AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY HERETOFORE EMPLOYED IN SPINNING MILLS IN THE CARDING OF COTTON AND OTHER WOOL, WHEREBY THE TOP CARDS ARE REGULARLY STRIPPED AND KEPT CLEAN BY THE OPERATION OF THE MACHINERY WITHOUT THE AGENCY OF HAND LABOUR
Year: 1823

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARCHIBALD
BUCHANAN, of Catrine Cotton Works, one of the partners of the house of
James Finlay and Company, Merchants in Glasgow, send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said Archibald Buchanan, did, by my Petition, humbly
represent unto His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth
that I had invented "AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY HERETOFORE EMPLOYED IN
SPINNING MILLS IN THE CARDING OF COTTON AND OTHER WOOL, WHEREBY THE TOP
CARDS ARE REGULARLY STRIPPED AND KEPT CLEAN BY THE OPERATION OF THE
MACHINERY WITHOUT THE AGENCY OF HAND LABOUR," that I was the first and true
Inventor of the said improvement, and that the same had not been practised
or used by any other person or persons, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
and praying that His Majesty would be graciously pleased to grant unto me,
my exors, admors, and assigns, His Royal Letters Patent under the Great
Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, for the sole use,
benefit, and advantage of my said improvement within that part of His
Majesty's United Kingdom called England, His Dominion of Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the term of fourteen years, pursuant to the
Statute in that case made and provided: and whereas His Majesty, being willing
to give encouragement to all arts and inventions which might be for the public
good, was graciously pleased to condescend to my request, and by His Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of December,
in the fourth year of His reign, did, of His especial grace, certain knowledge,
and mere motion, give and grant unto me, the said Archibald Buchanan, my

page_text: exors, adiňors, and assigns, His special licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Archibald Buchanan, my exors, admors, and
assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their
deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Archibald
Buchanan, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend my said Invention within that part of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to me, the said Archibald Buchanan,
my exors, admors, and assigns, or any of them, should in my or their dis-
cretions seem meet, and that I, the said Archibald Buchanan, my exors, admors,
and assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit,
commodity, and advantage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and
arising by reason of the said Invention, for and during the term of years therein
mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, privileges,
and advantages therein-before granted or mentioned to be granted unto me,
the said Archibald Buchanan, my exors, admors, and assigns, for and during
and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of the said
Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be completed and
ended according to the Statute in such case made and provided; in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if I, the said Archibald Buchanan,
should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, that then the
said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby
granted, should utterly cease and determine and become void, anything
therein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding,
as in and by the said Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Archibald Buchanan, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same may be performed. And,
in order that it may be clearly understood, I have represented on the
Drawings hereunto attached, and shall in the first place describe, the con-
struction of a machine or engine employed in spinning mills in the carding of
cotton and other wool, which is not new, and for which I do not claim any

page_text: right, title, or privilege; and I shall then describe the improvement which I
have invented on the same, and which I declare to consist in a combination of
the several parts of machinery or materials herein-after specified as applied
to machinery heretofore employed in spinning mills in the carding of cotton
5 or other wool, whereby the top cards are regularly stripped and kept clean by
the operation of the machinery without the agency of hand labour. It may
be necessary however to state, that though I do not claim any part of the
materials or construction of this engine (which I first described) as new, this
engine differs in its construction in various respects from the carding engines
presently in use by the public; and that, though my improvement is adapted
to carding engines of every construction, I consider the one which I am
now to describe as best fitted for its application.
The various parts of this engine are distinguished on all the Drawings and
figures to which I refer by the same alphabetical letters, and the references
which follow are to be found in Drawing No. 1. Figure 1st, profile elevation,
right hand; also Figure 3, horizontal plan. The framing of cast iron is at
A, A, A, &c. a, a, are the fast and loose pullies, upon the end of the back
shaft b, which receive motion from the mill work by a belt or strap, and set
the carding engine in motion or at rest as required; b is the back shaft, which
gives motion to all the other parts of the carding engine on both sides. Its
velocity is about eighty-five revolutions per minute, and from which the
respective velocities of all the other parts may be calculated by the usual rules
of mechanical computation. c, c, are two bevel wheels, equal in their diameters
and numbers of teeth, which give motion to the side shaft d; d, d, the side
shaft, which gives motion to the feeding rollers j, and to the delivering rollers
w; e, e, bearers with bushes in which the side shaft & revolves; f. coupling
box upon the side shaft d, d, which, for convenience, is constructed in two
pieces; g, endless screw, worm, or spiral, upon the side shaft d, which moves
the rollers j; h, roll, web, or fleece of cotton, as brought from the picking
machine, and which is to be carded; i, i, i, small iron shafts, covered with
wood, and turned to about three inches diameter, upon which the roll or web of
cotton rests. Upon the first of these are placed four straps to convey the roll,
web, or fleece to the feeding roller j. These straps are returned over another
roller of the same diameter; see Drawing 2, Figure 2. j, j, j, j, are the
feeding rollers; k is a flanche of wood to keep the cotton roll, web, or fleece
in its proper place, and to prevent it from diverging laterally upon either side;
1, 1, 1, 1, are stud wheels to convey motion from the feeding rollers j to the three
rollers i, i, i, which give motion to the cotton at h; m is a screw wheel fixed
upon the end of the feeding roller j; n, o, p, are the lever, chain, and weight

page_text: which keep down the top or upper feeding rollers (see also K, after referred
to; q, q, the axis and circumference of the main cylinder, which is about
forty-two inches diameter. Upon this cylindrical circumference sheet cards
are fixed, which, in revolving, carry the cotton from the feeding rollers under
the top cards No. 1 to 20 inclusive, and deliver it upon the front or doffing 5
cylinder y. y, y, the axis and circumference of the doffing cylinder, which
is about twelve inches diameter. Upon its circumference fillet or spiral cards
8, 8, s, are the
are fixed to receive the cotton from the main cylinder q.
comb, its arms, and the balance weight of the taker-off vibrating upon its
centre at x. u, u, are the pinching screws, which regulate the action of the
two cylinders upon each other at the point of contact; one screw is right-
handed and the other left-handed, for facility of setting the cylinders properly.
v, v, the pinion and wheel which communicate motion from the side shaft
to the delivering rollers w, w. w, w, the delivering shaft and top rollers.
, the pulley upon the delivering shaft, and which gives motion to the doffing
2,2,2, is a piece of
cylinder y by the band and pulley also marked y.
curved sheet-iron hinged to a strap of cast iron stretching across the framing
in front of the top card No. 1, which serves as a guard to prevent any
substance from falling between the cylinders and injuring the cards.
The references which follow are to Drawing No. 2. Figure 2, left-hand
elevation; also Figure 3, horizontal plans. B is a pulley of twelve inches
diameter, giving motion to the large cylinder q by means of the belt C, C; D,
the pulley on the large cylinder which receives the motion communicated by the
belt C, C; E, another pulley attached to the arms of the pulley D for driving the
crank which moves the comb; F, pulley upon the crank shaft which receives
the motion from E by means of the belt L, L; G, G, bevel wheels, of equal
numbers of teeth, which convey motion from the delivering shaft w, u, to the
conducting rollers H, H; I, the can which receives the carded cotton slever
when conducted between the delivering rollers H, H, to the left-hand side of
the machine; K, a pulley loose upon its axis for conducting the chain of the
weight p, which keeps down the upper feeding rollers (see n, o, p, before
referred to); T, T, T, No. 1 to 20 inclusive, are the top cards, each of which
turns upon hinges to admit of its being freely and quickly turned over, so that
the side upon which the card is fixed may be exposed to the operation of the
machinery to be after described, whereby they are "regularly stripped and kep
clean," and also to allow them to be returned unto their working positions afte
being so stripped and cleaned.
Having thus described the construction of an engine or machine for cardin
cotton or other wool at present in use by myself, and which I consider bes

page_text: adapted for the application of my Invention, but for which I do not claim any
right of Patent, I now proceed to describe my said improvement, and to
exhibit the application of the same to the said engine for the purpose of more
distinctly illustrating its application to carding machinery of every construction.
And whereas the seperate parts of the machinery or materials after specified
are not new, therefore I claim no right, title, or privilege to any part thereof as
my Invention, but to a combination of the whole as applied, in manner after
described, to machinery heretofore employed in spinning mills in the carding
of cotton and other wool, whereby the top cards are regularly stripped and
kept clean, by the operation of machinery, without the agency of hand labour;
and which combination, so applied, is, to the best of my knowledge, entirely
new, and has never been before used in these Kingdoms.
As I have distinguished all the parts of the engine which I have already
described by alphabetical letters, except the top cards T, progressively
numbered from 1 to 20 inclusive, I have, to prevent confusion or miscon
ception, adopted numerals, commencing at 21, to designate those parts
delineated on the said Drawings, which I now proceed to specify, and on the
combination and application of which I found my right of Patent. 21, 21,
are bevel wheels, of equal numbers of teeth, which communicate motion from
the back shaft 6 to the screw wheel 27; 22 is the shaft or spindle to which
this motion is communicated, and upon which the screw 23 is fixed; 23, the
screw, worm, or spiral working into and moving the wheel 27; 24, the upper
bearing in which the shaft 22 revolves. The lower part of this shaft revolves
in a socket formed to receive it on the bush of the shaft b. The upper part
of the bevel wheel 21, upon the shaft 22, must be turned quite true, and the
wheel turns loose upon a collar near the bottom of the shaft. 25, a friction
washer, fitted upon a square on the spindle 22, and also turned true upon the
face; 26, the nut screwing down the friction washer 25. Between the wheel
21 and the washer 25 is placed a piece of leather or other soft and elastic
substance. The washer is screwed down by the nut 26 upon the spindle
until the friction produced by the leather or intervening substance has become
sufficient to turn the shaft and machinery upon which it operates; but when
any interruption is given to the radius bar, or any other part of the machinery
operated upon and to be afterwards described, the truc-turned and smooth
surfaces of the wheel and washer, by sliding along the leather or interposed
substance, will permit such part of the machinery as is exposed to danger by
the obstruction to remain at rest and without injury. This arrangement may
therefore be considered merely as precautionary, and is not absolutely indes-
pensible. 27, a screw wheel, of ninety-six teeth, fixed upon the end of the

page_text: crank shaft 28, and moved by the spiral or screw 23; 28, the crank shaft,
extending accross the machine for the purpose of giving motion to or traversing
the radius bars 83; 29, 29, are the crank pins. One of these is fixed in the
screw wheel 27, and the other in a circular piece of cast iron placed upon the
other end of tho shaft. These pins are placed about four and a quarter
inches from the centre of the shaft 28, and may be shifted nearer to or farther
from that centre to adjust the sweep of the radius bars.
30, 30, are rack
bars communicating motion to radius bars 33. 31, 31, wheels fixed to the
radius bars, of six inches diameter and forty-eight teeth. These wheels
receive motion from the racks upon the rack bars 30, and communicate to the
radius bars a traversing or reciprocating motion along the whole arch of top cards,
from the point where it brushes the doffing cylinder to that where the brush is
cleaned by the needles. 32, 32, hasps and pullies or rollers which press upon
the back of the rack bar in order to keep the teeth of the rack properly pitched
with those of the wheels upon which they operate.. These hasps are fitted on
to the bushes of the main cylinder, but remain loose in order to accommodate
the pullies to the varying angles of the rack bars in revolving round the
centres of the crank shaft. 33, 33, are the radius bars, with balance weights
below to counterpoise them when at the extreme points of the range of
motion; 34, 34, tops attached to the radius bars, and moveable at pleasure;
36, 36, arms fixed upon the moveable tops for carrying the revolving brush,
which cleans the top cards; 37, the revolving brush (see Drawings 1 and 3);
88, pulley, six inches diameter, fixed on the end of the brush shaft, or axis;
89, the belt or strap which drives the brush; 40, 40, pullies, of six inches
diameter, fixed on the ends of the main cylinder axis. The pullies 40, by
means of the crossed belt 39, drive the pulley 88, and consequently the brush
37, in the direction required for cleaning the top cards. By means of the
apparatus described each semi-revolution of the crank 29 will move or traverse
the radius bars 88, and the revolving brush 37, from the doffing cylinder y,
over the top cards, brushing and cleaning all which are turned up until it
reaches the opposite extremity of the arch, where it cleans itself upon
the needles at 41. During the pause made whilst the brush wheel is in
contact with the doffing cylinder, and whilst the crank pins, passing the centre,
give the least motion to the radius bar, that cylinder is also brushed and
cleaned; and a similar pause taking place at the opposite extremity affords
time for cleaning the brush itself from the cotton dust and motts by making its
bristles pass through a moveable frame set with needles.
Drawing No. 8, Figure 3, horizontal plan.-Figure 3d, Drawing 3d, is a
horizontal plan of one of these carding engines, exhibiting that view of such

page_text: of the respective parts as can be seen by an eye immediately above the
machine. Each part seen being distinguished by the same letters or numerals
which denote the same part in the elevations No. 1 and 2, the descriptions
given apply equally to this as to the previous Drawings, and it becomes, of
course, unnecessary to repeat them here. For further illustration reference
may now be made to the supplementary figures expressed upon the Drawing
No. 4. 41, a roller made by joining two pieces of wood together with a rod
of iron about three eighths of an inch diameter in the centre to form the axis
and pivots. This roller being turned, and the needle set in a brass platé
about half an inch broad, and a little soft solder put upon their ends to keep
them faster, the plate is screwed to the front of the roller (see Drawing No. 4,
Figure 4). .42, a bracket of wood half an inch broad joined to the roller, and
projecting over the root of the needles upon the upper sides, which allows the
copper stripper to recede under the bracket when cleaning the brush.
Figures 5, 6, and 7 are full-sized sections of the needle frame or comb with
the copper stripper, lever, and balance weights distinguished as understated:
48, the copper stripper for clearing the needles; 44, balance weight of the
ncedle frame; 45, balance weight of the copper stripper; 46, the lever which,
when acted upon by the radius bar, turns up the needles, as represented on
Figure 5; 47, catch with a bent end which comes in contact with the arm
which supports the needle frame, and prevents the needles from being turned
over by the brush. "Figure 5 shews the position of the respective parts when
the brush is revolving through the needles, and the motts, dust, and cotton
are collected in front of the copper stripper; Figure 6 shews the respective
positions when the motts and cotton are partly stripped of the needles; and
Figure 7 shews the needle frame, copper stripper, and other apparatus at rest,
and the cotton and motts stripped off the needles, when the stuff.stripped off
falls under an iron box 49 placed behind the frame. These sections shew that
the balance weight 45 keeps the copper stripper 43 close to the needles in all
positions represented, and also that the preponderance of the balance weight
44 attached to the axis of the needle frame brings down the needles to the
position shewn in Figure 7.
:
On Drawings 1 and 2, 48, 48, are arms for supporting the needle. frame;
49 is the iron box which receives the strippings; 50, 50, are pins for support-
ing the iron box 49. These pins also form a rest for the implements or
utensils used for stripping, grinding, and brushing the main cylinder when
cleaning out the cotton, grinding the cards and polishing with the brush. By
removing the box 49 part of the sheet-iron back lining may be folded down,
which allows room for admission to the sheet cards by the main cylinder.

page_text: The mode of turning up and returning the top cards to their working
position is as follows:-35, 35, &c., are pins, the tops of which form the
hinges or joints upon which the top cards turn; the bodies of these pins are
square where they pass through the upper and round where they pass through
the under flanches of the framing. The round part is screwed, and by means
of nuts above and below the under flanches the front part of the top cards
can be set nearer to or farther from the cylinder. 52, 52, are pins screwed
in the upper flanche, which, in a similar way, elevate or depress the back of
the top card; one only is marked on each side, all the others being quite
similar. These pins are so distinctly exhibited by the Drawing that a more
special description seems to be quite unnecessary: 58, 58, is a piece of wood
placed accross the frame to support the top card No. 20 when turned over to
be cleaned by the action of the revolving brush.
In Drawing 1st 54, 54, are the handles by which the top cards are lifted;
55 is the ratchet wheel of fifty-one teeth or spaces by which any number of
top cards required may be successively turned over and exposed to the action
of the cylindrical revolving brush; 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, are triangles screwed
to the arms of the ratchet wheel 55. These points alternately elevate a
sliding rod placed in the inside of the radius bar, as represented in Drawing 4,
Figures 8, 9, 10, & 11, which all represent internal sections of the radius
bar in its various positions.
In Drawing 4, 57 (Figure 8), a small roller of about one & a half
inch diameter placed at the lower end of the sliding rod 58; 58 is the
sliding rod, having a projecting curved concave head constructed to suit
the groove 59; on passing over the vertex of the triangle 56 it raises the
top card handle 54, and introduces it into the groove 59. The motion of the
radius bar raises the handle to the top of the groove 59, where the top card
acted upon turns the centre, the handle then descends through the groove 60,
and completes the operation of turning over the card, which then rests upon
the adjoining top card until cleaned and returned. In this position the
revolving brush passes between the teeth of the turned-over card, as shewn
in Drawing 1st, where the operation of cleaning the top card No. 9 is distinctly
represented. The mode of returning it to its place immediately after being
.cleaned will be afterwards described. After turning over the card No. 9, as
above described, the radius 'bar proceeds by the action of the crank until
it reaches the card No. 20, which is turned over and cleaned by operations
entirely similar in all respects. The radius bar then proceeds as before until it
arrives at the needle frame or comb, where the brush cleans itself by revolving
between the necelles, as shown by Figure 5, Drawing 4. The radius bar in

page_text: returning lays hold of the handle of the same top card ascending through the
groove 60, and descending through the groove 59, replacing the card, as is
shewn by Figure 8, Drawing 4. In its return to the front cylinder, when
passing over the triangles 56, the handle of the top card passes under the
projecting shell or curved head of the sliding bar 58, which is thereby raised
61 is a small spiral spring
a little into the position exhibited by Figure 10.
attached to the sliding rod 58 which brings it down after being elevated, as is
shewn in Figure 9; 62, Drawing 1, Figure 1, is a stud fixed to the balance
weight of the radius bar 33, which is brought up to the jointed lever 63 when
the revolving brush is in contact with the doffing cylinder; 63 is the jointed
lever which, being elevated by the stud 62, turns the ratchet wheel 55 one
tooth or space, and causes the top cards to be turned over in regular rotation;
64 is a spring attached to the framing which falls into the notches represented
upon the circumference of the wheel 55, and keeps it steady and stationary
during the revolution of the radius bar. Thus after the top cards 9 and 20
have been turned over and cleaned, as described, the ratchet wheel being
moved one tooth or space, the triangles are brought to act upon the top cards
8 and 19, and thus successively upon all the other top cards. Two top cards
are consequently cleaned during each revolution of the crank shaft, with the
exception of two top cards for each revolution of the ratchet wheel 55, and by
placing more or fewer triangles upon its circumference a greater or smaller
number of top cards may be cleaned during each revolution.
In Drawing 2d, 65 is a toothed arm or rack bar attached to the radius bar
33; and 66, 66, &c., are eighteen semi-wheels fixed upon the axis of the top
cards. By means of these semi-wheels, which come in contact with the rack
bar 65 when the top card is turned over, each top card (19 and 20 excepted)
is returned to its working position so soon as it has been cleaned by the
revolving brush. The tops 19 & 20 which have no semi-wheels, and are
placed beyond the reach of the rack bar 65, are returned into their working
positions immediately after being cleaned by the return of the radius bar, and
the ascent of the handle through the groove 59 and its descent through 60, as
already described. The remaining and supplementary figures in Drawing 4th
represent the parts under stated.
In Drawing 4, Figure 12 is a section of the bush of the large carding
5 cylinder in order to shew fully the bearings of the radius bar and ratchet
wheel, those resting upon the bush, and thus no part of their weight presses
upon the axis; Figure 13 shews the sliding bar detached from the radius bar;
Figure 14 shews the edge of the sliding bar. Drawing 4th, Figure 11. This

page_text: is an edge or profile view of the radius bar 88, in Figure 1st, Drawing 1st,
and of the chief part of the apparatus attached to or connected with it.
In Drawing 8, Fig. 15 is a horizontal plan of a top card, hinge, and handle
at full size; Figure 16 is a profile or edge view of the same, also full size;
Fig. 17 is a horizontal plan of a card hinge, with its semi-wheel at full size;
Fig. 18 is an end view of the same, also at full size, with screw pin for
fixing the seme-wheel. As the whole of these parts have been already
specially referred to and described, it is only necessary to mention that each of
them is here again distinguished by the same letter or numeral as in all the
other Drawings and Figures.
In witness whereof, I, the said Archibald Buchanan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, and have likeways subscribed the four Drawings
marked Nos. 1, 2, 3, & 4, referred to in the preceding Specification,
& hereunto attached, at Glasgow aforesaid, in the County of Lanark,
this Twenty-seventh day of March, One thousand eight hundred and
twenty-four.
sence of
MALCOM McCord,
Writer,
Glasgow.
CHARLES DENNY,
Glasgow.
Writer,
Charles Denny, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Gentleman, maketh oath, and saith that he was present, together
with Malcom McCoig, also of the said City, Gentleman, and did see Archi-
bald Buchanan, of Catrine Cotton Works, one of the partners of the house
of James Finlay and Company, Merchants in Glasgow, the person named and
designed in the Specification Deed or Poll hereunto attached, take, acknow-
ledge, sign, seal, and as his genuine act and deed, in due form of law deliver
'the same of the day of the date thereof, in presence of the said Malcom
M Coig and this Deponent; and that the name "Arch" Buchanan," set and
subscribed to the said Specification Deed or Poll, is of the true and proper
handwriting and subscription of the said Archibald Buchanan, and farther that

page_text: the names "Malcom McCoig" and "Charles Denny," set and subscribed on
the said Specification Deed or Poll, as Witnesses to the execution and delivery
of the same, are of the respective proper handwriting and subscription of the
said Malcom McCoig and this Deponent. And all this is truth as the Deponent
shall answer to God.
TOYO
Chief Magistrate of the said City
of Glasgow, at Glasgow, this Thir-
tieth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and twenty-four.
WM SMITH.
To all to whom these Presents shall come, I, the Honorable William
Smith, Lord Provost and Chief Magistrate of the City of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby certify and attest that on the
day of the date hereof personally came and appeared before me Charles
Denny, of the said City of Glasgow, Gentleman, being a person well known
and worthy of good credit; and by solemn oath, which he then and there
took before me, upon the Holy Evangelists of Almighty God, did solemnly
testify and depone to be true the several matters and things contained in the
Affidavit hereunto prefixed.
In faith and testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and
have caused the Corporation seal of the said City of Glasgow to be
hereunto affixed at Glasgow aforesaid, this Thirtieth day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-four.
I, James Greive, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, in North
Britain, Notary Public, by Royal authority duly admitted and sworn, do
hereby certify and attest that I was present with and did see Charles Denny,
of the said City of Glasgow, Gentleman, the maker of the Affidavit hereunto
prefixed, emit the same of the day of the date it bears, before the Honourable
William Smith, who is present Lord Provost and Chief Magistrate of the
said City of Glasgow, and that the name "Charles Denny," set & subscribed
to the said Affidavit, and the name "W" Smith," set and subscribed to the

page_text: jurat thereof and to the probate or certificate thereto attached, are of the true
& proper handwriting & subscription of the said Honourable William Smith
and the said Charles Denny respectively.
In faith and testimony whereof, I. have hereunto set my hand and seal at
Glasgow aforesaid, this Thirtieth day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and twenty-four.
By Aff*.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the oath of Charles Denny the
And 1
Specification aforesaid was inrolled word for word as above written.
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Third day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and twenty-four.