Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1887
Complete Left, 14th Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 25th May, 1888
I JAMES WADSWORTH of 38 Park Street, Cheetham, Manchester, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a novel and simple arrangement for increasing the heating
surface in the furnaces of steam and other boilers and in apparatus for superheating
steam or heating air whereby the heat of the fire is absorbed more effectually than in
boilers or similar apparatus as heretofore constructed. It also refers to small boilers
heated by gas.
In performing my invention 1 employ angular cast iron arms by preference with
two passages formed in them for the circulation of water or steam. These angular
arms are attached to the bottom of the boiler near the outside and branch inwards in
a transverse horizontal direction.
From either side of these arms branch outwards a series of gills or plates with
small passages formed in them arranged parallel to each other in the same horizontal
plane and between which the flames or heat of the furnace burning beneath pass, and
then impinge upon the bottom of the boiler to which they are attached or of which
they form part. I employ a series of these angular arms to form the heat absorbing
surface as aforesaid, their interiors being divided by a division into two passages each
communicating with the cylinder above to ensure a perfect circulation of the water
therethrough. In this manner I secure not only a large heat absorbing surface by
reason of the gills or plates which conduct the heat to the water circulating through
the passages formed in the arms and gills as aforesaid but I also obtain the further
heating effect of the products of combustion on the bottom of the boiler.
In another arrangement I employ a longitudinal cylindrical vessel forming the
main body of the boiler and from the bottom of which depend a series of single or
double angular arms each having two passages formed in them for the circulation of
the water or steam and all forming one casting with the main vessel.
In some
cases these angular arms may constitute the sides or walls of the furnace. The afore-
said single or double angular arms are equally applicable to existing boilers,

page_text: The fire bars of this last mentioned arrangement of my improved boiler may also
be formed in one casting with the above and consist of horizontal plates or gills
projecting inwards from either side of the angular arms above described and which
almost meet in the centre. 1 thus enclose a space beneath the main cylinder which
constitutes the furnace of the boiler.
A modification of this improved construction of cast iron boiler with gill plates
forming one casting therewith and which act as heat absorbing surfaces is applicable
in the construction of back or bath boilers for the back of kitchen or other fireplaces
but in this case I prefer the gill plates to be vertically arranged and to branch from
the bottom of the enclosed water passage which is arranged obliquely at the back of
the fire with the flow pipe taken off the highest and the return pipe taken off the
lowest end thereof and the same description of gill plates may depend from the
bottom of and form one casting with an ordinary open or wash boiler and thus con-
siderably increase the heating power thereof.

page_text: 1, JAMES WADSWORTH of 38 Park Street, Cheetham, Manchester, Machinist do
hereby declare the nature of this my said invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention relates to a novel and simple arrangement for increasing the heating
surface in the furnaces of steam and other boilers and in apparatus for superheating
steam or heating air whereby the heat of the fire is absorbed more effectually than
in boilers or similar apparatus as heretofore constructed. It also refers to small
boilers heated by gas.
In performing my invention I employ angular cast iron arms by preference with
two passages formed in them for circulation of water or steam and from either side
of which arms branch outwards a series of gills or plates with small passages formed
in them arranged parallel to each other in the same horizontal plane and between
which arms the flames or heat of the furnace burning beneath pass and then impinge
upon the bottom of the boiler to which they are attached or of which they form
part.
I employ a series of these angular arms to form the heat absorbing surface as
aforesaid their interiors being divided by a division into two passages each com-
municating with the cylinder above to ensure a perfect circulation of the water
therethrough.
In this manner I secure not only a large heat absorbing surface by reason of the
gills or plates which conduct the heat to the water circulating through the passages
formed in the arms and gills as aforesaid but I also obtain the further heating effect
of the products of combustion on the bottom of the boiler.
In the arrangement represented by front sectional view Fig. 1 and side sectional
view Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawing I employ a longitudinal cylindrical vessel A
forming the main body of the boiler and from the bottom of which depend a series
of single or double angular arms B each having two passages (C and D formed in
them for the circulation of the water or steam and all forming one casting with the
main vessel A. As illustrated these angular arms B constitute the sides or walls of
the furnace whilst the fire-bars consist of horizontal extensions E projecting inwards
from opposite sides of such angular arms and which almost meet in the centre as
illustrated in Fig. 1. I thus enclose a space F beneath the main cylinder A which
constitutes the furnace of the boiler. Fig. 3 is a plan view and Fig. 4. a transverse
section of part of a heating apparatus arranged and constructed in accordance with
my improvements and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the same apparatus.
In all the views g is a branch pipe leading from the main boiler, water-tank or
other vessel and opening into a longitudinal passage h running the length of my
improved apparatus in alternate directions (one above the other see Fig. 4) and
terminating in an outlet branch pipe leading back to the same source or vessel.
From either side of these passages branch outward a series of hollow arms or gills i

page_text: each having two passages j and formed in them for the circulation of the water or
steam and all forming one casting.
This apparatus being suitably enclosed in any heating furnace or oven is applicable
as a primary or auxiliary apparatus for generating steam, superheating steam or
heating air or other fluid-also for heating feed water or other liquids. It may also
be used as a fire-bar and auxiliary heating apparatus for furnaces.
It will be obvious that this apparatus could equally well be employed as a con-
denser or for cooling purposes.
In Fig. 6 I illustrate a side sectional view and in Fig. 7 an inverted plan-view of
a modification of my invention arranged in a compact form as a "radiator" or
warming apparatus to be heated by steam or hot water. In this arrangement I also
employ a pair of longitudinal passages and m running in alternate horizontal
directions and terminating in the inlet and outlet orifices or branches n and o
respectively.
From the lower passage m depend a series of my improved hollow arms or gills p
arranged by preference in the same vertical plane and each having two passages q
and formed in them for the circulation of the water or steam employed as the
heating medium.
Fig. 8 is a front sectional view and Fig. 9 a side exterior view of a vertical
radiator having double arms s (each having two passages and u formed in them)
branching from each side of a vertical passage v.
A modification of this improved construction of cast iron boiler with hollow gill-
plates forming one casting therewith and which act as heat absorbing surfaces is
applicable in the construction of back or bath boilers for the back of kitchen or other
fire places.
In this improved back boiler which is illustrated by front and side sectional views
in Figs. 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawing I prefer the gill bollow plates A to
be vertically disposed and to branch from the bottom of the enclosed water passage B
which is arranged at the back of the fire with the flow pipe C taken off the highest
and the return pipe D taken off the lowest part thereof. Each of the gill plates A is
internally divided by a division plate E into two passages as illustrated. The same
description of gill plates may be arranged to depend from the bottom of and form one
casting with an ordinary open or wash boiler and thus considerably increase the
heating powers or surface thereof.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1st. The improvements in or applicable to hot water and other boilers substantially
as hereinbefore described.
2nd. In the construction of boilers or other heating apparatus (whether primary
or auxiliary) the employment of hollow cast iron arms having two passages formed
in them substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated
on the accompanying drawing.
3rd. The improved constructions of back or bath boilers and other apparatus for
heating liquids or fluids substantially as herein before described and illustrated on the
accompanying drawing.