IMPROVED MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF MATERIAL FOR LINING FURNACES AND METALLURGIC VESSELS OR UTENSILS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Imray of N° 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
"
"A NEW OR
Lane, in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION
OF MATERIAL FOR LINING
FURNACES AND METALLURGIC VESSELS OR UTENSILS communicated to him
from abroad by Henri Rémaury and Ferdinand Valton, Engineers, both of
Paris in the Republic of France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Imray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th September 1883.
"
JOHN IMRAY of N° 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex "A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF MATERIAL
FOR LINING FURNACES AND METALLURGIC VESSELS OR UTENSILS [communicated
to him from abroad by Henri Rémaury and Ferdinand Valton, Engineers, both
of Paris in the Republic of France]
The lining of furnaces, converters and other metallurgic vessels or utensils
usually contains argillaceous or silicious inaterials when an acid lining is required,
or it contains alkaline earths and metallic oxides when a basic lining is desired.
Such linings are attacked more or less rapidly by fused metals and their oxides,
and by oxides of the metalloid impurities. The present invention relates to the
manufacture and application of a neutral lining material which resists to a great
extent chemical action and possesses great strength, hardness and durability. For
this purpose, the mineral known as chromic iron (fer chromé) is pulverised to the
condition of coarse sand and thoroughly mixed by pugging in slightly heated iron
vessels with from 6 to 12 per. cent. of the graphite or carbon deposit of gas retorts,
and with 6 to 12 per cent of tar, pitch or heavy oil. The mixture can be applied
directly as a lining by ramming it in its place with heated rammers. Or, when
lining bricks or blocks are required, the mixture being charged into moulds, these
are firmly closed and heated to a dull red so as to dissipate the fluid constituents
of the mixture, and, after cooling, the bricks or blocks are removed from the moulds
ready for use.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Imray in the Patent Office on the 12th March 1884.
"3
JOHN IMRAY of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the county of
Middlesex " A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF MATERIAL
A communication
FOR LINING FURNACES AND METALLURGIC VESSELS OR UTENSILS
to me from abroad by Henri Rémaury and Ferdinand Valton, Engineers, both of
Paris in the Republic of France
The lining of furnaces, converters and other metallurgic vessels or utensils
usually contains argillaceous or silicious materials when an acid lining is required,
or it contains alkaline earths and metallic oxides when a basic lining is desired.
Such linings are attacked more or less rapidly by the fused metals or by their
oxides, the latter forming with the acid linings very liquid slags that cause rapid
deterioration while the basic linings are attacked by the oxides of the metalloids,
such as the silicon, sulphur and phosphorus contained in the fused metal.
The present invention relates to the manufacture and application of a neutral
lining material that resists to a great extent the before mentioned chemical action,
and which is of a very refractory and durable nature.
For this purpose, the mineral known as chromic iron (fer chrome) is employed,
being, in fact, practically infusible, and only imperfectly reduced by solid or gaseous
reducing agents, while it only oxidises superficially under the influence of oxidising
agents. The small quantity of gangue which it contains, composed mainly of quartz
and silicate of lime, and magnesia, only softens at high temperatures thereby
ensuring the cohesion of the mineral itself. The neutral lining is prepared as
follows:-
The chromic iron is pulverised to the condition of coarse sand and is thoroughly
mixed in slightly heated iron pans with from 6 to 12 per cent of the graphite or
carbon deposit of gas retorts, and with from 6 to 12 per cent of tar, pitch or
heavy oil.
This compound can then be applied directly as a lining by ramming it in its
place with heated rammers, either to Bessemer converters, or to the beds of steel
furnaces of Siemens, Martin, and others as also of other furnaces in which cast
iron, steel or wrought iron are produced or treated in a liquid state. The compound
can also be formed into bricks, for which purpose it is rammed firmly into iron
moulds which are then raised to a dark red heat in a furnace, whereby the liquid
and gaseous constituents are eliminated; after cooling, the bricks are removed
from the moulds, and can then be employed for linings. The Bessemer converters
and furnace beds provided with such linings have the requisite additions of oxide
of iron, lime or dolomite. After one or two operations, they become exceedingly
hard, and withstand effectually both the mechanical and the chemical action to
which they are subjected.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents,
I claim :-
The use of chromic iron as neutral lining for furnaces or apparatus in which
cast iron steel or wrought iron are produced or treated in a liquid or semi-liquid
state.
In Witness whereof, I the said John Imray have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Twelfth day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand, eight