Improvements in Artificial Teeth and in Substances and Appliances used for Mounting and Framing the same.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 31st Aug., 1891-Accepted, 1st Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Artificial Teeth and in Substances and Appliances
used for Mounting and Framing the same.
I, CHARLES SAMUEL LEADBETTER of 61 Great Ducie. Street, Strangeways,
Manchester, Registered Dentist do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in artificial mineral teeth and gum teeth
and in the manufacture of substances made from the raw materials and used from
the manufactured state for mounting mineral teeth of an improved type, and for
making improved gum teeth and frames of the said substances.. and similar
substances; the object of the invention being to extend and add further substantial
improvements to my invention the subject of Letters Patent Nos. 2571 and. 12656
and dated February 18th and 19th 1890.
66
The aforesaid mineral teeth are used for dental purposes, and are known as
"vulcanite teeth," "diatoric teeth," perforated teeth," "paste teeth". and similar
teeth. The aforesaid gum teeth are known as mineral "gum. teeth," "vulcanite
pinned gum teeth" and similar gum teeth, the gum being of a similar substance to
the body of the tooth or teeth coloured to imitate the flesh of the, human,gum, and
made singly and in blocks of 'two, three or more and in continuous blocks of gum
teeth to match the lower as well as the upper jaw of the human mouth and the pins
(when the teeth are pinned) are usually of pure platinum or similar metal set in at
the early stage of their manufacture and baked in at the final stage.
I propose to manufacture my improved artificial teeth from the ordinary known
mineral tooth materials but to differ from the ordinary aforesaid "vulcanite teeth,"
"diatoric teeth,"
""perforated teeth," "paste teeth" and similar teeth with the
gum teeth in this respect that they will be capable of being used commonly for plate
and other dental work. To fulfil this dual function the structure of the aforesaid
teeth will be improved as hereinafter described so as to enable them to, be mounted
with ordinary as well as improved materials such as gold coated metal backing or
backing of other improved materials. For this purpose I make the aforesaid
improved teeth with a well proportioned broad dovetailed groove running straight
down a slightly projecting back of the tooth or teeth or the aforesaid dovetailed
groove may run down a slightly projecting back of the tooth or teeth after the
shape of a V and may also have a small round or other shaped perforation running
transversely across and through the dovetailed groove the groove of front teeth to
commence short of the crown of the tooth or teeth, the molars and half molars may
be dovetail grooved from the crown, gum teeth being similarly grooved with one or
more grooves to meet the extent of the mineral or other gum of gum teeth.
I also propose to manufacture the aforesaid dovetailed gum teeth showing, a
rubber gum made from the improved substances hereinafter: described.
My invention relates to the manufacture of improved india rubber, composition
used for dental and similar purposes from the crude or masticated or bleached india
rubber or similar india rubber mixed with a due proportion of superfine flour of
sulphur and coloured with colouring matter or other pigments if desired such as
aniline colours guaranteed to be free from arsenic or other poisonous allies.
And also 'to the manufacture of the material or composition known as "gutta
percha" or similar substance into a common dental substance, or dental composition
purified and bleached then treated with a due proportion of superfine flour of sulphur
and coloured if desired same as described for dental rubber compositions.
And also relates to the improved manufacture of the material or composition
mown as "dental celluloid " or similar celluloid compositions composed of gun

page_text: cotton or a superior fibred cotton cleaned and bleached and afterwards subjected to
an acideous treatment such as produces the product gun cotton or similar treatment
for a similar product coloured as aforesaid for dental and similar substances the
object of this improved manufacturing being to strengthen and increase the power
of the aforesaid descriptions of raw rubber, raw gutta percha and raw cotton to
resist a greater heat than they would if treated otherwise than being manufactured
as hereinafter explained.
For this purpose I propose to mix or combine with the aforesaid crude rubber
and sulphur with the aforesaid raw gutta percha and sulphur and with the aforesaid
raw acidulated superior cotton a small percentage of a concentrated essence of alum
and such bleached asbestos and after being thus mixed alone or in the aforesaid
combined form I treat the resulting product to the same and similar processes as if
they the alum or the asbestos or the combined alum and asbestos-or other heat
proof substitutes were not present in the mixing of the aforesaid rubber, gutta
percha and cotton compounds and using such of the hereinafter mentioned appliances
as will promote the resulting product desired and the further product in the making
of dental frames, shapes for the same and similar dental purposes.
I also propose in the manufacture of the aforesaid product raw rubber, raw gutta
percha or from the superior acidulated cotton either apart from or in combination
with alum or in combination with asbestos or in several combinations of alum and
asbestos or in various combinations with manufactured dental rubber in the dissolved
state or in the thin leaf or sheet state to combine therewith by the dipping,
spreading or compression in the manner described for perforated metal plates or
metal wire, woven, knitted, crotcheted, meshed or otherwise reticulated gold coated
or otherwise by any known process and more particularly by the processes described
in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 2571 granted to me as aforesaid on the
18th day of February 1890 that is to say that I propose to manufacture and claim a
wire fabric made by hand or by machine or by any other known process such as
wire woven, wire knitted, wire crotcheted to pattern or otherwise, meshed or other-
wise reticulated to design and to coat the same when made on both sides with the
rubber or gutta percha or celluloid or other india rubber composition, gutta percha
composition or celluloid composition suitable for dental purposes so that such rubber
or gutta percha or celluloid will entirely cover both sides thereof to the required
thickness and that the coatings of the two sides thereof will be united together by
the aforesaid compositions passing from one side to the other through the perfora-
tions, meshes, knitted or crotcheted stitches or reticulations of the metal and so
that the product will be externally the same on both sides as the dental rubbers
are now but the rubber, gutta percha and celluloid will be materially strengthened
by the presence in the interior thereof of the perforated metal plates or the woven
or otherwise reticulated metal fabric and capable with the alum, asbestos or a
combination of alum and asbestos or other heat proof ingredients to withstand a
greater heat in the production of artificial teeth attached with solder to metal,
rubber, gutta percha, celluloid and similar frames.
To attach the aforesaid improved teeth or similar teeth to a dental metal frame
or gold coated frame or frames made of improved substances as above described I
propose to use a solder superior to tinsmiths' solder with the No. 4 flux described in
the Specification of my No. 2656 Patent as aforesaid or the ordinary soft solder
flux such as spirits of salts or dissolved resin and salammoniac coating the solder
used with a gold superior coating or unite in the ordinary way with vulcanite or
with my improved vulcanite and in the case of celluloid using by adding as a kind
of flux prepared spirits of camphor to the celluloid when in the flask immediately
before vulcanising. I also propose to unite the aforesaid ordinary "vulcanite
teeth," "diatoric teeth," "perforated teeth," ". paste teeth" and similar teeth by
springing in the perforations at the back of the tooth a loop of sufficient length for
the ends thereof if bent outwards to clip in when sprung in the perforations leaving
the loop long enough to be held by rubber or similar composition or to be so further
dealt with as to pass through a perforated plate gold coated or otherwise, rubber

page_text: coated or otherwise, coated wire fabric or otherwise, so that if the loop when packed
in the perforations were cut into two the cut ends could be passed through the
perforations or reticulations and united or fixed to a frame with a solder superior to
tinsmiths' solder or by other means as aforesaid, and the aforesaid loop may be of
gold or of other metal or gold coated wire or gold coated steel wire, coated with
the etheral deposition process or other process of gilding steel and other wire.
I also propose to make a suitable soft metal (such as tin) disc to form a suction
chamber in my improved and ordinary rubber frames when desirable of a long pear
or similar shape having a flute cut across the centre from left to right and a number
of similar flutes running in the same direction slightly undercut in opposite
directions from the centre flute either outwards or inwards,-a suction chamber of
this description serving to grip the palate or gum without producing the common
inflammatory symptoms hitherto complained of.
The aforesaid appliances consist of metal ovens or vessels of a square and of a
circular form so formed as to pass over fastenings of the dentists vulcanisers, now
used, on to the lid when fixed in its place and similar square and circular metal
ovens and vessels having a well to fit into the boiler of a vulcaniser when not
ordinarily in use to be heated direct and indirect by the vulcaniser to the maximum
of the heat of the heated vulcaniser.
I also propose to make the aforesaid gutta percha substance, the celluloid
substance as well as the aforesaid dental rubber and improved rubbers and metal-
lined-gold coated or otherwise-substances into flat shapes of the palates and gums
of the upper jaw and the average extent of the lower human jaw and to put up the
same in wrappers and boxes labelled or otherwise.
Dated this 29th day of November 1890.
CHARLES SAMUEL LEADBETTER.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Artificial Teeth and in Substances and Appliances
used for Mounting and Framing the same.
1, CHARLES SAMUEL LEADBETTER of 61 Great Ducie Street, Strangeways
Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Registered Dentist do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in artificial mineral teeth and gum teeth
and in the manufacture of substances made from the raw materials and used from
the manufactured state for mounting mineral teeth of an improved type and for
making improved gum teeth and frames of the said substances and similar
substances; the object of the invention being to extend and add further substantial
improvements to my invention the subject of Letters Patent No. 2571 and 2656 and
dated February 18th, and 19th, 1890.
" <6
"
The aforesaid mineral teeth are used for dental purposes and are known as
"vulcanite teeth" "diatoric teeth" " perforated teeth paste teeth" and similar
" vulcanite
teeth. The aforesaid gum teeth are known as mineral "
gum teeth'
pinned gum teeth" and similar gum teeth, the gum being of a similar substance to
the body of the tooth or teeth coloured to imitate the flesh of the human gum and
made singly and in blocks of two three or more and in continuous blocks of gum
teeth to match the lower as well as the upper jaw of the human mouth and the
pins when the teeth are pinned are usually of pure platinum or similar metal set
in at the early stage of their manufacture and baked in at the final stage.
I propose to manufacture my improved artificial teeth from the ordinary known
mineral tooth materials but of a different shape from the ordinary aforesaid
"vulcanite teeth" "diatoric teeth" * perforated teeth "paste teeth" and similar
teeth with the gum teeth in this respect that they will be capable of being used
22

page_text: commonly for plate and other dental work. To fulfil this dual function the structure
of the aforesaid teeth will be improved as hereinafter described so as to enable
them to be mounted with ordinary as well as improved materials such as gold coated
metal backing or backing of other improved materials. For this purpose I make
the aforesaid improved teeth with a well proportioned broad dovetailed groove
running straight down a slightly projecting back of the tooth or teeth, or the
aforesaid dovetailed groove may run down a slightly projecting back of the tooth
or teeth after the shape of a V, and may also have a small round or other shaped
perforation, running transversely, across and through the dovetailed groove, the
groove of front teeth to commence short of the crown of the tooth or teeth.
The molars and half molars may be dovetailed from the crown, gum teeth being
similarly grooved with one or more grooves to meet the extent of the mineral or
other gum of gum teeth.
I also propose to, manufacture the aforesaid dovetailed gum teeth showing a
rubber gum made from the improved substances hereinafter described.
My invention, relates, to the manufacture of improved india rubber composition
used for dental and similar purposes from the crude or masticated or bleached
india; rubber or similar india rubber mixed with, a due proportion of superfine
flour of sulphur and coloured with colouring matter or other pigments if
desired such as aniline colours guaranteed to be free from arsenic or other
poisonous, alloys..
"gutta
And also, the manufacture of the material or composition known as
percha” or similar substances into a common dental substance or dental composition
purified and bleached, then treated with a due proportion of superfine flour of
sulphur and coloured if desired same as described for dental rubber compositions.
And also relates to the improved manufacture of the material or composition
known as "dental celluloid". or similar celluloid composition composed of gun
cotton or a superior fibred cotton cleaned and bleached and afterwards subjected to
an acideous treatment such as produces the product gun cotton, or similar treatment
for a similar product coloured as aforesaid for dental purposes and similar substances,
the object of this improved manufacturing being to strengthen and increase the
power of the aforesaid descriptions of raw rubber, raw gutta percha, and raw cotton
to resist a greater heat than they would if treated otherwise than being manu-
factured as hereinafter explained.
For this purpose I propose to mix or combine with the aforesaid crude rubber and
sulphur, with the aforesaid raw gutta percha and sulphur and with the aforesaid raw
acidulated superior cotton a small percentage of a concentrated essence of alum and
bleached asbestos and after being thus mixed alone or in the aforesaid combined
form I treat the resulting product to the same and similar processes as if they-the
alum or the asbestos or the combined alum and asbestos-or other heat proof
substitutes were not present in the mixing of the aforesaid rubber, gutta percha,
celluloid compounds and using such of the hereinafter mentioned appliances as will
promote the resulting product desired and further product in the making dental
frames, shapes for the same and similar dental purposes..
I also propose in the manufacturing of the aforesaid product raw rubber, raw
gutta percha or from the superior acidulated cotton either apart from or in com-
bination with alum or in combination with asbestos or in several combinations of
alum and asbestos or in various combinations with manufactured dental rubber in
the dissolved state or in the thin leaf or sheet state to combine therewith by the
dipping, spreading or compression in the manner described for perforated metal
plates or metal wire, woven, knitted, crocheted, meshed or otherwise reticulated
gold coated or otherwise by any known process and more particularly by the process
described in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 2571 granted to me as afore-
said on the 18th day of February 1890 that is to say that I propose to manufacture
and claim a wire fabric made by hand or by machine or by any other known process
such as wire woven, wire knitted, wire crocheted to pattern or otherwise, meshed or
otherwise reticulated to design and to coat the same when made on both sides with the

page_text: rubber or gutta percha or celluloid or other india rubber composition, gutta percha
composition or celluloid composition suitable for dental purposes so that such rubber
or gutta percha or celluloid will entirely cover both sides thereof to the required
thickness and that the coatings of the two sides thereof will be united together by
the aforesaid compositions passing from one side to the other through the perfora-
tions, meshes, knitted or crocheted stitches or reticulations of the metal so that the
product will be externally the same on both sides as the dental rubbers are now, but
the rubber, gutta percha, and celluloid will be materially strengthened by the
presence in the interior thereof of the perforated metal plates or the woven or
otherwise reticulated metal fabric and capable with the alum, asbestos or a com-
bination of alum and asbestos or other heat proof ingredients to withstand a greater
heat in the production of artificial teeth attached with solder to metal, rubber, gutta
percha, celluloid or similar frames.
"
To attach the aforesaid improved teeth or similar teeth to a dental metal frame
or gold coated frame or frames made of improved substances as above described' P
propose to use a solder superior to tinsmiths' solder with the No. 4 flux described' in
the Specification of my No. 2656 Patent as aforesaid or the ordinary soft solder
flux such as spirits of salts or dissolved resin and salamoniac coating the solder used
with a gold superior coating or united in the ordinary way with vulcanite or with
my improved vulcanite and in the case of celluloid using by adding as a kind of
flux prepared spirits of camphor to the celluloid when in the flask immediately
before vulcanising. I also propose to unite the aforesaid ordinary "vulcanite teeth
"diatoric teeth" " perforated teeth" "paste teeth" and similar teeth by springing
in the perforations at the back of the tooth a loop of sufficient length for the ends
thereof if bent outwards to clip in when sprung in the perforations leaving the loop
long enough to be held by rubber or similar composition or to be further dealt with
so as to pass through a perforated plate gold coated or otherwise, rubber coated or
otherwise coated wire fabric or otherwise so that if the loop when packed in the
perforations was cut into two the cut ends could be passed through the perforations
or reticulations and united or fixed to a frame with a solder superior to tinsmiths'
solder or by other means as aforesaid, and the aforesaid loop may be of gold
or of other metal or gold coated wire or gold coated steel wire, coated with the
etheral deposition process or other process of gilding steel and other wire.
I also propose to make a suitable soft metal (such as tin) disc to form a suction
chamber in my improved and ordinary rubber frames when desirable of a long pear
or similar shape having a flute cut across the centre from left to right, and a
number of similar flutes running in the same direction slightly undercut in opposite
directions from the centre flute either outwards or inwards, -a suction chamber of
this description serving to grip the palate or gum without producing the common
inflammatory symptoms hitherto complained of.
The aforesaid appliances consist of metal ovens or vessels of a square and of a
circular form so formed as to pass over fastenings of the dentists' vulcanisers now
used on to the lid when fixed in its place and similar square and circular metal
ovens and vessels having a well to fit into the boiler of a vulcaniser when not
ordinarily in use to be heated direct and indirect by the vulcaniser to the maximum
of the heated vulcaniser.
I also propose to make the aforesaid gutta percha substance, the celluloid
substance as well as the aforesaid dental rubber and improved rubbers and
metal-lined (gold coated or otherwise) substances into flat shapes of the palates and
gums of the upper jaw and the averages of extent of the lower human jaw and to
put up the same in wrappers and boxes labelled or otherwise.
In carrying out my invention I'find that the grooves proposed to run down the
projecting back (which is not necessarily flat backed) of my improved teeth will
best realise the object of my invention by being varied to follow the course as shown
in the accompanying drawings with the perforation described to run transversely
through the tooth or teeth.

page_text: Figure 1 and 6 show a flat back tooth having a through dovetailed groove A,
and a small transverse perforation, position of which shown by Figure 6 is designed
for a longer flat back than Figure 1.
Figure 2 shows a round backed tooth with dovetailed groove the small circles
indicating the position for the transverse perforation.
Figure 3 shows a flat back tooth with a tongued dovetailed groove the small
circles indicating the position for the transverse perforation.
Figure 4 shows a flat back tooth with tongued dovetailed groove stopped at a part
of the way up the back of the tooth the small circles indicating the position or
thereabouts for the transverse perforation or the tooth may be stopped part of the
way from the crown of the tooth.
Figure 5 shows a flat backed tooth with dovetailed groove stopped at part of
the way up the back of the tooth and the small circles indicating the position for
the transverse perforation or the tooth may be stopped part of the way from the
crown of the tooth.
Figure 6 as shown described with reference to Figure 1.
Figure 7 shows a flat back tooth with a V shaped through dovetailed groove the
small circles indicating the position of the transverse perforation.
Figure 8 and 9 shows an ordinary perforated, paste, diatoric, and similar tooth
with a double bent pin in position, being as shown in Figure 12 and 13.
Figure 10 shows a block of flat backed gum tooth with through dovetailed
grooves the small circles indicating the position for the transverse perforation.
Figure 11 shows a side view of a gum tooth pinned with a loop such as is shown
on Figure 12 and 13 with the loop cut ready for being backed-a
-as the ordinary pin
teeth are with a further backing as hereinafter described.
Figure 11 shows a side view of an ordinary vulcanite diatoric tooth having a
triangular perforation across and through the tooth substance in the unpinned
state.
Figure 12 and 13 show two forms of a loop with the ends bent outwards ready
for springing into a perforated grooved tooth or into an ordinary diatoric, perforated,
paste and similar teeth from the inside into the small perforation shown in
Figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11.
Figure 14 shows a loop for pinning such teeth as Figure 114 and similar teeth in
combination with metal-lined materials and if desired backed with dental metals.
Figure 15 shows a pin for steadying through the transverse perforations a metal
plate when slipped into the grooves of a grooved tooth.
Figure 16 and 17 show the forins of metal plates for inserting into the grooves
of grooved teeth.
_ Figure 18 shows an oven about 8 inches square-or it may, also, be made in the
round and other shapes-having a door, F, on one side and a nozzle at the back to
carry off vapours and made both with and without an upper chamber about 3 inches
in height covering the whole of the area of the top of the oven shown at A, this
chamber is furnished with a slide, B, on one or both sides as desired and a round
opening, C, on the top of the chamber to take a lid or the appliance Fig 21 and similar
appliances and has one shelf shown in position at, D, and an attached well, E, of
the depth desired, the bottom of the well is unperforated or otherwise, this well
has a neck and shoulder of the dimensions desired similarly as shown at, O and P,
Fig. 21, to fit into and to rest upon the boiler flanges of a dentist's vulcaniser or a
boiler as shown by Fig. 20, with the oven Fig. 18 in position thereon capable of
being heated with steam generated by gas, oil or spirit.
Figure 19 shows an oven similar to that shown by Fig. 18, but having instead
of the well a hollow space or recess, G, open at the bottom to permit of its being
passed when required over the links and fastenings of a dentist's steam gauged
vulcaniser, but the dimensions of the oven and the openings through the bottom
may be varied and adapted to fit upon any dentists' vulcanisers worked with a steam
pressure gauge or a thermometer.

page_text: Fig. 20, shows a water boiler, H, about 9 inches in diameter fitted either loosely
or fixedly into a round or other shaped ordinarily ventilated case or stand, I, about
16 inches in height, heated with a removable Bunsen gas burner, K, or it may be
heated with oil or spirit, and provided with an opening, L, in the top of the boiler
to take a lid or the appliance Fig. 16, as shown in position through the opening
at, L, or the appliance Fig. 21 and similar appliances.
Fig. 21 shows an appliance having a top about 8 inches square, M. with a thick
wire rim, N, running round the sides of the top to take a cover.
The sides are
drawn down to a round shoulder and flange of the desired depth and size required, O,
to this flange is attached a round neck, P, of a length and diameter to fit into any
of the openings in the top of the appliances Fig. 18, 19, 20, and similar appliances
or into the boiler of a dentist's vulcaniser, the boiler capacity and diameter of a
vulcaniser to govern the size of the neck and openings of the appliances Fig. 18, 19,
20, and 21 and similar appliances.
Figure 22, shows a plan and section of my improved disc for forming a suction
chamber in dental frames for the upper or lower jaws.
Having constructed sets of teeth or odd teeth with or without gum of the shape
described of the number, size and shade desired I then use them as ordinary
vulcanite teeth or spring into the transverse perforation from the inside a loop made
from a piece of wire about inch long as shown by Fig. 12, or 13, then fill up the
groove temporarily with ordinary impression composition or dental wax then place
them into a plaster mould or into a metal flask made in three parts. The first part
or base of which serves to take the impression of the face of the teeth or teeth and
gum the second part to take the neck parts of the back up to the pins or loop and
the third part the remainder.
Having taken an impression in plaster of paris I reproduce the mould in metal in
the ordinary way or form one of plaster of paris hardened and heat proofed with
other ingredients, after the tooth or teeth have been removed from the mould I
then clear the teeth of the wax or composition pack the tooth or teeth in the
ordinary way carefully with vulcanite or similar composition or combinations of
compositions and return them to the metal or permanent mould to be pressed with
an ordinary press I then take out of the mould and invest them with plaster of
paris in a flask in the usual way and vulcanise them as usual or vulcanise them in
an investment of a more enduring character such as tin or alloys of tin or
aluminium or aluminium alloys or hardened plaster materials with or without
asbestos as an ingredient, after vuicanising I take them out of the investment trim
and finish them with ordinary trimming and finishing tools then cut the loop and in
this manner I produce sets of teeth or odd mineral teeth without an artificial
mineral gum packed and vulcanised with vulcanite or similar composition or com-
binations of composition having two pins therein suitable for attaching to a frame
made of vulcanite, celluloid, gutta percha, or similar composition or combinations
of composition or dental metal frames as described in my Specifications of invention
dated Leadbetter 25710" "Leadbetter 265690" and frames made of the materials
hereinafter described and for general dental purposes.
To produce a mineral tooth grooved as aforesaid with a gun of vulcanite,
celluloid, gutta percha, or similar composition or combination of compositions I add
to the ungummed mineral tooth or teeth the shape of the gum desired with ordinary
impression composition or similar suitable substance and proceed as described for teeth
without artificial gum or with mineral gum. When at the pressed stage I take the
teeth out of the gum tooth mould and shade the gum portion with the gum colour
desired or artistically indent and beautify with dissolved coloured compositions of
various tints, which when done I place in one of the ovens shown on the accom-
panying drawings heated indirect by boiling hot water or by direct or indirect
heat from steam or dry heated vulcaniser at the temperature desired to evaporate
the solvents. When dry I repeat the beautifying processes until the shade appear-
ance and depth of colour has been secured, and when dry if desired.
I return the now dried beautified gum tooth or teeth to the mould to be slightly

page_text: pressed to preserve the lines originally marked out for the gum of the gum tooth
or teeth. I then remove them from the mould and invest as aforesaid and vulcanise
and when vulcanised remove from the investing agent and finish and fine polish in
the usual way and if the groove or grooves are pinned with a loop as aforesaid cut
the loops into two halves and in this manner I produce one or more composite gum
teeth or blocks of 2, 3, or more as desired pinned with one, two or more pins as
desired or with the perforated dovetailed groove alone without pins or otherwise
and in a condition for attaching to the aforesaid descriptions of artificial teeth
frames, instead of the aforesaid ordinary vulcanite, celluloid, gutta percha, or similar
composition or combination of compositions, the teeth may be backed and the
grooves of the aforesaid teeth and similar teeth filled with metal-lined dental rubber
and similar composition materials as manufactured by my processes patented under
date "Leadbetter 25710" and "Leadbetter 26560 "and as hereinafter described
and if preferred using a loop as shown by Figure 14 by passing the pins through a
perforation or reticulation in the metallined materials before pressing the same into
the groove of the tooth or teeth or instead thereof, or I form the aforesaid patent dental
metal into a plug as shown Figure 16 and 17 to fit the kind of groove in the tooth
closely; then perforate the plug in the desired places pass the tight fitting pins
shown in Figure 15 into the perforations in the plug and solder them to it. Then
apart from the teeth I hard or soft solder them on to a dental frame or other base
for an artificial tooth to rest on, then finally slip the grooved tooth or teeth down
the plug or backing on to the base using a quick setting cement to unite the tooth
to the backing in the groove, composed of a strong solution of chloride of zinc made
into a paste with white or coloured up oxide of zinc or a cement composed of
sulphur with a little resin or bleached shellac added in the powdered state melted
by heat or other cement.
In addition to the aforesaid improved grooved teeth as shown on the accom-
panying drawings I propose to pin back and adorn with an artificial gum made from
metal-lined composite materials the ordinary diatoric teeth, perforated teeth, paste
teeth and similar teeth such as shown on Figures 8 and 9 and similar teeth such as
are, manufactured by Messrs. Ash's, Massey and others, by pinning and backing
them with the pins and backing shown in Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 using
the aforesaid methods and moulds to accomplish the object with the hereinafter
described materials. The superior and inferior metals employed to pin the teeth
with are of a similar thickness to the platina pin wire now in use and when desired
gold coated by the several processes most expedient to suit the various aforesaid
and hereinafter described materials designed to 'back them and to support'them in
the human mouth.
The depth of the grooves of the aforesaid teeth shown in the accompanying
drawings is proposed to be under or about twice the thickness of the aforesaid pin
wire, and the superior and inferior metals free from composition employed to fit
the grooves may be rolled out in the ordinary way to fit closely when inserted in
the groove or grooves and indented at each side in the proper place to permit of
two pins shown on Figure 15 passing through the perforations in the body of the
tooth or teeth tightly and to rest in the indents made in the groove filling or plug
and the same thickness of metal is proposed to be used for the tongued grooves
and may be accurately rolled out through a pair of steel grooved rollers to the
correct size and in the absence of these made by soldering two thin untongued
grooved filling up plates together in the way to form the reverse of the tongue of
the tooth and fixed in the grooves as aforesaid.
When the aforesaid grooved and ordinary perforated diatoric and similar teeth
are fitted up with metal or vulcanised or unvulcanised vulcanite or metal-lined or
heat proof materials they may be joined to a metal frame or metal-lined frame by
vulcanising them on to the aforesaid frames in the usual way or when the teeth
and frame are in the vulcanised condition 'they may be soldered together or to a
metal frame or to a metal-lined vulcanised frame prepared to fit the human mouth
with a solder composed of pure tin or tin alloyed with a little silver fluxed with

page_text: the usual fluxes or a solder composed of one or two or more parts of pure
aluminium to eight parts of pure tin by scraping to the metal in the metal-lined
vulcanised material in the places where the teeth are to be soldered, then tinning
the uncovered metal or metal frame with the usual tinning tools and treat the tooth
backing to a similar tinning, then with a gold coated piece of thin metal tinned on
one side and bent to the angle desired solder the whole together with a blow pipe
or similar means in the usual way, or join the whole together without the interven-
tion of a metal backing and cover the tin soldered parts by the amalgamation
process with thick gold leaf, capping the pins if any in the same way using the
aforesaid fluxes to run the solder or tin the parts in the usual way then solder with
a light soldering iron but if desired first rub the parts to be tinned with an
amalgam mixed in the hand or by other means composed of pure tin or tin with a
little silver and refined mercury squeezed out as dry as possible, then gold coat or
coat with platina leaf as aforesaid and burnish with a burnisher and finish in the
usual way.
The preparation for the aforesaid and hereinafter mentioned purposes of the
ordinary manufactured coloured and uncoloured dental rubber consists in dissolving
in the cold state in a suitably shaped vessel about three parts by weight of
uncoloured or coloured ordinary dental rubber in ten parts by weight of dissolving
naphtha or in oil of turpentine, or in a combination of the naphtha and turpentine,
say three of the former to one of the latter, or in similar combinations or in other
known rubber solvents, or combination of known rubber solvents, for twelve to.
twenty-four hours. It will then be ready for further use, providing it has been
well stirred up at intervals during that time. The dissolving may be, hastened by
the ingredients being heated in one of the aforesaid ovens or appliances shown by
Figure 18 or 19 in the manner hereinafter explained to the maximum of permissible
heat. The preparation of pure crude or masticated rubber consists in dissolving
in the cold state in a suitably shaped vessel about one part by weight of pure
crude or masticated rubber in twenty parts by weight of dissolving naphtha, or in
oil of turpentine, or a combination of the naphtha and the turpentine say three of
the former to one of the latter or in similar combinations or in other known rubber
solvents or in combinations of known rubber solvents for twelve to twenty four
hours stirred well up at intervals of time or the dissolving may be hastened by the
ingredients being heated in one of the appliances shown by Figure 18 or 19 in the
manner hereinafter described to the maximum permissible heat. Then I mix in
sulphur and other ingredients if desired as hereinafter explained.
If desired before dissolving the crude or masticated rubber the same may be
purified bleached or whitened by reducing the rubber to very small shreds or
shavings with a sharp cutting instrument or knife under water then afterwards if
desired still further reducing it with a pair of shears or suitable machinery, then
boiling in boiling water the reduced rubber in a suitable enamelled pan or boiler
to fit the appliance shown by Figure 20 or a similar appliance (1) in a solution of
one part of soft soap to 120 parts of water (2) or the solution made stronger with
addition of one part of common domestic soda (3) or still stronger with half a part
of caustic soda, or in similar combinations of these ingredients. I boil in the first
from the cold to boiling point and if not satisfactory add No. 2 and boil again for
five minutes and if not satisfactory add No. 3 and boil for about ten minutes and
if not then satisfactory add sulphuric acid in the proportion of one part to 120 of
solution then boil for a final five or more minutes. This will reduce the rubber to
a creamy colour I then reboil in fresh clear water several times to work off the
acid and when free from acid skim the rubber off the water into a suitable shallow
appliance and dry it in one of the aforesaid described ovens with a heat of
120 degrees F. if the progress is too slow for the purpose desired increase the
temperature and when free from moisture redissolve the whitened rubber in
the aforesaid rubber solvents in a suitable vessel by means of any of the aforesaid
appliances, then mix in a due proportion of superfine flour of sulphur but before
B

page_text: doing so reduce the sulphur to a fine pasty condition with the aforesaid solvents
mixing in as hereinafter explained. Or the crude or masticated rubber may be
purified bleached or whitened in the dissolved state by emptying the dissolved.
rubber into a similar bath as described for undissolved rubber and boiling the same
after a similar order of boilings then skimming and drying as aforesaid. The due
proportion of fine dry flour of sulphur may be mixed with the soft rubber at this
stage but preferably the sulphur is prepared by being mixed in suitable appliance
with as much of the rubber solvents as will make a given quantity into a very fine
thick paste. I then thoroughly work in and blend one part of sulphur to two
of the rubber or other preferred combination but thirty-four of sulphur to
sixty-six of the rubber in a hundred parts by weight yields the reliable rubber
particularly so when oil of turpentine is present and when vulcanised at a tem-
perature of 320 degrees for 75 minutes or at a temperature of 340 degrees of heat
for 65 minutes and if to be coloured mix the colours desired with the dry or diluted
sulphur or otherwise.
The blending of the rubber with other ingredients such as alum or borax etc. is
improved by being effected at this the semifluid state and quickened if done at a
temperature of 160 degrees F. giving close attention to the stirring up of the com-
pound and if necessary adding more of the solvent to ensure the thoroughness of
the blending of the materials. I then reduce by evaporating the solvents in one
of the aforesaid or similar appliances to a thick pasty mass then if desired enrich
with colours as hereinafter explained, then run the rubber composition off on to a
suitably sized piece of-wet with water or dry-wet preferred-linen or calico laid
out on a suitable sized slab or slabs made of thin metal, glazed porcelain, glass or
enamelled metal, then cover the material with another similar piece of calico or
linen then with a hand roller or by passing it through a pair of suitable rollers to roll
out to the desired thickness or spread the manufactured materials to the desired
thin even surface. Then put on one side to dry for further treatment or before doing
so still further evaporate the solvents by placing the spread out rubber on the
enamelled metal or similar slab into the heated upper portion A, of the appliance
Figure 19 and when satisfactory remove and place on one side to cool, when cool
at this stage if desired the rubber will give of the linen or calico if the same be
wetted.
The adoption and preparation of gutta percha as an adjunct to and a substitute
for caoutchouc or india rubber consists in softening purified and bleached white
gutta percha with a dry heat at a temperature of from 130 to 160 degrees F. in
appliance Figure 18 and 19 heat and kneading in thoroughly about one part of dry
fine flour of sulphur to 6 parts by weight of the aforesaid softened gutta percha―
these relative proportions are given for dry sulphur and for unsoftened purified com-
mercial gutta percha-I then add 5 per cent. of dissolved thick uncoloured manufac-
tured ordinary dental rubber. This compound if thoroughly mixed will vulcanise and
yield a fair resulting product for dental purposes at 320 degrees of heat in
100 minutes, but if more of the dissolved manufactured ordinary rubber be added
the weight of sulphur must be increased to the same proportionate quantity used
for pure rubber and if this be done the compound will vulcanise fairly at
320 degrees of heat for 80 minutes; or I dissolve in the cold state in a suitably
shaped vessel about one part by weight of purified or bleached white gutta percha
in twenty parts by weight of dissolving naphtha or oil of turpentine or combination
of naphtha and turpentine or other solvents say three of the former to one of the
latter or in similar combinations of solvents for 12 to 24 hours stirred well up at
intervals or I hasten the process by heating the materials to a temperature of from
60 to 100 degrees of heat by means of any of the aforesaid appliances; then
thoroughly mix in prepared sulphur as aforesaid and as hereinafter explained to
the extent of one of sulphur to six of crude or white gutta percha and when
thoroughly mixed, run or spread the compound off into sheet calico or linen laid
out on a smooth level surface, then cover with sheet calico or linen passing over

page_text: the covered materials a hand machine or other roller to reduce the composition to
the thinness desired. I treat the aforesaid kneaded composition to a similar rolling
out to the desired thinness and place on one side to dry for further treatment..
To a
The preparation of the raw materials for the manufacture of improved "dental
celluloid" consists in selecting preferably from the best American cotton or similar
cotton of long fibre and purifying it after the following or similar manner.
solution of one part by weight of caustic soda to ten parts by weight of clear
water add three parts by weight of the aforesaid long fibred cotton and boil or
simmer the whole for about three hours to cleanse the cotton of all impurities or
subject the same to a hand cleansing machine of T. Bradford & Co. or J. Greenalls'
or similar make for a less time; then take out the cotton and rinse in clean cold
water and reboil and cleanse in fresh clean water and if satisfactory and free
from impurities then dry at a temperature of about 130 degrees F. in a vessel in
any of the aforesaid appliances or similar appliances, when dry leave it out of the
appliance for a short time to air or until required for use, then redry as before
until there is a certainty of all moisture being extracted as there is danger when
moisture is present in the succeeding processes.
Then select a suitable sized very wide mouthed glass bottle or jar and make it
very clean and dry when this has been done run in 100 parts by weight of
chemically pure sulphuric acid, sp. g. 1.843; then add slowly sixty parts by weight
of chemically pure nitric acid, sp. g. 1.42, or 120 parts of the sulphuric acid to
70 parts of the nitric acid then carefully add 20 parts by weight in either case of
clear water. The introduction of the water will create considerable heat about
160 degrees F. at this stage carefully and quickly introduce in small pieces at a
time with a glass rod, pressing it down so as to be and kept wholly covered by the
solution, 6 parts by weight of the aforesaid carefully and thoroughly dried cotton,
and keep it under in the solution for about twelve minutes; then quickly take the
saturated cotton out with the glass rod and plunge into clear cold water ready at
hand; then transfer the cotton to fresh clean water and pull it to pieces in the water
with glass rods then wash and rewash the cotton in clean water until the water
ceases to be acrid; then take out the cotton and dry with suitable cloths then pull
out the cotton into small pieces and dry them in the air of a room having a low
temperature on appliance Figure 21 or similar appliance heated to about 100 degrees
of heat.
After the aforesaid cotton has been dried aired and seasoned as aforesaid mix in
the cold in a suitable vessel having a closed cover 200 parts by weight of pure
alcohol sp. g. 795, with 100 parts of ether sp. g. 735 or 720 or equal parts of
the alcohol and the ether with as much of the aforesaid cotton-pyroxyline-in
small pieces at a time in 24 hours as can be absorbed by it, or until it has assumed
the consistency of a thick pasty mass, or the cotton may be added until it presents
more of a solid form and when in the solid form it may be softened or dissolved
with spirits of camphor or with a solution composed of camphor dissolved in
alcohol.
95
per
Then if desired combine about 5 per cent. of india rubber dissolved in ether with
cent. of the dissolved cotton and if preferred more flexible add a small per-
centage of clear castor, linseed, olive, or similar vegetable oil and if desired to
celour it as hereinafter explained. To enrich the appearance with colours, any of
the aforesaid rubber compositions, gutta percha compositions, celluloid compo-
sitions or combinations of compositions dissolve at a temperature of about
160 degrees F. in a suitable glass vessel in any one of the aforesaid appliances in
alcohol of the aforesaid sp. g. as much aniline colour of the colour desired or
combinations of colours guaranteed to be free from arsenic and other poisonous
ingredients-as will keep the colour fluids in the fluid state say one part by weight
of the colour or colours to ten parts by weight of the alcohol, or colour with other
known rubber pigments mixed in suitable colour solvents or colours that may be
worked in from the superfine powdery state such as clear white oxide of zinc,
rouge or vermilion supported with other known solid matter.

page_text: In colouring flesh colours or common colours with aniline colours mix in the
solvents well a little at a time until the desired degree or depth of colour has been
reached.
To strengthen the aforesaid flesh or fancy coloured manufactured rubber or
manufactured gutta percha or manufactured celluloid by various combinations of
the same, reduce any of the aforesaid uncoloured and coloured or fancy coloured
or special manufactured materials in the early stage of their manufacture or the
manufactured dental rubbers, gum coloured or patent shaded rubber to a sheet or
other form desired of the thinness of about ordinary writing paper and of a
uniform size, keeping the clippings of each, if any, separate for future treatment ;
then on a suitable base place a sheet or shape of any of the inferior coloured
aforesaid materials, then a sheet or shape of pure uncoloured materials on the
surface of that, then a sheet or shape of the superior coloured, flesh coloured,
fancy coloured, shaded coloured, or special coloured or other superior coloured
material over all, then cover with a sheet or piece of linen or calico and press them
together with a press to consolidate the materials or run them over with a hand
roller or pass them through a pair of hollow rollers heated to boiling water heat
with water or with heaters to fit the same heated to redness or through a pair of
ordinary rollers warmed either with steam through a tube direct from a dentist's
vulcaniser having a nozzle to pass off steam or through a tube from the aforesaid
appliance Figure 20 or similar boiler having a nozzle for this and similar purposes,
or heat the ordinary dentists' rollers through a sponge fixed in a trough fitting the
recess under the rollers to suit the same so as to cause the sponge to press against
the rollers to keep them warm and wet, filled in the first instance with boiling hot
water and renewed when desired or kept hot with a suitable spirit or other lamp
or with a gas jet served through a flexible removable tube; or if uncoloured
material or all of one colour is preferred place a sheet or piece of superior thick metal
foil gold or platinum coated between two layers of said material, but before covering
with the final material the metal foil placed on the base material may with
advantage be perforated with a perforating tool or be punctured into the material
with a triangular or polygonal puncturing instrument by hand or by a similar
instrument or needle in a sewing or similar machine, then pressed with a warmed
press or iron to cause the thereby softened materials to expand and fill up the per-
forations and punctures made; or I produce a similar effect by passing through
heated or warm rollers or warm the materials and press with the cold press I then
cover the metal with the remaining materials warmed in appliance Figure 18, 19
or 21 and pass them through press pressure or through warmed rollers as aforesaid
between two sheets of linen or calico. These and similar materials may be further
strengthened by being stitched with superior fine soft wire either by hand or
by machine in a regular manner or to a design-after the style in miniature
of quilting and after being so treated finish if desired through the rollers as
aforesaid.
In combining the celluloid materials their union will become more perfect and
more readily effective if smeared over with a soft brush with a strong solution of
spirits of camphor composed of equal weight of pure alcohol with solid camphor
dissolved therein or wetted with a solution of strong pure collodion and vulcanised
at celluloids temperature.
To render crude or masticated rubber gutta percha, celluloid and manufactured
dental rubbers and dental celluloids as commonly manufactured capable of resisting
greater heat than heretofore and to enable my improved teeth, gum teeth, and
similar gum as aforesaid added to perforated teeth, diatoric teeth, paste teeth, and
similar teeth to be used for plate and other dental work including my improved
materials constituting the frames for the supporting the aforesaid teeth and covering
the palate and gum of the upper and lower jaw of the human mouth and similar frames
and supports capable of resisting greater heat mix in at the early stage of the pre-
paration of the aforesaid materials one or more of the following ingredients or a variety
of their combinations consisting of alum, asbestos, borax, carbonate of soda or other

page_text: sodas, salamoniac and white silicate of soda. The ingredients may be used in the
following combinations but other proportions or combinations may be used. I mix
to a thick syrup with any of the aforesaid rubber, gutta percha, or celluloid
solvents, 4 parts of alum with three parts of borax or two and a half parts of alum
with two and a half parts of borax with 5 parts of asbestos prepared as herein-
after explained, or 2 parts of alum with 1 part of borax with 20 of asbestos, or
three parts of alum with one part of borax, or 5 parts of borax with 2 parts of
salamoniac or 5 parts of salamoniac with 3 parts of borax and similar combinations
with 100 parts of the rubber gutta percha or celluloid at the aforesaid convenient
stages of preparation.
To prepare the asbestos I prefer to use Messrs. Bell's selected white asbestos
gas fibre and grind it through a mill to a superfine powder, then boil it in a
sulphuric acid bath for ten minutes the bath being composed of 1 part of the acid
to 30 of water; then run off the acid water and reboil in fresh water several times
to free the asbestos powder from the acid, then subject it to a similar boil in a strong
alum bath 5 parts of water to 2 alum in a preferably funnel shaped boiler stirring
it up during the operation, then run off the liquor then take off the bulk of the
cleansed asbestos leaving the residuum in the cone of the boiler, then dry the said
bulk thoroughly in any of the aforesaid appliances at a low temperature, turning
it over at intervals during the process of drying.
To metal line any of the aforesaid materials including the materials capable of
resisting greater heat than the ordinary dental composite materials I prepare the
metals as hereinafter explained, then having the materials desired to cover the
metal fabric made in the sheet or shaped from a thick pasty state either warm or
cold in a suitable jar or vessel, I dip the aforesaid fabric either in the warmed or cold
state, warm preferred, into the pasty material then place or hang up to dry off the
solvents in a heated appliance or dry from the cold and when dry sufficiently then
repeat the dipping until the desired thickness has been reached, or coat by any
other known dipping process, or place the metal fabric to be coated with composite
materials on a damp sheet or piece of calico or linen and spread the composite
material over the fabric with a spreading tool drying as aforesaid and repeat the
process until the desired thickness has been reached then with a straight edge
spreader by hand or by machine whilst the composition is in the soft state level the
material by passing it over the same or have the spread out materials in a shallow
tray or a tray having a shallow ridge running round it of the depth of the material
thickness desired for resting the spreading tool on to produce a smooth surface and
an equal thickness of the materials to be operated on, when dry take off the calico
or linen by wetting it and then repeat the process on the opposite side or spread
the composition thickly over the aforesaid calico or linen by the aforesaid spreading
process or similar process and then place the metal fabric thereon and press it into
the composition then cover the pressed in metal fabric with another layer of the
composition then run the same over as aforesaid with a straight spreader to produce
the surface desired; then place it on one side to dry and when dry cover the
surface over with other calico or linen and pass it through the rollers to consolidate
the metal-lined materials observing that the composition in the thick pasty condition
shrinks by evaporation.
The aforesaid metal-lined materials are stated for uncoloured materials but if two
colours are desired in turning the metal fabric the turned over side may be coated
with a common colour, a flesh colour or a fancy colour or with two fancy, or Gears
patent shaded rubber colours or with a special material marbled, mottled, curved,
streaked, or waved to a greater or less degree of intensity as hereinafter explained.
The last is particularly described for adaptation to the aforesaid composite gum of
gum teeth in the ordinary composition or compositions specially compounded to
resist a greater heat then the ordinary composite materials are expected to bear or
the metal fabric coated with the preliminary coating materials by the dipping
process may be finished as aforesaid with other colours and perfected with a Hesh
or fancy colour as desired.

page_text: I also propose to make of the aforesaid materials blanks or shapes of the upper
and lower jaw to cover the palate and gum of the human mouth and shapes for
mineral gum teeth or for making composite gum teeth in blocks of two, three or
more or in continuous gum for fixing on to a metal frame as aforesaid or any other
description of frame by the ordinary process or with solder superior to tinsmiths'
solder and the aforesaid compositions of various colours in the dissolved state in
sealed bottles or similar vessels ready for coating the aforesaid and hereinafter
mentioned perforated metals and alloys of metals and reticulation wire fabric and
the materials for forming the gum and beautifying the gum of the aforesaid
composite gum teeth.
The metals employed for the aforesaid purposes alone or in combination with the
aforesaid composite materials and for pinning the aforesaid improved grooved teeth
and perforated, diatoric, paste and similar teeth will consist of gold, alloyed gold,
platina and alloyed platina, nickel and alloyed nickel and other precious metals
reduced by the ordinary processes to thin sheet, thick leaf or foil and to wire of
various thickness and when in the very soft state used for pinning teeth and for
being manufactured into a metal fabric by the weaving, meshed, knitted by hand or
machine or for stitching the aforesaid composite materials, crocheted or otherwise
reticulated and formed into a metal fabric for strengthening and increasing the
durability of the aforesaid composite dental materials and for being made into bands
and crocheted or twisted wire covered or coated with the said composite materials
for fixing artificial dentures to the natural teeth in the human mouth and the said
metals gold coated or coated with platina or other precious metals by the calorific
or other processes before being reduced to thin sheet metal or fine wire or after-
wards rolled down to the desired gauge or drawn by the ordinary means to a fine
soft wire of the desired thinness, or coated with gold, platina or other precious
metals after being so reduced to thin metal or fine wire, or gold coated or coated
with platina or other precious metals after being perforated or made into a metal
fabric by the several deposition processes.
To further embellish the composite gums of the aforesaid gum teeth and further
beautify the aforesaid composite materials either in rubber, gutta percha, or
celluloid or similar compositions or combinations of compositions metal lined or
otherwise with a marbled, mottled, curved, streaked or wavy appearance in a
greater or less degree of intensity in a combination of colours, I proceed as
follows.
For marbling or mottling I sprinkle on some clear water in a suitable shallow
vessel or on a sheet of oiled silk or other materials possessing a similar surface the
colours of the composition desired to blend in this way in the order in which it is
desired to lift them off the water. To lift the sprinkled coloured composition 1
touch the sprinkled colours with the materials desired to take them up and when
lifted place the same on one side to dry or drive off the solvents in the colours by
heat in any one of the aforesaid ovens. To realise a surface of blended colours
showing a streaky, wavy or curved appearance in a greater or less degree of
intensity I sprinkle the desired colours as aforesaid with a fine soft hair brush or
similar tool then with a comb like instrument draw the teeth of the comb through
the sprinkled mixed colours in the direction desired and lift the streaked or curved
and blended colours in the way as before described. Or if a curved and waved
appearance of a greater or less degree of intensity is desired this is produced by
slightly tilting the vessel or oiled silk resting on a hard substance or other material
having the streaked colours thereon in the direction desired then lift the streaked
or curved blended colours as aforesaid or evaporate the solvents with heat or leave
to dry or lift the colours with a piece of dry linen or calico and dry from the cold
or with heat; the material taken up with the calico or linen will leave the calico or
linen after being wetted. Or the colours designed to be blended may be sprinkled
on a sheet of the aforesaid composite materials then streaked and curved as aforesaid
and left to dry and in this manner may be used for forming the gum of the aforesaid
composite gum teeth. Or the colours desired to be blended in the curved state

page_text: may be sprinkled as aforesaid and set to a greater or less degree of intensity and
when the solvents have somewhat evaporated the sprinkled composition may be
combed with a comb having the teeth so adjusted as to follow the average widths of
sets of teeth either in six, eight, fourteen or sixteen, or for blocks of 2, 3, or more
teeth and when dry the materials may if desired be cut into strips along the
streaked lines in readiness for forming the artificial gum for composite gum teeth in
blocks, in sets or in odd teeth as aforesaid, perfecting the union of the blocks or odd
teeth and the further appearance of the surface of materials by pressure in a mould
in or apart from the vulcaniser.
The aforesaid proposed suction chamber for an entire case of dentistry, but,
chiefly for the upper jaw is formed as hereinafter described by means of an improved
pattern disc Q, Fig. 22, made of sheet metal such as pure tin or aluminium or
alloyed aluminium, in various thicknesses cut with a pair of shears or with a punch
to the desired shape-pear shape being preferred for the upper jaw, and oblong for
the lower jaw-I then bevel the edge of the side of the blank disc and place it
into a groove made of wood or metal of a suitable width having sides standing up
considerably above the thickness of the metal disc blank and having a slit about
the sixteenth of an inch wide cut straight across the sides down to the bottom of
the groove and other slits of a similar width cut to the same depth but at an angle
inclined either in the outward or the inward direction. Then with a slotting file
cut only on each edge and of the same thickness as the aforesaid slits I file a
straight down central flute or slit, S, across the said blank disc almost through,
then on each side of the central flute, S, cut one or more flutes, S¹ at the aforesaid
angle inclined either outwards or inwards and to a similar depthi as the centre
flute or slit, S. Or to flute the blank disc I use a fine tooth saw blade in a frame
or handle or flute the disc by other similar means. I then smoothen the edges if
needed and the disc is then ready for being soaped with a thick soap solution or
other solution to enable the disc to be withdrawn in a whole or in two parts from
the composite materials after the suction chamber has been formed. The suction
chamber may be formed by means of the fluted disc in dental frames of ordinary
vulcanite by the ordinary methods known to dentists and when employing the
materials embraced by my patented inventions "Leadbetter 25710" including the
herein before mentioned materials as follows: When ordinary metal-lined materials
are used the flutes and fluted disc surface may be packed and covered with the
materials and when in this condition treated in the ordinary way or the disc may be
covered with the metal-lined plate or shape for the dental frame and vulcanised with
it in the same manner as is ordinarily done, leaving the surface rubber to fill up the
flutes in the disc during the vulcanising. After the materials are vulcanised, the
disc, Q, is taken out leaving a suction chamber. of corresponding improved shape
in the frame or case of dentistry. It is claimed that a suction chamber formed by
means of the aforesaid type of disc possesses advantages over other suction
chambers now in use and is less liable to influence the palate and gum of the human
mouth.
I would here observe that I am aware that certain kinds of artificial teeth have
heretofore been provided with a V groove and also with a dovetailed groove but
none of these possesses all the essentials as those herein before described so as to be
capable of being used for plate and composition dental work.
It will be apparent on examining Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 11ª
of the accompanying drawings that the teeth they represent and similar teeth may
by means of the pins and plugs shown by Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 be
combined with the aforesaid, rubber compositions, gutta percha compositions,
celluloid compositions, or combinations of the same manufactured by means of the
appliances represented by Figures 18, 19, 20, and 21 with or without the addition
of the aforesaid heat proofing ingredients and with or without being strengthened
with perforating or punctured thin sheet metal or with reticulated wire fabric manu-
factured by hand or machine by weaving, meshing, knitting, crocheting, stitching,
platting or other processes with greater economy and despatch than is at present

page_text: attainable for constructing or repairing artificial dentures with netal or composition
frames to fit and adhere to the palate and gum of the human mouth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
:―
(1) The improvements in artificial teeth and in substances and appliances used
for mounting and framing the same substantially as hereintofore described.
(2) Artificial mineral teeth having flat, round, or other back with straight or
V shaped dovetailed groove extending partly or entirely down or up said back and
with or without a tongue to the groove and having a transverse perforation as
represented in the drawings passing clear through the tooth substance across the
groove, substantially as herein before described.
(3) The combination of artificial mineral teeth made as specified in the preceding
claim, with metal pins sprung into the perforations inside the groove of the tooth
or teeth in the form of a loop having the ends bent outwards to fill the perforations
and with the grooves temporarily plugged up with impression composition or similar
compound, to be replaced with heat proof permanent cements or other materials
when required substantially as hereinbefore described.
(4) The combination of artificial mineral teeth made as specified in Claim (2)
with plugs as represented in Figure 16 and 17 composed of vulcanised or
unvulcanised ordinary, dental rubber, dental gutta percha, dental celluloid, ordinary
metal-lined dental rubber, ordinary metallined dental gutta percha, ordinary
metal-lined dental celluloid, pinned with looped pins represented by Figure 12
and 13 which may be afterwards cut if desired or of metal-lined materials provided
if preferred with pins represented by Figure 14 substantially as hereinbefore
described.
(5) The combination of artificial mineral teeth made as specified in Claim (2)
with plugs as represented by Figure 16 and 17 composed of vulcanised or
unvulcanised dental rubber, dental gutta percha, dental celluloid all metal-lined or
otherwise manufactured with the additions of ingredients to resist a greater heat
than the ordinary aforesaid materials and pinned to the teeth substantially as
herein before described.
"
(6) The combination of artificial mineral teeth made as specified in Claim (2)
with plugs as represented by Figure 16 and 17 composed of dental metal coated
with gold platina or other precious metals by the known and Leadbetter 265690
patented processes provided with pins being hard or soft soldered to the plug and
tightly fitted with cement heat proofed or otherwise and pinned laterally with pins
as represented by Figure 15 substantially as hereinbefore described.
(7) The conversion of an ordinary diatoric, perforated paste and similar teeth to
a grooved tooth having a transverse perforation passing clear through the composite
substance across the groove as represented by the Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10.
substantially as hereinbefore described.
(8) The conversion of ordinary diatoric, perforated paste and similar teeth into
teeth having a solid or a flat, round or other back with a dovetailed straight or
V shaped groove both with or without a tongue to the groove and having a
transverse perforation as represented in the drawings passing clear through the
composite substance across the grooves of grooved teeth or pinned with metal pins
sprung in the perforations of the tooth cemented in or otherwise with heat proofed
cement or materials or the pins sprung in the perforations in the composite grooves
temporarily plugged in with common compounds to be replaced with other
permanent materials substantially as hereinbefore described.
(9) The conversion of ordinary diatoric, perforated, paste and similar teeth to
grooved teeth and their combination with plugs as represented in Figure 16 and 17
composed of vulcanised or unvulcanised ordinary dental rubber, gutta percha,
celluloid and the same materials metal-lined and the same materials heat proofed to
resist a greater heat than the ordinary materials pinned with looped pins

page_text: represented by Figure 12 and 13 the loop being afterwards cut if desired, or
metal lined materials provided if preferred with pins represented by Figure 14
substantially as hereinbefore described.
(10) The conversion of ordinary diatoric, perforated, paste and similar teeth to
grooved teeth and their combination with plugs as represented by Figure 16 and 17
composed of dental metal coated with gold, platina or other precious metals by the
known and by "Leadbetter 265600" patented processes pinned with pins being hard
or soft soldered to the plug and tightly fitted into the tooth or teeth with cement
heat proofed or otherwise and pinned laterally with pins as represented by Figure 15,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
(11) The pins and plugs as represented by the Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
substantially as hereinbefore described.
(12) The metal wire fabric made by hand or machine meshed, knitted, crocheted,
platted or stitched substantially as hereinbefore described.
(13) The cements heat proofed or otherwise for fixing the plugs and the pins in
the tooth or teeth substantially as hereinbefore described.
(14) The improved manufacture from the raw materials of the substances known
as dental rubbers, dental gutta percha, and dental celluloid substantially as herein-
before described.
(15) The improved manufacture from the raw materials and from the manu-
factured commercial materials of substances known as dental rubbers, dental gutta
percha, and dental celluloid capable of resisting a greater heat than the ordinary
dental substances for framing and backing artificial teeth substantially as herein-
before described.
(16) The manufacture from the raw materials and from the manufactured
commercial materials the substance known as dental rubbers, dental gutta percha,
dental celluloid heat proof or otherwise combined with perforated metal plate, or
punctured metal plate or wire woven, meshed, knitted, crocheted, stitched, platted
or otherwise reticulated and formed metal fabric for the purposes of strengthening
and increasing the durability of the said dental rubber, dental gutta percha, dental
celluloid, substantially as hereinbefore described.
(17) The improved manufacture of metal lined rubber, gutta percha, celluloid, of
the required shapes and sizes to suit the average shape and form of the gums and
palate of the human mouth and coated with dental substances plainly flesh
coloured, marbled, mottled, streaked, curved and waved to a greater or less degree
of intensity to suit the average sizes and widths of sets of teeth substantially as
hereinbefore described.
(18) The manufacture with the improved dental herein before described
substances of blocks of 2, 3, or more gum teeth or continuous blocks of gum
teeth substantially as hereinbefore described.
(19) The manufacture of improved dental substances, marbled, mottled, streaked,
curved and waved to a greater or less degree of intensity for beautifying the palate
and gums and gum of composite gum teeth substantially as hereinbefore described.
(20) The manufacture of an improved disc for forming a suction chamber in
cases of dentistry to fit the upper and lower jaw of the human mouth substantially
as herein before described.
(21) The construction or arrangement of the heating ovens or appliances sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 18, 19, 20, and 21 of
the drawings and kindred appliances.
Dated this 29th day of August 1891.
CHARLES SAMUEL LEADBETTER.