IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE FARES OR MONIES RECEIVED BY TRAM CAR CONDUCTORS AND OTHER PERSONS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George William Warren, of Newington Green Road, iu the
County of Middlesex, Watchmaker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE FARES OR MONIES
RECEIVED BY TRAM CAR CONDUCTORS AND OTHER PERSONS."
Sealed the 20th December 1878, and dated the 20th June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George William Warren at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1878.
GEORGE WILLIAM WARREN, of Newington Green Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Watchmaker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND
REGISTERING THE FARES OR MONIES RECEIVED BY TRAM CAR CONDUCTORS AND
OTHER PERSONS."
This Invention relates to apparatus for indicating and registering the money paid
as fares by persons travelling in tram cars, omnibuses, steamboats, or other public
conveyances, and is applicable also for recording amounts paid for admission to
places of entertainment, and other like purposes.
An instrument embodying my improvements will perform the several operations
of sounding a bell or alarm for each unit of money, registering the amount on an
index, marking a ticket to correspond with the amount registered, and issuing the
ticket that has been so marked.
The three operations first-named are performed by moving, in what I term the
forward direction, a part I call a trigger (which somewhat resembles a miniature
turnstile), and the fourth or last operation by a reverse movement of the trigger.
In describing the nature of my Invention I will assume the apparatus to be
intended for separately indicating every penny of the amount to be registered,
premising that it may be modified so as to register other aliquot parts of a pound
or other coin.
"
On the arbor of the trigger is a pinion which works a stud wheel having 12 studs,
and herein-after referred to as the main wheel. On another axis is a segment of a

page_text: wheel (herein-after called the larger segment) gearing into a smaller segment, the
larger segment is fixed to a lever of the first order, one arm of which carries a
hammer or striker, and the other or shorter arm is situate in the course of the studs
of the main stud wheel, whereby the lever and larger segment are operated. The
smaller segment has attached to it a bent arm extending over, and arranged to
operate a wheel (herein-after called the type-pressing wheel) arranged at right angles
to the segments. This type-pressing wheel has six teeth, and is rotated inter-
nittently one tooth at a time, by one or two studs on a wheel centred below it at
right angles, which wheel is itself worked by an intermediate wheel and pinion in
connection with the main stud wheel.
The type-pressing wheel carries a projection, which, when the said wheel is not
rotating, is situate directly over one or other of six keys or parts, each of which
carries at its other extremity a type or marking device, which may be fastened by
a sort of instep joint; by the motion the segments impart to the type-pressing wheel,
it by its projection presses down one of the type keys or parts for every tooth, the
type-pressing wheel itself is turned.
The type keys or parts are arranged in a circle, so that all six will be successively
pressed down during each revolution of the type-pressing wheel.
The printing is performed by pressing against the ticket an endless inked band
arranged to travel ou suitable guide rollers, and in part situate between the ticket
that has to be printed, and the type, which when pressed down forces the band
against the ticket and leaves a mark thereon. The impression made by each type
being left on the ticket, there will be six impressions arranged in a circle on the
ticket, if it remains in situ during a complete revolution of the type-pressing
wheel.
The inking band may be supplied with ink by being passed over ink-feeding
rollers, one of which gives 'a slow intermittent travel to the band by a toothed
wheel at its one end, being moved by a single tooth at the end of the arbor of the
main stud wheel, the band thereby only receiving an advance at the end of each
revolution of that wheel. To keep the band taut, one roller is supported in sliding
bearings provided with springs to give tension to the band.
The hammer is caused to strike the bell each time the lever carrying the hammer
is released from a stud of the main stud wheel, after the shorter arm of the lever
has been thereby depressed.
One end of the arbor which carries the main stud wheel has attached to it the
units or pence pointer, which works round a dial pointing successively to 12
different figures during each revolution. Each time the pointer is moved a figure
forward, the bell is sounded once by the stud wheel operating the hammer lever.
Pointers for shillings and pounds are actuated by a train of wheels geared with
and driven by the pinion of the pence pointer.
To issue a ticket the action of the trigger is reversed, setting in motion through a
suitable main wheel an issue train, which causes spiked propeller wheels situate
above the top ticket to rotate; and by their spikes give a forward motion to the
said ticket. The arbor of the issuing spike wheels has friction imparted to it by
frictional bearing pieces. The cards, which may be coated with French chalk or
soapstone, are kept in position, and made to follow up by means of a ticket table at
their back, which has pressing upon it friction rollers at the ends of arms carried by
two spring boxes or barrels. The tickets issue through an opening having a false
under lip, adjustable to suit the thickness of ticket.
Although in the arrangement of instrument I have above described the main
stud wheel has twelve studs, and six types or printing devices are used, it is to
be understood that the number of studs, and types, or printing devices, as also the
relative proportions and number of teeth in the gearing will depend upon circum-
stances, and that apparatus may be constructed in various forms to operate on the
principle of my Invention.
The instrument may conveniently be arranged in a case, which may have a
suitable belt or strap, to enable it to be worn by a conductor or other person.

page_text: Instruments according to my Invention may in some cases be used for recording
payments without the use of tickets.
In other cases the instrument may be so modified in construction, that no ticket
can be issued until the recording apparatus has been operated. For this purpose
the trigger may be prevented from turning in the issuing direction; and by turning
in the recording direction, be caused to wind up a contrivance, which when the
recording apparatus has been duly operated will be released, and cause the issue of
the ticket.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said George William Warren in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
December 1878.
GEORGE WILLIAM WARREN, of Newington Green Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Watchmaker. " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND
REGISTERING THE FARES OR MONIES RECEIVED BY TRAM CAR CONDUCTORS AND
OTHER PERSONS."
This Invention relates to apparatus for indicating and registering the money paid
as fares by persons travelling in tram cars, omnibuses, stea mboats, or other public
conveyances; and is applicable also for recording amounts paid for admission to
places of entertainment and other like purposes.
An instrument embodying my improvements will perform the several operations
of sounding a bell or alarm for each unit of money, registering the amount on an
index; marking a ticket to correspond with the amount registered; and issuing
the ticket that has been so marked.
The three operations first named are performed by moving in what I term the
forward direction (as shewn by the arrows in Figs. 4 and 5) a part I call a trigger
(which somewhat resembles a miniature turnstile), and the fourth or last operation
is performed by a reverse movement of the trigger (as shewn by the arrow in
Fig. 6).
In describing my Invention I will assume the apparatus to be intended for
separately indicating every penny of the amount to be registered, premising that it
may be modified so as to register other aliquot parts of a pound or other coin.
Referring to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,―
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of an instrument embodying my improvements; Fig. 2
is a plan of the same (with the top of case removed).
Fig. 3 is an end elevation (with end of case removed).
Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are sectional elevations taken in the lines A B, C D, and E F
respectively of Fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is a transverse section of Fig. 2 taken in the line GH.
Fig. 8 is an inside view of the main wheel, herein-after referred to as being on
the arbour of the trigger, and whereby a train of wheels is operated for issuing
tickets.

page_text: Fig. 9 is a sectional view shewing the trigger, its arbour, and the various other
parts carried by the said arbour, and the plates or framing in which the said arbour
is pivotted.
Fig. 10 is a view shewing (detached) a stud wheel, herein-after called the stud
wheel 11.
Fig. 11 is a sectional view of the said stud wheel, its axis, the spring interposed
between the screw head at the end of the axis and the wheel itself, and shewing
also the plate into which the axis is fixed. The axis consists of a tubular stud,
through which the screw passes; the stud is rivetted to plate 50 and tapped for the
screw.
Fig. 12 is a sectional view shewing part of the wheel herein-after called the type-
pressing wheel, and illustrating the arrangement whereby it is returned to its
normal position after pressing type against the inking band, as herein-after
described.
Fig. 13 is a sectional view illustrating the arrangement for returning the type to
its normal position after it has been pressed against the inked band by the type-
pressing wheel and released, as herein-after described.
Fig. 14 is a top view showing a modification of the part herein-after called the
ticket table.
Fig. 14* is a top view showing the construction adopted in the instrument shown,
which differs from what is shown to the left of I, K, in Fig. 14, and also is without
the parts a*.
Figs. 15 and 16 shew one of the spring boxes with arms and rollers herein-after
described for pressing against the under side of the projecting parts a of the ticket
table and raising it.
On the arbour 1 of the trigger 2 is a pinion 3 which works a stud wheel 4 having
twelve studs 4*, and herein-after referred to as the main stud wheel. On another
axis 5 is a segment of a wheel 6 (herein-after called the "larger segment ") gearing
into a smaller segment 7 (see Figs. 2 and 4). The larger segment 6 is fixed to a
lever (of the first order) 8, one arm of which 8x carries a hammer or striker 8××,
and the ohter or shorter arm 8' is situate in the course of the studs 4× of the main
stud wheel 4, whereby the lever and larger segment are operated; 7× is the bell
(see Figs. 2 and 4). The smaller segment 7 has attached to it a bent arm 9
extending over and arranged to operate a wheel 10 (herein-after called the "type-
pressing wheel ") arranged at right angles to the segments 6 and 7 (Figs. 2, 4, 5, and
7). This type-pressing wheel 10 has six teeth, and is rotated intermittently one
tooth at a time by one of two studs 11* on a wheel 11 centred below at right
angles, which wheel 11 is itself worked by an intermediate wheel 12 and pinion 13
in connection with the main stud wheel 4.
The type-pressing wheel 10 carries a projection 14, which, when the wheel is not
rotating, is situate directly over one or other of six keys or parts 15, each of which
carries at its other extremity a type or marking device 16 (see Fig. 13). By the
motion the segments impart to the type-pressing wheel it, by its projection 14,
presses down one of the type keys or parts 15 for every tooth of the type-pressing
wheel itself is turned. The type keys or parts are arranged in a circle, so that all
six will be successively pressed down during each revolution of the type-pressing
wheel.
The printing is performed by pressing against the ticket 16× an endless inked
band 17 arranged to travel on suitable guide rollers 18, and in part situate between
the ticket 16× that has to be printed and the type, which, when pressed down,
forces the band 17 against the ticket and leaves a mark thereon.
The inking band is supplied with ink by being passed over ink-feeding rollers 19,
one of which 19× gives a slow intermittent travel to the band by a toothed wheel 20,
at its one end being moved by a single tooth 21 (shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 4), at
the end of the arbour of the main stud wheel 4, the band thereby only receiving
an advance just before the conclusion of each revolution of that wheel. The
click 20* retains the wheel 20 in the positions it is moved to. To keep the band

page_text: taut one roller is supported in sliding bearings 22 provided with springs 23 to give
tension to the band (see Figs. 2, 4, and 5). The one spring is adjusted to agree
with the other by turning the snail or part 23×. After printing the type key is
returned by a spring 15x.
The hammer 8×× is caused to strike the bell each time the short arm 81 of the
lever 8 is released from a stud 4x of the main stud wheel after it has thereby been
depressed.
One end of the arbour which carries the main stud wheel has attached to it the
units or "pence" pointer 24 (Fig. 1), which works around a dial 25, pointing suc-
cessively to twelve different figures during each revolution. Each time the pointer 24
is moved a figure forward, the bell 7* is sounded once by the action of one of the
studs of the wheel 4 operating the hammer lever. The spring 8 returns the lever 8
to its normal position (see Fig 4).
Pointers for shillings and pounds are actuated by a train of wheels 26" to 26ª,
geared with and driven by the pinion 26× of the pence pointer (Figs 1 and 2).
'T'o issue a ticket the action of the trigger 2 is reversed, setting in motion a main
bevil wheel 27 on the arbour 1. The wheel 27 carries two clicks 27ª operating in
connection with a ratchet wheel 27 (like a fusee ratchet wheel in a watch) fixed
on the arbor 1. The bevil wheel 27 is geared with the bevil pinion 28% on the
arbour 28', and when the ratchet wheel causes the bevil wheel to turn, it operates
an issue train of wheels, including a toothed wheel 28° on the arbour 28" in gear
with a pinion 28 on the arbour 29%, but the trigger does not now give motion to
the main stud wheel 4, because the arbour 1 is connected to the pinion 3 by means
of a crown ratchet 1x (Figs. 2 and 9) having 3 teeth in each part. The teeth of
one part slide half way up those of the other, the return movement being effected
by spring 2. The reversed action (above referred to) of the trigger causes spiked
propeller wheels 29 to rotate, and by their spikes give a forward motion to the
ticket (16x) required to be issued (see Fig. 7). The arbour 29x of the issuing spike
wheels 29 has imparted to it pressure or friction by frictional bearing pieces 31, the
required amount of pressure being given by the springs 31x (Figs. 6, 6x, and 7).
The bearing pieces 31 are made with holes for oil to lubricate the .arbour 29× (see
Fig. 6x). The rachet wheel 2* turns with the trigger; the click 2° prevents back
ward action until registration (once commenced) is completed; the plain parts 2° of
ratchet wheel allow of the backward action of the trigger, which is returned by
the spring 2d pressing on one of the parts 2°.
The tickets, which may be dressed with French chalk or soapstone, are kept in
position and made to follow up by means of ticket table 32 at their back,
which has pressing upon it friction rollers 33 at the ends of arms carried by
two spring boxes or barrels 34. The tickets issue through an opening 35, having
a false under lip 36 adjustable (by screws 36×) to suit the thickness of ticket.
35" is a plate hinged at 35", and retained shut by a spring catch 54, to keep the
edges of the tickets in line and prevent their leaving the apparatus.
In the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive the following wheels have
the number of teeth named after each of them respectively, that is to say, in the
wheel 3 there are eighteen teeth; in the wheel 4, seventy-two teeth; in the
pinion 13, six teeth; in the wheel 12, eighteen teeth; in the weeel 11, thirty-six
teeth; in the wheel 27, forty-eight teeth; in the pinion 28, ten teeth; in the
wheel 28°, twenty-four teeth; in the wheel 28ª, twelve teeth; in the pinion 26×,
ten teeth; in the wheel 26, forty teeth; in the pinion on the same arbor, ten teeth;
in the wheel 26, fifty teeth; in the pinion on the same arbor, twenty teeth; in the
wheel 26, forty teeth; in the pinion on the same arbor, ten teeth; in the wheel 26ª,
fifty teeth; in the pinion on the same arbor, twenty teeth; in the wheel 26°, forty
teeth; in the pinion on the same arbor, ten teeth; in the wheel 26', fifty teeth; in
the pinion on the same arbor, twenty teeth; in the wheel 26, forty teeth; in the
pinion on the same arbor, ten teeth; in the last wheel of the train 26 there are
fifty teeth.

page_text: "
I would remark that in practice I have made the endless band 17 of material
sold by Waterlow and Sons, Limited, London, and which they call "inking ribbon,"
or endorsing ribbon." Having so obtained such ribbon, I have cut it to a suitable
width for my instrument. Also that I have made the rollers 19, 19x, of brass
covered with chamois leather, which I have found retains enough ink to supply the
band for a considerable period. Also that the ink I have used has been made as
follows: In a suitable vessel I have dissolved violet crystal by adding thereto a
sufficient quantity of acetic acid for that purpose, and not more. To this solution
I have added glycerine, stirring the mixture, and producing ink of the consistency
of cream.
I supply the apparatus with ink by dropping a little on to the endless
band, where it for the time being lies over the rollers 19, 19×. The ink soaks
through, and is absorbed by the leather covering of the rollers.
•
In the modification of ticket table shewn in Fig. 14 the T shaped part 32" is let
into a T shaped hole in 32, and works slightly on a joint 32°. At the under side
of 32 is a horse-shoe piece 82°, jointed at 32 to 32, and working slightly on a
hinge or joint 32°, which connects 32° to 32. The limbs of 32° are bevilled towards
their extremities 32" at the side next 32. Now by pressing 32° the tickets at any
time remaining in the instrument will be pressed towards the spiked wheels 29 by
the part 82ª.
In cases where a uniform fare prevails the backward action of the trigger (for
the issue) will be dispensed with, and the trigger arbour will carry a spring barrel
(to which the main wheel (27×) is attached) which will be wound by the forward
action of the trigger (during registration). Such an arrangement is illustrated in
Figs. 17 and 18, where 1 is the arbour; 2 is the trigger; 27x, the main wheel
(which to suit the machine illustrated has forty-eight teeth); 43, the spring barrel;
28, the bevil pinion (with sixteen teeth) on the arbour 28b for driving the
wheels 28 (twelve teeth) and 28 (twelve teeth) on the arbor 29x of the issue
wheels 29. As soon as the three operations have been performed, of printing the
_ticket, registering the fare, and ringing the bell, a tooth or projection of the ratchet
wheel 41, fixed on the arbour 1, will (by means of the motion imparted to it by the
action of the trigger in the direction indicated by the dotted arrow in Fig. 17) be
caused to release a click or pawl 42 (pivotted to the plate 43) from the detent
formed by one of the teeth or projections of a similar ratchet wheel 44, fixed to the
spring barrel 40; thus the spring barrel will be allowed to recoil, thereby setting in
motion the issue train and issuing a ticket. Each of the ratchet wheels 41, 44, has
only three teeth; these are equally distant apart on the peripheries of the wheels.
When the ratchet wheel 44 has been released, it will, with the main wheel 27×,
make one third of a revolution in the direction indicated by the full arrow in
Fig. 17, being then arrested by the pawl 42, engaging with another tooth of the
wheel 44, until released by the next printing, ringing, and recording movement of
the trigger.
Although in the arrangement of instrument I have above described the main stud
wheel has twelve studs, and six types or printing devices, are used, it is to be under-
stood that the number of studs and types or printing devices, as also the relative
proportions and number of teeth in the gearing, will depend upon circumstances,
and that apparatus may be constructed in various forms to operate on the principle
of my Invention.
It will also be evident that in lieu of a bell, as described, I may substitute a
gong or other sounding device, such as a drum.
The instrument may conveniently be carried in a leather case, which may have a
suitable belt or straps, to enable it to be worn by a conductor or other person.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and explained the manner in
which it is or may be carried into practical effect; I would remark that some of the
details may obviously be more or less varied without departing from the peculiar
characteristics of my Invention, as respects which I claim as secured to me "inder
the Letters Patent herein-before in part recited,-
1. The method, substantially as herein-before described, of performing by the

page_text: forward movement of a trigger or miniature turnstile the three operations of
sounding a bell or alarm, registering a payment on an index, and marking a ticket.
2. The method, substantially as herein-before described, of effecting by the
forward movement and reverse movement of a trigger or miniature turnstile the
four operations of sounding a bell or alarm, registering a payment on an index,
marking a ticket, and issuing the ticket that has been marked.
3. The method, substantially as described, of operating the bell hammer or striker
and the type-pressing wheel simultaneously from the main stud wheel 4.
4. The combination with trigger or miniature turnstile 2 of the ratchet wheel 2*
and click 2b, whereby reverse action of the trigger or miniature turnstile is pre-
vented until after completion of registration, and is then allowed, thus enabling the
ticket to be issued; and the spring 2ª and parts 2 for returning the trigger or
miniature turnstile to its normal position after such reverse movement, substantially
as described.
5. The combination of the ticket table 32, spring barrels, and arms, with anti-
friction rollers, arranged and operating substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
6. The arrangement, substantially as described, with reference to the apparatus
illustrated in Figs. 1 to 16 inclusive, for effecting the issue of the tickets by the
reverse or backward movement of the trigger or miniature turnstile.
7. The constructing apparatus, substantially as herein-before described, and shewn
in Figs. 1 to 16 inclusive, for indicating and registering money paid for fares, and
for other like purposes.
8. The method, substantially as herein-before described, with reference to Figs. 17
and 18, of effecting the issue of the tickets after marking.
In witness whereof, I, the said George William Warren, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
GEORGE W. WARREN. (L.S.)