IMPROVE- MENTS ON POWER LOOMS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Hermann Wilke, of Chemnitz, in the
Kingdom of Saxony, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS ON POWER LOOMS."
Sealed the 22nd April 1873, and dated the 7th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Hermann
Wilke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th November 1872.
I, FRIEDRICH HERMANN WILKE, of Chemnitz, in the Kingdom of
Saxony, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS ON POWER LOOMS," to be as follows:-
These improvements are shewn on the accompanying Drawings, of
which Sheets 1, 2, 3, & 4 shew the entire improved loom in four different
views, while the Figures marked A. to Z. on Sheets 5 to 10 shew detached
views of the several parts of the machine to which my improvements are
applied.

page_text: The grid 1 (Figs. A. and B., Sheet 5) consists of a number of broad
iron bars corresponding to the row of patterns of the jacquard apparatus
and the harness. These bars (of which eight are shewn in Fig. B.) are
fastened at each end to cross pieces 2 to which the rods 3 are attached.
Each of these rods passes through the harness board 4, and is fastened
at its upper part to a cross lever 5, which is pivotted at its end 6 and
fastened near its middle to a belt 7, connected to a half wheel 8 on the
shaft 9, by which means the cross levers 5 are actuated. The shaft 9 is
rocked to a certain extent by the rod 10, which is connected to a crank 11
on the main shaft 12.
In Fig. B. the action of the cross levers 5, as also the motion of the
bars of the grid 1, are indicated by dotted lines, and the purpose of this
new part is to produce pure textures with. the jacquard loom and the
harness as well as with shafts, for which purpose the jacquard weights 13
are made of new and peculiar form, consisting of round or flattened
wires bent into oblong rings. These embracing the bars of the grid
weights are held by the usual jacquard healds 14, which are in con-
nection with the neck twines 15 and the pattern 16 (Fig. A.). At each
stroke of the shuttle the jacquard apparatus is raised, whereby the
grid 1 is elevated, so that at each stroke of the shuttle all or any of the
jacquard weights 13 are free to be raised. In the case of a thread being
broken and a weight being prevented from falling by the next heald it
is drawn down by the grid bar passing through it, in all cases therefore
the descent of the threads is made certain as in apparatus worked with
shafts.
The jacquard apparatus itself differs from existing ones in having
three pattern surfaces and three sets of patterns. In Figs. A. and C.
there is a fixed pattern surface 17, and on the other side is a moveable
pattern surface 18. Both pattern surfaces carry the working patterns,
which have to determine the movements of the warp. Between these
two pattern surfaces there is a third movable pattern surface 19 carrying
the patterns, of which there may be four, six, or eight hundred, or any
other desired number.
It has already been mentioned that the shaft 9 rocks somewhat, by
which the levers 20 (Figs. D. and E.) are caused to oscillate, as indicated
by the dotted lines. When the left arm of the lever 20 is inclined
downwards then the pattern surface 19 is also inclined, being connected

page_text: to the lever 20 by the rods 21, but being pivotted at 22 it can only take
the inclined position indicated by the dotted line 23, by this means the
patterns lying on the pattern surface also assume an inclined position
under the warp. In the meantime the lifting bar 24 being inclined
upwards raises the patterns in an inclined position, by which means an
inclined upper surface is formed in the warp. The raising of the lifting
bar 24 is effected by the right arm of the lever 20, connected to it by
the rod 25, and as the lifting bar turns on pivots at 26 it assumes at
each stroke the inclined positions indicated by the dotted line 27. The
pattern surface and the lifting bar are made to work between side guides
so that they oscillate perpendicularly, by which means all the patterns
are caused to rise and fall exactly vertically. The working patterns
which serve to regulate the weaving loom are mounted to the left and
right of the movable patterns on a fixed pattern surface, and are con-
structed strongly and furnished with strong cords, of which four to. the
left and four to the right (as shewn in Fig. E.) pass through the harness
board 4 to the regulating hooks 33, 34, 35, 36 on the left, and 37, 38,
39, and 40 on the right. These regulating hooks are so mounted on the
rods 41 and 42 that the upper and lower on either hand are kept apart in
guides 44 by spiral springs 43.
Between the regulating hooks there is a regulating wheel 45 having
twelve pins, and mounted on a horizontal shaft 46, which works by
gearing, as will hereafter be described, the revolving shuttle boxes in
twelve compartments for changing the shuttles. When for instance the
regulating hook 39 is to gear in the regulating wheel then the corre-
sponding pattern in being elevated by means of the lifting bar has to
pull the cord attached to it; but this being attached to the one arm of
a lever 47 the regulating hook 39 attached to the other arm descends,
and its tip catches in the regulating wheel 45, and as soon as the regu-
lating hooks make the motion caused by the beam the regulating
wheel 45 is made to turn th of a revolution. When the rotation of
this regulating wheel has to take place in the opposite direction then
another pattern is raised, and a second cord attached directly to the
regulating hook 40 will elevate it so as to cause it to catch into the
regulating wheel 45 from below, and make it turn in the opposite
Lirection. But when the regulating wheel 45 is to be moved 2/1, ths of
revolution backwards or forwards this is effected by either of the two
ooks 37, 38, which are nearer to the wheel and have broader hooks,

page_text: and which are consequently longer in contact with the wheel. It is
therefore possible to turn alternately the revolving shuttle box 1/12 th of
a revolution forwards by means of the regulating hook 39 12 th back-
wards by means of the regulating hook 40, or 2/12 ths forwards by means
of the hook 37, and 12 ths backwards by means of the hook 38. The
shuttle box can thus be moved so as to effect the desired change of the
shuttles. The moving of the prism by means of the movement of the
jacquard apparatus is effected by eccentrics or cams; and one of my
improvements consists in making the card frame with its pulleys 28
moveable. The card bearer 29 is fixed to the framing, and to it is
pivotted at 30 a frame 31 on which the pulleys are mounted. The
frame 31 is connected to the beam 32, to which a vibrating motion is
imparted, as indicated in Fig. D. by the dotted lines, which motion is
consequently also imparted to the card frame 31.
Besides the working patterns for the above-mentioned hooks 33 to 40,
there are necessary other working patterns, one to the left and one to
the right of the fixed pattern surface, for loosening the shuttle springs
on both sides of the loom. These two patterns 48 and 49 (Figs. F.
and G.) are connected by means of cords with the levers 50 and 51, the
one being on a horizontal shaft 52, the other on a shaft 53 beneath it.
Both shafts work in bearings 54, 55, 56 on the harness board 4.
When the pattern 49 is raised its lever 51 is also raised, the shaft 53
is caused to rock, and its arm 57 to oscillate. This arm is connected by
a cord to a bent lever 58, which is raised by the upward stroke of the
arm 57. When the lever 58 by the action of the patterns is brought into
a horizontal position it is caught by the wiper 59 on the main shaft 12,
and raised still higher as indicated by the dotted line. On the axis of
the bent lever 58 (Fig. F.) is mounted loosely another lever 60, which
When the bent
has a horizontal position when not in movement.
lever 58 is raised to a horizontal position by the pattern 49 and then
moved farther up by the wiper 59 a projection on the lever 60 is caught
by the bent lever 59, whereby the lever 60 is caused to move downwards
as indicated by the dotted line. This lever 60 being connected by the
strap 61 with the shaft 62 causes that shaft to rock, whereby an arm 63
on the shaft 62 is caused to make a quick stroke and the shuttle is jerked
out of the box. By this arrangement it is possible to jerk the shuttle
from the same side as often as desired and simlarly on the other side of
the loom by the action of the pattern 48 on the levers 50 and 64, the

page_text: bent lever 65 and the second shaft as mentioned above; it is therefore
possible by the patterns 48 and 49 to effect the strokes of the shuttle in
any order or number from either side.
On each of the shafts 52 and 53 (Fig I.) there is besides the arms 57
and 64, which serve to move the shuttle, another arm 67 on the
shaft 52, and 66 on the shaft 53. These arms act on instruments called
shoot raffers. In Fig. H. is shewn the right side of the beam shaft with
its raffer gear and how it is actuated. It consists of a needle 68 with a
spiral spring 69 compressed between a guide piece 70 and a slide 71.
The slide 71 moves in a bent groove 73 when drawn by a wire 72,
whereby the shoot raffer, at first inclined as shewn, is made to retire in
a horizontal attitude. This retreat is effected by the lever 74, which
turns on a pivot 75 on the side of the beam. When the side of the
beam moves with the beam from left to right the upper arm of the
lever 74 knocks against the pin 76, and is caused to oscillate to the
position indicated by the dotted line 77. By this movement the pin 78
is brought behind the catch of the lever 79, which lever is pressed down
by a spring 80, and the shoot raffer 68 is also drawn back by the wire 72
and remains there held by the catch of the lever 79 till the working
pattern 48 lifting the arm 50 and rocking the shaft 52 raises the arm 67,
which is connected to the catch lever 79 by a cord. The lever 79 being
thus raised the catch pin 78 is disengaged and the shoot raffer 68 is
caused to return to its original position by the pressure of the spring 69.
The arm 67 being on the shaft 52, on which is also the beater lever 64,
when the latter acts on the shuttle on the one side the former acts on
the other side, whereby the shoot raffer 68 is released, and all threads
from the passive shuttles are cleared away, so that only the newly
arrived weft is kept or felt by the weft guard. In order that the pin 76
may pass over the lever 74 when the side of the beam makes its back
stroke the pin is mounted on an arm 81 pivotted at 82 which rises over
the lever 74 in its back stroke. By the working pattern 49 a similar
action is produced on the other side of the beam whereby every new
thread from either side is guarded. In all cases however the shoot
raffer 68 on the one side of the beam has to act, and this effected by a
pin 84 on the cam 83 raising the lever 79 as the cam revolves.
The beam consists of a rectangular frame caused to reciprocate
borizontally by twn came 82 valving in

page_text: In Fig. S. the beam sides 86 and 87 are fastened to the bar 88 behind
and to the beam 89 in front, and also to the beam cover 90. The blade
beam 91 is an isolated part of the frame, of which a front and two end
views are shewn in Figure P. It carries the blade 92 and is pivotted at
the sides at 93. On these pivots are protecting shields 94 and 95 in case
the shuttle should remain in the warp, in which case these and the blade
beam 91 retire, whereby the levers 96 and 98, or one or the other of
them, are pressed down, and the regulating shaft 97 is caused to rock.
The regulating shaft 97 (shown in Fig. R.) has in the middle two
hooks 99, which during the forward stroke of the beam come in contact
with the pressure arms 100, whereby the one arm of the hook is depressed
so that the other arm hooks on the blade beam and prevents its return
when the threads are brought in. The hooks 99 are kept in horizontal
position (as shewn in Fig. Q.) by two springs 101 and 102, embracing a
square on the shaft 97. When irregularities cause the hooks to turn
they can pass under the pressure arms 100, but on the return stroke of
the beam they are brought each to the horizontal position by the action
of the spring 101 or 102.
In Fig. O. is shewn the blade beam 91 with the beam 89, and the
dotted line indicates the path during the return stroke by which the
lever 96 is depressed. In Fig. P. is also shown by the dotted line how
the lever 98 is depressed during the return stroke of the protecting
shields 95. When the bent arms of the levers 96 and 98 in Fig. P.,
are depressed the straight arms rise and come in contact with
the stopping mechanism as follows:- When an irregularity occurs the
straight arm of the lever 96 (Fig. V.) rises and touches the pin 103 on
the arm 104, whereby the stopping shaft 105 is turned a little and
moves the stop lever 106 (Figs. W. and X.) which by means of the
stop rod 107 and the belt fork 108 stops the machine.
In order to stop the machine in a peculiar way when the thread
is wanting the upright arms 104 on the shaft 105 (Fig. W.) are made
to carry the thread guard 109. This thread guard consists of a
horizontal wire spindle 109 which turns on pivots at either end, and
has upright arms 110 on which are small balls fixed with screws.
In each of these balls there is a wire with two feelers 111 (Fig. U.)
which touch the thread from the shuttle. When the beam is pushed

page_text: on its guiding rods the feelers 111, and at the same times the arms 110
are moved back (as shown in Fig. U.).
On the spindle 109 there is a bent arm 112 that catches in the
adjusting slit of a lever 113, the front of which is raised so that the
pin 114 on the guard 115 can pass under the lever 113 without affecting
the stop motion. If no thread comes from the shuttle the feeler 111
is not moved and the parts 112 and 113, connected with it remain,
while the guard slide 115 moves on in the position shewn in the lower
Fig. U., so that the pin 114 catches the lever 113, the stopping shaft
105 is caused to rock, and by means of the lever 106 the belt fork
108 (Fig. W.) is moved into the dotted position. At each turn of the
beam cam 83 (Fig. T.) the guard slide 115 is pushed by the pin 116
acting on its inclined face, whereby the guard slide 115 is moved to
the right, therefore at each turn of the main shaft, and after the shuttle
is struck, the thread guard apparatus is thus brought in action, and
the loom is at once stopped if there is a fault in the weft.
By the peculiar tension arrangement shown in Figs. Y. and Z., each
warp beam can be regulated as desired. The warp beams 117 are
mounted in bearings, vertically over each other, and are prevented
from turning by pawls 118 engaging in the teeth of ratchet wheels
119 on each beam. The warp threads are led from the beam under
a horizontal tension shaft 120 loaded with weights 121 to give the
desired tension. The tension shafts 120 are held in guides 122 formed
in tails projecting down from the pawls 118. The warps being passed
over the oscillating shafts 123, draw up the tension shafts 120 till they
come against the thumbscrews of the guides 122. When they are
drawn farther up the points 118 are raised from the teeth of the wheels
119, and the warps can then be a little unwound. When the warps
are thus unwound the tension shafts again descend, and the pawls 118
again engage with the wheels 119. Although each warp beam has
only one ratchet wheel 119, there are at both ends levers 118 fixed on
to one shaft 124, so that the tension shaft 120 is guided at both ends
and prevented from oscillating.
The construction of the revolving shuttle boxes is peculiar, not being
mounted on the beam but fastened to the side frame of the loom quite
independent of it. The revolving box with its twelve shuttle.com-
partments is carried by the horizontal shaft 125 (Fig. M.), which is

page_text: mounted in bearings on the arm 126 (Fig. K.), and has at its back
end a cog wheel 127 and a star wheel 128, with twelve points. The
cog wheel 127 is geared to another wheel of the same size 129 (Figs.
K. and N.) which is fixed on a horizontal shaft 130 (Fig L.). This
shaft has at the opposite end a regulating wheel 45, with 12 pins (Figs.
M. and O.), such as has already been described with reference to Figs.
D. and E. Thus when the regulating wheel 45 is turned one or two
twelfths of a revolution by the working patterns of the jacquard
apparatus, as described above, the revolving box is moved round one
or two compartments.
The star wheel 128 (Fig. N.) is prevented from turning too far by the
presser 131, and thus the revolving box cannot move a compartment
too much by a sudden action. The presser 131 is pressed against the
wheel 128 by the spring 132, the regulating hooks being mounted
on the side of the beam in order that the beam may not be impeded
in its motion by the resistance of the revolving box, there is for each
box outside the loom frame on the main shaft 12 (Figs. K. and M.), a
cam 133 on which bears a roller 134 mounted on an arm 135. This
arm 135 is fixed on a horizontal shaft 136 (Figs. L. and M.) beneath
the revolving box, and a second shorter arm 137 is fixed at the opposite
end of the shaft (Figs. K. and N.). This latter arm 137 catches behind
a pin 138, so that by the rotation of the cam 133 the spring 132 is
compressed, relieving the star wheel of the revolving box from the
pressure, and thus it requires only small force to turn it; and its
movement is rendered more exact with less wear and tear to the
apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Friedrich Hermann Wilke in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRIEDRICH 30
HERMANN WILKE, of Chemnitz, in the Kingdom of Saxony, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the year of

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-sixth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Friedrich Hermann Wilke, Her special license
that I, the said Friedrich Hermann Wilke, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Friedrich Hermann Wilke, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
POWER LOOMS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Friedrich
Hermann Wilke, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Friedrich Hermann Wilke, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say :-
My improvements in power looms are shewn on the accompanying
Drawings, in which Figs. 1 and 2, on Sheet I., show respectively back
and front perspective views, and Figs. 3 and 4, on Sheet I., show
respectively end and front perspective views of the complete loom with
my improvements applied thereto, while the Figures marked A. to Z. on
Sheets II. and III., shew detached views of the several parts of the loom
to which my improvements have reference, and which I will now
proceed to describe.
Of novel construction is the lead or weight grid marked 1, 2, on
Figs. A and B. This consists of any desired number of parallel iron
bars 1 (eight of which are shewn on the Drawing), fixed at the ends to
transverse bars 2. The motion of the grid is effected by the jacquard
machine by means of the following mechanism which is also of novel
construction; rods 3, attached to the grid, pass through the harness board

page_text: 4, and are connected at their upper ends to the levers 5, which are
pivotted at 6 to the framing and are actuated by the belt 7 attached
near the middle thereof, and to the half wheel 8 on the rocking shaft 9,
by which means the grid 1 receives an up-and-down motion.
Of novel construction are the harness weights 13, Figs. A. and B.
These consist of round or flattened wires formed into oblong rings in
which the bars of the grid move up and down. The object of this
improved form of the weights is to obtain pure textures by means of the
jacquard machine and harness as with the ordinary shafts, as if by the
breaking of a warp thread the contiguous healds catch and the weights
attached thereto are prevented from falling; they are drawn down by the
grid and thus a clear shed is obtained. The weights 13 are held by the
usual healds 14 which are attached to the neck twines 15 of the lifting
wires 16. As the grid 1 rises at each motion of the jacquard machine,
as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. B., the weights 13 can rise freely,
but if any of them should be prevented from falling again they are
drawn down by the descent of the grid.
The jacquard apparatus is of improved construction in having three
wire boards and three sets of lifting wires in combination with a griff
frame with peculiar mechanism for actuating the same.
In Figs. A. and C., are shewn the two fixed wire boards, that at the left
hand being marked 17, and that at the right hand 18, for the working
wires which effect the irregular motions of the loom. These working
wires are strongly made, and in operating they only move upwards from
the fixed wire boards. Between these two boards is a third wire board
19, which rises and falls in an inclined position and carries the pattern
wires of which there may be 400, 600, or 800, and which partake of the
same motion as the wire board. The griff frame 24 and wire board 19
receive their peculiar reciprocating motions in opposite directions from
the rods 25 and 21 by which they are respectively connected to arms of
a lever 20 fixed on the rocking shaft 9, which is worked by a connecting
rod 10 from an eccentric 11 on the main shaft 12. These motions are
indicated by the dotted lines 27 and 23 in Fig. D., the griff frame 24
being made to rise while the wire board 19 descends and vice versâ.
The bearings 26 and 22 in which they are repectively mounted are made
to slide in slots so that the griff frame and wire board may have the
vertical movement of the wires, and the true vertical movement of the

page_text: frame and board is determined by guides working in vertical slots in
the framing; this combination for giving vertical reciprocating move-
ment to the griff frame and wire board in opposite directions is novel.
+
The cylinder frame 32 receives its reciprocating movement from an
eccentric on the main shaft 12. To this frame is hinged the card
platform 31, on which are mounted the three card rollers 28, over which
the pattern cards pass to the cylinder; the platform 31 is supported by
the vibrating strut 30, from the card bearers 29, on which the cards rest.
By this novel arrangement of hinging and supporting the card platform
it is caused to move with the cylinder frame, whereby the movement of
the cards is rendered free from shocks.
A farther novelty is the arrangement which will now be described of
the working wires on either side of the jacquard frame connected to the
regulating hooks for actuating the shuttle boxes. The four wires
passing through the board 17, on the left hand side, are connected by.
strong cords to the four books 33, 34, 35, and 36 (Fig. E.), and the four
passing through 18, on the right hand side, are similarly connected to.
the hooks 37, 38, 39, and 40. The hooks are mounted on pivots 41 and
42, on the sides of the lathe, which are of peculiar construction, as shewn
in Fig. D.; they are arranged in pairs on each side of tail pieces 44,
projecting from the lathe sides, and each pair is pressed apart by a spiral
spring 43. The new and peculiar action of each pair may be understood
from a description referring to the pair marked 39 and 40, in Fig. D.
It will be seen that the lower hook 40 is directly attached to one of the
wire cords, while the upper hook 39 is connected to one arm of a lever
47, the other arm of which is attached to another of the wire cords.
Between the two hooks is a wheel 45, having twelve pins, this wheel being
fixed on a shaft 46, which for each change of shuttle imparts motion
by gearing to a shuttle box having twelve compartments. When the
lower hook 40 is raised by the ascent of the griff frame, it is made to
engage with the pins on the wheel 45, and when the lathe makes its
stroke the wheel 45 is caused to turn in one direction through one-
twelfth of a revolution. When, on the other hand, the one arm of the
lever 47 is raised by the griff frame the upper hook 39 is engaged with
the pins on the wheel 45, and at the stroke of the lathe the wheel is
turned one-twelfth in the opposite direction. For turning the wheel
two-twelfths of a revolution, in either direction, the hooks 37 and 38 are
brought into action, these having deeper hooks so as to be longer

page_text: engaged with the pins on the wheel. This combination, by means of
which the horizontal stroke of the lathe is employed to turn the shuttle.
boxes one or two divisions in either direction, is novel and peculiar.
A novel construction is the arrangement, whereby a shuttle is thrown
any desired number of times, from either side of the loom, as determined
by working wires, one on either side, 48 and 49, Figs. F. and G. Each of
these wires is connected to an arm 50 and 51, of which 50 is fixed on a
rocking shaft 52, and 51 is fixed on a rocking shaft 53; these shafts are
mounted in bearings 54, 55, and 56, on the harness board 4.
In order to understand the action I will describe that effected by the
wire 49-When it is raised by the griff frame it raises the arm 51, and
partly turns the shaft 53, and raises an arm 57, projecting from that
shaft. This arm is connected by a slotted rod to a bell-crank lever 58,
so that the rising of the arm 57 lifts the arm of 58 to nearly a horizontal
position. In this position it is caught by a wiper 59 on the main shaft
12, which raises it suddenly to the position indicated by the dotted line
(Fig. F.). A second lever 60, hinged to a band 61, turns on the pivot of
the lever 58, generally lying in a horizontal position; but when the
lever 58 is suddenly raised, as above described, an arm on it strikes a
projection on the lever 60, and causes, that lever to descend to the
position indicated by the dotted line (Fig. F.). The band 61 passes over
a pulley on a rocking shaft 62, on which shaft is fixed an arm 63; when
the band 61 is drawn down by the descent of the lever 60, the shaft 62
being thereby partly turned causes the arm 63 to make a rapid stroke,
whereby the shuttle is thrown. A similar action is produced on the other
side of the loom by the wire 48 and the parts connected therewith, which
correspond with those described above in reference to the wire 49. It
will thus be seen that as the throwing of a shuttle from either side of the
loom is determined by the descent of one or other of the wires 48 or 49
wefts may be sent from either side any desired number of times in
succession.
Furthermore there is a novel mechanism for clearing the weft threads
of the inactive shuttles out of the way of a shuttle arriving from the
other side of the loom, which will be understood on reference to Figs. H.
and I. The rocking shafts 52 and 53, besides carrying the arms 57 and
64, already referred to, have each another arm 67 on the shaft 52, and
66 on the shaft 53.

page_text: On referring to Fig. H. it will be seen that the arm 67 is connected by
a cord to a lever 79 pressed down by a bow spring 80. A lever 74
mounted on the side of the lathe has one end connected by a cord 72
with a boss 71, which is fitted to slide in a bent slot 73, and which is
pressed forwards by a spiral spring 69. The upper end of the lever 74,
when it is in the position shewn in Fig. H., bears against a pin 76 on a
lever 81, which is mounted on a pivot 82. The lever 74 has on it a
pin 78, which at the back stroke of the lathe is brought behind a hook
on the lever 79. The pin 78, being held by this hook at the forward
stroke of the lathe, the lever 74 is caused to take the position indicated
by the dotted line 77, whereby its upper end is brought below and clear
of the pin 76, and its lower end is made to draw back the boss 71, and a
weft clearing needle 68 attached thereto in opposition to the spring 69.
In its back movement the boss 71 is guided along the bent slot 73, so
that the clearing needle 68 when retracted is in the horizontal position
indicated by the dotted line, its back end passing through a guide
hole 70. The lever 79 being now lifted by the action of the wire 48
transmitted through the rocking shaft 52, as above described, the pin 78
is freed from the hook on the lever 79, and the clearing needle 68
is shot forward and upwards by the action of the spring 69, driving the
boss 71 along the bent slot 73. As the arm 67, which operates the
clearing needle 68 on the one side of the loom, is worked by the wire 48
on the other side of the loom, it will be seen that the weft threads on
the one side are cleared away for the arrival of a shuttle from the other
side and a similar result is obtained from the action of the wire 49 on the
other side of the loom. By this means the self-acting stop apparatus is
affected only by the weft thread last shot through the warp, the other
weft threads being removed out of its range. As while the one clearing
needle, such as 68, is actuated on the one side by the wire it is necessary
to actuate that on the other side for the purpose of clearing the weft
threads there; this is effected by a pin 84 on the lathe cam 83, which
at each revolution raises the lever 79, and thereby releases the clearing

page_text: with the shuttle boxes, which remain fixed in position while the lathe
makes a backwards and forwards stroke for every shoot. The sides of
the lathe are caused to reciprocate horizontally on guide rods 85 (Fig. F.)
by the cams or heart wheels 83, which rotate in slots in both sides of
the lathe. These sides 86 and 87 (see Fig. S.) are connected together by
a tie rod 88, and attached to the lathe bar 89, being also connected
above by a cover bar 90, so as to form a rectangular frame. The reed
frame 91, which (see Fig. P.) is quite separate from the main frame, and
which holds the reed 92, is hung on two spindles 93 mounted in the
main frame of the lathe. On these spindles are fixed two shields 94 and
95, one on each side, which, in case the shuttle should stick in the shed,
retreat with the reed frame and press down either one or both of two
levers 96 and 98 fixed on the regulating shaft 97, and cause the said
shaft to turn in a manner different from that usually adopted.
The construction and arrangement of the regulating shaft 97 shewn
in Fig. R. are also novel. It is mounted under the lathe bar 89 in
bearings in the lathe sides, and has near its middle two hook levers 99,
which at the extreme forward stroke of the lathe come under latches 100
fixed to the breast beam, whereby the one end of each of the levers 99
being depressed the other ends are raised, and the hooks upon them
catch the reed frame 91 and prevent it from retreating during the beating
up of the weft.
On each side of one of the levers 99 is fixed a spring
101 and 102, Fig. Q., which keep these levers in a horizontal position,
but permit them to turn a little so that their ends can come over or
under the latches 100. This spring arrangement is a novel feature.
There is a farther novelty in the construction and arrangement of the
levers of the reed frame and safety shields, as also in that of the stopping
shaft, whereby the loom is stopped in a peculiar manner. In Fig. O. the
reed frame 91 is shewn lying close against the lathe beam 89, and the
dotted lines shew how by the relatively backward movement of the reed
frame the lever 96 is depressed. It will be seen also on referring to the
dotted lines in the end view of Fig. P. how the relatively backward
movement of the shields 94 and 95 depresses the levers 98. When the
bent ends of the levers 96 or 98 are thus depressed their straight arms
are raised. On referring to the upper Fig. V., in which the lever 96 is 3
shewn in its ordinary position, it will be seen that its straight arm is
clear of a pin 103 on an arm 104 fixed to the stopping shaft 105. In
the lower Fig. V., the lever 96 being depressed as above described, has

page_text: its straight arm brought to face the said pin 103, whereby when the
lathe makes its forward stroke the stopping shaft 105 is caused to turn
partly round. An arm 106 (see (Figs. W. and X.) on this shaft bears
against the spring lever 107, which carries the band fork 108, so that
when the shaft 105 is turned this arm disengages the spring lever, which
springs to one side, and thereby moves the band to the loose pulley, and
so causes the loom to stop.
The construction and action of the weft guards are also novel. These
are both fixed on one shaft and in combination with the weft clearing
needles above described can perform their functions either alternately or
each separately in succession. There is also a novel combination with
the weft guards of guard slides, the action of which will be understood
by reference to Figs. T., U., and W. On the arms 104 of the stopping
shaft 105 is mounted the spindle 109 of the weft guards, from which
spindle project two upright arms having balls and set screws 110 at top.
From each of those balls project two forked arms or feelers 111, the
forks of which bear against the weft thread when the lathe on which the
apparatus is mounted recedes, so that they are pressed back by the
thread, and the spindle 109 is partly turned as indicated in the upper
Fig. U. At the same time a bent arm 112 fixed on the spindle 109, and
catching in a slotted hole in a lever 113 mounted on the arm 104 cants
that lever so as to raise its end clear of a pin 114 on the guard slide 115,
the sloping face of which is presented towards the heart wheel or cam 83
(see Fig. T.). If however the weft thread should be broken so that there
is no pressure on the fork 111 the parts take the attitude shewn in the
lower Fig. U., in which case the end of the lever 113 faces the pin 114.
A pin 116 on the heart wheel or cam 83 being brought by the rotation
of the latter across the sloping face of the slide bar 115 pushes that bar
forwards, and its pin 114 butting against the lever 113 pushes it forwards,
and thereby partly turns the stop shaft 105, which effects the stopping
of, the loom as already described. The guard slides 115 are provided
with springs which cause them to return within range of the pin 116,
and thus at every stroke of the lathe or every revolution of the main
shaft 12 means are provided for stopping the loom in case of a weft
thread breaking.

page_text: tension. These arrangements are shewn in Fig. Y. and Z. The warp
beams 117 are arranged one above the other, and are each provided with
a ratchet wheel 119 at one end. With the teeth of. those wheels engage
pawls 118, which prevent the warp from unwinding. In slots in the
tails of these pawls are mounted spindles 120, loaded at each end with
weights 121 suited to the required tension of the warp.
The warp
threads from the beams are passed round under these tension spindles
and carried over the guide rollers 123. When any of the warps is drawn
by the action of the loom it lifts the tension spindle round which it
passes in its slots until it bears against adjusting screws therein. When
it is farther lifted the pawl is raised out of gear with the ratchet wheel
119, and the beam is allowed to turn so as to give off warp until by the
descent of the spindle and pawl when enough has been given off the
beam is again stopped. The pawl arm 118 is fixed on a shaft 124, on
the other end of which is fixed a corresponding arm carrying the other
end of the tension spindle. This arrangement has the advantage that
the tension of each warp can be regulated as desired.
There is a farther novelty in the revolving shuttle boxes which are
mounted in bearings on the loom frame, and have no direct connection
with the lathe, so that they do not partake of its movements. Referring
to Figs. K., L., M., and N., it will be seen that the revolving shuttle box
is mounted on a spindle 125, carried by projecting arms 126, and has on
its back end a toothed wheel 127, with a star wheel 128 of 12 divisions.
The wheel 127 gears with an equal wheel 129 fixed on the horizontal
spindle 130, which carries the regulating wheel 45 with its 12 teeth
worked by regulating hooks as already described in reference to Figs. D.
and E., so that when the latter wheel is moved one or two divisions in
either direction by the action of the working wires, the revolving shuttle
box being geared therewith is likewise turned through one or two
divisions. The star wheel 128 is acted on by a spring presser 131 so as
to prevent it from being moved beyond its proper division by the sudden
action of the hooks and gearing. This presser is pushed against the star
wheel by a spring 132, on which bears the end of a lever 137, the other
end of which has a roller 134 bearing against a cam 133 on the main
shaft. Thus at the proper time in every revolution of the main shaft
the cam acting on the lever 137 eases back the spring 132 and permits
the star wheel to be turned with ease the one or two divisions required
without imposing on the lathe the duty of turning it under the full

page_text: pressure of the spring, but during that part of the revolution of the
main shaft when the cam is not acting on the lever 137 the spring 132
is permitted to bear upwards the presser 131 which holds the shuttle box
steady, as above described.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I
make no claim to the jacquard looms generally, nor do I claim all the
details in the construction of such looms, some of which have herein-
before been referred to merely for the purpose of rendering intelligible
the nature and operation of those features which I consider novel and
which are embodied in the following claims, that is to say, I claim in
respect of jacquard looms,-
First. The use of a grid for operating on the leads substantially as
described in reference to 1 and 2, Figs. A. and B., Sheet II.
Second. The method of working the said grid by its connections with
the reciprocating parts of the jacquard apparatus, substantially as
described in reference to Figs. A. and B., Sheet II.
Third. The use of the looped leads 13 (Figs. A. and B., Sheet II.) in
connection with a grid such as is above referred to.
Fourth. The use of two sets of wires with fixed boards 17 and 18
(Fig. A., Sheet II.) in the jacquard apparatus in addition to the set
usually employed for working the pattern, such additional sets being
employed to govern movements of the loom, substantially as herein
described.
Fifth. The mode of working and guiding the griff frame 24 and
middle wire board 19, so that they reciprocate vertically in opposite
directions, substantially as described in reference to Figs. A. and B.,
Sheet II.
Sixth. The use of a platform 31 for the card rollers hinged to the
cylinder frame 32, whereby the card delivery is effected without shocks,.
substantially as described with reference to Fig. B., Sheet II.
Seventh. The use of regulating hooks 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, and
40, for working the shuttle boxes, and the connection of the said hooks

page_text: to Jacquard wires, substantially as described in reference to figs. D. and E.,
Sheet II.
Eighth. The working of the shuttle boxes by the horizontal recipro-
cation of the lathe acting in combination with regulating hooks such as
are referred to above.
Ninth. The use of apparatus whereby the throwing of shuttles from
either side of the loom is determined by jacquard wires, substantially as
described in reference to Figs. F. and G., Sheet II.
Tenth. The use of the needles 68 for clearing weft threads from the
feelers, the working of such needles being governed by jacquard wires,
substantially as described in reference to Figs. H. and I., Sheet II.
Eleventh. The construction of the lathe in two frames, the frame
which carries the reed being hung on pivots from the main frame of the
lathe, and having side shields connected to it, substantially as described
in reference to Figs. P., Q., R., and S., Sheet III.
Twelfth. The arrangement of the lathe and the shuttle boxes so that
they have no direct connection with each other, and thus the shuttle
boxes do not reciprocate with the lathe, substantially as herein described.
Thirteenth. The use of the mechanism whereby in case of a shuttle
sticking the reed frame of the lathe or either of its shields is made to
actuate the apparatus for stopping the loom, such mechanism consisting
of a regulating shaft 97 with its levers and springs operating in com-
bination with the stopping gear, substantially as described in reference
to Figs. O., P., Q., R., S., and V., Sheet III.
Fourteenth. The use of stopping gear consisting of feelers operating
in combination with guard slides upon the stop shaft constructed and
arranged substantially as described in reference to Figs. T., U., and W.,
Sheet III.
Fifteenth. The use of tension apparatus for the warps, substantially as
described in reference to Figs. Y. and Z., Sheet III.
Sixteenth. The mode of working, holding, and releasing the revolving
shuttle boxes, substantially as described in reference to Figs. K., L., M.,
and N., Sheet III.

page_text: Seventeenth. The combination in one loom of the constructive details
which form the subjects of the preceding claims with the ordinary
mechanism, substantially as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet I.
In witness whereof, I, the said Friedrich Hermann Wilke, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN WILKE. (L.S.)