Improvements in Hydraulic and other Power Brakes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd July, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Apr., 1891-Accepted, 2nd May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic and other Power Brakes.
I, BOB JONES of Sunnyside Lynton in the County of Devon Builder and
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the manner in which I construct and arrange brakes to
be worked by the motive power of the cars, engines, or other vehicle to which
they are applied, for arresting the speed or motion of such cars, engines or other
vehicles for running upon metal rails.
In carrying my invention into effect when constructing a brake to be applied to
a car for running upon an incline lift or cliff railway, I place an eccentric or a
number of eccentrics upon the axle shaft of the car, and I attach to each eccentric
a pump plunger, or piston which I fit into a hydraulic or other pump carried upon
the frame work of the car- -The liquid or air when air is employed as the motive
power, I cause to be conveyed and to enter into a ram or number of ram cylinders
carried preferably immediately above the rail surface. Within each of the ram
cylinders I place a ram and I connect the ram to a shoe or slipper block which is
capable of being pressed on to the surface of the rail and thereby causing the car
to be raised from the rails:-That is to say I cause the pressure from the pump
cylinder to cause the ram or plunger to force down the shoe or brake block and
to press upon the surface of the rails with sufficient energy to raise the wheels of
the car from off the rails and thus to allow the weight of the car to be carried
upon the brake shoes instead of upon the wheels. By this arrangement when the
wheels are raised from one end of the vehicle on the inclined railway then the
wheels carrying the major part of the load are free to revolve without causing
the car to travel along; and the load being carried upon a plain flat surface
instead of upon a round revolving one, the motion of the car is more speedily
arrested than would be possible by any ordinary application of brake pressure to
the surface of the wheels themselves.
I prefer to employ a pair of pumps to work in duplicate into the brake plunger
cylinders so that the trouble and chances of mechanical imperfection may be
minimised.
The brake shoes I make in the form of slides of steel or other hard material,.
and I sometimes pivot the slide frames to the ends of the plunger instead of
attaching it in a rigid ordinary manner.
I employ a brake with its cylinder upon each side of the car so that each rail is
pressed upon by the brake blocks-and in order to form a reserve I sometimes
employ an accumulator or reservoir from which I take off the pressure to work
into the brake cylinders, instead of taking the pressure direct from the pumps.
The pumps I allow to be continually running when pumping into an accumulator
and by a suitable arrangement of valves and trip gear, I allow the pressure to
escape when the, accumulator is fully charged:-I direct the pressure into the
brake cylinder and then apply the brake by means of a system of levers and valves.
arranged in any well known mechanical and ordinary manner.
I sometimes arrange a clutch and a system of levers to control the same for
throwing the pumps in and out of gear; so that when the brakes are to be applied
the pumps are set to work. Instead of employing hand clutch gear to throw the_
brakes into action, I sometimes adopt automatic controlling clutches for causing
the pumps to start working whenever a certain predetermined speed has been
attained thereby acting as a governor or speed regulator brake.
I employ any well known or usual type of pump for giving the pressure to work
the brakes and I adopt any ordinary clutch and system of mechanical controlling

page_text: .
levers for setting the same into motion. By this arrangement of my present
invention the motion of the car itself is utilized for applying the brakes and thus a
pressure proportional to the amount of momentum is given to the brake blocks for
arresting the motion of the engine, car, or other vehicle to which the brakes are
applied, and the stopping of the revolution of the axles driving the pump is
sufficient to prevent any further brake pressure being applied except when used in
conjunction with an accumulator.
I do not limit the application of my invention to any particular form of vehicle
or engine, but employ the same system of construction when applying my improved
brake to an ordinary tramcar engine or railway vehicle, as hereinbefore described
when used upon a car running upon an incline railway.
Similarly I employ any kind of liquid to be drawn from a small tank or reservoir
carried upon the engine or vehicle, for working the brake plungers, or I employ
steam or air pumps to work in the same manner when such would be more con-
venient, and when steam could be obtained from the engines direct to work the
pump or the plungers.
Dated this 1st day of July 1890.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic and other Power Brakes.
I, BOB JONES, of Sunnyside, Lynton, in the County of Devon, Builder and
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the manner in which I construct and arrange brakes to
be worked by the motive power of the car, engine or other vehicle to which they
are applied, for arresting the speed or motion of such cars, engines or other vehicles
for running upon metal rails.
In carrying my invention into effect when constructing a brake to be applied to
a car for running upon an incline lift or cliff railway, I place an eccentric or a
number of eccentrics upon the axle shaft of the car or to a shaft driven by the axle
shaft, and I attach to each eccentric a pump plunger or piston which I fit into a
hydraulic or other pump carried upon the frame work of the car. The liquid or
air when air is employed as the motive power, I cause to be conveyed and to enter
into a ram or number of ram cylinders carried preferably immediately above the
rail surface. Within each of the ram cylinders I place a ram and I connect the
ram to, or cause it to press into a shoe or slipper block which is capable of being
pressed on to the surface of the rail and thereby causing the car to be raised from
the rails. That is to say, I cause the pressure from the pump cylinder to cause the
rams or plungers to force down the shoes or brake blocks and to press upon
the surface of the rails with sufficient energy to raise the wheels of the car from off
the rails and thus to allow the weight of the car to be carried upon the brake shoes
instead of upon the wheels. By this arrangement when the vehicle on the inclined
railway is raised then the wheels which ordinarily carry the load are free to revolve
without causing the car to travel along; and the load being carried upon a plain
flat surface instead of upon a round revolving one, the motion of the car is more
speedily arrested than would be possible by any ordinary application of brake
pressure to the surface of the wheels themselves. prefer to employ a pair of
pumps to work in duplicate into the brake plunger cylinders so that the trouble
and chances of mechanical imperfection may be minimised.
The brake shoes I make in the form of slides of steel, iron, wood, or other
suitable material, and 1 sometimes pivot the slide frames to the ends of the

page_text: plungers or attach the slide frames to the frame of the vehicle and cause the ends
of the rams or plungers to press upon them instead of attaching them in a rigid
ordinary manner.
I employ a brake with its cylinder upon each side of the car so that each rail is
pressed upon by the brake blocks, and in order to form a reserve I sometimes
employ an accumulator or reservoir from which I take off the pressure to work into
the brake cylinders, instead of taking the pressure direct from the pumps.
The pumps I allow to be continually running when pumping into an accumulator
and by a suitable arrangement of valves and trip gear, I allow the pressure to
escape when the accumulator is fully charged. I direct the pressure into the brake
cylinder and then apply the brake by means of a system of levers and valves.
arranged in any well known mechanical and ordinary manner.
I sometimes arrange a clutch and a system of levers to control the same for
throwing the pumps in and out of gear; so that when the brakes are to be applied
the pumps are set to work. Instead of employing hand clutch gear to throw the
brakes into action, I sometimes adopt automatic controlling clutches for causing the
pumps to start working whenever a certain predetermined speed has been attained
thereby acting as a governor or speed regulator brake. I employ any well known
or usual type of pump for giving the pressure to work the brakes, and I adopt any
ordinary clutch and system of mechanical controlling levers for setting the same
into motion. By this arrangement of my present invention the motion of the car
itself is utilized for applying the brakes and thus a pressure proportional to the
amount of momentum is given to the brake blocks for arresting the motion of the
engine, car or other vehicle to which the brakes are applied, and the stopping of
the revolution of the axles driving the pump is sufficient to prevent any further
brake pressure being applied except when used in conjunction with an accumulator.
I do not limit the application of my invention to any particular form of vehicle
or engine, but employ the same system of construction when applying my improved
brake to an ordinary tram car engine or railway vehicle, as herein before described
when used upon a car running upon an incline railway.
Similarly I employ any kind of liquid to be drawn from a small tank or reservoir
carried upon the engine or vehicle, for working the brake plungers, or I employ
steam or air pumps to work in the same manner when such would be more con-
venient and when steam could be obtained from the engines direct to work the pump
or the plungers.
In order that my invention may be readily understood I append hereunto three
sheets of explanatory drawings in which the same letters of reference indicate the
same parts throughout.
On Sheet 1 Figure 1 is a side elevation and Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of a
form of brake I sometimes adopt in which A is the cylinder having within it a
working ram or plunger B which carries at its lower extremity the brake shoe or
slipper C together with its sliding box D which is free to move on the slide d
formed upon or secured to the end of the ram for the purpose of permitting the
brake shoe and its box to accommodate itself to variations of gauge or deviation in
the form of the rails. I support the ram B by the bracket E and I also guide and
support the box D by means of the bracket F. The liquid under pressure is
received in the cylinder through the pipe G, passing into the space g g above the
ram for the purpose of forcing it down and with it its connected brake block C on
to the surface of the rails L. When the brake block wears I adjust it by means of
the screws H, H which press on to the packing or bearing strip J; and when the
brake block wears completely away I renew it by removing the cover plate K.
On Sheet 2 Figure 3 is an elevation of my improved brake block when applied
to an incline lift or tramway, in which A is the cylinder, B the ram, C the brake
shoe, and L the rails. M is an eccentric which I secure in any ordinary manner to
the axle n of the car wheel N, the eccentric rod O being connected to the plunger p
which works within the barrel of the pump P. The water or anti-freezing liquid
which I sometimes place within a feed tank R carried in any convenient position

page_text: upon the side frame or underframe of the car or vehicle, I convey by means of the
pipe to the pump suction box P1 admitting to the pump barrel, from which it is
forced through the pipes 1, 2, to the valve S which in its normal condition I keep
open for the purpose of allowing a clear passage through the pipe S¹ back to the
feed tank R when the brake block is not to be forced down.
Upon a suitably shaped bracket X I mount a centrifugal governor a¹, 2, and
give motion to its spindle by means of a pair of bevel wheels,, driven by the
pitch chain, belt or cord a from the spindle n' of the wheel N'. Between the
collars of the sliding sleeve I place a forked lever T¹ having a vertical lever or
link T for communicating with the hand or foot of the attendant. When the car
attains a predetermined speed the motion of the governor weights.¹ causes the
sleeve to rise and to carry upwards the forked lever T'; this lever T¹ being
connected to the valve spindle 2 closes the valve S, so that the liquid having no
escape past the valve freely enters by the pipes U U₁ the cylinder A there forcing
down the ram and its brake shoe on to the rail L, thereby raising the wheel N¹
from off the rail surface. On each side of the car or underframe I arrange similar
cylinders A, and permit the water to pass through the pipe U₁ from the governor
or shut-off valve S on the one side to the cylinder on the opposite side.
I do not always control the valve S by the action of the governor but I arrange
a hand or foot lever from T to work on to the forked lever T¹ so that whenever
desired the attendant or operator can apply the car raising brake by depressing the
lever T, thus arresting the car, engine or other vehicle at any desired position upon
the rails.
In order that the wheels may not be raised too high from off the rails I place a
bracket V upon the underframe or side frame of the car and mount a brake slipper
and sliding box V V upon the same for the purpose of permitting the load of the
carriage or car to be distributed upon the brake shoes V and C instead of being
borne by the wheels N N¹. Sometimes I arrange hydraulic cylinders and rams
such as A, B to work the end block V instead of employing a fixed brake block and
fixed bracket as illustrated. I cause the ram B to return or make its back stroke
by means of the drawback spring W.
On Sheet 3, Figure 4 is a detailed elevation and Figure 5 is a detailed plan of
a tram car bogie truck having my improved car raising brake system applied
thereto. A is the brake cylinder, the brake shoe and L the surface of the rails.
P the pump, having its plunger p driven by the eccentric M attached to the wheel
axle or a shaft actuated by the same. R is the feed tank with the suction pipe r.
S is the release valve placed preferably near to the driver or attendant for con-
venience of manipulating and for perfect control; S' is the return pipe and U the
brake supply pipe leading to the cylinder A and by means of the pipe U¹ to the
similar cylinder on the opposite side of the car. W W are the draw back springs
for ensuring the return of the ram which I sometimes arrange to work upon
the ram.
The action of the valve S and the controlling lever T is the same as hereinbefore
described when applied to the underframe of an incline lift car; viz.-the water or
liquid being always pumped from and to the tank R without passing to the brake
cylinders, but when the valve S is opened, either by means of levers or link T, or
by means of an ordinary hand wheel placed upon the valve spindle, then the water
or liquid forces down the brake shoes and thus raising the car off the rails prevents
its further motion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :--
(1) The combination and arrangement of a vehicle, engine, or car raising brake,
having cylinders and rams communicating or connected directly to brake slippers,
which are capable of being forced on to the upper surface of the rails by means of
pressure communicated to the cylinders from a pump worked off the axle of the car,

page_text: SUM
engine or vehicle substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and
as set forth.
(2) The combination and arrangement of a pump worked direct from the axle
of an engine, car, or other vehicle, for supplying pressure to car raising or vertical
rail pressing brake cylinders, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and as set forth.
(3) The combination and arrangement of a valve controlled by a wheel or lever
for permitting the liquid under pressure from the axle driven pump, to pass either
to the car raising brake cylinders, or to return to the feed tank as may be desired
by the operator, substantially as described and as set forth in the accompanying
drawings.
(4) The combination and arrangement of a car raising brake having a sliding
box to carry a slipper, for the purpose of following any irregularity or variation in
the position of the rails, substantially as described and as set forth.
(5) The construction and arrangement of vertical or inclined hydraulic or other
pressure supplied cylinders for pressing brake slippers on to the upper surface of
the rails for the purpose of arresting the motion of a car, engine or other vehicle for
running upon railways or tramways substantially as hereinbefore described and as
set forth in the accompanying drawings.
(6) The application and arrangement of adjustable and renewable slippers or
brake blocks for raising the cars vehicles, or engines for running upon railways or
tramways substantially as described and as set forth.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.