IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Phillips Thompson, of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
and of 323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES."
A communication from abroad by William F. Cochrane and John Leland
Mothershead, of Indianapolis, in the State of Indiana, United States of
America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Phillips Thompson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1882.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON of the Agency for Foreign Patent Solicitors,
6 Lord Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, and of 323 High Holborn
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND
MOWING MACHINES" A communication from abroad by William F. Cochrane and
John Leland Mothershead, of Indianapolis, in the State of Indiana, United States
of America.
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of Reaping and
Mowing Machines and especially to a machine in which the shoe is coupled to the
frame by means of a spherical joint, through one portion of which passes a rotating
shaft geared to the axle and within which the rotating movement of the shaft is
converted into a reciprocating movement.
Said improvements consist, first: of a novel system of bevelled, planetary gear,
obtained by placing upon the rotating axle or axial shaft of the machine, an
extended sleeve constructed with arms radiating diagonally therefrom, constituting
in fact a conical bifurcated spider, whose diverging arms serve as supports for the
spindles of bevelled pinions, rotating each upon its own axis and revolving about
the axle in planes at an angle thereto. The spider is coupled with the axle at
pleasure by means of a suitable clutch. The bevelled pinions, revolving at angles
with the axle upon the arms of the bifurcated spider, engage a stationary, annular,
bevelled gear fixed to the inner side of a stationary outer casing, encircling and

page_text: enclosing the axle or axial shaft, and whose periphery is adapted to engage a pinion
upon the upper end of a crank shaft extending diagonally to the shoe of the
machine for the purpose of driving its cutter-bar. The combination of this
inverted bevelled wheel, turning loosely upon the axle, with the planetary pinions
on the one side and with the bevelled pinion upon the end of the crank shaft on
the other, constitutes the second novel feature of this invention.
The arrangement of bevelled pinions at an angle with the axle admits of the use
of long bearings for their spindles and of a transmission of the pressure and strain
thereon directly to the axle for support, as well as of a long bearing upon the axle
for the sleeve or spider whose diverging arms carry said pinions. These arms may
be tubular and the hollow space therein inside of the spindles be filled with cotton
saturated with oil, or with other lubricating material or devices.
The bevelled form of the fixed annular gear secures greater strength and power
of resistance therein with a given weight of metal than is possible with simple
parallel gear.
The combination of the bevelled pinions with the fixed bevelled annular gear
admits of a ready and accurate adjustment of the gears not only in the first
construction of the machine, but also in case of wear, this adjustment being effected
by lengthening or shortening the hubs of the pinions either directly or by means
of washers under the same, to be inserted or removed as the case may require.
Such a ready adjustment of the gearing reduces largely the cost of its manufacture.
The invention consists also in the combination with the shoe carrying and
supporting the finger and cutter, bars, and with a spherical joint connecting the
shoe to the frame of the machine, of an arm which extends radially from said joint
to a guide upon the main casing or frame of the machine where it is linked to a
tilting lever thereon so that the movement of the tilting lever shall operate to
elevate, or depress the finger and cutter bars. It consists also in a device for
throwing up the cutter bar into its vertical position or to any intermediato position
by the movement and power of one of the driving wheels, said device consisting of
a sliding clutch embracing and turning loosely upon an annular sleeve or collar
projecting inward from the hub of the wheel and adapted to engage either a
negative clutch upon the inner face of the hub on one side, or a positive clutch cast
in one with the casing of the machine, on the other. The periphery of the sliding
rotating clutch is grooved, and it serves as a pulley upon which to wind a chain
which extends thence over an intermediate friction wheel or pulley to the shoc, or
to its finger-bar or other projection therefrom, so that the rotation of the clutch
pulley shall by winding, or unwinding the lifting chain, raise or lower the finger
bar. The sliding clutch is made to rotate by being thrown into connection with
the negative clutch on the wheel hub, and is locked to uphold the fingerbar at any
desired angle of elevation, by being thrown into connection with the positive fixed
clutch on the casing.
The sliding clutch is actuated longitudinally by a spring which will automatically
maintain it in contact with the fixed clutch on the casing, and is disengaged
therefrom and thrown over into contact with the negative clutch on the hub by
means of a shifting lever terminating in a treadle within reach of the drivers foot.
Thus by placing his foot upon the treadle the driver may cause the cutter bar to
be quickly thrown up by the horse power, into a vertical position within the plane
of the driving wheel, or to any intermediate height required in clearing stones or
other obstructions, and upon removing his foot the cutter bar will be automatically
secured and supported at the desired height.
The projections on the face of the gland in the hub and the counterpart face on
the sliding clutch are equilateral in form so that the movement of the machine
shall not be suddenly and abruptly arrested by the engagement of the clutch. The
projections on the positive clutches are bevelled in the direction of approach but
on the holding side are cut parallel with the axis of the shaft thereby holding
firmly the weight of the cutter bar suspended therefrom without extraneous
support.

page_text: The Invention relates also to the combination of a draw slide on the tongue and
to which the team is hitched, with a foot-treadle and radial arm which supports
the shoe and cutting apparatus, when the shoe and its adjuncts ..re connected
and made to operate by the horse power lift instead of by the arm of the driver.
When it is desirable to construct the machine so that the cutter bar shall be lifted
by the driver's unaided exertion, a long lever is attached to the side of the frame
near the driver's foot, which, by means of an interposed dog engaging notches in
the periphery of a disc pivotted to the frame is made to lift an arm projecting
from the disc and thereby lift the cutter bar as required, the movement of the arm
being governed, and the arm locked in any position by a spring actuated catch
controlled by the driver's foot.
It relates furthermore to an adaptation of the finger bar to the cutter bar so
that the latter may be withdrawn endwise from the cutter bar, and to the
combination of the pitman head through which motion is communicated from the
crank, with the cutter bar by means of an interlocking joint admitting of a ready
release and withdrawal of the cutter bar when required.

page_text: '
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the-said William Phillips Thompson
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st August-1882.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON of the Agency for Foreign Patent Solicitors
6 Lord Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster and of 323 High Holborn
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND
MOWING MACHINES" A communication from abroad by William F. Cochrane and
John Leland Mothershead of Indianapolis in the State of Indiana United States
America.
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of reaping and
mowing machines and especially to a machine in which the shoe is coupled to the
frame by means of a spherical joint through one portion of which passes a rotating
shaft geared to the axle, and within which the rotating movement of the shaft is
converted into a reciprocating movement.
Said improvements consist, first: of a novel system of bevelled planetary gear
obtained by placing upon the rotating axle, or axial shaft of the machine an
extended sleeve constructed with arms radiating diagonally therefrom, constituting
in fact a conical bifurcated spider, whose diverging arms serve as a support for the
spindles of bevelled pinions rotating each upon its own axis and revolving about
the axle in planes at an angle thereto. The spider turns loosely upon the axle and
is coupled therewith at pleasure by means of a suitable clutch. The bevelled
pinions revolving at angles with the axle upon the arms of the bifurcated spider
engage a stationary, annular, bevelled gear fixed to the inner side of a stationary
outer casing enclosing the axle or axial shaft and mesh with an inner central
pinion upon the hub of a bevelled gear wheel which turns loosely upon the main
shaft and whose inner periphery is adapted to engage a pinion upon the upper
end of a crank shaft extending diagonally to the shoe of the machine for the
purpose of driving its cutter bar. The combination of this inverted flanged
bevelled wheel turning loosely upon the axle, with the planetary pinions on the
one side and with the bevelled pinion upon the end of the crank shaft on the other,
constitutes the second novel feature of this invention.
The arrangement of bevelled pinions at an angle with the axle admits of the use
of long bearings for their spindles and of a transmission of the pressure and strain
thereon directly to the axle for support, as well as of a long bearing upon the axle
for the sleeve or spider whose diverging arms carry said pinions. These arms may
be tubular and the hollow space therein, inside of the spindles, be filled with cotton
saturated with oil, or with other lubricating material or devices.
The bevelled form of the fixed annular gear secures greater strength and power
of resistance therein with a given weight of metal than is possible with simple
parallel gear.
The combination of the bevelled pinions with the fixed bevelled, annular gear,
admits of a ready and accurate adjustment of the gears not only in the first
construction of the machine but also in case of wear, this adjustment being
effected by lengthening or shortening the hubs of the pinions either directly or
by means of washers under the same to be inserted or removed as the case may
require. Such a ready adjustment of the gearing reduces largely the cost of its
manufacture.
The invention consists also, in the combination with the shoe carrying and
supporting the finger and cutter bars, and with a spherical joint connecting the
shoe to the frame of the machine of an arm which extends radially from said joint

page_text: to a guide upon the main casing or frame of the machine where it is linked to a
tilting lever thereon so that the movement of the tilting lever shall operate to
elevate or depress the finger and cutter-bars.
It embraces also a device whereby the cutter-bar may be readily lifted by the
driver's unaided exertion; and which consists of a long lever pivoted to the side of
the frame or foot rest near the driver's foot which is geared by means of an
interposed pinion with cogs formed laterally upon the end of the hub carrying an
arm or segmental sheave which, pivoted to the frame, operates by its partial
rotation and through the intervention of a connecting chain to lift the cutter-bar
as required, the movement of the arm or sheave being governed and the arm or
sheave locked in any position, by means of a spring-actuated catch controlled by
the driver's foot.
It relates furthermore to an adaptation of the finger-bar to the cutter-bar so
that the latter may be withdrawn endwise from the finger-bar, and to the
combination of the pitman head through which motion is communicated from the
crank, with the cutter-bar, by means of an interlocking joint admitting of a ready
release and withdrawal of the cutter-bar.
In the accompanying drawings forming part of this Specification
Fig: 1-is a side-elevation-partly in section-of the improved Mowing
Machine.
Fig 2, is a front view of the machine, a portion of the casing being broken
away to disclose the enclosed gearing which is partly in section.
Fig 3, is a plan view of the machine, with the spherical joint of the shoe in
section and the cover for the sliding head thrown open.
Fig 4, is a vertical section of the tilting lever.
Fig 5, is a detailed section of the lifting lever and chain-arm or sheave.
Fig 6, is a side view of the segmental sheave or chain-arm detached.
Fig 7, is a longitudinal section of the axle-casing and enclosed gearing in line
with the axle of the machine, and on an enlarged scale-and
Fig 8,- -an irregular transverse section on same scale illustrating the bevelled
planetary gearing.
Fig. 9-is a detached sectional view illustrating the pawls in the hub of the
wheel.
Figs. 10 and 11-are detached views in perspective of the divisions of the
shoo.
Fig 12, a detailed perspective view of the crank head and its joint with the
pitman-rod.
Fig 13-a longitudinal vertical section of the pitman-head and cutter-bar.
Similar letters and numerals indicate like parts in each of the drawings.
A, A, represents in the drawings the wheels and B, the rotating axle of this
improved mowing machine. The wheels are arranged to rotate freely upon the
axle when the machine is run backward but are made to engage the axle and
cause its rotation when running forward by means of pawls C, C (see Fig. 9)
which are fitted to either end of the axle to engage ratchets within the hub of the
wheel.
The axle B is encircled by a sleeve or casing D (see Fig. 7) so enlarged centrally
as to enclose the gearing by which motion is transmitted from the rotating axle to
the cutter-bar. An upper section of the casing over the gearing is made detachable
(see at a Fig. 8) so as to admit of a ready inspection or repair of the enclosed
movements. The gearing consists of an extended sleeve or rotating carrier E fitted
to turn loosely upon the axle as its journal and which is formed with two lateral
diverging arms constituting with the sleeve or carrier, a bifurcated, conically-
shaped spider (see Fig 7) An extension of the diverging arms is produced by
means of tubular spindles E. E. which serve as the journals for bevelled pinions
F, F. These bevelled pinions, rotating each upon its own axis, and revolving with
the spider or carrier E about or upon the axial shaft B mesh outwardly with a
stationary, bevelled, annular gear Fª¹ (see Figs 2, 7, and 8.) fixed to the casing D,

page_text: and inwardly, with a central bevelled pinion G upon the hub of a wheel H (sce
Fig. 7) which turns loosely upon the axle B. This wheel H is formed with bevelled
cogs upon the inner periphery of a bevelled flange H' projecting from the opposite
side of its outer rim, which engage the cogs of a bevelled pinion I (see Fig 7) upon
a crank shaft J extending diagonally outward to the shoe of the machine as will be
hereinafter more fully described.
The bifurcated spider E is thrown into gear with the axle B by means of a
simple clutch consisting of a collar Y fitted upon a spline on the axle B and which
is automatically slipped forward to engage the spider by means of a coiled spring
and is withdrawn and disengaged by means of a rod b bent at its inner end to take
hold of an annular flange on the sliding collar Y (see Figs 2 and 7) and which
extending outward parallel with the axle in suitable bearings, is jointed to a cam-
projection Z fitted with a pedal arm (see Fig. 3) so that pressure upon the pedal
arm will operate by turning the cam, to draw out the rod, and with it the clutch
collar Y so as to release it from the spider E as shown in Fig 7.
The shoe is supported in the customary position at the side of the machine by
means of a frame extending outward and downward diagonally from the casing D
(Fig 2) This frame consists by preference of a central tubular arm L braced
and strengthened by two lateral arms L¹, L', (see Fig. 2) which may likewise be
tubular and be either separate or in one piece therewith. This frame is secured at
its upper end rigidly and firmly to a head c formed upon the casing to receive it
(see Figs. 2 and 7). Its lower head terminates in a hollow sphere M, Figs. 1 and 2
upon which the shoc M¹ of the machine is supported by means of a hemispherical
socket m formed upon one end of the shoe as shown in Fig 10, which being fitted
upon the upper surface of the sphere is confined by means of a second hemi-
spherical socket n adapted to fit and embrace the lower portion of the sphere and
which forms a part of a base-plate M¹¹ (see Fig. 11) adapted to extend under the
shoe so that the two may be bolted solidly together. The shoe M¹ and the base-
plate M beneath it, are thus connected with, and supported by the casing D of the
machine upon the end of the frame or arms LL' by means of a ball and socket
joint which permits of all necessary adjustments of the shoe and cutter-bar and
allows it to be turned up when not in use.
The crank-shaft J (see Fig 7) extends from the gearing on the axle through the
tubular arm L of the frame L L and terminates within the hollow sphere M in a
crank J which is so enlarged in the form shown in the drawings (see Fig. 12) as to
operate as a fly or balance wheel to steady the movement of the cutters. The
internal diameter of the hollow sphere permits a free rotation of the crank
therein.
Upon the lower division or base-plate M" of the shoe the inner end of the finger-
bar Ŏ of the machine is fitted and secured so as to be firmly supported thereby.
The inner end of the cutter-bar P, sliding in the customary manner upon the
finger-bar, is thus brought in line with the end of the crank-shaft J and a con-
nection is formed between the two so that the rotation of the crank-shaft J¹ shall
produce a reciprocating movement of the cutter-bar P, by means of a pitman rod Q.
This pitman rod is connected with the outer end of the crank J by a ball and a
socket joint, the end of the pitman being curved as shown in Fig 12 to adapt it to
the position and angle of inclination of the crank, and the wall of the hollow
sphere M in which the crank rotates is cut away sufficiently to allow of the passage
of the pitman through it and permit its free movement. The opposite outer end of
the pitman is connected with the cutter-bar by means of a ball and socket joint
formed within a sliding pitman head R which travels freely upon the inner end of
the finger-bar and base plate M" of the shoe. This sliding head R, is divided trans-
versely to admit of the insertion of the ball of the joint into the spherical socket
formed between the two divisions (see Fig. 13).
The sliding pitman head is coupled with the cutter-bar so as to actuate it by
means of one or more lugs a formed by cutting away the upper face of the heel of

page_text: the bar between them, these lugs being thus adapted to project each into a counter-
part recess on the underside of the head so as to form an interlocking joint
therewith as shown in Fig. 13. The joint is secured and the two divisions of the
head are at the same time bolted together by a bolt R' whose head engages the
under side of the cutter-bar and which extends therefrom up through a central
aperture in the ball of the joint, and is engaged by a large nut R" which forms a
cap for the head as is fully shown in Fig 13.
The connection of the pitman rod with the ball of the joint is formed by means
of a threaded socket formed in an arm T projecting from the ball into which the
end of the pitman rod is adapted to be secured as shown in Fig 13.
When the removal of the cutter-bar becomes necessary the cap R" of the sliding
head R is unscrewed thus releasing the bolt R' which being drawn out from below
will allow the pitman head to be lifted from the cutter bar P and the cutter-bar to
be drawn out end wise from the outer end of the finger bar, the lugs s passing freely
under the knife caps through the recesses embracing the heel piece t of the cutter-
bar.
The sliding head and pitman rod is enclosed by a covering plate or case N (see
Fig. 10) hinged to the upper division M¹ of the shoe over an opening or extended
slot cut in said upper division to permit it to fit over the sliding head and pitınan
when secured upon the base-plate M" (see Figs 1. and 12).
This covering plate permits of a ready inspection of the crank pitman and
sliding head for oiling and for repairs.
An arm U projects radially from the hemispherical socket of the base-plate M"
(see Figs 1. 2. 3. and 11) at a right angle with the length of said plate and at such
an angle upward as to bring its upper end in line with the bottom of the casing D
when the base-plate is in a horizontal position. A loose strap or collar 10 (Fig 11)
on the upper end of this arm U is connected by a link 11. (Figs. 1 and 4) with a
curved arm 12 projecting from the lower end of a tubular lever 13 which is forked
to embrace a segmental lug 14 projecting upward from the top of the casing
transversely thereto and to which the jaws of the lever are pivoted (see Figs. 1
and 4). As the upper end of the arm U is lifted up or drawn by the curved
arm 12 of the lever 13 it is guided and stayed by the face of a projection ✗ from
the casing against which it works as illustrated in Fig. 2. Within the tubular
lever 13 is inserted longitudinally a bolt-rod 15 long enough to rest upon the
segmental lug 14 and extend thence to the outer end of the lever, where it
terminates outwardly in a head forming a handle for the lever. The upper edge
of the segmental lug 14 is notched to receive and engage the end of the bolt-rod
and thus lock the lever. The rod is forced downward to produce its automatic
engagement with the notches on the lug by a coiled spring confined within the
tubular lever. The rod may be readily drawn up to unlock the lever and permit
it to be swung back and forth upon its pivot, and the series of notches admit of
its being locked at any angle to which it is thrown. This movement of the lever
serves by means of its curved arm 12 and the link 11 to elevate or depress the
upper end of the arm U, and, by causing the shoe to turn upon its joint, to elevate
or depress thereby the finger-bar and change the angle of its inclination to the
ground, the finger-bar being fixed when adjusted as desired, by the automatic
action of the bolt rod 15 as described.
The spherical joint of the shoe also permits the finger and cutter-bars to be
readily turned up into a vertical position when not in use, and this movement may
be quickly produced by the driver so as to avoid obstructions in the way when
cutting, by means of an upright tilting-lever s pivoted upon the end of a spindle 16
(Fig 5) projecting in front of and on the right of the driver's seat from a cylindrical
stud 17 upon a bracket 18 which is secured to and upon the bracket or frame
supporting and carrying the tongue of the machine.
A spherical bearing 19 is formed at the base or inner end of the spindle 16 and
interposed between the bearing of the lever S upon the spindle and the cylindrical
stud 17 which supports it. Upon this spherical bearing is journalled an arm or

page_text: quadrant W (constituting a segmental sheave, Figs 1. 3. 5 and 6) at such an angle
with the lever (see Fig. 5) as that its periphery shall lie in the line of draft of a
chain 20 which is carried over the sheave and thence to the rear end of the shoe M²
at a point adjacent to the finger-bar (see Figs 1. 2 and 3) cogs are formed upon the
adjacent faces of the hub of the lever and of the sheave so that they shall intermesh
at their point of intersection on the under side of the spindle 16 as is illustrated in
Fig. 5. The face of the cylindrical stud 17 is bevelled to correspond to the angle
of inclination of the sheave and the end of the stud is encircled by the hub of the
sheave as shown in Fig. 5.
A rack 21 is formed upon the under side of the hub which is engaged by a
spring-actuated pawl pivoted to the bracket 18. This pawl is fitted with a
pedal V (see Figs. 1 and 3) so that the operator may with his foot, disengage the
pawl. A movement of the lever S towards the driver produces a rotation of the
sheave upon its axis which, winding up and consequently shortening the chain, will
tilt up the shoe and elevate the cutter-bar to a vertical position, the pawl operating
automatically to prevent it from dropping back at any point of its elevation.
The length of the lever S is such as to afford powerful leverage in lifting the
shoe and cutter-bar so that the movement may be produced by the driver with
great ease.
While the cutter bar is being lifted over by the hand lever S it is steadied and
controlled by means of a rod 22 which is fastened at one end to the inner end of
the shoe and terminates at the other in an eye which embraces and slides loosely
upon a "run rod" 23 upon the under sido of the tongue as shown in Fig. 1.
The driver's seat is supported upon the end of an elastic arm 24 whose lower
end is hinged to the foot plate over the tongue and is supported about midway of
its length by a jointed brace 25 which is hinged at one end to the elastic seat arm
and at the other to the casing D (see Fig 1). This brace serves as a fulcrum
whereby the weight of the driver at the outer end of the arm 24 is made to
counterbalance that of the shoe and cutter-bar and thus transfer their weight to the
axle, increasing thereby the traction of the machine and lessening the friction of
the shoe upon the ground when the machine is in operation.
The stationary bevelled annular gear F Figs. 7 and 8 affords great strength to
meet the resistance of the supplemental gear. Its conical shape gives greater
radial strength to its rim than if made straight or parallel. The bevelled gear
introduced in the planetary system admits of an easier and more accurate adjust-
ment of the pinions to each other than could otherwise be obtained for the inter-
meshing of the planet-wheels or other pinions is thereby varied and regulated at
pleasure by simply lengthening or shortening the hubs.
The employment of the bevel-wheel H to drive the pinion I on the crank-shaft
permits also said piniou to be of greater diameter at its apex than is usually the
case.
Having now described this Invention as communicated to me I wish it to be
understood that what I desire to protect under the herein before in part recited
Letters Patent is:-
1st The combination with a bevelled stationary annular gear F¹, fixed to encircle
the main driving shaft or axle B; of a conical bifurcated sleeve or spider E, placed
upon said shaft to rotate therewith, and carrying upon its diverging arms bevelled
pinions or planet-wheels F F adapted to engage said annular gear and to mesh
centrally into a pinion G upon the hub of a gear wheel H. rotating upon the main
shaft B substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
2nd The combination of the inverted bevel-wheel H turning loosely upon the
main shaft B with the bevelled pinion I upon the crank-shaft J on one side and
with the planet wheels F F engaging a pinion G upon its hub on the other,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
3rd The combination with the shoe M¹ and spherical joint M¹ M" of an arm U,
extending radially from said joint; a guide X, upon the casing D; and a lever 13

page_text: pivoted to said casing for the purpose of elevating or depressing the shoe and its
cutter-bar substantially as herein set forth.
4th. The combination with the spherically jointed shoe M¹ M and the finger-
bar carried thereby of a lever S journalled upon a spindle secured to the frame of
the machine; a quadrant or segmental sheave geared to the lever at an angle there-
with; a chain extending from said sheave to the shoe; and a pawl governing the
movement of the sheave and lever and actuated by a foot pedal all substantially in
the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
5th In combination with the finger-bar O; the cutter-bar P adapted to be
withdrawn endwise from the same, and provided with lugs on its inner end; and
the pitman-head R. having recesses adapted to receive said lugs, and means for
securing the cutter-bar and pitman head together, whereby an interlocking joint is
formed which will admit of a ready release and withdrawal of the cutter-bar,
substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof I the said William Phillips Thompson have hereunto set
my hand and seal this seventeenth day of August in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty two.