Improvements in Side-lights or Windows for Ships and other Structures.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Side-lights or Windows for Ships and other
Structures.
We, EDWIN JAMES PRESTON, of the Firm of J. Stone & Co., of Deptford, London,
Engineers, and GEORGE ENGLISH JAKEMAN, of 153, The Rye, Peckham, London,
in the employ of the said Firm, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
These improvements refer to glass doors or windows having a sliding motion
up and down or laterally and have for their object to render them secure and
watertight in the closed position and when required also to hold them secure in
any other position. For this purpose we provide ready means for pressing the side-
light or window sash against its frame so as to make water tight joint therewith
and for releasing it therefrom when it is desired to change its position.
In ships sidelights or windows hitherto made in which the glass door or window
sash slides up and down somewhat after the style of an ordinary railway carriage
window, it has been found next to impossible to make it absolutely watertight,
so that during rain or heavy weather it is necessary to fit such windows with
shutters outside which however while preventing the ingress of water also shut
out the light and are therefore of course very objectionable.
By means of our invention we are enabled to make these windows absolutely
watertight and dispense with the use of shutters, and that in a very simple
manner.
The window sash containing the glass, by preference counterbalanced for easy
working, slides up and down in grooves in a movable frame which is attached
to the main or fixed frame by means of links and all so arranged that, when the
movable frame containing the sash is operated by an eccentric cam or other
suitable device, it is raised from or moved towards the fixed frame and thereby
the sash or glass frame in the said movable frame is raised from or depressed
against its seating on the fixed frame, the watertight joint between them being
made of india rubber or other suitable material, or metal to metal, but the latter
is not so suitable on board ship.
As soon as the movable frame is moved away from the fixed frame by a
simultaneous short vertical movement, the sash or glass frame is at liberty to be
slided up or down. When it is required to be closed it is simply slided up into
position, and then by operating the cam or eccentric the movable frame is with
its sash jammed tightly against the fixed frame and so keeps perfectly watertight.
The sash or window can also be held tightly in any other required position by the
Instead of the eccentric or cam we may use any other suitable or
equivalent means for operating the movable frame. We may thus use a screw or
screws, or a wedge or wedges, or crank and connecting rod devices, or rack and
pinion gear or a lever having its fulcrum in the fixed frame and one end applied
to the movable frame; or toggle joint links having their outer ends connected to
the movable frame and the fixed frame respectively or a series of levers having
same means.

page_text: each its fulcrum on the fixed frame and one end bearing against a part of the
movable frame. Or in some cases we mount the movable frame so that the
joint is closed by lowering it and opened by lifting it.
Sometimes we pivot bell crank levers to the fixed frame, one arm of each lever
-acting on the movable frame, the other arm being operated by a rod, such rods
(by preference in tension) being connected and controlled by screw, cam, rack
and pinion, toggle joint, wedge or other suitable mechanical device.
In another form the movable frame has a slight horizontal lateral movement
for effecting the making and unmaking the joint, by means of levers or links as
described.
In yet another form the fixed frame is provided with slots or other suitable
guiding faces having slanting or cam parts, and the movable frame is fitted with
parts working between or on such faces.
In some cases it may be convenient to make the sash or window move hori-
zontally in the movable frame, means being provided, as described, for moving
the latter.
In another form we dispense with the movable frame and mount the sliding
sash in grooves or guides in or on the fixed frame, these grooves or guides being
suitably shaped to allow the sash to be forced against its seating when slid into
the required position. For pressing the sash against the fixed frame or away
therefrom various of the above described arrangements may be applied. Or
we may form the guides with the faces towards the ends inclined to the plane
of the seating, so that the act of sliding the sash into its final position opposite
its scating forces it towards and against the seating, to obtain sufficient
pressure the last part of the stroke of the sash may be controlled
by a lever or levers which will force it to the end of its stroke
and consequently home on its seating, or we may use a cam, wedge or screw for
this purpose.
In the above arrangements as applied to ships side lights the advantage may be
obtained that there are no inconveniently projecting parts.
Dated this Second day of December 1898.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
Improvements in Side-lights or Windows for Ships and other
Structures.
We, EDWIN JAMES PRESTON, of the Firm of J. Stone & Co., of Deptford, London,
Engineers, and GEORGE ENGLISH JAKEMAN, of 153, The Rye, Peckham, London,
in the employ of the said Firm, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
These improvements refer to glass doors or windows having a sliding motion
up and down or laterally and have for their object to render them secure and
watertight in the closed position and when required also to hold them secure in
any other position. For this purpose we provide ready means for pressing the side
light or window sash against its frame so as to make watertight joint therewith
and for releasing it therefrom when it is desired to change its position.
In ships sidelights or windows hitherto made in which the glass door or window
sash slides up and down somewhat after the style of an ordinary railway carriage
window, it has been found next to impossible to make it absolutely watertight,

page_text: so that during rain or heavy weather it is necessary to fit such windows with
shutters outside, which however while preventing the ingress of water also shut
out the light and are therefore very objectionable.
By means of our invention we are enabled to make these windows absolutely
watertight and dispense with the use of shutters, and that in a very simple
manner.
Fig. 1 of the drawings is a front elevation Fig. 2 a sectional side view and
Fig. 3 a plan section of one arrangement suitable for a deckhouse. A is a window
sash containing the glass B and adapted to make joint with a rubber ring D¹
in a recess in the stationary frame 1). This sash A is by preference and as shown
counterbalanced on each side by a weight W in a cord V passing over a pulley U,
for the purpose of easy working and is adapted to slide up and down in grooves
formed in a movable frame C which is attached to the stationary or fixed frame I) by
means of links E two on each side in this example, and all so arranged that when
the movable frame C containing the sliding sash A is operated by an eccentric or
cam F provided as an example.with square hole for inserting a square key for
turning the eccentric, it is raised from or moved towards the fixed frame D
while keeping parallel therewith and thereby the sash or glass frame A in the
said movable frame C is raised from or depressed against its seating on the fixed
frame D, the water tight joint between them being made by the compression
of the ring D of rubber or other suitable material or metal to metal, but the latter
is not so suitable on board ship.
As soon as the movable frame C is moved away from the fixed frame D by a
short parallel movement, the sash or glass frame A is at liberty to be slided up
or down. When it is required to be closed it is simply slided up into position,
and then by operating the cam or eccentric the movable frame C is with its sash A
jammed tightly against the joint ring D¹ in the fixed frame D and so keeps
perfectly watertight. The sash or window A can also be held tightly in any other
required position (that is to say more or less open for admitting air) by the same
means. Instead of the eccentric or cam F we may use any other suitable or
equivalent means for operating the movable frame. We may thus use a screw
or screws; or a wedge or wedges; or crank and connecting rod devices; or rack
and pinion gear or a lever having its fulcrum in the fixed frame and one end
applied to the movable frame; or toggle joint links having their outer ends
connected to the movable frame C and the fixed frame D respectively; or a series
of levers having each its fulcrum on the fixed frame and one end bearing against
a part of the movable frame.
Or in some cases we mount the movable frame C so that the joint is closed
by lowering it and opened by lifting it. This is effected by merely turning the
links E oppositely to that shewn in Fig. 2, that is to say by placing the joint
pin whereby the link is attached to the movable frame as far below the other joint
pin as it is now above it.
Sometimes, as shewn in the front view Fig. 4, the sectional side view Fig. 5 and
the plan section Fig. 6 we pivot hell crank levers E E¹ to the fixed frame D,
one arm E of each lever acting on the movable frame C. the other arm E¹ being
operated by a rod R, such rods (by preference in tension) being connected to
and controlled by a cam F, or by a screw, rack and pinion, toggle joint, wedge, or
other suitable mechanical device.
In another form the movable frame C is made to approach the fixed frame by
a horizontal movement of the pull rods for effecting the making and unmaking
the joint, by means of bell crank levers at right angles to the levers E described
with reference to Figs. 4 to 6 these levers being then at top and bottom instead of
at the sides.
In vet another form shewn in the front view Fig. 7. sectional side view Fig. 8,
and plan section Fig. 9 the fixed frame 1 is provided with slanting guiding
faces or cam parts G (or slanting slots) and the movable frame C is fitted with
parts H working against the slanting parts G. The face of the slanting piece I

page_text: serves to release it. The cam F, the balance weights W and other parts in
Figs. 1 to 3 are also applied in this form.
In some cases it may as shewn in the front view Fig. 10; plan section Fig. 11
and plan section through the cam Fig. 12 be convenient to make the sash or
window move horizontally in the movable frame C which latter is provided with
laterally projecting guides a cam For other suitable means being provided as
described for moving the said frame, the cam F is in such case at the side, while
the links E are at top and bottom.
In another form we dispense with the movable frame and as shewn in the front
elevation Fig. 13, sectional side view Fig. 14, plan section Fig. 15, and detail view
Fig. 16, we mount the sliding sash A in grooves or guides in or on the fixed
frame D, these grooves or guides being suitably shaped to allow the sash to be
forced against its seating when slid into the required position. For pressing
the sash A against the fixed frame 1) or away therefrom a cam or other of the
above described arrangements may be applied. We may for instance use a
lever on each side; this lever is shewn separately in Fig. 16. The flange of
the sash A comes between the cam parts K¹ and K2 of the lever K. As the lever
is depressed the cam part K¹ forces the sash A against its seat on the fixed
frame D, and as the lever is raised the cam part K2 draws it away therefrom.
The counterweights may be arranged as described.
Or we may as shewn in the front view Fig. 17, sectional side view Fig. 18,
and plan section Fig. 19 form the guides on the fixed frame 1) as also shewn in
the sectional side view Fig. 20 with faces inclined to the plane of the seating so
that the act of sliding the sash A into its final position opposite its seating forces it
against the seating. The guide grooves in the lower part of the fixed frame I)
are deeper than the guide grooves in the upper part. The projection L is of
greater vertical depth than L' so that as L passes the slot for L' it should not be
permitted to drop into said slot; and L¹ is moreover made to project further from
the sash A than L. The depth of the groove and slot in the lower part of the
fixed frame D is greater than that of the groove and slot in the upper part, so
that when the projections L and L' abut against the upper inclined faces of the
slots they should be diverted so as to carry the sash against the joint ring.
A cam F is fitted to the bottom of the fixed framo and is adapted to engage with
a lug M on the sash, for making tight joint. Or other equivalent means, above
referred to, may be used.
For the purpose of obviating the use of drip trays which are used in some cases
we prefer to make the joint rubber ring D¹ in such cases of the form shewn in
Fig. 21 that is to say with a lip D2 which rests against the glass pane and prevents
water from running down between the fixed frame D and the window sash A when
the latter is open.
A similar lip may be carried part or the whole way up each
side. At the sides the lips may if preferred rest against the sash franie at A*
instead of against the glass pane. In some cases insertions may be used to stiffen
the lip.
In all the above described arrangements as applied more especially to ships side
lights the advantage may be obtained that there are no inconveniently projecting
parts, and the drawings shew how this desirable object is carried into effect.
It will also be noticed that the sash will remain in any open or partly open
position, notwithstanding any motion of the ship, and except as regards Figs. 17
to 20 can be clamped in such position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is: -
1. Side lights or windows for ships and other structures in which the glazed
sash slides in a movable frame that is connected to the stationary frame in such
manner that it can by a cam or other suitable means be moved slightly away
from the said frame while keeping parallel therewith for enabling it to be opened

page_text: and be pressed watertight against the said frame in the position for being closed so
that shutters may be dispensed with, substantially as set forth.
2. The constructions of the side lights firstly claimed substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 1 to 3, 4 to 6, 7 to 9 and 10 to 12.
3. Side lights or windows for ships and other structures in which the glazed
sash slides in grooves in the stationary frame in such manner that it can by a
cam or other suitable means be moved away from the said frame while keeping
parallel therewith or nearly so for enabling it to be opened and be pressed
watertight against the said frame in the position for being closed, so that shutters
may be dispensed with substantially as set forth.
4. The constructions of the side lights thirdly claimed substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 13 to 16 and 17 to 20.
5. The construction of rubber joint ring for side lights as described with
reference to Fig. 21.
Dated this Fourth day of September 1899.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.