A NEW OR IMPROVED LATHE OR MACHINE TOOL COMBINING A SCREW CUTTING LATHE, SHAPING MACHINE, DRILL, FRET 1
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Arthur Armstrong of Blackheath in the County of
Kent for an Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED LATHE OR MACHINE TOOL
COMBINING A SCREW CUTTING LATHE, SHAPING MACHINE, DRILL, FRET
1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Arthur Armstrong
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1881.
JOHN ARTHUR ARMSTRONG of Blackheath in the County. of Kent. "A NEW
OR IMPROVED, LATHE OR MACHINE TOOL, COMBINING A SCREW CUTTING LATHE,
SHAPING MACHINE, DRILL, FRET SAW AND OTHER USEFUL TOOLS
APPLIANCES."
OR
According to my Invention I use an attachment consisting of a series of geared
wheels carried by a frame which can be readily fixed to the slide rest saddle the
said geared wheels are actuated by a shaft between the lathe centres and which
passes through collars in the geared wheels provided with key way and feathers
and may be driven in the same manner as the lathe. One of the geared wheels is
fitted with an adjusting crank pin which may be used to give a direct reciprocating
motion by a connecting bar to the lower slide of the slide rest, but by preference
actuates a vertical vibrating slotted lever to produce a quick return stroke to the
shaping arrangement by means of a connecting link or toothed sector and rack; in
combination with the above may be added a vertical drill of any suitable con-
struction and the slotted lever and crank pin be arranged to provide an adjustable
self acting feed to the drill; the vibrating slotted lever may also be fitted with
arms to actuate a fret saw.
I fit a hinge block with tool holder above or recessed into the top plate of the
upper slide of the rest so as to clear the tool when this part of the slide rest is
used for shaping purposes, and also the special adaption of the slide rest to the
purposes of a shaping machine.
The lathe bed, standards, and leading screw in combination may be adapted for
providing a suitable bed, work table support and self acting traversing and

page_text: circular feed for the shaping apparatus and vertical drill. The work table in small
lathes may be carried by one of the standar is or a separate support be provided,
the traverse feed is obtained by the leading screw traversing the saddle and
appliances along the bed, a circular feed is obtained from a worm wheel actuated
by the leading screw which may also be the hand quick traversing gear, an
intermittent adjustable feed may conveniently be transmitted through the quadrant
and change wheels to the leading screw by a wiper or toothed sector on the lathe
mandril or gear.
For the economical production of light and cheap machines embracing these
combinations, I employ a simple single form of lathe bed in which the back centre
is clamped to the bed by block neatly fitted to its under surface, which grasps the
level edges of the bed the said block having a vertical bearing in a slotted way
across a part of the foot of the back centre so that the back centre may be shifted
or slided sideways for cone turning (and set by adjusting screws if required) the
whole being firmly clamped together by a bolt and nut, the mandril head may
conveniently be in one casting with the bed. The slide rest is designed with a
long lower slide with a block at one end in which two large holes are drilled
crossing each other vertically and horizontally, the upper slide being mounted on a
socket can be quickly set horiz ntal or vertical in these holes and held firm in
either position by a stout pinching screw, or the hand rest may be substituted for
the upper slide of the rest, a rack is cast on the upper surface of the main slide
which is actuated by the toothed sector of the attachment when used as a shaping
machine.
As supplementary combinations, the quadrant plate below the upper slide of the
slide rest may be made as a worm wheel of suitable size and pitch and if fitted
with a tangent screw will be useful for some sorts of spherical turning and curves
in the shaping machine; the upper slide of the slide rest thus fitted may be used
as a convenient small mechanical table for use with the vertical drill with which a
great deal of ornamental and milling work can be done if further an excentric
cutting frame be fitted to the drill and the mechanical table be rotated by pro-
ducing the axle of the tangent screw so as to gear with the leading screw or by
other means of rotation excentric and geometric patterns can be produced.
A simplification suitable to a light form of lathe in which the upper slide and
the work it carries is mounted on a bevel wheel which fits the socket hole of the
bracket of the work table and is rotated by another bevel wheel or by the worm
and screw motion. The bracket head may be pivoted and by a clamping screw,
the work can be held vertical horizontal or at any inclination whilst being rotated
by the level and worm wheel working loose on the collar of the bracket and driven
by tangent screw. Spirals can also be cut or drilled if the drill be traversed as the
work rotates.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said John Arthur Armstrong
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th June 1882.
JOHN ARTHUR ARMSTRONG of Blackheath in the County of Kent. "A NEW
OR IMPROVED LATHE OR MACHINE TOOL COMBINING A SCREW CUTTING LATHE,
SHAPING MACHINE, DRILL, FRET SAW, AND OTHER USEFUL TOOLS OR
APPLIANCES."
This Invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
Drawings. Figure 1 is a perspective view of my combination lathe arranged as a
shaping machine and Figure 2 a detail view of drill attachment to the saddle.
Figure 3 illustrates the traversing vertical drill and Figure 4 shows an adaptation
of the machine as a fret saw. Figure 5 shows a modified arrangement of
combination lathe and Figure 6 detail view of the slide rest therefor. Figures 7
to 15 show various modifications and details.
According to my Invention and as shown on the above named Drawings in
Figures 1 to 7, I use an attachment consisting of a series of geared wheels such
as A A¹ A carried by a frame B which can be readily fixed to the slide rest
saddle C as seen most clearly in Figure 2; the said geared wheels are actuated by
a shaft D between the lathe centres E and which passes through collars in the
geared wheels and is provided with key way and feather and may be driven in
the same manner as the lathe itself; one of the geared wheels viz. A¹ is fitted with
an adjusting crank pin F which may be used to give a direct reciprocating motion
by a connecting bar to the lower slide of the slide rest but by preference actuates
a vertical vibrating slotted lever F in the manner shown in Figure 1 to produce
a quick return stroke to the shaping arrangement by means of a connecting
link G or by means of a toothed sector F2 and rack G' as shown in Figures 5
and G. In combination with the above may be added a vertical drill of any
suitable construction and the slotted lever Ft Figure 1 or F2 Figure 5 and crank
pin F be arranged as shown in the Drawings, to provide an adjustable self acting
feed to the drill; for this purpose there is a pawl lever H jointed to the upper end
of the slotted lever F¹ or F2 the pawl acting on pawl teeth on a nut wheel H' on
the drill spindle I.
The vibrating slotted lever F¹ may also be fitted with arms K K' as shown in
Figure 4 to actuate a fret saw L.
Referring again to Figures 1 and 5 I fit a hinge block M with tool holder m
above or recessed into the top plate M¹ of the upper slide of the slide rest so as to
clear the tool when this part of the slide rest is used for shaping purposes and the
other special adaptations of the slide rest to the purposes of a shaping machine
are shown in the Drawings. I adapt the lathe bed N standards N' and leading
screw n in combination for the production of a suitable bed work table support
and self acting traversing and circular feed for the shaping apparatus and vertical
drill after the manner shown in the Drawings. The work table O in small lathes
may be carried by one of the standards Ni in the position shown in Figures 1
and or a separate support may be provided for the work table.
.
An
The traverse feed is obtained by the leading screw traversing the saddle and
appliances along the bed. A circular feed is obtained from a worm wheel actuated
by the leading screw which may also be the hand quick traversing gear.
intermittent adjustable feed may conveniently be transmitted through the quadrant
and change wheels to the leading screw by a wiper or toothed sector on the lathe
mandril or gearing as will be easily understood by any one familiar with ordinary
self acting and other lathes.
1

page_text: For the economical production of light and cheap machines suitable to amateurs
and embracing these combinations with others, I use the adaptation shown in
Figure 5 of a simple single I form of lathe bed N in which the back centre P is
clamped to the bed by a block p neatly fitted to its under surface which grasps the
edges of the bed N this block p has a vertical bearing or stem in a slotted way
across a part of the foot of the back centre P so that the back centre may be
shifted or slided sideways for taper turning (and set by adjusting screws if
required) the whole being firmly clamped together by a bolt and nut p¹ as shown
in the Drawing. The mandril head may conveniently be in one casting with the
bed. The slide rest is shown separately at Figure 6 it is designed with a long
lower slide G2 which has a block at one end in which two large holes are drilled
crossing each other vertically and horizontally (the vertical hole is shown in dotted
lines ;) the upper slide G³ is mounted on a shank fitting into either of the sa:d
holes and can be quickly set up in either position as shown in Figures 5 and 6
and held firmly by the punching screw. The hand T rest and fret screw saw table
may be substituted for the upper slide and be adjusted for height in the vertical
hole G is the rack already referred to it is cast on the upper surface of the main
slide G2 which is actuated by the toothed sector of the attachment F as shown in
Figures 5 and 6 when used as a shaping machine.
I will now describe some supplementary combinations and firstly with reference
to Figure 10.
The quadrant plate below the upper slide of the rest may be made as a worm
wheel of suitable size and pitch and if fitted with a tangent screw will be
useful for some sorts of spherical turning and curves in the shaping machine. I
also use the upper slide of the slide rest thus fitted as a convenient small
mechanical table for use with the vertical drill as also shown in Figure 10 with
which a great deal of ornamental and milling work can be done; if further an
excentric cutter or cutting frame be fitted to the drill and the mechanical table be
rotated by prolonging the axle of the tangent screw Q' as shown at Figure 8 so
as to gear with the leading screw or by other means of rotation I can produce
excentric and geometric patterns. A simplification suitable to the light form of
lathe described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 is shown in Figure 7 in which
the upper slide R is mounted on a bevil wheel R¹ which has a lower prolongation
that fits the socket head or bracket N2 of the work table the bevil wheel R' is
rotated by another bevil wheel R². Still more completely the bracket or socket
head N of the work table may as shown in Figure 9 be male to pivot in a hole
formed through a boss cast on the standard N' and held firmly therein by a
clamping screw and nut n' the work will thus be held vertical horizontal or at
any inclination in the upper slide of the slide rest whilst this latter is rotated by a
pair of bevil wheels S and S' of which the latter runs loose on a shoulder or collar
of the socket and is driven by a worm wheel S2 and tangent screw s; with these
appliances spirals may also be cut if the drill be traversed as the work rotates,
also the work known as engine turning used on watch cases.
Figure 11 shows an adaptation of the principles already described to small and
simple lathes; in this arrangement the rack G is cast on the side of the lower or
main slide of the slide rest; and the upper slide M' is shown as set vertically on
the box like face of the lower slide when its leading screw bas been removed. The
shaper is actuated by a lever T and pinion T or toothed sector which gears with
the rack G' on the slide the pinion T works on a stout vertical bolt or axis t
which is fitted to a lug on the body of the slide rest; the slide rest itself is adjusted
to slide tightly along the bed of the lathe and the head of the vertical bolt t is
screwed or otherwise connected to the spindle of the back centre P so that the
back centre can be used as a means to traverse the slide rest along the bed by the
left hand whilst the right hand actuates the shaper by the lever T.
Figure 12
shows a moveable form of rack G¹ and end flange or bracket g to carry the upper
slide in a vertical position. Figure 11 shows the same arrangement but fitted
with parallel vice. Figures 13 and 14 also show modifications of the pinion or

page_text: toothed sector with different forms of attachment to suit ordinary patterns of slide
rests. Figure 15 shows a hinged or pivoted tool holder to take the place of
a pivoted block where such a one cannot conveniently be arranged on the slide
rest.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention I declare
that I claim
First The combination of parts forming the improved combined lathe shaping
machine drilling machine ornamental drilling machine and fret saw or two or
more of them substantially as described and as shown on the accompanying
Drawings.
Second: The combination of parts forming the shaping machines all constructed
and actuated substantially as described and as shown on the Drawings.
Third: The combination of parts forming the drilling machine and also the
combinations of parts for adapting it to fret saw work and for adapting it to
traversing drill work and to ornamental or scroll work all constructed and actuated
substantially as described and as shown on the Drawings.
In witness whereof I the said John Arthur Armstrong have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Twenty third day of November in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
J. A. ARMSTRONG. (L.S.)