IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR HEATING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Edward Pritchett, of Bishop's Stortford, in the
County of Herts, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR
APPLIANCES FOR HEATING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING, AND THE APPLICATION
THEREOF."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Edward Pritchett
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1880.
GEORGE EDWARD PRITCHETT, of Bishop's Stortford, in the County of Herts.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR HEATING, COOLING, AND
VENTILATING, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF."
This Invention consists mainly in introducing hot or cold water, oil, spirit,
glycerine, steam, and other compounds or fluids between plates and tubes of metal,
earthenware, or other suitable compositions, the plates aforesaid being so adjacent
to each other as to form the fluids, etc., aforesaid into thin sheets or tilms between
the said plates or tubes; thus a small quantity of fluid is sufficient to fill the spaces
between the said metals and plates, which consequently are rapidly heated or cooled
by the fluids, &c., introduced. One method I adopt for producing heated fluids or
steam is to suspend hollow balls, cones, boxes, tubes, and suitable shapes of metal
filled with fluid over or into a fire, or gas and oil jets connected with suitable
supports and lever arrangements, by which same can be adjusted, raised, or
lowered, and having small pipes, flexible or otherwise, of any length connected
therewith, and the plates and tubes aforesaid, so as to form a flow and return
arrangement both for heating and cooling purposes. These plates or metals
can be suspended or worked on pivots if required and can be set to any angle.
By syphon arrangements in connection with the plates and metals aforesaid the
fluids are compelled to return from the bottom of the plates, although they may be
suspended on pivots or at a higher level. The connecting pipes aforesaid can be
branched into any heating or circulating systems in buildings. Pipes and coils
aforesaid may also be used for refrigerating, cooling, and medical purposes. The
plates and metals aforesaid may be made of various sizes and shapes for heating,

page_text: drying, and cooling, such as for skirtings, linings for walls, closets, cisterns, kilns,
and forcing pits. Further, movable or fixed screens may be placed in any position
required, and in connection with said appliances for ventilation, together with
inlets and outlets, so that air may be supplied where required, either warmned or
cooled by the action of the fluids between the plates and tubes aforesaid, which
will be rectilinear, curvilinear, corrugated, or of plain form as required.
Ventilation may be effected by air, vapor, or steam, playing upon the plates
when hot or cold, but by my constructions can be assisted by capillary attraction of
the corrugated or other shaped plates or tubes aforesaid, which will be placed so as
to admit of inlet and outlet movements of air, vapor, or steam for the purpose of
supplying and changing such air, vapor, or steam in enclosed spaces.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Edward Pritchett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th October 1880.
GEORGE EDWARD PRITCHETT, of Bishop's Stortford, in the County of Herts.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR HEATING, COOLING, AND
VENTILATING, AND THE APPLICATION THEREof."
"
"
This Invention consists in introducing hot or cold water, oil, spirit, or glycerine,
steam, and other compounds or fluids between plates and tubes of metal, earthen-
ware, or other suitable compositions, the plates aforesaid hereinafter termed
doubled plates" being so adjacent to each other as to form the fluids, &c., into
thin sheets or films between the said plates or tubes, thus a small quantity of fluid
is sufficient to fill the spaces between the said metals and plates, which con-
sequently are rapidly heated or cooled by the fluids so introduced. One method
I adopt for producing heated fluids or steam is to suspend hollow balls, cones, boxes,
tubes, and suitable shapes of metal filled with fluid over or into a fire, or gas and
oil jets connected with suitable supports and lever arrangements, by which samo
can be adjusted, raised, or lowered. Small pipes, flexible or otherwise, of any
length, size, or number, can be connected with the doubled plates and tubes
aforesaid, so as to form a flow and return arrangement both for heating and cooling
purposes, and for carrying off products of combustion or otherwise. These doubled
plates or metals can be suspended or worked on hollow pivots if required, and can
bo set at any angle. By syphon arrangements in connection with the hollow
pivots, plates, and metals aforesaid, the fluids are compelled to return from the
bottom of the "doubled "plates, although they may be suspended on pivots or at a
higher level. The connecting pipes aforesaid can be branched into any heating or
circulating system in buildings. Pipes and coils in connection with the "doubled
plates" may also be used for refrigerating, cooling, and medical purposes. The
'doubled plates" and metals may be made of various sizes and shapes for heating,
drying, and cooling, such as for skirtings, dados, &c., linings for walls, railway
carriages, closets, cisterns, baths, wine bins, milk cans, kilns, and forcing pits.
Further, movable or fixed screens of the "doubled plates" may be placed in any
position required, and in connection with said appliances for heating and ventilation
together with inlets and outlets, so that air may be supplied where required either
warmed or cooled by the action of the fluids between the "doubled plates" (and
doubled tubes) aforesaid, which will be rectilinenr, curvilinear, or corrugated, or of
plain forin as required. Ventilation may be effected by air, vapour, or steam
playing upon the plates and tubes when hot or cold, but by my constructions same
can be assisted by capillary attraction of the corrugated or other shaped doubled
plates (or doubled tubes) aforesaid, which will be constructed and placed so as to
adinit of inlet and outlet movements of air, vapour, or steam, for the purpose of
supplying and changing such air, vapour, or steam in the hollow spaces of the
doubled plates and doubled tubes aforesaid.
In connection with the purposes and constructions aforesaid, and as hereinafter
more particularly described, I make and use doubled plates (Fig. 1) of any
metal wrought or cast in one or more pieces, or of earthenware or other suitable
material corrugated, curved, angular, crimped, made rigid, being rivetted at
intervals internally, same being of various and suitable shapes and dimensions,
galvanized, tinned, plated, or otherwise, but having spaces apart, so as to form
small intervals or cells for the reception of and dealing with water, air, glycerine,
steam, or other compounds or fluids distributed into films (heated or cooled), and
for the purpose of altering the temperature, heating or cooling atmospheric air in
combination with ventilation. For example, the doubled plates aforesaid may be
th of an inch apart, or an inch apart, more or less, the said plates may be joined

page_text: 1
at their sections or openings by folding, wrapping, bolting, rivetting at edges and
intervals of surfaces, soldering, or by the introduction of strips of metals, india
rubber, or other compounds, or by being inserted into grooves of metal or other
material, and run together with molten metal, or by being caulked, or by such
other means as will render them water, steam, and air tight. The doubled plates
aforesaid may also be inade flat or in pannelled form, and be lined or faced with
tiles, ornamental or plain, or with drapery, papier maché, or other materials. For
the better radiation of heat they may be enamelled in different colours, decorated
or blackened. Leading to the said intervals or cells in the doubled plates tubing,
with union or other joints, is attached to the said doubled plates for circulating
fluids and steam, also for introducing air for warming or cooling purposes.
Also such doubled plates can have hollow tubular pivots attached, by means of
which they can be suspended on frames or supports, so that they may be placed or
set at any angle or horizontally for medical or other purposes. These doubled
plates on said supports or on feet may be noved about as screens (see Fig. 2
and 2) for warming places and things, or for receiving bedding and drying linen,
or eggs for incubation, also for seasoning wood, and for many other useful purposes.
The said hollow pivots, or one of them, is connected with a pipe or tubes running
down towards the bottom of the doubled plates in syphon fashion (see Fig. 2), thus
water admitted at the inlet pivot or elsewhere must travel near the bottom of the
doubled plates aforesaid before it can escape on its return to the boiler or source of
heat at the hollow exit pipe, consequently the whole surface of the said doubled
plates are kept at the desired temperature, notice of which can be given by my
automatic alarms (vide my Letters Patent dated April 20th, 1880, No. 1614).
Such screens may be constructed to fold, and of fancy shapes, and supplied. with
suitable bases or feet. The contents may be actuated by any independent
source for altering and controlling their temperature, such as oil, spirit, gas, or
other heating jets, which may be placed on or in connection with their bases or
supports (Fig. 3).
The said doubled plates may be constructed of suitable sizes and adapted for
various positions, for instances, under or near windows or other openings, in railway
carriages or other conveyances, linen or other closets and shelves, laundries, baths,
cisterns, wine bins, milk cans, churns, kilns, forcing houses and pits, greenhouses,
conservatories, and any such-like enclosed spaces, and they may be joined up
continuously; or by piping, union joints, tubing of any lengths, and connected with
inlets and outlets, by means of which they will be brought into operation at any
distance and to any extent in enclosed spaces or other positions, as required. One
method I adopt for securing the more equal heating of the doubled plates when
placed at distances is to introduce the hot water from the flow pipo or tank
separately, or by separate pipes (see Fig. 4), into one or more of the double plates,
thus securing a more equal temperature than when the hot water passes from one
doubled plato to another. The pipes conveying this water may or will be felted
or covered with slag, wool, or other non conducting substance.
In combination with the doubled plates and constructions aforesaid I embrace
an improve source or system of ventilation by forming rectilinear angular troughs
or other suitable receptacles fitting the dimensions of the said plates, and placed at
base or elsewhere, so that air external to the enclosed spaces after being admitted
into the troughs traverses along and up the doubled plates, principally at the back
of them (and especially so by heating the plates). These appliances prevent draught,
as air is spread and distributed during its admission. In continuation of the
dimensions or shapes of the doubled plates I carry up corrugated and other shaped
panelling of wood, iron, canvas, or other suitable material above them to line the
walls of enclosed or open spaces, by which means the air admitted as aforesaid is
carried up automatically, and is injected into the enclosed spaces or rooms at any
height or elevation desired, according to the extent or height of the panelling, or
through openings in it, or the air may be carried up to higher storeys, as required.
By means of these combinations large surfaces, such as walls and other parts of

page_text: buildings and places, will be warmed and kept free from cold by means of the
doubled plates when heated, which will prevent abstraction and radiation of heat
from persons and things in rooms and enclosed spaces. The chilling of air from
glazed windows and openings is checked, temperature of rooms is kept up and
more equalized, and the effects of radiant heat from open fire-places are promoted
and increased. When iron panelling is adopted oxidized or prepared metal plates
may be used and fixed in hospitals or infirmaries, and may be cleansed by applying
a flare of gas and atmospheric air, as in Fig. 5 (on the Bunsen principle), to their
surface, and thus destroying sources of infection. Also for the purposes and
ventilation aforesaid I use in combination with corrugated or other double plates
my indented pipes for lining walls (Fig. 10 to 15 of my Patent, No. 4428, A.D.
1878), or whero walls are built with them these pipes are placed so as to cover or
be connected in a line with the flutings and corrugations of the said doubled
plates, and will convey the air injected or admitted, as aforesaid, into or up the
said pipes, and so tho air travels where required, and heat is stored up, rendering
walls, spaces, or enclosed places dry and warm, as required (Fig. 6.)
Also for purposes aforesaid, and for producing and introducing warmed air into
enclosed spaces and places in contra-distinction to cold atmospheric air and without
chilling the air of the rooms, I use corrugated or other shaped tubular doubled
plates heated and placed vertically or at any angle, and of any length and size,
the temperature of air in passing over and through them being raised, and thus
air external to the enclosed spaces is admitted so as to keep up warmth, whilst the
movement of the air supplies and changes the air in enclosed spaces. The doubled
tubular plates may be round, oblong, square, corrugated, or other approved shape,
with projecting flangs, and same may be introduced into and on to them, and
they may be lined or covered with metal, wood, earthenware, or other suitable
materials, or have ornamental devices or slips of double plating aforesaid, and said
doubled plates may be introduced into any tubes or channels now in use for heating
or ventilating purposes (Fig. 7,7%, and 7b.) Medicated or plain-cotton wadding, &c.,
may be placed inside the tubes. Valves may be placed so as to prevent cold
atmospheric air passing through the plates into enclosed spaces when warıned air
is not required. The aforesaid warmed doubled plates can be placed and fixed for
inlet purposes aforesaid, or for carrying off exhausted or vitiated air.
Should any
down draught occur the air will be warmed by passing over the surfaces of the
doubled plates before reaching the enclosed spaces. For promoting or increasing
the heating and drawing power of such doubled plates for inlet or exhaust purposes,
one method amongst others I adopt is to form doubled tapering plates, corrugated,
plain, or otherwise, with or without ornamental devices upon them, and connected
with air-shafts external or otherwise to the enclosed spaces. The dimensions of
these tapering constructions may be such as to form tables, seats, or they may
assume other forms required for any position in buildings, whilst the temperature
of the air is altered by passing between and over the surfaces of the tapering
plates. Also for the purposes aforesaid, for inlet or exhaust powers and purposes,
I use doubled plates of circular, oblong, or other suitable formis, mostly placed hori-
zontally (Fig. 8, and 8ª, and 8b); amongst other advantages I especially guard against
the effects of descending or down draughts of cold air, for whereas currents of air
in my doubled plates of whatever form will generally run upwards, yet said down
draughts occur through changes of wind, opening or shutting of doors, windows,
and so forth. Such down or inlet currents will enter enclosed spaces at a higher
temperature to that of air external to them through having to course its
way along the heated doubled plates aforesaid (Fig. 8). Also any of the doubled
plates as aforesaid can be placed near together or side by side at intervals,
and in any numbers as required for laundries or drying purposes, or to take
the place of coils as now used. They can also be placed in trenches and covered
in with ornamental or plain cases and gratings, and these doubled plates can be
formed into architectural shapes for any of the purposes aforesaid (Fig. 9 and 9º.)

page_text: Also for heating any of the doubled plates and devices by ordinary fires without
any special sources of heat, I suspend hollow balls or cones of copper or other metal
filled with water, &c., to the upper portion of iron or metal standards or 'dogs,"
and arrange them so as to swing or be swung over any fire or source of heat.
These hollow metal balls or other shaped metals will be actuated as to position by
suitable mechanism and adjusting rack and screw work which will enable them to
be raised, lowered, or moved sideways, or swung off the fire altogether when not
required, or for cleaning purposes, whilst the pipes connected with the said balls,
cones, &c., move with them and are continued or carried to the doubled plates as
aforesaid, the temperature of which by heating their contents is being raised as
required.
Owing to the space the hollow balls or cones, or both, occupy in the grate, stove,
or fire box, fuel is saved, whilst true economy is also obtained by thus heating the
doubled plates aforesaid (Fig. 10). Coils may be placed in grates and actuated as
aforesaid for similar purposes. Another method I adopt for heating the said
doubled plates is by introducing a flare of gas and atmospheric air on the Bunsen
principle into the spaces between the doubled plates by means of a split or
perforated pipe conveying the same, and fixed to their lower edge so that heat may
be conveyed along their whole length, or as required. The products of combustion,
vapor, water, or steam, will be carried off by outlet or inlet pipes, whilst the
corrugated or other forms of my constructions will materially assist the radiation
of heat by means of air playing upon my doubled plates or constructions, and
which will be brought into operation in combination with any of the aforesaid
arrangements for ventilation, Fig. 11 & 11a. Also I use doubled sheets of india-
rubber, mackintosh, or such like waterproof and flexible compounds for medical
purposes, and into which heated or cold fluids are admitted for circulation as
aforesaid. These doubled flexible sheets can be formed into any required shapes
for invalids, and being fastened at intervals in and during their manufacture are
prevented from expanding too openly or freely; as, for instance, double sheeting,
wrappers, jackets, trousers, and other garments can be produced and used in cases
of illness, collapse, &c., and worn by persons requiring the application of particular
temperature to their bodies. These doubled flexible plates or sheets can be either
warmed or cooled by the circulating processes aforesaid. Receptacles for spirit or
other lamps or for chemical compounds for producing heat or cold can be provided
by the wearer of these garments or fabrics.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of my
said Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed or put in practice,
I hereby declare that I claim the said Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus or
Appliances for Heating, Cooling, and Ventilating, and the Application thereof," sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described, and specially the construction of doubled plates
formed of corrugated or crimped section, between which fluids, air, vapours, gay, or
compounds are introduced to be heated or cooled, and the combination with
ventilation if need be, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth
and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Edward Pritchett have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of October, in the year of our Lord