Improvements in Bleaching Yarns, Piece Goods, and other materials.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Jan., 1893-Accepted. 24th June, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by OTTO KEFERSTEIN, Senior, and OTTO
KEFERSTEIN, Junior, both of the firm of Greiffenber Bleich und
Appretur, Anstalt, Germany, Manufacturers, and the firm of SIEMENS
AND HALSKE, of 94, Markgrafen Strasse, Berlin, Germany, Manu-
facturers.]
Improvements in Bleaching Yarns, Piece Goods, and other
materials.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the combined bleaching process described in the
Specification to my application for Letters Patent dated 11th day of January
1893 No. 629, wherein the yarn, fabric, or other material to be bleached is sub-
jected alternately to the action of ozone and of weak chloride of lime solution.
According to the present improvement the said bleaching process is rendered
still more efficaceous by causing the materials to be bleached, previous to their
treatment with ozone, to be soaked in solutions of :-
a. Ammonia.
b. Ammonia-turpentine-emulsion.
c. Turpentine.
d. Ammonia-resin soaps.
e. Ammoniacal indigo.
On the contact of the ozone with the soaked materials in the ozone chamber,
there are formed round the same thick white fumes the production of which
increases the bleaching action of the ozone and, in addition, give rise to the
formation upon the fibre of larger quantities of salts, such as nitrate and nitrite of
ammonia and ammonia salts of the oxidation products of turpentine, which, on the
subsequent treatment with weak chloride of lime solution, increase the dissolving
and oxidising action of the weakly acid bleaching bath, this effect being probably
produced by the decomposition of the nitrate and nitrite combinations by the
hydrochloric acid of the decomposed perchloric acid.
The said white fumes, which are also produced if the floor of the ozone chamber
is covered with the solutions a, b, c, are proved also themselves to exert a bleaching
action upon dry and moist yarns. The fumes produced consist, in addition to the
unchanged vapours of the raw materials a, b, c, mainly of free enveloped ozone as
also of small quantities of hydrogen-peroxide, nitrate of ammonia, and ammonia-
turpentine-oxidation products, and they produce upon the materials salt-precipitates
that increase the ozone action, as such, and that are able to render more effectual
the ensuing weak bleaching salt solutions.
The mode of proceeding under the above described improved process is as
5 follows:-
The prepared raw materials to be bleached are, according to one arrangement,
soaked in weak solutions of the above described substances a, b, c, d, e.
These solutions are obtained in the following manner.
In the case of ammonia, to a concentrated aqueous solution with 30 per cent. of
0 ammonia are added 100 parts of water. In the case of ammonia-turpentine
emulsion 100 parts of aqueous ammonia solution with 30 per cent. of ammonia are
mixed with 20 parts of turpentine, and to the emulsion obtained 2000 parts of

page_text: water are added.
If the yarns &c. are to be impregnated with pure turpentine
I use for this purpose the ordinary turpentine of commerce.
In the case of ammonia-resin soap I use a solution of 20 parts of the latter in
1000 parts of water.
If ammoniacal indigo-solutions are to be employed I dilute 1 part of the concen-
trated solution with 4000 parts of water.
The yarns, piece goods and similar materials are treated with the one or other of
the before described solutions and are then brought into the ozone chamber for
3-6 hours. Thereupon the materials are treated for nearly 10 hours in a solution
of chloride of lime containing 0.0007 per cent. of chlorine. In order to complete
the bleaching process I may repeat the same operation once more, that is to say
I may again treat the yarus &c. removed from the chloride of lime solution, with
the above mentioned substances a, b, c, d, e and with ozone and then once more
with chloride of lime solution. The above named concentrations of ammoniacal
liquor, ammonia turpentine emulsion, turpentine, ammonia resin soap, and
ammoniacal indigo are specially suited for that modification of my process in
which the yarns &c. are directly treated with such solutions, in order to produce
the said fumes.
If however these fumes are to be produced by the direct action of ozone upon
the respective solutions I place in the ozone chamber having a cubic contents of
60 cubic meters a vessel containing ammonia solution with 30 per cent. of ammonia
ammonia-turpentine-emulsion with 25 per cent. of ammonia and 25 per cent. of
turpentine, or, in the case of c, pure turpentine.
or
The yarns to be treated are brought into the ozone chamber and a strong
current of ozone is made to flow over the solutions mentioned. The latter are
thereby partly evaporated and produce the bleaching fumes which come in contact
with the yarns.
After the materials have been subjected to the preliminary
bleaching action of the said vapours they are immersed in a chloride of lime
solution with 0.0007 per cent. of chlorine in the manner above stated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In the bleaching process set forth in Specification No. 629 of 1893, soaking
the yarns, or other materials to be bleached, with ammonia, ammonia-turpentine
emulsion, turpentine, ammonia-resin-soaps, and ammoniacal indigo, for the purpose
of increasing the primary bleaching action of the ozone, substantially as described.
2. In the bleaching process set forth in Specification No. 629 of 1893, treating
the yarns or other materials with fumes produced by the contact of ozone with the
vapours of ammonia, ammonia-turpentine-emulsions, and turpentine, for the purpose
of increasing the primary bleaching action of the ozone, substantially as described.
Dated this 11th day of January 1893.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.