IMPROVE- : "MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: 2
LETTERS PATENT to James Bullough, of Baxenden, near Accrington, in
"the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
: "MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 2nd January 1866, and dated the 7th July 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bullough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
July 1865.
CI, JAMES BULLOUGH, of Baxenden, near Accrington, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in various improved weft-stopping motions for
stopping the loom when a weft-thread breaks or is absent.
In one arrangement I place a pin on a stud at the front of the slay at both
sides of the warp, the said pins projecting a short distance above the race
board of the slay. On brackets fixed to the bottom of the slay there are studs
carrying levers, having inclines at one end and hooks at the other end, and on

page_text: these inclines the bottom of the pins rest. On studs fixed to brackets con-
nected to the breast" beam "there are other levers communicating at one end
by chains or cords or rods to the stopping or setting-on rod, and at the other
ends having hooks or projections which can be seized by the hooks of the
first-mentioned levers when required. When the shuttle is being thrown
across the slay, and there is no breakage or absence of weft the upper part of
the pins comes in contact with the weft, and enables the lower part of the
pins when the slay is going back to act upon the inclines of the first-mentioned
levers, and raise their opposite hooked ends, so that no stoppage of the loom
takes place; but if there is a breakage or absence of weft the pins fall by
their own gravity out of the way of the inclines, and therefore one or other
of the hooked ends of the levers on the slay seizes one or other of the hooks or
projections of the levers on the breast beam, and gives motion to the chains,
cords, or rods connected to the stopping or setting-on rod, and stops the loom.
In some cases one pin and parts connected with it may be employed at one
side only of the warp, but in either case they have to be worked at every
other pick to prevent the unnecessary stoppage of the loom, and for this
purpose I employ tappets on the tappet shaft for acting by means of levers
and rods on the levers connected to, the slay...
In another arrangement.I place on the reed cap a shaft extending from one
end to the other, and fix to the shaft near each selvedge a: bracket carrying
in one frame a lever arm or fork for coming in contact with the weft, another
lever or arm at the front with a booked end, and at the back another lever
or arm placed between stops for regulating its movement. The said frame
with its levers or arms is worked one way by a lever on the shaft coming in
contact with a spring bar fixed to the framework of the loom, and worked the
other way by a spring and lever, or by a lever and weight. When the slay
is moving back the fork lever or arm feels for the weft, and if there is a
breakage or absence there is no action upon it, and the hooked lever seizes
an arm jointed or held to a lever connected with the stopping apparatus,
anil stops the 'loom; but if there is weft the fork lever or arm is brought
forward by it, and raises the hooked lever above the arm of the stopping
apparatus, and thus prevents the stoppage of the loom. This apparatus is
applied either to one or both sides of the warp, and worked at every other
pick by rods and levers acted upon by tappets on the tappet shaft of the
loom.
In both the foregoing arrangements, when a weft thread breaks or is
absent the stopping apparatus is put in action when the slay is going back,

page_text: and stops the loom at or about the back centre immediately after the detec
tion of the breakage or absence of weft..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said James Bullough in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the
6th January 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BULLOUGH, of Baxenden, near Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
'
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Bullough, Her special license that I, the said James
Bullough, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others.as
I, the said James Bullough, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Bullough, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,.
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Bullough do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention consists in various improved weft stopping motions for
stopping the loom when a weft-thread breaks or is absent.
In one arrangement I place a pin on a stud at the front. of the slay at both
sides of the warp, the said pins projecting a short distance above the race

page_text: board of the slay. On brackets fixed to the bottom of the slay there are
studs carrying two armed levers, each having an incline on the back arm, and
a hook at the front of the front arm, and on the back arms and inclines the
bottom of the pins rest. On studs fixed to brackets connected to the breast
beam there are other levers communicating by a chain, cords, or rods, to the
stopping or setting-on rod, and also having hooks or projections, which can be
seized by the hooks of the first-mentioned levers when required. When the
shuttle is being thrown across the slay, and there is no breakage or absence
of weft, the upper part of one or other of the pins comes in contact with the
weft, and enables the lower part of the pin, when the slay is going back, to
act upon one of the inclines of the first-mentioned levers, and raise its opposite
hooked end so that no stoppage of the loom takes place; but if there is a
breakage or absence of weft the pins remain stationary out of the way of the
inclines, and therefore one or other of the hooked ends of the levers below the
slay seizes one or other of the books or projections of the levers on the breast
beam, and gives motion to the chains, cords, or rods connected to the stopping
or setting-on rod, and stops the loom. In some cases one pin and parts
connected with it may be employed at one side only of the warp, but in either
case they have to be worked at every other pick to prevent the unnecessary
stoppage of the loom; and for this purpose I employ tappets on the tappet
shaft for acting by means of lovers and rods on the levers connected to the
slay.
In another arrangement I place on the reed cap a shaft extending from
one end to the other, and fix to the shaft near each selvedge a bracket carrying
a fork or prong at the front, and an arm at the back. The fork is employed
for coming in contact with the weft, and the back arm for acting on the back
arm of another lever, having a hook at the front. The said brackets, with
their forks or prongs, are worked one way by a lever on the shaft coming in
contact with a spring bar fixed to the framework of the loom, and worked the
other way by a spring and lever, or by a lever and weight. When the slay is
moving back the fork or prong on one side or the other feels for the .weft, and
if there is a breakage or absence there is no action upon it, and the
hooked lever seizes a catch on an arm held to a lever connected with the
stopping apparatus, and stops the loom; but if there is weft the fork
or prong is moved back by it, and causes the arm connected to the fork
or prong to raise the front end of the hooked lever above the arm in
connection with the stopping apparatus, and thus prevents the stoppage of
the loom.

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I modify the last arrangement by substituting for each fork or prong a
vertical weft feeler, jointed at the top to a double lever, the back of which,
when required, raises the hooked lever, and prevents the stoppage of the
loom, and for raising the weft to the feelers I employ forks moved by means
of stationary cams or inclines fixed to the breast beam.
All of these arrangements are applied to one or both sides of the warp at
any suitable distance from the centre according to the width of the fabric, and
worked at every other pick by rods and levers acted upon by tappets on the
tappet shaft of the loom, but when the modified arrangement is placed in the
centre of the warp it is worked at every pick by a tappet on the crank
shaft or a double tappet on the tappet shaft, and in all the arrangements,
when there is a breakage or absence of weft, the stopping apparatus is put
in action when the slay is going back, and stops the loom at or about the
back centre.
This Invention will be clearly understood by the following particular
description thereof, reference being had to the Figures on the accompanying
two Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.
In Sheet 1, Figs. 1, 2, and 3 are transverse views of an end frame and
other parts of a loom, shewing the several arrangements of my improved weft
stopping motions; and Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are various views of parts of
the same, drawn to an enlarged scale. In Sheet 2, Figs. 10, 11, and 12 are
front and end elevations, drawn to a reduced scale of part of a loom provided
with some of my improvements.
In the Figures generally a represents, in whole or in part the end
frames of the loom; b, the crank shaft; c, the tappet shaft; d, the slay or
batten; e, the slay swords; f, the breast beam; g, the reed; and h, the reed
cap.
In the arrangement shewn in Figs. 1 and 4, Sheet 1, I place on a stud at
the front of the slay d, at both sides of the warp, a pin or lever i, the top of
which projects a short distance above the race board of the slay. To the
bottom of the slay are fixed brackets k, each holding a stud carrying a two
armed lever l, m, having an incline and catch n on the back arm m and a
hook o at the front end of the front arm 7, and the bottom end of each pin or
lever i is in contact with one of the back arms m. On studs in brackets fixed
to the breast beam there are other levers p, each connected by a chain or
cord 9 to the smaller diameter of a double pulley r working on a stud at the
bottom of the breast beam f, there being fixed to the larger diameter of the
pulley another chain or cord, which passes over a guide pulley, and is con-

page_text: nected either directly or by means of a lever to the stopping-on or setting-on
rod s, and at the lower end of each lever p there is a catch u, which can be
seized by the hook o, when there is a breakage or absence of weft. The front
arm of the two-armed lever is heavier than the back arm m, and the back
arm can be depressed by the vertical rod v, connected to one end of the lever w,
having its other end jointed to the rod x, jointed to the lever y, carrying a
bowl in contact with the single tappet on the tappet shaft c, and the two
tappets, one at each side, are placed in opposite directions for the purpose of
raising the hooked arms 7 at every other pick, that is, for raising each arm at
the opposite side from which the last pick is thrown when pick and pick. are
given from each side alternately. To the breast beam are fixed two inclines
or curves a', one for each two-armed lever l, m, for the purpose of raising the
hooked arms, and depressing the back arms, and releasing the bottom ends of
the pins from the catches and inclines n, there being thin brackets b¹ fixed
to the breast beam f for raising the cloth to allow the tops of the pins i to
pass under when the pick of weft is beaten up similar to those described in the
Specification of the Patent granted to me, bearing date the Seventeenth day of
March, in the year of our Lord' One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five,
Number 750. And I may here remark that the catches in the inclines n, and
the curves or inclines a¹ may be dispensed with when desired. As the slay
proceeds from the front to the back centre the back of the two-armed lever l, m,
on the opposite side from which the pick was given, is depressed by means of
its corresponding tappet, levers w, y, and rods v, x, in connection with it for
the purpose of raising the hook o above the catch u, and preventing the loom
from being stopped unnecessarily. As the slay proceeds the shuttle is being
thrown across, and if there is no breakage or absence of weft the upper part
of the pin or lever i on the side from which the pick was given is pushed back
by the weft, and the lower part of the pin pushed on the incline n into the
catch, so as to raise the book o, and prevent it from seizing the catch u on the
lever p and stopping the loom. But if there is a breakage or absence of
weft the top of the pin i remains stationary, and leaves. the bottom of the
pin away from the incline, as shown by the dotted lines Fig. 4, and as no
action is given to the two-armed lever l, m, the book o on the front arm
seizes the catch pulls forward the lever p and chain q, which turn the
pulleys r, and shift the stopping or setting-on-rod s out of its detent, and stops
the loom at or about the back centre.
In the arrangement shewn in Figs. 2 and.5 I place. on the reed cap ha
shaft c, extending from end to end, and fix to the shaft near each selvedge a

page_text: bracket d' carrying a two-armed lever formed at the front as a fork or prong e',
for coming in contact with the weft, and at the back as an arm f¹ which
can be acted upon at the required time by a pin on the rod g¹ worked by the
lever h³, rod ³, lever ', and single tappet m¹ on the tappet shaft c. At the
side of each fork or prong e¹ there is another two-armed. lever, the back
arm n² of which is in contact with. the back arm f' and the front arm o¹
formed with a hook p¹, the said front arm being heavier than the back arm,
so that it may fall by its own gravity, and the back arm having a projection
sideways, as shewn in Fig. 6. On the breast beam.f there are bearings, in
which works a shaft g³ extending from end to end, and carrying two levers r³,
having rigid arms s', to which are fixed catches t' in line with the hooks p',
and to the shaft is also fixed another lever u³, having an adjustable screw u²
in contact with the stopping or setting-on rod w³. When the slay is moving
from the front to the back centre the shuttle is being thrown across, and the
hook p¹, opposite to the side from which the pick is given, is raised out of reach
of its corresponding catch t¹ by the depression of the back arms f¹ and n¹ on
that side by means of the rods g¹, k¹, levers h¹, 4, and tappet m¹, in order
to prevent the stoppage of the loom when the weft is in such a position that
the fork or prong could not find it. On the side from which the pick is given
the fork or prong e¹ feels for the weft, and if the weft is broken or absent
there is no action either on the fork or on the two-armed lever n³, o¹, and
therefore the hook p¹ seizes its corresponding catch and pulls the arm s¹ and
lever so as to slightly turn the shaft q' and lever u³, and shift the stopping
or setting-on rod w¹ out of its detent, and stop the loom at or about the back
centre; but if there is weft the fork or prong e¹ is moved back, and the arm f¹
depressed; and as this arm is in contact with the back arm n¹, the arm o¹
rises and places the hook p¹ out of the way of the catch t, and no stoppage of
the loom takes place. At the time of beating up the weft it is necessary that
both forks or prongs e¹ should be out of the warp above the edge of the cloth,
and in the warp before the shuttle passes across the race board of the slay..
For this purpose I fasten to one of the end frames of the loom the spring
bar a', and fix on the shaft c' on the reed cap a lever having two arms y', s¹,
and connect the arm z¹ to a spring a². When the slay is moving from the
back to the front centre the weft motions are not called into action, and
therefore the forks or prongs are raised out of the warp by the spring pulling
down the arm, and turning the shaft c¹ and brackets d',, but when the slay
is moving back from the front to the back, and just before the shuttle is
thrown across the arm y¹ comes in contact with the spring bar a¹, by which it

page_text: is turned so as to allow the brackets to fall down and place the forks or prongs
in the warp or shed.
In' the modification shewn in Figs. 3 and 7, I employ for the two weft
feelers two vertical rods widened and notched at the bottom, and place the
:feelers at any suitable distance from the centre of the warp. One of the said
-feelers is shewn at a, it is jointed at the top to the front arm of a double
lever: working on a stud in a bracket fixed to the top of the reed cap h. The
back arm c² of the said double lever can be depressed when required by a
stud fixed to the rod d connected to the lever which is also jointed to the
rod connected to the lever g³, having a bowl in' contact with a single
tappet h³ on the tappet shaft c, the projections of the two tappets being placed
in opposite directions for enabling the two feelers a alternately to enter the
warp at the required times. In bearings on the top of the reed cap there is
a shaft ² extending from end to end, and to this shaft is fixed the lover 1,
jointed by a link m² to the lever n³, working on a stud in a bracket fixed to
the front of the reed cap h. To this lever is jointed a double lever, having a
front arm p with a hook at the front, and a back arm, with a projecting
side pieces, Fig. 8, in contact with the under side of the back arm c³, and
the back of the lever n³ is in contact with a spring partially embedded in the
front of the reed cap. To one end of the shaft is fixed another lever u con-
nected to the rodies, jointed to one arm of the lever w³, jointed to the rod *
connected to the lever y², having a bowl in contact with a single tappet
the crank shaft b, or à double tappet on the tappet shaft c. Below the
widened end of each weft' feeler as there is a fork a³, Figs. 7 'and 9, the shank
of which passes through a groove in the front of the slay, and is held to a lever
b³ fixed to a shaft c³, working in bearings at the bottom of the slay. To the
shaft is fixed anothér lever d³ having a bowl; which rides on an arm ³
having a curve or incline f³, so that as the slay moves to and fro the lever d³
shall move up and down, and with it the levers 6s and forks a³. On the breast
beam f there is a shaft g³ carrying a lever h³, and arm ³, and catch P, and also
another lever in connection with the stopping or setting-on rod, similar to those
in Figs. 2 and 5, and when the catch ³, arm k³, and lever h³ are pulled back by
the hook, the stopping or setting-on rod is pushed out of its detent and
stops the loom. When the slay is moving to the front centre, and until the
beat-up is completed, the two feelers are held up out of the warp by the
hollows of the tappets h². When the slay is moving from the front to the
back centre the forks a³ rise as the bowls on the lever d³ rides on the curve
or incline, in order to catch and support the weft, and the feeler opposite
on

page_text: to the side from which the pick is given is.also held up during the backward
movement of the slay, but on the side on which the pick is given the bowl
on the lever g is on the projection of its corresponding tappet h³, thereby
enabling the rods f" and d to be raised so as to allow the front. arm b³ to. fall
and lower the feeler into the warp to feel for the weft; and if there is weft
on the fork as the feeler rests upon it and keeps down the back arm c³, and
maintains the hook 3 above the catch P, thereby preventing the stoppage of
the loom; but if there is a breakage or absence of weft the feeler not being
supported falls lower and raises the back arm away from the back arm.r³,.
thereby allowing the heavier hooked arm på to fall by its own gravity, so that
as the slay is moving to the back centre the hook q³ can seize the catch P,.
pull the arm k³, and shift the stopping or setting-on rod out of its detent and
stop the loom. In order, when desired, to allow the slay to move to the back;
centre and still obtain sufficient motion to stop the loom, I connect the lever
u³, also shewn in Fig. 10, Sheet 2, to the rod v³, worked from the tappet &³ on:
the crank shaft b, so that when the slay is nearly stationary the crank in
turning shall turn the tappet and cause the rod vs to turn the shaft ³, and.
pull back the levers, n³, and hook q³, and with it-the catch and arm k³, and
stop the loom.
In some cases, according to the width of the fabric, I employ only one of..
the weft motions, shewn in Figs. 3 and 7, and place it in the centre of the
warp, but this motion will have to be worked at every pick by a single tappet.
on the crank shaft, or a double tappet on the tappet shaft, and when the shaft.
on the breast beam f, Figs. 3 and 7, requires to be stayed in the centre to
resist the pull, I fix to the front rail of the loom a bracket n³, Fig. 3, having,
an adjustable piece o³ in contact with the cloth on the breast beam, and a
projection p³ in contact with the inner surface of the shaft.
In all the foregoing arrangements of my improved. weft-stopping motions;
when there is a breakage or absence of weft, the stopping or. setting-on rod is
shifted out of its detent as the slay is going back, thereby enabling the loom.
to be stopped at or near the back centre; but for causing it to be stopped with
certainty I employ at one end of the loom a catch and catch wheel, and parts
connected with them similar to those described in the Specification of one of:
my former Patents, bearing date the Eleventh day of December in the year.:
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, Number 3120, and
place at the other end of the loom a re-action brake, as shewn in Figs. 10, >
11, and 12, Sheet 2. The crank shaft 6 is provided with the ordinary.fast
and loose pulleys, the fast pulley having fixed to it the catch-wheel q. On.

page_text: the crank shaft there is a loose vibrating bar or lever r³, to the upper part of
which is jointed the weighted catch s³, and to its curved bottom is fastened a
strap connected to one end of the strong spring &³, held at its other end to a
bracket fixed to an end frame of the loom. To the shaft 9 on the breast
beam is fixed the lever u³; connected near the top by the rod to the arm w³
of a double lever, the other arm of which rests on the catch s³. At the
other end of the loom on the 'fly, wheel I fix a projection a³, and place on a
stud a catch y³ jointed to the lever 23, held loosely by a screw or stud to the
back of another lever a', working on the fulcrum 6, and having leather or
other friction material in contact with the periphery of the wheel. When.
the shaft is slightly turned for stopping the loom the lever u³ is moved back,
and the rod, by means of the lever w³, presses the catch ³ into the teeth of
the catch wheel q³, and thereby causes the wheel to give vibrating motion to
the bar or lever ³, and stretch the strong spring, the resistance of which
stops the forward movement of the slay without any shock or concussion.
The resistance [given to the forward movement of the catch wheel has a
tendency to cause it to recoil, and it is to prevent the recoil from proceeding
too far that I employ the re-action brake, and place the projection a³ on the
wheel in such a position that the catch y³ shall hold the projection and wheel
before the crank recoils beyond the back centre.
•
. In the arrangement shewn in Figs. 1 and 4, where there is no shaft on the.
breast beam, the catch s³ of the catch wheel g³, Figs. 10 and 11, must be
acted upon by connections from the lever p, Figs. 1 and 4..
In those looms in which jacquard apparatus, dobbies, or pattern chains are
employed for opening and closing the shed, it is well known that it is of great:
importance that the shed through which the last pick was thrown should remain
open when the loom is stopped by the weft motion, in order to prevent the
pattern cards or chains from overcoming the pattern of the fabric, and that
is the main object for stopping the loom at or about the back centre when
the shed is open, and preventing the crank from turning to the top centre
when the shed would be closed.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood
that I claim in looms for weaving,-
First, the system of stopping the loom at or about the back centre of the
crank and slay.
Secondly, the system of giving the backward movements to the shafts,
levers, hooks, and catches of the weft-stopping motions, and also the various

page_text: combinations and arrangements of the several parts of the said weft-stopping
motions required for enabling the loom to be stopped at or about the back
centre, as all such improvements are herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying two Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Bullough, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the within-named James
Bullough, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES BULLOUGH. (L.B.)