Improvements in Telegraphic Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Sept., 1899
Complete Specification Left. 27th June, 1900-Accepted, 1st Sept., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Telegraphic Apparatus.
We, ALBERT CUSHING CREHORE, of Hanover, Grafton County, State of New
Hampshire, United States of America, Professor of Physics, and GEORGE OWEN
SQUIER, of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, Captain
in the United States Army, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to means for "earthing," i.e., discharging the electro-
static charge of a telegraphic line or cable on the termination of signals or
groups of signals by connecting the line or cable at the transmitter end to the
earth or other return through a low resistance and in connexion with an auto-
matic transmitter in which a perforated tape serves as a mechanical means for
passing electric currents in reverse directions through the line or cable.
According to this invention there is provided in the perforated tape an extra
row of holes which are so arranged that earthing will be thereby effected after
each signal, or group of signals, as may be desired.
Suitable apparatus for preparing such a tape comprises a set of three punches
each with a corresponding key and lever arrangement, these being adapted to
produce respectively a positive, a negative, and an earthing hole, with or without
an additional punch arranged to be operated by each of the keys (as by projections
located on the corresponding punches and arranged to engage with a projection
on the feed-hole punch or by extensions of the key levers) and adapted to produce
a corresponding feeding perforation in each case.
Ordinary tape perforators may be adapted for this purpose by providing the
spacing key with an additional punch arranged to produce the earthing holes.
To effect earthing by means of such a tape we provide two stationary contact
pieces arranged to make contact with each other through each earthing hole of
the tape on its passage between them, one of the said contact pieces being con-
nected to earth or other return and the other contact piece being connected to
the line or cable.
In lieu of this direct-acting device we in some cases employ an electro mag-
netic or a mechanical arrangement adapted to be caused by the earthing holes
in the tape to make connexion as required (it may be, through a local circuit)
between the line or cable and earth or other return. It is obvious that in the
case of the use of such an electro magnetic or mechanical device, instead of
holes mere indentations might serve the purpose.
Dated this 1st day of September 1899.

page_text: Improvements in Telegraphic Apparatus.
We, ALBERT CUSHING CREHORE, formerly of Hanover, Grafton County, State
of New Hampshire, United States of America, but now of Tarrytown, West-
chester County, State of New York, United States of America, Electrician, and
GEORGE OWEN SQUIER, of Washington, District of Columbia, Cuited States of
America, Captain in the United States Army, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement;
This invention relates to means for "earthing," i.e. discharging the electro-
static charge of a telegraphic line or cable on the termination of signals or
groups of signals by connecting the line or cable at the transmitter end to the
earth or other return through a low resistance and in connexion with an auto-
matic transmitter in which a perforated tape serves as a mechanical means for
passing electric currents in reverse directions through the line or cable.
According to this invention there is provided in the perforated tape an extra
row of holes which are so arranged that earthing" will be thereby effected
after individual signals, or groups of signals, as may be desired.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a portion of such a tape
prepared to signal in succession the letters of the alphabet from "a" to "h"
inclusive by means of two rows of holes i and j (hereinafter called signal holes)
for the transmission of currents in opposite directions. k is the row of "earth-
ing" holes, each of which is marked and one of which is provided immediately
after each hole or group of holes corresponding to a letter.
Suitable apparatus for preparing such a tape, comprises a set of three punches
with corresponding key and lever arrangements adapted to produce respectively
a positive, a negative, and an "earthing" hole, in addition to the usual feeding
of the tape, with or without an additional punch arranged to be operated by
each of the keys (as by projections located on the corresponding punches and
arranged to engage with a projection on the feed-hole punch or by extensions
of the key levers) and adapted to produce a corresponding feed hole on the
operation of each key, as is usual in tape perforators.
Ordinary tape perforators, whether purely mechanical or electromagnetic,
may be adapted for this purpose by providing the spacing key with an additional
punch arranged to produce the "earthing" holes.
An example of punching apparatus according to this invention is represented
in transverse section in Fig. 2 and in longitudinal section in Fig. 3.
m, n, and o
are the punches for making the positive, the negative, and the
earthing" holes respectively, and P is a punch for making the
feed holes each of the Bunches m, n, o is provided with a projec-
tion q and on the punch p there is fixed a flanger so that whenever any one of
the punches m, n, o is worked, its projection 9 engages with the flanger and
operates the feed-hole punch p. The operation of any one of the punches
m, n, o, p, causes a feed of the tape in an ordinary manner by means of the
flange and a bell-crank lever s mounted on a pin and having pivoted to it a
spring pawl u that engages in a pin wheel v mounted on a spring lever to.
To effect "earthing" by means of a tape such as described there are provided
two stationary spring brushes x and y (Fig. 4) each formed of a number of fine
wires and arranged to make contact with each other through each "earthing"
hole of the tape on its passage between them, one of the said brushes, a, being
"

page_text: connected to the earth or other return z, and the other brush y, being connected
to the line or cable Z.
""
In lieu of this direct-acting device there is in some cases employed an electro-
magnetic or a mechanical arrangement adapted to be caused, by the "earthing
holes in the tape, to make connexion as required between the line or cable and
the earth or other return.
Fig. 5 represents diagrammatically such an electromagnetic arrangement. The
spring brushes x and y are in this case included in tue circuit of a local battery 2,
which also includes an electromagnet 3 whose armature 4 is constantly connected
to the earth or other return z and is normally kept, by a spring 5, out of contact
with a stop 6 connected to the line or cable 1. On the energizing of the magnet 3,
the armature 4 is brought into contact with the stop 6, and the line or cable con-
sequently "earthed."
"
A suitable mechanical arrangement for use in lieu of the direct-acting device
illustrated in Fig. 4 would be the mechanism of a Wheatstone automatic trans-
mitter in which an arm permanently connected to the line or cable and normally
out of connexion with the earth or other return but adapted to come into contact
with a stop connected therewith, is substituted for the reversing lever, but in
this case instead of one row of "earthing" holes two such rows would be pro-
vided, one for each of the pins of the Wheatstone transmitter mechanism, so
that each hole of one row would permit the arm to close the "earthing
nexion and immediately thereafter a hole in the other row would admit the pin
of the transmitter mechanism by which the arm would be thrown off its stop
80 as to open the earthing" connexion. A mechanical arrangement suitable
for use with a single row of perforations would be mechanism such as that of
a Belz-Brahic automatic transmitter (see Charles Bright's "Submarine Telegraph")
but having only one pin and one corresponding bent lever whose stop would
be connected to the earth or other return.
""
con-
It is obvious that in the case of such an electromagnetic or mechanical device,
the earthing holes, instead of being perforations, might be mere indentations, if
they were made of such a depth as to permit of the necessary movement of a
spring or weighted arm that would then be used for closing the local circuit in
lieu of the brushes and y shown in Fig. 5, or to permit sufficient movements
of the pins or pin of the modified transmitter mechanism herein before described.
It will also be obvious that a tape with two rows of "earthing" holes would be
66 earth-
prepared with apparatus such as herein before described but having two
ing" hole punches arranged in proper relation to each other, instead of one.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is: —
1. Telegraphic apparatus in which "earthing" is effected only after each hole
or group of holes representing a letter by means of an extra row or extra rows
of perforations or indentations provided therefor in the transmitting tape sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described and shown.
2. In telegraphic apparatus, the combination of a transmitting tape provided
with a row or rows of "earthing" perforations or indentations, and an electro-
magnetic or a mechanical arrangement adapted to be caused by the said "earth-
ing" perforations or indentations to make connexion as required between the line
or cable and the earth or other return only after each signal or group of signals
representing a letter, substantially as and for the purpose described.
3. Apparatus for preparing a tape for use according to the preceding claims,
in which, in addition to the punches for producing the signal holes, there is or
are provided a punch or punches arranged to produce the "earthing" holes and
adapted to be operated at each depression of the spacing key, substantially as
described.
4. Tape punching apparatus constructed, arranged, and operating substantially

page_text: as herein before described and shown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the accompanying
drawings.
5. Telegraphic "earthing" apparatus constructed, arranged, and operating
substantially as herein before described and shown respectively in Fig. 4 and in
Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings.
20th day 01 JUL
For the Applicants,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.
nain
For the Applicants,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.