IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GETTING COAL IRONSTONE OR OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1884

page_text: We, THOMAS HUDSON and EDWARD ROWE both of Darlington in the County of
Durham Mechanical Engineers and CHRISTOPHER, HESLOP of Stanghow in the
County of York Mining Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GETTING COAL IRONSTONE OR OTHER
MINERALS" to be as follows :-
This invention has for its object to provide an apparatus by means of which
coal ironstone or other mineral can be split without the use of explosives. The
apparatus constructed according to the said Invention consists of a Cylinder
provided with a piston or ram the rod of which passes out of the said Cylinder
through a suitable packing. The outer end of the said rod is of a conical or
inclined formation and upon this are carried loose segments which will be opened
outwards when the rod is. moved longitudinally therein. The said loose segments
consist of shells that fit on to the wedge-formed end of the rod and are preferably so
shaped as to form a circle on their outside so as to fit the hole bored for their
reception, the thin ends of the said segments are placed at the thicker extremity
of the wedge-formed end of the rod and are inclined inversely to the said wedge
formed end As the rod is pulled forward by the Hydraulic piston on to the
inclination of the segments they are moved outwards or opened out by the action
of the wedge-formed end of the rod.
$
When the apparatus is to be used the end of the rod with the said segments
thereon is placed in a hole bored for the reception thereof and when fluid is passed
into the Cylinder (which may be effected by ordinary hydraulic means) the piston
or ram and the rod thereof are moved longitudinally so as to expand the segments
with great force against the sides of the hole and so split the coal ironstone or the
like being operated upon.
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.,
. Agent for Thomas Hudson, Edward Rowe,
and Christopher Heslop.

page_text: .
"
We THOMAS HUDSON and EDWARD ROWE both of Darlington in the County of
Durham Mechanical Engineers and CHRISTOPHER HESLOP of Stanghow in the
County of York Mining Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GETTING COAL IRONSTONE OR OTHER
MINERAL" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention has for its object to provide a simple and efficient apparatus for
splitting or getting coal ironstone or other mineral without the use of explosives.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood we will now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the a companying drawings in which like letters of reference are employed to
indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of our improved apparatus placed in position
in the seam of coal or other mineral ready to be brought into operation. Figure 2
is a plan of the said apparatus. Figure 3 is a transverse section taken along the
line xx Figure 2, and Figure 4 is a similar section taken along the line y. y
Figure 2. A is a cylinder provided with a piston or ram B suitably fitted to
receive hydraulic or other equivalent pressure the rod C. of the said piston passing
out of the cylinder A through a gland and packing (also suited for hydraulic or
other equivalent pressure) and is connected at its outer end to a rod E-The outer
end E' of this rod is tapered or conical with the larger part at the end, and upon
this conical portion E¹ of the rod are placed loose segments G tapered or inclined
internally to correspond to the conical or tapered form of the end E¹ of the rod E
so that by drawing the said end E¹ into the said loose segments G they are caused
to expand or are opened outwards. Upon the parallel portion E of the rod are
placed parallel segments F corresponding internally with the parallel part E of the
said rod, which segments when placed in their position abut against the segments G.
In order that the hydraulic cylinder A. may be arranged at a convenient distance from
the face of the coal or other mineral about to be split, we interpose between the end
of the said cylinder A and the outer ends of the extension or the loose segments F,
'distance pieces D, suitable bearing surfaces for the said distance pieces D and
segments being provided by flanges as shewn or otherwise-In operating with this
apparatus a hole is bored in the coal or other mineral to be split, large enough to
receive the rod E with the loose segments F, F and G G placed in position thereon,
the rod and segments having been inserted in the hole, fluid under pressure is admitted
into the cylinder A through the pipe J (which admittance of fluid may be effected
by ordinary hydraulic,means). The piston or ram B is by the pressure of the:
fluid forced back in the cylinder and the rod E has thereby a longitudinal motion
given to it whereby it is partly withdrawn from the hole whilst the segments F
and G are prevented from following the motion of the rod E by the reacting
pressure of the cylinder A conveyed to them through the distance pieces D,
consequently-the conical or inclined end E of the rod E is drawn into or between
the segments G causing them to move outwards or expand and exert great pressure
against the sides of the hole and thus split the coal, ironstone or the like being
operated upon-As the force exerted in splitting coal or the like by means of the
hereinbefore described apparatus is effected by a pulling action on the rod C, (the
operation performed being that of withdrawing the rod from the hole) it admits of
this rod being jointed to the rod E instead of being made in one therewith or
、

page_text: connected rigidly thereto as would be required if a thrusting motion were employed,
and this joint enables the apparatus to accommodate itself to inequalities of ground
or other circumstances calculated to throw the travel of the piston or ram B out
of line with the hole-It is obvious that the tapered rod E may be a continuation
of the piston rod C. instead of being jointed to it when so desired. The loose
segments F and G may be of any suitable form on their exterior but we prefer to
shape them so as to form a cylinder (as shewn clearly in Figures 3 and 4) to fit
the hole bored for their reception, or when opened out by the action of the wedged
shaped or tapered end of the rod E-The segments F are only required to convey
the reacting pressure of the cylinder end to the segments G and so to prevent
them from being pulled along by the tapered end of the rod E instead of being
expanded, and may therefore be separate as shown, or may form part of the
segments G.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is.―
1st In apparatus for getting coal ironstone or other mineral the employment of
a wedge shaped or tapered rod or bar jointed to or forming a continuation of the
piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder or its equivalent so that by applying pulling
force to the said rod or bar and transmitting the reacting pressure to loose
segments placed around the tapered end of the rod or bar these loose segments
expand or move outwards as the tapered rod or bar is drawn between them and
split the coal or the like substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
2nd The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the apparatus
for getting coal iron stone or other minerals as herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 21st day of October 1884.
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
Agent for the said Thomas Hudson,
Edward Rowe, and Christopher Heslop.