CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLOOMS OR PILES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER BARS OR PLATES OF IRON
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
ELLIS, of Tredegar Iron Works, in the County of Monmouth, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of February, in the fourteenth year of
Her reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Ellis, my exors,
admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Thomas Ellis, my exors, admors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Thomas Ellis, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all tincз
thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLOOMS OR PILES FOR
RAILWAY AND OTHER BARS OR PLATES OF IRON;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso, requiring that I, the said Thomas Ellis, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in

page_text: and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Ellis, do bereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained by this present instrument in writing, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
My improvements in the machinery or apparatus to be employed in the
manufacture of blooms, or piles for railway and other bars or plates of iron
consists in a peculiar arrangement of mechanism for causing the rolls through
or between which the bloom or pile is passed to rotate first in one direction
and then in the other, or, in other words, to rotate backwards and forwards,
so as to obviate the necessity of lifting the bloom or pile over the top of the
rolls as heretofore, an operation which is necessary in cases where the rolls
are rotating in one direction only. And in order that the same may be
readily understood and carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the
Drawings hereunto annexed, in which similar letters denote corresponding
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large.
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Ellis, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained by this present instrument in writing, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
My improvements in the machinery or apparatus to be employed in the
manufacture of blooms or piles for railway and other bars or plates of iron
consists in a peculiar arrangement of mechanism for causing the rolls through
or between which the bloom or pile is passed to rotate first in one direction
and then in the other, or, in other words, to rotate backwards and forwards,
so as to obviate the necessity of lifting the bloom or pile over the top of the
rolls as heretofore, an operation which is necessary in cases where the rolls
are rotating in one direction only. And in order that the same may be
readily understood and carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the
Drawings hereunto annexed, in which similar letters denote corresponding
parts in all the Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of that portion of the machine for
giving motion to the rolls; Figure 2 represents a front elevation of the
machine; and Figure 3, a plan view thereof, the crank and portion of the
connecting rod-being removed. In the manufacture of blooms or piles of
iron, which blooms are afterwards. rolled into bars or plates of iron, it is
the general practice to pass such blooms or piles between a pair of rolls, and
since the rolls are caused to rotate in one and the same direction, it is neces
sary to lift the bloom over the top roll in order that it may be passed through
a second time, and so on, for any number of times that it may be necessary to
pass the aforesaid bloom between such rolls. In order therefore to avoid the
inconvenience of lifting the bloom over the top roll, and to save as much time
as possible, I propose to make the rolls to revolve first. in one direction- and
then the other, as will be clearly understood by the following description,
reference being had to the annexed Drawings. a, a, is the framework of the
machine for supporting the two rolls, and is firmly attached to the sole plate
b; b; by means of wedges; upon the same sole plate is firmly fixed, by wedges
or other suitable means, the framework a', a'. c is a shaft revolving in suitable
bearings, supported by the frame a', a'. On the shaft c there is cast or other-
-wise fixed a pinion d, which is driven by a rack e, moving freely in grooves

page_text: e', e, formed in the frames a', a', (see Figure 2). f, f, Figure 1, are two loose
pieces or blocks of metal for regulating or tightening up the sliding part of
the rack, and for setting the teeth to the proper depth, which is effected in
one case by the tightening screws 9, 9, and in the other case by two keys h, h,
(see Figure 1); i is a connecting rod, one end of which is attached to the
rack e by a pin joint, the other end being attached to the pin of a crank k,
the rotary motion of which, it will be observed, causes the rack to move
backward and forward; 1, 1, are the rolls fitted up with pinions m, m, and set
screws n, n, in the usual manner; o is a coupling for connecting the shaft
e with the bottom roll. The action of the machine is simply as follows:-
Rotary motion being given to the crank k, a backward and forward motion
will be given to the rack e, and a corresponding motion will be given to the
rolls 1,1; the bloom or pile is first passed between the rolls at 1.
The pile is
then passed at the return or backward motion of the rolls between the spaco
2, afterwards through 3, and then through the space 4; or the pile may bo
passed through No. 1, and then back again through the same space, and so on
with Nos. 2, 3, and 4, as the case may require, which will be understood. The
bloom having been rolled as aforesaid, is then ready for being manufactured
into bars or plates of iron.
With regard to the subsequent process of rolling the iron into bars, I would
remark, that a similar arrangement for causing the rolls to move first in one
direction and then another may be effected by means of a rack and pinion
motion, as herein-before described; the throw of the crank, length of the
rack, and diameter of the rolls being so arranged as to cause the periphery of
the rolls to move a distance somewhat greater than the length of the bar to be
rolled, as will be understood.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise nature of the details herein-before described, so long as
the peculiar character of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is the
application of a crank and rack, as herein-before described, for giving motion
to the rolls, and causing the same to move first in one direction and then
another when rolling blooms or piles of iron.
Secondly, I claim as my Invention a rack and pinion, as herein-before
described, for the purpose of giving motion to rolls for rolling iron.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Ellis, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
THOMAS (L.8.) ELLIS.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourteenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Thomas Ellis came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord One