IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS AND SUNSHADES as follows:
Year: 1886

page_text: I PETER JOHANN RADEMACHER of No. 29 Elsasser Strasse in the City of
Berlin, Prussia, Germany, Civil Engineer, do, hereby declare the nature of my
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS AND SUNSHADES
as follows:-
"
to be
My invention relates to improvements in umbrellas parasols or sunshades the
object of which said improvements is to make umbrellas parasols or sunshades
easier to carry and to reduce the length of the same so that they can be readily
carried in the pocket without rendering the operation of the same inore difficult.
The ribs of my improved umbrellas, parasols or sunshades do not extend as
customary from the periphery of the cover to the tip but only over the lower half
of the said cover or to a point about midway between the ordinary top notches
and the periphery of the cover. These said ribs are held firmly in position by
means of suitable stretchers two to each rib and can only be bent by the tension of
the cover as is the case with ordinary umbrellas. The upper part of the cover is
not connected to the ribs but only to the ordinary ring.
As above mentioned each rib is held by two stretchers one attached by means of
a joint to the uppermost part of the rib and to the runner whereas the other
stretcher consists of two parts the first part being connected by a suitable joint to
the said rib somewhat nearer the periphery of the cover the other end to the
second arm of the stretcher which said second arın is at its upper end connected to
the so called top notches fixed to the stick about midway between the upper
position of the runner and the ring bearing the cover.
This said second arm is connected by means of a suitable joint to the first or
main stretcher and is thus compelled to participate in the movement of the same
for producing or releasing the tension of the cover.
The free part of the cover is connected by means of a cord to a point of the
stretcher in such manner that when the umbrella, parasol or sunshade is open and
the cover under tension the cord or cords are also under tension whereas in closed
condition the cord or cords will draw the superfluous fabric of the cover within the
mechanism so that the folds of the said fabric lay themselves within the folds of
the fabric attached to the ribs of the said umbrella, parasol or sunshade.
The stick of the said umbrella, parasol or sunshade is so arranged that the lower
end can slide in the upper hollow half of the same so as to form a telescopic stick
.

page_text: which said stick is provided with a suitable device for holding the same in closed
or open position. A spring is so arranged in the upper hollow part of the stick
that the umbrella can only be opened when the lower part or parts of the said
stick has or have been drawn out and the stick extended to its full extent and so
that the lower part of the stick cannot be pushed up into the hollow upper part of
the said stick until the umbrella parasol or sunshade has been closed-Instead of
only one spring two or more springs can be employed for effecting the said
objects.
This same spring is preferably employed for holding the runner when the
umbrella parasol or sunshade is extended or opened, all of which operations will
be fully and explicitly shown and described in the complete specification and
drawing to my said application.

page_text: Improvements in Umbrellas, Parasols, and` Sunshades.
"
I PETER JOHANN RADEMACHER of No. 29 Elsasser Strasse in the City of Berlin,
Prussia, Germany, Civil Engineer, dc hereby declare the nature of my Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS AND SUNSHADES and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertain-d
in and by the following statement:
My invention relates to improvements in umbrellas, parasols or sunshades, the
object of which is, to make umbrellas, parasols or sunshades easier to carry and
to reduce the length of the same, so that they can be readily carried, in the pocket,
without rendering the operation of the same more difficult.
Figure 1 is a diagram representing an umbrella, made according to my invention,
the umbrella in open condition.
Figure 2, is a diagram representing the umbrella, in partly closed condition.
The ribs R of my improved umbrellas, parasols or sunshades, do not extend, as
customary from the periphery of the cover a, to the tip b, but only over the lower
half of the said cover a, or to a point f, about midway between the ordinary top
notches and the periphery of the cover. These said ribs R are held firmly in
position at two points e, f, by means of suitable stretchers, two to each rib, and
can only be bent by the tension of the cover a, as is the case with ordinary
umbrellas. The upper part of the lever a, between the parts marked f and b, is
not connected to the ribs R, but only to the ordinary ring and is put under tension
by the lower part of the cover.
As above mentioned, each rib is held by two stretchers, & and h, one, h, attached
by means of a joint at f, to the uppermost part of the rib R and to the runner 1,
whereas the other stretcher d, consists of two parts, the first part being connected
by a suitable joint at e, to the said rib R somewhat nearer the periphery of the
cover a, the other end, to the second arm of the stretcher d at k, which said second
arm d, is at its upper end connected to the so-called top notches g, fixed to the
stick S about midway between the upper position of the runner l, and the ring b,
to which the cover a is attached.
This said second arm d, is connected by means of a suitable joint i, to the first
or main stretcher h, and is thus compelled to participate in the movement of the
same for producing or releasing the tension of the cover a.
The free part of the cover a, is connected by means of a cord c, to a point of the
stretcher d, in such manner, that when the umbrella, parasol or sunshade, is open
and the cover a, under tension, the cord or cords c, are also under tension, whereas,
in closed condition, the cord or cords c, will draw the superfluous fabric of the
cover within the mechanism so that the folds of the said fabric lay themselves
within the folds of the fabric, attached to the ribs R of the said umbrella parasol
or sunshade,

page_text: It is not necessary that the stretcher d, be parallel to the stretcher, it being
sufficient for the folding up when the parts outside of the joint i, are parallel and
it will be evident that the part of the stretcher d between the joints e, k, can be
arranged above instead of below the stretcher h.
A modification of this kind is shown in Figure 3, according to which the
dimensions of the parts are so arranged that the lower end of the rib R will
correspond with the runner', and the upper end of the same, with the end of the
stick when the parts are folded up. It is also not necessary that the cord be
arranged, as shown in Figure 1, as the position of the same can be varied according
to circumstances.
C,
That part of the stick S of the umbrella, parasol or sunshade, beneath the
runner 7, is so arranged that the lower end m, can slide in the upper hollow part
of the same, so as to form a telescopic stick, which said stick is provided with a
suitable device for holding the same in open or closed position and for facilitating
this manipulation, as represented in the Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
The stick consists, as shown in Figure 4, 5, and 6, of two parts A and B, of
which the part B is composed of a massive or solid rod of circular section whereas,
the part A, is composed of a hollow cylinder or tube, so that the part B can slide in
the part A. A spring F is so arranged in the tubular part A of the stick, that the
umbrella, parasol or sunshade can only then be opened, when the said telescopic
stick is fully extended and will only permit the stick being shortened, when the
umbrella, parasol or sunshade, is closed. This part A, is connected to the spring
which holds the runner in its highest position and the cover under tension,
although this connection between the springs is not absolutely necessary.
Figure 4 shows the parts in the position they occupy when the said parts are
closed, whereas, Figure 5 represents the same in the position they occupy when the
umbrella, parasol or sunshade, is opened and the runner 1, in its highest position.
Figure 6 is a section of the stick B showing the groove o, for receiving the
spring F, which is provided at 7, with an elongated stop or protuberence which is
countersunk in and soldered to the tubular part A of the stick. The spring F, at
its upper part, is provided with the nose or stop catch 4, for retaining the runner
in its highest position. The lower end of the said spring is provided with three
further noses or projections 1, 2, 3, between which the runner sits when the
umbrella, parasol or sunshade is closed, Figure 4. These parts, id. est. the lower
part of the spring F, is represented under tension in Figure 4, and free, in Figure 5,
the tension being effected by the lower part of the runner 7 bringing the nose
outward.
The nose or projection 3 rests in the groove o, of the part B and keeps the lower
part of the spring F under tension even when the runner leaves the nose 1. If it
is now desired to opon the umbrella or other object it is only necessary to pull the
part B, in the direction of the arrow y and push the runner in the direction of the
arrow x, upwards, until it comes in front of the nose 2, where it will remain until
the nose 5 comes in contact with the nose 3, and consequently the slot 6 in the
part B, in line with the groove o, opposite to the lower part of the spring F, so
that the part carrying the nose 1 can enter into this said slot, as shown by
Figure 5, and in this manner, prevent any further movement on the part B. At
the same moment when the end 7 of the spring enters the slot 6, the nose 2 will be
drawn back into the stick or flush with the outer surface of the same. The runner
is pushed upwards in the direction of the arrow, until the same has passed the
nose or catch 4, of the spring F, so as to hold the umbrella, parasol or sunshade in
open condition.
In order to close the umbrella, parasol or sunshade it is obvious that the
contrary manipulations must be carried out; the nose 4, having been pressed back,
so as to free the runner 1, the latter is drawn down with the one hand and the
part B pressed upwards. The runner 7, moves downwards and again forces the

page_text: curved nose I forward so that the part D is agam c
the part A.
434
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Figure 7, 8, 9, represent a construction of stick, in which both parts of the stick
are tubular. The construction of the spring F, is similar to that in Figures 4, 5, 6,
but the nose 1, is replaced by a lever 1 which exercises the same action on the
spring F as. the nose 1.
In this modification a construction is arranged which prevents the part B from
being withdrawn from the part A when the umbrella, parasol or sunshade is not
opened.
The part E is provided with a spring u the lower part of which, bears against
the edge v of a recess in the part A. If one pulls on the handle of B, this spring
will prevent the same from being withdrawn from the part A, which can only be
attained, by opening the umbrella id. est. when the part B is drawn out and the
runner, simultaneously pushed upwards, whereby the runner glides in front of
the nose 2 and presses the spring u into the stick and gives the part B free from
the part A.
It is evident that my improved stick can be modified in various ways without
departing from the nature of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. A folding umbrella, parasol or sunshade the folding of which is attained by
the ribs R being extended only over the outer part of the covering a, so as to put
the same under tension whilst the upper central part of the said covering remains
free and is put under tension by the tension of the lower part of the same, in such
manner, that in closing the umbrella, parasol or sunshade, the ribs R will lay
themselves against the stick with the free part of the cover between the same,
substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the accom-
panying drawings.
2. In umbrellas, parasols or sunshades, the application and employment of the
ribs R which reach only over the lower part of the covering a, for putting the same
under tension, substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown
in the accompanying drawings.
3. In umbrellas, parasols or sunshades, the application and employment of a
tension mechanism for putting the ribs R under tension, consisting of two
stretchers, the single armed stretcher h, and the double armed stretcher d, which
said stretchers are connected to each other at 2, and the stretcher d jointed at the
one end, with the top notches g, and at the other end jointed to the ribs at e,
whilst the stretcher h is jointed at the one end to the runner and at the other
end to the ribs R, at f, substantially as described in the foregoing specification and
shown in the accompanying drawings.
4. In umbrellas, parasols or sunshades the application and employment of
cords c, in combination with the free part of the covering c, which is so connected
with the mechanism, that when the umbrella parasol or sunshade, is closed, the.
covering is drawn into the same, substantially as described in the foregoing
specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
5.—In umbrellas, parasols or sunshades with telescopic sticks, the arrangement
application and employment of one or more springs, in such manner, that the same
only then permit the opening of the umbrella, parasol or sunshade, when the stick
is entirely drawn out and fixed, and in closing, only then permit the telescopic
stick to be pushed in, when the umbrella, parasol or sunshade, is entirely closed,
substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the accom-
panying drawings.
6. In umbrellas, parasols or sunshades with telescopic sticks, the arrangement,
application and employment of a spring u, which is so arranged, with reference to

page_text: the stick, that the latter. can only then be drawn out, when the umbrella, parasol
or sunshade, is opened, and for this purpose the runner pressed upwards, sub-
stantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying
drawings.