IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONIC INSTRUMENTS PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to José Dottin Husbands, of Queen Victoria Street in
the City of London, Gentleman for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TELEPHONIC INSTRUMENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said José Dottin Husbands at
the Oflice of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1882.
JOSÉ DOTTIN HUSBANDS, of Queen Victoria Street in the City of London,
Gentleman, "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONIC INSTRUMENTS
נן
My invention relates to telephonic transmitting and receiving instruments.
My improvements in transmitting instruments comprise a novel principle of
construction whereby I obtain a greater efficiency in the transmission of vocal
and other sounds than is practicable with other known instruments. The novel
feature of my transmitter is the employment of a disc or diaphragm consisting of
two plates or two halves or parts which form the terminals of the conducting wires
and are connected by a strip of vulcanite or other insulating material and enclosed
within a chamber or recess filled, or partly filled, with coke or similar material in
the form of fine or coarse powder, or in grains, lumps, or pieces of any convenient
size and forin. The said two plates or halves of the disc or diaphragm are formed
of thin iron or other suitable material and may have the intermediate strip of
non-conducting substance connected with them in any convenient manner; for
instance it may be fixed or placed on the upper or under surface of, or between, the
half discs or plates or may be formed with grooves along its sides for the reception
of their edges and it may be formed of either rigid or flexible material as found
most convenient, or the plates may have one or more pieces of carbon between the
edges without having the same on the top of the plates; the plates may be placed
close together so that they do not need any separating material.
The chamber or recess containing the said diaphragm and coke or carbon is
formed in one side of a box, case, or block which is provided with a suitable mouth-
piece so arranged that the air waves produced by speaking or otherwise producing
sound in front of or near to the said mouth piece or block will impinge on the said
balf dises or plates and cause their vibration.

page_text: My improvements in receiving instruments or receivers consist chiefly in the
combination of a diaphragm or tympan with an armature consisting of a plate,
tongue, reed, wire, or needle projecting angularly therefrom in front of a magnet so
arranged that the said armature is in contact, or nearly so, with one pole of the
magnet but is not in contact with the other pole thereof and when a current caused
by the action of the air-waves in the transmitting instrument is passing through
the coils of the magnet, the pole not in contact with the armature will cause
vibrations of the latter, which vibrations will extend to the diaphragm and thus
the vocal or other sounds produced in the transmitter will be received by tho
said diaphragm and will be very clearly and distinctly reproduced thereby.
The advantage of this principle of construction is chiefly due to the angular
connection of the said armature with the diaphragm which greatly increases the
effect of the current vibrations upon the diaphragm and therefore augments the
sounding capacity of the latter.
1 embody this principle of construction in various forms or modifications; for
example I may use a V-shaped or a horse-shoe magnet arranged in face of the
diaphragm with the armature, or two armatures, formed of metal plate, wire or
other suitable material projecting at a right angle, or nearly so, from the said
diaphragm between the limbs of the magnet. Or I use two discs or diaphragms
connected by transverse wires, rods, or bars from which the armature extends at an
angle to, and between, the peles of a horse-shoe or other magnet. Or I arrange the
diaphragm between the two bobbins or coils of the magnet and provide the same
with a tongue, plate, or other armature extending through it over, or in face of, the
two poles of the magnet. Or I place two discs or diaphragms facing each other
and provide only one of them with the armature extending to the peles of the
magnet. In some instances I place the said two diaphragms between the coils or
limbs of the magnet and provide each diaphragm with an armature. And in some
instances I form the disc or diaphragm with ears or extensions which are bent
backward into the proper position to form an angular tongue piece acting on the
armature of the magnet.
In these and in all other forms or modifications of the receiver in which my said
invention is carried into practice the above specified features must be maintained;
that is to say; the circuit must include the magnet or magnets so that the vibrating
currents transmitted through the same will produce vibrations of the tongue or
armature but neither the said armature nor the diaphragm is included in the
circuit. The tongue or armature must project at an angle from the surface of tho
disc or diaphragm and must extend into contact or close proximity with one pole
of the magnet but must be further or more widely separated from the other pole
thereof. And the said tongue or armature must be attached to, or combined with,
the diaphragm in such a manner that the vibrations of the tongue will extend to,
or be communicated mechanically to the latter; I sometimes use soft iron magnets
and sometimes permanent magnets.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said José Dottin Husbands in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd December 1882.
JOSÉ DOTTIN HUSBANDS, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONIC INSTRUMENTS
"
My invention relates to Telephones, and comprises various improvements, as
hereinafter described, in transmitting and receiving instruments.
My improvements in transmitting instruments comprise a novel principle of
construction, that is to say, the employment of a disc or diaphragm divided into, or
consisting of, plates, two of which form the terminals of the conducting wires, and
which are enclosed within a chamber or recess filled, or partly filled, with coke or
other suitable material in the form of fine or coarse powder, or in grains, lumps, or
pieces of any convenient size and form. The said two plates or halves of the disc
or diaphragm are formed of thin iron or other suitable material, and, when necessary,
have an intermediate strip of non-conducting substance placed between, and
connected with, them in any convenient manner.
This simple and novel principle of construction may be embodied in numerous
forms or modifications, all of which will be highly efficient.
Some of these forms or modifications are illustrated in Figures 1 to 22", of the
accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a transverse section of a transmitter
Figure 2 is a transverse section of a modification of the same.
Figures 3 to 22 illustrate modifications and details of the construction of these
instruments.
In Figures 3 to 11, A is a face view, and B an edge view, of the disc.
The remaining figures will be hereinafter referred to.
In Figures 1 to 19, a, a, are the two separate plates, halves, or parts of the disc;
bis the insulating piece placed between them. The said two parts or halves a, a,
of the disc or diaphragm are formed of thin iron or other suitable material and
may have the intermediate strip b of non-conducting substance connected with
them in any convenient manner; for instance, it may be fixed, or placed, on one side
or surface of the said half-discs or plates, as shewn in Figures 10 and 11, or between
the half-dises or plates, as shewn in Figure 7, or the said insulating or non-
conducting pieces may be formed with grooves along the sides thereof for the
reception of the edges of the plates a, as shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 5. In Figure 9,
the insulating material is shewn in the form of a tube and the edges of the
half-dises are inserted in slits therein so as to be in contact with the current-
regulating material which, in this case, is placed inside the tube. These insulating
pieces, moreover, may be formed of either rigid or flexible material as found most
convenient. In some instances, the plates & may have one or more pieces of carbon
between their edges, or the said plates, if desired, may be placed close together so
that they do not need any separating material, that is to say, so close that the
grains or pieces of carbon or other substance cannot fall through the space between
the two electrodes or parts of the divided diaphragm. This arrangement is capable
of use with carbonized fibres, filaments, threads, or cloth, or pieces of brass, nickel or
other suitable metal in combination with glycerine and the like, in place of
powdered, granulated, or similar material. In some instances, instead of arranging
the two parts or halves a, «, in one plane, I place them at an angle or inclined to
each other. And, instead of making the edges of the plates straight, I may slit or
punch them and bend the whole, or portions of them, to any desired shape and
R 3170. Wt. 19028.

page_text: place carbon between them, or they may be made in any convenient form which
admits of the coke or other regulating material coming into proper contact with
the vibrating parts of both sections or halves a; and they may be placed in any
convenient position.
In Figure 3, I have shewn a modification of my transmitter, wherein I use a
circular central plate al and an annular plate a² surrounding the same, and the
insulating material is also in the form of an annular plate or ring so arranged as
to connect the two plates a', a³, as shewn.
In Figures 6 and 6, I have shewn, in face view and edge view, different manners
in which I use the pieces d of carbon or other regulating material.
In Figure 8, this material is represented in the form of a rod channelled so as to
rest loosely between the plates or half-discs.
Figures 12 to 17 shew various forms in which the divided diaphragm or disc
can be constructed for the purpose of enabling it to vibrate as a whole diaphragm.
Figure 18 represents, in transverse section, a transmitter specially designed to be
used with the instrument known as the Dolbear" receiver. To the vulcanite
diaphragm a³ are attached the two plates or electrodes a, a, formed of platinum, to
which is fixed a vulcanite tube c¹ containing a thin layer of granulated carbon d¹
upon which rests a small weight c³, preferably of metal or solid carbon.
Figure 19 represents, in transverse section, a modification of iny transmitter in
which is a ball, or short rod, of carbon resting upon pieces of carbon d electrically
connected to the two parts a, a, of the divided diaphragm, the space surrounding
the carbon pieces d³ being filled with powdered or granulated carbon (either with
or without glycerine), as shown at d'. In some cases, the space between the pieces of
carbon is made of greater depth than that shown and is filled with granulated
carbon. The current passes through the pieces of carbon, as well as through the
granulated carbon, and, by these means, 1 diminish the resistance of the circuit
without causing the roughness ordinarily produced when pieces of carbon are
employed alone.
In another modification of my transmitter, shewn in Figures 20 and 21, I employ
a thin diaphragm a³ of vulcanite, mica, or other non-conducting material; through
holes around the edge of this diaphragm are threaded or wound two pieces of
wire. a, each extending nearly around one half of the circumference of the
diaphragm and forming one of the electrodes or terminals of the conducting wires;
the diaphragm thus constructed is placed in a suitable position in a box or case e
having a chamber c³ in which the wire electrodes are placed and which is filled
with granulated carbon or other suitable material. In some cases, the wire is
replaced by corrugated or other strips of metal secured to the diaphragm.
The wires may, if desired, be stitched into a diaphragm of cloth or leather (in such
a manner as to form an equivalent for the two plates a, u,) near the centre thereof,
the carbon being placed in the central chamber c of the said box or case.
In Figures 22 and 224, is shown a further modification of my transmitter, in
which the disc or diaphragm a³, of non-conducting material, is firmly secured to the
tube c and has the two plates or electrodes a, a, attached to it; the tube c¹ is filled,
or partly filled, with carbon or like material. In this instrument, the vibrations of
the diaphragm a³ are partly caused by the action of the sound-waves upon the
outer portion or edge thereof.
In the above description, I have fully explained the novel principle of con-
struction on which my improved transmitter is based. It will be obvious that this
principle is susceptible of numerous nodifications in detail, which need not bo
herein particularly described. In its complete condition the instrument has a
conveniently formed box or case, with or without a mouth-piece, and will operate
when spoken to from any direction. In Figures 1 and 2, I have shewn the said
instrument with a chamber or recess c containing the said two parts a, a, of the
diaphragm, and preferably formed in one side of a box, case, or block e (Figure 1)
which is provided with a suitable aperture or mouth-piece, as at c', so arranged
that the air-waves, produced by speaking, or otherwise producing sound, near to the

page_text: Said mouth-piece or block, will impinge on the said half-discs or plates and cause
their vibration. The carbon, coke, or other regulating material is placed in the said
chamber or recess and rests on the said plates a, a, each of these plates being con-
nected with one terminal of the circuit. Therefore the air-waves impinging on the
said plates will, through the medium of the said loose carbon, coke, or other material,
vary the resistance of the circuit and thereby cause variations of the current in the
line or circuit.
The principle of construction which I have herein before explained and illustrated
in connection with various forms or modifications of transmitting instruments, is
distinct from the principle involved in the instruments of that class which is
exemplified by the so called "Hunnings" transmitter, in which instruments the
action of the air-waves upon the carbon or coke tends to compress, by means of a
diaphragm, the particles thereof; nor is it similar to the principle involved in the
invention described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to T. A. Edison
and dated the 30 day of July, 1877, N° 2909, wherein there is a whole or
undivided diaphragm insulated from, and adjusted to, two electrodes between which
is a compressed lamp-black button; as in my instruments the effect is due to
multiple surfaces, or points, in frictional contact, and not to compression, a split or
divided diaphragm serving both as the electrodes and diaphragm and, with a
tension regulator, completing the electric circuit, moreover my instrument will not
pack like the "Hunnings" instrument and will not require adjustment like the
Edison instrument.
"
My improvements in receiving instruments or receivers comprise a principle of
construction wherein I use, in combination with magnets and a diaphragm, an
intermediate piece which has an angular connection with the diaphragm and
greatly increases the effect of the vibratory or fluctuating current upon the
diaphragm, and, therefore, augments the sounding capacity of the latter.
I embody this principle of construction in various forms or modifications, some
of which I have shown in the following figures of the drawings, and which I will
now proceed to describe.
Figures 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27 are sectional views of various forms of my improved
receiver. In these and the other Figures hereinafter described, ff, are the electro-
magnets; g is a disc or plate of thin mica, metal, or other suitable material; his the
intermediate piece attached to the said disc and projecting therefrom over the
poles of the electro-magnets; i is a regulating screw for adjusting the pressure of
the piece upon the magnet pole with which it is in contact. In the instruments
h
shown in Figures 23 and 24 it will be observed that the piece or armature
(which is a thin tongue, strip or wire of magnetic substance, or of elastic material
having a piece of magnetic substance attached to it) is held in contact with one
pole of the magnet; therefore the said armature will vibrate freely under the
influence of an undulating or fluctuating current passing through the wire coils,
and will transmit its vibrations mechanically to the disc g.
The same device (that is to say the tongue fixed to the disc and projecting into
the magnetic field in contact with one pole and out of contact with the other pole)
is shown in modified arrangements in Figures 26 and 27.
In Figure 25, there are two dises y, each of which has a tongue, strip, or wire h
projecting across the magnetic field. In this arrangement the said tongues project
in an oblique direction and rest on one edge of the magnet poles, so that the
variations of magnetisin in these poles, due to the fluctuations or vibrations of the
current in the coils, and acting upon the portions of the tongues not actually in
contact with the poles, will cause vibrations of the said tongues in accordance with
the undulations or vibrations of the current.
In Figure 28, I have shown a spring j placed between the magnet and the part
of the box or case in which it is fixed. The electro-magnet fis adjusted relatively
to the armature by means of the screw i, and the spring serves to retain the
magnet firmly in position. The tongue or armature h is out of contact with the
magnet in this instrument.

page_text: In the modification shown in Figure 29, two tongues or armatures are employed
and are caused to vibrate in opposite directions by the fluctuations or variations of
the current in the coils of the electro-magnet.
In Figure 30, the operation is similar to that of the instrument shown in Figure 23,
with the exception that only one electro-magnet coil is used, one end of the tongue
or armature resting upon a stud or projection k on the top of the bobbin so as to
hold the intermediate part of the armature out of contact with, but in close
proximity to, the magnet-pole for the purpose above specified.
In Figure 31, the armature h is a bent elastic strip or tongue of metal attached
to the disc g, with its two arms extending across the field of the magnets f; its
ends hare, or may be, secured to the part on which they rest. It is obvious that
this clastic armature will vibrate freely with, and according to, the variations of
the current in the magnet-coils, and will impart its vibrations to the disc. of the
receiver A similar action will result from the modified arrangements shown in
figures 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 and 42, in which I employ (instead of a
simple tongue, strip, wire or needle projecting at a right angle from the disc) a hoop,
ring, ellipse, semi ellipse, or similarly formed elastic armature h, so arranged in
combination with the disc g and magnet or magnets f, that the variations in the
magnetic field, due to the fluctuations or undulations of the current in the coils,
will act on the said armature and thereby cause the mechanical vibrations of the
disc as above described.
The instruments shown in figures 23 to 42 may also be modified by dividing the
core or cores into parts or pieces so that, instead of using a metallic armature, I
may use a tongue or strip formed of elastic non-magnetic material attached to the
core or cores which may be made in two or more pieces so that the parts of the
core or cores operate with, or upon, each other, as shown in Figures 23ª, 26", 28ª
and 59. In these cases, both the tongue or strip, and the diaphragm, may be formed
of non-metallic material such as mica, bone, ratan, horn, ivory, glass, vulcanite or
wood. It is obvious that, in some of these arrangements, instead of using two
magnets on opposite sides of the curved, annular, elliptical or other armature, or
elastic piece or pieces, I may obtain the same result by placing one or more magnets
within the same.
Figure 34 shows a straight bar permanent magnet with a coil at each end, so
arranged within the elliptical armature that portions of the latter will be in close
proximity to the magnet-poles for the purpose specified.
In Figure 43, the magnet f has polar extensions f¹, one of which extends slightly
higher than the other. The armature h is a thin tongue of metal divided at its
extremity into two arms h', one of which rests on the higher of the two polar
extensions, while the other projects over the lower extension.
Figure 44 includes a plan and side elevation of a modification of my instrument,
wherein the armature is a flat strip or tongue supported at its outer extremity
in the small post which forms one pole or polar extension of the electro-magnet,
and with its intermediate portion nearly in contact with the magnet-pole, one half
of which is cut away at f³ as shown.
In the instrument shown in Figure 45, the armature or tongue h consists of a
wire extending from the diaphragm across the field of the inagnet fand in close
proximity to the pole thereof, and stretched more or less tightly by means of the
regulating screw to which it is secured in any suitable manner.
Figure 46 shows a similar arrangement but with two magnets f, one on each side
of the wire armature h
In the instrument illustrated in Figure 47, which is a central sectional view,
there is a horse-shoe magnet provided with two coils fand polar extensions f¹.
The armature his bent or cranked and extends down between the limbs of the
magnet to the point 2 where it is pivotted or hinged. It will be seen that this
armature is nearer to one pole than to the other pole of the magnet, the object of
this arrangement being the same as in the other forms of the instrument above

page_text: described. The armature his connected by a spring m (as shewn) to the regulating
screw
In Figure 4S, which is also a central section of the instrument, the above
described device, that is to say, the armature or tongue projecting into the field of
an electro-magnet, is shown in combination with a permanent magnet n of con-
venient form to serve as a handle to the instrument. The regulating screw is,
in this case, fitted in the end of this permanent magnet and the armature h projects
across the field of the magnet fand is held in contact with the point of this screw
by the spring n. The operation of this instrument is similar to that of the
instrument shewn in Figure 23, with the exception that the addition of the
permanent magnet has the effect of producing an initial attraction which can be
varied in both directions, that is to say, which can be increased or diminished
according to the direction of the current passing through the coil. This provision
is necessary when induced currents, alternating in direction, proceed from the
transmitter. When the transmitter is placed in direct circuit so that there is a
constant current flowing through the receiver to keep its magnet charged, the
permanent magnet becomes unnecessary, although it is still advantageous, unless the
line current be rather strong. The said permanent magnet may be arranged, as
shown, on the same side of the armature has the magnet f, or on the opposite side
of the said armature. In this instrument, by fastening the tongue or strip / to
one part of a divided core a most efficient instrument can be constructed.
In Figure 49, I have shown the armature attached to the diaphraging and
extending at right angles therefrom to the point of the case, where it is also
fixed in any suitable manner; it will be seen that the said armature is bent and
extends across and between the poles of the electro-magnets f; these electro-
magnets are attached to the ends of the permanent magnet n which is firmly
secured at the part n. The object of employing the coils in combination with the
permanent magnet is to vary the strength of the latter temporarily according to
the strength and direction of the current passing through the coils and thus vary
the attractive force acting upon the armature. This instrument may be modified
by placing the coils inside of, or between, the limbs of the permanent magnet
instead of on the outside of the same, and also substantially in the form shown in
Figure 61.
In Figure 50, I have shewn a modification of this instrument, in which the bent
armature extends down within a hollow electro-magnet or solenoid.
In Figure 51, I have illustrated a peculiar manner of forming the armatures, that
is to say, I form the disc g with extensions by stamping the same in one piece
from a sheet of thin metal, and I bend or fold the extensions to form the
armatures as shown, so that they will occupy the proper position in the field of the
magnets f. It is obvious that this manner of forming the armatures may be
inodified in many ways and may be adapted to various of the above described
A divided core, and non-
arrangements of the armature relatively to the magnets.
metallic tongues or strips, may also be applied to an instrument embodying the
construction shown in this Figure.
The parts (shown in Figure 51) can, if desired, be rolled up or otherwise formed
to serve as the cores of the coils, instead of as the armatures.
In Figure 52, I have illustrated, by a plan C and transverse section D, a method
of constructing the disc g by stamping it from a thin sheet of metal in the form
shown at C, that is to say, with projections g'. These projections are then bent to
form feet whereby the said disc is attached to the mouth-piece as shown at D. The
diaphragm itself may be bent substantially as shown in Figure 51, and, if desired,
the bent portions may be rolled up into a coil, to form the cores of electro-magnets.
In Figure 52, I have shewn a modification of the instrument illustrated in
Figure 52. The parts or projections g¹ are elongated and a coil is placed upon
each of them so that they form cores.
In Figure 53, I have illustrated a further slight modification of my Invention,
wherein the armature has its intermediate portion coiled spirally; the magnet f

page_text: has its polar extensions f¹ curved so that the two extremities thereof project into
the ends of the spiral part as shown, these extremities, it will be seen, nearly touch
one side of the spiral, but not the other side, and, therefore, when a fluctuating
current is passing through the magnet coil, this armature will be subject to
vibration as in the case of the straight wires or tongues and other forms of
armatures above described. By dividing the core, in this instrument, in a similar
manner to that shown in Figure 60 a non-magnetic spiral wire may be employed
with efficiency.
Figure 54 shews, in two sections taken in planes at right angles to each other, an
instrument in which the armature is a thin blade of metal arranged with one end
between the magnet-poles and the adjusting screw i, and its other end held tightly
between two bent or twisted wires or cords o so attached to the diaphragm g and
to the case or box of the instrument, that any lateral movements of the said
armature, caused by the fluctuations of current, will bend or twist, more or less, the
said wires or cords, which thus transmit such movements to the disc or diaphragm.
In Figure 55, I have shown the armature h pivotted at hand with one extremity
in contact with the disc g and the other extremity extending into the field of the
magnets f
Figure 56 shews at E, F, G, an arrangement of my instrument in which the
armature consists of a toggle joint or two arms jointed in the centre as shewn
at h, one arm being secured to the diaphragm, and the other to the case or box; a
small spring 2, also attached to the case or box at p' and to the joint of the
armatures, opposes the attraction of the magnet and thus ensures the vibration of
the said armature under the influence of the fluctuating current in the magnet-
coils, as above described. At F I have shewn side and edge views of the jointed
armature, and at G I have shewn, in similar views, these parts with slight
modifications. By dividing the core of the magnet f and attaching a piece jointed
or hinged at 75, to one part of the said core, an efficient modification of this
instrument will be produced.
Figures 57 and 58 represent modifications of my receiving instrument in. which
I employ a permanent magnet n having fixed to it an electro-magnet or solenoid f
through which passes the armature h. In the modification shown in Figure 57, the
armature consists of a U-shaped reed or tongue of thin magnetic metal having
extensions of non-magnetic material secured to a block p² of vulcanite or other
suitable material. The proportion and formn of the non-magnetic and magnetic
material may be varied as may be required and the two materials may be brazed
or soldered, or screwed or rivetted together. In the instrument shown in Figure 58
the armature consists of a straight strip or piece of magnetic metal having an
extension of non-magnetic material fixed to a block of vulcanite or other suitable
material, and the poles of the magnet n are nearer to one another than those of the
magnet shown in Figure 57. A further modification is shown in Figure 59 in
which is a permanent magnet having an electro-magnet fattached to each of its
poles. The armature consists of a straight or U-shaped strip of magnetic metal
fixed to the diaphragm g and to a brass screw n³ inserted in the permanent magnet.
This instrument, if divided cores are to be employed in the same manner as herein-
before specified, may be modified as shown in Figure 59a, a portion of the core of
each coil being attached to the strip or piece which may, or may not. be magnetic,
and, if magnetic, may be insulated from the cores.
Some of the receiving instruments above described can be used both as
transmitters and receivers. The employment of the divided core will render them
bighly efficient as transmitting instruments.
In the instrument shewn in Figure 60, h is a semi-circular magnetic or non-
magnetic elastic strip holding the parts of the core in elastic suspension and
attached at its middle point to the diaphragm g. The parts of the core are
inserted in each end of the electro-magnet f so that their inner ends nearly touch
one another.
This form of instrument can be greatly modified and applied to all forms of

page_text: cores where a tongue, reed, loop or other projecting part causes vibrations in the
diaphragm, as the attraction between the two inner points at is greater, when
operating within the influence of the coil, than that upon armatures attracted at
the points . These forms of receiving instruments may serve as transmitters.
An additional advantage is that non-metallic tongues or strips can be used in the
place of magnetic tongues or strips, the parts of the core attracting each other
inst ad of attracting an armature. These cores can be made of a number of wires
or pieces held together and forming a number of miniature magnets, or the coro
may be split into two or more picces lengthwise, either wholly or partially, as shown
in Figures 00, 60, 60, 60. By placing iron filings between the cores, the
transmitting efficiency of these instruments may be increased. If used as a trans-
mitter alone, carbon may be employed between the cores at the point, Figure GO.
A modification of this arrangement is shown in Figure 61 in which the armature is
U-shaped and the cores project, one within each of the electro-magnets f.
In Figure 62 is shown a receiving instrument embodying the principle of con-
struction hereinbefore described with reference to the first part of my invention,
that is to say, the employment of a divided disc or diaphragm. In this Figuro
a, a, are the two plates or parts of the diaphragm, which are provided with
extensions bent so as to form armatures projecting at right angles to the diaphragm;
each of these arinatures extends across the field of one of the electro-magnets fand
is secured to the case by a brass screw n³. The two plates or parts of the
diaphragın are either made of magnetic metal or they are made of non-magnetic
material and have armatures of magnetic metal secured to them, or by applying
the divided core the magnetic armature can be dispensed with, or I may make the
cores project upward and impinge upon the divided diaphragm a, d.
A further modification of the instrument illustrated in Figure 60 is shewn in
Figure 63, wherein a screw-theaded intermediate piece is inserted in the centre
of the wooden spool or bobbin in such a manner as to be in proper position to
operate as a magnet in combination with the cores attached to the curved strip h.
Other modifications thereof are shewn in Figures 64, 65, 66 and 67 wherein I employ
a number of pieces of iron acting as magnets and held in position within the
coil by means of the spiral wire 7, the adjustment of which, by means of the
nuts 3, places the inagnets in proper relation to each other. It is necessary for
the spiral coil, which may be made of any elastic material, to extend beyond the
core itself.
A brass adjusting screw may be inserted in the end piece of the
magnet either through the magnet or the case or both. By this means a proper
adjustment of the magnets is obtained. In the instrument illustrated in Figure GG
the spiral wire inay continue from one core to another, being curved so as to
impinge upon the diaphragm, or a loop may be placed between the wires.
A still further modification is shown in Figure 68 in which a series of pieces 23,
acting as magnets, are suitably fixed to a spiral wire or piece 7. By these means
I obtain a large number of magnetic poles elastically suspended within the same
coil. The instrument shewn in Figure 6S is preferably used in an upright position.
In the instruments shewn in Figures 64, 65, 66, and 67, the pieces 2 may either be
in the form of tubes or solid, and have either an internal or an external screw-thread
to enable them to be screwed into, or upon, the spiral wire, or they may be arranged
in any other manner suitable for the purpose. The wire enters the said screw-
thread and holds each of the pieces firmly in position and, when the wire or magnets
are adjusted to the proper position, the magnets or pieces are separated or adjusted
one from the other so as to be in the position to obtain the best results. In these
modifications, instead of employing a solid core or inagnet fastened rigidly in the
spool and a piece of metal projecting into the field of the said magnet, I use a series
of magnetic pieces, in a solid or other form, held in elastic suspension and arranged
in such a manner that the mutual attraction of the said pieces imparts motion
directly or indirectly to the diaphragm or disc.
Figures 69 and 70 show other forms or modifications of my instrument in which

page_text: motion is imparted to the diaphragm by the osemnation, either of the magnet, or of
the cores.
Having now described my improvements in telephonic instruments I wish it
understood that I do not limit myself to any unimportant or unessential details of
construction, such as the form or size of the cores, diaphragms, or magnets, or the
formation or construction of the case or box, or the position, or manner of attaching,
the discs, diaphragms or tympans, the magnets or the armatures, strips or pieces to
the same, but I claim :-
-
First. In a telephone transmitter, the combination of a divided disc (or disc
formed of parts separated or insulated from each other) with carbon or other
material suitable for varying the resistance between the two electrodes or parts of
the divided disc.
Second. The combination, with the divided disc, of the carbon pieces ³, the
carbon ball or rod d, and the granulated or powdered carbon, substantially as
described with reference to figure 19 of the Drawings.
Third. In a telephone instrument, the combination of a disc, plate, or diaphragm
(or two of the same) with a tongue, strip, wire or piece of magnetic material (or
other elastic material having a piece of magnetic material attached thereto)
extending angularly from the said disc, plate, or diaphragın, into the field of a
magnet or magnets included in the telephonic circuit and so arranged that the
fluctuations, vibrations, or undulations of the current in the said circuit will
produce vibrations in the said tongue, strip, wire, or piece, which vibrations will
be transmitted mechanically to the disc or diaphragm.
Fourth: The modification of my invention wherein the intermediate piece h
of the receiver is a metal hoop, ring, ellipse or curved strip arranged in combination
with one or more magnets, and the disc or diaphragm, substantially as in either
of the examples shewn in figures 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, or 42 of the
accompanying drawings.
Fifth The modifications of my invention wherein the armature, strip, or tongue h,
which is attached to the disc or diaphragm of the receiver, extends across the
magnetic field and is connected, or arranged in combination, with an adjusting
or regulating screw, substantially as shewn and described, and for the purposes
specified.
Sixth In a telephone receiver, the armature, strip, or tongue / bent and
extending beyond the inagnet-poles and between the limbs of a U-shaped magnet n,
substantially as described with reference to figure 49 of the drawings.
Seventh The modifications in the manufacture of the armatures and discs of
my improved instruments, substantially as described with reference to Figures
51, 51, 52 and 52º.
Eighth In a telephone transmitter or receiver, a coil of wire within which a
core formed of two or more pieces is operated, in combination with a tension-
regulator, substantially as described.
Ninth The modification of my invention wherein the armature or projecting
piece operates by twisting, or untwisting, winding, or unwinding, lengthening, or
shortening, two or more bent or twisted wires, cords, or the like which are
attached to the diaphragm, substantially as described and shown in figure 54 of
the drawings.
Tenth: The modification of my invention wherein the armature his pivotted or
hinged, as at , and has one end in contact with the disc or diaphragm 3, the other
arm extending into the magnetic field, substantially as described with reference to
Figure 55 of the drawings.
Eleventh The combination of the divided diaphragm or dise with the other
parts of the receiver, substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 62. of the
drawings.
Twelfth The modification of my invention wherein the armature is a strip,
tongue, reed or wire composed of magnetic and non-magnetic material passing

page_text: through an electro-magnet f and between the poles of a permanent magnet π and
secured at one end to a block 23 of insulating material and at the other end to the
diaphragm g, substantially as described with reference to Figures 57 and 58 of tho
drawings.
Thirteenth The combination, with the permanent magnet n and the electro-
magnets of the armature & secured at one end to the diaphragm g and at the
other end to the said permanent magnet, substantially as described with referenco
to Figure 59 of the drawings.
Fourteenth The combination of a sectional core elastically held, and a non-
magnetic diaphragm and strip or tongue, or substitute for the same, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67 and GS.
Fifteenth-The modifications of my telephone instrument in which a number of
pieces, arranged within a coil to act as magnets, are fixed to, or elastically suspended
in, or upon, a spiral wire, or the like, connected to the disc or diaphragm, or to a
piece projecting therefrom, and adjustable by means of screws or nuts, sub-
stantially as set forth with reference to Figures 64, 65, 66, 67 and 68 of the
drawings.
Sixteenth-The modifications of my invention wherein one or more coils, in
combination with a diaphragm, aro placed in such a position as to impart
vibrations to the same by oscillation, as described with reference to Figures
69 and 70
In witness whereof I the said I, José Dottin Husbands have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Sixth day of December in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
JOSÉ DOTTIN HUSBANDS. (L.S.)