IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING POTS OR PANS AND MUFFLES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MELTING FURNACES, HEATING FURNACES, PUDDLING FURNACES, AND OTHER SIMILAR FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rose, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING POTS OR PANS AND MUFFLES, PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MELTING FURNACES, HEATING
FURNACES, PUDDLING FURNACES, AND OTHER SIMILAR FURNACES."
Sealed the 18th March 1870, and dated the 4th October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Rose at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th October 1869.
I, GEORGE ROSE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING POTS OR PANS AND MUFFLES,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MELTING FURNACES,
HEATING FURNACES, PUDDLING FURNACES, AND OTHER SIMILAR FURNACES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in constructing and arranging in the
manner herein-after described the parts by which the said annealing
pots or pans and muffles and furnaces are heated, whereby a perfect or
[Price 8d.]

page_text: nearly perfect combustion of the fuel employed is effected and the
formation of smoke wholly or mainly prevented.
I will describe this part of "iny Invention as applied to an annealing
pot. I make in the arch or roof of the fire-place or furnace in which the
combustion of the fuel takes place a series of nearly vertical flues.
These flues are of a curved figure and open at top into the annular flue
or chamber in which the annealing pot is built or situated and conduct
the flame and products of combustion thereto. Horizontal flues are
made in the brickwork of the annealing chamber or furnace, their inner
ends opening into the curved or nearly vertical flues passing from fire-
place. The outer ends of the said horizontal flues are open to the
atmosphere, the amount of air passing through the said flues being
regulated by sliding dampers or perforated plates or perforated slabs.
The front of the fire-place is closed by a door perforated with a series of
small holes. As the flame and products of combustion from the fuel in
the said fire-place ascend the nearly vertical flues atmospheric air is
supplied thereto by the horizontal Hues described.
By the mingling of
atmospheric air with the highly heated unburnt combustible products
a further combustion takes place in the said flues before the said products
reach the chamber in which the annealing pot is situated. The said
nearly vertical"flues are thus made to constitute additional or supple-
mentary combustion chambers. The whole or greater part of the smöke
and the unburned combustible products are by this means effectually
burnt and economy of fuel thereby secured.
,"
The construction and arrangement of the flues described are also
applicable to inelting furnaces, heating furnaces, puddling furnaces, and
other furnaces of similar construction.
My Invention consists further in arranging the heating flues of
anuealing pots so as to cause them to have or bear a certain given
proportion of heating surface to the quantity of metal to be annealed.
My Invention consists further in so constructing the bearers of the
fire-bars of the fire-grates of the sail annealing pots or pans and muffles
and furnaces, that plain wrought or cast iron bars placed between
equidistant snags formed on the bearers shall produce an equally
divided air space over the whole of the grate surface.
My Invention consists further in placing within the flues (in such a
position as the nature of the operation may require) a plate of iron or
perforated brick or slab so formed as to spread the flame 'uniformly over

page_text: 1.:.
the surface of the article to be annealed or heated. This part of my
Invention is applicable to furnaces, annealing pots or pans, muffles, and
other apparatus wherein high temperatures are required.
My Invention consists further in so constructing the lids or covers of
annealing pots or pans that the lid. or cover forms part of a flue of the
same capacity as the other portion of the flue formed by the brickwork
around the aunealing pot er pan. This 1 effect by making the said lid
or cover of a convex figure anl using a dome-shaped top to the aunealing
chamber in which the pot is placed. A flue of the same capacity as that
between the sides of the annealing chamber and pot is thus made
between the top of the said chamber and top of the pot,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Rose in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th March 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PR SENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ROSE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of October, in the year of our
Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-third
year of Hor reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said George Rose, Her special licence that I, the
said George Rose, my executors, administrators, and assigns," or such
others as I, the said George Rose, ny executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingilom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Chanuel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING
POTS OR PANS AND MUFFLES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO MELTING FURNACES, HEATING FURNACES, PUDDLING FURNACES, AND OTHER
SIMILAR FURNACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Rose, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals should

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Rose, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists, firstly, in constructing and arranging in the
manner herein-after described the parts by which the said annealing
pots or pans and muffles and furnaces are heated, whereby a perfect or
nearly perfect combustion of the fuel employed is effected and the
formation of smoke wholly or mainly prevented.
I will describe this part of my Invention as applied to an annealing
pot. I make in the arch or roof of the fire-place or furnace in which
the combustion of the fuel takes place a series of nearly vertical flues.
These flues are of a curved figure, and open at top into the annular
flue or chamber in which the annealing pot is built or situated and
conduct the flame and products of combustion thereto. Horizontal
flues are made in the brick work of the annealing chamber or furnace,
their inner ends opening into the curved or nearly vertical flues passing
from the fire-place. The outer ends of the said horizontal flues are opeu
to the atmosphere, the amount, of air passing through the said flues being
regulated by sliding dampers or perforated plates or perforated slabs.
The front of the fire-place is .closed by a door perforated with a series
of small holes. As the flame and products of combustion from the fuel
in the said fire-place ascend the nearly vertical flues atmospheric air is
supplied thereto by the horizontal flues described. By the mingling of
atmospheric air with the highly heated unburnt combustible products
a further combustion takes place in the said flues before the said products
reach the chamber in which the annealing pot is situated. The said
nearly vertical flues are thus made to constitute additional or supple-
mentary combustion chambers. The whole or greater part of the
unburnt combustible products are by this means effectually burnt, and
economy of fuel thereby secured and smoke prevented.
The arrangement of the flues described is also applicable to melting
furnaces, heating furnaces, puddling furnaces, and other furnaces of
similar construction.

page_text: My Invention consists further in arranging the heating flues of
annealing pots and furnaces so as to cause them to have or bear a
certain given proportion of heating surface to the quantity of metal
to be annealed or heated.
My Invention consists further in so constructing the bearers of the
fire-bars of the fire-grates of the said annealing pots or pans and muffles
and furnaces that plain wrought or cast iron bars placed between
equidistant snugs formed on the bearers shall produce an equally divided
air space over the whole of the grate surface.
My Invention consists further in placing within the flues (in such a
position as the nature of the operation may require) a plate of iron or
perforated brick or slab so formed as to spread the flame uniformly over
the surface of the article to be annealed or heated. This part of my
Invention is applicable to furnaces, annealing pots or pans, muffles, and
other apparatus wherein high temperatures are required.
My Invention consists further in so constructing the lids or covers
of annealing pots or pans that the lid or cover forms part of a flue of
the same capacity as the other portion of the flue formed by the
brickwork around the annealing pot or pan. This I effect by making
the said lid or cover of a convex figure, and using a dome-shaped top
to the annealing chamber in which the pot is placed. A flue of the
same capacity as that between the sides of the annealing chamber and
pot is thus made between the top of the said chamber and top of the
pot.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to de-
scribe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in which
the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents partly in front elevation and partly in vertical
section an annealing pot or pan containing my improvements, and
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same taken on the line a, a,
Figure 1. The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in each
Figure.
b is the fire-place or furnace of the annealing pot in which the com-
bustion of the fuel takes place. In the arch or roof c of the said fire-
place b, is a series of nearly vertical flues d, d. The position of these flues
around the arch is best seen in the horizontal section, Figure 2. The
flues d, d, open at bottom into the fire-place b, and at top into the

page_text: annular flue or chamber e in which the annealing pot f is built and
conduct the flame and products of combustion from the said fire-place
to the said fluo or chamber e. g, g, are horizontal flues made in the
brickwork of the annealing chamber. The inner ends of the said hori-
zontal flues g. 9, open into the annular flue 92 (see Figure 2), and the
said flue g communicates with the nearly vertical fines d, d. The outer
ends of the horizontal flues g, g, are open to the atmosphere. At the
said outer ends of the flues g, g, are sliding dampers or perforated plates
or slabs for regulating the amount of air entering the said flues 7, g;
one of these perforated plates is marked in Figure 1, and slides in the
frame. The fire-place is closed by a perforated door k. As the
flame and, products of combustion from the fire-place b ascend the
flues d, d, atmospheric air, is supplied to the said flues d, d, by the hori-
zontal flues 9, 9, and annular flue g². By thus supplying air to the
highly heated unburnt combustible matters in the flues d, d, the said
combustible matters are wholly or mainly burnt before they pass to the
chamber e around the annealing, pot f. The whole or nearly the whole
of the combustible gases from the fire-place bare by this means effec-
tually burnt, smoke prevented, and economy of fuel thereby secured.
The lid or cover f of the annealing pot or pan is made of the convex
figure represented in Figure 1, and the top of the annealing chamber
is made of a dome shape. A flue marked min Figure 1 of the same
capacity as that of the flue e between the annealing chamber and pot
is thus made, between the top of the chamber and top of the pot. In
order to spread the flame and heated air nuiformly over the surface of
the annealing pot I employ a ring of metal or other material at the
top of the flue e. This ring of metal has a series of perforations at
the same distance from each other as the flues d, d, but the said ring is
so placed with respect to the flues d, d, that the openings in the said
ring are not over the said flues d, d, the unperforated parts of the said ring
being over the said fines d, d. By this arrangement the flame and heated
air are prevented from ascending vertically from the flues d. d, to the
top flue m, the current being broken in its ascent and deflected late: ally
by the unperforated parts of the said ring. The said perforated ring is
removable at pleasure. This arrangement gives great uniformity to the
heating of the annealing pot.
This part of my Invention is applicable to furnaces as well as to an-
nealing pots, the ring or plate being placed in such a positi n as the
nature of the operation may require.

page_text: My improvements in forming an equally divided air space over the
whole of the grate surface are represented in connection with the
annealing pot, Figure 1, and the billet heating reverberatory furnace
represented in side elevation in Figure 3 and horizontal section in
Figure 4. n, n, are the bearers supporting the plain fire-bars p, p; and
9, 9, are the snugs or projections on the bearers n between which the
fire-bars are placed and supported. By an examination of Figure 4
it will be seen that the width of the snugs q is equal to that of the fire.
bars p, so that a closed space of the grate alternates with an open space
of the same size. An equally divided air space over the whole of the
grate surface is thereby produced. The proportion between the grate
surface and the flue e surrounding the annealing pot f which I find to
answer best in practice and which I prefer to adopt is for every square
foot of grate surface an area of 25 inches in the said flue e, the area
referred to of the said flue being that of its horizontal section, that
is to say, a horizontal section taken through the annular flue e will
have an area of 25 square inches for every square foot of area in the
fire-grate p.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the manner in which I supply air to the
bridges of billet heating furnaces and other reverberatory furnaces.
7, 8, are the walls of the hollow bridge, and is the air chamber between
the walls r, s, through which chamber air from the external atmo-
sphere is supplied to the bridge; u is a perforated door through which
the air enters in a series of small jets and its quantity regulated or
moderated. In this and like furnaces I preserve the same ratio between
the area of the bridge flue and that of the fire-grate.
furnace, Figures 3 and 4, the area of the part v, s, of the
to that of the fire-grate as 25 inches to one foot.
Thus in the
bridge flue is
Having now described the nature of my Inventiou, and the manner
in which the same is to be performel, I do not limit myself to the
precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be
varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim
as my Invention,-
Firstly. The construction and arrangement of the flues d, 9, aud 9%
of annealing pots or pans and muffles for conducting the heated air and
combustible gases from the fire-place to the annealing pot, pan, or
muffle, and for supplying air to the said heated air and combustible
gases for completing the combastion of the same, substantially as herein-

page_text: before described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawing. Also the application of the said construction and arrange-
iment of flues' to such other furnaces as the same are or inay be appli-
cable to.
Secondly. Making over the top of the annealing pot, pan, or muffle
a flue m of the same capacity as that of the flue e around the said pot,
pan, or muffle, as herein-before described and illustrated in Figure 1 of
the accompanying Drawing.
Thirdly. Deflecting the heated air and products of combustion in the
flue e of the annealing pot, pan, or muffle by means of a perforated
ring or plate at or near the top of the said flue e, the said ring or plate
being constructed and arranged as herein-before described, and the
application of a like ring or plate to other furnaces.
Fourthly. Making snugs or projections on the upper surfaces of the
bearers of the fire-bars of aunealing pots and furnaces for the purpose
of preserving the said bars at such a distance apart as shall produce
an equally divided air space over the whole of the grate surface, as
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 3, and 4 of the
accompanying Drawing.
Lastly. Making the area of the flues of anuealing pots, paus, and
muffles and other furnaces somewhat greater than that of the fire-grate,
substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Rose, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
GEORGE ROSE. (L.S.)