IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Warren, of Maldon, in the County of Essex,
Implement Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLOUGHS."
Sealed the 16th December 1862, and dated the 18th June 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Warren at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th June 1862.
I, JOSEPH WARREN, of Maldon, in the County of Essex, Implement Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ploughs. In order to
attach the share to the body of the plough, a screw bolt has in some cases
been employed, it passed through corresponding holes in the share and
body in a direction perpendicular or nearly so to the two surfaces it held
in contact; this arrangement however: has disadvantages, unless the share
fits the body well it is not firmly held by the-bolt, which only serves for.
a centre for it to work upon, besides which the nut being vertically under
the share is in a part of the body where there is but little space, so that
it is somewhat difficult to get at.

page_text: Now according to this Invention I make the bolt which is bent at its
forward end to pass through the body in a horizontal or nearly horizontal
direction, the hole in the share and that in the body being so formed as
to admit of this arrangement. The screwing up of the bolt tends to draw
the share on to the fore part of the body until it finds firm bearing points,
besides which the bolt being necessarily longer than before to enable it to
pass from the share through the fore sheaf or frame of the body, the nut
comes to a part of the body where there is more room for it, and where
consequently it will be more easily got at. The head of the bolt is bevilled
on the face to correspond with the upper surface of the share, and the hole
through the upper surface of the share is inclined or bevilled in such
manner as to admit of the bent end of the bolt being received into the
bevilled hole in the share. The mould board is fixed to the fore sheaf or
frame of the body by means of a screw bolt, the head of which is sunk
into a recess in the fore end of the mould board; a circular nut fixes the
bolt in its place, such circular nut being received into a recess in the
frame on the land side of the plough. 'A land side. plate is applied, the
fore end of which is bevilled off, so as to enter a bevilled recess in the
fore part of the frame, so as to produce a level or flush surface, and the
plate is retained in position by means of a turn button or buckle.
I also, according to my Invention, make the beam of the plough in the
form of an inverted trough of wrought iron; this trough I make of the
required form, and with sides varying in depth in different parts, according
to the strain likely to fall upon the said parts.
صدق
Another part of this Invention is applicable to compound ploughs'arranged
to work in both directions, without turning such ploughs, having two shares
and mould boards arranged back to back, or turned in opposite directions;
according to this part of my Invention I make the two soles in connection
with the two mould boards and shares to incline from the points of the shares
slightly downwards towards the centre, and to fill the space which intervenes
between the two bodies with a moveable sole piece, which turns on a central
axis, so that it may be caused to incline in either direction. This moveable,
sole piece of the sole is alternately caused to become a continuation of the two
fixed soles of the two plough bodies;. thus I obtain with this description of
plough the advantage of a long sole, and consequently increased steadiness,.
without making the implement itself so long as to be inconvenient. It is
preferred that the handles of the plough should be so. connected with, the
moveable part of the sole plate, that the act of turning over of the handles

page_text: from one end of the plough to 'the other, may cause the inclination of the
intermediate or moveable part of the sole to be reversed in' its position,
and so become a continuation of the plough, which for a time had been
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Warren in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th December 1862.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
WARREN, of Maldon, in the County of Essex, Implement Manufacturer, send
greeting.
' :
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joseph Warren, Her special licence that I, the said
Joseph Warren, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Joseph Warren, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Joseph Warren, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in tho
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and 'immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Warren, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say: —
This Invention has for its object improvements in ploughs. In order to
attach the share to the body of the plough a screw bolt has in some cases been
employed; it passed through corresponding holes in the share and body in a
direction perpendicular, or nearly so, to the two surfaces it held in contact;

page_text: this arrangement however has disadvantages, unless the share fits the body well
it is not firmly held by the bolt which only serves for a centre for it to work
upon, besides which the nut being vertically under the share is in a part of the
body where there is but little space, so that it is somewhat difficult to get at.
Now, according to this Invention, I make the bolt, which is bent at its forward
end, to pass through the body in a horizontal or nearly horizontal direction,
the hole in the share and that in the body being so formed as to admit of
this arrangement. The screwing up of the bolt tends to draw the share
on to the fore part of the body until it finds firm bearing points; besides
which the bolt being necessarily longer than before to enable it to pass
from the share through the fore sheaf or frame of the body, the nut
comes to a part of the body where there is more room for it, and where
consequently it will be more easily got at. The head of the bolt is bevilled
on the face to correspond with the upper surface of the share, and the hole
through the upper surface of the share is inclined or bevilled in such manner
as to admit of the bent end of the bolt being received into the bevilled hole
in the share. The mould board is fixed to the fore sheaf or frame of the
body by means of a screw bolt the head of which is sunk into a recess in the
fore end of the mould board; a circular nut fixes the bolt in its place, such
circular nut being received into a recess in the frame. On the land side of
the plough a land side plate is applied, the fore end of which is bevilled off so
as to enter a bevilled recess in the fore part of the frame so as to produce a
level or flush surface, and the plate is retained in position by means of a
turn button or buckle.
I also, according to my Invention, make the beam of the plough in the form
of an inverted trough of wrought iron; this trough I make of the required
form and with sides varying in depth in different parts according to the strain
likely to fall upon the said parts.
Another part of this Invention is applicable to compound ploughs arranged
to work in both directions without turning such ploughs, having two shares
and mould boards arranged back to back or turned in opposite directions.
According to this part of my Invention I make the two soles in connection
with the two mould boards and shares to incline from the points of the
shares slightly downwards towards the centre and to fill the space which
intervenes between the two bodies with a moveable sole piece which turns on
a central axis so that it may be caused to incline in either direction. This
moveable sole piece of the sole is alternately caused to become a continuation
of the two fixed soles of the two plough bodies. Thus I obtain with this

page_text: description of plough the advantage of a long sole and consequently increased
steadiness without making the implement itself so long as to be inconvenient.
It is preferred that the handles of the plough should be so connected with the
moveable part of the sole plate that the act of turning over of the handles from
one end of the plough to the other may cause the inclination of the inter-
mediate or moveable part of the sole to be reversed in its position and so
become a continuation of the plough which for a time had been out of action and
which in the next bout is to be the plough in action.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows separate views of the share; Figure 2 shows two views of
the screw bolt used in fixing the share to the body of the plough; Figure 3
shows the land side, Figure 4 the furrow side of the frame or body of the
plough separately; Figure 5 shows a side elevation of a plough having my
improvements applied thereto; Figure 6 is a plan thereof; Figure 7 shows
another side elevation of the plough taken on the land side; Figure 8 shows
two views of the mould board; Figure 9 shows the land side plate separately;
Figure 10 shows two views of the slipe, and Figure 11 shows two views of the
lower part of the framing of the body to which the slipe is fixed by two screw.
bolts as shown in the Drawing.
a is the share the form of which may be varied, but in order that it may
be fixed to the fore end of the body of the plough it is formed with a
countersunk hole at 6, of a suitable form to receive the head c¹ of the screw
bolt c which is fixed in position by means of "the screw nut c². The screw
bolt c passes through the hole 6 in the share and through the holes d, d, in the
fore part of the body of the plough and is made fast by the screw nut c².
The fore end of the mould board e is fixed to the body of the plough by means
of a screw bolt e¹, and nut e³, which passes through a hole in the fore end of
mould board. The hole in the mould board through which the screw
bolt e passes is countersunk so as to receive the head of the screw bolt.
The nut e², by which the screw bolt e¹ is fixed to the body of the plough,
is circular, and there is a circular recess formed in the fore part of the
body of the plough on the land side to receive such nut flush with the
plate h applied on the land side of the body of the plough. The hinder end
of the mould board is fixed to the hinder frame f of the plough body by means
of a screw.bolt and nut g. The hole through which the screw bolt 9 passes
L

page_text: is countersunk to receive the head of the screw bolt g. By thus countersinking
the holes in the mould board, and forming the heads of the screw bolts to fit
the same, the exterior surface of the mould board and the heads of the screw
bolts by which it is fixed are all flush. The land side plate h is formed with
a neb or projection i, and the fore end of this plate is bevilled off in order
that it may enter a bevilled recess in the fore part of the body of the plough
so that when in position the land side plate h will be flush with the fore end
of the body of the plough as is shown in the Drawings. The neb i on the
land side plate / rests against the upright hollow projections on the lower part of
the framing j, of the plough, and the land side plate h is retained in position
by the turnbuckle k. The beam 1, 1, is made in the form of an inverted
trough of iron or wood, the mode of constructing this inverted trough beam
may be varied, but I prefer it to be of wrought iron and to be formed in one
piece or in more than one combined together by screw bolts and nuts or by
rivets; Figure 12 shows an elevation of a plough on the land side, and
Figure 13 shows an elevation of the same plough on the furrow side. This
plough is arranged with two ploughs back to back in order that it may not
be required to turn at the end of each bout. The frame or body A to
which the two shares B and C and the two mould boards D and E are fixed,
is at its upper part fixed to a short beam F. The two ploughs are to be
of any ordinary construction; G is a moveable land side plate which closes
the frame or body of the plough on the land side; H is a moveable sole piece
intermediate of the short sole pieces I and J of the two ploughs. This
moveable sole plate is arranged to move on an axis at K. so that it may be
made to incline in either direction. L, L, are two rods the lower ends of which
are attached to the moveable sole plate. At the upper ends these rods are
bent over in such manner that the handles M, M, of the compound plough
may rest on one and under the other of the bent upper ends of the rods L,
by which the moveable sole plate will be reversed in position, when the
compound plough comes to the end of a bout by the simple turning over of the
handles M, which when turned over are to be held in position by any suitable
catch or stop.
Having thus described the nature of my. Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is,-
First, the mode herein-described of fixing a plough share to the body of
a plough.
Secondly, I claim the mode herein described of fixing the mould board and
land side plate, also the construction of the frame in connection therewith.

page_text: Thirdly, I claim the inverted or trough like beam and handles of ploughs
herein described.
And, fourthly, I claim the construction herein described of a compound plough
with moveable sole plate intermediate of two fixed sole plates as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Warren, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JOSEPH WARREN. (L.s.)