Resulting from the Combustion of Fuel in the Motor.
Year: 1885

page_text: Resulting from the Combustion of Fuel in the Motor.
We NICHOLAS PROCTER BURGH of 243 Kennington Road in the Parish of
Lambeth and County of Surrey Consulting Engineer, and ANDREW GRAY of
17 Laurence Pountney Lane in the City of London and County of Middlesex,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOTORS ACTUATED BY THE EXPANSION OF GASES RESULTING FROM THE
COMBUSTION OF FUEL IN THE MOTOR" to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists of a suitable arrangement of mechanical details where
materials capable of generating an explosive or expansive gas or gases are sought
to be utilized as a Motor either alone or by the combination of the atmosphere or
vapour, oxygen or any other suitable gas or gases.
It has been proved that the compound substance or material known as "Gun
Cotton" and other classes of explosives, can be made to explode with great force
in vacuo, while in the " open air" their ignition becomes almost harmless as an
explosive agent or force. So that if the agent employed be combined with the
atmosphere a modified result will be produced in the forms of explosive to
expansive gases and thus be more effective as a motor or generator of power.
The substances or materials to be employed as a motor may be either in a solid
or semi-solid state, that is in a granulated form or as cord or tape, and should
either of the latter forms be preferred we propose that a cylinder be formed with
a hollow "shoe" at the bottom or top thereof as the case may be, and in this
"shoe"
plug of suitable length or section as required, grooved so as to admit of
the atmosphere when drawn out. At the inner end of the plug a cavity or cell is
formed, in which the explosive is placed or contained before being exploded, and
the said cavity when the plug is "full" in the "shoe" is at the centre of the
cylinder aforesaid at the bottom or top. About midway of the length of the
"shoe" we provide a small space or chamber (in communication with the aforesaid
groove in the plug) into which the cord, tape or other material is dropped and
thence into the cavity in the plug which is drawn out to fit the space or chamber.
The movement of the plug is forward and backward which is caused by means of
an eccentric or lever motion or other suitable mechanism from any part of the main
machine. The amount of cord or tape to be used for each stroke of the piston and
revolution of the crank pin is regulated by means of a self acting knife or shears
moved or actuated by levers, eccentrics, cams, or crank motions, whereby the cord
or tape is cut into such lengths as are required according to the particular power to
be produced. Toothed feeders or small wheels regulate the speed of the cord or

page_text: tape into the space or chamber in correspondence with the motion of the knife
or shears, in fact the motion of the wheels and knife or shears are common to
each other and can be regulated together as required by any ordinary mechanical
arrangement. .
The cord or tape is wound around a disc or reel and can thus by a guide, pulley
or pullies, be conveyed between the feed wheels. Should a solid ingredient be
used a shoot or tube or other suitable appliance would be substituted for a knife
or shears, and a revolving perforated disc to admit each portion of the compound
as required, and a reservoir or box in place of a reel would be used.
The explosion of the cotton or other material in the plug cavity under the piston
rod in the cylinder is caused by a heated rod passing in and out uniformly with
the movement of the plug, and on entering the cavity containing the required
quantity of the cotton or solid or other material this rod on piercing the same
causes the explosion and also the movement up or down of the piston rod as the
case may be. On the ascent or descent of the rod the exploded or expanded gas
must escape to enable which a space or chamber is made, at the end of the stroke
of the piston rod, with the cylinder of such size as is requisite to relieve the return
motion of the rod and perforations in the chamber enable the final exit of the said
gas; or non-return valves may be used if required.
The heating of the exploding rod to the temperature required is attained either
by friction or by being passed through a flame or by electricity or otherwise.
The piston is by its rod connected to a lever fixed at the opposite end on a shaft
or pin supported in bearings contained in the frame work of the machine or engine.
At any convenient point at or between the ends of the lever is connected a rod,
attached to a crank pin belonging to or forming part of a shaft or connection
situated at any distance above or below the lever, and on this shaft or connection
is a wheel of suitable dimensions either toothed or flat on the rim to be used as a
"driver" to actuate the main driving shaft of the machine or engine, or if preferred
pulleys of any kind with endless bands, links or chains can be used on or for each
shaft or shafts.
The piston in the cylinder can be single or double action from the gas or gases
acting on one or both ends of the piston so as to produce the two motions forward
and backward or up and down according to the relative situations of the cylinder.
When the gas in the cylinder is used single acting on one end of the piston rod
only, then the lever is connected to a spring at any point at or between the two
ends according to what may be found to be the most suitable position. This
spring can be "curvular" in section as in a railway carriage spring, or spiral or
as a worm or screw. To drive or impel the machine or engine two or more of the
aforesaid apparatus may be used similarly, as two or more cylinders and their
details are used for one steam engine.
The application of this mechanism for the purpose as herein described can be
adapted for machines of all classes needing propulsion and the cylinder with its
connections can be fixed or used horizontally, vertically or at any angle as may be
found most suitable for the particular purpose intended; when used for marine
purposes the cylinder can be secured in any position in the hull of the vessel.
The starting, stopping and reversing gear can be suitably arranged and connected
to the piston rod or elsewhere in any machine whether intended for land or marine
purposes.

page_text: Resulting from the Combustion of Fuel in the Motor.
We NICHOLAS PROCTOR BURGH of 243 Kennington Road in the Parish of
Lambeth and County of Surrey Consulting Engineer and ANDREW GRAY of
17 Laurence Pountney Lane in the City of London & County of Middlesex,
Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This Invention consists of a suitablė arrangement of mechanical details where
materials capable of generating an explosive or expansive gas or gases are sought
to be utilized as a motor either alone or by the combination of the atmosphere or
vapour oxygen or any other suitable gas or gases.
It has been proved that the compound substance or material known as "gun
cotton" and other classes of explosives can be made to explode with great force in
vacuo while in the "open air" their "ignition" becomes almost harmless as an
explosive agent or force. So that if the agent employed be combined with the
atmosphere, a modified result will be produced in the forms of explosive to
expansive gases and thus be more effective as a motor or generator of power.
The substance or material to be employed as a motor may be either in a solid or
semi-solid state, that is in a granulated form or as cord or tape.
In the accompanying Drawings Sheet 1 Fig. 1 is a vertical section Fig. 2 a plan
taken on the line A B.-Fig. 3 is a cross transverse section on the line C D.
Fig. 4 is a similar section on the line E F. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the
vertical section Fig. 1. In each of the several figures the following letters of
reference correspond.
A is the cylinder formed with a hollow shoe B in which a sliding plug C is
contained. In connection with the shoe is a lamp D containing spirits oil or other
matter to cause a steady flame therein by wick or otherwise. E is a piston rod or
plunger that works in the cylinder A from the shoe end vertically to the chamber F,
the said chamber being perforated in a suitable manner so as to allow the escape or
exhaust of the gas or gases used.
The material G shewn as circular or in the form of a cord used as a motive
power is in this case wound around or contained within a reel G¹ as shown
supported or carried by arms H. H. formed with or connected to the cylinder A-
the guiding of the material contained in the reel is by a pulley J and the actuation
of the said material is caused by the two smaller pullies or feeders K K' which are
grooved or roughed on their faces so as to bite or move forward the material
aforesaid. These feeders are set in motion by a ratchet or toothed wheel L keyed
on the pin of the lower feeder K¹ or formed therewith.
The feed pullies and ratchet wheels are shewn in detail on Sheet 2 on an enlarged
scale with the same letters of reference.
Between the said feed wheels and the side of the cylinder is provided a knife M
or cutter having a chiseling or cutting action that cuts or severs into suitable
lengths the material G which then drops into the chamber N and cavity C¹³,

page_text: When the sliding plug C is drawn out, the cavity C¹ in the said plug is directly
under the chamber N, which is in communication with the atmosphere by the
groove or channel in the plug C; and if necessary the said chamber N can be
supplied with a larger quantity of air by means of a pump or otherwise.
When the portion of the material G is cut off by the knife M it falls into the 5
cavity C in the plug, the plug then is caused to return so that the cavity C¹³ is
directly under the piston rod E.
When the material to be used as a motor is in small solids or a granulated form,
a reservoir or box to contain the same is employed instead of the reel G¹, and a
movable perforated disc is substituted for the knife M to regulate the admission of 1
the material into the cavity C³.
The ignition of the material contained in the said cavity C₁ is caused by a
wire that passes through the back end of the plug. This wire O is heated to
the required temperature by the flame or flames contained in the lamp D. (The
said lamp is shewn on an enlarged scale on sheet 2 as at Figs. 4. 5. 6) on the 1
ignition of the said material in the cavity C¹ and consequent explosion and
expansion of the gas the piston rod E is impelled in the direction required, the
rod E being connected as hereinafter described and illustrated.
Another form of motor is shewn at Fig. 6 in which instead of a solid rod or
plunger E throughout as at Fig. 1 a deep hollow piston P is connected to the
piston rod E. The hollow piston P is packed at its lower part either with spring
rings as shown or with any other suitable packing; above this portion of the
piston perforations or openings are made therein to allow of the escape or exhaust
of the gas or gases into the chamber F when the piston is within the said
chamber F the perforations or openings in the said chamber and piston respectively
being then in communication with each other.
In Sheet 2 Figure 1 is a sectional view of a launch or boat shewing an arrange-
ment of the Motor as applied to screw propulsion Figure 2 a plan and Fig. 3 an
end elevation.
The Motors or Cylinders A. A are shewn on each side of the centre line of
the hull.
It will be seen that the pistons are by their rods E. E connected to levers Q
supported on bearings R. R. connected to the main frame S. Attached to the
levers are connecting rods T which actuate or move the cranks U and cause the
shafts V to revolve: the flywheels W-assisting to overcome the two dead centres
of the crank pin in conjunction with the springs X X
The screw shaft Y. is fitted with duplicate pullies Z connected, by bands chains or
other means a to pullies b fixed on the shafts V. It will therefore be understood
that the levers Q are raised by the expansive agent contained in the cylinder A
and the return action of the levers is caused by the springs X X. The fly
wheels therefore act as mediums or accelerators between the Motor and the springs.
Figure 4 is a side. elevation. Fig. an end view and Fig. 6 a sectional plan of
the lamp D (as shewn connected in position at Figs. 1-2-3 & 4 Sheet 1).
The slides c c are connected together by the wire d so that on motion being
given from the shaft Y the rod d slides to and fro in the plug O. It will therefore
be understood that no side action of the atmosphere can occur because the slides
always cover the opening within which the cross bar of the rod moves or works;
the remaining portion of the lamp may be as shewn, or any other suitable
arrangement or shape may be employed.
Figures 7 & 8 are enlarged views in sections of the ratchet wheel L & the feed
gear K K¹
.
The actuation or movement of the ratchet wheel is caused by a pawl or any
other similar appliance deriving motions from the shafts YY. The stoppage of
the motion of the ratchet L can always be accomplished by the lifting of the pawl
or such other appliance as may be used.
Sheet 3 Figure 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 is a plan, and Fig. 8 is an end view
of a tricycle or carriage, that is driven or impelled by the action of the Motors A A.

page_text: It will be noticed that the arrangements of the working details are precisely the
same as shewn on Sheet 2 as far as the mechanical application is concerned.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a vertical engine that is actuated or driven by the
Motor A. This arrangement is so simple that it only needs to refer to the spring X
contained in the upper part of the frame e which acts precisely in the same manner
as shewn and described in Fig. 1 Sheet 2.
The cylinder A can also be used in a horizontal position, in which case the
plug C must be made to work parallel with the movement of the piston E, and the
position of the other working parts arranged to correspond therewith.
If found necessary or desirable in order to keep the said Motor A sufficiently
cool it can be enclosed in a casing to contain air or water, or any other suitable
means may be employed for that purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is,
1. The plug C and the knife M with their gearing, substantially as herein
described and shewn in figures 1 and 6 of the Drawings on sheet 1. herewith.
2. The lamp D with its sliding covers or sides that connect the rod or wire d so
that upon motion being given to the slides the rod moves also, substantially as
herein described and shewn in figures 4, 5 and 6 of the Drawings on sheet 2,
herewith.
3. The mechanical arrangement of the piston P, the flywheels W the levers Q
and the springs X X, in combination with the plug C the knife M (or the
perforated disc when used instead thereof) and the lamp D and their gearing
whereby an explosive material, solid or otherwise, either alone or along with the
atmosphere can be taken and converted from an explosive to an expansive gas
and utilized as a Motor substantially as herein described and shewn by the
Drawings herewith.
Dated this simbah
T
1000