IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING WOOLLEN WASTE, WHETHER IN THE FORM OF STUFTS, RAGS, Spun Waste, Tissues, OB CLOTHS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 20, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING WOOLLEN
WASTE, WHETHER IN THE FORM OF STUFTS, RAGS, Spun Waste, Tissues,
OB CLOTHS.”—A Communication from abroad by Theophile Grison, of
St. Denis de Lisieux, Calvados, France, Manufacturer.
Sealed the 6th February 1872, and dated the 28th August 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th August 1871.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING
WOOLLEN WASTE, WHETHER IN THE FORM OF STUFFS, RAGS, SPUN WASTE,
TISSUES, OR CLOTHS,” to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object an improved process of dyeing,
whereby a novel result is obtained with woollen waste, whether in the

page_text: "
form of stuffs, rags, spun waste, and notably with cloth manufactured
from variously coloured woollen waste, with or without admixture of
vegetable fibre.
Heretofore three different methods have been employed for dyeing
cloths manufactured of woollen waste. One method consists in applying t
the ordinary dyeing process for producing dark uniform colours; a second
consists in treating the cloth with an energetic mordant and then with
dyes also for obtaining dark uniform colours; the third consists in
dyeing the cloth in light colours either by the cold or the hot method
by processes previously invented by my foreign correspondent. But 1
'neither of these methods are satisfactory inasmuch as whichever of
them is employed a darker tint than that of the primitive colour of the
material is always obtained. Now by the use of the present improved
process colours may be obtained which are either lighter than the
primitive colour of the material, or of the same tint or of a darker tint 1
than that of the material, and in either case the colours obtained are
different from the primitive colour.
The fabrics may also be treated so as to preserve their multi-coloured
appearance as though wool of the same colour, but of different shades,
had been intentionally mixed.
Finally, tints may be obtained by the improved process on grey cloth
which could hitherto only be obtained on white cloth, thereby affording
a great economy to the manufacturer principally as regards cloths
intended for prints, in addition to which the improved process renders
the wool very supple.
2
2
The before-described results are obtained either by the suroxydation
or by the reduction of the colouring matters, and the mordants
contained in the woollen waste employed in the manufacture of the
fabric, so as to entirely change the primitive colours in revivifying
them, such colours being thereby modified and regenerated into brilliant 8
and solid tints.
The process is carried out in one or more baths. To the oxydizing or
reducing substances are added the colours and mordants required for
producing the desired tints, using for this purpose those colours usually
employed for dyeing and printing. The acids principally used are 8
Bulphuric, hydrochloric, nitric, oxalic, and tartaric acids, either alone or
mixed, and the salts employed are the salts of copper, iron, chromium,

page_text: tin, manganese, zinc, lead, saccharine substances, and the chlorates of
potash and of soda.
The method of operating is as follows:-The fabrics having been
perfectly freed from grease, a bath is prepared of hydrochloric acid or
of any other of the acids mentioned from 2.2 to 13. lbs. of acid per pieco
of cloth being allowed according to the tints desired, and from 0.2 lbs.
to 45 lbs. of ferric sulphate, or of one of the other salts above
mentioned, according as the tint is required to be light or dark. The
fabric is steeped in this bath, which is heated so as to boil during about
45 minutes, and afterward the fabric is washed. If the tint desired
requires that colouring matter should be added, this is done at the
commencement of operations.
ha ataoned a somond time after the
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th February 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Ohancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Denton Abel, Her special
licenco that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Denton
Abel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING WOOLLEN WASTE, WHETHER IN THE
FORM OF STUFFS, RAGS, SPUN WASTE, TISSUES, OR CLOTH," a communication

page_text: to me from abroad by Theophile Grison, of St. Denis de Lisieux,
Calvados, France, Manufacturer, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to bo
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
to me from abroad by Theophue Grison, of St. Denis de Lisieux,
Calvados, France, Manufacturer, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to bo
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that the said Charles Denton Abel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object an improved process of dyeing,
whereby a novel result is obtained with woollen waste, whether in the
form of stuffs, rags, spun waste, and notably with cloth manufactured
from variously coloured woollen waste, with or without admixture of
vegetable fibre. The dyes thus produced may be called regenerative
dyes, as explanatory of their effect on the stuffs subjected to the
process.
Heretofore three different methods have been employed for dyeing
cloths manufactured of woollen waste. One method consists in applying
the ordinary dyeing process for producing dark uniform colours; a
second consists in treating the cloth with an energetic mordant, and
then with dyes also for obtaining dark uniform colours; the third
consists in dyeing the cloth in light colours either by the cold or the
hot method by processes previously invented by my foreign corres-
pondent. But neither of these methods are satisfactory, inasmuch as
whichever of them is employed a darker tint than that of the primitive
colour of the material is always obtained. Now by the use of the
present improved process colours may be obtained which are either
lighter than the primitive colour of the material, or of the same
tint or of a darker tint than that of the material, and in either
case the colours obtained are different from the primitive colour,
and are bright and clear, instead of presenting the dull faded
appearance usually observed in such stuffs.
3

page_text: !
The fabrics may also be treated so as to preserve their multi-coloured
appearance, as though wool of the same colour but of different shades.
had been intentionally mixed.
Finally, tints may be obtained by the improved process on grey cloth..
which could hitherto only be obtained on white cloth, thereby affording:
a great economy to the manufacturer, principally as regards, cloths
intended for prints, in addition to which the improved process renders
the wool very supple.
The before-described results are obtained either by the superoxidation
or by the reduction of the colouring matters, and the mordants contained
in the woollen waste employed in the manufacture of the fabric so as to
entirely change the primitive colours in revivifying them, such colours
being thereby modified and regenerated into brilliant and solid tints.
The process is carried out in one or more baths. To the oxidizing or
reducing substances are added the colours and mordants required for
producing the desired tints, using for this purpose those colours usually
employed for dyeing and printing. The acids principally used are
sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitric, oxalio, and tartaric acids, either alone or
mixed, and the salts employed are the salts of copper, iron, chromium,
tin, manganese, zinc, lead, saccharino substances, and the chlorates- of
potash and of soda.
The mordants for black dyes may consist of salts of iron, copper, or
chromium. For different shades of colour, soluble salts of aluminium,
tin, lead, iron, copper, zinc, or chromium may be used. For grey tints,
mordants composed of these substances should have acid reaction. For
the dye bath there may be used for black extracts of logwood, fustic, or
shurmach, and for other colours these ingredients and linia wood,
orchil, catechu, cochineal, and other known substances, the mordant
and dye stuff being suited to the colour required, as is well understood.
The method of operating is as follows:-The fabrics having been
perfectly freed from grease, a bath is prepared of hydrochloric acid, or
of any other of the acids mentioned, from 2.2 to 18 lbs. of acid per piece
of cloth being allowed according to the tints desired, and from 0-2 lbs. to
4.5 lbs. of ferric sulphate, or of one of the other salts above-mentioned,
according as the tint is required to be light or dark. The fabric is
steeped in this bath, which is heated so as to boil during about
45 minutes, and afterwards the fabric. is washed. If the tint desired

page_text: requires that colouring matter should be added, this is done at the
commencement of operations, or, if preferred, after the first-operation
the dyeing may be completed in a second bath.
If it is preferred the fabric may be steeped a second time after the
first operation is completed.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what
manner it is to be performed, as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, I claim, the transformation or regeneration by the process
herein described of the colours of wool waste either before or after its
being worked into fabrics, the said process being applicable to multi-
coloured stuffs, either for retaining their variety of colour or for giving
them a uniform colour, and also to grey stuffs for obtaining the bright
tints which are usually produced only on white stuffs.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of February, in the ]
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
OHA. D. ABEL. (L.s.) ..
year