THE APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN WELL-KNOWN PROCESS TO THE COVERING OF IRON IN SHEETS OR BARS WITH COPPER OR COPPER ALLOYS, WHEREBY HE PRODUCES A NEW AND USEFUL PRODUCT
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Tytherleigh, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Clerk of Works, for the Invention of "THE APPLICATION OF
A CERTAIN WELL-KNOWN PROCESS TO THE COVERING OF IRON IN SHEETS OR
BARS WITH COPPER OR COPPER ALLOYS, WHEREBY HE PRODUCES A NEW AND
USEFUL PRODUCT."
Sealed the 3rd August 1855, and dated the 30th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Tytherleigh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th March 1855.
I, WILLIAM TYTHERLEIGH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Clerk of Works, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "THE
APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN WELL-KNOWN PROCESS TO THE COVERING OF IRON IN
SHEETS OR BARS WITH COPPER OR COPPER ALLOYS, WHEREBY I PRODUCE A NEW AND
USEFUL PRODUCT," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in covering iron in sheets or bars, or articles that
may have been wrought into any desired shape or form, with copper or copper
alloys, in the same way in which iron is brazed together, such as the joints of
ordinary iron tubing, which is done by mixing graines of copper or copper
alloys with borax or other suitable fluxes, and submitting the same to heat in
a suitable furnace or stove, when the copper or copper alloys will readily melt
and incorporate itself with the iron at the juncture, and when cold a perfect
seam or joint is thereby made. And in like manner I distribute over the
surface of sheet or other forms of iron I may wish to cover, any desirable.

page_text: quantity of copper or of copper alloys, together with the necessary quantity of
borax or other fluxes, and submit the same to the necessary amount of heat,
when the graines of copper or copper alloys will fuse and flow evenly over the
surface of the iron I may desire to cover; and if this process is required on
both sides, the sheet can be reversed and the same process repeated; and when
smooth surfaces are required I pass the sheet or sheets while hot between a
pair of suitable rolls. Or this process may be done upon a moderately thick
sheet of iron, and which may be subsequently reduced by the process of rolling,
and sheets of iron thus covered with copper or brass on one or both sides may
be afterwards worked up into a variety of useful purposes, as it will stand
almost the same amount of hammering and planishing as sheets of copper
or brass.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Tytherleigh in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
TYTHERLEIGH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Clerk of Works,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Tytherleigh, Her special license that I, the said William
Tytherleigh, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Tytherleigh, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "THE
APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN WELL-KNOWN PROCESS TO THE COVERING OF IRON IN SHEETS
OR BARS WITH COPPER OR COPPER ALLOYS, WHEREBY I PRODUCE A NEW AND USEFUL
PRODUCT," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Tytherleigh, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that-I, the said William Tytherleigh, do hereby declare
the nature of ny said Invention, and in what manner the same is to-be-per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-.
My Invention will be understood by the following description-It has
long been the practice to unite pieces of iron, such as the joints or seams of
sheet iron, to form tubing, and also parts of other iron articles, by laying; over
and in contact with the surfaces intended to be united à sufficient quantity of
granulated brass (commonly known as hard solder) mixed with borax, or any
other suitable-flux, and then submitting the parts to a heat sufficient to melt
the solder, which will then by aid of the flux (employed) readily flow between
the adjoining edges or surfaces and unite them. But, to the best of my belief,
this system has been used only for the purpose of uniting surfaces together, and
has never been applied to the coating or covering of extended surfaces of iron.
And my Invention consists in means of adapting or applying the process
referred to to the coating of sheets or bars of iron or articles of iron when
wrought into any desired shape or form with copper or alloys of copper, by
which I obtain a valuable result, as such shects of iron. so covered may be
stamped, raised, or formed in the various shapes and purposes for which sheet
copper or brass has heretofore been used. And the mode I proceed to carry my
Invention into effect will be readily understood by the following description:-
Thus, supposing it to be desirable to coat the surface of a sheet or bar of iron,
or any other article made of iron, I first prepare the surface or surfaces by
pickling or cleansing (a process well understood when preparing metals for
coating with tin or other soft. metals); and if a pure copper is to form the
coating, that metal must be distributed in a fine granulated state over the
surface of the sheet mixed with borax or other suitable flux; the proportion of
borax or other flux to the coating. metal used will be from two to five ounces
of flux to one pound of inetal, but this will vary according to the hardness of
the copper or alloy of copper that may be employed. In this condition the
sheet or other article is fit for the next process, namely, that of heating, to
cause the copper to flow over the surface of the metal. For this purpose I
provide myself with an enclosed fire-place or furnace, of a size suitable to
take in and heat the sheets, bars, or other articles to be coated; and I prefer
that the furnace be constructed with doors on opposite sides, in order that the
sheets or other articles may be passed through the furnace, and thereby be
more uniformly heated; and also that when drawing the sheets or other
articles from the furnace, and while the coating is still in a semi-fluid state,
(should it be considered necessary,) I may, by means of a brush or other suit-

page_text: able arrangement, acting upon the surface of the metal, so as to level and more
evenly distribute the coating, as well as to cleanse the surface from any particle
of coal or dust that may have collected on it whilst passing through the furnace.
When a copper alloy or brass surface is required, I proceed in a similar
manner, only substituting the granulated particles of the alloy required in
place of the pure copper, care being taken not to overheat the sheets during
the process, as the spelter (with which the copper may be alloyed) has a
tendency to volatize when subjected to too great a heat, and thereby to fly off
and leave the coating of an uneven nature and colour. This description of the
means which I adopt in coating sheets also applies in the main to the treating
of tubes, bolts, or other articles that it may be desirable to coat; and I would
further observe that in treating sheets of iron, they may be coated on one or
both sides, as may be desired, and when coated they may be reduced by rolling
to any required thickness, and a more even, perfect, and planished surface
will be thereby obtained; and also bars may be heated and drawn out and
bent or beat to any desired form without materially affecting or destroying the
coating.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that
I do not confine myself to the exact process herein described; but what I
do claim as my Invention is, the coating or covering of iron in sheets, bars,
or any other form with copper or copper alloys, by applying the granulated
copper or copper alloy with suitable flux and fusing it by heat, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Tytherleigh, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
WILLIAM TYTHERLEIGH. (L.S.)
Signed by the said William Tytherleigh,
in the presence of
J. S. COCKINGS, Patent Agent,
Birmingham.