A NEW OR AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR UTILIZING CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "A NEW OR AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR UTILIZING CENTRIFUGAL FORCE." A communication from abroad
by Mr. Napoléon Rebour, of Paris, France, Mechanist, and Mr. Auguste Louis
Bernard Devót, of 82, Boulevart Haussmann, Paris, France, Gentleman.
Sealed the 29th December 1876, and dated the 15th July 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1876.
"
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi; in the County of Middle-
sex. A NEW OR AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR UTILIZING CENTRIFUGAL FORCE."
This is an Invention communicated to me from abroad by Messrs. Rebour and
Dévot, who in their description say:-"Our Invention has for object an apparatus
which we denominate multiplier of forces, whereof the different parts are combined
in such manner as to utilize the action of centrifugal force developed by the action
of moveable weights mounted on levers having rotary motion, transforming into
power the effects of reaction of the centrifugal force developed.
"
This apparatus may be employed in all cases where motive force is required."
The nature of the machine will be understood from the accompanying Drawings.
Fig. 1 shews the machine in elevation, and Fig. 2 is an end view.
The machine, as will be seen, is arranged to be actuated by hand by means of a
handle a, from which motion is imparted through gearing to the shaft b, having on
it the bevil wheel c, which gears into and drives the bevil pinion & and other parts;
e is a fly wheel on the shaft b; f, g, are bobs or weights through which respectively
the arms h, i, pass in such manner as to leave the bobs free to deviate from the
centre; k, l, are forked rods; the forked end of each rod is bolted at two points to
the circumference of the corresponding bob; the other end of the one rod is
attached to the lever m, that of the other rod to the lever n. This part is constantly
drawn by the speed of rotation which developes the centrifugal force. The vertical
shaft o through the bevil wheel p drives in contrary directions the bevil wheels q,r,
on the shaft s, which is provided with clutch couplings, as shewn. As will be seen
the machine is provided with antifriction bearings; t is framing, and u, u, are
pillars.
=

page_text: The inventors state that by means of this machine they obtain multiplication of
force by the utilization of the effects of reaction of the centrifugal force developed
by the rotation of the levers fitted with the moveable weights.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
January 1877.
sex.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chanìbers, Adelphi, in the County of Middle-
"A NEW OR AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR UTILIZING CENTRIFUGAL FORCE."
A communication from abroad by Mr. Napoléon Rebour, of Paris, France,
Mechanist, and Mr. Auguste Louis Bernard Devot, of $2, Boulevart Haussmann,
Paris, France, Gentleman.
This is an Invention cominunicated to me from abroad by Messrs. Rebour and
Devôt, who in their description say:- "Our Invention has for its object an appa-
ratus which we call a multiplier of forces,' whereof the different parts are com-
bined in such manner as to utilize the action of centrifugal force developed by the
action of moveable weights mounted on levers having rotary motion, transforming
into power the effects of reaction of the centrifugal force developed.
This apparatus may be employed in all cases where motive force is required.
The accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents the machine in elevation and in
plan (Figs. B and A), in vertical section and horizontal section (Figs. E and D), and
in and view (Fig. C).

page_text: No. 28. Second box containing second spring, second clutch.
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29. Second drum, which serves for winding up spring No. 30 from left to right.
30. Second spring having. the same office as the first, but acting in a con-
trary direction.
"
No. 31. Second cylindrical projection forming part of the second box producing
the same effect as the first but in a contrary direction.
No. 32. Second neck formed in the centre of the second cylindrical projection.
"
33. Prolongation of projection forming at its circumference a ratchet wheel,
the inclination of the teeth of which differs from that of the former, that is to say,
they are cut in a different direction producing a contrary effect.
No. 34. Second stud in one piece with the horizontal shaft engaging in the
second groove formed in the second drum.
No. 35. Two teeth attached to box No. 28.
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36. Second strap fixed to the under side of frame or bed plate No. 1 forming a
fulcrum for the second catch or ratchet working in an opposite direction to the
former.
No. 37. Second catch or ratchet placed opposite the former.
"
38. Flange forming part of box No. 28.
It is against this flange that the
cheek 39 bears, held in this position by means of bolts; this check is in one piece
with the projection No. 31, and also the ratchet wheel.
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39. Cheek referred to in No. 38.
40. Flange of spur wheel No. 17; same explanation as the preceding.
"
41. Second cheek; same explanation as in No. 38.
"
42 (See Fig. A) are the four bolts which serve to fix the machine to any
object whatever; a tram car, boat, stationary engine, or even a railway wagon.
No. 43. Vertical shaft carrying a horizontal spur wheel (No. 44) which gears
into the two other spur wheels (Nos. 11 and 15). The portion No. 45 of the shaft
projecting below the spur wheel terminates in a centre working in a shoe bearing
(46).
No. 44. Spur wheel fixed below the table of frame or bed plate No. 1 keyed in
its position on the vertical shaft No. 43. The latter causes the spur wheel No. 11
to revolve in a forward direction and the spur wheel No. 15 in a backward direc-
tion, it being understood that the two spur wheels are not keyed to the horizontal
shaft No. 2.
No. 45. End of the vertical shaft No. 43 terminating in a centre.
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46. Shoe bearing carried by a strap which is fastened by means of two nuts
underneath the table of bed plate No. 1.
No. 47. Strap referred to.
"
48. Fixed plate fastened to the table No. 49 of the frame or bed plate No. 1
by means of two bolts, the vertical shaft No. 43 passing through its centre. On
its upper surface is a recess or hollow in which are nine spheres or balls; the
diameter of the recess or hollow is a matter of importance.
No. 49. Table of bed plate mentioned in connection with No. 48.
"
50. Nine spheres or balls.
"
51. Projection forming part of the large plate No. 52, in the under side of
which there is also a recess or hollow parallel to that in the fixed plate above
mentioned.
No. 52. Large plate keyed to the vertical shaft No. 43 so as to revolve as one
with it.
No. 53. Pillar forming distance piece between the upper and lower frames.
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54. Second pillar arranged near the first in order to support the weight of
the fly wheel.
Nos. 55 and 56. Two pillars for the same purpose as the former; they form
distance pieces between the frames and strengthen the machine.
Nos. 57 and 58. Two other pillars which not only serve to preserve the distance
between the frames, but also to carry the parts by which the machine is put in
motion.

page_text: No. 59. Second and upper plate or frame which is kept in position by the six
pillars. This plate has three slots or apertures Nos. 60, 61, and 62. It is kept in
place by nuts screwed on to the ends of the pillars.
No. 60. Slot or aperture for the fly wheel.
"3
"
61. Cylindrical aperture in the centre to allow the working of the parts.
62. Third slot or aperture for the gear serving to transmit the motion given
by the hand to the multiplier.
No. 63. Small pillar separated from pillar No. 53 by the thickness of plate or
frame No. 59 and placed vertically above it; the upper portion forms a fixed plate.
No. 64. Fixed plate.
"
65. Nine spheres or
portance.
No. 66. Moveable plate.
are contained the spheres.
balls, the diameter of which is also a matter of im-
The two recesses or hollows are parallel, and in them
No. 67. Small standard screwed into the fixed plate; this standard forms a
bearing in which is a centre capable of being raised or lowered as occasion may
require.
No. 68. Centre in the vertical axis (axe) of the fly wheel, preventing it from
shifting to the right or left.
No. 69. Cross bar separated from plate or frame No. 59 by three distance
pieces No. 70, and fixed by means of three bolts and nuts; in this cross bar there
is an aperture 87, the object of which is manifest.
No. 70. Three distance pieces which serve to connect the cross bar with plate No.59.
71. Bracket bolted to column 58. Upon this bracket is fastened a fixed
plate by means of a pin which passes through the moveable plate 74.
"
No. 72. Fixed plate, having on its upper side a recess or hollow, in which are
contained nine spheres, 73.
No. 73. The nine spheres.
"
nut 85.
74. Moveable plate connected to the fixed plate by means of a pin with
No. 75. Second bracket, bolted in like manner to pillar 57; upon this bracket
is fastened a second fixed plate.
No. 76. Fixed plate; same explanation as for the former.
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"
77. The nine spheres.
78. Small shaft, on which are keyed two rings or collars 79 and 81, bearing
on the moveable plates 74 and 84. These points of support serve to transform the
friction into rolling, and thus save the necessity for a lubricant.
No. 79. Ring or collar mentioned above.
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"
80. Toothed wheel keyed on to shaft 78 between the two rings or collars.
81. Second ring or collar. This arrangement annuls the effect due to the
resistance of the two geared wheels, which have a tendency to separate from each
other, on account of the resistance to be overcome, which would occasion a certain
amount of friction with ordinary bearings.
No. 82. Vertical hand wheel keyed on the shaft 78; to the rim of this wheel is
attached a handle 83.
No. 83. Handle by means of which motion is given to the multiplier by manual
power.
No. 84. Moveable plate, producing the same effect as plate 74.
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"
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85. Pin which passes through both plates, the fixed and the moveable.
86. Second pin, in a position similar to the former.
87. Aperture in cross bar 69 permitting of the two wheels gearing into one
another.
No. 88. Lever serving to throw the wheels 11 and 15 in and out of gear. Its
fulcrum is in the strap 89 underneath the bed plate No. 1 (see Fig. E).
No. 89. Strap, seen clearly in Fig. E; it serves for two purposes-first to
afford a fulcrum for the lever 88, and, secondly, to form a guide for the bar 90,
which is provided with two forked ends, engaging in the necks 22 and 32.

page_text: No. 90. Bar provided at each end with a fork which serves by the motion of the
lever SS to move from right to left the spur wheels 11 and 15 so as to throw them
in or out of gear. When the lever 88 is brought to the end of its travel towards
the left the machine moves from back to front by means of two other pulleys keyed
to the axle of the fore carriage. (It is imperatively necessary that there should be
one loose and one tight wheel; by adopting the same arrangement in the bind
carriagecurves would be run round with less resistance.)
No. 91. Long aperture in the side of the frame or bed plate No. 1.
31
92. Fixed plate placed above the cross bar 69, also having on its surface a
recess or hollow, the diameter of which is important.
No. 93. Nine spheres, the diameter of which is also important, as well as their
number.
No. 94. Moveable plate. These two plates are connected not only by the hollows
in which the spheres are contained regulating the circular motion, but also by a pin
95, which passes through the cross bar, secured by a nut in such a way that the
rotary motion of the moveable plate shall not be interfered with.
No. 95. Pin, the object of which is explained above.
"
96. Third horizontal shaft kept in place by two centres 68 and 106, moveable
in a vertical direction; on the same shaft is keyed a ring or collar 97 bearing on
the moveable plate, thus avoiding friction.
No. 97. Ring or collar keyed on to shaft 96, it bears on the moveable plate for
avoiding friction.
No. 98. Small pinion keyed on to shaft 96, and making ten revolutions to one
of the toothed wheel 80.
No. 99. Second ring or collar, its point of support producing an effect opposite
that of the former, but giving the same result.
No. 100. Strap bolted to the cross bar 69, its lower portion is bent, as also is
its upper portion, below which is fastened a fixed plate by means of a pin or bolt,
serving as the axis for the two plates.
No. 101. Moveable plate underneath which bears the ring or collar 99; when
the toothed wheels have a tendency to separate, this plate counteracts the friction.
No. 102. Nine spheres contained between the two hollows or recesses.
33
103. Fixed plate, both are kept in place by the strap 100 and the pin
No. 104.
No. 10. Pin or bolt with nut at the end in no way interfering with the rotary
motion of the moveable plate No. 101.
No. 105. Bearing fixed on the cross bar 69 by a nut at its lower end.
>>
106. Centre on which the end of the shaft works, this centre working in a
guide only permits the shaft to rise or fall.
No. 107. Fly wheel keyed on the end of the shaft 96, it produces an effect
contrary to that of fly wheels generally, for the simple reason that the effort
for putting it in motion, as compared with that which is necessary for putting in
motion fly wheels running in bearings, permits of realising an economy of 50 per
cent. of power. The end of the boss of this fly wheel constitutes a roller.
No. 108. Roller forming part of fly wheel, its circumference bears upon the
moveable plate 66, as will be seen, the two ends rest on moveable plates, wherefore
the heavier it is, the more easily is it put in motion, a fact which appears contra-
dictory to elementary principles.
No. 109. Spur wheel keyed on to the shaft 96, which is put in motion by means
of the handle 83 with ten times the speed; this speed is transmitted to the spur
pinion 110 with an increase of speed.
No. 110. Pinion revolving horizontally and in one piece with the plate 111.
ور
111. Plate situated above the frame or plate No. 59, and kept in this position
by means of a tube terminating in a head. To its lower end is screwed a nut and on
this nut 116 rests a fixed plate 117, provided with a recess or hollow containing
nine spheres 113, on which bears the moveable plate 112 intimately connected
with the large plate. Its weight as will be seen is all the more borne by the

page_text: cross bar 69 the greater the pressure occasioned by the tendency to separate of the
two spur wheels, the friction being always reduced to a minimum (see Fig. E). The
use of this plate is to maintain in a circular direction the break of equilibrium
in the two levers 118 and 119, which pass thro' the plate and are held by two
nuts 120. Their lower ends are fixed to the plate 52 by two shoe bearings with
lugs 121 bolted to the plate, thus permitting the levers to become inclined and so
turn to account the gravitation of the bobs.
No. 112. Plate with recess or hollow attached to the centre of the plate 111.
"
"
113. Nine spheres permitting of a rotary motion without friction.
114. Lever intimately connected with tube 122; the latter is made to
revolve by the rotary motion of the plate 111 provided with two pins 123 bolted
on, which exert a tractive action on the lever by means of the rods 124.
No. 115. Head of the small tube which passes through the cross bar and the
large plate, as well as the two others, 112 and 117, having at the end a nut 116.
All the effects (actions) are explained above.
No. 116. Nut which supports the plate 117.
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39
117. Plate screwed to the small tube explained above.
118. One of the first levers passing through the arm 125, which sustains the
weight of the bob 126; round this lever is a tube 127, the lower end of which is
screwed to take a nut 128 below the arm 125.
No. 119. Second lever also passing through the arm 125 on the opposite side to
the first; its office is similar to that of the first, viz., to sustain the weight of the
second bob 129.
No. 120. Two nuts which hold the levers 118 and 119 on the plate 111 in order
that if the plate 52 should be found to run at a bigher speed the levers may not
become separated from the upper plate.
No. 121. Two shoe bearings with lugs bolted on the plate 52; they serve as
points of support to the levers 118 and 119 without interfering with the inclina-
tion which it may be desired to give them.
No. 122. Tube surrounding the vertical shaft 43; towards the lower end of this
tube is fixed a collar 132 carrying two pins. To the upper portion of this tube is
fixed a lever, the use of which has been explained in 114, and will be referred to
again.
No. 123. Two pins or arms (with forked ends) bolted to the under side of the
plate as near as possible to the centre to act on the ends of the lever 114 by means
of the two rods 124. The object of this arrangement is to deminish the reaction
caused by the tendency to fly off of the bobs, which afford an application of centri-
fugal force hitherto unknown. At No. 132 this effect will be enlarged upon.
No. 124. Two rods which impart a rotary motion of the lever 114 causing the
tube 122 to revolve.
No. 125. Arms which guide (direct) the flying off of the bobs 126 and 129; in the
centre of these armis there is a cylindrical aperture for giving passage to the vertical
shaft surrounded by the tube; there are also in these arms two other cylindrical
apertures through which pass the levers 118 and 119. In these four parts nothing
is rigidly connected; it will be seen that the weight of the bobs is sustained by the
muts 128 and 131, and here is a fact which may at first sight appear contrary to
elementary principals; it will be noticed that the gravitation of the bobs weighing
on a point of support below transfers this effect to the upper portion of the levers,
provided that the tubes 127 and 130 be at their upper portions closed by washers
or collars having in the centre cylindrical holes for giving passage to the levers
which pass through the plate 111. Before the insertion of the washers or collars
the spiral springs 133 and 134 are put in their places surrounding the ends of the
levers, the diameter of which is less than that of the remaining or lower portion so
as to afford two shoulders which become the points of support for the springs.
This arrangement possesses considerable advantages; it transfers the effect of the
gravitation of the bobs to the upper end of the levers which permits of any disturb-
ance of the equilibrium being deminished, and yet, notwithstanding this, it gives

page_text: greater effect to the tendency to fly off of the weights. The length of the
levers gives an economy over the original force for maintaining in a circular direc-
tion the disturbance of the equilibrium. To doubt these effects is to disbelieve
the falling of bodies to the earth, the action of the steel yard, the power of the
lever, etc.
No. 126. One of the bobs, which has in its centre a mortise passed through by
the arm 125 so as to allow this bob to move farther from the centre; this ten-
dency is counteracted by a rod 137, which has two branches 138 and 141 bolted to
the upper and lower portions of the bob; the other end of the rod is connected to
that of the lever 139 intimately connected to the tube 122. It is owing to the
speed imparted to these bobs that they act on the lever 139, and that the centri-
fugal force becomes utilized, an arrangement which has never before been carried out.
No. 127. Third tube which surrounds the lever 118, screwed at the lower por-
tion, as has been mentioned, to receive a nut 128. At its other end is fixed a
washer. In the interior are the collars or washers 151 and 152, which have in
their centre a cylindrical aperture in connection with the end of the levers 118.
and 119. These collars or washers are only fixed after the insertion of the springs
133 and 134. These tubes are useful for transferring the action of gravity of the
bobs to the upper portion of the levers in order that the weight may exert greater
effect, while at the same time preserving the advantage of the length of the levers.
No. 128. Nut underneath the arm 125, already explained.
"
129. Second bob, of the same weight as the former, held in the same manner
and producing the same effect.
No. 130. Fourth tube, same explanation as for No. 127; the same results,
although it is placed opposite the former; its inclination is the same.
No. 131. Second nut for the same purpose as 128.
"1
132. Collar carrying two pins forming one and the same piece with it, placed
on the same horizontal line; this collar is fixed on tube 122. On these pins two
levers 142 and 143 are held in a vertical position by means of cylindrical holes, the
portions most elongated are upwards, a fact which gives leverage power; to the
lower portions of these levers bolts are screwed, leaving a space between the heads
of the bolts 148 and 149, and the sides of the levers; it is against these bolts that
the two levers 146 and 147, placed horizontally on the plate 52, are held, being kept
in this position by two bolts screwed to the plate; at the ends these levers are
arranged one to the right and the other to the left of the tube 122; although placed
in a different direction one from the other their tractive action on the plate is in the
same direction as the rotary notion of the plate 52.
Let us again refer to the two pins or arms 123, which are fixed as near as possible
to the centre of the plate 111; the rods 124 act on a lever 114 much longer than
the distance between the pins 123. Let us now see the effect of the centrifugal
arrangement. It will be noticed in the Drawings that the levers 139 and 140 are
placed the one over the other, and are passed through by the tube 122, being free
in their motion. Below the lower lever there is a projection 144, which forms a
knee piece (moveable hinge) with the lever 143, the other end of the lever 140 is
5 drawn by the rod 137 in a backward direction, and consequently in a direction
opposite to the rotary motion of the plate 52. It is this reaction which we trans-
form into power, for this very simple reason, the rod 137 draws in a backward
direction the lever 140; the other end of this lever causes the longer portion of
the vertical lever to act in a forward direction. It is manifest that this lever is
attached to a pin on the collar 132; it will be noticed that the lower portion of
the lever draws the plate from left to right; it is easy to see that by the application
of the levers the reaction due to the centrifugal force is almost destroyed, provided
that the lever 114, intimately connected with the tube 122, be of great length and
be actuated by one much shorter by means of the plate 111. This first effect is
transferred to the collar 132, provided with two pins connected to the vertical
levers, the upper ends of which being longer than the lower portions give a power,
a circumstance which increases it still more, because it is the shorter portion of the.

page_text: superposed levers 139 and 140, the other and longer portions being drawn by the
centrifugal force occasioned by the tendency of the bobs to fly off. It will be scen
that the effect of the reaction is transferred to near the centre, while the effect of
the multiplier of power acts on the leverage. We think that these details are suffi-
cient to enable the reader to understand the effect, especially as there is a Drawing
to refer to.
.
No. 133. First spiral spring fixed on the upper end of the lever 118, surrounded
by the tube 127 and closed by a collar 151 secured by screws. These springs are
introduced to give flexibility; their effect is better explained by their application
than theoretically; but the inventor has endeavoured, as far as possible, to avoid
rigidity in the joints of his machine.
No. 134. Second spring producing the same result as the first, with the exception
that it is fixed in the opposite direction, that is to say, one is on the right and the
other on the left.
No. 135. First stop fixed at one end of the arın 125 to provide for the case of
any fracture occurring through the centrifugal force.
No. 136. Second stop fixed to the other end of the arm with the same object as
the first.
No. 137. Rod forked at one end, the two ends of the fork being bolted to two
points in the circumference of the bob 126, the other end of the rod is jointed to
the end of the lever 139; this portion is continually drawn in a backward direction
by the speed of rotation developed by the centrifugal force (see explanation at
No. 132).
No. 138. Fork in one piece with the rod 137 already explained.
"
139. Lever passed through by the tube 122, placed above the lever 140, the
aperture for the passage of the tube divides two different lengths, the shorter is
provided with a projection underneath; this projection passes through the thick-
ness of the second lever 140, the remainder engages in the neck of the upper part
of the vertical rod 142. The effect has been explained at No. 132; on the other
end is a cylindrical aperture which serves to unite this end to the arm 139.
No. 140. Second lever placed below the first, it produces the same effect as the
first with the exception that one is to the right and the other to the left.
No. 141. Second fork bolted to two places in the bob 129, same explanation as
for No. 138, given in the preceding number.
No. 142. First vertical lever held by the centre of the collar 132, same effect as
in No 139, except that they are placed in opposite directions..
No. 143. Second vertical lever, explanation given at No. 132.
144. First projection on lever 139, explanation given in No. 132, it passes
through lever No. 140.
No. 145. Second projection engaging in the upper end of the vertical lever 142, 4
explanation given in 132.
No. 146. Rod connected to the end of the surface of plate 52, its being drawn in
the direction of this plate is due to the effect of centrifugal force (sce No. 132).
No. 147. Second rod fixed opposite the first, giving the same result by the same
effect.
No. 148. Bolt screwed in the lower portion of lever 143 in such a manner as to
leave a space between the head of the bolt and the lever. It is to this bolt that
the rod 146 is connected at one of its ends, the other being bolted to the surface
of plate 52. Its use is explained at No. 132.
No. 149. Second bolt screwed to the second lever 142, same office as the preceding
one in an opposite position, same result.
No. 150. Second rod also forked at one end, the two ends of the fork being
bolted at two points in the second bob 129 (same effect as with the first rod).
The other end, all in one with the fork, is jointed to lever 140. (Explanation given
at No. 132).
No. 151. Collar fixed inside tube 127 at its upper end by means of three screws
after the insertion of the spiral spring No. 133; in the centre of this collar is a
A

page_text: cylindrical aperture through which passes the end of the lever 118; the gravitation
of the bobs making itself felt on the nuts 128 and 130; the weight of the bobs is
transferred to the collar now under consideration.
No. 152. Second collar fixed inside tube 130, having the same office as the first.
Having thus given the description of the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner of performing it, as communicated to me as aforesaid, I claim the special
arrangement of the above described machine, by means of which the multiplication
of force is obtained by the utilization of the effects of reaction of the centrifugal
force given out by the rotation of levers provided with moveable weights under the
b conditions above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
W. LLOYD WISE. (L.S.)