Improvements in Sanitary and other Pipes.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Sanitary and other Pipes.
1, ARTHUR WAKEFIELD, of 39 Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster,
Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In laying continuous lengths of socketed earthenware sanitary pipes, it is diffi-
cult to maintain a true level or gradient throughout the entire length by reason
of the bedding of the spigot end of the following pipe in the socket being
imperfect, there being no absolutely solid point or points on which the said spigot
end may rest, the usual bed being either cement or a strand of hemp or the like,
embedded in clay or otherwise, or other equivalent devices.
Now the object of my invention is to so form the socket of the pipe that the
spigot end of the next pipe may have certain and fixed points of support, in
addition to the usual cement or other bedding or filling, so that a true and effective
level or grade may be secured for the invert, for which purpose I mould the
bedding or lower portion of the socket into a series of short corrugations running
in the direction of the length of the pipe, say to the number of three or more,
the points or ridges formed by such corrugations rising to a circumferential line
corresponding with the lower or outer circumference of the spigot, thus forming
points of certain support for the same, the bed now presenting a ridge and valley
formation.
The internal face of the corrugations at their lowest point will correspond
with the usual contour of the socket, the remainder of which, together with the
valleys of the corrugated portion is filled with cement in the usual way, for the
purpose of making a close joint. After the pipe has left the mould, I cut or
plough through the ridges formed as before described with a transverse or circum-
ferential corrugation so leaving a number of certain points, say eight or more,
on which the spigot end may rest, and is thereby prevented from sinking into the
cement which forms the bedding, and surrounds the spigot end.
For the purpose of more readily pouring in the cement filling and so making
an effective joint, I form say three holes in the socket, one at the crown, and one
at each side, at about one third of the depth of the pipe, or thereabouts, and when.
several pipes are duly laid in position and clayed up, I pour in the liquid cement
through the two side holes, or one of them, until the space is full, up to the
position of the said side holes, which are then clayed up, and when the cement is set
or nearly so, I fill up the remaining portion through the hole in the crown, thus
ensuring a thorough joint without the use of mastic or other linings.
Instead of corrugating the socket as before described, I may leave the socket
plain and corrugate the lower portion, or one side of the outer surface of the
pipe, throughout the whole of its length, (or the whole outer surface of the pipe

page_text: may be corrugated if desired) and transversely corrugate the spigot end of these
corrugations to obtain a similar result.
The pipe is dried and burnt in the usual manner.
M
1005
improvements in Sanitary and other Pipes.
I, ARTHUR WAKEFIELD, of 39 Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster,
Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
I shall, for the purpose of more clearly explaining the nature of my invention,
refer to a sheet of drawings attached hereto and to the figures and letters of
reference thereon.
Figure 1 is an end view of the socket of a pipe prepared according to my inven-
tion together with a section of the spigot end of the following pipe.
Figure 2 is a section through line A-A on Figure 1.
Figure 3 a section through line B-B, Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of socket showing corrugations and transverse
corrugations.
Figure 5 is a view of the spigot portion of a pipe prepared in accordance with
a modification or equivalent of my invention.
In laying continuous lengths of socketed earthenware sanitary pipes, it is diffi-
cult to maintain a true level or gradient throughout the entire length by reason
of the bedding of the spigot end of the following pipe in the socket being imperfect,
there being no absolutely solid point or points on which the said spigot end may
rest, the usual bed being either cement or a strand of hemp or the like, embedded
in clay or otherwise, or other equivalent devices.
Now the object of my invention is to so form the socket of the pipe that the
spigot end of the next pipe may have certain and fixed points of support, in
addition to the usual cement or other bedding or filling, so that a true and
effective level or grade may be secured for the invert, for which purpose I mould
the bedding or lower portion of the socket C into a series of short corruga-
tions E E E running in the direction of the length of the pipe, say to the number
of three or more, the points or ridges D D D D formed by such corrugations EEE
rising to a circumferential line corresponding with the lower or outer circum-
ference of the spigot F, thus forming points D D of certain support for the same,
the bed now presenting a ridge and valley formation.
The internal face of the corrugations at their lowest point will correspond with
the usual contour of the socket, the remainder of which H, together with the
valleys E E E of the corrugated portion, is filled with cement in the usual way,
for the purpose of making a close joint. After the pipe has left the mould, I cut
or plough through the ridges formed as before described with a transverse or
circumferential corrugation J, Figures 2 and 4, so leaving a number of certain
points say eight or more, on which the spigot end may rest, and is thereby pre-
vented from sinking into the cement which forms the bedding, and surrounds the
spigot end.
For the purpose of more readily pouring in the cement filling and so making

page_text: an effective joint, I form say, three holes in the socket, one K at the crown, and
one at each side, L, M, at about one third of the depth of the pipe or thereabouts,
and when several pipes are duly laid in position and clayed up, I pour in the
liquid cement through the two side holes, or one of them, until the space is filled
up to the position of the said side holes, which are then clayed up, and when the
cement is set or nearly so, I fill up the remaining portion through the hole in the
crown thus ensuring a thorough joint without the use of mastic or other linings.
Instead of corrugating the socket as before described, I may leave the socket
plain and corrugate the lower portion, or one side, of the outer surface of the
pipe, throughout the whole or a portion of its length, (or the whole outer surface
of the pipe may be corrugated if desired) and transversely corrugate the spigot
end of these corrugations to obtain a similar result, as shown by Figure 5.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In earthenware and like sanitary pipes a horizontally corrugated (or partially
corrugated) socket having the ridges of such corrugations re-corrugated or
ploughed centrally or thereabouts in the transverse or circumferential direction
of the socket substantially as described in the foregoing specification and as
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
2. In earthenware or other like sanitary pipes corrugating horizontally the
whole or a portion of the external face length of the spigot of a pipe and re-
corrugating or ploughing the said horizontal corrugations transversely or circum-
ferentially substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by Figure 5
of the accompanying drawings.
3. A sanitary pipe having a horizontally corrugated socket, re-corrugated or
ploughed transversely or circumferentially and provided with three holes, one at
the crown, and one at either side for pouring in cement substantially as herein-
before described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 9th day of Au 1907
STANLEY, POPPLEWELL & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents, 61, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.