IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1885

page_text: I WILLIAM JAMES MONK of Lea Bank Saint Ann's-on-the-Sea in the County of
Lancaster Machinist do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING to be as follows:-
This invention is designed to simplify the construction of looms for weaving
whereby I am enabled to dispense with the ordinary tappet shaft, treadles, picking
bands and the usual appliances for actuating the treadles and picking motion.
I propose to work the picking motion direct from the crank shaft.
For this purpose I fix a bracket on the side of the loom to which the picking stick
is attached and swivels on its bearing, the back part of the said swivelling bearing
which supports the picking stick is actuated by a bowl on the fly wheel, the front
end of the picking stick is formed in the shape of a flat strip, the tapered end of
which passes direct through a loop or slot formed in the top of the picker in the
shuttle box.
This picking arrangement is repeated on each side of the loom, and the picking
stick is held out of position at one side whilst the other picks, by means of an
arrangement of levers worked from a cam shaft beneath the crank shaft.
This cam shaft is actuated from the crank shaft by means of a spur pinion fixed
on the end of the said cam shaft which gears into a small pinion fixed on the
crank shaft between the fly wheel and the framing of the loom; a cam keyed on
the shaft actuates a vertical lever fixed in a bracked at the side, the other or upper
end of which lever carries a finger at right angles thereto, which bears against a
projection or stud on the tail end of the picking stick, thus holding the picking
out of position at one end alternately whilst the other beats up and picks.
Or instead of the picking motion being actuated from a bowl on the fly wheel
of the crank shaft I propose to fix a bracket on the back of the slay, which carries
a stud on which swivels the picking stick, the tail end of the picking stick is
tapered or cut away at an angle, and in the backward movement of the slay
causes the inclined end to come in contact with a sliding piece attached to a
bracket in the loom side which at every revolution of the crank shaft actuates the
picking stick.
This sliding piece is moved up and down at every alternate pick by a suitable
arrangement of mechanism.

page_text: Instead of the ordinary treading motion for lifting the healds, I fix a rod or
roller across the loom beneath the healds, and provided with heald bosses, similar
to the top heald roller to which the healds are attached.
This rod or roller derives its oscillating movement by means of a pinion keyed
on the end thereof, which gears into a quadrant, the slotted tail end of which is
actuated by means of a stud fixed on the face of the pinion on the cam shaft.
Or in some cases instead of the above arrangement I propose to use a tappet
shaft, the tappets of which actuate a slotted bracket or hanging piece to one end of
which the healds are attached, the other or tail end sliding in grids beneath to
steady it.
And the same or equivalent cam arrangements for keeping the picking stick out
of position for each alternate beat up, may be worked direct from this tappet shaft,
instead of from the cam shaft hereinbefore described.

page_text: 454
I WILLIAM JAMES MONK, of Lea Bank Saint-Anns-on-the-Sea in the county of
Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of what are known
as overpick looms for weaving the object of the invention being to simply the
construction of the loom by dispensing with the ordinary tappet shaft, treadles,
picking bands and the usual appliances for actuating the treadles and picking
motion of an overpick loom.
I propose to work the picking motion direct from the crank shaft.
For this purpose I fix a bracket on each side of the loom to which brackets the
picking sticks are attached and rotate on their bearers or carriers the back part of
each of the said bearers or carriers which support the picking sticks is actuated by
a nose on the picking tappet coming in contact with a bowl on the end of the
picking stick; the front end of the picking stick is formed of the shape of a flat or
round strip or bar the tapered end of which passes direct through a loop or slot
formed on the top of the picker in the shuttle box; the picking stick on one side
of the loom is placed or held out of working position whilst the other stick picks
by means of a suitable arrangement of mechanism such as an internal toothed
wheel operated by a pinion on the fly wheel or by an arrangement of levers worked
from cams on a shaft beneath the crank shaft.
In the latter case the cam or tappet shaft is actuated from the crank shaft by
means of a spur pinion fixed on the end of the said cam shaft which gears into a
small pinion fixed on the crank shaft between the fly wheel and the framing of the
loom; the said cams or tappets keyed on their shaft actuate vertical sliding levers
working in brackets at the sides of the loom so as to alternately allow the picking
stick to be out of position at one end of the loom whilst the other stick beats up
and picks; instead of the picking motion being actuated by means of bowls
operated by noses on the picking tappets of the crank shaft as hereinbefore
described I fix brackets on the back of the slay which carry studs on which rotate
the picking sticks; the tail ends of the picking sticks are tapered or formed at an
angle and in the backward movement of the slay the inclined ends are caused to
come in contact with bowls on the said vertical sliding levers which bowls at every
revolution of the crank shaft actuate one of the picking sticks.
Instead of the ordinary treading motion for lifting the healds I fix a rod or roller
across the loom beneath the healds and provided with heald bosses, similar to the
top heald roller to which the healds are attached. This rod or roller receives its
Oscillating movement from a pinion keyed on the end thereof which gears into a
toothed quadrant which is actuated by means of a connecting rod or link attached
to a stud fixed in the face of the spur pinion on the cam shaft or a similar pinion.
on a stud where the cam is not employed.

page_text: In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will proceed to describe
the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1 represents a
back elevation of a loom for weaving, constructed according to my invention, the
alternate picking motion of the picking sticks at each end of the loom being
effected by an internal toothed wheel operated by a pinion on the fly wheel;
figure 2 is an end elevation of the same and figure 3 is a detached face view drawn
to a larger scale of the picking tappet and fly wheel shewing the internal toothed
wheel and pinion; figures 4 and 5 are similar views to figures 1 and 2 but shewing
the arrangement of lever and cam for giving the said alternate motion to the
picking sticks.
Referring to figures 1, 2 and 3, f. f, represent the brackets one of which is
provided at each side of the loom; i, i, are the picking sticks attached to the front
of clutch or catch boxes h, h, fixed to studs or pivots a¹, passing through and
working in holes in the brackets f, f, and thus forming the bearers or carriers for
the picking sticks as they rotate; 6, figures 2 and 3 represents one of the picking
tappets and c, c, are the noses on the tappets b, the said noses being either cast on
the tappets or removably fastened thereto by bolts so that they can be changed for
noses of greater or less length from the plate to the point of the nose to suit looms
of various widths; 1, 1, are the bowls at the tail ends of the picking sticks with
which the noses c, come in contact and thereby operate the back part of the bearers
or carriers which support the picking sticks i, i; the bowls l, work on studs k
fixed in slots in tails or projections 62, on the clutch or catch boxes h, which latter
allow of the position of the sticks i, being adjusted in order to regulate the pick;
the said slots allow the position of the bowls l, to be adjusted for the same purpose;
jj, are the loops or slots formed on the top of the picker, through which loops or
slots j, the front ends of the picking sticks pass direct as shewn in figures 1 and 2;
in other respects the picker is similar to an ordinary over pick picker working on
a spindle; d, figure 3 represents one of the internal toothed wheels cast within the
picking tappet b; e, is the pinion cast on the centre of the fly wheel a, and
provided with half the number of teeth of those of the internal wheel d*; by this
means when the fly wheel a, is set in operation in the manner hereinafter
described the tappets b, are caused to revolve once to every two revolutions of the
crank shaft f, and fly wheels a, thereby producing an alternate picking motion;
the crank shaft ƒ³, is supported in discs e, bolted to brackets d, fixed to the
brackets f, the discs e, also carrying the axes or pivots of the picking tappets b;
the wheel'a, on one side of the loom serves as the fly or hand wheel and the other
wheel a, at the opposite side of the loom serves as the brake pulley in the usual
way; 8, is the rod or roller similar to the ordinary heald roller at the top of the
loom and placed beneath the healds g³; t, t, are heald bosses on the rod 8, to which
the healds are attached as shewn in figure 1; r, figure 2 shews the pinion keyed
on one end of the rod s; and q, is the toothed quadrant into which the pinion r,
gears for giving the oscillating motion to the rod s, and thereby communicating the
required upward and downward movement to the healds; the toothed quadrant q,
works on a stud h³, at the side of the loom; p, is the connecting rod or link for
actuating the toothed quadrant q; n, is the spur pinion working on the stud 7, in
a bracket, and o is the stud fixed in a slot i, in the face of the spur pinion n, to
which stud the connecting rod or link p, is attached; the alot is, allows of
regulating the play of the toothed quadrant q, and extent of rotation of the
pinion r, and rod 8, according to the depth of shed required (it will be obvious that
this regulation can be effected by means of a slot in the toothed quadrant.q;
instead of by the slot ³,) the spur pinion n, gears with the small pinion m, on the
end of the crank shaft, the pinion n, having double the number of teeth. of those of
the pinion m, the crank shaft being thereby caused to rotate twice for each
revolution of the pinion n: 1, 1, are springs attached to the sides of the loom and
to the clutch or catch boxes h, h; for the purpose of drawing back the picking
sticks i, after they have picked; m³, is a driving pulley on one end of the crank
hofti

page_text: By this construction it will be seen that the loom being set in motion by
operating the driving pulley m³, from any suitable source of power the crank
shaft f, will be rotated and at one revolution of the same the nose c, on one side of
the loom will be caused to strike its bowl I, and operate the picking stick and the
shuttle will be thereby forced from one side of the loom to the other; and at the
next revolution of the crank shaft f', the nose c, on the other side of the loom
will operate in a similar manner so as to force the shuttle back again and so on,
the springs, bringing back the picking sticks to their working position when the
noses o, have passed the bowls l.
In the drawing I have shewn the picking tappets b, arranged at the outer side
of the fly wheels a, but they can with equal advantage be placed between the
wheels a and the sides of the loom. Further instead of the bowls being made
with tapered sides as shewn in the drawing they may be made with parallel
sides.
Motions for twills, satteens, serges and the like can be applied to a loom of this
construction; and for working dobbies or jacquard machines it is only necessary to
remove the connecting rod or link p, and to attach the connection for the dobby or
jacquard to the stud o
. It will be obvious that my improvements are equally applicable to existing
looms and it will also be seen that by this construction I dispense with what are
known in an ordinary overpick loom as the crank and tappet wheels, tappet shaft
and bearings for same, binders and bearings, pick plates, noses and blocks, picking
shafts, studs, bowls and collars, swan necks and foot steps, catch boxes on the top
of the picking shaft and picking sticks, tappet, treadles, bowls and pins as well as
the treadle, heel, bracket and grate.
The construction of the loom shewn in figures 4 and 5, is the same as that
hereinbefore described and represented in figures 1 and 2 with the exception that
the alternate picking motion is effected by means of a lever worked from a cam on
a shaft beneath the crank shaft.
n, is the cam or tappet shaft and m, m, are the cams or tappets keyed thereon
at each end; b¹, is the spur pinion, fixed on one end of the cam shaft n, and
serving to communicate motion to the tread or shed; o, is the crank shaft from
which the cam shaft n, is operated by means of the pinion c¹, fixed on the crank
shaft between the fly wheel, and the framing or side of the loom; k, k, are the
vertical sliding levers actuated by the cams m, m, and l, l, are the brackets, at the
sides of the loom in which the levers k, work; i, i, are the bowls working on
studs e¹, e, in projections or brackets on the sliding levers k, k; a, a, are the
brackets fixed on the back of the slay or lathe at each end thereof and f¹, f¹, are
the studs on the brackets a, passed through holes in the bosses b, b, on which studs
the picking sticks e, e, rotate; h, h, represent the tail ends of the picking sticks
which are tapered or formed at an angle as shewn which tapered or inclined ends
are caused to come in contact with the bowls i, i, on the sliding levers k, k, at each
backward movement of the slay or lathe thereby actuating one of the picking
sticks at each revolution of the crank shaft and giving motion to the shuttle; the
strength of the pick is regulated by means of the clutch or catch boxes d, d;
the springs for bringing the picking sticks back after having picked are not shewn
in the drawing but are similar to those shewn at 1, in figures 1 and 2.
As the spur pinion b¹, has double the number of teeth of those of the small
pinion c¹, as herein before described when referring to figures 1 and 2, the cam
shaft n, is caused to revolve once while the crank shaft revolves twice and the
cam m, at one side of the loom is thereby caused to lift its sliding lever k, and
bowl i, out of contact with the tail end h, of the picking stick e, at each alternate
pick in which position the bowl is held until the picking has been effected at the
other side of the loom; the cam m, then allows its lever k and bowl i, to descend
into position ready to cause the pick at that side of the loom; the lever and bowl
at the opposite side of the loom being meanwhile raised out of working position
and so on.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
:
1. An over pick loom for weaving in which the picking tappet is worked from
the crank shaft of the loom in such a manner as to give an alternate picking
motion to the picking sticks at each end of the loom substantially as hereinbefore
described and represented in the accompanying drawings.
2. In a loom for weaving, operating the healds by means of a toothed quadrant
in gear with a pinion on the bottom heald shaft or roller substantially as herein-
before described and represented in the accompanying drawings.
3. In an overpick loom for weaving the herein described arrangement of gearing
and picking tappets for giving an alternate picking motion to the picking sticks
substantially as hereinbefore described and represented in figures 1, 2, and 3 of the
accompanying drawinga.
4. In an overpick loom for weaving the herein described arrangement of sliding
levers; cams and gearing for giving an alternate picking motion to the picking
sticks substantially as hereinbefore described and represented in figures 4 and 5 of
the accompanying drawings.
し
5. The improved looms for weaving herein before described and represented in
the several figures of the accompanying drawings