Improved Wrench.
Year: 1891

page_text: -Date of Application, 14th July, 1891
Complete Specification. Left, 8th Apr., 1892--Accepted, 21st May, 1892
PROVISIONAL SI FUITIVATION.
Improved Wrench.
I, WILLIAM KING, of Bollington, near Macclesfield, in the County of Chester,
Bleacher and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention is designed with the object of applying the ratchet movement to
wrenches or screw keys so that a nut may be screwed on to or off a bolt whether
fast or Black thereon or when offering little resistance to being turned either process
being performed without removal of the wrench.
It consists essentially in applying to the ratchet wheel a second pawl affixed to
or carried by a lever or handle by which the ratchet can be moved forward whilst
the ordinary pawl remains stationary and prevents backward movement.
In carrying out the invention a handle or lever is provided which at one end
carries a ratchet and pawl. The centre of tho ratchet is open or hollow and
shaped to receive or fit over a nut, a second lever is connected to the handle or
first lever by the movement of which the ratchet can be turned about its axis.
The second lever may be in the form of a sliding bar moving along one side of
the handle and the end formed to engage with the teeth of the ratchet so that
at each movement to and fro the ratchet is turned one or more teeth, or the
second lever may be pivoted to move about the same axis as the ratchet and carry
a pawl so that when the handle or first lever is held stationary the second one
may be turned about its axis and the ratchet carried forward thereby. The second
lever in this case lies along the first when not used separately so that when the nut
is sufficiently firm on the bolt not to slip back with the tool the two levers form one
handle which can be grasped with one hand and used as a single lever.
With the sliding bar a small spring may be used preferably placed at the end
of the handle to draw the bar back after each forward movement of the ratchet.
If required the power to force forward the sliding bar may be increased by a
lever or other arrangement also preferably near the end of the handle and so in
case when there is little room for radial play of the handle the operation may be
nearly if not altogether accomplished by the use of the sliding bar.
In the case of the pivoted lever a spring may be placed between the two parta
of the handle and it may be cranked or bent or the end may be jointed or hinged
to prevent the fingers of the operator being trapped between them.
By this arrangement a nut which is fast may be unscrewed till it is.slack and the
operation continued without removal of the wrench till it is brought completely off
the bolt, or it may be placed-loose on the bolt and the reverse operation performed
till it is finally fixed.
The centre of the ratchet may be made interchangeable or otherwise arranged
to fit different sizes of nuts.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Wrench.
I, WILLIAM KING, of Clarendon Crescent, Ecoles, in the County of Lancaster,
Bleacher and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention is designed with the object of providing a wrench or screw key
with which nuts and the like can be screwed tight or loose without the removal of
the same therefrom-as is necessary with the present tools-whether the nut be
fast or slack upon the bolt.
It consists essentially in constructing the wrench or screw key with a ratchet or
toothed wheel the centre of which is open to fit upon or embrace the nut carried at
the end of a double lever carrying two pawls or dogs both of which engago there-
with by one of which the ratchet wheel is moved forward whilst the other remains
stationary and prevents backward movement.
It will be fully described with reference to the annexed drawings.
Fig. 1. Side elevation of wrench constructed in accordance with my invention.
Fig. 2. Plan of same.
Fig. 3. Transverse sectional elevation on line a
Fig. 4. Side elevation partly in section of modified form of wrench.
Fig. 5. Plan of same.
Fig. 6. Transverso sectional elevation on line y-y.
The handle or lever A forked or bifurcated at one end carries a ratchet B and
pawl C and a second lever D connected thereto carries a second pawl E; by the
forward movement of one lever while the ratchet is held from or prevented moving
backward or in the reverse direction by the pawl on the other the ratchet can be
turned about its axis. The centre of the ratchet is open or hollow and shaped to
fit over or engage with a nut.
Referring more particularly to Figs. 1. 2. 3
In the forked end a of the lever or handle A the ratchet B is fitted free to
rotate. The pawl C pivoted to the fork a permits rotation in one direction only.
A second lever D with forked end similar to the lever also fits over the end of the
ratchet and moves about the same axis, it also carries a pawl E either of these
levere may be held stationary and the other moved about its axis and the ratchet B
will be carried round or caused to move round thereby. When not being used
Beparately the second lever lies against the first so that when the nut is sufficiently
tight on the bolt to overcome the friction of the ratchets and not to slip back
with the tool the two levere form one handle which can be grasped with one hand
and used as a single lever.
A spring may be placed between the two parts of the handle and it may be
cranked or bent or the end may be jointed or hinged to prevent the fingers of the
operator being trapped between them.
Referring to Figs. 4. 5. 6.
In these figs. a modified form of the wrench is shown the handle A is forked at
one end to carry the ratchet B.and pawl C and is preferably hollow or tubular..
The second lever D is in the form of a sliding bar moving longitudinally of the
handle A the end d being formed like a pawl to engage with the teeth of the ratchet
80 that at each movement to and fro longitudinally the ratchet is turned about its
axis for the distance of one or more teeth. The lever D is preferably placed inside
the tubular handle as shown and moves along one side of it or it may be placed
outside the handle with a groove to receive it. The lever or sliding bar D is fitted
with a knob or handlo F by which it is moved towards the ratchet and a small
spring G placed at the end of the handle or other suitable position draws it back

page_text: again after each forward movement. By moving the sliding lever D the ratchet is
moved forward about its axis one or more teeth.
If required the power to force forward the sliding lever D may be increased
by a lever or other arrangement also preferably near the end of the handle and in
such case when there is little room for radial play of the handle the operation of
unscrewing and screwing up the nut may be nearly if not altogether accomplished
by the use of the sliding bar.
By the wrench constructed according to my invention a nut which is fast inay
be unscrewed till it is slack and the operation continued without removal of the
wrench till it is brought completely off the bolt, or it may be placed loose on the
bolt and the reverse operation performed till it is finally fixed.
The centre of the ratchet may be made interchangeable or otherwise arranged to
fit different sizes of nuts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. A wrench or screw key having a ratchet with hollow centre to engage with
the nut and two levers with pawls for actuating the ratchet by one of which the
ratchet is held and prevented turning back while being operated by the other sub-
stantially as described.
2. In a wrench or screw key the combination with the hollow ratchet which
engages with the nut of two levers each carrying a pawl by which the ratchet is
actuated substantially as described..
3. A wrench or screw key with the several parts constructed and arranged
substantially as described and shown either with reference to Figs. 1 to 3 or
Figs. 4 to 6.
Dated this run any UL
Арги 1076.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Manchester, Liverpool, and London, Patent Agents.