IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING THE SURFACES OF SMOKING PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES, FICTILE. METALLIC. OR OTHERWISE, TO OBTAIN ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL EFFECTS
Year: 1860

page_text: of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING THE SURFACES OF SMOKING PIPES
AND OTHER ARTICLES, FICTILE. METALLIC. OR OTHERWISE, TO OBTAIN ORNAMENTAL
AND USEFUL EFFECTS."
Sealed the 4th June 1861, and dated the 13th December 1960.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John George Iteynolds
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th December 1860.
I, JOHN GEORGE REYNOLDS, of No. 33, Wharf Road, City Road, in the
County of Middlesex. Pipe Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING THE SURFACES OF
SMOKING PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES, FICTILE, METALLIC, OR OTHERWISE, TO OBTAIN
ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL EFFECTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in taking liquified amber or liquified copal, or both,
and coating the surface of the article or substance to be treated either by
brushing it over the sanie or by dipping; after which the article or substance
so coated is baked or roasted, and then torrified by passing the same through
[Price 8d.]

page_text: a flame of gas, or of a spirit or other suitable lamp, or any other clear
flame; after which a second coating may be added, and then the article is
again baked or roasted, when the appearance will be improved, and the
porosity stopped; and variety of tint may be obtained by the use of the blow-
pipe, or other means. If it be thought needful the article may receive further
coatings or coverings in similar manner.
ursuan
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Letter
by the said John George Reynolds in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN GEORGE
REYNOLDS, of 33, Wharf Road, City Road, in the County of Middlesex, Pipe
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of December. in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John George Reynolds, Her special licence that I, the said John
George Reynolds, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
1. the said John George Reynolds, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING THE SURFACES OF SMOKING PIPES AND
OTHER ARTICLES, FICTILE, METALLIC, OR OTHERWISE, TO OBTAIN ORNAMENTAL AND
USEFUL EFFECTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
George Reynolds, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner.
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John George Reynolds, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The nature of the said Invention, as is intimated by the Provisional Specifi-
cation left and recorded on application for the said Letters Patent, consists in
coating with amber in solution, as hereafter described, or copal varnish, or
both together, or with the equivalent substances hereafter mentioned, the
surface of the article or substance to be treated, and after coating the article
or substance, drying it by baking or roasting it, or even by exposing it to
atmospheric influence and then torrefying the same by the action of the flame
of gas, or of a spirit or other suitable lamp, or any other clear flame, or by.
any means of roasting free from smoke, as by roasting like meat before a clear
fire, when a second coating may be given, and again the baking or roasting
and torrefying may be repeated. Variety of tint may be obtained by the use
of the blow-pipe, by directing the heat of flame upon certain paris, so as to
blacken or darken them more than the other parts. If it be thought needful
the article may receive further coatings, or further bakings or roastings, and
torrefyings, or any or all of them.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I now proceed to
describe in what manner the same is to be performed or put in practice, that
is to say, the surface or surfaces of the articles to be treated having been
cleaned with sand or glass paper, or by other suitable means, I proceed as
follows: Taking smoking pipes as the example, (which I prefer to make of
purified pipe-clay,) with a camel-hair brush or other suitable brush, I pay
over the surfaces of the pipes with a thin coating or covering of the amber
solution or varnish, (that is, a solution or varnish produced by boiling amber
with linseed oil, and then adding turpentine thereto, so as to form a varnish
in the same way that copal varnish is obtained.) or with copal varnish, such
as can be bought of the varnish makers, and is known to coach builders as
best body varnish." Or amber and copal may be used instead of only one
of these substances. And further, the strength of these two gum resins will
admit of their being reduced by the mixture of any others, though I do not
myself mix them with any others, as I prefer to use the copal or amber
separately. As an equivalent for the amber or copal, or both, or mixed with
other gum resins, I use vellum size made from skins, hoofs of cattle, and the
like, or fish glues, each and all of these substances. or indeed any gelatinous
or glutinous substances generally that can be applied as a coating, and after-
wards fixed and changed in color by heat. Having thus coated the pipe, I
proceed to dry the same, which I can do, if the weather be suitable, by setting

page_text: the pipe to dry in a room for from 10 to 14 days, having a current of air tigh
through such room, and the entrance of dust and other impurities stoppe
by calico secured over the windows or other air apertures: or by baking
roasting, or drying. by placing the pipes in metal trays covered over to kee
out dirt and the like: in an oven heated to from 120° to 230° Fah'. for from
10 to 40 minutes. which will throw off the oil and spitit. and also any
unpleasant elluvian or injurious vapours, leaving only a coating of the gum
resin, or other substance. After the coating has been well effected and dried
in, as above described, the pipes are passed through the flame of gas or of
spirit lamp, or any clear flame, or any clear flame by placing them, for
instance, on a wire gauze, with a flame or flames beneath for the bowls, and for
the stems by holding over or passing right through; or, to make the pipe a darke
color, by holding it over the naked flame of gas uncovered by gauze.
a blow-pipe may be used, so as to direct the flame upon any part of a pipe te
cause it to become darker in some parts than in others, and thus produce
variety of tint. After this another coating of fine amber, copal, or other gun
resin, or mixture of them, is again placed on the torrefied or roasted surfaces.
and then again the articles are placed in the oven, and kept at a temperaime
of from 260° to 200° to bake or burn in and amalgamate the two coats, and
firmly attach both to the porous surfaces of the clay pipes: the same being
thus roasted or torrefied by a much greater heat than they will ever he
subjected to from the burning tobacco.
And
Any articles made of clay, porous stone, plaster of Paris, cement, marble,
slate, and the like, can be beautified by the same process, for which 1 claim
protection.
Works of art, moulded or cut out of solid stones, can also be beautified and
made durable by this process. And ornaments of ground glass. or any of the
metals, preserved and decay resisted by oxydation, and obtained by roasting.
baking, and torrefying at greater or less heats, and afterwards coated in
various parts to obtain effect. Drawings and etchings of ground glass may
be obtained in several colors by roastings or torrefyings. The darker tints to
be first obtained by the greater heats, and the lighter tints by the lesser heats:
which greater heats will not alter the first effect of the darker shades or tints.
Colors can be produced and amalgamated intimately with strong gums. resins,
and the varnishes above named, together with the boiled oils and turpentine.
by which the gum resins are reduced to fluidity, so that the atmosphere after
torrefying takes no effect.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I claim the coating
smoking pipes and other articles with amber or copal in solution, or any equi-
valent for the same, that is, any liquified or liquifyable vegetable, or animal
substance which can be dried into the surface so as to coat it, and enable it
to be treated by heat so as to produce the effects herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I. the said John George Reynolds, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of June, in, the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JOHN GEORGE REYNOLDS. (L.S.)