A NEW MODE OF COMMUNICATING HEAT FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1828

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, We, JOSHUA
TAYLOR BEALE, of Church Lane, Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, and GEORGE RICHARDSON PORTER, of Old Broad Street, in the City
of London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Nineteenth day of January, in the eighth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, IIis heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Joshua Taylor Beale and George Richardson Porter, His especial licence, that
we, the said Joshua Taylor Beale and George Richardson Porter, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Joshua
Taylor Beale and George Richardson Porter, our exors, adñiors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the terni of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His said Majesty's Colonies and Planta-
tions abroad, our Invention of "A NEW MODE OF COMMUNICATING HEAT FOR
VARIOUS PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging us, the said Joshua Taylor Beale and George Richardson Porter, or
one of us, by an instrument in writing under our or one of our hands and seals,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled
in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months

page_text: next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, may more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Joshua Taylor Beale and George Richardson Porter, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention to consist in a mode of communicating heat to
substances placed in a vessel by means of a medium interposed in another
vessel (the two vessels forming together what we call a double vessel), between
the fire and the exterior surface of the vessel in which the substances to which
the heat is to be communicated are placed. The substances proper to form
this medium are various, and are capable of communicating different thermo-
metric degrees of temperature; but as to all of them, their nature must be
such as that when fire is applied to the vessel containing them, so as to raise
their temperature to the boiling point, they will give off' inflammable vapour of
greater specific gravity than atmospheric air, and which vapour under the
ordinary atmospheric pressure, by a diminution of its temperature, will be
again converted into a liquid form. And in further compliance with the said
proviso, we, the said Joshua Taylor Beale and George Richardson Porter, do
hereby describe the manner in which our said Invention is to be performed; by
the following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawing annexed,
and to the letters marked thereon (that is to say) :—
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
A is a vessel similar to an ordinary round boiler, with a flange to its upper
edge. B, B, is a vessel with a corresponding flange; these two flanges are
screwed together with lead or some other suitable packing between them, and
thus rendered air and water tight, and form, when fixed together, what we call
a double vessel. C is a pipe communicating with the upper part of the space
between the two vessels A and B, B, and thence leading up to a condenser D.
This condenser is also made of two vessels, placed one within the other, as here
shewn, and screwed together by their flanges in a manner similar to the double
vessel A, B, B, as herein-before described, and having the inner condensing
vessel nearly filled with water and open to the atmosphere; E is a pipe com-
municating at its lower end with the upper part of the space between the two
vessels of the condenser, and open to the atmosphere at its upper end. By the
foregoing arrangement it will be seen that a communication is kept up at all
times between the atmosphere and the space between the vessels A and B, B,
by means of the pipes C and E, which we call the breathing pipes.
G is a
portion of the medium herein-before mentioned; for example, spirits of tur-

page_text: pentine, which boils at a temperature of about three hundred and sixteen
degrees of Fahrenheit. The spirit of turpentine, which in this case forms the
medium, is poured into the space between the two vessels A and B, B, through
the pipes E and C, till it covers the bottom of the outer vessel B, B, and may
be increased to the depth shewn in the Drawing, or more, as circunistances
may require, but the exact depth is not material. F is a cock to draw off the
said medium when required. E is an ordinary furnace fire; and J is the ash
pit. Now the fire H being lighted and kept up till the spirit of turpentine G
begins to boil, a vapour will be given off, heavier than atmospheric air, and
which has no inclination to rise, except by the formation of fresh vapour from
the liquid below. This vapour, coming in contact with the colder surface of
the inner vessel A, will impart thereto a portion of its heat, and will thereby
have its temperature diminished, and will be again converted into the liquid
form; but if the temperature of such inner vessel be nearly equal to that of
the vapour, or if an excessive quantity of the latter be formed, then the vapour
will rise up the pipe C, when it will be condensed either by the pipe itself
or by the action of the condenser, and return in a liquid state to the vessel B, B,
whence it came; and unless through negligence or want of skill in the person
managing the fire, a great excess of vapour should be formed, and a portion of
it escape through the pipe E (which may, under such circumstances, possibly
happen), little waste will occur; and if the boiling point of spirit of turpentine
be three hundred and sixteen degrees, that same degree of heat, or nearly so,
will be constantly communicated to the matter contained in the inner vessel A,
notwithstanding the intensity of the fire may be increased through such
negligence or want of skill. Now if it be required to apply our said Invention
to any process which needs a greater or less degree of heat than can be com-
municated by spirit of turpentine, some other substance possessing the properties
aforesaid, but the boiling point of which is more or less than three hundred
and sixteen degrees of Fahrenheit, must be used, according to the necessity
of the case.
We do not profess to give a list of all the substances that are
proper for media, so as to obtain by their means various degrees of temperature,
or to state the best medium applicable to each particular purpose, which must
be determined by the manufacturer who applies our Invention to his particular
manufacture or process. Among the substances described as proper to form
the media, sulpher and phosphorus are comprehended, but we dissuade from
the use of them, as they are not nearly so well qualified for our Invention as
many other substances which will communicate about the same degrees of
temperature. It may, however, be stated generally, that we have found that

page_text: spirits of turpentine and naphtha will be proper media for processes requiring
about three hundred and sixteen degrees of Fahrenheit, naphthaline for processes
requiring a temperature of about four hundred and twelve degrees of Fahrenheit,
and also that the other products of coal tar by distillation (with the exception of
such parts of those products as become permanent gas, or are uninflammable)
are all substances which communicate respectively various degrees of heat
when raised to their point of boiling, and that they all give off inflammable
vapour at those various temperatures, of a specific gravity greater than that of
atmospheric air, and which vapour under ordinary atmospheric pressure on a
diminution of its temperature is again converted into a liquid state, and thus
each of these media would answer the purpose of our Invention, and may be
applied to different manufactures or processes requiring different degrees of
heat.
Now the shape and size of our said double vessels, as well as the materials
of which they are composed, may be varied to meet the necessitics of the
various processes or manufactures to which our said Invention is capable of
being applied. But we claim as our Invention the combination of the double
vessel A, B, B, as aforesaid, furnished with a breathing pipe and condenser as
aforesaid, and having a portion of one or other of such media, as aforesaid,
introduced into the space between the inner vessel A and the outer vessel B, B,
for the purpose of communicating heat from the fire (which acts upon the
outer vessel) to the substance or matter contained in the inner vessel; and
such our said Invention being to the best of our knowledge and belief entirely
new and never before used within that part of His Majesty's United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, His said Dominion of Wales, or
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweel, nor in any of His said Majesty's Colonies or
Plantations abroad, we do hereby declare this to be our Specification of the
same, and that we do verily believe this our said Specification cloth comply in
all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore we do hereby
claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to our said Invention.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joshua Taylor Beale and George
Richardson Porter, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nine-
teenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and twenty-eight.
JOSHUA TAYLOR (L.s.) BEALE.
GEORGE RICHARDSON (L.s.) PORTER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Nineteenth day of July, in the
year of our Lord 1828, the aforesaid Joshua Taylor Beale and George
Richardson Porter came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid
was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and twenty-eight.