AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM PUMP
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Hawthorn and William Hawthorn, both of
the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineers, for the Inven-
tion of "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM PUMP."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Hawthorn and
William Hawthorn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th February 1856.
I, ROBERT HAWTHORN, and I, WILLIAM HAWTHORN, both of the Town and
County of Newcastle upon Tyne, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM PUMP, to be
as follows:
Figure 1 represents a front elevation of a steam pump arranged according
to our Invention; and Fig. 2, a side view of the same, partly in section. a is
a vacuum vessel cast on or fixed to one side of the pump c; and b, an air
vessel cast on or fixed to the other or opposite side. The suction valve dis
placed at the bottom of the working barrel of the pump, so as to admit of the
vacuum vessel a being brought close to it. The delivery valve is placed near
the bottom of the air vessel b, which is also close to the working barrel of the
pump, thus rendering the action of the vacuum and air vessels more efficient.
as the water has the least possible distance to travel before it is relieved by
them of the concussion caused by the descent of the pump ram, whereby the
thumping noise, and strain upon the suction and delivery pipes is avoided;
doors are placed in front of the suction and delivery valves to make them easy
of access.
The vacuum and air vessels are made in the form of pillars, connected at the
top by an entablature f, to which an inverted steam cylinder g is bolted.

page_text: directly over the pump c, or the cylinder may be fixed to the pillars formed
by the air and vacuum vessels, which have also brackets h cast upon them for
carrying the frames i, i, sustaining the pedestals or plummer blocks for the
crank axle k. The piston is bolted to or cast in one piece with a bar or tube
1 of any form, which acts as both piston rod and pump ram; it reduces the
effective area of the piston acted upon by the steam on the up stroke, when
the single acting pump offers no further resistance than that caused by friction,
& the partial vacuum due to the height the water has to rise by suction.
The weight of the piston and pump ram assists the pressure of steam on the
down stroke, and in conjunction with the fly wheel m renders the action of
the pump more equal than when the surplus pressure of steam on the up stroke
(where the ordinary piston rod is used) is transmitted through the fly wheel
alone. The piston rod contains a vertical opening n, through the centre of which
the crank axle passes; the crank p works by the side of the piston rod or pump
ram, & the top end of the connecting rod o is connected to the latter by a pin,
having a hoop forged upon one end of it which encircles the rod, and may be
secured upon it at any required position by a set screw or cotter, or the pin
may pass through the piston rod and be fixed by a nut or cotter on the
opposite side. The eccentric r may either be made separate, or formed on
the boss of the fly wheel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Hawthorn and William Hawthorn in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23d August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
HAWTHORN and WILLIAM HAWTHORN, both of the Town and County of
Newcastle upon Tyne, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her.reign;
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the 'said
Robert Hawthorn and William Hawthorn, Her special licence that we, the
said Robert Hawthorn and William Hawthorn, our executors, administrators;
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert Hawthorn and William
Hawthorn, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agrée
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during 'the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and

page_text: vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF
STEAM PUMP," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Robert
Hawthorn and William Hawthorn. our executors or administrators by an
instrument in writing under our or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Hawthorn, on behalf of myself
& the said Robert Hawthorn, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being
had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
Our Invention of an improved arrangement of steam pump relates to the
arrangement of the vacuum and air vessels of pumps for raising and throwing
water or other liquids, in connection with the several valves and working gear
of the pump; also in the size and arrangement of the piston rod of the steam
cylinder in connection with the pump plunger, together with the general
arrangement and disposition of the crank shaft with its bearings and connecting
rod.
Figure 1 of the annexed Sheet of Drawings represents a front elevation of a
steam pump arranged according to our Invention; and Fig. 2, a side view of
the same, partly in section. a is a vacuum vessel cast on or fixed to one sidė
of the pump c; and b, an air vessel cast on, or fixed or jointed to the
other or opposite side. The suction valve d is placed at the bottom of
the working barrel of the pump, so as to admit of the vacuum véssel a, being
brought close to it. The delivery valve is placed near the bottom of the
air vessel b, which is also close to the working barrel of the pump,. thus
rendering the action of the vacuum and air vessels more efficient, as the water
has the least possible distance to travel before it is relieved by them of the
concussion caused by the descent of the pump rain, whereby the thumping
noise and strain upon the suction and delivery pipes is avoided.
Doors
are placed in front of the suction and delivery valves to make them easy
of access. .
The vacuum and air vessels are made in the form of pillars, connected at the
top by an entablature f, to which an inverted steam cylinder 9 is bolted directly
over the pump c, or the cylinder may be fixed to the pillars formed by the air

page_text: and vacuum vessels, which have also brackets h cast upon them for carrying
the frames i, i, sustaining the pedestals or plummer blocks for the crank
axle k. The piston is bolted to or cast in one piece with a large bar or tube 7
of any form which acts as both piston rod and pump ram; it reduces the
effective area of the piston acted upon by the steam on the up stroke, when
the single acting pump offers no further resistance than that caused by friction,
and the partial vacuum due to the height the water has to rise by suction.
The weight of the piston and pump ram assists the pressure of steam on tho
down stroke, and in conjunction with the fly wheel m, renders the action of
the pump more equal than when the surplus pressure of steam on the up
stroke (where the ordinary piston rod is used) is transmitted through the fly
wheel alone. The piston rod contains a vertical opening n, through the centre
of which the crank axle passes; the crank p works by the side of the piston
rod or pump ram, and the top end of the connecting rod o is connected to the
latter by a pin, having a hoop forged upon one end of it which encircles the
rod, and may be secured upon it at any repuired position by a set screw or
cotter, or the pin may pass through the piston rod and be fixed by a nut or
cotter on the opposite side. The eccentric r may either be made separate, or
formed on the boss of the fly wheel.
.
Having described the nature of our Invention, we desire it to be understood
we are aware that the plungers or pistons of steam pumps have heretofore
been placed in direct and rigid connection with the piston rod of the steam
cylinder, but that what we claim as novel, and desire to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the arrangement of the vacuum
and air vessels of pumps for raising and throwing water or other liquids in
connection with the several valves and working gear of the pump, also in the
size and arrangement of the piston rod of the steam cylinder in connection
with the pump plunger, together with the general arrangement and disposition
of the crank shaft with its bearings and connecting rod.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hawthorn, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
WILLIAM HAWTHORN. (L.S.)
(L.S.)