DRYING, CLEANING AND SINGEING
Year: 1885

page_text: шошѣ ащи тушь толще raprics.
I, EDWARD KEIGHLEY of 22, Highfield Scarborough, Agriculturists' Agent do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for DRYING, CLEANING AND SINGEING
to be as follows:-
Means and Appliances for Singeing and drying Textile Fabrics and Cotton
Seed; being also Improvements in apparatus (No 185881) for drying, cleaning or
cooking Grain, Fish-Scrap & other substances: Husking Rice, Parching Maize,
Shelling bats, &c, and Making Malt; Roasting Coffee, chicory &c; drying Tea.
Three cylinders of different diameters, forming annular spaces, fitted with worms,
the inner one of the three heated by new method.
This invention specially relates to a previous one, for which Letters Patent were
granted to me on the 29th of April 1881 (No 1858), but the improvements
hereinafter describ'd (being applicable to other methods of doing similar work)
are not confined to the machine described in Specification No 1858; although to
facilitate this description I propose to found my remarks on said machine chiefly :-
The Improvements consist, first, in means for obtaining a higher temperature,
and secondly in arranging for a continuous 'inflow' of the material to be operated
upon, and a continuous outflow' of the same after treatment.
For these purposes (separately or conjointly), I fix in the centre of the outer or
larger cylinder (describ'd in Specification No 185881) two smaller straight cylinders,
one of these (A) being a little less in diameter than the other (B) and both these
may be made of woven wire, perforated metal sheets, or blank metal plates,
according to the means adopted for heating the cylinder of lesser diameter (A),
which is made to the full length of the larger or outer cylinder, (form'd by
preference of angular shape) whilst the other cylinder (B), a little larger in diameter
than A, surrounds it (A), from the top end downwards, about two-thirds, or more of
its length, thus forming an annular space open at both ends; through this space at
the top end (the whole machine rotating in a diagonal position) the material for
treatment is allow'd to flow, or is worm'd on to the other end, where it enters loose
into the large cylinder, this being double-conical (with common base) & the cone at

page_text: bottom of machine, as shewn in Specification 185881, being shorten'd by making
extreme low end of large cylinder much nearer its extreme diameter (which is
shewn centre in figure refer'd to); the material entering from betwixt the two
smaller cylinders continuously drops or works towards the extreme diameter and
thence, as the cylinder fills, is forced forward and up the longer cone, and therefrom
allow'd to pass through slide-doors, regulated according to where the material
requires egress.
For obtaining the higher temperature I apply internally to the cylinder of least
diameter (A) jets of lighted gas (with or without blast) the steam and petroleum
furnace, or an ordinary fire.
Singeing Cotton-seed I claim to be original.
For Singeing and drying Textile Fabrics, I propose to arrange in a suitable frame,
a small rotating cylinder (made of Iron, Copper, Platinum or other metal), to be
internally heated by any of the means describ'd just above.

page_text: Applicable for Singeing and Drying Textile Fabrics.
I EDWARD KEIGHLEY, Agriculturists' Agent, of 22 Highfield, Scarborough do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
OF COTTON SEEDS &c. as above named, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to further improvements on an invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me dated the 29th day of April 1881, Nº 1858, the
present improvements having for object to obtain a higher temperature in the
apparatus so as to better adapt it, in some cases, for drying purposes; and to adapt
it for singeing and roasting grain, seeds, and other substances; cooking grain,
seeds, and other substances, Parching Maize, Preparing Oats, Rice and the like for
shelling, and making malt; also to provide for a continuous inflow to, and outflow
from the apparatus, part of the present improvements being also applicable for
singeing and drying textile fabrics.
For these purposes I fix in the centre of an outer or larger vessel (somewhat
similar to that described in the Specification of my said former Letters Patent, but
modified in the manner hereinafter described) two smaller straight cylinders, or
tubes, one of which is less in diameter than the other; both the said cylinders
may be made of woven wire, perforated metal sheets, or blank metal plates,.
according to the means employ'd for heating the smaller cylinder, which is made
the full length of the outside vessel (this formed by preference of polygonal shape)
whilst the other cylinder of slightly larger diameter surrounds it from the top end
downwards for about five-sixths or more of its length, thus forming an annular
space open at the lower end; into this space at the top end and through the same
(the whole machine rotating in a diagonal position) the material for treatment is
allowed to pass, or it can be carried by a worm to the other end, where it enters
into the large outside cylinder or vessel, which consists of two truncated cones,
having a supposed common base, the cone at the bottom of the machine being
shorter than that at the upper end; the material entering from between the two
smaller cylinders continuously drops or works towards the extreme circumference
of the conical vessel, whence it is thrown, as the vessel fills) up the side of the
longer cone, and is allow'd to pass therefrom through slide-doors in the conical
vessel, which doors can be regulated according to where the material is required
to have egress by these means the material is turned over and subjected to
friction.

page_text: For heating the apparatus I apply internally to the cylinder of least diameter
jets of lighted gas (with or without a blast), a steam and oil furnace, or an
ordinary fire.
For singeing or drying textile fabrics, I propose to arrange in a suitable frame
a small rotating cylinder of iron, copper, platinum or other metal, to be internally
heated by any of the means herein before described.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood, I will proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which figure 1
represents a longitudinal, section of an apparatus for drying, singeing or roasting,
cleaning and dressing grain, seeds and other substances, constructed according to
my invention; figure 2 is a section on line A. B, of figure 1; figure 3 is an
elevation of part of one of the sides of the conical outer vessel; figure 4 is a
longitudinal section shewing my invention applied to singeing and drying textile
fabrics; figure 5 is a cross section of the same on line C. D, of figure 4; figure 6, is
a sectional view, drawn to a larger scale, shewing part of the cylinder b and means
for heating the same.-Similar letters of reference in all the figures represent
similar or corresponding parts.
I will first describe my invention by reference to figures 1, 2 and 3.
a a represent the outer or large conical vessel constructed as hereinafter
described, and b and c are the tubes or cylinders placed within the large vessel a a¹,
the cylinder b being somewhat smaller in diameter than the cylinder c which may
be made of sheet metal for a portion of its length, the other portion being per-
forated for the purpose to be described hereinafter; the cylinder bis of the same
length as the large vessel a a', the cylinder c surrounding b from the upper end
downwards, for a certain portion of its length; d is the annular space between
cylinders b and c, the said space being open to the large vessel a a' at the lower end
as shewn in figure 1; a", a², are longitudinal strips or projections in the annular
space d, which serve to prevent the grain or other material falling to the bottom
of the annular space d, whilst rotating, thus subjecting the said material to a con-
tinuous and uniform heat from the cylinder c; the upper end of the annular
Врасе opens into an annular chamber e, formed in two parts, one of the said parts
is formed of an annular space between the two flanges on one of the ends of the
vessel a a¹, to which flanges are fixed the cylinders b and c, and the faces of the
ends of the said chamber e are turn'd true at f, so that they can rotate with a tight
joint against the other part of the chamber, which is fixed to the bracket g & may
be retain❜d in position by one or more springs; h is the shaft or axis, which
may be hollow or solid, also may be stationery or rotating; i is the hopper for
introducing the seed, grain or other substance into the apparatus, the said hopper
being connected to the fix'd part of the chamber e; jj represent, in dotted lines,
the worm or screw which serves to carry the material, being treated, through the
space d, from the upper to the lower end of the cylinder c.
The large outside vessel a a¹ is constructed in the form of two truncated-cones
united at their bases, the cone al being shorter than the cone a; k is a short tube
or cylinder into which the material falls as it comes from the cylinder c, and
whence it drops into the vessel a a¹; 1, 1 are perforated plates in the lower end of
the vessel a a¹ through which plates & through the opening 62, the dust from the
material is sifted or blown out of the apparatus by means of an air blast coming
through the pipe c², this blast of air (hot or cold) being also useful for drying
& other purposes; m, m (fig. 3) are the slide doors through which the material is
finally discharg'd from the apparatus, the openings in the vessel a a¹, which the
said doors cover are sometimes provided with wire-gauze, the meshes of which are
large enough to allow the material to pass easily, these doors are similar in con-
struction to those described in the Specification of my said former Letters Patent,
and can be regulated according to where the material is required to be discharged;
n, n are sieves or doors to allow the dust of the material to pass out of the
vessel a a¹, and by sliding these out, to allow of access being obtained to the
interior of the said vessel a a¹: The doors n, n (fig. 3) are kept in place, by

page_text: pivotted bolts n¹, n¹ held by thumb screws n³ against the handles n³ of the said
doors; when the doors are required to be pull'd out, the thumb-screws n² are
loosened, which allows the bolts n¹ to be turn'd out of the way of the handles n³,
whereby the doors n¹ can be removed from their seats: p, p are hollow partitions
or plates heated by steam from the pipes p¹, which are arranged radially round a
coil p³, fixed to the chamber y, by the pipe pa as shewn in figure 2: these
partitions p, p are for the purpose of maintaining a high temperature, at the same
time causing the material to be more thoroughly agitated or turn'd over, whilst
under treatment, as the vessel a a¹ rotates: q, q are jets of petroleum, or the like,
which is forced or flows into the apparatus at r, through a channel 8 in the shaft h of
the apparatus, it then enters the annular chamber t, from whence it passes through
the pipe u; v, v are steam jets, placed behind the jets q, q, and supplied with steam
from any suitable source, entering the apparatus at the opposite end thereof at w;
the steam passing through a channel x, in the shaft h, enters an annular space or
chamber Y, from whence it passes through an annular space 2, formed by a sleeve
or pipe around the shaft h; the steam then passes into the pipe 63 at the other
end of the annular space z to the jets v, v; the steam is thus caused to combine
with the petroleum, which, being lighted, will beat the apparatus, the heat and
products of combustion, after passing through the annular space c¹, between the
tube or cylinder b and the sleeve d', are discharg'd through the shaft or chimney d³:
the cylinder c may be perforated for a certain portion of its length, as shewn to
allow the heat from the cylinder b to more rapidly enter the vessel a a¹; the
sleeve d¹ also serves to protect the shaft h from the effects of the heat, and is
greatly assisted in so doing by the jacket of steam in the space z; e¹ and f¹ are
bearings having expansion joints g¹: h¹ and 2¹ represent the gearing by which the
apparatus is rotated.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-the gearing being set in operation,
the vessel a a¹ & cylinders c and b, also the sleeve d₁ & shaft h will be rotated, or
the shaft & its sleeve being fixed, the other parts may be made to revolve on it;
& the means of heating the apparatus being applied, the material to be treated is
introduced into the hopper i, and will be carried by the worm or screw j around
the cylinder or tube b, and along the annular space d to the opposite end of the
apparatus, the material being subjected to heat, whilst being turned over, or
agitated during its passage; it then falls into the short cylinder k, and continuously
drops therefrom into the large outer vessel a a¹, in which it is carried round and
turned over, being subject to considerable friction on itself, as it works towards
the extreme circumference thereof, whence it is thrown (as the vessel fills) up the
sides of the longer cone a, and when sufficiently treated is allow'd to pass there-
from, through the slide doors m, m, (which are opened in the required place and to
the required extent for this purpose) into sacks or the like, placed to receive it.
In some cases I may prefer to arrange my improv'd apparatus in a horizontal
position, instead of diagonally.
The arrangement of the apparatus to adapt it for singeing and drying textile
fabrics is shewn in figures 4, 5 & 6, and is substantially the same as the apparatus
herein before described, when referring to figures 1. 2, & 3, except that the
vessel a a¹, cylinders c and k, hopper i, and pipe c² are dispensed with; one of the
means used for heating the cylinder b is effected by atmospheric gas burners,
the gas entering the inner pipe v, through the channels in the shaft h, and the air
being forced into the outer pipe v' from the pipe w; the products of combustion
pass out through the pipe d; the cylinder 6 is fixed on the shaft h which is
rotated by the pulley operated from any suitable source, or the shaft h may be
fixed, and the cylinder b made to rotate on it; the jets of the pipes v & vl, instead
of being placed in the lines of radii of the cylinder b, are placed at an angle
thereto, as shown in figure 6 whereby the flame is caused to act on a larger extent
of the surface of the cylinder: As the heated cylinder b rotates, the fabric to be
singed or dried, is pass'd over the surface of the same, or at a suitable distance
therefrom.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. In apparatus for drying, singeing, or roasting, cleaning and dressing grain,
seeds, and other substances, the combination of a worm such as is herein shewn
and described for effecting the feed by conducting the substances from one end of
the apparatus to the other, with a conical outer vessel for causing the substances to
be turned or thrown over therein, so as to subject it to friction substantially as
hereinbefore described and represented in figures 1 & 2 of the accompanying
drawing.
2. In apparatus for drying, singeing or roasting, cleaning and dressing grain,
seeds and other substances the combination with a cylinder for heating the grain
and other substances of an arrangement for effecting an injection of a suitable
hydrocarbon in conjunction with an injection of steam substantially as, and for the
purposes hereinbefore described and represented in figures 1 & 2 of the accom-
panying drawing.
3. The cleansing of cotton seed from its fibre by a combination of heat and
friction.
4. The improved apparatus for drying singeing, or roasting, cleaning and
dressing grain, seeds and other substances, substantially as herein before described
and represented in figures 1 & 2 of the accompanying drawing.
5. The combination of parts forming the improved apparatus for singeing and
drying textile fabrics, to be heated by gas as shewn, or by other suitable means,
substantially as hereinbefore described and represented in figures 4 to 6 of the
accompanying drawing.
Datadithin 20th day of December 1885