IMPROVE- MENTS IN DEODORIZING AND PURIFYING SEWAGE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Rawson, of No. 9, Victoria Chambers, in the
City of Westminster, Managing Director to the Native Guano Company
(Limited), and John William Slater, of No. 2, Tamworth Terrace, in the
County of Middlesex, Analytical Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DEODORIZING AND PURIFYING SEWAGE."
ealed the 19th April, 1876, and dated the 1st January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Rawson and
John William Slater at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, on the
1st January 1876.
し
CHRISTOPHER RAWSON, of No. 9, Victoria Chambers, in the City of Westminster,
Managing Director to the Native Guano Company (Limited), and JOHN WILLIAM
SLATER, of No. 2, Tamworth Terrace, in the County of Middlesex, Analytical
Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING AND PURIFYING SEWAGE."
Our Invention relates to the deodorization and purification of sewage by pre-
cipitation, and consists firstly in treating sewage with any or all of the following
mixtures:-

page_text: MIXTURE No. 8.
Basic sulphate of alumina, either alone or occurring in combination or admixture
with the sulphates or basic sulphates of iron..
Clay.
Charcoal of any of the kinds herein-after stated.

page_text: By the use of the cheaper kinds of charcoal herein referred to, we effect a con-
siderable saving in the process of precipitation.
We add any or all of the aforesaid mixtures to the sewage to be deodorized and
purified, and thereby effect the precipitation of the greater part of the organic and
other impurities. The precipitate thus obtained may be dried in order to make it
into the manure known as "native guano."
The proportions of the ingredients constituting the several mixtures herein-before
described, and the proportions in which such mixtures are added to the sewage,
must be varied according to the nature of the sewage at the time of its treatment.
Thus if the sewage contains faecal matter in an advanced state of decomposition,
the proportions of clay and charcoal are increased. If there are present soluble
sulphides, extracts of dyeing or tanning materials, or any substance which may
render the presence of iron in the basic sulphate of alumina, undesirable, we lixiviate
or dissolve such basic sulphate in water prior to running it into the sewage, and
add to the lixivium carbonate of lime in such proportion as will precipitate a
portion of such iron, or we allow the lixivium to stand exposed to the air, either
with or without agitation, or we force into it steam, either alone or admixed with
atmospheric air, and then by preference add the carbonate of lime as aforesaid to
the said lixivium, which we then use in the treatment of the sewage. When we
thus treat the basic sulphate we prefer to reduce the quantity of lime or man-
ganated lime used, or if the sewage is strongly alkaline we reduce the quantity of
lime.
Our Invention consists further in adding carbolic sulphite to any of the mixtures
herein-before described, or to any of the mixtures described in the Specifications of
Letters Patent, Nos. 1954, A.D. 1868; 1854, A.D. 1870; 8399, A.D. 1870; and
2262, A.D. 1873, we having found that that substance has a powerful action in
destroying those germs, cells, or spores which are now considered to be the medium
for the propagation of typhoid fever, choleras, and other zymotic diseases.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Christopher Rawson and John William Slater in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th June 1876,
CHRISTOPHER RAWSON, of No. 9, Victoria Chambers, in the City of Westminster,
Managing Director to the Native Guano Company (Limited), and JOHN WILLIAM
SLATER, of No. 2, Tamworth Terrace, in the County of Middlesex, Analytical
Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING AND. PURIFYING SEWAGE."
Our Invention relates to the deodorization and purification of sewage by pre-
cipitation, and consists firstly in treating sewage with any or all of the following
mixtures:-

page_text: When the effluent water is required to be of extreme purity, fresh blood or clay
saturated with fresh blood may be added to any of the foregoing mixtures.
Carbolic sulphite may also be added to any of the said mixtures.
The basic sulphate of alumina herein referred to may be either a basic sulphate of
alumina existing in a natural state, in combination with other matters in aluminous
schists or shales, or other aluminous minerals, or basic sulphate of alumina as a
manufactured article or a residual product.
We prefer to use the natural basic sulphate of alumina contained in aluminous schists
or shales, or other aluminous minerals, which shales or minerals we in that case add
bodily to the mixture as the other matters with which such natural basic sulphate 2
of alumina is combined are often useful in the treatment of sewage, or we lixiviate
the aluminous schists or shales, or minerals aforesaid, and add the solution to any of
the foregoing mixtures.
The charcoal herein referred to may be either wood charcoal, peat charcoal, sea-
weed charcoal, or carboniferous refuse from prussiate of potash works, or a mixture?
of any of these, but we do not use the substance commercially known as animal
charcoal" or "bone black," because of its high price.
"
By the use of the cheaper kinds of charcoal herein referred to we effect a con-
siderable saving in the process of precipitation.
We add any or all of the aforesaid mixtures to the sewage to be deodorized and
purified, and thereby effect the precipitation of the greater part of the organic and
other impurities in such sewage. The precipitate thus obtained may be dried in
order to make it into the manure known as "native guano."
We now proceed to state the proportions of the various constituents of the
aforesaid mixtures, each mixture being calculated for 1,000 gallons of average
BOWO re

page_text: Although we have as a matter of general guidance given the foregoing statement
of proportions, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit ourselves thereto,
as they must necessarily be varied according to the strength of the purifying agents
used and the nature of the sewage to be treated. Thus if the sewage contain
fecal matter in an advanced stage of decomposition the proportions of clay and
charcoal should be increased. If there be present soluble sulphides, extracts of
dyeing or tanning materials, or any substance which may render the presence of
iron in the basic sulphate of alumina undesirable, we lixiviate or dissolve such
basic sulphate in water prior to running it into the sewage, and add to the lixivium
carbonate of lime in such proportion as will precipitate a portion of such iron, or
we allow the lixivium to stand exposed to the air (either with or without agitation)
until a considerable proportion of the iron is deposited in the form of a sub-salt, or
we force into the said lixivium steam, either alone or mixed with atmospheric air,
and then, by preference, add the carbonate of lime as aforesaid to the said lixivium,
which we then use in the treatment of the sewage. When we thus treat the basic
sulphate we prefer to reduce the quantity of lime or manganated lime used, or if
the sewage be strongly alkaline we reduce the quantity of lime.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit
ourselves to the precise details herein-before described, as they may be varied
without departing from the nature of our said Invention; neither do we claim
per se any of the ingredients of the mixtures herein-before described; but we
claim as our said Invention, the use of the precipitating and deodorizing mixtures
herein-before described for precipitating and deodorizing sewage, whether each
mixture be used by itself, or in conjunction or admixture with any other pre-
cipitating or deodorizing mixture.
In witness whereof, I the said Christopher Rawson have herunto set my hand
and scal, this Twenty-third day of June in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
FREDK. BARTRIP,
9, Victoria Chambers,
Westminster,
S.W.
C. RAWSON. (L.S.)