IMPROVEMENTS. IN CARTS FOR DISTRIBUTING WATER, LIQUID MANURE, AND OTHER FLUIDS OVER ROADS AND LAND
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Rawsthorne and Edward Hodson Bayley,"
both of 42, Newington Causeway, in the Borough of Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Wheelwrights and Contractors, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS. IN CARTS FOR DISTRIBUTING WATER, LIQUID MANURE, AND
OTHER FLUIDS OVER ROADS AND LAND."
Sealed the 25th September 1866, and dated the 27th March 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Rawsthorne and
Edward Hodson Bayley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th March 1866.
We, JAMES RAWSTHORNE and EDWARD HODSON BAYLEY, both of 42,
Newington Causeway, in the Borough of Southwark, in the County of Surrey,
Wheelwrights and Contractors, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS FOR DISTRIBUTING WATER, LIQUID
MANURE, AND OTHER FLUIDS OVER ROADS AND LAND," to be as follows:-
I
In water carts at present in use, whether much or little liquid be required*
to be spread over a given space, and whether much or little height of water"
be present in the tank, the liquid always obtains exit by passages and holes of
the same cross sectional area and otherwise of dimensions that are unalterable"
to suit the circumstances of the case; also the tank is placed at once on the
frame of the cart, which is securely bolted and fixed to the axle of the wheels,
thus affording no spring to ease any sudden concussion to which the said cart
is liable when in use; also the strains and concussions to which the tank 'is'

page_text: subjected during usé from rugged roads, the varying quantity of liquid therein,
and from other causes which tend to loosen the rivets and to promote
leakage; further, the said tank is apt to rust from its constant exposure to
the joint influence of air and water.
One improvement consists of regulating the amount of flow from the tank
by a simple arrangement not likely to clog or otherwise get out of order. A
main or branch pipe as usual bent in a quadrantal form proceeds from tho
bottom of the tank to the middle of the horizontal curved distributing pipe or
tube. The construction of the main or branch pipe and of the distributing
pipe is, however, different from those ordinarily in use. In transverse section
the main or branch pipe is circular, but is divided into two parts or chambers
by a metallic longitudinal diaphragm. The distributing pipe is double, and
consists of one cylindrical pipe above another and separate from it, each pipe
being in exclusive communication with one of the chambers of the main pipe
or branch. Underneath the ordinary valve of the main pipe & resting-
upon it, or if found desireable pivoted upon the top of the diaphragm, is a
revolving disc valve having nearly one-half of its area cut away, so that the
opening thus formed may be over. one or other of the two chambers, or may
be partly over one and partly over the other according to the position of the
valve. The water is admitted to the upper or lower distributing pipe or to
both, and as one of the distributors has a greater number of holes, or other
wise a greater means of exit for the water than the other, the quantity of
liquid distributed in a given time can be perfectly regulated within certain
known limits.
A second improvement consists of employing vulcanized or other india-
rubber, or other elastic medium fitted in a suitable manner as a spring
between the base of the tank and the other part of the cart. By this means
the tank is preserved to a great extent from the effect of blows, and sudden.
concussions. One method of securing the resilient or elastic medium may be
by placing it (well fitted) in a groove running along the framework on which
the tank rests, the iron side straps would assist in keeping the india-rubber
firmly in the groove. According to a second method it may be secured by
self-adjusting bolts between flanges or screws, one projecting downwards from
the tank, the other upwards from the frame. Two or more places of attach-
ment may be used. Felt may be used in conjunction with vulcanized india-
rubber.
A third improvement consists in the use of "Spence's ship-lining com-
position," or other suitable Spence composition to prevent the oxidation and
corrosion that the tank is subject to internally from the continual abrasion of

page_text: 'impurities against the rivets and other places. The whole of the interior of
the tank may be covered with this composition by means of a trowel, so as
to present a smooth surface if desired, or only those parts that require pro-
tection may be coated by the use of the trowel or other suitable instrument.
We prefer to submit the tank to the process of galvanization or covering
with zine by immersion in the molten metal to prevent oxidation. After
having been properly cleansed by immersion in dilute hydrochloric acid or
other suitable cleansing bath the tank, is in the mass immersed in the gal-
vanizing bath. Suitable stays are provided to prevent the warping of the
tank during its immersion in the molten zinc.
On account of the improvements above set forth a. cart constructed
according to this Invention is peculiarly adapted to the purposes of watering
roads, irrigating and manuring land, and other like purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Rawsthorne and Edward Hodson Bayley in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 27th September 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM, THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
RAWSTHORNB and EDWARD HODSON BAYLEY, both of-42,. Newington Causeway;
in the Borough of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Wheelwrights and
Contractors, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her. Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, för Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Rawsthorne and Edward Hodson Bayley, Her special licence that
we, the said James Rawsthorne and Edward Hodson Bayley, our.executors;
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Rawsthorne
and Edward Hodson Bayley, our exécutors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all-
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
miake, 'use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS FOR DISTRIBUTING WATER, LIQUID MANURE, AND. OTHER.
FLUIDS.OVER ROADS AND LAND," upon the condition (amongst others) that we;
the said James Rawsthorne and Edward Hodson Bayley, our executors or.
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or.one of.

page_text: their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
.and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the, date of the said, Letters
.Patent.
•
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Rawsthorne and Edward Hudson
Bayley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and.in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer
tained in and by, the following statement :-
'
In water carts at present in use, whether much or little liquid be required
to be spread over a given space, and whether much or little height of water
be present, in the body of the water cart, the liquid always obtains exit by
passages and holes of the same cross sectional area and otherwise, of dimen
sions that are unalterable to suit the circumstances of the case; also the
body is placed at once on the frame of the cart, which is securely bolted and
fixed to the axle of wheels, thus affording no spring to ease any sudden
concussion to which the said cart is liable when in use; also the said body of
the cart is apt to rust from its constant exposure to the joint influence of air
and water; further, the strains and concussions to which the said body is
subjected during üse," from "rugged roads, the varying quantity of liquid
therein, and from other causes, tend to loosen the rivets and to promate
leakage.
"
One improvement consists in regulating the amount of flow from the body:
of the cart by a simple arrangement not likely to clog or otherwise get out of
order. A main or "branch" pipe, as usual bent in a quadrantal form, proceeds
from the bottem of the body to the middle of the horizontal curved dis-
tributing pipe or tube; the construction of the main or "branch" pipe and
of the distributing pipe is however different from that of those ordinarily in
use. In transverse section the main or "branch" pipe is circular, but it is
divided into two parts or chambers by a metallic longitudinal diaphragm..
The distributing pipe is double, and consists of one cylindrical pipe above
another and separate from it, each pipe being in exclusive communication
with one of the chambers of the main or "branch" pipe. Underneath the
ordinary valve of the main pipe, and resting upon it, or, if found desirable,
pivoted upon the top of the diaphragm, is a revolving disc valve, having nearly
one half of its area cut away, so that the opening thus formed may be over
one or other of the two chambers, or may be partly over one and partly over
the other; according to the position of the valve the water is admitted to the
upper or lower distributing pipe, or to both, and as one of the distributors has

page_text: a. greater. number of holes or otherwise, a greater means of exit for the water
than the other, the quantity of liquid distributed in a given time can be per-
'fectly regulated within certain known limits..
A second improvement consists of employing vulcanized or other india,
rubber or other elastic medium fitted in a suitable manner as a spring-
between the base of the body and the other part of the cart. By this means
the body of the cart is preserved, to a great extent, from the effect of blows
and sudden concussions. One method of securing the resilient or elastic
medium may be by placing it (well fitted), in a groove running along the
framework on which the body rests; the iron side straps would assist in
keeping the india-rubber firmly in the groove. According to a second
method, it may be secured by self-adjusting bolts between flanges or screws,
one projecting downwards from the body, the other upwards from the frame;
two or more places of attachment may be used. Felt may be employed in
conjunction with vulcanized india-rubber.
=
A third improvement consists in submitting the body of the cart to the
process of galvanization, or covering with zinc by immersion in the molten
metal to prevent oxidation. After having been properly cleansed by immersion
in dilute hydrochloric acid or other suitable cleansing bath, the body is in the
mass immersed in the galvanizing bath; suitable stays are provided to prevent
the warping of the body during its immersion in the molten zinc. In this
connection it may be noted that the shape of the body of the cart may be
made to suit the circumstances of the case; although we prefer a rectan-
gular cross section the body of the cart may be cylindrical or of other
suitable shape.
A fourth improvement consists in the use of "Spence's" ship-lining com-
position," or other suitable "Spence" composition to prevent the oxidation
and corrosion that the body of the cart is subject to internally from the con-
tinual abrasion of impurities against the rivets and other parts. The whole of
the interior of the body may be covered with this composition by means of a
trowel so as to present a smooth surface, if desired, or only those parts that
require protection may be coated by the use of the trowel or other suitable
instrument.
On account of the improvements above set forth a cart constructed'
according to this Invention is peculiarly adapted to the purposes of watering
roads, irrigating and manuring land, and other like purposes.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do
not limit ourselves to the precise details and configurations given herein for

page_text: the sake of illustration, as the same may be varied without departing from the
nature of our Invention; but we claim the four "Improvements in Carts for
Distributing Water, Liquid Manure, and other Fluids over Roads and Land,"..
substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Hodson Bayley, on behalf of the
said James Rawsthorne and myself, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
JAMES EDWARDS,
EDWARD HODSON BAYLEY.. (L.S.)
42, Newington Causeway,,
Southwark.