IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WHAVING PARTLY ADDLICABLE TO BEAMING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Tonge, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WHAVING PARTLY ADDLICABLE TO BEAMING MACHINES.
"
Sealed the 15th July 1870, and dated the 16th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Tonge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1870.
I, RICHARD TONGE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO BEAMING
MACHINES," to be as follows :-
My improvements in looms relate to the letting-off and taking-up
motions.
In weaving certain fabrics it is necessary to employ two or more warps,
and these warps must be let off in different proportions.
My Invention consists in connecting the beams by toothed wheels and
intermediate wheels, one or more of which are changeable, so as to vary

page_text: the relative proportion given off each warp beam. I also apply a spring
or weight to the stud carrying the intermediate wheels or to the beams
themselves, by which arrangement the warps are kept at the desired
tension; or I convey the warps from each beam between a pair of
rollers that are weighted or connected by toothed gearing; in this case
the relative quantity of each warp is drawn off each beam by connecting
the two or more pairs of rollers as above described. This improvement
is equally applicable to a single warp beam or to two warp beams either
connected by toothed gearing or friction, or otherwise.
My improved taking-up motion consists in drawing the fabric forward
by a pair of positive friction rollers with fluted, plain, or roughened
surfaces, cither connected by gearing or pressure, and in winding the
fabric on to the cloth beam by pressing the flanges of the beam against
one of the friction rollers. The cloth beam is provided with a ratchet
wheel and retaining pall.
My Invention also consists in uniting the rollers or beams or the
intermediate wheel or their stud of the positive letting-off and taking-up
motions above described, or any other letting-off and taking-up motions
by toothed chains, wheels, pinions, and shaft, or other equivalents, so
that the warp or warps let off may be in the exact proportion to the
taking up of the fabrics. In all cases the rollers of the letting-off and
taking-up motions, whether connected or otherwise, are made so that
they may be moved in the direction to unweave a certain number of
picks if required.
My improvements in beaming machines consist in applying thereto
two or more warp beams connected as above described in reference to
my improvements in letting-off motions, so as to wind two or more
warps on one beam at different tensions,
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Tonge in the Great Seal Patent Office on 30
the 15th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
TONGE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS IIer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Richard Tonge, Her special licence that I, the
said Richard Tonge, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Tonge, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,
PARTLY APPLICABLE TO BEAMING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Richard Tonge, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Touge, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
The nature of my Invention consists in certain improvements in the
letting-off and taking-up motions of looms, the letting-off motions being
also partly applicable to beaming machines.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
'
Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section of a loom to which parts of
my improvements are applied, and Fig. 2 is a back view of the same.
is the crank shaft; b, the tappet shaft; c and d, the warp beams;
c, the breast beam; f, the taking-up roller; and g, the cloth roller. The
parts above enumerated and the others not shown in the Drawing and
not particularly referred to hereafter are made in the usual manner.
weaving certain fabrics, such as reps or welts and satin stripes, it is
In

page_text: necessary to employ two or more warps, and these warps must be let off
their beams in different proportions. Now my Invention consists in
connecting the warp beams by toothed wheels and intermediate wheels
or pinions, one or both of which can be changed so as to vary the
proportion of warp delivered from each beam. One mode of accom-
plishing this object is as follows:-To each of the warp beams c and d is
fixed a toothed wheel marked c¹ and d³ respectively. The wheel c¹ gears
into the intermediate pinion h which is fixed on the same shaft as the
pinion h¹ gearing into the wheel d', and as the pinions h and h¹ have a
different number of teeth while the wheels c and d have the same
number of teeth, it is evident that the beams c and d do not revolve at
the same speed, the difference in the relative speeds being varied by
changing either one or both of the pinions h and h¹ to suit the particular
fabric that is being woven. The shaft of the pinions h and h¹ revolves
in the bush i fixed to the loom side, and to this shaft is fixed the pulley h³
around which the friction cord or chain h³ passes; one end of this cord is
secured to the spring *, and the other end is connected to the weighted
lever j. The tension of the cord can be varied by changing the position
of the weight on the lever j. As the cloth is taken up the warps are
gradually unwound off the warp beams in the usual manner, but the
relative definite proportion is unwound off each beam by the connecting
gearing above described. I wish to remark here that the apparatus for
weighting the warps c and d may be applied to looms in which only one

page_text: the wheels between the tappet shaft b and the roller f. If it should be
found desirable to stop the taking-up motion at intervals the bracket k³
in which the shaft k¹ revolves is swivelled partly round either by hand
or by a cord connected to the shedding motion, so as to lower the
worm k³ out of gear with the pinion m; this may be performed by means
of the lever k*, which is hinged to the lower part of the framing; the
longer arm of this lever is connected by a cord to the shedding motion,
and the shorter arm is connected by the link to the swivel frame k³,
consequently every time the long arm of the lever k* is raised the short
arm is depressed, thereby drawing the worm out of gear with the
pinion m; this arrangement is particularly beneficial in weaving satin
stripes and other similar fabrics. To the pinion m³ is fixed the toothed
or ratchet wheel m² in which the retaining catch m³ gears, the object of
this catch is for holding the taking-up roller when the worm is out of
gear with the pinion m.
Fig. 3 represents a loom to which my improved positive letting-off and
taking-up motions are applied; in this view the parts marked a, b, b¹, c,
c¹, d, d¹, e, f, ƒ¹, g, h, h¹, i, k, k¹, k², m, m¹, n, and n' are similar to those
above referred to. The improved positive letting-off motion consists of
the following parts :-The bevel pinion 6' gears into the pinion o which is
fixed to the same shaft as the worm o¹ gearing into the pinion o³, which
is connected to the pinion o³ gearing into the wheel p; to the boss of this
wheel is fixed a pinion p² gearing into the wheel c² fixed to the upper
warp beam c, which transmits the requisite motion to the other warp
beam d by the pinions / and /', as described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
The shaft of the bevél pinion o and worm o¹ revolves in a swivel bearing
which is connected by the link o³ to the shedding motion in the manner
described above in reference to the taking-up motion. A retaining
pall and wheel must be applied to the pinions o² and o³ to hold
the warp beam or beams. By this means the positive letting-off and
taking-up motions are united, but as it is necessary to vary the speed of
the warp beams in proportion to the reduced diameter of the yarn as it
is unwound off them, I make the pinion o* or p' capable of being casily
replaced by another of a different number of teeth, or instead of altering
the speed of the warp beams by a change pinion I increase the speed as
the warp beam is reduced in diameter by a pair of cone drums, as shewn
in Figs. 4 and 5. In these views a is the crank shaft; b, the tappet
shaft and c, the warp beam. To the tappet shaft is fixed the cone b²,

page_text: which by the strap p drives the cone q; on the shaft of this cone is the
worm q¹ gearing into the wheel r fixed on the upright shaft r¹, to which
is also fixed the worm gearing into the wheel c¹ on the warp beam c.
The cone strap p passes through the strap fork p¹ fixed on the rod p
which is connected to the elbow lever 8, one arm of which is provided
with a bowl s¹, which is held in contact with the warp by the spring &
or other equivalent. The Drawing represents the parts of this apparatus
in the positions they occupy when the warp beam is about half full and
the strap p is about in the centre of the length of the cones. As the
warp is unwound off the beam the strap fork p¹ is gradually moved in
the direction of the arrow in Fig. 5, thereby bringing the strap on to the
larger diameter of the cone 2, and increasing the speed of the cone q,
thereby increasing the speed at which the warp beam is turned round in
proportion to the reduction in the diameter of the warp, and maintaining
a uniform delivery.
Fig. 6 represents another of my improvements in the letting-off
motion. In this view c and d are the two warp beams, the warp from the
beam c is taken between the fluted rollers t, t, and the warp from the
beam is taken between the rollers, ¹. The rollers and u are
connected by the change pinions h, ', which are similar to those shewn
in Figs. 1 and 2, the pinion gearing into the wheel on the roller t,
and the pinion h' gearing into the wheel u³ on the roller u. By varying
the number of teeth in these pinions the relative quantity of warp can
be drawn off each warp beam to suit the fabric that is being woven.
The rollers t,, t', and u, u¹, are pressed together to bind the warps.
My improvements in beaming machines consist in applying thereto
two or more warp beams connected by toothed wheels and change
pinions as above described in reference to my improvements in letting-
off motions, so as to wind two or more warps on one beam at different
tensions.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described several
modes of performing the same, I wish to remark that I do not intend to
limit myself to the details given, as the same may be varied or modified
to suit the peculiar construction of loom to wbich my improvements are
applied or otherwise; I would also remark that I do not claim any of a
the well-known parts of the loom, which are only shewn or described
to illustrate the mode of applying my improvements; but what I
claim is,―

page_text: First. The improved letting-off motion shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 when
applied to looms in which one or more warp beams are employed.
Secondly. Connecting the warp beams by toothed wheels and change
pinions so as to be able to vary the relative quantity of warp given off
cach beam, as shewn and described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
Thirdly. The improved positive taking-up motion shewn in Fig. 1.
Fourthly. Connecting the shedding motion to the taking-up motion
for the purpose described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
Fifthly. The combined positive letting-off and taking-up motions, as
shewn and described in reference to Fig. 3.
Sixthly. The application of cones to the letting-off motion as shewn
and described in reference to Figs. 4 and 5.
Seventhly. Connecting the rollers by which the warp is drawn off the
warp beams by toothed wheels and change pinions in the manner and
for the purpose described in reference to Figs. 6.
And, lastly. The application of toothed wheels and change pinions to
the warp beams of beaming machines, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Tonge, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September One thousand
eight hundred and seventy.