Improvements in Apparatus for and Method of Producing Figures on the Surface of Wood and the like.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for and Method of Producing Figures
on the Surface of Wood and the like.
I, CHARLES LOUIS GOEHRING of Allegheny in the County of Allegheny State of.
Pennsylvania United States of America do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
or
This invention has for its object the production in an economical, rapid and perfect
manner of ornamental and other figures, designs mouldings, &c., in or upon the
surface of wood or other materials, by the action of rotating cutting
abrading the
surface of the material and operated in a manner to traverse said surface and produce
a line or lines of cuts according to a prearranged system, and said invention relates
both to the methods of operation and the machinery embodying in its action those
methods of producing the figures as hereinafter described and pointed out.
In the drawings annexed hereto
Figs. 1 and 2 represent in vertical longitudinal section and top plan view
respectively a mechanical contrivance illustrating a primitive form of mechanism
adapted for use in executing some of the operations of the method described.
Fig. 3 is a diagramatic illustration showing the progressive movements of the
cutter head in forming a simple design.
Figs. 4 to 13 inclusive represent some of the numerous designs or figures produced'
by the use of the methods and apparatus herein described.
Fig. 14 is a side elevation of a machine embodying a portion of the invention.
Fig. 15 is a top plan view of the said machine.
Fig. 16 is a top plan view of one of the oscillatory reciprocating cutting
mechanisms.
Fig. 17 is a vertical longitudinal section and
Figs. 18 and 19 rear and front elevations respectively of said oscillatory
reciprocating cutting mechanism.
Fig. 20 is a transverse vertical section on the line - Fig. 15 showing the side
or edge cutters and the supporting frame of one of the oscillatory reciprocating
cutters.

page_text: gs. 21 and 22z are top and side views respectively of one of the actuating or
pattern cams detached.
Fig. 23 is a detail view showing a form of change gearing for interposition between
the cutting and feeding mechanisms.
Fig. 24 is a detail view partly in section illustrating retracing devices for the side
cutter.
Fig. 25 is a view in perspective illustrating a form of driving mechanism adapted
to accommodate the movements of the oscillatory reciprocating cutters.
Fig. 26 is a detail view illustrating adjusting devices to one of the top dressing
cutters.
Fig. 27 illustrates a slight modification in the arrangement of the vertical side
cutters.
Figs. 28 and 29 represent, in plan and vertical section, a slightly modified form of
oscillatory reciprocating cutting mechanism, the centre of oscillation being arranged
beneath instead of above the table.
Fig. 30 is a top plan view, Fig. 31 a side elevation and Fig. 32 a vertical
longitudinal section of a machine embodying the principles and in pirt the structure
of the machine represented in figs. 14 and 15, and embracing an additional cutting
mechanism and showing the application of an adjusting system for controlling the
vertical movement of the cutters.
Similar letters and figures of reference in the several figures of the drawing
designate like parts.
Before entering into a detailed description of the system of mechanism devised as
an embodiment of the invention, it is proposed to first explain the method or mode of
operation to be pursued in forming the designs, which method or mode constitutes the
foundation upon which the mechanical system is built; and to this end the various
operations to be performed, together with some of the designs which may be produced,
have been illustrated apart from the automatic mechanical system.
The ultimate object, sought to be attained by this invention is the production or
formation of designs, &c., in or upon the surface of the material, and the essential
mechanical element is a rotating cutter head, provided with suitably shaped bits or
cutters, and supported and extended across the face of the material operated upon;
and the principal novel feature relates to the method of and means for manipulating
or actuating said cutter.
For convenience of description and to more clearly illustrate the invention, the
various manipulations performed or required in producing a given design will first be
described as produced by the use of mechanism such as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, it
being understood that any suitable arrangement of mechanical devices which will
permit of the various movements being performed, may be employed for the purpose;
and in referring to the motions of the material and cutter head with respect to each
other, their relative motions only are to be understood, whether produced by the
reciprocations of either the cutter head or the material, or both.
The longitudinal motion, so called, is one lengthwise of the material to be operated
upon, and is preferably produced by feeding the material, such as a plank, in a straight
line and at a predetermined speed over a table or other support A.
Above the work support and the material, a cutter head is held with its arbor 61
standing at an angle to, but in a plane substantially parallel with the plane of
movement of the material. To the head bare affixed the cutters or abrading tools
in the usual or any approved manner, said cutters or bits being of suitable form to
produce the desired bead, molding or groove in or upon the face of the material.
The cutters or bits being fixed to the rotating head, revolve about the axis of the
arbor in planes at right angles thereto, hence in order to produce a molding, bead or
groove corresponding to the shape of their cutting edge, it is necessary that the planes
of rotation should at all times and as nearly as possible coincide with the actual line of
movement of the material at the point of contact therewith, said line of movement
being derived from the movements given the material and cutter head.
To govern, control and maintain this parallelism of the planes of rotation to the

page_text: actual line of motion at the point of contact with the surface of the material, and to
regulate and determine said actual line of motion, and thereby establish and control
the figure or design to be produced, is one of the principal objects sought to be
accomplished by the present invention.
With this end in view there is established on a line intersecting the principal cutter
and passing through the arbor, the material and the bed or support, a center or axis,
imaginary or otherwise, about which the oscillations of the cutter head are to be
performed, the plane of movement or oscillation being substantially parallel with the
axis of the arbor and the general surface of the material. This axis of oscillation is
represented in the drawings as a pin or pivot, E' arranged in a line as described and
serving to connect the arbor frame E to a support E', whereby the relations subsisting
between the cutter and the center of oscillation are fixed and maintained.
The oscillatory motions to which reference has been made are not fixed and
constant, but depend solely upon and are governed or regulated by the design, and
the latter by the relative speed and direction at which the material and cutter head
are caused to traverse on intersecting planes.
The design, other than such portions as are derived from the special configuration
or shape of the cutter or bits, follows the line of motion at the point of contact of the
cutters with the surface of the material, and this line of motion is determined by
changing or shifting the center of oscillation, and with it the cutter head, on a line or
lines intersecting or crossing the surface at an angle.
This operation is most conveniently performed in the following manner which
illustrates one mode of accomplishing the result stated:
The plank or other material to be operated upon is moved or fed forward
continuously and uniformly in a right line, and the cutter head is so disposed
relatively thereto that the plane of oscillation will be substantially parallel with the.
plane of movement of the material, the axis of oscillation standing transverse thereto.
This axis or center of oscillation, it will be remembered, is a line intersecting the
arbor and cutter head at a fixed point and at an angle or perpendicular to the plane of
movement of the material.
Now the figure or design is developed and determined by shifting this center line
or axis transversely across the plane of movement of the material, whereby it will be
caused to traverse a line which is the resultant of the two motions, the one
longitudinal and the other transverse of the material, and the form of this line as
developed upon the surface will depend entirely upon and is controlled or determined
by, the relative speed and direction of the two movements.
For example, assuming the material to be fed forward continuously at a uniform
speed, say 30 feet a minute, if the cutter head is held stationary, the axis of oscillation
will traverse a straight line and if moved from one side of the plank to the opposite
side once a minute, it will traverse in a diagonal line representing the hypotenuse of
a triangle whose perpendicular is 30 feet, while the base corresponds exactly with the
distance traversed by the center or axis of oscillation be it longer or shorter.
This will be the effect of moving the center at a uniform rate of speed, but if the
speed and direction of motion are changed, a corresponding variation will bo effected
in the form of the line. Thus, if the speed is uniformly accelerated or retarded, the
line will be curved.
Now it is obvious that by the proper adjustment of the two motions relatively to
each other and by changing the direction of the motion given the axis of oscillation
from time to time, an infinite variety of lines or figures can be traced upon the surface
of the material and extending lengthwise thereof.
The direction, angle or curvature of the lines produced by the angular movements
of the center and material are restricted, however, in direction, that is to say, the lines
so produced always partake of a direction intermediate the two motions, hence in
order to produce a line exactly in the plane of motion of either the center or the
material acted upon, the motion of one or the other of these elements should be
suspended, that is to say, if it is desired to produce as a part of the design, a straight

page_text: line parallel with the length of the material, the center of oscillation is maintained in
a fixed relation to said line and the material is moved forward the required distance,
and again, if it is desired to form a line in the plane of movement of the center, the
feed is suspended while said center is traversing across the material on a given line.
In this way, any required line can be followed or traced on the face of the material.
It is not, however, sufficient that provision should thus be made for tracing the
design and for oscillating the cutter head, as other and equally important manipu-
lations have to be performed in order that the cutters may be caused to act properly,
and these operations relate to the adjustment and determination of the motions to be
given to the cutter head about the center or axis of oscillation. As hereinbefore
stated, the axis or center of oscillation to which reference has been had, is an
imaginary or other line drawn through the cutter bead in a line transverse to its
axis of rotation and intersecting the edge of the principal cutter and the surface of the
material operated upon, said center being represented in the drawings by the pin or
pivot F³. Now it is evident that the line or figure derived from the relative
movements of the material and center represent the mean of the two motions as
developed upon the surface of the material, hence it follows that the actual direction
or motion of the axis of oscillation at the point of intersection with the surface of the
material is dependent upon and proportional to the motions given to the material and
axis, that is to say, the general direction and angular relation of the line at any given
point depends solely upon and can be accurately calculated from the direction and
speed at which the material is advanced and the axis is moved or reciprocated to
produce that portion of the line.
As before stated it is necessary, to produce the best results, that the cutters or more
properly the principal cutter, that which gives character to the general design, should
be held at all times with its plane of rotation on or in line and facing the direction of
actual movement of the axis of oscillation on the surface of the material, and to effect
this, the cutter head is oscillated about said center or axis in a direction and degree
corresponding to the direction of motion of the said axis across the material, and the
relative speed with which the material and axis are moved.
To show the practical application and operation of the invention, and as a further
illustration of the conditions and workings thereof, let us assume that the figure to be
formed upon the surface of a plank, by cutting away said surface so as to leave a
raised molding or bead thereon, to be of the form or design illustrated at a figure 3.
The plank P on which said design is to be formed is moved or fed, in the direction
indicated by the arrow, in a straight line, and at a uniform speed.
The cutter head b overlying the material P may be supported on a rotating arbor 6'
mounted in an arbor frame E (Figs. 1 & 2) which is pivoted to its support E' by a
pin E, coinciding with, and in this case constituting the axis of oscillation, said pin
being disposed on a line intersecting the arbor, the surface of the material and the
principal part of the cutter, i.e. that which forms the bead '.
An arrangement of this kind is advantageous inasmuch as it serves to establish and
maintain a fixed center, so that the oscillations of the cutter head will always be
limited to a center passing through the principal cutter and the material at a fixed
angle, and any suitable arrangement of devices which will secure this action may be
employed for the purpose.
In order the better to control and regulate the line of motion of the center of
oscillation across the face of the material, the base or support E' carrying the arbor
frame may be mounted to slide back and forth in guides, whereby the movement of
the center across and with reference to the material is always maintained in a fixed
line.
.
The next operation is to ascertain the requisite motions of the two moving bodies,
the material and the center to produce the given figure.
This may be done by a mathematical calculation or computation, and the application
of suitable mechanical devices to automatically effect the relative movements necessary
to the production of the figure, (as will be hereinafter explained), or the figure can be

page_text: traced on the surface by a pencil or other marker fixed to the slide, the latter being
moved back and forth as the plank is fed forward, or the design can be traced on the
surface of the material or on a pattern plate to serve as a guide.
Let us suppose for example, that the line to be traversed, that is to say,
to be formed, is such as is represented by the line y; figure 3.
the design
The plank is set in motion, and as it passes beneath the cutter, the slide E' is
reciprocated by hand or otherwise back and forth across the surface with the axis E'
always intersecting the line y. Simultaneously with the motions thus given to the
slide, the cutter head is oscillated about the center E, by hand or by mechanism, the
direction and speed of the oscillatory movement depending upon the direction in
which the support E is moving, and the relative speed of the material and said
support, so that the plane of rotation of cutters will always intersect the line y in
the plane of movement at the point immediately below the cutter. Thus, as the slide
is reciprocated across the surface in the direction of the arrow t (see Fig. 3) and the
axis E' is held upon and caused to follow the line y, the cutter head is oscillated in
the direction of the arrows t¹ and held with the arbor standing substantially at right
angles to the line y at the point of contact. As the plank advances and the slide is
reciprocated to cause the axis E to traverse the line y, the cutter head is oscillated in
the various positions indicated on the diagram figure 3, E2, representing the center or
axis of oscillation 4 the axis of rotation and 5 the plane of rotation of the cutter head.
By causing the axis or center of oscillation to follow accurately the line of the
pattern, which latter is developed as the resultant of the motions communicated to the
axis and the material, and simultaneously vibrating or oscillating the cutter about said
axis in direction and degree corresponding to the relative motions of the material and
axis E, the cutter at the point x, will always be squarely presented to the line of
motion so that the cutting edge will faithfully perforin its office in the production of
a bead, groove or molding having the general contour or figure of the cutting edge.
It is of course understood that the cutter head is to be provided with bits or cutting
edges on each side of the principal cutter for dressing down the surface of the plank
on opposite sides of the bead ¹.
Thus far the invention has been described and illustrated in its simplest form and
application, one principally designed and adapted to the formation of an
overlapping bead along the irregular or curved edge of a plank, such as exhibited in
figures 4, 4, 5 and 5, and by its use it is made possibly to form and produce what
has hitherto been unknown to the trade, that is planks each having correspondingly
curved or irregular shaped edges adapted to fit together and form a close joint, the
adjacent edges being provided with a tongue and groove, while one of said edges is
furnished with a bead overlapping the edge and covering the joint, said bead following
exactly the outline of the edge of the plank and made integral therewith.
This part of the invention is also availed of in the formation of the principal
lines y 2 of designs such as represented in figures 7 and 8.
A further application of this feature of the invention is in the formation of designs
or figures wherein the curved or irregular figures or lines traced by feeding tho work
and simultaneously oscillating and reciprocating the cutter on a center line or axis
intersecting the cutter and material, are varied or modified so as to change the surface
or longitudinal contour of the design or surface. This is effected by imparting to the
cutter head a vertical reciprocatory motion in a direction transverse to but intersecting
the line of movement, so that as the cutter is oscillated and reciprocated it will be
moved towards and from the plane of movement of the material thereby causing the
bits to make a deeper or shallower cut.
To illustrate this action let us suppose the reciprocating support E¹ to be mounted
upon a vertically movable carriage and the latter reciprocated to follow the line on the
surface desired. It is evident that when the lateral and vertical motions are imparted
to the cutter in the manner described, the absolute motion of the axis of oscillation
will be on a line representing the mean of said motions, but inasmuch as the plane of
rotation of the cutters bears the same relation to the line y, whether elevated or

page_text: depressed, they will follow said line and form the bead or groove centrally thereof the
same as before.
In addition to and as supplementing what is termed the principal figure of the
design represented by the line y, other figures or lines may be formed on either or
both sides and substantially parallel therewith, by the employment of properly shaped
cutting bits in place of the plain or straight faced bits, but the lines thus formed will
not truly represent throughout their entire length the form, in section, of all portions
of the cutter which produces them, the departure or modification in form increasing in
proportion as the particular groove or projection on the bit is more remote from the
center or axis of oscillation.
The production of more intricate and elaborate designs and figures, such for
example as those illustrated in figures 6 to 13, is accomplished by first producing
one half or other portion of the design, and subsequently completing the figure by
forming a cut along the opposite side, the motions given to the material and cutter in
producing the two sections being accurately adjusted and regulated and the bits so
shaped that the lines of the pattern or design as produced at one operation will
intersect at regular or predetermined intervals those previously produced, whereby a
unitary design or pattern is formed.
To accomplish this result, the cutters or bits are shaped to produce a portion, say
one-half, of the series of grooves and beads forming part of the moulding and the
cutter bead is caused to oscillate and reciprocate across the face of the material while
the latter is advancing to form the desired wave or irregular lines or pattern on the
surface. For a design such as shown in figure 8, the bits may be of the form shown
in figure 8, and the cutter head so actuated as to produce the partial design
represented as 6.
The opposite side and the complete design or figure is produced by subjecting the
plank to the action of the same or another cutter head whose bits, if the figure is to
have similar sides or borders, as represented are the same or substantially similar to
those on the cutter head first used, and the transverse and oscillating motions of this
second cutter head are timed to those of the first cutter head, so as to cause the lines
of motion or cuts of some or all of the bits to intersect or cross the lines previously
formed by the first cutters, as indicated at 7 in figures 8, 12 and 13, whereby a
composite figure is formed.
In this way, an infinite variety of designs can be produced by changing the form of
the cutting edges of the bits, and by varying the motions given the cutter heads, but
in producing a series of symmetrical figures such as shown, it is of the utmost
importance that the motions given to the two cutter heads should be performed in the
same time, but in reversed order, and that the reciprocating motions should be equal,
hence in practice it is preferred to employ two or more cutter heads arranged in
succession and operating simultaneously upon the same strip or plank, thereby
ensuring greater accuracy in spacing, as one of the two motions employed for
determining the designs or patterns formed by the separate cutter heads, i.e. the
longitudinal motion of the material, is the same at corresponding points, and to still
further insure the requisite registry of motion transverse to the surface of the material,
I preferably connect the actuating devices for controlling the reciprocating and
oscillatory motions of the cutter heads by a system of gearing or equivalent positively
acting devices as will presently appear.
The designs represented in figures 7 and 8 were produced by cutters or bits having
the same shape, the differences in the figures being produced by varying the relative
movements of the cutter heads operating on the material while the latter was moved
at a uniform speed.
In forming those composite designs. or such as require a wide molding cutter, it is
desirable that the center of oscillation should be caused to traverse a line nearly
central of the design or figure as produced by that cutter. Thus in forming the
design figure 8, the center of oscillation is located and traverses parallel with the
central bead y
•

page_text: The designs represented in figures 9, 10, 12 & 13, were all produced by the same
cutters, (Fig. 12) different motions being given the cutter head in each instance.
This is more clearly exhibited in figures 12 and 13, wherein both the preliminary
and final lines of cut are illustrated, the second line of cut being intermingled at the
point marked 7.
It will thus be seen that the invention is such as will enable a single set or series of
knives of the same pattern to be employed for the production of different designs and
patterns, and when it is considered that each change or variation in the form of the
cutter produces a corresponding change in the design or pattern, it must be
obvious that by altering the cutters and modifying or changing the relative motions
given the cutter heads and material operated upon, an infinite variety of forms, patterns
or designs can be produced.
In the foregoing description and explanation of the improved method of operation,
certain mechanical contrivances have been referred to which will be found convenient
in practicing the method as they contribute in preserving and ensuring accuracy of
motion, but it is evident the operation can be performed by divers forms and
constructions of mechanism or by the intelligent manipulation of the rotary cutter
head in accordance with and following the principles disclosed herein.
Thus far the invention has been described in its broadest form, as a series of acts
contributing to the production of new and improved results, and it has been shown
how this series of acts can be performed by the intelligent manipulation of the cutter.
It remains to be seen how this method of operation has been developed and embodied
in a mechanical system, competent to automatically effect and control the desired
movements of the cutter or cutters, to produce the desired design or figure. This
system, as a whole, comprises (1) a mechanism or devices competent to feed or advance
the material to be operated upon; (2) one or more cutting or abrading devices ;
(3) adjusting or controlling mechanism, competent to effect or control the application
of each of said cutting devices and to shift or vary its position relative to the line of
feed or movement of the material to be operated upon; (4) actuating devices connected
to or moving in unison with the feeding or feed actuating mechanism, and operating to
control the movements of the adjusting devices, whereby the movements imparted
to each cutter, to vary and control the line of cut and thereby the longitudinal
configuration or form of the elements entering into or constituting the design, is made
to dopend upon and bear a specific relation to the movement of the material.
The cutting or abrading devices referred to, preferably consist of one or more
rotary cutter heads, each mounted upon an arbor lying across the face or surface of
the material, said cutter head or heads being provided with suitably shaped molding
bits. In addition to the cutters mentioned and for certain descriptions of work, other
cutters for dressing the sides or edges, and for forming additional lines or figures on
the surface may be employed to cooperate with the principal cutters referred to.
The adjusting or controlling mechanism includes the supports for the rotary cutter
heads and devices for effecting the adjustment of the parts and permit the cutter to
move in the described manner.
The actuating devices referred to comprise that portion of the machine which is
applied to and acts upon or through the adjusting or controlling mechanism, to
produce or effect the desired movements of the cutter head or heads, and they are
preferably driven in unison with the feed controlling devices, to synchronize the
action of the separate elements or mechanisms.
An organized system such as has been referred to is illustrated in figures 14 and 15,
wherein the elements necessary to the production of designs, such as shown in
figures 4 to 13 inclusive are represented, and in figures 30, 31 & 32 is shown a similar
system enlarged and modified, to include supplemental vertical cutters and to
illustrate the method and a means for effecting changes and variations in the
longitudinal contour of the design.
In other words, one of said mechanisms illustrates a partial and the other a
complete embodiment of the methods of operation hereinbefore described.
The four principal elements, viz.: 1st the foeding, 2nd. the cutting, 3rd. the

page_text: adjusting, and 4th. the actuating or regulating devices or mechanisms are represented
in the drawings, the first by rolls A, of which two or more pairs are preferably
employed, driven at equal peripheral velocities, so that the material, such as a board,
when inserted between the members of the first pair of rolls, will be grasped between
them and carried or fed forwards at a rate dependent wholly upon the speed of the
rolls; the second, by one or more rotating cutter heads or sets of cutter heads B B¹,
each furnished with cutters or bits of appropriate forms; the third, by the mechanism
or carriages and movable slides connected to or carrying the supports for each cutter
head, the whole constituting an adjusting system C by which the requisite movements
of the cutter heads relatively to the line of feed are obtained; and the fourth, by a
system of gearing or driving mechanism G uniting the adjusting system C and the
feeding devices A together or to a prime motor, whereby the movements of each
shall have a fixed and determinate relation to the others.
The primary object and result of this arrangement of cooperative elements is to
establish and maintain the uniform movement or adjustment of each cutter head,
relatively and proportionally to each other, and to the progressive movement or feed
of the material, so that by varying the proportions in or throughout the gearing, the
excursions performed by the cutter heads may be increased or diminished as to time
and sequence, the rate of feed being constant or vice versa. The value and importance
of this feature, especially its application in connection with adjusting devices of the
character shown, will hereinafter appear.
Turning now to the special application of the principle, as exhibited in the system
shown in figs. 14 to 26, it will be seen that the several mechanisms and devices are
appropriately supported and mounted upon a substantial frame work Ex in order
that the various parts may be at all times maintained securely in their relative
positions.
The upper roll a of each pair of feed rolls is supported in bearings on a pivoted frame a¹
capable of vertical movement about its pivotal point of support, and held down so
that the roll will take a bite on the material, by the yielding pressure of a weight a
adjustably applied to a lever m which engages the frame a³, to press and hold the
latter depressed and at the same time permit the upper roll to yield, to accommodate
itself to the thickness of the material. All of the feed. rolls are preferably made
uniform in diameter, and they are connected together by gearing in the usual or any
preferred manner, so that all of said rolls will be rotated at the same speed, or what
is the same thing, at equal peripheral velocities.
This driving mechanism comprises a gear wheel m³, secured to the shaft of the
lower roll of each pair and meshing with a pinion m', common to both sets of rolls.
Motion is communicated from the lower or stationary roller to the movable roller a
of each pair through gear wheels m³, mounted upon links and engaging gear wheels
on the shafts of the two rollers, as is common in this class of machines.
Although a special form of feeding mechanism A has been described, it is not to
be understood that the invention is limited thereto, as it is obvious other forms of
feeding mechanism might be employed to accomplish the desired result, i.e. the
feeding of the material positively and at a speed proportional to the speed of the
driving mechanism. In fact the particular form of mechanism shown is well known
and has been included merely as representing one type of a large class of feeding
mechanisms suitable for performing the desired operations.
Two forms or varieties of cutting mechanisms, designated respectively B and B',
are illustrated, either or both of which may he employed or thrown out of action, as
desired, to adapt the machine to the particular pattern or design to be produced, and
in addition to these there are included, as accessories, the roughing and finishing
cutters B B₁.
Although as is obvious, the relative position and arrangement of the several
cutting mechanisms may be varied and modified, if desired, without involving a
departure from the invention, they will be described and referred to in the order and
arrangement in which they appear in the drawings.
The first cutting mechanism B of the series, is located just beyond the feeding

page_text: mechanism (it may if desired be placed between the two pair of feed rolls, as shown
in figs. 30, 31 and 32) and comprises a pair of cutter heads c each supported upon a
vertical arbor c and provided with bits appropriately shaped to give form to the
edges or sides of the article as it is passed between them by the feeding
mechanism.
In the example illustrated one of the cutters is of a shape adapted to form a
groove and dress the face of one edge of a plank, and the other to form a tenon and
part of the overhanging bead on the opposite edge of the plane (see figs. 5 and 5º),
the arbors carrying said cutter heads being so arranged and supported that they may
be held in position or reciprocated towards and from each other or across the line of
feed, whereby the edges of the plank may be given either a regular or irregular
outline. (See figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, et seq.)
The arbor c¹ of each of said cutter heads c is provided with a pulley c³ (see fig. 20),
or other appropriate driving gear, and is supported in bearings c³ in the overhanging
arm c¹ of a slide c³, the latter supported in ways on its frame. The slides care
each provided with an abutment or anti-friction roller c, held in contact with an
eccentric or pattern cam C¹ of appropriate outline a weight c. (see fig. 24) connected
to the slide by a chain or rope c8 passing over suitable guiding pulleys, or other
equivalent yielding connection may be employed that will operate to hold the slide
retracted with a yielding pressure against the face of the pattern cam (".
To provide for the ready adaptation and adjustment of the machine, to operate upon
material of different widths, the frame or slide c is constructed in two sections, the
one carrying the bearings c and reciprocating longitudinally of the ways, and the
other c, carrying the abutment or roller c, the two parts or sections being united by
an adjustable connection, such as a screw c¹o, so that, by turning the screw, the arbor
carrying the cutter head can be advanced or retracted. The pattern cams C¹ are
brought into action only when the edges of the plank are to be cut on lines other
than parallel, and when the edges are to be formed in straight parallel lines, and the
cam is removed or thrown out of action the cutter head adjusted, and the slide c³
fixed in position by suitable clamping or holding devices such as bolts passing through
or engaging the slide. To more securely hold and sustain the slide and the arbor
carried thereby in adjusted position, braces c¹¹ may be secured to the frame, their
lower ends standing above the slide and secured thereto, when desired, by a bolt
or bolts c¹.
For some classes of work, the arbors c¹ carrying cutter heads c instead of being
located in the same vertical plane as in figs. 14, 15 & 20, are arranged in different
but parallel planes as shown in fig. 27, in order that each may be reciprocated to or
beyond the longitudinal curve of the material.
The next principal cutting mechanism, denominated B¹, is arranged to operate upon
the face of the material, the arbor of the cutter head lying across the material and
arranged to reciprocate transversely of the feed movement and at the same time
oscillate about a centre intersecting the cutter, the material and the bed or support.
Two such mechanisms are shown (one only or more than two may be employed)
arranged on opposite sides of the path traversed by the material, the one standing in
advance of the other, and both carrying their cutter heads projected across and over
the surface to be operated upon.
Said mechanisms B' are duplicates, and each comprises a cutter head b (see figs.
16 to 19 inclusive) secured to a horizontal arbor 6 and supported in bearings on
a frame or carriage, the construction and arrangement being such that the cutter
head may be moved transversely and angularly with respect to the material while
under the influence of the feeding mechanism A, said movements taking place
simultaneously and being governed or controlled by pattern cams or equivalent devices.
To effect these movements automatically and provide for the necessary initial
adjustment of the cutter head, the arbor b to which it is secured, is mounted in
bearings in a frame or plate E that is pivotally attached to the overhanging end of
a slide E' as by a bolt E the rear end or portion of said frame E being supported
in guides E on the slide E..

page_text: The slide E carries an abutment or roller c, and is held by a weight or other
yielding connection (such as a spring) in contact with a pattern cam &, and plate
E is made adjustable upon the pivot or bolt E³, to provide for the longitudinal
adjustment of the arbor, in order that the cutter head or cutters may be placed
centrally or in line with the pivotal point or centre of oscillation.
The preferred arrangement of mechanism for producing the oscillatory reciprocating
motion of the cutter head is shown in figs. 16 to 19, embraces a carriage or frame E³,
made vertically adjustable in or upon the frame E, by means of screws E, and
provided with a platen or top E10 formed with an opening for the passage of the
driving belt and having strengthening braces E", E" the latter arched. In or upon
the carriage E are formed guides or ways E" for the reception of the slide E¹, the
latter being made in two sections, adjustable the one upon the other by means of a
screw E, the rear section carrying an abutment or roller c maintained in contact
with the actuating cam C by a weight or equivalent yielding connection attached
to slide E¹. In the slide E¹ is forined an opening to accommodate the driving
belt, and webs or strengthening ribs are applied to or formed on the slide opposite
said opening.
The oscillating arbor frame E is mounted beneath this slide E¹ and pivotally
attached thereto at or near the front end, the rear portion of said arbor frame being
supported and guided in a segmental or equivalent bracket E.
the
The arbor frame E is provided with bearings E¹³ to receive the arbor b',
driving pulley E¹ being located between said bearings, and the cutter head beyond
the outer bearing and beneath the pivot E, so as to bring the principal cutter in line
with the centre of oscillation, and in order that the cutter head may be adjusted with
respect to its center of oscillation, the pin or bolt E2 is adjustably attached to the
arbor frame, as, for example, by forming a T-groove in said frame and inserting the
head of bolt E'.
In order to form a better support for the arbor 6¹ and prevent springing, a bearing
E is applied to the formed extension of slide E' beyond the cutter head thereby
providing three bearings for the arbor, one at each end and a third between the pulley
and cutter head. The bearing E is adjustable and removably secured to the
slide E so that the cutter head can be conveniently taken off and replaced.
To the pin or bolt E' is secured an arm E" through which the actuating drivers
are caused to operate in producing the oscillations of the arbor frame and cutter head,
and in order that this arm may be securely clamped upon said bolt and the latter at
the same time be firmly attached to the arbor frame in a manner to permit free
vibration, a sleeve is interposed between and bears at opposite ends against the
arm E and the arbor frame, or against washers resting thereon and the bolt E is
passed through said sleeve and arm and clamped and held in place by a detachable
or adjustable device, such as a nut, whereby the arm and arbor frame are clamped
upon the sleeve, without producing excessive frictional contact with the slide.
To the arm E, (preferably secured in a position parallel with the arbor) is,
pivotally attached a link E", whose opposite end is pivotally connected to a lever 'E18
fulcrumed as at E, and bearing against the outer end of a bar E mounted to slide
in guides upon the carriage with its inner end in contact with the cain C. The con-
nections between the link, arm and lever are preferably made adjustable, and the
fulcrum pin or bolt E¹ is made adjustable both longitudinally and laterally of the
lever, to provide for variations and changes in the proportion of the levers and the
angular position of the parts.
The pin E is adjustably secured in a slot formed in the supporting bracket E,
the latter mounted in ways on the slide of the carriage E, and secured for adjustment,
by a screw E. The angular position of the lever may also be adjusted by means of
the pivoted block or bearing E" and the screw carried by the lever, though these
devices are mainly intended to compensate for the change in motion resulting from
the slip of the bar E in the levers.
The pattern cam (in this arrangement operates upon the arbor frame to oscillate
it in one direction, the return motion being effected by. the application of a weight

page_text: or spring connected to the arbor frame or arm E¹ and operating to hold the slide or
bar E at all times in contact with the cam.
From the description given it will be apparent how the oscillatory reciprocating
motions are communicated to the cutter head. By placing the bar E at right
angles to the slide E' and arranging the points of contact with the cam at about
90 degrees apart, the same pattern cam C can be employed for effecting both the
reciprocating and oscillating motions of the cutter head.
It is not essential that the pivotal point of the arbor frame to the reciprocating
slide should be located above the work and cutter, as it can as well be arranged
below the table, and such a modification is illustrated in figs. 28 & 29.
As before stated it is desirable that at least two of these cutting mechanisms B¹ be
employed, together with suitable adjusting and actuating devices therefor, and that
they should be so located and arranged as to be capable of operating upon opposite
sides of the face of the material, in order that each may be made to form part of
a composite figure or design and samples of such work are shown in figs. 6 to 13.
The supplemental cutting mechanisms B³ and B* perform the office of dressing the
plank on its upper and lower faces. The cutter B should be located in advance of
the cutting mechanism B¹ as it is designed to dress the surface preparatory to the
action of said cutting mechanisms B¹.
The shaft carrying this cutter is supported in boxes on a plate 1 adjustable
longitudinally upon a support f by means of a screw f³, and said support fis
made vertically adjustable on guides by means of screws fo
The lower cutter B as here shown is located at the end of the machine and
mounted upon an adjustable frame in the usual manner.
A bed or plate D secured to the frame E and extending longitudinally of the machine
is employed to support the material as it is fed past the cutting mechanisins, said
plate being cut away or recessed at the sides to accommodate the cutters and their
supports. It is also to be understood that suitable guides and presser bars or rollers
are to be employed for guiding the material and holding it in position while being
acted upon, but as such devices are well known, only two have been represented in
the drawings at d and d'. In fig. 25, there is shown an arrangement of driving
pulleys such as can be used, to accommodate the movements of the arbor of the
cutting mechanism B'. The driving pulley d is provided with a wide face and the
driving pulley E" with a doubly inclined or crowned face to prevent the belt slipping
off as the pulley reciprocates and oscillates. A tightner pulley d³ supported in a
pivoted frame d', is held by a weight in contact with the driving belt, and serves not
only to increase the contact of the belt on the driving pulley but also to permit of the
elongation of the loop (formed by the belt) as the pulley E¹ is reciprocated
laterally.
Having described the principal elements of the machine, it now remains to explain
how they are united to form a unitary system in which each part or mechanism bears
a specific relation to all of the others. This element comprising what is termed the
actuating mechanism, consists of a system of gearing uniting and connecting the
several pattern cams C₁ C, and the feeding mechanism A, together and with the
driving shaft or prime mover, so that the whole system will move in harmony, for it
is of the utmost importance that the various movements of each cutter should be
accurately timed, both as to the other cutters and to the progressive movement or
feed of the material.
As is obvious any system of gearing or driving mechanism that will ensure the
desired unitary action of all the devices may be employed, but by preference it should
be so organized as to permit of ready adjustment, in order that the pattern cams or
equivalent devices. may be removed and others substituted, and the gearing so
modified that the speed of each adjusting mechanism may be varied relatively to the
feeding devices.
Such an arrangement of gearing is shown in figures 14, 15, 20 & 23, one that has
been demonstrated in practice to be amply sufficient to meet the requirements in
forming figures or designs such as shown in the drawings.
: --

page_text: Gi designates a pulley secured to a shaft G² which latter constitutes in effect the
main driving shaft, as through it all the actuating and adjusting mechanisms are
operated. This pulley receives motion from a pulley g on a shaft g¹, the latter being
provided with four other pulleys g² g³ g* g. The pulley 9' receives the driving belt
while pulley communicates motion to the top dressing cutter B³, and pulleys g
and g³ transmit motion to the vertical cutter shafts c¹ of mechanism B.
passing around pulley g is conducted over and partly around a pulley 9 on shaft g'
and serves to drive said pulley 9 and the belt extending therefrom to the lower
dressing cutter B*.
The belt
On shaft g' are mounted two loose pulleys 98 serving as supports for the driving
belts on pulleys g³ g³.
This arrangement of driving pulleys and belts for rotating the arbors carrying the
cutter heads, though convenient, is not essential, as various other systems of driving
belts can readily be substituted.
From shaft G motion is communicated to the feeding mechanism A through a
pinion go and gear train g¹¹, the latter connecting the pinions glo and m, and from
this same main driving shaft motion is transmitted through suitable gearing to the
pattern cams C C of the various cutting mechanisms.
An arrangement of gearing suitable for this purpose is illustrated in the figure to
which reference has been made. Mounted in bearings in the frame are two
shafts g g (Fig. 23), each carrying one member of several pairs or sets of change
gears g of different diameters and capable of being adjusted or moved into or out of
contact, to vary
the relative motions of the two shafts in a manner well understood.
One of these shafts g¹³ carries a gear wheel g¹² engaging and receiving motion from
a pinion go on the main driving shaft G2 while the other shaft g carries at each
end a bevel gear g₁ meshing with a bevel gear g" on a vertical shaft 918 supported
in bearings on the frame and carrying one of the pattern cams C³.
Mounted in bearings on each side of the frame is a shaft g¹ which receives motion
from shaft g through bevel gears 920 and transmits motion through similar gears 920
to another vertical shaft 918 on which the pattern cams C of one of the cutting
mechanisms B¹ is mounted.
It will be observed that the cross shaft g4 unites the two series of vertical shafts
controlling the movements of the several cutting mechanisms, and is in turn connected
through gearing to the main driving shaft which latter controls the feeding
mechanism, whereby the movements of all the several elements constituting the
system are controlled directly by the main driving shaft, and each separate cam or
series of cams or pattern devices are driven in unison with the feed rolls, the speed
of each cam being determined by the relative dimensions of the several gears and in
direct proportion to the speed at which the material is advanced or fed towards
the cutters.
Provision is also made for adjusting the cams in relation to each other, and their
driving mechanism, and for regulating the throw of the slides to effect changes in
the length as well as the order of the reciprocatory movements of the several cutters.
This may be accomplished by constructing the shafts g18 in sections and furnishing the
proximate ends with disks or heads 92 keyed or otherwise secured to the shafts and
united by bolts passing through slots in one of the said disks, whereby the upper
section of the shaft or that portion to which the cam is secured, can be adjusted upon
the other section to change the position of the cam relatively to its driving
mechanism.
To provide for the radial adjustment of the pattern cam it is provided with an
elongated opening 9" (see figs. 17, 21 & 22), for the reception of a hub or box g
which latter is keyed or otherwise secured to the shaft. A screw 9 serves to adjust
the cam radially of the shaft, and upon the hub 923 is secured a plate g2 through
slots in which bolts 926 are passed to assist in clamping and holding the cam in
adjusted position. By removing the bolts g and plate g, the cam can be taken of
and another of the same or different pattern substituted.
The disks are provided with scales to indicate the rotary adjustment of the cam

page_text: and on the edge of the plate g" or on the surface of the cam, a scale is applied to
determine the radial adjustment of the cam.
The employment of scales or gages for indicating the adjustments is of considerable
practical importance and value, as thereby the various elements of the actuating
mechanism can be accurately set to reproduce a pattern whose record can be and
has been kept.
The machine or system of mechanism thus far described, illustrates the embodiment
of so much of the invention as includes the dressing of the edges in straight curved
and irregular lines, and the formation upon the surface, of simple or composite
designs by the application of oscillatory reciprocating cutter heads, and it remains
to be shown how the other features may be embodied in the same or the system
expanded to include them.
The complete system is represented in figs. 30, 31, and 32, wherein the feeding
mechanism A, cutting mechanisms B B₁, supplemental cutters B³ B*, actuating
mechanism C and driving mechanism G are in all material respects substantially the
same as hereinbefore described, the only substantial changes made relatively to
the location of the gear train beneath the table; the arrangement of the cutting
mechanisin B between, instead of behind, the pairs of feeding rolls; supporting the
upper rollers a in sliding instead of pivoted bearings, with the weight arranged
below the table and connected to a cross head i carrying an adjusting screw i¹ and
attached to the movable bearings; and the employment of a bell crank lever ³
pivoted to the carriage E' with one arm engaging the pattern cam (% and the other
bearing against the oscillating arbor frame E in rear of its pivot E².
The frame Ex is made longer to accommodate one or more additional cutting
mechanisms B and the carriages E' supporting the cutting mechanisms B¹ are made
adjustable in length and mounted to reciprocate in vertical guides.
Extending transversely beneath each carriage E' is a shaft go connected to the
shaft g of the gear system through bevel wheels 91 and carrying one or more
(preferably two) pattern cams. The carriage rests upon these cains 9 and is
actuated thereby to move the cutter head towards and away from the material, the
movements thus given being governed by the shape of the pattern cam, while the
design produced is influenced by the relation which these movements bear to the
oscillatory reciprocating motion of the cutter head carried by said carriage.
on a
The auxiliary cutting mechanisms B each comprises a vertically reciprocating
carriage or slide resting upon and deriving motion from a pattern cam 9
shaft driven through gearing g from one of the shafts g19.
This carriage is formed in two sections movable the one upon the other and
connected for adjustment by a screw or equivalent means. The upper section is
provided with transverse ways to receive a slide 2, whose inner or overhanging end
is provided with bearings for a vertical shaft j³ provided with a driving pulley and
a cutter head. The outer or rear end of the slide 2 is furnished with an abutment
or roller held in contact with a cam C2 on a vertical shaft 9, the latter being driven
through bevel gears 937 from shaft g¹.
The movement of the cutter carried by shaft may be made to coincide with or
depart from the figure produced by cutting mechanism B' by the proper adjustment
of its cam C2, and the same is true of the vertical motion as produced by cam g³, it
may be the same or differ from the motion communicated to the cutting mechanisms B¹
by cam g
With a mechanism constructed and working in accordance with the principles
herein described and illustrated, an endless variety of designs can be produced by the
substitution or interchanging of gearing, by altering the form and dimensions of the
cutters or bits, by the substitution of cams of different configuration or dimensions,
or by the adjustment of the several co-operative elements such as will effect a change
in the time, form and extent of the various movements given to the cutters relatively
to each other and to the feeding devices.
When, however, the adjustments have once been made and the machine is set in

page_text: motion, it will faithfully reproduce the same design so long as the unitary adjustment
and action of the parts remain undisturbed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;
1. The hereinbefore described improvement in the art of producing ornamental
or other figures, designs, or mouldings in or upon the surface of wood or other
materials, which consists in developing and forming the desired pattern or design by
causing the material to traverse in a predetermined line and simultaneously therewith
reciprocating or moving a rotating cutting head on a line transverse to the direction
in which the material is fed and at the same time oscillating said cutter about an
axis intersecting the principal cutter and the material and partaking of the
reciprocatory movement of the cutter head across the face of the material, whereby
as the pattern is developed, the cutter is held with its plane of rotation substantially
parallel with the direction of movement at the point of contact with the surface ;
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. As an improvement in the art of forming ornamental figures &c. on the face of
wood or other materials, the method substantially herein before described of developing
the design upon the surface operated upon which consists in moving the material
and a rotating cutter head in parallel horizontal planes but on intersecting vertical
planes and at predetermined speeds, and simultaneously therewith oscillating the
cutter head about a line or axis transverse to but intersecting the axis of rotation at
a fixed point, said oscillating movements corresponding in direction to the lateral
motion of the cutter head and in design proportioned to the relative motions of the
material and the cutter head; substantially as described.
3. The hereinbefore described improvement in the art of forming ornamental and
other designs in or upon a surface of wood or other material which consists in feeding
the material in a right line and at a predetermined rate of speed, supporting a rotating
cutter head above said moving material with its axis of rotation transverse thereto,
oscillating, said cutter head about an axis or center lying transverse to the axis of
rotation and intersecting the latter and the cutter head in the plane of rotation of
the principal cutter, and simultaneously therewith causing the axis of oscillation to
move or reciprocate in a line transverse to the motion and parallel to the surface of
the material operated upon; substantially as set forth.
4. The improvement in the art of forming ornamental and other figures in or upon
a surface of wood by the removal of a portion of the surface in predetermined lines,
which consists in feeding the material at a predetermined rate of speed and causing a
rotary cutter head carrying suitably shaped bits to traverse the surface of the
material with its axis of rotation substantially parallel with and moving in a direction
transverse to the line of movement of the material said motion of the cutter head
being produced and governed by the relative rate and direction of two motions given
the supports of the cutter head, the one perpendicular and the other transverse to the
plane of movement of the material, and simultaneously oscillating the cutter head
about an axis or center lying transverse to the plane in which the material is fed so
as to present the edge of the cutter squarely to the line of cut; substantially as
described.
5. The herein before described improvement in the art of forming ornamental
figures in or upon the surface of wood or other material by the removal of a portion
thereof, which consists in first forming a series of lines or cuts extending longitudinally
of the material, feeding the latter forwards and applying to the moving surface thereof
by suitably shaped cutters or bits mounted upon a rotating arbor, which latter is
given an oscillating reciprocating motion in a plane transverse to and intersecting
the material and arbor, and subsequently forming a second series of cuts in a similar
manner on lines intersecting the first named cuts at predetermined intervals }
substantially as described.

page_text: 6. The hereinbefore described improved method of producing ornamental and other
designs or figures in or upon a surface of wood or other material by means of
shaping cutters applied to a rotating head which consists in first forming a series of
lines or cuts extending longitudinally of the surface by reciprocating a cutter across
the surface in a line transverse to the longitudinal motion of the material and
oscillating said cutter about an axis transverse to the arbor and surface acted upon
and subsequently forming another series of lines or cuts longitudinally of the surface
and on lines intersecting or coinciding at predetermined intervals with the cuts or
lines first formed by the application of an oscillatory reciprocating cutter head
traversing the surface of the material; substantially as described.
7. The hereinbefore described method of forming ornamental figures on the
surface of wood ог other materials which consists in causing a rotating
cutter head carrying shaping bits to traverse the surface on a line or
lines resulting from and controlled by the relative motions given to the
material and cutter in transverse directions and simultaneously oscillating said cutter
head about an axis transverse to its axis of rotation, to produce one or more grooves
or beads extending in curved or irregular lines longitudinally of the surface and
subsequently forming in a similar manner a second line of grooves or beads similar to
the first and intersecting the latter at predetermined intervals, the two sets or series
of lines being so adjusted that at corresponding points in their length they will intersect
on a predetermined line or lines and at recurring intervals.
8. The method of forming a series of consecutive figures in or upon the surface of
wood or other materials which consists in forming by means of an oscillating recip-
rocating cutter traversing the face of the material, a series of grooves or beads in
irregular or curved lines extending longitudinally of the surface, and subsequently
forming a complementary series of beads or grooves in proximity to the first by
causing the cutters to traverse a path which approaches, intersects and departs from
the first series of beads or grooves at predetermined intervals, whereby a series of
separate figures are formed longitudinally of the surface; substantially as set forth.
9. In a machine or system such as described the combination with the feeding
mechanism of a cutting mechanism comprising an arbor carrying a cutter head projecting
across the material, bearings supporting said arbor and permitting both longitudinal
and angular or lateral movements of the cutter head in a plane parallel with the face of
the material and transverse to the line of feed, pattern cams controlling said longitudinal
and lateral movements of the cutter head and a gear train uniting the feeding
mechanism and pattern cams; substantially as described.
10. In a machine or system such as described, the combination with feeding
mechanism for advancing the material continuously in the same direction, of a cutting
mechanism comprising a cutter head and arbor mounted in bearings and moved by a
pattern cam to reciprocate the cutter head in a plane transverse to, but intersecting
the line of feed to form one edge or side of the material, and a second or top dressing
cutting mechanism comprising a cutter head and arbor mounted in bearings and
reciprocated simultaneously in two directions, the one transversely to the line of feed
and the other longitudinally thereof by a pattern cam; substantially as described.
11. In a machine or system such as described, the combination with feeding
mechanism for advancing the material continuously in the same direction, of a cutting
mechanism comprising a cutter head and arbor mounted in bearings and operated
upon by a pattern cam to reciprocate the cutter head in a plane transverse to but
intersecting the line of feed of the material, a second cutting mechanism comprising
a cutter head mounted on an arbor overlying the face of the material, supported in
bearings and reciprocated by a pattern cam or cams simultaneously in two directions
the one transversely of the moving material and the other longitudinally thereof, and
gearing uniting the cams of the two cutting mechanisms and the feed mechanism;
substantially as described.
12. In a machine or system such as described, the combination of the feeding
mechanism operating to advance the material continuously in the same direction, a
cutting mechanism comprising two cutter beads mounted upon arbors and supported

page_text: in movable bearings the cutter heads being located on opposite sides of the line in
which the material is moved by the feeding mechanism and the bearings operated
upon by pattern cams to cause the cutter heads to reciprocate toward and from the
opposite faces of the material as it is moved between them, and a second cutting
mechanism for dressing or ornamenting the face of the material the same comprising
two cutter heads mounted upon arbors and projected from opposite sides over the
material each of said arbors being mounted in separate bearings controlled by pattern
cams the latter operating to reciprocate the cutter head across the face of the material
and at the same time oscillate it so as to present the bits squarely to the line of cut;
substantially as described.
13. In a mechanism such as described and in combination with a feeding mechanism
for positively advancing the material two sets of cutting mechanism cooperating and
united through gearing with the feeding mechanism to simultaneously shape or give
form to the edges or sides and the face of the material, one of said cutting mechanisms
comprising two cutter heads located on opposite sides of the path traversed by the
material and reciprocated by pattern cams, and the other cutting mechanism com-
prising two cutter heads arranged in succession mounted on arbors and overlying the
face of the material both of said arbors and cutter heads being simultaneously
reciprocated and oscillated by pattern cams; substantially as described.
14. In a machine or system such as described, the combination with the feeding
mechanism for positively advancing the material, of a cutting mechanism cooperating
and united through gearing, with the feeding mechanism to produce upon the surface
of the material various ornamental and other designs, said cutting mechanism com-
prising a cutter head attached to a rotating arbor projecting laterally across the face
of the material and mounted in movable bearings, and pattern cams driven in unison
with the feeding mechanism and operating to reciprocate said arbor and cutter head
towards and from the material as well as laterally across the face of the latter ;
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
15. In a machine or system such as described, the combination with feeding rolls
for positively advancing the material in a straight line, of an oscillating reciprocating
arbor supported in movable bearings and carrying a cutter head projected across
the face of the material and pattern cams driven in unison with the feeding
mechanism controlling the oscillating reciprocating movements of the cutter head;
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
16. In a machine or system such as described and in combination with the feeding
mechanism for positively advancing the material, a cutter head and arbor projected
transversely across the face of the material and supported in a frame pivotally
connected to a reciprocating support on an axis intersecting the material, and pattern
cams driven in unison with the feeding mechanism and operating to reciprocate said
support and oscillate the arbor frame as the material is fed past the cutters;
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
17. In a machine or system such as described, the combination with the feeding rolls,
the cutting mechanism B₁ with its cutter heads located on opposite sides of the material
and affixed to parallel arbors supported in slides and actuated by pattern cams, the
cutting mechanism B with its cutter head mounted upon an arbor whose axis of
rotation intersects the plane in which the material is fed, said arbor being supported in
movable bearings actuated by pattern cams, and a system of gearing connecting the
pattern cams and feeding rolls to cause them to operate in unison; substantially as
described.
18. In a machine or system such as described, the combination with the feeding
mechanism for positively advancing the material, of a rotating arbor carrying a cutter
head parallel to the edge or side of the material and reciprocated by a cam in a
direction transverse to the line of movement of the material, a second cutter head
projected across the face of the material and mounted upon an oscillatory reciprocating
arbor whose movements are controlled by a pattern cam or cams, a third cutter head
attached to an arbor whose axis intersects the material at an angle to the line of
-movement said arbor being mounted in a reciprocating slide controlled by a cam or

page_text: cams, and a system of gearing uniting all of said cams and the driving mechanism as
and for the purpose set forth.
19. In a machine or system such as described, the combination with the feeding
mechanism, of a cutter head mounted upon the end of an arbor which latter is
supported in bearings so that its axis will intersect the material, a frame supporting
said bearings movable both laterally and longitudinally of the arbor and transversely
to the direction in which the material is advanced, pattern cams controlling the
movements of said support and gearing connecting said cams and the feeding
mechanism, as and for the purpose set forth.
20. In a mechanism such as described and in combination with devices for feeding
the material positively and at a predetermined speed, two oscillatory reciprocating
cutter heads arranged in succession and projected and working in planes above the
moving material to form distinct sections or parts of a unitary design the actuating
devices for reciprocating and oscillating said cutter heads being connected and driven
in unison to maintain the proper relations of the sections formed by the separate
cutting mechanisms and preserve the design evolved in its integrity.
21. In a mechanism such as described, the combination of the arbor frame pivotally
secured to a reciprocating slide or frame and a rotating pattern cam for controlling
the reciprocatory movements of said slide; substantially as described.
22. In combination with a reciprocating slide controlled in its movements by a
pattern cam, an arbor frame pivotally connected to said slide at a point opposite the
material and a cutter head mounted on the arbor between said pivot and material to
be operated upon; substantially as described.
23. In combination with a slide reciprocated across the line of feed by a pattern
cam, an arbor supporting frame pivotally connected to said first named slide on a line
at right angles to but intersecting the material fed beneath the cutter head, mounted
in the arbor supporting frame between its pivotal point of support and the material
operated upon and actuating devices operating to oscillate the arbor frame as its
support is reciprocated; substantially as described.
24. In combination with a reciprocating slide formed in two sections adjustably
connected, a pattern cam operating upon one of said sections to give motion to the
slide, and an arbor frame pivotally attached to the other, section of the slide with
devices for oscillating said arbor frame; substantially as described.
25. In combination with a reciprocating slide formed in two sections adjustably
connected, and actuating devices connected to one of said sections for reciprocating
the slide, and an arbor frame pivotally connected to the other section of the slide
and carrying a driving pulley and cutter head, with devices for adjusting the arbor
frame relatively to its pivot; substantially as described.
26. In combination with the reciprocating slide and an actuating cam therefor, an
arbor and cutter head mounted in a frame the latter pivotally and adjustably connected
to said reciprocating slide on a line transverse to the axis of the cutter head and in a
plane intersecting the cutters and the material acted on with mechanism for oscillating
said arbor frame; substantially as described.
27. In combination with a reciprocating carriage and actuating cams therefor, a
transversely reciprocating slide mounted upon said carriage and an actuating cam
therefor, and an oscillating arbor frame pivotally attached to said slide on an axis
transverse to but intersecting the line of feed of the material to be operated upon,
and a cutter head supported upon the arbor frame and beneath the pivotal point of
attachment; substantially as described.
28. In a machine such as described, and in combination with the carriage, the
transversely movable slide mounted thereon and the arbor frame supported by said
slide, independent actuating cams for said carriage and slide and gearing connecting
the said cams; substantially as described.
29. In combination with devices supporting the cutter head, the vertically
reciprocating carriage formed in two sections adjustably connected together, the
cutter head supporting devices being mounted upon the upper section, and a pattern
cam engaging the lower section; substantially as described.

page_text: 30. In combination with two shafts rotating in unison with each other, cams
secured to each shaft, two slides, the one supported upon the other and each actuated
independently by one of the cams, and an arbor frame, arbor and cutter head pivotally
supported upon the slide, which being mounted upon the companion slide partakes of
the motions imparted by both cams; substantially as described.
31. The combination with a slide reciprocating in ways transversely of the direction
in which the material is fed and with its front end overhanging the work support, an
arbor frame pivotally attached to the overhanging portion of the slide and carrying a
cutter head in line with the pivot, with a driving mechanism common to the slide and
arbor frame for reciprocating the former and simultaneously oscillating the latter ;
substantially as described.
32. In combination with a slide supported in ways and adjustable in height,
actuating devices for reciprocating said slide abovo and transversely to the line in
which the material is fed, an arbor frame supported longitudinally of the slide and
carrying the cutter head, a pivot bolt uniting the arbor frame and slide, said bolt
being located above the cutter head and made adjustable longitudinally of the arbor
frame; substantially as described.
33. In combination with the reciprocating slide and the actuating devices therefor,
the oscillating arbor frame pivotally attached to said slide on an axis intersecting the
cutter head, and actuating devices for oscillating said arbor frame as its supporting
slide is reciprocated; substantially as described.
34. In combination with the reciprocating slide, the arbor frame, adjustable longi-
tudinally of the slide and connected thereto by a transverse pivot, the latter located
opposite the cutter head and in a plane intersecting the line of feed of the material;
substantially as described.
35. In combination with the vertical carriage adjustable in length and the actuating
cams for reciprocating said carriage, the slide also adjustable in length and supported
to reciprocate in ways on the said carriage and in a direction transversely to the
movement of the latter, and the arbor frame carrying the arbor and cutter head, the
whole pivotally connected to the slide and oscillating about a center which latter
intersects the cutter and the material as fed beneath the latter; substantially as
described.
36. In a machine, such as described, wherein the frame or slide upon which the
cutting mechanism is mounted is moved transversely to the line of feed of the material
by two sets of actuating devices operating simultaneously but in different planes and
in combination with said movable slide or frame, an arbor frame supporting the
rotating arbor and cutter head of the cutting mechanism and a transverse pivotal
connection forming the center of oscillation of the arbor frame and connecting the
latter to the movable supporting slide; substantially as described.
37. In combination with two slides, the one movable in guides and the other upon
and transversely to the line of movement of the first named slide, cams for recipro-
cating said slides, an arbor frame pivotally attached to the second slide, a cutter head
mounted upon said arbor, and devices for oscillating said arbor frame while the latter
reciprocates; substantially as described.
38. In combination with a table or support for the material, a slide reciprocating
transversely of the table and an arbor frame pivotally attached to said slide and
carrying an arbor and cutter head projected across the face of the material, a vertically
movable carriago supporting said slide and arbor frame substantially as described,
whereby as the cutter head revolves and oscillates it is moved both laterally and
vertically with reference to the material supported upon the table.
39. In a machine of the character herein described, the combination with the work
support or table over which the material to be operated upon is fed, a frame or slide
reciprocated in a line transverse to said work support, an arbor frame connected to
said reciprocating frame and oscillating about an axis or center transverse to the line
of movement of said reciprocating frame, an arbor carrying a cutter head mounted
upon said arbor frame with the cutters or bits projected in line with and intersecting
the prolongation of the axis about which said arbor frame oscillates, and devices for

page_text: reciprocating the first mentioned frame or support and oscillating the arbor frame
while the cutter head is rotating, substantially as described; whereby the cutter head
is carried across the face of the material and oscillated about an axis intersecting the
cutters and the material, as set forth.
40. In a wood shaping machine, the combination with devices for feeding or
advancing the material to be operated upon, an oscillatory reciprocating cutter frame
carrying a rotary cutter head projected over the face of the material and tranversing
across the surface thereof in lines transverse to the feed motion; substantially as
described.
41. In a wood shaping machine and in combination with devices operating to
advance or feed the material, an oscillatory reciprocating frame, a rotating spindle
mounted in said frame and carrying a cutter head above and projected across
the surface of the material to be operated upon, with devices for automatically
oscillating and reciprocating said frame; substantially as described.
42. In a shaping machine such as described, the combination of feeding mechanism
for advancing the material, an oscillatory reciprocating frame supporting a rotary
cutter head overlying the surface to be acted upon and reciprocating in a line transverse
to the direction of feed motion, a cam or pattern moving in unison with the material
and operating to simultaneously reciprocate and oscillate the frame supporting the
cutter head; substantially as described.
43. In a machine such as described, wherein an overhung arbor frame is pivotally
attached to its support so as to oscillate thereon, and in combination with said frame
provided with an opening for the passage of the driving belt, an arbor carrying a pulley
and a cutter head and supported at each end and between the cutter head and pulley
in bearings attached to the arbor frame on the side next the material to be operated
upon; substantially as described.
44. In combination with the oscillating arbor frame the arbor carrying cutter head
and pulley and supported in bearings on opposite sides of the pulley and at a point
beyond the cutter head in a detachable bearing in the overhanging portion of the
arbor frame; substantially as described.
45. In combination with the arbor frame pivotally supported and extended beyond
the center of oscillation the arbor supported in bearings upon said frame and in a plane
transverse to but intersecting the pivotal center, said bearings being mounted upon
the arbor frame and supporting the arbor on both sides of the cutter head and pulley ;
substantially as described.
46. In a machine such as described, and in combination with the reciprocating slide
and the oscillating arbor frame pivotally mounted on the former, a lever connected to
said oscillating frame and actuated by a slide and cam to control the oscillations of
said arbor frame; substantially as described.
47. In combination with the slide and its actuating cam, the arbor frame pivotally
connected to said slide, a lever connected by a link to the pivotal support of the arbor
frame, and a reciprocating bar engaging said lever and actuated by a cam to control the
oscillation of the arbor frame; substantially as described.
48. In combination with the reciprocating slide and its actuating devices, the arbor
frame carrying arbor, pulley and cutter head pivotally secured to the overhanging
portion of said slide, an arm secured to the pivotal support for the arbor frame and
connected to a lever, and a reciprocating bar actuated in unison with the devices
controlling the movements of the slide and engaging said lever; substantially as
described.
49. In combination with the oscillating arbor frame the slide or support upon
which it is mounted and the arm through which motion is transmitted to said arbor
frame, a sleeve or thimble passing through the support and abutting against said arm
and arbor frame and a bolt passing through said sleeve and engaging both the arbor
frame and arm to secure them in position and clamp them upon the sleeve; sub-
stantially as described.
50. In combination the oscillating arbor frame, its support and the bolt forming a
pivotal connection, an arm secured to said bolt and connected to an operating lever,

page_text: the latter mounted upon an adjustable fulcrum and operating devices engaging said
lever, to oscillate the arbor frame; substantially as described.
51. In combination with the oscillating arbor frame and the arm and link attached
thereto, a lever provided with an inclined face and a reciprocating bar engaging said
inclined portion; substantially as described.
52. In a machine such as described, the combination of the carriage provided with
an opening for the passage of the driving belt a slide reciprocating in ways on the
carriage and extended beyond said opening and provided with a corresponding
opening or space for the driving belt, the oscillating arbor frame mounted beneath said
slide, the arbor supported in bearings on said frame, the cutter head located between
the work and the pivotal point of attachment to the slide and in line with said pivot and
the pulley also mounted on said arbor and beneath the supporting slide; substantially
as described.
53. In combination with the slide overhanging the work support, the arbor frame
adjustably attached to said overhanging portion by pivotal connection, an arm secured
to said pivot, an actuating lever, a link interposed between said arm and lever, and
devices acting upon said lever to cause it to oscillate; substantially as described.
54. In a system such as described wherein two or more cutting mechanisms are
arranged in series and adapted to operate respectively, upon the side or edge and the
face of the material as it is fed past them, the combination with the adjustable cams
forming part of the actuating devices for controlling or effecting the movements of the
cutter heads transversely to the line of feed, of the gages cooperating with said cams
for determining the relative positions of the series of cams substantially as described,
whereby when a given pattern has been produced and the record of adjustment made
from the reading of the gages, the same pattern can be reproduced by setting the series
of cams at the recorded points or degrees, as set forth.
55. In a machine such as described and in combination with the series of cutting
mechanisms for operating upon the face and side of the material, and the actuating
devices governing or controlling the movements of the cutting mechanisms transverse
to the line in which the material is fed, said actuating devices being connected and
driven in unison with the feed, an adjustable cam forming part of the actuating devices
of each cutting mechanism, and serving to determine the position and movement of
the cutter head, and two gages cooperating with said cam, the one for determining the
throw and the other the angular position of the cam relatively to its driving shaft and
the reciprocating slide, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
56. In a machine such as described, the combination with the slide carrying the
cutting devices, the controlling cam adjustably secured to a sleeve on the driving
shaft, and two gages or index plates, the one for determining the throw, and the other
for determining the angular position of the cam; substantially as described.
57. In combination with cutting mechanisms B B1, each containing a cutter head, arbor
and arbor frame, mounted upon a slide, a series of radial and adjustable cams, one for each
slide, connected together and driven in unison, and two series of graduated scales, one
scale for each of said series being applied to the cam controlling the slide of each
cutting mechanism for registering its angular and radial position and the position of
the slide with respect to its driving shaft and to all the other slides; substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
58. In a machine such as described, the combination with the oscillating arbor frame
mounted upon a reciprocating slide, the table for supporting the material to be
operated upon notched at the edge to accommodate the arbor frame; substantially as
described.
59. In a machine such as described, the combination with the two reciprocating
slides carrying oscillatory cutter heads, the driving shafts for transmitting motion to
said slides, and driving gearing connecting said shafts whereby they are caused to
move in unison, of a cam applied to each of said driving shafts and interposed between
the latter and the slide to control the reciprocatory movements of said slide said cains
being made adjustable as to throw an angular position with respect to the driving
shafts and slides, in order that the relative position and movements of the slides may

page_text: be varied, and an index or indicator cooperating with the cams to determine the
relative positions of adjustment and cooperative relations of the movable cutters;
substantially as described.
60. In a mechanisın such as described, wherein two or more independent oscillatory
reciprocating mechanisms are arranged in series to cooperate in forming a design or
molding on the face of the material, the combination with said cutting mechanisms
arranged to traverse across the face of the material, and each provided with
actuating devices, such as cams, for controlling the reciprocatory movements of the
cutter across the face of the material, of a system of gearing adjustably connected to
the said actuating devices and uniting the latter, substantially as described, whereby
the actuating devices of one cutting mechanism can be shifted with respect to the
driving gearing, to change the movements imparted to the several cutting inechanisms
relatively to each other, as set forth.
61. In a mechanisın such as described, the combination of two cutting mechanisms,
one for dressing the edge of the material being provided with a cutter head mounted
in a support movable towards and from the material and the other for dressing the face
provided with a cutter head mounted to oscillate and reciprocate across the face of the
material, a feeding mechanism acting to advance the material, actuating devices, such
as pattern cams, operating upon the supports of each cutter head to reciprocate the
latter and control their movement, and a driving mechanism such as a train of gearing
operating in unison with the feeding mechanism and adjustably connected to said
actuating devices or cams, whereby the movements imparted to the cutting mechanism
can be varied relatively to each other and the feeding mechanism; substantially as
described.
62. In a mechanism such as described, the combination with a series of reciprocating
cutting mechanisms and a corresponding series of actuating devices, such as pattern
cams, controlling the reciprocatory movements of the cutter supports, a driving mechanism
common to the several actuating devices or cams and adjustably connected thereto
so as to permit one actuating device or cam to be advanced relatively to another
whereby the order in which the actuating devices operate to effect the reciprocatory
movements of the cutters is varied or changed, and index points connected to the
actuating devices for setting the latter as and for the purpose set forth.
63. In a mechanism such as described, the combination of a series of oscillatory
reciprocating cutter heads arranged to traverse the surface of the material, a corres-
ponding series of actuating devices, such as cams, acting upon the supports for the
cutter heads to effect both the oscillatory and reciprocatory motions, and a driving
mechanism such as a system of gearing, adjustably connected to the series of actuating
devices to permit one or more of said actuating devices to be advanced or the throw
increased relatively to the others and the gearing substantially as described, whereby
the lines of travel by each cutter head upon the face of the material can be varied
relatively to the others and the design correspondingly modified, as set forth.
Dated this 15th day of December 1888
CHARLES LOUIS GOEHRING.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents.
"