IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF DRYING MANURES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THERE- FOR
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Fredrick Hoyne, of Kingstown, in the County of
Dublin, Ireland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF DRYING
MANURES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THERE-
FOR."
Scaled the 4th May 1877, and dated the 22nd December 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Fredrick Hoyne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1876.
JAMES FREDRICK HOYNE, of Kingstown, in the County of Dublin, Ireland,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF DRYING MANURES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND
IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
The object of this Invention is to effect the drying of manures and other sub-
stances in a manner more effectual, expeditious, and less expensive than has
heretofore been usual, and by apparatus of a more suitable kind than that which
has, so far as I am aware, been employed.
To accomplish these objects I cause steam generated in a suitable boiler, which
may be of known construction, to pass through a superheater consisting of a series
of segmental pipes acted upon directly by fire heat. The steam superheated to the
required temperature is conveyed by means of an ordinary pipe into a cluster of
tubes of suitable diameter and length arranged in a vertical position encased in an
ordinary vertical jacket cylinder of special and suitable size. The condensed steam
from these pipes may be either passed off through an ordinary waste pipe or con-
veyed by such pipe into and through a second superheater, or a third, or a fourth, as
may be desired.
Into the aforesaid vertical jacket cylinder and amongst and around the aforesaid
cluster of tubes (which contain the superheated steam) cold or heated air is forced
by means of any well-known or approved blower, or by means of any ordinary or
suitable arrangement of fans driven by suitable power at an appropriate speed to
create the required force of draught or current of heated air, which heated air finds
its outlet through an apparatus (which for convenience I call an air distributor)

page_text: constructed in the following manner:-I take a large cylindrical tube of suitable
diameter to which I attach a series of smaller tubes springing in a lateral direction,
the ends of which tubes are connected with two other tubes, which latter run
parallel to the aforesaid main central tube. The smaller transverse tubes are per-
forated with a series of holes at the sides thereof, and over or on the whole of this
frame is placed the substance to be dried. Now the heated air on being forced into
the aforesaid main central tube finds its way into the series of lateral tubes, through
the apertures of which it rushes with considerable force, penetrating and drying
the substance placed thereon, the rapidity of the drying process being adjusted by
the degree of heat produced, and the air pressure effected.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Fredrick Hoyne in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st June 1877.
JAMES FREDRICK HOYNE, of Kingstown, in the County of Dublin, Ireland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF DRYING MANURES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND
IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
The object of this Invention is to effect the drying of manures and other sub-
stances in a manner more effectual, expeditious, and less expensive than has here-
tofore been usual, and by apparatus of a more suitable kind than that which has, so
far as I am aware, been hitherto employed.
To accomplish these objects I cause steam generated in a suitable boiler, which
may be of known construction, to pass through a superheater consisting of a series
of seginental or other form of pipes acted upon directly by fire heat. The steam
superheated to the required temperature is conveyed by means of an ordinary pipe
into a cluster of tubes of suitable diameter and length arranged in a vertical
position encased in an ordinary vortical jacket cylinder of special and suitable size.
The condensed steam may be either passed off through an ordinary waste pipe or
conveyed by such pipe into or through a second superheater, or a third or a fourth,
as may be desired.
Into the aforesaid vertical jacket cylinder and amongst and around the aforesaid
cluster of tubes, which contain the superheated steam, cold or heated air is forced
by means of any well-known or approved blower, or by any ordinary or suitable
arrangement of fans or air pumps driven by suitable power at an appropriate speed
to create the required force of draught or current of cold or heated air; or I may,
if found more desirable, reverse the arrangement, that is to say, cause the cold air
to be driven through the tubes and the steam around them in the manner I have
preferred to illustrate my improved process in the accompanying Drawings.
From the cluster of tubes the heated or cold air finds its outlet through an
apparatus (which for convenience I call an air distributor) constructed in the fol-
lowing manner :-I take a large cylindrical tube of suitable diameter to which I
attach a series of smaller tubes springing in a lateral direction, the ends of which
tubes are connected with two other tubes, which latter run parallel to the aforesaid
main central tube. The smaller transverse tubes are perforated with a series of
holes at the sides thereof, and over or on the whole of this frame is placed the sub-
stance to be dried. Now the heated or cold air on being forced into the aforesaid
main central tube finds its way into the series of lateral tubes and equalizing tubes,
through the apertures of which lateral transverse tubes it rushes with considerable
force, penetrating and drying the substance placed thereon, the rapidity of the
drying, disinfecting, or volatizing process being adjusted by the degree of heat
produced and the air pressure effected.
In order that my said Invention may be more fully understood, and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a view partly in section illustrating generally the method by which I
propose to carry out my said Invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the apparatus, called for convenienco an air distributor.
Fig. 3 is a cross section of the cluster of tubes as encased in the vertical cylin-
drical jacket.
Similar letters represent corresponding parts.
A represents the section of flooring of loft or other apartment on which the air
distributor is laid; B, the vertical cylindrical jacket which contains tho cluster of
tubes seen in cross section, Fig. 3, and which may be constructed of any approved
shape, cylindrical, elliptical, rectangular, or otherwise, and may also be placed in a
horizontal or other position, as may be found suitable for the purpose specified;
a part of the cylindor is removed at b to show the tubes therein. C represents an
ordinary fan or blower, or a series of such fans or blowers (or any ordinary air pump of
good construction may be used in addition thereto or instead thereof) for producing
the necessary current of air; D is a superheater of any approved form or construction
through which the steam passes on its way from the boiler to the cylinder con-
taining the cluster of tubes. In its passage through this superheater it will be
obvious that the steam may be increased to any desired temperature before its
introduction to the vertical cylindrical jacket, to which it is conducted by the pipe
E, after which it may be utilized again by being passed through a second, or a
third, or a fourth superheater if desired.
For some special purposes, such as purifying, volatilizing, and some other appli-
cations, I raise the temperature of the heated air produced and distributed in the
manner described to any suitable degree up to 750° or more Fahrenheit.
When cold air is forced by the fan or blower or air pump through the cluster of
tubes surrounded by superheated steam it is heated to the required temperature,
and, as indicated by the arrow, passes into the main contral distributing pipo F,
and thence through the series of lateral transverse discharge pipes p, p, into the
equalizing pipes L, L, and through apertures pierced in the sides of these transverso
discharge pipes p, p, the heated air rushes with a forco corresponding to the degree
of pressure exercised by the fan, blower, or air pump. These transverse discharge
pipes should be of sufficient diameter, and the apertures pierced therein should be
in size and number in proportion to their length to allow the air to flow freely
through them to the equalizing pipes L, L, and give an equal or nearly equal pressure
through all the apertures, throughout the entire distributor.
Upon or over this apparatus the material to be dried is placed as before described,
and I would here observe that an important feature of my improved process
for drying manures and other substances, as also for disinfecting and volatilizing
purposes, is that I can produce any degree of force in the current of any degree of
heated air necessary to agitate the material to be dried, disinfected, or volatilized,
thereby obviating the following difficulty generally experienced heretofore in drying
processes, viz, from the inability to produce sufficient agitating power the material
is usually allowed to rest on the drying floor or heating apparatus of other known
methods, thus the moisture given off from the under side of such material condenses
on the cooler top surface thereof, and causes the material while being dry on the
bottom surface to be comparatively cool and moist on the top.
This difcct may be remedied, according to the process herein described, by the
force with which the heated or cold air can be driven through the substance to be
dried, producing in fact a perfect breeze capable of agitating the substance, and
driving off the moisture, which would otherwise condense on the top of such sub-
stance or material. This is an advantage which will be readily admitted by the
practical man.
In some cases, as may be required for the drying of malt, cereals, or other pro-
ducts, I propose to construct over the above-described air distributor a flooring of
perforated inetal, earthenware, wire, or other open or perforated material used in
drying kilns, through which flooring the heated or cold breeze can be forced by the

page_text: apparatus underneath in the manner already described, and thus effect the drying
of the substance placed thereon.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which
the same may be carried into operation, I would have it understood that I claim as
my improvements in the mode of drying manures and other substances, and in
apparatus therefor,-
First. The combination of the several parts and the method, substantially as
herein described in reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of my accompanying Drawings,
for producing highly heated or cold currents of air for the purpose specified.
Secondly. The employment of an apparatus, substantially as described in reference
to Fig. 1 of said Drawings, for the purpose and in the manner specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Fredrick Hoyne, have hereunto, this
my Specification, set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
TATZ TAVAN