IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING NAILS
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, MOSES
POOLE, of the Patent Office, London, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of Novem-
ber, in the twelfth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, givo and grant unto me, the said Moses Poole, my exors, admors,
and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Her said Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING NAILS;" being communicated to me from abroad;
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Moses
Poole, should cause a particular description of the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, referonce
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the

page_text: manner of performing the same, are fully described and ascertained in and by
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
The Invention consists of improvements in machinery for making nails.
The first character of the Invention is, improvements in machinery for
splitting the iron in pieces of the different sizes for the nails required. The
pieces of iron thus cut are to be placed whilst hot in a groove or receptacle in
the machine, and will be converted into rods or bars.
-I will first describe the preparatory machine, which is shewn in the Drawing
No. 1, at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4. It is well known that with the instruments
heretofore employed for splitting metal into rods, it has been possible to split
the iron to certain dimensions. In order to manufacture nails with advantage,
the machinery, according to this Invention, is arranged so as to serve for two
purposes, first to split, and then to shape the rods into parts suitable to be
formed into nails, retaining the original heat for the two processes, by reason 1
of the same machine performing the two processes in succession.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING No. I.
Figure 1 is an elevation of the preparatory machine. A, A, are the
supports; B, B, B³, the cylinders; b, the grooves to split the rods of iron; C,
the grooves which contain the moulds of the form of the nails; C₁ are the 2
grooves connected together; thus, one roller B acts on one side for splitting
the iron in conjunction with the roller B', whilst on the other side it acts with
the roller B to shape the bars; D is the wheelwork; E, a main shaft; F,
the fly wheel; G, the pulley; G¹, the free pulley; f, bolts with nuts to close
the cylinders or rollers; g, the screw and nuts. Figure 2 is an end view of 2
the machine; Figure 3 is the section of the rollers or cylinders B, B¹, B*; and
O is the rod of iron, part of which has passed and is converted into nail rods.
I will now describe the machinery for forming the heads of the nails and
for cutting them off, which is shewn in the Drawing No. 2, at Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5. Rods prepared by the machine above described, or similarly 30
prepared by machinery heretofore used for similar purposes, the workman
take them and places them in the machine, which I will now describe.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING No. 2.
A is the
Figure 1 is a plan of the machine; and Figure 2 an elevation.
main shaft; B, the fly wheel; C, the pulley; F is a block of metal, in which 35

page_text: which the cutters work.
The cutters are similar to what have before been
d is a press or
used, they do not therefore require to be fully shewn.
moveable matrix moved by the lever D, to which it is connected by the
strap V; d' is a fixed press; G is the table of the machine; G₁ are the
supports; K, the excentric which gives motion to the punch M; m, m, are
guides in which the punch slides; I are supports for the axis of the lever D;
J are the cutters; e are screws for regulating the pressure of the levers upon
the cutters; r is the eccentric cam which gives motion to the lever D; n are
cams to work the levers E; and n¹, cams to bring back the levers E; f,ƒ, the
axes of the levers E; P is a rod of iron, fixed to the punch by means of the
part p¹. The nuts q acting on the projection R regulates the length of the
course of the carriage. b is a carriage for conducting the rods of metal to the
matrixes and to the heading apparatus. This carriage slides in two V-guides
upon the table below the roller t, which serves when required to straighten the
rods of metal. It will be seen there is a plate of steel fixed on the table,
having a groove on its surface lengthways, into which are placed the nail rods.
When the carriage goes back, the spring click is raised; and when the
carriage advances, the click takes the rod of metal and pushes it into the press.
Figure 3 shews the matrixes, full size, in section for the particular nail shewn),
taken through the line a, b; Figure 4, a section through the line c, d; Figure 5
is a plan of the interior of the matrixes. The nature of these matrixes, and
tho effect they are to produce, will be easily understood; the lower one is fixed,
the upper one is moveable; they are shewn in the Drawing more separated
than they would be, so that the parts may be more clearly understood. It will
be easily understood that with the form of matrixes, and which constitutes the
novelty of this machine, that a rod of metal may be compressed either in a
hot or cold state without producing any roughness or fuis at the angles.
Drawing No. 3 shews the machine for manufacturing nails from hot metal.
The prepared nail rods are caused to be heated in a suitable furnace or retort
near to the machine; when hot the workman places them upon the carriage
and pushes them into the grooves or guides made in the fixed plate upon the
small carriage. This plate is changed for different sizes of nails. The rod of
metal is pushed forward in such manner as to be caught by the catch which
advances it, and the catch or click rises when the carriage goes back. The
rod of metal, it will be thus seen, will be pushed in between the matrixes,
which are, as will be seen in this Drawing, moved by the two levers D, which
receive motion from two cams placed upon the main shaft. The metal is first
compressed towards the point.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING No. 3.
Figure 1 shews a plan, and Figure 2 an elevation of the machine. A is the
table of the machine; B, the supports or uprights; C, the crank shaft, which
gives motion to the machine; D, the levers which gives motion to the
matrices; E, are the pressure cams, and F are the bringing back cams, they
thus working the levers D; F is the block of metal containing a groove in the
form of a slide, into which the matrixės work, and presses the nail between
them; g is a connecting rod, which receives motion from the crank shaft C,
and communicates motion to the lever g¹; I is the punch; K; the block of
metal, with a groove therein in which the punch slides; L are the bearings;
P, the pulley; P', the free pulley; h, the axis of the lever of the punch;
h¹ is a bolt which connects the lever and the punch; V is the fly wheel; a are
the matrixes; bare the pressure screws; b' are the bands which connect the
matrixes to the levers; 'c are bolts for holding down the block. F; d are the
axes of the levers D; dare nuts; R is the carriage; M, the connecting rod
which gives motion to the lever N through the rack work O, which works the
carriage; S is a rod of metal presented to the carriage; Q, roller for the
purpose of keeping down and straightening the rods; T is the screw presser ;
and U, the click or catch which moves forward the prepared nail rod, or
other means may be employed for advancing the nail rods. In this machine
the matrixes work horizontally.. Figures 3 and 4 are horizontal and vertical
section of 'them, and they are shewn full size. The cutters (are represented
by the letter Y in Figure 3 of 'the Drawing No. 3,) and they cut and form
a point to the nail in compressing it. To prevent the cutters from getting
blunt a projection is left on the 'side where the matrixes are adjusted, in order
that the two shoulders should bear upon them when the two cutters touch
which shews a machine for compressing the nails when cold. Figures 1
and 2 shew a plan and elevation of the same. This machine for compressing
the nails after the heads are made is very simple. A lever works a sliding
press, which I call a matrix, because it contains at the under part the design
of the form of nail required. The lower matrix is fixed when the upper
matrix is raised, 'as shewn at Figure 4; there is sufficient space to allow of the
introduction of the nail. The shoulder of the upper matrix rests upon the
side to prevent it from falling, and the matrix in descending brings it back
into the press. The workman who places the nail in pushes it forwards until

page_text: it touches the plate a, Figures 4 and 5, then the matrix descends and com-
presses the nail. The compression takes place first towards the point, and
the metal lengthens, and is successively pressed until the nail is finished. The
Figures 3, 4, 5 contain different views of the matrixes shewn full size. In
Figures 1 and 2, A is the table; B, the foot of the table; C, the lever; D,
the cam of the lever; d, the axis of the lever; F is the support of the lever
attached to the table; G is the main shaft; and H, the pulley; H', the free
pulley; I, the bearings; and K, the moveable matrix; K', the fixed matrix ;
Lis the plate with bolt to maintain the press matrix in the sliding piece;
J, the fly wheel.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that the Invention is not
confined to the precise details herein given, so long as the character of the
Invention be retained; but what I claim is, the mode of arranging a machine
for making nail rods by first splitting the metal and then shaping it as
described in respect to Drawing No. 1.
Secondly, I claim making nails by the use of matrixes, as described in
respect to Drawings Nos. 2 and 3, combined therewith the apparatus for
heading nails.
And, lastly, I claim the application of the machine described in respect to
Drawing No. 4.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
Enrolled the Seventh day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-nine.