NEW PLAN OR METHOD FOR MORE ACCURATELY AND EXPEDITIOUSLY EXPRESSING AND ASCERTAINING THE NUMBERS, DATES, AND SUMS IN BANK BILLS, NOTES, AND OTHER SECURITIES FOR MONEY, AND PREVENTING FORGERIES, FRAUDS, AND LOSSES BY DEFACING OR ALTERING THE SAME
Year: 1810

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
BEAUMONT PAYNE, of the City of Bath, Banker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Second day of May, in the fiftieth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Daniel Beaumont Payne, my heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns,
IIis special licence that I, the said Daniel Beaumont Payne, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Daniel Beaumont
Payne, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and also within all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
"NEW PLAN OR METHOD FOR MORE ACCURATELY AND EXPEDITIOUSLY EXPRESSING
AND ASCERTAINING THE NUMBERS, DATES, AND SUMS IN BANK BILLS, NOTES, AND
OTHER SECURITIES FOR MONEY, AND PREVENTING FORGERIES, FRAUDS, AND LOSSES
BY DEFACING OR ALTERING THE SAME;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Daniel Beaumont Payne, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Daniel Beaumont Payne, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are de-
scribed and ascertained by the Drawings or characters delineated in the margin
of these presents, and by the following explanation thereof (that is to say):-
The character represented in the said margin opposite the N° 1 there
consists of a single curved line, and is intended to represent the N° 1. The
character represented in the said margin opposite to N° 2 there consists of
two curved lines united, and is intended to represent the N° 2. The character
represented in the said margin opposite to N° 3 there consists of thrce curved
lines united, and is intended to represent the number 8; the character
represented in the said margin opposite to N° 4 there consists of four strait
lines unted, and is intended to represent the N° 4. The character represented
in the said margin opposite to N° 5 there consists of three strait and two
curved lines, all united together, and is intended to represent the N° 5. The
character represented in the said margin opposite to N° 6 there consists of
two strait lines, and four curved lines, all united together, and is intended to
represent the N° 6. The character represented in the said margin opposite
to N° 7 there consists of four strait lines, and also of three curved lines, all
united together, and is intended to represent the N° 7. The character
represented in the said margin opposite to N° 8 there consists of eight strait
lines in angles, all united together, and is intended to represent the N° 8. The
character represented in the said margin opposite to N° 9 there consists of
six strait lines united together (forming the whole three triangles, and con-
taining nine angles within the area of the lines of the said triangle), and is
intended to represent the N° 9. The character represted in the said margin
opposite to N° 10 there consists of an oval line or figure, and is intended to
represent a common cypher in numerical notations.
The form of these characters may be occasionally varied for special con-
venience without departing from their essential principle, namely, that of
making each character contain the precise number of lines which they severally
represent. For the purpose of making them effectually useful, they are to be
separately cast by a letter founder in the usual shape of types for printing.
Such of those types as are of the same description are to be longitudinally
cemented with soft solder, until they form continued lines of characters of the
same denomination proportioned in extent to the general length of bills, notes,
and other securities for money.
Among the types of the said new characters are also to be cemented
types in the old numerical figures of the same signification as the said characters,

page_text: and in places that may be nearly equidistant from the extremes of cach type
line. By these means lines of figures of the same indication may be impressed
in the old and new characters, yet a continued line in either of the said
characters will represent merely the number of units expressed by a single
character of that line. But when two or more lines of characters shall be
set closely one above another, then the character of the lowest line wil
be indicative of units; the line next above it will be indicative of tens ;
the second line above the lowest line will be indicative of hundreds; the
third line above the lowest line will be indicative of thousands; and the
fourth line above the lowest line will be indication of tens of thousands; so
that each line will increase in power according to its numerical place and
distance from the lowest line in the combination, in the same manner as the
figures now in common use are made to increase in power according to their
place in common notations of numbers.
The foregoing description is exemplified by the Drawing in the margin
hereof, marked N° 11, containing five horizontal lines of the characters
aforesaid, the lowest of which said lines is formed of the character aforesaid
which represents the N° 1; the line next above the said lowest line is formed
of the said character which represents the N° 3; the line next but one above
the said lowest line is formed of the said character which represents the N° 6;
the line next but two above the said lowest line is formed of the said cha-
racter which represents the N° 4, and the line next but three above the said
lowest line (being the highest of the said lines in the said margin distinguished
by No 11) is formed of the said character which represents the N° 8.
Now, as the types in the said horizontal lines last-mentioned are regularly
arranged, they make vertical combinations of all their several characters
and figures, which being read from the highest to the lowest line thereof
present the numerical notation 84,681, repeated as many times as there
are characters and figures in each horizontal line; consequently if those
combinations were impressed on the whole length of a bill, note, or
other security, it would follow that if any vertical strip of that bill, note, or
other security were preserved, and the remainder thereof lost, such strip so
preserved would alone shew the number belonging thereto, and by so doing
prevent the great inconvenience which might otherwise accrue to the person
holding that strip from the wilful or accidental injury or loss of the said bill,
note, or other security. And I, the said Daniel Beaumont Payne, do hereby
further declare that in addition to the common mode of dating bills, notes, and
other securities, the several dates thereof might be composed in horizontal
lines of the aforesaid characters and figures so as to express the said several

page_text: dates after the manner of Quakers, and to repeat the same in horizontal lines
entirely along some part of the faces of said bills, notes, or other securities,
according to the Drawing in the margin hereof, marked N° 12, wherein the
common figures (comprising a part of the said horizontal lines, of characters)
being vertically read from the highest to the lowest line, present the following
combination, 9: 10:0, the dotted lines whereof are merely partitions of the
several parts of the date, indicating the ninth day of the tenth month of the
year ending 0, or the ninth day of October 1810; the terminating figure of
the yearly notation being sufficient for the purpose intended by this Invention.
And I, the said Daniel Beaumont Payne, do hereby further declare that the
expression of the sums or consideration money of bills, notes, and other
securities may be composed in horizontal lines of the said characters and
figures, so as to impress and repeat the same entirely along a part of the
faces or the back of such bills, notes, and other securities, in addition to the
common mode of expressing the several sums, and consideration money
thereof, and in the manner set forth in the marginal Drawing marked N° 13,
which consists of a line of the characters and figures representing the number
5, with parallel lines above and below the said line of characters for the pur-
pose of preventing any wanton or fraudulent addition of another line of
characters, whereby the numerical indication or expression of the original
value or consideration money of bills, notes, or other securities might be
injuriously altered. Now, it may be casily understood that any vertical strip
of a bill, note, or other security so marked or imprinted either on the face
or on the back with the three combinations herein-before mentioned, as
expressive of the number, the date, and the value or consideration money
thereof, would furnish a description of the number, the date, and original
consideration money of the bill, note, or other security, from which the said
vertical strip had been accidentally or wilfully separated. And that the
general use of such characters and combinations would facilitate the reference
of bankers and others to their register books for the purpose of ascertaining the
fact whether or not the bills, notes, or other securities from which strips and
parts might be separated, were still available as securities, or would, if pro-
duced, be satisfactory collateral evidence of any debt, right, claim, or demand
whatsoever. And further, that if the words and figures expressive of the
consideration money, dates, and numbers of bills, notes, and other securities
were fraudulently, wantonly, or maliciously altered or defaced for the purpose
fraud, imposition, or otherwise, the said characters so applied as aforesaid
would satisfactorily demonstrate what had been the original consideration
money, dates, and numbers thereof, and in that respect afford protection and

page_text: valuable information to the public. And I, the said Daniel Beaumont Payne,
do hereby further declare, that in printing with the said type lines of cha-
racters for bankers or other persons, whose business may be upon a large
scale, it is intended that their bills, notes, and other securities shall be
numbered in regular arithmetical series, and after the first nine numbers shall
have been worked off by operations of ten numbers at each successive im-
pression, for example, if a chase be provided large enough to contain a form
for ten bills or notes of the common size, then for the first operation the
horizontal type lines for numbering nine bills or notes from N° 1 to N° 9
inclusive, must be set up (with a boundary line on each side of the numerical
lines to prevent fraudulent or wanton additions) as in the Drawing in the
margin hereof marked N° 14, and arranged in the chase according to the order
of the dotted lines in the Drawing in the margin hereof marked N° 15, wherein the
double lines marked A, A, A, A, represent the chase or frame, and the dotted
lines, the places of the numbers in regular series, which places must of course
be adjusted to the places allotted for the numbers in the copper plates of the
bills or notes for which they are intended. This being done, the form must
be put to the printing press, and as many impressions taken off as may be
required. Then the form must be altered for the next ten numbers of the
series, making No 10 to N° 19 inclusive, by putting the N° 10 in horizontal
lines in the place of the cypher and type lines of the character, and figure 1
for ten in the tens, placed by the side of the nine lines of the units of the
first nine numbers. This form being so prepared, and worked off in the like
manner as the first set, all the type lines of the character representing 1 in
the tens places must be changed for type lines of the character representing 2,
making thereby the numbers from 20 to 29 inclusive. In due course the
type lines of the character representing 2 in the tens places must be changed
for the type lines of the character representing 3, to make the numbers from
30 to 39 inclusive, and so in succession; the numbers must be composed and
changed to compleat the series from 1 to 100,000, if required, by progressively
changing the type lines in the numerical places of tens, hundreds, thousands,
and tens of thousands, but, the unit lines below the tens places will always
remain unchanged through the printing of the whole series of numbers. It
follows that if the series be 50,000, and twenty impressions be taken from
each setting of the press, one million of bills, notes, or other securities will
be thereby numbered, ready to be used in successive series of 50,000 in each
series, and to receive the additions of horizontal dates and sums at such times,
and, according to such valuations, as may be found expedient.
For the purpose of adding the dates and sums in horizontal type lines, the

page_text: work. must proceed in the following manner:-If an order be given for
the preparation of ten thousand one pound notes, let that quantity be taken
from the first series of numbered paper, and delivered to the printer, who
will thereupon set up according to his instructions a form for expressing the
date in the common mode of dating, and also in type lines of the characters
above mentioned, together with lines of the same character for expressing
the sums of ten notes in one chase, and then take and continue to take
successive impressions of that form until the lines expressive of the dates
and sums have been impressed on the whole ten thousand numbers. And if
another ten thousand numbers of the value of two pounds be ordered for the
same date as those of one pound, then, after the completion of the one pound
notes the horizontal type line of value, set up for the expression of ones may
be changed in the same chase for the type lines expressive of two's, and the
press will then be ready to execute the second order. Or another form and
press. might be prepared with the common dating, and horizontal lines of
dates and sums for ten two pound notes in one chase, so as to complete the
paper number 10,001 to 20,000 inclusive, and each description of notes might
then be going forward at the same time. A corresponding process may also
take place as to notes for any other sums or. dates, and for any given number;
however, it must be remarked that the greatest dispatch and accuracy would
certainly result to the business of bankers from having their paper made in
moulds for ten notes in one sheet, and also copper plates for imprinting a
whole sheet of ten notes of the same value at one operation. But the
Invention may be occasionally applied to any single bill, note, or other
security, although the foregoing explanations evince that the mode of working
by tens is contrived for. celerity and accuracy, and is principally applicable
to an extensive seale of business; nevertheless the manner of printing must
necessarily be varied according to the nature of the bills, notes, or other
securities to which the said characters may be occasionally applied.
'In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Beaumont Payne, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and ten.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fifteenth day of September,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Daniel Beaumont Payne came
before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year above written.