Improvements in the Manufacture of Cleansing or Soap Powder for Washing Fibrous and other Materials.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 10th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 15th Sept.. 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Cleansing or Soap Powder for
Washing Fibrous and other Materials.
I, ANDREW Ross SCOTT, of Carntyne Chemical Works, Parkhead, in the
County of the City of Glasgow, North Britain, Chemical Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows, that is to say :-
My said invention has for its object the manufacture of cleansing or soap powder
which whilst advantageously applicable for washing fibrous materials may also be
used for washing other materials.
In carrying out my invention cocoa-nut oil or other suitable oil or fat is saponified,
in any suitable apparatus with a slight excess of caustic soda; and after saponi-
fication the mixture is neutralised by the addition of any suitable acid or acid salt,
preferably boracic acid. Water and dry carbonate of soda is then added in such
proportion that the mixture will contain for example, say 40 per cent. of soap and
60 per cent. crystallised carbonate of soda. The mixture is then, by preference,
run into a tank in which a revolving drum works through which drum a constant
flow of cold water is maintained. The upper surface of the drum revolves in
contact with a scraper or knife which removes the cooled or hardened mixture.
Or the mixture may be cooled in ordinary soap frames or shallow tanks.
After cooling the mixture is pulverised in a disintegrator or mill and is then
intimately mixed in any suitable apparatus with such a proportion of sulphate of
ammonia as is equivalent to the carbonate of soda present. Carbonate of ammonia
becomes formed in the mixture and imparts the desired properties to the compound.
Instead of the water and dry carbonate of soda being added to the soap before
cooling the soap may be made in the ordinary way, and after cooling it may be
pulverised in the disintegrator or mill with the proportion of crystallised carbonate
of soda necessary, the sulphate of ammonia being afterwards added as herein before
described.
Dated this Twenty-ninth day of January 1894.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Cleansing or Soap Powder for
Washing Fibrous and other Materials.
I, ANDREW Ross SCOTT, of Carntyne Chemical Works, Parkhead, in the
County of the City of Glasgow, North Britain, Chemical Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:—
My said invention has for its object the manufacture of cleansing or soap
powder which whilst advantageously applicable for washing fibrous materials may
also be used for washing other materials.
In carrying out my invention cocoa-nut oil or "palm-nut" oil or a mixture
thereof is saponified, in any suitable apparatus, by boiling with caustic soda the
quantity of caustic soda employed being, by preference, slightly (say one-sixtieth)

page_text: in excess of what is theoretically necessary for saponification. After complete
saponification has been obtained, the mixture may either be left slightly alkaline,
or be neutralised by adding any suitable acid or acid salt, preferably, boracic acid.
Water and dry carbonate of soda (that is "soda ash") are then added, in such
proportion that the mixture will contain from 20 to 60 per cent., preferably from
50 to 60 per cent. crystallised carbonate of soda the remainder being soap. The
mixture having been maintained at or near the boiling point thus far, is next
cooled and becomes solidified. For this purpose the mixture is, preferably, run
into a tank in which there rotates a drum on a horizontal shaft this drum having
cold water passed through it continuously. At its upper part the drum rotates in
contact with a stationary scraper or knife which removes the cooled and hardened
mixture. The mixture might if wished be cooled in ordinary soap frames or in
shallow tanks or trays.
After cooling and hardening, the mixture is pulverised in a disintegrator or
mill, and is then intimately mixed in any suitable apparatus with a proportion
of sulphate of ammonia equivalent to the carbonate of soda present. Carbonate of
ammonia becomes formed in the mixture and imparts the desired properties to the
compound.
Instead of the water and dry carbonate of soda (soda ash) being added to the
soap before cooling, the soap may be made in the ordinary way, and after cooling,
it may be pulverised or ground along with the proportion of crystallised
carbonate of soda, the sulphate of ammonia being afterwards added as herein-
before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improved cleansing or soap powder formed by mixing or combining
cocoa-nut-oil or palm-nut-oil soap with crystallised carbonate of soda, and with
sulphate of ammonia substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this Ninth day of August 1894.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.