IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF WATER AND AIR OR OTHER FLUID.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PÅTENT to Louis Marie "Brachigny aud Jules Emile
Deschamps, fils, of Rouen (France), Manufacturers, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF
WATER AND AIR OR OTHER FLUID.'
"
Scaled the 30th December 1873, and dated the 22nd August 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Maric Brachigny
and Jules Emile Deschamps at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd August 1873.
We, LOUIS MARIE BRACHIGNY and JULES EMILE DESCHAMPS, fils, of
Rouen (France), Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY
MEANS OF WATER AND AIR OR OTHER FLUID," to be as follows :—
Our system of aero-hydraulic motive machine obtains, as the name
we have given it indicates, its source of power from the combined action.
of the two physical agents most spread throughout nature, viz., air and
water. It is by a novel application of the principle of Archimedes that
we utilize these two elements by means of a special mechanism which

page_text: constitutes the essence of our present Invention. The essential organs
of this mechanism are moveable bellows fixed to a jointed chain
circulating like a noria upon two guide wheels superposed in the interior
by a receiver full of water. The bellows are put by special conduits in
continuous communication with a taking of the exterior air, so that they
can open and become filled with air while rising, whilst the bellows
which descend on the other side close and become discharged of air by
the effect of the weight of leaden plates which form the bottom of these
bellows.
The impulse which produces the movement of the whole of the
mechanism results from the sensible difference existing between the
volumes of the bellows on the right, and the volumes of the bellows on
the left, a difference which occasions a more energetic effort of the water
upon the bellows, which being filled will air displace the largest volume
of liquid. The upper wheel receives in this manner a rotative movement ]
which permits the entire power to be conveyed by the aid of a pulley to
be transmitted to the points where it is desired to apply it.
Having thus described the principle of our Invention we proceed
to describe the construction and action of our acro-hydraulic motor, as
applied more particularly to navigation.
The machine is composed of a first and a second wheel of wood or iron
upon which a jointed double chain is rolled, the joints of which engage
into notches made in the first wheel. This wheel is formed solid with
tho shaft upon which it is fixed and which transmits the rotative move-
ment obtained as well as the motive power developed by the apparatus.
The second wheel is without notches and only serves to guide the chain
and to prevent it from entangling below. Upon the jointed chain arc
fixed tringles supporting the movable bellows; these bellows are of
caoutchouc, pliant and easy to open or close; they are provided at their
bottoms with a sheet of lead and at their sides with rings which slide
along other tringles fixed to the end of the first. At the top of each
bellows is a flexible tube causing to communicate through a pipe the
interior of the bellows with the interior of a hollow round box, and
communicating with the outer air by a round opening. This opening is
formed in a bearing which serves as a pivot in the partition of the
reservoir, and turns with the box whether it be drawn by the impulse of
the pipes or whether it be commanded by a transmission movement.
B

page_text: The whole of this mechanism is placed in a reservoir which is filled with
water.
The action of the system is easily explained. All the movable bellows
are immersed in the water, a portion of the bellows opens and fills with
water while rising, whilst the other portion closes and becomes discharged
in descending from the weight of the plate of lead placed at the bottom
of each bellows. By this action the side filled with air tends always to
rise through the effect of the impulse of the water, whilst the discharged
side tends to fall by its own weight which brings about a continuous
motion since there is always one side effectively heavier than the other,
and since as soon as one bellows empties itself there is another which
fills with air and so on.
Instead of employing a plate of lead to open and close the bellows, wo
can operate this movement by an ungearing arrangement which releases
of itself or which a spring causes to relcasc. The feeding of the bellows
with air can be effected in various manners, for example by means of a
movable band following the bellows in their movement. The air may be
replaced by hydrogen or any other gas.
Our machine may assume besides an elongated form an oval form, and
principally a circular form.
In the last case the apparatus will resemble a wheel, the transmission
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the Louis Maric Brachigny and Jules Emile Deschamps
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th February 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, LOUIS
MARIE BRACHIGNY and JULES EMILE DESCHAMPS, fils, of Rouen
(France), Manufacturers, send greeting..

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-second day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Louis Marie Brachigny and Jules
Emile Deschamps, Her special licence that we, the said Louis Marie
Brachigny and Jules Emile Deschamps, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Louis Marie Brachigny and Jules
Emile Deschamps, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times:
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MACHINERY. FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS
OF WATER AND AIR OR OTHER FLUID," upon the condition (amongst others) :
that we, the said Louis Marie Brachigny and Jules Emile Deschamps,
or one of us, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or one of our or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Louis Marie Brachigny and
Jules Emile Deschamps, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is
to say:
Our system of aero-hydraulic motive machine obtains, as the name we
have given it indicates, its source of power from the combined action of
the two physical agents most spread throughout nature, viz., air and
water. It is by a novel application of the principle of Archimedes that
'we utilize these two elements, by means of a special mechanism which
constitutes the essence of our present Invention.
The essential organs
of this mechanism are movable bellows fixed to a jointed chain
circulating like a noria upon two guide wheels superposed in the interior
by a receiver full of water. The bellows are put by special conduits in
continuous communication with a taking of the exterior air, so that they

page_text: can open and become filled with air while rising, whilst the bellows
which descend on the other side close and become discharged of air by
the effect of the weight of leaden plates which form the bottom of these
bellows.
The impulse which produces the movement of the whole of the
mechanism result from the sensible difference existing between the
volumes of the bellows on the right and the volumes of the bellows on the
left, a difference which occasions a more energetic effort of the water
upon the bellows, which being filled with air displace the largest
volume of liquid. The upper wheel receives in this manner a rotative
movement which permits the entire power to be conveyed by the aid of
a pulley to be transmitted to the points where it is desired to apply it.
Having thus described the principle of our Invention, we proceed to
describe with the aid of the annexed Drawings the construction and
action of our aero-hydraulic motor.
This apparatus is shown in front elevation in Figure 1, in side elevation
in Figure 2, and in plan view at Figure 3.
Figures 4 and 5 show an arrangement of our motor in a circular form
for manufacturing purposes, but applicable more particularly to
navigation.
The machine is composed of a first wheel A and a second wheel B of
wood or iron upon which a jointed double chain O is rolled, the joints of
which engage into notches made in the first wheel A. This wheel is
formed solid with the shaft upon which it is fixed, and which transmits
the rotative movement obtained as well as the motive power developed
by the apparatus. The second wheel B is without notches and only
serves to guide the chain C and to prevent it from entangling below.
Upon the jointed chain are fixed tringles D supporting the movable
bellows E; these bellows are of caoutchouc pliant and easy to open or
close, they are provided at their bottoms with a sheet of lead and at
their sides with rings which slide along other tringles F fixed to the end
of the first ones D. At the top of each bellows E is a flexible tube G
causing to communicate through a pipe H the interior of the bellows
with the exterior of a hollow round box I and communicating with the
outer air by a round opening J. This opening is formed in a bearing
which serves as a pivot in the partition of the reservoir, and turns with
the box whether it be drawn by the impulse of the pipes or whether it
.

page_text: be commanded by a transmission movement. The whole of this
mechanism is placed in a reservoir K. which is filled with water.
The action of the system is easily explained. All the movable bellows
are immersed in the water, a portion of the bellows open and fill with
water while rising, whilst the other portion closes and becomes discharged
in descending from the weight of the plate of lead placed at the bottom
of each bellows. By this action the side filled with air tends always to
rise through the effect of the impulse of the water, whilst the discharged
side tends to fall by its own weight which brings about a continuous
motion since there is always one side effectively heavier than the other,
and since as soon as one bellows empties itself there is another which
fills with air and so on. Thus the impulse which produces the move-
ment of the whole apparatus results from the effective difference between
the volumes of the bellows on the right, and the volumes of bellows on
the left. This difference causes a more energetic effort of the water
upon the bellows which being inflated with air displaces the largest
amount of liquid. The upper wheel receives in this manner a rotative
movement which by the aid of the pullies can be transmitted for use as
motive power.
.
Instead of employing a plate of lead to open and close the bellows we
can operate this movement by an ungearing arrangement which releases
of itself or which a spring causes to release. The opening of the bellows
can likewise be effected by a lever composed of a fourth of a circle and
a rod which on touching a stop placed at the bottom of the reservoir
opens the bottom of the bellows, and causes it to hook into two notches
which will release of themselves in the upward movement.
The feeding
of the bellows with air can be effected in various manners, for example,
by means of a movable band following the bellows in their movement.
The air may be replaced by hydrogen or any other gas.
Our machine may assume the circular form shown in Figures 4
and 5.
In the last case the apparatus will resembles a wheel and the trans-
mission shaft will be in the middle. The box I instead of turning in
the division of the reservoir K is fixed upon the shaft itself, and it
extends from the hollow shaft to the bellows with which it directly
communicates and it at the same time supports the whole weight of the
machine..

page_text: The slackening of the machine is obtained either by depriving it
gradually of air by means of a stop placed before the air entry, or by
lowering the level of the water by any means, or lastly by a break.
In the case when compressed air is used it becomes necessary that
each bellows should communicate through a pipe with a round plate M
(Figure 6) turning in the division of the reservoir N for the compressed
air. There should be as many holes as there are bellows in this plate;
the reservoir N will cover one half of these holes while the other half
will serve for the free air.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,―
First. The combined employment of water and air whether compressed
or not acting upon one another in consequence of the difference in their
densities, substantially in the manner described for the production of
motive power.
Secondly. The combination and arrangement of the mechanism,
substantially as herein-before described and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Thirdly. The peculiar arrangement of the bellows as herein-before
described and shown which open out and discharge under the effect of
air, and close automatically under the effect either of the weight of
leaden plates attached to their bottoms or of an ungearing arrangement.
In witness whereof, we, the said Louis Marie Brachigny and Jules
Emile Deschamps, have hercunto set our hands and seals, this
Twenty-fourth day of December, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-three.
Witness,
ALBERT CAHEN,
LOUIS BRACHIGNY.
(L.S.)
J. DESCHAMPS, FILS. (L.S.)
Civil Engineer,
of Boulevard. Magenta, 32,
at Paris.