Year: 1888

page_text: I JAMES WHITEHEAD, of 12 Frog Island, Leicester, in the county of Leicester,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
For a Bushed. Steel tube, for Fly Spindles, an improved arrangement for driving
the bobbins apart from the thread, a new break motion for stopping the spindles
separately, and an improvement in the spindle Flyers, for preventing their arms
expanding when driven at an increased speed.
My object in this invention, is, to make the above improvements to Fly Spinning
Frames whereby they can be driven at considerable greater speed than is possible
now, and requiring very much less driving power, these improvements are adapted
for fixing to all Fly, Cap, or Ring Spinning machinery used for spinning or twisting
worsted, silk, cotton, Mohair, and all kind of yarns made for Hosiery and other
Manufacturing purposes.
(1.) I firmly fix in the spindle Rail, in the place for holding spindle bush, a length
of steel tube, about the same in length, as the barrel part of the spindle, each of these
tubes, have a bush fitted upon it, at both ends, the tube itself, is made from the cold
drawn steel tubeing, or other metal of equal strength. The spindles, when fixed in
their places in the spindle rail, the barrel part, passes up the tube, the screw part
alone, projecting through the tube, to receive the Flyer, so that the bottom bush,
fitted to tube, forms the spindle bearing, the top bush fitting tube, forms an extra
bearing, at the very Top of the spindle, thus, preventing any vibration of the spindle,
at whatever increased speed, it may be driven at.
(2.) The next part of this invention, relates to the driving of the bobbins, which
have to revolve round the spindle tube, instead of the spindle itself, which is now
inside the tube, I give each bobbin, a seperate and distinct revolving motion, apart
from that given by the tension of the thread, this revolving motion, (up to a certain
speed) is expressly given to the bobbin, to assist the tension, in carrying round the
bobbin, to the required speed, for receiving the thread passing through the front
[Price Rd

page_text: rollers. On each spindle tube, is a round washer plate, fitted with a bush to fit tube,
the underpart of these washer plates, are cone shaped pullies, the cone part tapering
downwards, central, between every other two spindle tubes, is another cone shaped
pully, the cone tapering upwards, this being the driver, the. face is covered with
leather. The two cone pullies on the tubes, to the right, and left of the central cone
pully, are shaped, to fit and rest upon, the central cone pully, and by their own
weight are carried round, by friction, with the central pully, by this means, the
bobbins revolves, while rising up and down the traverse part of spindle tube. The
central cone pully, fits in a bush, fitted to the riser plate of spindle rail, and a
small tube is connected to it, having a small square bush in the lower end, for fitting a
small square spindle, which is fixed to the bottom step rail, this spindle turns the tube,
the tube rising up and down the spindle, at the same time. This small spindle is
driven by an extra small cylinder, about three inches in diameter, which is fixed in
the Frame, midway between the larger cylinder, and the spindle rail, out of the way
of the spindle bands. The larger cylinder, drives the smaller one, by a pair of cone
pullies, with an arrangement, for increasing the speed of bobbin, as the yarn upon
increases in diameter, but in all cases, allowing a little propelling work for the tension
of thread, wrap itself on to the bobbin, woollen washers being used to complete the
regulation of the tension, for hard or soft filling bobbins. It will be seen by this
arrangement, the spindle and Flyer, while giving twist to the thread, takes no part in
revolving the bobbin round, except to slightly quicken its speed, to cause a tension to
the thread filling on the bobbin. Thus the spindle and Flyer being released from all
work, except to conduct the thread on to bobbin, runs with the utmost freedom in the
bushes, and by means of the top bush, in tube, is thoroughly secured from vibration,
all this means, finer spindle bands will turn them, running comparatively slack, this
will cause an immence saveing of power, to each machine, which all overlookers and
practical managers well know and understand, by slack bands.
it
(3.) My next improvement, the stopping of each spindle, by bringing into use a
small break. Females minding fly spinning frames, stop the spindle, either with their
hand, or by pressing their knee against the pully, this way of stopping a spindle is
objectionable, and if the pullies are very sinall in diameter, and the spindle running
exceedenly quick, there is a risk of injury as well.
I suspend underneath the spindle rail, between every alternate. two spindles, a
small break, (light in construction) hanging between, and near to the pullies, the
break is made of wood, and held in possittion by a light steel blade, which, with slight
pressure, will incline to the right, or the left. A curve is cut in the wood, on each
side, near pully, same diameter as the pullies, connected to the wood, forming the
break, is a small Tab, which projects à little outside spindle rail, so that the hand
minding the machine, by a slight pressure with her knee, applies the break to either
the right, or left spindle, the break instantly releasing itself, when the knee is
removed, thus by having one break, for every two spindles, each spindle can be
stopped, with very slight pressure, and without the slightest danger to the hand, the
cost of making, and fixing such breaks, would be a mere trifle.
(4.) My next improvement, relates to the Flyer fitting on spindle, I alter the shape
of the Flyer Arms, both to make them cut the wind, and preventing them
expanding, when driven at an excessive speed. This latter is done, by making a
recess on the outward side of each arm, of about 16, of an inch, and about one third
the length of the arm, so that putting a rule across the two arms, the recess part
would measure about of an inch narrower, than the other part, into this recess part,
is forceably sprung a round steel ring, made exceedenly light, but strong, to resist
ordanary hand pressure, the ring when in its place, is loose-fitting, to easly move up
and down the recess part, but cannot come off the Flyer without express pressure be
used, the ring being so light, and so easy to move in the recess, is no detrement to
the hand, when finding the thread end, on bobbin to piece up, the instant the spindle
Flyer revolves, the arms carry the ring round with them, and as the speed increases,
the ring pinion the arms, and prevents any expansion taking place, at whatever speed
they may run up to.

page_text: I claim by this invention, to save a considerable amount of power, to run a fly
spindle with greater freedom in its Bearings, and to run them to almost any speed
wanted, without vibration. The bobbin being seperately driven, and in no contact
with the revolving spindle, does not in the least interupt the twist being put into the
thread, but is of the greatest importance, for regulating the tension, while filling the
bobbin, I claim by these improvements, the Fly spinning, will spin any kind of yarns,
up to the finest counts, twisting the same, hard, or soft to requirement, and produce
more and better work, than can be got from the cap, or ring spinning frames, and
make very much less waste.
Dated this 90th 1 of 1000

page_text: I, JAMES WHITEHEAD of 12 Frog Island, Leicester, Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in fly spinning frames, parts of which are
also applicable to cap spinning, ring spinning, or roving machinery, employed in the
spinning and twisting of worsted, cotton, and other yarns used in the manufacture of
hosiery, and for other purposes, and includes (a) an improved construction of spindle
(b) an improved arrangement for driving the bobbin apart from the thread, (c) a
brake motion for stopping each spindle separately, & (d) means for preventing the
expansion, by centrifugal action, of the flyer arms when driven at a high speed.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a view illustrating the foregoing
improvements and showing two spindles, one in elevation complete, and the other in
section having the flyer and bobbin removed.
Figure 2 is a view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of the spindle from
which the bobbins receive their separate motion.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of the improved brake, and Figure 4 is a plan
of same.
Figure 5 is an elevation, and Figure 6 is a horizontal section on the line Z Z of
Figure 5, of cone pullies especially applicable for driving the spindles of cap
spinning frames.
The first part of the invention relates to a spindle of improved construction, and
consists essentially of a vertical tube in which is contained a rod or spindle.
This spindle is connected with, and communicates motion to the flyer, while the
bobbin is carried or mounted on the tube which is stationary and thereby allows of a
separate revolving motion being imparted to the bobbin, as is hereafter described.
In Figure 1, A is the tube, preferably of steel, having its bearing in a boss A¹ fitted
in the spindle rail B'. Contained within the tube A and free to revolve therein is the
vertical spindle C, supported by a bearing in the step rail D and carrying a
pulley B from which it receives its motion. Part of the vertical spindle C is reduced
in diameter as illustrated in the spindle shown in section, to enable it to pass through,
and clear of, the tube A; the upper end C³ of the said spindle C projects above the
tube and is tapped or screwed to receive the flyer H; a bush C² being provided at the
top of the tube to minimize the vibration of the spindle C when being driven at a
very high speed.
The next part of the invention comprises means for imparting to the bobbin E a
separate and individual motion, altogether apart from that given to it by the thread ;
this is effected by mounting the bobbin E upon the tube A. which being stationary
may be termed :i "dead spindle."

page_text: Upon the lower part of this tube, and fitting loosely to allow it to move up and
down, is a boss or bearing F1 carrying an inverted cone F which is driven by
frictional contact with a cone pulley G.
A cone pulley G, preferably covered with leather, is arranged between every two
of the cones F so as to drive them in the same direction, and has its bearing in a
bush or journal G' fitted in the riser plate J.
Connected to or formed integrally with the cone pulley G, is a vertical tube K
provided at its upper end with a loose collar K2 and at its lower end with a
bush K¹.
The bush K is adapted to receive a small square spindle L from which the tube
receives its motion and upon which it is capable of moving up and down while
revolving. The lower portion of the spindle L is of circular section and works
in a journal L¹ fitted in the boss M¹ of the bracket M, the latter depending
from and being secured to the bottom step rail D by means of a screw bolt. M2.
The spindle L is supported by and works in a footstep bearing I♬ in the lower part
of the bracket M and has keyed or otherwise secured thereon a pulley N from which
.it receives its motion.
An alternative method of driving the spindles, and one which is more particularly
applicable to the driving of the spindles in cap-spinning frames, is illustrated in
Figures 5 and 6. U is a driving pulley which may be mounted on a spindle and
receive motion in a similar manner to the pulley G shown in Fig. 1. The pullies V V
carrying the bobbins are provided with teeth or projections V1 to gear into openings
or slots U¹ in the pulley U. The upper and lower portions of the pullies V V and U
are constantly in frictional contact with each other, but if from any cause whatever
they should momentarily get out of frictional contact, the fact of the pullies gearing
into each other as described ensures a positive movement and prevents any irregularity
in the twist of the yarn.
Another improvement I effect in connection with this class of machinery consists
in the provision of a brake for stopping or arresting the motion of any particular
spindle without in any way interfering with the working of the adjacent spindles.
The construction of the brake 1 employ for such purpose may be described as
follows-To the underside of the spindle rai! B₁ I fix, by means of screws P¹,
(figures 3 & 4), a horizontal plate P slotted at its outer end to receive and allow of
the adjustment of a vertically depending rod or pin R in which is rivetted or other-
wise secured one end of a steel blade S carrying on one or both of its sides a brake
shoe or block S' of wood or other suitable material, hollowed or recessed as shown in
plan in Figure 4; the outer end of the steel blade S being fitted into or upon a
wooden disc, or equivalent T.
To bring this appliance into operation the knee of the operator may be pressed
against either side of the disc T and the hollowed or recessed part of the block S¹
will be brought into contact with the pulley B which drives the spindle C and the
latter will be instantly stopped.
When the knee of the operator is removed from the disc T the brake immediately
releases itself and assumes its normal position and the spindle being out of frictional
contact with the said brake, at once re-commences to revolve:
One of these brakes may be provided to act upon each spindle, or be placed
between every pair of spindles as shown in Figure 1; prefer to adopt the latter
method.
Another part of my invention relates to means for preventing the arms of the
flyer H expanding by centrifugal action when revolving at a very high speed.
A flyer H embodying my improvements is shown in Figure 1. A portion of the
outer-side of each of the flyer arms is cut away thus forming a recess H₁ the extent of
which is preferably about 2 inches in length and 16" in depth. A steel ring H³, or
equivalent, is placed within this recess and is adapted to fit rather loosely so as to
render it capable of moving easily up and-down when the arms are stationary, but
when the flyer commences to revolve the ring H2 is carried round with it and as the
speed increases the flyer arms have a tendency to expand thus causing the ring to fit

page_text: tightly in the recess and thereby pinioning the arms, and arresting their further
expansion at whatever rate of speed the flyer is subsequently driven. The outer
edges of the flyer arms are oval shaped and the placing of the ring H2 in the
recess H is effected by pressing the lower ends of the flyer arms towards each other
and forcing the ring up the arms into the recess.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
I. In machinery for spinning and twisting yarns and the like, a spindle con-
sisting essentially of two parts, one a solid spindle such as C for driving the flyer,
and the other a tube such as A for carrying the bobbin, substantially as described
and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
II. In machinery for spinning and twisting yarns and the like, the improved
arrangement for driving the bobbin by mounting it upon a "dead spindle" and
upon an inverted cone pulley such as F, driven by means of a cone pulley such
as G, substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying
drawings.
III. In machinery for spinning and twisting yarns and the like, the arrangement
for driving the pulley G by mounting it upon a tube such as K adapted to receive
a spindle such as L from which it receives its motion, substantially as described and
illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
IV. In machinery for spinning and twisting yarns and the like, the construction
and employment of a brake for stopping or arresting the motion of any particular
spindle, substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 of the
accompanying drawings.
V. In machinery for spinning and twisting yarns and the like, the construction
and employment of a flyer such as H the arms of which are recessed to receive
a steel ring H2, or equivalent, substantially as and for the purpose described and
illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
•
VI. In machinery for spinning and twisting yarns and the like, the construction
and employment of pullies such as U and V for driving the bobbin, substantially
as described and illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
VII. In machinery for spinning and twisting yarns and the like, the general
arrangement and combination of parts constituting the mechanism combined and
operating substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Witness,
EDWARD N. LEWIS,
Leicester.
.
JADED WHITEHEAD.