Improvements relating to the Saccharification of Wort or the like, and to the Extraction and subsequent Treatment thereof in Brewing, Distilling, and in the Manufacture of Maltose, Syrups, and other Extracts, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Jan., 1894-Accepted, 17th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Saccharification of Wort or the like,
and to the Extraction and subsequent Treatment thereof in
Brewing, Distilling, and in the Manufacture of Maltose, Syrups,
and other Extracts, and Apparatus therefor.
I GEORGES DE GEYTER, Manufacturer, of Mouscron, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention consists principally in so effecting and carrying out the various
stages of the process either of brewing, distilling, maltose making, or the manu-
facture of syrups or like extracts of farinaceous or other matters whose development
depends upon complicated chemical operations requiring time and delicacy of
treatment, that the whole may be carried on as a continuous and uninterrupted process
instead of as formerly in a disjointed and intermittent manner commencing with a
definite lump charge of malt or other matter varying in amount with the capacity
of the brewery or distillery or the like.
For this purpose the apparatus employed is varied in its construction and
consequently to some extent also in its mode of operation and certain improved
features are capable of being introduced by or owing to its use as a continuously
operating apparatus.
The malt or other grain is fed continuously from a suitable hopper or receptacle
with or without previous mashing to a hydrator being a cylindrical or other vessel
of length fitted with an agitator and water supply. The matter traverses this
vessel during the time necessary for hydration whereupon without intermission it
falls into the larger vessel of similar kind intended for the soaking of the grain
thence it passes also continuously into and along a third somewhat similar vessel
where saccharification is commenced and where means are provided in the shape of
separate water or steam jackets for adjustment of temperature at different places
along its length, and pipes for provision of hot water. Thence the grain passes
to a larger vessel through which it progresses until the saccharification is completed.
These vessels are fitted along their length with stirrers and forwarding devices
and they may be open resembling troughs the object of their form and construction
being that the grain should pass at more or less speed along them but without
any interruption so as to produce a continuous process of saccharification.
Thence the grain falls into a series of backs where it is subjected to washing to
extract the wort, the entering hot water passing first into the back containing the
weakest and most spent grain, thence to the next back with grain less spent and
thus through the series of backs, till it passes from that containing the strongest
mash into a boiler.
The removal of nitrogenous matter is provided for by aeration preferably by
means of an injector of the " "Cyclone or other system and as the wort where it
requires filtration is preferably filtered when cooled it is carried from the bottom
of the aforesaid boiler through a heat interchanger to the filter and thence back
through the corresponding heat receiving side of the heat interchanger to the
boiler.
The wort in its way to the filter gives up its caloric to the cooled wort
after passing through the filter so that very little heat is lost.
The hops are extracted in exactly the same manner as the wort from the mash
namely by subjection of the almost spent hops first to the liquor, then the next
upper grade and so on until lastly the fresh hops are met by the strongest liquor
which has already extracted as much as possible from the already traversed more
or less spent batches of hops.

page_text: The remainder processes of refrigeration and fermentation are also operated
continuously, and so far as the boiling is concerned this process although not
strictly speaking continuous may be made sufficiently so to suit the remainder of
the process by having more than one boiler and so proceeding that one boiler at
least is filling while another is emptying.
The same methods and apparatus are applied to analogous stages in the
manufacture of syrup or extracts of like nature, maltose and the like and also in
the extraction of a wort or must for distilling.
The oxydation before mentioned inay be performed by causing the air and the
wort to move together through the tube where the injector is stationed.
Where desired to cool the wort and the latter is at the same time stronger than
is needed, cold water purified and sterilized may be added direct to the wort.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1893.
R. HADDAN,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Saccharification of Wort or the like,
and to the Extraction and subsequent Treatment thereof in
Brewing, Distilling, and in the Manufacture of Maltose, Syrups,
and other Extracts, and Apparatus therefor.
I GEORGES DE GEYTER, Manufacturer of Mouscron, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention consists principally in so effecting and carrying out the various
stages of the process either of brewing, distilling, maltose making or the manufacture
of syrups or like extracts of farinaceous or other matters whose developement
depends upon complicated chemical operations requiring time and delicacy of
treatment, that the whole may be carried on as a continuous and uninterrupted
process instead of as formerly in a disjointed and intermittent manner commencing
with a definite lump charge of malt or other matter varying in amount with the
capacity of the brewery or distillery or the like.
For this purpose the apparatus employed is varied in its construction and
consequently to some extent also in its mode of operation and certain improved
features are capable of being introduced (such as the method of decoction herein-
after described) by or owing to its use as a continuously operating apparatus.
The malt or other grain is fed continuously from a suitable hopper or receptacle
with or without previous crushing to a hydrator being a cylindrical or other vessel
of length fitted with an agitator and water supply. The matter traverses the vessel
during the time necessary for hydration whereupon without intermission it falls
into the larger vessel of similar kind intended for the soaking of the grain, thence
it passes also continuously into and along a third somewhat similar vessel where
saccharification is commenced and where means are provided in the shape of
separate water or steam jackets for adjustment of temperature at different places
along its length, and pipes for provision of hot water.
Thence the grain passes to a larger vessel through which it progresses until the
saccharification is completed. These vessels are fitted along their length with
stirrers and forwarding devices and they may be open resembling troughs the
object of their form and construction being that the grain should pass at more or
less speed along them but without any interruption so as to produce a continuous
process of saccharification.
Thence the grain falls into a series of "backs" where it is subjected to washing
to extract the wort, the entering hot water passing first into the back containing
the weakest and most spent grain thence to the next back with grain less spent

page_text: and thus through the series of backs till it passes from that containing the strongest
mash into a boiler.
The removal of nitrogenous matter is provided for by aeration preferably by
means of an injector of the "Cyclone" or other system and as the wort where it
requires filtration is preferably filtered when cooled it is carried from the bottom
of the aforesaid boiler through a heat interchanger to the filter and thence back
through the corresponding heat receiving side of the heat interchanger to the
boiler. The wort on its way to the filter gives up its caloric to the cooled wort
after passing through the filter so that very little heat is lost.
The hops are extracted in exactly the same manner as the wort from the
mash namely by subjection of the almost spent hops first to the liquor, then the
next upper grade and so on until lastly the fresh hops are met by the strongest
liquor which has already extracted as much as possible from the already traversed
more or less spent batches of hops.
The remainder processes of refrigeration and fermentation are also operated
continuously and so far as the boiling is concerned, this process, although not
strictly speaking continuous, may be made sufficiently so to suit the remainder of
the process by having more than one boiler and so proceeding that one boiler at
least is filling while another is emptying.
The same methods and apparatus are applied to analogous stages in the
manufacture of syrup or extracts of like nature, maltose and the like and also in
the extraction of a wort or must for distilling.
The oxydation before mentioned may be performed by causing the air and the
wort to move together through the tube where the injector is stationed.
Where desired to cool the wort and the latter is at the same time stronger than
is needed, cold water purified and sterilized may be added direct to the wort.
The annexed drawing is a diagram representing the succession of the operations
in the process contrived by the inventor and the arrangements adopted for obtaining
continuity of work.
T is a hopper or receiver of any suitable shape for receiving the malted grain.
e is a crushing apparatus of any suitable kind to reduce to flour the grain which
continuously falls from the receiver T. H is a hydrator into which the crushed
material passes on leaving the crusher in order to be moistened under the action of
a supply of water. To provide for the dilution of the material to a homogeneous
paste this hydrator is provided with a central shaft a having kneading arms b which
latter, owing also to their slight inclination on the axis impart a general movement
to the material from the one end of the apparatus to the other.
R is a trough the section of which has the form of a U. This trough may
receive the name of "resting back" because within this apparatus the first reactions
of the saccharification take place and because therein the material has to undergo
the rest necessary in order that these operations may be duly effected. In this
trough likewise a shaft a moves which however carries not a series of kneading arms
like those in the hydrator H, but two separate complete helical spirals h of the
same diameter as the interior of the trough and one at each end thereof. These
spirals are of any ordinary construction, and of suitable pitch to forward the
required quantity of material at each revolution. The purpose of this helix is to
cause a continuous advancing movement of the material without however causing
any crushing effect.
S is a trough analogous in form to the "resting back" but of greater dimensions;
this trough may be called the "saccharifier" and into this saccharifier the material
to be saccharified enters in proportion as the helix of the "resting back" pushes it.
gently forward.
In this saccharifier revolves a shaft a provided with arms analogous to those
in the hydrator H these arms serving to produce the kneading effect and the
intimate mixing of the materials to be treated and also to cause them to advance
towards the extremity of the saccharifying apparatus.
This saccharifier S is provided with a double bottom and with inlet pipes for

page_text: hot and cold water t¹, t, to enter the saccharifier which by suitable arrangement are
capable of giving to the mass to be treated the temperature and the degree of
humidity necessary for a satisfactory performance of the saccharifying process.
An apparatus R' coupled to the saccharifier serves as a "back" for receiving the
mash leaving the saccharifier.
This vessel which will be called hereinafter a "resting trough for the sacchari-
fication" is altogether analogous to the "resting trough" R.
In this vessel the operation of saccharifying is terminated as a result of the rest
at which the material to be treated stays therein. This vessel is provided with a
central shaft a, having two helical spirals h, one at each end and similar the spirals
before described, to produce the advancing motion of the material while leaving it
undisturbed, that is to say, without causing, properly speaking, any working up of
the material. The combination of the three apparatus R, S, R₁ described, assures
a complete saccharification of the material to be treated and furthermore the
continuous course of this operation, the saccharified mass leaving continuously from
the resting trough for the saccharification, while the material to be treated is
constantly supplied by the mill or crusher C.
The temperature in the trough R should be about 40° C. The hot water added
in the trough S should raise the mass to 58° or 60° C., thence to 62° or 63° C. and
eventually to 70° or 72° C. at which point the solution of the starch and its
transformation into sugar and dextrine should be completed.
The whole of these three apparatus as represented schematically constitutes the
apparatus to be used for effecting the saccharification by infusion, When it is
desired to operate by decoction, I divide the saccharifier S into two. Each of
these apparatus is then heated to a higher or lesser degree of temperature as
circumstances may require to realize at the exit of these saccharifiers a mixture
at whatever temperature may be desired by the brewer; mixing done, the mass
enters either directly into the resting trough R for saccharification or into a new
series of saccharifiers for a second mash.
V to V represent a battery of wooden or metallic vessels into which falls the
saccharified mash in proportion as it leaves the trough R, these vessels serve to
methodically exhaust the wort contained therein by means of hot water. For this
purpose they are provided with perforated false bottoms and with pipes t" with
cocks fitted to the different vessels in the manner indicated in the drawing.
The hot water arrives through any pipe for instance the prolongation of t¹ to the
most exhausted or spent wort contained in the vessel V' which is the most distant
from the resting trough for the saccharification and then passes successively through
the pipes over the gradually increasingly rich wort. The circulation of the
liquid in this battery is obtained either by placing the different vessels at different
levels or by operating with a pressure of water after having previously closed the
vessel at the top, in which case the vessels may be on the same level as shown in
the drawing.
The wort and the exhausted or spent remainders from this battery are removed.
The wort leaving the battery V-V must be boiled, which operation is done in
one or more boilers of any kind.
B represents one of these boilers arranged so as to receive through the pipe t
the wort leaving the battery V-V*.
After the wort has undergone a more or less extended boiling operation it is
purified by producing a precipitation of the coagulable nitrogenous materials by
the following process-
tl is a tube of suitable length connected to a cock communicating with the
bottom of the boiler B and rising up to the upper edge of the following boiler
behind the boiler B and not represented in the drawing. The rising of the wort
in this pipe is produced by action upon the liquid of a jet of air supplied
under pressure by an injector I. The circulation of the air and of the wort
united produces an intense oxidation of the latter. When this oxidation is
considered to be sufficient the wort must be freed from the coagulated products,

page_text: this separation is effected by cold filtration and heating again at the end of this
operation; this is done by the following arrangement-
M is a metallic box being very flat and intercalated in the tube through
which passes the wort and the air charged with oxygen. This heat interchanging
box M is divided into two portions by an intermediate plate. F is a filter as
shown in the drawing interposed in the tube which secures the communication with
each other of the two compartments of the box M.
For starting the apparatus the heat interchanger is first fed with cold water
which is introduced in the second compartment of said apparatus.
The oxidized wort coming from the boiler B and circulating in the first part of
the heat interchanger M is cooled down therein, passes into the filter F where it
is deprived of the materials insoluble in the cold liquid, then passes back into the
second compartment of the interchanger M where it becomes heated to a point very
near to its initial temperature before passing to the second boiler which latter is as
above stated arranged behind the boiler B. After this purifying operation is
finished the wort is hopped and boiling continued as usual.
V to V represent a battery with perforated false bottoms in which flows through
the tube t the wort together with the hops after the boiling in the second boiler is
finished. The action of this battery V' to V13 is analogous to that of the battery V
to V used for the washing of the malt. This battery has for its purpose to
produce the methodic exhausting of the remainders of the hops left by the wort
on its way towards the refrigerator M¹. This exhaustion is effected by successive
displacement by the aid of water arriving at the extremity of the battery in V1*
upon the most exhausted or spent hops and passing successively over gradually
richer hops. M' as already mentioned is a refrigerator, acting upon the wort at
the exit of the exhausting or extracting battery VI to V and before fermentation.
This refrigerator is of any ordinary kind as used in all breweries for cooling the
wort by means of cold water which latter becomes thereby heated. The action in
the vessels V to V" is the same as that in the vessels V to Vs, the latter exhausting
the hops, the former the returns. The hot water supplied by the refrigerator is
utilized for the working of the materials and for this purpose collected in a hot
water tank E. E' is an analogous tank for cold water; these latter arrangements
may however be constructed at the will of the architect and are without influence
upon the result of the operation, which is the continuous obtaining in the
refrigerator M' of a certain quantity of wort, concentrated, and ready to be
immediately used in the manufacture of beer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. An improved process in the manufacture of beer and other extracts,
characterized by,
(a) The continuous diastasic saccharification of the amylaceous materials
obtained by uninterrupted circulation within appropriate vessels.
(b) The exhaustion or extraction and methodic and uninterrupted washing of
the malt and the hops.
(c) The coagulation of the nitrogenous materials of the wort by oxidation in
a tubular apparatus followed by the purifying of the wort by separation
of the nitrogenous coagulated materials by cold filtration and subsequent
re-heating in the course of the boiling process and without interruption.
2. For the purpose of realizing the above described process the apparatus
consisting in,
(a) The combination of three successive troughs R, S, R' namely of a "resting
trough" of a "saccharifier and of a "resting trough for the saccharifi-
cation," these troughs being provided with moistening, working up and
propelling appliances and allowing the diastasic saccharification to take
place in a continuous manner.

page_text: (b) The washing and exhausting batteries for the returns and hops V to V
and V₁ to V these batteries provided with perforated false bottoms in
which the water, arriving over the most exhausted returns or hops passes
successively, over the gradually richer returns or hops so as to produce a
methodic, and complete exhaustion in an uninterrupted manner.
(c) The combination of an aerator tube serving to produce the coagulation
of the nitrogenous matters of the wort with a heat interchanger M and any
suitable filter F for separating the coagulated nitrogenous materials in the
course of the boiling of the wort and without interruption.
Dated this 22nd day of January 1894.
R. HADDAN,
Of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.