Improvements in Incandescent Gas Lighting.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Apr., 1896
Complete Specification Left 3rd Dec. 1896 Accented 13th Feb
1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescent Gas Lighting.
I, LOUIS DENAYROUZE, of 70 Boulevard Victor Hugo, Neuilly, (Seine),
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
With the arrangements described in my Specification No. 4494 of 1895 I obtain,
from a certain expenditure of gas mixed by special means with air, an incandescent
light at least 5 times that obtained from the same mantles heated by Bunsen
burners. I have endeavoured to determine the precise conditions under which a
proper mixture of gas and air should give so much greater light. I consider that
the mixture should arrive at the point where it burns under the following physical,
chemical and mechanical conditions. Physically, there should be complete inter-
penetration of the two fluids, as it were gaseous pulverisation. Chemically, the
proportions of the mixture should be 4 or 5 parts of air to 1 part of gas.
The mechanical condition is determined by a pressure scarcely sensible
(about 2 m.m.) and an average speed of issue from the gauze at the top of the
burner, of about 4 metres per second.
The problem embodying these conditions may obviously be solved in various
ways. One set of solutions may be applied to gas taken direct from the service
pipes at pressures varying from 20 to 80 m.m. I can apply the arrangements
which I have previously described either for one or for several burners. With
mixers of suitable dimensions I can supply several burners either grouped
together in one lamp or separate lights of a chandelier, or lights distributed
through a building.
A mixing fan requiring very little electric or other power can be used to send
the mixture into a central vessel whence pipes branch off to the several burners.
In this way, a power of 3 watts, not reckoning the material consumed at the
burner, can give as much light as 600 watts applied as electric light. As
compared with various other burners, my system is distinguished by absence of
great pressure which is both costly and injurious. Compared with systems in
which attempts are made to triturate and mix the fluids at a distance without
proper proportioning of the supply or determining of the speed of issue, my process
is distinguished by dispensing with the complex apparatus and the great expenditure
of power applied to effect a mixture of gas and air which is incorrectly considered
permanent, and by giving to the triturated gas and air, not the mixture and the
pressure, but the proper composition and velocity.
.
In another set of solutions the gas and air are put under an initial pressure
higher than that of the service and atmosphere. In this case good mixture can
be obtained by directing the fluids against baffles, through gauzes, or through
tubes which give crossing jets or otherwise causing them to lose the excess of
velocity due to their initial pressure. Thus if the mixing fan be supposed to be
stopped so that its blades act merely as baffles, and if the gas and air arriving
separately under pressure be caused first to become laminated between the blades
and guides and then to intermingle in passing through perforated diaphragms,
gauzes, crossing tubes or helical tubes or blades, the mixture will be so much the
more effectual the more fully the conditions are attained of intimate tituration, very
low pressure and a velocity of issue of 4 metres per second.
Dated this 8th day of April 1896.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Incandescent Gas Lighting.
L, LOUIS DENAYROUZE, of 70 Boulevard Victor H, Neuilly (Seine),
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
With the arrangements described in my Specification No. 4494 of 1895 I obtain,
from a certain expenditure of gas mixed by special means with air, an incandescent
light at least 5 times that obtained from the same mantles heated by Bunsen
burners. I have endeavoured to determine the precise conditions under which a
proper mixture of gas and air should give so much greater light. I consider that
the mixture should arrive at the point where it burns under the following physical,
chemical and mechanical conditions. Physically, there should be complete inter-
penetration of the two fluids, as it were gaseous pulverisation. Chemically, the
proportions of the mixture should be 4 or 5 parts of air to 1 part of gas.
The mechanical condition is determined by a pressure scarcely sensible
(about 2 m.m.) and an average speed of issue from the gauze at the top of the
burner, of about 4 metres per second.
The problem embodying these conditions may obviously be solved in various
ways. One set of solutions may be applied to gas taken direct from the service
pipes at pressures varying from 20 to 80 m.m. I can apply the arrangements
which I have previously described either for one or for several burners. With
mixers of suitable dimensions I can supply several burners either grouped together
in one lamp. or separate lights of a chandelier, or lights distributed through a
building.
As
A mixing fan requiring very little electric or other power can be used to send
the mixture into a central vessel whence pipes branch off to the several burners.
In this way, a power of 3 watts, not reckoning the material consumed at the
burner, can give as much light as 600 watts applied as electric light.
compared with various other burners, my system is distinguished by absence of
great pressure which is both costly and injurious. Compared with systems in
which attempts are made to triturate and mix the fluids at a distance without
proper proportioning of the supply or determining of the speed of issue, my process
is distinguished by dispensing with the complex apparatus and the great
expenditure of power applied to effect a mixture of gas and air which is incorrectly
considered permanent, and by giving to the triturated gas and air, not the mixture
and the pressure, but the proper composition and velocity.
In another set of solutions the gas and air are put under an initial pressure
higher than that of the service and atmosphere. In this case good mixture can be
obtained by directing the fluids against baffles, through gauzes, or through tubes,
which give crossing jets, or otherwise causing them to lose the excess of velocity
due to their initial pressure. Thus if the mixing fan be supposed to be stopped so
that its blades act merely as baffles, and if the gas and air arriving separately
under pressure be caused, first, to become laminated between the blades and guides
and then to intermingle in passing through perforated diaphragms, gauzes, crossing
tubes or helical tubes or blades, the mixture will be so much the more effectual
the more fully the conditions are attained of intimate tituration, very low pressure
and a velocity of issue of 4 metres per second.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In the production of incandescent gas light by Welsbach and like mantles,

page_text: employing the gas and air in their ordinary conditions, or after having modified
these conditions, utilising if necessary the gas pressure as the power for effecting
intimate interpenetration of the molecules of the gas and air.
2. Effecting the intimate interpenetration of the gas and air by rotary mixers,
or by passing the fluids through gauzes or successive diffusion chambers or through
crossing passages or between blades or baffles which cause the fluids to become
broken up subdivided and intermingled, while the filamental streams of air and
gas may be still farther broken up or triturated by rotary movements produced by
the simplest mechanism including chimney draught.
3. The application to incandescent gas lighting of the principles above set forth,
employing, instead of ordinary gas, combustible vapours of more or less volatile
oils spirits and other liquids, or acetylene or other combustible gases.
Dated this 3rd day of December 1896.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.