IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR AND OTHER BRUSHES
Year: 1885

page_text: We JAMES RAPER, MASON PEARSON, and FREDERICK GILL, all of the firm of
Raper, Pearson & Gill, of Royal Victor Place, Old Ford Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Brush Makers, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for
'IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR AND OTHER BRUSHES," to be as follows:-
"
We make our improved brushes of bristles of a stiff nature isolated, or placed
singly and separately each in a hole in an india rubber pad or sheet, their
retention therein being secured by suitable cement or glue composition (for which
purpose what is known in commerce as "Prout's Patent Elastic Glue" answers
satisfactorily) applied. on the back or hidden side of, the india rubber sheet and
which will serve to cover the inner, or root ends and lock each bristle in its proper
situation.
This sheet of rubber with its series of isolated single bristles is somewhat, more
or less, compressed, or secured, and fastened into a recess, or secured to, the front
of a brush back with, or without, a suitable handle-preferably in the placing of
the rubber sheet an arching or doming is effected which imparts a springiness and
roundness with enhancement of elegance to the brush.
In place of india rubber other suitable elastic soft pliant material may be
employed for the elastic sheet whereinto the separate bristles are to be entered and
secured.
Amongst the advantages resulting from our improvements are the economy of
materials, greater facility for cleanliness, greater penetration of the bristles into
the substance treated, greater elasticity from the combined pliancy of the bristles
and rubber sheet, which replaces the rigid board of the usual constructions,
particularly in brushes for the hair and other toilet uses, as well as for other
brushes.

page_text: Improvements in Hair and other ðrusues.
We JAMES RAPER, MASON PEARSON, and FREDERICK GILL, all of the firm of
Raper. Pearson & Gill of Royal Victor Place Old. Ford Road in the County of
Middlesex, Brush Makers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
We make our improved brushes of bristles of a stiff nature isolated cr placed
singly and separately each bristle or each end of a bristle in a hole in an india
rubber pad or sheet, strengthened if desired by cementing thereto a backing or
layer of a textile fabric or strengthening sheet the retention of these single bristles
therein being secured by the application of any suitable india-rubber or such like
cement or composition such as are well known to manufacturers of waterproof
rubber clothing applied on the back or hidden side of the india rubber and sheet
of fabric further adding a covering over all of cemented fabric if desired but the
relative arrangement of the layers of rubber or rubber combined fabric and sheet
of textile fabric covering the stumps or ends of the bristles may be varied and
which cement will serve to cover the inner, or root ends holding and locking each
bristle in its proper situation in the brush.
:
Figure 1 shews a section of such a brush and Fig. 2 a front view.
Fig. 3 shews a front view of the brush back partly in section to better indicate
the undercutting of the recess for the india rubber sheet holding the bristles.
Figure 4 is a section of the brush back on the line xx of Fig. 3. Figures 5 and 6
shew respectively front and back views of the pad or sheet for the bristles to be
held. One half of the pad in each view is supposed to be filled with bristles of the
half staple kind and the other half ready to receive them.
Figures 7 aud 8 respectively shew a section and an end view of a pad filled with
bristles. Figure 9 is a single bristle or half staple bristle separately the dotted
lines indicating the position of a pad and Figure 10 is a like view of a bristle,
staple or Ushaped, adapted for each end to protrude through a separate hole in
the pad and to be held by the middle part of the bristle being locked into the
fabric of the pad. The applied bristles in the elastic pad may be either L or
U shaped.
a is the india rubber or elastic pad or sheet of bellied or domed contour the
edges a of which are pressed into the undercut grooves d' of the recess of the
front of the brush back d leaving a vacant space between the inner side of back d
and the inner surface of the dome or bellied elastic pad a in which air is retained
or may be drawn in and forced out through the drift d³ under the influence of
pressure on the bristles.
b are the bristles the inner ends 61 of which next the brush back if half bristles
are generally folded down on to the inner side of the pad so as to give the cement
a better retentive hold to secure them to the sheet a whilst when of staple form
the part 6 behind the pad serves as a secure lock.
c is the textile lining to the pad a.

page_text: d is the brush back. d¹ the undercut retaining wall of brush back d' the brush
handle, da small drift or hole for passage of air to and from the chamber formed
under the pad and between it and the brush back.
This pad or sheet of rubber a with its series of isolated single bristles or ends of
bristles b is somewhat, more or less, compressed, or secured and fastened into a
recess formed in the front of a brush back d or the pad may be otherwise
secured to the front of the brush and either with or without a suitable handle d²
to the brush, provided that in the placing of the rubber pad or sheet a in the
recess d in the brush back d an arching or doming is secured to it which imparts
a springiness to the bristles and by its roundness or curvature is attended with
great enhancement of the elegance of appearance imparted to the finished brush.
In place of india rubber other suitable elastic soft pliant material may be
employed for the elastic sheet whereinto the separate bristles or part bristles are
to be entered and secured.
Amongst the advantages resulting from our improvements are the economy of
materials, greater facility for cleanliness, greater penetration of the bristles into
the substance treated, greater elasticity from the combined pliancy of the bristles
and rubber sheet, which replaces the rigid board of the usual constructions,
particularly in brushes for the hair and other toilet uses, as well as for other
brushes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In a hair or other brush the india rubber or elastic brush pad or sheet having
separately isolated bristles set therein, held in position by cementing the backs
thereof to the pad or sheet secured to a handle or holder so as to leave an elastic
air or like bearing cushion between the surfaces as set forth.
2. In hair and other brushes the stiff bristles singly isolated or placed each
separately and secured in holes in an india rubber or other elastic sheet provided
with a supporting air bed or chamber in manner substantially as set forth.
3. In a hair or other brush the combination of the singly isolated bristles b
elastic pad or supporting sheet a with a supporting air bed or chamber and brush
back d, arranged and secured in position as set forth.
4. In a hair or other brush the combination or arrangement of pad or sheet of
rubber or elastic material supporting bristles arranged each separately isolated
therein and secured at the back by cement and a backing sheet and held in an
undercut groove in the brush back so as to form an air space, bed, or elastic
backing substantially as set forth.