CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE PREPARATION AND SPINNING OF COTTON, WOOL, SILE, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
MAC LARDY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, and Josгг
LEWIS, of the same place, Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Ninth day of May, in the eleventh year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said William
Mac Lardy and Joseph Lewis, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that we, the said William Mac Lardy and Joseph Lewis, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as we, the said William
Mac Lardy and Joseph Lewis, our executors, admistrators, or assigns, should
t any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE PREPARATION AND SPINNING OF COTTON, WOOL,
SILE, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso that we, the said William Mac Lardy and Joseph
Lewis, shall cause a particular description of the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled

page_text: in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Mac Lardy and Joseph Lewis, do hereby declare that the nature
of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
is particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto
annexed, and 'the following explanation thercof (that is to say) :-
Our Invention of Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus applicable to the
Preparation and Spinning of Cotton, Wool, Silk, Flax, and other Fibrous Sub-
stances, applies to those well-known machines used in the preparation of cotton,
&c. called "slubbing frames" and "roving frames" or "jack frames," and also
those well-known spinning machines called "throstle frames." The object of
the present improvement is, first, to increase the productive power of the above-
named machines, by working them more economically than heretofore.
This we are enabled to effect by the employment of a peculiar construction of
spindle, which although driven by pinions or warves mounted thereon in the
usual position, and although working in a top bearing (which prevents vibra-
tion, and allows of the spindle being driven with great rapidity), will never-
theless admit of the bobbin being doffed with great expedition, without the
spindle being removed from its bearings, or its driving parts being disarranged;
and, secondly, the object of our improvements is to obviate the necessity of
requiring an entire new spindle or spindles for these machines, when only the
bearing parts of the spindles are worn. This we are enabled to effect by
putting hoops of steel, cast iron, or other suitable metal upon the spindle to
form the bearings thereof. By this means the friction of the bearings will
not wear the spindle itself, but only the hoop upon the spindle which forms the
bearing, so that when the bearings become worn it is only necessary to apply
new hoops to form new bearings, thus obviating the necessity of requiring an
entire new spindle. Our improved spindle is constructed of two parts, which
are connected together above the bearing usually called the bolster (which
in ordinary slubbing and roving frames traverses with the copping rail, but is
sometimes stationary in throstle frames). This connection is formed in such
a manner, that the parts constituting the spindle shall revolve together, as if
the spindle were made in one piece, and present the appearance of one con-
tinuous rod at that portion of its length over which the bobbin traverses
when raised and lowered by the copping rail, and otherwise working on the
spindle in the same manner as upon the common spindle now in use. The

page_text: peculiar construction of joint, coupling, or connection of the upper and lower
parts of the spindle is of little moment, so long as the parts will revolve
together, and allow of the easy disconnection of the parts in order to doff the
bobbin.
The practical application of our improvements will be better understood by
referring to the accompanying Sheets of Drawings, and the following explanation
thereof.
Fig. 1 represents (about half size) the two parts of a slubbing or roving
spindle disconnected; the two parts are turned or ground to a uniform diameter,
a, a, being the upper part, and b, b, the lower part. The upper end at n is
tubular, as shewn in dotted lines, having an orifice n for the passage of the
thread of cotton or other material. The other end of this part of the spindle
is bored out, as shewn by dotted lines at c, for the purpose of receiving the
top of the lower part of the spindle at d, which is reduced in diameter for the
purpose of being inserted. A portion of this part d is cut in a forked manner,
for receiving the pin shewn at c, of the upper part; so that when the two
parts are connected or put together, they will by means of this joint revolve
together, as if the spindle were composed of one piece. Fig. 2 represents the
two parts of the spindle thus put together or connected. The step of the
spindle e is formed in the usual manner, and a portion of the upper part of the
spindle i is reduced in diameter, the use of which will be shewn in explaining
Fig. 4.
Fig. 3 represents a slubbing or roving spindle, as mounted for working.
The lower part of the spindle a, a, rests in the footstep b, and is supported by
the bolster bearing c, which is securely fastened in or to the copping rail. The
upper part of the spindle d is supported by the rigid bearing c, e, which
is securely fastened to the roller beam of the machine; the other end of
this part of the spindle is connected to the lower part a of the spindle,
as formerly described and shewn in Figs. 1 and 2. It will be scen
that the spindle is thus supported or kept in its position by three several
bearings, namely, the step b, the bolster c, and the top bearing e. The
flyer ff, is permanently fastened on the upper part d of the spindle
by a pin at 9, and an orifice is formed in the flyer corresponding with
the orifice in the spindle, formerly described, through which the thread passes,
thence down the leg of the flyer f, and round the "presser" to the bobbin in
the usual manner. The bevil pinion o is fast to the spindle near the footstep 6,
and receives motion from a shaft passing along in the usual manner. It will
thus be understood that the spindle and flyer revolve together at an uniform
speed as if the spindle were one solid piece. The bobbin m, m, and the

page_text: pinion r, for working the same, are both loose on the spindle, and receive
motion from a shaft which passes along the copping or bolster rail, and is
caused to vary in speed in the usual manner to suit the increasing diameter of
the bobbin whilst being filled.
Fig. 4 represents the upper part of the spindle and flyer raised aud discon-
nected from the lower part, and at such an angle as to allow of the bobbin
being taken off the spindle by being passed downwards. That portion of the
top part of the spindle which is reduced in diameter at i is for the purpose of
allowing the upper part d of the spindle taking the angular position shewn
when disconnected from the other part of the spindle for the purpose of doffing
the bobbin, for when the reduced diameter of the spindle enters the bearing e
it is obvious that it will fit it loosely; the advantages, therefore, of getting
sufficient space between the connecting ends of the parts a and d of the spindle
for doffing is obtained by holding the part a at an angle, thus obviating
the necessity that would otherwise arise with the jointed spindle working in
a rigid top bearing, of lifting the spindle from the frame to doff the bobbin.
Figs. 5 and 6 are similar views of two throstle spindles, excepting that the
orifice in these spindles for the thread to pass through is immediately under
the top bearing, and the thread is wound round the leg of the flyer in the
usual manner. The bobbin is loose on the spindle and takes up the yarn in
the same manner as the common spindle, by what is technically called
"the drag."
Figs. 7 and 8 are views of the throstle spindle detached from the machine,
and shewing a slight modification of the construction of joint for connecting
the upper and lower parts of the spindle together. In this instance the lower
end of the upper part, in addition to being bored out, is also slotted, and the
part d is provided with a pin to drop into the slot. But we would remark
that the connection may be made by a screw, or in any other convenient
manner, which will cause the lower part to drive the upper part, and admit of
the bobbin traversing over the joint when working.
Fig. 9 represents a throstle spindle somewhat differently constructed. A is
the top part of the spindle; B is the bottom part, which bears in the footstep F,
and is supported by the fixed bearing rail C. The joint in the spindle is made
at E, in the same manner as the joints shewn in Figs. 7 and 8. D is the
copping rail. In this arrangement the copping rail D will require to be down
near the 'bearing rail C before the operation of doffing can be performed,
the doffing may then be done in the same manner as shewn in Fig. 6. In
using a spindle of this description the bobbin would not traverse over the joint
as in Figs. 5 and 6.

page_text: Fig. 10 shews the method of applying the second part of our Invention to an
ordinary throstle spindle, the hoops forming the bearing surfaces being shewn
in section. a is the bolster bearing, and 6 the footstep bearing. These bear-
ings are formed of hoops of steel, cast iron, or other suitable metal, driven
tight into the spindle, and may be fastened by a pin if necessary. In using
cast iron hoops the centre point of the footstep may be of steel, by passing
through the hoop, as shewn at c.
The red lines in Figs. 2. and 7 shew the method of applying these hoops
to our improved spindles. It will also be evident that this part of our Inven-
tion is equally applicable to all kinds of spindles used in the preparation and
spinning of cotton and other fibrous substances.
Having now described our Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into effect, we wish it to be understood that, under the above in part recited
Letters Patent, we claim generally the peculiar construction of spindle herein-
before described with reference to the Drawing, whereby we are enabled
to doff the bobbins from spindles which work in top bearings, and are driven by
warves or pinions below the copping rail, as usual, without removing the flyers
or the spindles, or a part thereof, from the slubbing, roving, jack, or throstle
frame. And particularly we claim the constructing of spindles in two parts,
and connecting them together in such manner and at such parts of their length,
by a socket joint or other suitable attachment, that the bobbins will freely
traverse over such joint, the object being to raise the upper part of the spindle
a short distance in its top bearing, and allow of the bobbin being readily doffed
by being taken off between the two parts of the spindle so disconnected.
further, with respect to spindles composed of two parts, we claim the reduction.
of the diameter of a portion of such spindles near their top, whereby, when
the upper part of the spindle is raised, the smaller diameter thereof will enter
the top bearing and allow of the upper part of the spindle being placed at a
sufficient angle to doff the bobbin by passing it off between the two parts of
the spindle or a portion thereof from the frame. We also claim the putting
of hoops of steel, or any other suitable metal, upon spindles to form the
bearings thereof, as herein described and represented by the Drawings.
And
In witness whereof, we, the said William Mac Lardy and Joseph Lewis,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixth day of November,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.
WILLIAM (L.s.) MAC LARDY.
JOSEPH (L.S.) LEWIS.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Sixth day of November,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Mac Lardy and Joseph
Lewis came before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped accord-
ing to the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Ninth day of November, in the year above written.