AN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Stephens Brown, of No. 2,
Alexandrian Lodge, Old Kent Road, in the County of Surry,
Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT FOR
Sealed the 9th March 1853, and dated the 2nd October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Stephens
Brown at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd October 1852.
DAVID STEPHENS BROWN, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT FOR TILLING THE SOIL"
to be as follows, namely:-
An instrument for scratching or scraping the ground with a view
of loosening and pulverizing the soil, which it leaves in the same state
if it had been scratched by a mole or a rabbit.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Stephens Brown in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 2nd April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
David Stephens Brown, of Number 2, Alexandrian Lodge, Old Kent
Road, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said David Stephens Brown, Her
special licence that I, the said David Stephens Brown, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said David Stephens
Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT FOR TILLING THE SOIL," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said David Stephens Brown, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
.after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Stephens Brown, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement; with the aid of the Drawings therein
referred to (that is to say):
It consists of an instrument for scratching or scraping the soil with a
view of comminuting and pulverizing the same. Figure 1, in the two
copies of the Drawings that accompany this Specification is a side elevá-
tion of the same. (a.) is a cylinder, having attached to its circumference

page_text: the elastic arms b, c, and d; to the outward extremities of the arms
b, and c, are affixed the rows of teeth represented by the letters
(e, e,e,) and (f, f, f) so arranged that one of such rows may
always be in contact with the ground, however much the said elastic
arms may be bent, as represented by the arm (b), so bent by its action
against the ground. To the extremity of the arm (d,) a circular
brush is attached, as shown by the letter (g), so formed in order that
it may act on the ground, however much the said arm may be bent...
The said cylinder is suspended to the beam (h), which beam forms
one of its bearings, another beam occupying a similar position on the
opposite side. . The said beam is supported on the pillar (i), on which
it revolves by means of the pivot (k), thus enabling the cylinder to
accommodate itself to the different depths and inequalities of the ground
by being raised and lowered without getting out of gear, and partly for
the same reason the said arms (b, c, d,) are elastic, but instead of
being elastic they may be provided with spring joints at the respective
ends where they join the said cylinder. To the other end of the said
beam (h,) is suspended the weight (7), by means of which the
pressure of the said cylinder against the ground is regulated. The
pillar (i) is affixed on the carriage (m), which carriage is mounted on
four wheels, (n.) (o,) being two of such wheels. Figures 2, 3, and 4,
are longitudinal views of the said teeth and brush. The teeth attached
to the arm (b) being placed opposite to the spaces between the teeth
attached to the arm (c,) in order that the ground which escapes the
5 action of the one may be acted upon by the other. Instead of a brush,
scrapers may be employed. Figures 5, and 6, are views of such scrapers,
consisting of blades arranged in a similar manner to the teeth. When
the instrument is used motion is given to the cylinder (a,) in the
direction of the arrow (p.) by means of the band (9,) which connects
the wheel (r,) on the axle, of the said cylinder with the wheel (8),
which last-mentioned wheel has motion communicated to it from the
sa carriage (m,) by means of a band or otherwise, and which carriage
contains a steam engine or other moving power. Or motion may be
communicated in a direct manner to the said cylinder by means of a
5 handle worked by manual labour or otherwise. By the action of the

page_text: cylinder thus-arranged the soil is scratched by the teeth to any depth,
and then thrown back and swept by the said teeth and brush in a fine
pulverized state behind the instrument in the direction (t). Whilst the
said cylinder is thus revolving the whole instrument is constantly moving
in the direction of the arrow (u,) by means of the winch (v,) acting
upon the rope (w), the other end of which rope is attached to some
fixed object, and which winch' has motion given to it from the steam
engine in the said carriage or otherwise. The dotted line (x,)
represents the ground to be acted upon.
In witness whereof," I; the said David Stephen's Brown, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of April,
of Your Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
in the year
three.