Means and Apparatus to be Used therefor.
Year: 1885

page_text: Means and Apparatus to be Used therefor.
I, JULIUS CSETE of Pugh Road Aston near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
If 'IMPROVEMENTS IN FREEZING OR REFRIGERATING LIQUIDS, AND IN MEANS AND
APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to the means or apparatus for producing artificial
cold in a simpler and more efficient manner than hereto-fore, and thereby the
production of ice in solid blocks. The process of refrigorating or freezing being
effected by the evaporation of the liquid to be frozen.
Ice has hitherto been produced artificially in a variety of ways, oither by freezing
mixtures, or by freezing directly by other means, such as the gradual introduction
of the liquid to be frozen in thin streams above the frozen surface, and so forming
ice in separate layers or stratums by rapid evaporation of the streams of liquid
successively introduced. This last named process was somewhat efficient in the
rapid production of ice, but the great draw back to its success came from the fact
that the successive layers separated themselves from each other; so that a block of
ice could be readily pulled to pieces or broken up which was objectionable; and
moreover, only one freezing surface obtained in each chamber. Now my invention
consists primarily in the production of solid blocks of ice by the process or com-
bination of processes and apparatus as hereinafter described. The freezing chamber
is preferably square in cross section, and is provided with a series of ledges upou
which trays or moulds containing the liquid to be frozen are supported. These
trays or moulds are separated on all sides by intervening spaces above, between
and around them. The sides supporting the ledges form partitions between the
said sides and the outer wood casing or lagging; and the intervening space between
the suid outer casing and partition is filled with salt. A pipe or passage communi-
cates from the freezing chamber to the acid chamber which is situated below the
refrigerating chamber; the connection between the two chambers is effected by a
stop cock situated at the summit of a pillar like passage situated between the
freezing and acid chainbers described. This pillar like passage is partially divided,
so that the air pump can bo in communication both with the acid and freezing
chamber, or with the freezing chamber only. This is for the purpose of extracting
from the freezing chamber, all moisture contained therein, prior to the freezing and
acid chambers being in communication with each other; this is most essential from
the fact, that if the freezing chamber be opened to the acid chamber, other than
when exhaustion is taking place, the moisture arising from the water in the pans
to be frozen is absorbed by the acid which becomes greatly diluted and weakened
and consequently lessened in effect. Connection between the pump and the two
chambers being effected by small passages or pipes one leading to the acid chamber,

page_text: and the other to the freezing chamber, communication being made respectively or
collectively by a three way cock. All joints are made air-tight between the
chambers and other parts constituting the refrigerating apparatus.
The process of freezing or refrigerating is conducted as follows. Shut off the
cock so as separate the acid chamber from the freezing chamber, then work the air
pump, so as to draw all air and moisture held in suspension from the freezing
chamber, which air and moisture is discharged into the atmosphere. When this
has been effected, turn again the cock, so as to open communication between the
freezing and acid chamber. The air pump being still worked so as to produce the
necessary exhaustion, and consequently producing evaporation above, below and
around the liquid contained within the trays or moulds, thereby producing within
the said moulds or trays, blocks of solid ice.
It is to be observed that sulphuric acid, or other chemical equivalents having a
greater finitive for water is contained in the acid chamber over which the air from
the freezing chamber passes on its way to the pump; so that instantly communi-
cation is made between the freezing and acid chamber, and the air from the
freezing chamber is drawn over the acid and discharged by the pump; then
freezing sets in, and the liquid in the trays or moulds falling in vacuo, become
frozen into solid blocks, as evaporation is conducted from the top, while freezing
takes place from all sides, so obtaining a greater number of freezing surfaces and a
greater production of solid ice with a less amount of power and material than has
heretofore been employed.
The air pump has outlet and inlet valves, and the pump may be worked by hand
or by steam power.
To open the freezing chamber, to withdraw the trays of ice which are arranged
in tiers, a valve is provided at the crown of the freezing chamber for admitting air
thereto, after the freezing process has been conducted, for the opening of swing or
other doors.
The acid chamber is of a U form, with the terminal ends passing into the pillar
passage leading to and from the freezing chamber and exhaustion pump. The
moulds or trays are preferably square or rectangular which shape offers greater
facilities for the storage of the ice produced within them.
Instead of one, two or more freezing chambers may be employed. The whole of
the refrigerating apparatus is supported upon a suitable base plate.
The exhaustion pump is so arranged, that almost a perfect vacuum is obtained
by an automatic arrangement which compels the piston to touch both top and
bottom of the air pump, on each stroke. This is effected by a spring arrangement
which allows or compels the piston to take a full touch both top and bottom, so
that the expansion produced by the spring, always compels the piston to fill up the
ends of the pump cylinder.
Where liquids are only required to be reduced in temperature, a refrigerating
coil is placed within the freezing chamber, and the liquid to be cooled is passed
through the said coil. The freezing chamber contains a quantity of brine to assist
in obtaining the reduction of temperature, instead of employing fresh water that
would solidify on the production of evaporation.
The salt disposed between the outer casing, and the partition supporting the
tray ledges, greatly assists the reduction of temperature within the freezing
chamber.
JULIUS CSETE.
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham,
Agent to the Applicant.

page_text: Means and Apparatus to be Used therefor.
I, JULIUS CSETE of Pugh Road Aston near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FREEZING OR REFRIGERATING LIQUIDS AND IN MEANS AND
APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
"
My invention has reference to the means or apparatus for producing artificial
cold in a simpler and more efficient manner than heretofore, and thereby the
production of ice in solid blocks-The process of refrigerating or freezing being
effected by the evaporation of the liquid to be frozen.
Ice has hitherto been produced artificially in a variety of ways, either by.
freezing mixtures, or by freezing directly by other means, such as the gradual
introduction of the liquid to be frozen in thin streams above the frozen surface, and
so forming ice in separate layers or stratums by rapid evaporation of the streams
of liquid successively introduced-This last named process was somewhat efficient
in the rapid production of ice, but the great draw back to its success came from
the fact that the successive layers separated themselves from each other; so that a
block of ice could be readily pulled to pieces or broken up which was objectionable,
and moreover, only one freezing surface was obtained in each chamber. Now my
invention consists primarily in the production of solid blocks of ice by the process
or combination of processes and apparatus hereinafter described.
The freezing chamber wherein ice moulds are suspended or placed, is made either
square or circular in cross section according to the shape of the moulds to be used.
When the moulds are suspended from a plate in the case of open freezing, a ledge
is provided, on which the mould plate rests, and when pans or trays are used in
close freezing, a series of ledges are provided on the inside of the freezing chamber
and upon which the moulds or trays to be frozen are supported one above another.
These trays or moulds are separated on all sides by intervening spaces above,
between and around them. The sides supporting the ledges form partitions
between the said sides and the outer wood casing or lagging, and the intervening
space between the said outer casing and partition is filled with salt. A pipe or
passage communicates from the freezing chamber to the acid chamber which is
situated below the refrigerating chamber; the connection between the two chambers
is effected by a stop cock situated at the summit of a one of two pillar like passages
situated between the freezing and acid chambers described. These pillar like
passages are so arranged that the air pump can be in communication both with
the acid and freezing chamber, or with the freezing chamber only. This is for the
purpose of extracting from the acid and freezing chambers, all moisture contained
therein, prior to the said freezing and acid chambers being in communication with
each other; this is most essential from the fact, that if the freezing chamber be
opened to the acid chamber, other than when exhaustion for freezing is taking

page_text: place, the moisture arising from the water in the pans to be frozen and also the
moisture arising from the acid and brine, is absorbed by the acid, which in
consequence becomes greatly diluted and weakened and thereby lessened in effect.
Connection between the pump, and the two chambers being effected by small
passages or pipes, one leading to the acid chamber, and the other to the freezing
chamber communication being made respectively or collectively by a two other
way cock. All joints are made air tight by rubber packing interposed between the
chamber top and other removable parts constituting the refrigerating apparatus.
The process of freezing or refrigerating is conducted as follows. Shut off the
cock so as to separate the acid chamber from the freezing chamber, then work the
air pump, so as to draw all air and moisture held in suspension from the freezing
chamber, which air and moisture is discharged into the atmosphere. When this
has been effected, turn again the cock, so as to open communication between the
freezing and acid chamber; the air pump being still worked, so as to produce
the necessary exhaustion, and consequently evaporation above, below and around
the liquid contained within the trays or moulds, thereby producing within the said
moulds or trays, blocks of solid ice.
It is to be observed that sulphuric acid, or other chemical equivalents having a
greater affinity for water, is contained in the acid chamber over which the air
from the freezing chamber passes on its way to the pump; so that instantly
communication is established between the freezing and acid chamber and also the
air from the freezing chamber drawn circuitously over the acid, and discharged by
the pump, then freezing sets in, and the liquid in the trays or moulds, falling in
vacuo, the water contained therein becomes frozen into solid blocks of ice.
The arrangement of the moulds with intervening spaces between them affords a
greater number of freezing surfaces, and a greater production of solid ice with a less
amount of power and material expended.
The air pump has outlet and inlet valves, and the pump may be worked by hand
or steam power.
To open the freezing chamber, to withdraw the trays or moulds of ice, a valve is
provided at the crown of the freezing chamber for admitting air thereto, after the
freezing process has been conducted, thus allowing the door or doors to be opened.
The acid chamber is of a U form, with the terminal ends passing into the pillar
passages leading to and from the freezing chamber and exhaust-pump. The moulds
or trays are preferably square or rectangular which shape offers greater facilities;
for the storage of the ice produced within them.
Two or more freezing chambers may be worked from a single air pump, instead
of employing one pump for each freezing or refrigerating machine.
The exhaust-pump is so arranged, that almost a perfect vacuum is obtained by
an automatic arrangement which compels the piston to touch both top and bottom
of the air pump, on each stroke. This is effected by a spring arrangement which
allows or compels the piston to take a full touch, both top and bottom; so that
the spring or springs always compel the piston to fill up the ends of the pump
cylinder.
Where liquids are only required to be reduced in temperature, a refrigerating
coil is placed within the freezing chamber, and the liquid to be cooled is passed
through the said coil. The freezing chamber contains a quantity of brine to assist
in obtaining the reduction of temperature, instead of employing fresh water that
would solidify on the production of evaporation.
The salt disposed between the outer casing, and the partition of the freezing
chamber greatly assists the reduction of temperature within the said freezing
chamber.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings
the manner in which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a freezing or refrigerating machine
constructed according to my invention. Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of
the said machine upon the dotted lines A B figure 1; that is, the section is taken

page_text: across the double pillar and acid receiver. Figure 3 is a plan of the freezing
chamber, showing how the ice moulds are disposed with respect to each other so
as to admit of rapid freezing by leaving intervening spaces between and around
the moulds. Figure 4 is a horizontal section of the acid receiver showing the
duplex pillar end of the said receiver partly in elevation.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures
of the Drawings.
a is the freezing chamber, preferably square in horizontal cross section, as shown
at figure 3, wherein the ice making moulds b hang or depend. The said moulds
are carried by the supporting plate 6 which rests upon an india rubber seating b³,
so as to close communication between the removable top or lid c², and the freezing
chamber a surrounded by the wood casing or lagging c. The hanging or suspended
moulds b, are separated on all sides by intervening spaces between and around
then-d is a partition enclosing or surrounding the freezing chamber, and the
intervening space between the said partition d, and the outer casing is filled with
salt e.
The freezing chamber a has resting at its bottom a strong brine solution e¹
the surface of which comes within a short distance of the bottom of the suspended
moulds, but leaving sufficient space for free circulation. The mould plate 6º is
provided with handles b* for convenience of lifting the moulds from the freezing
chamber, on the cover being removed. The joint b³ of india rubber which is inter-
posed between the mould plate 6 and the freezing chamber top, is for the purpose
of hermetrically sealing the junctions of the parts. f is a pipe or passage leading
from the freezing chamber to the acid chamber g g¹. f is a valve on the summit
of the passage to admit air into the freezing chamber for destroying the vacuum
after ice has been made. When this air valve is screwed down to its scat, when
the machine is in use, the top chamber of it is covered with clear water.
hh are
pillar passages leading to and from the acid chamber or receiver g g¹ and to and
from the freezing or refrigerating chamber a. The pillar passage is provided at
its upper end with a plug valve or cock i, which shuts off communication, or opens
and closes the connection between the freezing and acid chambers; so that when
the cock is in the position shown at figure 1, the air pump can be in communication
with both the freezing and acid chambers; and when turned at right angles to its
former position, the air pump can only be in communication with the freezing
chamber. This is for the purpose of extracting from the freezing chamber all rising
moisture contained therein, prior to the freezing and acid chambers being allowed
to be in communication with each other. This is a most essential element in the
arrangement of the machine, as the freezing chamber is only open when exhaustion
is taking place. Were it not for this preliminary exhaustion, the moisture arising
from the brine would be absorbed by the acid which would consequently become
greatly diluted and weakened and its refrigerating effect lessened.
When the cock i is closed, communication between the pump and freezing
chamber is effected through the pipe j, and connection between the pump and the
acid chamber through the pipe which leads into the pillar chamber h³. The top
of the said pillar h³ is partitioned or stopped off.
The opening and closing of the passages being determined by the two way or
outlet valve, the pump passage being marked while the air pump barrel is
marked k.
Working within the acid chamber g of the combined chambers g g¹ is a spiral
vane, or acid agitator 7, mounted upon an axis working within bearings ³ ³ in
the fixed framing carried by the base plate m. g³ is an aperture or opening leading
from one acid chamber to the other. The surface of the sulphuric acid or other
chemical equivalent n lies above the said aperture, so that on the vane or endless
screw being rotated, the acid in the chambers is displaced and fresh acid exposed
under the hollow pillar h-g' is the inlet aperture for introducing acid into the
chamber. g is a screw cap and go a screw spindle having a cone end fitting into
the seat of the orifico at the outlet g'. The cup spaces at both top and botton are
filled with glycerine.

page_text: o is a piston provided with equalizing valves which work within the air pump
barrel k. ³ is an inlet valve situated at the bottom of the pump and kª k' are two
outlet valves, situated at the top of the pump, and through these valves the air and
moisture in suspension, drawn from the freezing and acid chambers is conducted to
the atmosphere. p is a pump wheel with handle p¹ mounted upon a crank axis pª
which turns in bearings in the frame g. is a crank plate, and s is a connecting
rod, connected at one end to the crank plater and to the other end to the cross
head t of pump guide and piston; the said cross head works upon guides q³ q².
The crank axis ps which drives the single acting air pump, has a chain wheel
mounted upon it, so as to drive the chain p, which communicates motion to the
chain wheel on the axis for giving to the endless screw or acid agitator a slow.
rotary motion.
Instead of the air pump being worked as described by hand, it may be worked
by steam or other power.
The pump guide cross head is fitted with ribband or volute springs u u to admit
of the piston o touching the top or bottom of the air pump barrel. The length of
the said air pump barrel is shorter than the stroke of the crank plate, consequently
the piston is gently forced to the top or bottom of the pump, and any concussion
relieved by the springs before the turn of the crank pin at the dead centres.
The yielding of the springs thus enabling the turning of the crank pin over the
dead centres, admits of the piston being pressed to the utmost extent of the barrel,
and thereby obtaining almost a perfect vacuum, and consequently a very rapid
freezing or refrigerating.
The process of freezing or refrigerating is conducted as follows. Remove the
screw cap g³, screw down the spindle gº stopping the orifice g', then pour in the
sulphuric acid filling the chamberg a little above the outlet g and close again the
cap g; then fill the top and bottom spaces with glycerine. Pour strong brine into
the freezing chamber, and place the mould carrying plate with moulds b, in position
as represented in the vertical section figure 1.
Now pour water into the moulds b which water is to be subsequently refrigerated
or transformed into ice. The weight of the combined water and moulds presses
the plate b² closely upon the top of the framing c, thereby effecting a sound hermetic
joint. The cover or lid c is then placed in position when the apparatus is ready
for use on the air valve f being closed. The handle of the cock i is turned, so
as to separate the acid chamber from the freezing chamber. The haudle of the
valve is next turned in a direction that will admit only of a passage through the
pipe, which leads to the acid chamber only.
The air pump is then worked, so as to draw all the air and moisture from the
acid chamber, which said air passes directly to the air pump, through the two way
cock and air pump passage ³, into the pump cylinder k, and from thence
discharged through the outlet valves 4, into the atmosphere.
Thus on the exhaustion of the air from the acid chamber turn again the cock j³
so as to open communication between the freezing chamber and air pump only; so
as to compel the air moisture to be drawn out of the freezing chamber a through
the passage to the barrel of the air pump, and from thence to the atmosphere.
The air pump being worked until no resistance is felt. The cock i is now again
turned into the position represented in figure 1, and the cock j³ into a position to
allow communication between the acid chamber through the pipe -The air now
remaining is extracted or drawn out in a direction indicated by the arrows viz:-
first from the freezing chamber then up the passage f through the cock i, down the
hollow pillar into the acid chamber g around the bend of the said chamber and
through the chamber g¹ and up the passage 2 and through the outlet j³ to the air
pump. The worm or endless screw is slowly rotated at the same time within
the axis of the casing g, thereby compelling the acid to be moved forward or ahead
and thereby agitated in the reverse direction in which the air is being withdrawn,
as indicated with arrows with cross strokes, so as to expose fresh acid under the
pillar leading to the freezing chamber; by the said agitator, a complete circulation

page_text: of the acid is set up by its passage through the opening gª and back again to the
endless screw.
On no resistance whatever being felt to the motion of the parts of the machine,
the air and vapour has been completely exhausted and the water in the moulds
transformed into solid blocks of ice.
The drawing of the air and moisture, or compelling it to travel the circuitous
course indicated, it is thus presented to a very large acid surface; the acid chamber
being of a U shape as shown at figure 4, a very long travel is thus obtained and
absorbtion complete, and a very low temperature is thereby quickly obtained and
ice made in solid blocks, as all the sides and bottoms of the moulds wherein it is
transformed are exposed to the freezing chamber.
To remove the ice thus formed, or the liquid cooled, close the valves i and j³
and open the valve ƒ³ which admits air to the freezing chamber which thus allows
the mould plate to be removed and the ice moulds b with the ice within them
withdrawn on the removal of plate.
Figure 5 shows the cross head t, springs u u and the top of the piston rod o³ upon
a larger scale; the said springs are disposed between the collar o³, washer of on the
piston rod o and the bottoms of the sockets w, which allows the piston rod to
yield or give on the piston coming against the top and bottom of the air pump, in
virtue of the piston stroke, being greater than the length of the pump barrel, so
that when the piston strikes the top cover of the air pump, the upper spring is
compressed and the neck o³ of the rod made to slightly slide or move longitudinally
in the cross head; and when the piston strikes the bottom of the pump barrel,
the lower spring is likewise compressed by the slightly continued movement of the
cross head.
Two or more refrigerator chambers may be used in connection with a single
pump.
Figure 6 represents in side elevation, partly in section, a machine arranged with
a circular cooling or refrigerating chamber. The chamber a is suspended on two
pinstaking into the receiving brackets v³, when by a slight turn from left to
right of the latter, the freezing chamber is elevated or brought against the top
cover v. Between the top cover and the freezing chamber a, is a flexible joint v
made of india rubber or other suitable material by which an air tight joint is made.
The bottom of the freezing chamber has a stratuin of strong brine w, indicated by
the dotted lines. x is a refrigerating coil through which the liquid to be cooled is
passed. is the entrance to the coil, and ³ the exit; so that any liquid or semi-
liquid substance to be reduced in temperature bas only to be passed, or allowed to
flow through the coil, when a low temperature can be thus imparted to the liquid.
The placing of a coil a within a freezing or refrigerating chamber is particularly
applicable to the cooling of milk and the like.
The action of the machine and its auxiliary parts is precisely the same as herein-
before described with respect to figure 1.
The slower the liquid is allowed to pass through the coil, the lower will be its
temperature, and by surrounding the freezing chamber with a lining of salt, a few
degrees lower temperature is thus obtained.
Figure 7 is a plan and figure 8 is an end elevation of the freezing or refrigerating
chamber figure 6.
When water is to be cooled or frozen (into solid blocks of ice) in pans closed to
the atmosphere, the coil is removed from the freezing chamber, and I then place
within the inside of the said freezing chamber a (which is circular) square or
rectangular moulds or pans y, y figure 9, with brine at the bottom of the said
chamber. The pans are placed diagonally or across each other, in tiers, one above
another, so as to present or obtain the greatest possible freezing surface-y³ y² are
lugs cast with V notches or recesses on the chamber, to receive the corners of the
moulds preferably at opposite angles, which allows the greatest possible cooling
surface to act upon and around the moulds, from top to bottom of the freezing
chamber;

page_text: Or deep moulds may be arranged radially as in figure 10, where the moulds
are filled with water to be cooled or frozen and placed in the freezing chamber
above the brine.
By thus arranging the pans, a large cooling or refrigerating surface is thereby
obtained.
The thermometer fixed to the top cover indicates the temperature inside the
chamber.
To disconnect the chamber a from the cover ³, the atmospheric relief valvez at
the summit of the refrigerator is opened, when an equilibrium pressure is established,
so as to allow the covering v³ to be removed for gaining access to the refrigerating
chamber, in order to remove the pans containing cooled liquid or solid blocks
of ice.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. The process of extracting or withdrawing by partial exhaustion, all
suspended moisture mixed with air from the acid and freezing chambers of freezing
and refrigerating machines, prior to communication being established between
the said acid and freezing chambers for complete air exhaustion and freezing or
refrigerating substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly. In open freezing and refrigerating; that is to say, suspending within a
freezing or refrigerating chamber having a stratum of brine at its bottom, depending
ice moulds, which are supported by a plate which hermetically closes the top of the
said freezing chamber. The moulds thus suspended being exposed to freezing or
refrigerating on all sides and bottom, while leaving the tops of the moulds open to
the atmosphere; substantially as described and illustrated in figures 1 and 3 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The production of ice, or refrigerating liquids in a close freezing
chamber; by arranging square or rectangular moulds diagonally one above another;
as represented in figure 9, or radially as represented in figure 10, within a preferably
circular freezing chamber, so as to expose the said moulds to the greatest possible
freezing or refrigerating surface. The moulds or trays being suspended above
strong brine and within V seated lugs cast on the inside of the freezing chamber,
substantially as described and illustrated.
Fourthly Presenting fresh acid to the freezing chamber by means of a con-
tinuous acid chamber g g¹ preferably of a U form with a passage or opening
which admits of a continuous circulation of acid within the chamber; also the
axial mounted agitator or axial screw which works in the axis of the receiver g
for compelling the acid to slowly circulate or move forward, from the point where
the greatest heat is developed; also the screwed entrance cap and cup g g, screwed
spindle g with valve end and seat g' at outlet substantially as described and set
forth in figures 1, 2, and 4.
Fifthly. Making the stroke of the piston o of the air pump k greater than the
length of the barrel of the said air pump. The piston rod of is provided at its
upper end with collars o³ 0%, neck o' and springs uu, the latter lying in seats or
sockets w w made within the cross head t; the springs thus arranged, allow the
neck o to slightly yield on the piston striking the top and bottom of the pump,
thereby obtaining a perfect vacuum substantially as described and set forth in
figures 1 and 5.
Sixthly Cooling or refrigerating liquids by passing the said liquids through a
helical coil or passage suspended within a close freezing chamber having brine at
its bottom substantially as described and illustrated in figures 6, 7 and 8; also the
means of closing and sealing the cover as described and set forth.
Seventhly. The combination in a freezing or refrigerating machine of a freezing
chamber a with brine e at its bottom and surrounded by a lining of salt e disposed
between the outer casing e and the sides of the chamber a, which latter is provided

page_text: with a mould carrying plate 62, rubber joint b³ and loose top c³. Air being.
exhausted and circulated through the acid chamber around the moulds through the
passage f, through the cock i, through the pipe j, or through the passage 7, the
latter two directions being determined by the two way cock and from thence
the air passes to the pump; also the hollow pillar passages h h and air valve f¹.
In the air pump combination with the valves k, cross head t with the gear p p³ p³,
crank plate and connecting rod rs and frame g, substantially as described and
set forth.
Dated this t sonte sirth day of Sentember 1885