IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, DRAINS, PIPES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Effertz, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, DRAINS, PIPES, AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 2nd June 1863, and dated the 9th December 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Effertz at the
Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1862.
I, PETER EFFERTZ, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, DRAIN PIPES,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention, which is a further improvement on a Patent
granted to me, dated the Fifth day of September 1861, Number 2211, consists
of using three or more rollers for mixing the clay or plastic material; when

page_text: three only are used, I place two of them in a horizontal line, and the third in a
vertical line under one of the others. I name the two placed horizontally
numbers 1 and 2, and the bottom one number 3. I drive the said rollers at
different speeds, number 2 having the slowest, and number 3 the greatest
speed, the variations of which may be obtained by making the rollers of
different diameters, or by giving each of them a different number of revolutions
per minute, or by both means combined. I also leave a greater space between
the rollers one and two than between one and three, and also cause the rollers
to revolve in opposite directions. The said rollers run in bearings fixed on
framework and between two side plates forming a channel provided with
scrapers or doctors to clear the adhering clay from the rollers; the clay or
material is forced into the channel by the rollers, and the side plates are also
provided with a die through which the clay or material is also forced in the.
desired shape lengthwise; when the clay leaves the dies in the shape of a
band or continuous length of clay, it enters on a rolling or cutting table on
which the clay is cut transversely the desired lengths for forming the bricks or
tiles, the sizes and shapes of which are regulated by the dies which can be
changed with ease.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Effertz in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
June 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
EFFERTZ, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Peter Effertz, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Effertz,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter
Effertz, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from, time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the

page_text: Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, DRAIN PIPES, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Peter Effertz, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Effertz, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The nature of this Invention, which is a further improvement on a Patent
granted to me bearing date the Fifth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eigth hundred and sixty-one, Number 2211, consists of
using three or more rollers for mixing the clay or plastic material; when
three only are used, I place two of them in a horizontal line and the third in a
vertical line under one of the others. I drive the surfaces of the said rollers
at different speeds; the first horizontal roller having the slowest speed and
the bottom roller the greatest, the variations of which speed may be obtained
by making the rollers of different diameters or by giving each of them a
different number of revolutions per minute or by both means combined. I
also leave a greater space between the two horizontal rollers than between the'
second horizontal roller and the bottom roller, and cause the rollers to revolve'
in opposite directions. The said rollers run in bearings fixed on framework"
and between two side plates forming a channel provided with scrapers or
doctors to clear the adhering clay from the rollers; the clay or material is'
forced into the channel by the rollers, and the side plates are provided'
with a die or shaper, through which the clay or material is forced in the
desired shape; when the clay leaves the die or shaper in the form of a band'
or continuous length of clay, it enters on a rolling or cutting table on which
the clay is cut transversely the desired lengths for forming the bricks, tiles, or
other articles, the sizes and shapes of which are regulated by the die or shaper'
which can be changed with ease.
This Invention will be clearly understood by referring to the figures and
letters on the accompanying three Sheets of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a
longitudinal section, Fig. 2 a longitudinal elevation, and Fig. 3 a plan of one

page_text: of my improved machines having three rollers for mixing the clay or plastic
material.
The rollers are shewn at a, b, c; they are fixed to shafts d, e, f, working
in bearings attached to the side frames g, g. The rollers revolve in different
directions and their surfaces are driven at different speeds, the first roller a
having the slowest speed and the third roller c the quickest. These variations
of speed may be obtained by making the rollers of different diameters and
turning all the shafts at the same speed, or by making all the rollers of the
same diameter, as shewn in the Drawings, and giving them a different
number of revolutions. The main driving shaft is shewn at h, Figs. 2 and 3,
it is mounted with a large strap pulley i connected by a strap with the motive
power. The shaft h is provided with a clutch or friction box, and has fixed to
it the pinion k gearing into the wheel fixed to the shaft f of the lower roller c.
At the other end of this shaft is fixed the toothed wheel m gearing into the
toothed wheel n fixed to the shaft e of the roller b, and at the other end of this
shaft is fixed the toothed wheel o, gearing into the toothed wheel p, fixed
to the shaft d of the roller a. The said rollers turn between side plates q,
having at the top cross plates for making a hopper s, and formed below as a
channel provided with scrapers or doctors u, v, w, x, for removing the
adhering clay from the rollers. To the front of the side plates and channel
is fixed a die or shaper y of the desired shape of the brick, tile, or other
article. When rough clay is supplied to the hopper s and motion given
to the machine, the clay is drawn between the rollers a, b, and then between
the rollers b, c, and afterwards forced through the die or shaper in a
continuous length, which is received on a suitable rolling or cutting
table.
The number of rollers, their distances from each other and also their
diameters and surface speed, are, varied as required, and also the arrangements
of the gearing and their connection with the motive. power, and the die or
shaper is made either single or double, and any suitable number of shapers
may be used in one machine.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said, Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood
that I claim,,
First, the employment of three or more rollers at short distances from, each
other and running in contrary directions at different speeds for the purpose of
mixing the clay or plastic, material and forcing it through a channel and one or
more dies or shapers.

page_text: And, secondly, the employment of scrapers or doctors for clearing the
adhering clay from the rollers, as such improvements are herein described and
illustrated in the accompanying three Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Effertz, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named Peter Effertz, in the
presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
PETER EFFERTZ. (L.S.)