Improvements in Valves
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1889-Accepted, 29th June, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Valves,
I, EDMUND POPPY, of 47 Stadlau, near Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in valves suitable for steam, air and other
engines, pumps and other apparatus the said valve not being liable to stick and
working automatically and with precision in either direction with a rapid closing and
opening action.
Valves according to this invention are constructed of cylindrical and conical shape
whereby a double or compound cylindrical shutting or closing action is obtained
with or without an inlet or supplementary valve or valves in the intermediate space
of the valve-seat, or in the body of the main valve. The valve is or may be combined
with a spring or springs by which the valve is suspended or supported and its action
or movements are rendered easier and more certain. Two helical springs may be
combined being arranged one within the other and acting in opposite directions or
otherwise to facilitate the rapid opening and counterbalance the pressure whilst at the
same time a rapid closing of the valve without shock is effected with a power and
velocity corresponding to the dynamic decrease of pressure of the fluid.
The main valve is connected with a piston or plunger acted on by springs and
provided with orifices or passages for the fluid and annular grooves or recesses aro or
may be formed in the cylindrical space around the valve being arranged to
communicate with a space or passage or spaces or passages in the body of the valve
or otherwise.
Dated this 19th do fA 1000
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents for the said Edmund Poppy.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Valves.
I EDMUND POPPY of 47 Stadlau near Vienna in the Empire of Austria Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention relates to improvements in valves for controlling the flow of fluids
the said valves constructed according to this Invention working automatically and
with precision in either direction being partially balanced and caused to descend
gently on to their seats as hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying
drawings which illustrate several different constructions of valves constructed
according to this invention. The essential feature of the invention consists in the
arrangement of flanges or rings whereby the closing or cut off is effected before the
valve proper is down on its seat, the said valve being balanced by means of fluid shut
up in an intermediate space in the valve seat in combination or not with a spring or
springs so as to ease the closing of the valve and prevent concussions.
Figure of the drawings represents in sectional elevation a simple arrangement of
valve box and valve constructed according to this invention the valve being shewn in
its open position. In this arrangement the cylindrical closing and the balancing of
the valve does not take place until after a certain amount of downward flow of the
fluid.
Figure 2 is a section taken along the line a b in Figure 1 and Figures 3 and 4 are
views of the opposite ends of the valve.

page_text: The valve A is provided with a conical face a to fit a corresponding conical seat b
in the valve box. Above and below the conical face a the valve is provided with
flanges rings or cylindrical parts lettered c and d respectively which slide in
corresponding cylindrical portions of the valve box so that when the valve is closing
a space z is formed between the parts c and d which is filled with the fluid, which
acting as a cushion to the valve prevents it closing too suddenly on to its seat after the
passage of the fluid is cut off by the cylindrical portions c d. A spring e may be
employed as shewn to relieve the valve from undue pressure and to ease it onto its
seat. This spring hears at one end against a flange on the valve which also serves
to guide the valve in its movements the other end of the spring bearing on a
shoulder g in the interior of the valve box. The flange is provided with notches or
passages m for the fluid.
Figures 5 and 6 represent a modification Figure 6 being a section on the line 1--2
Figure 5. In this modification recesses or passages m for the fluid are provided in
the cylindrical guide f of the valve box in which the cylindrical part 2 of the valve
slides. The valve is provided with two springs e e² one of which e² has its bearing at
one end on a collar or shoulder g in the valve box its opposite end bearing against a
loose collar R¹ surrounding the stem A of the valve. This spring tends to press the
valve onto its seat whilst the other spring e which is interposed between the collar R'
and another collar R on the valve stem has a tendency to remove the valve from its
seat thus one spring counteracts or partially counteracts the action of the other
spring so as to equalize the pressure on the valve to admit of it entering its seat
without concussion.
Figure 7 represents a valve intended more particularly for water and is provided
with a separate passage a³ in the body of the valve to admit fluid into the intermediate
space in the valve seat the said passage being closed by a valve a acted on by a
spring a. The main valve A is provided with two springs e e which operate in the
same manner and for the same purpose as described with reference to Figure 6.
Figures 8 and 9 illustrate two different arrangements of valves having double
conical faces a a² and seats 6, 62 and double cylindrical closings c. c¹d d² likewise
separate valves d for the admission of fluid to the intermediate spaces z in the valve
seats. In these modifications the same letters of reference indicate the parts
corresponding to those in the previous modification.
Figure 9 also shews an arrangement of the springs e e² when they are situated
outside the valve case the valve rod passing through a stuffing box at n.
Figure 10 illustrates two different modifications of the arrangement shewn in
Figure 7 one arrangement being shewn on the right and one on the left hand side of
the figure.
The modification represented on the left hand side simply consisting
of a different form of the pressure collar or ring R¹ for the spring e whilst the
modification on the right hand side illustrates a valve without springs the valve
being constructed to close by its own weight no provision being made for relieving
the pressure.
Any suitable number of cylindrical closing rings and any desired number and
form of springs may be combined in one valve. One or more springs may be
combined with a greater number of valves and arranged either in the interior or
exterior of the valve casing. The valve seat may be flat, conical or other suitable
form.
Under certain conditions it is necessary to provide an inlet in the intermediate
space of the valve that is to say between the two cylindrical surfaces the said inlet
consisting of any suitable valve closing with or without a spring as indicated in
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10.
The cylindrical duplex closing ensures the protection of the valve seat and presents
the additional advantage that even with great throttling in the intermediate space of
the valve seat the valve iu working quickly does not come in violent contact with its
seat and a rapid opening is rendered possible by the separate valve and the necessity
for the adjustment of the counter spring to reserve pressure, when the valve is
opening, to effect the closing is obviated or greatly reduced.

page_text: In adjusting the springs it is essential to ascertain the central or middle position of
the valve according to its purpose that is to say the position in which the spring is
relaxed apart from the valve weight or normal tension for which the spring is
adjusted.
The strength of the spring is calculated as follows:--
If an automatic valve is to be balanced for the working pressure and the slightest
variation in pressure ensues in opening or closing, the pressure exerted on the valve
must be a counter pressure of equal extent. Consequently the spring which is
compressed during the opening of the valve and thereby requires a reactive power
for the cylindrical closing, must be of such strength that whenever the valve opens the
spring counteracts the dynamic pressure exerted on the valve and corresponding to
the rate of flow of the liquid.
The other spring which is extended by the closing of the valve in order to partially
or wholly relieve the pressure with which it is loaded must be of such strength that
during the movement from the beginning of the cylindrical closing to the time when
the valve is down on its seat the pressure of this spring is equal to that exerted on the
valve less the balance of pressure that may be reserved for holding the valve tightly
on its seat.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what
1 claim is :-
Valves having parts combined substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
respectively by figures 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of the drawings whereby a pressure is
established on the movement of the valve in both directions which on the one hand
balances the valve or inerely leaves an excess of pressure sufficient to maintain it
closed and on the other hand effects a rapid closing of the valve without shock or
concussion and with a power and speed corresponding to the reduction of the dynamic
pressure of the liquid substantially as hereinbefore described.
D
14th day of Mov 1880
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, Agents.