IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARNS OR THREADS ON TO QUILLS, SPOOLS, AND BOBBINS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Turner, of Leicester, Elastic Fabric
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
WINDING YARNS OR THREADS ON TO QUILLS, SPOOLS, AND BOBBINS,"
Sealed the 5th September 1865, and dated the 30th March 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1865.
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Fabric Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARNS OR THREADS ON TO QUILLS, SPOOLS, AND BOBBINS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for Winding Yarns or Threads
on to Quills, Spools, and Bobbins" relates to a novel arrangement of mechanism
for winding weft threads on to quills or spools for weaving purposes, but part
of my improvements may also be employed for winding yarns on to taper
bobbins for the same or other purposes for which taper bobbins may be
applicable.
In the ordinary method of winding on by hand there is a great
want of regularity in laying the thread on the quill or spool, and when the
[Price 8d.1

page_text: operation is performed by mechanical means it has been found that although
greater regularity is obtained in winding on the thread round the quill, spool,
or bobbin, yet it is impossible with the mechanism heretofore employed to
wind on the thread in such a manner as to admit of its being drawn off in
the operation of weaving with uniform tension; the consequence of this is
that uneven selvages are produced in the weaving, and not unfrequently the
weft thread is broken by the undue strain to which it is occasionally subjected.
The object of the first part of my improvements is to wind weft threads on to
quills or spools in such a manner that the thread during the weaving opera-
tion shall be delivered from the quill or spool at one uniform tension. In the
ordinary winding machinery the threads pass through guides attached to a
traversing bar, to which a to-and-fro motion is communicated by means of a
heart, so as to lay the thread equally along the bobbin from end to end in a
regular and uniform manner, and presenting a smooth even surface.
carrying out my Invention I avail myself of a similar arrangement of
mechanism for traversing the thread guide bar, but the heart is made to regu-
late the traverse so as to wind the bobbin hollow in the middle, that is,
gradually to taper it from the ends towards the centre. When the ends of
In
the bobbin are full the traverse of the thread guide bar is gradually shortened
by the means hereafter explained so as to fill up the hollow centre. In my
improved machine the main driving shaft which actuates the quills or spools
communicates motion to a similar shaft, on the end of which is a bevil wheel
whereby an upright shaft is driven; this latter carries at its upper end a snail
or worm, whereby a worm wheel is driven at a regular and uniform speed.
On the axle of this worm wheel is mounted the heart before-mentioned, and
commonly known as the traversing motion; this heart acts on a bowl or
truck at the upper end of a vertical vibrating lever, whereby the traversing
bar of the thread guides is worked in the usual manner. The essential
feature of novelty in this part of my Invention consists in making the fulcrum
of this vibrating lever moveable, so that although the heart always acts in the
ordinary manner on the upper end of the lever, the lowering of the fulcrum
or axis of motion of the vibrating lever will have the effect of shortening the
length of the traverse of the thread guide bar which is attached to the lower
end of the lever as usual. A cam or excentric on the heart shaft acts on a
lever which carries a pawl, whereby the ratchet wheel forming part of the
mechanism for varying the length of the traverse of the thread guide bar is
actuated. The vibrating lever which actuates the thread guide bar as above
mentioned has a slot made in it to receive a moveable pin, which acts as its
fulcrum or axis of motion. This fulcrum pin is fixed in another lever which

page_text: is capable of being rocked on its pivot, so that the moveable fulcrum pin of
the vertical vibrating lever may be gradually lowered, and the extent of motion
of its lower end, and consequently the length of traverse of the thread guide
bar may be gradually shortened while the winding operation is proceeding.
This lowering of the fulcrum pin of the vertical vibrating lever is effected by
means of a cam on the shaft of the ratchet wheel, and which acts on a
wedged-shaped piece at the end of the lever which carries the fulcrum pin of
the vertical vibrating lever. This cam is made with radii of increasing length,
so that as the longer radii come round they act on the fulcrum lever above
mentioned, and by depressing it will carry down the fulcrum pin of the
vertical vibrating lever, and by shortening the lower arm will thus diminish
the length of traverse of the thread guide bar in proportion. When the quill,
spool, or bobbin is properly filled the point of the cam will escape from or
past the wedge piece at the end of the lever, and by allowing the latter to
rise suddenly will throw the driving belt off the fast pulley and thus stop the
machine. By this arrangement of parts the threads are wound on to the
quills, spools, or bobbins in a proper manner for the delivery of the
yarn from
the shuttle when passing through the shed, that is, the thread as wound on
the quill or spool is slightly hollowed or depressed at the centre of the quill
or spool, and is raised or elevated towards the ends, so that at no part will the
thread while being drawn off be subjected to undue tension or pressure.
In order to wind taper or conical bobbins such as are required for hosiery and.
some kinds of weaving, the winding machinery must be of somewhat different
construction. This modification forms the second part of my Invention.
The taper bobbins are mounted on vertical spindles which are driven by
bands passed round a long drum on the main shaft. On each end of this
shaft there is a cam or excentric on which rest a pair of fulcrum levers which
carry the thread guide bar. By means of these cams or excentrics a vibrating
or up-and-down motion is communicated to the thread guide bar, and as the
thread is wound on to the bobbin it is made to cross and recross, and thus to
lock each previous layer of thread, which will thus be prevented from falling
off the bobbin or getting entangled, but at the same time it can be drawn off
with ease and regularity. The fulcrum pins or axes of motion of the vibrating
levers which carry the thread guide bar are placed in the outer ends of a pair
of rocking levers, which are keyed on to a rocking shaft mounted in bearings
in the framing. It will be evident therefore that as these rocking levers are
raised or lowered, their outer ends (and with them the fulcrum pins of the
thread guide bar lever) will be lowered or raised in proportion; the thread
guides will therefore have a compound motion, namely, a quick vertical

page_text: vibrating motion communicated to them by the cams or excentrics on the
main driving shaft, and a slower rising and falling motion by causing the
pivots or fulcra of the vibrating arms to rise and fall as above mentioned.
In order to effect this latter motion an arm on the rocking shaft is connected
by a pendent rod or link to the end of another rocking lever below. This
latter is keyed on to a short rocking shaft mounted in bearings attached to the
side standards, and on this shaft is keyed a vertical lever, the upper end of
which carries a bowl or truck which bears against a heart or cam on a cross
shaft, which is actuated by a snail or worm on the main driving shaft.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Archibald Turner in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARCHIBALD
TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Fabric Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Archibald Turner, Her special licence that I, the said Archibald
Turner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Archibald Turner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARNS OR THREADS ON TO QUILLS, SPOOLS, AND BOBBING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Archibald Turner,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Archibald Turner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
My Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for Winding Yarns or
Threads on to Quills, Spools, and Bobbins" relates to a novel arrangement
of mechanism for winding weft threads on to quills or spools for weaving
purposes, but part of my improvements may also be employed for winding
yarns on to taper bobbins for the same or other purposes for which taper
bobbins may be applicable.
In the ordinary method of winding on by hand there is a great want of
regularity in laying the thread on the quill or spool, and when the operation
is performed by mechanical means it has been found that although greater
regularity is obtained in winding on the thread round the quill, spool, or
bobbin, yet it is impossible with the mechanism heretofore employed to wind
on the thread in such a manner as to admit of its being drawn off in the
operation of weaving with uniform tension; the consequence of this is, that
Uneven selvages are produced in the weaving, and not unfrequently the weft
thread is broken by the undue strain to which it is occasionally subjected.
The object of this part of my improvement is to wind weft threads on to
quills or spools in such a manner that the thread during the weaving opera-
tion shall be delivered from the quill or spool at one uniform tension. In
the ordinary winding machinery the threads pass through guides attached to
a traversing bar, to which a to-and-fro motion is communicated by means of
a heart, so as to lay the thread equally along the bobbin from end to end
in a regular and uniform manner, and presenting a smooth and even surface.
In carrying out my Invention I avail myself of a similar arrangement of
mechanism for traversing the thread guide bar, but the heart is made to
regulate the traverse so as to wind the bobbin hollow in the middle, that is,
gradually to taper it from the ends towards the centre, as shewn at Fig. I
of the accompanying Drawings. When the ends of the bobbin are full the
traverse of the thread guide bar is gradually shortened by the means here-
after explained, so as to partly fill up the hollow centre.
In my improved machine, which is shewn in Sheet I. of the accompanying
Drawings, the main driving shaft a, (Fig. 2, which is a sectional elevation of
the machine) actuates the quills or bobbins and communicates motion to a
similar shaft b, on the end of which is a bevil wheel c, (see the front eleva-
tion, Fig. 3,) whereby an upright shaft d is driven. The latter carries at its
upper end a snail or worm e, whereby a worm wheelf is driven at a regular and
uniform speed; on the axle of this worm wheel fis mounted the heart

page_text: l
before mentioned, and commonly known as the traversing motion. This
heart acts on a bowle or truck g, at the upper end of a vertical vibrating
lever j, whereby the traversing bar k of the thread guides ki is worked in the
usual manner. The essential feature of novelty in this part of my Invention
consists in making the fulcrum of this vibrating lever j moveable, so that
although the heart i always acts in the ordinary manner on the upper end of
the lever, the lowering of the fulcrum 7 or axis of motion of the vibrating
lever j, will have the effect of shortening the length of the traverse of the
thread guide bar k, which is attached to the lower end of the lever j as usual.
The lever is supported from above by a pin or spindle h, fixed in sliding
blocks h¹, which move in horizontal guides h² in the side standards. The
lever is kept up against the heart i by means of a weighted cord p¹,
assisted by the weighted cord p", which draws the thread guide bar. A cam
or excentric m on the heart shaft 2 acts on a lever n, which carries a pawl n',
whereby one of a set of ratchet wheels o (forming part of the mechanism for
varying the length of the traverse of the thread guide har) is actuated. The
vibrating lever j, which actuates the thread guide bar k, as above mentioned,
has a slot made in it to receive the moveable pin l, which acts as its fulcrum
or axis of motion. This fulcrum pin may be fixed in another lever which
is capable of being rocked on its pivot, but in the Drawing Fig. 3 it is shewn
as fixed in blocks which slide in vertical guides 12, 12, in the side framing, so
that the moveable fulcrum pin of the vertical vibrating lever j may be
gradually lowered, and the extent of motion of its lower end, and consequently
the length of traverse of the thread guide bar k, may be gradually shortened
while the winding operation is proceeding. This lowering of the fulcrum pin
of the vertical vibrating lever j is effected by means of a cam 9 (see Figures
3 and 4). The fulcrum pin is held by means of a weighted cord up to
the cam q, which is mounted onthe shaft of the set of ratchet wheels o. The
cam q acts on a wedge-shaped piece 1, Fig. 4, on the fulcrum pin / of the
vertical vibrating lever j. The cam q is made with radii of increasing length,
so that as the longer radii come round they act on the bearing piece of the
pin, and by depressing it will carry the fulcrum pin of the vertical
vibrating lever j, and by shortening the lower arm will thus diminish the
length of traverse of the thread guide bar k in proportion. When the quill,
spool, or bobbin is properly filled the point of the cam q will escape from or
past the wedge piece of the fulcrum pin 7, and at the same time will throw
the driving belt off the fast pulley, and thus stop the machine. By this
arrangement of parts the threads are wound on to the quills, spools, or bobbins
in a proper manner, as shewn at Fig. 1, for the delivery of the yarn from the

page_text: bobbin or quill when the shuttle is passing through the shed; in other words,
the thread as wound on the quill or spool is slightly hollowed or depressed
at the centre of the quill or spool, as shewn at Fig. 1, and is raised or elevated
towards the ends, so that at no part will the thread while being drawn off be
subjected to undue tension or pressure.
In order to wind taper or conical bobbins, such as are required for hosiery
and some kinds of weaving, the winding machinery must be of somewhat
different construction. This modification forms the second part of my
Invention, and is shewn at Sheet II. of the Drawings, in which Fig. 5 is a
partial front elevation, and Fig. 6 an end elevation of the machine. The
taper bobbins are mounted on vertical spindles r', which are driven by
bands passed round pullies on the spindles and also round a long drum on the
main shaft t of the machine. On each end of this shaft t there is a cam or
excentrics, s¹, on which rest a pair of fulcrum levers u, u', which carry the
thread guide bars v, v¹. By means of these cams or excentrics s, s¹, a
vibrating or up-and-down motion is communicated to the thread guide
bars v, v¹, and as the thread is wound on to the bobbin it is made to cross
and recross, and thus to lock each previous layer of thread, which will thus be
prevented from falling off the bobbin or getting entangled, but at the same
time it can be drawn off with ease and regularity. The fulcrum pins or axes
of motion of the vibrating levers u, u', which carry the thread guide bars v, v¹,
are placed in the outer ends of a pair of rocking levers w, w¹, which are
keyed on to rocking shafts w², mounted in bearings in the framing. It will be
evident, therefore, that as these rocking levers w, w¹, are raised or lowered,
their outer ends (and with them the fulcrum pins of the thread guide bar
levers u, u,) will be lowered or raised in proportion; the thread guides will
therefore have a compound motion, namely, a quick vertical vibrating motion
communicated to them by the cams cr excentrics s, s', on the main driving
shaft t, and a slower rising and falling motion by causing the pivots or fulcra
of the vibrating arms u, u', to rise and fall as above mentioned. In order to
effect this latter motion, arms x, x¹, on the rocking shafts w² are connected
by pendent rods or links x² to the end of another rocking lever y below.
This latter is keyed on to a short rocking shaft ¹, mounted in bearings
attached to the end standards, and on this shaft is keyed a vertical lever z,
the upper end of which carries a bowl or truck z', which bears against a heart
or cam 2² on a cross shaft z³. This shaft is actuated by a snail or worm * on
the inain driving shaft t, being made to take into and drive the worm wheel 3.
The heart or cam z³ is capable of being regulated in length or shape, as
indicated by red lines in the Drawing, so as to admit of changing or modifying

page_text: the motions of the thread guide bar as may be desired and as is well under-
stood.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for
Winding Yarns or Threads on to Quills, Spools, and Bobbins," and having
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the
Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,-
First, the mechanical arrangements herein shewn and described for wind-
ing yarns or threads on to quills in the manner herein set forth, so as to admit
of the yarn or thread being drawn off (in the operation of weaving) with
uniform tension.
Second, I claim the mechanical arrangements above described for winding
taper or conical bobbins, whereby the thread as it is wound on to the bobbin
is made to cross and recross, and thus to lock each previous layer of thread.
which will thus be prevented from falling off the bobbin or getting entangled,
but can be drawn off with ease and regularity.
In witness whereof, I, the said Archibald Turner, have hereunto set my
hand and seal the Twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousaud eight hundred and sixty-five.
A. TURNER. L.S.)