AN IMPROVED BOILER FOR SUPPLYING HOT WATER FOR DOMESTIC AND CULINARY PURPOSES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SUPPLYING HOT WATER TO PIPES FOR HEATING BUILDINGS, HOTHOUSES, And OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Gent, of New Brighton, in the County of
Chester, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED BOILER FOR SUPPLYING
HOT WATER FOR DOMESTIC AND CULINARY PURPOSES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
SUPPLYING HOT WATER TO PIPES FOR HEATING BUILDINGS, HOTHOUSES, And
OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES."
Sealed the 18th May 1872, and dated the 22nd November 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Gent at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
November 1871.
I, PETER GENT, of New Brighton, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BOILER FOR
SUPPLYING HOT WATER FOR DOMESTIC AND CULINARY PURPOSES, ALSO APPLICABLE
FOR SUPPLYING HOT WATER TO PIPES FOR HEATING BUILDINGS, HOTHOUSES, AND
OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
A boiler constructed according to my Invention consists of a con-
tinuous oblong, spiral, or helical metal tube, one end of which tube is
connected to an oblong metal pan reaching the whole length over the
tube; the other end of the spiral or helical oblong tube is connected
with an oblong metal pan reaching the whole length of the tube,

page_text: and placed under the tube, and sufficient distance below the tube to
permit of atmospheric gas burners or fire-bars. The lower pan or
basin is connected by a pipe to a tank or reservoir situated above the
boiler, which tank or reservoir is supplied with water by a cock and
ball. The upper oblong pan over the tube is also connected to the tank
or reservoir by means of a pipe which opens on the top or surface of the
water in the tank or reservoir. The boiler, consisting of the oblong,
spiral, or helical metal tube and the two pans above and below the tube,
together with the gas burners or fire-bars, are fitted into a case of terra
cotta, fire-brick, clay, or earthenware, which is made of oblong shape and
has a dome cover fitting over the upper pan, and a ribbed bottom for
the under pan to rest upon. The dome cover is distinct from the case
and can be removed at option. The case may be moulded in one piece
or composed of separate bricks or tiles cemented together. The upper
pan rests on a grooved ledge formed in the terra cotta or other earthen-
ware case. The earthenware case is about a quarter of an inch clear of
the tube and pans to allow of the heat circulating freely.
using gas for the heating medium there are three holes or apertures at
the bottom of the case, admitting what are known as atmospheric gas
burners, which burners come between the lower pan and the tube. In
some cases the lower pan may be dispensed with and the feed led direct
into the spiral tube; the case may also be fitted with doors and furnace
under the tube to burn coal or coke in lieu of gas, but it is preferred to
use gas, as it will be found more clean and economical. The top of the
terra cotta or other earthenware case is fitted with a flange on to which
fits a second terra cotta or earthenware case surrounding the supply
tank or reservoir, which it is preferred should be directly over the boiler.
The heat is admitted into the case surrounding the tank and reservoir by
The
means of holes in the dome cover of the lower or boiler case.
upper oblong pan over the spiral or helical tube is fitted with a cock for
drawing off water for use.
In the case of
In the case of the boiler being used for supplying hot water for

page_text: The action of the boiler may be thus enumerated:-The feed being
led into the lower oblong pan, the water flows from the lower pan
through the spiral or helical tube into the upper pan, from whence it is
drawn off by means of a suitable cock; the heat generated from the gas
burners or furnace between the lower pan and the spiral or helical tube
circulates all through the earthenware case that is round the spiral or
helical tube and round the lower pan and round the upper pan, the
waste heat being utilized by passing into the casing enclosing the supply
tank or reservoir, and thus in part heating the feed water..
My improved boiler as herein-before described is adapted for use for
culinary purposes, in adjunct with my improved portable gas oven for
culinary purposes for which I have obtained provisional protection
bearing date the Ninth day of November 1871, and numbered 3023. In
the case of the boiler being thus used, the terra cotta or earthenware
case may be fitted with castors or wheels, the gas and water being
supplied by flexible tubes, or the boiler may be fitted or placed on the
top of the oven.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Gent in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd May 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
GENT, of New Brighton, in the County of Chester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in
the thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Gent, Her special
licence that I, the said Peter Gent, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Gent, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED BOILER FOR SUPPLYING
HOT WATER FOR DOMESTIC AND CULINARY PURPOSES, ALSO
SUPPLYING HOT WATER TO PIPES FOR HEATING BUILDINGS, HOTHOUSES, AND OTHER
APPLICABLE FOR

page_text: SIMILAR STRUCTURES,” upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the
said Peter Gent, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Gent, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
A boiler constructed according to my Invention consists of a continuous
oblong spiral or helical metal tube, one end of which tube is connected to
a metal pan or boiler placed over the tube. The other end of the spiral
or helical tube is connected with a metal pan placed under the tube, or
the tube leads into a supply cistern. Between the pan and the tube I
place atmospheric gas burners or fire-bars. When the pan is not used the
burners are still kept in the same position under the tube, also when the
pan is dispensed with, the spiral or helical tube is connected by a pipe to
a tank or reservoir situated above the boiler, which tank or reservoir is
supplied with water by a cock and ball arrangement. The upper pan or
boiler over the tube is also connected to the tank or reservoir by means
of a pipe which opens on to the surface of the water in the tank or
reservoir. The whole boiler, consisting of the spiral or helical metal
tube, and the pan or pans above and below the tube, together with the
gas burners or fire-bars are fitted into a case of terra cotta, fire-brick,
clay, or other earthenware, which is made of such shape as to cover the
whole boiler. The case may be moulded in one piece for small boilers, or
composed of separate bricks or tiles built up and cemented together for
larger boilers. The pans and tube may be supported by ledges built on
the earthenware or by iron stays from side to side of the case. The
earthenware case is clear of the tube and boiler to allow of the heat
circulating freely. There are holes or apertures at the bottom of the
case in front, admitting what are known as atmospheric gas burners,
which burners lie on the bottom of the terra cotta case and under the
spiral or helical tube.
The supply tank or reservoir I prefer should be
directly over the boiler.
This tank or reservoir is built round with a terra

page_text: cotta or earthenware case. The waste heat from the boiler is admitted
into this case by means of holes or perforations in the cover of the lower
or boiler case. The pipe connecting the upper boiler to the tank or
reservoir is fitted with a cock for drawing off water for use. A cock is
also fitted to the tank or reservoir, for in some instances when the
water is very hot and steam being generated the water will not draw
off freely from the ascending pipe, and must therefore be drawn from
the tank.
In the case of the boiler being used for supplying hot water for
heating buildings, hot houses, or other structures, the reservoir or tank
may be dispensed with, and the circulating pipes be led from the upper
boiler and the spiral or helical tube respectively, the boiler being fed by
means of open troughs in the circulating pipes, or the pipes may be
connected with a closed separate tank or reservoir.
In some instances I fit over the boiler and tank case what is known
as a Banbury, or steamer. In this case I prefer to place a second boiler,
which I term the steam generator, above the top pan or boiler, and
connected thereto. This steam generator I place on the same level and
in the same earthenware case as the tank or reservoir. From this steam
generator pipes are led to supply steam to the Banbury, and to prevent
condensation the Banbury may be lagged with felt or other suitable
material.
I also adapt this boiler to use with my improved portable gas oven for
culinary purposes for which I have obtained Letters Patent bearing date
the 9th day of November 1871, and numbered 3023. In the case of
the boiler being thus used, the terra cotta or earthenware case may be
placed in connexion with the oven, or the boiler may be placed in the
oven itself, and under the shelves thereof, the tank or reservoir being on
the top of the oven, as will be herein-after described.
The tank or reservoir I prefer should be of double construction,
namely, one part to supply the circulating water for the boiler and to
contain the heated water, the other part to be supplied with cold water
by an ordinary ball and cock or filled by hand. These two reservoirs are
connected together by means of a pipe and non-return valve, allowing
the cold water to supply the loss in the hot water tank.
In order that the nature and action of the boiler may be more readily
seen and understood, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings

page_text: illustrative thereof, that will enable any mechanic to carry the same into
practical effect. Like letters marked on the Drawings are used to
denote similar parts throughout the various Figures.
Figure 1 is a sectional end elevation of a boiler constructed according
to my Invention; Figure 2 is a side sectional elevation of same; Figure 3
is a sectional plan of same%3B Figure 4 is an end section of boiler fitted
with steam generator and Banbury; Figure 5 is a side sectional elevation
of same, and Figure 6 is a plan of same; Figure 7 is an end section of
boiler fitted to my improved gas oven, and Figure 8 is a side sectional
elevation of same; Figures 9 and 10 are burners suitable to use to heat
my boiler.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10 are drawn to the scale of three inches to
the foot. Figures 4, 5, 6, and 8 are drawn to the scale of one and a half
inch to the foot.
A, spiral or helical tube which is connected to the pan or boiler B by
any suitable coupling; C, pipe through which the hot water ascends
from the boiler B to the tank or reservoir D; E, return or supply pipe
from the tank D to the spiral or helical tube A; F, gas burner under
the tube A; F, auxilliary burners to be used when extra heat is required.
The whole boiler is encased by terra cotta or earthenware slabs G, held
together by the iron castings H. The tank or reservoir is fitted with a
terra cotta or earthenware case I. Air is supplied to the under case by
the perforations J, and to the upper case by the perforations J¹. K is a
pipe connected to the pipe C, and having a draw off cock L at its other
end. In some instances an additional draw off cock may be placed on
any suitable part of the tank D. The tank D is supplied with water
from the cold water tank M, which is kept as far from the heat as
possible. In some instances an air space is left between the two tanks
(see M¹, Figures 6 and 7). The tank Mis kept supplied with water from
the main by an ordinary ball and cock arrangement, and feeds the tank
D up to the same level through the pipe N, which is fitted with a non-
return valve N¹. Figures 4 and 5 show the pipe A in a double spiral
coil and the boiler B connected with a steamer O. This steamer O is on
the same level as the tank D, the water being also on the same level, the
space above the water acting as a steam chest. The steam generator O:
is connected with the tank D by means of the pipe and non-return valve
O¹ (Figure 5). P is a Banbury or steamer which may be of any ordinary

page_text: Secondly. The boiler as described fitted with steam generator O to
supply steam to a Banbury, substantially as shown at Figures 4, 5,
and 6.
Thirdly. The boiler as described fitted in connexion with an oven,
substantially in the manner as shown at Figures 7 and 8.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Gent, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
FREDERICK J. CHEESBROUGH,
of 15, Water Street,
Liverpool.
PETER (L.S.) GENT.