Improvements in and in the Construction of Blow Pipes.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Construction of Blow Pipes.
I, WILLIAM MORTON JACKSON, of Great Marlborough Street, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
-
My said invention relates to improvements in and in the construction of blow
pipes used in brazing, heating, welding and analogous processes and has for its
object to produce blow pipes which do not necessarily need handling in per-
forming their work and which at the same times give much more uniform heating
results.
In the ordinary blow pipe at present in use for brazing and kindred operations,
a single orifice or discharge nozzle is provided the gases or the mixed air and
gases being delivered to the pipe under pressure. In working with such a pipe
the operator requires to direct the flame and manipulate the pipe to the work in
hand as is well understood. The handling of the pipe and object under treat-
ment, together with the controlling of the gas require some care and skill and it
will be readily understood that an uniform heating is not so simple of attainment
as is desirable.
According to my invention I construct a blow pipe having a multiplicity of
discharge orifices or heating jets, the jets being so arranged in the pipe as to
completely surround, and play evenly and equally upon the object or substance
to be heated. I prefer to employ a mixture of compressed oxygen and ordinary
coal gas to feed my improved blow pipe the excess pressure contained in the
oxygen cylinder being utilised to compress the hydrogen or coal gas by means of
an injector practically in the manner as set forth in the Specification of Letters
Patent No. 10554 of 1893, granted to myself and The Manchester Oxygen (Brins
Patent) Company Limited.
In a simple form of blow pipe I connect to a suitable injector one or more pipes
which is or are bent or fashioned to a suitable contour for the heating purpose
in view.
From the pipe or pipes the requisite number of heating jets project being as
before stated arranged to surround and evenly heat the object or substance acted
upon, for instance the blow pipe may be bent to a circular formation the jets pro-
jecting radially therefrom.
The jets which have very fine gas orifices are suitably secured to the pipe or
pipes, the pipe or pipes being of a bore or diameter several times the total area of
the outlets of the jets employed so as to ensure an adequate supply of gas to all.
The outlets of the heating jets should not exceed about 12th of an inch in diameter,
the higher the heat required the greater number of jets necessary to a given area.
To prevent the intense heat from too rapidly destroying the pipe with its heating
jets I propose to make the jets sufficiently long to allow the pipe or pipes to stand
at a sufficient distance from the heating object and to enclose or envelope the pipe
and jets in asbestos or other suitable material applied in any suitable manner.
In some cases I may enclose the jets in a water jacket.

page_text: The complete pipe may be fixed over a suitable hearth or the like so that all
the operator requires to do is merely to supply the work and manipulate the gas
tap.
In cases where irregular objects are to be dealt with I might employ two
or more blow pipes each carrying a number of jets which combine to make up the
complete encircling or surrounding series and in such a case one or more of the
pipes might be free to slide or move for facility in introducing or removing work.
Dated this 14th day of July 1898..
...
14
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester.
Improvements in and in the Construction of Blow Pipes.
I, WILLIAM MORTON JACKSON, of The Manchester Oxygen (Brins Patent) Co.
Ltd., of Great Marlborough Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement and accompanying drawings:-
F
My said invention relates to improvements in and in the construction of blow
pipes used in brazing, heating, welding, and analogous processes, and has for its
object to produce. blow pipes which do not necessarily need handling in per-
forming their work and which at the same time give much more uniform heating
results.
In the ordinary blow pipe at present in use for brazing and kindred operations,
a single orifice or discharge nozzle is provided the gases or the mixed air and
gases being delivered to the pipe under pressure. In working with such a pipe
the operator requires to direct the flame and manipulate the pipe to the work in
hand as is well understood. The handling of the pipe and object under treat-
ment, together with the controlling of the gas, require some care and skill and it
will be readily understood that a uniform heating is not so simple of attainment
as is desirable.
According to my invention I construct a blow pipe having a multiplicity of
discharge orifices or heating jets, the jets being so arranged in the pipe as to
completely surround, and play evenly and equally upon the object or substance
to be heated. I prefer to employ a mixture of compressed oxygen and ordinary
coal gas to feed my improved blow pipe the excess pressure contained in the
oxygen cylinder being utilised to compress the hydrogen or coal gas by means of
an injector, practically in the manner as set forth in the Specification of Letters
Patent No. 10554 of 1893, granted to myself and The Manchester Oxygen (Brins
Patent) Company Limited.
My invention will be clearly understood from the following description when
read in conjunction with the annexed sheet of drawings.
In the said drawings:
Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section of a form of blow pipe designed to pro-
duce a circular flame and constructed in accordance with my invention,
Fig. 2 is a plan view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows in detail one method I may employ in manufacturing a blow pipe
having a multiplicity of orifices.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of Fig. 3.

page_text: Fig. 5 shows a form of blow pipe suitable for use in brazing objects of an
approximately circular formation.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view of Fig. 5 taken on the line -.
Fig. 7 illustrates a modified form of pipe somewhat similar to that shown in
Fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of Fig. 7 on the line y—y.
Fig. 9 shows a blow pipe formed in two halves, one being free to slide, so as
to facilitate the introduction and removal of work.
In constructing a form of blow pipe having a multiplicity of gas jets, and from
which a solid flame of any particular shape is required, I first take a suitable
number of small copper tubes a of a convenient length.
The ends of these tubes are preferably closed, either by nipping or in any other
suitable manner, so as to prevent entrance of anything calculated to choke such
tubes. The tubes with their ends duly closed are next arranged so as to present
any particular outline in end elevation, according to the shape of the flame required
bound round with wire and thrust through cover plates or discs bc.
These cover plates are cut out to receive the bundle of tubes a, the cuts in the
covers corresponding with the shape in which the tubes are arranged, as will be
well understood.
Before the cover plates b c are thrust on the series of tubes a bound together,
are dipped in a bath of solder, so as to render their connection permanent and
to fill up any free space which may exist between the tubes.
This object may however be effected in any other convenient manner.
In Figs. 1 and 2 the tubes are arranged in circular formation so as to produce
a flame of that shape while in Figs. 3 and 4 the arrangement is such as to give an
oblong flame. The cover plates be having been secured to the tubes a, the
cylinder dis next slipped into position so as to surround the tubes a, and con-
stitute a water jacket e. The cylinder or tube is sweated, brazed, or otherwise
secured to the cover plates bc, and is furnished with inlet and outlet passages e', e²,
for the supply of water to the annular space e. To complete the formation of this
type of blow pipe, the projecting ends of the series of tubes a are cut away along
the dotted lines g-g Fig. 3, after which operation a clear passage exists through
each tube and the ends of the tubes lie flush with the outer faces of the covers b˚c.
As before stated, I prefer to employ a mixture of compressed oxygen and
ordinary coal gas to feed my improved blow pipes, and to this end I screw or
otherwise attach the cylinder d to a union or part f carrying an injector / con-
nected with the oxygen supply.
The oxygen, passing through the injector h, draws or forces forward the
hydrogen or coal gas supplied by the pipe i exactly in the manner described in
the said former patent, the two gases passing into the mixing chamber ; and
thence along the minute gas passages a¹, formed in the tubes a, to the point of
consumption.
It will be noticed, that the area of the mixing chamber is many times the
total area of the outlets or apertures a¹ formed in the bundle of tubes a, so that
the blow pipe is adequately supplied with gas and a constant and steady flame
maintained.
I find that by forming the gas outlets or apertures of a diameter not exceeding
1th part of an inch, and by keeping the tubes a cool by means of the water jacket,
there is no tendency of the gas to flash back whilst the pipe is in action.
Instead of surrounding the tubes a by means of a water jacket I might envelope
the tubes in asbestos if thought preferable.
A blow pipe such as I have described is particularly suitable for welding and
brazing where intense heat is required, and if the pipe be fixed, all the operator
needs to do is to watch the work in hand and manipulate the oxygen tap.
It will be obvious that blow pipes constructed and supplied with gas as above
indicated, may be variously arranged and combined, according to the character of
work to be performed,

page_text: For instance in a welding operation two oblong flames may project towards
cach other the work being arranged to pass between the flames.
In another type of blow pipe shown in Figs. 5 and 6 I connect to an injector h
a pipe (or it might be more than one pipe) bent to a circular form as clearly shown
in Fig. 5. From this pipe k, a suitable number of heating jets a project radially,
the said jets being arranged to surround and evenly heat the object or substance
to be acted upon.
The jets a in this case, have very fine gas orifices a¹, and are suitably secured to
the pipe k, the pipe or pipes being of a bore or diameter several times the total
area of the outlets of the jets employed so as to ensure an adequate supply of gas
to all. The outlets of these heating jets should not exceed about 1/2 of an inch
in diameter, the higher the heat required the greater the number of jets necessary
to a given area.
th
To prevent the hot flame or flames from overheating the pipe k, with its heating
jets a, I propose to wrap or cover the pipe, or it might be the pipe and jets, with
asbestos 1, or I may make the jets sufficiently long to allow the pipe & to stand at
a distance from the object being heated.
The form of pipe shown in Fig. 5 is especially adapted for brazing or heating
object of an annular or cylindrical formation.
In Figs. 7 and 8 a form of pipe is shown in which an increased number of jets
radiate from a pipe k, the pipe heing bent or cranked so that the jets a do not
all lie in the same plane, as will be readily seen from an inspection of Fig. 8. In
this case the pipe instead of being enveloped in asbestos is surrounded by a water
jacket e having inlet and outlet pipes el e².
k
It will be evident that the pipe may be bent or fashioned to any suitable shape
and that the heating jets a may project at any or various angles according to the
use of the pipe.
The form of blow pipe shown in Figs. 5 and 7, may be fixed over a suitable
hearth or the like, so that all the operator requires to do, is merely to supply the
work and manipulate the gas tap, à uniform heating of the object being obtained
without calling for any skill on the part of the operator.
In cases where irregular objects are to be dealt with, I might employ two or
more blow pipes each carrying a number of jets which combine to make up the
complete encircling or surrounding series, and in such a case one or more of the
pipes might be free to slide or move, for facility in introducing or removing work.
An arrangement of pipe made up in two halves is shown in Fig. 9 the right hand
half being free to slide.
The separate halves of such a form of blow pipe may be supplied with gases
from separate sources, or from one source, the halves in this latter case being
coupled together by means of a flexible pipe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim
is:-
1) A blow pipe for brazing, welding, heating and analogous purposes, formed
with a multiplicity of discharge orifices or heating jets protected by a water jacket
or asbestos covering and supplied with gas or gases substantially as herein described.
2) A blow pipe formed from a bundle of tubes a and having a surrounding water
jacket or the like, the pipe being fed with a mixture of gases by an injector,
and constructed in the manner and substantially as herein before described and
.shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
3) A blow pipe formed from a tube or tubes, bent in any required fashion, and
having a number of heating jets a, the pipe being protected by means of asbestos
or a water jacket and supplied with compressed gases by an injector, substantially
as described and shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8.
4) A blow pipe having a multiplicity of discharge orifices supplied with a

page_text: mixture of gases by an injector or injectors and made up of two or more sections
certain of which are free to slide, substantially as herein described and shown in
Fig. 9.
For the Applicant,
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents, 5, John Dalton Street, Manchester.