IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REDUCING ROCK, ORES, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th January 1882. A communi-
cation from abroad by Josias Tayler of New York in the United States of
America.
"
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REDUCING
ROCK, ORES, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES." [A communication from abroad
by Josias Tayler of New York in the United States of America.]
This Invention relates to the reduction of rock, ores and other similar substances
by crushing, granulation, and pulverization, and seeks to accomplish the object by
combined pressure and grinding or rubbing between metallic surfaces; uniting
both methods in one machine; receiving the rock, quartz, ore or other substance to
be crushed in bulk and delivering it in any desired condition of fineness.
I construct a frame of iron, the sides of which are parallel with each other and
tied together at the desired distance apart by means of iron rods having shoulders
resting against the inside of the plates passing through holes therein and secured
on the outside by means of nuts or instead of having shoulders the rods may pass
through metallic pipes placed between the two side plates and cut of a length equal
to the distance desired between the sides for the proper play of the jaws or any
other ordinary bracing may be employed.
Between the side plates I place two jaws of cast iron or other proper metal
which are suspended on rods which pass through holes in their upper ends and
rest in bearings properly constructed in the frame, at a proper distance apart to
give the desired opening between the jaws to receive the rock or ore to be operated
upon.
The jaws are so constructed that the bearings by means of which they are
suspended in the frame, are in a horizontal line, that is, in a line parallel to the
base of the frame, though, if desired, one jaw may be lengthened above and the
bearing for that jaw be arranged higher up than the other, care being taken that
the similarity of the lower portion of the two jaws shall be retained.

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The lower portion of each jaw is pierced with a hole through which passes a rod,
projecting through a slot in the frame on each side of the machine.
These rods are tied at the ends by means of a link arranged to play backwards
and forwards on the outside of the frame and held in place by collars at the ends
of the rods.
The link is provided with a boxing and a wedge shaped key which is moved up
and down, and secured in position by means of adjusting screws, for the purpose of
adjusting the lower ends of the jaws in the desired degree of proximity.
The jaws are provided with face plates, which present a serrated or corrugated
surface on the upper portion.
These serrations or corrugations are made to cross the jaws laterally, the more
effectually to engage the rock or ore, and prevent its slipping or being forced
upwards by the action of the jaws when in motion and to hold it in position while
being crushed by the grinding pressure.
The lower portion of the surface of the jaw's face is formed by curved projections
running across the face of the jaw, with or without corresponding hollows, so
arranged that when the jaws are in perpendicular position the projecting curves
on the two jaws will be directly opposite to each other so as to come in contact,
or as nearly in contact as the setting of the link will permit.
The inner surface of the frame is cut away opposite to the opening between the
jaws so as to admit of a slide made of cast iron or other proper metal which is
made of the proper thickness to bring its surface in close proximity to the edge of
the jaws, and secured in such manner that it can be removed at pleasure and
replaced with a new one when worn or injured.
The face plate may be cast in one piece or may be divided into two pieces so
that one piece may be removed and replaced without disturbing the other.
The face plates and side plates used in the crusher are made of chilled iron or
steel, so as to effectually resist the action of the rock and ore, but if desired they
may be constructed of wrought iron or any other proper metal.
The face plates are secured in position by means of bolts passing through the
jaws, their heads being imbedded in flanged grooves in the face plates, and made
permanent by filling in with Babbitt metal or other suitable substance and secured
by nuts on the outside of the jaw.
To prevent the strain which would come upon the bolts by the peculiar action
of the jaws, the face plates are constructed with a flange on the back which is
fitted into a groove or channel cast in the jaw extending laterally across it.
The jaws are operated by means of a crank shaft having bearings in the frame
and provided with balance wheel and pulley, the crank being in the centre between
the sides of the frame and connected with the jaws by means of a pitman, one end
of which is secured by a clamp around the crank of the shaft, and the other in a
mortise or recess made in the jaw behind and around the hole through which the
rod passes, and connected to the jaw by passing the rod through the hole in the
jaw and through a corresponding hole or clamp in the end of the pitman.
To secure a proper configuration, I place the jaw patterns in position as hung
upon their rods at the top and tied at the bottom, made of such thickness that the
two faces will come together in contact from the top to the bottom. I then mark
off a space at each side of the centre line at the top equal to the throw of the
crank for an opening to receive the material to be crushed. I then draw a line at
right angles to the centre perpendicular line passing through the centres of the
holes for receiving the rods which tie the bottom of the jaws together, and divide
the centre perpendicular line from this point upwards and downwards into spaces
equal to the throw of the crank by parallel lines, at right angles with the centre
perpendicular line.
I then strike an arc of a circle having a radius equal to the distance between
the rods on which the jaws are suspended and the rods which tie the jaws at the
bottom, the centre of the circle being on the parallel line which passes through the

page_text: centre of the rods which connect the bottom of the jaws, and the periphery of the
arc touching the centre perpendicular line. This are I extend above and below the
line on which it is drawn a distance equal to the throw of the crank to be used in
the machine.
If I desire to use more than one rounded projection on the jaw I then draw
another arc precisely like the one described, on the second parallel line below, and
by reversing the dividers make a corresponding hollow between them consisting of
an arc on an equal radius of an equal circle, and connect the lines into one ogee
line, making a hollow between two rounds, each hollow and each round being
equal in extent to the throw of the crank. I then determine the depth of the
depressions I desire to make on the surface of the face plates by means of serrations
or corrugations, and proceed to serrate or curve the lines above the upper round
which are to make the 'opening or mouth of the jaws accordingly, making each
section of the corrugations equal to the throw of the crank, and making the points
of projection of the corrugations or serrations on the two jaws on alternate parallel
lines.
The serrated or curved line is then made continuous with the upper arc or
round of the lower portion of the jaw, and the pattern formed in accordance with
the configuration indicated by such lines, the face plate being formed from a
section of the same.
If desired one jaw only may have the upper portion corrugated or serrated, and
the other may be left with a smooth surface.
In use the power is applied to the pitman by means of the crank shaft, and the
jaws are oscillated backwards and forwards, with a crushing grinding motion, and
the rock which is placed between the jaws at the top is crushed as it descends,
until it reaches the rounds, where it is ground into a granulated or pulverized mass,
according to the adjustment of the bottom of the jaw.