IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bullough, Manufacturer, David
Whittakor, Overlooker, and John Walmesley, Mechanical Designer,
all of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention
of IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES
Sealed the 8th January 1853, and dated the 5th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bullough,
David Whittaker, and John Walmesley at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th October
1852.
We, JAMES BULLOUGH, Manufacturer, DAVID WHITTAKER, Over-
looker, and JOHN WALMERSLEY, Mechanical Designer, all of Blackburn,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES" to be as follows,
and by which we size two warps at the same time or operation, instead
of one, as heretofore :-
The usual plan has been to have six back twist beams from which
the threads have been carried through the size trough and over the
drying cylinders to the yarn beam forming one warp, but we use eight

page_text: or more back twist beams, and convey the threads from them to the
size trough and drying cylinders in the ordinary-manner; but on leaving
the drying cylinders we pass part of them over and part of them under
an eliptical oblong steam chest, which splits or seperates the yarn
threads and dries it at the same time, thus forming two warps, as
already stated. The yarn threads also pass through a raith or reed,
and between a beam and presser roller on its way to the yarn beams
which keep it properly in its place. This machine may
may be driven
either by wheel gearing or friction discs., We also, use a double heald
to form the two leashes. These improvements will be easily understood
by reference to the accompanying outline sketch or drawing, in which
the same letters of reference are used to represent similar parts.
Figure 1, represents a side elevation of our improved machine: a, the
back twist; b, the twist; c, the guide pulleys.;_d,. the conducting roller;
& the size trough; f, the immersion roller; g, the squeezing rollers; h,
the drying cylinders; i, the frame; k, the elliptical oblong steam chest
for splitting and drying the yarn; 7, the steam pipe which conveys the
steam to the cylinders and steam 'chest; m, the 'conducting bar on which
is the presser or detaining roller m, to keep the yarn in its place; o,
the yarn beams; p, the driving wheel, and q,. the wheel gearing, for
which may be substituted friction discs; r, a raith or reed through
which the yarn passes on its way to the yard beams. Figure 2, shews
the double heald which enables us to form two leashes instead of one,
as heretofore.
We wish it to be distinctly understood that this is only an outline
description of our Invention, which we shall more fully and clearly
explain in our Complete Specification..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Bullough, David Whittaker, and John
Walmesley, in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 5th April
1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
JAMES BULLOUGH, Manufacturer, DAVID WHITTAKER, Overlookeer, and

page_text: JOHN WALMESLEY, Designer, all of Blackburn, in the County of Lan-
caster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, and in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Bullogh, David Whittaker,
and John Walmesley, Her special license that we, the said James
Bullogh, David Whittaker, and John Walmesley, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Jamies
Bullough, David Whittaker, and John Walmesley, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from tinue to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SIZING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said James Bullough, David Whittaker, and John Walmesley, or
one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as reference being
thereunto had will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Bullough, David Whit-
taker, and John Walmesley, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be.
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
that is to say:
Our Invention consists of a peculiar combination and arrangement of
mechanism or mechanical contrivance to form or construct an improved
sizing machine for the purpose of sizing or stiffening warps or warp
threads previous to their being woven with weft thread into cloths or
fabrics, by which combination, arrangement, and peculiar construction we

page_text: are enabled to size or stiffen two warps, or a double quantity of warp
threads at the same time, and wind the same on two or more separate
beams by the same operation. Instead of confining ourselves to six back
twist beams, as hitherto used, we introduce eight or more, as may be
found necessary and convenient, from which we convey the warp threads
through the size trough to the drying cylinders in the usual manner;
but instead of one treddle and one wraith as now genearily adopted, we
use two of each, as will be seen on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
We also use two rods or bars to split the yarn threads before they pass
over the breast beam, and we separate the two warps with a rod fixed
on the frame, over and under which they pass after leaving the drying
cylinders, and on their way to the yarn beams. We also split the yarn
threads when wet by a copper rod fixed between the drying cylinders
to prevent them sticking together upon the hot cylinders. We also use
in some cases an eliptical oblong steam chest, which we fix on the top
of the frame; and as the warp threads leave the drying cylinders we
pass part of them over and part of them under the said steam chest,
which serves to split or separate the warp threads, and assists in drying
and stiffening them at the same tinie. By our improved machine or
apparatus we can also mark both sheets of yarn at the same time with
one marker, and wind them on separate beams if the cuts or pieces are
of the same length, and if they are of different lengths we can wind
them on separate beams by adopting a different arrangement of the
beams, so as to make room for two markers; and when necessary for
the purpose of more effectually drying, which is sometimes requisite for
coarse yarns, we introduce four drying cylinders instead of two, as
hitherto generally adopted. These improvements will be more clearly
understood by reference to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, in
which the same letters of reference are used to represent the same or
similar parts where different views or diagrams are shewn. Fig. 1,
represents a side view of a sizing machine showing part of our said
improvements; namely, the motion by which the second beam is driven
and the yarn wound on two beams at the same time, the rod for
separating the two warps, the eliptical oblong steam chest, the use of
two treddles for striking the leashes, and the method of marking both

page_text: sheets of yarn with one marker when they are of the same length.
Fig. 2, a side view of the same, shewing the two beams in a different
position so as to give room for two markers when the cuts or pieces
are of different lengths; and Fig. 3, a side view of the same with four
drying cylinders. i, Fig. 1, represents the position of the beam in
the old machine; b, the wheel by which it is driven at d; c, a part of
our new machinery or apparatus, which we call tlie stud or barrel wheel,
driven by the wheel on the beam a, giving motion to the second beam
wheel f, so that both beams move at the same time and at the same
speed, winding on the yarn d', and d². e, is the strap or belt to com-
municate motion to the pulley J; g, and g², are the two reeds or wraiths
before mentioned; h, is the rod by which we split the two warp beams
after leaving the drying cylinder; i, is the copper rod by which we split
or separate the yarn when wet, to prevent it sticking together upon the
hot cylinders; ', is the eliptical oblong steam chest; k, and k, are the
two treddles for striking the leash; 1, the marker for marking both
sheets at the same time; 2, Fig. 2, represents a pulley with a flange on
each side to prevent the strap from slipping off'; ', is the flange of the
beam upon which the yarn or warp threads d, is being wound; c', is the
breast beam over which the yarn or warp threads pass on their way to
the beam ; f, is another pulley with flanges round which the strap c,
works, giving motion to the pulleys, is a toothed wheel upon the
same shaft as the pulley f, turning the wheel h, consequently giving
motion to the lower beam i, and winding on the yarn or warp threads
d; t, is a slide bar upon which is fixed at one end a small pulley m,
which always presses upon the strap or belt c. On the other end of the
slide bar is a screw n, and handle o, to tighten and slacken the strap e
as may be required, thereby increasing or diminishing the friction; ',
and b, are the two markers, which can be set at any point and at two
distinct times; r, is one of the fixtures or frames to which the new
arrangement of machinery is fixed. In Fig. 3, our improved machine
is represented with four cylinders, which are sometimes necessary as
before stated; in which view u, represents the sizing trough; r, the
framing of the machine; a, x, the two bottom cylinders drying one half
of the yarn d', which is wound on the front beam i; x, and x, the

page_text: two top cylinders drying the other half, which is wound on the other
beam.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said
Invention, we desire it to be distinctly understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the exact details herein described, as the same may
be varied or modified without departing from the principle of our said
Invention; but we claim distinctly the arrangement of mechanism herein
described for sizing or stiffening two warps, or a double quantity of
warp threads, at the same time winding them on separate beams and
marking them both at the same time, with the use of the double treddles,
double wraiths, steam chest and double cylinders, as herein described
and illustrated.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Bullough, David Whit-
taker, and John Walmesley, or one of us, have hereunto set our
hands and seals or hand and seal, this Second day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.