IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING TOOL HOLDERS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Paterson Smith, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING
TOOL HOLDERS."
Sealed the 1st December 1876, and dated the 12th July 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Paterson Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1876.
JOHN PATERSON SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING TOOL HOLDERS."
The object kept in view in the perfecting of my present Invention has been to
provide a holder which shall allow of cutting tools being so placed and secured or
held therein as to make front, angular, and side cuts. I construct or form a holder
with ways, passages, recesses, and spaces at the desired angles or in the desired
directions in such manner that a tool or tools can be quickly transferred from one
way, passage, or recess to another, or another tool or tools can be substituted. The
cutting tools are secured in position in the ways, passages, or recesses by locking
wedges or their equivalents.
I prefer that each tool should be capable of being adjusted and secured in every
way, passage, or recess, and that the same wedge or wedges, or their equivalents,
should be applicable to the securing of all such tools. The direction of the ways,.
passages, or recesses is such that a tool or tools fitted therein will at pleasure cut in
front, at the right and left sides, angularly, upwards, downwards, and sideways.
A tool holder having two or more ways or passages constructed and arranged as
above described is the leading feature of my Invention.
One modification of a tool constructed under my Invention is shown in side
elevation, plan, and end elevation by Figs. 1, 2, and 3 on the accompanying Sheet.
of Drawings. Here a is the recess to receive the tool x for making the end cut;
b, ways for side cuts; and c, passages for angular cuts. 20 show the wedges placed.
crosswise for holding the tool x securely in position.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Paterson Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
January 1877.
JOHN PATERSON SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING TOOL HOLDERS."
The object kept in view in the perfecting of my present Invention has been to
provide a holder which shall allow of cutting tools being so placed and secured or
held therein as to make front, angular, and side cuts. I construct or form a holder
with ways, passages, recesses, and spaces at the desired angles or in the desired
directions in such mauner that a tool or tools can be quickly transferred from ono
way, passage, or recess to another, or another tool or tools can be substituted. The
cutting tools are secured in position in the ways, passages, or recesses, by locking
wedges or their equivalents.
I prefer that each tool should be capable of being adjusted and secured in every
way, passage, or recess, and that the same wedge or wedges, or their equivalents
should be applicable to the securing of all such tools. The direction of the ways,
passages, or recesses is such that a tool or tools fitted therein will at pleasure cut in
front, at the right and left sides, angularly, upwards, downwards, and sideways.
A tool holder having two or more ways or passages, constructed and arranged as
above described, is the leading feature of my Invention,
In order more fully to explain the construction and manner of using my improved
tool holder reference is made to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a plan, and Fig. 3 an end elevation of holder
with tool fixed by the cross wedges in position for end cuts.
Fig. 4 shows a tool fixed in one of the angle slots or channels c by the wedge w
in the line of the tool; but the tool may be secured by the wedge placed across the
tool through the other angle, slot, or channel. This position of the tool is suitable
for boring, cutting out angles, and planing vertical cuts. For left-hand work the
tool is changed to the other angular slot or channel.
Fig. 5 shows tools fixed in each of the cross slots or channels adapted to running
up a side cut, the foremost tool doing the roughing cut, the following tool the
finishing cut. This position of the tools is recommended for all open side cutting
and boring out through and through holes and planing vertical cuts where the end
of the holder can have clearance.
Fig. 6 is a holder with tool suitable for screw cutting fixed in position.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a tool holder bent so as to adapt it to the require-
ment of some of the existing planing machines and lathes. By bending the body,
as shown, the cutting edge is brought into proper position.
Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10 are full sized end elevations of holders and tools of the
dimensions found most convenient in practice.
Fig. 11 shows the section of steel and also the section of wedge I prefer to use
when the tool is secured by the wedge in the line of tool. When the securing
wedge has to be placed across the line of tool the wedge is made semicircular in
section, and a packing piece introduced to fill up the angle between it and the tool.
Fig. 12 is a template, useful as a guide in grinding to form and sharpening tools
of the form and size I have found most useful in practice. The same template will
answer for right and left handed tools, as will be obvious. The tools marked u¹, u³,
us, and ut arc of a form suitable for front, angular, and side cuts, and applicable to
most kinds of circular and flat work. The tools marked v1, v2, v3, and v³ are suitable
for roughing and finishing end and side cuts.
I would point out that in forming and sharpening tools it is desirable to proceed
in the following manner :-First, grind the angle of clearance on the front end of
the tool; second, grind the forin of face required for the particular work; and,
lastly, grind the cutting angle.
Although I prefer the direct application of a wedge as a means for securing a tool

page_text: in my holder, it being the most simple and easily applied, it will be evident that
such wedge or its equivalent may be variously used; thus, a simple wedge (serrated
or smoothe), or a cam or screw may be made the means of tightening a buckle made
to surround the holder and rest on the top of the tool as shown in Fig. 13. When
the section of steel is of the forin shown in Fig. 11, or when the tool does not reach
the top of the holder, a packing piece may be introduced. Or again, when the
tools are used in the two side slots they may be easily fixed by a clamp formed to
press against the top of tools, and having a shank passing down between the tools
and through the bottom of holder. This clamp may be tightened up by a wedge or
screw, Fig. 14.
The tools may also be firmly fixed in either end of the holder by means of a lever
hinged at one end to the holder, while the other end is pressed down by a cam or
wedge, and the lower side of the lever which is suitably formed made to secure the
tools, as shown by Fig. 15. The lever may be jointed at either end. A wedge
could be introduced at the middle of the lever if desirable.
Having now described the nature of my said said Invention, and particularized
the same so that others will be enabled to make and advantageously prepare and
use my said improvements, I claim, tool holders substantially as described for the
purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Paterson Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Tenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
J. P. SMITH. (L.S.)