BEROLLAS'S KEYLESS WATCH AND CLOCK, AND ALSO CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MY LATE-INVENTED DETACHED ALARM WATCH
Year: 1827

page_text: BERROLLAS' SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
ANTHONY BERROLLAS, of Nelson Street, City Road, in the Parish of Saint Luke,
in the County of Middlesex, Watch Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Thirteenth day of December, in the eighth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Anthony Berrollas, His especial licence that I, the said Joseph
Anthony Berrollas, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Joseph Anthony Berrollas, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "BEROLLAS'S KEYLESS WATCH AND CLOCK, AND ALSO
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MY LATE-INVENTED DETACHED ALARM WATCH;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Joseph
Anthony Berrollas, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particu-
larly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention and improve-
ment, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,

page_text: as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Anthony Berrollas, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described
and ascertained in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following expla-
nation thereof (that is to say):-
-
The first mover or power is most horological works is obtained either by the
action of a weight or a spring. In pocket watches the power is obtained by a
spring called the main spring, which is enclosed in a box called the barrel.
Now there are two distinct ways of applying the power of the main spring to
the first wheel of a watch. One of them consists in the intervention or agency
of a fusee, which is put upon the first wheel; in the other, the first wheel is put
upon the barrel itself, that contains the spring, which arrangement is distin-
guished from that having a fusee by the term a going-barrel. Watches having
going-barrels are wound up by turning round the barrel arbors, and watches
having fusees, by the fusee arbors.
My Invention consists in a new mechanical arrangement applicable to the
winding up horological works; first, as respects what is ternied a going-barrel.
The following are the contrivances that I have invented as applicable
thereto :-
Figure 1 represents a watch with a going-barrel, to which my Invention is
applied, in which Figure a part of the dial plate is represented as broken away,
for showing the novel parts, the operation of which will be understood by first
describing the separate Figures, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, all the same letters of
reference in which refer to similar parts.
Figure 2 is the barrel ratchet, with its click and spring, which keeps the
maintaining power up. This ratchet is put on the barrel arbor, which is squared,
and the plate is sunk in which it lays; it is on the side of that part of the
plate under the dial. This barrel ratchet is sunk or turned out as far as the
teeth, to receive another ratchet with its click and spring, shewn at a, Figure 3,
which I call the recoiling ratchet. This recoiling ratchet is fastened on to the
barrel pully b. The upper side of this barrel pully is sunk to receive a spring c,
shewn in Figures 1 and 5, which is the recoiling spring. On the edge of the
barrel pully there is a groove to receive a chain d, shewn at Figures 1 and 9,
which is hooked on a pin in the said groove.
Figures 7 and 8 give two views of the stud, which keeps the barrel pully
steady, and close to the barrel ratchet. The centre é of this stud is round, and
the centre the recoiling spring is hooked on the barrel pully f.

page_text: Figures 1 and 9 shew the impendent, made of the same metal as the case;
it turns free on a piece of steel g.
.
Figure 9. This steel arbor has a small knob on one end h, shewn at Figures
1 and 9, to prevent the impendent from slipping off. On the other end it is
split, to receive the end of the chain, which is pinned on. The pendant of the
case is perforated, through which the chain passes.
I shall next describe the manner it is to operate, and how it is to be put on
the winding-up arbor. When the barrel ratchet, before mentioned, is put on
the square arbor, the recoiling spring is put in the barrel pully, and placed over
the barrel ratchet so as to act in its click. The chain, which is not longer than
to produce one revolution of the pully, is put through the pendant, and hooked
on to the pully. The stud is then hooked on to the recoiling spring by this
stud; the recoiling spring is set up one turn more or less, and the stud is
screwed on the plate. To wind up the watch, the impendent is drawn from
the pendant as far as the chain will permit it; the recoiling spring will bring
the impendent back again to the pendant; and this operation is repeated till
the impendent remains on the pendant, and cannot be more drawn from it,
which indicates that the main-spring is wound up.
When the works are to be wound up by a fusee arbor, the ratchet which
keeps up the maintaining power is on the fusec itself; the fusee arbor, squared,
is on the same side of the plate as the going barrel under the dial. The
recoiling ratchet, Figure 4, is put on the fusee arbor above; its click and spring
are on the barrel pully, Figure 6. Here it is to be observed, that when any
works are to be wound up by a fusee, the fusec, with the first wheel and its
arbor, returns back again, which is not the case with a going barrel. k is the
relieving click, which has a double action. First, it acts as the recoiling click,
by its action in the ratchet; second, it acts as a reliever of the said click. It
is planted on the under side of the barrel pully, Figure 6, with its spring, and
must be made in the form as shewn in the Drawing. That part which is near
the edge of the barrel pully has a small pin, which pin goes through an aperture
of the barrel pully into the groove, where the chain ties. When the works arc
wound up the impendent rests on the pendant, and the chain lays round the
pully, which is the same as with the going barrel. The pin of the relieving
click, which goes into the groove of the barrel pully, receives a pressure from
the chain; it brings the click part out of the ratchet, and gives free action to
the ratchet on the fusee arbor to return back again, without any drag or
incumbrance of the click l.
Figure 1 is the finger touch; it is made of gold or some metal which will

page_text: not rust. By referring to the Drawing, it is a kind of cap with a milled edge;
the minute hand is fastened to it when the hands are to be set.
A slight
pressure with the end of the forefinger is required to turn the hands. In case
it is desired to have a watch or clock wound up in one pull, the multiplying of
the turns of the chain round the barrel pully will have that effect.
The foregoing account is a full description of the general principles of my
Invention applicable to pocket watches. The only alteration it will require
for clocks is in the chain and the impendent, which must depend on the
clock-case.
I shall next proceed to describe the manner of my improvement in my late-
invented detached alarum watch, for which I have obtained His Majesty's
Letters Patent, dated the Twenty-eighth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and twenty-seven. In referring to the Specification of the said Patent,
I employ the same letters of reference as therein used, for the more clear com-
prehension of the nature of my present improvements, which improvements
are shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed by Figures 10 and 11.
The locker E, Figure 10, projects through the case and remains, except when
the pin of the detent falls into the notch of the alarum wheel. Here it is to be
observed, that in twelve hours the locker is eleven hours and a half out of the
case, which may sometimes be inconvenient to the wearer. To produce the
opposite effect (that is to say), the locker to remain in the case, and only to
come out when the detent falls into the notch of the alarum wheel, I have
moved the fulcrum of the propeller on the other side of the inclined plane W.
The locker spring I have superseded, and have put a spring on the propeller N.
The locker O, of which the thicker part is now made flat, has two pins between
them; the part V of the propeller acts. P, HI, the locking lever, is now
removed to the edge of the plate of the alarum movement, to receive by its tail
the motion, which was a side action, and now is a straight one.
pro-
The points upon which I ground my right of exclusive privilege to the above
Invention and improvement, under my aforesaid herein-before in part recited
Patent, are therefore the new combination of mechanism which I have
duced in the simple, easy, and convenient way of winding up or setting the
hands of horological works or movements, by the combined operation of the
recoiling ratchet, its click and spring, the recoiling spring, the barrel pully, the
relieving click, the stud, the impendent, with its chain, and the finger touch;
likewise the propeller and locker of the detached alarum watch. But I hereby
distinctly disclaim any exclusive right, benefit, or advantage in the individual
parts herein-before described, which I claim only in their combined and collective

page_text: capacity, my present Patent being for a new mechanical arrangement and
combination of parts already well known, but now applied by me to the pro-
duction of a new purpose and effect.
In witness whercof, I, the said Joseph Anthony Berrollas, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, the Eleventh day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight.