IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING A NAP ON WOVEN FABRICS, AND FINISHING THE NAP OR PILE OF UNIONS, SATEENS, COTTON VELVETS, VELVETEENS, CORDS, MOLES, AND SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Worrall, of Ordsall, Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Dyer, for an Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING
A NAP ON WOVEN FABRICS, AND FINISHING THE NAP OR PILE OF UNIONS,
SATEENS, COTTON VELVETS, VELVETEENS, CORDS, MOLES, AND SIMILAR
FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Worrall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1881.
JAMES WORRALL, of Ordsall, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer.
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING A NAP ON WOVEN FABRICS, AND FINISHING
THE NAP OR PILE OF UNIONS, SATEENS, COTTON VELVETS, VELVETEENS, CORDS,
MOLES, AND SIMILAR FABRICS."
In the manufacture of fabrics, of which cotton, velvet, cords, and moles are the
types, it is common to raise the surface either by cutting the floated threads or by
carding the face, and thereby drawing out certain of the fibres of the fabric.
When the carding process is used the fabric is finished by shearing, but when the
pile is formed by cutting, the finish is obtained by first subjecting the cut pile
fabric to a brushing and singeing operation, and then bleaching and dyeing the
goods, and finally raising and setting the pile by means of brushes.
Now the object of the present Invention is to provide an arrangement of
machinery which, by simply changing the carding rollers to brushes, or vice versa,
will enable me to raise the nap or to finish the nap or pile in a more efficient
manner than heretofore.
In carrying out this object I may use the expanding table with travelling tenter
pins, as described in the Specification of my Patent of December 3rd, 1873,
No. 3969, as a bed for the fabric under treatment; or I may support the fabric
against the pressure of the card rollers or brushes upon roughened rollers which
will traverse the fabric through the machine.
In either case I mount the card rollers or the brushes in a horizontal rectangular
frame which is capable of very exact vertical adjustment, and is caused to travel
with its rollers to and fro in the direction of the weft, or at right angles to the
travel of the fabric.

page_text: The card rollers or brushes I form by preference in sections, fixing them upon
parallel axles which lie longitudinally of the cloth, and turn in bearings in the
adjustable reciprocating frame.
I have found a good result may be obtained by using five sets of sections, three
sections being mounted on each axle. These sections I arrange so that those of one
axle will be opposite the spaces between the sections of the next adjacent axle
and the diameter of the card rollers or brushes, and the distance apart of their
axles I arrange so that the width of the fabric will be more than covered by the
card rollers or brushes. The length of traverse to be given to the frame will be
about equal to the distance between the centres of the axles.
The reciprocating roller frame is mounted in a race, the guide bars of which are
attached at their opposite ends to slides which work in vertical guides formed in
the outer face of short standards on the main framing of the machine.
These slides rest upon inclines formed on a pair of longitudinal_bars, which
terminate at one end in screws formed to receive adjusting nuts. The nuts for
these screws are each formed with a collar and each nut passes through a fixed
bearing, and has keyed to its outer end a mitre wheel. A cross shaft furnished at
its opposite ends with mitre wheels serves to transmit motion to the two nuts
simultaneously, a hand wheel being fitted to one end of the cross shaft for the
purpose of rotating it. By turning this hand wheel the inclines on which the
slides rest may be withdrawn or advanced at pleasure, and thus the race will be
raised or lowered, and consequently the card rollers or brushes may be adjusted
with the greatest nicety to their work.
Rotary motion may be imparted to the card rollers or brushes in one direction
only, or in opposite directions by arranging a belt which connects with all the
driving pullies on the roller axle.
Above the rollers the reciprocating frame is fitted with a shaft, which carries a
band pulley at the middle of its length and another at one end thereof. This
central pulley receives motion through a band from a pulley on a pulley shaft
carried by a rocking frame, which has for its fulcrum a pulley shaft mounted in
bearings near the base of the machine. This rocking frame is further connected
with the horizontal sliding frame by means of link rods to ensure the movement
simultaneously of the two frames.
A band from a pulley on the main driving shaft imparts rotary motion to a
pulley keyed on one end of the fulcrum shaft, and a band from a central pulley on
this shaft carries up the motion to the upper pulley shaft of the rocking frame,
which motion is transmitted to the pulley shaft of the sliding frame as already
explained.
Fitted to the main driving shaft of the machine is an excentric, which transmits
through a connecting rod a vibrating motion to the rocking frame, and through it
a sliding motion to the horizontal card roller or brush frame.
The fabric to be treated receives a progressive motion through the machine as
usual, and while moving is subjected to the action of the rotating card rollers or
brushes, as the case may be, which as they rotate are moved slowly across the
fabric in the direction of the weft and act upon the face of the fabric to the degree
desired, the fabric being held up to their action by means of the supporting bed or
rollers, as above explained.
When roughened rollers are used to support the fabric, the card rollers or
brushes may be conveniently formed to correspond to the curve presented to them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Worrall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th October
1881.
JAMES WORRALL, of Ordsall, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer.
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING A NAP ON WOVEN FABRICS AND FINISHING
THE NAP OR PILE OF UNIONS, SATEENS, COTTON-VELVETS, VELVETEENS, CORDS,
MOLES, AND SIMILAR FABRICS."
In the manufacture of fabrics, of which cotton-velvets, cords, and moles are the
types, it is common to raise the surface either by cutting the floated threads or by
carding the face, and thereby drawing out certain of the fibres of the fabric.
When the carding process is used the. fabric is finished by shearing, but when
the pile is formed by cutting the finish is obtained by first subjecting the cut
pile fabric to a brushing and singeing operation, and then bleaching and dyeing
the goods, and finally raising and setting the pile by means of brushes.
Now the object of the present Invention is to provide an arrangement of
machinery, which by simply changing the carding rollers to brushes, or vice versa,
will enable me to raise the nap or to finish the nap or pile (as the case may be) in
a more efficient manner than heretofore.
In attaining this object I may use the expanding table with travelling tenter
pins, as described in the Specification of my Patent of December Third, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy three, No. 3969, as a bed for the fabric under treat-
ment; or I may support the fabric against the pressure of the card rollers or brushes
upon roughened rollers, which will traverse the fabric through the machine.
In either case I mount the card rollers or the brushes in a horizontal rectangular
frame which is capable of very exact vertical adjustment, and is caused to travel
with its rollers to and fro in the direction of the weft or at right angles to the travel
of the fabric.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 shews in side elevation my improved
machine fitted as a finishing machine or with rotary travelling brushes which
take the place of the card rollers used for raising the pile; Fig. 2 is a plan
view of the same; and Fig. 3 is an elevation partly in section of the delivery end
of the machine.
In these Figures A is the expanding table for supporting the fabric against the
pressure of the rotary brushes B, B, or of card rollers occupying their place.
The tenter chains which traverse the fabric through the machine run in guides
at the opposite sides of the table and over chain wheels, as described in my above
mentioned Specification.
The brushes B are fixed on parallel axles which lie longitudinally of the cloth
and turn in bearings in the adjustable reciprocating frame C.
The frame C is mounted in a race D, the guide bars of which are attached at
their opposite ends to slides d, which work in vertical guides formed in the outer
face of four short standards d' on the main framing of the machine.
The slides d rest upon inclines e formed on a pair of longitudinal bars E, which
rest upon supports formed on the face of the standards d. These bars terminate
at one end in screws e¹, formed to receive adjusting nuts F. The nuts for these
screws are each formed with a collar, and each nut passes through a fixed bracket E¹
on the main framing. These nuts have keyed to their outer ends mitre wheels F¹.
A cross shaft F2, having its bearings in the brackets E¹, and furnished at its opposite
ends with mitre wheels F³, gearing into the mitre wheels F', serves to transmit
motion to the two nuts F simultaneously, a hand wheel F* being fitted to one end
of the cross shaft for the purpose of rotating it. By turning this hand wheel the
inclines e, on which the slides d rest, may be withdrawn or advanced at pleasure,

page_text: and thus the race will be raised or lowered, and consequently the brushes may be
adjusted with the greatest nicety to their work.
The frame C is shewn as fitted with four rotary brushes, but more may be
employed if thought desirable. This remark applies also to the card rollers used,
and the remarks which follow bearing upon the mounting and the working of the
brushes will apply also to the card rollers.
The diameter of the brushes and the distance apart of their axles are arranged
so that the width of the fabric will be more than covered by the traverse of the
brushes.
The length of traverse to be given to the frame will be about equal to or will
slightly exceed the distance between the centres of the axles.
Rotary motion may be imparted to the brushes in one direction only or in
opposite directions by arranging the driving belts to suit the requirements of the
case.
The motion for driving the brushes is taken from a shaft C¹, mounted in
standards carried by the sliding frame C. Keyed to this shaft, near the middle of
its length, is band pulley C2, and to its opposite ends are keyed other band
pullies C³, C.
These pullies carry bands, which lead down respectively to pulleys b, 61, on the
axles of the outermost brushes, and serve to drive those brushes in opposite
directions.
Fitted to the opposite ends of these brush axles are pulleys 62, 6³, which carry
bands that drive through pulleys 64, 65, the inner brushes.
Thus two of the four brushes will be caused to rotate to the right and the other
two to the left, thereby brushing the pile in opposite directions or from the selvages
of the fabric to the centre.
The driving pulley C2 receives motion through a band from a pulley G on a
shaft G', carried by a pair of radius arms G2, which have for their fulcrum a pulley
shaft H, mounted in bearings near the base of the machine. These radius arms G²
are further connected with the horizontal sliding frame C by means of link rods g
to ensure the movement simultaneously of the two frames.
Running longitudinally of the machine, and near the centre. thereof, is the main
driving shaft I, which imparts rotary motion through a band pulley I¹ to a pulley H',
keyed on the shaft H, and a band from a pulley H2 on this shaft carries up the
motion to the pulley Gs, which motion is transmitted to the pulley shaft of the
sliding frame, as already explained.
Fitted to the main driving shaft I is an excentric I', which transmits through a
connecting rod Is a vibrating motion to a rocking frame K, having for its fulcrum
the shaft H. This rocking frame K is connected by rods kc to the brush frame C,
and serves to impart a sliding motion thereto, which motion is followed by the
radius arms G2 for the purpose of enabling. the pulley G, of the shaft G¹, to keep its
driving bands at a proper tension.
The fabric to be treated receives a progressive motion through the machine as
usual, and while moving is subjected to the action of the rotating brushes, which
as they rotate are moved slowly across the fabric in the direction of the weft, and
act upon the face of the fabric to the degree desired, the fabric being held up to
their action by means of the expanding table A, as above explained.
As the cloth passes from under the action of the brushes B it comes under the
action of one or more transverse brushes L, which will complete the setting
up of the pile. The fabric is then doffed from the tenter chains and led up to the
folding mechanism which laps into a pile in the usual manner.
Figures 4 shew a modification of the travelling brushes to suit the case of
roughened rollers acting as a support for the fabric in place of the expanding table.
The brushes, it will be seen, are formed so as to correspond to the curves presented
to them by the supporting rollers, and similarly the card rollers will be shaped to
correspond to the curves of the supporting rollers.
Figures 5 shew an arrangement of supporting rollers where the parts of the

page_text: fabric while under the action of the brushes or the cards are strained tight over
pairs of smooth bed rollers, metal plates being introduced between these pairs of
rollers to aid in supporting the fabric. The tension on the fabric is obtained by
passing the fabric under guide rollers and leading it to a draught card roller as
usual.
In adapting the traversing card rollers and brushes to the arrangements shewn
at Figures 4 and 5 these card rollers and brushes should be formed in sections in
contradistinction to the continuous acting surfaces shewn at Fig. 2.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improved Machinery for
Raising a Nap on Woven Fabrics, and Finishing the Nap of Pile Unions, Sateens,
Cotton Velvets, Velveteens, Cords, Moles, and similar Fabrics," and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
The application to pile raising and finishing machines of a sliding frame capable
of vertical adjustment for traversing card rollers or brushes over the fabric in the
manner and for the purpose above set forth, such card rollers or brushes receiving
at the same time a rapid rotary motion, as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Worrall, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
JAMES WORRALL. (L.S.)