IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR ROLLING OR CRUSHING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Boby, of Bury St. Edmunds, in the County
of Suffolk, Agricultural Implement Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR ROLLING OR CRUSHING
Sealed the 10th October 1862, and dated the 22nd April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Boby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the. 22nd
April 1862.
I, ROBERT BOBY, of Bury St. Edmunds, in the County of Suffolk, Agricul-
tural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR ROLLING OR CRUSHING
LAND," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of apparatus for
rolling or crushing land, relates to a novel mode of mounting and arranging
the several parts, so that the friction of the working parts may be reduced and
the power required to draw the implement over the land will also be reduced
in consequence.
In carrying out my Invention the axletree on which the roller or rollers or
pressing wheels are mounted, turns in properly lubricated bearings or grease
boxes, so that it may rotate therein with as little friction as possible. If the
roller or clod crusher be composed of two or more parts or pressing surfaces,
one or more of the parts or wheels may, if desired, be permanently or tempo:

page_text: rarily attached to the axletree or spindle by means of ratchet wheels, wedged,
or other analogous contrivances. The axletree or spindle will be obliged to turn
in its bearings, but the ratchet attachments of the rollers will allow the latter
when passing round curves, or when the implement is being turned round at the
end of the field, to turn back or rotate on the spindle. By this arrangement
the friction of the working parts will be reduced to a minimum, and the power
required for drawing the implement over the land will be materially lessened.
The crosses or arms of the rollers are provided with bushes or pairs of bear-
ings, so that should any part be worn away the damaged part may be removed
and replaced by a sound part.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Robert Boby in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 22nd
October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I ROBERT
BOBY, of Bury Saint Edmunds, in the County of Suffolk, Agricultural Imple-
ment Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Robert Boby, Her special license, that I, the said Robert Boby, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert
Boby, my executors, administrators, and assigns should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF APPARATUS FOR ROLLING OR CRUSHING LAND," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Robert Boby, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Boby, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement

page_text: reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of "Improvements in the Construction of Apparatus for
Rolling or Crushing Land" relates to a novel mode of mounting and arranging
the several parts, so that the friction of the working parts may be reduced, and
the power required to draw the implement over the land will also be reduced
in consequence.
In carrying out my Invention, the axletree on which the roller or rollers or
pressing wheels are mounted turns in properly lubricated bearings or grease
boxes at each end of the frame, so that it may rotate therein with as little
friction as possible. If the roller or clod crusher be composed of two or more
parts or pressing surfaces, one or more of the parts or wheels, may, if desired;
be permanently or temporarily attached to the axletree or spindle by means of
ratchet wheels, wedges, or other analogous contrivances. The axletree or
spindle will be obliged to turn in its bearings, but the ratchet attachments of
the rollers will allow the latter, when passing round curves or when the imple-
ment is being turned round at the end of the field, to turn back or rotate on
the spindle. By this arrangement the friction of the working parts will be
reduced to a minimum, and the power required for drawing the implement
over the land will be materially lessened. The bracket ends or arms of.
the roller frame are provided with bushes or pairs of bearings, so that should
any part be worn away, the damaged part may be removed and replaced by a
sound part.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents an end elevation of a land
roller or clod crusher constructed according to my Invention; Fig. 2 is a
longitudinal vertical section of the same, from which it will be seen that the
roller is divided into three sections a, a', a³, the middle one of which a is free
to revolve on the axletree b, while the other sections a¹ and a² are attached to
the axletree by means of ratchets and clicks c, c', as shewn in transverse
section Fig. 4, by which means the two exterior rolls are allowed to turn on
the axle when going in one direction, but compel the axle to move with the
roll in its bearings when going in the other direction. I attain a similar result
by keeping the centro section a fast on to the axle 6, as shewn at Fig. 3,
allowing the two end sections to revolve freely on the axle. The journals of
the axletree turn in brass bushes or bearings d, Figures 1 and 2, at the lower
end of the bracket arms e of the roller frame. The bearings d are provided
with a grease or oil cup d', for containing oil or grease for lubricating the
journals of the axletree. A scraper f, Fig. 1, which is kept in contact with
the surface of the rollers a, a', and a³, by means of a weight, is adapted to the

page_text: bracket arms or other convenient part of the framework. On referring to
Fig. 4 it will be seen that the ratchet wheel c is keyed fast on the axletree b
and that a pall or click c¹ is attached one of the arms of the roller, and is
kept in contact with the teeth of the ratchet wheel by means of a spring, so
that when the implement is turned round at the end of the field or at any
other place, one or other of the end sections a¹ or a² of the roller will be allowed
to turn round in the direction indicated by the arrow, instead of dragging or
scraping on the ground. By thus mounting some of the parts of the roller on
the axletree in such a manner that they may under some circumstances have a
motion independent of the axletree, while other parts of the roller are caused
to move round with the axletree, the several parts are allowed, to accom-
modate themselves to the work to be done, and the friction of the parts will be
thereby greatly reduced.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in the Construction
of Apparatus for Rolling or Crushing Land," and having explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I would observe, that although in the accom-
panying Drawing I have shewn the roller as divided into three sections, each
having plain or smooth surfaces, I find it convenient for some purposes to
employ toothed, corrugated, or roughened surface or surfaces armed with pro-
jecting knobs or studs, as is well known. It may sometimes also be found
convenient, to subdivide the roller into a larger number of sections than three.
I do not therefore intend to confine myself rigidly to the precise arrangement
and construction of parts herein shewn, as they may be varied without depart-
ing from the nature and object of my Invention; I therefore claim as the
Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid the combination of the
fast and loose sections of the roller or
crushing surface with the rotating axle-
tree, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said
hand and seal, the Twentieth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Robert Boby, have hereunto set my
JOHN T. STANILAND,
Bury St. Edmunds.
ROBERT BOBY. (L.S.)