IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA- RATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Parkinson, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Cabinet Maker, and John Standish, of the same Place,
Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS TO BE SPUN."
Sealed the 24th November 1857, and dated the 27th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Parkinson and
John Standish at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th May 1857.
We, ROBERT PARKINSON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cabinet
Maker, and JOHN STANDISH, of the same Place, Machinist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS TO BE SPUN," to be as follows:-
In a Patent granted to the said John Standish, dated the 29th of January
1853, No. 224, he describes, as applied to drawing and other frames, peculiar
shaped spoons of light construction, so as to be easily affected or acted upon
by the breakage of the sliver, and thereby work with effect fine counts as
well as coarse ones, and also two stop motions, one to prevent singles being
made, and the other to prevent the slivers overflowing the can or coiler.
Now, instead of the said spoons, which we have found to be ineffectual, we
propose to use either single or double pulleys, with a. counterbalance weight
or lever attached, over which the sliver passes to the drawing rollers. Near
to these pulleys we fix a vertical lever, having a constant oscillating or vibrating

page_text: motion given to it by means of cams or tappets on the back roller of the
frame. Opposite the said pulleys we place cone-shaped tubes' to guide the
sliver over the pullies, so that as long as the sliver passes regularly over them
to the drawing rollers without breakage, the process goes smoothly on; but
if the sliver should break, the lever or balance weight on the pulley immediately
falls, and coming in contact with the aforesaid vibrating lever stops its motion,
thereby stopping the frame or machine. And to this vibrating lever we attach
another, extending to the top of the coiler, which having a constant intermittent
motion with the working of the coiler, as the wheel of the coiler rises gradually
by the filling of the cam, the said intermittent' motion ceases and stops the
motion of the frame or machine, the same as in the former case. The stop
motion for the front roller to prevent lapping, we accomplish by attaching
another vibrating lever in connection with the last mentioned, so that the least
stoppage of the vibration stops the frame.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Parkinson and John Standish in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 27th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
PARKINSON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cabinet Maker, and
JOHN STANDISH, of the same Place, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Robert Parkinson and John Standish, our executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, Her special licence that we, the said Robert Parkinson and
John Standish, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Robert Parkinson and John Standish, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE
PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Robert Parkinson and
John Standish, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or

page_text: under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
'
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Parkinson, for and on behalf
of myself and the said John Standish, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that
is to say):
Our said Invention consists in improvements on an Invention, for which
Letters Patent were granted to the said John Standish, dated the Twenty-
ninth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, No. 224,
in which he describes, as applied to drawing and other frames, peculiar shaped
spoons of light construction, so as to be easily affected or acted upon by the
breakage of the sliver, and thereby work with effect fine counts as well as
coarse ones, and also two stop motions, one to prevent single being made,
and the other to prevent the overflowing of the can or coiler. Now, instead
of the said spoons, which we have found to be ineffectual, we propose to pass
the slivers from the drawing rollers over light pullies or drums, having arms
or levers projecting from them, below which there are arms or levers placed
upon an oscillating shaft near the coilers, to which shaft motion is imparted
by being connected by a rod and levers to the ordinary oscillating shaft. The
arms or levers on the oscillating shaft are placed immediately under the arms
or levers on the pulleys, so that they may come in contact when a breakage
of the sliver takes place. The slivers from the drawing rollers pass through
shallow conical or bell-mouthed holes, so that they may be condensed and
strengthened before passing over the aforesaid drums or pulleys. As long as
the sliver passes regularly from the drawing rollers through the holes, and
over the drums or pulleys to the calender rollers and coiler, there is no change
of action, the levers on the pulleys being kept out of the way by the friction
and pressure of the sliver; but the moment a sliver should break in its passage
from the drawing rollers to the calender rollers, the corresponding levers come
in contact and arrest both oscillating shafts, thereby stopping the frame or
5 machine. In order to stop the machine before the can of the coiler overflows
or becomes unduly filled, we place upon the oscillating shaft near the coilers
other levers, extending as they vibrate to about the centre of the coilers. In
the cap of each coiler, just above the wheel, we place on a pin or pivot a
small catch or lever working horizontally, the same as the wheel, so that when

page_text: the can is unduly filled, or filled to the required extent, and pressure is exerted
against the wheel, friction is obtained sufficient to move the catch or lever.
forwards, so as to come in contact with its corresponding lever on the oscillating
shaft, the motion of which is thereby arrested, and the frame stopped.
These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, with the figures and letters of reference thereon,
similar letters referring to similar parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 is an end view of the main parts of a drawing frame, having our
improvements attached; Fig. 2, a plan of part of the same; Fig. 3, a longi-
tudinal view of the strap motion; Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7 are detached parts
thereof; Fig. 8, a detached view of the drum or pulley and lever; Fig. 9, a
view of a drum or pulley in its frame, with the cone and also the lever on
the oscillating shaft; Fig. 10, a side elevation, and Fig. 11, a plan, of the
coiler cover with the catch or lever.
In Fig. 1, a represents the framework of the machine; b, the driving shaft;
c, the fast and loose pulleys; d, the belt or strap; e, the drawing rollers; f,
the wheel on the back roller shaft; g, the calender rollers; h, the coiler cap;
i, the can of the coiler; and k, the ordinary oscillating shaft, which gives
motion, by means of the levers 7 and m, in connection with the rod n, to the
oscillating shaft o, and the levers or arms p and q; r is one of our improved
pulleys or drums, seen enlarged in Figs. 8 and 9; s is the arm or projection
upon it; t, the frame or holder; and u, the cone, through which the sliver
passes to the smooth surface of the drum or pulley sliding over it, and by
its friction placing the projection s out of reach of the lever p; but if a sliver
breaks, the friction ceases, and the projection falls down so as to hold the
lever p, and stops the machine. It is evident that, instead of a pulley or drum
a segment of a circle, attached to an arm or projection properly balanced, will
produce the same effect. The lever q is employed for the stop motion of the
can or coiler. In the coiler cap is the arm or catch v, placed above the wheel
20, Fig. 10, so that when the wheel presses against it, the friction pushes the
catch forward, as seen by the dotted lines, Fig. 11, so as to be in contact with
the lever q, and arrest the oscillating shafts, thereby stopping the machine.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, we represent our improved motion for shifting
the strap or belt on the fast and loose pulleys. The back oscillating shaft k
has its motion imparted to it by means of the crank a¹ on the wheel f, on the
back roller shaft, the said crank giving motion by the rod 6' to the bent arm
or lever c¹, and the back crank d', which is attached to the shaft k. On the
said back crank there is a shoulder, forming a fulcrum or abutment for
supporting the bent lever, and enabling it to act. The said bent lever c¹ has

page_text: also a shoulder or abutment for supporting a balanced arm or lever e¹, which
with the bent lever c¹ and back crank d¹ are all upon a common pin or
centre f, so that by the assistance of the shoulders they may work simul-
taneously when the oscillating shaft is not held, but allowing the said bent
lever to change its position when the shaft is held. On the balanced arm
or lever e there is a pin or pivot g', which, when the work is proceeding,
is central with the shaft k, in consequence of moving uniformly with the bent
lever and crank. Against the end of the pin or pivot g¹ is the part h³ of the
bracket k', attached to the bent weighted lever 1, working on the fulcrum m²,
in connection with the setting-on rod and strap fork n'. When the oscillating
shaft k is held, in consequence of the breakage of the slivers, the bent arm or
lever c', not being held at the top, rises from its working position, raising with
it the balanced lever e', and also the pin or pivot g', thereby no longer holding
the bracket k, but allowing the weighted lever l' to force the strap on to the
loose pulley.
Having thus fully described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be distinctly
understood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact details herein set
forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle
thereof; but we claim as our Invention, and which to the best of our know-
ledge and belief has not been hitherto used within the realm,-
Firstly, the drums, pulleys, or segments for the slivers to pass over instead
of spoons, with the arms or projections connected therewith.
Secondly, the catch or lever above the wheel in the coiler cap, so that when
there is friction between them, arising from the pressure of the slivers in the
can, the catch may move forward and hold the oscillating shaft.
And, thirdly, the improved strap motion, as all such improvements are
herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Parkinson, for and on behalf of
myself and the said John Standish, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
JOSEPHI DUCKWORTH BOLTON,
Cotton Spinner, Blackburn.
ROBERT PARKINSON. (L.S.)