Improvements in Heating Devices for Use in Railway Carriages.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 30th July, 1896-Accepted. 10th Oct., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
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Improvements in Heating Devices for Use in Railway Carriages.
I, ALEXANDER SPENCER,, of 77 Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of, this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has reference to improvements in railway carriage heating devices
of the kind comprising an outer heat radiating vessel' or casing to contain a liquid
such as water, brine, or acetate of soda, in which heat is to be stored, and an inner
pipe that is adapted to be connected up in series with the inner pipes of a number
of other similar heating devices, so that a heating fluid such as steam or hot water
may be caused to flow through it, for a time, in order that sufficient heat may
be stored in the liquid in the outer vessel to render the device available for use
as a heater after the supply of steam or hot water has been cut off.
Now my invention is designed to enable the liquid in a heating device of the
kind mentioned, to be heated to the required temperature in less time tlian heretofore
without materially interfering with the free flow of the heating medium through
the successive heating devices, so that, the whole of the railway carriages of a train
can be heated up to a comfortable temperature in much less time than has heretofore
been usual and this without liability to accumulations of water of condensation in the
tubes through which the heating steam is caused to flow.
For the purpose mentioned I construct heating apparatus of the kind referred
to as I will now explain with reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings,
wherein
of
Fig. 1 shows partly in central vertical longitudinal section and partly in side
elevation (with a portion cut away) and Fig. 2 in cross section on the line
Fig. 1, a construction of my improved apparatus wherein the outer heat radiating
vessel A consists of a corrugated shell provided internally with a pipe B through
which the steam is to circulate for heating the fluid in the vessel A. The pipe B is
made with hollow extensions or corrugations & at its upper and side portions for the
purpose of providing a large heat conducting surface, but with a straight lower
portion & in order that any water resulting from condensation of steam in the said
pipe may not accumulate in the lower part thereof. This pipe may be placed within
and secured to the vessel A in any suitable manner, as for example by forming the
latter with an opening A¹ in one end for. the admission of the pipe which is formed
with flanges 3, whereof is secured. to the inner side of one end of the vessel and 64
to the outer side of the other end of the vessel, suitable packing material being used in
making the joints if desired. As will be seen junctions c, e' are provided for
connections d, d¹ to other heaters.
By the construction described the liquid in the vessel A may be heated to the
required temperature in less time than with apparatus constructed as heretofore
usual, and this without materially interfering with the free flow of the heating medium
through the successive heating devices, and furthermore, heat from the fluid in the
vessel A will be more efficiently radiated. In some cases I may modify the above
consiructions and others hereinafter described by corrugating only the upper or the

page_text: lower part or the side of the outer vessels which may be of any convenient shape in
cross section, as for example circular. Or I may combine with a pipe B corrugated
as described, a plain outer vessel, as shown in Fig. 24.
Fig. 3 shows partly in central vertical longitudinal section and partly in elevation,
a portion of an apparatus according to my invention in which the outer vessel A is
corrugated and the inner pipe is cast with a number of solid flanges, collare or
annular projections 6 for the purpose of conducting the heat more effectually from
the heating medium flowing through the pipe B to the fluid surrounding it in the
vessel A. Such an inner pipe may be used with a plain outer vessel A like as in
Fig. 3^.
Fig. 4 shows another modification, comprising an outer vessel A corrugated as
described to provide a large heat radiating surface, and a plain cylindrical inner
heating tube B, this tube, as in the arrangements shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, being
arranged eccentrically to the outer vessel to which it is connected as hereinbefore
described.
Fig. 5 shows a similar construction to Fig. 4 but in which the plain inner
pipe B is arranged concentrically to and in close proximity to the inwardly
extending portions of the outer vessel A, extends through stuffing boxes C at the
ends of the said vessel, and has its ends, adapted to be connected, as by screwed
unions, to similar pipes of adjacent apparatus.
The vessel A in such case should be constructed of metal that is a good conductor
of heat. In some cases it may be of cast metal for example steel; in other cases it
may be of metal rolled or pressed to shape. In the latter case its ends may be made
separate and be secured to the shell or body portion by flanged joints. The pipe B
should in each case be made of metal that is a good conductor of heat for example
iron and steel. In the case of Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive it may be cast to shape but in
the case of Fig. 5 it may be of ordinary plain iron or brass tubes.
Both the outer vessel A and the pipe B may be constructed with corrugations or
undulations or projections of various forms adapted to add to their heat conducting
efficiency. Several forms are indicated by way of examples in Figs. 6 to 9 inclusive.
In Fig. 6 the projections are formed with parallel flat surfaces arranged near together.
In Fig. 7 they are of angular shape spaced apart with a straight portion of metal
between them. In Fig. 8 the corrugations are of uniform size and circular form.
In Fig. 9 the projections are hollow and spaced apart with a straight portion of metal
between them.
The vessel and pipe may in each case be of various forms in cross section other
than the circular form shown in Fig. 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that I do
Dot claim broadly the use of a pipe through which a heating medium can flow
arranged within a vessel containing fluid to be heated, nor do I claim broadly the
corrugating of pipes or vessels, or the constructing them with annular or other
projections but what I do claim is :-
1. A heating device for use in railway carriages constructed arranged and
operating substantially as described with reference to and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2
of the accompanying drawings or modified as set forth.
2. A heating device for use in railway carriages, constructed arranged and operating
substantially as described with reference to and illustrated by Fig. 3 of the
accompanying drawings, or modified as set forth.
3. Heating devices for use in railway carriages constructed arranged and operating
substantially as described with reference respectively to and illustrated by Fig. 24 and
by Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings, or modified as set forth.
4. A heating device for use in railway carriages, constructed arranged and
operating substantially as described with reference to and illustrated by Fig. 4 of the
accompanying drawings.

page_text: 5. A heating device for use in railway carriages, constructed arranged and
operating substantially as described with reference to and illustrated by Fig. 5 of the
accompanying drawings, or modified as set forth.
Dated this 30th day of July 1896.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.