Improvements in Churns.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 24th Sept., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Churns.
I, JOHN MCDOWELL, of Barnhill, Larne, in the County of Antrim, Ireland
retired Grocer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
My said invention has for its object to improve and simplify the construction of
churns, and while increasing their efficiency to render them capable of being worked
easily and with little labor.
My improved machine consists of a churning box of simple form provided
internally with gratings, or sets of bars, or corrugations, and is mounted, by
trunnions fixed to its sides, upon a pair of standards. The milk to be churned is
put into this box, which is then rocked on its trunnions by hand or other means.
The rocking motion causes the milk to surge froin end to end of the box, the weight
of the milk which goes to each end alternately being counterbalanced by a weight
attached to the bottom of the box by rods.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, I hereunto append a sheet of explanatory drawings
showing a simple example of my improved churn.
Figure, 1, of the drawings is a longitudinal vertical section, Figure, 2, is an end
elevation, and Figure, 3, is a side cleration showing the churning box with one
end raised. In these drawings the same reference letters and numerals are used to
mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
As shown in the drawings my improved churn consists of a box, A, of an oblong
rectangular, or other simple, similar form, mounted by means of trunnions, B, fixed
to its longer sides, upon a pair of standards, C, which are preferably made of cast
iron, and of an ornamental contour with longitudinally extended bases. The churn
is worked by rocking the box, A on its trunnions, B, by hand, or it might be by
a steam engine or other motor, when the machine is of large size. The milk put
into the box, is, by the motion, made to surge from end to end, but the weight of
the milk going to each end alternately is prevented from requiring extra lifting
force for the return movements by the action of a counterpoise, which consists of
a suitable weight, D, situated below the middle of the box (when horizontal) and
attached to the box by rods, H. When one end of the box, A, is lowered and its
contents descend to that end the counterpoise, D, is by the same movement, turned
towards the other end and counterbalances or partly counterbalances the weight
of the contents. Struts, E, are hinged to the standards, C, and can be turned up
when wished to hold the box, A, in a horizontal position. Small bosses, F, are
formed on the bottom of the box, A, and are recessed so as to receive the ends of
the struts, E. A pin, G, fixed in the base of the standards, C, is employed to carry
the end of the strut, E, when it is not in operation.
The box, A, is provided internally with removable gratings or sets of bars, J,
which are held in position by projections, M, M', and pins, M2, at or near the ends
of the box and against and through them the milk rushes when the box is rocked,
the churning action being thereby rendered very efficient. The box, A., is provided
with a cover, K, of wood or other suitable material, a part, P', of which is made
easily removable and can be closed and secured by buttons, L, the other parts
being permanently fixed. Angular pieces, Q, are fixed internally to the cover, K,
to deflect the milk downwards as it is thrown from either side by the rocking
motion. A hole, N, formed in the bottom of the box, A, is provided for draining
off the butter milk.
Holes, R, formed in the middle part, P, of the cover, K, and which may be

page_text: or party covered by buttons, >, are provided to admit air to the interior or
the churning box, A.
My improved apparatus herein described as for churning can also be advan-
tageously used for washing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting my improved churn
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and as shown in the
accompanying drawings.
2. In churns a box mounted by trunnions on standards and having attached to
it a weight arranged to counterbalance or partly counterbalance the descent of the
contents to either end of the box when it is rocked, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Dated this Nineteenth day of August 1892
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.