CERTAIN IN- PROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING WOOL, HAIR, FLAX, SILK, AND ALL OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BROWN, of Heaton, near Bradford, in the County of York, Machinist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William Brown, Her special licence, that I, the said
William Brown, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Brown, my exors, adññors, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the
Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark; and Man, and also in all Her
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IN-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING
WOOL, HAIR, FLAX, SILK, AND ALL OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS;" upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Brown, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature

page_text: of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Brown, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):-.
The first part of my Invention relates to an improvement upon the machines
or apparatus as hitherto constructed and employed for preparing wool, hair,
flax, silk, and all other fibrous materials, and consists in combining an endless
chain gil or belt gill with the faller bars and heckles, the same being
worked by screws, in the manner heretofore practised in such machines.
The second part of my Invention relates to the construction of certain parts
of machines or apparatus employed for preparing wool, hair, silk, flax, and
other fibrous materials, and consists in a new mode of fixing certain springs
heretofore described and represented, whereby a more ready adjustment of
such said springs is obtained than by the modes hitherto practised of fixing
such springs, and applies especially to screw gills.
The third part of my Invention relates to the bars or heckles or combs or
comb carriers of machines employed for preparing wool, hair, silk, flax, and all
other fibrous materials, and consists in constructing such parts broader at their
ends than at their middle portions or bodies.
The fourth part of my 'Invention relates to the teeth of heckles, gill combs,
or other instruments. or apparatus used in the process of preparing wool, hair,
flax, silk, and all other. fibrous materials, and consists in the use and applica-
tion of flat teeth presented edgeways against the wool or other material' to be
operated upon. And further, in the use and application of a porcupine roller,
constructed with flat or spear-shaped teeth, with plates or lifters between the
rows of teeth. to prevent the wool from lapping around the shaft upon which
the teeth are fixed, and also to raise the short wool therefrom.
The fifth part of my Invention relates to a new and improved mode of
attaching heckles, gill combs, or such like instruments employed for preparing
wool and other fibrous materials, and consists in attaching such said parts to a
sheet, band, or belt of vulcanized india-rubber, or other suitable elastic
material, the intention thereof being to allow the said heckles, combs, or other
like instruments to travel or move at different speeds in different parts of the
course they have to travel, by reason of the elasticity of the material to which
they are affixed.

page_text: The sixth part of my Invention relates to the surface of cylinders employed
for preparing wool and other fibrous materials, and consists in the use and
application of an additional number of holding bars; and further, in the use
and application to the surface of such said cylinders of a strip of vulcanized
india-rubber, or other suitable material for the aforesaid holding bars to press
against..
The seventh part of my Invention relates to a new and improved mode of
supplying oil continuously to the journals or bearing parts of the machines
or apparatus used in preparing and spinning wool and other fibrous materials;
and further; to a mode of supplying oil continuously or otherwise to the wool
or other fibrous materials placed in such said machines or apparatus, and
consists in the use and application of a cistern containing oil in combination
with a pump and a suitable arrangement of pipes.
The eighth part of my Invention relates to a new and improved mode of intro-
ducing the wool and other fibrous materials to the machine or apparatus em-
ployed for preparing the same, and consists in the use and application thereto of
a sheet, band or belt of vulcanized india-rubber, or other suitable clastic material
in combination with a series of drawing rollers working at different speeds, the
intention of which is to keep the wool or other fibrous materials straight as it
passes towards the machine or apparatus to which it delivered.
The ninth part of iny Invention relates to machines or apparatus used for
spinning wool and other fibrous materials, and consists in the use and applica-
tion to spinning machinery generally of a "dead twist" tube, for the purpose of
preventing the thread from breaking during its passage from the delivering
rollers to the taking up part or bobbins.
The tenth and last part of my Invention relates to self-acting machinery or
apparatus for stopping the motion of preparing and spinning machines, when
they meet with any additional strain or resistance beyond what they are
intended to overcome, and consists in certain new mechanical arrangements
and combinations of parts for effecting that object.
And in order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible I. will
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures and letters of reference marked
thereon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

page_text: and all other fibrous materials.
Figure 2 is a side elevation and partial
section of said machine. At Sheet 2, Figure 3 is a back elevation thereof, ex-
hibiting also in section certain parts of an oiling apparatus hereafter described,
and referred to Figure 4. At Sheet 1 is a side view of a single bar or heckle.
Figures 5 and 6 are end views, and Figure 7 is a transverse section thereof
through the line A, B, at Figure 8. Figure 8 is a plan view of a series of
said heckles as they would appear when ranged together. At Figures 1, 2, 3,
of Sheets 1 and 2, A, A, marks the framing of the machine, to which are
attached the following parts:-B, B, C, C, are spindles, working in suitable
bearings fixed to or formed in the framing A, A; said spindles have screws
2, 3, of different pitches, formed around one part thereof, and there are two
of such screws arranged or disposed at each side of the machine, as exhibited
at Figure 1 of Sheet 1. a, a, mark bars in which are fixed the heckles 1, 1;
the ends of these bars have diagonal projecting pieces 4 formed thereon, which
are of the same inclination as the spaces between the threads of the screws
upon the spindles B and C, into which said projections take, and by which said
bars are carried along by the revolutions of the screws 2, 3, which are put
into motion by the spur wheels E, F, fixed upon the spindles B, C, and the
bevilled wheels G, H, keyed upon the main driving shaft I. b, b, mark
endless chains, to which are attached bars c, c, constructed with heckles or
gill combs d, d. These chains pass over hexagonal-shaped rollers e, e, the
axes whereof rotate in suitable bearings in the framing A, A; or, instead of
the above-mentioned rollers the heckles or gill combs may be carried on an
endless belt, sheet or band f, f, of vulcanized india-rubber, or other suitable
elastic material, as exhibited at Figure 9 of Sheet 1, and hereafter described.
K, K, are holding rollers, which revolve in bearings in the adjustable-cast-
ings L; and M, M, are drawing rollers, supported at their ends by the
framing A.
N marks a helical spring for causing pressure of the upper
delivering roller upon the fibrous material; the ends of the bars a rest upon
projections O, P, fixed to or formed upon the framing A, A, upon which they
slide. Q, R, mark cams fixed upon each of the spindles B, B, C, C, and
when the bars a have reached the ends of the screws said bars are depressed
at the front of the machine by the cams Q, Q, coming into contact with the
ends thereof; and these bars are raised at the opposite end of the machine by
the cams R, R, which move in an opposite direction to that of the cams Q, Q.
The projections 0, 0, upon which those bars rest which are being carried
along by the upper screws 2, 2, are made shorter than the projection P, P,
as shewn at Figure 2, to allow the bars a to pass from the upper to the lower
screws; and vice versâ; and the pitch of the lower screws 3 is made con-

page_text: siderably coarser than. the upper screws, for the purpose of carrying the bars a.
quickly from front to back of the machine; upon reaching which, said bars,
are successively raised by the cams as before stated; and in this manner and
by these means, the bars, with their heckles or gill combs, are lowered..
And as regards that part of my said Invention which has reference to an
improved form and application of tooth for heckles, gill combs, and other like
instruments, the construction and arrangement thereof is exhibited at
Figures 10 and 11 of Sheet 1, and Figures 4 and 5 of Sheet 4; and I would
here remark, that an important feature in this part of my said Invention
consists in forming the said teeth flat or spear-shaped, and broad on their face,
as exhibited at Figure 10 of Sheet 1, but thin on the edge which is presented
to and acts upon the wool or other material; and by thus constructing the said
teeth, I am enabled to have them very thin, but at the same time very.
strong.
I
Or
The Drawing at Figure 10 exhibits the relative positions of two sets of such.
teeth as they would be when applied to a machine, but represented out of the
heckle bar a before mentioned, to which they are attached by soldering.
instead of making the teeth separate, and attaching them to the heckle bar,
propose in some cases to combine several teeth together as a "porcupine,"
by punching out a piece of metal of the shape exhibited at Figures 4, 5,
11, of Sheets 1 and 4, and I dispose and arrange such pieces side by side upon.
an axis, placing washers a between each, to keep then the required distance
asunder; and I tighten the whole together by nuts upon the screwed ends of
the axis, or in any other convenient manner, by which the porcupines may be
prevented from turning round except with the axis.
And I further propose
to arrange and fix the said porcupines upon the axis e, so that the points of
the teeth of the several porcupines shall assume a direction inclined to the
axis of the piece e upon which they are fixed, as exhibited by the diagram at
Figure 12 of Sheet 1.
Another important improvement in machinery and apparatus for preparing
wool and other fibrous materials is exhibited at Figure 4 of Sheet 4, where
A, A, mark geared holding rollers, between which the wool or other material
passes to the porcupine roller B, B; the construction of this roller is precisely
similar to that before described with reference to Figure 11 of Sheet 1,
with this addition, that the porcupine roller exhibited at Figure 4 of Sheet 4.
is partly covered with a curved plate C, which extends across the machine,
and is fixed to the framing thereof; the use of this plate is to cause the wool-
as it passes from the holding rollers A, A, to be taken hold of by the points of
the teeth of the porcupine by which it is conducted, until it comes in a line

page_text: with the points of contact of the geared drawing rollers. D, D, between which
a strap or band E passes to prevent the rollers from cutting the wool; and
there are a series of curved plates F, arranged and disposed between each of
the plates of teeth B, as shewn at Figure 4. The upper parts of the plates F
are formed of the same curvature, or nearly so, as the washers d, which keep the
plates B asunder; and the plate F is formed curved at a, and pointed; and the
lower part has a hole formed therein for the purpose of attaching these several
plates to the framing of the machine by means of a rod l, which passes through
them; and there are washers c, placed between said plates, as shewn, for keeping
them the proper distance asunder; and the use and intention of the plate F
is to prevent the short fibres of the wool or other material from lapping round.
the roller, the effect of such fixed plates. being to raise the wool from the
surface of the roller as it comes into contact with the points of the several
plates. And in this manner and by these means I effect an improvement in
machinery and apparatus employed for preparing wool and other fibrous
materials.
At Figures 1 and 2 of Sheet 1, S, S, mark castings securely, fixed to the
framing A, A; the ends of these castings are formed with pieces having
holes therein for the reception of the lower end of the springs g, which are
securely connected to the casting S by a screw U; and the casting T is
constructed to receive the upper end of the spring g, which works loosely
therein.
And as regards that part of my Invention which has reference to the
construction of the bars or heckles or combs, or heckle or comb carriers, it is
exhibited at Figure 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, where a mark the body of the bar; b, the
heckles which are fixed in another bar; c, same, being securely attached to the
bar a, by rivets, as shewn. 4, 4, are inclines or diagonal projections formed
upon the ends 5 of said bars; and e, e, are grooves formed therein, for the
purpose of guiding said bars in their proper course after the screws have
ceased to act thereon; and, by thus constructing the said bars, I am enabled to
obtain a greater angle of the faller or tooth 4, so as to suit coarser screws for
advancing said bars, and also a stronger fixing for the heckles or combs than
by the modes hitherto employed in the construction of such parts.
And as regards that part of my Invention which has reference to the fixing
or attaching heckles, gill combs, or such like instruments, namely, to a sheet,
band, or belt of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable elastic material, it
is as exhibited at Figure 9 of Sheet 1, where f marks the elastic band, and d
gill combs. A are front or drawing rollers, the surface speed of which is
greater than that of the back or the holding rollers B, the effect of which is to

page_text: stretch the upper side of the elastic band f, and to contract the under side
thereof; and to ensure the perfect rotation of the drawing rollers and holding
rollers, the axes of such parts have wheels fixed thereon: (but not shewn by
the Drawing) which take or gear into cach other. Or, instead of the last-
mentioned arrangement, I propose sometimes to employ a sheet, band, or belt
of vulcanized-india-rubber or other suitable elastic material, the surface whereof
is not furnished with heckles, gill combs, or other like instruments, but
is perfectly plain on its surface, and passes around and between a series of
rollers a, b, c, d, e, f, g, shewn at Figure 1 of Sheet 3, and said rollers aro
geared together in such manner as that each pair move at different and
increasing speeds: for example, suppose the rollers e; d, to make two
revolutions, and the rollers a, b, to make three revolutions during the
time the rollers e, f, are making one revolution, it will appear evident that
the band h will be stretched, and the wool or other material as it is delivered
through the rollers will also be stretched, and thereby kept straight in its
passage to the scutching or heckling machine or apparatus to which it is
delivered to be operated upon thereby..
And as regards that part of my said Invention which has reference to the
application of an additional number of holding bars, and which I propose to
apply to the surfaces of the cylinders of machines known as Perry and Noble's
Wool Preparer, I employ the arrangement exhibited at Figure 2 of Sheet 3,
where A marks a 'hollow cylinder, the periphery whereof has a series of bars x
fixed across it, in which heckles a are fixed. The cylinder A is mounted upon
a spindle or axis b, which revolves in: bearings in a suitable framing B, of
which only a portion is shewn by the Drawing. C, C, are geared rollers, with
heckles fixed thereon, for conducting the wool or other fibrous material from
the band before mentioned to the surface of the cylinder A. D, D', are
grooved rollers, the axes whereof work in bearings formed in the framings B,
as shewn. E, E, marks one of two endless chains passed over the rollers D, D';
to these chains pieces or holding bars C, C, are securely fixed, the inner ends
of these rollers take into the grooves in the rollers D, so that upon motion
being imparted to the said rollers, the holding bars, will be advanced, and as
the cylinder A and rollers D, D', rotate, the wool or other materials will be
forcibly pressed by the holders c against the surface of the cylinder; but, iu
order that the fibre of the material may not be cut or broken by such pressure,
I place and fix between each of the bars x, and across the surface of the
cylinder, pieces d, d, of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable elastic
material, and I also attach a spring e to the upper side of the axis of the
roller D', which allows the roller and some of the holding bars to yield slightly

page_text: to any inequality in the thickness of the wool or other fibrous material, and
also to enable the operator to increase or decrease the pressure of the holders.
And as regards that part of my Invention which has reference to supplying
oil to the machines and wool contained therein, I employ the arrangement
exhibited at Figure 1 of Sheet 2, where a marks an oil cistern fixed to the
framing A of the machine. is a force pump fixed within the cistern a. c is
the plunger of the pump fitted accurately in the barrel of the pump, and d is
a connecting rod attached to the plunger c for actuating the same through the
agency of the eccentric e, and the shaft I. ff, is a bent pipe, the lower part
whereof is connected to the pump b, and the upper part g thereof extends
across the width of the gill combs or heckle bars d, and there are short pieces
of pipe y fixed to or formed upon the part g of the pipe f, through which the
oil drops on to the wool or other material, and the surplus oil returns again
into the cistern a by the part i of the pipe f. k marks a series of stoppers for
closing the openings in the pipes y, y, when necessary. And I would remark,
that in like manner oil may be continuously or occasionally supplied to the bear-
ings and journals of the machine by connecting branch pipes to the pipe ƒ, f.
And improvement in spinning machinery is exhibited at Figures 3 and 4 of
Sheet 3, where Figure 3 exhibits an elevation of a spindle and flyer, shewn
partly in section; and Figure 4 is a top plan view of certain parts hereafter
referred to. a marks the spindle; b, the flyer; c, the bobbin. The flyer b is
composed of two rings 1 and 2, which are connected together by wires d, d.
The top ring 1 is formed with a cross piece 3, through which passes the upper
and screwed part of the spindle a, which is attached to a casting e by a nut 4,
as shewn. The casting e is securely fixed to any convenient part of a throstle
frame or other spinning machine, of the ordinary construction; and the inner
rim of said casting has teeth formed thereon, into which a pinion f gears; said
pinion being mounted upon a pin, fixed to the top ring 1 of the flyer b. And
there is another pinion g fixed upon the upper end of a "dead twist" tube h,
the lower end of which revolves in a hole in the ring 2; and the upper part of
said tube passes through a hole in the ring 1, by which said tube is maintained
in a vertical position. The construction of this tube is as follows:-i marks
the thread, which passes from the delivering rollers through a guide hole in
the bar J. and from thence it passes on the outside of the tube at e¹, and
re-enters the tube at e, by which a reverse movement will be given to the
material, and the thread thereby reduced to a proper twist before being wound
on to the bobbins, which is effected in the manner usually practised. By this
arrangement, a greater amount of twist is given to the thread, and thereby
prevents it from breaking during its passage from the delivering rollers to the

page_text: taking-up part or bobbin, by which time it will be reduced to the proper twist.
And this arrangement, which forms an essential feature in this part of my said
Invention, may be applied with advantage to spinning machines or frames, of
the ordinary construction.
And to prepare wool and other materials, the fibres of which are
short, I propose, in lieu of the drawing rollers marked M, at Figure 2
of Sheet 1, to employ a machine or apparatus, arranged and combined in
the manner exhibited at Figures 1, 2, 3, of Sheet 4, where Figure 1 is a
front elevation of a machine or apparatus for that purpose; Figure 2 is a
top plan view thereof; Figure 3 is a transverse and vertical section, taken
through the line A, B, at Figures 1 and 2. At each of these Figures the
same letters of reference are employed to denote corresponding parts. A, B,
mark framings, formed in two parts, the upper part sliding upon the sides of
the lower part as at a, a, Figure 1. C, D, are projecting pieces, cast upon
said framings. E, F, G, II, I, K, mark a series of bars, which extend across
the width of the machine or apparatus between the framing, as shewn at
Figure 1. The extremities of these bars are so formed as to take into the
spaces between the threads, upon the screwed spindles L, M, N, O, by which
such bars are raised and lowered. These spindles have right and left handed
screws, cut or formed about them, and are connected together by a square pin,
fixed in the end of one spindle, taking into a square hole formed in the end of
the other spindle to be connected; and the upper and lower ends of said
spindles work in bearings in the framings A, B, as shewn. P is a roller, the
axis whereof is a rod Q, which works in bearings fixed to or formed in the
framing B. R is a non-elastic belt, which passes over the roller P, and under
the bars H, H, for the purpose of presenting a soft substance for drawing tho
fibre. S, S, are rods for connecting the upper and lower framings A, D,
together, by means of the thumb-screws T, and helical springs V. The ends
of the bars E, G, K, rest upon the projections C, C, D, and said bars are
actuated in the following manner and order; and assuming the red lines to
represent the screw and chain gills, exhibited at Figure 2 of Sheet I, or they
may be screw gills only, and the bars G, H, to be in close contact or nearly so
with the bars a, upon motion being imparted to the main driving shaft W,
such motion will be transinitted by the bevilled wheels X and spur wheels Y
to the spindles L, M, N, O, and threads or screws formed thercon. Now,
suppose the ends of the bars F and I to be held by the screws L and M, it
will appear evident that by turning the screwed spindles L, M, in one direction,
the bar I will be raised, and the bar F lowered, and brought opposite to the
bars E, K; and as these spindles continue to rotate, the cams Z, Z, formed
thereon, coming into contact with the bars F and I, will push them against

page_text: the bars E and K, and into the space between the threads of the screws N, O;
and as these screws move in opposite directions to the screws L, M, it will
appear evident that the bars F, which were previously lowered by the screws M,
will now be raised by the screws 0; and the bar I, which was previously raised
by the screws L, will now be lowered by the screws N; and as the spindles N
and rotate, the cams Z, Z', thereon coming into contact with said
bars, will press them towards the front of the machine or apparatus, and thereby i
effect the drawing of the wool from the heckles, the springs U and sliding
frame B yielding to any inequality in the thickness of the wool. And in this
manner cach bar is successively raised and lowered; and by placing said bars
in close contact, or nearly so, with the front heckle bar, I am enabled to draw
wool or other fibrous material therefrom, however short the fibres thereof may
be. I would here remark, that it will be found desirable in practice to attach
a thin plate or bar across the framing of the machine, and between the leather
strap R and the gill bars a, to prevent the teeth therein, as they are moved
round, from injuring the said strap, or the gill teeth being injured thereby.
Said
And as regards that part of my said Invention which has reference to self-
acting machinery and apparatus for stopping the motion of preparing and
spinning machines and all kinds of screw gill machines, I employ for that
purpose the arrangements exhibited at Figures 2, 3, 4, of Sheet 2, where
Figure 2 is a side view, Figure 3 a partial end view, and Figure 4 a plan
of such an apparatus. Upon the main driving shaft I of the machine
pullies B and C are placed; these pullies are both loose upon the shaft; but
the driving pulley B has a wheel D connected thereto. E and F are pinions
fixed upon the axis or pin G, which is situate in a bent lever I, placed loosely
upon the shaft I'. The pinion E gears with the wheel D, and the pinion F
with the wheel H, which is fixed upon the main driving shaft.
K is a spring,
resting in a catch plate L. M is a bar, working through guides I, I.
bar is formed with a fork 2, 2, which embraces the strap or band 3, 3; and
there is a stúd 4 fixed to and formed upon the bar M, against which the upper
part of the spring K presses, when in the act of throwing the strap off the
driving pulley B on to the loose pulley C. N is a rod, working through a
guide 5. One end of this rod is attached to the lower end of the bent lever I,
the upper end of which lever is in connection with the spring K, and the other
end of the rod N is screwed and furnished with a thumb nut O, for adjusting
the degree of resistance of the spring P. The effect of this arrangement is as
follows: Supposing the strap or band 3 to be on the driving pulley, and
motion imparted thereto, such motion will be transmitted to the main driving
shaft I by the wheels D and II, and pinions E and E, and such motion will
continue so long as the machine offers no greater resistance than that of the

page_text: spring P; but immediately the resistance becomes greater, then the lever I,
overcoming the resistance of the spring P, will allow such lever to be moved
in the direction of the arrow's flight, by which the spring will be brought out
of the catch L, and, coming into contact with the stud 4, will: exert suflicient
pressure thereon to throw the strap or band off the drawing pulley on to the
loose pulley by means of the fork 2, 2.
Another arrangement for effecting the stopping of the motion. of preparing
and spinning machines is exhibited at Figure 5 of Sheet 2, and differs from the
arrangement exhibited at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, in being more simple in its construc-
tion and is more particularly adapted to machines requiring a greater amount of
speed. It will also be seen, upon referring to Figure 5,. that the driving
pulley and loose pulley are placed upon a stud G, below the main shaft,. instead
of being placed thereon, as in the former arrangement; and the spur. wheel D,
instead of being loose upon the main shaft I, as there shewn, is fixed.thereon,
and takes into a pinion F, which is fixed to or formed upon the pulley B, and
moves therewith upon the stud G. And further, by this arrangement; only
one pair of wheels, is required, instead of two pairs, as in the former arrange-
ment; in all other respects the arrangements are similar. And in this
manner, and by these means; I enable a machine to stop when it meets. with
any additional strain or resistance beyond that which it is intended.to over-
come.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be and may be performed, I desire it be distinctly understood
that I do not claim the exclusive use of any of the separate parts above
mentioned and referred to, except in so far as the same may be employed in
combination and for the purposes of my.said Invention, which I hereby.declare
to consist in, and I claim as Improvements in Machinery and Apparatus for
Preparing and Spinning Wool, Hair, Silk, Flax, and all other Fibrous
Materials.
Firstly, the combining an endless chain gill or belt gill: with the faller.
bars and heckles of preparing machines in such manner that the teeth thereof
intersect each other at a point below and above the head of said bars; and
further, I claim the constructing of heckle bars narrower at the body part
than at the ends thereof, as herein-before particularly described, set forth, and
represented at Figures 1 and 2 of Sheet 1 and Figure 1 of Sheet 2. of the
illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed, and for the purposes set forth..
Secondly, I claim the use and application to preparing or heckling machines.
of flat or spear-shaped teeth of the same thickness at the head as at the point,
as herein-before particularly described, set forth, and represented at Figures 4,.

page_text: 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, of Sheet 1 of the illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed, and
for the purposes set forth.
Thirdly, I claim the use and application to preparing machines of a porcu-
pine roller constructed with flat or spear-shaped teeth, in combination with
plates or lifters, for raising the short wool, noils, or other fibrous material from
the surface of the roller, and to prevent the lapping thereof around said roller,
as herein-before particularly described, set forth, and represented at Figures 11,
4, 5, of Sheets 1 and 4, of the illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed.
And I further claim the use of the lastly above-mentioned plates and lifters
working in grooves in the heckle bars, of preparing machines generally,
whether such bars be straight or curved. And further, I claim the use and
application of said lifters to comb heads of all kinds, whether constructed with
round or flat teeth, and for the purposes set forth.
Fourthly, I claim the use and application to preparing machines of a feed-
sheet band, or belt of vulcanized india-rubber, or other suitable elastic
material, in combination with drawing and holding rollers moving at
different velocities, for the purpose of stretching such, said feed sheet,
band or belt, and thereby keeping straight the fibres of the wool or other
material as it passes to the preparing machine, as herein-before particularly
described, set forth, and represented at Figures 1 and 2 of Sheet 3 of the
illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fifthly, I claim the use and application of the feed-sheet, belt or band
lastly above mentioned, in combination with heckle bars, and heckles and
holding and drawing rollers, as hercin-before particularly described, set forth,
and represented at Figure 9 of Sheet I of the illustrative Drawings hereunto
annexed, and for the purposes set forth.
Sixthly, I claim the use and application to the cylinders of preparing
machines, and more particularly to that known and distinguished as "Perry
and Noble's Wool Preparer," of strips of vulcanized india-rubber or other
suitable elastic material, whereby I prevent cutting or breaking of the fibres of
the wool or other materials by the holding bars pressing against it. And
further, I claim the use and application to the surfaces of the cylinders of
preparing machines of an additional number of holding bars, as herein-before
particularly described, set forth, and represented at Figure 2 of Sheet 3 of
the illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed.
Seventhly, I claim the use and application to spinning machinery of a dead
twist tube, in combination with a spindle and flyer, as herein-before particularly
described, set forth, and represented at Figures 6 and 7 of Sheet 5 of the
illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed, and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: Eighthly and lastly, I claim as improvements in machinery or apparatus for
preparing and spinning wool, hair, silk, flax, and all other fibrous materials, the
mechanical combinations and arrangements of parts exhibited at Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, of Sheet 2, for the purposes of rendering the stopping of such
machines self-acting when subjected to any additional strain or resistance
beyond that which they are intended to overcome, as herein-before particularly
described, set forth, and represented by the illustrative Drawings hereunto
annexed.
And although in this my Specification I have set forth, described,
and represented certain mechanical arrangements and combinations of parts
explanatory of the means, by which my Invention is to be and may be carried
into practical effect, I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not intend
to limit or confine myself to the precise details herein set forth for carrying
my said Invention into practical effect, but reserve to myself the right of
making such immaterial variations in the form and construction of the parts
as experience may suggest without departing from the principle of construction
upon which my said Invention is based.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord