IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE CRANK SHAFTS OF LOOMS AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Lord, of Todmorden, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES, AND IN
MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE CRANK SHAFTS OF LOOMS AND OTHER MACHINES,"
Sealed the 10th December 1858, and dated the 2nd July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Lord at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou the 2nd
July 1858.
1, EDWARD LORD, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES, AND IN
MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE CRANK SHAFTS OF LOOMS AND OTHER MACHINES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to the taking-up motion, and consists in the
application thereto of an improved friction wheel and pall, to be used in lieu
of the ordinary ratchet wheel and click; the friction wheel is made either
with a V-shaped recess or grove in its circumference, or with a A-shaped
flange, and the pall is shaped to correspond with the wheel, both of which are
or may be chilled. The amount of motion imparted to the taking-up roller is
governed according to the increasing diameter of the cloth by a rod acting on
the adjustable joint of the lever, to which the pall is hinged, and the link by
which it is moved. This is applicable to other machines, besides looms.
I Price 8d.]

page_text: Secondly, in an improved letting-off motion, the flanges of the warp beam
are supported in V-shaped segmental brackets, and the requisite motion is
given to the warp beam, to cause the warp to be unwound by a friction pall
acting on one of the flanges and hinged to a lever, which is moved by the lay,
or other convenient part of the loom; this lever is connected by a link to the
vibrator in such wise, that when the warp is slack, the pall is held out of con-
tact with the flange of the warp beam. This is applicable to other machines
besides looms.
:
Thirdly, in the application of a locking apparatus to the vibrator, for the
purpose of holding the warp tight when the lay is heating the weft up into
the fabric.
This locking apparatus consists of a clip acting on a link hinged to the
vibrator, which clip is brought into action by the lay or other covenient
part of the loom; this is also applicable to other machines, besides looms.
Fourthly, in moistening the warp as it comes from the warp beam by con-
veying it into a trough containing water or other liquid, or by other means, for
the purpose of imparting moisture before it is woven.
Fifthly, in supporting one or more of the lease rods of looms on adjustable
brackets, by which means the angle or level of the warp can be varied
according to the fabric that is being woven.
Sixthly, in making the circumference of break wheels A-shaped or with a
V-shaped recess, and the break of a corresponding shape, by which improved
shapes the motions of the loom or other machine to which such breaks are
applied, are sooner arrested than when the breaks are made as usual.
Seventhly, my improvements in machinery for making crank shafts consist
in employing a block having a recess of the shape of the outer part of the
crank required, above this recess is a punch, corresponding in shape to the
inner part of the crank. When the bar of iron to be made into a crank shaft
has been heated at the part required, it is placed on the block, and the ends of
the bar are acted upon by screws or other agents, to compress or jump up the
heated part of the bar, the punch is then gradually brought down and presses
the heated part of the bar into the shape of a crank, the pressure on the
ends of the bar continuing until the crank is complete. Or the block may be
furnished with slides, on which the heated bar is laid; these slides gradually
approach towards each other during the operation of making the crank.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 'filed
by the said Edward Lord in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LORD, of Todinorden, in the County of York, Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edward Lord, Her special licence that I, the said Edward Lord
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, thesaid Edward
Lord, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree"
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend,within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR
WEAVING, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES, AND IN MACHINERY
FOR MAKING THE CRANK SHAFTS OR LOOMS AND OTHER MACHINES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Lord, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrumentin writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what mauner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Lord, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
-:
The nature of my Invention consists,-
First, in the application of improved shaped friction wheels and palls to
the letting-off notion of looms, and to other machines, and in the ma-
chinery employed in combination therewith.
Secondly, in moistening the warp in its passage from the warp beam to
the healds.
Thirdly, in supporting one or more of the lease rods on adjustable
brackets.
Fourthly, in the application of friction wheels and palls of improved
shapes to the taking-up motion of looms and other machines, the said

page_text: friction wheels and palls being used in lieu of the ordinary ratchet wheels
and clicks.
Fifthly, in an improved combination of parts applicable to the taking-up
motion of looms for regulating the motion of the taking-up roller, accord-
ing to the increasing diameter of the cloth.
Sixthly, in the application of a locking apparatus to the vibrator for
holding the warp tight when the lay or reed is beating the weft up into
the fabric.
Seventhly, in making the circumference of break wheels with a V-shaped
groove, or with a bevelled rim, and the break of a corresponding shape.
And, lastly, in the application of suitable machinery to bend rods or bars
of iron into cranks to make the crank shafts of looms or other machines.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood, and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me,
reference being had to the two accompanying Sheets of Drawings, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. is a side elevation of a loom, to which parts of my improvements are
applied; Fig. 2 is a front view of one end of the loom; and Fig. 3, a plan
of the same. a is the crank shaft; b, the lay or batten; b¹, the cross shaft
for the lay swords 62; c, the warp beam; d, the vibrator; e, the lease rods;
f, the reed; g, the breast beam; and h, the taking-up roller. The foregoing
parts, and all the others required to complete the loom which are not more
particularly referred to hereafter, are made in the usual manner.
My improvements in the letting-off motion consist of the following parts:-
To the warp beam c is jointed the lever c¹; the warp beam, instead of being
supported in end bearings as usual, is supported in the brackets c2, which
have V-shaped recesses, into which the flanges of the beam enter, the said
flanges being bevelled on their circumference to fit the said recesses; to the
lever c¹ is jointed the palle4, which is furnished with a V-shaped recess,taking
on to the rim of the flange. When the loom is at work, the lever c¹ has a
vibrating motion imparted to it by the stud 63 projecting from the cross shaft,
and the link 6', which connects the stud 63 to the lever c'. By the machinery
above described, the downward vibrating motion of the lever c¹ causes the
pall c* to bind on the circumference of the flange of the warp bean, and
thereby turns it partly round in the direction of the arrow, and when the
leverc¹ ascends, the pall liberates itself from the flange, which remains locked
in the brackets c². It is, however, necessary to regulate the motion imparted
to the warp beam, according to the quantity of the warp let off, and this is
accomplished in the following manner :-To the weighted rod d of the

page_text: vibrator d are connected two adjustable studs d2 and de, which act alternately
on the end of the spring c³, connected by the stud c to the lever c¹; the other
end of the spring co has a stud, against which the pall c' is held by the spring e².
The mode of operation is as follows:-When the warp raises the weighted
rod d', the lower stud de elevates one end of the spring c³, thereby lowering
the other end, and allowing the spring c to draw the pall c4 into the proper
position for acting on the flange of the warp beam, and letting off a portion of
the warp; but as soon as a certain quantity of warp has thus been unwound,
the weighted rod di descends, and the stud d² presses down the end of the
spring c³, and in so doing the other end of the same spring acting on the
pall c4, liberates it from the flange of the warp beam, in which position it
remains until the warp let off has been woven up into the fabric, when the
rod d' is again raised, and the same operation is repeated.
As it is beneficial in weaving some descriptions of fabric to moisten the
warp before it is woven, I place the trough i, containing water or other fluid,
under the vibrator, and I convey the warpover the edge of the trough i, then
under the rocking shaft i¹, and over the shaft ", both of which are supported
in the levers of the vibrator; the warps are thus moistened before they are
conveyed to the lease rods e, one of which is supported at each end on the
adjustable brackets e', fixed to the frame sides by bolts passing through slots.
The object of thus supporting one or both the lease rods is to be able to raise
or lower them, so as to vary the angle or level of the warp. I wish to remark
here, that the trough i, instead of being directly under the vibrator, may be
placed in any other convenient position between the warp beam and the healds.
My improvements in the taking-up motion consist of the following parts,
the lever is loose on the axle of the taking up roller h, this lever and the
parts acting in combination with it, are seen best in the detached Figs. 4, 5,
and 6, Fig. 4 being an elevation, Fig. 5 a plan, and Fig. 6 a transverse
section through A, B, in Fig. 4; the lever j has a short slot in it for the stud
of the pall, which fits on the bevelled rim of the friction wheel k, which
works loose on the axle of the roller h. The lever j has also a long slot for
the segment piece / to slide in, to this piece is fixed the plate 1, having a stud
for the rod 12, which is connected below to the lever 66, fixed to the cross-
shaft b1; by this arrangement a vibrating motion is imparted to the lever j and
pall j, but the amount of vibration is gradually diminished according to the
increasing diameter of the cloth wound on the taking-up roller. by the bar
m, around which the cloth is taken in the usual manner.
The ends of this
bar after passing through longitudinal slots in the frame ends, take into the

page_text: 25
segment 13, fitting in the segment piece 7. The plate is made with a slot
so as to be able to adjust the position of the stud for the rod 1, with respect
to the centre of the bar m, for although in theory the centre of the stud should
coincide with that of the bar, still in practice it is found that the centre of the
stud must be rather further from the axis of the taking-up roller, than that of
the bar m. The rim of the friction wheel k is slightly bevelled, so that the pall
, when rising, may hold it securely and turn it partly round, but wheu- the
pall drops, it releases the friction wheel k, which is then held by the
retaining pall, which is prolonged beyond its fulcrum. This prolongation is
for disconnecting the pall, when the weft breaks, the trigger 15 being acted
upon by the weft fork as soon as the weft stop motion comes into action; by
this means the taking-up motion is stopped, as soon as the weft breaks. The
amount of vibrating motion imparted to the lever is varied according to the
number of picks in a given length of fabric by moving the stud in the slot
lever 65, which is graduated as shewn in Fig. 1, to facilitate the proper
adjustment of the stud. I wish to remark here that a ratchet wheel may be
used instead of the friction wheel k, and clicks instead of the palls, and +,
the other parts of the taking-up motion remaining the same. The motion
imparted to the friction wheel k or ratchet wheel used in its stead is reduced
to the requisite extent before it is communicated to the taking-up roller /, by
the pinion, cast with or fixed to the friction wheel k, this pinion gears into
the wheel, to which is cast or fixed the pinion ³, gearing into the wheel Z4,
fixed to the axle of the taking-up roller. By the use of the above described
friction wheels and palls,and the other parts acting in combination therewith,
the greatest accuracy and regularity in the taking-up is effected. Fig. 7is a
side elevation of a loom, shewing a modification of my improved letting-off
and taking-up motions. Fig. 8 is a front view of part of the same. In Fig. 7
the warp beam c is supported in end bearings in the usual manuer, and to it
is fixed a spur wheel n, gearing into the pinion n', which is cast with or fixed
to the friction wheel n². This friction wheel is partly surrounded by a break n³,
the end of the rocking shatt i of the vibrator d, acts on the incline n' of the
break 3, which is held in contact with the friction wheel n2 by the spring n'.
The mode of operation is as follows:-When thewarp raises theweightedrodd',
the end of the rocking bar i acts on the incliue n', and lifts the break 3 out
of contact with the friction wheel n²; the warp beam being thus set at liberty,
allows a portion of the warp to unwind, thereby allowing the rocking shaft i¹ of
the vibrator to move out of contact with the inclinent, the spring n' then draws
the break against the friction wheel n², and locks the warp beam until that

page_text: portion of the warp that had been let off is woven into the fabric, and
taken up by the roller h. The taking-up motion represented in Figs. 7 and
8 is very similar to that already described, the only difference being, that in
the present arrangement the friction wheel o has a V-shaped groove in its
circumference, and the driving pall p and retaining pall are shaped to
correspond, so that when the lever moves upwards, the pall p binds in the
groove of the friction wheel o, and moves it partly round in the direction of
the arrow, and when the lever j moves downwards, the pall p liberates itself
from the friction wheel o, which is then held by the retaining pall p¹. The
spring p is to draw the pall p into the groove of the friction wheel o.
In weaving heavy fabrics it is desirable to hold the warp firmly when the
reed is beating the weft up into the fabric; in order to effect this, I make the
lower end of the weighted rod with, bevelled edges, as shewn in Fig. 9,
and guide it in the bracket q fixed to loom side; the bar q' is made with a
clip taking on the opposite side of the weighted rod d', this bar passes through
the lay sword b, and is furnished with a spring q, the object of which is to
prevent the injury which might result from a perfectly rigid blow; the mode
of operation is as follows:-When the lay is back, the clip on the bar q' is
open to allow the weighted rod d' to move freely, but when the reed strikes
the weft home, the clip tightens the rod against the fixed bracket 9,
thereby firmly holding the vibrator, and consequently the warp while the blow
is given.
The same object may be accomplished in various other ways. In Fig. 3 I
have shewn one mode of constructing my improved break wheel, marked a¹,
and break marked a². The rim of the wheel a' is bevelled, and the break has
a V-shaped groove to correspond; the break is made to encircle a part of the
circumference of the break wherl, in the same mauner as the break n³ in
Fig. 7, and the break is drawn into contact with the wheel when the motions
of the loom have to be arrested, by the usual mechanism employed for
applying breaks of the ordinary construction. The break wheel may also be
made with a V-shaped groove in its circumberfence similar to that in the
wheel o in Fig. S, into which a break of a corresponding shape is made
to fit.
.
Having thus described my improvements in looms for weaving, I wish it to
be understood, that the improved letting-off and taking-up motions are
applicable to other machines, such as lathes and planing machines, and various
others employed in preparing and spinning cotton and other fibrous materials,
the improved break wheels are also applicable to various machines: it is,
however, not requisite to show the mode of application in each case.

page_text: On Sheet 2 Fig. 10 is a front elevation, Fig. 11 an end elevation, and
Fig. 12 a plan of a machine for bending straight rods or bars of iron into
crank shafts. The bed plate r is supported on standards ¹ in any convenient
manner; at right angles to the bed plate r is fixed the bed plates, supported
by the standard s¹; the slides 72 and are fitted on the bed 7, each slide
having a screw nut attached to it taking into the screw t, one part of which
has a right-hand thread, and the other part has a left-hand thread, so that
when the screw revolves the slides approach or recede from each other; the
slide fits on the bed s, and has a nut taking into the screw u. The slides 72
and have blocks fixed to them to hold the bar of iron which has to be bent,
and a recess is made in each block of the shape of the outer part of the crank,
as shewn in dots at Fig. 12. To the slide s² is fixed a strong stud s³, which is
furnished with a bridle spassing around the bar of irou to be bent. The
screws t and u are connected by the gearing shown in the Drawing, so as to
rotate simultaneously, each screw having a worm wheel marked respectively t¹
and ul fixed to one end, these worm wheels are driven by the worms t² and u²,
fixed on the shafts t³ and u³, which are connected by mitre gearing; to the
shaft u³ are fixed the requisite fast and loose pulleys for giving motion to the
screws and u.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The Drawing represents the parts in
the positions they should occupy when the straight bar marked v is put into
the machine. The bar having been heated in the required place, is laid on
the slides 2 and 3, to which it is firmly secured by clamps or otherwise, the
driving strap is then put on the driving pulley, which gives the requisite
motion to the screw t for bringing the slides 2 and 3 towards each other,and
for moving the slide s towards the bar v, these combined motions of the
slides gradually bend the bar to the shape of the crank required, as indicated
by the dotted lines in Fig. 12, the recesses in the blocks of the slides 72 and 13
forming the outer parts of the crank, and the bridle s holding the crank
straight while the slides are approaching each other. As soon as the crank is
formed the bar is liberated from the slides 2 and 3, and the driving straps are
shifted so as to reverse the direction of motion of the screws t and u, which
are thus brought back to their original positions, and other cranks are bent in
like manner. When it is requisite, as in looms, to make two cranks in the
same shaft, I make use of the adjustable block rs, which has a recess to hold
the crank that has been bent, while the second crank is being formed. It is
evident that by securing the block 15 to the slide 3 at the requisite distance
from the centre of the slide s², the second cranks will all be kept to the same
uniform distance from the crank previously made.

page_text: Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the application of the improved shaped friction wheels and palls to
the letting off motion of looms, and to other machines, as described.
Secondly, the general arrangement and combination of machinery for letting
the yarn off the warp beam of looms, as described.
Thirdly, the moistening of the warp in its passage from the warp beam to
the healds.
Fourthly, the supporting the lease rods of looms in adjustable brackets, so
as to be able to vary the level of the warp.
Fifthly, the application of the improved shaped friction wheels and palls to
the taking-up motion of looms and other machines, as described.
Sixthly, the improved combination of parts shewn best in Figs. 4, 5, and 6,
for regulating the motion of the taking-up roller according to the increasing
diameter of the cloth.
Seventhly, the general arrangement and combination of the taking-up
motions, as shewn and described.
Eighthly, the application of the clip q and q', shewn in Figs. 7 and 9, or
other equivalent parts for locking or holding the warp when the reed is
beating up the weft.
Ninthly, the making the circumference of break wheels with a V-shaped
groove, or with a bevelled rim, as shewn and described in reference to
Fig. 3.
And, lastly, the machinery shewn and described in reference to Figs. 10,
11, and 12, or any other combination of machinery for bending straight bars
of iron into cranks.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Lord, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
EDW. LORD. (L.S.)