In- MACHINERY FOR DRYING AND CLEANING ANIMAL AND PROVEMENTS IN VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. KNOWN AS THE SHAKE WILLIES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of No. 6, Maze Pond, Borough,
in the County of Surrey, Merchant, for the Invention of "In-
MACHINERY
FOR DRYING AND CLEANING ANIMAL AND
PROVEMENTS IN
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.
KNOWN AS THE SHAKE WILLIES."
Sealed the 10th April 1872, and dated the 20th October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Rydill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1871.
I, GEORGE RYDILL, of No. 6, Maze Pond, Borough, in the County of
Surrey, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRYING AND CLEANING ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, KNOWN AS THE SHAKE WILLIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in shake willies used for
shaking and removing dust and foreign matter from animal and
vegetable substances, such as wool, cotton, woollen material, rags,

page_text: flocks, cow and calf hair, and other purposes, which machines now in
use are for cleaning material in a dry state.
My Invention and improvements in machinery are for taking animal
and vegetable substances in a damp or wet state and to dry and clean
the animal and vegetable substances at one and the same time or make
it serve as a drying machine.
My Invention and improvements consist in placing as an outer
covering and casing of the swift or drum of an ordinary shake willey
or willies a jacketted covering made in one or more parts of iron, steel,
copper, or formed of rows of iron steam pipes, which jacketted steam
space or spaces are to have a space of from 1 to 3 inches.
For convenience of removing the steam jacketted cover of the willey
or willies for cleaning machine and for repairs, such are to be made
in one or more parts communicating one with each other by means
of pipes for the circulation of steam, hot water, or hot air, so that for
instance steam is conveyed from a steam boiler entering the jacketted
steam space at the top when the steam passes through the other
jacketted steam spaces into a pipe leading to an outlet steam trap in
those shako willics. When small workers or small swifts or drums
containing teeth are required to work over or round the top portion of
the large swift or drum under jacketted cover I make the cylinders or
drums of those small workers of iron, steel, or other metal, having
internal bearings for iron or steel shaft to pass through the same, and I
tap and screw into those cylinders or drums iron or steel teeth, so that
the same will not expand and contract to effect the firm position of the
iron or steel teeth.
I leave an opening through the jacketted steam space at the top of
the willey or willies for air to enter through a fine perforated plate or
wire network, and the wire grating forming part of the door of the
machine, or such grating may be fixed at the back, so that when the
machine is set to work the material is thrown in at the door of the
willey to be cleaned and dried in a damp or wet state, and the swift or
drum, revolving at the rate of from 100 to 400 revolutions per minute,
causes the damp or wet material to strike the beated jacketted covering,
and the air rushing through the opening in the jacketted space at the
top of the machine carries the dirt, dust, steam or moistened air through
the grating in the door or at the back, which dirt, dust, steam, or

page_text: moistened air is drawn from and forced into a dust room by a fan usually
working at the back of willing machines.
For convenience of removing the jacketted steam covering of the
willey or willies for cleaning purposes and repairs, I place a small
carriage on rails over the willey or willies and connect a block to the
carriage and the jacketted cover, and raise the jacketted cover to clear
the machine, then run the same clear of the machine and replace in the
same way by removing the jacket over the machine, then lower and
secure the same; or I fill the drying steam jacketted willey at the top
through an opening in the jacketted steam space with material in a
damp or wet state, and allow the same when dry and clean to fall
through a door at the bottom worked by a leaver; or I charge a strong
wire cylinder or iron or copper frame containing a door or iron shaft
inside an iron heated jacketted cylindrical space with opening to the
same, and charge the wire cylinder with material to be dried and
cleaned, so that every revolution the cylinder made the material
should turn over until the same became clean and dry. A pipe may
also lead to a hot air stove to the drying willey, communicating with
the opening at the top of the machine to facilitate the process of drying,
so that the heated air and the heat of the jacketted covering causes a
hot air to go through the material, and with much force by the revolu-
tions of the cylinder or swift; or I make the swift or drum hollow
which works in the willey or willies and allows steam to enter the swift
or cylinder from a steam boiler through a hollow shaft with stuffing box,
so that steam enters on one side of the willey or drying and cleaning
machine through the hollow shaft working on bearers on the side of
willey, and escapes out on the other side of the willey through the opening
in the hollow shaft. Condensed steam water is also lifted and allowed to
escape through the same opening in the hollow shaft along with the
steam by means of what are called internal water lifters in the swift or
cylinder. And if further heat be required for the material in the willey
or willies I jacket the side of the willey round that portion of the swift
or cylinder to form a steam space the same as in the cover of the
machine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Rydill in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th April 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
RYDILL, of No. 6, Maze Pond, Borough, in the County of Surrey, Mer-
chant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Rydill, Her special licence
that I, the said George Rydill, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Rydill, my exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR DRYING AND CLEANING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES,
KNOWN AS THE SEAKE WILLIES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said George Rydill, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Rydill, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This Invention consists of improvements in shake willies used for
shaking and removing dust and foreign matter from animal and vegetable
substances, such as wool, cotton, woollen material, rags, flocks, cow and
calf hair, and other purposes, which machines now in use are for cleaning
material in a dry state.

page_text: My Invention and improvements in machinery are for taking animal
and vegetable substances in a damp or wet state, and to dry and clean
the animal and vegetable substances at one and the same time, or I
make the willies serve as drying machines.
My Invention and improvements consist in placing, as an outer
covering and casing of the swift or drum of an ordinary shake willey or
willies, a jacketed covering made in one or more parts of iron, steel,
copper, or formed of rows of steam pipes, which jacketed covering is to
have a steam space or spaces of from 1 to 3 inches wide.
For convenience of removing the steam jacketed cover of the willey or
willies for clearing or cleaning machine and for repairs, such are to be
made in one or more parts communicating one with each other by means
of pipes for the circulation of steam, hot water, or hot air, so that for
instance steam is conveyed from a steam boiler entering the jacketed
steam space at the top, when the steam passes through the other jacketed
steam spaces into a pipe leading to an outlet steam trap in those shake
willics which have small workers or small swifts or drums containing
teeth which are required to work over or round the top portion of the
largo swift or drum under jacketed cover. I make the cylinders or drums
of those small workers of iron or steel or other metal, having internal
bearings for iron or steel shaft to pass through the same, and I tap and
screw into these cylinders or drums iron or steel teeth so that the same
will not expand or contract to effect the firm position of the iron or steel
teeth.
•
I leave an opening through the jacketed steam space at the top of the
willey or willies for hot or cold air to enter through a fine perforated
plate or wire network and the wire grating forming part of the door of
the machine, or such grating may be fixed at the back so that when
the machino is set to work the material is thrown in at the door of the
willey in a damp or wet state to be dried and cleaned, and the swift or
drum revolving at the rate of from 100 to 100 revolutions per minute
causes the damp or wet material to strike the heated jacketed covering,
and the hot or cold air rushing through the opening in the jacketed
space at the top of machine carries the dirt, dust, steam, or moistened
air through the grating in the door or at the back, which dirt, dust,
steam, or moistened air is drawn from and forced into a dust room by a
fan, usually working at the back of willeying machines.
1

page_text: For convenience of removing the jacketed steam covering of the willey
or willies for cleaning purposes and repairs, I place a small carriage on
rails over the willey or willies, and connect a block to the carriage and
the jacketed cover and raise the jacketed cover to clear the machine,
then run the same clear of the machine and replace in the same way by
moving the jacketed covering over the willey, then lower and secure the
same, or I feed the drying steam jacketed willey at the top through an
opening in the jacketed steam space with material in a damp or wet
state, and allow the same when dry and clean to fall through a door at
the bottom worked by a lever, or I charge a strong wire cylinder with
an iron or copper frame containing a door with material to be dried and
cleaned, so that every revolution the cylinder makes the material turns
over until the same becomes clean and dry; a pipe also leads from a hot
air stove to the drying willey communicating with the opening at the
top of the willey machine to facilitate the process of drying, so that the
heated air and the heat of the jacketed covering causes the hot air to go
through the material with considerable force by the revolutions of the
-cylinder or swift. Or I make a swift or drum hollow, which works in
the willey or willies, and allow steam to enter the-swift or cylinder from
a steam boiler through a hollow shaft with stuffing box or steam-tight
joint, so that steam enters on one side of the willey or drying and
cleaning machine through an hollow shaft working on bearers on the
side of willey, and escapes out on the other side of the swift or drum
through the opening in the hollow shaft. Condensed steam water is
also lifted and allowed to escape through the opening in the hollow shaft
along with the steam by means of what are called internal water lifters
at the side of the swift or cylinder. And if further heat be required for
the material in the willey or willies I jacket the side of the willey round
that portion of the swift or cylinder to form a steam space, the same as
in the cover of the machine.
My Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of shake
willies which are made to answer the purposes of drying and cleaning
animal and vegetable substances at one and the same time.
Fig. 1 on sheet 1 is a partially sectional elevation of one modification
of my improvements in willies, which shews an end section of willey
with jacketed steam space marked A, A, A, A, as shown in two parts,
with an opening through the same at the top marked B for the intro-
duction of hot or cold air, and an opening is made on the bottom

page_text: side of jacketed steam space marked D as an outlet for dirt, dust, and
hot or cold air. This jacketed steam space is made of boiler plates and
is supported by the frame of the willey marked E, E, E, E, which willey.
frame is bolted down by bolts marked F, F, to keep it in a firm position.
The drying and cleaning cylinder marked G, G, G, G, is a well-made
iron cylinder frame; the ends of this cylinder are made up with wire-
work or sheet iron, and to each end of the cylinder is fixed a shaft
marked H, resting at the centre of each side of the willey marked I, and
strong iron stays stretch from one end of the cylinder marked G to the
other; over or round this iron framework is stretched iron or copper
wire forming it into a wire cylinder, which contains a door marked J
through which the cylinder is charged and emptied. Hot air tube
marked K may be carried to any convenient place where heated air is
produced, which is conveyed into the interior of the willey through open-
ing marked B, and the hot air is drawn in immense quantities through
opening B, amongst the material to be dried and cleaned by the fan
marked L, fixed in a pipe marked M. This fan is driven at a higher
speed by a strap than that of the cylinder marked G, or the fan "may be
driven from a pulley fixed on the shaft of cylinder marked H, which
draws the dirt, dust, and moistened air through the opening marked D,
and forces the same into a dust room; a second door marked N is for.
the purpose of preventing the cold air from acting too much on the
material placed in the cylinder G and condensing the steam in the
jacketed space marked A. I also fix a sliding door in any part of the
pipes marked K and M, so that a great heat may be got amongst the
material in the cylinder G working inside the willey when the fan L is
not required to be worked. Steam pipe O leads from jacketed steam
space A to a steam boiler.
Fig. 2 on Sheet 1 is an end section of Fig. 1, shewing the outside
portion of frame, and for convenience of removing cylinder G, in Fig. 1,
from the willey I make the willey frame, marked E, E, in Figs. 1 and 2,
in two parts with a sliding door marked F which slides in a groove up to
the shaft of cylinder marked H as in Fig. 1; bolts marked G, G, G,
G, G, G, are unscrewed on each side of frame marked E, E, and the
door marked F is drawn out to remove or replace cylinder G; in this
way no other portion of the willey is disturbed in case of repairs or
cleaning. Hot air tube I mark K as in Fig. 1, also pipe leading to dust
room I mark M as in Fig. 1, steam pipe O as in Fig. 1, leads to a steam
boiler.

page_text: Fig. 3 is a section of willey, Figs. 1 and 2, shewing the wirework round
the cylinder frame marked G as shewn in Fig. 1, shewing also jacketed
steam space A, A, A, A, resting on frame marked E, E, as shewn in
Figs. 1 and 2, marked E; two shafts marked H rest on frame E
supporting wire cylinder G; fixed on to shaft II is a large cog wheel
marked L, which is made to work round by small cog wheel marked M
working on shaft N, which is fixed to frame of willey marked E, and the
wheel and cylinder is put in motion by a strap working on fast and loose
pullies marked O; on the top of willey frame is shewn hot air chamber
and tube marked K, K, K, as in Figs. 1 and 2; pipe marked P is to run
off condensed steam water; the two shafts and pullics marked Q, Q, arc
for working fan at back of willey as shewn in Fig. 1, marked L.
Fig. 4 is an end section of a willey; steam pipes marked A, A, A, A.,
round the interior of the outer casing of the willey cover formed round
the swift or drum marked B, to which is fixed iron spikes marked C, C;
this swift or drum is worked at a great speed resting by means of shaft
fixed to the swift or drum on frame D, D, D, D; a pulley marked E is
fixed on to the end of swift or drum marked B driven by means of a
strap; a fan marked F draws hot air through tube G in amongst the
material in the willey, and the air, dust, and dirt passes through the wire
grating in willey door H and is forced into a dust room by the high rate
of speed of fan F through tube marked I; these steam pipes are connected
one to another all round the interior of the willey cover marked J, J, J;
onc end of the steam pipes marked A is connected to a steam boiler, and
the other end leads to a steam trap to let off condensed steam water.
Door marked H, willey door, is for the purpose of charging and
emptying willey.
Fig. 5 is a section of a willey now in general use having no jacketed
steam space or steam pipes, except that I add to this willey a hot air tube
marked A with an opening through the top of willey B; tube A receives
a supply of heated air by.any convenient means.
Fig. 6, Sheet 2, is a jacketed willey with steam spaces in two parts
marked A, A, A, which jacketed steam space is supplied with steam by
means of a pipe connected to a steam boiler marked B, B, which steam
pipe conducts the steam into jacketed steam spaces A, A, A. The con-
densed steam water is carried from the jacketed steam space by means of
a pipe marked C leading to a steam trap or valve, the jacketed steam
spaces marked A are removed from willey frame when required by

page_text: wheels and blocks moving on rails over willey frame marked D, D, D;
the swift or drum working in Fig. 6 is a steam-tight swift or drum marked
E supported by hollow shafts resting on willey frame D; to this swift or
drum are fixed spikes marked F, F, F, for turning over the material
placed in the willey; the steam enters on one side of the swift or drum
marked E from a steam boiler through hollow shaft marked G bearing
the swift or drum, and the condensed steam water passes out on the
opposite end of the swift or drum through hollow shaft G. Wire
grating marked H, H, resting on the sides of frame D is for the purpose
of allowing the heated air, dust, and foreign matter to be. forced or
drawn through the grating; the heavy portion remains under the willey
and the lighter particles of dust are drawn along with the heated air
by fan marked I into dust room; the door of willey marked J is also
one made with wire grating; the draft caused by the fan has a tendency
to draw all particles towards the dust room; hot air tube marked K
conducts the heated air through the opening in the jacketed willey
marked L, which is brought in contact with the material in the willey,
the spikes spreading and opening the material in the willey.
Fig. 7 shews an end section of Fig. 6 with steam pipe marked A
leading from a steam boiler to hollow shaft, which steam pipe contains a
valve; stove marked B is a hot air stove from which heated air is taken
and carried by tube C, C, C, to the opening at the top of the willey or
willics; dust pipe marked D, D, shews the pipe to convey the heated air
and light particles of dust into dust room.
Fig. 8 is an end section of an ordinary shake willey with workers
marked A, A, A, A, working round the swift or cylinder marked B; to
this willey I fix a jacketed steam space down each side marked C, C,
also a steam jacketed cover over the workers A, A, A, A, marked D, D,
which steam jacketed spaces marked C and D are supplied by a pipe
E, E, and this pipe is connected to a steam boiler pipes F, F, to which
valves are attached, convey the condensed steam to a steam trap. Tube G
with opening H is for the purpose of conveying hot air into the willey.
First. What I claim as my Invention and improvements in shake
willies is an opening in the top of shake willies or at the side, and
conducting a tube or pipe from the opening in the willey or willies to
any convenient place for the introduction of hot or cold air to willey or
willies, which causes willies to answer the purposes of cleaning and
drying the material at one and the same time.

page_text: Second. The application and use of a steam jacketed cover or pipes
heated by steam or hot air placed round the swift, drum, or workers of
ordinary shake willies.
Third. The introduction and application of a cylindrical vessel
containing a door working in the interior of a shake willey, round which 5
cylindrical vessel I place steam jacketed spaces made of boiler plating,
or cast metal, or steam pipe, so that a great heat is obtained in the
willies amongst the material to be cleaned or dried by those heated
plates or pipes and heated air.
Fourth. The application and use of a hollow swift or drum heated by 1
steam, to which swift or drum are fixed iron spikes, or the application of
steam jacketed willey sides.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner
of performing or working the same, I would have it understood that the
details may be slightly varied, but the particulars named of which I 1
claim for my special use are those distinctly expressed in this my
Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Rydill, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twentieth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
2
GEORGE RYDILL. (L.S.)