An Improved Process of Making Imitation Marbles, Stones, and Gems, applicable also for Hardening Stone and rendering it impervious.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 21st June, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 19th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 21st June, 1898
PROVISIONAL DI EUITIVATION.
An Improved Process of Making Imitation Marbles, Stones,
and Gems, applicable also for Hardening Stone and rendering
it impervious.
I, JEAN MARIE DANIELLI, of 46, Boulevard St. Michel, Paris, France, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is the composition of various mixtures and the pro-
cesses of application by means of which, by the use of oriental alabaster or calcareous
alabaster reduced by calcination to the state of carbonated and alumed chalk, then
submitted to various treatments, I succeed in obtaining a substance looking like
natural colored marbles, stones and certain gems, which may be substituted with
different advantages for the said materials in the numerous uses to which they are
applied.
For the sake of example, I will mention a formula giving the results I require in
three different applications.
The alabaster having first been baked and alumed at a high temperature (1200 to
1500 degrees Centigrade) and reduced to impalpable powder, the colours, proper for
obtaining the marble or marbles desired, are added to it, then a paste is made, on the
When this paste is
consistency of which depends the density of the final substance.
obtained, it is moulded stamped or modelled or it is united in a mass, as the case may
be, and the agglomeration is allowed to go on.
The hydrate being well formed, the polishing, if there is any, is proceeded with in
the ordinary way. This operation being terminated, the agglomeration is put in an
oven in which the temperature is maintained at 60 or 80 degrees Centigrade, until
complete dryness. This being effected, the agglomeration is taken out of the oven
CD 077

page_text: and without allowing it to cool, it is immersed in the solution A previously raised to
a temperature sufficient to completely dissolve the salts, it is left there until
saturated, then it is taken out, and put into the oven again as much with a view of
promoting the dryness as of favouring the chemical combination of the salts with the
carbonate of chalk. This dryness being complete, the material is exposed to the air
for several days (between three and five days) then it is immersed a second time, but
this time in the preparation B in which it is left till the saturation is complete,
care being taken during all the time necessary for this operation, the length
of which depends on the thickness of the object and the density of the
substance, to maintain a regular and sufficiently high temperature to keep the
substance of the mixture in fusion. When the saturation is perfect, which may be
known hy a sound or rod, the material is taken out and the external cleaning is
proceeded with by a dissolvent such as sulphuret of carbon, benzoin, essence of
turpentine, sulphuric ether &c., &c.
Its object is the application of the processes already described to stones, marbles 20
and all natural minerals, the geological constitution of which presents more or less
porosity either to increase their hardness or to give them imperviousness or finally
to impart those two qualities to them.
An Improved Process of Making Imitation Marbles, Stones,
and Gems, applicable also for Hardening Stone and rendering
it impervious.
I, JEAN MARIE DANIELLI, of 46, Boulevard St. Michel, Paris, France, Manufacturer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
The object of my invention is the composition of various mixtures and the
processes of application to either oriental alabaster or calcareous alabaster reduced by
calcination to the state of carbonate of lime saturated with alum then submitted to
various treatments by which I succeed in obtaining a substance looking like colored
marbles, stone and certain gems which may be substituted with various advantages
for those said materials in the numerous uses to which they are applied.
My invention, though having the same result namely the imitation of the said
colored marbles and though having the same object as stucco and other agglomera-
tions or aggregations under whatever name they may appear, must not, however, be
confounded with them.
Consequently, I wish it to be clearly understood that the novelty of my process
does not consist solely in the use of alabaster properly so called reduced by calcination

page_text: to the state of carbonate of lime, which alabaster in this case may have equivalents
in certain calcareous substances susceptible of hydratation or of agglomeration but
especially in the complementary results at once new and quite peculiar to the
operation which are the consequence of the manipulation and treatinent to which I
submit the calcareous substance I make use of in order to succeed.
With regard to those results both new and peculiar it is here necessary to plainly
specify the same: they are:-—
1°. The progressive hardening of the substance throughout its entire thickness
after having undergone all the stages of the manipulation.
2°. The obtaining of an internal crystallization such as is net with in the majority
of natural colored marbles.
30. The partial transparency which is observed in the majority of natural marbles
to which is due the softness and shading of the colors.
4°. The absolute imperviousness, securing the substance from any crumbling
which might result from exposure to dampness, air, water or frost.
50. The neutralization of all action which might result whether from accidental
contact with acids even if corrosive, such as muriatic acid, nitric acid sulphuric acid
and others or from chemical agents contained by the substance in its natural state, or
having been used in the treatinent or in the agglomeration or aggregation such as
salts saltpetre, acids, organic substances.
All the above results have hitherto been unknown.
For the sake of example I will at present mention the formula giving the results I
require in the different applications but it must be clearly understood that the pro-
portions expressed can be modified in any convenient manner, and that I can increase,
diminish, suppress or replace any one whatever or several of the substances consti-
tuting the mixture, as it must be understood that I don't limit my invention to the
combination of the substances employed because I consider as new
1°. The application and the means of succeeding.
2º. The results proceeding from this invention which have been already
specified.
3°. The application of the said processes and results to all other imitations such
as mosaic, incrustation, ceramics, frescoes enamels, and generally to all those to
which the application of the said processes can impart either wholly or partially one
or several of the results already indicated.
4°. The application of the said processes to all other calcareous substances as well
as alabaster whether they are susceptible of transformation in the state of hydrate or
not, or whether they can be agglomerated or solidified by means of glutinous sub-
stances or not.
5°. The application of the said processes to all natural substances capable of
acquiring wholly or partially one or several of the results already stated.
SOLUTION A.
The following solution is prepared :—
Water
Borate of soda
Sulphate of aluminium & potash
Chloride of sodium
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-
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page_text: The alabaster having first been baked at a high temperature (1200 to 1500 degrees
Centigrade) and saturated with alum during the calcination and then reduced to
impalpable powder, the colors proper for obtaining the marble or marbles desired are
added to it then a paste is made on the consistency of which depends the density of
the final substance. When this paste is obtained it is moulded, stamped or modelled
or it is united in a mass, as the case may be, and the setting is allowed to go on.
The object being well formed, the polishing, if there is any is proceeded with, in
the ordinary way.
This operation being terminated, the molded object is put in an oven in which the
temperature is maintained at 60 or 80 degrees Centigrade until the dryness is
complete.
This being effected the article is taken out of the oven and without allowing it to
cool it is immersed in the solution A previously raised to a temperature sufficient to
completely effect the dissolution of the salts; it is left there until it is saturated then
it is taken out and put into the oven again, as much with a view of promoting the
dryness as of favoring the chemical combination of the salts with the carbonate of
lime. This dryness being complete the article is exposed to the air for several days
(between three and five days), then it is immersed a second time, but this time in
the solution B in which it is left, till the saturation is complete, care being taken
during all the time necessary for this operation, the length of which depends on the
thickness of the object and the density of the substance to maintain a regular and
sufficiently high temperature to keep the substance of the mixture in fusion.
When the saturation is perfect, which may be known by means of a probe or rod,
the object is taken out and the external cleaning is proceeded with by a solvent such
as bisulphide of carbon, benzine, essence of turpentine, sulphuric ether and others.