NEWLY INVENTED MACHINE FOR THE MAKING OF NAILS, SCREWS, AND THE WORKING OF ALL METALLIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1816

page_text: TION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTHONY
GILCHRIST, of Worship Square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most. Excellent Majesty King George. the. Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at the
Palace of Westminster, the Fifteenth day of August, in the fifty-sixth year of
His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Anthony Gilchrist, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Anthony Gilchrist, my executors,
administrators, and assigns; during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion
of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my "NEWLY INVENTED MACHINE FOR THE MAKING
OF NAILS, SCREWS, AND THE WORKING OF ALL METALLIC SUBSTANCES; in which
Letters Patent there is contained a. proviso, obliging me, the said Anthony
Gilchrist, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed;
to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and the same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Anthony Gilchrist, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described in
the Plans hereunto anexed, and the description herein-after contained, and in
manner following, that is to say :-
First, my said machine consists of three, four; or more wheels of the same
diameter, and which for the purposes of my Invention are not confined to any
particular dimensions, but may be constructed according to the magnitude of
the work for which or to the convenience of the premises in which they are to
be used. These wheels are made of iron, or any other metal or substance
sufficiently strong to be used in machinery; upon the outer side or circumference
of each of these wheels I fit an iron rim plate or frame, steeled, which rim
plate or frame I fix firmly upon the wheel by any of the means now in use;
I then turn or otherwise shape the peripheries of the said wheels, having the
said rims, plates, or frames affixed in a wedge-like form, (that is to say,)
tapering from that part of the circumference or félly which is nearest to the
axis to the outer edge of the same, and the wedges or angles so made I make
proportionate to the number of these wheels intended to be used in one
machine. These wheels, having the axles fitted and accurately turned, are
fixed in a stock or frame, so as to revolve freely on their axes, and in such
manner that the angular edge of the peripheries of all the wheels meet in one
common centre. Thus placed, they are connected together by cogs or teethed
wheels, all of which have an equal number of teeth, and may be fixed either to
the side of the peripheries of the first-mentioned wheels or upon the axles of
the same; one of these wheels being set in motion by any power already in
use (of which it is my intention of availing myself), communicates by reason of
the connecting cogs or toothed wheels an uniform and equal motion to the
whole of the first-described wheels, converging inwards the common centre of
the same wheels. Having thus constructed and fixed my wheels, I then cut,
engrave, or impress upon the angular edge of each of the said rims, plates, or
frames some portion or part of the nail, screw, or other thing I intend to make
or form, taking care that the several parts so cut, engraved, or impressed shall
come opposite to each other in the revolution of the wheels, and that the
several portions united shall form a compleat and perfect mould of the article
or thing intended to be made. These moulds are in like manner continued in
succession throughout the entire circumference of the rims, plates, or frames.
The wheels furnished with such rims, plates, or frames I call moulding wheels.
I then pass a rod or plate, drawn out to a thickness a little greater than the
thickest part of the thing I intend to make, and heated to a strong red heat
through a funnel fixed above the centre of contact of the moulding wheels,

page_text: which, from being pushed, and by the simultaneous motion of the same wheels,
is drawn down, and passing through the series of moulds is formed into so
many nails, screws, or other things as I may chuse to cut, engrave, mould, or
impress upon my wheels, which being separated or cut one from the other by
the sharp edge of the mould left for that purpose, falls down from the wheels
into receptacle placed below. As the application of many heated rods would
take the temper out of the rims, plates, or frames, I avoid the same by placing
a tin vessel full of cold water beneath each of the moulding wheels, through
which water the rims, plates, or frames pass in making the revolution, and by
this means the same are kept in the proper temper. The above description
shews the nature of my Invention, which may be applied to a variety of pur-
poses, may be composed of any number of impressing or moulding wheels, and
may be put and continued in motion by any power now in use.
And in order that I may, as it is my duty to do, make my Specification
sufficiently plain and intelligible to secure to the public the benefit of my said
Invention at the expiration of the term granted me by the said Letters Patent,
I have annexed to this my Specification, Drawings of my said machine, which
I now proceed to describe.
Figure 1 represents a plan of a machine having four mouldings wheels
A, A, A, A, upon the peripheries of which are fixed the rims, plates, or
frames B, B, B, B. These rims, plates, or frames are made to take off, and
can be replaced by other rims, plates, or frames bearing different engravings
or impressions; their angular surfaces are bevilled according to the purpose for
which I am intending to use them; (as, for instance, if to make a square nail
the angles are right angles; if a flat nail, two of the angles are more obtuse, and
the others, of consequence, acute.) Upon the angular points of these plates
are engraved portions of the nails, screws, and other things I intend to make.
Figure 2 represents a section of one of the wheels with the rim affixed and
moulds engraved upon it.
Having now explained the section, Figure 2, I return to Figure 1.
C, C, C, C, represents the cogs or teethed wheels which connect the moulding
wheels one with the other, which are not confined to any number of teeth, but
only to a similar number, so as to give uniform motion to the moulding wheels.
D, D, are two spur wheels of equal teeth, which are fixed upon the shafts or
axles E, E, of two of the moulding wheels; one of the spur wheels being con-
nected with and receiving motion from a steam engine or other moving power,
turns the moulding wheel upon the shaft of which it is fixed, and also the
other spur wheel, which turns its moulding wheel, and then by the assistance
of the cogs or teethed wheels an uniform motion is communicated to the whole

page_text: of the moulding wheels. F is a cast-iron frame upon which the moulding
wheels rest; their axles are secured by caps. G and turn in brass boxes. His
an adjusting screw to the moulding wheels; I is an iron frame fixed to the
ground upon which the frame F rests, support by five cast-iron pillars.
Figure 3 represents a section of the same machine, in which K, K, represents
the pillars which support the frame F; L represents the copper funnel or
feeder. I also intend to use my machine with two of the moulding wheels
with flat circumferences and not angular; in that case I cut,, engrave, or
impress the moulds upon the flat wheels only, and use the other two wheels
merely to keep the heated metal in the proper place; and I hereby declare
that the use of two flatted wheels only without other or more wheels forms
part of my Invention, and which I shall use.
In witness whereof, I, the said Anthony Gilchrist, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Eleventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
Inrolled the Twelfth day of October, in the year above written.