Improvements in or connected with Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Nov., 1897-Accepted, 29th Jan., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Type-writing Machines.
I, JOSEPH MARCH WEBSTER, of 22, Waverley Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to type-writing machines, and has mainly for its
object and effect certain improvements in machines having the improved
characteristics set forth in the Specification of my former Letters Patent No. 14922 of
1893. Certain of the improvements, however, hereafter described, are also applicable
in whole or in part to type-writing machines of other types or characters; but for
convenience, the nature of the invention will now be described as applied to machines
of the kind set forth in my said former specification.
In this description, the various improvements constituting the characteristics of the
present invention, will be described as being applied and used in combination; but
it is to be understood that it is not intended that these different features of the
invention are only useful when so combined, for they may be used separately as well
as conjointly in different kinds of machines.
In a machine according to this invention, the keyboard is placed at the top, as in
my former specification; while the paper roller or platen, and its carriage, are at the
bottom, and are arranged on an axis at right angles to the direction of length of the
keyboard; whilst the type is carried on flexible metallic strips or springs, supported
on levers worked by the keys. The keys are arranged in rows, and the key levers are
mounted on centres below the top plate of the key-board; these centres being all in
the same horizontal plane and suitably spaced apart, and the levers themselves being
cut or stamped out of steel or other suitable metal plate, on the ends of the vertical
parts of which, the keys are fitted. The type bars or levers are arranged in sets, one
on either side of the machine, as in the former specification or machine, working
towards one another, and they are of hell crank or like type, and are connected to
the key levers at the back or outer ends, by rods. In each of the short ends of the
levers there is a means of adjustment, by which the type bars can be adjusted upon
their supporting axles. This adjusting device in one form consists of a guide or
frame mounted upon or over the shaft, and in which the lower end of the type bars
can be moved to and fro, whilst a screw passes through a bar on the back end of the
type bar, and screws in to the said frame or guide on the spindle. By turning this
screw one way or the other, the type bar is adjusted upon the shaft. On or in
connection with the front lower end of these type bar frames or guides (which
extend beyond their centre inwards), there is a bar, which is supported froin, and
works the spacer mechanism, and which is operated by, and so actuates, the spacer
mechanism, each time a key and type.bar is operated. In one arrangement, this bar
works in connection with a hook or catch on the lower fore end of the type bar guide
or frame, so adapted, that when a type bar is operated, it pulls down a lever
connected with the spacer mechanism, through a connecting bar.
This spacer mechanism is disposed in between the two sets of type bars or levers;
and the lever referred to is fulcrummed on a spindle which is normally pressed
upwards by a coiled spring; and it has a plate or provision upon it, which acts in
connection with a releasing pawl of the escapement mechanism connected with the
paper roller or platen, and which travels with it upon its carriage. The action is,

page_text: that each time the spacer lever is worked, it operates the pawl and actuates the
escapement. The pawl has upon it an extension laterally so that it will be operated
from the space bar in all positions of the platen or roller carriage. This escapement,
and the paper roller and carriage are hereafter described.
The type bars have at their upper ends duplex thin steel or other metal plates or
strips of great elasticity laterally (i.e. in the direction transverse to the plane of the
plates or strips), and the type is fixed in between the ends of these springs. The
springs are curved inwards and downwards, and are so arranged, that they move
towards the central inclined guide device, placed between the two sets of levers, and
serving to guide the type heads of all the levers into the same position. Below this
guide device, the paper. roller or platen is placed and worked. The type blocks will
have the capitals and small type, and say a figure or other sign upon it, so that it is
adapted to operate three signs or marks; and the paper roller or platen will of course
be moved bodily on its carriage to stand centrally under any one of these signs when
the type bars are operated, this being effected by suitable keys or stops on the key
board.
:
The type blocks are inked by an inking device consisting of pendant indiarubber
or like rollers, retained in their normal position by a spring, and over which the type
blocks move when they are operated; while between these inking rollers is an
suspended circular or flat pad or the like, containing ink or dye, against which the
inking rollers come when thus actuated. The action is, that when type bars are
operated, the type block pressing at an inclination on the inking rollers, presses them
away towards the inking pad, and then slips past them; and then, afterwards, when
the type bar has passed and gone back, the inking rollers are brought back into their
normal position by their spring.
The forward movement of the type bars is limited and controlled by an india-rubber
and other buffer, which is placed across the machine at each side, and against which
the type bars come at the end of their stroke; and this buffer is made adjustable, as
by making it excentric or cam shaped, so that the part of its face can be moved
nearer or further away from the inner edges of the bars or levers. This cushioning
of the stroke is rendered variable, and the hardness of the striking action of the type
for manifolding, and for ordinary writing, varied at will.
F
The guide device by which type bars are all guided into one and the same striking
position, consists substantially of curved guides arranged in the path of the type
bars, such guides being inclined from their upper ends towards the lower end, there
being four of such guides, two on either side of the device.. These guides consist of
channelled or grooved bars standing out from the face of the plates on which they
rest, and having free rollers in them, the outer surfaces of which project beyond the
face of the bars. These rollers act as the actual rubbing and contact surface for the
type bars in going up and down, and give a perfectly free motion, with a minimum
of friction, to the up and down passage of the type. The type bars or blocks come
in contact with and slide in the guide bars at their inner toes during the first part
of their stroke, and at both toes or ends, towards the latter part of the stroke.
Suitable inclined projection's are also provided within these bars to lead the outer end
or toe of the type blocks on to the guide at the opposite side.
The platen or paper roller, and the spring escapement mechanism for spacing, are
carried on a carriage supported on rollers at either side, and adapted to be moved laterally
across the machine on its bed plate or base, to take any desired position in relation
to the type guide device, the carrier being guided by a central bar at each side
sliding in a tubular guide, and pressed normally into one direction by single spiral
spring working on. the guide bar in the guide. The carriage and bars are operated
to take the required position under type bar guide accordingly, as to which of the
signs on the bar is to be used or marked, by suitable stops or keys.
The platen or paper roller is mounted in a frame or carriage, and this frame or
carrier is mounted and slides on a long bar extending out on either side, and over
which a tubular guide on the frame slips and works. Thus guide is at one side of
the roller frame, while at the other there is a rack engaging with the toothed wheel

page_text: on the escapement mechanism, and these two parts are connected together by a
concave plate, forming part of the frame, between which and the roller the paper is
introduced and moved. The guide of the platen frame, and the whole platen, can
be readily slid off the bar and placed on; whilst the guide bar itself is also detachably
carried upon the platen carrier. This is done in one case within V or dovetailed
guides, into and from which a corresponding slide upon it can be readily moved;
and having been placed in position, it is gripped by pressing one of the guides
against the slide, by a cam fastener or like means. Thus, both the platen and its
guide can be readily taken off, and can be stowed transversely of the machine when
required, so that when the machine is of a portable nature, the whole takes up a
very small space and can be easily packed and carried.
According to another part of the invention I provide in connection with the
ordinary writing parts, adjuncts at the back or point of the machine provided with
type blocks (say two or more) constituting stock phrases used in writing letters,
drawing up legal documents, etcetera. These blocks are carried on plain levers or
type bars, and are adapted to be operated by special keys through levers, or in some
cases by direct connection with the type bars. In the case of the application of this
feature to machines of the kind herein above referred to, these special type levers
are arranged on either side of the platen of the roller on the same axis as the other
type levers; and they are worked by pendant working rollers and pads as the other
type. The keys or key levers may be mounted on brackets or similar supports on
either side of the machine and to the back frame thereof. The return action of these
type bars is consequently effected by coiled springs at their spindles.
Dated this 1st day of Amail 1007
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicant's Patent Agents, 15, Water Street, Liverpool.
Improvements in or connected with Type-writing Machines.
I, JOSEPH MARCH WEBSTER, of 22, Waverley Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be perforined, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to type-writing machines, and has mainly for its
object and effect certain improvements in machines having the improved characteristics
set forth in the Specification of my former Letters Patent No. 14922 of 1893.
Certain of the improvements, however, hereafter described, are also applicable in
whole or in part to type-writing machines of other types or characters; but, for
convenience, the nature of the invention will now be described as applied to machines
of the kind set forth in my said former specification.
In this description, the various improvements constituting the characteristics of
the present invention, will be described as being applied and used in combination;
but it is to be understood that it is not intended that these different features of 'the
invention are only useful when so combined, for they may be used separately as well
as conjointly in different kinds of machines.
In a machine, according to this invention, the keyboard is placed at the top, as in
my former specification; while the paper roller or platen, and its carriage, are at the
bottom, and are arranged on an axle at right angles to the direction of length of the
keyboard; whilst the type is carried on flexible metallic strips or springs, supported
on levers worked by the keys. The keys are arranged in rows, and the key levers

page_text: are mounted on centres below the top plate of the key-board; these centres being all
in the same horizontal plane, and suitably spaced apart, and the levers themselves
being cut or stamped out of steel, or other suitable metal plate, on the ends of the
vertical parts of which the keys are fitted. The type bars or levers are arranged in
sets, one on either side of the machine, as in the former specification or machine,
working towards one another, and they are of bell crank or like type, and are
connected to the key levers at the back or outer ends, by rods. In each of the short
ends of the levers there is a means of adjustment, by which the type bars can be
adjusted upon their supporting axles. This adjusting device in one form consists of
a guide or frame mounted upon or over the shaft, and in which the lower end of the
type bars can be moved to and fro, whilst a screw passes through a bar at the back
end of the type bar, and screws into the said frame or guide on the spindle. By
turning this screw one way or the other, the type bar is adjusted upon the shaft. Or,
in connection with the front lower end of these type bar frames or guides (which
extend beyond their centre inwards), there is a bar, which is supported from, and
works the spacer mechanism, and which is operated by, and so actuates, the spacer
mechanism, each time a key and type bar is operated. In one arrangement, this bar
works in connection with a hook or catch on the lower fore end of the type bar guide
or frame, and is so adapted that when a type bar is operated, it pulls down a lever
connected with the spacer mechanism, through a connecting bar.
This spacer mechanism is disposed in between the two sets of type bars or levers ;
and the lever, referred to, is fulerunmed on a spindle, which is normally pressed
upwards by a coiled spring; and it has a plate or provision upon it, which acts in
connection with a releasing pawl of the escapement mechanism connected with the
paper roller or platen, and which travels with it upon its carriage. The action is that
each time the spacer lever is worked, it operates the pawl, and actuates the escape-
ment. The pawl has upon it an extension laterally, so that it will be operated from
the space bar in all positions of the platen or roller carriage.. This escapement,
and the paper roller and carriage are hereafter described.
The type bars have at their upper ends duplex thin steel or other metal plates or
strips of great elasticity laterally (i.e. in the direction transverse to the plane of the
plates or strips), and the type is fixed in between the ends of these springs. The
springs are curved inwards and downwards, and are so arranged, that they move
towards a central inclined guide device, placed between the two sets of levers, and
serving to guide the type heads of all the levers into the same position. Below this
guide device, the paper roller or platen is placed and worked. The type blocks will
have the capitals and small type, and say a figure or other sign upon it, so that it is
adapted to operate three signs or marks; and the paper roller or platen will, of
course, be moved bodily on its carriage to stand centrally under any one of these
signs when the type bars are operated, this being effected by suitable keys or stops
on the key board.
The type blocks are inked by an inking device consisting of pendant indiarubber
or like rollers, retained in their normal position by a spring, and over which the type
blocks move when they are operated; while between these inking rollers is a
suspended circular or flat pad or the like, containing ink or dye, against which the
inking rollers come when thus actuated. The action is, that when the type bars are
operated, the type block pressing at an inclination on the inking rollers, presses them
away towards the inking pad, and then slips past them; and then, afterwards, when
the type bar has passed and gone back, the inking rollers are brought back into their
normal position by their spring.
The forward movement of the type bars is limited and controlled by an india-
rubber or other buffer, which is placed across the machine at each side, and against
which the type bars come at the end of their stroke; and this buffer is made
adjustable, as by making it eccentric or cam shaped, so that the part of its face can
be moved nearer or further away from the inner edges of the bars or levers. This
cushioning of the stroke is rendered variable, and the hardness of the striking action
of the type for manifolding, and for ordinary writing, varied at will,

page_text: The guide device by which type bars are all guided into one and the same striking
position, consists substantially of curved guides arranged in the path of the type
bars, such guides being inclined from their upper ends towards the lower end, there
being four of such guides, two on either side of the device. These guides consist of
channelled or grooved bars standing out from the face of the plates on which they
rest, and having free rollers in them, the outer surfaces of which project beyond the
face of the bars. These rollers act as the actual rubbing and contact surface for the
type bars in going up and down, and give a perfectly free motion, within minimum
of friction, to the up and down passage of the type. The type bars or blocks come
in contact with and slide in the guide bars at their inner toes during the first part
of their stroke, and at both toes or ends, towards the latter part of the stroke.
Suitable inclined projections are also provided within these bars to lead the outer end
or toe of the type blocks onto the guide at the opposite side.
The platen or paper roller, and the spring escapement mechanism for spacing, are
carried on a carriage supported on rollers at either side, and adapted to be moved
laterally across the machine on its bed plate or base, to take any desired position in
relation to the type guide device, the carrier being guided by a central bar at each
side sliding in a tubular guide, and pressed normally into one direction by a single
spiral spring working on, the guide bar in the guide. The carriage and bars are
operated to take the required position under type bar guides accordingly, as to
which of the signs on the bar is to be used or marked, by suitable stops or keys.
The platen or paper roller is mounted in a frame or carriage, and this frame or
carrier is mounted and slides on a long bar extending out on either side, and over
which a tubular guide on the frame slips and works. This guide is at one side of the
roller frame, while, at the other, there is a rack engaging with the toothed wheel on
the escapement mechanism, and these two parts are connected together by a concave
plate, forming part of the frame, between which and the roller the paper is introduced
and moved. The guide of the platen frame, and the whole platen, can be readily
slid off the bar and placed on; whilst the guide bar itself is also detachably carried
upon the platen carrier. This is done in one case within V or dovetailed guides, into
and from which a corresponding slide upon it can be readily moved; and having been
placed in position, it is gripped by pressing one of the guides against the slide, by a
cam fastener or like means. Thus, both the platen and its guide can be readily
taken off, and can be stowed transversely of the machine when required, so that
when the machine is of a portable nature, the whole takes up a very small space and
can be easily packed and carried.
According to another part of the invention, I provide in connection with the
ordinary writing parts, adjuncts at the back or front of the machine provided with
type blocks (say two or more) constituting stock phrases used in writing letters,
drawing up legal documents, etcetera. These blocks are carried on plain levers or
type bars, and are adapted to be operated by special keys through levers, or in some
cases by direct connection with the type bars. In the case of the application of this
feature to machines of the kind herein above referred to, these special type levers are
arranged on either side of the platen of the roller on the same axis as the other type
levers; and they are worked by pendant inking rollers and pads as the other type.
The keys or key levers may be mounted on brackets or similar supports on either
side of the machine and to the back frame thereof. The return action of these type
bars is subsequently effected by coiled springs at their spindles.
The improvements, according to this invention, are illustrated in the accompanying
drawings, in which are shewn a complete machine with the parts assembled, and
also various details separately.
Figures 1 and 2 are sectional front elevation, and plan, respectively; and 3 and 4
are elevations viewed from either end, of the machine. The other figures shewing
the constructions of parts, or various mechanisms in detail, are described in the
description of these specific parts or mechanisms; but in all the figures, the same
parts will be marked with the same letters or figures of reference.
. Referring to the drawings, and chiefly to Figures 1 to 4, the keyboard a is placed

page_text: at the top of the machine, and the paper roller or platen b is carried on the base or
bed c of the machine at the bottom, it being arranged with its horizontal axis
running at right angles to the direction of length of the key-board a.
The type
bars d are fixed on one end of long highly flexible metallic carrier strips d', the
opposite ends of these carriers being fixed to and on the ends of the type arms or
levers d², which are adjustably carried upon frames, mounted on the shafts d³, at either
side of the machine. The keys of the keyboard are arranged in rows; and their
levers a are mounted upon centres a² directly below the top plate x of the key-board;
these centres being all disposed in the same horizontal plane as shewn, and supported
by shafts a³ extending across the front and back plates a³ x², respectively, of the
machine, and suitably spaced apart. The levers themselves are preferably cut or
stamped out of sheet steel, or other suitable metal plate; and carry upon their
vertical or upright ends, which project through the keyboard x, the keys, in the
usual way.
The type bars, carriers, and levers d, d¹, d², are arranged in two sets, one on either
side of the machine, as shewn; the levers d² being mounted loosely or independently
upon the carrier shafts d³, supported in the front and back plates x¹²; and they are.
connected with the levers a¹ through adjustable connecting rods d**, the lower ends
of which are connected with the mounting frames d' of the levers d²; the constructions
of which parts are hereinafter described by the aid of the drawings shewing them in
detail. În front of the lever frames d, there are bars or rollers q¹ supported from.
and adapted to work the spacer mechanism hereafter described, each time a key
and type bar is worked. The parts of the frames d which operate upon these bars,
consist of a hooked projection d', which engages them; the action being that when
a type lever is operated, it pulls down a lever m at either side, connected with the
spacer mechanism, through the connecting bar q. This spacer mechanism will
be hereafter described in whole, in the description of its detailed construction; but,
generally, its position on the machine is between the two sets of type levers as
shewn.
In the middle of the machine, and above the paper roller or platen, there is the
central incline guide device, which is generally designated f, the details of which are
hereafter described; and this device operates upon or in connection with the type
bar spring carriers in such a manner as to lead and guide them laterally, all down
onto the same spot or point over the platen.
The type blocks b are inked by an inking device consisting of pendant inking
rollers h-or in a modification, pads-supported by a frame h¹, from an overhead
suspension shaft h²; and the working is effected and they are acted upon by the type
bars as hereaiter described.
At the back of the machine, there are special type levers which are shown in
detail in Figures 50, 51, and 52. The levers are designated g, and are mounted upon
pivots glat either side, and operated through key bars g², and keys, at the back of
the key board of the machine. The type-carrying parts of the levers are wide, and
they are designed for carrying stock or stamped sentences, such as
"Dear sir,"
"Yours truly," &c., or any long or short special sentences. They are provided with
and inked by suspended inking roller g³, and ink pad g*.
Reference will now be made to the special constructions of the several parts and
mechanisms of type-writing machines according to the invention.
First, with regard to the construction connected with the type levers and bars, and
the guide device for controlling the striking position of them, these are shewn in
Figures 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.
With regard to the type-levers d², and their adjusting supporting frames d', the
latter consist of blocks of metal,-say brass, through which the shaft 3 and liner
sleeves d³x pass; and the shanks of the levers d, where they fit in these blocks,
consist of two horns d³, which extend from the base of the body of the lever from a
point at the back, and beyond the shaft d³; while the blocks themselves are grooved
on both sides and at the upper part beyond the shaft d³, and in these grooves the hornsd³
and back part are pressed, taking the position in the block shewn in the dotted lines

page_text: -of-the-left-hand side in Figure 5; and the whole lever is by this means adjusted,
'that is slid to or fro in these grooves or recesses in the block d, by the screw pin do,
which passes through the cross bar d connecting the horns ds together, and
screws into the solid part of the block d. The action is, that when the screw is
turned up, the type lever will be pushed inwards of the axle; and the whole type
lever and parts carried on it, adjusted towards the centre of the machine. When
turned the other way it is moved away from the centre. The lever carrier frames (4,
as shewn in these details, are provided at each side with annular grooves d³, concentric
with the supporting axle d³; and each pair of grooves of the adjacent pairs of frames
are fitted with balls do, and so arranged that the frames do not touch each other;
the total friction, therefore, of the lever frames against each other in working, is that
due to the friction of the rollers in their annular races, which is, necessarily, very
small.
The type bar spring carriers are of double form, being made of thin highly elastic
or springy metal, as steel, similar to those in my before mentioned patent, and
operated substantially in the saine manner as therein described; and they are curved
on their outer edges for acting in connection with the inking devices, as hereinafter
described. Their actuating rods dx are screwed at their lower ends; and these
screwed parts pass through the links d", which are connected to the lever frames d'.
By screwing these parts d" onto the screws of d4x, more or less, the adjustment of the
connecting rods can be made.
With regard to the guide and centreing device f, this consists of two frames f¹,
one on either side of the centre of the machine, and fixed to the frame plate x¹ x².
Each of these frames is at the outside edge, provided with a bar, having in it a
groove f2, which is filled with balls f³; the mouth of the grooves being smaller than
the base, and the diameter of the balls, so that they are held in position, and just
project beyond the surface of the part of the frame f in which they are carried.
Between the two ball races at each side of the frames f¹, there are bars f4, the surfaces
of which are practically or nearly even with the surfaces of the balls, as viewed in
relation to the path of the type blocks and spring carriers d¹ in descending the
guide f. These bars f* are carried upon the inside faces of the connecting plate f³ of
the frames f¹. The guide device, at the lower part, is supported from the plate ¹
by a carrying and steadying piece f", and bolts f, which pass through the bosses f³,
and the block fe, and bind it to the plate a¹.
With regard to the steel comb shewn, in Figures 11 and 12, this is fixed in the
plates xx just above the lever frames d', and the several teeth act as springs and
serve to cushion the action of the type levers just as they strike the paper, by the top
of the frame coming in contact with them, and so soften the blows.
In the action of the type levers, the type bars d, in coming down, first come in
contact with one of the ball races f³ at their inner edges, and are guided by it, and
led towards the central aperture or mouth f"; and as they descend further, their
outer leading edge is guided onto the balls at the other side, by one of the bars f*;
and as the type passes through the mouth f, it will be supported by the four ball
races and balls at the four corners, and consequently, all the type bars are always
brought and guided, at every action, to exactly the same position over the paper
being written upon, from which position they cannot move. The friction due to the
moving of the type bars over the guides of the device f, and bending their spring
carriers, is, in consequence of the construction described, rendered extremely
small.
With regard to the inking devices, 'these modifications are shewn in the drawings.
That shewn in the general arrangement of Figures 1 to 4, consists of two rollers -
say of india-rubber, which are, supported and pressed normally apart by light
springs h*, as shewn in Figure 1; while between them is another roller h³, which is
an inking pad, suspended from the bar h². In action, normally, the rubber
rollers h bear upon the lower part of the type-blocks d, and as these type blocks
move forward when actuated, the rollers h are pressed away in front of them, the type
bars running up over the type faces until they are clear of them. Once above the

page_text: type bars they are held up by the type carrier blocks, which are curved, and of the
form of sectors of a circle, having the centre of the supporting shaft d³, as their centre.
Thus, the inking devices remain stationary while the type bars are moving forwards
and backwards, after the inking action. In the return of the type-bars, the reverse
action of the roller takes place. In the action of the roller being moved away by
the type bars, it will strike the inking pad or roller h³, as the case may be, and
so its surface will be inked; and in this manner, the surfaces of the inking rollers h
become covered with ink to the required degree, and impart it to the type blocks as
they pass over them.
In the modification of the inking device shewn in Figure 13, 14 and 15, the
inking of the type is effected directly from the inking pads h, which will carry or be
saturated with ink or dye, being of absorbent material; and these pads are suspended
from the shaft h2 by suspension plates h¹, which also carry upon them rollers ho. The
normal position of the devices is that shewn in Figure 13, the retention in these
positions being effected by a spring h' which lifts them into such position, and holds
them there against the stops h³. Then, in action, when a type-lever is operated, the
type bars first strike the pad hat the commencement of stroke; and then, by the
further movement, the outer corner of the type carrier plates d¹, comes in contact
with a roller ho, and instantly the pad is moved out of contact with the type, as shewn
in Figure 14, and keeps it there for the rest of the forward, and the corresponding
back stroke of the lever. Thus, all parts of the type bars and their carriers, except
the type itself, are kept entirely out of contact with the ink, and consequently
accumulations of ink upon them, and bad or dirty work, is avoided.
A further modification of inking device is shewn in Figures 16 to 22. The method
of clearing the inking pads out of the way of the type-blocks and carriers, as specified
with reference to Figures 13 to 15, is carried out also by this mechanism or device;
shewn in Figures 16 to 22. In this case, however, the inking pads h are counter-
balanced by weights h, and in connection with the pad carriers, there is a roller h
carried by a frame ho, which is suspended by a shaft 10. On the inner edges of the
frame bars hº there is a projecting part ; and in action, when the type bars move
forward, it first strikes the roller h, and after having pressed upon, and become inked
by the pad h, the outer angle of d¹ strikes h°, and pushing it forwards, brings h¹ into
contact with the suspension bars h¹ of the pads, and instantly presses them away from
the type and consequently, keeps them there for the rest of the forward and
backward motion; at the termination of which, the parts resume their normal
positions.
The paper roller or platen; its carriage; the base or platform on which this
carriage works; and the escapement mechanism, will be now described.
Figures 23, 24, and 25, are a top plan of roller carrier or platen; section of roller;
and inverted plan of rack bar respectively; and Figures 26, 27, and 28, are cross
section of roller and carrier; end view of roller actuating pawl and ratchet device;
and outside end view of roller frame, respectively.
Figures 29, 30 and 31, are plan; elevation; and end view, of the supporting bar
of the platen Figures 32 and 33 are plan and longitudinal section, of the holder
and carriage for the platen support; and Figures 34, 35, and 36 are plan; side
elevation and longitudinal section, of the bed and platform on which the platen
carriage works: and Figures 37, 38, and 39, are end views and cross section of
same.
Figures 40, 41, and 42, are sectional elevation; longitudinal section; and outside
end view, of the escapement mechanism: and Figures 43, 44, and 45, are details
connected with same.
With regard to the above figures, the parts illustrated in them, or some of them,
are also seen in the general views of the whole machine shewing the parts assembled.
First, with regard to the platen or paper roller b, and parts connected with it, it
is supported by and revolves in a carriage, which in turn is carried by and slides to and
fro on a bar or rod b¹, hereafter described. The carriage of the paper roller consists
of a tubular saddle 62, having at each end a frame or bracket 63, from which, the

page_text: shaft, of the roller proper, supported. These end frames 13, also carry the
escapement rack 65, the teeth of which are on the under edge of same. Running
along the bottom of the carriage there is a bar 60, suitably supported and carrying
guides 67, hinged on the bar 66, and normally pressed towards the roller b, by
springs 68. These guides 67, can be slid longitudinally on 60; and the shaft 60 also
carries fixed paper guides 6º, at either end, as well as india-rubber rollers 610. By
these guides and parts, the paper is guided round the lower part and back of the
roller; while above there are springs 6", which guide the paper round the roller on
the upper part,-see Figure 1. It will be seen the rack bar b' has a projecting
ledge 6. This ledge rests upon a roller, hereafter described, connected with the
escapement; and thus the paper roller carriage is supported by this ledge on one
side, and by the bar b¹, on the other.
The supporting bar b¹, for the paper roller carriage (see Figures 29 to 31) is
cylindrical, with rounded ends; and has at its centre a dove-tail shaped plate 612,
which fits, and is held within a correspondingly shaped carriage, shewn in Figures 32
and 33. This carriage consists of a plate i having at one end, upon its upper
surface, two plates , one of which has movement about a hinge, and the other
is fixed; while both at their inner edges are tapered, forming with the plate i, a
dove-tail groove, corresponding in shape and size with the paper carriage supporting
bar plate on seat 612. And this plate 612 is placed in this dovetailed groove, when
the paper roller is in position in the machine, and is clamped therein by the hinged
locking cam 3, which presses the inner bar ¹, inwards towards and onto 612.
By this mode of supporting and carrying the bar b', and the platen carriage 6,10,
these parts can be readily removed, so that they can be stowed, in case the machine
is to be packed in a case or box for convenient carriage. It will be seen, moreover,
that the platen carriage can be easily placed in position on the bar h, or withdrawn
therefrom.
On the carriage plate i, there is also supported and carried, the escapement
mechanism, as shewn in Figures 41 and 42; while the carriage plate itself is fixed
upon a bar k, in the base or bed c, in which it is adapted to be slid to and fro,
for the purpose of moving the platen so that the centre of the paper roller can be
brought directly under the particular type letter or figure on the type bar d, according
to which of the types on such bars is for the time being, being used. And
this longitudinal movement of the carriage i, is operated by a special key at the
keyboard, and the levers and rods j, j¹, j, the lower end at the latter being in
contact with, and adapted to act upon the back edge of i, and when operated by the
key, to move the carriage i, from left to right, on the bed or base c; the return
action being effected by a tension spring a', in the end of one of the two tubes k²,
in which slides to and fro. To render the action of the carriage i easy, the
base is provided with roller wheels k³, which project just above its upper
surface, and on which the carriage i rests and runs. These bearing roller wheels
take the whole weight of the parts; and the bar k, and the tube 2, merely act as
guides.
The escapement device comprising a frame 1, a shaft 1, working in it; a
pinion on one end of the shaft, and working in connection with the rack bar b³,
of the platen; a spring 13, connected with the frame, and operating the shaft in
one direction, as usual; a scape wheel ', connected to the shaft, and a scape
lever working in connection with the scape wheel .
The end of this scape
lever has a transverse bar 1°, upon it, extending in the direction of movement of
the carriage, and scapement device, so that it will be acted upon by the spacer
mechanism, whatever position it may be in.
In connection with the pinions 12, and platen rack bar 1, there is a loose roller 17,
on the shaft ; and in the periphery of which the rack bar ledge 65x, rests and runs ;
while above it, there is a spring 1, supported from the scapement frame, which
keeps the rack bar down on to the roller 17. By this means, the teeth of the rack
bar cannot engage too deeply with the pinion teeth 12; nor can they lift out of
engagement; and thus a constant and even action is obtained.

page_text: The spacer mechanism which works in connection with the escapement is illus-
trated in Figures 46, 47, 48 and 49. This comprises two interconnected levers m, at
one side of the mechanism, coupled by a link m¹, and mounted upon fulcra m²; and
two independent levers n at the opposite side of the machine, mounted on fulcra n¹,
and connected at their fulcra (which are at one end) with the levers m, by tubular
connections n2 (through which the supporting shafts for these levers pass), and at
their opposite ends to the space bar o, at the key board, by the vertical connecting
bars o¹. The levers m and n are also connected together by a bar p¹ having upon it
a roller p, and by means of which the escapement 15, is actuated.
The levers n and m carry, by suspension bars q, transverse rollers q', which rest
under, and are engaged by, the projecting hooks ds of the type lever frames d⭑.
Springs in connection with the levers n m, are employed to normally press the
rollers upwards, and the spacing bar o, up.
In action, when a type lever is operated, the hook d³ on its frame , pulls down the
roller and thereby depresses the roller, p, which bears upon some part of the
elongated pin 1 on the scape pawl 15, and operates the scapement, and thereby, as
soon as the return of the type bar takes place, allows the spring 1 to actuate the
escapement, and move the platen, with its sheet of paper, one space distance along
the bar b¹.
With regard to the details of the stock phrase writing levers g, these are shewn in
Figures 50, 51, and 52, their general description, as given above, sets out their general
purposes and construction. As regards their action, they are operated by the keys
and rods g² at the back of the machine (where the whole of the parts are disposed)
and when one of these keys is pressed down, the levers g are pressed and moved about
their axle g' and strike the paper on the paper roller b, which will be projecting out
through the back of the machine. Type blocks g' will, in most cases, have 2, 3, or
more phrases, and the application of any particular phrase will be accomplished by
moving the platen, so that the centre of the paper roller comes directly under that
phrase. The levers g carry the type blocks or bars go directly upon their heads,
which, in this case, are rigid; and the upper part of the bar is extended out back-
wards, in order to act in connection with the inking device, in the manner of the
other levers and type carriers specified.
With regard to this feature of the invention, it is to be stated that its use is not
restricted to the type of machine herein shewn, and more particularly referred to, as
it may be applied to any type-writing machine to which it is suitable, and can be
advantageously used. And the same remarks apply to the several other special
mechanisms and characteristics herein described.
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim :-
1. In a type-writing machine, type-levers d², mounted adjustably on a carrier or
frame, in the manner substantially as herein set forth.
2. The type levers or arms d², with horns d³, mounted in the frames d', as shewn
in and set forth with reference to the drawings.
3. The type lever d², adjustably supported and carried on the frame d as
described, in combination with the operating bar or rod d**, connected with the
frames and key levers; as set forth with reference to and shewn in the drawings.
4. The combination of type levers or arms d², with adjusting vibrating frames 6+,
said levers or arms being mounted on said frames as described, and having grooves
in them at the side in which roller balls are contained; as set forth and shewn in the
drawings.
5. In a type-writing machine, having type bars carried and acting in the manner
referred to, a guide and centreing device for the type bars, having ball races
arranged down the guiding parts, and acting as guides proper, which lead and guide
the type bars or their carriers, in the manner described.

page_text: 6. The guiding and centreing device, with the ball races at each side, constructed
and arranged particularly as set forth with reference to and shewn in the drawings.
7. In a type-writing machine in which the type bars vibrate about a centre, a
vibrating inking device comprising amovable ink roller, pad, or the like, which is adapted
to be pressed away by, and moved over the type, by the forward motion of the type
levers, and is held by the type carriers during their action, in the manner described.
8. In a type-writing machine, type levers or carriers having curved backs or edges,
and a vibrating inking pad or roller disposed in front of the type thereon, and
pressed away from same by the action of the type or type carrier, and kept off same,
by the back of the carrier itself; substantially as set forth.
9. The type inking devices arranged and adapted to operate in connection with
the type or type carrier, as set forth with reference to and shewn in
Figures 1, 50, 51, 52; Figures 13 to 15; and Figures 16 to 22, respectively.
10. In a type-writing machine, a paper roller or platen disposed at right angles to
the direction of width of the machine, and having a carriage mounted upon a bar on
which it slides longitudinally; substantially as set forth and shewn in the
drawings.
11. In a type-writing machine having a paper roller or platen of the kind referred
to in the preceding claim, the construction of carriage for the roller, as set forth with
reference to and shewn in the drawings.
12. The paper roller b mounted in a carriage, and the carriage being supported at
one side by a bar, and at the other by a ledge on or connected with the escapement
rack, which
fixed on said carriage, and supported upon a roller connected with the
escapement; substantially as set forth.
13. The platen or paper roller, comprising roller, carriage, and rack bar, as shewn
in and set forth with reference to the drawings.
14. In a type-writing machine, a platen or paper roller supporting bar b¹, arranged
in the machine as described, and detachably held in a carriage, in the manner
substantially as set forth.
15. The construction of platen support, and its carrier, às set forth with reference
to Figures 29 to .33.
16. In a type-writing machine, the combination of carriage supporting the platen
or paper roller, and a base or bed on which said carriage rests, said carriage being
connected with a guide below, and supported at each side on the bed, by rollers on
which it runs; substantially as set forth.
17. The platen or paper roller carriage, supporting bed and guide, constructed,
arranged, and adapted to operate, particularly as set forth with reference to and shewn
in Figures 32 to 39 of the drawings.
18. In a type-writing machine having a platen carrying the spacer rack bar, and
an escapement mechanism, the combination with said rack bar of the pinion 12,
roller 17, and spring guide 18; arranged and operating as and for the purposes
set forth.
19. The escapement mechanism arranged in connection with the platen, as described,
and having a scape lever 1, with a bar lo on the end of same, adapted to operate in
connection with a roller, or the like, upon the spacing mechanism; and as set forth
with reference to and shewn in the drawings.
20. The spacing mechanism consisting of levers m n, and rollers or rod q¹
connected with and operated by the type lever actuating frames d'; substantially as
set forth.
21. The spacing mechanism having its parts arranged, combined, and adapted to
operate, particularly as set forth with reference to and shewn in Figures 46 to 49 of
the drawings.
22. In a type-writing machine, the employment of special type levers adapted to
carry stock phrases or the like, in type, and arranged separately from the other levers,
and adapted to apply these phrases or the like, to the paper being written upon, at
one stroke; substantially as set forth.
23. In a type-writing machine having type levers arranged side by side, as described

page_text: the use in combination therewith of separate levers containing type in the form of
complete sentences or stock phrases as described, said levers being adapted to
operate in a plane parallel with the ordinary type levers, and to act upon the paper,
as described.
24. The arrangement and combination in a type-writing machine, of the levers g,
and parts connected with them, arranged, constructed, and operating, particularly as
shewn in and set forth with reference to Figures 50, 51, and 52.
25. The type-writing machine comprising the various mechanisms, arranged, and
adapted to co-act, as set forth with reference to and shewn in the drawings.
Dated this 1st day of November 1897.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicant's Patent Agents, 15, Water Street, Liverpool.