IMPROVED PRO- CESSES FOR OBTAINING COLOURING MATTERS, OR OF PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING NOVEL COLOURING MATTERS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Girard, Edmond Willm, and Gustave Bonchardat,
all of Paris, in the Republic of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVED PRO-
CESSES FOR OBTAINING COLOURING MATTERS, OR OF PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING
NOVEL COLOURING MATTERS."
Sealed the 12th June 1877, and dated the 14th December 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Girard, Edmond
Willm, and Gustave Bonchard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 14th December 1876.
CHARLES GIRARD, EDMOND WILLM, and GUSTAVE BONCHARDAT, all of Paris, in
the Republic of France. "IMPROVED PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING COLOURING MATTERS,
OR OF PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING NOVEL COLOURING MATTERS."
When preparing certain colouring matters in accordance with our Invention, we
heat together any of the phenols or diphenols, and any or certain of the diatomic
acids, such for example as oxalic, tartaric, citric, lactic, succinic, camphoric, or phtalic
acids, either with or without the addition of sulphuric acid, until a reaction takes
place. We then treat the product with a solution of hypochlorite or hypobromite
of an alkali, or of an alkaline earth, or of products capable of producing the
oxygenated derivatives of chlorine or bromine, such for example as mixtures of
alkaline chlorate or bromate with chlorhydric or brombydric acid, or of nitric and
chlorhydric or nitric and bromhydric acid; for example, when we heat at a temper-
ature of about two hundred degrees centigrade a mixture of twenty-two parts of
resorcine and fifteen parts anhydrous phtalic acid, we obtain phtalic fluoresceine,
which we dissolve in an alkaline solution. To this solution we add by degrees a
solution of hypochlorite containing more or less of free chlorine, according to the
shade of colour required. We then saturate the solution with an acid, and carbonic
acid is set free. When the mixture is filtered and the precipitate is washed a
colouring matter is obtained which we style yellow aureosine. Alkaline solutions of
this matter appear yellow green by reflected light, and a rose colour by transmitted
light. When we use a hypobromite in place of the hypochlorite we obtain a
colouring matter which we style red aureosine. From these products we obtain
other colouring matters by treatment with nitric acid diluted with about twice its
volume of water, the mixture being heated. When the required shade is attained

page_text: the colouring matter is precipitated by means of chloride of sodium, and the
resulting precipitate is recovered by filtration. The products of this treatment,
which we style yellow or red rubeosines, according as they are prepared from the
yellow or the red aureosines, are soluble in alkaline solutions, which they render a
deep red crimson colour.
We also obtain colouring matters of various shades by causing a reaction between
the hypochlorites or hypobromites of alkalies or alkaline earths, and the methylic,
ethylic, amylic, benzylic, or acetylic derivatives of resorcine, combined with a
diatomic acid, as for example, with anhydrous phtalic acid, or we obtain analogous
matters by causing a reaction between the iodide, bromide, or chloride, of an
alcoholic radical, such as methyl, ethyl, amyl, or benzyl, and the aforesaid yellow or
red aureosine or rubeosine.
By treating with nitric acid or chromic acid, cosine or primrose, or other of the
bromated derivatives of phtaleine, resorcine, or other diphenol, or their methylated,
ethylated, or acetylated derivatives under the same conditions as when treating the
aureosines in the manner herein-before indicated, we obtain colouring matters
analogous to those obtained by the treatment of the red aureosines. Also when
treating eosine or the bromated derivatives of phtaleine with a mixture of acetate
of soda and acetic acid, under pressure at a temperature of about two hundred to
two hundred and twenty degrees centigrade, we obtain products analagous to the red
aureosines.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Girard, Edmond Willm, and Gustave Bonchardat in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th June 1877.
CHARLES GIRARD, EDMOND WILLM, and GUSTAVE BONCHARDAT, all of Paris,
in the Republic of France. "IMPROVED PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING COLOURING
MATTERS, OR OF PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING NOVEL COLOURING MATTERS."
When preparing certain colouring matters in accordance with our Invention we
heat together any of the phenols or diphenols, and any or certain of the diatomic
acids, such for example as oxalic, tartaric, citric, lactic, succinic, camphoric, or phtalic
acids, either with or without the addition of sulphuric acid, until a reaction takes
place. We then treat the product with a solution of hypochlorite, hypobromite, or
hypoiodite of an alkali, or of an alkaline earth, or of products capable of producing
the oxygenated derivatives of chlorine, iodine, or bromine, such for example as
mixtures of alkaline, chlorate, iodate, or bromate, with chlorhydric, bromhydric,
iodhydric, or fluorhydric acid, or their salts, or of nitric and chlorhydric, or nitric
and bromhydric acids, or of nitric and iodhydric or nitric and fluorhydric acids; for
example, when we heat at a temperature of about two hundred degrees centigrade
a mixture of twenty-two parts of resorcine, and fifteen parts anhydrous phtalic acid,
we obtain phtalic fluorescine which we dissolve in an alkaline solution. To this
solution we add by degrees a solution of hypochlorite containing more or less of free
chlorine, according to the shade of colour required. We then saturate the solution
with an acid, and carbonic acid is set free. When the mixture is filtered and the
precipitate is washed a colouring matter is obtained which we style yellow aureosine.
Alkaline solutions of this matter appear yellow green by reflected light, and a rose
colour by transmitted light. When we use a hypobromite or hypoiodite, or a
mixture of these salts in place of the hypochlorite, we obtain a colouring matter
which we style red aureosine. From these products we obtain other colouring
matters by treatment with nitric acid diluted with about twice its volume of water,
the mixture being heated. When the required shade is attained the colouring matter
is précipitated by means of chloride of sodium, and the resulting precipitate is
recovered by filtration. The products of this treatment, which we style yellow or

page_text: red rubeosines, according as they are prepared from the yellow or red aurcosines, are
soluble in alkaline solutions, which they render a deep crimson colour.
We also obtain colouring matters of various shades by causing a reaction between
the hypochlorites, hypobromites, or hypoiodites of alkalics or alkaline earths, and
the methylic, ethylic, amylic, benzylic, or acetylic derivatives of resorcine, combined
with a diatomic acid, as for example, with anhydrous phtalic acid, or we obtain
analogous matters by causing a reaction between the iodide, bromide, or chloride of an
alcoholic radical, such as methyl, ethyl, amyl, or benzyl, and the aforesaid yellow or
red aureosine or rubeosine.
By treating with nitric acid or chromic acid, eosine or primrose, or other of the
bromated derivatives of phtaleine, resorcine, or other diphenol, or their methylated,
ethylated, or acetylated derivatives, under the same conditions as when treating the
aureosines in the manner herein-before indicated, we obtain colouring matters
analogous to those obtained by the treatment of the red aureosines. Also when
treating eosine or the bromated derivatives of phtaleine with a mixture of acetate
of soda and acetic acid under pressure, at a temperature of about two hundred to
two hundred and twenty degrees centigrade, we obtain products analogous to the
red aureosines.
By the methods and means herein indicated we obtain colouring matters varying
in shades from yellow through orange to intense red.
Having now set forth and indicated the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which we carry the same into practical effect, we would in conclusion
have it to be understood that we claim,-
First. The methods of producing colouring matters, substantially as set forth and
indicated.
Secondly. The method of producing the colouring matter which we style yellow
aureosine, substantially as set forth and indicated.
Thirdly. The method of producing the colouring matter which we style red
aureosine, substantially as set forth and indicated.
Fourthly. The method of producing the colouring matter which we stylo yellow
rubcosine, substantially as set forth and indicated.
And, lastly. The method of producing the colouring matter which we style red
rubeosine, substantially as set forth and indicated.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Girard, Edmond Willm, and Gustave
Bonchardat, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eleventh day of
June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
seven.
CH. GIRARD.
ED. WILLM.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
G. BONCHARDAT. (L.S.)
CH. GIRARD.
ED. WILLM.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
G. BONCHARDAT. (L.S.)