IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH FURNACES, Dona CALADO
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas John Constantine, of No. 61, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Manufacturer of the Treasure Range and Cooking
Vessels, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH FURNACES,
Dona
CALADO"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas John Constantine
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1880.
THOMAS JOHN CONSTANTINE, of No. 61, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer of the Treasure Range and Cooking Vessels. "IMPROVEMENTS
CONNECTED WITH FURNACES, RANGES, AND OPEN AND CLOSE FIRE PLACES."
This Invention relates to special details connected with furnaces, ranges, and
open and close fire places.
The first part of the Invention consists in so forming the lower outer edge of a
door for a furnace or close range that air may enter and pass up channels provided
on the inner surface of such a door, and of an inner plate or partition, or of the
inner plate only, and then through a series of apertures or over the top edge to
descend upon the other side of said inner plate, and then under a second inter-
mediate plate to openings provided in the upper portion of the inside plate, the
air being gradually heated in its passage as to bring it into a condition for mixing
with the smoke and gases arising from the fuel to aid in supporting combustion
and to consume the smoke. The inner face of the inside plate is provided with a
series of projections, which break the air into comparatively fine streams flowing
in irregular order through the chambers formed between the inside plate and the
next. Nozzles may be provided on the inside plate to lead the heated air towards
and directly over where the smoke rises.
The next part of the Invention consists in making projections or gills at the
side or sides of the fire baskets to form passages that separate bodies of air which
enter through the front side cheeks may be heated to the required intensity as to
bring the streams of air into a condition for commingling with the smoke for the
perfect combustion, said streams issuing from chambers or slots formed in the
upper portions of the side walls or from projecting nozzles thereon.

page_text: oven.
In some cases the gills are formed on the side or sides of the oven to absorb
heat;
these gills act in conjunction with the gills of the bottom plate of the
The next part of the Invention relates to the "bottom plates" of furnaces and
close ranges, and consists in channelling the under surface to form air spaces, and
in forming lips on the upper surface at the sides and back, over which tubes may
be fitted, said tubes being separate or formed in a piece with the side and back
walls of the fire basket that streams of air can be heated on their passage through
the channels and the tubes, and issue from the upper portions of the fire basket
or from nozzled outlets that the streams of highly heated air commingle with the
smoke and vapour arising from the fire, and effect consumption of the smoke.
The next part of the Invention consists in grooving or channelling the upper
surfaces of the bars of the bottom grates of close ranges in order that fine spent
ashes may lodge therein and act as a nonconductor of heat, and for the preservation
of said bottom grating.
This grooving or channelling of the top surface of the bottom grate is applicable
to false bottoms of close ranges for the purposes named.
The next part of the Invention relates to ash pans or receivers to be arranged
under the grate of a close range or under an open fire grate, and consists in
making them in two parts and with ribs or projections on the bottom side edges
of the upper portion, which rests upon corrugated ledges fitted at the sides of the
ash pit in order that a shaking or vibratory motion may be imparted to the upper
portion when it is moved to and fro for the discharge of the ashes which rest upon
the bottom, this being perforated, or of meshed, or of grating form, that the ashes
may fall through into the lower portion. I arrange pin like projections on the
upper surface on which cinders may rest, said pins sorving to divide the ashes from
the cinders.
The ends of the upper portion are inclined to cause the cinders and ashes as
they fall from the grate to roll towards the centre and to prevent the ashes
escaping, except into the lower portion.
The inclined ends give it the appearance of a scoop, and facilitates the emptying
of the contents on to the fire when desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
tho said Thomas John Constantino in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th May 1881..
"
>
THOMAS JOHN CONSTANTINE, of No. 61, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer of the Treasure Range and Cooking Vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS
CONNECTED WITH FURNACES, RANGES, AND OPEN AND CLOSE FIRE PLACES."
This Invention relates to special details connected with furnaces, ranges, and
open and close fire places.
The first part of the Invention consists in so forming the lower outer edge of a
door for a furnace or a close range that air may enter and pass up channels
provided on the inner surface of such a door, and of an inner plate or partition, or
of the inner plate only, and then through a series of apertures, or over the top
edge, to descend upon the other side of the said inner plate, and then under a
second intermediate plate to openings provided in the upper portion of the inside
plate, the air being gradually heated on its passage. as to bring it into a condition
for mixing with the smoke and gases arising from the fuel to aid in supporting
combustion and to consume the smoke.
The inner face of the inside plate is provided with a series of projections, which
break the air into comparatively fine streams flowing in irregular order through
the chambers formed between the inside plate and the next intermediate plate..
Nozzles may be provided on the inside plate to lead the heated air towards and
directly over where the smoke rises.
This first part of my Invention will be clearly understood by reference to Figures 1,
2, and 3 of the annexed Drawings, whero A shows the outer plate of a furnace or.
a close range door; B, B, are the apertures, by which air is free to pass and travel
up channels Al arranged vertically either by grooving the inner face of said outer
plate A or by forming ribs or fillets on the face of the inner plate or-partition C,
the ribs or fillets being so arranged that their edges touch the back surface of the
outer plate. The inner plate or partition C has a series of holes D, D, at its upper
part for the air, which travels up the channels to pass through to descend on the
opposite side of same and down the channel E, this channel being formed at the:
upper part with a slightly larger space F, in which the air, as it becomes heated is
capable of expansion before it passes down to pass under the edge of the second
inner plato or partition G into a third chamber or passage H provided between it,
and the inside plate I of the door. The back of the inside plate I has a series of
projections J, as seen more particularly in Figure 3; said projections are arranged
that the air in passing upwards is broken up or divided into streams travelling in
zigzag order for the purpose of checking their progress, and to raise the tempe-.
rature of the air to an intense heat by contact with the hot metal, of which the
door is composed, before it passes into the fire basket through the slots K, K.
L, L, are plates to ensure a fair division of the issuing air, and to destroy any:
tendency of the draught licking the air to one slot only. The slots are in this case
formed in a projecting portion of the inside plate I, but they may be by nozzles or:
short pipes attached in order that the intensely heated air may issue at that part
of the fire place where the gases and the smoke arising from the fuel are the most
dense that the air may commingle, and by its heat transform the smoke into
vapour and the gaseous mixture into a combustible body, which becomes consumed
in its passage over, around, and under the oven or ovens and boiler before the
residuum (gas or vapour) passes into the chimney or uptake. By this means I
effect a perfect consumption of the smoke, development of intense heat, a perfect
combustion of the fuel gases, with less destruction of the metal of which the range

page_text: is composed, besides obviating clogging or choking of the flues by soot, which
would otherwise form and cling to the top and sides thereof
The next part of the Invention, as shown at Figure 4 of the annexed Drawings,
consists in making projections or gills M, M, at the side or sides of the fire
basket N to form passages P, P, that separate bodies of air which enter through
the front side cheeks may be heated to the required intensity as to bring the
streams of air into a condition for commingling with the smoke for the perfect
combustion, said streams issuing from chambers or slots Q formed at the upper
portions of the side walls or from projecting nozzles thereon.
Figure 4 represents a portion of an oven of a close or of an open range with
one of a series of vertical gills M upon the outside of it to absorb heat from the
passing gases resulting from the products of combustion as they travel down or up
the spaco or flue between it and the fire basket. These oven gills act in con-
junction with the usual gills arranged on the bottom of the oven of a close or an
open range to heat the oven more uniformly, and serve to maintain a more regular
temperature than in such ovens as generally constructed.
The next part of the Invention relates to the "bottom plates" of furnaces and
close ranges, and consists in channelling portions of the under surface to form air
spaces R, R, as at Figures 5 and 6, and in forming lips S, S, on the upper surface
at the sides and back, over which the tubes may be fitted, said tubes being separate
or formed in a piece with the side and back walls of the fire basket, as at Figures 7
and 8, that streams of air can be heated on their passage through the channels
R, R, and the tubes T, T, and issue from the upper portions U, U, of the fire
basket V or from nozzled outlets that the streams of highly heated air commingle
with the smoke and vapour arising from the fire and effect consumption of the
smoke.
The fire basket may be used with any form of grate, bottom holes being provided
for the entry of air from the outside to the channels T, T.
The next part of the Invention, also shown at Figures 5 and 6, consists in
grooving or channelling the upper surfaces of the bars W, W, of the bottom grates
of close ranges, in order that fine spent ashes may lodge therein and act as a
non-conductor of heat, and for the preservation of said bottom grating:
This grooving or channelling of the top surface of the bottom grate is applicable
to false bottoms of close ranges for the purposes named.
The next part of the Invention relates to ash pans or receivers to be arranged
under the grate of a close range, or under an open fire grate, and consists, as shown
at Figures 9 and 10 of the annexed Drawings, in making them in two parts X, Y,
and with ribs or projections Z, Z, on the bottom side edges of the upper portion,
which rest upon corrugated ledges or lugs a fitted at tho sides of the ashpit, in
order that a shaking or vibratory motion may be imparted to the upper portion
when it is moved to and fro for the discharge of the ashes which rests upon its
bottom, this being perforated or of meshed or grating form that the ashes may fall
through into the lower portion. I arrange pin-like projections b, b, on the upper
surface on which cinders may rest, said pins serve to divide the ashes from the
cinders.
The ends c, d, of the upper portion or sifter e are inclined to cause the cindera
and ashes as they fall from the grate to roll towards the centre, and to prevent the
asbes escaping except into the lower portion f. The inclined end give it the
appearance of a scoop, and facilitates the emptying of the contents on to the fire
when desired.
Having now described the naturo of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First. For furnaces or for close ranges the door described and shown at Figures
1, 2, and 3 of the annexed Drawings, through which air in its passage is heated to
intensity, and in that state caused to issue into and among the rising gases and
smoke of the fuel to mix therewith and ensure combustion thereof, as set forth.
Secondly. I claim the detail construction and arrangement of furnace and

page_text: close range doors as set forth, whereby a perfect development and consumption of
the gases tako place within the fire basket and flues, as described with reference to
Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the annexed Drawings.
Thirdly. I claim the arrangement of gills on the sides of the oven, and of the
fire basket of a close range, with break or zigzag passages for heating air in its
passage and upward travel, and its issue from lips at the upper portion of the fire
basket to mix with the smoke and gases arising from the fuel for effecting com-
bustion and consumption of the escaping products of combustion, as described with
reference to Figure 4 of the annexed Drawings.
Fourthly. I claim the application of gills to the side walls of an oven of a close
range to act in conjunction with the ordinary gills on the bottom of the oven for
the purpose of increasing the temperature of the oven by the absorption of heat, as
described with reference to Figure 4 of the annexed Drawings.
Fifthly. I claim the construction and arrangement of a bottom grate, as described
with referenco to Figures 5 and 6 of the annexed Drawings, in conjunction with
tubes, or channels, or passages as part of or in the side and back walls of the fire
basket of a close range, as described with reference to Figures 7 and 8 of the
annexed Drawings, for heating air in its passage through said channels or grooves
previous and simultaneously with its issue above the level of the fire to commingle
with the rising fuel products and gases to ensure perfect combustion in their
transit over and around and under the oven or ovens and boiler, as set forth.
Sixthly. I claim the employment of tubes as part of the back and side walls of
close or of open range fire baskets, or in channelling or providing passages T, T, in
the side and back walls thereof, the upper part being nozzled as at U, substantially as
shown at Figure 7 of the annexed Drawings for the purpose set forth.
Seventhly. I claim the moveable and vibratory and studded ash sifter as part of
the ash pan of a close range or an open range or an open stove, as described with
reference to Figures 9 and 10 of the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas John Constantine, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent,
40, Fleet St.,
London.
THOMAS JOHN CONSTANTINE. (L.S.)