IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR GENERATING STEAM AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand: Jossa, of Bishop Auckland, in the County
of Durham, Chemist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
FOR GENERATING STEAM AND OTHER PURPOSES "
Sealed the 10th June 1859, and dated the 14th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinand Jossa at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th December 1858.
I, FERDINAND JOSSA, of Bishop Auckland, in the County of Durham,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES FOR GENERATING STEAM AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improvements in furnaces consists in so constructing them
that the fire burns in a direction contrary to ordinary furnaces, that is to say,
instead of burning from the bottom upwards, it burns from the bottom down-
wards; it thus consumes the smoke, and the stoker has simply to keep coals
heaped on, so as to keep the upper part of the fire black.
For the purposes of steam boilers, I make a short trunk extend forward
from the fore part of the boiler below the water level, and to this short trunk
I connect a cross chamber of a length somewhat exceeding the breadth of the
fire, and of. a considerable diameter; from this cross chamber I extend the
г.)

page_text: bars, by preference in a direction inclining a little downwards; these I form
tubular to contain and receive water from the cross chamber in connection
with the boiler, which prevents clinkers adhering to the bars. The fire-place
is arched over these bars, the abutment thereof at the back springing from the
cross chamber, and effectually cutting off all communication with the flues
from above the bars. These flues are made so that the heat and flame passing
downwards through the bars, takes effect immediately under the boiler and in
the flues around it, as usual. Some portion of the fire may be in contact with
the cross chambers, around the lower part of which the flame sweeps in its
passage. The fire-bars have each plugs or cocks to blow out any sediment,
which also, in a great degree, cleans out the boiler. The ash-pit is closed,
but the fire-place may be quite open in front. Other arrangements for
admitting water to the bars may be adopted.
This arrangement of furnaces is also applicable for puddling and other
furnaces, and may be arranged in connection with a steam generator or
otherwise. The draught can be regulated by means of a door placed on the
fire-place.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ferdinand Jossa in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th June 1859.
TO: ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FERDINAND
JOSSA, of Bishop Auckland, in the County of Durham, Chemist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Ferdinand. Jossa, Her special licence that I, the said Ferdinand
Jossa, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Ferdinand Jossa, my, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times.
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS, IN FURNACES FOR GENERATING STEAM AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ferdinand Jossa, my executors or

page_text: administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ferdinand Jossa, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of improvements in furnaces consists in so constructing them
that the fire burns in a direction contrary to ordinary furnaces, that is to say,
instead of burning from the bottom upwards, it burns with the heat and flame
passing downwards; it thus consumes the smoke, and the stoker has simply
to keep coals heaped on to keep the upper part of the fire black.
For the purposes of steam boilers, I make a short trunk extend downwards
or in other direction from the fore part of the boiler below the water level,
and to this short trunk I connect a cross chamber of a length somewhat
exceeding the breadth of the fire, and of considerable diameter; or the short
trunk may be omitted, and the chamber in close connection with the boiler,
From this cross chamber I extend the bars, by preference in a direction
inclining a little downwards; these I form tubular to contain and receive water
from the cross chamber in connection with the boiler, which prevents clinkers
adhering to the bars. The fire-place is arched over these bars, the abutment
thereof at the back springing from the cross chamber, and effectually cutting
off all communication with the flues from above the bars. The flues are made
so that the heat and flame passing down through the bars takes effect
immediately under the boiler and the flues around it, as usual. Some
portion of the fire may be in contact with the cross chamber, around the lower
part of which the flame sweeps in its passage. The fire-bars have each plugs
or stop-cocks to blow out any sediment, which also, in a great degree, cleans
out the boiler; or they may be all in connection with a chamber in front, with
one blow-off cock. The ash-pit is closed, but the fire-place may be quite open
in front. Other arrangements for admitting water to the bars may be
dopted.
This arrangement of furnace is. also applicable for puddling and other
purposes, and may be arranged in connection with a steam generator or
otherwise. The draught can be regulated by means of a door placed on, the
ire-place.

page_text: Fig. 1 represents a front view of a steam boiler, set in brickwork, and having
the furnace arranged according to my Invention; Fig. 2 is a central longi-
tudinal vertical section of the fire-place or furnace, with part of boiler, and of
as much of the brick setting as is necessary to illustrate the Invention; Fig. 3
is a transverse section on the line a, b; and Fig. 4 is a similar section on the
line c, d; while Figs. 5, 6, and 7 show some of the details.
e is the body of the boiler, to which I attach a short trunk f, and connect
thereto a cylindrical or other formed chamber g, constituting a water space in
open communication with the boiler; this chamber g, as will be seen in
Figs. 1, 3, & 4, extends across the breadth of the furnace, and is firmly set in
the brickwork, or it may be otherwise supported in position. From this cross
chamber are extended a number of tubes h, h, constituting the furnace bars,
and into which the water of the boiler enters; the tubes h rest at the front end
on the dead plate i, and the brickwork or other support k is an arch thrown
over and constituting the upper part of the fire-place, resting and abutting on
the brickwork at either side, and on the chamber g at the back, so as to
perfectly enclose the whole of the upper part of the fire-place; thus no passage
between the fire-place and the flues exists except down through the tube
fire-bars h, h, as marked by the arrow. The ash-pit is enclosed by doors to
prevent the admission of air; the fire-place may, however, be without doors,
but if applied, they may be used for modifying the draught by regulating the
admission of air to the fire-place, or may have a number of holes made in
them for the admission of air. The arrangement of the flues and other parts
of the brick setting being well understood will not require any description.
The fire being lighted on the bars h, h, coals are heaped on it to nearly fill the
arch fire-place k, the draught from the furnace so arranged is down through
between the bars h, h, which direction the heat & flame takes, and sweeping
under the chamber g, passes thence to the flues, which it traverses in the usual
manner; thus the fire burns continually downwards, and the stoker has simply
to heap coals on the top of the fire as they subside by consumption from below,
which fire may therefore appear black on the top, although burning with great
fierceness from below. By this means the fresh coals are at all times kept on
the top, and the incandescent fire below, whereby the smoke and gases
generated from the fresh coals are constrained to pass down through the
incandescent mass below, the entire combustible part being thereby consumed,
thus effecting great saving in fuel, and preventing the nuisance of smoke,
besides which the furnace requires much less attention and stoking. The

page_text: several parts added to the capacity of the boiler are of course of adequate
strength; the tubes are represented full size in the longitudinal section, Fig. 5
showing the front end, Fig. 6 being a front view of the same, while Fig. 7
shows the end, with the cover removed. This cover, it will be observed, is a
conical valve-like piece, fitting in a similar seating in the end of the tube,
and held therein by a movable cross bridge piece o and screw p, by which
arrangement the cover m can readily be removed for cleaning out or other
purpose. If desirable, the feed water may be introduced at the front ends of
these tubes by connecting them with a feed chamber, or they may be placed in
communication with each other to afford greater facilities for circulation. By
keeping the bars h filled with water, clinkers or slag are prevented adhering
thereto, which with solid bars might take place, and so stop the draught to a
considerable extent. Instead of the trunk f depending from the bottom, it
may project out in front, or be in any other position below the water level of
the boiler. The illustration given in the Drawings of the application of my
Invention to a plain cylinder boiler will be sufficient to indicate the manner
of adaptation of the same to other kinds of steam boilers, or other purposes
requiring furnace heat.
Having described the nature of my Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention, to be protected.
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the arrangement and
construction of furnaces, as herein-before described, wherein the products of
combustion pass downwards and through the incandescent part of the fire, as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Jossa, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
FERDINAND JOSSA. (L.S.)