Improved Machinery for Producing a Nap on Velveteens and Raising the Pile of and Finishing Velveteens and Cords.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 4th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 9th Mar., 1889
Improved Machinery for Producing a Nap on Velveteens and
Raising the Pile of and Finishing Velveteens and Cords.
I JAMES WORRALL of Ordsall, Salford in the County of Lancaster, Dyer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The objects of this invention are to produce a nap, to raise the pile upon, and to
brush woven fabrics on the cross, instead of lengthwise of the piece. To accomplish
this, I take the ordinary stretching machine, where the cloth is held on tenter pins or
clamps by both selvages, and apply my invention thereto so as to ensure the more
efficient action of the carding or brushing surfaces. Brushing across the piece on
the stretching machine has been done by means of brushes mounted on travelling
endless belts, the cloth passing over a flat surface or bed, with its face upwards. In
such arrangement of mechanism, it is difficult to ensure the brushes acting evenly
across the piece, and little speed can be safely given to the endless belt of brushes.
Again, when acting upon corduroy, it is not possible for the brushes to get between
the races or ribs, so as to raise the pile from the bottom. By the present invention,
however, I'am enabled so to present cloth to the action of a circular brush running
at a very high speed, that every portion of the pile is operated upon evenly across the
piece. I propose to use one, two, or more card rollers or brushes mounted in a
traversing frame for effecting the raising or finishing operation, and instead of a flat
bed for supporting the fabric against the downward pressure of the rotating card
rollers or brushes, 1 employ edge bars lying in the direction of the traverse of the
fabric, which bars I mount in a traversing frame supported in guides in the main
framing. The edge bars will be about the same length as the card rollers or brushes,
say, about 6 feet, and the operation of raising or finishing proceeds while the piece is
stationary and held at tension by the pins or clamps.
When one card roller is used for raising the nap, two edge bars will be required
for supporting the cloth, and it will be upon that portion of the cloth which, for the
moment, lies between these bars, that the card roller will act. When, however, the
finishing is being carried on by a single brush, one supporting bar, only, will be
needed, the action of the brush being upon that portion of the fabric which overlies
the bar. It will be understood that when finishing cords by using a traversing edge
bar to support the cloth under the action of the traversing brush, the cloth will be
presented to the action of the brush with the ribs opened out, so as to allow the brush
to get to the bottom of the race or rib.

page_text: When cards are used over a solid bed, they are, as is well known, very soon
destroyed, and hence the advantage of the two edge bars above mentioned, which
provide an equivalent for an elastic support for the cloth.
The frames carrying, respectively, the card roller and the bars, may be traversed
(one over and one under the cloth) from four horizontal screws geared together and
receiving a reverse motion, as in a planing machine.
The brush, when driven by an endless band, always runs in the same direction, but
in the case of the card roller, after passing across the piece with its teeth acting on
the cloth, its direction of rotation will be reversed before commencing its back travel.
Over the card roller is mounted an emery.roller, the bearings of which slide in
vertical guides of the traversing frame, and rest upon guide rails, which are capable
of being raised to lift the emery roller.clear of the card roller when the latter is in
action, and bring it in contact therewith on its return movement, in order that it may
act as a stripper, and clear the card roller of the fluff which it has collected.
Whilst the brush or card roller (as the case may be) is travelling back, preparatory
to repeating its action on the piece, the cloth is made to travel forward under the
action of the tenter pin chains, so as to present a fresh part to be operated upon. In
this way, the whole length of the piece will be gradually brought under the action
of the rotary card roller or the brush, and have a nap raised, or its pile face finished,
as desired. When employing three rotary brushes in a traversing frame, three
supporting edge bars will be required to work in connection therewith. In this case
the frames will have but a short traverse, say a little over one third the width of the
fabric under treatment.
I propose to impart the traverse motion to the brush frame and the supporting bar
frame by means of a pair of radius arms fulcrummed near the base of the machine,
and receiving a slow rocking motion from a crank shaft.
The frame of the supporting edge bars is carried in transverse guides of the main
framing, and to the opposite ends of this traversing frame the brush frame is connected
by means of link rods. This brush frame works in transverse guides, which are
capable of receiving a vertical movement in the brackets which carry them. Projecting
from the sides of these guides are supporting pins which rest in notches made in the
upper edge of parallel bars that serve to support the guides. These bars have a
slight end way motion, derived from the radius arms before mentioned.
The notches which receive the supporting pins of the guides are cach formed with
two depths, the greater depth sufficing to allow the brush frame to drop so that its
brushes may reach the cloth, while the shallower part of the notches, when brought
into coincidence with the supporting pins, serves to hold the brushes clear of
the cloth.
The bars are slotted longitudinally to receive each a stud pin projecting from the
radius arms, and the brush frame is coupled to the radius arms by link rods. As the
radius arms are rocked they will impart a traverse motion to the brush frame, and at
the same time the brushes will receive a rapid rotary motion from a band leading
down from an overhead pulley.
The length of the longitudinal slots in which the stud pins work, is such, that as
the brush frame nears the end of its forward traverse, the stud pins will strike the
notched bars, and cause them to bring the shallow part of their notches into coincidence
with the supporting pins of the guides. Thus, during the back motion of the brush
frame, the brushes will be raised clear of the work. On the completion, however, of
the back movement of the frame, the stud pins will strike the ends of the longitudinal
slots, thereby imparting a slight endway motion to the notched bars, and dropping
the brushes into contact with the cloth, ready to repeat the brushing action.
Dated this 11th dow 1000

page_text: Improved Machinery for Producing a Nap on Velveteens and
Raising the Pile of and Finishing Velveteens and Cords.
I, JAMES WORRALL, of Ordsall, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The objects of this invention are to produce a nap, to raise the pile upon and to
brush woven fabrics on the cross, instead of lengthwise of the piece. To attain one
or other of these ends, I take the ordinary Stretching Machine, where the cloth is
held on tenter pins or clamps by both selvedges, and apply my invention thereto so
as to ensure the more efficient action of the carding or brushing surfaces. Brushing
across the piece on the Stretching Machine has been done by means of brushes
mounted on travelling endless belts, the cloth passing over a flat surface or bed with
its face upwards.-In such arrangement of mechanism, it is difficult to ensure the
brushes acting evenly across the piece, and little speed can be safely given to the
endless belt of brushes.-Again, when acting upon corduroys, it is not possible for
the brushes to get between the races or ribs so as to raise the pile from the bottom.
By the present invention, however, I am enabled so to present cloth to the action of
a cylindrical brush moving transversely of the fabric and running at a high speed,
that every portion of the pile is operated upon evenly across the piece. I propose to
use one, two, or more brushes mounted in a traversing frame for effecting the finishing
operation, and instead of a flat bed for supporting the fabric against the downward
pressure of the rotating brushes, I employ edge bars lying in the direction of the
traverse of the fabric, which bars I mount in a traversing frame supported in guides
in the main framing. The edge bars will be about the same length as the brushes,
and the operation of finishing will proceed while the piece is travelling or stationary,
and held at tension by the pins or clamps.
For raising a nap or pile upon the fabric, I replace the brush by a card roller,
and use two edge bars for supporting the cloth, and it will be upon that portion
of the cloth which for the moment lies between these bars, that the card roller will
act. When, however, the finishing is being carried on by a single brush, one sup-
porting bar only will be needed, the action of the brush being upon that portion of
the fabric which, for the time, overlies the bar. It will be understood that when
finishing cards by using a traversing edge bar to support the cloth under the
action of the traversing brush, the cloth will be presented to the action of the
brush with the ribs opened out, so as to allow the brush to get to the bottom of
the race or rib.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 shews in plan view so much of a finishing machine with a cylindrical
brush applied thereto, as will serve to explain the nature of my invention and the
means for carrying it into effect.
Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the machine taken at the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1,
and Fig 3 is a partial longitudinal section of the finishing machine.

page_text: In this class of machine, it will be understood that the fabric or cloth to be
operated upon is held in tension laterally by being placed upon tenter pins carried
by endless chains; or the selvedges of the piece goods are inserted into gripping
clamps having an intermittent travelling motion. The traverse of the cloth through
the machine is either effected by the travelling chains or by drag rollers. As these
contrivances are well-known, no detailed reference to them will be made in describing
the machine which is partially illustrated in the above-mentioned figures.
A is the main framing of the machine, and B B, Fig. 2, are the tension chains
for carrying the cloth through the machine, and submitting it to the action of the
cylindrical brush.
CC is a pair of elongated nuts which serve to carry a cloth supporting bar Cl.
This bar, which is strung on the nuts before end collars are secured thereto, is
formed with a tapered upper edge, which is slightly rounded off.
Through the nuts C pass traversing screws Cmounted in bearings carried by
the framing A, and capable of rotating freely therein. Surrounding the sleeve
nuts C, on the opposite sides of the bar C, are coiled springs c, which serve to main-
tain the bar C in its normal position on the sleeve nuts, while acting as a support
for the cloth, and yet allow of its yielding in either direction, when brought into
contact with the guides of the tenter chains B.
Situate immediately above the bar C, is a cylindrical brush D, the axle of which
is mounted on blocks D1, which are tapped to receive traversing screws D².
These screws have their bearings in the standards which carry the bearings of the
screws C², and a rotary motion is transmitted simultaneously to all the screws for the
purpose of giving a simultaneous traverse motion to the cloth-supporting bar (, and
the brush D which works immediately above it.
Rotary motion is imparted to the brush by a band from an overhead pulley, and a
speed of some 500 revolutions per minute will be imparted thereto.
The traverse motion of the brush over the travelling fabric will vary somewhat
under varying circumstances, but I find that three traverses of the brush and its
supporting bar, for a travel of some 26 inches of the cloth, will be an average rate, the
speed of traverse being some 20 traverses per minute.
I will now describe the mechanism for driving the traversing screws.-Mounted on
bracket standards bolted to one of the side frames A, is a longitudinal driving shaft F,
fitted with two fixed and one loose pulley, which are designed to receive an open and
a crossed belt respectively, for driving the shaft in opposite directions.
This shaft is fitted at its opposite ends with mitre wheels which gear into corre-
sponding wheels cast with the spur wheels d d of the traversing screws 1)².
In gear with these spur wheels d, are spur wheels c¹ keyed on the traversing
screws C². This arrangement of gearing serves to impart rotary motion to all the
traversing screws simultaneously, and as they are designed to act together, each pair
of screws must be right and left handed.
Supposing, now, rotary motion to be imparted to the brush, and a traverse motion
to be given to the supporting bar C' in the direction of the arrow, the brush will act
upon that portion of the cloth which, for the moment, is presented to it by the travelling
bar. When, however, the brush has reached the selvedge, it will pass from the cloth
to complete its full extent of traverse. This provides for its passing over the tenter
pins, whatever the position to which they are adjusted, to suit the various widths of
cloth admissible to the machine.
As the traverse of the nuts C is equal to that of the brush, the bar C¹ will, on coming
in contact with the chain guide, have its traverse motion arrested, thus limiting its
amount of traverse according to the width of cloth or the adjustment of the tenter
chains.
Fig. 4 shews in cross sectional elevation the machine as fitted for raising a nap or
pile, a card roller being substituted for the cylindrical brush.
In this figure, A is the main framing of the machine, and B B are the tenter chains
for carrying the cloth or piece goods through the machine.
Underlying this cloth is a traversing frame composed of end plates CC, which

page_text: travel over guide bars (*. These end plates are rigidly connected together by two
cloth-supporting bars C, which lie longitudinally of the machine, or in the line of
travel of the cloth. These bars serve to support the cloth under the action of the
rotating card cylinder D.
Attached to the plates CC are nuts c, which are free to turn on their coupling pins,
for the purpose to be presently explained. The guide bars Care at their outer ends
formed with an incline so as to permit of the frame C, which is traversed over them,
tipping ont of the horizontal when completing its traverse either to the right or left
hand. The object of this tipping action is to provide for the frame traversing a
distance equal to the traverse of the card roller, and for this purpose it is requisite
that the frame C shall, in completing its traverse, clear the bars from the tenter
chains, passing them under the one or other of the chain guides.
(is one of a pair of traversing screws mounted in bearings carried by standards
on the framing A, and passing respectively through the nuts e pivotted to the end
plates of the frame (, for the purpose of giving the traverse motion to the carriage.
Immediately above these screws is a second pair of traversing screws D³, also mounted
in bearings in the standards on the framing A. These screws 12 serve to carry the
card roller D, the axle of which is mounted in tapped bearings supported by and
working on the screws D³.
Forked extensions of these bearings serve as guides for a pair of sliding blocks e,
which carry the axle of an emery roller E, designed to clear the card roller of adhering
fibres drawn from the cloth.
Underlying these sliding blocks e, is a pair of bars e', which, when raised by an
endway motion or otherwise, will lift the emery roller clear of the card roller.
Rotary motion is imparted to the traversing screws, and also to the card roller, by
gearing similar to that described with reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 3. On imparting a
rotary motion to the card cylinder D, and a traverse motion to the carriage C (in the
direction of the arrow), that carriage will support the fabric by means of its bars C³,
holding it up to the card roller, which will act upon that portion of the cloth only
that lies between the supporting bars. When however, the card roller has reached
the selvedge, it will pass from the cloth to complete its full extent of traverse, for the
object above explained.
As the traverse of the carriage is equal to that of the card roller, it will, as it
approaches the tenter chain guide, tip, and pass its forward supporting bar under
the chain guide, irrespective of the position to which that guide has been adjusted.
To provide for the proper timing of this tipping action, the guide bars (may be
divided and severally attached to their respective tenter chain guides, so that their
endway movement will follow the lateral adjustment of the chains.
When cards are used over a solid bed, they are, as is well known, very soon
destroyed, and hence the advantage of the two supporting bars above mentioned,
which provide an equivalent for an elastic support for the cloth.
In the arrangement of machinery just described, I have assumed that the cloth
receives a continuous motion. In some cases, however, I may cause it to travel
intermittently for a distance about equal to the length of the card roller or rotary
brush. When this plan is adopted, it is while the brush or card roller (as the case
may be) is travelling back, preparatory to repeating its action on the piece, that the
cloth is made to travel forward under the action of the tenter pin chains, so as to
present a fresh portion of cloth to be operated upon. In this way, the whole length
of the piece will be gradually brought under the action of the rotary card roller or
the brush, and have a nap raised, or its pile face finished, as desired.
Instead of driving the traversing carriage by means of screws, I may employ a pair
of radius arms projecting from a rock shaft situate near the base of the machine, and
when using more than one cylindrical brush, I modify the contrivance described with
reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, for permitting the brushes to pass over the selvedges of
the cloth. These modifications I will now explain with reference to Figs. 5 to 11.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of a finishing machine fitted with three brush cylinders, and
shewing the means for driving all the operating parts of the machine.

page_text: Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the same, but shewing the traversing carriage in partial
end section.
Fig. is an end view of the machine, shewing the traversing carriage fitted with
three cylindrical brushes and three edge bars for supporting the cloth under the
action of the brushes. In this machine, the central bar is a fixture, and the bars
at either side thereof are fitted so as to yield to pressure at the end of the traverse of
the carriage, like the supporting bar in Fig. 2. The mode of mounting these bars
in the carriage is best shewn in Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11, which represent, on an
enlarged scale, a carriage fitted to receive one brush, and having but one cloth
supporting bar, that yields laterally in either direction when forced into contact with
one or other of the chain guide bars.
When employing three rotary brushes in a traversing frame, the carriage will have
but a short traverse, say, a little over one-third the width of the fabric under
treatment.
In Figs. 5, 6, and 7, the parts corresponding to those in the earlier figures, are
marked with the same letters of reference; a repetition of their description and
their manner of action will therefore be unnecessary.
The traverse motion for the brush carriage C is obtained by linking that carriage
to radius arms G keyed to a rock shaft G having its bearings near the base of
the machine, and receiving a slow rocking motion from a crank shaft. This crank
shaft receives its motion from the main driving shaft F, which is mounted trans-
versely of the machine, or at right angles to the rock shaft.
A bevil pinion keyed on the shaft F gears into a bevil wheel keyed onto a
longitudinal shaft F, and through spur gearing rotary motion is communicated to
the crank shaft F, which is mounted by the side of the shaft F¹.
A short arm keyed to the rock shaft G connects, by a rod G³, with a crank
pin of the shaft F2, and by this arrangement of gearing a slow rocking motion
is given to the shaft G', whereby the traverse of the carriage C across the work is
effected, the rate of motion being, say, three crossings for a travel of some 26 inches
of cloth.
The travel of the cloth is effected, as is usual in this class of machine, by the tenter
chains, the chain wheels of which, keyed on the transverse shaft B₁, receive motion
from the driving shaft F through gearing carried by a counter shaft 1.
I have said that the carriage C is fitted with three cylindrical brushes. These are
mounted like the single brush, Fig. 2, and they are driven by a belt which passes
down from the drum of an overhead shaft.
In order to ensure a proper bite of the belt on the brush pullies, and to provide also
for the maintaining of the tension of the belt while a traverse motion is given to
the brushes, the carriage is fitted with a pair of guide pullies d', which move with
the carriage, and thus prevent any change of position between the belt and the brush
pullies.
:
"
The carriage C in which the supporting edge bars Care mounted, is supported by,
and slides upon, a pair of transverse guide bars C* of the main framing, and its
movements are further steadied by a second pair of transverse guide bars, set at a
higher elevation, between which it travels. As, therefore, the radius arms G are
vibrated, the carriage will move the rotating brushes to and fro across the cloth,
bringing alternately the outside bars C into contact with their adjacent chain guides,
which will arrest their further motion, while the brushes continue to travel until the
selvedge is passed.
Referring now to the enlarged detail views, I will explain the mode of mounting
the cloth supporting bars in the three-brush machine, to provide for the arrest of the
outside bars while the brushes are left free to travel to the extreme limit of their
traverse.
I have said that the middle bar is a fixture, and that the outer bars only are arrested
in their motion before the limit of traverse of the carriage is completed.
The slides which constitute the bottom of the carriage C are longitudinally slotted
(as shewn at Fig. 6), to receive, at opposite sides of the centrally fixed bar, slides

page_text: which form the base support for the movable longitudinal bars C₁. This arrangement
is clearly illustrated in the plan and end views, Figs. 8 and 9, which represent,
however, the slide for one bar only. Each movable bar is retained in its normal
position by means of coiled springs c, which are fitted with followers, and fill the
spaces in the longitudinal slots not occupied by the slides.
To prevent the springs, through any inequality in their strength, acting irregularly
on the base slides, stop pins are provided which arrest the movement of their followers
when such stop pins have reached the end of the slot in the carriage slide formed to
receive them. This arrangement is shewn in Figs. 10 and 11, which represent two
positions of a movable bar C, Fig. 10, shewing its normal position in the carriage,
and Fig. 11 its arrested position, it having come in contact with the chain guide before
the carriage had completed its traverse.
It will be understood that when but one brush is used, the length of traverse of the
carriage must be increased in order to provide for the single brush acting upon the
whole breadth of the cloth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The application to machinery for finishing pile fabrics, of a traversing cylindrical
brush frame or card roller frame fitted with a cloth supporting bar or bars lying in
the direction of the traverse of the fabric, as and for the purpose above set
forth.
2. In a traversing brush frame or card roller frame, the means described with reference
to the drawings, for enabling the brush or roller to pass over the selvedge of the cloth
while the supporting bar, as it nears the selvedge, is arrested in its traverse, or
dropped out of action.
Dated this 29th day of January 1889
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant..