IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Charles Warlich, of Suffolk Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentlenian, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GENERATING STEAM."
Sealed the 19th December 1854, and dated the 24th October 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1854.
I, FERDINAND CHARLES WARLICH, of Suffolk Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:—
This Invention is peculiarly applicable to boilers with tubular flues, and
consists of employing fluid iron in combination with phosphorous, sal-ammoniac,
sulphur, and fluxes, as the means of producing the requisite heat in the tubeş
for evaporating the water which surrounds them. For this purpose, a com
position consisting of melted iron, phosphorous, sal-ammoniac, sulphur, and
fluxes is introduced into metal tubes, which will fit within the tubular flues of
the boiler, and these combined matters will for a time give off considerable
heat, and evaporate the water in the boiler. It is not essential that all the
ingredients above mentioned should be used together, but it is preferred that
such should be the case.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ferdinand Charles Wariich in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th April 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FERDINAND
CHARLES WARLICH, of Suffolk Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Ferdinand Charles Warlich, Her special licence that I, the said Ferdinand
Charles Warlich, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich; my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make.
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GENERATING STEAM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be, filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention consists of employing tubular heaters (containing fluid,
now combined with other matters), which are introduced into the tubular
flues of steam boilers, or the tubular flues of other forms of vessels used
for boiling or evaporating water or other fluids. For this purpose, strong
iron tubes are used for the heaters, one end of each of which is closed,
the other end of each of which is opened, to admit of being filled, as here-
after explained, and of being closed by a screw plug or by a cap when filled;
these tubes or heaters are made of such size as to fit closely the tubular flues
of the steam or other boilers or vessels in which they are to be used, admitting,
however, of such heaters being drawn out and slided into such tubular flues
with facility. The heaters are lined with loam, mixed and prepared as usual

page_text: in foundries, before they are filled with melted materials or compound hereafter
stated, or the loam lining may have mixed therewith graphit; the loam,
whether mixed or not, being made into the consistency of dough or a stiff*
cream, and applied so as to get a good coating of about one-eighth of an inch
thick to the interior of each of the tubes or heaters. These tubular heaters.
when in use are filled with a melted composition, prepared in the following.
manner-
to per cent. of saltpetre,
39.
to
1 per cent.
..of sulphur,
of gypsum,
all in a powdered state, to one hundredweight of melted iron; the three first
being previously mixed by itself with water, and allowed to set and dry into a
hard stony mass, which is then broken into small pieces or powder. To give
this material or compound a higher degree of hardness, and to withstand
a higher temperature -before melting, the gypsum may be roasted with
about ten per cent. of alum in: an iron. pot or vessel, or in an ordinary
crucible used for melting metals to a red heat in an even temperature;
then this is mixed in a powdered state with the saltpetre and sulphur, as
before mentioned, and stirred well with a solution of alum, the latter being
about one-thirteenth or one-fourteenth part, and cast into cakes not exceed-
ing the thickness of half an inch. When perfectly set and dry, it is packed
in casks or boxes to prevent access of moisture, and is ready for use when
required, either broken up in small particles or powder. The quantity of
cast iron to be used is melted in a small portable or fixed cupola furnace, into
which the materials of the compound above described are stirred, and then the
melted metal is run into the tubes or heaters, care being taken to keep
the atmosphere from contact with the melted metal as much as possible. The
iron most suitable for the mixture or compound I have found to be grey iron,
No. 1, of coarse grain, also iron called cold short iron. The tubes or heaters
as they are filled and closed are introduced into the tubular flues of the boiler
or vessel containing the fluid to be boiled or evaporated. By these means
heat will be applied with greater advantage than heretofore; and when the
composition in the heaters have parted with its heat, the heaters are to be
removed, and fresh ones introduced into the tubular flues in their place. The
composition in cooling and setting will be found to contract, and will con-
sequently readily come out of the heaters, and may be again broken up and
melted, and prepared for further use. In regard to the cupola furnace used for
smelting the metal, I recommend the furnace not to exceed the height above
four feet on board ship, and two feet in diameter, tapering towards the top;

page_text: but when anthracite coal is used instead of coke, it should be at least
two and a half feet diameter. The lining inside should be from nine to
twelve inches, avoiding, however, the use of iron and lime in such lining. On
board ship the cupola is best to be topped by a sheet-iron bell-shaped cover,
with a common pipe as a mouth-piece, to lead the hot gases off. I would
remark that although I have been particular in mentioning the quantities
or proportions of the materials used by me, I do not confine myself thereto.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
F. C. WARLICH. (L.S.)