IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN HOT WATER APPARATUS FOR HEATING ROOMS, BUILDINGS, AND CONSERVATORIES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James MoIntyre and Samuel Saunders
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1880.
JAMES MOINTYRE and SAMUEL SAUNDERS, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Plumbers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING
WATER FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN HOT WATER APPARATUS FOR
HEATING ROOMS, BUILDINGS, AND CONSERVATORIES."
Firstly. Our Invention has reference to hot water apparatus for heating rooms,
buildings, or conservatories, and it is applicable more particularly where the boiler
in which the water is heated cannot be conveniently placed at a sufficiently low
level in the room, building, or conservatory to be heated, as in the ordinary arrange-
ment of hot water apparatus, the circulation of the hot water through the pipes
connected with the boiler can only be obtained when the pipes are at an higher
level than the boiler. By our Invention we can place the boiler above the level
of the warming or circulating pipes, and yet cause the water to circulate through
the pipes from the boiler and back to it, and our Invention consists in arranging
the pipe through which the; hot water passes from the boiler so as to ascend to
some distance above the level of the boiler, and then descend to the lowest position
of the circulating pipes, which are or may be placed below the level of the boiler
and then pass back to the boiler. With the pipe ascending immediately from the
boiler we joint another pipe which has its outlet higher up than the highest part
of the said ascending pipe, and this second pipe, which we term the "
may discharge into the atmosphere or into a cistern.
escape pipe,"
The boiler is or may be kept filled with water by connecting the escape pipe
with a cistern of water directly, or by means of a branch pipe from it. The height
to which the pipe ascending immediately from the boiler must rise above its level
to produce the required circulation must be at least equal to the depth at which
the circulating pipes are placed below the level of the boiler, and the motion of
circulation is obtained by the expansion by heat and steam of the water in the
pipe ascending immediately from the boiler, which thus reduces the specific gravity
of the water in this ascending pipe so much that the water in the descending
pipes is heavier, and this difference in weight is sufficient to set the water in
motion.
The globules of steam in the ascending pipe serve to reduce the specific gravity

page_text: the water almost immediately looses its levity after arriving at its highest ascent
without loss of "sensible heat."
"
Secondly. Our Invention relates to combined apparatus which is to be used both
for heating water for baths, domestic and other purposes, and as a hot water
apparatus for heating rooms, buildings, and conservatories. When these two
objects have hitherto been combined the apparatus has been found inefficient for.
warming purposes as the drawing of water for use has caused the warming or
heating pipes to become cool and the circulation to stop or become sluggish.
Our improved combination of apparatus, for these two purposes, consists in the
use of two boilers, or of one boiler with a division in it, both boilers or the divided
boiler being heated by the same fire.
In this case the boiler for heating water has the pipes arranged with hot and
cold water cisterns in the ordinary manner, the warming boiler is kept full of
water by a hole through the partition in the boiler, or by connection with the pipe
of the water heating boiler.
Thirdly. Our Invention relates to combined water heating and warming
apparatus when the warming pipes have to be placed at a level below that of the
boiler, and consists of the arrangements described under the first and second heads
of our Invention, the escape pipe passing into the hot water cistern of the water
heating boiler.
.
With the combinations described under the second and third heads of our
Invention there are or may be taps or cocks to shut off the water from the
warming or circulating pipes, and cause the water heated in the warming boiler to
pass to and from the hot water cistern, so that both boilers or both divisions of the-
sune boiler will act as water heaters, or the cocks are or may be arranged so that
part of the water heated in the warming boiler may pass to the warming or
circulating pipes and part to the hot water cistern, thus the warming temperature
may be regulated, and when not required for this purpose it may be utilized for
heating water to be drawn off for use, the heating for the latter purpose being
regulated by the damper in the flue heating the boilers.