IMPROVE- MENTS IN OVENS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Fitch, of Chelmsford, in the County of
Essex, Patent Salt Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OVENS,"
Sealed the 16th March 1853, and dated the 10th January 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Fitch
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th January 1853.
I, MICHAEL. FITCI, of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex, Patent
Salt Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of combining a series of baking compartments
one above the other, the partition or division between the successive
compartments being made hollow, so that the heat from below may pass
into such hollow space, and give off the heat to the articles baking
below, and also to those in the compartment above, there being flues or
passages between the successive hollow partitions or divisions, so that
the heat rising from the lower parts of the series may pass nto the

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
file dby the said Michael Fitch in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 9th July 185%.
year
of
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
MICHAEL FITCH, of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of January, in the
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-thrce, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Michael Fitch, Her special licence that I,
the said Michael Fitch, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Michael Fitch, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OVENS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Michael Fitch, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Michael Fitch, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
sanie is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention consists of combining a series of baking compartments
one above the other, the partitions or divisions between the successive
compartments being made hollow, so that the heat from below may

page_text: passages between the successive hollow partitions or divisions, so that
the heat rising from the lower parts of the series may pass into the
next and the next, so long as the heat remains sufficient to bake.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood,
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means
pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, shows a front view of two ovens constructed and heated
according to my Invention. Figure 2, shews a vertical section from
front to back of the combined apparatus; and Figure 2*, shows a cross
section thereof. Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, show horizontal sections taken
respectively at the corresponding letters in Figure 2. At the lower
part of the apparatus there is a chamber I, below the bottom of the
first oven, within which chamber the furnace or fire-place is constructed.
The fire-place is enclosed on all sides except near the back end, where
there are two openings a, a, through which the products and heat from
the fire pass into the lower chamber I, and thus heat the bottom of the
oven J, on the under or bottoni surface thereof; the heat and products
then pass up through openings and flues b, b, near the front, and enter
into the hollow bottom of the oven K, and thence up through openings
and flues near the back at c, c, to the hollow top of the oven K, in
which there are partitions d, d, which conduct the products of com-
bustion in the direction shewn by the arrows to the escape flue c*.
The hollow bottom of the lower oven J, is filled with powdered chalk,
or other bad conductor of heat, in order to prevent the bottom of such
oven becoming too hot; and it will be seen that the hollow bottom to
the top oven K, constitutes the hollow top of the oven J; hence the
articles in that oven as well as those in the oven K, will be subject to
a top and bottom heat by reason of constructing the parts hollow, and
conveying the heat from one to the other, as explained.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do

page_text: not confine myself to the precise details herein described; but what I
claim is the mode herein described of applying heat to ovens one above
the other, as described.
In witness whereof I, the said Michael Fitch, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
W. TONGUE.
MICHAEL FITCH. (L.S..)