IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING APPARATUS
Year: 1885

page_text: We, WILLIAM FREDERICK GILLETT, of 34, Charles Street, Cardiff, Architect and
Surveyor, and HENRY BURRELL MORETON, of 61 Bute Docks, Cardiff Paint
Manufacturer, both in the County of Glamorgan, do hereby declare the nature of
our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-.
The object of this invention is the introduction of an improved apparatus for
the effective extraction and discharge of foul air and gases from such places as
ships' holds, bunkers, and tanks; collieries and mines; public buildings, theatres,
dwelling-houses, closets, drains, or cess-pools; or for the ventilation of any enclosed
space.
We provide a vertical shaft of suitable material, the top of which carries a
horizontal trumpet-shaped pipe of a proper capacity for the purpose of this
invention. Inside this vertical shaft we fit a second vertical shaft of smaller
diameter but concentric therewith, and whose upper extremity is bent at a right
or obtuse angle and incorporated with the smaller end of the trumpet pipe already
mentioned.
A second trumpet pipe, of about the same shape as the former but shorter and
of smaller diameter throughout, enters the aforesaid angle of the inner shaft, to
which it is firmly united, the longer end of each trumpet pipe being flush with
cach other, or nearly so, and both pipes concentric.
I fix a vane of suitable shape and size on the smaller end of the outer trumpet
pipe, and mount the above described apparatus on centres so that it can revolve
freely.
Both shafts are connected in any suitable way, by separate pipes, horizontal or
otherwise, with the space or spaces to be ventilated, the ventilation being effected
as follows.
A current of wind blowing against the top of the apparatus will maintain it
with the mouths of both trumpet pipes freely open to its entrance. Part of the
wind blows through the inner trumpet pipe, creating a vacuum by induction in
the inner vertical shaft which thus becomes the upcast or foul air shaft. The
remainder of the wind enters the annular space between the two trumpet pipes,

page_text: and passes down the annular space between the outer and inner vertical shafts,
which thus becomes the downcast or fresh air shaft, into the space to be
ventilated.
The air ducts communicating between the apparatus and the spaces to be
ventilated are made of suitable material for the purpose of this invention and as
the special circumstances of each case may require. Branch ducts may be led
away from one pair of main ducts as may be desirable, e.g. in the case of ship-
ventilation.
When desirable a jet of steam, or an artificial current, may be used in default of
natural wind.
:

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating Apparatus.
We, WILLIAM FREDERICK GILLETT, of 34 Charles Street, Cardiff, Architect and
Surveyor, and HENRY BURRELL MORETON, of 61, Bute Docks, Cardiff, Paint
Manufacturer, both in the County of Glamorgan, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to an improved construction of ventilating cowl for the
effective extraction and discharge of foul air and gases from such places as ships'
holds, bunkers and tanks; collieries and mines; public buildings; theatres;
dwelling houses; closets; drains, or cesspools; or for the ventilation of any
enclosed space.
In order that our invention, and the means by which the same can be carried
into practical effect, may be thoroughly understood, we will proceed to describe
the same in detail, referring in so doing to the accompanying drawings which are
to be taken as part of this specification and read therewith, and in which like parts
are marked throughout with the same reference letter.
Fig. 1. is a sectional elevation; and Fig. 2, a plan, taken at the line ab on
Fig. 1.
A suitable length of pipe, A, terminates in an expanded, or cowl-shaped, top B,
and, with its downward continuation, furnishes the down-cast shaft, D.
F is the upcast shaft, which enters the downcast shaft, D, at a point below the
bottom of the pipe A, at any convenient angle, and rising concentrically with said
shaft, terminates in a pipe, G, which is concentric with A about as far as the level
at which the latter begins to expand into the cowl-shaped top, B.
A short horizontal pipe, one end, C, of which is, in cross section, concentric with
the mouth of the top B, while the other, and smaller, end E, is parallel, is joined
to the top of the pipe, G. The mouth of the end, C, is drawn as a little within
the mouth B, while the end, E, projects through the back of the cowl top for a
short distance, making an air-tight joint therewith at the line of penetration.
The sectional area of the annular space separating the pipes A and G, is equal
to that of the downcast shaft D.
H is a vertical axis, preferably of steel, supported within the tube G, by
stays, g, g. Its pointed lower half enters a tube, a, carried concentrically within
the top of the downcast, D, by stays a¹ a¹. The materials of the point of the
axis, E, as well as the bottom of the tube, a, are selected for their hardness.
pipes, A. and G, are capable of free revolution around the tops of the shafts, D
and F, respectively.
The
I is a vane, fixed on the back of the cowl top B, in a plane bisecting the
horizontal axis of the top of the pipe, G; and projecting backwards over the
mouth E.
The top part of the apparatus is either in the open air, where the wind can have
free access to it, or may be in an enclosed space provided a current can be driven
against it The respective shafts, D and E, are led away in any convenient way to
the areas to be ventilated.

page_text: The materials of which the top part of the apparatus is made are preferably
metal, while the main lengths of the shafts, D and E, may be of any material
adapted for the passage of air currents under the special circumstances of any
particular case.
The operation of our apparatus is as follows.
The wind is supposed to be blowing in the direction indicated by the horizontal
arrows, and, consequently, the revolving top, A. and G, will be turned by the action
of the wind upon the sides of the vane, until the mouths B and C are opposite to
it, whereupon it will blow through C and E, and into B, as indicated by the
arrows. The current through C, E, will create a partial vacuum in G, which will
be at once made up by the volume of wind entering the annular space between
the pipes A and G, and so creating a draught down the shaft D and up the shaft F,
the latter delivering at E.
So long as there is wind, natural or artificial, blowing into B and C, so long will
the ventilating current be maintained; for any change in the direction of the
wind, will be, as far as the purposes of our invention are concerned, immediately
compensated for by the action of said wind upon the sides of the vane.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
The combination of the double revolving top A and G, the former having a cowl
top B, and vane 1; and the latter, a compound-shaped cross pipe CE; the pipes A
and G being joined air-tight, and capable of revolving freely upon the tops of the
respective shafts D and F, substantially as described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.