IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CERTAIN KINDS OF CLOTH
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HILL, of Hulme, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria did, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Third day of June,
in the tenth year of Her reign, give and grant unto me, my exors, admors,
and assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said John Hill, my exors, admors, and assigns, should and
lawfully might, during the term of fourteen years therein mentioned, make,
use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Her Majesty's United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING CERTAIN KINDS OF CLOTH;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that if I, the said John Hill, should not par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's Iligh
Court of Chancery within six calendar months then next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent, then that the said Letters Patent, and
all liberties and advantages thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine,
and become void, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear:

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Hill, do hereby declare. the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following Statement and Description, reference being
had to the Drawings on three Sheets hereunto annexed.
My Invention consists,―
First, in a novel arrangement and application of parts of a loom in which
pile fabrics are, woven, so that in operating with such loom a thread of weft
to form a part of the cloth, and when required a wire to raise a row or line of
the pile of the cloth, may be simultaneously introduced each into a shed or
opening made for it in the warp, whereby a great saving of time is effected
over the practice of introducing a weft thread of the cloth and a wire to raise
a row or line of the pile of the cloth at separate and successive times.
Secondly, in actuating the lever by which the grooved rod for carrying the
wire into the warp is made to pass into the shed or opening of the warp by
means of a crank, intermittent wheel; and disc, and parts connected therewith,
as herein-after.described.
And,, lastly, in withdrawing the wires from the pile of the cloth, and depor
siting them in the feeding apparatus by suitable mechanical means, or
annaratus.

page_text: quently makes two revolutions for one revolution of the wiper shaft, one end
of which extends sufficiently beyond- the loom side to serve as a fulcrum' for'
the tappets e to work loose upon. These tappets are bolted to and revolve
with the wheel-g. also placed loose on the projecting; end of the wiper shaft,
and which is driven by the pinion ƒ fixed on the crank shaft; and as the
pinion f and wheel are in the proportion of one to four, the tappets conse
quently perform one' revolution for four revolutions of the crank shaft. The
treadles h are elevated and depressed by elevations and depressions in the
tappet plates e, and are connected by strong wires to the top jacks' i and
bottom jacks' k, to which the heddles are attached in the usual! manner. The
elevations and depressions in the tappet plates'e are so proportioned that the
wärps will be in the position shewn in Figure 3 at the return of every alter-
nate stroke of the lay or bätten, at which time the shuttle is thrown' along the
lower shed; and the wire is passed into the upper shed of the warps!
Upon the
shaft d is-an-intermittent wheel secured to that shaft by two set screws, and
which gives motion to the lever's for bringing the wire into the shed- of the!
warp! The intermittent wheel has two pins on' its face, which' take into
slots' provided in the discm. This disc has four slots placed at right angles
to each other, and every time the wheel-makes one revolution it moves the disc
mhalf round: The bevil: wheel!n, seen' in' Figure 2; and by dotted lines in
Figures: 1 and 3; is fixed on the boss of the disè m and drives the bevil pinion
o, which has only half as many teeth as the wheel'n, and' consequently makes³
twice as many revolutions in a given time. p is a shaft on which the pinion'
o-is fixed; and is a crank-on the same shaft. A-stud' is fixed in' the crank-q,
and fits into a hole in the end of the connecting rodir, which extends' from-
the crank g to the lever's, tlie fülcrum of which is a studs fastened in' the'
continuation of the fulcrum of the lay or bätten. The upper extremity' of the
lever: s'is' connected with the grooved röd t; which carries the wire, as: lërein-
after described by the bent link-u (see Figure 1) and passes the röd'into
and out of the shed at every second revolution of the crankshaft'a! The
advantages obtained by the use of the intermittent wheel' and crank-q, hëreiti-
before described are; that the speed of the grooved röd³t, as it passes into the
warps; increases from the commencement of the stroke until near the centre'
of the same; the speed then diminishes until the rod has arrived at the'end'
of the stroke; at this point- the grooved-röd is-almost in a state of rest, nha³
the wire is delivered from it into the warps' by the grooved-rod turning on² its'
centre; as herein-after described! The grooved' rod is withdrawn from the
warps at the same varying speed as it enters. The crank, as is" well-known!.
produces alone a varying speed when the effect of its motion is reduced to ac
9

page_text: straight line; but this action is very much increased when the crank is used
in combination with the intermittent wheel and disc I have described.
:
In Figures 1 and 2, 44 represents a part of the lay to which are affixed
two carriers which support the spindle 45. Upon this spindle works the
moveable bearer 46, which I make of buffalo hide. The opposite end of the
moveable bearer works in a slot in the lay at 47. In this moveable bearer
46 is a circular hole in which part of the grooved rod t is permitted to move
in a circular but not in a lateral direction.
The construction of the rod is shewn detached at Figure 3*. t represents
the grooved rod, in which are two grooves, best seen in Figure 4*. One
groove runs in a straight line on the top of the rod, and is sufficiently long and
capacious to receive a wire, so that it may be conveyed therein and be depo-
sited by the rod in the warp. The other groove runs in the side of the rod,
as seen in Figure 3* (in dotted lines) and in Figure 4*, and is curved partly
round the rod at one end, as seen in Figures 1 and 3*. Into this latter
groove a stud 48 projects, which passes through a carrier fixed to the lay, and
through the side of the central bearer of the rod, into the curved groove.
When motion is given to the rod from the intermittent wheel 7 (see Figures 2
and 3) by the means before described, the rod is passed thereby into the warp,
carrying with it a wire in the groove on its top side; but when the curved end
of the lateral groove reaches to and is passed against the stud, the rod is
thereby sufficiently turned to admit of the wire falling from it into the warp,
where it is left to be struck up into the cloth by the lay. The wire is
governed to its proper position in the warp during its fall from the rod by the
two guard plates 49, which are fixed to the lay. The rod is drawn back to
the position from which it started by the lever s, and in its passage backwards
the stud 48, which works in the curved groove, turns the rod back, so that
the straight groove in the rod returns to the top side again ready to receive
another wire from its feeding apparatus. 52 represents a number of wires in
the feeding apparatus ready to be dropped one by one, as required, into the
wire guides 12, and through those guides into the straight groove of the rod t.
At the lower side of the feeding apparatus are three ratchet wheels 1, 2, and 3,
united together. These wheels move freely upon a pivot fixed to the feeding
apparatus, and they are set in motion by a bent lever 4, with a catch 5, united
to the top side of it, which catch takes into the teeth of the outer wheel 3.
This wheel has twice the number of teeth that the two inner wheels 1 and 2
have. The teeth of all the wheels are of the same length on the surface.
After each tooth on each of the inner wheels a space is left of the length of
one tooth of the wheel 3. Each tooth of the wheel 1 is in a line with one

page_text: tooth of the outer wheel 3, and each tooth of the middle wheel 2 is also in
a line with another tooth of the outer wheel 3, but is placed one tooth behind
that of the wheel 1, and consequently in a line with a space on that wheel.
The same succession continues round the entire peripheries of the wheels.
Two bent levers 9 and 50, which are fixed on two shafts 10 and 51 (see
Figure 1) fall upon the surface of the two wheels 1 and 2, one on each.
Upon the shaft 10 are also fixed two bent levers 7, 7, and upon the shaft 51
two bent levers 6, 6. The two levers 7 pass under the lowest wire, and the
two levers 6 pass over the lowest wire and under all the rest, see Figure 1.
The levers 9 and 50 are held against the ratchet wheels 1 and 2 by springs
9* and 50*, the ends of which are fastened to a bracket 60 projecting from
the feeding apparatus. When the lay is moved back from the cloth after
each blow of the reed against the cloth, it forces back the bent lever 4 such
a distance as enables the catch on its upper side to force the wheel 3, on
which it works, one tooth of a revolution. At every alternate return of the
lay from the cloth, one of the teeth on the middle wheel 2 forces back and
passes under the end of the lever 9, and the levers 7 fixed on the same shaft
are also forced back so that the bottom wire falls through the wire guides.
The next stroke of the lay acts in the same way on the lever 50; and througli
the shaft 51 and levers 6, the lowest wire in the receiver is allowed to drop
sufficiently to be caught by the levers 7, ready to be liberated by the next
stroke of the lay. The wire, when so liberated, falls on and rests for a short
time on the supporters. 11, in the position shown by a dotted line at 13 in
Figure 1, and is held by them until, as the lay advances towards the cloth,
the funnel-shaped guides 12 push the wire off the supporters 11, and conduct
it into the groove of the rod t. The supporters 11 are found very useful, as
they prevent the wires from falling too suddenly into the groove of the rod,
from which they might rebound if they were not checked in their descent
ás aforesaid. I have given the foregoing full description of the grooved rod
for carrying the wire and the apparatus for feeding it with the wires, in order
to the better understanding of my present Invention; but I wish it to be
understood that the same form no part of such Invention. I have described
the intermittent wheel and disc, and connecting apparatus, as adapted to cases
where a wire is intended to be introduced into the warp with every second
shoot of the weft; but if a wire is to be introduced at any greater intervals,
the proportions and arrangement of the intermittent wheel and disc and m,
the bevil wheel and pinion n and o, the tappets e, and the wheel and pinion
fand 9. and the number and arrangement of the teeth on the ratchet wheels

page_text: 1, 2, and 3 respectively, must be altered to adapt them to the effect required
to be produced. These and any other requisite alterations for this purpose
will be easily effected by any competent mechanic. The warps are wound on
beams and placed at the back of the loom, as seen in the Drawings A
and B, representing the beams for the threads forming the foundation of the
cloth, and C, the warp which forms the surface of the cloth. The taking-up
motion for winding the cloth on to the roller D is constructed in the following
manner-On the wiper shaft d is keyed a mitre pinion u*, gearing into a
similar pinion fixed on the shaft v, at the extremity of which is a crank v* for
actuating the ratchet wheel w by means of a connecting rod and click y,
as seen best in Figure 1. The breast roller. Ę is covered with strong wire cards
for the purpose of taking a good hold of the cloth. On one end of the shaft
of the breast roller is fixed a worm wheel F, which is turned round through a
small part of a revolution by the worm z, every time that the click y acts on
the ratchet wheel w. The receiving roller D is driven round from the breast
roller E by a crossed strap D* passing over pulleys on their respective shafts.
The loom sides, the picking motion, the stopping and starting apparatus,. and
the gearing for communicating motion from one part of the loom to the other,
are shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and do not require further
explanation, forming no part of my Invention, and being well understood by
parties conversant with looms. The warp beam A being placed near the
ground cannot be weighted in the same manner as the beams B and C, the
requisite tension is therefore given to the warps wound upon it by the weighted
lever 14, to which is attached one end of a chain that passes three times round
the drum 15, and then is made fast to a spiral spring 15*, the other end of
which is secured to a pin on the loom side, as shewn in dotted lines in
Figure 3. The drum 15 is fixed on a shaft 16, and on the same, shaft is
also fixed the wheel 17, taking into a wheel 18 on the shaft of the warp beam
A, thus establishing the communication between the weight lever 14 and the
beam A, and giving the required tension to the warp.
:
I have now described the various parts of the loom, with the feeding appa-
ratus for supplying the wires and introducing them into the shed of the warps,
from which, according to the method now in common use, they would have to
be withdrawn by hand.
I will now proceed to describe the mechanism that I use for withdrawing
the wires that have been woven into the cloth.
Sheet 3 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
ratus are put in motion by a crank 19 on the
This mechanism is drawn on
The various parts of this appa-
shaft v (which crank, for the

page_text: As
sake of distinctness, I have not represented in the Drawings on Sheets 1
and 2), or by any other convenient moving part of the loom. The connecting
rod 20 reaches from the crank, 19 to the lever 21, which moves on a stud 22
fixed to a light frame, 23 bolted to the loom side. The upper end of the
lever 21 is provided with a long slot, in which slides a bush 24, fitting on &
pin secured to the plate 25, and this plate forms at one end the lower jaw
of the nippers which pull the wires out of the fabric. The plate 25 slides
on the horizontal flat bar 26, and is held on it by the two bridles 27. One end
of the bar 26 is fixed to the bracket 28 bolted to the loom side, and the other
end is. fixed to the bracket 29 bolted to the light frame 23. 30. is the
upper jaw of the nippers, and 31 is a small lever or finger moving on
a pin fixed in the plate 25. In the Drawing is shewn the position the
various parts will be in when the nippers have caught hold of a wire, and
have withdrawn it about one quarter of its length from the fabric.
the crank 19 continues its rotatory motion, the lever 21 moves in the direc-
tion of the arrow seen in Figure 5 until the finger 31 comes in contact
with the stud 32 fixed in the bracket 29. This stud causes the finger to
assume the inclined position shewn in dotted lines at 31%, and liberates the wire
which had been held fast in the nippers, by taking away the support from the
heavier end of the upper jaw 30, which then drops into the position shewn at
30%. The wire thus liberated falls into a receiver, and the nippers return with
their jaws open towards the loom side. When they arrive near the fabric
into which the wires are woven, the lower end of the finger 81, which was still
in the inclined position shewn at 31*, comes in contact with another stud 88,
which causes it to assume a vertical position, thereby closing the jaws of the
nippers, and taking hold of another wire, which, by the progress of the cloth,
has by this time arrived in a position ready to be withdrawn in the manner
previously described. It is desirable that the upper jaw of the nippers should
be made slightly elastic, so as to adapt itself to any small difference in the
thickness of the wires which it has to take hold of. The receiver for catching
the wires is formed of the two side pieces 34, fixed to the frame 23, and the
two end pieces 35, which are placed in a slanting direction, as seen in
Figure 5. The wires are lifted up out of the receiver by hooks fixed to two
endless straps 36, which are taken over pulleys 37*, fixed on the top shaft 37.
This shaft works in bearings made in the projecting ends of the framing for
the feeding apparatus, and a revolving motion is given to it by a pulley 38
fixed on the crank shaft of the loom. The strap from the pulley 88 drives a
small pulley 39 on the intermediate shaft 40, and a cross strap from the pulley

page_text: 41 drives the top shaft 37. The diameter of these pulleys may be varied to
convey the wires at the most convenient speed. The endless straps 36 pass
below round small pulleys fixed on the shaft 42, which revolves in bearings
attached to the frame 23. When the wires are lifted up from the receiver
into which they drop as soon as the nippers let them go by the hooks on the
endless straps 36, they are carried over the pulleys 37* on the top shaft 37,
and then are caught by the projecting ends of the feeding apparatus marked
43, and shewn in Figure 6 by dotted lines. The pulleys on the shafts 37 and
42 are made with flanges to prevent the straps 36 from moving sideways;
and they have also longitudinal grooves for receiving the cogs attached to the
inner sides of the straps 36, as seen in Figure 6, by means of which the hooks
on the straps are kept in the same level. The wires in ascending may also
be guided endways by suitable plates attached to the framing of the feeding
apparatus.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I do not claim as
new, or as the Invention whereof the exclusive use is protected by the said
Letters Patent, the several parts and apparatus herein-before described and
referred to when taken separately, or except when the same are used in com-
bination or for the purposes and in the manner herein-after declared; but I
claim,--
First, the improved loom constructed and arranged as above described and
represented in the Drawings for weaving looped or piled fabrics.
Secondly, I claim the adaptation and application to looms for weaving
looped or piled fabrics of suitable mechanism and apparatus for the purpose
of introducing the wire into one shed or opening and the weft into another
shed simultaneously, as herein-before described.
Thirdly, I claim the use of the crank and intermittent wheel and disc in
combination with the apparatus by which the wire is introduced into the shed
or opening in looms for weaving looped or piled fabrics, as above described.
Lastly, I claim the adaptation and application of suitable apparatus by
which the wires are drawn out from the looped or piled fabric, and returned
into the feeding apparatus as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hill, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this First day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
"ITIH (87) NHOг

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the First day of December, in
the year of our Lord 1847, the aforesaid John Hill came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the First day of December, in
the year of our Lord 1847, the aforesaid John Hill came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Second day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.