An Improved Apparatus for Heating by Means of Hot Water.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd June, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Mar., 1897-Accepted, 15th May, 1897
An Improved Apparatus for Heating by Means of Hot Water.
I, FREDERICK MANKS, of 33 Teal Street, Wakefield, in the County of York,
Plumber and Heating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved apparatus for heating public or private
buildings, greenhouses, and other structures or spaces by means of hot water. The
apparatus may be combined with any suitable existing boiler or furnace which is
capable of heating water and supplying the same to my improved apparatus.
In the ordinary form of apparatus for heating by means of hot water, the pipes
which form the apparatus are so arranged as to practically, constitute two lines of
pipes, one being for the outward flow of hot water from the boiler, the other for
the return supply to the boiler of the same water after it has been cooled; so that
the two lines of pipes are connected by a bend (or other suitable 'means) at the end
of the outward flow, while at the inward or boiler end of their course they are
suitably connected to the boiler. The outward or hot water line of pipes is
generally placed above the return or cooled water line of pipes, and the difference
in temperature of the water and consequent specific gravity thereof produces a
circulation in the pipes and through the boiler.
Now by my invention I use only one line of pipe, and by means of an interior
partition or division, form two channels, so that one channel is for the hot water or
outward flow, and the other channel for the cooled water or return line. The ends
of the pipes are preferably formed with flanges and faced, so that they may be
bolted together with red lead, or rubber, or asbestos between the faces, or simply
ground to make a tight joint, but I may use other methods of joining together
the lengths of pipe, care being taken to keep the two channels separate and
complete.
It is to be noted that by the means indicated above only about 'one half the usual
number of joints will be required; and that the supports will also be simplified,
being for one line only, instead of two as heretofore. This will enable branch lines
or extensions to be run with great facility, the junction pipes being also made with
two channels to make the requisite connections. A cap or end piece is provided
for the outward end of each main or branch line, so as to form a connection
between the two channels; and a similar means or a drum, with suitable means for
connection, is also provided at the boiler end, to allow for the requisite.circulation
through the boiler. In making my improved apparatus I do not limit myself to
any particular section of pipe, and I may adapt the form of the pipe to suit other
purposes, in addition to those already described.
Dated this 22nd day of June 1906
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433 Strand, London, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: An Improved Apparatus for Heating by Means of Hot water.
I, FREDERICK MANKS, of 33 Teall Street, Wakefield, in the County of York,
Plumber and Heating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved apparatus for heating public or private
buildings, greenhouses, and other structures or spaces by means of hot water.
The apparatus may be combined with any suitable existing boiler or furnace
which is capable of heating water and supplying the same to my improved
. apparatus.
In the ordinary form of apparatus for heating by means of hot water, the pipes
which form the apparatus are so arranged as to practically constitute two lines of
pipes, one being for the outward flow of hot water. from the boiler, the other for the
return supply to the boiler of the same water after it has been cooled; so that the
two lines of pipes are connected by a bend (or other suitable means) at the end of
the outward flow, while at the inward or boiler end of their course they are
suitably connected to the boiler. The outward or hot water line of pipes is
generally placed above the return or cooled water line of pipes, and the difference
in temperature of the water and consequent specific gravity thereof produces a
circulation in the pipes and through the boiler.
Now by my invention I use only one line of pipe, and by means of an interior.
partition or division, form two channels, so that one channel is for the hot water or
outward flow, and the other channel for the cooled water or return line. The ends
of the pipes are preferably formed with flanges and faced, so that they may be
bolted together with red lead, or rubber, or asbestos between the faces, or simply
ground to make a tight joint, but I may use other methods of joining together
the lengths of pipe, care being taken to keep the two channels separate and
complete.
It is to be noted that by the means indicated above only about one half the
usual number of joints will be required; and that the supports will also be
simplified, being for one line only, instead of two as heretofore. This will enable
branch lines or extensions to be run with great facility, the junction pipes being
also made with two channels to make the requisite connections. A cap or end
piece is provided for the outward end of each main or branch line, so as to form a
connection between the two channels; and a similar means or a drum, with suitable
means for connection, is also provided at the boiler end, to allow for the requisite
.: circulation through the boiler. In making my improved apparatus I do not limit
myself to any particular section of pipe, and I may adapt the form of the pipe to
suit other purposes, in addition to those already described.
In the further description of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying
drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a length of pipe a, having an interior
partition 6 cast in, by means of which two channels are formed, one being for the
hot water or outward flow, and the other for the cooled water or return, as indicated
by the arrows. Part of another length of pipe is shown on the left butted against
the full length; and a cap c is shown bolted to the pipe a on the right hand side of
the figure. The cap c is hemispherical in form, or of other suitable shape; and it
is formed without a central division, being intended for the end of the line of pipe
at which the return flow takes place. The joints are shown as faced on the flange
ends for white or red lead, but I sometimes use other forms of joints.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the pipe a shown in Fig. 1 ;

page_text: Figs. 3 and 4 are transverse sections through oval shaped pipes, but with the
central division cast in diverse positions. These take up less room in certain
positions, and are suitable for warming beneath counters and similar spaces, where
the available space is very limited.
Fig. 5 is a transverse section through a rectangular shaped pipe a, with a
branch pipe a having a central division 6. The branch pipe is screwed or
otherwise fastened on to the side face of the pipe a, the water being taken into and
returned from the branch pipe a', from and to the main line of pipe, as indicated
by the arrows.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The herein before described improved apparatus for heating by hot water as
specified and shown by the drawings.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
37 & 39 Essex Street, Strand, London, Agents for the Applicant.