IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING BEARINGS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING OR ELEVATING OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
LUBRICATING BEARINGS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO
THE RAISING OR ELEVATING OF LIQUIDS."-A communication from Eugene
Bourdon, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Mechanical Engineer.
Sealed the 23rd May 1856, and dated the 20th February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1856.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
BATUS FOR LUBRICATING BEARINGS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE
TO THE RAISING OR ELEVATING OF LIQUIDS," a communication from Eugene
Bourdon, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Mechanical Engineer, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrangements of
machinery or apparatus for effecting the continuous and self-acting lubrication
of the journals or working parts of all kinds of bearings, parts of which arrange-

page_text: ments of apparatus are also applicable to the raising or elevating of liquids.
Amongst the various arrangements which have hitherto been adopted for
effecting the continuous and self-acting lubrication of journals or working
centres, a revolving disc has been used, such disc dipping into an oil reservoir
at its lower circumference, and taking up with it in its rotation a certain
amount of oil, which, on.arriving at the top of the disc, is allowed to trickle on
to the part to be lubricated; but as, in this arrangements, a very great portion
of the oil is either thrown off the disc by centrifugal force when the speed
is great, or merely carried round in the form of a ring at the periphery of the
disc, without being conveyed to the parts to be lubricated, it follows that the
lubrication of such parts is very defective. The object of a portion of these
improvements is to collect or catch the oil carried up by the revolving or
lubricating disc herein-before referred to, and direct such oil on to the working
parts to be lubricated. To carry out this object, a lubricating disc of metal or
other suitable material is fixed on to one or both ends of the journal, outside
the bearings of shafts or axles, working horizontally or obliquely. This disc
rotates with its lower portion in an oil reservoir, which may be either formed
.
the lower brass, or in the body of the pillow block or axle-box, and situated
on each side of the same, that is, at each end of the journal. A small oil
collector in the form of a lipped scraper rests upon or is in close contact with
the upper portion of the periphery of the lubricating disc. This collector may
be made in the forni of a thin. blade spring, one end of which is secured to the
inner side of a cap which covers the oil reservoirs to protect the oil from dust
or other foreign matter. The oil on being collected in the scraper is imme-
diately directed by the pouring lip on to the journal, over which it passes in its
descent to the reservoir to be again.elevated. By making the collector with
a lip on each side, the oil may be directed on to the journal, and also between
the end of the journal and an end abutting piece or pin, where such abutment
is used, as, for example, in lathes and in railway axles when the longitudinal
motion of the journal is stayed by an end-abutting piece or tightening wedge.
A lip or plate, projecting inwardly, is applied to prevent the oil from being
shaken out at the back of the axle box when this mode of lubricating is
applied to railway purposes. Another mode of lubricating the journal and end
bearing piece consists in keeping the disc in actual contact with the end of the
brass, which will then answer as the oil collector, whilst a portion of the oil is
brought in contact with a vertical pin, from which it drops between the end
of the journal and the end abutment piece. A small door in front of the axle
box enables the oil to be inspected with facility. The same system of lubri-
cating may be applied also to crank pins, the lubricating disc being' fitted on
27

page_text: to the pin of the crank, and rotating in an oil reservoir carried by the head of
the connecting rod. In cases where great velocities are required, as in pro-
peller shafts, for example, the edge of the disc may be turned over or lipped, so
that the oil will be collected by the centrifugal force in the channel so formed,
whence it is conveyed to the journal by means of a pipe, the head of which
projects inside the lip of the disc. This arrangement is obviously applicable
for raising liquids. Where vertical journals have to be lubricated, an oil
reservoir in the form of a flat dish is fixed on the shaft below the tearing, and
in this reservoir rotates vertically the lubricating disc, which receives its
motion from the bottom of the reservoir on which it rests, it's working centro
being fitted either into a hinged bridle piece, or in a vertical slide, working in
a slot in the bearing brass or metal supporting the same. The oil thus carried
upwards is conveyed from the disc to the journal by a collector, as herein-
before described. Or the oil reservoir may be carried by a separate spindle,
and receive its rotation by contact at its periphery with the principal shaft.
In this reservoir works the lubricating disc which conveys the oil by means of
the collector to the pivot or bearing to be lubricated, the oil then flowing back
again into the reservoir to be re-applied. Another mode consists in fitting a
cup on the top of the shaft, the upper pivot of which is to be lubricated, and on
the pivot is fixed a disc, slightly dished upwards, with perforations at or near
the centre. A cover is placed over the whole, and the oil is introduced into the
fixed disc, and lubricates the working point or centre by running through
the central perforations into the rotating cup, whence it is thrown by centri-
fugal force into the disc again, thus keeping up a constant flow of oil. By
another modification, two discs are fitted on to the fixed pivot, near to each
other. The oil is thrown on to their circumferences by the centrifugal action
of the rotating cup or reservoir herein-before referred to, and is then drawn in
towards the central perforations by capillary attraction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn 'Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of February, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING BEARINGS, PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING OR ELEVATING OF LIQUIDS,"
a.communication from Eugene Bourdon, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Mechanical Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
an immediately after the date of the said. Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions & arrangements
of apparatus for effecting the continuous and self-acting lubrication of the
journals or working parts of bearings of all kinds, parts of which improvements
are also applicable to the raising of liquids. Amongst the various arrange-
ments which have hitherto been adopted for effecting the continuous and self-
acting lubrication of journals or bearings, a revolving disc has been use:!, such
dise dipping into an oil reservoir at its lower circumference, and taking up
with it in its rotation a certain amount of oil, which, on arriving at the top of
the disc is allowed to trickle on to the part to be lubricated, but as in this
arrangement a very great portion of the oil is either thrown off the disc by
centrifugal force when the speed is great, or nearly carried round in the form
of a ring at the periphery of the disc, without being conveyed to the parts to
be lubricated, it follows that the lubrication of such parts is very defective.
The object of a portion of these improvements is to collect or catch the oil
.carried up by the revolving or lubricating disc herein-before referred to, and
direct such oil on to the working parts to be lubricated. To carry out this

page_text: object, a lubricating disc of metal or other suitable material is fixed on to one.
or both ends of the journal to be lubricated, outside the bearings of shafts or
axles working horizontally or obliquely. This disc rotates with its lower
portion in an oil reservoir, which may be either formed in the lower brass, or
in the body of the bearing or axle box, and situated on each side of the same,
that is, at each end of the journal. A small oil collector, in the form of a
lipped scraper, rests upon, or is nearly in contact with the upper portion of the
periphery of the lubricating disc. This collector may be made in the form of
a thin blade spring, secured to the inner side of a cap which covers the oil
reservoirs, to protect the oil from dust or other foreign matter. The oil on
being collected in the scraper is immediately directed by the pouring lip into
the journal, over which it passes in its descent to the reservoir, to be again
elevated. By making the collector with a lip on each side, the oil may be
directed on to the journal, and also between the end of the journal and an end
abutment piece or pin, where such abutment is used, as, for example, in lathes
and in railway axles when the longitudinal motion of the journal is stayed by
an end abutment piece or tightening wedge. A lip or plate, projecting
inwardly, is applied, to prevent the oil from being shaken out at the back of
the axle box when this mode of lubricating is applied to railway purposes.
Another mode of lubricating the journal and end bearing piece consists in
keeping the disc in actual contact with the end of the brass, which will then
answer as the oil collector, whilst a portion of the oil is brought in actual
contact with a vertical pin, from which it drops between the end of the journal
and the end abutment pin. A small door in front of the axle box enables the
oil to be inspected with facility. The same system of lubricating may be
applied also to crank pins, the lubricating disc being fitted on to the pin of the
crank, and rotating in an oil reservoir carried by the head of the connecting
rod. In cases where great speed is required, as in propeller shafts for
example, the edge of the disc may be turned over or lipped, so that the oil
may be collected by the centrifugal force in the channel so formed, whence it is
conveyed to the journal by means of a pipe, the head of which projects inside
the lip of the disc. This arrangement is obviously applicable for raising
liquids. Where vertical journals have to be lubricated, an oil reservoir in the
form of a flat disc is fixed on the shaft below the bearing, and in this reservoir
rotates vertically the lubricating disc, which receives its motion from the
bottom of the reservoir on which it rests, its working centre being fitted either
into a hinged bridle piece, or in a vertical slide, working in a slot in the
bearing brass or metal supporting the same. The oil thus carried upward is

page_text: conveyed from the disc to the journal by a collector, as herein-before described.
Or the oil reservoir may be carried by a separate spindle, and receive its
rotation by contact at its periphery with the principal shaft. In this reservoir
works the lubricating disc, which conveys the oil by means of the collector to
the pivot or bearing to be lubricated, the oil then flowing back again into the
reservoir to be re-applied. Another mode consists in fitting a cup on the top of
the shaft, the upper pivot of which is to be lubricated, and on the pivot is fixed
a disc, slightly dished upwards, with perforations at or near the centre; a
cover is placed over the whole, and the oil is introduced into the fixed disc,
and lubricates the working point or centre by running through the central
perforations into the rotating cap, whence it is thrown by centrifugal force into
the disc again, thus keeping up a constant flow of oil. By another modifica
tion, two dises are fitted on to the fixed pivot, near to each other. The oil is
thrown on to their circumferences by the centrifugal action of the rotating cup
or reservoir herein-before referred to, and is then drawn in towards the central
perforations by capillary attraction.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figures 1 and 2, on Sheet 1 of the Drawings, represent respectively a trans
verse and vertical section of my simplest form of lubricating apparatus applied
to an ordinary bearing. A represents the journal of the shaft; B, a cast-iro
plumber block; C, the lower bearing or brass, which requires to be slightly
modified in form. It will be seen, on referring to the Drawing, that this bear
ing or brass is cast with two small semi-circular cups c and c¹, situated on each
side of the plumber block, and communicating with each other by an incline
passage d. Into the larger cup c, which is full of oil, there dips a disc D fixe
on the shaft A, which disc in its rotation raises a certain quantity of the oil
which by centrifugal force is collected in the form of a ring at the circum
ference of the disc. To the upper portion E of the plumber block is fixed
spring scraper, terminating in a kind of lip or spout G, which constitute th
main feature of this Invention. This spout presses against or is in clos
proximity to the circumference of the disc, so that it collects the oil which i
impelled towards the circumference of the disc, and directs it by means of it
pouring lip or spout to the lubricating aperture e, which conveys it to th
journal, thiús producing a continual lubrication so long as the shaft rotates

page_text: The oil thus directed on to the journal flows back again into c, c¹, and that
which is collected in the latter cup c² is conveyed into the first cup c by the
passage d, to be again used as above described.
I may observe that in order to exclude dust and grits, and prevent the ejec-
tion of the oil by the centrifugal force, or its loss by evaporation, I enclose the
two cups c and c' in covers or casings fand f', of a convenient and portable
form.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 represent respectively a transverse section, a longitudinal
section, and a plan of my arrangement, applied to a bearing furnished with au
end abutment piece for the journal to work against. It will be seen in this
case that the oil cups c and c¹ are cast in one piece with the plumber block B,
the communication between them being effected by means of any suitable
passage made for that purpose. The bracket H which carries the point of
abutment h is also cast in one piece with the plumber block. The oil cup
covers and f¹ are attached to the cups by side screws (Figure 3), one of
which also serves to hold the scraper G, which is in this case furnished with
two pouring lips, as shewn in Figures 4 and 5, so as to supply the oil at the
same time to the lubricating aperture e (Figure 4), and to the point of abut-
ment. In the plan at Figure 5, I have supposed the cover to be removed, in
order to show the interior arrangement of the bearing. The arrangement
shown in Figures 1 and 2 may be applied with little expense to any of the
ordinary bearings at present in use, by simply substituting a brass, having an
oil cup at each end for the ordinary form of brass. By dispensing with the
bracket H and the abutment piece h, in Figures 3, 4, and 5, a bearing suitable
for ordinary shafts will be produced.
Figure 6 represents a longitudinal section of another application of the
spout for supplying oil to the point of abutment only. This is very necessary
in bevil gearing, as their form necessarily occasions a longitudinal pressure or
strain. For this purpose the extremity of the shaft (Figure 6) is furnished
with a steel centre pin g, which bears against a similar one at h mounted in
the fixed support H. This support is furnished with an oil box e, inside
which rotate the centre pins, requiring lubrication. The centre pin g of the
shaft carries the lubricating disc D, on the circumference of which presses the
spout G, which conveys the oil to the points of contact. The arrangement
which I have adopted for lubricating the bearings of oblique shafts, is repre-
sented in vertical section at Figure 7. In this case the brass C is cast with a
single oil cup c. The disc D has its periphery bevilled in such a manner that
its upper edge against which the spout G bears, shall be either horizontal or
slightly inclined towards the bearing. In some cases where a great speed

page_text: may be expected, and where the centrifugal force is great, occasioning drops
of oil to be thrown about the inside of the oil cup c and its cover f, and which
oil might possibly flow out at the opening k through which the shaft passes, it
will be found desirable to enlarge the cup c, and to bring forward its lower
part, so that its outer side may be vertical, thus causing all the drops of oil to
flow back into the cup. In all the arrangements above described the disc
may be made in two pieces, so as to be easily adapted to shafts. The arrange-
ments of discs for vertical shafts are shewn in Figures 8 to 13, which represent
various slight modifications of the same arrangement.
Figures 8 and 10 are two vertical sections, and Figures 9 and 11 are the two
respective corresponding plans. On the shaft A, below the collar bearings C is
fixed an annular oil cup c, made to turn with the shaft. In this cup rests by its
own weight the disc D, in such a manner that its simple frictional contact with
the bottom of the cup causes the disc to rotate on its own axis. By means of this
disc the oil is raised, and is caused to flow by the aid of the spout G into an
annular reservoir e, formed on the upper ends of the brasses round the shaft.
In order to prevent the disc D from rising on to the rim of the oil cup, I have
given it an internal concave form, which, at the same time, leaves room for
the bearing and allows of its being brought as near as possible to the centre of
the oil cup. The stud which carries the disc is fixed to a curved bridle piece
L, which oscillates upon the axis m traversing its two extremities, by which
the disc is made to rest by force of its own gravity on the cup. In the
arrangement shewn at Figures 10 and 11, the stud is carried by a small
slide M, working vertically in a dovetail groove in the front of the bearing.
To this stud also is fixed the spring spout G.
Figures 12 and 13 represent in transverse vertical section and elevation, a
similar arrangement applied to a different kind of support B. The rest of
the Figures on Sheet 1 represent various arrangements for lubricating the
journals of machines of smaller dimensions than those which I have already
described. One of these arrangements is represented in Figures 14, 15,
and 16.
Figure 14 is a vertical section, and Figure 15 is a plan of the apparatus.
The spindle A carries on its upper extremity an oil cup e filled with oil, into
which cup dips the stud centre or pivot h. But the centrifugal force caused by
the rotation of the spindle constantly causes the oil to flow out of the cup e into
an annular channel k fitted to a disc ', which in its turn is fixed to the stud
centre or pivot h. The channel k is furnished with a tube n, which allows the
oil to flow constantly into a cup c fixed to an independant spindle c', and turning
by its frictional contact with the surface of the spindle A. In this cup c rotates

page_text: the disc D, from the upper part of which the oil is received by the spout G,
which here takes the form of a long tube and is conducted by it to the stud
centre or pivot h. The tube G lubricates the spindle c', which has a
passage made down its centre to convey the oil to its bearing below. Where
a great speed may be anticipated, it may be well to pierce a hole in the pivot h
in the direction of its axis, and to cause the oil to flow down this hole as
in the other case at c¹, otherwise the centrifugal force will eject the oil
immediately, and the lubrication at the pivot h will be but imperfectly per-
formed. To obtain the necessary circumferential friction between the cup c
and the spindle A, I have so arranged the cup that the action of its own
gravity will tend to keep it in contact with the spindle A. For this purpose,
I have placed its lower bearing on a bent lever M, one extremity only of which
is loosely jointed to an eye at m fixed on the pivot h. To the lever M is
loosely jointed a stud n, the extremity of which serves as an axle for the disc
D to turn upon.
Figure 16 represents a detail plan of the lever M. Figures 17 and 18
represent in vertical section two arrangements for obtaining the same result,
by a much simpler process. In the first arrangement the oil cup c is fixed on
the spindle A, and is furnished with a cover k, and a truncated cone k¹, having
an opening at a, by means of which the oil is introduced to effect the first
lubrication, the oil for which is supplied through the closed aperture o. The
arrangement of the rest of the parts is similar to the one already described.
The pivot h carries a fixed inverted cone e, the apex of which is pierced with
holes through which the oil arrives at the working centre. The oil is forced
to the circumference of the cup c by the centrifugal force produced by the
cups rotator, and following the direction of the cone ', it is distributed over
the cone e, from which it is again supplied for the lubrication of the centre, and
returns to the cup e. At Figure 18 a slight modification of this arrangement
is shown. The revolving cone & is replaced by a second fixed cone k³, and the
capillary attraction which is engendered between the two cones el and l² assists
in conveying the oil, which is collected at their circumferences to their apices.
In Sheet 2 of my Drawings, I have shewn several important applications of
my system of lubricating the axle boxes of railway rolling stock. I may here
observe, that one of the chief causes which militating against the introduction
of all new arrangements, is that they necessitate the alteration of the existing
forms of the parts. It is desirable, therefore, to adopt some arrangement which
can be employed in conjunction with forms of journals and bearings in actual
use, and this condition I have attended to in my proposed arrangements.
Figures 19 and 20 represent in vertical and horizontal section an axle box

page_text: of the ordinary construction, to which my arrangement has been adapted. A
represents the journal of the axle; B, the cast-iron box; C, the bearing; b. the
cover; c, the bottom of the box. On the enlarged portion of the journal is
attached by any convenient means the disc D, dipping into the oil with which
the bottom c of the box is filled, part of which oil the disc elevates in its
rotation. The spout C directs the oil thus elevated into the lubricating
aperture e. An opening O with a sliding or hinged cover allows of an inspection
being.made, to see if there is a sufficient quantity of oil in the axle box. To
prevent the oil from being shaken out of the back of the box at p, I have fur-
nished the lower portion of the box with a small inclined plate 7, which prevents
such a result, the plate being fixed to the back of the box. It will be seen that
the only difference which exists between the form of the ordinary box, and that
which I have represented, consists in a slightly increased size at the part. in which
the disc rotates. An axle box of a different construction is represented at
Figures 21, 22, and 23, in transverse, longitudinal, and horizontal section re-
spectively. Arrangements have already been proposed for preventing the longi-
tudinal displacement of axles in their bearings, by means of pieces against which
they are made to abut, and which can be screwed up or tightened at pleasure.
It is an arrangement of this kind that I have here represented, and to which I
have applied my lubricating apparatus. In this case the spout G is furnished
with two pouring lips, in order to supply oil both to the journal and to the
abutment piece P. The spout must also in this case be so formed as to take up
the oil, in whatever direction the axle may revolve. I have here placed the
inspecting opening O in the side of the box. The bottom is maintained in its
place. by means of small rods or bolts, so arranged as to allow of the intro-
duction of a plate of sheet iron Q, to serve as a spring. I have also supposed
the wedges P, P¹, to be united by means of a dovetail.
Figures 24 and 25 represent an important application of this mode of
lábrication. The difficulty of lubricating the crank pins of some machines,
steam engines, for example, is well known according to arrangements at
present in use; a grease box is fixed to the connecting rod, and the oil is
supplied to it by hand, during the action of the machine. Now, by furnishing
in the first described
the bearing of a connecting rod with two cups c. and c, as
arrangement, by enlarging the end of the crank pin into a disc D, and
surmounting it with a spout G, a continuous and effective lubrication may be
obtained.
At Figures 26, 27, and 28, shewn respectively in transverse and longitudinal
section nd plan, I have represented the application of my arrangement to
the screw shafts of marine engines. The enormous longitudinal strain which

page_text: takes place on the shaft, transmitting the whole of the propulsive force to the
ship renders its lubrication very difficult. And I have represented' on my
second Sheet of Drawings an arrangement which presents many advantages
not to be met with in the bearing at present in use. The ordinary propeller
shaft bearing consists of a plumber block B carrying the brasses C¹, in which
the journal of the shaft A, having a number of bosses or collars formed upon it,
turning in corresponding grooves in the brasses C', rotates. Thus there is a
very large-frictional surface requiring lubrication. On the top of the plumber
block a long channel c' is formed, which receives the oil which reaches the shaft
by the holes e. Below the bearing, this oil flows out by an inclined channel d,
and reaches tlie oil cup c at the end of the bearing. In place of my ordinary
disc, which raises the oil by its periphery, I here employ one of a modified'
form, supplied with an internal cavity or annular channel, in which the oil to
be raised lodges. Where the rotation of the shaft is very rapid, the centrifugal'
force acting upon the oil is, of course, very great. Now, if my ordinary arrange-
ment were employed, a small portion only of the oil would reach the spout G.
But by the arrangement I am about to describe, the more rapid the rotation
the greater will be the quantity of oil raised. In the cavity of the disc D
projects the expanded end of a tube G, performing the duty of the spout herein-*
before referred to. This tube is curved at its mouth in such a manner as to
receive the oil carried round inside the disc D, which oil is forcibly ejected
through the length of tube into the reservoir c¹. The effect of this is so com-
pilete and powerful, that I have adapted it to the elevation of liquids, as shown
at Figures 29 and 30. The feeding of the liquid is regulated by means of a
small sluice a, actuated by a float y. R is the upper reservoir, into which the
liquid is thrown. The forms of lubricating disc préviously described may also
be rendered suitable for cases of great speed by furnishing its circumference'
with annular grooves or channels for the purpose of carrying up a greater
quantity of oil or liquid; and preventing its being thrown off by the centrifugal
force, the distributing spout being there made with projections to fit into the
grooves.
Figure 31 represents a very simple arrangement for lubricating simulta-
neously a journal A and a point of abutment P, which differs from the
preceeding ones, inasmuch as the contact of the disc D with the brasses effects
the distribution of the oil in the well-known manner. Iut the simultaneous
lubrication of the bearing and the point of abutment forms the feature of this
part of the Invention. This is effected by causing a portion of the oil to be
thrown from the disc on to the pin D', from the point of which it drops between
the contact surfaces of the shaft A and abutment P, whilst at the same time

page_text: the rest of the oil which is elevated by the disc is allowed to flow down the
passage e on to the journal.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to
the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or
refer to, as many variations may be made, therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of the said Invention; but what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
I
First, the general constructions and arrangements of apparatus for lubri-,
cating bearings and journals of all kinds, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of effecting the continuous self-acting lubri-
cation of rotatory journals of all kinds by the employment of a distributing
spout, as herein-before described, in combination with the ordinary lubricating
disc.
Third, the application and use of a rotatory disc, with an internal cavity or
annular channel or grooves placed near its circumference, in combination with
a collecting or retaining tube or spout, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the peculiar construction and arrangement of apparatus for raising.
liquids, as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 29 and 30, on
Sheet 2 of the Drawings..
Fifth, the peculiar cup-shaped constructions and arrangements of self-acting
lubricating apparatus, as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 17.
and 18, on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth, the peculiar construction and arrangement of apparatus for effecting
the simultaneous lubrication of the journals and its end abutment, as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figure 31, on Sheet 2 of the Drawings.
: In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day.of August, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)