IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OR SKETCHING
Year: 1885

page_text: We CHARLES MONTAGUE LINLEY and JOHN BIGGS both of 9 Melior Street,
Southwark in the County of Surrey Engineers, and GEORGE GRAINGER TANDY of
43 Cedars Road, Clapham in the County of Surrey, Surgeon, do hereby declare the
nature of our invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OR SKETCHING,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to enable unskilled persons to execute drawings
of persons, landscapes, models, buildings, &c. with facility.
The apparatus consists of a drawing board of any convenient size upon which
the paper is fixed. To one edge of this board is attached a vertical arm or
standard to the top of which is secured an eye piece or fixed guide of any
convenient shape against which the upper portion of the face of the operator is
pressed. The object of this standard is to keep the operator's eye perfectly steady
in one position while executing the drawing. The line of sight from the operator's
eye steadied by the standard just mentioned to the object to be sketched is
intercepted by a pointer which is arranged to travel in a plane at right angles to
the line of sight. This pointer is preferably carried at one end of a vibrating arm
pivotted at its opposite end to a standard securely fixed in a vertical position to a
movable bar situated on the opposite side of the board which receives in any
convenient manner a parallel reciprocating motion. The pointer arm is connected
by a cord passing round a pulley on the movable bar to a corresponding arm which
carries the pencil or pen for drawing the picture so that the movements of the two
arms will be simultaneous, thus when the pencil is brought to the right hand side
of the board the pointer will be seen by the operator to be on the right hand of
the object to be drawn and vice versa.
The pencil bar may be of the same length as the pointer bar, and may be
pivotted to a fixed arm secured to and extending at right angles from the movable
reciprocating bar. The pointer arm will be connected to its vertical standard by a
spring in addition to the pivot pin, so that the cord connecting it with the pencil
arm may be always in tension. Vertical motion will be communicated to the
pointer arm by the horizontal swinging from side to side on its pivot of the pencil
bar caused by the hand of the operator while the reciprocating parallel motion of

page_text: the movable bar will be also caused by the operator drawing the pencil bar from
side to side in the direction parallel to the movable bar.
In use the operator will guide the pencil over the paper in such a manner as
to cause the pointer which intercepts his line of vision to follow the form of the
object he intends to draw, thus the motions of the "point and the pencil being
identical, the unskilled operator can produce a correct drawing of any object.
As before mentioned the parallel motion may be given to the movable bar in
any convenient manner, but we find the simplest manner is by means of an
arrangement of link motion. The pointer may also be adjustable so that the
distance from the object to be copied may be regulated.
It will be evident that instead of a pointer cross hairs or other equivalent means
may be employed.

page_text: Improved Apparatus for Drawing or Sketching.
We CHARLES MONTAGUE LINLEY and JOHN BIGGS, both of 9 Melior Street,
Southwark in the County of Surrey, Engineers, and GEORGE GRAINGER TANDY of
43 Cedars Road, Clapham in the County of Surrey, Surgeon do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to enable unskilled persons to execute Drawings
of persons, landscapes, models, buildings &c., with facility.
In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the sketching
apparatus, and Fig. 2 a plan view of the same.
A is a drawing board of any convenient size, upon which the drawing paper is
fixed by pins or otherwise. To one edge of this board A is adjustably attached,
by means of a thumb screw, a vertical arm or standard B, to the top of which is
firmly secured an eye piece or head rest C, of any convenient shape against which
the upper portion of the face of the operator is pressed. The object of this
standard B is to keep the eye of the operator perfectly steady in one position while
executing the drawing. The line of sight from the operator's eye (steadied by the
standard B, as just mentioned) to the object to be sketched, is intercepted by a
pointer a, which is arranged to travel in a plane at right angles to the line of sight,
and to which a vertical reciprocating motion is given as hereinafter explained.
D is a bar which is mounted on rollers, and is placed on the opposite side of the
board A to the standard B.-This bar is maintained in a position parallel to the
eye piece or head rest C, or in a line at right angles to the line of sight, in any
convenient manner.
In the drawing, a link arrangement D¹ D' is shown, the operation of which will
be readily understood without further description.
Firmly secured to one end of the bar D, and at right angles thereto, is a bar E,
extending inwards towards the standard B, and to this bar is pivotted a rocking
arm E', to which the drawing pencil or point b is attached.
Fitted to the bar D is the standard F, to the top of which is pivotted a rocking
arm F, which carries at its outer end the pointer a. The opposite end of this arm,
which extends slightly beyond the pivot, is connected to the lower part of the
standard F by a spring c, the use of which will be presently explained.
The pointer arm F is connected to the pencil arm E' by a cord d, which passes
round a pulley e carried by the bar D. Thus, the downward movement of the
arm F will be effected by the operator pulling on the cord d through the pencil
bar El, and the upward movement of the pointer arm by the spring c, the tension
of which will serve to always keep the cord d taut.
The lateral movement of the bar D is also effected by the operator pulling or
pushing the pencil arm E¹. Thus, when the pencil is brought to the right hand
side of the board A, the pointer will be found on the right hand side of the object
to be drawn, and vice versa.
The operator will place the board A approximately in the required position, and
he will then test the position by placing his eye to the eye piece C, and moving

page_text: the pencil and pointer about to ascertain whether the salient points of the sketch
he desires to make are within the extreme limits of movement of the pointer in all
directions.
He then places bis head firmly against the eye piece or rest C, and commences
to work, by guiding the pencil over the paper, so as to cause the pointer, which
intercepts his line of vision, to follow the outline, and mark the salient points of
the object or landscape he wishes to draw.
As the motions of the pointer and pencil are identical, an unskilled operator in.
the art of drawing can produce a correct drawing of any object.
The pointer may be made adjustable, so that the distance from the eye piece C
may be increased or diminished, thus serving to regulate, to some extent, the size
of the picture or drawing.
In use, the operator will guide the pencil over the paper in such a manner as to
cause the pointer which intercepts his line of vision, to follow the form of the
object he intends to draw; thus, the motions of the point and the pencil being
identical the unskilled operator can (as above stated) produce a correct drawing of
any object.
As before mentioned, the parallel motion may be given to the movable bar
in any convenient manner, but we find the simplest manner is by means of an
arrangement of link motion. The pointer may also be adjustable, so that the
distance from the object to be copied may be regulated.
It will be evident that instead of a pointer, cross hairs or other equivalent
means may be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1st The sketching or drawing apparatus constructed, arranged, and operating
substantially as herein shown and described.
2nd In a sketching or drawing apparatus, the combination with a bar, as D,
arranged to travel or reciprocate in a plane at right angles to the line of sight, of
a pointer, as a, and a pencil or marking point, as b, said pointer and pencil being
connected together by a cord or line d, all substantially in the manner herein
shown and described, and for the purposes set forth.
3rd In a sketching or drawing apparatus, the combination with a pointer, as a,
and a pencil or marking point, as b, both carried by a bar, as D, arranged to travel
or reciprocate in a plane at right angles to the line of sight, as described, of a head
rest, as B C, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 16th day of February 1886.