Improvements in Mortising Machines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 14th June, 1898-Accepted, 30th July, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mortising Machines.
I, WALTER BLACK, of Blue Island, Cook County, Illinois, United States of
America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement : —
The object of my invention is to provide a simple, economical and efficient
mortising machine; and the invention consists in the features, combinations and
details of construction hereinafter described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1. is a plan view of a machine con-
structed in accordance with my improvements looking at it from the top; Fig. 2
a vertical sectional elevation of a portion of the machine and clamp looking at
it from line 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a plan view of the supporting bracket looking
at it from line 3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 a plan view of the clamping device and
operating lever looking at it from line 4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 a vertical sectional
elevation taken on line 5 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 an enlarged vertical sectional elevation
taken on line 6 of Fig. 4; Fig. 7 an enlarged plan view of the cutters as they
appear when removed from the machine and laid in an operative position; Fig. 8
a cross-sectional view taken on line 8 of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 a plan view of the lower
side of one of the reciprocating cutters; and Fig. 10 a side view of one of the
reciprocating cutters.
In the art to which this invention relates, it
well known that the forming
of a rectangular recess, or what is known as a square hole in a piece of wood,
plank or similar object; is very difficult and expensive, and that a large number
of machines have been designed, some of which have been patented, for the pur-
pose of making such a recess. There are various objections existing in this class
of machines, either because of the reason that the bottom of the recess is not
substantially square with its side walls, or that some preliminary steps must be
taken before the piece can be operated on. My invention is intended to remove
these objections by providing a simple, economical and efficient machine which
is capable of boring, in the true sense of the word, a square hole of any desired
length and depth, and forming the bottom portion substantially at right angles
to the side of the end walls of the recess.
In constructing a mortising machine in accordance with my improvements, I
make a main bed A of the desired size, shape and strength to hold the operative
and other parts in position. Upon this bed I mount two reciprocating slides B
and B having racks and engaged by a central oscillating segmental gear C
which is made preferably in the shape of a double segment though this form is
immaterial as it may be made or formed in the shape of a plain spur gear.
In order to cut the mortise in advance of the vibrating cutter I secure to each
of these slides what I term reciprocating cutting chisels D and D¹ in any con-
venient manner but preferably by means of the set screws d, d. These
reciprocating cutting chisels project a considerable distance beyond the slide for

page_text: the purpose of engaging a board or a piece of timber X, as shown particularly in
Fig. 1.
In order to remove the bulk of the stock from the mortise and at the bottom
of the recess,
provide what I term a vibrating or oscillating cutter E which is
provided with double cutting edges e, e. This vibrating or oscillating cutter is
mounted independently in a vibrating or swinging holder G which has a slotted
arm g extending to the rear thereof and engaging with an operating lever H
by means of a bolt h, which lever arm is also connected to the central oscillating
gear. By this arrangement it will be seen that the oscillating movements of the
gear and the reciprocations of the cutting chisels may be sustained in their normal
movements while the vibrations of the oscillating cutter may be adjusted to any
desired movement without in any way interfering with the movements of the other
parts.
In order to operate the cutting mechanisms a main driving shaft I is provided
at one end of the machine having a crank i which is connected to a slide I'
by means of a connecting rod ¹ and which in turn by means of a pitman I² is
connected with the operating lever arm H. The plank or board is held upon
an adjustable bed K by means of the adjustable jaw k. This adjustable bed is
mounted on a vertical dovetail k¹ and its upper portion K¹ is provided with a
slide adapted to be moved by means of a threaded screw which is provided with
a handle.
From the foregoing description of construction and operation it will be scen
that means are provided for cutting a rectangular hole or mortise in a piece of
timber. It will further be noted that the cutters are provided with shank por-
tions D². It is highly desirable when the cutters are moved laterally or sidewise
that they be provided with means or so arranged that they are automatically
adjusted longitudinally and at the same time to provide for the initial cutting of
the material. In order to accomplish this result the shanks of the cutters are
arranged at an angle greater than a right angle or, in other words, an obtuse
angle, and practically parallel with lines Y shown in Fig. 7, which lines are
chords of one half of the extreme arc through which the oscillating cutter may
be swung. It will thus be seen that when the cutters are moved laterally or
sidewise their shanks are so arranged that they provide for the positioning of the
cutters so that they will always act slightly in advance of the oscillating cutter.
This is quite an advantage in that it provides for the running of the machines
by comparatively inexperienced or ordinary help for the reason that the machine
can be adjusted practically by unskilled help and the usual final adjustment such
as providing for the initial lead is obtained automatically.
It is also desirable that a provision be made for withdrawing the chips, shavings
and the like from the mortise so as to prevent clogging or interfering with the
operation of the machine. In order to produce this result I make the bed of
the cutters substantially L-shaped in cross-section and they are provided with a
cutting portion 1) and a flank or flange portion which stands substantially at
right angles therewith. This flange portion on its inner side is provided with
a number of rasp-like projections which may be formed in any desirable
manner and which engage with the shavings and withdraw the same from the
cut. The advantage, therefore, of this flank or flange is two-fold: it gives
strength to the cutter and provides means for withdrawing the shavings.
In order to provide room for the operation of this flank or flange without taking
up too much space and permit of the forming of a very narrow mortise the
oscillating cutter is cut away as at e¹ so as to form a rib e² which is in a plane
with the extreme width of the cutting edge. This cutting away permits the flank
or flange of the cutting chisels to pass over the top of the vibrating cutter and
not interfere or be interfered with during its operations.
a
In order to permit the ready insertion and removal of the work I provide
clamp which is constructed in the following manner: a post or pillar L is secured
to the machine in suitable position and provided with an outwardly extending

page_text: bracketed arm. This bracketed arm is provided with a split nut in which a
primary adjustable screw M is inserted carrying a hand wheel m at the upper
portion thereof.
At the lower part of this screw a foot piece or holding plate N is provided
and secured thereto by means of an operating handle O, which operating handle
is loosely pivoted as shown in Fig. 6, on a headed portion m¹ at the lower portion
of the screw.
This operating handle has a screw-threaded opening and the foot
piece has a left hand screw n engaging therewith so that as the handle is operated
in one direction, preferably to the left, the holding plate is raised and work may.
be withdrawn. When the handle is operated to the right the holding. piece is
depressed and the work clamped in position.
It is desirable that the holding plate be prevented from turning during the
operations of the handle and in order to accomplish this result a rod P is pro-
vided and secured to such part and passed through a perforation of the
bracketed arm, as shown particularly in Figs. 2 and 3.
From the foregoing description of construction it will be seen that the
adjustable screw M may be used to bring the shoe into position to clamp
the piece of wood and hold it in that position by means of the set screw B.
The operating handle may then be used as desired, quickly and readily, enabling
the operator to quickly insert or remove the work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-
1. In a machine of the class described, the combination of two reciprocating
slides having racks thereon and arranged to hold projecting cutter portions in
line with their motion, an oscillating gear portion mounted between the same
and engaging with the racks on the slide to impart the desired reciprocating
motion, a pivotal tool-holder mounted independently and adjacent to the oscil-
lating gear and provided with an extending arm portion such holder being
arranged to vibrate a cutter, and means for securing the vibrating cutter holder
portion to the gear portion whereby the desired proportional motions are given
such parts, substantially as described.
2. In a machine of the class described, the combination of two reciprocating
slides having racks thereon and arranged to hold projecting cutter portions in
line with their motion, an oscillating gear portion mounted between the same
and engaging with the racks on the slide. to impart the desired reciprocating
motion, a pivotal tool holder mounted independently and adjacent to the oscil-
lating gear and provided with an extending arm portion such holder being
arranged to vibrate a cutter at right angles to the movement of the slides,
means for securing the vibrating cutter holder portion to the gear portion whereby
the desired proportional movements are given to such parts, means for holding
the material, means for adjusting the material to the desired position, and means
for feeding the material holder with the material into contact with the cutters,
substantially as described.
3. In a machine of the class described, the combination of two reciprocating
slides having racks thereon, cutter portions adjustably secured to the rack-slides,
an oscillating gear portion. mounted between the racks and engaging with the
same so as to impart the desired reciprocating motion to the slides, a pivotal
tool holder mounted independently and adjacent to the oscillating gear and pro-
vided with an extending arm portion, such holder being arranged to vibrate a
cutter, and means for adjustably securing the vibrating cutter holder to the gear
portion so as to obtain variable vibratory motions of the vibrating cutter, sub-
stantially as described.
4. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a vibrating or
oscillating cutter and two reciprocating cutting chisels operating at substantially
right angles thereto and having their shanks arranged substantially parallel with

page_text: the chords of the semi-arcs through which the oscillating cutter vibrates, sub-
stantially as described.
5. In a machine of the class described, the combination of an oscillating cutter,
two reciprocating chisels operating substantially at right angles thereto provided
with a cutting stock for removing the stock transversely of the hole and having
such cutting stocks provided with right angular flanges for strengthening the
cutters, substantially as described.
6. In a machine of the class described, the combination of an oscillating cutter
provided with a central longitudinal outwardly projecting rib and a web portion
at right angles thereto extending laterally and below the plane of the rib such
rib being arranged in a plane coincident with the side edge of the cutter, and
two reciprocating cutting chisels operating substantially at right angles to the
movement of the oscillating cutter provided with right angular extending flanges
which lie in a plane substantially with the outer portion of the oscillating cutter,
substantially as described.
7. In combination with a machine of the class described, a reciprocating chisel
provided with a cutting stock for removing the material transversely to the
opening, a shank portion arranged at an obtuse angle with the cutting stock, a
strengthening flange on and arranged at right angles to the cutting stock with
its outer surface parallel or coincident with the outer cutting edge of the stock
and having its inner side provided with a plurality of rasp-like projections, sub-
stantially as described.
8. In a machine of the class described, a clamping device composed of a primary
adjusting screw, an operating handle or lever pivotally connected therewith, and
a holding plate or similar element in threaded engagement with such operating
handle, substantially as described.
9. In a machine of the class described, a clamping device composed of a primary
adjusting screw provided with a hand wheel at the upper portion thereof, an
operating lever handle pivotally connected to the adjusting screw at the lower
portion thereof, a holding plate, and a second screw on the holding plate oppo-
sitely threaded and in engagement with such operating lever handle, substantially
as described.
10. In a machine of the class described, a clamping device composed of a primary
adjusting screw provided with a hand wheel at the upper portion thereof, an
operating lever handle pivotally connected to the adjusting screw at the lower
portion thereof, a holding plate, a second screw on such holding plate oppositely
threaded in engagement with such operating lever handle, and means to prevent
the holding plate from rotating, substantially as described.
11. In a machine of the class described, a clamping device composed of a primary
adjusting screw provided with a hand wheel at the upper portion thereof, an
operating lever handle pivotally connected with the primary adjusting screw at
the lower portion thereof, a holding plate, a second screw on such holding
plate oppositely threaded in engagement with a threaded opening in the operating
lever handle, a bracketed arm provided with a split nut in which the primary
adjusting screw is mounted, means for securing such bracketed arm to the bed
of the machine, and a rod secured to the holding plate and passed through the
bracketed arm to prevent the rotation of the holding plate, substantially as
described.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.