IMPROVED MACHINERY DTCARAMING AND COMING ROCK AND STONE IN GENERAL
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paulin Etienne Gay, of Paris, Rue de Grenelle,
St. Honoré, No. 5, Contractor, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY
DTCARAMING AND COMING ROCK AND STONE IN GENERAL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said Paulin Etienne Gay
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd November 1864.
I, PAULIN ETIENNE GAY, of Paris, Rue de Grenelle, St. Honoré, No. 5,
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED MACHINERY FOR EXCAVATING AND CUTTING ROCK AND STONE IN GENERAL,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention chiefly consists in a series of discs with cutting or biting
edges arranged according to the outline or profile of the mass of rock or stone
to be excavated. Thus, for example, when an open cutting or channel is to
be formed, the discs will affect the inclination of the declivity of the cutting,
and when a tunnel is to be excavated the discs are arranged according to the
general configuration of the profile or outline, so as to act upon the whole
section of the tunnel in all required directions. The cutting or
biting discs
receive a rapid rotary motion from any convenient power; they are formed of
rigid or malleable metal, and act by their circumferential face or periphery,
upon which a biting material and water are poured.
These discs may also be employed to cut or saw hard stone of every
description.

page_text: Sometimes I form the discs of various materials, such as cement, lime, or
limestone, and other substances agglomerated so as to form a kind of mill-
stone with edges or peripheries capable of biting or wearing away stone.
They may be employed for forming mouldings or designs in soft or hard stone.
The keenness or biting power of the discs is determined by the interposition
between their edges and the stone or rock of a biting substance, such as sand,
grit, waste, and debris of glass and pottery, and by preference emery, with the
addition of water. The biting substance is run on to the discs from a hopper
corresponding to another hopper containing the water; the substance and the
water are thus thrown against those parts of the stone or rock on which the
discs act.
I proceed to describe my machinery when constructed for boring tunnels.
The machine carries vertical discs, that is to say, discs on horizontal shafts
or axes for cutting the sides of the tunnel; it also carries horizontal discs for
the bottom and inclined or horizontal discs for the top of the tunnel. The
boxes for the water and sand or other material are fitted at the upper part of
the machine. The water and sand from some of the boxes fall into the
cuttings of the vertical discs, and form a sort of paste which runs on to the
face of the discs. This effect may be facilitated by a vertical plate placed
parallel to the discs so as to form a trench. The discs for cutting the top and
the bottom of the tunnel are fed by analogous means; whatever be the
position of the discs the feeding may be easily performed through projecting
pipes. At the same time that the discs form cuttings or channels in the rock
as just explained, hollow tubes acting as borers form holes here and there in
the rock to receive charges of powder for blasting the portions of rock cut out
by the discs. The machine when constructed for boring tunnels should be
capable of contraction and extension at will, in order that it may be moved
from either side when blasting or to strengthen the opposite side with masonry
or for other purpose. With this object I interrupt towards their upper and
lower parts all the uprights and some of the longitudinal shafts; the ends of
these parts only enter a slight distance into hollow joints which connect them.
A key which is passed through the joint and the uprights during the working
of the machine keeps together the parts thus jointed at their maximum
extension, then to contract the machine the upper and lower parts of the
uprights are respectively lowered and raised as far as may be into the hollow
joints. The shafts which support the vertical discs have similar joints, and
are free to slide on the frame or carriage which supports them; these parts
may therefore be brought nearer to the centre of the machine when required.
The upper and lower discs after having been brought towards the centre of

page_text: the machine as above explained, are then made to fold on each other by means
of hinges on the pieces which support them and by two sectors, which act
as supports to facilitate this operation and maintain the discs when folded.
The progressive advance of the machine is obtained by means of two levers
placed in contact with the wheels or by means of a counterweight, the pro-
gressive movement of which is regulated in unison with the advance of the
dises; or all the parts which sustain the working appliances may be made to
slide on the frame or carriage of the machine.
The discs receive their rotary motion through the intermediation of wheels,
pinions, grooved pulleys, and bands, cords, or chaius, or in any other con-
venient manner.
The apparatus before referred to for forming holes at intervals in the rock
or stone by means of hollow bars or borers is constructed as follows:-The
hollow bar receives very rapid rotary motion from two grooved wheels or
pulleys parallel to the vertical axis of the apparatus. Each of these wheels
transmits its motion by means of two bevil pinions to another pinion on the
bar. The bar may be made to act in any desired direction and placed at any
angle by means of a pressure screw. Contact of the bar with the rock is
effected by means of a counterweight and of hoops on the upper and lower
or outer and inner parts of the bar. The upper or outer hoop carries eyes or
rings, to which traction cords are attached; these cords pass round two pulleys
carried by the lower or inner hoop and are theu connected to a rod, to which
another cord by which the counterweight is supported is also connected. The
last-named cord then passes round a movable pulley, the variations of position
of which preserve to the counterweight a normal position in unison with the
inclination given to the bar. Each of the hoops before mentioned bears
against another hoop fixed to the bar. The bar is capable of receiving both a
rotary and a rectilinear motion.
The apparatus just described for boring holes may be employed indepen-
Clients first homin before described
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Paulin Etienne Gay in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd May 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAULIN
5 ETIENNE GAY, of Paris, Rue de Grenelle, St. Honoré, No. 5, Contractor, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty twenty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Paulin Etienne Gay, Her special licence
that I, the said Paulin Etienne Gay, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Paulin Etienne Gay, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR EXCAVATING AND
CUTTING ROCK AND STONE IN GENERAL," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Paulin Etienne Gay, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Paulin Etienne Gay, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention chiefly consists in a series of discs with cutting or biting
edges arranged according to the outline or profile of the mass of rock or stone
to be excavated or cut. Thus, for example, when an open cutting or channel
is to be formed, the discs will affect the inclination of the declivity of the
cutting, and when a tunnel is to be excavated the discs are arranged according
to the general configuration of the profile or outline, so as to act upon the
whole section of the tunnel in all required directions. The cutting or biting
discs receive a rapid rotary motion from any convenient power; they are
formed of rigid or malleable metal, and act by their circumferential face or
periphery, upon which a biting material and water are poured.
These discs may also be employed to cut or saw stone of every description.
Sometimes I form the discs of various materials, such as cement, lime, or
limestone, and other substances agglomerated so as to form a kind of millstone
with edges or peripheries capable of biting or wearing away stone; they may
be employed for forming mouldings or designs in soft or hard stone. The

page_text: keenness or biting power of the discs is determined by the interposition
between their edges and the stone or rock of a biting substance, such as sand,
grit, waste, and debris of glass and pottery, and by preference emery, with the
addition of water. The biting substance is run on to the discs from a hopper
corresponding to another hopper containing the water; the substance and the
water are thus thrown against those parts of the stone or rock on which the
discs act.
Sonetimes I form the discs like a hollow drum, with perforations in their
peripheries, and in this case I supply the emery or other biting material to
the centre of the disc, so that during the rotation of the disc it may be
projected from the perforations in the periphery.
I proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, my
machinery when constructed for boring tunnels. Fig. 1 is a front elevation,
and Fig. 2 a side elevation of the machine. The machine carries vertical
discs d, d, that is to say, discs on horizontal shafts or axes, for cutting the
sides of the tunnel; it also carries horizontal discs d¹, d", for the bottom, and
inclined or horizontal discs d', d¹, for the top of the tunnel. The boxes c, c,
for the water and sand or other material are fitted at the upper part of the
machine, the water and sand from some of the boxes fall into the cuttings of
the vertical discs d, d, and form a sort of paste which runs on to the face of
the discs. This effect may be facilitated by a vertical plate placed parallel to
the discs, so as to form a trench. The discs d', d", for cutting the top and
the bottom of the tunnel are fed by analogous means, whatever be the position
of the discs, the feeding may be easily performed through projecting pipes.
At the same time that the discs form cuttings or channels in the rock as just
explained, hollow tubes acting as borers form holes here and there in the rock
to receive charges of powder for blasting the portions of rock cut out by the
discs. These hollow tubes are shewn separately in Figures 3 and 4, and are
hereafter described. They may be made to act in any required positions; for
instance, in the manner seen at e, e', Fig. 2.
The machine represented in Figures 1 and 2, when constructed for boring
tunnels, should be capable of contraction and extension at will, in order that
it may be moved from either side when blasting or to strengthen the opposite
side with masonry or for other purpose. With this object I interrupt towards
their upper and lower parts all the uprights 9, 9,. and some of the longitudinal
shafts f, f, the ends of the uprights only enter a slight distance into hollow
joints k, k, which connect them. A key which is passed through the joint and
the uprights during the working of the machine keeps together the parts thus
jointed at their maximum extension, then to contract the machine the upper

page_text: and lower parts of the uprights are respectively lowered and raised as far as
may be into the hollow joints. The shafts f, f, which support the vertical
discs d, d, have similar joints, and are free to slide on the frame or carriage
which supports them; these parts may therefore be brought nearer to the
centre of the machine when required. The upper and lower discs d', d¹¹, after
having been brought towards the centre of the machine, as above explained,
are then made to fold on each other by means of hinges on the pieces which
support them, and by two sectors which act as supports to facilitate this
operation, and maintain the discs when folded.
The progressive advance of the machine is obtained by means of two levers
placed in contact with the wheels, or by means of a counterweight, the pro-
gressive movement of which is regulated in unison with the advance of the
discs; or all the parts which sustain the working appliances may be made to
slide on the frame or carriage h of the machine, which in this case would
be fixed.
The discs receive their rotary motion thro' the intermediation of wheels,
pinions, grooved pulleys, and bands, cords, or chains, or in any other con-
venient manner.
The apparatus before referred to for forming holes at intervals in the rock
or stone by means of hollow bars or bores is represented in side elevation in
Fig. 3, and in front elevation in Fig. 4. The hollow bar u receives very
rapid rotary motion from two grooved wheels or pulleys m, m, parallel to the
vertical axis of the apparatus; each of these wheels transmits its motion by
means of a bevil pinion n to another pinion n¹ on the bar. The bar may be
made to act in any desired direction, and placed at any angle by means of a
pressure screw. Contact of the bar with the rock is effected by means of a
counterweight p and of hoops r, r, on the upper and lower or outer and inner
parts of the bar u. The upper or outer hoop r carries two eyes or rings 9, 9,
to which traction cords t, t, are attached; these cords pass round two
pulleys v, v, carried by the lower or inner hoop r, and are then connected to a
rod z, to which another cord, by which the counterweight is supported, is-also
connected; the last-named cord then passes round a moveable pulley, the
variations of position of which preserve to the counterweight a normal position
in unison with the inclination given to the bar u. Each of the hoops r bears
against another hoop & fixed to the bar. The bar is capable of receiving both
a rotary and a rectilinear motion, because the nut which it traverses carries a
key which fits into a longitudinal groove formed in the bar. The bar is
supported by guides, which hold it in position. It may be of any required
length, and formed of one or more parts.

page_text: the machine as above explained, are then made to fold on each other by means
of hinges on the pieces which support them and by two sectors, which act
as supports to facilitate this operation and maintain the discs when folded.
The progressive advance of the machine is obtained by means of two levers
placed in contact with the wheels or by means of a counterweight, the pro-
gressive movement of which is regulated in unison with the advance of the
dises; or all the parts which sustain the working appliances may be made to
slide on the frame or carriage of the machine.
The discs receive their rotary motion through the intermediation of wheels,
pinions, grooved pulleys, and bands, cords, or chaius, or in any other con-
venient manner.
The apparatus before referred to for forming holes at intervals in the rock
or stone by means of hollow bars or borers is constructed as follows:-The
hollow bar receives very rapid rotary motion from two grooved wheels or
pulleys parallel to the vertical axis of the apparatus. Each of these wheels
transmits its motion by means of two bevil pinions to another pinion on the
bar. The bar may be made to act in any desired direction and placed at any
angle by means of a pressure screw. Contact of the bar with the rock is
effected by means of a counterweight and of hoops on the upper and lower
or outer and inner parts of the bar. The upper or outer hoop carries eyes or
rings, to which traction cords are attached; these cords pass round two pulleys
carried by the lower or inner hoop and are then connected to a rod, to which
another cord by which the counterweight is supported is also connected. The
last-named cord then passes round a movable pulley, the variations of position
of which preserve to the counterweight a normal position in unison with the
inclination given to the bar. Each of the hoops before mentioned bears
against another hoop fixed to the bar. The bar is capable of receiving both a
rotary and a rectilinear motion.
The apparatus just described for boring holes may be employed indepen-
dently of the disc apparatus first herein-before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Paulin Etienne Gay in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd May, 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAULIN
5 ETIENNE GAY, of Paris, Rue de Grenelle, St. Honoré, No. 5, Contractor, send
creeting

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty twenty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Paulin Etienne Gay, Her special licence
that I, the said Paulin Etienne Gay, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Paulin Etienne Gay, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR EXCAVATING AND
CUTTING ROCK AND STONE IN GENERAL," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Paulin Etienne Gay, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Paulin Etienne Gay, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
My Invention chiefly consists in a series of discs with cutting or biting
edges arranged according to the outline or profile of the mass of rock or stone
to be excavated or cut. Thus, for example, when an open cutting or channel
is to be formed, the discs will affect the inclination of the declivity of the
cutting, and when a tunnel is to be excavated the discs are arranged according
to the general configuration of the profile or outline, so as to act upon the
whole section of the tunnel in all required directions. The cutting or biting
discs receive a rapid rotary motion from any convenient power; they are
formed of rigid or malleable metal, and act by their circumferential face-or
periphery, upon which a biting material and water are poured.
These discs may also be employed to cut or saw stone of every description.
Sometimes I form the discs of various materials, such as cement, lime, or
limestone, and other substances agglomerated so as to form a kind of millstone
with edges or peripheries capable of biting or wearing away stone; they may
be employed for forming mouldings or designs in soft or hard stone.
The

page_text: keenness or biting power of the discs is determined by the interposition
between their edges and the stone or rock of a biting substance, such as sand,
grit, waste, and debris of glass and pottery, and by preference emery, with the
addition of water. The biting substance is run on to the discs from a hopper
corresponding to another hopper containing the water; the substance and the
water are thus thrown against those parts of the stone or rock on which the
discs act.
Sometimes I form the discs like a hollow drum, with perforations in their
peripheries, and in this case I supply the emery or other biting material to
the centre of the disc, so that during the rotation of the disc it may be
projected from the perforations in the periphery.
I proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, my
machinery when constructed for boring tunnels. Fig. 1 is a front elevation,
and Fig. 2 a side elevation of the machine. The machine carries vertical
discs d, d, that is to say, discs on horizontal shafts or axes, for cutting the
sides of the tunnel; it also carries horizontal dises d", d", for the bottom, and
inclined or horizontal discs d', d', for the top of the tunnel. The boxes c, c,
for the water and sand or other material are fitted at the upper part of the
machine, the water and sand from some of the boxes fall into the cuttings of
the vertical discs d, d, and form a sort of paste which runs on to the face of
the discs. This effect may be facilitated by a vertical plate placed parallel to
the discs, so as to form a trench. The discs d', d", for cutting the top and
the bottom of the tunnel are fed by analogous means, whatever be the position
of the discs, the feeding may be easily performed through projecting pipes.
At the same time that the discs form cuttings or channels in the rock as just
explained, hollow tubes acting as borers form holes here and there in the rock
to receive charges of powder for blasting the portions of rock cut out by the
discs. These hollow tubes are shewn separately in Figures 3 and 4, and are
hereafter described. They may be made to act in any required positions; for
instance, in the manner seen at e, e¹, Fig. 2.
The machine represented in Figures 1 and 2, when constructed for boring
tunnels, should be capable of contraction and extension at will, in order that
it may be moved from either side when blasting or to strengthen the opposite
side with masonry or for other purpose. With this object I interrupt towards
their upper and lower parts all the uprights g, g,. and some of the longitudinal
shafts f, f, the ends of the uprights only enter a slight distance into hollow
joints k, k, which connect them. A key which is passed through the joint and
the uprights during the working of the machine keeps together the parts thus
jointed at their maximum extension, then to contract the machine the upper

page_text: and lower parts of the uprights are respectively lowered and raised as far as
may be into the hollow joints. The shafts f, f, which support the vertical
discs d, d, have similar joints, and are free to slide on the frame or carriage
which supports them; these parts may therefore be brought nearer to the
centre of the machine when required. The upper and lower discs d¹, d", after
having been brought towards the centre of the machine, as above explained,
are then made to fold on each other by means of hinges on the pieces which
support them, and by two sectors which act as supports to facilitate this
operation, and maintain the discs when folded.
The progressive advance of the machine is obtained by means of two levers
placed in contact with the wheels, or by means of a counterweight, the pro-
gressive movement of which is regulated in unison with the advance of the
discs; or all the parts which sustain the working appliances may be made to
slide on the frame or carriage h of the machine, which in this case would
be fixed.
The discs receive their rotary motion thro' the intermediation of wheels,
pinions, grooved pulleys, and bands, cords, or chains, or in any other con-
venient manner.
The apparatus before referred to for forming holes at intervals in the rock
or stone by means of hollow bars or bores is represented in side elevation in
Fig. 8, and in front elevation in Fig. 4. The hollow bar u receives very
rapid rotary motion from two grooved wheels or pulleys m, m, parallel to the
vertical axis of the apparatus; each of these wheels transmits its motion by
means of a bevil pinion n to another pinion n' on the bar. The bar may be
made to act in any desired direction, and placed at any angle by means of a
pressure screw. Contact of the bar with the rock is effected by means of a
counterweight p and of hoops r, r, on the upper and lower or outer and inner
parts of the bar u. The upper or outer hoop r carries two eyes or rings q, q,
to which traction cords t, t, are attached; these cords pass round two
pulleys v, v, carried by the lower or inner hoop r, and are then connected to a
rod z, to which another cord, by which the counterweight is supported, is-also-
connected; the last-named cord then passes round a moveable pulley, the
variations of position of which preserve to the counterweight a normal position
in unison with the inclination given to the bar u. Each of the hoops r bears
against another boop s fixed to the bar. The bar is capable of receiving both
a rotary and a rectilinear motion, because the nut which it traverses carries a
key which fits into a longitudinal groove formed in the bar. The bar is
supported by guides, which hold it in position. It may be of any required
length, and formed of one or more parts.

page_text: The apparatus just described for boring holes may be employed inde-
pendently of the disc apparatus first herein-before described.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, constructing machinery for excavating and cutting rock and stone
with discs having cutting or biting edges arranged and acting substantially as
herein-before described, and represented in Figures 1 and 2 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Second, constructing machinery for excavating and cutting rock and stone
capable of being contracted and extended as required, substantially in manner
and for the purpose herein-before described, and represented in Figs. 1 and 2
of the accompanying Drawings.
Third, constructing apparatus for cutting holes in rocks and stone sub-
stantially as herein-before described, and represented in Figures 3 and 4 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth, the combination of machinery herein-before described and repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawings for excavating and cutting rock
and stone.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paulin Etienne Gay, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD,
Ingénieur Civil,
Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23,
à Paris.
P. E. GAY. (L.B.)