An Improved Arc Lamp with Magnetic Carbon Movement.
Year: 1898

page_text: An Improved Arc Lamp with Magnetic Carbon Movement.
I, FREDERIC KLOSTERMANN, 23, Avenue Parmentier, Paris, France Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
-
The present invention refers to an electric lamp based on the magnetic movement
of the carbons.
I will now describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings,
which serve to illustrate the principle and in which :-
Fig. 1. Shows a sectional elevation of a lamp constructed on my system.
Fig. 2. Shows a side view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3. Shows an elevation of the armature of the actuating bobbin.
Fig. 4. Is a side view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5. Is a front view of the regulating wheel of the carbons.
Fig. 6. Is a sectional plan view on the line a-b, in Fig. 5.
My lamp consists of a thick wire bobbin H with its moveable armature J, J¹,
an actuating bobbin Y and the moveable armature B¹ of same, with the blades D¹,
a spring lever D", a governing wheel, a brake Q and positive and negative carbon
carriers.
The current entering by the terminal A distributes itself in the mechanism, and
passes through the positive carbon carrier B, the passage of the current being
ensured by the wire C, which connects said carbon carrier to the mechanism. The
current then passes through the carbons which are in contact, ascends by the
negative carbon carrier, passes on to the insulated terminal E by means of the
sleeve F and by the flexible wire G, whence it passes through the thick wire
bobbin H and out by the terminal I.
By reason of the current traversing the bobbin H, the armature J is instantly
drawn towards the fixed armature K. Said armature J is surmounted by another
piece of non-magnetic material, copper for instance, same supporting a pulley L
around which passes the ribbon N which carries the negative carbon carrier.
Said armature is made in two pieces, one of which, J¹, is of non-magnetic material,
in order that the magnetism of the armature should not be transmitted to the
wheel 0.

page_text: Directly the current traverses the bobbin H, the armature J is magnetised, and
said magnetism is communicated by influence to the brake Q of soft iron which
then adheres to the wheel, whereas, when the current is broken, the brake Q not
being magnetised by influence, simply rests against the wheel 0 by reason of the
spring action R, being thus simply in contact without acting as a brake.
The armature J being attracted, the pulley L descends the same distance, and
the ribbon N which supports the negative carbon carrier also descends. The
negative carbon is thus separated from the positive carbon, and the arc light
manifests itself.
The wheel O, upon which acts the brake Q, is made in one piece with its axle
and is made of a magnetisable and demagnetisable material, such as, for instance
cast iron. At each end of the axle of said wheel is made fast a ribbon N and
N of non-conductive material, as for instance silk. These ribbons are rolled on
the axis in inverse directions in such a way that when the negative carbon carrier
ascends, the positive carbon carrier descends. The negative carbon carrier is com-
posed of a stem or rod D), which slides easily in a sleeve or tube F which forms a
guide, said tube being fixed to the insulated terminal E. This stem or rod D is
furnished at its upper part with a fixed forked arm M¹, electrically insulated.
The fork of said arm slides on the rod or stem P¹ so as to prevent the rod 1) from
turning.
The positive carbon carrier is formed of a rod B sliding freely in the bottom plate
of the lamp, this stem or rod is fixed at its lower end to a cross-piece T, this being
effected by means of two small spherical plates R R, said cross-piece T is insulated
and fixed on a sleeve S, which slides loosely on the guide F.
The small spherical plates R R have this great advantage that they easily join
the rod B and crosspiece T by fixing same on their respective axes and thus render
it possible to make the joint perfectly true.
As the current passes through the lamp, a secondary current is taken off by
the spring lever UU₁, said spring lever consisting of a spring blade U and a small
piece of soft iron U¹."
Against this piece U¹ rests an insulated piece V same being fixed on to the
armature B¹ of the actuating bobbin Y.
The contact between the lever U U¹ and the piece V is obtained by a platinum
point F. The current then passes from U₁ to the piece V and on to the bobbin Y,
by means of the wire X which joins this piece V to the bobbin Y whence the
current passes on to the insulated terminal E and out by the bobbin H.
The armature B also carries at its top part a small bearing V1 insulated from V,
which supports a number of small soft iron blades D¹ which are separated from
one another by a non-magnetic material, as for instance copper. A blade D"
of non-magnetic material, prevents the blades D' from adhering to the armature B¹.
The current passing through the bobbin Y, the armature B1 is magnetised and
drawn towards the armature A¹ against the action of the spring C¹.
This drawing together is proportionate in strength according to the force of the
current which traverses the bobbin Y.
The magnetism of the armature communicates itself by influence to the blades I)'
which then apply themselves on to and adhere to the ring O.
Little by little, as the are grows, the secondary current becomes stronger and the
magnetism of B' increases. B is thus drawn more strongly towards the arma-
ture A. By thus descending, this armature causes the wheel O to turn slightly
through the intermediary of the blades D₁, and against the strength of the brake Q.
In turning, the wheel O winds the ribbon N of the negative carbon-carrier round
the axle, and unwinds the ribbon N¹ of the positive carbon carrier.
In this way the negative carbon carrier ascends and the positive carbon carrier
descends, thus bringing the carbons together.
The armature B₁ being magnetised communicates by influence its magnetism
to the armature of an insulated piece of soft iron V which draws towards it the
piece of soft iron U¹, in such a way that the lever U descends at the same time as
the armature B¹ and the current continues to flow.

page_text: After descending a certain distance, however, the armature U¹ meets and is
stopped by the fixed screw E¹, whereas the armature B₁ continues to descend.
An interruption is thus produced in the contact between the armature V¹, and the
platinum point F¹, the secondary current no longer passes in the bobbin Y,
the magnetisation stops and U1 being no longer attracted springs up by reason
of the spring action U, the blades D¹ abandon the wheel O (which was kept
stationary by the brake Q) the armature B¹ rises, by reason of the spring action C,
the platinum point. F' again comes in contact with U', the secondary current again
flows and the same action takes place, each time drawing the carbons nearer to
each other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
B¹,
1. A lamp composed of an armature J, surmounted by a piece of non-magnetic
material J¹, same carrying a pulley L, a brake Q, a wheel O, blades D¹ mounted
on the armature B¹, a piece V also mounted on the armature
the spring lever U U¹, the negative and positive carbon carriers, the
first consisting of the rod 1) the arm M¹ and the guide F, the second
consisting of the rod B the two small spherical plates R R, the crosspiece T, the
sleeve S, sliding on the guide of the negative carbon carrier, as herein described
and set forth.
2. In a lamp as specified in Claim 1 the combination of two pieces J, J¹, the
latter of which is formed of non-magnetic material, in order to prevent the mag-
netism in J from being transmitted to the wheel O, as herein described and set
forth.
3. In a lamp as specified in Claim 1 the wheel O made in one piece with its
axis and composed of a magnetisable and demagnetisable material, as herein
described and set forth.
4. In a lamp, such as specified in Claim 1, the combination of a brake Q with
the wheel O, said brake being in constant cantact with the wheel O, as herein
described and set forth.
5. In a lamp as specified in Claim 1, the combination of the blades D' with the
armature B and the wheel 0, as herein described and set forth.
6. In a lamp as specified in Claim 1, the combination of the lever U U¹ with the
piece V of the armature B¹ with the object of making and breaking the secondary
current.
7. In a lamp as specified in Claim 1, a positive carbon carrier, as herein described
and set forth.
8. In a lamp as specified in Claim 1, a negative carbon carrier as herein
described and set forth.
Dated this ath d
STI
1000
S. S. BROMHEAD,
Patent Agent, 171, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.