matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVE MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING WARPS FOR THE Loom
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Bates at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1861.
I, ISAAC BATES, of Dukinfield, in the County of Cheshire, Mill Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING WARPS FOR THE Loom,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a certain variation or variations in apparatus con-
nected with what is called the tape or tape leg machine for making, sizing,
and preparing warps for the loom. In the warps prepared in the ordinary tape
machine a defect and inconvenience has been long experienced from the
adhesion amongst the threads of the warp, occasioning, when it comes to be
woven in the loom considerable breakage of the threads, by which the work is
hindered and defects in the cloth not unfrequently produced.
My Invention consists in obviating this defect by separating absolutely the
threads at the time that the warp is being wound on to the warp beam in the
tape machine. This I effect by inserting a number of rods through the yarn.
If, as is usual in the tape machine, the yarn is drawn from off six beams, I
insert five rods in the following manner :-First, I insert a single rod, which
divides the warp into two equal parts; I then insert a second rod, which sepa-
rates one-third of the lower half of the yarn from the other two-thirds; I next
insert a third rod, which again divides in half the two-thirds. The upper half

page_text: of the yarn I divide in the same manner by the other two rods; but the rods
are not placed so as to act simultaneously in opening the yarn (as this would
occasion much breakage of the yarn and hindrance), but they are placed so as
to follow each other in opening the yarn, and act consecutively in the order
here mentioned. Each one of the six portions thus corresponds to one of the
six beams from which the yarn is drawn. I place these rods as near as may
be to the wraith which guides the yarn on to the warp beam. When the warp
beam is filled and the lease has to be taken, I draw out the rods and reinsert
them, when the next empty beam is placed in the machine by passing tapes
betwixt the yarn as it comes from the separate beams, which tapes are carried
forward along with the yarn, and when they arrive at the wraith the rods are
inserted in their places and the tapes withdrawn.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jukes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1861.
I, RICHARD JUKES, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Iron Works
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to preserve, as far as practicable, the cast-iron
basin and inside lining or "fettling" of the furnace. This I accomplish by
arranging a series of tubes or pipes parallel to each other, and adapted in
length to the plan of the bottom in such manner that the ends of the pipes
are connected within the boundary of the bottom by cross pipes, which renders
the whole continuous. The first pipe is connected by a cross length, at the end
opposite the inlet orifice, to the parallel pipe next to it; this pipe is again
connected, at the same end as the inlet orifice, with the pipe next in succes-
sion, and so on, in order that the water or air flowing through or injected into
the pipes traverses the whole space or area of the bottom and passes off by the
outlet pipe. The pipes running through the sides are arranged in a similar
manner, all run horizontally and parallel to each other, the ends being con-
nected so as to form a continuous passage for water or air to traverse over the
whole area of the sides before it leaves the outlet. The bottom is cast of any
required thickness, with the tubes in the middle forming channels between
the top and bottom surfaces. The sides are also formed with the pipes in the
middle in one continuous casting.
AN IMPROVED TRACTION ENGINE, AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR THE CULTIVATION OF LAND
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Simonton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1861.
JOHN SIMONTON, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Banker's Clerk,
and of Ballystockart, in the County of Down, and Parish of Comber, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TRACTION
ENGINE, AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR THE CULTIVATION OF LAND," to be
as follows:-
The improvements which I claim as new, and for which I wish to obtain
Provisional Protection, consist of,-
First, an endless railway or platform placed below the frame of the engine,
which will support the weight of the engine, and at same time in a peculiar
way take hold of or grasp the surface of the soil firmly and tenaciously, so
that the power of the engine may be applied to the traction of cultivating
implements.
Secondly, a mode of preventing priming in the boilers of such portable
engines, by suspending the boiler from a centre of oscillation above it, so that
it shall by its own weight always hang horizontally, even when the engine is
ascending or descending inclines. The steam leaves the boiler by a cross pipe
concentric with the gudgeons (above the level of the water), on which the
boiler is suspended, such cross pipe being in communication with the steam
dome or highest part of the boiler. The feed pipes are fitted with hinge or
swivel joints to allow for the motion of the boiler. The endless railway or

page_text: platform consists of rails, wheels, and sleepers, arranged in an inverted order
from that of an ordinary railway, the rails being fixed to the frame of the
engine, run over and upon the wheels while the wheels are connected to and
supported by the cross bars or sleepers; the sleepers are jointed or hinged
together in the form of an endless band or chain, & which constitutes the
moving platform. These cross sleepers are of an angular form in cross section,
and have their apices downwards when on the ground. The endless chain of
sleepers is of a breadth and length about equal to the area of the engine, or it
may be more or less extended. By means of this engine and endless platform
I drag or impel implements of culture, & thereby operate on the soil, motion
being communicated to the endless chains of sleepers by the steam enginé to
produce the tractive force required. The engine will impel itself over the
travelling railway in a right line from end to end of a field; turning round
can be provided for by having three running wheels, which can be pressed
downwards towards the earth by screws actuated by the engine or otherwise,
thus lifting the engine and railway free of the ground altogether; then by
driving one side wheel by chain, band, or other means, the engine will swing
round; it may also be steered by analogous means.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AN ARTIFICIAL SUBSTANCE TO BE USED AS A COATING OR COVERING FOR STONE, BRICKS, WOOD, OR METAL, AND ALSO IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING FLAGS, BRICKS, BLOCKS, OR PAVING, FROM THE SAID SUBSTANCE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Briggs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1861.
I, JOSEPH BRIGGS, of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, City of London.
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AN ARTIFICIAL SUBSTANCE TO BE USED AS A
COATING OR COVERING FOR STONE, BRICKS, WOOD, OR METAL, AND ALSO IN THE
METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING FLAGS, BRICKS, BLOCKS, OR PAVING,
FROM THE SAID SUBSTANCE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The materials which I make use of in manufacturing the said coating or
covering substance, and also for forming flags, blocks, or paving has been in
use for making similar matters; but my Invention relates to the mode of
combining and compounding them so as to form a new and improved substance.
I use coal pitch, lime, and gravel, the latter as free from earthy matters as
possible, and preferably of a size that will pass through a sieve having meshes
of about an inch square; the proportions I use, but which may be somewhat
varied according to the particular application, are about one of pitch, one-tenth
of lime, and five of gravel. I liquify the pitch in a heated cauldron, adding
the lime, I then introduce the gravel, having first heated it to a considerable
temperature, and mix the whole into proper consistency, it is then pressed in
moulds so as to form flags or blocks, these blocks. I form uneven on their
edges, having them either bevelled or chamfered, or sunk or dovetailed, in

page_text: order that they may afterwards be joined together. When I propose to use
the same for coating bricks, stones, or metals I prefer to substitute sand or
sharp clean grit for the gravel, which, as before, I heat before mixing with the
other substances. In coating bricks, stones, or metals I always heat them
before applying the coating matters; I propose also to use either with the
pitch, or as a substitute for it tar, asphalt, dead oil, or any other similar cheap
material like these. In order to join the blocks together so as to form one
mass, I use a pan or box, having a projection on its under surface similar to
the edges of the blocks, this pan I keep hot by means of ignited fuel placed
within it, the heated projection or flange on the bottom is then passed between
two adjacent edges until they are heated, the liquid cement is then poured in
also hot and then allowed to set; the heating pan may be heated with gas from
a flexible tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, SAWING, AND SLICING OR PLANING WOOD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Walters at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1861.
J, PHILIP WALTERS, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Factor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, SAWING, AND SLICING OR PLANING WOOD AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of machinery for cutting, planing, slicing, and
sawing wood or other substances.
On a strong framework of wood or iron, fixed or mounted on standards, a bed
plate is arranged, on which a slide having suitable grooves to correspond with
the bed plate is caused to move with a reciprocating motion by means of a
connecting rod attached to the crank of a driving axle.
The wood or other material to be operated upon is attached to the upper
surface of the slide, above which a suitable plane, saw, or other cutting or
slicing apparatus is secured by means of standards bolted to the framework.
By these arrangements at each revolution of the crank a slice of wood or
other substance is taken off of the desired thickness, and the cutter may be so
regulated as to shave or slice the wood of such thickness that it will curl or roll
up and form spills for the ordinary purposes of lighting, or a thicker slice may
be obtained useful for many purposes.
In like manner a saw may be adapted and arranged to saw wood or other
substances of any desired thickness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR THE BETTER COMBUSTION OF FUEL AND THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Benson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1861.
I, WILLIAM BENSON, of Allerwash House, Hexham, in the County of
Northumberland, Colliery Owner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR THE BETTER
COMBUSTION OF FUEL AND THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of supplying air to the burning
fuel in furnaces, and consists in forming a number of horizontal air vents along
the two side walls of the fire chamber, and along the back or bridge thereof,
such vents being slightly contracted at the end next the fire, and expanded at
the opposite end, which opens into an air flue extending behind such series or
set of vents, and communicating with the outside of the setting or brickwork.
Dampers are supplied to these air flues to regulate the supply. When a
double furnace is used the grate may be divided longitudinally by a hollow
and perforated bridge, through which air passes freely into the fuel on either
side thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cook at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August 1861.
I, JOHN COOK, of the East India Road, Poplar, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming an aperture through the bridge beneath
the fire-bars, and inserting in or fitting to the mouth of it a bent pipe extending
upwards at the back of the bridge to about the level of the top thereof,
terminating by preference in an elongated mouth of or about the width of the
bridge, or any other shaped mouth may be used. I fit a valve to the pipe to
regulate the draft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL TUBES FOR BEDSTEADS AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Comer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September 1861.
I, CHARLES COMER, junior, of the Broughton Copper Works, Salford, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL TUBES FOR BEDSTEADS AND OTHER
PURPOSES, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in the application of the
improvements in combining metals and alloys of metal, for which Letters
Patent were applied for by me, in conjunction with Daniel Stone, on the
Fifth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, No. 836, to
the manufacture of metal tubes for bedsteads and other purposes.
The nature of my improvements in machinery for manufacturing tapered
metal tubes consists in bending sheets of metal over a conical roller, in which
is a groove. One edge of the metal sheet is placed in this groove, and when
the roller is turned round, the remainder of the sheet of metal is bent into a
tapered tube; the edges are then brazed or otherwise secured together. The
end of the conical roller is raised to allow the tube to be taken off.
In making ornamental tubes, either tapered or otherwise, with flutes or
spiral ribs or other designs on their surface, the sheet of metal is passed
between two rollers, the surfaces of which are made with projections and
depressions corresponding to the design to be produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES OP STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Hargreaves and John
Hargreaves at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th August 1861.
We, BENJAMIN HARGREAVES, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Pattern Maker, and JOHN HARGREAVES, of the same Place, Painter, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES
OP STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Instead of feeding the steam from the end of the valve flange, we make a
transverse slot in it, through which the steam passes and feeds the piston, the
passage or thoroughfare being made larger in proportion in order to admit of a
larger exhaust. We also make an alteration in the eccentric, by working the
connection on two circles to increase the speed of the valve at the change of
the piston.
THE MANUFACTURE OF THREADS, CORDS, FABRICS, FELT, AND PULP FROM THE HOP PLANT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1861. A communication from abroad by Barthelemy Picard, of
Nancy, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE MANUFACTURE OF THREADS, CORDS, FABRICS, FELT, AND PULP FROM THE HOP
PLANT," (communicated to me from abroad by Barthelemy Picard, of Nancy,
France,) to be as follows:-
been the practice after gathering
He states he has discovered that
The Inventor states, that hitherto it has
the hops, to burn the stem of the plant.
the stem as well as the root contain a ligneous filament, which he has converted
into threads and cords and woven into fabrics. He has also converted the
fibres into pulp, and made therefrom excellent paper.
The present Invention then consists in converting the stem and the root of
the hop plant into threads, cords, fabrics, felt and pulp, and this by any of the
means followed for obtaining fibres from similar vegetable substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BATTERIES FOR PRODUCING VOLTAIC ELECTRICITY, TOGETHER WITH CERTAIN METALLIC PRODUCTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Desmond Gerald FitzGerald at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th May 1861.
I, DESMOND GERALD FITZGERALD, of Cambridge Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BATTERIES FOR PRODUCING VOLTAIC ELECTRICITY, TOGETHER
WITH CERTAIN METALLIC PRODUCTS," to be as follows:-
I construct a voltaic arrangement of the metal iron and a metallic salt, the
acid of which has a greater affinity for iron than for the metal of the salt. The
metal of the salt is therefore precipitated or thrown down, forming a residue of
commercial value. In order to confine the deposit to one of the plates or
elements only in each separate couple, the remaining plate or element is
coated with a porous material or prevented from being in direct contact with
the exciting fluid by means of a porous diaphragm or a porous cell. When a
diaphragm is used a mineral acid may or may not be employed to excite this
latter plate or element. In either case the plate upon which the deposit does
not take place becomes the positive element of the couple; the plate upon
which the deposit takes place forming the negative element. In forming a
series of couples the positive and negative elements of each couple are brought
into metallic connection, as is well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION- left by Michael Scott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1861.
I, MICHAEL SCOTT, of Parliament Street, Westminster, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hydraulic presses. For
many purposes for which presses are employed, such, for example, as for
packing cotton and other fibres, and similar materials, the press is required
during a considerable portion of its stroke to exert but a comparatively small
pressure, whilst for the latter portion of the stroke a much heavier pressure is
required. In such cases I employ, according to my Invention, a compound
press consisting of two or more concentric cylinders. The innermost cylinder
is fitted with a ram like an ordinary hydraulic press, the cylinder is closed at
the bottom, and is made itself to serve as the ram of another hydraulic press
formed with the next concentric cylinder, and this may in turn form the ranı
of a third press. When the press is set to work, the water from a force pump
or accumulator is directed first into the interior cylinder, and as this is of small
diameter, the ram thereof rapidly rises, but the pressure will be comparatively
light. As soon as this pressure proves insufficient, a cock placed on the supply
pipe of the inner cylinder is closed, and another cock is opened, so as to admit
the water from the force pump or accumulator to the second cylinder. In
this manner the ram of the second press, which is the cylinder of the first, is

page_text: raised, carrying its own ram with it, this being unable to descend being
blocked by the water enclosed beneath it. When the second cylinder
is brought into work the action of the press will be slower, and the force
exerted will be greater in proportion as the sectional area of the ram of the
second press (or the cylinder of the first) exceeds the sectional area of the ram
of the first press. Where a third cylinder is employed, it is brought into
action after the second in a similar manner, the second press being then in
turn blocked by the water enclosed in it. I would remark that the blocking
one bydraulic press by enclosing water in it whilst another and more powerful
press is caused to act against it is an important feature of my Invention, and
may be applied also in the following manner :-Two separate hydraulic
presses, the one of small and the other of large power, may be arranged one
at each end of a frame, the material to be pressed between them is received
between the two presses, and is partly compressed by the press of smaller
power, then this is blocked by enclosing water in it, and the press of greater
power is put in action to complete the compression. This arrangement may
also be employed where mechanical blocking is used in place of or together
with water blocking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLARS FOR GENTLEMEN'S, LADIES', AND CHILDREN'S WEAR
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Price at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November
1861.
I, EDWARD PRICE, of the Firm of Messieurs Welsh, Margetson, and
5 Company, of Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLARS FOR GENTLEMEN'S, LADIES',
AND CHILDREN'S WEAR," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the insertion of one or other number of gussets of
a thin material into the bands of collars, the object being to prevent the bands
O from creasing when being worn with a scarf; thereby giving greater ease to
the wearer, and allowing for the contraction or expansion of the band
according to the thickness of the cravat worn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTION TO MACHINERY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Green and Robert
Mathers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st August 1861.
We, THOMAS GREEN, of Smithfield Iron Works, Leeds, in the County of
York, and ROBERT MATHERS, of 18, Stoke Newington Green, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTION TO MACHINERY," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for transmitting
motion to machinery. For these purposes when transmitting rotatory motion
from one grooved or plain pulley to another grooved or plain pulley by an
endless band or strap, an intermediate pulley or wheel is interposed in such
manner that the opposite parts of its periphery are in contact with part of
the periphery of the driving pulley, and part of the periphery of the pulley
which is driven. When the driving and driven pulleys are grooved to receive
the endless band, then the periphery of the intermediate pulley or wheel may
be plain or grooved, and be in contact with corresponding plain or grooved
parts of the peripheries of the driving and driven pulleys; but when the
parts of the peripheries of the driving and driven pulleys where the endless
band acts are plain, then those parts of their peripheries which are in
contact with the opposite sides of the interposed pulley or wheel are to be
grooved or suitably formed to work in a groove or grooves formed in the
periphery of the interposed wheel or pulley.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FACTURE OF MURIATE OF IRON FOR THE PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Richardson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1861.
I, THOMAS RICHARDSON, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FACTURE OF MURIATE OF IRON FOR THE PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS," to be as
follows:-
These improvements consist in dissolving the burnt sulphur ore left as a
waste product in the manufacture of sulphuric acid in muriatic acid, and
evaporating the solution to dryness, or in drying up the solution with sawdust,
charcoal, small coke, gypsum, the waste burnt sulphur ore ground to powder
or any natural oxide of iron in powder, and in employing any of these mixtures
with lime or magnesia in the usual way in the purification of coal gas.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND PLACING PERCUSSION CAPS ON FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edgar Darius Seely, Thomas Foster
Wells, and George Arthur Phillips at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th December 1861.
We, EDGAR DARIUS SEELY, THOMAS FOSTER WELLS, and GEORGE ARTHUR
PHILLIPS, all in Norfolk County, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,
one of the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND PLACING PERCUSSION
CAPS ON FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention has for its object the saving of percussion caps when used
with fire-arms, and rendering the discharge of the gun or pistol more certain,
and also the saving of time in adjusting the cap on the cone or nipple.
Heretofore percussion caps have been carried in pouches, or in the pocket,
and have been placed on the nipple by the fingers; many caps are thus
accidentally or carelessly lost, and in cold weather the rate of loss is increased
by reason of numbness of the fingers. To obviate these, we make use of an
outer casing containing a trough, in which the caps are placed, a spring acting
on a piston or plunger forces the caps to the mouth of the trough, which is
preferably rectangular, and has at its extremity a pair of tweezers or nippers,
which prevent the escape of the caps, and keep the first cap of the series
within the trough just over a hole in the bottom of it corresponding-in size
with the nipple of the gun, the cap is then firmly pressed on to the nipple. of

page_text: the gun, and the instrument or implement removed, the springs giving way,
allowing the cap on the nipple to pass between them; the spring, piston, or
plunger in the rear forces the row of caps towards them, and the same action
is repeated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING FIREPROOF DOORS AND WINDOW SHUTTERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Glover at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1861.
I, GEORGE GLOVER, of Lowestoft, Architect, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING FIREPROOF DOORS AND
WINDOW SHUTTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in constructing fireproof
doors and window shutters. In constructing fireproof doors I form them of
fire-clay moulded to the required form with or without a latticework of hoop
iron in the middle of the thickness; the doors are arranged to hang on pivots
and cups, the pivots are to be moulded on and to form part of the door, and
are to be tipped with gun metal; the cup is to be of the same material; the
fasteners are also to be of fire-clay; the doors are to be arranged to close
against plugs of india-rubber or felt, so as to prevent undue concussion; doors
for trapways may also be made in the same manner. I also form shutters for
windows in like manner and of the same material, and I arrange them to work
in rebated or grooved jambs, also of the same material. I also arrange the
shutters so that they may be raised or lowered by a shaft and cog wheel, so that
any number of shutters on the same level may be opened or closed simul-
taneously from a common staircase without entering the warehouse; when
desirable they may be opened from the outside.
AN IM- PROVED MODE OF OBTAINING COLORING MATTER APPLICABLE FOR DYEING SKINS, SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Vasco d'Almeida at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1861. A communication from abroad by Edward Smith, of Place Cruz-
quebrada, in the City of Lisbon.
I, VASCO D'ALMEIDA, of Nottingham Street, Marylebone, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED MODE OF OBTAINING COLORING MATTER APPLICABLE FOR DYEING SKINS, SILK,
WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," (a communication to me from abroad by
Edward Smith, of Place Cruzquebrada, in the City of Lisbon) to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in extracting coloring matter from a mollusc, known
and distinguished by naturalists as the aplysia, an animal of the fourth order
of the Gasteropoda family. I take several of these animals, and by exerting
pressure thereon extract a liquid coloring matter therefrom, which I place
in a suitable vessel, and impart heat thereto of about 50 degrees of Fahrenheit's
thermometer; to said coloring matter I add water varying in quantity according
to the tint or depth of color required, and varying from lead color to purple.
By these means I obtain colors suitable for dyeing skins, silk, wool, and other
fibrous materials without requiring to use mordants as heretofore practised by
dyers. I also obtain a rich color resembling that hitherto obtained by the use
of cochineal, indigo, and carmine, thus effecting great economy in the mode of
obtaining coloring matter suitable for dyeing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICAL LEATHER, OR A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugene Gervaise and. Joseph Emile
Bernier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 11th February 1861.
We, EUGENE GERVAISE and JOSEPH EMILE BERNIER, of Paris, in the French
Empire, Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICAL LEATHER, OR A SUBSTITUTE FOR
LEATHER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining or compounding together the following
ingredients, matters, substances, and materials for the purpose of producing
artificial leather, or a material applicable as a substitute for natural leather.
The improved mode of manufacturing artificial leather according to this In-
vention is as follows:-We propose to employ gums or other gelatinous
matters or substances, caoutchouc, gutta percha, and such like materials or
substances, and these are to be submitted to a sufficient degree of heat to
liquify them, after which they are mixed with from eighty to ninety parts of
ox or cow hair, wool, or vegetable filaments or fibres, and, if desirable, waste
pieces of leather or cuttings of skins. The caoutchouc or gutta percha may
either be mixed together or used separately, or instead of these, essential oils,
tar, or pitch may be used. If the artificial leather is required to possess a
particular degree of strength, we then introduce a jet of sulphurated steam
during the mixing operation for the purpose of vulcanizing the gummy
matters; and when perfect combination of the materials has been effected, and

page_text: whilst in a warm state, the mass is passed between pressure rollers to give it
the required thickness, after which, it undergoes a final operation for impart-
ing to it the appearance of ordinary or natural leather. To effect this the
surface of the material is coated or covered with a layer composed of a solution
of caoutchouc, gutta percha, gum, or fatty and oily matters, and it is again
passed between pressure rollers.
By these means an artificial leather may be obtained similar in appearance
to natural leather or skin, and possessing by vulcanisation and the use of
caoutchouc or gutta percha all the necessary qualities of strength and imper-
meability. The vulcanisation may be effected either by a jet of sulphurated 1
steam or by a sprinkling of flour of sulphur. We also propose to employ a
mixture of sulphur and red lead, or other matters possessing similar chemical
properties thereto in the manufacture of artificial leather according to this
Invention.
THE APPLICATION OF A SELF-ACTING LUBRICATOR TO CORVES AND WAGONS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith Tyson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th Sep-
tember 1861.
I, THOMAS SMITH TYSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Traveller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF A
SELF-ACTING LUBRICATOR TO CORVES AND WAGONS," to be as follows:-
When this vessel
This Invention consists of an enclosed vessel or receptacle of rectangular
or other suitable form, and of convenient size, to contain oil or other fluid
lubricant, with chambers in connection therewith of suitable capacity to hold
one supply or discharge of the lubricant according to requirement, and
having tubes for conducting the same to where required.
or lubricator is applied to corves or waggons having a tipping or tilting action
or motion, the supply of oil or other lubricant to the axis of the wheels is ren-
dered self-acting. The lubricators are fixed to the body of the corf, which
when tipped or tilted the chambers become filled with oil, which gradually
passes out through the tubes to the axis of the wheels while the corf is
running; the quantity supplied at each tilt being regulated by the capacity of
the chamber, and the distribution of it by the bore or seize of hole in the tube.
This lubricator may be so arranged and applied to other axes or bearings,
as to be tilted by hand when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING THE COVERS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUMS, BOOKS, WRITING CASES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peter Bourquin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 5th
November 1861.
I, JOHN PETER BOURQUIN, of Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer of Photographic Goods, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING THE COVERS OF
PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUMS, BOOKS, WRITING CASES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to ornament the covers of albums, books,
writing or blotting cases, and other similar articles, by applying thereto
decorations resembling inlaid woods, known as marqueterie and wood mosaics.
This I propose to effect by printing upon veneer mosaic and other designs, and
thereby imitating differently colored woods arranged in patterns. Having
selected, say, a veneer of white wood, I attach the same to cloth by cement
before printing, to protect it from breaking or splitting under the pressure to
which it will be subjected. The wood being damped is placed in the litho-
graphic press to receive the prepared design, which is then transferred thereto
in the same manner as colored designs are applied to paper. When printed
with the requisite number of colors to complete the pattern the wood is laid
aside for the colors to harden, and when this is accomplished the wood is
polished and varnished, and may then be applied to the book or other cover
in the form of a border, corner pieces, lines, panels, or even as an entire
covering for the lids or for the back, as may be thought desirable.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND MACHINERY FOR AMALGAMATING, AND FOR EFFECTING THE SEPA- RATION OF GOLD FROM EARTHY AND OTHER MATTERS CONTAINING THE SAME
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bevan George Sloper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1861.
I, BEVAN GEORGE SLOPER, of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND MACHINERY FOR AMALGAMATING, AND FOR EFFECTING THE SEPA-
RATION OF GOLD FROM EARTHY AND OTHER MATTERS CONTAINING THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
My Invention is intended to effect the separation of particles of gold from
earths and quartz after being crushed or reduced to small particles, or pul-
verized by bringing mercury in contact therewith, as hereafter stated.
My machinery consists of a hopper opening at bottom into a cylinder, placed
horizontally or nearly so, and fitted with agitators secured to a vertical shaft
made to revolve in the hopper, inside the horizontal cylinder I place and cause
to revolve an archimedean screw, and on the screw I fix an agitator which
revolves with it. At the opposite end of the cylinder to that at which the
hopper is placed, I fit a vessel containing mercury, and which finds its way
by a zig-zag channel into the cylinder, I carry a pipe from the bottom of the
mercury vessel, bend it upwards and lead it into the hopper before named.
I surround the cylinder for the greater portion of its length with a steam jacket,
the action of the machinery is as follows:-The cylinder, the mercury vessel,
and the hopper are charged with a given quantity of mercury, and the crushed

page_text: quartz or other matters containing gold, are placed in the hopper. The
vertical and screw shafts are made to rotate, when every particle of gold
will be exposed to the mercury, and will become amalgamated therewith,
and the earthy or other matters will by the action of the screw be driven
to the further end of the cylinder, they will then be caused to ascend through
the mercury in the zig-zag channel into the mercury vessel, and being driven
above a certain level pass or are driven off therefrom through apertures
provided for the purpose, as soon as the mercury or amalgam rises in the
vessel beyond a certain level below that at which the earthy matters pass
off, it flows back through the pipe into the hopper, and so on until the
mercury becomes so charged with gold, or until the amalgam is in a fit state
for distilling or refining, when it is withdrawn, and a fresh supply is intro-
duced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BREAK OR STOPPING GEAR OF CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
May 1861.
I, JOHN CHARLES WILSON, Manager for G. Buchanan & Co., Engineers,
25, Bucklersbury, London, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BREAK OR
STOPPING GEAR OF CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the "break" or stopping gear of centrifugal
machines, which it is proposed to construct in a novel manner so as to be
elevated or depressed in a perfectly horizontal position, and to act on the
revolving part equally all round.
For this purpose a screw is cut on the central part of the frame which
supports the main spindle (or on a loose piece attached to it), and a similar
screw is cut in a ring which fits upon it, and which carries the wooden break..
By causing this ring to revolve, which may be done by means of any suitable-
gearing, it is elevated or depressed by the action of the screw, and the wooden
break brought into contact or otherwise with the revolving part,. which is.
stopped quickly thereby.
AN IMPROVED CUP OR VESSEL FOR ADMINISTERING LIQUIDS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd November 1861.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Halphen, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CUP OR VESSEL FOR ADMINISTERING LIQUIDS," (communicated
to me from abroad by Charles Halphen, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-.
The difficulty of drinking out of a glass or cup when in a recumbent posi-
tion, and of giving drinks to children on the knees or in bed has given rise to
the present Invention. This improved vessel is formed with a curved spout
made to project from the lower part thereof, the outflow from which is regu-
lated by a stopper carried on the end of a lever, and kept in contact with the
mouth of the spout by a spring, and which is released to the extent required
by depressing the tail of the lever; or a stop cock is fixed in the spout; or the
spout is opened and closed by a plug fitting into or over the passage where it
springs from the vessel, the plug being worked by a stud outside the vessel
connected to a rod, to one end of which the plug is fixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING CANNON
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1861. A communication from abroad by John Bryce and
Benjamin de Forest, of New York, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING CANNON," to be as
follows:-
This Invention of improvements in breech-loading cannon consists in con-
structing the rear end or breech part of cannon or ordnance with a vertical
slot, and placing within the same an oblong block suspended on a horizontal
shaft, and made excentric at its ends to the centre of the shaft, so as to enable
the excentric ends by an oscillating movement of the shaft to be brought in
such relation to the excentric surfaces of a moveable breach block and the
rear end of the slot as to force and hold a tapering projection or breech pin
on the front part of the moveable breech block in the corresponding flared or
frustrum of a cone-formed end of the barrel of the gun when fired, and to
allow the breech block to be withdrawn to admit of the insertion of a fresh
cartridge. This is effected by bringing the long block into a vertical position in
its slot, so as to leave room for the breech block to be drawn back. The front
end of the moveable breech piece is provided with a conical copper or soft
metal collar to form a tight joint with the breech end of the bore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING THE MOTIVE POWER OF STEAM, WATER, AIR, GAS, OR FLUIDS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ambrose Coffey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
October 1861.
I, JOHN AMBROSE COFFEY, of Providence Row, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING THE MOTIVE POWER
OF STEAM, WATER, AIR, GAS, OR FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of an engine or mechanism for
the obtaining of the motive power of steam, water, air, gas, or fluids in the
manner following, viz. :-I have a central pipe or duct of any suitable kind,
from which radiate other pipes or ducts, at the other ends whereof I have
angled stopped pipes, cylinders, or ducts, and at or near the junction of the
radial pipes or ducts and those last-mentioned are openings (one to each
radial and its angled pipe or cylinder aforesaid), and these openings are made..
to slide air-tight against a fixed annulus, so that upon steam, air, or other
fluid being admitted into the central pipe or duct, and filling the radial pipe
or duct, it will exert pressure against the said annulus so as to cause rotation;
the central pipe or duct and the attachments aforesaid being constructed free.
to turn in the centre.
Instead of this arrangement I can use modifications of the details thereof,.
thus, I could have the aforesaid radials and attachments fixed, and the annulus
moveable; also instead of the steam, water, air, gas, or other fluid being.
admitted at the central duct, it can be admitted to a valve way extending the.

page_text: whole length of the annulus, the radials in this case being solid, and the
angle pipes or cylinders alone being hollow. Other modifications of the
details, as for reversing the action or otherwise, will be apparent to the practical
man.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRESSES FORMED WITH SPRINGS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brand at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1861.
I, HENRY BRAND, of Guildford Place, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, Mattress Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRESSES FORMED WITH SPRINGS," to be
as follows:-
prepare
I construct spring mattresses in two, three, or more pieces, and
for
each part a suitable frame and laths stretched across to receive the springs, as
also bands or strips of canvas, to pass over the springs as usual; the whole is
then enclosed in canvas, with the exception of the faces that abut against each
other when placed together, which are left open; the edges of the canvas at
the parts of the mattress joined together to form a whole are united by lacing,
straps, or in other suitable manner to render the mattress complete. The
mattress when put together presents much the same appearance as an ordinary
mattress, and is easily separated for transport or for the purposes of cleaning,
which can be effected in the interior as well as outside, that being the principal
feature of the Invention.
Stuffing may be added or not on the upper surface of the mattress between
suitable thicknesses of canvas or other material.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Anthony Millward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1861.
I, PHILIP ANTHONY MILLWARD, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention consists in making coke from either coal or slack of any
description, by preference selecting the non-bituminous kinds as they are
termed, such for instance, as the Staffordshire thick coal, the New Mine, and
other similar qualities by the following process:-I take the coal or slack to
be converted, and if necessary, reduce it to a fine powder, which powder is
then charged into retorts, the retorts being then closed, and made as nearly as
possible air-tight. In this state they are removed to ovens of any suitable
size and construction, or they may be placed in the trunnel heads or flues of
any furnace, by either of which means they are to be roasted for a length of
time varying with the quantity and quality of the charge. By this process,
the waste heat and gases from blast and other furnaces is rendered available
for the manufacture of coke.