Improved Construction of Supply Pipe or Rising Main for Apparatus for Raising Liquids by Air Pressure
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Mar., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 10th Dec., 1897-Accepted, 12th Feb., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Construction of Supply Pipe or Rising Main for Apparatus
for Raising Liquids by Air Pressure,
I, OLIVER IMRAY, of 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(as communicated to me from abroad by "Luftdruck-Wasserhebungsgesellschaft
Krause & Co., of 24, Michaelkirchstrasse, Berlin, Germany,) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction of supply pipes or rising mains of
curviform shape in longitudinal section, in their application to apparatus for raising
liquids by compressed air, with the object of causing the masses of liquid contained
in the supply pipes to produce descending curves whereby the velocity of fall of
the mass is diminished and also larger areas of action are presented to the com-
pressed air which effects the raising.
The accompanying drawing shews the longitudinal section of a supply pipe or
rising main of this kind.
The conduit Z for the supply of the compressed air discharges in any suitable
manner into the lower end-(of the supply pipe) or rising main S which may be
of cylindrical or other suitable form.
The liquid to be raised, in coming from below or from the sides collects mechanic-
ally above the discharge aperture of the compressed air supply conduit, and is
pressed or driven upwardly through the supply pipe S.
In this manner the compressed air enters the corrugated portion of the delivery
pipe and is naturally able to expand in the recesses or corrugations.
But the pressure of the mass of liquid contained in the supply pipe or rising main
reacting upon the compressed air, is considerably diminished by the undulating
movement or eddies of the liquid and by the greater friction of the same thus
produced against the inner surface of the pipe, as compared with the pressure of
a column or head of liquid pressing vertically downwards, the cross sectional area
of which is equal to the pressing area of the compressed air.
Thus with the arrangement of a supply pipe or rising main constructed according
to this invention, the reacting pressure will be diminished in consequence of the
generation of descending curves, whilst on the contrary a greater area of action
will be afforded for the compressed air.
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1011 T
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1007
; Improved Construction of Supply Pipe or Rising Main for Apparatus
for Raising Liquids by Air Pressure.
I, OLIVER IMRAY, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
Price 8d1

page_text: nature of this invention (as communicated to me from abroad by Luftdruck-
Wasserhebungsgesellschaft Krause & Co., of 24, Michaelkirchstrasse, Berlin,
Germany,) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the construction of supply pipes or rising mains of
curviform shape in longitudinal section, in their application to apparatus for
raising liquids by compressed air, with the object of causing the masses of liquid
contained in the supply pipes to produce curves of fall whereby the velocity of
fall of the mass is diminished and also larger areas of action are presented to the
compressed air which effects the raising.
The drawing accompanying my Provisional Specification shews the longitudinal
section of a supply pipe or rising main of this kind.
The conduit Z for the supply of the compressed air discharges in any suitable
manner into the lower end (of the supply pipe) or rising main S which may be
of cylindrical or other suitable form.
The liquid to be raised, in coming from below or from the sides collects
mechanically above the discharge aperture of the compressed air supply conduit,
and is pressed or driven upwardly through the supply pipe S.
In this manner the compressed air enters the corrugated portion of the delivery
pipe and is naturally able to expand in the recesses or corrugations.
But the downward pressure of the mass of liquid contained in the supply pipe
or rising main acting against the upward pressure of the compressed air, is con-
siderably diminished by the undulating movement or eddies of the liquid and by
the greater friction of the same thus produced against the inner surface of the
pipe, as compared with the pressure of a column or head of liquid pressing vertically
downwards the cross sectional area of which is equal to the pressing area of the
compressed air.
This may be explained as follows:-
In a cylindrical pipe in which liquid is raised by an upward current of air under
pressure the action is such that the charge rising in the pipe is composed of
alternate short columns of liquid and of air. As these rise upward, portions of the
liquid columns, in being acted upon by gravity detach themselves and fall vertically
through the air column below, and thus cause a loss of useful effect corresponding
to the work which has to be performed in again raising that body through the height
it has fallen.
With the above described corrugated form of the pipe on the other hand, the air
and water are in the first place so stirred up together in consequence of the eddies
produced by the curved surfaces that there is no such general separation of the air
and water into distinct columns, but that each particle of water is
as it were
which
associated with a particle of air under pressure
can consequently act much more directly and effectually in raising the water and
prevents this from falling back any material distance; in the second place, where
there is any such tendency of the liquid to fall, it will not fall freely vertical as
in the first mentioned case, but owing to the eddying motion and the curvilinear
direction imparted to it by the curved sides of the tube, it will descend in curves
of fall, similar to those described by liquid falling from a horizontal tube, and it
will consequently not attain the downward velocity that a vertically falling body
would attain.
In addition to this advantage, there is also the farther one above mentioned
that the enlargements on the pipe will afford a greater area of action for the com-
pressed air in expanding into such enlargements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
Apparatus for raising water by air, pressure, characterised by the arrangement of
supply pipes or rising mains S of corrugated form in longitudinal section, for the

page_text: purpose of increasing the area of action of the compressed air which effects the
raising of the liquid, and with the object of producing a diminished velocity of fall
of the liquid.
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