Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for the Wheels of Road Vehicles.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for the Wheels of Road Vehicles.
We, WALTER SWAIN and LEONARD HARTLEY SWAIN, both of 177, Belmont Road,
Astley Bridge, Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Land Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows, that is to say:-
-
It has for its object, the production of pneumatic tyres for the wheels of road
vehicles, which when deflated may be readily applied to the rims of the wheels
upon which they are to be mounted and which on being inflated will firmly grip
or lay-hold-of said rims so as to be thereby enabled to perform the functions
desired of them efficiently.
In carrying our invention into effect we make use of the india-rubber-covered-
canvas to form the outer surface of the tyre of the well known kind with the
exception that we produce or construct the canvas part of said outer cover in such
a manner that when drawn or pulled longitudinally it will extend in that direction
but at such time it will become narrower, while when it is drawn or pulled
laterally or transversely so as thereby to have its width increased it will be made
shorter.
In producing said canvas we arrange the interwoven or interlaced threads so
that they are all approximately at the same angle to one or other of the parallel
edges of said canvas and this we arrange to be done whether same is produced by
weaving, braiding or other process.
We further form said canvas so that those of its component threads which are
near its edges are more nearly at right angles to said edges than are those threads
which are situated centrally in its width, by which means the central part of the
canvas may be varied in length or width by pulling or drawing to a greater
extent than will those at the edges; thus when strips of canvas formed in this
manner are covered with india-rubber and their outer ends are joined together,
they may be placed over wheels rims to cover inner tubes which on being
inflated, will draw or distend same to fit within the hollows of said rims and that
so as to grip same the more firmly the more said inflating tubes press upon them
since the lateral strains on said canvas parts will tend to diminish their lengths
and so bring them to bear firmly against the rims which counteract or withstand
such contractions of the canvas.
We may either produce both the central and edge parts of the canvas in one
part or we may produce them in separate pieces and afterwards stitch or otherwise
secure them together, but whether the one or the other of these processes is
followed, during its being actually carried into effect we arrange the threads
forming the edges of the canvas to be at a greater tension longitudinally than are
those forming the central part of same while at such time we have these said cen-
trally situated threads held or drawn laterally, by which means when the canvas
thus produced is brought into use by being distended from within, its central
part is caused to extend longitudinally while its edges are diminished in this
direction.

page_text: To produce tyres of other shapes than circular in cross section it is only neces-
sary to make the canvas parts in several sections instead of in only three as above
set forth, each section being held at the necessary tension (in which it varies
from its neighbour), during the time it is being secured to the others as above
described.
Coverings made of canvas produced as above described may be employed in con-
nection with inner inflating tubes, or by having their edges arranged to overlap
each other they may be used without such inner tube. Or again more than one
of such coverings may be used in the production of a single inflated tyre.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for the Wheels of Road Vehicles.
We, WALTER SWAIN and LEONARD HARTLEY SWAIN, both of 177, Belmont Road,
Astley Bridge, Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Land Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
It has for its object the production of pneumatic tyres for the wheels of road
vehicles in such a manner and of such a nature or construction that when same
are deflated they may be readily applied to the rims of the wheels upon which
they are to be mounted, while when they are mounted thereon and inflated they
will firmly grip or lay hold of said rims so as to be thereby enabled to perform
the functions desired of them efficiently.
In the accompanying sheet of drawings, which are illustrative of our invention.
Fig. 1 is a transverse section of a tyre according to our invention with an
internal tube.
Fig. 2 is a transverse section of a tyre without an internal tube.
Figs. 3 and 4 are plans of parts of tyre covers.
In carrying our invention into effect we construct the fabric or canvas part of
the tyre cover in such a manner that when it is drawn or pulled longitudinally
it extends in that direction but becomes narrower, and when it is drawn or pulled
laterally or transversely so as to have its width increased it is made shorter. As
braided fabric fulfils these conditions we preferably employ it for the middle
part of the cover and also for the borders bb (Fig. 3); but before uniting the
borders to the middle, we stretch the borders lengthwise so that afterwards when
the cover is bent to ring form they shrink to form the shorter circumference on
the inside of the ring, and when the tube is inflated, the lateral tension exerted
on them causes them to grasp the rim of the wheel firmly.
Instead of making the cover of three parts, a middle part with a border on each
side, it may be made in five parts as shewn in Fig. 4, a middle part a and two
borders 6 and 61 on each side. In like manner the cover may be made in a
greater number of parts.
Coverings made of canvas produced as above described may be employed in
connection with inner inflating tubes as shown by Fig. 1, or by having their
edges bb arranged to overlap each other on the rim c, they may be used without

page_text: such inner tube, in which case we cover the inner surface of the fabric with rubber
to make same air-tight.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
:―
A pneumatic tyre or cover for the tube of such a tyre consisting of a central
width and a border or pair of borders at each side, all of braided or equivalent
extensible fabric the borders being subjected to tension while they are being
secured to the central width substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Dated this 8th day of Wober 1900
W. SWAIN.
L. H. SWAIN.
Per Samuel Hey,
Agent.
W. SWAIN.
L. H. SWAIN.
Per Samuel Hey,
Agent.