matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW- CUTTING LATHES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Gimson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1863.
I, JOSIAH GIMSON, of the Town and County of Leicester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW-
CUTTING LATHES," to be as follows:-
My improvements, which relate to screw-cutting lathes, consist in so con-
structing, fitting, and applying parts to such lathes, that a tool or tools aro
applied to the operation of cutting the thread or threads of screws while the
screw under operation is being rotated in either direction, that is to say, the
screw will be cut by a tool or tools actuated and advancing in the ordinary
manner, as also (while such ordinary tool is being run backwards and the
screw under operation is rotated in the opposite direction), by another tool or
tools thrown in during the time the first-named tool or tools is out of action;
thus the operation of cutting the screw may be said to be continuous, and the
time in running back the saddle is not lost as in the ordinary manner. For
this purpose I prefer to mount the tools, say one, in front of the metal or
cylinder to be operated on as usual, and another at the back, but so combined
or connected and placed in relation to each other that when the one tool is
thrown into action the other is thrown out. Instead of the reverse cuttin
tool being at the back as mentioned, it may be in front (in this ca e the
direction of the cutting edge will be inverted) or in other desired position, and
may, with the other tool, oscillate on a fulcrum for the reverse cut in manner

page_text: similar to reverse cutting tools in a planing machine. In order that the tools
may act in conjunction and move in and out of gear at the proper times, I so
combine and connect the reversing gear of the lathe with them that the act of
reversing the motion of the lathe at same time withdraws the one tool from
action and throws the other in, or it may be that the act of withdrawing the
one tool and throwing in of the other will have the effect of reversing the
motion of the lathe. One movement of the band gear or self-acting gear
being sufficient to reverse the entire operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA-RUBBER OVERSHOES OR GOLOSHES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lucien Lescuyer, of Paris, 2, Carrefour de l'Obser-
vatoire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA-RUBBER OVERSHOES
OR GOLOSHES."
Sealed the 23rd June 1868, and dated the 18th January 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lucien Lescuyer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1863.
I, LUCIEN LESCUYER, of Paris, 2, Carrefour de l'Observatoire, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA-RUBBER
OVERSHOES OR GOLOSHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in india-rubber overshoes
or goloshes, and consists in the complete suppression of that which in an
ordinary india-rubber overshoe or golosh constitutes the heel and waist, leaving
the overshoe or golosh consisting only of the front half of the sole with its
upper. The upper is made to come up very high, and terminates at the sides
in two eyelets, each fitted with two double buttons serving as pivots for two
bands of elastic india-rubber fabric which serve the same purpose as the
straps of skates, that is to say, the said bands attach the overshoe or. golosh

page_text: securely to the foot, the bands being crossed one over the other behind the
heels; I also, according to my Invention, line or trim the improved india-
rubber overshoe or golosh with fur or the skins of animals with the hair on,
and this part of my Invention is also applicable to india-rubber overshoes or
goloshes of other construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING HORSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
. 1863.
I, HUGH SMITH, of No. 3, Regent's Park Terrace, Gloucester Gate, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING HORSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for feeding
horses. It is usually the practice, when feeding horses, to place the whole of
a "feed" into the mangers at one time, by which not only are horses enabled
to eat the food too fast, but some portion of their food is generally wasted by
being driven out of the manger, whilst other parts of the food are blown upon
and mixed with the saliva of the horses, and from these causes becomes dis-
tasteful and offensive to them. Now, my Invention consists in arranging and
applying apparatus to mangers, or to the troughs or vessels where horses are
fed, in order that the food may be gradually supplied during a measured time
to such mangers, troughs, or vessels, and so as to allow and ensure a
reasonable time for the horses to eat their food. From these means there
will be found to result not only a saving in the quantity of food supplied to
horses, but the food actually eaten by them will be more beneficial to their
health and condition than when pursuing the practice which now generally
prevails of supplying the whole of a meal at once.
The arrangement of apparatus employed in carrying out my Invention may
be varied, but it is preferred to have a tube or shoot to each manger or vessel
descending from a hopper or other containing vessel, wherein the quantity of

page_text: food for a feed is placed, and from which it is allowed to descend into the
manger, trough, or vessel, the descent or speed of supply being regulated by
a valve or slide, or other instrument, the action of which may be regulated
by a falling weight or spring, or by other suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dannatt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th September
1863.
I, JAMES DANNATT, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Plumber, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of apparatus
whereby the wort obtained in the process of brewing and other hot liquids can
be expeditiously and economically cooled.
The apparatus consists of a receptacle or reservoir divided internally by
means of spiral diaphragms into two portions or chambers, one of which opens
into or commences at a cistern at the exterior of the receptacle or reservoir
and terminates at the centre of the same, where an exit pipe is provided, the
other portion or chamber commencing near the centre of the receptacle or
reservoir where it is provided with a supply pipe and terminating with an exit
spout or pipe.
The apparatus thus constructed consists in fact of two spiral chambers each
of which is unconnected with the other.
The apparatus is constructed of metal, and by reason of its form affords a
great extent of surface as compared with its cubical capacity, the superficial
extent being employed for refrigerating purposes as follows:-The wort or
other hot liquid which it is desired to cool is introduced into the cistern before
mentioned, whence it flows through the spiral chamber until it reaches the
centre of the receptacle or reservoir, whence it is allowed to escape by the exit

page_text: pipe. Simultaneously with the admission of the hot wort or liquid cold water
is admitted into the other spiral chamber at that portion thereof which is near
the centre of the receptacle or reservoir, the cold water thus admitted
traversing the last-mentioned spiral chamber in a direction opposite to
that taken by the hot wort or liquid, the latter being thereby cooled while
the water ultimately escapes by the exit spout or pipe provided for that
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPING THE SUPPLY OF GAS TO BURNERS WHEN THE LIGHT IS PUT OUT
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Drummond at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 81st
January 1863.
I, WILLIAM DRUMMOND, of the Bank of England, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPING
THE SUPPLY OF GAS TO BURNERS WHEN THE LIGHT IS PUT OUT," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for stopping the
supply of gas to burners when the light is put out. For these purposes the
continued supply of gas is made to depend on the heat of the burner or of part
of the apparatus by which the supply of gas is governed, and such heat is
caused to act on the valve of the instrument by which the supply of gas is
allowed or prevented by means of expanding air or it may be gas confined
within a suitable chamber or space either contiguous to the burner; or like
arrangements may be made on the supply pipe contiguous to the main or in
any other convenient position. It is preferred in all cases to employ an inverted
cup or hollow vessel with its inverted edges dipping in quicksilver so as to
enclose a quantity of air, so that when the gas flowing through the burner has
been lighted for a short time, and the air expanded, the inverted vessel will be
raised, and by being raised will keep open the supply passage leading to the
burner, but should the lighted gas be put out the cooling of the air will allow the
inverted vessel to descend and thus close, or be the cause of closing, the supply
passage, or in place of using an inverted vessel the confined air may be caused
to act on a moveable, flexible, or other suitable surface, and thus produce a

page_text: like result. When the Invention is applied near the gas main or on any con-
venient part of the supply pipe, the supply of gas will depend on the burning
of a jet of gas in that locality. In order to light the gas at a burner the
inverted vessel or other arrangement of apparatus acted on by the confined air
or gas is arranged to be readily acted on by hand, so as to allow gas to flow to
the burner and be lighted, till the heat thereby communicated to the confined
air is sufficient to act in keeping open the supply passage to the burner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING HARD SUBSTANCES, FOR WASHING ORES AND MINERALS, AND FOR SEPARATING EARTH AND EARTHY MATTER FROM SOLID SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Charles Phillip Hoffmann
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd September 1863.
I, FREDERICK CHARLES PHILLIP HOFFMANN, of Newgate Street, in the City
of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING HARD SUBSTANCES, FOR WASHING ORES
AND MINERALS, AND FOR SEPARATING EARTH AND EARTHY MATTER FROM SOLID
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in crushing machines consist in the employment of two
segmental shaped beams, in the faces of which I let in steel or other hard
metal crushing blocks; between these beams I place a roller, and let in similar
blocks on two opposite faces thereof. I connect the roller by jointed rods to a
crank, and communicate a rocking motion to the roller. Upon the wearing of
any of the crushing blocks they can be removed, and other blocks may be
substituted for them.
My improvements in machinery for washing and for separating consist in
hanging tables or troughs, such as are now in use, or others, and over or
through which a current of liquid is caused to flow to carry away the earthy
and other light matters in manner hereafter described.
I am aware such tables have been made to jog and vibrate, but always in a
more or less complete, and never in a sufficiently satisfactory manner.

page_text: Now my Invention consists in suspending the tables upon links of the same
length, or nearly so, as a pendulum which would beat the same or nearly the
same number of vibrations as are desired for the tables, and I cause the
vibration of the tables by an excentric or cam motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR MARINE AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hermann Stübbe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th March 1863.
I, WILLIAM HERMANN STUBBE, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR MARINE AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in a peculiar construction of hanging shaft carrying
the governor balls and driven from above, and also in fitting such hanging
governor in gimbals or an universal joint, so that it may always hang vertical
notwithstanding the motion of the ship or vessel, the gearing that rotates said
governor always remaining properly in contact, and hence the governor is
rendered as efficient in regulating the speed of a marine engine as of a
stationary engine.
In the accompanying Drawing a represents a suitable frame; b, the driving
pulley; c, a ring or gimbal set so as to swing on the shaft e and a stud d; fis
a yoke attached by and swinging on the shaft g that passes across the ring c;
h, i, and k, are gears communicating motion to the vertical shaft / that carries
the slings m to the governor balls n; I prefer that there should be four of
these; and o is a ball at the lower end of to keep said shaft vertical. The
links p from m connect to a ring around 1, which is provided with a pin u

page_text: passing through a slot in and taking a pin r within this shaft 7, which is
hollow for its reception; s is a rod connecting to the throttle or other cut-off
valve as usual. This governor will always hang vertically and act on the
supply of steam according to the speed of the engine. The rods r and s may
be separate, as shown, or united by an universal joint.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING CARD TEETH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Barlow, James Newhouse,
Francis Hamilton, and William Hope at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th June 1863.
We, EDWARD BARLOW, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, JAMES NEWHOUSE, of Farnworth, near Bolton, aforesaid, Manager,
FRANCIS HAMILTON, Foreman, and WILLLAM HOPE, Carder, both of Bolton,
aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING CARD TEETH," to be as follows:-
Our improvements are particularly applicable for grinding the main
cylinders and doffers of carding engines, and consist of an emery roller of the
length of the card to be ground, and furnished with one or more spiral grooves
extending from one end of the roller to the other, or instead of making
grooves in the emery rollers the emery may be laid on in spiral bands. The
emery rollers are applied to the surface of the main cylinder and doffer, and
the surfaces of the emery rollers are made to revolve at a greater speed than
the surfaces of the main cylinder and doffer; by this means the card teeth of
the main cylinder and doffer or other roller are ground to a fine needle point,
and the dust and other impurities are removed or stripped from them.
Emery rollers of the above improved construction may be applied to
grinding machines for grinding the teeth of workers, clearers, and other
rollers and top flats.
THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF GASSES TO AID IN THE LIGHTING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, SEPARATELY OR CONJOINTLY, OMNIBUSSES, OR OTHER CARRIAGES, SHIPS, STEAM BOATS, OR OTHER SUCH LIKE VESSELS, LIGHTHOUSES, OR OTHER PLACES WHERE PORTABLE GAS APPARATUS MAY BE REQUIRED
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Bevan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
his Petition, on the 25th
November 1863.
I, EDWARD BEVAN, of No. 29, Argyle Street, Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester, Watch and Clock Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF GASSES TO
AID IN THE LIGHTING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, SEPARATELY OR CONJOINTLY,
OMNIBUSSES, OR OTHER CARRIAGES, SHIPS, STEAM BOATS, OR OTHER SUCH LIKE
VESSELS, LIGHTHOUSES, OR OTHER PLACES WHERE PORTABLE GAS APPARATUS MAY
BE REQUIRED," to be as follows:--
My Invention consists in the peculiar mode of manufacturing gasses as the
carriages travel, with a view to keep a regular pressure on the hydrogen gas,
which is made in a generator attached under the carriage and conveyed to
the receiver, from whence it is distributed to the different burners, as also
in ships, steam vessels, and other places in which portable gasses are
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fyfe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th January
1863.
I, JAMES FYFE, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Brass Founder and Valve Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS FOR STEAM BOILERS," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a combination of apparatus comprising various
details relating to the safe working of steam boilers, and a principal object is
to render the whole self-contained and in a compact form, capable of easy
adaptation to any boiler and requiring the fewest possible connections.
In one modification of the apparatus there is a chest of a rectangular or
other convenient form arranged to be secured to the outside of the boiler in such
a position that the proper water surface line may cross it at about the middle
of its height. A pipe and stop-cock connection is formed between the top of
this chest and the steam space of the boiler, and a similar connection is formed
between the bottom of the chest and the water space of the boiler. The water
level in the chest will thus be the same as in the boiler. To the front of and
communicating with the chest there is applied a glass level or gauge tube of
the ordinary kind with a blow-off cock at the bottom. To the upper part of the
chest there is fitted a pressure gauge of any convenient kind, whilst upon the
top of the chest there is fitted an alarm whistle or other convenient alarm
instrument arranged to be worked by steam. The bottom of the chest is

page_text: provided with a valve seat upon the inlet opening of the water connection
with the boiler, and a valve to close this opening is suspended to a float inside
the chest. A rod passes upwards from this float, and its upper end is shaped
to close the opening communicating with the alarm above. The float rod is
also jointed to a lever centred on a stud or arm, and from the opposite end of
this lever there is suspended a second float which is altogether in the steam
when the water level is at its proper height. If the water level becomes too
low the alarm valve is opened by the descent of the lower float, and if the
water level rises it first closes the alarm valve by the buoyant action of the
lower float, but on its rising so high as to act on the upper float the action
is reversed and the alarm valve is opened as before. Another valve is arranged
in connection with the alarm, and this valve is loaded to the pressure which it
is wished not to exceed, so that on that pressure being passed the steam passes
through the valve and sounds the alarm. The alarm may also at any time be
sounded by hand by shutting off the water connection cock and opening the
gauge blow-off cock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND PROCESS FOR REDUCING WOOD TO A FIBEROUS CONDITION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER-STUFF OR PULP
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Heinrich Roeckner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st January 1863.
I, CARL HEINRICH ROECKNER, of Richmond Terrace, Clapham Road, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND PROCESS FOR REDUCING WOOD TO A
FIBEROUS CONDITION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER-STUFF OR PULP," to be
as follows:-
The improved machinery consists of a cylinder or cylinders mounted in
suitable bearings, and having the external surfaces cut, roughed, or pointed
similar to that of a rasp or file, or saw teeth, or a number of cylindrical rasps
or files fixed to a suitable centre, and mounted so as to rotate upon an axis;
or a number of circular saws placed side by side so as to form a cutter; or
stone cylinders or grindstones, against which the wood is placed with the
fibre running at right angles or nearly so with the axis of the said cylinders,
and parallel with the cylindrical surfaces.
The process consists in placing the log (without its being necessary to cut
it into short lengths) upon the surface of the cylinder, and causing it to move
longitudinally forwards or backwards, or both ways alternately upon rollers or
other suitable bearers capable of being adjusted as required, while the log or
wood is being reduced.

page_text: This improvement in the process saves the labour and expense of cutting
into blocks, while it reduces the wood regularly in a longitudinal direction
from one end to the other, and so produces a paper-stuff or pulp having a
long fibre or staple (water being used, except with the cylindrical saw cutters,
where it may be dispensed with, and dry pile to be afterwards triturated or
pulped, and bleached and sized in the usual way) is produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR TILLING AND CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Puddefoot, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
• 1863.
I, MICHAEL PUDDEFOOT, of Blisset Street, Greenwich, in the County of
Kent, Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR TILLING AND CULTIVATING LAND," to be
as follows:-
My improved apparatus for tilling land consists of a truncated cone-like
piece forming the body of the implement; this is mounted on an axis and in
a suitable frame, so as to turn in a rolling direction while passing over the
ground, the frame is furnished with handles to guide it like an ordinary
plough, and a beam shaft or parts to apply the tractive force. On the cone
piece or body, at the large end, I fix in radial positions what I term curved
coulters or tines, pointed and sharp on the one edge and thick on the other
edge or back; on the other end of cone piece I mount in similar radial posi-
tions a series of what I term shares, being spade-like instruments, which are
set at an angle to the axis, and so as in revolving to throw the soil on one
side, that is, in the direction of the length of the cone axis, and so form a
kind of furrow, one, two, or more rows (in a circular direction) may be
applied towards each end of the cone piece. This implement in rolling over
the ground causes the tines or coulters to enter and stir and break up the
soil, while at same time the spades or shares form the furrow. The tine and
spades act on different parts of the soil at same time, the tines during one

page_text: traverse of the implement, loosening and lightening the soil to be operated on
in the subsequent traverse by the spades.
Instead of a conical body, or centre piece, it may be in portions of cylindrical
form, being large at one end and small at the other, as before described. I
apply clearing teeth to the frame to enter between the tines and shares to
keep them clear of matters liable to accumulate on the revolving cone piece or
centre. I sometimes combine a drill with this implement, which is mounted
on same framework and actuated by it so as to sow seed simultaneously with
the other operations on the land; it of course follows behind the rotating
cultivator. I sometimes apply bearing wheels to the implement to regulate
the depth of the tines or instruments and to lead or guide them over the
ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA- BATUS EMPLOYED IN THE DRESSING OF LACE OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cox Stretton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1863.
I, THOMAS COX STRETTON, of the Firm of T. C. Stretton and Company, of
Old Basford, in the County of Nottingham, Lace Dressers, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
BATUS EMPLOYED IN THE DRESSING OF LACE OR OTHER FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
I employ two rails which lie parallel to and over the two side rails of a
dressing frame, and are provided at each end with a swivel frame or bearing,
each bearing carrying two pulleys or rollers, which run upon the upper
side of the rails of the dressing frame. Each of these bearings also carries
a roller which bears against the outside of the rails. In the part of the
bearings above the first-named rails a provision is made to allow of two
other rails sliding within the bearings, one end of each of the two last-
named rails is attached to the swivel of the bearings, the other end of
the rails slides in the other two bearings, so that as the dressing frame is
narrowed or widened the two first-named rails will lie upon the rails of the
dressing frame. Running upon the upper pair of rails are a pair of trucks,
which support a frame carrying a box or trough, to one side of which a number
of stop-cocks are secured, the other end of the stop-cocks is attached to the
outer one of two pipes lying one within the other. There is a cap at one end
of the outer pipo which unscrews, so that the interior of the pipes may bo

page_text: readily washed out; the other end of the pipe has a cap attached to the inner
pipe, so that the inner pipe may be turned round to regulate the flow of the
starch or other "dressing" liquid "placed in the trough or box above-named.
The outer pipe is pierced with holes, through which the "dressing" liquid
flows on to a strip of flannel or other suitable material, whence it drips on to a
roller, which is nearly of the same width as is the distance between the upper
rails; this roller is capable of being raised by a lever at either end or at both
ends. When a piece of lace or other fabric has been supplied with the
"dressing" liquid for the same length as the width of the roller, the rails and
apparatus are then moved to the extent of the length so dressed, and the next
length of lace or other fabric is then dressed. The roller trough and perforated
pipe with their appliances are moved from side to side of the dressing frame
by a handle attached to the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. MICROMETER DRAUGHTING SCALES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Lyman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1869.
I, JOSIAH LYMAN, of Thavies Inn, in the City of London, Civil Engineer,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
MICROMETER DRAUGHTING SCALES," to be as follows:-.
The instrument which forms the subject of the present Invention is made
Ly preference of metal, and of either a triangular or quadrangular form; it
has therefore three or four faces on which may be accurately engraved three,
To one or both ends of the instrument is a
four, six, or eight different scales.
micrometer attachment, whereby the divisions on the scales may be subdivided.
into tenths, hundredths, or thousandths. A zero piece is connected to the
micrometer attachment, so that by turning the micrometer screw or wheel,
which is divided on its periphery, any portion or part of a division or degree
ou the scale may be marked down with accuracy. The micrometer arrange-
ment consists mainly of a split scrow which works in a nut fixed inside the scale
tube. The thread of the screw is made to correspond with one of the divisions
of one of the scales on the scale tube, so that one whole revolution of the
screw tube shall be equal to one division of the scale. A number of separate
micrometer circles or wheels corresponding to the different scales are exchange-
able one with the other, so that every scale may have its own micrometer
arrangement adapted to it. In order to hold the parts steady while the
micrometer wheels are being changed, a pin is inserted through a hole in the

page_text: scale and screws. This improved scale may be adapted to a T-square and
made to act as a sliding scale thereon by connecting the two instruments
together by means of a sliding spring attachment, the ends of which are
inserted into holes in the ends of the scale tube. When one edge of
the scale is brought against one side of the T-square a projecting lip
forming part of the spring attachment is dropped over the opposite side of
the T-square, and holds the two temporarily together.
A NEW METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR ENABLING THE POINTS ON RAILWAYS TO BE SHIFTED BY AN ATTENDANT IN THE TRAIN WHILE THE TRAIN IS IN MOTION
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Cassel Pratt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1863.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS CASSEL PRATT, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth,
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR ENABLING THE POINTS ON RAILWAYS TO BE SHIFTED
BY AN ATTENDANT IN THE TRAIN WHILE THE TRAIN IS IN MOTION," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to enable the engine driver or guard to shift
the points while the train is in motion without the aid of a pointsman. My
Invention consists of an iron plate or bar fixed in a frame, at the centre
rising above the surface, gradually sloping off at the ends, having a weight
attached to one end resting on a block to prevent jar in the rise and fall.
This plate or bar is attached by a crank to an iron rod; the other end of the
iron rod acts by means of another crank upon a shifting rail, between which and
the main rail is a groove to receive stones and other obstructions which might
otherwise impede the motion or prevent its action. Connected with the
engine, trucks, and carriages, is a small wheel or wheels under the control of
the engine driver or guard by means of a handle. When it is required to
move the train to a siding or to another line the guard, if the train is being

page_text: backed, or the engine driver if it be going forward, by moving the handle
attached to the small wheel or wheels will cause pressure to be made on the
iron plate or bar, which, by means of the rod, opens the shifting rail. After
the train has passed the rail will return to its former position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISH COVERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Busby Fox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
April 1868.
I, HOWARD BUSBY Fox, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISH COVERS,"
to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object a novel and useful description of portable
folding covers for dishes and plates, so constructed that they can be readily
turned or folded to one side for the purpose of getting at the contents of the
dishes on which they are placed without removing the covers therefrom.
These improved covers are constructed of any number of scales or pieces,
formed by preference, when for round dishes, from sections of a hollow semi-
sphere, connected together at the points by a joint, in such a way that the
scales or plates of the cover will fold into or over each other. An oval dish
cover can be formed from scales or pieces which are portions of a semi-oval or
compressed semi-sphere. The shape of the scales or pieces from which the
covers, both for round and oval dishes, are formed, may be of other shapes.
than those partaking of the arch, and the covers may be constructed of other.
forms than round or oval, and they may be made to open from the centre,.
folding down on each side of the dish; and oblong covers may be formed. to
open either longitudinally or transversely, as desired.
In some cases it is proposed to attach the covers to the dishes by spring
clips, or in any other convenient way.
Dish covers constructed according to this Invention can be made of any

page_text: suitable metal or combination of metals, with solid perforated gauze wire, or
other descriptions of plain or ornamental scales or pieces; or they may be
formed from earthenware or other suitable material or combination of
materials.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LAYING AND SUPPORTING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Norton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th Sep-
tember 1863.
I, WILLIAM NORTON, of Holly Bank, near Arva, in the County of Cavan,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LAYING AND SUPPORTING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in attaching buoys or other buoyant supports by
loops, chains, or otherwise to submarine telegraph cables. The size and
distance apart of the buoys or supports must be regulated by the weight of
the cable, and should be such as will keep the cable in the still water between
the upper and the under current of the sea. The cable is thus protected
from injury by rubbing against rocks or the bottom of the sea, and from the
pressure of its own weight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFAC- TURING GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED. THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Samuel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July 1863.
I, JAMES SAMUEL, of 26, Great George Street, Westminster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFAC-
TURING GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED.
THEREWITH," to be as follows:
This Invention consists of a peculiar arrangement of apparatus for feeding
or supplying hydrocarbon oil, water, or other liquid to a retort for the pur-
pose of generating gas or vapour. And in carrying out my Invention I form
a certain rectangular, circular, or other form of cistern for holding the liquid,
and I connect to this system a regulating chamber or receptacle, in which I
place a float with a conical spindle valve attached to its centre; this valve
opens and closes the inlet aperture as the float rises and falls, admitting the
liquid from the cistern to the regulating chamber, and thus keeping the liquid
in the regulating chamber at a uniform level, the liquid is conducted by a pipe
from the regulating chamber to a well or receptacle considerably below the
bottom of the red-hot retort to which the well or receptacle is attached. The
heat from the retort, and the fire acting upon the liquid in the well under and
attached to the retort, generates vapour, which vapour rises and passes through
the retort and becomes decomposed into a permanent gas. The liquid feed
inlet from the regulating chamber to the retort is very small, but that end
of the feed pipe or well nearest the retort is made large and placed in a ver-
ticle or inclined position; after the gas has issued from the retort it may be

page_text: washed by passing it through water or other liquid, or the gas may pass direct
from the retort to two gas regulators, and then to the burners for consumption.
The first gas regulator regulates the pressure in the retort, and is formed like
a small gas holder made to hold one foot or more of gas, and is so constructed
that as it fills with gas the top of the holder receives more weight, and it
gradually increases the pressure in the retort, driving the liquid further away
from the red-hot part of the retort, thus making less gas; as the top of the
holder falls the pressure decreases, consequently the liquid rises higher in the
retort and more gas is generated. The second gas regulator is of the usual
description for regulating the pressure of gas to burners; by this arrangement
a large gas holder may be dispensed with. The gas generated by this process
may, if required, have its illuminating power increased by mixing it at the
point of combustion with the vapour from volatile hydrocarbon oils, and the
small vessels placed at the different points of combustion to contain the bydro-
carbon oil, for carburrating the gas, will serve as a receiver for any condensed
vapour that may form in the gas pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AND OTHER SPRINGS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Taylor Holden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd July 1863.
I, ANDREW TAYLOR HOLDEN, of the Firm of Lawson and Holden, of Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AND OTHER
SPRINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to springs of the kind called elliptical
springs, which springs are commonly employed for connecting carriages with
their axles, but are or may be employed for other purposes. In the ordinary
method of making the said springs, the ends of the inner plates (commonly
called the back plates) are connected together by a hinge joint, the outer
portions of the said joint being formed by welding.
My Invention consists in making the hinge joint of the said elliptical springs
in the following manner:-The ends of both the inner or back plates to be
connected together are rolled into a tubular form; portions are cut away from
the middle of one of the tubular ends and from the sides of the other tubular
end so as to permit of the insertion of the last-described end into the cut-away
portion of the former. The two ends are connected by a cylindrical core
passed through their tubular portions, upon which core the said tubular por-
tions move when the spring changes its figure. The said core is made by
preference of gun metal. In the axis of the core is a hole through which a

page_text: screw bolt passes, by screwing a nut on which the parts of the joint are held
together.
Elliptical springs made according to my Invention have a larger wearing
surface than ordinary elliptical springs, and are casier in action and more
durable. Owing to the absence of welding in the joint they are less liable to
accident than those of the ordinary kind.
Although I have only described my Invention as applied to elliptical springs
for carriages, yet my Invention is applicable to other kinds of springs for
carriages as well as to springs used for other purposes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Vickers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th August
1863.
I, EDWARD VICKERS, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of steel relates to that
process of manufacture in which the molten iron is decarburetted by means
of a blast of air, which is forced under pressure beneath the surface of the
molten metal, and in so doing combines with the carbon contained in the
molten mass, and burns it away. In decarburetting iron by this process it
is found absolutely necessary to arrest the operation prematurely, otherwise
the iron becomes burned and the product much detoriorated in value. When
the mass has been sufficiently decarburetted it is usually run into moulds or
cast into ingots, but the result is by no means satisfactory, as the mass is not
homogeneous.
The object of the present Invention is to continue the operation of heating
the iron in such a manner that a perfectly homogenoeus mass of the desired
quality may be obtained. This is effected by running the molten mass out of
the decarburetting vessel (after it has been sufficiently decarburetted), into
another vessel or furnace, where the heating operation is continued for some
time until the conversion is completed, and the mass, when run out, will be
perfectly, solid and compact, and free from air holes, bubbles, or blisters.
THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW OR IMPROVED FABRIC AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE FOUNDATION OF ORNAMENTS FOR FIRE-STOVES AND OTHER DECORATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1863.
I, THOMAS TAYLOR, of No. 7, Wellington Row, Bethnal Green, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW OR IMPROVED FABRIC AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE
FOUNDATION OF ORNAMENTS FOR FIRE-STOVES AND OTHER DECORATIVE PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of a slight woven fabric of
dressed, polished, or stiffened cotton yarn or thread, or other suitable material,
which fabric when cut into strips presents a fringe, formed by the weft
material on each side of the body or warp which lies down the centre. I then
twist this slight double fringe, which imparts to it a light feathery appearance,
and apply it to the formation of ornaments for fire-stoves and other decorative
purposes. I sometimes crimp the material which forms the fringe either before
or after it is woven. It will be evident that a great variety of of patterns
may be produced by introducing various colours and materials in juxta-
position for the warp or weft. Although I prefer to make the fabric in a
wide width, say from 20 to 30 inches, and afterwards cut it into strips, yet a
double fringe of the same nature may be produced singly, and it may or may
not be cut. Or the fringe may be formed of the warp threads instead of the
weft thread, in which case the fabric is cut into strips from selvage to selvage,

page_text: instead of lengthways. Or instead of being woven, a fringe similar in appearance
may be produced by cementing a thread or threads of any suitable material at
certain distances across the warp, which when cut from selvage to selvage
forms the fringe.
In manufacturing an ornament from the above-mentioned material, I
prefer to use a piece of card-board or other suitable material cut to any
desired pattern, the edge of which I slit up at certain distances, and into
these slits I insert the ends of the material for forming the ornament, which
may thus be quickly arranged without the use of paste, gum, or thread.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CON- DENSING AND PURIFYING THE FUMES AND GASES ARISING FROM THE TREATMENT OF METALS AND METALLIC ORES AND SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Martyn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
October 1863.
I, RICHARD MARTYN, of the Firm of Martyn, Dennis, and Company, of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Mineral and Metal Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CON-
DENSING AND PURIFYING THE FUMES AND GASES ARISING FROM THE TREATMENT OF
METALS AND METALLIC ORES AND SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in condensing and purifying the above-named gases
and fumes by exposing them to or passing them over hydrated oxide of iron or
other oxide, whether natural or artificial.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND RIVETTING METALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Livingstone at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1863.
I, WILLIAM LIVINGSTONE, of 51, Glengall Road, Poplar, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND RIVETTING METALS," to
be as follows:-
A certain class of machines, known as lever presses, are at present in very
extensive use for punching and shearing metals. The power of such machines'
can be increased to any extent by making the lever of any length, which, of
course, necessitates an increase in the dimensions of all parts of the machine
and of the machine itself, especially in its length to a very great extent.
My Invention is to produce a very large amount of power by means of
compound levers, so arranged that such a machine will unite with great power
the greatest compactness, and require less space than any other machine for
the same purpose and of the same power. A vertical working lever set in
motion on one end of its fulcrum by means of a crank, eccentric, cam, or any
other mechanical arrangement, produces on the other end of its fulcrum a
horizontal reciprocating motion of a connecting piece, both ends of which are
connected with the end of two bell-crank levers, and the other end of the
bell-crank lever moves the slides on which the punches, shears, or dies for
rivetting are fastened. The pendulum motion of the vertical lever will thus

page_text: be transformed in a vertical reciprocating motion of the slides, and one slide
will go down when the other goes up, so that the machine will be a double-
acting one, if one of the bell-crank levers be disconnected from the slide
by means of sliding blocks, or any other mechanical arrangement.
AN IMPROVED ALARUM APPARATUS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Portlock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1863.
I, JOHN PORTLOCK, of Hampstead Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ALARUM APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of an improved alarum apparatus has for its object to con-
struct an alarum apparatus which will be set in action by pulling any one of
many strings or wires that may be attached to it, and which may be arranged
in any way across paths or ways, or connected to doors or gates, so that the
intrusion of any unauthorized people will set the alarum in action and be at
once known. The alarum consists mainly of a barrel something like a pistol
barrel, which may be charged with powder in the usual way. The lower end
of the barrel is provided with a nipple on which a percussion cap may be
placed. This nipple is placed in a recess in an enlargement or block at the
end of the barrel. The hammer or instrument for exploding the cap is com-
posed of a block with a projecting piece which is inserted in the recess where
the percussion cap is placed. The apparatus is suspended by a movable clip
piece or fork from a bracket, which may be secured in any convenient place.
A groove is cut in the barrel and admits the forked end of the clip piece, to
which any convenient number of strings are connected, and when any one of
these is pulled the clip piece is drawn out of its place, and the apparatus being
no longer supported thereby falls to the ground, and the hammer will then

page_text: strike the cap and explode the charge. The apparatus is suspended vertically,
and in order to prevent water from getting into the barrel when it is used out
of doors the muzzle must be covered or protected. This may be done by
means of a cork or stopper, or by a small disc of india-rubber or wadding, or
other suitable material, or by a metallic or other cover that may be placed
above it.