IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO WHEELED CARRIAGES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Boby, of Bury St. Edmunds, in the County
of Suffolk, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO WHEELED CARRIAGES."
Sealed the 11th October 1867, and dated the 16th April 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Boby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1867.
I, ROBERT BOBY, of Bury St. Edmunds, in the County of Suffolk, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLOUGHS AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO WHEELED CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to the wheels of ploughs, agricultural or any
other machines or implements, or wheeled carriages generally, and has for its
object to mount and adapt the wheels in such a manner that the dirt or soil
will be prevented from entering the central or axial parts of the wheel. For
this purpose I form a head or boss of cast metal on the stem or stalk of the
wheel, through which head is cast or made a hole, conical or otherwise, to
receive the axle of the wheel. The axle of the wheel is fixed to the centre of

page_text: the wheel itself in the following manner :-Through the centre of the wheel
I pass a bolt, the head of which is firmly secured to the wheel, and upon this
bolt is placed a collar and a cast-iron bush fitted to the collar, and arranged
to revolve in the hole in the cast-metal head attached to the stalk before-
mentioned. The wheel is secured and held in its place by a collar and nut or
other fastening on the end of the bolt which passes through its centre, and
projects for that purpose beyond the hole in the cast head of the stalk. On
the upper side of the cast head or boss on the stalk and next to the wheel is
formed a reservoir for grease, and from which is made a hole or opening into
the bearing in the stalk in which the axle of the wheel revolves; by this
means the lubricant feeds itself to the axle as may be requisite. Over this
reservoir is fixed a cap, which slides upon the stalk, so that by lifting the cap
the grease box may be easily replenished, and when it is down all dust, soil,
or other matter is excluded. This improvement is applicable to the running
wheels of various kinds of agricultural implements, machines, and earriages.
The second improvement relates to the coulters of ploughs, and consists in
forming the blade or cutting part of the coulters of chilled cast iron, steel, or
wrought iron in such a manner that it is capable of being attached to the stalk
in such wise that the blades may be easily removed and refixed when required.
To this end the stalk or holder of the coulter may be fixed in any convenient
manner in a socket in the frame of the plough, and the blade or cutting part
is made separate and with a socket at its upper end, into which the end of the
stalk or holder fits, and the coulter blade is secured thereon by a wedge, key,
catch, bolt, or otherwise, as may be found most convenient.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Robert Boby in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
October 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
BOBY, of Bury Saint Edmunds, in the County of Suffolk, Machinist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Robert Boby, Her special licence, that I, the said Robert Boby, my execu-

page_text: tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Boby,
my executors, administrators, and assigns should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL
IMPLEMENTS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO WHEELED
CARRIAGES, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Boby,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Boby, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say):
:-
My Invention of "improvements in ploughs and other agricultural implements
relates, firstly, to the wheels of ploughs, agricultural or any other machines
or implements, or wheeled carriages generally, and has for its object to mount
and adapt the wheels in such a manner that the dirt or soil will be prevented
from entering the central or axial parts of the wheel.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn three different ways of
carrying out the Invention, all, however, constructed on the same principle.
Fig. 1 represents part of the wheel a of a plough constructed and adapted
according to my Invention.
A head or boss b of cast metal is either formed in the stem or stalk of the
wheel, or adapted thereto in any convenient manner, and through this boss or
head is cast or made a hole, conical or otherwise, to receive the axle d of the
wheel. The axle d of the wheel is fixed to the centre of the wheel a itself in
the following manner :-Through the centre of the wheel a I pass the bolt d
which forms the axle, the head of which is firmly secured to the wheel a by
means of a screw nut, and upon this bolt d is formed a shoulder e; a cast-iron
bush c is fitted to the collar and is arranged to revolve in the hole in the cast
metal head b attached to the stalk h, to which the metal boss or head is secured
by means of a cross pin i. The wheel a is secured and held in its place by a

page_text: collar and nut d', or other fastening on the end of the axle or bolt d, which
passes through the centre of the wheel. On the upper side of the cast head
or boss on the stalk, and next to the wheel is formed a reservoir g for grease
provided with a cover f. A hole or opening is made into the bearing in the
stalk, in which the axle d of the wheel revolves, so that the grease may have
access to all the rubbing surfaces. By this means the lubricant feeds itself to
the axle as may be requisite; over this reservoir is fixed the cap f, which slides
upon the stalk h, so that by lifting the cap the grease box may be easily
replenished, and when it is down all dust, soil, or other matter will be
excluded. This improvement is applicable to the running wheels of various
kinds of agricultural implements, machines, and carriages. Fig. 2 is a
modification of the above, the principal difference being that a shoulder is
made on one end of the conical bush c, so that it may be drawn up against
the boss or head b, instead of binding against the central part of the wheel.
Fig. 3 is another modification; in this instance the axle or bolt d is made
conical. I prefer to make the rubbing parts of chilled iron or steel. The
same letters of reference are marked on corresponding parts in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, and therefore it will be unnecessary to enter upon a separate and
detailed description of the several modifications.
The second improvement relates to the coulters of ploughs, and consists in
forming the blade or cutting part of the coulters of chilled cast-iron, steel, or
wrought iron in such a manner that it is capable of being attached to the stalk
in suchwise that the blades may be easily removed and refixed when required.
Figures 4 and 5 represent two methods of effecting this object.
To this end the stalk or holder k of the coulter \ may be fixed in any
convenient manner in a socket in the frame of the plough as is well known,
and the blade or cutting part 1 is made separate and with a socket at its
upper end into which the end of the stalk or holder k fits, and the coulter
blade is secured thereon by a wedge key as in Fig. 4, catch, bolt, or otherwise,
as may be found most convenient. In Fig. 5 the coulter blade is secured to
the stalk by means of a tightening screw m.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Ploughs and
other Agricultural Implements," and having explained the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent
as aforesaid,
First, adapting wheels to ploughs or other agricultural implements or to
carriages by the combination of a fixed axle with a revolving bush which
will rotate with the wheel as herein set forth.

page_text: I also claim the mode herein set forth of constructing and adapting coulters
to ploughs.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Boby, have hereunto set my
band and seal, the Fifteenth day of October in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
ROBERT BOBY. (L.S.)