Improvements in and connected with Steel-making and other Water-gas Furnaces.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 20th June., 1890-Accepted, 23rd Aug., 1890
Improvements in and connected with Steel-making and other
Water-gas Furnaces.
WILLIAM DEIGHTON, of Spring Grove, Hunslet, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Improvements in and connected with Steel Making and other " Water Gas"
Furnaces.
The objects of my said invention are twofold.
First. To simplify and otherwise improve the construction and arrangement of
steel making and other furnaces using
water gas
as fuel, and of apparatus
connected therewith.
"
Second. The elimination of non metalic substances from the molten metallic bath
in the form of vapour or gases by the use of water gas and for further treatment
of the same.
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Although the improvements herein set forth are applicable to several classes of
furnaces, a description of the manner in which they may be carried out in an open
hearth furnace for the production of acid or *basic steel will suffice.
For this purpose the body of the furnace may be of any desired form, the furnace
may be stationary, oscillating, rotating or otherwise, with or without arrangements
for applying atmosphericblast to oxidise thebath, the special feature in my improved
furnace is the dispensing with all or any of the usual arrangements of air and gas
regenerators "and of the apparatus and appliancesfor reversing the current or flow
of the air and gas. In constructing my improved furnace I prefer to use the usual
rectangular form of furnace, but without the usual air & gas regenerators and
reversing apparatus and appliances. At one end of the furnace and through a
properly constructed combustion chamber, I admit
water gas "under any desired
pressure, I also admit air (heated by preference) at a pressure about equal to the
pressure at which the water gas is admitted into the combustion chamber, (the
air may be admitted by natural draft if desired). At the opposite end of the furnace
to which the water gas and air enter, a suitable opening or flue is formed for
taking off the products of combustion, the waste gases on leaving this flue may pass
to a chimney or may pass through a second melting furnace, or air heating, steam
generating or steam superheating arrangements, of any desired form or the whole of
them, before passing to the chimney.
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In applying water gas
to the various forms of oscillating or rotating "open
hearth furnaces(with arrangementsfor applying atmosphericblast for oxidising the
Bolten bath)but without the air and gas regenerators" or the reversing apparatus
and appliances for the same, I prefer to use the circular form of oscillating furnace
described by me in the patent granted to me and No. 13,275 November 3, 1885. In
carrying out the second part of my invention as previously set forth, prefer to use
"water gas" to the open hearth furnace (as above described & arranged) (lined with
'dolamite," "magnetite," "chrome ore," "flourspar," or other "basic" material, making
steel or ingot metal, from metals or ores containing phosphorus) to eliminate the phos-
phorus contained in the molten bath in its elementary state or as a compound with other
elements in the form of vapour or gas, the vapourised or gaseous constituents which
pass out of the furnace exit flue along with other products of combustion, may by
preference be passed through the above named second melting chamber, air, steam,
and super-heating arrangements to the condenser. From the condenser the phos-
phorus may be obtainedas phosphoric acid, phosphate of lime, or in anydesired form,
arising from the nature of the basic material used in the furnace lining, and the
nature of the solution used at the condenser.

page_text: 6.
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I wish it to be understood that I do not claim the use of water gas to open
hearth furnaces, having "air" or gas regenerators and reversing apparatus and
appliances, but to "open hearth" or other funiaces without "air" or gas regenerators.
and without apparatus for reversing the current or flow of the air or gases, and to
oscillating and rotating furnaces as described, and for eliminating all or any of
the non metallic substances from the bath in the form of vapour and condensing same.
Dated this 23rd day of August, 1889.
Improvements in and connected with Steel-making and other
Water-gas Furnaces.
WILLIAM DEIGHTON, of Spring Grove, Hunslet, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The object of my invention is twofold.
To sinplify and otherwise.improve the construction and arrangement of steel
making and other furnaces, using water gas as fuel and of apparatus connectedl
therewith.
Secondly. The elimination of non metalic substances from the molten metalic
bath in the form of vapour or gases by the use of water gas or a mixture of water
gas and other gases, and for further treatment of the same.
Although the improvements herein sei forth are applicable to several clases of
furnaces à description of the manner in which they may be carried out in an open
hearth furnace for the production of basic or acid steel will suffice.
For this purpose the body of the furnace may be of any desired form, the furnace
may be stationary, rotating, oscillating or otherwise, with or without arrangements for
applying atmospheric blast for oxidising the bath.
A special feature of my improved furnace is the dispensing with all or any of the
usual arrangements of air and gas regenerators and of reversing apparatus and
appliances for reversing the current or flow of air and gas in or through the
furnace.
In constructing my improved furnace I prefer to usethe usualrectangular form of
furnace, but without the usual air or gas regenerators and reversing apparatus and
appliances. At one end of the furnace and through a properley constructed combustion
chamber I admit water gas or a mixture of water gas and other gases under any
desired presure.
I also admit air (by preference heated) at a presure about equal
to the presure at which the water gas or a mixture of water gas and other gases
are admitted into the combustion or mixing chamber. The air may be admitted under
natural draft if desired. At the opposite end of the furnace to which the water gas
or a mixture of water gas and other gases and air enter, a suitable opening or flue is
formed for taking off the products of combustion. The waste gases on leaving the
furnace flue may pass to a chimney, or may pass through a second melting furnace,
or air heating steam generating or steam superheating arrangements of any desired
form, or the whole of them before passing to the chimney.
In applying water gas or a mixture of water gas and other gases to the various
forms of oscillating or rotating open hearth furnaces (with or without arrangements
for applying atmospheric blast for oxidising the molten bath) but without the usual
gas and air regenerators or the reversing apparatus or appliances for the same.
prefer to use the circular form of oscillating furnace described in the patent granted
to me and numbered 13275--1885.
I
Secondly. In carrying out the second part of my invention as previously set forth
I prefer to use water gas or a mixture of water gas and other gases in the open hearth
furnace, as above described and arranged (the furnace may be lined with dolamite,

page_text: magnetite, chrome-ore fluor spar or other. basic material in making steel or ingot
metal from metal and ores containing phosphorus) to eliminate the phosphorus
contained in the molten bath in its elementary state or as a compound with other
elements in the form of vapour or gases the vapourised or gaseous constituents which
pass out of the furnace flue along with the other products of combustion, may by
preference be passed through the above named second melting chamber air steam or
superheating arrangements to the condenser or chimney as desired from the condenser
the phosphorus may be obtained as phosphoric acid phosphate of lime or in any
desired form arising from the nature of the basic material used in the furnace and
furnace lining and the nature of the solution used in the condenser.
The nature of my invention will be better understood on reference to the accom-
panying 2 sheets of drawings in which
Fig. 1 sheet 1 is a longitudinal section through C. D. of Fig. 2, shewing one form
of my improved furnace. Fig. 2 sheet 1 is a sectional plan of same through the
line A, B Fig. 1.
Figs. 3 & 4 sheet 2 shew in sectional elevation & plan my improved furnace with a
modification in the arrangement of the flues.
The same letters in Figs. 1 & 2 sheet 1, refer to like parts, and the same letters
Figs. 3&4 sheet 2 refer to like parts.
a, shew the section of the various parts of refractory material such as roof walls
hearths &c. is the bath of molten meta! in furnace 1 Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4.
bis the bath of metal in furnace 2 Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. c Fig. 1 & c
Fig. are the air heating chambers which may be wholly or partially filled with
chequered brick work or recuperative air pipes and through which the waste gases
pass to where required the air chambers may be placed under, over at the side or in
any other suitable position d, Fig. 1 and d Fig. 3, are the chequered bricks or
recuperative air pipes amongst or through which may pass the air or blast to the
combustion chamber e Fig. 1 & Fig. 3 is the combustion chamber in which the
air & gases may mix, the position & arrangements of which may be varied
f Figs. & 2 is the boiler through which the waste gases may pass to the condenser
or chimney.
g Fig. 2, & g¹ Fig. 4, are the runners in which the molten metal may flow from
furnace 2 to furnace 1 Figs. 2 & 4.
Fig. 1 & Fig. 3 are the tapping holes & may be placed in any suitable
position.
Figs. 1 & 2 & Figs. 3 & 4 are openings through which the molten metal enters
furnace from furnace 2 & which may be placed in any suitable part of the
furnace.
Figs. 1&2&Figs. 3 & 4 are the air passages from recuperative or chequered
brick chambers to combustion chamber or furnace 1. The air passages may be taken
in any other suitable direction to combustion chamber & may be formed of pipes
culvert or otherwise. Fig. 1 & Fig. 3 are gas passages through which the water
gas or a mixture of water gas & other gases may be conveyed to tuyeres or other
openings communicating with combustion chamber or furnace, the gas may be
controlled by suitable valves.
m Fig. 1 &m' Fig. 3, are air pipes by which the air may enter the heating
arrangements as shewn in chamber Fig. 1 & c¹ Fig. 3 and may be controlled by
suitable valves.
72.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 are auxiliary air pipes or may be air & gas pipes arranged
with suitable openings or tuyeres in the roof at any point where the same may mix
with the waste gases passing from furnace 1 to furnace 2. o, Figs. 1 & 2 & o¹
Figs. 3 & 4 are the passages conveying the waste gases to boiler condenser chimney
or where else required.
p Figs. 1 & 2 p' Figs. 3 & 4 are openings into furnaces for charging material or
other purposes.
Fig. 1 & 2 & s Fig. 3 & 4 are dampers to regulate the quantity & direction of
waste gases as required.

page_text: t Figs. 1 & 2 & Figs. 3 & 4 are valves in air pipes & Figs. 1 & 2 &
to regulate the quantity & direction of air as required. Fig. 1 &
waste gas flues.
Figs. 3 & 4
Fig. 3 are
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare what I claim is:-
First. The application of water gas or mixed water gas and other gases in steel
making & other gas fired furnaces in which the flow or current of gases & air is
always in one direction through the furnaces as described and illustrated in
Figures 1 to 4.
Secondly. In a water gas or mixed gas or other gas fired furnace in which the
flow or current of gases and air is always in one direction through the furnace, the
use of a second bath or furnace in which the waste gases from the first bath or
furnace reduce the metal to such a state of liquidity that it will freely flow into the
first furnace to be finished and allow the second furnace to be again charged with
metal as described.
Third. In a water gas or mixed gas or other gas fired furnace in which the
flow or current of gases and air is always in one direction through the furnace, the
admission of an extra jet of air or air and gases at any desired point between
the first and second furnaces or baths as described and illustrated in Figures 1
and 3.
Fourth. In a water gas or mixed gas or other gas fired furnace in which the flow
or current of gases and air is always in one direction through the furnace, the
elemination of non metallic substances from the molten metallic bath in the form of
vapour or gases and condensing the same as above described.
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