Improvements in Mantles for Incandescent Lighting.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Dec., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 19th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 28th Oct., 1899
Improvements in Mantles for Incandescent Lighting.
I, HANS KAYSER, of 55B, Kopenickerstrasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
Empire of Germany, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of mantles for incan-
descent lighting, and has for its object to render such mantles more adaptable
for use in connection with gas flames of a low pressure, and in which perfect
combustion is not attained, and consequently a large per-centage of carbon deposit
or soot results, such for instance as in lamps in which the illuminant is conveyed
to the point of combustion by a wick, the main feature of my said invention con-
sisting in the formation of the head of the mantle different to that of the body,
and providing braces for connecting the one to the other, the interstitial aper-
tures between the said braces forming exits or outflows for the gases moving
within the mantle.
I have found by experiment that cylindrical mantles as at present made and
used are attended with considerable inconveniences, and are not suitable for
flames of this type, for the reason, that such mantles do not correspond to the
shape of the flame, with the result that only a small portion of the mantle becomes
incandescent. I have also found in practice that mantles for such low pressure
burners should not have their meshes arranged laterally or running around the
mantle, as these, when so provided, permit the formation of inclined or horizon-
tal tongues of flame, which are conducive to the damage or destruction of the
mantle.
To obviate the above disadvantages I weave, knit, crochet, or otherwise pro-
duce a mantle of suitable material and formation, in which the meshes in the
body are of different formation to, and may be larger or smaller or both than
those in the top or head of the mantle, the said top portion being provided with
certain larger meshes through which the current of gas may freely pass out of the
mantle, without its direction being substantially altered.
The small vertical bars of threads of fabric dividing the said larger meshes
from each other, form the braces or connections which bind the said top to the
body of the mantle, and may, without diminishing their action as boundaries
for the said larger apertures, be strong enough to afford ample security for the
solid support or suspension of the whole fabric, and I may find it preferable or
desirable to make the fabric with wider or larger meshes near the said braces or
their apertures than in the body of the mantle itself.
Dated this 20th day of December 1808
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I, HANS KAYSER, of 55B, Kopenickerstrasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
Empire of Germany, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: —
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of mantles for in-
candescent lighting, and has for its object to render such mantles of greater
durability or wear, and more adaptable for use in connection with flames of low
pressure, and in which perfect combustion is not attained with the result that a
large per centage of carbon deposit collects or accumulates upon the mantle to
the detriment of its incandescence, the low pressure flames referred to being such
for instance as in lamps in which the illuminant is conveyed to the point of com-
bustion by a wick or wicks, the main feature of my improvements consisting in
the formation of the head or upper portion of the mantle different to that of the
lower end or body, and in the means for connecting the one part to the other,
and in the provision of interstitial apertures operating as exits or overflows for
the gases moving within the mantle.
I have found by experiment that the mantles as at present made and used are
attended with considerable inconveniences, and are unsuitable for flames of the
type referred to for the reason that the shape and configuration of such mantles
do not correspond, or readily adapt themselves to the shape of the flame, while
the size, shape and disposition of the meshes of the mantle tend to confine the
gases therein, more especially at its upper end, with the result that only a small
portion of the mantle becomes incandescent. I have also found in practice that
mantles for such low pressure burners should not have their meshes arranged
laterally, or running round the mantle, as these when so arranged permit or
encourage the formation of horizontal tongues of flame which tend to damage
and shorten the life of the mantle.
In the accompanying drawings I have shewn (merely as an example) an enlarged
or exaggerated view of the upper portion of a mantle constructed substantially
according to my invention, such portion serving to illustrate the said improve-
ments.
For the purposes of my invention I knit, weave, crochet, or otherwise produce
of any suitable material a mantle having vertical meshes of varying formation,
according as it may be intended for use with low pressure lamps having single
or duplex flat or circular or cylindrical wicks, the meshes A in the body of which
are of different formation to, and may be larger or smaller, or larger and smaller
than those B at the top or head of same, the latter being provided with an inter-
laced loop C for suspending the mantle upon the crutch of the burner in the
usual way.
At a suitable distance below the head B meshes B₁ are provided which I prefer
shall be slightly larger than those in B and in these I provide any number of
larger meshes or apertures D, through which the gas or gases in the mantle may
escape or exude, the small bars or threads of fabric E dividing the meshes or
apertures D from each other, also serving as ties or braces for connecting the
meshes or portions B and A with each other, and may, without in any way
lessening their action as bounderies for the apertures 1) be strong enough to
support or suspend the whole of the fabric below them, and may find it prefer-
able or desirable to provide meshes F slightly larger than B¹ or A and near to and
above or below the meshes D).

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: -
An incandescent mantle for low pressure burners in which the fabric is com-
posed of vertical meshes of various sizes, the upper end being provided with
abnormally large apertures D, substantially as described and shewn.
Dated this 19th day of September 1899.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.