IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN FURNACES AND CONVERTING CRHOLDING WORD IN CONNECTION THERE WITH
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Martin Stanley, Ironfounder, of Sheffield,
in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN FURNACES AND CONVERTING
CRHOLDING WORD IN CONNECTION THERE WITH
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Sealed the 25th February 1870, and dated the 27th August 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Martin Stanley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th August 1869.
I, JOHN MARTIN STANLEY, Ironfounder, of Sheffield, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN FURNACES AND
CONVERTING CRUCIBLES USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," to be as follows, that
is to say :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of iron and steel, and
consists of certain new or improved modes of utilizing and applying
the heat given off during the decarbonizing or converting process.

page_text: The object of these improvements is to economise the consumption of
fuel and reduce the cost of the metals. For effecting this object I
-decarbonize the molten metal in crucibles formed and constructed as
herein-after described, and apply the heat or gases given off during the
decarbonizing or converting processes, either alone or mixed with other
gases or fuel, to the purpose of smelting ore, or remelting or heating
iron or steel in a stack in connection with the crucible, or for carrying
on the decarbonizing or converting processes in the same furnace at the
same time, and in part without fuel, except such as is contained in the
metal. The crucible for converting or decarbonizing the molten iron I
make stationary, case it with cast or wrought iron or other suitable
material, and line it with strong fire resisting material, such as fire-clay
or ganister. The form inside is egg shaped with a dished bottom,
having an opening therein, with a branch proceeding therefrom, some-
what similar to the spout of a kettle, and lined with the same fire
resisting material as the crucible. This branch or trunk may rise to any
suitable height, so that the molten iron may stand at the same level in
it as in the crucible. The object of the branch is to obviate the necessity
of mounting the crucibles on axles or centres, so that the molten iron
may be poured into or tapped from the crucible when the blast is turned
off. In the upper part of the branch above the level at which the iron
stands a suitable blast is introduced and forced down through the
junction into the bottom of the crucible, through and amongst the
mass of molten iron until the decarbonizing process is completed. For
pouring the molten iron into the crucible before it is decarbonized I
provide an aperture in the upper part of the crucible or branch, which
can be opened or closed at pleasure. I provide a spout or channel at the
bottom of the crucible, through which the metal may be tapped as in a
cupola when the process of decarbonization is complete. During the
process a great quantity of heat is generated by the union of the oxygen
of the blast with the carbon contained in the iron. For the purpose of
utilizing this heat I provide a lateral opening in the upper part of the
crucible with a flue or channel which leads to the bottom of a stack con-
taining ore to be smelted, or iron, steel, or other metal to be remelted or
to be reheated. The heat given off during the process of decarbonizing
is thus forced upon and through the material to be heated, smelted, or
remelted, as is the case in the furnace described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me, and dated March 6th, 1868, No. 775. The molten

page_text: metal is accumulated and withdrawn as is therein described. For ascer-
taining the progress of decarbonizing I provide an opening in the upper
part of the crucible or flue, so that the nature of the flame may be
ascertained.
For the purpose of generating additional heat for producing a further
supply of molten iron in the receptacle of the furnace when the
decarbonizing process is completed, I attach a separate fire-place to
the stack, as described in the before-mentioned Specification, so that
any further quantity of molten iron may be produced, or I force granu-
lated or pulverised fuel with the blast into the crucible or flue when the
contents are in an incandescent state, for the purpose of producing
additional heat which is applied to the materials to be smelted or
remelted, as before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Martin Stanley in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 26th February 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MARTIN STANLEY, Ironfounder, of Sheffield, in the County of York, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Martin Stanley, Her special licence
that I, the said John Martin Stanley, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Martin Stanley, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term.
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN FURNACES AND CONVERTING:
CRUCIBLES USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Martin Stanley, my executors, or adminis-

page_text: trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Martin Stanley, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of iron and steel, and
consists of certain new or improved modes of utilizing and applying the
heat given off during the decarbonizing or converting process.
The object of these improvements is to economise the consumption of
fuel and reduce the cost of the metals. For effecting this object I
decarbonize the molten metal in crucibles formed and constructed as
herein-after described, and apply the heat or gases given off during the
decarbonizing or converting processes, either alone or mixed with other
gases or fuel, to the purpose of smelting ore, or remelting or heating
iron or steel in a stack in connection with the crucible, or for carrying
on the decarbonizing or converting processes in the same furnace at the
same time, and in part without fuel, except such as is contained in the
metal. The crucible for converting or decarbonizing the molten iron I
make stationary, case it with cast or wrought iron or other suitable
material, and line it with strong fire resisting material, such as fire-clay
organister. The form inside is egg-shaped with a dished bottom,
having an opening therein, with a branch proceeding therefrom, some-
what similar to the spout of a kettle, and lined with the same fire
resisting material as the crucible. This branch or trunk may rise to any
suitable height, so that the molten iron may stand at the same level in
it as in the crucible. The object of the branch is to obviate the necessity
of mounting the crucibles on axles or centres, so that the molten iron
may be poured into or tapped from the crucible when the blast is turned
off. In the upper part of the branch above the level at which the iron
stands a suitable blast is introduced and forced down through the
junction into the bottom of the crucible, through and amongst the mass
of molten iron until the decarbonizing process is completed. For

page_text: pouring the molten iron into the crucible before it is decarbonized I
provide an apperture in the upper part of the crucible or branch, which
can be opened or closed at pleasure. I provide a spout or channel at the
bottom of the crucible through which the metal may be tapped as in a
cupola when the process of decarbonization is complete. During the
process a great quantity of heat is generated by the union of the oxygen
of the blast with the carbon contained in the iron. For the purpose of
utilizing this heat I provide a lateral opening in the upper part of the
crucible with a flue or channel which leads to the bottom of a stack
containing ore to be smelted, or iron, steel, or other metal to be remelted
or to be reheated. The heat given off during the process of décarbonization
is thus forced upon and through the material to be heated, smelted, or
remelted, as is the case in the furnace described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me, and dated March 6th, 1868, No. 775. The molten
metal is accumulated and withdrawn as is therein described. For ascer-
taining the progress of decarbonizing I provide an opening in the upper
part of the crucible or flue, so that the nature of the flame may be
ascertained.
For the purpose of generating additional heat for producing a further
supply of molten iron in the receptacle of the furnace when the
decarbonizing process is completed, I attach a separate fire-place to the
stack, as described in the before-mentioned Specification, so that any
further quantity of molten iron may be produced, or I force a granulated
or pulverised fuel with the blast into the crucible or flue when the
contents are in an incandescent state, for the purpose of producing
additional heat, which is applied to the materials to be smelted or
remelted, as before described.
The accompanying Drawing is intended to illustrate the general form
лап,
Fig.
sectional elevation.
The following
reference applies to both Figs. where the index letters appear.
a is the stack containing the ore to be smelted or the metal to be
remelted; b is the crucible containing the molten metal to be decarbonized
by the injection of a blast or vapour under pressure forced through the

page_text: pipe and branch c, d; e is an enlargement of the pipe or branch, closed
with a flange, so that it can be opened when required for obtaining
access to the interior for cleansing or repairing it; f, a well or receptacle
into which the metal runs as it is melted in the cupola or stack a; g, an
outside channel along which the molten metal runs from the well f into
the crucible b; h, a tapping hole at the bottom of the crucible through
which the decarbonized metal therein is drawn off; i, an opening closed
with a cover, through which the flame can be examined for ascertaining
the progress of the decarbonization of the metal; is the fire-place in
which the fuel is consumed; j, the hopper for containing the fuel; k, a
slide for regulating the supply of fuel; 1, 1, 1, pipes and ducts through
which the blast is driven into the fuel; ", a pipe through which air is
driven to the under side of the hopper and slide to keep the latter cool,
and depress the flame while supplying fresh fuel; m, apertures in the
bridge for the admission of air to complete the combustion of the
partially consumed gases; n, a second well for the molten metal; o is a
tapping hole for drawing off the latter.
When the circumstances of the premises require it the additional fire-
place last described may be placed as shewn at A or B, instead of in line
with the crucible, and in place of having a second well the whole of the
molten metal may run into the first well. Where channels are not
formed the metal may be conveyed from the well or wells to the
crucible by means of ladles.
Without restricting myself to the precise dimensions and arrangements
of the parts shewn upon the Drawing, I claim,-
First. The utilization of the heat given off during the decarbonizing
process in the crucibles for smelting ore or remelting metal placed in a
separate stack and run into a separate receptacle, as shewn and described.
Secondly. The application of a separate fire-place or fire-places attached
to or in connection with the same furnace for supplementing the heat
given off as above mentioned, to maintain the necessary supply of molten
metal.
Thirdly. The formation of crucibles with a lateral branch in which the
molten metal rises to the same height as in the crucibles, and driving in
the blast or vapour for effecting the decarbonizing process from above

page_text: the surface through the said branch into and amongst the mass of
molten metal in the crucibles through the bottom of the latter.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Martin Stanley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
JOHN MARTIN STANLEY. (L.s.)