IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Jameson of Akenside Hill in the City and
County of Newcastle upon Tyne Consulting Engineer for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Jameson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1882.
JOHN JAMESON of Akenside Hill in the City and County of Newcastle upon
Tyne Consulting Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE
MANUFACTURE OF COKE
"
My Invention consists of improvements forming the subject of a patent granted
-to-me-dated the Twenty fifth day of April One thousand eight hundred and eighty
two N° 1947 which patent is for a process of extraction of the volatile products
arising from the coking of coal carried on in other respects in an oven of any
ordinary construction and in which the coal is coked in other respects in the
ordinary way with supply of air to the surface to maintain combustion in the
coal coked.
I find that in the coking of coal in the manner referred to, if the exhaustion is
not too great there is very slight if any loss of weight of coke and the pitch is
consolidated in a greater or less degree and left in the lower part of the charge
and thus tends to produce a very hard and dense coke. The pitch however so
retained contains certain valuable products which are therefore lost. I therefore
in cases where from local circumstances or otherwise it is very desirable to obtain
these products supply in the charge of coal a certain quantity of pitch from which
the products referred to have been extracted so as to melt and wash down the
Bore valuable pitch and replace it or I apply a solution of pitch in some of the
less valuable oils for this purpose.
I also find that by continuous and uniform suction limited in extent so as to
avoid cutting passages in the coke produced and wasting it, there is a less yield of
heavy oils and pitch than I think might with advantage be extracted and I
therefore apply a much increased suction for a very short time either once in the

page_text: process of coking or at intervals so as both to consolidate the uncoked coal in the
lower part of the charge and to extract an increased proportion of the heavy oils
and pitch.
I also find that in passing gas into a coke oven in a state of incandescence in
accordance with a part of my previously referred to Invention, if the gas be cold
and in considerable quantity the oven is so cooled as to cease to decompose the
gas I therefore heat the gas to be so supplied or I may so arrange the system of
pipes connected with the oven so that the gas which has passed from one oven
more or less cooled down may be passed to an oven in a more heated state and
from thence if required to a still more highly heated oven so as more perfectly to
deposit its contained carbon.
I find also it is possible to extinguish an oven by the passage of cold gas and as
this is sometimes better than extinguishing by water I arrange to pass gas as last
described so as entirely to extinguish the oven or other cold inert gas such as the
cooled waste gas of the chimney may be used or I may apply steam in the same
way while the charge is very hot so as to extract a part of the sulphur.
I find also that there is, after the oven has become ignited throughout, a
continued yield of hydro-carbon gas and oil which I think arises from condensation
of more or less fluid hydro-carbon in the brickwork bottom of the oven and
probably even in the foundation of it, seeing that by repeated heating and cooling
it becomes more or less opened and porous-I therefore construct the bottom of the
oven so as to be less pervious than usual by the introduction of an iron plate with.
only such quantity of brick work over it as is necessary to preserve it from injury
from the heat and so that there may thus be a diminished reception and a more
rapid and complete discharge of the volatile hydro-carbons condensing in the
manner referred to,-or I may saturate more or less perfectly the porous bottom of
the oven with oils of little value before charging so as more or less to prevent the
absorption of more valuable oils during coking and which inferior oils may on
being volatilised by the descending heat be allowed to pass up through the ignited
mass of coke on the cessation of the exhaustion.
I find also that considerable differences exist in the quality of the products
obtained at different parts of the apparatus according to my previously referred to
Invention which differences I believo arise to a large extent from differences of
temperature and I therefore in using my said Invention arrange for separate
collection of products while using merely the ordinary cooling process or by means
of artificial regulation of temperature
As I find there is also produced a considerable quantity of oil of comparatively
little value either directly or it is separated in the treatment of the tar and oils
by a separate process I employ in certain cases a mixture of this oil and pitch to
supply to the charge at the bottom of the oven while in a highly heated state so as
that the pitch is more or less absorbed and consolidated in the coke and the oil is
caused to pass in the state of vapour through the ignited mass above it and thus to
deposit more or less its contained carbon.
By the process of coking, already referred to and especially if pitch in any way
be used there is produced in the lower part of the oven a dense deposit and I use
this for the consolidation into good coke of a certain quantity of the breeze now
usually wasted the breeze being put into the lower part of the oven before
charging with coal
In place of producing a difference of pressure in different parts of the oven so
as to assist the flow of gas in the same by exhausting from the bottom as described
in the Specification of my before mentioned Patent I may produce this slight
difference of pressure by a gentle pressure in the top of the oven giving with this
slight pressure an adequate supply of air to maintain combustion

page_text: exhausted gas of the oven through different ranges of pipes at different times of
the burning of the charge and either in combination with this or otherwise I may
tap the condenser pipes at intervals so as to extract at one part oils, or ammonia
and oils, condensing at one temperature and at another part or at other parts oils,
or ammonia and oils, condensing at another or other temperatures.
As I find there is also produced a considerable quantity of oil of comparatively
little value either directly or it is separated in the treatment of the tar and oils by
a separate process I employ in certain cases a mixture of this oil and pitch to
supply to the charge at the bottom of the oven while in a highly heated state so as
that the pitch is more or less absorbed and consolidated in the coke and the oil is
caused to pass in the state of vapour through the ignited mass above it and thus to
deposit more or less its contained carbon.
Either in combination with the specios of fractional separation of oils last
described or in connection with any process of separating valuable from inferior
oils I may apply a part of any inferior description of coal oil, either alone or more
or less mixed with pitch by means of the pipes and channels of the oven bottom
and at a stage of the process, when the exhaustion of the oven is completed, the
charge entirely incandescent and the oven bottom very highly heated so as that the
oil or oil and pitch shall enter the pipes and channels and saturate the oven bottom
and be in part distilled into hydro-carbons and these be in part deposited as
carbon on the incandescent coke and the pitch in part of a sufficient quantity be
supplied be converted into pitch coke with the evolution of hydrocarbon gas or
vapour.
By the process of coking already referred to and especially if pitch in any way
be used there is produced in the lower part of the oven a dense deposit and I use
this deposit for the consolidation into good coke of a certain quantity of the breeze
now usually wasted the breezo being put into the lower part of the oven before
charging with coal.-The dense deposit referred to as produced in the process of
coking in the bottom of the oven I believe arises from the soaking down of the
pitchy semi fluid portions of the coal and the oils and that advantage may be taken
of it if desired for the consolidation of a layer of coke breeze introduced into the
oven before the coal. The thickness of the layer which can be so incorporated
into the coke must depend upon the quantity of pitchy ingredients existing in or
supplied to the coal under operation as a very rich coal will take up more and a
poor coal less.
In place of producing a difference of pressure in different parts of the oven so
as to assist the flow of gas in the same by exhausting from the bottom as described
in the Specification of my before mentioned patent I may produce this slight
difference of pressure by a gentle pressure on the top of the oven giving with this
slight pressure an adequate supply of air to maintain combustion I effect this
object while still retaining the advantage derivable from using an open instead of
a close oven by enclosing the whole oven or range of ovens and more or less the
necessary tramways for charging and discharging and space for working within an
approximately air tight structure with double doors and spaces between the doors
and valves to facilitate the opening of the doors and within this structure I
maintain a slight pressure of air derived from a fan or blower I lead tlues from the
oven top or tops through the walls of the before mentioned structure and I lead
pipes from the oven bottom through the walls for the exit of the volatilized
products of the coal carbonized.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is:-
The hereinbefore described improvements in the process of manufacturing coke

page_text: forming the subject of my patent Nº 1947 dated the twenty fifth April, oùë
thousand eight hundred and eighty two, whether applied to that exact process or
to any analagous process of manufacturing coke.
In Witness whereof I the said John Jameson have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal this nineteenth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.
Witness
JOHN BOWMER
Clerk
Forest Hall
JOHN JAMESON (L.S.)