IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLUES FOR COPPERS. BOILERS, STOVES, COOKING APPARATUSES, AND STILLS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William John Armstead, of Sawston, in the County of
Cambridgeshire, and George Pannell, of Haverhill, in the County of Suffolk,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLUES FOR
COPPERS. BOILERS, STOVES, COOKING APPARATUSES, AND STILLS."
Sealed the 13th June 1879, and dated the 16th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William John Armstead and
George Pannell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th
December 1878.
WILLIAM JOHN ARMSTEAD, of Sawston, in the County of Cambridgeshire, and
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
GEORGE PANNELL, of Haverhill, in the County of Suffolk.
CONSTRUCTION OF FLUES FOR COPPERS, BOILERS, STOVES, COOKING APPARATUSES,
AND STILLS."
The objects of this Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction
or arrangement of flues for coppers, boilers, stoves, cooking apparatus, and stills,
are, to economize the consumption of fuel, and more equally distribute and com-
pletely utilize the heat obtained therefrom.
In carrying our Invention into practice we construct a case preferably of iron,
and of any desired shape, depending upon the apparatus it is intended to surround;
and within it we arrange in a vertical, horizontal, oblique, circular, spiral, or other
desired direction partitions or divisions which extend inwards from the case in such
a manner that when the copper or still is placed within the case they form continuous
circuitous or zig-zag flues immediately surrounding or adjacent to the vessel or
apparatus to be heated, and along which the products of combustion from the
furnace or fire place to the chimney, and thus are completely utilized, the heat being
moreover inore evenly distributed than by the present arrangement of flues, which
permits of a too ready escape of the products of combustion before they have been
economically utilized.
pass
The complete combustion of the smoke is or may be attained by admitting air
by a pipe or otherwise to the flues at a suitable part or parts.

page_text: By thus constructing or arranging the flues the copper, boiler, still, or cooking or
other apparatus can be lifted out with ease, giving easy access to the flues for being
cleaned.
The furnace or fire place can also be arranged to be removable, so that it may be
taken out or removed and replaced at will, the door being preferably made as a
sliding door, and either circular or square.
At the outlet from the flue or flues into the chimney a damper is placed in order
to regulate the combustion as required.
When in position the copper or other apparatus rests upon stays constructed
within the case just above the fire, or in any other convenient position.
For the purpose of preventing any radiation or loss of heat the iron or other
case may be further encased or set in brick, or with a suitable non-conducting
composition.
According to another modification we arrange or construct the flues in such a
manner as that they will project at a part or parts away from the central or main
flue, and at the upper part or top of such projecting parts we make suitable
depressions or recesses in which various cooking utensils can be placed to utilize
the heat. The flues may also be arranged to heat surrounding or adjacent ovens ;
and according to this modification we prefer to arrange the boiler immediately
above the fire and within the central flue; by these means the products of combustion
will be much impeded in their circuitous passage or escape, and they will thus be
caused more thoroughly to part with their caloric, which is utilized to the fullest
and most economical extent. The traverse of the products of combustion will be
regulated and controlled by conveniently arranged dampers.
This arrangement forms a circular or other shaped cooking and baking stove in
combination with a ready means of boiling or obtaining hot water, and will be
very serviceable for kitchen, hospital, camp, and other like uses.
The arrangement is very simple in construction, and admits of being very easily
taken to pieces and packed in a comparatively small compass for transit.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William John Armstead and George Pannell in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 16th June 1879.
WILLIAM JOHN ARMSTEAD, of Sawston, in the County of Cambridgeshire, and
GEORGE PANNELL, of Haverhill, in the County of Suffolk. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF FLUES FOR COPPERS, BOILERS, STOVES, COOKING APPARATUSES,
AND STILLS."
The objects of this Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction
or arrangement of flues for coppers, boilers, stoves, cooking apparatus, and stills,
are, to economize the consumption of fuel, and more equally distribute and com-
pletely utilize the heat obtained therefrom.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings illustrative of our Invention we have
delineated various methods of practically adapting the same; and in order that our
Invention may be completely understood we have marked the annexed Drawings
with figures of reference corresponding with those in the following description and
explanation thereof.
Figures 1 to 3 illustrate our Invention as adapted to an ordinary domestic
copper.
I represents the copper, and 2 a case which surrounds it. This case may be
constructed of sheet iron or of cast iron, or of any other suitable substance, and of
any desired shape, depending upon the apparatus it is intended to surround.
Between the copper and the case we arrange in a vertical, horizontal, oblique,
circular, spiral, or other desired direction a series of partitions or divisions 3 which
extend inwards from the case in such a manner that when the copper (or still or
other apparatus) is placed within the case 2 they form continuous, circuitous, or
zigzag flues 4 immediately surrounding or adjacent to the copper, vessel, or other
apparatus to be heated, and along which the products of combustion pass from the
furnace or fire place 5 to the outlet or chimney 6, and are thus completely utilized,
the heat being moreover more evenly distributed than by the present arrangement
of flues, which permits of a too ready escape of the products of combustion before
they have been economically utilized.
The complete combustion of the smoke is or may be attained by admitting air
by a pipe or otherwise to the flues at a suitable part or parts.
Figure 1 represents a section of a case provided according to this Invention with
circular flues 4 surrounding the copper 1, and in circuitous communication with
each other by means of holes 7 in the horizontal divisions 3. 8 represents a damper
which is placed at the outlet 6 from the flue or flues into the chimney in order to
regulate the combustion as required.
Figure 2 represents a similar case provided with helical or "spiral" flues.
And Figure 3 represents a similar arrangement with vertical and top flues.
The arrows indicate the direction of the draught.
The flues may be made in parts, circular or otherwise, and fitted one to the other,
and be made of wrought, cast, sheet, or malleable iron, or other suitable substance,
and partially lined with firebrick.
By thus arranging or constructing the flues the copper, boiler, still, or cooking or
other apparatus can be lifted out with ease, allowing of easy access being had to
the flues for being cleaned. The furnace or fireplace can also be arranged to be
removable, so that it may be taken out or removed and replaced at will; and it
may also be fitted with firebrick, and the door 9 being preferably made as a sliding
door, and either circular or square; Figure 4 illustrates the case without the copper
and fireplace, these having been removed.
When in position the copper or other apparatus rests upon stays 10 arranged
within the case just above the fire, or in any other convenient position.

page_text: For the purpose of preventing (to as large an extent as possible) radiation or loss
of heat, the case 2 may be surrounded by or set in brickwork, or covered with a
suitable non-conducting composition.
Figure 5 illustrates another modification of our Invention, and represents a
cottage range 11 with a circular flue 12; 13 represents a side oven; and 14, a side
boiler arranged as usually.
Figure 6 illustrates the flue when in position.
According to another modification, illustrated in Figures 7 to 9, representing
sectional views, we arrange or construct the flues 4 so as to project at a part or
parts away from a central or main flue 4*, the upper part or top of such projecting
parts 15 we make flat or with suitable depressions or recesses 16, on or in which
various cooking utensils 17 can be placed, as illustrated in these Figures, to utilize
the heat.
These flues may also be arranged to heat surrounding or adjacent ovens 13*, as
illustrated in Figure 7; and according to this modification we prefer to arrange
the boiler 14* immediately above the fire and within the central flue. The flues
may also be connected at opposite points by cross-tubes 18, as illustrated in Figures
8 and 9.
By these means the heated gases of combustion will be much impeded in their
circuitous passage or escape, and will thus be caused more thoroughly to part with
their caloric, which is utilized to the fullest and most economical extent. The
traverse of the products of combustion may be regulated and controlled by con-
veniently arranged dampers, which may be placed in such various positions that it
has not been deemed expedient to illustrate them.
The arrangement illustrated in these Figures forms a circular or other shaped
cooking and baking stove in combination with a ready means of boiling or obtaining
hot water, and will be very serviceable for kitchen, hospital, camp, and other like
uses,
The arrangement is very simple in construction, and being made in rings or
segments may be easily placed together, and as easily taken to pieces and packed in
a comparatively small compass for transit.
Having now described the nature and objects of our said Inden, together
with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, we would remark in conclusion that I claim as our Invention,―
The above described useful and efficient improvements in the construction or
arrangement of flues for coppers, boilers, stoves, cooking apparatus, and stills,
substantially as described, and as illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, for the purposes of economizing the consumption of fuel, and more
equally distributing and completely utilizing the heat obtained therefrom.
In witness whereof, I, the said William John Armstead, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
W. J. ARMSTEAD. (L.S.)