Improvements in and connected with Apparatus or Machines for Producing Type-matrices.
Year: 1893

page_text: Improvements in and connected with Apparatus or Machines for
Producing Type-matrices.
A communication by CHARLES MERAY-HORVATH, of No. 1, Atillater, Arad,
Hungary, in the Empire of Austria, Newspaper Proprietor.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of The Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street,
Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster, and 323, High Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object a continuously rotating type impressing machine,
which, during its rotation, impresses the types (punches) in a pulp matrix which
may then serve as a mould from which to cast the stereotypes.
The construction of the machine is shown on the accompanying drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 are views of the entire machine.
Figure 3 is an enlarged section of a part of the type wheel, through the type
holders when in a position of repose, and the cam discs of Figure 2 which produce
the impression;
Figure 3 is a similar view but with the type holders in a working position.
Figure 3 is a view of Figure 3 in the direction of arrow 1 with the cam discs S
and Dremoved.
Figure 3 is a view of Figure 3 from the arrow 2.
Figure 3 is a view from arrow 1 with cam discs S and D.
Figures 3 are views of the cam discs S and in front elevation and view from
beneath.
Figure 3 is a view of the cam disc D and the rim of the type wheel from
arrow 1.
The remaining figures will be explained when the portion of the Specification
referring thereto is reached.
The type wheel axis A, which continuously rotates, carries, as shown in Figures 1
and 2, the type wheel T. The rim of the type wheel T is provided parallel to the
axis A with channels arranged at equal distances apart, in which channels the type
bolders P are adjustably arranged (see also Figure 3). These type holders or
beds P carry vertically to their support the types (punches) t, Figure 3, which are
always pressed against the interior of the wheel T by means of a spring h. On
the rotation of the type wheel, the types (punches) t are held by the spring in a
position of repose in such a way that they rotate away over the pulp matrix M
without producing any impression thercon (see later Figures 4 and 44). It will
now be explained in what manner they are brought into the impressing position.
The type holders P, Figure 3, have at their left end a pin which projects over
the front of type wheel T. In this pin h', the pawl h is engaged, and is always
retained in this position by means of a spring, Figure 3B, acting thereon. The
pawl is itself, however, a two armed lever pivotted on the type wheel, and may
he disengaged from the pin on pressure being applied to its second arm c. If
this releasing has taken place for instance, the type holder in question follows the
impulse of a hitherto compressed spring a, Figure 3, and is pushed in the type

page_text: wheel T in the direction of the arrow 3. This releasing of the pawl actually
takes place by means of a hammer H, Figure 2, which is arranged over the type
wheel. As the type holder, on being released, at once springs to the right, a
projection e, Figure 3, formed thereon, comes finally (on the type wheel being
further revolved from above against the pulp matrix M, Figure 4) into a groove
formed by a disc S, Figure 3, and a guide bar f, Figure 2, attached thereto, which
groove has the form shown in Figure 3". The projection e of the type holder,
Figure 3, slides in the groove during the rotation, and this groove is so curved
that it only draws the type holder by the projection e further out of the type
wheel to the right. By this means, the type bar t, Figure 3, comes simultaneously
again under the cam disc D (shown in Figure 3) which is fastened to S and, and
is pressed outwards at the same time as e has reached, by means of the groove,
Figure 3, its farthest outward position. The type holders and types (punches)
are shown in this position in Figure 3.
On the further rotation of the type wheel, the type bart springs inwards in
consequence of the form of the cam disc D, Figure 3, which movement is caused
by the above mentioned spring, and the type holder P, Figures 3 and 3F, is again
moved to the left in consequence of the returning form of the groove I, Figure 3",
until it assumes the position shown in Figure 3, and the pawl / again engages in h
and retains the type holder in this position.
h
All these movements are completed during less than one entire rotation. Thus,
during this movement, a type holder, which hitherto rotated in a position of
repose, Figure 3, is released by means of a pressure on e, Figure 3, is moved to
the right by means of the groove 1, Figure 3B, its type har t is moved outwards by
means of the cam disc D, the type (punch or die) attached to the outer end of t
gives the impression (position of Figure 3F), then again returns inward and the
type holder P is again moved back to the left owing to the groove 1, Figure 3",
and is arrested by h, Figure 3, so that at the next rotation past the hammer H,
Figure 2, this type holder may be again actuated.
As many type holders are arranged on the type wheel as there are letters or
signs required, they are all similar in their action and rotate past under the type
hammer. If then a given type is to be impressed on the paper matrix, it suffices
to move the hanımer downwards on the passing by of the type in question, so that
the hammer releases the pawl h from '.
The method in which the hammer H works is hereinafter fully explained in the
part of the Specification relating to the mechanism for operating the type holders
and in the part of the drawings relative thereto.
Figures 4 and 4ª are enlarged views of Figures 1 and 2 and show in combination
this mechanism. Figure 4B is a detail view on the line 'y' of Figure 4, seen from
arrow 20.
The type bar which is at the moment in a working position (that is to say for
printing) is always approached to the paper matrix and returns after making the
impression, such movement being effected by the form of the cam disc D,
Figure 3º.
In this invention, in addition to the approaching of the types (punches) to the
paper matrix, there is also a movement towards the type imparted to this matrix
exactly at the moment at which the impression is made, so that both make mutual
movements towards one another. This takes place in the following manner-
i.
The matrix paper M, Figure 1, is wound on a cylinder C and passes from here
through a slotted shaft (see also Figure 4) over the pressure roller r and is
finally drawn off between the two rollers k. The rollers r and k as well as the
shaft i, see also Figure 44, are both supported in the two shields kw and are carried
by the shaft in two slots of a carriage G, Figures 4 and 4*. The object of the
carriage G will be hereinafter explained under the part descriptive of "spacing

page_text: the types and lines." A lifting lever W engages by means of two bolts W',
Figure 4, with the two shields kw, Figures 4 and 44. The lifting lever W is
connected with a slide piece e, Figure 44, which is adjustably arranged on the
disc S, Figures 1 and 4. The slide piece el projects with its lower end so far into
the groove 1, Figure 4*, that the projection e of each type holder, which is at the
moment operated by the hammer H during the passage of this projection e
through moves the slide piece e upwards, Figure 3, and by means of the
lever W, Figures 4 and 4, the whole matrix roller mechanism (that is to say the
paper matrix M and the rollers carrying it) is approached to the type at the same
moment that each type t (punch) which is in a printing position by the action_of
the cam disc D, Figures 3 and 3, is moved against the matrix paper. The
mutual approaching movement lasts only a short time and after that the matrix
roller mechanism, which is influenced by the rotating punch t, swings outwards in
the direction of the rotation of the latter until the type (punch) and matrix paper
have come out of contact after which the matrix roller mechanism again returns
to its normal position. The next moment the projection e of the type holder P in
question again leaves the groove 1, Figure 4A, and the slide piece e sinks back to
its original position owing to the weight of the matrix roller mechanism bearing
thereon.
SPACING THE TYPES AND THE LINES.
See Figures 4 and 4^, also Figure 5 which is a front view of Figure 1 on a
larger scale Figure 54 is a section on the line of Figure 5; Figure 5B is a
plan view of Figure 5 with the type wheel partially shown.
From the description of the action of the type holders, it would appear that all
the types would be imprinted on the same place on the paper matrix, if this latter
did not make a suitable movement for spacing the separate letters and forming the
lines.
In this invention the paper matrix or in other words the whole matrix roller
mechanism is, in order to form a line, moved forward vertically to the plane of
rotation of the type wheel T, and on the completion of a line the matrix roller
mechanism which was pushed sideways is moved back again and at the end of this
return motion the paper inatrix alone is moved forward to the extent of two lines.
For this object, the whole matrix roller mechanism is, as already stated, suspended
in a carriage G, Figures 4 and 44, which is adjustable vertically to the plane of
rotation of the type wheel T, see also Figures 5 and 5^; if this carriage, after
impressing a type, be moved forward, it carries with it the matrix roller mechanism.
The movement of the carriage itself takes place from the type wheel quite
automatically in the following manner-
Each typeholder, Figures 3, 34, 3, has at its right end a set screw m, which,
when in a position of repose, on the rotation of the type wheel T, Figure 5B, passes
y a lever E pivoted at E. If however a type holler be actuated by means of
the hammer H, Figure 2, it is pushed as already stated to the right, and its set
crew m, Figure 5, forces the lever E to swing outwards (the latter therefore
swings out in the direction of the arrow 6, in Figure 5B).
Lever E has further a pawl, Figure 5", which engages in the ratchet wheel z,
also Figure 5. If the lever E has been caused to swing outward by the screw mɩ,
the ratchet j, Figure 5B, slides over the ratchet wheel, and when the set screw m
has revolved past, the lever E and pawl return by the action of the spring E2
and the pawl engages with the ratchet wheel and revolves this latter as
far as the lever E has turned. This rotation or movement is transmitted from the
ratchet wheel, Figure 5, through the spindle and the bevel gearing by means
of a cogwheel and rack bar to the carriage G, but only when a type (punch)
has already made an impression on the paper matrix, as this only takes place as
already shown in the outermost right hand position of the type holder, in which
position the lever E has not yet swung back again.
By this shifting of the carriage G the matrix paper is moved sideways, after the
imprinting of a type is finished, to the extent of the width of one type plus a given

page_text: "
space. The extent of this shifting varies according to the width of the separate
types as, for instance, it is greater for "n" than it is for "i" and again for "m
greater than for "n." These variations in the width of the types are calculated for
by the outward swing of the lever E by adjusting the set screw m, so that thereby
the pawl also moves the ratchet wheel z to a smaller or greater extent and the
latter in its turn moves the paper matrix to a smaller or greater extent by means of
the mechanism hereinbefore described.
As regards the spaces which are to be formed between the separate words, this
will be hereinafter referred to under the paragraph of "automatic closing of the
lines" it may in the meantime be assumed that one line is ended and it is
necessary to carry the paper matrix back from its position at the side and to move
it forward for spacing the lines.
;
For this object this improved type impressing machine has the following
arrangement-
The type wheel has, in addition to the type holder of the kind already herein-
before described, still another holder P' which only differs from the former one by
having no type (punch) and no set screw m, Figure 5A, and instead thereof has on the
left end a projection L, Figure 5B, but is otherwise supported in a precisely similar
manner to the type holder P in the type wheel, and when actuated by the hammer H,
Figure 2, swings to the right.
When in a position of repose, the projection L on the rotation of the type wheel
towards arrow 7, Figure 5B, slides close past a lever K revolving on K'; if however
the holder P be actuated, that is to say, pushed to the right, Figure 54, the
projection L encounters the lever K and causes it to swing out, also in the direction
of arrow 6, Figure 58. As however lever K swings to the right, the pawl v
Figure 5, impelled by the spring v', springs upwards, presses against the lever K
and thus prevents it swinging back as soon as the projection L has, by the rotation
of the typewheel, again passed by K and this latter would follow the impulse of
the spring K, Figure 5, which is stretched by the swinging out of K. K has
however by swinging out coupled or engaged a half coupling or clutch N which is
adjustable on the constantly rotating shaft O, Figure 5, with the worm U which
is loosely seated on O, which worm in turn revolves the shaft, Figure 5, by
means of the worm wheel in such a way that the carriage G is pushed back by
means of the bevel gearing and cogwheel and the rack bar. In order that
the pawlj, Figure 5, shall not interfere with the rotation of the shaft on the
pushing back of the carriage G, a pin n attached to K during the swinging out of
the latter, sliding over the bevelled end of the pawlj has disengaged the latter from
the teeth of z.
On the pushing back of the carriage G into its original position, arrow 8,
Figure 5, a projection on the carriage encounters finally the pawl » so that this
latter is again returned to the position shown in Figure 5, the lever K then by the
action of the spring K², Figure 5", swings back again and thereby N is released
from U and j again engages in :.
The paper matrix is thus returned to its original position and must only be moved
forward again for the imprinting of a fresh line at the distance of two lines. This
takes place during the return of the carriage (paper matrix) in the following
manner
The finished paper matrix is carried off between the two rollers k, Figure 4.
The lower one of these rollers k has a ratchet wheel in which a pawl on the
lever engages, so that on the lever a swinging downwards the ratchet wheel kis
revolved and the paper matrix is moved forward to the extent of the revolution of
the ratchet wheel kl.
If the carriage and the matrix rolling mechanism (shields, Figure 4) be
assumed to be in the position which they assume at the end of each impressed line,
they return at the next moment to their original position, Figure 4. In this
movement the lever encounters the bevelled head of a bar which is secured
against being shifted by its cross pieces being fixed in the parts, but is maintained

page_text: in its highest position, see Figure 4, by means of the two shields k wo in which it is
inserted. This head causes the lever to swing downwards, by which as
already hereinbefore explained the paper matrix is moved forward the distance of
two lines.
The moving forward (line spacing) thus takes place automatically and simul-
taneously and at the end of the return of the carriage to its original position.
THE MECHANISM FOR ACTUATING THE TYPE HOLDERS.
Figure 6B is an enlarged sectional view of Figure 2 of the hammer H which
actuates the types and of the type wheel and the mechanism which operates the
hammer itself; Figure 6 is a view of Figure 6B in the direction of arrow 9 with
the mechanism which operates the hammer H, partially omitted; Figure 64 is a
view of Figure 6B in the direction of arrow 10; Figure 6C is a plan view of the
disc C, Figure 6", on a larger scale. This mechanism also partially shown in
Figures and 2.
All the type holders Pand P¹ which are adjustably inserted in the type wheel T
come past beneath, the hammer H, Figure 6B on the rotation of T in a stopped
condition (that is, a position of repose). The hammer H must therefore be moved
downwards when the holder which contains the type which is to be impressed, stands
beneath it, so that the hammer acts on the arm e, Figure 3B, of the two-armed
pawl h, releasing this latter from '.
In order that the hammer H, Figures 6 and 6B, may always be moved down-
wards at the correct moment for acting on each desired type holder, the type
impressing machine is provided with the following arrangements; a disc C₁ is
connected with the nave of the type wheel T, Figure 6, which disc is in turn
composed of three discs B", " and ". The disc is larger in diameter than the
dises Band and separates the circumference of these latter from one another
up to a point, Figure 6, where the diameter of which projects over B" and "
is reduced to that of these two discs B" and ".
On the circumference of B", Figure 6, six two-armed lever keys H rest with
their lower arms.
These lever keys are arranged on the spindles a", see also
Figure 6B, and touch one another with their hammer shaped upper ends. It will
be explained later on why six lever keys are here employed. A seventh lever h",
Figure 6, which like the lever H" is seated on a spindle a", presses with its upper
arm, Figure 6, on the lever key H" lying next to it, and is so influenced by a
spring p that it presses all the lever keys H" on the circumference of B. This
lever is further connected with the hammer H by means of its second arm A"
and a bar A3, Figure 6", which is supported in a carriage G' (see front view in
Figure 7) which carriage is adjustable vertically to the plane of view of
Figure 6
The disc C (B", " and ") rotates simultaneously with the type wheel, and
the two discs B" and "which form part of it, have on their circumferences,
Figures 6 and 6, teeth or indentations E, the arrangement of which will be
explained later on. At present if it be supposed that at one place on the disc B
there are six indentations side by side corresponding to the number of the lever
keys H, on the rotation of the type wheel T all the lever keys pressed on the
circumference of B" sink simultaneously into the indentations E" and at the actual
moment at which an indentation stands under each lever key. By this falling
into the indentations the upper arms of the lever keys (which arms rest one against
the other) move towards the left and the arm A" of the lever ", which arm acts
on A and H is moved downwards, by which means at the same moment that six
indentations on B" come under the lever keys H", the hammer H will actuate a
given (type or punch) holder. If therefore there were only these six indenta-
tions on the disc B" on the successive rotations of the type wheel the same
punch holder would always be operated and always the saine type would be
imprinted in the paper matrix.

page_text: As however already stated the two discs B" and " are connected, Figure 6º,
1y means of a perforation in the disc. If therefore six indentations were made
on the disc in the same way as those on the disc B, and these indentations on
the periphery of the disc were at a different place to those on B", and the lever
keys H2 on the rotation of the disc were transferred from B" to 6" through the
perforation in these keys H" would all again simultaneously drop into the
indentations on and thereby the hammer H actuate another type holder.
Merely a given number of lever keys H may however also be brought onto
leaving the remainder on B and according to the number of the lever keys
distributed on each disc B" and ", as many indentations must be made successively
one behind the other on B and respectively and thus all the keys will fall
simultaneously and the type hammer H actuate a third type holder; in fact by
the distribution of the lever keys and the arrangement of indentations on the
discs B and a suitable number of positions for the lever keys may be combined
on Band and for this reason the disc will be hereinafter called the
combination disc.
The principle just described is employed in this type impressing machine in the
following manner-
The spindles a, Figure 6", which carry the lever keys H" are arranged so as
to be longitudinally adjustable and also the hammer like upper arms of the lever
keys are formed of such a width that even when distributed partly on B" and
partly on, they always rest one against the other and can only fall simul-
taneously. The two discs B and of the combination disc Care provided
with all the combinations of indentations E" which are possible with the number
of lever keys employed.
Again a lever N acts when it swings in the direction of the arrow 9 on each
of the spindles a and carries the lever keys lying on B in the direction of
arrow 11. Figure 6, towards ". As one lever N corresponds to each key of the
spindle a", the combination may for instance be also so arranged that the two
outermost lever keys are carried over to whilst all the intermediate ones remain
lying on B. After the type, typewheel and combination dise have made one
revolution from the momentum of the transfer of separate selected keys to ", the
transferred lever keys are again moved back to B in the direction of the arrow 12
´by means of the projection o fastened on C", Figure 6. All the keys H
when in a position of repose thus always lie on B and are moved from here to 6"
and then returned.
The movement of the levers N" which actuate the shafts a" takes place in the
following manner-
The second arm of the lever N which is pivoted at n³, Figures 6 and 6B,
is when in a position of repose engaged with a spring catch or pawl, Figure 6B.
The hammer m of an electro-magnet M" disengages from when a current
circulates through the electromagnet M", so that lever N swings out somewhat
in the direction of arrow 9. A coupling box Su is however firmly fixed on the
typewheel axis A, which coupling box consequently rotates with the type wheel T
and the combination disc C, Figure 6. If a lever N, Figure 6, has been
disengaged from " and somewhat swung to the right, it is gripped by the curved
grooves of the rotating coupling box S and moved still further to the right
whereby this lever N pushes with it the spindle all belonging to it, together with
the lever key seated thereon and this latter is pushed towards ". As the
groove is curved out and then back again it draws the lever back again into
its starting position and engages it with "so that it stands ready for the next
operation.
As in this machine as many electro-magnets together with levers n" influenced
by them are employed, as there are lever keys, Figure 6^, it is easily seen that the
operation of any desired type holder on the rotation of the typewheel may take
place simply by bringing the lever keys into a suitable combination on the com-
bination disc actually on discs B₁ to correspond to the desired type holders by

page_text: the electric current being conducted through the electro-magnet of each lever key
which is to be brought onto ¹¹. It may here he also noted that each holder F
which produces the return of the matrix roller mechanism, Figures 5 and 5",
is also actuated by a given combination of the lever keys on the combination
disc.
As the number of holders arranged on the typewheel is very considerable (in
this case 84) the six lever keys alone would not suffice to give so large a number
of different combinations. The indentations are therefore so distributed on the
combination disc that the hammer can always only actuate the next but one of the
holders which have just been struck. In order however to enable all the hollers to be
operated by one hammer H, the bar A3, Figures 6 and 7, which carries the
hammer is as already stated carried in a carriage G which is adjustable parallel to
the plane of rotation of the typewheel. A lever D³, (Figures 7, 6 and 7ª, also
Figure 2) which is revolvably attached at D to the frame of the machine engages.
with this carriage G5, and may be operated in the following manner by means of
two elbow levers which engage with it.
Hitherto in this Specification only type-holders P, Figure 3, and holders or
dies P, Figure 5B, which produce the return of the matrix roller mechanism have-
been mentioned. In addition to these however there are on the typewheel T..
Figures 7 and 7, further two holders or setters P which differ from those of P
and P, in having no setscrew m, Figure 3, no type or punch and finally no
projection L, but only each one projection L reaching to a varying width against
the interior of the wheel, but otherwise stopped in the same way as P and P₁ and.
actuated by the hammer H and drawn to the right by the curved groove l.
The projections L' are arranged on the holders in such a way that when they
are in a non-actuated condition the holders which carry them pass by the levers d
and D (as, for instance, the projection L' which is shown in full in Figure 7^
passes to the left of ") and when actuated come under the levers d" and D¹ and
lift the respective levers (in Figure 7 the projection L' which is shown in dotted
lines lifts the lever D"). But according as the lower arm of d or D is lifted,
the lever D³, Figure 7, which is influenced by them is caused to swing outwards
and it then pushes the carriage G³ a distance equal to two typeholders by which.
means the type hammer H in one position can act on each first, third, fifth, seventh.
holder, whilst in the second position it is intended to actuate each second, fourth,.
sixth, eighth holder.
Each combination on the combination disc corresponds, therefore, to the operation:
of two different but adjacent type holders, according to whether the one or the
other of the two holders or setters P2 is struck and if the hammer H be brought in
its two positions.
THE PLAY OF THE ELECTRO
ONETS.
Figure is an elevation of the apparatus for effecting the switching of any
desired electromagnet into a circuit.
Figure 8 is a detail, also partially shown in Figure 1.
It results from the hereinbefore described arrangements of the combination disc
of the lever keys and the electromagnets, as all these parts acting together move the
hammer H (the type hammer) to actuate any desired holder, that this operation of
the holder may be simply brought about by causing an electric current to circulate
through all the electromagnets or only through some of them, according as the
combination requires. In order to allow this to be done in a simple manner by the
machine itself, as many perforations (the first row on the left of Figure 8) are
made in the width of a strip of paper, Figure 8, which is carried in the direction
of arrow 13 over a contact roller er, Figure 8, as there are electromagnets (that is,.
lever keys) in this case 6. If then there are on the contact roller er, Figure 8^, as
many contact springs cf as there are electromagnets (here again 6) and the contact.
roller er be electrically connected with all the electromagnets Mll and also cach
Figure 8 is an elevation of the apparatus for effecting the switching of any
desired electromagnet into a circuit.
Figure 8 is a detail, also partially shown in Figure 1.
It results from the hereinbefore described arrangements of the combination dise
of the lever keys and the electromagnets, as all these parts acting together move the
hammer H (the type hammer) to actuate any desired holder, that this operation of
the holder may be simply brought about by causing an electric current to circulate
through all the electromagnets or only through some of them, according as the
combination requires. In order to allow this to be done in a simple manner by the
machine itself, as many perforations (the first row on the left of Figure 8) are
made in the width of a strip of paper, Figure 8B, which is carried in the direction
of arrow 13 over a contact roller er, Figure 8, as there are electromagnets (that is,.
lever keys) in this case 6. If then there are on the contact roller er, Figure 8, as
many contact springs of as there are electromagnets (here again 6) and the contact.
roller er be electrically connected with all the electromagnets Ml and also cach

page_text: of the contact springs of with one of the electromagnets M", Figure 6B, and
further with a source of electricity, the electric current will circulate through all
the electromagnets at each moment that the six perforations, shown on the left of
Figure 8B, come between the contact springs ef and the contact roller er, and the
levers N, Figure 6", swinging to the right will push all the lever keys H" from
the disc B over to ", and if, during the rotation of the combination dise,
indentations come under all the lever keys, these latter, following the impulse of
the spring hp, will move the hammer H downwards so that this latter actuates a
given holder. The paper strip, Figure 8, receives, after each rotation of the type
wheel axis, a backwards progressive movement about the distance of two rows of
holes, which lie behind one another in the direction of arrow 13, Figure 8B, and
this strip is not always provided with six holes across its width. At those places
where a hole is wanting, the respective contact spring cƒ, Figure 8ª, is therefore
insulated from the contact roller er, and no current circulates through the electro-
magnets connected with the contact roller, and therefore also the lever keys which
are influenced from this electromagnet by means of a lever N, Figure 6B, are not.
moved from B to
Thus the successive order of the types which are to be impressed may already be
fixed in advance, according to the perforations in a strip of paper which is drawn
over the contact roller er.
A strip of paper perforated in this way is wound on a roller gl, Figures 8 and 1,
and runs from there between contact roller er and springs e to the two carrying
rollers which move it in the following manner to the extent of two rows of
holes at each rotation of the type wheel axis A-
A cam disc is seated on the type wheel axis A, Figure 8, and this disc³
causes a movable pawl lever a pivotted at 1, Figure 1, to swing out, after
which this lever returns under the action of a spring which presses it upwards.
Lever, Figure 8, carries a pawl which engages in a ratchet wheel attached to
the end of the lower carrying roller ", and moves this roller, as well as the other
conveying roller ", a little forward (the upper roller being carried with it by
friction) and the paper held between the two rollers is drawn forward.
In addition to the six rows of holes - shown on the strip of paper, Figure 8B,
which holes affect the electromagnets, a seventh row 77 may also be observed, and
on the contact roller er, Figure 8ª, there is in addition to the six contact springs ef,
also a seventh ef. The object of these two, ef and will be explained in the
subsequent paragraph entitled "the automatic justification of the lines." As in
this case six lever keys H", Figure 6, are employed, the following point may be
specially mentioned. With a given number of lever keys only a given number of
combinations can be obtained. Again the number of these combinations is fixed in
constructing each machine, for instance, in the present machine 84 is the number
of the holders. As the type hammer is made adjustable to the extent of two
holders, and in each position it only acts on each two holders, it suffices to obtain
the half of 84 that is to say 42 combinations and for this the number of six lever
keys suffices.
THE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE LINES.
Figure 9 is a view of Figure 2 from the right, the cam disc D and guide bar f
being removed. Figure 9 is a cross section of Figure 9 and Figures 94 to 94 are
detail views which will be explained in the course of this Specification.
In the paragraph of this Specification relating to "type and line spacing,"
reference was made to the present paragraph as regards the spaces to be left
between the separate words, because in the present paragraph a mechanism is
described by means of which it is possible to make the ends of the lines to lie all in
one line one under the other. The ends of the lines would not really lie in a straight
line one under the other if the spaces remaining between the words were all of
equal size. But all the lines in this type impressing machine are made of equal

page_text: length (that is, they are justified) by suitably distributing the difference which
exists between a correct and an incorrect line even during the impressing, over the
number of spaces remaining between the separate words in this incorrect line.
In this improved type impressing machine, however, a minimum space is retained
between each word and this space may be extended if desired.
For producing the minimum space, wo spacing holders P³, Figures 9 and 9B, are
employed, which holders like the other ones are adjustably arranged and held in
the type wheel. As the type hammer may have two positions, two holders P³ are
employed in this case, so that the hammer without being first necessarily moved
from its actual position, may operate one holder for producing the minimum space.
The holders Ps have no types (puches) but only a projection e and a set screw m
(see Figure 98). On the completion of a word the hammer H operates one of
the two holders P3 by means of a certain combination produced on the combination
disc. The holder operated then strikes with the set screw m against the lever E,
Figure 5B, whereupon the latter, as explained in the paragraph relating to the
letter and line spacing, produces the adjustment or movement of the matrix roller
mechanism to the extent of the smallest space.
For justifying the lines it is amongst other things necessary to increase the
minimum space. This corresponds to a further adjustment of the matrix roller
mechanism, which is produced by means of the holders or sockets P or P³. Two
of these latter are again arranged side by side for the same reason as was P³.
They are also provided with set screws m, which when the holders which carries
them is operated, cause the lever E, Figure 5B, to move outwards, and thus increase
the minimum space by means of a further adjustment of the matrix roller
mechanism.
If the type hammer on one rotation of the type-wheel be allowed then to
descend three times in succession it will operate one of the holders or
sockets P, P, P' and these will produce the maximum space. Eight successive
indentations on the combination disc correspond to this, where there are six lever
keys. As, however, in many cases the space produced by means of one holder or
socket P³ and one 1 is sufficiently large, and in other cases again the minimum
space alone suffices, in all cases however all the three holders or sockets are
operated in this machine but as shown, cannot collectively effect the adjustment
of the matrix, P4 and P³ are usually locked when they pass by under the
hammer H. The three holders may then be operated and yet only P³ acts.
This principle is explained in the following manner :-
In front of the projection as of the holder P, Figures 9 and 9, there is a
plate and another Y in front of a s" of the holder P. Both Y and Y" lie
flat one on the other and prevent both sockets P* and P' from springing to the
right even when these are actuated, as they or rather their projections as and a ¹¹
come opposite Y and Y" exactly at the moment that they pass under the
hammer H. If the space produced by means of P3 is sufficient, the plates Y
and Y are left in that position, Figure 9 in which they rest in front of as
and a s
If, however, it be desired to obtain a greater space, Y and Y are drawn away
from as and a " or " only from a s¹¹.
This is also done by the machine in the following manner-
In the paper strip, Figure 8B, which contains the six rows of holes, there is
further a seventh row of holes provided, through which the contact spring cf'
passes, and closes a circuit with the contact roller cr, which current circulates
through a single electro-magneta arranged under the type wheel axis A,
Figures 9, 9 and Figure 2. This magnet being thereby rendered magnetic
attracts a hammer a k, Figure 9^, which by its movement to the electro-magnet l
pushes a pint which is adjustably arranged in a lever hl, see also Figure 9, in
the direction of arrow 21 under the circumference of the rotating cam-disc ec.
This latter causes thereby the lever h which carries the pin st to make a
single downwards movement on its point of rotation, Figure 9, aud carries the
B

page_text: '
pin st back into its original position again by means of the projection ex¹¹as in
the meantime the contact between the contact-roller er, Figure 8^ and spring c
is interrupted by the paper strip being moved forward, and the hammer a k
Figure 9, returns to its original position. The lever hl carries a pawl he which is
so broad that it extends over both the plates Y and Y" which lie side by side,
Figure 9. It may now be considered that and Y have reached their highest
position, Figure 94, in which they stand in front of as and a s", and thus prevent
the holders P or P³, in case they are actuated, from springing out; the edges of
Y and Y which face toward hc are toothed in such a way that the uppermost
tooth on Y lies one tooth higher than the uppermost tooth of Y", Y having five
teeth, Figure 9B, Y" on the other hand only three teeth, Figure 9. The lever l
is so placed when Y and Y" are in their highest position, that its pawl he only
engages in the lowest tooth of Y and if I be moved downwards by the action of
the eccentric er, the pawl he first draws Y alone downwards, the arrangement
being such that Y must first be drawn downwards four times before the pawl hc,
Figure 94 causes a downward movement of the plate Y". On the second
longitudinal edge of Y Y there is a pawl q", Figure 9 arranged, which is so
broad, that it can engage equally with the pawl he in the ratchet teeth of both
plates. This pawl has for its object to stop Y Y" in their actual position.
The plate has further a pin if, Figure 9, which on the plate moving
downwards slides in a slot in the plate Y, Figure 9. The slot in Y" is of the
same length as the extent of the movement of the plate Y amounts to under four
successive pulls. The pin if therefore on the completion of the fourth pull on Y,
rests against the lower end of the slot in Y", see Figure 9º, and on the fifth
pull the plate Y carried along by means of the pin if moves with Y downwards.
The plate Y thus shares on the fifth pull, and draws by means of if the plate Y
so far down that Y" is engaged by the pawl qf", and the pawl he on the next
pull may engage Y" and draw it further. Y and Y are under the action of
springs, which have a tendency to press the plates upwards.
As soon as the
magnet X has been five times excited by means of five holes of the row of
holes, of the strip of paper, Figure 88, the plates Y and Y" assume the position
shown in Figure 9 and Figure 9 and Y is stopped by 9" resting on the
uppermost tooth of Y, whilst qf" simultaneously engages with the lowest tooth of
the plate Y".
The pulls 5-8 have no action on Y as the latter is always then let back into
the position shown in Figure 9. The pulls 1-4 draw Y downwards, the filth
pull serves only with the assistance of Y to move Y" in such a way, that the
latter engages with f", and may be drawn downwards by the next three pulls.
On the completion of the eighth and last pull the plate Yif has reached its lowest
position, Figure 9, so that all its teeth lie below the pawl qf".
In the uppermost row of holes 7, Figure 8B, there are at a distance of two
lines apart always a number of holes (1 to 8 in number), which produce the
justifying of the lines. The paper band is first provided with such holes as are
intended for making the combination of letters, and on the completion of the line
there always follows an empty piece of band or strip for the above mentioned 1
to 8 holes, before a new line commences.
On the completion of each line, each of the units of breadth which are wanting
to fill up the space, is brought in front of the line by those 1-8 holes, in other
words, before the commencement of the line there is first a space for eight holes
left free, and after this line is finished, it is seen by how many units of width the
spaces must be increased in order to produce the justification of the lines, and the
necessary number of holes for producing the increase of the spaces is then brought
in front of the line in the seventh row of holes.
If the impressing of the matrix is proceeding, as many excitations of the
magnet are produced by means of the holes of the seventh row, before the
commencement of the text of the line, as are necessary to draw up the plates Y
and Y to the necessary extent.

page_text: When this has been done the printing of the text of the line commences in the
following manner :-
The projection as of the holder P* when it is retained by the plate Y passes by
a lift bar H B without touching the samne during its course. If, however, the
holder can spring forward by the plate Y being drawn down, the projection as
comes under the lift bar H B and raises the same. Thereby g' is turned on q",
Figure 9, and the play of the armature of 9" is brought about, whilst a counter
pawl pl ensures the engagement of 7" on the return of H B" in a lower tooth
of Y, and if Y" be also drawn down, it also engages in a lower tooth of Y".
Assuming that 6 holes are provided in the seventh row on the strip of paper,
that is to say, six units of width are to be added to the line in order to justify
the same, the plate Y must be first drawn four times and the plate Y" also twice,
before the movement of the actual text of the line begins.
On the completion of each word the normal space is first produced by the set
screw m of the holder P³, and when the plates Y and Y" release the holders P
and P³ the screws m of the latter further impart a push to the lever E, Figure 5B.
The screw m of P stands one unit further to the outside than that of P3, and the
screw m, which belongs to P, is also one unit more forward than the one which
belongs to P
As assumed above, if it be a question of a line to which six units of breadth are
to be added, and to which therefore the six holes in the seventh row correspond,
P3, P and Ps are then operated for the first word spacing and all impart a push
to E, Figure 5B. After they have all successively acted on E, the projection a s
comes under the push bar H B" (Figure 9) and produces at 7f a play of the
armature which causes both Y and Y to be moved upwards one tooth. The
operation is repeated at the next word space of the same line, and for the normal
spacing two further units of breadth must be added. The drop bar H B" again
raises the armature 9f", whereupon Y and Y are moved upward a further stage.
As has now been drawn downwards twice, it has thus reached its highest
position and thus locks the holder P. At the next word space only P can
therefore act, and add one unit to the normal spacing. The latter can therefore
only be twice repeated; as, after the second movement, Y itself also comes into its
highest position, and then debars P from further movement. After this only
normal spaces can be produced in the line.
The six units of breadth wanting at the end of line are then distributed over the
first four spaces between the words; on the first and second spaces, double units are
added, and on the two following ones only single units.
It is evident from the foregoing that 1-4 units of breadth may be distributed on
the first four word spaces. Of five units of breadth added, a double one goes on
the first space and three single ones to the remainder. In the case of six as shown
in the previous example, double units are allotted to the first two word spaces and
single ones to the following: in the case of seven, three double units to the first
three word spaces and one single to the fourth. Finally if there are eight units to
be distributed, four double ones are added to the first four word spaces.
It is easily seen that, by suitably increasing the teeth of Y Y", the number of
the additions may be increased as may be desired.
о
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A type impressing machine in which the types or punches are carried in
holders adjustably arranged in a rotating type wheel and parallel to the axis of the.
same, and which according to the sentence which is to be impressed, can act on a
matrix which is suitably moved for forming lines, when each holder carrying the
type, which is to be impressed, is actuated by a mechanism (hammer), arranged
over the typewheel, for actuating such holders, this hammer being in turn
influenced, in connection with the rotating typewheel (by means of a combination
.

page_text: disc) by a moving strip of non-conducting material, which strip contains the
sentence in the form of rows of holes, the hammer then acting on each given
holder when it comes beneath it during the rotation of the typewheel which
carries such holder, substantially as described and as shown on the accompanying
drawings.
2. In the type impressing machine described in Claim 1, the type holders P
which in a normal position are held in the rotating typewheel which carries them,
and on their release (actuating) by means of a hammer H, spring sideways under
the action of a spring a, by which means a projection e attached to these holders
comes into a curved groove 1, which during the rotation draws the actuated holder
so much further sideways that the type carried by, it is moved by a cam disc D
against the matrix in order to produce the impression, after which holder and type
owing to the form of groove and cam disc D, return to their original position, and
the holder is again held fast, substantially as described and shown.
3. In the type impressing machine described in Claim 1, the matrix roller
mechanism consisting of the rollers which carry the paper matrix, and which are
arranged in a frame oscillating on its axis i, which together with the matrix is
moved by the holder, which at the moment is in the printing position, against the
impressing punch t, so that the whole matrix roller mechanism oscillating on i, is
carried along by t with the latter in order to make a more exact impression and
then swings back again, substantially as described and shown.
4. In the type impressing machine described in Claim 1, a device for adjusting
the matrix for producing the space which is to remain between two types,
consisting of a setscrew m arranged on each type holder I', which setscrew when
the holder which carries it is in an active position engages in such a way a
lever E that this lever after the impression of a type has taken place, can move
forward a carriage G which carries the matrix roller mechanism, and which is
adjustable vertically to the axis of rotation of the typewheel, this moving
forward being done by a suitable mechanism ja to to an amount to corre-
spond to the type just impressed plus a type space, substantially as described and
shown.
5. In the type impressing machine described in Claim 1, a device for returning
again the matrix at the end of a line, to the extent of the length of the same, and
for moving the matrix forward to the extent of two lines, consisting of a holder,
similar to the other type holders P, which holder is adjustably arranged on the
rotating type wheel T and which, when in a stopped position, causes a lever K to
swing outwards by means of a projection L on such holder, so that this lever, by
the engagement of the constantly rotating coupling N and a worm U, sets this
latter in rotation, which then, by means of a suitable device u, 1, 4, pushes back
the carriage carrying the matrix roller mechanism and therewith also the matrix M,
whilst, at the end of this adjustment, a pawl levert, movable on the frame k w of
the matrix roller mechanism, is moved in such a way that it rotates the rollers k
which draw out the matrix, to the extent of two lines, substantially as described
and shown.
6. In the machine described in Claim 1, a mechanism for actuating the holders,
in which a hammer H, which actuates the holders, is operated by means of a
number of lever keys H", and a divided combination disc C", when these lever
keys Hall fall simultaneously into suitable indentations E" of the combination
disc, the passing over and return (combination) of the lever keys from one side B"
of the combination disc to the other 6", (with the object of producing as large a
number of combinations as possible) taking place by the action of electro-
magnets M" and a disc S" provided with a guide grooves, substantially as
described and shown.
7. In the type impressing machine described in Claim 1, the adjusting of the
hammer H parallel to the plane of rotation of the type wheel T, by means of one
of the two holders P, which, when in a stopped condition, pushes forward a
carriage G (which carries the hammer H) by means of a suitable lever

page_text: device d", D, D³, to the extent of two holders on the type wheel, with the object
of rendering capable of employment each combination on the combination disc "C"
for each two holders, substantially as described and shown.
8. In the type impressing machine described in Claim 1, a device for bringing
into action the separate electromagnets M, which influence the lever keys H for
producing the combinations, consisting of a strip of electrically non-conducting
material perforated to correspond to the combinations, which strip is carried over a
contact roller cr which is in electrical connection with all the above named
electromagnets, and causes the excitement of separate electromagnets, in order to
influence the lever keys H", when a metallic contact takes place between the
contact roller er and the contact springs cf resting thereon, (the number of these
contact springs being arranged to correspond to the number of the electromagnets).
by means of the perforations in the above named strips, substantially as described
and shown.
9. In the type impressing machine described in Claim 1, a device for auto-
matically justifying the lines, consisting of a number of holders or sockets P³, P
and P, which are usually retained by plates Y Y and actuated by the hammer H,
and which push forward the matrices (as per Claim 4) when the plates Y Y",
which retain them, are moved away therefrom according to the amount of extra
space which it is desired to add to the normal space between the words, this moving.
away of the plates Y Y taking place by means of the strips of electrically
non-conducting material, described in Claim 8, with the assistance of an electro-
magnet, a pawl lever hl hc, the contact roller cr, as well as a contact spring of',
aud the return of the plates Y Y", that is, the retaining of the holders P P taking
place by means of projections as as attached to these holders, which projections.
act on the pawl device cf" p" which holds the plates Y Y" in their advanced
position, substantially as described and shown.
Dated this 21st day of September 1893.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.