Year: 1887

page_text: ICEORGE CREENWOOD OF ZYTOROM WOLAS, Lects, in
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
__
The object of this invention is to produce a machine which will form the heads upon
metal cartridge cases of large calibre, up to say 34 inches in diameter, and of a length
of say 16 inches.
The machine which I have designed takes the form of a horizontal press having
two massive cast iron cross heads connected together by means of four steel tie bolts.
On the inner face of the one cross head is mounted a crank shaft for giving motion
to the various parts of the machine. On the inner face of the other cross head
is fitted the die holder carrying the heading die which receives the case to be
headed.
Immediately below this die there is made fast to the crosshead a horizontal hollow
axle on which is mounted a circular carriage of peculiar construction for feeding the
cases to the heading die.
To this carriage an intermittent axial motion is imparted for the purpose of presenting
the cartridge cases to the heading die, and then bringing into line a series of plungers
for effecting the heading operation.
The feeding carriage completes its rotation by five equal movements on its axle,
and it is fitted with four plungers of varying lengths, and one extractor, all of which
play in openings in the carriage equidistant from each other and from the axis of the
carriage.
Of the five openings made through the carriage, two of these extend to the periphery
of the carriage.
Into that which I will call No. 1, the cases to be headed are fed from an inclined
plane, to which is fitted an escapement operated by a tappet projecting from the
rotating carriage. Thus, one case only at a time is permitted to enter the carriage,
which, at its next movement, presents the case to the heading die.-A plunger
fitted in opening No. 1, is caused to thrust the case into the heading die, and clear
of the carriage.

page_text: At the next movement of the feeding carriage, a second plunger, fitting
No. 2 opening of the carriage, is caused to drive the case further into the
heading die.
A plunger in the third opening of the carriage is next brought into line with the
case, and caused to strike up the head.
The completion of the head is effected by the fourth plunger fitted in the fourth
opening of the carriage, and it is when this has been effected, that the extractor
fitted in the fifth opening (which extends to the periphery of the carriage) is brought
under the flanged head of the case, for the purpose of releasing it from the
heading dic.
It is while the carriage is in the position for the extractor to act, that a second case
is fed into the machine.
In rear of the intermittently rotating carriage is mounted a slide which carries a
plunger for operating in succession the plungers fitted to the carriage.
This slide is connected with the crank shaft before mentioned, and it is consequently
advanced at every throw of the crank shaft.
The means for imparting an intermittent axial motion to the carriage will be
presently explained, as will also the means for operating the extractor.
At the first stroke of the machine, the case comes in line with the die, and at the
same time a plunger fitting the opening No. 1 of the revolving carriage engages
with the plunger carried by the slide, and pushes the case about one third of its length
into the die.
As the traverse of the slide is uniform, it follows that to produce a progressive
movement of the plungers, their length must proportionately vary.
At the second stroke of the machine, the plunger No. 2 comes into play, and
pushes the case another third of its length into the die; at the third stroke, plunger
No. 3 pushes the case home, and forms the head; at the 4th stroke, plunger No. 4
completes the head. At the fifth stroke, the case is extracted, and the cycle of
movements is completed. During the next cycle, the case falls away from the
carriage down a curved shoot to a suitable receptacle. By thus feeding the cases
into the die by stages, it will be seen that long cartridge cases may be headed in a
machine having only a short stroke, and therefore of much greater power than it
would be possible to secure in a long stroke machine.
Another advantage of this invention is due to the division of the heading operation
into two.
The heading die is fitted with a mandril to receive the case, and a shoulder
for the mandril to bed against is formed in the die by an adjustable screwed
sleeve.
Projecting inward through this sleeve, and entoring a socket in the rear end of the
mandril, is a sliding rod carried by a cross bar, the opposite ends of which connect
with the plunger slide operated by the crank shaft.
As, therefore, this slide recedes, an end way motion will be given to the mandril,
which, at the proper time, will thrust forward the headed case, to be caught by the
extractor.
This extractor is formed with a tang or tail piece which plays in an elongated slot
cut through the boss or centre of the carriage, the length of the slot being in excess
of the length of the case intended to be headed.
Corresponding with this slot, there is a longitudinal slot made in the fixed hollow
axle to allow of a finger or bowle projecting through from a central rod to act upon
the tail of the extractor.
This longitudinal slot terminates in an annular groove for receiving the tail of the
extractor when in its normal position in the carriage, and thus allow of the free axial
motion of the carriage.
As the extractor is required to act only after the fifth throw of the crank shaft, the
rod in the hollow axle receives its reciprocations indirectly from that shaft; thus, the
sliding rod is pivotted to a central arm from a rock shaft in rear of the die
block, which rock shaft, through a second arm, is connected by a rod to a

page_text: pivotted lever which carries a bowle working in the groove of a face cam on the
crank shaft.
This arrangement ensures the requisite long traverse of the extractor, it being
brought into effective use at every fifth rotation of the crank shaft.
For imparting the intermittent axial motion to the carriage, there is fitted to
the carriage a spur wheel, into which gears a pinion carried by a longitudinal shaft
mounted in bearings carried by the bed of the machine.
The outer end of this shaft has keyed to it a ratchet wheel, and upon it is
mounted loosely a pinion carrying a pawle which takes into the teeth of the ratchet
wheel.
Gearing into this pawled pinion is a rack carried in guides attached to the crank
shaft crosshead.
This rack is pivotted to a rock lever which is fitted at its upper end with a bowle for
entering a grooved cam mounted on the crank shaft.
As this shaft rotates, the lever will be rocked, and a reciprocating motion will be
imparted to the rack. By this means an intermittent axial motion will be given to the
carriage, the return motion of the rack causing the pawle of the pawle pinion to slip
over the teeth of the ratchet wheel.
The return of the carriage plungers to their normal position, after acting upon the
cartridge case, may be effected in various ways. I prefer, however, to cut, in the
rear ends of the plungers, a segment groove, T shaped in cross section, and concentric
with the rotating carriage.
A fixed inclined segment shaped cam, corresponding in section to the groove, and
placed in the plane of rotation of the plungers, will, by the rotation of the carriage,
enter these grooves, and thereby draw back the plungers as they severally pass over
the interlocking cam.
To prevent the plungers from moving axially, they are formed with a feather, which
slides in a key groove cut in the plunger seats.
In my improved construction of cartridge case heading machine, it will be seen that
the great strain required for heading is taken by the two cross heads, and the four
steel tie bolts, in a perfectly central position.
This is important, as the estimated total pressure required is about 500 tons.
Dated this 8th day of December 1887.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: .
I. GEORGE GREENWOOD of Albion Works, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of this invention is to produce a machine which will form the flanged
heads upon metal cartridge cases of large calibre up to say 3 inches in diameter, and
of a length of say 16 inches.
The machine which I have designed takes the form of a horizontal press having
two massive cast iron cross heads connected together by means of four steel tie bolts.
On the inner face of the one cross head is mounted a crank shaft for giving motion
to the various operating parts by which the cases to be headed are presented to the
heading die, and to the action of a series of plungers and to a cartridge extractor.
On the inner face of the other cross head is fitted the die holder carrying the
heading die, which receives the case to be headed.
In the accompanying Drawings,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the right hand end of the machine.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken in the line 1, 2 of Fig. 1, looking in the
direction of the arrow, the means for supplying the cases to the machine and
discharging them therefrom being removed.
Fig. 4 is a partial transverse section shewing in place the feeding and delivery
shoots.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the rotary carriage which receives the cases from
the feeding shute, presents them to the heading die, and discharges them, when
headed, into the delivery shute. This section is taken in the line 3, 4 of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section, on an enlarged scale, of the carriage, the heading
die, and the parts in connection therewith, for resisting the pressure of the heading
plungers.
A A are the cross heads of the press, which are connected together by steel tie
bolts A2 A3 A4 A³.
Bolted to the foot of the cross head A, is a table B, which is fitted to receive a
slide B that carries a plunger 13².
This slide is connected to a short throw crank shaft B3 mounted in bearings on the
inner face of the cross head A.
The plunger B2 is in line with the heading die C, which is fitted in a holder (
bolted to the crosshead A¹, and between the plunger and die is mounted the rotating
carriage D, which presents the cases to the heading die. This carriage is a cylindrical
casting with two steps or rebates on its front face, the object of the rebates being
virtually to reduce the length of the carriage at different parts of the periphery.

page_text: This carriage D is mounted loosely on a horizontal hollow axle D¹ made fast to the
crosshead A¹ immediately below the die C, and it is bored longitudinally with a ring
of holes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, two of which, namely, 1 and 5, are extended laterally to the
periphery of the carriage and form chambers for the purpose to be presently explained,
whilst the other holes serve merely as guides for propelling plungers.
In the rear ends of the several holes 1, 2, 3 and 4, propelling plungers d' d³ ³ d²,
of varying lengths, are loosely fitted, and they are so arranged with respect to the
heading die C, that they may be severally brought up into coincidence with that die,
and consequently also into coincidence with the plunger B.
The plungers d'd d³ d' are grooved transversely at their back ends to a T shape in
section, and the plunger B2 carries at its forward end a corresponding segment
shaped projection for interlocking with these plungers in succession as they are
severally brought round into line with the plunger B.
The object of this interlocking is to provide for the return motion of the
plungers d² d² d³ d to their normal position after acting upon the case as hereafter
described.
To ensure this interlocking with the plunger B2, the several plungers of the
carriage D are formed with a feather, which feathers slide in longitudinal grooves
formed in the guiding holes of the carriage.
Thus, any tendency of these plungers to turn in their guides is prevented.
Again, in order to ensure their remaining in their normal or back position, when
released from the plunger B2, the feathers of these plungers are notched near their rear
ends to interlock with the edge of a disc d made fast to the hollow axle D¹.
This disc is notched on its periphery in the vertical plane of the centres of the
carriage and heading die, thus leaving a free space for the end way movement of the
several plungers as they are brought up into line with the plunger B³, while in every
other position they are held back by the disc d.
To the carriage D, an intermittent axial motion is imparted for the purpose of
presenting the cartridge cases to the heading die, and bringing into line the plungers
for effecting the heading operation.
The feeding carriage completes its rotation by five equal movements on its axle,
the last movement of the cycle being for the purpose of discharging the finished
case.
Into the chamber 1 of the carriage, the cases to be headed are fed from the feeding
shute E, which is supported from the tie bolt A (see Fig. 4).-This shute is fitted
with an escapement for controlling the descent of the cases, and allowing of their
discharge, one by one, into the chamber 1 of the carriage. This escapement consists
of two pairs of fingers e e', projecting the one pair upwardly and the other downwardly
from a frame e, which embraces the shute, and has a downward tendency given to it by
springs, whereby the lowermost case is retained in the shute. This escapement is
actuated by a tappet or tappets e³ projecting from the carriage, and situate slightly in
advance of the chamber 1.
As, therefore, the carriage is rotated, the fingers e will be raised clear of the lower-
most case, which will then be discharged into the chamber 1.
Simultaneously with the rise of the fingers e, the fingers el will also rise, and arrest
the forward progress of the cases until the escapement is freed from the tappet e³,
when it will resume its depressed position, and allow the cases to advance a step
further in the shute.
The carriage D, now charged with a case, will, at its next movement, present the
case to the heading die C.
When arrived at this position, the plunger will be caused, by the advance of
the plunger B2, to thrust the case into the heading die, and clear of the carriage,
or for a distance of some one third of its length.
At the next movement of the carriage 1), the plunger d² fitting No. 2 opening of
the carriage, will be brought into line with the plunger B2, and with the case, and
by a second advance of that plunger, it will be caused to drive the case further
into the heading die.-This second advance of the case is due to the greater length

page_text: of the second plunger -The next succeeding plunger d³ of the series is made
still longer than 2, and when brought into line with the case, it will, by a third
advance of the plunger B2, be caused to drive the case home in the die, and strike
up the head.
The completion of the heading is effected by the fourth plunger, which is
slightly longer than the plunger d³, and is in like manner driven forward by the
plunger B-When this has been effected, an extractor fitted to slide in a
slotted groove of the chamber 5 of the carriage, is brought under the flanged
head of the case, for the purpose of releasing it from the heading die.
It is while the carriage is in the position for the extractor to act, that a second
case is fed into the machine ready to be in its turn acted upon by the plungers
and heading die. This commences the second cycle of the operations, and it is
while the feeding in of a fresh case is taking place, that the headed case falls
away from the carriage onto the curved shute F, which delivers it out of the
machine to a suitable receptacle. This shute (see Fig. 4) is supported in position
from the tie bolt A³.
The heading die C is fitted to the cross head A¹, so as to admit of its being
readily withdrawn and replaced by a die of smaller or larger diameter; and
inserted in the rebated opening in the crosshead in the immediate rear of the
heading die, is a shouldered tube C2, which is fitted flush with the face of the
crosshead.
This tube C is threaded to receive a threaded steel lining c, which is adjustable
lengthwise in the tube C2, and serves to receive the pressure of a mandril, which
fits the case, and takes the pressure of the heading plunger, and sustains, with the die,
the blow of the heading plunger.
As the slide B' moves back on the completion of the heading operation, the
mandril c will simultaneously advance, and thrust the headed case for, say, one third
of its length, out of the die C, ready to be caught by the extractor d³.
This extractor is formed with a tang or tail piece, which plays in the slot do, cut
through the boss of the carriage D.
Corresponding with this slot, there is a longitudinal slot d', made in the fixed
hollow axle D, to allow of a finger or bowle, which projects from a central rod G,
acting upon the tail of the extractor.
As the extractor is required to act only after the fifth throw of the crank shaft,
the rod G receives its reciprocations indirectly from that shaft; thus, the sliding rod
is pivotted to a central arm G¹ keyed to a transverse rock shaft G2 in rear of the die
block mounted in bearings on the cross head A-This rock shaft, through a second
arm G is connected by a rod G to a lever G pivotted to the cross head A. The
lever G carries a bowle which works in the groove of a face cam Go keyed to the
crank shaft B³.
This arrangement ensures the requisite long traverse of the extractor, it being
brought into effective use at every fifth rotation of the crank shaft.
The advance of the extractor to the position for taking hold of the headed case,
effected by means of a helical groove de formed in the periphery of the hollow
axle D', and connecting at its opposite ends with the longitudinal slot d'.
The tang of the extractor, on reaching the end of the longitudinal slot furthest
from the heading die, comes opposite the end of the groove d³, and as the
carriage D is rotated, the tang of the extractor will be caused to traverse along the
helical groove until it reaches the end of the slot d nearest the heading die.-When
arrived at this position, the extractor will have taken hold of the cartridge case, and
at the next throw of the crank shaft B³, the cam G will cause the rod G to advance
and force the extractor to its back position, dragging with it the headed case into the
chamber 5, ready to be discharged, as already explained, down the shute F.
For imparting the intermittent axial motion to the carriage D, there is fitted to the
carriage a ring of spur teeth into which gears a pinion H carried by a longitudinal
shaft mounted in bearings carried by the bed of the machine.
The outer end of the shaft has keyed to it a ratchet wheel H², and upon the shaft

page_text: is mounted loosely a pinion H³, carrying a pawl which takes into the teeth of the
ratchet wheel.
Gearing into this pinion H³ is a rack H' carried in guides attached to the cross-
head A.
This rack is loosely coupled to the lower end of a rock lever H³, which is pivotted
to the cross-head A.-This rock lever H is fitted at its upper end with a bowl for
entering a grooved cam H keyed to the crank shaft B³.
As this shaft rotates, the lever will be rocked, and a reciprocating motion will be
imparted to the rack H, in which the pawl-carrying pinion for actuating the ratchet
wheel H gears. By this means, an intermittent axial motion will be given to the
carriage D, the return motion of the rack causing the pawl of the pawl pinion to
slip over the teeth of the ratchet wheel.
After every step in the rotation of the carriage D, a snap bolt comes into
action to lock the carriage in its new position.
For this purpose, the carriage is pierced with a ring of five holes into which the
spring bolt successively drops.
For freeing the carriage from its locking bolt, a tappet on the side of the cam H°
is provided. This tappet, as the cam rotates, strikes the tail of a rock lever /³,
mounted on a bracket support, and connected with the spring bolt, and as the tail of
this rock lever moves inwards, the bolt is withdrawn from the carriage immediately
before the movement of the driving gear (for turning the carriage) is renowed.
I
may remark that by forcing the cases (through the action of the plungers) into
the die by stages or steps of movement, I am enabled to head long cartridge cases in
a machine having only a short stroke, and with a force greater than could well be
obtained in a long stroke machine.
Another advantage of this invention is due to the division of the heading operation
into two parts.
In my improved construction of cartridge-case heading machine, it will be seen that
the great strain required for heading is taken by the two cross heads and the four
steel tie bolts, and that the strain will be central.-This is important as the estimated
total pressure required is about 500 tons.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. The arrangement of machinery above described for heading cartridge cases.
2nd. In a press for heading cartridge cases, the means described for enabling a
short throw crank shaft to force cases into the heading die and effect the heading of
the same when greatly exceeding in length the throw of the crank shaft.
3rd. The means above described for withdrawing the headed case from the die, and
depositing it in the delivery shute.
Dated this 10th day of September 1888.