IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS.
Year: 1882

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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Gascoigne Lynde at the Office
of tho Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1882.
FRANCIS GASCOIGNE LYNDE of Melton Mowbray in the County of Leicester
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS.'
"
In applying my invention to an open filter I make the body of the filter open at
the top and at about one third of the height (or more or less) I form inside a
projecting rim or flange on which I place a vessel closed at the bottom and open at
the top, inside this I place a longer vessel open at top and bottom_which extends
to the top of the filter: in the spaces between the sides of the vessel closed at the
bottom and the open vessel and the body of the filter I place filtering material-by
preference animal charcoal-and inside the open vessel I place a certain quantity
of fine sand or other material on which rests a cover to prevent displacement and
the surfaces of the various parts of the filter next the filtering material I make
corrugated or roughened or ribbed or I attach rings of india-rubber or suitable
material for this purpose to prevent the water having a tendency to follow the sides
of the vessels instead of passing through the charcoal: the water to be filtered is
poured in at the top of the open vessel, passes round the cover, through the sand,
rises through the charcoal between the inside of the vessel in which the open vessel
rests and the latter, descends outside the vessel closed at the bottom through the
charcoal between it and the body of the filter and flows into the lower part of the
filter in a pure state. I fit a cover that surrounds the top of the open vessel and
covers the space between it and the body of the filter and I place a cover on the top
of the open vessel..
The body of the filter and the inner parts may be round rectangular or of other
shape.
This open improved filter is made without metal or cement of any kind and as
there are no joints to make it can be easily and quickly cleaned.
In applying the filter to a pipe onder pressure I construct a case of metal or
other material having a cap or cover secured on the top and three openings in the
bottom, one for entrance of water, one for drawing unfiltered water and one for
filtered water to this latter opening I connect a pipe of metal glass or other suitable
material which extends inside to nearly the length of the before mentioned case

page_text: and in this pipe and in the space between it and the case I place the filtering
material and in order to ensure the passage of the water through the charcoal.
I place rings of india rubber or other material at equal spaces fitting inside and
outside the central tube and inside the case or the pipes and the case may be formed
with projections ribs or corrugations to effect this object.
To keep the filtering material in its place I employ perforated plates on which are
placed asbestos cloth or fibre.
The water to be filtered enters by one of the openings at the bottom and passes
upward through a perforated plate and through the asbestos cloth and filtering
material to the top of the case and then passes down the central tube and out
through a cock at the bottom. Any sediment that is too heavy to rise through the
perforated plate is removed when the tap which is fixed in the other outlet is
opened.
I make the outer case of porous earthenware in order to make the filtered water
as cool as possible when required.