IMPROVEMENTS IN BACK BEAM WARPING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Rossetter, of Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BACK BEAM
WARPING MACHINES."
Sealed the 11th September 1863, and dated the 11th March 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Rossetter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1868.
I, WILLIAM ROSSETTER, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BACK
BEAM WARPING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved expanding and contracting reed or
wraith employed in back beam warping machines, together with a purely
mechanical arrangement for stopping the machine when one or more warp
threads break.
My first improvement consists in an expanding and contracting reed or
wraith having one or more spiral springs as the agent for expansion and
contraction in this reed or wraith. These spiral springs are laid or supported
in a suitable frame or box, and connected at one end with a right and at

page_text: the other end with a left-hand screw or other similar agent for expanding and
contracting the spiral springs proportionally. These spiral springs are con-
nected at right angles by small bars with projections upon them; the pro-
jections have holes or slots to guide pins or similar agents, which pins or
similar agents are supported by the yarn when entire.
Secondly, I employ a vibrator or roller with blades which vibrates or
revolves under the before-mentioned reed or wraith when not obstructed by
the falling of one or more of the pins that are supported by the yarn when
entire. If the vibrator or roller be obstructed by one or more of the
pins falling, a lever which is connected with the vibrator or roller is sus-
pended; this suspended lever brings another lever in contact with a spring
handle or knocker-off connected to the driving strap, and thus stops the
machine.
Thirdly, I propose, in this arrangement for stopping the machine to use the
ordinary expanding and contracting reed or wraith which guides the yarn on
the beam. I place in front or at the back of the reed or wraith one or more
wires, these wires being at right angles with the warp threads. Upon these
wires I place for each thread in the warp a short lever; each lever has at one
end a continuous or split eye for the yarn to pass through; at the other end
of the lever is a catch or hook which is suspended by the yarn when entire.
When the
yarn breaks the catch or hook is allowed to fall and is caught by
the vibrator or revolving roller with blades, which is in communication with
the spring handle, and stops the machine, as above referred to.
Fourthly, I drive this machine by means of a flanged pulley upon the shaft
end of the drum, and the strap is caused to be slack and tight upon the flanged
pulley by means of a lever and small pulley connected with the spring handle
for stopping and starting the machine, so that when the machine is put in
operation the lever and small pulley tighten the strap upon the large flanged
pulley.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Rossetter in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th September 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROSSETTER, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Rossetter, Her special license that I, the said William
Rossetter, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Rossetter, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BACK BEAM WARPING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Rossetter, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Rossetter, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
My Invention consists in certain improved combinations and arrangements
of self-acting machinery for stopping back beam warping machines when a
warp thread breaks or fails to be supplied; also combining the dents and
cross bars with spiral springs for expanding and contracting the reed or
wraith to suit the warp, and in the mode of communicating motion to such
machines.
And in order that my improvements may be clearly understood I will
proceed to describe the three accompanying Sheets of Drawings, reference
being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Figure 1 is an end elevation of a back beam warping machine
to which one mode of constructing my improvements is applied; Figure 2 is
a front elevation of part of the same.
the
A represents the frame end, in which are mounted two tin rollers B, B²;
yarn, in its transit from the winder's bobbins to the beam B³, passes over
the tin roller B and under the small tin roller B', then over the front roller B',
and thence to the beam B³, on which it is wound in the usual manner. The

page_text: object of the small middle tin roller B¹ is twofold; when the yarn is passing
in a forward direction the roller B', which is supported by the warp threads
and is at liberty to rise and fall in side grooves, shewn by dotted lines, causes
it to touch part of the periphery of the tin roller B, which, in revolving, gives
motion to the usual appliances for measuring the length of yarn passed; the
other object of the roller B' is to take up the overrun of the bobbins when the
machine is stopped and to take up or keep stretched any yarn that may be
unwound or let back from the beam B. Between the roller B2 and the.
beam B³ is fixed a box of iron or other material C, extending from one end
of the machine to the other; on the inside of this box are two longitudinal
ledges which serve as seats for the dents and cross bars D to rest on (slots or
grooves might be used in place of these ledges). These dents and cross bars
are kept at the required distance apart by coiled springs E made of round or
flat wire, and of round, oval, or rectangular shape; these springs are made to
contract or expand by right and left handed screws or other usual means.
The dents and cross bars D are perforated in suitable places to receive wires
which pass from one side of the machine to the other, and serve the purpose
of keeping the springs E in their proper places. About midway in the cross
bars of the dents is a hole or slot to receive a wire on which the catch levers F
are hinged. These levers have a hole or an open slot through which the
thread passes; the one shewn is open, having the back part of the slot or.
recess longer than the front to facilitate the threading of the yarn; at the
other and heavier end of the lever is a catch or other suitable agent, so that,
on the breakage of the yarn, or when a bobbin becomes empty, the catch drops
and comes in contact with a vibrating bar or rail G which oscillates on the
centre shaft H in the usual manner. The dotted lever F is shewn in contact
with the vibrating bar G, which, when thus held, keeps the lever H¹ from
falling to the lever H¹ is attached a perpendicular rod K, which, when there
is no obstruction to the vibrating rail G, is lifted by means of the spring P¹;
this spring may be made of round or flat steel or other elastic metal, and of a
coil or other form. When the machine is to be started motion is given to the
slide bar S by means of the handle ✗, segment X', and rack at the back of
the slide bar S, to which is fixed a stud S acting against the spring-starting
lever R' that carries a finger-shaped bracket P and presses the spring P
outwards, so that the end P' passes outside of the perpendicular rod K, which
has a heel, as shewn in Fig. 2, to keep the spring P¹ from going inwards
when left by the finger bracket P; this spring P¹ receives an upward and
downward motion from the vertical rod L, to which it is fixed; the rod L

page_text: also carries a guide fixing in which the perpendicular rod K slides. Tho
rod L slides up and down in the guides U and U¹, and it is connected to the
wheel N by the connecting link M; in the wheel N is a stud which, in
revolving, causes the connecting link M and rod L to be raised and lowered;
this motion is communicated by means of the spring P¹ to the rod K and
vibrating rail G. When a thread of the warp breaks or ceases to pass, the
lever F, through which it had passed, becomes liberated, and the end with the
catch sinks and comes in contact with the vibrating bar G; by this means the
rod K is prevented from falling with the lever L, and consequently the spring
P' is liberated, the end P3 of which carries a lug or other suitable contrivance
for acting on the spring-starting lever R' and presses it out of its retaining
notch. The spring-starting lever R¹ acts on the stud S2 and communicates
with the strap fork and stops the machine. The wheel N is driven by the
wheel N', which is fastened to the drum shaft O.
On Sheet 2, Figures 3 and 4 represent a friction apparatus by which the
whole of the stop motion may remain at rest until it is required.
A friction clam Y is secured on the drum shaft O, and tho wheel N' is
loose on the same; on the wheel N¹ is cast a boss, in which is cut a groove
which is made to receive the fork V, secured to the spring-starting lever R'.
When the lever R' is acted upon by means of the spring P it bends towards
the frame, and, by means of the fork V, carries with it the wheel N', and so
breaks the connection of the two frictional surfaces, and by this means brings
the stop motion to rest.
In Figures 5 and 6 the same effect is produced by a clutch box, which may
bo acted upon in the manner above described or in any other convenient
manner.
In Figures 7, 8, and 9, O is the drum shaft to which is fixed the break
wheel O', which is brought into use, when the machine is to be stopped, in
the following manner :-Around the wheel O' is a belt O of flat steel or other
metal, one end of which is fastened, by means of a set screw, to the stud 0³,.
and the other end to the weighted lever O*; the weight on this lever can be
adjusted. To the side of the lever O' is attached an eye bolt, through which
passes a hook O³, the upper end of which passes through (and is secured by
means of two lock nuts so as to allow of adjusting) the lever 0°, which is
fastened to the.front of the machine by a stud. When the machine is at work
the inclined slide S³, which is fixed to the slide bar S, slides under the lever 0
and lifts it, and with it the weight lever O', and releases the break. When
the machine is to be stopped the slide bar S slides in the direction. of the

page_text: arrow, and with it the inclined slide S³, and so allows the weight lever O* to
fall, and causes the friction belt which surrounds the wheel O' to bind on its
periphery; the friction belt 0 is lined with leather, india-rubber, or other
suitable material. When the machine has been stopped the break can be
released by moving the slide S further in the direction of the arrow to bring
the inclined bracket S' to act on the other side of the lever 06.
Figure 10 is an elevation in section of the box C shewn in Figure 1, aud
of the dents and cross bars D, with one lever F. The plate C' serves to keep
dust from the lever joints. Figure 11 shews the dents and cross bars D with
two guides, one before and the other behind the levers F. Fig. 12 is a
section of a box C with dents and cross bars D arranged for two rows of
levers F; the vibrator G is also double, but it acts in the manner before
described.
On Sheet 3, Figures 13 and 14 shew a front and side view of a motion for
working the vibrator G by means of a tappet or cam on the drum shaft. O;
the tappet may have three elevators and depressors, as shewn in the Drawing,
or more or less.
Figures 15 and 16 represent another part of my improvements, consisting
of an arrangement for giving rigidity to the yarn in its passage over the
stop levers F; this I accomplish by means of round or flat bars, rods, or
wires a, a, passing across the machine. These wires are inserted or secured
to moveable brackets b at each end of the machine; these brackets are fixed
on studs c to the framing of the machine.
Figure 15 is a section of the reed box C shewing the brackets 6 in their
two positions; the dotted lines shew them in their position when the yarn is
all going on the beam, and the full lines shew them in a raised position, so as
to give more room for threading the yarn through the slots in the levers F ;
X is the upright shaft that gives motion to the traverse rod S see (Figure 1);
at the same time that it imparts motion to the rod S it causes the cam X' to
press against the lever bracket b', and by so doing raises the end 6 in which
the wires a are fixed, and so facilitates the threading.
Figure 17 represents a modification of my improvements which consists in
making use of the levers F¹ which are held up by the yarn. These levers
have a hook or catch and they are hinged on the wire F. When the yarn is
all going forward the levers are all held up between the supporting wires a, a ;
but when a thread breaks it lets the front end of the lever fall and the hook
then comes in contact with the vibrator or other agent placed underneath and
stops the machine. The object of the end F of the lever F¹ is to act as

page_text: indicator when a thread is broken. and to assist in raising the front end F for
threading.
Figure 18 shews the dent and cross bar D with an open slot, and the
levers F, which are arranged in one row, have also an open slot to facilitate
hinging on the supporting wire. Figure 19 shews the dent and cross bars D
arranged for two rows of levers F with slots in levers and dents.
Figure 20 shews a side view of a motion for working the vibrating bar.
In this arrangement a tappet, similar to that shewn in Figure 13, is fixed on
the drum shaft O and works the upright rod L by means of the lever L¹.
Figures 21 and 22 represent a front and side view of a reed with dents and
bars with frictional bowls underneath the dents, by which the reed is allowed
to expand and contract easily.
Figure 23 shews a plan of a reed box C with bars and dents having slots or
holes through them to admit of pins, by this means the pins can be set in one
or more rows, and each bar and dent can have one or more slots.
'
Figure 24 shews a side view of an ordinary reed with holes through the
centre of the dent to receive a wire, on this wire I place hooks or levers F
with holes or slots, as before described; the levers F may be hinged to wires
at the back or at the front of the reed dents.
Figure 25 is a plan view of a double sheath or pin holder.
Figure 26 shews a side view, and Figure 27 a front view, of an ordinary
reed with double sheath or pin holder with the pin in working position; this
pin is placed at the back or the front of the reed, as the case requires. I also
use wires or bars a, a, stretched across the machine at the back and the front
of the reed or pins; these wires are used to give rigidity to the yarn in
holding the pin up in the sheath, as clearly shewn in the Drawings.
Figure 28 is a side view of a modification of my improvements. In this
arrangement the warp threads pass through the eyes or holes in one end of
the catch levers F, the other end of the levers having a hook, as before
described. The levers F are pressed upon the rods a, a, by the tension of the
warp threads, and the warp threads pass between the dents of the reed e as
usual. Under the levers F the roller with blades d revolves slowly; this
roller forms no part of my Invention, and a vibrating bar G may be used
instead. The lever H', hinged to the shaft H, bears upon the upper end of
the rod L, which has an up-and-down motion imparted to it by an eccentric
or tappet; to the rod L is jointed the tumbler catch or lever Z. As long as
all the warps threads are passing forward to the warp beam the catch Z iş
held in the position shewn by the wire Z', which is hinged to the lever H',

page_text: and moves freely up and down without touching the spring-starting lever R';
but as soon as an end breaks the roller with blades d is stopped by the hook
of the lever F, and the wire Z', being held up, allows the tumbler catch Z, at
'the next descent of the rod L, to assume the position indicated by dots; the
end of the catch then comes in contact with the spring-starting lever R¹ and
liberates it from its retaining notch, thus stopping the machine.
The last part of my Invention may be clearly understood without the aid of
Drawings. To the end of the shaft O, see Figure 1, is fixed a flanged pulley,
around which the driving strap passes; this strap is tightened or slackened by
means of a lever and small pulley connected with the spring-starting lever R',
so that when the machine is started the small pulley tightens the driving strap
and slackens it when the spring-starting lever is thrown out of its retaining
*notch.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the combined dents and cross bars, marked D, either with one or two
dents, as shewn and described.
Secondly, the improved balanced catch levers F, and the making of one side
of the open slot for guiding the warp threads longer than the other to facilitate
the threading of the warp threads.
Thirdly, the improved combinations of machinery for liberating the spring-
starting lever and stopping the machine when one of the catch levers F
'drops.
.
Fourthly, the application of a friction apparatus or clutch box, as shewn in
Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, for giving motion to the vibrator or revolving roller
with blades, and for disconnecting the same when a warp thread breaks or
fails to be supplied.
Fifthly, the improved arrangement of friction break, as shewn and described
in reference to Figures 7, 8, and 9.
Sixthly, the application of tappets for driving the vibrator or roller with
blades, as shewn and described in reference to Figures 13, 14, and 20.
Seventhly, the application of the cross wires or rods a, a, for giving rigidity
to the warp threads in the manner described.
Eighthly, the improved catch lever with the indicating end, as shewn and
described in Figure 17.
Ninthly, the application of a double sheath or pin holder to reeds of the
ordinary construction, as shewn and described in reference to Figures 25,
26, and 27.

page_text: Tenthly, the application of friction bowls to reeds or wraiths, as shewn in
Figures 21 and 22, and to reeds or wraiths of the present construction.
And, lastly, the improved mode of tightening and slackening the driving
strap of a warp beaming machine, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Rossetter, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
WILLIAM ROSSETTER. (LB.)