Improvements in Windows with Sliding Sashes.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Windows with Sliding Sashes.
We WILLIAM BREALY BIRD 14 Wood Street Grays Essex Joiner and
THE GLOBE INVENTORS' TRADING COMPANY LIMITED 11 Lincoln's Inn Fields,
London W.C. do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to construct sashes and frames in such manner
and with hinges and fittings so that the sashes may be opened inwards to enable
the external face of the glass to be cleaned and the woodwork painted from the
inside of the room.
For this purpose we form a groove sinking or rebate of plain square or of dove-
tailed form in the stop bead and also the parting bead on one side to one side of
the frame, pieces of metal are made of sufficient width to slide up and down freely
in these rebates or sinkings and on the face of the pulley style each is bent at
right angles at one end L shape one over the top of the meeting rail and the other
under the bottom rail, in the short arm of each of these sliding pieces i.e. the
parts projecting at right angles from the pulley styles of the frame and about
from the same a hole is formed and a screw or pin inserted attaching same to
the woodwork of the sash thus on sliding the sash in the frame the metal pieces
will slide with it and providing the sash is clear or free on its other side it will
swing into the room after the manner of a casement light or door.
The opening inwards of the top sash is effected in the following manner.
A slot is formed in the top side of the meeting rail of the bottom sash and in
the underside of the meeting rail of the top sash preferably about 24" from the
face of the pulley style each with a metal slotted plate; to the inside face of the top
rail of the top sash and the outside face of the bottom rail of the bottom sash hooks
are fixed so that on pulling down the sash as far as it will go the hook on the top
rail enters the slot formed in the top of the meeting rail and the slot in the under-
side of its meeting rail engages with the hook on the bottom rail all as previously
described and providing that the sashes are free on their other side both will swing
together into the room to an angle of about 90° the exact augle depending on
the position of the screw or pin in the sliding metal pieces and the width of the
stop bead. To allow of the sashes (more especially the top sash) clearing the
pulley style on the closing side when they are swung forward into the room
the slots are made sufficiently long for the hooks to slide freely about " in same.
The stop and parting beads may be formed of or lined with metal.
The sashes will be hung on both sides and the cords disconnected in the following.
manner.
We take a piece of metal say about 5" x 2" × notched to about half its
width and bent at right angles projecting about half an inch which engages with a
grooved or channelled piece of metal which is fixed to the edge of the style of the
sash, the line is fixed at or near the other end of this 5" x 2" x piece hereinafter
termed the clutch plate apertures or slots are formed in this clutch plate to take
the bolt as hereafter described.
Fair with the face of the pulley style and opposite the slots in the clutch plate.
when the bottom sash is lifted to clear the cill bead and the top sash is brought

page_text: down as low as it will go we fix swing or clutch bolts one to each clutch plate.
The bolts project through their face plates about and into the slots of
the clutch plates and are pivotted at a point about in a line with the face of the
inside of the sash and continued beyond the same about " hereinafter termed the
tail of the bolt. When the bolt is free from the clutch plate and the sash is in its
running position in the frame the tail of the bolt would be at right angles to the
pulley style and fair with the stop bead.
When the sash is opened inwards it pushes against the tail until it lies fair with
the face of the pulley style consequently throwing forward the bolt at the other
end through the clutch plate and so securing the sash line in position whilst the
sash is swung inwards..
The clutch complete to the top sash will be similar to that described to the
bottom.sash.
To allow of the bottom sash being opened it is necessary to remove the stop
bead on the closing side: instead of hingeing it as is customary we attach to its
back an shaped strip of metal one edge serving for the quirk of the bead the
other turned into a saw cut groove formed in the frame thus by fixing the metal
strip slightly curved or bent it will hold the bead firmly in its position without
other fastenings and also form a weather proof joint or the groove may be in the
bead, and on the metal on the frame.
For the top sash we form the pulley style on the closing side about in front of
the pulley style for the bottom sash and stop off the parting bead at the level of
the meeting rails.
Grooves in the pulley style on the closing side will be necessary for the top and
bottom sash for a part of their length to allow the sash line to work.
יוני.מ
WILLIAM BREALY BIRD 14 Wood Street Grays Essex Joiner and. THE
GLOBE INVENTORS' TRADING COMPANY LIMITED 11. Lincoln's Inn Fields W.C.
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and, by the following
statement :-
The object of this invention is to construct sashes and frames in such manner
and with hinges and fittings so that the sashes may be opened inwards to enable
the external face of the glass to be cleaned and the woodwork painted from the
inside of the room.
And in order that the said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood we have hereunto.
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings in which the same reference letters are
used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shewn.
Figure 1 is an inside elevation of the window which as will be seen is similar in
general appearance to an ordinary window the illustration being given simply for
the purpose of facilitating the references and in identifying the position of the
various fittings. A is the side of the window where the sashes are hinged herein-
after termed the hanging side and B the closing side. The windows may be
constructed for the sashes to hang to the other side if desired.
:
Figure 2 is a vertical section looking towards the hanging side the top sash.

page_text: being shewn partly drawn down to shew the position of the attaching hooks W D
and slotted plates E F.
Figure 3 is a vertical section looking towards the closing side the sashes being
removed that the various parts of the pulley style and the position of the two
clutch bolts may be seen.
Figure 4 is a plan through the bottom part of the window showing the top_sash.
brought down and in the course of being opened inwards with the bottom sash on
its sliding or running hinges into the room.
Figure 5 is a horizontal section through the frame above the meeting rails.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section through the pulley style below the level of the
meeting rails on the closing side.
Figure 7 is a plan (looking down on the top) of the running hinge J in Figure 5
when the same is made to project to allow of the sash being opened back to clear
the stop bead on the frame Figure 8 is an elevation of the same looking towards
the back edge of the style of the sash.
Figure 9 is an elevation of the running hinge J from a similar position. The
hinge for the bottom rail is of a similar description but without the recess or
groove C the splayed edge of the bottom rail being notched to obtain a level
bearing or seat for same.
Figure 10 is a section through the stop bead on the closing side showing a wood
weather tongue.
Figure 11 is a section through the top rail of the top sash showing the hook
attachment W.
Figure 12 is an elevation of the two clutch bolts with their plates shewing their
relative position and the grooves for the sash lines K and L.
Figure 13 is a part elevation of the sash style M with section through pulley style
shewing the clutch bolt H and edge view of the clutch plate N.
Figure 14 is a section through the pulley style looking down on the clutch bolts
the dotted lines representing their position when the sash is in its running or sliding
position.
Figure 15 is a front view of the clutch plate.
Figure 16 is a section through the clutch plate on the line of groove L shewing
steel ribbon line attached the nib or arm of the clutch plate passing behind the
plate R.
Figure 17 is a section through the style of the top sash on the hanging side
showing the grooves for the running hinges when applied to the top sash.
Figure 18 is an elevation and Figure 19 a section of the metal lining of the
grooves for the running hinges fixed at the point where the hinges are when the
sashes are opened inwards.
Figure 20 is a face view and Figure 21 an edge view of metal lining of notching
in edge of sash styles on the closing side and shewing the catch for the projecting
nib on the clutch plate.
Referring to these drawings the invention applies to sliding sash windows and
the improvements are effected as shewn and bereafter described.
To allow of the sash both sliding or running up and down in its frame and also
opening inwards similar to a casement light when so desired grooves a and b are
formed in the beads Figure 5. Hinges are made to run in these grooves they are
formed of plain plates of metal of sufficient width and thickness to slide freely in
the grooves and are turned at right angles at one end through which a hole d is
formed in any convenient position (depending on the thickness of the sash and of
the stop bead) and a pin or a screw e passed through and fixed into the woodwork
of the sash thus at one and the same time attaching the hinge to the sash so
that it will slide up and down in the frame with the same and serve as a swivel
or hinge pin on which the sash will swing or open into the room after the manner
of a casement light or door providing that the sash is lifted sufficiently high to
miss, the bead on the cill and that it is free of the frame on the opposite side.
The vertical plate portion of the hinge which is fixed to the top of the sash
:

page_text: may be recessed as C for the sash line and also to allow it to pass over the pulley
or it may be left flat in which latter case the pulley style would require to be
grooved for a portion of its height and the pulley recessed. A bole is formed
through the hinge for the attachment of the line and a hole bored in the edge of
the style of the sash for the knot reel or book of the line.
The vertical plate portion of the hinge to the bottom of the sash has no groove
or hole for the line but it is in other respects similar to that shewn and as last
described.
To prevent the hinges from kicking and the corners from running into the
woodwork of the grooves when the sash is being raised or lowered in its frame one
or two pins or nibs are formed on the hinge near its edge and projecting towards
and fitting into notches or slots formed in the style of the sash.
It will be noticed that in this hinge the usual knuckle and pin of a butt hinge
are dispensed with it is therefore more simple and cheaper to manufacture easy to
fix and excepting for the thickness of the plate of the top hinge for a part of its
length viz. from m to n the hinges are entirely out of sight and these three points
viz. simplicity cheapness and neatness of finish are considered great advantages.
Should it be required to open the bottom sash back on to the linings of the
frame the top portion of the hinge may be made to project in front of the stop
bead as at g Figure 7 and 8 a plate his fixed to the sash projecting the same
distance from the face of the sash where the pin is put instead of the pin or
screw e.
It is clear that hinges of the foregoing description might be put to the top sash
equally as well as to the bottom sash providing that grooves are formed in the
parting bead and outside lining for the hinge to run in but it is preferred to effect
the opening inwards of the sash in the following manner.
A slot is formed in the top side of the meeting rail of the bottom sash and in
the underside of the meeting rail of the top sash preferably about 2 inches from
the face of the pulley style each with a metal slotted plate E F to the inside face
of the top rail of the top sash and the outside face of the bottom rail of the bottom
sash hooks are fixed so that on pulling down the top sash as far as it will go the
hook on the top rail enters the slot formed in the top of the meeting rail and the
slot in the underside of its meeting rail engages with the hook on the bottom rail
all as previously described and providing that the sashes are free on the closing
side both will swing together into the room to an angle of about 90 degrees the
exact angle depending on the position of the pin or screw e in the sliding metal
hinges and the width of the stop bead to allow of the top sash clearing the pulley
style on the closing side when they are swung forward into the room the slots are
made sufficiently long for the hooks to slide freely about 3 or more in same as
may be necessary depending on the thickness and width of the sash.
The parting bead and the corresponding angle of the style of the bottom sash is
bevelled as at a and the outside lining and the corresponding angle of the style of
the top sash is treated in a similar manner as at to allow the sash to clear when
being opened inwards.
The grooves for the hinges to run in may be formed of or lined with metal for
either the whole or a part of their length preferably a short piece of lining
Figures 18 and 19 will be fixed opposite or next each of the binges when they
are in the required position for the sash to open inwards as these are the only
points where there is any material strain or pressure on the grooves when the sashes
are opened inwards.
.
With the hinges working in grooves as herein previously described the weights
on one side of the window might be dispensed with but the result is unsatisfactory
as the hinges grind against the grooves the sash falls at the point and binds in the
frame and ultimately the sash goes out of square moreover there is insufficient
room in the boxing of an ordinary window frame for a single weight to a sash
of the necessary diameter and length to slide freely therefore in this invention the
Bashes are hung or balanced with weights on both sides and the lines or cords with

page_text: their attached weights are disconnected from the sash when it is opened into the
room and again attached when they are closed into their usual sliding or running
position in the frame in the following manner. That is to say a piece of metal
(hereinafter termed the clutch plate and marked N in Figures 13, 15 and 16).is
employed its size and thickness depending on the thickness and size of the sashes
it is turned up at the end at right angles to its face for about half its width and
at an angle to the edge forming a nib as V in the fig. referred to, this nib
projects about inch and engages with a corresponding indentation formed in the
edge of the sash and lined with metal and shewn in Figures 20 and 21.
The sash line is attached to the clutch plate at t the method of attaching the
sash line is immaterial and would depend on the description of line employed
whether hemp copper chain gut piano wire or of steel ribbon as shewn.
The hole o is formed to take the bolt H it is somewhat higher than the thickness
of the bolt H so that the bolt may pass through freely.
The nib V is formed on the slope so that it will engage with and take its bearing
more freely with the corresponding plate c¹ when the sash is closed to and it allows
of the clutch plate rising up and taking a bearing in the indentation to the
underside of the bolt as the sashes are being opened inwards.
As an additional security against the clutch plate moving away from its right
position for the bolt to enter the hole o a catch P is formed on its back it is made
to slide freely in the groove L or K which prevents its lateral movement and passes
behind the clutch bolt plate R which prevents its coming away from the face of the
pulley style.
The clutch bolt is of the form G. H swinging on the pivot d' the sloping notch
on the underside is for the purpose of the more certain attachment of the clutch
plate to the same and that it may be drawn towards and held more closely against
the face of the pulley style when the sash is opened away from the same into the
room. In the illustration Figures 12, 13 and 14 the bolts is shewn in its thrown.
forward position when the sashes are both away.
The clutch plate is not shewn in Figures 12 and 14 and the clutch bolt is not
shewn in Figure 16 for the purpose of prevention of confusion of lines in the
drawing. The tails of the bolts are marked e¹.
The bolts project through the clutch face plates about inch and into the hole o
of the clutch plate being pivotted and with tails as previously described when
the bolt is free from the clutch plate and the sash is in its running position in the
frame the tail of the bolt would be at right angles to the pulley style and fair with
the stop bead for the bottom sash and fair with the bead on the firring piece gl.
for the top sash as shewn by the dotted lines so that the sashes will slide clear of.
same when the sash is opened inwards it pushes against the tail until it lies fair
with the face of the pulley style for the bottom sash and with the firring piece g¹
for the top sash consequently throwing forward the bolt at the other end through
the clutch plate aud so securing the sash line and its attached weight in a stationery
position whilst the sash is swung inwards.
The clutch complete to the top sash is similar to that above described to the
bottom sash excepting that the tail of the bolt is not notched and the clutch plate
is narrower so that it will slide freely between the outside lining and the cock.
bead when such a bead is put instead of the parting bead.
To prevent the weight of the bottom sash striking against the clutch bolt H
two small gusset blocks are fixed in the angle of the boxing at j' forming a recess
for the bolt.
To allow of the bottom sash being opened it is necessary to remove a part of
the stop bead on the closing side instead of hingeing it as is customary for such a
purpose an shaped piece of metal m' is attached to the back one edge being
inserted in a groove or saw cut formed in the frame thus by fixing the metal strip
slightly curved or bent it will hold the bead firmly in its position without other
fastenings and also form a weather joint or as an alternative a plain metal or wood
tongue n' may be put.

page_text: For the top sash the pulley style on the closing side is firred forward by the
piece g about or in front of the general face of the pulley style for the
bottom sash the parting bead projecting in front of the firring piece and continued
from the head of the frame down to about the level of the underside of the
meeting rails so that the top sash will open out clear beneath the same when
pulled down as far as it will go or a cock bead may be substituted which is
made to work in the edge of the style of the sash as shewn and cut off at the same
height. The firring piece g¹ serves the purpose of a parting bead to the bottom
sash.
The outside lining k¹ is made to project in front of the firring piece g¹ about
of an inch it may be continued down to the cill or cut off about 2 inches below
the underside of the meeting rails as at land below that point finish fair with the
firring piece g¹.
Grooves K and L are formed on the closing side of the frame for the lines to
the top and bottom sash and the guide catch P to work in and allowing the sash to
clear the same when opened inwards the pulley for the top sash may be fixed
beneath the firring piece g¹ vizt. fair with the pulley style in the usual manner and
that for the bottom sash next same will be slightly recessed so that the line may
pass around the wheel free of the face plate of the pulley.
The grooves K and L may be of the entire height of the frame but preferrably
they may be stopped at the level of the clutch bolts G and H.
We are aware that sliding hinges with a knuckle joint (as in an ordinary butt
hinge) have been in use previously and we do not rely on novelty as to a sliding
hinge but on the particular form of sliding hinge with its combination of parts as
herein before described in detail the chief features of this improved hinge being
as follows:-viat.-that it is more simple to manufacture, cheaper, more easy to fix
and that it is practically out of sight when the sash is in its normal sliding position
in the fime.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
hinge for sliding sashes enabling the
herein before described in reference to
1st. An improved description of sliding
sash to be opened inwards substantially as
and shewn on the accompanying drawings.
2nd. The hooks and slotted plates for the purpose of supporting the top sash by
the bottom sash when it is opened inwards substantially as herein before described
in reference to and shewn on the accompanying drawings.
3rd. The clutch bolt and clutch plate with the several component parts for the
automatic detachment of the line and its balance weight when the sash is opened
inwards and its retention in that position ready for the reattachment of the sash
to the line with its weight when the sash is closed into its position in the frame
substantially as herein before described in reference to and shown on the accompanying
drawings.
4th. The general arrangement construction and combination of the various parts
constituting the improved means for enabling sliding sashes to be opened inwards
for safety cleaning painting and other purposes substantially as herein before
described in reference to and shown on the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Founteanth dom
ht hundul
W. B. BIRD.
GEORGE RAW,
Secretary to The Globe Inventors' Trading Company, Limited,
and on its behalf.