Improvements in the Manufacture of Double Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application; 23rd Dec., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Sept., 1900-Accepted, 27th Oct., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Double Pile Fabrics.
We, LEANDER STREUBEL, trading under the style or Firm of J. W. Eck,
Manufacturer, and ALBERT STREUBEL, Manager, both of Culmbach, Bavaria,
German Empire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
follows:
as
This invention relates to the manufacture of pile fabrics which are woven
face to face, the pile warp connecting the two tissues, which are severed in the
loom while weaving.
These fabrics are now generally made wite pile tied with one pick of
weft only, which however has the disadvantage that the pile loops are not kept
fast enough to prevent their coming out either on the back or front of the tissue
by wear or pulling.
It
This led to the introduction of a floating warp, covering the pile warp threads
on the back. This latter mode of weaving, however, has its drawbacks.
necessitates the employment of too many and proportionately fine threads, which
through break in working cause faulty goods to be turned out. Moreover the
pile is not fast to the front of the fabric, as each pile tuft can be easily drawn
out by picking it from the face of the tissue.
Now by the present invention we are enabled to make a double pile fabric,
for instance velvet, in which the pile warp is mohair or wool, the pile being
as fast and durable as that just described, but resisting a pull from the face
of the fabric, and this without using a floating warp.
According to our invention the pile threads are only held on one side by
double or triplicate ground threads riding over the weft which holds the pile
loops, while on the other side of the pile warp double or triplicate fastening
warp threads bind in such manner that they run round the knee of the pile
loop and fasten the same, aided by the weft threads which bind before and after
the pile warp. This combination and a peculiar tension of the ground warp
threads cause a pressing in of the pile loop on three sides and make the pile
stand absolutely upright.
The double or triplicate fastening warp threads, which pass through one
heald only, have the following advantages. They support the pile on one side,
so that it cannot lay down; they prevent the pile loops from coming out on
the back, and in combination with the weft threads as used here, they fix the
pile loops to the front.
Our invention will be understood from the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 represents on an exaggerated scale the face of a fabric woven according
thereto.
Figs. 2 and 3 show a cross section along the warp of the fabric and the
weaving in of two pile warps a and a¹.
Fig. 4 is a cross section of the severed woven fabric enlarged.
Fig. 5 is a cross section of a fabric with a floating warp according to one
system in use at the present time.

page_text: a a¹ are two pile warps, bb are the ground warp threads (shown in Figure 1
duplicate); cc are the fastening warp threads; dd are the weft threads in
fiont of and behind the pile warp; da² are the weft threads holding the pile
loop.
f, Fig. 5, are the floating warp threads above referred to.
and
2
in Fig. 1 represent the relation of the ground warp threads and
fastening warp threads to the reed dents, as will be readily understood.
It may be pointed out that one great difference between the fabrics shown
in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is that the floating warp f in Fig. 5 might be omitted
and there would be still a tissue, but by taking away the fastening warp
threads c in Fig. 4, no tying of the fabric would be possible.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1899
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Double Pile Fabrics.
We, LEANDER STREUBEL, trading under the style or Firm of J. W. Eck,
Manufacturer, and ALBERT STREUBEL, Manager, both of Culmbach, Bavaria,
German Empire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of pile fabrics which are woven
face to face, the pile warp connecting the two tissues, which are severed in the
loom while weaving.
These fabrics are now generally made with the pile tied with one pick of
weft only, which however has the disadvantage that the pile loops are not kept
fast enough to prevent their coming out either on the back or front of the tissue
by wear or pulling.
It
This led to the introduction of a floating warp, covering the pile warp threads
on the back. This latter mode of weaving, however, has its drawbacks.
necessitates the employment of too many and proportionately fine threads, which
through break in working cause faulty goods to be turned out. Moreover the
pile is not fast to the front of the fabric, as each pile tuft can be easily drawn
out by picking it from the face of the tissue.
Now by the present invention we are enabled to make a double pile fabric,
for instance velvet, in which the pile warp is mohair or wool, the pile being
as fast and durable as that just described, but resisting a pull from the face
of the fabric and this without using a floating warp.
According to our invention the pile threads are only held on one side by
ground threads, single, double or triplicate riding over the, weft which holds
the pile loops, while, on the other side of the pile warp, fastening warp threads,
double or triplicate bind in such manner that they run round the knee of the
pile loop and fasten the same, aided by the weft threads which bind before and
after the pile warp.
This combination in conjunction with a specially adjusted
tension of the ground warp threads, causes a pressing in of the pile loop on
three sides in such manner as to secure the pile and make it stand absolutely
upright. The proper tension of the ground warp threads will readily be ascer-
tained by experience. This upright standing of the pile is a peculiarity of hand
woven plushes; in consequence velvets woven in the manner described herein

page_text: are more similar to handwoven goods, seen from the front than those woven
with a floating covering warp.
The double or triplicate fastening warp threads, which pass through one
heald only, have the following advantages. They support the pile on one side,
so that it cannot lay down; they prevent the pile loops from coming out on
the back, and in combination with the weft threads as used here, they fix the
pile loops to the front.
Our invention will be understood from the drawings accompanying our
Provisional Specification in which Fig. 1 represents on an exaggerated scale the
face of a fabric woven according thereto.
Figs. 2 and 3 show a cross section along the warp of the fabric and the
weaving in of two pile warps a and a¹.
Fig. 4 is a cross section of the severed woven fabric enlarged.
Fig. 5 is a cross section of a fabric with a floating warp illustrating a typical
method of weaving face to face pile fabrics in use at the present time.
a a are two pile warps, bb are the ground warp threads (shown in Figure 1
duplicate); ce are the fastening warp threads, are the weft threads in
front of and behind the pile warp; dad are the weft threads holding the pile
loop.
f, Fig. 5, are the floating warp threads above referred to.
and
11
in Fig. 1 represent the relation of the ground warp threads and
fastening warp threads to the reed dents, as will be readily understood.
It may be pointed out that one great difference between our improved fabric
(shown in Fig. 4) and that shown in Fig. 5 is that the floating warp f in
Fig. 5 might be omitted and there would be still a tissue, in fact the tissue already
existed without the floating warp, the latter being added subsequently, but by
taking away the fastening warp threads c in Fig. 4, no tying of the fabric would
be possible; there would be no tissue at all.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
what we claim is:-
1. In the manufacture of a face to face pile fabric, the employment of one
or more ground warp threads riding over the weft which holds the pile loops
and holding the pile threads on one side thereof, in combination with two or
more fastening warp threads binding in such manner that they run round the
knee of the pile loop and fasten the same with the assistance of the weft threads
which bind immediately before and after the pile warp, all substantially as and
for the purpose described and as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 of the drawings.
2. A face to face pile fabric substantially as described and illustrated in
Figs. 1 to 4 of the drawings.
Tlated the 20th day of t... 1000
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agents.