Improvements in Type Making and Composing Machines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Jan., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Making and Composing Machines.
I. MAURICE WILLIAM SMITH, of 74, St. Julian's Farm Road, West Norwood,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
"
"
My invention relates to machines such as are now known as Monotype
machines, that is to say, machines in which each individual type is separately
made and subsequently transferred and set up or composed in a justified line.
My invention comprises a novel arrangement of dies and die-levers and a positive
method of bringing all the dies to a common centering point at the mould wheel
with absolute accuracy; also my invention comprises an improved construction
of mould wheel for automatically adjusting the widths of type and other details
hereinafter referred to.
In the "Monotype" machine (patented under No. 7399 of A.D. 1896) the dies
are all arranged in a case-controlled by two frames that slide at right angles to
each other so as to bring any particular die to a common centering point according
to the amount of movement given said sliding frame respectively, the sliding
frames being in turn operated from movable pin carriages, provided with pins
adapted when projected to co-operate with corresponding cam grooves in rotary
cam cylinders. The projection of these pins into their corresponding cam grooves
in the cam cylinders is effected through suitable intermediate mechanism con-
trolled by perforations in certain separately made paper record-strips. When
the desired die has been brought to the centering point, a plunger located above
the die case at said point is automatically depressed so as to move down the
centered die from out of the die case to form the top of one of a series of moulds
in a rotating mould wheel located beneath the die case in which the type is to be
formed and after the die has thus been brought into co-operation with the said
mould, hot type metal is automatically inserted in the bottom of the mould and
forced into the mould to form the type, after which the mould with the type
within it is rotated through a portion of the circle so as to bring a new mould
into position at the centering point and so as to enable the formed type to be
ejected into a trough or guide where it remains until the types for the whole
of the proposed line have been brought one after another into said trough or
guide behind it, when the whole line is swept into a galley which is in turn
automatically advanced after the reception of each line of type.
The mechanism employed to carry out this method is very complicated and
costly and necessitates also the employment of two separate machines, one for
producing the perforated strips of paper which are an essential part of the manu-
facture, and the other for making the type The object of my improvements is
to simplify the construction of this kind of machine and to reduce very consider-
ably the cost of its production. According to my improvements I only require
and employ a single machine and I dispense entirely with the preparation and
use of the perforated record strips above mentioned. Further by a simple manual

page_text: operation of a button or the like I am enabled to bring any die to the common
centering point in the mould wheel and I can also produce with equal facility
either cast or struck" type.
In carrying out my invention, all the dies, which are preferably of steel, are
fixed either permanently to or capable of some vertical sliding motion in the
ends of levers (which I call "die-levers") and I dispose these die-levers in radial
directions from the centre of one circle (after the manner of a type-writing
machine) which centre is the point at which the type is cast or struck" in a
mould wheel mounted and adapted to be moved through a part revolution at
each operation, being locked stationary and in absolute and correct position
during the type making and type ejecting operations. The dic-levers are radially
arranged as stated in the horizontal plane and in order to provide for a larger
number of dies I also arrange other die-levers in superposed groups, each group
being also radial in the vertical plane to the common centering point. The die-
levers may be arranged to be slidden to bring the die beneath the centering
point or they may be jointed and arranged to move after the fashion of a
Remington dr. other typewriting machine. In all cases all the die-levers
when not in use are withdrawn from the centering point by a spring or otherwise
and each is separately connected at its outer end by a simple system of levers
or the like to a button or hand-piece. These buttons will, in use, of course be
conveniently grouped together upon a keyboard such as is used in a piano or
typewriter so that an operator can with the greatest ease, precision, and rapidity
by operating any key or button cause the corresponding die-lever to advance
and its die to instantly assume a position suitably adjacent to the centering point
or type making mould into which it is forced and held for sufficient time for
the casting or striking process by means of a punch operated by a cam or the
like. For casting type the molten metal, may be introduced into the mould in
any mechanical way and this forms no part of my invention. If however
"
struck type is to be produced, according to my invention I employ a ribbon
of the metal which is conveniently disposed and fed forward and cut off auto-
matically and periodically by a cutting punch, knife, or shearing mechanism to
required lengths, and each such length is at once and automatically fed to the
compressing mould through a feed-shoot and therein deposited. For striking
the type I provide a second punch working in an opposite direction to the die-
lever punch and both these punches are simultaneously advanced towards each
other through suitable levers and by cams, so as to compress the cold metal
between same in the mould and so consolidate the body of the type, the letter
or sign being at the same time formed on one end thereof by the die affixed to
the die-lever then in use. The mould wheel is constructed as hereinafter
appears and arranged to make a part revolution between each operation and this
is effected by means of mechanism such for example as a pin-wheel and tappet-
leve or the like worked by a cam or the like, and at each such advance a type
just formed as above described is brought to the next centering point whereat
by means of a vertically working centering punch then entering the mould, the
said type is vertically ejected from the mould wheel into a shoot or conduit
which serves to guide it into the galley or composing box in which the justified
line is composed. This is mechanically moved forward step by step with the
mould wheel and also advanced in a transverse direction to receive the lines as
cach is completed; thus the type can be assembled in an ordinary printer's com-
posing frame ready for printing. From the above described arrangement it will
be seen that no lateral ejecting motion is given to the formed type and the
operation is at once simple and efficient.
88
In order to provide for forming type letters of different widths I provide on
the mould wheel according to my invention a number of radial slides correspond-
ing to the number of type moulds in the mould wheel. These slides work in
slots the full depth of the mould wheel between top and bottom plates and the
outer ends of each slide constitutes the inner face of one mould so that by varying

page_text: the position of the slide the width of the mould will be correspondingly varied.
These slides are normally pressed inwardly towards the centre of the wheel by
springs, and to operate them as required upon the central spindle of the mould
wheel I provide a sleeve carrying in vertical guides behind each radial mould
wheel slide a corresponding number of vertically moving slides each having a
similar series of steps of suitably graduated lengths on its outer faces. These
graduated slides are operated in one and preferably the operating direction by
levers from the main cams and are returned by spring action when their function
is accomplished. According to the distance any slide is moved behind the radial
mould wheel slides, so is the width of that mould aperture reduced and will be
adjusted thus for a narrow letter such as "1" or "i" the highest step or thickest
part of the vertical slide would be moved to a position behind the radial slide
and so reduce proportionately the width and capacity of the mould. By this
combination the strength of the mould or forming aperture in the mould wheel
is maintained at a maximum and so the same is enabled to readily withstand
the pressure of the striking operation in producing "struck " type from cold
metal as described.
The locking of the mould wheel during the forming and ejecting operations
is effected by spring bolts engaging notches in its periphery and automatically
operated at each advance of the wheel.
The whole of the mechanical movements required are usually obtained through
levers actuated by properly shaped and timed cams of the rotary cylinder type
with cam grooves, though other means for imparting the required motions may
be employed. Such cams or equivalents are operated by a shaft driven by power
in the usual way, and the whole of the parts are mounted in a suitable frame.
Dated the 10th day of January 1898.
I, MAURICE WILLIAM SMITH, of 74, St. Julian's Farm Road, West Norwood,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
<<
My invention relates to machines such as are now known as Monotype"
machines, that is to say, machines in which each individual type is separately
made and subsequently transferred and set up cir composed in a justified line.
My invention comprises a novel arrangement of dies and die levers and a positive
method of bringing all the dies to a common centering point at the mould wheel
with absolute accuracy; also my invention comprises an improved construction
of mould wheel for automatically adjusting the widths of type and other details
hereinafter referred to.
In the Monotype" machine (patented under No. 7399 of A.D. 1896) the dies
are all arranged in a case controlled by two frames that slide at right angles to
each other so as to bring any particular die to a common centering point according
to the amount of movement given such sliding frames respectively, the sliding
frames being in turn operated from movable pin carriages, provided with pins
adapted when projected to co-operate with corresponding cam grooves in rotary
.cam cylinders. The projection of these pins into their corresponding cam grooves

page_text: in the cam cylinders is effected through suitable intermediate mechanism con-
trolled by perforations in certain separately made paper record-strips. When
the desired die has been brought to the centering point, a plunger located above
the die case at said point is automatically depressed so as to move down the
centered die from out of the die case to form the top of one of a series of moulds
in a rotating mould-wheel located beneath the die case in which the type is to be
formed, and after the die has thus been brought into co-operation with the said
mould, hot type metal is automatically inserted in the bottom of the mould and
forced into the mould to form the type, after which the mould with the type
within it is rotated through a portion of the circle so as to bring a new mould
into position at the centering point and so as to enable the formed type to be
ejected into a trough or guide where it remains until the types for the whole
of the proposed line have been brought one after another into said trough or
guide behind it, when the whole line is swept into a galley which is in turn
automatically advanced after the reception of each line of type.
The mechanism employed to carry out this method is very complicated and
costly, and necessitates also the employment of two separate machines, one for
producing the perforated strips of paper which are an essential part of the manu-
facture, and the other for making the type. The object of my improvements is
to simplify the construction of this kind of machine and to reduce very consider-
ably the cost of its production. According to my improvements I only require
and employ a single machine and I dispense entirely with the preparation and
use of the perforated record-strips above mentioned. Further by a simple manual
operation of a button or the like I am enabled to bring any die to, the common
centering point in the mould wheel and to thereby produce cast or struck"
type with great facility and rapidity. As it is preferable to produce cast type
rather than to "strike" same cold I will refer more particularly to the casting
process.
<
In fully describing my invention I will refer to the accompanying drawings,
in which Fig. 1 is a part sectional elevation of part of the improved machine
showing the arrangement of die levers and their operating mechanisms, the
mould wheel and means for intermittently operating and locking same, and other
details hereinafter referred to. Fig. 2 is a half plan partly in section showing
the mould wheel, the die levers, and operating mechanism. Fig. 3 is a plan
showing mechanisms for actuating and controlling the intermittent revolution
of the mould wheel. Fig. 4 is an enlarged plan of the mould wheel and its
fittings. Figs. 5 to 9 are details of and connected with the mould wheel, all
fully hereinafter explained. Fig. 10 is a plan of certain mechanism situated
above the mould wheel and operated in connection therewith. Fig. 11 is a
sectional front view of the general arrangement of mechanism used for ejecting
the moulded type. Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional side elevation of part of
same, illustrating various details. Fig. 13 is a further enlarged section of part
of the conduit and traveller used in conjunction with the type ejecting
mechanism. Figs. 14 and 15 ure part sectional elevations of an alternative
method of automatically adjusting the different widths of the casting mould in
the mould wheel, illustrating two positions of the mechanism as hereinafter
described.
Fig. 16 is a plan on the line -r of Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is an enlarged part
sectional plan on line y-y of Fig. 14. Fig. 18 is an enlarged sectional elevation
of part of the mould wheel, showing sliding arm, dies and punch. Figs. 19
and 20 are front elevations of the arrangement for automatically setting up and
justifying the formed type, illustrating respectively the position of the operating
mechanism at the commencement of setting up and at the justification of the
line.
Fig. 21 is a plan, partly in section of Fig. 19, showing also the mechanism for
imparting intermittent transverse movement to the justified line. Fig. 22 is a
part plan of same showing change of position of the parts when in operation,

page_text: Fig. 23 is a sectional side elevation on line of Fig. 22. Fig. 24 is an
end elevation of Fig. 22 illustrating a detail.
66
or
In all the figures like letters of reference denote like parts of mechanism.
According to my improved method of arranging the dies and their operating
mechanism, all the type dies DD, are fixed either permanently to or so as to be
capable of some slight vertical sliding motion in the ends of levers LL (which
I call the die-levers") and I dispose the die-levers LL in radial directions
from the centre of one circle (as shown in Fig. 2 and after the manner of a type-
writing machine). The centre M' referred to is the point at which all the type
is cast or struck in a specially constructed and intermittently rotated mould-
wheel M. This wheel is inounted upon a sleeve g carried by a vertical spindle G
accurately mounted in bearings in the main frame A of the machine, and it is
arranged to be moved through a part revolution (preferably one quarter) at each
operation of making and ejecting type, but is locked stationary in absolute and
correct position during each such type-making and type-ejecting operation by
means of an arrangement hereinafter described. The die-levers LL are all
radially arranged as stated in the horizontal plane, and in order to provide for
the use of a larger number of dies when required I also arrange other die-
levers LL L³ in superposed groups cir rows, the separate levers of each such
group or row being arranged radially to the common centering point M¹ both
in the vertical and horizontal planes, but preferably not exactly beneath one
another as seen in Fig. 2, in order to allow of greater space for the auxiliary
levers used in connection with them. The die-levers LL LL³ are supported
by standards A' from the frame and are best arranged so as to be slidden to
bring their respective dies D to the common centering point M' or casting
mould m, as shown by dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 2; the die-levers may however,
be articulated and arranged to move after the fashion of a "Remington
other typewriting machine. Where the dies D are rigidly fixed to the ends of
their respective levers provision is made for obtaining the necessary vertical
and parallel motion by means of springs such as ss, Fig. 1. Each of these
springs is fixed at one end to the portion of the frame marked A¹ and passes
through the die-lever guide-slots or passages aa in said portion of frame A¹
and presses with its free end against the lower side of the die-lever above
it, then all the levers are maintained normally in contact with the
upper side of the guide slots or passages aa which are of suitable form to
allow of the slight depression necessary for the dies. In all cases all the die-
levers when not in use are automatically withdrawn from the common centering
point by spring action or otherwise, and each die-lever is separately connected
at its outer end by a simple system of levers or the like to an operating button
or manual. In the drawings the die-levers LL1 L2 and so on, are shown as
connected respectively by levers and so on, to the stems of the
buttons B B B32 and so on, the interposed spiral springs S serving to force
upwardly the said buttons and so keep the die-levers normally withdrawn from
the centering point, M. These buttons are conveniently grouped together upon
a keyboard K such as is used in a typewriter, and in such a manner that an
operator can with the greatest ease, precision and rapidity, by one action perform
all the operations. It may be desirable to provide some means for causing the
operation of any one button to lock all the rest and for this purpose any suitable
device may be adopted. This, however, is not illustrated nor forms any special
part of my present invention. In use, by operating the button B the correspond-
ing die-lever L through the auxiliary lever is caused to advance and its die D
to instantly assume a position immediately above and very close to the centering
point M, which is one of the type-making moulds m formed in the mould
wheel M; into the upper end of this mould it is forced down and held for a
sufficient length of time for effecting the type casting or making process by
means of a vertically acting punch such as F working in a long bearing and
disposed as shown in Figs. 1 and 10, 14 & 15. The punch is pivotted to and

page_text: e
a nozzle
operated by a lever f worked or operated at the proper times by an eccentric E
and rod or the like adjusted upon and actuated by a conveniently placed
driving shaft T. For casting type the molten metal may be introduced in the
usual or any convenient way into the bottom of the type mould m in the mould-
wheel for example by means of a metal conducting pipe having
adapted to fit into and form the bottom of the mould for the time being; this
process may however be performed in any usual mechanical way and forms no
part of my present invention, nor is it illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
The letter or sign is thus formed on one end of the type metal by the die 1)
carried on the end of the die-lever then in use. The mould-wheel M is of special
construction, and it is arranged to make a part revolution (preferably a quarter)
between each operation.
I will now describe in reference to Figs. 4 to 9 the special construction of the
mould-wheel, and the means whereby I am enabled to form with equal facility
and by self-acting means type letters of all the different widths required. The
mould-wheel is built up of separate segments of cast metal. Where four are
used, as in the illustrations, these segments are of the shape shown separately in
Fig. 5, and they are secured together by top and bottoni plates m² m³. In the
mould-wheel M are mounted a number of radial slides RR corresponding to
the number of type moulds m m. These slides are of a form such as is shown in
side elevation and plan respectively in Figures 8 and 9, and they work in aper-
tures m¹m of the full depth of the mould-wheel M between its segments and the
said top and bottom plates m³ m3; the outer end of each slide R when advanced
as described below constitutes the inner face of the casting mould m, thus it is
plain that by varying the position of the slide controlling the mould in use the
width of such mould will be accordingly increased or diminished, and also that
of the type then cast within same.
The slides RR are normally pressed inwardly, that is, towards the centre of
the mould wheel, by springs r shown as acting upon pins r¹ sliding in a groove m
in the top cover m², or the spring action may be otherwise conveniently arranged;
to advance said slides R R in suitable degree as required by different types, upon
the central spindle G of the mould wheel M is fitted a sleeve g which carries in
vertical guides g¹ located behind each radial slide R, a corresponding number
of vertically moving wedge shaped slides gg2 (hereinafter called wedges). One
of these wedges is separately illustrated in side and end elevation respectively
in Figs. 6 and 7. The inclined face g³ of the wedge in action is caused to
operate upon the correspondingly inclined face 2 of one of the radial slides R
(Fig. 12), viz., that slide then in use for regulating the size of the mould. The
wedges gare actuated automatically as required in one (and preferably the
operative direction) by mechanism hereinafter described, and they are at once
returned to normal positions by springs g which are shown as being attached
to pins go on the slides, passing through holes m5 in the mould-wheel M and
then attached to pins g' on the sleeve g. These springs, however, may be arranged
in any convenient way. I have illustrated two means for effecting this auto-
matic action of the wedges g². That illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 consists of a
semicircular vertical plate supported and adapted to be vertically recipro-
cated in slotted standards Q¹ fixed to the frame A in convenient positions. The
said plate Q is furnished with projecting pins qqqq3 of such lengths and
located in such positions as to be engaged by corresponding pins 661623 pro-
jecting from the stems of the operating buttons BB1 B2 B3, so that when any
one of the buttons is depressed by the operator the motion will be determined
and transmitted to the plate Q and by it to the wedge 2. The distances inter-
vening between such pins q and 6 and so on regulate the degree of motion and
depression of the semicircular plate Q which, through the medium of a pivotted
lever Q2, raises or lowers a rod Q³ the foot of which engages in a slot gi in the
head of the moving wedge g² whenever the mould wheel M is at the centering
point. An alternative arrangement for effecting the same object is illustrated

page_text: in Figs. 14 to 18. In this arrangement I employ for raising and operating
the wedges g³ ³ a segment of a circular inclined plane I fixed to the stationary
frame A. This commences and terminates at the points indicated in Fig. 16
and the wedges g³ g² in their rotation with the mould wheel are raised up and
over it, antifriction rollers being provided at the foot of each wedge if desired,
and they are returned by spring action as before described. On the head of each
wedge is a lug and in the line of travel of the lugs is a bell-crank lever O
pivotted to the frame., This cranked lever has a catch o on its depending arm
and the other arm serves as a trip lever o¹ underlying the punch lever so as
to be operated thereby at each descent thereof, or it might be operated by any
other moving mechanism at the proper time. In conjunction with this arrange-
ment I provide a spring return arm 3 sliding in a suitable guide such as and
projecting towards the mould centre M' (see Fig. 18). This arm 3, being
operated by the projecting pin provided on each slide R, is advanced therewith
and then engages the die D when the latter has been depressed by the punch F
into the mould m as above described. To regulate the width of the mould, in
each die D is cut a notch d of depth proportional to the width of that particular
type and the narrower the width the deeper is the said notch d so that the
further will the arm 3 and the slide R be forced outwardly and so diminish
accordingly the width of the mould.
1
In operation at the highest point of its travel up the incline I the lug 98 of
one wedge g² comes into engagement with and is then suspended from the
catch o, as seen in Figs. 14 & 17. At this time the die D is depressed into the
mould m by the punch F as above explained and the movement of the punch
lever for equivalent moving part serves to actuate the trip lever o¹ and so
withdraw the catch o from the lug 8. This frees the wedge which is then at
once pulled down by its spring forcing the slide R and the arm outwardly
until the end of the said arm 3 comes against the base of the notch d in the
die D as shown in Figs. 15 and 18. The outer end of the slide R then forms
the inner face of the mould m and determines the precise width required just
before the type metal is injected into the mould.
On the next forward movement of the mould-wheel the wedge is carried in
the same position to the ejector punch, and the type is ejected as hereinafter
described. All the parts are then returned to normal positions except where
supported by the inclined plane I and the wedge next coming into use is sus-
pended on the catch as described, and the cycle of operations is automatically
continued.
The means for obtaining the intermittent revolution of the mould-wheel
consist of a pin-wheel W provided with vertical pins w and fixed horizontally
to the vertical mould-wheel spindle G. The intermittent step by step forward
motion of the pin-wheel W is obtained by the engagement with the said pins w
of a tappet-head or trip-catch V pivotted to a lever and driven through an
auxiliary lever by the rod e¹ of an eccentric E¹ or an equivalent cam fixed
upon the rotating shaft T, but during the forming and ejecting operations it is
necessary to securely lock same stationary; this is effected as shown in Figs. 1
and 3 by a spring bolt H timed to engage notches w¹ in the periphery of the
pin-wheel W above described, and it is automatically caused to retire out of
engagement at each advance of the wheel by means of a spring-return lever h
worked by a cam, or by a pin h¹ on any conveniently placed eccentric such as E,
or otherwise suitably. Thus the mould-wheel M is intermittently advanced for
the required distance, and at each such advance the type which has just been
formed as above described has the small tail of metal at its base sheared off,
so as to leave a square end, and is brought to the next centering point whereat
by means of a vertically working ejecting-punch C which is timed at that
moment to enter the full mould m from the bottom, the said type is
vertically forced up and ejected from the mould-wheel M in the following
manner.

page_text: The ejector C is made of a rectangular strip of hard metal, in width practically
equal to that of the mould m but in breadth equal only to the thickness of the
narrowest type to be formed, such for instance as is used for the letters "i"
or "1." The ejector C is adapted to slide freely into a guide hole c formed in
the part of the frame A and is moved up and down at the proper times as shown
in Figs. 11 and 12 by means of a pivotted lever c¹ intermittently actuated by the
rod of an eccentric E2 or by a suitable arrangement of cams fixed to and
driven by the shaft T. After passing up and against the outer internal face of
the mould m and thereby ejecting the type held therein as described, the ejector C
forces the latter into a conduit or uptake-shoot N fixed vertically just about the
mould m and thence into a traveller P. The uptake shoot N is open at its front
side over which the traveller P fits and slides, and is, by means of a lever
actuated by the rod e³ of an eccentric E³ on the shaft T, slidden down to the
base of the conduit or shoot N at the precise and proper moment for receiving
the said ejected type. The sliding traveller P which is shown clearly in section
in Fig. 13, comprises a box-like receptacle open at both ends and adapted to fit
over and slide freely up and down the open front of the said receiving conduit
or uptake shoot N. In the front side of the traveller P is hinged a door p with
an inwardly projecting catch 22 at its lower end, see Fig. 13, and normally
pressed inwardly by a spring p¹; inside the door is a second spring p³ for a
purpose explained below; when the type is forced up into the traveller P by
the ejector C it first engages the incline shown at the base of p² and thereby
pushes the said door ? outwards, but on the withdrawal of the ejector C the
action of the spring p₁ causes the upper surface of the catch p² to engage and
prevent the type falling back. At the side of the shoot N opposite to the said
door (when at its lowest position as shown in Figs. 12 and 13) is hinged, or
arranged with a parallel motion, a second door n provided on its inner face with
two inclines and a flat apex as illustrated, and it is normally pressed inward
by a spring n¹; this spring is made stronger than the spring p¹ which tends to
close the door 7 for the following reason. The shoot N and traveller P are of
course adapted to hold type of largest size, but when the narrowest size of type
is introduced the force of the spring door p would push same away from the end
of the ejector C and consequently the type would fall back into the mould m,
but owing to the strength of the spring n being greater than that of 71 and
also to the incline n² on the inner side of the door n which has a flat part n³
at its apex the door n presses against and serves to hold up even the narrowest
type upon the end of the ejector C, until the latter retires when the type remains
supported by the catch p². When however the largest size of type is introduced
both doors must necessarily be forced outwards to allow it to pass into the shoot.
The traveller P is then immediately travelled up the shoot N by the operation of
the lever until it reaches a point whereat the type can be discharged; this
occurs through an opening nt, Fig. 12, formed in the shoot N and is effected by
the spring in the door p above referred to: the type then falls through an
inclined shoot N¹ into a composing or justifying "stick" hereinafter described.
The type is mechanically moved onward therein step by step synchronously with
the ejection of the formed type as hereinafter explained, and the newly made
line of type and space type is set up justified, and automatically advanced in the
composing box disposed in a direction transverse to the composing "stick"; thus
the lines of type are assembled in an ordinary printer's composing frame ready
for printing.
I will now describe in reference to Figs. 19 to 24 the arrangement comprised
in my invention for effecting the forward and transverse step by step movements
of the type in the justifying stick and in the composing box respectively.
The material used for the various parts is brass or equivalent material sufficiently
strong and stiff to resist and withstand without distortion the strains transmitted
to it by the operations of compressing the type and so forth. The type (which
are lettered in the figures) having been carried as described by the traveller P

page_text: up the shoot N and discharged down the shoot N¹ fall into a "composing stick "
or trough 1; the front side 2 of this is arranged to slide in a groove in a fixed
bed 2ª. In the slide 2 is formed a slot 3 preferably dovetailed exteriorly and
extending up to near each end of the slide 2. In this slot slides a block 4 of a
shape such as is shown, which is normally forced inwardly (that is against the
received type and towards the shoot N¹) by the action of a weight 5 suspended
from a cord 6 passing round guide pulleys 7 7 and attached to a pin 8 upon
the said sliding block 4. The same effect may equivalently be produced by a
spring. On the foot of the shoot N¹ at either side of its orifice is arranged a
pair of short projecting spring-holders 9 between which and the face of the said
sliding block 4, the type and spacing type 1 (hereinafter referred to) are
collected as they are discharged respectively from the shoots N' N2 and held in
a vertical position in the composing stick" 1, as shown in Fig. 19. On the
rear part of the traveller P is formed a double incline p the upper incline of
which is adapted to engage at each up stroke of said traveller with the head 10
of a spring pressed plunger 10ª, sliding in a guide 10b fixed below the slide 2
referred to. To reduce friction between the plunger head 10 and the said
incline p an antifriction roller may be employed. Fixed to the said plunger 10°
by a connection 11 and working synchronously therewith in guides 12 is a short
type press-rod 13 which extends into the "composing stick" 1 for a purpose
hereinafter explained. At each down stroke of the traveller P and following
the discharge of the type down the shoot N¹ the action of the lower part of the
incline serves to press forward the rod 13 and the type just received, the
latter taking a position in the "composing stick" 1 outside the twin springs 9
as shown in Figs. 19 and 21 where it is held firmly in position by the action of
the sliding block 4 described. The press rod 13 and spring plunger 10 then
return to normal position. To introduce the necessary spaces between words in
any line and also for justifying the line, I employ justifying spacing type j¹
(Fig. 20), made of the usual soft corrugated metal, and these are fed at the
required times down a shoot N8 which delivers into the "composing stick" 1
at the same point as the shoot N¹ above mentioned. The justifying spacing type j
are stored in a hopper or the like placed above the shoot N2 and are released
by any suitable mechanical motion (which is not illustrated and forms no sepa-
rate part of the present invention) which is operated at the proper times by
connections from the key-board of the machine (in the same manner as the space
bar of an ordinary "Remington" typewriter). The type and spacing type are
actuated as above described when a spacing type has been introduced by the
upper part of the inclined plane 2 of the traveller P at the upstroke thereof.
When the line of separate type and spacing type has been set up in the
posing stick 1 a signal bell (not shewn) is sounded in the usual way and then
the slide is automatically travelled forward to coincide with the composing
box 18. This is effected by means of a lever 14 acting upon the pin 15 sliding
in a slot 16 in the bottom of the groove in which the slide 2 works; the said
lever 14 is operated by a cam on the main shaft T at the required times, the
cam being brought into operation by releasing a catch normally holding same
out of gear, or it may be worked by a foot pedal. One completed line of type
having been carried forward together with the slide 2 as described to the position
shown in Fig. 20 in front of the composing box 18, the sliding block 4 is arrested
by a fixed stop 17 and the whole line is compressed and justified by the continued
end pressure of the lever 14 until it has been reduced to sufficient width to allow
it to pass transversely of the apparatus between the sides 18, 18 of the com-
posing box; one of such sides 18" together with the stop piece 17 is capable of
lateral adjustment as shown by means of slots and nuts 18b in the table, and by
the adjustment of the side 18° the length of type line, that is the width of the
column, is regulated. The transverse step by step movement of the justified line
is accomplished in the following manner, and as illustrated in Figs. 21, 22, 23
com-

page_text: and 24. The plate 19 is arranged to slide in side guides 19ª and to pass when
pressed forward through the slot 3 in the front side 2 of the "composing stick "
and then engage the front line of type therein. The width of the plate 19 can
be varied to suit the width of the column being set up and it is moved forward
at the proper times by a pin and slot connection such as 20 with a rocking
lever 21 centred at 21° and normally held in the open position as shown in
Fig. 21 by a spring 21. The slide 2 is provided at its outer end with a vertical
projection 22 which operates a device arranged as shown in Figs. 21, 22 and 24.
A catch levor 23 is pivotted at 23" to a standard 23b on the frame and forced
inwardly by a spring 23. The catch lever has a projection 23d which engages
and holds a pivotted lever 24 provided with an antifriction roller 24" and a
return spring 24b, usually in the position shown in Fig. 21. Said pivotted
lever 24 has a projecting piece or lug 24 (Fig. 24) formed on its under side
for a purpose hereinafter explained. When the operations above described have
been performed and the slide 2 has arrived at its extreme position as shown in
Fig. 22, the vertical projection 22 strikes the tail of the catch lever 23, forcing
same back and releasing the lever 24 which by the action of its spring 24b
strikes with sufficient force against the rocking lever 21 to rock same and thereby
force the plate 19 into the composing box as shown in Fig. 22, the effect being
to press the line of type for a determined distance into the composing box. On
the return of the slide 2 to position ready for the next line, the projection 22
strikes the projecting piece 24° and forces the lever 24 back to normal position
shown in Fig. 21. Between each line of type as it is pressed into the composing
box it may be necessary to interpose a space bar or lead, and this is effected in
the following manner. A number of such space bars or leads are stored in a
hopper or receptacle 26, the orifice 26" of which is disposed precisely above that
part of the composing box whereat the space bar is required to be inserted.
An opening is provided at its lower part with a spring return hinge shutter 27
supporting the space bars and this shutter is operated by means of a crank
bar 28 fixed to the said rocking lever 21 and in such manner as to allow one
space bar or lead such as 29 (Fig. 23) to be discharged each time the presser
plate 19 enters the composing box as described. The discharged space bar 29
is then supported by the plate 19 and on its withdrawal the space bar falls into
position. The justified type line may rest against the face of a sliding block
such as 30 running between the column guides 18, 18, and the face of this
block may be sloped as shown in Fig. 23, or equivalently the whole composing
box may have a slight rearward inclination for the purpose in either case of
preventing the type falling forward and for leaving a clear run for the formation
of the next type line when set up as described.
From the above described arrangements it will be seen that by my improved
arrangement, forming, ejecting, delivering, justifying, and composing operations
are all automatically performed, and the whole of the mechanical movements
required are usually obtained as shown in the drawings or as above indicated
through the medium of levers actuated by eccentrics or properly timed cams,
preferably of the rotary cylindrical type with cam grooves, though other means
for imparting the required motions at the proper and respective times may be
substituted. It is preferred that all such eccentrics or equivalents shall be
operated by one main shaft such as T driven by power in the usual way and no
specific claim is made to the precise arrangement of timed driving mechanisms.
The whole of the parts are mounted in a frame A of appropriate form, and
combined together in the most compact and convenient way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a type-making machine the method of bringing each die separately to

page_text: one common centering point by the operation of a manual button, substantially
as herein set forth.
2. In a type-making machine arranging the dies and die-levers in radial
directions from the centre of one circle (after the manner of a typewriting
machine) such centre being the point at which all the type are cast, and being
situated in a mould-wheel, the said radial die-levers being connected to and
operated by manual buttons grouped upon a key-board and adapted for use sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.
3. In a type-making machine the combination with one or more groups of
radially arranged die-levers mounted in the frame and connected to spring-return
manual keys, of a mould-wheel adapted to be intermittently rotated as above
described, and means for forming type therein and ejecting the formed type
therefrom at the times and substantially in the manner herein described and
illustrated.
4. The use in a type-making machine of a mould-wheel constructed substan-
tially as herein specified, that is to say, having moulds for casting type each of
which is provided with a radial slide, the outer end of which forms the inner
surface of one mould, said slides being adapted to be advanced one at a time and
retained stationary in required position by mechanical means such as herein
described and in such manner as to automatically form and produce type of the
different widths required.
5. The construction of the built up mould-wheel, with type moulds, radial
adjusting slides, vertical adjusting wedges therefor, and means for operating
same for the purpose of automatically adjusting the size of any mould in which
type is to be cast to the exact size of any type to be formed, the various mechan-
isms being all operated from and by the depression of one manual button upon
the key-board, substantially in the manner hereinabove set forth.
6. In a type-making machine the combination with an intermittently rotated
mould-wheel such as above referred to of a type ejector (C) operated at the proper
times by timed mechanisms, an uptake shoot (N) placed above the ejector mould,
a type receiving traveller (P) adapted to be reciprocated upon said uptake shoot,
and an inclined shoot (N¹) for directing formed type when discharged to a
composing stick or galley, all combined together and adapted to co-operate
substantially in the manner herein set forth and illustrated in the drawings.
66
"
7. In a type making and composing machine constructed in accordance with
the foregoing claims, the construction of the type receiving uptake shoot or con-
duit and traveller with self-acting gripping doors such as above specified for
retaining received type and means for reciprocating the said traveller in the
required way and at the proper times, in combination with the inclined con-
duit (N) and means for discharging type from the traveller through same to a
composing and justifying stick, substantially in the manner and for the purposes
described and illustrated.
8. In a type making and composing machine constructed in accordance with
the foregoing claims, the combination and arrangement of the several mechanisms
described in reference to Figs. 19 to 24 of the drawings for the respective pur-
poses of setting up and justifying the line of type and space-type, effecting the
transverse step by step motion of same in the composing box, and the automatic
delivery of space bars or leads thereto all substantially as described and
illustrated.
9. In a type making and composing machine constructed in accordance with
the foregoing claims, the means for producing separately the two motions required
for delivering space-type (when required) into the " composing stick" indepen-
dently of and without interfering with the delivery thereinto of the next succeeding
type, consisting of the combination with the separate delivering devices (N1 N2)
and the "composing stick" arranged as described, of the double inclined
plane (7) reciprocating with the traveller (P), the spring presser rod (13) and
sliding block (4), whereby on each downward stroke of the traveller (P) type is

page_text: delivered and fed to proper position in the "composing stick," and on an upstroke
of the traveller a space-type (when used) is introduced, substantially as described
and illustrated in Figs. 19 to 22 of the drawings.
تبديد
1000
For the Applicant,
J. C. CHAPMAN,
Chartered Patent Agent, 70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.