and Cereals and Materials, for the Purpose of Drying, Cooling, Oxidising, or otherwise Treating.
Year: 1884

page_text: and Cereals and Materials, for the Purpose of Drying,
Cooling, Oxidising, or otherwise Treating.
We, WILLIAM HOPE, of Dale End, Cavendish Park Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester, Gentleman, and GEORGE FREDERICK DEACON, of 4 Cavendish Road,
Birkenhead in the County of Chester, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of
the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR TURNING OVER
AND EXPOSING GRAIN, SALT, DRUGS, CEMENT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AND CEREALS
AND MATERIALS FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRYING, COOLING, OXIDISING, OR. OTHER-
WISE TREATING to be as follows:-
"
The object of our Invention is to provide a simple means of "turning over
granular and other materials, for the purpose of drying, cooling, oxidising, or
otherwise treating them, by mechanical appliances as hereinafter described, whereby
labour is greatly reduced.
Our Invention consists in distributing a thin layer of any material upon boards,
or plates, capable of being tipped, shaken, tumbled, or equivalently operated and
exposed to the action of air, or gases. When such material has been a certain
length of time, exposed to the action of air, or gases for the treatment to which the
inaterial is subjected, it is tipped, or shaken from the boards, or plates onto a
second set of boards, or plates and there exposed and subjected to a second action
of air or gases. This treatment and operation can be. repeated any number of
times by multiplying the number of times of "turning.over" and exposing. that
may be required for the different kinds of material to be treated and also for the
different treatments of different materials.
An apparatus according to our Invention consists of several floors, which are
placed one above the other and arranged and worked as follows: the space
between each floor being rather more than is necessary to contain the required
thickness of the material and to provide room for air, or gas for acting upon the
inaterial. The air, or gas may be applied either by artificial, or natural means
and which air, or gas may be heated, dried, or cooled. The floors according to our.
Invention consist of boards, or plates which are so constructed that by the tipping,
n

page_text: or revolution, or shaking of one, or more of the boards, or plates (which compose
the floor) at a time, the material supported on any floor, or passed through, may be
piece meal, or simultaneously deposited upon the floor below, and having remained
for a certain time on that floor, it may be similarly tipped, or shaken therefrom
onto the next lower floor and so on through any number of floors. The floor
boards, or plates may be made with their edges to lap over each other with spaces
between to allow for the ingress of air, or gas, or the boards are otherwise arranged
so as to provide spaces for the passage of air, or gas between them as well as over
the surfaces of the material. The boards are turned, tipped, or shaken individually
by hand, or they are so pivotted and connected by levers, drawbars, or their
mechanical equivalents that a number may be turned, or shaken at once by a draw
bar, or by any other suitable mechanical means.
,
"
A warehouse fitted and provided with apparatus according to our Invention,
may be divided into bins on each floor, each bin having its secondary sets of
tipping, or vibrating floors as before described and capable of manipulation from
the exterior of the bin. Thus the material to be treated may be kept in separate
lots" and what is sometimes a great desideratum, dust will be confined within
the bins. The top floor may be supplied with the material to be treated, either by
hand, or by mechanical arrangements for spreading and the whole may be
discharged onto and taken out from below the lowest floor, or collected in a hopper
and shot into sacks, or otherwise treated as may be required.
It is obvious that by working and turning over materials according to our
Invention, much greater exposure to the air, or gases may be secured with much
less labour and in much. less time than is possible by any of the usual methods at
present employed.

page_text: Exposing Grain, Salt, Drugs, Cement, and other Substances
and Cereals and Materials, for the Purpose of Drying,
Cooling, Oxidising, or otherwise Treating.
We, WILLIAM HOPE, of Dale End, Cavendish Park Birkenhead in the County
of Chester, Gentleman, and GEORGE FREDERICK DEACON, of 4, Cavendish Road,
Birkenhead in the County of Chester, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of
the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR TURNING OVER
AND EXPOSING GRAIN, SALT, DRUGS, CEMENT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AND
CEREALS AND MATERIALS FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRYING, COOLING OXIDISING OR
OTHERWISE TREATING and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of our Invention is to provide a simple means of "turning over"
granular and other materials, for the purpose of drying, cooling, oxidising, or
otherwise treating them, by mechanical appliances as hercinafter described whereby
labour is greatly reduced.
Our Invention consists in distributing a thin layer of any material upon boards,
or plates, capable of being tipped, shaken, tumbled, or equivalently operated and
exposed to the action of air, or gases. When such material has for a certain length
of time been exposed to the action of air, or gases for the treatment to which the
material is subjected, it is tipped, or shaken from the boards, or plates onto a
second set of boards, or plates and there exposed and subjected to a second action
of air, or gases. This treatment and operation can be repeated any number of
times by multiplying the number of times of "turning over" and exposing that
may be required for the different kinds of material to be treated and also for the
different treatments of different materials.
>
An apparatus according to our Invention consists of several floors, which are
placed one above the other and arranged and worked as follows: the space between
each floor being rather more than is necessary to contain the required thickness of
the material cand to provide room for air, or gas for acting upon the material.
The air, or gas may be applied either by artificial, or natural means and which air,
or gas may be heated, dried, or cooled. The floors according to our Invention
consist of boards, or plates which are so constructed that by the tipping, or
revolution, or shaking of one, or more of the boards, or plates (which compose the
floor) at a time, the materials supported on any floor, or passed through, may be
piece meal or simultaneously deposited upon the floor below and having, remained
for a certain time on that floor, it may be similarly tipped, or shaken therefrom
onto the next lower floor and so on through any number of floors. The floor
boards, or plates inay be made with their edges to lap over each other with spaces
between to allow for the ingress of air, or gas, or the boards are otherwise arranged,
so as to provide spaces for the passage of air, or gas between them, as well as over
the surfaces of the material. The boards are turned, tipped, or shaken individually
by hand, or they are so pivotted and connected by levers, drawbars, or their
mechanical equivalents that a number may be turned, or shaken at.once by a draw
bar, or by any other suitable mechanical means..
A warehouse fitted and provided with apparatus according to our. Invention
may be divided into bins on each floor, each bin having its secondary sets of
tipping, or vibrating floors, as before described and capable of manipulation from

page_text: .
the exterior of the bin. Thus the material to be treated may be kept in separate
"lots" and what is sometimes a great desideratum dust will be confined within the
bins. The top floor may be supplied with the material to be treated, either by
hand, or by mechanical arrangeinents for spreading and the whole may be
discharged onto and taken out from below the lowest floor or collected in a hopper
and shot into sacks, or otherwise treated as may be required.
It is obvious that by working and turning over materials according to our
Invention, much greater exposure to the air, or gases may be secured with much
less labour and in much less time than is possible by any of the usual methods at
present employed.
The beforegoing being a general description of the nature, object and purposes
of our Invention, we will now proceed to set forth the same more clearly by the
aid of the sheet of Drawings hereto annexed and which forms part of this
Specification. The Drawings are marked with figures and letters of referonce
corresponding with those in the following explanation and like letters and figures
are used to denote the same, or corresponding parts throughout the various views
and figures.
A simple form of an apparatus according to our Invention is shown at Figure 1
in sectional elevation.and at Figure 2 in plan, Figures 1ª and. 1B being details.
In this example the whole apparatus may be made of wood and it is designed
to be worked by hand without the aid of connecting links levers, or other gear for
operating the boards. The apparatus can be constructed by any ordinary skilled
mechanic and it can be placed in any existing chamber, or be erected in a bin as
shown.
The apparatus consists of several floors of which six A A¹ A A A+ A are
shown. The floors are placed one above the other and each floor is composed of
a series of boards a which rest on and are supported by notched cross bearers B.
Each of the boards a is provided with cross stiffening pieces a¹, which are notched
at a² as shown at Figure 1, so that the edge of each board overlaps the edge of
the next board, and is at the same time raised therefrom and supported by the
notched ends a² of the cross pieces a¹, which rest on the adjoining board, so that
there may be thus left an air space between each board and its neighbours. The
lower edges of the boards a rest on the notched edges b of the cross bearers B.
The size of the floors and the width of the boards may be as large as the boards
can be conveniently obtained for, subject to the weight of material on each board.
not being too great, to be readily turned, or lifted, or shaken by two men one at
each end. Across one end of each floor there are provided fixed inclined boards c
to direct the material from the first board of each floor onto the floor below. Tho
boards a are lifted, raised, or shaken- in the direction of the dotted lines and the
air, gas, or other agent passes between the boards in the direction of the arrows,
or in the reverse direction. The boards a of each alternate floor are arranged with
the slope reversed as shown at Figure 1 otherwise the material under treatment
has a tendency to work to the side to which the boards slope before it reaches the
.bottom of the bin.
In operation the material to be treated is lightly spread over the highest tier or
floor A and when it has been exposed for a sufficient time, a man stands at each
end of the first board a and raises the board in the direction of the dotted lines,
using the lower part of the notch b as a fulcrum. The material thus falls, or is
shaken from the first board a of the floor A down onto the floor A'. Each board
of the floor A is successively raised and shaken in like manner, each preceeding
board meanwhile standing on edge. This operation is continued until all the
material on the floor A. is shaken down onto the floor A¹ where it remains as long
as it may be desirable to leave it. It is then shaken in like manner from the
floor A' onto the floor A' and so on until it reaches the bottom floor which may be
plain and from which it can be removed.
In this arrangement of apparatus much more labour is involved in working than
when the boards of each floor are connected and worked simultaneously by levers,

page_text: or equivalent apparatus, but it will be readily seen that both the labour, expense
and time required are much less than would be necessary by the ordinary method
of turning over the material. Suppose for example that the material is stored in
bulk, three feet deep in a chamber twelve feet high. Now by placing in that
chamber six floors, or tiers of boards arranged as above described and drying the
material six inches deep, six times the area of the material is exposed to the
atmosphere without allowing for exposure to the air between the boards through
the air spaces. Economy of time and space are for these reasons obvious and it is
equally clear that the few minutes occupied by the two men in turning the several
tiers of boards is unimportant, as compared with the comparatively futile results of
the ordinary process.
In Figure 3 there is shown a simple arrangement of links, draw bar and lever,
each of the boards a being hung by two links d d to fixed pivots d'actuated at
their joints by the horizontal draw bar e which is moved by the levers f so as to
raise, or shake all the boards a of one tier at once as shown at Figures 3 and 3º.
In large establishments where motive power is at hand, levers as shown at
Figure 3, or cams and gearing, or their equivalent may be applied in many simple
and obvious manners to the same end worked in each case by the motive power.
Another method of arranging the boards a is shown in Figure 4.
In this case
the boards do not rest upon each other but are pivotted at their ends at h. In this
case the boards must be made in short lengths to bear the weight of the material
under treatment, or the boards must be supported by intermediate bearings. The
pivots h work in suitable metallic bearings. When a material such as cement is
to be manipulated the boards are all set level with the space of one eighth of an
inch between them and the quantity of material which falls through this space
from tier to tier when the boards are not being worked is unimportant. The
boards may be either turned over by hand, or be connected to an operating gear,
such as that before described in reference to Figure 3.
Any mode of ventilation, or drying oxidising or otherwise treating substances,
cereals and materials at high, or low temperatures may be applied with. much
greater advantage to substances, cereals, or materials exposed in the manner
herein described than to substances, cereals, or materials treated by any of the
present systems.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
First. The method substantially as herein described of turning over and exposing
grain, salt, drugs, cement and other substances and cereals and materials, which
method consists in exposing such cereals, substances and materials in a thin layer,
or layers upon moveable, or tumbling floors, as herein set forth for the purposes
described.
Second. The use for turning over and exposing grain, salt, drugs, cement and
other substances and cereals and materials for the purpose of drying, cooling,
oxydising, or otherwise treating; of boards, or plates arranged as herein set forth
and operating substantially as described and shown in the Drawings hereto
annexed.