IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1885

page_text: I ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 47, Museum Street Oxford Street in the
Parish of Bloomsbury and county of Middlesex Civil Engineer and Patent Agent
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention "for" IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS,
A communication to me from abroad by Théophile Klaus Mechanician of Tarare
in the Republic of France to be as follows:-
The principal features of the invention which may be classified under six heads
are as follows
1st The general arrangement of the shafting giving motion to the lay or batten.
2nd Throwing the shuttle by aid of a bent or cocked spring the shuttle being
adapted for this purpose.
3rd The tension of the warp threads effected by a spring connected to an
oscillating piece on which the warp threads pass.
4th A compensating regulator.
5th The employment of a cam chain for figured material.
6th The use of a box containing several shuttles, for articles of many colours.
The frame of the loom is or may be of wood or metal-The main shaft bears
a pinion and cranks which are keyed to it, an intermediate shaft being furnished
with cams similarly attached to it, motion is communicated from the main shaft
to the intermediate one by means of a pinion connected with gear work by aid of
an endless chain.
The batten or lay (when the loom is worked by hand) is actuated by means of
a beam or bar, the driving shaft transmitting motion to a crank turns in a socket
of a short shaft, revolving on the axis of the crank. This latter shaft is connected
to another by an axis borne by a shaft connected to the batten. One of these
shafts oscillates on the hollow axis of a spring fixed to an upright in rear of the
loom.
By means of this shafting the batten can be free for figured material.
When the batten encounters a resistance occasioned by a too powerful warp the
shaft shortens, that is to say, the spring descends, and when the warp is too weak
the spring rises leaving more play to the shaft, the jointed shafts coming in a
straight line.

page_text: If the lay or batten is to be fixed, all that is required is to introduce a spindle
into the bollow axis and upright of the loom, which checks the rise or descent of
one of the joints of the shaft.
When the loom is to be worked mechanically the bar or beam alluded to the
pedal and driving shaft are done away with.
The shuttle is supplied with tempered steel pins in the centre and at the side
of the shuttle forming projections one to the right and one to the left about
14 centimetres apart leaving a sloped space on each side for the reception of a
detent which is acted on by a part of the loom at the moment that the springs are
sufficiently bent or cocked to throw the shuttle.
The springs are actuated by a bar to which an oscillating piece is fixed which
turns on an axis held by a support fixed to the frame. This latter piece has its
end bent in form of a closed fork and receives an alternate reciprocating motion
to the right and left by means of roller shafts keyed to the cam shaft.
Instead of employing this forked shaft driven by roller shafts acting on the bar
that operates the springs two grooved pulleys can be used fixed to a shaft and
connected together by plates forming guides to the roller.
Backward and forward motion is imparted by these pulleys to the roller. The
tension of the warp threads is effected by distended springs connected to an
oscillating bar. The springs being always distended keep the oscillating bar on
which the warp threads pass constantly vertical.
The compensating regulator is composed of a ratchet receiving motion from the
batten by means of a bent rod acting on a lever mounted on the axis of the ratchet
this lever bears one or more clicks. On the axis of the ratchet is an endless screw
imparting motion to the front roller by means of helicoidal gearing.
On the lever is a boss or stud on which a small bent lever fixed to a larger one
rests, which latter bears upon the material. When the roller increases with the
material, the large arm of the lever rises and presses the bent shaft on the boss
and prevents the clicks completely withdrawing which reduces the course of the
ratchet as the roller or cloth beam increases.
For figured materials a number of healds are required each worked by a separate
pedal actuated by a cam chain formed of hinged plates.
The box containing the shuttles of various coloured threads, is situated at the
right side of the loom at the end of the batten.
It consists of a frame having a longitudinal slide on one side, in which &
projecting wedge works. At the opposite end of this frame grooved pulleys are
placed, one is fixed whilst the other can be variably moved horizontally in the
frame, where it is retained by a spring, the first acts as a simple guide for the
ascending motion of the box, the other assists in its ascension and stoppage.
The up and down motion of this box is effected by aid of pedals in conjunction
with a strap passing over a pulley connected to an upright bearing the box.
The pedals oscillate on an axis actuated by a frame moved by an eccentric
which effects the ascent or descent of the box by aid of stop shafts on which the
frame rests.
The eccentric is keyed to the intermediate or cam shaft a button is fixed to the
eccentric to which a shaft is articulated this shaft is connected to a balance
bearing the cylinders usually employed in looms for weaving.
Metal plates are substituted for cards. The eccentric in its movements is borne
by a roller mounted on the frame held by springs.
If an unpierced plate presents itself before a needle the latter is driven forward
by the card cylinder and the square spindle with which the boxes on the treddles
are provided, slides in the box as the case may be passing outside it, and the rail
of the frame resting on the spindle causes the descent of one or other of the
treddles and with it the box each one of which is provided with a detent.
When
the shuttle is driven to the end of its couse it rests against a picker which is
held stationery by the bar, this picker in its return passing under the bar is pressed
against the box by a spring and in returning rests against the bar. When the

page_text: spring for throwing this shuttle is cocked or in bent the axis of this bar being
displaced it descends sliding on the detent fixed to the box and the picker can
then pass above and rests on the shuttle before the detent is released, this
arrangement keeps the shuttle in a direct couse and prevents the wear of the
picker generally caused by the shocks.
As an example of this movement, each box is furnished with a detent the force
of impulsion given by the spring (from the left for example) drives the shuttle to
the right, where it abuts against the shuttle driver or picker. This driver passes
under the bending bar which is sloped at the top and the spring acting against
this bar forces it against the frume whilst keeping the driver prisoner.
When the traverse or beam makes its longitudinal movement from right to left
it forces the spring against the driver, at the same time the bar following the
movement of the traverse rocks on the detent to leave room for the passage of the
shuttle, at the same time the bar which has also been withdrawn by the longitudinal
bar, slides on the axis fixed on the frame and the driver then passes above this bar
which occupies a position beneath the driver.

page_text: Improvements in Looms.
I ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 47, Museum Street Oxford Street in the
Parish of Bloomsbury and county of Middlesex Civil Engineer and Patent Agent
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
a communication to me from abroad by Théophile Klaus Mechanician of Tarare
in the Republic of France, and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, to be
as follows:
The principal features of the invention which may be classified under six heads,
are as follow:-
:-
1. The general arrangement of the shafting giving motion to the lay or batten.
2. The tension of the warp threads, effected by a spring connected to an
oscillating piece on which the warp threads pass.
3. Throwing the shuttle by aid of a bent or cocked spring, the shuttle being
adapted for the purpose.
4. A compensating regulator.
5. The employment of a cam chain for figured material.
6. The employment of a box containing a number of shuttles, for many
coloured articles.
Fig. 1, sheet 1 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical projection from the
front of the loom.
Fig. 2, a vertical projection from the side.
Fig. 3, a vertical sectional projection from the other side of Fig. 3.
Fig. 4, a horizontal sectional projection.
Figs. 5 and 6 a front and side projection of an apparatus for throwing the
shuttle.
Fig. 7, a vertical projection from the side of the loom modified for the manu-
facture of figured articles.
Sheet 2. Fig. 8, a vertical projection from the side of the loom modified for
manufacturing different coloured articles with a box containing many coloured
shuttles.
Fig. 9, a part projection in section of the mechanism employed for this purpose.
Fig. 10, a plan partly in section following the line 1-2 of Fig. 8.
Fig. 11, a side view of the iron plates replacing the ordinary cards.
Figs. 12, 13, 14, a front projection, a horizontal projection, and a rear projection
of the box containing the shuttles.
The same letters of reference indicate like parts in the several figures.
The frame A, of the loom is or may be of wood or metal. The main shaft G,
Figs. 2, 4, 7 sheet 1, bears a pinion and cranks, which are keyed to it, an inter-
mediate shaft H, Fig. 9 sheet 2, being furnished with cams similarly attached to it,
motion is communicated from the main shaft G, to the intermediate or cam shaft H,
by means of a pinion 1, connected with gear work 2, by aid of an endless
chain 3, Figs. 2 and 7.
The batten or lay (when the loom is worked by hand) is actuated by means of a
beam or bar B, the driving shaft and pedal C, and shaft 4, Figs. 2 and 4, trans-
mitting motion to a crank turns in a socket of a short shaft revolving on the axis
of the crank. This latter shaft 4, is connected to another 5, by an axis borne by a
shaft 7, connected to the batten.

page_text: One of these shafts 6 oscillates on the hollow axis of a spring 8, Fig. 2, fixed to
an upright in rear of the loom.
By means of this shafting (that is a shaft consisting of a number of short shafts
connected one with the other as explained) the batten can be free for figured
material. When the batten encounters a resistance occasioned by a too powerful
warp the shaft (consisting of the combination of small shafts referred to) shortens,
that is to say the spring 8, Fig. 2, descends which has the effect of shortening the
shaft, and when the warp is too weak, the spring 8 rises leaving more play to the
shaft, the jointed shafts of which it is formed coming in a straight line, that is they
extend.
If the lay or batten is to be fixed, all that is required is to introduce a spindle
into the hollow axis and upright of the loom, which checks the rise or descent of
one of the joints 6, of the shaft.
When the loom is to be worked mechanically the bar B, or beam alluded to, the
pedal C, and shaft 4, are done away with.
The shuttle is supplied with tempered steel pins in the centre, and at the side of
the shuttle, forming projections one to the right, and one to the left, about 14 centi-
metres apart leaving sloped spaces on each side about 4 centimetres deep, by 1 high,
for the reception of a detent 9, Fig. 4.
The bar 10, following the movement of that 11, presses against the detent at
the moment the spring 12, is sufficiently cocked to throw the shuttle vide
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4.
The spring 12, is actuated by the bar 11, to which a forked piece 13, Fig. 1, is
fixed oscillating on a bar 14, Figs. 3, 4, which itself turns on an axis 15, by aid of
a support 16, fixed to the frame. The bar 14, has its end bent in form of a closed
fork or rather triangle, and receives an alternate reciprocating motion to the right
and left by means of roller shafts 17, 17', Figs. 1, 3, keyed to the cam shaft H,
Fig. 9.
Instead of the forked shaft driven by rollers actuating the bar 11, for cocking
the springs 12, Figs. 1, 2, the mechanism shown by Figs. 5, 6, Sheet 1, can be used.
This consists of two grooved pulleys 18. 18¹, fixed by their hubs to the shaft H,
and connected together by plates 19, 191, forming guides to the rollers.
Backward and forward motion is imparted by these pulleys to the roller fixed to
the bar 14, Figs. 3, 4, which is then straight, which movement is communicated by
this bar to the forked piece 13, Figs. 1, 4, fixed to the bar 11, Figs. 1, 2, 3.
The shaft H, Fig. 9, bears cams 20, 21, &c Fig. 2, communicating motion by
means of levers 22, 23, Fig. 4 and rods 24, 25, to the shafts 26, 27, supporting the
warp vide Figs. 1, 2, 3.
The tension of the warp threads is effected by a spiral spring in tension 28,
connected to the oscillating bar E, by the ring 29, Figs. 2, 3.
The spring being always in tension keeps the oscillating bar E, Fig. 4, (over
which the warp threads pass) constantly vertical.
Letting off the warp is effected by the motion of the shaft or batten, acting
on the ratchet wheel 30, Figs. 2, 3, 4, by the intermediary of the rod 31, Figs. 2, 3,
communicating motion to the arm 32, Fig. 4, oscillating below the ratchet wheel,
and having a small projection or clutch.
In the taking up motion the bar E, gives way sufficiently when it is set up the
ratchet turns one or more teeth, and when the warp is relaxed the ratchet wheel
does not advance, or turns a single tooth only. By this means the tension is
always regular. When the rear roller bearing the warp is small, the ratchet wheel
turns sufficiently, but when the beam is full it does not turn so freely.
Motion communicated to the roller D, Figs. 3, 4, by means of the ratchet
wheel keyed to a vertical axis 381, Fig. 3, with endless screw gearing with and
governing helical wheel work fixed on the shaft of the yarn beam.
At each beat up the shaft 31, Figs. 2, 3, moves the click 33, of the ratchet
wheel 30, Fig. 4. When the warp threads go forward too fast the click 33, of the
ratchet wheel follows the movements of the clutch 32. When the warp is slackened

page_text: and the bar E, Fig. 4, inclines rearwards the lever 34, is prevented following the
movement by the spindle 35, Figs. 2, 3. It follows that the warp advances Do
further than required by the front regulator.
The compensating regulator is composed of a ratchet wheel 36, Fig. 4, receiving
motion from the batten by means of a bent rod 37, acting on a lever 38, mounted
on the axis of the ratchet wheel, this lever bears one or more clicks. On the axis
of the ratchet wheel is an endless screw imparting motion to the front roller by
means of helical gearing.
On the lever 38, is a boss or stud, on which a small bent lever 39, Figs. 2, 3 fixed
to a larger one 40 rests, which latter bears upon the fabric.
When the roller increases with the fabric, the large arm of the lever 40, presses
the bent shaft on the boss, and prevents the clicks completely withdrawing, which
reduces the course of the ratchet, as the roller of cloth beam increases.
At each beat up, the bent lever 37, Fig. 4, presses on the lever 38, bearing the
clicks, and in its return this lever abuts against the bent shaft. For figured
materials a number of healds are generally required each worked by a separate
pedal, actuated by a cam chain formed of hinged plates, the same length as the
cylinders 42, 43, Fig. 7. Each pedal is worked by a row of cams arranged on each
plate, the space required corresponding with the figuring to be made, that is to say
separated the distance comprised between two, three, four or more pedals according
to the fabric to be produced.
For velvet tissues it is merely necessary to adapt to the loom a velvet knife,
and two rear rollers.
Motion is communicated to the cylinder by gear work receiving motion from a
pinion keyed to the cam shaft H.
In accordance with the advance or withdrawing of the cylinder 43, Fig. 7, the
number of cams can be increased or reduced to suit the fabric to be made.
There must be as many shafts and pedals as there are healds.
The box containing the shuttles of various coloured threads, for fabrics of many
colours is placed on the right hand side of the loom at the end of the batten.
It is formed of a frame 44, Figs. 12, 13, having a longitudinal slide on one
side, in which a projecting wedge 45, works. A bar 46, oscillating at the same
point as the bar 10, bears at its upper end a slide, in which is a pin fixed to the
frame.
On the side of the frame opposite the longitudinal slide, grooved pulleys 47, 471,
are placed, one 47', is fixed, whilst the other can be variably moved horizontally in
the frame, where it is retained by a spring; the first acts as a simple guide for the
ascending motion of the box, the other assists in its ascension and stoppage.
A block 48, is placed inside the frame, and serves as stop to the picker.
On the shaft H, an eccentric 49, Figs. 8, 9, 10, is keyed acting on a roller 50,
borne by a frame 51, held by one or more springs.
This frame slides in the grooved pulleys 52, it bears a bar 53, held by traverses 54,
fixed to the frame. The pedals 55, 56 oscillate on the axis 57, Fig. 11, fixed in the
rear of the frame, at the other end, one is directly attached to the box by a bar 58,
Fig. 10, bearing at its upper part notches in which the pulley 47, Fig. 12, engages,
the other pedal bears a strap 59, Fig. 8, passing over a pulley 60, fixed to the
batten and hooking to a tab riveted to the bar 58. Boxes 61, 62, Figs. 8, 10, are
attached to each pedal receiving square spindles 63, 64, 65, held by shaft 63¹, 64¹,
65¹, each of these shafts bears a spiral spring held at one side by a guide 66 and
at the other fixed to the shaft by a small stop which props (at the end of the
stroke) against the guide 67, Figs. 9, 10, 11.
On the eccentric 49, Figs. 8, 9, a button is fixed to which is articulated a shaft 68,
connected to an oscillating shaft 69, bearing the cylinders of the ordinary mechanism
employed in weaving looms, with the exception that the cards are replaced by
metal plates.
When the eccentric is in motion it always rests on the roller borne by the frame,
Izont duaman he anxinsa

page_text: If a plate presents itself without a hole pierced in front of a needle, the latter
is then pushed forward by the movement of the cylinder, the square spindle slides
in the box passing outside it.
The rail of the frame resting on this spindle causes the descent of one or other
of the pedals as much as is required, in accordance with the number of the spindle
corresponding with the number of the box.
One of the pedals lifts the box, the other lowers it.
For throwing the shuttle each box is provided with a detent, the impelling force
of the shuttle drives it to the end, when it comes in contact with the picker, which
is itself held fixed by the bar 46, Figs. 8, 12.
This picker in its course passes under this bar rested against the box by a spring,
and in returning rests against this bar.
When the spring 12, for throwing this shuttle is cocked, the axis of this bar
being displaced it descends sliding on the detent 9, fixed to the box, and the picker 45,
can then pass above, and rests on the shuttle before the detent is released; this
arrangement keeps the shuttle in a direct course, and prevents the wear of the
picker generally caused by the shocks; as an example of this movement, each
box is furnished with the detent 9, the force of impulsion given by the spring 12,
(from the left for example) drives the shuttle to the right, where it abuts against
the shuttle driver or picker 45. This driver passes under the bending bar 46,
which is sloped at the top, and the spring acting against this bar forces it against
the frame, whilst keeping the driver prisoner. When the beam 11, makes its
longitudinal movement from right to left it forces the spring against the driver,
at the same time the bar 10, following the movement of the bar 11, rocks on the
detent 9, to leave room for the passage of the shuttle, at this time the bar 46,
which has also been withdrawn by the longitudinal bar, slides on the axis fixed on
the frame, and the driver 45, then passes above this bar, which occupies a position
beneath the driver or picker.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1st The general arrangement of the shafting connected with the lay or batten
secured to it by a spring admitting of the use of a free batten for figured tissues.
2nd The disposition and arrangement of the parts for throwing the shuttle
with a simple spring fixed in the shuttle box, which bears stop notches, in which
a stop piece or detent engages.
3rd The method of producing tension of the warp threads by means of a bar
over which they pass, this bar being held vertical by a spring, and only giving out
the warp required by aid of a regulator with click acting on a spindle fixed above
the oscillating bar.
4th The construction of the taking up compensating regulator, actuated by a
hent rod connected to the batten, and resting on a lever fixed to the ratchet, the
said lever being held by a spring always resting on a bent shaft fixed to a lever
bearing on the material.
5th The employment of a cam chain turning on cylinders, for use in manufac-
turing figured materials, and in the application of a box containing a number of
shuttles capable of rising and falling by aid of pedals worked by a frame actuated
by an eccentric for the manufacture of articles of many colours.
Dated this 11th day of February 1906