IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AUGERS, AND IN THE TOOLS OR INSTRUMENTS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AUGERS, AND
IN THE TOOLS OR INSTRUMENTS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE."-A
communication from abroad by Russell Jennings, of Deep River, in
the State of Connecticut, United States of America.
Sealed the 8th May 1866, and dated the 4th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th January 1866.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
AUGERS, AND IN THE TOOLS OR INSTRUMENTS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in swaging or forming the heads
of augers, and consists in a novel kind of die and mould and the manner of
operating the die.
This Invention also relates to an improved mode of swaging the ends
of the blanks of augers preparatory to forming the heads thereon.

page_text: The object of this part of the Invention is to swage the ends of the
blanks in such a form that the heads or cutting ends of the auger may be
subsequently made or produced without welding any portions thereto, the
metal being so disposed or distributed by the swaging as to admit of the
spur or pintle, lips, and cutting edges of the auger being all produced at
one operation.
'This Invention further relates to an improved tool or implement for
finishing the heads or cutting portions of augers, and consists of a rotary
wheel or burr of a peculiar shape, as herein-after described, whereby the
workman is enabled to apply the auger to the wheel or burr and to mani-
pulate the former so that all parts of its cutting portion necessary to be
operated upon may be brought in contact with the tool and the work
performed in an expeditious and perfect manner.
The bed of the machine consists of two horizontal bars, which are sup-
ported at a suitable height by legs. To each side of the bed there are
secured uprights, the upper ends of which are connected by a cross piece.
Between the upper parts of these uprights there are secured bearings, in
which a shaft is fitted horizontally, and has a crank or excentric upon it, to
which a rod is connected, and on the lower end of this rod a.die is formed.
On one end of the shaft there is placed loosely a wheel having two pins
projecting from its inner side, and there is also another wheel on a square
portion on the shaft, so that it may slide thereon, and at the same time
whenever turned it will communicate motion to the shaft... The wheel has
.a projection on its side which faces the first wheel, the projection being at
the edge of the wheel and having one end bevilled, and from the opposite
side of the wheel a pin projects. A bar extends across the face of the
wheel and has its end bent inward and inclined to form a lip. A horizontal
sliding rod is fitted in bearings attached to the uprights, and is connected
at its outer end to a pendent lever. On the outer end of the driving
shaft there is keyed a wheel having a notch in its periphery against which
a flat spring bears. The mould or female die is composed of two parts,
one of which is fixed, and the other is allowed to move and is operated by
a toggle joint connected at its lower end to a lever, one end of which is
secured to one of the legs or supports of the bed, and the other end is
connected to the lower end of a vertical rod which passes up through a
guide attached to one of the uprights. By raising the vertical rod the
toggle will draw back the movable part of the mould or female die. The
twist is given the auger, and its end on which the head or cutting portion
is to be swaged or formed is struck up in proper shape prior to the auger

page_text: being fitted in the die. The parts of the die are formed with a female
screw which grasps the screw formed by the twist of the auger, and when
the movable part is closed against the fixed part the auger is retained firmly
in position, the end of the auger above its twist being in a cylindrical part
of the mould or die. The heading die is formed of a cylinder equal in
diameter to the interior of the upper part of the mould in which it works,
and is provided with a central hole to receive the pintle or spur of the
auger head.
A recess at opposite points in its side forms the lips of the
auger head, and its face is recessed to form projecting edges tangential
with the pintle or spur on which cutting edges are formed to take out the
wood when the auger is at work.
The ends of the auger are prepared so that the heads may be swaged
on them. The dies are made in two metal blocks, each of which has three
dies sunk in it. These dies have a sunken portion to form the pintle or
spur and another sunken portion at each side of the central part. The
dies of the two blocks are precisely alike, but they may vary in size with
respect to pairs in order to make augers of different sizes. Thick portions
of metal are formed at the sides of the blank, and a proper portion of metal
allowed for the pintle or spur. The thick portions admit of the lips and
cutting edges of the auger commonly termed the head being swaged at
one operation. Thus by swaging the end of the blank so that the metal
will be disposed or distributed at the proper parts the head of the auger
may be formed or swaged at one operation and out of one and the same
piece of metal, so that all welding is avoided and a great saving of time
effected in the manufacture of augers.
The heads after being swaged into proper form are finished by means
of a wheel which is fitted upon a suitable shaft or mandril. One side of
this wheel at its edge is bevilled and is corrugated radially so as to form a
series of cutters. The extreme edge of the wheel is rounded and the
cutters extend around this edge, forming a semicircular cutting surface.
The opposite side of the wheel is made concave and recedes inward or
towards the centre of the wheel from the ends of the semicircular portions
of the cutters. By this arrangement a cutting surface is given the wheel
by which the head of the auger may be finished expeditiously in a perfect:
manner, as the cutters conform to the shape of the auger with which they
are brought in contact.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office"
on the 4th July 1866.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special licence that I, the
said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF AUGERS, AND IN THE TOOLS OR INSTRUMENTS TO BE USED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURE," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
mature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :
This Invention relates to improvements in swaging or forming the heads.
of augers, and consists in a novel kind of die and mould, and the manner
of operating the die, as herein-after fully shewn and described, whereby
the desired work may be performed in a very rapid manner and with great
perfectness.

page_text: This Invention also relates to an improved mode of swaging the ends of
the blanks of augers preparatory to forming the heads thereon.. The object
of this part of the Invention is to swage the ends of the blanks in such a
form that the heads or cutting ends of the auger may be subsequently
made or produced without welding any portions thereto, the metal being
so disposed or distributed by the swaging as to admit of the spur or pintle,
lips, and cutting edges of the auger being all produced at one operation.
This Invention further relates to an improved tool or implement for
finishing the heads or cutting portions of augers, and consists of a rotary
wheel or burr of a peculiar shape,.as herein-after fully shewn and described,
whereby the workman is enabled to apply the auger to the wheel or burr
and to manipulate the former in such a manner that all parts of its cutting
portion necessary to be operated upon may be brought in contact with. the
tool and the work performed in an expeditious and perfect manner.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. I is a front view of the Invention
Fig. 2, a transverse vertical section of the same taken in the line x, a,
Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a plan or top view of an auger head formed or swaged
according to the Invention; Fig. 4, a face view of the die used for forming
or swaging the head; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the dies employed
for forming, the ends of the auger blanks; x, x, Fig. 6, indicate the line of
section; Fig. 6. is a plan or top view of the lower die; Fig. 7, a transverse
vertical section of Fig. 5 taken in the line y, 3, Fig. 6; Fig. 8. is a side
view of the tool employed for finishing the auger heads; Fig. 9, a section
of the same taken in the line x, x, Fig. 8.
A, A, represent two horizontal bars which constitute the bed of the
machine. This bed is supported at a suitable height by legs a, a, and to
each side of the bed there are secured uprights b, the upper ends of which
are connected by a cross piece c. Between the upper parts of these
uprights there are secured bearings d in which a shaft B is fitted hori-
zontally, and has a crank or excentric upon it to which a rod C is connected.
The latter has a rod e connected to it by a joint f, as shewn in Fig. 2.
The
lower end of this rod e has a die D formed on it. On one end of the
shaft B there is placed loosely a wheel E having two pins g, g, projecting
from its inner side, and there is also placed on the shaft another wheel F.
The latter is mounted on a square portion on the shaft so that it may
slide thereon, and at the same time whenever it is turned it will communi-
cate motion to the shaft. The wheel F has a projection i on its side which
faces the first wheel E. This projection is at the edge of the wheel F and
has one end bevilled as shewn in Fig. 1, and from the opposite side of the

page_text: wheel a pin projects. A bar G extends across the face of the wheel F
and has its end bent inward and inclined to form a lip a* for the projection i
of the wheel F to come in contact with, as will be herein-after explained.
A horizontal sliding rod His fitted in bearings: attached to the uprights b,
and is connected at its outer end to a pendent lever I, as shewn in Fig. 1.
On the outer end of the driving shaft B there is keyed a wheel J having a
notch in its periphery, and K is a spring attached to one of the uprights b
and having its free, or disengaged end bearing against the periphery of the
wheel J. The mould or female die L is composed of two parts 1, P, one
part being fixed or stationary, and the other part being allowed to move
or slide freely. This part is operated by a toggle M, the joint of which
has a pendant N attached, which extends down between the bars A, A, of
the bed and is connected at its lower end to a lever O, one end of which
is secured by a joint m to one of the legs or supports a of the bed. The
other end is connected by a joint to the lower end of a vertical rod P
which passes up through a guide n attached to one of the uprights b. By
raising the rod P the toggle M will be actuated to draw back the moveable
part of the mould or female die L, as shewn in red in Fig. 1. The
die L receives the auger to be operated upon. The twist is given the
auger, and its end on which the head or cutting portion is to be swaged or
formed is struck up in proper shape prior to the auger being fitted in the
die L between the two parts 1, 11, thereof. These parts of the die are
formed with a female screw which grasps the screw formed by the twist of
the auger, and when the moveable part is closed against the fixed part
the auger is retained firmly in position, the end o of the auger above its
twist being in a cylindrical part of the mould or die L (see Fig. 2). The
heading die D may be described as formed of a cylinder equal in diameter
to the interior of the upper part of the mould L in which it works, and is
provided with a central hole p to receive the pintle or spur r of the auger
head. A recess s at opposite points in its side forms the lips t, t, of the
auger head, and its face is recessed, as shewn at u, u, to form projecting
edges v, v, tangential with the pintle or spur, on which cutting edges are
formed to take out the wood when the auger is at work within the circular
cut made by the lips t, t, (see Figures 3 and 4). The operation is as
follows: The wheel E during the operation of the machine has a con-
tinuous rotary motion, and the operator by raising the rod D throws back
the part of the die L, and then inserts an auger between the parts 1, 1,
the auger being properly heated. The rod D is then shoved down and
the part closed against the part 1, the auger being firmly secured within
เ

page_text: the mould or die. The lever I is then actuated so that the rod H will bear
against the wheel F and move it towards the other wheel E, until one of
the pins g of the wheel will come in contact with the projection į of the
wheel F, when the latter is turned and with it the shaft B, and the rod C
forced down and consequently the heading die D, the latter acting upon
the auger and forming or swaging the head thereon. The work is done
with one revolution only of the shaft B, the bevilled end of the projection i
at the termination of the revolution of the wheel F coming in contact with
the inclined lip a*, which causes the wheel F to be moved from the wheel E,
and its projection i thrown out of the reach of the pins g of the wheel E,
the pinj of the wheel F coming in contact with a shoulder 6* on the cross
piece c to prevent a further movement of the wheel F by its momentum,
and the spring K engaging with notch to prevent any back lash or back
movement of the shaft B. The rod P is then raised and the die L opened,
the auger is removed and another one is placed in the die, the latter closed,
and the lever I actuated to throw the wheel F towards the driving wheel E,
the pins g, g, of which come in contact with the projection of wheel F,
and the succeeding auger is headed as the previous one. By this device.
augers may be headed or have their cutting edges formed on them with
great rapidity and in a perfect manner.
There is no welding of parts
together to form the cutting edges of the head, the latter being swaged
from a single piece of metal which forms the end of the screw or twist of
the auger. The ends of the auger are prepared so that the heads may be
swaged on them as described by the following means:-The dies are made
in two metal blocks A, A, Figures 5, 6, and 7, each of which has three
dies B¹ sunk in it. These dies have a sunken portion a to form the portion
for the pintle or spur, and they have also another sunken portion b at each
side of the inner part of the portion a; the space between the sunken
portions b, b, being more or less varied as may be required. The dies of
the two blocks are precisely alike, but they may vary in size with respect
to pairs in order to make augers of different sizes. In consequence of
having the dies constructed as shewn thick portions of metal are formed at
the sides of the blank, as shewn at c, c, Fig. 1, and a proper portion of
metal is allowed for the pintle or spur. The thick portions c, c, admit of
the lips and cutting edges of the auger, commonly termed the head, being
swaged at one operation and without adding any metal, welding being
entirely avoided. This is an important feature, for where metal is added
to the blank in order to form the cutting edges or head of the auger a weld
joint is necessarily formed, and these are frequently very imperfect. Thus

page_text: by swaging the end of the blank so that the metal will be disposed or
distributed at the proper parts, the head of the auger may be formed or
swaged at one operation, and out of one and the same piece of metal, so
that all welding is avoided and a great saving of time effected in the manu-
facture of augers. The heads after being swaged into proper form are
finished in the following manner :-A, Figures 8 and 9, represents a wheel
which is fitted upon a suitable shaft or mandril. One side of this wheel at
its edge is bevilled, as shewn at a, and is corrugated radially so as to form
a series of cutters b. The extreme edge of the wheel A" is rounded, and
the cutters 6 extend around this edge, forming a semicircular cutting sur-
face, as shewn clearly in Fig. 2. The opposite side of the wheel A" is
made concave, as shewn at c, this side gradually, receding inwards or
towards the centre of the wheel from the ends of the semicircular portions
of the cutters b. By this arrangement a cutting surface is given the
wheel A" by which the head of the auger may be finished in a perfect
manner and very expeditiously, as the cutters b conform precisely to the
shape of the portion of the auger with which they are brought in contact.
The head of a screw auger is shewn in red in Fig. 2, and it will be seen
that the cutting portion of the wheel will fit snugly in the part underneath
the cutting edges d, and will operate from the base of the spur e to the
outer ends of d, leaving a clean, smooth, and open throat, and admitting,
under a proper manipulation of the operator, of the form of the screw being.
perfectly preserved. In practice.it is intended to have the spur e of the
auger fitted in an opening in a proper fixture above the wheel A" to serve
as a bearing, so that the operator may grasp the shank of the auger and by
moving the former in either direction bring all parts of the cutting edges
of the auger in contact with the cutting surface of the wheel. The shape
of the cutting surface of the wheel A" is admirably adapted for performing
the work designed for it, admitting of the surface operating efficiently
upon all
parts of the auger. in the vicinity of its cutting parts, and doing the
work very rapidly.
Having now described the Invention that has been communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, and having explained the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent as aforesaid,-
First, the heading or forming of the cutting edges on a screw auger at
one operation by means of a die and a mould or female die, and without
the process of welding or uniting any parts to form the head or cutting
edges, as set forth.

page_text: Second, operating the heading die D from a continually rotating driving
wheel through the medium of the loose driving wheel E provided with the
pins g, the sliding wheel F placed on a square on the shaft B and provided
with the projection i bevilled at one end in connection with the sliding
rod H and the fixed inclined lip a*, as set forth.
Third, the wheel J on the shaft B provided with a notch / in connection
with the spring K, arranged as shewn to prevent a back movement of the
shaft B at the termination of its forward movement.
Fourth, operating or adjusting the sliding part of the mould or female
die L through the medium of the toggle M, pendant N, and the lever O
with the rod P, as described.
Fifth, the combination of the heading die D, mould or female die L,
toggle M, and driving shaft B, may at the will of the operator be con-
nected with and disconnected from the continually rotating driving wheel E,
as described.
Sixth, the swaging of the ends of auger blanks so as to have thick
masses or portions c, c, at the sides thereof, with a central thick portion for
the pintle or spur, as described, for the purpose of enabling the heads of
augers to be formed or swaged at one operation and out of a single piece
of metal so as to avoid all welding and joining of parts, as set forth.
Seventh, a rotary wheel or burr having a bevilled surface at one side and
a semicircular edge or periphery corrugated to form a series of cutters b,
which have a radial or nearly radial position and extend from the inner
edge to the outer edge of the same and entirely around the semicircular
periphery of the wheel, in combination with the concave surface c at the
opposite side of the wheel, as and for the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
NEWTON