matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James West and James Fish at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1881.
JAMES WEST and JAMES FISU, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Mill Managers. " IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to improved construction and combination of mechanism
for actuating the taking up roller, or roller on which the cloth as woven is
wound.
Apparatus for purpose as aforesaid constructed according to this our said
Invention comprise a series of gearing, in conjunction with which is an adjustable
paul or actuating catch, the paul or catch being set or adjusted in relation to the
gearing for actuating the taking up roller so as to move the said roller more
or less according to the take up necessary, or as the class of cloth being woven may
require.
On the crank shaft is a gear wheel driving a second gear wheel on one end of a
stud attached to the frame of the loom, on the other end of the said stud is a disc
and slot in which is held a pin or stud on which is a paul or actuating catch; the
latter is readily adjusted by bolt or nut and the slot of the disc, and by means of
a slot in the arm of the paul in relation to a catch wheel so that as the paul be
nearer or further from the axis of the catch wheel the paul will at each forward
movement actuate the catch wheel more or less, and as the catch wheel is by
intermediate gear connected with the axis of the cloth roller so will the taking up
bo regulated and determined at pleasure.
A NEW MIXTURE OR PREPARATION TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Anderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1881.
JAMES ANDERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"A NEW MIXTURE OR PREPARATION TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE."
This Invention relates to a new mixture or preparation to be used as a substitute
for coffee as a beverage.
The Invention consists essentially in adding to or mixing with ordinary coffee
or mixtures of coffee and chicory, a quantity of ground locusts or sweet pods of
the carob tree (commercially known as algaroba or carob bean, vulgarly known as
St.. John's bread, the ceratonia siliqua of Linnaeus) to form the new coffee
preparation or substitute for coffee.
In carrying out the Invention the locust or algaroba bean or pod is minced small,
roasted and ground like ordinary coffee, or dried and then ground, or pulverised
to a granular state, a little coarser than ordinary ground coffee.
This material is then mixed in varying proportions with coarsely ground coffee,
then further dried and the mixture ground to the desired degree of fineness ready
The seeds of the locust pods are also by preference ground separately
and mixed with the coffee.
for use.
The proportion of ground algaroba or carob pods and beans to the coffee
employed in the new mixture may vary greatly according to the quality of coffee
with which the locust material is mixed, and the quality of the new mixture to be
produced for use as a beverage. A small proportion of ground chicory may or may
not be added to the mixture.
The decoction or infusion prepared from this new mixture is superior in quality,
and is less costly than as prepared from pure coffee or ordinary mixtures of coffee
and chicory.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND GLAZING OF WINDOWS AND SASHES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Crocker Cross at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February 1881.
BENJAMIN CROCKER CROSS, of Dewsbury, in the West Riding of the County of
York, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND GLAZING OF
WINDOWS AND SASHES."
The object of the Invention is to fix glass in windows or sashes of all descriptions
without the use of putty, and in such manner that the glass can be taken out and
put back with the greatest ease, to effect which object I have the sash bars made
in two parts, namely, the upper or outer part, and the lower or inner part, the
former being a fixture and the latter being moveable, but is securely attached to the
former by means of thumbscrews. The inside face of the upper or outer part is
rebated for the purpose of keeping the glass in position laterally. Small springs
are attached to the inside face of the upper or outer part, these are brought
forward when the glass is put in position and prevents the glass from leaving the
rebates. The lower or inner part is then put on; this lower or inner part is double
grooved in order to pass away any water that may find its way into same; small
stops are put in the sides of the rebates to prevent the glass from sliding down
the rebates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Friend Bell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1881.
JOSEPH FRIEND BELL, of Crown Brewery, Parsons Green, Fulham, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES."
My Invention has for its object the construction of horse shoes, the wearing
surface of which is provided with two, three, or more rows or sets of pointed
projections of different heights, so that on first wearing the shoe the horse shall be
afforded a firm hold on the ground by the projections of greatest height, while as
these become worn and consequently do not afford the horse so firm a hold, the
points of the projections of less height will come in contact with the ground and
thus increase the hold again. By preference I make the shoe with an inner and
outer row of projections of equal height, so as to afford the shoe a firm bearing,
and of a middle row of a less height, which will come into action when the two
outer rows are worn down. Or the two outer rows may consist of projections of
the greatest height alternating with projections of a somewhat less height, while
the middle row of projections have a still less height than the latter. The
projections are by preference a pyramidal shape, so that the outer surface of the
outer row will be bevilled or sloped inwards, and thus prevent any liability of the
sharp points injuring the horse in crossing when turning round.
AN IMPROVED RANGE-FINDER FOR ASCERTAINING DISTANCES AT SEA OR ON LAND
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Hart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1881.
GEORGE WILLIAM HART, of No. 22, Ordnance Row, Portsea, in the County of
Hants. "AN IMPROVED RANGE-FINDER FOR ASCERTAINING DISTANCES AT SEA
OR ON LAND.”
The range-finder is constructed that the distances of objects may be determined
with great accuracy by one operator without the help of an assistant. Upon a
metal quadrant I place two wires vertically, so that one can be made partially to
rotate round the other side which is fixed and stationary. A prism is employed
to obtain a view of the object in an oblique direction, and then by comparing the
object shewn in this manner with the object seen direct, I am able by means of the
quadrant on which the wires are fixed to measure a chord of the circle, the distance
of which is the radius, and thereby enabling the operator to read off the length of
such radius, which is the distance sought for. The range finder may be made of
various sizes, and either binocular or monocular, according to the uses for which it
may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dewhirst at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1881.
WILLIAM DEWHIRST, of the Central Mills, Bradford, in the County of York,
Spinner and Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING TEXTILE FABRICS."
My Invention relates to a new method of weaving textile cloths of mohair,
alpaca, worsted, or other wool with cotton, and with two treadle looms only, and.
instead of having the present cotton warps length wise of the piece or cloth, and
the weft across the piece, I make the warps of the yarns of mohair, alpaca, worsted,
and of other wools, and place them lengthwise of the piece and weave in the weft,
which in my case is of cotton, and which weft is woven across the piece.
The present plan of weaving mixed fabrics, that is to say, mohair, alpaca, worsted,
and other wool and cotton goods, is by winding the cotton warps on the warp beam
of the loom and passed lengthwise of the piece, and the wefts of mohair, alpaca,
worsted, or spun from any kind of wool, across the piece by the shuttle.
By my new method of weaving, I make the warps of yarns, either of mohair,
alpaca, worsted, or other wools, which are wound on the warp beam of the loom,
and made the length of the piece, and such yarns are spun in the usual way, and
afterwards placed on a warping machine, for the purpose of preparing them
for the warp beam of the loom, and when the warps of either of the said yarns
are beamed, they are placed in a two treadle loom, and worked in the usual way;
the weft, which is according to my Invention of cotton, is wound either on a
tube or on a bobbin, and placed in the shuttle to be woven across the piece in the
usual way.
By these means I produce brilliancy and lustre on textile fabrics hereinbefore
named, superior to that obtained by the old process of weaving.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brenton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1881.
WILLIAM BRENTON, of Polbathic, St. Germans, in the County of Cornwall,
Agricultural Implement Maker. “IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES."
This Invention relates to the improvements, hereinafter described, in horse rakes.
In carrying out my Invention I provide simple and efficient means for turning
the rake, and for automatically fixing and holding it in position after it has been
turned. For this purpose I employ a flanged boss fastened to the beam, the flange of
the boss being cut or formed on its opposite sides with two curved notches forming
teeth; the handle is also connected to the boss and is provided with a weighted or
spring pivotted double catch so arranged that if the handle be raised, one end of
the catch takes into one of the notches in the hereinbefore described flange so as to
turn over the rake, and the handle being lowered the other end of the catch
automatically takes into the lower notch in the flange so as to fix the rake, this
arrangement allows of the two handles being connected together. I also bolt the
shoe to the said flange, thereby increasing the strength of the rake.
For the purpose of strengthening the teeth of the rake and to allow of their
being more simply and easily fixed to the beam than hitherto, I construct them of
the shape of two round bars connected by a flat web.
I construct the draught attachment of two bosses divided or not and passed over
the beam of the rake so as to be capable of rotating thereon, and divided by means
of a fixed collar for keeping the support on the beam; to the bosses are attached
the draught stays or bars which may be constructed of a kind of fork in one piece,
or of two parts rivetted together at the front and provided with the usual means
of attachment for the horses. The handles may be attached in a similar manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STANDARD WEIGHTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parnall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1881.
WILLIAM PARNALL, of Victoria Street, in the City and County of Bristol.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STANDARD WEIGHTS."
My Invention consists in improvements in weights, and consists mainly in
nickel plating iron weights, that is to say, I first make a weight of cast iron, or of
any other iron, such as wrought iron, or malleable iron or steel, but I prefer cast
iron, this metal being best adapted to the purpose. After making the said weight
or weights of iron or steel, I subject them to the ordinary process of nickel plating,
by which plating the weights are secured against rust, and are less liable to alter
in weight than ordinary iron weights not plated. The nickel plating process
effectually prevents dirt or fatty substances from adhering to the metal, thereby
rendering the said weights more convenient and useful for the ordinary purposes
of trade and commerce.
COMBINATION FURNITURE." "IMPROVED
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Bonduel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1881.
LÉON BONDUEL, Engineer, of Paris (96, Rue Nollet), in France.
COMBINATION FURNITURE."
"IMPROVED
The improvement consists in the combination in one piece of furniture of a
cupboard, looking glass, washing stand, W.C., and bath, and is performed as
follows: The linen cupboard is placed in the upper part of the furniture; it is
closed by a folding door, and contains three compartments provided with shelves.
The washing stand is placed in the central part and is opened downwards like a
writing desk; on its bottom is a compartment with shelves. The lid of the wash
stand can form a table and is furnished with a looking glass, whose outlines fit
into those of the basin. The basin is held by two pivots, which admit of turning
it when required to be emptied. The water falls into a receptacle placed underneath
and passes through pipes to a reservoir in the interior of the cupboard. Around
the basin there are small fixed receptacles to contain hair-tooth-and nail-brushes-
soap, sponges, etc.
The
The W.C. is placed in the lower part of the furniture and is opened in the same
manner as the wash stand. It is provided with a basin, which empties itself,
then the lid is shut, or which may be taken out in order to empty it when the
W.C. is used. Both washing stand and W.C. get the necessary water through pipes
from a reservoir on the top of the furniture. On both sides of the W.C. there are
two boxes for chambers and utensils. On the back of the door of the furniture
there is a bath suspended vertically. It surrounds the outer part of the cupboard
and wash stand. The bathing apparatus is supported below by two hinges and
held up by a hook and chin, which is wound off by a gearing crank.
unrolling chain allows the oathing apparatus to descend_horizontally, and when
unhooked and pulled of its hinges it is quite free. In the inner part of the
cupboard place a system of shower baths. The watering rose is fastened to the
ceiling beneath the reservoir, and communicates with it through a pipe provided
with a key to regulate the fall of the water. Another rose may be placed in the
bottom of the furniture to allow of taking ascending shower baths. A perforated
chair mounting and descending, and fixed to the bottom, is intended for taking the
shower baths sitting. On the top there is a basin which occupies the whole width
and depth of the furniture. A pump lifts the water up, and the pipe has a tap to
allow of emptying the basin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING BOTTOMS FOR BEDS, SOFAS, AND OTHER FURNITURE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hartwell A. Dalrymple at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1881.
HARTWELL A. DALRYMPLE, of Gardner, in the County of Worcester and State
of Massachusetts, one of the United States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPRING BOTTOMS FOR BEDS, SOFAS, AND OTHER FURNITURE."
This Invention relates particularly to spring bed-bottoms, although the same
principle may be used in the spring-bottoms of sofas and other furniture.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a number of main longi-
tudinal slats, to which are secured upright helical springs in any desired number.
I also provide cross slats extending from one outer main slat to the other.
Supplemental slats are suspended from the said springs upon the outer main slats
by means of short chains. Longer chains connect the end springs with the slats
by means of hooks or similar devices driven into said slats. Both sets of chains
in passing from the slats over the outer coils of the springs have curved tubes
thrust through one of their links, such tubes being placed upon the outer coils of
the springs for the purpose of protecting them from injury on account of the
pressure of the chains, and said links being enlarged if desired for the purpose of
embracing the tubes. The chains having passed over or around the outer coils
catch in the innermost coils of the springs, which may also be supplied with tubes
if desired. Horizontal spiral springs connect the upright helical springs longi-
tudinally and transversely, catching in their inner coils by means of hooked ends.
These horizontal springs may be made with the end portion of the spring wound
around a cone grooved for the purpose, and the whole surrounded by a wrapper to
prevent the spring from uncoiling, or they may be without the cone and wrapper.
By means of the aforesaid chains the supplemental slats, which can be easily
secured to the side-rails of a bedstead, the horizontal springs are kept tense, and
the helical springs are prevented from being drawn inwardly.
I provide horizontal, longitudinal, and transverse bands, ordinarily of leather,
and usually about one and one-half inches broad, each of which extends from an
outer horizontal spiral spring midway between the two next helical springs,
alternately over and under the intersecting bands, to the opposite outer horizontal
spring. These bands may be secured directly to the horizontal springs, but in

page_text: order to prevent injury to the springs they are preferably secured by means of
hooks to guard-rings or ferrules placed upon the horizontal springs. In place of
leather bands, bands or connections of textile material may be used, or chains or
any flexible but non-elastic connections.
The bands are easily unhooked, the horizontal chains readily uncaught, the 5
ferrules slipped off, and the chains even removed for shipping purposes.
The whole bed-bottom, as above constructed, is singularly easy, and yet firm
and tense.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HANGING CARCASES IN MARKETS AND SLAUGHTER HOUSES."
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Parker Milbourne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1881.
.
JOHN PARKER MILBOURNE of Manchester in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HANGING CARCASES IN MARKETS AND
SLAUGHTER HOUSES."
This Invention applies specially to markets and slaughter-houses wherein the
carcases are transported hoisted, and hung according to an Invention for which
John Meiklejon of Dalkeith obtained Letters Patent dated September 21st
A.D. 1867 No. 2663, and the object of the Invention is to economize space by
giving facility for hanging twice the number of carcases upon the same rails
without making any alteration in the rails themselves.
In addition to the ordinary hooks or hangers for suspending the carcases I
provido a similar number of auxiliary hooks or hangers constructed in the following
manner.
Each hook or hanger consists of an open loop provided with two arms extending
upwards in a V-shape, and each formed at their upper extremities with an eye or
small loop; so that these eyes or small loops can be attached to the same notches
which support the ordinary hooks or hangers, and thus the auxiliary loops will
hang down midway between the ordinary ones and thus allow of double the usual
number of carcases being suspended from the same rails without altering the rails
themselves or any other part of the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY-VALVES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1881. A communication
from abroad by Clement Codron, of Lille, in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SAFETY-VALVES." A communication from abroad by Clement Codron, of Lille,
in the Republic of France.
The improvements consist of a steam-chamber fitted with two equilibrium valves
on one spindle with seatings, between the two valves; two or more escape tubes
are provided. In the upper part of the chamber, and on the same spindle is a valve
fitted with a cylindrical guide and an inverted cup or collar. In its normal
position the upper valve is kept on its seating by a lever and a moveable balanco
weight, and by moving the balance the valve can be set to open at any given
pressure of gas or steam. The equilibrium valves are arranged so that their rise is
limited. Instead of horizontal valves, vertical or slide valves may be used. The
various parts are conveniently made of brass.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUNDS FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Abbott and Frederick
Field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December
1881.
WILLIAM ABBOTT of Dod Street Limehouse in the County of Middlesex and
FREDERICK FIELD of Upper Marsh Lambeth in the County of Surrey.
" AN
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUNDS FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION."
The insulating compound of ozokerit and indiarubber prepared according to
Field and Talling's Patent No. 1938 of 1875 has the disadvantage of being more
or less soft and therefore not suitable for all purposes. Attempts have been made
to vulcanise this compound in the ordinary manner, that is to say, by mixing
therewith the vulcanising agents but this process has been found to deteriorate
the insulating properties of the compound and to interfere with its applicability for
covering wires.
Now according to our present Invention we produce a perfectly vulcanised
covering for telegraph wires and similar purposes, by first covering the wire with
the said compound of ozokerit and indiarubber, and then surrounding such covering
with a layer of india rubber with which an excessive quantity of sulphur or other
vulcanising agent has been incorporated; the compound covering so prepared is
then subjected to heat such as is usually employed for effecting the vulcanising
operation, whereby the compound of ozokerit and indiarubber will become
thoroughly vulcanised by means of the excess of vulcanising material in the
surrounding covering, resulting in the production of an improved insulating
covering consisting of a core or inner layer of vulcanised ozokerit and indiarubber
compound surrounded by an outer covering of vulcanised india rubber.
Although it may be preferable in certain cases to employ pure indiarubber
combined with the vulcanising agent for the said outer covering yet where the
question of cost has to be considered the ordinary compounds of indiarubber
with other materials such as oxide of zinc &c. may be employed in the above
process as the outer covering, combined with the vulcanising agent.
We have described the said improved manufacture as applied to coverings for
telegraph wires; its application to other insulating purposes may be effected in a
similar manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BROOCHES AND ARTICLES," OTHER LIKE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Samuel Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1881.
EDWIN SAMUEL JONES, of Bridgwater, in the County of Somerset, Watch
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BROOCHES AND
ARTICLES,"
OTHER LIKE
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of a fastening for
brooches and other like articles in the manner hereinafter described.
My Invention is especially applicable to brooches, but may also be applied to
other like articles, such for example as solitaires, shirt studs, and articles which are
or may be fastened after the manner of a brooch.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a brooch. The pin of the
brooch is jointed to the back of the brooch in the ordinary way, and the pointed
end of the pin is shut down into a notch or depression in a projecting piece on the
back of the brooch opposite to the joint. At the inner face of the said projecting
piece is a sliding catch, the base of which passes through and works in a slot in
the back of the brooch. The base of the catch is fixed to one end of a spring in
the interior of the brooch, the said spring having a circular, elliptical, or other
figure, according to the shape of the brooch. When the spring is in its normal
position the catch crosses the notch or depression in the projecting piece. On one
side of the brooch and about midway between the hinge and point of the pin is a
pusher, the head of which projects slightly from the side of the brooch. This
pusher is carried by the spring, and when pressed upon causes the end of the
spring carrying the catch to move in the direction proper to withdraw the catch
from the notch in the projecting piece.
The action of the parts is as follows:-
After the pin of the brooch has been passed through the fabric to which the
brooch is to be attached, the body of the brooch is pressed upon it in the usual
way.
The pointed end of the pin enters the notch in the projecting piece, but can only
be pushed home in the said notch by bearing upon the inclined top of the sliding
catch, which is thereby pressed back. Just before the pin reaches the bottom of
the said notch it passes below the level of the catch, when the catch being no
[Price 2d.1

page_text: longer pressed back snaps over the end of the pin. The end of the pin cannot
now rise from the said notch, and the brooch is securely fastened in its place. In
order to unfasten the brooch it is necessary to press upon the pusher when the
spring is compressed, and withdraws the sliding catch, thereby permitting the end
of the pin to rise from the notch in the projecting piece. The brooch is now
unfastened, and the pin can be withdrawn from the dress through which it had
been passed and the brooch removed.
The application of my Invention to solitaires and other articles differs in no
essential respect from its application to brooches.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DRIVING BANDS OR ROPE BELTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Holroyd Smith and Francis
Fleming at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November
1881.
MICHAEL HOLROYD SMITH, Consulting Engineer, and FRANCIS FLEMING,
Leather Belt Manufacturer, both of Halifax, in the County of York. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DRIVING BANDS OR ROPE BELTS."
This Invention relates to the class of leather bands or rope belts used for
transinitting power by means of grooved pulleys, the object being to so construct
driving bands or rope belts for such purposes as to remedy the defect and objection
to driving ropes as heretofore constructed, that is to say, we so construct driving
bands or rope belts as to entirely avoid the loss of power inseparable from forcing
and wedging a rope or band into the groove, and on the withdrawal thereof.
According to this our said Invention we construct driving bands or rope belts
on cross section about equal sides or square, so that in a driving band or rope belt
of, say, one inch square, two of its sides or surfaces will act and bite upon the two
V sides of the grooved pulley, an inch band or belt thus has frictional or driving
surfaces of two inches as distinguished from, say, an inch ○ rope, only a small
proportion of half the circumference of which is available as frictional or driving
surface.
It will be understood that the bands, or rope belts constructed, as herein
described admit of use of the raw edges of the leather equally with the face of
the hide.
The belts or rope are built up of layers, and raw hide is introduced, giving
greatly increased strength, and steel pins or other appliances used for securing the
layers. This section of band or rope belt affords facility of splicing or joining,
securing, absolute equality of strength and uniformity of size or section throughout.
A NOVEL AND EFFECTIVE WAY OF ADVERTISING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Pearson Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1881.
JAMES PEARSON BENNETT, Commission Agent, of No. 23, Lawrence Pountney
Lane, in the City of London. "A NOVEL AND EFFECTIVE WAY OF ADVERTISING."
ע
I employ large or small sheets of paper, which sheets of paper are intended to be
used for a special private purpose. These I propose and intend to sell at a price
less even than the value of plain paper. These sheets of paper will be saturated
with certain chemical solutions found by experience most suitable for the purpose,
and upon one side of each of such sheets will be printed, engraved, embossed,
lithographed, or otherwise set forth an advertisement or series of advertisements,
printed in ink or in any other composition that may be hereafter adopted, care
being taken that such ink or other composition shall be harmless in its action on
the skin. The using of these papers will attract attention to the several
advertisements thereon, and thereby become a new and unique means or medium
for the purpose of advertising.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINFECTANT AND DEODORIZING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Barron at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1881.
HENRY BARRON, of West End Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Sanitary
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINFECTANT AND DEODORIZING APPARATUS
APPLICABLE TO WATERCLOSETS."
My Invention is designed for the purpose of destroying the smell and infectious
germs possibly arising from the soil or excretæ in water closets, or from the soil
pipes, such disinfection and deodorization to take place in the pan immediately
after or during the process of evacuation, and also in the syphon or trap to prevent
smell or infection arising from the drains.
-
My apparatus consists of a cistern of any suitable material and shape placed
above the closet pan and filled with any suitable liquid disinfectant or deodorizer.
From this cistern two pipes lead, one to the upper rim of the closet pan, and the
other to the neck of the syphon under the pan valve, or into the container at the
back of the pan valve, down both of which pipes the disinfectant or deodorizer
falls by its own gravitation.
The orifice of the pipe leading to the upper edge of the pan terminates in such a
manner as to cause the deodorizer to be distributed in a finely divided shower
over the mouth of the pan. Through this deodorizing spray or shower the excretæ
may fall.
The orifice of the other pipe into the neck of the syphon or container may be
plain, but should be turned upwards under the top of the container to deodorize
the whole of the foul air and to cause division in the falling liquid. At the point
where these pipes meet a two way cock is fixed, operated by rods connected to a
lever conveniently placed near the seat of the watercloset.
This lever is so weighted that its normal position is such that the cock is closed.
It is operated by the sitter by any convenient means, such as by the pressure on a
thumb button or nob, which may bear directions how to operate during evacuation.
The result would be an immediate discharge of disinfecting deodorizer upon
whatever may lie in the pan and through the spray of which the falling excreta
would pass; and also a discharge of disinfecting and deodorizing fluid under the
pan valve, so that when the pan valve is raised any possible accumulation of
sewer gas in the syphon under the pan valve has already been disinfected and
leodorized.

page_text: In the case of waterclosets fitted with special flushing cisterns, known as water
waste preventers, I further construct a subsidiary cistern to contain disinfectant
and deodorizing fluid, a small quantity of which is permitted to fall into. the
flushing cistern after each pull of the lever by the action of a connecting rod or
pin to a lever within the subsidiary cistern, operating a valve at the entrance of a
pipe communicating between the two cisterns. The flushing cistern is thus kept
constantly filled with dilute deodorizing and disinfectant fluid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Asquith Fortune at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1881.
"
ASQUITH FORTUNE, of Keighley, in the County of York. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN
WASHING MACHINES."
My Invention has for its object the arrangement of washing machines, in such
a manner that the component parts of the rotary agitator can be secured together
before being placed inside the washing tub, by which the cost of construction is
greatly reduced.
My object is accomplished in the following manner:I form the circular ends
of the agitator with strong sheet galvanized iron, and secure them together with
spindles having collars thereon, the ends of the spindles passing through the circular
end plates, and secured by nuts, that when bolted together the ends are parallel
and true with each other."
On the spindles I place rollers made in halves, and secure them together by hoops,
so that the rollers are free to rotate on the said spindles.
The agitators when constructed are placed inside the washing tub, and secured
to plates having projections thereon forming the axles on which the agitator is made
to rotate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Holding at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1881.
JAMES HOLDING, of Wheelton, near Chorley, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to that class of looms known as "underpick " looms, and
especially to that part of such looms known as the " picking-stick-buffer," which
usually consists of a strap of stout leather, about one foot long by three inches wide
(more or less), strained tight between two brackets, the object of the Invention
being to occupy less space, to form a more efficient buffer, to economize the cost,
and to utilize certain pieces of waste leather for this purpose which have hitherto
been considered almost worthless.
I form my improved picking-stick-buffer from the waste or worn out leather
pickers which have been used in such looms in the following manner :-
I bore a hole sideways through the solid part of each picker and passing a screw
bolt through two or more thereof (as may be required); I bolt them to the frame of
the loom in a horizontal position in such a situation that when the picking stick
strikes its forward edge comes against that part of the outermost picker which
forms the loop. This part of the old pickers, being doubled in the form of a hollow
loop, has a considerable amount of resiliency, and forms a most efficient buffer for
the picking stick. The brackets and the buffer straps are thus dispensed with, and
not only is a very great economy effected in this way, but also the breaking of
the picking sticks by coming against the frame when the buffer straps break is
entirely prevented, as there are always two or more thicknesses of leather between
the picking stick and the loom frame.
In some cases I also further deaden the concussion by placing between the
frames and the buffer a block of wood cut to fit in between the beadings of the
loom frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FELTED AND FULLED MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Beck at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1881. A communication.
from abroad by La Société A. Ruffin et Cic., Manufacturers, at Paris, in the
Republic of France.
WILLIAM HENRY BECK, of 139, Cannon Street, in the City of London,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FELTED AND
FULLED MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, OR FOR OTHER
PURPOSES." [A communication from abroad by La Société A. Ruffin et Cic., at
Paris, in the Republic of France.]
The Invention consists,-
-
Firstly. In applying by batting (bastissage) or any other analogous operation a
covering of wadded silk or silk wadding to felt composed of any material capable
of being fulled.
Second. In afterwards fulling the said felt thus covered, and
Thirdly. In steaming or shrinking (decatir) this covered and fulled felt in the
ordinary way, in order to render the silk floating.
The felted material is made by the ordinary known means and apparatus, wool,
rabbit and hare fur, and other materials that will easily felt and full being
employed.
Upon this felt is applied by batting tho silk, wadded silk, or silk wadding, after
which it is fulled in the ordinary way. When the fulling is completed, the silk
adheres strongly to the felt by one or both ends of the threads.
The action of steaming or shrinking (decatir) which follows, detaches the parts
which are least adherent, and thus render the silk as floating as possible.
The covering of batting (bastissage) may be applied to one or both sides of
the felt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPORTERS OR BREAST SHIELDS FOR THE BUSTS OF WOMEN TO BE APPLIED TO CORSETS, AND WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER BODY-GARMENTS.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charlotta Helena Bradley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1881.
66
CHARLOTTA HELENA BRADLEY, of No. 4, Hanover Street, Hanover Square, in
the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPORTERS OR BREAST SHIELDS
FOR THE BUSTS OF WOMEN TO BE APPLIED TO CORSETS, AND WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER BODY-GARMENTS.'
"
This Invention relates to improvements in breast-shields for the busts of women,
to be applied to corsets and other body garments, such as bustles, chemisettes, and
dresses. I use blocks of wood similar to what are known as "barbers' blocks,"
the top of which is shaped to the required form. I also use a preparation of what
is known as solution of rubber, and this I reduce to the proper strength and sub-
stance by mixing with it benzoline oil. I then take a piece of twill or other thin
fabric which I stretch over the top of the wooden block above described, fastening
the twill or other fabric to the sides of the block by nails or other suitable attach-
ments. I next rub into the twill or other thin fabric, so as to well damp it, a
sufficient quantity of the said solution, and over this I place one or more thin layers
of cork or felt, which I work with my hands or other suitable appliances into the
required shape. After this operation I again apply the aforesaid solution, and over
it I apply a solution of gum. I then cover the whole with another piece of twill
or other thin fabric, as in the first described operation. If extra substance be
desired I add another thin layer of cork or felt prepared with the solution as
hereinbefore described, and covered as herein before next described. The block with
my Invention attached thereto is then placed in a stove or heating apparatus until
sufficiently dry, when my Invention is taken off the block; the edges are trimmed
to the proper shape, and a sufficient number of holes is perforated in the body
thereof to admit an even amount of ventilation to the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS PRESSURE ACCUMULATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1881.
A communication by Wilhem Klinkerfues, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor
and Director of the Royal Observatory at Gottingen, in the German Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL Civil Engineer and Patent Agent in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS PRESSURE ACCUMULATORS."
A communication by Wilhelm Klinkerfues, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor and
Director of the Royal Observatory at Gottingen, in the German Empire.
This apparatus has for its object the accumulation of power produced by a
number of repeated and momentaneous risings risings of the gas-pressure of a conduit
of gas which power may be used for regulating and altering the flow of gas to the
burners of lamps and for other purposes.
The apparatus consists of two concentrical cylindrical vessels each filled to a
certain height with a liquid not freezing at the open atmosphere as for instance
petroleum. The inner vessel is suspended into the other and both vessels are closed
by a cover or covers at the top but the cover of the inner vessel communicates by
a slot with the outer atmosphere. Through the outer reservoir and between the
space between both vessels is passed and is entered from below a pipe communi-
cating with the gas of the conduit. This pipe terminates above the column of
liquid contained in the outer reservoir or vessel.
The inner vessel has two bottoms arranged at a certain distance one above the
other the upper bottom contains a light small valve whilst the outer or lower
bottom is closed by a valve of likewise small weight but of large diameter compared
to the aforesaid valve. Above the upper bottom and a certain distance apart a
diaphragm of soft material as for example leather closes the inner vessel and this
diaphragin is at its upper side in connection with a forked lever acted upon
by the free end of a flat spring the other end of which is fastened to the cover of
the vessel.
The action of the apparatus is as follows each rising of gas-pressure is trans-
mitted to the surface of the column of liquid in the outer vessel and both bottom
valves are each time lifted and at same time liquid is forced into the inner
vessel.

page_text: The diaphragm is consequently raised and likewise the spring by means of the
forked lever. By repeated momentary and very small risings of pressure which do
not influence the lights or lamps, a considerable pressure can be accumulated upon
the diaphragm and if the spring is constructed in such manner that at a certain
time when it has been raised and tensioned sufficiently the free end slips off from
the forked lever the latter flings upward and this way of the forked lever may
by a ratchet wheel or other mechanical arrangement be used for producing motion
as example the turning of a tap for regulating the flow of gases or liquids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENT AND TAP HOLE FITTINGS FOR CASKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Kenyon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1881.
JOHN WILLIAM KENYON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENT AND TAP HOLE FITTINGS FOR CASKS."
My Invention relates principally to the casks in which liquor is stored or
supplied, and has for its principal objects to facilitate the "tapping" and to prevent
the free communication at times between the outer air and the interiors of the
casks. In the first place I provide the tap hole with a fitting which is provided
with an elastic mouth-piece which projects towards the interior of the cask and is
formed to be self-closing. When the tap is introduced the said mouth-piece
expands to receive the part of the tap which enters the cask, and by tightly
embracing the saine prevents the escape of liquor. When the tap is withdrawn
the said mouth-piece closes so as to prevent the ingress, of air and the discharge of
dregs. The said mouth piece is made of vulcanized caoutchouc, or of other suitable
material, and the mouth is formed to contract towards a centre point or is formed
with lips which meet when the tap is removed, or is formed with six meeting
surfaces, as in the case of a "leech-bite" aperture, or is otherwise suitably formed.
The said mouth piece is preferably secured in the tap hole by means of a metal
ferule. To sustain and strengthen the said mouth piece I may employ a metal
spring envelope, which is formed to follow up the mouth-piece when it contracts,
and may also employ an outer encircling elastic or spring ring. In the second
place I provide the cask with a vent valve which may remain as a permanent
fitting. I form the seating of the valve in a piece which is screwed or otherwise
fixed in the cask and is formed to be flush with or only to slightly project from the
cask side or end. The valve is pressed outwardly to close the passage by means of
a perforated cap of vulcanized caoutchouc or of a spring, and is opened by
pressing upon a button which is within a recess in the valve piece, or the spring
may be adapted to yield to the external pressure caused by the withdrawal of
liquor by the pump in cases wherein the liquor is so withdrawn. I may otherwise
modify the details of the valve so long as it remains a permanent fitting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING LAND
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edmund Crossby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1881.
WILLIAM EDMUND CROSSBY, of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING LAND."
This Invention has for its object the digging of land by steam, manual, or other
motive power.
This improved construction and arrangement of digging machine advantageously
consists of a portable or traction steam engine and boiler combined with digging
tools or instruments attached at one end.
The engine may be vertical, horizontal, or of any other design most suitable for
the size and construction of the machine required, being made of any suitable
width. All the parts of the digging apparatus are so arranged that any of them
can be taken off, exchanged, or removed when required.
The required speeds for the digging apparatus as well as for locomotion are
obtained by means of intermediate shafts in the usual manner.
The machine is steered in like manner to a traction engine or by an ordinary
boiler and engine mounted on a frame, and the digging apparatus may consist of
any suitable number of forks, spades, or tines, according to the size of the machine
employed and the nature of the ground to be dug.
The forks, spades, or tines a (represented in the Drawings annexed) move up
and down, and are guided in side frames b or other motion bars either by means of
a rack and cog wheel, eccentric cam, or by cranks c, and connecting rods & actuated
from an intermediate shaft e, or otherwise.
Upon the head of each of the forks a a grooved pulley a' is mounted, being
governed by an adjustable guide 6 attached to the side plate or frame b.
After the forks, tines, or spades have entered the ground at any suitable angle
and to the required depth (which may be regulated) the earth is turned over, this
action being effected by the head of the forks, tines, or spades being stopped or
arrested by the bottom of the motion bars, side plates 6, or otherwise, before the
racks or cranks have attained their maximum length of stroke.
The side frames 6 are so arranged that the depth of the spit can be regulated by
the connecting rods d or by other means capable of adjustment, such as by raising
and lowering either the steering or travelling wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MARKING AND INDICATING THE LENGTH OF YARN ON WEAVERS' BEAMS
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Hitchon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1881.
ALFRED HITCHON, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MARKING AND INDICATING THE LENGTH OF
YARN ON WEAVERS' BEAMS."
This Invention has for its object the construction and use of improved apparatus
for purposes as aforesaid.
According to this my said Invention I employ a revolving disc, wheel, or other
like appliance, to which is attached or applied figures or letters; & presser operated
by lever and tapped or can is caused at intervals to descend and press the yarn
between the figures or letters which having been supplied with ink or coloring
inatter, mark and indicate the length of warp on the beam.