Improvements in Apparatus for Filtering Beer and other Liquids.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 1st Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 10th Feb., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Filtering Beer and other Liquids.
I, JOHANN KLEIN, of the firm of Klein, Schanzlin & Becker, Engineers of
Frankenthal, Germany do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
My invention has for its object to construct a filter which consists of a single vessel
and a single cover, and in which the contents may be easily fixed or removed. Also
to provide that the gases arising from the filtrate may ascend easily, and that the
filtering material may be easily handled and compressed, to any desired degree.
.
For this purpose I take a cylindrical vessel, smooth on the inside and provided with
a cover. The liquid to be filtered enters at the bottom and escapes at the top. At
the bottom of the vessel there is a sieve which carries a layer of filtering material.
On this filtering material I place a second sieve, and on the latter another sieve which
is provided with feet, so as to form a hollow space. On this sieve I again place a
layer of filtering material and on this layer another sieve. These different layers and
sieves form together an independent filter or element. For fixing the sieves and the
filtering material, I place between adjoining elements, or filters, a specially constructed
intermediate appliance: namely, a perforated grate which slides easily into the vesse!
and can be fixed to the cylinder walls at the required height by means of bolts or
screws projecting into radial recesses of the cylinder walls. Before fixing this grate
it is pressed down so as to compress the filtering material. The interstices of the
grate are large enough to allow a man to pass his hand down as far as the last sieve,
and to feel how much the filtering mass is compressed; so that the quantity may be.
added to, or diminished, as found necessary. Upon this grating I place another
sieve, and on the latter a layer of filtering material; and so on, to form the second
filter.
In the lowest filter the filtrate presses from the bottom to the top, in the second
filter from the top to the bottom, in the third from the bottom to the top; and so on,
alternately. By another arrangement the filtrate may be made to pass in the lowest
filter from the top to the bottom: in the second from the bottom to the top; and so
on, alternately.

page_text: In the middle part of the apparatus, the interstices of the grate may serve to
distribute the filtrate towards the bottom and towards the top. Consequently a smaller
number of such chambers is required than usually, and also fewer pipe joints for
admitting and discharging the filtrate. When filling a filter having several layers of
filtering material and intermediate air spaces, it is necessary to provide for the escape
of air. This is effected by allowing the air to rise through an open tube to the top of
the apparatus and then to escape through a small cock.
the
If after filtration the liquid contained in the intermediate spaces is to be drawn off,
upper ones of the said spaces must be connected with the lowest space, which may
be effected by the same tube which serves for the escape of air.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical section and Fig. 2 a horizontal
section of a filter embodying my invention. Fig. 3 is a horizontal of the ventilating
tube on a larger scale. A, A, are the layers of filtering material, B, B, are the inter-
mediate spaces; is a small upright pipe having at the inner side perforations c, c,
situated at the level of the intermediate spaces B, B. This tube contains a shaft d,
which may have a longitudinal groove, or which may be hollow and have lateral
perforations corresponding to those of the tube b. If the shaft d is turned until its
groove or perforations are in line with the perforations c, c, the spaces B, B, communicate
with each other, so that the air may rise up from the spaces B, or that the filtrate may
flow out from the same.
1
CM 1 1007
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Filtering Beer and other Liquids.
I, JOHANN KLEIN, of the firm of Klein, Schanzlin and Becker, Engineers, of
Frankenthal, Germany, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement
The object of the present invention is to construct a filter the outside of which
consists of a single vessel and a single cover, and in which the contents may be easily
fixed and removed; also to provide that the gases arising from the filtrate may ascend
easily, and that the active material may be easily introduced and handled and compressed
to any desired degree.
For this purpose the filtering receptacle is formed by a cylindrical vessel, smooth
on the inside and firmly closed by a lid. The liquid to be filtered enters at the bottom
and escapes at the top. On the bottom of the vessel rests a sieve on which is spread
a layer of filtering material. On this filtering material is placed a second sieve, and
on the latter a third sieve which is provided with feet, so as to form a hollow space-
This sieve carries also a layer of filtering material and the latter another sieve. These
successive layers and sieves form together an independent filter-For fixing the said
sieves and the filtering mass, a special connecting link or partition is employed,
namely a perforated grate the circumference of which slides easily in the filter and
can be fitted to the cylinder walls by means of bolts or screws projecting into radial
recesses of the cylinder walls-Before fixing, the grate is pressed down so as to render
the filtering material a little more compact. The interstices of the grate are large
enough for allowing a man to pass his hand down as far as the last sieve and to feel
how much the filtering mass is compressed, so that the quantity may be increased or
diminished, if necessary.
Upon this grating is placed another sieve, and on the latter a layer of filtering
material etc. to form the second filter.
In the lowest filter the filtrate passes from the bottom to the top, in the second filter
from the top to the bottom, in the third from the bottom to the top, and so on
alternately.
By another arrangement, the filtrate may be caused to proceed in the lowest filter
from the top to the bottom, in the second from the bottom to the top, in the third from
the top to the bottom, and in the fourth from the bottom to the top.
In the middle part of the apparatus the interstices of the grate serve to distribute
the filtrate towards the bottom and towards the top. Consequently, a smaller number
of such compartments is required than usually; and also fewer pipe joints for admitting
and discharging the filtrate.
When filling a filter having several layers of filtering material and intermediate air
spaces, it is necessary to provide for the escape of air. This is effected by allowing
the air to rise through an open tube to the top of the apparatus and then to escape
through a small cock.

page_text: If after filtration the liquid contained in the intermediate spaces is to be drawn off,
the upper ones of the said spaces must be connected with the lowest space, which may
be effected by the same tube which serves for the escape of air.
In the drawings, filed with the provisional specification, Fig. 1, is a vertical, and
Fig. 2, a horizontal section of a filter embodying my invention. Fig. 3, is a horizontal
section of the ventilating tube on a larger scale. A, A, are the layers of filtering
material, B, B, are the intermediate spaces; is a small upright pipe having at the
inner side perforations c, c, situated at the level of the intermediate spaces B, B. This
tube contains a shaft d, which may have a longitudinal groove, or which may be
hollow and have lateral perforations corresponding to those of the tube b. If the
shaft d is turned until its groove or perforations are in line with the perforations c, c,
the spaces B, B, communicate with each other, so that the air may rise up from the
spaces B, or that the filtrate may flow out from the same.
The flow of the liquid is indicated in Fig. 1, by arrows. The perforated grate and
the means for fixing the same are shown in detail by the annexed sheet of drawings
(Sheet II), Fig. 4 being a horizontal section of the apparatus through one of the
perforated grates, Fig. 5, a side view of a grate and section of adjoining sieves,
Fig. 6 a section of the bottom sieve showing the feet. Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of
one of the bolts for fixing the grate, showing also the adjoining parts of the grate,
sieves and cylindrical vessel.
E is the grate having the shape of a perforated ring, with a pair of cross ribs, e are
the bolts for fixing the grate. F, F, are the sieves, f the feet for the bottom sieve,
V is the cylindrical vessel, provided with radial socket pieces v, one for each bolt.
P is the inlet pipe for the unfiltered, and P¹ the outlet pipe for the filtered liquid.
O are the wheels for transporting the entire apparatus. Qis the cover, q and q are
screw spindles and handwheels for securing the cover.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare, that what I claim is:
1. A filtering apparatus having several filtering layers, placed one over the other
without any fixed partition between them, and contained in a smooth cylinder which
is closed by a single cover, substantially as described.
2. A filtering apparatus having perforated grates interposed between different
filtering layers and adapted to receive and discharge the filtrate in different directions,
also the method of securing the said grates to the wall of the cylinder, substantially as
described.
3. The means for compressing the filtering mass independently of the joints or pipe
connections.
4. The combination, with a filter having several filtering layers separated from each
other by air spaces, of a pipe connecting the said air spaces or interstices, and a shaft
situated in the said pipe and adapted to establish or interrupt communication between
different interstices, in the manner substantially as described.
5. A multiple filter, constructed and adapted to operate substantially as described.
Dated this 1st day of December 1887.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London,
Agents for the Applicant.