IN APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CASTING METAL PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR HOLLOW OR TUBULAR ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Elisha Hunt, of Newport, in the County of
"IMPROVEMENTS
Monmouth, Iron and Brass Founder, for the Invention of
IN APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CASTING METAL PIPES AND
OTHER SIMILAR HOLLOW OR TUBULAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 24th May 1878, and dated the 28th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Elisha Hunt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1877.
JOSEPH ELISHA HUNT, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, Iron and
Brass Founder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN
CASTING METAL PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR HOLLOW OR TUBULAR ARTICLES."
This Invention relates more particularly to the casting of metal pipes in hori-
zontal moulds with loam cores of a diameter ranging say, from one to ten inches,
more or less, and consists of certain improved "chaplets" or thickness studs of
improved means for indicating the correct position of the thickness stud in the core;
also of an improved construction and arrangement of the cross bar of the upper
moulding box applicable to existing and to new boxes for the purpose of carrying
the adjustable screw or pin.
rr
According to my Invention I make the thickness studs or chaplets" of cast
iron, the top part or thickness piece being of the same height as the distance
between the core and the mould, such part having moreover a number of deep
annular grooves cast therein to enable it to adhere more securely to the cast metal
around it. The lower part or shank of my improved thickness stud is according to
one form made square and tapering to a point or nearly so at its lower end, and
reduced in thickness at the part where it joins the bottom of the thickness piece in
order to facilitate the separation of the said shank on the removal of the core bar or
core iron; the pointed form of the shank facilitates the driving of the same through
the outer covering of the core bar until it takes a direct bearing upon the surface of
the said bar or iron; or I make the shank cylindrical, with a flat end, but having its

page_text: "
diameter reduced at the part where it joins the head of the thickness piece for the
purpose before specified. In all cases the length of the shank should be equal to the
distance from the face of the core of the internal core bar. By making these
chaplets" or distance studs of cast iron with annular grooves therein, they unite
more homogeneously and firmly with the corresponding metal of the casting and
cannot possibly be detached, whilst all risk of blistering of the metal and of leakage
round the stud is entirely obviated.
With a view to ensure the correct position of my improved or other distance studs
in the cores I employ an indicator consisting of a piece of semicircular arched brass
or other metal made to fit accurately over the surface of the core after it has been
placed in position in the lower half of the mould, the said indicator having a guide
hole made therein at the top of the arch, through which hole the thickness stud is
passed when being inserted into the core. The indicator is further provided with
adjusting points or marks at the part where it rests upon the edges of the lower
mould box, which points on being adjusted so as to correspond with other marks or
notches in the edge of the mould box ensure the correct position of the thickness
stud. If made with a pointed shank the said stud is simply driven at once through
the centre of the hole in the indicator until its point reaches the metal core bar, or,
if made with a rounded stem, it is inserted into a hole drilled to receive it in the
core through the hole in the indicator. Round the said guide hole in the indicator
there is formed a pan or sunk recess with raised vertical sides to receive the dust
when boring the hole and thereby prevent it from falling into the mould.
The cross bar of the upper mould box carries an adjustable screw or a pin working
over double-inclined surfaces cast on the cross bar, for the purpose as is well known
of holding down the core, by causing the lower end of such adjustable screw or pin
to bear upon the head of the thickness piece.
According to another part of my Invention I propose in the case of existing
mould boxes to attach by means of bolts, rivets, or otherwise, a bracket to the said
cross bars, such bracket having a projecting snug to receive the adjustable screw or
pin. A circular piece is cut out from the old cross bar to correspond with the said
bracket and allow the head of the adjustable screw or pin to turn round. In new
moulding boxes I make the cross bar recessed or sunk sufficiently far to admit
the head of the adjustable screw or pin below the level of the edges of the mould
box.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Elisha Hunt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th May
1878.
JOSEPH ELISHA HUNT, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, Iron and
Brass Founder. " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN
CASTING METAL PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR HOLLOW OR TUBULAR ARTICLES."
My said Invention relates more particularly to the casting of metal pipes or hollow
castings in horizontal or vertical moulds with loam or other cores of a diameter
ranging, say, from one so ten inches, more or less, and consists of certain improved
chaplets or thickness studs of improved means for indicating the correct position
of the thickness stud in the core; also of certain improvements adapted to the cross
bar of the upper moulding box, more particularly applicable to existing boxes for
the purpose of carrying the adjustable screw or pin.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the
several Figures on the explanatory Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figures 1 and 2, and 2ª of my Drawings represent full sized elevations of my
improved "chaplets," "stops," or thickness studs.
According to this part of my Invention I make the thickness studs or "chaplets,"
which may be of wrought, cast, or malleable iron, of a peculiar form, the top part or
thickness piece a being of the same height as the distance between the core and the
mould, and such part having moreover a number of deep annular grooves, cast or
otherwise formed therein, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, to enable it to adhere more
securely to the cast metal around it (see also Figure 3). The lower part or shank b
of my improved thickness stud may be either round or square, and flat at the point,
or made sharp.
According to one form I make the shank square and tapering to a point or nearly
so (Figure 2) at its lower end, and reduced in thickness at the part where it joins
the thickness piece a, in order to facilitate the separation of the said shank on the
removal of the core bar or core iron, as shown in Figure 3. The pointed form of the
shank facilitates the driving of the same through the outer covering of the core bar
until it takes a direct bearing upon the surface of the said bar or iron. I sometimes
make the shank cylindrical, with a flat end (see Figure 2), but having its diameter
reduced, as already described, at the part where it joins the thickness piece a, for
the purpose before specified. In all cases the length of the shank should be equal to
the distance from the face of the core to the internal core bar or core iron.
By making these "chaplets" or distance studs of cast iron with annular grooves
therein, they unite more homogeneously and firmly with the corresponding metal c
of the casting (Figure 3), and cannot possibly be detached, whilst all risk of blistering
of the metal, gathering of "scruff," and of leakage round the stud is entirely
obviated.
Figure 4 of my Drawings represents a side elevation and partial longitudinal
section of an upper and lower mould box and internal core suitable for pipe casting,
and shows the mode of using or applying my improved "chaplets"; Figure 5 is a
corresponding transverse section taken along the line A-B, in Figure 4; and
Figure 6 is a plan of the upper mould box with its cross bar and the well-known.
adjustable screw or pin for holding down the core.
a is the thickness piece; b, the shank which penetrates the outer covering of the
core and rests upon the internal metal core bar or core iron d; e is the lower mould
box, and the upper mould box fitted together in the well-known manner; g is the
cross bar of the upper mould box which carries an adjustable screw h (Figures 4
and 5), or a pin h¹ working over double inclined surfaces cast on the cross bar, as
shown at Figures 7 and 8, for the purpose, as is well known, of holding down the

page_text: core by causing the lower end of such adjustable screw or pin to bear upon the head
of the thickness piece a.
I propose in the case of existing mould boxes to attach by means of bolts, rivets,
or otherwise a bracket i (see Figures 9 and 10) to the said cross bar g, such bracket
having a projecting snug to receive the adjustable screw or pin h. A circular piece
is or may be cut out from the side of the old cross bar to correspond with the said
bracket and allow the head of the adjustable screw or pin to turn round. In new
moulding boxes I make the cross bar recessed or sunk sufficiently far to admit the
head of the adjustable screw or pin below the level of the edges of the mould box, as
shown clearly at % in Figures 4 and 5.
With a view to ensure the correct position of my improved or other distance studs
in the cores I employ an indicator, shown applied in Figures 11 and 12, which
represent respectively a plan and cross section of the lower mould box e. This
indicator consists of a piece of semicircular arched brass or other metal / made to fit
accurately over the surface of the core after it has been placed in position in the
lower half of the mould, the said indicator having a guide hole m (Figure 11) made
therein at the top of the arch, through which hole the thickness stud a is passed
when being inserted into the core. The indicator is further provided with adjusting
points n, n, or marks at the part where it rests upon the edges of the lower mould
box, which points on being adjusted so as to correspond with other marks or notches
in the edge of the mould box ensure the correct position of the thickness stud. If
made with a pointed shank the said stud is simply driven at once through the
centre of the hole in the indicator until its front reaches the metal core bar or core
iron; or if made with a rounded stem it is inserted into a hole drilled to receive it in
the core through the hole in the indicator. Round the said guide hole, in the
indicator, there is formed a pan or sunk recess o with raised vertical sides to
receive the dust when boring the hole, and thereby prevent it from falling into the
mould.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,―
First. The peculiar construction and arrangement of the chaplets, stops, or distance
pieces, substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by my Drawings.
Secondly. The attaching to the cross bars of mould boxes of a bracket with pro-
jecting snug to receive the adjusting screw or pin, as described.
Thirdly. The application and use of the peculiar indicator or its equivalent for
ensuring the correct position of my improved or other distance studs, substantially
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Elisha Hunt, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JOSEPH ELISHA HUNT. (L.S.)