IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM BOLLERS OR STEAM GENERATORS.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Henry Lloyd, of Wednesbury, in the
County of Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM BOLLERS OR STEAM GENERATORS.
23
Sealed the 11th December 1874, and dated the 1st July 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Henry Lloyd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st July 1874.
I, FRANCIS HENRY LLOYD, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
'IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
steam boilers or steam generators, which improvements are applicable to
boilers of various constructions, and may also be made part of the
-integral structure of the boiler itself.
ク
My said improvements greatly increase the heat absorbing surface of
the boiler, and economize fuel; they also promote the rapid generation

page_text: of steam, and facilitate the removal of any incrustation which may be
formed by the lime or other earthy salts contained in the feed water.
My said improvements are as follows:-
In the flue of the boiler or in the furnace of the boiler I introduce
one or more heaters constructed in the following manner:-I take 2
tubes of different diameters and fix one within the other either concen-
trically or eccentrically, the space between the ends of the tubes being
closed by ring-shaped caps, which are attached to the tubes by screws,
so as to be capable of being readily detached. The heater thus made
consists of a cylindrical vessel having a tubular passage in or parallel
to its axis; this heater is fixed in the flue or furnace in a horizontal
position, and by means of a pipe or pipes attached to it is connected
with the boiler. The heater is provided with a pipe through which the
feed water is supplied to the boiler after traversing the whole length of
the heater. The said heater from its position in the flue or furnace is
exposed to great heat, and the feed water in passing through it deposits
therein the greater part of the earthy matter dissolved in it. The
deposit formed in the heater is casily removed by detaching the heater
from the boiler, and replacing it with a duplicate. The incrusted heater
is then taken to pieces and cleaned. The said heater may be made larger
or smaller to suit the flue or furnace with which it has to be used. Two or
more of the said heaters may be used where the flue or furnace room is
sufficient, and instead of being fixed horizontally the heater or heaters
may be fixed in an inclined position; or in vertical boilers the heater or
heaters may be fixed vertically in the vertical flue. Besides heating
the feed water, and thereby depriving it of its earthy constituents before
it enters the boiler, the said heaters absorb a large amount of heat
which would otherwise be lost, and effect the rapid heating of the water
and the generation of a large additional volume of steam. The said
heaters may be made an integral part of the boiler itself, whether the
boiler be vertical or horizontal.
In vertical boilers I employ a series of the said heaters which are
pendent by their outer tubes from the horizontal top chamber of the
boiler. The inner tubes pass through the said chamber, and open into
the flue above. Other pipes external to the heaters pass from the fire-
space through the said chamber to the flue. There is thus provided a
through passage for the fire both inside and outside the heaters. The
feed water is introduced at or near the end of one or more of the heaters,

page_text: or into a water space with which the outer tubes are connected. Besides
communicating with the top chamber of the boiler, as described, the
said heaters may also be put into communication at their lower ends
with the vertical water space of the boiler. The same arrangement may
be readily adapted to horizontal boilers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Francis Henry Lloyd in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
HENRY LLOYD, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the First day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Francis Henry Lloyd,
Her special license that I, the said Francis Henry Lloyd, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Francis Henry Lloyd, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR STEAM
GENERATORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Francis Henry Lloyd, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Henry Lloyd, do hereby

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
steam boilers or steam generators, which improvements are also applicable
to boilers of various constructions, and may also be made part of the
integral structure of the boiler itself.
My said improvements greatly increase the heat absorbing surface of
the boiler, and economize fuel; they also promote the rapid generation
of steam.
My said improvements are as follows :-
In the flue of the boiler, or in the furnace of the boiler, I introducc
one or more heaters constructed in the following manner :--I take two
tubes of different diameters and fix one within the other either concen-
trically or cccentrically, the space between the ends of the tubes being
closed by ring-shaped caps or otherwise. The heater thus made consists
of a cylindrical vessel having a tubular passage in or parallel to its
axis; this heater is fixed in the flue or furnace in a horizontal position,
and by means of a pipe or pipes attached to it is connected with the
boiler. The heater may be provided with a pipe through which the feed
water is supplied to the boiler after traversing the whole length of the
heater. The said heater from its position in the flue or furnace is
exposed to great heat; should any deposit be formed in the heater it is
easily removed by detaching the heater from the boiler and replacing
the said heater with a duplicate. The incrusted heater is then taken to
pieces, and cleaned. The said heater may be made larger or smaller to
suit the flue or furnace with which it has to be used. Two or more of
the said heaters may be used where the flue or furnace room is sufficient,
and instead of being fixed horizontally the heater or heaters may be
fixed in an inclined position; or in vertical boilers the heater or heaters
may be fixed vertically in the vertical flue. Besides heating the feed
water the said heaters absorb a large amount of heat, which would
otherwise be lost, and effect the rapid heating of the water, and the
generation of a large additional volume of steam. The said heaters may
be made an integral part of the boiler itself, whether the boiler be
vertical or horizontal.
In vertical boilers I employ a series of the said heaters, which are
pendent by their outer tubes from the horizontal top chamber of the

page_text: boiler. The inner tubes pass through the said chamber, and open into
the fluc above. Other pipes external to the heaters pass from the fire-
space through the said chamber to the flue; there is thus provided a
through passage for the fire both inside and outside the heaters. The:
feed water is introduced at or near the end of one or more of the heaters,
or into a water space with which the water tubes are connected. Besides
communicating with the top chamber of the boiler, as described, the
said heaters may also be put into communication at their lower ends
with the vertical water space of the boiler. The same arrangement may
be readily adapted to horizontal boilers.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying
Drawings the manner in which my Invention may be carried out.
Figure 1 represents in end elevation and Figure 2 in longitudinal
section an ordinary egg-ended cylindrical boiler containing my improve-
ments. The heaters constituting my Invention are marked a, b, and
consist of two tubes, an outer tube a and an inner tube b, the ends of
the spaces between the tubes, that is the spaces at c, being closed so as
to form a tube with hollow sides. The said heaters are connected with
the bottom of the boiler by short connecting tubes d, and the water con-
tained in the hollow walls of the heaters a, b, is in free communication
with the water of the boiler. The fire and products of combustion
circulate or pass through the interior of the tube of the heater, and
around the outer tube a of the said heater, and a large accession of
heating surface in the boiler is obtained by the use of the said heaters.
I prefer to make the feed water pass through one of the said heaters.
:
Figure 3 represents in cross section, Figure 4 in longitudinal section,
and Figure 5 in horizontal section a boiler with an internal flue to
which my Invention is applied. One or more heaters of the kind herein-
before described may be used in the boiler, Figures 3, 4, and 5. In the
Drawing I have only represented one of the said heaters a, b, connected
at a² with the upper part of the boiler, and at b² with the lower part of
the boiler. The connections a², 62, permit of a freĉ circulation of water
through the heater a, b, and also of the ready escape of the steam
formed into the upper part of the boiler. Two or more of the heaters a, b,
may be fixed in the internal flue of the boiler, in which case they may
be placed side by side on the same level, or may be otherwise arranged,
Heaters of the kind described and represented may be applied to other

page_text: of the ordinary kinds of boilers besides those represented in Figures 1,
2, 3, 4, and 5; but I believe the description and representation given
will suffice to make my Invention clear with respect to its application to
all of the ordinary forms of boilers.
Figure 6 represents in longitudinal section, Figure 7 in end elevation,
and Figure 8 in cross section (the said Figure 8 showing in clevation the
water spaces at the fire-box end of the boiler herein-after referred to) a
locomotive boiler in which the heaters constructed according to my
Invention are connected with water spaces, both at the fire-box and
smoke box ends of the boiler. The heaters are marked a, b, in the said
Figures 6 and 8; the fire-box water space, into which the heaters at the
fire-box end open, is marked d, and the water space at the smoke box
end, into which the heaters at the said smoke box end open, is marked e.
There are smaller tubes farranged in the water spaces d, e, around the
heaters a, b, as well as a central larger tube g in the said water spaces d, e.
My improvements may be applied to marine boilers in a way essentially
the same as that in which they are applied to locomotive boilers.
Figure 9 represents in clevation, Figure 10 in vertical section, and
Figure 11 in horizontal section a vertical boiler containing my improve-
ments. In this boiler, and in the locomotive boiler last described, the
heaters constitute an integral part of the boiler. The said boiler contains
an upper water space and a lower water space i. A series of heaters a, b,
constructed according to my Invention open at bottom into the lower
water space, and at top into the upper water space h, the upper and
lower water spaces being provided with a series of smaller tubes / sur-
rounding the heaters a, b, as well as with a central tube 7. The way in
which the fire and products of combustion pass through the heaters a, b,
and tubes and will be understood by an examination of Figure 10.
The boiler, Figures 9, 10, and 11, may be made without the lower water
space i, the heaters a, b, being supported by or pendent from the upper
water space h, and connected by tubes to the vertical water space at or
near their lower ends.
Figure 12 represents in end elevation, Figure 13 in longitudinal
section, and Figure 14 in plan the application of my improvements to
boilers heated by the waste gases of blast furnaces, or by waste heat
from any other source. Figures 15, 16, 17, and 18 represent parts of
the same on a larger scale. a, b, are the heaters constructed in the

page_text: manner herein-before explained. These beaters terminate in vertical
water spaces m, m, communicating with the steam chest p by means
of pipes q, q; ", r, is the flue of the blast furnace, in which flue the
heaters a, b, and vertical water spaces m, m, are situated; 8, s, are the
walls of the flue ". The heated waste gases from the blast furnace
passing along the flue heat the water spaces m, m, and the exterior and
interior of the heaters a, b.
Figure 15 represents in vertical section on a larger scale one of the
vertical water spaces m, and shows how the said water space is built up
from sheet iron and angle iron; and Figure 16 shows a horizontal
section of the same taken through the line A, Figure 15. I do not
however limit myself to the method of building up the water spaces
represented, as welded tubes may be employed, or other methods of
construction adopted. In the said Figures 15 and 16 a is the outer
tube, and the inner tube of the heater. Figure 17 represents in
horizontal section a front and back water space m, and the intermediate
heater a, b, the said section, Figure 17, being taken along the line B,
Figure 13.
Figure 18 shows a vertical longitudinal section of the lower part of a
front and back water space m, m, and the intermediate heater a, b,
and illustrates the manner in which the said parts are put together.
An arrangement essentially the same as that last described may be
employed in conjunction with a furnace of its own, instead of being
heated by the waste gases from another furnace.
Figure 19 represents in front clevation, Figure 20 in vertical longi-
tudinal section, Figure 21 in vertical cross section, and Figure 22 in
plan an arrangement of this kind. The fire at t is immediately under
the rows of horizontal caters a, b, the flame and heated air passing
outside the heaters a, b, returning through the top flue u, and finally
passing to the stack at through the interior of the heaters a, b.
Or the fire may take a contrary course; it may pass first through the
heaters, then through the fluc in the top chamber, and pass around
the outsides of the heaters to the stack.
Systems of heaters combined with water spaces similar to those last
described, and represented in Figures 12 to 22, may be connected with
boilers of other constructions than those with which I have described
and represented them connected.

page_text: In all the arrangements described and represented I prefer to supply
the feed water to the boiler through one or more of the heaters.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as
the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my.
Invention; but I claim as my Invention,-
First. The improvements in steam boilers or steam generators herein-
before described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say, the application to or combination with cylin-
drical and other forms of steam boilers, where the heat is applied
externally, of the heaters a, b, constructed substantially as described and
illustrated.
Secondly. The improvements in steam boilers or steam generators
herein before described and illustrated in Figures 3, 4, and 5 of the 1
accompanying Drawings, that is to say, the application to or com-
bination with the internal flues of boilers of one or more of the
heaters a, b, substantially as described and illustrated.
Thirdly. The improvements in locomotive, marine, and other like
boilers herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 6, 7, and 8 of 2
the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, the combination with the
said boilers of the heaters a, b, substantially as described and
illustrated.
Fourthly. The improvements in vertical steam boilers or steam
generators herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 9, 10, and 2
11 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, combining the
heaters a, b, with water spaces at top and bottom, or with a water space
at the top only of the boiler, the heater or heaters in the latter case
being by preference connected by tubes at their lower ends to the lower
part of the vertical water space of the boiler, substantially as described 3
and illustrated.
Lastly. The improvements in steam boilers or steam generators heated
by the waste heat of blast furnaces or other waste heat herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 12 to 18, both inclusive, of the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say, the combination of the 3
heaters a, b, with the vertical water spaces m, m, of the boiler, sub-

page_text: arrangement of heaters a, b, and water spaces m, m, to steam boilers
or steam generators having furnaces of their own, as illustrated in
Figures 19 to 22; also, the application of the same combined heaters
and water spaces to other steam boilers or steam generators to which
they are applicable.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Henry Lloyd, have liere-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-four.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
FRANCIS HENRY LLOYD. (L.S.)