Improvements in Churns used in the Manufacture of Butter.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Apr., 1894
1005
Date of Application, 11th Apr., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 5th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Feb., 1995
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Churns used in the Manufacture of Butter.
I William BarTON of Carrick-ma-Cross, Ireland, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to effect rapidly & efficiently, and with small
expenditure of power, the separation of cream from milk, and its conversion into
butter.
The improved arrangement may be cursorily described as follows,—
The churn body is a cylindrical vessel, preferably in the form of a truncated
cone, the smaller end being uppermost & open. Above the churn body I affix a
vertical revolving spindle carried by a suitable bracket which may be attached
either to the churn body or to independent supports. This spindle is rotated
through bevel or spur wheels by means of a handle, pulley, or other well known
device, and may carry a flywheel to ensure regular motion.
The beater, or dash, which forms an essential feature of my invention, is firmly
secured to the lower end of the spindle, and derives from it a rotative motion
within the churn body.
The beater or dash may be described as follows-Upon a central spindle are
mounted at, or nearly at right angles one or more sets of arms or blades, cach
succeeding blade of a set, being lower and in front of the one preceeding, in such
a manner that the succeeding points of the blades of each set describe a spiral line
having the spindle axis as centre.
The blades are wider where they are joined to the centre spindle than at their
outer extremities. They are by preference, more closely spaced at the upper than
at the lower end of the spindle, and are so affixed to it that they form an
angle more or less acute with the horizontal plane. Each blade in fact when
revolving in the milk acts in the same way as the blade of a screw propeller,
causing a constant upward current. I sometimes gradually decrease the pitch or
angle of the lower blades, and curve the surfaces of all of them, making them
approximately portions of a true helix. The edges of the blades facing the direction
of rotation may by preference form tangents to the spindle's circumference.
I provide the dash spindle with a cup shaped ferrule at its upper end, which
serves to catch and retain any oil that may fall from the mechanism above. The
lower end of the dash spindle may if necessary work on a suitable pivot or
bearing.
The action of the churn may be described as follows-The vessel being filled to
the right depth with milk, the dash is rotated by means of the gearing previously
described. This gives to the milk a rotary motion, the cream or lighter portion
remaining in the centre immediately round the spindle, while the heavier constituents
are thrown outwards by centrifugal force. By reason of the position of the blades,
and their comparatively large surface near the centie, the cream is raised to the
surface where it is held in contact with the atmosphere, the churning being rapidly
accomplished by the blades.
The churn barrel, dash, and other parts herein described may be constructed of
wood, metal, earthenware, or other suitable material.
Dated this 9th day of April 1894.

page_text: I, WILLIAM BARTON of Carrickmacross, Ireland, Mechanical Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manuer the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The object of my invention is to effect rapidly and efficiently with small
expenditure of power the separation of cream from milk and its conversion into
butter.
In the accompanying drawings, A is the body of the churn which is a cylindrical
vessel preferably of the form of a truncated cone the small end being uppermost
and open. The vertical revolving spindle B is mounted in bearings above the
churn, the said bearings being carried by a suitable bracket c which may be
attached to the body A or carried externally. Suitable gearing D is provided to
transmit manual or other power to rotate the spindle B.
The beater or dash E the construction of which, constitutes the main feature of
my invention is rigidly secured to the lower end of the spindle B and thus derives
rotative motion from it.
Upon the central shaft of the beater one or more sets of arms or blades F F are
securely fixed at or approximately at right angles to its axis. The blades F Fare
wider at their bases by which they are attached to the central shaft than at their
extremities as illustrated and they are set obliquely to a horizontal plane. The
said obliquity is greater in the upper blades than the lower and I prefer to arrange
the blades with a gradually decreasing obliquity, the lower ones having little or
none. I may otherwise describe the blades as forming parts of the plane of a
helix of gradually decreasing pitch towards the lower end and with its upper
surface leading when rotated. By preference I place a greater number of blades
in the upper than in the lower part of the beater. I also prefer to form the
advancing edges of the beaters as tangents to the periphery of the central shaft
but this is not an essential feature of my invention. I may form the said edges as
curves though they are not so illustrated in the drawing. At or near its upper
end the central shaft of the beater is provided with a circular cup G for the
purpose of intercepting any oil that may fall from the gearing or bearings. The
lower end of the shaft may be provided with a suitable footstep or bearing H.
The action is as follows:-
The vessel or body A being filled with milk the beater E is rotated in the right
direction by means of the handle I and gearing D imparting a rapid rotatory motion
to the milk. By reason of its lesser specific gravity the cream remains in the centre
of the vessel around the spindle whilst the heavier constituents are driven against
the walls of the vessel A by centrifugal force. By reason of the obliquity and
form of the blades F and their larger surface near the centre the cream is raised to
the surface where it is held in contact with the atmosphere.
The churning is then rapidly effected by the blades. Means are provided for
'drawing off the buttermilk from below in the usual way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The rotating beater whose central shaft is provided with one or more sets of
blades fixed obliquely with the advancing surface uppermost substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.

page_text: 2. The rotating beater whose central shaft is provided with one or more sets of
blades fixed obliquely and having greater width at their bases than at their
extremities substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. The rotating beater whose central shaft is provided with one or more sets of
blades of greater width at their bases than at their extremities and fixed with an
obliquity corresponding with a helix of decreasing pitch towards the lower end
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 4th day of January 1895.
EDGAR CONISTON MILLS,
Agent to the Applicant.