matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Freeman Firth, of Clifton Mills, near Brighouse,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Freeman Firth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1876.
THOMAS FREEMAN FIRTH, of Clifton Mills, near Brighouse.
THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention consists in the production of a carpet having a woven back and a
felted face, whereby I am enabled to combine in a carpet the firmness obtained by
weaving with the advantages of felting.
The carpet may be composed of jute, flax, cotton wool, or other fibre alone, or of
any or all of such materials employed in combination. I felt the fabric in course
of formation upon the face side only to the thickness of material required, after
which it may be finished by the usual or well known means so as to prepare it for
printing on the face side.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Thomas Freeman Firth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th January
1877.
THOMAS FREEMAN FIRTH, of Clifton Mills, near Brighouse.
THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My said Invention consists in the production, in the manner herein-after
described, of a carpet having a woven back and a felted face, whereby I am enabled
to combine in a carpet the firmness obtained by weaving with the advantages of
felting.
In carrying out my Invention I weave a fabric suitable for felting composed of
a warp of jute, cotton, flax, hemp, or other suitable material, and a weft of wool,
either alone or in combination with any one or more of the before-mentioned
[Price 2.1

page_text: materials, such fabric being woven with a face side, that is to say, in such a manner
that the larger portion of the weft floats upon the surface. I then raise by the
ordinary or other suitable processes a pile of wool on the face of the fabric so pro-
duced, on which pile I felt a quantity of wool to the thickness required, which is
thereby fastened to the weft of the woven fabric, after which I finish the carpet by
the usual or well known means so as to prepare it for printing upon the face side.
A strip of wool may be turned up at the sides and felted so as to render the
selvedges firmer and more secure.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I
would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is, the production of a carpet having a woven back and a
felted face, substantially in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Thomas Freeman Firth, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this First day of January, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
THO. F. FIRTH. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNITURE CASTERS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1876. A communica-
tion from abroad by Frédéric Holthausen and Antoine Kintzinger, both of Paris,
France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Patent Agent. IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNITURE CASTERS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO
ROLLER SKATES."
st
This Invention relates to improvements in casters for chairs, couches, tables, and
other articles of furniture to be used as a substitute for the ordinary wheel casters,
and also applicable to roller skates. The improved caster consists of a ball of metal
or other hard material partly enclosed in a socket fixed to the piece of furniture or
to the sole plate of a roller skate. The ball only touches the floor at one point, and
is made to bear against three small antifriction rollers disposed at equidistant
points around the inside of the socket, the ball being thus capable of turning freely
in every direction.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing shows an elevation of the improved caster
applied to a chair leg, and Figure 2 a central vertical section of same, while Figure 3
is an under side plan of the caster socket showing the antifriction rollers with which
it is provided. The same letters of reference apply to all three Figures.
a, leg of table or chair; b, socket fitting on the bottom end of same, and secured
by screws c; d, cars cast on the under side of the socket b, in which are mounted
antifriction bowls e; g, ball caster of metal or other hard material held in contact
with three antifriction bowls e by a hemispherical cap or cover provided with
a circular opening rather smaller diameter than the ball caster, and through which
the latter protrudes, as shown, when the capfis screwed upon the socket b.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPARK ARRESTERS FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER HIGH PRESSURE ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Clarke at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 11th April 1876. A communication from abroad
by David Ranny Proctor, of Gloucester, in the County of Essex, and State of
Massachusetts, in the United States of America, Engineer.
PETER CLARKE, of Elsternwick, Hedon, in the County of York. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPARK ARRESTERS FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER HIGH PRESSURE
ENGINES." A communication from abroad by David Ranny Proctor, of Gloucester,
in the County of Essex and State of Massachusetts, in the United States of America,
Engineer.
This Invention relates to improvements in spark arresters for locomotive and
other high pressure engines, and consists in providing a curved smoke chimney with
two screens at or near its upper end in combination with two return pipes or
conductors for the sparks and cinders. The mouth of the first return pipe is located
at the rear of the chimney, and a little below the first screen; this return pipe leads
to the furnace and serves to convey the larger sparks and cinders that are capable
of being utilized as fuel back again to the furnace to be there consumed. The second
return pipe is also located at the rear of the chimney, and enters the latter between
the first and second screens, and serves for the purpose of conveying the fine particles
of sparks and cinders that are incapable of being again used as fuel, and which have
passed through the first screen to the sand box (in the case of a locomotive), or any
other suitable receptacle, or to be delivered on the track as may be desired. The
first screen is made coarse so as to allow fine sparks and cinders to pass through it,
and to arrest and convey only the large ones to the furnace, whereas the second
screen is made so fine as to arrest nearly all the cinders that have escaped through
the first screen and to convey them to the sand box or other convenient receptacle.
The first screen being coarse covers the whole area of the chimney where it is
located, and this may be done without diminishing the draft very materially, but
the upper fine screen may if so desired be made to cover only a part of the chimney
at or near the place where the cinders would be likely to strike, whereas the
remainder of the area of the chipney may be left open and unobstructed so as
not to interfere with the draft. The gentle curves of the chimney and of the return
pipes for the cinders assist very materially in conducting the sparks and cinders to
the furnace and sand box or other required place without interfering with the draft,
and furthermore, the draft in the furnace creates as it were a partial vacuum in

page_text: the pipe leading from the chimney to the furnace by which the large cinders are
drawn as well as propelled to the furnace from the chimney.
A part of the exhaust steam that escapes through the chimney is conducted to
the furnace, and being there decomposed into its elementary gases increases the
combustion in the furnace.
PROVEMENTS IN STRAINING AND SIFTING APPARATUS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Goodwin Green at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1876.
THOMAS GOODWIN GREEN, of Church Gresley, in the County of Derby.
PROVEMENTS IN STRAINING AND SIFTING APPARATUS."
" IM-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of apparatus for straining slip or
clay in solution, and for sifting dry clay and other comminuted substances, the
object being to effect such operations in an efficient and economical manner.
The sieve, which is by preference made rectangular, is set above a shute which
leads down to a vessel provided to receive the sieved or strained slip. The sievo is
supported at one end by pressure springs, and at the other end by a bar which is
attached thereto and bears upon a guide plate or rest. The free end of this bar is
held against a ratchet shaped cam by the pressure of the springs which carry the
rear end of the sieve. When therefore rotary motion is imparted to the cam the
sieve will be gradually thrust back as each fresh tooth is presented to the bar, and
then suddenly propelled forward as each tooth clears the end of the bar. This
motion of the sieve will give the slip or other substance a tendency to move
towards the depressed end of the sieve, and thus any extraneous matters or coarser
particles contained therein will be discharged into a receptacle provided for the
purpose.
The ratchet cam may be driven by a crank handle attached to its shaft, or by
means of a band and pulleys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING GEAR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Niels Jochumson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th August 1876.
NIELS JOCHUMSON, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING GEAR."
This Invention mainly consists in having two eccentric spur wheels arranged so
as to increase the power at the wheel by degrees as the rudder is put over to the
extreme angles.
The chain or rope pulley is fixed to an eccentric spur wheel, and both of them
are loose on a shaft; the object of the arrangement being to save a third shaft, and
to make the whole as compact as possible.
The chain or rope is fixed in the ordinary way to a segment on the rudder head
or spindle, and the pulley and eccentric spur wheels make one half turn to put the
rudder from amidship to hard over.
A pinion mounted on the shaft carrying the steering wheel, which gears into a
spur wheel, is made to such proportions as required to obtain the necessary power
at the steering wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM AND APPLICATION OF AN INDEX TO THE BOOKS IN THE HOLY BIBLE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fletcher at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1876.
HENRY FLETCHER, of No. 99, Huskisson Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM AND APPLICATION OF AN INDEX TO
THE BOOKS IN THE HOLY BIBLE."
The object of my Invention is to facilitate the search and discovery of any
required book in the Bible. For this purpose I print or otherwise mark upon the
edges of the leaves of the Bible a list or or index of the various book therein, and the
In a line
list may be arranged alphabetically or in the order in which they occur.
with the name of each book I cause a mark to be made, and each mark is placed in
such a position and of such a size as to indicate the place situated situated and the
space occupied by each book in the Bible. Thus when the Bible is closed a table of
references or index is presented, and on selecting any book required the Bible'may
be readily opened at the place by the mark indicated.
The edges of the leaves before mentioned may be printed or marked by means of
type, or engraved plates, or stencil plates, or other convenient means, and the edges
may be printed or marked previous to or after the book is bound.
There are many thousands of Bibles of similar type, size, and thickness of paper,
and these may be all printed or inarked with one form on the edges as described;
but each different size or set of Bibles will of course require a different form for
printing or making the indexes.
AN IMPROVED SUSPENDER FOR TROWSERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan,
F.C.S., at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March
1876. A communication from abroad by Amand Castegnier, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
"
EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, F.C.S., of 67, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. AN IMPROVED SUSPENDER FOR TROWSERS."
A communication from abroad by Amand Castegnier, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
The object of this Invention is to provide an improved suspender, by means of
which trowsers may be secured in position more easily and efficiently than by the
attachments of this description at present in use.
This improved suspender is composed of four main straps or branches and two
singlo or double buttoning tongues connected by three metallic rings, and so
arranged that when the arms are passed through the loops formed by the main
branches, the latter shall pass over the shoulders at back and front and be secured
by the tongues to one or two buttons set at each side of the waistband. This
arrangement is shewn by the Figures of the accompanying Drawing, in which
a, a, a, a, are the main branches connected by the central and terminal metallic
rings b, b, b, to the latter of which are also connected the tongues c, c. The outer
ends of the branches a¹, a¹, are provided with a stud, hook, or other fastener, by
means of which they may be detached when required from the rings without
unbuttoning the tongues from the trowsers.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR ENGRAVING AND CHASING JEWELLERS' AND SILVERSMITHS WORK, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firmn of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR ENGRAVING AND CHASING JEWELLERS' AND
SILVERSMITHS WORK, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES." A communication
from abroad by Albert H. Watkins and Frederick A. Brown, both of Boston,
Massachusetts. United States of America.
Sealed the 15th June 1877, and dated the 27th December 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1876.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR ENGRAVING AND
CHASING JEWELLERS' AND SILVERSMITHS' WORK, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
A communication.
This Invention comprises two tool stocks, each carrying an engraving, chasing, or
other tool in a hollow revolving mandrel, and made to reciprocate at the same time
alternately with each other three or four times with each revolution for making
engraved or chased groundwork on gold or plated jewellery, silver, silver-plated or
washed ware, and other like articles.
Two tool stocks are arranged, side by side, in a hollow revolving mandrel, so as
to slide up and down freely, at the same time that they are turned around by the said
mandrel. Levers are suspended in hangers from a horizontal pulley which turns the
said mandrel, the levers being connected at one end with one of the tool stocks and
at the other with a stationary cam ring, so that they cause the tool stock to slide up
and down while being revolved in the mandrel.
The mandrel is mounted in a bearing which is attached to a stand and has
pulleys for receiving a belt from above and guiding it around the horizontal pulley
above named.
The engraving or other tools are so fitted in the stocks as to be readily removable
for changing, so as to use tools with different shaped points for different work.

page_text: pulley, the sleeve, and tool stocks, the box, the cam, the connecting pieces and
the collar, and the screw, the index, the scale, and the foot lever, all constructed,
combined, and operating as above set forth and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of Junc, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven. 117M PORT TAKE
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.”
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Malcolm McEwen, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF TOBACCO, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Malcolm McEwen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1876.
MALCOLM MCEWEN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of tobacco,
has for its object to flatten out the stem of the tobacco leaf, whilst in the leaf, and
without "stripping," thereby effecting economy in the manufacture.
The mechanism constituting the Invention consists of one or more pairs of rollers
formed partly of india-rubber or other clastic material, through which the leaves of
tobacco are passed, under any required degree of pressure. The effect of passing
the leaves through such rollers is to point or stretch the leaf, after which the
pointed and stretched leaves are transferred to rollers with travelling tapes; the
tapes on the respective rollers are of a sufficient distance apart to allow the
stretched portions of the leaf to be passed through them without being operated
upon, but they roll down or flatten out the stem or thicker portions to the required
thinness.
By this arrangement the stem and thinner portions of the leaf remain attached
after being stretched, pointed, and flattened out, and are passed on by the tapes to
rollers with cutting knives or dividers, which divide the flattened stem down
through the centre, leaving each half of the stem attached to the corresponding half
of the leaf.
In place of the arrangement herein-before described, in which separate rollers are
used for squeezing, carrying, and cutting the leaves, one pair of rollers and tapes

page_text: may be provided with cutters or dividers, and elastic surfaces, in which case this
pair of rollers performs the several operations of flattening, pointing, dividing, and
carrying, preparatory to spinning.
In place of using rollers as herein-before described, under other modifications
quadrants or segments of rollers, or rollers moving on a fixed table, or a table
moving on rollers may be substituted, or equivalent means for pressing, pointing,
and dividing the leaves may be adopted; the essential feature of the Invention
consisting in treating the tobacco leaves so that each portion of the stem as prepared
for manufacture remains attached to its own portion of the leaf.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRINGERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1876. A communication
from abroad by Channing Webster Littlefield, of Boston, Massachusetts, United
States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WRINGERS." A communication from abroad by Channing Webster Littlefield, of
Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
This Invention relates to machines commonly called wringers, intended for the
wringing of clothes, linen, and such like.
The improvements consist in the formation of a rubber or plastic roll, made to
lie loosely between four or more metal or hard rolls, the top and bottom hard
rolls being geared together, while the side rolls act simply to keep the rubber or
plastic roll in place. Also in the absence of any shaft, pinion, or support running
through the rubber or plastic roll, whereby the entire elasticity of the roll is
preserved, and the yielding property of the rubber is adapted to the inequalities
of the fabrics passed under or over them, and so the thin edges of articles are
equally wrung with the thicker portions.
The improvements may be performed by fixing the various rollers in any con-
venient frame, using suitable gearing and machinery for causing them to revolve,
and the rubber roller may be supported and revolved by short pinions projecting
slightly into it at each end.
THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINATION OF A CORDON SOUFFLE INTERWOVEN WITH PILLOW LACE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harrison and Lancelot Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1876.
WILLIAM HARRISON and LANCELOT SMITH, of 15, King Edward Street, Newgate
Street, in the City of London: "THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW OR IMPROVED
COMBINATION OF A CORDON SOUFFLE INTERWOVEN WITH PILLOW LACE."
The new or improved combination of gimp and lace is made by combining with
the silk or woolen thread used in the manufacture of pillow lace a large stiff thread
or threads composed of cotton covered with silk or wool, such as is ordinarily used
in the manufacture of gimp, and known as a "cordon soufflé," to form the edge or
other part of the lace to which it may be desired to impart a greater degree of
firmness, and to give a heavy and rich appearance.
The cordon soufflé is interwoven on the pillow with the finer threads used in
forming the lace so as to form a gimp on the edge of or interspersed in the body of
the lace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF YARNS FOR PACKING PURPOSES INTENDED FOR USE IN PACKING PISTONS OF STEAM CYLINDERS, JOINTS OF PIPES OF ALL KINDS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Yeo at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1876.
EPHRAIM YEO, of Newton-Abbot, in the County of Devon.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF YARNS FOR PACKING PURPOSES INTENDED FOR USE IN
PACKING PISTONS OF STEAM CYLINDERS, JOINTS OF PIPES OF ALL KINDS, AND
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
The improvements consist in twisting several threads of yarn together into
hardened yarn and boiling them in oil, tallow, grease, paraffin, with Japan wax and
French chalk, then twisting the yarn so boiled into strands laid into soft rope with
a heart in the centre.
The following is a convenient mode of performing the improvements:―Take
one cwt. cach of oil, tallow, grease, paraffin, and Japan wax, boil together, then add
one cwt. of ground French chalk, mix and boil together, three-quarters of a cwt.
of yarn is boiled in the mixture and drawn through a press or machine, so that
when drawn the yarn contains about 28 lbs. of the mixture to the cwt., three-
quarters of a cwt. of yarn and one-quarter of a cwt. of the mixture making one cwt.
of improved packing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Harrington, of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL SKATES."
Scaled the 12th April 1970, and dated the 3rd February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Harrington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1876.
JOHN HARRINGTON, of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight.
SKATES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL
The Invention has for its object improvements in wheel skates. For this purpose
the stock or foot stand of the skate is formed with a central raised portion, upon
which the weight of the skater is carried, but it is so rounded or bevilled off at
each side as to permit of the rocking of the foot thereon.
I mount each pair of wheels on an axis which is fixed to a vertical perch bolt
capable of turning upon its own axis. These perch bolts are mounted in suitable
bearings fixed rigidly to the foot stand of the skate. Projecting from the inner side
of the axis of each pair of wheels is a stud or arin, to which is connected a strap.
These straps are connected to the studs or arms so as to leave a sufficient length of
strap at each side of each stud or arm to pass up to, and by preference, around the
foot of the skater, and strap it finally to the stock or foot stand of the skate. These
straps may pass through openings formed in the stock or foot stand, or they may be
passed outside thereof, and I prefer to pass them over rollers mounted on or in the
stock or foot stand to permit of the straps readily moving with the foot when
the foot is rocked upon the foot stand, although in some cases these rollers may be
dispensed with.
In some cases a chain or other flexible connection may be employed in lieu of the
strap to connect the foot of the skater with the stud or arm, and also to secure it
to the foot stand.
It is essential to the success of this my present Invention that the strap
connecting the stud or arin with the foot of the skater be passed once round the
foot and then buckled; or that the strap be fastened to the foot in any other

page_text: manner that will prevent its slipping upon the foot, or shifting its position thereon
when buckled or adjusted ready for use.
In some cases springs may be employed to maintain the axes of the wheels in a
square or rectangular position when not otherwise acted upon by the foot of the
skater.
According to my present Invention the stock or foot stand is always maintained
It will thus be
in a rigid position, and does not rock with the foot of the skater.
seen that as the skater rocks or inclines his foot in the one or the other direction so
will the straps act upon the studs or arms, and thereby cause the one wheel of each
pair which is nearest to the centre or inside of the curve about to be described to
approach or incline towards the other; by which means the skate will be caused to
run in a curve towards the direction of the inclination of the foot of the skater.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ROLLING A CERTAIN SECTION OF RAILS DOWN TO SPRING STEEL AND TO BARS FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Hobson and Henry Hall
Dyson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December
1876.
FRANCIS HOBSON and HENRY HALL DYSON, of Don Rolling Mills, Savillo St.,
Sheffield, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ROLLING
A CERTAIN SECTION OF RAILS DOWN TO SPRING STEEL AND TO BARS FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
Our Invention relates to an improved method of rolling rails or rail ends of the
section known as flanged rails down to bars suitable for railway springs and other
purposes whereby the said bars are free from "overlap," a defect usual in all other
methods of rolling such sections, and it consists in turning the gates or grooves in
the rolls so that the flanges are compressed in such a manner that they are not
overlapped in the successive stages of rolling, the edges of the flanges being turned
upwards instead of down as in the ordinary methods of rolling similar sections of
rail ends.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bullough at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1876.
JAMES BULLOUGH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Heretofore the cloth or fabric as woven has been wound upon the "cloth roller,
the latter being operated by means of gear wheels, and when the piece is woven
it is for the purpose of removal unwound from the roller and folded by the
operative.
The object of this Invention is by the use of apparatus hercin-after described to
dispense with the cloth roller, and fold the cloth as woven with consequent saving
of time and labour of unwinding and folding the cloth by hand.
According to this my Invention the cloth or fabric as woven after passing over
the "emery roller" is passed between or between and over fluted or other drawing
rollers, and thence over a guide rod to a traversing bar working to and fro under-
neath the loom. This bar is operated from the wheel of the emery roller or from
other going part of the loom, and the motions of the bar are so timed as to
distribute the cloth as woven in even folds upon a receiving board on the com-
pletion of the weaving of a "piece." The latter is folded ready for removal.
PROVEMENTS IN LADIES' GIRDLE FASTENERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Leslie Fyfe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1876.
'
ALEXANDER LESLIE FYFE, of Aldersgate Street, in the City of London.
PROVEMENTS IN LADIES' GIRDLE FASTENERS."
"IM-
My Invention relates to an improved fastener for ladies' girdles, which consists in
a clasp and a suspender attached thereto; the clasp is of cylindrical form, and
made in two halves hinged together so as to open to admit the girdle, and is pro-
vided with a spring on the inside which compresses the girdle and serves to keep
the clasp in place, and to adapt it to girdles of different sizes. This spring may
either be a curved strip of steel, or it may be a short tube or strip of india-rubber
secured within the clasp, or a spring enclosed within a box or case may be used.
The halves of the clasp when closed upon the girdle are fastened by a spring
catch.
To the clasp is attached by a short chain or otherwise a suspender consisting of
a plate or piece of metal of any suitable ornamental form, to the back of which is
pivoted a metal loop by which the pendant ends of the girdle are retained in a
symmetrical or graceful position. This loop which may be made of bent wire is
pivoted so as to be turned on one side to admit the girdle without drawing it
through it, and when turned back to its closed position its free end springs into
and is retained by a notch at the back of the plate.
MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Wallau at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1876.
JACOB WALLAU, of Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham.
MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention relates more particularly to high pressure marine boilers, and
consists of peculiar arrangements of the furnaces, tubes, and other internal parts of
the boiler, whereby a complete circulation of the water is obtained, the main object
of the Invention being the prevention of unequal expansion and contraction of
boilers, thus insuring greater durability and efficiency.
In carrying out my Invention, in lieu of placing the furnaces and tubes equally.
or nearly equally on both sides of the boiler they are all kept sufficiently to one side
to give ample space for the water to return from the top to the bottom of the boiler
after rising to the surface from the furnaces and tubes.
In combination with this arrangement I may employ circulating plates, pipes, or
suitable castings to improve the circulation, also one or more damper plates to
check or regulate the motion of the water, such damper plate or plates being worked
from the outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AFFORDING SAFETY AND PRE- VENTING ACCIDENTS, APPLICABLE TO WINDOW CLEANING, PAINTING, DECORATING, AND REPAIRING BUILDINGS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Meadowcroft and Thomas
Graves at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April
1876.
THOMAS MEADOWCROFT and THOMAS GRAVES, both of Battersea, in the County
of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AFFORDING SAFETY AND PRE-
VENTING ACCIDENTS, APPLICABLE TO WINDOW CLEANING, PAINTING, DECORATING,
AND REPAIRING BUILDINGS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for supporting and
affording safety to persons whilst engaged in cleaning the exterior of windows at
any elevation, painting, glazing, decorating, or repairing the exterior of buildings, or
for other like purposes.
For this purpose a stage is first formed by means of planks firmly secured to the
sill of a window in like manner to that known as the "glazier's machine," the ends
of the planks projecting through an open window and being supported by angular
arms underneath bearing against the outer wall of the building and serving as
brackets to support any weight placed on the stage formed by the projecting planks,
the inner ends of which are secured by pins passed through holes in the planks so
as to bear against the inner surface of the wall as is well understood.
In order to adapt apparatus of this character to suit various thicknesses of walls
or the projecting sills of the windows to which they are applied, according to our
improvements the exterior angular brackets or bearings are furnished with adjusting
screws, which can be readily set to adapt the apparatus to window sills, varying in
the distance to which they project from the outer surface of the wall against which
the apparatus is supported. A sliding wedge is employed to adjust the apparatus
to the bevil of different sills. The clamping pin or cottar is also for some purposes
furnished with a set screw to fix and secure the apparatus under the inner beading
of a window sill.
Having fixed two of such projecting planks, one on each side of an open window,
a stage is formed thereon by a plank or planks which can be fixed by screws or
otherwise. Uprights or posts of any length required are either hinged to or other-
wise fixed to the ends of the projecting planks, and others just within the opening
of the window are raised and connected together by horizontal bars at the ends and
in front, thus enclosing the stage formed upon the fixed planks with a railing or

page_text: fence (and curtain if desired) which will afford safety to the person or persons
engaged on the stage.
In like manner a fenced stage may be formed between two or more windows of
a building for the purpose of painting, decorating, or repairing the exterior walls
thereof or for other like purposes requiring the use of a stage.
The apparatus may be employed if required for supporting a fire-escape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HERMETICALLY SEALING METALLIC CASES USED FOR PRESERVED PROVISIONS OR OTHER PURPOSES SO AS TO ADMIT OF THEIR BEING READILY OPENED WITHOUT THE USE OF ANY INSTRUMENT AND WITHOUT DAMAGING THE CASE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Townshend Griffin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th January 1876.
TOWNSHEND GRIFFIN, of Market Drayton, Shropshire, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HERMETICALLY SEALING METALLIC CASES USED FOR PRESERVED PROVISIONS OR
OTHER PURPOSES SO AS TO ADMIT OF THEIR BEING READILY OPENED WITHOUT THE
USE OF ANY INSTRUMENT AND WITHOUT DAMAGING THE CASE."
This Invention relates to improvements in hermetically sealing metallic cases
used for preserved provisions or other purposes so as to admit of their being
readily opened without the use of any instrument and without damaging the case.
I construct the case with an ordinary rim lid, i.e., the rim goes over the sides of
the case and bears flat against the same instead of going within the case as in the
method hitherto usually adopted. A strip of tin plate or other suitable metal, say
half an inch wide or thereabouts, is then soldered at its edges to the case around
the edge of the rim of the lid, one edge on to the same and the other on to the
sides of the case. The outer end of this strip of tin is left loose, i.c., it is not
soldered down; this is to enable the strip to be taken hold of and pulled ofl' when
the case is to be opened. The strip of tin plate or other metal used is made in two
or more parts for the following reason-As to make the joint perfect and the
sealing quite effective the end of the strap must be turned back to allow of the
solder being applied, and as the end must then be again flattened to the case to
prevent it sticking out, which would render it liable to be broken, this twice
bending is found in practice to weaken the strip at the fold, so that the end
sometimes breaks off in the endeavour to remove the strip. To obviate this the
strip is made in two pieces soldered together before being applied to the case, a
loose end being left at the point of union for the purpose of being taken hold of to
remove the strip from the case to open it. The strip being thus formed may be
laid evenly round the lid and case, and soldered down at the edges as described.
Thus to close the case the lid is first placed on the top and the strip of tin then
soldered round.
To open the case the projecting end of the strip is taken hold of, and the strip
readily peeled off when the lid may be removed. The case is thus opened without
being in the least damaged, and may be again hermetically sealed as before when
desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE HEADS Of CARRIAGES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Offord at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1876.
JOSEPH OFFORD, of Wells Street, Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE HEADS Of
CARRIAGES."
•
The object of this Invention is to simplify the construction of the apparatus used
for opening and closing the heads of landaus and other carriages, and to render it
less liable than heretofore to work loose and rattle, or to become strained, and thus
prevent the head closing perfectly. To this end I make the top props which connect
the upper limbs of the ordinary head joints fast to the pillar tops, instead of mounting
them in bearings as has been heretofore the case. The cant rail, which is hinged as
usual to the pillar tops, I connect to the head joints by rods which are pivotted to
the cant rail and to spurs on the upper limb of the head joints, which connecting
rods serve as levers to press or double in the head joints when the cant rail is
lifted.
The coiled springs which give the folded down head an upward tendency, and
thereby facilitate the closing of the carriage, are severally connected as usual, the
one end to the pillar and the other to the hinged pillar top.
By connecting the cant rail with the head joints as described, I get a direct
action on the head joints instead of (as is usual) through the top or the bottom
prop. This arrangement will ensure a proper locking of the head joints, and
consequently the complete closing of the movable head of the carriage.
I would remark that the above described arrangement admits of being placed
within the lining of the carriage head, or outside the head as may be thought
desirablo.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF TAPERED TUBES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ward at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 18th November 1876.
"
JOHN WARD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF TAPERED TUBES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN."
In carrying out my Invention I employ mandrels constructed taper in form, and
identical in size to the tube I propose ornamenting; these mandrels are arranged
with a series of flutes or concaves wide at the base and gradually decreasing to the
apex; the tube for ornamentation is drawn upon these mandrels, and by the
application of rolls (the periphery of which is convex, and ornate designs engraved
or cut thereon), and pressure employed commencing at the apex, and ornamenting to
the base; or I may employ mandrels as before described, but convex forms
graduating as they approach the apex, if so, in this case the rolls would be concaved
upon the periphery, but ornamented the same.
To make the tapered tubes as above described circular in form I adopt the
process known as annealing, and then drawing the said tube upon a plain tapered
mandrel.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF ELECTRO-PLATING METAL SURFACES WITH NICKEL."
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Mathew Prior at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1876.
RICHARD MATHEW PRIOR, of Vale Cottage, Highbury, in the County of Middlesex.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF ELECTRO-PLATING METAL SURFACES WITH NICKEL."
This Invention relates to a process of electro-plating with nickel by means of a
solution of the double chloride of nickel and ammonium, obtained as herein-after
specified.
I first dissolve ordinary metallic nickel in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric
acids with an excess of metal sufficient to ensure the neutralization of the whole of
the acid. The proportion of these materials is about one pound of commercial
metallic nickel to about five pints of the mixed acids. This process may be carried
on at a temperature of 150 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature is then
raised, and the process continued until the bulk of the solution is diminished about
one-half, the product being the chloride of nickel. I then make a solution of
ordinary commercial chloride of ammonium (sal ammoniac) by dissolving the chloride
in hot water in the proportion of about 21½ pounds of the chloride to 15 gallons
of water. Then I add to this solution the chloride of nickel obtained as above
described. I then add to the solution common salt (chloride of sodium) in sufficient
quantity to give the solution a density or specific gravity of 10 degrees Baumé. I
then add a sufficient quantity of concentrated solution of caustic potash to render
the nickel solution strongly alkaline.
In electro-plating by means of this nickel solution I use an anode consisting of
metal nickel in a granular condition, that is to say, small lumps or pieces, which
are placed in bags of muslin or other suitable material suspended in the bath, and
connected with the negative pole of a galvanic battery by a platinum wire.
In combination with these anodes of granular nickel I use plates of carbon con-
nected, as above described, with the galvanic battery by a platinum wire.
I employ in the said bath a rod or piece or pieces of iron, which prevent the
deposit of copper and zinc on the surface of the object or article being electro-plated
in the said bath. This iron is not connected with the batteries.
I use batteries of great intensity or power, that is to say, of sufficient power to
freely evolve hydrogen gas from the cathode.

page_text: In this process the plated surface when taken out of the bath is brighter, and
much harder than surfaces nickel plated by other known processes. A deposit of
sufficient thickness for ordinary purposes is obtained in a much shorter time, and
the cost of this process is considerably less than that of other processes of nickel
electro-plating.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TENON-CUTTERS OF MORTISING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William King at the Office of the.
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1876.
WILLIAM KING, of 21, Lockington Road, Battersea Park, in the County of Surrey.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TENON-CUTTERS OF MORTISING MACHINES."
I propose to bevel the two cutters by which a single tenon is to be cut with the
longest points outwards instead of inwards as hitherto, and to give a projecting
point to the inside flange.
For cutting double tenons I propose to add to the above cutters a middle cutter
in the shape of a mortise chisel, and to regulate the length of the shoulders,
whether for double or single tenoning. I propose to insert steel guages of
various thicknesses between the cutters and the block to which they are
fixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SASHI FASTENERS OR CATCHES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Thompson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1876.
NATHAN THOMPSON, of the City of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings and State
of New York, in the United States of America, but at present of 23, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SASHI FASTENERS OR
CATCHES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in sash fasteners or catches,
whereby the two sashes may be securely fastened together, and in case they should
not be completely closed (say to the extent of about half an inch) the action of the
catch or fastenor will be such as to effect the closing thereof, and at the same time
draw the two sashes together. For this purpose I form the catch or fastener of
two parts, one of which is fixed to the upper and the other to the lower sash, as
heretofore.
According to my Invention however I form the end of the lever with a pro-
jecting incline, and fix the plate to which such lever is pin jointed to the upper bar
of the lower sash instead of to the lower bar of the upper sash; and I fix to the
lower bar of the upper sash a plate carrying a fixed under cut segmental double
incline formed to act in combination with the projecting incline on the lever.
I also provide the lever with a bolt or catch to act in combination with apertures
formed in the plate carrying such lever, by which means it is impossible to push
back the lever by a knife or other means from the outside of the window, except by
previously breaking a pane of glass.
If desired, however, instead of employing a lever and formning the inclines seg-
mental, the under cut inclines may be formed in a right line, but fixed diagonally
on the sash bar, and a sliding incline or bolt may be employed to act therewith.
AN IMPROVED STOP MOTION APPLICABLE TO FIBRE MACHINES ON WHICH COILERS' ARE EMPLOYED
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Ryder, Foreman Mechanic to Messieurs Robert
Hopwood and Son, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVED STOP MOTION APPLICABLE TO FIBRE MACHINES ON WHICH
COILERS' ARE EMPLOYED."
Sealed 14th July 1876, and dated the 15th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Ryder at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1876.
THOMAS RYDER, Foreman Mechanic to Messieurs Robert Hopwood and Son, of
Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED STOP MOTION APPLICABLE
TO FIBRE MACHINES ON WHICH COILERS' ARE EMPLOYED."
This Invention, which is designed mainly for drawing frames, but is applicable.
to carding engines or other machines for working cotton, wool, or other fibres on
which coilers are employed, has for its object the prevention of waste by stopping
the machine when a sliver can or cans is or are full, and also preventing the breakage
of the lids of the sliver cans.
According to this my said Invention I employ a lever having its fulcrum about
midway its length. One end of this lever terminates in a ring or eye, through
which the sliver passes on its way to the sliver can, and the eye is just clear of or
above the lid of the sliver can, the other end of the lever being in contact with
the "tulip" or other lever connected with the ordinary stop mechanism of the
machine.
When the sliver can is full before it can overflow its lid is raised and comes in
contact with the eye of the lever first herein referred to, raising one end of this
lever, and causing its other end to operate the tulip or other lever connected with
the stop mechanism, so the waste of material is prevented and the lids are not
overturned and broken by falling.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent fited by
the said Thomas Ryder in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th July 1876.
THOMAS RYDER, Foreman Mechanic to Me-sieurs Robert Hopwood and Son, of
Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED STOP MOTION APPLICABLE
TO FIBRE MACHINES ON WHICH COILERS' ARE EMPLOYED."
'
This Invention, which is designed mainly for drawing frames, but is applicable
to carding engines or other machines for working cotton, wool, or other fibres on
which coilers are employed, has for its object the prevention of waste by stopping
[Price 4d.]

page_text: Witness,
JOHN TROOP, Cashier,
Nova Scotia Mills, Blackburn.
THOMAS RYDER. (L.S.)