Improvements in the Manufacture of Hollow Ingots or other Hollow Castings from Steel or Ingot Iron.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 12th Dec., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hollow Ingots or other Hollow
Castings from Steel or Ingot Iron.
We, ALFRED FAIRLEY and JAMES FREDERICK FAIRLEY both of Shadwell
Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Steel Manufacturers do hereby
declare the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Our invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of hollow
ingots or other hollow castings from steel or ingot iron having particular reference
to the use of Bessemer or Siemens steel by which increased solidity or soundness is
obtained in the same which is often of very great importance and there is also less
waste in working the ingots or castings up into various articles for use.
In order that our invention may be clearly understood and more easily carried
into practical effect we have appended hereunto a double sized sheet of drawings
upon which is illustrated two forms of castings or ingots viz.-a hollow shell
and a hollow tube the shell having a hole only partly through it and the tube
has a hole from end to end. These will serve as fair examples of other hollow
articles which may be made according to our invention.
Figure 1, is a view of a hollow shell A with its solid point a¹ the hollow part a³
only extending a limited distance into the body.
Figure 2, is a hollow tube or hollow ingot from which a solid tube may be rolled
by suitable machinery.
Figure 3, is a perspective view of the exterior of such a mould as is suitable to
cast such hollow ingots as A & B.
Figure 4, is an internal view of the mould shewn by Figure 3 opened out after
casting with sections taken through the hollow ingots A & B and through the solid
ingot or runner E which clearly illustrates our system which will be hereafter
more fully explained.
Figure 5, is a diagram plan shewing a mode of casting a number of hollow ingots
at one time from one main solid ingot or runner N.
In connection with the improvements in the manufacture of hollow ingots or other
hollow castings from steel or other metals we have chosen the two hollow castings
shewn by Figures 1 & 2 namely a shell and a cylinder for the purpose of illustrating
the mode of carrying our invention into effect. The way in which we proceed is as
follows:- We form a mould such as is seen externally by Figure 3 and internally
by Figure 4 from either metal or sand or partly one & partly the other or in the
case of metal we may line the mould with loam, or fire clay, plumbago, asbestos,
clay or other refractory substance and this applies also generally to the cores for
forming the internal part of such hollow castings. At Figure 4 we look at the
inside of the mould and at sections of the ingots A being the hollow shell with its
suspended core a³ whether made from sand or other material or a frame or perforated
tube covered over by refractory material. This core which may be hollow con-
taining cooling liquid passes up through the top and is fastened to the top by pin a*
or other means. Then the cylinder B is made hollow by the core b² which enters
a recess at the bottom of the mould and rises through the upper part of the
mould to steady it at the top. For the purpose of economy we form the runner E
in such a shape that it is afterwards capable of being used as a solid ingot or hollow
ingot with a core, and the jets sprays or branches e² turn out of its bottom into the
shell and cylinder respectively at or near their lower end which is the important
part of our invention. We do not however confine ourselves to the exact form of
spray or jet shewn nor to the exact position of its inlet as these may greatly vary

page_text: without departing from the principle and one or more jets may be provided for
each inlet.
The diagram Figure 5 is an extension of the above principle upon a larger scale.
The moulds may however be single ones instead of double or to contain any number
of ingots or ordinary ingot moulds may be used around the fount N to lift off the
hollow ingot so long as runner arrangements are constructed on the principle shewn
by Figure 4. Also the jets or feeders may be formed of any desired material such
as fire brick alone or surrounded by a casing of metal or covered by a block or
otherwise as may be desired.
In the case of a series of moulds as shewn in Figure 5 the jets may all be formed
in one block which would be formed so as to fit around the fount N and between
that and the moulds with a sufficient number of grooves on its underside to orm
the jets which grooves would be puddled in clay or its equivalent and the block
would rest on a clay or other suitable foundation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven
tion & in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
The improvements in the manufacture of hollow or partly hollow ingots or other
hollow or partly hollow castings from steel or ingot iron which are so arranged in
the mould that the metal is run thereon at or near the bottom thereof by one
or more sprays, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth and as shewn
upon the drawings.
Dated this 11th day of November 1891
GEORGE BARKER,
77, Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agent.