IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNETO-ELEC- TRICITY, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO TELEPHONIC OR TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNETO-ELEC-
TRICITY, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO TELEPHONIC OR TELEGRAPHIC
PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication from abroad by
James J. MoTighe, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1878.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE
PRODUCTION OF MAGNETO-ELECTRICITY, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO
TELEPHONIC OR TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.'
munication from abroad by James J. McTighe, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
A com-
It is well known that the movement of a magnetic pole in the neighborhood of
an electro-magnet produces an "amperian current" in the core of the said magnet,
which current in its turn induces another electrical current in the coil surrounding
the core.
It is also well known that the motion of a magnetic pole in the vicinity of an
electrical coil, whatsoever be the shape of the coil, produces an electrical current in
the coil itself.
Reversely, it is also well known that howsoever the magnetic force of an electro-
magnet, or of an electrical coil be varied, corresponding variations in the mutual
attractive or repulsive force between itself and a magnetic pole in its vicinity are
thereby produced.
When the variations of magnetic force in the said electro-magnet or electrical coil
succeed each other with sufficient rapidity, the magnetic pole in the vicinity may
thereby be made to so vibrate as to produce sound waves.
As it is not necessary in order to preserve the magnetism of any given magnet to

page_text: use an armature, but merely to join the two poles of the said magnet, so in a some-
what similar manner, in order to produce variations in the currents of an electro-
magnet or electro coil lying within the influence of a magnet, it is not necessary to
use an armature of any form, but is sufficient to simply place the electro-magnet or
coil between the poles themselves of the magnet, or between the poles of two or more
magnets, and to give the poles, or either of them, or the electro-magnet or coil, a
reciprocating or vibrating motion, or produce in all of these parts a compound
vibratory motion.
And when motion of any kind, as above described, is produced in any or all of
the aforesaid parts of such an apparatus, the same motion is reproduced in one
or all of the same parts of a similar apparatus placed in an electrical circuit
therewith.
This Invention consists in the application of these principles,-
Firstly. In a method of producing static or magneto-electricity by imparting a
vibratory motion to the pole or poles of a permanent or electro magnet having an
electrical coil or helix within its field of induction.
Secondly. In the combination with one or more permanent or electro magnets of
an electrical coil or helix lying within its field of induction, and arranged in such a
manner that, when the pole or poles of the permanent or electro magnet or magnets
are thrown into vibration, intermittent or pulsatory currents of electricity are
produced in the wire of the coil, and when intermittent or pulsatory currents of
electricity are so produced in the wire of the coil, the pole or poles of the permanent
or electro magnet or magnets are thrown into a vibrating motion corresponding
in periods with the aforesaid currents of electricity.
Thirdly. In the union of two or more of such combinations in an electrical circuit
for telegraphic or telephonic purposes.
Fourthly. In the construction specifically of a permanent or electro magnet having
its pole or poles reduced to the form of a diaphragm capable of responding to the
varieties of sound produced in speaking and singing.
Fifthly. In the construction and combination of parts, as herein-after described.
To convey a clear and distinct idea of the nature of these improvements I will
first describe and illustrate the application of said improvements to the construction
of magneto-electric machines, and afterward the application of the same to the
construction of telephones or speaking telegraphic apparatus.
In Figure 1, M is a permanent steel or electro magnet, whose pole N is made
sufficiently thin to vibrate when acted upon by a toothed wheel W, or by other
means for producing vibrations; E is an electro-magnet (or its substitute, an
electrical coil), one end of which faces the pole N, while the other end faces or rests
upon the pole S; F and G are the ends of the wire of the electro-magnet or coil E.
I wish it understood that in referring to an electro-magnet any form of electrical
coil or helix must be considered as its equivalent.
Now, according to the well-known theory of the formation of the electrical
currents in an electro-magnet, when a magnet approaches to or recedes from the
core of an electro-magnet, the vibrating of the pole N will induce currents of
electricity in the electro-magnet E, which currents may be used for any purpose for
which magneto-electricity is available.
It is obvious that these currents may be intensified to any degree within the
limits of mechanical means or electrical appliances.
The necessary vibrations may also be produced by sound waves, and both poles
N and S of the magnet M (the electro-magnet or coil being situated between them)
may be given the plate form, and both vibrated.
Among many other great advantages of the above-described construction in
magneto-electric machines, one particularly is found in the economy of power. It
will be no longer necessary for the attainment of intense currents to whirl large
masses of iron uselessly through the distance existing between the poles of a magnet,
but simply by the most ordinary means; for instance, sound waves or a steam jet
to move the pole or poles of the permanent. or electro magnet through very short

page_text: and almost inappreciable distances, and utilize its elasticity in connection with the
inherent attractive power of the poles to effect the vibrations..
Two of the above-described instruments, united in an electrical circuit, form a
most perfect telegraphic, telephonic, or telharmonic apparatus, both for transmitting
and receiving intelligible signals and articulate or musical sounds, provided one pole
of the magnet of each instrument be made thin enough to vibrate readily under the
influence either of sound waves or of an intermittent or pulsatory current of
electricity.
Such an apparatus is illustrated in Figure 2, in which T represents one instru-
ment, and R the other instrument, united in a circuit Y, both being alike in con-
struction, and each being capable of acting successively as transmitter and receiver,
or simultaneously as both.
As herein-before stated, every vibration of the pole N of the magnet M of the
instrument T, by whatever means effected, will produce a current of electricity in
the wire of the electrical coil or helix E; this current then traverses the circuit Y,
and passing through the electrical coil or helix E¹ of the instrument R causes a
change in the attractive force then existing between the pole N¹ and the electro-
magnet E', and thereby being aided by its own resiliency, the pole N¹ is made to
vibrate in periods synchronous with the vibration of pole N. Hence, as experi-
ments prove, if the cause of vibrations in the pole N be articulate sounds, pole N¹
will correspondingly vibrate, so as to reproduce the same sounds by its action on the
air. In this manner the apparatus becomes an efficient telephone or speaking
telegraph.
I wish it distinctly understood that I do not limit myself to the specific construc-
tion or arrangement above set forth, so long as the essential features of my
Invention are retained, that is to say, the production of static or magneto-electricity
by vibrating the pole of a permanent or electro magnet having an electrical coil or
helix within its field of induction. And conversely, the vibrating of the pole of a
permanent or electro magnet by means of currents of electricity passing through the
wire of an electrical coil or helix within its field of induction. Also the permanent
or electro magnet for the developement of the above features, having one or both
poles thinner than the body of the permanent magnet or coil of the electro-magnet.
It is obvious that it is but a simple matter of judgement as to the changes of
form, size, or arrangement, which may be made without departing from the main
features of the said Invention.
Some of the modifications which may be made are illustrated in the following
Figures of the Drawing, which show the most essential part of my Invention, that is
to say, the magnet in various forms and arrangements.
In Figure 3 is a magnet M³ having its pole S3 bent around to face the thinned
pole N3, and having the coil E³ wound around said pole S³.
In Figure 4 is a magnet M having both poles N' and S* thinned, and the
electrical coil or helix Esituated between them.
Another modification is shewn in Figure 5, in which two straight magnets M³
are placed parallel to each other, the pole N³ of one being thinned, and the
electrical coil or helix E5 placed between that and the pole S5 of the other, as
shown.
Another modification is shown in Figure 6, the magnet Mo having one pole N°
thinned, facing an electrical coil or helix Eº, and this special form clearly proves
that there is no necessity whatever for an armature or rotary motion for the
production of magneto-electricity.
A very special modification of the means for operating according to this In-
vention is shown in one of its forms in Figure 7. In this modification I have a bent
tubular magnet M³, one of whose ends is closed by a thin metallic diaphragın
constituting the pole N7 of the magnet itself, and the other of whose ends is open,
and constitutes the pole S7, the electric coil or helix facing the pole N7, as shown.
In the modification illustrated in Figure 8, I have shewn the parts arranged for
the purposes of adjustment; the diaphragmatic pole N is held firmly on its edges

page_text: between the casing A and B, and the pole S is adjusted to or from it by the thumb
nut n
Adjustments may be effected by a clamp and set screw embracing the legs. This
form may also be modified, its main features being the tubular magnet with one
pole or diaphragm.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it under-
stood that I claim,―
First. The herein-described method of producing static or magneto electricity in
an electrical circuit, consisting in inducing intermittent currents of electricity in the
wire of an electrical coil or helix by the vibration of the pole or poles of a permanent or
electro magnet, within whose field of induction the said electrical coil or helix is
situated.
Second. The combination in an electrical circuit of two or more telephonic or
speaking telegraphic instruments, consisting each of a permanent or an electro
magnet and an electrical coil or helix, the said magnet having its pole or poles
reduced to the form of a diaphragm, and the said electrical coil or helix being
situated within the induction field of the same.
Third. A permanent or electro magnet having its pole or poles reduced to the form
of a diaphragm.
Fourth. A permanent or electro magnet having its pole or poles reduced to
diaphragm form in combination with an electro-magnet or electrical coil or helix.
Fifth. The combination of an electrical coil or helix with a permanent or electro
magnet having one or both poles reduced to diaphragm form, and the said electrical
coil or helix, and pole or poles, relatively adjustable.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
TIM DODT