IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING THE INTERIORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, STEAM VESSELS, AND OTHER MOVING OR TRAVELLING STRUCTURES.”
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Tice, of Worsley, in the County of
Lancaster, Gas Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING THE INTERIORS OF RAILWAY
CARRIAGES, STEAM VESSELS, AND OTHER MOVING OR TRAVELLING STRUCTURES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Tice at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th October 1874.
I, WILLIAM TICE, of Worsley, in the County of Lancaster, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING THE INTERIORS
OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, STEAM VESSELS, AND OTHER MOVING OR TRAVELLING
STRUCTURES," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to warm the interiors of railway
carriages, steam vessels, and other moving or travelling structures, by
means of air in sucli manner that the air supplied thereto may be free

page_text: from deleterious gases or other prejudicial matters, and may be pure and
at a proper temperature for respiration. For this purpose according to
my Invention I fit pipes or other conduits or vessels in such manner
that they shall pass through or be within water or steam, or both con-
tained, in a boiler, steam generator, or other receptacle, and I cause
these pipes, conduits, or vessels to communicate at one end by bell
mouthes or other contrivances or means with the atmospheric air so
that the air passes or rushes therein. The air is heated or warmed by
the hot water or steam in the pipes, conduits, or vessels, and is conveyed
thence through suitable tubes or passages into the interior of the
carriages, ships, or other structures to be warmed. These tubes or
passages are if necessary connected by couplings or joints, and provided
with valves, cocks, or such like regulating or controlling contrivances.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Tice in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 26th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
TICE, of Worsley, in the County of Lancaster, Gas Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Tice, Her special licence
that I, the said William Tice, my exccutors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Tice, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING THE INTERIORS OF RAILWAY
CARRIAGES, STEAM VESSELS, AND OTHER MOVING OR TRAVELLING STRUctures,”
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Tice,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under

page_text: my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six} calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Tice, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to tho
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is to warm the interiors of railway
carriages, steam vessels, and other moving or travelling structures, by
means of air in such manner that the air supplied thereto for this
purpose may be free from deleterious gases or other prejudicial matters,
and may be in a proper condition and at a proper temperature for
respiration. For this purpose according to my Invention I fit or arrange
pipes or other conduits, channels, or vessels in such manner that they
pass through or are within water or steam, or both contained, in a boiler
or steam generator, or other suitable receptacle in which heat is applied
or maintained, such boiler, generator, or receptacle being of course in or
connected with the carriage, ship, or travelling structure. I cause these
pipes, conduits, or vessels to communicate at one end by bell mouths,
funnels, or other contrivances or means with the atmospheric air, so
that air is introduced or caused to pass or rush therein by means of the
motion or travel of the carriage, ship, or other structure to which the
Invention is applied, or mechanical or other means for obtaining such
introduction, entry, or rush of air may be used when the carriage, ship,
or other travelling structure is temporarily not in motion or progress.
The air is thus heated or warmed by the hot water or steam in the
pipes, conduits, or vessels, and it is conveyed thence through suitable
tubes, openings, or passages, into the interior of the carriages, ships, or
other structures to be warmed. These tubes or passages are if necessary.
connected together by couplings or joints, and are provided with valves,
cocks, or such like regulating or controlling contrivances.
I now proceed with reference to the accompanying Drawings to
70
11
T
"
Hanin

page_text: Figure 1 is a side clevation, partly in section, of a portion of a train to
which the apparatus is applied. The carriage Z is shewn in vertical
longitudinal section.
Figure 2 is a plan, and Figure 3 a longitudinal vertical section of the
warm air box D. L is the locomotive.
the
A is a pipe or tube held and carried by suitable supports at t
required parts. This tube terminates at the outer end with a bell
mouth a through which atmospheric air enters the tube. The air is
caused to pass therein by the motion of the train in progress. The
tube A passes through the boiler or generator L* of the locomotive L.
It may be carried through the body or through the tubes of the
locomotive, and either through the water and steam contained therein or
through the hot aeriform or volatile products of combustion therein.
The other or opposite end of the tube A is connected by elastic joints or
other proper couplings C with other tubes or pipes B. There is one such
pipe B to every carriage of the train, whereby a passage or thoroughfare
is made for the air passing through the tube A to the carriages making
up the train.
> is a vertical branch pipe leading upward from the pipe B and com-
municating with the hot air box D, the top of which is formed with a
number of openings or perforated portions a alternating with non-
perforated or solid portions d*. Over this box is a plate E also formed
with alternated openings or perforated portions e and non-perforated or
solid portions e*. This plate slides in guide ways or grooves on the top
or upper part of the box D. y is a handle or knob fixed to the plate E.
By shifting the plate or slide E in the required direction by means of
this handle or knob y, the perforations or openings in the top of
the box D are uncovered or disclosed to admit the heated air when
required, and they are covered or unclosed in order to exclude it when
required.
It is obvious that other ordinary contrivances for admitting and
intercepting the entry of warm air from the box D through the
perforations or openings therein may be employed. Regulators known
as self-acting spring valves or other valves may be used to control the
entry of air. Of course a branch pipe band an air box D with its
opening and closing contrivances are fitted to each compartment of
every carriage in the train,

page_text: g is a wing valve or cock fitted in the pipe A in any convenient
position, and disposed so as to be at the control of the engine driver, to.
enable the heated air entering through the pipe A to be cut off when
the train is passing through tunnels in order to prevent the entry of the
foul air into the carriages.
7 is a pipe concentric with and surrounding the portion of the pipe A.
which passes through the smoke box to prevent the pipe A from being
unduly attacked by the heat. The pipe A may be opened to the
atmospheric air through the smoke box or through the dome or other
convenient part of the boiler or generator.
Sometimes the pipe A is carried through a chamber fitted in the smoke
box or other convenient part in which the necessary heat is obtainable,
and it is formed (where it passes therein) as a coiled pipe or serpentine,
wherein is a current of heated water or steam.
At or near the end of each pipe B, or cach section of the series of
pipes, I fit a plug valve, cap, or other suitable and casily removeable
stopper. By this arrangement any one carriage of the train may be:
placed at the tail of the train.
My Invention is applicable to ships in obviously similar manner, the
air being caused to enter into the conveying or conducting pipes (through
bell mouthed or funnel openings) by the progress of the ship in motion.
The air is heated by being passed through the marine boiler or generator,
or any boiler or like heater on board in a manner similar to that described
in reference to the locomotive engine boiler, and it is conveyed through
pipes with joints or couplings where required to the saloons, cabins,
and other chambers or parts of the vessel.
If there be insufficient motion of the ship or of other structure to which
the Invention is applied to induce or promote the introduction of the
air, or if there be temporarily no motion thereof, a fan or other ordinary
air feeding contrivance or apparatus may be used for inducing or
obtaining the required current of air to be warmed or heated for the
purposes of my Invention. Such fan or contrivance is worked by the
motive steam engine or other convenient means.
It will be observed that in apparatus constructed, disposed, and
applied according to my Invention, the air intended to be used for
heating or warming purposes is not passed through a fire or furnace.

page_text: Thus it is not vitiated, decomposed, nor rendered impure by the
carbonated or other deleterious products thereof. Its passage through
the water or steam in the generator or boiler protects it from such
prejudicial influences.
The air drawn in by the train, ship, or structure in motion may be
carried in suitable conduits through a chamber jacket or casing fitted
outside the boiler, generator, or receptacle in which heat is applied or
maintained so as to receive heat therefrom, such heated air being
conveyed to the carriages or places to be warmed. Or hot air passages
or chambers may surround the air chamber to obtain the necessary
heat.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First. The application, employment, and construction of apparatus in
which air is introduced into railway carriages, steam vessels, and other
moving or travelling structure, and passed through boilers, generators,
or other heaters or receptacles, substantially in the manner and for the
purpose described.
Second. The general arrangement and combination of parts con-
stituting the apparatus, constructed substantially as hercin-before 2
described and exemplified in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Tice, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
WILLIAM WHITTLE,
Worsley,
Nr. Manchester.
W. TICE. (L.S.)