matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DOMESTIC OR OTHER FIRE- PLACES FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSUMING SMOKE AND SAVING FUEL
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fortescue at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1857.
I, JOHN FORTESCUE, of No. 8ª, Charles Street, Middlesex Hospital, in the
County of Middlesex, Baker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DOMESTIC OR OTHER FIRE-
PLACES FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSUMING SMOKE AND SAVING FUEL," to be as
follows:-
In the first place, I provide an auxiliary chimney or flue (at the back
or behind the ordinary fire-place), the aperture leading to which is at the
lower part of the back of the grate. About level with the top of the bars of
the fire-place is a sliding damper, which, when drawn forward, closes the top
of the fire-place and opens the top of the auxiliary chimney or flue at the back
of the fire-place. The opening into the auxiliary chimney or flue at the lower
part of the back of the grate is capable of being regulated according to the
draught, and closed when not required. A blower may be placed in front of
the grate when found necessary. The opening into the auxiliary chimney or
flue at the lower part of the back of the grate is provided at the bottom with
a small grating for the purpose of admitting air when the fire is lighted; the
opening to the ordinary chimney is entirely shut by a damper or trap, as in
the common register stove. The damper is drawn out over the top of

page_text: the grate, thereby opening the top of the auxiliary chimney or flue. The
aperture at the lower part of the back of the grate is also opened; thus
the smoke, is driven over the top of the coals and down back to the opening at
the lower part of the back of the grate, where it is met by the current of air
through the small grating at the bottom of said opening, which causes it to
ignite and be consumed.
Thus far relates to lighting the fire. When the fire is well got up the
register leading to the ordinary chimney is to be opened, and the sliding
damper which opens the top of the grate and closes the top of the auxiliary
chimney is to be pushed back; also the aperture at the lower part of the back
of grate must be closed. The grate is provided with two shifting bottoms
(grids) or feeders. When fresh fuel is required an apparatus raises the
shifting bottom (with the fire) up, and it is held there by a spring; the same
apparatus is then let down and the other shifting bottom or feeder is placed on
it and filled with coals; it is then forced up to the other bottom or grid,
which is then to be drawn out, and allow the live coals to fall on the fresh
ones and ignite them, and the smoke is compelled to pass through the fire and
is consumed, and thereby a great saving in fuel is effected.
AN IMPROVED FORM OF STEAM ENGINE
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fereday at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th November
1857.
I, JOHN FEREDAY, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FORM
OF STEAM ENGINE," to be as follows, that is to say:-
It consists of a wheel mounted upon an axle or shaft, and rotating with or
round the said shaft; the periphery or rim of this said wheel is encased in a
jacket or outer covering, preferably of a figure similar to the rim of the
wheel; in this outer covering or jacket, and at a point forming any angle less
than 90 degrees and more than 30 degrees with the vertical axis of the wheel,
and on each side of the said axis, is an opening or port which I call the steam
port; into these ports the steam pipe from the boiler is fitted around the
inside of the ports; and in the space between the outer surface of the rim of
the wheel and the inner surface of the jacket I place packing all round, so as
to prevent the steam from passing round the wheel, forcing it to act direct
upon that part of the wheel which is immediately under the steam port,
causing it to press upon the rim of the wheel and thus produce rotation in one
direction or the other, according as the steam acts at the right or left hand
port; the same construction being retained if the steam be allowed to pass

page_text: round with the wheel. The eduction ports may be on the under side, symetrical
with the steam ports. The motion generated in the wheel may be transmitted
from the axle in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH- LOADING GUNS AND PISTOLS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Greves at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1857.
I, CHARLES GREVES, of St. Thomas Street, Southwark, Gun Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING GUNS AND PISTOLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of fitting to the end of the barrel a plug or piece of
metal of a conical form, over which the breech of the gun is made to slide and
is held securely by a spring. When the gun is to be used the spring is pressed
by which the barrel is released, and an opening exposed for the reception of
the cartridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FUSEES OF LEVER AND OTHER WATCHES
Year: 1857

page_text: vwv
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Kirkman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1857.
I, ROBERT KIRKMAN, of Saint Helens, in the County of Lancaster, Watch
Movement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FUSEES OF LEVER AND OTHER WATCHES," to be as
follows:-
First, in that part of the fusee called the "top," in place of the brass little
ratchet hitherto used I substitute a steel one.
Secondly, I screw the ratchet fusee brass and cap together in one solid
piece, instead of simply pinning such ratchet to the fusee brass only, (without
being secured to the cap) as always has been hitherto done.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DRIVING THE SPINDLES OF SPINNING FRAMES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st March 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DRIVING THE SPINDLES OF SPINNING
FRAMES," (communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as
follows:-
In spinning frames the spindles are now driven by an endless band passed
round a drum and a wharve on the spindle, but as the band embraces but
about one-third only of the circumference of the drum, slipping frequently takes
place, and consequently irregularity in the performance of the spindles. Now,
to obviate these defects, the present Invention consists in making grooves
round the circumference of the drum, and in carrying an endless belt entirely
round it, and round one, two, three, or any other desired number of pairs
of spindle wharves, one wharve and spindle of each pair being to the left and
the other to the right of the drum. Supposing each endless belt to drive three
pairs of spindles, and that there are five such belts round the same driving
drum, then one drum will drive simultaneously 30 spindles with great regularity
and all at the same speed. The grooves round the drum may be dispensed with,
but then there will be the liability in the endless belts to slip down the drum
and endanger the regularity and proper working of the spindles.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CLEANING IRON AND OTHER METALS AFTER THE MANNER KNOWN AS 'PICKLING
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1857.
I, RICHARD JOHNSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Wire
Drawer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CLEANING IRON AND OTHER METALS AFTER THE MANNER KNOWN AS
'PICKLING, to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to the preservation of iron and other metals from
injury during the process of cleaning, preparatory to drawing, coating with
other metals, or for other purposes; and the principle I proceed upon is to
exclude the materials from the access of atmospheric air during their treatment
with the acids or other substances used for effecting the required object.
To this end I use an air-tight vessel to receive the articles to be operated
upon and the pickle solution, and from this vessel I withdraw the air
contained therein when thought desirable, or I adopt other methods embody-
ing the same principle of exclusion of air from the metallic surfaces.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MAKING SOAP
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th August 1857.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Soap
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MAKING SOAP," to be as follows:-
I take one and one-half pounds of common brown soap, and dissolve it in one
gallon of boiling water. I then take twelve ounces of sal soda and dissolve it
in one quart of boiling water. I then take six ounces of quicklime and slack
it in one gallon of cold water. I run off the clear water from the lime, and
mix it with the sal soda water, and then add the solution of soap first named.
This compound is boiled, and when cool, forms my improved soap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KEGS FOR HOLDING GUNPOWDER AND ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stettinius Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
July 1857. A communication from Wilson, Green, & Wilson, Delaware,
United States of America.
I, WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK, of the American Patent Agency, 133,
High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KEGS FOR HOLDING GUNPOWDER AND
ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE," (a communication,) to be as follows:-
The improvement consists of several devices all uniting in the accomplish-
ment of one object, viz., a perfect vessel for the retaining powder; and with
this view I employ corrugated metal cylinders, so made as to resemble the
ordinary wooden keg, those corrugations giving strength and convenience for
handling. I also employ a brace moulding in addition to the plain head
of the keg; this also gives strength to the perimiter of the head and ends of
the cylinder projecting beyond the heads called the chime, and in an essential
degree contributes to the facility of handling, and by casting the female screw
on a mandrell; and thus by the union of the metal employed we dispense with
soldering a previously formed screw, and avoid the raising of a ring on the
inside of the head. I also form a slot in the head of the screw fitting the
nut, for passing tape under the table, enabling the manufacturer to per-
manently affix his address card thereon, preventing counterfeiting of the
contents by refilling the keg with lower grades of powder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jordan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June 1857.
I, JOHN JORDAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and
Iron Ship Builder, and Surveyor of Iron Ships for the Port of Liverpool,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF IRON SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
This Invention consists in constructing vessels with a water-tight inner
cealing of iron, extending from the upper to the lower deck and connecting
it with a water-tight lower deck of iron, so as to form a perfectly water-tight
chamber within the ribs of the vessel, the hatches being so constructed that
they may be packed and made perfectly water-tight, so that, should the lower
hold become filled with water by accident, the vessel will be sustained by her
buoyancy above the lower deck, and by which arrangement vessels so con-
structed are greatly increased in strength. When this Invention is applied
to large vessels, they are constructed with an inner skin or ceiling of iron, and
having their lower deck formed of iron which is caulked and made water-tight.
And the inner skin or ceiling of the vessel is carried up to the gunwale and
closed upon the top by plates forming a covering board, and which is fastened
to the outer and inner skin by angle or other suitably shaped iron, the whole
being made tight by caulking. The inner skin or vessel, which being rivetted
together forms an inner vessel in one piece with the outer skin or vessel, and

page_text: which inner skin or inner vessel, in large vessels, it is proposed to carry fore
and aft from the fore peak bulkhead to the after peak bulkhead, which are
water-tight as now required by the underwriters" regulations, or it may be
carried fore and aft. If preferred, the iron deck may be carried beyond the
bulksheads. The hatches of the lower deck are constructed so that they may
be securely fastened down and packed so as to be perfectly water-tight, and
the pumps, masts, and so forth, are to be so cased that water cannot enter the
apartment of the vessel through which they pass. When this Invention is
applied to small vessels not requiring between-decks, it is proposed to make
safety compartments capable of floating and sustaining the vessel in case of
accident, by forming the forecastle and cabin into safety compartments by
laying iron water-tight decks joined to the iron water-tight bulkheads, and
securing it to the water-tight inner skin of the vessel and forming the gunwale
of an iron box, thus making as it were life buoys of the cabin, forecastle, and
gunwale.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GAS-CONSUMING FURNACES, AND IN THE AUTOMATIC ACTION OF THE CONTROLING VALVES OR DAMPERS OF THE SAID FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March 1857.
I, JACOB GREEN, of the City of Philadelphia, in the United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GAS-CONSUMING FURNACES, AND IN THE AUTOMATIC ACTION OF THE
CONTROLING VALVES OR DAMPERS OF THE SAID FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The nature of my improvement consists in so regulating and controling the
entrance of a blast from a blowing apparatus in furnaces of steam boilers,
that the introduction of said blast in the quantity or proportion of hot and
cold air, or in the quantity of air thrown into the fire space or under the grate,
may be self-regulating by means of a damper placed at the mouth of the
stack, or in other suitable position.
The following description of the accompanying Drawing will enable
others to more fully comprehend the nature of the Invention:-A repre-
senting an ordinary cylindrical boiler; B, the fire space; D, a hinge valve
hanging from a partition (g), whose movement controls the inlet valve (6)
and (e), placed in the pipes F and G; (d) is the main pipe from the blower
or other blast apparatus; (h) is the grate bars; H is a lever secured on
the shaft (t), on which the main valve D is hung; on the extended end of
H may be placed a shifting weight K; and at the opposite end is a perforated

page_text: bar (n) for operating the valve (b); also a second bar (o) for moving the
valve (e).
What I claim as my Invention is the mode of regulating the admission of
air to furnaces, so that such admission shall be controlled by the furnace
itself by means of lever H and valve D, in connection with the rod (n), and 5
valve (b), and the rod (0), and valve (e), operating substantially in the manner
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Mirio at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th November
1857. A communication from Monsieur Pluchet, of Paris.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE MIRIO, of Paris, in the French Empire, Iron Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in connecting the rails by two short plates or
fishes, secured to the rails by bolts and nuts or screws, or otherwise, and
placing this joint upon or in a notch in a sleeper, and applying a block or
strut of wood or other suitable material on each side of the rails; these blocks
are bevilled at one end, which enters a notch in the sleeper, while the other
end is fitted to the side of the plate or fish. The blocks are fixed to the
sleeper by screws passing through small plates or saddles placed on the blocks.
The heads of the bolts which secure the plates or fishes may lie on each side
of and close to one of the aforesaid blocks, so as to prevent the rails from
moving endways.
A MEANS FOR INCREASING THE TRACTION AND BEARING SURFACE OF CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hamilton Henry Fulton and
Thomas. Bodley Etty at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th June 1857.
We, HAMILTON HENRY FULTON, of 8, Great Queen Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, and THOMAS BODLEY ETTY, of 8, Great Queen
Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention to be "A MEANS FOR INCREASING THE TRACTION AND
BEARING SURFACE OF CARRIAGE WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in applying to the wheels of
carriages an endless chain or band of any flexible material, or metal, or wood,
jointed together in lengths and of a suitable width, which is passed partly
round the peripheries of two or more wheels, which endless chain cr band
would be kept in its place by flanges on the wheels, and would form a way for
the wheels to roll upon, and would consist in coupling two or more carriage
wheels by a connecting rod, cog, chain, band, or friction wheels; but this
coupling does not apply to railway locomotives.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PAPER KNIFE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Goodyear, junior, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1857.
I, CHARLES GOODYEAR, junior, of Leicester Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the naturo of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PAPER KNIFE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine in one instrument a paper knife
and book marker in a more simple way than has heretofore been effected.
Instead of rivetting a projecting tongue to the handle of the knife, I propose
to stamp or cut out a tongue in the handle of the paper knife, which tongue
I reduce in thickness to give it the required elasticity: I prefer to employ
the material known as hard rubber in manufacturing my improved paper
knife, but other substances, such as bone, ivory, horn, hard woods, &c., may be
used if thought desirable. The hard rubber reduced to sheets or strips of
suitable thickness I soften by the application of heat, and while soft I stamp
out the article by suitably shaped punches or dies. I then remove any super-
fluous portions of the material, and finish the article in the usual way of
treating that class of manufactures.
When using ivory, wood, or other suitable material, where the stamping
process is not so readily admissible, I shape out the article in the usual way
of working those materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRACELETS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Dècle and François
Alexandre Drault at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th February 1857.
We, ANTOINE DECLE and FRANCOIS ALEXANDRE DRAULT, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Jewellers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRACELETS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists, first, of improvements in the manufacture of chain
or metallic fabrics for bracelets.
Second, in the use of these metallic fabrics for the manufacture of bracelets
and other analogous articles.
Third, in the tools used for this manufacture.
Fourth, in a new application of a buckle as a clasp or fastening, which
improvements, together with the improved tools necessary to the manufacture,
are shown in the annexed Drawings.
Fig. 1st is a large mandril or hollow tube; Fig. 2nd is a smaller mandril
or hollow tube.
Fig. 3rd & Fig. 4th represent draw plates of wood, soft metal, or other
suitable material.
Fig. 5th, the flattening tool.
Fig. 6th represents the weaving or looping stitch, which of itself is generally
well understood by jewellers.

page_text: Fig. 7, the
Fig. 8th, bracelet, with the improved clasp or buckle.
Fig. 9th, the wedge or part for flattening the metal fabric.
The manufacture of these, improved bracelets is as follows:-A metallic
tube is first woven, of a well-known stitch; it is successively passed through a
number of holes in the draw plates to contract the diameter. At each time
the mandrils are changed, smaller ones being used as the diameter contracts or
decreases.
This operation has for object to compress, to restrain, & to contract the
stitch of the metallic fabric. The tube, after being flattened with a pincer or
other suitable pressure, is passed through the flattening tool, shown at Fig. 5.
A, iron frame, edged; B, B, groove; C, screw; F, sliding piece or wedge;
G, screw for moving F, H, (Fig. 9.)
The flattened tube is engaged with or passed through the frame A, the
part H and the sliding wedge or piece F, and drawn on the other side till the
flattening is complete.
It is of these chains, or metallic fabric that the bracelet is made.
The other part of our Invention, which consists of the application, of a
buckle for clasping or fixing the bracelet, as shown in Fig. 8.
AN IMPROVED WROUGHT-IRON COCK, SUITABLE FOR WATER, STEAM, OR GAS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Dawson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May 1857.
I, ALFRED DAWSON, of 14, Barnes Place, Mile End Road, in the Parish of
Saint Dunstans, Stepney, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer," do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WROUGHT-IRON
COCK, SUITABLE FOR WATER, STEAM, OR GAS," to be as follows:-
I take a piece of wrought-iron tube of about three inches or more longer
than the cock is required to be, when made; this piece of tube is heated in a
forge or furnace sufficiently hot, it is then removed and upset or thickened in
an iron block or mould to the form required at that part of the cock were
the plug or key is to be fitted; the end or ends are then bent or formed to the
shape required, and screwed suitable for connecting to wrought iron, or any
other screwed tubing or connections; the hole for the plug or key is
then made, and it is then tinned, galvanized, or bushed with brass or any
other suitable material, and the key or plug is fitted to the same, when it is fit
for use.
Therefore what I claim as my Invention is, the making a wrought-iron
cock suitable for water, steam, or gas, and capable of being connected to iron
or any other screwed tubing or screwed connections, in a similar manner that
such tubing or connections are usually made.
MANUFACTURING GUTTA PERCHA GLUE, AND APPLYING THE SAID GLUE TO VARIOUS NEW PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrwea
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Joseph Almidor Danne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
27th May 1857.
I, LOUIS JOSEPH ALMIDOR DANNE, of Caen (France), do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "MANUFACTURING GUTTA PERCHA GLUE, AND
APPLYING THE SAID GLUE TO VARIOUS NEW PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in melting gutta percha with rosin in a suitable pan,
and mixing with it when in a fluid state, if required, some hard powdered
material, such as glass, sand, emery, pumice stone, &c. The proportions of
the several compound materials are to be modified according to the nature
of the applications of my glue.
For glue, the proportion I find to be the best is gutta percha, one pound;.
rosin, one pound; litharge, one ounce; and an adequate quantity of powdered.
glass.
The objects to be glued together must be dry, and, if possible, a little.
warm. By modifying its composition and mixing with it some other hard
material, as aforesaid, according to the requirements, my gutta percha glue-
can be applied to various purposes, such as caulking of ships, making foun-
tains and reservoirs water-tight, fastening glass in window sashes, lining pipes.
for conveying water or gas, stopping bottles or cans containing liquids or

page_text: preserved alimentary substances, covering cloth, leather, or wood, stone, or any
other matter. When the glue is mixed with hard sharp powders for polishing
wood, stones, metals, &c., such cloth, leather, &c., being then used in lieu
of file, rasp, glass, or emery paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF WASTE HEAT FROM COKE OVENS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Unwin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1857.
I, HENRY UNWIN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION
OF WASTE HEAT FROM COKE OVENS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in applying the waste heat of coke ovens
relates to the application of such heat to heating steam boilers for driving
engines or other purposes. I arrange ovens somewhat in the ordinary manner,
that is, with three, four, or other number of ovens side by side; I form
openings in the crowns of such ovens for the introduction of the coals, and for
the passage of the products of combustion that must necessarily escape.
These openings we furnish with dampers or valves to close them when
required. On the top of these ovens I build a steam boiler, extending over
the several ovens placed together. Under this boiler I form openings com-
municating with the coke ovens, and adapt to each a suitable valve or damper,
whereby such openings can be readily closed. The flue or passage under the
boiler communicates with the chimney, where the products of combustion
ultimately escape after circulating under or about the boiler. Thus there are
two openings of escape for the products of combustion from the ovens, the
ordinary ones and those under the boiler. Coke ovens being charged with

page_text: coals in rotation, are constantly burning and evolving heat, which may not
always be required for generating steam. When steam is required, the passages
under the boiler are opened, while the other escape openings are closed, but
when the pressure of the steam is not required to be maintained in the boiler,
the flues or passages from the ovens thereto are closed, and the
permit the ordinary escape opened, thus the boiler is cut off from the heating
action of the coke ovens.
passages to
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY USED IN SPINNING
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Peters at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1857.
I, JULES PETERS, of Eupen, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY USED IN SPINNING," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention consists essentially in an improved flyer or spinning needle
for spinning thread at the same time it is wound on a reel or cylinder.
The flyer or spinning needle is composed of a cylindrical or other shaped
box, containing the thread to be spun. Upon the top of the lid of the box is
fitted a small tapering or other shaped spindle for twisting the thread. This
box is fixed to a pivot or small axis, which rotates in a suitable socket and
guide. On the axis is a small pulley, placed in connection, by cords, with
suitable wheel gearing, by which a rapid rotatory motion is given to the flyer,
so as to twist the thread as it is drawn or wound on a reel or cylinder, resting
and rotating upon another cylinder actuated by the wheel gearing. The thread
as it is drawn from the flyer passes through an adjustable guide, and also
between two rollers.
Various modifications may be made of the flyer, of which any suitable
number may be employed.
A METALLIC AIR- TIGHT COFFIN
Year: 1857

page_text: on for Letters atent was not given nthin the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Loach at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1857.
I, JOHN LOACH, Japanner, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "A METALLIC AIR-
TIGHT COFFIN," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
The object and nature of my Invention is simply in the application to the
whole or partial manufacture of coffins of the metal known as zinc, or suitable
alloys of zinc, by either casting the bodies of coffins in one piece from moulds
or by patterns, in the ordinary way in which such metallic articles are usually
cast, and by forming the top or cover in the same way, which cover, when
permanently applied, I propose to secure by soldering, thus making a a coffin
thoroughly air-tight, and of an anti-corrosive, strong, cheap, and exceedingly
durable metal.
In some instances. I may prefer soldering them up from sheet zinc, in
counter-distinction to casting them.
In using the term zinc, I mean the common mercantile sheet zinc known
by that name, but I do not propose confining myself to the entire use of such
metal, as it may be necessary in some instances to alloy the zinc with other
suitable metal or metals, still preserving the character of zinc, which may
in all cases greatly preponderate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL ICES FROM CREAM AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: www
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stettinius Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1857.-A communication from George W. Robinson and
Charles W. Lord, of Baltimore, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK, of the American Patent Office, 133, High
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL ICES
FROM CREAM AND OTHER LIQUIDS," (a communication,) to be as follows:-
The machine consists of two concentric cylinders of the same length, but
different diameters closed at the lower ends, the lesser one being filled with ice
and salt, and placed inside the greater one, which is also surrounded with ice;
an annular space is left between them, wherein the cream is placed to be
congealed, and in which four circular concentric rising and falling planes are
placed for planing the thin layers of ice from the inner surface of the larger
cylinder, and the outer surface of the smaller cylinder as they are elevated and
depressed by means of two vertical rods, and a cross rod uniting these at top.
The operation is as follows:-The liquid being poured into the outer cylinder,
the inner cylinder and planes are inserted into the outer cylinder, and a cap
or cover secured thereon, the operator moving the planes rapidly up, which
cuts or planes the ice from the cylinder as fast as it accumulates, which falls
into the annular chamber between the cylinders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMON ROAD CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: his Invention received
www WILD
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederick Shoner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th November 1857.
I, JOHN FREDERICK SHONER, of 4, Church Street, Kennington, in the
County of Surrey, Baker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMON ROAD CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in vehicles of all kinds for
common roads, whereby the body of the vehicle is kept free from any dirt that
may be taken up by the wheels, and consists of an improved construction and
arrangement of the splash leathers, which I propose to attach to the axles or
to the springs in place of the side of the vehicle, as is at present the case. By
this means the splash leathers may be made much narrower than the ordinary
leathers, and the wheels may be brought closer to the sides of the vehicle.
These splash leathers may be made of or covered with any suitable material,
and may be made either flat, convex, or with one or more angles. In order to
protect ladies' dresses from the wheels, I propose attaching a screen to the front
part of the splash leather of the hind wheels, which screen may be fitted on or
removed at pleasure, and may either go the whole length or any desired
portion of the length of the splash leather. A brush of short hair or other
convenient apparatus moveable at pleasure may also be used in combination

page_text: with my improved splash leather, for the purpose of removing the dirt from
the wheels as they revolve. By this modo of attaching the splash leathers a
uniform distance is maintained between the leathers and the wheel tyres, as
the wheels and splash leathers will always work together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FRAMES AND SASHES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Fenton Kenny at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th May 1857.
I, LEWIS FENTON KENNY, of Stanley Street, Pimlico, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FRAMES
AND SASHES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement by which window sashes are
easily removed from their frames for cleaning or other purposes, and returned
with equal facility, and consist in grooves being eut in the pulley styles of each
sash frame, with communicating branch slots or connecting grooves, for the
purpose of receiving short pins of brass or of other suitable material, which
are fixed in each side of the sashes, and by means of which pins the sashes
are retained and guided in their proper position, the branch slots or connecting
grooves being opened or closed as required by means of slides fitted for that
purpose.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is an elevation view of a window sash, shewing the pins a, a, a, a,
inserted therein; Fig. 2 is an elevation of the inside of one balf of a window
frame, shewing the perpendicular grooves b, b, & b', b', in the centre of each
pulley style for the pins a, a, a, a, Fig. 1, to run in; c, c, represent the branch

page_text: slots or connecting grooves, for allowing the pins of the upper sash to pass into
the outer grooves 6, 61; Fig. 3 is an elevation of a window frame a', a, a, a,
pointing out the branch slots or connecting grooves through which the pins
are admitted into the inner perpendicular grooves b, b, Fig. 2; and c, c, shew
the grooves which connect b, b, with b², b¹, Fig. 2.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GENERATION AND APPLICATION OF STEAM POWER FOR PROPELLING, HAULING, DRIVING, OR CONVEYING, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO FARMING PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hamilton Henry Fulton and Thomas
Bodley Etty at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th February 1857.
We, HAMILTON HENRY FULTON, of 8, Great Queen Street, Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, and THOMAS BODLEY ETTY, of 8, Great Queen Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GENERATION AND APPLICATION OF
STEAM POWER FOR PROPELLING, HAULING, DRIVING, OR CONVEYING, PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE TO FARMING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in constructing boilers of two distinct
cylinders connected by pipes; one cylinder containing the fire box for the
furnace, and the other cylinder the flues or tubes.
Secondly, in fixing on the driving or running wheels or axle of locomotive
engines, inside and outside, toothed wheels of different diameters, into either
of which wheels a pinion worked by the engine is put into gear by a lever or
other means, thus either increasing or diminishing the speed of the driving or
running wheels.
Thirdly, in the application of a capstan or drum to locomotive engines,
driven from the engine shaft, to assist in the traction; the capstan or drum
being provided with a groove or grooves on their peripheries, around which
anchored ropes or chains are wound. Also in applying guide pullies for the
purpose of passing the ropes or chains from one groove to the other when a
capstan or drum having two or more grooves is used.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Lenz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January 1857.
I, CHARLES LENZ, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Metallurgist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to melt and convert iron in a granulated or
pulverized state direct into cast steel by melting the same in combination with
oxides after methods already known, but without the use of crucibles or
melting pots. In place of these I propose to use reverberatory furnaces,
fineries, or furnaces of any other description, in the hearth of which a cavity
is constructed to receive the materials to be converted, and to expose them to
the action of the heat. To prevent the atmospheric air, flame, and gases of
combustion acting detrimentally upon the metal, which it would do if brought
into contact with the metal while in a heated state, I cover it over with a
layer of glass, clay, earth, or oxides.
When the metal is converted, I run it out of the furnace down a cast or
wrought-iron funnel lined with fire clay, and I am thus enabled to supply a
regular and continuous stream of fluid steel to ingot or other moulds placed
to receive the metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTERS FOR SHOP FRONTS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Smith and Horatio Wise-
man at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st January 1857.
We, JOSEPH SMITH, of Great Bridgewater Street, in the City of Manchester,
Mechanic, and HORATIO WISEMAN, of Great Ancoats Street, in the same City,
Cabinet Maker and Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTERS FOR SHOP FRONTS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in applying rollers at the upper and lower ends of
shutters of the usual construction, to enable them to be slidden with facility in
suitable grooves. The shutters are contained in a box capable of being
moved by a screw or other means. When the shutters are to be closed, the
box, with the shutters in it, is brought in a line with the shop front, one of the
shutters is then taken out of the box and moved along the grooves to one end
of the shop front; the box is then moved by means of the screw or other means
until the second shutter is in a line with the grooves, the shutter is then taken
out of the box and moved into its place in contact with the first, and in this
manner all the shutters are put in their places, and secured by an iron bar or
other means, the empty box standing in the place of the last shutter. When
the shutters have to be taken down the box is again brought in a line

page_text: with the front of the shop, and the shutters are replaced in the box in the
same order as they were taken out; the box, with the shutters in it, may be
moved to any convenient place: By this means the shutters can be taken
down and put in their places with very little labour; they are also more
securely held in their places when closed, and they are less liable to be injured
than those in general use.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS FOR THE MORE EFFECTUAL CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE, WHEREBY A GREAT SAVING OF COAL WILL BE EFFECTED
Year: 1857

page_text: TOLECULOTE,
LILD
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lord and William Soothill
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 19th February 1857.
We, JAMES LORD, of No. 2, Brierly Street, within the Borough of Rochdale,
Engineer, and WILLIAM SOOTHILL, of Stock Road, in the Parish of Rochdale,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS FOR THE MORE EFFECTUAL CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE,
WHEREBY A GREAT SAVING OF COAL WILL BE EFFECTED," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies more particularly to that class of steam boilers
known and distinguished as Cornish boilers, and consists in adapting thereto
and combining therewith the following parts, namely, two vessels placed onc
above the other, and connected together by vertical pipes of small diameter.
These two aforesaid vessels constitute the bridge of the furnace of the boiler,
and are formed of similar shape externally to that of the tube or opening
in the boiler in which they are fixed. The back part of each of these two
vessels is connected to the boiler by an elbow pipe, and from the front part of
the uppermost of said vessels sundry small pipes proceed in a horizontal
direction, and are connected at their other end to a quadrant-shaped box
ör chest, the upper part of which said box is connected by a short bent pipe to
the front of the boiler. We also propose to arrange and dispose a series
of curved pipes of small diameter across the crown of the tube of the boiler, as

page_text: also a few pipes arranged vertically; the object of the aforesaid small pipes
being to presont a large heating surface and small body of water to the action
of the furnace fire, so as to generate steam quickly; the water from the
boiler circulating through said pipes, as also the before-mentioned vessels
composing the fire bridge and box or chest, thus economizing fuel and lessening!
considerably the quantity of smoke given off from the furnace fire.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SCREENS FOR DRESSING OR SEPARATING CORN OR OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pinchbeck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd August
1857.
I, JOHN PINCHBECK, of Katesgrove Ironworks, Reading, in the County
of Berks, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN SCREENS FOR DRESSING OR SEPARATING CORN OR OTHER
GRAIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a peculiar and novel construction of screens or
sieves for dressing grain, whereby the spaces between the wires of such
screens may be altered to suit the various sizes of grain to be operated upon.
The accompanying Drawing represents the apparatus I employ for this
purpose.
a and b, Figure 1, are two flat bars forming the outside of the screen; and
c is a central flat bar. These bars are ranged parallel to each other, and are
connected together at their ends by the flat links d, d, d, d, which turn upon
joints or pins at d³, d', d', d. The links are prepared with holes of suitable
size, and at suitable distances to receive the ends of the wires e, e, constituting
the body of the screen, which wires lie parallel to the bars a, b, c. The
distance of these holes from each other is determined by the size of the
largest kind of grain it is intended to dress. When it is required to dress
smaller grain, the centre bar c is brought down to the position shewn in
°

page_text: Figure 2 by means of a regulating screw or other means; the distance
between the bars a and b is in consequence reduced, as is also the distance
between the wires e, e, whereby such distances may be made suitable to grain
of different sizes. The wires in the holes in the links are bent over to allow
them to turn freely in such holes. Figure 3 is a section of one of the links,
shewing the hole in the same, and the wire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR SPLITTING LEATHER IN ORDER TO MANUFACTURE TUBES, SHEATHS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR SPLITTING LEATHER IN ORDER TO
MANUFACTURE TUBES, SHEATHS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," (communicated to me by
a foreigner residing abroad), to be as follows:-
These apparatuses consist of a pair of cylinders or rolls, through which the
leather to be split is passed and presented to a knife working horizontally.
This knife is mounted in a knife holder, hollow throughout its length. By
means of a lever handle the holder is made to perform a to-and-fro motion in
front of the rolls, moving upon a fixed centre. The free end of the holder
thus describes a curve in front of the rolls. But in order to cause the knife
to work in a line across and parallel with the rolls, it carries on the back end
thereof, either directly or through a rod, a friction roller, which works in a
curved channel fitted on a block behind the holder.
Where small tubes are to be formed, and where the length of split is to be
small, the knife may be fixed upon a hinge connected to the end of a rod,
held inside the hollow holder. The play of the knife is effected by the lever
handle before alluded to, through rods outside the holder, which rods are

page_text: connected at one end through chains to the hinge, and at the other, also
through chains, to a disc connected to the lever handle.
In order to insure the knife always splitting or dividing the skin exactly in
the centre, or in such manner that both sides of the leather divided shall be of
equal thickness, the knife holder is supported near the extremity where the
knife is fitted in supports, which are capable of adjustment by screws, while
an upright rod, connected to the back end of a rod working inside the hollow
holder, communicates with a pointer, which indicates upon a fixed scale any
departure from the horizontal line in which it ought to travel. The attendant
then by raising or lowering the end of the knife holder, through the screw
adjustments before named, can restore or set the knife in the proper horizontal
line.