Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Soaps and Saponaceous Compounds.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left. 11th July, 1892-Accepted, 20th Aug., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Soaps and
Saponaceous Compounds.
I, JAMES TEMPLEMAN, of Rosebank, Eldon Street, Greenock, Renfrewshire,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in adding oleic acid (commercially known as oleine)
to soap which preferably has been heated and while in a liquid, pasty, or ground
state, so as to combine with any free caustic or neutral alkali it may contain, and
in some cases, adding the acid in such quantity as to constitute one half, or other
desired proportion, of the combination to what is required for the above purpose, so
as to produce a highly concentrated saponaceous compound, which can be made
entirely anhydrous, when required, by expelling all the water from it by
evaporation.
In some cases, this saponaceous compound is supplied to the consumer, without
further treatment, who can readily and completely convert it into a finished soap,
when required; by simply adding to it caustic or neutral alkali. In other cases,
the saponaceous compound is converted into finished soap by the same means,
before it leaves the manufactory. In place of oleic acid, resin, preferably in a
ground or liquid state, may be used, or these two substances in combination.
While the oleic acid may be combined with any description of soap made by
ordinary methods, it is preferred to add it to soap which has been prepared under
what is known as the "cold process" or to soap which has been made by combining
in a finely ground state, anhydrous caustic or neutral alkali, or these two mixed
with oils, grease, or fatty matter and preferably heating this combination to such
high temperatures as exceed that of boiling water and are under the boiling points
of the oils, fats, or grease stock used in the manufacture. In some cases, such
minute quantities of water are added to the above combination as not to prevent
thorough saponification taking place, whatever be the temperature employed in the
treatment thereof. When it is desired to have the soap to contain a definite
percentage of water, this is effected, preferably by allowing the water in the
saponaceous compound to remain in it, or by adding a fixed quantity of water to the
anhydrous soap, both being made as above described. Ground soda crystals. may
be used in place of water, or of a portion of it. The soap after being thus treated
is put into moulds and heated, preferably under pressure and at a temperature equal
to, or exceeding, that of boiling water. In place of adding water to the anhydrous
soap, as herein described, it may be treated within moulds by steaming, it
under pressure.
In some cases, fuller's earth, china clay, resin, silicate of soda, or other. alkaline,
or mineral substance, all in a ground dry state, is mixed with the soap while in a
liquid, pasty, or ground condition and pressed after being put into moulds,
would preferably
preferably heated, into tablets or blocks. In other cases the soap
be supplied to the consumer in perforated blocks to admit of it being more readily
dissolved. In some cases such blocks would or may have these perforations filled
up with a different kind or colour of soap before being supplied to the consumer.
When melted paraffine wax is added to the soap, when it is required for laundry
use, the mixture is stirred until nearly cold.
Dased the 10th October 1801

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Soaps and.
Saponaceous Compounds.
I, JAMES TEMPLEMAN, of Rosebank, Eldon Street, Greenock, Renfrewshire,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
".
'According to this invention the improvements consist in adding oleic acid
(commercially known as oleine) to soap which preferably has been heated and
while in a liquid, pasty, or ground state, so as to combine with any free caustic, or
neutral, alkali it may contain and in some cases adding the acid in such quantity as
to constitute one half, or other desired proportion of the combination to what is
required for the above purpose, so as to produce a highly concentrated saponaceous
compound, which can be made entirely anhydrous, when required, by expelling all
the water from it by evaporation, which is preferably done by adding the soap to
the oleic acid after it has been heated and raised to a high temperature.
In some cases, this saponaceous compound is supplied to the consumer, without
further treatment, who can readily and completely convert it into finished soap,
when required, by simply adding to it caustic, or neutral, alkali.
In other cases, the saponaceous compound is converted into finished soap by the
Name 'means before it leaves the manufactory. In place of oleic acid, resin,
preferably in a ground, or liquid, state, may be used, or these two substances in
combination.
While the oleic acid may be combined with any description of soap made by
ordinary methods, it is preferred to add it to soap which has been prepared under
what is known as the "cold process," or to soap which has been made by combining,
in a finely ground state, anhydrous caustic, or neutral, alkali, or these two mixel
with oils, grease, or fatty matter and preferably heating this combination to suen
high temperatures as exceed that of boiling water and are under the boiling points
of the oils, fats, or grease stock used in the manufacture.
In some cases, such minute quantities of water are added to the above combi-
nation as not to prevent thorough saponification taking place whatever be the
temperature employed in the treatment thereof.
When it is desired to have the soap to contain a definite percentage of water,
this-is effected, preferably by allowing the water in the saponaceous compound to
remain in it, or by adding a fixed quantity of water to anhydrous soap, which
preferably has been reduced to powder, both being made as above described.
Ground soda crystals may be used in place of water, or of a portion of it.
The soap after being thus treated is put into moulds and heated, preferably
under-pressure and at a temperature equal to, or exceeding that, of boiling
water.
In place of adding water to the anhydrous soap, made as herein described,
preferably after it has been ground to powder, it may be treated within moulds by
steaming it under pressure, so as to take up a minute proportion of water.
In some cases, fuller's earth, china clay, resin, silicate of soda, or other alkaline,
or mineral, substance, all in a ground dry state, is mixed with the soap while in
a liquid, pasty, or ground, condition and after being put into moulds, preferably
heated, pressed into tablets, or blocks.. In other cases, the soap would preferably
be supplied to the consumer in perforated blocks to admit of it being more readily
dissolved.
In some cases, such blocks would, or may, have these perforations filled up
with a different kind or colour of soap before being supplied to the consumer.
When melted paraffine wax is added to the soap, when it is required for laundry
use, the mixture is stirred until nearly cold.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. Saponifying any free caustic, or neutral, alkali present in soap by adding to it
oleic acid, or resin, or these two in combination, substantially as described.
2. Combining soap with an equal or other large proportion of oleic acid, or resin,
or these two in combination, so as to form an anhydrous, or highly concentrated,
saponaceous compound which may be converted into soap, when required, by adding
alkali to it, substantially as described.
3. Making soap at temperatures under, or above, that of boiling water by
combining oil, grease, or fatty matter with ground caustic, or neutral, alkali, in
an anhydrous state, or mixed with a minute portion of water, substantially as
described.
4. Adding to anhydrous soap, definite quantities of water, or ground soda
crystals, and heating the same within moulds, substantially as described.
5. Steaming anhydrous soap within moulds under pressure, substantially as
described.
6. Combining fuller's earth, china clay, resin, silicate of soda, or other alkaline,
or mineral, substance all in a ground state with soap, in a liquid, pasty, or ground,
condition, and pressing the same within moulds preferably heated, into tablets and
blocks, substantially as described.
T.1 180D