appara abus and other Fluids.
Year: 1885

page_text: appara abus and
other Fluids.
We RICHARD MOUNTFORD DEELEY Junior of Highland Villa, Mill Hill, Derby
in the County of Derby and JAMES JENNINGS ROBINS of 27 North Street Derby
in the same County, Engineers do hereby declare the nature of our invention
for IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EJECTING OR INJECTING GASEOUS AND OTHER FLUIDS,
to be as follows:-
The chief object of this invention is to provide a means for effecting the rapid
exhaustion of the vacuum chambers and pipes of pneumatic brake apparatus.
To this end we conduct the steam which is to supply the motive force used to
create a suction, to the centre of a chamber so shaped as to ensure the escaping
steam passing out in the form of a disc and we connect this chamber in such a
way with the receptacle for the air or fluid to be impelled so as to cause it to
mingle with the escaping steam and pass out therewith through the periphery of
the chamber. The apparatus whereby we obtain this result admits of various
modifications but one that we have found to act efficiently consists of two discs set
a short distance apart and each being connected at its centre with a pipe of suitable
diameter.
Supposing the pipe of the lower disc to supply steam or other fluid at a pressure
to the apparatus a deflector is set over this pipe to spread the steam or other fluid
into the form of a disc, the upper part of this deflector is coned and the pipe fitted
to the upper disc is correspondingly flared to provide for the reception of the coned
deflector within it and yet allow of a free passage around it. The upper disc is
brought as near to the lower disc as is the deflector, and the pipe connected with
the upper disc is put in communication with the pipes of the brake apparatus,
when therefore steam is admitted to the apparatus it will be deflected into the form
of a disc and issuing out between the edges of the discs it will cause an exhaustion
above the deflector thereby sucking in the air from the air pipe and causing its
discharge with the steam. For convenience it may be desirable to enclose this
apparatus in a box and to lead off the mingled steam and air by means of a
discharge pipe. If desired the bottom of the box may serve the purpose of the
lower dise, or the air may enter through the bottom of the box in an annular

page_text: passage surrounding the steam pipe. In this case what has been termed the upper
disc will take the conical form at its centre of the deflector and will serve at once
to deflect the steam and cause the air to mingle therewith as the steam issues out
from under the deflector.
This form of exhaust apparatus may be used as a water injector for steam boilers
by simply connecting the annular passage surrounding the steam pipe with a water
tank and connecting the box with the boiler.
Apparatus constructed on this principle will not only act with great rapidity, a
matter of considerable moment in the application of brakes but may be constructed
at a small cost and will be little liable to derangement.

page_text: Improved Apparatus for Ejecting or Injecting Gaseous and
other Fluids.
WE RICHARD MOUNTFORD DEELEY, Junior, of Highland Villa, Mill Hill, Derby
in the County of Derby, and JAMES JENNINGS ROBINS, of 27 North Street, Derby
in the same County, Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The chief object of this invention is to provide a means for effecting the rapid
exhaustion of the vacuum chambers and pipes of pneumatic brake apparatus.
To this end we conduct the steam which is to supply the motive force used to
create a suction, to the centre of a space confined between two concentric discs of
different diameters, which will cause it to spread radially and escape in an expanded
state, but with considerable energy, so as to create a partial vacuum, and draw up
the fluid intended to be ejected or injected, as the case may be.
In the accompanying Drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of one form of our improved apparatus intended to
be used as an exhaust for vacuum brakes of a railway train.
In this Figure, a is a steam pipe forming part of a casting A, which casting
flares out at its upper end to form the bottom of a box B, of which a second
casting A' forms the cover.-B₁ is the central discharge pipe screwed into the cover,
and C is a pipe screwed into the bottom of the casting A, and serving to supply air
thereto. In this pipe a seat is formed for the reception of the valve D.
The steam pipe a is fitted with a central stem E*, which is cast in one with a
disc E, of a diameter slightly inferior to the internal diameter of the box. The
space between the box B and the disc E, at the point b, forms the least area of the
throat of the discharge opening.
The upturned end of the steam pipe a* (to which the stem E* is secured by a
clamping nut) is cast with a flange forming a disc F. This disc is from about one
third to one fourth the diameter of the disc E, and forms with it the space in which
the admitted steam is deflected and spread, in order to perform the office of an
exhaust jet.-The least area of the opening between the two disc E and F is at the
point a¹, which forms the throat of the steam nozzle.
Surrounding the upturned end of the steam pipe a* is an annular passage for
leading air, drawn in through the pipe C, past the valve D to the exhaust
box B.
To ensure the efficient action of the steam, we have found that it is essential
that the steam, after leaving the space enclosed by the disc F and the central portion
of the disc E, shall be caused to impinge upon that portion of the disc E which
extends from the outlet of the central steam nozzle to the outlet between the
bottom of the box B and the disc E at the point b. One way of effecting this is
by dishing the disc E, as shown in the Figure. In this design, the centre of the
dish, which is opposite to the disc F, is flat, and from this flat portion the edges of

page_text: the dish curve until the opening b is reached, through which the combined air and
steam pass out together. Another way of accomplishing the same object is to cone
or dish the disc F, and place a corresponding conical protruberance near the centre
of the disc E. By either of these means, the steam, as it issues through a nozzle
with approximately parallel sides, expands by radiation, strikes against the disc E,
and passes out with the commingled air between the bottom of the box B and the
disc E, at the point b, without undergoing undue lateral expansion.
The distance apart of the two discs E and F, at the point a', for securing an
efficient action of the apparatus, will vary under different circumstances, but the
most recent tests have shewn, that in apparatus constructed on the scale of the
drawings, the best result has been obtained by making the area of the throat of
the steam nozzle, at a¹ a little less than one third that of the discharge orifice
between the box B and the disc E at the point b. These proportions are susceptible
of slight alterations according to the steam pressure at which the instrument is
required to work, in order to produce the best results. With a pressure of 95 lbs
per square inch, a vacuum equal to 27 inchies of mercury was obtained in a very
rapid manner.
It should be stated that to obtain the best result, whichever may be the modified
form of the apparatus, the area of the throat b between the deflector and the
bottom of the exhaust box for the mingled steam and air to pass out, should be so
proportioned as to provide for their delivery through the throat of the discharge
opening without undue friction, and without undue lateral expansion, the object
being to just fill the opening with the mixed passing fluids.
Fig. 2 shews a slight modification of the apparatus just described.
In this example, the position of the steam pipe is inverted, and a flange is screwed
on to form the large disc E. Pendent from this pipe is a stem F', which is cast in
one piece with the smaller disc F.-The steam entering by the pipe a, passes down
through the centre of the disc E, is deflected by the disc F, which causes it,
as above explained, to impinge against the disc E.-The disc E, it will be
seen, is dished as before, in order to ensure the proper action of the issuing
steam.
Fig. 3 shews in longitudinal section a modification of our exhaust apparatus,
which provides for the discharge of steam into the smoke box of the engine when
the train is standing still, and thereby maintaining the energy of the draught
through the fire box, while by the same act the exhaustion of the train pipes is
restored.
Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view of the same; and
Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively a cross section and a front elevation of the apparatus,
the section being taken in the lines 1. 2. and 3. 4. of Figs. 3 and 4.
In these Figures, it will be seen that the disc F is carried by a hollow stem
fixed in the air pipe C in such a manner as to allow of the inflow of the air to the
box B between the two pipes. One side of this box is dished and serves the
purpose of the disc E, a disc with a central opening being set opposite to it to
perform the office of the part of the box opposed to the deflector E in the first
described arrangement.
Steam is admitted to the apparatus by the pipe a, and it is met by a regulator
valve G, the stem of which passes through the hollow stem of the disc F and is
free to turn in a stuffing box fitted to the cover A¹ of the box B. A hand wheel
is keyed to the stem of the valve for the purpose of shifting it axially.
H is a pipe leading from the box B to the smoke box of the engine.
The position of the valve G shewn in Figure 3, opens a way for the steam
through the passage h to the pipe H, without effecting the exhaustion of the
train pipes. By shifting this valve axially, the steam is caused to pass through
the valve to the annular passage f, where it meets with the disc F, and heing turned,
passes through the throat a', thence to the throat b, and thence, by the dish shaped
deflector E, to the discharge opening. The steam, however, detected radially at a',
meets the incoming air, which passes between the disc F and the disc forming

page_text: the deflector, where it mingles, at the point b, with the steam on its passage
outwards.
A third position of the valve cuts off the supply of steam from the apparatus.
It will be understood that this valve provides for regulating the supply of steam
to suit the work in hand.
As the pipe H is always in communication with the passage h and the box B, it
will be readily understood that it will receive steam while the valve is in two of its
three positions. Thus, when steam is admitted to the disc F, the exhaustion of the
air from the pipe C, and the quickening of the draught through the fire box, will
be carried on simultaneously.
Fig. 7 shews in longitudinal central section, and
Fig. 8 in transverse section, our improved disc apparatus, as modified to convert
it into an injector, the transverse section being taken in the line 5. 6 of Fig. 7.
In this arrangement, the deflector F is fitted to the pipe C by which the water
is admitted to the apparatus, and the dise E is screwed to and forms an extension
of the end of the steam pipe a, as in Fig. 2.
The inner face of the exhaust box opposed to the face of the disc E, is so shaped
as to form an annular contraction of the space, as at b, between the box and the
disc E, and in this contraction an annular passage is cut, opening into a chamber B',
outside the box, and leading to a discharge pipe B². The area of the opening
leading into the discharge pipe B2, is about two thirds of that of the smallest area
of the steam nozzle between the disc E and F at the throat a¹.
The steam entering by the pipe a, strikes upon the deflector F, and spreading
out radially, as before explained, causes an inflow of water by the pipe C, and the
mingling of the same with the steam as it passes from behind the deflector F
and enters the space between the disc E and the box.
The mingled water and steam will then flow to the periphery of the disc E, and
passing to the back of the disc, will enter a pipe B³, which will conduct it to the
steam boiler.
Should an excess of water be drawn into the apparatus, its flow will be checked
by the contraction of the box at b, and entering the annular passage made in the
case, will escape into the chamber B¹, and be discharged by the pipe B².
Suitable valves for varying the amount of steam and water passing into the
injector, may be either fitted to the instrument or placed in the pipes leading
thereto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we
do not lay claim to the application of the radial jet of steam, however secured, for
ejecting or injecting fluids, but we do claim as our invention
1st The improved form of instrument, as above described, for effecting the radial
distension of a jet of steam, and causing it to act efficiently as an ejector for
various fluids, more especially the construction of parts by which the jet of steam
or other fluid is caused to expand by radiation in its passage through the steam
nozzle, and to impinge against one of the discs, before finally passing into the
annular opening leading to the discharge pipe.
2nd The arrangement and construction of injector, proportioned as herein described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this 14th day of October 1885.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.