CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Calvert, Manager, and David Montgomery,
Spinner, both of Annan, in the County of Dumfriesshire, for the Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING.'
Sealed the 7th November 1865, and dated the 24th May 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Calvert and
David Montgomery at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th May 1865.
We, THOMAS CALVERT, Manager, and DAVID MONTGOMERY, Spinner, both
of Annan, in the County of Dumfriesshire, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of dispensing with the weights.
now employed for giving tension to the warps employed in looms for weaving,
and relates to an application instead of a novel arrangement of mechanism,
which will impart a constant and uniform tension to the warps when the
pick" is "closing up," thereby producing a more regular and even cloth,
and which will also reduce or govern the tension of the yarn during
"shedding," and thereby cause diminished wear of the healds.
The improvements consist in the application and use of a shaft provided
with two projecting rings or recesses, which is supported in bearings beneath
the warp beam, and to which a rocking motion is given by means of a rod
and lever actuated by a cam on the crank shaft; each of these rings or

page_text: recesses supports on centres a vertical hollow cylinder containing a helical
spring. These springs are confined in the cylinders by means of a circular
plate or washer, which also forms the seating or collar of a thumb screw or
winged nut, which is screwed on to a bolt or rod passing vertically through the
centre of the cylinder, spring, and washer. The opposite end of this bolt
from the nut is attached to the ordinary rope encircling the warp beam, thus
as the said nut is screwed up or down more or less tension to the warps
during their delivery from the warp beam and the required regulation of the
tension is obtained, and the tension is governed in such a manner that the
warp during the time of "shedding" shall have the tension reduced, and
when "closing up" the warp is tightened by the aforesaid spring, one uniform
tension is thereby obtained throughout the entire piece. This is effected by
the arrangement or adjustment of the rod making the connection between the
rocking shaft, and the lever in connection with the cam actuating the same;
for instance, if the connecting rod at its point of contact with the cam lever
is brought nearer to or further from the fulcrum of such lever by means of a
screw, more or less throw or vibration will be given to the warp beam
thereby according to its adjustment, any tension may be obtained during
shedding that may be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Calvert and David Montgomery in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 24th November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
CALVERT, Manager, and DAVID MONTGOMERY, Spinner, both of Annan, in the
County of Dumfrieshire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Thomas Calvert aud David Montgomery, Her special license that we,
the said Thomas Calvert and David Montgomery, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Calvert and
David Montgomery, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

page_text: Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Thomas Calvert and David Montgomery, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Calvert and David Mont-
gomery, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings
(that is to say):
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of dispensing with the weights
now employed for giving tension to the warps employed in looms for weaving,
and relates to an application instead of a novel arrangement of mechanism,
which will impart a constant and uniform tension to the warps when the
pick is "closing up," thereby producing a more regular and even cloth, and
which will also reduce or govern the tension of the yarn during "shedding,"
and thereby cause diminished wear to the healds.
The improvements consist in the application and use of a shaft provided
with two projecting rings or recesses, which is supported in bearings beneath
the warp beam, and to which a rocking motion is given by means of a rod
and lever actuated by a cam on the crank shaft; each of these rings or
recesses support on centres a vertical hollow cylinder containing a helical
spring. These springs are confined in the cylinder by means of a circular
plate or washer, which also forms the seating or callar of a thumbscrew or
winged nat, which is screwed on to a bolt or rod passing vertically through
the centre of the cylinder, spring, and washer. The opposite end of this bolt
from the nut is attached to the ordinary rope encircling the warp beam, thus
as the said nut is screwed up or down, more or less tension to the warps
during their delivery from the warp beam and the required regulation of the
tension is obtained, and the tension is governed in such a manner that the
warps during the time of shedding shall have the tension reduced, and when
"closing up" the warp is tightened by the aforesaid spring, one uniform
tension is thereby obtained throughout the entire piece. This is effected by
the arrangement or adjustment of the rod making the connection between the
rocking shaft and the lever in connection with the cam actuating the same;
for instance, if the connecting rod at its point of contact with the cam is

page_text: brought nearer to. or further from the fulcrum of such lever by means of a
screw more or less throw or vibration will be given to the warp beam, and
thereby, according to its adjustment, any tension may be obtained during
shedding that may be required.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale of
about three inches to the foot, similar letters of reference being being marked
upon corresponding parts on all the Figures.
Fig. 1 represents in elevation the back view of a loom to which our
improved apparatus is shewn, applied for giving a uniform tension to the
warps when the "pick" is closing up, and for reducing the tension or
governing the same during the time of "shedding." Fig. represents a side
elevation of the same, shewing more particularly the apparatus in connection
with the crank shaft, by which the required movement is given to the warp
beam; Fig. 3 represents a plan view of the same, and Fig. 4 a detached
sectional view of the inverted cup or cylinder containing the springs by which
the pull on the warp beam is obtained.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a, a, is the framing of the loom; b, the warp beam,
and c the crank shaft; the rope d encircling the warp beam is attached to a
bolt or rod e, which passes through the centre of the inverted cups or
cylinders f. f, and the washer or plate i. These cups f, f, are supplied with
helical springs, one being contained in the anular space g, and the other in
the space h, and are retained in these cylindrical spaces by the washer or
plate i, and the thumbscrew or nut k, which is screwed on to the end of the
bolt e projecting through the said washer, so that as the nut is screwed up
more or less pull or tension will be exerted upon the warp beam by means of
the rope d, the regulation of which is effected by the apparatus described as
follows: The inverted cups or cylinders f, f, containing the helical springs
are supported in the rings l, l, to which they are attached by the transverse
projecting cutters m, m. These rings 1, 1, project from and form a portion of
the shaft n, which is supported in bearings fixed to the framing, and receive
an oscillating motion from the camo on the crank shaft by means of the
connecting rod p and lever q, the connection between the rod p and the lever g
being obtained by means of the nut and screw r, the action of which enables
the attendant to reduce or increase the distance of such connection from the
fulcrums of the lever 7, thereby allowing of a greater or less extent of
oscillation of the shaft n, and consequent throw or lift to the inverted cups or
cylinders ff. This throw or lift is to be regulated according to the tension
required to be given to the warps when "closing up" the "pick."

page_text: Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it to be distinctly
understood that we claim the novel arrangement and combination of appa-
ratus for giving a variable tension to the warp at the required intervals, such
as closing up" the pick" and "shedding," and for governing or regulating
the amount of tension at such intervals, as herein-before described, set forth,
and fully illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Calvert und David Montgomery,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-five.
Witnessed by
JOHN L. DAVIES,
Office for Patents,
Manchester.
(L.S.)
THOMAS CALVERT.
DAVID MONTGOMERY. (L.S.)