IMPROVEMENTS IN CUPOLA FURNACES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hinton, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Furnace Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CUPOLA FURNACES."
Sealed the 24th August 1860, and dated the 20th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hinton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
June 1860.
I, GEORGE HINTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Furnace
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CUPOLA FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in substituting in place of the ordinary
tuyeres two rows of tuyeres, one row being situated immediately over the
other. The said two rows of tuyeres are placed at or about the positions
occupied by the tuyeres in the ordinary cupola furnace. Each of the said
rows of tuyeres consists by preference of eight separate tuyeres, and the tuyeres
of each row communicate with an annular channel or chamber surrounding
the furnace. A blast pipe is connected with each of the said channels, and by
means of valves in the said blast pipes either one or both rows of tuyeres can
be worked at pleasure.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following method of constructing
the bodies of cupola furnaces:-I make the bosh or bush of the cupola furnace,

page_text: that is, the part situated a short distance above the tuyeres, of nearly double
the diameter of that part into which the tuyeres open. The enlarged part is
nearly of a globular form, and above the enlarged part the furnace contracts to
nearly one half the diameter of the enlarged part, the said contracted part
being cylindrical, and about three times the height of the enlarged part. At
the summit of the cylindrical part is a second enlargement somewhat greater
in diameter than the lower one, the said second enlarged part being surmounted
by a taper or conical chimney.
Cupola furnaces constructed according to my Invention are more convenient
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Hinton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HINTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Furnace Manager,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Hinton, Her special licence that I, the said George Hinton, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Hinton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CUPOLA FURNACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Hinton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Ilinton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in substituting in place of the ordinary
tuyeres in cupola furnaces for foundry and other purposes, two rows of tuyeres,
one row being situated immediately over the other, as herein-after described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing. The said two rows of tuyeres are
placed at or about the positions occupied by the tuyeres in the ordinary cupola
furnace. Each of the said rows of tuyeres consists by preference of eight
separate tuyeres, and the tuyeres of each row communicate with an annular
belt channel or chamber surrounding the furnace. A blast pipe is connected
with each of the said channels or chambers, and by means of valves in
the said blast pipes either one or both rows of tuyeres can be worked at
pleasure.
The first part of my Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of a cupola furnace, having a double air
belt or chamber or outer casing, and a double row of tuyeres; Figure 2 is an
elevation of the same; and Figure 3, a sectional plan of the same taken
through the line x.
Figure 1, a is a pipe to supply air from the fan or blast cylinder to the
lower row of tuyeres d, d, the said air or blast passing from the pipe a into the
hollow belt or annular channel h, and from thence to the said tuyeres d, d;
bis another air pipe from the fan or blast cylinder supplying air to the upper
row of tuyeres c, c, the said air or blast passing first into the annular chamber
or belt i, and from thence to the said tuyeres c, c. By means of the valves or
dampers k, l, the quantity of air or blast from the fan or blast cylinder passing
by the pipes a and b to the annular chambers h, i, may either be regulated or
entirely cut off from one or both rows of tuyeres. The upper row of tuyeres c, c,
are slightly inclined upwards, and the lower row of tuyeres d, d, are slightly
inclined downwards, as represented; e is the upper chamber, into which the
cokes and cast iron or metal are placed; fis the charging door, and g the outer
case of the cupola furnace. Although I prefer the use of two rows of tuyeres, as
illustrated in the Drawing, yet I do not limit myself thereto, as one or more
additional rows of tuyeres may be employed where the cupola is large or where
a very bigh temperature is required; neither do I limit myself to the use of
the belts or chambers for supplying the blast to the tuyeres, as each of the said
tuyeres may be supplied direct from the fan or blast cylinder.
By the use of two or more rows of tuyeres arranged in the manner described
and represented, I secure a uniform distribution of air to the various parts of
a cupola furnace, thereby causing the cast iron or metal to be rapidly melted,

page_text: and effecting a great saving in the cokes consumed. The quality of the cast
iron or metal is also improved.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following method of constructing
the bodies of cupola furnaces. I make the bosh or bush of the cupola furnace,
that is, the part situated a short distance above the tuyeres, of nearly double the
diameter of that part into which the tuyeres open. The enlarged part is nearly
of a globular form, and above the enlarged part the furnace contracts to nearly
one half the diameter of the enlarged part, the said contracted part being
cylindrical and extending nearly to the charging door. At the summit of
the cylindrical part is a second enlargement, somewhat greater in diameter than
the lower one, the said second enlarged part being surmounted by a taper or
conical chimney. By constructing the interior of cupola furnaces as described,
a saving of fuel is effected.
Cupola furnaces constructed according to my Invention are more convenient
and economical in use than cupola furnaces of the ordinary construction.
Having now described the nature. of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to. be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim as
my. Invention,-
Firstly, the improvement in cupola furnaces herein first described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, constructing the said
furnaces with two or more rows of tuyeres, one above the other:
Secondly, constructing the interior of the bodies of cupola furnaces as
berein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hinton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
GEORGE HINTON. (L.S.)
Witness,
WILLIAM PINCHIN.