IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WARPING, BEAMING, AND BALLING COTTON AND OTHER YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joe Marshall Johnson, of Mirfield, in the County of
York, Cotton Spinner, and John Buckley, of the same Place, Manager,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WARPING, BEAMING,
AND BALLING COTTON AND OTHER YARNS OR THREADS."
Sealed the 27th December 1864, and dated the 27th June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joe Marshall Johnson
and John Buckley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th June 1864.
We, JOE MARSHALL JOHNSON, of Mirfield, in the County of York, Cotton
Spinner, and JOHN BUCKLEY, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
WARPING, BEAMING, AND BALLING COTTON AND OTHER YARNS OR THREADS," to be
as follows:-
Our improved machinery for warping and beaming consists of a double
creel of a V form for supporting the bobbins on which the yarn or thread is
wound. This creel has guides for separating the yarns or threads from each
other in their passage to a reed, which is provided with projecting wires or
dents at intervals to divide the yarns or threads into sets of any required
number to facilitate the counting. The projecting wires or dents may project
at different distances on each side of the reed. After the yarn or thread has
passed through the above-described improved reed, or a reed of the ordinary
construction, it is taken between friction and measuring rollers of the usual

page_text: construction, beyond which are the usual running back rods and gear. The
yarn or warp is now divided into two equal number of parts by passing each
alternate yarn over and the others under a dividing rod, with releasing catch
or gear. The yarn now passes through the single end heck or reed, which is
made with the space between the alternate dents closed in two parts, to leave
a space for the yarn between them. This heck or reed is for taking the shed
or single end lease in the open warp. The yarn now passes through another
heck or reed for taking the lease of any given number of yarns or threads
required. Both these hecks or reeds are raised and lowered by the attendant
to form the lease when the required length of warp has passed through the
machine. The warp afterwards passes through a stationary reed, with a
regulating screw for keeping the selvage warps in line with the flanges of the
warp beam on which it is wound. An apparatus for marking the length of
the yarn in cuts and registering the length of the warp is applied as in
beaming frames of the ordinary construction, and another marking apparatus
is also applied to the machine for marking the strings or other divisions in
the warp.
A friction apparatus is applied to the side shaft connecting the
measuring roller to the marking apparatus to ensure accuracy of measure-
ment, and to give tension to the yarns. When the warp is required in balls,
the beams, filled in the machine above described or in any other suitable
machine, are placed on a stand or frame near the usual balling machine,
which is fed with the yarn from one or more beams, passing through an eye
or eyes in a cross rail, then under and over guide pulleys, and then it is
wound in a bale in the usual manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joe Marshall Johnson and John Buckley in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 27th December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOE
MARSHALL JOHNSON, of Mirfield, in the County of York, Cotton Spinner,
and JOHN BUCKLEY, of the same Place, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Joe Marshall Johnson and John Buckley, Her special license that
we, the said Joe Marshall Johnson and John Buckley, our executors, adminis-

page_text: trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Joe Marshall Johnson and
John Buckley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR WARPING, BEAMING, AND BALLING COTTON AND OTHER YARNS OR
THREADS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Joe
Marshall Johnson and John Buckley, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joe Marshall Johnson and John
Buckley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
:-
The nature of our Invention consists, first, in an improved combination and
arrangement of machinery for warping and beaming cotton and other yarus
or threads; and, secondly, in an improved arrangement of the balling
machine.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood, and readily
carried into operation, we will proceed to describe the accompanying two
Sheets of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
Fig. 1 is an elevation in section of our improved machinery for warping
and beaming, to which our improved creel is attached; Fig. 2 is a plan of the
same.
a, a, are the uprights of our improved double creel; b, b, are the bobbins,
with the yarn to be wound on the beam, and c are the guide rails. On
referring to Fig. 2 it will be seen that the creel consists of a double row of
bobbins, and that it is in the form of a V to economise space and to facilitate
the supply of full bobbins and the removal of empty ones to the inner rows
of the creel. The yarns from the guide rails c are taken through the fixed
reed d, which is provided at intervals with projecting wires or dents to divide
the yarns or threads into sets of any required number to facilitate the
counting.
In the present instance the reed on one side has projecting dents suitable

page_text: for nineteen warp threads to the half beer, and at the other side for twenty-
five warp threads to the half beer, as shewn detached on an enlarged scale at
Fig. 3. A scale, with the divisions marked upon it, is attached to each side
of the top bar of the reed. The wires or dents may project in any other
required order to suit the convenience of counting. Instead of the improved
reed above described, a reed of the ordinary construction may be used. The
warp threads are then taken between the usual friction rollers e, e, and the
measuring roller f. The axle of this roller, when the machine is at work, is
held down by the hooks f¹, and when it is desired to raise the roller for
passing the warp under it, or for other purposes, the axle is supported in
recesses in one of the horns of the brackets f*. After leaving the roller e the
yarns or threads pass over the rods g, which are used with the ordinary
running-back rods when such are employed; but they may be dispensed with.
The warp is now divided into two equal parts by passing each alternate yarn
over and the other under the dividing rod h. This rod is provided with a
disc hand catch h* to hold it vertical when the machine is at work, and to
allow it to lie horizontal when the warp is being divided. From the rod h
the warp passes to the single end heck or reed i, shewn detached in Fig. 4,
which is made with the space between the alternate dents closed by solder
or otherwise in two places, so as to leave a space for the yarn between them.
This reed is for taking the shed or single end lease in the open warp, and it
is moved up and down by the attendant, acting on the hand-wheel i¹ fixed on
the shaft i, to which are fixed pulleys with chains connected to the reed.
The yarn now passes through the hecks or reeds; and k, shewn detached in
Figs. 5 and 6; both these hecks or reeds are for taking the lease of any given
number of yarns or threads.
In the present instance the reed j is constructed to take twenty-five ends or
threads, and the reed k 19 ends or threads; but the numbers may be varied.
These reeds are also raised and lowered by chains, pulleys, cross shafts, and
hand-wheels as shewn. The reeds j and k are made of two rows of looped
wires, each row being fixed in the top and bottom stocks. When the
machine is at work the yarns pass through the open dents, as shewn in Fig. 1,
but in taking the lease the loops of the wires are brought together to hold the
yarns by means of racks fixed to the top and bottom stocks, gearing into
pinions fixed on the cross shafts and k¹; these shafts are supported in the
grooved guides l, which are connected by the cross shafts 11; these shafts are
suspended to the chains passing over pulleys, as shewn in Fig. 1. To the
shaft is also fixed a ratchet wheel j' provided with a relieving catch.
After the lease has been taken, the attendant by turning the ratchet wheel j³,

page_text: causes the top and bottom stocks to approach each other to release the warp,
which then passes through the reed m, see Fig. 7, one end of which is pro-
vided with a regulating screw m¹ for keeping the selvage of the warp in line
with the flange of the warp beam n. The reed is fixed at each end to a
bracket secured to the framing, but one of these brackets is capable of lateral
adjustment by a screw and nut, or other equivalent, to enable the reed to be
set diagonally when it is desirable to reduce the width of the warp at the
commencement of the beam. After the yarn has passed the reed m it is
taken over the guide roller n³, and between the two is a marking apparatus
of the usual construction; the shaft o of the marking apparatus is con-
nected to the axle of the measuring roller f by the side shafts p, and a
friction apparatus consisting of a weighted strap wound round each shaft is
applied to ensure accuracy of measurement and to give tension to the yarns.
The warp beam n is made with one fixed flange and one adjustable flange,
with a tightening screw and hoop, by which means the distance between the
flanges can be adjusted according to the number of yarns in the warp, or to
the width required. The lines q, Fig. 1, represent a portion of the warp,
which may be taken up and the ends secured to the reed m when the beam
required is of a less width or contains fewer threads or yarns than the full
width of the machine will admit of. By means of this improved machine the
whole number of yarns or threads can be wound from the bobbins at one
operation on to the warp beam, whereas it has heretofore been customary to
wind in sections, which is very. objectionable owing to the inequalities in the
lengths of the sections of the warp.
On Sheet 2, Fig. 8, is an elevation of our improvements applied to the
balling machine. r is a frame supporting three or other convenient number
of warp beams r¹, which are supported on antifriction rollers; s is a pillar
supporting the rollers s¹ for guiding the warps to the balling apparatus, con-
sisting of the framing t and spindle t¹, which are made as usual. The guide t¹
is made with three or other number of divisions corresponding to the number
of warp beams r, as shewn at Fig. 9. Each warp beam r² is provided with a
friction clip r fixed to a spindle, a stud from which is connected by a chain or
cord to the levers u, which are mounted on a stud in the pillar s. The friction
clips are held off the end of the warp beam by a spring. When either of
the warps requires to be checked, the attendant by acting on the corre-
sponding lever u draws the friction clip on to the end of the beam to retard
its delivery until the warps again progress uniformly towards the balling
apparatus. When a lever u has been operated upon to draw down a friction
clip, as described, it is held by a segmental rack.

page_text: As it is frequently necessary to employ different yarns or threads to make
the selvage or listing of the fabric, we apply an upright near each end of
the beams r; these uprights support any required number of bobbins v¹; the
yarns from which are taken with the warps from the top and bottom beams ¹
to form the list on each side of the complete warp wound on the balling
machine.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, we declare that we claim,-
First, the general combination and arrangement of the machine for
warping and beaming yarn or thread, as shewn and described in reference to
Figs. 1 and 2.
Secondly, the use of a double creel of a V form, as shewn and described.
Thirdly, the improved reed, with projecting dents at one or both sides to
facilitate the counting in, as shewn and described in reference to Fig. 3.
Fourthly, the use of the dividing rod marked h, as shewn and described.
Fifthly, the improved heck or reed, shewn in Fig. 4, having the space
between the alternate dents closed in two places, for the purpose described.
Sixthly, the improved heck or reed, shewn in Figs. 5 and 6, for taking the
lease as described.
Seventhly, the application of a regulating screw to the reed m, as shown in
Fig. 7, for setting the end dents to the width of the beam, as described.
Eighthly, the application of a regulating screw, to the reed m, for setting it
in a diagonal position for the purpose described.
Ninthly, the application of an adjustable flange to warp beams, as described.
Tenthly, the application of a friction apparatus to the side shaft p, as
described.
And, lastly, the general arrangement of the machine for balling warps
direct from one or more yarn beams, as shewn and described in reference to
Sheet 2.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joe Marshall Johnson and John
Buckley, have hereto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-third day
of December, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.