WHE Applicable for Heating Water for Use in Baths, Lavatories, and the like.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 20th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 24th Feb., 1888
WHE
Applicable for Heating Water for Use in Baths, Lavatories, and
the like.
I CHARLES HENRY ROSHER of 22 Charing Cross in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object, the maintenance in an efficient state for use, of
large bodies of water such as are used in Swimming Baths; and it consists in a
system and means-First-Of heating the water in such a manner as to ensure a uniform
temperature throughout the whole body of water, this part of the Invention being
also applicable for heating tanks, or small bodies of water for use in washing, baths,
Javatories, and so forth; and-Secondly-Of circulating the water, after it has been
heated to the required temperature, in such a manner as to maintain a uniformity of
temperature throughout the whole body of water, and to filter the water if desired,
and to circulate the water while it is being heated by means other than those herein
described.
In order to carry out the above operations of heating and circulating, I employ
special apparatus which is hereinafter fully described with reference to the accom-
panying drawings forming part of this Specification. By the arrangement of the
apparatus and pipes, as herein described, the necessity of carrying pipes in or through
the sides or bottom of the bath at any point below the water level by which leakage,
due to expansion and contraction of the pipes, or breakage or decay of the pipes,
might occur, is entirely avoided and little or no heat is lost by radiation. Preferably,
I heat the water by the direct condensation of steam and by the special apparatus
herein described which condenses the steam noiselessly, or nearly so, but the water
may be heated by any other method and circulated by the system herein set forth.
I will now proceed to particularly describe my Invention with reference to the
accompanying drawings which, for the purposes of this specification illustrate an
ordinary Swimming Bath deeper at one end than at the other; but my Invention is
equally applicable to baths of forms other than those illustrated.
Figure 1 is a sectional plan of a swimming bath. Figure 2 is a vertical section on
the longitudinal centre line 2-2 figure 1. Figure 3 a transverse vertical section (on

page_text: the line 3-3 figure 1) looking towards the shallow end, and figuro 4 is a transverse
vertical section (on the line 4-4 Figure 1) looking towards the deep end. Figures 5
and 6 are detailed views of parts shewn in Figure 1.
Figures 7 and 8, are, respectively, a plan and longitudinal vertical section of a
swimming bath, shewing a different arrangement to the former, and figures 9, 10,
and 11 shew details of parts shewn in figures 7 and 8.
Figures 12, 13, and 14 represent details of the silent heater shewn in figures 1 and 2.
Figures 15 16, and 17 shew modifications of the heater, etc; Figures 18, 19, and 20,
also illustrate beaters arranged in a somewhat different manner.
'
Figure 21 is a sectional plan of a swimming bath shewing another arrangement of
heating and circulating apparatus. Figure 22 is an enlarged vertical section on
line 5-5 in figuro 21.
Figures 23, 24, and 25, give details of the heater shewn in figures 21 and 22.
Figure 26 is a vertical section of a tank or vessel fitted with a heater. Figure 27
is a sectional plan of the same.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
Referring now to figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, A is the heater fitted in a recess or cavity
in the wall of the bath, preferably at the middle of the deep end. B are the return,
and C are the delivery pipes, connected to the heater. The heater is of the steam jet
type whereby a circulation of water is produced by the inductive action of the steam
jet, the water being drawn from the bath through the pipes B and returned thereto,
through the pipe C. The pipes B may extend entirely round the bath, as in figure 1,
or bedivided in to two separate return pipes, as in Figure 21. They may be perforated
with a number of small holes, the aggrogato area of which is about equal to the sectional
area of the delivery pipe C, or they may have a smaller number of suction orifices of
larger diameter and provided with covers, such as shewn in figuro 9. The pipes B
may be fixed in the angle formed by the wall and floor of the bath, or in a channel
covered by a grating, or in a recess formed in the wall of the bath. The delivery
pipe C from the heater is laid in a channel o' in the floor of the bath, covered by
plates and is provided with branches or delivery nozzles cc which open up through
the plates covering the channel in which the delivery pipe is laid, the mouths of
these delivery nozzles being covered over by spreaders 1). The number, size, and
position of the delivery branches or nozzles c would, of course, depend on the size and
shape of the bath. E is the overflow outlet, or outlets, preferably in the wall of the
bath and at the shallowest end. This outlet leads into the channel F formed in
the wall of the bath, to which is connected the return pipe G which leads to the
circulator K and has a branch H to the drain and a second branch I to the filter J
which is also connected by a pipe ; to the circulator K. The return pipe G need not
be in the position shewn in the drawing. The delivery pipe L of the circulator K
connects with the delivery pipe C above mentioned. M is the outlet from the bath
tank and N is the cold water inlet leading into the overflow channel F.
I will first describe the construction and operation of the heating portion of the
apparatus or the part of the apparatus by which the water in the bath is first raised to
the desired temperature. This heating portion of the apparatus comprises the
heater A and the pipes B, C, the connection with the circulator K being cut off by
closing a stop cock 2.
Referring to figures 2 and 12, it will be seen that the steam-jet heater A consists of
a vertical cylinder connected at bottom by a tee branch a with the return pipes B, the
connection between these pipes and the tee branch a being controlled by stop cocks b.
This heater is supplied with steam through a pipe a', which issues in the form of a jet
through a nozzle a and is directed into a receiving cone a³ tixed within the mouth of
an inner pipe A' rising concentrically within the outer casing A and which is
connected at bottom with the delivery pipe C. The course of the current of water
induced by the steam jet is represented by the arrows in figure 12 by which it will be
seen that the water is drawn in through the return pipes B, rises through the annular
space between A and A', is carried through the receiving cone a³ along with the steam jet
and delivered through the pipe C.

page_text: The spreaders D covering the delivery nozzles c of the pipe are plates of circular
or other form slightly raised towards the centre and supported upon radial ribs or
feet d at the underside at such a distance from the bottom of the bath as to permit of
a sufficiently free discharge of the heated water around their circumference, the water
being discharged in the form of a film radiating over the bottom of the bath. The
operation of heating the water may be commenced as soon as the water covers the
suction orifices of the return tubes B at the deeper end of the bath and may be
continued whilst the bath is being filled. In case, the return pipes B are provided
with large apertures with hinged covers , as in figure 9, the apertures nearest to
the heater would only be opened at the commencement of the filling of the bath, the
apertures being closed in succession as the filling progresses, those only at the end
farthest from the heater remaining open when the bath is full. As soon as the bath
has been filled and the required temperature of the body of water in the bath has been
attained, the cold water inlet is cut off, and the use of the heater A is discontinued.
The body of water in the bath is then caused to circulate without being further heated,
in order to maintain a uniform temperature at all depths.
I
The circulation of the water is effected as follows; The sluice valve 7 being open,
the three-way cock h being closed to the branch HI hut open to the pipes G, the
stop cock i being closed and the three way cock & being open to the pipe G and the
circulator K and closed to tho branch j, and the stop cock being opened, steam is
admitted to the circulator K through the steam pipe k¹. The circulator shown in the
drawings is of the type known as Burnett and Körting's "Aquapult," but any other
form of pump may be used.
The surface water drawn off through the overflow E, passes through the pipe G to
the circulator K and is by it delivered through the pipa C beneath the spreaders D
whence it issues, as in the former case, in the form of a film radiating over the
bottom of the bath. The stop cocks 6 would usually be closed, but if left open, the
water would also issue through the orifices in the pipes B.
If it is desired to filter the water, as well as to circulate it, tho stop cock i would bo
open to the filter, the three way cock & closed to the pipe G and open to the pipe j
leading from the sump beneath the filter to the circulator K. The water is then
circulated as before, and also filtered.
Instead of the heater A being arranged in a vertical position as in figures 1 and 2, and
instead of the delivery pipe being laid along the bottom of the bath, 1 night, in the case
of a small bath, have only one delivery aperture and spreader at the deep end of the bath,
as shewn in figures 7, 8 and 11. In this case the heater (which is not shewn) might
be arranged either in a horizontal or vertical position and would discharge beneath
the semi-circular spreader D, as shewn.
The form of heater shown in figuro 17 differs from that previously described
inasmuch as the steam jet a² is in the form of an annulus, and it discharges into the
annular space between the outer and inner cylinders A A' instead of into a con-
centrical receiving cone, as before, the course of the current of water being corre-
spondingly reversed, as indicated by the arrows, the outer casing A being, in this case,
connected with the delivery pipe C and the inner tube A with the return tubes B.
The heater shown in figure 15, is adapted for use in a small bath in which the return
pipes B are dispensed with, the delivery pipe C alone being used. This pipe C might,
in this case, be laid in the bottom of the bath, or be carried around the sides, or be
otherwise arranged as preferred. This form of heater is adapted to stand in the bath
tank itself, or in a recess connected therewith, the casing A having inlet apertures at
the bottom communicating with the annular spaco, the steam jet and the operation
being the same as described with reference to figuro 12. ⚫
In figures 18, 19, and 20, the heater casing A is formed by the brickwork of the
bath wall itself, the inlet to the heater in figure 18 being through the side wall of the
bath, and in figuro 20 through the outlet M in the bottom of the bath. In other
respects, the operation is the same as in figure 12.
In the arrangement shewn in figures 21 to 25, the heater is located bencath
the bottom of the bath in the cavity immediately over the waste outlet, so that it is

page_text: entirely immersed in the water. The heater is, in this case, of the form shewn in
Figures 23 and 24, its operation being much the same as that before described.
The circulating apparatus would be the same as before, but is not represented, and the
working of the arrangement differs only in that the heater is connected with the
delivery pipe L of the circulator, so that when circulating without heating, the whole
of the water must pass through the heater, and as the receiving cone is of smaller
sectional area than the said delivery pipe, a part of the water must be delivered
through the return pipes B.
Instead of the return pipes B, channels in the bottom of the bath covered by
slotted or perforated plates, as in figure 29, may be used; and instead of using a
delivery pipe C with nozzles e covered by spreading discs D, the delivery may be
through a channel built in the floor of the bath, as shewn in figure 28, the channel
being open throughout its length and covered by a spreading plate D fixed in close
proximity to the floor of the bath, as before.
For heating small tanks, the heater may be arranged as shewn in figure 26, in
which the outer casing A of the heater is open at bottom, to the tank, and the
inner tube A¹, or receiving cone, is provided with a spreader D which directs the
heated water radially over the bottom of the tank which is rounded where it meets
the sides.

page_text: Improvements in Heating, Circulating, and Filtering the Water of
Swimming Baths and other Large Bodies of Water, Partly
Applicable for Heating Water for Use in Baths, Lavatories, and
⚫the like.
I CHARLES HENRY ROSHER late of 22 Charing Cross in the County of Middlesex,
and now of 5 Westminster Chambers Victoria Street in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements on a former invention for which Letters
Patent were granted to me dated Dec. 21st 1886 No. 16760, and it has for its object
the maintenance in an efficient state for use of large bodies of water such as are used
in swimming baths and other tanks, and it comprises a system of means firstly, of
heating the water to a practically uniform temperature throughout its whole bulk
(this part of the invention being separately applicable for heating tanks or small
bodies of water for use in washing baths, lavatories and so forth) secondly, of
circulating the water after it has been so heated (or during the process of heating
whether the method of beating be the same as, or other than, that herein
described) so as to maintain uniformity of temperature throughout the whole body of
water in use; and thirdly of purifying the water by means of filtration and aëration
and returning the same to the bath if desired.
In order to carry out the above operations of heating and circulating the water, I
employ a special apparatus which is hereinafter fully described with reference to
the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification.
By the arrangement of the apparatus, as herein described, the necessity of
carrying pipes in or through the sides or bottom of the bath at any point below
the water level is entirely avoided and consequently leakage due to expansion and
contraction of the pipes or breakage or decay of the pipes cannot occur and little
or no heat is lost by radiation. Preferably, I heat the water by the direct con-
densation of steam and by means of the special apparatus herein described which
condenses the steam noiselessly or nearly so, but the water may be heated by any
other method and circulated by the system hereinafter set forth.
I will now proceed to particularly describe my invention with reference to the
accompanying drawings which for the purposes of this specification illustrate the
invention as applied to an ordinary swimming bath. Figure 1 is a sectional plan
of a swimming bath figure 1 is a cross-section on line 1-1 figure 1, of the delivery
pipe, and channel and figure 2 is a vertical section on the longitudinal centre
fine 2-2 figure 1. Figures 3, 4 and 5 represent the details of the silent heater
shewn in figures 1 and 2; and figures 6 and 7 shew a modification of the heater

page_text: shewn in figures 3, 4, 5; and figures 8, 9, 10 illustrate heaters arranged in a
somewhat different manner. Figures 11, 12, show details of the spreaders shewn in
figures 1 and 2; Figures 13 14 and 15 shew a modified alternative construction of
the return and delivery pipes shewn in Figure 1. Figure 15 is a vertical section and
figure 16, a sectional plan, on line 4-4 figure 15 of a heater placed in a small
tank. The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
Referring now to figures 1 and 2, A is the heater fitted preferably in a chamber
formed behind the wall of the bath tank but communicating with it by an opening
left for the purpose in the lower part of the wall. The best place to locate such a
heater would generally be at the deep end. B and C are respectively the return and
delivery pipes connected to the heater. The heater is of the steam jet type whereby
a circulation of water is produced by the action of the steam jet, the water being
drawn from the bath through the pipes B and again delivered thereto through the
pipe C, its temperature having been raised in passing through the heater, by the steain
condensed therein. The pipes B may as in figure 1, extend entirely round the
bath, or may be carried enly along the sides of the bath. They may be perforated
with a number of small holes, the aggregate area of which is about equal to the
sectional area of the delivery pipe C, or they may have a smaller number of suction
orifices of larger diameter, the perforations or orifices being in any case, smaller in
diameter or at greater distances apart, the nearer they are to the heater. The pipes B
may be fixed in the angle formed by the wall and floor of the bath, or in a channel
covered by a grating, or in a recess formed in the wall of, and open to, the bath.
The delivery pipo from the heater is laid in a channel C in the floor of the bath,
covered by plates Claid flush with the floor, and is provided with branches or
delivery nozzles cc which project upwards perpendicularly to the floor of the bath
and to which spreaders D are fitted. The number, size and position of the delivery
branches or nozzles c and spreaders D would of course depend on the size and shape
of the bath.
E is the overflow outlet or outlets, preferably in the wall of the bath and at the deepest
end. This outlet leads into the channel F formed in the wall of the bath, to which is
connected the return pipe G which leads to the circulator K and communicates with
the drain by the pipe H and by means of a third pipe I with the filtering and
aurating apparatus J which is also connected by a pipe to the circulator K. The
delivery pipe L of the circulator K connects with the delivery pipe Cabove
mentioned. M is the outlet from the bath tank.
I will first describe the construction and operation of the water heating apparatus,
which comprises the heater A and the pipes B C, the connection with the circulator K
being cut off by closing a stop-cock 7.
Referring to figures 2 and 3, it will be seen that the steam jet heater A consists of
a vertical cylinder connected at bottom by a tec-branch a with the return pipes B, the
connection between these pipes and the tee-branch a being controlled by stop-cocks b.
This beater is supplied with steam through a pipe a¹ which issues in the form of a jet
through a nozzle a² and is directed into a receiving cono a fixed within the mouth of
an inner pipe A¹ rising concentrically within the outer casing A and which is
connected at bottom with the delivery pipe C. The course of the current of water
produced by the steam jet is represented by the arrows in figure 3 by which it will be
seen that the water which is drawn in through the return pipes B rises through the
annular space between A and A¹, is carried through the receiving cono a along with
the steam-jet, and delivered through the pipe C. To the upper part of heater A
I attach a steam ejector for the purpose of creating the vacuum necessary to start
the action of the heater when tho bath is only partially filled.
The spreaders D attached to the delivery nozzles c of the pipo C, consist of two
plates preferably of circular form suitably coned at their adjacent surface so as not to
suddenly check the flow of the water and distanced at their outer edges so that the
area of the opening will be slightly less than the sectional area of the delivery nozzle c
and thereby cause the water to be discharged in the form of a film radiating over the
bottom of the bath with which the lower plate is flush at its outer edge.

page_text: The operation of heating the water may be commenced as soon as the water covers
the suction orifices of the return pipes B at the deeper end of the bath, and may be
continued whilst the bath is being filled. As soon as the bath has been filled and the
required temperature of the body of water in the bath has been attained, the cold
water inlet cut-off and the use of the heater A discontinued. The body of water
in the bath is then caused to circulate without being further heated, in order to
maintain a uniform temperature at all depths.
The circulation of the water is effected as follows;-The branch H from the
overflow being closed by a cock the stop cocks i and j being also closed and the stop-
cocks and being open, steam is admitted to the circulator K through the steain
pipe. The circulator shewn in the drawings is of the type known as Burnett and
Körtings "Aquapult," but any other form of pump may be used. The surface water
drawn off through the overflow E passes through the pipe G to the circulator K, and
is by it delivered through the pipo C (as indicated by the dotted arrows in figure 3)
to the spreaders D whence it issues in the form of a film radiating over the bottom of
the bath. The stop cocks b would usually be closed, but if left open the water would
also issue through the orifices in the pipe B.
If it be desired to purify the water by means of filtration and aëration as well as
to circulate it, the stop cock i would be open to the filter (which forms the subject of
another application for Letters Patent made by Amos Herbert Hobson & myself,
No. 17650 of 1887) the cock closed to the pipe G and the cock jopen. Tho.
water is then circulated as before and also filtered.
Instead of the return pipes B channels in the bottom of the hath covered by slotted
or perforated plates, as in figures 13 and 14, may be used and instead of using a
delivery pipo C with nozzles e covered by spreading discs D, the delivery may be
through a channel C₁ built in the floor of the bath, as shewn in figure 15, the
channel being open throughout its length, and covered by a spreading plate D fixed in
close proximity to the floor of the bath, as before.
The heater shewn in figures 6 and 7, is adapted for uso in a small bath in which the
return pipes B are dispensed with, the delivery pipe C alone being used. This pipe C
might in this case he laid in the bottom of the bath, or be carried around the sides
or be otherwise arranged as preferred. This form of heater is adapted to stand in the
bath tank itself, or in a recess connected therewith, the casing A having inlet apertures
at the bottom communicating with the annular space, the steam jet and the operation
being the same as described with reference to figure 3. In figures 8, 9, 10, the
heater casing A is formed by the brick work of the bath wall itself; the inlet to the
heater in figures 9 and 10 being through the side wall of the bath, and in figure 8
through the outlet M in the bottom of the bath In other respects, the operation is
the same as in Figure 3.
For heating small tanks the heater may be arranged as shewn in figures 16 and 17
in which the outer casing A of the heater is open at bottom to the tank, and the
receiving cone a³ is provided with a spreader D which directs the heated water
radially over the bottom of the tank.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. The arrangement of the heater and circulating pipes within the tank of a
swimming bath so that the pipes containing hot water do not pass through the walls
of the tank the pipes drawing and delivering the water at various points in or near
the bottom of the tank, whereby the water may be uniformly heated and circulated
and maintained at a uniform temperature throughout, as specified.
2. The employment in combination with water inlet or inlets in or at the level of
the floor of the tank, of spreading discs or plates for the purpose of distributing the
water delivered to the bath from the heating or circulating apparatus in the form of a
Glm over the floor of the bath, as specified.

page_text: 3. The herein described construction of coned spreading discs applied over the
water inlets in the floor of the tank for the purpose herein described.
4. The construction of heater represented in Figures 3, 4, 5, consisting of
concentric cylinders respectively in communication with the return and delivery, a
steam injection nozzle and the receiving cone on the inner cylinder, whereby the water
is heated and circulated, essentially as described.
5. The respective arrangements or modifications of the heater represented in figures
6 to 10, as specified.
6. The combined heater and spreading disc for heating and circulating water in a
small tank, substantially as shewn and described.