IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MORTISING WOOD.
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Louis Perin, Engineer, residing No. 97, Rue.
du Faub St. Antoine, Paris, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MORTISING WOOD.".
Sealed the 10th October 1862, and dated the 17th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Louis Perin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
April 1862.
I, JEAN LOUIS PERIN, Engineer, residing No. 97, Rue du Faubs St. Antoine,,
Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR MORTISING WOOD," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the use of a rose drill or fraise, to which
I impart three self-acting motions, the first, a rapid rotatory motion for cutting
away the wood; the second, a to-and-fro motion, which is determined by; the
length of the mortice to be cut; and the third, a penetrating motion, according
to the depth of the mortice to be cut; the two latter motions, if necessary,
however, be imparted by hand. The timber, operated on remains stationary
during the triple action of the drill. In order to square out a mortice hole
thus obtained I make use of a right-angled tool, which is impelled by hand.,
I also attach to the machine embodying these improvements drilling machinery
to pierce round holes preparatory to mortising, or for other purposes, if
necessary.
can,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Louis Perin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th October 1862.
TO ALL. TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
LOUIS PERIN, Engineer, residing No. 97, Rue du Faub St. Antoine, Paris,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Jean Louis Perin, Her special licence that I, the said Jean Louis
Perin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Jean Louis Perin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland..
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MORTISING WOOD," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Jean Louis Perin, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said: Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Louis Perin, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following,
statement :-
-1
These improvements consist in the use of a rose drill or fraise, to which
I impart three self-acting motions, the first, a rapid rotary motion for cutting
away the wood; the second, a to-&-fro motion, which is determined by the
length of the mortise to be cut; and the third, a penetrating motion, according
to the depth of the mortice to be cut; the two latter motions, if necessary,
can, however, be imparted by hand. The timber operated on remains stationary
during the triple action of the drill. In order to square out a mortise hole
thus obtained I make use of a right-angled tool, which is impelled by hand: I
also attach to to the machine embodying these improvements drilling machinery

page_text: to. pierce round holes preparatory to mortising, or for other purposes, if
necessary.
In order that my Invention be thoroughly understood I will now proceed
to explain it with reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, wherein
Fig. 1 is a plan of my new mortising machine; Fig. 2, a longitudinal eleva-
tion; Fig. 3, a traverse sectional elevation through A, A, Fig. 1; and Figs. 4
to 6 views of two different rotating tools which I make use of.
a, a, are 2 upright standards supporting the horizontal bed b, on which are
erected all the constituent parts of the machine; c is a saddle capable of being
moved to and fro in a direction parallel with the bed, which motion determines
the length of the slot to be cut; d, a traversing saddle susceptible of motion
at right angle with the bed b, which motion determines the penetration or
depth of the mortise to be cut'; and è is a vertical slide, erected on d, carrying
the horizontal tool shaft f, in the bearings g, g, for the purpose of raising or
lowering the tool.h, to which a rapid rotary motion is imparted by a strap or
any other appropriate means.
I have above stated that with this machine the mortise could be made
by hand or by automatic motion, and I will first proceed to describe the
former manner of operating. I prefer, in either case, attaching the timber
to a bed running on rollers, in the usual manner, parallel with the bed of the
machine, motion being imparted to the same by the hand. wheel i and a
pinion placed on the other extremity of its shaft, and which gears in a rack
bolted to the under side of timber bed; the wood to be operated on being
brought horizontally by the wheel i in the requisite position for the drill, this
latter tool is brought vertically in position by means of the hand wheel k, then the
tool is run into the wood, making à clear round hole either through and through,
or.to the requisite depth, as may be required, by means of the hand wheel l,
the tool drawn back again, and the wood moved in a horizontal direction by
the hand wheel i to the extent corresponding with the length of the intended
mortise; the 'tool is then again run forward in the wood in a similar manner
and to the same depth and again drawn back; these two holes form the extre-
mities of the mortise, which I subsequently complete by cutting away the
timber which separates them. For this purpose I enter the tool in one-of the
holes to a depth, depending on the nature of the wood, say, of.an inch, and
traverse. the tool to the other hole by means of the vertical handleim; the
penetration of the tool is then further increased to the same amount and then
traversed back to its former position, and so on until the whole of the inter-
vening timber has been cleared out; if requisite, the sides of the mortise can

page_text: be dressed by slightly elevating or depressing the drill and making one finishing
pass.
In this manner the hole can be made with great accuracy to any size
larger than the drill itself. The extremities of this mortise will be circular;
in order to make them square I make use of a usual squaring gouge driven
forward by the hand wheel n, the spindle of which entering the head stock.o is
terminated by a screw fitted in the tool holder'p; when the gouge is not
employed it is drawn completely within the stock o.
**
When the machine is to work automatically I put the back gearing in
motion by means of a strap shifted from the dead pully. q to the live pully g',
and in this case I prefer dispensing with cutting the two round holes as above:
mentioned, simply forming the mortise by the to-and-fro motion of the drill
with progressive penetration at each pass. This to-and-fro motion is trans-.
mitted to the saddle c by means of the pinion q³, the intermediate gear q³, the
tooth wheel, the crank pin r, & connecting rod 3, in which case a screw.
attached to the hand wheels is run in so as to connect the two upright cast-
iron levers s¹ & 82, the former of which is loose on the shaft 83 and the latter:
fast to it: (When mortising by hand these two levers s¹ & s³ are disconnected.)
The successive penetration of the tool at each pass is obtained by the tappet
bar t, the pall t, and the ratchet t, operated on at each stroke by the fixed
tappets ts and t; a right & left handed screw to revolved by a handle t causes
the tappets to approach and recede from the tappet bar, and thus regulates
the penetrating cut. The stroke of the saddle c, and consequently the length
of the mortise, is regulated by the screw 7, on which is fitted the crank pin .
And in order to regulate the speed of the traversing motion according to the
length of the mortise I make use of the intermediate gear g³ fitted to the
extremity of the lever g, which wheel, without being ungeared with the
pinion q³, can be brought into gear with either of the teeth wheels 5,6,7,
each of which will impart a different speed to the cutting tool proportionate
to the length of the mortise. In proximity with the said mortising machine
and on either side of the wooden travelling bed, according to circumstances,
I erect an ordinary perpendicular wood drill, by means of which I can, either
before or after mortising, pierce such holes as the nature of the work may.
require.
For cutting mortises in my new machine I prefer making use of one of the
tools represented by the Figs. 4 to 6, Fig. 4 shewing an elevation of one of
these tools; Fig. 5 an elevation, and Fig. 6 a plan, of the second tool. It will
be seen that Fig. 4 resembles in form a double gouge provided with cutting
edges for penetration, and two longitudinal cutting edges for traversing; this

page_text: tool is best adapted for boring and deep mortising by hand, and can, if
requisite, be made tapering; the tool represented by Figs. 5 & 6 is, on the
contrary, better adapted for shallow machine-made mortises; it is composed of
a steel shank t provided with a double cutter u set in its place by a key u¹;
the spiral twists v, v', which can be made more or less rapid, as required, are
smaller in diameter than the cutter and serve the purpose of extracting the
shavings produced by the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Louis Perin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
JOSEPH WILLCOCK,
Engineer & Patent Agent,
89, Chancery Lane,
London.
IN.