Improvements in and relating to Petroleum Motors.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 20th May, 1895--Accepted, 22nd June, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Petroleum Motors.
I, FRIEDRICH MEX, of No. 9 Bogeninowa Street, Moscow, in the Empire of
Russia, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved double acting petroleum-motor, in which
each stroke of the piston is a working stroke, whereas the ordinary petroleum-
motors are mostly single acting.
This action is attained by arranging adjacent to the working cylinder a filling
cylinder, the piston of which, moved by the motor shaft, alternately draws in
petroleum-gas, forcing the latter into the working cylinder, during which operation,
valves likewise regulated by the motor shaft effect the correct "cut-off" between
the two cylinders. In order to utilize the power of the petroleum as completely as
possible, the motor is in addition provided with a special gasifying apparatus,
which produces highly dry vapours so that no greasy residues remain in the
cylinder.
The subject matter of this invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings
in which
Figure 1 is a side-view of the motor.
Figure 2 is a top view of the same with the cylinders shown in section.
Figure 3 a cross section through both the cylinders.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the gasifying apparatus ;
Figure 5 is an end view of the same without the cover,
Figure 6 is a view of the inner vapourizing cone with hoops and
Figure 7 is a section of the said vapourizing cone.
The motor comprises a working cylinder a and a filling cylinder 6 in which two
pistons c and d respectively move; their crank-shafts being so arranged that the
piston of the filling cylinder slightly precedes in movement the piston a of the
working-cylinder, as will be seen from the drawing (Figure 2). The working
cylinder has two exhaust-valves 2. These exhaust valves are actuated by a
The filling
valve-rod which is connected to the eccentric I of the motor shaft.
cylinder b has four valves, namely two filling-valves cc, which are' actuated by a
valve-rod c in common, the latter being connected with the eccentric II of the
motor shaft, and two suction valves d' which automatically draws the petroleum
vapour into the filling cylinder. The valves c¹ c² communicate with the working
cylinder a by means of channels to which latter the tubular pieces f for the
ignition are fixed.
The simultaneous actuation of the valves 2 takes place from the valve rod h
by means of two pins ³, which act upon the spindle of the valves ¹² by the
aid of the angular levers 1, so that the one of said valves is opened and the other
kept closed.
The actuation of the valves c¹² takes place in a similar inanner.
The method of operation of the motor is as follows:
The piston in the smaller or filling cylinder fills and sucks at the same time.
During the suction the valve c' closes and the valve d' opens; simultaneously the
filling of the working cylinder takes place through the filling valve during
which operation the suction valve d is closed. The filling valve c² is not opened
hy the valve rod e until the burnt gas has beeu forced out of the working cylinder a

page_text: and until the exhaust-valve 2 is closed, when the piston e will be in the position
indicated in Figure 2. Now the filling takes place, during which the filling piston d³
forces the compressed gas out of the filling cylinder into the working cylinder,
whereupon the valve is closed, so that the still advancing piston c still further
compresses the already compressed petroleum vapour. When both valves
and c²
are closed and when the working piston has compressed the vapours to the highest
possible degree, then the ignition (by electrical means in the present example) takes
place and the piston o is forced back whereupon the same cycle of operations takes
place upon the other side.
The cylinders as well as the valves are provided with a cooling arrangement.
The cooling water enters the larger or working cylinder, thence passes to the
smaller or filling cylinder and subsequently is discharged at the outside or into any
suitable reservoir.
The piston and piston-rod may likewise be provided with a cooling arrangement.
For this purpose the piston must be made in two halves and the piston rod be made
hollow, the latter in this case being elongated passes through the second cover
and is connected to the cross-head by means of a spiral hose or the like, so that
the water, here introduced flows through the interior of the piston and leaves at
the rear.
Moreover appropriate safety valves are arranged at the filling cylinder, in
order to prevent the same from bursting in case the ignition should take place
too soon.
For securing a complete gasification of the petroleum and in order to obtain
highly dry petroleum vapours, leaving no residue in the cylinder after their com-
bustion, a special gasifying apparatus is arranged on the motor, the detail parts of
which apparatus are indicated in Figures 4 to 7. This gasifying apparatus consists
of an outer cone, which is at its top closed by an asbestos-packing; at both
extremities this apparatus is provided with screwing devices x and y.
In the
interior of this cone the gasifier proper is arranged, consisting of two cones which
are likewise tightened by means of asbestos and the second of which (Figure 6,
Figure 7) has three hoops which tightly close against the first one. The hollow
space between the hoops is filled with iron-scales. The petroleum enters at i
through a tubular connection and then passes the rings in the direction of the
arrows indicated in Figure 6 and leaves at g in the form of very dry vapour, whilst
the exhaust gas entering at a surrounds the gasifying apparatus, heating the same
and ultimately flowing out again at y. These gasifying apparatus are arranged
in pairs at the exhaust orifice. Before the motor is started the said gasifying
apparatus must be previously heated by a lamp or the like for about 10 minutes
until the exhaust gases are enabled to independently effect the vaporization of the
petroleum.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
-
1. A double acting petroleum motor the characteristic features of which consist,
that the gas during the action of the motor is alternately drawn through the
valves (dd) into a filling cylinder b, is compressed therein and forced through
the valves cc² into the working cylinder; the ignition of the gas and its discharge
taking place subsequently after the said valves c¹² are closed, through the
valves h¹ h².
2. In the motor described in the first claim the arrangement for the regulation
of the valves c¹ c² 3 by means of eccentric rods and h respectively and
angular levers, so that alternately one valve is opened while the other is kept
closed.
3. In the motor described in the first claim the arrangement of a gasifying
apparatus, the essential feature of which is a gasifying cone filled with metal
scales, which cone is provided in its interior with hoops, so that the petroleum

page_text: is forced to pass therethrough in spiral direction; the heating of this gasifying
cone being effected by the exhaust gases, which are passed through around the
outer cone.
Dated this 20th day of May 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.