An Improved Fluid Motor.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th Aug., 1891-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Fluid Motor.
I, WALTER COLE, of No. 39, Coleman Street, in the City of London, Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved motor to be driven by air, steam or other
elastic fluid, the object of the invention being to provide a simple apparatus mainly
for use in obtaining an oscillating or reciprocating motion such as is required for
driving sheep shears, horse clippers, saws and the like.
In carrying out my invention I employ a chamber somewhat of segmental shape
in which works a piston mounted on a shaft near the lower or narrow end of the
chamber, the said shaft extending outside the chamber. In connection with
the lower end of the piston is a valve having two or four passages. Corresponding
passages are formed in the wall of the chamber in connection with the fluid
inlet.
By this arrangement the fluid is alternately admitted to and exhausted from the
sides of the piston which on its oscillating acts upon the valve. The motion of
the shaft is communicated to the apparatus to be driven in any suitable manner.
Dated the 24th day of October 1890.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
An Improved Fluid Motor.
I, WALTER COLE, of 39, Coleman Street, in the City of London, Architect, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following'
statement:-
This invention relates to an improved motor to be driven by air, steam or other
fluid, the object of the invention being to provide a simple apparatus mainly for
use in obtaining an oscillating or reciprocating motion, such as is required for
driving sheep shears, horse clippers, saws and the like.
In carrying out my invention I employ a chamber somewhat of segmental shape
in which works a piston mounted on a shaft near the lower or narrow end of the
chamber, the said shaft extending outside the chamber. In connection with the
lower end of the piston is a valve having inlet and exhaust passages corresponding
with passages formed in the wall of the chamber, by which arrangement the fluid is
alternately admitted to and exhausted from the sides of the piston which on its
oscillating acts upon the valve. The motion of the shaft is communicated to the
apparatus to be driven in any suitable manner.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe how it can be
carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a front elevation shewing my invention applied to a sheep-shear, part
of the casing of the shear being broken away and the cover of the chamber of the
motor removed:
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same partly in section:
Figure 3 is a section of the segmental chamber on the line A B of Figure 1:
Figure 4 is a plan of the underside of the same:
Figures 5 and 6 are plans of the upper and under sides respectively of the
valve:

page_text: Figure 7 is a front elevation of the motor and sheep-shear, with the covering
plate removed; and,
Figure 8 is a side elevation, partly in section, shewing the lever of the fluid-inlet-
cock in the position it occupies when the instrument is not at work:
Figure 9 is a similar view to Figure 8 but shewing the position of the said lever
when the instrument is at work.
Similar letters in all the figures indicate similar parts.
a is the casing of the sheep-shear to be driven by my motor; b is the fixed
cutter, c the working cutter, the guide thereof, e the fluid inlet tube, and the
handle, all of which parts are of ordinary construction.
g is the chamber advantageously made as shewn of segmental shape and provided
with a removable cover secured fluid tight thereto; is the piston adapted to
oscillate in the chamber g and fixed for this purpose upon the shaft near the lower
or narrow end of the chamber; the rear end of the shaft works in the back of the
casing, a and its front end extends outside through the cover of the chamber g in
which it has its bearing.
On the said front end of the shaft ; I mount a finger k which being oscillated by
the piston i communicates a to-and-fro movement to the lever l. This lever works
the movable cutter c in the usual manner.
m is the valve which is caused to slide to-and-fro in the lower part of the
chamberg by means of tappets n on the boss o, of the piston i as the latter
oscillates.
p, p are the admission ports of the valve which communicate alternately with the
admission port q in the wall of the chamber y. The ports p, p at the point where
they open into the fluid supply pipe e are placed very close together as shewn in
Figure 6, whereby a rapid cut off is obtained and therefore the change in the
alternate admission of fluid is instantaneous.
r, are the exhaust ports of the valve which communicate alternately with the
exhaust ports s in the wall of the chamber g.
t is a lever pivotted at u and extending outside the casing a through a slot v
therein. This lever is adapted to be operated by the fore finger of the operator so
as to open a cock w in the fluid-inlet-pipe e, it being for this purpose, attached by
means of a link to a cranked pin y on the plug of the cock. The lever is auto-
matically moved to shut off the fluid-supply immediately the operator removes the
pressure of his finger therefrom, through the medium of a strong spring z acting in
conjunction with a weak spring a¹. The spring z is not connected directly to the
lever t, but to a pivotted finger b' which, when the lever is depressed as shewn in
Figure 9 and in dotted lines at Figure 7, to open the cock w, acts upon the lever
in a direction at a right angle to that of the strain of the spring. When, however
the lever has commenced to move towards the position shewn in full lines in
Figures 7 and 8 to close the cock, the finger acts upon the lever with the full
force of the spring z. By this means the operator is relieved, whilst working, from
the excessive strain which the spring lever would otherwise put upon his finger.
The spring a serves to start the upward movement of the lever.
a² is a hook to receive one of the operator's fingers to prevent his hand slipping
along the handle of the instrument when pressing it forward while at work.
In order to prevent the piston i from stopping at the dead point and thus
necessitating its removal therefrom by the operator I provide a rocking lever c',
one end of which is connected by a cord or chain d¹ to the finger k, the other end
being arranged to be acted upon by the starting levert so that whenever the
starting lever is released the finger is automatically pulled over by the rocking
lever into the position shewn in Figure 7.
I connect the cutters b and c to the guide d by means of what I term a spring
adjusting screw which consists of a stud e', Figure 2, having a square head located
in a square countersink in the fixed cutter b; a spring f₁ attached to the stud el
and to a nut g beneath the guide d; and a screw 1, Figures 1, 2, 7, 8, and 9,
working in the nut g₁ and having a head provided on its under surface with

page_text: serrations engaging with serrations on the outer surface of the guide so that the
screw will be securely held by the serrations in any position to which it may
be adjusted.
No claim is here made to the above arrangements of rocking lever and spring
adjusting screw as they form the subject of a separate application for a Patent
dated the 24th August 1891 but I have fully described them because they are
particularly advantageous for the successful working of a sheep-shear when driven
by a motor constructed according to my invention.
The inlet tube e is attached to a flexible pipe connected with the fluid-supply.
Suppose the instrument to be inoperative, when the parts would be in the position
shewn in Figures 1, 2, 7 and 8, to make use of it the operator grasps the handle f*
of the instrument and pulls down the starting lever t into the position shewn in
Figure 9 and in dotted lines in Figure 7; fluid will be thereby admitted to the left
hand side of the piston i and will move it into the position shewn in dotted lines in
Figure 1, the oscillation of the piston being communicated to the cutter e by the
finger k and lever l.
Just before the piston has assumed this position the right hand tappet n operates
the valve m which then admits fluid to the right hand side of the piston and allows
the exhaust to take place from the other side; the piston then moves back to the
left hand side of the chamber g and moves the cutter c in the opposite direction to
that hereinbefore described, the valve is thereby moved towards the right hand
and again admits fluid to the left hand face of the piston and allows the exhaust to
take place from the right hand side and so on.
Directly the operator removes his finger from the levert the supply of fluid is
automatically cut off and waste of fluid which might otherwise occur through
neglect on the part of the operator is prevented.
Although I have described and shewn my improved fluid motor by way of
example applied to a sheep-shear it will be obvious that it could be used for driving
various other apparatuses such as horse clippers, saws and the like by employing
suitable means for communicating the motion of the oscillating shaft.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. A fluid motor comprising a chamber having a piston adapted to oscillate
therein and to actuate a valve for alternately admitting the fluid to and exhausting
it from the sides of the piston, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In a fluid motor, such as is herein described the use of a spring starting lever
adapted to automatically cut off the supply of fluid immediately the apparatus,
operated by my motor, is out of use, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The improved fluid motor hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawing.
Dated the 21th dox of Avgust 1891
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.