IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mark Smith, of Heywood, in the County of Lan-
caster, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 20th August 1858, and dated the 12th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Mark Smith, at the Office
of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1858.
I, MARK SMITH, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING;" to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to those looms in which three or more shuttles
are employed, and consists in applying two chains thereto, one of which acts
in combination with a rising and falling finger to govern the number of picks
to be thrown with each shuttle, and the other acts on an elbow lever to govern
the position of the drop box, or other box in which the shuttles are contained.*
The chain barrels are driven by intermittent wheels, and a sliding box with a?
pin, for entering into the notches of the intermittent wheels, or other suitable
mechanism, is provided to bring the chain by which the shuttle box is governed
into operation if required.
9
When a shuttle box' with several compartments is applied at each end of

page_text: the loom, another chain or tappet, acting on a sliding bar in communication
with a diagonal shaft, is required to regulate the picking motion.
Another part of my Invention consists in moving the heddle roller shaft by
a stud on a second motion wheel, giving motion to a lever acting on a slot
lever fixed to the heddle roller shaft; by this means the requisite dwell can
be given to the heddles. The picking shaft is moved up and down, to bring
the picking peg in contact with or beyond the reach of the picking stud by
excentrics on the shaft of the heddle roller acting on levers connected to the
picking shafts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Mark Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARK
SMITH, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Mark Smith, Her special licence that I, the said Mark Smith, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Mark
Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS-IN-LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Mark
Smith, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Mark Smith, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The nature of my Invention consists,-
First, in the application of two endless chains to those looms in which three
or more shuttles are employed, one of which chains is made to govern or
regulate the number of picks to be thrown with each shuttle, and the other
chain to govern or regulate the position of the drop box or other box in which
the shuttles are contained.
Secondly, in applying to looms having a shuttle box with several compart-
ments at each end a chain to regulate the picking motion in combination with
the two chains above referred to.
Thirdly, in an improved mode of giving motion to the heddle roller shaft.
And, lastly, in an improved mode of giving motion to the picking shafts of
those looms in which the picking peg is fixed to a diagonal shaft for the
purpose of bringing the picking peg in a line with or beyond the reach of the
picking stud.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying three
Sheets of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon. :
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is an end view, and Fig. 2 is a back view of a loom
for weaving silk goods, to which the first of my improvements is applied. I.
wish to remark here, that these improvements are equally applicable for
weaving cotton, woollen, or other descriptions of goods.
a is the crank shaft; b, the tappet shaft; c, the connecting links for giving
motion to the lay or batten c¹, at one end of which is the drop box d, having,
in this instance, three compartments for shuttles. This drop box is raised and
lowered in the ordinary manner, by the endless chain of tappets e acting on
the elbow lever f, to the horizontal arm of which is jointed the lower end
of the link f, the upper end being connected to the drop box d. The parts
above enumerated, and all the others required to complete the loom, but
which are not particularly referred to hereafter, are made in any approved
manner.
My present improvements consist in the application of the chain g; which has
flat links, some perforated and others blank, by means whereof the motion of
the chain e is governed or regulated. The chain e passes over the barrel e¹,
which is fixed to the intermittent wheel e², and the chain 9 passes over the
barrel g', fixed to the same shaft as the intermittent wheel g²; these parts are

page_text: shewn best in the detached Figs. 3 and 4. Both the above intermittent
wheels are turned round by the pin h projecting from the sliding box h¹, which
moves laterally on the tappet shaft b; to this shaft is fixed the disc i, through
which the pin h passes, and to which is cast or fixed the rim for locking or
steadying the intermittent wheels. The pin h², see Fig. 3, is to guide the
sliding box h¹, and the angle piece h³ fixed in the sliding box is to steady the
pin h and to form the continuation of the rim ; to the front of the disk i is
fixed the projection 2, which acts against the bowl j connected to the lever j¹,
and moves this lever to and from the loom side. The lever is fixed to the
same shaft as the feeler j³, consequently, when the lever j¹ is moved from the
loom side by the projection the feeler is raised, and both the lever and
feeler are drawn back by the spring when the projection 2 has passed beyond
the-bowl j. The mode of operation is as follows:-When the parts are in the
positions shewn in the Drawing the feeler 2 is raised by the projection acting
on the bowl j, and the pin h, which passes through the disc i, is held in position
for giving motion to the intermittent wheel g². As soon as this wheel has been
moved, and the projection. has passed beyond the reach of the bowl j, the
spring draws the feeler downwards; if the link of the chain g, against
which the feeler is drawn, is a blank, the downward motion of the feeler is.
arrested, and the sliding box hand pin h resume their former positions,
consequently, at the next revolution of the tappet shaft the intermittent wheel
9 is again acted upon by the pin h, and a fresh link of the chain g is brought
under the feeler; if this link is perforated the feeler enters the perforation, and
at the same time the sliding box h¹ being moved by the lever j¹ causes the pin
h to pass sufficiently through the disc i to impart motion to the intermittent
wheel e, and as this wheel gives motion to the tappet chain e, it is evident
that by moving the wheel e a fresh tappet is-brought into action on the elbow
lever f; thereby raising or lowering the drop box d. From the foregoing
description it will be apparent that the chain-g is moved forward one-link for
every revolution of the tappet shaft b, but that the chain e is only moved
forward a link every time that a perforated link of the chain 9 comes under
the feeler ; the object and effect of this combination of the two chains is to
be able to produce a very great variety of patterns with a comparatively-short
tappet chain..
In Sheet 2, Fig. 5 is an end view, and Fig. 6 a back view of a loom for
weaving Scotch carpets and fancy woollens; Fig. 7 is a plan of part of the
same loom, which illustrates the second of my improvements; as many of the
parts in these views are similar to those shewn in Sheet 1 they are marked.

page_text: with corresponding letters of reference; in the present instance the loom.is.
furnished with two drop boxes marked d and d', each of which is put in motion
so as to bring the required shuttle in a line with the shuttle race by an endless
tappet chain e, and the motion of this chain is governed or regulated, as before
described, by means of a chain g; these chains e and 9 are required at each end
of the loom, and in combination with them I also employ the tappet chain N, to.
regulate the picking motion, in the manner described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me and to Luke Smith and Matthew Smith, on the
Fourteenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one. The
tappet chain e acts on a bowl projecting from the lever f, shewn also in Fig. 7,
which is in connection with the drop box .d or d by means of the link f
lever f³, and link f¹, in the usual manner; the chain g is made to govern the
action of the chain e in the following manner :-To the crank shaft a is fixed
a spur wheel a', and a tappet a², which at every revolution of the crank shaft
raises the feeler ja fixed in the lever j", whose fulcrum is at j; near the end of
the lever is a curved slot fitting on a stud projecting from the sliding bark.
this bar is guided at one end by a bracket fixed to the framing, and at the other
by the stud of the wheel 2, which is driven by the wheel a¹; to the wheel:
, see Fig. 7, is fixed an incline acting when required. on the bowl k³ connected
to the bar k; the wheel has a pink for giving motion to the. intermittent
wheel, and it is moved laterally on the stud k³, so as to bring the said pin
into or out of gear with the wheel e by the curved slot in the lever.j. When
the lever has been raised by the tappet as it drops again by its own weight
or by the action of the spring k, and if the link of the chain g, against which
the feeler descends, has a hole in it, the feeler passes through the said hole
and allows the lever ¹ to be lowered until the curved slot acting on the stud
in the bark, moves the said bar towards the stud k¹, thereby bringing the bowl
;
in a line with the incline on the wheel ; by this means, when this wheel in
revolving brings the incline against the bowl k³, the wheel is moved laterally
sufficiently to move the pin. into position for taking into the notches of the
intermittent wheel e²; as soon as the wheel has been thus acted upon, a
freshi tappet of the chain e causes the drop box d to rise or fall, and the
wheel is then pressed back to its original position by the spring k³, see
Fig. 7. The intermittent 93 is worked by a pin in the wheel a¹, there-
fore, in the present arrangement, a fresh link of the chain g is brought
forward at every revolution of the crank shaft, but the chain e is only moved
when a hole in the chain.g allows the lever to descend, as described above.
At the right-hand side of Eigs. 6 and 7 I have shewn how the tappet chain

page_text: N is worked; the wheel a' has a pin a fixed in its face and another pin as
fixed to the flange of the locking rim a', see Fig. 7; the pin a works the
intermittent wheel 9, and the pin a works the intermittent wheel N';
both these intermittent wheels are loose on the same stud; the chain N acts
on the bowl N2 of the lever N³, to which is suspended the link N jointed to
the long lever N³, one end of which is connected to the picking shaft E and
the other end to the shaft F; these shafts have projecting fingers which are
acted upon by studs on the fly wheels on the crank shaft, consequently, when
one of the said fingers is in position for being acted upon, the other is beyond
the reach of the stud. The chain N is moved forward one link at each
revolution of the crank shaft, and the links are put together so as to alter the
position of the long lever No when required; by this means the shuttles can be
thrown across the shed in the desired succession to produce the pattern in
the manner described in the Specification above referred to. The machinery
for shedding is made on the jacquard principle, or in any other approved
manner.
On Sheet 3, Fig. 8 is an end view of a loom to which my improved mode
of giving motion to the heddle motion shaft and picking shaft is applied. a is
the crank shaft to which is fixed a pinion m gearing into the second motion
wheel n; in this wheel is a stud to which is suspended the link o, jointed below
to the lever p, whose fulcrum is at p', the outer end of this lever is furnished
with a bowl taking into the slot lever q this slot lever is fixed to the heddle
roller shaft q', to which are fixed the heddle rollers 92 and 3, see Fig. 9,
connected in the usual manner to the heddles, . It is evident that when
the loom is at work the vibrating motion of the lever p imparts an oscillating
motion to the shaft q', and this motion imparts a slow motion to the heddles at
the top and bottom of the stroke, and a rapid motion near the centre, thereby
obtaining the requisite dwell, when the shed is open, for the passage of the
shuttle. I also impart the requisite motion in the direction of their axes to
the picking shafts E, by means of tappets * on the heddle roller shaft q' each
of these tappets acts on a lever s which vibrates on a stud s¹ and takes into a
groove on the said picking shaft, thereby bringing the picking peg in contact
with or beyond the reach of the picking stud on the fly wheel, as above
described:
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the application of the two endless chains marked e and g to looms in
which three or more shuttles are employed for the purposes described, or the

page_text: application of any other description of chain for governing the motion of the
tappet chain e, as shewn and described in reference to Sheet 1.
Secondly, the combination of the chains marked e, g, and N, as shewn and
described with reference to Sheet 2.
Thirdly, the improved mode of working the heddle roller shaft, as shewn
and described in reference to Figs. 8 and 9.
And, lastly, the improved mode of giving motion to the picking shaft, as
shewn and described in reference to Fig. 8.
In witness whereof. I, the said Mark Smith, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Tenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
MARK SMITH Gol
MARK SMITH (1.9.)