IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF RESINS OR RESINOUS GUMS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREFROM
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Walton, of Staines, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
RESINS OR RESINOUS GUMS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCTS
OBTAINED THEREFROM."
Sealed the 2nd February 1869, and dated the 8th August 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Walton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th August 1868.
I, FREDERICK WALTON, of Staines, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATMENT OF RESINS OR RESINOUS GUMS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE
PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of
resins or resinous gums and in the application thereof.
I have discovered that certain resins, or as they are commercially
called gums, are acted upon by castor oil when fused therewith by heat

page_text: and that the combination so produced can be applied to various useful
purposes, and more particularly when combined with oxidized or
solidified oils produced according to a Patent granted me in 1860,
No. 209, entitled "Improvements in the Manufacture of Varnish, and
in Treating Oils and in the Application of Products obtained therefrom."
In order to produce this improved product I fuse or melt gum kourie or
New Zealand gum in a steam or other heated pan, preferring the former,
and when the gum becomes fluid or semi-fluid I add thereto about to
the weight of castor oil according as I wish to have the product more
or less soft and plastic, preferring for most purposes the proportion of
3rd castor oil to 3rds of gum. During the time of combination the two
substances are well stirred by an armed stirrer until the two are in-
timately combined. The result is a semi-elastic and plastic material
capable of being rolled into sheets or spread on to fabric for water-
proofing and other purposes, or it can be moulded in dies for various
ornamental and useful purposes, or when mixed with cork fibres and
similar materials and rolled on to canvas it forms a floorcloth, it can also
be pressed or moulded on copper wire for electrical purposes, having
considerable insulating property. It is also valuable as a cement or
marine glue for uniting substances or caulking the seams of ships and
boats; it can be also dissolved in naptha, spirits of wine, and other
solvents, and in such form is valuable as a varnish, or when mixed with
suitable pigments as a paint. It can be used also for cementing emery
in the manufacture of grinding wheels, and in such cases it is mixed
with about 15 per cent. of sulphur and afterwards vulcanized in moulds
as is practised in india-rubber. I find that the gums copal, dammar,
and sandarach can be acted upon by this solvent, but I prefer the
combination of kowrie and castor oil as the most useful and economical
for the purposes described. For many purposes I prefer to mix with
this compound from 3d to 3ds of oxidized linsced or other oxidized oil,
especially in those cases where it is necessary that the product to be
obtained should resist heat and retain its shape at high temperatures or
for waterproof fabrics where it is subject to be exposed to high tem-
peratures. In some cases I combine the oxidized oil in the pan after
the gum is acted on by the castor oil and in other cases it is mixed in
mixing machines as is practised in india-rubber manufactures.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Walton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th February 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
WALTON, of Staines, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me,
the said Frederick Walton, Her special licence that
I, the said Frederick Walton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Frederick Walton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the time therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT
MENT OF RESINS OR RESINOUS GUMS. AND IN THE APPLICATION OF
THE PRODUCTS
OBTAINED THEREFROM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Frederick Walton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Walton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of
resins or resinous gums and in the application of the products obtained
therefrom.
I have discovered that certain resins, or as they are commercially
called gums, are acted upon by castor oil when fused therewith by heat
and that the combination so produced can be applied to various useful

page_text: purposes and more particularly when combined with oxidized o
solidified oils produced according to a Patent granted to me in 1860
No. 209, entitled "Improvements in the Manufacture of Varnish and in
Treating Oils, also in the Application of Products obtained therefrom.
In order to produce this improved product I fuse or melt gum kowrie o
New Zealand gum in a heated pan and when the gum becomes fluid o
semi-fluid I add castor oil thereto. During the time of combination the
two substances are well stirred until they are intimately combined. The
result is a semi-elastic and plastic material capable of being rolled into
sheets or spread on to fabrics for waterproof and other purposes, or it
can be moulded in dies for various ornamental and useful purposes, or
when mixed with cork fibres and similar materials and rolled on to
canvas it forms a floorcloth, it can also be pressed or moulded on
copper wire for electrical purposes having considerable insulating
property. It is also valuable as a cement or marine glue for uniting
substances or caulking the seams of ships and boats. It can be also
dissolved in naptha, spirits of wine, and other solvents, and in such form
is valuable as a varnish or when mixed with suitable pigments as a paint.
It can be used also for cementing emery in the manufacture of grinding
wheels, and in such cases it is mixed with sulphur and afterwards vul-
canized in moulds as is practised in india-rubber. I find that the gums
copal, damma, and sandarac can be acted upon by this solvent, but I
prefer the combination of kowrie and castor oil as the most useful and
economical for the purpose described. For many purposes I prefer to
mix oxidized linsced or other oxidized oil with this compound, especially
in those cases where it is necessary that the product to be obtained
should resist heat and retain its shape at high temperatures, or for water-
proof fabrics where it is subject to be exposed to high temperatures.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the manner in which
I prefer to operate,―
In order to produce this improved product I put into an open pan
heated by high pressure steam or fire (preferring the latter in most
cases) 150lbs. of kowrie or New Zealand gum, and I apply heat until it
is fused, I then add if I desire a soft and pliable product 60lbs. of castor
oil, and the heat is continued with constant stirring until the two
substances become intimately combined, which may be known by the
liquidity of the combination. The stirring may either be performed by

page_text: hand or by means of an axis revolving vertically in the pan and having
stirring arms upon it or by other convenient mechanism. This material
is suitable for cementing substances together, such as wood or stone, or
caulking seams of vessels or tanks.
Coal
When I desire to make a paint or varnish I take 150 lbs. of gum and
from 30 to 50 lbs. of castor oil, and after I have combined them I
dissolve the combination in a steam heated pan such as is used in the
manufacture of india-rubber cements as is well understood.
naptha parts and methylated spirits of wine part is the solvent
which I prefer to employ, and I use about 55 gallons of the solvent to
this quantity of the compound. The resulting solution is suitable for
use as a varnish, it may be thinned to any extent required by the
addition of a further quantity of the above combined solvent. To produce
paints I mix pigments with this varnish, using from to its weight of
dry pigment according to nature of the colors employed.
When I desire to make a composition adapted for waterproofing
purposes I take 100 lbs. of kowrie gum, and when melted I add thereto
100 lbs. of castor oil and 100 lbs. of highly oxidized linseed oil, when
those are thoroughly melted and combined I transfer them when rea-
sonably cool into a steam-heated close pan, and I add thereto 250 lbs.
of mineral naptha and 50 lbs. of methylated spirits of wine and agitate
the combination by means of a mechanical agitator in the pan until
quite dissolved. The compound can then be spread on to fabrics in
the same way as india-rubber cement is now spread, or it can be rolled
on to cloth as is also practised with other materials to form waterproof
garment fabrics; I add dry colors, lampblack, or other pigments as the
case may require.
When the composition is to be moulded in 'dies I prefer a composition
of 100 lbs. of kowrie and 50 lbs. castor, and I mix therewith fine sawdust
fibres and pigments to the extent of from to double the weight of
cement employed. The material is whilst plastic put into metal moulds
and by pressure is moulded to the form required in a similar way to
that in which gutta percha and similar materials are commonly
moulded.
For insulating purposes I take 100 lbs. kowrie, 60 lbs. castor, and
60 lbs. oxidized oil, and I put this compound on to the wire by the
same method as is adopted in using gutta percha, viz., by forcing it
through a die.

page_text: To make floorcloth I take 100 lbs. of kowrie and 35 lbs. castor oil
and melt them together as previously described, and then I take 50 lbs.
of this cement and mix therewith 50 lbs. of ground cork dust in a
mixing machine such as is used by india-rubber manufacturers. The
compound is then rolled on to canvas in the manner described in a
Patent granted to me the Nineteenth day of December 1863, No. 3210,
for the manufacture of floorcloths.
When I desire to mould emery grinding wheels I take 100 lbs. of
kowrie gum, 20 lbs. castor oil, and 200 lbs. oxidized oil, and I melt the
kowrie gum and castor oil together as previously described and then
grind or mix the oxidized oil along with it in a mixing machine; I
then take 10 lbs of this composition and mix therewith 150 lbs. of
coarse or fine emery according as I wish the wheel to have more or
less cutting power, and add thereto 5 lbs. of flour of sulphur; I then
put the composition so prepared into iron moulds and form it into the
necessary shape by hydraulic or other pressure and afterwards change
or vulcanize the wheels at a temperature varying from 250 to 350
degrees Fahrenheit and allow them to remain in this temperature from
one to two hours, preferring about one hour.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that what
I claim is the combining gum kowric or New Zealand gum, gum copal,
danna, or sandarac with castor oil so as to obtain new products as
herein described.
I also claim the combining such new products with oxidized linseed
oil as described.
I also claim the use of such new products in the several manufactures
herein-before set forth and in the manners herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Walton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
FREDK. WALTON. (L.S.)