Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus used in the Manufacture of Paper and Cardboard.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 24th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Apr., 1890-Accepted, 7th June, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus used in the Manufacture
of Paper and Cardboard.
I, ADOLPHE DURAND, Paper Manufacturer, care of Mr. Casalonga, 15 rue des Halles,
Paris, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
"machines for making
This invention relates to improvements in "continuous
paper and cardboard, and has for its objects to facilitate working at high speed, to
considerably reduce the cost of manufacture, and to obviate breakages and principal
causes of stoppage whilst improving the quality of the products obtained, and finally
affording security against accidents to persons in charge of the machines.
The first improvements consist of arrangements for giving to the paper sheet in
course of manufacture a uniform speed, and for enabling this speed to be increased
without shocks to the various parts such as occur with machines as at present con-
structed so as to produce paper without broken places or creases, as thin as possible
and in large quantity.
With this object for the usual spur or bevel gearing, I substitute transmission by
means of cones. Instead of transmitting the motion of the second cone to one of the
apparatus by means of bevel gear, the shaft of the second cone is arranged at a
suitable distance from that of the apparatus to be driven (the wet
for
press
example) and the motion is transmitted to this apparatus by means of an open belt
passing over a pulley keyed on the shaft of the cone, and over a pulley keyed upon
the shaft of the press, thereby obtaining a direct transmission whilst dispensing with
spur gearing.
Fig. 3 a plan, and
Fig. 4 an end elevation in detail of the arrangement.
The main or driving shaft A is carried on piers or foundations of masonry near the
level of the shafts of the presses and driers, and likewise at the smallest possible
horizontal distance from the ends of these shafts or of their driving pullies (see Figs. 2
and 3).
The intermediate shaft of the second cones is alone mounted on a wood framework
and is a compound shaft being composed of a series of shafts each provided with a
cone, a loose pulley, and a pulley for driving directly a drier or a press.
In order to avoid the shocks that would be caused by the joints of jointed belts
when passing over the pullies, endless belts are employed, and the bearings of the
shafting are arranged in such a manner as to enable the belts to be stretched or
tightened up without changing the conditions of their working and without having
to stop the machine (see Figs. 1, 3, and 4).
The shaft B of the second cones rotates in bearings capable of vertical movement
in standards & s¹; these bearings may be moved by means of a shaft t that actuates
endless screws gearing with wheels that impart motion to vertical screw spindles v³
whose bearings form the nuts.
As a consequence of the inclination of the belt transmitting the motion of the
shaft A to the shaft B which inclination more or less approaches the vertical, the
stretching of this belt and of the open belt may be effected simultaneously.
If it should be desired to effect these two stretching operations separately the
shaft A could be arranged in horizontal bearings capable of adjustment în an
analogous manner

page_text: The guide forks m of the belts of the cones are double and act simultaneously
upon the two parts. The prongs of these forks are replaced by pieces similar to
those of cloth-guides, with the object of obviating injury to the edges of the belts.
A loose pulley is arranged beside the upper cone, and another is arranged beside
the lower cone in order to dispense with instantaneous devices for throwing in gear.
The guide-forks m also serve for throwing out of gear; they are furnished with
double screws as shown in Fig. 5; one of these screws serves to effect the throwing
out of gear, and the other ¹ mounted on the same support serves as an abutment to
regulate the extreme position corresponding to the last regulation of the speed of
working; in this manner the belt can always be replaced readily (without test) in
exactly the same position it occupied previously on the concs.
In some cases the device for throwing out of gear may be applied directly to the
open belt by mounting a loose pulley on the shaft of the apparatus and causing
the belt to pass from the fast pulley on to the loose pulley, by means of a tension
pulley.
This arrangement offers certain advantages such as facility in working, keeping
the edges of the belts in good condition, and enabling the throwing in and out of
gear to be rapidly effected whilst at the same time retaining a smoothness and a
gradual throwing into gear of the apparatus such as is not attained with claw or
friction clutches.
When the paper machine comprises two stages of drying cylinders, and when the
cylinders are covered with felt, each cylinder may be driven separately by a gearing
similar to that just described, by arranging the same at a height such as to afford
sufficient length to the open belts driving the cylinders of the second stage.
But if the cylinders of the second stage are bare, that is to say, not covered
with a special felt, as there is not any appreciable drag or pull on the sheet of
paper during its passage around these cylinders, each of them is simply driven
from the next lower cylinder by means of a crossed belt without joint as shown in
Fig. 6.
In order to diminish the stretching of this belt, wedges are placed underneath the
bearing of the driven cylinder so as to raise it to the required extent.
Each cylinder is driven in the manner shown in Fig. 7. In this arrangement the
hollow journal i of the cylinder is prolonged in such a manner that the pulley ' fixed
on its end and receiving the motion, shall be at a sufficient distance from the framing
of the machine.
The journal is covered by a casing j of wood or sheet metal attached to the
working table k.
A steam pipe with external stuffing box is connected to the end
of the journal i and a railing n prevents accidents from the pulley '.
On both the driving side and the driven side of the machine the framework is free
thus affording the attendants great facilities for working the machine.
The arrangement illustrated in Fig. 8 has for objects to diminish the risk of
accidents to the working staff, waste of time in taking down the machine and cost
of maintenance.
This arrangement whereby the coupling sleeves for the journals of the pressing
apparatus are dispensed with, consists in connecting the shaft d with the journal e of
the press by means of a tapped hole into which screws a portion of the shaft. The
screwed portion of the shaft is shorter than the tapped hole in the journal e so as to
leave a vacant space for the introduction of oil through the hole which may be closed
by a screw plug.
The shaft d rotating always in the same direction never tends to unscrew itself,
and the arrangement may be taken apart almost instantaneously and without
difficulty.
In machines as at present employed, the speed of a set of presses or driers is
regulated in relation to that of the preceding set, so as to exert a very considerable
tension on the sheet and prevent the formation of creases. This tension is exerted
according to judgment and is only limited by the possible rupture of the sheet; the

page_text: consequence is a tendency under the action of these strains to entire disorganization
of the regular felting whereby it has been constituted on the manufacturing table.
The regular travel obtained for the sheet by my system of transmission partially
obviates these defects and enables me to apply the arrangement shewn in Fig. 9 having
for object to measure and regulate as desired the degree of tension of the sheet.
For this purpose I substitute for the guide rollers having fixed bearings, rollers
having movable bearings and I connect the bearings or their supports by a rigid cross
piece o in such a manner that the one cannot shift under the tension of the sheet
without necessarily drawing the other along with it.
A graduated scale v shows the degree of the tension of the sheet according to the
position of the roller; it is provided at its upper part with a stop that arrests the
roller when the sheet is not passing and the action of a counter-weight p is therefore
not destroyed by the tension of the sheet.
The counterweights in question may be replaced by a system of metallic or other
springs or by compressed air.
Moreover and likewise with the object of diminishing the tension on the sheet
there is arranged on the axis of oscillation u of the counterweight lever a disc whose
circumference is in contact with that of the drying cylinder. Upon the axis of this
disc is keyed a small pulley which transmits its motion by means of an endless belt
to a pulley keyed on the shaft of the roller q; in this manner the motion not being
imparted to the roller by the sheet itself is ensured regularly whatever may be its
position.
The exit roller q' could also be made moveable similarly to the entering roller. The
drying of the sheet is effected by means of a blast of hot air, in which I utilize
exhaust steam. The blowing apparatus proper consists of a fan forcing cold air into
a tubular heater M (Fig. 10) arranged on the flue that conveys the hot gases of the
furnace of the generator to the chimney. The air being thus heated passes into a
general conduit or into two conduits arranged under the drying apparatus whence it
escapes by transverse conduits & split throughout their length or perforated with a
sufficient number of holes. It is thus caused to strike against the endless felt y
(see Fig. 9).
Transverse partitions arranged in the pit between each battery cause the hot air to
spread over all the internal surface of the felt, so as to produce all its useful effect;
this air then escapes on one side and rises carrying up with it all the moisture and
thereby preventing formation of drops.
When the exhaust steam of the paper mill engines is employed directly for drying,
considerable variations occur in the degree of drying resulting from the variations in
the exhaust of the engines.
Now by the arrangement shown in Fig. 10 I am enabled to utilize this exhaust of
the engines in an advantageous and methodical manner.
This arrangement comprises a cylindrical tubular reservoir surrounded by masonry
to prevent loss of heat and arranged above the smoke flue E connecting the furnace
with the chimney. This masonry forms with the reservoir a second conduit for
smoke communicating with the first by means of the double damper F, which at the
will of the engine driver will allow the gases either to pass wholly or partially into
the tubes of the reservoir D, or not, without cansing for that purpose the least
disturbance in the furnace flue which is regulated by the stoker by means of the
damper G.
The reservoir receives the exhaust in its lower portion in a large tube H that is
perforated with numerous orifices and is submerged in water the level of which is
maintained constant by an apparatus having a powerful float I, that automatically
opens and closes the water supply cock J. The excess of water from the exhaust
is discharged by a drain cock; indication of the fact being given by a water gauge
provided with a whistle.
The water is taken from a tank K that is kept constantly filled by a cock to a level
determined by an overflow.
In this tank is arranged a sheet metal "bell" L entirely closed, and provided at

page_text: its upper part with a number of tubular passages of which one M communicates with
the outer air; another N communicates with a valve box O placed at the upper part
of the reservoir.
This valve is regulated by a spring to the maximum fixed pressure. Finally at the
upper part of the reservoir is a large tubular connection surmounted by a com-
pensation distributing box P provided with two tubular connections whereby it
communicates on the one hand with the bell L and on the other hand with the general
tubing of the drying plant.
The exhaust from the motor engines passes into the reservoir D leaving the water of
condensation therein, and passes by the distributor P according to the requirements
of the drying, into the general tubing for drying purposes.
If at any time the exhaust should become reduced, there is produced in the
reservoir Da diminution of pressure and a portion of the water commences to boil,
furnishing the required steam for drying. If the level sinks, water is introduced by
the feeding device I J.
A special thermometer graduated up to 120° enables the changes of temperature of
the water in the reservoir to be followed and also enables them to be neutralized
immediately by the introduction of more or less hot gas into the tubular system of
the reservoir.
Thus the drying is always regular and independent of the variations that may occur
in the working of the other parts of the plant.
For all apparatus with alternating motion such as soap-water pumps, and pneumatic
pumps I substitute continuous rotary apparatus that will not give any shock to the
machine.
In order to ensure control during working of the strength of paper manufactured
and to indicate the least variation therein I have devised the arrangement shown in
Figs. 11, 12 and 13 of sheet II. of my drawings.
On arriving at the reel the sheet passes on to a light cylinder a¹ of a tolerably
large diameter and surrounds it in part.
This cylinder, which is furnished with a counter, is set in motion by the sheet; it
operates by means of very light and small toothed gearing 1 a screw c¹ of a
determined length, rotating in the end supports of a horizontal lever arın d¹ and
arranged parallel to it. A kind of cap e¹ engages by its female thread with the thread
of the screw c¹, and when the screw rotates, moves along the lever d' on which it rests
by means of small rollers; this cap is prolonged under the lever and terminates in a
ring to which is suspended a predetermined weight directly proportioned to the
strength of the paper to be manufactured.
When the sheet is wound on the reel f¹ the counter roller rotates, and the screw c¹
also rotates and causes the cap and the weight (that it supports) to move to a
proportionate extent.
If therefore the cap el (which is arranged so as to be able to be disengaged from
the screw c¹ by being merely raised) has been placed at the zero mark of departure,
at the moment when the sheet was engaged with an empty reel, and if the relations
in speed of the small transmission 6¹ have been correctly determined, and the weight
regulated according to the strength and the width of the paper manufactured at a
certain moment, the cap el which acts as a cross piece, will shew by its position upon
the graduated lever d the quantity in weight of the paper wound upon the reel, whilst
the counter will shew the measurement of the same.
If now the lever d¹ carrying the screw c¹ be regulated as the lever of a Roman
steel yard, that is to say, keyed upon a transverse shaft g₁ resting by two knife
edges on steel bearings fixed to the framing, the small arm of this lever carrying
a knife edge on which rests a bearing cap i¹ connected to a stirrup j¹ the two equal
branches of which are fixed respectively to the levers k¹, k', in the bearings of which
rotates the shaft of the reel; it will be seen that it is easy, by disconnecting the large
lever, as in an ordinary steel yard, to weigh the reel whilst working, very exactly and
to thus control the slightest variations in its form by the difference of the weights
shown by the cap el and by the needle upon the graduated scale m².

page_text: The reel is usually provided with a brake to limit its speed of rotation and the
amount of the pull of the sheet, and when the brake is operated, reactions are
produced which often cause the breakage of the teeth of the driving gear.
Now in order to obviate this defect and to prevent these reactions from influencing
the weighing, I apply the brake to the shaft of the driving pulley n¹ instead of
applying it to the reel, and I arrange the driving parts upon the auxiliary oscillating
frame formed by the levers kk. The driving action is effected by the wheel o¹
gearing with the wheel p' loose on the shaft q", the disc forming one piece with
this wheel and the friction rollers 1, 2, 3, 4, and the disc 8" being keyed on the shaft
of the reel. The shafts of the rollers 1, 2, 3, 4, rotate in jointed supports which are
capable of being moved more or less towards one another by means of the screws th
for increasing or diminishing the adherence with the discs and s". This system of
friction rollers is moreover mounted on a slide and can be moved to the right or to the
left by the screw a to vary the speed of the reel.
It is now only necessary to get the weight of the driving parts and to make tho
graduations of the weighing machine accordingly.
The sole reaction that could influence the weight indicated is that due to the tension
of the paper being wound on the reel, but as the latter rises during the weighing only
to the extent of some millimetres, this reaction is practically insignificant; neverthe-
less it may be taken into account in regulating the weighing apparatus.
In the arrangement for transmitting motion to the screw c¹ the bevel wheel v' is
loose on the shaft g¹ and forms one piece with an endless screw gearing with the
wheel a'. Thus the relative positions of the organs of transmission do not change,.
whatever may be the position of the lever (.
The positions of the lever are limited by two strong abutments at the sides of
which may be arranged electric bell pushes to give warning in case the strength of the
paper should have been modified and it is desirable to know immediately that too
much change has not occured one way or the other.
T1
1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus used in the Manufacture
of Paper and Cardboard.
I, ADOLPHE DURAND, Paper Manufacturer, care of Mr. Casalonga, 15 Rue des
Halles, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in "continuous" machines for making
paper and cardboard, and has for its objects to facilitate working at high speed, to
considerably reduce the cost of manufacture, and to obviate breakages and principal
causes of stoppage whilst improving the quality of the products obtained, and finally
affording security against accidents to persons in charge of the machines.
The first improvements consist of arrangements for giving to the paper sheet in
course of manufacture a uniform speed, and for enabling this speed to be increased
without shocks to the various parts such as occur with machines as at present
constructed so as to produce paper without broken places or creases, as thin as possible
and in large quantity.
With this object for the usual spur or bevel gearing, I substitute transmission by
means of cones. Instead of transmitting the motion of the second cone to one of the
apparatus by means of bevel gear, the shaft of the second cone is arranged at a suitable
distance from that of the apparatus to be driven (the wet press for example) and the

page_text: Fig. 2 an end elevation,
Fig. 3 a plan, and
Fig. 4 an end elevation in detail of the arrangement.
The main or driving shaft A is carried on piers or foundations of masonry near the
level of the shafts of the presses and driers, and likewise at the smallest possible
horizontal distance from the ends of these shafts or of their driving pulleys
(see Figs. 2 & 3).
The intermediate shaft of the second cones is alone mounted on a wood framework
and is a compound shaft being composed of a series of shafts each provided with a
cone, a loose pulley, and a pulley for driving directly a drier or a press:
In order to avoid the shocks that would be caused by the joints of jointed belts
when passing over the pulleys, endless belts are employed, and the bearings of the
shafting are arranged in such a manner as to enable the belts to be stretched or
tightened up without changing the conditions of their working and without having to
stop the machine (see Figs. 1, 3, & 4).
The shaft B of the second cones rotates in hearings capable of vertical movement in
standards; these bearings may be moved by means of a shaft & that actuates
endless screws gearing with wheels that impart motion to vertical screw spindles v'
whose bearings form the nuts.
As a consequence of the inclination of the belt transmitting the motion of the
shaft A to the shaft B which inclination more or less approaches the vertical the
stretching of this belt and of the open belt may be effected simultaneously.
If it should be desired to effect these two stretching operations separately
the shaft A could be arranged in horizontal bearings capable of adjustment in an
analogous manner.
The guide forks m of the belts of the cones are double and act simultaneously upon
the two parts. The prongs of these forks are replaced by pieces ("palettes ") similar
to those of cloth-guides, with the object of obviating injury to the edges of the
belts.
A loose pulley is arranged beside the upper cone and another is arranged beside
the lower cone in order to dispense with instantaneous devices for throwing in gear.
The guide forks m also serve for throwing out of gear; they are furnished with
double screws as shown in Fig. 5; one of these screws a serves to effect the throwing
out of gear, and the other a mounted on the same support serves as an abutment to
regulate the extreme position corresponding to the last regulation of the speed of
working; in this manner the belt can always be replaced readily (without test) in
exactly the same position it occupied previously on the cone.
In some cases the device for throwing out of gear may be applied directly to the
open belt by mounting a loose pulley on the shaft of the apparatus and causing
the belt to pass from the fast pulley on to the loose pulley, by means of a tension
pulley.
This arrangement offers certain advantages such as facility in working, keeping the
edges of the belts in good condition, and enabling the throwing in and out of gear to
be rapidly effected whilst at the same time retaining a smoothness and a gradual
throwing into gear of the apparatus such as is not attained with claw or friction
clutches.
When the paper machine comprises two stages of drying cylinders, and when the
cylinders are covered with felt, each cylinder may be driven separately by a gearing
similar to that just described, by arranging the same at a height such as to afford
sufficient length to the open belts driving the cylinders of the second stage.
But if the cylinders of the second stage are bare, that is to say, not covered with a

page_text: special felt, as there is not any appreciable drag or pull on the sheet of paper during
its passage round these cylinders, each of them is simply driven from the next lower
cylinder by means of a crossed belt without joint as shewn in Fig. 6.
In order to diminish the stretching of this belt, wedges are placed underneath the
bearing of the driven cylinder so as to raise it to the required extent.
Each cylinder is driven in the manner shown in Fig. 7. In this arrangement the
hollow journal of the cylinder is prolonged in such a manner that the pulley 1 fixed
on its end and receiving the motion, shall be at a sufficient distance from the framing
of the machine.
The journal is covered by a casing; of wood or sheet metal attached to the working
table. A steam pipe with external stuffing box is connected to the end of the
journal i and a railing n prevents accidents from the pulley h¹.
On both the driving side and the driven side of the machine the framework is free
thus affording the attendants great facilities for working the machine.
The arrangement illustrated in Fig. 8 has for objects to diminish the risk of
accidents to the working staff, waste of time in taking down the machine and cost of
maintenance.
The
This arrangement whereby the coupling sleeves for the journals of the pressing
apparatus are dispensed with, consists in connecting the shaft d with the journal e of
the press by means of a tapped hole into which screws a portion of the shaft.
screwed portion of the shaft is shorter than the tapped hole in the journal e so as to
leave a vacant space for the introduction of oil through the hole which may be closed
by a screw plug.
The shaft d rotating always in the same direction never tends to unscrew itself,
and the arrangement may be taken apart almost instantaneously and without
difficulty.
In machines as at present employed, the speed of a set of presses or driers is
regulated in relation to that of the preceding set, so as to exert a very considerable
tension on the sheet and prevent the formation of creases. This tension is exerted
according to judgment and is only limited by the possible rupture of the sheet; the
consequence is a tendency under the action of these strains to entire disorganization
of the regular felting whereby it has been constituted on the manufacturing table.
The regular travel obtained for the sheet by my system of transmission partially
obviates these defects and enables me to apply the arrangement shewn in Fig. 9
having for object to measure and regulate as desired the degree of tension of the
sheet.
For this purpose I substitute for the guide rollers having fixed bearings, rollers
having movable bearings and I connect the bearings or their supports by a rigid
cross piece o in such a manner that the one cannot shift under the tension of the sheet
without necessarily drawing the other along with it.
A graduated scale v shows the degree of the tension of the sheet according to the
position of the roller; it is provided at its upper part with a stop that arrests the
roller when the sheet is not passing and the action of a counter-weight p is therefore
not destroyed by the tension of the sheet.
The counterweights in question may be replaced by a system of metallic or other
springs or by compressed air.
Moreover and likewise with the object of diminishing the tension on the sheet
there is arranged on the axis of oscillation u of the counterweight lever a disc
whose circumference is in contact with that of the drying cylinder. Upon the axis
of this disc is keyed a small pulley which transmits its motion by means of an endless
belt to a pulley keyed on the shaft of the roller q; in this manner the motion not
being imparted to the roller by the sheet itself is ensured regularly whatever may be
its position.
The exit roller q' could also be made movable similarly to the entering roller. The
drying of the sheet is effected by means of a blast of hot air, in which I utilize
exhaust steam. The blowing apparatus proper consists of a fan forcing cold air into

page_text: a tubular heater H (Fig. 10) arranged in the flue that conveys the hot gases of the
furnace of the generator to the chimney. The air being thus heated passes into a
general conduit or into two conduits arranged under the drying apparatus whence it
escapes by transverse conduits a split throughout their length or perforated with a
sufficient number of holes. It is thus caused to strike against the endless felt y (see
Fig. 9).
Transverse partitions arranged in the pit between each battery cause the hot air to
spread over all the internal surface of the felt, so as to produce all its useful effect;
this air then escapes on one side and rises carrying up with it all the moisture and
thereby preventing formation of drops.
When the exhaust steam of the paper mill engines is employed directly for drying,
considerable variations occur in the degree of drying resulting from the variations in
the exhaust of the engines.
Now by the arrangement shewn in Fig. 10 I am enabled to utilize this exhaust: of
the engines in an advantageous and methodical manner.
This arrangement comprises a cylindrical tubular reservoir surrounded by masonry
to prevent loss of heat and arranged above the smoke flue E connecting the furnace
with the chimney. This masonry forms with the reservoir a second conduit for smoke
communicating with the first by means of the double damper F, which at the will of
the engine driver will allow the gases either to pass wholly or partially into the
tubes of the reservoir D, or not, without causing for that purpose the least dis-
turbance in the furnace flue which is regulated by the stoker by means of the
damper G.
The reservoir receives the exhaust in its lower portion in a large tube H that
is perforated with numerous orifices and is submerged in water the level of which
is maintained constant by an apparatus having a powerful float I, that automatically
opens and closes the water supply cock J. The excess of water from the exhaust is
discharged by a drain cock; indication of the fact being given by a water gauge
provided with a whistle.
The water is taken from a tank K that is kept constantly filled by a cock to a level
determined by an overflow.
In this tank is arranged a sheet metal "bell L entirely closed, and provided at its
upper part with a number of tubular passages of which one communicates with the
outer air; another N communicates with a valve box O placed at the upper part of
the reservoir.
This valve is regulated by a spring to the maximum fixed pressure. Finally at the
upper part of the reservoir is a large tubular connection surmounted by a com-
pensation distributing box P provided with two tubular connections whereby it
communicates on the one hand with the bell L and on the other hand with the
general tubing of the drying plant.
The exhaust from the motor engines passes into the reservoir D leaving the water
of condensation therein, and passes by the distributor P according to the requirements
of the drying, into the general tubing for drying purposes.
If at any time the exhaust should become reduced, there is produced in the
reservoir Da diminution of pressure and a portion of the water commences to boil,
furnishing the required steam for drying. If the level sinks, water is introduced by
the feeding device I J.
A special thermometer graduated up to 120° enables the changes of temperature of
the water in the reservoir to be followed and also enables them to be neutralised
immediately by the introduction of more or less hot gas into the tubular system of
the reservoir.
Thus the drying is always regular and independent of the variations that may
occur in the working of the other parts of the plant.
For all apparatus with alternating motion such as soap-water pumps, and pneu-
anatic pumps I substitute continuous rotary apparatus that will not give any shock to
the machine.

page_text: In order to ensure control during working of the thickness of paper manu-
factured and to indicate the least variation therein I have devised the arrangement
shown in Figs. 11, 12, & 13, of sheet II of my drawings.
On arriving at the reel the sheet passes onto a light cylinder a¹ of a tolerably large
diameter and surrounds it in part.
This cylinder, which is furnished with a counter, is set in motion by the sheet; it
operates by means of very light and small toothed gearing b'a screw c² of a deter-
mined length, rotating in the end supports of a horizontal lever arm d¹ and arranged
parallel to it. A kind of cap e¹ engages by its female thread with the thread of the
screw c¹, and when the screw rotates, moves along the lever don which it rests by
means of small rollers; this cap is prolonged under the lever and terminates in a ring
to which is suspended a predetermined weight directly proportioned to the strength of
the paper to be manufactured.
When the sheet is wound on the reel the counter roller rotates, and the screw c¹
also rotates and causes the cap and the weight (that it supports) to move to a
proportionate extent.
If therefore the cap e' (which is arranged so as to be able to be disengaged from
the screw by being merely raised) has been placed at the zero mark of departure,.
at the moment when the sheet was engaged with an empty reel, and if the relations in
speed of the small transmission have been correctly determined and the weight
regulated according to the thickness and the width of the paper manufactured at a
certain moment, the cap el which acts as a cross piece, will shew by its position upon
the graduated lever d the quantity in weight of the paper wound upon the reel, whilst
the counter will shew the measurement of the same.
If now the lever d' carrying the screw c¹ be regulated as the lever of a Roman
Steel Yard that is to say, keyed upon a transverse shaft gresting by two knife.
edges on steel bearings fixed to the framing, the small arm of this lever carrying
a knife edge on which rests a bearing cap ¹ connected to a stirrup the two
equal branches of which are fixed respectively to the levers ¹, k in the bearings of
which rotates the shaft of the reel; it will be seen that it is easy, by disconnecting
the large lever, as in an ordinary steel yard, to weigh the reel whilst working, very
exactly and to thus control the slightest variations in its form by the difference of the
weights shewn by the cap el and by the needle upon the graduated scale m¹.
The reel is usually provided with a brake to limit its speed of rotation and the
amount of the pull of the sheet, and when the brake is operated, reactions are produced
which often cause the breakage of the teeth of the driving gear.
Now in order to obviate this defect and to prevent these reactions from influencing
the weighing I apply the brake to the shaft of the driving wheel pulley n' instead of
applying it to the reel, and I arrange the driving parts upon the auxiliary oscillating
frame formed by the levers ¹¹. The driving action is effected by the wheel of
gearing with the wheel p² loose on the rod q, the disc forming one piece with
this wheel and the friction rollers 1, 2, 3, 4, and the disc s being keyed on the shaft
of the reel. The shafts of the rollers 1, 2, 3, 4, rotate in jointed supports which are
capable of being moved more or less towards one another by means of the screws t"
for increasing or diminishing the adherence with the discs and s¹¹. This system of
friction rollers is moreover mounted on a slide and can be moved to the right or to
the left by the screw u¹¹ to vary the speed of the reel.
It is now only necessary to get the weight of the driving parts and to make the
graduations of the weighing machine accordingly.
The sole reaction that could influence the weight indicated is that due to the tension
of the paper being wound on the reel, but as the latter rises during the weighing
only to the extent of some millimetres, this reaction is practically insignificant;
nevertheless it may be taken into account in regulating the weighing apparatus.
In the arrangement for transmitting motion to the screw c' the bevel wheel v' is
loose on the shaft g¹ and forms one piece with an endless screw gearing with the
wheel a'. Thus the relative positions of the organs of transmission do not change,
whatever may be the position of the lever d¹.

page_text: The positions of the lever are limited by two strong abutments at the sides of
which may be arranged electric bell pushes to give warning in case the strength of
the paper should have been modified and it is desirable to know immediately that too
,much change has not occurred one way or the other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed what is claimed in
*" continuous" machines for the manufacture of paper and cardboard is :-
1. The herein described arrangement for transmission of motion to the presses
and driers by means of an open belt actuated by an intermediate transmission for the
purposes specified.
2. In machines provided with the means for the transmission of motion as referred
to in the preceding claim, the arrangement shewn in and described with reference to
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings for stretching the belts whilst working and for
operating these belts.
3. The arrangement for driving the driers in two stages or rows by means of a
crossed belt, as shewn in and described with reference to Fig. 6.
4. The arrangement of the drying cylinders with journals prolonged so as to allow
of readily working the machine and avoiding accidents, as shown in and described
in reference to Fig. 7.
5. The arrangement of the guiding rolls for the sheet, these rolls being mounted
upon movable supports and connected by a rigid cross-piece provided with a counter-
weight, the lever of which shows upon a graduated scale the degree of tension of
the sheet as shewn in and described in reference to Fig. 9.
6. Driving the guiding rolls from the presses or the driers by means of a disc
rolling in contact with these driers, and an endless belt, as herein described with
reference to Fig. 9 for the purpose specified.
7. The application of hot air obtained from a tubular reservoir, to dry the surface
of the endless felt which receives the moisture of the sheet as herein described with
reference to and shown in Fig 9.
8. The utilization of exhaust steam by means of a collector or reservoir heated by
hot waste gases in combination with the apparatus described and illustrated and having
for object to maintain the temperature of the steam sent into the drying plant constant
or regular.
9. The arrangement for ensuring control during the working of the machine of the
thickness of the paper manufactured, by indicating any variations therein, by means of
an endless screw upon which moves a cap showing on a graduated lever the weight of
the paper wound on the reel substantially as herein described.
10. The arrangement for transmitting motion to the reel fl arranged on an auxiliary
oscillating frame k k¹ by means of discs and friction rollers the whole constructed and
operating as described and illustrated.
Dated this 23rd day of April 1890.
A. DURAND,
Per L. W.