Year: 1886

page_text: www
WAS
I JOSEPH EDWIN HOLLOWAY of The Woodlands, Woodside, Wimbledon in the
County of Surrey, Outfitter do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The object of my invention is to propel boats through the water with greater
ease and facility than heretofore and at the same time to diminish the risk or
danger now attending the usual manner of rowing a boat by the upsetting of.
same, which is often occasioned by inexperienced oarsmen. By my invention this
risk is reduced to a minimum.
According to my invention I employ a lever arm on each side of the boat this
having a long and short arm, the long arm being within the boat, and the short arm
outside; the fulcrum of this lever which might be a ball and socket joint is at or
at about the gunwale, by this means I have a lever whereby the power can be
exerted with the greatest ease and advantage because the long arm is in board and
the short arm overboard, and this is the exact reverse of the ordinary recognised
way of rowing with an oar. I utilize this lever to convert reciprocating into
rotary motion and this I accomplish by connecting the short arm to a crank on
a shaft to which a paddle wheel is keyed. The wheel which I prefer to use is
constructed according to the specification of my patent dated 16th August 1884
No. 11,352, but wheels of other construction might be used.
In applying my invention any convenient number of the levers and paddles may
be used on each side according to the size of the boat and whether the levers are
arranged for double or for single bank, and the person or persons occupying the
seats in the boat would face the direction in which the boat is being propelled;
this alone is a great advantage. When propelled by a screw instead of paddles
the motion may be transmitted to the screw shaft through bevel gearing or strap
from the crank shafts or in any other convenient manner or the crank may be
fitted to a separate or secondary shaft with gearing up to the main shaft. When
the rudder is circular it is carried in frame so that when the boat is on land
the rudder supports the hind part and the side wheels, the fore and central, by
which means the boat can be propelled and steered on land as well as on water.

page_text: for Rowing or Propelling Boats and Canoes.
I, JOSEPH EDWIN HOLLOWAY, of The Woodlands, Woodside, Wimbledon, in the
County of Surrey, Outfitter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to propel boats through the water with greater
ease and facility than heretofore, and at the same time to diminish the risk or
danger now attending the usual manner of rowing a boat by the upsetting of
same, which is often occasioned by inexperienced oarsmen. By my invention this
risk is reduced to a minimum.
According to my invention I employ a lever arm on each side of the boat, this
having a long and short arm, the long arm being within the boat and the short arm
outside. The fulcrum of this lever, which might be a ball and socket joint, is at,
or at about, the gunwale; by this means I have a lever whereby the power can
be exerted with the greatest ease and advantage, because the long arm is in board
and the short arm overboard, and this is the exact reverse of the ordinary recognized
way of rowing with an oar.
I utilize this lever to convert reciprocating into rotary motion, and this
I accomplish by connecting the short arm to a crank on a shaft to which a paddle
wheel is keyed. The wheel which I prefer to use is constructed according to the
specification of my patent dated 16th August 1884 No. 11352, but wheels of other
construction might be used.
In applying my invention any convenient number of the levers and paddles may
be used on each side according to the size of the boat, and whether the levers
are arranged for double or for single bank; and the person or persons occupying
the seats in the boat would face the direction in which the boat is being pro-
pelled this alone is a great advantage. When propelled by a screw instead of
paddles the motion may be transmitted to the screw shaft through bevil gearing,
or strap from the crank shafts or in any other convenient manner, or the crank
may be fitted to a separate or secondary shaft with gearing up to the main shaft.
When the rudder, is circular it is carried in a frame so that when the boat is
on land the rudder' supports the hind part, and the side wheels the fore and
central, by which means the boat can be propelled and steered on land as well
as on water.
And in order that my invention may be fully understood I will further describe
it with especial reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a plan of an arrangement of the mechanism constructed according
to my invention, and shewing the same fitted to a boat, which is indicated in
outline. Figure 2 is a half transverse section shewing the paddle wheel and
cranked shaft. Figure 3 is a half transverse section shewing the lever arrange-
ment for operating the paddle wheel or propeller shaft. Figure 4 is a detached
side elevation of the form and construction of paddle wheel which I prefer to

page_text: employ. Figure 5 is a diagram plan view shewing an application of gearing for
driving a screw propeller by the lever arrangement, according to my invention.
Figure 6 is a diagrain plan shewing the application of two pairs of coupled levers
for two oarsmen.
The mechanism consists of two lever arms A, one on each side of the boat
occupying a somewhat similar position, and being operated in the same manner as .
ordinary oars or sculls.
The levers A are each provided with a bearing or pivot A¹ of universal joint
type, that shewn in the drawings consisting of a spherical enlargement on each
lever A encased by a bearing box secured to the side of the boat so as to allow the
levers A a sufficient motion in any necessary direction or crutches or clutches may be
used. The outer or short arm A of the lever A. is connected by a forked connecting
rod B (this being made adjustable on the end of the lever A) to a. cranked axle C
carried by two bearings supported by a bracket D to the boat. This cranked axle
is shewn divided in Figures 1 and 2 for convenience of passing to the stern part
of boat.
The bearings I prefer to employ for the cranked shaft are of any well known
ball or anti friction type, the side way movement of cranked axle is prevented by
collars. The connecting rod head where it is fitted to the cranked axle C at E is
also provided with bearings of ball type which are made so as to allow of the
slight Interal motion given to the connecting rod by the movement of the shorter
arm of the oar or lever A. The outer end of each crank shaft supports a paddle
wheel of special construction and consisting of a hub in two separate parts F F1
(held together by four distance bolts) loosely fitted to the cranked shaft C, the
spokes from these separate hubs connect to two separate parallel tubular rims G
on which the boat may travel on land when the wheels are arranged as at
Figure 1.
These rims G are held together by distance or spacing bolts H, four of which
are shewn in the drawings. Between the two half hubs there is fixed to the axle
a wheel J. From lugs on this wheel J driving spokes K. pass to the outer tubular
rims G, two from each lug, one spoke K passing to one rim, and the other spoke to
the opposite rim, there are therefore three pairs of these spokes K in each direction,
the rims being carried round by these spokes from the rim of the middle wheel J
which is fixed on to the axle.
The spokes are arranged in opposite directions as before stated so that when the
paddle wheel is driven in either direction three pairs of the spokes will always be
in tension and all strain is taken off the other spokes. G₁ are the floats or paddles
carried by the spokes which proceed from the two half hubs to the two tubular
rims G.
The rower looks ahead while rowing, and by rowing with the levers A, the
reciprocating motion of the connecting rods B is converted into rotary motion by
the cranks C. The cranked shaft C by the driving spokes K, and as described in
the specification of my patent dated 16th August 1884 No. 11352, communicating
motion to the paddle wheels. The crank assumes the position shewn in Figure 4
by force of gravity, the three lower floats for example, shewn in dark lines being
made of greater weight than the others for this purpose.
Or, instead of the paddle wheels on each side of the boat, I may employ a single
wheel at the stern, which may be driven from a secondary shaft by chain or other
gearing operated by the lever arrangement as before described. In some cases,
instead of using levers of the first order as shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, I may
adopt the second order of levers as in the diagram figure 5, the fulcrum of the
levers A being at A¹ on the side of the boat, the connecting rods B pivotting on
to the levers at B¹, and acting on the cranked shaft C inside the boat. By this
arrangement the levers and other mechanism are kept inside the boat which in
some cases may be of special advantage.
When a screw propeller is employed instead of paddle wheels it may be con-
veniently driven by my lever arrangement as at Figure 5 by bevil wheel L on

page_text: cranked shaft C operating bevil pinion M on horizontal propeller shaft N. The
proportionate speed between shafts C, and N may be regulated as circumstances
require. O is a fly wheel on shaft C or it may be on N also as shown. Two,
three, or more pairs of levers A may be employed and may either be linked or
connected together, for example, by rods B³ as at Figure 6 at their short ends, or
may drive separate propelling apparatus.
The stern wheel or the screw may be used separately or in combination with
the side paddle wheels before described as found most convenient, and according to
circumstances.
Boats or canoes fitted with propellers according to my invention may be steered
by rudder in the ordinary way or worked by the feet of the person or persons
working the apparatus, and the stretcher may be connected by a rod to a crank or
cranks on the shaft C to aid in starting when required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what,
I claim is:
First. In rowing or propelling boats and canoes, rotating the paddle wheels or
propellers by levers, to which a rowing or reciprocating motion is given by the
operator or oarsman, and which communicate (by means of connecting rods and
cranks) the rotary motion. to such paddle wheels or propellers, with or without the
intervention of gearing, all substantially as herein set forth.
Second. In rowing or propelling boats, the levers A having universal joints A',
and connected by rods to crank shaft or shafts C by which rotary motion is com-
municated to paddle wheels or propeller substantially as described with reference
to the accompany drawings.
Third. The particular construction and arrangement of the paddle wheels as and
for the purposes herein before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 4 of the
accompanying drawings.
Fourth. The particular construction and arrangement of parts forming my
improved method and apparatus for rowing or propelling boats and canoes,
together with any mere modification thereof; substantially as set forth.
1
1
П
1
1000
Dated this A
Witness,
day of October 1888.
J. E. HOLLOWAY.
E. G. BREWER, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
33, Chancery Lane, London.