IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES, PART OR PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS OR ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bennic, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES,
PART OR PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS OR ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bennio at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1880.
JOHN BENNIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES, PART OR PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS OR
ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in hydraulic presses, has for its
object to dispense with the pumps or forcing apparatus hitherto used to exert a
pressure greater than the gravitation pressure upon the water previous to its
admission to the cylinder and ram of the press, and by means of arrangements of
apparatus, constituting the Invention, to enable the required compressing force in
hydraulic presses to be obtained with water at gravitation pressure, and with a
saving of water in comparison with hydraulic presses as hitherto constructed. The
apparatus consists of one or more rams. When one ram is used the cylinder is of
greater area than in the ordinary hydraulic press, and to fill this greater area the
ram is provided at its lower end with a piston or plunger which fits watertight into
the cylinder and to the space between which and the bottom of the cylinder water
at gravitation pressure is admitted through a pipe furnished with a screw or other
cock or valve. When more than one ram is used the cylinders are arranged
concentrically, that is to say, they are placed one at the interior of the other, the
ram of the outer cylinder constituting the cylinder of the next interior ram. For
the admission and egress of the water each interior cylinder is provided with a
flexible or telescopic tube, having an universal joint with cup leather so arranged
that when the ram reaches the termination of its upward stroke the water is cut
off automatically. The cylinders and rams may move together or in rotation
beginning with the innermost ram, in which latter case a saving of power is effected,
ГРміла С11

page_text: the interior or less powerful rams being employed to perform the first or easier part
of the compressing operation, whilst the pressure increases as the bale diminishes
in size. A saving of water is also by this means attained, as compared with the
ordinary hydraulic press, in which the same amount of water is required to press a
bale of about 5 hundred weights as is used to press one of two tons. Under this
Invention the quantity of water used is in proportion to the pressure on the
bale.
The improvements hereinbefore described may also be adapted to rag, cotton,
tobacco, hay, bookbinders', letter copying, and other presses, and the differential
ram arrangement may under suitable circumstances be used with economy 1
_where water engines and hand and steam pumps and water hoists are now
employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Bennie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th October
1880.
JOHN BENNIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES, PART OR PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
IS OR ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
My said Invention, which relates to improvements in hydraulic presses, has for
its object to dispenso with the pumps or forcing apparatus hitherto used to exert a
pressure greater than the gravitation pressure upon the water previous to its
admission to the cylinder and ram of the press, and by means of arrangements of
apparatus, constituting the Invention, to enable the required compressing force to be
obtained with water at gravitation pressure, and with a saving of water in comparison
with hydraulic presses as hitherto constructed.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I now
proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode or manner in or under
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference being
had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and Figures marked
thereon, that is to say,-
On the Sheet of Drawings hereunto appended, Figure 1 is a front elevation, and
Figure 2 a plan, of an hydraulic press constructed in accordance with one modification
of my said Invention. The apparatus consists of a ram A which works in a cylinder
B of greater area than the cylinder of the ordinary hydraulic press. To fill this
greater area the ram is provided at its lower end with a piston or plunger C which
fits water tight into the cylinder and to the space between which and the bottom
of the cylinder water at gravitation pressure is admitted by the pipe and screw
valve D, and exhausted through the pipe E. A port is cast in the side of the
cylinder for the passage of the water downwards and upwards to and from its
lower end, or the water may be admitted to and exhausted direct from the
bottom of the cylinder by pipes and valves placed conveniently for that
purpose.
Figure 3 shows in front elevation another arrangement of the improved press,
wherein the compressing operations are effected by the water at gravitation
pressure acting on a series of rams A, B and C, which are arranged concentrically,
that is to say, the ram A of the outer cylinder constitutes the cylinder of the next
interior ram B, whilst the ram B is the cylinder of the ram C. For the admission
and egress of the water each interior cylinder is provided with a flexible or telescopic
tube having a cock with universal joint and cup leather so arranged that when the
ram reaches the termination of its upward stroke the water is cut off automatically.
Figure 4 is a view of the cock which is connected to the water inlet pipe at the
ond a, and to the cylinder at the end b. When the ram reaches the termination of
its upward stroke it draws the part 6 of the cock round, and the said part being
provided with a screw thread, as indicated at c, it at the same time moves inwards
and with its end closes the water channel e. In lieu of this arrangement any other
equivalent and suitable means may be used to cut off the water as aforesaid. The
cylinders and rams A, B, and C may move upwards and downwards in unison or
successively, beginning with the innermost rain, in which latter case a saving of
power is effected, the interior or least powerful ram being employed to perform the
first or easier part of the compressing operation, whilst the pressure is increased as
the bale diminishes in size by bringing into operation one or other or both of the
rams A, B, according to the pressure it is desired to exert.
A saving of water is also by this means attained, as compared with the ordinary
hydraulic press in which the same quantity of water is required to press a bale of,
say, about five hundredweights as is used to press one of two tons. Under

page_text: this Invention the quantity of water used is in proportion to the pressure on the
bale.
The telescopic rams may also be wrought by hand pumps, water engines, and power
pumps, and instead of three such rams as shown at Figure 3, any other desired
greater number may be used.
Figure 5 of the Drawings shows the adaptation of the improvements constituting
any said Invention to an ordinary accumulator hydraulic press, the hydraulic
cylinder A of which is connected to the ram B of the gravitation cylinder, as shown.
With this arrangement the ram of the cylinder A may when desired be employed
to exert the finishing pressure on the bale. The arrangement of telescopic
-rams,-shown.at Figure 3, may also be adapted to an ordinary press in the like
manner, in which case the cylinder A is attached--to-the-innermost. ram of the
series.
The improvements herein before described are also applicable to rag, cotton,
tobacco, hay, bookbinders', letter copying, and other presses, and the telescopic
ram arrangement may under suitable circumstances be used with economy whore
water engines, water hoists, hand and steam pumps are now employed.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and several systems or modes in or under which the same is or may be
used or carried out in practice, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefor claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
The-several arrangements of hydraulic presses hereinbefore described and shown
on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, and wherein the compressing action is obtained
by water at gravitation pressure alone or by accumulated pressure, or by water at
gravitation pressure in combination with an accumulated pressure, substantially as
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bennie, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight|
hundred and eighty