Applicable as Pumps or Meters.
Year: 1885

page_text: Applicable as Pumps or Meters.
We, GRAYDON POORE, of 51 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, CHARLES INGREY, of 49 Queen Victoria Street, aforesaid, Engineer, and
ERNEST LATHAM, of 10 Halton Buildings, Chapel Street, Liverpool, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus applicable as a motor, a pump, or a meter
comprising cylinders pistons two shafts or axles and an arrangement resembling
that known as Oldham's coupling.
In such an apparatus with four cylinders and four pistons the cylinders are
arranged in pairs with the axis of one pair at right angles to the axis of the other
pair; one pair of cylinders is connected to one shaft, the other pair to the other
shaft; and the four pistons are formed with or rigidly connected to a device
answering approximately to the cross in Oldham's coupling; or the cylinders may
be formed with or attached to such device, the pistons being in this case connected
one pair to each shaft.
One arrangement of such an apparatus as above indicated which we will assume
to be a motor is as follows:-The cylinders constituting a pair are placed opposite
each other and bored out in line. Each pair of cylinders is mounted upon a
tubular shaft or axle at right angles to the bore of such cylinders; the two tubular
shafts or axles are supported by suitable bearings placed in lines parallel to each
other, but at a distance apart equal to one half the stroke of the engine.
The pistons are connected rigidly or may be formed in one with the part that
connects them, the axis of one pair being at right angles to the axis of the other
pair so that the two axes intersect and if drawn would form a cross. When the
pistons are in the cylinders, the two pairs of cylinders although mounted on
different centres occupy positions at right angles to each other and they are main-
tained in these relative positions by the connected pistons the movement of which
causes each pair of cylinders to revolve around its centre of motion, namely, the
axis of the shaft or axle to which it is connected.
Motive fluid is admitted to the tubular shafts or axles and passes by means of
passages or ports to the cylinders, the admission and escape being controlled by
valves.

page_text: In apparatus according to this invention for use as a pump the ports passages and
valves are appropriately arranged and motion is transmitted by any suitable means
to one or other of the shafts or axles.
As will be obvious apparatus may be constructed in various forms to operate on
the principle of this invention as above set forth.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in Motors Worked by Fluid Pressure and
Applicable as Pumps or Meters.
We, GRAYDON POORE, of 51 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, CHARLES INGREY, of 49 Queen Victoria Street, aforesaid, Engineer, and
ERNEST LATHAM, of 10 Halton Buildings, Chapel Street, Liverpool, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to apparatus that may be constructed for use as a motor,
a pump, or a meter, and which comprises cylinders, pistons, two shafts or axles
or centres of rotation, and an arrangement resembling that known as Oldham's
coupling.
In such an apparatus with four cylinders and four pistons, the cylinders are
arranged in pairs with the longitudinal axis of one pair at right angles to the longi-
tudinal axis of the other pair; one pair of cylinders is connected to or centred upon
one shaft or centre of rotation, the other pair to or upon the other shaft or centre
of rotation, and the four pistons are formed with or rigidly connected to a device
answering approximately to the cross in Oldham's coupling, or the cylinders might
be formed with or attached to such device, the pistons being in this case connected
one pair to each shaft, but we do not consider such an arrangement desirable in
practice.
The power may be taken off either of the shafts or axles or from the centre of
the device that connects the pistons.
One arrangement of such an apparatus as above indicated which we will assume
to be a motor is as follows:-The cylinders constituting a pair are placed opposite
each other and bored out in line.
Each pair of cylinders is mounted upon a tubular shaft or axle at right angles to
the bore of such cylinders; the two tubular shafts or axles are supported by
suitable bearings placed in lines parallel to each other, but at a distance apart
equal to one half the stroke of the engine.

page_text: The pistons are connected rigidly or may be formed in one with the part that
connects them, the longitudinal axis of one pair being at right angles to the longi-
tudinal axis of the other pair, so that the two longitudinal axes intersect, and if
drawn would form a cross. When the pistons are in the cylinders, the two pairs of
cylinders, although mounted on different centres, occupy positions at right angles
to each other, and they are maintained in these relative positions by the connected
pistons, the movement of which causes each pair of cylinders to revolve around its
centre of motion, namely, the axis of the shaft or axle to which it is connected.
Motive fluid is admitted to the tubular shafts or axles, and passes by means of
passages or ports to the cylinders, the admission and escape being controlled by
valves.
In apparatus according to this invention for use as a pump, the ports, passages,
and valves are appropriately arranged and motion is transmitted by any suitable
means to one or other of the shafts or axles.
As will be obvious apparatus may be constructed in various forms to operate on
the principle of this invention as above set forth.
We will now proceed to more particularly describe our invention, reference being
had to the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a side
elevation of a motor according to our invention, the casing thereof being shown in
section; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation; Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation showing the
cylinders a, a, b, 61, in a different position to that shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a
sectional end elevation taken at right angles to Figs. 2 and 3; Fig. 5 is a plan
partly in section, with the top part of the casing removed; Fig. 6 is a transverse
section of one of the cylinders and its valve k. a, a¹, and b, b¹, are two pairs of
cylinders in which work the four pistons c, c, d, d, respectively arranged with the
longitudinal axis of the one pair at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the
other pair, the cylinders a, a¹, and b, b¹, being rigidly connected by a stem or
bracket e and e', and mounted upon a hollow or tubular shaft f and f1 respectively.
The pistons c, c, d, d, are rigidly connected by arms g which form a right angle cross.
Each pair of cylinders is mounted upon its tubular shaft at right angles to the
longitudinal axis of such cylinders as hereinbefore mentioned.
The tubular shafts ƒ f¹ are supported by bearings h h¹ respectively, and are
placed parallel to each other, but not in the same line, the distance apart of their
centre lines being equal to one half the length of the stroke of the pistons. Each
pair of cylinders is bored out in line, and they are always maintained at right
angles to each other by the pistons. i, i, are ports for admitting motive fluid to
the cylinders, and j, j¹, are exhaust ports for the escape of the motive fluid after
it has done its work in the pistons. The admission and escape of the motive fluid
are controlled by suitable valves k, k¹, which are operated by valve rods 1, l¹, and
fixed eccentrics m, m¹.
n, n¹, are stuffing boxes which surround the hollow shafts f, f¹, respectively; they
are provided with annular spaces or chambers p, and p¹, which receive motive fluid
from the pipes q, q².
,, are slots or openings in the tubular shafts ffl-through which the motive
fluid can pass to the cylinders by way of the passages 8, 8. t is a casing sur-
rounding the motor, and u an opening to allow the exhaust motive fluid to pass to
an exhaust pipe in communication therewith. The operation of the motor is as
follows:-.
Steam, compressed air, or other fluid under pressure is supplied by the pipes q, q¹,
and passes through the openings or slots r, r¹, to the passages 8, 81, the valves k ke¹
controlling the admission to and exhaust from the cylinders. When the pistons of
one pair of cylinders are respectively at the inner and outer ends of their cylinders
the pistons of the other pair are midway in their respective cylinders as shown in
Fig. 2 of the drawings.
After the motive fluid has forced one pair of the pistons to the end of its stroke
the corresponding valve k or k³, as the case may be, is so moved that communication

page_text: is made between the cylinder containing the steam that has effected this move-
ment and the exhaust port j or 1, so that the spent motive fluid can escape into the
casing t, whence it passes away by the opening u. The action of the pistons when
forced towards the ends of their respective cylinders. is such that each pair of
cylinders is caused to revolve around the centre of its respective shaft for f³ and
to give rotary motion thereto.
In the arrangement shown either or both the shafts f. f', can be employed to
transmit motion. The various parts of our improved motor can be made of steel,
'iron, bronze, or other suitable metal or metals; and steam, compressed air, or other
motive fluid can be employed for operating it.
The modifications in detail to be adopted when constructing the apparatus for
use as a pump or as a meter are such as will be readily understood by a competent
meclianic, and therefore do not call for further explanation than is hereinabove
contained, it being of course understood that suitable actuating means are to be
provided in the case of a pump, and that counting mechanism is to be provided in
the case of a meter. The motor shown might be used as a pump or a meter, if
provided with means to prevent the valves from being forced off their faces.
When it is.desired to take the power from the centre of the device that connects
the four pistons, the shafts or centres about which the cylinders rotate are to be
arranged both at one side of the engine, and the shaft for taking off the power at
the opposite side, and a crank must be provided, the pin of which should work in
the centre of the said device that connects the pistons.
Although we have described the use of only four cylinders and four pistons, it is
to be understood that there might be used additional pistons and cylinders arranged
with their longitudinal axes in line with those of the cylinders and pistons shown,
and connected thereto, so that the one connecting device would connect eight pistons
instead of only four. Such an engine might be arranged to work as a compound
.engine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. In a motor worked by fluid pressure, or in a pump, or in a meter, the com-
bination of four cylinders connected in two pairs, these being mounted on shafts
or centres parallel to each other, but not in the same line, four pistons rigidly con-
nected together with their longitudinal axes at right angles to one another after
the manner of a cross, suitable supply and exhaust passages and means for con-
trolling admission and emission of fluid to and from the respective cylinders, the
arrangement and operation being substantially such as hereinabove described.
2. The improved motor (applicable as a pump or as a meter) constructed arranged
and operating as hereinabove described with reference to and shown in the
drawings annexed.