IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND IN THE ARRANGE- MENT OF THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hunter Annandale, of the Polton Paper Works,
Lasswade, in the County of Edinburgh, North Britain, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND IN THE ARRANGE-
MENT OF THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR.'
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hunter Annandale at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1878.
JAMES HUNTER ANNANDALE, of the Polton Paper Works, Lasswade, in the
County of Edinburgh, North Britain.. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
The objects of my Invention are,-
First. To convert pulp into paper without pressure:
And, Secondly. To dry the paper with far less pressure than has hitherto been
employed in existing paper making machinery.
In carrying my Invention into effect I dispense entirely with the upper "couch"
roller, and convert the lower "couch" roller into a simple wire-driving roll. An
additional vacuum chamber may if necessary be formed under the upper surface of
the ordinary wire roll over which the pulp passes.
The pulp is fed on to the endless wire roll in the ordinary manner, and after
passing over the first vacuum box under the "dandy" roller, and then over one or
more vacuum boxes, travels direct without the assistance of the "couch
roller on
»
to an endless web of any suitable material under, which one or more vacuum boxes
may be placed. The paper then passes between the only set of press rolls necessary,
round both of which felts work, and in its semi-dry state it then passes to the drying
cylinders in the ordinary.way..
In order to render these felts more absorbent of moisture when in contact with the
paper they may be passed over a drying cylinder.

page_text: Among the advantages of my Invention are the following:-
First. The endless wire on which the paper is made will last much longer than at
present and may be of a much finer mesh, thus reducing the waste of the materials
of which the pulp is composed.
Secondly. By doing away with the direct pressure upon the material in its pulpy
state the paper will be of increased bulk.
Thirdly. The same advantage of "bulking" will also be gained by the mode
already described of working the press rolls.
Fourthly. The objectionable wire mark on the under side of the paper will be
entirely removed, and thus when brought to the end of the machine the ultimate
process of glazing will be much facilitated.
And, Fifthly. My Invention will sensibly increase the strength of the paper.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Hunter Annandale in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th November 1878.
JAMES HUNTER ANNANDALE, of the Polton Paper Works, Lasswade, in the
County of Edinburgh, North, Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
.
"
The objects of my Invention are,—
Firstly. To convert pulp into paper without subjecting it when in a wet and
pulpy state to the pressure undergone in passing under a heavy "couch ".roller.
Secondly. To dry the paper with far less pressure than has hitherto been employed
in the existing paper making machinery.
In carrying my Invention into effect I dispense entirely with the upper "couch
roller, and convert the lower "couch" roller into a simple wire-driving roll.
"
In order more effectually to remove the moisture without pressure and give the
paper the required coherance the wire space gained by the abolition of the upper
'couch" roller may if necessary be utilized by putting an additional vacuum
chamber under the upper surface of the endless wire gauze web on which the pulp
is first deposited.
The pulp is fed on to the endless wire gauze web in the ordinary manner, and
after passing over the first vacuum box under the dandy roller, and then over one
or more vacuum chambers, it travels direct without the assistance of the "couch "
rollers on to an endless web of any suitable material, under which one or more
vacuum boxes may be placed.
In order still further to extract the moisture which may remain the paper then
passes between the only set of press rolls necessary, round one or both of which felts
work, and in its semi-dry state it passes on to the drying cylinders in the ordinary
way.

page_text: To render these felts more absorbent of moisture when in contact with the paper
they may be passed over vacuum chambers or a drying cylinder.
Among the advantages of my Invention are the following:-
First. The endless wire gauze web on which the paper is made will last much
longer through there being no tension and not being required to carry a heavy
"couch" roller as at present, and it may be of a much finer mesh, thus causing the
pulp to retain the finer particles and reduce to a minimum the waste of the materials
of which the pulp is composed.
Secondly. By doing away with the direct pressure upon the material when in its
pulpy state the paper will be of greater strength, the fibres being interlaced by the
action of the "shake," and not being crushed by the "couch" roller, the "water-
mark" will be more distinct and the paper of greatly increased bulk through having
undergone no direct pressure.
Thirdly. The same advantage of "bulking" will also be gained by the mode
already described of working the press rolls.
Fourthly. The objectionable wire mark on the under side of the paper will be
entirely removed (this being caused by the pressure of the upper "couch" roller),
thereby dispensing with the 2nd set of press rolls used for smoothing away
these marks, and the ultimate process of glazing will be greatly facilitated, and
my Invention will sensibly decrease the cost of production.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in whạt manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the improvements in the manu-
facture of paper, and in the arrangement of the machinery or apparatus therefor, as
herein-before described.
4
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hunter Annandale, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Eighth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-eight.
JA³. H. ANNANDALE. (L.S.)