An Improved Gas-oven or Heating and Drying Stove.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Gas-oven or Heating and Drying Stove.
I, HERMANN ZSCHETZSCHINGCK, of Leipzig, Konigstrasse 8, Saxony, in the German
Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to an oven or stove heated by gas, for heating, cooking
and drying purposes, which oven or stove is constructed in such a manner that,
when in operation, an intense heat is produced which is perfectly uniform
throughout the whole heating or drying space, so that the oven or stove can be
advantageously employed for all purposes where a high and perfectly uniform
temperature is required.
The heating and drying ovens constructed and known heretofore which were
heated by gas, have all had the disadvantage that a disproportionately large
quantity of gas is consumed, whilst the heat generated is very disadvantageously
utilized. Moreover the heat is very irregularly distributed in the oven, so that
the object to be cooked, dried or heated is much more strongly heated in the
neighbourhood of the fire than near the chimney.
The object of this invention is to obviate all these disadvantages, and this end
is attained by strongly heating both the supplied gas and air before the com-
bustion thereof takes place, conducting the products of combustion into a space
closed at the top and on all sides, where they envelope the object or objects to
be heated, and finally carrying away the gases after their circulation through
the heating or drying space through a slit or opening in the lower part of the same.
Since the heating and drying space is closed at the top, the hot gases are
constrained to follow a kind of circular path so that they fully and entirely give
up their heat to the objects placed in the said space. In this manner an uniform
and high temperature is produced in the whole space, so that the objects are
uniformly heated and the oven fulfils its purpose very rapidly and cheaply.
The uniformity of the heating is of the greatest importance, when for example,
bread is being baked in the oven, or lacquered or japanned plates are
stood upright in the oven to be heated. If bread be put into the oven on shelves
arranged one above another, and the oven be set in action, bread perfectly baked
through will be obtained in a proportionately short time and all the bread will
be ready at the same time. Heretofore it has been impossible to bake bread in
gas-ovens, since a perfectly uniform temperature could not be attained
For the bakery therefore this invention is of the most far-reaching importance,
as the wood and coal fuel previously employed and the annoying and unhealthy
smoke produced thereby are entirely done away with. The new construction
of oven is also of great value for lacquering or japanning iron plates for ovens.
In order to enable the lacquer to be so united to the plates that it adheres pre-
ferably securely and does not emit any smell when afterwards heated, a very
high temperature, about 250° Centigrade is required, which can be very rapidly
obtained with the new oven. If the plates to be heated are stood upright in the

page_text: oven, it is very essential that the heating be, before all things, perfectly uniform.
As is known, lacquer requires careful heating, and therefore the color will be
irregular if the plates be heated more strongly at the bottom than at the top.
With the new oven this.disadvantage is entirely obviated by reason of the perfectly
uniform temperature.
My improved oven preferably consists of a rectangular chamber constructed
of stone, fire clay or other suitable material. In the bottom plate or between
the bottom plates of the said oven is formed a longitudinal slit or passage through
which the fresh air enters. Over the said bottom plate or plates is arranged
a plate which is bent upwards at its ends. Pipes arranged longitudinally
relatively to the oven and having their outlet openings turned towards each other,
serve to supply the gas, and above these pipes are provided strips or ledges which
separate the pipes from the heating or drying space.
Beneath the cover of the oven is a partition and behind the door or doors
through which the objects to be heated in the oven are introduced, is provided
a second partition so that an inner closed drying or heating space is formed which
is not in direct connection with the chimney, the said space being surrounded
by an air-jacket formed by the said partition through which the products of
combustion will pass to the chimney as hereinafter mentioned. Beneath the
said second partition behind the door or doors a slit or opening is left through
which the gases from the drying or heating space can escape to the chimney. The
partition behind the door or doors is made removable." If desired, an oven-
partition can be arranged behind each of the doors. When the oven is in use
the flame issuing horizontally from the openings in the gas-pipes first warma
the plate lying above the air-inlet passage. The fresh air entering through the
said passage is heated by this plate and thus mingles in a highly heated con-
dition with the gas, whereby perfect combustion is obtained, which can be
ascertained from the whiteness of the flame produced. The products of com-
bustion rise in the heating or drying space, impart an uniform temperature to
this space and then escape through the slit or opening beneath the partition
behind the door or doors into the air-jacket and thence pass to the chimney.
Dated this 3rd day of November 1896.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Gas-oven or Heating and Drying Stove.
I, HERMANN ZSCHETZSCHINGCK, of 8 Königsstrasse, Leipzig, Saxony, in the
German Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an oven or stove heated by gas, for heating, cooking
and drying purposes, which oven or stove is constructed in such a manner that,
when in operation, an intense heat is produced which is perfectly uniform
throughout the whole heating or drying space, so that the oven or stove can be
advantageously employed for all purposes where a high and perfectly uniform
temperature is required.
The heating and drying ovens constructed and known heretofore which were
heated by gas, have all had the disadvantage that a disproportionately large
quantity of gas is consumed, whilst the heat generated is very disadvantageously
utilized. Moreover the heat is very irregularly distributed in the oven, so that

page_text: the object to be cooked, dried or heated is much more strongly heated in the
neighbourhood of the fire than near the chimney.
The object of this invention is to obviate all these disadvantages, and this end
is attained by strongly heating both the supplied gas and air before the com-
bustion thereof takes place, conducting the products of combustion into a space
closed at the top and on all sides, where they envelope the object or objects to
be heated, and finally carrying away the gases after their circulation through
the heating or drying space through a slit or opening in the lower part of the same.
Since the heating and drying space is closed at the top, the hot gases are
constrained to follow a kind of circular path so that they fully and entirely give
up their heat to the objects placed in the said space. In this manner an uniform
and high temperature is produced in the whole space, so that the objects are
uniformly heated and the oven fulfils its purpose very rapidly and therefore
cheaply.
The uniformity of the heating is of the greatest importance, when for example,
bread or cake is being baked in the oven, or lacquered or japanned plates are
stood upright in the oven to be heated. If bread be put into the oven on shelves
arranged one above another, and the oven be set in action, bread perfectly baked
through will be obtained in a proportionately short time and all the bread will
be ready at the same time. Heretofore it has been impossible to bake bread in
gas-ovens since a perfectly uniform temperature could not be attained.
For the bakery therefore this invention is of the most far-reaching importance,
as the wood and coal fuel previously employed and the annoying and unhealthy
smoke produced thereby are entirely done away with. The new construction
of oven is also of great value for lacquering or japanning iron plates for ovens.
In order to enable the lacquer to be so united to the plates that it adheres
perfectly securely and does not emit any smell when afterwards heated, a very
high temperature, about 250° Centigrade is required, which can be very rapidly
obtained with the new oven. If the plates to be heated are stood upright in the
it is very essential that the heating be, before all things, perfectly uniform.
As is known, lacquer requires careful heating and therefore the colour will be
irregular if the plates be heated more strongly at the bottom than at the top.
With the new oven this disadvantage is entirely obviated by reason of the perfectly
uniform temperature.
oven,
In the accompanying drawing I have shown how my said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 shows the improved baking and drying oven or stove in plan with the
baking plate or shelf drawn out.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the oven closed, and
Figure 3 is a transverse section of the same.
A is the double casing of the oven, this casing being lined with heat-insulating
material. In the bottom of the oven is provided a longitudinal slit or aperture
through which fresh air enters, and over the bottom is arranged a plate which is
bent upwards at its ends, Figure 3. Between the bottom and this plate are
thus formed air-supply passages K. The heating burners B are arranged longi-
tudinally relatively to the oven and are supplied with gas through a pipe G,
their outlet openings being turned towards one another. These burners serve
for producing the heat for the oven. Above the heating burners B are arranged
channels D which are supplied with water through a pipe, as hereinafter described,
The channels D also serve for
for the purpose of generating water vapour.
separating the heating burners from the drying or heating space.
Beneath the top or cover and in front of the rear wall of the oven are arranged
partitions so as to form a closed or shut-off space which is not in direct
communication with the chimney E. Beneath the rear wall of the drying or
heating space a slit is left open through which the gases from the drying space
can escape. The combustion gases pass to the chimney E2 through the rear

page_text: draught passage E and the draught passage E' above the drying space, the passage E
being provided with a throttle-valve or damper F.
The drying space, in the example shown, is divided into five stages or com-
partments arranged one above the other, and in each compartment is arranged
a baking plate or shelf P, running on rollers R, which shelves can be drawn out
of the oven by means of a detachably secured roller-frame V capable of being
adjusted to any of the compartments as shown in Figure 1.
S are inclined deflectors which serve for transmitting the ascending heat to
the four lower compartments, so as to obtain a top heat. In order to protect
the lowermost baking plate or shelf from the direct radiation from the flames
and prevent overheating of the said plate, a protective casing N is arranged
beneath the same.
T are flaps or swinging doors shutting off the several compartments; these
flaps are each provided with an eye to enable them to be drawn or swung out
by means of a chain, Figure 2.
W is a water reservoir mounted in the draught passage E' from which extends
piping provided with a cock H for drawing off hot water, and a cock h for con-
trolling the supply of water to the channels 1) in the interior of the oven.
When the burners of the oven are lighted, the flames issuing horizontally from
the openings or jets of the heating burner B first heat the bottom plate. The
fresh air entering through the slit in the bottom of the oven is heated by this
plate during its motion through the passages and accordingly unites, in a strongly
heated condition, with the gas so as to produce complete combustion which can
be determined by seeing whether the flames give a light of the proper colour.
The products of combustion ascend in the drying or heating space, impart a
perfectly uniform temperature to the whole of this space, and then escape to the
chimney E through the slit below the rear wall.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. A gas-heated cooking, heating and drying oven or stove, in which, with
a small consumption of gas, a very high and perfectly uniform temperature is
obtained in all parts of the drying or heating space, by heating the entering
fresh air, before its. admixture with the gas-flames, by means of a bottom plate
arranged beneath the said flames, closing-in the drying or heating space at the
top and on all sides, and allowing the flame-gases, after circulating through the
drying or heating space, to escape to the chimney from beneath the lower edge
of one of the walls of the drying or heating space.
Second. The combination, in a cooking, heating and drying oven or stove, of
a water-reservoir arranged to be heated by the flame-gases and provided with a
pipe for supplying water to channels arranged in the interior of the said oven or
stove, substantially as, and for the purposes, herein before described.
Third. The combination, in an oven or stove such as is hereinbefore described,
of shelves or baking-plates supported on rollers, and a frame or extension pro-
vided with rollers and adapted to be adjustably secured to the exterior of the oven
or stove, substantially as, and for the purposes herein before described.
Fourth. The improved oven or stove constructed substantially as described with
reference to the accompanying drawing, for the purposes specified.
Dated the 28th day of Tul 1907
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.