Improvements in Spinning Machines, specially applicable to the Spinning of Cordage; Yarns, and Twine.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 18th June, 1895-Accepted, 27th July, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spinning Machines, specially applicable to the
Spinning of Cordage; Yarns, and Twine.
I JOHN GOOD of Far Rockaway in the County of Queens and State of New
York, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates more particularly to a spinning machine of the kind
known as the "jenny," used for the spinning of twine, and of yarns for cordage,
and the object of the improvement is to simplify the machine, and to enable it to
be driven at a higher speed than has hitherto been practicable.
The nature of the improvement will be described with reference to the
accompanying drawings, and its novelty will be set forth in claims.
Figs. 1 and 1 represent together a side elevation, partly in section, of a machine
embodying my invention;
Fig. 2 an elevation of the driving end of the machine;
Fig. 3 a transverse vertical section in the line 3, 3 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 a transverse vertical section in the line 4, 4 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 a central longitudinal sectional view of the bobbin and flyer, and their
iminediate appurtenances;
Fig. 6 a central longitudinal sectional view of the friction device which produces
the draught of the yarn or twine between the bobbin & the flyer.
Figs. 7 and 8 are detail views which will be hereinafter explained.
Fig. 9 represents a transverse vertical section of the machine in the line 9, 9 of
Fig: 1".
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.
A is the framing of the machine: B is the main shaft arranged at one end of
the framing, transversely thereto, and furnished with fäst and loose pulleys C C',
which receive motion through the main belt D, which is shipped from one of said
pulleys to the other by a belt shipper D'.
E is a horizontal shaft running lengthwise of the machine, and' deriving motion
from the main shaft. B through bevel gears a. b. This shaft E carries a pulley F
for driving the flyer N N', a pulley G for driving the bobbin P, and an endless
screw H for driving the chains I which carry the gill-pins cc, the said endless
screw H gearing with and driving a worm-gear Jon a transversely arranged
shaft K, which carries a pulley L, from which a belt L' runs to and drives a
pulley M on the driving shaft d of the gill-pin chains I.
The flier N N herein represented consists of a cylinder open at one end and
closed at the other end, by which it is attached to its journal e, which runs in two
journal boxes el on the top of the framing, and is furnished with a pulley e² to
receive the driving belt F1 from the pulley F. This cylinderical flyer is
represented as composed of a metal disc N₁ and cylindrical shell N attached at one
end to said disc: This cylindrical shell I make of a piece of seamless paper
tubing, because that material is very cheap, and enables a flyer having the
necessary stiffness and strength to resist the effects of centrifugal force, to be made
of less weight than a metal flyer of cylindrical form, and therefore to be run at a
higher speed, and with less wear of journals, and to be more easily stopped when

page_text: run at a high velocity. The metal disc N' is represented (see Fig. 5) as formed
with a rim projecting from its face substantially parallel with its axis, for the
purpose of attaching the shell N, which fits tightly over the said rim, and is
attached thereto in any suitable and secure manner, as by screws f. The flyer
thus constructed is furnished internally with sheaves g. hi for guiding the yarn
from its eye to the bobbin. The sheaves i, which are arranged near the mouth
of the flyer, and are attached to the shell N of paper or light material, are pivotted
in metal angle pieces i, which are rivetted or secured to the shell, as indicated
at in Fig. 3. The journal e of this flyer may have a capstan head e³ of any
known or suitable kind.
The bobbin P is represented as carried and driven in a well-known manner by a
central supporting spindle k, and a hollow driving spindle I, through which said
spindle passes freely, the said spindle / being furnished with the pulley ¹ receiving
the driving belt G¹ from the pulley G. The driving spindle / runs in bearings 2
in a carriage P¹, which is fitted to slide in a direction lengthwise of the spindle, in
ways on the top of the framing. When in operation, the supporting spindle k
is supported at its inner end, as shewn at m in. Fig. 5, in a bearing in the inner end
of the flyer journal, but it is always supported both in the hollow driving spindle
and in a fixed bearing in a small stand 'n on the top of the framing. This stand n
is fitted, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, with a vertically sliding bolt n' which abuts
against the outer end of the spindle k, when the said spindle is in its operative
position, and so locks it. This arrangement of the supporting spindle k, and the
means of locking it endwise, are not new, and are only here described as leading
to the further explanation which will be hereinafter made, of the means
of simultaneously locking the said spindle and the traverse screw Q, and
simultaneously unlocking them.
The traverse screw Q turns in a box p in a hanger p', secured to the sliding
carriage P1, the said box containing the usual switch-nut for working either in the
right hand or in the left band thread of the screw. The shaft of said screw also
fits in bearings in two stationary hangers p² p³, dependent from the framing A,
and it is capable of sliding lengthwise outward through and beyond the said
bearing in p². The said shaft is furnished with a bevel gear p, which gears with
a bevel gear q on the upper end of an upright shaft q, which turns in a bearing in
the bottom of the hanger p³, and a second bearing 9 secured to one of the
journals-boxes of the shaft K, the said shaft being furnished on its lower part
with a bevel gear 92, which gears with a bevel gear 3 on the transverse shaft K,
herein before described, the said bevel gear ³, shaft y, and bevel gears 7' and p
thus driving the traverse screw. The traverse screw, when in operation, is
confined longitudinally between its bearings in the hanger p³ and a downward
projection on a hand-lever R (see Figs. 1 and 2), which works on a fixed
fulcrum in the end of the framing outside the banger p²: A laterally-projecting
arm of this lever is connected, as shewn in Fig. 2, by a slot and pin connection 2
with the sliding bolt n', which locks the bobbin supporting spindle k in place. In
the normal position to which this lever is brought by the weight of its laterally
projecting arm, and of the sliding bolt n', the said bolt abuts against and acts as
a stop to lock the spindle k, and at the same time the projection on the hand
lever forms an abutment and a stop to the outer end of the traverse screw, and
both the said spindle and the screw are locked endwise while the machine is in
operation, and until it is desired to remove the bobbin, when the hand-lever is
brought to a position to uncover the outer ends of the said spindle and screw, and
allow both the said spindle and screw to be drawn outwards, the drawing outwards
of the screw being necessary to permit the drawing back of the carriage p¹ and
spindle, to draw the bobbin out of the flyer, because the screw is always engaged
with the said carriage by the switch nut in the box p.
S (Figs. 1 and 6) is the friction disc for producing the draught on the yarn
between the flyer and the bobbin. This friction disc is applied on the shalt E,
and operates against one side of the bobbin driving pulley G. The said disc, is

page_text: formed upon, or rigidly secured to, a sleeve S¹, which is fitted to the said shaft
with a splines and groove s¹, in such manner, that it is compelled to turn with the
said shaft, but is, capable of moving longitudinally thereon. The pulley G is so
fitted to the sleeve S¹, as to be capable of turning thereon, but it is held against
the friction disc S in such manner as to be capable of being turned by the friction
thereof by means of a coil-spring t, which surrounds the sleeve S₁, where it is
encased by a box S3, and held abutting against the said spring by muts t¹ fitted to
a screw-thread on the sleeve. By screwing up these nuts, the spring t is adjusted
to exert a greater or less pressure against the pulley, and so to adjust the friction
which the said pulley receives from the disc S, and thereby adjust the draught on
the yarn, as the flyer is driven positively by the pulley F on the shaft E, while
the bobbin is driven by the friction of the disc S. The sleeve S₁ is journalled, as
shewn at 2 in Fig. 6, in a rigid hanger p2 dependent from the bobbin carriage P',
in such manner that the said sleeve may turn freely in said hanger, but is
compelled by it to move with the said carriage in the traverse movement of the
bobbin, and so to carry the pulley G and the friction disc back and forth along
the shaft E, and keep the pulley G and belt G always in proper relation to the
bobbin pulley k³.
The condenser T, represented in Fig. 1, may be made of any known or suitable
kind, and therefore needs no particular description.
The machine is fitted with a stop motion which provides for stopping it automati-
cally, and almost instantaneously, under the following circumstances, viz.: (1) In
case of interruption of the supply of sliver to the chains of gillpins; (2) in case
of the yarn or twine breaking or being interrupted between the flyer and the
condenser or gill pins (3) when the bobbin has received upon it a certain quantity
of yarn or twine.
The several parts of this stop motion are all upon, or operated
by, two horizontal rockshafts U, V, which are arranged one below the other
lengthwise of the machine, in bearings u and v affixed to the interior of the side of
the framing. The lower shaft U may be termed the "stop shaft," and the upper
one, V, the "tripping shaft."
The stop shaft U, which extends, as shewn in Fig. 1, from the driving end of
the machine, to a little beyond the head of the flyer, is furnished with a hand-
lever U1 (Figs. 1 and 4), which may be termed the "stop lever." The said shaft
is also furnished with an arm u¹ (Figs. 1 and 2) connected with, and operating the
belt shipper D', and is further furnished with an arm u² (Figs. 1 and 3) for throwing
and holding off the brake F2 from the flyer driving pulley F, and with a cam u³
(Figs. 1, 2, and 7) for throwing and holding off the brake G² from the bobbin
driving pulley G. The connection between the arm of the stop shaft and the
belt-shipper D', is of ordinary kind. The arm u² is connected (see Fig. 3) by a
rod u with the flyer-pulley brake F. This brake F2, (which is shewn separately
in Fig. 7) consists of a three-armed lever working on a fixed fulcrum 12, one arm
having the rod u connected with it, another arm carrying the brake shoe us, which
acts on the inside of the rim of the pulley F, and the third arm being connected
with the framing A by the spring u, which always tends to put the brake in
operation, and at the same time acting through the brake lever, the rod u, and the
arm u² of the stop shaft U, always tends to furn the said shaft in a direction to
make its arm u ship the main belt from the fast pulley C to the loose pulley C¹.
This action of the said spring is counteracted, when the machine is in proper
operation, by means of a small lever W, which I call the locking lever, which is
furnished with a hook w, which hooks over a projection w¹ on the hand lever, and
so holds the said lever in a position to keep the brake F2 out of operation, and to
hold the belt shipper in position to keep the belt on the fast pulley.
The brake G2 of the bobbin driving pulley G, which is shewn in Fig. 2, but
more clearly in the separate view Fig. 8, has to move with the said pulley along
the shaft E, and therefore it is attached to the bobbin-carriage. The said brake G2
consists of a lever, the fulcrum 13 of which is affixed to the hanger P2, one arm
of the said lever constituting the brake shoe, and operating on the outer periphery

page_text: of the said pulley, and the other arm being connected with the said hanger by a
spring, which exerts a constant tendency to apply the brake to the pulley, but
the action of which, when the machine is in proper operation, is counterbalanced
by the cam u³ before mentioned on the stop shaft U.
This cam must be of a length, in the direction of the length of the stop shaft,
as shewn in Fig. 1, a little greater than the length of the bobbin traverse, in order
that it may remain operative in all positions of the bobbin.
a
The tripping shaft V, which extends (as shewn in Figs. 1 and 1*) from a position
in rear of the chains I to a position some distance beyond the front end of the
flyer, is furnished with an arm 2 (Figs. 1 and 9), a hook like cam ³ (Figures 1
and 4), which may be termed the "tripping cam," and with an excentric-like
arm (Figs. 1 and 3). The arm v², which is at the rear end of the tripping shaft,
has a wrist-pin 14, which is received in a link or fork 15 on the lower end of a
rod 16, which is suspended from one of two levers 17, in which is journalled the
upper one of the feed rollers 18, 18*, for feeding the sliver to the chains 1 of the
gill pins c the said levers having a fixed fulcrum 19, and being so proportioned that
a very slight upward and downward movement of the feed roller 18* produces
very considerable rise and fall of the rod 16. While there is a proper supply of
sliver to the feed rollers 18, 18*, the rod 16 is so held up, that its link or fork
leaves the wrist pin 14 of the arm 2 of the tripping shaft free, and the tripping
shaft is held against any tendency to turn accidentally in the direction of the arrow
shown near it in Fig. 4, by the engagement of its tripping cam with a small
projection 20, preferably consisting of a friction roller on the hooked locking
lever W, which is then itself locked by the engagement of its hook w with the
projection won the hand lever U', but when the supply of sliver to the rollers 18 18*
is interrupted, the roller 18* comes down so low that, by its action through the
levers 17 and the rod 16, the upper end of the link 15 of the said rod will bear
down on the arm 2 of the tripping V, and the said shaft will thereby be caused to
turn in the direction of the arrow shown near it in Fig. 4. The tripping cam v³,
theu, by its action against the projection or roller 20 on the locking lever W, will
lift or
trip the said lever clear of the projection won the stop lever V', and so
liberate the stop lever, and leave the stop shaft free to the action of the spring u,
by which the main belt D is shipped to the loose pulley, and the brakes are brought
into operation to stop the flyer and the bobbin almost instantaneously. It will be
understood that as the traverse screw and the gill pin chains are driven from the
same shaft Fas the flyer and bobbin, all will be stopped together, and at the same
time the feed rollers 18 18* will be stopped, as these rollers are driven by a
belt 21 running to a pulley 22 on the roller 18 from a pulley 23 on the chain
shaft 24.
For the purpose of causing the stoppage of the machine by a disengagement
of the locking lever W from the stop lever U similar to that above described,
whenever the yarn or twine is broken or interrupted between the flier head and
the condenser or the gill pin chains, the locking lever is furnished with an upward
prolongation 25 towards the flyer head 3, as shown in Fig. 4, and there is provided
in the flyer head, opposite this prolongation, a centrifugal tripping tappet Y, con-
sisting of a short pin which is fitted loosely within and projects through a hole
or mortise bored or cut transversely through the flyer head. In this tappet there
is a hole 28 large enough for the yarn or twine to pass freely through. One of
the projecting ends of the said tappet is represented as provided with a head 26,
and the other as having a piu 27 inserted through it, to prevent it from coming
altogether out of the flyer head, and one end, for instance, that which has the head,
is made heavier than the other, so that when the flyer is in motion, the centrifugal
force developed in the said tappet will tend to make the tappet fly out in one
direction from the flyer head, but while there is any yarn or thread passing
through the hole in the tappet, that will counteract this tendency. When, however,
the yarn or twine is broken or interrupted, there will be no restraint to the
centrifugal tendency, and the tappet will instantly fly out far enough, to strike the

page_text: prolongation 25 of the locking lever W, and so to throw the said locking lever
out of engagement with the stop lever U₁, and leave the stop shaft free to the
action of the spring us, which produces the stoppage of the machine, as before
explained.
The excentric-like arm vt (Fig. 3) on the tripping shaft V is for the purpose of
stopping the machine when the proper quantity of yarn or twine has been spun onto
the bobbin P. This arm is situated near the mouth or open end of the flyer,
and in such position (see Fig. 3) that when the tripping shaft is in position for the
proper operation of the machine, the heads of the bobbin may pass clear of the
said arm, to permit the bobbin to pass into the flyer. When a body of yarn on
the bobbin arrives at a certain circumference, its outer coils will come against, and
so press down the said arm, and turn the tripping shaft V, as to produce the action
of the tripping cam v on the locking lever, as herein before described, for disengaging
the stop lever and causing the stoppage of the machine. It may be here mentioned,
that the arm is not necessarily of excentric-like form, but is merely made round,
to prevent any loose portions or fibres of the yarn from catching on it.
After the machine has been automatically stopped in any of the ways herein-
above described, or after it has been stopped under any circumstances, and when
it has been again started by pulling outward the stop lever U₁ by hand, and
thereby shipping the belt D on to the fast pulley C, and throwing off the brake F2,
the locking lever W is operated by hand, to re-engage with the projection won
the stop lever, and lock the latter lever. By this re-engaging movement of the
locking lever, the projection 20 on the said lever is made to do so act upon the
tripping cam v³, as to turn the tripping shaft into the position in which it is ready
to trip the locking lever W by the filling up of the bobbin, or by the interruption
of the sliver between the feed rollers 18, 18*, in which position also the cam u³ on
the said shaft also holds the spindle pulley brake G2 out of operation.
The same
movement of the locking lever brings its upper arm 25 into position to be operated
by the action of the centrifugal flyer tappet, as hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
1. The combination in a spinning flyer, of a metal disc having an attached
journal and a cylindrical shell of a material lighter than metal fastened to said
disc, substantially as herein set forth.
2. The combination in a spinning flyer of a metal disc having an attached
journal, a cylindrical shell of a material lighter than metal fastened to said disc,
sheaves attached to said disc, and sheaves attached to said cylindrical shell,
substantially as herein set forth.
3. The combination with the bobbin carriage and bobbin driving spindle and a
traverse screw for moving said carriage, of a pulley on said spindle, a driving shaft
and a driving pulley thereon for driving the said pulley on the bobbin driving
spindle, a connection between the said driving pulley and the bobbin carriage,
whereby the said driving pulley is moved lengthwise on its driving shaft by the
bobbin carriage, and a driving belt between said pulleys, substantially as herein
set forth.
4. The combination with the bobbin carriage and the bobbin driving spindle in
said carriage furnished with a pulley, of a driving shaft, a driving pulley capable
of turning about said driving shaft, a friction disc fitted to said shaft, to turn
therewith, for driving said driving pulley, a traverse screw for moving the bobbin
carriage, a connection between said carriage and the said friction disc and driving
pulley, whereby the said driving pulley and disc are moved lengthwise on the said
shaft, and a belt between said driving pulley and the pulley on said spindle,
substantially as herein set forth.
5. The combination of a hollow bobbin driving spindle and a carriage therefor,
a traverse screw for moving said carriage, and a nut which connects the said

page_text: carriage with said screw, a bobbin supporting spindle movable lengthwise through
said driving spindle, bearings for said supporting spindle and screw, stops for
preventing the longitudinal movement of said spindle and screw in one direction,
and a connection between said stops, whereby both are movable together to lock
and unlock said spindle and screw, substantially as herein set forth.
6. In a spinning machine comprising an endless series of gill pin bars and gill
pins thereon, the combination with the feed rollers for supplying sliver to the gill
pins, and mechanism for stopping the operation of the machine, of a stop lever for
controlling said mechanism, a locking device for engaging with said stop lever, to
lock it in normal position, to permit the running of the machine, a tripping shaft
having a connection with one of said feed rollers, and a cam on said tripping shaft
for disengaging said locking device from the stop lever, all substantially as herein
described, for producing the stoppage of the machine, in case of interruption of
the supply of sliver to the gill pins.
7. The combination with a spinning flyer and driving mechanism therefor, and
a stop mechanism for stopping the operation of said driving mechanism, of a stop
lever for controlling the operation of said stop mechanism, a locking device for
locking said stop lever, and a centrifugal tappet fitted to the flyer head, for
disengaging the said locking device from said stop lever, on the interruption of
the yarn or twine at the entrance of the flyer, all substantially as herein set
forth.
8. The combination with the spinning flyer having a transversely slotted head
and driving mechanism for said flyer, of a centrifugal tappet passing freely through
the slot in said head, the said tappet having in it an opening for the passage of the
yarn or thread into the flyer and having one end heavier than the other, an
automatic stop mechanism for stopping the operation of said driving mechanism.
and means for causing said tappet to control said stop mechanism substantially as
herein set forth.
9. The combination with a flyer and a bobbin spindle and driving mechanism
therefor, of the stop shaft U arranged parallel with the flyer and bobbin, means
connected with said shaft for stopping the operation of said driving mechanism,
the stop lever U₁ on said stop shaft, the locking lever W for locking said stop
lever, the tripping shaft V arranged parallel with said stop shaft, the tripping
cam on said shaft V, for disengaging said locking lever, and the arm von said
shaft V, to be operated upon by the yarn or twine on a bobbin carried by said
spindle, for producing the operation of said tripping cam, substantially as herein
set forth.
10. The combination with a bobbin-driving spindle and a carriage therefor, a
traverse screw for producing a traverse movement of said carriage, a shaft
for driving said spindle, a brake puiley on said shaft, a connection between
the said pulley and the bobbin carriage, whereby the said pulley is caused
to move along the said shaft, and a spring-actuated brake attached to said carriage,
and means for causing said brake to operate upon the said pulley at any point in
the traverse movement of the carriage, substantially as herein set forth.
11. The combination with a bobbin-driving spindle and a carriage therefor, a
traverse screw for producing a traverse movement of said carriage, a driving shaft
for driving said spindle, a brake pulley on said shaft, a connection between the
said pulley and the bobbin carriage, whereby the said pulley is caused to move
along the said shaft, a spring-actuated brake attached to, and moving with, said
carriage, and means for causing said brake to operate on said pulley, a rock shaft
arranged in fixed bearings parallel with said driving shaft, and a can on said rock
shaft extending lengthwise thereof a distance equal to the length of the traverse
movement of the carriage, for keeping said brake out of operation, throughout the
whole of said movement, substantially as herein set forth.
12. The combination with the driving shaft E, the friction disc S, provided
with a sleeve S¹, having a screw threaded end, and fitted to said shaft, to turn
therewith, but to move longitudinally thereon, the bobbin driving pulley G fitted

page_text: to turn on said sleeve, the coil spring & surrounding said sleeve, and the nut
fitted to the screw-threaded end of said sleeve, for adjusting the pressure of said
spring against the said pulley, and so adjusting the friction between said disc and
pulley, substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this 13th day of Tune 1005
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.