Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Feb., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 7th Dec., 1888
JOSEPH PULLAN GUY of Armley House Burslem Staffordshire do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I prepare a mixture of alumina and mountain wood or ligniform or other asbestos
with or without foreign substances as lime silica and burnt clay technically known as
grog "in the proportions necessary for the purpose for which the material is to
be used.
(0

page_text: An Improved Refractory Material for Use in Furnaces and Kilns.
I JOSEPH PULLAN GUY of Armley House Burslem'in the County of Stafford
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
16
This invention relates to an improved refractory material for use in pottery and the
like or other furnaces ovens and kilns where applicable and has for its object to
produce saggers" and other vessels and linings usually exposed to great heat of
greater durability and less liable to crack and having other advantages in use (such as
strength, wear and heat resisting) than has heretofore been obtained.
For these purposes I use a mixture of alumina and asbestos with or without foreign
substances such as lime silica and burnt clay (the latter when pulverised being
technically known as grog) and in carrying my invention into practice I find it
very advantageous to use a particular kind of highly aluminous asbestos (at present.
so far as I am aware only found in Natal South Africa) which is not only in a cheap
and convenient form but also I have found to give very good results.
"
For the sake of example I will proceed to describe the method of making potters
saggers in accordance with my invention as follows:-
22
I mix one fifth part (or thereabouts) of the said aluminous asbestos with four fifths
(or thereabouts) of suitable fire clay each in a finely pulverised and plastic state and.
mould and dry same and "fire" in the ordinary or any suitable manner.
"
These "saggers" so produced are then employed in the usual manner and instead
of cracking or deteriorating and so becoming useless in a few "firings as is now
usually the case they owing to the fine pulverisation and compression of their materials
together with the aluminous properties of the asbestos brought out under heat com-
bining with the alumina in the fire clay render these "saggers" less liable to crack
in cooling and more durable in wear as they will last very much longer than those
heretofore in use and thus effect considerable economy in practice as they avoid so
much loss of time and materials hitherto caused by the "saggers" cracking so very
quickly in use.
These "
saggers" so produced in the first instance are suitable for firing to an
ordinary heat such as ""earthenware" and "granite" but in order to produce
a material for resisting greater or extraordinary heats such as "china" I proceed as
follows:-.
I take the above "saggers" after becoming "shords" (i.e. used up "saggers) and
again pulverise same and mix said pulverised material with fresh fireclay finely
pulverised as before in the proportions of one third (or thereabouts) of the former and
two thirds (or thereabouts of the latter and such mixture-is-then made-up-into
saggers" and fired at a greater heat than before when the aluminous asbestos which
previously was only "sei now completely fuses and thus binds the materials and also
reduces their tendency to crack which is the main object of my present invention and
"6

page_text: "china
such "saggers" are capable of resisting extraordinary heat such as
the
amount of aluminous asbestos (obtained from the pulverised "saggers") when so
fused being sufficient to obtain this object.
"
Saggers" made as above and such like vessels and linings can be made much
thinner than heretofore to give the same amount of resistance to heat, and for gas
retorts and other usually heavy vessels or apparatus this condition is of the utmost
importance.
Also this material will be found suitable and very valuable in resisting atmospheric
and chemical influences such as the action of sewage matter.
If desired this aluminous asbestos may be mixed and used with fire clay and other
similar substance (such as silica and gannister) used for ovens kilns or other chambers
or apparatus and furnace linings where great heat is used so long as it is used in
suitable proportions and so as to obtain the before mentioned results."
I wish it to be clearly understood that I do not limit myself to any particular pro-
portions of materials as this aluminous asbestos may be used in any suitable way
for the purposes specified as I do not limit myself to any particular manner of
using it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The use and application of highly aluminous asbestos substantially in the manner
and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
2. The improved refractory material produced from highly aluminous asbestos
mixed with other suitable substances used for "saggers" lining furnaces etc. substan-
tially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1888.