IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS AND IN SAFETY VALVES THEREFOR, OR FOR OTHER STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Santiago Barton, of 23, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, Engineer, for the Invention of
** IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS AND IN SAFETY VALVES THEREFOR,
OR FOR OTHER STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS,'
"
Sealed the 16th October 1875, and dated the 7th August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Santiago.
Barton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th August 1875.
I, JAMES SANTIAGO BARTON, of 23, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM' GENERATORS AND IN SAFETY VALVES.
THEREFOR, OR FOR OTHER STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in steam boilers consists in so con-
structing and arranging the various parts that the boiler may be easily
and expeditiously manufactured, and also contain a large proportion of
heating surface compared with its capacity.

page_text: To fulfil these important conditions I construct and arrange my boiler
as follows: I build a brick-casing divided into-chambers-sufficiently.
large to contain the furnace and the required number of boiler flues.
At the lower part of the front chamber is the furnace consisting of
ordinary fire-bars laid side by side, and reaching the whole distance
across the chamber, and resting on ledges let into the side walls of the
chamber, the furnace being fed through a door in the side wall. The
boiler is of the multitubular form, but with the tubes depending
vertically and supported only from the top.
Across the top of the brick chambers, and through an opening left
for the purpose, are cast-iron tubes supported at their ends on the brick-
work, and being so built in that no heat can pass through into the
atmosphere from the top of these tubes, and about midway of their
length pass short lengths of vertical tubes with flange connections
joining on to a cast-iron chamber or steam dome, which is open to all
the tubes, and receives steam from each. The steam dome is fitted in
the ordinary way with safety valves and steam pipe. From each top
horizontal tube hangs a series of vertical water tubes carried by through
bolts, and so arranged as to lie close together and occupy but little space
in the chambers, the lower ends of, each vertical water tube fit into a
hole in a cast-iron water chamber, and a similar chamber fits on to the
top of the tubes. The ends of the tubes are slightly bevilled, and
the holes in the chambers bored conical so as to ensure a good and
easy fit.
When the tubes are put into the chambers a through bolt is passed up
the centre tube, and a nut put on the top. When this nut is tightened
up the tubes are forced into the chamber, and the whole series held up
by the bolt on to the top horizontal tube. Should either of these tubes
become unfitted for use it may be taken out and replaced by a new one
by merely unscrewing the bolt.
Alternating with the series of small tubes are single tubes rather
larger in diameter connected with the top horizontal tube and the
lower chamber by a through bolt in a similar manner to the smaller
ones.
.
In the large vertical tubes the water occupies the whole space between
the bolt and the inner side of the tube, but in the smaller tubes the
arrangement is different. In these the tubes are double, an inner one

page_text: having a passage through for the heated gases from the furnace, and the
outer one fitting into the chambers, the water merely occupying the
space between the two tubes, the heated gases passing freely on cach
side. Within the water space in each small tube is a spiral wire equal
in thickness to the space, the object of this arrangement being that the
water is compelled to ascend the tube in a spiral form, keeping it longer
in contact with the heated sides of the tubes, and increasing the circula-
tion of the water.
The heated gases from the furnace pass round the large.tubes and
through and also round the small tubes, and after having enveloped each
tube in the first chamber pass over the partition and into the second
chamber, passing through and round the tubes, and then up the flue.
This system may be extended or contracted to any extent by merely
altering the number of tubes and chambers, as may be desired.
In connection with my improved boiler and otherwise I use my
improved safety valve, consisting of an outer casing fixed in the usual
way upon the dome. Within this casing is a circular lift valve resting
on double-faced seatings. Above this valve is a steam space communi-
cating by a side hole with a vertical cylindrical chamber containing a
small independent valve; this small valve is guided in its motion by
side feathers, and rests on a brass seating. Passing through the valve is
a light rod carrying at its lower end a balance weight.
When the steam is within the allowed maximum pressure it passes up
by the small spindle, and on to the top of the large valve, keeping it
in equilibrium, but when the pressure becomes excessive it raises the
small valve and allows it free escape into the atmosphere, at the same
time by raising the spindle it closes the steam aperture, so that the
steam being prevented from getting on the top side of the large valve
the pressure on the under side raises it and allows the steam free escape.
This improved valve is applicable not merely to my improved steam
generator or boiler but to any steam generator or boiler.

page_text: --SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Santiago Barton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
SANTIAGO BARTON, of 23, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
London, Engineer, send greeting.
.
⚫ WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said James Santiago Barton, Her special license
that I, the said James Santiago Barton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Santiago Barton, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
** IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS AND IN SAFETY VALVES THEREFOR, OR FOR
OTHER STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Santiago Barton, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Santiago Barton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
-
My Invention of improvements in steam generators and in safety
valves therefor or for other steam generators consists in so constructing
and arranging the various parts that the boiler may be casily and
expeditiously manufactured, also to contain a large proportion of heating
surface compared with its capacity, and also to take up or absorb the

page_text: greater portion of the heated products of combustion, thereby econo-
mising fuel.
To fulfil these important conditions I construct and arrange my
improved generator as follows:-I build a brick casing divided into
chambers sufficiently large to contain the furnace and the required
number of boiler flues and tubes. At the lower part of the front
chamber is the furnace, consisting of ordinary fire-bars laid side by side
and reaching the whole distance across the chamber, the furnace being
fed through a door in the side or end wall. The boiler is of the multi-
tubular form, but with the tubes depending vertically and supported
only from the top.
Across the top of the brick chambers and through an opening left for
the purpose are cast-iron tubes supported at their ends and in the middle
when required on the brickwork, and being so built in that no heat can
pass through into the atmosphere. These tubes are laid with a slight
inclination towards the front end. At the top of each tube and near to
the front or in any other convenient part of its length pass short lengths
of vertical tubes with flange connections joining on to a cast or wrought-
iron chamber or steam dome open to the tubes and receiving steam from
cach. The steam dome is fitted in the ordinary way with a safety valve
and steam pipe. I prefer using my improved safety valve as herein-
after described and illustrated, but any ordinary safety valve may be
used if desired. From each top horizontal tube hang series of vertical
water tubes carried or supported by through bolts, and so arranged as to
hang close together and occupy but little space in the chambers. The
lower ends of all the small vertical water tubes rest upon and in cast-
iron water chambers, corresponding chambers fitting on the top of the
tubes. These cast-iron chambers are of a globular form, but any other
form may be used if desired, and may be made to accommodate three,
four, or other number of small water tubes, as desired. The ends of the
tubes are slightly coned and rest upon flat surfaces in and on the
globular chambers, or the tubes may rest on metal washers, which may
be replaced with the tubes when required so as to ensure a good and
easy fit.
:
When the tubes are put into the chambers a through bolt is passed
up the centre tube and a nut put on the top, and all the tubes in a
pair of chambers drawn together; the end of the upper chamber is

page_text: then inserted in the top horizontal tube and fastened by means of
another nut on the through bolt, the joint being made by placing
a metal ring of conical section between the flanges and fastening down
on it. Should either of the small tubes become unfitted for use it
may be taken out and replaced by a new one by merely unscrewing the
bolts.
Alternating with the series of small tubes large single tubes may be
used, connected with the top horizontal tube by a through bolt in a
similar manner to the smaller, or if desired the small tubes may be
used entirely throughout the series.
The top horizontal tube may be made in sections with inside flanges,
and the joints made by metal rings.
The small vertical tubes consist of two parts, an inner and outer
casing or double tube, the space between being for the passage of the
water, and the inner space for the passage of heated gases.
A spiral
wire is placed in the water spaces, so as to compel the water in passing
through them to travel in a spiral form, thereby passing over a greater
amount of heating surface. The centre or inner of each series of
tubes are larger than the outer ones to admit of two water spaces, one
for the up and the other for the down travel of the water, to ensure
through circulation, and also to admit of the through bolt.
The heated gases from the furnace pass around and through each double
tube, and after having enveloped each tube in the first chamber pass
over the partition, where similar tubes are served in a similar manner,
the gases then passing down through the series of tubes in the second
chamber, and escaping at the bottom into the chimney.
In connection with my improved boiler I use my improved safety
valve consisting of an outer casing fixed in the usual manner upon the
steam dome. Within this casing is a circular lift valve resting on double-
faced scatings; above this valve is a steam space communicating by a
side hole with a vertical cylindrical chamber containing a small inde-
pendent valve. This small valve is guided in its motion by side feathers,
and rests on a brass seating; passing the small valve is a light rod con-
nected at its lower end to a lever, the other end of the lever carrying a
float. At the side of the valve is an air chamber or receiver encased by a
non-conducting materials, and connected to the valve and float recess
by a tube, and the float recess is charged with mercury or other heavy

page_text: fluid; or the small valve may be actuated by a weight or spring in lieu
of mercury, and its consequent arrangements.
When the steam is within the allowed maximum pressure it passes up
by the small spindle, and on to the top of the large valve, keeping it in
cquilibrium, but when the pressure becomes excessive it presses down
the mercury in the recess, and the float by its own gravity opens the
small valve, thereby allowing the steam from the top side of the large
valve to escape into the atmosphere, and the pressure being taken off
the top side allows the pressure underneath the valve to lift the large
valve, and give free escape to the overcharged steam from the boiler.
Now when the pressure of the steam is reduced to a desired or normal
degree, then the compressed air forces down the mercury, lifting up the
float, thereby shutting the small valve, and allowing the steam free
access to the top side of the large valve which closes it from the
atmosphere. The small valve can be weighted or held down by a small
weight or spring in lieu of mercury and the arrangements when mercury
is used.
And in order that my Invention may be better understood, and.
more readily carried into operation, I will now proceed to describe the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
Sheet I. shews my improved boiler with the furnace door at the front,
and with series of six tubes each.
Sheet II. shews my improved boiler with the furnace door at the side,
and with series of five tubes each, but I do not confine myself entirely to
these arrangements or numbers of tubes, as the system may be extended
or contracted by merely altering the number of tubes or chambers as
may be desired.
Similar figures and letters of reference on the two Sheets of Drawings
refer to similar views and parts.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section; Figure 2 is a transverse section,
and Figure 3 is a plan view of the vertical tubes.
A is the brick casing enclosing the boiler; B, B, heating chambers;
C, C, fire-bars forming the furnace; D, D, vertical water chambers fixed
into the cast-iron chambers K. In Sheet 2 these vertical tubes pass
directly into the top horizontal tubes E, E; F is the steam dome; G, the

page_text: safety valve; H, H, (through bolts; K, K, cast-iron-receiving chambers
for vertical tubes; L, L,-feed-pipes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and how the same may be carried into practical operation,
I would have it understood that what I claim and desire to secure by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, -
First. The use and application of vertical water tubes connected to top
horizontal tubes to form a tubular generator, as herein-before described
and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The use and application of a spiral wire in the water space to
increase the circulation of the water, and bring it more directly in contact
with the heating surface, as herein-before described and illustrated by
the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The method of fixing the vertical tubes to the horizontal tubes
by through bolts and rings, as herein-before described and illustrated by
the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The use and application of an improved double safety valve
actuated by mercury or by a weight or spring, as herein-before described
and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
And, Fifth. The general arrangement and disposition of vertical and
horizontal tubes within brick chambers, the whole forming a multitubular
boiler, as herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
t
In witness whereof, I, the said James Santiago Barton, have
hercunto set my hand and scal, this Seventh day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
Witness,
CHARLES BARLOW,
Patent Agent,
23, Southampton Bldgs.,
London,
W.C.
J. S. BARTON. (L.S.)