IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDING DETAILS FOR LATHES, VICES, AND WRENCHES.
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Mackintosh, of Forfar, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, Brassfounder and Gasfitter, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDING DETAILS FOR LATHES, VICES, AND WRENCHES.'
-A communication from abroad by James Taylor, residing at Lima,
Peru.
Sealed the 31st July 1866, and dated the 3rd February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Mackintosh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1866.
I, WILLIAM MACKINTOSH, of Forfar, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, Brassfounder and Gasfitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDING DETAILS FOR LATHES, VICES, AND
WRENCHES," a communication to me from abroad by James Taylor, residing
at Lima, Peru, to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the making of holding details for lathes,
vices, and wrenches in an improved manner, and so as whilst possessing
increased range and applicability to be at the same time simple in construction,
accurate in action, and not easily put out of order.
In a modification suitable for lathes, and to be used in place of the ordinary

page_text: chuck, there is a face plate to be fixed on the lathe spindle or mandril, or on
the common face plate, and this improved face plate is formed with four
equidistant grooved guide recesses to receive adjustable holding pieces or jaw
plates. The inner faces of the jaw plates are shaped as internally screwed
segments to gear with short screws which are placed in the cavities formed
for them in the bottoms of the guide recesses. The axes of the screws are
radial, and one diametrically opposite pair are in one line crossing the centre,
the other pair being in another line at right angles thereto. The screws are
hollow or tubular, and cylindrical passages are formed in continuation of the
screw hollows in the body of and completely across the face plate, these
passages of course intersecting each other at the centre. A long key is
provided for acting on two opposite screws at once when required on being
entered through the passage and screws.
The two screws on the same
diameter are one a right-handed one and the other a left-handed one, so that
on turning the two simultaneously by the key the two opposite jaws are made
to approach to or recede from the centre equally. If, however, it is required
to hold an article eccentrically, any one of the screws can be acted on by
itself by applying the key to it without passing it across 'to the opposite side.
Each jaw plate is formed with a projecting jaw piece at one end, and for
small articles the plates are entered into their guide recesses with their jaws
inwards, whilst for large articles they are entered with their jaws outwards.
The jaw pieces are formed with concave, convex, and flat holding surfaces,
and when all four are brought together at the centre they form a square mass
with the corners removed and divided across the middles of the sides, whilst
the diagonals are in the lines of the plates and screws. Filings, turnings, or
dust cannot easily get into the guide recesses, but at the same time the
internal guiding surfaces are grooved, so that any dust can easily get away.
'The combination of parts herein-before described when fixed horizontally
forms a very convenient vice, suitable for jewellers, watchmakers, and others,
and has the advantage of holding the article by four points instead of by only
two, as in common vices.
In a modification of holding details suitable for wrenches the main arm of
the wrench is made of a curved form at the part to which the adjustable
holding detail is applied, whereby a very considerable range is obtained with
a given size of wrench. The bolding detail comprises a serrated piece
which is centred eccentrically on a block arranged to slide on the arm,
but which with the eccentric becomes jammed when adjusted for holding any
article.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Mackintosh in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MACKINTOSH, of Forfar, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Brass-
founder and Gasfitter, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her. heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Mackintosh, Her special license that I, the said William
Mackintosh, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Mackintosh, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HOLDING DETAILS FOR LATHES, VICES, AND WRENCHES," a communication to
me from abroad by James Taylor, residing at Lima, Peru, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Mackintosh, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Mackintosh, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
that is to say
The said Invention has for its object the making of holding details for
lathes, vices, and wrenches in an improved manner, and so as whilst possessing
increased range and applicability to be at the same time simple in construction,
accurate in action, and not easily put out of order.
And in order that the said Invention and the manner of performing the
same may be properly understood I have hereunto appended a Sheet of

page_text: explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to, and representing con-
venient modifications of the improved appliances.
A modification suitable for lathes, and to be used in place of the ordinary
chuck, is represented in Figures 1 and 2, Figure 1 being a front elevation,
and Figure 2 a section as taken through the axis. In this modification there
is a face plate 5, to be fixed on the lathe spindle or mandril (or it might be
adapted for fixing on the common face plate), and this improved face plate is
formed with four equidistant grooved guide recesses 1, 2, 3, 4, to receive
adjustable holding pieces or jaw plates 6, 6, 7, 7. The inner faces of the
jaw plates are shaped as internally screwed segments to gear with short screws
8, 9, which are placed in cavities formed for them in the bottoms of the guide
recesses 1, 2, 3, 4. The axes of the four screws 8, 9, are radial, and one
diametrically opposite pair are in one line crossing the centre, the other pair
being in another line at right angles thereto. The screws 8, 9, are hollow or
tubular, and cylindrical passages 10 are formed in continuation of the screw
hollows in the body of and completely across the face plate 5, these passages
10 of course intersecting each other at the centre. A long key, shown in
Figures 3, 4, and 5, is provided for acting on two opposite screws 8, 9, at
once when required on being entered through the passage 10 and through
the screws.
The two screws 8, 9, on the same diameter are one a right-
handed one and the other a left-handed one, so that on turning the two
simultaneously by the key the two opposite jaws 6, 6, or 7, 7, are made to
approach to or recede from the centre equally. If, however, it is required to
hold an article eccentrically, any one of the screws can be acted on by itself
by applying the key to it without passing it across to the opposite side. In
order to engage and act on the screws the key is made with a feather, and the
screws 8, 9, are made with corresponding grooves, whilst the passages 10 aro
nade large enough for the key with its feather to turn round freely. Each
jaw plate 6, 6, 7, 7, is formed with a projecting jaw piece 11 at one end, and
for small articles the plates are entered into their guide recesses 1, 2, 3, 4,
with their jaws inwards, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, whilst for large articles
they are entered with their jaws outwards. The jaws 11 are formed with
concave, convex, and flat holding surfaces, which are roughened, and when all
four are brought together at the centre they form a square mass with the
corners removed and divided across the middles of the sides, whilst the
diagonals are in the lines of the plates and screws. Filings, turnings, or dust
cannot easily get into the guide recesses 1, 2, 3, 4, but at the same time the
internal guiding surfaces are grooved so that any dust can get easily away.
The combination of parts herein-before described when fixed horizontally:

page_text: forms a very convenient vice, suitable for jewellers, watchmakers, and others,
and has the advantage of holding the article by four points instead of by only
two, as in common vices.
A modification of holding details suitable for the purposes of a wrench
is shown in side and edge view in Figures 6 and 7. The main arm 12 of
the wrench is made of a curved form, more particularly at the (upper)
part to which the adjustable holding detail 13, 14, is applied, whereby a very
considerable range is obtained with a given size of wrench. The holding
detail comprises a serrated piece 13, which is centred eccentrically on a
block 14 arranged to slide on the arm 12, but which with the eccentric
piece 13 becomes jammed when adjusted for holding any article 15. The
wrench is represented as holding a small bar 15, whilst its application to a
larger bar is indicated by dotted lines. In applying the wrench to hold
anything the article is caught by the booked end of the arm 12, the block 14
is made to slide up to it, and the eccentric piece 13 is then forced round by
the thumb in the direction of the arrow 16. The wrench is to be turned in
the direction of the arrow 17, except when being loosened, when it is turned
in the opposite direction.
Having thus particularly described the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I have to state that the Inventor does not
restrict himself to the precise details herein described or delineated, but that
what I believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the constructing
and arranging of holding details for lathes, vices, and wrenches substantially
in the improved manner herein described and delineated.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Mackintosh, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
W. MACKINTOSH. (L.s.)