Improvements in the Process of Mordanting Vegetable Textile Materials for Dyeing.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 11th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 19th Sept., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of Mordanting Vegetable Textile
Materials for Dyeing.
1, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the Firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Chartered Institute
of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication
to me by C. H. Boehringer Sohn, of Nieder-Ingelheim-on-the-Rhine Chemical
Works,) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the mcrdanting of textile fibres for dyeing, and consists
essentially in the employment of lactate of zinc as a mordant.
In inordanting by means of antimony-tannin, as usual, the mordant employed is
for the most part unutilized so that a considerable portion is lost with the waste
waters, whereas by the employment of lactate of zine as a mordant this drawback
is obviated because the zinc is almost quantitatively precipitated by the fibre, and
consequently the quantity of mordant required for mordanting a definite quantity
of material can be easily determined beforehand, thus avoiding loss of useful
material.
Practical experiments have shewn that cotton mordanted with lactate of zinc is
capable of fixing basic colouring matters and also some acid diphenylmethane
colouring matters. Colours dyed by these means are not, however, so "fast" to
washing as colours dyed with tannin and antimony salts, but are sufficiently "fast"
to washing for many purposes, especially as any white cotton that may be woven
in does not become coloured by the die discharged in soaping.
Colours which are "fast" to washing are produced by placing the zinc-mordanted
cotton subsequently in a cold tannin bath or into a cold decoction of any other
tannin-containing substance (for example sumach, divi-divi, quebracho, and the
like). Cotton thus preliminarily mordanted is capable of fixing quantitatively an
amount of tannin which is equivalent to the combined lactate of zinc. This is an
advantage not possessed by the well known process of mordanting with antimony-
tannin.
Cotton mordanted with lactate of zinc is also capable of fixing mordant colouring
matters, that is to say all the wood dyes, the alizarin colouring matters, and the
mordant colouring matters related thereto (such as, for example, coerulein, gallein,
alizarin yellow, brilliant alizarin blue, etc.,) in a boiling bath.
As the price of lactate of zinc is considerably less than the price of the antimony-
tannin mordant, whilst loss of mordant can be completely avoided, the cost of
mordanting with lactate of zinc can be reduced to about one-third of the cost
heretofore necessary.
Dated this 6th day of January 1896
A. M. & W M. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.

page_text: Improvements in the Process of Mordanting Vegetable Textile
Materials for Dyeing.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the Firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark of
53, Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Chartered Institute
of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication
to me by C. H. Boehringer Sohn of Nieder-Ingelheim-on-the-Rhine Chemical
Works,) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the mordanting of textile fibres for dyeing and consists
essentially in the employment of lactate of zinc as a mordant.
In mordanting by means of antimony-tannin as usual, the mordant employed is
for the most part unutilized so that a considerable portion is lost with the waste
waters whereas by the employment of lactate of zinc as a mordant this drawback
is obviated because the zinc is almost quantitatively precipitated by the fibre and
consequently the quantity of mordant required for mordanting a definite quantity
of material can be easily determined beforehand, thus avoiding loss of useful
material.
Practical experiments have shewn that cotton mordanted with lactate of zinc is
capable of fixing basic colouring matters and also some acid diphenylmethane
colouring matters. Colours dyed by these meaus are not, however, so "fast" to
washing as colours dyed with tannin and antimony salts but are sufficiently "fast"
to washing for many purposes especially as any white cotton that may be woven in
does not become coloured by the dye discharged in soaping.
Colours which are "fast" to washing are produced by placing the zinc-mordanted
cotton subsequently in a cold tannin bath or into a cold decoction of any other
tannin-containing substance (for example sumach, divi-divi, quebracho, and the
like). Cotton thus preliminarily mordanted is capable of fixing quantitatively an
amount of tannin which is equivalent to the combined lactate of zinc. This is an
advantage not possessed by the well known process of mordanting with antimony-
tannin.
Cotton merdanted with lactate of zinc is also capable of fixing mordant colouring
matters, that is to say all the wood dyes, the alizarin colouring matters, and the
mordant colouring matters related thereto (such as for example coerulein, gallein,
alizarin yellow, brilliant alizarin blue, etc.) in a boiling bath.
As the price of lactate of zinc is considerably less than the price of the antimony-
tannin mordant, whilst loss of mordant can be completely avoided, the cost of
mordanting with lactate of zinc can be reduced to about one-third of the cost
beretofore necessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what mauner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The process of mordanting cotton or other vegetable textile fibres by means of
lactate of zinc so that the fibres can be dyed either directly or by the aid of tannin
with basic or with mordant-colouring matters or with a combination of both.
Dated this 11th day of August 1896.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.