CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OPENING AND CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE FOR PRODUCING CURRENTS OF AIR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Lord, of Todmordon, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR OPENING AND CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE FOR PRODUCING CURRENTS OF AIR FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 1st July 1864, and dated the 16th January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Lord at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
January 1864.
I, EDWARD LORD, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OPENING AND CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE FOR PRODUCING CURRENTS OF AIR FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention is applicable to the troughs or channels
through which the cotton or other fibrous substances are drawn by a current of
air in order to open and separate them from the looseparticles of sand, dust, and
other foreign matters. In order to increase the efficiency of these troughs,
I place in them at intervals set of wires or spokes, these wires or spokes
are acted upon and displaced at intervals by the fibres as they are drawn
through the trough by my improvel fan hereafter described or by an ordinary
fan

page_text: The second part of my Invention consists in applying a triangular bar of
metal in the space between the main cylinder and two working rollers, the
cotton or other fibres are carded over the angles between the two working
rollers, while the flat or curved surfaces of the bar prevent the flying off of
the fibres.
The third part of my Invention consists in dispensing with the ordinary
doffer and doffing comb, and in employing in lieu thereof a "fancy roller" or
other equivalent by which the fibres are brushed off the circumference of the
main cylinder and deposited on to one or more perforated cylinders or other
rollers, around or between which the fibres pass in the form of a fleece, which
is contracted by a guide table or spout, at the extremity of which the fleece
assumes the form of a sliver, and so passes under a roller provided with a
weighted trough similar to those described in the Provisional Specification of
Letters Patent applied for by me on the Fifteenth day of August, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, No. 2026. From this roller the
fleece is carried forward by a pair of drawing or calender rollers and delivered
to the coiler, or it is otherwise disposed of, or the sliver may pass through the
usual drawing or other rollers.
In some cases a partial vacuum is formed in the perforated cylinder or
cylinders above referred to by an ordinary fan, or a fan constructed according
to my present improvements, which consist of a disc having on the face any
convenient number of curved blades, the disc works in a casing as usual.
This fan is also applicable for producing currents of air for various purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Lord in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LORD, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Edward Lord, Her special license that I, the said Edward
Lord, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Edward Lord, my executors, administrators and assigns, should at any

page_text: time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OPENING AND CARDING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE FOR PRODUCING CURRENTS OF AIR
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edward Lord, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Lord, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The first part of my Invention is applicable to the troughs or channels
through which the cotton or other fibrous substances are drawn by a current
of air, in order to open and separate them from the loose particles of sand,
dust, and other foreign matters. In order to increase the efficacy of these
troughs I place in them at intervals sets of wires or spokes, these wires or
spokes are acted upon and displaced at intervals by the fibres as they are
drawn through the trough by my improved fan, hereafter described, or by an
ordinary fan.
The second
part of
my
Invention is applicable to carding engines, and
consists in dispensing with the ordinary doffer and doffing comb, and in
employing in lieu thereof a "fancy roller" or other equivalent by which the
fibres are brushed off the circumference of the main cylinder, and deposited on
to one or more perforated cylinders or other rollers, around or between which
the fibres pass in the form of a fleece, which is contracted by a guide table or
spout, at the extremity of which the fleece assumes the form of a sliver, and
so passes under a roller provided with a weighted trough, similar to those
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the Fifteenth
day of August One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, Number 2026.
From this roller the sliver is carried forward by a pair of drawing or calender
rollers and delivered to the coiler, or it is otherwise disposed of, or the sliver
may pass through the usual drawing or other rollers. In some cases a partial
vacuum is formed in the perforated cylinder or cylinders above referred to by

page_text: an ordinary fan, or a fan constructed according to my present improvement,
which consists of a disc having on the face any convenient number of curved
blades, the disc works in a casing as usual; this plan is also applicable for
producing currents of air for various purposes.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to
described the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the
figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of the first part of my Invention
in combination with my improved fan. a is the trough or channel through
which the fibrous substances are drawn by a current of air produced by a fan
of the ordinary construction, or by the improved fan shewn in front elevation
in Figure 1, and in side view in Figure 2. The trough a shewn in transverse
section in Figure 3 is made, by preference, of a bent sheet of iron, the ends
of which are secured to the cast-iron frames a¹; the flanges of these frames
are bolted together to form a trough or channel of the required length to
convey the fibrous substances from the mixing room to the room in which the
fan is placed; the lower side of the trough is closed by the doors a², made of
sheet iron secured to light cast-iron frames a³, hinged to the frames a¹; within
the troughs a are the usual partitions at and a³, the spaces between which
form cells to collect the sand and other impurities loosened from the fibres.
In order to increase the efficiency of these troughs, I place in them at
intervals the sets of spokes b, which are fixed in or secured to axles passing
through the trough, and supported at each end by bearings 61. When the
fibrous substances are passing through the trough they strike against the
spokes and cause them to turn over at intervals, thus agitating the fibres
and causing them to discharge the loose impurities more freely than when
the passage through the trough is interrupted, as now customary.
My improved fan consists of a disc c, having on the face eight or other
convenient number of curved blades c¹, which are thicker near the circum-
ference of the disc than near the centre for rendering the air channels between
the blades of the desired form. The fan c works within a casing made of
perforated sheet metal, through which dust and light impurities are conveyed,
while the fibrous substance after passing between a pair of collecting rollers
drops into the blowing room, or is otherwise disposed of. I wish to remark
here that the improved fan above described is applicable for producing
currents of air for various other purposes.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 5 a plan, of a carding engine
constructed according to my improvements. d is the main cylinder; 6 is the
unlapping roller; f, the feed roller; g, the licker-in; and h and i, the workers

page_text: and clearers, all of which are made as usual.
In lieu of the ordinary doffer
for collecting the fibres from the main cylinder, I employ the fancy roller ;,
the circumference of which revolves faster than that of the main cylinder,from
which it brushes the fibres and deposits them on to the roller l. This roller
is made of perforated sheet metal, so as to allow the air to escape out at its
ends; and I sometimes form a partial vacuum within the roller by connecting
its ends to a fan as in the perforated cylinders or cages of blowers of the
ordinary construction. The space between the rollers; and l is closed by the
solid roller k; from the roller the fleece of fibres is taken over the table m to
the spout n, which collects the fleece in the form of a sliver and delivers it.
between the roller o and the weighted trough p, which is similar to those
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the Fifteenth
of August, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, Number 2026. The
sliver is drawn from the roller o and trough p by the rollers q, and then
conveyed to the coiler r, or it may be formed into a lap, or be otherwise
disposed of, or the sliver may be taken through an ordinary drawing head of
the usual construction. By thus constructing carding engines, the doffer and
the doffing stripping apparatus are dispensed with, thus reducing the cost of
the machine and the power required for driving it.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the application of moveable spokes or other equivalents to the troughs
for conveying fibrous substances from one part of the mill to another, as shewn
and described.
Secondly, the improved fan shewn and described for producing currents
of air.
Thirdly, the improved carding engine shewn and described,
And, lastly, dispensing with the ordinary dofferand doffing comb of carding
engines and the means described for dispensing with them.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Lord, have hereto set my hand
and seal, this Twelfth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-four
EDW. LORD. (L.S.)