Improvements relating to the Fastening Together of Pieces of Leather or other Materials.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 14th Sept., 1896-Accepted, 12th Dec., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Fastening Together of Pieces of
Leather or other Materials.
I, THOMAS COWBURN of Spring Villa, Brook Street, Gloucester, in the County of
Gloucester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The chief object of this invention is to secure together the welts and soles and
other parts of boots and shoes, but the invention is also applicable to securing together
other materials for various purposes in the arts.
To this end the invention consists in the use of pegs of twisted wire as the
fastening medium, which pegs, under the influence of pressure, are caused to firmly
grip the fibre of one part of material into which they are driven, and spread out in
the other, and thus securely hold the parts together.
In carrying out my invention, I first pierce a hole in the material with a suitable
tool the required depth. I then take two or more wires, which I twist together,
and from the twisted wire I cut off a peg of suitable length, and drive it into the
hole in the material by means of a suitable driver.
As soon as the points of the peg reach the bottom of the hole, and thus meet an
obstruction, the wires separate, and diverge at different angles, passing more or less
sideways into the material. The continued motion of the driver will cause the rest
of the spiral to flatten down, and spread out into a kind of head, the fibres of the
material (say, leather) entering in between the folds, which thus firmly grip the
fibres, so that the peg is positively prevented from working out under any circumstances,
and the parts are securely fastened together.
Dated this 16th day of December 1895.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements relating to the Fastening Together of Pieces of
Leather or other Materials.
I, THOMAS COWBURN of Spring Villa, Brook Street, Gloucester, in the County of
Gloucester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to securing together two or more thicknesses of material,
such as leather, for any purpose, and is especially applicable for attaching soles to
the welts, or uppers to the insoles, of boots and shoes.
The invention consists in the use of pegs of twisted wire as the fastening medium,
which pegs are, by pressure, caused to spread out in, or grip, the fibre of the material,
and thus securely hold the parts together,

page_text: The pegs may be driven entirely through the several thicknesses of leather, and
olinched on both sides, or only partially through the last thickness, as will be more
fully described hereafter.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown various methods by which my
invention may be carried into practice.
Thus, Figs. 1 and 2 show the two operations in driving the fastener only partially
through the lowest thickness of material, as shown at A in the enlarged view Fig. 3.
Figs. 4 and 5 show the two corresponding operations, when the fastener is driven
right through all the thicknesses of material, and compressed from both ends, as
shown at B, Fig. 3.
Figs. 6, 7, and 8, show three operations in driving a two-wire twist or a four-
wire twist, which are clinched at both ends, as shown at C and D, Fig. 9.
In all the figures, E represents the nozzle of a boot and shoe pegging machine,
and G the horn or post. H H¹ represent the thicknesses of material, say leather, of
which there are two thicknesses in the present instance, and J is a driver.
Referring now to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in which A will represent the twisted wire
peg used, the hole in the material HH' is first made by an awl entirely through the
first layer, and only partly through the last layer of material, in the manner and
for the purpose now well known. The twisted wire peg is cut off the proper
length, and is introduced into the nozzle in any convenient manner.
Fig. 1 shows the peg as driven to the bottom of the hole which has been pierced
by the awl, and
Fig. 2 shows the peg driven right home by the driver.
It will be seen that the points have been caused to spread out by coming into
contact with the material at the bottom of the hole, and to force their way sideways
into the material.
The coils at the upper end or back of the peg have been compressed together or
.flattened. by. the action of the driver, and during the compressing or flattening opera-
tion, the fibres of the material have entered between, and been caught by the coils,
thus causing an interlocking of the fibres with the coils, which entirely prevents
the pegs from drawing out.
In Figs. 4 and 5, the manner of operating to obtain the form of peg indicated
at B, Fig. 3, is shown.
In this case, the horn or post G is provided with an additional driver, which is
conveniently operated in conjunction with the top driver. The peg hole is formed
right through the layers of material, and the twisted wire peg is compressed from
both ends.
In Fig. 4 it will be seen the peg is driven beyond the lower layer, and the bottom
driver then co-acts with the top driver, to compress or flatten the coils from
both ends.
In the fasteners C and D shown at Fig. 9, the coils are slightly compressed or
flattened, and both ends of the peg are clinched.
Figs. 6 shows the peg C entering the work.
Fig. 7 shows the peg C right through the work, and ready for the compressing
and clinching; and
Fig. 8 shows the compressed and clinched peg in the material,-C, Fig. 9,
.representing the clinched two-wire peg on an enlarged scale.
.
In these figs., there are, in addition to the drivers, clinching tools.K, the heads
of these tools being dished out, leaving a conical raised portion in the centre, to
separate the strands of wire, and cause them to spread, curl round, and flatten down
onto the material.
.
In order to operate the top clincher, the top driver, which passes through the
clincher, is formed with a shoulder, which, when the peg is driven to its fullest extent,
ready for clinching, strikes against the clincher K, and forces it down, with the
result that the upper end of the peg is clinched and compressed, as before explained.
The bottom driver and clincher are perferably combined, that is to say, the driver
is formed with an enlarged head, the end of which is given the form above mentioned.

page_text: This clincher co-acts with the top clincher, as described with reference to the top and
bottom drivers.
D, Fig. 9, represents the appearance of a four-strand peg, and the effect of the
driving and clinching will be to make the peg form a tube, which may be left as
such, or filled in with a core, as desired.
Of course, this form of peg will be used only when it is unnecessary to have,
so to speak, a waterproof fastening.
دو
By the expression "compress or flatten, I wish it to be understood that the coils
not only come closer together, but that they also expand or enlarge in the manner
indicated in the drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
A fastener for securing together thicknesses of leather or other material, consisting
of a twisted wire peg, the points or ends of which, by pressure, are caused to spread
out or clinch, while the coils are compressed or flattened in the material, as and for
the purpose set forth.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.