matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS SUITABLE FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Heinrich Hirzel, Doctor of Philosophy, and Lecturer
on Chemistry and Pharmacy at the University of Leipzig, now residing
at the Terminus Hotel, London Bridge, in the Borough of Southwark
and County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS SUITABLE FOR DYEING AND PRINTING."
Sealed the 26th April 1864, and dated the 18th November 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Heinrich Hirzel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th November 1863.
I, HEINRICH HIRZEL, Doctor of Philosophy, and Lecturer on Chemistry
and Pharmacy at the University of Leipzig, now residing at the Terminus
Hotel, London Bridge, in the Borough of Southwark and County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS SUITABLE FOR DYEING AND PRINTING," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
coloring matters suitable for dyeing and printing. For this purpose crystals
of roseine or red aniline dye are dissolved in aldehyde, and then in succession
nitric, sulphuric, and muriatic acids are added. Afterwards sulphide of
ammonium is also added, the mixture being stirred whilst this is done. The

page_text: compound is then heated until the blue color which it has at first is changed
into a grass green, and it is then poured into four or five times its bulk of
boiling water. The whole is boiled for some time, and afterwards, when cold,
filtered. In place of roseine or aniline red dye, other aniline colors may be
employed, but not advantageously, as they are more expensive than the red
dye. Dyes made from the homologues of aniline may also be employed in
place of aniline red dye, but also not advantageously on the ground of
expense. In place of sulphide of ammonium other alkaline sulphides may
be employed. An analogue of aldehyde may also be substituted for aldehyde.
Or in place of employing an alkaline sulphide and aldehyde, or an analogue
thereof, the products resulting from their mutual action may be employed,
as, for example, the sulphide of methyl or other sulphide of an alcohol
radical.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEAMING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Howarth and John Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
19th June 1863.
We, EDMUND HOWARTH, of Tonge, near Middleton, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and JOHN BROWN, of the same Place, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEAMING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows:-
66
The Invention relates to the steaming and damping of cotton (or other
fibrous substances) when being prepared to be spun, and is to be so treated
after it passes from the ordinary lattice or delivery traveller of the machines
employed to open the cotton. The improvements consist in the employment
and use of an extra travelling lattice or creeper to be applied at the
delivery end or termination of the usual creeper, and to receive the fibrous
material as it falls therefrom; above this extra "creeper" a steam pipe is
arranged perforated so as to emit jets of steam in a diagonal direction from
each side down upon the fibrous material, the amount of steam being regulated
by a tap according to the dampness required. The condensed water from the
steam falls to the lowest interior surface of the steam pipe, and passes away,
no extra pipe or channel being required for such purpose, and the entire
apparatus is surmounted by a cover of wood or suitable material to carry off
the steam, and which is provided with doors to allow of the free passage of
the fibrous material beneath it. The whole apparatus may be so arranged
as to be detachable and capable of removal.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE OF SUPPLYING AIR FOR MIXTURE WITH GASES AND OTHER AERIFORM FLUIDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Gailey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1863.
1, JOSEPH GAILEY, of Princes Street, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE OF SUPPLYING AIR FOR MIXTURE WITH
GASES AND OTHER AERIFORM FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus consists of two chambers or receivers similar to gas
holders, that is to say, they are chambers inverted and open at bottom, and
dipping into outer casings containing, water or other fluid, which inverted
chambers have alternate up and down reciprocating motion imparted to them,
the interior of such chambers have air inlet and outlet communications, the
inlet being controlled by suitable valves to permit the ingress, but to prevent
the egress of the air, while the outlet passages are similarly furnished with
valves to permit the egress of air but to prevent the ingress; these outlet passages
communicate with a reservoir to contain the supply of air furnished, from
whence it may be drawn for the purposes required, a safety or pressure valve
may be applied to this reservoir to regulate or limit the pressure of air therein;
I communicate motion to the reciprocating chambers by means of a spring
train, or it may be a weight, a slight pressure and a small quantity of air only
being required for the purposes to which I apply the apparatus of my Inven-
vention. In connection with the train of wheels, I use what is known as the
mangle motion, which, although the train always moves continuously in one
direction a reciprocating rotary motion is communicated to a wheel by reason

page_text: of the pinion communicating the motion from the train gearing with a segment
of teeth alternately on the inside and then on the outside of the periphery of
such segment, as well understood. To the wheel so actuated I attach a rope
or chain, from the ends of which the inverted chambers are suspended, and by
which the reciprocating rotary motion of the mangle wheel imparts a slow up
and down motion to the inverted chambers and so forcing a supply of air. I
employ this apparatus to supply air for mixture with gaseous or other aeriform
fluids which require the combination of air to render them combustible, which
fluids are usually but slightly above the atmospheric pressure. The supply
and combination of air and gaseous fluids may be readily regulated by suitable
supply chambers, pipes, and stop taps, or other regulating or measuring apparatus.
Instead of transmitting the motion of the mangle wheel by cords or chains, the
motion thereof may act as or be communicated to a beam or lever, from the
opposite ends of which the inverted forcing chambers may be suspended by
suitable rods.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cliff at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1863.
I, JOHN CLIFF, of the Imperial Potteries, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming lamps (of any material) in such manner
that they shall be capable of consuming the hydrocarbon absorbed by the
wick, or passing up by capillary attraction, so as to prevent the evolution of
smoke.
The Invention is chiefly applicable as a substitute for night lights, where
only a small flame is required. The wick holders are made of metal, por-
celain, earthenware, or other suitable substance, and the tubes or perforations
therein are made of such dimensions as to be much larger than the wick,
which may be a mere thread of cotton or other suitable material. The wick
holder is inserted into the top of the oil receptacle, and rests therein in any
ordinary manner. A slit is made on one side of the head and outer surface
of the holder to admit of the passage of air downwards into the oil receptacle,
or the holder may be corrugated, or have mere perforations therein, or other
means of admission for the air as the level of the oil falls. By this or
analagous arrangement no glass or chimney is required. The oil receptacle
may be made of metal, glass, porcelain, or earthenware.

page_text: Another method is to employ a wick holder the same size as the wick, and
to form an aperture in the enlarged surface thereof, resting on the oil recep-
tacle for the entrance of air; the wick holder extends a short distance above
the enlarged surface, and no air flows up the wick holder. A number of these
small lights may be combined in one lamp, so as to afford a light sufficient for
reading or other ordinary use..
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINE OR HOOPED SKIRTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th December 1863.-A communication from abroad by Edme Ferdinand
Evras, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINE OR HOOPED SKIRTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in imparting to the hoops of which the skirt is
formed a greater degree of elasticity and flexibility at certain points, in order
to allow of the dress setting flat in front upon the wearer sitting down, entering
a carriage, and the like. I carry this Invention into effect, either by letting
into the hoop at intervals strips of material of greater flexibility than that of
which the body of the hoop is constructed, or I let in a coiled or helical spring
at intervals; or, where steel is the material of which the hoop is formed, I
roll, hammer, or stamp it thinner at intervals than the remaining part of the
hoop, or I remove portions at intervals from the breadth of the steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond François Rattier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
September 1868.
I, EDMOND FRANÇOIS RATTIER, of 82, Boulevard Sebastopol, Paris, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINES," to be as follows:-
By means of the improvements of which I am the inventor, the skirt or
crinoline may be altered in a few minutes, without unstitching or cutting, to
any shape fashion may require, the wearer can also raise it on the sides
or on any point desired. To alter the shape or sides, crossings and slidings
are made at the back, on the sides, and in the front, while for raising the
skirt at the bottom a double row of eyelet holes are made from the top
to the bottom on each side or elsewhere if desired, and having a piece of
tape passing through them, the two ends of which are fastened at the bottom
of the skirt.
Instead of the crossings and slidings above mentioned rolling folds can be
used for the purpose of altering the size or shape. The place and number
of the crossings may be altered as well as the eylets according to fancy or
necessity.
My improvements are equally applicable to open cage and plain metal
skirts.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SMOKING PIPES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Wardle and Joseph Brindley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 23rd October 1863.
We, ALFRED WARDLE, of Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex, and
JOSEPH BRINDLEY, of Hastings Street, Burton Crescent, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SMOKING PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to pipes made of plastic materials,
or materials capable of being moulded into the desired shape, and consists in
so forming the bowls of pipes as to enable such articles to be easily placed
and supported upright as regards the bowls thereof. The shape heretofore
commonly given to the bowls of smoking pipes has been such that the bowl
must necessarily be laid on its side, the effect of which when a pipe is in use
is to displace some of the ash of the tobacco, and with meerschaum pipes to
scratch and otherwise prejudicially affect same. We propose to obviate these
objections by the following means:-At the front part of the bowl, and near
the bottom thereof, we form an ornament, the outer extremities of which
serve as feet for supporting the bowl of the pipe in a vertical position when
placed on a table.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPE WRENCHES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cleminson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1863.
I, WILLIAM CLEMINSON, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Gas Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPE WRENCHES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the upper jaw of pipe wrenches in one
piece, or fixed to the handle, which is screwed and furnished with a nut to
regulate the distance between the upper and lower jaws; the nut is made
with an annular recess, into which a projection from the boss of the lower
jaw enters, so that as the nut is screwed up or down the lower jaw is taken
with it. The lower jaw is also made with a sliding wedge, which binds
against the pipe on turning the wrench round for screwing up, but which
releases the pipe when the wrench is turned back.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT AND CAST IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR MANUFACTURE
OF WROUGHT AND CAST IRON AND STEEL."-A communication from abroad
by Marc Antoine Augustin Gaudin, of 45, Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in
the Empire of France.
Sealed the 26th April 1864, and dated the 14th November 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th November 1863.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR MANUFACTURE
OF WROUGHT AND CAST IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel mode of treating iron for the purpose of
diminishing at will the amount of carbon combined with the iron, and also
eliminating the sulphur therefrom and introducing borax, phosphorus, and
certain metals which have an affinity for iron, such as chromium, titanium,
and tangoten,

page_text: In carrying out the Invention the iron or iron ore reduced to a divided
state and combined with the requisite chemical agents, also in a state of
division, is supplied to the lower part of the furnace through tuyeres, openings,
or orifices. The coke must be placed in thin layers, so as not to prevent the
fused iron from passing down to the tapping hole. The divided iron and
chemical agents are placed in a hopper above in which is adapted a ball valve
for regulating the supply. From the hopper a tube descends to the tuyeres
in the holes or openings below in the cupola. An opening is made in the
descending tube for the purpose of admitting a rod whereby the mixed materials
may be stirred. This hole also serves to allow the attendants to look into the
cupola. The vertical descending tube may if desired be made telescopic, so as
to admit of it adapting itself to the tuyere should the latter be raised or
lowered. It will be understood that the mixed ingredients will enter the
cupola with the blast through the tuyeres, and if thought desirable a blast of
steam may also be supplied. The metal produced by this process is of a
peculiar character and possesses some of the characteristics of steel as well as
iron, and therefore may be-used for many of the purposes for which steel is
usually employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING AND CURING BLIGHT, DECAY,. DISEASE, AND ROT IN POTATOES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1863.
I, HENRY TURNER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Leather Strap
Manufacturer,' do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING AND CURING BLIGHT, DECAY,.
DISEASE, AND ROT IN POTATOES," to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus for preventing and curing blight, decay, disease,.
and rot in potatoes, consists in covers made of light framings of wood or
metal, with calico or other suitable material stretched over them, and in pro-
ducing a current of air under the said covers, which are made semicircular,.
or of such a shape that when the plants are covered the atmosphere is excluded
at the sides, as well as from above. When the potato plants are covered in.
this manner it is desirable to cause a current of air lengthwise under the
cover, and this is produced by closing one end of the cover and inserting a.
pipe or flue at the closed end, which pipe or flue is in communication. with a
heated flue or chimney, thereby rarefying the air, which produces the desired
current under the cover, or the current of air may be produced in any other
These covers may be used at any time when the plants are liable
to be injured by atmospheric influences.
The accompanying Drawing represents a convenient mode of constructing.
the covers and of producing a current of air under them.

page_text: a, a, are the framings made of wood or metal, and 6 represents the framings
when covered with calico or other suitable material; c is the closed end of
the cover, in which is inserted the pipe or flue d, which is in communication
with the chimney e; in this chimey is placed the naphtha or other lamp f, or
other heating apparatus, which heats the air in the chimney, thereby rarefying
it and producing the requisite current of air under the cover. The end of the
cover at which the air enters is partly closed as shewn at 9, to regulate the
current through the cover.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Clifton at the Office of
Petition, on the 7th
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
December 1863.
I, EDWARD CLIFTON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Ironmonger,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND COMBING WOOL AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of pressing the wool or other fibrous sub-
stances into the teeth of the carrying or other comb of such machinery to
which the fibre is fed; and heretofore it has been effected by a "dabbing
brush," or brush to which an alternate rising and falling motion is imparted
as the fibre is fed thereto. The constant action of the brush striking into the
teeth of the carrying comb is attended with considerable expense and wear
and tear in brushes, and danger to the comb, should any foreign hard sub-
stance get into the brush, to remedy which is the object of my Invention, and
for which purpose I employ,-
Firstly, a blast of hot or cold air applied directly over the points of the
teeth at the place where the fibre is fed thereto, which forces the same into
the teeth. The air may be heated by any of the well-known means of pro-
ducing hot air, and forced through a pipe or pipes by fan or pump, by any
convenient motive power; or,-
Secondly, I employ a grooved roller, or series of flanges or circular or other
formed plates, which may be plain or serrated, or having teeth therein mounted
on a spindle, and so formed and applied as to enter and rotate betwixt the

page_text: rows of teeth on the carrying or other comb near the place where the fibre is
fed, which, on motion being given thereto, presses the fibre into the teeth
thereof.
Thirdly, I employ a roller covered with india-rubber, felt, or other flexible
substance, to rotate on the surface or points of the comb teeth, so as to press
or force the fibre down into the said teeth.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CARD CASES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Samuel Macdonald at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1863.
I, GEORGE SAMUEL MACDONALD, of Meard's Street, Soho, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CARD CASES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of card
cases, the object of which is that cards can be withdrawn therefrom without
the necessity of opening the case.
I propose to form the case with a sliding lid or side, which is to be drawn
back to enable the cards to be placed in the interior, and in order to withdraw
them I propose to apply a catch to the end of a pin sliding in a slot cut in
a brass or other metal plate rivetted to the exterior of the sliding lid; the outer
end of the piu has a button head or stud which projects beyond the plate so as
to enable it to be moved backwards and forwards; the catch is connected with
the pin, and when the pin is pushed forwards a card is partly thrust out of the
case between the moveable lid and the body of the case.
A spring is inserted underneath the grooved plate so as to return the pin
to its position in the slot ready for the pressing forward of another card.
The interior and bottom of the case is provided with two flat springs which act
upon a false or moveable bottom on which the cards rest, and are thereby kept
up to the surface of the moveable slide so that the fore end of the top card
shall always be opposite the opening of the case, and the opposite end of the
card at the same time abut against the catch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT-AIR STOVES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Judge Hays at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1863.
I, JOSEPH JUDGE HAYS, of Hitchin, in the County of Hertford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT-AIR
STOVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in hot-air stoves, for which
I obtained Letters Patent dated Feb. 4th, 1863, No. 315.
The stoves are suitable for burning peat charcoal, and consist of an inner
grate and ash pan surrounded by an air chamber, which is entirely insulated
or separated from the inner or fire compartment, so that none of the products
of combustion can pass or enter therein. The inner chamber containing the
grate is supplied with atmospheric air through a regulating valve in the ash
pan or other convenient place at or near the bottom of the stove, and the
gases escaping from the fuel are conducted away by a pipe answering the
purpose of a chimney, so that no noxious vapours can escape into the apart-
ment. A fuel chamber cover is placed at the top of the stove; it is made in
an ornamental shape and in two or more horizontal divisions or pieces in order
to be taken off at pleasure. To feed the stove this cover has a square nut
upon it which turns a disc plate in order to admit fuel without taking off the
This disc plate has in it three openings corresponding with similar
openings in an under plate forming a roof to the stove; or, instead of the
disc just described, a series of trap doors or flaps on hinges may be applied
and worked round in a similar way to the disc by turning the cover.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Hughes Rothwell and
Edmund James Rothwell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd March 1863.
We, JOHN WILLIAM HUGHES ROTHWELL and EDMUND JAMES ROTHWELL, of
Ramsbottom, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING THE FEED
WATER OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in placing in the flue or flues, and as close to the
bridge of the furnace as practicable, a coil or zig-zag arrangement of pipes
through which the feed water is forced by means of any suitable mechanism.
The water is conveyed to the coil or zig-zag arrangement of pipes by a pipe
passing either through the ash-pit or from the other end of the boiler to that
containing the furnace, and the outlet pipe for conveying the water into the
boiler from the said coil or zig-zag arrangement of pipes is passed either
through the ash-pit or along the flue in the opposite direction to any con-
venient part of the boiler. We also pass the water from the coil or zig-zag
through a pipe in the side of the flue direct into the boiler.
The object of the coiled or zig-zag arrangement of pipes is to heat the
feed water by the action of the heat from the furnace and thereby economise
fuel.
IMPROVEMENT MACHINERY FOR CUTTING RAILWAY SLEEPERS TO RECEIVE RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1863.
I, JOHN WRIGHT, of the Esplanade, Rochester, in the Cour y of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENT MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING RAILWAY SLEEPERS TO RECEIVE RAILWAY CHAIRS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cutting
railway sleepers to receive railway chairs. For these purposes in order to cut
recesses in a wood sleeper suitable to receive railway chairs, one near each of
the two ends of a sleeper, a combination of apparatus is employed by which
the two ends of a sleeper are simultaneously acted on by sets of cutters in the
following manner :-The sleeper is fixed on a suitable bed or plate, which is
arranged to slide or move on suitable rails or guides. Two pairs of circular
saws are employed, one pair near each end of a sleeper, by which two pairs
of parallel saw cuts are simultaneously made in the sleeper. The wood
between these saw cuts is next removed by two rotating adzes or cutters, one
acting near each end of the sleeper. The recesses which are to receive the
railway chairs are then completed by centre bits or rotating cutters acting
simultaneously near the two ends of the sleeper; or, if the railway chair be
suitably shaped, the whole of the recesses in the sleeper might be cut by
means of revolving circular cutters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Getty at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st October
1863.
I, JOHN GETTY, of Temple Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BUILDING SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in building ships and
vessels. In constructing ships and vessels with iron ribs or framing, and
planking the same with wood, it is found that oak and other timber acts
injuriously on the iron, and the present Invention consists in the introduction
of sheet lead between the iron ribs or framing and the wood planking, and it
is desirable in so doing to have the sheet lead wider than the ribs and framings,
and to turn up the edges of the lead against or over the sides of the angle
iron ribs or framing.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NUMBERING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th August 1863.-A communication from Wilhelm Hof, and
Thomas Ward, residing at La Chapelle, St. Denis (Dep. do la Seine)
in France.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the Firm of Mennons and
Telescheff, Home and Foreign Patent Agents, of Abingdon Chambers, in
the City of Westminster, and 24, Rue de Dunkerque, Paris, in the Empire
of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NUMBERING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements introduced into the construction of
numbering machines with a view to simplify the working parts thereof, while
adding to the certainty and perfection of the inking and printing operations.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in side elevation a
numbering apparatus comprising these improvements; Figure 2 is a front
view of the same.
a is a support in wood or other material, on which is mounted the foun-
dation plate b. To the front of this plate is articulated by screw pivots c, c, the
moveable frame d, d, between the branches of which is mounted the numbering
disc e, e, (suppressed in Fig. 2); this disc, constructed on the ordinary
principle, receives its rotatory movement from the catch f acting on the ratchet
wheel 9, 9, and adjusted at will by the thumb-screw h; i, i, i, i, represent a
metallic bridge or apron fixed between the branches of the frame d, d, and
covering the upper part of the numbering disc e, jis the nut of the bolt

page_text: by which the foundation plate 6 is secured in position; k is a curved metallic
rod, the hind extremity of which is fixed by the screw to the centre of the
cross bar m, m, Fig. 2, mounted freely between the screw pivots or axles n, n ;
o is the inking roller set between the branches of the fork p, p, which termi-
nates the curved rod k; q is a small disc revolving freely on the axle of the
roller o, and serving to disengage the latter from the type faces after each
inking; r is the adjusting screw of the rod k; s, &, are the hind standards
between which oscillates the cross bar m, m. These standards are secured by
screws to the foundation plate b. At each down stroke of the frame d, d, of
the apparatus arranged as above, the series of figures to be printed off comes
in contact with the roller by which its surface is inked over. In the continued
descent of the frame, the prolongation of the apron i, on reaching the level of
the roller glides under the disc q, which carries the roller clear of the types,
and of the notch i, . This notch being passed, the roller runs along the plain
Eurface of the apron until brought by the succeeding stroke in contact with
the types to be inked. The form, dimensions, and material of the apparatus
may be varied according to circumstances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL LAMPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Auguste Pouget at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1863.
I, LOUIS AUGUSTE POUGET, of No. 39, Rue St. Sébastien, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL LAMPS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention, while applicable to other lamps, is more especially intended
to apply to lamps burning mineral oils; it is based upon the application of
the anti-caloric principle thereto, and my improvements are specially directed
to providing against the communication of heat to the receiver, thereby avoiding
all risk of explosion, and to obtaining, by the reflection of the agents I use, a
whiter light than hitherto.
I will now proceed to describe my improvements, reference being had to the
Sheet of Drawing hereunto annexed, and forming part of this my Provisional
Specification.
Figure 1 representing a cap made of porcelain or opal glass, in order to
obtain at the same time reflection of the light by the whiteness of the agents
employed; this cap may be applied to flat or round burners. Figure 2, a
porcelain ring suited to the shape of the burner, at top of which I place it to
isolate the heat from the copper tubes, which are great conductors. These
rings are equally applicable to flat burners, and the copper tubes may be
replaced by iron ones if desired. Figure 3, a joint or adjusting piece (made of

page_text: porcelain) attached to the reservoir, to which it fixes the burner and preserves
the liquid from heating, thus permitting this lamp to be used without danger.
Figure 4, chimney with reaction of air, by the use of which the metal cap of
the ordinary schist lamps with round burners is suppressed, leaving the light
perfectly exposed. This chimney may be applied to round burners and to
lamps generally, and when used the slide need no longer be made moveable.
Figure 5, a disk of porcelain, mica, or other anti-caloric agent or material;
and Figure 6, a support hooking on to the glass, and having three branches
isolating the shade from the glass. Figure 7, elevation of one of my improved
lamps.
In conclusion I would observe that my porcelain cap with oval cuts may be
applied with advantage to lamps burning vegetable oils, and that the parts
berein described and shewn in the Drawing may be used separately or in
combination.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January
1863.
I, HARRY JONES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates, first, to those descriptions of steam engines wherein
the waste steam is not condensed, (for instance, as in locomotive or traction
engines, where it is used to increase the draught of the furnace) and is designed
to regulate the amount of such draught.
This first part of the Invention consists in regulating the current of air
caused by the waste steam by lengthening or shortening the "blast pipe" through
which the steam passes, for which purpose the upper part of the pipe is made
to slide on the lower, and arranged with rack and pinion or otherwise, so as to
be raised or lowered by the engine driver as required, the draught being
decreased as the aperture of the "blast pipe" approaches the top of the funnel
or smoke outlet, and increased as it is lowered therefrom.
A second part of the Invention consists in connecting the axle-boxes of traction
engines together by a bar embracing or connecting all the axle-boxes on one
side of the engine together, and those on the opposite side by a second bar, so
as to distribute or equalize the strain thereupon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPRESSING LIQUID AND MOISTURE FROM SUBSTANCES, AND IN SEPARATING THE LIQUID FROM THE SOLID PORTIONS THEREOF, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE FILTRATION OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Needham and James Kite
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 28th May 1863.
We, WILLIAM NEEDHAM and JAMES KITE, of the Patent Filter Press
Works, Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPRESSING LIQUID
AND MOISTURE FROM SUBSTANCES, AND IN SEPARATING THE LIQUID FROM THE SOLID
PORTIONS THEREOF, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE FILTRATION OF LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in the introduction of steam, whether ordinary or
superheated steam, into the filter chamber or bag, or cloth in which the
material to be acted on is placed or forced, for the purpose of pressing or
assisting in pressing the liquid portions through the filter bags or cloths, and
thus separating them from the solid portions. The same applies also to
filtering liquids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS, CULTIVATORS, AND PLOUGHS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th December
1863.
I, JOHN GREEN, of Newtown Farm, in the Parish of St. Martin, in the
County of Worcester, Agriculturist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS, CULTIVATORS,
AND PLOUGHS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in constructing harrows with the teeth or tines
attached to the frame in an oblique or slanting position, at angles varying from
10 to 60 degrees from the plane of the frame, so that when at work they slide
along the ground instead of acting on it with the points only, like the teeth or
tines now in use. The effect of this arrangement is that the teeth or tines
cut through the clods of earth, instead of merely moving them, to facilitate
which the teeth are formed of a knife-like shape. I employ also thin edged
disc wheels or round plates of iron mounted and rotating on a bar or bars,
and thereby attached to the frame conjointly with the teeth or tines.
Secondly, in applying my Invention to cultivators I arrange a number of
the before described teeth or tines and disc wheels behind or at the back of
the frame of the implement, for the purpose of breaking the clods of earth
after they have been brought to the surface by the cultivator.

page_text: Thirdly, in the construction of ploughs I fix a blade or knife of a suitable
length in or a short distance from the centre of the share in a vertical position,
and one or more similarly shaped knives to the mouldboard or turnfurrow, for
the purpose of cutting or dividing the furrow slice, thereby rendering it more
friable. Thin edged disc wheels or circular knives placed and revolving in
apertures formed in the mouldboard have the same effect,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COMBS FOR THE HUMAN HAIR
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Douglas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1863.
I, THOMAS DOUGLAS, of South Audley Street, Grosvenor Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COMBS FOR THE HUMAN HAIR," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
combs for the human hair. For these purposes, in constructing a comb
with a view that it may when used apply fluid to the hair with more advan-
tage than combs heretofore constructed have done, the back of the comb is
grooved out into a longitudinal channel till the bottom of the groove comes
to the inner ends of the spaces between the teeth of the comb, and so that
there is produced a small passage between the interior of the channel and the
space between each two neighbouring teeth. The head of the comb is fixed
in a back, in which there is a longitudinal chamber to contain a supply of the
fluid. This chamber, when full, is capable of being closed air-tight by a
suitable screw cap, or plug, or otherwise. This chamber, at a point near the
handle, has a small hole through the upper part covered with a valve, and so
long as such valve is closed no air can flow into the chamber containing the
supply of fluid, consequently none of the fluid will flow out at another small
hole made at the under surface of the chamber near its other end. When the
valve is opened by a finger of the user, whilst the chamber and comb is in-
clined downwards, a small quantity of the fluid will pass from the supply

page_text: chamber into the channel in the back of the comb; but the same will not, by
reason of the smallness and flatness of the openings between the spaces of
the teeth, pass through such openings till by passing the teeth of the comb
amongst the hair the fluid is progressively removed from the upper or inner
ends of the spaces between the teeth of the comb.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR WORKING DRILLS AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tod and Robert Paterson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
26th March 1863.
We, WILLIAM TOD and ROBERT PATERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR WORKING DRILLS AND
OTHER INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to portable apparatus to be actuated by water or
other fluid transmitted by tubing, and to work drills or other instruments which
it may be desirable to move about from point to point in the most convenient
manner possible. Such apparatus may be made of various sizes and powers
accordingly as it may be intended for use in large works, as in shipbuilding or
machine fitting, for example, or in more minute operations, as in sculpturing,
carving, or pattern cutting, for example.
In one modification of the improved apparatus a spindle to receive the drill
or other instrument is mounted centrally in a bottle-shaped vessel, formed
with two mouth-pieces for the reception of the tubing. Within the vessel, and
between the mouth-pieces, there is fixed on the spindle a turbine or wheel
with inclined vanes, and thero is fixed to the vessel a set of vanes inclined so
as to direct the fluid in the most effective manner upon the turbine vanes. If
water is employed it enters one mouth-piece under pressure due to a head or
to the action of pumps at any convenient distance, and acts on the turbine so
as to impart the rotation required for the drilling or other rotatory cutting

page_text: operation. The water having done its work, passes off by the second mouth-
piece, and may be returned by a second tube to the pumps, thereby avoiding
waste. If compressed air or steam is employed, it may be allowed to escape
into the atmosphere. Where it is necessary to moisten the point of the drill,
a jet of water from the inlet end of the vessel, may be arranged to play
on the point when the apparatus is worked by water. The apparatus may
either be held by the workman, and be directed by him to the point to be
operated upon, or provision may be made for clamping or otherwise fixing it
in position or for guiding it to or over its work.
The apparatus is obviously susceptible of a great variety of modifications.
Thus instead of the turbine various rotative contrivances may be employed to
cause the fluid to impart motion to the spindle. The parts may be arranged
as in some kinds of rotatory steam engines, or one or more small cylinders
with pistons may be employed to give motion by means of a crank or cranks.
In other modifications, and where the nature of the instrument may require
it, the rotation may be primarily imparted to a first motion spindle, which may
be geared in any convenient way with the spindle carrying the instrument.
Flat or cylindrical saws or other rotatory cutting instruments may be fixed on
the spindle of the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING AND TRANSPLANTING TURF, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE EXTRACTION OF WEEDS, AND TO THE PLANTING OF SEEDS, ROOTS SETS, OR PLANTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Belcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1863.
I, CHARLES BELCHER, of Little Coxwell, in the County of Berks, Farmer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CUTTING AND TRANSPLANTING TURF, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN,
WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE EXTRACTION OF WEEDS, AND TO THE
PLANTING OF SEEDS, ROOTS, SETS, OR PLANTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to what is generally known as the
inoculation of land by planting pieces of turf land in arable land with a view
to the making or improving of pasture fields and lawns, and consists in
punching or cutting out small portions of turf by the aid of a peculiar instru-
ment similar in principle to a gun-wadding punch. The pieces so cut out
are then collected and inserted or plugged into corresponding holes in the
land to be converted into pasture land. The same method is of course appli-
cable to the improvement of poor pastures by inserting or plugging in portions
of turf at intervals taken from a rich pasture. The instrument employed may
be adapted either for hand use or for horse or steam power. For hand use
the cutter, which is of a tubular shape of any desired sectional form, is fitted
to the bottom of a handle similar to a spade handle, and provided with a foot
rest to enable it to be thrust into the ground by the pressure of the foot, or
otherwise, as found most convenient in practise; or a number of these cutters
may be fitted to a rammer, or they may be fitted to the surface of a wheel or

page_text: roller drawn or pushed over the surface of the land by hand, or by horse or
other power.
When a roller form is used the pieces of turf are collected in
the interior of the roller and discharged at-intervals, or continuously, from one
or both ends of the roller, a door being provided, if desired, at the ends of
the roller to allow the pieces to escape when required. The hand instrument
used as a rammer may be advantageously employed for extracting weeds, such
as plantains, from lawns. Another use to which the implement or instrument
may be applied is the cutting of holes to receive potatoe sets or seeds and
compost or other substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON AND WOODEN SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Galley Hartley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1863.
I, JOHN GALLEY HARTLEY, of 11, Lawrence Pountney Lane, in the City of
London, Shipowner, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON AND WOODEN SHIPS AND OTHER
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in constructing ships and other vessels, whether of
wood or iron, with a skeleton or framework of iron rods or bars and of bossed
plates, straps, or binders slided on or fitted to them, and in fastening to the
said skeleton or framework an iron or wooden skin or planking. The rods or
bars may be round, square, tubular, or of any convenient form, but I consider
round preferable as avoiding the necessity, trouble, and expense of bevilling
which obtains in bending angle iron. The intention is to render punching the
skeleton or frames unnecessary, and by the term bossed, as used, is intended
plates, straps, or binders, having any convenient description of boss, or lug, or
clip, or attachment to the bars or framework not consisting of or requiring
holes punched or made through the body or general thickness of the frames.
And the said plates may be of various forms to suit or receive the floors,
stringers, beams, inner skin, outer skin, or planking, breast hooks, bulkheads,
bilges, and other (if any) parts of the vessel where fastening by bolts or
rivets might otherwise be required, and may be shifted to suit any vertical,
horizontal, or other curve or water line of the bows or stern. To prevent

page_text: oxidation the plates, straps, or binders, may be galvanized. By this con-
struction it is apprehended that more than the ordinary strength may be
obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PLASTERING, COLOURING, AND DECORATION OF WALLS AND CEILINGS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Purdie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June
1863.
I, THOMAS PURDIE, of 314, Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PLASTERING, COLOURING, AND DECORATION OF WALLS AND CEILINGS," to be as
follows:-
The ceiling or wall to be operated upon is coated while the mortar is wet
with the desired colour mixed in water, the surface is then rubbed with a stone
or other suitable substance until the colour becomes incorporated with the
ground. The surface is then polished with a piece of leather cloth with the
hand, or with any substance calculated to produce a gloss. The plastering
may be done with ordinary stucco, or with a stucco composed of lime and
marble powder. The surface may be painted on while it is still wet, the
result of this method being a true fresco on a polished ground.