IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS AND SPIKES, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED T man D " PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Scattergood, of West Bromwich, in the
County of Stafford, Manager of Works, and Benjamin Wilkes, of
West Bromwich, aforesaid, Iron Roller, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS AND SPIKES, AND IN MACHINERY
TO
BE EMPLOYED T
man D
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Scattergood and
Benjamin Wilkes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd May 1874.
WC, JAMES SCATTERGOOD, of West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Manager of Works, and BENJAMIN WILKES, of West Brom-
wich, aforesaid, Iron Roller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS AND SPIKES,
AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," to be as
follows:-

page_text: distances apart, swells or expanded parts, from which said swells or
expanded parts the head and nibs, or feathers, or conical or square necks
of the bolt or spike are made; the portions of the bar between the said
swells or expanded parts having the length and sectional figure of the
stems of the bolts or spikes to be made.
Our Invention consists, further, of the improvements herein-after
described in machinery to be employed for rolling the said swells or
expanded parts on opposite sides of the bar.
In making, according to our Invention, fish or other bolts having
nibs or feathers under the heads, we roll on the cylindrical bar from
which the stems are to be made, and on opposite sides of the said bar
swells or expanded parts, each pair of swells or expanded parts being
situated at a distance from the next pair equal to the length of the
stems of the bolts. The said swells or expanded parts have a V or
angular figure, and the sectional figure of the bar at the said expanded
parts is nearly that of an ellipse, the longer axis of the ellipse passing
through the expanded parts. The bar is divided transversely at the
junction of the swells or expanded parts with the cylindrical parts the
separated parts or bolt blanks consisting of cylindrical pieces of the
length and sectional figure of the stems of the bolts to be made, having
at one end an expanded part from which the heads of the bolts and
the nibs or feathers under the head are made. The formation of the
head and the finishing of the bolt are effected in the ordinary way.
In a similar manner we make railway and other spikes, eye-bolts,
bolts with square necks and the like.
We do not limit ourselves to the sectional figure of the bar, nor to
the swells or expanded parts rolled thercon, for example, the bar may
be square in cross section to form square stem bolts, and the swells or
expanded parts to form the heads may have a nearly cylindrical figure
in cross section.
We roll the swells or expanded parts on the bars by means of a pair
of grooved rolls having in their peripheries depressions corresponding to
'the figure of the swells or expanded parts to be rolled on the bar. The
rolls are of the same diameter and are driven at the same speed, the
depressions in one roll exactly meeting those in the other roll, so as to
form the swells or expanded parts exactly opposite one another on the

page_text: In adapting our improvements in machinery to the rolling machinery
called a "guide mill," we make the following additions and alterations.
We make the end pair of rolls called the guide rolls of the same
diameter and we gear their spindles together by means of toothed
pinions of equal diameter. We disconnect the bottom guide roll from
the lower rolls of the train, and we drive the said lower guide roll
through the pinions described, the upper pinion receiving its motion
from the spindles of the middle rolls of the train. By this arrangement
the guide rolls are driven at the same speed, and being of the same
diameter, the depressions in the two rolls meet exactly opposite one
another, and thereby accurately roll the swells or expanded parts on
opposite sides of the bar.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Scattergood and Benjamin Wilkes in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, JAMES
SCATTERGOOD, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Manager
of Works, and BENJAMIN WILKES, of West Bromwich, aforesaid, Iron
Roller, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty, Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said James Scattergood and
Benjamin Wilkes Her special license that we, the said James. Scatter-
good and Benjamin Wilkes, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Scattergood, and Benjamin
Wilkes, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS AND SPIKES, AND IN MACHINERY
TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," upon the condition (amongst
66

page_text: others) that we, the said James Scattergood and Benjamin Wilkes, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Scattergood and Benjamin
Wilkes, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
say:―
Our Invention consists in manufacturing bolts and spikes from bars
of iron having upon them, on opposite sides, and ordinarily at equal
distances apart, swells or expanded parts, from which said swells or
expanded parts the head and nibs, or feathers, or conical or square necks
of the bolt or spike are made, the portions of the bar between the said
swells or expanded parts having the length and sectional figure of the
stems of the bolts or spikes to be made.
Our Invention consists, further, of the improvements herein-after
described in machinery to be employed for rolling the said swells or
expanded parts on opposite sides of the bar.
In making, according to our Invention, fish or other bolts having
nibs or feathers under the heads, we roll on the cylindrical bar from
which the stems are to be made, and on opposite sides of the said bar,
swells or expanded parts, each pair of swells or expanded parts being
situated at a distance from the next pair equal to the length of the
stems of the bolts. The said swells or expanded parts have a V or
angular figure, and the sectional figure of the bar at the said expanded
parts is nearly that of an ellipse, the longer axis of the ellipse passing
through the expanded parts. The bar is divided transversely at the
junction of the swells or expanded parts with the cylindrical parts, the
separated portions or bolt blanks consisting of cylindrical pieces of the
length and sectional figure of the stems of the bolts to be made, having
at one end an expanded part from which the heads of the. bolts and
the nibs or feathers under the heads are made. The formation of the
head and the finishing of the bolt are effected in the ordinary way.

page_text: тиашнат шапцет we make ramway and spines, bye-DOIDS,
bolts with square necks and the like.
We do not limit ourselves to the sectional figure of the bar, nor to
the swells or expanded parts rolled thereon; for example, the bar may
be square in cross section to form square stem. bolts, and the swells or
expanded parts to form the heads may have a nearly cylindrical figure
in cross section.
We roll the swells or expanded parts on the bar by a pair of grooved
rolls having in their peripheries depressions corresponding to the figure
of the swells or expanded parts to be rolled on the bar. The rolls are
of the same diameter and are driven at the same speed, the depressions
in one roll exactly meeting those in the other roll, so as to form the
swells or expanded parts exactly opposite one another on the bar.
In adapting our improvements in machinery to the rolling machinery
called a "guide mill," we make the following additions and alterations.
We make the end pair of rolls, called the guide rolls, of the same
diameter, and we gear their spindles together by means of toothed
pinions of equal diameter. We disconnect the bottom guide roll from
the lower rolls of the train, and we drive the said lower guide roll
through the pinions described, the upper pinion receiving its motion
from the spindles of the middle rolls of the train. By this arrangement
the guide rolls are driven at the same speed, and being of the same
diameter, the depressions in the two rolls meet exactly opposite one
another, and thereby accurately roll the swells or expanded parts on
opposite sides of the bar.
Having explained the nature of our Invention, we will proceed to
describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
In making fish or other bolts having nibs or feathers under the
heads, we take a bar of iron having the sectional figure represented in
Figure 1, and by subjecting it to the action of the rolling machinery:
herein-after described, give to the bar the sectional form represented in.
Figure 2, that is to say, we roll those parts of the bar marked a, from;
which the stems of the bolts are to be made, of a cylindrical figure,.
and we roll on the said bar, and on opposite sides thereof, swells or
expanded parts marked b, b, each pair of the said swells or expanded,

page_text: parts b, b, being situated at a distance from the next pair equal to the
length of the stems of the bolts, as represented in the Drawing. Fròni
the said swells or expanded parts b, b, the head and nibs or feathers
of the bolts are made. The swells or expanded parts b, b, have a V or
angular figure, as seen in the sectional view A, Figure 2, and the 5
sectional figure of the said bar at the said swells or expanded parts is
shown at B, Figure 2. The section A is taken through the dotted
line D, Figure 2, and the section B is taken through the dotted line C,
Figure 2. In order to make bolt blanks from the bar, Figure 2, the
said bar is divided transversely at the dotted lines E, so as to form 1
lengths or pieces of the kind represented in Figure 3. From the part a
of the separated lengths or blanks, Figure 3, the stem of the bolt is
made, and from the swells or expanded parts b, b, at one end of the said
stem part a the head and nibs or feathers of the bolt are made.
· Figure 4 represents a fish bolt made from the blank, Figure 3. The 1
head c of the bolt is formed by compressing a portion of the expanded
parts b, b, those portions of the expanded parts' not operated upon to
form the head c constituting the nibs or feathers d under the head c,
and on opposite sides thereof, as represented.
1
Figure 5 represents a bolt with a square neck e to the head c, the 2
said head and neck c, c, being made from the expanded parts b, b, of
the blank, Figure, 3. By our Invention great advantage results when
the square necks of the bolts are of unusual length.
The tools and machinery for effecting the fashioning of the expanded
parts b, b, of the bolt blanks into the head, Figure 4, or into the head 2
and square neck, Figure 5, are of the ordinary kind and constitute no
part of our Invention.
In rolling bars of iron, according to our Invention, from which
twisted spikes with conical necks are to be made, we give to the bar
the shape represented in Figure 6, that is, we roll the parts f, f, from 3
which the twisted stems of the spikes are to be made square in cross
section, and we roll the expanded parts 9, 9, from which the heads and
necks are to be made at equal distances apart on the bar, the said
expanded parts g, g, having a cylindrical figure in cross section. The
cross section of Figure 6 is taken on the dotted line F. By an 31
examination of the said section it will be seen that the stem parts f, f,
of the bar are square, and the swells or expanded parts g, g, of the bar,

page_text: are cylindrical in cross section. The bar, Figure 6, is divided trans-
versely at the dotted lines G, G, to form bolt blanks of the kind
represented in Figure 7.
.
Figure 8 represents a twisted spike made from a blank having the
form of Figure 7, the twisted stem f being made from the part ƒ of the
blank, and the head g and conical neck of the spike being made from
the expanded part g of the said blank.
In a like manner the heads of cyc-bolts and other shaped bolts and
spikes may be made.
For the manufacture of the particular kinds of bolts and spikes
described, we prefer to give the bars and the swells or expanded parts
of the said bars, the sectional figures represented; but we wish it to be
understood that we do not limit ourselves to the said sectional figures
of the bars and swells or expanded parts:
We will now describe the rolling machinery by which the bars,
Figures 1 and 2, are rolled.
The pair of rolls by which the bar, Figure 1, is rolled is represented
in Figure 9. Each of the said. rolls is furnished with a semi-elliptical
groove, as represented. These rolls are of the ordinary kind and
constitute no part of our Invention.
Figure 10 represents in cross section, and Figure 11 in front elevation,
a pair of rolls and their gearing, constructed and arranged according to
our Invention, for converting the elliptical bar, Figure 1, into the bar,
Figure 2, from which bolt blanks are to be cut.
"
Figure 12 represents the pair of rolls, Figures 10 and 11, detached.
The said Figures 10 and 11 represent a portion of the rolling
machinery called a "guide mill," the pair of rolls represented being
the "guide rolls of the said mill. The said guide rolls are marked
1, m, the shape of the grooves and depressions in the peripheries of the
said rolls being best seen in Figures 10 and 12. By an examination of
the said Figures 10 and 12, it will be seen that the grooves n in the said
rolls are semicircular in cross section, and that at equal distances apart
in the said grooves depressions p of a V or angular figure in cross
section are made. The grooves n of the rolls form the parts marked a
of the bar, Figure 2, and the depressions p of the said grooves form the

page_text: described and illustrated in Figures 10 and 11. of the accompanying
Drawings, for gearing together and driving the rolls.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Scattergood and Benjamin
Wilkes, have hereunto set our hands and scals, this Sixteenth
day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight 5
hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
JOSEPH POVEY,
Spon Lane,
West Bromwich.
JAMES. SCATTERGOOD. (L.S.)
BENJAMIN WILKES. .(L.S.) ..