Improvements in Lining Casks and other Vessels..
Year: 1899

page_text: T
„Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 25th June, 1900-Accepted, 18th Aug., 1900
Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 25th June, 1900-Accepted, 18th Aug., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. -
Improvements in Lining Casks and other Vessels..
I, ALBERT THOMAS HUGHES, of 27, Greville Road, Wood Street, Waltham-
stow, in the County, of Essex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to line a cask or other wooden vessel with
paraffin wax or other suitable material in, such a manner that the material
will be driven into the pores of the wood and will form on its inside surface
a resilient lining that cannot be detached by jolts or blows to which the cask
is likely to be subjected to when in use.
The lining material may be caused to effectually penetrate the pores of
the wood by charging the vessel with the material in a liquid state and then
rotating the vessel so that the material is forced into the wood by centrifugal
force; or by first exhausting the air from the vessel and then by means of
compressed air forcing a spray of liquid lining material against the inner walls
of the vessel, the material impinging against the said walls with sufficient
force to readily enter the pores which have been freed from air.
In both cases the barrel is first thoroughly cleansed and is then dried and
heated by hot air by any suitable process.
To apply the lining by centrifugal force the cask is placed in a cradle adapted
to securely hold it and capable of being rotated so that the barrel will rotate
about its own axis or about an axis at an angle thereto.
The tap hole of the cask being closed there is admitted through the bung hole
of the cask a quantity of the liquid lining material in proportion to the size of
the cask being treated; the lining material is contained in a tank arranged
above the level of the barrel and fitted with a discharge pipe and cock. If
paraffin wax is the lining material used it is kept in molten condition by a
steam coil or other suitable means.
After the desired quantity has been admitted to the cask the bung is closed
and the cradle, which may be provided at its ends with short shafts or trunnions
mounted in bearings and provided with suitable driving gear, is caused to rotate
at such a speed that the material in the form of a thin layer will be thrown
against the inside of the cask by centrifugal force and thus driven into the pores
of the wood; the power is then struck off and a brake applied so as to quickly stop
rotation of the cradle, the bung and tap holes opened and the barrel swung
with the bung hole downwards so that the superfluous material flows out into a
reservoir arranged below the cradle and from which it is elevated and returned
into the overhead tank by suitable means such as a chain
pump.
The barrel is then removed, drained or dried in the air or by a forced draught.
If the cask be mounted so as to rotate about an axis at an angle to its own.
the lining material instead of being caused to lie evenly round the inside of
the cask will be caused to alter its level and be dashed from end to end of the
cask thus being in constant commotion, by which means a better coating
of the two ends or heads of the cask will be effected:

page_text: In place of a cradle the cask may be held between a pair of discs adapted
to engage with the cask's ends and suitably mounted and rotated.
For lining a cask by exhausting air from said cask and then forcing lining
material in a liquid state against its interior by means of compressed air,
one arrangement of apparatus comprises an air tight vessel adapted to be
charged with lining material such as paraffin wax kept in a melted condition
by means of a steam coil or otherwise, the upper part of the vessel being in
communication through a cock with a supply of compressed air and its lower
part with a pipe which extends upwardly to about the level of a cask rest
or support arranged above. The pipe is provided at the top with a spraying
nozzle and with a three-way cock whereby the nozzle which is adapted to enter
and make an air tight joint with the bung-hole or other opening of the cask
can be placed in communication either with an air exhauster or vacuum chamber,
or with the wax containing vessel without air being admitted through the cock
to the nozzle. The nozzle pipe may be made to slide through a tube that extends
through the top and bottom of the wax-containing vessel with the lower part
of which it communicates, the nozzle pipe being formed with lateral apertures
to admit the wax to its interior and being connected to a lever which may be
operated by the foot whereby the nozzle can be caused to enter the bung-hole
of a cask placed above it.
The wax-containing vessel may be formed with a superfluous wax-receiving
tank, whence superfluous wax discharged from the casks can be re-admitted to
the wax-containing vessels through a pipe which extends to a position below
the level of the wax in the latter and is controlled by a cock. The compressed
air supply pipe is preferably provided with a three-way cock whereby the wax
vessel may be put into communication with the compressed air supply or with
the atmosphere at will and to so connect this three-way cock with the cock
controlling the passage between the superfluous wax tank and the wax-con-
taining vessel that the said passage will be opened only when the wax vessel
is open to the atmosphere.
Apparatus according to this invention for lining casks and other vessels may
be variously constructed and arranged.
Dated this 26th day of September 1899.
i
Improvements in Lining Casks and other Vessels.
I, ALBERT THOMAS HUGHES, of 27, Greville Road, Wood Street, Waltham-
stow, in the County of Essex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to line a cask or other wooden vessel with
paraffin wax or other suitable material in such a manner that the material
will be driven into the pores of the wood and will form on its inside surface
a resilient lining that cannot be detached by jolts or blows to which the cask
is likely to be subjected when in use, thereby enabling the cask to be readily
cleaned, as well understood.

page_text: The lining material may be caused to effectually penetrate the pores of
the wood by charging the vessel with the material in a liquid state and then
rotating the vessel so that the material is forced into the wood by centrifugal
force or by first exhausting the air from the vessel and then by means of
compressed air forcing a spray of liquid lining material against the inner walls
of the vessel, the material impinging against the said walls with sufficient
force to readily enter the pores which have been freed from air.
In both cases the vessel is first thoroughly cleansed and is then dried and
heated by hot air by any suitable process.
Referring to the accompanying illustrative drawings,
Fig. 1 shows in side elevation an arrangement of apparatus according to this
invention, and Fig. 2 is a cross section on the line A, A, Fig. 1.
The apparatus comprises a cradle a in which the cask is securely held by
clamps provided with swing bolts and fly nuts d. The cradle is provided with
trunnions e, f which are supported in bearings g: the trunnion f is provided
with driving gear comprising fast and loose 'belt pulleys and i respectively,
driven by a belt k, and with a brake pulley m, the brake band of which
is secured at one end to a pin o and at the other end to a foot lever . In fhe
arrangement illustrated the cask is caused to rotate about an axis at an angle to
its own but the apparatus may be arranged so as to rotate the cask about its
own axis. is a tank for containing the lining material: the tank is fitted
with a flexible discharge piper and outlet cocks, a steam coil with regulating
valve being arranged in the lower part of the tank 7 to enable the lining
material to be heated to the required temperature.
To line a cask with apparatus constructed as above described the cask is
placed in the cradle and securely held in position by the clamps c, the tap hole
of the cask being closed and the pipe r being inserted through the bung hole.
a quantity of the liquid lining material in proportion to the size of the cask
being treated is admitted to the cask, after which the pipe is withdrawn from
the bung hole and the bung hole is closed. The belt is then shifted to the
fast pulley i so as to rotate the cradle at such speed that the material in the
form of a thin layer will be thrown against the inside of the cask by centrifugal
force and thus driven into the pores of the wood; the power is then struck off
and the brake » applied so as to quickly stop rotation of the cradle, the bung
and tap holes are opened and the cask swung with the bung hole downwards
so that the superfluous material flows out into a reservoir arranged below the
cradle and from which it is elevated and returned into the overhead tank g by
suitable means such as a chain pump, not shown.
The cask is then removed, drained or dried in the air or by a forced draught.
By mounting the cask so as to rotate about an axis at an angle to its own.
the lining material, instead of being caused to lie evenly round the inside of
the cask, can be caused to alter its level and be dashed from end to end of the
cask thus being in constant commotion, by which means a better lining of the
two ends or heads of the cask more particularly at the bevel, will be effected.
In place of a cradle the cask may be held between a pair of discs or other suit-
able devices adapted to engage with the cask's ends and suitably mounted and
rotated.
Fig. 3 shows in side elevation, partly in section, one end of an arrangement of
this kind, the other end of which is similarly constructed.
1,1 are jaws carried by levers 2 pivoted at 3 to a sleeve 4 sliding on a long
sleeve 5 which is connected to it by a pin and slot connection as shown and is
mounted on the short shaft f. The levers 2 are connected by links 2ª to a
collar 5 on the sleeve-5 and a spring 7 is arranged between the collar 5ª and
the sleeve 4: 8 is a hand-nut working on a screwed portion of the shaft f.
The sleeve 4 extends beyond the sleeve 5 and by operating the nut 8, the
two sleeves and the parts carried thereby can be forced towards the adjacent
head of the cask; when the end of the sleeve 5 abuts against the cask end further

page_text: rotation of the nut 8 will cause the sleeve 4 to approach the collar 5* against the
action of the spring 7, thereby causing the jaws 1 of the levers 2 to move radially
outward. The arrangement of the links and levers is such that, until the
sleeve 5 abuts against the cask end, the jaws 1 will be contracted so as to
easily enter the recessed end of a cask but that when the nut 8 has been turned
in the required direction to cause the sleeve 5 to abut against the cask end, fur-
.ther, rotation of the nut will cause the jaws to abut against the projecting
portions of the staves as shown and thus secure the cask between the engaging
devices.
Fig. 4 shows in central cross section, partly in elevation and Fig. 5 shows in
horizontal section partly on the line B, B, and partly on the line C, C, of Fig. 4,
an arrangement for lining a cask by exhausting air from said cask and then
forcing lining material in a liquid state against its interior by means of com-
pressed air.
The apparatus comprises an air tight vessel 9 adapted to be charged with
lining material, such as paraffin wax kept in a melted condition by means of a
steam coil 10 or otherwise, the upper part of the vessel being in communication
through a cock 11 with a supply of compressed air and its lower part with a
nipe 12 which extends upwardly to about the level of a cask rest or support 13
arranged above. The pipe 12 is provided at the top with a spraying nozzle 14
and with a three-way cock 15 whereby the nozzle, which is adapted to enter and
make an air tight joint with the bung-hole or other opening of the cask b
can be placed in communication either with an air exhauster, or
chamber, not shown, through a branch 16 (Fig. 6) or with the wax containing
vessel 9 without air being admitted through the cock to the nozzle (Fig. 7). The
nozzle pipe is arranged to slide through a tube 17 that is fixed to and extends
through the top and bottom of the wax-containing vessel 9, with the lower
part of which it communicates through perforations 17ª the nozzle pipe 12
is formed with lateral apertures 18 admit the wax to its interior and is
connected by a link 19 to a foot lever 20 whereby the nozzle 14 can be caused
to enter the bung-hole of a cask placed above it on the cask rest 13.
vacuumi
The wax-containing vessel 9 may be formed with a tank 21, whence super-
fluous wax discharged into the tank from the casks can be re-admitted to the
wax-containing vessel through a pipe 22 which extends to a position below
the level of the wax in the latter and is controlled by a cock 23. 24 is the com-
pressed air supply pipe to which is attached the three-way cock 11 whereby the
wax vessel 9 may be put into communication with the compressed air supply
through the pipe 24, or with the atmosphere through a pipe 25 extending up-
wardly through the superfluous wax-receiving vessel. The plug of the cock 11
is connected by a spindle 26 to that of the cock 23 controlling the passage
between the superfluous wax tank and the wax-containing vessel 9, so that the
cock 23 will be opened only when the wax vessel 9 is open to the atmosphere.
Figs. 8 and 9 show in section the cock 11 in the position in which compressed
air from the pipe 24 can pass to the wax-containing vessel 9 and in the position
in which the passage from the pipe 24 is closed and the wax-containing vessel
is open through the pipe 25 to the atmosphere respectively.
Apparatus according to this invention for lining casks and other vessels may
be variously constructed and arranged.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The method of lining casks and other vessels with paraffin wax or other
suitable material wherein the vessel is charged with the material in a liquid
state, and then rotated so that the material is forced into the wood by centri-
fugal force, substantially as herein before described.
2. Apparatus for use in lining casks and other vessels according to the method

page_text: specified in Claim 1, constructed arranged and operating substantially as de-
scribed with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or modified according to
Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The method of lining casks and other vessels with paraffin wax or other
suitable material wherein air is, first exhausted from the vessel and then by
means of compressed air a spray of liquid lining material is forced against
the inner walls of the vessel so as to enter the pores of the wood which have
been freed from air, substantially as described.
4. Apparatus for lining casks and other vessels by first exhausting air from
said vessels and then by means of compressed air forcing a supply of liquid
lining material such as paraffin wax against its inner walls, constructed, arranged
and onerating substantially as described with reference to and shown in Figs. 4
to 9 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 25th day of June 1900.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.