IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN MACHINERY FOR PRESSING OR BALING HAY, STRAW, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND COMPRESSING AND SACKING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND IN MACHINERY FOR PRESSING OR BALING HAY, STRAW, AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES, AND COMPRESSING AND SACKING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by Peter Kells Dederick, of
Albany, in the County of Albany, State of New York, United States of
America.
Sealed the 13th February 1880, and dated the 19th December 1879.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1879.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN MACHINERY FOR PRESSING OR BALING
HAY, STRAW, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND COMPRESSING AND SACKING COTTON
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by Peter
Kells Dederick, of Albany, in the County of Albany, State of New York, United
States of America.
The first part of this Invention consists of a press for baling hay, straw, cotton
and other substances in which the material to be baled is condensed in sections or
layers, the loose material being received at one end of a chamber or press box
forcibly condensed and bound into bales therein, and then ejected therefrom by a
continuous operation, the finished bale forming by the friction induced by its impinge-
ment against the walls of the press box, the resisting object or head against which
to press the succeeding bales, as will be understood from the following description :-
The second part of the Invention relates to novel means for operating the press,
and consists in the combination of gearing either applied to the frame of the press,
or arranged on a separate frame and connected to the pitman or connecting rod of
the traverser by a crank or in any other suitable manner.
The third part of the Invention consists in a novel universal coupling joint and also
in horse powers, which are compact and simple, and especially designed for
machinery for baling hay and other substances.

page_text: Figure
Figure
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view of the new baling
press showing the gearing for moving the traverser, and a horse power for actuating
the gearing of the press. Figures 2 and 3 are details of the connecting rod, crank,
worm, screw, and perimeter wheel. Figure 4 is a perspective view of the machine
arranged on wheels and designed to be driven either by a belt or by the improved
universal joint coupling communicating with any convenient prime motor
5 is a side elevation of the machine. Figure 6 is a top view of the same
7 is a section taken vertically and longitudinally through the machine showing the
traverser at the back stroke. Figure is a section taken horizontally through
Figure 7 in the plar indicated by dotted line x, x. Figures 9 and 10 are sectional
views showing the process of filling the press chamber, forming a bale, and dis-
charging the same by a continuous operation. Figures 11 and 12 show the
construction of the slotted follower partitions used between the bales in the
press chamber. Figure 13 is a view in detail of the feed board showing the
manner of pivoting it to its rock lever and guide bar. Figure 14 shows a complete
bale and also the pressed sections or layers of which it is formed. Figure 15 is an
elevation of one end of the press. Figure 16 is a section taken vertically and
tiansversely through the press in the plane indicated by dotted line on Figures
5 and 7. Figure 17 is a vertical section through the press box in the plane indicated
by dotted line on Figures 5 and 7. Figure 18 is a plan view of the perforated
or screen platform. Figure 19 is a perspective view of the bearing box for the
crank wheels which carry the wrist pin of the pitman or connecting rod that moves
the traverser. Figures 20, 21, and 22 show the new universal coupling. Figure
23 is a vertical transverse section through Figures 5 and 7 taken in the plane
indicated by dotted line x Figure 24 is a vertical transverse section taken through
Figures 5 and 7 taken in the plane indicated by dotted lines. Figure 25 is a
vertical transverse section taken through Figures 5 and 7 in the plane indicated by
dotted line showing the corners filled. Figures 26, 27, 28, and 29 show several
plans for preventing a recoil of the pressed mass when the traverser recedes from
it. Figures 30 and 31 show the clamping hub of the balance wheel. Figure 32 is
a perspective view of a press showing the elliptical wheel horse power applied
to it. Figures 33 and 34 are sectional views of the horse power of Figure 32.
Figure 35 is a top view of the horse power, one cross beam of which is partly
broken away. Figures 36 and 37 show a groove cam combined with the elliptic
gear for operating the pitman or connecting rod of the traverser. Figures 38 and
39 show an eccentric combined with the elliptic gears for operating the pitman rod.
Figures 40, 41, and 42 show a horse power having a circular stationary gear and
inclined rotating gear adapted for driving the baling press. Figure 43 shows a
combined press and horse power wherein the horse passes underneath the machine.
Figure 44 is a plan or top view of the same. Figure 45 is a sectional view
showing the connections. Figure 46 represents a modification of this form of press.
Figures 47 to 51 show improvements adapting the press for baling and sacking
cotton. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the various
Figures.
The letter A designates the traverser; B, the bales in process of being formed;
C, the finished bales; one of which is represented in Figures 4 and 10 as being
ejected from the press box while a new bale is forming, the bales being separated
from each other in the press box by the loose follower partitions F, Figures 10, 11,
and 12. Each forkfull of fresh material is pressed by the traverser A and forced
within the chamber, thereby moving the entire mass along and allowing the work
to be performed continuously, or without stopping to bind a bale or to remove it.
Thus it will be seen that the pressed bale forms the resisting head, and that the
loose material is fed into one end of the press chamber, forcibly condensed therein
and ejected from the opposite end of the chamber. The press chamber may be
constructed shorter than the one shown so as to contain only a single bale at a
time, and a suitable head applied to receive the pressure; but thus constructed the
operation of the press would not be continuous. The bales shown in Figures 13

page_text: and 14 are of an oblong shape built up in pressed sections or layers, and bound
around endwise so that the layers are all held together compactly. The Drawings
illustrate the press with some variation in the construction of the power for
operating it, but the press box and bale chamber are essentially the same wherever
shown, and consists of a box arranged horizontally or upright and provided with
the rectilinear reciprocating traverser A above referred to; this box or frame may be
constructed in any suitable manner, and it may be mounted on wheels, as shown by
Figure 4, if desired. For the purpose of increasing the durability of the box I line
the entire inside with sheet metal G which is firmly secured to the wood planking
H. Damp substances, damp weather, and even different qualities of hay or other
substance will seriously affect the operation of baling in a wood lined chamber
where the finished bales themselves form the resistance or head against which to
preas the succeeding mass. With the metal lining the friction is even and regular.
The angles of the press box are filled with strips a, Figure 17, which remove the
sharp corners from the bales. Beneath the feed opening I provide a screen K,
illustrated in Figures 7, 8, and 24, for the purpose of allowing the dust and dirt to
escape as the material is fed into the pressing chamber.
Inside of the press
chamber at about the terminus of the forward stroke of the traverser I form a
recess entirely round the chamber shown in Figures 7 and 10, so as to leave a
retaining shoulder h which will prevent the pressed material from expanding back;
this shoulder should be covered with metal to make it durable, and the metal
allowed to project a little. In addition to this retaining shoulder / some form of
retainer extended into the chamber is required to hold the partition followers F,
and this may be springs, shown by Figures 27 and 28, applied to the walls of the
press or a hinged retainer, Figure 26, may be used. I may also use a broad tapered
and binged plate, shown by Figure 29, and acted on by a spring placed behind it.
These retainers are forced out of the chamber by the hay or followers while passing
them, and they may be forced in again by the power, as in Figure 27, or by their
own spring action.
A spur wheel or a ratchet wheel may be made to operate through the tying slots
b from the outside of the press and answer the same purpose; the several retaining
devices above described may be used separately or together. The traverser A
shown in several Figures is operated by the power of the press, and it is con-
structed to fit the box, and is provided with a yielding side as shown, formed by
transverse planks M and longitudinal spring plauks N. The cross planks are omitted at
the nose or forward end of the traverser, so that the planks N will spring down in
the spaces to make room for the hay overlapping the traverser and prevent bending;
steel springs and a hinged vertical side would be an equivalent device for allowing
the follower to yield. Over the forward end of the traverser A covering the spaces
o formed by the omission of cross planking I binge an apron or shield P to the top
spring or plank to prevent the material from being pressed into the said spaces.
The discharge end of the press box at Q, Figure 4, is constructed adjustable or
so that the sides may be contracted or expanded by the cross rods R confining them
together, thus affording all the friction on the bales required for compact_pressing;
the four sides of the press box may be adjustable if found necessary.
The bands
or braces S, S, around the press box are also adjustable for the purpose above
named, and they also afford a necessary support to the timbers of the frame. Each
side of the bale chamber or box is constructed with tying slots b running longi-
tudinally with respect to the length of the box, through which slots the ties for
securing the bales are passed, the slots on both sides of the box being opposite to
each other and registering with the dove tail grooves f in the sides of the follower
partitions F which are arranged between each mass of hay forming a bale. Through
the slots in the followers F the bands are passed, the ends of which are tied during
the movement of the bales through the press box so that they are discharged
therefrom finished.
To adapt the press for sacking cotton or other fibrous material the discharge end
of the baling chamber will be fitted with the sacking device shown in Figures 48

page_text: and 49. B¹ is the sacking device secured at the discharge end of the press by
means of flexible pieces or springs C¹. D¹ represents the sack or bag into which
the bale is discharged shown in position on the elastic or expansive spout and
secured by a rubber or other elastic band or strap E. F is a rest or support for
the bale. The funnel or sacking device is shown as formed of four angular sections
secured to the discharge end by the springs or flexible connections C' which may
be attached only at the corners, or at both sides and corners, but leaving one side
open for removal of the partition followers; this construction admits expansion of
the funnel to receive the expanded bale. The end of the funnel toward the press
chamber is flanged outward so as to present a smooth edge or surface to the bale,
and the entire device supported by the flexible connections at such distance from
the chamber end that the operator will have sufficient time to remove the bale,
take out the follower, and slip another sack in position over the funnel before the
advancing bale strikes the funnel and expands it. By thus supporting the funnel
at a distance from the discharge end I am enabled to remove the partition follower
at the side instead of forcing it through the end, and also to apply the sack
without difficulty; this distance may be varied to suit the time required and may
The
also be increased by cutting away the inner walls of the baling chamber.
expansion of the funnel retains the sack and prevents it being drawn off too fast,
and as further tension the elastic band El is applied.
Another construction adapted for sacking is shown in Figure 47. In this case
the metal lining of the press is extended beyond the discharge end of the bale
chamber, to support and hold the sack, and serve as a funnel and conductor for the
bale. This ensures an unobstructed passage for the bale, and the sack can be easily
and quickly slipped over the end. As the bale emerges it draws the sack off from
the extended lining or conductor, and is itself gradually enveloped by the sack as
will be readily understood. The bands used in securing the bales are constructed
from wire with an eye U at one end, as shown by Figures 15a and 16a, and an oblong
loop V on the other end, formed by doubling the wire back and twisting it fast.
The use of this double or looped end of the wire is to facilitate passing the band
through the slots made through the press box and follower partitions, and also to
strengthen the band at the tie; the bands may be used to separate one bale from
another without the followers, by passing the band through the press box, forward
of the bales, but this would retard the operation of baling, and it could not well
be continuous.
In baling cotton it is essential that the wires or ties which bind the bales shall
lie below the surface, so that the sack may be readily applied, and to give the bale
a smooth and finished appearance when completed. To accomplish this end I
employ ribs or projections within the press box for forming grooves or depressions
in the bales for the reception of the ties. I also employ rollers for pressing the
ties into the grooves or depressions. These features are shown in Figures 47, 50,
and 51. I' are projections arranged at the ends of the tying slots in the bale
chamber, next the press box, or there may be raised flanges J¹, J', on each side of
the tying slots throughout their entire length, as shown in Figure 50, the functions
of such projections and flanges being to crease or groove the sides of the bale opposite
the tying slots, so that the tie shall be embedded in the surface of the bale. K¹, K¹,
are wheels or rollers arranged in each slot near the discharge end of the bale chamber,
with their peripheries in line or nearly so with the inner surface of the lining, so
as to bear upon the ties, and force them into their respective grooves should
they project.
The timbers W, shown clearly in Figure 8, on each side of the press box, and
between the slots 6 are constructed bulging or convex longitudinally on their inner
edges, so as to crown or curve the planking on the inner side in such manner that
it will not spring out more than straight during the operation of pressing the bales.
This is a very important feature in the press for the reason that if the inner edges
of the timbers W were straight they would spring or bow outward, so that the
chamber would be widest mid length and thus greatly diminish the friction required

page_text: to form the necessary head or resistance, as well as to obscure the grooves in the
follower partitions.
1
0*
The press is provided with a hopper X, Figures 7, 9, 10, for receiving the loose
material, and this hopper is extended on one side over and beyond the feed
opening Y. The hopper is provided with a movable end or slide Z, which is
secured to slides 2 on opposite sides of the press, and which pass through the
hopper sides longitudinally to the forward end of the traverser, where they are
connected to uprights 3 secured to the traverser A, thereby giving motion
to the hopper slide Z corresponding to the motion given to the traverser, and con-
densing or moving all of the material into the throat Y of the hopper. This
condensing movement takes place as the traverser recedes, and the hopper
is enlarged as the traverser is forced within the pressing chamber.
designates the stationary bottom of the hopper. 5 is a stationary girt in the frame
of the press feed, which girt has a rounded edge faced with metal to facilitate the
pressing in of the hay overlapping the traverser. D designates a bar with a
rounded lower edge which is loosely applied between the girts 5 and 7 and is
allowed to receive free vertical play so that it will drop down about three inches
within the press chamber. The ends of the bar D are shouldered, as shown in
Figure 16, to prevent it from falling too far down within the press chamber. This
bar D is designed to fold down the hay overlapping the traverser after the latter is
withdrawn, as shown in Figure 9. Bar D is forced up out of the way of the
traverser by the material coming in contact with its bevelled edge. In addition to
the weight of the bar D, to press or fold down the overlapping hay, the hopper
slides 2 are provided with bevelled shoes 8 firmly secured to them, which strikes
the folder bar D just after the traveser A is withdrawn and force or wedge it
down and hold it there until the traverser brings forward another charge of
material to retain the fold.
Figures 1 and 18, 23 and 24, illustrate a screen scaffolding T, which is hinged or
otherwise secured to the frame on one side of the hopper in order to sift some of
the dirt out of the material before it is put into the hopper, and also to serve as a
support for the attendant. This screen T is formed of strips of wood or other
material secured together, and having arranged beneath of it a cloth, slide, or box
to collect the dirt sifted through the screen. Suspended over the press is a rock
lever 9, which has its fulcrum upon the standards 10. One end of the lever 9
passes loosely through bar 11, which is arranged to slide freely through the girt E.
At the opposite end of lever 9, and between the two side pieces of which this lever
is formed, a head 12 is pivoted or hinged, and to this head is adjustably secured a feed
board 14, so as to be moved up and down in order to feed the material down more
or less as may be required for the purpose of making the top and bottom of the
bale equally compact. To the upper end of this head 12 a bar 15 is hinged or
pivoted connecting with the standards 10 at a point above the journals of the
lever 9. The object of this is to guide the lower serrated end of the feed board 14
in a straight line through the centre of the hopper instead of sweeping a curve as
it would if the head were rigidly secured to the rock lever. This device is operated
by the power of the press through means of the slide bar 11, which is so
arranged that the feed board is forced down through the hopper and feed opening
into the press box, at about the time the traverser A. is withdrawn, and the
material is condensed by the slide Z over the feed opening Y so that it is carried
along by the feed board within the press box and in front of the traverser. The
feed board is withdrawn by the weight 16 after the power releases the lever 9,
although a guard board 17 is secured to the rock lever 9, so as to be struck by the
transverse portion of standards 3, thus forcing it up if for any reason the weight
16 fails to do so. In Figures 1, 2 and 3, the power consists of a crank 19 which
revolves in boxes located on timbers secured to the main frame. This crank is
connected to the traverser A. by a pitman or connecting rod 20, and with it forms &
toggle as the crank nears a straight line. The projecting end of the pitman during
the revolution of the crank strikes under the lower end of the slide bar 11, and

page_text: operates the rock lever 9. On one end of the crank shaft 19, and extending outside
of the press is arranged a worm wheel 21 and over it is a worm and shaft 22 for
driving it. On this shaft 22 is keyed a driving pulley 23, and a balance wheel 24,
which latter could not be dispensed with for the reason that all of the power is
required at one point of the revolution of the crank; this balance wheel accumulates
the power, and by its momentum carries the crank over the centre during the act
of pressing. The balance wheel may be permanently fixed on its shaft 22, or it
may be secured on it by friction, as shown by Figures 30 and 31, 25 being a collar
which is firmly secured to the shaft, and 26 a friction flange, between which and
the collar, the balance wheel is clamped by bolts, as shown. Under ordinary strain
the balance wheel and its shaft will turn together, but should the strain be so
great as would be liable to break or derange the machine the balance wheel will
slip on its shaft.
The driving power, represented by Figures 1, 40, and 42, consists in a wheel 27
revolving in a stationary journal box 28, through which is passed a diagonal or
inclined pinion shaft 29 having bevelled pinions 30 on its extremities, one geared to
the bottom side of wheel 27 and the other geared to the top side of this wheel.
On this pinion shaft 29 is keyed a gear wheel 31 which drives a smaller wheel on
a shaft 32, to which latter is coupled a tumbling rod 33 connecting with the press
through the medium of gearing or a belt wheel, as shown. The shaft 32 may be
coupled to the shaft 22 when more power and less speed is required. The coupling
connecting the tumbling rod is formed with jaws provided with feathers or ribs 34,
Figures 20 and 22, and connected by a ball 35 recessed at right angles to correspond
to and fit loosely the feathers 34 of the coupling jaws, thus forming a very effective
and cheap coupling, requiring no bolts or pins for securing it together.
Around the outside of the cogs of wheel 27 is a band or flange 36 of iron, around
which is passed a strong strap of iron, which is secured to the frame of the horse
lever or sweep 37 and operated by means of a hand lever 38, thus forming an
adjustable friction brake, so that the horse may start the power gradually and
without shock. Any other driving power may be adopted and connected by a belt
direct to the pulley 23, if desired. In the press of Figures 4, 5, and 6, the pitman
crank pin 61 is formed by two crank wheels 39, which are located upon independent
bearings 40 cast on the inside surface of an iron frame 62.
Through these wheels the crank pin 61 passes, which pin is connected by the
pitman 20 of the traverser, as shown in Figures 7 and 8. The frame 62 is secured
within the press frame and the wheels are driven by pinions 64 keyed on a hori-
zontal shaft 42, on the ends of which and outside of the press frame are keyed large
gear wheels 43, which in turn are driven by pinions keyed on the driving shaft 44.
On this driving shaft is a belt pulley 45 and also a balance wheel 46, secured in the
same manner as the balance wheel in the power previously described. The opera-
tion of the crank pin 61 is exactly similar to that of the crank 19 and it operates
the slide bar 11 in the same manner. In connecting the driving power of Figure 1
to Figure 4 the tumbling rod 33 is coupled with shaft 45, which is secured to the
bottom of the press frame and provided with pinions which gear with the crank
wheels 39.
In Figures 32, 33, 34, and 35, the power is provided with elliptical eccentric
gear wheels 46 and 47, one of which is secured to a crank 48, to the wrist pin of
which the pitman 20 forms a connection with the traverser A. The other gear
wheel 46, is provided with a shaft 49 having rigidly secured on its upper end a
disc 50. On this disc lugs or studs are fixed with which the sweeps or horse lever
is loosely engaged so that the wheels and shaft may move on unrestrained at the
rebound of the crank while passing the centre, thereby relieving the horses from
shock. These gear wheels are so arranged and constructed that the shortest radius
of the wheel 46 engages the longest radius of the wheel 47 during the act of
pressing, thereby giving considerable leverage at the moment required. I also
construct the wheels 46 and 47 thickest and strongest at those parts which engage
with each other when the greatest pressure is applied to the bale. Beneath the

page_text: wheels 46 and 47 is a plate of iron 54 constructed with a journal box for the shaft 49
and also with a hub 55 for the crank wheel 47. The wrist pin of the crank 48 to
which the pitman 20 is applied is formed as shown in the Figures of the Drawings
last referred to. The frame of this power is constructed of wide planks 56 firmly
bolted to cross sills 57, and similar cross beams 58 are secured on top of the planks,
one of which beams affords a bearing for the vertical driving shaft 49 and the other
beam affords a bearing to the wrist pin of crank 48, the top of which pin bears
upward against it during the act of pressing.
In all of these Figures a crank and pitman or toggle joint are shown as the
essential elements of the power, but an eccentric 72, shown by Figures 38 and 39,
or a grooved cam 73, shown by Figures 36 and 37, may be adopted.
In the operation of the machine the discharge end of the press chamber is
adjusted or screwed up a little, according to the amount of friction, resistance, or
head required, and rectilinear reciprocating motion is communicated to the
traverser A through the medium of the power described. The hay or other product
is then pitched into the hopper X and condensed or forced over the feed' opening Y
by the hopper slide Z, from which opening the material is fed into the press box in
front of the traverser A by the feed board 14 and then pressed past the retainers
and retaining shoulders by said traverser. This operation is continued until the
press chamber is filled; meantime, the friction on the pressed material, as it is
forced along, has continually increased. One of the loose followers F is now
inserted through the feed opening behind the pressed mass and the operation of
filling and pressing in layers is continued until a sufficient quantity of pressed
material is pressed to form a bale, when another follower is adjusted in its place.
This operation of pressing is continuous, and the bales are bound before they are
forced out of the press chamber, so that the bales are finished in the press chamber
and ejected therefrom as soon as new bales are formed.
In Figures 43, 44, 45, and 46, the press and horse power are shown as combined
in one machine and fitted so that the horse may pass underneath the machine
instead of over a bridge. In this machine the power of the crank or toggle is
applied in a line directly or nearly so toward the centre of the traverser or resis-
tance, and an arched slide or gate used to span the passage for the horse. A³ is
the press box; B³, bale chamber; C³, the hopper and feed orifice; D³, D³, the
timbers connecting the press and power or frame, and between which is the feed
orifice. Es is the power frame; F is a rod extending from the press to the power
underneath the horse passage, a chain or any other equivalent connection will
answer; ; G is a slide bar or brace to hold the rod or chain down during the
operation and also to hold it up while the press is being transported. H³ is a
grate; Is, the crank and power shaft; K³, the pitman or connection; L³, the
traverser; M³, the sweep or horse lever; N³, the lug plates by means of which the
power through the lever is applied. The entire frame of the machine is constructed
of strong timbers and may be supported by truss rods if desired, and all mounted
on a truck, as shown, the lever M³ moving over and around one pair of wheels, and
the connection timbers D³ being at sufficient distance from the ground to admit of
the horse passing under them. The crank Is and pitman K³ work in the power
frame, as shown, and the slide or gate H³ is provided with ways, also in the power
frame. The other end of the gate H³ is firmly secured to the traverser L³, and the
gate itself forms an arch of equal height with the connection timbers D³, D³, and
works between them. The shaft I passes through the power frame and is extended
or provided with an extension which passes through the sweep and lug plate and
into the bolster, and may pass entirely through both bolster and axle so as to form
a king bolt. Thus the connection between the press and truck passes through the
sweep or horse lever and acts as the journal for the same, and one end of the rod FS
is also secured to or near this extension and the other to the press body. When
used without trucks this extension may rest in a step or box, or the shaft may turn
on a pivot or rest under the shaft, in all these cases the press being supported
through the sweep. The advantage of this arrangement of supporting the press at

page_text: one end through or by means of the power shaft is that it may be operated with
the lever rotated around underneath the press, which could not otherwise be accom-
plished, as the horse would have to be bridged or driven over a separate power, as
before. It will be seen that the rod and connection timbers constitute a direct
connection between the press and power in the form of a stirrup, the power end
being the base or rest and the press end the resistance.
It is possible by the free use of truss rods to so strengthen and stiffen the
connection timbers D³ as to dispense with the rod F³, but more weight and expense
would be required in the machine, and the operation would not be as satisfactory.
All other parts of the press are constructed in a manner similar to this class of
presses, as before described. In order to accumulate power in compact baling the
oval gear power before described may be made use of, and in that case the shaft
might be hollow and the connection between press and truck pass through it, or be
pivoted in with the same effect. The gate H and pitman K³ might also be
connected rigidly with similar effect, and thus form together an arched pitman and
be pivoted to the traverser.
In operation the horses are attached to the sweep, and pass entirely around two
of the wheels of the truck a full circle under the arched frame of the press and
arched gate of the pitman. The hay is pitched in and pressed in sections, each
round of the horse pressing a section, and the operation continued as before
described. The feeding orifice may be at one side if desired instead of at the top.
In moving the press the horse lever may be connected by a chain to the bale
chamber or press end, thus forming a reach, or it might be used as a pole for the
truck; also the brace or slide may be drawn up and the rod FS screwed up so as
to act as a draw rod in moving. The truck under the power shaft I might also be
revolved with said shaft and lever M³ without material changes in device or
operation, but should be pivoted in a step resting on the ground at a point under
the axle in order to hold the machine in position.
The power frame and press constitute one machine, the base or support of the
power being on the truck over or with which the horse lever rotates, and the power
is exerted in the press chamber on the other truck, the two being connected to
form an unyielding frame, and so as to admit of the horse passing under to complete
a circuit.
In Figure 46 the power of the shaft is transferred to the traverser by means of
levers S, S³, which are fulcrumed above the framing D³, and connected by a link T⁹,
one lever Ss being connected loosely to the pitman K³, and the other lever S³
connected by a link S with the traverser; or the levers S³, S³, may be pivoted on
the frame D³, and be connected together by the link T at their upper ends, the
change simply making them levers of a different order, the result being the same
that a passage is formed beneath for the horse. The construction may be further
modified by carrying the power shaft upwards to a horizontal frame, or timber
spanning the horse passage, placing the crank or gearing on the upper end of this
shaft and connecting the frame by a horizontal pitman to a lever that is hung in
the press frame, and is connected at its lower end to the traverser. These modi-
fications operate on the same principle.
The elliptic gearing for operating the follower may be arranged, as shown in
Figure 52, to multiply the motion of the sweep, while at the same time giving a
slow forward and quick backward motion. The driver Ts has its axis in the centre,
and each semi-circumference divided by the major axis is constructed on a line
conforming to wheel Us throughout its complete revolution, the wheel US having
half as many teeth as Ts, and geared with it, so that the high parts of one wheel
work in the low parts of the other whereby I obtain two revolutions of one gear to
one of the other.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters
Patent 18,
1st. In the operation of pressing hay and other substances utilizing the previously

page_text: pressed substance as a head or resistance against which to press other bales,
substantially as described.
2nd. A pressing chamber in which the operation of feeding in the material,
pressing and binding the same, and ejecting the finished bales, is conducted con-
tinuously, substantially as described.
3rd. The process of ejecting the finished bales from the press chamber by pressing
additional charges or layers against them, substantially as specified.
4th. A press case which is provided with a feed opening Y at one end and at
its top, and tying slots 6 at its sides, substantially as described.
5th. The follower partitions F constructed with dove tail slots f, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
6th. The stationary retaining shoulders located in the press chamber at or
near the terminus of the pressing stroke of the traverser A, substantially as
described.
7th. In combination with the press chamber, spring, or yielding retainers,
constructed substantially as shown by Figures 26, 27, 28 and 29, for the purpose
specified.
8th. A metal lined pressing chamber which is slotted longitudinally and·
strengthened, substantially as described.
9th. The screen or perforated bottom K arranged beneath the feed opening Y,
substantially as described.
10th. The feed hopper X provided with a rectilinear reciprocating condensing
end or head Z, substantially as described.
11th. The combination of the horizontal press case with a hopper X and a
traverser A, substantially as described.
12th. The traverser constructed so that one side will spring or yield, substan-
tially as and for the purpose described.
13th. A baling chamber having adjustable walls which can be expanded or
contracted, substantially as and for the purpose described.
14th. The bevelled filling strips a arranged at the corners of the press box, for
the purpose described.
15th. In combination with the planking forming the vertical sides of the press
box, the beams or ribs W constructed with curved or straight inner edges, for the
purpose described.
16th. The traverser ▲ constructed, as described, in combination with the pitman
or connecting rod 20, and crank 19, or the equivalent thereof, substantially as and
for the purpose described.
17th. The traverser of a baling press controlled in its movements by means of a
balance wheel, which is held on its shaft by a friction clamping hub that will allow
this wheel to slip when the press is subjected to undue strain, substantially as
described.
18th. The frame or box 62 made of two parts, secured together and constructed
with studs or bearings 40 for the crank wheels 39, substantially as described.
19th. In a baling press, constructed substantially as described, the crank wheels
39 and wrist pin 61 combined as specified.
20th. The vertically vibrating feed board combined with the hopper X and feed
opening Y, substantially as and for the purpose described.
21st. In a baling press, a crank 10 or its equivalent in combination with the
worm wheel 21, worm screw 22, and balance wheel 24, arranged substantially as
and for the purpose described.
22nd. In combination with the traverser A, the pitman crank 19 and worm
wheel, arranged substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
23rd. The adjustable strengthening bands S applied around the press box,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
24th. The folding bar D arranged in and combined with the press, substantially
in the manner and for the purpose described.

page_text: 25th. The hinged or pivoted apron or leaf P combined with the traverser A,
constructed substantially as and for the purpose described.
26th. The elliptical gear wheels 46 and 47 thickened and strengthened at those
points which meet when the power is being applied to press the loose material
in the baling chamber, substantially in the manner described.
27th. The screen scaffold or attendant stand T combined with the baling press,
as described.
28th. The plate 50 on shaft 49 constructed with lugs 51 in combination
with a sweep or horse lever loosely applied, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
29th. The bed plate 54 constructed with a journal box for shaft 49 and also
with a stud for the wheel 47, substantially as described.
30th. The combination of the hollow journal rim 28 with a driving spur wheel
27, and an inclined shaft 29 bearing pinions 30, arranged as described.
31st. In combination with the grooved coupling ball 35 the feathers 34 formed
on the coupling jaws, substantially as described.
32nd. In combination with the rock lever 9, carrying the feed board 14 at one
end, and a weight 16 on the other end, the guide rod 11 and pitman 20,
substantially as described.
33rd. In combination with the baling chamber of a press, an elastic or expansive
funnel or sacking device composed of angular sections, as and for the purpose
set forth.
34th. A sacking device or funnel secured and extended from the discharge end
of a baling chamber by means of springs or pliant connections, as set forth.
35th. In combination with an elastic funnel or sacking device arranged at the
discharge end of a baling press I claim the plate or support F¹, as and for the
purposes set forth.
36th. The elastic band or strap E' in combination with an elastic or expansive
sacking device, as and for the purposes set forth.
37th. A sectional elastic or expansive sacking and bale conducting device
arranged at the end of the press chamber, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
38th. The herein described mode of compressing and sacking cotton or other
loose fibrous material, to wit, by pressing the same into bales, tying the bales off
in the bale chamber, and forcing them directly into sacks, substantially as
described.
30th. In the class of presses for baling and sacking cotton or other loose fibrous
material in which the bales are simultaneously and continuously formed, and bound
within and ejected from the bale chamber, the lining of the press extended beyond
the discharge end of the bale chamber for the purpose of holding the sacks and
serving as the conductor for the bales into the sacks, substantially as described.
40th. In a baling press in which the bales are tied off through slots in the sides
of the bale chamber, means substantially as described for forming creases or
grooves in the bales for the reception of the ties, substantially as described.
41st. In a continuously operating bailing press, rollers or wheels arranged in the
tying slots for embedding the ties in the bales, substantially as described.
42nd. In a baling press and power combined, the combination and connection of
the truck and frame of the press through or by means of the power shaft I³, as set
forth.
43rd. The combination of the sweep or horse levor with the truck and press
frame connected through said sweep or horse lever, for the purposes set forth.
44th. A horizontal baling press having its power end elevated and supported
through or by means of the power, whereby the sweep or horse lever is rotated
underneath the frame of the press, as set forth.
45th. In a horizontal baling press, the combination of the horse lever rotated as
set forth, with the arched frame or connection between the base or foot of the

page_text: power and the resistance or bale chamber, is substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
46th. In a baling press in which the horse lever or sweep is rotated underneath
the frame, as set forth, I claim the rod F³ or equivalent connection, connecting the
press chamber under or through the horse lever or sweep, for the purpose set forth.
47th. In a baling press the frame or gate H³ and pitman K³ or arched pitman
in combination with the reciprocating traverser, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
48th. In a horizontal baling press in which the hay is pressed in sections by a
reciprocating traverser, the combination of the press box A³ and connection timbers
D³, Ds, with the hopper or feed orifice through or between them, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
49th. The method of operating a baling press mounted on trucks by means of a
horse lever rotated beneath the frame, and pressing devices so as to bring the
circuit or track of the horse between the trucks, as set forth.
50th. In a baling press the levers S2, S3, in combination with the reciprocating
traverser power shaft and pitman, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
51st. As a new article of manufacture, an oblong, quadrilateral bale of hay,
straw, or other loose fibrous material, built up in successive and separately
compressed sections transversely of the bale and bound together longitudinally of
the bale, substantially as described.
52nd. In a baling press in which the material is compressed in sections by a
reciprocating traverser, the pressing devices so arranged and operated that the
reaction or elasticity of the pressed material shall reverse the traverser without
turning the horse lever or sweep.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.