IMPROVE- MENTS IN HARROWS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HARROWS."-A communication from abroad by J. C. C. Meyn,
of Hamburg.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1860.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS," (communicated to mo from abroad by J. C. C.
Meyn, of Hamburg,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing harrows of rows of plates, of wedge-
liko form in plan, each plate armed with threo tines or teeth. The first
row of plates is connected by hooks or links inserted through the narrow end
of each plate to a cross beam, to which the drawing power is attached. Each
plate is connected laterally to that next to it by a book or linked passed.
through the side and near the rear end of each plate. The succeeding rows of
plates are connected to those in the preceding row by hooks or links passing
through the broad end of the plates in the front row, and the narrow end of.

page_text: those in the next following row. For some purposes the plates are made to
decrease in weight in each row proceeding from the cross beam. For transport
these barrows are mounted upon a frame with wheels.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HARROWS," (a communication from abroad by J. C. C. Meyn, of
Hamburg,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, tho said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in constructing harrows of rows of plates, of wedge-
like form in plan, cach plate armed with three tines or teeth. The first row
of plates is connected by books or links inserted through the narrow end of

page_text: cach plate to a cross beam, to which the drawing power is attached. Each
plate is connected laterally to that next to it by a hook or link passed through
the side and near the rear end of each plate. The succeeding rows of plates
are connected to those in the preceding row by hooks or links passing through
the broad end of the plates in the front row, and the narrow end of those in the
next following row. For some purposes the plates are made to decrease in
weight in each row proceeding from tho cross beam. For transport these
harrows are mounted upon a frame with wheels.
The accompanying Drawings show the manner in which this Invention is
carried into effect.
Figure 1 is a plan, and Figure 2 a side view of a two-horse harrow, mado
in the manner before described, and ready for use; it is constructed of four
rows or sections marked A, cach row containing ten or more scales or plates
B3, of a wedge-like form in plan, each having three tines rivetted into it in the
rectangular position shown in the Drawings, as seen more clearly at Figures 3
and 4, which show the details in plan and side view. The plates or scales B
are, by preference, attached to each other by double bent hooks marked II,
made of round iron, and these are hooked into holes punched in the plates B.
Chain links or other suitable form of hooks in some cases answer as well as
those shown; but for enlarging or decreasing the size of the harrow by coup-
ling or disengaging the plates so as to accommodate it to one, two, or more
horses, according to circumstances, the hooks bent in the form of an S are
preferred.
The plates or scales B are made, by preference, out of boiler plate iron, by
shearing and punching. If it is found necessary, particularly for light ground,
to make the harrow as light as possible, besides diminishing the thickness of
the hooks, the plates can be made either of thinner plate iron, or may be
punched out in the centre, so that they will form a frame to which the tines
are rivetted.
Another advantage is in some cases obtained by gradually decreasing the
weight in each row of the harrow, so that the first row next the cross bar C is
made the heaviest, and each following row lighter, which can be effected by
punching a centre piece out of the plates, or by gradually diminishing the
thickness of the plates, hooks, and tines, and likewise by gradually shortening
the tines in the last two rows.
To facilitate the transport of harrows from place to place, which is now com-
monly done by placing them on a cart, the harrow is mounted on wheels, as
shown at Figures 5 and 6, which are a plan and side view respectively; for
this purpose a wooden, or, as shown, an iron frame, with an axletree D, is

page_text: employed, having two wheels and a set of hooks (as many as plates in the row),
wedged or held by two side stays E to the front cross bar C of the harrow,
and it is fitted with guide wheels G in the centre; the back or last row of the
harrow is hooked on to the axletree D, and the middle of the harrow on to the
hooks on the bar F crossing the frame, by which means the harrow is lifted
and carried.
To remove the harrow from the wheels, it is first unhooked from the axle-
tree D and cross bar F, then the side stays E of the frame and steering wheels
G are removed, and the harrow falls down ready for use.
And baving now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not confine myself to
any number of rows or sections in each harrow, or to the number of plates or
frames used in each row, or to their particular form, weight, or number, or to
the number, strength, length, and angle of tines in each of them, or to the form
of hooks or links and tines; but what I claim is,-
First, the construction of harrows of rows of plates, of a wedge-like form in
plan, each plate being armed with tines or teeth, and all connected together
substantially as herein-before described and represented in the accompanying
Drawings.
Second, making the plates of which the harrow is composed to decrease
in weight in each row proceeding from the cross beam, as herein-before
described.
Third, mounting harrows upon a portable frame for transporting them from
place to place substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Second day of January, One thousand
cight hundred and sixty-one.