AN IMPROVED METHOD OF LAYING ASPHALTE ROADS PAVEMENTS ROOFS, AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, MALCOLM MACLEOD, Engineer &c. 66 Deansgate, Manchester, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF LAYING ASPHALTE
ROADS PAVEMENTS ROOFS, AND OTHER SURFACES to be as follows:-
I first lay the foundation, of say British or other soft asphaltic composition and
compress into its surface granite, gravel or any similar material for which the said
foundation and the asphalte surface to be laid have an affinity. The heat of the
harder is thus prevented from causing the softer asphalte to melt & to float into and
through and otherwise injure the harder asphalte surface, which is then laid upon the
foundation so prepared. The broken granite or similar material thus placed forms
a "key" for both asphaltes. Hard asphalte laid in this way will not be liable to
fracture or blister, and in the case of pavements the foundations will become
consolidated enough to endure hard wear before the surface of the harder asphalte
has worn away.
Roadways can be laid with rougher surface than is usual with hard asphalte
surfaces and the keying material may be allowed to form part of or come near to
the surface.
MALCOLM MACLEOD,

page_text: I, MALCOLM MACLEOD of 66 Deansgate, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer &c. do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for " AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF LAYING ASPHALTE ROADS PAVEMENTS, ROOFS AND OTHER SURFACES,"
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
It consists in laying between two asphaltes of different melting temperatures, a
layer of limestone, granite, gravel, or other similar material for which both asphaltes
have a greater or less affinity.
I am enabled by this means to lay a bed of asphalte of a low melting temperature,
beneath a bed or surface of higher melting temperature, the intermediate layer of
limestone, granite, gravel, or other similar material, preventing the high temperature
of the upper and harder asphalte from melting and so mixing itself with the lower
or softer asphalte.
I have several methods of carrying out my invention but prefer the following as
the best:-
I prepare a sufficient quantity of say British Asphalte composed of Pitch and Oil,
in the usual way, this varnish when sufficiently prepared,
limestone, (by preference, but can use any hard material).
pour over broken
This I spread over the surface it is intended to cover with asphalte, and compress
it by rolling or ramming. Over this surface I spread a layer of limestone, granite,
gravel, or other suitable material, of about say an inch in diameter This I rain
into the rolled surface, and pass over all a heavy roller, until the limestone, granite,
gravel, or other suitable material, is forced into the foundation to about half its
thickness, and the whole is thoroughly compressed.
I then remove any loose limestone, or other material.
Upon the foundation thus prepared, I lay a bed or surface of Rock or other hard
asphalte, prepared in the usual way.
The layer of limestone, or other material, now prevents the floating oils or other
substances; of the softer or lower asphalte from rising into the Rock or other hard
asphalte, and absorbs them partly into itself. The hot Rock or other hard asphalte
readily adheres to the limestone, granite, or other intermediate material, and the
whole forms a homogeneous mass, the intermediate layer of limestone, or other
suitable material acting as a key to connect the two asphaltes.
In the case of roadways where a safer hold for horses is desired, I lay the
foundation in the way described for pavements, but prefer to put down the hard
asphalte in two layers viz:-After the keying layer of limestone or other material
is laid, I cover it with a layer of hot Rock Asphalte, and upon it spread evenly
pieces of stone, or other similar material, and compress them into the hard asphalte,
while it is hot, so that their upper surfaces are level with the completed height of
the roadway. I then fill in the spaces between the stones with Hot Rock or other
hard asphalte and compress the whole firmly. A safer footing is thus provided for
horses.

page_text: The intermediate layer of limestone, granite or other suitable material, I prefer
in most cases to use dry, but can use it more or less impregnated to suit particular
kinds of asphalte.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st The method of uniting two asphaltes of different melting temperatures
together without mixing, by means of an intermediate layer of limestone, granite,
gravel, or other similar suitable material, substantially as described herein before.
2nd The methods or manner of laying the same, substantially as described
herein before, for the purpose set forth.
...
ليمي
1
JOHN HENRY TOPHAM,
Agent for Applicant.