IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING HARROWS OR LAND PULVERISERS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
We ERNEST KINDERLEY STANFORD of High Street Colchester, and EDMUND
BUTTON of the Parish of Stanway, both in the County of Essex, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of our Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING
HARROWS OR LAND PULVERISERS to be as follows:-
These improvements consist first in making the tines of the spiked rollers of
revolving harrows or land pulverisers, curved in form, bent in the direction of the
circumference of the rollers, with their points radially in advance of their roots with
respect to the direction in which the rollers revolve, and to such a curve that the
tines entering the soil penetrate it without that compression of the soil which
accompanies the use of straight tines The curved tines have also the effect of
lifting the soil and leaving the land in a condition similar to that effected by the
use of hand forks. The spikes or tines may be screwed into a shaft or roller of any
suitable material, or may be cast into or in one piece with them, making one
casting of iron steel or other suitable material. If desired, in lieu of one long
spiked roller in one casting there may be sections of short spiked rollers or spiked
discs either fixed to or revolving upon shafts. The spikes or tines may be of steel
formed separately and fixed or cast into bosses rolls or shafts; or they may be of
the same material as and cast in one with the boss roll or shaft to which they
belong.
The aforesaid improvements are applicable to the implements described in the
specification of the Raid Edmund Button filed in pursuance of Her Majesty's Royal
Letters Patent granted to him and bearing date 6th May 1882, No 2137.
The second part of the said improvements relates to the framework used when
the implement is not hung upon a cultivator frame as described in the above
mentioned specification; and is as follows:-The frame which carries the spiked
rollers, one or more in number, and in bearings either fixed, rigidly to the said
frame or with means for altering the positions of the centres of the rollers with
respect to the said frame, is provided at its draught end with a fore-carriage and
provision for attachment to the horse, or to a steam windlass, or to other means of
haulage. At its hinder end the said frame is carried by wheels, the spindles pins
or axles of which are supported by levers hinged to the said frame and connected
by means of a connecting rod or rods to a lever or levers carried upon a shaft or
spindle, situated nearer the draught end of the frame, which said shaft or spindle

page_text: carries a lever actuated either by hand or through a hand wheel and screw, or
in any other suitable way. The arrangement of the said levers connecting rod
and shafts is such that the baulage has a tendency to lift the rear end of the
machine and so raise the spiked rollers clear of the land. By means of suitable
quadrant with spring stop upon the hand lever, or by means of the hand wheel and
screw aforesaid, or by other suitable contrivance the depth to which the spiked
rollers penetrate the land can be, regulated, and the haulage is prevented from
lifting the spiked rollers clear of the land except when required.

page_text: COBPLETE SPECIFICATION,
We ERNEST KINDERLEY STANFORD of High Street Colchester, and EDMUND
BUTTON of the Parish of Stanway, both in the County of Essex, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING
HARROWS OR LAND PULVERISERS and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
These improvements consist first in making the tines of the spiked rollers of
revolving harrows or land pulverisers, curved in form, bent in the direction of the
circumference of the rollers, with their points radially in advance of their roots
with respect to the direction in which the rollers revolve, and to such a curve that
the tines entering the soil penetrate it without that compression of the soil which
accompanies the use of straight tines. The curved tines have also the effect of
lifting the soil and leaving the land in a condition similar to that effected by the
use of hand forks. The spikes or tines may be screwed into a shaft or roller of
any suitable material or may be cast into or in one piece with them making one
casting of iron, steel or other suitable material. If desired, in lieu of one long
spiked roller in one casting there may be sections of short spiked rollers or spiked
discs either fixed to or revolving upon shafts. The spikes or tines may be of steel
formed separately and fixed or cast into bosses, rolls or shafts; or they may be of.
the same material as and cast in one with the boss, roll or shaft to which they
belong. The aforesaid improvements are applicable to the implements described in
the specification of the said Edmund Button filed in pursuance of the conditions of
Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent granted to him and bearing date 6th May
1882, No 2137.
The second part of the said improvements relates to the framework used when
the implement is not hung upon a cultivator frame as described in the above-
mentioned specification and is as follows:-The frame which carries the spiked
rollers, one or more in number, and in bearings either fixed rigidly to the said
frame, or with means for altering the positions of the centres of the rollers with
respect to the said frame, is provided at its draught end with a fore carriage and
provision for attachment to the horse, or to a steam windlass, or to other means of
haulage. At its hinder end the said frame is carried by wheels, the spindles, pins
or axles of which are supported by levers hinged to the said frame and connected
by means of a connecting rod or rods to a lever or levers carried upon a shaft or
spindle situated nearer the draught end of the frame, which said, shaft or spindle
carries a lever actuated either by hand or through a hand whoel and screw, or in
any other suitable way. The arrangement of the said levers, connecting rods, and
shafts is such that the haulage has a tendency to lift the rear end of the machine
and so raise the spiked rollers, clear of the land. By means of suitable quadrant,
with spring stop upon the hand lever, or by means of the hand wheel & screw
aforesaid, or by other suitable contrivance, the depth to which the spiked rollers
penetrate the land can be regulated, and the haulage is prevented from lifting the
spiked rollers clear of the land except when required.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING.
Fig. 1. is a side elevation of the implement with spiked rollers raised clear of the
land. Fig. 2. is a plan of the same. Figs. 3 and 4 are side and end views of
spiked bosses or discs showing the nature of the curve of the spikes or tines.
Fig. 5. is a diagram showing the frame, fore-carriage, rollers, hand-lever and levers
supporting the wheels which carry the hinder of the frame, in their relative
positions when the spiked rollers are lowered into the ground.
Similar letters indicate similar parts in all the figures.
A is the frame carrying spiked rollers B, which have curved tines C. D is the
fore-carriage. E is the link for attaching to the horse or other means of haulage. 1
F are the wheels supporting the hinder end of frame A, which wheels are carried
upon levers G, hinged at H to brackets projecting upwards from frame A. I are
connecting rods. by which levers G are connected to levers.K, carried upon a
shaft L, upon which shaft is a hand lever M. with spring stop N to catch in
quadrant O. P and R are stays.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
: (1) In revolving harrows, carried upon a frame supported by wheels, the use of
spikes or tines curved in the manner and for the purpose herein before described. {
(2) The general arrangement substantially as herein before described, of frame-
work, wheels, levers, connecting rods and regulating gear for determining and
controlling the depth to which the spiked rollers of revolving arrows shall penetrate
or shall be kept above the ground.
1