matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING, TWISTING, AND FELTING FILAMENTOUS, FIBROUS, OR TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Vouillon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
June 1860.
I, FRANÇOIS VOUILLON, of Louviers, (Eure,) in the French Empire,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING, TWISTING, AND FELTING FILAMENTOUS, FIBROUS, OR
TEXTILE MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
I take fibres as they come from a carding engine, say, in a state of
sliver, and wind them on a beam, and I place the beam upon and in contact
with a roller or cylinder; I lead the end of the fibres or sliver through a pair
of fluted rollers, clothed with caoutchouc or other suitable material. Where
threads of more than one color are required, I use as many different colored
slivers as there are colors desired to be mixed by my process, they become mixed
together as one thread; after issuing through the clothed rollers I pass the
slivers between one, two, or more sets of endless bands of caoutchouc, which are
set transversely to the line in which the sliver is travelling. I prefer that the
endless bands should be of caoutchouc, and stretched over and round wheels.
The bands turn in contrary directions. On the wheels being driven fast the
friction upon the threads is energetic and equal, and the bands working in
contrary directions produce twisting and felting. After being acted upon by
the bands the threads are passed on through other clothed fluted rollers, which
act as drawing rollers by being driven at a different speed to that of the
clothed fluted rollers first mentioned. The threads are next carried between

page_text: pressure rollers through a trough of water heated by a "bain marie" under a
roller in the trough out of the water between wringing rolls, over a travelling
table, and between it and a rotary rubber for the purpose of glossing and
smoothing; it is then wound on reels or beams for use.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONNECTING TOGETHER THE SEVERAL TUBES USED IN CON- NECTION WITH STEAK BOILERS FOR SUPERHEATING STEAM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Allen and Josiah Glasson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
28th June 1860.
We, JACOB ALLEN, of Travalga Wharf, Ratcliff Cross Stairs, in the County
of Middlesex, and JOSIAH GLASSON, of Fore Street, Limehouse, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF CONNECTING TOGETHER THE SEVERAL TUBES USED IN CON-
NECTION WITH STEAK BOILERS FOR SUPERHEATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed, first, for preventing breakage of the joints of the
tubes arising from expansion and contraction of the metal; and, secondly, for
enabling the said tubes to be readily, securely, and inexpensively connected
together, and with the steam boiler; I propose to effect these improvements by
the following means, that is to say:-In the funnel or chimney of the boiler
I arrange tubes horizontally in tiers of two or more, each tube being bent into
a kind of horse-shoe form, the inner tube being shorter than the outer ones;
the ends of each of theso tubes (which are on the samo plane) are screwed into
a hollow casting formed with a flange at bottom for connecting it with the
steam pipe leading from the boiler, and the upper end of said hollow casting is
formed with a socket flange to receive the lower end of another similar hollow
casting, to which are connected two bent tubes similar to those last described.
and in this manner I proceed to connect together the aforesaid tubes and
hollow castings in tiers, one immediately over the other, making the joints of

page_text: cach steam-tight, and I support the outer bent ends in any convenient
manner; finally, I tie or connect the whole together by a cap plate, through
which passes a rod, the lower end whereof is connected by a pin to the bottom
of the steam pipe or chest; the upper end of said rod has a screw cut
thereon, on which fits a nut, by tightening which the whole series of tubes
and hollow castings are firmly held together. I propose to arrange the afore-
said hollow castings outside of the funnel or chimney of the boiler, and to
enclose said castings by a casing so arranged that the heat can circulate freely
through the same from the funnel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PLOUGHING LAND
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pearce and Edward Bowles
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 6th November 1860.
I, WILLIAM PEARCE, of Poole, Dorset, Engineer and Machinist, and
EDWARD BOWLES, of Little Canford, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PLOUGHING LAND," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in combining a share of steel or iron with
the common plough for the purpose of subsoiling. The share is fixed to a
stem or bar, which slides in a socket fixed to the framework of the plough,
and in which socket the stem or bar can be fixed at any suitable height by
means of set screws or other similar contrivance; the share or subsoiler can
thus be adjusted to work to any depth according to what the nature of the
ground may require.
Secondly, by attaching one or more wings or knives to the side or on the
face of the turnfurrow for the purpose of cutting the furrow in slices, and
thus leaves openings for the penetration of air, frost, and rain during winter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Siegerich Christopher Kreeft, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th:
January 1860. A communication from abroad by Carl Von Etzel, of
Vienna, Civil Engineer.
I, SIEGERICH CHRISTOPHER KREEFT, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in the permanent way of railways, relates.
to the mode of forming the transverse sleepers for supporting the rails of
the permanent way, and consists in constructing the transverse sleepers of
trough iron, which, when inverted so as to have its concave surface towards
the earth and well packed beneath, will form a very stable and secure.
foundation for the rails. When T or bridge rails are employed with these
improved transverso sleepers the rails may, if desired, be bolted thereto direct
without the use of chairs. By employing these transverse trough-iron sleepers
in the construction of the permanent way of railways, the necessity of
using transverse tie rods to preserve the gauge of the rails is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PATTENS OR CLOGS AND COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August
1860.-A.communication from abroad by Madame Marie Célina Gobert,
née Lebrun, of Paris in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PATTENS OR CLOGS AND COVERINGS FOR THE FEET," to be
as follows:-
This improved patten or clog which is termed "the countess hygienic clog
or patten," is intended to be worn by adults and children, of both sexes, and
of all ages. The principal object to be effected is that of preserving the feet
from mud and wet by means of soles raised higher or lower according to
circumstances. It consists of a sole of metal or other material, hinged like
a clog, or it may be elastic or rigid; it is furnished with a projecting ridge
piece carried round and forming a raised heel, as also round the fore part of
the sole which raises it from the ground, in the manner of a patten, this may
be of openwork and more or less ornamental with roughened contact surfaces to
prevent slipping on the ground; ornamental openwork ridges are carried round
the heel on the upper part to grip the heel of the wearer, as also at the toes,
and the clog may be further fastened by a strap or otherwise. This improved
clog, or patten, may be constructed of all kinds of metals, but principally of
iron, steel, cast-iron, or bronze, alone or combined with other materials.

page_text: I can also employ in its construction, in combination with metals, either leather,
wood, gutta percha, india-rubber, cloth, velvet, and all kinds of fabrics, and
also all species of skins, which I may consider suitable. The clog or patten
may either be made in a machine, or suitably shaped by the hand in parts
and then rivetted or soldered together, or of a single piece; the heel guard
may also be applied to all existing forms of boots, or shoes, the sole may be
either solid or formed of openwork. This patten may be secured to the
foot by means of a strap fastening to a ring or otherwise; the lower heel guard
is furnished with points or notches or other arrangement to prevent slipping.
The sides of the patten I generally form of a strip of iron placed edgewise
either plain or perforated, and which is held by one or several small transverse
points. The sole may be jointed, or of a single piece of suitable shape, which
may be modified as required. The upper raised edge may be either plain or
perforated and formed of leather or metal or other materials above mentioned.
The lower part or sole with its projecting edges may also be applied to all
kinds of coverings for the feet at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS FOR THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING THEM SHOT AND SHELL PROOF
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Tom Cornish at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th Decem-
ber 1860.
I, SAMUEL TOM CORNISH, of Beaumont Square, Mile End, in the County of
Middlesex, Shipwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS FOR THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING
THEM SHOT AND SHELL PROOF," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in a peculiar construction and arrangement of
metal plates or substances of iron or steel in ships, whereby to resist the
penetration of shot and shell. I arrange the metal in the form of a series of
ribs of the ship, which may vary in thickness as may be best adapted for the
purpose, say about one and a half or two inches. These pieces of metal should
be about nine or ten inches in width; they are presented edgeways to resist the
shot, and are alternated with timbers or other material of about the same
thickness as the metal, the whole being strongly bolted or clamped together to
form a solid mass. I then place a lining of plank, or it may be metal plates
inside and outside of this compound iron and wood framework, and bind the
whole suitably together. Iron forming part of the framework of the ship as
described adds greatly to its strength, unlike outside shot-proof plates, which
encumber and rather detract from than add strength to the framing of the
ships. The shot-proof ribs before mentioned should be thinned at a sufficient
depth below the water line, and as they approach the keel some may even
terminate at a point not requiring protection from shot, the deficiency being
made up with wood. The decks of ships may also be similarly constructed.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN PRESSURE GUAGES, THE WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO VACUUM GUAGES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Parrish at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1860.
I, HENRY PARRISH, of Balsall Heath, in the County of Worcester, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN PRESSURE GUAGES, THE WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO VACUUM GUAGES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object an improved means of ascertaining the
correct pressure of steam and other fluids through the medium of an ordinary
metallic guage, the improvement being as follows:-"A spiral spring of a
desired strength is passed through the interior of a metal tube deposited in the
socket of the guage, the upper end of the said tube has a cap or similar
covering, with a hole in its centre for the for the purpose of uniting one end of
the spiral spring which is screwed with the rod acting in conjunction with the
toothed quadrant, the lower end of the said spring is rivetted or otherwise
affixed to the body and near to the mouth of the socket, that is to say, that
part of the guage wich is connected to the syphon. In order to preserve the
spring from the injurious influence which in course of time and constant usage
the steam or other fluid might exert upon it, I coat or cover the same with a
repellant deposition, which, while it accomplishes the purpose aimed at, does
not deprive the spring of its elasticity.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS KNOWN AS ' ZEBRA CLOTH OR TRIPLE CLOTH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hamerton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1860.
I, JOSEPH HAMERTON, of Shibden, near Halifax, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS KNOWN AS ' ZEBRA
CLOTH OR TRIPLE CLOTH,'" to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of this class of fabric, on account of its complicated
nature and design, it has not hitherto been found practicable to weave it by
power, and has therefore only been produced by hand loom weaving; but I
have succeeded in adapting and arranging the mechanism and gearing of
power looms in such manner that I am enabled to weave this class of fabric
by power, whereby it can be produced with more facility and at a great
reduction in cost.
I employ the ordinary crank shaft and connections, with driving pullies, for-
giving motion to the lay or batten, and on each end of the lay a series of
change shuttle boxes, either rotary, oscillatory, or rising and falling, which
have motion given to them by levers and rods or hooks actuated by the
jacquard apparatus, or other indicating means, so as to change the shuttles at
every pick, such indicating apparatus being so arranged as to bring the shuttle,
which contains the proper colour of weft according to the design of fabric,
into line with the bed of the lay or batten at the proper time for picking.

page_text: The healds or heddles are also arranged or geared up in connection with the
jacquard apparatus, and actuated thereby in such manner as to open the shed
or sheds at proper times to receive the shoots of weft for producing the said
triple cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by Charles Greves at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February
1860.
I, CHARLES GREVES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the description of fire-arms known as revolvers,
and consists in such an arrangement of their several parts as will insure sim-
plicity and economy of construction, efficiency of action, and diminution in the
chances of their being deranged. For these purposes, I form the barrel, body,
and back part of the gun or pistol in one solid piece of metal. To the cock
I attach a lifter to operate upon the revolving chamber; the trigger is so con-
structed as to act as trigger, sear, stop, and hold of cylinder. A side plate is
formed in one piece with the guard, by the removal of which the works may
be examined at any time. The revolving chamber is constructed and fitted in
the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martyn John Roberts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1860.
I, MARTYN JOHN ROBERTS, of Crickhowell, in the County of Brecon, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in fitting ordnance and small arms with a curved
plug constructed as hereafter explained, which enters into a groove or grooves
formed for its reception in or towards the rear end of the arm. The direction
of the curve, when the plug is in the fire-arm, is backward towards the rear
end thereof. I bore out from that part of the face and body of the plug
which when in its place in the arm comes in a line with the bore of the gun,
a chamber of the same or about the same diameter as that of the bore, leaving
sufficient of the body of the plug at the back of the chamber to resist the explo-
sion of the charge, which is inserted in the chamber when the plug is raised for
the purpose of loading, or the resistance to the discharge at the rear may
be made to depend upon the thickness of the gun itself. This improved
plug is at the same time the charge-holder and the breech-closer. In loading
at the breech, I raise the plug until the opening of the chamber is outside the
gun, and into the chamber I then put the charge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SOLID, HOLLOW, OR PERFORATED BRICKS, SOCKET, AND OTHER PIPES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Austin Neame at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition on the 17th August
1860.
I, JOHN AUSTIN NEAME, Patent Iron Spring Bedstead Manufacturer,
157, Sloane St., Chelsea, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SOLID, HOLLOW, OR
PERFORATED BRICKS, SOCKET, AND OTHER PIPES," to be as follows:-
It consists of reversed action of several helices, delivery on the incline, and
otherwise.
AN IMPROVED FABRIC SUITABLE FOR HOLDING CHARGES OF GUNPOWDER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd July 1860. A communication from abroad by Heinrich Joachim
Natorp, of Hamburg.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention.
for "AN IMPROVED FABRIC SUITABLE FOR HOLDING CHARGES OF GUNPOWDER," com-
municated to me from abroad by Heinrich Joachim Natorp, of Hamburg,) to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in weaving a fabric from silk "fly" and silk "noils
and other like products from waste silk. I first spin these "fly" and "noil"
fibres, and then weave the threads; the result of the spinning I obtain a new
fabric, which will not readily burn or smoulder, especially when any portion
is left in a gun after the firing of a charge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED FABRICS AND PAPER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gaetano Bonelli at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July
1860. A communication from abroad by Jean Manzoni, of Milan.
I, GAETANO BONELLI, of Milan, in the Kingdom of Sardinia, Gentleman,
now residing at Queen Square, Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED FABRICS AND PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in the manufacture of felted fabrics
and paper, relates to the employment in such manufactures of certain
vegetable substances which have not heretofore been used for such pur-
poses. The plants which are intended to be employed for the purposes
of the present Invention grow in bogs and marshy places, and are rushes
or grasses known under the botanical name of scirpus and eriophorum.
The different kinds of the latter genus or species furnish a cottony
substance, and the head or seed pod of the principal stem of the former
plant is composed of a number of fine fibres radiating from the central
stem. These fibres are attached to the ends of the fine seeds, and when the
solid head of the plant is broken up, so as to disintegrate the fibres, a fine
cottony or flaxy fibre of short but nearly uniform length is obtained. These
fibres are mixed with wool or other suitable material, and then felted, so as to
produce a fabric, sheet, or bat. The cottony substance obtained from the
eriophorum may also be used for felting, or for the manufacture of-paper, for
which latter purpose the finely divided fibres of the scirpus or rush will be
found to be admirably adapted, with very little preparation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINERY
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Webster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th July
1860.
I, JOHN WEBSTER, of Leicester, Hosier, do hereby declaro the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CIRCULAR
KNITTING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the introduction of a greater number of
feeders into circular knitting machines than can at present be advan-
tageously used; and secondly, to the production of thick work on circular
machines when fitted with the Townsend needle, the object being in
both cases to produce varieties of work that cannot now be manufactured
on circular knitting machines. The jacks or thin metal strips which
carry the needles receive an up-and-down motion by being traversed over
a fixed undulating surface, or by rotating that surface and making the
jacks work in fixed guides, but to allow of the jacks having a more
frequent motion to suit an extra number of feeders, without straining the
parts, I crank the jacks, or form them with an incline, so as to enlarge the
diameter of the circle which they present to be operated upon by the un-
dulating surface or way. By this means, without increasing the friction of
contact between the jacks and the undulating surfaces, I impart to the needles
a succession of up-and-down motions corresponding in number to that of the
increased number of feeders.

page_text: In order to produce tuck work, I notch the front edge of the jacks which carry
Townsend needles, so as to admit of two, three, or more undulating surfaces
acting in succession upon following jacks of the same set or series, and the
number of sets which I employ in the same machine will depend on the nature
of the pattern desired to be produced.
MENTS IN SOLDERING IRONS HEATED BY GAS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Bowen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1860.
I, JOHN JAMES BOWEN, of 136, Great Dover Street, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, and 308, Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Pewterer, do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SOLDERING IRONS HEATED BY GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention comprises the constructing a moveable bit for a gas soldering
iron, by making such bit hollow, with crosswise perforations. This hollow
may be carried up or not to the solder at the point of the bit, as the practical
purposes to which the bit is to be applied may require, and the bit is to be
screwed or secured into the proper stock. The gas is ignited in the stock
of the bit, and should be forced on by means of a blow-pipe. An aerometer
blow-pipe being the most suitable for the purpose. An instrument thus con-
structed will be found useful for soldering purposes generally. The above
is a description of the nature of the said Invention, the details whereof may
probably be varied in practice.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANU- FACTURING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER CERAMIC PRODUCTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Jardin and Paul Adrien
Girard, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th June 1860.
We, JOSEPH JARDIN, Mechanician, and PAUL ADRIEN GIRARD, Merchant, both
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANU-
FACTURING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER CERAMIC PRODUCTS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improved machinery for the manufacture of bricks,
tiles, drain pipes, and all ceramic products generally.
In this machine the clay after being moulded into a rectangular form or
brick between two cylinders, is conducted by means of an inclined plane on to
a carriage placed on an endless cloth. It is then divided longitudinally into
two equal parts, each the width of a brick, by means of a wire stretched
across the machine. Each carriage is furnished with parts at distances equal
to the length of a brick placed perpendicularly at their front ends. These
parts come in contact with the arms of a double movable mill or drum, and
communicate a rotatory movement to it, forcing down parallel arms which
obey this motion and thereby cut, by means of a wire with which they are
supplied, the piece of clay the length of a brick. After this operation each
carriage carrying a brick is transported right & left of the machine by means
of an endless cloth. Hoppers placed above the forming cylinders distribute
sand continuously to prevent the clay adhering to them.

page_text: Instead of the wire for cutting the clay we can also employ a movable
plate with a cutting edge for cutting the clay. Two scrapers are made use of
for removing the clay which may adhere to the cylinders.
This apparatus is also applicable for the manufacture of articles of plastic
material in other forms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING & ROUNDING WOOD
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Fleet at the Office- of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th November
1860.
I, BENJAMIN FLEET, of East Street, Walworth, in the County of Surrey,
Soda Water Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING & ROUNDING WOOD," to be as.
follows:-
My Invention relates to cutting and reducing wood to a cylindrical state by.
means of cutters which rotate while the wood is held stationary, and passing
through the spindle carrying the cutters. It consists, first, in mounting a cir-
cular saw on the same spindle as the rounding cutters, which saw can be used.
at same time as the rounding cutters for cutting up the wood into strips,
previously to its being rounded, or the spindle can be used alternately for the
two purposes.
The second part consists in mounting the rounding cutters on a face plate
or chuck in such manner that the holding clamps or pieces are fitted
the one to move on a centre, and the other in an arc slot described from
that centre; a binding piece placed midway of the holding clips also moves in
an arc slot, and is drawn through by a nut at the back, thereby binding the
cutter in position. By this arrangement the tools can be greatly varied in their
position, and so as to be suitable for cutting various sizes;, the hollow spindle
having a passage for the largest size is bushed by movable bushes for smaller

page_text: sizes. On my face plate or chuck I mount two tools as roughing tools, and two
others as smoothing tools, which I form with an inclined cutting edge, and
applied to the wood tangentially, the cutting edge extending in both directions
from the contact point, which is at the middle of its breadth, exactly as applied
by a wood turner in turning & smoothing wood. My roughing tool is of an
improved form, being in part in shape similar to half a gouge, which part
operates on the roughest parts of the wood from the half gouge; its cutting
edge is extended in a flat or chisel form, which is partly parallel with the
spindle & then gradually recedes from the wood, so as to impart a tolerably
smooth finish to the wood. These improvements in and application of the
tools may be applied to ordinary wood rounding apparatus where the tools are
fixed on jaws or other rigid parts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coupe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1860.
I, JOHN COUPE, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that portion of the power loom known as the
"shedding motion," by which the healds are actuated, and consists in a novel
arrangement of mechanism for effecting such motion. Upon the tappet shaft
or other convenient part of the loom a crank is applied, which as it rotates
gives motion by means of a connecting rod, and another crank or arm to
pulley or drum, heart-shaped, eccentric, or otherwise, to which the heald bands
or straps are attached, so that as the crank on the tappet shaft rotates, an
oscillating movement is given to the said drum or pulley, and the healds are
alternately raised and lowered, and the "shedding" of the warp is thereby
effected; one pulley working each pair of healds without the employment of
"treddles."
Im- PROVEMENTS IN CASING SHIPS, BATTERIES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES FOR THE PURPOSE OF RESISTING SHOT, SHELL, AND OTHER PROJECTILES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho 24th
February 1860.
I, JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
5 Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN CASING SHIPS, BATTERIES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES FOR THE PURPOSE
OF RESISTING SHOT, SHELL, AND OTHER PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of a casing of soft steel or other
metal wire twisted or plaited into strands or ropes, or otherwise combined after
a similar manner. This casing I combino with plates of solid metal, and place
it either on the outside or inside thereof, or I use the said wire casing without
solid metal plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OILY AND FATTY SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilberforce Bryant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st November
1860.
J, WILBERFORCE BRYANT, of 5, Lipson Terrace, Plymouth, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OILY
AND FATTY SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating oily and fatty
substances.
For these purposes I employ at the same time nitric acid and sulphurous
acid in order to harden and bleach fatty oily and matters.
The manner which I prefer for applying such acids is by the use of two tubes
which descend to the bottom of the vessel containing the oily or fatty matters
in a fluid state, beat being applied when necessary to keep the fatty or oily
natter in such state. The nitric acid, by preference in a diluted state, is
introduced to the lower part of the vessel by one tube, and the sulphurous
acid, by preference in the form of gas, is introduced by the other tube in such
manner that the two acids may come together below the fatty or oily matter
in the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEPARATION OF SULPHUR FROM ITS COMBINATIONS WITH CERTAIN METALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew George Hunter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
. January 1860.
I, ANDREW GEORGE HUNTER, of Pentre Alkali Works, Flint, North Wales,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
SEPARATION OF SULPHUR FROM ITS COMBINATIONS WITH CERTAIN METALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the separation of sulphur from metallic
sulphurets, in particular certain sulphurets of iron, copper, and calcium. I
effect this by means of either air, steam, or a mixture of air and steam, or a
mixture of air or steam with gases or other substances capable of supplying
either oxygen or hydrogen applied to the sulphuret, either alone or mixed
with other matters while in a state of fusion; I prefer forcing the air, steam,
or mixture of air, steam, or other substances through and among the fused
sulphuret, which is maintained in a state of fusion by the heat evolved from
the decomposition, and combinations effected by the action of the gases in-
troduced. When the heat evolved from this source is from any cause
insufficient to maintain the sulphuret in a fused state, artificial heat must
be applied. The gases evolved are either sulphurous acid, hydro-sulphuric
acid, or a mixture of both, according to the gases introduced to the sulphuret.
Air evolves sulphurous acid, steam, hydro-sulphuric acid, and mixture of air
and steam evolves a mixture of both.

page_text: I prefer converting the bydro-sulphuric acid into sulphurous acid by com-
bustion, and the sulphurous acid I convert into sulphuric acid by means of
nitre, as is commonly used in manufacturing sulphuric acid from sulphur or
pyrites. Should it be desirable to obtain sulphur as a result of the process, I
apply air and steam in such proportions as to evolve such a mixture of
sulphurous and hydrosulphuric acid as is capable of mutually decomposing
each other, and the sulphur thus produced may be collected in suitable
apparatus. The metallic oxide remaining after the decomposition of the
sulphuret may be used either as a source from which to obtain the metal, or
applied to any other purpose.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF WREATHS OR TRIMMINGS FOR LADIES BONNETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dean and Charles Peach
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 25th February 1860.
We, WILLIAM DEAN, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Weaver, and
CHARLES PEACH, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Weaver, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF WREATHS OR TRIMMINGS FOR LADIES BONNETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
OF DRESS," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing wreaths or trimmings according to this Invention, we
place in the ordinary ribbon loom a certain number of threads, forming a
narrow warp, and in these threads are placed two fine brass wires running
parallel therewith. We then proceed to weave the same with a silk or other
weft in a similar manner to ordinary ribbon weaving, the weft being carried
in a common shuttle, the only difference being that in this instance the article
produced has only a narrow strip of warp threads in the centre, and on each
side the weft forms a long open loop, in fact somewhat in the form of a a double
looped fringe. To determine the width of these loops from the centre we
place two strong threads or wires, one on each side of the warp, at a certain
distance therefrom, and the weft thread from the shuttle passing round the
same is thus kept at any required width.
When this process is completed to any desired length, the material is then
taken from the loom, and by means of the two fine wires the whole is twisted
together, so as to form a circular looped wreath or trimming.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Thomas Truman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
June 1860.
I, EDWIN THOMAS TRUMAN, of Old Burlington Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to alter or add to the shoe in such manner
that nails may be dispensed with wholly or in part. I form the shoe with
shaped irons, and cause them to fit over or upon the hoof, and to ensure
them a bearing surface on all parts I apply a stratum of gutta percha or
other plastic material or composition.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACES, AND IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Goldie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1860.
I, JAMES GOLDIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES, AND IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of furnaces, in
such manner as to obtain the complete combustion of the fuel, and prevent
the emission of visible smoke. Under one modification this Invention consists
in the introduction of an air chamber, composed of iron, or other suitable
metal, of brickwork, fire tiles, or glass, or other suitable material, or by means
of pipes or ducts of any shape or form, whereby a hollow partition open to the
external atmosphere, and extending from the outer part of the furnace to a
distance inside, sufficient to insure a proper distribution of air to the fuel,
which is used on the principle of alternate firing. From this chamber the air
is allowed to pass through openings in the sides, top, and end next the grate
bars, so as to be diffused in certain comminuted portions into and over the fuel
during its combustion.
A stream of air is also introduced by means of
openings of any suitable size or form through the vertical or horizontal doors
by which the fuel is supplied to the furnace, the quantity of air to be admitted
under the grate bars being regulated by suitable means.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ORNAMENTING THE EDGES OF CLOTH-BOUND BOOKS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hogg, the elder, James
Hogg, the younger, and John Hogg at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th November 1860.
We, JAMES HOGG, the elder, of Edinburgh, in the County of Edinburgh,
and JAMES HOGG, the younger, and JOHN HOGG, of London, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ORNAMENTING THE EDGES OF CLOTH-BOUND BOOKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of gold or coloured lines, plain or
ornamental, or patterns to the edges of "cloth-bound" books when "cut
solid," in such manner as to produce a pattern upon the said edges, either
when they are left white (the colour of the paper), or on a white ground, or
stained with any suitable colour, but not gilt.
The manner in which the Invention is to be carried out is as follows:-The
gold or coloured lines or patterns are to be applied to the surface of the white.
or coloured edges of the "cloth-bound" book in the usual manner resorted to
by bookbinders, white of egg and vinegar, or other convenient preparation
being used to make the gold or colour adhere, and an ordinary engraved
"roll," or a "block," or separate stamps bearing the required design to impress
the line or pattern. In practice we prefer, but do not confine ourselves to a
pattern produced by a twisted or rope-like gold line or "roll," about one-
sixteenth of an inch broad, so disposed upon the edges of the "cloth-bound "
volume as to produce an outline chess-board pattern, the hollow squares of the

page_text: said outline chess-board pattern being placed obliquely or diamond-wise on the
edges of the "cloth-bound " book.
We claim as novel and of our Invention the application to the white or
stained edges of "cloth-bound" books when "cut solid" of gold or coloured
lines, (whether applied by a common engraved hand "roll," or a solid engraved 5
"block" of the design, or separate engraved stamps forming a design,) for the
production of the pattern on the edges.
We specially disclaim any reference to books bound in leather, or patterns
upon book edges "cut solid" and gilt all over, in the manner which is common
in the finer kinds of bookbinding.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILING OR EVAPORATING SOAP, SALINE SOLUTIONS, OR OTHER LIQUID SUB-STANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Westhead at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
1860.
I, EDWARD WESTHEAD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOILING OR EVAPORATING SOAP, SALINE SOLUTIONS, OR OTHER LIQUID SUB-
STANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in causing heated air to
boiled or evaporated, and the said fluid may at the
submitted to the usual fire or other heat.
pass into the fluid to be
same time, if desired, be
AN IMPROVED BEAMING FRAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Holgate at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1860.
I, WILLIAM HOLGATE, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BEAMING
FRAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of winding the warps on the
warp beam of a loom. The beam is placed in bearings in any suitable frame-
work and a decreasing speed according to the strength of the warp is given
to it as the warp is wound on by causing a revolving friction plate to turn a
pulley, which is moved by degrees from the edge or outer circumference of
the plate towards the centre. The shaft of the pulley is geared with the shaft
connected to the beam, and as the speed of the pulley decreases a corresponding
effect is given to the beam.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND COMBING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Eastwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1860.
I, THOMAS CHARLES EASTWOOD, of Bradford, in the County of York, Wool
Comber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND COMBING WOOL, COTTON, AND
OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
I arrange apparatus somewhat of the character of an ordinary carding
engine, but in place of the ordinary main cylinder or swift I apply a series of
card rollers, which in addition to revolving on their own axes revolve round
a main axis, and so that portions of their surfaces successively come into
position to take fibre from feeding means, and then for that fibre to bo
operated by the working and stripping rollers, and when so operated the fibro
is taken from each of the series of tooth or card rollers by passing combs,
which I prefer to be of the kind generally called chain combs, and which in
carrying out these improvements are caused to traverse in a direction parallèl
to the axis of the series of card rollers from which they take the fibre. The
comb teeth are of various lengths, and have a guard plate applied over some
of them, where they would be capable of being acted upon by the surfaces of
the card rollers, in manner similar to that referred to in the arrangement for -
which I have already obtained protection, dated the Nineteenth day of
September 1859, No. 2130. I also use a brush or such like means to force
the fibre into the remaining comb teeth after they have passed the card rollers,
and before the fibre is drawn off by the drawing-off rollers, as therein stated.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGE WHEELS FOR COMMON HIGHWAYS, RAILROADS, OR TRAMWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Parker Bath at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1860.
I, JAMES PARKER BATH, of Aigburth, near Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Coach Proprietor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGE WHEELS FOR
COMMON HIGHWAYS, RAILROADS, OR TRAMWAYS," to be as follows (that is to
say):
This Invention consists of a simple appliance whereby common carriage
wheels can be used on railways or tramways as well as upon ordinary highways,
and consists of segmental guide plates, flaps, or bar, suspended to the axle of
the carriage and extending down the inner side of the wheels, and a little
beyond the pheriphery thereof, forming a flanch on the lower portions of the
wheels to keep them in position when upon the rails. The segmental guide
plates on each end of the axle are connected together by a transverse plate,
or other suitable contrivance, and admit of a pendulous motion being given
thereto to enable them to be lifted and held clear of the ground when the
vehicle is running on common roads, which is done by means of rods and
levers or other mechanical equivalents under the control of the driver or other
person. It is preferred to construct portions of the pendulous guides which
are subject to friction so that they may be shod with steel or other suitable
substance, and which can be removed for repair or renewal at pleasure. And
in some cases it may be deemed advisable to fit the pendulous flaps with
antifriction wheels or rollers working on a vertical or oblique axis.
INLAYING, MARKING, & ENGRAVING IVORY, VEGETABLE IVORY, WOOD, OR HORN BUTTONS, OR SUCH AS ARE MADE OF SIMILAR MATERIALS, BY A NEW PROCESS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Gilbert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November
1860.
I, DAVID GILBERT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Button
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "INLAYING,
MARKING, & ENGRAVING IVORY, VEGETABLE IVORY, WOOD, OR HORN BUTTONS, OR
SUCH AS ARE MADE OF SIMILAR MATERIALS, BY A NEW PROCESS," to be as follows,
that is to say:
My Invention relates to, firstly, a mode of marking or engraving such
buttons by tools to be used in an ordinary fly press, such buttons never having
been marked in any similar manner excepting at the lathe, which is a more
imperfect & expensive process; my process enables me to produce a much
greater variety & beauty of ornamentation, & to mark or name such buttons
with the greatest simplicity & economy.
N.B. As there is nothing new in the nature of the tools themselves which
I use, I need not describe them.
Secondly, the mode of preparing such buttons for so marking.-I turn them
in the ordinary way, & then flatten their surfaces by lapping or grinding to
bring them to a dead level, which has not been done before. I do not
require to use this process except when such buttons are required of a quite
flat shape. I inlay or colour the impressions made on such buttons by the
process above described by any kind of colouring substance that I can rub
or paint in.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davis Phillips at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1860.
I, JOHN DAVIS PHILLIPS, of Ghent, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of a peculiar apparatus in lieu of
the air pump at present employed in condensing engines, and consists in the
application and use of apparatus similar to that now known as "Giffard's
Feed Injector," for the purpose of removing the water from the condenser and
conveying it to the hot well. In carrying out this Invention in practice it is
proposed to apply a branch pipe of the "injector," but which is in this case an
ejector to the bottom of any ordinary or other condenser, so that on a jet of
steam being admitted into the ejector the water in the condenser will be
drawn out and forced into the hot well with which the ejector is in com-
munication. A branch steam pipe opens into the condenser for the purpose
of forming a vacuum therein on first starting the engine, by which means the
ordinary injection jet of cold water, and the ejection apparatus for conveying
such water to the hot well may be put into operation before the engine itself
is started.