IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING FERMENTED LIQUORS
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES
POOLE, of the Patent Office, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex;
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-first day of March, in the seventh year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Moses Poole, His especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Moses Poole, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING FERMENTED LIQUORS," communicated to
me by a certain foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent. is
contained a proviso, that I, the said Moses Poole, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto.
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention communicated to
me to consist in, first, an improved. method of clarifying fermented liquors;
secondly, in giving to fermented liquors a clear and sparkling appearance when
bottled, without the necessity of having first placed such liquors in casks, or
such like vessels, for a considerable length of time, and then bottling off the
liquors, and so keeping them for a length of time, by which means fermented
liquors may be brought into the market bottled and ready for use immediately
on the same being bottled.
rods or stretchers.
I will first describe the method of clarifying fermented liquor. Figure 9
shews a plan, and Figure 2 a side view, partly in section, of my apparatus for
this purpose.
a is the vessel, having a cover or lid d, to which is connected a
filter, which I shall afterwards describe.. m² is a reservoir or suitable vessel to
supply the filter (see Figure 12), placed at a convenient height, where the
situation will permit of this arrangement; but when there is not room for this
plan, I supply the filter from a reservoir m, by means of a forcing pump k.
The filter is composed of a bag of felt, or hair cloth, or material proper for
filtering, and is fitted into a wire-cloth bag of the same dimensions, to support
the pressure that may be exercised above the filter. Figure 9 represents a
plan of these parts. The bag is kept in its proper place by means of metallic
The filtering bag, and the wire one which envelopes it,
are so fitted to the lid or cover d, d, as to prevent the liquor escaping by
any other means than through the filter. The cover or lid d, d, has a hole
in the centre to receive a tube, through which the liquor passes into the filter,
citlier from the vessel m¹ by the tube n', or from the vessel m by the tube
1, as the arrangements of the apparatus may permit. The filter b, b, does
not entirely fill the vessel, a space being left at the sides and the bottom
to allow the clarified liquor to flow into, previous to its passage through
the pipe g into a vessel f, placed at the bottom to receive it. In com
mencing operation 'the cover d, d, and the filter b, b, are so adjusted as to
be perfectly free from atmospheric air, and the liquor, whilst still fermenting,
is supplied to the filter, either from the reservoir m' or from m, as the case
may be.

page_text: which the clarified liquor passes into the vessel f; h, cock of the tube g; i,
support of the vesself; 6', support of the vessel a; k, pump, to force the liquor
into filter from the reservoir m; 1, tube of communication of the pump k into
the vessel a; m, vessel which contains the liquor, to be forced up by means of
the pump k; m, vessel which contains the liquor to be clarified, which comes
through the tube n¹..
ENUMERATION OF LETTERS USED IN FIGURE 1.
A, vessel containing the liquor, which I call the "amphora;" B, support
for the same; C, piston; D, cover to the vessel; E, spindle of the cover;
F, arms of the cover; G is a screw and nut; II, tube through which the
atmospheric air is forced upon the piston C; I, lever of the safety valve; K,
weights attached to the safety valve; L, safety valve; N, barometer, to work
the pressure of the atmospheric air contained in the piston C and the cover D;
O, lower cock; P, cock for putting the liquor into bottles; Q, columns of the
corking machine; R, support of the same; S, tube through which the air is
forced into the bottles; T, cock of the corking machine; U, reservoir of
atmospheric air, fed by the pressure pump V; V, force pump; X, barometer
of the pump; Y, shaft of the steam engine; Z, steam engine.
Figure 3.-A', opening or mouth of the "amphora;" B, support of the
same.
Figure 4.-C, piston; B', bolts; S', valve; D', ring of leather.
Figure 5. E', head of the bolt; F¹, hole in the bolt by which the liquids
escape; I', a screw-tapped ring, which holds the bolt;. M³, lower part of the
amphora.
Figure 6. G', lateral cock of the bolt; H', hole through which the liquids
escape; L', leather ring; N', part of the amphora.
Figure 7. A, the amphora; D, mouth of the amphora; F, arms of the
cover; H, tube through which the atmospheric are passes; N, barometer; L,
valve; I, lever.
Figure 8-Z,. steam engine; Y, shaft of the machine; V, V, pump of the
machine; U,. reservoir of compressed. air; S, tube through which the com
pressed air is sent into the bottle; H, tube through which the compressed air
is conveyed into the amphora to exert force upon the piston; Q, machine for
corking; R, the lower part of the machine; W, place where the man puts the
bottles into the machine. There is a guard placed before the bottles during
the operation, in case of accidents which might arise in consequence of the
explosion of the bottle by the pressure exerted..

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF USING OF THE SECOND PART OF THE APPARATUS.
The fermented liquor after having passed through the clarifier, as above
explained, is in a condition to be bottled off'; but if it is desirous to give it a
sparkling appearance I pass it through the apparatus, consisting of a vessel
A, A, see Figure 1, which I call the amphora. The amphora is cylindrical
from the cover D to the cock P, and the lower part is conical, as shewn in
the Drawing, the top of which forms an angle of about thirty degrees. This
vessel is intended to contain the liquor it is desired to render sparkling. The
liquor should contain sufficient quantity of fermentable material to freely evolve
carbonic acid gas, which is indispensably necessary to produce the desired
effect. The amphora ought to retain the carbonic acid gas in the liquor, and
to resist the expansive force of this fluid. It is closed by a cover D, the plan
of which is represented in Figure 7. The cover is retained by the arms F; by
means of the scrow G, the cover can be pressed as closely to the upper part of
the cylinder as may be desired. The upper part of the cover to the cylinder
has two holes, as may be seen at Figure 7, marked L and K. The hole L is
to hold the safety valve, by which the excess of carbonic acid gas escapes;
the hole K is made to receive the tube H, H, the use of which I will pre-
sently describe. The orifice P is so formed as to fit with the oock T of the
bottling machine Q, which will be afterwards described. Within the amphora
is what I call a table, of the same diameter as the vessel itself, and moves
within the cylinder A in the way of a piston to a steam engine. It is capable
of being raised and lowered; it is shewn in the Drawing by lines in the upper
situation, and by dotted lines in the lower one. At the centre of this table is
an opening, which is closed by a valve of moderate weight. The amphora
being empty, it is filled in the following manner:-The cover D, D, being
properly adjusted, the safety valve L is opened to allow the air to escape; that
which is under the piston or table escapes through the opening S, which is, as
has been before said, charged with a light weight. These precautions being
observed, the cock T must be removed, and its place supplied by a tube T¹,
through which the liquor to be operated upon is conveyed into the amphora.
The table or piston at the lower part of the amphora will be forced up not
withstanding the friction of its rubbing against the sides to bring it to the
surface near to the cover D, as is shewn at Figure 1. It is here necessary to.
explain the phenomenon which takes place with the liquor inclosed within the
amphora. We require for the first part of the operation that the liquor
should contain some quantity of fermentable material, in consequence of which

page_text: will be engendered carbonic acid gas and yeast.
The gas engendered
being within the liquor, the vessel wherein it is produced not admitting of
its escape, the yeast will be precipitated to the lower part of the amphora
as fast as it is produced, and by virtue of the pressure which takes place
In sepa-
in the liquor by the expansive force of the carbonic acid gas.
rating the deposit of yeast from the clear liquor the carbonic acid gas
contained therein would stir up the whole of the liquor; to prevent which
is the advantage of the table piston, by having on it a pressure equal to the
pressure of the carbonic acid gas, and to do this I have air compressed to
six atmospheres and an half pressing upon the table or piston. The power
of producing this is here shewn to be a steam engine, and marked in the
Drawing Z, Z, Z; but I do not confine myself to that; any other means on
sufficient power may be adopted, the object of it being to compress the air,
and force it into the amphora by the pipe H, H, (sce Figures 1 and 8.)
The safety valve so placed with the weight on it to indicate the pressure on
the liquid, and which serves to regulate the introduction of the air into the
amphora. The yeast is deposited at the bottom of the amphora below the
cock P. The liquor becomes impregnated with the carbonic acid gas at
the same degree as in the amphora, and this takes place from the commence-
ment to the end of the operation. It now remains to explain how the liquid
is conveyed into the bottle without the loss of the carbonic acid gas. It has
been before stated that the orifice P is screw-tapped, that the cock should
properly fit into it. This opening P opens and shuts in the following manner
(see Figure 6):-The part G is hollow in its length, as far as a certain dis-
tance of the head, and across it is pierced with holes L, which, in the position
shewn in Figure 6, are stopped by the ring L', L. By means of an ordinary
key it can be turned, the square part of the part H¹, G', to cause the liquid
which escapes from the two holes L', H', to return into the amphora, which
meet at right angles, when it enters into the amphora by the pipe T'. It is for
this operation that the cock is opened. When you want to put the liquor into
bottle, the cock T is adjusted to the cock P, and this latter cock P is pushed
some distance into the liquid, and the operation goes on in the following
manner: Take a bottle M, (see Figures 13, 14, 15, and 16,) and place it under
the cock, the mouth of which is conical, and lined with leather or skin, or
other suitable materials, in such a manner that the neck of the bottle being
applied to the interior part of it would prevent any communication with the
atmosphere; the bottle being so placed, the man stands with his foot on the
pedal T, and presses it down; this pressure lowers the connecting rod R, and
puts in action the lever P, P; this lever raises the connecting rod O, fixed to

page_text: the plug or block on which the bottle is placed; the pressure on the pedal
acts upon the spring U, U, tends to press the block against the bottom of the
bottle, and, consequently, the neck of the same against the conical opening of
'the mouth of the cock above. The arrangement being complete, I introduce
a cork Z into the neck G (formed in the cock vertically above the neck of
the bottle), and by means of the handle E, the ram or plunger I is caused to
descend and force the cork into tl:e upper part of the cock without admitting
the atmospheric air; but care must be taken that it does not descend beyond
the opening K. This being done, the bottle is filled from the amphora by the
cock G, and when sufficiently full, and the cock P closed, the ram or plunger I
(by means of the handle E) forces the cork from the neck of the cock into the
neck of the bottle.
LETTERS OF DRAWINGS FOR CORKING MACHINE IN FIGURES 13, 14, 15, & 16.
A, the framework; B, the column; C, the support of the cock G; D, the
cross-head of the framework; E, handle attached to framing; L, the guard, in
case of bottle breaking; T, the pedal; F, rack attached to the plunger; I, a
plunger; V, mouth of the cock; G, cock; N', pipe, through which the liquor,
is conveyed to the bottle; Q, communication with the safety valve; R, safety
valve; S, arm of the safety valve; T', weight attached to the safety valve;
II, handle of the cock G; M, bottle; Y, support of the cock; N, lower part
of the block on which the bottle rests; b, block on which the bottle rests;
O, connecting rod of the lever to the block b; d, support of the lever; P, lever;
R, connecting rod of the lever attached to the pedal; g, the pivot on which
the pedal turns; T, the pedal; U, spring; V, interior of the mouth of
the cock.
.
.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, I would remark that I
lay no claim to any of the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the
precise arrangement, provided the principles of the combined processes be
retained, whereby fermented liquors are more quickly made marketable, and
of a more clear and bright and sparkling quality than by the ordinary tedious
processes resorted to for clearing and bottling of various fermented liquors now
in practice.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-first day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-seven.
MOSES POOLE.
(L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1837, the aforesaid Moses Poole came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven.

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to Moses Poole, of the Patent
Office, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for
an Invention communicated to him by a certain foreigner residing
abroad, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING FERMENTED LIQUORS," bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-first day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-seven, a Specification to which Letters
Patent has been duly inrolled, which Letters Patent, and all
liberties and privileges thereby granted, have been duly assigned
to Frederick Pedley, of No. 2, Chancery Lane, in the City of
London, Manufacturer.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the Assignee of the said Letters Patent with the Clerk of the
Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and sixth
year of His late Majesty's reign, entitled "An Act to amend the Law
touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
WHEREAS in the Specification enrolled by the said Moses Poole to the
said Letters Patent, the Invention was described to consist of two parts:-First,
of an apparatus for filtering fermented liquors; and secondly, of an apparatus for
performing that part of the processes of making fermented liquors which consists
of getting fermented liquors in a fine effervescing state in bottles; and such
improvements consist in causing liquors, though impregnated with carbonic
acid gas, to flow into bottles when subject to the same internal pressure as the
vessel from which the liquor was flowing into the bottle: And whereas I, the
said Frederick Pedley, have not found that the first part of the Invention is of
that practical utility as to render it desirable to be retained as part of the
Letters Patent; for which reason I do hereby disclaim all parts of the said
Specification or Invention which relates to filtering fermented liquors which
constitute such first part of the Invention: And whereas the description of the
other part of the Invention having been written by a foreigner little acquainted
with the English language, requires several verbal and other alterations, and
those parts of the description and Drawings which relate to Figures 3, 4, 5, 6,
and 7, being in-some places referred to by different letters to those used in the

page_text: other Figures, and the parts of the Drawings being to different scales to those
of Figures 1 and 8, I, for that reason, do alter, by striking out such parts of
the Specification which relate to Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; and as the Drawings
attached to the said Specification do not shew some of the mechanical details
with that clearness and correctness, which is desirable, I have, as a further
explanation of the Invention claimed by the Specification, annexed a further
Drawing of the principal parts of the machinery, the parts of which are
marked with the same letters of reference as those in the Drawings of the
Specification. And in order that this my Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration may be fully understood, I have hereunto annexed a copy of the
said Specification, and which is to be taken as part of this Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration, the parts disclaimed being ruled through with
black ink, and the alteration I have made in the other parts of the Specification
are by means of red ink.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Pedley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
FREDERICK PEDLEY. (L.S.)
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES
POOLE, of the Patent Office, Lincoln's Inu, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by
Ilis Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-first day of March, in the seventh year of His reign,
did, for Himself, Iis heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Moses Poole, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, aduiors, or assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING FERMENTED LIQUORS," communicated to
me by a certain foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent there
is contained a proviso that I, the said Moses Poole, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention communicated to
ine to consist in, first, an improved-method-of-elarifying--fermented liquors;
secondly, in giving to fermented liquors a clear and sparkling appearance
when bottled (without the necessity of having first placed such liquors in casks
or such like vessels for a considerable length of time, and then bottling off the
liquors, and so keeping them for a length of time), by which means fermented
liquors may be brought into the market bottled and ready four use imme-
diately on the same being bottled.
Lill fet docariba the method of alorifving furmanted liar
Fatus for this purpose.-a-19-the-vessel having a cover or lid-d-to-which-is
connected-a filter, which I shall afterwards-describe-;-m¹-is-a-reservoir or suitable
vessel-to-supply the filter (see Figure-12), placed-at-a-convenient-height, where
the situation will-permit of this arrangement, but when there is not-room-for-this
plan,-I-supply the filter from a reservoir m, by means of a foreing pump-k. The
filter b is composed of a bag of felt or hair cloth, or material-proper-for-filtering,
and is fitted into a wire cloth bag-of-the-same-dimensions, to support the pressure
that may be exercised above-the filter. Figure 9 represents-a-plan-of-these-parts.
The bag is kept-in-its-proper-place by means of metallic rods or stretchers.-The
filtering-bag-and-the-wire one which envelopes it, are-so-fated to the lid or
cover-d, d, as to prevent the liquor escaping by any other means than through-the
filter. The cover or lid d, d, has a hole-in-the centre-to-receive-a tube, through
which the liquor-passes-into-the-filter, either-from the vessel in', by the tube-n', or
from-the-vessel-in, by the tube 1, as-the-arrangements of the apparatus-may-permit.
The filter by by does not entirely-fill the vessel, a space being-left at the sides and the
bottom to allow a clarified liquor-to-flow into previous to its passage through
the pipe ginto-a vessel f, placed-at-the-better to receive it. In commencing
opération, the eover-d, d, and the filter b, bare-se-adjusted-as-to-be-perfectly free
from-atmospherie-air, and the liquor whilst still fermenting is supplied-to the filter
either-from-the-reservoir-m'-or-from-my-as the ease-may-be.
-

page_text: A, vessel containing the liquor, which I call the "amphora;" B, support of
the same; C, piston; D, cover to the vessel; E, spindle of the man-hole of
the cover; F, arms of the cover G; g is a screw and nut, by which the man-hole
is secured; II, tube, through which the atmospheric air is forced upon the
piston C; I, lever of the safety valve; K, weights attached to the safety valve;
L+, safety valve; N, barometer, to work indicate the pressure of the atmo-
spheric air contained in between the piston C and the cover D; O, lower cock,
for drawing off remaining liquor; P, cock for putting the liquor to flow from
the vessel A into bottles; Q, columns of the corking machine; R, support of
the same; S,.tube through which the air is forced into the bottles, by which
the bottles and the vessel A will be subject to the same internal pressure, which
constitutes the novel character of this apparatus; T, cock on the pipe of the
corking machine; U, reservoir of atmospheric air, fed by the pressure pump V ;
V, force pump; X, barometer of the pump; Y, shaft of the steam engine;
Z, steam engine.
1
Figure 3. A*opening-or-mouth-of-the-amphoria-; B,-support-of-the-same.
Figure 4. C-piston;-B'-bolts;-S', valve-;-D-ring-of-leather.
Figure 5. E-head of the bolt-; F', hole-in-the-bolt-by-which-the-liquids
escape; a serew tapped ring, which holds the bolt-;-M', lower part of the
amphora.
Figure 6. Glateral-cock-of the-belt-;-H, hole-through which the liquids
eseape; L', leather-ring-;-N', part of the amphore.
Figure 7. A, the amphora-;-B, mouth of the amphora ; F, arms of the cover-;
H-tube-through which the atmospheric air-passess-;-Ny-barometer-;-L,-valve-;
I, lever.
Figure 8. Z, steam engine; Y, shaft of the machine; V, V, pumps of the

page_text: machine; U, reservoir of compressed air; S, tube through which the com-
pressed air is sent into the bottle; H, tube through which the compressed air
is conveyed into the amphora, to exert force upon the piston. Hence the bottle
and vessel A will be in the same state of pressure, and the liquor will flow from
the vessel A into the bottle without being frothed or stirred up. Q, machine for
corking; R, the lower part of the machine; W, place where the man stands
to puts the bottles into the machine. There is a guard 1 of wire cloth placed
before the bottles during the operation, in case of accidents, which might arise
in consequence of the explosion of the bottle by the pressure exerted.
DESCRIPTION OF USING OF THE Second Part of the APPARATUS.
The fermented liquor having passed through the clarifier, as above-explainedy-is
in a condition to be bottled off, and to which it is desired but if it is desirous to
give it a sparkling appearance, 4-pass it through is put into the-apparatus-con-
sisting of a vessel A, A, (see Figure 1), which I call the amphora. The
amphora is cylindrical from the cover D to the cock P, and the lower part is
conical, as shewn in the Drawing the top of which forms an angle of about thirty
degrees. This vessel is intended to contain the liquor it is desired to render
sparkling. The liquor should contain sufficient quantity of fermentable mate-
rial to freely evolve carbonic acid gas, which it is indispensably necessary to
have present in order to produce the desired effect, or carbonic acid gas is to be
otherwise applied. The amphora ought to retain the carbonic acid gas in the
liquor, and to resist the expansive force of this fluid. It is closed by a cover D;
the-plan-of-which is represented--in-Figure-7-; the cover is retained by the
arms F; by means of the-serew-G, the-cover-ean-be-pressed as closely-to-the-upper
part-of-the-eylinder as may be desired. The upper part of the cover to the
cylinder has two holes, and a man hole, as may be seen at Figure marked L+
and K'; the hole Lt is to hold the safety valve by which-the-exeess-of-earbonie
aeid-gas-eseapes; the hole K' is made to receive the tube H, HI, the use of
which I will presently describe; the orifiee P is so to be formed so as to fit with
the cock T of the bottling machine Q, which will be afterwards described;
within the amphora is what I call a table, of the same diameter as the vessel
itself, and moves within the cylinder A in the way of a piston to a steam
engine; it is capable of being raised and lowered; it is shewn in the Drawing
by lines in the upper situation, and by dotted lines in the lower one. At the
centre of this table is an opening, which is closed by a valve of moderate
weight. The amphora being empty, it is filled in the following manner :-The
cover D, D, being properly adjusted, the safety valve L+ is opened to allow
cock

page_text: the air to escape; that which is under the piston or table escapes through
the opening s S, which is, as has been before said, charged with a light
weight. These precautions being observed, the plug of the cock T must
be removed, and its place supplied by a tube T', through which the liquor
to be operated upon is conveyed into the amphora. The table or piston
at the lower part of the amphora will be forced up notwithstanding the
friction of its rubbing against the sides, to bring it to the surface near to
the cover D, as is shown at Figure 1. It is here necessary to explain the
phenomenon which takes place with the liquor enclosed within the amphora.
We require for The first part of the operation requires that the liquor should
contain some quantity of fermentable material, in consequence of which there
will be engendered carbonic acid gas and yeast, The gas engendered being
within the liquor, the vessel wherein it is produced not admitting of its escape,
the yeast will be precipitated to the lower part of the amphora as fast as it is
produced, and by virtue of the pressure which takes place in the liquer by the
expansive-force of the carbonie-aeid gas. In separating the deposit of yeast
from the clear liquor, the carbonic acid gas contained therein would when
rushing into the bottles, if not resisted, stir up the whole of the liquor; to
prevent which is the advantage of the table piston by is used, having on it a
pressure equal to the pressure of the carbonic acid gas, and to do this
Have the apparatus should be made capable of having air compressed to six
atmospheres and an half pressing upon the table or piston. The power of
producing this is here shewn to be a steam engine, and marked in the
Drawing Z, Z, Z; but I do not confine myself to that; any other means of
sufficient power may be adopted, the object of it being to compress the air
equal to the pressure of the gas, and force it into the amphora by the pipe H, H,
(see Figures 1 and 8.) The safety valve is so placed with the weight on it.
as to indicate the pressure on the liquid, and which serves to regulate the.
introduction of the air into the amphora. The yeast is deposited at the
bottom of the amphora, below the cock P, if the liquor be in a fermenting state,
as the liquor becomes impregnated with the carbonic acid gas at the same
degree as in the amphora, and this takes place from the commencement to the end
of the operation. It now remains to explain how the liquid is conveyed into
the bottle without the loss of the carbonic acid gas. It has been before-stated
That The orifice P is screw-tapped, that the cock should properly fit into it.
This opening P opens and shuts in the following manner (see Figure 6):-
:-
The part PG is hollow in its length as far as a certain distance of the head
and aeress it is pierced with holes L, which in the position shewn in Figure 6
cock

page_text: are stopped by the ring L', L'. By means of an ordinary key it can be turned,
the key being applied at the square part of the part II', G', which will to cause
the cock P to enter the vessel A, and the liquid will whieh escapes from the
two holes into the barrel of the cock P L',-H'-to-return-into-the-amphora, which
meet-at-right-angles, when it enters-into-the-amphora-by-the-pipe-T-;-it-is-for-this
operation-that-the-eeek is opened. When it is desired you-want to put the liquor
into a bottle the plug of the cock T is adjusted-to replaced in the cock TP, and
this latter cock P is pushed some distance into the liquid, and the operation
goes on in the following manner:-Take a bottle M (see Figures 13, 14, 15,
and 16), and place it under the cock G, the mouth of which is conical, and
lined with leather or skin, or other suitable materials, in such a manner that
the neck of the bottle being applied to the interior part of it would prevent
any communication with the atmosphere; the bottle being so placed, the man
stands at W with his foot on the pedal Tt, and presses it down; this pressure
lowers the connecting rod R, and puts in action the lever p P, p P; this
lever raises the connecting rod O fixed to the plug or block on which the
bottle is placed; the pressure on the pedal acts upon the spring u, u U,
tends to press the block against the bottom of the bottle, and, consequently,
the neck of the same against the conical opening of the mouth of the cock G
above. The arrangement being complete, I introduce a cork z Z into the
neck of the cock G (formed in the cock vertically above the neck of the bottle),
and by means of the handle e E, the ram or plunger i I is caused to descend
and force the cork into the upper part of the cock G before, without admitting
the atmospheric air from the pipe S into the bottle; but care must be taken
that it the cork does not descend beyond the opening k K. This being done,
the bottle is filled with air from the pipe S; then the bottle is filled from the
amphora by the cocks P, TG, the air flowing out of the bottle as the liquor
flows in, and when sufficiently full, and the cock T is and the cock on the pipe S
are closed, the ram or plunger it (by means of the handle e E) forces the
cork from the neck of the cock G into the neck of the bottle...
LETTERS OF DRAWING for of the CORKING MACHINE Q, shewn IN
FIGURES 13, 14, 15, and 16,
A R, the framework; B,-the-column; c E, the support of the cock G;
Dd, the cross-head of the framework; e E, handle attached to-framing to work
the plunger i;, the guard of wire cloth, in case of a bottle breaking; T t, the
pedal; f, rack attached to the plunger; i, plunger; v, mouth-piece of the
cock; G, cock; N', pipe through which the liquor is conveyed to the bottle;

page_text: QL, eommunieation-with-the safety valve; R' safety-valve-;-S,-arm-of-the
safety valve; Tx, weight attached to the safety valve; Hj, handle of the
cock TG; M, bottle; -support-of-the-eeek-; N*, lower part of the block on
which the bottle rests; b, block on which the bottle rests; o, connecting rod
of the lever to the block b; d-support-of the-lever-; Pp, lever; Rr, connecting
rod of the lever attached to the pedal; g, the pict which the-pedal-turns-;
Tthe pedal-;-Uu, spring; V, interior-of-the-mouth-of-the-eeek.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, I would remark that
I lay no claim to any of the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the
precise arrangement of the bottling apparatus, which now is what alone is
claimed, provided. the principles of the combined processes of bottling be
retained, whereby fermented liquors are more quickly made marketable, and
of a more clear and bright and sparkling quality than by the ordinary tedious
processes resorted to for elearing-end bottling of various fermented liquors now
in practice.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-first day of September, One thousand eight
This is to certify, That the above-named Frederick Pedley, of No. 2, Chancery
Lane, in the City of London, Manufacturer, has applied to me for leave to
enter with you the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
of part of the Specification of a certain Invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to Moses Poole, of the Patent Office, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, dated at Westminster, the 31st day of
March 1837, and to which a Specification was duly enrolled, and which
Letters Patent were subsequently assigned to the said Frederick Pedley; and
having considered the said application, as also that the said Frederick Pedley
had advertized the said Disclaimer & Memorandum of Alteration in the
London Gazette and in the Morning Chronicle & Times Newspapers, and
that no objection had been made to the same, I have accordingly granted
leave to the said Frederick Pedley to file his said Disclaimer & Memorandum
of Alteration, pursuant to the Statute passed in the fifth & sixth years of the
reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, intituled "An Act to
amend the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
RED POLLOCK

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of January, in
the year of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid Frederick Pedley came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-four.