matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WIRE MUZZLES FOR DOGS AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1874

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Mohr and William
Shammon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th June 1874.
We, CHARLES MOHR, Trunk Manufacturer, and WILLIAM SHAMMON,
Whip Manufacturer, both of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WIRE MUZZLES FOR DOGS AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be
as follows:
―
The object of this Invention is so to form the joints of the wires at
their points of junction or of crossing each other that such wires shall
be securely and firmly united, and at the same time lie evenly, and
present at such joint only the thickness of a single wire, except the thin
clip which encloses or envelopes the joint.
In carrying the said object of our present Invention into practice we
cut or otherwise form in and across cach piece of wire, at the parts
where they are intended to meet and be united together, a groove or
channel half way through the metal, in the case of joining two wires, so
that when they are placed together, each such groove or channel is

page_text: exactly filled with the uncut metal at the bottom of the groove of the
other or opposite piece of wire, and the two wires at such point of
junction present only the thickness of one wire. We now take a piece
of thin metal of the requisite size cut with four points, thus
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fold or clip the joined wires therein, and then when desired solder the
whole joint so formed, thus firmly securing all the parts forming the
joint together.
Three or more wires may be united in a similar way by cutting the
grooves at the requisite angle in and across each wire, and preparing
the clip with the requisite number of points, viz., two points for every
wire.
A muzzle made with our improved joints can be made to fit the
animal better and more neatly than those now generally used, and such
joints will remove a great source of irritation to the wearer, which it is
most desirable to do, especially in the case of dogs in hot weather.
A NEW ANTI-SLIPPERY HORSE-SHOE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Le Bacq at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th January 1874.
.
I, FRANÇOIS LE BACQ, of 17, Crown Street, Soho, in the Parish of St.
3 Giles, County of Middlesex, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW ANTI-SLIPPERY HORSE-SHOE," to be as
follows:-
Small grains (pegs) of steel are introduced in the horse-shoc in small
holes. The adaption of these grains of steel can be made either to the
cold or hot iron, and without perforating the horse-shoe all through, as
can be seen in Fig. 3 & 5.
The grains of steel so introduced may have any kind of form, round,
square, triangular, conic, &c., and are not screwed in the horse-shoe, but
worked in the iron, by means of pressure.

page_text: The position and the fastening of these grains of steel in their holes is
a speciality, and will prevent so many accidents to the public and to
horses, accidents so numerous on the asphaltes of our streets, stopping
the trafic often for hours.
Le Beca's Invention will be of great utility to the public
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING THE AXLES OF WINDOW PULLIES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stevenson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December, 1874.
I, WILLIAM STEVENSON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING THE AXLES OF WINDOW PULLIES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to the lubrication of the axles of window
pulleys, has for its object to prevent the wear and tear of the same, to
remove or lessen the strain thereon when raising or lowering the window,
and to enable this to be done with less exertion and noise than obtains
under the conditions as at present existing of defective lubrication on
account of the difficulty of access to the axles owing to the embedding of
the pulley block in the wood fittings of the window.
.
The Invention consists in casting or forming a rib or bead on each
side of the block extending from the boss or bearing of the axle at an
angle to the under-side of the face plate. A second rib or projection is
formed in a similar mode, and being placed close to the first a trench or

page_text: channel is formed between them from the under side of the face plate to
the boss or axle bearing on each side of the block. Holes are bored in
the face plate to communicate with these channels, which latter are
extended through the side of the boss by slotting the latter, so that the
oil or other lubricant being applied to the holes in the face plate
descending the channel by gravitation passes unobstructed to the
axle of the pulley, which may thus be lubricated at pleasure. Continual
abrasion of the axle is by this means obviated, noise prevented, and the
labour required to raise or lower the window reduced to a minimum.
Unnecessary and undue strain on the chains or ropes and the frequent
consequent breakages are also avoided.
The Invention is applicable to all pulley blocks which are embedded
in the same manner as those applied to windows where the face plate is
accessible.
IMPROVED METHODS OF MANUFACTURING AND SECUBING RIDGING TO ROOFS OF BUILDINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Lee Meakin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th August 1874.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK LEE MEAKIN, of No. 4, Martin's Lane,
Cannon Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED METHODS OF MANUFACTURING AND
SECUBING RIDGING TO ROOFS OF BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
Firstly. In forming a groove in the ridge or hip-picce of a roof, and
a similar groove in the centre of the roll or capping for the insertion of
a piece of hard wood, slate, metal, or other suitable substance, partly in
the ridge or hip piece and partly in the roll or capping, and securing the
roll or capping to the hard wood or other piece by means of screws or
plugs inserted in the side of same at intervals, although not absolutely
necessary in practice. The wings or flyers are secured to the ridge or
bip piece by means of screws or plugs before the roll or capping is put
on, the roll or capping, when on, covering the screws or plugs, which fix
the wings or flyers, all as shewn by the Drawing, No. 1, A being the
hip or ridge picce; B, the piece of hard wood; C, the roll or capping;

page_text: D, the wings or flyers; E, the cement or other bedding; F, the ordinary
slating.
Secondly. In forming a groove in the hip or ridge piece of a roof for
the insertion of lengths of T shaped pieces forming a roll or capping,
and fixing the wings or flyers with plugs or screws to the ridge or hip
piece as before described, so that the roll or capping, when on, covers
the plugs or screws that fix the wings or flyers, all as shewn by the
Drawing, No. 2, A being the hip or ridge piece; B, the T shaped roll
or capping; C, the wings or flyers.
Thirdly. In forming a groove in the hip or ridge piece of a roof, and
a similar groove in the centre of the roll or capping for the insertion of
a piece of hard wood, slate, metal, or other convenient substance, partly
in the hip or ridge piece and partly in the roll or capping, the wings or
flyers being made to turn up on one of their edges and inserted also in
a groove in the roll or capping. By this means no other fixing is
necessary for the wings or flyers, all as shewn by the Drawing, No. 3,
A being the hip or ridge piece; B, the roll or capping; C, the hard
wood or other piece; D, the wings or flyers.
The rolls or capping and wings or flyers may be made of slate, clay,
cast, rolled, or sheet iron, or zinc, or any other suitable substance, or a
combination moulded to the required form, and may be bedded in cement
or other tenacious substance.
The adoption of cither of these modes I claim to be novel, simple,
secure, & economical, and will form a most perfect water-tight covering
to the hips and ridges of roofs of buildings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE ROTATORY OR FAN BLOWERS AND FUMIGATORS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
June 1874.
I, ALFRED BENNETT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE ROTATORY OR FAN BLOWERS AND FUMIGATORS, AND
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
portable rotatory or fan blowers and fumigators, and in the manufacture
of the same, whereby the said blowers and fumigators are made more
convenient in use and simpler in construction, and are not liable to the
derangement to which blowers and fumigators as ordinarily made aro
liable.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a blower:-I make
the body and pipe of the blower of two symmetrical pieces of sheet
metal stamped or raised into such forms that when the said pieces are
fixed together edge to edge by the broad flange of one being made to

page_text: overlap or fold upon the narrow flange of the other, they are firmly
connected together and form the fan chamber or body and delivery pipe.
I attach the vanes of the fan to the rotating spindle by casting on the
said spindle at the required distances two series of arms, each pair of
arms supporting one of the vanes. The vanes are connected to the said
arms by their inner ends being inserted in slits in the said arms. The
said slit arms are closed by pressure upon the vanes, when they engage
with holes therein, and are made thereby to hold the said vanes firmly.
The vanes are strengthened by one or more corrugations.
I make the pulley or hand wheel by which the fan is driven of two
thin discs of wood glued together with the grain of one disc crossing
the grain of the other disc, the two discs being secured together by
screws, nails, or rivets, in addition to the glue. On the side of the
blower, and nearly opposite the point at which the pulley or hand
wheel is situated, two hooks are fixed, one on the upper side and the
other on the lower side of the blower. To these hooks a leather strap
with adjusting holes may be affixed, so as to form a loop or handle under
which one hand may be placed for holding the blower, while the other
hand is employed in working the pulley or hand wheel of the fan. By
means of the said leather handle the blower is held very conveniently
and with great steadiness.
The fumigators to which my Invention is applicable differ from the
blower described in having a funnel in which the tobacco or other
fumigating material is placed, and through which funnel the air forced
from the pipe is drawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING OR SPRAYING SCENTS AND LIQUIDS GENERALLY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Maximilian Plessner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd December 1874.
I, JOHANN MAXIMILIAN PLESSNER, of No. 11, Golden Square, Regent
Street, in the County of Middlesex, late Captain in the Prussian Army,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING OR SPRAYING SCENTS AND LIQUIDS GENERALLY,"
to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for distributing
or spraying scents and liquids generally, the object being the production
of a spray or vaporizing of perfumes, scents, essences, or any other
liquid by means of an apparatus especially constructed for this purpose.
The apparatus has a stopper to be inserted into the neck of a bottle
containing the liquid after removing the original stopper, and is arranged
in such a way as to fit bottles of any form or dimension.
A metal tube is provided with an air nozzle. Part of the lower end
of the tube has a screw for the reception of a cork. Part of the upper

page_text: end of tube is also cut with a screw to which a cup or flanch can be
fastened, the cup having an india-rubber ball or other compressible air
receptacle attached to it.
Inside the tube is another tube or perforated piece of metal arranged
in such a way that a third piece of tubing can be screwed into its lower
end. Opposite and inside the air nozzle is a smaller tube or liquid
nozzle inserted, the two nozzles being arranged at a distance apart but
one within the other. Spaces allow the air from the compressible vessel
to communicate with the interior of the bottle to act upon the surface of
the liquid.
A telescopic tube leading from the perforated piece of motal or tube
to which the liquid nozzle is affixed permits of the lower end adjusting
itself to the depth of the bottle so that the liquid may rise up it.
I prefer to have perforated corks of various sizes exteriorly provided
for the apparatus so that one can be removed by unscrewing and another
fitted on.
The production by my apparatus of a spray is effected by compressing
the air vessel, whereby a pressure is exercised by the air on the surface
of the liquid which causes the latter to rise through the central tubes
and to be ejected through the liquid nozzle. The compressed air
escaping at the same time through the air nozzle the liquid becomes
broken into a dense vapour or spray.
The air vessel in expanding sucks air through both the nozzles, and
atmospheric tension is again produced above the surface of the liquid in
the bottle when a new spray may be produced by compressing the air
vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARETTES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1874.
I, JOHN MACINTOSH, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARETTES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture
of cigarettes, and consists in applying waterproof varnish to the ends of
the paper which the cigarettes are made from, and to prevent the paper
› becoming damp when smoking.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY COUPLINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Sterne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1874.-Partly a communication from abroad by Carl
Ludwig Horack, of New York, in the United States of America. :
I, LOUIS STERNE, of 9, Victoria Chambers, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY COUPLINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to those railway couplings in which the draw
head is formed at the front with a cavity to receive the coupling link of
the adjoining carriage, and in which by the entrance of the said link a
vertical bolt is freed from the device which holds it up, and immediately
falls into and secures the link. And the Invention consists of an
improved arrangement of the parts which hold up the said bolt, and
which steady the link when coupled.
According to one modification I employ a bar which passes trans-
versely through the draw head and carries at its middle a projection or
piece for holding up the bolt, and below this a depending portion formed
with one or more curved recesses. The ends of this bar work in curved.
slots in the sides of the draw head and are connected to the lower ends
of a pair of inclined arms or levers, the upper ends of which are pivoted
to the upper part of the draw head near the mouth.

page_text: According to another modification instead of using a transverse bar the
piece which holds up the bolt, together with the depending portion, are
formed on the front end of a bar which passes out at the upper part of
the draw head and is fixed to (or formed in a piece with) a pair of arms
or levers pivoted to the upper part of the draw head near the mouth.
In each case when the link of the adjoining carriage enters the draw
head it drives back the bar, causing it to rise on its pivots; the bolt,
being thus freed, at once falls into and secures the link, and the bar
then, by reason of its own weight and that of its arms, bears down upon
the inner end of and steadies the link, the curved recess before named
fitting upon the link. To uncouple it is only necessary to lift the bolt
out of the link; the link may then be withdrawn, and the bar, still by
reason of its own weight and that of its arms, will take up its first
position and will again hold up the bolt.
-
According to another arrangement I form the bolt with a vertical slot,
the top of which rests on a transverse pin; the said pin forming the
centre on which the bolt can swing. When the link strikes the bolt the
bolt swings out of the way and allows the link to pass, but immediately
resumes its normal position, and thereby enters and secures the link.
The slot in the bolt allows the latter to be lifted clear of the link when
the parts have to be uncoupled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLOUGHING AND PERFORMING OTHER AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Humber and William
Prowett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th September 1874.
We, WILLIAM HUMBER, of No. 20, Abingdon Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and WILLIAM PROWETT, of
Ladywell, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
PLOUGHING AND PERFORMING OTHER AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS," to be as
follows:- -
The object of this Invention is to produce a simple, cheap, and
efficient machine for ploughing, hoeing, and effecting other agricultural
operations by steam power without the aid of chains, cables, anchors, or
analogous implements, and in such manner as to obviate the employment
of signalmen, as required with machines of the class at present commonly

page_text: the main carriage or framing is jointed or pivoted a tool carrier frame,
which when the machine is in operation for cultivating purposes is
lowered nearly to the ground, but when not in use is by racks or pinions
or other suitable apparatus provided for the purpose, raised and retained
in a vertical position, or nearly so, on the main framing or carriage to 5
facilitate transport of the machine from place to place.
The tools we employ for ploughing, hoeing, or harrowing, are
constructed with a boss carrying blades or cutters and arranged to
rotate and to simultaneously travel in the direction of the longitudinal
axis of the boss, the latter motion being derived from a screw or screws 1
actuated through suitable connexions from the engine.
The tool may be arranged to cut in both directions. The form of tool
employed is varied according to the nature of the operation to be
performed and the character of the soil to be operated upon.
In some cases we may arrange the machine with two tool carrying 1
frames so as to cut simultaneously at two sides of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER HEATERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cass at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1874.
I, THOMAS CAss, of Little Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer and Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER
HEATERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in arranging and constructing the fire-bars so
that they shall have a continuous travelling motion on each side of the
fire. Each bar is nearly of a half moon shape, somewhat smaller than
half the width of the flue, and has in it a number of air spaces, and at the
bottom of each bar there arc teeth which when all the bars are in their
places form a continuous rack into which is geared a pinion to which a
slow revolving motion is given:
The bars when together appear like a horizontal apron; and when
the pinion revolves the chain of bars on one side travel horizontally
in one direction, and those on the other side in the reverse direction, and

page_text: so on continuously. The peculiar shape of the bars enables the ends of
the apron to be of a semicircular shape, so that the apron can travel at
each end as upon a centre; and when the bars are turning round this
centre at the bridge end of the fire the changing of the position of the
bars breaks up and shakes the fire.
The fuel is fed on one side from a hopper having a sliding door, which
can be raised more or less as required, and at the other side there is a
hinged chambered door which can be opened when required, but is to
be held by a latch when the bars are travelling; and at the side of the
chambered door there is a small hinged door or flap through which the
ashes escape, there being below the chambered door a fixed plate above
the bars which prevents the ashes from travelling onwards and guide
them to the small hinged door.
The segmental curves of the bars have recesses and projections so
that they interlock each other, at the same time allowing freedom for
changing their positions as they turn at the end of the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Harcourt Ivory at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th April 1874.
I, JAMES HARCOURT IVORY, of Palmerston Buildings, Old Broad
Street, in the City of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES," to be
as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the production of a horse-shoe of as
much strength as that now ordinarily used, which may be applied or
fastened to the hoof in the usual manner by nails, but which is so con-
structed as to prevent slipping, permit of the natural growth of the
frog," and of the free and proper use of the foot of the animal.
66
My improved horse-shoe is cast in malleable iron, and contains at the
toe, on that part of the surface of the shoe which touches the ground,
a cavity or receptacle in which hemp, jute, or other similar fibrous
material is placed and contained. The toe part of the shoe is in fact
made wider than in the common article, and this wide part is hollowed
out for the reception of a packing of fibrous material, which packing
prevents slipping. The shoe is made solid but is tapered down towards

page_text: the extremities. This shoe is furnished with a clip at the toe, as many or
most shoes are now so made, and holds for the nails, but the fastening
or securing the shoe to the hoof forms no part of my Invention, which
relates only to the so hollowing of the shoe so as to permit of the
reception of packing in the manner aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF PIPES FOR WATERING STREETS OR ROADS, AND FOR THE PURPOSES OF IRRIGATION
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1874.
I, ISAAC BROWN, of Elm Croft Grange, Edinburgh, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF PIPES FOR WATERING STREETS OR ROADS,
AND FOR THE PURPOSES OF IRRIGATION," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of pipes
for the purpose of conveying water for watering streets and roads, and
for the purposes of irrigation, and consists in the employment for this
purpose of an iron pipe, in which pipe at any required distances apart I
make openings or spaces, which openings or spaces I again close up with
rings or discs of lead or other metal which is not liable to corrode or
rust, such rings or discs being screwed or otherwise fastened into the
openings in the pipes made to receive them; these lead rings or discs are
perforated so as to allow the water in the pipes when under pressure to
flow through the perforations in minute streams. The pipe is embedded
in asphalte or other cement, and openings are left in the surface above
those portions of the pipe fitted with the perforated lead, as before

page_text: described. The portions of the pipe fitted with lead discs or sheets as
described are protected by shields, so formed as to allow the water
coming through the perforations to flow through openings in such
shields over the surface of the street to be cleansed or watered.
By the use of this Invention a pipe of a large size may be produced so
as to enable great lengths of streets to be watered at one operation, thus
economizing the manual labour employed in turning on the water.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WATERING THE FLOORS OF SHOPS AND WAREHOUSES, FOOT PATHS, PLATFORMS OF RAILWAY STATIONS, LAWNS, BOWLING GREENS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Silver Hall and Robert
McLeish at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th June 1874.
We, WILLIAM SILVER HALL, of Nuneaton, in the County of
Warwick, Mechanical and Consulting Engineer, and ROBERT M'LEISH,
the elder, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW
OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WATERING THE FLOORS OF SHOPS AND WAREHOUSES,
FOOT PATHS, PLATFORMS OF RAILWAY STATIONS, LAWNS, BOWLING GREENS, AND
FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of new or improved apparatus for watering
large surfaces, such as the floors of shops and warehouses, platforms of
railway stations, foot paths, lawns, bowling greens, and the like, the
parts of which apparatus are constructed and combined in the manner
herein-after described.
By the use of apparatus constructed according to our Invention the
tion of maken is affected in an easy and expeditious manner.

page_text: The said apparatus consists essentially of a vessel, by preference of a
cylindrical form, with its axis situated horizontally, the said vessel being
filled with water by an opening at top. Near the front lower edge of
the horizontal vessel and parallel therewith is a horizontal tube, by
which the water contained in the said vessel may be uniformly distributed
over the surface to be watered. The said tube is perforated along its
sides or bottom, and is furnished with a cock or valve or other similar
contrivance for regulating or shutting off the supply of water. The said
water vessel is carried by two side frames or cradles, the said frames
being supported on wheels. The said side frames are provided with
handles at back for directing and pushing or pulling the watering
apparatus along.
By means of taps or valves fixed in the vessel and distributing pipe
at the required levels any sediment or other obstruction that may
accumulate in the said vessel and pipe may be cleared out by blowing
through the said taps or valves.
By opening the tap or valve of the distributing pipe of the apparatus
and pushing or pulling the said apparatus along by its handles the water
issuing from the said pipe may be uniformly distributed about the
surface to be watered.
Our Invention may be modified in the following manner: -The vessel
containing the water may be fixed directly to the wheels by which it is
supported, the said vessel having on its ends axles or trunnions for
carrying the said wheels; and the handles for pushing or pulling and
guiding the apparatus are also fixed directly to the vessel.
By modifying the parts as last described the use of side frames or
cradles is dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE FOR THE FABRICATION OF CHLORIDE OF LIME AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1874. A communication from Robert Hasenclever, Director of
Chemical Works, "Rhenania," residing at Stolberg (Prussia).
I, FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth & Company, Patent Agency,
of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CHLORINE FOR THE FABRICATION OF CHLORIDE OF LIME AND SIMILAR PURPOSES," a
communication, to be as follows :-
In lieu of Deacon's method of decomposing by direct contact with
blue vitriol the gases developed by the decomposition of chloride of
alcalies and sulphuric acid, I previously separate from these gases
sulphuric acid, and then I bring pure hydrochloric acid or hydrochloric
acid nearly free from sulphuric acid in that part of the decomposer
that is destined to decompose the hydrochloric acid into chlorine and
water
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LADIES' BELTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Leslie Fyfe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th June 1874.
I, ALEXANDER LESLIE FYFE, of Aldersgate Street, in the Oity of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN LADIES' BELTS," to be as follows :-
1
My Invention relates to the manufacture of a cheap kind of lady's
belt which as now made are very flimsy and become worn out or easily.
broken after a very short time.
My Invention consists in making the belts of such a combination of
materials that I am enabled to combine cheapness with great strength,
the belts being virtually unbreakable.
-I-make the foundation of the belt of thicknesses of linen or cotton
cloth-and-paper-glued-or-pasted-together-until a suitable substance is
obtained. This fabric is then cut into strips of suitable width to form a
ני *

page_text: belt, and covered on one side with bookbinder's cloth in imitation of
leather to form the face, and on the other side with American or glazed
cloth which is made to overlap the edges and folded down and creased
by rollers in imitation of stitching. The buckle, eyelets, and other
appendages are then affixed to complete the belt as usual.
ARRANGEMENTS AND COMBINATIONS OF HOLLOW FIRE-BARS, HOLLOW BRIDGES, AND BOXES TO BE USED FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dawber at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1874.
I, JOHN DAWBER, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENTS AND COMBINATIONS OF HOLLOW FIRE-BARS, HOLLOW BRIDGES, AND
BOXES TO BE USED FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows
The object of this Invention is to heat the feed water of steam boilers
in a more effective and economical manner than has hitherto been
attained. For this purpose I use hollow fire-bars, and a hollow bridge
at the back, and a hollow box at the front, the bridge and box having
partitions so that the water shall circulate through one bar to the other
throughout the entire series before it enters the boiler. The feed is
supplied from a head of water or by injectors, pumps, or other well
known means, and enters at the front, and after circulating through the
bars enters the boiler if there is only one fluc, but if there are two or
more flues the water may circulate through the fire-bars of all the flues

page_text: or furnaces if desired, there being taps or valves to regulate the supply
and allow the circulation of the water through the bars and the boiler,
when the feed is more or less cut off by means of an overflow pipe in the
interior of the boiler. The ends of the bars are fastened into the bridge
and box by means of ferrules at both ends, or by ferrules at one end and
screws at the other, and the bars, bridge, and box are held in guides so
that they can be all readily fitted, removed, and replaced as required, and
also allow the expansion and contraction of the parts to take place with-
out any strain or prejudicial effect.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR CUTTING BUTTON HOLES AND SLITS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th January 1874.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Rhodes Goodwin, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR CUTTING BUTTON HOLES AND
SLITS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a simple instrument for the use of tailors,
dressmakers, boot and shoe makers, and others, for cutting button holes
or other slits in various kinds of fabrics or materials.
One arrangement of the device is illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of
the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 showing a face view, and Figure 2
a plan, while Figure 3 shows the sheath in which the instrument is
enclosed when not in use.
a is a thin blade of steel of angular form, sharpened at the point and
along the edges to penetrate and cut the fabric; b, b, are corrugations
formed on the blade a; c, hole for attaching the instrument to ribbon or
otherwise; d, adjustable gauge adapted to one of the edges, and graduated

page_text: to regulate the length of the button hole or slit, by making one or other
of the graduations to coincide with the edge of the device, and then
fixing it in position. The graduations may however be made on the
blade instead. The length of the button hole will be that of the base of
the isosceles triangle, formed by a line drawn at the edge of the gauge 5
parallel to the base 1, 2, of the instrument. e, e, are corrugations
formed on the gauge to correspond with and clip the corrugations 6 of
the instrument, so as to hold the gauge in any position; f, lug against
which the finger bears in cutting the button hole.
Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 show a modified arrangement of the instrument 1
in which neither the blade a nor the gauge is corrugated, but the blade
has a longitudinal slot 6 in which slide two lugs x, x, fixed at back of
gauge c. d, screw also passing through slot 6; and e, nut for fixing the
gauge in any desired position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BUTTER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bradford at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1874.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of 142 and 143, High Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex, and of the City of Manchester, Laundry Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHURNS OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BUTTER," to be as follows:
-
This Invention relates to improvements in churns or apparatus for
making butter, and these improvements consist in constructing the
churning apparatus of a square, oblong, or rectangular shaped vessel
(made of wood or any other suitable material) with its bottom fixed at
an angle of about 45 degrees with its sides or ends, and in applying
above the lower part of the said inclined bottom about one-third from
the end nearest to the bottom of the incline a "dash" of any suitable
shape and material, having a spindle through it and which is actuated
by an ordinary crank handle.

page_text: ""
the upper part of the said inclined bottom enables it in running back
down the incline to attain a very considerable force or momentum
which adds considerable effect to the concussive force of the "dash'
and thus more speedily and efficiently accomplishes the process of
churning.
AN IMPROVED COUPLING FOR DRIVING BELTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Griffin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1874.
I, THOMAS GRIFFIN, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Timber
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COUPLING FOR DRIVING BELTS," to be as follows:-
-:
The objects of this Invention are to provide a facile means of coupling
up the ends of driving belts, and to ensure the strength of such belts at
their couplings.
It is well known that driving belts will givo out when at work, and
this necessitates the taking up or tightening of the same to prevent
slipping on the belt pullies. The couplings also from being uneven on
their inner or friction surface cause a tremor in the running belt, and
thus put a strain upon the couplings which they cannot long resist. To
avoid this inconvenience and at the same time provide a ready means for
shortening the belt as it stretches or gives out I bend the ends of the
belt outwards and grip them between a pair of clamping plates of a
length equal to the width of the belt. To one of these plates I rivet

page_text: screwed pins, or loose screws may be used in place thereof. These pins
or screws I pass through the ends of the belt, and through holes made
in the corresponding clamping plate, and to the screws or screwed pins
I fit nuts which when turned will tighten up the clamp and grip the
ends of the belt firmly together.
screwed pins, or loose screws may be used in place thereof. These pins
or screws I pass through the ends of the belt, and through holes made
in the corresponding clamping plate, and to the screws or screwed pins
I fit nuts which when turned will tighten up the clamp and grip the
ends of the belt firmly together.
When a strain is put upon the belt in working the coupled part will
take shape from the driving pulley and there will be no internal pro-
jection on the belt to detract from the smoothness of its working.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR POLISHING FLOORS AND OTHER LIKE SURFACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th January 1874.-A communication from abroad by Sebastian
Jacobsohn, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineer.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR POLISHING FLOORS
AND OTHER LIKE SURFACES," a communication to me from abroad by
Sebastian Jacobson, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineer, to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to clean and dry rub floors and
similar surfaces in a more convenient, efficient, and expeditious manner,
and with less labour and fatigue than heretofore.
The machine or apparatus consists of a frame or stool upon which the
operator is seated, one side of which is supported on a roller which runs
along the flooring or other surface, the other side of which rests upon a
rubbing apparatus which dry rubs or polishes such flooring or surface.
The rubbing or polishing apparatus is composed of brushes connected
to a vertical shaft, so as to be capable of a certain amount of play, which

page_text: shaft is provided at its upper end with a bevel wheel in gear with a
bevel pinion carried on a horizontal shaft provided with handles, by the
aid of which the operator actuates the apparatus.
The horizontal shaft is carried in a support bolted to a base piece
which rests upon the frame or stool, and through which the vertical
shaft passes.
The brushes are attached to the vertical shaft by means of a wooden
sabot, to which they are secured by screws, and in such a manner that
the pressure of the sabot is imparted at the centre only of each brush,
whereby sufficient play is allowed to admit of the brushes readily
adjusting themselves to any inequalities of the surface. The sabot is
partially enclosed in a stirrup iron which is mounted on the lower
extremity of the vertical shaft, formed square for that purpose, a washer
with a curved or rounded surface being interposed between such sabot
and the under side of the stool.
The machine is operated in the following manner:-The operator
being seated on the frame or stool turns the handles, which through the
intervention of the bevel gearing imparts motion to the vertical shaft,
and through it to the brushes, which are thus caused to rotate around
that axis, whilst at the same time the weight of the operator. being
transmitted to the brushes they are caused to press upon the floor
or other surface, so that the place with which the brushes come in
contact will be thoroughly rubbed dry, cleaned, or polished, as may be
desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS TO BE APPLIED TO THE SURFACES OF SHIPS AND TO OTHER SURFACES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROTECTING THEM, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF SUCH COMPOSITIONS WHEN SO APPLIED
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sharp Cromartie Heywood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th January 1874.
I, JOHN SHARP CROMARTIE HEYWOOD, of Notting Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS TO BE APPLIED TO THE SURFACES OF SHIPS AND
TO OTHER SURFACES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROTECTING THEM, AND IN THE TREATMENT
OF SUCH COMPOSITIONS WHEN SO APPLIED," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in compositions to be
applied to various surfaces to protect them, and in the treatment of
such compositions when so applied. For this purpose I prepare a com-
position of graphite, or anthracite, or material of a like character
combined with solutions of asphaltum, pitch, tars, or bitumens of any
description in naptha or spirits of any kind capable of dissolving such
substances.
I apply the above composition to the surface to be protected in the
manner in which ordinary paint is applied, and when dry I polish the
surface of the composition by means of brushes or other soft rubbers,

page_text: By these means I obtain a kind of polished metallic surface to the article
to be protected.
The various materials named may be employed in different proportions
in the preparation of the composition, according to the use to which the
latter is to be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT IRON
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
May 1874.
I, WILLIAM HUNT, of the Shropshire Iron Works, Hadley, near
Wellington, in the County of Salop, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
WROUGHT IRON," to be as follows:-
4
My Invention consists in manufacturing wrought or homogeneous
iron by the combination of processes herein-after described, whereby
wrought or homogeneous iron of superior quality is obtained than can be
obtained by the ordinary method of manufacture.
In carrying my Invention into effect I take either pig iron, or cast
scrap iron, or refined iron, or a mixture of these, and melt it or them
in a cupola or furnace of a size proper to hold the charge to be operated
upon, say from one to twenty hundredweight. When the iron has been
melted it is run from the cupola into a converting furnace, in which it
is partly decarbonized.
°

page_text: The said converting furnace consists of a vessel having in it one or
more tuyeres opening near the bottom, which tuyeres are supplied with
blast of the required pressure. The charge of melted iron having been
run into the converting furnace the blast is allowed to blow through the
charge of iron a sufficient time to thoroughly boil the said iron. By
the action of the blast upon the melted iron the said iron is partly
decarbonized. The partly decarbonized iron is next run into a charcoal
fire, or into an ordinary puddling furnace, or into a furnace smaller than
the ordinary furnace in consequence of the smallness of the charge to be
operated upon.
The iron is treated in the said charcoal fire or puddling furnace or
small furnace in the same way as ordinary cast iron is treated in the
charcoal fire or puddling furnace for the purpose of converting it into
wrought or homogeneous iron. By this last treatment the convertion
of the iron into wrought or homogeneous iron is completed.
I prefer to operate upon a small charge of iron in the manner
AN IMPROVED BRACKET FOR CHECKING THE PICKER IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Buckley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
March 1874.
I, SAMUEL BUCKLEY, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
BRACKET FOR CHECKING THE PICKER IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows --
My Invention relates to the checking of the picker in looms for
weaving. After the requisite force or blow is obtained for picking the
rebound or jär is usually taken up by leather straps. These straps are
very costly at first and expensive to keep in proper condition, besides
they do not effectively check the jarring rebound caused by picking,
being checked at the opposite end of the spindle from that which
receives the blow or motion for picking. Thus the effect passes through
the whole loom, creating an unsteady wear and tear very injurious to
the loom and to the work done.
The object of my Invention is to remove these evils effectively at a
very small cost.

page_text: I fix to the frame of the loom in a convenient position, and as near as
may be required to the bowl and stud in the picking spindle, a bracket
(which I shall call a check pick bracket) faced with perforated leather
or other equivalent. This bracket is made and adjusted so as to receive
the spent force or jar of the bowl stud against the leather or other faced
cushion. I perforate the cushion facing of the bracket and thereby
create a lubricating medium for lubricating the bowl working against
the picking cam, as by fixing on the top of the bracket a reservoir or
oil cup a constant supply may be kept up.
A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS OF PRODUCING STEREOTYPE AND ELECTROTYPE PLATES OR BLOCKS FROM LITHOGRAPHIC STONES FOR LETTER-PRESS PRINTING AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Spears Johnston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th October 1874.
I, THOMAS SPEARS JOHNSTON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, Lithographer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS OF PRODUCING STEREOTYPE AND
ELECTROTYPE PLATES OR BLOCKS FROM LITHOGRAPHIC STONES FOR LETTER-PRESS
PRINTING AND SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
:-
This Invention which consists in producing stereotype and electrotype
plates or blocks from lithographic stones, has for its object to effect
economy and greater rapidity in the production of the same than obtains
under the systems hitherto adopted with reference to wood and zinc.
The subject after having been transferred to the stone in the manner
followed in lithographic printing, is "dusted" or sprinkled with
pulverised resin and thereafter "laid over "with nitric or other suitable
acid. The action of the acid presents the subject in relief, and the stone

page_text: is then ready to receive the plastic substance which is to form the
mould. Molten metal is run into the said mould and when cold is
taken out in the form of a stereotype plate or block, or an electrotype
plate may be taken therefrom which is ready for the printing press.
The extent of relief of the subject is governed by the class of work
required, and may be increased by a second application of the resin and
acid. The subject may be now removed and the stone prepared for a
new one by planing and smoothing. The thinness of the plates necessary
where zinc is employed precludes their being used for more than one
subject, and is moreover a source of trouble on account of the complicated
nature of the acids and the caution necessary to prevent the access of
the acid to the back of the plate and the materials and time occupied in
producing the etching, render the process costly, whereas the cost of
the stones and acid used in this Invention is comparatively small and
the rapidity great.
The production of stereotype and electrotype plates or blocks from
woodcuts, may by means of this Invention be dispensed with, as not only
is it difficult to obtain therefrom such perfection as is required, but the
time employed in engraving the subject will be saved.