IM- PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOR AND IN SIZING AND WARPING, WOOLLEN AND WORSTED YARN
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Marland, of Leeds, for the Invention of " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOR AND IN SIZING AND WARPING, WOOLLEN AND
WORSTED YARN."
Sealed the 3rd July 1855, and dated the 26th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Marland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
March 1855.
I, JOHN MARLAND, of Leeds, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOR AND IN SIZING AND WARPING WOOLLEN AND
WORSTED YARN " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, of arranging and combining machinery to be used
in preparing for and in sizing and warping woollen and worsted yarns. For
this purpose a suitable frame is arranged, in which there are several spindles,
on which are placed cops of woollen or worsted yarns, from which the yarns
are to be unwound and then wound side by side on a spool or reel. Each
yarn in proceeding from its cop to the spool or reel is conducted through
an eye fixed at the upper part of the framing, then' through a second eye;
the yarn then descends and passes partly around a roller (which receives
motion by a band), then between it and a second roller, thence over this
second or upper roller, which receives its motion by surface contact with the

page_text: under roller. Each yarn then passes between a comb or reed, which has a
short endway motion, in order to wind each yarn correctly on to the spool or
recl. Motion is given to the spool or reel by the surface contact between it
and a cylinder or roller. A number of spools or reels each thus wound with
several yarns side by side are placed in a frame one over the other, and the
yarns of all are conducted through a fixed reed, and they pass side by side
partly around a roller which has a rotatory motion communicated to it by a
band or other suitable means; then the yarns pass partly around another roller
which receives motion by contact with the under roller, and here the sizing
may be performed as hereafter explained, together with drying cylinders; but
generally I prefer that the yarns from these rollers. should then pass through
two reeds (one being a block reed) without being sized, and they are then
wound on to a cylinder or drum, to the axis of which is applied counting
apparatus, which indicates and records the measure of the yarns wound
around such cylinder. The yarns are then wound on to a beam, from
which they are unwound to be passed through the sizing process, for which
purpose the yarns pass from the beam (the axis of which is weighted), and
they pass over a roller, then under a second roller, which is of iron, and
pressed downwards by weighted levers on to a roller below, which is covered
with cloth or felt, and which revolves partly in size or material suitable
for sizing or preparing woollen and worsted yarns; by these means the
yarns will be saturated with the fluid, and be pressed as they pass between
the rollers and the yarns, and then wound on to a beam, from which they
are again unwound and passed to and fro to be dried, they being supported
by rollers by which the yarns become sized, and thence they pass to and are
formed on to the loom or warp beam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Marland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MARLAND, of Leeds, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,

page_text: the said John Marland, IIer special licence that I, the said, John Marland,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Marland, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOR
AND IN SIZING AND WARPING WOOLLEN AND WORSTED YARN," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Marland, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Marland, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention consists of Improvements in Preparing for and in Sizing
and Warping Woollen and Worsted Yarn. For this purpose several worsted
or woollen yarns are to be first carefully wound side by side on bobbins or
spools from cops, and I have found it convenient to wind fifty yarns on each
spool or bobbin, though other numbers may be similarly wound.
Several of these spools or bobbins are then placed in a frame, and their
yarns are conducted through the reed or comb a, by which any desired
number of worsted or woollen yarns are spread out and kept parallel, and I
prefer to employ a reed two feet six inches in length, and to have as many
dents therein to the inch as the size of the yarn will take. From this reed
or comb the yarns pass partly around the roller b and descend into scour-
ing fluid, then under the roller c up over the roller d, then into wash
water, and under the roller e up over the roller f; the yarns again descend
into wash water and under the roller g, then ascend and pass over the
roller h. The rollers h, f, d, b, are covered with felt or woollen cloth, and
are pressed on by uncovered pressing rollers i, i. The rollers above men-
tioned are about the same length as the reed a, so that the yarns pass
through this process parallel to, yet separate from, each other. The yarns
then pass between two rollers j, j, the lower one of which is covered with
felt, and revolves partly immersed in a size trough. The yarns then pass
under and partly around the steam-drying cylinder k, thence under and
partly around the steam-drying cylinder 7, and thence through the block

page_text: reed m
The yarns then pass through the reed n², which is arranged to
turn on a vertical axis, midway of the length of the reed, by which the reed n²
may, in place of being constantly at right angles to the yarns, be inclined
thereto, and thus contract the distance the yarns are apart; and in this more
or less contracted width the yarns are wound on to a portion or section of the
reel n till the length for a warp has been wound thereon, when the yarns
are cut, and a second quantity is wound on the reel or another portion of its
surface. For this purpose the frame of the reel n is arranged to move on
wheels n¹, n, on a railway, by which any portion of the surface of the reel
may be brought into position to receive the yarns; and the number of yarns
to each inch will be governed by the obliquity of the reed n², from which the
yarns are to be wound on to the loom beam, and thus form a warp.
I would remark that although I have shewn two steam cylinders to dry the
yarns, in place thereof other forms of drying apparatus may be used, and when
convenient I prefer to dry in the open air.
Having thus, described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that. I make no claim to
any of the parts separately, but what I claim is the combined apparatus herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Marland, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
JOHN MARLAND. (L.S.)