MAKING аци Articles made of Cement with Wire Gauze Laid in.
Year: 1887

page_text: ΤΟΥ
MAKING
аци
Articles made of Cement with Wire Gauze Laid in.
I, DAVID ZISSELER of Wetzlar, Hessen Nassau, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and
German Empire, Manufacturer of Cement tubes do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is the construction of thin walled cement tubes and
other articles made of cement with wire gauze laid in so as to facilitate and render
practicable the manufacture of such tubes or articles.
Figure 1 shows a front view of the machine used to make tubes with wire gauze.
Figure 2 shows a side view. Figure 3 shows the connection of the two ends of the
cylinder a on which the cement for the tubes to be made is carried in front view
Figure 4 being a side view of same. Figure 5 shows the cog wheel of the drum on
which the wire net is wound in side view, and Figure 6 shows a section thereof.
Figure 7 represents a section of the disk which is fastened at both ends of the
cylinder a which disk serves to limit the length and breadth of the layer of cement
carried on the cylinder a. Figure 8 is the front view of this disk. Figure 9 shows
the mode of attachment of a strip of zinc G by the spring H which strip of zinc is
used in setting a socket on the cement tube. Figure 10 shows the arrangement of a
second disk D in section which also serves for setting a socket on the cement tube.
Figure 11 shows a cross-section of a complete cement tube. Figure 12 depicts the
mode of attachment of the wire netting on the cylinder by means of a rail w and a
clamp v. Figure 13 shows the means by which the cement tubes when ready are
taken off from the machine being a view from the left side. Figure 14 shows the
same from the back. Figure 15 shows the same from the right side. Figure 16
shows a cross section of a lucking appliance which serves to secure the upper chain
drum of the taking off appliance.
Figure 17 shows the locking apparatus in longitudinal section.
For the purpose in question amongst others I make use of a cylinder a rolled from

page_text: a sheet of zinc of corresponding thickness the two ends of this cylinder are held
together by a locking appliance. On this cylinder the layers of cement are borne.
The locking apparatus consists of two conical shaped metal or wood laths bb fitted
to the long sides of the sheet of zinc and each having two screws or rivet bolts c c
which serve to receive the connecting plates d d (Figure 3) which are fitted on a third
lath 61 also of conical shape.
These conical laths 6 6 6₁ serve to lock the cylinder and have the advantage that
they can be opened or closed in a moment by a handle.
Upon each of the two ends of the cylinder (thus formed) a a cast iron disk e¹
provided with a central rectangular aperture and a projecting bordering e is set
(Figures 7 and 8). This projecting bordering gives the thickness of the wall of the
cement tube to be made. Through the rectangular apertures f in the two disks e¹
a rectangular beam g is placed (Figure 1) on the two ends of which the disks e' are
immoveably wedged by wedges h. The cylinder thus formed the diameter of which
corresponds to the internal diameter of the cement tube to be formed is now placed
on the machine shown in Figures 1 and 2 in such a way that the two ends of the
beam g are caught by forked shaped carriers i the shafts k k of which rest in the
bearings of the machine frame m.
On the carriers ii adjusting screws n n are fitted which go through the beam g
and hold the latter firm so that the cylinder a is set in rotation by turning the crank v
by means of the worm p and the toothed wheel q (Figure 1) fitted on to the shaft k.
At the back part of the machine frame m a shaft r is fitted upon which the wire
gauze s to be laid in the cement tubes is rolled. Upon the shaft r there is also
another toothed disk on the axis of which a pulley x runs loosely and is held by a
pawl which gears with the toothed disk.
The aforesaid wire gauze s is carried over a roller u resting upon two side
cheeks t t of the machine frame and the end of the gauze s by means of clamps v
(figures 7 and 8) and by means of a rail w extending over the entire breadth of
the cylinder a (figure 12) is screwed on tight to the two end disks e¹ of the
cylinder a.
The process of manufacture of these cement tubes with wire gauze laid in is as
follows:-
9.
In the first place the inner cement wall is formed for which purpose the cement is
placed on the cylinder a to the extent of half the thickness of the wall and the
cylinder is then slowly turned by means of the crank v worm p and toothed wheel
The wire gauze s will then lay itself firmly on the layer of cement and the weight y
which runs over the pulley x gives the wire gauze the requisite tension, see Figure 2.
If the weight y is raised up as high as the pulley x it will be let down again by
releasing the catch when the catch is replaced the tension of the wire gauze
recommences. By means of the crank z the wire gauze is drawn up on to the
shaft r.
The inner cement wall being now formed the gauze is cut off the two ends are
fastened together the clamps are released and the lath w is taken off. To form the
outer tube wall a second layer of cement is now laid on of such thickness that the
layer of cement reaches the same height as the border disk e the process above
described is then repeated. In order that during the revolution of the cylinder
the cement does not fall off by shaking an endless cloth B running over three
rollers A A A is arranged. The two upper rollers A A rest in adjustable bearings CC
while the lower rollers A rolls freely over the cloth B see Figures 1 and 2. By the
weight of the latter roller the cloth is pressed between the rollers on to the layer of
cement and thus prevents the stuff from falling off. If now a socket is to be made
on the tube before placing the cylinder a in the machine the corresponding larger
socket disk D (Figures 1, 9 and 10) and another ring D2 are pressed by means of a
wedge E against the disk e¹ which rests on the beam G. Now a leather strip of
suitable thickness F is laid round the disk e¹ and upon this again is laid a strip of
zinc G held together by springs H.
The laying of the cement layer to half the thickness of the wall the winding of the

page_text: wire gauze and the placing of the outer cement layer are performed in the already
described way also when making sockets.
If it is desired to make tubes of greater solidity and for that purpose to put in
more layers of wire gauze the gauze is not cut off until after the second or third
revolution of the cylinder (according to the number of layers desired) and then the
outer cement layer is put on.
In lifting the heavy tubes when ready out of the machine the double crane shown
in Figures 13 to 17 is used which essentially consists of the vertical axle I turning in
step bearings on which are fitted two chain drums geared together by means of a
toothed wheel. The chains carried over each roller L L are provided with a bolt K
which bolts are placed through the axle g of the cylinder a and are attached to the
former by pins. The cylinder is now lifted out in a horizontal position the crane is
turned 90 degrees the lower catch M gearing with the toothed wheel N is released
while the toothed wheel O of the upper winder or winch is released by the releasing
appliance yet to be described so that the toothed wheel O turns loosely on the shaft P
by means of the crank Q the lower winder is let go and the cylinder a is thus
lowered at one side and brought into a vertical position. The shaft P of the upper
winder is meanwhile held firm by the latch S catching in the cog wheel R.
The aforesaid releasing apparatus (Figures 16 and 17) consists of a shoulder T
fitted to the axis of the cog-wheel O in the space of which U the bolt V gearing in
the slots or recesses W of the shaft P moves about. A bolt x fastened on the knob Z
remains in an opening y so long as the shaft P is in connection with the toothed
wheel O. But if this connection is to be sovered the bolt V is raised by means of
the knob Z and is slightly turned to the right or left until the little bolt reaches the
upper edge of the shoulder T. Thus the wheel O is disconnected from the shaft P
so that it can revolve with the toothed wheel O' of the lower winder which is still
in gear while the shaft P of the upper winder is held fast by the catch S.
As soon as the completed cement tube hanging on the crane is brought from a
horizontal to a vertical possition the upper winder is again brought into operation by
making the bolt V gear with the shaft. The cement tube is then let down into a
trolley with small wheels (or other suitable carriage) kept ready at hand it is then
drawn aside and after sufficient hardening of the cement it is freed from its inner
cylinder a by loosening the disks e¹ the plates d and by removing the centre conical
lath b which is attached to the plate d.
By keeping several cylinders ready directly one tube is made and lifted out of
the machine another one may be commenced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In machines for making cement tubes with wire gauze laid in the cylinder
fastening consisting of the three conical laths 66 6' the connecting plates d d the
disks ee in combination with the disk D and ring D³ to be used for sockets
substantially as set forth.
2. In machines for making cement tubes with wire gauze laid in the machine used
for putting on the layers of cement and laying in the wire gauze consisting of the
carriers i resting on a frame m the gauze shaft r provided with pulley and toothed
sheaves and the endless cloth running over two adjustable rollers a a which cloth
by the weight of a third roller A running free on it is pressed between the top
roller A A on the cement layer to prevent the cement falling off substantially as set
forth.
3. The above described process for the production of cement bodies with wire gauze
laid in of various kinds such as tubes with or without sockets hollow bricks for walls
and vaults sink boxes for pipe laying vessels for preserving fluids pantiles and other
similar or analogous structures by means of the machine hereinbefore fully described
and represented in the drawings annexed.

page_text: 4. For lifting the cement tubes when made out of the machine hereinbefore described
and claimed the application of a crane with two winches the upper one being provided
with a releasing apparatus consisting of the shoulder T with the space U the bolt V
in combination with the slots or recesses W of the shaft P and the small bolt x
substantially as set forth.