CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING DWELLING HOUSES OR OTHER BUILDINGS, AND IN PECULIAR SHAPED BRICKS AND TILES TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Blackett Beaumont, of Woodhall,
Barnsley, in the County of York, Gentleman, for the Invention
of CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING DWELLING
HOUSES OR OTHER BUILDINGS, AND IN PECULIAR SHAPED BRICKS AND
TILES TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE."
Sealed the 27th October 1858, and dated the 9th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Blackett
Beaumont at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 9th May 1853.
EDWARD BLACKETT BEAUMONT, of Woodhall, Barnsley, in the
County of York, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING
DWELLING HOUSES OR OTHER BUILDINGS, AND IN PECULIAR SHAPED BRICKS
& TILES TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
First, in forming the roofs of an arch of brick or tile work, as
represented in the Drawing annexed hereto, at Figure 1, and 2;
Figure 1, shewing a section of the roof & part of the supporting
walls; Figure 2, a side view. A, A, are the two side walls; B, B,
(see Figures 3, & 4.) are peculiar shaped bricks, either of which may

page_text: be used for the purpose of forming the "gutter," & springing the arch
from c, is an an iron tie rod, screwed through a plate of iron or other
suitable metal or wood, going from end to end of the wall, along the
front of each gutter brick, to resist the thrust of the arch, which is
formed of bricks or tiles shaped as shewn at Figures 8, or 9, which
represent in perspective a side and end view of each. The bricks or
tiles forming the arch may be jointed together with mortar, or any other
suitable cement or composition, so as to render the whole waterproof.
The longitudinal joints of the bricks forming the roof are slightly
**hipped," as seen at G, Figure 2, to prevent the water from lodging on
the joint. When the upper part of the wall is finished level, the groove
in the gutter bricks B, (cross sections of which are shewn in Figures 3.
& 4,) is sunk deeper each adjoining brick, to give the necessary fall
to the water in the direction it is intended it shall go; the bricks being
made & numbered in the moulding, and are jointed to each other in
their numerical order.
Secondly, in the mode of making the joints of the roof with a thin
strip of lead or other suitable metal, or with linen, felt, or any other
similar suitable substance.
Thirdly, in the mode of forming the gutter spouts or fall pipes for
conveying the water from the gutter, which is constructed of a series of
lengths of clay tile pipes of the form shewn in Figure 11, fixed
together, & supported in the following manner: a brick, the section of
which is shown in Figure 10, with a hole through it of the form shewn,
is built into the wall at intervals, according to the length of the pipes,
Fig. 11, (as shown at D, Figures 1, 2,) then the lowest pipe
(E, Fig. 11,) is first passed through the hole in the brick, & is sup-
ported by the enlarged part E, Fig. 11, fitting and resting in the en-
larged part of the hole in the brick (Fig. 10); the next length of pipe is
passed through the brick immediately above, in like manner as the first,
the end fitting into the head or enlarged part of the first, & so on.
till it arrives at the gutter; the head of the pipe fitting into the
gutter being formed to the shape of the gutter, as shewn in Figure 3;
F, being the orifice through which the top pipe is passed & made to
fit. Figure 12, represents the section of a clay tile pipe shoc," to be
i6

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Blackett Beaumont in the Great Seal
Patent Office, on the 8th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
EDWARD BLACKETT BEAUMONT, of Woodhall, Barnsley, in the County
of York, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Blackett Beaumont, Her
especial licence that I, the said Edward Blackett Beaumont, my ex-
ecutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Blackett Beaumont, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an, Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CON-
STRUCTING DWELLING HOUSES OR OTHER BUILDINGS, AND IN PECULIAR SHAPED
BRICKS AND TILES" TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Edward Blackett Beaumont, by an in-
strument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Blackett Beaumont, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
This Invention relates-First, to the mode of constructing the roofs
of dwelling-houses or other buildings, and consists in forming them of
bricks or tiles, arranged so as to be self-sustaining, that is, in the form
of an arch, circular, elliptical, gothic, or of other desired form, which
are properly tied together between those points liable to be thrust out-
wards. This part of my Invention is illustrated in the Drawing
annexed hereto by Figs. 1, and 2. Fig. 1, represents in perspective a
pointed or gothic formed arch roof; and Fig. 2, a similar view of a
circular arched roof. A, are the supporting walls; B, tie rods to resist
the thrust of the arch, which are screwed or otherwise connected with
a plate of iron, or other suitable metal or wood, passing from end to
end of the walls (A) along the front of each gutter brick c, c, that are
represented on an enlarged scale by Figs. 8, and 5, which arc end views,
and by Figs. 4, and 6, which are plan views. The bricks c, answer the
purpose of both a gutter for the carrying off the water, and a base or foot
to spring the arch from, which is formed of bricks or tiles shaped to suit
the form of arch intended. The form of brick that I prefer to use for
the purpose is shewn in the drawing at Figs. 7, 8, and 9, which repre-
sent respectively a side, end, and plan view of an hollow brick; (the
same form of brick may be used solid. Those sides of the brick that
form the joints d, (Fig. 1, and 2,) passing from the side or supporting
walls to the "hip" or crown of the roof on the upper side, are
shaped at the edge, so that when jointed together they will form a
slight hip" (a) Fig. 7, 8, and 9, which is for the purpose of pre-
venting the water from lodging on the joint; and they are also on these
sides grooved on the edge on one side (b.) and have a swell or convex
rib (c) along the edge of the other side, for the purpose of jointing
with corresponding grooves and ribs in other bricks, on the well under-
stood principle of the tongue and groove joint. The other sides of the
brick are shaped so that they may form an over lap, as seen at Fig. 7,
when jointed together.
In building the arch or roof fine mortar may be used, or other
cement or composition, to joint the bricks together, so as to render the

page_text: whole waterproof; and to increase the compactness of the whole the
transverse or overlap joints should be broken, as shewn in Figs. 1,
and 2.
When the upper part of the supporting walls are finished level, the
groove in the gutter bricks is sunk gradually deeper in each adjoining
brick, to give the necessary fall to the water in the direction required;
the bricks being made and numbered in the moulding that they may
be jointed to each other in their numerical order.
Secondly, in using strips of sheet lead or other metal, or linen or
other prepared felt, to cover the longitudinal "hipped" joints of roofs
constructed as already described in the first part of my Invention, for
the purpose of rendering the joints more secure against the admission
of water.
Thirdly, in the mode of forming gutter spouts or fall pipes for con-
veying the water from the gutters of roofs I construct them of clay tile
socket pipes (e) as shewn in section at Fig. 12, made of any con-
venient length; they are sustained in their positions by bricks f, (a
plan of which is shewn in Fig. 10, and a section in Fig. 11,) which are
built into the walls at intervals, as shown at f, Fig. 2, according to the.
length of the pipes from the bottom of the building, or point where the
water is intended to pass from it to the gutter of the roof; the first
pipe is inserted through the hole in the lowest brick, and is sustained
by the enlarged part of the pipe resting in the enlarged or countersunk
part of the orifice in the brick e; the next pipe is passed in like man
ner through the brick immediately above, the end passing into the
socket part of the first, and so on, till the gutter is arrived at, when the
last pipe may be fitted into or under the gutter brick; if fitted into the
gutter brick, the head is formed to the shape of the gutter, and it is
passed through a countersunk hole formed between the joints of two
gutter bricks, as shewn at Fig. 5, and 6, or through a hole formed wholly
in one gutter brick; if fitted under, a short branch pipe is moulded
underneath the gutter brick which fits into the socket of the pipe.
Having now particularly described the nature of my Invention, I
wish it to be understood that I claim-First, the mode of constructing
the roofs of dwelling-houses and other buildings, as herein-before
described.

page_text: Second, the use of the materials referred to in the second part of
my Invention for rendering the "hipped" joint more secure against
admission of water.
Thirdly, the mode of forming gutter spouts or fall pipes, as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Blackett Beaumont, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
threo.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
(being duly stamped) by
the within-named Edward
Blackett Beaumont, in the
presence of
PETER J. LIVSEY,
of Manchester.
E. B. BEAUMONT. (L.s.)