Improvements in Combined Steam and Vapour Engines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left. 21st Sept., 1892-Accepted, 26th Nov., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Combined Steam and Vapour Engines.
IVC,
Dr. FRIEDRICH Otto CornelIUS ZIMMERMANN, of Ludwigshafen on the
Rhine, and ELIAS GOTTLIEB BEHREND, Engineer, of Welckerstrasse 6ª Hamburg,
both in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
Our invention relates to a motive power engine which is obtained by combining
a steam engine and a cold steam engine with. each other,.in such a manner that the
exhaust steam of the steam engine can be used for regenerating the exhaust steam
of the cold steam engine. Such a combination may therefore be designated by
"regenerative steam engine." In this case the form of the two steam engines' and
the form of the apparatus, which cause the exhaust steam from the cold steam to
be influenced by that from the steam engine, are optional, it is however expedient
to make both cylindrical and to provide that the cranks shall act upon the same
shaft at an angle of 90 degrees relatively to each other.
According to one method of carrying out our invention we arrange that
regeneration shall take place in a so-called counter-current apparatus having
zig-zag pipes.
We prefer to arrange the counter-current apparatus in two parts to one of
which the exhaust steam is conducted by a pipe from the cold steam cylinder
and is condensed therein in order to experience in the other part an increase
of tension by means of the exhaust steam conducted by a pipe from the steam
cylinder. In the two parts of the counter current regenerating apparatus are
arranged zig-zag pipes put in connection with each other, to one end of the same
being connected the cold exhaust steam adapted to be closed by a valve whilst
the exhaust steam conducted through the zig-zag pipe of the two parts is passed
through another valve and thence by a pipe to the cold-steam cylinder again;
water now is allowed to flow through the two parts in a direction opposite to
that of the cold exhaust steam which is in the zig-zag pipes. Thus water enters
the second part through a suitable pipe and leaves it again through another pipe.
In proximity to the point where the inflow pipe enters, exhaust steam is also
admitted so that the water flowing through the second part of the apparatus is
heated and the tension of the cold exhaust steam is again increased after the same
has been condensed in the first part by means of water at a. lower temperature,
admitted and discharged through the pipes hereinbefore mentioned.
We use a
pump in order to convey the cold exhaust steam from the zig-zag pipes in the first
part to those containing gas at a higher tension in the second part. In lieu of a
pump we sometimes use an injector.
The zig-zag pipes in the two parts may be divided into several compartments by
inserting return-valves.
In a modification of our invention the cold exhaust steam from the cylinder
passes through a coil of pipes part of which is under the action of cooler water
being included in one receptacle and part of which is to be heated by exhaust
steam and is included in a second receptacle. Between these two compartments of
the pipe is provided a pump having a suction pipe and delivery pipe.
In another arrangement the exhaust steam from the cold steam cylinder passes
to the coil of a receptacle to which cooling water is conducted by any suitable
means.
In this coil is contained an absorption liquid which passes together with the cold
exhaust steam sucked up into the suction pipe of a pump in order to pass through
the delivery pipe of the same into the coil of an evaporator. Water is caused to

page_text: flow around the said coil being admitted in any convenient manner and heated by
means of the exhaust steam coming from the steam cylinder so that a heating of the
coil in the evaporator takes place. The cold steam which becomes free again
passes for the purpose of being used again through a pipe into the cold steam
cylinder whilst the absorption liquid is conveyed by a second pump into the first
coil where it is used over again.
According to another modification we replace the receptacle having an
evaporating effect, of the second arrangement by one so constructed that the con-
densing action influences also the piston of the steam engine. For evaporating the
cold steam in this evaporator the steam is used directly inasmuch as it comes in
direct contact with the pipes which contain the condensed cold-steam. The
evaporator is constructed like a surface condenser for the steam, with an air
pump attached.
In lieu of the exhaust steam use may be made of the products of condensation of
an injecting condenser.
Dated this 22nd day of November 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Combined Steam and Vapour Engines.
We, Dr. FRIEDRICH OTTO CORNELIUS ZIMMERMANN, of Ludwigshafen on the
Rhine, and ELIAS GOTTLIEB BEHREND, Engineer of Welckerstrasse 6 Hamburg,
both in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to a motive power engine which is obtained by combining
a steam engine and an engine driven by the vapours of a fluid having a very low
boiling point, which we will hereinafter call a vapour engine, with each other, in
such a manner that the exhaust steam of the steam engine can be used for
regenerating the exhaust vapour of the vapour engine. Such a combination may
therefore be termed a regenerative steam engine.
In this case the form of the two steam engines and the form of the apparatus,
which causes the exhaust vapour from the vapour engine, to be influenced by that
from the steam engine, are optional, it is however expedient to make either one a
single cylinder engine and to arrange the cranks of the latter so as to act jointly
upon the same shaft at an angle of 90 degrees relatively to each other.
In the accompanying drawing, in which similar letters denote corresponding parts
throughout the several views,
Figure 1 is a top view of our regenerative steam engine, in which the regeneration
of the exhaust vapour of the vapour engine takes place in a so-called counter
current regenerating apparatus having zig-zag pipes, such as described in the
Specification of former British Patents No. 19098 dated November 27th 1889 and
No. 10400 dated June 18th 1891.
Figure 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a regenerative steam engine,
having a somewhat modified form of regenerating apparatus.
Figure 3 a plan of the same.
Figure 4 is a plan of our regenerative steam engine, illustrating the arrangement
of parts when an absorption apparatus instead of the said counter current
regenerating apparatus is employed, Fig. 1 and
Figure 5 a plan of our regenerative steam engine, partly in section, with another
modified form of the regenerating apparatus, Fig. 1.
In the two parts of the counter current regenerating apparatus, illustrated in
Fig. 1. are arranged zig-zag pipes a connected with each other and to one end of

page_text: hich is connected a pipe n of the vapour engine adapted to be closed by
whilst the exhaust vapour conducted through the zig-zag pipe of the two parts A.
nd B is passed through another valve and thence by a pipe m to the vapour
ylinder i again, water is now allowed to flow through the two parts A and B in a
lirection opposite to that of the exhaust vapour which is in the zig-zag pipes a.
Thus water enters the part B through a suitable pipe e and leaves it again through
another pipe f. In proximity to the point where the inflow pipe e enters exhaust
team from the engine W is also admitted through the pipe we so that the water
flowing through the part B of the regenerating apparatus is heated and the tension
of the exhaust steam or vapour within the pipes a is again increased after the same
has been condensed in the part A by means of water at a lower temperature,
admitted and discharged through the pipes el f¹ respectively.
In order to convey the exhaust vapour from the zig-zag pipes a in the part A
of the regenerating apparatus to those containing gas at a higher tension in the
part B we are accustoined to use a pump C or in lieu thereof an injector, which
inay be connected to the pipe system a through a suction pipe c° and a delivery
pipe c*.
The zig-zag pipes a in the two parts A and B may be divided into several
sections by inserting valves l.
In the modifications of our invention illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 the vapour from
the cylinder i passes through a coil of pipes a part of which is under the action of
cooler water being included in one receptacle A° and part of which is to be heated
by exhaust steam and is included in a second receptacle B°. Between these two
compartments of the pipe a' is provided a pump Chaving a suction pipe cº aud a
delivery pipe c*.
In conformity with the regenerative steam engine described with reference to
Fig. the cylinder of the steam engine is denoted by the letter W, the exhaust
steam pipe leading into the receptacle B° with w and the water supply and
discharge pipes of the receptacles A° and B are marked e f and ef respectively.
The vapour engine iis interposed into the pipe system a' by the admission pipe m
and the exhaust pipe n.
In the arrangeinent illustrated in Fig. 4. the exhaust vapour from the vapour
cylinder passes through the exhaust pipe n to the coil 31 of a receptacles to
which cooling water is conducted from a reservoir r through a piper. In this
5 coil is contained an absorption liquid, such as glycerine, a mineral oil or the like,
which passes together with the exhaust vapour into the suction pipe e of a pump E,
in order to pass through the delivery pipe ex of the same into the coil t' of an
evaporator . Water is caused to flow around the said coil t¹ being admitted
through the pipe from the reservoir and heated by means of the exhaust steam
0 coming from the steam cylinder W through a pipe w, so that a heating of the coil t¹
in the evaporator takes place. The vapour.which becomes free again passes for
the purpose of being used again through the pipe m into the vapour cylinder i
whilst the absorption liquid is conveyed by a second pump F having a suction
pipe and delivery pipe into the coil s¹ where it is used again.
45
"
According to the modification shown in Fig. 5. we replace the receptacle 13º,
Figs. 2 and 3 having an evaporating effect by the evaporator B* so constructed
that the condensing action caused in the latter influences also the piston of the
steam engine. For evaporating the condensed vapour in this evaporator the steam
is used directly inasmuch as it comes in direct contact with the pipes which contain
50 the condensed vapour. The evaporator is constructed like a surface condenser
for the steam, with an air pump H attached thereto.
7
The condenser A° into which the exhaust vapour is conducted through the pipe
from the cylinder i is preferably provided with a plurality of coils a*, while the
evaporator B is designed to have straight parallel pipes 6 as in ordinary surface
55 condensers. The pump C connected to the coils a' through the suction pipe
to the evaporator B* through the delivery pipe c* serves as an ordinary feed pum
for the condensed cold steam or vapour.
and

page_text: In lieu of the exhaust steam use may be made of the products of condensation of
an injecting condenser.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
what we claim is :-
1. A combined steam engine and engine driven by the vapours of a fluid of very
low boiling point substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In combination with the cylinder of a steam engine and that of an engine
driven by the vapours of a liquid of a very low boiling point, an evaporator and
condenser of the exhaust vapour and a feed pump for the same, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
3. The herein described combined steam and vapour engine, in combination with
an absorption apparatus s, a distilling apparatus and circulating pumps E, F,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The herein described combined steam and vapour engine, in combination with
à surface condenser and evaporator B* a condenser for the vapour exhausted from
the cylinder of the vapour engine and a feed pump C, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
Dated this 21st day of September 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.