Improvements in Ships' Berths and Ships' Furniture.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 14th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 14th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 6th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ships' Berths and Ships' Furniture.
I, WILLIAM PARISH HOSKINS of Trinity Street Bordesley, in the City of
Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate to that class of ships' berths, and furniture, which
fold up or turn down, out of the way, (when the same are not required to be used,)
in order to economise space, within a cabin or room of a ship. The space thus
left or vacated by the folding up part or parts of ships berths or ships furniture, as
heretofore constructed, is unsuited for the stowing away in bulk of cargo, in con-
sequence of the presence of the said berth or furniture, and possibly outstanding
brackets, upon which they are mounted.
The object of my present invention, which is an improvement upon two several
Letters Patent, granted to me on the 27th day of February 1886, No. 2844, and
19th day of October 1886 No. 13304, is to so construct, arrange, and erect the
said folding berths, furniture, and their adjuncts, that the principal parts of them
admit of being wholly removed from a cabin or room, but that when in use, the
same are fitted up, erected, or stand, independent of the bulkhead or sides of a
cabin or other room of a ship.
By my said invention, the berths or furniture, do not require to be made of a
size, according to the proportions of the cabin, inasmuch as they may stand, or be
fitted up, away from the sides or partition walls.
In carrying out my improvements, I support or mount the berth frames, upon
upright pillars or posts, with their lower ends resting upon the floor, and their
upper ends, taking within sockets, directed from the upper or overhead deck.
These pillars are provided with slotted or socketed bearing brackets and rests,
upon which, bulbous ended extensions of the framing rails, come, or vice-versa.
The inner and joint side of the berth frame, turns upon bulbous-ended exten-
sions of an elevated rail, and with the said bulbous ended portions, taking and
bearing within like shaped sockets or gaps, formed upon, or within, brackets, carried
by the inner uprights or pillars.
The front rail of the berth frame, has like bulbous ended extensions, as the back,
and when the berth is in use, or in a fixed horizontal position, they take and rest
within seats or sockets, formed within brackets carried by front pillars.
It is thus we have a four post folding ships' berth, whose component parts admit
of being separated, and the whole stowed away in small compass, so that the cabin
or room from which they have been removed, is capable of receiving cargo in bulk.
Two or more tiers of berths, may be arranged one above another, and with the
head and foot ends of the berths, fitted with framed rails, which slide into and out
of position.
Instead of making the berths and their adjuncts, entirely of loose or fitted parts,
portions of them may be made in solid segments, that is, the ends may be made up
of pillars and rails, chilled together, in manner that the same are capable of being
fitted up in fewer parts, but without any detriment to their being removed and
stowed away.
If a four post folding ships berth tier is not required, then the bulbous or other
joint of the elevated end rail extensions, may turn within, and be supported by,
brackets. secured to the bulkhead or cabin walls, so that the said tier of folding
bert supported at front by pillars or uprights, and at the back by brackets, or
حسساسنس منسل

page_text: Although I have described that the inner sides of the berth frames, are jointed
from an elevated rail, yet I may joint them in the same plane as the sacking, if
suitable devices be arranged for folding with the bed clothes upon the sacking.
Thus the opposite ends of the frame, may be connected to the ends of jointed
radius bars, whose other ends are jointed and connected to the inner pillars, or to
brackets in lieu of pillars, but in every case front uprights are employed.
The lee-rails may be constructed to slide, and swivelly turn upon the frame rails,
whilst an extension of the top bar of the said lee-rail, may be made to take within
a socket or hole of an adjacent pillar.
The affixing of the lee-rail, may be performed in ways varying according to the
character of the berth, but in each and every case, the connection and securing is
preferably effected, by the pillar or upright.
When the lee rail hangs from its connecting rail, the berth can be used as a couch
or lounge.
Dated this 12th day of June 1890.
WILLIAM PARISH HOSKINS.
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ships' Berths and Ships' Furniture.
I, WILLIAM PARISH HOSKINS of Trinity Street Bordesley in the City of
Birmingham, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to ships' berths, and ships furniture, and is an improve-
ment or improvements upon two several Letters Patent granted to me, and bearing
date the 27th day of February 1886 No. 2844 and 19th day of October 1886
No. 13304.
The primary object of my present invention, is to so construct, arrange and crect
the said berths and furniture, that they and their fittings, or accessory parts of
them, admit of being wholly or partly removed from, or turned up or down within
a cabin or ship, hence economising space.
The component parts employed in the construction and fitting up, are detachable,
and when removed the space vacated, within a cabin or ship, admits of cargo in
bulk being stowed away, when passengers are not required to be carried.
According to a part of my said invention, the berths or furniture do not require
to be made of a size, according to the dimensions of the cabin, inasmuch as they
may stand or be fitted up, independent of the sides or partition walls of a cabin or
ship.
In carrying out one form of my improvements in connection with a turn-up ships
berth, which is mounted upon upright posts or pillars, having socketed bearing
brackets, upon which headed extensions of the framings come, or the socketed and
rest bracket parts, may be carried by the berth framings, and the headed studs or
extensions, by the pillars.
17
The joint at the inner end of the frames, is elevated to the plane of the back rail,
and which end joints, which are headed or bulbous ended, take into the gaps
and
sockets of bearing brackets, carried by the back posts.
The front of the berth frame, has like bulbous ended extensions, as the back, and
when the berth is in use, or in a fixed horizontal position, they take and rest
within seats or sockets of the posts.
We thus have a four post folding ships berth, whose component parts admit of
being detached, and the whole stowed away, in small compass, when cargo in Heu
of passengers is required to be carried.

page_text: Two or more tiers of berths may be arranged, either in block order, in two or
three high only, and with their ends fitted with, head and foot end rails, arranged
between the back and front posts respectively.
Instead of making the framings of the berths up of loose or fitted together parts,
the same may be made in solid or integral segments, in manner that the said berths
almit of being fitted up in few parts, instead of an assemblage of parts, and
further the said framings are particularly applicable to lee framings, which may be
disposed at the head and foot ends of the berth respectively, leaving a space
between them, whereby a person can enter or leave the berth.
The folding berth framings or berths may be supported and mounted by brackets
secured to the cabin walls or bulk heads of a ship, with short radial bars, and with
a semi-rear and dip actions. The lee rails are connected by traversing bolts, to
sockets or studs carried by the pillars or brackets secured to the cabin walls.
The fittings of the berths or framings may be arranged to carry the headed studs
aforesaid, adapted to engage within socketed brackets on the pillars. Or the
converse may be arranged, in which the berths or framings carry sockets, which
take upon headed studs or pins of brackets secured to the pillars or cabin
walls.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, represents in front elevation, four post
and two tier, or two high turn up, and detachable ships' berths, with their adjuncts
or the accessory fittings of them, constructed, erected, and fitted according to one
form of my invention. The said ships' berths constituting the tier, are shown in
the positions which they normally assume when in use, and with the lee rails of
them, which are of the half length type, erect, and secured by runner-bolts taking
into holes in the sides of the pillars, hence the affixing of the said lec-rails.
The framings of the berths, are mounted rearwardly upon elevated pivot centres,
while the general framings have bulbous-headed studs, which take and drop into
side slots or sockets, of bearing brackets and rests, secured at suitable distances
up the pillars, which are themselves secured by sockets in the floor and overhead
deck.
Figure 2 represents a transverse vertical section upon the dotted lines A B of the
said Figure 1, but with the upper berth turned up. The said Figure 2, shows the
elevated jointing of the inner ends of the berth framings, and also the end framing
rails, which are independent of the turn-up part of the ships' berth framing, as the
said end framings are fitted laterally between the uprights or pillars.
Figure 3 represents upon an enlarged scale, the elevated and inner joint end of
the berth framing, showing how the trunnion ends upon which the berth framing
swings, takes into side slots or sockets of bearing and carrying brackets, secured to
the posts or pillars, and how the holding rails of the end framings engage with, and
are supported by like circular bossed bearing brackets.
Figure 4 is a top side plan of the part elevation and section Figure 3.
Figure 5 represents the lee-rail affixing or securing means, upon an enlarged
scale. The runner bolt, which is shown in the form of an inside screwed collar, with
a coned shank, traverses upon the screwed end of an extension rail of the framing,
and takes into a hole in the pillar.
Figure 6 is a modification of the securing arrangement Figure 5. In this method
of affixing, the fore end of the runner bolt, takes into a socket secured to a cabin
wall, instead of taking into a hole in the post, as in Figure 5.
As both berths of the tier are alike in construction, I will only describe one of
them.
a is a solid rectangular shaped berth framing, consisting of side and end
rails a¹, a², a³, a', united together at their corners, preferably by chill castings, and
with a woven wire or other mesh a, stretched longitudinally between their elevated
ends.
The inner side a of the said berth framing, has upright pillars a, surmounted by
a back rail a', whose ends a, which are collared, are formed into trunnions which

page_text: take into side slots or sockets 63, of bearing brackets or rests ², carried by rear
posts or uprights b, whose upper and lower ends 4, 6, take into floor and overhead
deck sockets c, d, of cabin floor, and overhead deck c, d.
The bearing and supporting brackets &', have annular channels, beyond the side
slots or gaps, wherein the collars a, of the trunnion ends a, come, and prevent the
Framings from being laterally withdrawn from the rear posts as fully described and
set forth in my cited Letters Patent 13304 year 1886.
The ends of the front framing rail a', are provided with bulbous or collar ended
studs a, which take into like slots 63 of bearing brackets and supports 62, carried
by front posts e, fitted or secured at top and bottom alike unto the back posts, by
sockets fitted to floor and overhead deck.
I may observe that the whole of the bearing brackets and supports directed up the
pillars, with slotted sides and annular channels, are of like construction, and it will
therefore be unnecessary to describe them hereinafter other than as slotted and
socketed bearing and supporting brackets.
The head and foot ends are fitted with framed rails, having top and bottom
rails,ƒ³, g³, with bulbous extensions or pivots, which take within
socketed and slotted bearing supporting brackets 2, as before secured to the posts
or uprights b, e.
The berth framing is thus independent of the end rails, which fill up
the space
between the rear and front posts, and which end rails, being detachable with the
berth framing and posts, the whole of the component parts constituting the four-
post turn-up berth, can be separated, and the same stowed away, when cargo in bulk
is required to be carried in lieu of passengers.
It will be seen that the rear posts carry socketed and bearing supporting brackets,
for carrying both the joints of the inner end of the berth framing, and also the
bulbous ended extensions or stops of the inner part of the end rail framings, while
the front posts carry like bearing and supporting brackets for taking and
supporting the bulbous ended studs of the front rail of the primary framing, and
the outer bulbous ends of the end frame rails.
The front side of the berth framing, is provided with a turu-down lee-rail /, made
up of horizontal and vertical rods or tubular lengths, connected together by
jimetion castings, and with the outer and lower ends fitted with rings 2, to admit of
the said lee-rail turning about the front rail a', as a centre, whilst the top side of
the outer end, or that part adjacent to the post, is fitted with a runner or internally
screwed collar ³, which takes upon a screwed extension rail, and is adapted for
its nose end, to take within a hole e, made within the inner side of the post e,
opposite to the said runner or collar, which acts as a runner bolt when rotated.
Thus the turning of the said collar in one direction, causes it to retreat rearwardly
upon the screwed stem, and so break the connection between lee-rail and post,
when the said lee-rail can swing outwardly, or turn down inwardly as the same may
be required.
The turning of the said collar in the reverse direction, advances it, and takes its
end into a hole in the pillar coincident with it, hence the affixing of the lec-rail.
The berths may be arranged singly, instead of in tiers, and when half posts are
employed, they may be connected by a bracket to the cabin walls at the top end,
and by sockets or other means to the floor at the other end, and further, to readily
detach or fit the posts to the floor and overhead deck respectively, the ends thereof
may be provided with a running bolt, alike unto the runner bolt 3, for the affixing
of the lee rail in its erect position.
Instead of the bearing and supporting sockets being carried by the posts, they
may be carried at the ends of, or by the berth framings, which take upon studs, or
trunnioned brackets, (with plain or bulbous ends) secured to the posts, hence a
converse arrangement of supporting the berth framing.
Instead of the ships berths being wholly detachable the front pillars and end
framings may only be removed, leaving the back pillars and berth framing proper,

page_text: remaining, and with the said berth framing turned up to the bulk head, and secured
in position by hooking or other means.
In Figure 6, the attachment, or the securing of the lee-rail in its erect position,
is performed by the runner or collar, which traverses the screwed end, taking
within a socket secured to the side of a cabin wall. is the lee-rail, 3 the runner
or collar, internally screwed, and taking upon a screwed extension rail ', so that
on the said collar 3 being rotated from right to left, the coned nose end of it,
takes into the socket e, secured by screws or otherwise to the cabin wall of a ship.
Figure 7 represents another form of four post ships' berths, or a tier of ships
berths, combined with four posts, constructed and arranged according to my inven-
tion. The upper berth is a turn up, while the lower one is affixed.
The lee-rails, or the lee rail framings constituting the front framings to the
berths, of both turn up and fixed, are in common, or in union one with another, or
in other words, the fronts of the berths, or berth framings are provided with
divided lee-rails, or head and foot lee-rails, and with the inner ends of them,
separated from each other by a space sufficient for a person to leave or enter a
berth by and which head and foot lee-rails of both berths, are made in one solid
frame, or in a state of union, and with the outer ends extending to the entire length
of the tier. The end framings or the end rail framings, are fitted or connected to
the front and rear posts respectively by a framing, whose junction ends are chilled
around the said posts, hence the front framings, and the side framings, are respec-
tively made integral, or collective.
Figure 8 represents the lower end portion of the berth framing, and Figure 9
the bottom of the berth, with the end framing removed, or that part opposite the
turn-up berth.
a is the upper and turn-up berth, and is the fixed berth, with collective lee-rail
framings h,, coupled together as a single frame by junction rods, and girder
rods 3. The said combined head and foot lee-rails, are detachably connected to
the lower and fixed berth framing i, and to the front posts, leaving the other berth
framing free to turn upon its rear or joint centres as may be required, so that'a
person occupying the lower berth, when the upper one is not in use, has only to
turn the upper berth to the bulk head, when an airy and lofty one is obtained, and
further, by leaving a space j, between the inner ends of the combined or solid
framings at both lead and foot ends, a user of the berth is enabled to get into or
out of the same, without mounting over the top, as is usual with full and fixed
lec-rails.
Although the respective ends of the divided lees or the divided lee framing rails
are in union, yet the same may if necessary be separated one from another, and
affixed independently to the berth-framings, or to the posts e, supporting the
framings.
In the end framings of the berths, represented in Figure 8, 6 are the rear posts,
and e the front posts, connected together by a frame, having chilled junctions f',
and in front of the posts is the lee-rail h
"
In Figure 9, representing the top berth, and its lee-rail framing part, is the
rear post, and the front post, a the berth framing, pivoted at as, to a bearing and
supporting bracket, while the fore part or front rail a' of the said berth, has an
inverted gapped bracket k, at its two opposite sides, which drops upon pins h*,
carried upon the inside faces, or upon bosses of the combined lee rails h.
Figure 10 represents in front elevation, an emigrants' block berth, or a block of
emigrants turn-up berths, with the slotted and socketed bearing and supporting
brackets, arranged at such distances apart up the posts, that the berths admit of
being placed at greater or less distances apart, in order that one, two or three berth
framings may be arranged between them, in the making up of block tiers.
Thus, when passengers are numerous, the berth framings are placed three high,
but when less numerous, two high and so on.
a, a are the berth framings, supported between rear and front posts, directed in
the same parallel order, and the front ones of which are marked e. The berth

page_text: framings are provided with fittings, in the form of headed studs a", which drop
within slotted and socketed bearing brackets ³, directed up the posts.
Thus, if a three high tier block is required, then three of the bearing brackets
are utilized, but if one tier is made three high, and a next one to it, two high,
then the berths of the two high one, are supported by the intermediate bearing
brackets, as represented in the said Figure 10.
If the bottoms of the said fixed berths require to be turned up, they readily
turn upon the inner disposed headed studs by which they are partly supported, and
are prevented from any displacement, by the heads of the said studs, working
within the cupped attachments.
The component parts of the block berths, by their construction and mounting, admit
of being detached, and the whole of the parts removed, when cargo is required to
be carried in lieu of passengers.
The sides of the berth framings may be composed of metal or wood, and the
bottoms fitted with open or ventilated sackings of any approved construction.
When the sides and ends are formed of wood, I preferably provide the corners of
the same, with clips or shoes, which carry the bulbous ended or headed studs, which
take into the slotted and socketed bearing brackets on the posts.
Figure 11 represents partly in vertical section, and partly in elevation, a berth
frame, or a twin berth, having wooden ends, supported or hung from headed studs,
taking within the slotted and socketed parts of the bearing brackets, carried by the
posts. The berth as shown, is preferably a fixed one, although the loose bottom
may be turned upon one or other of the end centres, leaving the wooden ends, with
their fittings, fixed, which are kept in position, by arms taking upon the opposite
sides respectively of the posts.
Figure 12 represents a top side plan of Figure 11, (partly in section) showing
the dispositions of the parts, and the headed studs, upon which the berth framings
are hung from their bracket supports, and the said view, also shows the positions
of the steadying arms, with respect to the sides of the posts.
Figure 13 represents a single berth, with a turn-up bottom, and provided with
fittings, alike in construction to the twin berth, made by the insertion of a divisional
board, down the middle of a wide berth.
a is a berth bottom, and are wooden ends, provided with end fittings in the form
of clips or shoes I, having headed studs a, which drop into slotted and socketed
bearing brackets 62, carried by the rear and front posts b, e. These clips or shoes,
which embrace the terminations of the two opposite end boards, which in the
example represented, is an end for the dividing of two berths of a block, are
brackets, having open topped sockets or bearings, wherein the headed
studs a, of the loose bottoms or berth framings a, drop into and are there
supported, hence the carrying of the said bottoms or frames.
Consequent upon the ends, which support the berth framings or bottoms, by headed
pins projecting from the sides of the latter, taking into inwardly cupped sockets
made within the fittings of the ends aforesaid, the said berths would swing, and in
order to prevent this, outwardly directed stendying arms 3, are provided, which
come when in use, alternately upon the sides of the respective posts. Thus, the
arm of the front side, comes upon the right-hand side of the front post, and the arm
of the inner side comes upon the left-hand side of the back post, as best seen in the
plan Figure 12.
The fittings are secured by ears or wings, wherethrough screws or other fasteners,
pass.
To divide up the berth into two, assuming that it is a broad one, middle and
inside fittings are secured, with slotted and inwardly cupped sockets /², directed
from bracket parts, and with a channel running down the middle of the fitting,
wherein a divisional board m is slipped, and divides off the berth.
In Figure 13, which is alike in construction to the berth Figure 12, other than
as to breadth and a divisional board, and being applied to an independent berth
instead of to a block of berths, a is the berth bottom or berth framing,
the

page_text: la
wooden ends, with end fittings 1, having headed studs a, at their upper parts, and
taking into slotted and socketed bearings, of posts or pillars','e. are brackets,
having formed within them, open topped sockets F, wherein the headed studs a",
on the framings a, drop and rest, and which stud a", forms the joint or pivot upon
which the said berth bottom turns, as a centre, with the bearing of the socket as a
fulcrum, when the said bottom is required to be turned up, in the direction indicated
by the arrow, and as represented in the dotted lines. When turned up, the ends
are left in their fixed positions between the posts.
I propose that the lee-boards, or the sides to the berths should be hung or
supported from the bearing brackets of the pillars, by the ends of the same being
provided with headed studs, which drop into the socketed parts of the posts, and
further, they may be steadied at their lower parts by catches engaging in the side
of the bed bottom.
In divided berths as in Figures 11 and 12, the bottom or framing may be of the
entire area of the two. berths, so that the divisional board comes only within the
middle of a single berth framing.
Figure 14 represents in side elevation, partly in vertical section, a folding or
turn-up ships berth mounted or supported by brackets, secured to the sides of a
cabin wall, or to the bulk head, and provided with a short radius bar or berth
framing rest. This said berth, which is an amplification, or an improvement upon
any rear action and balanced berth, as described in the Specification of Letters
Patent No. 13304 year 1886, has an advantage over my said balanced berth,
inasmuch that the inner end or the elevated back rail part,' has only a limited
descending rear action, which, in some cases, is an advantage over those with a full
and balanced rear action.
a is the berth framing, a² the inner end having end pillars a³, surmounted by a
back rail, or an elevated back rail a', running longitudinally from end to end of the
said inner part of the berth framing, and provided with joint or trunnion centres or
rollers a, working and turning within a vertical race or slot 6, framed within a
carrier bracket, whose fore part is extended into a rest &, upon which the
underside of the inner end of the berth framing a, comes, and is there supported in
its horizontal position.
is a radius bar, or hanger, hung at 2, by a bulbous ended stud or pin, secured
to the front or crown of a swell of the carrier framing, and which radius bars
support or suspend the berth framing, by a headed pin a², on the side of the latter,
taking into a bearing slot, at the lower end of the radius bar, so that as the berth
is tipped, or turned up, and, turned down, its inner end is supported by the said bar,
consequent upon the stud, or pin resting at the bottom of the slot, on the radius bar
swinging.
It will be understood that the berth framing is provided with carrier brackets,
with radius bars and rest brackets, upon the two opposite sides of the berth framing,
alike unto the one side represented in the aforesaid figure.
Figure 15 represents an enlarged view of the lower end of the radius bar,
showing its slotted end with an enlarged, upper part, wherethrough the head of
the stud a, carried by the framing a inwardly passes, on the stud or axis being
placed, in position as in Figure 14.
Figure 16 is a vertical section of Figure 15, whilst Figure 17 is the upper end
of the radius bar, showing the head of its joint or stud lying within the hollow of
the swell of the carrier bracket.
1"
Figure 18 represents a transverse section, partly in elevation, of a semi-rear
action, and semi-balanced turn-up berth, constructed and arranged according to my
said present invention, and with the framing supported at its front by the fore posts,
or by side headed studs on the sides of the frame, engaging within slotted and
cupped bearing brackets, carried by them.
The application of my invention to ships' furniture, differs in no.essential respect
from its application to ships' berths, as hereinbefore described, and set forth.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what 1
claim is :-
First In a four post ships' berth, mounting and supporting within the space
enclosed by the posts, a turn-up berth, or a turn-down berth, and with the inner or
rear sides of the framing thereof, pivotedly or jointedly hung or connected to the
rear posts, or to the slotted and cupped bearing and supporting brackets of the
said rear posts, and with the front part of the said berth or framing, connected to
the front posts by bulbous or other studs or pins, carried by it, engaging with slotted
and socketed bearing brackets, or their equivalents, whereby the berth is mounted,
to fold, and the integral or component parts constituting it, admit of being detached,
or separated one from another, and the same stowed away, substantially as and for
the purpose as set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Secondly-In a four post folding or turn-up ships' berth, providing the head
and foot ends of the said berth, with end framings secured and fitted between the
front and rear posts, by headed studs on the ends of the said framings, engaging
with slotted and cupped bearing brackets of the posts substantially as described
and set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
:-
Thirdly In a four post folding or turn-up ships' berth, or a tier of pillar
supported folding or turn-up ships' berths (with or without the lee-rails and
fittings) the general construction, arrangement and combination of the parts,
substantially as, and for the purpose as described and set forth in Figures 1 and 2.
Fourthly In lee-rail fittings of ships' berths, securing a lee-rail in its erect
position, by a runner bolt or necked collar ³, traversing upon a wormed extension
of the said lee rail of the one part, taking within a hole in a supporting pillar, or
within or upon a socket or stud carried by the pillar, or by the walls of a cabin,
of the other part, substantially as set forth, whereby a lee-rail is secured in an erect
position, or released for folding.
Fifthly In lee-rails or front framings of ships' berths, combining with a berth
framing, or the front of a berth framing, head and foot lec-rails, with a divisional
space between their inner parts, or inner ends, whereby a berth at its front, is closed
at both ends, leaving a divisional space in the middle whereby a person may readily
enter or leave the berth, substantially as described and set forth in Figure 7.
Sixthly In lee-rails, or front framings of ships' berths in tiers, making in one
piece, or in one frame, or combining together in a single frame, head and foot
lee-rails, respectively, and which said rails, are provided or have combined with
them, outward extensions ³, substantially as described and set forth in Figure 7.
Seventhly -In lec-rails or front framings of ships' berths, the general construc-
tion and arrangement of the parts of tiered berths, in which the upper berth is a
turn-up, and the lower one, a fixed, substantially as described and set forth in
Figures 7, 8 and 9.
:-
Eighthly In berths in tiers, or block berths in tiers, the arrangement of the
bearing brackets upon the pillars or posts, or the employment of intermediate
bearing and supporting brackets, for admitting of two, or three high berths being
arranged between the posts or supports, substantially as described and set forth in
Figure 10.
Ninthly In berth framings, providing the wooden or other ends, with clips or
shoes, having headed pins upon their upper and outer parts, which take or engage
with slotted and cupped bearing brackets, carried by pillar or other supports, whilst
the lower ends of them, carry pockets or open topped sockets, wherein the ends or
heads of studs or pins, carried by the ends or sides of the berth framing, or bottom,
rest, and which ends or sides are steadied, or kept rigid to the supports, by out-
standing arms or snugs, as set forth in Figures 11, 12 and 13.
Tenthly-In ships' berths and berth framings, the general construction and
arrangement of the parts, for single berths, double berths, or berths arranged in
tiers or blocks, as described and set forth in Figures 11, 12, and 13.

page_text: Eleventhly In a turn-up or folding ships' berth with radius bars, the general
arrangement, combination, mounting and fitting of the parts, substantially as
described and set forth in Figures 14 and 18.
Dated this 13th.day of April 1891.
WILLIAM PARISH HOSKINS.
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.