IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAIN SEPARATORS AND SCOURERS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Patent Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAIN SEPARATORS AND
SCOURERS." A communication from abroad by "The Barnard and Leas Manu-
facturing Company," of Moline, Rock Island County, State of Illinois, United
States of America.
Sealed the 21st December 1876, and dated the 6th November 1876.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1876.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
"The
GRAIN SEPARATORS AND SCOURERS." A communication from abroad by
Barnard and Leas Manufacturing Company," of Moline, Rock Island County, State
of Illinois, United States of America.
:
The nature of this Invention consists in the construction and arrangement of
machines for more thoroughly cleaning wheat and separating the same from all
dust, light chaff, straws, etc., as will be herein-after more fully set forth.
In the annexed Drawing, forming part of this Specification, Figure 1 is an end
elevation; Figure 2, a side elevation; and Figure 3, a longitudinal vertical section
of one form of machine.
Figures 4 and 5 are vertical sections of another form of such machine.
Figures 6 and 7 show still other forms of scouring machines.
A represents a frame, at or near the top of which is arranged an exhaust suction
fan B, enclosed in the fan case C. This fan may be driven by any moving power
through a belt passing over the pulley D on the fan shaft or otherwise. Adjoining
the fan case C there is a chamber E, which communicates with the fan chamber by
an opening a (Figure 3) around the eye of the fan case, and which chamber E
has also an opening b at its lower end through which the blast is drawn that
performs one part of the separation, as will be herein-after explained. From the
top of the enclosed chamber E a pipe or trunk F extends in a downwardly curving
direction and terminates in a bowl or conical end c, through which the grain that
is fed into the machine at the spout d passes on to the shaking sieves G. This

page_text: bowl or funnel c, as more distinctly seen in Figure 3, is so united to the end of the
pipe F as to leave air space between the two, as shown at e, for the supply of air
that makes the first separation at that point in addition to the current drawn up
through the opening in the bottom of the funnel. And for the purpose of facili-
tating the "spouting" or feeding in of the grain the section F of the pipe F, to
which the spout d is attached, is made adjustable so that that section may be turned
around towards the grain to be fed in. This first separation, before the wheat enters
the oat and stick extractor, removes all dust, light chaff, straws, etc., which would
otherwise choke the sieves and prevent the oats and sticks from being shifted out,
and it further prevents any dust from escaping into the mill or apartment where
the machine is used. The wheat or other material thus partially separated falls
upon the sieve G, which has a light rapid motion given to it and to the shoe or
frame H in which it is placed or hung as follows:-A belt I passing around a
pulley on the fan shaft also passes around a pulley J on a shaft K, and on this
shaft there is an eccentric that works against the shoe or sieve frame H, forcing
it in one direction while a coiled spring g returns it in an opposite direction, and the
spring also keeps the frame or shoe H constantly in contact with the cam, so
that however fast the cam shaft may be run there is no sudden blow or jar given
to the sieves which would, if allowed, prevent a thorough separation, as the material
would be jumped over and upon the sieves. A shake motion has heretofore been
given by a cam enclosed in a box or yoke, but when thus enclosed it collects dirt
and grit and makes much friction and consequent wearing of parts. The open cam
and coiled spring avoids both dirt and friction. The shoe H for easy and rapid
vibration is set upon spring, or yielding legs, or supports L. The oats, sticks, etc.,
being separated from the grain or other material still remaining with the wheat,
passes off from the end of the sieve G whilst the smaller material passing through
the sieve G drops upon a second sieve or screen M. When the shrunk wheat, chess,
cockle, smut balls, small light oats and screenings passing through said screen M
runs off or out at i whilst the wheat is conducted (as shown in Figure 2) into the
trunk E, up through which, as heretofore stated a strong exhaust suction blast is
drawn sufficient to separate everything lighter than the wheat from it and carry
it up and out through the fan case, the wheat dropping out at b. The material
separated at the feeding-in point is drawn by the same exhaust blast up through
the pipe F and out at the fan case opening j, whence it may be carried out of the
mill. Thus by one fan there are two separations which materially improves the
process of cleaning the wheat.
In the air chamber E, and at the point m, Figure 2, there is an eddy or calm
where the separated impurities or light grains may fall and accumulate, and whence
they may be taken or may pass through a hinged door or valve and into a spout n,
and thence to any convenient deposit.
In Figures 4 and 5 is shown the screenings chamber E with its valve n on one
side of the fan case C, while on the other side is a second or auxiliary screenings
chamber E¹ which communicates with a wide air trunk N' through a passage 0¹, the
chamber E communicating through a passage O with its air trunk N, as shown. On
the rear side of the air trunk N¹ is formed the hopper P of the same width as the
air trunk, and communicating therewith at the lower end. The hopper P is pro-
vided with a perpendicular slide R operated by racks p and pinions t on a shaft 8,
whereby the feed can be regulated so as to admit the grain in any desired quantity
and always in a wide thin sheet. The slide R is held at any point desired by
compressing the sides of the hopper by a rod v and thumb nut thereon.
Underneath the slide L is a rotating shaft S, over which the grain passes into
the air trunk N¹. This shaft by its rotation feeds and spreads the grain so that it
enters the air trunk in a thin wide sheet, giving the air better chance to act on the
grain and separate all impurities therefrom. The screenings are carried up through
the air trunk N¹ and the passage 0¹ into the chamber E¹, where they settle and
are finally expelled through the valve n', while the lighter particles are carried out
through the fan.

page_text: In Figure 6 is shown a combined smutter and separator constructed as follows:-
B represents the scouring case, and C the outer case or jacket, which is extended
upward as high as may be desired from the top plate D2 of the scouring case to
form a chamber A². The scouring case B2 may be made of any desired material,
and in such a manner that an opening T will be formed around it and through it,
at or near the bottom, for the admission of screenings and the discharge of air; R2
is a ring or section of the scouring case B resting on the bottom plate P², and may
be perpendicular or slightly larger at the top if desired; S2 is the next ring or
section of the case B, and is fitted into the top of the section R². It inclines
upward and outward a sufficient distance to receive and support the outer case C³.
At the inner and lower edge it is provided with projections a, a, at intervals. The
number of these projections is determined by the diameter of the case B and they
serve to support all the upper part of the case B² above them.
The case B2 above the projections a¹, a', may be made all in one part or in
several parts, as may be desired; U represents the space between the case C², and
that part of the case B2 above the flaring ring S2; and this space communicates
with the interior of the scouring case by means of the opening T2 formed between
the main part of the case and the ring St. The space U2 forms a passage for the
air and dust to pass outward to the chamber A².
The case B3 is provided with openings E², E², near its top, extending entirely
around it, connecting the air passage or space U2 with the said chamber A2 for the
air and dust to enter said chamber; F2 represents the separating trunk, which is
connected by an opening G² with the chamber A2, allowing the air and screenings
to enter the chamber; Y2 represents a hinged valve to regulate the current of air
ascending the trunk F²
H2 is the upright shaft, which extends from the top to the bottom of the machine,
and has a scraper I fastened to it, and revolves with it. The scraper 12 is placed
in the chamber A2 immediately above the top plate D2 of the scouring case, and
which forms the bottom or floor of the chamber A²; J2 is an opening, through
which the screenings are discharged from the chamber A² into the outer screen
box R2, by the revolutions of the scraper 12; L represents the fan which is fastened
to the shaft H, revolves with it, and is located just above the chamber A2; M² is a
round opening in the top plate 02 of the chamber A2 and bottom of the fan drum Vº
for the passage of the air from said chamber to the fan; the fan drum V2 rests on
said top plate 02; N2 is a semicircular partition or shield fitted into the opening M²,
and extending downward nearly to the scraper I2, and is used as a shield to prevent
the screenings entering the chamber A2 at the opening G², from being drawn up
into the fan through said opening M2; Q2 is an opening in the centre of the bottom
plate P for the admission of air;W2 is the pulley by which motion is imparted to
the shaft H2 by the use of a belt; X2 is a spout, through which the wheat passes
from the screening case B2 to the separating trunk F2. g¹ represents the beaters,
which are attached to and revolve with the shaft H. These beaters extend down
into the bottom scouring section for operating upon the grain.
This machine is operated as follows:-Motion being imparted to the shaft H2 the
fan L causes a current of air to ascend the separating trunk F2 and pass into the
chamber A at the opening G2; another current enters the machine at the opening Q²,
and dividing, part passes through the opening T2, and part through the openings in
the ventilating scouring case B2, and uniting again in the passage U pass up it
through the openings E, E, into the chamber A, uniting with the current coming
from the trunk F, and both passing up through the opening M² into the fan
drum V2, are forced by the fan L2 out of the machine. The wheat which enters
through a spout in the side of the machine passes down through the scouring
case B, where it is thoroughly scoured, the dust and scourings being expelled
through the openings in the case B², and drawn by the ascending current of air up
through the chamber A2 into the fan. The fine screenings, which may be driven
through the ventilating openings in the scouring case into the space U³, and are too

page_text: heavy to be drawn up into the chamber A2, drop down on the ring S2, slide through
the opening T2 back again into the interior of the scouring case B2 among the
wheat. These screenings being thus returned to or among the wheat will pass with
it through the spout X2 into the separating trunk F, where they will be separated
from the wheat, and carried by the ascending current up the trunk F, and through
the opening G³ into the chamber A², and thus saved with the other screenings. The
screenings strike the shield N2 and drop on the floor D2, when they are expelled by
the revolving scraper 12 out into the screen box K2, while all the dust is drawn up
into the fan drum V2 and blown out of doors.
In Figure 7 A³ represents the frame of the machine, in which is fastened the
outer case or jacket C2 extended upward above the scouring case B2 to form the
chamber E, and on the top thereof is the fan drum V². Within the drum V2 is
the fan L, and within the chamber E2 is the scraper 12, both attached to the
vertical shaft H2. F is the separating trunk and P2 the bottom plate of the
machine, all the same as in Figure 6.
Under the bottom of the chamber E² is secured a dish-shaped stationary circular
scouring plate Js having an open centre, and having its lower side fluted or ribbed
for scouring purposes and the upper side smooth to act as a spout to spout the
grain to the inner side of the brush K³ underneath, thus serving the double purpose
of a spout and a scouring plate. Around the outside edge of the scouring plate J³
is a downwardly projecting rim or flange a² for the grain to strike against and
prevent the wearing out of the upright ventilated scouring case B². The revolving
brush K³ is secured to the shaft H2 by means of a spider L³, and is inclined or
concave to correspond with the shape of the scouring plate J. Below this brush
and secured to the scouring case is a stationary brush K pointing downward, and
below the same is another revolving brush K5, also secured by means of a spider L³
to the central shaft H. In the centres of the brushes are openings 62 for ventilation,
and through the same passes a central pipe or projection M³, to prevent the grain
from passing into said opening, which would cause it to go down through the
machine without being scoured.
The upwardly inclined face of the top brush K³ prevents the grain from passing
out over its face too quickly, in consequence of its velocity, thus holding the grain
between the face of the brush and the lower side of the scouring plate J³ long
enough to be properly scoured. After the grain has passed from over the upper
brush Ks it is passed between the stationary brush K* and revolving brush K5 and
scoured.
The spiders Ls which connect the revolving brushes to the central shaft are
constructed with their arms d² part way out from the centre, set at an angle so as
to draw air up through it, and the remaining part of the way out the spaces
between the arms are closed to protect the under side of the brush from the action
of the wheat. On the under side of each spider Ls are projections h³ arranged
radially for the double purpose of beaters and fan wings. The lower end of the
vertical shaft H³ rests in a step on a bridge tree Ps adjusted by set screws R³, as
shown.
Having thus fully described the Invention, what is claimed as new and desired to
be secured by Letters Patent is,―
1st. The arranging a suction fan B between the air trunk F and the screen and
shaking shoe, and in relation to the inlet and exit passages thereof, so that two
separations of the grain from its impurities shall take place, whilst the grain has
one continuous path through the machine, substantially as herein described and
represented.
2nd. The combination of an open cam or eccentric and a coiled spring for giving
a light but rapid shake motion to the sieves, substantially as herein set forth.
3rd. Making the pipe or trunk that carries the feeding spout d adjustable, so
that it may be turned in either direction to facilitate the "spouting" or feeding in 5
of the grain to be cleaned and separated, substantially as described.

page_text: 4th. The combination with the shoe containing the screens of the fan B, the two
screenings chambers E, E', and the vertical air trunks N, N¹, connected by passages
with the screenings chambers, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
5th. The combination of the hopper P, vertical slide R, and rotating shaft S,
substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
6th. The scouring ring R2 constructed to form the lower part of the scouring
case B2, in combination with bottom plate P² and ring S², all arranged substantially
as set forth.
7th. The combination of the scouring case B2, outer case C³, flaring ring S²,
opening T, scouring ring R2, and beaters g¹, all constructed and arranged to operate
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
8th. The trunk F, valve Y, opening G2, and chamber A2, arranged in relation to
the space U2 and scraper I², substantially as and for the purpose specified.
9th. The shield N2 of semicircular form fitted in the opening M2 and extending
downward nearly to the scraper I in the chamber A2, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
10th. The combination with the chamber or screen box A2 and its interior
revolving scraper 12 of the separating trunk F2, discharge box K², and fan L²,
substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
11th. The stationary dish-shaped scouring plate J³ provided with ribs on its
under side which radiate from its central opening to the periphery, in combination
with the revolving brush K³ arranged with respect to the inclined face of the
scouring plate, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
12th. The central pipe or projection M³ in combination with the opening 62 of
the revolving brush, for the purposes herein set forth.
13th. The combination of the stationary brush K, arranged with its bristles
projecting downward, and the revolving brush K³ arranged with its bristles project-
ing upward, so that the brushes will operate against each other, for the purposes set
forth.
14th. The combination with the upright shaft and revolving brush of a grain
scouring machine of the spider L³, constructed as described, with the inner ends of
its arms set at an angle and the spaces between the outer ends filled, substantially
as and for the purposes herein set forth.
15th. The projections 2 formed on the under side of the spider L³, for the
purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
T HANDANT