CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1841

page_text: NEWTON'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
NEWTON, of the Office of Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing.date 'at;
Westminster, the Sixth day of January, in the fourth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William
Newton, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said William Newton, my executors, adññors, and assigns, and such othe s.
as I, the said William Newton, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all:
times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WEAVING," being:
á communication from a foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters,
Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said William Newton, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe.
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and, in what manner the same,
is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's,
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately

page_text: after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in: compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Newton, do hereby declare, that the nature of the said Invention,.
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
(that is to say):-
These improvements in looms for weaving are the Invention of Erastus B.
Bigelowe, a citizen of the United States of North America, who has commu-
nicated his Invention to me in the following words, which he considers to be
an exact description of his improvements in the manner of constructing and
arranging the various parts of the power loom, by which it is adapted to the
weaving of a variety of figured fabrics, such, for example, as are known under
the names of imperial or Paisley counterpanes, imperial French quilts, imperial
petticoat robes, and other articles of a similar character, and some of which
improvements are applicable to looms of other kinds, whether intended for
"the weaving of figured or of plain goods. In describing these improvements
it has been. deemed best to do so under several distinct heads, which are as
follows:
First, improvements in the manner in which the shuttles are thrown, the
manner of raising and depressing the shuttle boxes, and in the manner in
which the picker is relieved from the shuttle.'
Second, an improved manner of obtaining the power necessary, to lift thei
weights which are suspended from the harness in the arrangement of the parts:
concerned in the stopping of the loom, and in an apparatus for counteracting
the momentum when the loom is thrown out of gear..
Third, improvements in the mode of mounting and tying up the harness,
and of working the same, by a combination of cams and treadles so as to:
produce the fabric commonly known by the name of Paisley or imperial:
counterpanes and others analogous in character.
Fourth, certain other improvements in the manner of mounting the loom,.
tyeing up the harness, and working the same.
Fifth, certain other improvements, in the mode of mounting the loom, of.
tyeing the harness, and working the same, so as to adapt it to the weaving of
figured fabrics with a loose back, commonly known by the names of imperial
or French quilts, imperial petticoat robes, and other articles of' an analogous
character.
. Sixth, improvements in the looms for weaving with a smooth tack such.

page_text: figured fabrics as are commonly known under the names of imperial or French
quilts and imperial petticoat robes.
Seventh, improvements in the manner of strengthening the lathe and back
girth of the loom over which the yarn passes, so as to adapt it to the weaving
of fabrics of great width and firmness; and also in the manner of delivering
out the chain or warp, and of taking up the finished cloth in such a manner as
to insure evenness thereto, and to put a given number of threads of filling in an
inch or any other determined space.
First head. The improvements in the manner in which the shuttles are
thrown, the manner of raising and depressing the shuttle boxes, and the manner
in which the picker is relieved from the shuttle, are as follows:-In throwing
the shuttles I cause the two picker staves to operate simultaneously, so that
the shuttle may be thrown from whichever of the boxes is presented to their
action. This I effect by the use of one picker treadle only, which is acted
upon by a cam in the usual way of working such treadles. From this treadle
two bands are extended, and pass around the two picker pullies in such manner
that when the treadle is depressed both the picker staves will be set in action
at the same moment. By this arrangement two or more shuttles may be suc-
cessively thrown from the same end of the loom by the action of one treadle.
The shuttle boxes are raised and lowered in the following manner:-A shaft
extends along under the race beam from one shuttle box to the other, and
carries pinions which take into racks attached to the shuttle boxes; it will be
manifest, therefore, that by causing this shaft to revolve the shuttle boxes may
be raised. The revolving of this shaft is effected by the action of a spiral or
other spring, one end of which is attached to the frame of the loom at its
back, and the said spring extends forwards towards the lathe; from this forward
end a band attached to it passes round guide pullies, the situation of which
will be shewn in the accompanying Drawing, and also round a pulley upon the
above-named shaft, to which latter the said band is attached. The action of
the spring, by its drawing upon the band, will cause the pinion shaft to revolve,
and will consequently raise the shuttle boxes; should this spring be thrown out
of action and the band by which the shuttle boxes are raised be relaxed, they
will then descend by their own gravity. To take off the tension of the spring,
there is a cam upon the main shaft of the loom, which cam, as the shaft re-
volves, depresses a treadle, to the end of which a band is attacked, which'
operates in such a way as to relieve the shuttle boxes from the action of the
pring, and they then descend. In relieving the picker from the point of the
huttle, I make use of the protection rod, constituting a part of the apparatus"
mployed in the ordinary power loom, for stopping the loom when the shuttle

page_text: does not arrive home in the shuttle box; from the protection rod which
extends along below the shuttle boxes I allow a small arm or finger to
descend, which finger, as the lathe comes up towards the breast beam, strikes
against a stop or pin attached for that purpose to the frame of the loom,
causing the protection rod to work or revolve to a short distance. This gives
motion to two arms which extend out from the extreme ends of the protection
rod, opposite to the outer ends of each of the shuttle boxes. From these arms
motion is communicated to a lever which works on a fulcrum over the outer
ends of each of the shuttle boxes, the said arms being connected to the levers
by rods or wires. By depressing the outer ends of these levers, their inner
ends are raised; and to these ends are appended rods which carry pieces of
wood or metal, which, when down, rest on and embrace the picker rod; and
in that position they serve to hold the picker at a short distance from the end
of the shuttle box, and to stop the shuttle; the picker is then removed from the
point of the shuttle by the raising of the lever, the picker being made to pass
home to the end of the box, leaving the shuttle and shuttle box free to
be raised or lowered without obstruction, the picker being also ready again
to act on a shuttle. Having thus given a general description of my improve,
ments, I now proceed to exemplify the same by reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
In the Sheet of Drawings marked A, Fig. 1. is a front view in perspective of
my improved counterpane power loom; and Fig. 2, a back view of one end of
the shuttle boxes, this being drawn for the purpose of shewing the particular
construction and arrangement of this part of the machinery, which could not be
exhibited in the front view. In Fig. 1, the breast beam is not represented, it
being removed for the purpose of shewing the lathe and the parts connected
therewith more distinctly. The jacquard apparatus, which is employed to regulate
the figure, and is perfectly well known, being in general use, I also use as
heretofore constructed, but it is not represented in the Drawing, it not being
deemed necessary to describe it; but I have fully shewn those parts which
constitute my improvements. A, A, are the picker staves; and B, the picker
treadle; D is the cam for working this treadle, operating in the usual manner;
E, E, are two straps which are attached to the picker treadle; these straps
pass over the pullies F, F, and are attached by their outer ends to the
pullies G, G, which carry the staves A, A, and these are consequently acted
upon simultaneously. The rods or staves A', A', serve to cause the pickers to
pass home; when the pieces of wood, &c. above referred to are raised, these rods
are drawn towards the outer ends of the shuttle boxes by the action of the
spiral springs C, C, the use of which will more fully appear when describing
:

page_text: the parts shewn in Fig. 2. The following is the arrangement devised by me
for raising and depressing the shuttle boxes :-A shaft H, I, is made to extend
along under the race beam, and this shaft carries the pinions I, I, which take
into vertical racks J, J, attached to the shuttle boxes. I sometimes use a
single rack affixed at the middle of each box, but I prefer the placing of the
rack and pinion at each end of each box, as shewn in the Drawing. There is a
pulley L on the shaft H, and this shaft is made to revolve by means of a
band K, one end of which is attached to and laps around the said pulley. The
band K passes thence around pullies a, a', the pulley a being attached to the
frame; and the pulley a', either to the frame or to the floor. The spiral spring
M, affixed to the back of the loom, draws on the band K, attached to its fore
end, so as, to cause the pulley L and the shaft H to revolve and raise the
shuttle boxes; when the spiral spring M is relieved from its action on the band K,
the shuttle boxes will descend by their own gravity; when this is to take place,
the tension of the spring is taken off by the action of the cam N, placed on the
main shaft of the loom, which cam is so formed as to depress the treadle O,
which drawing on the part P of the band K, takes off the action of the spiral
spring therefrom, and the shuttle boxes descend. The protection rod Q, Q;
and its appendages, used for stopping the loom when the shuttle does not
arrive home, are employed by me in the ordinary way; but I also make use of
this protection rod for the purpose of relieving the shuttle from the picker in
the following manner :-R is an arm or finger, which is affixed to and descends
from the protection rod, and this, as the lathe approaches the breast beam,
strikes against the stop S, attached to the frame of the loom, and causes a .
partial revolution of the protection rod; T, T, are arms on its extreme ends,
which arms are connected to two vibrating levers U, U, by a rod Z, Z, which
work on fulcra on the ends of the lathe above the shuttle box. Fig. 2 is a
back view of the outer end of one of the shuttle boxes, shewing the manner in
which the lever U and its appendages operate. The piece of wood or metal V;
which is raised or lowered by the action of the lever U, and which is represented
as resting on the picker W, will, when the inner end of the lever U is down,
rest upon the picker rod X, where it serves to arrest the picker and stop the
shuttle. When the lever U is raised, the picker is thereby allowed, to pass
home, and is consequently removed from the point of the shuttle, and this and
the shuttle box are left free to be raised or lowered. The rod A' bears against
the pin b, projecting from the picker, and serves to remove it from the shuttle
when the piece V is raised. The rods c, c, support the pin b, and serve as
guides to the rod A'; the cord d connects the upper end of the rod A¹ to
the upper end of the stave A, in order that the stave may by its inotion move'

page_text: the rod also; I would here remark, that a weight may be substituted for the
spiral or other spring M, that the shuttle boxes may be raised by springs
placed immediately under them, and that the tension of such springs may be
taken off by means analogous to those described, but it will be manifest to
every competent machinist that any such variation of the respective parts will
not substantially change the character of this Invention. The manner of
constructing and arranging the apparatus, as set forth, is that which is deemed
the best in practice.
Having thus fully described the nature of the improvements under the first
-head, and shewn the manner in which the same are carried into operation,
what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,―
First, the manner in which the picker staves are operated upon by a. single
treadle so as to act simultaneously, whereby two or more shuttles may be
thrown successively from the same shuttle box, if required, the apparatus there-
fore being constructed substantially as set forth.
· Secondly, I claim the raising of the shuttle boxes by the action of a spring
or springs, weight or weights, and the allowing them to descend by their
own gravity, when the tension of the spring or force of the weight is taken off,
the same being effected in the manner described or in any other analogous
thereto.
Thirdly, I claim the relieving of the shuttle from the picker by means of an
apparatus constructed and operating as herein set forth, (that is to say,) by the
combined action of the levers U, the pieces V, and the rods A', connected and
operating substantially as described.
Second head. The improvements under the second head consist,-.
First, in the manner, in which I construct and arrange the toothed gearing
so as to obtain the power that is necessary for the lifting of the weights which
are suspended from the harness in looms intended for figured weaving, which
weights, with the friction consequent thereon, produce a very considerable
resistance, which it is necessary to overcome.
.. Secondly, in the arrangement of the parts concerned in the stopping of the
loom by the manner in which the protecting rod acts thereon.
Thirdly, in an apparatus for counteracting the momentum of the loom when
it is thrown out of gear, for changing the spools or for any other purpose.
In the accompanying Drawing, in the Sheet marked B, Fig.1 is a perspective
view of those parts of the loom which it is necessary to shew for the purpose
of illustrating my improvements, the parts thereof, not necessary to this illus
tration being omitted; this view is taken from the end which contains the
toothed gearing; Fig. 2. is a top view of this gearing and of a part of the

page_text: frame and its appendages. A; A', are a fast and loose pulley, which are of the
ordinary kind; on the shaft B of these pullies there is a small driving wheel C
which gears-into the large wheel D. The wheel C may vary in size, according
to the power to be gained; in the machine from which the Drawing is taken,
5 it has thirty-two teeth, and the wheel D one hundred and fifty teeth. On the
shaft of D' there is a wheel E, with fifty teeth, which gears into the wheel F
of a hundred and fifty teeth, which wheel is on the cam shaft E', and drives
the wheel G. upon the crank shaft, which carries the cranks by which the
lathe H is operated. This number of teeth will shew the relative proportions
or diameters of these wheels; this, however, may be varied in a manner well
understood by machanists without varying the principle or mode of action of
the combination. It is to be understood, however, that the wheels E and F.
must be of the same size with each other, or of such relative proportion as
to bring the arresting pin I on the wheel. D, which serves to stop the loom
round, so as to be arrested by the stop lever J at the moment when the lathe
arrives at the proper point of its motion in approaching the breast beam. The
following is the manner of arranging the parts concerned in the stopping of
the loom :K, K, is the protecting rod; which is constructed in the ordinary
way. In the protecting rod as heretofore used, the bayonet L acts upon a
lever placed under the breast beam, the outer end of which lever causes the
machine to be thrown out of gear by the shifting of the band. Instead o
acting upon such a lever, I allow the bayonet L to come into contact with a
projecting piece M on a rotating shaft. Fig. 3 shew's the under side of the
breast beam, and the manner in which I arrange the rotating shaft and connect
it with other parts. N is the rotating shaft, and when the bayonet on the pro-
tecting rod comes into contact with the projecting piece M, on the inner end
of this shaft, it will cause it to rotate sufficiently far to allow the bayonet to pass
the piece M freely, and thus to obviate the injury which would be likely to
occur by the sudden arresting of, the lathe when under the full momentum of
the machine, as is the case in tlio ordinary loom. The cam O on the end of
this shaft liberates the shipper spring O', and shifts the band in the usual way.
The spiral spring N is.attached to the shaft, and to thic breast beam in such
manner as.to cause the shaft to resume its "proper position when left free to
do so. The additional apparatus for suddenly arresting the motion of the
loom when the. shuttle. is in. the warp; and consequently does not enter the
shuttle box, consists of a sliding shaft P, which is forced forward by the spiral
spring Q, and is held back by a stop piece R, made fast upon the shaft N
:the said stop piece bearing against a shoulder on P, and, when this shaft N
vibrates; the sliding rod:P will consequently be relieved; and carried-forward

page_text: to the requisite distance for causing the vertical shaft T to rotate to a short,
distance, the shaft being connected to the sliding shaft P by an arm U,
which receives a pin on the sliding shaft. The rotating of the shaft T causes
it to draw in the stop lever J, so as to stop the wheel D by bringing its
'upper end into contact with the arresting pin I, as will be readily under-
stood by examining the Drawing. The pin I being close to the periphery
of this wheel acts with a leverage equal to its radius, and produces the desired
effect with perfect safety to the machinery. The following is a description of
the apparatus for counteracting the momentum of the loom when it is thrown
out of gear:-V is a friction pulley, around the upper half of which passes a
friction band W. This band is made fast at one end to the lower part of the
back of the frame of the loom, and at the other end to a lever X, suspended
somewhat like a treadle, and operating as a weight to the band. When the
sensible
lever X is raised, the pulley V will revolve without making any
'friction on the band, but when it is down a very powerful friction will be pro-
"duced by the mere adhesion of the band to the pulley. The lever X is con-
nected by a rod to the elbow lever y, and when the slipper spring is held in
it keeps the lever X elevated; but when the said spring is liberated the lever
X will be allowed to fall and produce the required friction upon the pulley V.
'It will be readily perceived that variations may be made in the arrangement of
each of the three combinations above described, whilst the same results may be
obtained; I do not intend, therefore, by anything contained in the foregoing
description, to limit myself to the precise form and combination of parts herein
given, but to vary these as I may think expedient, whilst I attain the same
end by analogous means. For example, instead of the rotating shaft for
throwing the loom out of gear, a vibrating lever may be employed, which shall
allow the bayonet of the protection rod to pass it, whilst its opposite end might
'be made to produce the motions now attained by means of the rotating shaft,
a mode of operation and a result which I should deem analogous to those
described. Instead of the band on the friction pulley, a friction brake may be
brought into play, and the result in this case would be nearly the same, but I
have given those methods of construction which I think are the most simple,
direct, and efficient. Instead of attaching the arresting pin I to the wheel D
'there may be three such pins attached to and projecting from the wheel F, at
'such points near its periphery as will cause the notion of the: loom to be
arrested at the proper time by the action of a stop lever. The stop lever J
must in this case be so arranged as to be brought into contact with one of the
arresting pins at the proper time by means analogous to that described, but
modified to suit the change of position. Should the relative revolutions of the

page_text: lathe and cam shafts be altered, the number of arresting pins must be adapted
thereto. What I claim as constituting my improvements on the power loom
for weaving counterpanes and other figured fabrics,. and which I desire to
secure by Letters Patent, is the manner in which I have arranged the toothed
gearing as herein described, so as in the first place to obtain the power which
is necessary to the overcoming of the resistance produced by the weights and
friction of the liarness in such a loom; and in the next place to regulate the
relative motions of the lathe and of the wheel D; for suddenly stopping the
machine by the action of the stop lever on the said wheel, the same being effected
by an arrangement of the said gearing substantially as herein set forth.
I claim the manner. in which I have constructed the rotating shaft, and
-combined it with the other parts connected with the stopping of the loom (that
is to say):
I claim the allowing of the bayonet of the protecting rod to pass freely
beyond the projecting piece on the rotating rod or lever against which it strikes
so as to prevent the sudden arresting of the lathe or of the motion of the loom
by the said bayonet when the shuttle does not arrive at its place within the
shuttle box, but remains in the warp; and in this. part I likewise, claim the
combining with the rotating shaft or lever the sliding shaft P and its append-
ages for acting upon the stop lever, and the suddenly arresting the motion of
the loom by the said stop lever at the time and substantially in the manner
.herein described.
: I claim likewise the combination of the friction pulley and band with the
apparatus for stopping the loom, the said friction pulley and band or other
device being connected with the loom and operating substantially in the
manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
Third head. The improvements in the power loom under the third head
-consist in the mode of mounting and of tying up the harness, and of working
the same by a combination of cams and treadles in such a manner as to
produce the fabric commonly known the name of imperial or Paisley
_counterpanes, and others analógous in character.
Fig. 1, Drawing C, is an end view of the machine, and Fig. 2 is a front
view. In Fig. 1, A, A; is the jacquard machine, which differs but little from
that in ordinary use, and it is shewn as resting upon the flooring B of the mill;
above, the loom C, C, are the knot cords, to which the neck of the harness is
tied at D, D, and these pass down through the heck frame E, and are tied to
the male cords at F, F, Fig. 2, by a knot of a sufficient size to enable the journal
or harness board G, G, when it rises, to lift the male cords H, H, and the
suspended weights. II', H'. The harness board or journal G is perforated

page_text: with smooth holes of suitable size to allow the male cords H, I, to pass
freely, and is guided by the guide rods I, I, in such a manner as to admit of a
vertical reciprocating motion. J, J, are stands to support the guides K, K.
M, M, is the framework of the end of the loom, and N the cross girth which
supports the middle of the main shaft O, O, to which the cams are attached.
P, P, are the boxes in which the said shaft revolves; Q is the front treadle
hanger, which is usually bolted to the end of the cross girth N; R, R, are
also treadle hangers, which are bolted to the bottom of the back girth of the
loom; S is the front harness which is usually a single leaf of heddles, but it
may consist of a series of leaves containing the requisite number of eyes;
these heddles are made in the ordinary way. In Fig. 2, the harness is not
represented. The working of this mounting or harness requires three prin-
cipal motions. The first motion is that of depressing it, which is effected as
follows: The cam T, shewn flatwise at No. 1 in Fig. 4, acts on the treadle U
F during the introduction of one thread of filling or woof, and through the
medium of a rod hidden by the rod V, but seen at V', works the vibrating
lever W, and thereby turns the shaft X, Fig. 2, thus elevating the arms Y, Y,
of the lever W, and the harness S, which is connected thereto by the cords Z, Z.
When the cam T begins to be relieved from its action, the cams a, a,.which
are shaped like ȧ, No. 2 in Fig. 4, and which act during the introduction of
two threads of filling, begin to act on the treadles b, b, and through-the
medium of the straps c, c, the jack d and straps e, e, depress the harness. S.
To avoid concealing other parts, the harness S, as before remarked, is not
shewn in Fig. 2, but the cords or straps z, z, to which it is attached, are repre-
*sented.
.
The second motion consists in raising and depressing the journal or harness
board G, and is thus effected:-The cam f, which is shaped as No. 1 in
Fig. 4, and is shewn at f, No. 3, acts during the introduction of one thread of
filling upon the treadle 9, which communicates motion by the rod V and the
vibrating lever h, to the shaft i, Fig. 2, which, through the medium of the arms
k, k, and the rods or cords., 1, raise the said harness board G, which falls by
its own gravity when the cam f ceases its action..
The third motion, or that for working the jacquard machine, is effected by
the cam m, which acts during the introduction of two threads of filling, and
is shaped like that marked a, No. 2 in Fig. 4, and is shewn at m in No. 8;.
'this acts on the treadle n, which communicates motion through the rod O' to
-the jacquard machine, which operates in the ordinary way. To weave the
fabric in question by the means herein described, one half of the chain or warp
is drawn through the front harness S, the other half through the jacquard

page_text: harness, and the motions are performed in the following order (viz), the
front harness S is raised, and a shot of fine filling is introduced; then while the
said harness is sinking, both the journal or harness board G and the trap board
p in the jacquard machine are raised simultaneously, or nearly so, and a second
thread of fine filling is introduced, the journal or harness board G then
descends with all those threads in this shed of the warp where the filling is
to be raised to form the figure, while the trap board p remains, holding up
those warp threads. Where plain cloth is required, a coarse thread of filling. is
now introduced, and the trap board then descends, and the harness S rises, as
before. The cloth may be wrought with either the plain or the figured side
up. In the action of the jacquard machine, as above described, the cloth is
supposed to be working with the figure side up, the only difference is, that
when the cloth is working with the figure side down, the jacquard machine
holds up the threads when the figure is required, in lieu of the threads when
the plain cloth is required, as in the other case. In gearing the loom, the
relative motions between the lay and the cam shafts are.as three of the former
to one of the latter, as will be manifest from the foregoing description, and as
herein described under the second head of my improvements.
sunk by the means of weights or.
The same may also be accomplished
instead of the cams a, a, levers may.
Modifications. The mode of arrangement represented in the Drawings will,
it is believed, answer best in practice; but the following modifications may be
made, and, accomplish the same end:-By doubling the cams, that is, by giving
two swells to each, the relative motion of the shafts would become six of the
lay shaft to one of the cam shaft, and thus effect the purpose required. In
lieu of the cams shaped like No. 1 in Fig. 4, an arm 7 may extend from the
cam shaft, having a. roller on its outer end, to act upon a segment piece s
fastened to the treadle, as shewn in Fig. 3. The harness S, instead of being
drawn down by the cams a', a', may be
springs attached to the under side of it.
by the action of the jacquard cam m', as
be introduced in such a manner that when the jacquard cam m! acts, the ends
of the said levers, which are made 'to connect with the harness S, shall cause it
to be depressed. A cam, shaped like T. in No. 1, Fig. 4, or the arm and roller,
as shewn in Fig. 3, may be substituted for the jacquard cam m', in which caso
the journal or harness board G may descend before the trap board p rises; or
counterweights, suspended from the knot cord, to insure their proper action on
the: trap board, and the weights or, springs also, or the cams a, a,.must be
used to sink. the harness S. The journal or harness board G may be madé
stationary, by adding another moveable journal, to be placed at the top of the.
jacquard machine, to be worked in the same manner.as the journal G. These

page_text: variations, and others of a character analogous thereto, would not, however,
substantially change the nature of my improvements, and would be mere
mechanical equivalents.
.
Having thus fully described the nature of the improvements in the loom for
weaving counterpanes and other figured articles, what I claim therein.under
this third head, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,-
First, the manner in which I have arranged and combined the three cams
m, f, and T (or such modifications of them as are substantially the same), with
the moveable journal or harness board G, and with the single leaf or shed of
harness S, and with the jacquard machine.
Second, I also claim, in combination with the cams m, f, and T, the cams
a, a, for depressing the harness S, arranged and operating in the manner set
forth, together with such modifications thereof as are within designated, or
which effect the same end by analogous means.
Third, I claim likewise the arrangement and combination of the vibrating
levers W and h, and of the harness board G, harness S, and treadles connected
therewith, combined and operating as herein set forth.
Fourth, now whereas the harness S may be worked without the using of the
cams a, a, and T, referred to in my first and second claims, by the employment
of other devices easily adapted by machinests, and at the same time the other
parts of the combination, consisting of the cams m and f, and the journal or
harness board G, and the jacquard machine, arranged as set forth, may still be
used; I claim separately and distinctly from the combination of all those parts
the combination of the cams m and f, with the moveable journal or harness
board G, and with the jacquard machine, in the manner set forth, as a new,
useful, and distinct combination, or method of working the said harness board
and jacquard machine.
Fourth head. The improvements under the fourth head are in the manner
of mounting the loom, tying up the harness, and working the same... In the
accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1, Sheet D, is an end view of the machine, and
Fig. 2, a front view thereof; the other Figures representing certain parts
detached from the main instrument. In each of these Figures, like parts are
designated by the same letters of reference. A, A, is the jacquard machine,
which does not differ materially from that in general use, and it is shewn as
supported on the floor B, B, above the loom; C, C, are the knot cords, which
are tied to the neck of the harness at D, these pass down through the back
frame E, and through the journal or harness board F, which is stationary, and
are connected to the males, which are not shewn in the Drawing, being hidden
by the breast beam J and the standard II. The weights G, G, are suspended

page_text: to the males in the ordinary way. The stationary journal or harness board F
is perforated with holes of a suitable size to allow the male cords to pass
freely through them. The said board is sustained at its ends by the standards
II, II, which are bolted to the framework I, I, of the end of the loom; J is the
breast beam; K, the bottom front girth, and L, the bottom back girth; M, M,
is the cam shaft, and N, N, the boxes in which it revolves. The respective
cams on this shaft operate upon treadles, and work the mounting and the
harness of the loom. O is the front treadle hanger, which may be bolted to the
middle cross girth P. The back treadle hangers Q, Q, are bolted to the
bottom back girth L. The treadles R, R, are suspended in the back treadle
hangers Q, Q, and these treadles have bars or rods S, S; jointed to and rising
vertically from them, which bars or rods support the harness roller T, T.
There are straps U, U, which pass round the roller T, T, and are attached at
their respective ends to the un:ler sides of the leaves of, harness V and W,
each of which is a single leaf of heddlos, made in the ordinary way, excepting
that the leaf V has no regular eye, but is merely looped or crossed at its
centre, as seen at No. 2, Fig. 4. The leaves of harness V and W are con-
nected by means of straps, cords, or wires X and Y, with two vibrating levers
Z, Z', and a, a', which are suspended from the hangers b, b, and vibrate freely
with their fulcra shafts c and d. e, f, are rods or cords, by. which the vibrating
levers Z and a are connected to their respective treadles g and h. In the
working of this mounting and harness, three principal motions are concerned.
The first is that of raising and depressing the leaf of heddles W, and this is
effected in the following manner :-Just as the leaf of heddles W is to be
raised, the cams i, i, which act during the introduction of one thread of
filling only, and which may be shaped like No. 1 in Fig. 3, begin to be relieved
from their action on the treadles R, R, and allow the roller T, T, to ascend the
cam j, which may be in the same shape with that marked i, No. 1 in Fig. 3,
then begins its action on the treadle g, and through the intermedium of the
rode, the vibrating levers a, a', and the cords or straps X, raise the harness W
to the position scen in Fig. 1. The manner of depressing this harness will be
explained in describing the second principal motion, which is as follows:-The
cam k, which also may be shaped like No. 1 in Fig. 3, acts on the tread!e h,
and through the medium of the rod f, the vibrating levers Z, Z, and the straps
or cords Y, Y, raise the harness or leaf of heddles V, and this being connected
to the leaf of beddles W, by the straps U, U, will cause the leaf of heddles W to
descend. When the cam k is ceasing its action in the treadle h the action of the
cams i, i, is renewed on the treadles R, R, and the roller T and harness V are
caused to descend. The third motion consists of that by which the jacquard

page_text: machine is worked, which is as follows:-The cam 1, which acts during the
introduction of one thread of filling or woof, begins to act upon the treadle mi,
and through the medium of the rod n, which is connected with the vibrating
lever o, o', works the jacquard machine A. The form of the cam l is shewn
at No. 2, Fig. 3, and in part also in No. 3 in the same Figure. The loom is
to be so geared that the relative motions of the cam shaft and the lathe shaft
shall be one of the former to three of the latter, being the same as that
described by me under the second head for improvements in the gearing, pro-
tection, and counteracting momentum, or throwing out of gear. In preparing to
weave the fabric in question, one half of the warp is drawn into the harness or
leaf of heddles W, and the other half through the loop in the harness or leaf of
heddes V. This is also drawn through the jacquard harness, there being a
loop of the former to every male of the latter. When the machine is
thus prepare, the motions are performed in the following order :-The harness
or leaf of heddles W is raised, and a thread of fine filling thrown though, it then
descends, and. at the same time the harness V, and the trap board p of the
jacquard machine, are raised, these motions. taking place simultaneously, or
nearly so; the trap board p takes up all those threads in the warp which are
drawn through the male in the jacquard harness where plain cloth is required,
whilst the remainder of the warp threads which are drawn through the males
in the jacquard harness, that is to say, those threads of warp over which the
coarse filling floats, to form the figure, and which are not raised by the trap.
board p, are raised by the leaf of heddles or harness V, as shewn separately
at No. 1 of Fig. 4; another thread of fine filling is now introduced, and the
leaf of heddles or harness V descends, a coarse shot of filling is then introduced,
and the trap board p descends, whilst the leaf of harness W rises as before,
and the same routine is repeated. I have thus described this modification of
my manner of mounting and working the loom, and in so doing have presented
that arrangement of the respective parts which appears to me to be the best;
this arrangement, however, may be further modified by varying the situation and
the proportion of certain parts, whilst the same end will be attained, and that by
means substantially the same. Of such changes the following may be given as
examples: By doubling the camis, that is by giving 'two' swells or acting parts to
each, the loom may be in other respects so geared that the relative motions of the
cam shaft and the lathe shaft shall be one of the former to six of the latter.
Instead of the cams i, i, and j, k, an arm, with a roller on its end, may be made
to act upon a suitable segment piece, affixed to the treadle, as represented at
No. 4, Fig. 3. In lieu of the cam l, which acts during the introduction of two
threads of filling, a cam'acting during the introduction of one thread only may be

page_text: substituted, in which case the trap board p'will not rise simultaneously with the
leaf of headles or harness V, but will rise when the harness V is descending.:
Instead of placing the harness roller T, T, below the heddles or harness V and:
W, it may be placed above them, as shewn at No. 2 in Fig: 4, in which case
two cams, which may be in shape like No. 2, Fig. 3, acting during the intro-
duction of two threads of filling may be used instead of the cams i, i, to act
upon their respective treadles. The cloth may be woven with either side up
by adapting the jacquard and other motions to the reversed position. Such.
variations will suggest themselves, and will be readily understood to those"
habituated to the construction and use of looms.
Having thus fully described the nature of the improvements in the manner
of mounting the loom, tying up the harness, and working the same, and having, :
under the third head of "Improvements in the manner of mounting the harness
and working the same," fully described and distinctly claimed a part of the:
devices and combinations herein described, I do not therefore under this fourth
head repeat the claims thereto, but limit them to what is not contained in the
said third head, and which I believe to be new in the arrangement and com->
bination of certain parts of the loom as herein set forth.
And, first, I claim the manner in which I have arranged and combined the
cams l, k, and j, with the two leaves of heddles or harness V and W, with the
fixed or stationary journal or harness board F, and with the jacquard machine,
so that the said parts shall co-operate with each other substantially as herein.
described.
.
Secondly, I claim the manner of combining the cams l, k, and j, and the
cams i, i, with the roller T, and with the vibrating levers a, a', and Z, Z', so
arranged and connected as by their conjoint action to produce the effects herein
set forth and described.
Fifth head. The improvements under this head are intended to adapt the
said loom to the "weaving of the figured fabrics with a loose back, commonly.
known by the names of imperial or French quilts, and impérial petticoat robes,"
and other articles of an analogous character. To effect this object, I have.
devised certain new and improved modes of mounting the loom; of tying up the
harness, and of working the same by a particuliar combination of cams, so as to
produce the above-named fabrics in their different varieties. In the accom-
panying Drawings Fig. 1, Sheet E, is an end view of the improved loom'; }
Fig. 2 is a front view thereof; and Figs. 3 and 4, certain parts detached from
the main boby of the machine. In each of these Figures like parts are desig--
nated by the same letters of reference. A, A, is the framework of the end of
the loom; B, the breast beam; C, the bottom back, and D the bottom front

page_text: L is the front
M, M, are the
theso
girth; E is a portion of the middle cross girth; F, the centre Dox, and 1, 1,
the end boxes, which receive the gudgeons, and form the bearings of the cam
shaft G, to which shaft are attached the cams II, II, I, J, and K. The cams
I, I, I, and J, may each have the shape represented at No. 1 in Fig. 3, their
acting faces being of such extent as to operate during the time required for the
introduction of two threads of filling or woof. The cam K may be in form
like that shown at No. 3 in Fig. 3, its acting face being of that extent as to
operate during the time of introducing three threads of filling.
treadle hanger, which may be bolted to the cross gith E; and
back treadle hangers, bolted to the bottom back girth C. The jacquard
machine N, N, which is represented as standing on the floor O, O, of the mill
above the loom, does not differ materially from those in common use. P, P,
are the knot cords, and these are tied at. R to the neck of the harness S, S;-
this passes down through the heck frame Q, and through the stationary journal
or harness board T, and is connected with the males in the usual
way;
males are of the ordinary kind, but are not seen in the Drawing, being con-
cealed by the breast beam in Fig. 2, and by the stand or support U of the
harness board in Fig. 1.. The weights V, V, are suspended from the males in
the usual manner. W is the trap board of the jacquard machine, and this is
guided by the guide rods X, X, which are connected to the lifting bars Y, Y;
the lifting bars are attached by joint pins to the vibrating levers Z, Z,
extending out from the fulcrum shaft a. On the opposite side of this shaft the
arm 6 extends out, and is connected by the rod c to the treadle D. Tho
treadles, e, e, which are hung to M, M, at the back of the loom, have the bars
ff, connected to them by joint pins; these bars rise vertically from the
treadles, and receive at their upper ends the journals of the harness roller g.
h, h, are straps which pass around this roller, and are connected at their respec-
tive ends to the lower sides of the leaves of heddles or harness i and j, the said
leaves being of the ordinary kind; k, k, and I, 1, are straps, cords, or wires, by
which the upper sides of the leaves of harness i and jare connected to the
vibrating levers m, m, and n, n, which extend out from the fulcrum
shafts o and p; these shafts are sustained by and turn on the hangers u, u,
shown as bolted to the flooring O. The arms 9 and r, which project from
the shafts o and p in a direction opposite to the arms m and n, are connected
by the cords or rods s and t.to the treadles and w, by which they are
respectively actuated. In operating the loom with the mounting and harness,
as described, there are three principal motions required. The first of these is
the working of the jacquard machine, and this is effected in the following
way: The cam K acts upon and depresses the treadle d, and this, through the

page_text: intermedium of the rod or cordz and the vibrating levers 6 and Z, works the
jacquard machine in the manner required. The second and third motions
servo to work the leaves of heddles, and are as follows:-Let it be supposed
that the leaves of heddles i and j are both in a raised position, as takes place
during the operation of the loom, then the leaves of harness or heddles i will
be depressed in the following manner:-As the cam. I is relieved from its
action on the treadle v, the cams H, H, commence theirs on their respective
treadles e, e, and depress the roller g, and thereby draw down the harness or leaf
of heddles i; the cam I then renews its action on the treadle v, and by means
of the rod, lever, and straps connected therewith raises the harness i, which
being connected with the harness j by the straps h, h, sinks the harness or leaf of
heddles;; the cams H, H, are then relieved from their action on their respective
treadles, and the cam J again commences its action on the treadle w, and raises
the heddles or leaf of harness j. In preparing the loom to work the fabric in
question two kinds of warp are usually employed, and that part of it which is
to form the face of the cloth is drawn into the heddles i and j in the same way
in which the warp is drawn into the harness of tho ordinary loom for weaving
plain cloth, and that part of the warp which is to form the back of the cloth is
drawn into the jacquard harness in two equal sheds. In working the mounting
and harness in this loom the motions take place in the following order :-First.
the leaf of heddles or harness i is depressed and the trap board of the jacquard
machine is raised at the same time, and a thread of fine filling is then intro-
duced, the leaf of harness i is then made to rise and that of j to descend, and
another thread of fine filling thrown in; the said leaf j then rises, and a thread
of coarse filling is introduced, the trap board W descends and rises again, while
the leaf of heddles i is sunk as before. The gearing or mounting in this loom
is so calculated as that the cam shaft shall have one revolution to three of the
lathe shaft.
.
'
I have thus fully described the manner in which I intend in general to
construct and arrange the respective parts of this loom so far as its peculiar
action is concerned, but this arrangement may be variously modified without
departing substantially from the principle or manner of operation upon which
it is dependant: I have said that in the instrument as described there must be
three motions of the cam shaft to one of the lathe shaft; but by giving two
swells or acting parts to the 'cams, the relative motions of the cam and lathe
shafts would require to be six of the latter to one of the former. In lieu of
the cams shaped like No. 2 in Fig. 3, that is; those which are in action during
the time of introducing one thread of filling, an arm and roller acting upon a
segment piece affixed to the treadle, as shewn at No. 4, Fig. 3, may be

page_text: employed. The harness roller .9; instead of being made to work below the
warp, may be placed above it, as
represented in Fig. 4, in which case the
canis, which are formed like that shown at No. 2, Fig. 3, that is, those which
operate during the time of introducing one thread of filling only, may be used
to work the leaves of heddles or harness i and j, in lieu of those shaped like
No. 1 in Fig. 3, a change the nature of which will be obvious to every.com-
petent machinist. The jacquard machine with double trap boards may be used
with the stationary journal or harness board T. The cloth may be woven with
cither side up by merely transposing the acting parts by which the mounting
is operated and the pattern formed, as will be readily understood by any
person conversant with the construction and operation of such looms. What
is claimed as new in the manner of constructing the loom for weaving imperial
quilts and other figured fabrics with a loose back' is, the manner of combining
the cam I, J, and K, with the two leaves of harness i and j, with the stationary.
harness board T and with the jacquard machine, for the purposes herein made
made-known and described.
Sixth Head. In the accompanying Drawings; Fig. 1 in Sheets F, F, is an
end view of my improved loom, and Fig. 2, a front view thereof. The other
Figures represent certain parts in detail, to be presently' explained. In each of
the Figures, whero-the same parts are represented, they are designated by the
same letters of reference. A, A, is the framework of the end of the loom
B is the breast beam; C, the front bottom girth; D, the bottom back girth;
E, a middle girth, upon which is affixed the box F;which constitutes the
middle bearing of the revolving cam shaft G. The end boxes or bearings of
this shaft are shown at-H, H. In No. 1; Fig. 8, the 'respective.. cams are
shewn as seen when looking along the cam shaft endwise. The cams I, I,
J, J, and K, liave each two sweells, or are double cams. Each swell of these
cams acts during the introduction of one thread of woof or filling. These cams
may each have the form represented by. No. 4, Fig. 3. The swells of the cam
K correspond in form with those marked L and M, as shewn in the end view
No. 1, Fig. 3. These latter' camis Land M have each one swell only, as
shown by. No. 3, Fig. 3. Each of these acts during the time of introducing
one thread of filling. The cams N and Ohave each one swell or-acting
part, of such extent as to act during the time of introducing three threads
of woof or filling. The form of these canis is shewn at No. 2, Fig. 3,
and they are seen in part at N; N, 0, 0, No. 1, Fig. 3. P is the front
treadle langer, which may be bolted to the middle' cross girth E. The two
back-treadle hangers Q, Q, I bolt to the back girth D.: The jacquard machine
R, R, is shown as resting on the floor. S, S, above the loom. This machine

page_text: is furnished with two trap boards T and U, which trap boards are guided
by the rods V, V, and W, W, the said rods sliding vertically in the stands
X, X, which are bolted to the framework of the machine. Y, Y, and Z, Z,
are connecting or lifting rods; by- which motion is communicated to the rods
V and W, by the vibration of the vibrating levers a, a, and b, b, which levers
are attached to the shafts c and d, extending from side to side of the.machine;
and vibrating on suitable bearings. The opposite arms e and f, on-the same
shafts c.and 'd, shown in Fig. 1, are connected to the treadles g and h by their
respective cords or wires i and.j. The polygon or prism. which carries the
pattern card of the jacquard machine is peculiar in its construction, and. is
described and claimed in the Specification of an improved loom for weaving in
grain and other carpets, for which loom Letters. Patent. were granted to my
partner, Miles Berry, of the Office for Patents aforesaid;, on the Twenty-
seventh day of November last, and the Specification of which Invention was
duly inrolled on or before the Twenty-seventh day of May now last past, and
to which I now refer for the manner of constructing and arranging the said
polygon or prism. By this arrangement one of the trap boards is allowed to
descend whilst the other rises without disturbing the action of the knot cords;
and I thereby counteract the unequal action of the harness weights upon the
cams by which they are raised The knot cords k, k, are tied at:m, m,-to-the
neck of the harness I, 1, and the threads of the harness pass down through the
heck frame n, and are tied to the male cords o, o, by knots at p, p, which knots.
are of a size sufficient to prevent their entering the holes in the journals or
harness boards q and ŕ, thereby causing the said journals or harness boards,
when raised, to lift the males s, s, and their weights t; t, t. The journals or
harness boards q and rare perforated with: smooth holes, of a suitable size to
allow the male cords o, o, 'to pass freely through them. These journals are
supported by the guide rods u; u, which, slide up and down in the stands w, w;
which are bolted to the stands x,, that make a part of the end framework.
A, A, of the loom. The wires or cords y, y, y, and z, z, z, 'are those which
serve to connect the journals: q' and'r with their respective vibrating. levers
a, a, and 6; 6. These levers project from their fulcrum shafts c'; d, which
shafts vibrate in the hangers e, e, the said hangers being bolted to the
flooring S. One of each of the arms a and b is shown in the end view; Fig. 1;
and also the two arms and. 9', which vibrate on the same shafts c' and d'
These latter arms are connected to the treadles h¹ and i¹ by the rods." and k¹:
Above the fulcrum shafts 'd', c', is a third fulcrum shaft o'; seen also in the end
view, Fig 1, carrying the arms n' and p The rod m connects the treadle l
to the vibrating arm n'. This shaft turns also in the hanger ee. The

page_text: arms p', p', which are on the opposite side of the shaft o' to that marked n³,
carry the roller q', around which roller pass the straps r¹, r, which connect
with and support the leaves of harness or heddles s' and t. The straps r¹, r¹,
are shewn as cut off in Fig. 2, and the back portion of that shewn in Fig. 1
is marked. These heddles are connected to the treadles u', u', and v', v',
respectively by the jacks w¹ and a³, and by the straps y¹ and z¹. The leaves
of heddles or harness s³ and are such as are in common use. There are
under this arrangement six principal motions concerned in the working of the
harness and its appendages. The first is the working of the trap board T, and
is as follows:-Tho cam N acts on the treadle g, and this, through the medium
of the rod i, and the vibrating lever.c, a, Fig. 1, raises the connecting rod Y
and the rod V, and consequently the trap board T, which is attached to it.
This board falls by the gravity of its connecting parts, when the cam N ceases
its action on the treadle g. The second motion is that by which the trap board
U-is worked; this is effected in the following manner:-The cam O forces
down, the troadle h, and this being connected to the vibrating lever f, b, by the
rod j, lifts the connecting rods Z, Z, and the guide rods W, W, which raises the
trap board U, and this falls when the cam O. ceases its action on the treadle h.
The third motion is that of working the journal or harness board 7, and
is effected as follows:-The cam L depresses the treadle h', and this
being connected to the vibrating lovers a', a', by, the rod j, and these to tho
journal by the wires y, y, raiso it, and when the cam L is relieved from
its action on the treadle h', the journal falls by its own gravity. The fourth
motion is that of working the journal or harness board i, which is effected
in the following manner:-The cam M depresses the treadle ¹, which is
connected to the vibrating levers g', b', by the rod e¹, and these by the cords or
strapsz, z, to the journal board r, which board is consequently raised by the
action of the cam, and again descends by its own gravity, when the action ceases.
The fifth and sixth motions consist of those by which the leaves of hedd!es
or harness s¹ and t¹ are worked, and are as follows:-The fore sides of the
straps are connected to the heddle s',. and their back sides to the heddle t¹;
the heḍdle s¹ is connected to the treadles u', u', by straps, one of which is seen
at y', whilst the heddle t', which is connected above to the back portion
the strap, is also connected by straps, one of which is seen at ', to the
treadles v', v, which treadles have their hangers Q, Q, on the back girth of the
loom. The cam K acts upon the treadle P, and this treadle is connected to
the arm n' of the vibrating lever on the shaft o' by the rod m', and by its action
serves to raise the arms p', p³, and the strap roller q' attached to them, to the
.position shown in the Drawing. When the cam K ceases its action on the
of

page_text: j.1
treadle l, the arms p' and the strap roller q' are free to descend, and whilst
this is taking place, the cams I, I, act on their respective treadles u', u', and
through the agency of the straps y', y', and the jacks w³, sink the front harness
s', whilst & remains stationary, the strap passing round the roller g³, which
revolves for this purpose. When the cams I, I, cease their action on their
respective treadles, the cams J, J, commence theirs on the treadles v¹, v¹, and
through the medium of the straps and the jacks a sink the leaf of heddles
or harness t, and this being connected to the harness s¹ by the straps r¹, causes
the harness s¹ to rise. As the cams J, J, are relieved from their action on
their treadles, the cam K again comes into action on its treadle l', raising the
strap roller q' and the harness t to the position shown in Fig. 1. The warp from
which the cloth in question is to be made is usually of two kinds of thread;
that which is nsed to form the face is drawn through the leaves of heddles or
harness s' and ', in the same way in which a web is drawn into the harness of
a common loom for the purpose of weaving plain cloth. The other part of
the warp, or that which is used to form the back of the cloth, is drawn öne
half through the males connected with the cords, passing through the journal q,
and the other half through the males connected with the cords, passing through
the journal r. The respective motions are performed in the following order:
When the loom is in that stage of its operation which is shewn in Fig. 1, the
trap board U and the journal r are about to descend, and whilst this is taking
place, the trap board T is raised and the harness & depressed. A thread of
fine filling is now introduced, and the harness t¹ is depressed, whilst the harness
s' is raised. Another thread of fine filling is now introduced, and the harness t¹
and the journal q rise simultaneously, or nearly so; a thread of coarse filling is
then introduced; the trap board T, the journal q, and the harness s', then
descends, whilst the trap board U is raised, and a thread of fine filling again
introduced; the harness s¹ then rises, whilst the harness t¹ sinks, and another
thread of fine filling is passed through the warp; the harness & and journal r
now rise simultaneously, and a thread of coarse filling is introduced, which
again leaves the loom in the position shewn in Fig. 1, and ready to repeat the
successive motions in the same order. In gearing this loom, the relative
motions of the cam shaft and of the lathe shaft are as one of the former to:
six of the latter.
I have thus fully described the manner in which I intend in general to
construct and arrange the respective parts of this loom so far as its pecu-
liar action is concerned; but (as in all instruments of this description) the
arrangement may be variously modified without departing substantially from
the principle or means of operation upon which it is dependant. Instead

page_text: of the cams that are shaped like Nos. 3 and 4, (that is to say,) those which act
only during the introduction of one thread of filling, arms may be used
furnished with rollers on their ends, and acting in a segment piece affixed to the
treadle, as seen at No. 5, Fig. 3. The roller: harness q', instead of being placed
over the warp as in Fig. 1, may be placed below it, as shown in No. 1, Fig. 4,
by making the following alterations in the form and arrangement of the cams:
In place of the cams I, I, J, J, and K, which act on their respective treadles
u, u, v, v, and, cams, formed like those shown at No. 2 in Fig. 4, may be
used, they being in this case arranged, as shewn at Fig. 7. The jacquard
machine, with a single trap board may be substituted for a double trap board
machine. The stationary or fixed journal or harness board may be used
instead of the movable journals or harness boards and g; the other parts
operating as before. The quilts, &c.; will in this case be, woven with a loose
back.. By adding a stationary harness board, to be fixed to the standards a
the movable journals or harness boards 9.and r may be worked at the top of
the jacquard machine, in the same manner that the journals are operated in
the carpet loom, to the Specification of which I have. herein-before referred.
The cams for working the harness may be so- arranged as to admit of the
gearing of the loom in such manner as that the lathe shaft shall have three
revolutions only to one of the cam shaft.
•
I will now describe two modes of so arranging the parts as to produce this
result. The first of these is shown in Fig. 6, which is a plan or top view of
the respective cams and treadles, as also in Fig. 5. In this Figure, a¹¹ is a
cog wheel made fast to the cam shaft G, which cog wheel gears into another
cog wheel b, of twice the size of a"; the wheel 6" is fastened to a shaft e",
which revolves in the boxes. f", ". A second cog wheel c" is affixed to the
shaft e, and this gears into the cog wheel d", which is of the same size with
c. The wheel d" is made fast to a hollow shaft, through which the cam
shaft G passes, to which hollow shaft the cams L, N, O, and M are also
attached, and these therefore, together with the wheel d", are free to revolve
upon the shaft G; the said shaft will consequently have two revolutions, whilst
the wheel d" and the above-named cams have one. The cams I, I, J, J,
and K, which are employed in working the harness s' and t', are fastened to
the shaft G, and operate in the manner already described; in referring to
Figures 1 and 2, they however. have but one swell or acting part, and may be
shaped like No. 2, Fig. 11. The second mode of arranging the cams, to which
.I have referred as giving three revolutions of the blind shaft to one of the cam
shaft, is as follows:-Fig. 8 is a front view, and Fig. 5 a plan of the cams, cam
shaft, &c., under this modification. The cams I, I, J, J, and K work the

page_text: loaves of harness sand in the same manner as is described in the first or
main arrangement, but they have each only one swell or acting part, as in
No. 2, Fig. 11. The operation of the cams and of their appendages, in
working the jacquard machine and journals or harness boards 9 and r under
this arrangement, is as follows:-The two cams " and " are attached to the
cam shaft, G, and the, cam k may be formed like that shown at No. i
Fig: :11; it being of such size as to act during the introduction of three
threads of filling; the cam may be formed like No. 2 in the same Figure, it
is.to act during the time of introducing two threads of filling. Fig. 9 is a side
view.of two of the treadles, and of certain appendages thereto. In this Figure,
and in Fig. 5, s, t, u, and v" are four upright treadle bars (two only, 8" and
u", of which are seen in Fig. 9), which treadle bars have hooks formed on their
upper ends, as seen in Fig. 9. The bars and t" are attached by joint pin
to the treadle'm"; and u" and v" are in like manner attached to the treadle u".
These hooked treadle bars are to be acted upon so as to be forced backwards.by
four small cams upon a shaft ", which shaft revolves in bearings ",", the
cams upon the shaft are marked o", p", q", and "; a cog wheel ", on the shaft
, gears into a cog wheel g¹, which which is made fast to the main cam shaft G;
the wheel glis, balf the size of h", thereby giving one revolution to the shaft i¹!
by two revolutions of the cam shaft G. The bars s"; ", ", and v" are drawn
towards the small cams o", p", q", and ", by the spiral springs w", w". The
bars s, t, u, and " are to hook on to and to be disengaged from four. rods,
furnished with hooks at their lower onds, and connected at their upper ends to
the vibrating arms e, f,f', and g', respectively, and are to take the place and per-
form the office of the four rods i, f, f, and g', as shown in Fig. 1. These rods
are: shown in section or top. view at..", y", ", and a", Fig. 5: The rod a¹
is to be connected to the arm e; the rod y" to the arm f; the rod "¹ to .the
armif; and the rod a to the arm g. Two of these rods, only, all
and with their corresponding treadle bars s" and ", are shown in Fig. 9.
The hooks on the lower ends of the rods and on the upper ends of the treadle
bars are made to, engage with each other by means of the small cams on the
revolving shaft, in the proper order for producing the respective motions of
the vibrating levers.; and when these cams cease their action the hooks.aro
disengaged from each other by the action of the springs w, w"...The treadle
bars, may be affixed firmly to the treadles and the rods, by which they are
to be made to work; the respective vibrating levers may be acted upon by the
small cams on the revolving cam shaft t", as shown in Fig. 10,, in which Figure
bare springs which perform the same office with the spiral, springs in Fig. 9;
in other respects the action of these bars and rods is identical. No.jp

page_text: Fig. 10 is a guide plate, which is to be so placed as to guide and check the
respective rods. This guide plate may be bolted to the back girth D of the
loom. During the operation of the loom, the trap board T and the journal or.
harness board 9 work alternately with the trap board U, and the journal
or harness board r, (that is to say,) the leaves of harness or heddles s
and t¹ perform their motions. first in conjunction with the trap board T
and journal or harness board q, and then the said leaves of harness or
heddles and repeat their motions in like manner with the trap
board U and journal or harness thread r. The trap boards T and U are
under this last arrangement both worked by the action of the cam k¹¹ on the
treadle m", and the journals or harness boards 9 and'r are both operated by
he cam ¹¹ acting on the treadle n".
What is claimed as new in the combination and arrangement of the
parts of the loom for imperial quilts, and of other fabrics with a smooth
back, is, first, the manner of arranging and combining the cams L, N, O,
and M, with the movable journals q and r, and with the jacquard machine,
for the purpose set forth; I likewise claim the combination of the said
cams L, N, O, and M, together with the cams K, J, J, and I, I, with the
leaves of harness &¹ and t, with the movable journals 9 and 1, and with the
jacquard machine, in the manner and for the purposes above set forth,
together with such modifications of the said combination as are herein pointed
out, or which may be made in conformity with the general principle upon
which the operation is dependant, whilst the same ends are attained by means
substantially the same.
Seventh head. This improvement in looms consists, first, in the manner
of strengthening the lathe, the breast beam, and the top back girth, in order
to weave cloth of great width and thickness; and, secondly, in the manner
of delivering out the chain or warp, and of taking up the finished cloth,
which is effected in such a manner as to cause a given number of.threads
of filling to form a given length of cloth. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the
parts employed, and of the manner of using them to strengthen the lathe, the
breast beam, and the top back girth; Fig. 2 is an end view thereof; Fig. 3
is a plan giving a top view of the gearing and the lathe cranks, the lathe being
removed for the purpose of showing them the more distinctly; Fig. 4 is an
end view of the loom, showing the apparatus employed to deliver out the chain
or warp and to take up the finished cloth; Fig. 5 is a front view thereof;
Fig. 6 is a plan of the said apparatus with the breast beam removed. In
each of these Figures, where the same parts are shown, they are designated by
the same letters of reference.

page_text: The first improvement to be described is the mode of strengthening the
lathe, breast beam, and top back girth. The breast beam and top back girth
are strengthened by means of cross braces, extending across the loom from the
breast beam to the top back girth at suitable distances from each other and
from the ends of the loom. The lathe is strengthened by means of gearing it
at both ends of the loom, and by employing four swords and four lathe cranks.
A, A, is the main framework of the loom; B is the breast beam; and C, tho
top back girth; D and E are the back and front bottom girths; G, G, are the
cross braces used to strengthen the breast beam B and the back girth C, and
to support the shafts which operate the loom; H, H, is the driving shaft, which
extends along the loom, and has the cog wheels I, I, affixed to it, which wheels
gear into and drive the cog wheels J, J, affixed to the cam shaft K. When the
cam shaft-K extends across the loom, as shown in Fig. 3, one of the cog
wheels I, I, may be dispensed with; but in some cases it is convenient to
divido the cam shaft K in the middle, in which case both the wheels I, I, are
required. The cog wheels J, J, take into and turn the cog wheels L, L, which
are affixed to their respective lathe shafts M, M. To the shaft M, M, the
cranks N, N, are affixed. O, 0, 0, are the swords of the lathe, which vibrate
on their respective studs P, P, P. In the upper ends of the swords 0, 0, 0,
circular slots are formed, in which the rollers on the cranks N, N, N, work in
the ordinary way. Q is the lathe to which the swords 0, 0, 0, are bolted at
their upper ends. By this arrangement it is evident that cloths of great width
and thickness may be wrought without bending the breast beam, the top back
girth, or the lathe.
The second improvement to be described under this head is the mode of
delivering out the chain or warp and of taking up the finished cloth, which. is
effected in such a manner as to cause a given number of threads of filling to
form a given length of cloth. The apparatus by which this is effected is
shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6. R is the yarn beam, which contains the warp,.
and turns in bearings in the frame A. The warp passes from the yarn beam
R over the top back. girth, through the harness and reed, thence over the
breast beam B, down to and is wound on the cloth roller S. The cloth roller
S is turned to wind up the cloth by means of a lever, click, ratchet, and pinion,
operating in the common way. T is the lever, which is actuated by a stud
extending from one of the swords of the lathe O, O, and has the weight U
suspended from one end to give tension to the cloth; to the other end of the
said lever the click V is attached, which acts on the ratchet wheel W. X is
a pinion affixed to the ratchet wheel W, and takes into and turns the cog
wheel Y on the axis of the cloth roller S. This apparatus being in common

page_text: use its operation is well understood by machinists. The mode of delivering the
chain or warp from the yarn beam, and. of regulating its delivery therefrom, so
as to cause a given number of threads of filling to form a given length of
cloth is.described as follows: a and b are vertical shafts, which turn in
suitable standards.bolted to the frame A. To the lower ends, of these shafts.
the contrate. ratchet wheel c and d are affixed: 'e and fare vibrating levers.
placed above their respective ratchet wheels c and d, and turning on their
respective shafts a and b as their fulcra. g and h are. clicks which vibrate on
the arms.of their respective vibrating levers e and f; and act on and turn their
respective.. ratchet wheels cand d, as shown most distinctly in Fig. 6. The
other. arms, of the vibrating leverse and fare connected together by the rod i;
; is a stud which. projects from the outer side of the rod i; k is a connecting
rod, one end of which is jointed to the outer end. of the stud j,.and the other
end is: bent.in a hooked form and works in a groove in the stud n;.l is a spiral
spring, one end of which is attached to the rod i, and the other end to the
stand m, which is. bolted to the frame.A. When the lathe moves forward to
beat up the cloth,. the rod k.draws the rod i forward, which, through the
medium of.the.vibrating levers e and f, causes the clicks g and.h to turn their
respective. ratchet wheels c and d to a certain distance, then when the lathe
récèdes from the face of the cloth, the spiral spring 7.draws back the rod i
until the stud j, strikes the stand.m; which limits its motion. .By this arrange-
ment the click g is made to turn the ratchet wheel c one tooth.every thread of
filling introduced, while the click h is made to turn the ratchet wheel d' one or
more teeth, according to the length of warp required to be delivered out. There
is a worm or endless screw o affixed to the upper end of the vertical shaft b,
which takes..into and turns, the cog wheel p on the axis of the .yarn. beam R.
The mode of regulating the action of the click h:on the ratchet wheel d, so as to
cause the yarn beam R to give out the required length of warp, is described
as follows: A worm or endless-screw 9 is affixed to the upper end. of the
vertical.shaft.a, and takes into and turns the cog wheel. r, on the outer end.of
the shaft sy one end of the shaft, s turns in the frame A, and the other end
thereof in the stand t.. which is screwed to the under side of the breast beam.B;
u³.is a measuring.roller, the axes of which turn in the frame v.. The periphery
of the measuring roller is armed with sharp metallic points, to prevent: its
slippingon the cloth.. The measuring roller is connected to the shaft.s by
means of coupling joints w;w; which are so adjusted: as: to re use the shaft is to
turn the measuring.roller:, and at the same time to allow the said measuring
roller u³ to vibrate .vertically or horizontally. The frame vis..connected by
means of a joint pin to the vertical frame x; which vibrates in the stands y','y',

page_text: and is. suspended, therefrom, as shown distinctly in No. 1, Fig. 6; z is a
spring, which, acts on the vertical frame a, and forces the measuring. roller
u against the cloth; a! is a lever, one end of which vibrates in the stud b',
and the other end thereof is connected to the regulating lever c. Tho lever
a' is connected to the frame v by the rod d', so that when the framey is raised it
raises the lever a¹. The regulating lever c¹ vibrates on the fulcrum e'; and the
arm at the back side of the loom is connected to the click h by the cord or
wire f¹. The operation of this apparatus is as follows: I, have already said
that the cloth is wound on the cloth roller S by means of the lever T, the click
V, the ratchet wheel W, and the pinion X, which co-operate in such a manner
as to wind up the cloth as fast, as the delivery of the warps from the.
yarn beam
R allows it to pass from tlie loom. Now, suppose that the click h was allowed
to act on the ratchet wheel'd every vibration of the vibrating lever f, it is
evident that the length of the warps delivered from tho. yarn beam R,.during
the intoduction of a given number of picks of filling, would vary in proportion
to the,.variation in the diameter of the yarn beam, which is continually
diminishing, as the warps are delivered out To obviate, this difficulty, and
regulate the action of the click h'on the ratchet wheel d, the measuring roller
u' is employed, which is made to turn on its axis in such a degree as to cause
the periphery thereof to pass through a given space every thread of filling
introduced, that is to say, 'the periphery of the said measuring roller: "u¹ is
made to pass over as much space every thread of filling. introduced as the
said thread, of filling is to occupy in the cloth. Now, it will be evident, that
when the measuring roller u¹ is turned on its axis, as aforesaid, the metallic
points on its periphery will cause it to climb up on. the cloth, and raise the
frame.v, which, by means of 'the rod d', the levera¹; the regulating lever c', and
the cord or wire f, will depress the click h,. and allow it to act on the ratchet
wheel d, and turn the yarn beam R, then in case too much warp is being
delivered out, the measuring roller u¹ descends with the cloth; as it is wound
on the cloth roller S raises the click h, and cuts off its action on the ratchet
wheel d... Thus it is evident that a given number of threads of filling will form
a length of cloth equal to the spice passed over, by the periphery of the
measuring roller u', therefore the number of picks of filling to an inch in the
cloth may be varied at pleasure, either by varying the diameter of the
measuring roller u', or the number of teeth in the cog wheel r, or in the ratchet
wheel c.
The following modifications may be made in the manner of constructing
this apparatus:-First, instead of a single measuring roller with metallic
points on its periphery, two rollers may be used, which may be so arranged

page_text: in a vibrating frame as to press towards each other, with the cloth between
them, and these may climb up the said cloth when turned in the same manner,
and accomplish the same end as the single roller above described; secondly,
the measuring roller or rollers may be applied to act on the yarn or warp
instead of on the cloth; thirdly, the measuring roller or rollers may be so
arranged as to operate by forming a suitable connection therewith, to regulate
the action of the machinery employed to wind up the finished cloth, as well as
to regulate the action of the machinery employed to deliver out the warp.
These, together with similar modifications of the machine, may be made
without changing the principle on which it operates, the action being sub-
stantially the same with that herein described. .
Having thus fully described the improvements in the power loom compre-
hended under this seventh head, what I claim therein as new is the employ-
ment of a measuring roller or of measuring rollers operating upon the principle
or in the manner of that herein described, and marked u', for the purpose of
regulating the action of the machinery used to deliver out the chain or warp,
or to regulate the operation of that employed to take up the finished cloth.
And in combination therewith, I claim the manner of constructing and
arranging the apparatus by which the said measuring roller is connected with
such machinery, whether employed to deliver out the chain or warp, or to take
up the finished cloth, and these I claim, whether the apparatus used for
attaining the end in view be made precisely in the form and manner herein set
forth, or in any other form which is substantially the same in its construction
and operation. I have under this head also described certain improvements in
the manner of strengthening the lathe, the breast beam, and the top back
girth, in order to weave cloth of great width and thickness; and the manner in
which I have constructed and arranged the parts for effecting this object I
believe to be new; but as it relates exclusively to the manner of framing and
bracing the parts of the loom requiring to be strengthened for the purpose of
weaving broad and heavy fabrics, I have not deemed it necessary to claim an
exclusive right thereto, but have described it because an arrangement of this
kind will be found necessary in carrying the weaving of such goods into effect
by means of the power loom.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Newton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-one.
WILLIAM (Ls.) NEWTON..

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of July, in the fifth
year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said William Newton
came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged
the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and speci-
fied, in form above written. And also the instrument aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of the reign
of His late Majesty King George the Third.