Improvements in or connected with Automatic Stop-Mechanisms of Machinery.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Sept., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 11th June, 1897-Accepted, 7th Aug., 1897.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Automatic Stop-Mechanisms of
Machinery.
We, BENJAMIN DRAPER, of 2 Knowsley Grove, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and WILLIAM BAYLIFF and THOMAS DUTTON BAYLIFF both of Wirral
Foundry, Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Engineers and Iron Founders, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to mechanisms for use in connection with machinery
(including machines and motors) by which, when an excessive resistance takes place
in the machine, due to some abnormal condition existing in it, or in some of its parts,
the driving mechanism of such a machine (which, say, acts through a belt, shafting,
or equivalent means), is automatically caused to be disconnected from, or thrown out
of operation upon, the machine or thing being driven, so as to allow the machine
to stop.
According to this invention, in a stop mechanism of the kind referred to, between
the driving means or mechanism, and the machine driven thereby, there is introduced
the automatically operating mechanism consisting of a connecting and disconnecting
coupling or mechanism, as a clutch of any known suitable form, one part of which is
driven by the driving mechanism and the other part of which is connected with and
drives the machine; and to one part of this disconnecting or clutch mechanism there
is provided a spring or weight which normally presses the two parts into engagement
with one another, and keeps them engaged; also, in connection with this part, an
automatically operating catch or detent is provided, which holds the parts of the
disconnecting mechanisin apart, when they have been automatically removed to this
position by abnormal resistance of the machine. The pressure of the spring, or due
to the weight, tending to keep the two parts of the connecting mechanism in the
engaged position, is adjustable or variable in some cases, so that the moment of
resistance of the machine at which the apparatus will come into action, and the
machine be stopped, may be varied at will.
In one form of automatic disconnecting mechanism, the two parts which engage
with one another are provided at their engaging ends or faces with projections and
intervening spaces, the projections of one part engaging with or corresponding with
the recesses of the other, and the surfaces or sides of which are inclined, and so
arranged that when the extra resistance comes on the machine, one part is forced
back, by the inclined edges or faces, out of engagement with the other, against
the action of the spring (say through a lever), and when moved back is caught by
the catch or detent, and being so disconnected and held out of position, the machine
instantly stops. In some cases, there is provided in connection with the disconnecting
mechanism, a spiral or fusee device which comes into action on the automatic part
being operated, and moves the part of such mechanism which is thrown out of
gear with the other some distance away from same.
To connect the driving mechanism or means with the machine, the catch or detent
is removed or released, when the two parts of the disconnecting mechanism are

page_text: brought by the spring or weight into the operative or driving position; and in the
case of the disconnecting mechanism being mounted on a shaft, revolved by the
driving means or gear, the part which is thrown into and out of gear, may revolve
with the shaft by, and move longitudinally thereon upon a key or feather, whilst the
driven part will be loosely mounted on the shaft, and will only revolve when the
mechanism is in the normal and engaged position.
Another form of engaging and disengaging device may consist of a shaft, say a
driven shaft, with grooves in it, in which projections connected with the machine
driven, and mounted conveniently on a spring frame or carrier, are provided, and
which engage with the said groove. Thus, when an abnormal resistance of the
machine takes place, the projections or engaging parts are thrown out of the grooves
in the shaft, and when so thrown out, are caught or held out of engagement by a
detent catch or stop, and so the driven part and machine, being disengaged from the
driving part, come to rest.
This invention may be applied to various kinds of machines or machinery, and in
its different applications will be arranged and adapted in different manners to suit
the conditions of these varying applications; and it inay be modified also in different
ways to meet special cases. And as regards the particular parts of the mechanisms,
these are not restricted to those more particularly specified, but others being
equivalents thereof, or differing materially from the same, may be employed without
departing from the main characteristics of the invention.
Dated this 10th day of September 1896.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Automatic Stop-Mechanisms of
Machinery.
We, BENJAMIN DRAPER, of 2 Knowsley Grove, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and WILLIAM BAYLIFF and THOMAS DUTTON BAYLIFF both of Wirral Foundry,
Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Engineers and Iron Founders, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention has reference to mechanisms for use in connection with machinery
(including machines and motors) by which, when an excessive resistance takes place
in the machine, due to some abnormal condition existing in it, or in some of its
parts, the driving mechanism of such a machine (which, say, acts through a belt,
shafting, or equivalent means) is automatically caused to be disconnected from, or
thrown out of operation froin the machine or thing being driven, so as to allow the
machine to stop.
According to this Invention, in a stop mechanism of the kind referred to, between
the driving means or mechanism, and the machine driven thereby, there is introduced
the automatically operating mechanism consisting of a connecting and disconnecting
coupling or mechanism, as a clutch of any known suitable form, one part of which is
driven by the driving mechanism, and the other part of which is connected with and
drives the machine; and to one part of this disconnecting or clutch. mechanism there
is provided a spring or weight, which normally presses the two parts into engagement
with one another, and keeps them engaged; also, in connection with this part, an
automatically operating catch or detent is provided, which holds the parts of the
disconnecting mechanism apart, when they have been automatically removed to this

page_text: position by abnormal resistance of the machine. The pressure of the spring, or due
to the weight, tending to keep the two parts of the connecting mechanism in the
engaged position, is adjustable or variable in some cases, so that the moment of
resistance of the machine at which the apparatus will come into action, and the
machine be stopped, may be, varied at will.
In one form of automatic disconnecting mechanism, the two parts which engage with
one another are provided at their engaging ends or faces with projections and intervening
spaces, the projections of one part engaging with or corresponding with the recesses
of the other, and the surfaces or sides of which are inclined, and so arranged that
when the extra resistance comes on the machine, one part is forced back, by the
inclined edges or faces, ont of engagement with the other, against the action of
the spring (say through a lever), and when moved back is caught by the catch or
detent, and being so disconnected and held out of position, the machine instantly
stojis. In some cases, there' is provided in connection with the disconnecting
mechanism, a spiral fusee device which comes into action on the automatic part being
operated, and moves the part of such mechanism which is thrown out of gear with
the other some distance away from same.
To connect the driving mechanism or means with the machine, the catch or detent
is removed or released, when the two parts of the disconnecting mechanism are
brought by the spring or weight into the operative or driving position; and in the
case of the disconnecting mechanisin being mounted on a shaft, revolved by the
driving means or gear, the part which is thrown into and out of gear, may revolve
with the shaft by, and move longitudinally thereon upon a key or feather, whilst the
driven part will be loosely mounted on the shaft, and will only revolve when the
mechanism is in the normal and engaged position.
Another form of engaging and disengaging device may consist of a shaft, say a
driven shaft, with grooves in it, in which projections connected with the machine
driven, and mounted conveniently on a spring framne or carrier, are provided, and
which engage with the said groove. Thus, when an abnormal resistance of the
machine takes place, the projections or engaging parts are thrown out of the grooves
in the shaft, and when so thrown out, are caught or held out of engagement by a
detent catch or stop, and so the driven part and machine, being disengaged from the
driving part, come to rest.
This Invention may be applied to various kinds of machines or machinery, and in
its different applications will be arranged and adapted in different manners to suit.
the conditions of these varying applications; and it may be modified also in different
ways to meet special cases. And as regards the particular parts of the mechanisms,..
these are not restricted to those more particularly specified, but others being
equivalents thereof, or differing materially from the same, may be employed without
departing from the main characteristics of the invention.
Drawings illustrative of this Invention are hereto annexed, and in them are shewn
several modes of the invention.
Figures 1, 2 and 3 are plan, end view, and side elevation, respectively, of one
modification.
Figures 4 and 5 shew a special clutch, and a fusee device.
Figure 6 is an elevation partly in section, and Figures 7 and 8 are cross section and
end view, respectively, of another modification.
Figures 9, 10 and 11 are sectional élevation, cross section, and end view, of another
modification.
In the different modifications the same letters and Figures of reference denote the
same or equivalent parts wherever they occur.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1 to 3, a is the shaft through which
motion is tmnsmitted to the machine, whatever this inachine may be, and a driving
belt wheel thereon; thus motion is so transmitted by the pulley b, the shaft a, and
through the gear or mechanism now to be described, the pulley being itself loose on a.
In this modification, this intervening mechanism or incans consists of a clutch
device c, rotating with the shaft a, but adapted to slide by a feather or key o¹

page_text: longitudinally on the shaft; a lever d hinged at d', and carrying on its forked end a
ring d', fitting within a groove in the clutch body c in the usual way; a spring e
connected with the end of the handle d at one end, and at the other to a stationary
part, by an adjusting nut and bolt e by which its tension is varied and regulated;
and a detent or catch f, hinged at f, and normally pulled down onto the lever by a
spring f. The end of the clutch c next the boss 6 of the wheel b with which it
engages-has the edges of the projecting part e' which engage with the edge of the
boss which are correspondingly formed-curved, as shewn the action of the
apparatus is primarily effected through these parts of the clutch and the wheel boss.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:--Under normal conditions the clutch c
engages with the boss of the wheel b, and is kept in engagement by the spring e,
acting through the lever d; and as the wheel b is rotated by its belt, the clutch cis
rotated, and through the feather or key c', revolves the shaft a, and so drives the
machine. When, however, the resistance of the machine becomes equal to that at
which it is deemed desirable that the stop mechanism should come into action, and
the machine be stopped, this resistance becomes transmitted to the clutch c,
and therefore the tendency of the clutch is to slide away from the wheel boss
and disengages itself from it, owing to the continued excessive power being applied
to the belt driven pulley b; that is, the inclined part of the boss b¹ will, owing to
the tendency of the machine to stop through the great resistance of the work in
the machine, act on the inclined parts c' of the clutch e, and will force the clutch c
along the shaft a against the resistance of the spring e. When this clutch is thrown
out, so that the end of the projecting part will be bearing upon the outermost part
of the edge of the boss b, the point of the book or part 3 will just be hold of the
edge of the lever d;-and-as-this part is slightly inclined, as shewn, and the
spring is continually pulling it down, the pressure of the lever f-of-itself-moves
the lever d a small distance, with the result that the clutch c is moved entirely out
of contact with the boss b', and thus the wheel b will revolve absolutely freely and
loosely upon the shaft a, and the shaft and machine is stopped.
Figure 4 shews a clutch c, which is mounted upon the shaft a through feathers or
keys, cl, which are of the form of a part of a screw or helix. By this construction,
the helix arrangement serves to move the clutch c quite clear of the boss of the
driving pulley, and out of contact therewith (and against the pressure of the spring e,
see Figures 1 and 6) when it is caught and held by the catch or detent, out of contact
with the pulley..
Another device for moving the lever and so the clutch, quite out of contact with
the boss of the pulley wheel, is shewn in Figure 5. In this case, under normal
conditions, the end of a fusee f on the shaft f, rests upon the lever face or side, it
being pressed down thereon by a spring f. The shaft which is suitably supported
at its upper end-is provided with a long pitch thread, as shewn; and the fusee fis
similarly formed internally and acts as a nut on f, being pressed downwards by the
spring. When the lever d is moved from under the end of the fusee f by the action
of the clutches, as described, the spring f in pressing the fusee downwards, causes
the fusee to rotate owing to the thread on ; and by this rotation, as the edge of
the fusee slides down past the edge of the lever d, it presses the lever d away, as the
increasing radius of it presses on the lever, and thus moves the clutch completely
out of contact with the wheel boss.
In the modification shewn in Figures 6 to 8, all the parts of the stop mechanism
are arranged and combined on the shaft a. In this case, the boss of the wheel b and
the engaging end of the clutch care shewn provided with a comparatively large
number of projecting parts, the projections of one fitting in corresponding recesses of
the other. The spring e is held in tension between a disc b-which is free to revolve
in and is held in a groove on the boss, and a similar collar or disc el, which screws on
the outside of the body of the clutch c, the clutch being threaded at this part to
enable the collar to be moved longitudinally, and the tension of the spring e varied
and adjusted at will. The holding or catch devices in this ease consist of a plurality
of pawl catches f hinged at f, to the end of the clutch. These pawls, when the body

page_text: of the clutch c is moved longitudinally along the shaft a by the resistance of the
machinery, engage with a by falling from the part a (which is larger than the other
part of the shaft) down onto the normal portion of the shaft, they being pressed
down by the springs f; and the face or edge of this descension being inclined as
shewn, the latéral movement of the clutch c is continued beyond that which is given
it by the lateral thrust of the projecting parts of the boss b, when the apparatus
comes into action; so that the clutch is moved clean out of contact with the wheel
boss. To put the apparatus back into the normal position, pins are provided on
the pawls, and a dise & is provided on the end of the body e, having inclined slots A
in it, through which the pins pass; the action being, that after the apparatus has
come into action, and the pins f' are at the ends of the slots nearest the axis of the
shaft, the dise or ring & is turned about the axle, and the, pawls or catches f are
thereby raised through the action of the slots on the pins f, to a level that their
undersides are even with the portion of the shaft, so that the spring e then pulls
the whole clutch, and parts carried by it, back into the position of engagement with
the boss of the wheel.
In the modification shewn in Figures 9 to 11, the whole of the parts of the stop
mechanism are combined with, and within the driving pulley itself. In this ense, the
body of the clutch c is disposed directly within the body 6 of the boss of the wheel b;
and the wheel boss, penetically, is mounted on the clutch body e; and when the stop
mechanism comes into action, revolves upon it. The parts which engage with each
other are projecting movable blocks, in the clutch c, the active parts of which are
rounded as shewn and extend for the whole length of the clutch; whilst the
corresponding parts of the boss b', consist of grooves extending through the surface
of the boss, in an axial direction, and of similar form to the parts of which engage
with them. These engaging parts c³ are normally pressed and held in position by
springs ; and their limit of engagement with the boss grooves is regulated by the
set studs b³.
In action, when the resistance of the machine to which the apparatus is applied,
exceeds the force of pressure, which the connection between the wheels and the
clutch is enabled to be transmitted to the shaft a, the projecting parts care pressed
inwards into the recess of the clutch in which they work; and when the edge of the
inclined part e' of these pieces renches the edge of a corresponding incline within the
said recesses, the blocks or pieces tend to move under this projecting part, and are
forced by springs onto it, and so move clean out of contact, by means of these
inclined surfaces, of the inside of the hub b. The inclined parts practically constitute
catches by which the parts c³ are held out of action. After the apparatus has been
in action, the parts are moved back into position by the plate A which has slots &¹
in it through which pins h pass. Thus by moving this plate about the shaft,
the catches can be moved bodily out of their held position; and then when they
are under the opening of the recess in which they slide, the springs e force them out
into grooves in the boss b¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. An automatic stop apparatus, comprising an automatically operating dis-
connecting and connecting coupling or device, one part of which is driven by the
driving mechanism, and the other part of which is connected with and drives the
machine, and a spring or its equivalent normally pressing and keeping the two parts
engaged with each other; substantially as herein set forth for the purposes specified.
2. In automatic stop mechanisms of the kind herein referred to, comprising a
connecting and disconnecting coupling or device, one part of which is driven by the
driving mechanism or means, and the other part of which is connected with and
drives the machine, and a spring or its equivalent connected with these two parts,
and normally pressing them and keeping them engaged with each other, and an
automatically operating detent device by which the engaging and disengaging part
are kept apart, and out of contact when disengaged; substantially as described.

page_text: 3. In automatic stop motions for machinery, the combination of a driving shaft a
a driving wheel 6 loosely mounted thereon, clutch device c adapted to revolve with
the shaft and engaging with the said wheel, a spring e.by which the clutch is kept in
engagement with the wheel, and a catch or holding off device for keeping the
clutch out of engagement and contact with the wheel; substantially as herein set
forth..
4. In automatic stop mechanisms for machinery, in which the engagement and
disconnection between the driving and the driven parts is through an engaging
and disengaging mechanism or means such as referred to, a detent or catch device,
adapted when the stop mechanism is in action (that is the parts thereof out of
engagement with each other) to move said parts further out of engagement, so as to
be out of contact with each other; for the purposes set forth.
5. The stop mechanism having parts arranged, constructed, and adapted to operate
as shewn in and set forth with reference to the drawings of the different modifications
specified.
Dated this 10th day of June 1907
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.