IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF ARTICLES FORMED OF GLASS, POTTERY, AND METALS, AND OF COMBINATIONS THEREOF, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Raoul de Faucheux d'Humy, of Litchfield Street,
Soho, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF ARTICLES FORMED OF GLASS,
POTTERY, AND METALS, AND OF COMBINATIONS THEREOF, AND IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Raoul de Faucheux
d'Humy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February
1878.
"
PAUL RAOUL DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY, of Litchfield Street, Soho, in the County
of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF
ARTICLES FORMED OF GLASS, POTTERY, AND METALS, AND OF COMBINATIONS THEREOF,
AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
"
According to the first part of my Invention, I first form an article of any desired
shape of metal wire or of metallic riband, woven, plaited, or otherwise worked, or of
pierced metal. When of wire or metallic riband, woven, plaited, or otherwise
worked, I sometimes connect the parts together where they cross each other by
soldering or by means of a galvanic bath, by which means I increase the strength of
the articles and the thickness of the metal; I then, by means of a blowing rod, take
a lump of glass in the state of fusion, and introduce it into the interior of. the
metallic article; I then blow it with as much force as possible, so as to cause the
glass to take the form of the metallic article or exterior, and to pass through.
the open meshes or spaces thereof, and stand out in relief therefrom, the metal lying
in hollows or recesses thereby formed in the glass; or the metal may be replaced
by porcelain, or by pottery of any description, or by any other suitable resisting,
material.

page_text: When using metal I sometimes, by means of a galvanic bath or by other means,
apply thereto a coating of any desired metal for decoration. The articles of metal
or other material into which the glass is to be blown may have an opening at both
ends thereof in order to enable the workman to apply a "pontil" to the glass and
to present the article to the mouth of the furnace when required. By these means
I produce drinking glasses, decanters, objects of art, and various other articles com-
posed of two different bodies, of which the exterior, being harder than the fused
glass, facilitates the penetration of the glass into the open spaces, and gives the
article in its entirety various decorative effects, protects the glass, and renders it
inseparable in case of fracture.
The second part of my Invention relates to the introduction of solid metal into
the interior of glass. For this purpose I employ a mould in which I first blow a
piece of glass; I then introduce into this glass an article of metal made in any.com-
venient shape, and of which each of its parts is moveable, the one upon the other,
and rests against the side of the glass; I then blow by the free opening glass, which
by the pressure of blowing or by compressed air enlarges the glass, opens out the
metal, and encloses it between two layers of glass.
If in place of a regular design I desire simply to obtain the division of the metal
throughout the mass of glass, I blow in a cylindrical, conical, or other shaped mould
a piece of glass, which I open at its upper part and leave in the mould, which, is
heated to a high temperature; I repeat the operation in another mould of smaller
diameter than the first, or I simply blow a cylinder, which I allow to cool or which
I retain hot, and which I cover either totally or partially with leaf or sheet metal;
or with metallic powder, or by any other means either galvanic or chemical; this
. coat of metal should be thin enough to become broken up and divided by the expa
sion of the glass; I introduce this last cylinder into the first, which remains in thb
heated mould; then into this last cylinder, covered with metal, I again blow glas
which I have just taken from the furnace, when the three pieces become attached to
each other and form but one piece consisting of three layers of glass, the metal
being in the centre; I then submit the entire to a high temperature to soften the
glass, and I finish by the ordinary means the article I desire to produce.
My Invention also relates to a mode of obtaining a minute division of metai
amongst the mass of glass, whereby I obtain a highly ornamental appearance. I
proceed as above explained by alternating the glass cylinders, prepared and not
prepared, with metal, which I introduce one into the other; the diameter and the
height should. be about a quarter less than that of the finished article it is desired to
produce, and I take care to retain the cylinder in a horizontal position, but do not
swing it nor elongate it excessively.
To produce regular designs in the body of the glass I use a cylinder or other
shaped piece of glass, which I cover with metal, and by means of a point or suitable
tool I trace upon the metal which I remove any desired design; or I use a plate of
pierced metal or other material, either flat or of the form of the article I desire to
engrave or decorate, or a cylinder divided throughout its length on each side,
enabling it to be separated into two parts. I cover the tube, or cylinder, or the
sheet of glass prepared with metal, with the pierced plate above mentioned or with
the cylinder, which is also pierced with a design, and by a point or other suitable
Instrument I remove the metal from the glass opposite the openings in the plate or
cylinder, following the contour of the design; I introduce the decorated piece into
the interior of another piece of glass, which is contained in a heated mould, and I
blow into this last piece of decorated glass a piece of glass just taken from the
furnace; the three pieces become attached to each other, when I again present the
mass to the mouth of the furnace or to a flame to soften it; then by blowing into
the glass the metal becomes divided, but retains the outline of the design, which
becomes enlarged, and I finish the article by the ordinary means.
To obtain a design in solid metal or with continuous surface without interruption
of lines or divisions in the mass or on the surface of the glass, I take a sheet of

page_text: metal, which I cut by any suitable means to the design it is desired to apply
to the surface of the glass, or to introduce between two or more thicknesses of
glass.
When the metal is required only on the surface of the glass I cover one of the
surfaces of the design in metal with a transparent colorless enamel, and I deposit it
upon the object to be decorated. I cover the entire with a mould sufficiently
heavy, and occupying only a part of the surface of the object. I submit the entire
to the heat of a furnace, and the enamel, which is more readily fusible than the
glass, melts at a comparatively low temperature, and attaches the metal to the piece
to be decorated.
When the metal is to be placed in the interior I blow into a mould glass just
taken from the furnace, and I introduce into the newly blown piece the design in
metal. I again blow into the piece of glass containing the metal some glass just
taken from the furnace, when the metal will become held between two layers of
glass, having preserved its entire form.
For pieces of glass of considerable thickness I place the solid metal cut into sub-
jects upon an iron table, and I roll the glass upon the said table. The pieces of
metal, after being attached to the glass, are again covered with another coating of
glass taken from the furnace; I then blow, and the metal is caused to occupy places
at hazard, which forms a decoration. If, on the contrary, I desire to obtain metal
divided amongst a considerable thickness of glass, but giving to the latter'a har-
monious appearance, I commence by blowing glass taken from the furnace, which I
roll on an iron table prepared with leaf metal in such manner as to completely
envelope the entire surface of the glass. I cover it again with a coating of glass
taken from the furnace, then I roll it again on an iron table prepared with a fine
metallic powder, and envelope it again with a coating of glass; I then blow it, and
the metal divides, and when I judge that the metal is sufficiently divided, and when
the glass is in a soft state, I again roll it upon a table prepared with leaf metal; I
again cover it with glass, and I finish the piece by the ordinary means, after having
obtained the desired effect.
To obtain designs with metal leaf I prepare a paper which has received a coating
of varnish, or which has simply been soaked with water; place the paper on the
metal leaf, which I press so as to cause the metal to adhere to the paper as uniformly
as possible; then when the paper is dry I cut it into the forms I desire to obtain,
and upon a cylindrical or other formed glass which has received a coating or an
enamel, I place the metallic face of the design cut out of the paper upon the pre-
pared glass; then I submit the glass to a great heat, which removes the paper there-
from by burning it and retains the metal. I then blow into the piece, which by
expanding divides the metal, but which leaves the design enlarged. This work can
be effected in the interior of glass by the means before described.
In place of the metal I can introduce into the glass and produce thereby decorative
effects, by the means before described, powders of magnesia, pottery, mica, metallic
oxides, diamonds, emery, and of other materials capable of resisting high tempera-
tures. I also take a glass tube, which I coat with any suitable varnish; then I
apply to its surface metal leaf; I submit the entire to a moderate heat until the
metal adheres intimately to the glass; with a point I trace a design upon the metal,
which I remove; then after the application of a great heat I blow the glass, which
divides the metal and causes the traced lines to appear; when the glass is cool I
run into the empty lines a varnish or enamel, which I powder over over with a
metallic powder; then I cover the entire as uniformly as possible with metal leaf;
I again beat the piece; the empty lines then appear brilliant, and the metallic
ground remains of a dull tone, the metal being lightly divided, but not sufficiently
so to destroy the design. Upon the entire, by means of a galvanic battery, and upon
a design previously prepared I precipitate upon the glass a coating of metal solid
and thick, which can be filed and engraved, and forms a relief with sharp lines or
angles; the ground of the glass which is covered with metal presents tones and, demi-
tones upon the decorated piece.

page_text: I
I obtain regular designs within the substance of excessively. thin glass, that is to
say, between two or more thicknesses, by the following process: I blow a cylinder
or other form of glass extremely thin; I coat the interior of sucli piece of glass with
a fatty substance, and by means of acids I engrave it comparatively deeply; in the
cavities produced by the acid I place metal, in the form of leaf, powder, liquid, or.
paste, or in any other form; I. blow another identically similar piece, but a little.
thicker, and not.so large in diameter; I introduce this last piece into the engraved
piece, then by heat I cause them to unite. Instead of engraving I can apply designs
to the glass by printing.
Instead of using two thicknesses of glass throughout the entire surface of the
article I sometimes cover the decorated part with, an enamel which is very tender,
and either transparent or opaque, and in liquid or in powder, and I submit it to heat;
the enamel in melting covers and protects the metallic particles with a very fine.
vitreous coating.
I can further, by means of a pellicle of glass which I place upon the decorated
metallic part, and upon which rests a heavy body of the form of the piece, cause it
to adhere by means of heat and thereby cover with glass the part decorated with
metal.
I can also combine and facilitate the adherence of the pellicle of glass by intro-*
ducing between it and the decoration a colorless and tender enamel. The glass
pellicle.may be engraved, and, as explained above, I fill the spaces of the engraving
with metal; I place at the spot desired the enamel, and I then place the piece of
glass either at the exterior or at the interior of the object to be decorated.
To obtain rods or tubes combined with metals, simple or compound, describing
metallic lines either at the exterior or the interior, I cover with metal small rods or,
tubes of glass which I deposit in a mould in, which I compress or blow glass; the
rods or tubes may be alternated with various metals, and when they are drawn
together or separately form metallic lines with various effects similar to Venice
glass, which is composed only of glass of different colors.
.
i
In addition to these various processes of decoration by the application to the
surface or incorporation of metals in the body of the glass, I terminate drinking
glasses by a new kind of metal foot, which is formed either of a small hollow,
cylinder, or of several perpendicular metallic rods united at their base by a foot, and
detached from each other so as to form a series of springs.
If the glass is terminated by a plain stem I form an enlargement at one part of
the glass stem which in penetrating its entire length in the centre of the rods adapts
itself to the claws which hold the article, and in some cases the glass stem is ribbed
or fluted to fit the wires of the support.
If, on the contrary, the drinking glass is terminated by a tube or hollow stem, I
form at one part of its length an enlargement, and at the centre of the metal rods or
of the cylinder terminated by a foot or support I introduce at their centre a metal
pivot, which enters the tube, when I introduce the hollow stem into the claw
support and serves to hold it and prevent vibration.
I also terminate glasses, vases, or other articles capable of being moulded by a
plain or hollow stem, which is provided with a screw thread on the exterior, and
which engages with another spiral fixed on a support.
.
My Invention also relates to the production of articles in glass, pottery, and metals.
ornamented on their surface with spun glass combined with metal or vegetabl
threads. I spin glass of any desired color, which I weave, plait, or otherwise work
with metal or with vegetable threads, to which I give any desired form.
When the glass is woven or otherwise worked with metal I submit the article to
a degree of heat sufficient to cause the threads of glass to unite amongst themselves
and cause the object to preserve its form by the aid of the metal which gives it
support; or I weave or otherwise work the spun glass with vegetable threads; I
cover the whole or part with enamel powder, then I submit it to a heat sufficient to
effect the union of the glass, and to consume the vegetable threads; by these means
I execute articles with apertures or interstices therein in imitation of trellis work,,
:

page_text: festoons; embroidery lace, and other articles, which it has been heretofore impossible
to produce in glass.
My Invention also relates to the application of glass fabric upon the surface of
objects capable of resisting great heat. For this purpose I take an article of glass
or of other material capable of resisting a temperature sufficiently high, with spun
glass simple or combined in various colors I weave or. otherwise work on the surface
of the article, either in trellis work or in other designs, until the article is covered
either in part or entirely, the spun glass being combined with metal or vegetable
threads, or being used alone. When I have obtained the desired result I submit
the article to a great heat, and if necessary before submitting it to heat I cover it
with translucent vitrifiable enamel; by these means I obtain brilliant decorations
and imitations of all kinds of fabrics.
By the same process I make pierced or plain handles in spun glass, combined or
not with metal or with vegetable threads, also the feet or the entire object in
imitation of the finest basket work.
My Invention also relates to novel constructions of blowing rods for introducing
metals or mineral powders into the interior of glass at the moment of blowing for
the purposes above described. These blowing rods consist,―
Firstly. Of a hollow iron tube, in the length of which is arranged a reservoir of
globular or other form directly on the neck and on that side of the reservoir next
the mouth-piece by which the workman blows the glass; a hole is pierced, in which
is fixed either by friction or by screw another tube, which communicates with an
india-rubber or other ball which contains the metal or the mineral powder, which
by falling into the reservoir is carried into the interior of the glass by the act of
blowing, and is diffused by continuing the operation of blowing.
Secondly. A hollow metal rod pierced at its surface with a series of oblique holes
communicating with the interior of the tube. Upon the blowing rod is mounted a
chamber or reservoir, the interior of which is inclined downwards, and is capable of
containing like the first-described arrangement metallic or mineral powders. I
also employ another cylinder, the bore of which is just equal to the diameter of the
rod, and capable of sliding along its entire length air-tight, and serving to close
the holes of the rod when it is not required to introduce metal into the glass.
When I lower the hollow reservoir, and the interior plane comes opposite the
oblique holes in the rod, the workman carries by blowing the powder contained in
the reservoir upon the interior sides of the glass.
My Invention also relates to improvements in moulds for pressing gold or other
metal on to glass. This mould consists,―
Firstly. Of one or more sections which fit each other, and form when combined
a thick and strong mould.
:
Secondly. Of a fine metallic capsule perforated upon the entire or part of its
surface with holes or with perforated designs. This second mould has exactly the
form of the first which serves to receive it. The first of these moulds I coat or
cover on the inner surface by any suitable means with metal, either in the form of.
leaf, or in powder, or with mineral powders capable of resisting fusion. If I desire
to decorate an article by rapid and cheap means I content myself by blowing into
the mould a lump of glass, which on contact with the sides of the interior perforated
mould causes by pressure the glass to pass through the interstices and to come into
contact with the mould No. 1; the mould No. 2 is itself formed of several pieces,
which I detach from the glass after having blown or pressed it, and at the surface
of which is found the metal contained in mould No. 1 in the form of the designs
pierced in the mould No. 2.
I also employ moulds or cylinders, either of wood or of metal, hollow or flat, or
blocks lined or covered witli india-rubber, engraved or not, and suitable to receive
designs of metal, which I press upon the glass, or which I remove from the metal by
means of acids.
The hollow or flat moulds lined on the interior with india-rubber or with other

page_text: yielding material serve only to press the metallic designs upon the glass and fix:
them uniformly.
The moulds; hollow or flat, or of any other form, lined with engraved india-rubber
serve either to print any desired metallic subjects upon glass or to transfer upon
glass covered with metal fatty isolating bodies when I desire to make any
desired decorations or subjects upon glass by dissolving gold by chemical operations
or by covering the surfaces of engraved india-rubber with acids suitable to dissolve,
gold in order to obtain upon glass transparent drawings, of which the ground shall
be of metal and the design of glass.
Flat glass, or glass of any size, may be decorated within its thickness or on its
surface by the means herein-before described.
My Invention also relates to improvements in gas and air burner blow pipes,.
whereby I am enabled to produce a larger and more powerful flame than that
heretofore produced, and am thereby enabled to fuse by the blow pipe larger-
masses of glass than heretofore. For this purpose I cause the air to pass through
a number of small tubes surrounded by a gas tube. The air tubes are connected to
a reservoir or chamber fitted with a tube capable of sliding and fitting air-tight
within the gas tube, and of partially or entirely cutting off the supply of gas, by which
means the proportion of gas and air used may be regulated by the workman in the
act of blowing. A fan wheel is mounted opposite the inner ends of the air tubes to.
diffuse the air and cause it to pass equally through all the tubes; or the gas tube.
may be formed with a reservoir, and the air reservoir may be made to slide air-
tight therein.
The air tubes of these blow pipes communicate with bellows or other blowing
apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Paul Raoul de Faucheux d'Humy in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th August 1878.
PAUL RAOUL DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY, of Litchfield Street, Soho, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF
ARTICLES FORMED OF GLASS, POTTERY, AND METALS, AND OF COMBINATIONS THEREOF,
AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
"
According to the first part of my Invention, I first form an article of any desired
shape of metal wire, or of metallic riband, woven, plaited, or otherwise worked, or
of pierced metal. When of wire or metallic riband woven, plaited, or otherwise
worked, I sometimes connect the parts together where they cross each other by
soldering or by means of a galvanic bath, by which means I increase the strength
of the articles and the thickness of the metal. I then, by means of a blowing rod
take a lump of glass in the state of fusion, and introduce it into the interior of the
metallic article; I then blow it with as much force as possible, so as to cause the.
glass to take the form of the metallic article or exterior, and to pass through the
open meshes or spaces thereof, and stand out in relief therefrom, the metal lying in
hollows or recesses thereby formed in the glass. Or the metal may be replaced by
porcelain or by pottery of any description, or by any other suitable resisting
material.
When using metal I sometimes, by means of a galvanic bath or by other means,
apply thereto a coating of any desired metal for decoration, the articles of metal or
other material into which the glass is to be blown may have an opening at both
ends thereof in order to enable the workman to apply a "pontil" to the glass and
to present the article to the mouth of the furnace when required; by these means I
produce drinking glasses, decanters, objects of art, and various other articles com-
posed of two different bodies, of which the exterior being harder than the fused
glass facilitates the penetration of the glass into the open spaces, and gives the
article in its entirety various decorative effects, protects the glass, and renders it
inseparable in case of fracture.
The second part of my Invention relates to the introduction of solid metal into
the interior of glass. For this purpose I employ a mould, in which I first blow a
piece of glass, I then introduce into this glass an article of metal made in any con-
venient shape, and of which each of its parts is moveable, the one upon the other,
and rests against the side of the glass, I then blow by the free opening glass, which
by the pressure of blowing or by compressed air enlarges the glass, opens out the
metal and encloses it between two layers of glass.
If in place of a regular design I desire simply to obtain the division of the metal
throughout the mass of glass I blow in a cylindrical, conical, or other shaped mould
a piece of glass, which I open at its upper part, and leave in the mould, which is
heated to a high temperature; I repeat the operation in another mould of smaller
diameter than the first, or I simply blow a cylinder, which I allow to cool, or
which I retain hot, and which I cover either totally or partially with leaf or sheet
metal, or with metallic powder, or by any other means, either galvanic or chemical;
this coat of metal should be thin enough to become broken up and divided by the
expansion of the glass; I introduce this last cylinder into the first, which remains
in the heated mould, then into this last cylinder covered with metal I again blow
glass which I have just taken from the furnace, when the three pieces become
attached to each other and form but one piece, consisting of three layers of glass, the
metal being in the centre; I then submit the entire to a high temperature to soften
the glass, and I finish by the ordinary means the article I desire to produce.
My Invention also relates to a mode of obtaining a minute division of metal
amongst the mass of glass, whereby I obtain a highy ornamental appearance. I
proceed, as above explained, by alternating the glass cylinders prepared and not,
}

page_text: prepared with metal, which I introduce one into the other; the diameter and the
height should be about a quarter less than that of the finished article it is desired
to produce, and I take care to retain the cylinder in a horizontal position, but do.
not swing it or elongate it excessively.
To produce regular designs in the body of the glass I use a cylinder or other
shaped piece of glass, which I cover with metal, and by means of a point or suitable
tool I trace upon the metal which I remove any desired design. Or I use a plate
of pierced metal or other material, either flat or of the form of the article I desire to
engrave or decorate, or a cylinder divided throughout its length on each side
enabling it to be separated into two parts; I cover the tube or cylinder, or the sheet
of glass prepared with metal, with the pierced plate above mentioned, or with the
cylinder, which is also pierced with a design, and by a point or other suitable instru-
ment I remove the metal from the glass opposite the openings in the plate or
cylinder following the contour of the design, I introduce the decorated piece into the
interior of another piece of glass, which is contained in a heated mould, and I blow
into this last piece of decorated glass a piece of glass just taken from the furnace,
the three pieces become attached to each other, when I again present the mass to the
mouth of the furnace or to a flame to soften it, then by blowing into the glass the
metal becomes divided but retains the outline of the design, which becomes enlarged
and I finish the article by the ordinary means.
To obtain a design in solid metal, or with continuous surface, without interruption
of lines or divisions in the mass or on the surface of the glass, I take a sheet of
metal, which I cut by any suitable means to the design it is desired to apply to the
surface of the glass or to introduce between two or more thicknesses of glass.
When the metal is required only on the surface of the glass I cover one of the
surfaces of the design in metal with a transparent colorless enamel, and I deposit
it upon the object to be decorated; I cover the entire with a mould sufficiently
heavy and occupying only a part of the surface of the object; I submit the entire
to the heat of a furnace, and the enamel, which is more readily fusible than the
glass, melts at a comparatively low temperature, and attaches the metal to the piece
to be decorated.
When the metal is to be placed in the interior I blow into a mould glass just
taken from the furnace, and I introduce into the newly blown piece the design in
metal; I again blow into the piece of glass containing the metal some glass just
taken from the furnace, when the metal will become held between two layers of
glass, having preserved its entire form.
For pieces of glass of considerable thickness I place the solid metal, cut into
designs, upon an iron table, and I roll the glass upon the said table; the pieces of
metal after being attached to the glass are again covered with another coating of
glass taken from the furnace, I then blow, and the metal is caused to occupy places
at hazard, which forms a decoration. If on the contrary I desire to obtain metal
divided amongst a considerable thickness of glass, but giving to this latter a
harmonious appearance, I commence by blowing glass. taken from the furnace,
which I roll on an iron table prepared with leaf metal, in such manner as to
completely envelope the entire surface of the glass, I cover it again with a coating
of glass taken from the furnace, then I roll it again on an iron table prepared with
a finé metallic powder, and envelope it, again with a coating of glass; I then blow
it and the metal divides, and when I judge that the metal is sufficiently divided,
and when the glass is in a soft state. I again roll it up on a table prepared with leaf
inetal; I again cover it with glass, and I finish the piece by the ordinary means after
having obtained the desired effect.
To obtain designs with metal leaf I prepare a paper which has received a
coating of varnish, or which has simply been soaked with water; I place the paper
on the metal leaf, which I press, so as to cause the metal to adhere to the paper as
uniformly as possible, then when the paper is dry 1 cut it into the forms I desire to
obtain. And upon a cylindrical or other formed glass which has received a coating
or an enamel I place the metallic face of the design cut out of the paper upon the

page_text: prepared glass, then I submit the glass to a great heat, which removes the paper
therefrom by burning it and retains the metal, I then blow into the piece, which
by expanding divides the metal, but which leaves the design enlarged. This work
can be effected in the interior of glass by the means before described.
In place of the metal I can introduce into the glass, and produce thereby
decorative effects by the means before described, powders of magnesia, pottery,
mica, metallic oxides, diamonds, emery, and powders of other materials capable of
resisting high temperatures. I also take a glass tube, which I coat with any
suitable varnish; then I apply to its surface metal leaf, I submit the entire to a
moderate heat until the metal adheres intimately to the glass; with a point I trace
a design upon the metal, which I remove; then after the application of a great heat
I blow the glass, which divides the metal and causes the traced lines to appear;
when the glass is cool I run into the empty lines a varnish or enamel, which I
powder over with a metallic powder; then I cover the entire as uniformly as
possible, with metal leaf; I again heat the piece, the empty lines then appear
brilliant, and the metallic ground remains of a dull tone, the metal being lightly
divided, but not sufficiently so to destroy the design. Upon the entire by means
of a galvanic battery, and upon a design previously prepared, I precipitate upon
the glass a coating of 'metal, solid and thick, which can be filed and engraved,
and forms a relief with sharp lines or angles; the ground of the glass which is
covered with metal presents tones and demi-tones upon the decorated piece.
I obtain regular designs within the substance of excessively thin glass, that is to
say, between two or more thicknesses by the following processes :-I blow a
cylinder or other form of glass extremely thin, I coat the interior of such piece of
glass with a fatty substance, and by means of acids I engrave it comparatively.
deeply; in the cavities produced by the acid I place metal in the form of leaf,
powder, liquid, or paste, or in any other form. I blow another identically similar
piece, but a little thicker, and not so large in diameter; I introduce this last piece
into the engraved piece, then by heat I cause them to unite. Instead of engraving
I can apply designs to the glass by printing...
Instead of using two thicknesses of glass throughout the entire surface of the
article, I sometimes cover the decorated part with an enamel which is very tender,
and either transparent or opaque, and in liquid or in powder, and I submit it to
heat, the enamel in melting covers and protects the metallic particles with a very
fine vitreous coating.
I can further by means of a pellicle of glass which I place upon the decorated
metallic part, and upon which rests a heavy body of the form of the piece, cause it to
adhere by means of heat, and thereby cover with glass the part decorated with metal.
I can also combine and facilitate the adherence of the pellicle of glass by
introducing between it and the decoration a colorless and tender enamel. The
glass pellicle may be engraved, and as explained above, I fill the spaces of the
engraving with metal; I place at the spot desired the enamel, and I then place the
piece of glass either at the exterior or at the interior of the object to be decorated.
To obtain rods or tubes combined with metals, simple or compound, describing
metallic lines, either at the exterior or the interior, I cover with metal small rods or
tubes of glass, which I deposit in a mould in which I compress or blow glass; the
rods or tubes may be alternated with various metals, and when they are drawn
together or separately form metallic lines with various effects, similar to Venice
glass, which is composed only of glasses of different colors.
:
In addition to the aforesaid various processes of decoration by the application
to the surface, or incorporation of metals in the body of the glass, I apply to drinking
glasses a new kind of metal foot in lieu of the ordinary glass foot. This metal foot
is formed either of a small hollow split cylinder a, connected to a metal base or
foot b, as represented at Figure 1, or of several perpendicular metallic rods or wires
a', as represented at Figure 2, united at their base to a metal foot b, but held at
their upper ends at a slight distance from each other by fine wire weaving, so as to
form a series of springs.

page_text: If the glass is terminated by a plain stem, I form an enlargement c at one part of
the glass stem, as represented at Figure 3, which, when applied to the metal foot,
adapts itself to the claws a² at the upper part of the split cylinder a, which
hold the glass, and in some cases the glass stem is ribbed or fluted, as shown at
Figure 4, to fit the wires a¹ of the support, shown at Figure 2.
If the drinking glass is terminated by a tube or hollow stem, I form at one part
of its length an enlargement similar to that marked c, in Figure 3, and in
the centre of the metal rods or wires a', Figure 2, or of the split cylinder a;
Figure 1, I introduce a metal rod or pivot, which enters the tube when I intro-
duce the hollow stem into the support and serves to hold it and prevent
vibration.
I also terminate glasses, vases, and other articles capable of being moulded by a
plain or hollow stem, which is provided with a screw thread d on the exterior, as
shown at Figure 5, and which engages with another screw or spiral e, carried by
the foot or support b, as shown at Figure 6.
My Invention also relates to the production of articles in glass, pottery, and
metals, ornamented on their surface with spun glass, combined with metal or vege-
table threads. I spin glass of any desired color, which I weave, plait, or
otherwise work with metal or with vegetable threads, to which I give any
desired form.
When the glass is woven or otherwise worked with metal, I submit the article
to a degree of heat sufficient to cause the threads of glass to unite amongst them-
selves, and cause the object to preserve its form by the aid of the metal which gives
it support, or I weave or otherwise work the spun glass with vegetable threads; I
cover the whole or part with enamel powder, then I submit it to a heat suffi-
cient to effect the union of the glass, and to consume the vegetable threads; by these
means I execute articles with apertures or interstices therein in imitation of trellis
work, festoons, embroidery, lace, and other articles which it has been heretofore
impossible to produce in glass.
My Invention also relates to the application of glass fabric upon the surface of
objects capable of resisting great heat. For this purpose I take an article of glass
or of other material capable of resisting a temperature sufficiently high. With spun
glass, simple or combined in various colors, I weave or otherwise work on the
surface of the article, either in trellis work or in other designs, until the article is
covered, either in part or entirely, the spun glass being combined with metal or
vegetable threads or being used alone; when I have obtained the desired result, I
submit the article to a great heat, and, if necessary, before submitting it to heat I
cover it with translucent vitrifiable enamel; by these means I obtain brilliant
decorations and imitations of all kinds of fabrics.
By the same process I make pierced or plain handles in spun glass, combined or
not with metal or with vegetable threads, also the feet or the entire object in
imitation of the finest basket work.
My Invention also relates to novel constructions of blowing rods for introducing
metals or mineral powders into the interior of glass at the moment of blowing for
the purposes above described. These blowing rods consist,-
Firstly, as represented at Figure 7, of a hollow iron tube g, in the length of
which is arranged a reservoir h of globular or other form directly on the neck, and
on that side of the reservoir / next the mouth-piece 91 by which the workman
blows the glass; a hole is pierced, in which is fixed either by friction or by screw
another tube i, which communicates with an india-rubber or other ball j which
contains the metal or other mineral powder, which by falling into the reservoir is
carried into the interior of the glass by the act of blowing, and is diffused by
continuing the operation of blowing.
Secondly, as represented at Figure 8, of a hollow metal rod g pierced at its
surface with a series of oblique holes 92, communicating with the interior of the
tube; upon the blowing rod is mounted a chamber or reservoir k, the interior of
which is inclined downwards, and is capable of containing like the first-described

page_text: arrangement metallic or mineral' powders. I also employ another cylinder k¹, the
bore of which is just equal to the diameter of the rod g and capable of sliding
along its entire length air-tight, and serving to close the holes g2 of the rod g when
it is not required to introduce metal into the glass. When I lower the hollow
reservoir and the interior plane comes opposite the oblique holes in the rod the
workman carries, by blowing, the powder contained in the reservoir upon the
interior sides of the glass. The tube or cylinder may be retained in its raised
position by screwing the upper end thereof into the fixed nut g³ when the chamber
or reservoir is cut off from communication with the holes g* in the tube g, thereby
stopping the supply of mineral or other powder as desired.
My Invention also relates to improvements in moulds for pressing gold or other
nietal on to glass. This mould, one form of which is represented at Figures 9, 10,
11, and another at Figures 12 and 13, consists,-
Firstly. Of two or more sections 7, which fit each other and form when combined
a thick and strong mould.
Secondly. Of a fine inetallic capsule m, perforated upon the entire or part of its
surface with holes or with perforated designs m²; this second mould m has exactly
the form of the mould which serves to receive it; the moulds I coat or cover on
the inner surface by any suitable means with metal, either in the form of leaf or in
powder, or with mineral powders capable of resisting fusion. If I desire to decorate
an article by rapid and cheap means I content myself by blowing into the mould a
lump of glass, which on contact with the sides of the interior perforated mould m
causes by pressure the glass to pass through the interstices thereof, and to come into
contact with the mould; the mould m is itself formed of several pieces, which I
detach from the glass after having blown or pressed it, then on the surface of the
glass is found the metal contained in mould in the form of the designs pierced in
the mould m.
I also employ moulds or cylinders either of wood or of metal hollow, as shown
at Figures 14, or flat or blocks lined or covered with india-rubber, engraved or not,
as shown at Figure 15, and suitable to receive designs of metal, which I press upon
the glass, or which I remove from the metal by means of acids.
The hollow or flat moulds, lined on the interior with india-rubber or with other
yielding material, serve only to press the metallic designs upon the glass and fix
them uniformly.
Moulds hollow or flat or of any other form lined with engraved india-rubber
serve either to print any desired metallic subjects upon glass, or to transfer
upon glass covered with metal fatty isolating bodies when I desire to make
any desired decorations or subjects upon glass by dissolving gold by chemical
operations, or by covering the surfaces of engraved india-rubber with acids suitable
to dissolve gold, in order to obtain upon glass transparent Drawings, of which the
ground shall be of metal and the design of glass.
Flat glass or glass of any size may be decorated within its thickness, or on its
surface by the means herein-before described.
My Invention also relates to improvements in gas and air burner blow pipes
whereby I am enabled to produce a larger and more powerful flame than that
heretofore produced, and am thereby enabled to fuse by the blow pipe larger masses
of glass than heretofore. This part of my Invention is shown at Figures 16, 17,
18. For this purpose I cause the air to pass through a number of small tubes n
surrounded by a gas tube o. The air tubes n are connected to a reservoir or
chamber n', fitted with a tube n² capable of sliding, and fitting air-tight within
the gas tube o, and of partially or entirely cutting off the supply of gas passing
into the gas tube o by the supply tube p, by which means the proportion of gas,
and air used may be regulated by the workman in the act of blowing.
A fan wheel q is mounted opposite the inner ends of the air tubes n to diffuse the
air, and cause it to pass equally through all the tubes n; or the gas tube o may be
formed with a reservoir o¹, as shown at Figures 17 and 18, and the air reservoir n'

page_text: may be made to slide air-tight therein. In this case the reservoir m' serves to cut
off either partially or entirely the supply of gas as may be required.
The air tubes of these blow pipes communicate with bellows or other blowing
apparatus.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the mode in which I
carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
manufacture and ornamentation of articles formed of glass, pottery, and metals, and
of combinations thereof, and the improved means or apparatus employed therein,
substantially as herein shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Raoul de Faucheux d'Humy, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
P. R. DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY. (L.S.)