CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hudson, of Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster. Machinist, and Christopher Catlow, of the same Place, Over-
looker, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hudson and
Christopher Catlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th July 1859.
We, WILLIAM HUDSON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
and CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, of the same Place, Overlooker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The first of our said improvements has reference to the construction and
working of the stop rod, the purpose of it being to mitigate the pressure
of the swell upon the shuttle at the time of the pick, to render more prompt
the depression of the-stop rod tongue, and to-ensure the timely engagement of
the latter with the frog, when the shuttle misses boxing. To effect these objects,..
we avail ourselves of the reciprocating or vibratory motion of the sley to
modify or influence the operation of the stop rod, by attaching to the latter a
pendant weight or heavy body, so placed or suspended that the gravitating
force thereof, when acting alone, tends to depress the stop rod tongue in the
same manner as the ordinary stop rod spring; but the operation of this force is

page_text: modified by the vibrating motion of the sley; thus, as the sley recedes, the
inertia or momentum acquired by the weight during the last preceding advance
of the sley operates in counteraction of the gravitating force, which latter is,
therefore, to a certain extent diminished, and the shuttle relieved from pressure
in a corresponding degree. As the sley advances, the previously acquired
inertia of the weight acts in aid of its gravitating force, and thus tends to
accelerate the depression of the stop rod tongue.
The second of our said improvements has also reference to the stop rod, and
the purpose of it is similar to that of the before-mentioned improvement. It
consists in furnishing the stop rod with a pendant plate or vane extended from
it radially in a plane, nearly parallel with the general plane of the sley swords,
so that the face of the vane may be presented transversely to the direction of
the motion of the sley. The resistance offered by the atmosphere to the vane,
as the latter is carried to and fro rapidly by the oscillations of the sley, tends
to cause partial rotation of the stop rod in alternate directions, and thus aids
in relieving the pressure of the swell as the sley recedes, and in depressing the
stop rod tongue as the sley advances. The two improvements lastly before
mentioned are applicable either separately or conjointly.
The third of our said improvements has reference to that part of the loom
which operates to effect the taking up of the woven fabric. It is applicable to
looms in which the rotation of the cloth beam and the winding of the cloth
thereon are regulated by the friction of contact of a roller, which, as ordinarily
constructed, performs its functions independently of the insertion of the weft.
Galls or cracks are the consequence of the cloth being taken up without the
weft being duly inserted. The purpose of the present improvement is to
prevent them by permitting the cloth beam, in the event of such defective
weaving, to recoil until the last previously inserted pick of weft has returned
into contact with the reed, the latter being at the beat up, and the ordinary
detent of the taking-up gear being raised by the action of the weft motion.
We effect this improvement by combining with certain known mechanism
heretofore in use for enabling the motion of the weft lever to disengage the
ordinary driving and detaining clicks, a supplementary or additional detaining
click, which is momentarily disengaged and suspended from action at the
instant of each beat up. The means of this disengagement may be by a pro-
jection from the sley sword acting against an inclined part of a lever or arm
projecting from the boss of the supplementary click; but any other convenient
means or instrument actuated by the moving parts of the machine may be
employed for the purpose. The supplementary click, and also the ordinary
detaining click being both disengaged if any unwefted warp intervenes between

page_text: the last previously inserted pick and the reed, the cloth beam being left at
liberty, recoils, until the woven part has returned into contact with the reed.
This recoil, however, will only take place simultaneously with or after the
action of the weft motion, because it is necessary that the latter should first
have disengaged the ordinary detaining click. So soon as the reed begins to
recede, the supplementary click at once becomes re-engaged with the ratchet
wheel, and arrests the retrograde motion of the cloth. If no picks are deficient
the reed obstructs the backward motion of the cloth, and prevents the recoil.
The fourth of our said improvements has reference to the same part of
the loom, and is applicable to looms of the same kind as that lastly before
mentioned. It is also intended for the same purpose, but operates indepen-
dently of the weft motion. It consists in causing both the ordinary clicks of
the taking-up motion to be momentarily disengaged and suspended from action
at the instant when the reed has reached the beat up. The means of effecting
the disengagement of the clicks may be by a projection from the sley sword
acting against an inclined part of a lever connected to the clicks, but any
other convenient means or instrument actuated by the moving parts of the
machine may be adopted for the purpose. The clicks being disengaged, the
cloth beam will be at liberty to recoil if any picks are deficient, until the last
previously inserted pick comes into contact with and is stopped by the reed.
If no picks are absent, the reed prevents the recoil. When the reed begins
to retire, the clicks become re-engaged with the ratchet wheel, and their
taking-up action is resumed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Hudson and Christopher Catlow in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 27th January 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
HUDSON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, and CHRISTOPHER
CATLOW, of the same Place, Overlooker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Hudson and Christopher Catlow, Her special license that we,
the said William Hudson and Christopher Catlow, our executors, adminis
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Hudson

page_text: and Christopher Catlow, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of " CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said William Hudson and Christopher Catlow, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent. Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Hudson and Christopher
Catlow, do hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by this present instrument in writing, reference being had
unto the Drawings hereunto annexed, by means of the letters and numerical
characters marked thereon, which letters or characters when repeated are to
be understood always to indicate the same or similar parts or things.
The first of our said improvements is designed to mitigate the pressure
which the stop rod through the swell exerts upon the shuttle at the time of
the pick, and to render more prompt and certain the depression of the stop rod
tongue when the shuttle misses boxing. To qualify or regulate the motions
of the stop rod for this purpose, we avail ourselves of the reciprocating motion
of the sley by attaching to some convenient part of the stop rod a pendulous
weight, the "inertia" of which acts upon the stop rod in contrary directions
at different times, tending to elevate the stop rod tongue at one time and to
depress it at another. By the term "inertia we mean that property or
physical law of matter by virtue of which it resists any alteration in its state
of motion or of rest. The manner in which this property is rendered sub-
servient to the proposed end we will endeavour to explain with the aid of the
Diagram, Figure 1.
"
In this Diagram let a represent the transverse section of the sley and stop
rod when the crank is at the back centre, a' the same when the crank is at
the top centre, a the same when the crank is at the front centre, and a the
same when the crank is at the bottom centre, the dotted circle representing
the orbit of the crank. Let b represent a weight attached by a rigid connection
to the stop rod and pendant from the same, but, by preference, hung in such

page_text: a direction as to project forward at an angle with the sley sword. Being
suspended thus, it is evident that the gravitating force of the weight, or its
tendency towards the vertical position, will be partially exerted to turn the
stop rod upon its axis in the direction in which it is drawn by the ordinary
spring. Let c represent the tongue or finger of the stop rod, and let the
direction in which the crank revolves be indicated by the arrows upon the
dotted circle, and let the point c, marked upon the circle, represent the part of
the crank's orbit at which the stop rod tongue coincides with the frog; and
let f represent that point in the same which corresponds with the time of the
pick. The sley being considered in motion vibrating in the alternate directions
indicated by the arrows d, d', let it be observed how the weight 6 will be
affected by this motion, and how it will in its turn affect the condition of the
stop rod. Let us suppose that the sley, having just beaten up or completed
its traverse from back to front, that is to say, in the direction of the arrow d,
has arrived at the position a². The weight 6 having participated in the motion
of the sley, the effect of its inertia will be to maintain the acquired motion in the
same direction until the whole of that motion shall have been destroyed, or the
inertia overcome by some counteracting force. The weight being only capable
of moving round the axis of the stop rod, the tendency of this motion or
inertia will be to turn the stop rod in the direction indicated by the arrow &³,
which is the proper direction for elevating the stop rod tongue and withdrawing
the swell from the shuttle box. Although the motion of the sley is now
reversed, the inertia or acquired motion of the weight will still remain in
operation, and, in consequence of the high velocity with which the sley moves,
will be so large in amount as not to be destroyed by the retrograde motion of
the sley until that motion has been continued through a considerable part of
the sweep; and if the mass or quantity of matter of the weight and its distance
from the axis of the stop rod be rightly proportioned to the velocity of the sley,
the inertia or previously acquired motion of the weight will not be exhausted
until the sley has completed half its sweep and has arrived at the position a³,
the crank being at the bottom centre. The tendency of the weight 6 therefore
from the position a to the position a will be in the direction of the arrows
, . Now we have assumed that the pick takes place (as is usually the
case) when the crank is at a point f, between the front and bottom centres.
At the time when the pick is made, therefore, the inertia of the weight is still
acting as an opposing or counteracting force to that of its gravitation and to
that of the ordinary stop rod spring (if we suppose one to be applied). At
the instant of the pick therefore the inertia of the weight is a force acting in
resistance or opposition to those forces which tend to effect the depression of

page_text: the stop rod tongue, and acts in prevention or diminution of the pressure of
the swell upon the shuttle, thereby rendering the projection of the latter from
the box practicable with greater facility than if it were restrained by the
pressure of the swell, as in ordinary cases. During the residue of the backward
sweep of the sley, or between the positions a³ and a, the motion acquired by the
weight b during the previous forward sweep being exhausted, a certain quantity
of motion in a contrary direction is transferred thereto or accumulated therein.
The direction in which this motion or inertia tends to turn the stop rod is
now that indicated by the arrow 61, and it will be observed that it now acts not
in counteraction of or in opposition to the gravitation of the weight, but in aid
thereof and of the ordinary stop rod spring, so that its tendency is to depress
the stop rod tongue and to urge the swell into the shuttle box.. As in the
former instance the inertia of the weight 6 does not cease at the termination of
the sley's sweep, but continues after the reversal of its motion and during a
considerable part of its succeeding forward sweep, so that upon the arrival of
the sley at the position a' which is that corresponding with the top centre of the
crank's orbit, the inertia of the weight is still acting in the direction of the
arrow b³, and tending to depress the tongue of the stop rod, which, as we have
premised, ought to meet the frog about the point marked e in the Diagram.
During the remainder of the sweep, or while the sley is proceeding from the
position a', to the position a³, the previous motion of the weight will be
destroyed, and motion transferred thereto in the contrary direction, or that
indicated by the arrow 63, when the succession of changes before enumerated
will be repeated during the next following revolution of the crank. We may
observe that the object of the improvement being on the one hand to mitigate
or lessen the pressure upon the swell at the time of the pick by a moderate
counteraction of the depressing power of the stop rod, and on the other hand to
augment that power as much as practicable, and to insure the action of the
frog, there is no necessity for as large a development of inertia or momentum
in the weight b between the positions a³ and a³ as between a and a¹. Now at
the front centre, or the position a², the two forces of the inertia and gravitation
of the weight b are in opposition, so that the resulting force tending to turn
the stop rod in the direction of the arrow is only equal to their difference.
But at the back centre, or in the position a, the same two forces act conjointly,
so that the resulting force tending to turn the stop rod in the direction b' is
equal to their sum. Again, during the backward traverse of the sley in the
direction of the arrow d', the gravitation of the weight b is operating in aid of
the motion of the sley to destroy the previously acquired motion of the weight,
and to enable the latter to be sooner impressed with motion in the contrary

page_text: direction, while during the beat up or motion of the sley in the direction of the
arrow d, the same gravitation counteracts the effect of the sley's motion, and
contributes to retain the motion of the weight 6 in the direction of the arrow b¹
or 63, and so to increase and prolong the tendency thereof to depress the stop
rod tongue as the crank passes the top centre. From the foregoing it also
follows that the smaller amount of motion accumulated in the weight at the
beat up being sooner counteracted or neutralized, more motion will be acquired
by the weight during the backward than during the forward traverse of the sley,
and on the other hand, inasmuch as the larger quantity of motion accumulated
in the weight at the back extremity of the sweep is less rapidly destroyed,
a smaller quantity of motion will be acquired by the weight as the sley
approaches the beat up. All these circumstances conduce to the attainment
of the best ultimate result.
With the aid of Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, wo shall now exemplify the appli-
cation of the principle before explained, by shewing the best manner known to
us of turning it to practical account in the improvement of an eight-eighths or
nine-eighths calico power-loom of modern and ordinary construction, calculated
to make about one hundred and seventy picks per minute, looms of that
description being in more extensive use than other.
any
Figure 2 represents in front view, and Figure 3 in section, the form of the
weight which we use, drawn to a scale of about one-half of the natural size.
It consists of a small disc g of cast iron, with a tab or arm 9' projecting from
its upper side or edge, which arm or tab is for convenience formed in two
pieces or parts clamped together by a bolt 9 passing through the hole g. The
disc with its tab or arm we make for a loom of this description, and driven at
the speed mentioned, to weigh about one pound and a half, and suspend it so
that the distance from its centre to the axis of the stop rod shall be about
three inches. Each of the parts of the tab or arm has a semicircular recess,
which corresponds in position with a similar recess in the other part, the two
forming a round hole to receive the stop rod when the two parts are clamped
together upon it. We indent or corrugate the internal surfaces of these
recesses, so as to make them take a firmer gripe of the stop rod. Figure 4
shows a back view of a sley with its stop rod h and the weight g attached to it.
Figure 5 is a view of some of the parts of a loom as seen from the inside, the
Figure representing a vertical section through the middle of the loom length-
wise. In this Figure the weight 9 is seen edgewise clamped upon the stop
rod, the section of which appears at h. It will here be seen that the weight g
does not hang parallel with the sley sword, but in a direction diverging there-
from, the line of which, if produced, would intersect the line of the sley sword

page_text: at an angle of about thirty degrees. The reason of this has been before
explained. We recommend this angle of suspension as in our opinion the
best, but it is not a necessary condition of the arrangement, as considerable
latitude may be allowed in this respect, and the weight may even hang
vertically without detracting very much from the action of the apparatus. Iu
looms of the class now under consideration, we find that two weights made
and suspended according to the foregoing directions will regulate the stop rod
very well without the assistance of a spring. But the arrangement which we
prefer and recommend is to use only one weight, and to apply along with it a
spring of about half the usual strength. So far as our present experience ex-
tends we have found this manner of application to be attended upon the whole
with the most benefical result. The part of the stop rod to which we prefer
to attach the weight is near to one of its bearings, it having in that position
less tendency to deflect the stop rod; and when we apply a weight and spring
together we affix the weight near to the sley sword, to which the spring is not
attached, so that the stress of the weight and the spring may be divided
between the two ends of the stop rod. To prevent excessive recoil or vibration
in the stop rod, we furnish it at some convenient point with an horizontal tongue
or finger pointing forwards under the sley beam, like the ordinary stop rod
tongue; it is shewn at i in Figure 5. Opposite this tongue or finger we
attach to the sley beam a small bracket seen at k, the foot of which overhangs
the tongue or finger i, and carries a small cushion of india-rubber, felt, or
cork, against which the tongue or finger i may impinge, and hinder the stop
rod from turning further in that direction, preventing also the clatter or
unpleasant noise with which its motions might otherwise be accompanied.
We find the working of stop rods furnished with our pendulous weights con-
siderably improved by another slight variation in their construction, which
consists in making the swell in the form of a horizontal friction roller, the
edge of which projects into the shuttle box, and is lifted by the shuttle in the
ordinary manner. They are represented in Figures 4 and 5 at 1, 1. They are
about two and a half inches in diameter, and their edges project about the
usual distance into the shuttle boxes through holes in the backboards, pre-
senting themselves internally at about the same places as the bellies of the
common swells. They are carried by the ends of the stop rod which are
prolonged to accommodate them, and bent first backwards and then upwards,
so as to present their extremities in a vertical position to form the axes or pivots
of the rollers which are mounted and revolve upon them, as shewn in the
Drawing, an inspection of which will make the whole arrangement intelligible
without further explanation. This modification of the swells does not form a

page_text: necessary nor essential part of our present Invention, as the pendulous weights
are compatible and will work well with the ordinary swells, but we recom-
mend it as conducive to the easy liberation and reception of the shuttle from
and into the shuttle boxes.
The purpose of our second improvement is the same as that of our first, but
accomplished by different means. This improvement consists in modifying the
action of the stop rod by attaching thereto a pendant vane blade or plate, the
surfaces of which being nearly in the plane of the sley swords, encounter
the resistance of the atmosphere alternately, according to the direction in
which the sley is moving. In Figure 6 we have delineated at m a front view
of such a plate or vane, attached to a part of a stop rod h by similar means to
those used in the case of the weight before described. Figure 7 is an edge
view of the same. The plate may be of any light material, having an extended
surface. We recommend iron plate, tinned or untinned. The plate shewn
in the Drawing has an area of about forty-five square inches, and is supposed
to be applied in conjunction with a light spring. Bearing in mind the
explanation before given of the action of the weight used in the first improve-
ment, and that the object of the present improvement is the same, the effect
of the vane in regulating or modifying the action of the stop rod will be easily
understood. When the sley is beating up or moving in the direction of the
arrow n (see Figure 7), the pressure of the atmosphere on the anterior surface
of the vane m will operate to force the latter back in the direction of the
arrow n', and thereby tend to depress the stop rod tongue, which is the result
aimed at in this part of the course of the sley's vibration. On the other hand,
as the sley recedes in the direction indicated by the arrow o, the posterior
surface of the vane m will meet the resistance of the atmosphere, and will
thereby be pressed in the direction of the arrow o', which is the direction
proper for turning the stop rod, so as to relieve the shuttle from the pressure
of the swell, that being the result aimed at in this part of the sley's traverse.
The vane is thus made to operate in relieving the pressure of the swell as the
sley recedes, and in depressing the stop rod tongue as the sley advances. One
vane may be applied, or two or more at discretion, regard being had to the
area of surface which they present, and to the distance of their centres of
percussion from the axis of the stop rod. No rules can be laid down upon
these points, because the proportions will depend upon variable conditions, such
as the velocity of the sley's motion, the weight of the shuttle used, the strength
of the spring applied (if any), and other circumstances. As in the case of the
pendulous weights, the vane or vanes can be used alone or as auxiliary to a
light spring. A vane or vanes may also be used conjointly with a pendulous

page_text: weight or weights. The extra finger or tongue i, and the elastic cushion, are
to be applied in this in the same manner as in the first improvement. In the
example before given, the centre of percussion is supposed to be about three
inches from the axis of the stop rod.
We have described the manner of carrying into effect both the foregoing
improvements as applicable to ordinary calico looms of the kind in most
general use. To point out all the slight variations which might be admissible
or advisable in adapting the improvements to other kinds of looms would be
impracticable, and is also unnecessary, inasmuch as they require only that
degree of care and intelligence which mechanics are ordinarily called upon to
exercise in adapting the parts of machines to the special circumstances under
which the machines are to work. From the data given, any mechanic con-
versant with power-weaving machinery will be able to apply the Invention
to any looms of which ho understands the construction.
The third of our said improvements has reference to that part of the
mechanism of a power-loom which effects the taking up of the cloth as it is
woven.
We shall explain
This improvement is applicable only to looms in which the taking up
of the cloth and the winding thereof upon the cloth beam are effectuated by
the frictional adhesion or contact of a beam or roller, commonly known as the
"emery roller." This roller performs its functions independently of the
insertion of the weft. Consequently, when the evolutions of the loom proceed
without the due insertion of the weft, unwefted intervals are left in the cloth,
technically termed "galls" or "cracks." These defects are apt to occur
immediately after the action of the weft motion, in consequence of the advance
of the cloth during the time which is occupied by the weft motion in stopping
the loom. The purpose of the present improvement is to obviate them by
permitting the cloth beam in such cases to recoil or turn back until the last
inserted pick of weft touches the reed at the beat up.
the manner of carrying into effect this improvement by reference to Figure 8,
which represents a view in elevation from the inside of the loom of as much of
the taking-up apparatus as is connected with our subject. In the said
Figure, prepresents the ratchet wheel; p¹, the dog or click, which causes it
to revolvo by gathering a tooth at each vibration of the lever 1, to the top of
which the click p¹ is jointed; q is the detaining click, pivoted on a rod at q',
which passes across the loom, and is furnished at the other end with a vertica!
arm resting against and actuated by the weft lever. By the action of the
latter on the rod g', as soon as the weft motion has operated, the detaining click q
is raised out of gear with the ratchet wheel P₁ for the purpose of preventing
the taking up from proceeding further without the weft being duly put in.

page_text: It must be borne in mind, however, that before the click 9 becomes thus
disengaged, the cloth has usually been advanced a distance equal to the space
of three or four picks without being wefted; ps is a small arm, projecting
forward from the driving click p¹, and resting upon the extremity of the
detaining click q, or upon a projection from it; by this arm whenever the
detaining click q is lifted clear of the ratchet wheel, the driving click p' is also
lifted and disengaged from the same wheel. All the parts now described aro
old and well known. Our improvement consists in the addition thereto of the
supplementary or additional detaining click r, which is momentarily disengaged
from the ratchet wheel, and suspended from action at the instant of each beat
up of the sley. This click is pivoted on a stud in the loom side at r. Its
disengagement from the ratchet wheel at the required times may be effected
by any of the various means practicable for the purpose. That which we
adopt is represented in the Drawing, and is as follows:-An arm is attached
to the boss of the supplementary click r. This arm projects towards the sley,
and the under side of its extremity in that direction is formed into an inclined
plane or edge, as at 7. Upon a brackets, affixed to and projecting forward
from the front of the sley sword, is a friction roller s', and the bracket s is so
proportioned as to the distance which it projects, and so placed as to its height,
that every time the sley beats up the roller s' acts against the incline r³, and
raises the click rout of the teeth of the ratchet wheel. Now if, in consequence
of the deficiency of weft, the weft motion shall have been brought into action,
the ordinary driving and detaining clicks will thereby have been both
disengaged, and at the next following beat up of the sley the supplementary
click will be momentarily disengaged also. The ratchet wheel p will
therefore be wholly freed from restraint, and if any unwefted warp intervenes
between the last previously inserted pick and the reed, the cloth beam being
also at liberty will recoil until the woven or duly wefted part of the web has
returned into contact with the reed. So soon as the reed recedes, the supple-
mentary click r again falls, and becoming re-engaged with the ratchet wheel,
arrests the retrograde motion of the web. If no picks are deficient, the reed
obstructs the backward motion of the cloth, and prevents the recoil of the
beam.
The fourth of our improvements is of a like nature with that lastly
described, but operates independently of and without any connection with the
weft motion. It consists in causing both the ordinary detaining click and the
ordinary driving click to be momentarily disengaged and suspended from
action at every beat up of the sley. We shall explain the manner of carrying
it into effect by the aid of Figure 5, in which so much of the taking up.

page_text: mechanism as is affected by it is delineated. p is the ratchet wheel, p¹ the
driving click, and p³ its lever; q is the detaining click, and p³ is the arm of the
driving click, by which it is raised along with the detaining click as in Figure 8,
all these parts being old. Our present improvement is effected by attaching
to the boss of the detaining click an arm t, the boss common to the two being
pivoted on a stud t¹ in the loom side. The arm t projects towards the sley, and
the under side of its extremity in that direction is formed into an inclined
plane. The elevation of this arm raises both the clicks and q, and leaves
the ratchet wheel at liberty. The elevation of the armt may be effected by
any practicable means. We show in the Drawing that which we prefer, which
consists in a friction roller v¹, mounted on the sley sword by means of the
bracket v, in a similar manner to that represented in Figure 8, and before
described. The roller v' acts against the inclined part of the arm t at each
beat up of the sley, and thereby raises the clicks 9 and p', and sets the ratchet
wheel
p at liberty, whereupon the cloth beam being also released recoils, if any
picks are deficient, until the last previously inserted pick comes into contact
with and is stopped by the reed. If no picks are absent the reed prevents
the recoil. When the sley retires the clicks become re-engaged with the
ratchet wheel, and their taking up action is resumed.
We have now fully described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, and in order to ascertain the precise extent
thereof, shall now conclude by briefly recapitulating the improvements which
we claim as of our Invention, and as secured to us by the aforesaid Letters
Patent; they are,-
Firstly, the use and application, according to the method herein-before
pointed out, of a pendulous weight or heavy body attached to or suspended
from the stop rod of a power loom in such manner that the "inertia " thereof
or the "motion" transferred thereto by the motion of the 'sley shall operate
or tend to turn the stop rod in such directions and at such times or parts of
the sley's traverse as to relieve the shuttle from pressure at the time of the
pick, and to depress the stop rod tongue as the sley beats up.
Secondly, the use and application of a plate or vane attached to the stop rod
of a power toon in the manner herein-before described, and so that the resist-
auce of the atmosphere against the surfaces of the plate or vane, as the sley
vibrates to and fro, may tend to cause partial rotation of the stop rod in
alternate directions, so as to aid in relieving the pressure of the swell as the
sley recedes, and in depressing the stop-rod tongue as the sley beats up.
Thirdly, the use in and application to the taking-up apparatus of power-
looms, which take up the cloth by means of "emery rollers," of a sup-

page_text: plementary or additional detaining click, which is momentarily disengaged
and suspended from action at the instant of each beat up of the sley, for the
purpose of allowing the cloth beam to recoil according to the manner and
arrangement herein-before described and set forth.
Fourthly, the use in and application to the taking-up apparatus of power-
looms, which take up the cloth by means of "emery rollers," of an arm
connected with the detaining click, and through that with the driving click,
whereby at each beat up of the sley both the said clicks are disengaged from
the ratchet wheel, and the cloth beam allowed to recoil according to the
manner and in the form herein-before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Willian Hudson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Signed and sealed by the said William
Hudson, in the presence of
JN°. TAYLER, Patent Agent,
Manchester.
WILLIAM HUDSON. (L.S.)