IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING COMPOUNDS & IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FILTERS FOR INDUSTRIAL & OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, CHARLES EDOUARD CHAMBERLAND doctor of sciences of 14 rue Vauquelin,
Paris France do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
FILTERING COMPOUNDS & IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FILTERS FOR INDUSTRIAL &
OTHER PURPOSES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The means hitherto employed for filtering water consist in the use of burned
brick powdered substances and other porous material. However efficient the named
substances may be for filtering purposes, yet they do not however retain germs or
microbes or extremely fine organisms which are in suspension in the water or other
liquid, such as in infected blood taken from an animal having died of splenic fever
or generally any blood infested with microbes.
Wines, vinegars and other like beverages have been subjected to a certain degree
of heat for the purpose of destroying any germs therein contained, because the
means hitherto devised are inefficient in retaining said germs by way of filtration.
My invention consists first of a compound to be used for filtering water, wines,
beverages and all liquids generally.
My invention consists second in the construction of a filter particularly mainly
intended for filtering in large quantities and more especially for industrial
purposes.
The compound is formed substantially of pipe clay or any other suitable clay and
porcelain earth or its equivalents hereinafter named. The clay is diluted in water
and then mixed with the porcelain earth or its equivalents. The porcelain earth is
ground or reduced to fine powder in any suitable mill, after having been previously
baked in any suitable kiln. The proportions are from 20 to 40 per cent of clay to
60 to 80 per cent of porcelain earth or its equivalents; they may however vary
more or less.
I wish it however to be understood that I do not limit myself to the above
named substances, for the same or very much the same result may be attained, by
using for instance silex, magnesia or its equivalents instead of porcelain earth.
The above described compound is preferably intended for filtering liquids under
pressure, owing to its being but porous to a small extent and for this purpose any

page_text: suitable filtering apparatus may be employed. I have however constructed the
hereinafter described apparatus particularly in view of obtaining a large number of
filtering bodies into a single chamber or space and of fixing the same therein by
improved means.
For domestic purposes, however, or in cases where pressure is not at hand for
filtering, I use a compound made as follows: I take from 60 to 80 per cent of
earthenware clay which I dilute in water and then mix therewith from 20 to 40
per cent of biscuit of the said clay, the said biscuit having been previously ground
or reduced. This last named compound can be used in any kind of filter and be
grouped and secured thereto in any desired number and manner.
The manufacture of the filtering bodies may be effected by casting, molding or
turning as in the manufacture of pottery ware.
The filtering body is then baked in a biscuit or other kiln in the usual way, the
temperature at which it is baked ranging from 1850 to 2400 degrees Fahrenheit.
A filtering body produced from the above compound is homogeneous and fulfils
the required conditions for filtering the hereinbefore named substances and thereby
obtaining the results herein mentioned.
The construction of the filter is shown in the six figures of the accompanying
drawing.
Fig. 1 is front elevation of the filter entirely mounted.
Fig. 2. is a plan thereof.
Fig. 3. is a vertical section of the cylinder, with its accessories, on a larger scale.
Fig. 4 is a partial top view of fig 3 and
Fig. 5 and 6 are details.
a is a cylinder closed at the top by a cover b and at the bottom by a cover c.
dis a plate fixed within the cylinder a it having holes for the passage of the
filtering bodies e of cylindrical or other suitable shape in cross section and having
swellings and nozzles g. The liquid to be filtered enters under pressure through
the nozzle h, fills the chamber a, filters through the bodies e, escapes through the
nozzles g thereof and falls upon the cover c whence it passes out of the filter through
a nozzle i.
In order to secure the bodies e, a disk ; provided with holes for the passage of
the nozzles g, presses the swellings f against the plate d by means of nuts kone
of which only is shown in fig. 3. is a screwed stud which forms part with the
plate d.
.
m is a soft rubber washer, for preventing leakages between the bodies e and the
plate d.
Into the upper cover b is an opening, which is closed by a nut n and by which
the inside of the filter may be inspected.
The filter is mounted on trunnions o, o carried by brackets p, p, fixed to a metal
or wooden plate q placed and fixed against a wall or erected in any other place. In
Fig. 1 the filter is in working position. The motion of the filter about its trunnions
oo is limited by projections r, which butt against the lower surface of the
brackets p, p when the filter is vertical and against the vertical outer surface of
the said brackets, when it is turned horizontal. The filter is turned horizontal in
order to have better access to the internal parts when it is desired to take the
bodies e apart or replace them. To this end, the lower cover c is removable; its
connexion to the cylinder a is effected by two hooks ss secured to the cover by
rivets t. The said hooks engage two nobs n n screwed through the cylinder a into
the plate d.
v is a cock fixed at x fig. 1 to the cylinder, for cleansing the filter when required.
The filtering bodies e are made of two parts, one of which, the cylindrical upper
part, is formed of the herein before described compound and according to the herein-
before described process whilst the other, the lower part, i.e. the swelling f and its
nozzle g are made of crockery-ware or any other suitable non-porous material.
The lower portion of the upper part is let into the top of the swelling and is
luted in any appropriate manner.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First the use, for filtering purposes, of a compound formed of pipe clay and
porcelain earth or of equivalents of these substances as hereinbefore described,
combined as and in the proportions set forth, the said compound being baked
substantially as herein set forth.
Second the use for filtering purposes, of a compound formed of earthenware
clay and biscuit of the said clay, as herein before described, combined as and in the
proportions set forth, the said compound being baked substantially as herein set
forth.
Third the construction of the apparatus for filtering liquids generally, par-
ticularly intended for filtering under pressure, comprising a cylinder or holder a,
a fixed upper cover b, a removable cover c secured by the means herein before
described, a plate d, a disk j and filtering bodies e of any desired shape in cross
section, pressed against the plate d by means of the disk j nuts k and screw threaded
studs, substantially as described.