Improvements in Pattern Mechanism for Power Looms for Weaving Textile Fabrics.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 6th July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 6th May, 1897-Accepted, 26th June, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pattern Mechanism for Power Looms for Weaving
Textile Fabrics.
I, BENJAMIN SMITH, of Clanedowan, Kilmalcolm, Renfrewshire, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to power looms for weaving textile fabrics provided with
an improved chain saving motion of the kind set out in the Specification of Letters
Patent No. 24690 of 1894 granted to me, and it consists of means for still further
reducing the length of the shuttle box pattern chain, laggs or cards (but for the
purpose of this description I refer only to the chain), when patterns in single cloth
fabrics are being woven which have quantities of close checking so that instead of
requiring a link for each change in the checking I am enabled by the use of say
two different sizes in height of pegs inserted in the pattern barrel so to control the
clutches on the frame of the loom that one or other of them shall be alternately in
or out of gear with the star wheel on the chain cylinder. By this means I can
have the use and repeated use of any number of links of the pattern chain; or both
of the clutches may be at the same moment, out of gear with the star wheel and
remain so for any desired number of picks or threads of the pattern being woven
and during which period the links of the pattern chain in use remain stationary.
It also comprises an improved method of pegging the pattern barrel for double
cloth fabrics whereby in some pattern by the use and repeated use of certain links
of pattern chain a smaller number of links than two for each change of the checking
is required. Further, in looms to which the aforesaid chain saving motion is
applied, by the use of a flanged wheel fixed on the dobbie frame having two studs
fixed at proper distances from each other on the outside, circumference of said
wheel and in gear with a star wheel fixed onto the shaft carrying the heddle chain so
that with every revolution of the crank shaft of loom two links of said chain are
moved, I am enabled to work a fabric having a cross border or two different kinds
of twills without the necessity of taking off one chain and putting on another.
I build the said chain with alternate links for operating the border and body so
When I want to use the
that I skip or pass over the links I do not want to use.
link I have just passed over, the operative draws the star wheel out of contact
with the flange wheel and having turned it one section pushes it back to its place
and in this way the link just used is passed over while the one formerly passed over
is brought into operation.
The invention further comprises means by which I am able to control the pick
and the shuttle boxes from the pattern barrel by the use of two levers in the case
of patterns capable of being turned at centre, or four levers in the case of patterns
which do not turn in centre, commonly called chaser patterns. One of said levers
1 connect to the lever for operating the pick from the barrel and operate it by
means of pegs having a raised part on the surface inserted in the pattern barrel.
The other I use by means of the pattern barrel for operating the clutches ou the
frame of the loom as is described in the Specification of Letters Patent above
referred to.
The pegs I use are of different shapes some having a raised portion
on surface, others being flat.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pattern Mechanism for Power Looms for Weaving
Textile Fabrics.
1, BENJAMIN SMITH, of Clanedowan, Kilmalcolm, Renfrewshire, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The invention relates to power looms for weaving textile fabrics provided with
an improved chain saving motion of the kind set forth in Specification of Letters
Patent No. 2469 of 1894 granted to me, and it has for its object (1) to provide
means for still further reducing the length of the pattern chain when patterns in
single cloth having quantities of close checking are being woven (2) to provide an
improved method of pegging the barrel when double cloth fabric is being woven
(3) to provide means whereby by suitably arranging the links of the pattern chain
I am enabled to weave a cloth having a cross border or two different kinds of
twills by means of the same chain (4) to provide means for controlling the pick and
shuttle boxes from the barrel.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 being an end view of a loom shewing the barrel and its connections to the
pattern chain cylinder and Fig. 2 a view at right angles to Fig. 1 of the barrel
and connections.
Figs. 3 and 4 are views of the different forms of pegs used in pegging the barrel.
Fig. 5 is a frout view of part of the mechanism hereinafter described.
A is the barrel which is pegged as hereinafter described. B is the lever carried
on the end of a grooved shaft B' for raising or lowering the clutch C to engage
with and turn the star wheel D in either direction so as to bring a new link, or to
bring repeatedly any series of links, of the shuttle box chain E under the vibrating
or shuttle box levers. A traversing lever J is carried on the spindle B¹ and is
actuated by means of a special form of peg so that it turns the shaft B' and with it
the lever B and connecting rod C' to operate the clutch C the pins of which engage
with the notches in the star wheel and turn the pattern chain.
E' is the lever which is acted on by the curled projection in the manner described
in the specification already referred to, to reverse the direction of rotation of the
barrel A; and in this case it effects the rotation of the barrel by means of a
clutch F which acts on a star wheel G, centred on a stud I and operates thereby a
pinion H secured to the star wheel G, said pinion H being geared to the toothed
wheel A of the barrel A.
K is a star wheel which is acted on by a flanged wheel L secured on a stud M,
a pinion N on which is geared to a pinion O on the top cylinder P of the jacquard,
said star wheel K and flanged wheel L acting to bring into gear consecutively
every second link of the heddle chain H' when weaving two different kind of
twills.
When the fabric to be woven is single cloth say with two colours although there
be a large number of checks or change in the repeat of the pattern I can by my
improvements weave it by the use of two or four links of the pattern chain. The
operation is as follows. When it is desired to weave single cloth with two links of
the pattern chain I use two sizes of pegs Q, Q', such as shewn by Fig. 3, which
pegs I insert in the perforation of the barrel A. When the raised part of the
lever J comes into contact with peg Q the clutch C is raised and as it revolves its
pin e falls into one of the notches of the star wheel D and turns it round one sixth
or other portion of a revolution and so brings a link of the pattern or shuttle box
chain E into position to operate the shuttle boxes in the manner well known in

page_text: the Knowles loom and fully described in my Specification of Letters Patent
No. 24690/94. In the succeeding holes in the barrel A, I insert the lower size of
pegs Q of such a uumber as shall correspond with the number of threads of weft
f same colour to he woven at this part of the pattern and when the lever j moves
over these the clutch falls down and draws the pin c clear of the star wheel D but
it does not fall far enough to put the pin e into gear with the other side of the star
wheel D so that both pins e and et being out of operation at same time, the link of
pattern chain remains in same position for any desired number of picks or threads.
When the next link is to be brought into operation one of the holes in barrel A is
left empty at the desired place, the consequence being that the lever J and with it
the clutch C falls lower still, bringing the clutch pin into a notch on the upper
side of the star wheel thereby turning it round in the opposite direction to that
already stated and bringing into operation the next link of the pattern chain. Into
any desired number of the succeeding holes of the barrel, pegs Q' are inserted su
that the clutch C shall be raised sufficiently high to lift the pin C out of the notch
of the star wheel and cousequently let the pattern chain reinain in same position
till the desired number of threads of weft are woven, the pattern chain cylinder
being prevented from accidental turning so long as both pins of the clutch are out
of engagement with the star wheel, by means such as the notched wheel R and
locking lever R'. The same two links of the pattern chain are in this way brought
alternately into operation as long as it is desired. If three or more colours are
used in forming the pattern it is only necessary either to insert additional high
pegs or leave holes empty at the desired places. The same style of pattern can
be woven in two colours with four links of pattern chain or six links if three
colours are employed, the holes in the barrel being pegged alternately and two
links of the pattern chain caused to move backward and forward as long as is
desired but when a change is needed three consecutive holes are left empty or three
consecutive pegs inserted so that the next two links shall be brought into position.
When the pattern is what is called chasing, the barrel A must be pegged in
duplicate and have two wefting levers which are alternately in gear being operated
from one or other of the set of pegs in the manner described in the Letters Patent
already referred to.
The method of pegging the barrel A in working reversible fabrics is such that
the length of the pattern chain may be reduced to less than two links for each
change in the checking. Thus when the same two colours are repeated these
changes from one colour to the other can be obtained by the use of four. links only
(irrespective of the number of times the changes occur) the barrel being pegged at
the point where the change is desired for three consecutive holes for the first
change, three holes being left empty for the next change; that is to say if a
repeated checking of black and green is desired the holes in the barrel A are
pegged alternately with a number of pegs sufficient to weave the quantity of
black weft threads desired and when it is wanted to change to the green weft three
consecutive holes are pegged, the desired number of greeu threads being obtained
by the action of pega placed alternately in the barrel. When it is desired to go
back on the link of the pattern chain which operates the black shuttle three
consecutive holes in the barrel A are left empty and this order of pegging is
continued as long as say the black and green checks are repeated.
The pegging may be arranged in other ways than those described in order to
suit cloth in which two picks on one side for one pick in the other, or other irregular
reversible weaving is desired.
When it is desired to control the picks from the barrel A, pegs S and T are
used, one side of the pegs S controlling the pick and the other the boxes. The
lower portion of the pegs controls the boxes in the usual way but the operation of
the pick is as follows:When the raised portion on the bottom of the lever J' is
raised by the high portion S' of the peg 'S the arm J on end of the lever J¹
centred on the shaft J is lowered and by means of the connecting rod J' one arm
of the beam lever J is lowered so that the opposite end of said lever is raised and

page_text: with it the rod Je connected to vibrating lever of the pick which by this movement
is pushed into gear with the upper half tooth segments and the pick is therefore
operated in the usual way of the Knowles loom. When with the next revolution
of the crank shaft the lever J¹ falls upon a peg T without a raised portion the
vibrating lever falls into gear with the lower half tooth segment, and the pick is
reversed in the usual way. If it is wanted to pick any consecutive number of picks
from either side alternately, then the desired number of pegs having raised portions
as S₁ are placed in consecutive holes followed by the desired number of pegs T
without raised projections. By this method of shifting the picking from the
pattern chain any kind of odd or even picking can be made without the necessity
of a long pattern chain as is the present method.
When it is desired to weave cross borders which are different in twill or weave
from the centre and margins, I mount on the chain cylinder spindle U the star
wheel K which is in gear with the flanged wheel L mounted on the stud M as
already described said flanged wheel having pins and on its outside circle.
The flanged wheel L is in gear with the pinion O on top cylinder of jacquard
by means of the pinion N. The chains are arranged alternately border and centre
so that when it is desired to work the centre portion the chain necessary for
operating the centre heddles is put into position by the operator and as the flanged
wheel L revolves which it does once with each revolution of the crank shaft the
pins and fall alternately into the notches of the star wheel K and revolve
the lag or chain cylinder through the distance of two laggs or chains skipping
the border lagg or chain. When it is desired to work the border the operator
draws the star wheel K out of gear with the flange wheel L and turns it and with
it the pattern chain through the distance of one chain or lagg and consequently
brings the border chains or laggs into position to operate the border heddle and
then pushes it back into gear with the flanged wheel L the pins of the flanged
wheel L then cause the centre chains or laggs to be skipped and ouly the border
laggs are brought into operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a change box and picking motion for power looms in which the shuttle box
chain is operated from the pattern barrel through clutch mechanism such as
described, the arrangements of pegging by means of pegs Q, Q', of the barrel A
for weaving single and double cloth fabrics substantially as described.
2. In a change-box and picking motion operated from the pattern barrel the
provision of pegs S and T for controlling the picking chain substantially as and
for the purpose described.
3. In pattern mechanism for looms the provision on the pattern chain cylinder
of the star wheel K geared to the flanged wheel L and operated by means of pins
which act to bring each alternate link of the heddle chain under the vibrating
levers, said star wheel being capable of being disconnected and turned substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents,
2 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.