TPROVED MODES OF SIGNALLING ON RATEWAYO
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bradley Files Moscrop and John
Gibbons, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
antion
of TPROVED MODES OF SIGNALLING ON RATEWAYO
وو
Scaled the 9th December 1875, and dated the 14th June 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bradley Files
Moscrop and John Gibbons at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th June 1875.
We, THOMAS BRADLEY FILES MOSCROP and JOHN GIBBONS, of the
City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MODES OF SIGNALLING ON
RAILWAYS," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object the giving of signals to the guards
and drivers of railway trains from a station, junction, crossing, or any
other required place, and also for giving a signal from the guards and
drivers to the station masters or other railway servants.

page_text: At the station or other required place we employ a signal lamp,
having in the case a hole or opening, and on it a sliding plate which can
shut off the light or allow it to be seen as required, the sliding plate
being connected by a chain or lever and rod to a double lever having a
handle. This double lever is connected by chains, rods, or wires, to
other double levers placed at the sides of the rails at suitable distances
apart along the line for any required distance, and when the double lever
at the station is placed in one position all the others are in a similar
position. On the locomotive or guard's van or on both there is a lamp
similar to that at the station, and also an arm or lever at each side
which can come in contact with one arm of the double levers when
required, and when desired bells, alarums, or any other description of
signal may be used instead of lamps.
When in foggy weather, extreme darkness, breakdown, or from any
other cause a signal has to be given to the guard and driver of the train,
the station master or other servant places all the double levers in a
vertical position, so that either of the arms or levers on the locomotive
or guard's van can come in contact with the lever furthest from the
station and place all the levers in an inclined position, and at the same
time give motion to the sliding plate on the lamp on the locomotive or
guard's van, and thereby uncover the hole and give light to serve as a
signal, and these operations may be repeated as many times as required.
At the same instant that the signal is given to the guard or driver the
signal lamp at the station or junction is uncovered and signalizes the
master or other servant that the signal has been given to the guard or
engine driver or to both, and when the driver or guard has to give a
signal to the station or other required place it is only necessary for one
or the other to work the levers to and fro to cover and uncover the
light, and in both cases signals are given when bells or alarums are used
instead of lamps.
In order to give repeated signals to the guard or driver to immediately
stop the train we employ a few additional double levers at short distances
apart beyond the ordinary double levers, and connect them by chains to
a separate double lever at the station or junction, so that when there is
a breakdown or other danger the lever at the station is raised to lift the
additional double levers, which have each a self-acting return movement
by means of a weight or spring, so that after the first movement they
raise independently of the lever at the station, and after all have been

page_text: moved down by the passage of the locomotive or van they are kept down
by a catch.
In order to prevent collisions, if by any accident or want of fore-
thought two trains should be approaching each other on the same line,
we add to each double lever an additional arm or lever at right angles
to the other two and at a short distance apart, thereby making the two
series of levers double acting, one series being adapted for giving signals
when the train is going in one direction, and the other series for giving
signals when the train is going in the opposite direction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Thomas Bradley Files Moscrop and John Gibbons
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WC, THOMAS
BRADLEY FILES MOSOROP and JOHN GIBBONS of the City of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Thomas Bradley Files
Moscrop and John Gibbons, Her special license that we, the said Thomas
Bradley Files Moscrop and John Gibbons, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Bradley Files
Moscrop and John Gibbons, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MODES OF SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Bradley
Files Moscrop and John Gibbons, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Bradley Files Moscrop
and John Gibbons, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the Figures on the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings,
and to the letters of reference marked thereon (that is to say) :—
This Invention has for its object the giving of signals to the drivers of
railway trains from a station, junction, crossing, or any other required
place, and also for giving signals from the drivers to the station masters
or other railway servants, and for the prevention of collisions when there
are extreme curves if two trains are approaching each other on the same
line, and on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Figs. 1, 2, and 3,
Sheet 1, are side clevations, and Fig. 4 an end view representing our
improved modes of signalling on railways, and Figs. 5 and 6, Sheet 2, arc
side and end views of some of the parts drawn about half size.
At the station or other required place we employ a four sided signal
lamp capable of being made to revolve, the lamp having on three sides
white, green, and red glass, and the other side dark, and this lamp is
marked a in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in which the white, green, and red lights
can be seen as required or entirely shut off, the lamp being turned by
the movement of a pulley 6 used as a double-acting lever, and worked a
by means of the handle or long lever c. The pulley at the station or
other place is connected by chains, rods, wires, or metallic ropes to other
pulleys b, used as double-acting levers working in pedestals d, and
having projecting arms e, Figs. 1 and 2, shewn enlarged in Figs. 5 and
6, Sheet 2, and the pulleys, arms, and pedestals are placed at the sides of a
the rails at suitable distances apart along the line for any required
distance, and when the handle or lever c at the station or other place is
in its vertical position all the arms e are vertical, but when the lever c
is in its downward position all the arms e are horizontal, and on the
locomotive there is a lamp f similar to that at the station, and also an {
arm or lever at each side, Figs. 1, 2, and 4, which arm can come in
contact with one arm e, and also the other arms e onc after the other

page_text: when they are raised if required. The pulleys are partly encircled in
two opposite directions by pieces of chain or wire rope, connected by
rods or wires, so that the pulleys and arms can be moved in either
direction without any slackness.
When in foggy weather, extreme darkness, breakdown, or from any
other cause a signal has to be given to the driver of the train the
station master or other servant places by means of the handle c all the
arms e on the double levers in a vertical position, as shewn in Fig. 1,
so that either of the arms or levers 9 on the locomotive can come in
contact with the arm furthest from the station, and place all the arms
in a horizontal or turned over position, as shewn in Fig. 2, and at the
same time give motion to the lamp on the lomotive, and thereby give
white, green, or red lights, and these operations may be repeated as
many times as required, and at the same instant that the signal is given
to the driver the signal lamp at the station or junction is turned and
signalizes the station master or other servant that the signal has been
received by the engine driver.
In order to give repeated signals to the driver to immediately stop the
train we employ a few additional double pulley levers and arms m,
Fig. 3, at short distances apart beyond the ordinary double pulley levers
and arms, and connect them by wires to a separate double lever and arm
at the station or junction, so that when there is a break down or other
danger the lever at the station is raised to lift the additional double levers
and arms, which have each a self-acting return movement by means of
a weight or spring, so that after the first movement they rise indepen-
dently of the lever and arm at the station.
In order to prevent collisions, if by any accident or want of forc-
thought two trains should be approaching each other on the same line,
we add to each double lever an additional arm n, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, at
right angles to the other, and at a short distance apart, thereby making
the two series of levers and arms double acting, one series being adapted
for giving signals when the trains are going in one direction, and the
other series for giving signals when the train is going in the opposite
direction, and this double lever and additional arm is shewn enlarged in
Figs. 5 and 6.
Horing now decoribed the nature and particulars of our coid T

page_text: claim the arrangement, combination, and employment of the various
mechanical parts and apparatus as herein described and illustrated
on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings or any mere modification
thereof.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Bradley Files Moscrop &
and John Gibbons, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the within-named Thomas
Bradley Files Moscrop and
John Gibbons, in the presence
of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
THOMAS B. F. MOSCROP. (L.S.)
JNO. GIBBONS.
(L.S.)