IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Taylor, the elder, and Thomas Taylor, the
younger, of the Patent Saw Mills, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Henry Nelson, of the same Place, Machinist, and Henry
Spencer, of Rochdale, in the said County, Agent, for the Invention of
T
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Taylor, sen.,
Thomas Taylor, jun'., Henry Nelson, and Henry Spencer, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 30th
January 1858.
We, THOMAS TAYLOR, the elder, and THOMAS TAYLOR, the younger, of
the Patent Saw Mills, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, HENRY
NELSON, of the same Place, Machinist, and HENRY SPENCER, of Rochdale, in
the said County, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to lubricating the pistons and cylinders of
steam engines. For this purpose we form holes in the sides of the cylinders,
in two ranges, the one above the other, and connect them together. by means
of a pipe or pipes; these pipes are so situate that when one is closed by the
piston another is open to the cylinder, so that steam may then enter and force.
outward the lubricating material. The oil or other such substance.we apply
by means of apparatus capable of closing-to the cylinder when a vacuum is
formed and of resisting the pressure of steam.

page_text: Another part of our Invention relates to a method of giving notice when
the engine is running beyond or below its speed. For this purpose we apply
a tappet to the governor, which comes into operation upon a bell when either
of the above defects takes place. Also we cause the governor when the
engine is at undue speed to act upon a train of wheels for registering the
number of strokes performed during such defects.
Another part of our Invention relates to steam gauges. For this purpose
we employ weights attached by means of levers to pullies, which pullies are
caused to turn upon their axes by the pressure of the steam, of which motion
the levers and weights will therefore partake. The pullies we cause to revolve
through the medium of a rod exposed to the steam pressure and connected to
the pullies by a cross-head.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed by
the said Thomas Taylor, sen., Thomas Taylor, jun., Henry Nelson, and
Henry Spencer, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
TAYLOR, the elder, and THOMAS TAYLOR, the younger, of the Patent Saw
Mills, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, HENRY NELSON, of the same
Place, Machinist, and HENRY SPENCER, of Rochdale, in the said County,
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Thomas Taylor, the elder, Thomas Taylor, the younger, Henry Nelson,
and Henry Spencer, Her especial license that we, the said Thomas Taylor, the
elder, Thomas Taylor, the younger, Henry Nelson, and Henry Spencer, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we; the said: Thomas
Taylor, the elder, Thomas Taylor, the younger; Henry Nelson, and Henry
Spencer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should. at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and. at all times thereafter; during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition, amongst
others, that we, the said Thomas Taylor, the elder, Thomas Taylor, the
.

page_text: younger, Henry Nelson, and Henry Spencer, by an instrument in writing
under our hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of some or one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said Thomas Taylor, the elder, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to lubricating the pistons of steam engines.
For this purpose, we form holes in the sides of the cylinders in two ranges, the
one above the other, and connect them together by means of a pipe or pipes;
these pipes are so situate that when one is closed by the piston another is open
to the cylinder, so that steam may then enter and force outward the lubricating
material. The oil or other such substance, we apply by means of apparatus
capable of closing-to the cylinder when a vacuum is formed, and of resisting
the pressure of steam.
Another, part of our Invention relates to a method of giving notice when the
engine is running beyond or below its speed. For this purpose we apply
tappets to the governor, which come into operation upon a bell when either of
the above defects take place. Also we cause the governor when the engine is
at undue speed to act upon a train of wheels for registering the number of
strokes during such defects.
.
Another part of our Invention relates to steam gauges. For this purpose
we employ weights attached by means of levers to pullies, which pullies are
caused to turn upon their axes by the pressure of the steam, of which motion
the levers and weights will therefore partake. The pullies we cause to revolve
through the medium of a rod exposed to the steam pressure, and connected to
the pullies by a cross-head.
Having thus stated the leading features of our Invention, we will proceed
to describe how the same may be carried into practical effect, referring to a
Sheet of illustrative Drawings accompanying this our Complete Specification.
Fig. 1 represents part of a steam engine cylinder, showing our method of
lubricating. Through the cylinder side are bored holes a, b, connected together
by a bent pipe c; and this arrangement is repeated around the circumference
of the cylinder as often as desired. In the Drawing we suppose three set
of holes, the position of a second set being shewn at a*, b*. The bent
tubes d are connected to a pipe e, by which lubricating material is conveyed.

page_text: In. the position shewn in the Drawing, we will suppose the piston A to be
travelling upward; steam is then entering by the aperture a, so as to force
the lubricating material. through the aperture b, and against the piston; but
suppose the piston to be travelling downward, then the vacuum beneath would
draw through the aperture a, and from thence through the pipe e, so as to close
a valve f, and thus prevent the lubricating material from passing. It will be
understood that this remark does not apply to high-pressure engines, and in
such cases the valve f may be omitted, and another substituted, so adapted as
to be opened and closed by the engine at desired intervals, so as to prevent the
lubricating material.from passing, excepting at determined periods. We have
described the apertures as being formed about the middle of the cylinder, but
they may, if desired, be formed at the upper or lower ends, and if at the
former, they may deliver the lubricating material to pipes within the cylinder,
from which it may be distributed. The method of supplying the lubricating
material to the pipe e may be according to any usual construction; we have,
however, shewn our arrangement, which is as follows:-Upon a fixing attached
to the cylinder is mounted a shaft, upon which is a ratchet wheel g, caused to
revolve by a click actuated from the cross-head or other moving part of the
engine. Upon this shaft is a bevil pinion h, driving another upon the axis of a
plug i. This plug has a bent channel j, k, the former part of which as it revolves
receives the lubricating material from a vessel l, and the latter deliveres it to:
the pipe e.
vibrate, draws
The next part of our. Invention is shewn in elevation and plan view at
Figs. 2 and 3. To the boss m of the governor is affixed a tappet n, which, as
it revolves at certain elevations, acts against levers p, q, mounted so as to turn
upon a certain pin r. To each of these levers is connected a click s, for the
purpose of driving ratchet wheels t, t. According to the position of the
governor shewn, the engine is running below its speed, and the tappet n is
acting against the lever p, which being thereby caused to
forward a rod u, connected to a bell or other alarum placed in any convenient.
situation. After the same manner, should the engine be running too fast; the
tappet n will act upon the lever q. (as shewn by dots), and the alarum thro
a similar rod to that shewn at u will be given; but if the engine be running'
within the intended speed; then the tappet will run clear of both levers. Upon
vibrating motion being communicated to either of the levers, as above
described, it will give motion by means of, its click to the corresponding
ratchet wheel, which motion is transmitted by pinions v, v, to a train of
wheels and index constituting an ordinary count.
The next part of our Invention is shewn in two views at Figs. 4 and 5.

page_text: The steam pipe leading from the boiler is shewn at a, connected to a syphon b,
the upper part of which opens to a chamber c, divided by a diaphragm d, of
vulcanized india-rubber or other flexible material. Above this diaphragm is a
rode moving in guides f, f, and furnished at its upper end with a cross-head 9.
To this cross-head are attached pieces of flat wire h, their other ends being
fixed to pullies i, capable of turning upon axis mounted in the back plate k,
and a front fixing 1. To the pullies i are fixed weights m, m, which will
therefore move with them upon rotatory motion being communicated, when
the apparatus is adapted to the boiler the siphon 6 is filled with water, and the
steam pressing thereon will force upward the diaphragm d and rod e, together
with the cross-head g; this will communicate rotatory motion to the pullies i,
thro' the wires h, and the weights m will be caused to move therewith, but
acting as a resistance, so as to be elevated only according to the amount of
steam pressure, and this elevation is indicated by a pinion o upon one of the
pullies i acting with another pinion p, on the axis of which is the pointer q.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be
understood that we claim as secured to us under the above in part recited
Letters Patent,―
Firstly, for the purpose above set forth, the use of holes in the sides of steam
engine cylinders in two connected ranges; also we claim the use of the valve
regulating the flow of the lubricating material.
Secondly, the adaptation to the governor of apparatus which sounds an
alarum when the engine is running above or below certain speeds; also the use
of apparatus for registering the strokes of an engine when running at undue
speeds.
Thirdly, we claim the steam gauge, substantially as above described, the
main feature thereof consisting in the employment of weights put in motion
by the cross-head and rollers, or equivalent means, whereby the pull becomes
equalized.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Taylor, the elder, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
THOMAS TAYLOR. (L.S.)