IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William' Wood, of Monkhill House, near Pontefract,
in the County of York, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th July 1856.
..
I, WILLIAM WOOD, of Monkhill House, near Pontefract, in the County of
York, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS," to
be as follows:
The Invention relates to the weaving of such fabrics where the terry or pile
surface is obtained by the aid of what are called loose wires, that is, such as
are not, when in use, constantly fixed to their carriers or holders; and the
improvements: consist in employing, for the purpose of inserting such wires,
two lever arms, each of which is capable of being attached for a time to a wire,
one for the purpose of effecting the insertion of them into the open shed, and
the other the withdrawal of them from the pile of the fabric.
These lever arms have each a stud or catch or holding means formed on or
affixed to their lower ends, so that when the catch or holder of the with-
drawing lever is brought near the selvage of the fabric and in contact with the

page_text: head of a wire, it will attach itself thereto, and on its receding, draw out a
wire, when the head of such wire will be transferred by suitable mechanism to
the catch or holder of the other lever arm, whilst the other or inner end of the
wire will be laid on to a rest plate or support ready to be reinserted into the
open shed, by the movement of that arm towards the shed ready to be beaten
up and woven into the fabric; at the same time the other or withdrawing
arm moves up towards the fabric to attach itself to the head of another, the
rearmost wire.
For the correct guidance of the ends of the lever arms, I sometimes apply
guide bars to act with them, and so arranged that the lower ends of the lever
arms are at such a distance from one another that one is opposite the rearmost
wire in the fabric, whilst the other is opposite that part of the shed into which
the wire is inserted.
-
Also the improvements relate to employing a double or forked lever arm
with apparatus to act in lieu of the two arms before referred to.
Also the improvements relate to arranging such lever or forked arms to act
without the mechanism for transferring the wire from the one arm or part of
fork to the other, except the guide bars and their catch or holding. pieces.
This is effected by inclining the back guide bar so that its outer end may
approach near to the other at the part furthest from the fabric; and the back
or inserting arm is made yielding or flexible; & when the arms are drawn
out the back guide bar presses the catch or holder of the flexible or inserting
arm into contact with the head of the wire, which has been drawn out by the
front lever arm or part of arm, and attaches itself to that wire head, and being
placed somewhat further out or in advance of the front arm or part of arm, it
is pressed against that part of the head of the wire which overhangs the catch
or holder of the withdrawing arm where the front guide bar is recessed, so
that part of the head of the wire may be unsupported. By the pressure given
the inserting arm then detaches the wire from the withdrawing arm, and fixes
the head of the wire to itself; at the same time the pressure on the unsup-
ported part of the head of the wire throws forward and towards the wide part
of the shed and up to the stop piece the end of the wire nearest the fabric.
The arms are then advanced, and the wire thereby inserted into the shed; such
wire is then pushed off the catch or holder of the inserting arm by the advance
of the reed, and placed in its proper position to be bound in the fabric. The
back guide bar being furthest apart at the end next the fabric, allows the
inserting arm to open out or advance up the incline thus formed by the bar,
so as to come opposite the middle part of the shed when the end of the arm is
nearest the fabric.

page_text: Although I have mentioned the back guide bar as the one inclined, and the
front one as straight or at right angles to the side of the loom, I do not con-
fine myself to this arrangement so long as one bar is inclined to the other, or
they incline to each other, and the parts acting therewith are arranged to suit.
The improvements also relate to the use of such combined guide bars as
supports and guides to carriers, when one carrier is used for the insertion and
another for the withdrawal of loose wires; the to-and-fro movement of such
carriers being effected by levers or other suitable means; and the transference
of the wires from one carrier to the other is by means such as before
referred to.
The improvements also relate to employing, inserting, and withdrawing
apparatus to operate upon loose wires on both sides of looms for weaving pile
fabrics. Hitherto in such looms such apparatus has always been placed on
one side only of the loom, and the heads of the wires have consequently laid
on one side only of the loom, by which arrangement the mechanism for insert-
ing and withdrawing the wires is, as a consequence, much hurried and
unsteady, especially if the loom is worked at great speed; and the heads of the
wires being so close to one another, a difficulty is experienced in catching with
certainty only one of them at a time; whereas by using apparatus on both sides
of the loom for operating loose wires, more time is allowed to the operation of
the parts, and greater steadiness and certainty is the result; also by placing
the heads of the wires alternately at the right and left hand sides of the loom,
a space equal to the thickness of a wire is left between the heads of every two
wires.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Wood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WOOD, of Monkhill House, near Pontefract, in the County of York, Gentle-
man, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Wood, Her special licence that I, the said William Wood, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Wood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree

page_text: with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Wood, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be-filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Wood, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
The Invention relates to the weaving of such fabrics where the terry or pile
surface is obtained by the aid of what are called loose wires, that is, such as
are not, when in use, constantly fixed to their carriers or holders; and the
improvements consist in employing, for the purpose of inserting such wires;
two lever arms, each of which is capable of being attached for a time to a wire,
one-for the purpose of effecting the insertion thereof into the open shed, and
the other the withdrawal of it from the pile of the fabric. These lever arms
have each a stud or catch or holding means formed on or affixed to their lower
ends, so that when the catch or holder of the withdrawing lever is brought near
the selvage of the fabric and in contact with the head of a wire, it will attach
itself thereto, and on its receding draw out such wire, when the head of such
wire will be transferred by suitable mechanism to the catch or holder of the
other lever arm, whilst the other or inner end of the wire will be laid on to a
rest plate or support ready to be reinserted into the open shed, by the move-
ment of that arm towards the shed ready to be beaten up and woven into the
fabric; at the same time the other or withdrawing arm moves up towards the
fabric to attach itself to the head of another, the rearmost wire.
For the correct guidance of the ends of the lever arms, I sometimes apply
guide bars to act with them, and so arranged that the lower ends of the
lever arms are at such a distance from one another that one is opposite the
rearmost wire in the fabric, whilst the other is opposite that part of the shed
into which the wire is inserted.
Also the improvements relate to employing a double or forked lever arm
it annamatue to not in lion of the trun arms before referred to.

page_text: Also the improvements relate to arranging such lever or forked arms to act
without the mechanism' for transferring the wire from the one arm or part of
fork to the other, except the guide bars and their catch or holding pieces.
This is effected by inclining the back guide bar so that its outer end may
approach near to the other at the part furthest from the fabric; and the back
or inserting arm is made yielding or flexible; and when the arms are drawn out
the back guide bar presses the catch or holder of the flexible or inserting arm
into contact with the head of the wire, which has been drawn out by the front
lever arm or part of arm, and attaches itself to that wire head, and being
placed somewhat further out or in advance of the front arm or part of
arm, it is pressed against that part of the head of the wire which overhangs
the catch or holder of the withdrawing arm where the front guide bar is
recessed, so that part of the head of the wire may be unsupported. By
the pressure given the inserting arm then detaches the wire from the
withdrawing arm, and fixes the head of the wire to itself; at the same time
the pressure on the unsupported part of the head of the wire throws forward
and towards the wide part of the shed and up to the stop piece the end of
the wire nearest the fabric. The arms are then advanced, and the wire
thereby inserted into the shed; such wire is then pushed off the catch or
holder of the inserting arm by the advance of the reed, and placed in its proper
position to be bound in the fabric. The back guide bar being furthest apart
at the end next the fabric, allows the inserting arm to open out or advance up
the incline thus formed by the bar, so as to come opposite the middle part
of the shed where the end of the arm is nearest the fabric. Although
I have mentioned the back guide bar as the one inclined, and the front.
one as straight, or at right angles to the side of the loom, I do not con-
fine myself to this arrangement, so long as one bar is inclined to the other, or
they incline to each other, and the parts acting therewith are arranged to suit.
The improvements also relate to the use of such combined guide bars
as supports and guides to carriers, when one carrier is used for the insertion,
and another for the withdrawal of loose wires, the to-and-fro movement of
such carriers being effected by levers or other suitable means; and the trans-
ference of the wires from one carrier to the other by means such as before
referred to.
The improvements also relate to employing, inserting, and withdrawing
apparatus, to operate upon loose wires on both sides of looms for weaving pile
fabrics. But that the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner I
carry the same into effect may be fully-understood, I will proceed to describe
the Drawings annexed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a front view, Figure 2 a sectional end view, and Figure 3
other parts at the right-hand end of a loom, and parts for carrying out the
first part of my improvements; and Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11,
detail views of the same. a, a, is the main framing of the loom; b, the main
or crank axis, which receives motion from a steam engine, or other power,
acting by a strap or band upon the drum or pulley 6, fixed on that shaft b;
62, being a loose pulley, upon which to shift the driving band when required
to stop the motions of the loom. Upon this axis 6 is also-affixed the toothed
wheel c, which takes into and gives motion to the toothed wheel d, affixed
upon the cam or tappet shaft e.
Figure 9 shews separate views of portion of a pilo wire with a head
attached thereto, suitable for carrying out my improvements; and in carrying
out these improvements, I prefer that the heads of the wires be considerably
thicker than the wires themselves, say about one-fourth of an inch, in order to
insure better holding thereof by the withdrawing means, and facility is given
for the heads being of such increased thickness by the length of wire shewn
from the head to the selvage of the fabric; though I do not confine myself to
that particular form of head, or to the increased thickness thereof, as the same
may be varied. f is the lever arm, by which the insertion of the pile wires is
successively effected; 9 is that by which the withdrawal of them is obtained.
These lever arms are both affixed to an axis h, which turns in fixed bearings,
carried by the main framing as shewn, and has also affixed to it the arm h¹,
which by a link, h², is connected to the lever h³, which turns upon an axis of
motion h, and carries the truck or roller h³, by which it receives motion from
the cam or tappet ho, which I prefer to be a rim cam, in order that the lever
h³ may be caused to follow its course, and thereby give the requisite to-and-fro
motions to the levers f and g.
In describing the operations of inserting and withdrawing the pile wires, I
will suppose that fabric has been produced, and wires have been inserted by
the inserting arm, and (as is the case by the arrangement of parts shewn)
that the withdrawing arm has simultaneously gone into position to withdraw
one of the wires for reinsertion; and I would here state, that to facilitate
both of these operations, the wire heads z, as shewn by Figure 9, have notches
or recesses 2, 3, formed in them to be taken into by the catch or holding
parts of the withdrawing instrument in the act of withdrawing each wire from
the formed fabric. g' is a holding part formed on or affixed to the lower end
of the lever arm g; and g² is a corresponding holding part forming the catch

page_text: or holding means thereto. This part g2 is capable of sliding on the arm g,
with a tendency to be constantly borne towards the part of catch g¹ by means
of the spring g' of india-rubber, or other suitable material, whilst it is guided
by studs passing through suitable slots as shewn. The heads of the wires for
the time in the fabric are supported by resting upon the fixed plate i, which at
its front end is turned up, as shewn at i, to form a stop for those heads, by
which the head of the frontmost wire, or that to be withdrawn, is held in
position to be taken by the catch g', g³, of the arm g, and in the movement of
the lower end of the arm g to withdraw a wire, the part g¹ slightly raises the
head of the wire until that part g¹ passes into the lower notch s¹, and at the
same time the upper part 9' of the catch is raised by the wire head until it
falls into the upper notch. The movement of the lower end of the lever
arm g back to the extreme right will then withdraw that wire from the fabric;
and so soon as its head is withdrawn from the stop t, the pressure of the
heads of the other wires will immediately cause the head of the wire next to
that being withdrawn to come forward and rest against that stop it, by which
the wire being withdrawn will be pushed over the top of the stop ; and to
facilitate this there is a projection from the plate i, which projection passes
under some of the wires next to be withdrawn, so as to prevent the stem of
the one being withdrawn passing between the head of the wire next to be
withdrawn and the stop, and facilitate its falling on to the support j. This
tendency of the wire to fall on to the support ; is facilitated by the form of
the holding means applied to the arm g. The support j also by its form acts
at the part as a stop piece to the wires, to prevent their points going too
near the reed; and it also serves at the part j³, by resting on the wires near
their heads, to prevent those heads rising off the plate i. As each wire in
succession is withdrawn from the fabric by the arm g, the catch or holding
means to that arm conducts the points of the head of each wire into the
slotted opening & formed in the sliding piece k', which at such time is in
position to receive it; and this slotted opening is so placed that as a wire head
is conducted therein, such head is slightly raised, as is shewn by Figure 5; in
order that, when that sliding piece has motion-given to it towards the back
of the loom, the head may be lifted over the catch g¹; and there is also a
projection 9, on the slide g², which, as that end of the lever arm 9 comes
towards the slide ³, is acted upon by the part of that slide k', by which the
catch g' is lifted from the head of the wire to release it.
And the cam or tappet by which motions are given to the levers ƒ and g is
so arranged as to give a rest to those levers whilst the slide ¹ transfers the
head of the wire from the lever g to the lever f. This transference is effected

page_text: 1
by the sliding at such time of the slide k¹ into a position to lay the head of
the wire against the lever arm f. This movement by the slide k¹ is effected
by means of the cam or tappet upon the shaft e, acting upon the truck or
bowl of the lever, which turns upon a centre of motion at ks, and at its
other end is by a link connected to the lever k³, which turns upon a centre
of motion at ', whilst its upper end has a pin which passes into a slot formed
in the plate ko, and this plate 10 passes through a slot formed in the fixed
plate a¹ to the slide to which it is connected. The armf carries the holding
instrument f, f, the parts of which are formed to take into the recesses.s¹,.,
of the wire heads. The part fl of the catch or holder to the arm f is formed
on or affixed to the lower end of that arm, whilst the part f is capable of
sliding thereon, and is guided in so sliding by pins f³, there being slots, as
shewn, to admit of sufficient movement to this slide: The part f³ is also
borne towards the part by an india-rubber or other suitable spring f. The
surfaces of the parts f and f, which hold to the heads of the wire, are, like
those parts of the catch g', 9, formed with projecting edges as shewn, so as to
prevent those heads from slipping off therefrom, and the slide & carries the
head of each wire over the projecting edge of the part f¹, and at the same
time the slide is raised by the projection f being acted upon by the pro-
jection of the slide ; but so soon as the arm f moves towards the open
shed, the projection f is drawn off the projection ³, when the lower end of
the slide presses upon the head of the wire at the upper notch s³, whilst
the lower notch ¹ falls on to and is retained by the projection f¹, and thus the
wires are in succession held to be conducted into the open shed. When the
arm has carried a wire fully into the open shed, a holding instrument, l,
comes forward, and enters the hole in such wire head, and at the same time
the part comes under the projection f of the slide f¹ to raise it, and thus
the wire head is freed from the parts f¹ and f, so that the instrument / may
in coming further forward hold that wire by its head steadily against the
others, till it is tied in by the shoots of weft. Motion is given to the instru
ment'l from the axis e by the cam 13 fixed thereon acting upon the truck of
the lever, which turns upon the axis P, and at its upper end is connected to
the rod, of which the parts l, I, form a part. In case the elasticity of the
wires in the fabric should not be found sufficient to take the heads fully up to
the stop, the movement of the instrument to take the head of the fresh
wire up to the heads of those in the fabric will have a tendency to do so.
As each wire is withdrawn from the fabric for reinsertion, and its point
falls on to the support j, it is moved backwards along the support; for correct
insertion by the upper end of the finger or lever p, which turns upon a fixed

page_text: centre p', whilst it is, by a connecting link p³, attached to the lever p³ which
turns upon a centre of motion and is operated by the cam p³ upon the
axis e.
In order to avoid vibration to the arms f and g, I sometimes employ guides
(m, n) to them, one of which is shewn by red lines in Figure 1 and separately
at Figure 12. And in place of employing two separate arms with apparatus as
explained, one for withdrawing and the other for inserting independent wires,
only one arm actuated as required may be employed with its end forked and.
provided with apparatus suitable for taking hold of the heads of the wires
to withdraw and then reinsert them in succession.
Another part of the improvements is shewn by front and end views at
Figures 13 and 14, and by the detailed views at Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
and 20. The mode of operating, as illustrated by these Figures, differs but
slightly and only in matters of detail from that shewn and described in respect
of Figures 1 to 12; and, so far as the parts are similar, they are marked with
the same letters of reference; but in this case the arm fis formed of steel or
otherwise elastic, with a tendency to spring backwards, and it is guided and
governed in position for taking the heads of each wire by the guide bar mas
they are in succession drawn out from the fabric for reinsertion, whilst the
arm g is guided and controlled by the guide bar n, as shewn by the red lines,
in Figure 1 and by the separate view Figure 12.
The lower end of the arm f is also somewhat in advance of that part of the
arm g, and the heads of the wires used in carrying out this part of the
improvements, are also formed with another pair of notches or recesses,
by which the catch or holding means of the elastic arm f may take hold of them.
Supposing, as in the former case, that the loom has been in operation so as
to insert wires, and by the movement of the arm 9 towards the fabric a wire
has just been inserted, whist by the movement in the opposite direction of
that arm, one should be withdrawn, the operation of taking hold of the head
of a wire to withdraw it, would be similar to that described in respect of
Figures 1 and 2; but in place of employing the transferring apparatus for.
transferring from the arm g to the arm f, the guide m is inclined so as to.
cause the flexible arm f, as its end approaches the right hand end of the.
machine, to approach more towards the front of the loom, and be in position to
receive from the arm g the wire just withdrawn from the fabric.. This is
effected in the following manner :-The part of the catch or projection f¹ on.
the lower end of the spring arm fis inclined, so that as it approaches the head
of a wire which is being drawn out by the arm g, it gradually comes under
and lifts that head above the holding part of the catch g', whilst a projection f"

page_text: from the part of the catch f" by coming over the wire head, the wire head in
rising raises that part of the catch till the wire head is between both parts f
and f of the catch, at the same time a projection f from the slide f* comes
under a projection go from the slide g² to raise that slide from its hold of the
wire head, and just when the wire is fully withdrawn, and its head has been
taken hold of by the parts f, f, of the spring arm f, the arm f, by pushing
against the projection o' of the catch o, causes that catch to turn upon its
centre o³, affixed to the front guide bar n, so as to release that end of the back
guide bar m from being held (as shown by dotted lines) by the stop of the
catch o, by which the elastic force of the spring arm f will be such as to cause
the arm m to turn upon its centre of motion m³, as indicated at Figure 16.
when, by the spring arm f taking with it from the arm g the wire last with-
drawn from the fabric, that wire head will be sufficiently removed from the
holding parts of the withdrawing arm g to be uninterrupted thereby in its
movement towards the shed; and so soon as the armf begins to press against
the outer end of the wire head just withdrawn from the fabric, the tendency
is to throw the point of that wire in a direction towards the open shed and
against the fixed stop without the necessity in all cases for the finger or
lever p described in respect of Figures 1 and 2. The wires in each case being
controlled in their movement back to the open shed by the fixed support j
the strop o' to the catch o prevents the guide m going back too far; and when
in the movement of the arms f, g, towards the fabric, the arm f has passed the
axis m² of that guide, the elastic force of the spring arm f acts upon that guide
to bring back the right hand end thereof to its position in the recess between
the stops o¹ and o³ of the catch o; and when the arm ƒ has carried its wire
fully into the shed, an instrument / comes forward so that that point may
enter the hole in the wire head and lift it somewhat so that it may clear the
projection, and also that the part & may come under the projection f to
raise the catch so that the head of the wire may be released from the
holding means of the arm f, and be by the instrument Z laid and held against
the other wires in the fabric until it is tied in by the shoots of weft, or tho
wire may be pushed off the catch or holding, means of the arm f by the beating
up of the reed.
ZL
I would again state that although the back guide bar is that shown to
incline and the front to be straight or at right angles to the side of the loom,
this may be varied with the parts acting therewith. Combined guide bars,
such as referred to for guiding the arms f and g, may also be employed when
in place of the holding means to the wires being affixed to and forming parts
of the arms by which the insertion or withdrawal of the wires is effected, such

page_text: holding means as referred to are attached to separate plates or carriers, one of
which is used for withdrawing and the other for inserting the wires; which
plates or carriers are supported upon and guided by suitable guide bars m
and n, and the movement to such carriers being given by levers or other suitable
actuating means, whilst the transference of the wire from the withdrawing
apparatus to the inserting apparatus is by means such as already referred to,
but I have not thought it necessary to shew Drawings of this adaptation of
the parts, as the same will readily be understood by a skilful workman
acquainted with such machinery.
I will now describe the last part of the improvements. Hitherto in such
looms, apparatus for inserting and withdrawing loose wires has, to the best of
my belief, always been placed on one side only of the loom, and the heads of the
wires have consequently laid on one side only of the loom, by which arrange-
ment the mechanism for inserting and withdrawing the wires is as a conse-
quence much hurried and unsteady, especially if the loom is worked at great
speed; and the heads of the wires being so close to one another, a difficulty is
experienced in catching with certainty only one of them at a time; whereas
by using apparatus on both sides of the loom for operating such loose wires,
more time is allowed to the operation of the parts, and greater steadiness and
certainty is the result; also by placing the heads of the wires alternately at
the right and left hand sides of the loom a space equal to the thickness of a
wire is left between the heads of every two wires.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the best means
I am acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein shewn and
described, so long as the peculiar character of any part thereof be retained;
but what I do claim is, the arranging and combining parts of looms used in
the manufacture of pile fabrics whereby lever arms, with catch or holding
means applied thereto, are adapted to take hold of what are called loose or
independent pile wires, for the purpose of inserting and withdrawing such pile
wires in succession, in manner substantially as explained.
Also I claim the adaptation of parts whereby each wire as withdrawn from
the fabric is transferred to the apparatus by which it is carried into the open
shed, acting substantially as explained.
Also I claim the application of a double or forked arm, with parts adapted
to take hold of the heads of loose or independent pile wires to effect the
insertion and withdrawal of them in lieu of two arms or levers, as explained.
Also I claim the arrangement and adaptation of parts whereby one lever
arm is formed yielding so as to admit of its coming into position to receive the

page_text: wire from the other lever arm, as explained in respect of Figures 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, & 20. And also the so arranging such parts that the trans-
ference of the wire from one of such arms to the other is readily effected, and
whereby the point of the wire is directed to the open shed, substantially as
explained.
Also I claim the use of such combined guide bars as supports to carriers
having catches or holders affixed to them such as before referred to, one of
such carriers or holders being used for the purpose of inserting, and the other
for withdrawing loose wires, with transferring means to transfer the wires from
the holding means of one carrier to those of the other as explained.
Also I claim the adaptation to looms for weaving pile fabrics, of apparatus
at both sides or selvages of the fabric for the insertion of pile wires of the
loose or independent kind, or such as are not permanently fixed to the-means.
by which they are inserted into the shed and withdrawn from the woven.
fabric.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven:
Witness,
WILLIAM BROOKS,
Patent Agent.
WILLIAM WOOD. (L.S.)