matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSET STENCH TRAPS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND IN STENCH TRAP MOULDS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE FITTING THEREOF
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Sutcliffe and Wright Sutcliffe
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1879.
HENRY SUTCLIFFE and WRIGHT SUTCLIFFE, of the Firm of Wright Sutcliffe and
Son, of Halifax, in the County of York, Brass Founders and Sanitary Engineers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSET STENCH TRAPS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH, AND IN STENCH TRAP MOULDS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
THE FITTING THEREOF."
This Invention relates, firstly, to improved construction of trap basins of water
closets, and in means of connecting syphon stench traps or pipes with the basins of
water closets and urinal basins.
We connect the syphon trap or the pipe to the basin by means of a short length
of brass or lead pipe or tubing, one end of which is received within a recess or
socket forming part of the basin, within which recess or socket the end of the pipe
or tube is secured by "running in" molten lead, and afterwards caulking in lieu of
putty and paint joint as heretofore.
"
The upper part of the basin is provided with a flange having adjustable holes so
that the discharge pipe and water supply pipes may be in any desired relative
position to the basin; the lower half of the basin has a like flange and holes. The
two parts constituting the basin and the "well are secured together by means of
the flanges and bolts, an india rubber or other washer being interposed between the
flanges to prevent escape of gases. The upper half or part of the basin is conical in
shape, and terminates in a dip pipe, the lower end of which is immersed in the
water in the "well," forming a trap, the dip pipe being by preference central to the
well, so ensuring a more equal distribution and effective flushing of water and
basin.
Secondly. The Invention relates to improvements in moulds for stench traps, for
which Letters Patent were granted to us dated the 23rd day of July 1872, and
Nod. 2194.
Also to an improved tool employed in the fitting of such stench traps to their
connecting pipes.
According to this our Invention we employ guage pins for ensuring accurate
relative positions of the cores, and at the mitres of the cores we employ mitre or
angle bits which ensure full bore of pipe so as to avoid hand grinding or cutting
out, as heretofore necessary. The mould is hinged at one end and is turned up into
[Price 2dl

page_text: "
nearly a vertical position for facilitating the running of the lead and casting the
" runner at the
pipe, the metal being passed to the mould through an aperture or
other or top end.
The tool employed consists of a centre piece or mandrill having an angle external
cutter, which when rotated by hand pares the outer edge of the pipe or its inner
edge, according to the angle of the external.
The tool aforesaid is applicable for soft metal pipe joints generally.
IMPROVED SLIDING STAY BUSKS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Wilhelm Ludwig Arens at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1879.
WILHELM LUDWIO ARENS, Manufacturer, of Hamburg, in the German Empire.
"IMPROVED SLIDING STAY BUSKS."
This Invention consists of an improved construction of the locking parts of the
busks of stays, by means of which a mutual sliding motion within certain limits
can be imparted to the two front ends of a stay in upright direction. Those sliding
stay busks accomodate themselves to the motions of the body, which is not the
case with the busks of former constructions, so preventing the breaking of the bone
in the sides of the corset and rendering the samo more comfortablo in wear.
The construction is as follows:-
-:
Instead of the studs formerly employed as fastening I attach to one half piece of
my improved busk round nuts provided with an inside screw thread in the free or
outer ends thereof. The material of the front of the corset is furnished with
corresponding eyelets which are hooked over the nuts, the free ends of which are
then closed by small screws. The busk of the other front end of the stay is
furnished with projecting lock or catch plates, as commonly; but instead of a slot
of horizontal direction these plates are furnished with upright slots, by means of
which a sliding motion of the two busks can take place in vertical direction. This
construction therefore allows of a certain up and down sliding motion of the two
front ends of the stay.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR BLEACHING VEGETABLE FIBRES, SUCH AS COTTON, FLAX, HEMP, AND THE LIKE FOR TEXTILE PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Alfred Barlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th August 1879. A communication
from abroad by Paul Schützenberger aud Laurent Naudin, of Paris, France.
WALTER ALFRED BARLOW, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, Patent Agent
and Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR BLEACHING VEGETABLE
FIBRES, SUCH AS COTTON, FLAX, HEMP, AND THE LIKE FOR TEXTILE PURPOSES."
A communication from abroad by Paul Schützenberger and Laurent Naudin, of
Paris, France.
This Invention is founded on the fact that the addition to the alkaline bath of a
reducing agent, such as a hydrosulphite, facilitates the softening of the vegetable
fibres and the elimination of encrusting matters and bleaching by means of decolo-
rising chlorides of lime or of soda thus becomes more complete, more rapid, and
more regular.
According to the requirements and in carrying out this Invention the hydro-
sulphite and particularly hydrosulphite of soda is mixed during or after the washing
with the caustic alkalies, or carbonates, or with lime. Thus, for instance, for
cotton, washing is done at from boiling point or 100° centigrade, or in a closed
vessel at a temperature comprised between 100° and 125° centigrade, the bath
being formed of caustic soda, or carbonate, and hydrosulphite of soda. The cotton
is then washed in water, and then treated by a solution of chloride of lime of a
strength of from 5 to 1° Baumé. It is well to effect this treatment at a temperature
between 30° to 50° centigrade, and at same time adding lime or chloride of lime;
the decolorisation is thus facilitated, but it may also be treated cold by the chloride
of lime alone by leaving the cotton longer immersed.
After this treatment water washing is effected, and the fibres passed to an acid
bath of sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and then finally washed. The strength
of the lye bath and the quantity of hydrosulphite employed varies with the nature
of the cotton. There is employed four parts of caustic soda, or carbonate, and 5 to
10 parts of hydrosulphite of soda concentrated at 30° Baumé for one hundred parts
of cotton.

page_text: The washing may also be by lime water in mixture with hydrosulphite of lime
or of soda.
For hemp and flax the treatment will be by caustic soda or carbonate of soda,
with the addition of hydrosulphite of soda in a closed vessel at a temperature
between 115° to 120° centigrade and after washing by chloride of lime.
AN IMPROVED GLASS CAPSULE
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Grant, of 7, Water Lano, Queen Victoria Street,
in the City of London, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED GLASS
CAPSULE."
Sealed the 2nd April 1880, and dated the 4th October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Grant at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1879.
DANIEL GRANT, of 7, Water Lane, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London.
"AN IMPROVED GLASS CAPSULE."
The object of this Invention is an improved glass capsule, which when fitted in
a bottle shall effectually prevent the cork or stopper from being withdrawn
without detection.
The Invention consists of a simple strip of glass, which is placed across the top
of the bottle above the cork, which is driven in deeper for the purpose, the two
ends of the strip of glass taking into opposite holes provided in the top flange of
the neck of the bottle, where they are secured by a suitable cement.
The transverse glass strip may bear any device, design, name, or mark, and as
the cork cannot be removed without first breaking the glass strip, it is obvious
that the contents of the bottle cannot be tampered with without fear of detection.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Daniel Grant in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd April
1880.
DANIEL GRANT, of 7, Water Lane, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London.
"AN IMPROVED GLASS CAPSULE."
The object of this Invention is an improved glass capsule, which when fitted in a
bottle shall effectually prevent the cork or stopper from being withdrawn without
detection.
The Invention will be clearly understood on reference to the accompanying
Drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a bottle with the neck portion in section;
Figure 2 is an outside view of the neck portion; and Figure 3, a plan or top view
of the mouth of a bottle with the improved capsule applied.
The Invention consists of a simple strip of glass a, which is placed across the top
of the bottle above the cork b, which is driven in deeper for the purpose, the two
ends of the strip of glass a taking into opposite holes c, c, provided in the top
flange d of the neck of the bottle, where they are secured by a suitable cement.
The transverse glass strip may bear any device, design, name, or mark, as
indicated in Figure 3, and as the cork cannot be removed without first breaking
the glass strip, it is obvious that the contents of the bottle cannot be tampered
with without fear of detection.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
The improved glass capsule hereinbefore described, and substantially as shown in
the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Grant, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of April, One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATES OF SODA AND POTASSA
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wigg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1879.
CHARLES WIGG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Alkali Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATES OF SODA AND POTASSA."
The object of the said Invention is to enable sulphates of soda and potassa to be
obtained from their chlorides, and he calcined at one operation in a more economical
manner than heretofore, with less wear and tear of plant, with a reduction in
labour, and having the hydrochloric acid evolved in a condition more suitable for
condensation and collection.
For the above purposes chlorides of soda and potassa mixed with the necessary
quantity of sulphuric acid to secure their conversion into sulphates are subjected
during agitation to the action of superheated steam, that is to say, steam of a
higher temperature than is due to its pressure. The agitation of the mixed chlorides
and sulphuric acid for the purpose of bringing every portion of the mass into
contact with the superheated steam is effected by suitable stirrers, or by the motion
of the vessel containing the mixture. The process may be carried on in fixed or
rotary containers or furnaces intermittently, one charge being removed before
another is inserted, or the process may be made continuous by feeding the chlorides
and sulphuric acid into the container or furnace whilst the calcined sulphates are
being drawn off or removed therefrom.
The hydrochloric acid evolved being mixed with steam and being practically free
from any admixture of air or other foreign gases, is under circumstances specially
adapted to enable condensation to be carried on rapidly, and with the minimum of
trouble and expense.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PNEUMATIC EXHAUSTING OR VENTILATING APPA- RATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Love at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1879.
ANDREW LOVE, of Egremont, in the County of Chester, Ship & Insurance
Broker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PNEUMATIC EXHAUSTING OR VENTILATING APPA-
RATUS."
"
The object of my Invention is to provide simple, durable, and efficient apparatus
or appliances for exhausting air or gases, such apparatus or appliances being specially
useful for extracting dangerous or objectionable gases from the holds or bunkers of
aailing or steam ships.
In carrying my Invention into practice I uso an exhaust pump apparatus of
novel construction, and employ such exhaust pump apparatus in combination with
openings, passages, or ways, such latter being constructed, formed, or made in any
convenient or well known manner, leading from the place or portions of a ship or
vessel it is desired to ventilate, to the valve chest of the said exhaust pump
apparatus.
The said exhaust pump apparatus consists of a solid piston working in a cylinder
fitted with a valve chest, the latter containing a suction valve or suction valves and
a delivery valve or delivery valves. Motion is given to the piston by means of an
excentric fitted to work in the cylinder within a frame or between guides attached
to the piston. A rod from the said frame or guides passes through an opening in a
cover fitted to the cylinder, and serves with the piston as a guide to the said piston.
Motion is given to the excentric by means of a shaft which is attached to the said
eccentric, and is supported in bearings formed with or attached to the cylinder.
The exhausting apparatus may be placed in any convenient place, and, in the
case of a ship, on deck or elsewhere, and may be worked by hand or other available
power, and the passages, ways, or pipes through which the gases are to be withdrawn,
as from the holds, spaces, or bunkers, are led from the said exhausting apparatus to
the desired spaces, openings in the said passages, ways, or pipes being made at the
desired points.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sebastian Notton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1879.
SEBASTIAN NOTTON, of Sainte Claude, in the Republic of France, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO."
The object of this Invention is to provide means for automatically emptying
from the bowl of the pipe the ash or tobacco which remains therein after the pipe
has been smoked.
For this purpose I fit in the bowl of the pipe a perforated false or moveable
bottom under which is placed a spiral spring; the false or moveable bottom is kept
in position in the lower part of the bowl of the pipe by a suitable spring catch, the
said spiral spring being compressed between the moveable botton and the bottom
of the bowl of the pipe. Suitable means are provided for operating the catch, so
that on the false bottom being released it is forced by the action of the said spring
to the top of the bowl of the pipe, thereby discharging any ash or tobacco remaining
therein. The moveablo bottom is then pushed back to its normal position and the
pipe will be again ready for smoking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW SASHES AND LIKE SLIDING PANELS SUSPENDED BY CORDS OR LINES, AND IN THE MODE OF SECURING THE ENDS OF CORDS OR LINES THERETO
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilkinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1879.
THOMAS WILKINSON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW SASHES AND LIKE SLIDING PANELS SUSPENDED
BY CORDS OR LINES, AND IN THE MODE OF SECURING THE ENDS OF CORDS OR LINES
THERETO."
This Invention is designed with the object of avoiding the pulling off of the
beading, and the taking out of the window sash whenever a lino breaks and a new
one has to be substituted.
It consists in constructing the sash with a groove in the ends of the frame
for the lines, in one part of which groove is a much deeper recess, and this
recess is slotted so as to open out on the side. Over this a plate is screwed with a
hinged door or flap. Upon an eye or other attachment in or on this door the line
inserted in the groove is attached.
The mode of applying the arrangement is as follows:-Firstly (to a window
where the parting bead crosses the pocket through the middle), I cut that portion
of the parting bead on the pocket at top and bottom, so that it and the pocket
come out together. Secondly (where the pocket is between the parting bead and
the inside bead) no beads require to be cut. Thirdly (when the window has
folding shutters). The pocket being in the shutter box no beads require cutting in
this case, then the plate and hinged door are fixed to the sash, two of these being
required for each sash. After this arrangement has once been applied the
application of a fresh cord can be made without any damage to the paint or
As a farther improve-
enamel, and in vastly less time than in the ordinary mode.
ment when putting in new windows it is advisable to make the left hand and top
beads permanent, and the right hand beads temporary, these latter will then always
suffice to enable the furniture, et cetera, to be got in or out of the house.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF MAKING SOAP BOXES OR OTHER PACKING CASES
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Smith Bosworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1879.
SAMUEL SMITH BOSWORTH, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Sawyer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF MAKING SOAP BOXES OR OTHER PACKING
CASES."
The object of my Invention is to simplify the construction of soap boxes or other
packing cases in such a manner that the same will be more durable, also to dispense
with the hoops hitherto used for bracing the same together.
I accomplish my object in the following manner: The battens at the ends of
the boxes or cases are grooved to receive the ends of the boards that form the bottom
sides and lid; the boards forming the ends of the box or case are secured to the
said battens, then the side boards are placed in their grooves and nailed, pinned,
pegged, or otherwise fastened to the battens. I then slide the bottom boards into
their respective grooves, and secure the same in a similar manner as before described.
When the goods are packed in the boxes or cases the lids are slided in the top
grooves of the said battens, and secured therein by means of straps, cords, nails, or
other fastenings.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLAMPING' and 'LAYING' or MARKING Off' DOOR AND OTHER FRAMES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lees at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1879.
•
.
THOMAS LEES, of Park Foundry, Hollinwood, near Manchester, Engineer. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLAMPING' and 'LAYING' or MARKING Off'
DOOR AND OTHER FRAMES."
By this Invention I secure a more speedy and better executed working in the
"laying" or "marking off" and "clamping" door and other frames.
My improvements consist in the placing upon the machine frame guides or rods
upon which "dogs" or other suitable arrangements are attached which can be
readily adjusted to suit any size of work to be executed. The guides are drawn
towards each other to the required position by means of either a lever or treadle
with a foot placed in any convenient position, so as to be readily worked or where
deemed necessary
I prefer to employ a screw attachment connected with the
guides.
For the purpose of "squaring" door or other frames I place in the required
position upon the guides two "dogs" constructed with their studs in the opposite
direction to those already fitted upon the guides or rods so as to form a stopper at
a right angle within which the frame is fitted.
The ordinary clamping bar is used when necessary to which I attach a double
stoppered "dog," that is to say, a "dog" constructed with a stop above and a stop
below the level of the bar itself; this " dog" can be adjusted to any position
required without the necessity of removing the same from the bar for the purpose
of reversing as is necessary with those at present in use.
"
For the purpose of "laying" or marking off" frames I employ adjustable
knives, so constructed as to be fitted to the guides or rods and held in the required
position by means of screws or otherwise. I also place towards the end of the
guide or rod, a knife and adjustable-stop combined so that the frame can be fitted
to the length required and remain at that length until otherwise adjusted.
I also place upon the guides or rods in any required position, one or more stops
for the purpose of adjusting the work to the necessary thickness required to be
set off.
IMPROVED PROCESSES AND COMPOSITIONS APPLIED TO VESSELS AND CASES FOR PRESERVING INFLAMMABLE AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1879. A communication
from abroad by Thomas Soubie, of Paris, France.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVED PROCESSES AND COMPOSITIONS
APPLIED TO VESSELS AND CASES FOR PRESERVING INFLAMMABLE AND OTHER
LIQUIDS AND ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES." A communication from abroad by
Thomas Soubie, of Paris, France.
Demi-johns or other kinds of vessels more or less fragile are used for the
carriage of certain liquids, these vessels being inclosed in wickerwork.
My communicator having observed that the covering of wickerwork was often
an insufficient protection against the blows to which such vessels are exposed, had
the idea of replacing the wickerwork by pasteboard, by cutting out a bottom and
surrounding the vessel with a piece of pasteboard, following its shape more or less,
coarsely sewing the bottom to this covering and fastening a collar round the
neck of the vessel, to which collar the fastenings of the pasteboard covering were
secured.
This method being defective, as there was no complete adhesion of the covering
to the bottle or vessel, recourse was had to steeping the pasteboard and reducing it
to pulp.
Experiments with pasteboard in pulp proving but imperfectly successful, the
pulp being of insufficient consistency, oil and the residuums from the manufacture
of gas were added to the pasteboard pulp with the best results, and finally in
another experiment a certain quantity of white lead and a very small quantity of
baryta was added.
This novel composition gives a soft and supple pulp or paste.
The vessel is covered or coated with this paste or preparation and dried; vessels
thus coated may when dried be thrown down with impunity from a certain height
and nothing will break.
Bottles themselves might be made of this composition.
The novel composition of this Invention may also be used as an inside coating
for cases for the transport of alimentary substances, in which case as the tar
might give a smell it is replaced by whiting.

page_text: Anyone desiring to manufacture his own pasteboard pulp may-in making my
composition use maise leaves where obtainable, or ramie or any other filamentous
substance, according to the country in which the composition is being made.
The substances are crushed between two cylinders and then macerated as in
making pulp for pasteboard.
I may place upon the demi-john or other vessel a first coating of the ordinary.
pulp or paste, then fit on to it a band of metal with two rings to facilitate its
carriage, and apply a second, and if necessary a third coating, into which I shall
have first mixed the matters entering into my composition as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM STEERING GEAR
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edward Brigham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1879.
THOMAS EDWARD BRIGHAM, of the Borough of South Shields, in the County of
Durham, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM STEERING GEAR."
In my Invention the steering apparatus may be driven by steam or hand power.
Upon the driving axle of the steering apparatus is loosely mounted a worm wheel,
which is driven by a worm upon a horizontal shaft supported in bearings in the
framework of the apparatus, and provided at each end with a crank or disc driven
by a steam cylinder, piston, and connecting rod, all suitably arranged and fixed
below the crank or disc before mentioned.
The aforesaid driving axle has also loosely mounted upon it the ordinary hand-
steering wheel. But it is evident that no motion is communicated to the driving
axle until the aforesaid worm wheel or the aforesaid handsteering wheel is put into
gear. This is readily effected by a double action clutch, which sliding horizontally
along the said axle in a keyway or slot engages either with the handwheel or with
the worm wheel, as may be desired. The double action clutch or clutches are
worked by a lever in the usual way. They are so arranged that by putting one
clutch into operation the other is by the same motion of the lever put out of gear.
In addition to the worm wheel and hand steering wheel loosely mounted upon
the before mentioned driving axle there is keyed a pinion wheel gearing into a
spur wheel, which latter is keyed upon a shaft, upon which is also secured a chain
wheel to operate the chain leading to the tiller; consequently when either the
worm wheel or the hand wheel is clutched and put into operation the rudder is
acted upon by the before mentioned chain.
The slide valve in the steam chest is actuated in the first instance by a vertical
rod provided, with a handle and pointer; below the pointer is a dial plate to
indicate the position the before mentioned pointer is to assume in order to bring
the rudder over to the required extent and in the desired direction by steam
power. When motion is by this means conveyed to the chain wheel through the
spur wheel and pinion above described, the said slide valve is again operated upon
by a bevelled cog wheel keyed to the end of the shaft upon which the chain wheel
is secured. This bevelled cog wheel actuates a wheel provided with a hollow
spindle, through the centre of which passes the aforesaid vertical rod. This hollow
spindle or sleeve rises up above the before mentioned dial plate, and has also a

page_text: pointer, which when it arrives beneath the pointer fitted to the said vertical rod
denotes that the rudder is held in that position indicated by the dial plate, and will
so remain until the handle attached to the before mentioned vertical rod is again
shifted. The rudder, in the manner above described, will then travel in the
direction last indicated.
IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR WATERPROOFING AND RENDERING SEMI-TRANSPARENT PLAIN, DYED, AND PRINTED FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1879.
" AN
JOSEPH WALKER, of Clayton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR WATERPROOFING AND RENDERING SEMI-TRANSPARENT
PLAIN, DYED, AND PRINTED FABRICS."
My Invention consists of an improved compound which I make of resin, beeswax,
glycerine, and soft-soap, mixed in the proportions of about twelve parts of resin,
three parts of beeswax, two parts of glycerine, and one part of soft-soap, but these
proportions may be varied, and when increased stiffness is required I add one or
two parts of gutta-percha. These ingredients are dissolved and mixed by heat, and
I then add sufficient naphtha, turpentine, petroleum, or other spirit, to render the
compound of a suitable consistency for spreading on the fabric, which spreading is
done by the machines commonly used by india-rubber manufacturers, and the fabric
is immediately passed over steam chests, cylinders, or other heated surfaces, to
complete the operation.
By the application of my improved compound fabrics are rendered semi-
transparent and waterproof, without being sticky or liable to crack.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS AND IN MACHINES THEREFOR
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1879.
(A communication from Schmidt Brothers, in Schwelm, in the German Empire.)
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire, Patent Agents.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS AND IN MACHINES THEREFOR."
(A communication from Schmidt Brothers, in Schwelm, in the German Empire.)
These machines are especially applicable for making wire nails with. thick heads
and thin shanks. The main feature is the use of knives which nip and divide the
wire, slanting so that by suitable pressing and stamping appliances the head is
made entirely.
The wire is introduced from below and is divided by two knives opposite one
another, cach piece forms later on a complete nail, and from the form of cut there is
no waste of material. The cut off piece of wire is by tongs conveyed to the press for
making the head. The separate parts or mechanisms for accomplishing the notion
are worked from a horizontal shaft revolved by strap and pulley.
The knives slide in two horizontal guides and are moved by two levers, against
the ends of which cams on the driving shaft are made to operate, the motion of the
knives being regulated by set screws according to the thickness of the wire.
The wire is guided to the knives by rollers, and by fixed tongs and moveable
tongs, which latter are on a separate support which is drawn down by a spring,
while its upward motion is accomplished as described later on.
The tongs conveying the cut off wire to the head press consists of a rod or limb
working horizontally in a bush or box, and of a rod hinged thereto and by a rod
connected to a lever having its fulcrum below on the bed plate, and obtaining a
reciprocating oscillating motion imparted to it by a cam on the driving shaft, hereby
the tongs obtain both an opening and closing action and a there and back motion.
By a stopper peg and screw the stroke of the tongs, and specially of their first named
limb, is limited.
When the tongs conveying the piece of wire have come under the matrix of the
head press the point of the piece of wire is in the jaws of the tongs below, and held

page_text: fast by the action of a lever actuated from a cam on the shaft, the conveying tongs
open and go back. The holding tongs with the lever are on a slide which obtains
up and down motion in the right moment by a cam on the driving shaft acting on
rollers on the slide. The holding tongs press the wire with its upper end in the
matrix, finishing the head.
The tongs in lowering open and throw the made nail out by means of an arm
between the jaws.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE REMOVAL OF WINDOW SASHES FOR THE PURPOSE OF CLEANING THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Kelly at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1879.
EDWARD KELLY, of Castlebar, in the County Mayo, Ireland, Architect and Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVED MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE REMOVAL OF WINDOW
SASHES FOR THE PURPOSE OF CLEANING THE SAME."
My said Invention is designed to enable window sashes to be taken into rooms
or apartments and cleaned, thereby obviating the risk of accident incidental to the
ordinary mode of cleaning from. the outside.
For this purpose I employ two plates of brass or other suitable material, one
placed at each side of the frame, inserted in pulley stile, and slightly higher than
the lower sash and the breadth of slip sash and freeing bead.
From the under surface of the plates are secured the slips and beads by screws
countersunk. These plates are semicircular on the top and are placed flat on the
face of the pulley stile, the upper portion of each being secured by a screw which
acts as a pivot, and on which the plate works, permitting the lower portion thereof
to swing inwards, and thus allow the sash to be readily removed.
A suitably arranged screw, which may be operated by a key, is inserted in the
lower portion, of the plates to keep them fast in their proper position when the
sashes are secure.
.
The upper sash can be brought into the room or apartment in the same manner,
as the lower sash, the slips and beads being removed and the space clear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING FLOUR
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Hind and Robert
Lund at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November
1879.
THOMAS FREDERICK HIND and ROBERT LUND, of Preston, in the County of
Lancaster, Corn Mill Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR DRESSING FLOUR."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for dressing
flour, and consists in constructing the outer line of the silk of the dressing reel
circular in cross-section instead of polygonal as heretofore. To this end we make
the extremities of the arms of the reel with suitably formed recesses into which are
fitted annular bands or hoops of metal, the bands or hoops being placed at intervals
lengthwise of the reel, preferably about thirteen inches apart. The silk is stretched
over the hoops and is stitched or laced tightly together at its edges. The outer
surfaces of the hoops may be coated with leather, india rubber, or waterproof
composition, to prevent injury to the silk by corrosion of the metal.
In applying our Invention to existing reels, short brackets or arms may be affixed
to the longitudinal wooden bars at suitable intervals, the outer ends of the brackets
or arms being shaped to receive the hoops of sheet metal, as herein before described.
In order to keep the meshes of the silk of our improved circular recl clear and in
efficient working order we employ a revolving or vibrating brush, running length-
wise of the roel and placed in a convenient position parallel thereto, suitable
provision being made for adjusting the distance between the periphery of the silk
and the edge of the brush. The vibrating or revolving brush is mounted upon a
shaft which may be driven either from the reel shaft or from any other convenient
motor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES, BOWLS, AND TUBES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Kesseler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1879. A communication
from Julius Riedel, Architect, of Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany.
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany,.
Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES, BOWLS,
AND TUBES." [A communication from Julius Riedel, Architect, of Berlin, W., in the
Empire of Germany.]
This Invention consists in the construction of a fluid reservoir in combination
with internal draw tubes and covers, to render the smoking through liquid more
comfortable and convenient than heretofore, also in the construction of pipe bowls
with double sides, covers and bottoms, thus giving an air space all round, in
combination with a perforated inner bottom or grate and inner draw tube, so that
the burning tobacco shall not heat the outer part of the bowl or tube and the oil
be readily drawn off from the tobacco.
The various parts may be made of any convenient material, the internal tubes
being fitted in discs or supports and allowed to project in the fluid in the reservoir.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAPLETS' EMPLOYED FOR MOULDING PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilson and John Greaves
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1879.
THOMAS WILSON and JOHN GREAVES, both of Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAPLETS' EMPLOYED FOR MOULDING PURPOSES."
"
Chaplets" are employed for supporting cores employed for metal castings, and
the object of our Invention is to construct the stem of such "chaplets" that when
cast or embedded within the metal they are perfectly solid with it, and not liable
to get loose, as is the case with "chaplets" of ordinary construction.
"
Chaplets" constructed in accordance with our Invention are particularly
advantageous for steam cylinder castings, and other castings for purposes where it is
required for the metal to be steam, water, or air tight. The ends of the "chaplets"
may be of ordinary construction, and formed to suit the purposes for which they are
employed, but on the stem is provided or cut a screw or spiral groove similar to that of
a screw. By this arrangement the molten metal on being let into the mould runs
into the spiral grooves or screw, whereby the stem is thoroughly and firmly
embedded therein, and the danger of it becoming loose or dropping out is
prevented.
AN IMPROVED CLASP OR FASTENER
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Moore at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1879.
HENRY MOORE, of 26, Rye Lane, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Dentist.
AN IMPROVED CLASP OR FASTENER."
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved clasp or fastener for
holding in position ladies' or childrens' hair, or plaits, or the like, whereby the
hair or plait is held more securely than by the means heretofore in use,
the clasp is
more easily adjusted, and the use of ribbons or their equivalents are dispensed
with.
My improved clasp is constructed of two suitably shaped plates hinged together
and provided at their free ends with any suitable catch. The inner surface of each
of these plates is provided with a number of teeth or projections, such teeth or
projections being so arranged that when the two parts of the clasp are closed
together over hair, or plaits, or the like, the teeth interlock one another in such a
manner as to prevent the hair being withdrawn from the clasp until the clasp is
opened.
It will be understood that any suitable ornament may be attached or applied to
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH PORTABLE PACKING CASES FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Vorster at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1879.
EDWARD VORSTER, of New Orleans, United States of America, at present residing
at No. 4, Clayton Square, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND CONNECTED WITH PORTABLE PACKING CASES FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND LIKE
ARTICLES."
The object of this Invention is to pack bottles, jars, and other articles having necks
narrower than their bodies, or having one end of less diameter than the other, in
boxes or cases in such manner that a greater number of such articles shall be
contained in a box or case of given size. For the above purpose I pack the said
bottles, jars, or like articles in boxes or cases of any ordinary construction in the
manner hereinafter described with the assistance of key, dividing, and sustaining
pieces arranged to hold the bottles, jars, or like articles rigidly in position. The
said bottles, jars, or like articles are interpacked or so placed that the necks or
ends of smaller diameter of one series extend in between the necks or ends of
smaller diameter and bodies of the other series. The key pieces formed of rectangular
strips of rigid material hold the bottles, jars, or like articles in position as regards
the ends of larger diameter.. The dividing pieces consist of thick soft paper or
other suitable material placed between or around the said bottles, jars, or like
articles to separate them from each other. The sustaining pieces are of thin strips
of wood or rigid material, are placed crosswise between the said bottles, jars, or
like articles of each series at the ends of larger diameter, and are of such a depth
that the necks or narrow ends of each series rest on or against them. The key
pieces also serve as sustaining pieces for a side and end row of each series.
In packing I proceed as follows:-One series of bottles, jars, or like articles are
placed in the box or case so as to rest side by side on the bottom thereof, and the
sustaining pieces are placed crossways between them, after which such bottles, jars,
or like articles are secured in position by the key pieces. The dividing pieces are
then placed between the said bottles, jars, or like articles, and the second series is
arranged so that the necks or ends of smaller diameter shall pass between the necks
or ends of smaller diameter and bodies of the series already in position, and shall
rest on the sustaining pieces; the sustaining pieces for the first series are now
placed in position, the key pieces are inserted, and the case is closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR FRAMES USED THEREIN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Russell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1879.
JAMES RUSSELL, of Bridgepark, in the County of Selkirk, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE
APPARATUS OR FRAMES USED THEREIN."
This Invention relates to improvements in spinning and twisting fibrous materials,
and in the apparatus or frames used therein, and has for its object so to construct
the said apparatus or frames that yarn of a superior quality is produced, and this
more rapidly than in the ordinary spinning frames or self acting mules. A further
advantage is that the quantity of waste produced is much lessened. According to
the said Invention the spinning and twisting is effected in a frame or apparatus
having a pair of rollers in front of the spool or bobbin, from which spool or bobbin
the sliver or yarn is drawn through the said pair of rollers, which revolve at the
same surface speed as the said spool or bobbin. The sliver or yarn passes from this
pair of rollers to another pair of rollers situated at or about right angles thereto,
and supported at the back of and receiving motion from a revolving tube, through
which the twisted sliver or yarn passes from the said rollers to the spindles, upon
which it is finally wound, and which is fitted with a ring and flyer which may be
similar to those used in the Syke's twisting frame. The last mentioned rollers on
the tube receive also motion of rotation on their axes, which may be given through
a wheel on the tube gearing with pinions on the said axes. They are speeded so
as to draw the yarn to the proper size, and being carried on the said revolving tube
a certain amount of twist is by them thrown upon the yarn, so that the yarn is at
the same time both drawn and twisted, and is consequently made quite level and
free from lumps and points. The ring and flyer of the spindles thereafter throw on
the yarn whatever additional twist may be required.
In place of spinning from spools or bobbins the slivers may be spun direct from
the carding engine condenser, in which case the arrangement of the apparatus is
the same as that herein before described; but as it may be found that, owing to the
rapid delivery of the sliver, the spindles upon which the yarn is finally wound
cannot be speeded high enough to throw the proper amount of twist on the yarn,
a second operation will then be necessary, which is performed by placing the partially
twisted yarn on an ordinary twisting frame, such as the Syke's frame, and there
giving the yarn the necessary additional twist.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1879. A communica
tion from abroad by Alphonse Girard, of Paris, France.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET." (A commu-
nication from abroad by Alphonse Girard, of Paris, France.)
The object of this Invention is the production of a new kind of shoe or other
covering for the feet, wherein the cambering, or more properly speaking, the sole
and the quarter, are stamped and made of a single piece, and without any joining
by sewing, nailing, or glueing.
The Invention substantially consists in cutting out a form of the required shape;
then after damping and by means of patterns, imparting to it the exact form which
it is required the shoe or other covering should assume.
According to one arrangement the entire shoe is obtained from a single piece of
leather. According to another arrangement the upper part or "upper"
is joined
on to the principal part. Shoes made according to this Invention may be with or
without heels, as well as with or without soles or high heels; they may or may not
be furnished with straps for keeping them on the feet; the front part may be fitted
with an upper part covering the instep, but in all cases the sole as well as the
quarter or back part of the shoe are made of one piece, having no join, stitch, or
glueing. These shoes or coverings may be made of leather or any other material
capable of being formed into shape, such as fabrics, cloth.
According to one arrangement the form of the piece cut out in the leather is
calculated so that the shoe is entirely obtained of a single piece, that is to say, that
not only the sole and quarter are of a single piece, but also the front part is shaped
in such manner that by stitching or sewing the front part the shoe or covering is
formed, and it may be provided with straps or other fastenings if desired.
Thus also, according to another arrangement, the shaped piece and the quarter
may stop at the lower part of the end of the foot, and is at this place covered with
an upper part, also shaped or made in any other manner; this shoe may besides be

page_text: provided with a heel and "pattern," or short sole, or even if thought advisable
with a strong entire sole; also the shoe may be provided with fastenings by loop
and button, or any other suitable arrangement for keeping the shoes or other
coverings on the feet. The Invention is applicable to all kinds of shoes, with or
without heels, soles, and with or without such kinds of fastenings as fancy or tasto .5
-max-dictato