matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED STOPPER FOR BOTTLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bolt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1872.
I, JAMES BOLT, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manager for the
Halifax “Aërated Water Company," Limited, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STOPPER FOR BOTTLES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has reference chiefly to the stoppering of bottles for
containing aerated waters or liquors, but is also applicable to the stop-
pering of bottles containing non-aerated liquors. It consists of a hollow
cylinder of wood or other suitable material of such diameter as the
opening of the neck of the bottle requires for stopping which it is to be
applied, a metallic bolt, the shank of which will pass easily through the
hollow of the cylinder, and a washer or ring of india-rubber, gutta
percha, or other elastic and non-porous material of greater diameter
than the opening of the neck of the bottle, which washer or ring is
placed between the head of the bolt and the inner end of the cylinder,
also a screw nut to be applied to the outer end of this bolt to fasten and
secure the whole together.

page_text: The method of application is as follows:-The bolt with the washer
upon it is first introduced into the bottle, then by turning the bottle
bottom upwards and inserting the cylinder into the neck of the bottle,
the shank of the bolt will pass through the cylinder when the nut is to
be put on and screwed tight. When this stopper is to be used for
stoppering bottles containing aerated liquors, I have a short slit cut in
the inner end of the cylinder to which the washer is applied, so that by
pressing the cylinder inwards the gas will be liberated through the
whole of the washer and this slit before finally pressing the stopper into
the bottle; and this slit is for the purpose of pressing in the stopper
with more facility. When it is to be used for non-aerated liquids, I form
a groove or grooves in the outer end of the aforesaid wood cylinder in
such position that one or other of them will be available for the appli-
cation of a clip or cotter to hold the said stopper in the neck of the
bottle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING THE HAIR OR FUR FROM SKINS AND APPLYING THE SAME TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lambert de Montoison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd July 1872.
I, JOSEPH LAMBERT DE MONTOISON, of Lille, France, at present of
123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING THE
HAIR OR FUR FROM SKINS AND APPLYING THE SAME TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
.
This Invention relates, firstly, to an improved and easy means of
removing the hair or fur from skins of animals, prior to applying the
said hair or fur to various useful purposes. After the skins have been
wetted I treat their under side with a mixture of chalk and sulphuric
acid, and when they have become saturated with the preparation, the
hair or fur, as the case may be, is removed with the greatest facility by
hand or other means, and when dry is ready for use.
Secondly. In applying the fur or hair so removed to various useful
purposes, if it be desired to obtain a material for hats and other similar
articles, I first separate the fur or hair when dry in the following
•

page_text: -
manner I place the fur or hair in a cylindrical case or box in
which revolves a drum on which are arranged lengthwise a series of
strings of catgut or other suitable material. When this drum is
revolved by hand or power, as required, the hair or fur is evenly
collected along the several rows of catgut, and is then utilized as
desired.
If it be desired to make imitation furs, rugs, or articles of wearing
apparel, such as overcoats, it is not necessary to separate the fur or
hair in the revolving drums before described; but it may be taken,
after removal from the skins, and when dry, applied in small portions.
or tufts to a material, such as waterproof linen or caoutchouc, one side
of which is coated with glue or other adhesive mixture capable of
retaining the fur or hair applied to it.
When the adhesive mixture has dried the fur or hair so made to
adhere is brushed and trimmed, and the material is then ready for use
in any of the ways and for either of the various purposes before
mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BASS AND OTHER BROOMS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Telford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1872.
I, THOMAS TELFORD, of the Town and County of the Town of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Brush Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BASS AND OTHER BROOMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that part of the manufacture known as
"tying-up" the bass, hair, or other fibre, and it consists in turning the
wires or threads known in the trade as "snoods" into a ring shape at
or about the centre, so that the ends lie, so to speak, under and between
the central part and form a double loop into which a bunch or tuft of
bass, hair, or other fibre can be inserted before the ends of the wire or
the thread are drawn tight. The ends of the wire or thread are free, and
may have other loops for taking over rods or pins, by which the necessary
purchase can be obtained for drawing the loops tight and firmly binding
the snood in position, after which the ends may be cut off short to the
loops or left to be turned round the tuft as desired. The main feature in
the Invention is preparing snoods with double loops and with the ends

page_text: under the bends, so that when the ends are pulled tight with the tuft
between the loops a perfect binding is the result. I may mention that
by my Invention the knot or binding becomes all the tighter as the ends
are drawn with more and more force.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SKATE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Thompson,
Edmund Harris, and George French at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd November
1872.
We, WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON, EDMUND HARRIS, and GEORGE
FRENCH, all of Devonshire Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
SKATE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference more especially to skates running or
working on wheels .or rollers (although in some cases blades or sliders
may be substituted), and the object is that tilting sideways of the foot
rest or frame out of its horizontal or nearly horizontal or normal position
shall so control the axes of the rollers (or the substituted blades) as to
cause the skate when propelled under the tilted condition assumed to
run in a path or course to the right or to the left of the normal path or
course in which it would otherwise run, that is to say, when the foot
rest is not tilted.

page_text: For convenience of description let it be assumed that the skate is
reversed or turned upside down, and that the foot rest is stationary and
in a horizontal position. Two carriages, one towards the front end and
the other towards the back end, and each supporting a pair of rollers
(or of blades) are mounted on the under side of the foot rest, so as to be !
capable of rocking or tilting sideways on a longitudinal ridge or on a
projection thereupon; the parts so mounted are connected by a pivot
which also permits the carriage to turn partly round upon it. And the
carriage is provided with certain rubbing or bearing parts or places
bearing upon inclined plates or horns projecting from the foot rest
which when the tilting action takes place, compel or control the turning
action also. A ball and socket fitting where the parts are pivotted is
contemplated in some cases as a convenient method of fulfilling the
above requirements. Also a bolt or screw for the pivot with india-
rubber or elastic packing to hold the parts together.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brooks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1872.
I, THOMAS BROOKS, of Minerva, in the County of Stark, and State of
Ohio, in the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," to
bé as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to the production of a high steel
adapted to the manufacture of cutlery and other edge tools where clear
sharp edges are required. together with toughness and malleability, and
which at the same time shall weld perfectly and solidly without the use
of welding fluxes or other chemical compounds.
The Invention relates, secondly, to the employment of certain chemical
compounds in the manufacture of steel.
In carrying out my Invention I by preference take the various
ingredients in the following proportions, viz., seventy-four pounds of
bar iron, fourteen ounces of tungsten, eight ounces of charcoal, three

page_text: ounces of manganese, eight ounces of fluor spar or chlorophane, and
subject the same to the usual treatment employed in converting processes
in a smelting pot. When it is required to produce a finer quality of tool
welding steel I substitute two and a half ounces of calcium tungstate
for the tungsten, using the charcoal, manganese, and fluor spar or chloro- |
phane as above recited.
In the above described processes I prefer to use "Swedish roll bar” of
the "KB" brand, as I find it to be very free from impurities and of very
uniform quality, for which reason I can obtain satisfactory results with
more certainty than I can by the employment of any other brand of iron
with which I am acquainted. When using this particular grade of iron
I prefer to use the ingredients in the proportions named, but I do not
confine myself to the same as they will vary according to the kind of iron
to be operated upon. To produce a "file steel" I by preference take
about seventy-four pounds of "Bessemer scrap or rail bar," one and a half
pounds of cast iron, or two pounds of fluor spar or chlorophane, one half
ounce of manganese, one and a half ounces of charcoal, one ounce of
bismuth, and treat the same in a melting furnace. The steel produced
from these ingredients and by these processes will weld without the
usual chemicals employed for that purpose, will make tools capable of
receiving clean sharp edges, and be perfectly malleable and tough.
ImprOVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE DOORS, AND FOR OTHER USES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Bagster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1872.
I, BENJAMIN Bagster, of Bushey, in the County of Herts, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “ImprOVEMENTS IN
LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE DOORS, AND FOR OTHER
USES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to obtain a lock or fastening which
shall hold securely by the simple act of closing the door or other
enclosing means to which it is applied.
In carrying out my improvements the bolt or catch is formed to turn
or oscillate on a bar or fulcrum near the surface of the closing edge of
the door or enclosing means and in a plane parallel to the hinges of
such door or enclosing means. The opposite edge of the bolt or catch in
thickness corresponds with the amount or length of bolting required, and
is formed to a curve struck from such fulcrum, it also is at that part
acted upon by springs with a tendency to force that curved edge or
thickened part outwards, and when so forced outwards is of a wedge

page_text: form. On closing the door or enclosing means the springs yield until
the door or enclosing means is closed, when the curved or thickened
edge acts in a recess or in the "striking plate" of the frame to the door
or enclosing means holding it securely in its place. The outer edge of
the bolt is drawn in for opening the door or enclosing means to which
it is applied by an arm from the axis of the handle or of the socket
of a key.
By one arrangement the arm projecting from the axis of the handle
is formed with a recess to receive the end of the arm or rod which
passes through or acts upon the bolt or catch, and this recess is formed
mainly by one straight and one inclined side so that it may at all times
act on the arm or rod in withdrawing the bolt or catch and yet that
the bolt or catch may be free for its fastening edge to move freely
inwards whatever may be the position of the handle for the time being.
By another arrangement the arm from the axis of the handle or key
socket acts by a pin or stud in a slot in a link applied directly to
the bolt, but these parts may be varied. One, two, or more springs
may be applied according to the width of the bolt used or other
circumstances.
Bolts or fastenings thus formed are particularly applicable to railway
and other carriage doors by reason of the facility they afford for
fastening by the simple act of closing the door either from the outside
or the inside.
AN IMPROVED UTENSIL TO BE ADAPTED TO SAUCEPANS, FISH KETTLES, AND SUCH LIKE COOKING UTENSILS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rachel Annette Browne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
21st May 1872.
I, RACHEL ANNETTE BROWNE, of Richmond Hill, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " AN
IMPROVED UTENSIL TO BE ADAPTED TO SAUCEPANS, FISH KETTLES, AND SUCH LIKE
COOKING UTENSILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing an utensil to be applied to
saucepans and other similar cooking utensils, and which will act as a
drain, strainer, or steamer, and at the same time prevent articles cooked
therein from burning.
The following is an example of the improved utensil above referred
to when intended for a saucepan, for example, I take a piece of tin or
other suitable metal and form a ring about one inch in depth, and of a
diameter to to fit loosely in the said saucepan; to the top of this ring I
solder or otherwise fix a flat piece of perforated metal with slots made
in each side for the purpose of passing two handles loosely, the said
handles to be of a length that when this utensil is placed in the saucepan

page_text: they shall come to the top thereof; I also fix three or more small pins
to the top of the aforesaid ring at equal distances asunder for the
purpose hereafter stated. The above forms the drain. I then form
another ring of metal about the depth of the saucepan open at top and
bottom, and of such diameter as to fit over the aforesaid drain, in this
last-mentioned ring I cut vertical slots corresponding with the small
pins aforesaid in the drain, I also cut small horizontal slots leading from
the vertical slots aforesaid for the purpose of fixing the drain at any
desired height in the deep ring by means of the small pins aforesaid.
To use an utensil constructed as above described the whole is placed
in the saucepan, taking care to put the vertical slots over the pins in
the drain; this done, the article to be cooked is placed in the utensil,
and when ready for draining it is simply necessary to take hold of the
two aforesaid handles and then draw the drain up above the level of
the water, when this is done turn the drain slightly round and the
pins will then take into the horizontal slots in the deep ring, and the
drain thereby be kept in its place. And when it is required to "dish
up," remove the whole from the saucepan by means of the aforesaid
handles.
When it is required to press anything cooked in order to extract the
water therefrom (such as greens, for example,) I use a presser made of
a piece of flat metal about the diameter of the saucepan and with a
handle thereto.
When it is required to use the above utensil as a steamer it is simply
necessary to fix the drain above the level of the water as above-described,
then place the vegetables to be steamed in the utensil, and cover the
saucepan over. By using the above utensil the articles to be cooked
will not be liable to burn, as they can never come in contact with the
bottom of the saucepan.
AN IMPROVED CUPOLA OR FURNACE FOR SMELTING IRON
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Glaze at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
December 1872.
I, WILLIAM GLAZE, of Pensnett, in the County of Stafford, Moulder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CUPOLA OR FURNACE FOR SMELTING IRON," to be as follows:-
This improvement relates to cupolas for smelting iron, and consists
substantially in constructing the lower part of the said cupola of an
improved shape as herein-after explained. Hitherto these cupolas or
furnaces have been built of an even or equal circumference throughout
their whole height, but in this manner it is found that a very great
proportion of the combustion which should be employed for smelting the
iron is evolved into the atmosphere, and thus there is a direct loss of so
much valuable power. Now according to my Invention I build the
lower or working part of my improved cupola of a much greater
circumference than its upper part, which in my Invention constitutes the
shaft, whilst the lower or working part from its improved shape and
increased size is able to accommodate a much larger quantity of iron

page_text: which it is desired to melt than could be done by a furnace of the old
construction, and a much greater: degree of heat is generated and
retained; and in addition to this I am enabled by my improved con-
struction of furnace to: place the. tuyeres; much lower than usual, and
thus the bottom of the furnace is made much hotter than can be done 5
in furnaces as at present constructed.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lake Baker and Thomas
Newton Cox at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st May 1872.
We, JOHN LAKE BAKER and THOMAS NEWTON Cox, both of Hargrave,
in the County of Northampton, Agricultural Implement Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify the mechanical appliances
with which double or multiple ploughs are furnished for facilitating the
In order to turn these ploughs
turning of the same at the headland.
it is necessary as is well known first to lift the shares clear of the
ground. This lifting is effected by causing a temporary support, usually
a pair of wheels, to take the weight of the plough.
In order to simplify the construction of the lifting and turning
appliance we provide, near the centre of the plough, a rocking arm fitted
with a foot or a castor or its equivalent, which serves as a pivot for
supporting the plough in a balanced condition while being turned to
take up its position for making the return furrow. This rocking arm

page_text: is actuated by a hand lever which is capable of being locked so as to
fix the arm either in its raised or depressed condition. When the foot
or castor is brought to the ground and its arm locked the attendant
will be able by means of the plough handles to preserve the balance
of the plough while it is being turned by the horses, and so soon
as it is turned he will then by reversing the motion of the hand lever
lift the turning foot and thereby allow the ploughs to re-enter the
ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sanders Stevens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1872.
I, JOHN SANDERS STEVENS, of 69, Princes Street, Leicester Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in window sash
fasteners.
The ordinary window sash fasteners are insecure because they can be
acted on from the outside by an instrument inserted between the sashes,
and wind and wet can also in the same way enter between the sashes.
Now according to my Invention I construct window sash fasteners so as
to completely close the space between the sashes so that no instrument
can be passed between them and so that wind and wet are also effectually
excluded. In the upper rail of the lower sash I insert a bolt of the
entire width of the sash, and this bolt can when the window is closed be

page_text: shot out in a horizontal direction into a groove formed to receive it in the
upper sash. The bolt is moved by means of two levers jointed to it, one
on either side; these levers at their other end aro jointed to a knob or
handle; they turn on centres fixed in the box or frame in which the bolt
is mounted. Thus by means of the knob or handle the bolt can be shot 5
and withdrawn with a true and parallel motion from end to end.
In- PROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING COLLARS FOR SPINNING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Stott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
June 1872.
I, JOHN JAMES STOTT, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING COLLARS FOR SPINNING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows:
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the present revolving
spindles and substitute in their place a "revolving chambered tubular
collar" running on a stationary spindle, by which I intend to attain
greater steadiness and increased speed with less friction; they are and
may be used to any description of spindle with or without flyers. The
stationary spindle I make of cast iron, wrought iron, or steel, likewise
the tubular collar; on the lower end of this stationary spindle is a boss
or collar, on which the aforesaid tubular collar revolves. This spindle is
firmly fixed in place of the old revolving spindle, and if a flyer be
required it will be made to fit into the top end of this tubular collar.
I use the ordinary steadying collar as with the revolving spindle.
A NOVEL MODE OF CONSTRUCTING (WITH REFERENCE TO IN- DEPENDENT AXLES AND CRANK SHAFTS) RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES, TRACTION ENGINES, AND OTHER ENGINES, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, VANS, AND TRUCKS, AS WELL AS TRAMWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Michael Zamoyski and
William Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th June 1872.
We, JOHN MICHAEL ZAMOYSKI and WILLIAM JACKSON, both of 17,
Great George Street, Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NOVEL MODE OF CONSTRUCTING (WITH REFERENCE TO IN-
DEPENDENT AXLES AND CRANK SHAFTS) RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES, TRACTION ENGINES,
AND OTHER ENGINES, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, VANS, AND TRUCKS, AS WELL AS TRAMWAY
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The wheels of all the railway and tramway rolling stock, traction
engines, and other engines are entirely disconnected, so as to insure a
true, steady, and perfectly free and independent action of each other.
The railway carriages, vans, and trucks, and tramway carriages have a
double under framing made of wood or iron as the case may be. The
description of the wheels remains as at present, but the mode of appli-
cation of them to railway and tramway rolling stock, traction engines,
and other engines is different from that under the present system. The
axles extend to about twelve or more inches on each side of the centre
of the wheels, just as the character of the different classes of carriages

page_text: or engines may require, and they have an axle box fitted on each end
of the axles. The springs of ordinary construction are fixed into the
axle boxes in the usual manner. The wheels are kept in place by means
of strong guides fitting into grooves on each side of the axle boxes.
These guides are fixed on to the double under framing by strong bolts,
and serve to keep the wheels in the proper gauge without the use of
the connecting axlc.
The locomotive remains unchanged in many respects. It has a double
iron under framing, thus enabling the bearing and the trailing wheels to
be applied thereto as in the case of carriages, and the driving wheels
to be worked independently by a separate pair of cylinders each. The
cylinders may be made smaller in proportion to the size of the engine.
The springs are to be over or under the axles just as the case suits best.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PEN, PENCIL, AND CROCHET-NEEDLE HOLDERS, BOUQUET HOLDERS OR FLOWER TUBES, NEEDLE CASES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Fellowes Lewis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1872.
I, RICHARD FELLOWES LEWIS, of Herbert Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PEN, PENCIL, AND CROCHET-NEEDLE HOLDERS,
BOUQUET HOLDERS OR FLOWER TUBES, NEEDLE CASES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :—
The Invention consists in the employment of pipe clay, china clay, or
other like plastic composition or cement for the manufacture of articles
such as pen, pencil, and crochet needle holders, bouquet holders, or
flower tubes, needle cases, and other like articles, whereby a cheaper
and more ornamental article than at present in use is obtained.
To carry out my Invention for the manufacture of pen, pencil, and
crochet needle holders and other like articles, I form a rod (solid by
preference) of one of the above named plastic materials, and cut it into
the length required for the article to be produced. The ends of the rod
are prepared according to its intended use, and the article having been

page_text: fired is then ornamented with any suitable design. These rods are
formed, by preference, by forcing the clay through a round tube or
mould.
Bouquet holders or flower tubes, needle cases, and other like articles
are formed of one of the said materials in moulds, and afterwards 5
ornamented and finished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING TWO OR MORE YARNS OR THREADS OF FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mitchell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1872.
I, THOMAS MITCHELL, of Cullingworth, near Bingley, in the County
of York, Drawing and Spinning Overlooker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING
AND TWISTING TWO OR MORE YARNS OR THREADS OF FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be
as follows:-
Heretofore in the use of doubling frames when the yarn has been
pieced the attendant has had to place it upon the surface of the bottom
roller or boss by hand. Now to avoid this attention I cut or form a
series of notches in the external angles of the said rollers or bosses, which
notches as the bosses rotate engage with or catch hold of the thread or.
yarn and lift it upon the surface or periphery, and thus place it between
the top and bottom rollers as required.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO RETORTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Colvin Fraser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1872.
I, ALEXANDER COLVIN FRASER, of 41, Clarence Road, Finsbury
Park, London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO RETORTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF GAS," to be as follows:-
1
My Invention relates to certain improvements in an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me, bearing date the 20th day of
April, 1864, numbered 990, and consists in forming in the interior of
retorts a fixed or moveable covered hollow rib or channel for facilitating
the escape of the gas from the lower part of the charge during the
carbonizing process, which is sometimes retarded at present by the crust
found on the upper surfaces of the charge. I effect this in ribbed
retorts constructed in accordance with the Specification of my said
former Patent by placing loosely over one or more of the depressions or
hollows between any two of the said ribs an angular or curved
covering or coverings, preferably of cast iron, in which suitable openings

page_text: are made to allow the gas to pass readily into the hollow space or rib
thus formed, whence it passes off to the eduction pipe or pipes.
When using plain cast-iron retorts I form the hollow rib or channel
by casting suitable ribs in the retort with openings for the passage of the
gas into the space between them, and apply over such ribs the before
mentioned covering, with or without openings therein.
'
When adapting my said improvements to existing plain cast-iron or
clay retorts I cast the said covering with sides furnished with openings
for the escape of the gas, the said sides resting on the floor of the
retort and forming with the covering a hollow covered rib or channel 1
as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Making Gas and Water SUPPLY PIPES, EQUALLY APPLICABLE AS A PREVENTATIVE AGAINST FIRE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dominick Tully and
Jethro Thomas Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th November 1872.
We, THOMAS DOMINIOK TULLY, of 2, Queen's Road, South Lambeth,
in the County of Surrey, Gas Engineer, and JETHRO THOMAS ROBINSON,
of Laural Bank, Steel's Road, Haverstock Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Architect and Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN Making Gas and Water SUPPLY PIPES,
EQUALLY APPLICABLE AS A PREVENTATIVE AGAINST FIRE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to render the escape of gas from the
numerous pipes, fittings, &c., in public and other places almost
impossible, and also by similar means to extinguish any fire that may
take place; this is to be effected by a combination of the gas and water
supply pipes.
By means of our arrangements in the event of fire taking place every
gas pipe is converted into a water pipe in every part of the building.
Every valve and cook connected to this arrangement of gas and water
pipes, will be converted into high-pressure water pipes, and may be

page_text: directed to the seat of fire by opening any cock or cocks leading in that
direction. The fire being extinguished and the gas again required we
shut the valve upon the water main, and open a cock which acts as a
drain pipe and in a short time all the water is drained off, and the cock
may then be shut and the gas used as before. In the whole of the main
gas pipes or roof and ceiling over the pit of a theatre we make an
additional arrangement of several self-acting valves which no pressure
given by the gas company's can open; but which the water pressure
would immediately open and throw upon a fire in that locality so many
large streams of water by which the fire would be extinguished; the con-`]
struction of such roofs being chiefly of wood it would be impossible if
on fire for any person to get to it, thus making the self-acting valves of
great utility..
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Greener and
Thomas Sexton Sarney at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th February 1872.
We, JOHN HENRY GREENER, of Lombard Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer, and THOMAS SEXTON SARNEY, of Brixton, in
the County of Surrey, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR
PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improved methods of fastening or securing
keys, chairs, and rails to railway sleepers, and also forming joint chairs
and adapting keys and chairs to the purposes of this Invention.
In order to secure keys (whether formed of wood or metal), chairs,
and rails to the sleepers, a spike or trenail, or screw, or bolt is passed
through the wood or metal key, and through the chair after the key is
driven into its place into the sleeper when the latter is made of wood, or
when a bolt is employed the head of the same may be tightened by
means of a fang nut placed at the lower extremity of the bolt beneath
the sleeper. In cases in which the sleepers and keys are made of metal.

page_text: a bolt is passed through the keys and chairs and screwed into a nut
beneath the sleeper, and which nut may be loose or fixed to the latter,
the bolt being turned by means of its head. Holes of suitable form and
size are of course formed in the keys, chairs, and sleepers for the
reception of the spikes, trenails, screws, or bolts employed. In using
this Invention as adapted to joint chairs, the two corners of the flange
of the rail, if of vignolles or bridge section, are punched or cut away
so as to form a space for the bolt or spike or trenail to pass through, and
allow free expansion of the rails.
If two bolts are used two holes are punched or cut in the flanges of a
circular or oval form, one in each rail near the end thereof, the bolts in
either case being provided with fang nuts to tighten up against the
lower side of the sleepers if constructed of wood, and with ordinary nuts
when the sleepers are formed of iron, the keys, rails, and chairs being
thus held firmly in position.
IMPROVED OPERATING MECHANISM FOR WASHING MACHINES AND CHURNS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1872.-A communication from abroad by Andrew
Gormly Myers, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Hazeltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED OPERATING MECHANISM FOR
WASHING MACHINES AND CHURNS," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to novel mechanism for operating the
beaters or agitators of washing machines and churns, and it is de-
signed to afford the means for communicating to the said beaters or
agitators a rotary motion around a central axis or spindle in a more
easy and convenient manner than has heretofore been found practicable.
:-
I apply my said Invention to a washing machine as follows:-
I provide the vertical spindle or shaft which carries the beaters and
extends through the bottom of the case or tub of the machine with a

page_text: stuffing box outside the bottom of the tub. Outside or below this
stuffing box the said shaft carries a fly wheel, whose diameter may
be the same or nearly the same as that of the tub. To one arm of
this wheel I connect a rod which extends horizontally outward beyond
the periphery of the tub. The outer end of this connecting rod is
attached to the lower end of a vertical lever which has its fulcrum
in a small bracket secured to the outside of the tub. The upper end
of this lever extends up above the top of the tub, and is formed with
a suitable handle by which the lever may be conveniently manipulated.
I prefer that the aforesaid lever should be a wooden bar passed through
a metal clip, through whose sides the fulcrum pin is passed.
My Invention is applied to a churn in the same manner, and may be
placed on any washing machine or churn whose beaters or agitators are
attached or connected to a vertical spindle projecting through the
bottom of the tub; and it may be readily applied to washing machines
and churns of this class already in use.
The said Invention will render the washing machine or churn ex-
ceedingly simple, inexpensive, and convenient. The absence of any
wheels, cranks, or other mechanism at the top will permit ready access
to the churn and the easy removal and replacing of the cover, and by
substituting the wheel and connecting rod for the toothed gearing
usually employed, the operation of the machine will be rendered
almost noiseless; and as the lever requires only a simple to-and-fro
motion at a moderate speed the operator may continue to work the
machine for a long time without fatigue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR ELEVATING CORN, GRAIN, OR SEED FROM ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Vogan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1872.
I, JAMES VOGAN, of Mill Wharf, Dockhead, in the County of Surrey,
Wharfinger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR ELEVATING
CORN, GRAIN, OR SEED FROM ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the mode of and apparatus for raising corn,
grain, or seeds from one level to another, such as from the hold of a
vessel to a wharf, or from one floor of a granary to another, the corn,
grain, or seed being raised by means of a strong current of air instead
of by means of the ordinary elevators.
In carrying out my Invention I construct an air-tight tube and I
connect its upper end with an exhaust fan or air pump, which when
in action will cause a very strong and rapid current of air to pass up
the air tube to which the corn or grain to be elevated is supplied
through any suitable opening at the lower end, so that as the air rushes

page_text: up the tube it will carry with it the corn or grain and will deposit the
same in any suitable receptacle or chamber at the upper or discharge
end of the tube.
If preferred a blast of air may be forced into the air pipe instead of
producing a current by means of an exhaust.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Catlow and William
Overton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd August 1872.
We, CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, Overlooker, and WILLIAM OVERTON,
Commission Agent, both of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in the application and use of a guide rod or
bar placed below the yarn beam and parallel therewith, extending across
the loom, and supported by brackets attached to the side frames. The
yarn from the beam is passed under the guide rod or bar, and from
thence to and over the back bearer as usual, so that when the yarn
is being drawn from the yarn beam the tensional strain on the yarn
between the beam and the guide rod or bar is downwards, and so the
beam is kept down in its bearings, and less "weighting" of the beam
is required than on looms as heretofore constructed, whereon the
tensional strain tends to lift or raise the beam out of its neck or
bearings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIMINISHING OR REDUCING VALVES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aaron Bradshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1872.
I, AARON BRADSHAW, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer and Machinery Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIMINISHING OR REDUCING VALVES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of an inexpensive
and efficient reducing valve, dispensing with the employment of mercury,
levers, and separate pistons.
The construction and action is as follows:-The valve is enclosed and
works within a suitable casing to which I admit steam. On the centre
line of the spindle of the valve I place a piston or pistons. If two pistons
are employed I vary their diameters so as to destroy the equilibrium and
so cause the valve to close when the desired pressure is secured. If two
definite pressures are required the pistons may readily be so proportioned
as to dispense with weights; but if the required pressure is a varying one
I then lengthen the spindle of the piston and valve and add such weight
as may be required. Que piston may be employed either alone or in
conjunction with weights.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RIVETS, BOLTS, AND SPIKES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cox at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1872.
I, JOSEPH Сox, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RIVETS, BOLTS, AND SPIKES," to be
as follows:
Machinery for the manufacture of rivets, bolts, and spikes consists
essentially of a die in which the blank or heated rod of iron to be
headed is placed, which die by a horizontal motion is alternately brought
under and removed from under the vertical slide carrying the heading
tool. The said heading tool is worked by a lever actuated by a
|crank on a rotating shaft.
The horizontal motions of the die into which the blank is fed are
ordinarily effected by hand, and my said Invention consists in giving
the required motions to the said die by mechanism constructed and
combined in the following manner :- -Geared to the shaft by which
the heading tool is actuated is another and parallel shaft, which makes

page_text: one rotation to cach two rotations of the heading tool shaft. The
said parallel shaft is situated immediately over and crosses a hori-
zontal slide connected with the die into which the blank is fed.
The said parallel shaft carries an arm or tappet which, as the shaft
rotates, strikes alternately one or other of two projections or brackets
on the said slide, and thus gives to the said slide at the required times
the required motions. The said slide is connected to the die by a
connecting rod or link.
Instead of fixing on a horizontal slide the projections or brackets
against which the tappet on the parallel shaft strikes the said
projections or brackets may constitute the two arms of a fork oscillating
in a vertical plane upon a centre, the die being connected by a link
or connecting rod to the said fork.
For convenience of description I have described my Invention with
reference to a machine containing a single heading tool and die, but
the said machines are usually constructed in duplicate, and my Invention
is applicable to the said machines, whether they are constructed to make
one, two, or more rivets, bolts, or spikes, at one revolution of the
principal shaft of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEAT FUEL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Berry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1872.
I, JOHN BERRY, of Dublin, in the County of Dublin, Ireland, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEAT FUEL," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of peat fuel, for which
purpose I mix or combine peat with clay or Portland or other
cement, or with clay and Portland or other cement, and mould the
combined mass into cakes or blocks of the required size, which may
be subsequently pressed in suitable moulds and dried.
The clay may be used in the form of clay wash or it may in some cases
be baked or dried before being combined with the peat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NECK TIES AND SCARVES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Calvert Coates and
Daniel May at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th January 1872.
We, JAMES CALVERT COATES and DANIEL MAY, of Oat Lane, in the
City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NECK TIES AND SCARVES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of neck ties and scarves
with two knots or fold-over ends for making the same reversible, the
band being removable and capable of being attached to either knot or
fold-over in a temporary manner by sewing it on, or by eyelets or other
fasteners.
The ends or hanging flap or flaps have a knot or a fold-over portion at
each end, to the inner portion of which a fastener or means of attaching
a band to is secured, the band being composed of the same or some other
material, which is passed round the neck and its free end secured in the

page_text: ordinary manner. Two bands may be used if desired, one being secured
to each knot.
In lieu of the band a loop of elastic material may be employed for
securing the tie or scarf to the shirt button or the collar band; in this
case the loop or loops may be permanently attached or not as desired.
THE BETTER MANU- FACTURING OF TIN AND TEENE PLATES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Price and Abraham
Leon Saniscovsky at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd November 1872.
We, THOMAS PRICE, of Llanelly, in the County of Carmarthen,
Tinman, and ABRAHAM LEON SANISCOVSKY, of Four Fen Court,
Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Tin Plate Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE BETTER MANU-
FACTURING OF TIN AND TEENE PLATES,” to be as follows :—
The conveying by means of one, two, or more tubes or pipes through
the tinning pots or wash pots, or through both or either of them, of air
which becomes heated, and is passed off through other perforated pipes,
or tubes or pipes, or tubes with openings along them-placed at a suitable
height and position across the tinning pot or wash pot, or both; or either
of them, on to the plates as they leave the tinning pot or wash pot,
thereby causing the surplus metal to fall from off the plates.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING SPINDLES USED IN PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
February 1872.
I, THOMAS ROWLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR LUBRICATING SPINDLES USED IN PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an oil cup or vessel to be applied to the
spindles, and so constructed as to afford a constant supply of oil to the
said spindles and to prevent waste.
I employ a cup or vessel of metal, hard wood, vulcanite, or other
suitable material, and of a cylindrical or other convenient form to
contain the oil, through the centre of which the spindle passes. This
cup or vessel has a false bottom with a hole through it sufficiently large
to admit the spindle, and beneath this is a washer fitting the spindle
closely and kept in its place by the loose bottom of the cup or vessel
which is screwed or otherwise attached.

page_text: This washer may be made of leather, felt, or other material, and is for
the purpose of preventing the escape of more than the required amount
of oil. When the hole through this washer becomes worn and too great
leakage takes place, it is to be tightened by screwing up the bottom
or removed by unscrewing the bottom and replaced by a new one.
On the top of the cup or vessel is a cover screwed on or otherwise
fixed for the purpose of preventing the admission of dust or "fly,"
and which can be easily removed for renewing the supply of oil when
required.
It will be obvious that for the footsteps at the bottom of the spindles,
the bearing for the point of the spindle may be on the bottom of
the oil cup or vessel, and that in that case there would be no hole
through the latter, and no washer or loose bottom would be required.