CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN LIFTING AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
TREBAHAR JEFFREE, of Blackwall, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Eleventh day of January, in the fifth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Tresahar Jeffree, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Tresahar Jeffree,
my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said John Tresahar
Jeffree, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within that part of Her Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land called England, Her Dominion of Wales, Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LIFTING AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso that I, the said John Tresahar Jeffree, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's Iligh
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the

page_text: date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Tresahar Jeffree, do hereby declare that the nature of my said invented
improvements, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following Specification thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The first of my said invented improvements consists in dispensing by the
means represented in Figures A, B, C, D, E, and F, with the hinged or self-
acting valves, commonly used in pumps for forcing and lifting water and
other fluids, and avoiding thereby the great liability to derangement to which
such valves are necessarily subject. To the side of the barrel of the pump
(which in the said Figures is supposed to be in a horizontal position) I affix
an oblong piece A, with a plain surface, having six rectangular apertures in
it, a, b, c, d, e, f, communicating with different passages made through the
body of the said piece, and represented in the sectional views B, C, and D.
The apertures a and f communicate with passages which lead into the barrel
of the pump, one on each side of the piston, as shewn in the horizontal sec-
tion B; the openings 6 and d lead upwards to the discharge pipes, as shewn
in the vertical section C, while the apertures c and e lead downwards to the
well or other source of supply, as represented in the sectional view D, (the
discharge and supply pipes being omitted in the Drawings as unnecessary to
a clear comprehension of my said improvements). To the plain surface piece
A, I adapt another plain surfaced piece E, (the two pieces being ground true
to fit each other exactly,) and having six rectangular apertures a², b², c³, d², e²,
and f, leading to passages in the said piece E, which communicate with each
other in the manner shewn in the horizontal section E. To the outside of
this piece E, I attach a rod g, as shewn in Figure F, which rod is parallel to
the piston rod and moved to and fro simultaneously with it, and by the same
power, whatever that may be. The better to preserve the parallelism of the
piece E, it may be made to slide within flanges raised on the face of the
piece A, but when the pump is short this will not be necessary. The action
of a pump of this improved construction is as follows:-Suppose the piston is
at the bottom or further end of the barrel, the two pieces A and E will then
be face on face or in full contact, and the apertures and solid parts of the
two faces will be in such relative positions to one another that one of each
of the three pairs of apertures, the pair leading to the barrel (a and f), the
pair leading to the discharge pipe (b and d), and the pair leading to the well

page_text: or other source of supply (c and e), will be open and the other shut; the
biston being now raised or drawn out, the vacuum produced causes the water
to flow up from the well or other source of supply, through the aperture e in
he face of the piece A, into the aperture e in the face of the piece E, whence
t passes through the aperture f, Figure A, into the barrel of the pump; by
the return stroke of the piston the water which was raised by the preceeding
stroke is expelled from the pump barrel, through the apertures f and d, into
the upward discharge pipe connected with the opening d, while at the same
time the vacuum produced behind the piston causes the water to flow up
from the well or other source of supply and pass through the apertures 6 and a
into the barrel, ready to be discharged at the next up or outward stroke of
the piston. At every subsequent stroke of the piston there will of course be
always one body of water supplied to the pump barrel and one discharged
from it, and that alternately at opposite ends of the piston, and if the dis-
charge pipes connected with the openings b and d are made to empty them-
selves into one common mouthpiece the water will be discharged in one
continuous stream.
The second of my said invented improvements consists in another description
of double-acting pump, represented in the vertical section G, horizontal sec-
tion G, and separate view of part of the apparatus H, in which, as in the
preceeding case, hinged or self-acting valves are entirely dispensed with. In
this pump I regulate the admission of the water or other fluid by means of
a slide valve of the sort in ordinary use in steam engines, but without the
jacket and stuffing box, which are their customary appendages. Figure G
shews the pump as it would be if fitted with a slide valve of the ordinary
construction, and Figure H shews the sort of valve which I propose to sub-
stitute for it. In a pump of the construction of Figure G, the water rising
in the pipe A flows by a curved passage carried round the barrel of the pump
to the opening B, whence it passes upwards through a channel a left open
by the slide into the barrel, whilst at the same time the water supposed to be
left in the lower part of the barrel by a preceeding stroke is forced up the
passage b, and into the casing of the slide, whence it is discharged through
the orifice C. The improved slide valve represented in Figure H is all in
one piece and of an oblong form, with a plain face, but curved a little if
necessary, so as to fit exactly to the barrel of the pump. In the centre of the
face there is a recess c, of sufficient width to cover the two passages (a and b)
into the barrel; and behind it there is a curved channel d, cut out in the body
of the slide lengthwise, and terminating at top and bottom in apertures in
the face of the slide, which as the slide is moved up and down (by parallel

page_text: connections with the piston rod in the usual manner) communicate alter-
nately with the passages a. and b, allowing the water to flow through c, a
up into the pump, barrel, and through b, d, into the discharge pipe,e. In
Figure K, I have shewn how a slide valve on the plan last described may be
applied to a double-acting condensing steam engine,, and in Figure L how it
may be modified to suit a single-acting condensing engine. In Figure K the
valve, or rather double valve, consists of two pieces exactly of the same form
as Figure H, but without the discharging mouthpiece e, coupled together by
a rod a. S is the induction steam passage; b¹ and 6 the passages, into the
cylinder at top and bottom; and X' and X. the passages leading to the con-
denser. In the valve. made use of in the single-acting engine shewn in
Figure L, the centre recess (c) is: dispensed with, and in place: of it there are
two smaller recesses (a and b) made in the face of the slide at top and bottom,
and so proportioned that the upper, one shall cover. the.steam entrance.and
exit passages sa and e,. and the lower one the entrance and exit passages f and g.
The manner in which in both cases the induction and eduction passages, are
alternately opened and closed will be readily understood from inspection of
the Figures.
The third of my said improvements consists of a lifting. and forcing pump
of the construction represented in Figures, M, N, O; and: V,,M, is an enterior
and N a sectional view of the pump. The main barrel of the pump P has an
outer case P³, Ps, and there is one cover Q, common to both barrel and case,
through which cover the piston works. A tapering. cylindrical plug.a. (sepa-
rately represented in Figure V.) is inserted crosswise, through the barrel and
case near to the bottom, just opposite to the mouthpiece, o, and: secured
externally on the opposite side by a screw and: washer in the usual way.
The portion of this plug included within the inner barrel is in its least diameter
of the same diameter as that barrel,, but it has two. apertures.t, t, cut out in
it, which communicate with one another, and which may be placed in such
positions by the turning round of the plug as either to allow the water to
flow from below up into the barrel above the plug, or out of the barrel
through the mouthpiece o. The larger end of this plug is armed throughout
a quarter of its periphery with cogs, which take into a vertical rack 6, which
is connected by a rod c with the pump covering Q. Supposing the piston
and plug to be in the respective positions shewn in Figure N, when the piston
is raised the water flows up through the apertures t, t, into the interior barrel,
and just before the completion of its stroke it catches against the cover Q,
and raises it up, with the rack rod attached to it, sufficiently high to change
the position of the apertures t, t, into that shewn in the separate view. Q,

page_text: whereby the communication between the top and bottom of the barrel is
closed, and the apertures t, t, become outlets for the water which has been
raised by the upstroke into the mouthpiece o. In like manner when the
piston has just about completed the return or down stroke, the head of it
strikes against the cover Q, and pressing it down, along with the rack rod
attached to it, turns round the plug into its original position, cutting off
thereby the communication with the mouthpiece, and re-establishing that
between the top and bottom of the interior barrel; the rack rod c is prolonged
a little at bottom, in order that the part & may serve as a stop to regulate
the length of each stroke.
The fourth and last of my said improvements consists in raising and forcing
water and other fluids by means of a double-acting pump of the construction
represented in Figure P and P². This pump has two concentric barrels, the
space between which is divided by two partitions a, a, Figure P2; to the
inner barrel there are four apertures, two at top (b, c,) for ingress and egress,
and two (d, e,) for ingress and egress at bottom. Inside of the same barrel
there are two rings f and 9 which fit exactly, and are of width sufficient to
shut the aperture b, c, and d, e, and these rings are connected together by two
vertical rods r, r, attached to shorter horizontal rods which project from the
rings. Each time the piston completes a stroke it strikes either against the
ring at top or against that at bottom, and raises or depresses it, as also the
other ring with which it is connected through the medium of the rods r, r.
to an extent just sufficient to open and shut the particular apertures required
to be opened and shut. The action of the pump is in other respects the same
as that of any ordinary double-action pump, and need not therefore be here
described.
In Figure T, I have given a Drawing of the sort of pump represented in
Figures A, B, C, D, E, and F, as applied to a watercloset, to which purpose
it is exceedingly well adapted, more especially to waterclosets on board ships,
where the space required for water cisterns can generally be ill spared. a is
a suction pipe connected with the aperture e, Figure A, and which may be
carried either to the bilge water of the vessel or to the water outside. b is a
pipe which passes upwards from the aperture d, (Figure A,) to the pan of
the watercloset, into which it empties itself; and c is the soil pipe connected
with the aperture c of the Figure A, and which may be carried outwards in
any direction desired.
And having now described the nature of my said improvements, and the
manner in which the same are to be performed, I declare that I do not claim
any
of the machines or parts of machines herein-before described or repre-

page_text: sented in the Drawings hereunto annexed as new, and of my Invention, for
the purposes before expressed, saving and excepting only the valve pieces
represented by Figures A, B, C, D, E, and F, the valve pieces represented
by Figure H, with the modifications thereof applicable to steam engines,
shewn in Figures K and L, the cogged plug a of Figures M, N, O, and V,
with the rack and rod connected therewith, and the valve rings f and g, with
their connecting rods r, r, of Figures P and P. And I declare that what
I claim as new and of my Invention is,-
Firstly, the raising and forcing of water and other fluids by means of a
pump, the induction and eduction or suction and discharge apertures of which
are placed and adjusted in the manner represented in Figures A, B, C, and D,
and alternately opened and closed by a sliding piece of the construction repre-
sented in Figures E and F, and moved to and fro by the same power by which
the piston is moved, and simultaneously with it.
Secondly, the raising and forcing of water and other fluids by means of a
pump, the induction and eduction passages of which are placed and adjusted
in the manner represented in Figures G and G, and alternately opened and
closed by a sliding valve piece of the construction represented by Figure H,
and moved to and fro in the same manner as that last described..
Thirdly, the application of the sliding valve piece, represented by Figure H,
to steam engines, whether in the modified forms shewn in Figures K and L,
or in any other analagous modifications thereof which practice may point out
to be desirable.
Fourthly, the raising and forcing of water and other fluids by means of a
pump of the construction represented in Figures M, N, O, and V, in which
the ingress and egress of the fluid is regulated by means of a cogged tap and
rack constructed and acted upon in the manner represented in the said Figures
and herein-before described; and
Fifthly, the raising and forcing of water and other fluids by means of a
double-action pump, with double barrel and two valve rings (f, 9,) constructed
and acting in the manner herein-before described.
And I declare that I do not limit myself to the precise forms or dimensions
given in the Drawings hereunto annexed to the parts herein-before excepted
as being new and of my Invention, but that what I claim is, the exclusive
right to the same, however they may be varied in form or dimensions, as long
as they are used for the purposes and in the manner herein-before expressed.
And such my said Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britian and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of

page_text: Wales, the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Islands of Guernsey, Alder-
ney, Sark, and Man, or in any of Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, I do hereby declare this to be my Invention of the same, and that
I do verily believe this my said Specification doth comply, fully and in
all respects, without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said in part
recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore I hereby claim to maintain
exclusive right and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh
day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and