IMPROVE- MENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND FOR. RAISING WATER
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of
Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND FOR.
RAISING WATER."-A communication from abroad by Louis Coignard,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 11th December 1860, and dated the 25th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Jolinson-
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th June 1860.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North!
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER,
AND FOR RAISING WATER," a communication from abroad by Louis Coignard,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
hydraulic apparatus for obtaining motive power, and for raising water, and
consists, firstly, of certain means for putting into rapid motion or creating a
strong current of water or other more dense liquid, and, secondly, of meanss
for utilizing such current, whereby motive power is produced.

page_text: The apparatus is composed of three distinct elements, namely, first, the
means for applying the initial power, from whatever source such power may
be derived; second, a rotatory pump of any construction, which will, when
actuated by the initial power above referred to, cause the liquid to be put into
rapid motion; third, the hydraulic receiver, which collects this force, and
transmits it to any machine which it is required to put in motion. Although
any pump might be used for putting the liquid into motion, it is preferred to
employ a rotatory pump of a peculiar construction, consisting of two discs,
the one solid and the other open at the centre, the two being united by
radiating partitions. The water or other liquid is drawn in at the centre by
a pipe, and is thrown off at the periphery by the rapid rotatory motion of the
dises. This pump may be placed horizontally or vertically; in the latter case
it may be made double, so as to draw water at each side. Another form of
pump which may be used consists of an Archemedian screw placed inside a
eylinder, and both being capable of turning rapidly. The liquid having been
thns put into motion, so as to form a strong current, is made to act by reaction
as it passes off through a series of curved pipes arranged round the revolving
casing of the rotatory pump (forming a reaction wheel), and the issuing jets
are further made to operate upon a turbine, which revolves in an opposite
direction to the reaction wheel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Jonn
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and

page_text: lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER, AND FOR RAISING WATER," a communication from abroad by Lonis
Coignard, of Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
hydraulic apparatus for obtaining motive power, and for raising water, and
consists, firstly, of certain means for putting into rapid motion or creating a
strong current in water or other more dense liquid, and, secondly, of means
for utilizing such current whereby motive power is produced.
The apparatus is composed of three distinct elements, namely, first, the
means for applying the initial power from whatever source such power may
be derived; second, a rotatory pump of any construction which will, when
actuated by the initial power above referred to, cause the liquid to be put
into rapid motion; third, the hydraulic receiver which collects this force, and
transmits it to any machine which it is required to put in motion. Although
any pump might be used for putting the liquid into motion, it is preferred to
employ a rotatory pump of peculiar construction, consisting of two discs, the
one solid, and the other open at the centre, the two being united by radiating
partitions. The water or other liquid is drawn in at the centre by a pipe, and
is thrown off at the periphery by the rapid rotatory motion of the discs. This
pump may be placed horizontally or vertically; in the latter case it may be
made double, so as to draw water at each side. Another form of pump which
may be used consists of one Archemedian screw placed inside the cylinder, and
both being capable of turning rapidly. The liquid having been thus put into
motion, so as to form a strong current, it is made to act by reaction, as it
passes off through a series of curved pipes arranged round the revolving
casing of the rotatory pump forming a reaction wheel, and the issuing jets'

page_text: direction to the reaction wheel.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings represent respectively a vertical and
horizontal section of a pump A, combined with the hydraulic motor. The
pump consists of a circular space or chamber subdivided by the radial par-
titions or diaphragms a, which may extend as far as the periphery b, or
be stopped at an intermediate point before reaching the circumference.
Openings c are left between these partitions through which the water oscapes.
The pump A is. mounted by the aid of the disc d upon the central shaft c,
which is rotated by the action of toothed gearing, a driving strap and pulley,
or other mechanical appliance, or it may be rotated by the action of the
hydraulic motor itself. If the pump is worked above the level of the fluid it
requires to be filled or charged with water before starting it, but when it is:
placed in the water itsolf it is always ready to start. On commencing to.
rotate, it draws in the water through the central passage F, and this water on
arriving at the centre of the pump passes along the spaces between the several
partitions a, and by the action of the centrifugal force is discharged through
the orifices at e, e, at the circumference of the pump. This water is here.
collected in the annular envelope or casing D, which is provided with escape
apertures and curved pipes S..
Figure 3. represents an arrangement wherein the pump A and hydraulic
motor D work vertically. The pump is here divided into two equal and
symetrical parts by a central partition or diaphragm c, and draws in the water
at the centre at each side.
Figure 4 represents two pumps,. consisting of two helices g, mounted on the
same shaft h, driven by the pulley i. The helices 9 are each enclosed in a
cylinder m, which is rotated through the pulley n and spindle p, the helices g
and cylinders m rotating in opposite directions. Each helice and cylinder
is contained within a pipe or conduit q, into one end of which the water is.
drawn, whilst it is expelled through the opposite end. If desired, the rotatory
motion of the helice or of the cylinder may be arrested, in which case the
belice will revolve in a stationary cylinder, or the cylinder will rotate round a
stationary helice. The water or other liquid being thus set in motion by
means of one or other of the pumps above described, or by any other suitable.

page_text: mechanical contrivance, it operates by reaction upon the curved pipes S
(Figures 1 and 2). On leaving the pipes S, which it does with considerable
force, the water is received into a turbine wheel t, which utilises the "vis
viva" of the several issuing jets, by receiving them on a series of reversed
curved surfaces, so that the turbine will rotate in a contrary direction to the
reaction wheel.
a
The red lines in Figure 1 shew the arrangement of the curved pipes S,
of the reaction wheel, and also of the reverse curved vanes of the turbine t.
The toothed wheels V, W, (Figures 1 and 2,) may be so arranged that the
one V will receive the power of the reaction wheel, whilst the corresponding
wheel W receives the power of the turbine. In cases where a stream or
current of water is obtainable, it may be introduced directly into the reaction
wheel, whence it passes into the turbine; but it will be found more advan-
tageous to employ such stream or current as an initial force in imparting
strong current or "vis viva" to the water, as herein-before described, by
driving a rotatory pump or other suitable apparatus. It is obvious that the
same water may be used over again in a continuous manner, the entire
apparatus being contained in that case within a tank, from which the pump
draws the water, and into which it is again discharged from the turbine, to be
again pumped up and utilised in the reaction wheel and turbine. The entire
apparatus may, moreover, be worked entirely immersed, and either enclosed in
a cistern, or contained in any indefinite expanse of water. It will thus be
seen that three distinct effects are produced; the developement of the vis
viva, the utilization of this force by reaction, and, finally, the complete
absorption of the vis viva of the liquid. The partitions or diaphragms a
of the pump may be curvelinear (see Figures 5 and 6), in lieu of radiating, as
in Figures 1 and 2.
In order that the outlets of the water at the circumference of the pump
may be sufficiently large, it is proposed to impart the upper and lower discs
of the pump a dished or concave section, as shewn in Figures 6 and 7, so that
they gradually recede from each other from the centre towards the circum-
ference. When the pump is immersed, which is preferable in all cases, and
when the depth of water is slight, it is found advantageous to draw in the
water by one or more pipes at the top of the pump, as shewn at A, Figure 8.
This pump may be used alone in the propelling of vessels, or in combination
with the rest of the apparatus, the whole forming a complete hydraulic motor
applicable to the driving of paddle wheels and screw propellers, or other
propelling mechanism as a motive power generally.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said

page_text: Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of apparatus
for obtaining motive power, as herein-before described.
Second, the peculiar constructions of pumps herein-before described and
illustrated by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.