Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd June, 1886.
Complete Left, 2nd Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 17th May, 1887.
I, JOSEPH FREDERICK CHOLMONDELEY JAMES of No. 1 Dorset Terrace Cambridge
in the County of Cambridge Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object improvements in Type Writers by which I obtain a
greater amount of speed with considerably less expense a saving of labour, and
a convenience for reading the last word written, and accurately readjusting it after
doing so which is a great advantage in case of interruption and for rectifying
mistakes.
Upon light Iron legs a small table is mounted to which is fixed the bed plate and
frame of the writer having a vertical centre spindle with a pulley wheel at the lower
end under the table and which is connected by means of a band and other pulleys or
other suitable gearing with a treadle or handle above thereby giving motion to
the centre spindle. By means of this spindle a horizontal disc is driven round
having on its under-face projections forming inclined planes gearing into similar
planes formed on the top face of a wheel which is mounted loosely upon the same
spindle and which bears one or more rows of type on its under face this wheel is
forced into gear with the one above by a spring thereby causing the two to revolve
together, above these wheels is fixed a horizontal plate having a number of Finger
keys representing and marked with the various letters and figures to be written, these
keys are lightly fixed by small springs pressing against their side but project below
the plate when depressed and catch a projection formed up on the surface of the type
wheel and stop it through the medium of a spring which is mentioned hereafter the

page_text: finger keys being so arranged that the same letters upon the type wheel are in a
proper position for printing but as the disc above continues to revolve it will easily be
seen that it must get out of gear with the type wheel and being prevented from rising
because of a stiff spring must necessarily press the type wheel down with a force
varying with the stiffness of the spring, which is able to be regulated by a screw.
Round the circumference of the type wheel are as many spaces divided as there are
letters in one circular line of type on the type wheel and as the type wheel continues
to fall one of these spaces is entered by a fixed cushioned knife edge thereby fixing
the type wheel in the proper position for printing the letter required during which
time the disc above revolves independently until it occupies a position in which
the type wheel can gear with it again when the under spring forces the type wheel up
again into its place, this being done gently by means of a weak spring placed to
mitigate the force and at the same time the projection on the type wheel forces the
finger key up again by means of a small spring before mentioned which was previously
overcome by force and a slight travel of the wheel which travel occassioning tho
further fall or depression of the type wheel carrying the spring. This spring passes
below and so becomes disengaged from the key and thus recovering itself presents a
surface to drive the key up again on the rising of the type wheel which carries the
spring. The paper on which the matter is printed is passed round a revolving roller
of any suitable material hy metal clips or other means the whole being mounted upon
a slide and placed under one side of the type wheel in such a position as to receive
the impression of the type when the type wheel is depressed as before shewn.
"
Along the whole length of the roller and connected therewith is a toothed rack
having a pawl, engaging in the teeth; this pawl is pinned to one end of a lever the
other end of the lever being depressed by the type disc causes the pawl to engage with
a certain number of teeth and on the rise of the type disc the lever is pressed up too
by a spring and so the paper roller is driven along the space of one letter, this pawl
has what may be termed a tail piece" which is depressed more or less by a lever
connected with a vertical pin under the type wheel, in such a position that when the
type wheel is depressed certain projections thereon varying to suit the different letters
press the said pin down more or less and by the aid of the lever cause the pawl to rise
and engage in the requisite number of teeth to slide the roller the proper distance for
the letter or figure to be printed. For spacing the words two of the finger keys are
connected together by a plate which upon being depressed causes the type wheel to
mako two depressions and as there is no type on the wheel at the point where these
finger keys would cause it to print it leaves a blank space equal to two lettters which
sufficient for dividing the words.
The whole of the paper roller and slide is mounted upon a second slide running at
right angles so that by the aid of a rod connected to the paper carriage the roller can
be brought under any of the rows of type and thereby change the character of the
letters or it can be pushed back clear of the type wheel for the purpose of reading the
portion already written and a finger is arranged upon the frame opposite where
the next letter will print for the purpose of conveniently and accurately readjusting
the writing into its proper position.
•
For inking the type a vertical rod is connected with the two finger keys provided
for spacing hetween the words and to the end of this rod is attached a small spring
pressing one arm of a lever having three arms, to the second of which is attached the
ink pad while the third works against a second small spring laving a catch upon it,
the action of inking being as follows:-upon depressing the spacing finger keys the
vertical rod is also depressed this in turn causes the spring attached to press one arm
of the lever down thereby pressing the ink pad which is fixed to the second
arm up against the type and keeping it there a sufficient time for inking by means of
the third arm being forced over the catch until the type wheel descends, or a
projection on the type disc is preceeded by an inclined plane come over it, and forces
the ink pad with it thereby pressing the third arm of the lever over the catch. which is
on the spring into its original position.

page_text: Of course I do not confine myself strictly to the mode of carrying out my invention
for I may considerably cheaper it by substituting a plain horizontal plate with the
letters marked on a small portion of its circumference in place of the depressing
finger keys having an arm worked by hand with a point for these letters and acting
as a lever to depress the type wheel in place of the disc's with the inclined planes the
arm being connected with clock wheels geared with others connected with the type
wheel so that while the arm only travels a small portion of the circumference of the
plate the type wheel makes a complete revolution.
The type can readily be renewed or replaced with other of different character as it
is separate and simply fixed by screws.
GEORGE BARKER,
77, Colmore Row, Birmingham,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Type Writers.
1 JOSEPH FREDERICK CHOLMONDELEY JAMES of 1 Dorset Terrace Cambridge
in the County of Cambridge, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object improvements in typo writers by which I obtain
a greater amount of speed with considerably less expense, a saving of labour and
a convenience for reading the last word written and accurately readjusting it after
doing so which is a great advantage in case of interruption and for rectifying
mistakes.
Upon light iron legs a small table is mounted to which is fixed the bed plate
and frame of the writer having a vertical contre spindle with a pulley wheel at the
lower ends under the table and which is connected by means of a band and other
pulleys or other suitable gearing with a treadle or handle above thereby giving
motion to the centre spindle. By means of this spindle a horizontal dise is driven
round having on its face inclined planes gearing with an horizontal bar which
is fixed to the centre spindle this disc which is mounted loosely upon the spindle
bears one or more rows of type on its under face, and is forced into gear with
the one above by a spring thereby causing the two to revolve together above the type
wheels is fixed a horizontal plate having a number of finger keys representing and
marked with the various letters and figures to be written, these keys are lightly fixed
by small springs pressing against their side but project below the plate when
depressed and catch a projection formed upon the surface of the type wheel, and stop
it through the medium of a spring which is mentioned hereafter, the finger keys
being so arranged that the same letters upon the type wheel are in a proper position
for printing but as the bar above continues to revolve it will easily be seen that
it must get out of gear with the type wheel and being fixed is prevented from rising
and must necessarily press the type wheel down with a force varying with the
stiffness of the spring which is able to be regulated by a screw. Round the circumference
of the type wheel are as many spaces divided as there are letters in one circular
line of type on the type wheel and as the type wheel continues to fall one of these
spaces is entered by a fixed cushioned knife edge thereby fixing the type wheel
in the proper position for printing the letter required during which time the
bar above revolves independly until it occupies a position in which the type wheel
can gear with it again, when the under spring forces the type wheel up again
into its place this being done gently by means of a weak spring placed to mitigate
the force and at the same time the projection on the type wheel forces the finger
key up again by means of a small spring before mentioned which was previously
overcome by force and a slight travel of the wheel which travel occasioning the
further fall or depression of the type wheel carrying the spring. This spring passes
below and so becomes disengaged from the key and thus recovering itself presents

page_text: a surface to drive the key up again on the rising of the type wheel which carries the
spring. The paper on which the matter is printed is passed round a revolving roller
of any suitable material by metal clips or other means the whole being mounted upon
a slide and placed under one side of the type wheel in such a position as to receive
the impression of the type when the type wheel is depressed as before shown.
Along the whole length of the roller and connected therewith is a toothed rack
having a pawl engaging in the teeth, this pawl is pinned to one end of a lever,
the other end of the lever being depressed by the type disc, causes the pawl to engage
with a certain number of teeth, and on the rise of the type dise the lever is pressed
up too by a spring and so the paper roller is driven along the space of one letter,
this pawl has what may be termed a "tail piece" which is depressed more or less
by a lever connected with a vertical pin under the type wheel in such a position that
when the type wheel is depressed, certain projections thereon varying to suit the
different letters press the said pin down more or less and by the aid of the lover
cause the pawl to rise and engage in the requisite number of teeth to slide the
roller the proper distance for the letter or figure to be printed. For spacing the
words two of the finger keys are connected together by a plate which upon being
depressed causes the type wheel to make two depressions and as there is no typo
on the wheel at the point where these finger keys would cause it to print it leaves
a blank space equal to two letters which is sufficient for dividing the words.
The whole of the paper roller and slide is mounted upon a second slide running
at right angle so that by the aid of a rod connected to the paper carriage the roller
can be brought under any of the rows of type and thereby change the character
of the letters or it can be pushed back clear of the type wheel for the purpose
of reading the portion already written and a finger is arranged upon the frame
opposite where the next letter will print for the purpose of conveniently and
accurately readjusting the writing into its proper position.
For inking the type a vertical rod is connected with the two finger keys provided
for spacing between the words and to the end of this rod is attached a small spring
pressing one arm of a lever having three arms to the second of which is attached the
ink pad while the third works against a second small spring having a catch upon
it the action of inking being as follows-upon depressing the spacing finger koys
the vertical rod is also depressed this in turn causes the spring attached to press one
arm of the lever down thereby pressing the ink-pad which is fixed to the second
arm up against the type and keeping it there a sufficient time for inking by means
of the third arm being forced over the catch until the type wheel descends or
a projection on the type disc is preceeded by an inclined plane come over it and
forces the ink pad with it thereby pressing the third arm of the lever over the catch
which is on the spring in its original position.
Of course I do not confine myself strictly to the mode of carrying out my invention
for I may considerably cheaper it by substituting a plain horizontal plate with
the letters marked on a small portion of its circumference in place of the depressing
finger keys having an arm worked by hand with a point for these letters and acting
as a lever to depress the type wheel in place of the dises with the inclined planes
the arm being connected with clock wheels geared with others conneced with
the type wheel so that while the arm only travels a small portion of the circumference
of the plate the type wheels make a complete revolution. The type can readily
be renewed or replaced with other of different character as it is separate and simply
fixed by screws.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood and more easily carried into
practice I have appended hereunto two sheets of drawings upon which I have
illustrated my invention so that the action thereof may be seen together with one
modification but of course the mode of carrying it into practice may be varied
in many ways.
On Sheet 1
Figure 1 is a plan having half the finger key plate removed to show the roller

page_text: Figure 2 on Sheet 2 is a cross sectional elevation.
Figure 3 on Sheet 1 is a longitudinal sectional clevation.
Figure 4 on Sheet 1 shows the arrangement on type dise for stopping same against
finger keys.
Figure 5 on sheet 1 shews the grooves and springs for supporting finger keys.
Figure 6 shews a modification by which the writer can be entirely manipulated
by hand.
The table A may be mounted upon light iron legs to which is fixed the bed plate
and frame B of the writer having the vertical centre spindle C with a pulley fly
wheel at the lower end under the bed plate and which is connected by means
of the band T and pulleys S and S¹ with a wheel worked by a treadle or a handle
above thereby giving a rotating motion to the centre spindle. By means of this
spindle the horizontal bar R is driven round, this bar gears into the loose sleeve
or collar D which are kept revolving together by means of the spring D³ and carries
the type wheel I)₁ containing one or more rows of type d and d².
Above the type wheel is fixed the horizontal plate E having a number of finger
keys e, e, e representing and marked with the various letters and figures to be
written these keys are lightly fixed by the small spring et pressing against their
side but project below the plate when depressed and catch the projection d formed
upon the surface of the type wheel D and stop it through the mediums of the
spring d which is mentioned hereafter the finger keys being so arranged that the
same letters upon the type wheel are in a proper position for printing but as
the horizontal bar R continues to revolve it will easily be seen that it must depress
the loose sleeve, bearing the type wheel D¹. As the stop of the type wheel D¹ is
sudden a small spring de may be inserted in the loose sleeve D which first cases the
velocity of the spindle C.
Round the circumference of the type wheel D¹ are as many spaces equally divided
as there are letters in one circular line of type on the type wheel and as the type
wheel continues to fall on any of these spaces 5 falls on the fixed pin or cushioned
knife edge E thereby fixing the type wheel in the proper position for printing
the letter required during which time the bar R and centre spindle continues to
revolve independently until it occupies a position in which the loose collar D can
again gear with the bar when the under spring D³ forces the type wheel up again
into its place and at the same time the projection d on the type wheel forces
the. finger key up again by means of a small spring d'. Figure 4 which was
previously overcome by force and a slight travel of the wheel D' which travel
occasioning the further fall or depression of the type wheel carrying the spring d'
this spring passes below and so becomes disengaged from the key and thus recovering
itself presents a surface to drive the key up again on the rising of the type wheel D¹.
The finger keys have two grooves 1 and 2 turned in them and a flat formed
on one side. This flat touches the circular band of brass which holds the springs
thereby preventing the key from turning and keeping the letter in position for
reading and also prevents the keys from being jerked or otherwise taken from their
holes. The springs will be of a section similar to either 1 or 2 Figure 5. These
grooves cause the downward motion on touching they key to be so rapid that there
is very little chance of its being caught by the spring d' on the type wheel D¹ before
it is fairly down.
A silent ratchet is attached to any convenient part to prevent the -type disc.
from revolving the wrong way.
The paper on which the matter is printed is passed round the revolving drum F
which may be of any suitable material by metal clips and f the whole being
mounted upon the slide 5 and placed under one side of the type wheel in the position
shewn so as to receive the impression of the type when the type wheel D' is depressed
as before described.
Along the whole length of the drum F and connected therewith is the toothed
rack G having the pawl g' engaging in the teeth this is pinned to one end of the
lever shewn by dotted lines the other end of the lever g being depressed by

page_text: G
the fall of the loose sleeve 1) raises the pawl g¹ which by the aid of the spring g
pressing up the reverse end 7 engages with the number of teeth in proportion
to the amount it is raised and on the rise of the type disc the end of the lever
is pressed up by the spring E which presses forward the end bearing the pawl gl
in the direction of the arrow and thereby moves the paper drum along the space
of one letter. The end of the lever is depressed more or less by the projection J³
the type wheel by means of the pin J' these projections vary to suit the
particular letter which at that time is being printed. The difference in the spacing
for large or small letters is effected by moans of the upright. G³ which as the drum
is adjusted for large or small letters depresses more or less the end of the pawl
and thereby affects the number of teeth engaged.
on
The paper is automatically brought back for commencing a fresh line by the disc 7
Figure 2 which is constantly revolving with the spindle and working on this disc is a
small pulley $ fixed on the end of the spindle 9 having a second pulley 10 at the other
end, the spindle and pulleys are carried by and revolve in a sleeve or long hearing 11
supported by a spindle 12 passing through the bearing 13 attached to slide F. The
sleeve 11 has also at right angles vertically an arm projecting upwards 14 on to which
the spring catch 15 engages. Upon the toothed rack G or lower part of the upper
slide a tappet is fixed at each end and these can be adjusted to any width of paper.
The action is as follows:-the pulley 8 is pressed against the disc 7 and pulley 10
against the bottom of the top slide 5 at the proper time thereby imparting to it a
backward motion. When the machine is writing the paper is pressing from right to
left and thus the right hand tappett is brought into contact with 14 which it presses
back until it is caught and held by catch 15 which at the same moment lifts by means
of a double ended lever (not shewn) the ratchett and pawl from their places just out
of the teeth and so liberates the rack which is then traversed back along with the
slide 5 by the friction of the rubber pulley 10 until the left hand tappet strikes the
catch 15 and 14 is again set at liberty. The horizontal spindle 12 is carried forwar
through 13 and is fitted with a spiral spring 16 which presses the sleeve 14 toward
the rack and into the first notch of the catch 15 and this same motion lifts 8 off 7 and
so stops the traversing of the slide 5 when catch 15 is struck by the left hand
tappet.
A sheet of india-rubber may be placed between the base plate and the table of
machine to deaden sound.
The type is prevented from touching the paper in more places than the one wished
by having the thin steel sheet of the shape shown with holes q' 7", 13, and over these
holes is placed a piece of silk cut out at and to keep that down is rivetted over a
piece of tin with three similar holes which is only the size of end as far as line '
and is a peg which presses all firmly down when type wheel descends and
touches it.
For driving paper carriage double pawls or clicks may be used one being half a
tooth or one and a half or two and a half teeth as convenience may suggest in advance
of the other so that the number of teeth on rack need be only half and still not effect
the rate of propulsion and would allow stronger teeth and biting parts on the pawl.
For spacing the words a finger key is provided as shewn on the plan at which
upon being depressed causes the type wheel to make a depression and as there is no
type on the wheel and the point where this finger key would cause it to print, it leaves
a blank space equal to one letter which is sufficient for dividing the words.
The whole of the paper drum and slide is mounted upon a second slide F running
at right angles so that by the aid of the rod K which is connected to the paper carriage
the drum can be brought under any of the rows of type and thereby change the
character of the letters or it can be pushed back clear of the type wheel &c. for the
purpose of reading the portion already written and the finger 1 is arranged upon
the frame opposite where the next letter will print for the purpose of conveniently
and accurately readjusting the writing into its proper position.
For forcing the paper carriage back from the position for printing small characters

page_text: a spring Z as shewn is attached to bar X which is fixed to the base plate and acts as a
guide on either side of the tail piece K. The other end of this spring is fixed to a
loose bar Z pulling it against the butt pieces 3 and 3 which are screwed into the base
plate and which also acts as guides to K.
"
Attached to K are two pieces of wire 4 which on K¹ being pushed towards position
for reading what has been written (that is when pointer K' is pushed from line marked
"small" to line marked "on view") are free from har Z but on being pulled towards
capital" the spring tends back the two posts 4 to old position. When key is pulled
back for capitals the release key Y holds it. in position but when it is again wished to
print "small" the release key Y is depressed and the spiral spring draw the rod K
back to position for printing small characters, K2 is a small handle to pull K out by
and push it in when capitals are required or when it is wished to read what has been
written. Lis the arm to the lever I which is depressed for releasing ratchet to
allow of return of slide.
For inking the type the vertical rod M is connected with a key adjoining the one
provided for spacing between the words and to the end of this rod is attached the
small spring m pressing one arm of a lever having three arms to the second of which
is attached the ink pad N while the third works against the second small spring m²
having a catch upon it the action of inking being as follows:-Upon depressing the
spacing finger keys the vertical rod is also depressed this in turn causes the
spring m to press one arm of the lever down thereby pressing the ink pad which is
fixed to the second arm up against the type and keeping it there a sufficient time for
inking by means of the third arm being forced over the catch on the spring m³ until
the type wheel descends and forces the ink pad with it thereby pressing the third arm
of the lever over the catch which is on the spring m³ into its original position. The
dotted lines. at end of paper drum show method of applying the ribbon system of
inking to my Design.
Fis the drum round which the ribbon is wound and F is a spring in box cylinder
with pawl and ratchet and a wire over which the ribbon passes off the drum along the
length of paper roller into another similar drum at further end, the other drum being
similar in all respects except that it has no spring or cylinder etc. to contain it, the
action is as follows:-starting with all the ribbon wound out to the further drum
(not shown) except the length extending along the paper carriage.
A string at least as long as the travel of the paper roller is wound round, spring
drum F5 and is attached to it, the other end is fixed to some point not far from the
centre line whilst the paper drum is travelling from right to left the spring cylinder is
winding up the string without moving the ribbon but on the carriage returning to
begin a new line the pawl or click comes into play and winds up the ribbon pulling it
off the drum and as the ribbon is about five yards long it goes on for some time
before the ribbon is all wound off the one drum on to the other giving fivo yards of
printing then it can be wound back by hand on to the old drum again or a spring
cylinder with pawl and spring may be also added to this drum and the return of tho
carriage for a fresh line made to rewind it back as it was first wound on to the other
drum.
A bell U may be provided for giving alarm at the conclusion of a line by a bent
arm w part of which passes under to the back of the rack for propelling paper drum
and has a screw with arm w to grip the rack at any point desired. This arm carries
a piece of metal pivoted-by-screw when the paper drum has come nearly to the
end of the line, 02 comes into contact with to which is depressed by it, this on being
released by passing on over and past it is pressed up by a spring and W strikes
the hell U.
A modification is shewn by Figure 6 where the plain horizontal plate E has the
letters marked on a small portion of its circumference at e and in place of the
depressing finger keys having the arm O worked by hand with a point o' for these
letters and acting as a lever to depress the type wheel D in place of the discs with tho
inclined planes the arm being connected with clock wheels P1, P2, P3, P*, connected

page_text: with the type wheel by the spindle C and geared so that while the arm only travels a
small portion of the circumference of the plate the type wheel makes a complete
revolution and the whole of the other parts being as described in the previous one.
It will be seen that with slight modification the disc and type of the machine may
be held always in the same plane whilst the cam action may be made to raise and
lower the spindle and so cause the paper by means of a bell crank or other lever to
strike the paper against the type instead of the type being pressed on to the paper and
that the type may be on the edge or rim instead of beneath of the disc and so allow
the paper to be vertical during printing instead of horizontal. The spring for raising
the keys being attached to the circular spring.
This again may be accomplished by the cam having a horizontal power instead of
vertical and acting below the type disc on a lever hammer. The peg E' which guides
the type disc down exactly in position may be on the disc instead of on the frame and
the notches into which it strikes on the frame.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
1st. The improvements in Type writers in which the type is brought into position
for printing by finger keys the power for printing being afterwards added substantially
as herein set forth.
2nd. In type writers the type d¹ and d disc D¹ and loose sleeve or cam D in
combination with the cross bar I and spring D³ operated by the spindle C for making
the impression substantially as herein set forth.
3rd. In type writers the mode of transmitting motion to the spindle by means of
the pulley wheel C band T pulleys S & S and Hy whocl whethor worked by hand or
treadle substantially as set forth.
**
८८
4th. In type writers the method of changing quickly to capital" small or
on view" by the paper carriage 5 moving on the cross slide F to point L' and
operated by the rod K spring Z and key Y substantially as herein set forth.
5th. In type writers the operation of the ratchet g¹ in combination with the
incline g and spring H by the projections J substantially as herein set forth.
Gth. In type writers the means for propelling the paper carriage and disengaging
the ratchet by the rod L for allowing the paper carriage to return substantially as
herein set forth.
7th. In type writers the mode of stopping the type disc by the small spring d and
india rubber cushion d Figure 4 and the small spring do working against the bar R
substantially as herein set forth.
8th. In type writers the mode of distributing the ink upon the type by means of a
rod M operated by a finger key in combination with the springs m² m² and pad N
substantially as herein set forth.
9th. In Type writers the method of fixing the type in position for printing by means
of the upright or knife edge substantially as herein set forth.
10th. In type writers the support of the finger keys by spring e and grooves k¹
and and band Figure 5 substantially as herein set forth.
11th. In type writers the modification illustrated by Figure 6 for printing wholly by
hand by means of the lever O operating the clock wheels P P¹ P² and P³ substantially
as herein set forth.
. 1000