Improvements in or relating to Fires and Furnaces of all kinds, and Flues connected therewith, for Consuming Smoke and Economising Fuel, and for Ventilating Purposes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 27th Oct., 1891-Accepted, 28th Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Fires and Furnaces of all kinds, and
Flues connected therewith, for Consuming Smoke and Economising
Fuel, and for Ventilating Purposes.
1 JAMES KNAPTON THOMPSON of Woodsley View, Leeds in the County of
York Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
My invention hereinafter referred to is intended to secure perfect combustion of
fuel entire consumption of smoke and fullest economy of fuel. I accomplish this
by means of the special form construction and arrangement of parts either
separately or in conjunction or combination with each other somewhat as
follows:-
For certain classes of fires, the back and ends of the fireplace or furnace consists
of fire bricks or silica bricks specially prepared to stand a fierce heat by means of
my special mixture of graphite or plumbago or an outward coating of same as a
wash or otherwise.
These bricks may have either plain surface or corrugations and projections on
one or on both sides thereof which when built up form one or more sides of inain
flue.
I also use vertical bars with convex sides fitted in front of and opposite to said
firebrick back the whole being inclined at such an angle as is best calculated to
present the largest surface of fire or fuel for the draught to play upon.
In front of these vertical bars I provide sliding doors or shutters or other
suitable arrangement to facilitate banking up the fire.
For certain other classes of fires I use a metal chamber or fire-box lined with my
special bricks and instead of having vertical bars as aforesaid I make horizontal
oblong openings across the front side of suitable dimensions for the requirements of
the fire and on the outside thereof provide a suitable arrangement of sliding shutters
to regulate the supply of air as well as to facilitate firing up for long periods of
absence.
I provide at bottom of firebox a movable or sliding frame in which is fitted an
inner grate having fixed or loose bars either triangular or pear shape and which
inner grate is provided with an arm or axle at each end fitting into the outer frame
so that it can be oscillated or shaken by means of hand or mechanical power so as
to keep the fire constantly clean and free from small ashes and other refuse.
On the front of this frame or grate there is a hinged flap to facilitate cleaning
out clinkers and other refuse.
Below the firebox and grate I provide an ashpit or tray for collecting refuse
having suitable arrangements or provision for constant supply of water to facilitate
the formation and ignition of necessary combustible gases and combustion of fuel.
The whole of this apparatus may be fitted or enclosed in an outer chamber of
glazed or unglazed fire brick or other suitable material having one or more doors
set opposite to and in front of said vertical bars in which doors are fixed sliding
draught regulators.
The whole of the apparatus is so arranged and fitted as to concentrate the free
admission of the entire draught to one portion or to the whole surface of the fire
which fire being constructed to burn in a downward or vertical direction the draught
must necessarily pass into and through the incandescent fire and thence to the main
flue the entrance to which at bottom of said fire so that the oxygen and other
gases admitted to the fire thoroughly mix with the smoke as it forms and are then

page_text: conveyed 'direct into and through the incandescent mass of fire and thoroughly
consumed before reaching the Hue.
In addition to the draught regulating shutters 1 also provide revolving or sliding
dampers or regulators in each flue, by means of, which I can, shut off the heat from
one Hue and convey it in any other desired direction.
By means of spirally fluted or corrugated rollers overhead revolved by mechanical
or other power
crush to uniform. size the coal or fuel and distribute same in a
regulated sprinkling feed like rain on, to the top of fire.
I further economise the fuel by collecting said heat by means of junctions, into
main flue or by separate flues and distribute same to various domestic or manu-
facturing appliances chambers or buildings which may be located some distance
from the fire and which heat may be conveyed either direct into boiler flues or to
any other place where same is required or may be taken into one general receiving
chamber and thence liberated and distributed in any desired direction as circum-
stances require the said chamber being specially protected with a covering of slag
wool or asbestos or other non conducting substance.
I also make provision for further economising the fuel and the heat produced
therefrom by arranging in a suitable position between the lining of the fire back
and the main flue a feed water tank small boiler or other suitable apparatus which
will deliver a constant supply of feed water at any required temperature without
the necessity of pumps or injectors or any further expense than the cost of fuel
before nained and either to boilers or any other manufacturing appliance or for the
domestic hot water cisterns.
I apply the same system of vertical or downward draught and combustion to fires
furnaces kilns and ovens of all kinds-also to stove as well as to locomotive and
marine boilers in which latter I employ the waste heat from the furnaces or flues
for warming the carriages and other compartments in winter.
1 also apply my said system to gas fires and stoves and also to fires in which
liquid fuel is consumed whereby all, injurious gases and other products of com-
bustion are destroyed, a greater percentage of heat obtained by reason of the more
perfect combustion and the flues kept free from sooty deposits.
I also further economise the said fuel and the heat produced therefrom by means
of separate chambers and flues connected with and to my said fire whereby I collect
pure atmospheric air containing the fullest percentage of oxygen from the highest
attainable point which after being treated so as to develop and produce the greatest
quantity of ozone is distributed by means of said flues to any desired room or rooms
at temperatures regulated for summer or winter use and from which rooms I
automatically exhaust and destroy by means of my said fire and flues in a similar
manner to the action of an upcast shaft of coal pit all vitiated air and atmosphere
thereby keeping up a constant healthy and natural ventilation simultaneously with,
by means of, and for the same cost, as my fire which produces the heat for
manufacturing or other purposes.
Dated this 21st day of January 1891.
J. KNAPTON THOMPSON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Fires and Furnaces of all kinds, and-
Flues connected therewith, for Consuming Smoke and Economising
Fuel, and for Ventilating Purposes.
I JAMES KNAPTON THOMPSON of Woodsley View Leeds. in the County of
York Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon :-
The object of my invention is to secure perfect combustion, entire absence of

page_text: smoke, and maximum economy in fuel; for this purpose I employ novel combinations
and arrangements of parts, as hereinafter described, whereby the hydro-carbon and
other gases are first saturated and intimately mixed with the necessary volume of
oxygen, and then led or carried down to the bottom of the fire box, through the
entire mass of incandescent fuel therein, whereby the mixed gases are quickly
brought to the proper temperature, ignite, and produce pure flaine, the resulting
carbonic acid gas passes off, and, perfect combustion being effected, the whole of
the fuel is properly burnt and the maximum amount of heat obtained therefrom.
Referring more especially to steam boiler furnaces, the fuel is fed continuously,
without opening any furnace doors or allowing any cold air to enter the flues,
thereby avoiding variations of temperature, which cause injurious expansion and
contraction of the boiler plates. The fires are also always clean and of uniform
heat and, there being no deposit of soot either in the boiler flues or tubes, the
maximum amount of heat is more quickly absorbed than is possible by any other
known system.
My invention is applicable to all classes of fires, furnaces, ovens, or kilns, the
only difference being in minor details of construction and outward appearance.
In ordinary boiler furnaces as at present constructed, it is estimated that about
twenty per cent, of the total heat produced is lost through imperfect combustion,
and in domestic fires about eighty per cent. of the total heat is thus wasted.
For some classes of furnaces the back and ends of the fire box or furnace consist
of, or are lined with, fire bricks or silica bricks, or they may consist of, or be lined
with, my special bricks, which are prepared so as to stand a fierce heat by a special
mixture of graphite or plumbago and fire clay in the necessary proportions, or when
using ordinary fire bricks or silica bricks, they may be coated with the said special
mixture applied thereto in a liquid state, which said special bricks and mixture
are more particularly described in my Specification numbered 21997 of the
year 1891.
In the accompanying drawings
|
Figure represents a horizontal section of main fine situate immediately behind
the fire box, which main flue, together with the sides or lining for the said fire box,
are formed of fire resisting bricks.
Figure 2 is a cross section of a stove or furnace constructed according to my
invention.
Figure 3 is a sectional view representing the method of mounting and operating
the fire bars.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a kitchener fitted with my improved fire box
or furnace.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a bottom grate mounted in a removable sliding
frame.
Figures 6 represent a revolving damper or regulator in two positions and a dial
indicator, also in two positions, for indicating position of the damper.
Figures 7 represent perspective views of a sliding damper or regulator in two
positions.
Figures 8 represent a section of a diamond shaped grate bar, a front view of a
boiler furnace fitted with such grate bars, and a vertical cross section of such grate
bars combined with sliding shutters.
Figure 9 is a front view of a steam boiler provided with a pair of my improved
furnaces with intervening water spaces.,
Figure 10 is a diagramatic horizontal section of the same,
and
Figure 11 is a longitudinal section of the same through one of the furnaces.
Figures 12 are plan and end views of a pair of fuel feeding rollers, and-
Figures 13 and 14 are vertical sections representing my improved arrangements
for heating, cooling and ventilating a series of rooms or apartments by a single
fire constructed on my system for preventing the formation of smoke and obtaining
the maxinnum economy from the fuel consumed by one fire,

page_text: All or any of these bricks may have either plain surfaces, or corrugations or
projections and recesses on one or more sides thereof, so that, when built up, they
shall interlock with each other and form or line one or more sides a of main flue,
Figure 1. The fire box, a Figure 2, is constructed with the sides inclined away
from each other at a suitable angle, the narrow part being at the top, so as to
facilitate the free movement and falling down of the fuel from the top or feeding
end to the base of the fire box, and to prevent the adhesion of clinkers to the sides
of the fire box. Arranged inside, and forming the back of, this fire box, is a
division bar or inverted bridge Fig. 2, extending downwards in a vertical direction
to within a few inches of the bottom of the fire box, and leaving only sufficient
space between the bottom grate and the lower edge of said bridge for the passage
into the main flue or combustion chamber, e Fig. 2, of the heat and flame produced
by the mixture of hydro-carbon and other combustible gases, which it is most
essential and necessary shall have passed through the entire mass of incandescent
fuel at the front side of said bridge in fire box à Fig. 2, so that practically the
whole of such gases shall be thoroughly consumed and the escape of any portion
thereof, in an unconsumed state, into any flue before reaching the bottom of the
said inverted bridge, thereby prevented or rendered impossible, whilst said bridge
also always retains the solid fuel and incandescent mass of fire within the fire box
so that none of it can enter the flues.
I sometimes employ vertical bars f Figs. 2, 3 and Fig. 4, for the front of the
fire box.
These bars, see Figure 3, are made with convex sides, each having at each end
a small projection or spindle, Fig. 3, fitted to, and working in, the cross
bars, Fig. 3, fixed at top and bottom of said fire box. Each of these bars is fitted
at the top with an arm, d Fig. 3, projecting at right angles therefrom, and having
on each arm a small spindle, e Fig. 3. These spindles e Fig. 3 are all fitted to a
connecting rod, Fig. 3, capable of being moved to and fro by means of a knob or
handle conveniently applied thereto, to permit the same to he worked by hand, so
as to regulate the admission of air between the bars to the fuel in the fire box, or
for entirely closing up the fire, as may be required, thus enabling the volume of
air requisite for the perfect combustion of the fuel to be regulated according to the
quantity of fuel supplied to the fire.
In the case of domestic and other similar fires, the fuel may be readily fed by
hand, but in other fires, where more economical and convenient, the fuel is fed by
means of spirally fluted or corrugated rollers at the upper or feeding end of the
fire box, as more particularly described hereafter in connection with steam boiler
and other similar furnaces.
In the case of domestic fires and kitchen ranges, see Figure 4, the top of the
fire box is arranged on a level with the tops of the ovens so that the whole top
surface can be utilized and the maximum amount of heat obtained therefrom for
cooking, baking, and all ordinary purposes, the usual plate rack, a Fig. 4, being
arranged in a convenient position above, and hot plate chambers, & Fig. 4, under-
neath, the ovens. The feed hole, e Fig. 4, for the fuel, is arranged in the top plate,
immediately over the fire, and is fitted with a loose plate or hinged lid, and
immediately behind this is an ordinary lift-off plate, d Fig. 4, for examining the
condition of the main and other flues. The range is also provided with the usual
doors, e Fig. 4, in front for cleaning out any dust lodging in the flues.
I further economize the heat produced from said fuel by arranging between the
lining, Fig. 2, of the fire box and the main fluc, c Fig. 2, a water tank, small
boiler, or other suitable apparatus, d Fig. 2, which will deliver a constant supply of
water at any required temperature to steam boilers or other manufacturing
appliances, or to domestic or other hot water cisterns.
I provide at bottom of fire box, a sliding frame, a Fig. 5, which can be easily
withdrawn from its position in the range; within this frame is fitted a grate,
Fig. 5, having fixed or loose bars, e Fig. 5, of either triangular, pear shape, or

page_text: other suitable section, and an arm or axle, d Fig. 5, at each end fitting into the
outer frame a, so that the grate can be oscillated or shaken by hand or power to
keep the fire clean and free from small ashes and other refuse.
The range is provided with a hinged flap, e Fig. 2, at the front of the grate to
facilitate cleaning out clinkers and other refuse.
Fig. 4 is the usual ash pit or tray provided with a constant supply of water for
the purpose hereinafter described.
I also employ the ordinary revolving or sliding dampers or regulators, a, b, c,
Figs. 6 and 7, in each flue of the range, and I connect with the revolving dampers
a tell tale dial plate, y Fig. 4, and c, d Fig. 6, to indicate the exact position of the
dampers.
In some cases I use a metal fire box lined with fire bricks, or with my special
bricks (hereinbefore referred to) when necessary, and instead of using vertical
bars † Figs. 2 & 3, I use diamond shaped bars A Figs. 8, 9, 10 & 11, which bars
are placed horizontally across the front side of the fire box, between the water
spaces, B Figs. 8, 9, 10, and are of suitable dimensions for the requirements of the
fire, and on the outside of these bars, I provide a suitable arrangement of sliding
shutters, Fig. 8 and G Fig. 11, to regulate the supply of air and to facilitate
firing up for long periods of absence. For this latter purpose these sliding shutters
may be closed within, say, of an inch, and the dampers correspondingly closed,
so that the draft or volume of air passing through the fuel may be regulated so as
to be just sufficient to keep the fire alive and burning all night with the consumption
of the least possible quantity of fuel, thereby rendering re-lighting in the morning
unnecessary and the fire, being also practically closed in, also obviates the risk of
damage from sparks or burning coal from the fire.
In the case of steam boilers, these horizontal bars, or some of them, may (if.
preferred) take the form of hollow bars, through which a circulation of water takes
place in connection with the water spaces, B Figs. 8, 9, 10, at each side of the bars;
a similar circulation of water is also arranged between the inverted bridge, C Fig. 10
and C Fig. 11, which descends nearly to the bottom of the fire box and divides
the fuel from the flue D Figs. 10 & 11.
The system of vertical bars and other arrangements previously described are
equally applicable, with requisite modifications which would be well understood, to
steam boiler furnaces as to other fires.
In those classes of fires where steam or hot water is not required, I construct the
inverted bridge between the fire box and the flue entirely of fire bricks, silica bricks,
or of the special mixture of fire resisting brick above referred to.
ونا
I provide at the bottom of the said fire box, a sliding frame and hinged
grate, a, b, c, d Fig. 5, as herein before described, or some slight modification thereof,
according to the size of the fire, and at the front of this sliding frame and grate,
is a hinged flap, B Fig. 11, to facilitate cleaning out clinkers and other refuse.
Below the fire box and grate I find it advantageous to use an ashpit or
tray, E Fig. 11, provided with a constant supply of water, which, by evaporation,
rises in the form of aqueous vapour, and, passing into the incandescent fuel or into
the highly heated flame, is decomposed; the hydrogen thus set free combines with
the hydro-carbon and other gases, thereby producing a highly inflammable mixture
of gases, which assists in the proper combustion of the fuel.
The fire box is in all cases vertical, the feed is at the top, the sides of the fire
box widen outwards towards the bottom, thereby facilitating the free falling of the
fuel the air supply is through bars forming the front of the fire box, and the back
of the fire box is formed of an inverted bridge descending in an unbroken line, and
without having any openings or flues into or through which a portion of the
combustible gases night escape before ignition, to within a short distance of the
bottom grate, as hereinafter described, whereby a constant supply of incandescent
fuel is maintained in the lower part of the fire box for the mixed gases to pass
through, thereby securing their ignition before they can enter the flue.

page_text: By means of spirally fluted or corrugated rollers, a Fig. 12 and F Fig. 11, placed
over the top of the fire box and revolved by mechanical or other power, I distribute
the fuel from the box or hopper, H Figs. 9 & 11, on to the top of the fire in a finely
regulated feed, whereby the quantity of fuel fed can be adjusted to the volume of
air required for the proper combustion of the fuel.
For the system of combustion herein described, I prefer to use cold air, although
hot air may be used if desired. This however is not economically possible with
many systems of furnaces as at present constructed, and particularly steam boiler
furnaces, because of the cooling effect on the flues, hence the frequent proposals to
supply hot air.
I also further economize the fuel and utilize the heat produced therefrom by
means of separate chambers and flues connected with and to my improved fire boxes
or furnaces, whereby I collect pure air containing the largest per centage of oxygen
by taking the air supply from the highest available point and avoiding all sources
of offensive odours; the air thus collected is conveyed downwards to the required
depth by means of a tube or flue, a Fig. 13, and is delivered into a receiving
chamber, B Fig. 13, constructed as follows. This receiving chamber consists of a
tank fitted with a number of tubes or with coiled piping; the tank is supplied with
water and may stand on the ground level or be let into a well so as to keep the
water at a much lower temperature than that at the ground surface or the outside
atmosphere. The air supply tube, a Fig. 13, is connected with the bottom com-
partment, e Fig. 13, of this receiving chamber, where the fresh air is first delivered,
and whence it passes through the tubes or coiled piping, which are surrounded by
water, and is thereby reduced to the temperature of the water; it then passes into
the compartment, d Fig. 13, whence it may be led in any desired direction.
From the said receiving chamber, a portion of the fresh cooled air is conveyed,
by tubes or flues e Fig. 13, direct to each room or apartment requiring a supply,
and another portion is conveyed into and passes through the heating chamber, G
Fig. 13, at the back of one of my improved fire boxes or furnaces and thence,
by means of tubes or flue / Fig. 13, it is distributed to each of the rooms where
the cold air supply pipes have already been carried. Both the hot and the cold air
supply pipes are fitted with regulating valves at points marked, Fig. 13, and are
then connected to one or more distributing boxes, J Fig. 13, according to the size
of the room or apartinent, fixed in convenient positions for distributing the air into
the apartment without causing draught. The air can thus be regulated to any
desired temperature before it is allowed to leave the box; one room may be supplied
with an icy cold atmosphere, and another may contain a tropical temperature; if
desired the air, in passing through the distributing box and a filter arranged
therein, may be saturated with the necessary elements to develop ozone, which may
be further impregnated with the perfume of flowers or other agreeable odours
thereby creating the effect of a pure, balmy, and refreshing breeze in winter or
cold climates, and in summer time or in hot climates, by closing one of the valves,
each apartment may be supplied with air giving the delightfully cool, healthy, and
invigorating sensations of pure mountain air or sea breezes.
The said air supply may be charged with the necessary elements for disinfecting
and destroying malodorous or infectious emanations.
The supply of fresh air to the several rooms is automatic and is effected in the
following manner.
Each room is fitted with an outlet ventilator, a Fig. 14, fixed in some convenient
position near the ceiling.
This ventilator communicates directly with a flue or tube, Fig. 14, through
which there is constantly passing a strong current of hot air of considerably higher
temperature than that of the atmosphere in the rooms, and which current acts as a
powerful induction draught and draws along with it the vitiated air from each
room through the ventilators into the tube b, whence it is carried outside the
building and, according to the quick or slow action of the ventilators a, a vacuum

page_text: other suitable section, and an arm or axle, d Fig. 5, at each end fitting into the
outer frame a, so that the grate can be oscillated or shaken by hand or power to
keep the fire clean and free from small ashes and other refuse.
The range is provided with a hinged flap, e Fig. 2, at the front of the grate to
facilitate cleaning out clinkers and other refuse.
Fig. 4 is the usual ash pit or tray provided with a constant supply of water for
the purpose hereinafter described.
I also employ the ordinary revolving or sliding dampers or regulators, a, b, c, d
Figs. 6 and 7, in each flue of the range, and I connect with the revolving dampers
a tell tale dial plate, g Fig. 4, and e, Fig. 6, to indicate the exact position of the
dampers.
In some cases I use a metal fire box lined with fire bricks, or with my special
bricks (hereinbefore referred to) when necessary, and instead of using vertical
bars Figs. 2 & 3, I use diamond shaped bars A Figs. 8, 9, 10 & 11, which bars
are placed horizontally across the front side of the fire box, between the water
spaces, B Figs. 8, 9, 10, and are of suitable dimensions for the requirements of the
fire, and on the outside of these bars, I provide a suitable arrangement of sliding
shutters, G Fig. 8 and G Fig. 11, to regulate the supply of air and to facilitate
firing up for long periods of absence. For this latter purpose these sliding shutters
may be closed within, say, of an inch, and the dampers correspondingly closed,
so that the draft or volume of air passing through the fuel may be regulated so as
to be just sufficient to keep the fire alive and burning all night with the consumption
of the least possible quantity of fuel, thereby rendering re-lighting in the morning
unnecessary and the fire, being also practically closed in, also obviates the risk of
damage from sparks or burning coal from the fire.
In the case of steam boilers, these horizontal bars, or some of them, may (if.
preferred) take the form of hollow bars, through which a circulation of water takes
place in connection with the water spaces, B Figs. 8, 9, 10, at each side of the bars;
a similar circulation of water is also arranged between the inverted bridge, C Fig. 10
and C Fig. 11, which descends nearly to the bottom of the fire box and divides
the fuel from the flue D Figs. 10 & 11.
The system of vertical bars and other arrangements previously described are
equally applicable, with requisite modifications which would be well understood, to
steam boiler furnaces as to other fires.
In those classes of fires where steam or hot water is not required, I construct the
inverted bridge between the fire box and the flue entirely of fire bricks, silica bricks,
or of the special mixture of fire resisting brick above referred to.
1 provide at the bottom of the said fire box, a sliding frame and hinged
grate, a, b, c, d Fig. 5, as hereinbefore described, or some slight modification thereof,
according to the size of the fire, and at the front of this sliding frame and grate,
is a hinged flap, B Fig. 11, to facilitate cleaning out clinkers and other refuse.
Below the fire box and grate I find it advantageous to use an ashpit or
tray, E Fig. 11, provided with a constant supply of water, which, by evaporation,
rises in the form of aqueous vapour, and, passing into the incandescent fuel or into
the highly heated flame, is decomposed; the hydrogen thus set free combines with
the hydro-carbon and other gases, thereby producing a highly inflammable mixture
of gases, which assists in the proper combustion of the fuel.
The fire box is in all cases vertical, the feed is at the top, the sides of the fire
box widen outwards towards the bottom, thereby facilitating the free falling of the
fuel the air supply is through bars forming the front of the fire box, and the back
of the fire box is formed of an inverted bridge descending in an unbroken line, and
without having any openings or flues into or through which a portion of the
combustible gases night escape before ignition, to within a short distance of the
bottom grate, as hereinafter described, whereby a constant supply of incandescent
fuel is maintained in the lower part of the fire box for the mixed gases to pass
through, thereby securing their ignition before they can enter the flue.

page_text: is created, which compels the fresh air from the distributing boxes to enter the
room in equal volume to that which leaves it through the ventilators, thereby
keeping up a permanent and automatic system of ventilation.
The air to supply the current of hot air passing through the induction tube is
first received by a branch tube, e Fig. 14, connected with the receiving chamber B,
and thence conveyed to a hot box fitted near the base of the fire box or furnace,
where it is heated to such a temperature as will ensure a constant hot current
throughout the length of the said induction tube / Fig. 14.
As an alternative arrangement, the vitiated air may be exhausted from each room
or apartment by means of an inverted syphon tube, the bend of which is placed in
the same position as the hot box, and to which tube the ventilating valves in each
room are connected, the air in this instance being drawn downwards by the induction,
draught or current created in the other leg of the inverted syphon, which is
considerably longer. The fresh air may, if desired, be delivered directly to the
various rooms without passing through the cooling chamber.
I also further economise the fuel in locomotive fire boxes constructed on my system
in the same manner, viz., by passing a current of fresh air through a hot chamber
fixed in the said fire box or furnace, and apply the same for warming the carriages
in winter with pure air, and also, by means of arrangements similar to those already
described, I supply the said carriages with cool refreshing air in summer or in hot
climates, the respective supplies of hot and cold air being conveyed to the said
carriages by tubes having branches for distributing the same to each compartment,
and the said tubes being connected between the said carriages by means of a
flexible tube similar to the automatic or vacuum brake tubes, and which connecting
tubes may be advantageously made of a mixture or composition of asbestos and
other suitable material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In furnaces or fire places, my respective improved arrangements and com-
binations of parts, substantially as herein shown and described and respectively used
for the purpose stated.
2. In furnaces or fire places, the combination of a top feed and a vertical fire box
having inclined sides, which are wider apart at the bottom than at the top, and
grate bars at the front and bottom, and a solid or hollow inverted bridge at
the back descending, without any openings or flues whatever, to within a short
distance of the bottom grate, and means for regulating the admission of air through
the front grate, and a flue or combustion chamber at the back of the inverted
bridge, substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
3. In furnaces or fire places, the combination of spirally fluted feed rollers at
the top of the fire box and a vertical fire box, and a grate with movable vertical
bars or horizontal fixed bars to form the front of the fire box, and an inverted
bridge to form the back, and a grate at the bottom, and a flue at the back, (the
front grate and the face of the inverted bridge, and also the two ends of fire box,
being so inclined in relation to each other as to be wider apart at the bottom than
at the top, and thereby facilitate the downward passage of the incandescent fuel,)
employed substantially as herein shown and described.
4. The arrangements and combinations of apparatus respectively employed for
ventilating, heating, and cooling, a series of rooms or apartments or other places by
the agency of a single fire, substantially as herein shown and described.
T
J. KNAPTON THOMPSON.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.