A WINDLASS, WINDLASS BITTS, AND METALLIC HAWBE HOLE CHAMBER, WHEREBY GREAT MANUAL LABOUR IS SAVED, AND A CONSIDERABLE LESS SPACE OF TIME IS NECESSARY IN HEAVING TO AND GETTING ON BOARD SHIPS' ANCHORS, EITHER IN MODERATE WEATHER OR IN GALES OF WIND
Year: 1808

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NICHOLAS
FAIRLES, of South Shields, in the County of Durham, Esquire, send greeting.:
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of
November now last past, give and grant unto me, the said Nicholas Fairles,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Nicholas Fairles, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A WINDLASS,
WINDLASS BITTS, AND METALLIC HAWBE HOLE CHAMBER, WHEREBY GREAT MANUAL
LABOUR IS SAVED, AND A CONSIDERABLE LESS SPACE OF TIME IS NECESSARY IN
HEAVING TO AND GETTING ON BOARD SHIPS' ANCHORS, EITHER IN MODERATE
WEATHER OR IN GALES OF WIND;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso that I, the said Nicholas Fairles, should by an instrument

page_text: in writing under my hand and seal, cause a particular description of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar
months immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
otherwise the said Letters Patent should cease, determine, and become void,
as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, may and will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Nicholas Fairles, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described
and fully ascertained by the Drawings in the margin of these Presents,
and in the following description thereof, that is to say :-
Fig. 1, an elevation of the windlass and cross section of the ship's deck, &c.
A, A, the bitt heads, which are hollow, and contain the wheels wrought by the
cranks or handles B, B, and which give motion to the windlass body or
shaft D. E, E, are surge boxes of cast iron, having such an incline or angle
that when a rope is applied round the ends of the windlass to raise a weight,
&c. the rope slips down or is forced by the adjoining part of the said rope into
its original situation, and is thereby prevented from (what the seamen call)
riding, that is, the one part crossing the other, which always produces much
delay and inconvenience. L, the centre pall box; H, H, shew the covers
over the pall wheels attached to the toothed wheels in the bitt heads.
Fig. 2 & 3 are longitudinal sections of the windlass and bitt heads, shewing
the positions of the wheels, pinions, pall boxes, &c. D, the windlass body, with
an iron axis F passing through it, the ends of which are turned to fit the pall
wheels and windlass ends, being secured by feathers or keys inserted into each.
G, G, are pall wheels let into the windlass ends, the centre boxes being of
sufficient length to admit the large toothed wheels C, C, to be fixed upon
them. By this method the force exerted on the cranks or handles is thrown
on the windlass body without any twist being laid on the iron axis. The ends
of the windlass are inserted into the surge boxes E, E; their centres are
secured to the ends of the axis F by feathers or keys. L, a cast-iron pall
box with a hole of an octagonal or other form to answer the size and shape
of the shaft or body of the windlass, and which is driven to the centre of the
shaft, and becomes a hoop to strengthen the same; the exterior of the pall
box is divided into sixteen equal parts, but may be divided into any number
of parts as occasion may require, being so indented as to admit the palls or
stops N, Fig. 1 (which are fixed by hinges to the pall bit O) to fall into the
said indents, and thereby prevent the windlass having a reverse motion. The
pall wheels at the ends of the windlass G, G, may have any number of teeth, so

page_text: as the palls act with those of the centre; consequently, the handle B, B, can
be forced back but a few inches by any extraordinary resistance on the
windlass body. I, I, I, I, represent the lining or cleading, which encircles the
windlass or shaft to prevent the main body from being injured by the table, and
made of fir or other soft wood, also to prevent the table being injured by the
shaft. These linings or cleadings are fixed without the application of nails or
pins. They consist generally of eight parts; the small end of such part is
inserted underneath the pall wheels G, G, at the end of the shaft or body of
the windlass in opening left for that purpose, and the other ends adjoin the
octogonal pall box in the centre of the shaft, and are secured by an iron hoop,
which is driven close to the said pall box. The bitt heads are framed, as-
represented in Fig. 4, being secured by iron rings on each side and rivetted
together; the after part of the bitts, see Fig. 6, are firmly secured by the
bolts, which pass through the principal uprights; also by dowels, and the palis
covers H, H, Fig. 1. The pinions are made to disengage from the windlass
by sliding them back and removing the keys that keep them in gear to the
opposite side of the bushes.
Fig. 5 shews the covers of the pinions. Fig. 6 represents the after part
of the bitts when detached from the uprights of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a cross
section of the bitts, and an outside view of the windlass wheels, &c. corre-
sponding with the longitudinal section Fig. 2. Fig. 8, 9, 10, represent other
views of the same Invention by a combination of wheels which renders greater
power when necessary; all the other component parts of the windlass, bitt
heads, &c., are the same as described by the different plates. Fig. 11, a view
of the pall box L. Fig. 12 and 13 are sections of cast-iron hawse boxes,
with rollers.
Having fully described, by the Specification and the Drawings hereto
annexed, the manner by which my improved windlass may be made; also
be it known that my said Invention does not only consist in making the
improved windlass, but also in attaching or applying any of its parts to the
common windlass now in use, or to any which may hereafter be used on
board of ships, during the term for which the said Letters Patent have been
granted.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nicholas Fairles, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and nine.
NICHOLAS (L.S.) FAIRLES.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that; on the Twenty-eighth day of February,:
in the forty-ninth year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Third,
the said Nicholas Fairles came before; our said Lord the King in His
Chancery, andy acknowledged the. Instrument aforesaid,..andall, and every
thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And also the
Instrument aforesaid, was stamped, according to the tenor of the Statute made
in the forty-eighth year of His said Majesty's reign.
Inrolled the Sixth day of March, One thousand.. eight hundred and
nine.
LONDON:
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1856.
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