IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Scheibler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1882.
CARL SCHEIBLER Doctor of Philosophy of Berlin' in the German Empire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR."
In the fifth claim of the Specification of my British Patent dated 25 January
1881 No. 331 I have named and claimed the application of saccharate of strontium
for the separation of beet juice or other saccharine juices. This present Invention
is based upon the said application or process and upon later experiments and
discoveries relating thereto.
According to the aforesaid Patent Specification I obtain the strontium saccharate
at boiling heat as a dense and with difficulty soluble precipitate which at low
temperature separates into a crystallizing strontium hydroxide, Sr (O H), + 8 H, O,
and a sugar solution saturated with strontium hydroxide.
For the separation (purification) of the beet juices or other saccharine vegetable
juices the undissolved, by boiling heat separated strontium saccharine may be
directly applied as well as the sugar strontium solution obtained therefrom
and while cooling chemically separated from crystallized strontium hydroxide.
The beet juices and also the juices of other sugar containing plants or fruits
contain besides the sugar a large number of organic and inorganic constituents parts
which may be called by the general name of nonsugary materials; these have to a
great extent to be removed from the juices before a successful production can take
place. At present these materials are very generally separated from the juices by
boiling with caustic lime; in this operation a considerable number of inorganic
and organic nonsugary materials (such as sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic
acid, citric acid and pectine) combine with the lime into a precipitate wherewith
the albuminous in the boiling heat coagulated materials unite into a slimy mass.
The slimy parts are then removed from the separated sugar solution by means of a
filter press or otherwise.

page_text: This separating operation may however be accomplished in a much more
perfect manner by the application of caustic strontium instead of lime. The
separation by strontium alone is much more perfect than by caustic lime. The
juices from the strontian separation are even immediately after the saturation
perceptibly purer than those resulting from the line separation after their animal
charcoal filtration, so that this latter costly filtration may be dispensed with by the
introduction of the strontian separation.
The above mentioned advantages accompanying the separation of beet juices by
ineans of strontian are very materially enhanced when the separation is effected
not by strontian alone but by strontian saccharates, because the latter contain the
sugar in a high degree of purity and this pure sugar enters into the separated beet
juice; the quotient of purity is thus very materially increased.
The separation of the beet juice or other vegetable juices may be effected either
by simple boiling similarly to the old mode of separation with subsequent carbonic
acid saturation or by boiling with simultaneous introduction of carbonic acid.
When separating with simultaneous saturation the carbonic acid may also be
introduced to a limited extent only whereby the juice retains a strong strontian-
alkality which is only removed after the removal of the slime by a second or
subsidiary saturation, or other similar methods may be employed.
For the purpose of separation the strontium saccharate which is available in
solid form is introduced into the heated beet or other vegetable juice while stirring,
whereby it is dissolved, or else I may use the sugar strontian solution which is
separated from the solid saccharate by cooling and separated from the strontian
crystals.
The strontian slime of separation including the slime of saturation contains
besides coagulated albuminous materials all the inorganic nonsugary materials
precipitated from the beet or plant juices, and also carbonate of strontium. After
this has been removed from the juices it has to be specially treated in order to
recover from it the strontian contained therein.
This treatment consists in moulding the carbonate of strontium at once or after
drying it (and with or without admixtures such as sawdust, coal dust or smalls,
tar or the like) into bricks or pieces, which are dried and then inade glowing hot
in a furnace. Or the dried slime may first undergo a dry retort distillation for
the purpose of obtaining ammoniac tar and combustible gases for heating and
lighting purposes; in that case the residue in the retort is first together with the
said admixtures such as sawdust formed into bricks and made glowing hot.
The organic acids, the albumen, pectine and the like as well as the admixtures
if any, burn away in the glowing process and the so produced carbonate of strontium
is by the further burning transformed into caustic strontium. The always small
quantity of sulphate of strontium contained is transformed into sulphide of
strontium which separates by the subsequent solution as is well known and gives
off its sulphur to the iron and manganese and other substances contained in the
beet juice and the admixtures if used. The phosphoric acid in the slime is still
contained in the burnt masses in the form of phosphate of strontium. The same
is the case with the traces of silicic acid.
The slaking and manipulating of the caustic burnt strontian slime of separation
is done exactly in the manner I have minutely described in the new Zeitschrift
für Rubenzücker Industric published by me volume VIII page 8, chapter VIII.
Hereby is obtained crystallized strontium hydroxide Sr (OH), + 8 H, O and also
an undissolved remainder which mainly consists of untransformed Sr CO, and
besides contains the aforesaid constituent parts such as phosphate of strontium
iron and manganese. I shall presently return to the further treatment of this
.remainder.
The strontian crystals Sr (O H), + 8 H₂ O are used again for separation of
sugar from molasses as described in the Specification of my Patent No. 331 of 1881;
.the saccharate thus obtained is then as aforesaid utilized again for the separation of
beet or other plant ivices and so on.

page_text: The aforesaid remainders from the slaking of the caustic burnt slime of
separation are collected and periodically specially treated. They contain as
stated besides iron, manganese and the like also carbonate of strontium and
phosphate of strontium; this latter constituent part has to be transformed into
carbonate of strontium. This is done by well boiling the remainders (which have
been kept damp) with a solution of carbonate of potash or soda (in the best and
cheapest manner with an extract of dry ashes of beet root ("Schlempenkohle ")
or with the ammoniacal waters from gas manufacture, or even with the saturated
nonsugary lies resulting from the separation of saccharate from molasses.
After this treatment of the remainders they are washed and with the aforesaid
admixtures formed into bricks which in contradistinction to the aforesaid bricks
may be called secondary bricks. These latter are separated from the former placed
in furnaces and made glowing hot so as to become transformed into caustic
strontium which by slaking and loosening produces crystals of Sr (O H), +8 H₂ O.
The remainder from this operation may if required be treated once more in the
same manner or else be thrown away.
By the above described mode of treating beet and other plant juices the entire
amount of sugar therein is obtained in a crystalline form; the juices being separated
into sugar and into nonsugary materials. The sugar obtained has a remarkably
pure taste.
Molasses are only produced as in a temporary or passing stage, and
the sugar therein at once returns into the cycle of treatments. The amount of
strontian required for forming the saccharate set free by the cooling from the
molasses available in a factory is just sufficient for separating the amount of beet
juices of the same factory.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Carl Scheibler in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th July
1882.
CARL SCHEIBLER Doctor of Philosophy of Berlin German Empire.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR.
IMPROVE-
In the fifth claim of my British Patent dated 25th January 1881 No. 331
I have named and claimed the application of saccharate of strontium for the
separation of beet juice or other saccharine juices: This present Invention is
based upon the said application or process and upon later experiments and
discoveries relating thereto.
According to the aforesaid Patent Specification I obtain the strontium saccharate
at boiling heat as a dense and with difficulty soluble precipitate which at low
temperature separates into a crystallizing strontium hydroxide, Sr (OH), + 8 H₂ 0,
and a sugar solution saturated with strontium hydroxide.
For the separation (purification) of the beet juices or other saccharine vegetable
juices the undissolved by boiling heat separated strontium saccharate may be

page_text: .
directly applied as well as the sugar strontium solution obtained therefrom and
while cooling chemically separated from crystallized strontium hydroxide.
The beet juices and also the juices of other sugar-containing plants or fruits
contains besides the sugar a large number of organic and inorganic constituent
parts which may be called by the general name of nonsugary materials; these
have to a great extent to be removed from the juices before a successful production
can take place. At present these materials are very generally separated from the
juices by boiling with caustic lime; in this operation a considerable number of
inorganic and organic nonsugary materials (such as sulphuric acid phosphoric
acid, oxalic acid, citric acid and pectine) combine with the lime into a precipitate
wherewith the albuminous in the boiling heat coagulated materials unite into
a slimy mass. These slimy parts are then removed from the separated sugar
solution by means of a filter press or otherwise.
This separating operation may however be acccomplished in a much more
perfect manner by the application of caustic strontium instead of lime. The
separation by strontium alone is much more perfect than by caustic lime, because
the strontian precipitates are much more insoluble than those of the lime and
because the strontian precipitates a certain number of non sugary materials which
are not removed by a lime separation. Hence the quotient or per centage of
purity of the sugary juices separated by strontian is very materially higher than
that of the juices separated by lime. The juices from the strontian separation
are even immediately after the saturation perceptibly purer than those resulting
from the lime separation afte their animal charcoal filtration so that this latter
costly filtration may be dispensed with by the introduction of the strontian
separation. Thus the long desired problem of manufacturing raw sugar without
the animal charcoal filtration has been solved.
The above mentioned_advantages accompanying the separation of beet juices
by means of strontian are very materially enhanced when the separation is effected
not by strontian alone but by strontian saccharates, because the latter contain the
sugar in a high degree of purity and this pure sugar enters into the separated beet
juice; the quotient of purity is thus very materially increased.
The separation of the beet juice or other vegetable juices may be effected either
by simply boiling similarly to the old mode of separation with subsequent carbonic
acid saturation, or by boiling with simultaneous introduction of carbonic acid.
When separating with simultaneous saturation the carbonic acid may also be
introduced to a limited extent only whereby the juice retains a strong strontian-
alkality which is only removed after the removal of the slime by a second
or subsidiary saturation; or other similar methods may be employed.
For the purpose of separation the strontium saccharate which is available in solid
form is introduced into the heated beet or other vegetable juice while stirring,
whereby it is dissolved; or else I may use the sugar strontian solution which is
separated from the solid saccharate by cooling and separated from the strontian
crystals. Obviously moro must be used of the latter material, as it contains less
strontian than the solid saccharate originally obtained from molasses or syrup.
The strontian slime of separation including the slime of saturation, contains
besides coagulated albuminous materials all the inorganic and organic non sugary
materials precipitated from the beet or plant juices, and also carbonate of strontium.
After this has been removed from the juices it has to be specially treated in order
to recover from it the strontian contained therein.
This treatment consists in moulding the carbonate of strontium at once or after
drying it (and with or without admixture such as sawdust, coal dusts or smalls, tar
or the like) into bricks or pieces which are dried and then made glowing hot in a
furnace. Or the dried sline may first undergo a dry retort distillation for the
purpose of obtaining ammoniac, tar, aud combustible gases for heating and lighting
purposes in that case the residue in the retort is first together with the said
admixtures such as sawdust formed into bricks and made glowing hot.
The organic acids, the albumen pectine and the like as well as the admixtures, if.

page_text: any, burn away in the glowing process and the so produced carbonate of strontium
is by the further burning transformed into caustic strontium. The always small
quantity of sulphate of strontium contained is transformed into sulphide of
strontium which separates by the subsequent solution as is well known and gives
off its sulphur to the iron and manganese and other substances contained in the
beet juice and the admixtures if used. The phosphoric acid in the slime and which
proceeded from beet or plant juice is still contained in the burnt masses in the form
of phosphate of strontium. The same is the case with the traces of silicic acid.
The slaking and manipulating of the caustic burnt strontian slime of separation
is done exactly in the manner I have minutely described in the New "Zeitschrift
für Rübenzucker Industrie," published by me volume VIII page 8 chapter 8.
Hereby is obtained crystallized strontium hydroxide Sr (OH), +8 H, O, and also
an undissolved remainder which mainly consists of untransformed Sr CO, and
besides contains the aforesaid constituent parts such as phosphate of strontium
iron and manganese. I shall presently return to the further treatment of this
remainder.
The strontian crystals Sr (OH), +8 H. O are used again for separation of sugar
from molasses as described in the Specification of my Patent No. 331 of 1881 the
saccharate thus obtained is then as aforesaid utilized again for the separation of
beet or other plant juices and so on.
It yet remains to mention the treatment of the aforesaid remainders from tho
sluking of the caustic burnt lime of separation these remainders are collected and
periodically specially treated. They contain as stated besides iron manganese and
the like also carbonate of strontium and phosphate of strontium; this latter con-
stituent part bas to be transformed into carbonate of strontium. This is done by
well boiling the remainders (which have been kept damp) with a solution of
carbonate of potash or soda (in the best and cheapest manner with an extract of
dry ashes of beet root ("Schlempenkohlo ") or with the ammoniacal waters from
gas manufacture or even with the saturated non sugary lies resulting from the
separation of saccharate from molasses. The greatest part of the phosphoric acid
in the phosphate of strontium then combines with potash soda or aminonia, while
the strontian is transformed into carbonato of strontium. After this treatment of
the remainders they are washed and with the aforesaid admixtures formed into
bricks which in contradistinction to the aforesaid bricks may be called secondary
bricks or remainder bricks. These latter are separated from the foriner placod in
furnaces and male glowing hot so as to become transformed into caustic strontium
which by slaking and loosening produces crystals of Sr (OH), +8 H, O. The
remainder from this operation may if required be treated once more in the same
manner or else be thrown away.
The separation of beet juices by the use of strontium saccharates has as compared
with the lime separation heretofore used the defect that the non sugary inorganic
and organic substances precipitated from the juices and which in the form of lime
slime of separation possess a value, as manure which should not be underrated are
lost, because they burn away by caustic burning of the strontium slime of
separation. In order to reduce this loss of manure materials, the beet juices may
first be separated by lime in the usual manner in order to get lime slime as manure
and the thus obtained filtered juices may then be subjected to a second separation
and further saturation with the strontium saccharate. This second separation can
best be effected by means of the liquid saccharate obtained by cooling but the
solid strontium saccharate may of course also be used the strontium slime from
the secondary separation is taken by itself and burnt caustic. It contains neither
phosphoric acid nor iron or manganese which were mentioned in my aforesaid
Patent Specification its manufacture is hence simpler than that of the directly
obtained strontium slime of separation.
By the above described mode of treating beat and other plant juices the entire
amount of sugar therein is obtained in a crystalline form the juices being separated
into sugar and into non sugarly materials. The sugar obtained has a remarkably

page_text: pure taste. Molasses are only produced as in a temporary or passing stage, and
the sugar therein at once returns into the cycle of treatments. The amount of
strontian required for forming the saccharate set free by the cooling from the
molasses available in a factory is just sufficient for separating the amount of beet
juices of the same factory. Molasses are in this process not a product for sale or
other use; thus the long desired process of sugar production from beet without
production of molasses has been invented.
The advantages of the above described mode of manufacture are the following:
a. Entire gain of all the beet sugar in the form of a charging mass (masse-cuite-
Füllmasse) possessing a very high quotient of purity.
b. Excellent taste of the sugar obtained reminding of that of the cane sugar:
c. Doing away with the expensive animal charcoal filtration of the separated
juices or material diminution of this stage.,
d Obtaining ammonia tar, and combustible gasses by dry distillation of the
strontium slime of separation.
e Saving all the nonsugary parts of the beet including the phosphoric acid
extracted from the strontian slime, and the realization of the same as manure.
I claim substantially as berein before set forth
First The application of caustic strontium for the separation or purification of
the juices of beet root and other sugar containing plants.
Second-The application of the saccharates of strontium and that either the
solid saccharate obtained at boiling heat or the soluble saccharate obtained at the
cooling after the removal of the crystallized hydroxide of strontium for the separa-
tion or purification of the juices of beet root and other sugar containing plants.
Third: The treatment of the beet and plant juices first separately by means of
lime with the saccharates of strontium named in the Specification of Patent No. 331
of 1881 for the purpose of a secondary separation of these juices and the transfer
of the sugar of the saccharates to them.
Fourth-The mode of transforming the strontian contained in the obtained slime
of separation and saturation into caustic strontium, videlicit; by forming this slime
with or without admixture of reducing and binding materials into compact pieces
or bricks which are dried and fired.
Fifth-The mode of treating the parts which remain over in the water after the
slaking or solution of the pieces named in the preceding or fourth claim, videlicet,
with fixed alkali carbonates with ammoniacal liquors or with non sugary dry ashes
of beet root for the purpose of transforming the phosphate of strontium contained
in the said remainders into carbonate of strontium.
Sixth-The dry distillation of the strontian containing slimes of separation and
saturation before their treatment with caustic strontium described in claim four
for the purpose of obtaining ammoniac, tar, combustible gases, and other products.
In witness whereof I the said Carl Scheibler have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twentieth day of July in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.