Improvements in Speed-measuring Apparatus, specially suitable for Locomotives.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 31st July, 1893-Accepted, 29th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Speed-measuring Apparatus, specially suitable for
Locomotives.
We, CARL GUSTAV THEODOR HEYDE, Mechanical Engineer of Ammonstrasse,
Dresden, Germany and BERNHARD JULIUS HENZE, Engine Driver of Falken-
strasse, Plauen, near Dresden, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to a construction of speed measuring apparatus
specially suitable for locomotives, in which the rotary motion of a shaft driven from
the locomotive or other body the speed of which is to be measured, is transmitted
to a spindle that is movable in an end wise direction and is provided with a ratchet
wheel by which the rotary motion is transmitted to a second spindle, the connection
between which and the first is interrupted at certain predetermined intervals so
as to allow the second spindle to automatically return into its initial position.
Arranged in suitable relation to the second spindle is a third spindle provided with
a step-disc. The rotary motion of the second spindle is temporarily transmitted to
this third spindle whereby the step-disc and a wheel connected therewith by a pin
are rotated, thereby causing by means of a rack and pinion, the position of a hand
or pointer on a dial to vary according to the rate of speed, and also the graphic
representation of the rate of speed upon a travelling strip of paper.
Furthermore means are provided whereby the third spindle can be moved back
to its initial position by means of a system of wheels driven by clock-work; and
the hand is arranged to be positively moved back with the aid of a special
arrangement of wheels.
Speed measuring apparatus possessing the above characteristics fulfils all the
conditions stipulated by the railway authorities, of which the following are the
more important, viz.:-
1. By its aid the engine-driver must be able to readily read the speed of the
train in miles (or kilometres) per hour.
2. It must be capable of graphically representing the speed during the whole of
a run and in such a manner that the speed at each point of the line can be read off
directly without calculation.
3. It must be capable of recording the time taken to travel from one station to
another, and of the duration of stoppages at such stations.
4. It must require very little attention.
5. It must be simple and durable in construction, not liable to injury by shocks
nor exposed to dust and dirt; not liable to work irregularly and not require
frequent repairs.
An arrangement of speed measuring apparatus according to this invention is as
follows:-
A shaft driven from the locomotive, the speed of which is to be measured is
arranged to transmit its rotary movement by means of a worm to a worm-wheel the
journals of which are hollow and bored to two different diameters. A spindle
carrying at one end a ratchet-wheel is mounted within the smaller bore in such a
manner as to be adjustable in an endwise direction. This spindle is rotated by the
worm-wheel, it may be by means of a driving pin. Within the bore of larger
diameter is a coiled spring arranged to rest against a collar on the spindle so as to
constantly push this spindle in an endwise direction, whereby it is caused to rest
against the end of a lever.

page_text: In a line with the said spindle is a second spindle carrying at one end a ratchet-
wheel facing the ratchet-wheel above mentioned and so arranged in proximity
thereto that it can turn freely in front of the latter. On the other end of this
second spindle is a disc provided with a crank-pin. The rotary motion of the
spindle is limited and does not exceed half a revolution. The initial position of the
disc is determined by a stop. Loosely coiled around this second spindle is a spring
which is fastened at one end to the inner wall of the spindle-bearing, and at its
other end to the said spindle.
The aforesaid lever is caused to oscillate on its fulcrum by means of a cam wheel
operated by clock-work which accurately regulates the rate of oscillation. This
lever pushes at predetermined intervals against the first mentioned spindle which is
thereby shifted end ways within the worm-wheel, thus effecting the engagement of
the two ratchet-wheels above mentioned with each other.
The arrangement is such that when by the rotation of the shaft the worm-wheel
is rotated, the first mentioned ratchet-wheel will drive the second one until the
lever swings backward when the first mentioned ratchet-wheel in consequence of
the action of the first mentioned coiled spring will become disconnected from the
second one.
By the partial rotation of the second spindle by means of the ratchet-wheel
fastened to it, the coiled spring surrounding such spindle is wound up so that when
the ratchet-wheels are disconnected one from another, this spring serves to return
the second ratchet-wheel to its initial position.
A repeated movement of the worm-wheel causes a second engagement of the
ratchet-wheels and the operation of the apparatus above described is again
repeated.
In line with the spindles herein before referred to is a third spindle to which is
fixed a spur wheel. On the hub of this wheel is loosely placed a bevel-wheel that
rotates either independently of such wheel or with it by friction. At the side of
the spur-wheel is fixed a tappet, which, on rotating the second spindle with its
crank-pin causes the rotary movement of the spur-wheel at a predetermined time.
The third spindle does not rotate whilst the second one is turning back into its
initial position.
A second bevel-wheel, the spindle of which is provided with a pinion engages
constantly with the aforesaid bevel-wheel and the pinion is constantly in gear with
a wheel of the clock-work through an intermediate wheel or pinion. By these
wheels and pinions the third spindle together with the spur-wheel and its tappet
are moved back into their initial positions and the tappet is re-engaged with the
crank-pin.
As the first mentioned bevel-wheel is mounted to rotate by friction only shaking
and squeezing of the crank-pin and tappet is obviated because the said bevel-wheel
is not rotated by the spur-wheel.
As the rotary movement of the worm-wheel takes place slowly or rapidly
according to the speed of the revolution of the shaft, and as the combined rotation
of the ratchet-wheels and of the spur-wheel by means of the first spindle is effected
in precisely equal intervals, such ratchet-wheels and spur-wheel are compelled to
follow such different rotary movements and in direct proportion to the same.
The spur-wheel engages in a rack which is alternately raised and lowered by the
rotation of such wheel. The movement of this rack is transmitted by means of a
toothed segment to a pointer that shows for the time being, the speed of the
aforesaid shaft.
The recording movement of the pointer may be effected at suitably short
intervals by the following means. A step-disc connected with the third spindle is
kept, by a tappet-wheel at a shorter or greater distance from the disc carrying the
crank-pin, according to the difference in height of the tappets. The rotation of
the tappet-wheel is caused by the clock-work.
By such arrangement the crank pin is compelled to rotate the step-lise by means
of a step protruding from the latter within say each three seconds, and to also

page_text: rotate by means of a pin the spur wheel hereinbefore mentioned whereby the
pointer is positively set within each three seconds.
In order that the pointer may remain for a longer time in its raised position to
allow of ocular demonstration of the speed, the following arrangement may be
employed.
At the rear of the toothed segment that engages the rack and effects by its
rotary motion an upward movement of the pointer, is a disc that forms part of such
segment and carries at its rear side two pawls. These pawls engage in the fine
teeth of a second disc fastened to a hub which is mounted to turn freely on the
spindle of the pointer. On this hub is fixed a wheel having a number of teeth that
are arranged either in a slanting position or are of circular section. These teeth
traverse one after the other the slanting recesses of a wheel arranged in a horizontal
plane. The latter wheel is mounted on the spindle of the wheel that engages with
the main wheel of the clock-work. The projections between the recesses of the
wheel are wider than the said recesses. On the rotation of the second disc, the
teeth of the wheel fixed thereto meet one of the said projections of the horizontal
wheel aforesaid, thus keeping the spindle of the hand from turning
hand thus shows the speed of the locomotive for a longer period of time than it
would otherwise do.
The operation of the arrangement just described is as follows:-
so that the
On raising the pointer by means of the toothed segment, a pawl pivoted to a
frame on the spindle of such pointer engages the fine teeth of the second disc,
thereby stopping the latter and also the toothed wheel fixed to it. If the pointer
has reached its uppermost position, corresponding to the speed of the locomotive,
the pointer tends to begin its downward movement; but such movement will be
prevented as in the meantime one of the pawls on the first dise will have engaged
the teeth of the second disc and one of the oblique teeth on the wheel fixed to this
disc will be brought against one of the projections on the horizontal wheel which is
constantly rotated by the clock-work. The downward movement of the pointer is
consequently retarded until the moment when the oblique tooth of the aforesaid
wheel can, by the further rotation of the horizontal wheel pass through the next
recess in the circumference of the latter wheel. The consequence of such retarda-
tion of the rotation of the wheel provided with oblique teeth will be a more or less
prolonged stoppage of the pointer, thereby allowing the speed to be read by the
engine-driver if he has happened not to have inspected the dial at the moment when
the pointer reached its highest position.
When the tooth has passed the recess in the horizontal wheel the pointer will
return to its initial position, or the upward movement of the pointer will begin a
second time before reaching its initial position.
For graphically recording the travelling speed the following mechanism may be
employed.
The rack is connected with a sliding piece that is alternately raised and lowered
with the oscillation of the toothed-segment. The sliding piece is connected with a
spring provided with a pin. A roller provided with tappets is rotated by the
clock-work and raises simultaneously with the engagements of the ratchet-wheels
the aforesaid spring which on the passing of the tappets becomes free to fall
against a travelling strip of paper. The pin protruding from the spring pierces
the paper-strip, the motion of which is caused by a roller in gear with the clock-
work which is wound up automatically by the rotation of the actuating shaft of the
apparatus.
Dated this 29th day of September 1892.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Speed-measuring Apparatus, specially suitable for
Locomotives.
We, CARL GUSTAV THEODOR HEYDE, Mechanical Engineer of Ammonstrasse,
Dresden, Germany, and BERNHARD JULIUS HENZE, Engine Driver of Falken-
strasse, Plauen, near Dresden, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to a construction of speed measuring apparatus
specially suitable for locomotives, in which the rotary motion of a shaft driven
from the locomotive or other body the speed of which is to be measured, is trans-
mitted to a spindle that is movable in an end wise direction and is provided with a
ratchet-wheel by which the rotary motion is transmitted to a second spindle, the
connection between which and the first is interrupted at certain predetermined
intervals so as to allow the second spindle to automatically return into its initial
position. Arranged in suitable relation to the second spindle is a third spindle
provided with a step-disc. The rotary motion of the second spindle is temporarily
transmitted to this third spindle whereby the step-disc and a wheel connected.
therewith by a pin are rotated, thereby causing by means of a rack and pinion, the
position of a hand or pointer on a dial to vary according to the rate of speed, and
also the graphic representation of the rate of speed upon a travelling strip of
paper.
Furthermore, means are provided whereby the third spindle can be moved back
to its initial position by means of a system of wheels driven by clockwork; and the
hand is arranged to be positively moved back with the aid of a special arrangement
of wheels.
Speed measuring apparatus possessing the above characteristics fulfils all the
conditions stipulated by the railway authorities, of which the following are the
more important, viz. :-
1. By its aid the engine-driver must be able to readily read the speed of the train
in miles (or kilometres) per hour.
2. It must be capable of graphically representing the speed during the whole of
a run and in such a manner that the speed at each point of the line can be read off
directly without calculation.
3. It must be capable of recording the time taken to travel from one station to
another, and of the duration of stoppages at such stations.
4. It must require very little attention.
5. It must be simple and durable in construction, not liable to injury by shocks
nor exposed to dust and dirt; not liable to work irregularly nor to require frequent
repairs.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figs. 1 to 5 illustrate a construction of speed-measuring apparatus according to
this invention;
Fig. 1 showing a front elevation of the apparatus,
Fig. 2 a vertical section.
Fig. 3 a horizontal section through the upper part of the apparatus,
Fig. 4 a horizontal section through the lower part of the apparatus, and
Fig. 5 showing to a larger scale and partly in vertical section a longitudinal view
of mechanism arranged in the lower part of the apparatus.
A is a shaft driven from the locomotive, the speed of which is to be measured;
it is arranged to transmit its rotary motion by means of a worm a to a worm-
wheel the journals of which rotate in bearings c, c' and are hollow and bored to
two different diameters. A spindle e carrying at one end a ratchet-wheel fis
mounted within the smaller bore d in such a manner as to be movable in an

page_text: endwise direction. The spindle e is rotated by the worm-wheel b, it may be by
means of a driving pin. Within the bore d' of larger diameter is a coiled spring
arranged to rest against a collar g' on the spindle e so as to constantly push this
spindle in an end wise direction, whereby it is caused to rest against the end of a
lever h pivoted on a pin h.
In a line with the spindle e and mounted in a bearing is a second spindle i
carrying at one end a ratchet-wheel k facing the ratchet-wheel and so arranged
in proximity thereto that it can turn freely in front of it. On the other end of the
spindle i is a dise provided with a crank pin. The rotary motion of the spindle i
is limited and does not exceed half a revolution. The initial position of the disc
is determined by a stop. Loosely coiled around the spindle and within the
bearing, is a spring which is fastened at one end to the inner wall of the
bearing, and at its other end to the spindle i.
The lever his caused to oscillate on its fulcrum by means of a cam wheel m²
operated through the pinion m¹ by the toothed wheel m of the clock-work r, by
which means the rate of oscillation is accurately regulated. The lever pushes at
predetermined intervals against the spindle e which is thereby shifted endways
within the worm-wheel 6, thus effecting the engagement of the two ratchet
wheels and k with each other.
The arrangement is such that when by the rotation of the shaft A the worm-
wheel is rotated, the ratchet-wheel will drive the ratchet wheel k until the
lever swings backward, when the ratchet wheel in consequence of the action of
the coiled spring e will become disconnected from the ratchet wheel k.
By the partial rotation of the spindle i by means of the ratchet wheel k fastened
thereto, the coiled spring surrounding the spindle is wound up so that when the
ratchet wheels and are disconnected from each other this spring serves to
return the ratchet wheel k to its initial position.
A repeated movement of the lever h canses a second engagement of the ratchet
wheels and and the operation of the apparatus above described is repeated.
In line with the spindles e and i mounted in bearings and 2, is a third
spindle n to which is fixed a step-disc t. On the hub of a spur-wheel o, loosely
mounted on the spindle n, is placed a bevel wheel p, which at times rotates on the
hub of the wheel o without affecting the motion of the latter, whilst at other times
the wheel p rotates the wheel o by means of its friction on the hub of the latter.
The step-disc t is connected with the spur-wheel o by a crank pin o', which on the
rotation of the spindle with its crank disc causes a rotary motion of the spur
wheel o at a predetermined time. The spindle is not rotated by the disc as the
latter turns back into its initial position.
n
A second bevel wheel 7 the spindle of which is provided at its upper end with a
pinion 92 is constantly in gear with the bevel-wheel p, and the pinion q is constantly
in gear with the wheel m of the clock-work through intermediate wheels 4 78.
and which are movably and adjustably coupled one with another in such a way
that the wheel m is forced to rotate the spur wheel o. By this means the spindle n
together with the spur wheel o are moved back into their initial positions and the
step-disc t is re-engaged with the crank disc l.
The step disc t carried by the spindle n is kept, by a tappet wheel a rotated by
the clock work r, at a shorter or greater distance from the crank dise according
to the height of the respective tappets in such a manner that the crank pin othe
disc is compelled to rotate the step disc by means of one of the steps protruding
from the latter within, say each three seconds and to also rotate the spur wheel o
by means of the pin o', such arrangement allowing the pointer Z to record
positively. A spring *, the forked lower end of which is loosely arranged within
a ring on the spindle n, moves the latter lengthwise towards the crank-disc .
As the rotary movement of the worm wheel takes place slowly or rapidly
according to the speed of the shaft A, and as the combined rotation of the ratchet
wheels aud k and spur wheel o by means of the spindle e is effected during
precisely equal intervals, the ratchet wheels fand k and spur wheels o
are

page_text: compelled to follow such different rotary movements and in direct proportion to
the same.
The spur wheel o engages in a rack which is alternately raised and lowered by
the rotation of such spur wheel. The rack z is also furnished with teeth at right
angles to those that engage with the spur wheel o and by means of these teeth and
of a toothed sector s its motion is transmitted to a pointer Z that shows for the time
being, the speed of the shaft A.
For graphically recording the travelling-speed the following mechanism may be
employed.
The rack is connected with a sliding piece y that is alternately raised and
lowered with the oscillation of the toothed sector s. To the sliding piece y is
secured a spring Q provided with a pin Q. A roller T provided with tappets is
rotated by the clock work r and forces outwards simultaneously with the engage-
ments of the ratchet wheels k and f, the spring Q which on the passing of the
tappets springs back and causes its pin Q' to pierce a travelling strip of paper the
motion of which is caused by a roller a in gear with the clock work r.
The operation of the speed-measuring apparatus herein before described is as
follows:-
The shaft A is driven by the locomotive at a speed proportional to the travelling
speed thereof and transmits its motion to the worm-wheel and thence to the
spindle e that carries the ratchet-wheel f
The oscillation of the lever h, which is as hereinbefore stated, effected at
predetermined intervals, causes the ratchet wheelf to engage with the ratchet
wheel fixed on the second spindle i. During the consequent rotation of the
second spindle i, the crank pin on the disc engages at predetermined intervals
with the step-disc tand by means of the pin o¹ of this step-disc causes the rotation
of the spur wheel o, the hub of which is thus caused to rotate within, and in the
opposite direction to, the wheel p. In consequence of the connection of the spur-
wheel o with the toothed sector s by means of the rack z, the pointer Z is turned in
front of the scale to a point corresponding to the speed of the shaft A for the time
being.
Whilst the rack is in its highest position the spring Q is liberated by one of
the tappets of the roller. It allows the pin Q' of the sliding piece y to pierce the
travelling strip of paper.
After the disengagement of the ratchet wheels f and k by means of the lever h,
the pointer is brought back towards its initial position by means of the clock
work r; and after the re-engagement of the said ratchet wheels, the cycle of
operations just described is repeated.
The step-disc t, the steps of which correspond in height to the tappets of the
tappet-wheel u, is shifted lengthwise to a greater or smaller distance from the
crank-disc in such a way that the pin of the said crank-disc is compelled to meet
one of the steps within, for instance, every three seconds and thereby to rotate the
step-disc t. The spur-wheel o, in consequence of its connection with the step-disc t
by the pin o', is at the same time rotated and the pointer or hand Z is thereby
positively set within, say, every three seconds. For setting the pointer Z say
within each three seconds the step disc t may be provided with three steps.
According to a modification of our speed measuring apparatus the third spindle n
is dispensed with and the spur wheel o is mounted on the second spindle i.
Either of the modifications of the apparatus may be provided with means whereby
the pointer for indicating visibly the respective travelling speeds may be turned
back automatically to its original or zero position by gravity. The original or zero
position of the hand will however never be reached whilst the locomotive is in
motion in as much as before reaching that position the hand will be again raised to
another point.
Also either arrangement may be provided with an appliance for automatically
winding up the clock-work so that winding up by hand during the motion of the
locomotive may be entirely dispensed with.

page_text: Furthermore either arrangement may be provided with mechanism for producing
on the strip of paper containing the speed curve, a row of holes beneath or above
such speed curve, to represent the distances travelled; it may for instance make a
hole through the paper at the end of every half mile or kilometre.
Fig. 6 shows an elevation of the modified construction of apparatus.
Fig. 7 a section taken on the line ab of Fig. 6, and
Fig. 8 a horizontal section of the apparatus with some parts removed.
Fig. 9 shows a horizontal section through the upper part of the apparatus,
illustrating distance recording mechanism and also a modification of the speed
recording apparatus.
Fig. 10 is a side elevation corresponding to Fig. 9.
Fig. 11 shows in plan and to a larger scale a detail hereinafter referred to.
Fig. 12 shows in detail the apparatus for automatically winding up the clock
work.
Fig. 13 shows a plan of part of Fig. 12.
In the figs. illustrating the second modification the same letters indicate the same
parts as in the arrangement described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5.
Referring to Figs. 6 7 and 8 the shaft A driven by the locomotive, the speed of
which is to be measured, transmits its rotary motion by a worm a to a worm wheel b,
the journals of which rotate in the bearings c. A spindle e carrying at one end a
ratchet wheel is mounted in such a manner as to be movable longitudinally by a
spring g one end of which is acted on by a cam on a vertical spindle rotated by
a pinion m¹ in gear with the wheel m of the clock work r. The spindle e is rotated
by the worm wheel and pushed from time to time in an endwise direction by the
spring 9.
In a line with the spindle e is a second spindle i carrying at one end a ratchet
wheel facing the ratchet wheel and so arranged in proximity thereto that it
can turn freely in front of the latter. Within the bearing a coiled spring is
arranged to return the spindle i into its initial position when the ratchet wheels k
and are disconnected from each other.
To the ratchet wheel ka spur wheel is fastened gearing into a rack which is
connected by screws to a sliding piece y suitably guided in a recess of a plate.
To one side of the sliding piece y is fastened a rack gearing into a sector s fixed
on the spindle of the pointer Z.
By means of the pinion m', cam h, and spring g the clock work produces at
predetermined intervals a longitudinal movement of the spindle e, within the worm
wheel b, such as to bring the ratchet wheel into gear with the ratchet wheel k.
The arrangement is such that the worm wheel being rotated by the shaft A
and the ratchet wheels and k being in gear, the ratchet wheel will drive the
ratchet wheel k until the spring g, is released by the cam h, whereupon the ratchet
wheel k will be turned back to its initial position by the coiled spring 2 which
will have been wound up during the engagement of the ratchet wheels and k.
A repeated movement of the spring y causes a second engagement of the ratchet
wheels f and k and the operation of the apparatus will be repeated as before.
As the rotary movement of the worm wheel b takes place slowly or rapidly
according to the speed of the shaft A and as the combined rotation of the ratchet
wheels and k and of the spur wheel o by means of the spindle e is effected
during precisely equal intervals, the ratchet wheels and and spur wheel o
are compelled to follow such different rotary movements and in direct proportion
to the same.
For graphically recording the travelling speed the following mechanism (Figs. 6
aud 9) may be employed.
To the slide
is secured a casing v with a pin which a coiled spring ² tends to
keep continually clear of the travelling strip of paper. The ends of a shaped
frame Q pivoted at Q2 rest against a roller T provided with tappets, and rotated by
suitable gearing from the clock work; and the connecting piece Q3 of this frame
rests against the pin protruding from the casing v. On the rotating of the

page_text: tappet roller T the frame Q is oscillated on its pivots so that the connecting
piece Q3 of the frame is pushed against the pin v' which in opposition to the coiled
spring, will pierce a hole at a point corresponding to the height to which the
sliding piece y has been raised by the rack z. On the release of the frame Q by
the tappet on the shaft T the frame will return to its original position under the
action of the coiled spring v².
The travelling motion of the paper strip which is coiled into a roll w, is caused
by a roller w' which is constantly in gear with the clock-work r.
The operation of the modification of our speed-measuring apparatus hereinbefore
described with reference to Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 is as follows:-
The worm a, the speed of rotation of which is proportional to the travelling-
speed of the locomotive, transmits its motion to the worm-wheel b, the spindle e of
which is moved lengthwise at predetermined intervals by means of the spring g
and the cam actuated by the clock-work as in the previous arrangement. The
ratchet-wheelf is thus brought into gear with the ratchet-wheel k so as to rotate
the spur-wheel o attached thereto and to thereby raise the rack with its sliding
piece y. By means of the rack in gear with the sectors the rise of the sliding
piece y causes a rotary movement of the pointer Z. The points of the scale to
which the pointer Z is thus brought will correspond to the travelling-speed for the
time being of the locomotive.
Whilst the rack is in its highest position, the pin mounted on the sliding
picce y is caused to pierce the travelling strip of paper by means of the oscillation
of the frame Q produced by the tappet roller T.
For automatically moving back the pointer Z to its original or zero position, we
prefer to employ the following arrangement.
The sector s (Figs. 6, 7, and 8) is fastened to a conically shaped disc B, the
interior face of which is constantly pressed against a correspondingly shaped disc B¹
by means of a spring B². The hub or spindle of. such disc B₁ is loosely placed in
the bearing B³. Such hub of the disc B¹ terminates at the end opposite the
pointer Z in a ratchet wheel C, which is engaged from time to time in a second
ratchet wheel C. The spindle of the pointer Z terminates in the space between
the two ratchet wheels C. and C¹ and the spindle c of the ratchet wheel C¹
protrudes through its bearing to such an extent that a spring C is capable of moving
it lengthwise so as to bring the ratchet wheel C¹ into gear with the ratchet
wheel C.
The protruding end of the spindle c* is forked and traversed by an arm C³, the
end of which rests against a second cam situated below the cam h on the spindle of
the pinion m' the arrangement being such that when the arm C³ is moved sideways
by the cam the ratchet wheel C' is disconnected from the ratchet wheel C. The
weight of the sliding piece with its rack and the toothed sector s will
immediately cause the pointer Z to move towards its zero position. But when the
second cam upon the vertical spindle clears the arm C³, the spring C² will cause the
two ratchet wheels to engage one with another and they will be rotated together by
the friction produced between the discs B B'.
The apparatus for automatically winding up the clock-work is shown in Fig. 6
and in detail in Figs. 12 and 13.
The construction and mode of operation of this winding-up apparatus is as
follows.
The part of the spindle projecting from the barrel of the clock-work r is formed
with a screw D¹ on which a disc or nut D is fitted. A pin D' protruding from the
under side of the barrel passes through the disc D and prevents the rotation of
such disc without a simultaneous rotary motion of the barrel of the clock-work r.
Usually the spindle of the barrel is not moved with the exception when the barrel
is wound up. Furthermore, on the spindle of the barrel a disc E is mounted, and
underneath the latter on a square part of such spindle a ratchet wheel F is placed.
A lever FI provided with a pawl F is loosely placed on the spindle and is actuated
by a cam F³ on the shaft A (see Fig. 6). The periphery of the disc E is provided

page_text: with a recess (Fig. 13) in which a pin E¹ projecting from the pawl temporary
engages. At the side of the spindle a lever G is mounted in such a manner that
when the disc D is lowered by the rotation of the spindle of the barrel the pin G¹
of the lever G will enter a second recess E' in the disc E, whereby the rotary
motion of such disc will be prevented.
The pin E of the pawl F2 will, on the further rotation of the shaft A, thus be
caused to slide on the periphery of the disc E and the pawl F' will thus be kept
out of gear with the ratchet-wheel F; so that further winding-up will be
prevented.
The distance recording mechanism is clearly represented in Figs. 9 and 10.
H is a ratchet wheel having thirty teeth and suitably mounted on a plate H¹
fixed to the casing of the apparatus; on the spindle of the spring of the clock
work an arm or lever H2 is loosely mounted and terminates in a forked shaped
The lever H' is
piece H³, which embraces an eccentric H' on the shaft A.
provided with a pawl H' kept in gear with the ratchet wheel H by means of a
In a suitable
spring. The ratchet wheel H is provided with a projecting pin H®.
position close to the travelling strip of paper and preferably at a lower level than
the zero line a bolt I provided with a pin on its end for piercing the paper is
mounted in suitable guides on the plate H' and is constantly pushed away from the
travelling strip of paper by means of a coiled spring I¹.
The arrangement is such that, the ratchet wheel H being rotated by the
oscillation of the lever H2, the pin He protruding from such wheel comes in contact
at a certain time, with a projection 12 on the bolt I, and on the further rotation of
the ratchet wheel H gradually moves the bolt I forward against the action of the
coiled spring I'
The distance of the bolt I from the travelling paper strip is such that the pin He
clears the projection I2 on the bolt I immediately after the pin on the end of the
bolt has pierced the strip of paper. The bolt I is then suddenly brought back into
its initial position by the action of the coiled spring I¹ and on the completion of
the rotation of the ratchet wheel I the piercing of the strip of paper repeated.
The distances between the holes thus produced in the strip of paper will be in
inverse proportion to the speed of the locomotive.
To ensure extreme accuracy in the working of the apparatus when used for very
high speeds it is preferable that whilst. the ratchet wheels fand kare disengaged
the rack should be partially raised again independently of the ratchet wheel ƒ by
means of the shaft A.
For this purpose the upper end of the shaft A is provided with a step-
disc K (Fig. 7), engaging with a second step disc K', provided with an
arm K2 (Fig. 11) and pressed against the disc K₁ by means of a spring K³. The
outer end of the arm K' acts as a support for two pins x, x¹ projecting from both
sides of the rack z. On the rotation of the worm a, the step disc K will raise the
step-disc K¹ a distance corresponding to the height of the steps, and the rack z will
be lifted accordingly, by this means the spur-wheel o fastened to the ratchet
wheel k will be slightly rotated and the teeth of the ratchet wheel will be also
slightly rotated, but at a less speed than the ratchet wheel f, until the ratchet
wheel comes into gear with it. By this arrangement the loss of time which would
be otherwise caused during the disengagement of the ratchet wheels f and k will
be prevented.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Speed-measuring apparatus comprising a spindle e that passes through the
hollow axle of a worm-wheel b that is rotated from a moving part of the locomotive
or other body the speed of which is to be measured such spindle e being caused to
rotate by the said hollow axle or worm wheel and being moved end wise at equal
intervals of time determined by clock-work, in such a manner as to cause the
B

page_text: engagement of two ratchet-wheels and k as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described and specified.
2. In speed-measuring apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim 1, a spindle i
provided with a ratchet-wheel k and with a disc 1 carrying a crank pin, and means
whereby said spindle i is first compelled by means of the spindle e to temporarily
transmit its rotary movement to a spindle n and to a spur-wheel o for operating the
pointer Z and the recording-devices y, Q, Q1 and is then temporarily disconnected
from the spindle e and returned into its initial position, the spindle n with wheel o
being returned to its initial position by means of the wheels p and q actuated by
clock-work substantially as described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 of the
drawings.
3. Speed-measuring apparatus of the kind referred to in which the spur-wheel o
is fastened to the ratchet wheel & with which ratchet-wheel the ratchet-wheel fis
from time to time put into gear by a spring g acting on the spindle e and actuated
by a cam h rotated by the clock-work r, substantially as described and shown.
4. In speed-measuring apparatus of the kind referred to, the herein described
means for causing the pointer and the recording device v v² to resume their
normal positions.
5. In speed-measuring apparatus of the kind referred to means for automatically
winding up the spring of the clock-work substantially as shewn in and described
with reference to Figs. 12 and 13.
6. In speed-measuring apparatus of the kind referred to mechanism for graphically
recording the distances travelled, substantially as shewn in and described with
reference to Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings.
7. In speed-measuring apparatus of the kind referred to the combination with a
worm a for rotating the ratchet-wheels kand f of two step-discs K, K¹ for temporarily
lifting the rack and temporarily rotating the spur-wheel o, for the purpose of
causing the said ratchet-wheels to properly engage without any loss of time at any
speed of the locomotive substantially as described with reference to Figs. 7 and 11
of the drawings.
8. Speed-measuring apparatus constructed substantially as shewn in and described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1
01
1
CT 3
1000
C. G. T. HEYDE,
By L. W., per F. B.
B. J. HENZE,
By L. W., per F. B.