Improvements in the Means of Using Baking Powder.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 9th May, 1894-Accepted, 22nd Sept., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Means of Using Baking Powder.
We, WILLIAM GEORGE DUNN of 18 Katharine Street, East Croydon, in the
County of Surrey, Saline Manufacturer, and JOHN ARMOUR BROWN and
JOHN POLSON both of the Firm of Brown & Polson of The Royal Starch Works,
Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Starch Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the means of using baking powder
with corn flour, or other non-nitrogenous flour, for effecting an improved use of
baking powder or other chemical raising agents employed in the raising or aerating
of dough for baking purposes.
A non-nitrogenous flour is a flour which is a pure starch, such as corn flour, sago,
tapioca and arrowroot flours. A nitrogenous flour is a flour which contains gluten
as one of its constituent elements such as wheat, buck wheat, rye, or rice flour.
The gluten is liable to fermentation and decomposition and is easily acted upon by
the chemical agents which are mixed with such nitrogenous flour in the manufacture
of ordinary baking powder.
In the carrying out of our improvements we take any ordinary and well known
chemical raising agent and intimately incorporate it with corn flour or other
non-nitrogenous flour preferably during the manufacture of the flour, in a proportion
of one part of raising agent to five parts of corn flour, approximately.
By thus diluting the raising agent to a much larger extent than is done with
ordinary baking powder, the crystals of the chemicals contained in the raising
agent are kept more apart whereby premature chemical reaction is hindered, and
thus the gas is better conserved for producing its ultimate raising effect in the
process of baking.
By thus diluting the raising agents with corn flour or other non-nitrogenous flour,
the injurious action of the chemicals on the nitrogenous elements of the flour,
generally used in making baking powder, is avoided. The same advantage is
obtained over the other mode in common use of applying the chemicals, namely
that of mixing them with wheaten flour during or after the grinding of the flour,
the action of the chemicals on the nitrogenous elements of the flour, whilst the
chemicals remain in contact with the dry flour during the time it is stored previous
to use, being in this case also injurious.
Corn flour used with wheat flour, especially when milk is added, improves many
kinds of both fancy and plain bread; and the incorporation of the raising agent
with the corn flour, not only makes the combined preparation, whilst it is in the
dry state, keep better but also makes it more easily distributed uniformly through
the dough, thus giving better results.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
The improvements in the means of using baking powder, substantially as herein-
before described.
y of May 1894.
JOHNSONS,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicants' Agents.