Improvements in and connected with the Manufacture of Cigarettes.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Aug., 1890-Accepted, 4th Oct., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Manufacture of
Cigarettes.
I, PANAYIOTTI YEATROPULOS, of 135, Park Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Tobacconist, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as
follows:
This invention relates to manufacturing cigarettes (that is portions of cut tobacco
encased in wrappers of paper or other substance); and to apparatus to be used in
such manufacture.
In manufacturing cigarettes of cut tobacco with improvements according to this
invention applied thereto, the tobacco which is in a cut form is operated upon as
follows:-The tobacco is placed in a hopper or other vessel, from which it is delivered,
and formed into a sheet, (of width to provide for one or more cigarettes in length); it
is then evenly carded or combed out; and from the sheet of tobacco so prepared, a
portion is cut off, which portion is then fed into a pocket of gauged size, in which it
is rolled to the required size. This roll of tobacco is then covered with a wrapper of
paper or other material and discharged. When the roll is of length to form more
than one cigarette, it is cut into the required lengths to form the cigarettes. All
these operations are by preference carried on in one machine; such a machine is
hereinafter described.
With respect to the supply of the wrappers for covering the roll of tobacco. The
wrapper which may be paper, tobacco leaf, or other suitable material, is fed in
portions already gummed as required to the roll; of tobacco, when in its is forming
pocket where it is rolled round the tobacco. The supply of the wrappers is by
preference provided for by the mechanism set forth in the machine hereinafter
described.
The apparatus comprises the following parts:-A hopper for containing the cut
tobacco; a roller or rollers or equivalent device for feeding the tobacco from the
hopper; an endless travelling band or an equivalently moving device or means; a
carding or combing device, by which the filaments of the tobacco are straightened out
and evenly distributed on the travelling band or other device (the said feeding device
and the said straightening or distributing device being both adjustable, so that the
thickness of the tobacco sheet can be regulated); a guillotine knife or like device, for
dividing or cutting from the tobacco sheet certain quantities or portions, the stroke of
said knife being adjustable and timed, whereby the size of the portions are regulated
to suite the size of the cigarettes to be made; an endless travelling band for receiving
the portion of tobacco cut off or separated from the sheet hereafter called the former
band; a set of rollers for carrying the forner band and for forming and wrapping
and fastening up the cigarette roll with a wrapper; and a device for receiving the
cigarette roll and cutting it into lengths, and delivering the finished cigarettes. The
wrapper which may
consist of paper, tobacco leaf, or equivalent material, is stored in
a continuous length, but is supplied to the forming and wrapping device in sheets of
the required size, and one edge is provided with a suitable sticking fluid or paste.
The apparatus consists of a roller for containing a continuous roll of cigarette paper,
tobacco leaf or other suitable material; a knife by which the paper, tobacco leaf or
other material is cut into the required lengths to suite the size of cigarette being
made; and a pad or like device by which a film of mucilage is applied to the edge of
the paper, tobacco leaf or other material, and feeds it to the former band.
The above parts are all arranged on a suitable frame, and worked by suitable rods,
levers, shafts, cams and other suitable devices, to impart to them the requisite motions

page_text: at the correct time. The following is a description of one convenient arrangement
of the parts and their action, and the cycle and nature of the various motions
required.
The supply hopper is an ordinary box, extending the full width of the endless band
(which may be of width sufficient to form the length of one or more, for example
from six to twelve cigarettes), the front lower edge or mouth of it being provided
with an ajustable roller which runs horizontally over the endless band. and so
arranged that accordingly as the height of the roller over the band is, so will be the
thickness of the tobacco sheet. The feed roller and the travelling band have imparted
to them by means of suitable gear, such as toothed wheels or equivalent devices, an
intermittant motion, the length of which can be adjusted to suit the size of the portion
of tobacco required to form the roll out of which the cigarettes are formed. In front
of the feeding roller I provide a carding or combing device, having sets of teeth
which just touch the tobacco sheet and have a lateral and at the same time a back-
wards and forwards pendulos movement which is imparted to the comb by suitable
gear which thereby straightens and smoothens the tobacco sheet. In front of the
travelling band and with its cutting edge working in a slot, in a block I provide a
knife for cutting the portions of tobacco, this knife may be worked by a bell crank
lever receiving motion from a cam, and arranged so that the stroke can be lengthened
or shortened and timed so as to cut longer or shorter portions of the tobacco sheet
according to the thickness of the cigarette to be made. The paper or tobacco leaf for
wrapping the cigareties, is carried in a continuous roll on a roller above the endless
band, and the edge of the paper or leaf is led between rollers or an equivalent device
with an intermittent motion that will measure the width of paper or leaf required to
wrap the cigarette, said measure hoing adjustable to suit the measure of the portion of
tobacco cut off by the knife. Below these rollers I provide a knife device which has
an adjustable intermittent motion corresponding to the feed of the rollers, and serves
to cut a portion off the paper or leaf, below the knife there is a pad or equivalent
device which is saturated with a mucilage such as starch. liquid, or gum, this pad acts
with the knife so that as the portion of paper or leaf is cut off, the pad dabs a film of
the mucilage on the upper edge of the piece of paper or leaf which has been cut off
the piece of paper or leaf, is then fed down by a downward stroke of the knife and
pad (to which latter it adhears) or by rollers and delivered onto the former band.
The former band is an endless travelling band, which is carried by fixed rollers, the
band has a certain amount of slack which is taken up by an adjustable roller; there
is also provided a swinging roller which forms the pocket in the band to receive the
tobacco and roll it. A convenient arrangement of the former band. consists in leading
it over two fixed rollers placed slightly apart in the same horizontal plane, and just
between the knife which cuts the tobacco, and the knife which cuts the paper or leaf,
between the rollers there is a block (over which the ban passes) to receive the
tobacco which is fed onto it; down an incline from the knife, below the above
mentioned rollers, there are two other horizontal fixed rollers, these rollers are placed
further apart than the first mentioned rollers. Over and round these four rollers, the
former band is passed, this band has a considerable amount of slack and the required
portion of this slack, is taken up by an adjustable roller placed between the two lower
rollers; when adjusting the roller to take up the slack of the band, a portion of such
slack is left, which sufficient to form a pocket of size to suit the diameter of
cigarette roil to be made (by altering the position of the adjusting roller, this slack
can be increased or reduced, to provide for alteration in the size of the pocket). In
front of the leading upper roller and under the band, there is provided a roller, which
I will call the former roller, carried on arms, which have a swinging or pendulous
motion, of such a nature that in one, the outer position, the slack of the band lays
between it and the leading roller with a concave droop, which is maintained by two
short spring retained gauging rollers which bear on the edges of the band on each
side, these rollers have also a pendulous movement. In its other position or instroke,
that is when neare to the leading roller, 'the slack of the band takes the form of a
pocket, the size of which is governed by the diameter of the two short side gauging

page_text: rollers, above named, which can be changed so as to adapt the size of the pocket to
suit the requirement of different diameters of cigarettes by using rollers of larger or
smaller diameter. Close to the former band, and in front of the foriner roller, and
moving therewith, I provide a frame which receives the cigarette roll as it leaves the
band, and as the former roller moves out the roll falls to the bottom of the frame
where it is held, and is then cut into lengths by revolving knives or their equivalent
to form cigarettes; as the former roller again moves in to form another roll, the
frame opens and the cigarettes are discharged.
The action of forming the cigarette roil is as follows:-The portion of tobacco cut
off the sheet falls from the knife onto the former band which then delivers it over the
leading roller into the concave or slack part of the band at the same time the former
roller closes up to the leading roller and the tobacco is caught in the pocket, then
formed by the band and edge side gauging rollers, the tobacco is then rolled round by
the movement of the band, and then the leading edge of the paper, or leaf is inserted
by its feeding device, in between the leading and former rollers, and the roll of
tobacco is rolled up in it, and the roll is fastend up by the adhesive mucilage. The
action or motions of the various parts are timed to perform the functions assigned to
them in rotation. After forming, the roll is discharged and cut into lengths for
cigarettes as above described.
Dated this 21st day of October 1889
PANAYIOTTI YEATROPULOS.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Manufacture of
Cigarettes.
1, PANAYIOTTI YEATROPULOS, of 135, Park Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Tobacconist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to manufacturing cigarettes (that is portions of cut tobacco
encased in wrappers of paper or other substance); and to apparatus to be used in such
manufacture.
In manufacturing cigarettes of cut tobacco with improvements according to this
invention applied thereto, the tobacco which is in a cut form is operated upon as
follows: The tobacco is placed in a hopper or other vessel from which it is delivered,
and formed into a sheet (of width to provide for one or more cigarettes in length); it
is then evenly carded or combed out; and from the sheet of tobacco so prepared, a
portion is cut off, which portion is then fed into a pocket of gauged size, in which
it is rolled to the required size. This roll of tobacco is then covered with a wrapper
of paper or other material and discharged. When the roll is of length to form more
than one cigarette, it is cut into the required lengths to form the cigarettes. All
these operations are by preference carried on in one machine; such a machine is
hereinafter described.
With respect to the supply of the wrappers for covering the roll of tobacco. The
wrapper which may be paper, tobacco leaf, or other suitable material, is fed in portions
already gummed as required to the roll of tobacco, when in its forming pocket where
it is rolled round the tobacco.
The supply of the wrappers is by preference provided for by the mechanism set forth
in the machine hereinafter described.
The apparatus comprises the following parts:-A hopper for containing the cut
tobacco; a roller or rollers or equivalent device for feeding the tobacco from the
hopper; an endless travelling band or an equivalently moving device or means; a
carding or combing device by which the filaments of the tobacco are straightened out

page_text: and evenly distributed on the travelling band or other device (the said feeding device
and the said straightening or distributing device being both adjustable, so that the
thickness of the tobacco sheet can be regulated); a guillotine knife or like device, for
dividing or cutting from the tobacco sheet certain quantities or portions, the stroke of
said knife being adjustable and timed, whereby the size of the portions are regulated
to suit the size of the cigarettes to be made; an endless travelling band for receiving
the portion of tobacco cut off or separated from the sheet hereinafter called the former
band ; set of rollers for carrying the former band and for forming and wrapping
and fastening up the cigarette roll with a wrapper; and a device for receiving the
cigarette roll and cutting it into lengths and delivering the finished cigarettes. The
wrapper which may consist of paper, tobacco leaf, or equivalent material, is stored in
a continuous length, but is supplied to the forming and wrapping device in sheets of
the required size, and one edge is provided with a suitable sticking fluid or paste.
The apparatus consists of a roller for containing a continuous roll of cigarette paper,
tobacco leaf or other suitable material; a knife by which the paper, tobacco leaf or
other material is cut into the required lengths to suit the size of cigarette being made;
and a pad or like device by which a film of mucilage is applied to the elge of the
paper, tobacco leaf or other material, and feeds it to the former band.
The above parts are all arranged on a suitable frame, and worked by suitable rods,
levers, shafts, cams and other suitable devices, to impart to them the requisite motions
at the correct time. The following is a description of one convenient arrangement of
the parts and their action, and the cycle and nature of the various motions required.
The supply hopper is an ordinary box extending the full width of the endless ban.l
(which may be of width sufficient to take the length of one or more cigarettes-say
for example from six to twelve cigarettes), the front lower edge or mouth of it being
provided with an adjustable roller which runs horizontally over the endless band, and
so arranged that accordingly as the height of the roller over the handle is so will be
the thickness of the tobacco sheet. The feed roller and the travelling band have
imparted to them by means of suitable gear, such as toothed wheels or equivalent
devices, a continuous or intermittent motion. In front of the feeding roller I provide
a carding or combing device, having sets of teeth which just touch the tobacco and
may have a lateral and at the same time a backwards and forwards pendulous movement
which is imparted to the comb by suitable gear which thereby straightens and
smoothens the tobacco sheet. In front of the travelling band and with its cutting
edge working in a slot in a block I provide a knife for cutting the portions of tobacco.
This knife may be worked by cams, and arranged so that the stroke can be lengthened
or shortened and timed so as to cut longer or shorter portions of the tobacco sheet
according to the thickness of the cigarette to be made. The paper or tobacco leaf for
wrapping the cigarettes, is carried in a continuous roll on a roller above the endless
band, and the edge of the paper or leaf is led between rollers or an equivalent device
with an intermittent motion that will measure the amount of paper or leaf required to
wrap the cigarette, said measure being adjustable to suit the measure of the portion of
tobacco cut off by the knife. Below these rollers I provide a knife device which has
an adjustable intermittent motion corresponding to the feed of the rollers, and serves to
cut a portion off the paper or leaf. Below the knife there is a device which supplies a
mucilage such as starch, liquid, or gum. This device acts with the knife so that the
portion of paper or leaf is cut off, it dabs a film of the mucilage on the upper edge
of the piece of paper or leaf which has been cut off; the piece of paper or leaf is
then fed down by a downward stroke of the knife and gumming device, or by rollers,
and delivered into the former band.
a
The former band is an endless travelling band, which is carried by fixed rollers, the
band having a certain amount of slack which is taken up by an adjustable roller, there
is also provided a swinging roller which forms the pocket in the band to receive
the tobacco and roll it. A convenient arrangement of the former band, consists in
leading it over two fixed rollers placed slightly apart in the same horizontal plane,
and just between the knife which cuts the paper or leaf, between the roller there
is a block (over which the band passes) to receive the tobacco which is fed onto

page_text: it, down an incline from the knife. Below the above mentioned rollers, there are
two other horizontal fixed rollers, these rollers are placed further apart than the first
mentioned rollers. Over and round these rollers, the former band is passed. When
adjusting the roller to take up the slack of the band, a portion of such sla:k is
left, which is sufficient to form a pocket of size to suit the diameter of cigarette
roll to be made, and by altering the position of the adjusting roller, this slack can
be increased or reduced, to provide for alteration in the size of the pocket. In front
of the leading upper roller and under the band, the swinging or pendulous former
roller is placed the motion of which is of such a nature that in one the outer
position, little slack of the band exists, which is maintained by two short spring
retained gauging rollers which bear on the edges of the band on each side, these
rollers have also a rocking movement. In its other position or instroke, that is when
near to the leading roller, the slack of the band takes the form of a pocket, the size
of which is governed by the diameter of the two short side gauging rollers, ahove
mentioned, which can be changed so as to adapt the size of the pocket to suit the
requirement of different diameters of cigarettes. Close to the former band, and in
front of the former roller, and moving therewith, I provide a frame which receives
the cigarette roll as it leaves the band, and as the former roller moves out the roll
falls to the bottom of the frame where it is held, and is then cut into lengths by
revolving knives or their equivalent to form cigarettes; as the former roller again
moves in to form another roll, the frame opens and the cigarettes are discharged.
The action of forming the cigarette is as follows:-The portion of tobacco cut off
the sheet falls from the knife onto the former band which then delivers it over the
leading roller into the concave or slack part of the band, at the same time the former
roller closes up to the leading roller and the tobacco is caught in the pocket then
formed by the band and edge side gauging rollers, the tobacco is then rolled round by
the movement of the band, and then the leading edge of the paper, or leaf is inserted
by its feeding device, in between the leading and former rollers, and the roll of
tobacco is rolled up it, and the roll is fastened up by the adhesive mucilage. The
action or motions of the various parts are timed to perform the functions assigned to
them in rotation. After forming, the roll is discharged and cut into lengths for
cigarettes as above described.
To clearly explain the nature of my invention I will describe it by the
aid of the drawings which accompany this Specification, and which illustrato
one example of apparatus designed in accordance with and for carrying out the
improvements, the nature of which has been above generally explained.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a view shewing the apparatus in sectional
elevation.
Figure 2 is an elevation shewing the apparatus in outside view; and
Figure 3 is another elevation of the opposite side of the apparatus.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation shewing in detail the paper feeding, gumming,
and cutting device, and the cigarette rolling and cutting mechanism.
Figure 5 is a view shewing the parts illustrated in Figure 4 viewed from the left
hand end.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation shewing the mechanism by which the tobacco is
fed to the machine; and
Figure 7 is a sectional view shewing a modified construction by which the tobacco
is cut; and fed to the rolling mechanisın.
With reference to the drawings a a' are rollers by which the tobacco is fed from
the hopper (hereinafier described with reference to Figure 6) to the machine; a² is
a table down which the tobacco slides after it is delivered by the rollers a a¹; b is an
endless travelling band, and c c¹ are rollers supporting said band, by which the tobacco
is fed forward to the cutting knife; d is a roller disposed above the roller c by means of
which, together with the roller c, the tobacco is pressed into form and fed forward to
the machine; e is the cutting table onto which the tobacco is fed by the roilers c d;
f is a cutting knife adapted to operate in conjunction with the table e, and by which

page_text: the tobacco is cut into strips of the required size and quantity; o is the band or
endless web by which the tobacco is rolled and the cigarette formed; g, h, i, j, k, l, m,
and n are rollers over or under which the band o travels, and by which it is sup-
ported; is a tray or catch into which the cigarettes are passed from the band o
and within the jaw or recess of which at the bottom, the cigarettes are cut into the
desired length; are the knives mounted on the shaft g' by which the cigarettes are
cut into said lengths.
is a roller on which the paper, used to wrap the cigarettes in, is stored, and from
which it is drawn off; is a guide roller over which said paper passes; s is a mechanically
operated roller by which the paper is fed downwards into the machine, and s is a
roller for supporting the paper against the pressure of the rollers; t is the knife by
which the paper is cut into the required length or strips; u is the table or bearing
bar which supports the paper whilst being cut; are slides working in guides
to which the knife t is fixed and supported at its ends; are arms by which the
slides and the knife t are operated; and are upright rocking bars by which the
arms w are supported; y is the main or driving shaft of the apparatus.
The tobacco hopper and feeding mechanism illustrated in Figure 6 comprises the
following parts in addition to the rollers a and a¹ :—The front and back boards, a;
a back roller a³ over which, and the roller a¹, an endless travelling band aª is provided;
a table a' under said band; brackets a8 by which the roller a and the back hopper
boards are supported; a rocking cam or smoothing device a mounted at its ends by
pivots at a, and actuated, that is reciprocated, through a rod all attached to its top end
at a; and a spring knife as by which the roller a is scraped and kept clean. The
roller a is adjustable vertically, the mechanism therefor being identical with that
.connected with the roller d.
The knife fis fixed to a knife bar f' running across the machine and passing through a
slot in the frame A at each side, and is raised up and drawn down by means of
the side bars f which are connected to the bar flat the top by pin joints, and below,
to rocking bars f hinged at f, said bars / being operated on either side of the
machine by cams f fixed to the ends of the main driving shaft y. These cams, it
will be seen, in their rotation give the knife its positive cutting action, whilst the
return motion of the knife and the
which are secured at their upper enger just described is effected by the springs f
to the frame A, and at their opposite ends to
links mounted on the ends of the knife bar f¹.
The table e it will be seen is in the form of a lower shear and the cutting edge of
the knife overlaps or passes down below the upper surface of the table in the manner
of shears, and the tobacco as it is cut or sheared thereby falls onto the travelling
band o beneath it. The rollers c (and through it the travelling band 6 and rollers c¹)
is actuated from the main shaft y through tooth pinions 2 (shewn in dotted lines in
Figure 3), a tooth wheel e gearing with the tooth wheel e² and mounted on a sliding
spindle e, a toothed wheel also mounted and on the spindle c and running at the
same speed as the toothed wheel c, and a larger toothed wheel gearing with the
toothed wheel c and mounted and fixed on the shaft c' on which the roller c itself
is mounted. Thus through this gearing c², c³, c, and the roller c is revolved, and
the tobacco fed from the hopper, above described, onto the band b fed forward. The
gearing wheels and care changeable, and by changing such gear for larger or
smaller wheels, the speed of the roller c can be varied at will, and so the rate of feed
of the tobacco through the machine can be regulated according to the requirements,
i.e., size or tightness of cigarette desired.
The
The upper feed roller d is adjustable vertically and is driven at the same speed as
the roller c from the shaft c' through the spur wheel gearing designated co.
с
adjustment of the roller d is effected as follows:-It is mounted in sliding bearings d'
at each end, such bearings working in a slot d² in each of the frames A, and throngh
the upper end of which screwed adjusting rods d³ pass. These screwed rods pass
through bearings d (one of such bearings being fixed to the frame A at each side),
.and have attached to them above such bearings mitre pinions d'; then, gearing with

page_text: these pinions d, are other pinions & fixed and mounted upon a transverse shaft d
which is adapted to be rotated thereby from outside the machine by an actuating
wheel da fixed to said shaft d7. It will be seen, then, that both the bearings d' are
operated simultaneously through the gearing just described consisting of the screwed
rod and mitre pinions d³ and de proviled in connection with each of said bearing d
at both sides of the machine.
The rollers over which the band o travels, and by which it is caused to move, are
actuated in the following manner :-On the shaft m', upon which the roller m is
mounted, there is fixed outside the frame A on one side of the machine, a toothed
wheel m² which gears with and is driven by the toothed wheel e previously described,
thus this roller m is positively actuated. Then again, the rollers hand k are also
positively operated through a band k', which is driven from the main shaft y by a
pulley mounted and fixed thereon, and the pulleys and 2 fixed on the ends of
the shafts of the rollers and respectively; thus it will be seen that three of the
rollers which support the band o namely m, h, and are positively driven. It is of
course necessary that all these rollers shall be driven at equal speeds and at the required.
velocity.
The roller is moved bodily to and fro by means of the cam which is mounted
on the shaft m' and operates upon the roller or pin 2 fixed to the reciprocating bar ³,
which bar at one end is supported by the shaft m', and at the other end by a pin
joint formed on rocking bars fulcrumed at i³, which rocking bars at their upper
ends support and form bearings for the shaft on which the roller i is mounted,
such shaft passing through slots in the frames A of the machine.
"
By this gear it will be seen that as the shaft m³ revolves the cam travelling in the
direction of the arrow first forces the roller towards the roller / through the cam i,
pin, bars and , and then, as the point of the cam m' leaves the pin or roller 13,
the bars and are free to move in the opposite direction and are rapidly so moved
by the spring a"; and hence when the cigarette has been rolled (in the manner
hereafter described) the quick outward action or movement of the roller i causes the
band o to become comparatively tight, and assume the position shewn in full lines in
Figure 1, and in dotted lines Figure 4, and throws the cigarette out, so that it falls
into the catches p.
The operation of rolling the tobacco is effected through the travelling band 0, the
rollers and i, and the gauging formers 1, which, consist of rollers 1 mounted on
pins 2, and disposed above the band o (see Figures 1, 4 and 5), the pin 2 being
supported by a connecting rod 3 pivoted at 4 to a slide 5, which is norinally pulled
downwards by a spring 6; that is to say, the spring 6 always exerts a downward
pulling force on the slide 5 and in consequence, through the connecting rod 3, which
connects the formers 1 to the slide 5, said spring has a constant tendency to pull that
portion of the band o lying between the rollers h and downwards, and when the
roller i is caused to approach the roller said formers pull the band o down and into
the form of a pocket (as shewn in Figures 1 and 4).
If then, as soon as the tobacco is fed into that portion of the band between the
rollers and by the forward motion of the band o, the roller i is made to approach
the roller has just described, that tobacco will be caught within the pocket of the
band o and thereby formed and rolled into a cylinder of the size of the gauge
formers, 1, since these gauge formers regulate entirely the size of the pocket. The
gauge formers i are made so as to be easily removed and various sized formers are
provided so that the size of the pocket can be varied in accordance to the size and
tightness of the cigarette required, and it is to be understood, that accordingly as more
or less tobacco is supplied by the rollers c d to the pocket with a certain size of
gauge rollers i, so the degree of tightness of the cigarette will be greater or less; or
the degree of tightness and size of cigarette may be governed by the distance apart
of the rollers c, d, since as this distance varies, so the bulk of the quantity of the
tobacco cut off by the knife will vary, and so the size and density or tightness
of the cigarette.

page_text: Then again the degree of tightness may be further controlled by the rate of speed
of the rollers a a', the distance apart of such rollers, or the height of the comb or
smoother a (which is preferably adjustable) is set above the roller al. Or any of
the above modes, or combinations thereof, of regulating the size and degree of tight-
ness of the cigarette may be adopted. The rate of supply of tobacco is controlled by
the speed gearing nereinbefore described.
When the tobacco has been sufficiently rolled in the pocket, a strip of wrapping
paper already gummed or provided with mucilage at one edge is caused to be fed to
the pocket, in the manner hereafter described, and the continued travelling of the
bando and rotation of the tobacco, causes the paper to be wrapped round the tobacco,
and completes the formation of the cigarette, so far as the rolling and wrapping is
concerned. The space between the band o when the rollers and are nearest one
another, in the operation of rolling, may be about 1 of an inch, the pocket therefore
will be nearly a closed one.
It will be seen that to form the pocket by the band o. a certain amount of slack of
such band must be provided at the right moment; this is provided by the relative
position of the roller with the position of the roller i, when moved up to form that
pocket, that is to say, when the roller i is moved up, the slack will be provided,
whilst when that roller is moved back into the position shewn in full lines in
Figure 1, that slack is taken up again as it were by such movement and the
holding of the band in position by the roller j, and the band is stretched straight
or almost straight (as shewn in full lines in Figure 1, and in dotted lines in
Figure 4) by this action, as previously stated, the formed and wrapped cigarette is
thrown out and is caused to be delivered into the catches p.
Further, to give the band o the requisite tension and provide for the necessary
amount of slack, as above stated, I make one of the rollers in connection with it
adjustable. The adjustable roller is the one designated 1, and its means of adjust-
ment consists of the slide bearings ', screwed rods, bearings aforesaid screwed
rods and mitre wheels and 15, and transverse shaft on which said mitre wheels
are mounted and at one end of which outside of the frame an actuating wheel
fixed. This gear is precisely similar to the adjusting gear of the wheel d and needs
therefore no further description, more than to say, that by raising or lowering the
roller by this gear, the tension of the band o is adjusted, and the slack provided
for the purposes above stated.
is
The
With regard to the mechanism for holding and cutting the cigarette after it is
formed into the proper length, this is shewn more clearly in Figures and 4.
catch p runs from side to side of the apparatus, and is mounted in the frame A by
the journals, and is provided at intervals, at distances apart corresponding with the
length of cigarettes required, with recesses 2 through which the knives pass in the
action of cutting the cigarette. At corresponding distances to the distances apart of
the recesses ², on the shaft g' the knives are fixed, and such knives are rotated
continuously in the direction of the arrow sbewn in Figure 4 by any suitable means
from a suitable rotating part of the apparatus; that is to say, for each cigarette
made and delivered to the catch p, the knives q would be rotated one revolution.
The shaft q on which the knives are supported is adjusted with relation to the catch
by the arms g which support said shaft q' at each end, said arms being moved about
their hinges q³ towards to further away from the catch p as required and fixed in
position.
After the cigarette has been cut, the catch p, which to receive the cigarette as it is
delivered by the band is caused to take the position shewn in full lines in Figure 4,
is canted forward into the position shewn in dotted lines in Figure 4, by which action
the cut cigarettes are free to fall therefrom and into any suitable receptacle employed
for the purpose of holding them. The rocking motion of this catch p is conveniently
effected by providing on one of its journals an arm p³, and coupling such arm to the
reciprocating arms c which support the rollers i. The movement of the catch p will
be, that when the cigarette is made and thrown out of the pocket, as herein before

page_text: described, the catch will be moved into the position shewn in full lines in Figure,
and then, when it is cut, and the rods move up towards the roller h, the catch p
will be thrown forward, as shewn in dotted lines in Figure 4.
The roller s¹
With respect to the paper feeding, gumming and cutting mechanism, reference is
particularly had to Figures 4 and 5. The feeding rollers s and s¹ which draw off the
paper from the storing roller r, are provided with a rubber surface s², and the roller s
is adjustable with respect to the roller s', so that the requisite pressure can be put
upon the paper between such rollers to feed it in the desired manner.
is the roller which is positively actuated, whilst the roller s is adjustable. The actua-
tion of the roller s¹ is effected through a spur wheel z, mounted on the end of the
shaft of such roller and which passes through the frame A of the machine; a large
toothed roller mounted loosely on the spindles ; a ratchet wheel fixed to said
toothed wheel ¹; a ratchet lever * mounted loosely on said shaft 2, and having a
pawl thereon gearing with and adapted to actuate the ratchet wheel 2³; and a
coupling bir fixed at one end to the slotted end of the lever *, and at its other
end to a disc 27 mounted on the end of the shaft 10 which is rotated as hereinafter
described. The action is, then, that as the shaft 10 is rotated the ratchet lever
and pawl and are reciprocated and the ratchet wheel 23, toothed wheel z'-and
thereby the toothed wheel receive movement, and thus the roller s is moved and
This length of paper
feeds forward the desired length of paper from off the roller r.
will of course depend upon the size of the cigarette to be wrapped, and is regulated.
accordingly, by the distance from the shaft the rod is fixed, to the slotted end of
the ratchet lever 2.
It will be seen the point of the knife t and the upper edge of the bar u are so
arranged that a shearing action of paper in the process of cutting takes place.
Directly below, but projecting beyond the point of the knife t, the nose or spout t
of the vessel which contains the gum, starch, or other mucilage--which it is desired
to apply to the paper, is disposed, the body t containing the bulk of the liquid being
disposed behind the knife t. The spout t is adapted to slide to and fro relatively to
the knife t, and is guided and held by a bar fixed to the knife; that is, a slot or
aperture is provided between the bar t³ and the knife through which the spout t¹
and the vessel 2 passes, and is free to move to and fro. The normal position of the
vessel t² and its spout t¹ with respect to the knife t, is that shewn in Figure 4; and
that position is maintained when free to move by the spring 4, which acts upon a
bracket provided on the back of the vessel 2 and presses such bracket forward, a
stop being provided to regulate adjustment. The reaction or thrust of the spring
The bracket t also rests
takes place from the bracket t' formed upon the slide v.
and slides on a projecting portion of the slide v, so that for the whole length or
width of the vessel t², it is supported in front by the bar ³, and at the back, at either
resting upon the projecting
side of the machine, it is supported by the brackets
portion of the slide r.
It will now be seen that the vessel t² although mounted and moved simultaneously
with the slide v has an independent motion on such slides for the purposes presently
explained. The slides v are moved by the arms w, which arms at one end are sup-
ported upon the rod held by the upper ends of the rocking bars 2, which bars
are mounted and rock on the pins at their lower ends. The rod connects the
two rocking bars & together at the upper ends and is moved to and fro by the two
cams 11, and two connecting bars 12, one of each is placed on either side of the
machine to obtain uniform and equal movements of the rod a¹. On the end of the
rods 12 rollers 13 are mounted on which the cams 11 act when in operation.
The action of the cams 11 forces the rods 12 inwards, and so press the arms w
(which by the shoulder w' act upon the end of the slides v) forward, so causing the
spout
t of the vessel 12 to come into contact with the paper ³, and press it against
the table or bar u. By the further pressing forward of the slides 6 by the arms w,
the knife t shears the paper, but between the time when the spout t¹ of the vessel (2
has reached the paper, and the time at which the point of the knife commenced to cut
B

page_text: the paper, the vessel will be arrested by the spout coming against the paper or
the table, and the springs will thus become compressed. By the time the complet
shearing of the paper has taken place, the pin 2 will have come into contact with the
inclined portion of the arm w, and consequently by the further movement of the
arm will have forced it downwards (the rin w being fixed under the frame a)
until the shoulder is free from contact with the end of the slide v, and the
springs provided at each side of the machine and connected to the slides v, will, as
soon as such shoulder is free from the end of the slide v, quickly pull them back,
(they having been put in tension by the forward motion of such slides), and the
knife t will be withdrawn, and the vessel will assume the position shewn in the
figure, that is, Figure 4. The backward limit of motion of the slides a is effected by
the stops, and the return action of the arms 4 is effected by springs suitably
provided. The arms w are normally pressed upwards by springs c*.
To cause the required amount (which is a very small one) of mucilage, gum, or
other sticking substance to be delivered from the spout of the vessel t, a slight
pressure is used to effect the supply. The pressure is exerted on the liquid by the
arm fixed to the bar t, which comes into contact with the bottom of the vessel t
as the knife t is being pushed forward, and the vessel 2 has become arrested by the
said spout coming into contact with the paper 3. The vessel t2 being a closed one
as far as the escape of air is concerned, the pressure exerted upon the bottom of the
vessel, creates a pressure within such vessel, and causes a slight discharge of liquid
to take place from the spout. The vessel -or the part pressed upon, is made of
sheet metal having a certain elasticity to allow of the action just described taking
place, and suitable non-return valves of any known kind are provided so as to admit
air and prevent its escape therefrom.
To hold the paper directly it is cut I provide a holder 15 such as of the kind and
shape shewn in Figure 4, this holder it will be seen is of cam form, and made of
abber running from side to side of the machine. Its action is, that, as soon as the
paper is cut, by its rotation it moves it down along the face of the vertical table u,
and directs its motion down into the pocket of the band o, wherein a rolled cylinder
of tobacco is ready to be wrapped. The cam 1 is so made that it does not touch the
portion of the paper to which the gum has been supplied. The cam 15 is mounted
on the shaft 16 supported in the frame A, and rotated at the desired speed from any
suitable moving part of the machine.
To guide the paper in a desired manner over the surface of the vertical table u,
I provide above such table a bar u² and a wire or rod between which bar and
wire the paper passes.
In Figure 7 I show a modified means of delivering the tobacco, after it is cut by
the knife, from the table e to the pocket formed between the rollers h and i, and also
a means of pressing the tobacco into such pocket before the pocket closes.
The tobacco feeding device consists of a tray 17 mounted on trunnions 18 in the
frame A, such trunnions being adapted to he moved, and the tray rocked up and down,
by a lever 19 fixed on one of the trunnions 18, and having a pin 20 in the end
thereof, and a projecting arm 21 formed on or part of the knife actuating side barƒ³,
and having a slotted end into which slot the pin 20 takes and moves.
The action of this device is, that when the knife is in the position shewn in the
figure, the tray is down in the position shewn in full lines, and the tobacco is dis-
charged therefrom into the pocket by the band o. When however the knife and side
rods descend, the arm 21 presses down the lever 19, thereby working the
trunnion 18 and raising the tray into the position shewn in dotted lines. In this
position, then, the tobacco cut off in the cutting action of the knife, is caught by
the tray; and then, upon the descent of the knife, is discharged into the pocket.
The device for pressing the tobacco so as to make it comparatively uniform in the
pocket formed by the band o, before such pocket closes, consists of a bar 22 running
across the machine, and supported at each side by an arm 23, such arm being
mounted in the frame at each side by spindles 24. These spindles are adapted to be

page_text: worked so as to bring the bar 22 into the position shewn in full lines in the figure in
the action of pressing the tobacco into the pocket; and then subsequently to raise it
into the position shewn in dotted lines in the figure. Of course it will be seen that this
pressing action follows immediately after the delivery of the tobacco into the pocket
by the falling of the tray 17, and its motion may be effected in an equivalent manner
to the operation of the tray 17 from the side rods, or in any other suitable way
from a convenient moving part of the machine, as will be readily understood.
The shalt 10 by which the cutter and the gummer 2 are operated is driven
from the shaft m through the toothed gearing consisting of the seven toothed
wheels 25.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
I wish it to be understood that the various features of this invention are not confined
to the particular forms and constructions set forth with reference to the figures of the
drawings, as these may be modified in various ways without departing from the
general nature of such features; also such features may be employed, one or more of
them, in apparatus for making cigarettes which in other features differ radically from
that which I have shewn ; but what I do claim in respect of the herein described
invention is-
1. In a cigarette making machine, an endless band (such as o) in combination with
a series of rollers and adapted to form a pocket therein substantially as described
whereby the tobacco is rolled and the cigarette covered.
2. In a cigarette making machine, having an endless band such as o for rolling the
tobacco into form, the combination with such band of a roller adapted to approach
another roller whereby slack in the band o is provided and a pocket formed in which
to roll the tobacco; substantially as described.
3. In a cigarette making machine, the combination of a travelling endless band
such as o, a fixed roller such as h, and a moveable roller such as i, and a means for
drawing down such band and forming it into a pocket of certain size; substantially
as described.
4. In a cigarette making machine, the combination of a plurality of rollers, an
endless band such as o operating in conjunction therewith, and an adjustable roller
by which the tension of said band is effected and slack for the formation of a pocket
therein provided; substantially as set forth.
5. The herein described method of producing cigarettes of variable and required
tightness, consisting in feeding tobacco in regulated quantities to a rolling pocket
formed by an endless band such as o and gauged formers such as 1 of predetermined
size, whereby the size of said pocket is controlled and the degree of tightness of the
rolling of the regulated quantity of tobacco so supplied, is governed; substantially as
and for the purposes described.
6. In a cigarette making machine, the combination of a travelling band such as o
of gauged formers such as 1 for drawing said band into a loop for the purposes
specified, said formers 1 having a normal tendency to pull said "band and form it
into a loop said tendency being effected by a spring or weight; for the purposes set
forth.
7. The combination in a cigarette making machine of fixed rollers such as j, k, m, g
and h, a movable roller such as i, adjusting roller such as 4, and loop forming device
such as 1; operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
8. In a cigarette making machine, the combination of an endless band rolling and
wrapping mechanism for catching and holding aid cigarettes after they are made,
and knives for cutting such cigarette held by said catch substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
9. The mode substantially as herein described of feeding and cutting strips of
paper to cigarette rolling apparatus and providing such strips of paper with a
gummed edge.
10. The herein described improvements in the manufacture of cigarettes, consisting

page_text: in storing tobacco in a hopper and feeding it therefrom in regulated quantities, and
then feeding it forward upon an endless band to a knife, then cutting it into strips or
portions of tobacco and rolling such tobacco in an endless band within a pocket, and
then providing to such pocket a gummed strip of paper wrapping such paper round
the tobacco and then discharging the cigarette so male into a catch and cutting it
into lengths therein; substantially as set forth.
11. In mechanism for feeding paper or other material to cigarette machines,
applying to such paper the required gum or mucilage, and cutting such paper into
strips, substantially as set forth.
12. The combination in a paper feeding device for cigarette making machines
of a knife such as t, mucilage or gum container such as 2, and a table or plate such
as u, and a paper forwarding device such as 15, adapted to operate substantially as
described.
13. In a paper feeding mechanism for cigarette machines, the herein described
mode of operating the cutter thereof which consists in pressing the knife forward in
a comparatively gradual movement, and then withdrawing said knife quickly,
substantially as described.
14. In a paper feeding mechanism for cigarette making machines, the combination
of the knife t, mucilage or gum container 2, and table u operating substantially in the
manner described.
15. The combination in a paper feeding mechanism of a cigarette making machine,
of a knife t, mucilage container t2, slides 7, and actuating arms w, substantially as set
forth with reference to the drawings.
16. In a paper feeding mechanism of a cigarette making machine, the combination
of a forwarding or wiper device such as 15, table such as u arranged and operating
substantially as described.
17. The combination in a cigarette making machine of the paper feeding mechanism
and the tobacco rolling and wrapping mechanism, arranged and adapted to operate
substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings.
18. In a cigarette making machine the use in combination with an endless band
such as o for rolling and forming the tobacco, of changeable gauge formers such
as 1, mounted and working as described, whereby cigarettes of different sizes may be
produced.
19. The combination in a cigarette making machine of means such as the tray 17
for catching the tobacco as it is cut, and the endless band o; arranged and adapted to
operate substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 7.
20. In a cigarette making mac ine in which an endless band such as o is employed,
. and a pocket is formed therein for the purpose of rolling tobacco, a tobacco pressing
mechanism such as 22 or its equivalent; for the purposes set forth.
21. In a cigarette making machine the combination of a knife, a tray, a rolling
endless band such as o, and presser, substantially as set forth and operating as described
with reference to Figure 7.
22. In a cigarette making machine the combination of rollers ss for feeding
paper thereto said rollers being constructed and adapted to operate substantially
as set forth.
23. In a cigarette making machine, mechanism for feeding tobacco thereto
comprising a hopper, feeding rollers and smoother or comb operating substantially as
in the manner set forth with reference to Figure 6.
24. In a cigarette making machine, the mechanism set forth with reference to
Figure 6 for feeding tobacco thereto, consisting of the hopper, feeding rollers a a³,
band a, roller as, smoother or comb a³, and scraper a¹³.
25. In a cigarette making machine for making cigarettes, the herein described
mode of regulating the tightness of the cigarettes produced thereby, consisting in the
use of an endless band such as o provided with means for regulating the tension
thereof together with gauge formers 1, whereby the tightness of the tobacco rolled
by such band and within the pocket formed therein is controlled.

page_text: 26. The particular construction and arrangement of the various mechanisms_for
feeding tobacco and cutting it, rolling and wrapping it, cutting said cigarettes when
produced, and feeding and gumming the paper supplied, as set forth with reference
to the various drawings hereto annexed.
Dated this 21st day of Auc 1800
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.