A NEW COMBINATION OF METALS APPLICABLE TO DECORATIVE AND USEFUL PURPOSES, PART OF WHICH INVENTION IS APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE METHOD OF COMBINING METALS AND ALLOYS OF METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Warne, of No. 3, Weymouth Place, New
Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, Pewterer, for the Invention of
"A NEW COMBINATION OF METALS APPLICABLE TO DECORATIVE AND USEFUL
PURPOSES, PART OF WHICH INVENTION IS APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE METHOD OF
COMBINING METALS AND ALLOYS OF METALS."
Sealed the 21st July 1857, and dated the 22nd January 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Warne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1857.
I, JAMES WARNE, of No. 3, Weymouth Place, New Kent Road, in the
County of Surrey, Pewterer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW COMBINATION OF METALS APPLICABLE TO DECORATIVE AND USEFUL
PURPOSES, PART OF WHICH INVENTION IS APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE METHOD OF COM-
BINING METALS AND ALLOYS OF METALS," to be as follows:-
The first part of the said Invention consists in forming a new combination
of metals applicable to covering the tops of bar or shop counters and tables,
and to other decorative and useful purposes, by soldering or fusing together the
following metals or alloys of metals, so as to produce a hard metallic surface
resembling silver inseparably combined with a body or back of baser metal or
alloy. The alloy employed for the surface consists of the following metals,
namely, block or ingot tin, nickel, bizimuth, and cobalt. The alloy employed

page_text: for the body or back consists of common pewter or lead hardened with regulus
or spelter to the same degree as the surface metal or alloy.
The second part of my Invention consists in a novel method of soldering or
uniting by fusion the above alloys of metals, and is applicable to the combining
or soldering of other metals and alloys of metals.
The first metal or alloy in a liquid or fuzed state is to be poured into a
vessel or mould to the required depth, and when just set a heated perforated
metal plate is placed upon the surface to fuze the same. As soon as the metal
or alloy rises through the perforations, the plate is withdrawn, and the second
metal or alloy is poured in. Thus, a block or ingot is produced, formed of
two distinct metals or alloys, firmly and inseparably combined or soldered,
which may then be rolled out into sheets of the required thickness, and the
two metals or alloys both being of the same hardness will spread or draw
evenly, and their relative proportions will always remain the same however
thin the plate may be rolled out. Thus a combination of metals may be
produced, having a thin layer of a superior metal or alloy on the surface
combined with a body of baser metal or alloy of any required substance or
thickness.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Warne in the Great Seal Patent Office on the s
22nd July 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WARNE, of No. 3, Weymouth Place, New Kent Road, in the County of
Surrey, Pewterer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Warne, Her special licence that I, the said James Warne, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Warne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW COMBINATION OF METALS
APPLICABLE TO DECORATIVE AND USEPUL PURPOSES, PART OF WHICH INVENTION IS

page_text: APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE METHOD OF COMBINING METALS AND ALLOYS OF METALS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Warne, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the,
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Warne, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, that is to say :-
The first part of my said Invention consists, in forming a new combination of
metals applicable to covering the tops of bar or shop counters and tables, and
to other decorative and useful purposes, by soldering or fusing together the
following metals or alloys of metals, so as to produce a hard metallic surface
resembling silver, inseparably combined with a body or back of baser metal
or alloy. The alloy employed for the surface consists of the following
metals, namely, block or ingot tin, nickel, bizmuth, and cobalt. The
proportions of these metals may be varied according to the use to which
the metal or combination of metal is to be applied, but for covering the
tops of bar or shop counters, I prefer to use the following proportions,
namely, to one hundredweight of block or ingot tin, seven pounds weight
of nickel, seven pounds weight of bizmuth, and three pounds weight of cobalt.
The alloy employed for the body or back consists of common pewter or lead
hardened with regulus or spelter to the same degree as the surface metal
or alloy.
The second part of my Invention consists in a novel method of soldering or
uniting by fusion the above alloys of metals, and is applicable to the combining
or soldering of other metals and alloys of metals.
The first metal or alloy in a liquid or fused state is to be poured into a
vessel or mould to the required depth, and when just set a heated perforated
metal plate is placed upon the surface to fuse the same. As soon as the metal
or alloy rises through the perforations, the plate is withdrawn and the second
metal or alloy is poured in. Thus a block or ingot is produced formed of two
distinct metals or alloys, firmly and inseparably combined or soldered, which
may then be rolled out into sheets of the required thickness, and the two
metals or alloys both being of the same hardness will spread or draw evenly,
and their relative proportions will always remain the same, however thin the

page_text: plate may be rolled out. Thus a combination of metals may be produced
having a thin layer of a superior metal or alloy on the surface combined
with a body of baser metal or alloy of any required substance or thickness.
I would here remark that the above combination of metals or alloys of
metals is peculiarly applicable for stills, still heads, and other apparatus con-
nected with the process of distillation, and is equally applicable to almost any
useful or decorative purpose where it is desirable to have a fine or costly metal
or alloy of metals, or the surface backed up to the required strength or thick-
ness with a baser metal or alloy of metals; and that the proportions of the
back and front metals or alloys may be varied to suit the purpose for which
the combined metal or alloy is required, care being taken that both metals or
alloys are reduced to the same hardness or ductility.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said Invention for "A
New Combination of Metals applicable to Decorative and Useful Purposes,
Part of which Invention is applicable also to the Method of Combining Metals
and Alloys of Metals," together with the manner of carrying the same into
practical effect, I would remark that I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, forming a combination of metals applicable to decorative and useful
purposes by soldering or fusing together ingots of fine and base metals or
alloys of metals as above described, such base metal or alloy being hardened
to the same degree of ductility as the finer or surface metal or alloy.
And, secondly, the method of fusing or soldering together ingots of metals
or alloys of metals, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Warne, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
BRISTOW HUNT,
Sol', & Patent Agent.
1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn.
JAMES WARNE. (L.S.)