IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,"
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER." A communication from abroad by Mr. Heinrich Voelter, of
Heidenheim, in the Kingdom of Wurtemberg.
$
Sealed the 7th June 1861, and dated the 28th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th December 1860.
I; WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved means of reducing by the wet method
wood fibres or fibrous substances, for the manufacture of paper, pasteboard,
paper pulp, papier mâché, or other analogous substances.
The present Invention consists, in the first place, in the employment of
grinding surfaces, so prepared and arranged that the fibrous substance, what-
ever may be its nature, may not be reduced to a pulverized state between the
grinding surfaces, but may issue from the mill in a fine and clean state, and
consequently be much easier to mix and convert into pulp than heretofore.
Price S1

page_text: The Invention consists, secondly, of an improved apparatus for separating
the fine from the coarse and unreduced fibre, and also in the means of
collecting the reduced fibres, and conducting them to proper receptacles.
The principal features of novelty in the present Invention are,-
1st, the arrangement together of the whole apparatus, consisting of the
combination of the different separating, refining, and purifying cylinders,
and their accessories, with one or more reducing mills, for reducing the
wood or other substances suitable for the manufacture of paper. These
cylinders are hollow drums, covered with metallic gauze, and mounted in
suitable bearings in vats, which are supplied with the material to be
operated upon. The fine fibres pass through the gauze covering of tho
cylinders, and are discharged from the ends of the cylinders, and conveyed
away through suitably arranged pipes or channels.
2nd, the construction and use of a rotating or turning case or scoop,
which is self-acting, and is provided with a rake or scraper for collecting
and removing the coarse fibres or residuum from the manufacture, and
discharging it into suitable receptacles.
3rd, the construction and use of a drawing-off and distributing apparatus,
consisting of a cylinder provided at its circumference with screw threads,and
combined with a rotary wiper for keeping up the circulation of the fibrous
mass.
4th, the employment of two or more grinding surfaces either ina horizontal
or vertical position, one half moveable and the other fixed, for the purpose of
reducing between their surfaces any of the substances that may be used in
the manufacture of paper, pasteboard, or analogous substances.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of December in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William

page_text: Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER," being a communication from Mr. Heinrich Voelter, of Heidenheim,
in the Kingdom of Wurtemburg, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of improved machinery to be used in the manufacture of
paper, relates to improved apparatus for reducing by the wet method wood
fibres or fibrous substances for the manufacture of paper, pasteboard, paper
pulp, papier maché, or other analogous substances.
The present Invention consists, in the first place, in the employment of
grinding surfaces, so prepared and arranged that the fibrous substance what-
ever may be its nature, may not be reduced to a pulverized state between the
grinding surfaces, but may issue froin the mill in a fine and clean state, and
consequently be much easier to mix and convert into pulp than heretofore.
The Invention consists, secondly, of an improved apparatus for separating
the fine from the coarse aud unreduced fibres, and also in the means of
collecting the reduced fibres, and conducting them to proper receptacles.
The principal features of novelty in the present Invention arc,-
First, the arrangement together of the whole apparatus, consisting of the
combination of the different separating, refining, and purifying cylinders and
their accessories, with one or more reducing mills for reducing the wood or
other substances suitable for the manufacture of paper. These cylinders are
hollow drums, covered with metallic gauze, and mounted in suitable bearings
The fine
in vats, which are supplied with the material to be operated upon.

page_text: fibres pass through the gauze covering of the cylinders, and are discharged
from the ends of the cylinders, and conveyed away through suitably arranged
pipes or channels.
Second, the combination and use of a rotating or turning cam or scoop,
which is self-acting, and is provided with a rake or scraper for collecting
and removing the coarse fibres or residuum from the manufacture, and
discharging it into suitable receptacles.
Third, the construction and use of a drawing-off and distributing
apparatus, consisting of a cylinder, provided at its circumference with screw
threads, and combined with a rotary wiper for keeping up the circulation
of the fibrous mass.
Fourth, the employment of two or more grinding surfaces, either in a
horizontal or vertical position, one half moveable and the other fixed, for the
purpose of reducing between their surfaces any of the substances that may
be used in the manufacture of paper, pasteboard, or analogous substances.
The accompanying Drawing represents, in two views, a simple refining
apparatus, together with the secondary apparatus necessary for the refining
of the fibres of wood.
Fig. 1 is a side view, partly in section, and Fig. 2 a plan view of the same.
The whole is composed, first, of a cylindrical pulp purifier; second, of an
apparatus for distribution and running off the fibres; third, the refiner;
fourth, a sorting apparatus and a pump; fifth, reservoirs for the fibres.
The apparatus is operated and regulated automatically.
The fine fibres being first separated from the mass by special apparatus,
the coarse fibres to be refined enter the purifier, and are conducted to the
reservoirs. The purifier is intended to retain the coarse fibres, whilst the
small pieces of wood which may be floating about are retained by the inter-
mediate partition C in the reservoir B. The purifier is a hollow cylinder A,
which rotates at a determined speed in the vessel B, and is furnished or
covered with copper wire cloth.
The coarsest cuttings having passed through the purifierare collected by the
cam or bucket D, which is either simple or compound, and rotates in the
vessel B, and they are thrown at each revolution into the compartment E,
which is arranged for that purpose. This cam or bucket D, which receives its
rotary motion from the shaft of the cylinder A, is so arranged that it dips at
each revolution into the mass of cuttings which remain upon its teeth when it
rises. Upon the cam or bucket is a skimmer a, which receives its movements
from small rods c, fixed to the shaft of the cam or bucket. These rods pass
across the skimmer, aud prevent it from being pushed too far forward by the

page_text: action of the springs b, Fig. 2, which are mounted on the top of the cam
bucket. The rounded extremities of the skimmer fit into the grooves d
made in the sides of the vessel B. As soon as the extremities arrive at the
grooves, they are pressed in such a manner (by the rotation of the cam
bucket) that the skimmer may take its position behind the teeth, and when
the cam again rises the skimmer will be pushed forward by means of the
springs b, and introduce all the cuttings or fibres collected by the scoop
into the compartment E. The fine fibres which have not been retained by
the wire cloth will enter the cylinder A, and pass out through the opening e,
when it is not desired to pass them through a finer purifier. These fibres
are conveyed from the cylinder A through the pipe F into the distributing
and flow off apparatus.
As the fibres when in a very liquid state (which is necessary for running
them off) are difficult to refine, they must be reduced to a thready paste,
and the refiner must be regularly fed with this mass. These two objects aro
effected by the following apparatus:-It consists of a hollow cylinder A' in
a vessel B', and surrounded by a metallic sieve, and revolving at a suitable
speed. The screw threads fon its outer periphery conduct the fibrous mass
continuously and regularly towards the opening g in the vessel B', whence
they are forced by the rotating pallet G into the spout or channel H. The
pallet G is curved inwards, in order that it may not return into the vat the
fibres which have been conducted from it, and it receives its movement from a
band passed over a pulley on the shaft of the cylinder A', as seen in Fig. 2.
When other fibrous matters than wood are desired to be refined, instead
of the purifier and apparatus above described, a vat furnished with an
agitator is employed, but as any other known analogous apparatus may be
employed it is not necessary to give any detailed description of such
contrivance. The fibres pass along the channel H to the refiner, which
consists of two grindstones J, J, set one over the other, the upper one of
which is the runner, and is driven from below. As the pasty mass which
enters through the eye of the runner does not become evenly spread or
divided between the stones, three dividers i are adapted to the runner in
such a manner that one of them drives the pulp towards the othor until it
euters the space k, where it begins to be submitted to the action of centri-
fugal force, and after having passed between the stones it runs off at linto
the tube F". Instead of the three dividers i a single bent rod or a cone may
be used, but their action is much less regular and certain.
The grinding surfaces may consist of natural or artificial stone, and may be
set horizontally or vertically, and the pulp may be introduced at either side, as

page_text: desired, only in order to grind wood the stones must be well cut, and so setas
scarcely to touch each other. so that the fibres may not be reduced to powder.
In order that the coarse fibres contained in the pulpshould not proveinjurious
to it it is conducted to the sorting apparatus. The water conducted from the
cylinder A' by the pipe F' at does not only carry with it the pulp, but
spreads it out at the same time, which is necessary for assorting wood pulp.
This apparatus consists of a hollow cylinder A", covered with wire cloth
sufficiently fine, which cylinder rotates in the vessel B". It is necessary for
effecting the separation of the fibres to provide the vessel with a beater N,
which shall act upon the pulp with considerable force. The coarse fibres on
being separated from the fine ones, are removed by the cylinder A, upon the
surface of which they hang, and from whence they are taken off by the
cylinder L, and from this cylinder they are pushed by the scraper M into the
compartment E. If in this state they cannot be made use of, they may be
again brought, either by hand orautomatically, under the action ofthegrinding
surfaces (after having been sufficiently elongated or straightened and beaten)
by means of the pump O, which is of the ordinary construction. The pulp
may be diluted (for paper which is not required to be very clean) by water
from the cylinder A. For long fibred papers, instead of the sorting appa-
ratus a pulp purifier of the ordinary construction may be employed. The
residurm of the last operation of the cylinder A" passes finally through the
pipes F into the receiving apparatus. This apparatus is composed of
the hollow cylinder A covered with wire cloth, and rotating in the water
vessel B. The cylinder is provided inside with pallets, and it serves to
retain the useful fibres, and allow the remainder to flow off. The fibres
retained are conducted upon the surface of the cylinder towards the rollers
L, I", around which the mass becomes wound, and from which it is taken off
by the scrapers M'. M", and falls respectively into the vessels E", E, the
bottom of which latter is perforated and covered with fine cloth. According
to the fineness of the paper which is required to be manufactured the fibres are
to be collected upon the receiving apparatus or taken from the vat to the
press; or the mass may be mixed with other stuffs; in a word, it may be
treated as found desirable, ordinary and known apparatus being employed.
Having now described the nature of this Invention, and the means of
carrying the same into effect, as communicated to me by my foreign corre-
spondent, I desire it to be understood that what I claim as the Invention
secured to me under the above in part recited Letters Patent is,―
Firstly, the arrangement of the above described apparatus, which consists
in the combination of the different cylinders and their accessories, or equivalent

page_text: contrivances, with one or more refining mills, for the purpose of refining
wood or other matters suitable for the manufacture of
paper.
Secondly, the construction and employment of a rotating cam or scoop
working automatically with a scraper for collecting and removing the
residuum of the manufacture.
Thirdly, the construction of a flow off and distributing apparatus, consist-
ing of the drum or cylinder, provided on its periphery with a worm or screw
thread combined with the rotating beater, for the purpose of effecting the
circulation of the fibrous mass.
Fourthly, the application of two stones or grinding surfaces, set either
horizontally or vertically, one being a runner and the other stationary, for
the purpose of refining between their surfaces any matters which may serve
(by the wet method) for the manufacture of paper, cardboard, papier maché,
millboard, and other analogous substances.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
W. J. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)