in the Form of Fine Spray and Compressed Air.
Year: 1885

page_text: "
in the Form of Fine Spray and Compressed Air.
I FRANZ HEINRICH MOLDENHAUER of No 1 Nibelungengasse in the City of
Vienna, Austria, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING BOILERS WITH A COMBINATION OF WATER IN THE
FORM OF FINE SPRAY AND COMPRESSED AIR" and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in feeding boilers with water spray and
compressed air the boiler being fed with compressed air and water in finely
divided form in such manner that the water is converted into spray by the com-
pressed air in being forced into the boiler where the water spray is immediately
converted into steam.
The motive power consists consequently of a mixture of steam and air.
The apparatus in which this mixture of air and steam is produced consists
principally of a water reservoir for feeding the boiler with water and an exterior
Dantle or casing arranged in suitable position above the water reservoir.
This said mantle or casing is provided with a suitable furnace and contains the
steam boiler which latter is subdivided into the steam generating space and the
superheating space or compartment.
These two spaces or compartments are separated from each other by a suitable
horizontal partition provided with appropriate valves for opening up the communi-
cation between the two said spaces or compartments. The superheater is provided
with safety valve, manometer and steam delivery pipe whilst the mantle or casing
is provided with an outlet for the products of combustion which circulate around
the boiler and within the exterior mantle or casing communicate their heat to the
boiler and superheater surface and finally escape through the aforenamed outlet to
the chimney.
A small steam engine of suitable construction is mounted on a suitable bracket
fixed to the mantle or casing and sets a shaft in rotation by means of an appro-
priate crank which said shaft has its bearings in two standards fixed to the base
plate above the water receptacle.
This shaft carries the fly wheel, strap drum and two excentrics one of which
drives an air pump the other a water pump,

page_text: The said water pump is arranged in the water reservoir and is in communication
with the boiler by means of a pipe or tube whereas the air pump is mounted on the
cover to the water reservoir and also has a tube or pipe communicating with the
boiler which said pipe is led into or connected to the water pipe of the water pump
and is thus brought into communication with the generating space of the boiler.
In order to be able to vary the quantity of air and water fed to the boiler the
excentrics can be so constructed that the same can be readily adjusted.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of my improved apparatus on the line x y in
Figure 3 with the water pump in section.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same figure on the line x1 y1,-Fig. 3 is a
plan or top view of my improved apparatus.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the adjustable excentric.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the sleeve or muff and
Figure 6 an elevation of the excentric.
The base plate D¹ is mounted on the water reservoir D and carries the mantle or
casing A. The mantle or casing A is lined with refractory material and is pro-
vided with the furnace-grate B and also a suitable outlet C for the spent products
of combustion to the chimney. A number of brackets B¹ are arranged above the
fireproof or refractory lining and serve to carry the steam generator A* which is
separated from the superheater A¹ by a horizontal partition E¹ provided with
suitable valves b. The said superheater carries the safety valve F1 and the
manometer G¹ which are so arranged that they stand above the cover of the
exterior mantle or casing A. A small steam engine M the connecting rod M¹ of
which is connected to the crank L¹ of the crank shaft G, is mounted on a
bracket K¹ fixed to the mantle or casing A.
The said crank shaft G has its bearings in the standards N¹ 0¹ carries the
fly wheel P¹, the fixed and lose strap drums Q1 Q3, two excentrics H. H' and the
excentric I¹ of the regulating slide of the steam engine. The excentric H actuates
the piston of the water pump F arranged in the water reservoir in such manner
that the suction tube E will reach into the water in the said reservoir.
The pump is provided with valves in known manner, is extended beyond or
above the base plate D¹ and carries laterally near its upper end a pipe or tube f
which communicates with the short tube f¹. The excentric H¹ serves to actuate
the pump I mounted on the cover to the water reservoir D and carrying a pipe or
tube g, which is connected to the short pipe or tube f¹.
This said short pipe or tube f¹ is securely fixed to the mantle or casing A and
leads into a pipe or tube r arranged in the steam generator.-The water and air
pumps can be single or double acting.
The adjustable excentric is constructed as follows-
The sleeve or muff l m n o is keyed to the shaft G the extension of which p q r s
is of square form.
An oblong opening t u v w is formed in the excenter H in such manner that the
shorter sides tu and vw are of like size with the square extension to the sleeve or.
muff mno which fits exactly into the opening of the said excentric and can
reciprocate in the same.
The excentric is fixed to the sleeve or muff by means of the disc or collar P and
screws or bolts a a whereas the position of the same can be regulated by means of
the screws S T U which are guided in small bearings in the excentric E so that
they can operate on the said sleeve or muff.
The excentric is provided with appropriate graduations R which denote the
atmospheric pressure under which it is desired to work and which correspond with
the position of the excentric. The operation of the motor with the simultaneously
operating air and water pumps is as follows-
By each revolution of the shaft G a quantity of air and water corresponding to
the diameter and stroke of the pistons of the pumps, is forced through the two tubes
or pipes f g which are connected to the short tube or pipe f' and through the piper

page_text: into the steam generator A² in such manner that the water is converted into fine
spray by the compressed air simultaneously injected.
This water spray is rapidly converted into steam the action of which is
augmented by the expansion of the compressed air injected with the feed water.
This admixture of steam and air passes through the valves b into the super-.
heater A¹ and from thence through the tube or pipe to the machine M for driving
the same. In gas motors the greatest effect is obtained by a mixture of gas and air
and a like excellent effect can be obtained in steam engines by employing a mixture
of steam and air-If by means of suitable experiments the most favorable pro-
portions of air and water have been ascertained and the diameter of the pistons of
the air and water pumps determined, the excentrics are fixed so that each stroke of
the pistons one and the same quantity of air and water will be continuously pumped
into the steam generator.
If it is desired to increase the pressure in ordinary steam boilers it is only
necessary to use a stronger fire as the water to be converted into steam is contained
in the boiler but as in the steam generator described above no more water can be
converted into steam, or air be expanded than is forced into the generator at each
stroke of the pumps and this quantity of water and air by continuous working
cannot produce more steam-air than is injected by the next stroke a stronger firing
aloue will not suffice to produce a greater pressure in the boiler or generator but
can only have effect when a larger quantity of water and air is injected into the
said steam generator.
If the pressure is to be reduced the quantity of water and air fed to the generator
must be decreased but both of these operations can only be carried into effect by
making the stroke of the pumps adjustable.
As however for small generators two, and for larger generators four pumps for
two air pumps are mounted on the same shaft the customary mode of regulating
the stroke by means of an adjustable disc at the end of the shaft cannot be
employed and the adjustable excentric therefore becomes an absolutely necessary
requisite for this kind of feed.
The position which the excentric must occupy in order to attain a maximum
pressure in the generator which said pressure cannot be exceeded by the most
excessive firing, can be ascertained by a few experiments the results of which are
marked in atmospheres on the graduated scale R. If for instance the engine is to
be driven with a pressure not exceeding 4 atmospheres the excentric is adjusted to
N° 4 of the graduations and if the firing is not too weak a pressure will be attained
which will constantly remain at a little under 4 atmospheres.
For small motors where a variable pressure during the working is desirable,
ordinary feed excentrics can be employed.
The cylinders of the pumps are of medium size and the suction pipe of the water
pump rendered adjustable by means of a screw so that the inlet can be diminished
or increased in area and the pump force up more or less water so that the pressure
in the generator can be increased as may be desirable.
The regulating screw is provided with a pointer z which moves over a suitably
graduated scale corresponding by previously made experiments with the desired
number of atmospheres.
As hereby the quantity of air and water remains constant the desired proportions
of the mixture of steam and air will not always be the most effective but however
sufficient for small motors.
It will be evident from the foregoing specification that my improved method of
feeding boilers with an admixture of compressed air and water in spray form can be
applied to boilers of almost any construction, form or size whether horizontal
or vertical and that the water reservoir and also the water and air pumps can be
placed in any desired position either above, below or laterally to the said boiler.
Although I have for clearness sake shown the application of my said invention
to small motors I desire it to be understood that I by no means contine myself to

page_text: the special application to such said small motors as my said invention can be
applied with like advantage to boilers of all sizes and systems.
. Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The improved method of continuously feeding boilers or steam generators with
water and compressed air in such manner that by employing suitable single or
double acting water and air pumps the water is ejected into the generator in finely
divided or spray form and combined with the compressed air from the air pump or
pumps substantially as described in the foregoing specification.
2. The construction and application of the adjustable excentrics for regulating
the stroke of the piston or connecting rods by means of the four cornered or square
part pqrs of the muff or sleeve l m n o which can be adjusted in the oblong
opening t u v win the excentrics H and H¹ by means of the screws or screw
bolts ST U substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in
the accompanying drawings.
3. The combination of the sleeve or muff I m no and the square extension p q r s
to the same with the collar or disc P, the crank shaft G and the excentric H or H¹
substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the accom-
panying drawings.
4. In a feeding device for steam boilers or generators the combination of the
water pump F and water reservoir D with the air pump I and the adjustable
excentrics Hand H¹ substantially as described in the foregoing specification and
shown in the accompanying drawings.
5. The combination of the excentrics H and H¹ and the water and air pumps F. I
and the graduations R substantially as and for the purpose set forth in the fore-
going specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Witnesses
GUSTAV CARNIEZ
EMANUEL PH. STIRASNY.
FRANZ HEINRICH MOLDENHAUER.