Improvements in Machines for Reducing Paper Stock to Pulp.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Jan., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Feb., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Reducing Paper Stock to Pulp.
I, AUGUSTUS P. BROWN, of Rock Falls, in the County of Whiteside and
State of Illinois, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to machines for reducing paper stock to pulp, and is
illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Figures 1 and 2 are, respectively, a side elevation and a plan of a machine
embodying the invention, portions being broken away in each of the figures.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation showing some of the parts in detail and on a
larger scale.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 are diagrammatic views showing several modifications all
embodying the generic feature of the said invention.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.
In reducing paper stock to pulp, in the manufacture of paper, perfection is
attained not by pulverizing or comminuting the stock, but by disintegrating it,
or, in other words, separating its integrant fibres from each other. This result is
best accomplished by the use of a revolving bed-plate (as distinguished from a
fixed bed-plate) working in conjunction with a beater-roll, and in a successfully
operating machine, these parts must be so related to each other and to the mid-
feather that the necessary circulation is kept up, and the object of the present
invention is to so arrange the revolving bed-plate, beater-roll and mid-feather
with relation to each other, as to produce the best possible circulation. To this
end the invention consists in certain features of novelty to be hereinafter
described.
A represents a tank or vat which need not be different in construction from the
tanks or vats heretofore used in pulp machines. In one of its sides said tank is
provided with vertical slots or openings a through which passes the shaft b'of a
beater-roll B, which may be of customary construction. The shaft bis journalled
in boxes & that are carried by beams C, each of which is pivotally supported at
one end by an upright D, and at the other end by an upright E through the
medium of an adjusting mechanism, as plainly shown in Figure 3. This adjusting
mechanism consists of the parts e, F, F¹, f, Ġ, g, g¹ H, I, J, K, but as no novelty
is claimed for it there is no necessity for describing it more particularly.
C
L is a second roll which is or may be in all respects similar in construction to
the beater-roll already described, and which I prefer to designate as a revolving
bed-plate. These two rolls are so geared that they revolve in opposite directions
(or, in other words, so that their adjacent faces move in the same direction) but
at different surface speeds, the beater-roll proper having preferably three times
the surface speed of the revolving bed-plate. These two rolls act to draw or pull
the stock apart, rather than to cut or grind it, and this peculiar action produces a
fibrous pulp very much superior in quality to the pulp that is produced by a
revolving beater-roll acting in conjunction with a fixed bed-plate. The mechanism
shown in the drawing for driving the rolls consists simply of pulleys M and N
fixed to the shafts of the rolls B and L, respectively, and belts M' and N'
embracing said pulleys, and pulleys O and P, respectively, which are fixed to the
main driving shaft Q, the diameters of the several pulleys being determined by the
desired surface speeds of the rolls.

page_text: Within the tank is a partition R technically known as a "mid-feather," which
terminates at one end in proximity to one of the rolls and terminates at the
other end some distance from the end of the said tank so as to leave between
them a sufficient space for circulation, said mid-feather. being located above the
bottom of the tank and below the water line thereof, so as to divide the tank
into two passages, located one above the other for the circulation of the material.
In Figures 1 and 2, two of these mid-feathers are shown, both being horizontal
and located between the horizontal planes of the top and bottom peripheries of
the revolving bed-plate. In Figure 4 only one mid-feather is shown. It is
horizontal and located between the horizontal planes of the highest and lowest
points on the periphery. of the beater-roll. Here the circulation is between the
rolls, thence horizontally beneath the mid-feather thence upward past the end of
the mid-feather, thence horizontally over the mid-feather and beater-roll, thence
downward between the beater-roll and the end of the tank and thence between
the rolls again, a back-fall S being arranged on the discharge side of the rolls,
opposite the revolving bed-plate.
In Figure 5 only a single mid-feather is used. It is slightly inclined on its top
side and located opposite the revolving bed-plate, the back-fall S being located on
the opposite side of the revolving bed-plate. Here the material circulates between
the rolls, thence upward over the back-fall, thence downward between the back-fall
and the end of the tank, thence horizontally beneath the revolving bed-plate and
mid-feather, thence upward between the end of the mid-feather and the end of the
tank, thence horizontally over the mid-feather and thence again between the rolls.
In Figure 6 the construction differs from that shown in Figure 5, in that the
mid-feather and back-fall are constructed as one part, and two revolving bed-plates
are used.
In all of these machines the same principle is involved.
that they give the material an impetus as it leaves them
disposed so as to facilitate the circulation.
The rolls are so related
and the mid-feather is
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. In a pulp machine, the combination of a tank, a horizontal beater-roll located
with the lower portion of its periphery below the water line of the tank, a roll
located beneath the beater-roll and serving as a revolving bed-plate, means for
revolving said rolls in opposite directions, and a mid-feather terminating at one end
in proximity to one of the rolls and terminating at the other end some distance
from the end of the tank so as to leave between them a space for circulation, the
mid-feather being located above the bottom of the tank and below the water line
so as to divide the tank into two passages, located' one above the other, for the
circulation of the material, a passage being also left between the rolls and the end
of the tank that is opposite the end above referred to, substantially as set forth.
2. In a pulp machine, the combination of a tank, a horizontal beater-roll located
with the lower portion of its periphery. below the water line of the tank, a roll
located beneath the beater-roll and serving as a revolving bed-plate, means for
revolving said rolls in opposite directions, a mid-feather terminating at one end in
proximity to one of the rolls and terminating at the other end some distance from
the end of the tank so as to leave between them a space for circulation, the mid-
feather being located on the receiving side of the rolls, opposite the revolving
bed-plate, above the bottom of the tank and below the water line so as to divide
the tank into two passages, located one above the other, for the circulation of the
material, and a back fall located on the discharge side of the rolls, and terminating
some distance from the end of the tank, substantially as set forth.
3. In a pulp machine the combination of a tank, a horizontal beater-roll located
with the lower portion of its periphery below the water line of the tank, a roll
loted beneath the beater-roll and serving as a revolving bed-plate, means for

page_text: revolving said rolls in opposite directions, and a mid-feather located in a plane
between the horizontal planes of the highest and lowest points on the periphery of
the revolving bed plate and extending from said bed plate toward the end of the
tank, but terminating some distance therefrom so as to permit the material to
circulate around its end, substantially as set forth.
.
4. In a pulp machine, the combination with a tank and a two-part partition
located above the bottom and below the water-line of the tank, of a revolving bed-
plate located between the two parts of the partition, and a beater-roll located above
the bed-plate, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 23rd day of January 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
.45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.