IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING. STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Mansfield Lloyd, of Nine Elms, in the County.of
Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING.
STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 7th May 1878, and dated the 7th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1877.
CHARLES MANSFIELD LLOYD, of Nine Elms, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVE-
MENTS. IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, AND OTHER SIMILAR
SUBSTANCES."
The Invention relates to that portion of stone-cutting machinery more imme-
diately in connection with the cutting tool and mechanism actuating the same, the
design and object of which is the speedy and accurate cutting, dressing, or shaping
of any description or quality of stone, marble, or similar substances used for building
purposes.
The improvement is not confined to the effecient productions of plain or flat
surfaces, but is equally adapted for the cutting or shaping of ornamental and com-
plicated mouldings, whether straight, rectangular, or circular, and also for carving
or shaping designs.
The Invention may thus be described :-Upon a suitable framing or bed I mount
a table designed to support the stone or other substance which requires dressing or
shaping; this table receives a rectilinear to-and-fro motion by means of suitable
gearing in manner similar to that of a planing machine. On either side of the said
table uprights project, which form a portion of the framing, and to which are
attached adjustable brackets supporting a cross shaft carrying one or more eccentrics
which give motion to the cutting tool direct; or, in lieu of such eccentric, I fix the
tool or tools to a cross bearer sliding in grooves or slots formed in the uprights. The
sliding motion of the tool bearer is obtained through the medium of cranks,
eccentrics, or their equivalent.

page_text: The tool or tools secured to the cross bearer when in action fall and rise in a
vertical line, and when descending do not act by percussion, but gradually and
forcibly tititurates or shives the stone from its first contact therewith, proceeding
downwards to a depth which will give it an uniform plane or ornamental surface.
The vertical action of the cutting tool expedites the dressing of the stone, as it
enables the cut to be effected with each to-and-fro traverse of the table; it also gives
to the surface of the stone an appearance similar to that which is produced by hand
in the process generally known as tooling.
When it is desired that the rough tooled appearance should be reduced and
smoothed down, I then mount upon a second shaft, supported in a position parallel
to the first, and likewise adjustable, an emery roller which is shaped to the plane or
moulded profile of the cutting tool; thus when the cutting or shiving tool and
reducing wheel have been adjusted to their respective positions to suit the thickness
or depth of stone being cut, the rapidly descending cutter or cutters as the table
advances cuts or shives off the superfluous stone to one uniform level, leaving
thereon the rough tooled appearance before mentioned; but as the traverse of the
stone continues, it is brought under the action of the rapidly revolving emery
roller, which reduces the roughness, and produces a smooth and polished surface.
A flexible pipe communicating with a fan may be employed for blowing away
and keeping clear the cut from accumulation of sand or grit.
I would finally mention that I am cognizant that there have been numerous
attempts to cut, face, and dress stone by planing or percussive tools revolving or
otherwise, but hitherto I am not aware of any attempt having been made to cut
plane or moulded. surfaces upon stone by shiving or tititurating the stone on a tra-
versing table by means of a perpendicularly descending tool actuated by eccentrics
or their equivalent, as herein described, and which form the essential and principal
feature of this Invention.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th
May 1878.
CHARLES MANSFIELD LLOYD, of Nine Elmis, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, AND OTHER SIMILAR
SUBSTANCES."
The Invention relates to that portion of stone-cutting machinery more imme-
diately in connection with the cutting tool and mechanism actuating the same, the
design and object of which is the speedy and accurate cutting, dressing, and shaping
of any description or quality of stone, marble, or similar substances used for building
purposes.
The improvement is not confined to the efficient production of plain or flat
surfaces, but is equally adapted for the cutting or shaping of ornamental and com-
plicated mouldings, whether straight, rectangular, or circular, and also for carving
or shaping designs.
The Invention may be thus described:-Upon a suitable framing or bed I mount
a table designed to support the stone or other substance which requires dressing or
shaping; this table receives a rectilinear to-and-fro motion by means of suitable
gearing in manner similar to that of a planing machine. On either side of the said
table uprights project, which form a portion of the framing, and to which are:
attached adjustable brackets supporting a cross shaft carrying one or more eccentrics
which give motion to a cross bearer sliding in grooves formed in the said brackets;
to this sliding cross bearer the cutting tool is secured, which, when the eccentrics
are at work, rise and fall in a vertical direction, at which time the forward traverse
of the table carrying the stone receives an intermittent motion, so that when the
tool is descending, and in contact with and cutting the stone, the table is caused to
dwell or rest and move forward only for a fresh cut when the tool is raised or clear
of the stone; or, in lieu of giving the table an intermittent notion while tra-
versing, an uniform traverse may be transmitted thereto, in which case the tool,
actuated by the eccentrics, may be so governed that it will whilst cutting move in
a direction with and at the same speed as the stone.
The vertical descent of the tool when brought into contact with the stone does
not act by percussion, but gradually and forcibly tititurates or shives the stone from
its first contact therewith, proceeding downwards to a depth which will give it an
uniform plain or ornamental surface.
The vertical action of the cutting tool expedites the dressing of the stone, and
gives the surface of the same an appearance similar to that which is obtained by
the process known as tooling.
When it is desired to smooth down the rough tooled appearance I employ emery
rollers, the peripheries of which have profiles similar to the plain or moulded surfaces
to be smoothed; these rollers are mounted in bearings secured to the uprights, and
are driven rapidly, so that when the stone is passing under them they reduce the
roughened surface of the same, and produce thereon a smooth or polished surface.
In order that the Invention may be well understood and explained in detail I
have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings made on a scale of about one and a
half inches to the foot, similar letters of reference being marked on corresponding
parts on all the Figures alike.

page_text: Fig. 3 represents a detached view of an arrangement of driving gear which is
designed for the purpose of giving the table carrying the stone an intermittent
motion; and Fig. 4 represents a plan view of the same. This arrangement of inter-
mittent driver is to be employed in lieu of the driving arrangement shewn at Figs.
1 and 2.
In these Figs. a, a, is the framing or bed of the machine; b, b, the uprights; and
c, c, the traversing table upon which the stone or other substance to be acted upon
is secured. The table c, c, receives a rectilinear to-and-fro motion by means of the
gearing d, or an intermittant forward motion by means of the gearing shewn at
Figs. 3 and 4. To the front or planed surfaces of the upright b, b, the sliding
brackets e, e, are secured, and are so arranged that the can be simultaneously raised
or lowered by the gearing ƒ, ƒ, and by which their adjustment or position with
respect to the surface of the sliding table or bed c can be readilly effected; these
brackets e, e, support the eccentric shaft g and eccentrics g¹, g', which have motion
imparted to them by the pulley h. To the straps of these eccentrics g', g', a cross
bearer i is secured, the ends of which move in parallel slides k, k, formed in the
brackets e, e.
To this cross bearer i, which through the medium of the eccentrics
g³, g³, and slides k, k, receives a true perpendicular rise and fall, the cutting tool / is
secured.
The tool, which is made of sheet steel, has its cutting edge shaped or grooved to
the plain or moulded surface which it is intended to cut upon the stone submitted
to its action.
Two or more cutting tools may be employed for cutting wide surfaces.
On reference to the Drawings and foregoing description the action of the machine
will be understood.
The stone or other substance to be operated upon is secured to the table or bed c,
after which the brackets e, e, supporting the eccentrics g', g', cross bearer i, and
tool l, are adjusted to their right position by the gearing ff. The machine is then
set in motion, at which time the cutting tools receive through the medium of the
eccentrics g', g', and slides k, k, a rapid true perpendicular rise and fall, and the table
or bed c supporting the stone receives simultaneously therewith a forward inter-
mittant traverse by means of the driving gear shewn at Figs. 3 and 4. According
to this arrangement the machine is driven solely by the pulley h on the eccentric
shaft the motion from this said shaft being transmitted intermittantly to the table c
through the gearing n, shaft o, eccentric p, pawls and rachets q, worm and worm
wheel r, r, the lattter of which is keyed on the shaft 8, driving the pinion gearing in
the rack t, secured to the table c. The table with its load is by this means of
driving caused to dwell or stop during the descent of the cutting tool, and move or
feed forward only when the tool is clear of the stone; or the table can have
imparted to it an uniform traverse, in which case the tool is caused to oscillate
and move in its descent with the table whilst in contact with and cutting the
stone.
The lowest vertical descent of the tool represents the plain or moulded surface
which the stone is intended to receive; thus, whether the substance acted upon be
hard, soft, or irregular in density, the portion taken off or reduced is accomplished
uniformly by the shiving or tititurating action of the vertically descending tool,
which leaves a true level surface upon the stone corresponding with the plain or
moulded surfaces of the cutting edge of the tool in use.
A flexible pipe communicating with a fan may be employed for blowing away
and keeping clean the cut from accumulation of sand or grit.
I would remark in conclusion that I am cognizant that there have been numerous
attempts to cut, face, and dress stones or other similar substances by planing or
percussive tools revolving or otherwise, but bitherto I have not heard, neither am I
aware of any attempt having been made to cut plain or moulded surfaces upon stone
in the manner herein described; I therefore wish it to be clearly understood that I
claim, the novel employment and use of perpendicularly descending tools or cutters

page_text: actuated by eccentrics or their equivalent, together with their adaptation to planing
or other machines, whereby their action will cut, shive, or tititurate stone or other
similar substances, in the manner as herein-before substantially described, and set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-eight.
CHARLES M. LLOYD. (L.S.)