METHOD OF MAKING AND CASTING WITH CAST IRON, BRASS, OR MIXED METAL KNAVES OR STOCKS FOR ALL SORTS OF WHEELS, TO BE USED FOR ALL SORTS OF CARRIAGES, AS WELL FOR PLEASURE AS FOR BURDEN
Year: 1799

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third hath, by His
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day of August.
now last past, been most graciously pleased to give and grant unto us, George
Dodson, of Blackfriars Road, in the Parish of Christ Church, in the County of-
Surry, Cabinet Maker, and John Skidmore, of High Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex, Ironfounder, our exors, admors, and assigns, for fourteen years
from the date of the said Letters Patent, especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, to make, use, and vend, within that part of Great Britain
called England, His Majesty's Dominion of Wales,. and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, our new invented "METHOD OF MAKING AND CASTING WITH CAST
IRON, BRASS, OR MIXED METAL KNAVES OR STOCKS FOR ALL SORTS OF WHEELS, TO BE
USED FOR ALL SORTS OF CARRIAGES, AS WELL FOR PLEASURE AS FOR BURDEN;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that we, the said George
Dodson or John Skidmore, or one of us, should particularly describe. and
ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, and
cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within one calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent, otherwise the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advan
tages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and be void,
as in and by the said Royal Letters Patent, reference being, thereto had,
will more fully appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in pursuance of the said Letters Patent, and in
obedience to the above-mentioned proviso therein contained, we, the said
George Dodson and John Skidmore, do hereby disclose, discover, and describe
our said Invention in manner and form following (that is to say) :-
;--
The patterns to be turned the size and manner of the of the outside of the
nave or stock when cast, which patterns may be all in one piece, but are prefer-
able in three for convenience of moulding; the patterns to have core stays in
the centre piece to lay in the cores to make the mortice holes for the spokes,
as described in Figures number 1, 2, and 3 in the Drawings in the margin of
these Presents; and when moulded, an iron spindle, made perfectly round,
smoothed and greased over, to be fixed down the centre of the mould in flask,
and to go through Figures 1, 2, and 3, which, when the flask is closed and the
metal poured in, will make a nave or stock in one piece, with a perfect cylinder,
in the common way of pipe boxes. A much better method of doing them is
to make hollow cavities in the internal part of the nave, stock, or box, to hold
.as much oil as possible, that carriages may be kept supplied with oil as long as
they can; to accomplish which, we make a core pattern, split and peg'd together,
whereby to bring them exactly in their places, then turned to the greatest
nicety the size of the axletree arm, leaving swells or lumps on it where we
want the hollow cavities or chambers for the oil in the internal parts; then part
them, laying one flat in a little box for that purpose; and after greasing or
oiling the pattern, pour on it fresh wetted plaister of paris, which closes this
half core pattern exactly close in every part; and when set hard we turn it
over and put the other half of the core, mould, or pattern on the former one
(already on the plaister of paris) by the pegs and holes; it comes exactly to its
former place in which it was turned; and then put another small box or frame
over that, and after greasing or oiling the face of the already cast half and the
other half pattern, we then pour that box full of wet plaister of paris, and when
dried hard part them, and take out the wooden core pattern, which leaves the
exact reverse of the turn'd core patterns; then cast from these plaister of paris
patterns, a pair of core moulds in iron, brass, or other metal, in which we
make the core of sand or loom exact as described in Figure 4 in the said
Drawing. This core is put into the flask, as described, by the iron spindle,
through the Figures 1, 2, and 3 in the said Drawing, and when the metal-is
poured round it in the flask it-makes the hollow reservoir for the oil to supply
the axletree and bearings, as described in the hollow of letter B, also in the
said Drawing, by which means we can make provision for more than treble
the quantity of oil of any other nave or box ever in use. And to add to the
great utility of this article, both for use and beauty, we can screw up the end of

page_text: it with a cap made of silver, silver plated, brass, iron, or other metal, as the
value of the carriage may deserve or the purchaser require, and which being
made air-tight keeps out dirt and contains the oil. The screw in the nave or
stock to receive this cap may be turned in a lathe or engine in the usual way
of screwing, and when turned perfectly true and clean in the inside it may be
case-hardened and polished to the greatest perfection, and in the arm of the
axletree turned if required to fit exactly, and when put together and filled
with oil they must work as smooth and true as any wheel ever made use of.
A much quicker method of making the screw to receive the caps to inclose
the end of the nave or box is by having screw cores of sand or loom made by
screw core, boxes, or by having screw dies, made of wrought or cast iron, and
turned with the screw in the inside of the die, and then moulded with the
patterns and left in the sand for the metal to run into them; when cast the
die or core will screw off, and leave a thread or screw very sufficient to receive
the cap, as aforesaid, and will be an expeditious and cheap way of making
them. Some people may imagine that constant use will wear the bearings
away and make them too wide for the axletree, but the bearings are so very
hard and smooth that they will wear a great length of time; and a remedy is
provided against such doubts, for those who wish to have them that way, by
making them so much wider as to receive boxes all through if required, with
holes through the middle part of such box to permit the oil to pass through
from the reservoirs into the inside of the said box, though it is much better
that there should be a box at each end the length of the bearings; such boxes
to be made of iron, steel, brass, or any other mixed metal fit for the purpose,
which boxes may be taken out and replaced with new ones in a few minutes.
By this principle the nave or stock must endure for many generations, nay, it
be supposed, to the end of time. The core and box for which is described
by the Figure 5, and box B in the said Drawing. To prevent the trouble of
taking the wheels off when they want oil, a hole can be cast or drilled through
from the outer part of the back of the nave or stock into the internal part, and
a screw may be made to fit it, or it may be cork'd up, and by taking out the
screw or cork the reservoir may be supplied with oil through a small funnell
without the least inconvenience. Letters A, E, and F, in the said Drawing,
shew a nave or stock finished ready for the wheelwright; letter B shews the
section of the nave down the middle long ways, in which the axletree arm goes
through, and shews the reservoir for oil, where it is black'd; C shews the nave
sideways when finished; D, the section through all the mortices for the spokes
and axletree arm, the same as if cut down from E to F. These naves or stocks
are naturally the most eligible of any other to receive various principles of
may

page_text: riction wheels and rollers, part of which are described by letters. G, H, and I;
o have three, six, or more rollers, each two inches long, more or less; put into
holes cast into the end of the nave or stock, of the saine depth of the rollers,
and cleaned out: well; that the rollers may work easy as the wheel, goes round.
As witness our hands and seals, the Seventh day of September, in the
thirty-ninth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third,
by the grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King,
Defender of the Faith, and so forth, and in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine.
Dartletts Dundings, Holborn.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of September, in
the year of our Lord 1799, the aforesaid George Dodson and John Skidmore
came before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Spe-
cification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above. written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt
according to the tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.