HYDRAULIC COUNTER BALLANCE WATER FLOW, AND POWER TRANSMITOR
Year: 1884

page_text: I GEORGE SMAIL, of Doddington in the county of Northumberland, Gardener,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention Intitled, my HYDRAULIC COUNTER
BALLANCE WATER FLOW, AND POWER TRANSMITOR, to be as follows:-
That it is of hydraulic and mechanic nature, and adapted to operate as hereby
explained; see fig 1st, which represents a part of my inventon, by which I shall,
first show how I can with this mechine, by a fall of water from a hill or otherwise,
turn a mill on the same or another hill from which we have the fall, by following
the course of water in the pipes and mechinery as indicated by the arrows the
same will be seen to pass through pipe B. then around the centrifugal wheel at, C,
it then passes so farr through pipe D. It will then pass around contrifugal wheel
at E. as indicated by the crooked arrows then again returning at this point by
pipe F it will pass around centrifugal wheel at G from which it falls to waste
through pipe H, into trough I, Now the wheels C and G being connected by a
belt and pulley will act as one, It will be further seen that the water falling in
pipes B and F are so acting on the connected wheels C and G that their united
weight will force these wheels round, consequently forcing up the water in pipo D.
which in turn forces round wheel E. the motor on the tope of the hill with a power
due to the fall in pipe B, Now to show how this operation may be produced
without the aid of the water in pipe B. which we will in this case, suppose to be
disconected as shown at K, in fig. 2nd. It will be only necessary to apply a rotary
power to either of the axals of the wheels C or G, the water would be seen to flow
the same, only the water in trough I would be used to keep up the necessary
supply to wheel C through pipe K, that is connected with wheel C, Now to show
how this water flow may be continued over the hill E into the velley L then up on
to the hill M, then down into the mine N, and there turning a wheel as at the
hill, E, for pumping purposes or otherwise, it will be seen that that the water flows
the same as in the first case the water falling over say the left of the hill E, will
ballance the water rising on the hill and so on in all similer cases, The wheels
shown at O. and P, work similer to those at C and G except that they act in a
contrary direction to each other, there duty being to illustrate how a column of
water may be carried of all such centrifugal wheels, as are at such a dipths that
the same column of water might prove distructive to casings, I may also explain

page_text: how energy may be transmited from one wheel to another, to do so it will be only
necessary to suppose a common belt and wheel to be a centrifugal wheel and the
belt itself to be the waterflow while the belt wheel with which the same is
connected may be considered as a second centrifugal wheel around which the
water passes and to which it imparts its power as in the action of the common,
belt and wheel; This mode of transmition of power would be superior to a belt
appliance as the same could operate around corners and in many situations wharein
the common belt could not possably act. To show how I can further with this
invention drain lakes or other wators causing the water of the same to pass over
hills and such like to a point that must in this case be lower then tho aforsaid
lake, see fig 2nd which is a reproduction of fig 1st with the exception of parts
marked on F, 1st by A, B, H, E, O, and P, in Fig 2nd is shown parts marked S, Q
and R being an addition, necessary to illusterate the further novalties of my
invention. Now again refering to fig 2nd let us suppose the trough I, to be a lake
from which we want to remove the water over the hill E then through the velley L
then over hill M to the orifice marked, R, that will be seen to be lower situated
then trough, I, or, as I should say the lake I, Now by following the course of
water as indicated by the arrows, and at the same time noticing the operation of
the same upon the different centrifugal wheels, it will be seen how this may be
performed, The fall from M to N, being greater then the rise from I to M, the
power of the fall from M to N, is comunicated to centrifugal wheels C and G by
the return flow in pipe F, Now supposing that previous explaination of fig 1st in
conjunction with the present to be a sufficent explaination I shall further add that
in cases, whare the delivery orifice is above the leval of the lake to be drained by
attaching any of the wheels that of course might be attached to fig 2nd as in fig 1st
a motive power as before explained this mechine will act as soon as such a power
exerts an energy equel to the weight of water that is in one of the rising pipes below
the leval of delivery orifice, It may be well to here mention that it is my intention
in cases where the presure is too much upon centrifugal wheel cases to surround
them with casses containing water of an equal presure or less to that within these
said cases and also that it is my intention to have by the side of all centrifugal
wheels other centrifugal wheels having such a conection with the piping of the
samo that by verry little trouble the water of the same with its force may be
turned on to the aforsaid reserved centrifugal wheels leaving the original ones free
for repairs an so forth, so deeming this explanation suffecient for the present purpose, -
I shall conclude without refering to the more minor novalties.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I GEORGE SMAIL of Doddington, Wooler, in the county of Northumberland,
Gardener do hereby declare the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVED
HYDRAULIC APPRATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER AND FOR DRAINING and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
That it is of hydraulic and mechanic nature and is adapted to transmit power
and to drain. And also to force water to any hight above its natural level to
distant points in an unintermitting stream. This transmittor of power, and the
power to drain and also of forcing water to distant points can take place over any
amount of uneven surfaces.
This appratus will be suitable to transmit power from distant water falls or
otherwise, to drive mechineary or to carry water over grounds that may be higher
then the point from whence it came without diminishing its preasure, it will also
be suitable for draining mines lakes fens or otherwise over any amount of natural
obstacles, as is hereby explained in this my complete specification.
Centrifugal pumping mechineary form an important part of my invention by
referance to fig 1. which is an end elivation of the double centrifugal pump that
may be used in connection with my invention. It will be seen that A A A A.
represents a casing passing around the revolving wheel B B B B, the inore
projecting part of B B B B will be seen to come into contact with the outer
case A A A A, and thus forming the confined space around which the wator
passes along with the movable plates M M, and N N, the projecting edges of the
wheel B B B B, will be seen to work in a grove that is formed around the outer
casing A A A A for the better protection of the wheel B B B B.
Now by referance to fig 2 which is a side elivation of the above mentioned kind
of pump A A A A. represents the outer casing that surrounds the wheel B BBB
and which wheel is carried round by the forse of water from the inlet K that acts
upon the plates M M and N N that work through the wheel B B B B in a manner
that will be understood by refering to fig's 2 and 3, and carring them round
till they severally come into contact with the bent surface O that gaurds
them below the devison block P. at which time the following plate will be seen
to fully occupy the space behind the water that followed up the plate that has
allready passed below the devison block P consequently forsing up, the water out
at the outlet R, thus showing how a Fotiatary motion may be imparted to a
centrifugal pump wheel of a nature as above explaned; by a forse of water
passing through it.
Now supposing the water in the pipes above the inlet K and the outlet R to be
at rest, and we want it to flow as before explaned, but in this case by an energy

page_text: imparted to it, by the power that may be given to the double centrifugal pump
wheel at the wheel on the axal of it at G in fig 1. its action upon the water will be
as follows first the plate M as shown in fig, 2 will forse the water before it out
at the outlet R and passing in the usual way below the devison block will be
followed by the one behind it which will forse the water out in turn at the
outlet R as it revolves round, the guards O and Q it will be seen will always forse
out of the openings of the wheel B B B B, the plates so as to be behind the water
to forse it up before them out at the outlet R into the pipes that may be attached
to the outer casing of B BBB for the purpose of carrying of the water from the
wheel B B B B. the purposes to which this water may be put to after leaving the
wheel. B B B B. will be explained further on.
For the further elucidination of my improved bydraulic apparatus for trans-
mitting power and for draining, I shall hear give an account of it as adapted to
transmit power, the power of a waterfall or otherwise, to show how I can by the
same transmit the power of a waterfall from a hill to the top of another hill that
may be ever so much higher see fig 4, By following the course of water in the
pipes as indicated by the arrows it will be seen to pass from the hill A through
pipe B around the left cylinder of the double centrifugal pump wheel at C, it then
passes so farr through pipe D, being turned of from its continued straight course
by the valves S and R it will take the course indicated by the crooked arrows and
pass arround the single centrifugal pump wheel at E and turning it with a power
nearly equal to the fall in pipe B, "water could also be left at any part of this
water flow to or from this hill E to an amount coresponding to the power due to
'the fall in the pipe B," after passing round the centrifugal wheel at E which is
the motor on the higher hill whare power was desired to be transmited from the
lower hill A. the water will as shown by the arrows return to the double
centrifugal pump wheel C and pass around the right cylinder of the same, after
leaving the pipe F through which it passes from E to C and from which it falls to
waste through pipe H into trough I, this water in trough II retain for purposes
that will be shown as I proceed with my explanation to show how this mechine
acts and what causes its action, the left and right wheels of the double centrifugal
pump at C being connected will act as one. It will be seen that the water
falling in the pipes B and F are so acting on one side of the axal of the double
centrifugal pump wheel at E that their united power or weight will more then
counter ballance the water in the pipe D and drive it up the pipe D and arround
the wheel at E with a power due to the fall in B, excepting what may be lost by
friction.
Now to show how this water flow may be continued over the hill E into to the
velley L "instead of passing round the wheel E" then up on to the hill M then
down into the mine N. and to their turn a wheel for pumping purposes or
otherwise, with a power due to the fall in B with the former mentioned exceptinces
it will be seen that that water flows the same as in the former mentioned cases
the water falling over the right hand side of the hill E will on its outward
course will ballance the returning flow from the wheel N rising on the same side
of the hill, thus showing how the outward and inward flows are on a ballance
because the falls will be always found to be of the same lenth as the rises
when their amounts are put together, thus showing how I can with this my
invention transmit power and water over uneven country to a point that may
be higher or lower situated then the original fall or prime mover this adaption
also proves the possibility of raising all the water of a water fall to any hight
above its self,
Now to show how this operation may be produced, without the aid of the
waterfall in pipe B, which we will in this case suppose to be disconnected as
shown in fig 5, it will only be necassary to apply a rotary power to the wheel W
as shown at the right hand of the centrifugal wheel at C the water would be seen
to flow the same as when actuated by the water fall in pipe B only the water

page_text: to supply the wheel C would have to be drawn from the trough I, wheel O would
do this pumping "it possessing as befor explained the power of pumping when
actuated by another power as it is in this case by the water falling in the pipe F
and the prime mover attached to the axal of the wheel C" through pipe K that
comunicates with the trough I from which it would be fed this trough being
always supplyed from the waste from H.
To show how energy' may be transmitted from one wheel around any amount
of turns that may be in any direction, it will only be necessary to suppose a
common belt and wheel to be a centrifugal pump wheel and the belt its self to be
the water flow in the pipes while the belt wheel with which the same is con-
nected may be considered as a second centrifugal pump wheel around which the
outgoing pipe passes and to which it imparts its power as in the case of the
action of the common belt and whcel this mode of transmitting power in
ordinery mechineary would be verry aplicable in many situations and would be
superior to the common mode of transmiting power from one wheel to another
as it would act around corners and in many situations that the common belt
could not possably act..
Now to show how I can with this invention, drain lakes and other such like
waters causing the water of the same to pass over hills and through velleys and
such like natural obstacles in an unintermitting stream to a point that must in this
case be lower situated then the water to be drained, see fig 5. which is a repro-
duction of fig 4 with the exception of parts marked on fig. 4. by A B HTV P Q
RSO part X is an addition to Fig 5 not in fig 4, now again refering to fig 5. let
us suppose the trough I to be a lake from which we want to remove the water
over the hill E then through the valley L then over the hill M to the orifice of X,
that will be seen to be lower situate then the trough I now by following the course
of water us indicated by the arrows and at the same time noticing the opperation
of the saine upon the different centrifugal pump wheels it will be seen how this
may be performed the fall from M to N, being greater then the rise from I to M.
the greater hight of the fall from M to N. is communicated to the centrifugal pump
wheels at C by the return How in pipe F hence we find the greater weight of
water in the fall from M to N, forcing up the lesser weight of water in the pipes
between I and M. the simple ellicidation of my Invention as adapted to drain is
this, the greater fall from M to N overcomes the lesser rise from 1 to M hence the
motion since we find the power of the greater fall communicated to the lesser rise
by the return in pipe F. Another way I adapt my invention to drain as above
explained, consists of the the first outward flow from I to the first or right hand
wheel of the double centrifugal pump wheels at N being emptyed as at the orifice X
without returning as before and that the bolt and pulley sistim be adapted between
the other left & right wheels of the centrifugal wheels at C and N. Now in
cases whare the delivery end of this my inventon as adapted to drain is above the
level of the lake or other water to be drained I attach a motive power at any part
of the apparatus, for the purpose of it exerting a power on the same to an amount
equal to the weight of water in one of the pipes at the supply end of the apparatus,
5 that is below the level of the delivery orifice this motive power might be derived
from a fall of water from a distent hill and brought hither by means of my inven-
tion as adapted to transmit power thus showing my invention acting according
according to its title namly as a transmittor of power and drainer.
;
Now to more clearly show the nature of my invention I herebye append a series
0 of minor explanations that relate to my invention generally and is as follows.
Whare the axals of centrifugal wheels enter there bearings as at D and F in
fig 1. I have forined a sort of funnel shaped cover of leather or other material to
lap upon an iron coller that I have marked F that must be moveable upon the axal,
now the fixed leather coller D, will be pressed upon the sloping sides of, this mov-
5 able iron coller by the preasure of water in the case, and will prevent the water

page_text: from escaping between it and the casing. Fig 3 will illustrate the position of the
plates M Mand N N. and how by a part being taken out of each plates middle,
and one of them being in two parts it will be seen how thay may be drawn from
the manhole Y, as shown in fig 3 to git these plates oposite the manhole it will be
necessary to turn the wheel in which they are placed to git the end of the openings
in it oposite to the manhole.
: I may here notice that that a rotary power may be obtained at any part of the
water flow connected with my invention and may not be attained as befor explained
when refering to wheel E in fig 4, But it insteed of the water passing around the
centrifugal pump wheel as before explained, that it pass from the pipe "containing
the water flow" forward and around the centrifugal pump wheel and cross over
the inlet and proceed on its way, I also provide "for what would otherwise be
sharp turnings in the watercourses" suitable bent piping to be introduced at the
inlets and outlets of centrifugal wheels and such like parts whare it may be
necessary, for to prevent friction as much as possable, in my invention for trans-
mitting power and for draining.
To show how I prevent great columns of water from bearing too much weight
upon the working parts of my invention it will only be necessary to place a double
centrifugal wheel as at O in fig 4, the water will pass around either of the wheels
on its downward flow and proceed on its mission then returning will pass around
the other wheel that is left of the two centrifugal wheels prepared for it reception
on its upward or return course It will be seen that the two collumns of water in
the pipes above these will be intirly mentained by them owing to their connection
with each other the weight of the downward column above the one wheel will of
course turn it with a power due to its weight consequently causing the other wheel
to pump up and mentain the column above it, in cases whare there are 3 columns
to be mentained, as above explained I place a wheel as above explained about n
third down the length of the pipes between M and N. say in fig 4 then at another
third down I place a similer wheel but this time I connect one of the pump wheels
of this double centrifugal pump wheel with the ode collumn that has as yet not
been opperated upon by these kind of wheels for mentaining collumns of water.
Instead of letting it on and off these wheels as shown in fig 4 I so place them as to
cause the water to discribe a circute around them as indicated by the crooked
arrows in fig 5. at N, which will cause less friction the water not being lyable to
the sudden check back as it will be seen to be subjact to as it passes from pipe B
around the left cylinder of the double centrifugal pump wheel at C.
I may here state that whare this kind of entery for the water on and of the
double centrifugal wheels that I incline the in and outlets K and R a little, so as
to pass each other to receive the curved pipes that is so curved as to make as little
friction as possable. I may here also state whare great preasures is bearng upon
the mechinery and casings of my invention that I invelope the whole in an outer
casing and which is its self charged with water of an equal preasure as that within
the inner case the same being comunicated to it by a comunication from this inner
casing or the piping connected with it. In cases whare this outer case is required
I affix the coller as shown at D and F in fig 1. I also in casses whare it would be 4
profitable affix double or single centrifugal wheels, as the case may require by the
side of the acting ones to be in readyness for to turn the water on to in cases of
the acting ones requiring repairs I provide that all such centrifugal wheels may
have a joint in the piping between them and the valve that is to turn the water on
to the reserve wheels and whare the water joins the piping again after leaving 5
these reserve centrifugal wheels.
I also provide that taps may be affixed at any part of my invention for to
extract portions of water of a quantity that will not seariously interfear with the
working of my invention, intitled, an improved hydraulic annaratus for trans-

page_text: Having now perticulary described and assertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I clam is
1. That I am the first inventor of the mode of transmitting power as explained
in my Complete Specification.
2. That I am the first inventor of the mode of draining waters as explained in
my Complete Specification.
3. That I am the first inventor forcing water to distant points for domestic
purposes or otherwise as explained in my Complete Specification.
Dated thin 17th dow of June 1885
GEORGE SMAIL