AN IMPROVEMENT IN CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Allen Silvester, of Edgware Road, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CARRIAGE
WHEELS."-A communication from abroad by Henry Silvester, of
Saint Louis, Missouri, in the United States of America.
Sealed the 21st June 1872, and dated the 1st January 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Allen Silvester at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st January 1872.
I, ALLEN SILVESTER, of Edgware Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN Improve-
MENT IN CARRIAGE WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in carriage wheels,
and consists in making the tyres of such wheels with channels or recesses
at their inner parts to receive the felloes of the wheels, which are corre-
spondingly formed, the sides or edges of such channels or recesses in the

page_text: tyres forming flanges or projections by which the felloes are embraced
or held and protected, thereby strengthening and increasing the durability
of the wheel generally and dispensing with the use of bolts or rivets.
The tyres are welded in the ordinary way, and are fixed on to the
felloes by first expanding the tyre by heat sufficiently to go easily over 5
the wheel and then contracting the tyre by cooling until it clasps the
wheel tightly.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Allen Silvester in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st July 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALLEN
SILVESTER, of Edgware Road, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Allen Silvester, Her special
licence that I, the said Allen Silvester, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Allen Silvester, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
CARRIAGE WHEELS," a communication to me from abroad by Henry
Silvester, of Saint Louis, Missouri, in the United States of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Allen Silvester, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Allen Silvester, do hereby declarc
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to Drawings accompanying
these Presents by the words, figures, and letters marked thereon and
herein referred to, that is to say :-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a section of a wheel containing my
improvement, and Fig. 2 is a cross section of a felloe and tyre of the
same. Letters of like character and kind refer to like parts in each of
the Figures.
My Invention is an improvement in the construction of carriage and
waggon tyres and felloes, by means of which increased strength, dura-
bility, and security of attachment are obtained, and a reduction of the
weight of metal rendered practicable, and it consists principally in a
carriage tyre provided with one or more vertical and lateral flanges
substantially as and for the purpose hereafter specified. It consists
further in a combination of a felloe provided with one or more rabbets or
grooves within its outer face with a tyre provided with one or more
vertical flanges substantially as and for the purpose herein-after set
forth.
In the annexed Drawing A represents the felloc, and B the spokes of
a carriage wheel of ordinary construction except that within each of the
upper corners of said felloe is formed a rabbet a having its lower side
horizontal, while its inner side or face inclines inward and upward as
shown. Encircling the periphery of the felloes is a tyre Cupon or
within the inner face of which are two flanges c which correspond in
size, shape, and position to the like features of the rabbet a, and pro-
jecting radially inwards fill the same so as to confine said tyre and felloe
in relative lateral position. Other flanges c' projecting horizontally out-
ward from either edge of the tyre complete the same, which is expanded
by heat and shrunk upon the wheel in the usual manner, and when in
position is held without the use of bolts, screws, or rivets. This lateral
projecting flange may be made so as to give the tyre a light appearance,
as one-half of the tyre can be made level with and painted like the
felloe, and will not be noticed when the wheel is finished. This tyre has
also great advantage when the wheel has to be repaired as the tyre can

page_text: replaced.
Figs. 3 to 32 inclusive are cross sections of modifications of my tyre,
and in such cases respectively I construct my felloes to correspond.
The special advantages possessed by this construction and attachment
of the tyre are,-
1st. By means of the vertical and lateral flanges a material increase
of strength is secured so as to enable a less weight of metal to be
employed.
2nd. The lateral flanges receive all side wear that would otherwise
come upon or in other manner mutilate the felloes, by which means the
durability of said parts is increased and a less frequent renewal of paint
upon said felloes rendered necessary.
5
1
3rd. By means of the vertical flanges a tyre and wheel are so firmly 1
united as to require the employment of neither bolts or rivets while the
inward pressure of said flanges upon the felloes effectually prevents the
same from splitting and thereby materially increases their durability.
4th. In some cases it may be found necessary instead of making the
inner edges of the vertical flanges sharp and thin to make them square 2
and blunt in order to avoid all difficulty from the wrinkling of said
flanges as they pass through the tyre bending machinc, and in making
them thus less liability exists of their injury in heating.
5th. The cost of tyring wheels is reduced by this method, as the drilling
and bolting process of the old way is done away with and a less weight 2
of metal is required to produce the same strength.
6th. By leaving out the bolt holes the wheel is very much stronger,
for in the old way the wheel is much weakened by the drilling of the
bolt holes, and this last difficulty is multiplied when the old style of tyre
has to be reset owing to the fact that the tyre being smaller when reset 3
new holes in the felloe become necessary, and so
on with every
resetting.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of my Invention, and in what manner the same may be performed
or put in practice, what I claim is,—
3

page_text: 1st. A carriage tyre provided with one or more vertical flanges for
holding the same in position upon the wheel, and projecting laterally
outward beyond the fellocs from either side, substantially as and for the
5
2nd. A combination of the fellocs provided with rabbets with a tyre
provided with flanges, and substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
3rd. A carriage tyre provided with inwardly projecting flanges when
the inner edge of each flange is square or blunt, substantially as and for
0 the purpose shown.
In witness whercof, I, the said Allen Silvester, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
ALLEN SILVESTER. (L.S.)
15 Witness,
THOMAS MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street.