IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NUTS FOR BOLTS & THE LIKE
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, WILLIAM PATRICK KELLY, Lieutenant in the Reserve of Officers, Justice of
the Peace, of Mount Brandon, near Graigue, in the County of Carlow, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF NUTS FOR BOLTS & THE LIKE to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the construction of nuts for bolts, in such a manner as to
enable the said nuts to be screwed on, or screwed off, the said bolts by the
application of a cold chisel, when necessary, without thereby injuring the nuts.
In carrying out my invention, I make one, or more, shallow narrow grooves, in.
each face of the nut, the said grooves extending down, or partly down, the face of
the nut. In some cases, I make one or more notches, in the upper edge of each.
face of the nut.-In using the nut, the edge of the cold chisel fits into the grooves,
or notches, on the face, or edge, of the nut; & the nut can then, with the aid of a
hammer, be driven around, on the bolt without injury to the nut.
WM PATRICK KELLY,
Lieutenant, Reserve of Officers,
Justice of the Peace for County Carlow,
and County Kilkenny.
I, WILLIAM PATRICK KELLY, of Mount Brandon, near Graigue, in the County of
Carlow, Lieutenant in the Reserve of Officers, Justice of the Peace for the Counties
of Carlow & Kilkenny-do hereby declare the nature of my invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN NUTS INTENDED FOR USE WITH MACHINERY and in what,
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement:—
My invention relates to an improvement in the construction of nuts for,
machinery, whereby the said nuts can be fastened, or unfastened, by means of a
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page_text: hammer & a cold chisel or similar tool, without the aid of a spanner, & without
injuring the nut.
I now proceed to describe the nature of my invention, & in what manner the
same is to be performed, by the aid of the accompanying drawings...
はい
In carrying out my invention, I make, in some cases, a groove, or grooves, down
the faces of the sides of the nut.-In some cases, I make one groove on each side,
as shown in figures 1, 2, 3, & 4.-In other cases, I make two grooves on each side
of the nut, as shown in figures 5, 6, 7, & 8.-And in other cases, I make one
groove, or two grooves, on each alternate side of the nut, as shown in figures 9, 10,
& 11. In some cases, I make the grooves extend completely down the sides of the
nut, as shown in figures 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, & 11;-in other cases, I make the
grooves extend only partly down the sides of the nut, as shown in figures 1 & 2 ;-
& in other cases, I make the grooves in the upper & lower portions of the sides of
the nut, leaving the middle portions of. said sides untouched.-In some cases,
I make the grooves of a trapezoidal form in horizontal section, as shown in
figures 1, 2, 3, 4, & 9;-in other cases, I make the grooves of a triangular form, as
in figures 5, 6, 7, 8, & 10; while in other cases, I make them of a semi-circular
or semi-oval form, as in figure 11.-The consideration which governs the size
& shape of the grooves is this:-that when a cold chisel or similar tool is used to
fasten or unfasten the nut by aid of the grooves & with the assistance of a
hammer, the direction of the force employed shall be, as nearly as possible,
tangential to the nut, that is, at right angles to a radius of the nut.-This is
effected by making, as far as practicable, the driving sides of the grooves portions
of radii of the nut; & by making the grooves of such width, that the line drawn
from the outer edge of one side of a groove to the inner edge of the other side of
the groove, shall be, as nearly as possible, at right angles to a radius of the nut; as
is shown in figures 2 & 7..
By placing the edge of a blunt cold chisel or similar implement against the
driving side of the groove, & striking the other end of the implement with a
hammer, the nut can fastened, or unfastened, without the aid of a spanner,
& without injuring the nut.
'
In some other cases, instead of making a groove, or grooves, down the sides of
the nut, as hereinbefore described, I make a notch, or notches, on the upper edge
of each side, or of each alternate side, of the nut, as shown in figures 12, 13, 14,
& 15. In some cases, I make but one notch on each side, or each alternate side,
of the nut, as shown in figures 14 & 15;-in other cases, I make two notches, as
shown in figures 12 & 13. In all cases, I make the driving sides of the notches
portions of radii of the nut, so that the direction of the force applied to fasten or
unfasten the nut shall be, as nearly as possible, tangential to the nut.-By placing
the edge of a blunt cold chisel or similar tool against the driving side of the notch,
& striking the other end of the chisel with a hammer, the nut can be fastened, or
unfastened, without the aid of a spanner, & without injuring the nut.
Again, instead of making grooves in the faces, or notches in the edges, of the sides
of the nut, as bereinbefore described, I make grooves across the upper surface of
the nut, as shown in figures 16, 17, & 18.-In some cases, I make the grooves run
from the middle points of the sides towards the centre of the nut, as shown in
figures 16 & 17, the latter figure being a plan of the former; in other cases I make
the grooves run from the angles of the nut, as in figure 18.-In some cases, I make
the grooves run from each side, or angle, of the nut;-in other cases, I make them
run from each alternate side or angle.-In some cases, I make these grooves of a
trapezoidal form in vertical section, as in figures 16, 17, & 18;-in other cases,
I make them of a triangular, semicircular, or semi-oval form. By placing the edge
of a blunt cold chisel or similar tool against the driving side of the notch, the nut
can be fastened, or unfastened, by means of a hammer, & without the aid of a
spanner, & without injuring the nut.
My invention is intended to be applied to all nuts used in machinery, but more
especially to those used with agricultural machines. In using these machines, it

page_text: often happens that the operations in the field are brought to a temporary standstill,
owing to the accidental loosening of a nut, & the loss or absence of a spanner.-In
such a case, by means of my invention herein before described, the nut can be at
once refastened, by aid of a linchpin from a cart, or a strong nail, or any similar
implement; while, at the same time, the presence of the grooves, or notches, on the
nut, does not prevent the use of a spanner, when such is procurable.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said
invention, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The construction & use of a groove, or grooves, made in the face of each side,
or of each alternate side of any nut intended for use with machinery, by means of
which the said nut can be fastened, or unfastened, by the aid of a hammer & a cold
chisel or other similar tool, without using a spanner, & without injuring the nut ;-
the said grooves being one or two in number on each side, or each alternate side,
of the nut;-& extending wholly, or partly, down the face of the side of the
nut; & being of a trapezoidal, triangular, semicircular, or semi-oval form in
horizontal section; & being of such a width & depth that the direction of the force
applied, through them, to fasten or unfasten the nut, shall be, as far as practicable,
at right angles to a radius of the nut; substantially as herein before described,
& illustrated in the accompanying drawings, figures 1 to 11 inclusive.
2. The construction & use of a notch, or notches, made in the upper edge of
each side, or of each alternate side, of any nut intended for use with machinery,
by means of which the said nut can be fastened or unfastened, by the aid of a
hammer & a cold chisel or other similar tool, without using a spanner, & without
injuring the nut ;-the said notches being one, or two, in number, on the edge of
each side, or of each alternate side of the nut;-& the sides, or driving sides, of
such notches forming portions of radii of the nut; substantially as hereinbefore
described, & illustrated in the accompanying drawings, figures 12 to 15 inclusive.
3. The construction & use of grooves made in the upper surface of any nut
intended for use with machinery, by means of which the said nut can be fastened,
or unfastened, by the aid of a hammer & a cold chisel or other similar tool,
without using a spanner, & without injuring the nut; the said grooves running
from the middle of each side, or of each alternate side, or from each angle, or each
alternate angle, of the nut; & being directed towards the centre of the nut ;-& the
said grooves being of a trapezoidal, triangular, semicircular, or semi-oval form in
vertical section; substantially as herein before described, & illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, figures 16 to 18 inclusive.