Crushing Machine.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1897-Accepted, 9th Oct., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Crushing Machine.
We, THOMAS LEGGETT STURTEVANT, Lawyer, residing on Adam Street, in the
Town of Quincy, County of Norfolk, State of Massachusetts, one of the United
States of America, and THOMAS JOSEPH STURTEVANT, Mechanical Engineer,
residing on Winthrop Street, in the Town of Framingham, County of Middlesex,
State of Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a machine or apparatus for crushing rocks, ores,
phosphates or similar materials, and has for its object to provide a machine which
will embody the features of a jaw crusher together with the advantages of a
pulverizer or roller crusher employing a pair of rolls for fine work. The machine
is thus adapted to have coarse broken material fed to it and to reduce the same to
a finely crushed product, thereby combining in one machine the advantages of a
breaker and pulverizer.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a
crushing machine embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same.
Fig. 3 is a front view and Fig. 4 a sectional view of the part forming the stationary
jaw of the crusher.
In the machine herein shown 2 denotes a suitable frame or casing adapted to
support the operative parts of the machine, said casing, as herein shown, having
end abutments 21, 23, which are joined by longitudinal tie rods 3, 3, to oppose
the thrust of the operating crushing jaws. These jaws preferably consist of a
fixed jaw 4 and a movable or active jaw 5. The fixed jaw is preferably a steel
casting the upper part of the face of which may be corrugated or serrated at 6,
while the lower portion thereof is preferably a smooth concave surface 7. This
fixed jaw is adjustable relative to the movable jaw, to compensate for wear, or
to vary the fineness of the crushed product, by means of the shims 8 placed
behind it, and any desired number of which may be employed; or it may be
rendered adjustable by any other suitable construction. The concave portion 7
is preferably an arc of a circle the center of which is at the center of the pivot or
axle bolt 9 on which the toggle-lever 10 is supported in the end abutment 23
of the frame of the machine. This toggle-lever has its free end joined with an
eccentric 11 upon the main shaft 13 by means of the connection 12. The active
jaw 5 consists of a Ụ-shaped casting having a jaw surface which is preferably
corrugated or serrated at its upper portion 61 while its lower portion is made
convex and is preferably an arc of a circle the center of which is at the center
of the pivot bolt 14 by which the rearwardly extending wings or side portions 18
of the said movable jaw are pivoted to the toggle-lever 10. Thus it will be seen
that the said movable jaw 5 in connection with the rear portion of the toggle-
lever forms a toggle; while by joining the forward portion of said toggle-lever
with the operating crank or eccentric on the shaft 13 the power or purchase of
the crushing jaw is greatly increased over what would result from an ordinary

page_text: toggle. The forward portion of the movable jaw 5 is guided and supported by
links 15 which are jointed at 16 to the abutment 21 and at 16 to the movable
jaw 5.
In order to retain the material between the faces of the jaws and prevent end-
wise escape of the same, side plates 17 are affixed to the abutment 21 as shown
more clearly in Fig. 2. In the operation of the machine the toggle-lever 10
is preferably thrust upward in opposition to the stress of a spring 19 surrounding
a rod pivoted to a depending lug on the said lever. This spring is not absolutely
necessary, but is provided for the purpose of preventing pounding when the
crusher is run fast. Hence when the connecting rod 12 lifts the free end of the
toggle-lever for an active stroke the spring serves to assist in returning the parts
to their first positions, and while gravity might produce the return movements
the spring is desirable, for the reasons just stated.
In the operation of this improved crusher the lower portion of the crushing
jaws, constructed as above described, operate by a simple roller action; that is
to say, the convex surface of the movable jaw has simply a rolling action adjacent
to but not in contact with the concave surface of the fixed jaw, but said movable
jaw merely rocks a predetermined distance from said fixed jaw, this distance being
governed by the adjustment of one jaw relative to the other. When the machine
is in operation the rear portion of the movable jaw, at its pivotal connection,
at 14, with the toggle-lever 10, moves up and down, causing the forward or
crushing portion of said jaw, supported by the links 15, to rock, as stated, so
that the said jaws may be said to close and open slightly alternately at top and
bottom. Thus it will be seen that the crushing and pulverizing action of the lower
parts of the jaws results from what may be termed a roller movement, the upper
portions of the jaws acting as ordinary crushing jaws and the lower portion
thereof acting to granulate, pulverize or further reduce the crushed material
by means of roller action. The machine is therefore adapted to have coarse
broken material fed to the upper portions of the jaws, and as this material is
gradually reduced by the crushing action of said upper portions and falls down
between the lower or pulverizing portions of the jaws it is reduced to any desired
degree of fineness which may result from any desired adjustment of the jaws;
it being understood that during the operation of the machine the working surfaces
of the jaws are merely adjacent to each other, but are never in actual contact,
so that while the material may, if desired, be pulverized, it may also be simply
crushed to any desired degree of fineness. In practice the jaw will preferably
be surmounted by a hopper to receive a quantity of the coarse material.
In the construction of this machine the stationary jaw is preferably of the
form shown in Figs. 3 and 4, that is, the active, serrated or corrugated crushing
surface of the jaw increases in area from the point of feed to the point of dis-
charge. Thus, when the material is first entered beween the jaws it is in large
masses and occupies less space than it does as it becomes more fully crushed,
and as the jaws approach each other more closely the crushing surface is pre-
ferably increased in area as more clearly shown in Fig. 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
1. In a crushing machine, the combination with a movable and a fixed jaw
having diverging toothed or roughened upper portions to form a hopper to receive
coarse material, and adjacent lower portions, the lower portion of said fixed jaw
being formed concave and the lower portion of said movable jaw being formed
convex, and operating mechanism for the said movable jaw to cause the convex
portion thereof to have a rolling action relative to the concave portion of said
fixed jaw.
2. A crusher comprising the combination with a fixed jaw, of an active rocker-
jaw, a toggle-lever, and means for operating said lever, a portion of the face of

page_text: the said fixed jaw being formed concave in the arc of a circle of which the
fulcrum of the said toggle-lever is the center.
3. In a crushing machine, the combination with a movable and a fixed jaw,
which jaws have diverging toothed or roughened upper portions to form a hopper
to receive the coarse material, and adjacent lower portions, the lower portion of
one jaw being formed concave and the lower portion of the other of said jaws
being formed convex, and operating mechanism for the said movable
jaw, said operating mechanism comprising a toggle-lever to the middle
portion of which the said movable jaw is pivoted, and an operating device
connected with the forward or free end of said lever between the point of con-
nection of said movable jaw with said lever and the crushing face or active
portion of said jaw.
4. In a crushing machine, the combination with fixed and movable jaws, said
fixed jaw having the lower portion of its face concave and said movable jaw having
the lower portion of its face convex, combined with a toggle-lever for operating
said movable jaw, the fulcrum of said lever being the center of a circle of which
the concave surface of said fixed jaw is an arc, and the pivotal connection of said
lever with said movable jaw being the center of a circle of which the convex
surface of said movable jaw is an arc.
5. In a crushing machine, the combination with a movable and a fixed jaw
having diverging toothed or roughened upper portions, to form a hopper to
receive coarse material, and adjacent lower portions, the lower portion of said
fixed jaw being formed concave in the arc of a circle of a given radius and the
lower portion of said movable jaw being formed convex in the arc of a circle
of a smaller radius than the circle to which the concave part of said fixed jaw
corresponds, a toggle-lever pivotally connected between its ends to an arm or rear-
ward extension of said movable jaw, and an operating device connected with the
free end of said toggle lever to cause the convex portion of said movable jaw to
have a rolling movement relative to the concave portion of said fixed jaw.
6. In a crushing machine, the combination with a fixed jaw having a portion
of its crushing surface concave, of a movable jaw having a portion of its crushing
surface convex, a toggle-lever connected with said movable jaw, guide-links
securing said movable jaw to the frame-work of the machine, and an operating
mechanism for said toggle-lever, said lever and links forcing said movable jaw
to move in a predetermined manner relative to said fixed jaw, the fixed pivotal
connection of said toggle-lever being the center of the circle from which the are
of the concave surface of said fixed jaw is struck.
7. In a crushing machine, the combination with a fixed jaw and a movable
jaw, of a toggle-lever to which said movable jaw is pivoted between the fulcrum
of said lever and the working face of said movable jaw, and an operating device
connected to said toggle-lever between the pivotal connection of the latter with
the said movable jaw and the working face of the said movable jaw.
8. In a crushing machine, the combination with a fixed jaw and a movable
jaw, of a toggle-lever to which said movable jaw is pivoted between the fulcrum
of said lever and the working face of said movable jaw, an operating device con-
nected to said toggle-lever between the pivotal connection of the latter with the
said movable jaw and the working face of the said movable jaw, and guide links
joining the forward part of said movable jaw with the frame-work of the machine
and thereby serving to support and guide the forward end of said jaw.
9. In a crushing machine, the combination with a fixed jaw and a movable
jaw, of a toggle-lever to which said movable jaw is pivoted between the fulcrum
of said lever and the working face of said movable jaw, an operating device con-
nected with the free end of said toggle-lever and guide-links joining the said
movable jaw with the frame-work of the machine, and thereby serving to support
and guide said jaw.
10. In a crushing machine the combination with the fixed jaw and a movable
jaw, of a toggle-lever to the central portion of which the said movable jaw is

page_text: pivotally connected, and to the free end of which the operating device for said
lever is joined, and a spring for assisting in the downward or return movements
of the said toggle-lever.
11. In a crushing machine, the combination with the frame or base-plate 2,
having the end portions or abutments 21, 23, of the tie rods 3, 3, joining the said
end portions or abutments, the fixed jaw supported upon the end portion or
abutment 21, the toggle-lever 10 pivoted to said end portion or abutment 23, the
movable jaw 5 pivotally connected with the said toggle lever between the ends
of the latter, and an operating device for said toggle-lever joined to the forward
or free end thereof.
12. The combination with the base-plate or frame 2 having the end portions
or abutments 21, 23, the former being provided with the side plates 17, of the
fixed and movable jaws between the said side plates and means for operating said
movable jaw, said operating means consisting of the toggle-lever 10, to the
central portion of which said movable jaw is jointed, and an operating device for
said toggle-lever joined to the forward or free end thereof.
Dated this 23rd day of August 1897.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agents.
62 Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents for the Applicants.