IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SHAPING, DRILLING, BORING, AND FACING METALS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for an,
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SHAPING, DRILLING, BORING,
AND FACING METALS." A communication from abroad by Edouard Francois
Delamare Deboutteville, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1881.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SHAPING,
DRILLING, BORING, AND FACING METALS." [A communication from abroad by
Edouard Francois Delamare Deboutteville,, of Paris, in the Republic of France.].
This Invention relates to machinery for working metals, and consists in so
combining and arranging in one machine in relation the one to the other all the
ordinary tools used for that purpose as to ensure absolute rigidity of the parts,
thereby obtaining perfect regularity in the work.
The general form of the machine is that of an ordinary morticing machine, and
it consists of a bed plate to support the work to be acted upon, and a standard
which carries the tool holder.
The bed plate receives a saddle, to which longitudinal motion is given either by
a screw or by a crank, according to the speed of the traverse required.
This saddle carries a second saddle, to which a traverse movement is communi-
cated by a screw, and this second saddle supports a table on which the work is
placed, and which is capable of receiving rotary motion.
The screw for giving the longitudinal motion to the saddle piece is driven by a
band from a shaft lying parallel therewith, and driven either through a differential
movement by a belt from the main driving shaft, or through a ratchet and pawle
arrangement. The same shaft also drives through a chain of gear wheels mounted
so as to move with the table, the transverse screw for traversing the second saddle,
and a transverse shaft provided with a worm which takes into a worm wheel under
the table for giving rotary motion to the table.

page_text: When a quick movement is required to be given to the table the screw is thrown
out of gear, and the saddle is connected by a connecting rod to an adjustable
crank wheel mounted on a short axle and driven by gear wheels from the main
driving shaft. This short axle is provided at its end with an excentric pin through
which the ratchet and pawle arrangement for driving the longitudinal shaft is
actuated.
This short axle also carries an excentric for actuating through a series of levers
another pawle and ratchet arrangement connected with the tool holder slides, as
will hereafter be more particularly referred to.
The pulleys and gear wheels on the two screws and the transverse shaft are
mounted loosely and they are driven by friction, so that in case of accidents they
may be thrown out of gear or allowed to slip. For this purpose the screws and
shaft are threaded at their outer ends to receive threaded sleeves or collars, which
on being screwed up will nip the pulley or gear wheel between it and a shoulder
or flange on the screw or shaft.
The tool holder for holding the planing or slotting tool may be secured to its
slide in the ordinary manner, or it may be fixed to a segment piece carried by
the slide, by which means a lateral inclination may be given to the tool when
desired.
The slide carries a central spindle, to which the drilling or boring tools, and other
tools to which a rotary motion is to be given, are secured.
The rising and falling motion for effecting the slotting operation is given to the
slide by an adjustable crank which is connected thereto by a link rod. The crank
is mounted on a shaft which receives motion through gear wheels from the main
driving shaft.
For drilling or boring, the requisite tool is secured to the end of the spindle, and
rotary motion is given to the spindle through a chain of gear wheels from the
main driving shaft. The feed motion for the boring or drilling tool is com-
municated to the slide by a worm which takes into a rack at the back of the
slide.
The worm is carried by a lever, by which it can be moved into and out of gear
with the rack. Motion is communicated to the worm by a ratchet wheel mounted
on the same axle, and actuated by a pawle in connection with an excentric before
referred to.
Below and just in rear of the tool holder slide and its accessories is a short slide
carrying in bracket arms a short shaft, on which may be mounted a rotary or other
suitable tool for the purpose of dividing off and cutting wheels. This shaft will
be suitably driven from the main driving shaft. In this case the wheel or other
article to be operated upon will be placed upon the table, and an intermittent
rotary motion will be communicated thereto by hand through the worm and worm
wheel before described. The dividing wheel or plate is mounted on the end of the
worm axle.
The differential movement consists of a loose pulley carrying a mitre wheel
mounted loosely on a radial axle. This wheel on one side gears with a corre-
sponding wheel keyed upon the pulley shaft. When the pulley mitre wheel is
fixed or prevented from turning, the shaft will be driven at the same speed as the
pulley. On the other side the pulley mitre wheel takes into a corresponding wheel
mounted loosely on a sleeve on the shaft. This wheel is capable of being made
fast to the sleeve by a nipping or friction arrangement similar to that already
described. When the pulley wheel is loose and the sleeve wheel fast the shaft will
be driven at twice the speed of the pulley; and when the sleeve pulley is also loose
the shaft will not be driven by the pulley, but is free to be actuated by the ratchet
and pawle arrangement.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd November 1881.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SHAPING,
DRILLING, BORING, AND FACING METALS." A communication from abroad by
Edouard Francois Delamare Deboutteville, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to machinery for working metals, and consists in so
constructing and arranging the various parts of the machine as to ensure absolute
rigidity of the parts, thereby obtaining perfect regularity in the work done.
By the use of this machine the article to be operated upon when once placed on
the bed may be drilled, bored, slotted, milled, planed, surfaced, and otherwise
finished without being removed from the machine. In this manner the work will
be executed with greater precision and in much less time than in the ordinary
way with a separate machine for each operation.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figures 1 and 2, Sheet I., represent respectively
a side and a back elevation of a machine constructed according to this Invention;
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet II., are respectively a plan view and a sectional elevation
taken on the line 1, 2, of the plan, and Fig. 5, Sheet III., is a front elevation of
the machine partly in section; Figures 6 and 7 are respectively a side view and
back view partly in section and on an enlarged scale of the differential movement;
and Figures 8 and 9 are respectively a front and side view of the dividing
mechanism.
A is a horizontal bench bolted to the support or base plate B, which is formed
in one with a standard B¹, the upper part of which is curved over and terminates
in two lugs or extensions a which serve as guides to a slide C.
The horizontal bench A carries a saddle C', to which a longitudinal motion is
given, and this saddle C¹ carries a second saddle D, to which a transverse motion is
communicated.
Mounted on the saddle D is a table p capable of receiving a rotary motion, and
on which is placed the article to be worked.
Secured to the slide C is a tool holder O which may be of the ordinary con-
struction. The slide also carries a central spindle g, to which the drilling and
similar rotary tools are secured. Washers o, o, are used to make good the wearing
away of the shoulders of the spindle g.
In rear of the support B₁ all the driving gear is placed. The motive power
communicated by a band is received by a cone pulley P, which by means of a
mitre wheel and pinion p¹ transmits the power in different directions; thus the
pinion p by means of the wheels e, f, g, h, i, j, drives the spindle g, and the mitre
wheel when required actuates through the mitre wheels k, l, m, the table p.
7"
The shaft of the cone pulley P carries besides a pulley p² which through the
intermediate, pulleys ; 2, (Figures 3 and 5) drives the pulley E of the differential
movement which is mounted on the shaft G, Fig. 1.
With a view to simplicity the description will now be divided into three parts,
vis, first, that relating to the bed and its accessories; second, that relating to the
tool carrier; and third, the working of the machine.
I. As indicated above this part of the apparatus is capable of three movements,
viz., two rectilinear and one rotary.
The longitudinal motion, either slow or fast, is given by a screw V or by a
crank disc M, according to the nature of the work (milling or planing) to be
effected.
In the first case the two parts of the nut d which is traversed by the screw V
are brought together and into gear with the screw by means of the cam x (Figs. 5
and 5 bis), actuated by a suitable key x'.

page_text: In the second case these parts are separated by the same means, and a link rod H
(Fig. 4) in two parts, and pivotted to. the saddle c' at o' is attached to a crank pin
which slides in a groove of the crank disc M.
Every precaution to properly regulate the position of the pieces is taken in
order to assure good work.
The screw V carries at its outer end a loose pulley q¹³, the belt from which passes
over a pulley q2 keyed on the shaft G. This shaft is actuated either by the
differential movement or by the ratchet ¹ (Figs. 3 and 6) to be more particularly
referred to hereafter.
The loose pulley q¹ can be fixed to the screw V when desired by screwing
up the tightening screw v' which jams the pulley against a shoulder on the
screw V.
This convenient arrangement of coupling renders unnecessary the dismounting
of any of the parts to stop the motion, and allows for a rapid change from
mechanical to hand power. when desired. This coupling has moreover an additional
advantage, inasmuch as it permits of the automatic stopping of the movement of
the screw V should any obstruction be offered to the working of the cutting
tool.
The transverse movement of' the saddle D is communicated by the screw v
(Fig. 3), which is driven from the shaft G through the mitre wheels l, m, and gear
wheels n, o, p¹³, (Fig. 1). The mitre wheel slides freely on the shaft G and is
provided with a feather which takes into a longitudinal groove on the shaft.
The rotary movement of the table p is given by a worm wheel x and a tangent
screw a keyed on the shaft t. This shaft also carries at one end a pinion q which
gears with the wheel o referred to above, the opposite end of the shaft receiving
a dividing plate Q.
The screw v and the shaft t are each provided with a friction coupling similar
to that described above, so that the wheels and p¹ may be made fast or allowed
to run loose as desired.
The screw turns in bearings 13 in the saddle C', and passes through a threaded
socket secured to the under side of the saddle D. The bearings for the shaft t are
carried by bracket pieces extending from either side of the machine, and one of
them is made adjustable, so that the tangent screw x may be adjusted to the worm
wheel as they wear away. The other bearing is fixed, and it is provided with a
screw, Fig. 8, which when screwed home will firmly hold the shaft t, and thus
prevent any rotary movement of the table during the operations of planing, drilling,
or slotting.
The dividing plate Q (Figures 8 and 9), is fixed to one of the bracket pieces and is
divided to one thousand parts. It is provided with a circular T shaped recess, into
which fit buttons m', m². The first of these buttons m² remains always fixed at
zero, the other m² is shifted round the plate according to the number of divisions
it is intended to mark on the work. A handle or pointer M' which can be made
fast or loose on the shaft t by means of the gripping collar and cam c² is provided
for turning the table p (through the tangent screw x¹), the distance of one division
at a time.
The differential movement (Figures 6 and 7) which is carried by the shaft G is
composed of a loose pulley E which is driven by bands through the pullies 1, 2,
and which carries, mounted loosely on a radial axle, a mitre wheel e¹. This wheel
gears on one side into a mitre wheel n' keyed on the shaft G, and on the other side
with a mitre wheel mounted loosely on a fixed sleeve d in which the shaft G
turns. The mitre wheel c¹ is capable of being made fast to the sleeve by a friction
coupling v² similar to those above referred to. By means of this arrangement the
shaft G can be run slow or fast, or left loose. Thus, first, if the wheel c¹ be fixed on
its axle by tightening up the screw ≈ and the coupling v² be loosened, the pinion n¹
which is keyed to the shaft G will turn at the same speed as and with the pulley E;
secondly, if the screw be loosened and the coupling v² tightened up, the pinion n'
will run twice the speed of the pulley E; third, by loosening both the screw and

page_text: the coupling
other manner.
The pawl
the shaft will be free and can be driven by a ratchet k¹, or in any
of this ratchet is mounted at one end of a lever ³, the opposite
end of which is connected by the link rod to an excentric c on the ends of the
shaft F.
The table or bed for carrying the work can thus be moved in all directions at
different speeds and by mechanical or hand power, according to the nature of the
work to be effected.
II. Movements of the Tool Carrier. As stated above, this carrier (Figures 3, 4,
and 5) is capable of a vertical motion.
The working tool, say, a planing tool, is fixed in the block b, which is constructed
in the usual manner to tip on the return stroke, and is provided with a toothed
sector and worm wheel b¹, by which any desired inclination may be given to the
block b.
The spindle g is also intended to carry a working tool, such as a boring bit or
milling tool. At the back of the slide C is a helicoidal rack H', into which gears
the worm h mounted in bearings in the lever L. This lever moved by hand
throws the worm into and out of gear with the rack as required, and it
is fixed in either position, shewn by dots in Fig. 3, by means of the sliding
bolt i¹.
T
Below this lever is a second lever which carries a pawl that takes into the
teeth of a ratchet wheel mounted in the axle of the worm h. By the horizontal
movement of this lever on its pivot, motion is communicated to the ratchet
wheel, and through it to the worm h; which in turn acts on the rack H¹ and causes
the slide C to rise or descend as required.
This horizontal movement is given to the lever l' either by hand or mechanically.
In the latter case the lever is connected by a series of rods and levers to an
excentric y on the axle F.
A rapid up and down motion can be given to the slide C (for slotting) by con-
necting it by means of the link rod P¹ with the crank disc P2 which is mounted
on the shaft of the wheel e. The length of stroke can be regulated by adjusting
the crank pin in the slot of the disc.
Rotary motion to the spindle g is given by the pinion j, the key of which works
in a groove made in the length of the spindle.
To complete the machine a tool s for cutting wheels or dividing is provided, and
this is carried by a support S (Figures 3 and 4), to which an up and down motion
can be given by a lever, not shewn in the Drawing. The support may be so
arranged that a slight inclination may be given to it when desired. The tool is
driven by a band (Figures 3 and 4).
III. Working and Use of the Machine.-Each part of the machine having been
described, the different operations and the mode of carrying them out will now be
Josanibed
A rapid to and fro motion is given to the bed C¹ by means of the crank disc M
and link rod, the transverse motion after each cut being effected by the action of
the screw which is driven by the shaft G acted upon by the ratchet k².
The cutting tool is fixed in the block b by the screws c', c', and a small spiral
spring is used to bring the tool to its cutting position after the return stroke. All
other movements are thrown out of gear.

page_text: CTTCCtion a DOLCIO RCserved, according
to the form of the work to be surfaced.
6th. FOR DIVIDING OR WHEEL CUTTING.
The table p is actuated by hand by means of the handle M¹ of the divider Q,
and the tool employed is fixed to the carriers of the support S.
Such are the principal operations which can be effected in this machine whereby
the most complicated pieces of machinery may be worked without being removed
from the machine.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention of "Improved Machinery
for Shaping, Drilling, Boring, and Facing Metals," as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,
I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I
claim,
--
First. The construction and arrangement of parts, substantially as and for the
purpose herein shewn and described.
.
Second. The friction coupling, substantially as herein shewn and described,
whereby the parts may be rendered fast or loose as desired during the working of
the machine.
Third. The dividing apparatus constructed as shewn and described.
Fourth. The application to the shaft G of a differential movement in the manner
herein shown and described.
Fifth. The adaptation to machines of similar character at present in use of one
or more of the parts herein shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
-