IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYRES OR HOOPS FOR WHEELS AND OTHER ARTICLES TO BE MADE OF IRON OR STEEL
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMPSON
LLOYD, of Old Park Iron Works, Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of
March, in the tenth year of Her reign, (One thousand eight hundred and
forty-seven,) did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Sampson Lloyd, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Sampson
Lloyd, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Sampson
Lloyd, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in the Islands of
Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TYRES OR HOOPS FOR WHEELS AND OTHER ARTICLES TO BE MADE
OF IRON OR STEEL;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso,
obliging me, the said Sampson Lloyd, to particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and to cause

page_text: the same to be enrolled in IIer said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Sampson Lloyd, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon for that purpose, that is to say :—
My Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Tyres or Hoops
for Wheels and other Articles to be made of Iron or Steel" consists in
removing from the said articles when in a heated state, by means of a revolving
cutter or revolving cutters, the asperities or uneven surfaces caused by the
previous treatment to which the iron or steel is subjected in bending or form-
ing it into the required general shape, or which may exist upon such articles
from any other cause, whereby to a considerable extent, or entirely so, the
necessity of turning tyres or hoops of iron or steel in a lathe (when cold) is
dispensed with, and much time and labor saved.
I will now proceed to give a clear and explicit explanation of the machine
or apparatus which I consider best calculated for effecting the object of my
Invention.
Figure 1 is a view of the machine, partially in side elevation and partially
in section; Figure 2, a face view of the cutter block or cutter. Figures 3
and 4, plan views of certain parts, herein-after described and referred to,
and which may be distinguished by the marks of reference which appear
thereon.
The Drawing represents the machine or apparatus on a scale of an inch
and a half to a foot, and in each Figure thereof respectively the corresponding
portions are denoted by similar marks of reference.
A, marks the cylinder of a hydrostatic press, furnished, at its lower end with
a cylindrical stem a of smaller diameter; B, C, guide pieces, firmly attached
to one of two plates of iron D, D, which are bolted to and firmly brace the
brickwork or masonry E. The guide pieces B, C, embrace respectively the
cylinder A and the stem a (constituting the exterior of the press), and allow
a free rotatory motion of the press on its own axis, and a vertical motion
of the same (bodily) either in an upward or downward direction F, a
lever working on a fulcrum F*. The forked end f of this lever supports the
weight of the press, which has a recess or second stem upon the stem a,

page_text: forming a shoulder a*, which rests upon the said forked end of the lever F.
By means of this lever the vertical motion of the press is effected, whilst
the rotatory motion given to it by means herein-after referred to is not im-
peded. The power for working this lever is applied at its end ƒ by
turning the screw G, which works through a "screw nut" at the said end f*
of the lever. This end of the lever is also forked, and each of its prings
is furnished with a slot, being a path for the pins f³, f³, on the screw
nut (one only of which is shewn) to travel in, by which arrangement the
circular motion of the lever on its fulcrum is in no way impeded by the
necessarily rectilinear motion of the screw nut upon the screw G. This
screw is formed on the lower end of the rod or shaft G*, which passes
through the pillar G³, and may be turned by means of the small wheel G³,
which is fast upon the rod or shaft G*. The press is supplied with water.
for working it by force pumps (in the ordinary or any convenient manner)
through the feed pipe H, the end of which fits into a hole in the bottom of
the press, as shewn, and is maintained in this position (although subject to
and following its vertical motion) in the following manner:-I is a lever,
working on a pin or fulcrum i, fixed to a projection on the lower portion or
stem of the press; the short end of this lever is forked, and embraces a
collar h, fixed to or formed on the feed pipe H, and its other end is fur-
nished with a weight 1*, sufficient (according to the respective distances
of each end of the lever from its fulcrum) to counterbalance the gravity of the
feed pipe, and the pressure which it may be requisite to employ in the press.
The lever I and its weight 1 thus revolve with the press round the feed
pipe, the end of which is made valvular or conical, as represented in the
Drawing, and fits into a seat of corresponding form, in order to prevent the
escape of the water. k marks a sluice or passage for the pipe H to work in
when following the vertical motion of the press. This sluice or passage is
made in the brickwork or masonry K, which forms a foundation or support
for the parts next herein described. L is the driving shaft of the machine or
apparatus, working in bearings or standards M, N, bolted to the bed plate O,
which rests on the brickwork or masonry K. The shaft L is furnished with
"live" and "dead" pullies, as shewn, and motion is communicated thereto
from a steam engine or any suitable prime mover by a driving strap or band
P. Q is a cutter block or cutter (fixed on the shaft L), the distance of which
from its work (attached to the press, as herein-after described), and conse-
quently its action thereon is regulated by turning the small wheel R. by its
handle R. This wheel is fast upon the screw shaft S, which works through.
a correspondingly threaded female screw in the fixed bearing or standard M,

page_text: and is connected, as shewn, with the shaft L, to which the cutter block or
utter is attached. It is a small screw, by which the screw shaft is prevented
rom being turned by the rapid rotatory motion of the shaft L. This shaft
serves also to communicate a slow rotatory motion to the press in the following
manner: T is a small shaft, one end of which revolves in a bearing fixed to
the upper guide piece B of the press, and its other end is supported in the
shaft L, in which it slides, and which gives motion thereto by a feather or key
on the shaft T, fitting into a groove in the said shaft L; U is another shaft,
suitably supported in bearings; t and u pullies, fixed on the shafts T and U
respectively; *, a band or strap for communicating motion; and U (see
Figure 3), a worm on the shaft U, gearing with the worm wheel V, which
receives a slow rotatory motion therefrom. This wheel is formed on a hollow
cylinder V*, which rests upon the lower guide piece C of the press, and is'
furnished on its interior with feathers or keys v, v. These feathers or keys fit
corresponding grooves made on the exterior of the lowest portion of the press
itself, and thereby cause it to revolve simultaneously with the cylinder V* and
worm wheel V, and at the same time allow of (and in nowiso impede) its
vertical motion, herein-before described. The use and intention of the hydro-
static press is to expand annular segments for forming the work into the
required circular form, as is commonly practised, and thus at the same time
to firmly hold it whilst being operated upon by the revolving cutter block or
cutter. A marks what may be termed the bed plate of the press, resting on
the flange A².
The work represented in the Drawing as under operation is the tyre of a
railway wheel, and is marked W. X, X, (see Figure 4,) are the annular
segments, resting on the bed plate of the press, and which (when the work is
placed on the said bed plate in the position represented) are forcibly expanded
or pushed away from each other by the upward motion of the ram A³ (of the
press), the upper end of which is suitably shaped to effect this object. By
this means the work is firmly held upon the said annular segments, which are
prevented from being lifted off the bed plate A* (by the action of the ram) by
the plate Y resting on the said segments, and held down by the bolts and
nuts Z, Z, z, z.
In using this machine or apparatus, the press must be placed (bodily) in or
about the position represented in the Drawing. The tyre or other article after
being welded is then to be placed in a heated state upon the bed plate, where
it will be firmly held, as above described, and the machine set in action by
shifting the driving strap from off the "dead" pulley on to the "live" pulley,
whereby a slow rotatory motion will be given to the press, and with it to the

page_text: upon,
tyre or other article thereon, and a rapid rotatory motion to the cutter block
or cutter. The press and the work thereon is then gradually to be lowered,
and the cutter block or cutter adjusted to its work as required by the means
herein-before described. The cutter block or cutter will thus remove any
uneven surfaces or asperities which may exist upon the surface against which
it may be caused to act, and as the tyre or other article is slowly turned.
round every portion of its periphery will be similarly acted upon by the cutter
block or cutter, and thus to a great extent or entirely so the necessity for
turning it in a lathe when cold will be dispensed with, thereby effecting a
considerable economy in time and labour. I would here remark that in the
use of this machine or apparatus I consider that the cutter block or cutter
should be driven at a speed of about eight hundred revolutions per minute,
whilst the press with the work thereon should be driven at a speed of about
six revolutions per minute; but I do not confine myself to driving either the
one or the other at the speed mentioned, nor the two relatively at the speeds
respectively mentioned. And further, I would remark, that although in the
Drawing I have represented the tyre of a railway wheel as being operated
I do not confine myself to thus operating upon the tyres of railway
wheels only as the same operation may be performed upon any tyres or hoops
which may be required to be so treated by having cutter blocks or cutters of
a form corresponding with the contour on the periphery of the said tyres or
hoops. And also the same operation may be performed upon other articles
(when in a heated state), such as axle guards and buffer rods, whereby the
surfaces of the said articles may be rendered smooth. But in operating upon
these articles, or upon any flat or curved surfaces of bodies which are not
circular in their general form, a rectilinear or alternate rectilinear motion
must be substituted for the circular motion of the work above described.
And although I have represented in the Drawing and herein described only
one cutter block or cutter, I do not confine myself to the use of one only, as
it is very evident that two or more cutter blocks or cutters might be employed
by a suitably arranged combination of parts for that purpose; and the said
cutter blocks or cutters may be caused to act either in the same or different
directions, and upon the same or different surfaces of the work, as occasion
may require. And though the radial cutting edges of the cutter block or
cutter are represented as arranged in an annular manner, that is to say, not
extending to the centre, yet they may be extended to the centre of the cutter
block or cutter if the nature of the work to be operated upon should so
require.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in

page_text: which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be distinctly understood that
I do not claim as of my Invention any of the separate parts of the machine or
apparatus above described and referred to, neither do I claim the use of
expanding annular segments for the purpose of forming tyres or hoops of iron
or steel when in a heated state into a circular form, nor the use of a hydro-
static press for effecting this object; but I claim,-
Firstly, the use and application of a revolving cutter or revolving cutters to
tyres or hoops for wheels and other articles, to be made of iron or steel, when
such articles are in a heated state, for the purpose of removing therefrom any
uneven surfaces or asperities which may exist thereon.
And, secondly, the general combination and arrangement of parts con-
stituting a machine or apparatus for the above purpose, as herein-before
described, and represented in the Drawing hereunto belonging, and forming
part of my Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sampson Lloyd, have hereunto set my 1
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
SAMPSON (L.S.) LLOYD.,
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirteenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1847, the aforesaid Sampson Lloyd came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.