IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FORKS AND SPOONS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Challiner, of Winco Road, Grimesthorpe,
in the Parish of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FORKS
AND SPOONS."
Sealed the 7th January 1870, and dated the 13th October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Challiner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th October 1869.
I, WILLIAM CHALLINER, of Winco Road, Grimesthorpe, in the
Parish of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manufacturer, do hicreby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FORKS AND SPOONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in the manufacture of
steel forks (or forks made of metals or alloys of metals which require to
be worked in a heated state) the handles of which are formed

page_text: обрихаль
thereto.
In order to form a fork according to this part of the Invention
I first take a square bar or rod of steel or other metal of sufficient size,
which I heat to the desired redness; the rod is then forged into what is
known in the trade as a "mood." I then place the "mood" between a
pair of "prints" to round the "shank" and "boulster." The "mood"
is then placed between a pair of dies, which are so sunk or formed that
when "struck" they may mould or shape the "mood" to the required
shape to form the prongs, shanks, and boulsters at one and the same
time. The mood after being thus operated upon is placed a second
time between a pair of "prints," which are so formed that when "struck"
to convert the boulsters from a round to an oval or other shape as
required. After the "mood" has been thus stamped and operated upon
the surplus metal or "fash" which surrounds and occupies part of the
space between the prongs is cut away by cutters placed in "flies," and
when the prongs have been thus stamped and cut they are opened out
and filed on their insides; they are then again closed as required,
reheated, and afterwards hardened and tempered; the forks are then
ground and glazed, and finally burnished and dressed between the
prongs.
In some cases the order of placing the "moods" in the "prints" may
be varied.
My Invention relates, secondly, to the manufacture of steel "spoon
forks" or " spoon forks
formed of metals or alloys of metals which
require to be worked in a heated state.
In order to form a "spoon fork" or a series of "
spoon forks"
according to this modification of the Invention I first roll a bar of
metal into a flat sheet of the required thickness; the sheet thus
formed is then cut up into strips or blanks of the required size;
the blanks are then reheated and placed between rolls having grooves
in their circumference in order to prepare the strips or blanks for
stamping. The surface of the rolls may be so formed as to give a
greater or less thickness to the strips or blanks at different parts. The
strips or blanks after being thus operated upon are placed between dies
and stamped to the desired shape to form the various parts of the fork.
The surplus metal or fash remaining affixed to the outside and
inside of the prongs is then cut away by cutters affixed to "flies."

page_text: The prongs are then opened out and filed on their insides. The fork is
then hardened and tempered after which it is ground and glazed and
polished.
My Invention relates, thirdly, to the manufacture of steel spoons or
spoons formed of metals or alloys of metals which require to be worked
in a heated state.
In order to form a spoon or series of spoons according to this
part of the Invention I first roll a bar of metal into a flat sheet
(as in making spoon forks), which I cut into strips or blanks, which are
then reheated and placed between rolls with grooves in their circum-
ference. The rolls, as in making "spoon forks," may be arranged to
give greater or less thickness to the metal at various parts. The strips
or blanks are then placed between dies of the desired form and stamped;
the surplus metal remaining round the spoon is then cut away by
cutters affixed to "flies," the spoon is then hardened & tempered,
after which it is ground, glazed, and polished. The metal between its
various stages of manufacture will be reheated as required.
My Invention relates, fourthly, to the manufacture of " spoon forks"
of silver or other soft metals which are capable of being worked in a cold
state.
The metal according to this modification is first rolled into a sheet
and cut into strips or blanks, as in manufacturing spoon forks from
steel or metals or alloys of metals requiring to be worked in a heated
state. The blanks are then what is called "cross rolled," that is, passed
between rolls a second time in a direction at an angle to that at which
they were previously rolled. The strips or blanks are then passed
between grooved rollers, which may be arranged to give greater or less
thickness to the strips or blanks as before described; the strips or blanks
are then placed between dies and stamped to form the various parts of
the fork; the surplus metal remaining affixed to the outside and inside of
the
prongs and to the other parts of the fork is then cut away by cutters
affixed to "flies;" the prongs will then be filed up on the inside and the
whole fork filed or ground and polished.
The fifth modification of my Invention relates to the manufacture of
silver spoons or spoons formed of soft metals which do not require to be
worked in a heated state. In the formation of spoons of these descrip-
tions of metals I roll the metal into sheets, cut it into strips or
blanks, "cross roll" the strips or blanks, and pass them between grooved

page_text: rollers; the strips or blanks are then stamped to form the various parts
(as described in making spoon forks of this description of metal), the
surplus metal or "fash" will then be cut away, and the spoon will be
filed or ground and polished.
Forks or spoons formed according to the various modifications of this
Invention may be afterwards coated with other metals if desired. Pressure
to the various parts may be obtained by "striking" by hand or by steam
or other power.
The mould or form required to produce the various parts of the forks
or spoons according to the various modifications of this Invention may
be sunk or formed either in the die or counter die as desired, and when
manufacturing "carving" or "cook" forks the dies are arranged to form
the guard holes at the same time that the other parts of such forks are
stamped or formed.