CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, IsПAM
BAGGS, of Holford Street, Holford Square, Pentonville, in, the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, in the tenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and assigns, give and grant unto me, the said
Isham Baggs, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Isham Baggs, my exors,
admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Isham Baggs, my exors,
adors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso, that I, the said Isham Baggs, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part

page_text: Figure 1 shows so much of a lamp for producing and burning vapour or
naptha and other similar essential oils; Figure 2 shows a plan thereof;
Figure 3 shows a section and Figure 4 a plan of an apparatus for producing
and igniting vapour of naptha and other similar essential oils contained in the
lamp, Figures 1 and 2. I would here state, that I am aware that it has been
before proposed to obtain artificial light by burning vapour of naptha, and
various attempts have been made to produce lamps which should usefully
employ such means of obtaining artificial light. a, Figures 1 and 2, is a
vessel into which a constant supply is to be kept up under an uniform pressure,
as has heretofore been proposed. 6 is a bent tube passing out of the vessel a,
vapour rushes
and shewn to have at its outer end an outlet through which the
with considerable velocity; and there may be several of such tubes as 6 to the
same vessel a, or this tube b may have branches with orifices similar to that in
the tube b. The vapour as it rushes out from the orifice in the tube b, when
under considerable pressure, will not burn, and some instrument is necessary to
obstruct the flow of vapour, and allow of its being mixed with atmospheric air.
c is a frame, which is capable of being adjusted in height in respect to the
orifice in the tube b, and this power of adjustment of the distance between an
obstructing instrument and the orifice where the vapour flows from constitutes
one peculiarity of this apparatus. The obstructing apparatus c placed over the
rush of vapour consists of a series of small bars; but other open or reticulate
apparatus might be used, so long as there is a power of raising and lowering
so as from time to time to adjust it in respect to the circumstances under
which the burning may for the time being be subjected. d is a rack, and e,

page_text: a pinion, by which the frame c is adjusted correctly from time to time, or other
means of movement of the apparatus c may be employed, so as it may be
adjusted from time to time as circumstances may require. The supply of
naptha is kept up by the pipe f, from any suitable vessel placed sufficiently
high, or otherwise arranged for obtaining the requisite pressure as heretofore;
and I have found that a pressure equal to that of a column of coal tar naptha
eighteen inches high answers the purpose very well. 9 is a three-way cock,
which, by turning in one direction, will stop off the supply, and allow the
vessel a to be emptied, and in the other direction will open the supply to the
vessel a.
In order to produce and ignite vapour of naptha or other suitable
essential oil in this lamp, I employ the apparatus Figures 3 and 4. I place
pyroligneous ether, spirits of wine, or other suitable liquid into the compartment
g of the apparatus, which I am enabled to do by withdrawing the handle h,
the socket of the handle opening into the compartment g. Into the interior
i of the apparatus I place a small quantity of spirit, and into the small vessel j
I also put spirit with metal filings or other substance capable of acting to
contain the same between its particles, and prevent spilling. And I ignite the
spirit in the compartment i and in the vessel j, the consequence of which will
be that vapour will be generated in the compartiment g, and flow with force out
of the tube k, through the opening 1, where, coming against the flame rising
from the vessel j, the flame will be bent outwards; and by means of the
handle h I hold the apparatus in such a position that the flame from j will
strike against the upper part of the vessel a, and so soon as a rush of vapor
comes from 6 up through the apparatus c it will be lighted by the flame from j,
after which the lamp will generate its own vapour by the heat communicated
from its own flame acting on the vessel a. And I would here state, that
although the form of this apparatus as shewn at Figures 3 and 4 I have found
to answer the purpose very well, I do not confine myself thereto, as the same
may be varied, so long as the blow pipe principle be retained.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the details shewn, so long as the peculiar character of my
Invention be retained. But what I claim is,-
First, the so arranging and applying apparatus c in respect to the outlet of
the vapour that the same may be adjusted from time to time, as circum-
stances may require.
Secondly, I claim the application of a three-way cock, as described. And,
Thirdly I claim apparatus such as described for producing and igniting the

page_text: vapour of a lamp burning the vapour of naptha or other like liquid, as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isham Bagg, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.