IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UPHOLSTERY AND OTHER FRINGES, AND IN THE APPARATUS AND MECHANISM USED THEREIN.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Dixon, of York, in the County of York,
John Maddox, Edward Gardner, and Thomas Hughes, of Bethnal
Green, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UPHOLSTERY AND OTHER FRINGES, AND IN THE
APPARATUS AND MECHANISM USED THEREIN.
"
Sealed the 27th April 1875, and dated the 16th February 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Dixon, John
Maddox, Edward Gardner, and Thomas Hughes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th February
1875.
We, GEORGE DIXON, of York, in the County of York, JOHN MADDOX,
EDWARD GARDNER, and THOMAS HUGHES, of Bethnal Green, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UPHOLSTERY AND OTHER FRINGES,
AND IN THE APPARATUS AND MECHANISM USED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in a novel process of manufacture,
whereby the material is prepared for being manufactured into a fabric in
a more ready and advantageous manner than heretofore, and is also

page_text: manufactured to a considerable extent principally without the shuttle,
although the shuttle is in some cases used.
We take a number of bobbins of worsted or other material which is
used for fringes, and spin same into a weft suitable for the work
required, and from thence to the interweaving portion of the machine.
The spinning is effected thus:-The material from the bobbins which
are mounted on a disc driven by shaft and speed pulleys, and the threads
from the bobbins pass through an eye or suitable opening up and over a
pulley fixed to a frame and thence to other pulleys, and eventually as
the material is prepared taken off on a pulley or suitable mechanism.
The dressing of the material, or what is termed the "fiddling," is effected
by an arm or arms attached to a shaft driven by cog or other suitable
wheels which convey a proper amount of motion back and forwards for
effecting the dressing of the material. After the material has been
suitably prepared by these means it is conveyed to the other portion of
the machine for completeing the making of the fringe. The material
passes over a pulley, thence to another pulley, between which is a spring
pulley to keep the same at proper tension. The warp harness and other
portions of this part of machine work as in an ordinary weaving loom,
but the batten is so arranged that fringes are produced without shuttles,
but where required for binders a shuttle is used in the same batten.
The form of batten when used is an ordinary back frame arranged
with planks with cranked and straight pegs to operate in the place of
shuttles, and the action of driving planks and pegs is very similar to the
ordinary peg batten.
'
and Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th.
August 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE. 8(
DIXON, of York, in the County of York, JOHN MADDOX, EDWARD
GARDNER, and THOMAS HUGHES, of Bethnal Green, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said George Dixon, John Maddox,
Edward Gardner, and Thomas Hughes, Her special licence that we, the
said George Dixon, John Maddox, Edward Gardner, and Thomas
Hughes, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said George Dixon, John Maddox, Edward Gardner, and
Thomas Hughes, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UPHOLSTERY AND OTHER
FRINGES, AND IN THE APPARATUS AND MECHANISM USED THEREIN,'
upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said George Dixon, John
Maddox, Edward Gardner, and Thomas Hughes, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Dixon, John Maddox,
Edward Gardner, and Thomas Hughes, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
These improvements consist in a novel process of manufacture,
whereby the material is prepared for being manufactured into a fabric in
a more ready and advantageous manner than heretofore, and is also
manufactured to considerable extent principally without the shuttle
although the shuttle is in some cases used.
We take a number of bobbins of worsted or other material which is
used for fringes, and spin same into a weft suitable for the work required,
and from thence to the interweaving portion of the machine.

page_text: The spinning is effected thus:-The material from the bobbins (which
are mounted on a disc driven by shaft and speed pulleys) and the threads
from the bobbins pass through an eye or suitable opening, up and over
a pulley fixed to a frame and thence to other pulleys, and eventually as
the material is prepared are taken off on a pulley or suitable mechanism.
The dressing of the material or what is termed the "fiddling," is effected
by an arm or arms attached to a shaft driven by cog or other suitable
wheels, which convey a proper amount of motion back and forwards for
effecting the dressing of the material. After the material has been
suitably prepared by these means it is conveyed to the other portion of
the machine for completing the making of the fringe. The material
passes over a pulley, thence to another pulley, between which is a spring
pulley to keep the same at proper tension. The warp harness and
other portions of this part of machine work as in an ordinary weaving
loom, but the batten is so arranged that fringes are produced without
shuttles, but where required for binders a shuttle is used in the same
batten.
The form of batten when used is an ordinary back frame arranged with
planks with cranked and straight pegs to operate in the place of shuttles,
and the action of driving planks and pegs is very similar to the ordinary

page_text: on the framing A of the machine, and thence after passing over the
pulley e pass round roll or pulley f, thence to fiddle g over pulley or
drum h, which to carry the bullion is supplied with a roughened surface
made of suitable material to carry it over said drum 7 to the large
bobbin i on which it is wound.
The machine is either driven by hand, steam, or other power.
The action is as follows:-The shaft k at either end, in the case of
steam power, is driven by ordinary fast and loose pulleys. Motion is
conveyed to the pulley or drum from pulley on driving shaft k. This
drum is attached by endless band to the lower part of disc a, and drives
by this means said disc. In the meantime and from the same shaft k,
motion is given to crank shaft j by spur wheels k'. The fiddle g is
attached to sliding bar g¹ which runs backward and forward on shaft or
spindle, said sliding bar being connected by connecting rod 9³ to
crank g on shaft, and is driven by same. The threads, being drawn
through the eyes in the centre of the disc, cause the threads to become
twisted into a bullion, which after passing over pulleys e and f to the
fiddling or dressing arrangements g, the motion back and forward of the
fiddle g causes the bullion to be cleansed of the fluff, and thence passes
dressed over pulley h on to the large bobbin i, and to have the bullion
arranged equally over the bobbin i the ordinary "heart motion is
given. The bullion it will be seen passes through an eye , which is
actuated by said heart motion by rod ³, to which the heart motion
is connected in any suitable place.
"
In Fig. 4 a large bobbin m is mounted on the other disc a by spindle n.
The arrangement here shewn is to procure what is known by the term
back throw. One method is to take the bobbin (i, Fig. 1) on which is
wound the bullion produced from the arrangement shewn in Fig. 1, and
then replace disc a, shewn in Fig. 1, by disc shewn in Fig. 4, the bullion
comes from the bobbin m in two strands and passes through eye o made
in part o¹ attached to disc a, and thence over small pulley at part o³ to
the eye in the centre of the spindle n, and thence is carried as shewn in
Figure 1, and again subjected to the same operation. When we have
completed the fiddling and dressing of the bullion, it passes to the
interweaving part of the mechanism shewn in Figs. 6 to 9, where the
fringe is completed.
Fig. 6 is end elevation of the interweaving machine; Fig. 7 is part
T

page_text: Fig. 8, part front view of arrangement for completing fringe.
Fig. 9, same view of some parts only with mechanism in different
position..
The bullion produced in the spinning arrangements shewn in Figs. 1
to 5, is mounted on the framing attached to the main frame A of the
machine. The bullion is conveyed from the bobbin i to and over a
lever p hung on centre p', so that it will hold the bullion in proper
tension in the process of manufacture, and also is held by lever and
springs p², which rest against the bullion on the bobbin i. The bullion
passes over lever p to and under small pulley p³ to eye q attached to
the batten 1, round pulley 8, and after going round pulley & is held or
tied when the loom is being started, in any convenient manner. The
warp to form the heading of the fringe is arranged in similar manner to
the ordinary process of weaving.
The action of this part of our Invention is as follows:-The shaft t is
driven by the ordinary fast and loose pulleys or fly wheel and handle for
band power. The shaft is furnished with two or more cranks t¹, to
which the connecting rod or rods 12 is or are attached, same being
· secured to batten r, said batten » being held by batten sword 7¹ in the
ordinary manner. The batten carries the arrangements for making
fringe, and this is more clearly shewn in detail views, Figs. 8 and 9. The
first action is produced from the back driving plank u, in which is
attached a cranked or bent arm u' with pulley u² at the end, which takes
the bullion through the opening of the warp a sufficient distance for
front plank w with a casting w' and secured to said plank, to rise and
take from pulley u² the bullion a given distance for any width of fringe
as required, and after that distance is accomplished it retains that
position until the opening of the warp closes upon it, when it passes
under a stationary wire x, which takes the bullion from said casting u².
This arrangement can be used either singly or in combination with the
shuttle arrangements, as shewn in the Figures. And the motion arrange-
ment to the two planks u and w is secured by tappett treadles, pulleys,
and straps, as in the ordinary process of weaving.
When the shuttle is used in combination with our arrangements, the
action is similar to that described with reference to planks u and w, and
the shuttle is used only for making one or more binders for the fringe
when required, so that it will be seen that we produce bullion fringes
without the aid of the shuttle.
"J

page_text: When the fringe is completed by the above operation or process, it
passes over pulley y secured to breast piece B, and then to roll C, which
is secured in bearings to the framework A of the machine, said roll C
being driven by regulator arrangement as generally used. The head of
the fringe passes round roll C, and same is furnished (where the heading
comes) with a raised roughened surface, and to keep the bullion from
said roughened surface an endless band passes over rolls O¹, and thenco
under the bullion as it passes round the roll C, and thereby the bullion
is cleared from the roughened surface as it passes round the roll C.
After passing the roll C, the fringe passes under pulley D (which is
attached to frame as shewn), and thence over the roll E (held in
brackets to breast piece B), which said roll E is driven by endless band
passing from roll C, and finally after the fringe has passed over roll E,
same falls into a suitable box or receptacle at F.
Fig. 10 is side elevation of the tappet preferred to be used for the
motions already described; Fig. 11 is sectional elevation.
The distinctive feature of this tappet is that by its use we are enabled
to place the bowls in any given position, either on the cross slots or in
the circular slot, as they may be required.
The foregoing describes an example in specific detail of how our said
Invention may be performed or carried out in practice, but it must be
understood that we can when desired accomplish the making of the
fringe by modified arrangements, and we may here mention that the
following arrangements could be adopted, although we do not recommend
them to be used as we deem those herein-before described to be far
prefereable, namely, we could produce fringes by one action instead of
two, as shown in the Drawing, as follows:-We take the plank u, Fig. 8,
but reverse the part u¹ and u³, so that after the bullion is conveyed
through the warp by the pulley u³, the further action of completing the
fringe is accomplished by reverse actions, it being understood that the
plank with part u' and u³ have somewhat similar action to the plank w,
as shewn in the Figure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or put
in practice, we hereby declare that we claim the said Invention of
Improvements in the Manufacture of Upholstery and other Fringes,
and in the Apparatus and Mechanism used therein," substantially as

page_text: the same is herein-before set forth and described and illustrated by the
accompanying Drawings, in which Invention the following are important
and peculiar features,―
1st. The method of fiddling or cleaning arrangements, and also
spinning of the bullion, substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated by the Drawings:
2nd. Producing bullion fringes without the shuttle arrangements,
substantially as herein-before described:
3rd. The modified arrangements which enable the shuttle arrange-
ments to be used in combination with our arrangements, substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings:
It being understood that we do not limit or confine ourselves to the
precise details shown by the Drawings and herein described, as the same
may be varied without departing substantially from the character of our
said Invention, as herein-before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Dixon, John Maddox,
Edward Gardner, and Thomas Hughes, have hereunto set our
hands and seals, this Sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.