matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORIZONTAL STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Porter and Thomas
Lane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th August 1870.
We, ROBERT PORTER and THOMAS LANE, both of 172, Fenchurch
Street, in the City of London, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORIZONTAL STEAM BOILERS,"
to be as follows:-
Firstly. Our Invention consists in placing a steam chamber or
chambers within horizontal steam boilers, whereby an extension of
O steam space is provided, and a portion of the water in and along the
centre of the boiler is displaced and more equally distributed to receive
the action of the fire.
Secondly. In converting the existing internal flues of horizontal steam
boilers into steam chambers by closing them at each end and connecting

page_text: them with the steam space above, which conversion provides more steam
space and causes the flues so converted to be in equilibrium of pressure,
thereby entirely obviating the evil so frequently arising from the collapsing
of the flues by the pressure of the steam.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SEPARATING MATERIALS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Kohn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
September 1870.
I, FERDINAND KOHN, of No. 6, Robert Street, Adelphi, Westminster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SEPARATING MATERIALS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC
GRAVITY," to be as follows:-
My improvements are applicable to the separation of materials when
in the state of fine grain or powder and intimately mixed with each
other, such as, for instance, the separation of metals or metallic ores
from each other or from their gangues, or the separation of metallic or
other precipitates from any impurities with which they are mechanically
mixed. For effecting the separation I expose the powdered substances.
to the action of an ascending current of water or other liquid in a vessel
of gradually increasing section. The speed of the ascending current is
greatest at the bottom, and gradually decreases as it reaches the upper
and wider portion of the vessel. The speed of the current at the bottom
is sufficient to keep the heaviest powder in a state of equilibrium, while
all the lighter materials are carried upwards by the current and arrive

page_text: at their state of equilibrium in another section higher up, where the
speed is sufficiently diminished. The lightest materials are carried off
altogether if required. The substances in this manner separate in
distinct layers according to their specific gravity, and can be separately
discharged from the vessel by openings suitably arranged for this
purpose; this separation by specific gravity is subject, however, to the
condition that the powdered substances have an equal and uniformly
sized grain, the powder therefore should be passed through a series of
sieves for separating the different sizes of grain. Instead of sieves I also
employ for the purpose of separating the different sizes of grain a set of
revolving cylinders placed close to each other, and revolving parallel to
each other so as to avoid any crushing action upon the powder. The
size of the smallest opening left between the cylindrical surfaces measures
the size of grain which can pass through, and the separation of the
different sizes is obtained by a series of cylinders set at different distances
from each other or by making the clearance between the rolls to increase
gradually from one end to the other. The two processes of separating
by size and by specific weight may be performed one after the other or
both simultaneously in one machine without altering the principle and
the effect of this method of separation.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR GARMENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES OR PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1870.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
Edward Dallon, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR GARMENTS
AND OTHER ARTICLES OR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a garment or other fastening
which shall be at once cheap, simple, and secure, and which will occupy
a close or flat position when closed. The fastening is generally appli-
cable as a substitute for a clasp or buckle, but it may also be used where
a clasp or buckle would be inconvenient or impracticable. While it
is not restricted to any particular garment or purpose, and may be
variously modified to adapt it to different uses, including its use as a
fastener for boots or shoes, and gloves, likewise as a harness fastening,
it will be found particularly serviceable as a corset fastening or a
fastening for braces.

page_text: The Invention consists of a bar hinged to a plate or strap attached to
one side or edge of the garment or other article to be fastened and
provided with a bent tongue on its inner side or face in combination
with a perforated plate or strap attached to the other side or edge of
the garment or other article. To close such fastening the bent tongue
of the hinged bar is passed through the perforated plate by shutting
down or closing the hinged bar, when a perfect lock of the plates is
effected and every security is afforded against the accidental opening of
the fastening. A pull upon the fastening in line of the plates adds to
its security, which when shut lies close or flat with its bent or locking
tongue free from objectionable protrusion.
IMPROVEMENTS Applicable to TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker at the Office
-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
January 1870.
I, THOMAS WALKER, of Robert Street, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS Applicable to TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES," to be as follows :—
•
In order to ensure insulation I cover electrical conductors with gutta
percha or india-rubber dissolved in naptha or other volatile solvent,
either pure or mixed with gums, resins, pitch, bitumen, parafine, or any
other-water resisting substance, and lampblack, powdered glass, or fine
sand, either in combination or singly. I evaporate the solvent by heat
or in the air, or I use any kind of oil, varnish, or paint mixed with any
pigment, or the above-mentioned substances alone or combined without
the gutta percha or india-rubber.
In using an inferior insulating material two or more conductors are
laid connected with the batteries and instruments to form a complete
metallic circuit, and one conductor is used to serve as a return to any
number of lines.

page_text: Two or more uninsulated conductors are used connected in the same
way to form the circuit or circuits.
I use a conductor or conductors insulated with gutta percha or india-
rubber in the usual way, and any number of uninsulated lines in circuit
with them. I use the conductors covered with any suitable fibrous
materials, such as cotton, jute, Manilla, hemp, cocoa-nut fibre, or similar
substances, or I use them without such covering. When necessary I
cover the whole or part of them with a metallic sheathing in the usual
way.
In some cases I use a galvanometer (horizontal) with a reflector 1
attached to the needle, and with or without a stop or stops placed so that
the needle may move in one direction only, the reflector to be placed
edgeways to the light. When at rest no light will be thrown on the
screen, but when in use the light will be short or long according to the
length of time appointed to the transmitting key. For sending currents 1
I use in some cases a transmitting key with two levers. I divide the
bridge into two parts. I attach the receiving instrument to each part of
the bridge, and when sending currents I use a plug to connect the two
parts of the bridge. I use the plug with or without a lever attached.
I use a register or recording instrument with suitable machinery
causing pointers or levers to pass over the sending and receiving materials,
which I prepare by the usual chemical processes; or I make the pointers
hollow, so that liquid colouring matter will flow to make marks when
pressed by electro-magnets. In some cases I use ink marking discs, black
leads, or other marking substances.
For the sending apparatus I use characters either written with
insulating materials upon metallic surfaces or type set up. With cables
and lines as above described I use any of the usual instruments when
desirable.
For land lines I use a buried or partly buried line for the return instead 3
han of lines may in ented with the buried
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE 'STEAMERS' OR CYLINDERS EMPLOYED IN CONJUNCTION WITH CLOTH MILLS AND GIGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Siddall and Joseph
Siddall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st October 1870.
We, BENJAMIN SIDDALL and JOSEPH SIDDALL, of the Firm of S. and
W. Siddall and Sons, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Tin and Iron
Plate Workers and Braziers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE 'STEAMERS' OR CYLINDERS EMPLOYED IN
CONJUNCTION WITH CLOTH MILLS AND GIGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates specially to the perforated cylinders of such
machines, and technically called " 'steamers," over which textile fabrics
are passed to be steamed, that is, by steam being introduced therein
which passes through the perforations and into contact with the passing
fabric.
Heretofore these cylinders have been constructed with loose ends,
the ends being fixed to the body by means of screw bolts, and to make
the same steam-tight india-rubber or other elastic packing has been
placed betwixt the ends and the body.
Now in the practical using of such cylinders it is found that this
packing is soon destroyed or becomes so deteriorated as not to maintain

page_text: "
""
the cylinder in a steam-tight state, consequently a waste of steam is the
result, and repairs are frequently required. To remedy this evil we
construct these steamers or cylinders with solid ends, or by
permanently fixing the ends to the body by either brazing or soldering.
Another improvement is effected by forming or constructing a spout
or slope on the bottom or underneath part of these cylinders, to which
a pipe is connected so as to drain or carry off from the interior thereof
the condensed steam or water as it is made, by which means the top
part of the cylinder can be placed in a perfectly horizontal position,
which is desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pinney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1870.
:
•
I, JOHN: PINNEY, of the Town and County of Bedford, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS," to
be as follows:-
X
uniform and
My Invention relates to an improved construction of valve for
admitting. air to the speaking or voiced pipes of organs, by the use of
which the "touch" of the different notes is rendered more. uni
light, and greater promptness of "speech" is at same time ensured
in the organ. This I effect by the substitution for the ordinary valve or
pallet of an equilibrium valve, the pressure of air on which in the wind
chest has little or no effect on the keys, so that the "touch " is lightened
and rendered uniform throughout the whole range of keys, and is not
necessarily heavier for the large valves required for admitting the greater
quantities of wind for the lower or bass notes.
In carrying out my Invention I cover each of the usual series of
apertures leading to the grooves of the sound board with a suitable box,

page_text: hereafter described as the valve box, in lieu of the ordinary pallet, one
side of which valve box is opened to the aperture above mentioned.
This box, which is placed within the wind chest and fixed under the
sound board, is provided with a port at each end for the passage of the
air to the aperture above mentioned, said ports being closed, the one
from the inside and the other from the outside of the box, by two discs
or valves mounted on a common spindle sliding in bearings on the ends
of the valve box. The relative dimensions of the discs are so regulated
that the pressure of air on the one tending to close the same will be
counterbalanced by the pressure tending to open the other. The discs
or valves (which may be connected otherwise than by a spindle if
desired) are faced with leather or other suitable material as usual to
make a tight joint, and a spring is applied to keep the valve closed. As
the pressure of air on the one disc is neutralized by that on the other the
resistance due to the spring and friction of the parts only has to be over-
come to depress the key in playing, whether the valve to be opened be
of great or small dimensions. When it is desirable to supply wind from
separate wind chests containing air at different pressures the valve box is
divided by a suitable diaphragm, and to retain the equilibrium of the
valves the discs are made of different sizes in proportion to the different
pressures of wind on their surfaces. The said discs are connected by a
spindle working freely through the diaphragm or by a suitable connecting
rod made to pass outside the valve box. This latter arrangement
renders the piercing of the diaphragm for the passage of the spindle
unnecessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING SOUNDINGS at Sea
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1870.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
Badin, of Bordeaux, France, Sea Captain.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR TAKING SOUNDINGS at Sea," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object to ascertain the exact vertical
depth of those soundings where the lead line on account of the flow of
the sea or motion of the vessel forms greater or less angle with the
perpendicular.
It consists in constructing an apparatus by means of which the extent
of such angle may be measured or read off, so that by the aid of a
properly computed table the correction due to such angle may be
deducted from the actual lengths of lead line run out, in order to
ascertain the exact vertical depth. For this purpose two guide bars,
Laving a weight affixed to their lower ends, are suspended by means of

page_text: a universal joint or double swivel from any convenient object on board
the vessel, so that such bars always hang in a vertical position; on the
same linch pin on which these bars hang is suspended an arm, the lower
end of which is provided, firstly, with a hook, and secondly, with a
graduated arc or quadrant, which passes between guides on the guide
bars, and which may be secured in any position in the same by means of
a set screw.
In taking a sounding the lead line is first run out until the bottom is
reached, after which a loop is formed on the line, which is thereby hung
on to the hook of the apparatus. The drag of the line then draws the
arm of the latter together with the are away from the vertical guide
bars, until it forms the same angle with these as the line, and the arc is
then secured in this position by means of the set screw, whereupon the
angle formed by the line is read off on the arc, and the requisite corre-
sponding correction is then made by means of the before-mentioned
table.
The ordinary lead may be used with this apparatus; but it is
preferred to employ a lead with a spherical enlargement at the end,
in which are formed three or more cavities to be filled with grease,
in order that the nature of the bottom may be ascertained, no matter
what angle the lead line may make.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRESSING OR EXTRACTING OIL FROM SEEDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Caboune Simonds and
Robert Donnison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th August 1870.
We, JOHN CABOUNE SIMONDS and ROBERT DONNISON, both of
Boston, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRESSING OR EXTRACTING
OIL FROM SEEDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
pressing or extracting oil from seeds.
At the present time it is usual in pressing linseed and other seeds to
place the seeds after they have been heated in a kettle in bags; these bags
are then enclosed in a very thick hair cloth, and are placed in the boxes
or pressing chambers of an hydraulic oil press. Various attempts have
been made to dispense with these hair cloths, substituting for them
brass or metal plates with channels in them for the free escape of the
oil. The success of these attempts has been limited, because the metal
plates being in contact with the mass of cast iron forming the boxes
chill the seeds and spoil the appearance of the oil cake.

page_text: According to my Invention when dispensing with the thick hair
cloths for enclosing the bags before they are placed in the press I
employ brass or metal plates perforated with fine holes and attached
to the upper and under surfaces of the boxes, so that they are not taken
out of the press with the bags, and I interpose a thick hair or woollen
felt, or other such-like non-conducting material between the plates and
the surfaces of the boxes to which they are fixed, so that the heat which
the seed communicates to the plate may not pass away by conduction
into the mass of metal forming the boxes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEAPOTS AND INTENDED TO CONTAIN HOT LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: '
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holmes Bass at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th January 1870
I, JOHN HOLMES BASS, of No. 6, Featherstone Street, in the City of
London, Machine Cork Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEAPOTS AND
INTENDED TO CONTAIN HOT LIQUIDS," to be as follows :—
.
OTHER VESSELS
This Invention has for its object improvements in teapots and other
vessels intended to contain hot liquids. The handles of teapots and.
other such like vessels intended to contain hot liquids are now usually
provided with rings of ivory or other slow conductor of heat, in order
to prevent the handle from becoming heated from the conduction of
heat which would take place were the handle in continuous metallic.
connection with the pot. These rings are inconvenient to fit and the
use of them frequently results in the handles becoming loose; they also.
injure the appearance of the pot or vessel..
"
According to my Invention I avoid these inconveniences.. I keep-tlie
handle cool not by intercepting the conduction of heat along, the handle,

page_text: but by absorbing the heat which may be so conducted by a material
having a large capacity for heat, and which consequently will absorb. the
heat which the metal of the handle is able to conduct without itself being
raised to a high temperature, I make the handle hollow as. heretofore,
and I fix it to the metal pot without the interposition of any non-metallic
substance. I then fill the handle with water through a minute
perforation made for the purpose. I heat the handle so as to expel some
of the air and then plunge it in water. A. small quantity of water
enters, and this I boil until the air is expelled, when I again plunge the
handle, and so fill it with water. When it is full or nearly so the hole
is soldered up or closed. The ends of the handle where it abuts on the
pot or vessel should be previously filled with cork or cement or other
slow conductor of heat, so as to prevent the water in the handle from
coming directly in contact with the surface of the pot or vessel, or at
least so as to prevent or impede the circulation of any water in contact
therewith. If the handle be of a metal of high conducting power such
as silver small rings of a metal of lower conducting power,, such as,
German silver, may be soldered to it at or near its ends..
+
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING, GLAZING, AND PEARLING RICE, WHEAT, BARLEY, OR OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Jules Hignette at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1870.-Partly a communication from Eugène Barrabé, of
Rennes, in the Empire of France.
I, JEAN JULES HIGNETTE, of No. 75, Rue de Turbigo, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING, GLAZING, AND
PEARLING RICE, WHEAT, BARLEY, OR OTHER GRAIN," that the same is the
result partly of a communication made to me by Eugène Barrabé, a
person residing at Rennes, in the Empire of France, and partly of
Invention and discovery made by me, to be as follows:-
The nature of these improvements will be readily understood from the
annexed Drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows partly a vertical outside and
sectional view, and Fig. 2, partly a top and horizontal sectional view, of
one of my improved apparatus for dressing, glazing, and pearling rice,
wheat, barley, or other grain.

page_text: The apparatus consists principally of a vertical natural or artificial
millstone M revolving by means of the arbor A within a suitable open
fixed frame E provided with a screen m of wire gauze. The lower part.
M³ of this stone is of a conical shape, the inclination of which differs a
little from that of the fixed millstone M' in such manner that the
'distance left apart between the two stones is larger at 6 than at c. To the
arbor A is further fixed a wooden circular block B, partly covered
with wire card P, the opening left apart between the said card and the
wire gauze which covers the lower surface of the fixed stone M¹ being
smaller at e than at d. The rice, wheat, barley, or other similar grain
to be acted upon is introduced at the top of the apparatus between the
revolving stone M and the screw m, and following the direction shown
by the arrows fall down the incline b, c, and afterwards by the cen-
trifugal effect of the machine caused to ascend the incline d, e, whence
they leave the machine properly dressed, glazed, and pearled.
Two or more of these arrangements may be connected together, one
above the other, so as to form one continuous apparatus.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PLOUGHING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Gaillet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1870.
I, ERNEST GAILLET, of No. 14, Rue du Cardinal Lemoine, Paris, in
the Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF PLOUGHING," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention consists as follows:-A steam engine or locomobile
with its accessories is brought into the field to be ploughed, and is
taken to the side deemed most suitable for commencing the ploughing,
and from this side it should be moved to the end of one of two middle
lines taken either in the direction of the length or breadth of the field,
and the starting point will be at the end of the line, which is chosen
according to the shape of the field; this middle line can be run over by
the locomobile as the ploughing is effected on its two sides; this line
is previously if it is of great width marked by the tooth of a harrow, or
end of a ploughshare, or simply marked by branches of trees if it be
of small extent. In this arrangement two ploughs making their furrows
and placed one on the right and the other on the left of the locomobile

page_text: are alternately drawn by means of a wire rope, and when they have
arrived at the end of this rope they are alternately, one moving away
from and the other towards the locomobile, put out of action until
they are brought back to their starting point, and this return is effected
by means of, a wire cord from the steam engine and passing to the
end of the field over a small return pulley fixed to the ground by two
stakes fixed in boxes at the two ends of its spindle, or by stakes forming
one with the said spindle. These stakes are in the form of blades,
the faces of which in the direction of the line of traction present a
sufficient resistance to carry back promptly a plough (out of action)
moving on three wheels, carrying a man, and drawing a rope wound
on a cylinder that is now loose; this rope does not exceed 500 feet
in length, the pieces of land being ploughed half at a time in the
direction of their length in such cases where, although seldom if ever
met with, their length exceeds one thousand feet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT COLLARS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Matthew Felton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th November 1870.
I, GEORGE MATTHEW FELTON, of Nos. 6, 7, and 8, Well Street, in the
City of London, Collar Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT COLLARS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object a certain improvement in shirt collars,
whereby the necktie or scarf is prevented slipping up above the band,
and thus becoming not only unsightly, but uncomfortable to the
wearer.
It has been the practice hitherto to form a loop or loops at the back of
the collar either by cutting the band itself or by sewing tapes thereon
for the necktie to be passed through to hold it in position, and to prevent
it slipping up. In some cases metallic hooks have been used for the
same purpose, one bend of the hook holding the band and the other
holding the necktie; in other cases an additional piece of material has
been sewn in the seam with the band and collar, the additional piece

page_text: forming a flap which was ironed downwards to form a turnover, under
which the necktie found a lodgment to hold it in place. All these
modes have proved useless for the purpose for which they were intended,
as they caused much trouble and annoyance to the wearer in placing
the collar round the neck, either in the first case from the difficulty in
passing the tie under the loops through the collar being in a starched
state, or in the second case of the hooks not being at hand when wanted,
and in the third case from the difficulty of releasing the flap from the
band to place the necktie under it, or in the fourth place from
preventing the tie being seen, the "tab" or fold covering it.
Now my Invention consists in forming the back portion of the collar
band of a greater depth than the end portions, either by cutting the
band of a greater depth at that part or by sewing or securing an addi-
tional piece on it before or after the collar is made up. This piece is to
be ironed flat with the other part of the collar and then folded up over
the band proper. On placing the necktie between the turned up flap
and the band proper it will be held securely and so prevented rising or
slipping up over the rest of the collar. The bent or curved form of the
collar when in wear gives a sufficient grip for the purpose.
The Invention is applicable to all kinds of collars whether made of
linen or of other fabric or paper.
IMPROVED TRACE ATTACHMENTS FOR ARTILLERY AND OTHER HARNESS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
November 1870.
I, FREDERICK LEE, of Long Acre, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED TRACE
ATTACHMENTS FOR ARTILLERY AND OTHER HARNESS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved means of attaching the traces to
the breast collar of artillery and other similar harness by which the
horse may be very rapidly attached or unharnessed. Hitherto the trace
has been attached by a hook connected loosely to a ring secured to the
brcast collar, a tongue of leather being made use of to retain the trace
on the hook and so secure the fastening. By this arrangement it is
necessary (when the horse is mounted) for the rider to dismount in order
to disconnect the trace, whereas by my improved fastening this can be
readily effected by the rider when in the saddle.
According to my Invention I make the hook rigid by forming it in
one with the ring by which it is connected to the breast collar, I make
the hook to project from the ring and from the strap or collar to which

page_text: it is attached to permit of the trace being readily attached. The trace is
provided with an eye or link made of just sufficient size to admit the
hook which is also formed to prevent the eye from becoming accidently
disengaged from the hook. A loop is also attached to the harness near
the hook through which the trace is passed for the purpose of preventing
the trace being jerked off the hook. For "leader" harness the hooks
are made single, but in other cases they are double, that is to say, the
ring is formed with two similar hooks placed in opposite positions, the
one for attaching the trace connected to the vehicle and the other for
the trace of the leading horse.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE NUTS OF THE SCREW BOLTS USED IN FISH JOINTING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William. Barwell and George.
Bond Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th May 1870.
We, WILLIAM BARWELL and GEORGE BOND SMITH, of the Firm of
Barwell, Brothers, and Smith, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE NUTS OF THE SCREW BOLTS USED IN FISH
JOINTING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
:―
Our Invention has for its object to prevent the accidental loosening
or unscrewing of the nuts of the screw bolts used in fish jointing the
rails of railways, and at the same time to give facility for tightening or
screwing up the said screw nuts when from wear or otherwise it may be
desirable to do so.
Our Invention consists of a plate of metal of a width equal to the
distance between two contiguous screw nuts of the said screw bolts.
This plate has a slot at its middle extending nearly from the top to the
bottom, and is connected to the fish plate by means of a pin or screw
passing through the said slot, the head of the said pin or screw retaining
the plate loosely on the said pin or screw. The said plate is thus

page_text: .
capable of being raised vertically from between the said two contiguous
screw nuts, in which position it permits the said screw nuts to be turned
or of being depressed until it is situated immediately between the said
two contiguous screw nuts, in which position it prevents their rotation.
In the latter or normal position it is retained by its weight and requires
no fixing down. A fixing plate of the kind described and a pin or screw
for it to work upon are situated between each pair of nuts or each two
contiguous nuts of the fish plate.
In applying our Invention to the fish jointing of rails already laid
down it would be inconvenient to remove the fish plates for the purpose
of rivetting or fixing therein the pins or screws on which the fixing
plates slide. In such cases we therefore attach the said pins or screws
carrying the fixing plates to the opposite ends respectively of a separate
thin strip of iron having in it holes at such a distance apart as will
enable it to fit on the two inner screw pins or bolts of the four screw
bolts employed in attaching the fish plate. By this arrangement in
applying our Invention to fish joints already in use it is only necessary
to remove the screw nuts of the inner screw bolts, place the said strip on
the screw bolts, and restore the screw nuts to their places. Each end of
the strip thus carries a fixing plate of the kind described, the two fixing
plates fixing the four screw nuts of the fish plate. The fixing plate
described may be made to rise and fall between the two contiguous screw
nuts by being hinged to the fish plate or to a separate plate instead of
rising and falling by a sliding motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAD IRONS AND OTHER SMOOTHING IRONS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hipkiss and Samuel
Whitehouse at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th March 1870.
We, JOSEPH HIPKISS, of Swan Village, near Tipton, in the County
of Stafford, Moulder, and SAMUEL WHITEHOUSE, of Tipton, aforesaid,
Coal Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SAD IRONS AND OTHER SMOOTHING IRONS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
constructing the handles of sad irons and other smoothing irons, and in
connecting the said handles with the slabs or bodies of the said irons.
Handles of sad irons as ordinarily made consist of a grip and two
nearly straight side pieces, the bottom ends of the said side pieces being
connected to the slab or body of the iron at the two opposite ends of the
slab or body.
In making the handles of sad irons and other smoothing irons according
to our Invention we give the said handles a bow figure, and connect the
bow-shaped handle to the slab or body of the iron at the middle of

page_text: the slab or body instead of at the ends as usual, that is to say, in place
of the nearly straight side pieces we give the sides of the handle such
a figure that together they form a nearly semicircular bow, the top or
widest part of the bow being connected by the grip part of the handle,
and the bottom or middle of the bow we provide with a block of metal
which serves to connect the handle to the slab or body of the iron. The
grip part of the handle we prefer to make tubular or hollow. The bow-
shaped handle may either be made wholly of wrought iron and in one
piece, or be made partly of wrought iron and partly of cast iron. In the
latter case the bow-shaped sides of the handle are made of wrought iron,
and the grip and central block are made of cast iron cast upon the said
side pieces. Instead of making the said handles of iron they may be
made of brass or other metal or alloy; or the grip part of the handle
may be made of wood or other non-metallic material. The bow-shaped
handle is connected to the slab or body of the iron by the central block
described in either of the following ways:—
According to one arrangement we fix by the casting process in the
middle of the slab or body of the iron and on the upper side thereof a
projecting peg, and we make in the central block of the handle a hole in
which the said peg fits. By passing a cross pin through the said block 2
and peg the handle is securely connected to the middle of the slab or
body of the iron; or the peg on the slab may be rivetted to the central
block of the handle.
According to another arrangement we provide the under side of the
central block with a projecting peg, and cast the slab or body of the iron 2
upon the said peg.
Although our Invention is especially applicable to ordinary sad irons,
yet it may also be applied to other smoothing irons, such as tailors' and
hatters' irons and the like as well as to box irons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC Juas
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Shadford Lee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th June 1870.
I, GEORGE SHADFORD LEE, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Silver
Plate Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC Juas," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention has reference to the employment and mode of forming
and securing porcelain or similar earthenware linings or inner cases to
metal jugs, so as to render them suitably advantageous for holding or
containing accidulated liquids, or otherwise free from chemical action
which would otherwise exist when in contact with the metal alone, and
consists in forming the said porcelain lining or inner case of the jugs
aforesaid in one piece of any suitable thickness or dimensions corre-
sponding in shape to the outter case or metallic portion of the jugs, and
securing the same thereto through the medium of concave projections
fitting into concavities in the porcelain lining, and finally soldering the
same together with or without cement. The said jugs to be of any
suitable pattern or dimensions, and silver plated, engraved, or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES, STRONG ROOMS, AND APPARATUS FOR THE PROTECTION OF VALUABLE PROPERTY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Chatwood and Thomas
William Tobin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th October 1870
We, SAMUEL CHATWOOD, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Safe and Lock Engineer, and THOMAS WILLIAM TOBIN, of the Royal
Polytechnic Institution, 309, Regent Street, London, W., Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SAFES, STRONG ROOMS, AND APPARATUS FOR THE PROTECTION OF VALUABLE
PROPERTY," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to arrange apparatus by which in the
event of any felonious attempt to enter a safe or strong room or place
where valuable property is secured the fact may be immediately notified
and recorded in order that precautions may be taken to arrest further
progress with the attempt to enter. For this purpose we surround or
partly surround the safe or receptacle to be protected by air-tight
chambers. These chambers are put in communication with a pressure
gauge placed in some conspicious place. The chambers or pipes leading
from them are fitted with a union or tap by which a small air or force
pump may be applied to them in order that the air in the interior of

page_text: the chambers may be rarified or compressed, or the chambers may be
filled with water or other liquid or partly with liquid, and partly with
air or gas. Either a single air-tight chamber may be employed or
several chambers either joined together or separate one from the other,
and they are fixed around or partly around the safe or receptacle in
such manner that one of them must first be penetrated before any
attempt to form an opening into the safe or receptacle at the points
The guage
where such chambers are applied can be commenced.
employed for indicating the pressure in the chambers may be of any
suitable construction. Electric or other apparatus may also be combined
with the gauge in order to sound an alarm whenever any variation takes
place in the pressure in the chambers.
In the event of any felonious attempt to enter the safe or receptacle,
and an opening being made into one or other of the surrounding
chambers the fact is immediately indicated and recorded by the guage.
Apparatus for sounding an alarm may also if desired be combined
with the surrounding chambers, so that notice may be at once given
of any increase or decrease of pressure in the surrounding chamber or
chambers.
Im- PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING YARNS OR THREADS OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Little at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December
1870.
I, GEORGE LITTLE, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Im-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING YARNS OR THREADS OF
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus connected to doubling machines
for preventing "singles," as they are called. For this purpose I employ
a bell-crank lever or plate capable of turning upon a centre, and one arm
of which is supported by a thread to be doubled, the other arm being
capable of falling over to sever or detain another thread when the first
mentioned is broken. To effect this falling over of the bell crank I
attach thereto a pin situate in a slot formed in a weighted lever and to
cause the said bell crank to arrive in contact with a stationary part
whereby the thread becomes clamped or broken, and to assist this
I propose to furnish the said stationary part with a comb or teeth.
This apparatus I apply to a plate through grooves formed in which

page_text: threads pass, and upon which also I adapt a similar apparatus for
acting upon another thread, the two tumbling levers therefore under
this arrangement turn in opposite directions. The detaining fixed
part and the tumbler may be placed at an angle to the passage of the
thread.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND FINISHING PRINTED PAPER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Appleton and Robert
Craib Ross at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th May 1870.
We, JOHN APPLETON and ROBERT CRAIB Ross, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Tool Makers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR
PREPARING AND FINISHING PRINTED PAPER," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to prepare and finish paper on which
letter-press has been printed, in order to remove the indentations caused
by the type, and to improve the quality and appearance of the paper.
It has heretofore been customary to subject a pile of printed paper to
the compression of a screw or hydraulic press, in which it is left for a
considerable time, and in some instances the printed paper covered with
tissue paper and piled with cardboards is passed between calender
rollers; both these operations are objectionable. Now our Invention
removes the objections and improves the quality and appearance of the
paper, as the paper when printed is taken in single sheets between
calender rollers without using the tissue paper or cardboards, thus

page_text: coming in immediate contact with the surface of the calender rollers,
and it consists in the application of certain apparatus to the calender
rollers whereby any ink that may be set off from the printed paper is
removed as the rollers revolve. This apparatus consists, first, of a
revolving brush or other instrument for loosening the ink that may be
set off on the roller by the type; and, secondly, of one or more doctors
or thin blades of metal to scrape off the ink; we also use a cleaning
roller or rollers made of canvas, flannel, or other suitable material,
which act on the calender roller to make its surface perfectly clean
before it again comes in contact with the next sheet of printed paper.
The cleaning rollers can be set at intervals, so as to bring a fresh portion
of circumference in contact with the calender roller.
It is requisite that the printed paper should be conditionally dried
before passing between the calender rollers. The drying can be effected
in the ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THAT DESCRIPTION OF MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBRE COMMONLY CALLED 'NOBLE'S MACHINES as follows
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th January
1870.
.
I, JAMES TAYLOR, the younger, Foreman in the Employ of Sir Titus
Salt, Baronet, Sons, and Company, of Saltaire; near Bradford; in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THAT DESCRIPTION OF MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL OR
OTHER FIBRE COMMONLY CALLED 'NOBLE'S MACHINES,' to be as follows:-
" "
The knots and other impurities which it is desirable to remove by
combing processes from wool and other fibres are found to be very
generally distributed throughout the slivers thereof, and in arrangements
of machinery as at present adopted for combing wool or other fibres in
which the fibre to be combed is laid (as in what are commonly called
Noble's machines) at the same time on to the teeth of two circles of
holding combs, it is found that a large proportion of such knots. and
other impurities by being contained in those portions of the fibre which
in the laying on comes between the teeth of the two circles is not acted
upon by either set of such teeth, and remains in the fibre after the
drawing off, whilst others which are only acted upon by the first and.

page_text: second rows of teeth in either circle on the drawing off side are but
partially removed, and the object of the Invention is to remedy these
evils. For this purpose I employ two circular dividing combs with
radial teeth, which are set to work at an angle to each other, and are
placed in position to act on the fibre before it is laid on to the teeth of
the holding combs by the dabbing brush and about equally in a line
between the two sets of such teeth. These dividing combs are applied
so that their teeth may be in contact or nearly so when they enter the
fibre to be combed, and then they gradually separate until the fibre is
released from them by a blade which may be attached to the slide of the
dabbing brush. By these means the knots and other impurities
generally distributed in the fibre are cleared for a distance of, say, half
an inch to an inch or more according to the angle to which these
dividing combs are set, and such impurities are thus placed so as to fall
in the third or fourth or other back row of the teeth of both holding
combs, so as to leave clear tufts of fibre projecting from each holding
comb. The plate over the holding combs, in position just before the
dabbing brush, acts to dab the fibre into the combs when in contact after
the feed has been delivered is strengthened and a slot or opening is
formed in it for the teeth of the radial combs to work in, thus insuring
these teeth going fully into the fibre.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY KNITTING SHEATH
Year: 1870

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Charlotte Mansel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition and
Declaration, on the 14th October 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act. 1852.
of the Patent Law Amendment Act. 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLOTTE
MANSEL, of Haverstock Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Spinster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SAFETY KNITTING SHEATH," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto
me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true
and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charlotte Mansel, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement:-

page_text: This invention of the safety knitting sneath consists of two unimpre
shaped pieces of metal or any other hard substance joined together by
three or more pieces of elastic long enough to allow for both ends of the
knitting needles to be inserted into the thimble, thus protecting the
needles and preventing the stitches from falling off. When the sheath
is on the work can be thrown into a drawer or carried in the pocket
with perfect safety.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charlotte Mansel, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord-One thousand eight hundred and seventy.