IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPLITTING OR BREAKING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Simon of 7 St Peters Square Manchester in the
County of Lancaster for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SPLITTING OR BREAKING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN" communicated to him
from Abroad by Heinrich Seck of Dresden in the German Empire
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Simon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1883.
HENRY SIMON of 7 St Peters Square Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPLITTING OR BREAKING WHEAT AND OTHER
GRAIN [communicated to him from Abroad by Heinrich Seck of Dresden in the
German Empire]
"
This Invention has more particularly for its object to effect the splitting or
breaking of wheat along the crease of the grain in order to facilitate the removal of
the dirt and germ therefrom.
For this purpose, a machine is constructed consisting of two rollers or cylinders,
one of which is by preference of larger diameter than the other and is provided
with grooves running either parallel with the axis or more or less at an angle
thereto. The grooves are of such a shape and size as to allow the grain to lie
longitudinally in the groove but projecting to a certain extent above it. The
smaller roller is provided with sharp corrugations or teeth having cutting edges,
and is by preference made to revolve at a quicker speed than the larger roller, this
being made to revolve at such a moderate speed that the grain cannot be thrown
out of the grooves by centrifugal force, and the smaller roller is so placed that as
the large roller in revolving brings the grain situated in its grooves under the
corrugated or toothed roller the sharp edges of the latter take hold of the protruding
part of each grain, thereby splitting or breaking them, such splitting or breaking
being mostly effected so as to divide the grain into two halves along its crease.
.

page_text: The grain is fed on to the large roller from a hopper at some distance from the
small roller, and between the two a cloth of any suitable material such as india
rubber cloth is laid over the large roller so that the grain passes with the roller
underneath the cloth. The latter is attached at one end to a lath or rod to which,
and consequently to the cloth, is imparted a slight to and fro motion in the direction
of the axis of the roller, the effect being to bring the grain into the before
mentioned longitudinal position in the grooves of the roller before passing under
the splitting roller as described.
Although the above described machine is more particularly applicable for splitting
or breaking wheat, yet it may also be used for operating in like manner upon
other grain

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Simon in the Patent Office on the 21st February 1884.
HENRY SIMON of 7 St Peters Square Manchester in the County of Lancaster
'IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPLITTING OR BREAKING WHEAT AND OTHER
GRAIN A communication to me from Abroad' by Heinrich Seck of Dresden.in
the German Empire.
"
This invention has more particularly for its object to effect the splitting or
breaking of wheat along the crease of the grain in order to facilitate the removal
of the dirt and germ therefrom.
For this purpose, a machine is constructed consisting of two rollers or cylinders,
one of which is by preference of larger diameter than the other and is provided
with grooves running either parallel with the axis or more or less at an angle
thereto. The grooves are of such a shape and size as to allow the grain to lie
longitudinally in the groove but projecting to a certain extent above it. The
smaller roller is provided with sharp corrugations or teeth having cutting edges,
and is by preference made to revolve at a quicker speed than the larger roller, this
being made to revolve at such a moderate speed that the grain cannot be thrown
out of the grooves by centrifugal force, and the smaller roller is so placed that, as
the large roller, in revolving, brings the grain situated in its grooves under the
corrugated toothed roller, the sharp edges of the latter take hold of the protruding
part of each grain, thereby splitting or breaking them, such splitting or breaking
being mostly effected so as to divide the grain into two halves along its crease.
The grain is fed on to the large roller from a hopper at some distance from the
small roller, and between the two a cloth of any suitable material, such as india
rubber cloth, is laid over the large roller so that the grain passes with the roller
underneath the cloth. The latter is attached at one end to a lath or rod, to which,
and consequently to the cloth, is imparted a slight to and fro motion in the
direction of the axis of the roller, the effect being to bring the grain into the before
mentioned longitudinal position in the grooves of the roller before passing under
the splitting roller as described.
Although the above described machine is more particularly applicable for splitting
or breaking wheat, yet it may also be used for operating in like manner upon
other grain.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shews a side elevation of a machine for
splitting grain, operating according to the above described invention; Fig. 2 shews
a plan; Fig. 3 shews a part full size section of the operating cylinders or rollers,
and Fig. 4 shews a part plan of some of the grooves of cylinder A. The cylinder A,
driven at a moderate speed in the direction of the arrow by the pulley or gearing B,
has longitudinal grooves a a formed in its periphery by preference of the form
shewn at Figs. 3 and 4, namely of such a depth and width as to cause the grain,
when lying longitudinally therein to project about half its diameter out of them,
and they are also by preference formed with a sharp edge at a¹. The smaller
cylinder or roller C, which is driven at a quicker speed than A, and in the contrary
direction thereto by the pulley D, has sharp longitudinal serrations or teeth cc of
about the same width as the grooves a so that each tooth can operate separately
on a row of grain lying in one of the grooves of A. The roller C is so arranged
that, in revolving, its teeth move closely past the edges a¹ of the grooves a, thus
producing with the latter a cutting or shearing action, whereby the part of the
grain protruding beyond the groove a is split, cut or sheared off from the part
lying in the groove. By this means the grain is mostly split longitudinally through

page_text: its crease as before described. The roller C is mounted upon a lever I laving
adjustable spring action, so as to regulate the exact position of the roller. The
grain is fed in regulated quantities on to the cylinder A from the hopper E by
means of the feed roller E driven by pullics or gearing from the shaft of cylinder A,
the grain being delivered on to the cylinder at a point X, which is at some distance
from the centre line of the cylinder, so that the grain has to be carried up a certain
distance before passing down towards the cutting roller C. By this arrangement,
that portion of the grain which, in passing on to the cylinder, does not at once
assume the desired longitudinal position in its grooves, in being carried upward,
will tend to roll down on the cylinder again and will thus mostly assume the
required longitudinal position, facilitating the entrance thereof into the grooves.
This position is finally insured by the action of the cloth F, attached with its one
edge to a bar G, and lying upon the cylinder A in the direction towards the cutting
roller C. A slight to and fro motion in the direction of the cylinder's axis is
imparted to the bar G and consequently to the cloth by means of a cam groove H
on the axis of E¹, whereby the grain carried underneath the cloth by the cylinder
is effectually brought into the required longitudinal position in the grooves, as
indicated at Fig. 4, so that when it is brought under the action of the roller C, it
is split longitudinally as above described.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
claim
First In machinery for splitting wheat and other grain, the use of a grooved
cylinder constructed and operating in combination with a toothed or serrated
cylinder or roller in such manner that the grain, in lying in a longitudinal direction
in the grooves of the cylinder, projects partly out of the same, and in this position
is split, cut or sheared by the combined action of the toothed cylinder and the edge
of the groove in which it lies, substantially as herein described.
Second. In machinery for splitting grain operating as set forth in the preceding
claim, causing the grain, when being carried by the grooved cylinder towards the
toothed roller, to pass underneath a cloth by means of which it is brought into
the required longitudinal position in the grooves substantially as herein described.
Third. The construction of machinery for splitting grain arranged and operating
as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In Witness whereof I the said Henry Simon have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Sixteenth. day of February in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty-four.
THRAD V móv