IMPROVEMENTS IN SCOURING, BLEACHING, AND DYEING YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EM- PLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: <f
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Stewart Byers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1877.
ARCHIBALD STEWART BYERS, of the Firm of Campbell and Byors, of Paisley, in
the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Dyers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCOURING,
BLEACHING, AND DYEING YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EM-
PLOYED THEREFOR."
This Invention has reference to the scouring or washing, bleaching, and dyeing
of woollen, cotton, linen, or other yarns or threads in hanks, linked together as a
chain," or in long lengths or webs; and to a new or improved general construction
or arrangement of machine or mechanisin for so doing, in a quicker and better
manner, with less strain and wear or fatigue to the fibre or texture, which is of
great importance in the said treatment of some of the finer and softer classes of
these yarns. And the nature of the Invention, or construction of the machine, or
arrangement of mechanism and mode of working the same and of treating the
yarn therein consist all as follows:-In this machine, as in others of the same class,
the liquid or dye box or cistern is made of strong wood, slate, or metal lined or not,
as required, to resist the action of the liquids employed, and made of about the
usual size in width and depth (as three feet by four feet respectively), open at the
top, and set or fixed on longitudinal scantling or transverse bearers as a sole above
the floor.
By these improvements, however, the yarn guiding and drawing rollers are
mounted longitudinally in bush bearings within and above the cistern, having the
yarn traversed over them in a series of spiral coils transversely; so that the boxes
and rollers do not require to be so long as heretofore (three feet or so being found
sufficient); but for the convenience of making and to give stability and steadiness
when at work they are made duplex, or of sufficient length to make two cisterns,
with a division end in the centre of them, each cistern having its own set of rollers
driven separately, as a double machine, convenient for putting the yarns through
then consecutively to repeat the same treatment, or as a first and second further
or different sequential treatment, hefore removal for finishing by other machines or
processes. Three cast-iron or other frames are secured, one to each outer and
central dividing end of the cistern, and projecting up from the middle, stayed at
the top by a tie bar, and fitted with central bush bearings and slots above for
carrying the journals of the shafts of the large main driving or drawing rollers just
Domino 9.71

page_text: a little above the top of the cistern, with those of the loose pressing rollers resting
and rolling above the main rollers by their own weight, or with weighted levers
fitted and resting on their bushes.
Each of the main rollers is preferably driven separately by a fast and loose pulley
mounted on the outer end of its shaft, through an open or cross band or belt passed
from a pulley on any adjacent motive-power transmitting shaft or engine; each
being thus quite self-contained, and fitted with a belt-shifting fork lever. Guide
rollers are fitted to revolve loosely along near the bottom and two sides of each
cistern in bush bearings secured to its inside ends, with a similar roller some little
distance higher in the centre between the former, made movable by its bushes and
levers to give any desired stretch to the coils of yarn.
The long chain of yarn (in warp, or attached together by loose loops of twine
when in hanks) is fed in, preferably, at the adjacent ends of each machine through
a new or improved frame of undulating tension pins or "pace" rollers, over and
under as many of these pins or rollers as will give the desired stretch or tension to
the yarn in passing into and through the inachine, from which it passes through a
usual porcelain guide eye, also mounted at this end so as to lead the yarn in between
the main driving roller and the loose pressing roller above it, down and round the
small guide roller at the bottom and off side of the cistern, and up over the lower
middle guide roller, down and under the guide roller at the bottom and near side
of the cistern, then up over the main driving roller, and again through between it
and the pressing roller above; and so on for as many times or coils, spirally, as will
suffice for the particular kind of yarn and work in hand (from eight to twelve
times, answering for the size of machine described), each turn or coil being kept
separate by a longitudinal bar fixed below one or both sides of the main roller, with
a regular divided line of separating pins or rollers projecting out through the line
or plane of the yarn. In passing between the lower side rollers and main roller,
the yarn is finally lead off over the upper outer end of the top roller, through,
below a small india-rubber covered pressing roller, carried on loose lever arms
oscillating on the upper stay, or sliding without levers in guides on the end frame
or other equivalent, to slightly press the liquid out of the yarn before leaving the
machine through its leading-off porcelain eye mounted at that end, assisted by a
small drawing-off winch. Each cistern is fitted with the usual inlet and discharge
liquid taps and pipes, or couplings and hose; and also with heating rose steam pipe
along the bottom inside, with controlling tap or valve outside.
For carrying the chain of hanks of yarn from the delivery end of one machine
and cistern to the inlet end of the other, when this is desired, an endless travelling.
web of strong blanket cloth or other equivalent is mounted on two end and inter-
mediate guide rollers, carried in a portable rectangular, inclined, or horizontal frame
set or fitted on the floor at the side of the machine, where it will receive the yarn
from the delivery end or winch of the first machine loosely on the top of its back
or lower end, and convey or carry it to the other or upper end, where it will be fed
in through the improved tension frame of undulating pins or rollers and inlet
porcelain eye; then round the rollers and through the cistern of the second machine,
all otherwise in an undulating or spiral coil, substantially as described in reference
to the first machine, and froin which it is led off at the outer end into removing
vessels, to be further treated or finished.
The endless carrying web or blanket is driven by a belt or band passed over a
pulley on the end of one of its driving rollers, from a pulley on one of the spindles
of the main rollers, or on an axis driven by it; and while the chain of hanks is
being traversed over the top of this travelling web, the attendants get time to shift
or turn the banks or their twine or other cord attachment to a fresh place, when
this is considered necessary or advisable to prevent injurious markings across the
hanks.