IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE AND OTHER CERAMIC MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MANUFACTURING ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE AND OTHER CERAMIC MATERIALS,
AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."-A com-
munication from Madame Senèque.
Sealed the 22nd May 1857, and dated the 30th December 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at tho Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th December 1856.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE AND OTHER
CERAMIC MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
(communicated to me by Madame Seneque, a foreigner residing abroad), to
be as follows:-
"
This Invention consists in a method of and machinery for moulding articles
of earthenware or other ceramic materials, in which a reciprocating action
templet carrier or counter mould, and a revolving matrix or mould carrier are
employed.
The mould is made to revolve rapidly and to stop instantaneously, and the
counter mould has a reciprocating vertical action regulated to precede and

page_text: follow the formation of the article. The mould is set in action by the slipping
of a driving strap from a loose to a fast pulley, the workman's hands being left
free. And the Invention further consists in the employment of expansible
counter moulds, applicable for moulding articles with curved or belly sides.
In the machinery employed to carry this Invention into effect, the driving
shaft, (which is grooved throughout its length,) is supported in framework, and
carries a fast and loose pulley, and by means of suitable gearing imparts motion
to a vertical shaft stepped in the framework and supported at top in a collar.
The lower part of the shaft is provided with sockets, and carries driving bands,
through which motion is communicated to a number of vertical shafts by
means of fast and loose pulleys (separated by a collar, on which the bands are
A
guided by means of spring treadles connected with the framework.
stretching roller may be employed to keep the straps distended if they should
become slackened. The vertical shafts just referred to revolve at bottom in a
socket, and each carries a bed or table, in which are grooves, in which blocks
travel, intended to keep the moulds on the tables. These blocks differ in shape
and dimension, according to the moulds they are intended to receive, and aro
fixed in the grooves by screws, whereby their distance is regulated. The hori
zontal driving shaft is also in gear with a transverse shaft, supported in the
framework, and carrying cams, which actuate levers, which in turn communicate
motion to vertical spindles on which the templets are fixed. The cams are so
contrived as to keep the levers in a state of rest during a half revolution, so
that the templet may remain in the mould as long as needful for the formation
of the cup or other article. The extent of movement is regulated by guide
slots in the standards which carry the levers. The templet carrier shafts travel
in guides, and rest on springs, for rendering the action casy. The templet
carrier shafts terminate at top in nuts, in which work screws which carry the
templets, and which aro tightened by collars.
over the grooved tables, before referred to.
pulleys are connected to the framework of the machine and of the templet
carrier shafts, to keep the shafts at the top of their stroke, when desired, with-
out stopping the driving shaft. There is a fly wheel to regulate the action of
the machine. The transverse shaft before referred to carries another excentric,
which acts on a lever working a rod jointed to a forked lever, by which means
the expansible counter mould is opened out. This lever is suspended to a
slotted bracket, the position of which may be regulated to suit the height of
the article to be moulded.
The position of these screws is
Weighted cords passing over
The expansible templet consists in a number of ribs forming the body,
jointed to a bottom piece and connected by jointed arms to a collar on a

page_text: central stem, which is fixed at bottom in a socket in the bottom plate, and is
screw-threaded at top, where it is fitted to the threaded shaft of the templet
carrier. The collar is provided with screws or studs, which are acted on by
the forked lever, which thus communicates action to the ribs, which are
restored to position by a spring fitted between the collar and the bottom socket
after the pressing action of the lever. Burnishing pieces are fixed to the
templet in grooves, and calibres are screwed to it for giving the internal
form.
Another expansible mould is constructed of india-rubber or other flexible
material, and provided with an air chamber with flexible sides and rigid top
and bottom, into which air is admitted through a tap or valve, and from which
it is ejected in a compressed state into the body of the templet. A stem passes
upwards through the templet, being screwed into a socket at bottom, and con-
nected at top to the threaded shaft of the templet carrier. In grooves in this
stem rods or ribs travel, being connected at top to a collar fitted round the
stem, and formed with a projecting part on which the forked lever acts, thence
acting on the ribs and imparting motion to them, the ribs being restored to
position by means of a spring after the pressure of the lever; on the ribs are
collars or projecting parts, which work the top of the air chamber up and
down. Calibres for giving the inside form to the article to be manufactured;
and burnishers for polishing it, are fixed outside the templet. Jointed rods
are connected at one end to the stem, and at the other to the burnishers and
calibro pieces, these also assist the return of the air into its chamber, which is
further facilitated by cords, which are fastened to the sockets and to eyes in the
templet. A flexible top piece covers in the collar and spring to prevent escape
of air.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman, in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th June, 1857...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, tho said
Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard

page_text: Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE AND OTHER
CERAMIC MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
(communicated to me by Madame Senèque, a foreigner residing abroad), upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the naturo of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in a method of and machinery for moulding articles
of earthenware or other ceramic materials, in which a reciprocating action
templet carrier or counter mould, and a revolving matrix or mould carrier are
employed.
The mould is made to revolve rapidly and to stop instantaneously, and the
counter mould has a reciprocating vertical action regulated to precede and
follow the formation of the article. The mould is set in action by the slipping
of a driving strap from a loose to a fast pulley, the workman's hands being left
free.
And the Invention further consists in the employment of expansible counter
moulds, applicable for moulding articles with curved or belly sides.
The Drawings hereunto annexed represent the manner in which this
Invention is carried into effect; Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 being views of an
apparatus, by means of which the mould is made to revolve and the counter
mould to receive a reciprocating vertical motion, as before mentioned.
Figure 1 is an end elevation, Figure 2 a side view, Figure 3 a
Figure 4 a plan, at the height of the upper part of the framework.
A, A, is the framework; B, a driving shaft, grooved throughout its length
plan, and

page_text: and supported by the bearings C, C, attached to the framework; D is a fly
wheel, which regulates the motion of the shaft B; E, E, are a fast and a loose
pulley on the same shaft, having a washer or collar between them; these
pullies are for putting the machine into and out of action. F is a bevil wheel
on the shaft B, which wheel gives motion to the bevil pinion G, which is con-
nceted with the wheel H; this wheel is toothed round its periphery and gears
into an intermediate horizontal toothed wheel I, which gives motion to the cor-
responding wheel J on the vertical shaft K, which steps in the socket i. This
shaft K carries a drum or frame L, round which bands, belts, or chains M,M,
pass; these give motion to the several vertical shafts O, O, by means of the
fixed and moveable pullies P, P. A pressure roller or pulley may be applied
to the bands or chains M, M, in order to increase their tension should they
become slack. Each of the vertical shafts 0, 0, carries a circular revolving
plate Q, in which is made four slots or grooves, in which the adjustable holders
or chucks R, R, may be fixed, as required, to hold the various moulds firmly
while they are made to rotate. These chucks R, R, are of various shapes and
sizes, as may be required for different moulds, and are fixed at any given dis-
tances apart by screws. S is a bevil wheel on the shaft B, gearing into the
bevil wheel T, which is keyed upon the transverse shaft U, supported in
bearings V, V. The shaft B carries two excentrics X, X, and the shaft U
carries another; these excentrics give motion to the lovers Y, Y, Y, in such
manner that the latter are at rest during one half the time the shafts B and
U are rotating, in order that the counter moulds, the vertical carriers of which
a, a, are worked by the levers Y, Y, may remain the necessary time in the
moulds. The levers Y, Y, are centred upon the supports Z, Z, in such manner
that the extent of the motion of the levers Y, Y, and therefore of the carriers
or rods a, a, is regulated. These carriers or rods are guided by the guides b, b,
and come, when reaching their lowest positions, against springs at their lower
ends,. in order that their action may be easy and free from shocks. Pressure
screws and plates are used to bear against the rods a, a, in order to impede
the motion of these rods through the guides 6, 6, if necessary. The rods a, a,
are furnished at top with nuts or heads d, d, and screws d', d', working within
them. To these screws d', d', are screwed the counter moulds immediately
over the moulds. e, e, are wheels or jam nuts, which screw down upon the
hollow heads or nuts d, d, and fix the screws d', d, in the required positions ;
9, 9, are metal plates, against which the rods or carriers a, a, slide; f.f, are
chains, which pass from a shackle upon the rods a, a, each over two pullies
fixed at a suitable height above the apparatus, and have attached to their other
ends cointerpoises, serving to keep them always extended. At the same end

page_text: of each there is also a hook, which may be hooked into a hook or an eye in
the framework when it is required to keep the counter mould and its carrier
up out of action without stopping the machine. h, h, are tension and friction
rollers or pulleys; i, i, are sockets, in which the lower ends of the vertical
shafts o,o, are stepped. Bearings or collars receive the upper ends of these shafts
immediately beneath the chucks. m is a band or belt, for receiving and trans-
mitting motion from any suitable prime mover; n is a semi-circular excentric,
mounted on the transverse shaft U and giving motion to a lever
which moves
at intervals a rod r attached to a forked lever t. The rod is made adjustable
at the lower end, so that the forked lever t'may have more or less motion, as
desired, imparted to it. The lever t is used to open the jointed or expansible
counter mould v, and is carried near the middle of it by a stirrup u, which
is itself carried by the rod or carrier shaft a, and in which stirrup the lever t
is adjustable as to height, in order that it may be adapted to the required
height, which varies with the kind of article that is to be moulded.
I
Figures 5, 6, and 7, respectively represent a sectional elevation, a plan, and
plan section of an expansible counter mould constructed according to this
Invention, and shown in Figure 5, with one side extended and the other
closed. T is a central shaft, carrying at its upper end a screw, by which it is
fixed to the carrier shaft or rod of the counter mould. This shaft T is fixed
to the bottom piece of the counter mould, which carries the elastic portion J
(formed of caoutchouc or other suitable material) by means of a screw, which
forms part of the said bottom piece. E, E, are metal arms, connected at one
end to the elastic cover J, and at the other to the tubular slide U, which slides
upon the shaft T. This slide U and with it the arms E, E, are worked by the
forked lever of the machine first described. Y is a helical spring for restoring
the slide to its position when the counter mould has completed its pressure
and the forked lever will allow it to act, and for keeping it in its place while
tho ascending and descending movements of the counter mould are made; Z is
a reservoir of air. This reservoir has a rigid top and bottom and expansible
sides; from it air is compressed into the interior of the flexible counter mould
and through the passage B when the upper side of the reservoir is forced down
towards the lower side. A is a cock or valve, through which air enters the
reservoir Z. The counter mould J is furnished at intervals with supporting
ribs, and with the burnishers N, N, for smoothing and polishing the interiors of
the articles made as the mould rotates after the counter mould and shaping
pieces N', N', have given internal form to the articles. H, H, are cords con-
nected similarly to the rods E, E, and serving to draw in the expansible portion
of the counter mould when the latter is closed, and thus force the air back into

page_text: the reservoir Z; C is a grooved collar, by means of which the slide U is con-
nected to the upper side of the reservoir Z; m is a flexible ring, which may
be in one with the flexible cover J, and which connects the upper edge of the
counter mould with the under side of the reservoir Z; X is an elastic case of
caoutchouc or other suitable material, connecting the top of the reservoir Z
with the upper end of the shaft T, for rendering the upper portion of the
apparatus air-tight.
A simpler form of counter mould is shewn in Figures 8, 9, and 10, of which
Figure 8 is a plan view; Figure 9, a view of the under side; and Figure 10 an
elevation, half in section. J is an upright shaft, screw-threaded at top to con-
nect it with the counter mould carrier or rod, before described, the two being
coupled by a screwed box or otherwise. This shaft is screwed to a bottom
piece, on to which the lower plate E is screwed. O, O, are hinges, which con-
nect the plates E with the ribs F, F; N are jointed or articulated radial rods,
connecting the plates E, E, with the slide M on the shaft J; the slide M is
furnished with screws M', the projecting portions of which are embraced by
the forked arms of the lever before described, and communicate a reciprocating
vertical motion from them to the counter mould, as required. L is a helical
spring, which returns. the slide M to its normal position after the pressure of
the counter mould is completed, and thus draws in the ribs F of the counter
mould; G, G, are shaping pieces, for giving form to the inside of the article
as the mould rotates; and H, HI, are burnishers, for smoothing and polishing
the interiors of the articles, these burnishers acting similarly to the shaping
picces G, G.
Figure 11 is a side view, half in section, Figure 12 a view of the upper side
(supposing it to be attached to its carrier), and Figure 13 a view of the under
side of a counter mould, suitable for being employed in the manufacture of
covers for tureens or other articles. S is a cross bar, in which is formed a
threaded eye for fixing it to the screw d¹ of the counter mould carrier; P, P,
is the body of the counter mould; Q, Q, are shaping pieces; and R, R, are
the polishers, fixed to P, P, and serving the purpose already described in
reference to the other counter moulds.
Figure 14 is a side view, half in section, Figure 15 is a view of the upper
side, and Figure 16 a view of the under side, of a counter mould, suitable for
being employed in the manufacture of tureens or other articles. D is a cross
bar with a boss, through which is formed a threaded eye for fixing it to the
screw d of the counter mould carrier; A, A, is the body of the counter mould;
B. B, are the shaping pieces; and C, C, the polishers, fixed to A, A.

page_text: And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claini,-
First, the method of and machinery or apparatus for manufacturing articles
of earthenware and other ceramic materials, whereby the moulds employed are
made to rotate rapidly, and the counter moulds to ascend and descend verti-
'cally, in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described, and
represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Second, the manufacture of flexible or expansible and collapsible counter
moulds, as herein-before described, and represented in the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-seven.
RA. BROOMAN. (L.S.)