Improvements in Fluid Pressure Motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application; 11th May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 12th Mar., 1900-Accepted, 11th Aug., 1900
Improvements in Fluid Pressure Motors.
I, WILLIAM EDMUND SIMPSON, of 28, Victoria Street, Westminster in the County
of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to gas, oil, steam, and like motors, and comprises im-
provements whereby a minimum number or set of differently shaped parts may
be assembled or combined in various ways and in various quantities or numbers
of sets to form motors of varying types and powers. By this means the cost
of production is greatly reduced, and a given motor may at any time be altered
in type by assembling its component parts in a different way, or may be increased
in power by adding a set or the parts.
According to one method of carrying the said invention into effect when adapt-
ing it to oil motors of four-stroke or ""Otto" cycle, each cylinder is cast in one
piece with a cylindrical crank chamber having circular end flanges or facings
to which are bolted end covers the said covers being provided with bearings for
the crank shaft and with feet, lugs, or clips for securing the motor to a foundation
or to the frame of a vehicle. The bolt holes in the covers and in the flanges of
the crank chamber being equidistant the covers may be bolted on in different
ways so as to bring the feet at different angles with régard to the axis of the motor
cylinder, whereby the motor may with the same parts be made horizontal, vertical,
or suspended, as desired. Each cover has facings on both sides so that another
crank chamber and cylinder may be bolted to it, the bolts then passing through
the two flanges of the crank chambers and through the cover, which latter then
acts as a distance piece. The outer end of the additional crank chamber is, of
course, provided with another similar cover. Thus single cylinders or units may be
combined to any power up to the transmitting power of the crank shaft, which is
made up of sections built up of crank pins, counterbalanced crank arms or discs,
and short pieces of shaft. The sections are provided with flanged or other
couplings having bolt-holes, teeth, or keyways so arranged as to permit of the
cranks being coupled up at different angles one with the other, according to the
number of cylinders or units combined together.
A bearing for the cam shaft, (which is parallel with the crank shaft, and built
up of sections in a similar manner) is provided on each cylinder or each crank
chamber, the said bearing being preferably in the form of an oil retaining box
surrounding the cams, and having bearings at each end, a hinged or screwed
cap or cover, and suitable openings through which the valve rods pass. The
said- oil box may form also a lubricator for the cylinder. The half speed gears
which drive the cam shaft are arranged in a box having flanges for the reception
of end covers similar to those above described, and any other gear employed in
connection with the motor may be arranged in the same or a similar box.
end cover or a bracket having similar feet and a bearing may be added to support
the outer end of the shaft beyond the flywheel.
An
The supply, exhaust, and water circulating mains or pipes are built up in

page_text: sections and each section is cast on or formed as a port within the cylinder
casting itself and has facings or flanges for bolting up to the adjoining sections
and also provision for securing the valves or valve boxes. Oil distributing pipes
or ports and vaporizing chambers may be formed in sections in the same way.
When incandescent tube or a like method of ignition is employed the tubes are
placed parallel to the cylinder axes and heated by a continuous lamp or furnace
extending along the line of tubes, such lamp consisting of sections as above
described, and being provided with one or more burners or oil jets and with open-
ings for receiving the tubes, and for air supply, at intervals.
In some cases, as in vertical launch motors, where the angle of the feet with
relation to the cylinder axes is not required to be varied, covers carrying the
bearings and feet may be each adapted to receive two or more crank chambers
and crank shafts arranged side by side. This arrangement is particularly adapted
for multiple screw propulsion. Similarly as in motors required to be arranged
horizontally only, the bolts connecting the sections of pipes or ports may form
the only connection between the separate units or motors, the crank chambers
then having independent end covers (which may be cast on,) provided with means
for ensuring the alignment of the bearings, and the feet being preferably formed
as extensions of the pipe or port sections. The sections may be connected by
right and left hand screwed nipples.
'
The bearings are preferably of the ball-joint or swivelling type, so as to accom-
modate themselves to irregularities in the shafts.
The outer end or cover of the cylinder may be cast on, leaving a hole only for
boring and indicating purposes, such hole being afterwards filled up by a screwed
or other plug having on its outer end an eye or a screwed portion to which is
connected a stay bolt or bracket for steadying that end of the cylinder. A similar
hole is provided in the further wall of the crank chamber, in line with the cylinder
axis, or the hole may be in the form of an inspection opening with a removable
cover, so as to further facilitate boring of the cylinder.
When cooling ribs or gills are cast around the cylinder the said ribs may be
connected by a cross rib extending along the cylinder, which affords a convenient
place for "gateing" or "running" the casting and protects the ribs or gills.
Dated this 10th dow of Mo 1800
Improvements in Fluid Pressure Motors.
I, WILLIAM EDMUND SIMPSON, of 28, Victoria Street, Westminster in the County
of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This invention relates to gas, oil, steam, and like motors, and comprises im-
provements whereby a minimum number or set of differently shaped parts may
be assembled or combined in various ways and in various quantities or numbers
of sets to form motors of varying types and powers. By this means the cost
of production is greatly reduced, and a given motor may at any time be altered
in type by assembling its component parts in a different way, or may be increased
in power by adding a set of the parts.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of an air cooled motor.
Figs. 2, 4, and 3, are elevation cross section and sectional plan respectively of
the feet and end covers of the crank chambers.

page_text: 6
Figs. 5, and 6 are elevations corresponding to Fig. 1, in which the feet are
arranged for vertical mounting and horizontal mounting respectively.
Fig. 7 is a sectional plan of a two cylindrical motor, showing cranks and crank
shafts, and corresponds to Figs 15, and 6.
Fig. 8 is a sectional plan of a single cylinder motor and speed gear.
Fig. 8 is a back view, showing the method employed according to the inven-
tion of coupling up the constituent parts of the motor, while
Fig. 9 represents a plan in section on the line X, Y, Fig. 1.
Fig. 10 is a vertical section similar to Fig. 1, of a motor in which a water
jacketted cylinder is employed while Fig. 11 is a sectional plan on the line X, Y,
Fig. 10, and Fig. 12 is an elevation of crank chamber cover and feet arranged
for two sets of cylinders and crank shafts side by side.
In the drawings the invention is shown as adapted to an oil motor of the
"Otto" or four-stroke cycle.
As illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9, each cylinder a is cast in one piece with the
crank chamber b, having circular end flanges or facings, to which are bolted
end covers c, which are provided with bearings c¹, for the crank shaft d, d', d²,
and with feet, 2 for securing the motor to a foundation or a frame e, e of a
vehicle, by means of gripping jaws f which grip the frame parts and abut against
projections on the feet.
Bolt holes are provided in the covers c, preferably within peripheral lugs 68,
and are arranged equidistant around the centre of the cover to coincide with holes
provided on peripheral lugs 6 (Fig. 8") upon the crank chamber b, so that the
covers may be bolted in any angular position with regard to the axis of the motor
cylinder, whereby the motor may with the same parts be made horizontal, as'
illustrated in Fig. 6, vertical, as illustrated in Fig. 5, or suspended as desired.
Each cover c has facings on both sides, so that another crank chamber and
cylinder may be bolted to it, the bolts then passing through two lugs 611 of the
respective crank chambers, and through the cover c as illustrated in Fig. 8ª, which
latter then acts as a distance piece.
The outer end of the additional crank chamber is of course, provided with
another similar cover. Thus single cylinders or units may be combined to any
power up to the transmitting power of the crank shaft, which is made up of
sections built up of crank pins k, counter-balanced crank arms or discs i and
short pieces of shaft dd, ². The sections may be provided with flanged or
other couplings, having bolt holes, teeth or key-ways, so arranged as to permit
of the cranks being coupled up at different angles one with the other, according
to the number of cylinders or units combined together.
Bearings, for the cam shaft which is parallel with the crank shaft, and built
up of sections m, m, m¹ in a similar manner, are provided on each cylinder or on
each crank chamber b. The said crank chamber has preferably an extension b
in the form of an oil-retaining box surrounding the cams, having the bearings 1, 7
at each end, a hinged or screwed cap or cover 68, and suitable openings 6 through
which the valve rods pass.
The half speed gears p, q which drive the cam shaft m, m, m³, are arranged
in a box having flanges for the reception of an end cover c similar to those
above described, and any other gear employed in connection with the motor may
be arranged in the same or a similar box. For example the speed reducing
gear q, p, p, q' illustrated in Fig. 8, may be carried within the box 3, supported
on each side by means of the covers c, c as illustrated.
The sections m, m, m¹ of the cam shaft may be coupled up by means of a coup-
ling collar o as illustrated in Fig. 7.
The air and vapour inlet and exhaust pipes are built in sections, and each
section is preferably cast on or formed as a port within the cylinder casting
tself, and has facings or flanges for bolting up to the adjoining sections, and
also provision for securing the valves or valve boxes.
As illustrated in Figs. 1, 8 and 9, the inlet and exhaust passages s, s¹, and t, f¹

page_text: respectively are formed of a uniform length corresponding to that of the cylinder
and chamber with which they may be cast integral, and the adjacent pass-
ages s, t, and s¹, t' are preferably connected together at their extremities by means
of flanges u. The contiguous flanges u may be connected together by means
of bolts, one end of the passages being stopped by means of one cover plate v,
suitably bolted to the flange u, while the other end of the inlet passage is con-
nected by a suitable pipe, shown in dotted lines Fig. 9 to the vaporisera, and
that of the exhaust passage to a pipe connection by means of which the exhaust
gases may be led away.
Similarly the vaporiser may be made up in uniform sections bolted together
as illustrated.
The lubricating oil distributing pipes are also provided in uniform sections w,
cast on the cylinders or formed separately. These may be secured to the cylinder by
means of a screwed boss or nipple was illustrated their extremities being pro-
vided with flanges by means of which the contiguous sections may be secured one
in line with the other. The oil may be fed into the cylinders through the pass-
ages w².
When incandescent tube or a like method of ignition is employed, the tubes y
are formed in uniform sections, and placed parallel to the cylinder axis and
heated by a continuous lamp or furnace extending along the line of tubes, such
lamp consisting of sections y as above described, and being provided with one
or more burners or oil jets, and with openings for receiving the tubes and for
air supply at intervals.
In the motor illustrated two explosion chambers 15 and 16 are provided, the
ignition tubes y² being arranged in connection with them, and being secured to
uniform tubular sections and y', screwed into the respective valve casings, to
which the transverse sections of the tubes y are screwed.
As illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11, the water, circulating ports z communicating
with the waterjacket 1, may be provided on the outer casing, so as to be uniform,
and so as to enable the respective cylinders with their water circulating ports
or connections to be bolted up together in series.
In some cases, as in vertical launch motors, where the angle of the feet with
relation to the cylinder axis is not required to be varied, covers c¹0 (Fig. 12) carry-
ing the bearings and feet 2 may be each adapted to receive two or more crank
chambers and crank shafts arranged side by side. This arrangement is particu-
larly adapted for multiple screw propulsion.
Similarly as in motors required to be arranged horizontally only, the bolts
connecting the sections of pipes or ports may form the only connection between
the separate units or motors, the crank chambers then having independent end
covers which may be cast on, provided with means for ensuring the alignment
of the bearings, and the feet being preferably formed as extensions of the pipe or
port sections. The sections may be connected by right and left hand screwed
nipples.
The bearings may sometimes be of the ball joint or swivelling type, so as to
accommodate themselves to irregularities in the shaft.
The outer end at of the cylinder a, (Fig. 1) may be cast on, leaving a hole only
for boring or indicating purposes, such hole being afterwards filled up by a
screwed or other plug . This plug may have on its outer end an eye or a
screwed portion to which may be connected a stay or bracket for steadying that
end of the cylinder. A similar hole 61 (Fig. 1) is provided in the wall of the
crank chamber b in line with the cylinder axis, forming an opening to facilitate
the boring of the cylinder, and being provided with a cover 6121, so that it may
be utilised as an inspection opening.
When cooling ribs or gills are cast around the cylinder the said ribs may be
connected by a cross rib extending along the cylinder which affords a convenient
place for gateing or running the casting, and protects the ribs or gills.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The sectional construction of fluid pressure motors, by the provision of a
standard single unit having the supply exhaust and other ports or passages
formed thereon or integral therewith, and provided with uniform facings so
arranged that a number of such units may be readily combined together to form
a motor of any required power within a pre-determined range, substantially as
herein before described.
2. The sectional construction of fluid pressure motors consisting in the pro-
vision of a standard unit having its sections of crank shaft, valve shaft, and other
parts and accessories self-contained therewith in such a manner that a number
of such units may be combined together to form motors of any required power
within a pre-determined range, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The sectional construction of fluid pressure motors substantially as herein-
before described.
4. In fluid pressure motors the combination with a crank chamber having fac-
ings thereon, of covers adapted to be bolted or secured to said facings, and provided
with feet, lugs, or clips for securing a motor to a foundation or framing, the bolts
being equidistant around the crank shaft centre, so that the cylinder may be
arranged in different positions with relation to the feet, substantially as described.
5. In a sectional fluid pressure motor, such as hereinbefore specified, a box or
casing interchangeable with any of the sections or units, and adapted to contain
driving gear for the valves or gear for other purposes substantially as described.
6. In a fluid pressure motor the combination with a cylinder and crank
chamber cast in one piece of an opening in the crank chamber adapted to receive
the boring head, and having a removable cover to serve for inspection purposes,
substantially as described.
Palta
this 10th day of March 1900.
EDWARD EVANS & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents,
Lonsdale Chambers, 27, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
And 105, Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.