INVENTION AND DISCOVERY OF CERTAIN NEW METHODS OF SEPARATING IRON FROM IRON STONES AND OTHER ORES OF THAT METAL, OF SMELTING IT INTO THE STATE OF PIG OR CAST IRON, AND OF REDUCING OR REFINING IT INTO THE STATE OF MALLABLE OR FORGED IRON
Year: 1792

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
FULLARTON, of Fullarton, in the County of Ayr, in North Britain, Esquire,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day
of June now last past, of His special grace, certain knowledge, and meer
motion, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Fullarton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His
special licence, full power, sole priviledge and authority, that I, the said William
Fullarton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of us, by myself
and ourselves, or by mine and our deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or
such others as I, the said William Fullarton, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should an d
lawfully might make, use, excercise, and vend my "INVENTION AND DISCOVERY OF
CERTAIN NEW METHODS OF SEPARATING IRON FROM IRON STONES AND OTHER ORES OF
THAT METAL, OF SMELTING IT INTO THE STATE OF PIG OR CAST IRON, AND OF REDUCING
OR REFINING IT INTO THE STATE OF MALLABLE OR FORGED IRON," within that part
of His Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in His Plantations abroad, in such
manner as to me, the said William Fullarton, my executors, administrators,.
or assigns, or any of us, should in our discretions seem meet, and that I, the

page_text: said William Fullarton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and
advantage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason
of the said Invention, for and during the term of years therein mentioned;
to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, privileges, and
advantages in and by the said Letters Patent granted or mentioned to be
granted unto me, the said William Fullarton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years
from the date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and
fully to be compleat and ended, according to the Statute in such case made
and provided; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that if J,
the said William Fullarton, should not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of my Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within the space,
term, or time therein particularly limitted and mentioned, that then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
should utterly cease, determine, and become void, anything therein contained
to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithsanding, (as in and by the said
Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large
appear).
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Fullarton, in compliance with
the said proviso, and within the time thereby limitted, do hereby describe'and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the sanie is
to be performed, as follows, that is to say:
In the first place, by means of hammers, jumpers, stampers, grinders, rollers,
cylinders, circles of iron, of stone, or of other materials, turning on their edges,
whether these different instruments be moved by hands, horses, steam engines,
water engines, or wind mills, or by the application of any. other adequate
mechanical power, to reduce into a pulverized state the. iron stones, ores,
and other materials in which iron is contained, previously calcining the
material when necessary in the usual mode; and passing the same through sieves
or bolters whenever it may be found requisite.
In the next place, to separate all earthly, impure, and extraneous matters
from the metallic particles by all or any of the following operations, (namely:)
by washing, levigating, triturating, wennowing, and by the application of
magnetic attraction, according to the nature and "qualities. of the different.
stones and ores. The materials thus' purified are to be put into the furnace,
whether blast furnace, reverberatory, or any other form of furnace, free-froni

page_text: the gross matter, which, according to the practice hitherto in use, has rendered
the fusing and fluxing of iron so imperfect and expensive.
And whereas the furnace in which iron has hitherto usually been manufactured
under the different descriptions of pig iron, cast iron, half blooms, blooms, and
bar iron, are liable to great objections: Now know ye, that in the furnace of
my construction, as follows, all the different processes of extracting iron from
the stones and ores in which it is contained, and of rendering it fit to be beat out
into bar iron, are more speedily, perfectly, and with less expence effected, (that
is to say,) this furnace is open at top, and may be made in a circular, square,
or oblong form, or in any other shape, the intention of it being to act as a
crucible, from whence the iron is not drawn off in the state of pig iron, as it is
usual in other furnaces, but remains as a loop or regulus at the bottom, and
immediately on finishing and taking out one melting, the furnace may be
charged again, and the said loop or regulus be heated and prepared for beating
or rolling into bars; the charge, consisting of coke or charcoal and powdered
iron stone or iron ore, is brought under the influence of a bellows pipe, which
blows towards the bottom of the furnace, and the slag or scorie are removed
at intervals by a proper aperture at one end of the furnace.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth
day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twelfth day of July, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Fullarton, came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute
in that case made and provided,