Improvements in Apparatus for use in the Manufacture of Cement, and Improvements connected with the said Manufacture.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 9th June, 1890
Complete "pecification Left, 9th Mar., 1891-Accepted, 11th Apr., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for use in the Manufacture of Cement,
and Improvements connected with the said Manufacture.
I, DAVID WILSON, of Melrose Villa, Clewer, in the County of Berks, Manager
of Cement Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of cement by exposing dried and
pulverised slurry or other suitable material to the action of flame produced
by ignition of a mixture of coal gas and atmospheric air or otherwise produced.
The process of thus manufacturing cement and the apparatus by means of which
the said process has heretofore been conducted are the same as those which are in
some cases used in the roasting of cres and in the manufacture alkalies the said
apparatus consisting essentially of a revolving cylinder lined with refractory
material through which cylinder the flame and the matters to be exposed thereto
are caused to pass.
In the use of the said apparatus for the manufacture of cement much inconvenience
has been caused by displacement of the blocks of refractory material constituting
the lining of the cylinders which displacement is caused by the high degree of
heat to which the slurry must be exposed in order to convert it into cement which
heat is much greater than that required for the other purposes hereinbefore
referred to for which the said apparatus was originally designed and used.
My said invention consists in part of the method hereinafter described of
securing the said blocks of refractory material in place in the cylinders the object
being to avoid the said inconvenience.
According to this part of my said invention I secure a rib or ribs of the form of
a ring or rings or portions of a ring or rings or of other form within the cylinder
and I form in the blocks of refractory material or some of them recesses of a shape
corresponding to or the counterpart of that of the said ribs and I secure the said
blocks within the cylinder by engaging the said recesses with the said ribs.
Instead of ribs studs may be secured within the cylinder or projections may be
otherwise produced within the cylinder the recesses in the blocks being in such
cases of forms suitable for engagement with the said studs or projections.
My said invention consists further in providing for the withdrawal or removal
and cooling of the burnt cement as hereinafter described and in utilizing the heat
of the burnt cement for heating air or for heating water or for both these
purposes.
In order to provide for withdrawal or removal of the burnt cement I form a flue
or flues in connection with the pit or chamber into which the cement passes on
issuing from the cylinder and I arrange scrapers or other suitable appliances in the
said flue or flues and I provide for the actuation of the said scrapers or appliances
so that the burnt cement is by them carried along the said flue and discharged
therefrom.
In order to provide for the cooling of the cement and for the utilization of the
heat thereof for the heating of air or water I arrange conduits for the passage of
the air or water to be heated in or in proximity to the chamber into which the

page_text: burnt cement passes from the cylinder or the flue or flues through which the burnt
cement is caused to pass or 1 otherwise arrange for absorption by the air or water
to be heated of the heat evolved from the burnt cement.
The air heated as hereinbefore described may be caused to pass to the furnaces
or to other parts of the apparatus or be utilized in other apparatus and for any
desired purpose and the water heated as hereinbefore described may be utilized
for the feeding of steam boilers or for other purposes and the steam produced
by the heating of the water as hereinbefore described may be utilized for any
desired purpose either in connection with the cement burning apparatus or
otherwise.
Dated th th 1
1000
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for use in the Manufacture of Cement,
and Improvements connected with the said Manufacture.
I, DAVID WILSON, of Melrose Villa, Clewer, in the County of Berks, Manager
of Cement Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of cement by exposing dried and
pulverized slurry or other suitable material to the action of flame produced by
ignition of a mixture of coal gas and atmospheric air or otherwise produced.
The process of thus manufacturing cement and the apparatus by means of which
the said process has heretofore been conducted are the same as those which are in
some cases used in the roasting of ores and in the manufacture of alkalies the said
apparatus consisting essentially of a revolving cylinder lined with refractory
material through which cylinder the flame and the matters to be exposed thereto
are caused to pass.
In the use of the said apparatus for the manufacture of cement much inconve-
nience has been caused by displacement of the blocks of refractory material
constituting the lining of the cylinders which displacement is caused by the high
degree of heat to which the slurry must be exposed in order to convert it into
cement which heat is much greater than that required for the other purposes
herein before referred to for which the said apparatus was originally designed
and used.
My said invention consists in part of the method hereinafter described of
securing the said blocks of refractory material in place in the cylinders the object
being to avoid the said inconvenience.
According to this part of my said invention I secure a rib or ribs of the form of
a ring or rings or portions of a ring or rings or of other form within the cylinder
and form in the blocks of refractory material or some of them recesses of a shape
corresponding to er the counterpart of that of the said ribs and I secure the said
blocks within the cylinder by engaging the said recesses with the said ribs.
Instead of ribs studs may be secured within the cylinder or projections may be
otherwise produced within the cylinder the recesses in the blocks being in such
cases of forms suitable for engagement with the said studs or projections.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a transverse section and
Figure 2 a longitudinal section of a portion of a cylinder to the inner side of
which ribs of the form of portions of rings are secured for the purpose of retaining
in place the blocks of refractory material constituting the lining.
Referring to the said figures a is the cylinder and are. the said ribs
which may be secured to the cylinder by means of bolts or rivets... Figures 3
and 4 of the accompanying drawings represent respectively a transverse section and

page_text: 5
a longitudinal section of a portion of a cylinder provided with the said ribs and
One
having the lining blocks arranged therein the said blocks being marked c c.
of the said lining blocks is shown separately in Figures 5 and 6 which figures are
elevations of the block taken at right angles to each other. In the said Figures
and 6 the recesses formed in the blocks to admit of their engagement with the
ribs bare marked d e. 1 form a continuous flange around the discharge
end of the cylinder as usual but I prefer to make the said flange of considerably less
depth than the lining blocks in order to avoid the rapid destruction of the flange
by the hot cement which I have found ensue where the flange is as usual of the
same depth as or deeper than the lining blocks.
Although in the accompanying drawings I have illustrated only an arrangement
of ribs within the cylinder for keeping the lining blocks in place I would observe
that this part of my invention may be carried into effect by securing studs in the
cylinder so that portions of the said studs project from the inner face of the said
cylinder or by otherwise producing projections within the cylinder and causing the
lining blocks or some of them to engage with the said projections in such a manner
that the said blocks are thereby prevented from shifting towards the discharge end
of the cylinder when it is placed at an angle as usual and caused to rotate.
My said invention consists further in providing for the withdrawal or removal
and cooling of the burnt cement as hereinafter described and in utilizing the
heat of the burnt cement for heating air or for heating water or for both these
purposes.
In order to provide for withdrawal or removal of the burnt cement I form a flue
or flues in connection with the pit or chamber into which the cement passes on
issuing from the cylinder and I arrange scrapers or other suitable appliances in the
said flue or flues and I provide for the actuation of the said scrapers or appliances
so that the burnt cement is by them carried along the said flue and discharged
therefrom.
In order to provide for the cooling of the cement and for the utilization of the
heat thereof for the heating of air or water I arrange conduits for the passage of
the air or water to be heated in proximity to the chamber into which the burnt
cement passes from the cylinder or the flue or flues through which the burnt cement
is caused to pass.
Arrangements for effecting the withdrawal and removal of the burnt cement and
the cooling of the cement and the utilization of the heat thereof according to my
invention are illustrated in Figures 7, 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
Figure 7 is a section of a portion of cement burning apparatus taken across the
passages by which gas is conveyed to the cylinders the discharge ends of two
cylinders being shown in the said Figure 7. Figure 8 is a section taken on the
line A. Figure 7 and Figure 9 is a section taken on the line B Figure 7 and drawn
to a larger scale than Figures 7 and 8.
Referring to the said figures ff are the cylinders gg are the gas passages and
is the flue into which the burnt cement passes on issuing from the cylinders L
The said flue is formed of brickwork and covered at those parts which are not
within the gas passages g g by means of slabs of suitable material. ii are the
scrapers by which the burnt cement is carried along the said flue and jis a pit
into which the burnt cement is discharged from the said flue. The manner in which
the said scrapers are mounted and arranged is best shown in Figure 9 on which
figure all the parts carrying the said scrapers are marked with letters of reference.
Referring to the said Figure 9 kk are endless chains engaged with sprocket
wheels mounted on shafts m m to which rotatory motion is communicated by any
convenient means. At the ends of the said scrapers ii rollers or wheels n n are
mounted which travel on flanged plates o o p p the plates oo being supported by
bearers secured in the brickwork of the flue one of which bearers is shown at
in Figure 9 and the plates p p being secured on the bottom of the said flue.
(see Figures 7 and 8) are shoots by which the burnt cement passing from the
cylinders is directed into the path of the scrapers i i. ss are doors closing
""""

page_text: openings in the wall of the flue by means of which doors and openings cool air
may be admitted to the said flue when desired. are pipes constituting the
conduits for water to be heated by the burnt cement which pipes are arranged in a
flue formed beneath the flue and separated therefrom by tiles or slabs w over
which the scrapers travel. The said pipes t t communicate at one end with a
tank containing the water to be heated and at the other end with the receptacle
or apparatus into which the heated water is required to pass which said receptacle
or apparatus is not shown in the drawings. The direction in which the scrapers i i
travel is indicated by the arrow in Figure 7.
Any ordinary arrangement of scrapers carried by endless chains may be sub-
stituted for the arrangement of chains and scrapers hereinbefore described.
The air heated as herein before described may be caused to pass through the
furnaces or to other parts of the apparatus or be utilized in other apparatus and
for any desired purpose and the water heated as herein before described may be
utilized for the feeding of steam boilers or for other purposes and the steam
produced by the heating of the water as hereinbefore described may be utilized for
any desired purpose either in connection with the cement burning apparatus or
otherwise.
I am aware of the Specifications of Patents 9694 of 1887 and 9986 of 1888 and
13556 of 1888 and I make no claim to anything claimed therein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I
claim:-
First The means herein before described for preventing displacement of the
blocks of refractory material with which cylinders used in the burning of cement are
lined that is to say the engagement of the said blocks or some of them with pro-
jections within the cylinders.
Secondly The arrangements herein before described with reference to
Figures 7, 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings for effecting the withdrawal or
removal of burnt cement issuing from cylinders in which the burning is effected.
Thirdly Cooling cement burnt in cylinders and utilizing the heat evolved
· thereby substantially as hereinbefore described that is to say cooling the said
cement and utilizing the heat therefrom by causing air or water to pass through
conduits arranged contiguously to the parts of the apparatus containing the hot
cement.
Dated the 9th day of March 1891
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.