matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parish at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
1861.
I, WILLIAM PARISH, of the New North Road, Hoxton, County of Middle-
sex, Furniture Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOBACCO PIPES," to be as follows (that is
to say) :-
My Invention consists in introducing between the bowl and the extremity
of the stem a hollow, spherical, or other shaped chamber, cavity, or reservoir;
this reservoir is made in two halves capable of being easily separated and
readily re-adjusted for the purpose of cleaning, when required; within this
reservoir I introduce a piece of perforated cardboard, tin, or other suitable
substance, covered over with blotting paper, cloth, linen, or any other porous
and absorbent substance. By this means I regulate the passage of the smoke,
at the same time purifying and freeing it from the noxious juices, which are
intercepted by and remain in the reservoir.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND DRAINING FLOORS SUITABLE FOR STABLES AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Gibson Corbett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
March 1861.
I, ANDREW GIBSON CORBETT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND DRAINING FLOORS SUITABLE FOR STABLES
AND OTHER PLACES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of the said Invention is to construct a floor so as to be effi-
ciently drained, and at the same time presenting an upper surface which is
horizontal, an advantage of importance particularly for stables. In making a
stable floor according to the Invention, an inclined surface is first formed of
asphalte or other material impervious to liquid. Above this there are filled
in and made up to a horizontal top surface materials, such as sand or gravel,
which will permit drainage to take place through them. Finally, a layer of
bricks is laid upon the drainage materials, these bricks permitting water or
other liquid to pass down between them; or the top layer may consist of
stones or other materials, provided interstices or passages are formed for the
drainage through of the liquid. The liquid thus passing through the bricks
or other flooring finds its way through the intermediate materials to the
inclined surface, down which last it passes to a gutter or drain duct provided
at the bottom to convey it way. The details of the arrangement may be

page_text: modified in various ways, provided the essential features are retained of a top
horizontal surface and an intermediate portion of varying thickness, through
both which liquid can pass, combined with an impervious bottom inclined to
cause the liquid to pass down to a suitable outlet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bryson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1861.
I, JAMES BRYSON, of Worcester Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to weighing machines of that class adapted for standing
on tables, counters, & in like situations, being furnished with a suitable base
on which it stands; in the middle of this base a Y-shaped bearing is erected,
which supports the beam. The axis or fulcrum is fixed to the beam, and
projects considerably on each side, so that its knife edge centres, which rest in
the Y-bearings, have a considerable breadth of bearing to afford proper stability.
The beam terminates in semicircular ends, which carry at their extremes the
knife edge centres under the scales, which have a breadth of bearing equal to
the bearings of the central fulcrum; on the knife edges of each end of the
beam I mount a rectangular hoop or frame, on the upper limb of which the
scale rests, & from the lower one projects a stem immediately under the
longitudinal central line of the beam, where it intersects the cross line of
the knife edge centres, which support the rectangular frame. These centres
are received in the side limbs of the rectangular hoop before mentioned,
which are suitably bushed and otherwise fitted to receive them. Each end
of the beam is similarly fitted to the rectangular hoops or frames, having cross-

page_text: bars or other arms or plates to carry the scale pans. The lower ends of the
stems projecting downwards from the rectangular hoops before mentioned
descend through holes in the base, and are connected below in the hollow
thereof with a bar or plate of metal, which extends from end to end in position
similar to the lower beam of the machines first herein-before referred to, but
which has no fulcra or supports on which to work, it being simply a plate
having stops in the middle immediately under the line of the main fulcrum,
which also prevents all motion endwise, but are free to slide up and down
against fixed bearings. The lower ends of the stems before mentioned pass
freely through cross slots in this lower plate or bar, and are pin-jointed to
pieces which are connected to the plate or bar in such manner as to be free to
rise and fall thereon, and also have liberty of motion in other directions,
whereby perfect freedom of motion is permitted to the stems and rectangular
hoops before mentioned, so that they may be free to take their proper
bearings on the knife edges, engender little or no friction, and therefore ensure
great accuracy in weighing.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PARACHUTE Toy
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th September 1861.-A communication from abroad by Gustave
Tautain, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED PARACHUTE Toy," (communicated to me from abroad by
Gustave Tautain, of Paris, France) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a parachute toy by combining with a
parachute a box, which is used for throwing the toy in the air, as hereafter
explained, and which is fixed to the parachute by threads. The box folds or
doubles up at the centre and forms a case in which the parachute and con-
necting threads are enclosed. Doubled up, and with a string with a weight at
the end wound two or three times round two points in which the ends of the
case terminate, the toy is thrown into the air, the string unwinds from the
points, when a spring causes the case to open and assume somewhat the shape
of a boat. The parachute expands, maintains its position over the boat-like
case, and after the manner of a parachute of an aerostat, the toy descends
slowly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF SOLDERING TOGETHER Two OR MORE PRINTING TYPE LETTERS, TO FACILITATE THE WORK OF THE COM- POSITOR, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF TYPE CASES FOR THE SAME
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis George at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th July
1861.
I, LOUIS GEORGE, of Paris, now residing in Duke Street, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF SOLDERING TOGETHER
Two OR MORE PRINTING TYPE LETTERS, TO FACILITATE THE WORK OF THE COM-
POSITOR, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF TYPE CASES FOR THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in soldering together two or more letters that occur
most frequently in words in the English language, so that in one operation the
compositor is enabled to do twice, or nine times the amount of work, according
to the number of letters combined, than by the ordinary mode now in use.
To illustrate this is shewn the following plan of the arrangement of a

page_text: compositor's type case constructed according to this Invention, and shewing
the letters combined which have been found of most value:-
The letters are soldered by the following composition, which is used cold :-
Two-thirds of mercury, and one-third of fine tin, mixed well together. This
solder is put on a plate of lead, and the broad side of the type rubbed thereon,
& the composition is afterwards done as usual, the solder becoming quite rigid
at or about the expiration of half an hour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Louch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1861.
I, JOHN LOUCH, of 69, Fenchurch Street, London, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to
be as follows, namely:-
In the first place I make use of pendulos or oscillating grate bars, to
which I apply rods, levers, or other suitable means to give them motion on
their bearings or centres, and thereby break up and clear the fire from
clinkers and other impurities, and promote combustion. I also make the
upper edge of the grate bars of a bevilled form, with the bevil on that side
opposite to the fire door, by means of which, when motion is communicated to
the bars, the fuel is forced forward towards the bridge, and the apparatus
becomes thereby self-feeding.
In the second place, for the purpose of preventing smoke, I construct the
fire door with numerous small tubes projecting from the inner side towards
the fire, through which the fire in its passage becomes heated previous to its
admixture with the gases issuing from the fuel; I also apply the same means
to the surface by bars provided with similar tubes or channels, such tubes
or channels passing through and terminating a short distance above the
fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Webb and James Craig, of Tutbury, in the
County of Stafford, Cotton Spinners, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 13th December 1861, and dated the 18th June 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Webb and James
Craig at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th June 1861.
We, THOMAS WEBB and JAMES CRAIG, of Tutbury, in the County of
Stafford, Cotton Spinners, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND
WINDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to those spindles and flyers which are provided with
top bearings, and consists in adapting such bearings to the spindle direct
instead of to the flyer; and we form a passage for the yarn by boring the
spindle vertically from the top and with an outlet on one or both sides.
AN IMPROVED TRAP OR FLAP FOR COVERING THE ENTRANCES OF CELLARS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Schofield Senton, George
Hawkins, and Edward Stansfield at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd April 1861.
We, CALEB SCHOFIELD SENTON, of Park Road, Clapham, Builder, GEORGE
HAWKINS, of Port Street, Bermondsey, Builder, and EDWARD STANSFIELD, of
Commercial Road, Peckham, Agent, all in the same County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TRAP OR
FLAP FOR COVERING THE ENTRANCES OF CELLARS AND OTHER PLACES," to be
as follows:-
We propose to dispense with the labor and apparatus required for lifting
the ponderous traps or flaps covering the entrances to the cellars of wine
merchants, publicans, dock vaults, and the like. To effect this object we
propose to attach to the under side of the flap (which may be made of stone,
wood, iron, or any suitable material) next the house or building and near both
edges of the flap weighted counterbalance levers, the rods of which when the
flap is closed will lie close to the ceiling of the cellar, and when it is open
assume a vertical position, leaving the whole of the entrance clear for the
descent of the cask or other article. If the breast summer of the cellar be
lower than the opening, we bend the levers (as cranks) to the required
form.
AN IMPROVED PLATE HOLDER FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elliott Debenham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th December 1861.
I, WILLIAM ELLIOTT DEBENHAM, of The Terrace, Kensington Gardens
Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PLATE HOLDER FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
The Invention consists in so forming the plate holder for the purpose of
holding photographic plates while undergoing chemical action, that there shall
be no risk of the hands of the operator being stained or soiled by the spilling.
of the chemicals used, nor danger of the plates falling off the holder.
In the accompanying Drawing, which is a plan view of the holder, a is a
handle, in which is inserted a stout metal wire or other material 6, which is
bent into the form shewn, and fixed, to which are three guards c, c, c; d is the
plate, which may rest either on b, or entirely on the guards c, c, c, which may
be made of gutta percha, wood, glass, metal, caoutchouc, or other suitable
material, and which serve to prevent the plate from falling off the holder.
The guards are so formed as to present a surface slightly slanting outwards,
in order that the lower edge only of the plate touches and rests on the holder
and guards (the upper edge never coming in contact therewith), so that the
danger of staining the plates which might arise if any part of the holder were
to touch their upper or coated edge is entirely obviated. The handle is raised

page_text: above the level of the surface of the plate, the wire 6 being bent upwards
previously to its insertion into the handle. The shape of the holder may be
varied according to circumstances, and the guards may be arranged in different
positions to those shewn in the Drawing, the principle of the Invention being
nevertheless adhered to.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES, APPLICABLE TO THE USE OF ORDNANCE AND SMALL-ARMS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Augustus Lawson, John
Bowen Barnes, and John Loach, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th February 1861.
We, CHARLES AUGUSTUS LAWSON, of Aston New Town, near Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Gentleman, JOHN BOWEN BARNES, and JOHN LOACп,
Japanner, both of Birmingham, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES, APPLICABLE TO THE
USE OF ORDNANCE AND SMALL-ARMS," to be as follows (that is to say):
Our improvements consist in constructing or forming bullets or shots for
ordnance or small-arms of metal or metals best suited from its density or
weight and ductility for expansion, that at the moment of igniting the powder
the force of the gas (thereby generated) shall cause the breech end of the
projectile to rapidly expand so as to fill up the whole volume of the bore,
whether plain or rifled. And in the interior of our projectile we form a
concentric lengthway hole, terminating with one or more lateral holes, extending
out just at the base of its conical formed front end, and into this cavity or hole
we place any suitable fatty unctuous matter, covering it over at the rear end
with a wad, which being driven forward by the force of the gas at the moment
of discharge, will force out the lubricating matter, and cut off the escape of gas
in that direction, and between this concentric hole and the base of the missile
we purpose forming an enlarged inverted conical chamber, the surface of which
we divide into spiral grooves, in order that the moment of the expansive force
of the gas is applied to the missile it shall have a tendency of imparting to it a

page_text: spiral motion through the rifling of the bore. And in some instances, more
particularly for unrifled cannon or small-arms, we purpose to impart spiral
projecting fins around the conical front surface of such projectiles. By this
means we obtain the advantages of lubrication by the force of the gas pressing
forward the internal wad before referred to, so as to clean the fouling
deposited from the preceding charge, as also to prevent the tendency to
injure the rifling in the one instance, or to strip the missile in the other,
and which tendency is induced from the direct force or action of the gas and
the spiral form of the rifling, as well as the imparting to large or small shot
or bullets a spiral motion in their flight, though discharged from smooth
bored cannon or small-arms.
AN IMPROVED BEVERAGE, CALLED MOKA BEER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stanislas Pluchart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1861.
I, STANISLAS PLUCHART, of Paris, France, Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BEVERAGE, CALLED MOKA
BEER," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved beverage, which I intend calling
moka beer, and is composed of the following ingredients in about the following
proportions:-
300 parts by measure of fermented strong coffee.
300
do.
65
do.
do.
10
325
do.
of tafia.
of a solution of sugar and gum senegal.
of an alcoholic extract of bitter orange peel.
of water.
The liquid thus obtained is mixed in equal proportions with aerated water,
or made up (with an equal proportion of water) into an aerated beverage, and
forms the moka beer; or the liquid may be drunk without any addition of
water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Peacock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1861.
I, GEORGE PEACOCK, of Regent House, Starcross, in the County of Devon,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in anchors. For this
purpose the shank is composed of two wrought-iron plates connected together
at a distance apart from each other, the plates being kept at the required
distance apart by filling pieces at the head and crown; between these plates
is a single straight arm without any palm at its extremity, the arm is about
half the length of the shank, and turns at its base on a bolt near the crown
end of the shank, and the point of the arm lies towards the head of the shank;
the arm is capable of passing freely between the plates of the shank, so that
it can be made to project from either side of them, and at the base of the arm
are two semicircular flukes for the purpose of catching in the ground, and
causing the arm to project from one or other side of the shank, and so make
it to enter the ground, the end of the arm being either made chisel-shape or
pointed, to enable it to enter the ground with facility; on the shoulder of
each of the flukes is a pointed projection, so that if, when the anchor is on the
ground, the point of the lower fluke be between the shank plates, the pro-
jection may catch in the ground, and bring the fluke into action to cause the
arm enter the ground. The flukes have stops projecting from each of their

page_text: sides, which, when the arm projects from the shank on either side at an angle
of about 45° or 50 degrees, come against the top and bottom edges of the
shank plates, and thereby stop the movement of the arm, the arm is also
stopped by one of the flukes coming against the filling piece at the crown end
of the shank. In place of having a stock at the head of the anchor, I connect
a stock to the crown end of the shank, and I prefer to bend round the stock
on each side of the shank, and bring it back and connect it to the head, in
such manner as to form a pear-shaped bow or rim around the shank, the
broadest part of the bow being towards the crown, and on each side of the
shank at a point about one-third the length of the bow from the crown, I
place a bar or stay which connects the bow with the shank plates; this stay
serves to strengthen the bow, and the anchor can also be more readily fished
when brought to the cathead by catching the fish hook in the angle formed
between the bar or stay and the bow. The sides of the arm which are towards
the flukes are raised angularly in the centre, so as to offer less flat surface for
the adhesion of mud or other matter on breaking out of the ground; the
inner portions of the bow-formed stock and its stays are also made angular
on the top and bottom edge, and are rounded on the sides with the same
object.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-RAKES AND HARROWs
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Garrood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1861.
I, CHARLES GARROOD, of Penge, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-RAKES AND HARROWs,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in horse-rakes and harrows.
For these purposes each of the tines or teeth is at its upper end mounted on
a bar or rod, which is preferred to be hollow, in order to obtain stiffness and
strength with the least weight of metal. This bar or rod serves as an axis on
which each tooth can move or turn independently of the others. The bar or
rod is arranged in such manner that it may be raised or lowered in respect to
the centres of the wheels and be fixed at different times at different distances
from the surface of the land, and thus the distance from the earth at which
the points of the teeth or tines of the rake work may be regulated and adjusted.
The teeth or tines are lifted as heretofore to discharge the bay or other matters
which have been collected by them. The shafts are attached to the axles of
the wheels, or to the rod or bar on which the tines or teeth are mounted, by
connecting parts which, by preference, are hollow, in order to obtain lightness
together with strength and stiffness. In constructing harrows the teeth or
tines are set in circles, and by preference in two circles; each harrow is in the
form of a wheel with radial spokes, on each of which, at a distance from the
centre, is formed a projection with a suitable recess or otherwise to receive the

page_text: stem of a tooth or tine, and the whole of the tines or teeth are secured by a
hoop, the two ends of which are fastened by a screw bolt. In a similar manner
the stems of the teeth or tines aro received into recesses or otherwise at the
periphery or outer circumference of the harrow, and they are secured by a
hoop the ends of which are fastened together by a screw bolt.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PISTONS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Garforth, of Dukinfield, in the County of
Chester, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
METALLIC PISTONS."
Sealed the 9th August 1861, and dated the 14th February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Garforth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
February 1861.
I, JAMES GARFORTH, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
METALLIC PISTONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of maintaining a steam-tight
packing between the piston and interior of the cylinder.
The improvement consists in the employment and use of an annular weight
acting upon the ordinary internal V ring, which expands the packing ring of
the piston. A portion of the piston block is made in the form of an annular
inclined plane (or a ring of the required form may be recessed in the block,
and divided into segments at intervals), the annular weight or ring that acts
upon the V and packing rings having its inner surface also inclined, and the
two inclined surfaces being in contact, so that the annular weight has a

page_text: constant tendency to press outwards, which pressure is exerted upon certain
pins or plugs pressing upon the V ring, and the external packing ring is
thereby kept in perfect contact with the cylinder.
In horizontal cylinders a somewhat different arrangement is required,
which consists in a weight in the form of a ring, and at about the lowest
horizontal portion a projection is formed thereupon, which carries two anti-
friction bowls or rollers, which act upon the inclined planes formed upon the
packing ring itself, and keep it continually pressed against the sides of the
cylinder. The ring or annular weight in this description of piston has no
incline formed upon it, but is provided with an aperture in the centre of an
ovoid form, through which the piston rod passes, and which allows of the
entire weight of the ring being concentrated, and exerted upon the inclined
planes of the packing ring.
AN IM- PROVED MODE OF COPYING WRITINGS, DRAWINGS, PRINTS, AND SIMILAR OBJECTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Kohn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1861.
I, FERDINAND KOHN, of No. 17, Southampton Terrace, Waterloo Bridge,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED MODE OF COPYING WRITINGS, DRAWINGS, PRINTS, AND SIMILAR OBJECTS,"
to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in passing an electric current through a great
number of sheets of paper, or any other suitable material, piled upon each
other and impregnated with substances capable of producing a coloured stain
on the paper at any place where the electric current passes through the same.
A substance of this kind is the nitrate of silver, dissolved in distilled water,
but any other chemical compound or mixture possessing similar electric pro-
perties may be used instead of the above. The said sheets, being placed
upon a metallic plate, connected with one pole of the electric battery, and
being kept sufficiently damp for conduction, I connect the metallic pen or
type with the other pole of the battery, thereby producing the exact copy of
the writing, drawing, or printing made upon the upper sheet simultaneously
on all the sheets.
Drawings, prints, and photographs, if so prepared that the coloured or shaded
parts be non-conductors of electricity, while the uncoloured part of the original
is kept damp, and thereby capable of conducting an electric current, or if made
with an ink composed of conducting materials on a non-conducting surface,
may be copied by the same method.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING NEEDLES USED IN SEWING AND OTHER MACHINES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THOSE PARTS OF SUCH MACHINES THAT HOLD THE NEEDLES, AND APPLICABLE TO ALL OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF NEEDLES, AND TO SCISSORS, AND TO THIMBLES TREATED IN LIKE MANNER
Year: 1861

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Benjamin Nicoll at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 20th February 1861, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
NICOLL, Shirt Maker, of 42, Regent Circus, Piccadilly, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS, I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF TREATING NEEDLES USED IN SEWING AND OTHER MACHINES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO
THOSE PARTS OF SUCH MACHINES THAT HOLD THE NEEDLES, AND APPLICABLE TO ALL
OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF NEEDLES, AND TO SCISSORS, AND TO THIMBLES TREATED IN
LIKE MANNER," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
Executors, Administrators, and Assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the
same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the first and true
Inventor of the same.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Nicoll, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement:-
My Invention consists in magnetising scissors, thimbles, and also all kinds
of needles used for sewing purposes, including stitching, sewing, hemming,
embroidery (whether done by hand or by machine), and also those parts

page_text: of machines that hold the needles, so as to facilitate the adjustment of them
to the machine, and by its means they can be placed quickly to the nicety
required.
The application of my Invention to seissars and thimbles will enable the
sewer to place needles when not in use upon them, thereby preventing their
being lost, and will enable persons to pick up needles more easily.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WHEELS AND TYRES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Allason Fletcher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
- June 1861.
I, HENRY ALLASON FLETCHER, of Whitehaven, in "the County of Cumber-
land, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WHEELS AND TYRES," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of railway
wheels and tyres, so as to obtain greater strength, less liability to fracture or
fly asunder during frosty weather. Under one modification the tyre of the
wheel is rolled or made with a feather or central projecting rib formed on the
back or inner surface of the tyre. The sides of this feather are turned, or
otherwise shaped, to form a dovetail or wedge-shaped rib, the narrower portion
of the rib being next the inner face of the tyre. The wheel is formed in
two halves, which meet together at the central part forming the boss of the
wheel; the spokes are duplex and extend outwards a little from the boss in a
diverging or angular direction. Each of these duplex or double series of
spokes is connected at the outer extremities by a rim, there are thus two rims
arranged parallel and with their inner faces converging towards the peripheries.
The dovetail feather of the tyre is inserted between the converging faces of
the rims, so that when shrunk on the tyre is tightly wedged between the rims.
The tyre is further secured by a bolt passed through the head of each spoke,
and secured on the other side by a nut, or in lieu of this each pair of spokes

page_text: may be riveted together, and, if required, a greater number of these fastenings
may be used, or they be otherwise disposed round the rim of the wheel. In
this way of arranging and constructing railway wheels the tyres require very
little shrinking, and on that account are much stronger, and are less liable to
fracture during frost, and if a tyre should break it cannot fly off from the
wheel as it is firmly held by the dovetail feather. Another element of strength
is obtained by the peculiar formation of the tyre, which is not weakened by
bolt holes being formed in it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEEP SHEARS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coldwell and William Coldwell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 8th August 1861.
We, JOHN COLDWELL, Scissors Forger, and WILLIAM COLDWELL, Sheep Shears
Forger, both of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEEP
SHEARS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto sheep shears have been forged from iron bars of a uniform
sectional area, the bows reduced to figure by several operations involving con-
siderable loss of time, the blades drawn out, and the steel for the cutting edge
welded thereto by hand. We propose to use for the blades bars of iron in
combination with steel welded thereto by forging or tilting, and reduced to the
proper size by rolling each of the blades; we can then form at one heat. For
the bow and shanks we use iron rolled to the proper size for the purpose; this
iron we can weld to the blades, and forge hollow for the shanks at one heat.
The remaining processes are performed in the ordinary manner. Our Inven-
tion involves the saving of a large amount of manual labour, & secures a more
perfect article.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Riley and Thomas Carns
Wolstenholme at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th April 1861.
We, ISAAC RILEY and THOMAS CARNS WOLSTENHOLME, of Blackburn, in the
County of Lancaster, Plumbers and Brass Founders, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS FOR
DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improved methods of heating water for
domestic and other purposes, whereby explosions arising from the effect of
frost or deficiency of water are prevented. Instead of allowing the pipes
which are connected to the boiler to communicate directly with the hot water
cistern we cause them to communicate with an intermediato vessel in which
there is one pipe communicating with the bottom of a supply cistern; and in
order to obtain the circulation of the water and prevent the danger of explosion
we attach one end of the circulating pipe to the top of the intermediate vessel,
and after it has extended to the required height it is then returned to nearly the
bottom of the interior of the intermediate vessel, there being connected to the
circulating pipe a steam or escape pipe for carrying off the surplus water and
steam, and preventing the explosion of the pipes. To the top of the supply
pipe is attached a tap or valve and air pipe, so that the supply of water can be
stopped when required for repairs or other purposes without the necessity of
extinguishing the fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEN'S SCARPS, CRAVATS, AND NECKTIES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Curtiss at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1861.
I, HENRY CURTISS, at present of No. 7º, Skinner Street, Snow Hill, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEN'S SCARPS, CRAVATS, AND NECKTIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a process of ornamenting or producing a
certain novel and improved effect or appearance upon such articles, and,
secondly, to a means of affording additional warmth and comfort in the wear
of the same. The first object is attained by producing or forming any desired
pattern or design on such articles by quilting or stitching the fabric, either by
hand or machine (the latter being preferred). This quilting or stitching, in
which the thread is to be drawn rather tightly, not only produces the desired
pattern upon the fabric, but puckers or quilts up the surface, giving a novel
and greatly improved appearance to the material. The quilting or stitching
may be effected upon the single fabric or material, or upon two or more
thicknesses of the same; or by placing at the back or between the two fabrics
a piece of "dornett," wadding, or other soft material, a greatly improved effect
will be produced, and at the same time an additional warmth and comfort
will be imparted to the scarf, cravat, or necktie, which will be rendered
warm, soft, and pliable, and thus the second object of these improvements is
attained.
AN IMPROVED WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Julien Jaulin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
December 1861.
I, LOUIS JULIEN JAULIN, Musical Instrument Manufacturer, of 2, Rue
St. Appoline, Paris, France, & of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do
hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "AN IMPROVED WIND MUSICAL
INSTRUMENT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of a portable wind instrument
with free reed stops, with which all kinds of music may be performed. This
instrument, which I prefer to be in metal, may be used for military music, in
orchestres, and concerts, and also serve as an accompaniment with the piano
or other instrument.
The notes obtained by this instrument are formed by pistons, and form the
chromatic gamut, the number of notes on the instrument can be greater or
less as desired, for example, from thirteen to twenty-four notes, or more if
thought necessary.
The instrument has a mouthpiece of the same shape of a small beak, similar
to that of the flageolet, and having two kinds of hooks in which the left-hand
fingers are placed to hold the instrument, so that those of the right hand can
move the pistons to sound the notes desired to be obtained.
The notes emitted at the same time by the instrument can be retained in
any number in order to produce chords.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1861.-A communication from abroad by Jean Florent Dussol,
of Saint Lys, Haute Garonne, France, Cabinet Maker.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING
MACHINES," (communicated to me from abroad by Jean Florent Dussol, of.
Saint Lys, Haute Garonne, France, Cabinet Maker,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to render thrashing machines capable of
separating and purifying the seed of clover, lucerne, red hay, and other plants
fit for fodder, and these improvements consist, firstly, of an iron plate solidly
fixed along the entire length of the counterbeater of a thrashing machine of
any description, such plate being pricked with a graver until rasping teeth.
are raised close together and well defined above; it is secured by small bolts
passing through the openings of the grating to a band of iron which receives
them. This plate forms very slightly prominent ribs following the rods of the
counterbeater which serve to support it.
Secondly, of an arched plate bolted to the blades of the beater; this plate
is also pricked with the graving tool into rasping teeth slightly more pro-
minent than those of the counterbeater. These teeth seize and press the layer
of plants, from which the seed is to be removed, upon the counterbeater where
they are torn and crushed by the activity of the beater.

page_text: Thirdly, of a sorting sieve for separating the straw from the flower, and
facilitating the purification of the seed. This sieve is suspended to a frame by
flexible leather bands which lend themselves easily to the necessary motion.
A light wooden pallet with handle is added to bring the layer to the mouth of
the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Middleton, Boot Manufacturer, and John
Wright, Engineer, both of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, in the City
of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
Sealed the 26th December 1861, and dated the 28th June 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Middleton and
John Wright at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th June 1861.
I, SAMUEL MIDDLETON, Boot Manufacturer, and I, JOHN WRIGHT, Engineer,
both of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
First, we make a box the shape of the boot, formed of any metal, preferably
cast iron. We construct this box in two halves which are hinged and turn on
a rod or bar of metal. It is then firmly fixed on a frame which is capable of
sliding towards a machine which screws the outer to the inner sole. The last,
with the boot or shoe on it, is placed within the metallic box, and tightly
screwed up by means of levers and screws, or chains, or any other mechanical
contrivance, the tacks or pegs are then put in all round, thus fixing the upper
leather to the inner sole. When this operation is completed we take the last

page_text: out of the box, and affix the outer sole with two or three pegs or tacks, to
keep it in position, and then place the last with the sole attached within the
box and screw it up, which action forces the outer sole close to the inner; the
box is then turned at right angles to its former position, and brought in front
of a machine by which the outer sole is screwed to the inner, and the boot or
shoe is taken out and trimmed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING COPPER FROM ITS ORES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Spence and James Mellor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 6th August 1861.
We, PETER SPENCE, of Newton Heath, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, and JAMES MELLOR, of Manchester,
aforesaid, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING COPPER FROM ITS ORES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a method of separating copper from its ores, for
which a Patent was granted to Peter Spence, bearing date Nov. 3rd 1860
(No. 2702). According to the method therein specified, the ores were so
changed in character by substances as to render the copper soluble in an acid,
and one of which substauces became the solvent. The plan we now propose
is another method of carrying out the said principle, the design being to
economize the operation; to effect this, we submit the ores in combination
with an acid or other substances capable of acting after the same manner to
the action of heat in a furnace, so that a condition of copper soluble in an acid
is produced, which solvent we subsequently add. The ores as they come from
the manufacture of sulphuric acid, or in their native state (after roasting), we
grind previously to placing them in the furnace.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-REGISTERING THERMOMETER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hicks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
1861.
I, JAMES HICKS, of Hatton Garden, in the City of London, Meteorological
Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-REGISTERING THERMOMETER," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect the registration of the lowest atino-
spheric temperature within a given period by means of a mercurial thermometer.
This I effect by introducing into the glass tube of the thermometer a small
portion of air, sufficient to form an air speck that will sever the mercury in
the bulb from that in the glass tube, and yet at the same time allow of the
height of the column diminishing as the temperature falls. The neck of
the bulb containing the bulk of the mercury I contract so as to prevent the
air from readily passing down into the bulb, and to facilitate the passage of
the mercury from the tube into the bulb, through the air speck (which will
during a fall of temperature have its seat in the bulb neck,) I introduce into
the bulb a platinum wire which projects upwards into the neck of the bulb,
and by capillary attraction draws down the mercury past the air speck while
the temperature is falling.
To operate with this novel construction of instrument, I first bring the air
speck into the neck of the bulb, and measure the length in degrees of the
separated column. Having noted this, I next note the temperature indicated

page_text: by the thermometer, and suspend it in the desired position for ascertaining the
greatest fall of the mercury during a given period. In order to read off this
fall of temperature, say during the past night, I first measure the column of
mercury above the air speck, and subtract that amount from the length of the
column noticed at the time of commencing the observation, and the result-
ing difference I deduct from the temperature first noted. By this means I
ascertain the minimum temperature of the atmosphere within the given
period.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR. APPARATUS POR SEWING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Sellers, of Keighley, in the County of York,.
Machine Maker,, for the Invention. of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR.
APPARATUS POR SEWING."
Sealed the 20th May 1862; and dated the 26th November 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Sellers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on the 26th
November 1861.
I, WILLIAM SELLERS, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine Maker,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SEWING," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to that class of sewing machines in which two
threads are employed, one operated by a needle, and the other by a shuttle,
and in which the various movements are obtained from one cam or tappet;
and they consist in operating the needle by its cam or tappet,. so that when
the shuttle enters the thread on the needle, the needle may have a slight back
motion given to it sufficient to admit of the shuttle passing through without
drawing off more thread than required for the passage of the shuttle, by which
facility is given for using a much greater range in sizes of needles and thread
in the same machine, and of sewing greater varieties of work.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, SHAPING, AND DRESSING STONE OR OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua William Graham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 16th
January 1861.
I, JOSHUA WILLIAM GRAHAM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Stone Mason, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, SHAPING, AND DRESSING
STONE OR OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel arrangement and description of machinery
for reducing stone and other similar substances to a required size and form,
and for producing a regular or smooth surface thereupon.
The machinery consists of a bed or table upon which the stone is placed,
aud to which a reciprocating sliding motion is imparted by ordinary mechanical
and self-acting means. Above this table a beam extends from end to end of
the machine, upon which a framing is supported in such a manner as to be
adjustable, and carrying an arrangement of bevil gearing in connection with
toothed wheels, which are attached by means of cranks to a tool box containing
the chisel or chisels, and placed at the required angle for cutting, and the
upper portion of this tool box is furnished with a weight, by which means the
chisel is caused to cut or chip the stone. When motion is imparted to the
gearing, the crank will cause the chisel in the tooth box to make a succession
of strokes upon the stone, which by the effect of the weight or hammer will
cause the stone to be cut or chipped to any form or size, which, together with

page_text: the depth of the cut, may be regulated or controlled by the attendant. In order
that the edge of the chisel may not become unequally worn it is turned half
round at each stroke by means of a crank, so that each side of the chisel is
presented alternately to the stone.