matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Nicholson and David
Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd December 1858.
We, JOSEPH NICHOLSON, of Halifax, in the County of York, Jacquard
Machine Maker, and DAVID CROSSLEY, of Brighouse, in the same County,
Joiner and Pattern Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is the weaving of all kinds of double, triple,
and two-faced or reversible cloths, plain or twilled, by hand or power, without
the use of heddles, gears, moveable harness boards, or having to stamp the
"ground" on the pattern cards, by means of jacquard machinery or apparatus
so constructed and arranged that it can be operated by a single treadle or the
treading tappet of the loom. We employ lifting bars, which receive recipro-
catory motion from the treadle or treading tappet by means of a lever and
connecting rod; also a series of "grifes" or lifting boards, with knotted
"tabby bands," for working both the "figure" and the "ground," which are
raised by hooked rods, hinged so as to be capable of connecting the boards
with the lifting bars at the proper time required, and which is indicated by
cams suitably arranged on a shaft or shafts, which receive intermittant motion
from the motion of the lifting bars. The pattern cylinder receives intermittant
motion from the lifting apparatus at the first, second, or third lift of the
machine, according to the kind of cloth required to be made, and is so arranged
hat it may be turned without moving the loom.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PUDDLING IRON
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th August
1858.
I, EDWIN SMITH, of Dudley Port, Tipton, in the County of Stafford, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PUDDLING
IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in puddling iron, and
consists in introducing streams of air between the sides and ends of a puddling
furnace and the protecting materials sometimes called "fettling," with which
the furnace is lined, by which the plates, sides, and ends, as well as the lining
materials, are preserved, and the repairs heretofore necessary are greatly
reduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Harnett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1858. A communication from John Warren Harnett, of Cincinnatti, in
the United States of America.
I, MAURICE HARNETT, of Moreton Street, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Watchman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS," a com-
munication from John Warren Harnett, residing at Cincinnati, in the United
States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in introducing oil or oleagenous matter of any kind
in a liquid state into the interior of steam boilers or generators, whereby the
incrustation so injurious to boilers is effectually prevented. The boiler to be
treated should be first thoroughly well cleansed, after which about half a
gallon of oil or fatty matter, either vegetable, animal, or mineral, (olive oil,
however, being preferred,) is poured into it, and a half pint or pint of the
same, according to the size of the boiler, should be introduced daily by the
feed pump, or other convenient apparatus. The only operation then necessary
is to blow off for a few seconds daily both from the surface of the water and
from the bottom of the boiler, suitable blow-off cocks being adapted to the
boiler for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS, BED-BOTTOMS, SEATS, AND ARTICLES FOR LYING AND RECLINING ON
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Cesar Faucon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1858.
I, JULES CESAR FAUCON, of Paris, in the French Empire, Iron Bedstead
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS, BED-BOTTOMS, SEATS, AND ARTICLES FOR LYING AND
RECLINING ON," to be as follows:-
Elasticity or resilience is obtained by forming the surface or part on which
the mattress, cushion, &c., is to be placed, of a trellis, lattice, or framework,
resting on springs formed of a strip or band of steel curved into a peculiar
stirrup-like shape, connected at their lower ends to the frame of the bedstead
(or seat), in such manner that they may be removed or folded down when not
in use, while at top they are attached to the trellis most conveniently, by
forming them with a slot into which a key or pin takes, by which they are
securely held. The springs may be placed all in the same direction, or some
longitudinally, and some transversely. The ends of the trellis are connected
to the head and foot pieces of the bedstead, or to supplementary head
and foot pieces, preferably by straps and buckles, or by hooks so looped
or attached to the trellis bars as to allow of the play due to the resilience
of the springs. The head and foot pieces are so connected to the bedstead
frame that they may be folded down when desired, which may be done by
mounting their outer rails at bottom on a pin working in the frame, or the

page_text: trellis may be connected to a corner frame fixed to a socket piece, in which
the folding end rails are jointed; the feet are also so jointed or connected to the
bedstead that they may be folded under it when not in use, but when sup-
porting it they are kept in position by detachable stays. Or, the trellis may
rest on rods terminating in hooks connected by horizontal springs, or elastic
rings to hooks fixed to the frame, and having other hooks at top catching
into eyes or rings under the trellis; or instead of rods vertical springs may be
used, held in place (but so as to be readily removeable) most conveniently by
means of a catch-piece fitting over the cross frame rails, and having two arms
curved like the segments of a screw into notches in which the bottom of the
spring takes, while the top is held in a collar fixed under the trellis.
Instead of fastening the lower ends of the springs in these arrangements to
the bedstead, they may be attached to an independent frame so as to form,
with the trellis. work at top, and its end pieces, a spring bed bottom, or elastic
mattress or cushion, which may be covered with bedtick, or other proper
material.
Although a bed has been herein chiefly referred to, these arrangements may
be readily adapted for chairs, couches, and other seats and articles for lying
and reclining on.
anINPROVED REAPING MACHINE
Year: 1858

page_text: RIS
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Banks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June.
1858.
I, JAMES BANKS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for an "INPROVED REAPING MACHINE,"
to be as follows (that is to say):
This Invention consists in the use of two horizontal disks or wheels with
cutting edges formed on or attached to their periphery, and which are secured
to the lower ends of parallel vertical driving shafts which are mounted on the
front of a suitable carriage, one of the disks being so placed as to overlap a
portion of the edge of the other. The two upright shafts with their disks
being caused to revolve in an opposite or reverse direction to each other, form
endless cutting shears, motion being communicated thereto from the travelling
wheels of the machine by means of endless bands or other mechanical
equivalent. The propelling power, it is proposed, should consist of two horses
yoked side by side at the rear of the machine.
A CERTAIN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING CLOTHES OR ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Varvill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1858.
I, ROBERT VARVILL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Iron-
monger, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "A CERTAIN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING CLOTHES OR ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL,'"
to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists in a chamber or receptacle (of any convenient
form), to contain the articles to be washed and the water for washing. Near
the bottom or lowest interior surface of this chamber is fitted a loose, false, or
spring bottom, which is perforated, and has upon its upper surface a succession
or series of ribs or corrugations, and also within the said box I provide a kind
of beater or rubber, which is composed of a series of rods or ribs placed in the
form of a segment of a circle, so that it may rock or move backwards and
forwards upon the spring or false bottom, the ribs upon such surface fitting
between the grooves or interstices between the ribs of the rocking beater or
presser. The articles to be washed are placed between the spring board and
the rocking beater, which is retained upon them by means of an elastic band
passing around the handle of the beater (projecting through the lid of the box)
and around pulleys or rollers upon the side of the box which presses the beater

page_text: in contact with the clothes. A rocking motion being imparted to the beater
by moving the handle to and fro, the articles will become cleansed by being
pressed or squeezed between the corrugated surfaces of the rocking beater and
spring board.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE FROM SEWAGE WATERS
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Niellon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1858.
I, CHARLES NIELLON, of 50, Lime Street, in the City of London, do hereby.
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF MANURE FROM SEWAGE WATERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
manure from sewage waters. For these purposes the waters coming from
sewers are conducted into a reservoir, where they are mixed with matters
such as are hereafter mentioned, which cause a precipitation to take place
in such reservoir. The waters are then filtered through a succession of
upright filters, consisting of vegetable matters, such as straw, heath, briars,
reeds, twigs, or other cheap vegetable substances, which are cut into lengths of
about six inches, and the same are enclosed by preference between wire or
other upright fences which are arranged in a convenient manner to admit of
being charged with and discharged of the vegetable matters employed
in making up the several filters through which the waters filter before they
arrive at the discharge outlet, which has a suitable sluice or valve to regulate
the quantity flowing out in a given time, and the inlet from the sewers to the
reservoir is also provided with a sluice or valve to regulate and shut off the
incoming of the sewage waters. The reservoir is also provided with gates and

page_text: openings to admit of the settled matters therein being removed. The following
are the means of preparing matters to be used for precipitating the sewage
matters which are contained in the sewage waters-Bricks or lumps of river
mud are moulded and dried, and a furnace or upright hollow structure is
formed of such dried bricks without cement or mortar being used between the
bricks. This furnace is filled up with a quantity of cuttings of wood, then
some coals and peat, then tanners refuse bark, with or without sawdust, or
other vegetable matter. These materials are ignited and allowed to burn for
a time, when the furnace is demolished, and the bricks composing it are
broken down into powder and mixed with the ashes remaining from the burned
contents. The products are also mixed with plaster of Paris, unslaked lime,
fine coal ashes, soot, wood ashes, phosphate of lime, and sulphate of soda.
This compound being intimately mixed, and in a state of powder, is applied to
the sewage waters and mixed therewith, as the same come into the reservoir
from the sewers. The precipitated matters are to be removed from time to
time, placed in heaps, and allowed to ferment, and such fermentation is induced
and aided by the employment of a ferment produced by combining with the
waters which drain from the precipitated matters, barley meal, also unground
barley, yeast, fresh urine, and pigeon's, fowl's, rabbit, or sheep's dung, or a
mixture thereof. When the manure has been properly fermented, it is ready
for use, or to be packed away and stored ready for use.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF COPPER, AND IN OBTAINING CERTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS FROM SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Augustus Bouck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1858.
I, JOHN AUGUSTUS BOUCK, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF COPPER, AND IN OBTAINING CERTAIN
USEFUL PRODUCTS FROM SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing sulphate of copper as an article of commerce, I use
pyrites or other native sulphuret of copper for affording the base. From this
substance sulphur is driven off by heat, which may be collected for the vitriol
manufacture or for other purposes, and I then obtain the required salt from
the residue. To effect this I treat it with muriatic acid, and subsequently add
sulphuric acid, the former being driven off by heat. In place of commencing
with the pyrites, I also take the residue from the ordinary vitriol manufacture,
and treat it with muriatic and sulphuric acids as above.
According to my process, a second quantity of sulphur will be liberated by
the muriatic acid; this I collect, and obtain from it metallic copper or salts of
copper by any usual means.
A MOVEABLE FACE AND HANDLE FOR SMOOTHING IRONS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Alexander Burton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1858.
I, ALFRED ALEXANDER BURTON, of 30, Wych Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A MOVEABLE FACE AND HANDLE FOR SMOOTHING IRONS," to be as follows,
and consists in forming a shoe which I adapt or fit to the smoothing irons
now in use, the object being a substitute of the box smoothing iron, possessing
however, the advantage of being much more simple, and commodious. The
shoe is a hollow box, similar in form to the smoothing iron, open at the top,
having a toe or front covering piece to hold the iron in it, and at the other
extremity a loose swing handle, which doubles over the smoothing iron
handle.
The ordinary iron being heated in the fire is inserted in the shoe, which
is always polished and clean, and the ironing is performed in the usual
manner.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MINING COAL AND OTHER MINERAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional. Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1858.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MINING COAL AND OTHER
MINERAL SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The machine which forms the subject of the Invention, which has been com-
municated to me, is principally intended for "undermining" and side cutting
coal, but is also applicable in other mining or tunnelling operations, and consists
principally of a rotary cutter wheel of suitable construction, and furnished
with an arrangement of cutters to cut in a direction perpendicular or at right
angles to its axis.
These cutters are attached to the periphery of a wheel that is mounted in a
carriage arranged and fitted to travel upon a stationary frame, a feed screw or
some equivalent device being provided for moving the said carriage and cutter
whel in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the cutter wheel, for the pur-
pose of moving the said wheel forward, as it cuts its way into the coal or other
substance to be mined. The machine is caused to cut a groove or narrow
cavity directly into the walls of a mine, parallel, or as nearly so as desirable,

page_text: either with the floor or walls, and as close as desirable thereto, in such a
manner as to permit the masses above or at the sides of the said cavities or
grooves to be subsequently removed by wedging out or blasting in the ordinary
manner.
The cutting instrument is formed of a combination of chisel-edged cutters
and oblique-edged cutters applied to the periphery of the horizontal cutter
wheel, and they are arranged in such succession as to cut different parts of the
groove that is required to be made.
By the mode of constructing and fitting together the cutter wheel and the
head, the axle of the wheel is supported in bearings that in depth do not
exceed the thickness of the wheel. By this means the cutter wheel is enabled
to cut its way beyond its axle, which will be able to enter the groove cut by
the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING AND ADAPTING WATER- CLOSETS TO SHIPS SO AS TO INSURE THE SAFETY AND MORE PERFECT VENTILATION OP THE SAME
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Robinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1858.
I, JOSEPH ROBINSON, of the East India Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Surveyor to the Peninsular and Oriental Company, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING AND ADAPTING WATER-
CLOSETS TO SHIPS SO AS TO INSURE THE SAFETY AND MORE PERFECT VENTILATION
OP THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the fitting of water-closets
to ships. The pipe from each closet is connected to a main sewer pipe, con-
nected to a powerful exhausting pump, worked either by hand, steam power,
or other suitable means, so as always to maintain a partial exhaustion of the
sewer pipe or pipes, and thereby cleanse the closets, ventilate the ship, and
insure its safety, from the fact of there being but one outlet for any number of
water-closets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDER Bоoкs
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Dawson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1858.
I, NICHOLAS DAWSON, of 76, High Street, Poplar, in the County of
Middlesex, Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDER Bоoкs," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in order books for travellers &
other purposes, which consists in binding up a number of leaves, every
alternate one of which is perforated so that it may be readily torn out of the
book, while the others are securely bound to remain in the book. I further
number the leaves in such manner that there are two of every number, that is
to say, two one's, two two's, two three's, and so on; thus the perforated leaf
will bear corresponding number with the permanent leaf adjoining it. The
perforated leaves I either make of metallized paper and write with a metal
point thereon, as well understood, or I make them of ordinary paper and write
with a hard pencil thereon. While taking orders on these perforated leaves a
piece of carbonized paper is placed between it and the next leaf, so that while
entering the order taken, an exact counterpart will be at the same time
inscribed on the adjoining leaf.
The perforated leaf upon which the order is so taken may afterwards be
removed from the book, and forwarded as the order required, instead of copying
the same for a single leaf order book as usual. Thus a traveller will be able

page_text: to keep a copy of all orders forwarded, with suitable reference, in his book,
without the necessity of copying them all as usual..
Instead of the perforated leaf being the metallized paper on the one
immediately written upon, it may be otherwise, so that the copy may be torn
from the book instead of the original.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS USED FOR INSERTING & FIXING METAL EYELETS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Felton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1858.
I, ALFRED FELTON, of 184, Brick Lane, Spitalfields, in the County of
Middlesex, Currier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS USED FOR INSERTING & FIXING METAL EYELETS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in instruments used in inserting and
fixing metal eyelets in boots and other articles, and consists in the application
of knives or cutting edges to the punch or presser of spring nipper eyelets
fasteners, so that when closing the nipper on the eyelet the knives or cutting
edges sever the lip of the eyelet at first when it is being turned over, causing
it to separate at several places, whereby the turning over is more uniformily
effected, and the eyelet better secured to the leather or other material.
The instrument may be so formed as to complete the operation of fixing the
eyelet, but I prefer that it should be used only for cutting and partially
turning over the eyelet, and that the ordinary nipper eyelet punch or presser
be used to complete the operation.
I either make the cutting knives or edges on the cone-like form of the
presser or punch, or I make that part hollow with radial slits therein, through
which the knife edges are projected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING CRANES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Octavius Butler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1858.-A communication.
I, JOHN OCTAVIUS BUTLER, of Kirkstall Forge, near Leeds, in the County
of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING CRANES," being a communication from a
foreigner residing abroad, to be as follows:-
This improved weighing crane consists of a vertical pillar supported below in
a footstep, and guided above in a circular rim furnished with internal cogs, in
which a pinion gears for causing the jib to swivel as in some cranes of the
present construction. To the upper part of the vertical pillar is fixed a
circular platform, upon which are fixed standards, between which the frames
for supporting the jib, chain drum, and the gearing are suspended. These
frames are provided above and below with bridles, furnished with pivots, which
bear upon centres connected to the standards, and the whole internal framing,
with the jib, chain drum, and gearing, are suspended to a weigh-beam or
steelyard. When this weighing apparatus is not in use, by a locking move-
ment acted upon by a lever, the centres are relieved of their weight, and the
whole internal framing rests firmly and steadily upon heel pieces cast upon
the platform.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING METALS
Year: 1858

page_text: This Invention received
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles.Doley, Edwin Bigland, and
Thomas Henry Worrall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,.
with their Petition, on the 18th March 1858.
We, CHARLES DOLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and EDWIN BIGLAND, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford,
Designer and Glass Painter, and THOMAS HENRY WORRALL, of Smethwick
aforesaid, Lithographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING METALS," to be as follows:-
In carrying our Invention into effect, we first draw upon glass the pattern
We draw the said
or design to be produced upon the metallic surface.
pattern or design upon a sheet of glass with a composition of beeswax, tallow,
and pitch. We then etch or sink the uncovered parts of the glass with hydro-
fluoric acid. We afterwards scrape the composition from off the glass, and
up the
imbed the said glass in plaster of Paris on a slate slab. We next fill
sunken parts in the glass with a composition of beeswax, shellac, tar, varnish,
and gas black. We take an impression from the glass plate, prepared as last
described, the said impression being taken on unsized paper. We damp the
paper, and place it face downwards upon the metallic surface to be ornamented.
We press the paper upon the article with an india-rubber roller, and after-
wards wash off the paper with warm water and soap. We place the metal
article, prepared as described, in a cistern or tank filled with dilute nitric acid,

page_text: or such other acid or liquid as will dissolve the metal to be ornamented.
When the acid or liquid has sufficiently acted upon the article, the said article
is removed from the cistern and well washed with a ley made of potash, lime,
soap, and water. The said ley removes the composition from the article, and
the said article has the design or pattern sunk in the substance of the
metal.
We sometimes pursue the following course:-We take a thin sheet of metal
and coat it over with a composition of wax, tallow, and pitch. We draw the
pattern upon the coated plate by removing the composition from the requisite
parts thereof, and bite out the said uncoated parts with an acid; or we cut
out the said plate with the pattern, so as to produce a stencil plate. We
coat the surface to be ornamented with the composition of wax, tallow, and
pitch, and afterwards wash it over with a mixture of whiting and water.
When dry, we place the metal stencil plate upon it, and brush with oil
through the cut out parts. The said brushing removes the composition from the
parts to be acted upon. After well washing with soap and water the article
is subjected to the acid cistern, as before described, whereby the metal is
removed from the required parts, and the pattern thus sunk into the substance
of the metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND MANUFACTURING BUFFALO AND OTHER HORN, SO AS TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR WHALEBONE AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Mickelthwate .at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1858.
I, ARTHUR MICKELTOWATE, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND
MANUFACTURING BUFFALO AND OTHER HORN, SO AS TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR
WHALEBONE AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the manufacturing of various kinds of
horns, so as to be used as a substitute for whalebone, the manner in which
the same is to be effected being as follows:-I take buffalo or any kind of
horns and first soak them in urine, potash, or other alkaline leys for several
days, according to the strength of the horns; I then take the horn and saw or
split it in breadths, and warm the outsides of the horn over a slow fire or
blaze and then place it in a press, so that the inside of the horn shall go.
against a steel, iron, or other metallic surface, the outside of the horn
having a pad of leather or horn shaving put over it. This process is for
straightening the lengths of horn before entering the cutting machine. The
horn lengths are then boiled or steamed, and when sufficiently soft pass
through a machine provided with rollers, which are hollow to admit
iron heaters or steam so as to keep the rollers hot. The horn then comes
in contact with knives or cutters which are adjusted to cut the horn to

page_text: any required thickness, it is then cut into shreds or breadths for suitable
purposes.
When it is required to join lengths of horn together so as to form one
continuous strip, the same is to be effected in the following manner :-The
two ends to be spliced are shamfered (or shaved to a knife edge), then by
adding a little potash dissolved in water, and placing one over the other, the
ends become firmly united by placing on them a hot iron or tongs, or a hot
press made for the purpose.
AN IMPROVED ROUGHING FOR THE SHOES OF HORSES AND OTHER LIKE ANIMALS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Gowing at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th December 1858.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM GOWING, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex,
Veterinary Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED ROUGHING FOR THE SHOES OF HORSES AND OTHER LIKE ANIMALS,"
to be as follows:-
Various methods have been heretofore proposed for roughing the shoes of
horses and other like animals, to give them a good foot hold in frosty and
slippery weather, that most generally adapted having been the removal of the
shoe in order to raise points and irregular surfaces. This method is
exceedingly objectionable from the injury done to the hoof by the constant
removal rendered necessary by the rapidly wearing smooth of the pointed
surfaces. Now, my roughing consists of nails formed with spikes or projecting
surfaces, and with a shoulder which bears upon the outside or bottom of the
shoe itself.
In other respects the nails are similar to those now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAIN PENS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th November
1858.
I, SAMUEL TAYLOR, of the Temple, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAIN PENS," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in fountain pens. For
these purposes each pen consists of a tube to contain the ink; this tube is at
all times closed at the upper end. The lower end of the tube, when supplied
with ink and in use, is closed by the introduction of a flexible elastic plug, by
preference of vulcanized india-rubber. The pen or writing points or nibs is
or are introduced between the elastic plug and the interior of the tube in such
manner that, when the writing points or nibs are pressed on in the act of
writing, the plug will yield and ink be allowed to flow to the writing points
or nibs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING WOOLLEN BAGS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Heywood Whitehead at the
Office of the Cominissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st March 1858.
I, JAMES HEYWOOD WHITEHEAD, of the Royal George Mills, Saddleworth, in
the County of York, Woollen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING WOOLLEN BAGS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in making woollen bags.
For these purposes woollen yarn is employed for weaving tubular fabrics of the
diameters desired, and in like manner to what other tubular fabrics are
woven; and in order to close the end of each bag the same is done either in
the loom by throwing in shoots of woollen weft so as to weave the warps
into one fabric, or in place of so weaving the ends, the tubular fabrics are
sewed or run across by hand, using a needle and woollen yarn. This latter
mode of joining the ends of woollen tubular fabrics is peculiarly applicable
when the ends of the bags are of a curved form or not at right angles to
the sides of the bags. The woven tubular fabrics having been divided into
lengths for bags, and the ends thereof closed by woollen yarn, they are then
to be milled, by which the end of each of the bags which was previously simply
held together by the woollen yarn will become felted together, and it is this
peculiarity which constitutes the novelty of my Invention.
A MACHINE APPLICABLE FOR PICKING AND CHOOSING OUT CORN
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pietro Apparuti at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1858.
I, PIETRO APPARUTI, residing at Paris, Rue Constantine, 24, in the Empire
of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE
APPLICABLE FOR PICKING AND CHOOSING OUT CORN," to be as follows:-
1
If
you move a table in a horizontal direction, then suddenly stop the move-
ment, all the objects placed on the table having participated in the movement
will continue to move an instant or two after the table has stopped, on account
of the velocity they have acquired. After a series of these movements the
objects would reach the edge of the table, & fall off. This propulsive action
can be carried to such a point, by increasing the motion, that the objects will
go forward even on a plane inclined in an opposite direction to the movement.
All the objects placed on the plane, inclined as just mentioned, would ascend
and fall according to this plan, with the exception of those which are of a
spherical form; these, from their shape, will not be able to remain stationary
on the inclined plane, and will consequently descend in the intervals between
the movements. Such is the principle on which my discovery rests.
The grains of corn will, from their form, ascend; the grains which are to be
separated from the corn having a spherical form, will descend rolling, the corn

page_text: will therefore be gathered at the top, the rest of the grains will fall to the
bottom of the apparatus.
The machine is thus composed:-Small trenches conducting to wells, into
which the little round grains precipitate themselves, then little walls and other
obstacles are fixed on the plane in such a manner that the corn is separated,
mixed, & divided, so that the round grains which have ascended accidentally
with the grains of corn fall back.
Last of all there are two grates or sives, the meshes of which must be made
by a special contrivance; these grates or sives must be fixed very firmly, and
move at the same time as the table. The first grate is placed at the entrance, and
separates all small pieces from the corn; the second grate, placed at the outlet,
divides the sorted corn into two different sizes, & thus is obtained four different
products perfectly distinct, viz. :-
1st, all grains or pieces smaller than the corn, such as tares, &c.
2nd, the different sorts of grains having a spherical form.
3rd, the larger corn.
4th, the corn smaller in size.
During the operation it may happen that some grains of corn fall into the
little wells, in this case they go to the lower part of the machine, where little
walls & other obstacles are placed, performing the same office as above. A
second sifting takes place as before, the corn ascends to a certain part, then
falls perfectly sorted. The grains of a spherical form fall as before.
AN IMPROVED SCREW-NAIL
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cowan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1858.
I, JOSEPH COWAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Cabinet
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SCREW-NAIL," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object the construction and use of screw-nails
that may be driven into timber and other substances by means of a hammer,
and that they may be withdrawn therefrom by the aid of a screwdriver. It
has been found by experiment that such nails or spikes may be constructed by
forming two or more threads thereon, so as to make the screws quicker than
those of the ordinary wood screw-nail.
The quick screws formed on these improved nails have the effect of causing
the nails to turn round as they are driven into the timber or other like
substance by means of blows from a hammer applied to the head of the nail,
which may have a cut formed in it for the screwdriver. These nails, when
driven home, are securely held in their position by means of their screws, and
cannot be withdrawn without the use of a screwdriver, except by tearing away
the timber or other material into which they have been driven.
As an additional security, if preferred, the screws may be jagged on the

page_text: edges of the threads to prevent the possability of their screwing themselves out
by vibration or other straining action.
In constructing large screw-nails (or spikes) according to this Invention
that are intended for mill, railway, ship, and other like work, it is preferred to
form the heads square or round and notched on the edges, for the purpose of
applying a suitable turnscrew to withdraw them when required, and also for
the purpose of allowing a small nail to be driven down through the side of the
head to secure the screw-nail in its position when driven home.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPINNING AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COP BOTTOMS OR COP TUBES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bird at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1858.
I, THOMAS BIRD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPINNING AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COP BOTTOMS OR COP TUBES," to
be as follows:-
In order to prevent the waste which usually arises after the cops are taken
off the spindles, I propose to apply gum, starch, paste, or varnish of any
description, or a mixture of chalk, whiting, or flour, or other suitable
substance, either to the spindles or to the threads by means of a brush,
sponge, or other suitable appliance, so that when the spinning commences the
threads shall be lapped to any desired thickness on to the aforesaid sticking or
thickening substance, which latter becomes hard before the cop is completed,
so that the said cop can be taken off without injuring the bottom, and also
prevents any unravelling or waste from packing or other requirement; or I
spin any required number of threads upon the spindle, and afterwards cover
them with the aforesaid stiffening substance, so as to hold the threads firmly
together, and thereby accomplish the before-mentioned object in a different
manner.
I also manufacture cop bottoms or cop tubes by lapping or coiling on to
spindles or maundrils of the required size and shape any description of sliver
rovings or spun threads of either cotton, silk, flax, or any fibrous substance or

page_text: material, to which I apply, either internally, externally, or to the body of the
material, the before-mentioned thickening substance, which holds the material
together, thus forming a cop bottom or cop tube.
Or instead of fibrous materials, I manufacture the cop tubes from skin or
horn either by coiling or pressing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRAIDED ARTICLES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aaron Marks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November
1858.
I, AARON MARKS, of London Wall, in the City of London, General
Trimming Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRAIDED ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
braided articles. Heretofore in the manufacture of braided articles it has
been common to employ a core of cord, india-rubber, thread, or other readily
pliable material on which to produce the braid, and during the manufacture
of the braid this core has been caused to pass continually from a reel below
the table of the machine up through the centre of the table to the point where
the braiding threads are laid upon it; afterwards the finished braid passed
over a pulley placed over the centre of the table, and was again wound on a
reel; the pliable core was thus kept in a state of tension between the two
reels. When cores of a rigid material, such as wood, have been employed,
and which will not permit of being wound on reels and passed over pulleys,
such cores have in all cases been fixed in the machine at the point where-the
braiding threads meet, and as the range of distance above the table through
which good work can be produced is limited, these cores have necessarily been
short.

page_text: Now my Invention consists in causing a core of wood (or other material which
is too rigid to permit of its being wound on reels and passed over pulleys)
to travel while the braiding threads are being laid on it, so as to allow the work
to be produced at all times at or very near one point, whatever be the length
of core employed. For this purpose the core is placed in a tube passing
through the centre of the table, and rising above it nearly to the point where
the braid is formed, and as the braid is produced the core is drawn up out of
the tube by a cord passing over a pulley placed over the centre of the table at
a distance above it greater than that of the longest core to be covered. This
cord passes to a take-up motion, and the tube serves as a guide to the core, to
keep it central while the core is being drawn up. When the core is not
sufficiently stiff to remain straight in its length while it is being braided upon
(as when a core of thin whalebone is employed), it is kept straight by being
held in a state of tension by a weight or spring, which tends to draw its lower
end down, and acts in opposition to the take-up motion.
AN IMPROVED MANURE
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leon Salles de la Magde-
leine at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd February 1858.
I, LEON SALLES de la MAGDELEINE, Gentleman, of Paris, (France,) do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANURE"
to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a liquid manure, in which the grain or seeds are
to be steeped before sowing them, or with which the plants may be watered;
the same is composed of common salt, desiccated night soil, or other animal
dung reduced to a fine powder, water of ammonia, and ashes from wood, peat,
or other vegetable matters, the entire mixed up with a suitable quantity of
water so as to form a liquid, in which the grains or seeds are to be steeped
before sowing them, or with which the plants may be watered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND FOR DOUBLING YARN
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Warburton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September
1858.
I, THOMAS WARBURTON, of Astley, near the City of Manchester, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND FOR
DOUBLING YARN," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention which is applicable to machines used in preparing
cotton and other fibrous materials, known as slubbing and roving frames, and
to doubling frames consists, first, in dispensing with the spindles used in the
ordinary machines, and substituting in their stead hollow tubes, upon which
the bobbins are placed.
The position of the lifting rail and stationary rail is reversed, the lifting rail
being underneath the stationary rail, the tube before mentioned moving in the
two rails, with sufficient length above the stationary rail for the bobbin to
traverse; this tube is driven by bevel wheels, in the same way as the spindles
now in use.
My Invention also consists in lengthening the flyer legs and attaching them
to bushes, which are driven by bevel wheels in the ordinary way in the
stationary rail; the flyer legs are made of sufficient length to allow of the
traverse of the bobbin.

page_text: The tops of the flyers are lengthened:so as to.revolve in another stationary
rail which is fixed to the frame ends.
By these means the flyers.are held perfectly steady, without the aid of the
spindles, which are dispensed with, and..thus a higher working speed is
attainable.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR REAPING CORN
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jozé Luis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1858. A communication.
I, Joze Luis, Patent Agent, of No. 1B, Welbeck St., Cavendish Sqre.,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR REAPING CORN," (a communication
to me from a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The framework A (Figs. 1, 2, 3,) is of cast iron. Attached to A are two
wooden shafts for one horse. The supports S, S, are also in iron, to give
greater lightness. The whole apparatus is carried on two wheels B & R
(Figs. 2 & 3). The driving wheel B is of cast iron, one yard in diameter,
and moving on the axletree C; a click stop is attached to the wheel D moving
on the axle C. The wheel D, toothed inwardly with a 152-teeth, gives the
movement to the pinion E, which has 9 teeth; this produces a multiplication
in movement of 17 to 1, and about 34 rotations to the leading pulley J by the
fly wheel E, which serves as excentric for the working of the blade of the
apparatus. The advantage of this system is the simplification of the trans-
mission of movement, the bevel wheel being suppressed. On the axle C is
also fixed the double cog wheel II, which moves the wheel I by a band-chain.
The machine cuts & bundles without the aid of any one. The bundling
system is as simple as it is certain in action; it is composed of a guide bar L

page_text: (Fig. 3 & 4), fixed on the shaft C, on which revolves O, fixed on the wheel H,
acting the part of excentric, and producing a backwards & forwards motion of
the lever P. One of the beams S has, at the upper extremity, a joint, in
which the shaker or see-saw U moves by means of the lever P and the rod q.
The shaker U receives an irregular motion from L, which in turn commu-
nicates its motion to T, moving on the slide X; the shaker U determines,
consequently, the fall of the bundle from the apron M by means of the teeth T,
which bend down from the point of departure, & re-raise themselves by means
of the pressure of a hammer fixed on the apron T. y is a little plank
(Figs. 1 & 2) for lengthening when the corn is too high; is the blade or
knife, turning up at the point, in order to prevent its entering into the soil.
The machine can be made to cut from 1 & inches from the soil up to 12
inches, according as required.
The Drawings are reduced to a twentieth of the natural size of the
implement.