IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON.YARNS OR YARNS OF OTHER VEGETABLE FIBRE IN THE COP OR ON BOBBINS."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Albert Gatty of Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Dyer and Calico Printer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYEING COTTON. YARNS OR YARNS OF OTHER VEGETABLE FIBRE IN THE
COP OR ON BOBBINS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Albert Gatty at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1882.
FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Dyor
and Calico Printer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON YARNS OR YARNS OF
OTHER VEGETABLE FIBRE IN THE COP OR ON BOBBINS."
My invention consists in treating cotton yarns or yarns of other vegetable fibre
in the cop or on bobbins, in such a manner as to take away the natural water
repellant property of the yarns.
This object I attain by impregnating the yarns with substances which will cause
the yarns to absorb liquids. I apply these substances to the yarns either previous
to or during their saturation with the coloring matters. The substances which I
find to answer best are saccharine and gummy matters such as molasses, unrefined
sugar, gums, glycerine, glucose or mixtures of these substances.. Another class of
substances which will answer the purpose consists of soaps or fatty acids and rosin
dissolved in a fixed alkali; but these can only be used for colors on which an
alkaline solution will produce no injurious effects.
In performing my invention I boil the yarns in the cop or on bobbins for about
two hours (more or less) with one, or a mixture of the substances named above. I
then dry them. The quantities used should not be inore than are necessary to obtain
the desired effect. I find that one pound of molasses for one gallon of water or
equivalent quantities of one or more of the other substances will answer the
purpose. When I use soap I find that from four to eight ounces for every gallon

page_text: of water will produce the desired result. After the yarns have been treated in the
manner stated above they are ready for dyeing with the ordinary mordants and
dye materials usually employed in dyeing. In all cases where it is practicable I
prefer instead of treating the yarns as above described to mix one or several of the
above named substances with the colouring matters and boil the yarns therein.
The class of colours for which this plan is well adapted are catechu browns and tho
colours obtained from dyewoods such as logwood, sapan wood, Limawood, fustic and
some others. In these cases I prefer to uso the soaps or alkaline solutions named
above. After the yarns have been boiled in the solution of soap or other substance
named combined with the colouring matters as above described and dried it is.
only necessary to treat them with a mordant or an oxydising agent to develop
the colour.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Albert Gatty in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th August 1882.
FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY of Accrington in the County of Lancaster Dyer and
Calico Printer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON YARNS OR YARNS OF OTHER
VEGETABLE FIBRE IN THE COP OR ON BOBBINS."
My invention consists in treating cotton yarns or yarns of other vegetable fibre
in the cop or on bobbins in such a manner as to take away the natural water
repellant property of the yarns.
This object I attain by impregnating the yarns with substances which will
cause the yarns to absorb liquids. I apply these substances to the yarns either
previous to or during their saturation with the colouring matters. The substances
which I find to answer best are saccharine and gummy matters such as molasses,
unrefined sugar, gums, glycerine, glucose, or mixtures of these substances.
Another class of substances which will answer the purpose consists of soaps or fatty
acids and rosin dissolved in a fixed alkali, but these can only be used for colours on
which an alkaline solution will produce no injurious effects.
In performning my invention I boil the yarns in the cop or on bobbins for about
two hours (more or less) with one, or a mixture, of the substances named above. I
then dry them. The quantities used should not be more than are necessary to
obtain the desired effect. I steep the cops thus prepared first in the colour
solution, remove the excess of liquid and then immerse them in the mordant
required according to the colour to be fixed.
I find that one pound of molasses for one gallon of water or equivalent quantities
of one or more of the other substances will answer the purpose for preparing
the cops
For
When I use soap I find that from four to eight ounces for every gallon of water
will produce the desired result. In using the soap or fatty acids dissolved in an
alkali I wish to draw a clear distinction between the boiling of yarn usually
practised for bleaching and the treatment of the cops for my purpose.
bleaching, the yarn is usually boiled in weak solutions of rosin soaps and is then
washed, this, I would have it clearly understood I do not claim, as my invention
consists in impregnating the yarn with a comparatively strong solution of soap or
fatty acid dissolved in an alkali and then drying it with the soap or solution of
fatty acids in it as described which will render the cops capable of absorbing
liquids and allow colouring matters and mordants to penetrate to the centre of the
cop. After the yarns have been treated in this manner they are ready for dyeing
as above described with the ordinary dye materials and mordants usually employed
in dyeing excepting those colours for which soap and fatty acids act as mordants.
In order to ascertain if the soap and fatty acids act as mordants I steep the cop
in the colour and then examine it, if the interior remains white the soap or fatty
acid has acted as a mordant; for these colours I use saccharine or other substances
herein named which do not contain fatty acids or I employ the process described in
the specification to my patent dated March 9th 1881 No. 999 for dyeing these
colours.
For the production of colours derived from dyewoods such as logwood, sapan-
wood, Lima-wood, fustic and some others as well as colours derived from Catechu.
I mix or combine soap or fatty acids dissolved in an alkali and proceed as follows:-
For dyeing cops black I use a decoction or extract of logwood at four to six
degrees of Twaddle's hydrometer and dissolve therein, for every gallon, four to

page_text: eight ounces of soap or I add an equivalent quantity of a solution of a fatty acid
and an alkali: in this mixture I boil the cops for an hour to an hour and a half, they
are then taken out and put in a hydroextractor in order to remove the excess of
liquid they are then steeped in a solution of a salt of iron. I use, by preference,
acetate of iron at four degrees of Twaddle's hydrometer and I steep the cops for
about two to three hours, if in an open vessel, but if the vessel is closed and a
vacuum is formed before the admission of acetate of iron, it will penetrate at once
and the cops may be taken out of the acctate of iron in half an hour and the
excess of liquid removed in a hydroextractor after which the cops may be dried or,
if preferred, they may be washed by letting water gently flow through them for
about a quarter of an hour. For dyeing brown I dissolve from four ounces to one
pound (according to the shade required) of catechu in one gallon of boiling water
and add six ounces, or more or less, of soap and boil the cops in this solution for
more or less than an hour and a half: the cops are then placed in a hydroextractor
to remove the excess of liquid and afterwards treated as in dyeing black but
instend of using acetate of iron I employ a solution of bichromate of potash
containing from four to six ounces per gallon, after which the cops are washed and
dried. Other colours are obtained in the same way by using the materials
required for the particular colcurs, as for instance, a purple is obtained by using a
decoction of logwood-with soap and then an aluminous mordant in place of iron.
A yellow is obtained by using a decoction of fustic in place of logwood and then
muriate of tin or acetate of alumina. Many other colours might be described with
other colouring matter using in every instance soap or alkaline solutions of fatty
acids therewith. When cotton or other vegetable fibres are dyed in the cop it is
necessary to put a skewer in the centre in order to keep the hole open.
Having described the nature of my invention and how perform the same
I would have it understood that I do not confine mysolf to the exact proportions
named above but-
What I do claim as ny invention is:-
1 The novel and improved process of dyeing yarns of cotton and other
vegetable fibre in the cop and on bobbins by preparing them with the substances
named above previous to dyeing and subsequently impregnating them with the
colouring matters and mordants, substantially as herein described.
2. Dyeing cotton yarns or yarns of other vegetable fibre in the cop and on
bobbins by treating them, without previous preparation, with decoctions or extracts
of dyewoods combined or mixed with soap or solutions of fatty acids in an alkali
and afterwards, with mordants substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof I the said Frederick Albert Gatty have hereunto set my
hand and seal this third day of August One thousand eight hundred and
eighty two.