IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINT AND VARNISH
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Frederick Cornelius, of Great Queen
Street, in the City of Westminster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINT AND
VARNISH."
Sealed the 22nd March 1870, and dated the 19th November 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Frederick
Cornelius at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th November 1869.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK CORNELIUS, of Great Queen Street, in the City
of Westminster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINT
AND VARNISH," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in the treatment for the purposes of manu-
facturing paint and varnish therefrom of the mineral and vegetable
substances formed and found in the residium or dregs left in the process
of manufacturing varnish as ordinarily performed.

page_text: The improvements may be performed as follows:-I put in a suitable
copper or pot 10 cwt. of the above residium or dregs, adding thereto five
gallons of linseed or other oil. I then boil the mass until the whole of
the water is evaporated, taking great care that the boiling is gradual and
the temperature does not exceed 300° Fahrenheit, or the product will be
chemically altered in character. After the evaporation is complete I
cause the resultant mass to be continually stirred, and gradually raise
the temperature from 300° to 400° Fahrenheit. When the later heat is
obtained I immediately draw the fires, and quickly strain the contents
of the copper or pot through fine sieves and allow them to settle and
cool, after which I remove the dark matter found formed on the surface,
and treat the dark matter and the residue as follows:-When I wish to
make paint I take the residue lastly described and grind or mix with
it sufficient oil to convert it into a proper consistance for pugging
and grinding, after which the resultant mass is to be ground very fine,
when it is in a fit state to mix with and form the base of any desired
color, and after so mixing can then be treated with turpentine, oil, and
driers in the usual manner. When I wish to make varnish I take the
dark or surface matter described above, and add one cwt. to three
cwt. of linseed or other oils thereto. This amalgamation I place into
a varnish copper or pot and boil up to 300 or 400 degrees Fahrenheit.
I then draw the fires and remove the product (varnish) to vats or
cisterns to clarify in the usual way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Frederick Cornelius in the Great Seal 2
.. Patent Office on the 13th May 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
FREDERICK CORNELIUS, of Great Queen Street, in the City of West-
minster, Manufacturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 3
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said George Frederick Cornelius, Her special
licence that I, the said George Frederick Cornclius, my exccutors, 3

page_text: administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Frederick
Cornelius; my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term. therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "INPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINT AND VARNISH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said George Frederick Cornclius, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same- to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months. next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said. George Frederick Cornelius, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention; and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to
say:-
The improvements consist in the treatment for the purposes of
manufacturing paint and varnish therefrom of the mineral and vegetable
substances formed and found in the residium or dregs left in the process
of manufacturing varnish as ordinarily performed.
The improvements may be performed as follows:-I put in a suitable
copper or pot ten hundredweight of the above residium or dregs, adding
thereto five gallons of linseed or other oil. I then boil the mass until
the whole of the water is evaporated, taking great care that the boiling
is gradual and the temperature does not exceed 300° Farenheit, or the
product will be chemically altered in character. After the evaporation
is complete I cause the resultant mass to be continually stirred and
gradually raise the temperature from 300° to 400° Farenheit. When the
latter heat is obtained I immediately draw the fires and quickly strain
the contents of the copper or pot through fine sieves and allow them to
settle and cool, after which I remove the dark matter found formed on
the surface and treat the dark matter and the residue as follows:-When
I wish to make paint I take the residue lastly described and grind or
mix with it sufficient oil to convert it into a proper consistence for
pugging and grinding, after which the resultant mass is to be ground
very fine, when it is in a fit state to mix with and form the base of any

page_text: desired color, and after so mixing can then be treated with turpentine,
oil, and driers in the usual manner. When I wish to make varnish I
take the dark or surface matter described above and add one hundred-
weight (cwt.) to three hundredweight (cwt.) of linseed or other oils
thereto. This amalgamation I place into a varnish copper or pot and
boil up to 300° or 400° Farenheit. I then draw the fires and remove the
product (varnish) to vats or cisterns to clarify in the usual way.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Frederick Cornelius, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
GEORGE FREDERICK CORNELIUS. (L.S.).