Improvements in the Treatment or Preparation of Mineral and other like Oils.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1887
Complete Left, 7th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 25th May, 1888.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment or Preparation of Mineral and
other like Oils.
I, CHARLES LEOPOLD BAILLARD of 52 rue de Buffon, Rouen in the Republic of
France, Textile Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows:-
My Invention relating to the treatment or preparation of mineral oils (of the general
formula Cn H2n+2 for example) and resin oils whereby obtain a product soluble
in alkalies and capable of being used for various purposes in the arts for which these
oils are not fitted in their ordinary condition consists essentially in the combination
of such oils, after their oxidation or treatment with oxidised oleic or oxyoleic acid
as described in the Specification of a previous invention communicated by me to
J. Y. Johnson and dated January 11th 1886 No. 449 with chlorate of Potash or
Chloride of lime decomposed by Hydrochloric acid or Sulphuric acid or with fluor
spar decomposed by sulphuric acid to form hydrofluoric acid.
For example I mix about one hundred parts by weight of a mixture of mineral oil
or resin oil or mineral and resin oil and oxyoleic acid obtained as aforesaid with from
about three to six parts by weight of Chlorate of Potash which I dissolve in from
about five to six times its weight of water. I boil these materials by injecting steam
for about one hour after which I introduce slowly and in small quantities an amount
of hydrochloric or sulphuric acid equal to about three times the weight of the chlorate.
The boiling by injection of steam is continued for another hour after which the
product is washed and dehydrated by means of a salt.
When chloride of lime or bleaching powder is employed I use say from about
fifteen to eighteen parts by weight of the chloride to one hundred parts of the mixture
of oil and oxyoleic acid and decompose as before by the employment of a quantity of
acid equal to about one part by weight of acid to one and a half parts by weight of
the chloride.

page_text: When hydrofluoric acid is employed it is prepared by the allowing sulphuric acid
to react on about an equal quantity of fluor spar. Similar results may be obtained
by the use of bromine and iodine which act in a similar manner to the chlorine described
in the previous Specification hereinbefore referred to.
The products obtained by means of this invention are soluble in alkalies and are
well adapted for oiling wool and other processes in which vegetable oils are usually
employed.

page_text: other like Oils.
I, CHARLES LEOPOLD BAILLARD of 52 rue de Buffon, Rouen in the republic of
France, Textile Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relating to the treatment or preparation of mineral oils (of the
general formula Cn H2n+2 for example) and resin oils whereby I obtain a product
soluble in alkalies and capable of being used for various purposes in the arts for
which these oils are not fitted in their ordinary condition consists essentially in the
combination of such oils, after their oxidation or treatinent with oxidised oleic, or
oxyoleic acid as described in the specification of a previous invention communicated
by me to James Yate Johnson and dated January 11th 1886 No. 449, with chlorato
of potash or chloride of lime decomposed by hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid or
with fluor spar decomposed by sulphuric acid to form hydrofluoric acid.
The Specification hereinbefore referred to describes a process for preparing oils of
petroleum and resin characterized by the combination of these oils with chlorine after
treatment with oleic acid and slaked lime, this action of chlorine on the oxyoleic acid
formed on the one hand and on the oils of petroleum or resin on the other hand
giving a mixture soluble in alkalies and capable of being used for various purposes
in the arts.
Further researches in this question of the preparation of mineral oils have led me
to employ chlorate of potash (K CI 0³) chloride of lime (Ca C1² + Ca C₁₂ 0) and
hydrofluoric acid (H FI) made by decomposition of fluor spar with sulphuric acid for
obtaining the same results with mixtures of oleic acid and hydro-carburets in the
mean or average proportion of 25 (C¹³ H³± 0³) and 75 (CH²+). I proceed as
follows with the different reagents in order to render the preparation of oleic acid
with the hydrocarbons soluble in alkalies.
1. TREATMENT WITH CHLORATE OF POTASH.
I mix about one hundred parts by weight of a mixture of mineral oil and oxyoleic
acid obtained as described in the specification herein before referred to with from about
three to six parts by weight of chlorate of potash which I dissolve in from about five
to six times its weight of water: I boil these materials by injecting steam for about
one hour in order to obtain a thorough mixture of the substances present. After this
I introduce slowly and in small quantities or in a thin stream to avoid boiling over
owing to too rapid decomposition of the chlorate an amount of commercial hydro-
chloric or sulphuric acid at about 21 or 22 degrees Beaumé equal to about 3 times the
weight of the chlorate used. The boiling by injection of steam is continued for
another hour after which the product is washed with the water which we draw off by
decantation after cooling. To dehydrate the product I employ either sea-salt, or

page_text: chloride of calcium, it is then ready for use. The decomposition of the chlorate
potash by the hydrochloric acid is represented by the following formulae :—
Sulphuric acid can also be employed for decomposing the chlorate of potash intro- 20
duced into the mixture of oleic acid and mineral oil, and a product is obtained soluble
in alkalies with reactions as follows:
hydrocarburet not saturated.
2. USE OF CHLORIDES OF LIME ON THE MIXTURES OF COMMERCIAL OLEIC ACID AND
HYDROCARBURETS.
In this process I use from about fifteen to eighteen parts by weight of ordinary
cbloride of lime (Ca Cl² + Ca Clo) or bleaching powder diluted in from 50 to 60 parts

page_text: by weight of water to one hundred parts of the mixture of mineral oil and oxyoleic acid.
These idgredients being mixed are boiled for about one hour by means of a steam jet
and the whole being well mixed the hypochlorite of lime (CI, O Ca) is produced by
introducing into the boiling mixture a quantity of hydrochloric acid of commerce at
about 21 or 22 degrees Beaumé in the proportion of about one and a half parts by
weight of the acid to one of chloride of lime. The decomposition of the hypochlorite
of lime on coming in contact with the oleic acid may be represented by the following
formula.
The composition of oxyoleic acid and non saturated carburet is also soluble in
alkalies. It is washed in warm water and dehydrated either by sea-salt or chloride of
calcium as herein before mentioned. Sulphuric acid can also be used instead of hydro-
chloric acid for decomposing the chloride of lime of commerce and in this case a weight
of sulphuric acid at 66 degrees density equal to about half the weight of the chloride
is employed being dissolved in water so as to reduce the density to about 50 or 52
degrees Beaumé in order to avoid blackening the mixture of oils. The reactions
produced are shown in the following formulae :-
3. ACTION OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID ON THE MIXTURE OF OLEIC ACID AND
CARBURETS OF HYDROGEN.
Assuming the hydrofluoric acid to have been prepared by the reaction of sulphuric
acid on fluor spar 1 employ for every 100 parts by weight of the oxoleogene twenty
five parts of fluor spar and twenty five parts of sulphuric acid giving the following
Bromine and iodine being homologues of chlorine and fluor produce the same effects
but on account of their high price could not be advantageously employed in the
treatment of oils.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is

page_text: a mixture essentially soluble in alkalies and consequently capable of being used
advantageously in the arts the said process consisting in combining these oils after
they have been treated with oleic acil as set forth either with chlorate of potash or
chloride of lime decomposed by hydrochloric or sulphuric acid or with fluor spar
decomposed by sulphuric acid forming hydrofluoric acid substantially as herein before
described.
2. The new product capable of being used advantageously for oiling wool and for
other purposes, being a mixturo formed by the combination of chlorate of potash
chloride of lime and fluor spar decomposed by a suitable acid, with heavy oils of
petroleum or oils of resin, or a mixture of these oils the said oils having been previously
treated with oleic acid substantially as hereinbefore described.
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