IMPROVEMENTS IN STEEL PINNED COVERING FOR CARDING AND RAG MACHINES, COTTON WASTE OPENERS, AND ANALOGOUS MACHINES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH COVERINGS AND COMBS, GILLS. AND SIMILAR ARTICLES.
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Walter Harding, of the Tower Works, Globe
Road, Leeds, in the County of York, Hackle, Gill, and Pin Manufacturer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEEL PINNED COVERING FOR CARDING
AND RAG MACHINES, COTTON WASTE OPENERS, AND ANALOGOUS MACHINES,
AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH COVERINGS AND COMBS, GILLS.
AND SIMILAR ARTICLES.
23
Sealed the 2nd September 1879, and dated the 20th March 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Walter Harding
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1879.
THOMAS WALTER HARDING, of the Tower Works, Globe Road, Leeds, in the
County of York, Hackle, Gill, and Pin Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEEL
PINNED COVERING FOR CARDING AND RAG MACHINES, COTTON WASTE OPENERS,
AND ANALOGOUS MACHINES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH
COVERINGS, AND COMBS, GILLS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
The first part of my Invention relates to improvements in the steel pin covering
of rag machine cylinders. This has hitherto been made in wooden segments or
lags, into which are driven steel teeth tapered by forging and their shanks left
square. In some cases teeth with a ground taper and made of round steel have
been used, but these are liable to become loose and fly out in working, and to turn
round in the holes when they get bent. My first improvement consists in making
these ground or tapered round pins into staples, which being driven into the holes
bored into the wooden segments can neither fly out nor turn round. My second
improvement consists in the employment of segments of wrought iron instead of
wood for holding the staples, or instead of segments a cylinder of wrought iron may
be used in one piece.
The second head of my Invention consists in the application to the cylinders of
cotton waste openers of wrought iron segments or cylinders, filled either with staple
pins, as previously described, or with single teeth.
The third head of my Invention relates to carding engines, and consists, firstly,
in the use of wrought iron tubes for the covering of the feed rollers, and of wrought
iron or brass tubes for the covering of the workers, strippers, and doffers of cards,
such tubes being filled with steel pins at the required angles; secondly, in the use

page_text: of corrugated or grooved metal as a foundation for holding the pins or bent teeth,
for covering the various rollers of carding engines.
The fourth head of my Invention consists in machinery or apparatus for the
manufacture of wrought iron pinned segments, or cylinders, or tubes. In the case
of segments I prefer to use the metal rolled to a suitable section or width. I next
cut the rolled metal into suitable lengths, after which I pass them through a
machine, in which rotating grinding wheels or cutters form both edges at once to
the required bevil or angle. For bending the plates or segments crosswise to the
required curve I use a press with suitably formed dies, or I pass them between rolls,
one of which has a concave and the other a convex surface.
In order to facilitate the drilling of the segments I first produce (where the holes
are required) conical indentations by means of a series of centre punches arranged
to the desired pitch in a machine suitably actuated either by a continuous motive
power or by hydraulic pressure.
For drilling the holes in the segments or tubes I use a multiple drilling machine
in which a number of drilling spindles are mounted at fixed and equal distances
from each other upon a suitable carriage, the said spindles being driven in the
usual way.
The segments or tubes are so mounted upon a slide as to be properly presented
to the action of the drills, whether the holes require to be radial or tangential, and
when the drills retire the said slide which is provided with a dividing arrangement
is moved forward either automatically or by hand.
The drilling apparatus is also applicable to the drilling of wooden or brass
segments, and also with suitable modifications to the drilling of gills, combs, and
similar articles.
The segments having been drilled and the holes filled with pins or staples I
cause these to be pressed down (a considerable number at a time), the segments
meanwhile resting upon metal blocks of such form as to prevent distortion of the
same, and I use for the purpose a powerful hydraulic or other power, or hand
press.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Walter Harding in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th September 1879.
THOMAS WALTER HARDING, of the Tower Works, Globe Road, Leeds, in the
County of York, Hackle, Gill, and Pin Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN STEEL
PINNED COVERING FOR CARDING AND RAG MACHINES, COTTON WASTE OPENERS,
AND ANALOGOUS MACHINES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH
COVERINGS, AND COMBS, GILLS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
My Invention has for its object improvements in steel pinned covering for
carding and rag machines, cotton waste openers, and analogous machines, and in
machinery for manufacturing such coverings, and combs, gills, and similar articles.
The coverings of the cylinders of rag machines and cotton waste openers have
been made in various ways. One usual plan is to make the coverings in wooden
segments or lags, into which are driven steel teeth roughly tapered by forging, and
having their shanks square. In some cases round steel teeth with a ground taper
have been used, but though preferable to the forged teeth in many respects they
are liable to become loose in the holes, to fly out in working, and to turn round in
the holes, when after the pins have become bent it is attempted to straighten them;
or if their action in working be reversed.
It has been attempted to obviate these evils by the use of round pins or wires
made with nail heads, or having their roots slightly flattened.
Now one part of my Invention has for its object to produce a steel pin cover for
such cylinders, as above mentioned, so constructed that the pins cannot either fly
out or turn round as aforesaid.
For this purpose I cover the cylinder with a lagging cover or case provided with
pins ground or tapered at the ends, and made with round parts bent or curved like
staples, as hereinafter described. The ground or tapered ends or prongs of these
pins I pass through the thickness of the lagging cover or case, so that the bends
bear, rest, or bed against the surface of the cylinder body and lagging cover or
case, as hereinafter described. Double pins, as described, may be driven less tightly
into the lagging cover or case than is necessary for single pins, and there is there-
fore less liability to split the segments of the lagging when made of wood. As in
the case with the single pins the taper of the double or staple-like pins may either
be continued to a point or left with a stump end, the former being most usual for
cotton waste openers, and the latter for rag grinding. Where it is necessary to
have the double or staple-like pins at an angle the holes for them may be drilled
at the required angle, or the pins being driven radially or otherwise through the
substance of the lagging cover or case may be afterwards bent as required. The
bending may, where the pins are coarsely set, be done with a setting tool, such as
used for setting the pins in hackles and gills, or where the pins are small and
close set the bending may be done by the process well known to leather needle
point card makers as "mangling," the segments of the lagging cover or case being
for this purpose mounted on a roller or cylinder corresponding in size to that which
they are intended to cover.
Where the teeth are required to be bent after being driven through the substance
of the lagging cover or case it is necessary either that they should be made of iron,
or if made of steel that they should be left of a sufficiently low temper to permit of
the bending.
Segments of wood filled with pointed staple pins in this manner are very suitable
for covering "workers," "strippers," and "doffers" of cards, instead of the leather
covering hitherto in use.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 are side and end views
of a portion of a rag machine cover according to my Invention, A. being a wooden
segment, and B; B, stump ended double or staple-like pins, of which the crowns C.

page_text: are pressed into the wood so as not to project at the back; Figs. 3 and 4 are side
and end views, shewing a modification suitable for cotton opening, A 1 being a
wooden segment, and B1, B1, pointed double or staple-like pins. The back of
the segment is provided with grooves to receive the crowns C1; Figs. 5 and 6 are
views of the end and underside of a portion of a covering suitable for the doffer
roller of a card, A 2 being a wooden segment; B2, B2, the double or staple-like
pins, bent to the required angle by "mangling" after being driven through the
wood, and the crown C2 projecting over the wood.
According to another part of my Invention. in conjunction with double or staple-
like pins, as described, I employ a lagging cover or case constructed of segments of
wrought iron or brass, thus producing a very durable and safe covering. The
wrought iron or brass segments are fixed to the cylinders in the same way as the
wooden segments, except that in the case of rag machine coverings I provide an
annular recess in the cylinder to receive the projecting crowns of the bent pins.
The recessing of the cylinder may be avoided by making the wrought iron segments
of iron rolled with grooves or corrugations of sufficient depth to receive the said
crowns, and thus form a level bed on the underside of the segments. Figs. 7 and 8.
are side and end views, in which A 3 is a portion of a wrought iron rag machine
segment, and B3, B 3, are the double pins; D is a portion of the cylinder of wood
or iron, upon which the segments are fixed. At F is shown the annular recess
turned in the cylinder D to receive the crowns C3 of the double pins. Fig. 9 shews
in end view a modification wherein the wrought iron segment is provided with
grooves or corrugations to receive the crowns of the double pins.
According to another part of my Invention I cover the cylinders with metallic
tubes combined with suitable pins, which for rag machines I make of the double or
staple-like form herein before described, and for the feed rollers and other rollers of
cards may be either of the said double or staple-like form, or may be single pins
arranged at the required angles.
.
The wrought iron tubes are secured by screws to the cylinders or rollers on
which they are mounted, and which they are made to fit.
Fig. 10 is an end view of a covering for a feed roller, in which double pins are
combined with a wrought iron tubular cover, through which the holes for the pins
are drilled at an angle; Fig. 11 shews in end view a modification designed for the
"workers" of cards, the double pins in this case after being pressed through the
inetallic tube being bent by the process known as "mangling”ids
In the manufacture of the wrought iron or brass segments herein before described
I prefer to use metal rolled to the width required, from which I cut the lengths or
plates needed to form the segments. I pass these through a machine similar to
those in use for similar purposes, where rotary emery wheels or cutters straighten
both edges at once, or a number of plates may be fastened together and the edges
straightened by a planing or shaping machine. To bend the plates to the required
curve to fit the cylinders upon which they are to be mounted I pass them through
rollers with curved surfaces, or I subject them to the pressure of curved blocks in a
press. In order to facilitate the drilling of the holes in the plates I cause conical
indentations to be made in them where the holes are required in the following
manner, and this process is more conveniently. performed while the plates are flat,
and before the bending. A series of steel centre punches is mounted in a suitable
holder, to which a reciprocating motion is imparted by an eccentric, cam, or lever,
and in such a way that at each stroke a number of impressions is produced on the
plate, corresponding to the number and position of the punches in the said holder.
After each stroke of the machine the position of the plate is moved so as to
bring another portion of its surface under the action of the said centre punches.
Fig. 12 is a half size underside plan view, and Fig. 13 a half size side view of the
holder and punches, which in this case are supposed to be fixed to the reciprocating.
slide of an ordinary punching machine, shewn elementarily in Figs. 14 and 15.
C is the holder; D is a plate, into which the centre punches E, E, are fixed; F is
a steel plate, against which the punches rest.; G..is the plate to be acted upon

page_text: resting on an anvil or block H. In Figs. 12, 13, 14, and 15 the same letters
represent the same parts. I is a carriage mounted on a slide J, and serving to
carry the plate G. By means of a screw K and handle L the plate G may be
moved forward the required distance after every stroke of the machine.
This arrangement is also applicable to punching groups of centre holes in "gills,"
"hackles," and similar articles.
For drilling of the holes in the segments I propose to use a multiple drilling
machine, in which a number of drilling spindles are mounted at fixed and equal
distances from each other on a suitable carriage. The segments or tubes are
mounted before or under the drills, and when these are withdrawn they are moved
forward automatically or by hand by means of a slide and dividing screw arrange-
ment, such as those in use for drilling "gills," "combs," and similar articles. The
segments having been drilled and the holes filled with the double pins I press them
down a considerable number at a time upon metal blocks so as to prevent dis-
tortion of the segment, and I use for the purpose a powerful hydraulic or other
press.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner of carrying
the same into practical effect, I wish to state that what I consider to be novel and
original and therefore claim as secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
1. The improved coverings for carding and rag machines, cotton waste openers,
and analogous machines, substantially as herein before described and shewn in
Figs. 1 to 11 in the accompanying Drawings.
2. The arrangement of centre punches, substantially as described and shewn in
Figs. 12 to 15 in the accompanying Drawings, for producing the groups of
indentations for facilitating the drilling of card segments, gills, and similar
articles.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Walter Harding, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.