Improvements connected with Brushes for Marking Lines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left. 24th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with Brushes for Marking Lines.
We, GEORGE FRANK KINCAID, Mechanical Engineer, and HIPPOLYTE GOUJON,
Gentleman, both of the City and County of San Francisco, State of California,
one of the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an attachment for lining-brushes, and its object is to
enable the user. to draw readily, and without much practice, straight or curved lines
of constant width whether it be in oil or water color paints.
It consists as follows:-
-
An elongated and slightly-curved plate provided with a central ring or clamp,
constitutes the holder for the brush, the latter being firmly secured therein by a
set-screw fitted in one side of the ring.
The holder is mounted upon the upper part of a support, or standard, by means
of a screw passing through and loosely fitted in said standard and bearing said
holder on its point.
The lower end of this standard has to bear upon the surface painted or drawn
upon and, to this end, it is carefully rounded and smoothed, or else provided with a
bearing-wheel, preferably made of soft material.
The brush is set in its holder so that its point will project below the bearing
point of the standard, with the obvious result that when filled with ink, or paint,
and slid perpendicularly, along with the standard, over some surface, it leaves a
homogeneous line of unvarying width in its path. The lines thus drawn are more
or less fine, according as the point of the brush projects more or less below the
bearing point of the holder-support or standard.
Curved lines may be drawn with this attachment, as well as straight ones, and to
accomplish this, it is simply necessary to fit the upper end of the standard so that
it may be secured to one leg of a compass.
Whenever it is desired to hold the brush in a plane exactly perpendicular to the
surface gone over, we use a standard having two bearing points, that is to say
bifurcated at its lower end. The branches or legs of such standard may be used
with or without wheels, as the plain standard, or one leg may be provided with a
wheel and the other simply rounded and smoothed, as preferred.
Dotted lines or fancy lines growing alternately wider and narrower may be drawn
with a brush provided with our improved attachment, by using a standard having
an elliptical wheel, and adjusting the brush to suit. If a dotted line is wanted, the
brush is set so as to leave marks only when the major axis of the wheel is parallel
with the surface travelled over. Should one, on the other hand, desire fancy lines of
varying width, the brush must not be set so high, but allowed to touch the surface
gone over, whatever be the position of its inajor or minor axis, the width of the
fine varying in proportion to the tip of the brush is brought to bear upon the
objects painted or drawn upon.
The height of the brush in the holder is usually regulated by hand. This,
however, is done by mechanical means in a more complete and convenient form of
our device. In the latter case, the brush is clamped in a small tube provided with
a rack, which is engaged by an endless screw fitted in the side of the central ring
of the ordinary holder. A simple turn of the screw in one direction or the other
raises or lowers, as the case may be, the tube and the brush clamped therein.
It is not expedient to fill the brush with ink or paint while in a parallel line with
the standard, since the bearing point of the latter would ordinarily become soiled

page_text: during the operation. It is to avoid this that the holder-bearing screw, above-
mentioned, is fitted loosely in the standard, which is thus enabled to revolve about
it as a centre, and can be brought at a right angle with the brush-holder, so that
its bearing point will be away from the point of the brush.
Normally, however, the brush, and consequently its tube or holder, must be.kept
in a parallel line with the standard or holder-support. To effect this purpose, we
provide the lower end of the brush-holder with lugs, which project on each side of
the standard and keep it from moving sidewise, while a spiral spring wound around
the holder-bearing screw constantly presses the standard and holder together.
To provide for the disengagement of the standard from the lugs, whenever it is
desired to fill the brush with ink or paint, we make its upper end curved and
receding from the upper end of the brush-holder. By pressing the curved end of
the standard against the upper end of the holder, the standard is freed from the
lugs projecting from the lower end of the holder, and it may be turned aside so as
to conveniently fill the brush, after which it may be brought back to its original
position.
The various forms of standards above referred to, whether plain, bifurcated or
provided with circular or elliptical wheels are all made interchangeable, so that the
same brush and holder may be used with anyone of them, according to the style of
line desired.
Our improved attachment may be made of divers materials, such as metal,
ivory, rubber, etc., and it may vary in size to suit the requirements of draughtsmen,
lithographers, book-binders, painters, or other people who desire to use it.
2
.Dated this 24th day of November 1890.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicants.
=
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with Brushes for Marking Lines.
We, GEORGE FRANK KINCAID, Mechanical Engineer, and HIPPOLYTE GOUJON,
Gentleman, both of the City and County of San Francisco, State of California, 36
one of the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an attachment for lining-brushes, and its object is to
enable the user to draw readily and without much practice straight or curved lines 3.
of constant width whether it be in oil or water colour paints.
This object is attained by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings
in which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the device;
Fig. 2 a front view of the same showing the brush-holder at a right angle with 4
its support;
Fig. 3 a front elevation looking from the left of Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 4 a sectional elevation taken from Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 a front elevation of the device with its lower end bifurcated;
Fig. 6 a perspective view of the attachment with the lining-brush clamped 4
thereto;
Fig. 7 a view similar' to Fig. 5 but showing only one leg of the instrument
provided with a bearing-wheel;
Fig. 8 a front elevation of an attachment provided with an elliptical bearing-
wheel instead of a circular one as in the preceding figure;
5
Fig. 9 a front elevation of an attachment having an extension whereby it may be
secured to a compass;
Fig. 10 a like view of an attachment devoid of any bearing-wheel;
Fig. 11 a side clevation representing an attachment of modified form; and

page_text: Fig. 12 a perspective view illustrating the practical application of the invention.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout all the
views.
Let a represent a brush-holder, and a brush inserted therein. This holder may
be made of metal, or any other suitable material. It may be given various shapes
as circumstances may suggest but we prefer making it as illustrated in the drawings
herewith where it is shown (see Figs. 1, 4 and 6) as consisting of an elongated and
slightly curved plate provided with a central clamp adapted to encircle the brush.
A set-screw a fitted in one side of the clamp keeps the brush firmly in place when
in use.
The holder a is mounted upon a standard d upon which it is held by means of a
screw e loosely fitted in the piece d. The upper end of this standard is curved
outwardly at to allow it, when desired, a certain movement towards the upper end
of the holder a as will be explained further on. The holder and standard are
usually parallel with each other and kept in this position by lugs g g projecting
from the lower end of a on each side of d and by a spiral spring / wound about the
screw e.
The lower end of the standard & has to bear upon the surface to be painted or
drawn upon, and therefore it has to be specially adapted for this purpose. If it be
used without accessories as represented in Fig. 10 it should be carefully rounded
and polished to avoid scratching or leaving marks on the objects upon which it
bears. It is preferable however to provide it with one or two bearing-wheels i
made of metal or better of ivory or rubber, or some such smooth and comparatively
soft substance. One wheel will answer for ordinary purposes but if it be desired to
hold the brush very straight while working it would be advantageous to form the
lower end of the standard into two branches or legs d¹ d² and provide each leg with
a bearing-wheel as shown in Fig. 5 or else attach a wheel to one leg and use the
other as a plain bearing, as illustrated in Fig. 7. Standards embracing these
various modifications should be kept on hand and made interchangeable so that one
may be substituted for the other, as the nature of the work to be performed may
call for.
The operation is as follows ;-
The brush is placed in the holder a as shown in Fig. 6, and its point made to
project more or less below the bearing point of the standard d according as one
wants to draw fine or heavy lines the width of the lines depending on the distance
the brush juts out downwards. It having been charged with ink or paint, it is then
set up vertically and the standard d made to slide or roll as the case may be, over
the paper or other surface to be drawn upon or painted thus carrying the brush
along and leaving a homogeneous line of unvarying width in its path. When it is
desired to refill the brush with ink or paint, the curved upper end of the standard
is pressed inwardly against the holder a so as to cause its lower end to swing
outward away from the lugs and disengage it therefrom. The standard being
free from the lugs it is revolved about the screw e as a centre until it comes into
the position shown in Fig. 2, when the brush may be filled. This being done the
standard is returned to its original position, and the instrument is again ready
for use.
The above described device may be employed to draw curved lines as well as
straight ones, and to accomplish this it is simply necessary to use a standard having
at its upper end an extension (Fig. 9) whereby it may be attached to an ordinary
compass.
Dotted or wavy lines may also be drawn with this attachment by using a standard
provided with an elliptical wheel such as is illustrated in Fig. 8 and adjusting the
brush to suit. If a dotted line is wanted the brush is set so as to leave marks only
when the major axis of the wheel is parallel with the surface travelled over. Should
one desire on the other hand, fancy lines of varying width, the brush must not be
set so high, but allowed to touch the surface gone over, whatever be the position of
its major or minor axis.

page_text: Fig. 11 represents an attachment of modified form. It has all the essential
features of the one previously described, with the additional advantage of being
provided with a mechanism for regulating the height of the brush. This mechanism
consists of an extra tube provided with a rack k engaged by an endless screw 1.
The brush is placed in the tube which is in turn fitted in the clamp of the holder a
and both are raised or lowered at will by a simple turn of the worm in one
direction or the other.
This improved attachment may be made in many different sizes so as to fit any
size of brush and will be found useful in many trades among which may be cited
drafting, architecture carriage and car-painting, lithography, sign painting etc. in
fact in any trade in which it is necessary to draw clean, solid and well-defined lines
with ink or paint.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is —
1. A lining brush attachment comprising a holder and a support or standard
therefor said standard adapted to bear upon the surface painted or drawn upon and
regulate the working of the brush by confining its movements within fixed limits
substantially as set forth.
2. A lining-brush attachment comprising a holder a standard therefor and one or
more wheels upon which said standard may rest and travel substantially as set
forth.
3. A lining-brush attachment comprising a holder provided with outwardly-pro-
jecting lugs a standard engaged by said lugs a loosely-fitted screw uniting said
holder and standard and a spring adapted to keep the same in close contact with
one another substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. A lining-brush attachment comprising a holder provided with outwardly-pro-
jecting lugs at its lower end a standard adapted to be engaged by said lngs said
standard having an outwardly-curved upper end adapted to be pushed inwardly
toward the upper end of said holder and thereby disengage said standard from said
lugs and means to normally keep said standard and lugs engaged substantially as
set forth.
5. A lining brush attachment comprising a holder and a standard therefor the
lower end of said standard being adapted to bear upon the surface painted or drawn
upon and the upper end of the same being provided with an extension whereby it
may be fitted to a compass and used for tracing curved lines substantially as set
forth.
6. A lining-brush attachment comprising a standard adapted to bear and travel
upon the surface to be painted or drawn upon a holder mounted thereon and means
for regulating the height of the brush in said holder with relation to the bearing
point of said standard substantially as set forth.
Dated this 24th day of September 1891.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT.