IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF METALLIC ALLOYS
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 15th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 7th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 8th Mar., 1887.
1 THOMAS SLATER, of 10 Upper Highlever Road North Kensington in the County
of Middlesex Analytical Chemist and Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF METALLIC
ALLOYS to be as follows:
The object of my invention is the production or manufacture of metallic alloys
possessing great tensile strength and of great hardness, the degree of hardness being
varied according to requirement by variation of the proportions, combined with
ductility and malleability.
These metallic alloys I obtain by taking certain metallic oxides in certain proportions
and when these are suitably mixed in a powdered state they are added to the metal
which they are to alloy when that metal is in a state of fusion-these powdered oxides
being stirred into the molten metal little by little at short intervals say every 3 or
4 minutes until the whole has become mixed or blended with the metal employed such
as brass-copper or other metal or mixture of metal as the metal to be alloyed.
The quantity or proportion of the oxides to the metal to which they are to be added
may vary but it will be found that a proportion of from 53 to 60 parts by weight of
the metal as brass copper or other selected metal in a fused state to one part of the
oxides to be added gives a good and useful result for an alloy suitable for wire or
metal for rolling purposes.
In the case of an alloy specially adapted to be used for the manufacture of bearings
for heavy shafting and for other purposes, I employ from twice to three times the
proportion of the powdered oxides to the same quantity of molten metal selected in
order to form the improved alloy.

page_text: The mixtures of the oxides are the following and substantially in the annexed
proportions subject to variations for special purposes or degrees of hardness or other
conditions that is to say I mix in a powdered state the following oxides.
Peroxide of Iron
-
Peroxide of Manganese
Magnesium Carbonate
Alumina
Silica
Chromium oxide
Sulphate of Alumina calcined
Bi-Borate of Soda -
33 parts
1 part
part
18 parts
3 parts
55 parts
3 parts
4 parts
Or I may take chrome iron ore and having reduced it by roasting and pulverizing
to powder I then employ it in the proportion of say 1094 parts thereof to the aforesaid
proportions of the oxides of Manganese, Magnesium Carbonate, Sulphate of Alumina
(calcined) and Biborate of soda as in the previous example.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the said Thomas Slater.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture or Production of
Metallic Alloys.
I THOMAS SLATER of 10 Upper Highlever Road North Kensington in the County
of Middlesex Analytical Chemist and Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is the production or manufacture of metallic alloys
possessing great tensile strength and of great hardness, the degree of hardness
being varied according to requirements by variation of the proportions, combined with
ductility and malleability.
These metallic alloys I obtain by taking certain metallic oxides of character such as
hereinafter more particularly described (and which for simplicity of description I call
my compounded oxides) in certain proportions and when these are suitably mixed in a
ground or powdered state they are added to the metal which they are to alloy when
that metal is in a state of fusion. These powdered compounded oxides being stirred
into the molten metal little by little at short intervals say every 3 or 4 minutes until
the whole of the compounded oxides added has become mixed or blended with the
metal or alloy employed, such as copper, brass or other metal or mixture of metal.
The quantity or proportion of the compounded oxides to the metal or alloy to which
they are to be added may vary but it will be found that a proportion of from 53 to

page_text: 60 parts by weight of the metal or alloy as copper iron steel or brass or other selected
metal or alloy in a fused state to one part of the compounded oxides to be added gives
a good and useful result for an alloy suitable for wire or metal for rolling.
The larger the proportion of compounded oxide the harder within reasonable limits
will be the resulting metal or alloy.
In order to make my invention more clearly understood by those skilled in
metallurgical art I will proceed to give instances of certain practical applications of
the invention.
For instance in the case of an alloy specially adapted to be used for the manufacture
of hearings for heavy shafting and for other purposes I employ from twice to
three times the proportion of the powdered compounded oxides to the same quantity
of molten metal selected in order to form the improved alloy and in such a case
I employ
Copper in a metallic state
Zinc in a metallic state
about say
58 parts
38 parts
"
"
(
Compounded oxides" prepared according to the formula
hereinafter particularly described
4 parts
The mixtures of the oxides forming my compounded oxides are made up of the
following and substantially in the annexed proportions subject to variations for special
purposes or degrees of hardness or other conditions that is to say I mix in a powdered
state the following oxides.
-
Peroxide of Iron
Peroxide of Manganese
Magnesium Carbonate
Alumina
Silica
Chromium oxide
Together with Sulphate of Alumina calcined
Biborate of Soda
1
33 parts
1 part
part
18 parts
B+ parts
55 parts
3 parts
4 parts
Or I take Chrome Iron ore and having reduced it by roasting and pulverizing to
powder I then employ it in the proportion of say 1094 parts thereof to the aforesaid
proportions of the compounded oxides of Manganese, magnesiumn etcetera as in the
previous example.
For a white metal adapted for use as a substitute for silver I employ the proportions
following of the compounded oxides and metals to be alloyed therewith to form a mass
of sax 80 naris

page_text: For Speculum metal I find the proportion of Compounded Oxides according to my
prescription to the alloyed metals following to give a good result.
Metallic Copper
-
66 parts
For a yellow metal adapted for cartridge metal, sheathing and other uses I find the
following proportion of my compounded oxides and the alloyed metals following to
give good results that is to say I employ of
Metallic Brass about (say) 53 to 60 parts to one part of my compounded oxides
described.
In order to produce a very hard metal or alloy of iron suitable for use in the
manufacture of machine bearings and which I call ferro-candillium I employ
about 3 to 4 per centum by weight of my compounded oxides to the quantity of cast
iron of a good quality.
This alloyed iron will be found to be well suited for the manufacture of projectiles
and other uses where hardness and toughness are of importance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The preparation and use of oxides compounded substantially as herein described
for alloying metals as set forth.
2. The production and use of metallic alloys for various purposes composed of
oxides compounded substantially as described mixed with metals in manner and
proportions substantially as set forth.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.