IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR SHAPING METALS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Law, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, and John Inglis, of the same place, Iron-
founders, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR
SHAPING METALS."
Sealed the 6th March 1854, and dated the 7th September 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Law and
John Inglis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th September 1853.
We, DAVID LAW, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, and JOHN INGLIS, of the same place, Iron Founders, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING
OR SHAPING METALS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more especially to the moulding of metal
pipes, but it is also applicable in some respects to the moulding or
casting of other articles. In casting such articles as pipes collapsable
core bars are employed, such bars being composed of a series of longi-
tudinal pieces of curved metal or segmental pieces, capable of forming

page_text: bars of various diameters, by being set in a circular form, with their
longitudinal wedge-shaped or sloped-off edges overlapping each other.
Down the centre of these pieces is a longitudinal spindle carrying upon
it at intervals screw threads or portions of screws fitted with nuts
carrying joint eyes or lugs. Each nut may have four lugs, from which
short links or connecting rods pass to similar joint eyes in the interior
of each of the pieces composing the core bar. These links are con-
trived to have an angular elbow joint action, so that as the nut is made
to traverse along the spindle by turning the latter round in either
direction the line of the angle of each link in reference to the axial
line of the central spindle will be correspondingly varied, and hence
the curved external pieces of the core bar will be drawn in towards or
directed further from the centre of the core bar, as the case may be;
that is to say, when each link stands at a right angle with the axis of
the central adjusting spindle on which the nuts are placed the curved
external pieces of the core bar are expanded to their utmost range.
On the other hand, as the nut is traversed back upon its spindle, the
links form a more or less acute angle with the axis of the spindle, and
with the internal faces of the curved core bar pieces, and thus the
latter are drawn more or less towards the centre from which they
radiate. The curved pieces forming the acting portions of the core
bars may be variously arranged in combination, and they may be of
various shapes instead of being simply curved, but they are in each
case worked by the angular action of the traversing nut links or elbow
joints. By this means the pounder can produce articles of various
diameters from a single core bar, which he can accurately adjust to any
diamaton soovivad
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Law and John Inglis in the Great Seal
Patent Offico on the 6th March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
DAVID LAW, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, and
JOHN INGLIS, of the same place, Ironfounders, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto us, the said David Law and John Inglis, Her
special licence that we, the said David Law and John Inglis, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
David Law and John Inglis, our executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR SHAPING METALS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said David Law and
John Inglis, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said David Law and John Inglis,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say:
Our said Invention relates more especially to the moulding of metal
pipes, but it is also applicable in some respects to the moulding or
casting of other articles. In casting such articles as pipes collapsable
core bars are employed, such bars being composed of a series of longi-
tudinal pieces of curved metal or segmental pieces, capable of forming
bars of various diameters, by being set in a circular form with their
longitudinal wedge-shaped or sloped-off edges overlapping each other.
Down the centre of these pieces is a longitudinal spindle carrying upon
it at intervals screw threads or portions of screws fitted with nuts
carrying joint eyes or lugs. Each nut may have four lugs, from which

page_text: short links or connecting rods pass to similar joint eyes in the interior
of each of the pieces composing the core bar. These links are con-
trived to have an angular elbow joint action, so that as the nut is made
to traverse along the spindle by turning the latter round in either
direction the line of the angle of each link in reference to the axial
line of the central spindle will be correspondingly varied, and hence
the curved external pieces of the core bar will be drawn in towards or
directed further from the centre of the core bar, as the case may be.
That is to say, when each link stands at a right angle with the axis of
the central adjusting spindle on which the nuts are placed the curved
external pieces of the core bar are expanded to their utmost range.
On the other hand, as the nut is traversed back upon its spindle, the
links form a more or less acute angle with the axis of the spindle and
with the internal faces of the curved core bar pieces, and thus the
latter are drawn more or less towards the centre from which they
radiate. The curved pieces forming the acting portions of the core
bars may be variously arranged in combination, and they may be of
various shapes, instead of being simply curved, but they are in each
case worked by the angular action of the traversing nut links or elbow
joints. By this means the founder can produce articles of various
diameters, from a single core bar, which he can accurately adjust to any
diameter required.
And in order that our Invention may be properly understood we
shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheet of
Drawings hereunto attached. Figure 1, on our Sheet: of Drawings
is a complete external elevation of one modification of our improved
collapsable core bar, as expanded to about its largest diameter, the
segmental pieces being delineated as plain at their central portion, to
avoid repetition of minute details. Figure 2, on the same Sheet is
a corresponding longitudinal section or sectional elevation of the core
bar. Figure is a plan or upper end view of the core bar, one half
being drawn with the top ring or head disc reversed. Figure 4, is a
corresponding view of the lower or reverse end of the core bar
Figure 5, is a transverse section of the core bar, showing the four
knee-joint adjusting levers or links. Figure 6, is an upper end view of

page_text: one of the segmental pieces, with its link eye or joint piece; Figure 7.
is a corresponding external. view of this detail. Figure 8, is a lower
end.view of a single-segment; and Figure 9, is a corresponding: elevat
tion of the same. Figure 10, is: a transverse section of another
modification of collapsable core har, wherein the diameter adjustment
is effected by the partial rotation of the main central spindle drawing
the connecting links to, angles horizontally, as regards the direct radial
lines from the central spindle to the segments. Figure 11, is a. corre-
sponding longitudinal section of this modified core bar showing the
lower end only.
"
7
In the first arrangement delineated in Figures 1, to 9, the circum-
ferential portion of the core bar consists of a set of four longitudinal
pieces of curved metal A, each piece being a segment of a circle the
diameter of which coincides with the largest diameter to which the core
bar is. to be expanded.. Each of theso pieces. is formed with an
angularly expanded upper end B, the whole being surmounted or em-
braced by a wide ring C. This end piece. C, is in the form. of a four
armed disc, with a central boss D, bored to receive the spindle E,
formed with a screw thread, and working in a corresponding internal
screw or nut formed or placed in the boss.. The lower end of the
spindle E, is entered into a plain central eye in the lower end pieca F,
which embraces the lower ends of the segments A.. The whole is held
together by four longitudinal tension rods G, bolted to the opposite end
pieces C, and F. The spindle E, carries upon it. two or more loose
rings H, placed at convenient, distances. apart, .and prevented from
moving longitudinally upon the spindle by pairs of adjustable collars I,
which are fixed to the spindle by-pinching screws J. The rings H, are
formed with lugs K, to which are jointed the short links L. These
links move about their joint centres in planes passing through the
spindle, and are jointed at their outer ends to lugs M, formed upon the
inner surfaces of the segments A. The links L, are so proportioned as,
when lying at right angles, or nearly so, to the central spindle E, to keep
the segments A, extended to their greatest diameter. Then on turn-
ing the spindle E, tho upper end N, of which is squared to receive a
handle or key for the purpose, a slight longitudinal traverse is given

page_text: to it, and to the rings H, to which the links L, are jointed, by the
working of the screwed portion of the spindle through its nut. This
motion causes the links to assume an inclined position, consequently
bringing their outer ends, and with them the segments to which they
are jointed, nearer to the spindle. In this way the segments are
drawn in or made to collapse, being always retained parallel to the
central spindle in consequence of the employment of two or more sets
of links, as represented, each end of the segment being thereby made
to move through an equal space. The segments A, are perforated
throughout to allow of the escape of air during the operation of cast-
ing, and they are also formed with a number of pegs or projections
upon their outer surfaces to insure the adherence of the loam which
is applied outside to form the actual mould surface. A portion only
of these perforations and pegs are represented in the Drawings to
avoid tedious repetition. A couple of rings O, are bolted to the
upper end piece C, by means of which the entire core bar can be
lifted out of a casting, after having been made to collapse, as described.
When the core bar is to be prepared for a subsequent casting the
spindle E, is turned so as to make it traverse longitudinally in a direc-
tion opposite to that of the collapse movement. This action causes the
links L, to assume a position approximating more nearly to right
angles to the spindle, consequently pressing out the segments to their
full extended diameter, and when this is done the outer coating of
loam is applied, and the core bar rendered ready for use. To aid
the adjusting movement of the segmental pieces of metal, each
of these pieces at its expanded upper end B, has cast or formed
upon it two projections P, corresponding to the inclines Q, on the
interior of the wide disc ring C; hence, when the screw spindle E, is
turned to cause the segmental pieces A to collapse, the projections P
bear up against their inclines Q, and materially assist the collapsing
action. In addition to this contrivance, both ends of the segmental
pieces A, are also guided in their radial traverse by means of projec-
tions R, upon the top and bottom rings C, and F, which fit corre-
sponding slots or recesses S, in the segments A. In the modification
represented in Figures 10 and 11, the segments A are similar to

page_text: those already described, and end plates B are fitted to them, in the
central bosses of which the ends of the spindle C, are contrived to
work. This spindle has no longitudinal movement, as in the arrange-
ment last described, but simply turns in the central eyes of the end
plates. Two or more rings D, are keyed upon this spindle, and are
formed with lugs E, to which are jointed the links F, corresponding to
the number of segments. These links F, turn on their joint centres
in planes at right angles to the spindle C, and are jointed at their outer
ends to lugs G, formed upon the inner surfaces of the segments A.
The links F, are disposed angularly with reference to lines passing
through the centres of the respective joints G, and the centre of the
spindle C; and on the spindle being turned this angularity is altered
so as either to force out or draw in the segments, according to the direc-
tion in which the spindle is turned. In other words, the link F, and
radial lugs E, act as knee or elbow joints, and move the segments
nearer to or fnrther from the central spindle, according to the direction
in which the spindle is turned. Except in the manner of producing
the collapse movement, this core bar is precisely like the one previously
described.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we may observe, in conclusion, that we do not confine
or restrict ourselves to the precise details or arrangements which we have
had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made
therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of our
Invention. But what we consider to be novel and original, and there-
fore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent, is-
First, the general arrangement of machinery, apparatus, or means for
moulding or shaping metals, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of adjusting core bars to various
diameters by means of links or levers having an angular elbow or
knee joint action.
Third, the application and use of angular or inclined guide surfaces,
as more particularly described in reference to the parts P, Q, in

page_text: Figure 2, on our Sheet of Drawings, for the more effective direction
of the traverse action of the segmental surface pieces of core bars.
Fourth, the system or mode of staying or binding collapsable core
bars by means of longitudinal stay rods passed through the interior of
the core bars.....
In witness whereof, we, the said David Law and John Inglis.
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth day of
March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-four.
DAVID LAW.
(L.S.)
JOHN INGLIS. (L.S.)