Improvements in the Method of Fixing Bow Handles to Cast Metal Hollow-ware Utensils, and in the Means for use therein.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in the Method of Fixing Bow Handles to Cast Metal
Hollow-ware Utensils, and in the Means for use therein.
We, RICHARD CLAYTON, Managing Director of the Cannon Hollowware Company,
Limited, of Deepfields near Bilston in the County of Stafford, Hollowware Manu-
facturers, and WILLIAM JOHN ADAMS, of the same address, Foreman Tinplate
Worker in the employment of the said Company, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:
Heretofore it has been usual to form bow handles for fixture to cast metal
hollowware utensils with flattened portions or eyes, through which rivets have been
passed to fix the handles to the utensils. This method of fixture, however, as
practised in some cases, involves drilling holes through the sides of the utensils
through which the rivets are passed, their heads being exposed to the interior
surfaces of the utensils which is very objectionable; and in any case the method
of fixture by riveting does not permit of the handles being conveniently fixed by
unskilled labour, and the handles have consequently to be fixed at the place of
manufacture with resulting inconvenience in packing for transport, and bulkiness
in package, compared with the package of utensils in which the handles are
packed detached from the utensils.
Now, this invention has for its object an improved method of fixing the handles
to the utensils and the means for use therein, whereby the use of rivets is avoided,
and whereby, if desired, the handles may be packed detached from the utensils
and be readily fixed thereto by unskilled labour, that is to say, by the retail dealer,
or by the ultimate purchaser.
According to this invention, a lug is cast on the side of the pot where a handle
is to be fixed, and a hole is formed therethrough in the process of casting, preferably
by using a chill as the core therefor. The handle is formed with a pair of tangs
which are passed down through the hole in the lug and securely fixed by clenching
back their lower ends, which for such purpose are allowed to project slightly below
the bottom of the hole. Each handle is, preferably, formed of malleable cast iron,
or it may be formed of round wrought iron or steel rod or wire bent to the required
shape. The hole is, preferably, formed rectangular in transverse section tapering
smaller from the upper end for convenience in driving out the chill and for fitting
the tangs tightly thereinto; and the tangs, which run together side by side, are
together shaped to fill and fit down tightly within the hole, and their lower or free
ends are thinned down somewhat sideways towards the extreme ends to enable
them to be readily opened out from one another and clenched back against the
under side of the lug. It is preferred to form the lug of a round shape in front
elevation, and it is preferred to form it as if a portion were cut away from the
underside for the width of the hole therethrough so that when the ends of the
tangs are clenched back they will fill, or approximately fill, the space left by such

page_text: formation, and thus in effect complete the formation of the lug instead of appearing
as a projection therefrom, and give a very neat appearance.
Dated this 28th day of September 1896.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in the Method of Fixing Bow Handles to Cast Metal
Hollowware Utensils, and in the Means for Use therein.
We, RICHARD CLAYTON, Managing Director of the Cannon Hollowware Company,
İsimited, of Deepfields near Bilston in the County of Stafford, Hollowware Manu-
facturers, and WILLIAM JOIN ADAMS, of the same address, Foreman Tinplate
Worker in the employment of the said Company, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Heretofore it has been usual to form bow handles for fixture to cast metal
hollowware utensils with flattened portions or eyes, through which rivets have been
passed to fix the handles to the utensils. This method of fixture, however, as
jractised in some cases, involves drilling holes through the sides of the utensils
through which the rivets are passed, their heads being exposed to the interior
surfaces of the utensils which is very objectionable; and in any case the method
of fixture by riveting does not permit of the handles being conveniently fixed by
unskilled labour, and the handles have consequently to be fixed at the place of
imanufacture with resulting inconvenience in packing for transport, and bulkiness
in package, compared with the package of utensils in which the handles are
jacked detached from the utensils.
Now, this invention has for its object an improved method of fixing the handles
to the utensils and the means for use therein, whereby the use of rivets is avoided,
and whereby, if desired, the handles may be packed detached from the utensils
and be readily fixed thereto by unskilled labour, that is to say, by the retail dealer,
ar by the ultimate purchaser.
According to this invention, a lug is cast on the side of the utensil where a handle
is to be fixed, and a hole is formed therethrough in the process of casting, preferably
by using a chill as the core therefor. The handle is formed with a pair of tangs
which are passed down into the hole in the lug. These tangs may be securely
fixed within the lug by clenching back their lower ends, which for such purpose
are allowed to project slightly below the bottom of the hole; or, in the case of
jilalleable cast iron handles or handles formed of steel, the tangs may be formed
to open out somewhat from one another in a downward direction and be securely
fixed within the hole by the frictional hold resulting from closing them in under
gn elastic strain as they are forced into place within the lug. The hole is preferably
formed rectangular in transverse section, and is made tapering smaller from the
upper end for convenience in driving out the chill and for fitting the tangs tightly
thereinto. When the tangs are formed to open out from one another downwards,
they are closed in by two of the opposite tapering sides of the hole as the handle is
driven down into place.
In order that the invention may he clearly understood, we will proceed to
describe, by way of example, practical applications thereof with reference to the
accompanying drawings, of which Figure 1 shews an elevation of a handle
previously to its fixture to a utensil. Figure 2 is a vertical section through the
centre of a lug to which the handle shewn by Figure 1 is to be fixed, and shews

page_text: the upper portion of the corresponding side of the utensil. Figure 3 is a plan of
the lug and of the adjacent portion of the utensil. Figure 4 is an elevation of the
lugíand adjacent portion of the utensil, and shews also a handle placed in position
within the lug, but with the lower projecting ends of the tangs not clenched back.
Figure 5 is a corresponding view to Figure 4, but shews the lower ends of the
tangs clenched back to securely fix the handle in place. Figure 6 is an elevation,
taken at right-angles to Figure 5, shewing the handle and lug in edge view.
Figure 7 is a view corresponding to Figure 1, but shews a handle made of steel,
with the tangs opening out from one another downwards so that they are closed in
towards one another under an elastic strain as the handle is put into place within
a lug and Figure 8 is a part elevation of a malleable cast iron handle as it is
preferred to be made for the purpose of the invention.
Referring first to the views shewn by Figures 1 to 6 inclusive, A is the handle,
of which the portion a forms the bow and the portions & the tangs. B is the lug
cast on the side of the utensil C. A vertical opening c is formed down through
the lug, and is preferably formed tapering smaller towards its lower end, as shewn.
The handle A is fixed to the lug B by first pushing the tangs & down through the
hole and then clenching back the lower ends of the tangs to prevent the tangs
being drawn up again out of the lug. The tangs are formed so as together to fill up
and fit within the tapered hole c, except for the portions which project below the
bottom thereof, and the ends are formed so as to leave between them a V-shaped
space e as shown by Figures 1 and 4, for convenience in opening them out from
one another in clenching them back. It is preferred to form the underside of the
lug B as if notched out at each side of the hole c, and to clench back the ends d
of the tangs b into the notches f: and it is preferred to shape the ends d so that
when they are clenched back into the notches f their exposed surfaces will, in
effect, complete the formation of the underside of the lug B, the ends filling in,
or approximately filling in, the notches, instead of appearing as projections at the
underside of the lug, thus giving a very neat appearance. The handle A may be
formed of malleable cast iron, or of wrought iron or steel bent and formed to the
required shape.
The handle A shewn by Figure 7 is made of steel, and the tangs b₁bare formed
parallel with one another along their outer sides, but with their inner sides
inclining outwards from one another in a downward direction. This handle is
fixed in place by driving it down into the hole of the lug B, whereby the
tangs are closed up towards one another by two of the opposite inclined sides
of the hole, and the elastic strain under which the tangs are thus held in place
within the hole causes a frictional resistance which securely prevents the handle
from being accidentally pulled out. These tangs, therefore, do not require
clenching back at their ends, and may be made only just sufficiently long to
extend to the bottom of the hole. The width across from outside to outside of the
tangs is such that their free ends may be just entered within the top of the hole
before driving the handle down into place. A malleable cast iron handle con-
structed to be fixed in the manner of the handle shewn by Figure 7 differs from
such latter handle, preferably, by the two sides of the lower part of the bow and
the upper portions of the tangs being formed solid with one another, as shewn by
Figure 8.
It will readily be seen that a handle of either formation above described may be
readily fixed by unskilled labour, thus enabling the handles to be packed detached
from the utensils and to be fixed thereto at the distributing depot, or by the
ultimate purchaser.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The method of fixing a bow handle to a cast metal hollowware utensil which
consists in forming it with a pair of tangs and forming a lug upon the side of the

page_text: utensil with a hole therethrough to receive the tangs and inserting the tangs into
such hole, and either clenching back their lower ends, or forming the tangs so
that they will be held by their own elasticity when properly within the hole,
substantially as described."
2. The means for use in fixing a bow handle to a cast metal hollowware utensil
which comprise a pair of tangs formed with the handle, a lug formed upon the
side of the utensil, and a hole formed down through the lug, substantially as
described.
3. The means for use in fixing a bow handle to a cast metal hollowware utensil
which comprise a lug formed upon the side of the utensil, a tapered hole formed
down through the lug, a pair of tangs formed with the handle and of a shape
which ensures their fitting within the hole through the lug, and provision for
ensuring that the tangs cannot be accidentally pulled out from the lug, substantially
as described.
Dated this 25th dox of Luna 1807
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicants.