Im- PROVEMENTS IN ROCK DRILL APPARatus, Applicable ALSO TO APPARAtus for· DRESSING STONE, DRIVING PILES, RIVETTING, AND SUCH LIKE
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Warsop and Henry Walker Hill, both of
Deering Street, Nottingham, Engineers, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN ROCK DRILL APPARatus, Applicable ALSO TO APPARAtus for·
DRESSING STONE, DRIVING PILES, RIVETTING, AND SUCH LIKE."
Sealed the 2nd June 1874, and dated the 4th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by the said George Warsop and
Henry Walker Hill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, `
with their Petition, on the 4th April 1874.
We, GEORGE WARSOP and HENRY WALKER HILL, both of Decring
5 Street, Nottingham, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROCK DRILL APPARATUS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO.
APPARATUS FOR DRESSING STONE, DRIVING PILES, RIVETTING, AND SUCH LIKE," to
he as follows:-
--

page_text: the surface to be cut, the end of the cutter rod or bar is held in a socket
in a block or anvil on to which the hammer strikes, and the hammer
has a reciprocating to-and-fro motion given to it, as herein-after
described. The steam cylinder is carried within and at one end of a
framing, which is by preference cylindrical, the block or anvil fits
loosely within the opposite end of the frame, and steam is supplied to
the cylinder by a flexible or jointed steam pipe. On the exterior of the
cylindrical frame are longitudinal ribs or projections which are received
in guides in a light framing, which can readily be moved from place to
place and fixed in any position required.
When a vertical hole is to be bored the cylindrical frame rests upon
the top of the cutter bar or drilling tool, and as the hole is deepened the
cylindrical frame and steam hammer apparatus carried by it descend
with the cutter bar or drilling tool.
When a horizontal hole is to be bored the cylindrical frame is
constantly drawn forward by weighted cords passed over guide pulleys
near to the face of the work, or is otherwise constantly drawn or pressed
forward. The hammer is formed by the end of a stout piston rod which
passes through a stuffing box into the steam cylinder, and the piston is
prevented from turning by a projection on its outer end entering
between guides on the interior of the cylindrical frame, or by other
means. The piston works within a cylindrical lining which fits within
the cylinder and is closed at the end furthest from the stuffing box.
From the centre of this end projects a twisted rod which passes into a
hollow formed in the piston rod and fits within a corresponding hole
or nut at the end of the piston; by this means, as the piston moves to
and fro, a partial turn is given to the lining first in one direction and
then in the opposite direction. At two opposite sides of the cylinder
are steam and exhaust passages with ports opening into the two ends of
the cylinder. In the cylinder lining are also ports which, as the lining
turns, come alternately opposite the steam and exhaust ports of the
cylinder, and by this means the two ends of the cylinder arc alternately
opened to the exhaust and have steam, air, or other fluid supplied to.
them whereby the piston is driven to and fro. The end of the cylinder
is closed by a cover or plug screwed into it.
In order that the anvil or socket in which the end of the cutter bar or:
rod is received may have a partial turn given to it after each blow, the

page_text: socket or anvil has a ratchet wheel upon it which is acted upon by a
driver carried by the piston rod, so that the ratchet wheel has a partial
turn given to it at each blow, or other provision may be made for giving
a partial turn to the socket or tool holder.
When the apparatus is to be used for driving piles it is constructed
in a similar manner to that above described, and the anvil or block is
caused to rest upon the head of the pile to be driven.
When the apparatus is to be used for rivetting it may be made of a
smaller size, and a die for forming the rivet head is placed in the end of
the anvil or block. It will then only be necessary that the apparatus
should be held up to the rivet to bring the die over its end, and steam,
air, or other fluid admitted to the apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Warsop and Henry Walker Hill in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, GEORGE
WARSOP and HENRY WALKER HILL, both of Decring Street, Nottingham,
Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said George Warsop and Henry Walker Hill,
Her special license that we the said George Warsop and Henry Walker
Hill, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said George Warsop and Henry Walker Hill, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
yend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROCK DRILL APPARATUS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO APPARATUS FOR DRESSING STONE,

page_text: DRIVING PILES, RIVETTING, AND SUCH LIKE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said George Warsop and Henry Walker Hill, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our.
or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or.
them, should particularly.describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters'
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Warsop and Henry:
Walker Hill, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
say:
-
In rock drill apparatus or apparatus for dressing stone constructed
according to this Invention the cutting tool is pressed constantly against
the surface to be cut, the end of the cutter rod or bar is held in a socket
in a block or anvil on to which the hammer strikes, and the hammer
has a reciprocating to-and-fro motion given to it, as herein-after
described. The steam cylinder is carried within and at one of a
framing, whilst the block or anvil fits loosely within the opposite end of
this frame, and steam is supplied to the cylinder by a flexible or jointed
steam pipe. The frame may lie in guides in a light stand which can
readily be moved from place to place and fixed in any position
required.
When a vertical hole is to be bored the frame rests upon the top of
the cutter bar or drilling tool, and as the hole is deepened the frame
ánd steam hammer apparatus carried by it descend with the cutter bar
or drilling tool.
X
<
When a horizontal hole is to be bored the frame is constantly drawn
forward by weighted cords passed over guide pulleys near to the face of
the work, or is otherwise constantly drawn or pressed forward. The
hammer is formed by the end of a stout piston rod which passes through
a stuffing box into the steam cylinder, and the piston is prevented from
turning by a projection on its outer end entering between guides on the
interior of the cylindrical frame, or by other means. The piston works

page_text: within a cylindrical lining which fits within the cylinder, and is closed
at the end furthest from the stuffing box. From the centre of this end
projects a twisted rod which passes into a hollow formed in the piston
rod and fits within a corresponding hole or nut at the end of the piston.
By this means, as the piston moves to and fro, a partial turn is given to
the lining first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. At
two opposite sides of the cylinder are steam and exhaust passages withi
ports opening into the two ends of the cylinder. In the cylinder lining
are also ports which, as the lining turns, come alternately opposite the
steam and exhaust ports of the cylinder, and by this means the two ends
of the cylinder are alternately opened to the exhaust and have steam,
air, or other fluid supplied to them whereby the piston is driven to
and fro. The end of the cylinder is closed by a cover or plug screwed
into it.
In order that the anvil or socket in which the end of the cutter bar or
rod is received may have a partial turn given to it after cach blow, the
socket or anvil may have a ratchet wheel upon it to be acted upon by a
driver carried by the piston rod, so that the ratchet wheel shall have a
partial turn given to it at each blow. Or the socket or tool holder may
bc, turned by hand in the manner shown in the Drawing hereunto
annexed, or other provision may be made for giving a partial turn to the
socket or tool holder.
When the apparatus is to be used for driving piles it is constructed in
a similar manner to that above described, and the anvil or block is
caused to rest upon the head of the pile to be driven.
When the apparatus is to be used for rivetting it may be made of a
smaller size, and a die for forming the rivet head is placed in the end of
the anvil or block. It will then only be necessary that the apparatus
should be held up to the rivet to bring the die over its end, and steam,
air, or other fluid admitted to the apparatus.
In order that our Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect we have slicwn in the Drawings hereunto annexed a
rock drill constructed in the manner we prefer for carrying out our
Invention.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the rock drill; Figure 2, a front
elevation; Figure 3 a side elevation, shewing the machine in a carrying

page_text: slide or sleeve; Figure 4, a plan of the top of the machine; Figure 5, a
cross section on the line A, B; Figure 6, a plan of the base of the
machine.
may
In Figures 1 and 5 "C" is the cylinder or main body and frame of
the machine, preferably cast in one piece. An inner cylinder or
casing "D" fits accurately into the cylinder "C" at its upper part, and
this casing is free to partially rotate in the outer cylinder "C." In the
top of casing "D" is firmly fixed a twisted bar " E," which be either
flat, as shewn in the Drawing, square, or a round bar rifled with spiral
groove or grooves cut in it. This bar "E" passes through a disc "F"
of steel or other substance firmly fixed in the piston or ram "G."
down the centre of which a hole is bored to receive the full length of
twisted bar "E."At the opposite end of the piston rod."G" is firmly
fixed or cottered a head "H" having two wings ¹, ², fitting grooves
cast in the frame "C" and capable of sliding freely up and down them.
The head "H" is made to rest upon or strike at each blow an anvil or
cap "I" having a recess at its lower part made to receive either a drill,
chisel, or any cutting or stamping tool, swages of different forms for
rivetting, forging, or other work, also piles or other things requiring a
striking or percussive action. The end of the anvil is formed with a
rim around it, against which the end of the main body or frame rests.
In the case of. drill for cutting rock or other substance this base or
rim of the anvil "I" has teeth cut around its periphery, into which
gear a smaller toothed wheel "J" attached to or formed in one piece
with rod "K" and handle "L," in such a manner that by turning the
handle "L" the drill inserted in "I" will be rotated.
The reciprocating action of the piston "G" is as follows:-In the
casing "D" are formed or cut four narrow longitudinal slots or port-`
ways, shewn in Figures 1 and 5. These slots correspond, one at the top
and one at the bottom at the opposite sides of the casing with
corresponding portways in the cylinder "C," and in such a manner that
when the casing is partially turned round one port at the top and one at
the opposite side are closed and the other two are open. Steam, air, or
other fluid is admitted to the cylinder through opening "B," passes
alternately through port 2 or 1 into the casing "D," forces the
piston "G" up and down, the steam or air escaping or exhausting.

page_text: alternately through ports 3 and 4 and out. at the passage
"A." The
partial rotation of casing "D" in the cylinder and consequent regulation
of the steam or air to and exhaustion from the interior is effected by the
reciprocating motion of piston "G" (which is prevented from turning
round by the wings h³, h²,) causing the bar "E" to twist or partially
turn backwards and forwards at each stroke in the hole made to receive
it in disc "F," the motion given to the bar and casing being greater or
less as the twist in the bar is greater or less. By this means the
piston "G" and tap "H" are made to give a succession of rapid blows
on the anvil "I," and consequently to the drill point or cutting edge of
tool inserted in the anvil. In the case of the rock drill the drill is
constantly being turned round by handle "L," the machine being
prevented from turning round by sleeve or slide "M" which is firmly
fixed to a tripod or other stand, stretcher bar, or heading stand. The
machine is made to slide freely in sleeve "M," and when drilling
vertically, or at a small angle with the vertical, follows the drill point or
cutting tool up as the drilling proceeds.
:
In the case of drilling horizontal or upward holes the machine is
counterbalanced, or held up to its work by a cord or chain fastened to
the cap or upper part of the machine passing over a pulley or pullies
fixed on the sleeve "M," or stand or tripod holding the same, with a
weight or weights fixed at the opposite end of the cord or chain. In
place of the weights a lever or footboard may be attached, one end
resting on the ground, the other to the cord or chain, so that a man
standing on it his weight may counterbalance the weight of the machine.
The machine may however be held up to its work either by springs,
pistons, or other suitable means.
We would remark that in place of the piston being made to strike
against the cap or anvil "I" it might be made to strike against the end.
of the drill, chisel, or other tool; swages, dies, or cutting tools might
also be fixed upon the end of the piston itself for light forgings, &c., to
be struck between such tools and the anvil.
-
For drilling vertical holes the handle, rod, and wheel, "L,” “K,” « J,”-
may be removed and hollow or other handles screwed into the openings
"A" and "B," or the cap of the machine. By grasping these handles and
partially rotating them backwards and forwards, after the manner of a.

page_text: ratchet brace, the ratchet "N" comes into play and gradually rotates
the anvil "I" and drill fixed in it independent of the machine. The
ratchet N is held up to the toothed anvil "I" by means of a spring
or other means.
.
Instead of giving the machine a reciprocating motion and using the
ratchet N, after the manner of a ratchet brace to turn the drill, the
constant rotation of the drill may be effected by turning the whole
machine, either by hand or other means, in the machine itself, or by an
independent engine or engines, the fluid supply pipe being in this case
provided with a universal or swivel. joint so that the machine could be
turned completely round independent of the air or steam main, a con-
stant supply of steam or air, &c., being continuously conveyed to the
machine during the rotation of this latter.
Instead of alternately admitting steam or air to the top and bottom of
the piston G the apparatus may be arranged so that the full pressure
of air is always on the underneath side of the piston, and so that the
piston is forced downwards by admitting steam on to its upper side
which is of greater area, and for the upward stroke the steam or air is
exhausted from the top side of the piston, and the constant pressure on
the under side then causes the piston to make its return stroke. In this
case the lining D would only extend half way down the outer
casing C, which for the lower part of the cylinder proper belów
casing D, would be made of the same diameter as the interior of
the casing D.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the manner of
performing the same, we would remark that we do not confine ourselves
to the use of the peculiar valve arrangements for regulating the
admission of fluid to the cylinder as other arrangements may be adopted
for this purpose, but what we claim is, -
:
1. The combined arrangement of rock drill apparatus substantially as
herein-before described, applicable also for dressing stone, driving piles,
rivetting, and such like.
2. The construction of rock drill and such like apparatus of a framing
bearing at one end against the head of the tool or tool holder, and
carrying a cylinder, piston, and piston rod, which acts as a hammer and

page_text: strikes against the head of the tool or the tool holder instead of the tool
being carried by the piston rod as heretofore for the most part usual.
3. Causing the tools of such arrangements of apparatus to rotate by
means of an incline or driver carried by the piston rod.
4. The combined arrangement of valve, substantially as herein-before
described, for regulating the admission of steam, air, or other fluid to
the cylinders of rock drill and such like engines.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Warsop and Henry Walker
Hill, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirtieth day of
September, in the year of Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-four.
seventy-four.
GEORGE WARSOP.
(L.S.)
HENRY WALKER HILL. (L.S.)