A TRAVELLING MILL AND IMPROVED MILLSTONES, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest Ciprien Brochand, of Gerrard Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Miller, for the Invention of "A TRAVELLING MILL
AND IMPROVED MILLSTONES, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER
Sealed the 16th November 1858, and dated the 18th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest Ciprien Brochand
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th May 1858.
I, ERNEST CIPRIEN BROCHAND, of Gerrard Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
TRAVELLING MILL AND IMPROVED MILLSTONES, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING
APPLICABLE TO OTHER APPARATUS TURNED OR WORKED BY HORSES," to be as
follows:-
This mill is so mounted on or combined with a carriage that it may
travel about from place to place; it is principally intended to be actuated by a
horse moving round it. The carriage supports a bolter as well as the mill-
stones, &c.; a bran box and tool case may also be mounted thereon. My
improved millstones are formed with curved and straight furrows, that is to
say, curved and straight "master" and "guide" furrows leading into one

page_text: another are formed and combined on each millstone, thereby obtaining a
large amount of work and better circulation of air. To prevent jerks, shocks,
or drags being communicated to the mill-work when the horse starts or
changes pace, &c., motion is transmitted from the driving shaft to the driving
or main wheel (which actuates the mill-work through suitable connections),
by means of a pressing or friction plate, wheel, or cone, mounted on the shaft
and so adjusted as to press upon the main wheel just sufficiently to drive it,
(regulated according to the normal resistance to overcome), and only slide on
its surface without moving it in case of shocks, jerks, &c.
The friction plate is so mounted that it may rise and fall on the shaft while
turning with it, and it may lie flat on the main wheel, or fit into it by feather
and groove, or other adjustment. This mode of preventing transmission of
shocks, &c., may be applied to various descriptions of apparatus turned or
worked by horses. A pawl is attached to the pole or perch, taking into the
teeth of a wheel fixed on the shaft so as to drive it and the shaft when the
horse goes forward, but not when it walks backward. The ground matters
may be directed into and out of the bolter by guide screws, elevator, or other
contrivance actuated, as is also the bolter, by connections from the driving
shaft.
The mill may be readily adapted for being worked by steam or other motor
instead of by horse.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ernest Ciprien Brochand in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNEST
CIPRIEN BROCHAND, of Gerrard Street, in the County of Middlesex, Miller,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Ernest Ciprien Brochand, Her special licence that I, the said Ernest Ciprien
Brochand, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Ernest Ciprien Brochand, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all

page_text: times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A
TRAVELLING MILL AND IMPROVED MILLSTONES, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING
APPLICABLE TO OTHER APPARATUS TURNED OR WORKED BY HORSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ernest Ciprien Brochand, my
exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernest Ciprien Brochand, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
that is to say:-
The mill is so mounted on or combined with a carriage that it may travel
about from place to place; it is principally intended to be actuated by a horse
moving round it. The carriage supports a bolter as well as the millstones,
&c.; a bran box and tool case may also be mounted thereon.
My improved millstones are formed with curved and straight furrows;
that is to say, curved and straight master and guide furrows leading into ono
another are formed and combined on each millstone, whereby a large amount
of work and better circulation of air may be obtained.
To prevent jerks, shocks, or drags being communicated to the mill-work
when the horse starts or changes pace, &c., motion is transmitted from the
driving shaft to the driving or main wheel (which actuates the millstone
through suitable connections), by means of a pressing or friction plate, wheel,
or cone, mounted on the shaft and so adjusted as to press on the main wheel
just sufficiently to drive it (regulated according to the normal resistance to be
overcome), while it will only slide on its surface without moving it, in case of
shocks, jerks, &c. This friction plate is so mounted that it may rise and
fall on the shaft while turning with it, it may lie flat on the main wheel, or fit
into it by feather and groove, or other adjustment. This mode of preventing
transmission of shocks, &c., may be applied to various descriptions of apparatus
turned or worked by horses.
A pawl is attached to the pole or perch, taking into the teeth of a wheel

page_text: fixed on the shaft so as to drive it and the shaft when the horse goes forward,
but not when it walks backward. The ground matters may be directed into
and out of the bolter by guide screws, clevator, or other contrivance actuated,
The mill
as is also the bolter, by connections from the driving shaft.
may be readily adapted for being worked by steam or other motor instead of
by horse.
The accompanying Drawings exemplify the mode in which the Invention
may be carried into effect.
Figure 1 is an end view, Figure 2 front view, and Figure 3 back view, of
my travelling mill arranged for horse-power; A, A, are beams forming the
framework of the carriage, on which is laid a floor or platform supporting the
parts of the mill, &c. The carriage is mounted on four wheels B, B, and hung
on springs a, a; an elastic pad is used to prevent jolting and breakage of springs,
consisting of a number of india-rubber washers strung on a rod fitted to the
centre of the spring, and having a certain up-and-down play in a guide
mortice; C, C', are the millstones enclosed in a wooden or iron casing,
C being the lower millstone or "bed-stone," and C' the upper millstone or
"runner;" Dis the spindle of the runner, passing through a bush in the bed-
stone, held at bottom (within the frame d, d) and supported on a screw
pedestal or threaded foot d, by actuating which (by the handle E', rod E,
toothed wheel c, c, and band chain ), the spindle D may be raised or
lowered, and the millstones thereby brought nearer to or further from cach
other; F is a bevil wheel on the spindle D, to which it transmits rotary
motion from a wheel F', driven as to be presently described; G is a hopper,
into which the grain is fed, and whence it falls on to a vibrating feed-
plate or tray G' (actuated by an excentric g on an upright g' fixed on the
rynd of the runner) from which the grain is delivered to the stones. All these
parts are supported in a frame H, resting on the millstone casing.
Figure 4 is a plan of a millstone, exemplifying my mode of "dressing" or
arranging the furrows, which I prefer to form as follows:-Supposing for ex-
ample, the diameter of my millstone to be 30 inches; from the centre S of the
stone with a radius of three inches describe a circle u forming the "eye," and
from same centre with radius of 12 inches describe another circle v, whereof
the circumference forms the boundary at which the curved furrows terminate,
and the straight furrows commence, the latter extending to the edge of the
millstone. From a point of the circle v draw straight lines a¹, x², x³, &c.,
through the centre S, and divide the circumference of circle v into ten equal
parts (more or less), commencing at this point; from each of the points of

page_text: division, 1, 2, 3, &c., with a, x', &c., as radii, describe arcs m, m³, &c., these
are to form the master furrows. From the centre S with radius of 2 inches
describe a circle y to get tangents t, t, &c., to the ares m, m³, &c., in order
to form straight furrows corresponding or leading to the master furrows; next
divide each arc m, m', &c., into four equal parts, and through the points of
division from the centres 1, 2, &c., of the master furrows, describe concentric
ares,,, to form a set or compartment of guide furrows between two
master furrows, one such set being between every two of the master furrows,
drawn in like manner. Lastly, from the ends of these guide furrows draw
straight furrows w, w¹, parallel to t, t¹.
I wish it to be understood that I do not restrict myself to the foregoing
proportions, dimensions, or number of furrows, the breadth and depth of
which may be regulated according to the nature and dimensions of the "burr,"
and the number increased with the size of the stone. M is the main shaft of
the horse gear or "gin," stepped in a socket 22 and held in a collar n',
supported in brackets N, N, fixed to the carriage floor; P is a frame or
socket block turning freely on the top of the shaft, and having fitted in it the
pole or bar to which the horse is harnessed; under this a toothed wheel P
is keyed to the shaft M; p is a ratchet or pawl connected to the socket P, so
contrived that when the horse moves forward the pawl may bear against the
teeth of the wheel P and drive it round, and with it the shaft M; whereas
when the horse goes backward the pawl slides on the wheel without moving it,
and consequently without moving the shaft M.
I now proceed to explain my arrangement for preventing transmission of
jerks, shocks, sudden drags, &c., from the horse to the mill-work. Q is the
main driving wheel turning freely on the shaft M; q is a friction plate, cone,
or wheel, fitted on and turning with the shaft M, formed with a groove or
slot, into which a feather on the shaft takes, so that the cone or wheel may
rise and fall on the shaft while revolving with it; q is a four-armed nut
which is screwed on the shaft M, and may be caused to bear more or less
upon q, and when so tightened as to press 9 against the top of the wheel Q
the friction causes the latter to turn with the plate q, the screw being
tightened up sufliciently to overcome the resistance offered by the machinery
to the motion of Q; and the friction must be so regulated as just to drive the
wheel under ordinary circumstances, so that if the horse on starting, or other-
wise, happen to give a sudden jerk or shake to the shaft M and plate 2, the
latter will not transmit the same to the wheel, but will just slide or rub on its
surface, thereby preventing injury to the mill-work. The friction plate or

page_text: wheel 17 may be flat or conical, it may be formed with a circular projection
taking into a corresponding groove on the wheel Q, or may fit into the top
thereof. This arrangement may be adapted to other apparatus turned or
worked by horses.
Qis a bevil wheel in gear with the wheel Q on a shaft 9, supported in
bearings,,, fixed to the carriage floor; R is a toothed wheel driven by
the wheel Q', and in gear with a bevil wheel R, whose shaft f is suspended
in bearing blocks s, s¹, s, and carries the bevil wheel F, which drives the
spindle F of the runner. I is a shoot for delivering the grain to the bolter into
which it is fed by an elevator or other contrivance enclosed in a channel 1';
J is the casing of the bolting mill; T is a hexagonal bolting cylinder, having
its sides covered with wire cloth, and to which motion is communicated from
a wheel on the shaft M by a band passing over a pulley j on the bolter
shaft is a screw for guiding the flour to the outlet j, driven by a strap
passing over its pulley ', receiving motion from the pulley on the bolter
shaft; the elevator is actuated by a strap on pullies,, ; K is a sliding
door for removing the "middlings;" the bran drops through a shoot /^ into
a box U, instead of which a sack may be suspended on the draught bar;
V is a tool box, which may be removed to another part of the apparatus
instead of U and V, a cleaning apparatus may be set on the carriage; X is
the driver's seat. To prevent vibration of the machinery when at work props
are fixed to the draught bar in screw sockets, through which lever handles
pass.
Although the mill is represented as arranged for being worked by horse, it
may be readily adapted for being actuated by steam by fitting a driving wheel
on one of the shafts for transmitting motion.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that what I claim is,
First, combining a mill (and its appurtenances) with a carriage so as to form
a travelling mill, or mill which may be moved from place to place, and
worked by horse or other motive agent, without disconnecting it from its
rolling or travelling support.
Second, the general arrangement and combination of parts of travelling
mill herein-before described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Third, the mode of forming or dressing millstones with a combination of
curved and straight master and guide furrows leading into one another, as
herein-before described.
Fourth, the arrangement and combination of parts herein-before described,

page_text: for preventing jerks, shocks, or sudden drags, from being communicated from
the horse to the mill-work.
And I also claim, the adaptation of such arrangement and combination of
parts to apparatus generally turned or worked by horses.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernest Ciprien Brochand, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, in the
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
year of
Witness,
M. HENRY,
84, Fleet Street.
ERNEST CIPRIEN BROCHAND. (L.S.)