IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Denoon Young, of Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Engincer and Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING."
Sealed the 12th December 1853, and dated the 24th October 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Denoon
Young at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th October 1853.
I, JAMES DENOON YOUNG, of Westminster, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING" to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to all descriptions of casting in which the
metal or other substance to be cast is previously fused or melted
for the purpose of being cast or run in any required condition or form,
and consists in a particular mode or modes of applying hot and cold
water and steam or vapour to the moulds or patterns used in such
casting, for the purpose of preserving them from becoming red hot,
warped, or fused by the melted metal or other substance run into or

page_text: upon them, and also to improve the quality or texture of the substance
after it has been cast into the required form.
The moulds or patterns are fixed or placed in or upon a tank or
other vessel, which is filled or partially filled with hot water and steam
or vapour, or with steam or vapour only, and I introduce into the said
tank or vessel cold water, or water of a lower temperature than that
which was originally contained in the tank or vessel, for the purpose of
condensing the steam or vapour and, cooling the water. therein, and
thereby chilling and hardening the substances that have been cast or
run; and I also use cold water only in the said tank or vessel, and
when necessary introduce a further supply of cold water for the pur-
pose of chilling and hardening to a higher degree the substances that
have been cast. And I also introduce hot or cold water, or hot water
and steam or vapour,-or-steam-or vapour-only; into, round, or outside
the cores, moulds, or patterns, which are necessary for.producing.either.
hollows or reliefs in the castings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Denoon Young in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 24th April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JAMES DENOON YOUNG, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Denoon Young, Her
special license that I, the said James Denoon Young, ny executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Denoon Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of

page_text: Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Denoon Young, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the late of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Denoon Young, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say):
My Invention of "improvements in casting" relates to all descrip-
tions of casting in which the metal or other substance to be cast is
previously fused or melted by the application of heat for the purpose
of being run in any required condition or form, but is peculiarly
applicable to pipes, columus, and other hollow castings; and consists,
in the first place, with reference to castings not requiring to be chilled
or hardened, in a mode or modes of applying hot water and steam or
vapour to the moulds or patterns, and in some cases to the cores used
in such casting, in order to preserve them from becoming red hot,
warped, or fused by the melted metal or other substance run into or
upon them, and also to improve the quality or texture of such sub-
stance when cast into the required form, by preventing the chilling or
hardening thereof while in the moulds. And my Invention consists, in
the second place, with reference to castings requiring to be chilled or
hardened, in applying cold water to the moulds or patterns, and in
some cases to the cores used in such casting, for the purpose of chilling
and hardening such castings, as required.
The moulds or patterns are fixed or placed in or upon a tank or
other vessel, into which are introduced, under the first part of my
Invention, hot water and steam or vapour, or steam or vapour only, in
such a manner that the moulds or patterns into which the fused metal

page_text: or other substance is poured or run, may be surrounded by or brought
in contact with a stratum of hot water, steam, or vapour during the
process of casting therein. And, under the second head of my Inven-
tion, cold water is to be introduced in like manner, so as to produce a
constant current of the cooling fluid surrounding the moulds or patterns
In some cases also the hot water or steam or vapour, under the first
part of my Invention, or the cold water, under the second part thereof,
are intended to be introduced into the cores used for producing the
hollow parts of the respective kinds of castings above referred to. In
such cases the cores themselves must be hollow, and have the hot
water or steam or vapour (under the first part of my Invention), or
the cold water (under the second part thereof), introduced into their
interior, and they may be formed or composed of cast or wrought iron,
and, when necessary, covered or coated with suitable moulding sand
or clay.
In order, however, that my Invention may be fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will describe more particularly, by the aid of
the accompanying Drawing, an arrangement suitable for casting pipes,
from which, with the remarks herein-after contained, the mode of
applying my Invention to other kinds of casting will be evident.
Fig. 1, is a vertical section of the mould contained within or
surrounded by a chamber, tank, or vessel for holding water; and Fig. 2,
is a plan or horizontal view of the same. A, is the mould suitable for
casting the body of the pipe, which mould may be of cast iron, and may
consist of two parts put together. B, shews the faucit head of the pipe,
at the top of which the metal is poured into the mould. C, is the
casing of the mould surrounded by water or steam or vapour in the
chamber, tank, or vessel D, which may be of any suitable capacity. E,
is the outer casing of this chamber, tank, or vessel, enclosing the mould.
F, is a cistern for holding a supply of water (taken from a boiler where
hot water is required). G, is a pipe connected with the bottom of the
cistern F, (or it may be connected with the boiler,) through which
water or steam or vapour may be conveyed to the lower part of the
chamber, tank, or vessel D, which may be in two parts, the water or
the steam or vapour being admitted into each part through this pipe

page_text: and the branch pipe G*. H, is a pipe through which, with the branch
or connecting pipe H, the steam and boiling water may be allowed to
escape from the chamber or chambers D into the cistern F.
I would here remark, that the mode of constructing the mould, and
of introducing the water, or water and steam or vapour, or steam or
vapour only, may be varied, so long as the mould be surrounded by a
chamber or chambers in which such fluids or vapours are contained, or
into which they may be introduced, so as to regulate the temperature
round the mould containing the metal or substance required to be cast
or moulded, and thereby (under the first part of my Invention) protect
the mould or pattern from becoming warped or fused, and prevent
the chilling or hardening of the casting, and (under the second part
thereof) produce the chilling or hardening required. And when the
fluids or vapours are required to be introduced into the cores used
in some castings, this may be effected by introducing the hot water
or steam or vapour, under the first part of my Invention, or the cold
water (under the second part thereof), into the interior of the cores
by means of moveable or flexible pipes with suitable connections, but
I do not confine myself to this mode of introducing the same. And
in the case of "open castings," my Invention may be carried into
effect by employing a mould or frame (which may be of cast iron)
placed or fixed over a tank or vessel, into which hot water or steam or
vapour (under the first part of my Invention), or cold water (under the
second part thereof), may be introduced, the fused metal or other sub-
stance being run into or upon the mould or plate or flat surface within
the frame in the usual manner.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I
do not mean or intend to confine myself to the precise forms and
arrangements shewn and described; but what I claim as of my Inven-
tion is, first, the mode described of casting by means of moulds
surrounded with or placed over hot water or steam or vapour, and
also, in some cases, with hollow cores filled with hot water or steam
or vapour, for the purpose of protecting the moulds and cores, and
preventing the chilling or hardening of the castings, as described; and,

page_text: secondly, the mode described of casting by means of moulds, and in
some cases with hollow cores, to which cold water is applied for the
purpose of chilling or hardening the castings, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Denoon Young, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
B. NANCARROW.
JAMES DENOON YOUNG. (L.S.)

page_text: En the Matter of a Patent granted to James Denoon Young,
of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Manufacturer, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING," bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of October, One thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty-three, to which Letters Patent a
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed
to be entered by the Patentee of the said Letters Patent, accord-
ing to the Statute in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS in the Specification filed to the said Letters Patent the
Invention was described to consist in the first place, with reference to
castings not requiring to be chilled or hardened, in a mode or modes
of applying hot water and steam or vapour to the moulds or patterns,
and in some cases to the cores used in such castings; and in the
second place, with reference to castings requiring to be chilled or har-

page_text: dened, in applying cold water to the moulds or patterns, and in some
cases to the cores used in sucli castings.
And whereas since the granting of the said Letters Patent J, the said
James Denoon Young, have discovered that the Invention as described
under the second head, viz, as consisting in applying cold water to the
moulds or patterns, is contained in the Specification of a Patent granted
to Edward Hammond Bentall and James Howard for "Improvements
"in the Mode of Chilling Cast Iron," and bearing date the Twenty-
second day of April, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
For which reason I wish to disclaim, and I do hereby disclaim all
parts of my said Specification which may claim any right or title to the
use of cold water applied to the moulds or patterns, and in some cases
to the cores, as described under the second head of my Invention, with
reference to castings requiring to be chilled or hardened; and I wish
to insert in certain places the word hot before the word water, so as to
exclude the reference to other than hot water in such places, and to
make certain verbal transpositions required to make the sense of the
whole document evident.
And I do hereby declare that my said Specification, when so amended,
will read as follows:-
My Invention of "Improvements in Casting" relates to all descrip-
tions of casting in which the metal or other substance to be cast is
previously fuse or melted by the application of heat for the purpose of
being run in any required condition or form, but is peculiarly applicable
to pipes, columns, and other hollow castings not requiring to be chilled
or hardened, and consists in a mode or modes of applying hot water and
steam or vapour to the moulds or patterns, and in some cases to the
cores used in such casting in order to preserve them from becoming red
hot, warped, or fused by the melted metal or other substance run into
or upon them, and also to improve the quality or texture of such
substance when cast into the required form, by preventing the chilling
or hardening thereof while in the moulds.
The moulds or patterns are fixed or placed in or upon a tank or
other vessel, into which are introduced, under the first part of my
Invention, hot water and steam or vapour, or steam or vapour only, in

page_text: such a manner that the moulds or patterns into which the fused metal
or other substance is poured or run, may be surrounded by or brought
in contact with a stratum of hot water, steam, or yapour during the
process of casting therein.
In some cases also the hot water or steam or vapour are intended
to be introduced into the cores used for producing the hollow parts of
the respective kinds of castings above referred to. In such cases the
cores themselves must be hollow, and have the hot water or steam or
vapour introduced into their interior, and they may be formed or com-
posed of cast or wrought iron, and, when necessary, covered or coated
with suitable moulding sand or clay.
In order, however, that my Invention may be fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will describe more particularly, by the aid
of the accompanying Drawing, an arrangement suitable for casting
pipes, from which, with the remarks licrein-after contained, the mode of
applying my Invention to other kinds of casting will be evident.
Fig. 1, is a vertical section of the mould contained within or
surrounded by a chamber, tank, or vessel for holding hot water; and
Fig. 2, is a plan or horizontal view of the same. A, is the mould
suitable for casting the body of the pipe, which mould may be of
cast iron, and may consist of two parts put together. B, shews the
faucit head of the pipe, at the top of which the metal is poured into the
mould. C, is the casing of the mould, surrounded by hot water or
steam or vapour in the chamber, tank, or vessel D, which may be of
any suitable capacity. E, is the outer casing of this chamber, tank, or
vessel inclosing the mould. F, is a cistern for holding a supply of water
(taken from a boiler where hot water is required). G, is a pipe
connected with the bottom of the cistern F, (or it may be connected
with the boiler), through which hot water or steam or vapour may be
conveyed to the lower part of the chamber, tank, or vessel D, which
may be in two parts, the hot water or the steam or vapour being
admitted into each part through the branch pipe G". H, is a pipe,
through which with the branch or connecting pipe H*, the steam and
boiling water may be allowed to escape from the chamber or chambers
D into the cistern F.

page_text: I would here remark that the mode of constructing the mould, and of
introducing the hot water, or hot water and steam or vapour, or steam
or vapour only, may be varied, so long as the mould be surrounded by a
chamber or chambers in which such fluids or vapours are contained, or
into which they may be introduced, so as to regulate the temperature
round the mould containing the metal or substance required to be cast
or moulded, and thereby protect the mould or pattern from becoming
warped or fused, and prevent the chilling or hardening of the casting.
And when the fluids or vapours are required to be introduced into
the cores used in some castings, this may be effected by introducing the
hot water or steam or vapour into the interior of the cores by means of
moveable or flexible pipes with suitable connections; but I do not
confine myself to this mode of introducing the same. And in the
case of "open castings" my Invention may be carried into effect by
employing a mould or frame. (which may be of cast iron) placed or
fixed over a tank or vessel, into which hot water or steam or vapour
may be introduced, the fused metal or other substance being run
into or upon the mould or plate or flat surface within the frame in the
usual manner.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I
do not mean or intend to confine myself to the precise forms and
arrangements shewn and described; but what I claim as of my Inven-
tion is, the mode described of casting by means of moulds surrounded
with or placed over hot water or steam or vapour, and also, in some
cases, with hollow cores filled with hot water or steam or vapour, for the
purpose of protecting the moulds and cores, and preventing the chilling
or hardening of the castings, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Denoon Young, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and fifty-
ROBERT OSBORNE WINTER,
Witness.
JAMES DENOON YOUNG. (L.S.)

page_text: To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fint giving leave to the above-mentioned James
Denoon Young to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the
Specification to which the same relates, the above written Disclaimer
and Memorandum of Alteration.