Improvements in the Ventilation and Construction of Helmets and all other Head Coverings.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 8th June, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 8th Mar., 1890-Accepted; 17th May, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Ventilation and Construction of Helmets and
all other Head Coverings.
We WILLIAM VERO Junior and EDMUND BESLEY Hat & Helmet Manufacturers
94 Union Street Borough London S.E. in the County of Surrey we do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to Helmets and all other Coverings for the Head, made from
any kind of material-felt, cork, gossamer pith, straw, grass, leather or skins etc.
The object of our Invention is 1st thorough, ventilation. In carrying this part of our
Invention into effect, in some cases we, construct our head covering in two or more
separate parts, viz. crown, brim, and inner skull-each part being attached, by metal,
or other suitable attachments, hereafter more particularly described.
Our crown in some cases will be larger than the brim or band of the brim in others
the crown will be the same size as the brim or band of brim-with spaces left between
the crown and band of brim for purposes of ventilation.
The band of the brim would be of any depth desired small or large.
The processes hitherto employed to attach sections of head covering together, having
been to stitch or stick the novelty of our process will be in the attachments & varied
forms of application. When the head covering is in the form of caps, without peak,
or with peak or peaks an adjustable head leather or inner lining is so attached as to
provide free ventilation and other advantages claimed by our Invention.
2nd. Head leathers may be attached or detached at will by means of metal
screws, springs, or other self adjustable attachments, hereafter more particularly
described.
3rd. To prevent perspiration or grease from absorbing into the outer part, surface,
or cover of the head covering facilitated by the novel application of our metal
attachments.
Dated +1 041 dave of T 1000
WILLIAM VERO, JUNIOR.
EDMUND BESLEY.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Ventilation and Construction of Helmets and
all other Head Coverings.
We, WILLIAM VERO and EDMUND BESLEY Hat and Helmet Manufacturers formerly
of 94 but now of 105 Union Street, Borough, London, S.E. in the County of Surrey
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Our invention relates to helmets and all other coverings for the head, made
from any kind of material, felt, cork, gossamer, pith, straw, grass, leather, or
skins &c.
The objects of our invention are 1st thorough ventilation. In carrying this part
of our invention into effect in some cases we construct a head covering in two or
more separate parts viz.: crown, brim, and inner skull or band, each part being
attached by metal or other suitable attachments hereafter more particularly described.
The crown in some cases will be larger than the brim or band of the brim, in others
the crown will be the same size as the brim or band of brim, with spaces left between
the crown and band of brim for purposes of ventilation.
The band of the brim will be of any depth desired small or large.
The process hitherto employed to attach sections of head coverings together having
0.71

page_text: hat or other head covering connected together so as to provide for different sizes of
heads but leaving no ventilating space between such parts.
In all the views like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
a. represents the crown or body of the hat, cap, or helmet, b the brim, b¹ the brim
band, the head leather, dan inner crown, and è e ventilating apertures in the crown.
In the helmet represented at Figures 1 to 5 the head leather is removeably
adjusted within the body of the helmet by means of fastenings each consisting of a
perforated distance block f attached to the body of the helmet and a stud f¹ fixed by
its plate to the brow or band carrying the head leather and fitting into the
perforation in the distance piece f.
By these means we are enabled to removeably adjust the head leather in position.
within the body of the helmet or other head covering so as to leave a ventilating
space. between the two which will at the same time prevent the absorption into the
body of the helmet or other head covering of perspiration passing through the head
leather whilst by the aid of detachable fastenings of the form shown and described or
of any other suitable form we are enabled to fit a helmet or other head covering with
a brow, skull or inner lining of any size within certain limits thus reducing the
amount of stock required to be kept by a retail hatter, as with a few different sized
helmet; hat or cap bodies. and a number of different sized brows or skulls fitted with
interfitting detachable fastenings he is enabled readily to fit any sized head.
The hat represented at Figures 6 and 7 has a separate crown a which is larger than
the brim band 6 and is attached thereto by means of detachable screw fastenings,
such as that represented at Figures 16 in which each fastening consists of a tapped
stud or distance piece f which by its plate f is fixed to the crown a, a perforated
disc f3 attached to the brim band b¹ and a screw. f which is passed under the head
leather through the brim band 6 through the perforated disc-f3 and is screwed
into the tapped stud f. By these, means an air space is formed between the crown a
and brim band 6 up which air can pass into the interior of the hat from which the
heated air can escape by the apertures c. We would here observe that in this form
of hat the crown a can if desired be permanently connected with the brim band b¹, or
it can be removeably attached thereto by other suitable detachable fastenings.
The hat represented at Figure 8 has the brow carrying the head leather c connected
to the crown or body a, by any suitable number of detachable fastenings f, f', f² in
a similar manner to the helmet represented at Figures 1 to 5 in addition to which a
corrugated band a is fixed within the body or crown a as is customary with some
classes of hat or helmet.,
-
Figure 9 is a perspective view of an inner crown & carrying a head leather c, and
fitted with detachable screw fastenings fl. f f by which it can be removeably
adjusted within an exterior crown or body a so as to leave an air space between the
two crowns through which air can circulate and from which it can escape through
ventilating apertures e. c. in the outer crown a, whilst if desired the inner crown d
can also be provided with ventilating apertures.
The helmet represented at Figure 10 has a crown or body a separate from and larger
than the brim band b but removeably attached thereto by means of distance pieces f
and detachable connections f5 such as that represented at Figures 18, whilst it has
a brow carrying the head leather c attached to the brim band by means of detachable
fastenings of the character shown at Figures 14. By this construction of helmet we
obtain a ventilating space between the lower edge of the crown and the brim band
and between the latter and the head leather. If desired the crown a, the brim. band b¹,
and the brow carrying the head leather c can be connected together by screws filong
enough to connect all three parts together and screwing into a tapped stud f fixed
to the brow carrying the head leather c, or to the crown a suitable perforated
.distance pieces being interposed between the parts, other suitable connections may
however be employed:
The helmet represented at Figure 11 has the crown a of same size as the brim band
and these two parts are connected together by bars or plates y so as to leave an air
space between the edges of said parts which air space is covered with a ventilating

page_text: band or puggaree h. This helmet is also provided with a removeably attached brow
and head leather c in a similar manner to that shown at Figures 1 to 5 the perforated
distance blocks f being fixed to the bars or plates g.
The cap shown at Figures 12 and 13 has the peak attached to the brow carrying
the head leather or lining c which latter is removeably attached to the skull or body a
of the cap by detachable connections f f f in a similar manner to that shown and
described with respect to Figures 1 to 5.
In the modification represented at Figures 19 and 20 imperforated distance blocks f
are fixed to the body of the head covering and spikes or pegs fare fixed by their
head plates to the inner brow c. Thus a hatter could fit a large head covering
with any required smaller size of inner brow by fixing distance pieces f of the
required substance to the body a, and then by forcing the spikes or pegs f¹, of an
inner brow of the required size into such distance pieces.
In the modification represented at Figure 21 where little or no ventilation is
required different sized fittings are obtained by the use of inner brows of different
thicknesses which may be connected to the body of the head covering by fastenings of
a somewhat similar character to that shown at Figures 18, but pointed pegs or other
suitable detachable fastenings may be employed in lieu thereof. In both modifications
represented at Figures 19 to 21 the heads of the fastenings are preferably flat and
embedded in the inner brow so as to prevent discomfort to the wearer.
The screw fastening represented at Figures 17, has the tapped stud f' attached to
its plate 2 at a slight inclination from the vertical and is useful in cases where the
surfaces of the two parts to be connected together are not quite parallel.
The fastening represented at Figures 15. has a spring tongue fa and socket f
formed respectively with a plate f and f by which such parts can be sewn or
otherwise attached to the parts of the hat or other head covering to which they are to
be applied.
The fastening represented at Figures 18 consists of a head f10 to which wires or
narrow strips of metal f¹ are attached and which can be used in a similar manner to
a paper binder.
We would here remark that we do not confine ourselves to the use of the detachable
fastenings represented in the drawings as applied to the different forms of helmet or
other head coverings as any suitable arrangement of detachable fastenings may be
used in carrying our invention into effect and we would further remark that the
forms of head covering represented at Figures 10, 12 and 13 may have the brim and
brim band or the head leather and the crown or body thereof permanently connected
together by other means.
By the aid of our invention we are enabled to make one large sized shell or body
of any class of head covering to fit any sized head, large or small by the employment
of a suitably sized inner lining which can be easily adjusted therein by the use of
readily attachable and detachable fastenings as herein described.
Although one size of shell or body may as above stated be made to fit any sized
head, it would be advisable to use either two or three different sizes of shells or bodies
for a full scale of sizes.
Our invention will also enable gentlemen themselves to remove old or soiled head
leathers, inner linings or skulls and replace them by new ones.
The crown or body of a hat or other head covering may be made of one material and
the brim of another. In applying our invention to export goods, either helmets or
hard or flexible hats or other head coverings of various kinds, a great saving in shipping
measurement and consequently in cost of transport will be obtained, as our head
leathers or inner linings may be packed separately from the shell or body of the
helmet, hat or cap.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1. In hats and other head coverings, a separate shell or body and brow head lining

page_text: or brim and brim band or interior brow or skull, connected together by means of
detachable fastenings substantially as herein shown and described and for the purposes
stated,
2. In hats and other head coverings, a crown or body of larger circumference than
and overlapping the brim band and connected to the latter by means of either per-
manent or detachable fastenings so as to leave a ventilating space between the two
parts, substantially as herein shown and described.
3. In hats and other head coverings a crown or body and a brim and brim band
made in two separate parts the edges of which are in a line with each other such
parts being connected together so as to leave a ventilating space between them sub-
stantially as herein shown and described.
4. In hats and other head coverings a crown, body or shell, a separate brim and
brim band and a separate brow or skull carrying a head leather or lining connected
together by either permanent or detachable fastenings substantially as herein shown
and described.
5. In caps and other head coverings a shell or body and a separate brow with head
leather or lining carrying a peak or peaks connected together so as to have a ventila-
ting space between the shell or body and the brow carrying the head leather or lining
substantially as herein shown and described.
6. In hats and other head coverings, the use of detachable fastenings for connecting
the shell or body with the brow carrying the head leather or lining, or with the brim
band or with an inner skull substantially as herein shown and described.
012 1000
PART
WILLIAM VERO, JUNIOR.
EDMUND BESLEY.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.