Improvements in Apparatus for Forming or Weaving Selvages.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Feb., 1898
Complete Sonnifientian Laft 01nt Ant 1800- Ancanted 10th Den. 1000
Date of Application, 3rd Feb.,
Complete Specification Loft, 21st Oct.,
1000
1898
Accepted 10th Dec., 1000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION:
Improvements in Apparatus for Forming or Weaving Selvages.
We, EDWARD HOLLINGWORTH, of Hutchinson, Hollingworth and Company,
Limited, of Dobcross Loom Works, Dobcross, in the County of York, Loom Makers,
and JAMES EDWARD STEPHENSON, of the same place, Foreman Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates more especially to the weaving of two or more pieces, or
widths of cloth side by side in the loom at one time and in one operation, and com-
prises apparatus for forming or weaving the inner or adjacent selvages of said cloths ;
a modified construction of the apparatus being applicable for weaving or forming
the outer selvages, if required.
The object of our improvements is to provide for the above purpose, a simplified,
less costly, and more efficient apparatus, the operative mechanisin of which is located
below or under the cloth and entirely out of the way of the weaver who will thus
have an uninterrupted view of the selvages as they are formed.
In carrying out our invention we employ a bracket or standard which is secured
to the inner side of the front rail or breast beam of the loom in such a position that
the mechanism will be lineable or coincident with the edges of the cloths being
woven. Supported by said bracket and free to reciprocate or slide longitudinally
thereon, is a frame or plate carrying two studs upon which are mounted friction
bowls or pulleys, or the studs themselves may act in place of the bowls or pulleys.
These bowls enter and engage with the sides of cam grooves or suitably inclined or
cam surfaces formed in or on two levers pivotted or hinged on a stud secured to a
slide adapted to reciprocate or slide longitudinally in ways in the bracket in the
same direction as the aforesaid plate or frame. To the upper or outer ends of the
levers are secured needles of upwardly curved formation having their ends bent or
formed at right angles on the inner or opposing sides and wherein are three or other
suitable number of eyelets to receive the threads for weaving or forming the
selvages. The frame or plate first mentioned lies in the path of the going part or
running board of the loom and is engaged thereby at each beat up of the weft
and forced back to a predetermined extent against the resistance of a light spiral
spring surrounding a spindle connected to the frame and passing. through an
opening in a part of the slide, and then to the full limit of motion against the
pressure of a strong flat spring acting against the slide, which is actuated by the
frame in the final movement. The said springs likewise ensure the return or for-
ward movement of the plate or frame and the slide to their norinal positions as the
going part recedes to the back centre.
In such forward movement of the plate or frame the bowls are caused to travel
along the cam grooves or surfaces in the levers which are thus drawn towards each.
other but, by reason of the arrangement of said cam grooves in their respective
levers, one of such levers moves in advance of the other and carries its needle into
the "shed" on one side of the dividing line of the two cloths, whereupon the
second lever advances and presents its needle to the shed on the other side of the
dividing line of the two cloths, such movement drawing off lengths of thread from
'

page_text: two spools or bobbins located in any convénient position under the loom, sufficient
tension being put on the threads by the guide surfaces over which they pass.
The parts remain dormant while the loom picks and when the reed or going part
advances toward the front centre, it engages the fratne or plate and forcing it
backward causes the levers to move away from each other and withdraw the
needles from the shed, the loops of thread formed by the action of the needles
being left in the shed wherein they are secured by the next change of shed.
It is, however, essential, before the going part arrives at the front centre, to remove
the loop forming needles clear of the reed so as not to have contact with the dents
of the reed. For this purpose the slide is employed, said slide, after the needles are
withdrawn, being forced backward against the resistance of the strong flat spring by
the continued backward movement of the plate or frame which remains in engagement
with the advancing "going part," that is to say, succeeding the withdrawal of the
needles from the "shed," the whole of the operative mechanism is forced in a
backward direction and thereby places the needles clear of the dents of the reed, as
it beats up against the weft. The plate or frame may be provided with a setting up
nut or head for adjusting the apparatus in relation to the reed.
The same form of apparatus arranged singly instead of in duplicate, may be
employed, if required, for forming the outer selvages of the cloth.
liated this 2nd day of Wobrow 1000
Improvements in Apparatus for Forming or Weaving Selvages.
We, EDWARD HOLLINGWORTH, of Hutchinson, Hollingworth and Company, Limited,
of Dobcross Loom Works, Dobcross, in the County of York, Loom Makers, and JAMES
EDWARD STEPHENSON, of the same place, Foreman Mechanic, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates more especially to the weaving of two or more pieces or
widths of cloth, side by side in the loom at one time and in one operation, and com-
prises apparatus for forming or weaving the inner or adjacent selvages of said cloths,
a modified construction of the apparatus being applicable for weaving or forming the
outer selvages, if required.
The object of our improvements is to provide for the above purpose a simplified,
less costly, and more efficient apparatus, the operative mechanism of which is located
below or under the cloth and entirely out of the way of the weaver, who will thus
have an uninterrupted view of the selvages as they are formed.
In carrying out our invention we employ a bracket or standard which is secured
to the inner side of the front rail or breast beam of the loom in such a position that
the mechanism will be lineable or coincident with the edges of the cloths being
woven. Supported by said bracket and free to reciprocate or slide longitudinally
thereon is a frame or plate carrying two studs upon which are mounted friction
bowls or pulleys or the studs themselves may act in place of the bowls or pulleys.
These bowls enter and engage with the sides of cam grooves or suitably inclined or
cam surfaces and formed in or on two levers pivotted or hinged on studs secured to a
slide adapted to reciprocate or slide longitudinally in ways in the bracket in the
same direction as the aforesaid plate or frame. To the upper or outer ends of the
levers are secured needles of upwardly curved formation having their ends bent or
formed at right angles on the inner or opposing sides and wherein are three or other

page_text: suitable number of eyelets to receive the threads for weaving or forming the
selvages.
The frame or plate first mentioned lies in the path of the going part or running
board of the loom and is engaged thereby at each beat up of the weft and forced
back to a predetermined extent against the resistance of a light spiral spring. sur-
rounding a spindle connected to the frame and passing through an opening in a part
of the slide, and then to the full limit of motion against the pressure of a strong flat
spring acting against the slide, which is actuated by the frame in the final movement.
The said springs likewise ensure the return or forward movement of the plate or
frane and the slide to their normal positions as the going part recedes to the back
centre. In such forward movement of the plate or frame the bowls are caused to
travel along the cam grooves or surfaces in the levers which are thus drawn towards
each other but, by reason of the arrangement of said cam grooves in their respective
levers, one of such levers moves in advance of the other and carries its needle into
the "shed" on one side of the dividing line of the two cloths, whereupon the second
lever advances and presents its needle to the shed on the other side of the dividing
line of the two cloths, such movement drawing off lengths of thread from two spools
or bobbins located in any convenient position under the loom, sufficient tension being
put on the threads by the guide surfaces over which they pass. The parts remain
dorinant while the loom picks, and when the reed or going part advances toward the
front centre, it engages the frame or plate, and forcing it backward, causes the levers
to move away from each other and withdraw the. needles from the shed, the loops of
thread formed by the action of the needles being left in the shed, wherein they are
secured by the next change of shed. It is, however, essential before the going part
arrives at the front centre, to remove the loop forming needles clear the reed so
as not to have contact with the dents of the reed. For this purpose the slide is
einployed, said slide, after the needles are withdrawn, being forced backward against
the resistance of the strong flat spring by the continued backward movement of the
plate or frame which remains in engagement with the advancing "going part," that
is to say, succeeding the withdrawal of the needles from the "shed". the whole of the
operative mechanism is forced in a backward direction and thereby places the
needles clear of the dents of the reed as it beats up against the weft.
The plate or
frame may be provided with a setting up nut or head for adjusting the apparatus
in relation to the reed.
In order that our invention may be fully understood, reference is hereinafter
had to the drawings annexed hereto and forming a part of this specification, in
which
Fig. 1 is top plan view of our improved selvage motion, the parts being shewn in
a fully advanced position with the loop forming needles at the end of their forward
stroke and within the shed;
Fig. 2 is side elevation of same;
Fig. 3 is a similar view to Fig. 1, shewing in full line the parts in their retracted
positions with the loop forming needles clear of the shed and, in dotted line, the
position of said parts when retreated out of the way of the reed.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section taken on line a, b, of Fig. 3.
Fig. is end elevation of Fig. 4 looking in the direction of arrow c.
Fig. 6 is elevation of the loop forming needles in the position illustrated and
described in connection with Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 illustrates the manner of forming the selvages on two adjacent edges of
cloth woven in two or more widths in the loom.
Referring to the drawings the numeral 1 represents a bracket or standard which is
bolted to the inner side or face of the front rail or breast beam 2 of the loom in a
position under or below the fabric being woven. 3 represents the slayboard or
"going part" of the loom which is shewn in a partly advanced position and on the
point of engaging with the selvage motion. Arranged transversely of the bracket 1
and underneath same is a slide 4 provided with a depending lug or projection 5
carrying at its lower end a spindle 6 which passes through an opening in a

page_text: bracket 7 bolted to a plate or carriage 8 fitting in a longitudinal opening in the
bracket and adapted to slide endwise in ways 9 formed at the sides of said
opening,
The slide 4 is supported from the bracket 1 by friction pulleys or bowls 10, 11,
which rest on the face of the said bracket and are secured by washers and cotters
or pins 12, 13, on studs 14, 15, extending through longitudinal slots 16, 17, in
bracket 1 and attached to opposite ends of the slide 4. The friction bowls 10, 11,
enter and engage respectively with the sides of cam grooves 18, 19, formed in
levers 20, 21, which rest in the face of bracket 1 and are pivotted on studs 22, 23,
secured to the plate or carriage 8.
The slide 4 is moveable longitudinally backwards and forwards within the limits of
the slots 16, 17, and during such longitudinal movement the friction bowls 10, 11,
are caused to travel along the cam grooves 18, 19, by reason of which the levers 20, 21,
are forced outward away from each other, or inward towards each other according to
the direction of movement of slide 4. The cam grooves 18, 19, differ slightly from
each other in formation, one being timed to act in advance of the other when the
slide 4 is moving in one direction and to act later than the other when the slide
moves in the opposite direction as will be hereafter described.
24 is a spiral spring which surrounds the spindle 6 and is confined between the
lug 5 on slide 4 and bracket 7 forming part of the carriage or plate 8.
25 is a strong flat spring secured at one end to the breast beam 2 and pressing at
its opposite end against the bracket 7.
To the extremities of the levers 20, 21, are secured needles 26, 27, which are bent
or curved inwardly at right angles toward each other and provided with three or other
suitable number of eyelets or openings 28, 29, to receive the threads 30, 31, for
forming the loops. The needle 26 which is the first to enter the shed, is of
upwardly curved formation at the end in order that when entering the shed from
under the warp, it will elevate the warp slightly and allow the needle 27 to pass into
the "shed," said needle 27 being also slightly inclined to adapt it to pass easily
between the warp.
Hinged on a stud secured to a lug 32 on plate or carriage 8 is a lever 33 carrying
at its forward end vertical prongs or fingers 34, 35, whose function is to prevent the
lengths of yarn cast by the needles 26, 27, into the shed from being drawn out again
when the needles are withdrawn from the shed.
On the forward end of said lever is also a cam or inclined surface 36, which when the
carriage 8 is slided endwise toward the breast beam is adapted to engage with a recess
or socket 37, see Fig. 4, formed in the end of the bracket 1 which depresses the said
lever and withdraws the prongs or fingers 34, 35, out of the shed. The lever 33 is
re-instated in the position shewn in Fig. 1 by the slide 4 which in its forward move-
ment, engages with the curved surface 38 on the underside of the lever 33 and elevates
it to its proper position, tension being put on the lever 33 by a spiral spring 39
surrounding a stud or pin 40 and confined between a lug 41 attached to the carriage 8
and the rear end of lever 33 to which said pin or stud is jointed.
The loops, threads, or yarns 30, 31, are drawn off separate bobbins mounted under
the loom or in any other suitable position, and the requisite tension on the yarns is
obtained by causing them to pass over one or more guide rods or surfaces.
The action of the loop forming mechanism is as follows:-
As the reed 3 moves backward after beating up the last shoot of weft, it releases
the motion, whose parts are in the position shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 3, where-
upon the strong flat spring 25 acting against the bracket 7 forces the carriage 8 and
parts connected therewith forward to the position shewn in full line in Fig. 3,
when its further movement is arrested by engagement with the ends of the
ways 9 in bracket 1.
forward to the end of its stroke, whereby the levers 20, 21, are drawn toward
each other to the position shewn at Fig. 1, the lever 20 by reason of the quicker
angle at the rear end of its cam groove 18 moving inwardly in advance of the
lever 21 and introducing the needle 26 into the shed before the needle 27, the
The spiral spring 24 now expands and forces the slide 4

page_text: upwardly curved end of said needle 26 pressing against the loop threads in
the lower half of the shed, and elevating them until the said needle is fully within the
shed. The opening made in the warp as above allows the needle 27 to enter
the "shed" immediately after the needle 26 and when both needles are fully home,"
the warp threads assume their normal position as illustrated in Fig. 6. At the same
time as the needles are introduced into the "shed," the prongs or fingers 34, 35, are
also forced up into the shed by the action of slide 4 on the curved surface 38 and
occupy positions on the inner sides of the looping threads or yarns. The needles
pass into the shed from opposite sides of the dividing line of the widths of fabric
being woven and carry a length of yarn into same to form the loops. The parts
remain dormant while the loon picks, and when the slayboard 3 moves forward again
in the direction of arrow d (Figs. 1 and 2) to the front centre, it engages with a
nut 42 screwed into the lug 5, and presses the slide 4 backward against the resistance
of spiral spring 24, the backward movement of said slide causing first the lever 21
and then the lever 20 to move outward, away from each other to the full extent, as
shewn in full line in Figs. 3 and 4, the needles 26, 27, being thus withdrawn from the
shed and leaving a length of yarn in each adjacent selvage or edge of the two widths
of fabric being woven. As the needles move outward from the shed, the lengths of
yarn cast in the shed are held by the prongs 34, 35, which prevent such lengths of
yarn from being accidentally drawn out by the receding movement of the needles,
especially in fast running looms. The levers 20, 21, having been moved outward to
their full extent, as shewn in full line in Figs. 3 and 4 it is now essential that the
loop forming needles should be retreated out of the way of the reed 43 so as not to
have contact therewith as it beats up against the cloth. The continued movement,
therefore, of the slayboard 3 pressing against the slide 4 overcomes the resistance of
the strong flat spring 25, whereby the carriage 8, together with the parts connected.
therewith, and the slide 4 are slided bodily backward from the position shewn in full
line to that shewn in dotted line in Figs. 3 and 4, thus carrying the loop forming,
needles to a position clear of the reed as it beats up. As the carriage 8 slides
backward, the lever 33 is depressed and the prongs or fingers 34, 35, thereby
withdrawn from the shed. On the slayboard returning to the back centre, the parts
are forced forward to the positions shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 by the springs 25 and 24
as before described and another set of loops formed in the shed.
The whole of the notion above described is located under the cloth being woven
and does not therefore interfere in any way with the weaver, who has a clear and
unobstructed view of the selvages as they are woven.
The notion is provided with a brass or other metal shield or cover 44 (shewn in
dotted line Fig. 2) over which the cloth travels as it is woven and is then held clear
of the operative parts.
The movement of the needles into the shed draws off the necessary lengths of
yarn to form each loop and the loops when formed are secured by each change of shed
and shoot of weft, the weaving proceeding in the ordinary manner.
The same form and arrangement of apparatus but with one lever and loop forming
needle instead of two levers and needles, may be employed if required, for forming
the outer selvages of the cloth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In a loop forming motion for weaving selvages, the employment of a pair of
levers, each lever being provided with a loop formning needle carrying a separate
thread, a carriage or plate adapted to slide longitudinally on a fixed bracket and
carrying studs on which said levers are pivotted, a longitudinally moveable slide sup-
ported from or by the fixed bracket and carrying friction bowls or pulleys which
engage with cam grooves formed in the levers and in their longitudinal traverse move
the levers laterally, or to and froin each other, and a spiral and strong flat spring
acting respectively against the slide and carriage, the parts being actuated in one

page_text: direction by the slayboard or "going part," and in the opposite direction by said
springs all arranged and operating in the manner and for the purposes substantially
as herein shewn and described.
2. A loop forming motion for weaving selvages comprising levers centred on a
moveable carriage and provided with cam grooves formed to act one in advance of
the other, suitably formed needles attached to said levers and carrying separate
threads, the means described for actuating said parts to place the needles within the
shed to cast lengths of yarn or loops therein as the slayboard retreats to the back
centre and to withdraw them froin the "shed" as the slayboard advances to the
front centre and means for holding the loops or lengths of yarn or thread cast in
the shed as the needles are withdrawn therefrom, all arranged, operated, and
operating in the manner and for the purposes, substantially as herein shewn and
described.
3. In a loop forming motion for weaving selvages, the combination of one or two
levers with loop forming needles secured thereto, said levers being centred on studs
attached to a moveable carriage and provided with cam grooves, a slide carrying
.friction bowls or pulleys which engage with the sides of the cam grooves in the levers,
a fixed bracket supporting said parts and in or on which they are moveable longi-
tudinally and laterally, a hinged lever such as 33 carrying at its forward end prongs
or fingers adapted to pass vertically through the warp into the shed and to hold the
thread or yarn cast therein by the needles and springs 24 and 25 all arranged
and operating as herein shewn and described.
4. The general arrangement, construction, and combination of the several parts
comprising the herein described motion for weaving selvages on two adjacent edges
of cloth woven in two or more widths in the loom, said motion being supported by
a bracket preferably fixed to the breast beam in a position under or below the fabric
being woven and central with the dividing line between the adjacent widths of
cloth, said parts being operated and operating, substantially as herein shewn and
described.
Dated this 90th day of October 1908
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Patent Agents, Halifax, Agents for Applicants.