IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO LUBRICATORS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Cassels, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO LUBRICATORS." A
communication from abroad by Peter Barclay, of Boston, in the State of
Massachusetts, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Cassels at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1879.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JAMES CASSELS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
AND RELATING TO LUBRICATORS." A communication from abroad by Peter Barclay,
of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
This Invention relates to an arrangement of lubricator for steam engines, to be
more particularly used for lubricating the cylinders and like parts of ateam engines
through the medium of steam, that is to say, by oil, tallow, or like lubricant passed
into the cylinders by the steam as a conveyer.
An apparatus constructed according to this Invention consists of a lubricator or
oil vessel, the bottom of which is in communication with (through a controlling or
regulating valve, and a suitable pipe) some portion of the steam space of the
boiler. The upper part of the oil vessel is provided with a filling nozzle with a
screw down plug or stop, and near the bottom of the vessel there is a diaphragm,
being a horizontal diaphragin, the centre of which acts as a deflecting plate, and
the other portion is perforated for the purpose hereafter described. The lower
portion of the vessel is also provided with a flow off or drain cock. From the
upper portion of the vessel, by preference from the feeding nozzle, there is led a
pipe provided with a suitable regulating or controlling valve or cock to a second
vessel, being a water vessel with a glass side or entirely of glass provided with a
filling nozzle and suitable screw down stop or plug. From the feeding nozzle of
the water vessel there is a pipe provided with a non return valve, which pipe
communicates with the steam pipe leading from the boiler to the cylinders of the
engine.

page_text: In operation, the apparatus being connected at one end to the steam space of the
boiler, and at the other end to the steam pipe of the engine, the oil cup or vessel is
filled with oil, tallow, or like lubricant, and closed. The glass water vessel is filled
with water and closed; the regulating valve between the oil vessel and the boiler
is opened, so that steam rushes into the oil vessel and strikes against the deflecting 5
portion of the perforated diaphragm in the oil vessel; the steam is condensed, and
pressure is exerted under the oil in the vessel. By opening the regulating valve
between the oil vessel and the water vessel oil will find its way drop by drop at
any required speed from the oil vessel through the water vessel, and thence to the
steam pipe, the supply of oil or like lubricant being regulated by the valve 1
between the oil vessel and the water vessel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Cassels in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th June
1880.
JAMES CASSELS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND RELATING TO LUBRICATORS." A communication from abroad by Peter Barclay,
of Boston, in the State of Massachussetts, United States of America.
This Invention relates to an arrangement of lubricator for steam engines, to be
more particularly used for lubricating the cylinders and like parts of steam engines
through the medium of the steam, that is to say, by oil, tallow, or like lubricant,
passed into the cylinders by the steam as a conveyer.
An apparatus constructed according to this Invention consists of a lubricator or
oil vessel, the bottom of which is in communication through a controlling or
regulating valve and a suitable pipe with some portion of the steam space of the
boiler. The upper part of the oil vessel is provided with a filling nozzle with a
screw down plug or stop, and near the bottom of the vessel there is a diaphragm,
being a horizontal diaphragm, the centre of which acts as a deflecting plate, and
the other portion is perforated for the purpose hereafter described. The lower
portion of the vessel is also provided with a blow off or drain cock. From the
upper portion of the vessel, by preforence from the feeding nozzle, there is led a
pipe provided with a suitable regulating or controlling valve or cock to a second
vessel, being a water vessel with a glass side, or entirely of glass, provided with
a filling nozzle and suitable screw down stop or plug. From the feeding nozzle
of the water vessel there is a pipe provided with a non return valve, which pipe
communicates with the steam pipe leading from the boiler to the cylinders of the
engine.
In operation, the apparatus being connected at one end to the steam space of the
boiler, and at the other end to the steam pipe of the engine, the oil cup or vessel is
filled with oil, tallow, or like lubricant, and closed. The glass water vessel is filled
with water and closed; the regulating valve between the oil vessel and the boiler
is opened, so that steam rushes into the oil vessel and strikes against the deflecting
portion of the perforated diaphragm in the oil vessel; the steam is condensed, and
pressure is exerted under the oil in the vessel. By opening the regulating valve
between the oil vessel and the water vessel oil will find its way drop by drop at
any required speed from the oil vessel through the water vessel, and thence to the
steam pipe, the supply of oil or like lubricant being regulated by the valve
between the oil vessel and the water vessel.
The beforegoing being the nature, object, and purposes of this Invention, I will
now proceed to illustrate how the same may be practically applied, and to describe
a form and arrangement of apparatus such as is suitable for carrying this Invention
into practice, and for that purpose I have attached a Sheet of Drawings illustrative
of a continuous feed lubricating oil cup marked with letters and figures of reference,
corresponding with those in the following explanation, like letters and figures
being used to denote the same or corresponding parts throughout the various views
or Figures:-

page_text: valves F communicating with the steam pipe, a pet cock H. for working heavy
bodied oils, a pet cock S for emptying the oil vessel A, a screw plug J for filling
the oil vessel A, a screw plug or plugs K. for filling the water cup or cups B. The
oil vessel A communicates with the water vessels B through the passages P; the
covers a of the vessel or vessels B are by preference made to screw down into
the couplings b, the glass cups & being kept tight by the india rubber packing
rings e.
In operation the vessel A is filled with oil, and the vessel or vessels B filled with
water. The cock E is slightly opened, so that steam from the boiler is allowed to
play against the unperforated portion of the diaphragm D. The pressure of steam
causes the oil in the vessel A. to ascend continuously drop by drop through the
water vessel or vessels B, from whence the oil passes through the valve or valves F
into the column of steam in the steam pipe, in which the oil becomes vapourised,
and is conveyed broadcast over the cylinder, lubricating all parts alike. The
number of drops or feed of oil can be regulated by the valve or valves C, and the
drops can be counted as they ascend through the water in the vessel or vessels B.
The lubricator is worked entirely by steam pressure acting on the diaphragm D,
where condensation of the steam takes place, which separates the steam from the
oil. By keeping the small pet cock H slightly open the lubricator can be kept at
the necessary temperature for working heavy bodied oils or tallow.
The advantages of the continuous feed lubricating oil cup are, perfect and
uniform lubrication of every part, reaching and oiling all the wearing parts of the
cylinders and valves through the steam as a conveyer; continuous and uniform
feeding, fast or slow, the flow being regulated at will, and constantly in view;
economy of use, as the oil is distributed evenly over all the surface reached by the
steam, securing perfect lubrication; simplicity of construction, not liable to get out
of order, and the applicability to any class of oil or tallow.
The example shown in the Drawing illustrates a duplex lubricator, but it will be
readily understood that one of the water vessels B may be dispensed with, and the
lubricator thus made single acting.
Having now described and ascertained the nature, object, and purposes of this
Invention, what I claim as the Invention communicated to me, and secured by
Letters Patent as aforesaid is,-
First. The construction and arrangement of the oil vessel A. with a diaphragm,
such as D, and in combination with a water vessel such as B, through which the
oil is fed drop by drop to the steam pipe, as herein described, and such as illustrated
in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Second. In continuous feed lubricating oil cups the use and application of a
perforated diaphragm, such as D, placed at or near the bottom of the oil vessel, and
between the oil in the vessel and the steam inlet, substantially as herein described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The general construction and arrangement of parts constituting an
improved lubricator, such as herein described and shown in the Drawings hereto
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Cassels, have hereunto set my hand
JAMES (L.s.) CASSELS.