IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING AND FACING BRIGHT SCREW NUTS, AND FOR FACING SOCKETS FOR Tubing
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Whitley, of Smethwick, in the County
of: Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SHAPING AND FACING BRIGHT SCREW NUTS, AND FOR FACING
SOCKETS FOR Tubing.”
•
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Whitley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th November 1875.
I, BENJAMIN WHITLEY, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING AND FACING BRIGHT SCREW
NUTS, AND FOR FACING SOCKETS FOR TUBING," to be as follows
•
My said Invention consists of the mechanical arrangements or com-
binations of parts of machinery herein-after described for shaping and
facing bright screw nuts, and for facing sockets for tubing, that is,
machinery for shaping or turning the sides of hexagonal, octagonal, or

page_text: other screw nuts, and for facing the tops and bottoms of and for boring
or turning the hole in the said screw nuts, and for facing sockets for
tubing.
My improved machinery for shaping or turning the sides or planes
of the said screw nuts is constructed essentially as follows:-A ring-like
chuck, to which rotatory motion is given, carries a mandril, the said
mandril crossing the said ring-like chuck as a diameter. One end of
the mandril is angular and seats itself in a hole on one side of the
chuck, while the other end is free, and on the free end the two or more
nuts to be operated upon are placed and fixed by a screw nut screwed
on the end of the mandril. A centre in the same line as the mandril
works in the opposite side of the ring, and when two nuts have been
put in the mandril the said centre is made to approach and engage in
the end of the mandril.
The approach of the centre is effected by a ring working in the chuck,
the said ring having an excentric or curved incline which when the said
ring is turned in one direction acts with a wedge-like action on the
outer end of the centre and forces it inwards. When the said ring is
moved in the other direction it releases the centre. The said centre may
now be removed from the end of the mandril and the mandril raised by :
a spring.
In using this machinery two or more nuts are placed on the mandril
and fixed so that the faces to be operated upon are in a plane at right
angles to the axis of rotation of the chuck. The chuck is put into
motion and the turning tool carried by a slide rest is brought to the
rotating nuts and turns or shapes one face of each. The nuts being
turned through the required angle another set of faces is operated
upon, and so on until all the sides of the nuts have been operated upon.
Instead of turning the chuck by a lathe spindle it may be carried by
and work in an annular fram, and motion may be communicated to it
by a band or toothed gearing engaging with teeth on the periphery
of the chuck. In this arrangement, which is best suited for large nuts,
opposite sides of the nuts may be operated upon simultaneously, turning
tools being made to approach the mandril simultaneously on opposite
sides.
My improved machinery for turning the top and bottom faces of the

page_text: is supported in a ring-like chuck by means of two angular holders made
to approach each other simultaneously and hold the nut or socket firmly
by inclines of the kind herein-before described. Turning tools approach
on either side simultaneously and turn or shape both faces of the nut or
socket at the same time.
The boring or turning of the hole in which the screw thread is to be
cut is effected by means of a cylindrical fixed cutter or drill passed
through the nut and supported at its fore end by a centre. The nut
being made to rotate on the cutter the cutter advances through it, or
the nut advances upon the cutter. The hole in the nut is thus turned
or shaped, and by the action of a shoulder on the cutter the slight
expansion required in the hole at the upper face of the nut is produced.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Benjamin Whitley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
WHITLEY, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Benjamin Whitley, Her special
license, that I, the said Benjamin Whitley, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Benjamin Whitley,.my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others; from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING AND FACING BRIGHT SCREW NUTS,
AND FOR FACING SOCKETS FOR TUBING," upon the condition (amongst others)´
that I, the said Benjamin Whitley, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and

page_text: али
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Whitley, do hereby declare
tlic nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :—
My said Invention consists of the mechanical arrangements or com-
binations of parts of machinery herein-after described for shaping and
facing bright screw nuts, and for facing sockets for tubing, that is,
machinery for shaping or turning the sides-of hexagonal, octagonal, or
other screw nuts, and for facing the tops and bottoms of screw nuts
and sockets for tubing, and for boring or turning the holes in the said
screw nuts.
My improved machinery for shaping or turning the sides or planes
of the said screw nuts is constructed essentially as follows:-A ring-like
chuck, to which rotatory motion is given, carries a mandril, the said
mandril crossing the said ring-like chuck as a diameter. One end of
the mandril is angular and seats itself in a hole on one side of the
chuck, while the other end is free, and on the free end the two or more
nuts to be operated upon are placed and fixed by a screw nut screwed
on the end of the mandril. A centre in the same line as the mandril
works in the opposite side of the ring, and when two nuts have been
put on the mandril the said centre is made to approach and engage in
the end of the mandril.
The approach of the centre is effected by a ring working in the chuck,
the said ring having an eccentric or curved incline which, when the said
ring is turned in one direction acts with a wedge-like action on the
outer end of the centre and forces it inwards. When the said ring is
moved in the other direction it releases the centre. The said centre may
now. be removed from the end of the mandril and the mandril raised by
a spring.
In using this machinery two or more nuts are placed on the mandril
and fixed so that the faces to be onerated unon or in a. nlong at right

page_text: angles to the axis of rotation of the chuck. The chuck is put into
motion and the turning tool carried by a slide rest is brought to the
rotating nuts and turns or shapes one face of each. The nuts being
brought through the required angle another set of faces is operated
upon, and so on until all the sides of the nuts have been operated
upon.
Instead of turning the chuck by a lathe spindle it may be carried by
and work in an annular frame, and motion may be communicated to it
by a band or toothed gearing engaging with teeth on the periphery
of the chuck. In this arrangement, which is best suited for large nuts,.
opposite sides of the nuts may be operated upon simultaneously, turning
tools being made to approach the mandril simultaneously on opposite
sides.
My improved machinery for turning the top and bottom faces of the
nut or socket is constructed essentially as follows:-The nut or socket
is supported in a ring-like chuck by means of two angular holders made
to approach each other simultaneously and hold the nut or socket firmly
by inclines of the kind herein-before described. Turning tools approach
on either side simultaneously, and turn or shape both faces of the nut
or socket at the same time.
The hole in the screw nut may be bored or turned by the use of the
said machinery.
The machinery may also be used for turning the faces of sockets for
tubing.
. Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in transverse section and front elevation my
improved machinery for shaping or turning the sides or planes of screw
nuts. a is the ring-like chuck fixed to the spindle of a lathe, and by
which spindle a rotatory motion is given to the said chuck; b is the
mandril carried by the said chuck a, the said mandril crossing the chuck
as a diameter, as seen in the Drawing. The outer or free end of the
mandril is screwed at 63, and against the opposite end a stud 12 presses,
the said stud being carried on the end of the spring i. It is preferred
to use the said spring stud i, ³, but it may be omitted. The part 6ª
'
J

page_text: of the mandril 6 is angular, and seats itself in a hole of a corresponding
figure in the collar 6.on one side of the chuck (see the sectional view
of Figure 1). Between the angular part 6' and the screwed end 62 of
the mandril 6 the screw nuts g, the sides or planes of which are to be
turned, are placed, the said nuts being fixed on the mandril by the
screw nut & which is screwed on the end 6ª of the said mandril b; e is
the centre carried by the chuck, and situated in the same line as the
mandril 6, and working in the opposite side of the chuck to that of
the said mandril. This centre e is capable of a sliding motion in the
direction of a diameter, the said centre working in the collar e² in the
chuck. By its sliding motion the centre is capable of approaching to
and engaging with the end of the mandril 6, or of being withdrawn
from the said mandril.
The advance of the centre e is effected by a ring f working on the
chuck a, the said ring f having an eccentric or curved incline f³ on its
inner edge against which the bottom of the centre e bears. When the
ring is turned in a direction contrary to that indicated by the arrow,
the incline f on the ring facts with a wedge-like action on the outer
end of the centre e and forces it inwards, and causes it to engage with
the end of the mandril b, as represented in the Drawing. By turning
the ring in the direction indicated by the arrow the centre e is released
and is withdrawn from the end of the mandril 6, the said mandril
being at the same time pressed forward or raised from its seat 64 by
the spring stud i, 2; its angular shoulder 6s is thereby released from
its angular seat d*, and the mandril may now be turned for bringing
another portion of the faces of the nuts on the said mandril into
position for the cutter to operate upon them, as herein-after explained.
The engaging of the angular shoulder 68 in the angular seat b*
determines the precise angle through which the mandril and the nuts
upon it require to be turned in order to bring the faces to be operated
upon in the plane in which the cutter works. The nuts g to be
operated upon having been placed on the end of the mandril 6, and
fixed by the nut d, and the centre e engaged with the said mandril,
those faces of the nuts to be first operated upon being situated in a
plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the chuck. The chuck a
being put in motion a turning tool carried by a slide rest is brought
to the rotating nuts and turns or shapes one face of each nut.
In order to bring another set of the faces of the nuts g under the

page_text: operation of the cutter the ring f is turned in the direction of the
arrow when the centre e retires and the mandril 6 is pressed forward
by the spring stud i, 2, and the shoulder 6ª disengaged from its seat 6*..
The mandril is now turned through the required angle so as to bring
another set of faces of the nuts g under the operation of the cutting tool,
and afterwards fixed by turning the ring f in a direction contrary to
that indicated by the arrow. In this way all the sides of the nuts are
in turn operated upon.
:
Figure 2 represents a modification of the machinery last described,
in which motion is communicated to the ring-like chuck by means
of a band instead of by a lathe spindle. In this arrangement the
ring-like chuck f works in an annular frame k, and in the chuck f
a groove m is made in which a driving band works. By means of the
said band a rotatory motion is communicated to the chuck f and parts
carried by it; or in place of the band the periphery of the chuck f
may be made into teeth with which a toothed wheel driven from any
prime mover engages so as to drive the said chuck.
In the arrangement, Figure 2, opposite sides of the nuts may be
operated upon simultaneously by turning tools being made to approach
the mandril simultaneously on opposite sides.
The parts of the machine, Figure 2, which I have not described are
essentially the same as corresponding parts in Figure 1, and are marked
with the same letters of reference.
Figure 3 represents in transverse section and front elevation my
improved machinery for turning the top and bottom faces of the nut
or socket; it consists of a ring-like chuck n, n³, driven by a band n³,
or by gearing, as described with respect to Figure 2, or by a lathe
spindle, as described with respect to Figure 1. The part n³ of the said
chuck carries two angular holders p, p, between the gripping faces of
which the nut or socket m is held, as represented in the Drawing. The
angular holders p, p, are made to approach to or separate from each
other simultaneously by means of curved slots q², q, in the part n
of the chuck, in which slots studs r, r, on the holders p, p, engage.
When the part n² of the chuck is turned upon the part n in the
direction of the arrow the curved slots q², q³, acting upon the studs
on the holders the said holders are made to approach each other simul-
taneously and hold firmly between them the nut or socket m, as

page_text: represented. By moving the part 2 of the chuck in a contrary
direction to that indicated by the arrow the holders p, p, are with-
drawn from one another and the nut or socket released. When the
nut or socket m is held in the machine in the manner represented
in Figure 3; and the chuck n, n², is rotated turning tools are made
to approach on opposite sides simultaneously and turn or shape both
faces of the nut or socket m at the same time.
The machine, Figure 3, may be used for facing sockets for tubing,
and also for boring or turning and tapping the holes in screw nuts.
The turning or facing tools may be supported on opposite sides of the
rotating chuck so as to approach simultaneously on opposite sides of
the nut or socket to be shaped in the manner illustrated in the
elevation, Figure 4, in which Figure 4 8, 8, are rests of the kind
commonly called capstan rests, in holes in the peripheries of which
the tools are carried, the said rests being fixed in position by screws
at t. By releasing the screws & rotation may be given to the rests s
so as to bring other tools into operation. Besides carrying the turning
or facing tools the said capstan rests may also carry the drilling and
tapping tools for drilling and tapping the screw nuts.
The capstan rests are provided with the ordinary means of motion and
adjustment, and with gearing for operating them simultaneously; but
as these parts constitute no part of my Invention I do not think it
necessary to describe them.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illus-
trated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
my Invention; but I claim as my Invention of improvements in
machinery for shaping and facing bright screw nuts, and for facing
sockets for tubing,―
First. The construction and combination of parts herein-before
described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing
for shaping or turning the sides or planes of the said screw nuts,
that is to say, the combination of the ring-like chuck a driven by a
lathe spindle with the mandril 6 on which the nuts are fixed, the
said mandril being provided with an angular head which takes into
an angular seat for determining the precise angle through which the

page_text: said mandril and the nuts upon it are turned, and also the combination
of the said parts with the centre e and actuating ring f, ƒ³, for fixing
and releasing the said centre; also the modification represented in
Figure 2, in which the required rotary motion is obtained by a strap or
band, or by toothed gearing, the several parts being constructed and used
substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly. The construction and combination of the parts herein-before
described and illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawing for
turning the top and bottom faces of screw nuts and sockets for tubing,
and for drilling or boring and tapping the holes in screw nuts, that is to
say, the construction and combination of the ring-like chuck n, n², and
holding tools p, p, the said tools p, p, being actuated and the machinery
used substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Whitley, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-.
six.
Witness,.
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
BENJAMIN WHITLEY. (L.S.)