IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Henry Lovell, of 3, Gray's Inn Square,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS."-A communication from
T
11
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry
Lovell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 10th September 1874.
I, CHARLES HENRY LOVELL, of 3, Gray's Inn Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the design and manufacture
of sleepers and other parts of permanent way.

page_text: steel; some of the parts may however if desired be made or
iron.
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The advantages obtained are as follows:-The form of sleeper gives a
maximum of strength, allows of their use with either sand, kunker, or
any other class of ballast, of their being worked over by locomotives |
immediately the permanent way is linked in on the formation level, and
of their being packed one inside the other without risk or injury, with
economy of stowage by sea and land carriage.
The depression in the top of the sleeper gives the cant to the rail, at
the same time secures the foot from moving out of its true position, thus
affording considerable additional security.
The compressed felt under the foot of the rail checks vibration and
prevents the resulting destructive action on the rolling stock and
permanent way.
The eye bolt arrangement prevents play or movement, and affords a:
perfect connection between the different parts of the permanent way, at
the same time it gives an elasticity in the clip fastening, which tends to
prevent the nut working loose. A less expensive, although not so
efficient a fastening is shown by bolts marked B.
The shank of the eye bolt and the holes in the sleepers and clips are
square to prevent the latter working off the foot of the rail. The clip
nuts are the same as those on the fish-plate bolts to admit of one size of
spanner only being required on line,
"
The split key and notched cotter of different widths admits of the
gauge between the rails being widened round sharp curves, thus when
the keys are placed inside the rails are true to gauge, but by removing
the key and placing the cotter inside with the key on the outside the
gauge is widened one-quarter of an inch. This arrangement removes
an existing defect in iron roads of a fixed guage, which resulted in
unnecessary wear and tear on rolling stock and permanent way.
1
The general arrangement admits of the line being linked in without
skilled labor with a minimum of tools, great rapidity, and perfect
accuracy.
The process of laying is as follows:-The sleepers being turned on
edge the eye bolts are put in place, the tie bar is then passed through.

page_text: The notched cotter is placed on the outside of the sleeper in the slot in
the tie, and the sleeper is then pulled back, and the split key driven' in
and turned up; a similar process is then gone through in fixing the
second sleeper. The pair thus tied and secured together are laid out
by line and gauge rod in their approximately true position. The rails
are then placed in the recessed seat, and the fish plates fixed. The
inner and outer clips are put on over the bolts, and the nuts partly
screwed down. The line is adjusted, straightened, and the clip nuts
finally tightened up. The road is then ready for the engine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Henry Lovell in the Great Seal Patent
.
Office on the 10th March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
HENRY LOVELL, of 3, Gray's Inn Square, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Tenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Henry Lovell, Her
special license that I, the said Charles Henry Lovell, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Henry Lovell, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Thomas Lovell, of Lucknow, C.E., upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Henry Lovell, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal

page_text: Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Henry Lovell, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the design and manufacture
of sleepers and other parts of permanent way.
The arrangements are fully and clearly shewn in the annexed
Drawings. The material employed is to be wrought iron or Bessemer
steel; some of the parts may however if desired be made of cast
iron.
The advantages obtained are as follows:-The form of sleeper gives a
maximum of strength, allows of their use with either sand, kunker, or
any other class of ballast, of their being worked over by locomotives
immediately the permanent way is linked in on the formation level, and
of their being packed one inside the other without risk or injury, with
economy of stowage by sea and land carriage.
The depression in the top of the sleeper gives the cant to the rail, at
the same time secures the foot from moving out of its true position, thus
affording considerable additional security.
The compressed felt under the foot of rail checks vibration and
prevents the resulting destructive action on the rolling stock and
permanent way.
The cye bolt arrangement prevents play or movement, and affords a
perfect connection between the different parts of the permanent way, at
the same time it given an clasticity in the clip fastening, which tends to
prevent the nut working loose. A less expensive although not so
efficient a fastening is shewn by bolts marked B.
The shank of the eye bolt and the holes in the sleepers and clips are.
square to prevent the latter working off the foot of the rail. The clip
nuts are the same as those on the fish-plate bolts to admit of one size of
spanner only being required on line.
The split key and notched cotter of different widths admits of the
gauge between the rails being widned round sharp curves, thus when

page_text: the keys are placed inside the rails are true to gauge, but by removing
the key and placing the cotter inside with the key on the outside the
gauge is windened of an inch. This arrangement removes an existing
defect in iron roads of a fixed gauge, which resulted in unnecessary wear
and tear on rolling stock and permanent way.
The general arrangement admits of the line being linked in without
skilled labour with a minimum of tools, great rapidity, and perfect
accuracy.
The process of laying is as follows:-The sleepers being turned on
edge the eye bolts are put in place, the tie bar is then passed through.
The notchod cotter is placed on the outside of the sleeper in the slot in
the tie, and the sleeper is then pulled back and the split key driven in
and turned up; a similar process is then gone through in fixing the
second sleeper. The pair thus tied and secured together are laid out by
line and gauge rod in their approximately true position. The rails are
then placed in the recessed seat, and the fish plates fixed. The inner
and outer clips are put on over the bolts, and the nuts partly screwed
down. The line is adjusted, straightened, and the clip nuts finally
tightened up. The road is then ready for the engine.
I claim the construction of the permanent way of railways, sub-
stantially as shewn in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Henry Lovell, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.