A ROTATING HYDRAULIC MANGLE
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Gebauer, of Charlottenburg, in the
Kingdom of Prussia, for the Invention of "A ROTATING HYDRAULIC
MANGLE."
Sealed the 17th July 1874, and dated the 24th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Gebauer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th January 1874.
I, FREDERIC GEBAUER, of Charlottenburg, in the Kingdom of
"A
Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
ROTATING HYDRAULIC MANGLE," to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is the construction of an improved
mangle to be used in the finishing process of cotton, linen, and other
woven materials for imparting to the same the lustre requisite for a
saleable article as well as to produce watered or tabbied goods.
The mangles generally in use at the present time are constructed of
wood, and consist of a table on which a loaded box is moved in a

page_text: reciprocating manner, whilst the rollers with the cloth that is to be
mangled are placed between the two. There are, however, many
inconveniences connected with this plan of construction. The main
disadvantages of the old mangle are:--The large space which the same
occupies; the considerable wear and tear and the instability consequent
upon the construction of wood; the weight of the required gearing; the
injurious influence on the driving gear of the concussions caused by the
sudden change of motion of the mangle-box heavily loaded and moving
at a high rate of speed; and lastly, the expense of the arrangement
itself with the requisite strong foundation and large building.
None of these disadvantages will be found in the new rotating
mangle, which requires only about the tenth part of the room of the
old mangle; repairs will rarely be necessary in the same on account of
its construction of iron; the gearing is simple; the speed regular; the
attendance presents no difficulty; and lastly, the arrangement is much
less expensive.
As to the effect with regard to the cloth the pressure in the old style
of mangle is restricted to the weight of the mangle-box, besides this the
cloth on the rollers is liable to be creased by the reversing and the tilting
of the box, such creases being pressed into the material and injuring the
elegance of the same. The rotating mangle delivers a creaseless even
article, and the pressure as well as the speed can be regulated during
the working according to the indications of pressure gauge and counter
as may be required, so that therefrom considerable advantages may bo
derived for the finishing process in the manufacture of cotton and linen
fabrics.
The improved mangle has two rotating cylinders constructed of cast
iron or other suitable material. One of these cylinders, by preference
the upper one, turns in fixed bearings, whilst the bearings of the other
one can be lifted or lowered in proper guides. Both cylinders turn at
the same circumferential speed, so that a roller with cloth brought
between the two will revolve with them. The pressure amounting to
30 tons or more, as well as the lifting and lowering of the lower
cylinder, is caused by two hydraulic presses duly connected to the
framing of the machine, whilst the pistons of such presses act upon the
bearings of the cylinder.
The upper cylinder may be put into rotative motion by any common

page_text: moved up and down, requires a special arrangement. It has been pre-
ferred to drive both cylinders from a first shaft placed sideward of the
former. Three spur wheels (of which the second is an intermediate
one) communicate motion and power from the first shaft to the upper
cylinder. The same is the case with the lower cylinder, but with this
difference, that whilst the aforesaid intermediate spur wheel turns on a
fixed spindle or on a shaft in fixed bearings, the intermediate spur wheel
of the lower cylinder turns on a spindle which is free to move laterally
to a certain extent, but so as not to interfere with the true gearing of
the wheels. For this purpose the movable spindle is connected to the
first shaft by coupling links, which limit the path of motion of the
former, together with that of the intermediate spur wheel, to a circle
around the axis of the first shaft. In a similar way the movable spindle
is connected to the gudgeons of the lower cylinder, so that the distance
between the two will always remain the same. In consequence of this
arrangement the lower cylinder may be raised or lowered at pleasure
without disturbing the correctness of the gearing, the two pairs of
coupling links closing or opening like the shanks of two pairs of
compasses.
For the purpose of keeping the roller with the cloth in its place
during the process of mangling two large annular discs are provided,
one on either side of the lower cylinder, which can be turned on a
number of small discs or sheaves revolving on studs fixed to the
frame. The aforesaid large discs have ribs on their inner sides forming
slots to take up the cloth rollers. One of the latter being brought into
the corresponding slots, and the discs having been turned by hand and
fixed by a pair of pawls so that the slots with the cloth roller stand
properly between the two cylinders, the mangling may commence.
the pressure increases the cloth roller is raised in the slots of the disc
without impediment to its revolving. After releasing the pressure the
discs may be turned so as to bring a new cloth roller between the
cylinders.
As
The two hydraulic presses are connected to a pump which may be
moved by hand or by other motive power, but in themselves they do not
present any novelty in their construction.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederic Gebauer in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERIC
GEBAUER, of Charlottenburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Frederic Gebauer, Her special licence that
I, the said Frederic Gebauer, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Frederic Gebauer, my exccutors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A ROTARY HYDRAULIC
MANGLE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederic
Gebauer, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
⚫manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederic Gebauer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
-
The object of this Invention is the construction of an improved
mangle to be used in the finishing process of cotton, linen, and other
woven materials for imparting to the same the lustre requisite for a
saleable article as well as to produce watered or tabbied wares.
The mangles generally in use at the present time are constructed of
wood, and consist of a table on which a loaded box is moved in a
reciprocating manner, whilst the rollers with the cloth that is to be

page_text: mangled are placed between the two. There are, however, such incon-
veniencies connected with this construction that an improvement has
long been considered a desideratum. The main disadvantages of the old
mangle are:-The large space which the same occupies; the considerable
wear and tear and the instability consequent upon the construction of
wood; the heaviness of the required gearing; the injurious influence on
the driving gear of the concussions caused by the sudden change of
motion of the mangle-box loaded up to 30 tons and moving at a speed
of 1 foot 8 in. in the second, and lastly, the expensiveness of the
arrangement itself with the requisite strong foundation and large
building.
None of these disadvantages will be found in the new rotating
mangle. The same requires only about the tenth part of the room of
the old mangle; repairs will rarely occur in the same on account of its
solid construction of iron; the gearing for the same is simple; the speed
regular; the attendance presents no difficulty; and lastly, the arrange-
ment is incomparably cheaper.
As to the effect with regard to the cloth the pressure in the old stylo
of mangle is restricted to the weight of the mangle-box, besides this
the cloth on the rollers is apt to be creased by the reversing and tho
tilting of the box, such creases being pressed into the ware and injuring
the elegance of the same. On the other side the rotating mangle
delivers a throughout creaseless even ware, and the pressure, as well as
the speed, can be regulated during the working according to the
indications of pressure gauge and counter as may be required, so that
herefrom considerable advantages may be derived for the finishing
process in the manufacture of cotton and linen fabrics.
The newly invented mangle which is the subject of this Specification
is constructed throughout of iron and metal. It consists, in the first
place, of two rotating cylinders made of cast iron or other proper
material, and for sake of convenience placed one above the other. In
the annexed Sheet of Drawings these are marked by the letters A
and A 1. One of these cylinders, by preference the upper one A, turns
in fixed bearings, whilst the bearings e, e, of the other i, e, in this case
the lower one can be lifted or lowered in proper guides. Both cylinders
turn at the same circumferential speed and in the same sense, so that a
roller with cloth brought between the two will revolve with them. The

page_text: pressure amounting up to 30 tons and above, as well as the lifting and
lowering of the lower cylinder A³, is caused by two hydraulic presses
c and c¹, the cylinders of which are connected to the framing of the
machine by four bolts d, whilst the pistons of these presses act upon the
bearings e, e, of the lower mangling cylinder A 1.
The upper cylinder A may be put into rotative motion by any common
mode of gearing, but the lower cylinder to attain the faculty of being
moved up and down requires a special arrangement. It has been pre-
ferred to drive both cylinders from a first shaft v placed sideward of the
former. On this shaft is keyed a spur wheel Z, from which motion is
transmitted to the upper cylinder by means of the intermediate spur
wheel Zi turning on the fixed spindle 7, and the spur wheel ZIII, keyed
on the axis of the cylinder. The lower cylinder is made to revolve in a
similar way, but with that difference, that whilst the aforesaid inter-
mediate spur wheel turns on a fixed spindle (or, if preferred, on a shaft
in fixed bearings) the intermediate spur wheel Zu of the lower cylinder
turns on a spindle 6, which is free to move laterally to a certain extent,
but so as not to interfere with the true gearing of the wheels. For this
purpose the moveable spindle 6 is connected to the first shaft v by the
coupling links fi and fiv, which limit the path of motion of the former
together with that of the intermediate spur wheel Zn to a circle around
the axis of the first shaft. In a similar way the moveable spindle 6 is
connected to the gudgeons of the lower cylinder by means of the
coupling links fi and fin, so that the distance between the two will
always remain the same. The lower ends of the coupling links fun and
fin, have been keyed fast on the spindle b, whilst the other ends of these,
as well as of the links fi and fir, form loose bearings. In consequence
of the described arrangement the lower cylinder may be raised or
lowered at pleasure without disturbing the correctness of the gearing,
the two pairs of coupling links closing or opening like the shanks of
two pairs of compasses.
For the purpose of keeping the roller with the cloth in its place
during the process of mangling, two large annular discs t, t, are pro-
vided, one on either side of the lower cylinder, which can be turned on
a number of small discs or sheaves ", r, revolving on studs fixed to the
frame. The discs t, t, are connected together by several stays u; they
have ribs on their inner sides forming slots o, o, for the purpose of
taking up the cloth rollers from the inclined trestles w, and to serve as

page_text: guides for the same. One of the rollers having, by its own weight, fallen
from the trestles into one of the corresponding pairs of slots, and the
discs having been turned by hand and fixed by the palls k, k³, so that
the slots with the cloth roller stand properly between the two cylinders
the mangling may commence. As the pressure increases the cloth
roller is raised in the slots of the disc without impediment to its
revolving. After releasing the pressure the discs may be turned so as
to bring a new cloth roller between the cylinders.
The two hydraulic presses c and c¹ are connected to the pump p by
means of the pipes 9 and h; to the latter is joined the branch connection
for the pressure gauge m. The pump is furnished with two plungers, so
that it may be worked from the machine or by hand. As a guide for
the duration of the mangling process, which varies according to the
quality of the cloth, a revolution counter y has been fitted to the
machine, being driven from the upper cylinder.
Having now described the nature and object of my Invention, and in
what manner the same may be put into practice, I hereby declare that I
do not bind myself to all the details described in the foregoing, but that
I claim as novel and important points of my Invention,-
First. The construction of a mangle for the purpose of mangling
linen, cotton, or other woven materials, in which this process is executed
by means of two revolving cylinders made of iron or other proper
material, one of these cylinders being arranged so that its distance from
the second cylinder may be varied, and the rollers with cloth intro-
duced between the two be compressed during the rotation, as herein
described.
Second. The application of one or more hydraulic presses for varying
the distance between the aforesaid revolving cylinders and for excrcising
a pressure upon the material to be mangled, as described.
Third. The arrangement in the aforesaid mangle of transmitting
rotative motion to the cylinder with moveable bearings by means of
an intermediate spur wheel revolving on a spindle or with a shaft con-
nected to the first shaft, and to the axis of the cylinder by means of
coupling links, as described.
Fourth. The combination of the annular discs having slots on their
inner surfaces with the inclined trestles for the purpose of bringing the

page_text: rollers with cloth between the cylinders, and to keep them in their place
during the mangling process, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Gebauer, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.