Improvements in and connected with the Method of and Means for Jointing Spigot and Socket Pipes, Connections, and Fittings.
Year: 1896

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under section 18 of the Patents, &c., Act, 1883), as allowed by
the decision of the Comptroller General of the 7th day of September 1898.
Date of Application, 21st Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 21st July, 1897--Accepted, 21st Aug., 1897
Improvements in and connected with the Method of and Means for
Jointing Spigot and Socket Pipes, Connections, and Fittings.
We, DOUGLAS GEORGE BRIGHTON, and EDWIN MARTYN VENNING, both of 102A,
Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County of London, Sanitary Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to enable the joints of "spigot and socket"
pipes and connections therefor to be quickly and securely made and this inven-
tion is particularly applicable to the joints of the lead lined pipes described in
our previous Specification Number 9805 of 1895.
Now according to this invention as applied to lead-lined iron pipes and
fittings we cover both the outside of the spigot end of each pipe or fitting and
the inside of each socket with lead.
This may be done by turning the lead lining over the end of the spigot and
prolonging the lead lining beyond the mouth of the socket or by burning fusing
or casting a lead covering on the outside of the spigot and a lead lining into the
socket. In any case the lead covering of the spigot and the lead lining of the
socket is sufficiently long to project beyond the mouth of the socket when the pipes
are inserted one in the other and the said covering and lining are fitted
closely to the outside of the spigot and inside of the socket respectively.
To form the joint we may tin the lead lining of the socket and the covering of
the spigot and run molten lead into the space left between the covering of the
spigot and the lining of the socket when the pipes are inserted one in the other.
If necessary the joint may be afterwards caulked.
Or we may dispense with the tinning and run the molten lead into the joint
and subsequently caulk the lead firmly to make the joint. Or we may dispenso
with the molten lead altogether and form the joint by means of a tapering metal
ring driven into the space between the outside of the spigot and the inside of the
socket which ring compresses the lead lining of the socket and covering of the
spigot and so forms a secure joint.
If the pipes deviate slightly from a straight line when laid or if branch pipes
have to be laid at a slightly different angle with the main pipes to the set angle
of the branch connection on the main pipe the rings may be made rather thinner
on one portion of the circumference than on the other portion of the circumference
opposite.
When applying our invention to pipes which are not lead lined we cover
the packing ring with lead so that when the said ring is driven in to the
socket the lead covering is compressed between the outside of the pipe and the
inside of the socket and so forms a staunch joint,

page_text: If it should be necessary to cut a lead lined pipe to form a "making up
piece we cut the pipe with any suitable cutting off apparatus leaving the lead
lining projecting beyond the end of the "making up piece" and place a suitably
shaped metal ring on the end of the said piece and taft the lead lining over
the said ring on to the outside of the pipe. Any superfluous metal may be
before or after tafting.
In applying our invention to lead lined pipes other than those described in
our previous specification we may cut off the ends of "making up pieces" by
means of an apparatus fitted with cutters so shaped as to form the spigot ends
of the said pieces to fit the meeting surfaces of the sockets.
The hereinbefore described packing rings may be made of malleable cast iron
brass or other suitable material and if the said rings are of brass the lead covering
may be sweated" on to the rings.
The edges of the lead lining and covering which project beyond the mouth
of the socket may be caulked if necessary.
nated this Tevant finint dure of October 1808
T. E. HALFORD,
11, Furnival Street, London, EC., Agent for Applicants.
Improvements in the Method of and Means for Jointing
Spigot and Socket Pipes.
We, DOUGLAS GEORGE BRIGHTON, of 165, Ruckledge Avenue, Harlesden, and
EDWARD MARTIN VENNING, of Blenheim Lodge, Woodstock Road, Bedford Park,
Chiswick, late of 102A, Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County of London,
Sanitary Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to enable the joints of "spigot and socket"
pipes to be quickly and securely made and this invention is particularly applic-
able to the joints of the lead lined pipes described in our previous Specification
number 9805 of 1895.
Now according to this invention as applied to lead-lined iron pipes and
fittings we cover both the outside of the spigot end of each pipe or fitting and
the inside of each socket with lead.
This may be done by turning the lead lining over the end of the spigot and
prolonging the lead lining beyond the mouth of the socket or by burning fusing
or casting a lead covering on the outside of the spigot and a lead lining into the
socket. In any case the lead covering of the spigot and the lead lining of the
socket is sufficiently long to project beyond the mouth of the socket when the pipes
are inserted one in the other and the said covering and lining are fitted
closely to the outside of the spigot and inside of the socket respectively.
To form the joint we may run molten lead or plumbers solder into the space
left between the covering of the spigot and the lining of the socket when the
pipes are inserted one in the other.
Or we may dispense with the molten lead altogether and form the joint by
means of a tanering metal ring driven into the space between the outside of the
spigot and the inside of the socket which ring compresses the lead lining of the
socket and covering of the spigot and so forms when caulked a secure joint.
And in order that our said invention may be fully understood we will proceed

page_text: to explain the same with reference to the accompanying sheet of drawing in
which,
Fig. 1 represents the spigot and socket ends of two consecutive pipes ready for
joining.
Fig. 2 shews joint made by running molten lead into the space between the
outside of the spigot and the inside of the socket.
Fig. 3 shews joint made by means of a metal ring.
Fig. 4 is section of metal ring to an enlarged scale.
Fig. 5 shews method of finishing end of a cut pipe to form the spigot portion
of the joint.
Fig. 6 shews part section of an alternative method of joining pipes constructed
according to this invention.
Fig. 7 is plan of socket shewing method of attaching pipes to walls.
Fig. 8 is elevation of bracket to receive pipes.
The same letters denote the same parts in all the figs.
a is the iron pipe b the spigot c the socket d the lead lining the said lining
of the socket and end of the spigot being so formed as to make an approximate
ball and socket joint thus enabling the continuity of the bore to be preserved.
The lining of the socket is prolonged beyond the mouth thereof as shewn by
Fig. 1, and during the manufacture of the pipes or after they have been jointed
the lead lining is turned down over the mouth of the socket see Figs. 2, 3 and 6.
The outer covering d" of the spigot end is also long enough to reach beyond
the mouth of the socket see Figs. 1, 2, and 3 so that when the joint is made
should the joint be unsound the contents of the pipe will be prevented from
penetrating between the lead covering and the iron pipe.
The lining of the socket and the covering of the spigot may be formed by
turning the lead lining over the end of the spigot and prolonging the lead lining
beyond the mouth of the socket or by burning fusing or casting a lead covering
on to the outside of the spigot and a lead lining into the socket.
The lead covering and lining is fitted closely to the outside of the spigot
and inside of the socket respectively.
When the pipes are inserted one in the other the lead lining of the socket and
covering of the spigot projects beyond the mouth of the socket and to form the
joint we may tin the said covering and lining and run molten lead f into the
space q left between the covering of the spigot and the lining of the socket which
lead may be afterwards caulked if necessary in the usual way.
Or we may dispense with the tinning and run the molten lead f into the
space g and subsequently caulk the lead firmly to make the joint.
Or we may dispense with the molten lead f altogether and form the joint by
means of a tapering metal ring h driven into the space g between the outside
of the spigot and the inside of the socket (see Fig. 3) which ring compresses
the lead lining of the socket and the covering of the spigot and so forms a secure
joint.
The joint may be caulked if desired for extra security.
Should the pipes be required when laid to deviate slightly from a straight
line or if branch pipes have to be laid at an angle with the main pipes differing
slightly from the angle which the branch connection on the main pipe makes
with the main pipe the said rings may be made thinner on one portion of the
circumference than on the other portion opposite as shewn by Fig. 4 which
inequality will enable the pipes to be laid slightly out of line without interfer-
ing with the staunchness of the joint.
Should it be necessary to cut one of our lead lined pipes to form a "making
up piece
we cut the pipe with any suitable cutting off apparatus leaving the
lead lining projecting beyond the end of the making up piece we then place a
suitably shaped ring k (see Fig. 5) on the end of the said piece and taft the lead
lining d over the said ring on to the outside of the pipe. The ring k is preferably
shaped to fit the cut edge of the making up piece,

page_text: Any superfluous metal may be cut away either before or after tafting.
When applying our invention to lead lined pipes other than those described
in our previous specification we may cut off the ends of the making up pieces
by means of an apparatus fitted with cutters so shaped as to form the spigot ends
of the making up pieces to fit the meeting surface of the sockets.
The construction illustrated at Fig. 6 of the drawings shews an alternative
method of forming the spigot ends of lead lined pipes according to this invention.
As shewn the beading at the bottom of the spigot is dispensed with and the
bottom of the spigot is shaped to fit the bottom of the socket. The interior of
the socket is also made parallel to and fitting the outside of the spigot for a
short distance as shown at / so that when used for soil pipes and the like the pipes
are in correct alignment and if the pipes are horizontal they are held in line
without straining the joints.
As shewn by Figs. 6, 7 and 8 we prefer to cast a tongue m on the socket of
each pipe which tongue enters a recess in a bracket n which is secured to the wall
in the usual way. The advantage of this arrangement is that all the pipes are
similar and by making the brackets of various sizes as regards the offset any
stack of pipes may be placed at any desired distance from the wall by using
brackets having the offset corresponding to the desired distance the pipes are to
be from the wall.
This construction of pipes enables us to use our standard pattern of pipes no
matter what distance the pipes have to be from the wall and to enable all joints
to be securely caulked.
The brackets are merely flat pieces of metal having a slot or recess therein to
receive the tongue or the metal forming the bracket may be bent or cranked to
give the necessary offset and the tongue hooked behind it as shewn.
The herein before described packing rings may be made of malleable cast iron,
steel brass or other suitable material.
The edges of the lead lining and covering may be caulked if necessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
what we claim is:-
1. In lead lined spigot and socket pipes fitting the lining thereof into and
continuing the same beyond the mouth of the socket at one end and turning
the lining back over the spigot end to a distance greater than the depth of the
socket the said lining being expanded so as to tightly fit the socket and spigot
ends of the pipe as herein before specified.
2. The improved method of and means for jointing lead lined spigot and socket
pipes consisting of a tapered metal ring driven into the space between the inside
of the lining of the socket and the outside of the covering of the spigot as herein-
before specified.
3. The ring adapted to fit the spigot end of a cut pipe for the purpose stated.
4. The improved spigot and socket ends for lead lined pipes as hereinbefore
specified and shewn by Fig. 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 21st day of July 1897.
T. E. HALFORD,
11, Furnival Street, London, E.C., Agent for Applicants.