IMPROVED COMBINATION OF INGREDIENTS FORMING COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR MARKING OR WRITING ON LINEN, PAPER, AND OTHER FABRICS, THE SAID COMBINATIONS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF PAPER AND OTHER FABRICS GENERALLY, FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSFERRING WRITINGS AND DESIGNS THEREFROM TO CALICO, LINEN, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hickisson, of Southgate Road, Hackney, in the
"
County of Middlesex, Marking Ink Manufacturer, for the Invention of
IMPROVED COMBINATION OF INGREDIENTS FORMING COMPOUNDS SUITABLE
FOR MARKING OR WRITING ON LINEN, PAPER, AND OTHER FABRICS, THE SAID
COMBINATIONS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF PAPER AND
OTHER FABRICS GENERALLY, FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSFERRING WRITINGS
AND DESIGNS THEREFROM TO CALICO, LINEN, AND THE LIKE,”
Sealed the 28th February 1879, and dated the 13th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hickisson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1878.
JAMES HICKISSON, of Southgate Road, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
Marking Ink Manufacturer. "IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF INGREDIENTS FORMING
COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR MAKING OR WRITING ON LINEN, PAPER, AND OTHER
FABRICS, THE SAID COMBINATIONS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT
OF PAPER AND OTHER FABRICS GENERALLY, FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSFERRING
WRITINGS AND DESIGNS THEREFROM TO CALICO, LINEN, AND THE LIKE."
This Invention relates to improved combinations of ingredients forming compounds
suitable for marking or writing on linen, paper, and other fabrics, the said combina-
tions being also applicable to the treatment of paper and other fabrics generally, for
the purpose of transferring writings and designs therefrom to calico, linen, and the
like, and consists in the employment of vanadium or its salts in conjunction with
an oxidizing agent or agents, such oxidizing agents being composed of metals or
their salts, or other agents producing like effects used therowith to form a mordant
for the purpose of fixing the markings or writings on the fabric, on which the
improved compound or ink is applied.
When the compound or ink is to be produced in a liquid state, water or other
liquid must be added to the vanadium or its salts and the oxidizing agent, and all
three of the compounds then well mixed together.

page_text: When a solid ink pencil or compound is to be produced, I employ in conjunction
or combination with the vanadium or its salts, and the oxidizing agent or agents
gum, gelatine, glue, dextrine, wax, clay, manganese, nitrate in crystals, or
other suitable substance, so as to form a base and reduce the liquid compounds to a
solid mass or consistency suitable for being moulded or shaped into any desired
forms, which may, if required, assume those of lozenges or pills. When this com-
pound or ink is in form of a pencil, the oxidizing agent or agents constitutes one
point or end of the pencil, and the vanadium or its salts the other point or end
thereof, the object of this being to apply the oxidizing agent to the fabric (which
may if required be previously damped) before proceeding to write or mark with the
vanadium or its salts.
The improved combined ingredients forming the compound or ink suitable for
marking or writing may also be prepared and sold in the form of powders, the
vanadium or its salts being put up separately from the oxidizing agent or agents,
and these two compounds prepared for use by the consumer, by adding water or
other liquid thereto, so as to bring them into a fit state for writing or marking.
For treating paper or other fabrics or materials suitable for the transfer of writings
or designs to other fabrics or materials, I charge one sheet, strip, or piece of paper,
fabric, or other material with vanadium or its salts, and another sheet, strip, or
piece of the same material, or of a different material with the oxidizing agent or
agents, and by placing the fabric to be marked (which may be, if desired, previously
damped) between these charged sheets, strips, or pieces, and using a style or other
suitable marking or stamping instrument. I mark, stamp, or trace the desired
device, design, or writing on the (say) sheet charged with vanadium or its salts, and
by thus bringing both the chemically prepared sheets, strips, or pieces into contact
with the fabric between them, the desired devices, designs, writings, or markings
will be produced on such fabric, Or the marking may be effected in other ways.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Hickisson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
June 1879.
JAMES HICKISSON, of Southgate Road, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
Marking Ink Manufacturer. "IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF INGREDIENTS FORMING
COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR MARKING OR WRITING ON LINEN, PAPER, AND OTHER
FABRICS, THE SAID COMBINATIONS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT
OF PAPER AND OTHER FABRICS GENERALLY, FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSFERRING
WRITINGS AND DESIGNS THEREFROM TO CALICO, LINEN, AND THE LIKE."
This Invention relates to improved combinations of ingredients forming compounds
suitable for marking or writing on linen, paper, and other fabrics, the said combi-
nations being also applicable to the treatment of paper and other fabrics generally,
for the purpose of transferring writings and designs therefrom to calico, linen, and
the like, and consists in the employment of vanadium or its salts in conjunction
with an oxidizing agent or agents, such oxidizing agent or agents being composed
of metallic salts, those of nickel and copper being preferred, or other agents pro-
ducing like effects, and used there with to form a mordant for the purpose of fixing
the markings or writings (the colour of which would be black) on the fabric, on
which the improved compound or ink is applied. But I wish it to be understood
that I do not restrict myself to the obtaining or producing of only a black colour,
as I can obtain any desired colour, tint, or shade, by the employment, in conjunction
with the vanadium or its salts and the oxidizing agent or agents, of suitable colours,
salts, minerals, or animal or vegetable compounds or agents.
If desired the application of heat to the article marked or written upon may be
found useful, but I do not in all cases apply heat thereto.
When I desire to produce the writing or marking compound or ink in a liquid
state, I add water or other liquid or liquids to the vanadium or its salts, together
with the oxidizing agent or agents, and I then well and intimately mix all these.
ingredients together, either by hand or by mechanical means.
When I wish to produce a solid ink-pencil or compound, I employ in conjunction
or combination with the vanadium or its salts and the oxidizing agent or agents,
gum, gelatine, glue, dextrine, wax, clay, manganese nitrate in crystals, or any two
or more of these substances, or other suitable substances, so as to form a base and
reduce the compounds to a solid mass or consistency, suitable for being moulded or
shaped into any desired forms, which may, if required, assume those of lozenges or
pills.
When I make this solid compound or ink in the form of a pencil, I form one end,
point, or tip of the same of the compound of vanadium or its salts and the other
ingredients before mentioned, and the other tip, point, or end of the oxidizing agent
or agents, the object of this being to readily apply the oxidizing agent or agents to
the fabric (which may, if required, be previously damped or moistened with water
or other suitable liquid) before proceeding to write or mark with the point or tip
formed of the compound of vanadium or its salts.
The improved combined ingredients forming the compound or ink suitable for
marking or writing, may also be prepared and sold in a powder, the vanadium or
its salts being put up separately from the oxidizing agent or agents, and the colour
or colours. These compounds would have to be prepared for use by the consumer
adding water or other suitable liquid thereto, prior to using it, in order to cause the
compounds to amalgamate, so as to bring them together in a fit state for writing
or marking.
For treating paper or other fabrics or materials suitable for the transfer of writings
or designs to other fabrics or materials, I proceed as follows:-I first charge one
sheet, strip, or piece of the paper, fabric, or other material with vanadium or its
salts, and another sheet, strip, or piece of the same material, or of a different

page_text: material, if necessary, with the oxidizing agent or agents and the other ingredients
herein before mentioned, and I then place the fabric which is to receive the markings
or writings thereon, and which may be, if desired, previously damped or moistened
by using water or any suitable liquid between the charged sheets, strips, or pieces,
and by then using a style or other suitable marking or stamping instrument, I
mark or stamp the desired device, design, writing, or mark on the, say, sheet of
material, charged with the vanadium or its salts, and by thus bringing both the
chemically prepared sheets, strips, or pieces into contact with the fabric between
them, the desired device, design, writing, or marking will be produced on such
fabric.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First. The employment of vanadium or its salts in combination with an oxidizing
agent or agents composed of metallic salts, for the purpose of forming a liquid
compound suitable for marking or writing on linen, paper, and other fabrics, as
herein set forth.
Second. The manufacture or production of a solid ink-pencil, and the method of
applying the same, the said pencil having one of its points or ends composed of
vanadium or its salts, and its other point or end of an oxidizing agent, or combina-
tion of oxidizing agents composed of metallic salts, together with a thickening
material, substantially as herein set forth, for the purposes described.
Third. The manufacture or production of a compound or compounds suitable for
writing or marking on linen and other fabrics, and composed of vanadium or its
salts, together with an oxidizing agent or agents composed of metallic salts, and a
suitable base, whereby I produce such compound or compounds in the form of
lozenges, pills, or powders, as set forth.
Fourth. The method of treating paper or other fabrics or materials, for the purpose
of transferring writings or markings from one sheet, strip, or piece of fabric or
material to another sheet, strip, or piece of fabric or material, and the employment
of vanadium or its salts in conjunction with an oxidizing agent or agents composed
of metallic salts, for the purpose substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hickisson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.