Improved Means and Apparatus for Warming or Cooling the Compartments of Railway Carriages and Close Vehicles generally.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Aug., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 30th June, 1893-Accepted, 30th Aug., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means and Apparatus for Warming or Cooling the
Compartments of Railway Carriages and Close Vehicles
generally.
We FREDERICK WILLIAM CANNON of 86 London Street, Greenwich, Kent
Engineer and JOSEPH LESLIE SMITH of 37 West Bank, Stamford Hill,
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for object the warming or cooling of railway carriages or
their compartments, omnibuses, clarence cabs, broughams and other close vehicles
by the admission of air under pressure from a pump or pumps operated by the
rotation of the vehicles wheel or axle there being means provided by which the
degree of temperature can be determined by an attendant and the surplus allowed
to escape.
The invention will be understood by the following.
From a crank or an eccentric a piston or plunger is drawn to and fro in a barrel
or cylinder which piston rod is hollow and the passage is in communication with
the outer air and with a self acting valve which opens and closes from the motion
of the piston. Air drawn in can be forced through the valve into a reservoir
provided with a check valve which when released by pressure permits the air to
pass into a receiver,. this having an outer jacket and the intermediate space
charged with some heating or cooling liquid or a substance the outer jacket being
lined or coated to prevent radiation or escape of coldness from the walls of the
receiver.
Pipes are or may be arranged in connection with the receiver or from a main
pipe provided with a double face valve which can be forced open by the internal
pressure.
The head of the double valve is in touch with a barometer balance, and as this is
capable of being sett to any degree of temperature by the movement of an index
finger the reduction or excess of internal pressure will cause the balance to operate
and. open or check the passage, or the balance will act upon the valve and so
regulate the passage and the quantity of air issue, which commingling with the air
of the compartment will reduce or raise the temperature to that of the sett
barometrical finger.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for F. W. Cannon and J. L. Smith.
Dated on August 1o04.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for F. W. Cannon and J. L. Smith.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improved Means and Apparatus for Warming or Cooling the
Compartments of Railway Carriages and Close Vehicles
generally.
We,
FREDERICK WILLIAM CANNON, of 86, London Street, Greenwich, Kent,
Engineer, and JOSEPH LESLIE SMITH, of 37, West Bank, Stamford Hill, in the
County of, Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for object to warm or cool railway carriage compartments,.

page_text: omnibuses, clarence cabs, broughams and other close vehicles by the use of com-
pressed air, the air being advantageously compressed by a pump or pumps operated
from the axles or wheels of the said carriages or the like. The warming is effected
hy the heat due to the compression of the air, means being provided by which the
temperature of the compartment can be varied. The compartment may be cooled
by allowing the compressed air to escape and expand therein.
In carrying out the invention, we advantageously employ a pump, the piston rod
of which is hollow and in communication with the atmosphere so that the air is
drawn therethrough before being compressed. The pump is advantageously driven
from the axle or wheel of the vehicle by means of an eccentric. The pump is
provided with the usual inlet and outlet valves, the air drawn in being forced
through the outlet valve into a reservoir provided with a check valve, which
permits the air to pass into a receiver. This receiver may have a jacket, the space
between which and the pump cylinder is charged with a liquid, or substance to
radiate the heat uniformly. A pipe is arranged in connection with the receiver,
provided with a valve, which can be forced open by the air pressure, the head of
the valve being pressed upon by a suitable spring capable of being adjusted so as
to allow the air to escape at any required pressure into the atmosphere so that the
pressure in the receiver can be varied and consequently the heat given off thereby
into the compartment.
:-
To enable our invention to be fully understood we will describe how it can be
carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which :-
Figure 1 represents an arrangement of apparatus for warming or cooling vehicles
according to our invention, and,
Figure 2 is a section on the line 2-2, Figure 1.
a indicates the pump for compressing the air, the said pump being double acting
and driven from the rotating axle b by an eccentric c and rod d. When applying
our invention to vehicles with fixed axles the eccentric may be fixed to one of the
wheels thereof.
e indicates the piston or plunger of the pump which piston is advantageously
formed hollow, the air being drawn into it through holes f, and passing through
the inlet valves, one of which is indicated at g. h indicates one of the outlet valves.
i is the reservoir into which the pump discharges aud j is a safety valve thereon.
k is the receiver connected to the reservoir by the pipe having the check
valve m, the said receiver being arranged within the compartment to be warmed.
n is the jacket around the receiver and having pipes o, o for the entrance and exit
of the liquid or the like which allows the heat to be slowly and uniformly radiated
from the receiver.
is the pipe connected with the receiver and the valve therein, which valve is
adapted to be opened by the pressure of the air in the pipe p.
is the spring which bears against the valve 7 which spring may as shewn in the
drawing be a flexible box or chamber filled with compressed air; or any other
suitable form of spring may be used.
s.is a screw working through a nut t so as to press upon the spring r, the said
screw having an index finger u connected thereto designed to work over a dial v.
By rotating the screws the pressure of the spring upon the valve y can be varied
so as to allow the air to escape from the pipe p into the atmosphere at various
pressures and so alter the pressure in the receiver and consequently the heat given
off thereby into the compartment. Thus the temperature of the compartment can
be raised or lowered as required.
The temperature of the compartment can also be lowered by opening a cock
(not shewn) in the pipe.p and allowing the compressed air to expand into the said
compartment.
Although we have described our apparatus as adapted to warm or cool com-
partments in vehicles it will be obvious that it can be used for warming or cooling
apartments in buildings, vessels, workshops, and the like, suitable motive power
being employed for operating the pump.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. Apparatus for warming or cooling the compartments of railway carriages and
other vebicles comprising an air compressing pump operated from one of the axles
or wheels, an air receiver situated within the compartment to be warmed and a
spring valve the pressure upon which can be regulated for the purpose set forth, all
substantially as described.
2. The improved apparatus for warming or cooling railway carriages and other
vehicles hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated the 30th day of June 1893.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
.4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.