IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Gardner, of Maidstone, in the County of
Kent, Engineer and Brassfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
Sealed the 19th September 1860, and dated the 20th March 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Gardner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
March 1860.
I, EDWARD GARDNER, of Maidstone, in the County of Kent, Engineer and
Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improved forms or constructions of what
are known as the " making cylinders" of paper-making machines, and
consists, according to one modification, in grooving or channelling the surface
of the cylinder, such grooves or channels communicating with the interior of
the cylinder by suitable passages or openings. Transverse ribs or grooves at
right angles to the grooving or channelling of the cylinder are also provided
at suitable intervals. Any suitable design or trade mark may be made on the
surface of the cylinder during the cutting process. Inside this cylinder is
fitted a vacuum box, connected by a pipe with any convenient exhausting
apparatus.
According to another modification it is proposed to apply a wire gauze

page_text: covering to the surface of the cylinder, such surface being composed of a
number of grooved strips of metal placed side by side, with slits or aper-
tures at convenient distances for establishing a communication with the
vacuum box inside the cylinder; these grooved strips of metal serve as the
foundation or support for the wire cloth, and the use of the backing wire is 5
thereby dispensed with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Gardner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th September 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
GARDNER, of Maidstone, in the County of Kent, Engineer and Brassfounder,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of March in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Edward Gardner, Her special license that I, the said Edward
Gardner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Edward Gardner, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Edward Gardner, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Gardner, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to certain improved constructions of what is

page_text: known as the "making cylinder" in a paper-making machine, and consists,
according to one modification, to be used in the production of laid paper in
grooving or channelling the surface of the cylinder, such grooves or channels
communicating with the interior of the cylinder by suitable passages or
openings. Transverse ribs or grooves at right angles to the grooving or
channelling of the cylinder are also provided at suitable intervals. Any
suitable design or trade mark may be made on the surface of the cylinder
during the cutting process. Inside this cylinder is fitted a vacuum box, con-
nected by a pipe with any convenient exhausting apparatus.
According to another modification to be used in the production of wove
paper it is proposed to apply a wire gauze covering to the surface of the
cylinder, such surface being composed of a number of grooved strips of metal
placed side by side, with slits or apertures at convenient distances for
establishing a communication with the vacuum box inside the cylinder.
These grooved strips of metal serve as the foundation or support for the
wire cloth, and the use of the backing wire is thereby dispensed with.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to both Figures in the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout both
Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a transverse section of my improved
making cylinder" with its vacuum box, as constructed for the manufacture
of what is known as laid paper; and Figure 2 is a corresponding side view,
and partial longitudinal section of a portion of the cylinder shewing the
internal vacuum box in elevation.
A represents a brass cylinder, on the surface of which are fitted, by screws
or otherwise, a series of brass strips B, B, so disposed round the surface of the
cylinder as to leave slits or openings a, a, between their contiguous edges, as
shewn in the Drawings. These edges are bevelled, in order to leave a space
of sufficient width at the base to cover the rows of holes b, b, made beneath
them in the surface of the cylinder, and thus establish a communication
between the interior and exterior of the cylinder. A series of fine parallel
grooves or channels are cut across each of the strips, as shewn more clearly
at in Figure 2, and over this grooved surface the pulp intended for the
manufacture of "laid" paper is passed, a rotatory motion being imparted to
the cylinder for the purpose of carrying the web of paper pulp along. The
vacuum box C is contained inside the cylinder, and remains stationary during
the rotation of the cylinder. This box is formed on a tube D, into the interior

page_text: of which it opens by the long mouth or slotted aperture c (Figure 1); the
tube D is connected with an air pump or other suitable air exhauster, and the
edges or lips of the vacuum box are provided with strips of leather or other
suitable packing d, d, for the purpose of establishing an air-tight junction
between the edge of the vacuum box and the interior of the making cylinder.
As the fine transverse grooves or channels made in the strips B communicate
with the longitudinal slits or openings a, and these latter are in direct com-
munication through the holes b with the vacuum box, .it follows, that the
vacuum will act freely and equally over the whole of that portion of the pulp
contained on the cylinder immediately over the vacuum box, the straining of
the water therefrom being effected as fast as fresh pulp passes over the vacuum
box. It will be seen, that by using a cylinder of this construction, the wire
cloth covering is wholly dispensed with in the making of "laid "
paper. In
constructing a cylinder suitable for the production of "wove" paper, the
transverse grooves in the surfaces of the strips B should be considerably wider,
and a wire cloth covering is slipped over them. The spaces between the
grooves serve as supports for the wire cloth, obviate the necessity for the
ordinary "backing wires" hitherto employed.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the peculiar constructions and arrangements of the "making cylinders"
of paper-making machines, as herein-before described.
Second, the combination with the said peculiar "making cylinders" in
paper-making machines of a vacuum box, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Gardner, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
EDWARD GARDNER. (L.S.)

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