IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLOUGH COULTERS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Gray, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Steel Saw, File, Edge Tool, and Machine Knife Manufacturer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLOUGH
COULTERS."
Sealed the 6th July 1869, and dated the 0th January 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Gray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th January 1809.
I, EDWARD GRAY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Saw,
File, Edge Tool, and Machine Knife Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PLOUGH COULTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists essentially in welding together bars of
wrought iron and steel, such compound iron and steel welded bars,
ingots, or lumps being intended to be subsequently rolled into tapered
or beviled bars and made into plough coulters. Tho welding of the iron

page_text: and steel together is accomplished either by pouring melted steel on one
side or end or on both sides or ends of the wrought-iron bar, or in the
middle of or between two iron bars whilst it or they are in a heated
state, and placed in a suitable mould, or by hammering or rolling iron
and steel bars together.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Gray in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th July 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
GRAY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Saw, File, Edge Tool,
and Machine Knife Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in
the thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Gray, Her
special license that I, the said Edward Gray, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Gray, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with.
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLOUGH COULTERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Edward Gray, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Gray, do hereby declare
the nature of said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and

page_text: by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:-
.
My said Invention consists essentially in welding together bars of
wrought iron and steel, which welded bars are by rolling or hammering
tapered from back to edge and subsequently forged into plough coulters
or they may be rolled or hammered into flat bars and made into coulters.
The welding of the iron and steel together is accomplished either by
pouring melted steel on one side or end or on both sides or ends of the
wrought-iron bar, or in the middle of or between two iron bars whilst it
or they are in a heated state and contained in a suitable mould, or tho
iron and steel bars may be welded together by hammering or rolling.
Figure 1 of the annexed Sheet of Drawings represents a transverse
section of one of the compound iron and steel bars above referred to after
it has been rolled or hammered into a tapered form, and Figure 2
represents the two opposite sides of a coulter when finished.
a represents the steel colored red, and 6 the iron colored blue, from
which bar so prepared I manufacture plough coulters which will con-
sequently consist chiefly of iron with a steel facing. In practice I
prefer to commence by welding about one-third of steel upon two-thirds
of iron, so that when forged or rolled and made into coulters the iron will
wear away and leave the steel always sharp; coulters made from this
material will never want relaying or sharpening. Coulters as previously
mado consists of iron with a little steel welded at the point, but as mado
by my plan they will be all steel on one side and all iron on the other, or
steel in the middle for straight or round coulters, and iron on each sido
if preferred (as shewn at Figure 3), so that the iron wcars away and
always keeps the steel sharp the same as when the steel is on one side,
as in bar Figure 1.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to mo by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The manufacture of plough coulters from compound bars con-
sisting of iron and steel bars welded together, substantially in the
manner herein-before described.

page_text: Second. The manufacture of plough coulters composed on one side of
steel and on the other side of iron, or composed of steel throughout the
centre and iron on both sides, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Gray, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of July,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.