IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Halliwell, of Baslow, Derbyshire, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS."
Sealed the 23rd November 1861, and dated the 29th May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Halliwell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1861.
I, JOHN HALLIWELL, of Baslow, Derbyshire, do bereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing churns in the following manner :-1
form a hollow vessel, the ends whereof serve to support same; within this
vessel I place and fix another similarly shaped vessel (as regards the interior
of the first-named vessel), and of somewhat smaller dimensions, so as to leave
a clear space between the sides, ends, and bottom of the two vessels. Within
the innermost of said vessels I adapt a vibrating framing, having its fulcra on
pins or pivots working, in the ends of innermost case, said vibrating frame
extends nearly to the bottom of this case, and is furnished with rods or
spindles of wood fixed vertically at each side of the central supports of said
vibrating frame, and into pieces of wood fixed lengthwise of such said frame at
top and bottom thereof, and working within the aforesaid innermost case. In
front of each set of rods or spindles I place and adjust a grating, so that in
cross section the lower portion of this framing is of the shape of a kite. I also

page_text: adapt two cocks to the churn, one of such said cocks communicating with the
innermost vessel aforesaid for drawing off the buttermilk, and the other cock
communicating with the space or chamber between the two vessels for drawing
off the water placed therein, either hot or cold, according to the weather. By
thus constructing churns butter can be made without handling the butter
during the process as commonly practised, a larger quantity and better quality
of butter can be obtained from a given quantity of milk. The churn is more
convenient to work and cleanse, and the operation less laborious than
heretofore.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said John Halliwell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HALLIWELL, of Baslow, Derbyshire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight bundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said. John Halliwell, Her special licence that I, the said John Halliwell, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Halli-
well, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Mau, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Halliwell, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Halliwell, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-

page_text: This Invention consists in constructing churns in the following manner :-I
form a hollow vessel, the ends whereof serve to support same; within this
vessel I place and fix another similarly shaped vessel (as regards the interior
of the first-named vessel) and of somewhat smaller dimensions, so as to leave a
clear space between the sides and bottom of the two vessels. Within the
innermost of said vessels I adapt a vibrating framing, having its fulcra on
pins or pivots working in the ends of innermost case, said vibrating frame
extends nearly to the bottom of this case, and is furnished with rods or
spindles of wood fixed vertically at each side of the central supports of said
vibrating frame, and into pieces of wood fixed lengthwise of such said frame at
top and bottom thereof, and working within the aforesaid innermost case. In
front of each set of rods or spindles I place and adjust a grating, so that in:
cross section the lower portion of this framing is of the shape of a kite. I also.
adapt two cocks to the churn, one of such said cocks communicating with the
innermost vessel aforesaid for drawing off the buttermilk, and the other cock
communicating with the space or chamber between the two vessels for drawing
off the water placed therein, either hot or cold, according to the weather. By
thus constructing churns butter can be made without handling the butter
during the process as commonly practised, a larger quantity and better quality
of butter can be obtained from a given quantity of milk. The churn is
more convenient to work and cleanse, and the operation less laborious than
heretofore.
In order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible, I now
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative Sheet of
Drawings accompanying these Presents, and to the numeral figures and letters
of reference marked thereon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved churn; Figure 2, a side
elevation of same; Figure 3, a transverse and vertical section through the
line A, B, at Figure 1; Figures 4 and 5 respectively exhibit a front and side
elevation (drawn to an enlarged scale) of a portion of the churn herein-after
particularly described and referred to. At each of the foregoing Figures [
employ similar letters of reference to denote corresponding parts, in so far as
such parts appear or can be seen at each of such said Figures respectively.
A, A, is a wooden vessel, within which is fixed another vessel B of smaller
dimensions than the vessel A, so as to leave a space at C between the two
vessels, into which hot or cold water may be placed through the funnel D;

page_text: E, a lever or swing dash formed of wood, the parts marked a, a, are of wood,
and those marked 6 are of sheet zinc of the shape exhibited at Figure-4;
G, G, are pivots fitting into holes in the ends of the vessel A, serving as fulcra
for the dash E to vibrate upon. The operator has simply to place the milk in.
the vessel B to.charge the chamber C with either hot or cold water, according
to the temperature of the atmosphere, and then impart backward and
forward movement to the dash E. The top of the churn may be enclosed by
lids at X, X:
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention of "Improvements in Churns," together with the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into practica effect, I would remark,
in conclusion, that I hereby declare my Invention to consist in and I clain
constructing churns in the manner above described, with reference to the
several Figures of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings as constituting im-
provements in churns.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Halliwell, have hereunto set my
⚫ hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
T
JOHN HALLIWEL (L.S.)