matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED NON-CONDUCTING COMPOSITION OR MASTIC FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION OF HEAT FROM BOILERS AND OTHER SIMILAR APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Craps and Joseph Derihon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 11th February 1874.-A communication from L. J. Reintjens,
of Naestricht (Hollande).
We, JEAN CRAPS, of 70, Bayham St., Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, and JOSEPH DERIHON, of Liege, Belgium, also
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED NON-CONDUCTING COMPOSITION OR MASTIC FOR PREVENTING
THE RADIATION OF HEAT FROM BOILERS AND OTHER SIMILAR APPARATUS," a com-
munication to us from the late L. J. Reintjens, of Naestricht,
(Hollande), to be as follows:-
For a long time persons employed in the arts have endeavoured to
find means to avoid the waste resulting from the loss of heat from steam
and other apparatus, and the object of this Invention is to effect this
saving.
The Invention consists in coating or covering heat containing
apparatus, such as steam boilers, locomotives, fixed engines, cylinders,
pipes, and connections, and all other kind of machinery with a non-

page_text: of the following materials:-
1°. Clay.
2º. Water.
3°. Pounded charcoals.
4°. The hair of animals.
5°. Sea drift or seaweeds.
6°. Furnace waste.
7°. Sawdust.
8°. Rye flour.
9°. The waste of cotton oil.
10°. Powdered plaster.
The advantages of this Invention are the following :-
1st. An economy of from 15 to 30 per cent. of fuel.
2. The prevention of the radiation of the heat.
3d. The prevention of the oxidation of the metals.
4th. A considerable diminution in the elevated temperature of the
workshops and places wherein steam machinery is contained.
5th. The non-conducting mastic forms the best protection against con-
gelation at times when the machinery is at rest.
The above given materials being incorruptibles and incombustibles, the
composition will last an indefinitely long time.
It is prefered to use two kinds of non-conducting mastic. The one
marked A is fine, the other marked B is coarse; but they are both
composed of the same materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY KNOWN AS THE SHAKE WILLEY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilson Knowles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
May 1874.
I, WILSON KNOWLES, of Heckmondwike, in the County of York,
Willey Rag Machine and Raizing Gig Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY KNOWN AS
THE SHAKE WILLEY," to be as follows: :-
This Invention relates to the well known machinery used to shake
flocks, wool waste, rags, or fibrous substances for the purpose of
loosening the same and removing the dirt or dust therefrom, and the
object of this my said Invention is to prevent accidents to the attendants
when discharging or removing the fibrous substances or other materials
from such machinery after operation, thereby also to facilitate the
operation and to improve the process or result thereof.
Heretofore a portion of the casing or cover to the spiked cylinder used
has had to be partially removed, in order that the attendant might put
his hands and arms into the machine to take out the flocks, rags, or

page_text: other substances after being operated upon, the said spiked cylinder
meanwhile being in motion, when the attendant is liable to be caught
thereby and so sustain serious injury.
My improvement consists in providing a door hinged in the under
part of the casing or cover and fastened in such manner as to be readily
opened to let the substances drop out of the machine, and thereby avoid
the necessity of the attendant having to introduce his arms into the
machine for the purpose, the said door being also readily closed for
further operations, a saving of time is effected, and by the use of this
improvement the substances are better cleansed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th 'September
.1874.
I, HENRY BRAX, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Com-
Fmercial Traveller, do hereby declare. the nature of-the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements upon former Letters
Patent granted to me on the Twenty-seventh of October 1873, No. 8490,
for the manufacture of gas from sewage, or sewerage, or any decomposed
animal, vegetable, or foecal matter.
In treating the matter from waterclosets, the excreta and urine with
the water used may be reduced to the liquid state, as before.
When decomposed animal, vegetable, or foecal matter are used they
must also be reduced to liquid with urine, sewage, or stagnant water.
In using the materials in the solid state the retorts are charged in the
same manner as in the case of coal; 15 per cent. of hydrocarbon is then

page_text: injected, and the gas is purified in the same way as that produced from
liquids.
In performing my Invention I employ one or more retorts made of
cast iron, wrought iron, copper, brass, fire-clay, or any other material
that will stand the heat and pressure.
In my present improvements the reservoir or tank containing the
liquid ready for use is connected by a syphon pipe to the first retort.
Below the syphon and previous to entering the retort I connect another
pipe from a separate tank containing hydrocarbon, of which hydrocarbon
I allow about 15 per cent. to mingle with the sewage. The retort or
retorts must be got up to a red heat before the injection commences, and
must be kept in that state during the injection. The gas so generated
can be passed through the remainder of the retorts, thence through an
ordinary condenser on to the water purifier where the pipe should dip.
Screwed to the mouth of the dip I use a perforated cap, and after
passing the gas through an ordinary lime purifier I store it in
gasometers.
I do not confine myself to mingling the hydrocarbon with the sewage
previous to injecting it into the retorts, as a separate pipe to any of the
retorts will answer the same purpose.
The retorts may be filled with fragments of iron, fire-clay, or broken
bricks, in order to detain the gas for thorough condensation.
By these improvements my Invention is simplified, and can be worked
11
E
AN NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILISING THE FOUL LIME OF GAS WORKS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Granville Hamilton Forbes, Rector of Broughton,
in the County of Northampton, Clerk in Holy Orders, for the
Invention of "AN NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILISING THE FOUL
LIME OF GAS WORKS."
:
.
Sealed the 29th May 1874, and dated the 6th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Granville Hamilton
.
-
Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th April 1874.
I, GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, Rector of Broughton, in 'the'
County of Northampton, Clerk in Holy Orders, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILISING
THE FOUL LIME OF GAS WORKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon the Invention for which
Letters Patent No. 232, dated January 17, A.D. 1874, were granted

page_text: According to one part of the said former Invention I burn the foul
lime of gas works or its equivalent (or the foul lime mixed with chalk),
and make use of the material derived from the combustion of the same
for the purpose of purifying the gas with or without the addition of
quicklime.
5
According to my present Invention I subject the foul lime of gas
works in the first instance to the process of dry distillation in a retort or
other similar receptacle. When desirable I pass the volatile products of
distillation through oxide of iron or its equivalent for the purpose of
catching the sulphur 'or sulphur compounds. When the process of 1
distillation has been carried sufficiently far I admit the external air into
the retort or other receptacle in which the process has been carried on,
to burn the remaining carbonate of lime; or I remove the contents of
the retort or other receptacle and the material into a kiln or furnace, or
I otherwise drive off the carbonic acid by heat. I thus obtain lime 1
suitable for purifying the gas. The lime after being used in the purifier
can be reproduced by the above process again and again.
Instead of burning the solid product of the distillation, as above
described, I may adopt the following method:-After removing it from
the retort or other receptacle I may combine it with coke, or breeze, or a
the equivalant of the same, or with peat, or wood, or other vegetable
substance, with or without common salt or a mixture of common salt
and saltpetre, or its equivalent, with or without tar or similar bituminous
substance for the purpose of making an artificial fuel. After the com-
bustion of this fuel the residue may be used in the purification of 1
gas.
The proportion of common salt used will vary considerably. I may
sometimes use a saturated solution of it, sometimes a weaker solution.
When I use a mixture of common salt and saltpetre the proportions
will also vary in the same degree, but I do not at any time use more
than ten (10) per cent. of saltpetre in the mixture of two salts.
When the tar or similar bituminous substance is employed I use any,
proportion of it not exceeding one-third of the weight of the whole:
compound.
t
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hackin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
March 1874.
*I, HENRY HACKIN, of Lower Rockliffe, Bacup, in the County of
Lancaster; do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:
=
=
This Invention has for its object the rapid cooling of liquids of various
kinds, as for example, the water used for effecting the condensation of
steam in the condensers of steam engines, and otlier liquids requiring to
be cooled, for which purpose the liquid to be cooled is caused to pass or
descend from a number of suitable orifices in a shower or series of fine
streams into a cooling space or chamber or chambers, wherein it is met
by a blast or current or currents of air forced or induced to pass through
the said cooling space or chamber or chambers in such manner as by
coming into contact with the said streams of liquid to scatter or sub-
divide the liquid into minute particles or spray, and thereby to effectually
cool it.

page_text: my
I will now describe an arrangement by means of which Invention
may be successfully carried into practical operation in an apparatus
where two cooling chambers are used. The hot liquid enters a hopper
or feeding vessel which has a double perforated bottom composed of two
plates or bottoms, the lower one of which is corrugated, and through
this double perforated bottom the liquid falls in a shower into the upper
of the two cooling chambers, wherein it is met by a blast of cold air
forced in by a fan which works within a casing provided with two
passages, tubes, or conduits, one to each of the two cooling chambers.
The upper cooling chamber is provided with a double perforated bottom
similar to that above described. The partially cooled liquid is caused to
pass through this double perforated bottom, and to enter in a shower the
second cooling chamber, wherein it is again acted upon by a blast of air
in a similar manner to that already explained with reference to the upper
cooling chamber. The cooled liquid leaves the second cooling chamber
by a suitable outlet or outlets provided for the purpose. Each cooling
chamber is provided with a suitable outlet or outlets for the escape of
the air blast, which being partially charged with steam or moisture may
be conducted by a chimney or otherwise into the open air. The liquid
after being acted upon in the apparatus above described may if not
sufficiently cooled for the purpose for which it is intended be caused
to pass through and treated in a second apparatus arranged below the
first and provided with an independent fan or blowing apparatus.
The apparatus above described may be made with more than two
cooling chambers in connexion with its fan, and as is obvious the con-
struction of apparatus may be otherwise modified to suit circumstances,
without departing from the distinctive character of my Invention as
herein set forth.
..J
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING SESQUI-CARBONATE OF AMMONIA
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gavin Chapman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January
1874.
I, GAVIN CHAPMAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING SESQUI-CARBONATE OF AMMONIA,”
to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object the making of sesqui-carbonate of
ammonia in a simpler and more economical manner than heretofore, and
it has the advantage of utilising for that purpose ammoniacal liquors,
such as urine, gas liquor, and the like, which it is desirable to get rid of
in a satisfactory manner.
In carrying out the Invention the ammoniacal liquor is put into a
boiler or still and vaporised. The vapor is led into a horizontal pipe or
passage having a number of branch communications with cylinders or
vessels which may be of tinned sheet iron or other suitable material.
Each cylinder has an outlet for air at its top, but this is closed
as soon as the operation is properly proceeding. At first the vapor

page_text: consists principally of carbonic acid which occupies each cylinder and
subsequently ammonia proceeding from the boiler combines with such
carbonic acid and deposits on the sides of the cylinder as sesqui-carbonate.
As the operation proceeds the carbonic acid becomes deficient as com-
pared with the ammonia, and this is known by the cylinders beginning
to feel hotter than they should be; a proportion of the liquor in the
boiler is then run off and fresh liquor added in its place. The liquor
thus run off is put into a still along with some lime, and ammonia is
distilled from it and is carbonated by being brought into contact with
carbonic acid in any convenient way. For example, the ammonia
which is aqueous, may be run down a tower filled with inert materials
so as to present a large surface, while the products of combustion from
any convenient fuel, and consisting principally of carbonic acid gas are
passed up the tower. The carbonate of ammonia thus obtained is put
into the boiler along with the raw ammoniacal liquor and contributes
towards the formation of the sesqui-carbonate therefrom.
The sesqui-carbonate of ammonia obtained in the described manner
IMPROVEMENTS IN ICE CREEPERS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR ENABLING THE WEARER TO WALK SAPELY ON ICE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richard Bull at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd November 1874.-A communication from abroad by Reginald
Heber Earle, of Saint John's, Newfoundland..
I, WILLIAM RICHARD BULL, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ICE CREEPERS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR ENABLING THE
WEARER TO WALK SAPELY ON ICE," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described
in constructing the said ice creepers, whereby their construction is
simplified and they are rendered more convenient in use than ice
creepers as ordinarily constructed.
Icc creepers made according to the said Invention consist of the
following arrangement or combination of parts. A plate or bar of
metal of a length somewhat less than the width of the sole of the boot
or shoe, is provided with two narrower plates which slide in grooves in
the sides of the first named plate. The said narrow plates overlap each
other at their inner ends, and are fixed in position by a clamping screw

page_text: pressing upon and binding the said overlapping ends against the grooves
in which they slide. The outer ends of the narrow sliding plates are
turned up at right angles, and are respectively provided with small
spikes, which when the ice creeper is applied to the sole of the boot or
shoe and the sliding plates pressed inwards enter the edges of the sole of a
the boot or shoc. The driving home of the clamping screw fixes the ice
creeper to the boot or shoe. The under side of the first named or base
plate carries two or other number of spikes, which when the wearer
walks take a firm hold on the ice and prevent him from slipping. The
range of motion of the narrow sliding plates is limited by slots in them, 1
in which slots pins on the first named plate take. If is preferred to
make the head of the clamping screw of such a figure that the screw
may be turned either by a screwdriver or by a key.
A Naw on Twa DEAD AT MARTAT
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Reston Horne, of Glasgow, in the County
t
of Lanark, North Britain, Coal Master, for the Invention of "A
Naw on Twa DEAD AT
MARTAT "
Sealed the 16th June 1874, and dated the 24th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Reston Horno
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th April 1874.
I, ROBERT RESTON HORNE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Coal Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED REFRACTORY OR FIRE-RESISTING MATERIAL,"
to be as follows, that is to say:
-
This Invention, which relates to the manufacture of a new or improved
refractory or fire-resisting compound or material, which may be used in
the form of bricks or blocks, or be applied as a plaster or cement for
lining or covering the interior of blast furnaces, cupolas, or other
furnaces wherein high temperatures are employed, consists in grinding

page_text: gannister, galliard, or fire-stone, such as is found in the lower
carboniferous series until it is reduced to a fine powder.
The powder
so produced is mixed with quartz, slag, fire-clay, or sand, and is formed
into bricks or blocks by exposing masses of the compound to heat in
furnaces or kilns requisite to produce a skin or glaze on the brick or
blocks.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Reston Horne in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
RESTON HORNE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Coal Master, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year
ofour Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the 37th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Robert Reston Horne, Her special license that
I, the said Robert Reston Horne, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Reston Horne, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED

page_text: ROBERT RESTON HORNE. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED CLASPING PIN FOR SECURING ARTICLES OF DRESS AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Armstrong at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1874.
I, FRANK ARMSTRONG, of Waterbury, Connecticut, United States of
America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CLASPING PIN
FOR SECURING ARTICLES OF DRESS AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to a simple and convenient device for fastening
and holding up the skirts of ladies' dresses, for fastening shawls and
various other articles of wearing apparel, for securing antimacassors upon
chairs, and for other like purposes.
This improved clasp or clasping pin is constructed as follows:-It has
a piece of thin metal, such as brass, iron, or silver, which is stamped into
any suitable form, preferably that of a small leaf or shell or some other
natural object, presenting a neat and ornamental appearance. To this
metal piece at or near its centre I connect by a pin joint a small metal
strip or tongue in such a manner that it will turn up or back on the

page_text: said joint, or may be pressed down into a recess formed to receive it in
the aforesaid metal leaf or shell-shaped piece. This small tongue is
fitted with a curved pin projecting from its inner side and through a
small hole in the recessed portion of the said leaf or shell-shaped piece.
The end of the latter at the sides of the recess is formed to admit the end
of the said tongue, which is turned down or bent into an eye, and has
sufficient elasticity to yield to allow it to pass over the outer edge of the
saiḍ recess, and then spring in upon the same so as to hold the tongue
securely down. When the said device is used the tongue is turned
back, the point of the curved pin is passed through the parts of the
dress or other articles to be fastened, and the tongue is pressed down
and snapped into the recess. When it is desired to unfasten the dress
or other article, the said tongue is released from the recess by a slight
upward pressure upon its end, and the pin may then be readily
withdrawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES OR FIRE-GRATES, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THERE- FOB
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Macfarlane and Robert
Macfarlane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd May 1874.
We, DANIEL MACFARLANE and ROBERT MACFARLANE, of Paisley, in
the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Dyers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING SMOKE IN
FURNACES OR FIRE-GRATES, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THERE-
FOB," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in consuming smoke in
furnaces or fire-grates, is more especially applicable to the furnaces or
fire-grates of steam boilers, and it consists in the employment of heated
air obtained by condensing the waste steam from the boiler to consume
the smoke in the furnaces or fire-grates. The steam after having
performed its work is conducted into a chamber wherein it is condensed,
and the air in the said chamber heated by contact with the steam is
forced by a blast fan through a pipe or passage into another pipe placed
across the boiler at the firing end thereof. From the latter pipe a main
one or more smaller pipes is or are conducted into the interior of the

page_text: furnaces or fire-grates, whereby the air neated as herein-before set forth
is directed on the smoke, and more effectually consumes the same.
In lieu of discharging the air into the furnaces or fire-grates near the
firing ends thereof it may be conducted from the main pipe through
other pipes situate within or under the furnaces or fire-grates, and
discharged on the smoke at or near the fire-bridge, or at other
any
convenient situation, it being understood that under any of these
arrangements the air is heated before entering the furnaces or fire-
grates.
AN IMPROVED MODE OR METHOD OF COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE Guard of a TRAIN IN MOTION AND THE STATION MASTER DURING THE TRANSIT FROM STATION TO STATION
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Pocknell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1874.
I, GEORGE POCKNELL, of Exeter, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OR METHOD OF COMMUNICATING
BETWEEN THE Guard of a TRAIN IN MOTION AND THE STATION MASTER DURING
THE TRANSIT FROM STATION TO STATION," to be as follows:-
I lay down a wire in separate lengths (say for example, of 100 yards
each) alone the line of rail from the telegraph posts or otherwise,
bringing the ends in close to the edge of the line or sleepers, and I
furnish each end with a stop acted upon by a spring from beneath. A
further length of wire is fixed so as to form a connection between the
ends of the separate lengths when the spring presses the stops against it.
The stops are brought in close to the edge of the sleepers and slightly
project. The guard's carriage is furnished with the means of pressing
down the stops when passing, thus breaking the contact of the wire
and intercepting the current of electricity which passes up into the

page_text: carriage, and is connected with an electro-magnetic bell and telegraphic
apparatus.
I also lay down another wire furnished with stops in a similar manner,
for the purpose of making the train record its approach and progress by
means of an indicator fixed at the station.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of Clips, SLIDES, OR FASTENINGS FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ward Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1874.
I, JOHN WARD JONES, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE of Clips, SLIDES, OR FASTENINGS FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER
LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of clips,
slides, or fastenings employed for the purpose of closing and securing the
front or side openings of boots and shoes, such clips, slides, or fastenings
embracing and drawing together the two sides of the opening when slid
over it.
Several of these clips, slides, or fastenings are connected
together at suitable distances apart by a cord or chain, one end of which
is attached to the lower end of the opening of a boot or shoe, the other
end being secured when the opening is closed by passing over hooks,
studs, or other contrivances arranged on each side of the top parts of the
opening

page_text: Heretofore clips, slides, or fastenings of this character have been cast
made or formed out of solid metal by cutting out the grooves for the
edges of the opening to slide in, but according to my improvements such
clips, slides, or fastenings are made from sheet metal which is sunk or
pressed into form by means of male and female dies, and closing or
shaping tools, some of which are similar to those employed for making
metal buttons from discs of sheet metal.
In carrying out my improvements I first stamp or cut out blanks of
suitable form from sheet metal which are afterwards sunk by means of
male and female dies, the edges being then turned over to finish the clip
or slide in suitable closing and finishing tools.
These clips, slides, or fastenings may also be employed for securing
the edges of gaiters or for other like purposes where the two flexible sides
of any article are to be held together or separated when required.
By means of my improvements clips, slides, or fastenings of this
character are greatly reduced in cost, being also much lighter and
far more suitable for being applied to the above purposes than
heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER HANGINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1874.-A communication from abroad by François
Bourgeois, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER HANGINGS," a
communication to me from abroad by François Bourgeois, of Paris, in
the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of that description of paper
hangings known as "flock paper,"
," and consists of an improved mode
of applying gold and silver tints or shades to such paper, whereby a
considerable saving in time and labour is effected, and an increased
ornamental effect is obtained.
According to the ordinary method the gold and silver tints or shades
are applied to the paper before the velvet or flock surface is produced,
but hitherto such tints or shades have only been applied to the velvet or

page_text: flock surface itself by the employment of the costly process of heated
beams.
Now this Invention consists in preparing the velvet or flock surface
with sizing and a mordant for the reception and retention of the gold
and silver tints or shades, and in applying the tints or shades thereto
with the same plates or blocks as those employed, and according to the
methods adopted in printing the ordinary colors on paper hangings.
In carrying out this Invention a size is first prepared composed (by
preference) of glue thoroughly mixed or incorporated with encaustic and
linseed oil, and then applied to the velvet or flock surface of the paper
with a block as in ordinary sizing. The velvet or flock surface so pre-
pared is afterwards treated with a mordant composed of half boiled
linseed oil, and the gold and silver tints are applied by the known
processes of plate or block printing. This arrangement admits of a
number of gildings or silverings being placed upon the same cylinder,
which affords facility for imitating the designs of ancient figured fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-REGULATING SUPPLY VALVES FOR TANKS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Finch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
July 1874.
I, BENJAMIN FINCH, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-REGULATING SUPPLY VALVES FOR TANKS," to be as follows:-.
My Invention relates to improvements in self-regulating supply
valves for use in cisterns or tanks in liew of what are known as ball
cocks or valves.
This Invention is designed to avoid all unnecessary friction in the
working of the valves by dispensing with packing or pistons, and at the
same time to so form and connect the float that it shall exert complete
control over the valves; it works with the shortest possible float lever
and with very limited play of said lever, by which means an extremely
compact self-regulating valve is obtained, which allows the water to run
through at full bore up to an unusually late moment previous to cutting
off the supply, whereby the tank is filled rapidly.

page_text: The body of the valve consists of an outer and inner shell, in the
latter of which is fitted what is known as a doublo beat valve, arranged
to close on suitable seatings provided in the inner shell. These seatings
and valves may be made of equal area, and so act in perfect equilibrium,
or if desired the valve may be so proportioned to each other that the
pressure may tend either to open or close them as the case may be.
The valves are carried on a spindle working in guides on the outer shell,
and are operated by a lever fulcrumed on the outer shell, and connected
at its short arm to said spindle by a side block introduced to ensure
durability and steadiness of action. The float is connected to the long
arm of the lever by a joint to ensure the horizontal action of the float
and avoid strain and friction in the working of the lever, and instead of
being made spherical as usual it is flattened almost to a disc form, in
order that the slightest immersion may produce immediate action on
the valve.
I also introduce when necessary a strainer between the supply pipe
and the valve box. For this purpose a chamber is provided containing
a diaphragm of perforated metal or wirework, through which the water
must pass on its way to the valve, whereby all sediment will be detained
in said chamber, where it can be removed at any time by detaching a
screw plug. The upper portion of the chamber acts as an air vessel to
lessen the concussion of the water, and prevent objectionable vibration
when the valve closes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'FISHING' THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Evans at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1874.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
Hampson, Newburgh, State of New York, United States.
I, THOMAS EVANS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN 'FISHING' THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS," a communication to
me from abroad by Joseph Hampson, Newburgh, State of New York,
United States, to be as follows:-
:-
The object of the Invention is to strengthen and give increased surface
and support for the wheels to run upon where the ends of the rails
come together, and by which means the gaps between the ends of the
rails are bridged over, so that the wheels pass smoothly and without
hammering or concussion; thus every part of the rail wears evenly, and
the sleepers are less disturbed and keep their level more perfectly.
The Invention consists in using a fish plate upon the inner or wheel
ange side of the rail of the ordinary form combined with a fish plate
upon the outside of the rail, which conforms in shape to the side of the

page_text: rail and rises to its level. This outside plate may be about two feet
long with a face about one inch broad upon the level of the rail. The
two ends of the plate may terminate either square or may taper off at
the side of the rail. The two plates are bolted together by bolts passing.
through holes in the fish plate and rail in the ordinary manner.
arranged the outside fish plate forms a part of the bearing surface of the
rail for supporting the wheels as they pass the joint between the ends of
two rails.
Thus
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARNING SHIPS OF THEIR APPROACH TO SHALLOW AND DANGEROUS WATERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederick Molony at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th July 1874.
I, JOHN FREDERICK MOLONY, of Omagh, Ireland, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARNING
SHIPS OF THEIR APPROACH TO SHALLOW AND DANGEROUS WATERS," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to a mode of facilitating the navigation
of vessels, and preventing loss of life and property at sea, by providing
each ship with an apparatus for sounding the approach to shallow
water, and thereby obviating the danger of being grounded or wrecked,
and consists in fitting and employing a sounding rod to each mast or to
one only, so as to work vertically through an open tube in the hull and
pass down down below the keel to the required depth, upon the ends of
which rod guys are employed leading to the fore foot and passing through
a tube to the upper deck for maintaining the rods in a staid and vertical
position, in such manner that a ball placed on the end thereof coming
in contact with the earth or other foreign substances will immediately

page_text: communicate electric motion to an alarum bell, and give the necessary
warning, so as to enable the course of the vessel to be altered in time and
thereby avert danger, or the loss of the ship and lives. Tackle or other
gear being employed for hoisting, lowering, or maintaining the sounding
rod in its vertical position.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED BEVIL-EDGED RAILWAY KEY, TURNSCREW, KNIFE, PEN AND PENCIL, AND CORKSCREW
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wigg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
July 1874.
I, CHARLES WIGG, of No. 15, Bartlett's Buildings, in the Oity of
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMBINED BEVIL-EDGED RAILWAY KEY,
TURNSCREW, KNIFE, PEN AND PENCIL, AND CORKSCREW," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists chiefly of two members of steel or other
suitable metal. The first member I make of flat metal; one end I
slightly taper and finish off so as to form a turnscrew, the sides whereof
[in the thickness of the metal] are bevilled both ways, so that when
applied as a key to the square opening of a railway carriage or other
lock it adjusts itself to the same in a diagonal direction. At the other
end I fix a blade to open and close with a spring or other simple
contrivance. This end has an eye or hole for the reception of the second
member, which, when inserted in the said eye or hole, forms a handle to
it, and is made of round metal, somewhat longer than the first member,
and for about one half its length is of sufficient diameter to pass through

page_text: the eye or hole above mentioned. The end of the same is curved and
terminated with a small bulb or knob, so that when not in use the two
members may be folded together. The remainder is of a larger diameter,
and bored to receivo a penholder or pencil, or both. A corkscrew may
also be added if expedient. The parts when folded are secured together ŏ
by a clip or other simple contrivance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE ETHER AND PERFUME SPRAYERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Rolph Burman and
Maurice De Frece at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th February 1874.
We, ARTHUR ROLPH BURMAN and MAURICE DE FRECE, of Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for" IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE ETHER AND PERFUME SPRAYERS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of sprayers in which ether or
perfume contained in a suitable reservoir is drawn through a tube and
nozzle, and dispersed in the form of spray by means of a current of air
or other gas. Hitherto the current of air or other gas has been forced
through its nozzle either by simply blowing with the mouth or by
compressing an air or gas containing reservoir. The former method is
obviously inconvenient, and moreover is very fatiguing on account of
the strain required to force the air through the necessarily fine orificed
nozzle; the latter method is still more inconvenient on account of the
large size of reservoir required to maintain a sustained dispersion of
spray, and the necessity of detaching it (the said reservoir from the
sprayer to refil when exhausted.

page_text: Now our Invention has for its object to eliminate the above-described
disadvantages, and to produce a light, durable, and efficient sprayer,
suitable alike for intermittent and continuous dispersion of spray.
As means for providing an intermittent sprayer we attach to the air
nozzle an india-rubber or other flexible tube, the free end of which is
enlarged, so as to form what we call a pulsator. The said pulsator is
provided with two india-rubber valves, one at each end, one arranged so
as to allow the passage of air or gas into the pulsator, and the other so
as to allow the passage of air or gas from the pulsator into the tube
leading to the nozzle. On compressing the pulsator with the hand the
air or gas contained therein is forced out through the nozzle and operates
to produce the desired spray of ether or perfume. On allowing the
pulsator to expand air or gas is drawn in, and forms a supply to produce
a second spraying when compressed.
As means for producing a continuous spray jet we interpose in the
tube connection between the above-described pulsator and the sprayer an
india-rubber ball-like reservoir. The air or gas supplied intermittently
to the reservoir by the action of the pulsator expands the reservoir,
hence a continuous stream of air or gas is caused to flow to the sprayer
nozzle.
AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE POLE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Colverd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
June 1874.
I, JAMES COLVERD, of 4, Trinity Buildings, Great Tower Street, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE POLE," to be as follows:-
I construct the head of the carriage pole in three pieces, the two outer
or side pieces being of steel, iron, or other suitable material, to which I
attach the pole pieces. The back ends of each side piece is rounded and
fitted with a pin, which is received in a socket sunk for that 'purpose in
the pole to keep the side pieces in their places. I affix iron plates to
the top and bottom of the central piece, the pole hook being attached
These plates and the side pieces are made with a
raised collar as near as practicable to the pole. hook, on which three or
four threads of a screw are cut to receive a sliding collar, having
corresponding threads cut in the inside, and one or more raised studs on*
the outside to facilitate its removal.
to one of these plates.
On unscrewing the collar and sliding it below the junction of the side
pieces with the lower part of the pole the heads of both horses are

page_text: simultaneously released by the side pieces, to which are attached the
pole pieces coming away.
I place a small stud on the pole below the side pieces to prevent the
collar slipping down the pole. The remaining parts of the pole I make
in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Radford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 16th April
1874.
I, JOHN RADFORD, of the Central Brass Works, Thornton Road,
Bradford, in the County of York, Brassfounder, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to making the casing of the cock or tap with side
chambers; steam, water, or other fluids passing through an inlet passage
in the casing are made to pass through the side chambers downwards
into a bottom chamber, up the plug, and through an opening in the plug
through an outlet passage. Also in making a chamber plug having
holes or openings formed in the bottom part; steam, water, or other
fluids pass through an inlet passage in the casing, passing downwards
through two chambers into a bottom chamber, and through the holes or
openings in the chamber plug, then through an opening in the top part
of the chamber plug through an outlet in the casing. For this purpose
I employ a casing made with a conical hole in which a hollow taper plug
fits; an inlet is formed on one side of the casing communicating with

page_text: two side chambers, through which passes steam, water, or other fluid,
passing downwards in a chamber formed in the bottom part of the
casing, then up the hollow taper plug through an opening made near the
top part of the plug, and onwards through an opening made in the
casing communicating with an outlet passage. The plug is tightened by a
a regulating screw in the usual manner.
I also construct cocks or taps with a casing in which fits a chamber
plug; steam, water, or other fluid, passing through an inlet in the
casing passes through two side chambers as herein-before described,
downwards through a bottom chamber formed in the bottom part of the
casing, and through holes or openings formed in the bottom part of the
chamber plug, then up the chamber plug, passing onwards through an
opening made near the top of the plug, and through a passage made in
the casing forming the outlet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR ATTACHING HARNESS TRACES TO VEHICLES, AND FOR READILY DETACHING THE SAME THEREFROM
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1874.
I, JOHN CARTER, of Broad Street, in the City and County of Worcester,
Saddler and Harness Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR ATTACHING HARNESS TRACES
TO VEHICLES, AND FOR READILY DETACHING THE SAME THEREFROM," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore when it has been found necessary to detachi harness traces
from vehicles through the falling of a horse, or from any cause necessi-
tating expedition, great difficulty has been experienced from the fact
that there is generally a strain on the traces at that time, thereby
rendering it almost an impossibility to detach the eye or loop of the
trace from the roller bolt to which such trace is attached.
Now the object of my present Invention is to supply a means for
obviating the above difficulty. For this purpose I form the eye or loop
of the trace of iron or other suitable metal covered with leather, and I
divide the eye or loop and hinge the one part thereof to the other by a

page_text: knuckle joint. Near to where the trace proper joins the eye or loop I
attach a spring latch or bolt of brass or other suitable metal having a
knob or handle formed thereon, which latch or bolt takes into a metal
catch or socket placed in close proximity to the trace proper, by which
means the the two portions of the eye or loop may be connected rigidly
together.
By the use of this Invention, when it is desired to attach the eye or
loop of the trace to the roller bolt of the vehicle, it is merely necessary
to withdraw the latch or bolt from the catch or socket by means of the
knob or handle, when the eye or loop may be turned upon its hinge or
opened out to allow of its being passed around the roller bolt of the
vehicle, and it may then be snapped to as will be readily understood.
To release the eye or loop of the trace from the roller bolt of the
vehicle, it is merely necessary to withdraw the latch or bolt as above
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Browning at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
June 1874.
I, GEORGE BROWNING, of the City of Bristol, Mechanical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS
IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of sewing machines known as
"shuttle machines," and has for its object to prevent the shuttle from
flying out of place should the machine be operated while the slide in the
table is open and thereby damaging the machine.
To secure the shuttle in place independently of the slide which covers
the opening in the table through which the shuttle is introduced to its
carriage I fit the carriage with a movable shuttle holder which is made
with a lip that overlaps the shuttle, and-thus-serves-to-retain-the-shuttle-
in its race. This holder is pivotted at one end to the carriage to allow
of its being thrown up to receive the shuttle, and to permit of its facile
removal. The finger_with_which the carriage is usually provided, and
which takes into an indent made in the nose of the shuttle-is-retained,

page_text: and serves when the holder is tipped upon its fulcrum pin to protrude
the shuttle from the holder, and thereby facilitate its removal from the
carriage. The holder is retained in its depressed position by means of a
spring which bears against the under side thereof, and will yield to allow
of the holder being tipped upwards to receive a fresh shuttle.