IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE AND ARRANGEMENT OF SAWING MACHINERY.
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Exall, of Reading, in the County of Berks,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE AND ARRANGEMENT OF SAWING MACHINERY.".
Sealed the 27th May 1856, and dated the 27th February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Exall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th February 1856.
I, WILLIAM EXALL, of Reading, in the County of Berks, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE AND ARRANGEMENT OF SAWING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to that class of sawing machinery known as "band
or belt saws," that is, a continuous or endless blade working over riggers or
cylinders.
My improvements in the manufacture of band saws consist, firstly, in
heating by blow-pipe lamps or common fires the hoop or ring out of which the
band saw is made, during its passage through rollers or dies, for the purpose of
reducing it to the proper thinness.
Secondly, in giving the blade its proper temper, by continued rolling between
hard rollers, or by repeated drawing through dies.

page_text: Thirdly, in tempering the, hoop in its entire shape, by heating it when
in that shape in a suitable oven, and then plunging it into oil or other suitable
fluid.
My improvements in the arrangement of sawing machinery consists, firstly,
in arranging two or more band saws, to operate on one piece of timber or
material.
Secondly, in arranging band saws to work horizontally, for the purpose of
giving a twist cut to timber whilst suspended, or for cutting stone.
Thirdly, applying a roller or rollers- at the back of the-saw; to prevent
deflection, when the timber or other material is pressed against it; also apply-
ing a roller in front of the saw, to prevent its being drawn out of its proper
course.
Fourthly, the application of revolving brushes to band saws, to keep the
teeth clean.
Fifthly, in the employment of a weighted lever spring, or other suitable
means, to compensate for or counteract any sudden expansion or contraction.of
"band saws, so as to maintain them at the proper tension.
Sixthly, in a peculiar arrangement' of guides or rollers for directing the saws
to work.
Seventhly, in an improved mode of cutting and setting the teeth of band
saws.
Eighthly, arranging band saws, portable, to work by a treadle or hand for
light.work.
: Ninthly, arranging band, saws, portable, for. cutting, up, timber in the forest.
Tenthly, lining the riggers or cylinders over which: the saws run with gutta
percha, or caoutchouc, or a composition, to resist water when working out of
doors in the operation of cutting stone.
*SPECIFICATION' in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters' Patent, filed
by the said William Exall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th August 1856.
i."
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I," WILLIAM
EXALL, of Reading, in the County of Berks, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of February, in the year of' our
"Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto the

page_text: said William Exall, Her special licence that I, the said William Exall, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Exall, my executors, .administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE AND ARRANGEMENT OF SAWING MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Exall, my executors or administrators, by. an
instrument in writing under my or their, or one of their hands and.seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to, be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Exall, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what, manner the same, is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
;
My improvements relate to that class of sawing machinery known as
"band" or "belt" saws, that, is, a continuous or endless blade, working. over
riggers or cylinders, and are set forth and ascertained in and by the following
description thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto, annexed,.and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
My improvements in the manufacture of band saws consist, firstly, in
heating by blow-pipes or lamps the cast or forged hoop or ring out of which
the band saw is to be made, during its passage through rollers or dies, for the
purpose of reducing it to the proper thinness.
Secondly, in giving the blade its proper temper, by continued rolling
between hard rollers, or,by, repeated drawing through dies, as in drawing wire.
Thirdly, tempering the hoop in its entire shape, by heating it when tin
that shape in a suitable oven, and then plunging it into oil or other suitable
fluid.
Figures 1 represents in plan and section the sort of oven I prefer for this
purpose.
a is.a circular hearth, having a fire-place in the centre, and
covered in by a moveable dome c; d, is a light iron frame, upon which the
hoops forming the band saw rest. When the hoops are sufficiently, heated the
dome is removed, and the frame with the hoops is lifted and immersed in
the cooling fluid..

page_text: Figures 2 to 10 represent my improvements in the arrangement of band
saw machinery.
Figure 2 represents a sawing machine, combining several of my improve-
ments. a, a, represent a band saw, working upon two riggers b, b; c and c
are one or two rollers, shown sideways at Figure 3, placed at the back of the
saw, to resist the pressure of the timber against the saw; d, a roller of wood
or other suitable material in front of the saw, to prevent the saw being drawn
off the riggers if the timber should be withdrawn; e is a weighted or spring
lever, carrying at fa nut, through which works an adjusting screw attached to
the bearing of the upper wheel, for the purpose of keeping the saw in regular
tension, should it either expand or contract. The tension may also be regu-
lated by means of a roller g attached to a lever h, pressed by a weight or
spring. i, i, are brushes, made to revolve by friction or otherwise against the
saw, pressing the bristles about the teeth, and clearing away the dust.
Figure 4 represents, in elevation, an arrangement for two band saws, to
operate on one piece of timber. a is one sawing machine, supposed to be
fixed, whilst another machine 6 can be set at any desired distance by means of
a sort of slide rest motion c; the timber d being pressed forward against the
two saws by any of the ordinary means.
Figure 4 represents an arrangement of two or more band saws working
over two cylinders, for the purpose of cutting deals or other similar work.
a, a, a, represent the saws working over the cylinders b, b, and set to their
respective distances apart by rollers c, c, c, c, working in proper guides; d, d, d,
are tension rollers, as described at Figure 2.
Figures 5 represent an arrangement for one or two band saws to work hori-
zontally, for the purpose of easily giving a twist cut to timber whilst sus-
pended, or for more conveniently cutting stone or other materials.
a, a, arc
two band saws; b, the stone or timber, mounted upon an ascending or
descending table, acted upon by a rack or screw in the usual way, or, if
timber, it may be suspended. When a twist cut is required to be given to the
timber, I employ a swivel frame at c, c, carrying two small rollers d, d, which
embrace the saw, as shown separately in Figures 6 and 7, and which can be
made to twist the saw blade to any angle at entering the timber by shifting
the handle e, whereby the saws are directed to the required angle.
Figures 8 represent an arrangement for cutting the teeth of saws. The
blade a passes between two rollers b, b, which tightly embrace it, and carry it
at proper intervals between two dies c, c; through these dies pass the cutters
d, d, fixed in the frame e, and are made to reciprocate by the cams ff; these

page_text: cams are also geared with h, h, and i, all being driven by the band wheel k;
at each revolution of k two teeth are cut by the dies d, d, and set by the
punches 9, 9, and carried forward by the rollers b, b.
:
Figure 9 represents a portable band saw, arranged to be worked by hand or
by a treadle, the larger sorts herein-before described being driven by steam, or
any other suitable power.
Figures 10 and 11 represent an arrangement of portable band saws, for
slabbing or converting timber in the forest; Figure 10 being a side view, and
Figure 11 an end view. a, a, is the general frame, containing one or two
sawing machines b, b, driven by the rigger c. The log d is drawn to the saw
or saws upon ordinary carriages in any convenient method.
My last improvement consists in lining the riggers or cylinders over which
the saws run, with gutta percha, india-rubber, or other similar waterproof
substance to resist moisture, particularly in cutting stone or in out-door work.
Having thus described my Invention, and the manner of carrying the
same into effect, I claim under the 'first branch of my Invention, firstly,
the heating, by the blow-pipe or by lamps, the hoop or ring out of which the
band saw is made, during its passage through dies or rollers, as herein-before
described.
Secondly, giving the blade its proper temper, by continued rolling between
hard rollers or by repeated drawing through dies, as in drawing wire.
Thirdly, tempering the hoop in its entire shape, heating it when in that
shape in a suitable oven, and then plunging it into oil or other suitable fluid;
also the construction of the oven, herein-before described.
I claim, under the second branch of my Invention, firstly, arranging two or
more band saws, to work simultaneously upon one piece of timber or material.
Secondly, arranging two or more saws, working on two cylinders.
Thirdly, arranging band saws to work horizontally.
Fourthly, arranging band saws for a variable twist cut.
Fifthly, applying rollers at the back of the saw to resist the pressure of the
timber, and also applying a roller at the front of the saw.
Sixthly, the self-acting arrangements to allow for the expansion of the saws
at different temperatures, as herein-before described.
Seventhly, application of revolving brushes to band saws.
Eighthly, the mode of cutting and setting teeth of saws, herein-before
described.
Ninthly, the arrangement of a portable band saw, so as to be worked by a
treadle or crank.

page_text: Tenthly, the arrangement of a portable band saw for slabbing and converting
timber.
Eleventhly, lining the riggers for driving band saws, with gutta percha.or
other suitable waterproof substance, to resist moisture.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Exall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our
"Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
'E. C. COLE.
WILLIAM EXALL. (L.S.)