Improvements in Cocks or Valves.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 1st Aug., 1891-
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in Cocks or Valves.
I LOUIS TEDESCO of the firm of Louis Tedesco and Company, of No. 8 Rue,
Taitbout Paris in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The general principles upon which the construction of this cock is based and by
means of which the many defects are avoided which are found in using, the various.
arrangements hitherto introduced are: The divisibility of the shell or casing the
motion of the shutting off disc or body furnished with plane surfaces, in a plane,
which is perpendicular to the axis of the device, the formation of a trough conduit
when the cock is opened by means of the disc or body, the form of the cross'
section of such conduit being maintained through the said body.
The working surfaces of the shell or casing between which the discor..body.
moves are parallel surfaces which constantly produce by the wear out,, fresh surfaces.
which are likewise parallel so that leakages are entirely excluded.
In the following the chief forms of shell and of opening and closing disc or body
will be first described, after which the various forms of discs or bodies, the various
inward and outward tightening means, and the modifications of the device will be
gradually referred to, these modifications referring more particularly to the
formation of the shell and to the manipulation of the disc or body. As shown in
Figures 1 and 2 which are respectively a longitudinal and a cross section of the
cock in its simplest form, the shell or casing consists of two flanged parts.A. A con-,
nected together by three screws a' a' a' furnished with right and left handed threads
and between which the body B is arranged in discous recessed parts a² a² and.is
laid eccentrically to the inner openings a a of the cock or valve.
The body is formed of a circular disc B which is provided with an opening B
corresponding accurately with the cross section of the conduit and arranged.
eccentrically against the centre of the said disc the linear eccentricity. O' o' of ther
latter being equal to the eccentricity 0 O' of the recessed ports a² of the shell or
casing.
=
In consequence of this equation o¹ O' OO the opening B₁ of the disc B.
corresponds in one of its positions with the central openings of the two tubular.
conduits or ends a a so that the two latter communicate with the aid of the disc B
and hence the cock is opened.
The axis of the handle B2 (shown broken off in the drawings) which projects
beyond the shell or casing occupies in the last named position of the cock the.
position O. Each turn of the disc from this position, reduces the opening which
establishes the communication and this disc is finally brought in the position shown
in Figures 1 and 2 in which the cock is closed, the handle B2 reaching now the
position while the connecting central line of the disc and of each of its openings,
passes from the position O¹ y¹ to the position O¹, y².
The two parts of the shell or casing are connected as already stated by the three,
screws furnished with right and left hand thread so that they can when turned be
brought close to or separated from one another. To facilitate this motion, the
screw heads are provided with two perforation perpendicular to one another, in
which perforations a pin may be inserted. It is obvious that these perforated, screw.
heads may be replaced by quadrangular or hexagonal screw heads this however.
would only be advantageous for large sized cocks or valves in which case the screws.
would have a corresponding size. In the cocks shown in Figures 1 and 2 the shell
or casing is screwed on both ends of the conduit, while in other types flanged.com-
nections are used.

page_text: After having generally described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 the principle
of the cock or valve forming the object of this invention, I shall now proceed to
describe the modifications which may be introduced in the various constructive
details commencing with the opening and closing disc or body and with the means
for tightening the cock inside.
This disc or body is shown in its plainest form Figures 1 and 2 and is intended
to be made of metal, vulcanite, celluloid or other suitable material in which the
handle is fixed in any suitable mani er. It will appear obvious, that this typical
device will be adopted in practice with but very few cases, being generally replaced
by the following forms shown in front view and in cross section in Figures 3, 4,
and 5.
The modification shown in Figure 5 differs from the first, owing to the metallic
core of the body being covered on each side with plates c' of elastic material
which are applied between the wall of casing and the metal core c when it is
mounted in position.
The body shown in Figure 3 consists of an elastic disc 2 which is fixed in a
frame carrying the handle B. As the elastic material swells, when the cock is
closed at the ports of covering the openings of the pipe or conduit the plate e is
made slightly biconcave at the parts whereby impingement or projection of the
elastic material within the orifices of the pipes or conduit is obviated in
all cases.
This biconcave shape of the opening and closing body at the parts covering the
orifices or mouths of the cock must be generally adopted in all cases in which a
material is used which is liable to swell.
The body shown in Figure 4 is formed of three eccentric and superposed plates
which are held together in a metallic frame carrying a handle B²; the middle
plate of which consists of clastic material while the two lateral discs are made
of glass or metal. Glass should be used in every case where the nature of the
liquid flowing through the conduit and body precludes the employment of metallic
parts.
In the modifications above referred to, the part of the body covering, when the
cock was closed, the months or openings of the conduit was formed in one piece
with this body, but this construction would not suffice in many cases owing to the
defective tightening obtained therewith.
To secure an inner tightening sufficient for practical requirements, a plug is used
being placed in an opening of the body and between the openings a a of the conduit
or pipe, when the cock is in a closed position. This plug necessitates an altered
construction of the device or body hitherto referred to both of which are shown
in Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9. This plug 13 consists chiefly of a cylinder fitting in a
circular recess of the body and capable of moving axially therein.
This cylinder has a larger diameter than that of the mouths or orifices of the
pipes or conduits a a and its axis coincides with that of the cock when the latter is
closed.
In consequence of this arrangement and when the cock is closed the cylinder is
pushed by the pressure existing on the inflowing side, against the outflow side
whereby the inner tightness is increased by the pressure existing in the conduit.
h
For the purpose of utilizing in the most advantageous manner the principle of
this construction the plug or stopper is made of a metallic capsule (see detail
Figure 18) in the hollow part of which is secured by a screw a body or filling
of clastic material, edges 63 of this capsule projecting beyond the said filling as
specially illustrated in Figure 18. When cock is closed the capsule edge 3 slides
over the packing ring a surrounding the mouth or opening a of the outlet pipe a
and is placed in the closing position against the outer slope of the latter ring, while
at the same time the ring a bears against the elastic filling so that when the
pressure acts at the rear of the plug, the elastic material is pressed against the
-ring at on the one side while on the other the tightening results from the pressure
of the edge of the capsule against the outer slope of the ring.

page_text: To close the inside of the cock tightly enough to withstand the pressure in the
conduit, a ring a' is inserted in the opening of the latter, being pressed when the
pressure is admitted against the plug aforesaid. In cocks of this description which
are under high pressure the case may happen that when opening the cocks a great
resistance may be met with being caused by the edge & sliding with great difficulty
over the ring a owing to the great pressure operating upon the plug. To remedy
this defect, the arrangement shown in Figure 20 may be used. According to the
same the plug B³ is pressed against the inflow opening by a spring fixed on a
projection formed in the opening or cavity of the body B so that when the cock
is closed only the difference between the pressure in the conduit and that of the
spring comes into play.
The modification shown in Figure 19 consists in substituting a ball for the plug in
which case the outlet mouth must be provided with a corresponding seat.
A form of valve or cock departing from the general rule of maintaining the cross
section of the conduit through the cock and the closing disc but answering otherwise
to all the other requirements as to construction and being exclusively applicable to
large size conduits is shown in Figures 8 and 9. The conduit openings are divided
in two parts in the cock forming two channels aa aa to which correspond two
openings B B and two plugs B3 B3 in the disc B.
The axis of rotation O' of the body B is as before eccentric to each of the two
axes OO of the corresponding inner cock openings while the eccentricity of the
openings O¹¹¹ of the body B relatively to its rotary axis is equal to the
distance O O O O between the latter and this axis OO of the inner cock
openings aa aa (in the drawings the axis OO coincides with axis o' o', the cock
being shown in its open position) whereby this cock or valve is really constructed
according to the general principle hereinbefore set forth, notwithstanding the
apparent concentric position of the opening and closing body.
The use of a plug leads as shown in Figures 6 and 8 of the drawings to new
modifications of the body or disc.
In the apparatus shown in these figures the body is not close against the walls of
the shell or casing and is only guided by its projecting edges engaging within
circular grooves a of the casing parts of the cock.
The special outward tightening which is required by this construction will be now
described.
In all cases in which the opening and closing body is guided in extensions of the
body of the cock (Figures 1, 5) especially when elastic material is used in their
The case
manufacture (Figs. 3, 5) a special outward tightening is not necessary.
is however different for the forms of cock shown in Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 where the
outward impermeability is absolutely requisite. This is obtained by inserting
tightening or packing rings d between the opening and closing body B and the
parts of the shell or casing A in special recesses of the latter. These tightening
or packing rings d (Figs. 6 and 8) may be made of any suitable material and need
not be of the rhomboidal cross section shown in Figs. 6 and 8 but should in each
case be selected according to the grooves or recesses a. In Fig. 17 is shown
besides a packing or tightening ring of rhomboidal shape already mentioned, a
second ring having a crescentic cross section which has been found very advan-
tageous, as the pressure acting inside the cavities in the direction of the arrows
has a tendency to bend up the crescent shaped cross section and to flatten
it which causes the packing ring to be pressed against the body and the shell or
casing.
For each class of valve or cock the casing of which is fully closed outwardly a
special tightening of the body is not required. The closed forms of valves can only
be used for large calibres in those cases in which the motion of the opening and
closing body is carried out by mechanical means wherefore they will be described
at the same time as the different modes of imparting motion.
The motion of the disc of the two kinds of valves or cocks above mentioned is
generally effected by means of a handle projecting between the parts of the shell

page_text: t
or casing as has been already stated. When however larger valves are concerned
it may appear desirable to replace this direct by an indirect motion, either for the
purpose of decreasing the effort required to turn the cock or to enable the opening
and closing body to be slowly and uniformly made.
Such a valve or cock of large calibre is shown in Figures 10 and 11 its body: B
being toothed upon a portion of this periphery which engages with a gear wheel m
driven by a shaft m' entering the shell and tightened therein. The shell consists
according to the principle of construction of two parts connected together by means
of flanges.
Another driving means is shown in Figs. 12 and 13 and consists of-an-endless
screw m² gearing with the worm wheel thread formed on the body. The motion
"of this cock can be effected much more conveniently than in the preceding case, as
the shaft mis perpendicular to the conduit and that the placing of a key or
the mounting of a wheel is not impeded by difficulties arising from the -want
of space.
In the latter cases the body is mounted in annular recesses of the shell parts but
each of the abovementioned modifications may be likewise used in this case.
In the
first case the body is represented as turning freely within the shell parts and is secured
in the latter by pivots 6. Figure 14 shows a construction of cock which may be
used more particularly for water mains. The opening and closing body is placed
between the shell parts without being pressed therebetween. At the moment that
the pressure enters the conduit, the packing rings dare pressed by the water against
the said body, the latter being thus tightened outwardly. The manipulation of
this valve is very easy and is accordingly particularly suitable for small outlets of
idrinking water service.
Figures 15 and 16 show a cock wherein automatic closing is effected by a springf
which is cocked when the valve is opened.
The
As already stated the two shell parts are joined by double threaded screws..
dilatation of the opening and closing body which owing to changes of temperature
of the liquid flowing through the conduit may not always have the same cross
-sectional dimensions, makes it appear desirable to allow small variations to take
place in the distance of the shell parts. This is effected as shown in Fig. 21 by
*making the screw thread cut in the shell parts A A wider than p that of the
screw a so that the latter may have a little play in the shell. As long as this play
is not wanted the screw thread convolutions p Fig. 21 are laid, owing to the pressure
of the spring p against the outer walls of the female convolutions and separate in
a proportion equal to the yield of the pressure of the spring to the pressure due- to
the dilatation of the body.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. A-cock or valve the shell or casing of which consists of two. congruent
parts A A-these parts having inner plane peripheral surfaces turned one towards
the other and upon which are the inner mouths or openings a a of the cock, the said
"openings being connected or disconnected by a body B formed outwardly with
plane paralel surfaces.
2A-cock or valve, the shell or casing of which consists of two parts A. A between
the inner peripheral plane surfaces of which a body B formed outwardly with planc
surfaces turns in a plane which is perpendicular to the axis of the inner mouths..or
-openings a a.
3. In a cock or valve such as characterized in Claims 1 and 2 a body B. formed
outwardly with plane surfaces and which turns between the plane peripheral surfaces
of the shell parts upon an axis O! parallel to the axis O of the inner openings a of
the cock or valve.
4 In a body such as 'characterized in Claim 3 an opening B', the cross section
of which coincides with the inner-openings a a of the cock and whose axis O-is from

page_text: the axis O' of the body B at the same distance as the axis O¹ is from the axis O of
the inner openings a a of the cock.
5. An opening or closing body of the kind described in Claims 3 and 4 consisting
of a piece of metal or of clastic material in which the handle B' is fixed in any
suitable manner.
6. An opening or closing body of the kind described in Claims 3 and 4 consisting
of one or more layers of partly flexible and partly rigid material which are held in
a common frame e carrying the handle B3 (Figures 3 and 4).
7. In an opening or closing body consisting of flexible material, enclosed in a
frame (Figure 3) the biconcave formation of the places or parts of the elastic
material which are laid in the closed position of the cock between the inner
openings a a of the latter.
8. In an opening or closing body of the kind described in Claims 3 and 4, a
cylindrical body 133 arranged to fit and move axially in a cylindrical recess or
opening of the body 13 the former body B³ having a larger diameter than that of
the inner openings of the cock and resting exactly between the said two inner
openings when the cock or valve is closed.
9. A cylindrical plug or peg B³ inserted in the body B as characterized in Claim 8
consisting of a metallic capsule (Figure 18) in the cavity of which is fixed by a
screw, a core or filling formed of elastic material beyond which the edges of
the capsule project.
10. In combination with a plug or peg B³ inserted in the body B and characterized
in Claims 8 and 9 a packing a surrounding the edge of the inner outlet opening a
of the cock or valve.
11. In combination with a cylindrical plug or peg B³ inserted in the body as
characterized in Claim 8 a ring a moving in an extension of the inner inflow opening
of the cock and pressed when the latter is closed against the plug or peg 133.
12. In combination with a plug or peg inserted in the body B, a spring placed
upon a projection of the recess of the said body and which presses the plug B³
against the inner inflow opening of the cock (Figure 20).
13. In combination with the body B, the packing rings d (Figures and 8) of
clastic material which are placed in special recesses 'a between the body B and
the inner walls of the shells or casings.
14. In combination with the body B packing rings such as characterized in
Claim 13 of crescent shaped cross section.
15. In combination with the body B packing rings of clastic material placed
in recesses of the inner casing walls and pressed when the cock is closed against the
body B (Figure 14).
16. In combination with the body B a spring f which is cocked when the valve
is opened and automatically turns the said body back in its closed position
(Figure 15).
17. In a valve or cock of the kind characterized in Claims 1 and 2, the motion
of the body B carried out by mechanical means such as an endless screw, a toothed
wheel and the like (Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13).
18. In a cock or valve of the kind characterized in Claims 1 and 2, the suspension
of the body B upon pivots 68 (Figures 10 and 11).
19. In a cock or valve of the form characterized in Claim 1, the connection of the
two parts A A of the shell or casing by right and left hand threaded screws a' by
turning which these two parts can be brought in close proximity to one another or
separated.
20. In combination with right and left hand threaded screws a¹, an axial
extension of the female thread cut in the shell parts A A and the use of the
spring p which presses the screws al against the outer screw threads.
Dated this 9th day of April 1891
AYRTON & THOMAS,
Patent Agents.