NEW-INVENTED WEAVING MACHINE
Year: 1786

page_text: CARTWRIGHT'S SPECIFICATION..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, EDMUND
CARTWRIGHT, of Doncaster; in the County of York, Clerk, sends greeting.
WHEREAS the King's most Excellent Majesty, by His Letters Patent
under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Thirtieth day of
October, in the twenty-seventh year of His reign, gave and granted unto
the said Edmund Cartwright, his executors, administrators, and assigns, His
special licence, full power, and sole privilege and authority, that he, the said
Edmund Cartwright, his executors, administrators, and assigns, by himself or
themselves, or by his or their deputy or deputies, servants, or such other
person or persons as he, the said Edmund Cartwright, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term of years therein and herein-after expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend his "NEW-INVENTED WEAVING MACHINE," within
that part of Great Britain called England, the Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to him, the said Edmund
Cartwright, his executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of them, should in
their discretion seem meet, and that he, the said Edmund Cartwright, his
executors, admors, and assigns, or any of them, should in their discretion seem
meet, and that he, the said Edmund Cartright, his executors, admors, and
assigns, should and lawfully might have, hold, and enjoy the whole profitt,
benefit, commodity, and advantage from time to time and at all times hereafter
accruing or arising by reason of the said new Invention, for and during the

page_text: term of years therein and herein-after mentioned, to have and to hold, exercise,
and enjoy the said licence, powers, privileges, and advantages herein-before
mentioned to be granted unto the said Edmund Cartwright, his executors,
adñiors, and assigns, of the sole use, & exercise, and vending of the said weaving
machine for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from
the date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and fully to
be compleat and ended according to the Statute in that case made and pro-
vided; His Majesty, in such Letters Patent, thereby strictly commanding all
and every person and persons, bodies politic and corporate, and all other His
Majesty's subjects whatsoever, of what estate, quality, degree, name, or con-
dition soever, they being within that part of His Majesty's said Kingdom of
Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, that neither they, or any of them, at any time during the con-
tinuance of the said term of fourteen years thereby granted, either directly or
indirectly, do make, use, or put in practise the said Invention, or any part of
the same, so attained unto the said Edmund Cartwright, his executors, adñors,
and assigns, as aforesaid, nor in anywise counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the
same, nor make or cause to be made any addition thereto or subtraction from
the same whereby to pretend himself or themselves the inventor or inventors,
devisor or devisors thereof, without the licence, consent, or agreement of the
said Edmund Cartwright, his executors, administrators, or assigns, in writing
under his or their hands or seals first had or obtained in that behalf, upon such
pains or penalties as can or may be justly inflicted on such offender or
offenders for their contempt of His said Majesty's said Royal Command, and
further to be answerable to the said Edmund Cartwright, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, according to law, for his or their damages occa-
sioned thereby; in which said Letters Patent is contained a provisoe that
if the said Edmund Cartwright, his executors, adiñiors, or assigns, or any
other person or persons which shall or may, at any time thereafter during the
continuance of the said grant, have or claim any right, title, or interest, at law
or in equity of, in, or to the power, privilege, and authority of the sole use or
benefit of the said Invention, should make any transfer or assignment or any
pretended transfer or assignment of the said liberty or privilege, or any share
or shares of the benefit or profits thereof, to or for any number of persons ex-
ceeding the number of five; and also that if the said Emund Cartwright
shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature of his said Invention of a
Weaving Machine, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under his hand and seal, and cause the same to
be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar

page_text: 5
month next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent,
that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void, anything
therein contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Cartwright, in pursuance of
and in compliance with the said provisoe in the said recited Royal Letters
Patent contained, do by this present Instrument declare that the nature
of my said weaving machine, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, is described and ascertained in the Plan hereunto annexed, and
which is explained and referred to in the letters, figures, and words following,
that is to say:--
Letter A is a wheel revolving upon a round part of the principal axis.
B is a square socket gliding upon a square part of the axis.-Note, when the
socket is pressed to the wheel the arms a, a, catch upon the studs b, b, and
then the wheel carries the socket, and consequently the machine along with
it; when the socket is plucked away, it and the wheel being no longer con-
nected, the wheel revolves and the socket and machine stands still, as in
Figure 2. C is a lever turning upon a center at c, which, when carried
from the wheel, disunites the wheel and the socket.-Note, when the
operator wants to stop the machine he presses the rod 8, and vice versa
when he wants to put it in motion. D is a lever lying against a notch
or segment of the pulley E, and turning upon the centre d.
which, together with the lever D, is fixed in the bottom of the latche or frame
E is a pully
which carries the reed.-Note. The lever D (so long as there are no broken
threads) stands at right angles with the lath, and in this position passes
as the lath is thrown to on the outside of the lever C, as in Figure One.
Round the pulley are two strings, each revolving the same way. These strings,
being carried along the bottom of the lathe till they come out under or beyond
the extremities of the reed, are connected to the moveable frame F, F, F, F,
s in Figure 3. F is the moveable frame, having the part adjoining to the
athe supported by loops on two rods fastened to the lathe, and the outer part
upported by loops on two rods e, e, f, f, fastened at each end upon a board
ying under the warp, and on which rod it glides. It vibrates with the lathes,
nd at every vibration passes under hooks, which are severally suspended upon
ach thread, and which are strung upon the rod g,g.-Note. If a thread breaks,
ehook which was suspended upon it drops down upon the board lying under
and catches the frame, which is made bevel edged for the purpose of
ipping under the nose of the hook; the lathe going to while the frame is
eld by the hook. The pulley E is turned round, and an oblique direction

page_text: given to the lever D; see Figure 4. In this direction it strikes, or is wedgen
against the inside of the lever C, which is thus forced from the wheel A ; and
as the lever C carries the socket B along with it, the socket and the wheel are
disunited, and the machine stopped (see Figure 2).-Note, the pulley is
brought back to the place by a coiled spring, like the mainspring of a watch,
in the inside of it. It may also be brought to its place by a string passing
round it, and coming to a convenient part of the lath for the operator to lay
hold of. The coiled spring serves also to keep the moveable frame steady to
its place. Gis a small staple in the shuttle, swinging upon a wire h, h. The
velocity of the thread passing under it prevents the staple from dropping below
the bottom of the shuttle. If the thread breaks, the staple drops, and in its
passage catches the hook H, which projects a little above the floor of the fly
His a hook, connected by a wire to the
or board on which the shuttle runs.
lever D. The hook swings upon a centre at i. When caught by the dropping
of the staple G, it gives an oblique direction to the lever D, and consequently
stops the machine. I is the principal axis, at one end of which is the worm k,
working upon
the wheel l, and giving motion to the axis m, m; at each end
of which axis is a worm, each worm giving motion respectively to the two
wheels K and L.--Note. The wheel works upon a round part of the
axis m, m, which it puts in motion, by being connected with the moveable
square socket M. When the square socket is drawn off, which it may be, by
the lever N, the axis m,m, stands still, consequently the cloth does not wind up
This will be necessary should the shuttle at any time pass without carrying
woof along with it. K is a wheel fast upon the axis of the cylinder O, O
which, by binding in its revolution against the cylinders P, P, and Q, Q
either one or both of them, takes up the cloth as it weaves.
any
Lis a whee
connected with the axis of the cylinder r, r, which letts off the yarn in th
same manner as the wheel K takes up the cloth.-Note, the wheel
revolves upon a round part of the cylinder's axis, and is kept to its place by th
upon the squa
endless screw a, and working upon the wheel ẞ, which is fast
part of the same axis. By means of the endless screw the yarn is ma
slacker or tighter, as occasion may require. M is a square socket, connectin
the wheel with the axis m, m. Note, by varying the number of tee
upon the wheel 1, as also by varying the number of teeth upon th
wheels K and L, the cylinders take up and let off faster or slower, a
consequently more or fewer threads may be put into any given space accordi
to the discretion of the operator; hence the work is made invariably unifor
N, N, the wheels which force back the laths. O, O, the springs which thro
it to. P, P, are the wheels which force up the rods S, S (see Figure 1).

page_text: each rod is joined a wire, the extremity of which lies against the back of the
corresponding picker. When the rods are alternately set at liberty from the
wheels P, P, the springs U, U, strike and the shuttel is thrown.-Note, the
wheels P, P, have that part immediately following the place where the rods
strike off formed spirally like a screw, for the purpose of drawing up the rods
to their places again. Q, Q, are the pickers gliding in grooves, and having
springs. V, V, see Figure 8, gradually pressing as the picker recedes from
the shuttle against the sides of the frame in which they slide, and thereby
preventing the shuttle from rebounding. R, R, are the wheels or tappits that
work the treadles that draw down the yelds or harness, and open the shed; see
Figure 1. S are the temples closed by the springs w, w; see Figure 9. Tare
the temples opened by the treadles x, a, which are pressed down by the coggs
Y, Y, upon the wheels P, P.-Note, when the temples are open, the space
from the points z, z, is less than when the temples are closed. Note, also, that
when the cloth is set at liberty from the temples, it contracts. In proportion as
it contracts, the temples must be made to open more or less so as to keep the
points,, in contact with the selvedge of the cloth, that when the temples
close the cloth may be stretched out again to its proper dimensions. U is a
trough for containing the composition for dressing the warp, Figure 6. N is a
cylindrical brush revolving within the trough U, and feeding the cylindrical
brush W. W is a cylindrical brush conveying the dressing composition from
the feeding brush to or against the lower yarn cylinder.-Note, the cylindrical
brushes receive their motion either from a wheel upon one of their axises
which lies under the worm working upon the wheel L, or from a wheel upon
the axis of the lower yarn beam working upon a wheel on the axis of the
upper cylindrical brush, which wheel conveys the motion to a wheel on the
axis of the lower cylindrical brush. X is a dry brush for working the dressing
composition into the yarn, and laying the filaments of it smooth.
Figure 10. Y is the yarn bobbin frame, which may be substituted for the
yarn beam at the discretion of the operator, from which the cloth is woven
without the trouble of winding, warping, or beaming. Z is a box or drawer
for receiving the cloth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Cartwright, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of November, in the twenty-
seventh year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by
the grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King,
Defender of the Faith, &c. and in the year of our Lord One thousand
seven hundred and eighty-six.
EDMUND (L.S.) CARTWRIGHT.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeenth day of Novem-
ber, in the year last above mentioned, the said Edmund Cartwright came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form last above mentioned. And also that the Specification aforesaid was
duly stampt according to the tenor of the Statute in that case made and
provided.