Improvements in Wheel Tyres.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Wheel Tyres.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, Director of Carriage Tyre Co., 12 Mosley Street,
Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to wheels tyred with india rubber whether solid,
cushion, pneumatic or hydraulic where the rubber is furnished about its outer
periphery with short metallic shoes as a flexible armour as described and illus-
trated in my Patent No. 21760/92.
My invention is as follows:-The channel rim (secured to the felly in the
usual way) containing the india rubber is formed with the top edges of its sides
turned inwards and I furnish the outer edges of the sides of the short length
shoes with protruding lips which lie under and engage those inturned top edges
in a manner similar to that shown in Challiners Patent No. 3713/93, though it
is obvious that the engaging might be reversed by causing the tops of the edges
of the channel rim to turn outwards and the bottom edges of the sides of the
shoes to turn inwards to overlap the channel and lie under the beads of the
channel. In combination with the foregoing I furnish the inside of the sides
of shoes with beads or projections which engage the rubber, securing shoes and
rubber firmly together as in my Patent No. 21760/92 and as a further improve-
ment I may construct the sides of these shoes with outwardly splayed or cup
shaped (in section) extensions beyond the clasp or beads.
In another form, the interior of my shoes may be made without clasping
sides or engaging beads, and the shoes be, so far as can be seen, practically
short detached plates or if furnished with sides at all to embrace the rubber.
These sides may be vertical or even splayed outwardly, or they may still be
furnished with inturned sides as above, such being used in combination with the
fastening which is as follows:About the centre line of the inner periphery of
the tread I incorporate a fin or rib of metal extending practically from one
end to the other of the shoes length. Towards the bottom edge of this rib, away
from the place where it is attached to the shoe this fin is furnished along its
length with a bulb or extended width. The rubber is shaped to embrace this bulb
ended rib and it will be readily understood that the rubber clasping round this
rib with its enlarged end will secure the shoe and rubber firmly together accom-
plishing exactly but in a different way, what is accomplished by turning the sides
inwards. I use the word bulb as best indicating what I intend to describe.
This word, however, must be taken to mean any enlargement or jutting out from
the rib or its equivalent round which the rubber can clasp. A modification is
where the projecting rib or equivalent is a thick one and is furnished with recesses
or hollows which engage corresponding projections in the rubber.
A further modification is where the projecting rib is merely a plain fin to be
used in combination with clasping sides to ensure greater lateral rigidity.
In any of the foregoing the shoes may be formed to dovetail into each other
in the manner shown in my Patent No. 29028/96.
Hitherto my invention has referred solely to the cases where the shoes with

page_text: their clasping sides or equivalent have been placed upon the rubber in such a
way that these clasps curls or beads take a longitudinal direction round the
wheel. I may however turn them round so that their clasps, curls, beads, or
equivalent take a transverse direction across the rubber, as opposed to a longi-
tudinal one. This alteration necessitates a modification in the design of the shoe
if and when I desire to combine with it the principle of inturned sides engaging
underlying lips I therefore form excrescences which protrude from the sides
of the fore and aft ends and these engage and lie under the inturned sides of the
channel. The rubber may be wired into the channel rim in any of the ways in
common use or it may be clinched in by furnishing the sides of the channel with
internal beads similar to those in the shoes or it may simply be laid in and be main-
tained in position by the pressure exerted by the shoes which are held tightly down
by their outwardly turned edges lying under the inwardly turned sides of the
channel rim. The shoes may be united to each other in the manner shown in
my Patent No. 18030/92, and in order that the connecting medium therein
described may be more conveniently and efficiently inserted in the shoes, I con-
struct the shoes with an open side or with two sides open, this enables me to
insert the metal band or bands or equivalent (as in Specification No. 18030/92)
after same have been formed into continuous hoops. Thus in certain forms
enabling me to shrink same on. This principle of open side must be taken
to apply to all forms shown in my Patent No. 18030/92 and also in my Patent
No. 21760/92 whether in combiration with my present improvements or not.
The words open side also must be taken to mean any opening leading towards the
centre of the shoe whether from the side, the top or the base and must be taken
to cover the making of the shoe in two halves, a base and a roof (attachable by
any convenient mechanical method) after the encircling band or equivalent has
secured the base of the shoe upon the rubber.
It will be seen from the foregoing that whereas in my Patent No. 21760/92
the shoes singly or flexibly connected depended for their adhesion to the rubber
solely upon the clasp they had thereon, such adhesion however proves insuffi-
cient under certain conditions. In this my present invention however, the
clasp or equivalent as herein described is supplemented and further support is
afforded by the inturned channel sides overlapping the underlying lips of the
sides of the shoes, such plan by itself did not maintain rubber and shoes in
permanent contact. The combination however forms an efficient system whereby
displacement is practically impossible and at the same time there is no looseness
of contact between rubber and shoe as soon occurs unless rubber and shoe are
united by the sides of the latter embracing the former (or equivalent as
described) or in another efficient manner which is as follows and which must be
taken as part of my present invention. I employ the overlapping sides of the
channel and the underlying lips of the shoes in combination with the methods
employed to secure the short metallic shoes upon their rubber bed fully described
and illustrated in my Patent No. 18030/92.
In the practical manufacture of my improved tyre, in those forms where the
shoes are clasped upon the rubber, I prefer to force the rubber into the shoes
first, using the well known machine for the purpose, or the rubber may be
pressed into the clasp of the shoes during the process of manufacture may be of
various degrees of hardness and the combination be vulcanised together, or the
contact may be made more efficient if a wedge is inserted as described and illus-
trated in Carmonts Patent No. 20537/94, but in the cases where the shoes are of
the kind described in my Patent No. 18030/92 and the methods of fastening
are as therein described, I may find it better to put the shoes on after the rubber
is embedded in the channel rim. The rubber, combined with the shoes, or
otherwise, is placed in the channel rim, and in order that the lips of the shoes
may be got into position beneath the inturned sides of the channel I form the
channel rim with one or both of its sides somewhat splaved or open. When
all is in position the splayed side or sides are closed up. In order that the act

page_text: of closing up the channel shall not curl up the base of the rim which is shrunk
on the felly I make the sides of the channel weaker than the base so that the
deflection takes place from the sides alone. It is obvious however that there
are other methods by which these shoes can be got into place, for instance the
channel rim might be furnished with a loose side ring and uniting or adjusting
bolts. Such a method would also enable me to take up from time to time any
wear which might take place between the sides of the shoes and the channel rim
and would also allow of a compression or a packing up of the rubber in case of
shrinkage. With the latter object in view 1, in another form furnish the base
of the channel with a metal ring or segments or similar and bolts working
through the felly by which the metal base can be raised to force up the rubber.
With the last named object still in view I mould the rubber longitudinally
hollow and insert therein a water tight tube (or more than one may
be used) and to enable me to fill this tube with water or other preferably
thicker Huid, and so that the air may be expelled, I have an inlet valve and an
exit way leading to and from that tube, so placed relatively to each other as to
best enable me to expel the whole of the air and entirely fill the iube with fluid.
This tube may be filled with water either by connecting the inlet valve with a
water main or hydraulic supply, or fluid may be inserted by the aid of a pump,
the outlet way being left open till all the air is forced out and fluid flows through.
The outlet way is then closed and the pressure exerted forces out the walls of the
surrounding rubber till every gap or unoccupied portion between the channel
and the shoes is filled up and everything is forced into tight contact. On any
shrinkage taking place it is only necessary to again connect in order to take it
up. In effect the Huid acts as a flexible wedge over all portions of the tyre and
one which can be inserted from the outside. It is obvious that air might be
inserted instead of fluid but inasmuch as I am now describing a method of wedg-
ing and contemplate the use of a small tube for the purpose it is doubtful
whether air would be efficient. If a large air tube is used the tyre becomes
pneumatic and if a large water tube is employed the tyre becomes hydraulic.
Such is not the object of what I have just described, though I name same in
the early part of this specification. It is obvious that where I employ the
methods to take up shrinkage or displacement of rubber the same necessity to
use the means herein described to keep rubber shoes and channel into tight
contact does not exist and same may in some cases, be dispensed with. Further
as I believe that using an hydraulic tube as a wedge, and not as a substitute for
a pneumatic tyre, is novel, I may employ same in combination with every form
of india rubber tyre where the principle of wedging would be advantageous, as
for instance to secure tyre in rim or shoes on tyre.
Whether I secure the shoes into place with an adjustable loose sided channel
or by the deflection of one or both of its sides there is an important detail in the
shape of the shoes and also of the overlapping channel sides which in some designs
of my tyre it may be advisable to use. This is as follows I shape the top sides of
the protruding lips of the shoes so that they have a downward slant as they jut
-out from the shoes and I give the under side of the sides of the overlapping
channel a similar, but upward, slant. The surfaces in contact are therefore
inclined planes and it will be readily understood that as the sides of the channel
are forced nearer to each other the shoes are pressed inwards towards the centre
of the wheel. In this way I am enabled to take up from time to time some, if
not all of the shrinkage which may take place in the rubber.
горе
If I find that the rubber. has a tendency to displace longitudinally as the
wheel revolves, I may stop it by incorporating with the rubber, cord, canvas,
rope, wire rop somewhat slender wire or other flexible but non-elongating material,
or I may do so more effectually by making the rim take the form of a series
of boxes secured upon the felly by screwing riveting or otherwise or the channel
rim may itself be formed into a series of boxes or chambers by fitting in at inter-
vals transverse plates or their equivalent extending from side to side in the three

page_text: last named and hereinafter suitable holes would be made to allow of the admis-
sion of the before named hydraulic tube, if used.
These plates may be secured in many mechanical ways. One way is to make
a wide saw-cut through the sides of the channel to the base inserting the plate
and riveting over the edges of same. These plates may be at intervals of several
shoes length or they may be so numerous that they box up each shoe and isolate
it from its neighbours. Or I may block up the ends of each shoe with end plates
and in this form it will resemble an inverted four sided box. If the division plates
in the channel extend upwards and the ends of the shoes extend downwards no
fore and aft space will be left though which the rubber can displace.
A modification of my invention is where the underlying lips of the shoes
are formed jutting out from the fore and aft ends of the shoes either alone, or
in combination with such lips at the longitudinal sides, and the transverse
plates dividing the channel into sections are furnished with out turned top edges
which lie over those protruding transverse lips. In this case a convenient
method of manufacture is to shape the division plate so that it terminates in a
spindle which is passed through the base of the channel rim and if desired
through the wood felly, in either of which cases it can be secured by a nut or a
transverse pin. The sides of this division plate may engage a wide saw cut
formed across both sides of the channel as described, or this may be dispensed
with and the top of the plate with the inturned top edges may be recessed in
the top edges of the sides of the channel. It is obvious that if the shoes are not
furnished with underlying lips longitudinally there is no point in giving the
channel inturned top edges and the channel in this case may be a plain one.
The division plate constructed as above serves the dual purpose of securing the
shoes and rubber in the channel and also prevents the fore and aft displacement
of the rubber.
It is obvious from the foregoing that in lieu of using the division plate and
its controlling top edge in combination for the dual purpose, I may dispense with
the plate portion of the fastening and use simply a transverse bar of metal sunk
at its ends into the top of the sides of the channel and held into place by the
central pin attached permanently to it or the pin may be simply a loose screw
or bolt passed through the bar and screwed into the base of the channel or
fastened with a nut on the under side of it. There are several other mechanical
ways in which these transverse bars may be efficiently secured across the channel.
it is further obvious that in lieu of employing plates with out turned top
edges a similar control over the ends of the shoes might be obtained by forming
the shoes with solid ends containing elongated vertical recesses through which are
passed transverse pins or bolts secured to the sides of the channel rim; and
further in the cases where the ends of the shoes are boxed up as described the
boxing up end plates may be produced till they extend through recesses cut
through the base of the channel and if desired through the wood felly, where
they can be secured in many mechanical ways. My invention must be taken
to cover both these modifications.
Further, inasmuch as each shoe is capable of being easily detached (when
only held down by the fore and aft ends) the internal beads and other as
described used to secure shoe and rubber into tight contact spoken of in the
early portion of this invention may be dispensed with, as any looseness of con-
tact can be so easily remedied by packing up the under or inner side of the
roof of the shoe. If after boxing up the rubber so that it cannot escape or dis-
place I find that extra resiliency is required I can in some forms obtain it by
forming the rubber pad under each shoe with one or more holes or hollows in it
at a convenient place into which the rubber can displace itself without extending
into an outside field.
D
001
A

page_text: FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, Director of Carriage Tyre Company, 12, Mosley
Street, Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference to wheels tyred with india rubber whether solid,
cushion, pneumatic or hydraulic where the rubber is furnished about its outer
periphery with short metallic shoes as a flexible armour as described and illus-
trated in my Patent No. 21760/92.
My invention is as follows:-The channel rim (secured to the felly in the
usual way) containing the india rubber is formed with the top edges of its sides
turned inwards see A Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings and I furnish the
outer edges of the sides of the short length shoes with protruding lips C Fig. 1
which lie under and engage those inturned top edges in a manner similar to that
shown in Challiners Patent No. 3713/93, though it is obvious that the engaging
might be reversed by causing the tops of the edges of the channel rim to turn
outwards and the bottom edges of the sides of the shoes to turn inwards to over-
lap the channel and lie under the beads of the channel. In combination with
the foregoing I furnish the inside of the sides of shoes with beads or projec-
tions B Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings which engage the rubber, securing
shoes and rubber firmly together as in my Patent No. 21760/92 and as a further
improvement I may construct the sides of these shoes with outwardly splayed or
cup shaped (in section) extensions beyond the clasp or beads, as shown from B
to D Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings.
In another form, the interior of my shoes may be made without clasping
sides or engaging beads, and the shoes be, so far as can be seen, practically
short detached plates or if furnished with sides at all to embrace the rubber, these
sides may be vertical or even splayed outwardly, or they may still be furnished
with inturned sides as above, such being used in combination with the fastening
which is as follows:About the centre line of the inner periphery of the tread
incorporate a fin or rib of metal E Figs. 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings
extending practically from one end to the other of the shoes length. Towards
the bottom edge of this rib, away from the place where it is attached to the
shoe this fin furnished along its length with a bulb or extended width F
Figs. 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings. The rubber is shaped to embrace
this bulb ended rib and it will be readily understood that the rubber clasping
round this rib with its enlarged end will secure the shoe and rubber firmly
together accomplishing exactly but in a different way, what is accomplished
by turning the sides inwards. I use the word bulb as best indicating what I
intend to describe. This word. however, must be taken to mean any enlarge-
ment or jutting out from the rib or its equivalent round which the rubber can
clasp. A modification is where the projecting rib or equivalent is a thick one
and is furnished with recesses or hollows G Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings
which engage corresponding projections in the rubber.
A further modification is where the projecting rib is merely a plain fin Figs. 6
& 7 of the accompanying drawings to be used in combination with clasping sides
to ensure greater lateral rigidity.
In any of the foregoing the shoes may be formed to dovetail into each other
in the manner shown in my Patent No. 29028/96.
Hitherto my invention has referred solely to the cases where the shoes with

page_text: their clasping sides or equivalent have been placed upon the rubber in such a
way that these clasps curls or beads take a longitudinal direction round the
wheel. I may however turn them round so that their clasps, curls, beads, or
equivalent take a transverse direction across the rubber, as opposed to a longi-
tudinal one.
See Fig. 8 of the accompanying drawings. This alteration neces-
sitates a modification in the design of the shoe if and when I desire to combine
with it the principle of inturned sides engaging underlying lips I therefore form
excrescences which protrude from the sides of the fore and aft ends and these
engage and lie under the inturned sides of the channel. As in Fig. 9 of the
accompanying drawings. The rubber may be wired into the channel rim in any
of the ways in common use or it may be clinched in by furnishing the sides of
the channel with internal beads, Fig. 10 of the accompanying drawings
similar to those in the shoes or it may simply be laid in and be maintained in
position by the pressure exerted by the shoes which are held tightly down by
their outwardly turned edges lying under the inwardly turned sides of the channel
rim. The shoes may be united to each other in the manner shown in my Patent
No. 18030/92, and in order that the connecting medium therein described may
be more conveniently and efficiently inserted in the shoes, I construct the shoes with
an open side Fig. 11 of the accompanying drawings or with two sides open, this
enables me to insert the metal band or bands or equivalent (as in Specification
No. 18030/92) after same have been formed into continuous hoops. Thus in
certain forms enabling me to shrink same on. This principle of open side must
be taken to apply to all forms shown in my Patent No. 18030/92 and also in
my Patent No. 21760/92 whether in combination with my present improvements
or not. The words open side also must be taken to mean any opening leading
towards the centre of the shoe whether from the side, the top or the base as in
11, 11, 11, of the accompanying drawings and must be taken to cover the
making of the shoe in two halves, a base and a roof as in Fig. 12 of the accom-
panying drawings (attachable by any convenient mechanical method) after the
encircling band or equivalent has secured the base of the shoe upon the rubber.
It will be seen from the foregoing that whereas in my Patent No. 21760/92
the shoes singly or flexibly connected depended for their adhesion to the rubber
solely upon the clasp they had thereon, such adhesion however proves insuffi-
cient under certain conditions. In this my present invention however, the
clasp or equivalent as herein described is supplemented and further support is
afforded by the inturned channel sides overlapping the underlying lips of the
sides of the shoes, such plan by itself did not maintain rubber and shoes in
permanent contact. The combination however forms an efficient system whereby
displacement is practically impossible and at the same time there is no looseness
of contact between rubber and shoe as soon occurs unless rubber and shoe are
united by the sides of the latter embracing the former (or equivalent as
described) or in another efficient manner which is as follows and which must be
taken as part of my present invention. I employ the overlapping sides of the
channel and the underlying lips of the shoes in combination with the methods
employed to secure the short metallic shoes upon their rubber bed fully described
and illustrated in my Patent No. 18030/92.
In the practical manufacture of my improvel tyre, in those forms where the
shoes are clasped upon the rubber, I prefer to force the rubber into the shoes
first, using the well known machine for the purpose, or the rubber may be
pressed into the clasp of the shoes during the process of manufacture may be of
various degrees of hardness and the combination be vulcanised together, or the
contact may be made more efficient if a wedge is inserted as described and illus-
trated in Carmonts Patent No. 20537/94, but in the cases where the shoes are of
the kind described in my Patent No. 18030/92 and the methods of fastening
are as therein described, I may find it better to put the shoes on after the rubber
is embedded in the channel rim. The rubber, combined with the shoes, or
otherwise, is placed in the channel rim, and in order that the lips of the shoes

page_text: may be got into position beneath the inturned sides of the channel 1 form the
channel rim with one or both of its sides somewhat splayed or open. When
all is in position the splayed side or sides are closed up. In order that the act
of closing up the channel shall not curl up the base of the rim which is shrunk
on the felly I make the sides of the channel weaker than the base so that the
deflection takes place from the sides alone. It is obvious however that there
are other methods by which these shoes can be got into place, for instance the
channel rim might be furnished with a loose side ring and uniting or adjusting
bolts. See Fig. 13 of the accompanying drawings. Such a method would also
enable me to take up from time to time any wear which might take place
between the sides of the shoes and the channel rim and would also allow of a
compression or a packing up of the rubber in case of shrinkage. With the
latter object in view I, in another form furnish the base of the channel with
a metal ring or segments or similar and bolts working through the felly Fig. 14,
of the accompanying drawings by which the metal base can be raised to force
up the rubber. With the last named object still in view I mould the rubber
longitudinally hollow and insert therein a water tight tube H Fig. 15 of the
accompanying drawings (or more than one may be used) and to enable me to fill
this tube with water or other preferably thicker fluid, and so that the air may be
expelled, I have an inlet valve and an exit way leading to and from that tube,
so placed relatively to each other as to best enable me to expel the whole of the
air and entirely fill the tube with fluid. This tube may be filled with water either
by connecting the inlet valve with a water main or hydraulic supply, or fluid
may be inserted by the aid of a pump, the outlet way being left open till all the
is forced out and fluid flows through. The outlet way is then closed and the
pressure exerted forces out the walls of the surrounding rubber till every gap
or uncccupied portion between the channel and the shoes is filled up and every-
thing is forced into tight contact. On any shrinkage taking place it is only
necessary to again connect in order to take it up. In effect the fluid acts as a
flexible wedge over all portions of the tyre and one which can be inserted from
the outside. Fig. 15 of the accompanying drawings illustrates the hydraulic
wedge combined with an ordinary clinched on solid rubber tyre. In the case of
a pneumatic tyre as in Fig. 15, of the accompanying drawings, it is necessary
to surround the hydraulic tube with an inextensible band or hoop of metal B
which will cause the wedging action of the hydraulic tube to take a downward
direction and so secure the ends of the outer casing C tightly in the rim R. In
the case where a tyre consists of a channel rim with inturned top edges engaging
underlying lips upon the short metallic shoes (and therefore by its construction
capable of withstanding great pressure) the necessity to surround the hydraulic
tube wedge with a volume of rubber, does not exist, and the same may be
partially or wholly dispensed with. In this case the space between the shoes
and the channel is entirely filled with the thickened walls of the wedging
hydraulic tube (and the fluid contained therein) the material out of which the
tube is formed constituting the rubber bed. It is obvious that when 1 employ
methods to take up shrinkage or displacement of rubber the same necessity to
use the means herein described to keep rubber shoes and channel into tight con-
tact does not exist and same may in some cases, be dispensed with. Further
as I believe that using an hydraulic tube as a wedge, and not as a substitute for
a pneumatic tyre, is novel, I may employ same in combination with every form
of india rubber tyre where the principle of wedging would be advantageous,
as for instance to secure tyre in rim or shoes on tyre.
When I secure the shoes into place with an adjustable loose sided channel or
by the deflection of one or both of its sides there in an important detail in the
shape of the shoes and also of the overlapping channel sides which in some
designs of my tyre it may be advisable to use. This is as follows I shape the
top sides of the protruding lips of the shoes so that they have a downward slant
as they jut out from the shoes and I give the under side of the sides of the over-

page_text: lapping channel a similar, but upward, slant. The surfaces in contact are
therefore inclined planes and it will be readily understood that as the sides of
the channel are forced nearer to each other the shoes are pressed inwards towards
the centre of the wheel. In this way I am enabled to take up from time to
time some, if not all of the shrinkage which may take place in the rubber. Sce
Figs. 13 & 15 of the accompanying drawings.
If I find that the rubber has a tendency to displace longitudinally as the wheel
revolves, say when applied to a heavy vehicle such as a motor car or omnibus I
may stop it by incorporating with the rubber, cord, canvas, rope, wire rope
somewhat slender wire or other flexible but non-elongating material, or I may
do so more effectually by making the rim take the form of a series of boxes
partly filled with rubber secured upon the felly by screwing riveting or other-
wise see Fig. 16 & 16" of the accompanying drawings or the channel rim may
itself be formed into a series of boxes or chambers by fitting in at intervals
transverse plates or their equivalent in some instances wedge shaped extending
from side to side see Fig. 18 18" & 21 of the accompanying drawings. In all
the last named and hereinafter suitable holes would be made to allow of the
admission of the before named hydraulic tube, if used see H Fig. 16. The tyre
in these constructions becoming a series of buffers in appearance similar to Fig. 17
of the accompanying drawings.
These division plates may be secured in many mechanical ways. One way
is to make a wide saw-cut through the edges of the channel to the base inserting
the plate and riveting over the edges of same. The plates may be at intervals of
several shoes length or they may be so numerous that they box up each shoe and
isolate it from its neighbours. Or I may block up the ends of each shoe with
end plates and in this form it will resemble an inverted four sided box. If the
division plates in the channel extend upwards and the ends of the shoes extend
downwards no fore and aft space will be left through which the rubber can dis-
place. See Fig. 18 and 18" of the accompanying drawings.
A modification of my invention Fig. 19 and 19ª of the accompanying drawings
is where the underlying lips of the shoes are formed jutting out from the fore
and aft ends of the shoes J either alone, or in combination with such lips at
the longitudinal sides, and the transverse plates K dividing the channel into
sections are furnished with out turned top edges L which lie over those pro-
truding transverse lips. In this case a convenient method of manufacture is to
shape the division plate so that it terminates in a spindle M which is passed
through the base of the channel rim and if desired through the wood felly, in
either of which cases it can be secured by a nut or a transverse pin P. The
sides of this division plate may engage a wide saw cut formed across both sides
of the channel as described, or this may be dispensed with and the top of the
plate with the inturned top edges may be recessed in the top edges of the sides
of the channel to prevent fore and aft movement of the plates. It is obvious
that if the shoes are not furnished with underlying lips longitudinally there is
no point in giving the channel inturned top edges and the channel in this case
may be a plain one. The division plate constructed as above serves the dual
purpose of securing the shoes and rubber in the channel and also prevents the
fore and aft displacement of the rubber.
It is obvious from the foregoing that in lieu of using the division plate and its
controlling top edges in combination for the dual purpose. I may dispense with
the plate portion of the fastening see Figs. 20, 20, 20, 20º, of the accompanying
drawings, and use simply a transverse bar of metal sunk at its ends into the top
of the sides of the channel and held into place by the central pin attached per-
manently to it or the pin S may be simply a loose screw or bolt T passed through
the bar and screwed into the base of the channel or fastened with a nut on the
under side of it. There are several other mechanical ways in which these trans-
verse bars may be efficiently secured across the channel. Such for instance as a
bolt across the channel as at V.

page_text: It is further obvious that in lieu of employing plates with out turned top
edges a similar control over the ends of the shoes might be obtained by forming
the shoes with solid ends see Fig. 21 of the accompanying drawings containing
elongated vertical recesses W through which are passed transverse pins or bolts
or screws secured to the sides of the channel rim; and further in the cases where
the ends of the shoes are boxed up as described the boxing up end plates may be
produced as in Fig. 22 and 22ª 22b of the accompanying drawings till they extend
through recesses cut through the base of the channel and if desired through the
wood felly, where they can be secured in many mechanical ways. My invention
must be taken to cover both these modifications.
Further, inasmuch as each shoe is capable of being easily detached (when
only held down by the fore and aft ends) the internal beads and other as
described used to secure shoe and rubber into tight contact spoken of in the
early portion of this invention may be dispensed with, as any looseness of con-
tact can be so easily remedied by packing up the under or inner side of the
roof of the shoe. If after boxing up the rubber so that it cannot escape or dis-
place I find that extra resiliency is required I can in some forms obtain it by
forming the rubber pad under each shoe with one or more holes or hollows in it
at a convenient place into which the rubber can displace itself without extending
into an outside field.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
(1) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels. A channel rim with inturned top
edges engaging underlying lips formed upon short metallic armour shoes in
combination with longitudinal beads or projections protruding inwards from
the sides of the shoes as shown in Fig. 1.
(2) A combination similar to the above and in addition the furnishing of the
sides of the shoes with splays beyond the inward longitudinal projections as
shewn in Fig. 2.
(3) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels short metallic protective shoes each
furnished with a longitudinal fin or rib of metal terminating in a bulb or its
equivalent as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 or a plain fin as in Figs. 6 and 7. The
said shoe being used either alone or in combination with improvements claimed
in Claims 1 and 2.
(4) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels. The application of short metallic pro-
tective shoes clasped upon the rubber by inturned clasps or beads (with or with-
out the extended splays claimed in Claim 2) such clasps or beads taking a trans-
verse direction across the rubber as in Fig. 8. Alone or in combination with a
channel rim with inturned top edges engaging. excrescences protruding from
the sides of the fore and aft ends of the shoes as shown in Fig. 9.
(5) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels. A channel rim with inturned top
edges combined with internal longitudinal beads or equivalent as in Fig. 10.
(6) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels short metallic protective shoes with an
open side or equivalent as in Figs. 11 and 11, 11, 11°, and 12 used in com-
bination with my Patents 18030/92 and 21760/92.
(7) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels a combination similar to that in
Claim 1 but one side of the channel rim being itself a loose adjustable ring as
in Fig. 13 or containing a loose additional internal adjustable ring.
(8) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels a channel rim with inturned top
edges engaging the underlying lips of short metallic protective shoes in com-
bination with an adjustable metal ring. segments or similar about the base of
the channel together with adiusting bolts working through the base of the
channel rim, or through the felly also, as in Fig. 14.
(9) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels the insertion in the rubber of an

page_text: hydraulic tube for wedging purposes as described, the said tube being furnished
with inlet and outlet valves.
(10) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels a channel rim with inturned top
edges engaging the underlying lips of short metallic protective shoes in com-
bination with an hydraulic tube, alone or placed within the interior of the
rubber for taking up shrinkage and for wedging purposes as described. The
said tube being furnished with inlet and outlet valves.
(11) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels a channel rim so constructed that its
inturned top edges, are inclined planes in combination with short metallic pro-
tective shoes furnished with underlying lips which lips are also inclined planes,
as shown in Fig. 15° applicable also where one side of the channel rim is a loose
adjustable ring as in Fig. 13 or contains an additional loose adjustable ring.
(12) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels, a series of boxes secured upon the
felly of the wheel or a channel rim divided by transverse plates so forming same
into a series of boxes to contain a rubber pad in combination with inturned top
edges over lapping the underlying lips upon the metallic shoes alone or in com-
bination with the special shape of shoes and the adjusting and expanding con-
trivances herein described as in Figs. 16, 16 and 17, 18 and 18.
(13) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels a channel rim either plain or with in-
turned top edges. Metallic shoes with protruding lips at the fore and aft ends
lying under and engaging excrescences jutting out from the fore and aft top edges
of the division plates. The top edge of such plates, lying on, or being recessed
into, the top edges of the channel rim. The plate terminating in a spindle
passed through the base of the channel rim and secured by nut or pin as shewn
in Fig. 19 and 19" or in lieu of a plate as above a transverse bar or rod of metal
recessed at its ends into the top of the sides of the channel and secured by a central
pin, loose screw or bolt attached to or passed through the bar and screwed into
the base of the channel or fastened with a nut on the under side of it as shown
in Fig. 20, 20" 20 or an equivalent transverse bar or bolt as shown at V in
Figs. 20 and 20º.
(14) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels, a channel rim, metallic protective
shoes of inverted box shape the boxing up fore and aft end plates being pro-
duced and extending through recesses in the base of the channel and secured by
pins or otherwise passing through elongated recesses formed in the extended
end plates to allow of inward movement as shown in Figs. 22 and 22º.
(15) In a rubber tyre for vehicle wheels, a channel rim, metallic protective
shoes with solid ends or equivalent containing elongated recesses through which
are passed transverse pins or equivalent secured to the sides of the channel rim
as in Fig. 21.
Dated this 19th day of September 1800