Improvements in and Connected with Heating Apparatus, Water Closets, and Lavatories for Railway Cars.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 26th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 30th Nov., 1888
Improvements in and Connected with Heating Apparatus, Water
Closets, and Lavatories for Railway Cars.
I, JOSEPH SHACKLETON of No. 4.1 Courtland Street in the City of New York, State
of New York, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists in improved apparatus for heating railway cars both by
steam and hot water and has for its object to rapidly heat the car by the use of steam
heat alone and subsequently to maintain a constant temperature throughout the car by
the use of hot water.
In my present improvements the steam is carried through pipes running along the
upper portions of the cars and the steam and water of condensation descends into
heating pipes or radiators within the car so that the hot water aids in warming the
car and the main steam pipes are always free to receive exhaust steam from the engine
or live steam from the boiler.
1 provide compartments at the rear and forward ends of the car, in diagonally
opposite corners, and each compartment contains a water closet, a basin, and
a urinal.
The main steam pipe enters the car at its forward end and passes along through the
car near the roof, and said pipe is bent to clear the lamps suspended from said roof.
This steam supply pipe can be connected with the locomotive boiler or with a
supplementary boiler located at the roar of the tender to supply live steam or it may
receive the exhaust steam or a portion of it.
Flexible couplings are used to connect the main steam supply pipes of adjacent cars.
A radiator is located near each end of the car and is supplied with steam from the
main supply steam pipe by a branch pipe having a suitable valve.
A water pipe extends along the bottom of the car and at one side of the same and is
connected with the radiators and receives water of condensation and it is also con-
nected by a pipe and cock with a tank located above one of the compartments before
referred to.
Two such water tanks, and water pipes are generally used for each car and usually
all the parts with the exception of the inain steam supply pipe are in duplicate. Each

page_text: water pipe is provided with an upward leg closed at the top and within each water
pipe is a small steam pipe the ends of which extend into the water legs and said small
steam pipe is connected with the main steam pipe by a pipe and cock.
Water is supplied to or accumulates in the water pipe and can rise to an overflow
pipe connected with the water leg and this overflow pipe may be on a level with the
top of the radiator so that the latter will be filled with hot water.
The overflow pipe projects into one of the water closets or into a chamber hereafter
explained, and said overflow pipe is provided with a cock to prevent the escape of
liquid when desired.
The live steam entering the small steam pipe from the main supply pipe heats the
water in the water pipe and in the radiator. The condensing steam causes a gradual
rise of water in the water pipe and the surplus water flows out through the overflow
pipe. The water thus heated warms the car combined with the heat radiated from
the main supply steam pipe.
To remove the surplus water from the water pipe or when the car is laid up for the
night I provide for forcing up said water into the water tank.
There is a branch pipe leading from the steam supply pipe to the water tank and
said tank is provided with an air cock; by blowing live steam through the tank, the
air is expelled and a vacuum formed therein as the steam condenses. By closing the
valve in the branch pipe last referred to, and also the air cock, the water is forced
into the tank through a pipe leading from the top of the water leg, and by closing a
valve in the last named pipe the water is retained in the tank by the pressure of the
steam or by the atmospheric pressure after the cars are uncoupled.
Where it is desired to have the car continuously heated while in the yard, I provide
an additional steam generator at the bottom of the car and said generator can be
heated by gaseous or other fuel.
A steam supply pipe from this generator is connected to the small steam pipe
within the water, and hence supplies steam to the whole apparatus.
The water closet may be of any desired character but the discharge from the same
is not direct to the outside of the car but to a chamber at the side of the closet and
beneath the wash basin. The urinal also discharges into this chamber. Said
chamber has a gate or valve at its bottom that is closed automatically or by hand
when the train comes into a station or depot and remains closed so as to retain water
and other substances, and this valve is opened when the train is running so that the
water may be discharged where it will not be objectionable.
The connection from the steam pipe of one car to the next is preferably a rubber
hose having an internal wire helix and an external wire helix, the coils of the external
being intermediate to the coils of the internal helix, so as to corrugate the rubber
and increase its elasticity endwise and at the same time the wire helices keep the
connection straight and level or nearly so to prevent water of condensation
remaining in the flexible pipe and obstructing the flow of steam.
The metallic unions for the ends of the flexible tube may be of any desired
character.

page_text: Closets, and Lavatories for Railway Cars.
I, JOSEPH SHACKLETON, of No. 41 Courtland Street in the City of New York, State
of New York United States of America, Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention consists in improved apparatus for heating railway cars both by
steam and hot water, and has for its object to rapidly heat the car by the use of steam
heat alone, and subsequently to maintain a constant temperature throughout the car
by the use of hot water.
In cases where steam from the locomotive or from a separate boiler has been
availed of in heating railway cars, the water of condensation has been liable to
obstruct the free circulation of the steam.
In my present improvements the steam is carried through pipes running along the
upper portions of the cars and the steam and water of condensation descend into
beating pipes or radiators within the car so that the hot water aids in warming the
car, and the main steam pipes are always free to receive exhaust steam from the engine
or live steam from the boiler.
The steam pipe coupling between the cars are flexible but remain level or nearly' so
in order that there may not be any accumulation of water within such couplings.
The radiators in the car are heated by the steam and hot water and provision is
made for drawing the accumulated water of condensation up into a reservoir that
is exhausted by the action of steam, and this water is utilized for washing purposes,
for cleaning closets and urinals, and a receptacle is provided for such impure water,
so that it may be retained while the cars are at depots or stations and discharged
after leaving said stations.
Steam from a stationary boiler or from the locomotive may be blown through the
Hames
apparatus while the cars are at rest in the depot, for warming the same, or gas
or other source of heat may be applied to a part of the apparatus holding water so
as to warm the cars, without steam from the engine.
By this improvement the car does not become cold with rapidity, because the water
of condensation remains hot even after the car is separated from the steam supply.
The water closet is washed with warm water and the usual direct external opening is
dispensed with, which adds to the comfort of travelling. Fresh air for ventilation
is admitted close to the radiators so as to enter the car in a warm condition.
In the drawing Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of the ends and central
portion of a car equipped with my improvements. Figure 2 is a plan view, the outline

page_text: of the car being represented by dotted lines. Figure 3 is a vertical cross section of a
car on a larger scale than the preceding figures, fitted with my improved apparatus.
Figure 4 is a section at the junction of the pipes S, S₁ and W, and Figure 5 is a
section of the coupling for connecting the steam pipes of two adjacent cars.
In this drawing I have shewn a railway car A provided at its rear and forward
ends in diagonally opposite corners with compartments B, such as contain a water
closet C, a basin D, and urinal U. S is a main steam supply pipe which enters the
car at its forward end and passes through the same, said pipe being bent near the
ends of the ear to clear the lamps and other appurtenances suspended from the roof.
This steam supply pipe S can be connected with the locomotive boiler, or with a
supplementary boiler, located at the rear of the tender, to supply live steam, or it may
receive the exhaust steam or a portion of it.
Flexible couplings E Figure 1 are used to connect the steam supply pipes S of
adjacent cars. A radiator Figures 1 and 2 is located near each end of the car, at
suitable places and supplied with steam from the steam pipe S by a branch pipe F,
buying a suitable valve j.
Wis a water pipe extending along the bottom of the car and to one side of the
same, and it is connected with the radiator R and receives water of condensation,
and it is also connected by means of a pipe G with a tank T located above the
compartments B.
A suitable valve 9 is introduced into the pipe G.
g
Two such water pipes W and two tanks Tare generally used for each car, the same
being located respectively on opposite sides thereof, and usually all the parts with the
exception of the steam pipe S are in duplicate.
Each water pipe Wis provided with upwardly projecting branches or legs H H
which are closed at their top ends by suitable plugs or caps, and within each of the
said water pipes is placed a smaller steam pipe S', the ends of which extend into the
leg H, H, and rise to the desired level therein. The steam pipe S' is connected with
the main steam pipe S by a branch pipes in which latter a suitable valve V is
placed.
Water is supplied to or accumulates in the water pipe W and the water fills the
same and can rise to an overflow pipe O connected with one of the water legs. This
overflow pipe may be on a level above the top of the radiators so that the latter will
be filled with hot water. The overflow pipe projects into one of the water closets C
or it can be led into a chamber M hereinafter described. By means of the cock 0¹
therein, the escape of liquid can be prevented when desired. The live steam entering
the steam pipe from the main supply pipe S heats the water contained in the
pipe W and in the radiator R. The condensing steam causes a gradual rise of water
in the water pipe and the surplus water flows out through the overflow pipe 0. The
water thus heated warms the car combined with the heat radiating from the steam
pipes S. To remove the surplus water from the pipe W or when the car is laid over
for the night, I provide for drawing up said water into the tank T as follows:
pipe I, Figs. 1 and 2, is led from the main supply pipe S into the tank and the tank
itself is provided with an air cock J so that by blowing live steam through the tank
the air is expelled and a vacuum is formed therein as the steam condenses.
A
By closing the valve in the pipe I and also the air cock J, the water is forced
into the tank T and by closing the valve g of the pipe G it is retained therein by the
pressure of the steam or by the atmospheric pressure after the cars are uncoupled.
Before starting the car in the morning the steam pipe S is connected with the
boiler of the locomotive or any other boiler und steam enters the pipe W and also the
radiators and there is a large area of radiating surface so that the car is heated very
rapidly. After the car is heated the water can be allowed to flow into the water
ripe W from the tank T.
In cases where it is desired to have the car continually heated while in the yard I
provide an additional steam generator K which is located at the bottom of the car and
can be heated with a gaseons or other fuel. The steam supply pipe k of this steam
generator is connected with the steam pipe S' and therefore with the entire heating

page_text: apparatus. A suitable connection with a gas reservoir can be made by means of a
flexible tube. It will be observed that by the use of my system a car can be rapidly
heated before the start by the use of live steam and pipes having a large radiating
surface and subsequently the car can be heated by hot water.
The water closet C can be of any desired character but the discharge from the same
is not direct to the outside of the car, but to a chamber M and the urinal U and
basin C discharge into the same chamber M and at the bottom or at one side of this
chamber M is a gate or valve m' that is closed automatically or by hand when the
train comes into a station or depot and remains closed, so as to retain the water and
other substances, and this valve is opened when the train is running so that water may
be discharged when it will not be objectionable.
The connection from the steam pipe of one car to the next is preferably a rubber
hose E having an internal wire helice e¹ and an external wire helix e², the coils of
which are intermediate to the internal coils so as to corrugate the rubber and increase
its elasticity endwise, and at the same time the wire helices keep the connection
straight and level or nearly so, to prevent water of condensation remaining in the
flexible pipe and obstructing the flow of steam. The metallic unions or connections
for the ends are of any desired character, I prefer the tubular slip couplings shewn
with helical springs at opposite sides of the flange on the tube of the coupling.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a steam supply pipe, a water pipe, an
auxiliary steam pipe within the water pipe and opening into the same and a connection
between the auxiliary steam pipe and the steam supply pipe, substantially as shewn
and described.
2. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a water pipe having vertical water
legs, a steam pipe located within the water pipe and extending into the water leg and
an overflow from one of the water legs substantially as shewn and described.
3. The combination with the steam supply pipe and a water pipe, of an auxiliary
steam pipe, located within the latter and opening into the same, an overflow for the
water pipe an elevated tank connected with the water pipe and a connection between
the steam supply pipe and the auxiliary steam pipe, substantially as shewn and
described.
4. A car beating apparatus consisting of a steam supply pipe, a water pipe, an
auxiliary steam pipe within the latter, and opening into the same, an overflow for the
water pipe, an elevated tank connected with the water pipe and provided with an air
cock and a connection of the tank with the steam supply pipe for creating a vacuum
in the former, substantially as shewn and described.
5. The combination in a car heating apparatus, of a steam supply pipe, a water pipe,
an auxiliary steam pipe within the latter and opening into the same, an overflow for
the water pipe, a radiator connected with the water and steam pipes, an elevated tank
and means substantially as set forth for clevating the water to the tank from the water
pipe and radiator, substantially as shewn and described.
6. The combination with the steam supply pipe and a water pipe, of a radiator
connected with both said pipes substantially as shewn and described.
7. The combination with the steam supply pipe, a water pipe, a tank connected
with the latter, means for creating a vacuum in the tank and a connection between
the steam and water pipes, substantially as shewn and described.
8. The combination with the railway cars, of radiators within the car and steam
pipes passing along the upper parts of the cars and a flexible coupling connecting the
steam pipes of one car with that of the next, said flexible coupling being level or
nearly so, to prevent the accumulation therein of water of condensation substantially
as set forth.

page_text: 9. The combination with the steam heating pipes, in railway cars, of flexible pipes
having internal and external wire helices and metallic coupling connections at the
ends, substantially as set forth.
10. The combination with the water closet and basin in a railway car, of a chamber
into which the contents of the basin and closet respectively are discharged and a valve
to allow said chamber to be discharged periodically, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 26th day of October 1888.
JOSEPH SHACKLETON.
By Brewer & Son,
33, Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agents.