IMPROVEMENTS IN AND ADDITIONS TO MULTITUBULOUS AND WATER SHEET STEAM BOILERS AND THEIR FIRE-BOXES OR FURNACES, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE IN PART TO SURFACE CONDENSERS AND REFRIGERATORS."
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Stewart, of Poplar, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, and Thomas Charlton, of Ashford, in the
County of Kent, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND ADDITIONS TO MULTITUBULOUS AND WATER SHEET STEAM BOILERS AND
THEIR FIRE-BOXES OR FURNACES, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE IN
PART TO SURFACE CONDENSERS AND REFRIGERATORS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Stewart and
Thomas Charlton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd June 1869.
We, JOHN STEWART, of Poplar, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
and THOMAS CHARLTON, of Ashford, in the County of Keut, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND ADDITIONS TO MULTITUBULOUS AND WATER SHEET STEAM BOILERS AND
THEIR FIRE-BOXES OR FURNACES, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE IN PART
TO SURFACE CONDENSERS AND REFRIGERATORS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in multitubulous and water
sheet boilers.

page_text: Firstly. To an improved construction and arrangement of furnace or
fire-box.
Secondly. To an improved construction of the steam generating tubes
or spaces of the boiler, and their arrangement or combination so as to
form the boiler or generator.
Thirdly. To the addition to the boiler of a vessel serving as a reservoir
capable of withstanding the steam pressure and for the purpose of
supplying the boiler with water on an emergency.
And, fourthly. To the improved construction and arrangement of
surface condensers or refrigerators.
Our Invention relates also, fifthly, to the fitting or fixing of the
Lubes.
1. Our improvements in the furnaces or fire-boxes of steam boilers
consist in placing side by side tubes of a diameter suitable for the size
and breadth of furnace. These tubes are placed over the furnace at an
angle sufliciently great to ensure the perfect circulation of the water
contained in them. Each tube we sometimes make with two bends or
legs, an upper and a lower one; the lower leg forms one side of the
fire-box or furnace, the other leg is bent in the opposite direction.
The legs forming the side of the fire-box we connect to a suitable water
space or chamber, which wo horein-after call the tube connecting
chamber, by means of flanges. These flanges are united to the sides or
ends of the tubes by either welding, brazing, screwing, or other means.
The flanges are rivitted or bolted to the tube connecting chamber. In
some cases we propose to connect the tubes to the tube connecting
chamber in the manner in which the tubes are connected to the tube
plates in ordinary multitubular boilers. When we connect in this
manner we place the tubes at such a distance apart as not to diminish to
an injurious degree the strength of the metal forming the tube connect-
ing chamber, or as an alternative we place the tubes so as to touch or
nearly touch each other, but reduce the size of the end of each tube;
or we may for the same purpose place in cach tube a diminishing piece
which may be brazed, welded, or screwed to the tube. We prefer to fit
the tubes in the tubo plate of the tube connecting chamber by means of
an instrument known as a tube expander, and have in the bottom of the
tube connecting chamber opposite each tube a plug hole or opening
somewhat larger than the tube opening for the purpose of introducing
the tube expander for fixing the tube in the tube plate. The plug hole

page_text: is tapped and fitted with a screwed plug. The upper leg of each tube is
connected by a pipe or tubo with a steam receiver or chamber, each
tube being of such a length that its upper portion forms a steam space.
Each tube is connected by means of a plate or flange to a series of
straight pipes, tubes, or a water space or spaces forming the other sido
or wall of furnace or fire-box. This plate or flange which unites the
two sides or walls of fire-box or furnace firmly together is secured to
the tubes by means of bolts or studs, internal flanges being provided in
the upper end of each tube for that purpose. The plate or flange before
spoken of has a passage formed in it for the purpose, firstly, of
connecting the steam space of each tube, and, secondly, of connecting
these steam spaces with the smaller tubes leading into the steam
receiver. The lower or bottom ends of the straight tubes, pipes, 'or
water spaces herein-before mentioned as forming one wall or side of the
fire-box are united to the tube connecting chamber in a similar manner
to that before described for the bent tube on the opposite side.
In some
cases we lead or enter the upper ends of the straight and bent tubes
forming the fire-box into a steam or a steam and water tube connecting
chamber with the tube expanding instrument in the same manner as
before described with reference to the lower ends of the bent tube.
In larger boilers where wider furnaces are required we propose to use
two sets of bent tubes. o ensure the perfect circulation of the water
in the tubes we sometimes use in them internal tubes, or in substitution
therefor a dividing plate. This latter plan offers this advantage, that
the plate may be bent with the tube, and does not necessitate the
forming of the tube with joints as is the case when internal tubes are
employed. The object of the internal tube or plate is to allow of or
form a separate passage for the descent of the water which bas parted
with its steam into the tube connecting chamber, so as not to interfere
with the upward current of steam and water. We propose in some
cases to construct fire-boxes with tubes placed at an angle over the fire-
grate, and having one bent leg, these bent legs forming or partly forming
one side of the fire-box and connecting with the tube connecting
chamber. The other ends of the tube which are placed at an angle to
promote the circulation of the water are fixed in a plate forming one
side of an upper tube connecting chamber placed upright or nearly so,
which chamber also forms one side of the fire-box, and is fitted with an
internal circulating plate, which plate auswers the same purpose as the
dividing plate in the circulating tubes herein-before mentioned. This

page_text: upright chamber, to the exact shape of which wo do not confine
ourselves, though we prefer to make it rectangular, is of sufficient
height to allow of ample steam room. This chamber is provided with
ends which are connected or united as one with the lowor tube chamber,
and these ends have also circulating plates which assist in circulating
the water. We sometimes make the tubes by rolling or otherwise
forming a long sheet or strip of metal into an O shape, the two sides of
the strip being bent outwards so as to forin two parallel ribs or tails to
the O, and these ribs we unite by welding or otherwise, or a rib may be
attached to a tube by rivetting for the same purpose.
For the purpose
of regulating or shutting off the draught as may bo required we use
dampers, which in most cases we place at the smoke box end of the
tubulous generator herein-after described. These dampers are made in
such manner that the passages through which the products of com-
bustion pass close gradually first at the top or upper openings, and
until the whole passage is closed if required. Should the action of the
fire be greater at one side of the tubulous generator than the other the
damper may be used to close the passages of that side, so as to equalize
the heat over the whole tube surface.
II. Our improvements consist, secondly, in the peculiar construction
of what we call for distinction the tubulous generator, which is placed
between the furnace and the smoke box and is for the purpose of
utilizing the greater part of the heat in its passage from the furnace to
the uptake or chimney. This generator is composed chiefly of tubes set
vertically or nearly so, and closed at their upper ends. The bottom ends
of the tubes are screwed or otherwise secured in the top plate of a
receiver or vessel of sufficient strength to withstand with safety any
required pressure. These tubes are placed at a sufficient distance apart
to allow of an opening or passage between each tube.
These passages
serve as flues, and the heated gases passing through the openings
between the tubes strike and embrace cach tube with such energy that
nearly all the heat is abstracted from the gases and utilized before they
enter the uptake or chimney. The generator is enclosed in a casing so
nade us to be air-tight or nearly so, or the casing may be made with
water partitions so as to form walls on the outside. In some cases we
enclose the generator by rows of generating tubes of larger diameter and
placed closely together. These rows of tubes form walls or sides to
enclose the generator, and each tube of the rows is connected with the
receiver in the same manner as the inner tubes of the generator. When

page_text: we form the walls or sides in the manner described a very light outside
casing serves to render the whole air-tight. This casing is provided with
a cover, which can be removed if necessary to examine and repair the
tubes. The outer tubes, and the inner if preferred, can be made of the
O section with rib, as herein-before described. We provide any convenient
number of baffle plates placed parallelly with the tubes, and one or
more horizontal baffle plates. The receiver or vessel to which the
generating tubes are connected is divided into two parts or compartments
by a plato which is placed below and parallel to the receiver top or tube
plate. The upper compartment to which the generating tubes one
connected is filled with water, and the generating tubes likewise contain
water up to two-thirds or three-fourths their length, the remaining one.
third or one-fourth being left for steam room. The lower or bottom
part of the receiver is for steam, and is connected to the steam space in
the generating tubes by smaller tubes or steam pipes, one of which goes
up the inside of each of the generating tubes to the top o: neatly
so, and withdraws the steam generated in the generating tubes into
the steam compartment of the receiver. These smaller tubes or steam
pipes are screwed or otherwise secured into the plate which separates
the water compartment from the steam compartment of the receiver.
In order to secure the circulation of the water in the generating
tubes we insert in each tube a dividing plate, or instead thereof
a tube of sufficient size to allow a nearly equal area in the spaces
between the generating tubes and the smaller tubes or steam pipes
and the circulating tubes. In use the upward current in the tube is on
that side of the tube on which the current of heat impinges. The
dividing plate or tube reaches to nearly the water line or level. In
some cases we substitute for the bent tubes and the tube connecting
chamber herein-before described water sheet spaces, placed at an angle
and connecting with the water space forming the farther side or wall of
fire-box The tubulous generator may be placed at the front or at the
side of or over the furnace, or in other position should circumstances
require it, and we propose using any description of furnace or fire-box.
The tubulous generator may be constructed independently of the fire-box
or furnace the connection between them being made by suitable steam
and water pipes, and it may be held in position by stays so that the
generator and fire-box may be readily detached, or the fire-box and the
generator may be made as one. When necessary the furnace or fire-
box may be made of fire-brick or similar material suitable. In con-

page_text: structing the tubulous generator we do not bind ourselves to make tho
receiver herein before mentioned in the exact manner described; it may,
for example, be made of tubes into which the generating tubes are led
and then secured.
III. Our improvements consist, thirdly, in the construction and use
of a vessel or vessels, to the exact form or shape of which we do not
confine ourselves, but it or they must always be of sufficient strength to
withstand without straining the full pressure of the boiler, and the vessel
or vessels must be of sufficient capacity to supply the boiler with such a
quantity of water as may be determined upon as necessary, should an
accident temporarily prevent the supply of water to the boiler by the
nsual pump injector or other boiler feed arrangement. This vessel is so
placed that its water line is on the same level with the boiler or tubulous
generator, to which it is connected by suitable pipes.
1V. Our improvements consist, fourthly, in the construction of
surface condensers and refrigerators. In constructing a condenser we
place any convenient number of tubes of a similar construction to those
used in our multitubulous generator (that is to say, closed at the top)
in a tube plate forming the top of a condensing chamber or vessel.
This vessel is divided by a second tube plate for the purpose of carrying
a series of tubes corresponding in number with the larger tubes. These
smaller tubes are open at each end, and are so disposed as to pass each
tube up one of the larger tubes closed at the top. This inner tube will
adinit the steam to be condensed freely to the surface of the larger tube
without its being in any way interfered with by the descending
condensed water. The condensing water is applied to the outer surface
of the larger tubes, the arrangement just described being placed in a
suitable tank or vessel, and the circulation is promoted by pamps or
other suitable arrangement while the condensing ater is made to
come into contact with every portion of the surface of the tubes by
menus of plates placed alternately in the top and bottom or ends of the
tank. The top plates coming near to but not in contact with the bottom
of tank, and the bottom plates coming near to but not in contact with
the top of tank, so that a series of parallel passages are formed, and the
condensing water is caused to alternately flow or pass up and down these
passages from end to end of the tank. It will be obvious that with some
slight modifications this arrangement will be applicable as a refrigerator
for brewers and other purposes.
'

page_text: In some cases, where it is important to economise or utilize the quantity
of water used for condensing, we divide the receiver into a number of com-
partments, and we also divide the condensing tubes into a number or series
of tubes to correspond with the compartments. Each series of tubes we
connect directly with a separate compartment. The passage of the steam
or water from one compartment to the other in the series is through the
internal pipes or tubes, which are secured to the tube plates of the various
compartments and extend from them to nearly the top of condensing tubes.
We connect the condensing tubes to the top or tube plate of the upper
compartment or top of the receiver and to the several compartments
below each other by means of short tubes, which are secured to the tube plates
of the several compartments, and reach to and fit tightly into the ends of the
condensing tubes. When we use this arrangement we introduce the steam
to be condensed to either the upper or lower compartiment, and from thence
to the other compartments through the internal pipes. The first compart-
ment when the steam is introduued receives the greater part, and the last
compartment the least. We also introduce the condensing water to the
condensing tank, and pass it through the tubes in like manner, that is to
say, the tubes which are connected with the compartment where there is
least heat receive the condensing water first and therefore coldest, and the
condensing water comes in contact last with the tubes which receive the
steam first.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Stewart and Thomas Charlton in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 3rd December 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
STEWART, of Poplar, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, and
THOMAS CHARLTON, of Ashford, in the County of Kent, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Stewart and Thomas Charlton, Her special licence that we,
the said John Stewart and Thomas Charlton, our executors,

page_text: I.. II., and III., and having figures and letters of reference marked
thereupon, the like letter being used to denote a similar or corresponding
part in each Figure.
1. Our improvements in the furnaces or fire-boxes of steam boilers
cousist in placing side by side tubes of a diameter suitable for the size
and breadth of furnace. These tubes are placed over the furnace at an
angle sufficiently great to ensure the perfect circulation of the water
contained in them. Each tube we sometimes make with two bends or
legs, an upper and a lower one; the lower leg forms one side of
the fire-box or furnace; the other leg is bent in the opposite direction.
The legs forming the side of the fire-box we connect to a suitable water
space or chamber, which we herein-after call the tube connecting
chamber, by means of flanges. These flanges are united to the sides or
ends of the tubes by either welding, brazing, screwing, or other means.
The flanges are rivetted or bolted to the tube connecting chamber. In
some cases we propose to connect the tubes to the tube connecting
chamber in the manner in which the tubes are connected to the tube
plates in ordinary multitubular boilers. When we connect in this
manner we place the tubes at such a distance apart as not to diminish
to an injurious degree the strength of the metal forming the tube con-
necting chamber or as an alternative we place the tubes so as to touch
or nearly touch each other, but reduce the size of the end of each tube;
or we may for the same purpose place in each tube a diminishing piece.
which may be brazed, welded, or screwed to the tube. We prefer to fit,
the tubes in the tube plate of the tube connecting chamber by means
of an instrument known as a tube expander, and have in the bottoin of
the tube connecting chamber opposite each tube a plug hole or opening
somewhat larger than the tube opening for the purpose of introducing
the tube expander for fixing the tube in the tube plate. The plug
hole is tapped and fitted with a screwed plug. The upper leg of each
tube is connected by a pipe or tube with a steam receiver or chamber,
each tube being of such a length that its upper portion forms a steam
space. Each tube is connected by means of a plate or flange to a
series of straight pipes, tubos, or a water space or spaces forming the
other side or wall of furnace or fire-box. This plate or flange, which
unites the two sides or walls of fire-box of furnace firmly together, is
secured to the tubes by means of bults or studs, internal flanges being

page_text: provided in the upper end of each tube for that purpose. The plate
or flange before spoken of has a passage formed in it for the purpose,
firstly, of connecting the steam spice of rack tube, and, secondly, of
connecting these steam spaces with the smaller tubes leading into the
steam receiver. The lower or bottom ends of the straight tubes, pipes,
or water spaces herein-before mentioned as forming one wall or side
of the fire-box are united to the tube connecting chamber in a similar
manner to that before described for the bent tube on the opposite side.
In some cases we lead or enter the upper ends of the straight and bent
tubes forming the fire-box into a steam or a steam and water tube
connecting chamber with the tube expanding instrument in the saine
manner as before described with reference to the lower ends of the
bent tube. In larger boilers where wider furnaces are required we
propose to use two sets of bent tubes. To ensure the perfect circula-
tion of the water in the tubes we sometimes use in them internal tubes,
or in substitution therefor a dividing plate. This latter plan offers
this advantage, that the plate may be bent with tube and does not
necessitate the forming of the tube with joints as is the case when
internal tubes are employed. The object of the internal tube or plato
is to allow of or form a separate passage for the descent of the water
which has parted with its steam into the tube connecting chamber, so
as not to interfere with the upward current of steam and water.
We
propose in some cases to construct fire-boxes with tubes placed at an
angle over the firo-grate and having ene bent leg, these beut legs
forming or partly forming one side of the fire-box and connecting with
the tube connecting chamber. The other ends of the tube, which are
placed at an angle to promote the circulation of the water, are fixed in
a plate forming one side of an upper tube connecting chamber, placed
upright or nearly so, which chamber also forms one side of the fire-
box and is fitted with an internal circulating plate, which plate answers
the same purpose as the dividing plate in the circulating tubes herein-
before mentioned. This upright chamber, to the exact shape of which
we do not confine ourselves, though we prefer to make it rectangular,
is of suflicient height to allow of ample steam roon. This chamber
is provided with ends which aro connected or united as one with the
lower tube chambers, and these ends have also circulating platos which
assist in circulating the water. We sometimes mako the tubes by
rolling or otherwise forming a long sheet or strip of metal into an O
shape, the two sides of the strip being bent outwards so as to form two

page_text: parallel ribs or tails to the O, and these ribs we unite by welding or
otherwise, or a rib may be attached to a tube by rivetting for the same
purpose. For the purpose of regulating or shutting off the draught as
may be required we use dampers, which in most cases we place at the
smoke box end of the tubulous generator herein-after described. These
dampers are made in such manner that the passages through which
the products of combustion pass close gradually first at the top or
upper openings and until the whole passage is closed if required.
Should the action of the fire be greater at one part of the tubulous
generator than the other the damper may be used to close the passages
of that side so as to equalize the heat over the whole tube surface.
II. Our improvements consist, secondly, in the peculiar construction
of what we call for distinction the tubulous generator, which is placed
between the furnace and the smoke box, and is for the purpose of
utilizing the greater part of the heat in its passage from the furnace
to the uptake or chimney. This generator is composed chiefly of tubes
set vertically, or nearly so, and closed at their upper ends. The bottom
ends of the tubes are screwed or otherwise secured in the top plate of
a receiver or vessel of sufficient strength to withstand with safety any
required pressure. These tubes are placed at a sufficient distance apart
to allow of an opening or passage between each tube. These passages
serve as flues, and the heated gases passing through the openings between
the tubes strike and embrace each tube with such energy that nearly
all the heat is abstracted from the gases, and utilized before they enter
the uptake or chimney. The generator is enclosed in a casing so made
as to be air-tight or nearly so; or the casing may be made with water
partitions so as to form walls on the outside. In some cases we enclose
the generator by rows of generating tubes of larger diameter, and
placed closely together. These rows of tubes form walls or sides to
enclose the generator, and each tube of the rows is connected with the
receiver in the same manner as the inner tubes of the generator. When
we form the walls or sides in the manner described a very light out-
side casing serves to render the whole air-tight. This casing is provided
with a cover, which can be removed if necessary to examine and repair
the tubes. The outer tubes, and the inner if preferred, can be made of
the O section with rib, as herein-before described. We provide any con-
venient number of baffle plates placed parallelly with the tubes and

page_text: one or more horizontal balle plates. The receiver or vessel to which
the generating tubes are connected is divided into two parts or compart-
ments by a plate which is placed below and parallel to the receiver top
or tube plate. The upper compartiment, to which the generating tubes
are connected, is filled with water, and the generating tubes likewise
contain water up to two-thirds or three-fourths their length, the re-
maining one-third or one-fourth being left for steam room. The lower
or bottom part of the receiver is for steam and is connected to the steam
space in the generating tubes by smaller tubes or steam pipes, one of which
goes up the inside of each of the generating tubes to the top or nearly
so, and withdraws the steam generated in the generating tubes into the
steam compartment of the receiver. The smaller tubes or steam pipes
are screwed or otherwise secured into the plate which separates the
water compartment from the steam compartiment of the receiver. In
order to secure the circulation of the water in the generating tubes we
insert in each tube a dividing plate, or instead thereof a tube of sufficient
size to allow a nearly equal area in the spaces between the generating
tubes and the smaller tubes or steam pipes and the circulating tubes.
In use the upward current in tho tube is on that side of the tube on
which the current of heat impinges. The dividing plate or tube
reaches to nearly the water line or level. In some cases we substitute for
the bent tubes and the tube connecting chamber, herein-before described
with reference to the fire-box, water sheet spaces placed at an angle and
connecting with the water space forming the farther side or wall of
fire-box. The tubulous generator may be placed at the front or at the
sido of or over the furnace or in other position should circumstances
require it, and we propose using any description of furnace or fire-box.
The tubulous generator may be constructed independently of the fire-
box or furnace, the connection between them being made by suitable
steam and water pipes, and it may be held in position by stays, so that
the generator and fire-box may be readily detached; or the fire-box and
generator may be made as one. When necessary the furnace or fire-
box may be made of fire-brick or other similar material suitable. In
constructing the tubulous generator we do not bind ourselves to make
the receiver herein-before mentioned in the exact manner described; it
may, for example, be made of tubes into which the generating tubes are
led and then secured.
That part of our Invention just described us relating to fire-boxes or

page_text: furnaces and multitubulous or multitubulous and water sheet boilers will
be found illustrated by Figures 1 to 10 in the Drawings.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation, and Figure 2 a transverse section
of a multitubulous boiler; Figures 3 and 4 are similar views of
another form of multitubulous boiler; Figure 5 illustrates another
variety of the same description, Figure 6 being a section through
the side or top of the fire-box of the same. In these Drawings the
bent tubes are marked a, the tube connecting chamber 6, the steam
chamber c, the dividing plates whether in the tubes, water spaces, or
chambers of the fire-box are marked d.
In those parts of the Drawings illustrating the construction of the
tubulous generator the circulating tubes (within the tubes closed at
the upper ends), are marked e, and when dividing plates are used
instead of the tubes these plates are in the generator marked e¹.
The steam withdrawing tubes are marked f, and the receiver g, g', the
upper part or water space being g and the lower or steam part g¹.
The peculiar construction and arrangement of the three tubes will be
found illustrated in Figure 7, while shews the arrangement when the
dividing plate is used.
This part of our Invention relating to fire-boxes and furnaces is
further illustrated by reference to Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, Figure 9,
being a longitudinal section and Figure 10 a transverse section of a
multubulous locomotive boiler; Fig. 11 a longitudinal section, and
Figure 12 a transverse section of a multitubulous and water sheet
boiler. In Figure 15 will be found the bent tubes with two bends or
legs, as described in the opening or first part of the section marked I. of
this Specification.
III. Our improvements consist, thirdly, in the construction and use
of a vessel or vessels, to the exact form or shape of which we do not.
confine ourselves, but it or they must always be of sufficient strength
to withstand without straining the full pressure of the boiler, and the
vessel or vessels must be of sufficient capacity to supply the boiler
with such a quantity of water as may be determined upon as necessary,
should an accident temporarily prevent the supply of water to the boiler
by the usual pump injector or other boiler feed arrangement. This
vessel is so placed that its water line is on the same level with the
boiler or tubulous generator, to which it is connected by suitable pipes.

page_text: One mode or way of applying and using this vessel or reservoir will
be found illustrated in Figures 13 and 14. The vessel or reservoir
is marked h.
IV. Our improvements consist, fourthly, in the construction of
surface condensers and refrigerators. In constructing a condenser we
place any convenient number of tubes of a similar construction to
those used in our multitubulous generator (that is to say, closed at the
top) in a tube plate i, Figure 15, forming the top of a condensing
chamber or vessel. This vessel is divided by a second tube plate for
the purpose of carrying a series of tubes e corresponding in number
with the larger tubes. These smaller tubes e are open at each ond and
are so disposed as to pass each tube up one of the larger tubes closed
at the top. This inner tube will admit the steam to be condensed
freely to the surface of the larger tube without its being in any way
interfered with by the descending condensed water. The condensing
water is applied to the outer surface of the larger tubes, the arrange-
ment just described being placed in a suitable tank or vessel, and the
circulation is promoted by pumps or other suitable arrangement, while
the condensing water is made to come into contact with every portion
of the surface of the tubes by means of plates placed alternately in
the top and bottom or ends of the tank, the top plates coming near to
but not in contact with the bottom of tank, and the bottom plates
coming near to but not in contact with the top of tauk, so that a series
of parallel passages are formed, and the condensing water is caused to
alternately flow or pass up and down these passages from end to end
of the tank. It will be obvious that with some slight modifications,
this arrangement will be applicable as a refrigerator for brewing and
other purposes, and a refrigerator so constructed is shewn in Figure 16.
In some cases, where it is important to economise or utilize the
quantity of water used for condensing, we divide the receiver into a
number of compartments, and we also divide the condensing tubes
into a number or series of tubes to correspond with the compartments.
Each series of tubes we connect directly with a separate compartiment.
The passage of the steam or water from one compartment to the other
in the series is through the internal pipes or tubos, which are secured
to the tube plates of the various compartments, and extend from them
to nearly the top of condensing tubes. We connect the condensing
tubes to the top or tubo plate of the upper compartiment or top of

page_text: the receiver and to the several compartments below each other by
means of short tubes, which are secured to the tube plates of the several
compartments and reach to and fit tightly into the ends of the condensing
tubes. When we use this arrangement we introduce the steam to
be condensed to either the upper or lower compartment, and from
thence to the other compartments through the internal pipes. The
first compartment when the steam is introduced receives the greater
part, and the last compartment the least. We also introduce the
condensing water to the condensing tank, and pass it through the tubes
in like manner, that is to say, the tubes which are connected with
the compartment where there is least heat receive the condensing
water first, and therefore coldest, and the condensing water comes in
contact last with the tubes which receive the steam first.
Figure 17 shews another variety of condenser with the closed tubes
set at an angle In this arrangement no internal tubes are used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
we wish it to be clearly understood that what we claim is,-
Firstly. The construction of furnaces or fire-boxes of bent tubes or
water sheet spaces in such manner that these tubes or water sheets
form the walls or sides of fire-boxes and become effective for the purpose
of assisting in the rapid generation of steam.
Secondly. The construction of a tubulous generator chiefly of tubes
closed at their upper ends, each such tube having an internal circulating
tube or dividing plate in combination with a small steam withdrawing
tube; also the setting of the enclosed tubes in a receiver in such manne
as to allow of the passage of the heated air or gases between them, and
the gases impinging more fiercely on one side of the tube cause the
circulation of water and the production of steam, which steam as it is
generated is withdrawn into the reservoir below, and by means of the
steam withdrawing tube which we particularly claim, also the construc-
tion of the outer walls or casing of tubulous generator, in some instances
of tubes, in others of water spaces.
Thirdly. In forming the fire-box or the tubulous generator we some-
times use parallel or conical tubes closed at one end and secured with
water sheet sides at their other ends. The tubes are so placed that
the first tube enters the water sheet space at one side of the fire-box,
the second enters the water sheet space at the opposite side, and so

page_text: on alternately through the whole series. We claim this plan, and the
securing of the generating tubes in some cases into these cross tubes,
and the particular arrangement of tubes as illustrated in Figure 1.0 in
the Drawings.
Fourthly. The use of screw plugs for facilitating the use of the
tube expander or instrument for fixing the tubes in position.
Fifthly. The use of a water reservoir or vessel capable of with-
standing the steam pressure in the boiler, and arranged so as to supply
the boiler with water and thereby preventing injury thereto on such
an emergency as the donkey pump injector or other boiler feed arrange-
ment ceasing to act from any cause.
Sixthly. The application of the peculiar arrangement of closed tubes
with or without internal tubes and dividing plates for the purpose of
forming surface condensers or refrigerators.
We claim all the foregoing as herein in this Specification described or
in the accompanying Drawings illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Charlton, on behalf of the
said John Stewart and of myself, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
THOMAS CHARLTON. (L.S.)