matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS TO FACILITATE LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES ASCENDING INCLINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1857.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of No. 77, Aldermanbury, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS
TO FACILITATE LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES ASCENDING INCLINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in railways to facilitate
locomotive engines ascending inclines. For these purposes there are additional
or double rails laid on inclines, between which the flanches of the wheels of
the locomotive engines enter, and the spaces between the double rails are such
as to fit the flanches tightly on either side; or, in place of double or pairs
of rails, the rails of a railway are made with inclined sides, and the wheels of
the locomotive engines are made with double flanches at such a distance apart
as to fit tightly on the inclined sides of the rails. It is not necessary that the
peripheries of the wheels should bear on the crowns or tops of the rails; on
the contrary, the peripheries of the wheels should, when they come to the
inclines, be raised off the rails, and the weight should come only on the
flanches.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January 1857.
I, JOHN WILSON, Manufacturing Chemist, of St. Helen's, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in roasting or calcining granulated cast iron, and
afterwards melting the roasted metal to obtain cast steel.
My improvements also consist in obtaining steel from rich iron ores, by
substituting such ores in place of bar iron in the usual process of cementation
to obtain steel, and in melting the product, so obtained, with from six to
eight per cent. of oxide of manganese to obtain cast steel.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN OIL CANS AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Fenn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1857. A communication.
I, JOSEPH FENN, of Newgate Street, in the City of London, Tool Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN OIL CANS AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS," (communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing oil cans and other similar vessels
in such manner that they shall not upset, and in providing an air passage to
admit of the outflow of the contents when required.
The sides of the can, close to the bottom, are of a curved form, and the
bottom is weighted with lead or otherwise. An aperture is formed in the top
or upper part of the can, and carries a ring with an internal screw thread.
The outflow pipe screws into this aperture, and near the bottom of this pipe
and through it an air pipe is soldered or fixed, or an air tube may be fixed in
any convenient part of the vessel itself.
AN IMPROVED LIFE PRESERVER OR LIFE-PRESERVING SHIRT OR SACK
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles J. Bunker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1857.
I, CHARLES J. BUNKER, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED LIFE PRESERVER OR LIFE-PRESERVING SHIRT OR SACK," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of an article of dress, such as a shirt or chemise, so
made of india-rubber or other similar waterproof material as to admit of
being inflated, and of thus serving as a life preserver in the water.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR WEAVING CHECKS OR FIGURED FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Sugden and Jonas Briggs
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 27th March 1857.
We, GEORGE SUGDEN and JONAS BRIGGS, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Spinners and Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR WEAVING CHECKS OR FIGURED FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
In our improved machinery for weaving checks or figured fabrics the
pattern is produced by means of weft threads of divers colors, which are thrown
into the shed (formed by a parti-colored warp) by means of different shuttles.
The shuttles, one for each color of the weft, are placed in what is called a rising
shuttle box, that is, the box instead of being fixed to the slay, as in ordinary
looms, is made to rise and fall in vertical guides at stated times, so as to bring
one or other of the shuttles opposite the shed. The number of picks or shoots
of any one color, and the order of succession of the various colors, so as to
produce any given pattern, is regulated by a "pattern wheel," which is pro-
vided at or near its periphery with a number of moveable segmental pieces.
This pattern wheel, the size of which may be varied according to the nature of
the pattern, is driven by means of toothed gearing connected with the main
driving shaft, and as the pattern wheel rotates it is made to act on a tappet
shaft, and through the tappet mounted thereon it will actuate a lever or

page_text: levers, which will cause the shuttle boxes to rise or fall in their guides to the
extent required to bring the desired shuttle opposite the shed of the warp.
It will be understood by all practical weavers, that the segmental pieces of
the pattern wheel being moveable, they will admit of being changed in position
according to the pattern required to be produced. Behind the shuttle boxes
is placed a rod, arm, or lever, provided with notches or catches, whereby the
shuttle boxes are supported when raised by the action of the tappet and levers,
as above mentioned. This rod, arm, or lever, with the notches or catches
thereon, is kept is contact with the shuttle box by means of springs, and it is
also acted upon by the pattern wheel through the intervention of suitable
levers, which, when required, will force back the rod, arm, or lever, so that
the notches or catches may be withdrawn, and the shuttle boxes allowed to
fall at the proper time. The object of the Invention being that all these
motions should be automatic, and totally independent of the will of the
attendant, care must of course be taken that the several parts be brought into
action precisely at the proper times in reference to the other and ordinary
motions of the loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Bowlas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1857.
I, DAVID BOWLAS, of Reddish, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to such machinery employed for the purposes of
preparing and spinning, wherein the "top rollers" or "bosses" are made
hollow, and mounted upon a spindle, and revolve loosely thereupon. My
improvement consists in driving or imparting a rotatory motion to the said
spindle upon which the "top roller" or "boss" revolves, which may either be
effected by connecting the spindle with the "bottom roller" by spur pinions,
or by means of an extra shaft and toothed pinion placed above the " top
roller," and gearing with the pinion upon the spindle of the "top roller," or in
any other convenient manner which shall have the effect of causing the
spindle of the "top roller" to revolve, the slight variation in speed at which
the spindle rotates being governed by the relative number of teeth in the spur
pinions.
AN IMPROVED HOPPER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Webb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1857.
I, JOHN WEBB, of Bristol, in the County of Somerset, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOPPER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to crush two kinds of grain simultaneously
through the use of one hopper only, & the annexed Drawings represent one
adaptation of this system, which works satisfactorily.
Fig. 1, section; Fig. 2, side view. The boards (represented by dotted
lines across the hopper, Fig. 1,) are used as dividers. The left side in this
case is intended for crushing oats, & the right side for beans. If both
are required to be crushed at the same time use the parting board B (Fig. 3);
if oats or beans only, take out B & substitute A, (Fig. 4). This hopper
obviates the use of two separate machines.
THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL BOARDS OR PAPIER MACHEE, OR PATENT COM- POSITION BOARDS COMPOSED (OR PARTLY SO) OF ANY VEGETABLE FIBRE, AND THE LIKE EITHER IN ITS RAW STATE OR WORKED UP FROM OLD SUBSTANCES, TO FRICTION WASHERS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF WHEELED CARRIAGE AND CART AXLES; ALSO, FOR COVERING WING AND DASH IRONS, AND FORMING HEEL BOARDS FOR HANSOM CABS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Broad at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1857.
I, JAMES BROAD, of 149 & 150, Drury Lane, Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL BOARDS OR PAPIER MACHEE, OR PATENT COM-
POSITION BOARDS COMPOSED (OR PARTLY SO) OF ANY VEGETABLE FIBRE, AND THE
LIKE EITHER IN ITS RAW STATE OR WORKED UP FROM OLD SUBSTANCES, TO
FRICTION WASHERS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF WHEELED CARRIAGE AND CART
AXLES; ALSO, FOR COVERING WING AND DASH IRONS, AND FORMING HEEL BOARDS
FOR HANSOM CABS," to bo as follows:-
My Invention consists in the adaptation of patent composition boards,
manufactured from hemp, flax, old ropes, rags, straw, hop bines, bark of trees,
and all vegetable fibres, either in their raw state or worked up from old sub-
stances, as substitutes for leather for the before-recited articles.
The apparatus I use for forming or cutting the above-mentioned materials
into the above enumerated articles consists of an ordinary washer cutter,
composed of a steel shaft and a knife thereto affixed, which on the revolution
of the shaft cuts out the washers.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO THE LOCKS OF FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1857.-A communication from J. B. Longa.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO THE LOCKS OF FIRE-ARMS," (communicated
to me by J. B. Longa, a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the cocking or the bringing down
of the hammer in fire-arm locks at pleasure. It consists in inserting in the
lock a rod with a projection or detent, which rod, by the turning of a button
on the outside of the lock plate, is made to play and bring the detent under or
over the main spring, as the case may be, and thus prevent the cocking or the
bringing down of the hammer, according to whether the detent is over or
under the spring. When desired to fire the gun, the button is made to travel
in a semicircular slot in the lock plate by the finger, whereby the detent is
carried free from the spring, and this can be done after the gun is brought to
the shoulder and just before pulling the trigger. An ornamental device, such
as the figure of a dog, may be made to indicate, by the position thereof outside
of the lock plate, the position of the detent.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Charles Jeune at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1857.
I, FREDERICK CHARLES JEUNE, of Gresham Street, in the City of London,
India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce an elastic material having the
appearance of patent leather, but not liable like it to crack or peel on the
surface.
In carrying out the Invention, I first prepare an elastic compound composed
of masticated india-rubber, or india-rubber combined with gutta percha, and
mixed with sulphuret of antimony and woollen dust or waste.
This compound, which forms the base of the fabric, I spread upon thin cotton.
cloth, and I then subject the same to heat, in order to effect what is called the
change" in the india-rubber compound. The fabric is then ready to receive
the japan varnish, which is laid on in the usual manner and subjected to a dry
heat; when the first coat is properly set, a second coat is applied, and submitted
in like manner to a dry heat, and so on, until the required finish or smoothness.
is imparted to the face of the fabric.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OP MATCHES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heinrich Hochstaetter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1857.
I, HEINRICH HOCHSTAETTER, of Darmstadt, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OP
MATCHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for holding splints of wood or other combustible
material suitable for matches whilst they are being dipped in an igniting com-
position, and consists of a machine of the following construction :-First,
a frame or clamp to receive the splints; this frame is placed upon the
machine, and certain mechanism is brought into action for separating some
small boards sufficiently to allow the splints to fall between them at a regular
distance from one another. There is a box containing the splints of wood or
other material; this said box has openings formed at the under side thereof at
the distance apart which the splints are required to be; the aforesaid frame or
clamp has a shaking motion imparted thereto by suitable mechanism, which
causes the splints to fall from the box between the boards in the frame. The
boards are then pressed together, and the frame removed and another put in
its place. By this Invention the whole frame may be filled with splints at one
operation, and the machine requires but little power to work it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF MANURES OR FERTILISING AGENTS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1857.
I, JOHN WARD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF MANURES OR
FERTILISING AGENTS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates essentially to the application and use of the waste
iodine or kelp liquor of the iodine maker in the manufacture or production of
manures.
The waste iodine or kelp liquor, instead of being thrown aside as valueless
according to the system hitherto pursued by the manufacturing chemist, is,
according to the present improvements, utilised and turned to valuable account
by being discharged into a proper receiver, where unslacked lime is added to
and mingled with it. This produces a powerful fertiliser, which may be judi-
ciously used by the farmer in combination with other substances of various
kinds, just as will best suit the circumstances under which the manures are
to be employed on the land.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RETARDING OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Saxon Snell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September,
1857.
I, HENRY SAXON SNELL, of 36, Chancery Lane, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RETARDING
OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for retarding
omnibuses and other carriages. For these purposes the skid or shoe is
formed or fixed on one end of a lever or arm, the upper end of which is
capable of rotating around the axle on which one of the wheels turns. This
lever or arm, with its skid or shoe, is upheld off the road until the horses
cease to draw and the traces become slack, when the lever or arm revolves
about the axle and the skid or shoe descends and passes under the wheel,
when the wheel would pass over it but for a stop which is moved into
position, against which the lever or arm comes; and as the stop is connected
with an ordinary drag chain, the arm or lever, the skid or shoe, together with
the stop and drag chain, act for the time as an ordinary skidding apparatus
to skid the wheel. When the horses again draw by the traces, the stop will
be withdrawn from behind the arm or lever, and the wheel runs over the
skid or shoe, the arm or lever of which performs a partial revolution about

page_text: the axle, and comes into position to be again called into use when necessary.
And apparatus may be further used in combination with the arrangement
described, so as to give control over the same to the driver or other
person.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF RECTIFYING LIQUIDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS USED THEREWITH
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1857.A communication from Regis Monodier, of Paris, in the Empire
of France.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF RECTIFYING LIQUIDS, AND IN
THE APPARATUS USED THEREWITH," communicated to me by Regis Monodier,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The ordinary process of rectification permits the essential or empyreumatic
oils and other aromatic substances, after rising with the alcohol, to retrograde
through a series of tubes and chambers to the boiler, which they gradually
taint, to the deterioration of the spirit. I propose to obviate this by drawing
off the oils as soon as developed, and for this purpose introduce a vertical
tube through the boiler to the chamber immediately above it. The essential
oils descend through this tube, which is furnished with three taps, one serving
to ascertain whether the alcohol has been sufficiently discharged from the
oils, another to return the oils (if still surcharged with alcohol) through a
second tube to the boiler, and the third to pass them (if freed from alcohol)
through a third tube to a refrigerator or receiver surrounded with cold water,
from which they are discharged through another tube, which must rise to the
height of the chamber above the boiler, in order that the first-mentioned

page_text: vertical tubo may always remain charged, the heat of the boiler preventing
the entrance of alcoholic vapour therein.
The advantages obtained by my improvements are thorough purification
and complete extraction of tho alcohol, economy of time and fuel, and better
flavor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY AND HOP PRESSES THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE TO COMPRESSING OTHER SUBSTANCES OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stettinius Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1857.-A communication from P. C. Ingersoll, and H. F.
Dougher, of New York, America.
I, WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK, of the American Patent Agency, 133, High
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY AND HOP PRESSES THE SAME BEING
APPLICABLE TO COMPRESSING OTHER SUBSTANCES OF A SIMILAR NATURE," (a com-
munication,) to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in employing a box or frame having a door at its
upper end, and fitted therein is a follower which is attached to a bar, the ends
of which pass through slots in the sides of the box, each end of the bar having
a vertical strap fitted upon it; the upper ends of these straps are attached by
pivots or joints to the lower ends of vertical bars; the lower ends of the bars
are bent for a short distance horizontally, the straps being attached to the
ends of the horizontal parts to each side of the upper part of the press box.
There are firmly attached two projecting plates; to the outer ends of the plates
there is attached a lever which works on a rod in the frame.
The inner ends of the levers are each attached to a vibrating clamp, which
is formed of two bars connected by rods between which the follower bars
pass; the inner ends of the bars of the clamps rest upon ledges or projections

page_text: attached to the sides of the press box. What I claim is operating the
follower by means of levers hung in swinging frames, and connected to
vibrating clamps which grasp the follower bars and cause them to be moved
upwards as the levers are depressed.
A NEW SYSTEM OF MACHINERY PRODUCING SIMULTANEOUSLY THE THREE-FOLD EFFECT OF CASTING, BREAKING OFF, AND RUBBING (SMOOTHING) OF PRINTING CHARACTERS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Joseph Vanderborght at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th May 1857.
I, MICHAEL JOSEPH VANDERBORGHT, Type Founder, 46, Rue Neuve,
Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "A NEW SYSTEM OF MACHINERY PRODUCING SIMULTANEOUSLY
THE THREE-FOLD EFFECT OF CASTING, BREAKING OFF, AND RUBBING (SMOOTHING) OF
PRINTING CHARACTERS," to be as follows:-
I am aware that in England, as well as in all other countries, characters for
printing commonly called "type," are defective, either as too large for average,
thick, out of line, and otherwise; by the method I propose to employ these
defects will be remedied.
Following out the principle of the old mould, I combine and arrange
my new mechanical mould. Instead of the two pieces, forming the body of
the letter, being moveable, and those called blanks, which form the thickness,
firmly attached to the moveable pieces, I propose to attach the two pieces
forming the body of the letter, and to render moveable the blanks. The two
pieces which form the body of the letter will each carry its break piece ("jet"),
with this difference, that by the hand mould each break is of one piece with
its side, while with my mould the sides of the breaks, being each for its own
part of one piece with the two blanks, are made to move with them. With
the hand mould the operater (caster) before each casting shuts the mould

page_text: between the two registers by means of a circular spring, which sustains its
bearing on the mould. I propose to do without these registers and to attach a
mould carrier, whose free circular motion will not fail to bear or press the
matrix with exactitude against the mould. I propose to break or smooth off
the beards from the types by means of an instrument, across which the type
will pass when it is pushed from between the blanks of the mould at the
moment the type leaves the blanks. This instrument will be formed of two
file-shaped cutters placed opposite each other, provision being made for the
exit of the beards, when cut or smoothed off the types.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rothwell and Samuel Dixon
Cooper at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th April 1857.
We, JOHN ROTHWELL, of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, and SAMUEL
DIXON COOPER, of Westminster, in the same County, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS,"
to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists in forming upon or attaching to the larger or
breech end of the gun barrel in a position eccentric thereto a short length or
boss, the diameter of which is greater than that of the barre!. This boss is bored
out proportionately larger than the barrel, and its bore is threaded to receive
a corresponding screw formed on one end of a circular block or breech, the
other end of which is formed with a similar screw taking into a nut attached
to the gun-stock or carriage. The circular block is perforated with a hole
equal in diameter to that of the ball or cartridge intended to be used, and so
situated eccentrically as regards the block as to admit of being carried by the
partial revolution thereof into a position opposite to and coinciding with that
of the bore of the gun barrel, or otherwise to be turned away therefrom, so
that the solid part of the block may come opposite to and securely close the
end of the bore. In order to load the gun, the block is turned into the first-
named position (so that its perforation may coincide with the bore of the
barrel) and the cartridge passed through into the barrel. The block is then

page_text: to be moved round (either by being connected with the hammer in the act of
cocking or otherwise) and drawn forward by its screw, so that the solid part
thereof shall stand opposite to and securely close the bore of the barrel, and
form the necessary abutment to resist the reaction of an exploding charge.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CALKS FOR THE SHOES OF ANIMALS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Maynard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1857.
I, EDWARD MAYNARD, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, and State of
New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CALKS FOR THE SHOES OF ANIMALS," to
be as follows:-
I construct the calks with a conical or tapering body, on the end of which
is a screw thread; I then form a hole or holes in the horse's or other animal's
shoe in the desired position, and of a tapering form, corresponding with the
calk, and with a screw thread at the smaller end of said hole, and screw the
said calk into the shoe with any suitable key or nippers, and the conical body
in the conical hole sustains all the strain on the calk, and the blow of tlie
animal's foot tends to tighten the same in the hole, and the screw or its equi-
valent keeps the same in place.
The part of the calk projecting from the shoe is to be conical, pyramidal,
chisel, or other suitable shape, and the calk thus constructed is adapted to any
part of a shoe for horses or other animals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YELLOW PRUSSIATE OF POTASS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor and Edward Owen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th February 1857.
We, JAMES TAYLOR, of Upper Street, Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist, and EDWARD OWEN, of Aberdeen Terrace, Blackheath, in the County
of Kent, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YELLOW PRUSSIATE OF POTASS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in the application of brewers' waste hops for affording
nitrogen as a source of cyanogen in the manufacture of yellow prussiate of
potass, the said waste hops being substituted in part or altogether for the,
nitrogeneous animal matter commonly used in such manufacture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES OR HYDRO-EXTRACTORS,' USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND OTHER PUR- POSES, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF APPLIANCES TO GIVE MOTION TO SUCH MACHINES BY STEAM POWER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew McOnie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1857.
I, ANDREW MONIE, Engineer, of Glasgow, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES
OR HYDRO-EXTRACTORS,' USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND OTHER PUR-
POSES, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF APPLIANCES TO GIVE MOTION TO SUCH MACHINES
BY STEAM POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, in the first place, in constructing and arranging
centrifugal machines, or hydro-extractors, in the following manner :-The
drum is made of cast iron or other cast metal, and is turned both inside and
outside after it has been mounted on its spindle; in this way a perfectly rigid
and truly formed drum is obtained. The sides or periphery of the drum are
perforated all over with holes countersunk on the inside. The spindle on
which the drum is mounted tapers towards each end, and its lower end is
stepped into a cup-formed bearing at the bottom of the case into which it is
allowed to descend more and more as the brass wears, this adjustment being
effected by a screw passing through the bottom of the brass. The upper end
of the spindle passes through a bush which is screwed into the bridge of the
machine, and as the bush wears it is screwed further down through the

page_text: bridge, and is fixed in its place by a piece of metal notched to correspond with
the thread of the screw, and forced against it by a key or wedge. In order to
stop the revolution of the drum when necessary, a friction strap is brought to
bear on the lower part of the periphery of the drum, by means of an eccentric
mounted on an axis passing through the top of the case, and having a handle
at its upper end. In order to drive machines of this description, I employ a
small horizontal steam engine mounted on a frame in connection with the
frame which carries the drum. This steam engine by means of a connecting
rod and crank gives motion to a vertical axis carrying a large pulley, from
which a band passes to a small pulley on the spindle of the drum.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BILLIARD CUES
Year: 1857

page_text: ww
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emmanuel Octave Bordas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1857.-A communication.
I, EMMANUEL OCTAVE BORDAS, Agent, residing at 36, Bond Street,
Piccadilly, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN BILLIARD CUES," to be as follows:-
In a cork top fitted into a brass screw (divided into two halves) with a
hollow head so as to admit of the cork top being removed or renewed at
pleasure. This brass screw containing the top, fits into a brass socket (or nut)
fitted on the end of the cue, & fixed by means of three small steel screws.
The advantage gained by means of this cork over the old leather top is,
that the elasticity of the cork gives increased velocity to the ball, at the same
time being less expensive, of great durability, & always admitting of easy
reparation in case of wear, without being compelled, as formerly, to have
recourse to the billiard cue maker.
A small box, contains 6 & 12, or more of them of different sizes (according
to the dimensions of the cue) & a small screw driver, sharp edged at one end
& pointed at the other, & fixable into a wooden handle.
AN IMPROVED WHIP SOCKET
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brown, and William Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 9th October 1857.
We, HENRY BROWN, and WILLIAM BROWN, Coach Trimmers, of Albert
Street, Newington Butts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED WHIP SOCKET," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is to render whip sockets more durable, more
cleanly, and more ornamental than those hitherto in use, and the improve-
ments consist in making the tube part thereof of glass or metal, with shifting
top and bottom, and mounted in metal or otherwise, in such a manner as to
allow of the tube being rendered shifting or fixed as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TURNIPS AND OTHER ROOTS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wheeler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1857.
I, THOMAS WHEELER, of the Albion Works, in the City of Oxford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TURNIPS AND OTHER ROOTS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to various improvements in the details and the
general construction and arrangement of turnip cutters and root graters,
pulpers, or slicers, and consists in casting the side or end standards in one
piece, and of constructing the top hopper of cast iron with suitable side
apertures for the escape of the dirt. The handles are fitted into sockets cast
on the bed plate of the machine, in place of being attached to the legs. It is
also proposed to use a circular front plate in combination with a conical
cutting or reducing barrel.
Another part of this Invention relates to an improved construction or form.
of knives or reducers, and consist in making them of a gouged bell-mouthed
shape, whereby a better cut is effected. These knives may be attached to
barrels by means of screws or otherwise, with or without the aid of lugs on
the barrel, whereby there is less liability of the machine becoming deranged.

page_text: When Moody's barrel is used I propose to attach the knives without the aid
of lugs.
Another portion of my Invention consists in combining the knives known
as turnip cutters, as "Gardner's," with Moody's barrel or with flat discs,
whether used for double or single action, either vertically or horizontally.
Another arrangement of reducers consists in applying a pair of serrated
vibrating rollers inside the main barrel, for the purpose of further reducing the
shreds, which have been first cut by the knives on the main barrel, such shreds
falling inside the barrel and passing between the internal rollers before they
pass pass off to the shoot.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COVERING RICKS, BOOTHS, TENTS, AND SUCH LIKE PLACES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Mills at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July 1857.
I, JOSEPH MILLS, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
COVERING RICKS, BOOTHS, TENTS, AND SUCH LIKE PLACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in arranging and mounting coverings for ricks,
booths, tents, & the like, on beams or rollers in a nearly similar manner to
that of mounting roller window blinds, and in raising and lowering such
beams or rollers by ropes or chains, passed over suitable supports, by means
of a winch or other power. The said rollers & covers may be made in
sections to be easily portable.
Stay ropes & guide ropes are suitably arranged, for the safe & easy
working of the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS AND BODIES IN MINES AND OTHER LIKE PLACES, IN VENTILATING MINES AND OTHER LIKE PLACES, AND IN EXTRACTING WATER THEREPROM
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th September 1857.-A communication from M. Trautmann.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS AND BODIES IN
MINES AND OTHER LIKE PLACES, IN VENTILATING MINES AND OTHER LIKE PLACES,
AND IN EXTRACTING WATER THEREPROM," (communicated to me by M. Traut-
mann, a foreigner residing abroad) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment in shafts and pits of atmospheric
tubes, in pairs or sets of pairs, similar to those tubes employed in atmospheric
railways, and in connecting to the arms of the pistons, made to work in the
tubes, a cage or platform for carrying the minerals, coals, or other substances
to be raised, and the men employed in working the mine. The cage is raised
by exhausting the air from the tubes above the pistons, and lowered by
admitting a proper quantity of air into the tubes above them. Safety breaks
are attached to the cage to prevent any undue descent thereof, and proper
rollers are fitted for regularly opening and closing the valves in the tubes.
The valves are similar to the atmospheric railway valves, but in order to cause
them to close, a piece of thick leather or a blade of steel so as to form a
spring is placed on the outside. Stops and buffers fitted to the upper part
of the tubes prevent the cage from rising too high, and retain it at the top of
the tubes until it is required to be lowered. Where deemed necessary a

page_text: telegraph may be employed to convey orders down the mine, and to indicate
the position of the cage in the shaft. An electric telegraph apparatus may be
fixed at the mouth of the shaft, and the wire may be furnished at intervals
with a projecting arm, against which a cam or other projection on the cage
will rub or strike and make or break contact, which will be indicated on the
apparatus above ground.
In order to extract water from mines, the cage is made with a double
bottom and suitable valves; at every descent into the water the space between
the two bottoms would become filled, and this water would be elevated with
the cage.
For the ventilation of mines, tubes must be led to those parts requiring
ventilation, and must be connected with the atmospheric tubes; it is also
necessary to employ a second piston in the atmospheric tubes with a closing
roller behind it, in order to prevent air being drawn into the tubes through
the valve.
A MACHINE FOR IMPARTING MOTIVE POWER TO THRASHING MACHINES AND SUCH LIKE AGRI- CULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Ussher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1857.
I, RICHARD USSHER, of Rath Boro, Killanne, in the County of Wexford,
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE
FOR IMPARTING MOTIVE POWER TO THRASHING MACHINES AND SUCH LIKE AGRI-
CULTURAL IMPLEMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for dispensing with gearing or 'toothed wheels
in machines commonly employed by farmers and worked by horses, for impart-
ing motive power to thrashing machines and such like agricultural implements.
The machine, which constitutes this Invention, consists of the following
principal parts:-1st, one or more horizontal beams or levers, to which horses
are to be attached; 2nd, an upright axle supported in a framing, and caused
to revolve by being attached to the before-mentioned beam; 3rd, an hori-
zontal wheel fixed upon the aforesaid axle near the bottom thereof. The
periphery of this said wheel has a series of crutches or bent pieces of metal
fixed thereinto, carrying an endless chain, which also passes round another
smaller wheel, which is in connection with the thrashing or other machine
which it is desired to work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOL COMBING, AND IN MACHINES KNOWN AS COLLIER'S COMBING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Speight at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1857.
I, JOHN SPEIGHT, of Bradford, in the County of York, Wool Comber.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WOOL COMBING, AND IN MACHINES KNOWN AS COLLIER'S COMBING MACHINES,"
be as follows:
This Invention consists, firstly, in preparing the wool so as to make it into
a "sliver' or sheet before feeding it on to the comb of the machine known as
"Collier's wool combing machine," instead of feeding it on in the staple or
lock, as usually practised. This is effected by passing the raw wool through
the "screw gill" or other similar machine.
By thus preparing the wool previously to feeding on to the machine, the
wool can be donned on to the comb by self-acting machinery instead of by
hand, and only requires to be passed once through the machine instead of
twice, thereby making only one "noil" instead of two, and effecting a saving
of both labor and material.
The improvements in the machines known as "Collier's combing machines,"
consist, firstly, in providing such machines, with a suitable arrangement of feeding
apparatus for feeding or donning the sliver or sheet of wool on to the comb;
and, secondly, in employing an additional pair of drawing rollers for "(loffing,"
so as to take a second sliver from the comb, or to take the long wool out of
the "noils," whereby the necessity for recombing the "noils" to take out the
long wool is obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF Bows OR HANDLES OF WATCHES, LOCKETS, EYE-GLASSES, AND OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING SUCH APPENDAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Benson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1857.
I, JAMES WILLIAM BENSON, of Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, Watch
Manufacturer and Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF Bows OR HANDLES OF WATCHES,
LOCKETS, EYE-GLASSES, AND OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING SUCH APPENDAGES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of bows or handles of
watches, lockets, eye-glasses, and other articles requiring such appendages, has
for its object to construct these appendages in such a manner that they cannot
be easily detached from the article to which they are applied, thereby affording
greater security than the bows or handles now generally employed, and which
may be easily broken off.
My Invention consists in making the bows or handles with a double swivel,
which will admit of their turning round in various directions, so that should
any attempt be made to twist off the bow from the article to which it is applied
it will turn on its axis instead of offering a rigid resistance, which may be
easily overcome by using a moderate amount of force. This improved bow or
handle may be attached to watches or other articles by screwing or otherwise,
or it may form part of the case and be made therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Mushet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1857.
I, ROBERT MUSHET, of Coleford, in the County of Gloucester, Metallurgist.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows, that is to say :-
In adding to cast iron a triple compound or material of or containing iron.
carbon, and manganese, or an alloy of or consisting of iron, carbon, and
manganese, in order to improve its quality, and the better to adapt it for the
purposes to which it may be intended to be applied. The triple compound
or material of or containing iron, carbon, and manganese may be added to
and combined with the cast iron in any convenient manner; but I prefer to
do so when both of them are in the fluid or molten state, in order that their
union or mixture may be accomplished with greater facility, and with as little
loss as may be of the manganese from oxydation, which is apt to take place
when the compound or material of or containing iron, carbon, and manganese
and the cast iron are combined or mixed together in a solid or cold state, and
then heated until they become fluid and molten, and blend together. The
alloy of or consisting of iron, carbon, and manganese may be added to or
combined with cast iron which has been partially purified by forcing air
through it whilst retaining the melted fluid state. The combination of the

page_text: said alloy of iron, carbon, and manganese with the partially purified cast iron
is to be effected when both substances are in a melted fluid state, and shortly
after the cast iron has thrown off the frothy spongy slags which indicate that
stage of the air purifying process which has been termed the eruption, and
whilst the iron in the purifying vessel or furnace still retains as much carbon
as is sufficient to constitute with it cast iron. When the alloy of iron, carbon,
and manganeso has been added to and combined with the cast iron thus
partially purified, the mixture is to be tapped or poured off into pigs or ingots,
or run into suitable moulds in any usual or convenient manner for producing
castings, articles, or pieces of cast iron of the desired forms or shapes.
The triple compound or material of or containing iron, carbon, and
manganese, which I prefer to use is pig or cast iron, such as that made by
smelting in the ordinary blast furnace those sparry carbonates of iron or
spathose iron ores which contain oxyde of manganese as well as oxyde of
iron, preferring those which contain the largest proportion of manganese;
but the compound or material of or containing iron, carbon, and manganese may
be produced or made in any other more convenient or economical manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR CLEARING AND MIXING HATTERS' FURS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Birch and Robert
Bradbury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th August 1857.
We, RICHARD BIRCH, of Haughton, near Denton, in the County of Lan-
caster, Mechanic, and ROBERT BRADBURY, of the same Place, Fur Clearer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR CLEARING AND MIXING HATTERS' FURS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in causing the fur used in the manufacture of hats
to pass between feeding rollers, and then to be acted upon by a beater having
eight or other suitable number of blades, some of which are wider than others,
to produce sufficient current to impel the fur through partitions in a chamber,
from whence they are forced into another chamber, where they are deposited
in a fit state for being used. The partitions in the first chamber are covered
with cloth to catch the kemps or coarse hairs of the fur, and the blood lumps
or other heavy impurities are prevented passing along with the fur by the
angles in the air passages. In order to be able to vary the amount of clearing,
the spaces between the ends of the partitions are furnished with dampers, by
opening and closing which the fur may be conveyed between a greater or less
number of the partitions.