IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DECK AND OTHER BEAMS, AND OF ANGULAR AND OTHER BARS OF VARIOUS FORMS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clay, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Iron and Steel Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DECK AND OTHER BEAMS, AND OF ANGULAR
AND OTHER BARS OF VARIOUS FORMS."
Sealed the 12th August 1859, and dated the 19th February 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1859.
I, WILLIAM CLAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron and
Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DECK AND OTHER BEAMS, AND OF
ANGULAR AND OTHER BARS OF VARIOUS FORMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of beams and bars of various
forms by the use of puddled steel, the object being to obtain considerably.
increased strength and rigidity than heretofore from a given section of beam
or bar. The forms of steel bars which I propose to manufacture are those
shewn in the accompanying Drawing or modifications thereof.
In carrying out my Invention, I take the puddled steel in the form of a
bloom or billet, and subject it to the action of suitable rolls; or I pile or
arrange bars of steel cut to suitable lengths (either in combination with or
without bars of iron), and having carefully heated the pile in a reverberatory

page_text: or other furnace, I subject it to the action of suitable shaping rolls. In
preparing the pile, I arrange the metal bars which are to compose it in such
a manner as to have the fewest practicable number of external joints, and
this I effect by forming the external part of the pile of two bars of a trough
or a V shape, and the vacant space formed by bringing these bars together I
fill with other bars, which may, if required, be of different temper or quality to
that of the exterior bars.
Another method of piling which I also propose to employ, and which would
not require the use of any special form of bar (such as the trough or V
bars above mentioned) is that known in the manufacture of iron as box
piling.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clay in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th
August 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron and Steel Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Clay, Her special license that I, the said William
Clay, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Clay, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DECK AND OTHER BEAMS, AND OF
ANGULAR AND OTHER BARS OF VARIOUS FORMS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Clay, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of, the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clay, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
"formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Deck and other
Beams, and of Angular and other Bars of various -Forms," relates to the
'manufacture of beams and bars of various forms by the use of puddled steel,
the object being to obtain considerably increased strength and rigidity than
heretofore from a given section of bean or bar.
The forms of steel bars which I propose to manufacture are those shown at
Figs. 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 in the accompanying
Drawing or modifications thereof. It will be observed, that most of the bars
shewn in the Drawing are represented with a bulb, enlargement, or swelling
at one or both of the edges of the bars, the object being to give increased
strength to those parts of the bar which are required to resist the strain.
In carrying out my Invention, I take the puddled steel in the form of a
bloom or billet, and I subject it to the action of suitable rolls, whereby the
blooms are rolled out into bars of the desired form; or I pile or arrange
bars of steel cut to suitable lengths, and having carefully heated the pile
in a reverberatory or other furnace, I subject it to the action of suitable
shaping rolls. In preparing the pile, I arrange the metal bars which are to
compose it in such a manner as to have the fewest practicable number of
external joints, and this I effect by forming the external part of the pile
of two bars of a trough or a L shape, and the vacant space formed by
bringing these bars together I fill with other bars, which may, if required,
be of different temper or quality to that of the exterior bars. If desired, a
portion of the pile may consist of steel, while the remainder may be composed
of iron.
The different materials of which the pile is composed must be so arranged
that the parts of the finished bar which will be exposed to the greatest strain
must be made of steel, while the remainder of the bar may be made of iron.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn, at Figures 11 and 12, two
plans of arranging bars in the form of a pile for the purpose of my Invention.
It will be seen, on referring to the above-mentioned Figures, that there are
only two joints to the pile instead of eight or more, as would be the case in an
ordinary pile as seen in Fig. 13. a, a, in Figures 11 and 12, represent the
trough or angular shape of bar which I use to form the external part of the
pile, while the interior is filled with flat bars b, b.

page_text: - Another method of piling which I also propose to employ, and which would
not require the use of any special form of bar (such as the trough or angle
bars above mentioned), is that known in the manufacture of iron as box
piling, and is shewn in Fig. 14. For some of the shapes of bars shewn in the
accompanying Drawings it may be convenient, when making bars of large
.dimensions, to use what are known as shaped piles, that is, piles that roughly
approximate to the shape of the finished bar. Two examples of shaped piles
are given at Figures 15 and 16; when these piles have been properly heated,
they are passed through rolls and rolled into the required shape, according to
the purpose for which the bars are intended to be applied. Examples of
different sections of bars are given in the accompanying Drawings, before
referred to, but modifications of the shape shewn may also be employed.
Having now described my Invention, and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent as aforesaid the manufacture from puddled steel of deck
beams and angular and other bars of various forms as shewn and described.
I also claim the improved mode herein-before described of making deck and
other beams and angular and other bars of various forms from piles of bars.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clay, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
WILLIAM CLAY. (L.S.)