CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SAW SETS, MALLETS, AND OTHER TOOLS, AND IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MATTHEW
TRATTLES, of Rochester, in the County of Kent, Tool Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirty-first day of July, in the
fourteenth year of Her reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Matthew
Trattles, my exors, aduiors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Matthew Trattles, my exors, admors,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said Matthew Trattles, my- exors,
admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter, during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in the
Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her Colo-
nies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
SAW SETS, MALLETS, AND OTHER TOOLS, AND IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY FOR
MANUFACTURING THE SAME;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained
a proviso requiring that I, the said Matthew Trattles, shall particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be
enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Matthew Trattles, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by this present Instrument in writing, reference being
had to the several Drawings hereunto annexed and herein described, and in
which several Drawings similar parts are marked and referred to by similar
letters or figures (that is to say):-
My said Invention consists of,-
Firstly, in the application of metal as a hollow head to mallets, into which
the wood may be fitted at either end, which said part comes in contact with
the tool struck by the said mallet.
Secondly, in the application of a spiral file, which may be fitted on to a
metal cylinder, or made solid to work on its own axis, or a coiled file fitted in
a metal box, for the purpose of sharpening saws, such formed files being put
in motion by suitable apparatus by hand or otherwise, the saw being in a
state of rest. The coiled files are so made that either outward edge may be
used.
Thirdly, my improvements consist of an apparatus for setting saws, by which
arrangement saws of every description may be set; two teeth or more may be
set at one time. The arrangement is such that the saw is moved forward
as the teeth are set, so that the following tooth or teeth are brought under the
part of the apparatus by which the operation is effected.
'
Lastly, in the arrangement for making the dies or punches used in the saw-
setting apparatus by pressure, as herein described.
I will now proceed to describe the Drawings annexed hereto, and which are
illustrative of my Invention:-
Figure 1, Sheet A, represents a perfect .or finished mallet with the metal
hollow head. Figure 2, same Sheet, is a sectional view of the same, without
the handle. a is the hollow metal head, which is to be of cast metal, and so
formed that the pieces of wood b, b, are fitted into the same, as wedges. At
each end square holes are to be cored in the top and bottom sides of the
mallet head of such proportionate dimensions that the square part of the
handle c, being tapered, fits in the same as a wedge.
Figure 3 and Figure 4, Sheet A, represent a plan in part, and a side elevation
of my saw-sharpening apparatus, in which I use the spiral file, fitted on to a

page_text: cylinder having a rotary motion; the file may be continued in length so that the
spiral file forms as it were a thread of a screw round the cylinder, as represented in
Figure 11. This arrangement may be found useful for some description of saws,
the files may be cut on their own spindles, and made smaller in diameter, which
would obviate the fitting them on to cylinders. f. f, are metal side framés
secured together by the front piece f 1, stretcher f 2, and top piece f 3, (shewn
separately at Fig. 5); the axles of the cylinder e take their bearings in the
side frames f, f. On one end of the cylinder e is cast or fitted the small bevél
tooth wheel or rack ; into the side frame f. is fitted an upright spindle i,
having-cut on its top end a long pinion which works or takes into the wheel or
rack h, on the end of the cylinder e; the tooth wheel, which is attached by
its axis to the handle m, also takes or works into the top of the pinion
on the spindle i, the handle m being put in motion by the hand. The
cylinder e, by the said arrangement, is caused to revolve on its axis, and the
file d,. being attached thereto, is moved in the same direction. The sliding
rests g, g, are fitted on a boss on the side frames f. f, and may be lengthened
or shortened as required; when properly placed they are fixed tight. by the
collar and screw j. k, k, are guides which move backward or forward in the
slots of the rests 9, 9, and if necessary made to revolve on their axis; they
are tightened in their place as required by the screws, as shewn. These
guides k, k, are for the purpose of regulating the distance at which the saw
should be placed on the rest g, g, from the file d. Two adjusting screws are
attached to the cylinder e on either side of the file d at the part where it is
open, for the purpose of regulating the distance of the same suitable to the
sizo of the teeth of the saw to be sharpened; any other arrangement may be
used which will effect the same purpose. The operation of the machine is as
follows: The apparatus being put in motion as described, and in the direction
indicated by the arrow, the saw being placed and held on the rests g, g, that
part of the file d marked a takes first into the tooth, and the file continues in
the same tooth as it entered until that part of the same marked z leaves it,
at the same time its action carries the saw forward, and the next tooth of
the same is entered by that part of the file marked a. Thus the operation is
repeated until the saw is sharpened, each tooth being regularly taken or
entered by the file in succession...
Figure 6, Sheet A, is a plan, and Figure 7, same Sheet, is an elevation of
my saw-sharpening apparatus, wherein I employ or use the coiled file. n is
the frame of the apparatus. o is the box, into which the file p is fitted and
fixed. The box o is fitted on a spindle and mounted in bearings, and set in
motion by a wheel and pinion, with handle attached, and is to be worked by

page_text: hand. is a guard piece, fixed over the top of the box o.
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5,
9, 9, are rests,
are adjusting screws for regulating the file p in the box o.
and k, k, are guides, the use of which is precisely similar to that described as
attached to Figures 3 and 4 of same Sheet of Drawings. To Figure 6 is
shewn attached or connected a saw-setting apparatus, which will be fully
described hereafter.
Figures 8, 9, and 10, of Sheet A, represent various sized files suited for
sharpening different descriptions of saws, as described. Sections of the same
are shewn. These coiled files are so formed and made that they fit into the
box in which they are worked either edge outward. Such files can be made
to take into every other tooth, pointed or otherwise, by alteration of angle at
which the rest g is to be placed from the apparatus. Thus, by raising the right-
hand rest g the saw when placed on the rests lies at an angle to the face of
the apparatus, and the teeth are sharpened pointed. When the file is reversed
the saw must be laid on the apparatus the reverse way, and the same put in
motion in a contrary direction.
I will now describe my apparatus for saw setting, illustrated in Sheet B of
the Drawings hereunto annexed. Figure 1 is a plan; Figure 2 is an end eleva-
tion. a is a block frame or stand of metal, in the centre part of which is sunk a
square hole b, which receives the square shank of the top die or punch c. The
bottom die or punch & has a square hole in the centre to allow the shank of
the top punch to pass through. In the bottom of the square hole in the
frame a is placed a small spiral spring, as shewn in dotted lines in Figure 2;
the bottom die or punch & being placed on its bed in the frame a, the top die
or punch c is then passed through the same, and inserted by its shank into the
square hole in the frame a. The bottom of the shank coming in contact with
the small spiral spring is supported thereby, and thus a sufficient space is left
between the faces of the dies or punches for a saw to be placed. Such shape
should not be less than a quarter of an inch. The shank of the top die c is
reduced at one part for the purpose of receiving the screw f, which holds it in
its place, giving the proper play required. The dies can be shifted in the bed
or frame, so that the required size is in front where the saw is to be placed.
The rests are for receiving the saw. While the operation of setting is
effected the guides 9 slide in the rests, and are for regulating the distance the
saw is to be kept from the dies. The operation of saw setting by my
apparatus is thus effected:-The saw is placed on the rests r, r, the teeth
between the dies. The top die being struck by a hammer or other instrument
descends in its socket, and by the peculiar formation of the dies, the raised part
of the upper one fitting into the lower part of the under one, as will be seen

page_text: by referring to Figures 3 and 4 of Sheet B, two teeth are set at once, that is
to say, one tooth up and one tooth down. The dies may be so constructed
that more than two teeth may be set at one blow. Over the right guide g is
fitted an arrangement by which at each blow and setting of the teeth the saw
is brought forward. G is a metal cam piece fitted on and held by the screw 2,
and has a spring coiled internally round a recess under the head of the screw.
To the tail of the cam piece G is fitted the small hook lever h, which moves
on the screw 3, which holds it. A small spring is similarly placed under its
head. The two adjusting screws 1, 1, fitted into h, are for regulating its
position. When the top die c descends it comes in contact with the inclined
part of the cam piece G, and thrusts it from its position, which, moving on its
centre, carries round the hook piece h. The point x, which has previously
been between the teeth of the saw, is carried out when the top die rises. The
cam piece G returns to its original position by the action of the internal spring,
as before described. The hook lever h is brought round, and the point of the
same & takes into another tooth of the saw, and brings it forward. The dies
I use for setting saws I propose to make by pressure from a matrix or die,
having those parts raised which I require to be compressed in the saw-set die.
They may be made of iron, Swedish or other sorts, and hardened afterwards
by any known process.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the details heroin described, as the same may be varied, so long as the
peculiar features of either part of my Invention be retained; but what I
claim is,
.
First, the application of metal hollow heads for mallets, as shewn and
described.
Secondly, the application of files, spiral or coiled, to be set in motion for the
purpose or purposes of sharpening saws, as herein described.
Thirdly, the mode or modes of setting saws, by which two or more teeth of
the saw are set at one operation, and the saw moved forward that the next
teeth in rotation may be similarly operated upon.
Lastly, in the mode or modes of manufacturing the dies to be used for saw
setting from iron, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the within-named Matthew Trattles, have set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
MATTHEW (L.S.) TRATTLES.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of January, in
the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Matthew Trattles came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MATTHEW
TRATTLES, of Rochester, in the County of Kent, Tool Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirty-first day of
July, (One thousand eight hundred and fifty,) in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Matthew Trattles, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Matthew
Trattles, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Matthew
Trattles, my exors, adññors, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in
the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her
said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAW SETS, MALLETS, AND OTHER TOOLS, AND IN APPARATUS AND
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said Matthew Trattles, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Matthew Trattles, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention;
and the manner in which the same is to be performed and carried into
practical effect, are fully described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, and by reference to the Illustration Drawings hereunto
annexed and forming part hereof, and to the annexed figures and letters of
reference marked upon such said Illustrative Drawings, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in a new mode of constructing mallets, saw
sharpeners, saw sets, and in the use and application of mechanism peculiarly
arranged and combined for the purpose of turning or shaping the handles of

page_text: sented. And in order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible
I will proceed to describe the mechanical combinations and arrangements of
parts and mode of construction which I consider well calculated for carrying
my said Invention into practical effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
At Sheet 1, Figure 1 exhibits a side elevation of a circular-shaped mallet;
Figure 2 a top plan view thereof; Figure 3, a longitudinal and vertical section
of said mallet, as it would appear if divided through the line A, B, aț
Figure 2; Figure 4, detached portions thereof.
Figure 5 exhibits a side elevation of another form of construction of mallet;
Figure 6, a top plan view thereof; Figure 7, a longitudinal and vertical section
of said mallet, as it would appear if divided through the line C, D, at Figure 6;
Figure 8, an end view thereof.
Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, exhibit several views of a tool called
a saw set, to be employed for setting the teeth of saws; Figure 9 is a side
elevation of said tool; Figure 10, a top plan view thereof; Figure 11, an end
view; and Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, detached portion thereof.
At Sheet 2, Figure 17 exhibits a side elevation of a circular-shaped tool for
sharpening the teeth of saws; Figure 18 is an end view thereof; and s
Figure 19, a top plan view of said tool.
Figures 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, exhibit several views of another form
of construction of tool sharpener; Figure 20 is a side elevation of such said
tool; Figure 21, a front elevation thereof; Figure 22, a top plan view;
Figure 23, a transverse and vertical section taken through the line E, F, at
Figures 21 and 22,
Figures 24, 25, 26, 27, exhibit different views of parts hereafter referred
to and belonging to and forming part of this last-mentioned saw sharpener.
At each of the Sheets of Drawings similar letters of reference are employed
to denote corresponding parts, in so far as such parts appear or can be seen at
each of the Figures respectively.
At Sheet 1, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, A, A, marks the head of the mallet, which
is of metal, formed or cast hollow, as exhibited in section at Figure 3, and the
orifices thereof are formed taper to receive the taper plugs or pieces of hard
wood B, B, which, when placed within the piece A, constitute those parts of 8
the mallet intended for striking a blow by means of the handle C, which is also
formed taper at that part which fits in the hollow head A, which is formed with
holes of different diameters in accordance with the taper portion of the handle,

page_text: as exhibited. At Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, the difference of construction between the
mallet there exhibited and that lastly above-mentioned consists in forming the
head of the mallet and plugs B, B, of a rectangular form instead of a circular,
and in forming the handle C oval instead of circular; I have therefore
employed similar letters of reference at Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, to those before used
at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, to denote corresponding parts.
I will now proceed to describe the construction of the tool or saw set
exhibited at Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, at which Figures D marks
a metal stand supporting the following parts. E a square die formed of steel,
hardened and tempered; the construction of this die will be best understood by
referring to Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, where it will be seen that the
upper side
of the die is formed with projecting parts a, b; and there is a hole F formed
through said die, through which passes the stem G of the upper die H,
shewn at Figure 16, which die is securely fixed thereto, and the under
surface of the die H is so formed or shaped as to fit over and upon
the projecting parts, a, b, of the die E. The part I of the stand A, A,
has a circular hole formed therein, into which passes the stem G of the upper
die H; and there is a helical spring K of tempered steel, placed at the bottom
of the hole (as shewn at Figure 9) for the purpose of enabling the teeth of
the saw, when required, to be set to pass freely between the two dies.
L, L, mark grooved sliding pieces, upon which is to be placed the saw blade
to be operated upon, said pieces being capable of adjustment by means of the
screw nuts M, M. The mode of operating with this tool is as follows:--The
operator places the saw blade upon the pieces L, L, and inserts the teeth or
serrated edge thereof between the upper and lower dies E and H, taking car
that the straight side of the tooth is in close contact with the projecting part a
of the lower die E, and holding it in that position with one hand, he strikes
the upper die H a sharp blow with a hammer with the other hand, whereby
that part of the saw which was placed between the dies, will have one tooth set
down by the part a of the dies and the adjoining tooth will be set up by the
part-b, the spring K causes the die II to rise after it has been struck, after
which the operator moves the saw to the next tooth, to facilitate which there
is a spring catch N affixed to the tool, as shown at Figure 10, and so adjusted
thereto as to catch into each tooth as it passes over it. It will also be seen,
upon referring to Figure 12, that the die is formed with four sets of projec-
tions a, b, marked severally 1, 2, 3, 4, and intended to set saws of different
sizes or degrees of coarseness as regards the teeth or serrated edges thereof,
and one or other of such parts may be brought or set opposite to the saw by
taking out the screw and inserting it in a hole situate at right angles
thereto.

page_text: I will now proceed to describe the tools for sharpening saws, exhibited at
Figures 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, of Sheet 2, and as regards
Figures 17, 18, 19, O marks a metal stand, which supports the following
parts. P, a conical-shaped piece, mounted upon an axis Q, which works in
bearings suitably placed in the stand O, at *, *. R, a bevil-toothed wheel
This wheel takes into a
securely fixed to or formed upon the piece P.
bevilled pinion S, which is mounted upon a spindle T, working in bearings at
top and bottom thereof. U, a pinion fixed to or formed upon the spindle T
This pinion takes or gears into a spur wheel V*, the axis whereof works in- a
bearing in the top of the stand O, as shewn. W, a lever handle, securely
fixed upon the axis of the wheel V✶ for imparting motion thereto. X, a three
square piece of steel, which is shaped or bent upon a mandril, and said piece
has two of its surfaces cut or indented similar to a filc, after which the piece
of steel thus shaped or bent is hardened and tempered by the means commonly
practised for hardening and tempering files, and the piece X is then placed
upon the conical-shaped piece P, and thus forms a rotating file, motion being
imparted thereto by means of the handle W, which being turned round puts
in motion the wheels and pinions, which are in. connection with the piece P
Y, Y, mark grooved sliding pieces, capable of being adjusted by means of
the screw nuts Z, and, assuming the saw required to be operated upon to be
placed upon the pieces Y, Y, it will appear evident as the file rotates in the
direction of the arrow's flight; at Figure 17, that the serrated edge of the saw
being pressed against the said file the teeth thereof will be sharpened thereby ;
and the saw will be moved from one tooth to the next and adjoining tooth in
the following manner-Supposing the file to be in the position exhibited at
Figure 18, and the edge of the saw to be placed opposite to the part of
the file, by the time the part x, x, or opposite end of said filo comes in
contact with the serrated edge of the saw, the straight. surface of the adjoining
tooth will come into contact with the edge 1 of the file, and thereby cause
this end of the file to operate upon the next and adjoining tooth of the saw,
by reason of the file thus formed performing a similar function to the male
thread of a screw, which, being fixed around the piece P, will cause the tooth
of the saw, which is in effect the female thread, when it comes into the
space 2 to be drawn back, and in this manner each tooth will be successively
sharpened, so long as the operator continues to impart motion to the file.
I will now proceed to describe the reciprocating saw sharpener exhibited at
Figures 20, 21, 22, 23, at which Figure A' marks a stand, in connection with
which are the following parts: B3 are two upright guide pieces formed with
V-shaped edges, between and against which slide the pieces C³, D³, said pieces
being connected together by the piece E³, the keys F passed through said

page_text: piece as shewn at Figure 23.. The pieces C³, D2, are intended to .hold an
-ordinary three-square file, for which purpose said pieces are formed of the
shape exhibited at Figures 24, 25, 26, 27, and represented drawn to an
enlarged scale. Figure 24 is a top plan view, and Figure 25 an edge view
of the piece marked C³, and Figure 26 is a top plan view, and Figure 27 an
edge view of the piece marked D³; at which Figures it will be seen that. the
pieces are formed with suitable openings.8, 4, to receive and securely hold the
upper and lower extremities of a three-square file. E** marks à bed piece
securely fixed to the parts A" of the stand A'; said, bed piece is formed with a
dovetail groove F*, into which, a piece G³ takes and slides, and there is a pin
He fixed in the piece G³, upon which is placed one end of the piece I³,.sáid
piece being employed for the purpose of carrying the saw to be operated upon,
which is securely connected thereto by the clamp pieces K³, K³, and tightening
screws *, *. The mode of operating with this tool is as follows:-Supposing
the saw to be placed between the clamp pieces K2, the operator adjusts the
first tooth of the saw to the files, and holding it by one hand in that
.position, with the other hand takes hold of the handle L³, and moves.
the file briskly up and down until the piece I³ comes against the adjust-
able stop M³, which should be set according to the required depth of
the tooth;. after which he either pulls or pushes the piece 1%, which .slides
in the groove F, until the next and adjoining tooth is brought opposite
to the file, and operating thereon in a similar manner to that before stated, suc-
cessively sharpens each of the teeth of the saw; and when one edge of the file
is worn out the other edges thereof may be caused to occupy the place of such
one by removing the key which holds the piece D³, and turning the file round,
whereby the three sides thereof are rendered available the same as if such file
were used by hand. And I would remark, that instead of actuating this tool by
hand the reciprocating movement of the file, when arranged and combined with
other parts as above described, may be effected by an eccentric connected_to
the file holder and worked by steam or other available power.
I will now proceed to describe the apparatus and machinery which I employ
for turning or shaping the handles of the mallet before described with referenco
to Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, at Sheet 3 of the Drawings hereunto annexed. Figure 28
exhibits a front elevation of. a mechanical arrangement or contrivance for the
above-mentioned purpose. Figure 29 is a side elevation thereof. Figure 30
is a transverse and vertical section thereof. taken through the line A; B, at
Figure 28. Figure 31 is a top plan view, and Figure 32 a horizontal section
taken through the line C, D, at Figure 28. Similar letters of reference are
employed to denote corresponding parts.in so far as such parts appear or can

page_text: be seen at each of the Figures respectively. N2 marks a hollow casting
formed with slots or openings 0%, through which are passed screws P³ for
connecting and adjusting the said casting and parts connected therewith to the
fixed poppet or headstock of an ordinary turning lathe. Px marks the
mandril of the said poppet, or that part of a lathe upon which a chuck may
be screwed, and upon this screwed part of the said mandril I place or screw a
piece of metal Q³, the same being formed with bevilled edges R2; and in con-
nection with the piece Q³ there is a sliding piece S³, at the centre of which a
screw T is securely fixed for carrying a chuck for holding the material to be
turned or shaped. The piece S³ is connected to the piece D' by the bevilled
pieces Us, which are securely fixed to the back of the piece Q by screws 1, 1,
as shewn, said pieces being so adjusted that they touch against the projecting
ring V2, formed upon the casting N³. The mode of operating with this
apparatus and machinery is as follows:-Supposing the casting N to be
attached to the fixed poppet or headstock of a lathe by the screws P³ and the
piece Q, and parts connected thereto to be screwed upon the mandril P*, it
will appear evident that by imparting rotary motion to the said mandril the
pieces Q and S will also be moved round; and supposing the ring V³ of the
casting N to be set or adjusted so as to be concentric with the mandril P*, it
will obviously occur that the pieces Q3, S³, U³, as they are moved round, being
in contact with the ring Vs, will be guided or directed thereby in a concentric
direction; but by moving the casting Ne along the slots 0%, and fixing it in
that position by the screws P2, it will further appear evident as the pieces U*
move round and against the ring Vs, that the piece S³, when horizontal, will be
pulled as much on one side of the centre of the mandril Px as the casting N³
is set or fixed on one side of the centre, and in this manner the piece S³ and
material to be operated upon is caused gradually to recede from the gouge or
cutting tool employed for turning or shaping the handle, whereby the oval
figure of the handle is produced.
I would remark, that although I have only described the above mechanism
as being employed for turning the handles of the mallets exhibited at
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, of Sheet 1 of the annexed Drawings, I do not intend to
limit or confine myself to this particular purpose, as the same mechanism may
be advantageously used for turning the handles of other tools in known and
common use.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed and carried into practical effect, I desire it to be
distinctly understood that I do not claim the exclusive use of any of the
separate parts above mentioned and referred to, except in so far as the same

page_text: may be employed in combination and for the purposes of my said Invention,
which I hereby declare to consist in, and I claim, the several modes of con-
struction and combination of parts herein-before particularly described, set
forth and represented by the illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed, as con-
stituting Improvements in Saw Sets, Mallets, and other Tools, and in Apparatus
and Machinery for Manufacturing the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Matthew Trattles, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
MATTHEW (L.s.) TRATTLES.
Enrolled the Thirty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.