IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR GRINDING, SURFACING, DRILLING, OR OTHERWISE WORKING ARTICLES MADE OF IRON OR STEEL
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Archibald Jaques, of Tottenham, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist, and John Thomas Oakley, of Grange
Road, Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR GRINDING,
SURFACING, DRILLING, OR OTHERWISE WORKING ARTICLES MADE OF IRON OR
STEEL."
Sealed the 28th May 1872, and dated the 20th March 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Archibald Jaques
and John Thomas Oakley at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th March 1872.
We, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist, and JOHN THOMAS OAKLEY, of Grange Road,
Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY
FOR GRINDING, SURFACING, DRILLING, OR OTHERWISE WORKING ARTICLES MADE OF
IRON OR STEEL," to be as follows:-
in mechine fax cerinding and

page_text: plate of iron bent up and doubled over, and the two limbs of the magnet
may be surrounded with insulated wire, as in the other case. The
articles to be operated upon will be firmly held by these magnetic holders
on the bed of the planing or other machine, and may be ground or sur-
faced by emery wheels or cutting stones, to which a rapid rotary motion
and also a slow lateral motion is communicated, while the bed or
chuck is either rotated as in a lathe, or reciprocated as in a planing
machine. The magnetic holder is also applicable to drilling or other
machines or mechanical tools, in which it is required to hold securely
articles made of iron or steel while such articles are being operated upon
by the drilling or other tool.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Archibald Jaques and John Thomas Oakley
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th September 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist, and JOHN THOMAS OAKLEY, of Grange Road, Bermondsey,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of March, in the year
of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give.
and grant unto us, the said James Archibald Jaques and John Thomas
Oakley, Her special license that we, the said James Archibald Jaques
and John Thomas Oakley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said James Archibald Jaques and John Thomas
Oakley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR GRINDING, SURFACING, DRILLING,
OR OTHERWISE WORKING ARTICLES MADE OF IRON OR STEEL," upon the con-

page_text: dition (amongst others) that we, the said James Archibald Jaques and
John Thomas Oakley, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Archibald Jaques and John
Thomas Oakley, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say)
Our Invention of improvements applicable to machinery for grinding,
surfacing, drilling, or otherwise working articles made of iron or steel,
relates to a novel form of chuck to be adapted to a lathe for the purpose
of holding rings, plates, discs, or other analogous articles while they are
being ground. The Invention is also applicable to planing and drilling
machines and other machines in which pieces of iron or steel require to
be held while being operated upon.
Our present Invention consists, first, in constructing the chucks of
lathes in an improved manner, so as to render them more generally
useful; and, second, in adapting a magnetic holder (constructed on the
same principle) to planing, drilling, and surfacing machines for the
purpose of holding the metal article steady while under operation.
In constructing a magnetic chuck for a lathe we form the chuck of
two circular discs, one of which is divided across its centre into two
parts, which are separately connected with the bottom disc by pillars or
studs, round which is coiled insulated copper wire, so that by means of a
galvanic battery or magneto-electric machine the chuck will be con-
verted into a powerful electro-magnet, which when an article made of
iron or steel is placed thereon will hold it firmly.
The Invention consists, secondly, in adapting to the bed of a planing
or surfacing machine a magnetic holder made of two oblong plates of
metal connected together by pillars or cross pieces, the upper plate being

page_text: divided, as in the instance of the chuck, into two parts, which will form
the opposite poles of the magnet. Round the connecting plates or
pillars are wound coils of insulated copper wire, as in the former
instance. For the purpose of strengthening the divided upper plate the
slot or opening between the poles may be filled in with brass, copper, or
other non-magnetic substance.
As a modification of the above the magnet may be formed of one long
plate of iron bent up and doubled over, and the two limbs of the magnet
may be surrounded with insulated wire, as in the other case. The
articles to be operated upon will be firmly held by these magnetic
holders on the bed of the planing or other machine, and may be ground
or surfaced by emery wheels or cutting stones, to which a rapid rotary
motion and also a slow lateral motion is communicated while the bed or
chuck is either rotated (as in a lathe) or reciprocated (as in a planing
machine). The magnetic holder is also applicable to drilling or other
machines or mechanical tools, in which it is required to hold securely
articles made of iron or steel while such articles are being operated upon
by the drilling or other tool.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1, Sheet I., is a sectional view,
and Fig. 2, a plan view of one of the improved chucks, in which a, a, is
the back plate of the chuck, the hub of which is screwed or tapped, as
shewn, so that it may be adapted to the lathe in the ordinary manner;
b, b, is the face plate, which is divided across into two halves, as shewn
at Fig. 2. The back and face plates may be connected together by two
pillars, as already mentioned, or by means of a bent bar of soft iron c
(as shewn at Fig. 1), which is secured to the back plate a by means of
screws d, d. The coils of insulated copper wire are placed on the two poles
or bent-up parts of the iron bar c, and then the face plate is put on and
screwed in place by means of the screws e, e, or if preferred it may be
rivetted thereto. The magnet thus formed is enclosed in a circular
casing g, g, round which are placed the two brass rings h, h, which are
insulated upon the casing g by means of a ring of vulcanite or hard
india-rubber compound or other suitable material. The terminal
wires i, i, from the two poles of the magnet pass through the circular
casing g, and are connected to the brass rings h, h, which have a groove
formed in them to receive the points of studs or pins projecting from the
insulated springs j, j, which are fixed on some convenient part of the
lathe. Wires k from these springs j are connected to the two poles of

page_text: a galvanic battery, and when the electric current is allowed to pass
therefrom and circulate through the coils of wire f, f, the apparatus will
be converted into a powerful electro-magnet, of which the two semi-
circular halves of the face plate 6 will form the poles. It will therefore be
understood that if any article of iron or steel be placed on the face plate
of the magnetic chuck it will be held with great force until the electric
current is broken. While the iron or steel article is thus held on the
face of the chuck it may be operated upon either by grinding wheels or
cutting tools. In order to assist in centering and holding the article on
the face of the chuck a number of holes are drilled in the face plate b,
into which pins or studs may be driven or screwed.
A magnetic bed constructed in a similar manner may be adapted to a
drilling, shaping, slotting, or other machine of analogous character; but
when such bed is stationary the brass rings h, h, are dispensed with,
care being always taken that the terminal wires i, i, are insulated at the
points where they pass through the circular casing. Any number of
these clectro-magnetic face plates may be combined if desired so as to
form an extended surface, such as that shewn at Figures 3 and 4, and
large enough to receive large pieces of work.
A magnetic bed plate, such as that above described, may be adapted
to an ordinary planing machine provided with ordinary cutting tools;
but for many purposes, especially where rapidity of work is required, we
employ grinding wheels for surfacing the metal, as already mentioned in
reference to the lathe.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation, and Fig. 6, an end elevation of a planing
machine constructed in this manner. A is the magnetic bed plate, and
B the grinding wheel, which is mounted on a sleeve shaft in bearings
carried by the ordinary adjustable tool holder. Through the sleeve shaft k
passes the feathered shaft 1, on which is mounted the band wheel A,
whereby it is driven by means of a band or strap from the driving pulley
over head. The magnetic bed with the iron or steel article thereon
is reciprocated in the manner usually adopted in ordinary planing
machines. The same observation applies to traversing the grinding
wheel across the face of the work.
Having now described our Invention of improvements applicable
3 '11"
1

page_text: articles made of iron or steel, and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we claim as the Invention secured to us
by Letters Patent as aforesaid, constructing magnetic chucks for lathes
in the manner herein set forth.
Second. We claim, constructing the beds or tables of planing, drilling,
slotting, and surfacing machines of electro-magnets, as herein set forth,
so that articles of iron or steel placed thereon to be operated upon may
be securely held while under operation, as above described.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Archibald Jaques and John
Thomas Oakley, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the
Twelfth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-two..