Improvements in Hydraulic Draw-benches and Presses, and in Hydraulic Machinery for Operating the same.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 11th July, 1892-Accepted, 13th Aug., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic Draw-benches and Presses, and in
Hydraulic Machinery for Operating the same.
We, HOWARD LANE of Corporation Street Birmingham, Engineer, & ARTHUR
CHAMBERLAIN of No. 4 New Bartholomew Street Birmingham Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our improvements in hydraulic draw-benches for drawing tubes or rods consist
in the employment of a single plunger of a total length equal to about twice the
length of the longest tube or rod to be drawn, reciprocating through two hydraulic
cylinders placed so as to have a common axis each cylinder being about one half
the length of the plunger, and having a space between them also equal to about
one half the length of the plunger. The glands at which the plunger enters these
cylinders are packed & those parts of the plunger which pass to & fro through the
glands must be truly cylindrical the so-called hydraulic cylinders need not have a
true figure external or internal. The attachment for the grip is fixed upon the
plunger at a distance from one end of the plunger of about one half the length of
the plunger. This attachment forms a lateral extension from the plunger, & we
balance the consequent lateral strain by roller guides. We may employ dies & plugs
or mandrills of the usual kinds. In drawing tubes or hollow cylinders on mandrills
especially when the work is performed on metal in the red hot state it is often
difficult to withdraw the mandrill when the work of drawing is completed. For
this purpose we attach to the draw bench or draw press a revolving die, through
which the work passes after it has passed the fixed die, the said revolving die
carrying rollers, preferably three in number, which press upon the metal & loosen
it upon the mandrill. This revolving die is by preference attached to the vertical
any
be driven by a tangent screw.
such system of draw-benches
or presses we apply, as one object of our invention, a form of motive power, in
which (as distinguished from hydraulic accumulators & other apparatus at present
in use) the expenditure of energy in the motive power is approximately pro-
portional to the work done. For this purpose we employ a steam engine or other
prime mover with, preferably not fewer than three reciprocating parts. These
parts reciprocate progressively, so as to give approximately constant pressure. If
the prime-mover has three reciprocating parts, then each bench or press is fed
from three independent pumps, and each one such pump is driven by one of the
reciprocating parts of the engine. In order to actuate a number of machines we
employ reciprocating beams or bars, driven by corresponding parts of the prime-
mover: the various pumps are arranged longitudinally & parallel with the central
beam, & the plungers are attached to cross-heads forming lateral extensions of
the beam. The bar or beam has by its construction sufficient rigidity given to it
to resist the lateral strains caused by variations of the working pressure in the
several pumps.
press,
&
may
- 30th day of Contember UXY.
To
HOWARD LANE.
ARTHUR CHAMBERLAIN.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic Draw-benches and Presses, and in
Hydraulic Machinery for Operating the same.
We HOWARD LANE, of Corporation Street, Birmingham, Engineer, and
ARTHUR CHAMBERLAIN of No. 4 New Bartholomew Street, Birmingham
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
Our improvements in hydraulic draw benches for drawing tubes or rods consist
in the employment of a single plunger of a total length equal to about twice the
length of the longest tube or rod to be drawn reciprocating through two hydraulic
cylinders placed so as to have a common axis, each cylinder being about one half the
length of the plunger and having a space between them also equal to about oue
half the length of the plunger. The glands at which the plunger enters these
cylinders are packed and those parts of the plunger which pass to and fro through
the glands must be truly cylindrical the so called hydraulic cylinders need not have
a true figure external or internal. The attachment for the grip is fixed upon the
plunger at a distance from one end of the plunger of about half the length of the
plunger. This attachment forms a lateral extension from the plunger, and we
balance the consequent lateral stress by roller guides. We may employ dies and
plugs or mandrils of the usual kinds.
In drawing tubes or hollow cylinders on mandrils especially when the work is
performed on metal in the red hot state it is often difficult to withdraw the mandril
when the work of drawing is completed. For this purpose we attach to the draw
bench and draw press a revolving die through which the work passes after it has
passed the fixed die, the said revolving die carrying rollers, preferably three in
number which press upon the metal and loosen it upon the mandril. This revolving
die is by preference attached to a vertical press and may be driven by a tangent 2
screw. To any such system of draw benches or presses we apply as one object of
our invention, a form of motive power, in which (as distinguished from hydraulic
accumulators and other apparatus at present in use) the expenditure of energy in
the motive power is approximately proportional to the work done. For this
purpose we employ a steam engine or other prime mover with preferably not fewer 3
than three reciprocating parts. These parts reciprocate progressively so as to
give approximately uniform pressure. If the prime mover has three reciprocating
parts, then each bench or press is fed from three independent pumps, and each one
such pump is driven by one of the reciprocating parts of the engine. In order to
actuate a number of machines we employ reciprocating beams or bars driven by 3
corresponding parts of the prime mover; the various pumps are arranged longi-.
tudinally and parallel with the central beam and the plungers are attached to cross
heads forming lateral extensions of the beam. The bar or beam has by its con-
struction sufficient rigidity given to it to resist the lateral strains caused by variations
of the working pressure in the several pumps.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings
the manner in which our invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, a hydraulic draw bench for drawing tubes
or hollow cylinders and rods constructed according to our invention, and Figures 2, 3
4, 5, 6,-7 and 8 represent parts of the same drawn to a larger scale; Figure 24
representing in end, elevation, partly in cross section, the gland end of the left hand
hydraulic cylinder of the draw bench; Figure 3 representing in longitudinal
section, the said gland end of the hydraulic cylinder, together with a portion of
the middle part of the draw bench at which the drawing of the tube or rod is
effected; Figure 4 representing in cross section the attachment for the grip and 5

page_text: the middle part of the draw bench taken on the dotted line AA Figure 1;
Figure 5 representing in cross section taken on the line BB Figure 1, the right
hand hydraulic cylinder of the draw bench and Figure 6 representing in
longitudinal section a portion of the outer end of the right hand hydraulic
cylinder, the outer end of the left hand hydraulic cylinder having the same con-
struction, Figure 7 represents one of the fixed dies, drawn to a larger scale and
Figure 8 represents one of the rotating dies drawn to a larger scale, the said
rotating die being used for loosening the tube upon the mandril when the mandril
travels with the tube being drawn as hereinafter described.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7 and 8.
c and d are the two hydraulic single acting cylinders of the draw bench situated
in the same line and at a distance apart equal to the length of the longest.tube or
rod to be drawn, the said hydraulic cylinders c and d being carried by and bolted
to the beds e, e in the manner seen in Figures 2, 3, 5 and 6. In the space between
the said hydraulic cylinders c, d is the guide frame or draw-bench proper marked f
having the sectional form best seen in Figure 4, the said part being supported
upon and bolted to the bed g and the ends of the latter to the beds e,e of the
hydraulic cylinders. Working and having a reciprocating motion in the hydraulic
cylinders c, d and draw bench frame f is a plunger having a length about double
that of one of the hydraulic cylinders. The said plunger is marked h and works
through the packed glands i, at the entrances of the hydraulic cylinders c, d.
The greater part of the plunger his truly cylindrical; but the middle portion of
the said plunger has the form seen in the cross section Figure 4 and carries_an
attachment for the grip marked k; that is, this portion of the plunger is extended
laterally and works upon the top of the draw bench frame f the lower part of the
grip attachment k of the plunger carrying side rollers 1, which work in guide
channels in the said frame f and balance the lateral strain of the plunger at
that part.
The tube or rod to be drawn is fixed to the grip attachment k of the plunger h
in the ordinary way: m, n are the fixed dies secured to the gland ends of the
hydraulic cylinders ed through one or other of which fixed dies the tube or rod is
-drawn.
When the tube is drawn upon a fixed mandril the mandril is secured to the outer
end of each hydraulic cylinder by being screwed in the heads of screwed holders
of the kind represented in Figure 6 and marked p and the gland end of each
hydraulic cylinder is provided with a guide for the tube being drawn of the kind
seen in Figures 2 and 3 and marked 9. The tops of the hydraulic cylinders c, d
are made into shallow troughs as seen at ds Figure 5 for catching the grease falling
from the tubes being drawn.
The hydraulic cylinders ed are worked preferably by the hydraulic motive power
machinery hereinafter described, the hydraulic pressure from the said machinery
operating upon the plunger hin one or other of the hydraulic cylinders c or d.
The hydraulic power being connected, say with the right hand cylinder d, and the
left hand cylinder e being open to the exhaust, the plunger is moved in the
direction of the arrow Figure 1, and the tube secured to the attachment & at
the middle of the plunger h is drawn through the fixed die n. The plunger h
having reached the end of its stroke in the direction of the arrow, or the tube
under operation being drawn of the proper length, the pressure water is shut off
from the hydraulic cylinder d and that cylinder opened to the exhaust. The drawn
tube being removed from the attachment k now situated near the gland end of the
hydraulic cylinder c, another tube is fixed in its place and the hydraulic power
being connected with the hydraulic cylinder c, the plunger h advances out of that
cylinder and the last named tube is drawn through the fixed die m in a direction
contrary to that indicated by the arrow in Figure 1. In this way, a reciprocating
motion is given to the plunger h and a tube (or rod) is drawn by the motion of the
plunger in either direction.
B

page_text: -
When the tube or hollow cylinder is drawn on a mandril travelling with the
tube or hollow cylinder, we use in front of each fixed die, a rotating die in order
to loosen the tube or hollow cylinder upon the mandril and thereby facilitate the
withdrawal of the mandril when the drawing operation is completed. This
rotating die is represented in Figure 8 and also in combination with the fixed dies
in Figure 1 and is marked 7. The said rotating dier carries in its interior a set
of three rollers s, s, which press upon the metal of the tube after it has passed
through the fixed die m or n, thereby loosening the tube upon the mandril. The
said rotating die is slowly rotated by a worm t driven in any convenient
manner, gearing with a worm wheel u on the periphery of the rotating die (see
Figure 8).
Figure 9 represents in vertical section, a hydraulic press for drawing tubes,
with which press is combined a rotating die for loosening the tube from the
mandril.
a is the bed of the press carrying the fixed die band the rotating die c, the
latter being constructed and worked as hereinbefore described with respect to
Figure 8; d is the descending mandril carried by the cross heade to which the
hydraulic ram is connected, the descent of the said mandril d forcing the tube
through the fixed die 6 and rotating die c. As the tube is forced through the
rotating die c it is loosened from the mandril by the rollers of the said die and the
withdrawal of the mandril from the tube, after the drawing operation facilitated.
The ram and cross head e, carrying the mandril d, are raised, after the
drawing operation, by means of the rams g,g, which act as guide rods, for the cross
head e, working in the hydraulic cylinders hh on the bed of the press. Figure 10
represents in side elevation and Figure 11 in plan, hydraulic motive power
machinery constructed according to our invention for working the hydraulic draw
benches and hydraulic presses hereinbefore described and other hydraulic draw
benches and hydraulic presses.
The said machinery consists of three steam (or other motive power) cylinders a, b, c
arranged parallel to one another and working the crank shaft and fly wheels de
on its ends. The piston of the middle cylinder 6 is connected by the rod 6' to the
middle crank of the shaft f; the piston of the cylinder a is connected by the
rod a' and crank pin g to the fly wheel d and the piston of the other cylinder e is
connected by the rod and crank pin h to the fly wheel e. By this arrangement
the reciprocating parts of the engine are made to give a uniform or an approxi-
mately uniform pressure to the pumps worked by them. Each piston rod of the
three steam cylinders a, b, c is made to work an independent compound pump in the
following way. Behind each steam cylinder and at a lower level are four pairs of
pumps constituting a set, arranged end to end or in line, marked respectively i,i; k,k;
1, and m, m, the plungers of the pairs of pump cylinders i, i and k, k being worked
by the advance stroke of the piston of each steam cylinder and the plungers of
the pairs of pump cylinders 1,1 and m, m being worked by the return or back stroke
of the piston of each steam cylinder.
The compound pumps of each set are actuated in the following manner.
P
Between the pairs of pump cylinders i.i; k, k; 1,1; and m, m is a reciprocating
beam or barn driven from the vertical lever p through the jointed connecting
rod n². The upper end of the lever is jointed to the cross head of the steam
piston rod (see Figure 10) and the lower end of the said lever works in the
guide in which it rises and falls as the lever makes its reciprocating motion. On
the reciprocating beam or bar n are cross heads n',n',n' to which the plungers of
the four pairs of pump cylinders are connected as will be understood by reference
to Figure 11. By the advance motion of the reciprocating beams or bars n, the
two pairs of pumps i, i and k, k of each set are worked and by the return motion
of the reciprocating beams or bars n, the two pairs of pumps 1, 2 and m,m of
each set are worked. Thus each set of pumps is driven from one of the recipro-
cating parts of the engine and each hydraulic draw bench or press is driven from
the compound or sets of pumps described and represented.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we claim
as our invention of "Improvements in hydraulic draw-benches and presses and in
hydraulic machinery for operating the same
"
First; A hydraulic draw-bench consisting essentially of two single acting
hydraulic cylinders arranged in the same line and at a distance apart equal to the
length of the longest tube or hollow cylinder or rod to be drawn, and having
between them the draw-bench proper; and the combination with the said hydraulic
cylinders and middle draw-bench proper, of a plunger reciprocating in the said
hydraulic cylinders and having a length equal to about twice the length of the
longest tube, cylinder or rod to be drawn, the middle of the said plunger working
in and being guided by the middle part of the draw-bench and carrying the
attachment for the grip, the several parts being arranged and working substan-
tially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of
the accompanying drawings.
Secondly-The combination in a hydraulic draw-bench and hydraulic press of
a rotating die arranged in front or in advance of the ordinary fixed drawing die,
by which said rotating die, the tube or hollow cylinder is operated upon, after
having been drawn by the fixed die, for loosening the said tube or cylinder upon
the travelling mandril substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in-
Figures 1, 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly; The combination or arrangement of the parts of the hydraulic
motive power machinery hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 10
and 11 of the accompanying drawings for working hydraulic draw-benches and
hydraulic presses, whereby the sets of pumps employed are made to give a
uniform pressure or an approximately uniform pressure substantially as described
and illustrated.
Dated the Eleventh day of Inle 1892
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.