matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLE ACTING PUMPS AND PUMPING ENGINES FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Willis and William
Pearson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd April 1875.
We, CHRISTOPHER WILLIS, of Bradford, in the County of York, Brass
Founder, and WILLIAM PEARSON, of Bradford aforesaid, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DOUBLE ACTING PUMPS AND PUMPING ENGINES FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say:―
Our Invention relates to constructing pumps, having the barrel or
water cylinder, valve boxes, inlet and outlet passages cast in a
cylindrical form and forming one casting, doing away with joints, and
leaving easy access to the working parts. The pump is worked by an
overhanging steam cylinder, the piston rod being connected to the
pump rod by means of a cross head having lugs cast thereon, through
which are fitted rods or side bars forming guide rods, and which pass and
work through guides fitted on the sides of the pump. To the guide rods
is fitted a curved bracket working at the back of the pump; this bracket
is recessed to admit one end of the connecting rod, the other end being
connected to the crank. By these means we obtain a long connecting rod

page_text: enabling an easy passage over the dead points of the stroke. The
cylinder is supported on a pillar cast hollow, forming a chamber and air
vessel. In a recess at the top of the pillar is fitted a pedestal for the
fly wheel shaft, the other pedestal being fitted on a frame fitted to the
foundation plate. The pump by a simple arranged gear can be dis-
connected from the engine and the engine used for other purposes. We
may also employ a condenser fitted to the engine.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF EXHIBITING THAT CLOSETS AND OTHER APARTMENTS ARE ENGAGED OR DISENGAGED, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Warner Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th December 1875.
I, FREDERICK WARNER JONES, of Exeter, in the County of Devon,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF EXHIBITING THAT CLOSETS AND OTHER APARTMENTS ARE
ENGAGED OR DISENGAGED, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT
PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a ready means for exhibiting whether rooms
such as closets are occupied or disengaged, and consists in the
adaptation of a plate to the doors of such apartments, and capable of
partially sliding within. or behind the door, bearing on its surface the
word "disengaged," this plate has attached to it a bolt worked from the
inside of the closet, and when the bolt fastens the door it at the same
time causes that portion of the plate with the syllable "dis"
to pass
into a slot behind the door, so that the word "engaged" alone appears
to exterior view. The same arrangement is also applicable to plates
with other words or devices when similar ends are to be attained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING, HEATING, AND COOKING PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Aitchison and James
Whyte at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd October 1875.
We, ADAM AITCHISON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Gas Engineer, and James Whyte, of the same Place, Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING, HEATING, AND COOKING PURPOSES, AND
IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Our improvement in the manufacture of gas consists in the use of
creosote either alone or in combination with water or atmospheric air.
In preparing the gas for use we employ a stove of any convenient
form containing one or more retorts, which are charged with pumice-
stone or other porous material. At the end of the retort is a block of
fire-clay, on to which when hot the creosote or creosote combined with
water and air is allowed to drop, the gas thus generated expands in the
retort, and after being partially purified by passing through the pumice-
stone is discharged at the other end of the retort; the gas is then carried
through water in a condenser, and from thence it may be conveyed into
a gasometer ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard George Jack at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1875.
I, RICHARD GEORGE JACK, of Hampton Court, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES," to be as follows :-
The machine consists of two large wheels placed one along side of the
other, with the rider seated between them. These wheels are made on
the principle of ordinary bicycle wheels, only are from 7 to 8 feet in
diameter. They are connected by an axle, either bent down so as to
pass under the rider's feet, or else split into two branches, one of which
passes in front and the other behind the rider, the seat being placed
below the line of the axle, so that the centre of gravity is below the line
connecting the centre of the two wheels; thus the centre of gravity of
the rider is below the axle. Under the rider's feet passes another axle
with two cranks, one for either foot. This axle carries a pulley at either
end, and these pulleys are caused to drive other pulleys fixed to the
bosses of the large wheels. The lower pulleys are connected by endless
bands with the upper pulleys, so that the motion of the lower set is

page_text: transferred to the upper, and so the side wheels are turned. The lower
pulleys work on friction cones of wood, which are fixed on the ends of
the lower axle. The pulleys are kept in their place by steel springs, and
can be withdrawn from the cone by a lever attached to the supporting
rods. By this means the lower pulley ceases to turn, and with it ceases
also the upper pulley and the large side wheel attached; this causes the
machine to turn to the side on which the wheel stops, and constitutes
the steering apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Francis Bradbury and
Henry Lomax at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd October 1875.
We, GEORGE FRANCIS BRADBURY, of Orumpsall House, near Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, and HENBY LOMAX, of
Over Darwen, in, the County of Lancaster, Sewing Machine Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEWING MACHINES,” to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to the shuttles of sewing machines, and has
for its object certain improvements connected with what is known as
the "spring guard" of the shuttle, the guard being a contrivance for
holding the thread during a portion of the return movement of the
shuttle from becoming entangled with the needle, and to ensure its
being retained on the proper side of the needle; and also to improve-
ments in the "thread slot" on the top side of the shuttle.
The spring shuttle guard as heretofore constructed consisted of a
blade spring, one end of which was fixed to the shuttle, the other end
being bent, and the bent portion entering a hole in the upper side of the

page_text: shuttle; the spring guard so constructed held the thread at a point near
its free end during a portion of the return movement of the shuttle, and
the distance from the needle to the holding or nipping point of the
spring determined the amount or length of thread loose or not actually
under control during the portion of the shuttle's movement on its return
from one side of the needle to an equal distance on the other side of the
needle, and spring guards so constructed were liable to be strained by
being sprung out by the operator during the act of lifting out the
shuttle by the aforesaid spring guard.
Spring shuttle guards according to this Invention terminate at their
free ends in the form of a hook which is received within a hole or slot
in the shuttle, and so much larger than the hook as to admit of the
necessary "play" or action of the spring. By preference we bend the
spring over the heel end of the shuttle, and its hooked end is received
within a hole or slot in the heel end of the shuttle, the hook preventing 1
the spring from being forced out of position and strained by the
operator lifting out the shuttle by the aforesaid spring guard.
When the spring guard is extended round to the heel of the shuttle
the thread is nipped by a portion of the spring nearer to the needle,
thero is consequently less quantity or length of thread loose or not
under control on the leading portion of the return movement of the
shuttle, or the hooked end of the spring shuttle guard may be received
within a notch formed in the heel end of the shuttle so as to admit of
the thread being slipped under the guard, thereby facilitating the
threading up of the shuttle.
The thread slot at one end is curved, which curve extends across and
to the opposite side of the spring guard of the shuttle, so that the
thread may be passed through the slot and under the guard at one
operation.
AN IMPROVED METALLIC PYROMETER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Achille Frederic Huet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th December 1875.
I, ACHILLE FREDERIC HUET, of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg,
No. 23, Gun Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for “AN IMPROVED METALLIC PYROMETER," to be as follows:—
The object of my Invention is a new kind of metallic pyromoter
adapted to ascertain instantaneously and with precision the temperature
of furnaces of all kinds.
This instrument is based upon the principle of the dilatation of red.
copper, and of all the very dilatable metals in general.
The characteristic feature of the Invention is the particular arrange-
ment of a bar of red copper in a porcelain tube fixed in the wall of a
furnace, into which the porcelain tube penetrates a suitable distance.
-
The heat from the interior of the furnace is communicated to the
porcelain tube, and through it to the copper rod or bar; this dilates and
determines by the intermediation of a jointed lever the working of a

page_text: piston; the piston presses upon a liquid, the ascension of which
indicates the degree of heat upon the divisions of a glass thermometric
tube.
Through the wall of a furnace I pass a tube or socket of porcelain or
other refractory material; a length of this tube extends into the 5
furnace to receive the heat therefrom, outside the furnace it is
terminated in a foot or plate to be screwed down upon a support.
Inside the tube is a rod of red copper which is fixed at one end, which
is in the furnace, by means of a screw nut at the end of the tube; this
rod is prolonged outside the furnace and terminates by a fork which 1
embraces the vertical branch of a lever, and through which passes a pin
as a pivot.
To avoid all contact of the porcelain socket with the copper rod an
amianth washer is arranged on each side of the screw nut, which fixes
the rod and the socket at one end.
1
To render the action of the heat from the furnace more direct upon
the copper rod, small holes are pierced in the part of the socket which
is inside the furnace. The lever is free to oscillate on an axis. The
extremity of the other branch of the same lever is fastened by a joint to
the top of a rod which carries a regulating screw nut, this being 1
terminated at bottom by a piston destined to press upon liquid within a
cistern in connection with a glass thermometer or syphon tube, up
which the liquid passes and indicates upon a gauge the heat of the
furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF INDICATING THE RATE OF SPEED OF THEIR ENGINES TO THE DRIVERS OF LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, OR OTHER ENGINES, AND OF SHOWING WHEN THE DRIVING WHEELS OF LOCOMOTIVES ARE SLIPPING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stroudley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
June 1875.
I, WILLIAM STROUDLEY, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OF INDICATING THE RATE OF SPEED OF THEIR ENGINES TO THE DRIVERS
OF LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, OR OTHER ENGINES, AND OF SHOWING WHEN THE DRIVING
WHEELS OF LOCOMOTIVES ARE SLIPPING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the means of
indicating to the drivers of locomotives or other engines the speed at
which their engines are travelling, and also of showing when the wheels
of locomotives slip or run at a greater speed than the train.
My apparatus consists of a short cylinder of small diameter formed of
metal or other suitable material, within which is formed a paddle wheel,
or a wheel provided with any suitable radial or feathering floats, the
axis passing through a stuffing box on one side of the cylinder, and
being provided with a pulley or wheel in accordance with the motion to
be communicated thereto. On the upper surface of this cylinder or

page_text: attached thereto by pipes (when fixed in the proper position as herein-
after described), I apply a suitable reservoir and glass tube communi-
cating freely with the interior of the cylinder, somewhat after the
manner of a barometrical indicator, and I cause the tube to be provided
or marked with a properly graduated scale of degrees or miles in order
to show the elevation of the water or other liquid or fluid with which
the cylindrical casing is filled, and which while the paddle wheel is
stationary reaches to a point of zero in the glass tube. Now it is
ovident that if motion be given to the paddle wheel the liquid in the
tube will be elevated exactly in proportion to the speed at which the
wheel rotates, in the same apparent manner as the simple indications of
a barometer or thermometer.
In order to afford this motion to the apparatus I attach any suitable
gearing in communication with the driving wheels of the engine, or
otherwise in connection with the stroke of the pistons.
Many methods may be adopted to effect this object, such as eccentric
or reciprocating gear, or the ordinary band or belting gear. The
driver may thus by consulting the index know at a glance the rate at
which his engine is travelling, a most important matter to the drivers
of locomotives in dark or foggy weather or in tunnels, and to enable 2
them to maintain the uniform rate of speed which is so much to be
desired in the working of railway trains.
The index is to be placed among the ordinary gauges on the face of
the boiler or at the side in full view of the driver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CREASERS FOR CREASING CARTRIDGES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Loxton Rawbone at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1875.-A communication from abroad by William
George Rawbone, of the City of Toronto, Canada, Gunsmith.
I, JOSEPH LOXTON RAWBONE, of the City of Toronto, in the Province
of Ontario, Canada, but at present residing at the City of Manchester,
Gunsmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CREASERS FOR CREASING CARTRIDGES," to be as follows :—
The said improvements consist in constructing and arranging the parts
of the said creasers in the manner herein-after described.
The support on or in which the fore end of the cartridge is supported
during the creasing process is fixed on the summit of a rod, to the lower
end of which the lever carrying the creasing tool is jointed. The said
rod and the lever are embraced by a loop fixed on the said rod near its
top. A screw pin passes through the rod and the curved part of the
loop and occupies the middle of the loop, the inner end of the said screw
pin serving as a stop against which the lever is brought in the act of
crcasing. By driving home the said screw pin more or less the depth of

page_text: the creasing may be regulated, a coiled spring around the said screw pin
forces back the lever when pressure is no longer exerted on it.
The pressure by which the creasing is effected is not applied directly
to the lever carrying the creasing tool, but is applied to a second or hand
lever. This hand lever is jointed at its top to the loop described, and at
the back of the lever carrying the creasing tool. Near the top and on
the inner side of the hand lever is a cam or projection against which tho
upper part of the creasing tool lever bears.
The action of the creaser is as follows:-The cartridge to be creased
being placed on the support and turned thercon by one hand the
instrument is grasped by the other hand; by this grasping the hand
lever is pressed towards the support, and its cam acting on the tool lever
presses the creasing tool against the cartridge case and effects the
creasing. By relaxing the grip of the hand the spring forces the
creasing tool and hand lever back, the cartridge is turned through a
small angle and the instrument again grasped, and so on until the
required creasing has been effected.
The said Invention may be used for crcasing both military and
sporting cartridges, the support on which the cartridge is supported
during the creasing process being made of the figure proper for the kind
of cartridge with which the creaser is to be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH WYPER WHEELS FOR WORKING RIDDLES OR SIEVES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Norman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
October 1875.
I, JOHN NORMAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH WYPER WHEELS FOR WORKING
RIDDLES OR SIEVES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object to render less liable to wear and more
durable the striking parts of wyper wheels used for working riddles or
sieves in all kinds of apparatus wherein a riddle or sieve having a jigging
motion is employed for separating granular or mixed pulverulent
matters.
The wyper wheels are formed with projecting or striking parts placed
equidistantly or otherwise round their peripheries, these striking parts
acting on and lifting the riddle or sieve as the wheels rotate, and the
Invention consists according to one modification in using small cylinders

page_text: of steel or other suitable metal for the striking parts, such cylinders or
rollers being held in segmental cylindrical sockets formed for them in
the body of the wheel. The sockets are such as to expose somewhat less
than half the circumferences of the cylinders, so that the latter cannot
drop out, but the cylinders are by preference free to turn in their sockets,
in consequence of which their friction is reduced when they act on the
riddle or sieve. The frames of the riddles or sieves or levers or other
parts connected thereto are fitted with striking plates of steel or other
suitable metal for the cylinders or rollers of the wyper wheels to act on
By another modification the striking plates of the riddles or sieves are
provided with cylinders or rollers of steel or other suitable metal held
loosely in sockets, and the wyper wheels are made with fixed striking
parts or are also provided with the loose cylinders or rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IGNITING AND EXTINGUISHING A NUMBER OF GAS LAMPS SIMULTANEOUSLY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard William Warden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1875.
I, HOWARD WILLIAM WARDEN, of the Public Works Department,
Bengal, India, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IGNITING AND EXTINGUISHING A NUMBER OF
GAS LAMPS SIMULTANEOUSLY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the lighting and extinguishing of
street and other lamps simultaneously; electricity is made use of for
this purpose. A single insulated line wire is laid in iron pipes so as to
form one continuous electrical circuit between every lamp and the
battery at the main station of each district. At every lamp is placed an
electro-magnet having a primary and a secondary wire; the primary
wire of each electro-magnet forms part of the main circuit. In the
secondary circuits either the ends of the wire are brought near to each
other so as to allow sparks to pass across the jet of gas, or the ends are
joined by a spiral of fine platinum wire, which becomes heated
sufficiently by the current to ignite the gas.

page_text: one a ratchet wheel is attached to the tap of the gas pipe, and below is
placed a horizontal bar carrying a pawl working into the teeth of the
ratchet wheel, and having fixed to it at one end the soft iron armature
of the electro-magnet, and to the other end a spring acting in opposition
to the current. In this arrangement by making and breaking the
contact with the battery a certain number of times the ratchet wheel is
turned the angle required to fully open the tap. The gas is then ignited
either by the sparks across the jet or the heating of the fine spiral wire,
caused by the currents induced in the secondary wire.
To shut off the gas the armature of the electro-magnet is attracted as
many more times until the ratchet wheel is brought back to its original
position.
In another arrangement there are two sets of teeth in opposite
directions cut on a part of the circumference of the ratchet wheel; into
these teeth work at different times two ratchets or a two-pronged piece
pivotted at a point above the horizontal bar carrying the armature, and
working in a slot on a stud fixed to this bar.
The ratchet wheel is turned through a fixed angle one way or the
other, according to whichever ratchet is in gear. To move these ratchets
in and out of gear there is fixed to one a spring, and the other is
connected with the thin flexible cover of an air chamber, which is in
communication by means of a pipe with another air chamber placed
above the burner.
On sending a rapid succession of currents through the primary wire
the ratchet wheel is turned until the tap is fully opened and no further.
The heat from the burning gas causes the air in the air chambers to
expand and raise the second ratchet into gear, at the same time putting
the other out of gear. On again sending a rapid succession of currents
the tap is turned in the reversed direction through the same angle as
before, and the gas shut off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DRIVING BANDS OF SPINNING AND WINDING MACHINERY, AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF FASTENING THE ENDS THEREOF
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Durrance, Robert
Durrance, and William Hall at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th March 1875.
We, JOSHUA DURRANCE, ROBERT DURRANCE, and WILLIAM HALL, of
Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DRIVING BANDS OF SPINNING
AND WINDING MACHINERY, AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF FASTENING THE
ENDS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to make the driving bands of spinning
and winding machinery of a more durable material than heretofore, and
also to make them endless without having a knot or other enlargement
in the piecing of the ends together.
The Invention consists in making the driving bands of leather,
gutta percha, or buffalo hyde, and fastening or securing the ends
together by inserting a piece of wire through the ends of such band in
the form of a link or double-pronged hook, and nipping or pressing
down the projecting ends of such wire, so that the piecing or joining

page_text: together of the ends is effected without projection, and will therefore
enable the driving band to pass over and around the cylinder and whirl
of spinning machinery with ease and freedom; or instead of this we
may insert a screw into each end of the band, which screws are con-
nected together by nipping or twisting them to form a link.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISPLAYING FIREWORKS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Brock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1875.
I, CHARLES THOMAS BROCK, of Nunhead, in the County of Surrey,
Pyrotechnist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISPLAYING FIREWORKS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists of an apparatus for producing moving colored
rays and shadow effects in the display of fireworks.
In carrying out my Invention I construct a lamp of wood or other
material containing several chambers separated from each other by
opaque partitions, and cause such lamp to revolve on an axis placed
vertically, horizontally, or in any other desired direction.
In each chamber I place one or more pyrotechnic colored lights or
fires, and during combustion I cause the lamp to revolve in any direction

page_text: that may be desired, thereby causing the motion in a similar direction
of the beams of colored light.
The lamp may be turned either by hand or in any other mode.
I vary the effects produced by the beams of light by placing screens
of any desired shape over portions of the openings of the chambers or
any of them.
A MEDICAL PREPARATION OR PREPARATIONS APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF WHAT IS KNOWN AS 'FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE' IN CATTLE, BEING A SPECIFIC THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Finney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
November 1875.
I, JOHN FINNEY, of Winlaton, in the County of Durham, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MEDICAL PREPARATION
OR PREPARATIONS APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF WHAT IS KNOWN AS 'FOOT
AND MOUTH DISEASE' IN CATTLE, BEING A SPECIFIC THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to a medical preparation or preparations
applicable to the treatment of what is known as "foot and mouth
disease," to which animals of the bovine, ovine, and porcine classes are
specially subject.
For the mouth disease I prepare a solution of one quarter of a pound
of saltpetre, and one gallon of spirits of wine; and after the mouth of the
infected animal has been sponged out to free it from mucus and pus, or
other discharge, I sponge the tongue and mouth with the above solution.
This is generally sufficient to cure a recent case, but where the treatment
has been delayed the application may be repeated.

page_text: For the foot disease I pursue a different treatment, and apply by
means of a camel hair brush tincture of iodine to the affected parts of the
foot. One application is generally found to be sufficient to cure, but
when the disease has become virulent before the commencement of my
treatment the application should be repeated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEELS AND AXLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Wilson, Joseph Corrie
Struthers M. Lay, Frederick Pelham Warren, and William Brodie
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 8th January 1875.
We, MATTHEW WILSON and JOSEPH CORRIE STRUTHERS MºLAY, both
of 79, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the Oity of London, and Captain
FREDERICK PELHAM WARREN, of the Royal Navy, of East Coust,
Cosham, Hants, and WILLIAM BRODIE, Newspaper Writer, of 28,
Ballance Road, Hackney, Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY
WHEELS AND AXLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved manufacture of railway wheels
and axles, and its main object is to so construct a wheel or axle that the
existence of any flaw or imperfection caused by the crystallization or
polarization of the metal in any part of the same may be detected with
certainty at the time of manufacture of the wheel or axle, or at any
time during its use before such flaw or imperfection extends to any other
part of the wheel or axle, so that the said wheel or axle may be removed
before the fracture and separation of the same, and all danger of
accidents arising from broken tires and axles will be obviated,

page_text: The said Invention also affords the means whereby a wheel may be
constructed with a hard surface on the outside of its tire or that portion
which runs on the rails, and with a soft or medium condition of the
metal of the inner portion of the tire or of the body of the wheel.
In forming a wheel tire or wheel according to our Invention we use
bars of different qualities of iron or iron and steel for the purpose of
imparting to the various portions of the said tire the different degrees of
hardness and toughness required. For instance we may use two or more
kinds of metal, soft iron, medium iron, hard iron, or steel.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO DRAWING FRAMES FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Kaberry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1875.
I, LEONARD KABERRY, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO DRAWING FRAMES FOR PREPARING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the stop motion at the front of drawing
frames, and consists in an arrangement whereby I am enabled to
prevent broken ends from becoming entangled with the apparatus, for
which purpose I adapt a part along which the said end may travel so as
to afford time for piecing up. I employ the usual trumpet and levers
connected therewith, but I continue the arm of the said trumpet by a
plate which extends nearly to the surface of the bottom roller, and
which plate I propose to curve upward. A surface is thus afforded on
which the end can travel, and it is thus prevented from falling down
and becoming entangled with the levers and their joints.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING FURNACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Carrick and John Dobson
Wardale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th October 1875.
We, HENRY CARRIOK and JOHN DOBSON WARDALE, of Gateshead-on-
Tyne, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING FURNACES," to be as follows :—
Our Invention relates more particularly to the class of furnaces used
in chemical works known as ball furnaces, but is also applicable to
other revolving furnaces, and it consists in arranging the carrying rings
which encircle the furnace and work in frictional contact with the
supporting rollers in such a manner as to admit of rings of smaller
diameter than those ordinarily required being employed, whereby
increased facility is afforded for their economical manufacture by the
nsual and well known processes.
In carrying out our Invention in lieu of placing the rings at a point,
say about midway between the centre and the ends, we dispose them at
the ends of the furnace and arrange them in the following manner :—In
the case of barrel-shaped furnaces or furnaces of a contracted form at

page_text: their ends, the rings may be mounted on the periphery of the furnace
at its extremities, the supporting rollers being suitably placed to
correspond. When however the Invention is applied to furnaces of a
cylindrical shape we form or attach a projecting shoulder or flange of a
reduced diameter at each end of the furnace, and fit thereon the carrying
ring, the mininum diameter of which in this case is only limited by the
size of the charging or discharging aperture of the furnace. A similar
arrangement may be adopted in the case of furnaces of a barrel shape,
or in which the diameter is reduced at their extremities, when it is
required to further diminish the diameter of the rings. In all cases
however rings of much smaller diameter for a furnace of given dimensions
are employed than heretofore, whereby the difficulties which have been
experienced in the manufacture of rings of the large diameter, which
the ordinary method of applying the rings necessitates, are obviated, and
a corresponding saving is effected in the cost of construction without
impairing the efficiency, or in anywise affecting the operation of the
furnace.
The spur wheel for receiving motion from the actuating pinion
ordinarily employed may also be fitted at one end of the furnace, so as
to admit of its diameter being diminished in a similar manner to the
carrying rings.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKETS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Lawden Shaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th October 1875.
I, CALEB LAWDEN SHAW, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturing Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
LOCKETS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My improvements refer to the hinging or connecting of the two halves
or cheneilles of lockets by means of tubes of metal placed upon either
the outer or inner edges of the halves or cheneilles, and passing wholly
or partly round the circumference of the locket, but arranged so that
when the two halves are placed together to form the locket one end of
the tube on the one half shall abut against an end of the tube on the
other half, and these two ends of the tubes are hinged together by means
of a short pin or solid piece inserted in the end of one tube formed as a
screw, the other tube being tapped to receive it. Thus when these two
tubes are attached the two halves or cheneilles are hinged together and
form the locket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIN OR PIRN WINDING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joy Robinson and Albert Settle
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 31st May 1875.
We, JOY ROBINSON, of Little Lever, and ALBERT SETTLE, of Bolton,
both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIN OR PIRN WINDING MACHINES," to
be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to those pin or pirn winding machines in which
each pirn is caused to revolve by the friction of a revolving wheel or
disc, and consists in making each wheel or disc of an improved shape,
and so arranging the bearings and other working parts that the wheels
or discs will be independent of each other, so that any one can be
removed or changed without interfering with the other.
We make each wheel or disc in the form of a flat circular plate
having a recessed chamber and central boss, the transverse length of one
side corresponding in length with the length of the conical part of the
pirn, and the recessed chamber occupying the space between the inner
edges.

page_text: The bosses are perforated in the centres, and in one arrangement are
grooved in their peripheries to act as pulleys, and the wheels or discs
work on independent studs bolted to brackets fixed to the cross beams
of the machine and the bracket's studs, and wheels or discs are placed
at an angle corresponding with the angle or taper of the pirn.
The yarn to be wound on the pirns is supplied to the machine in the
usual manner, and distributed evenly over the taper part of the pirn by
means of the ordinary heart motion, and the friction wheels which in
this arrangement are driven by bands running in the grooves of the
bosses have the required variable speeds given to them by any well-
known means, and when desired instead of employing grooved pulleys
and bands for giving motion to the wheels or discs we cast or fix on the
bosses pinions to be geared into toothed wheels, and thereby obtain a
positive motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTOR APPARATUS FOR OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES, FOR STEAM VESSELS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th October 1875.-A communication from abroad by Jérôme
Wenmackers, of Brussells, Belgium.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTOR APPARATUS FOR
OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES, FOR STEAM VESSELS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES," a communication, to be as follows:-—
This Invention relates to motors provided with either spiral springs,
plate springs, or other suitable springs whose force of attraction is
multiplied by means of a lever actuated either by hand, by steam, or
otherwise, according to the speed it is desired to obtain. For tramway,
omnibuses, or cars, or other like carriages the force of the hand will be
sufficient.
In actuating the lever which multiplies the force as many times as
may be considered necessary, the springs compressed between two
sides of a cylinder recoil with all their force and move pistons which
are attached to the cranks of the wheels of the vehicle to be moved.

page_text: Screw propeller steam vessels may without inconvenience be fitted
with a screw, and with one of these motors the working of one of
these means of propulsion not interfering with the working of the
other.
The said cylinders may be continuous, that is to say, of one single
piece, or formed in sections; they may be placed either inside the vessel,
or between the exterior of the side and a false side.
In order that the spring cylinders may work advantageously it is
necessary that the cylinders should have valves which can open or close
according to circumstances either in repelling water, in which case
they close, or in compressing the springs, in which case they open.
The cylinders should be double and open at two sides; there should be
provision for the water to enter at the front and escape behind, whether
the springs are compressed or free, for the reason that if the cylinders
were closed at the front in moving the lever for closing the springs,
the pistons would drive out the water with such force that there would
be necessary for closing the springs almost as much force as would be
gained at their release. On the other hand when the cylinders are
double the springs play freely between the two walls, and will not in any
way interfere with the progress of the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS AND PERCOLATORS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Burford Gething at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1875.
I, WILLIAM BURFORD GETHING, of 75, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS AND PERCOLATORS," to be as follows:-
-
I form the body of the filter or percolator in the form of an inverted
cone, into the bottom of which I insert or place a piece of perforated
metal or other material to act as a strainer to the said filter or percolator;
I place a metal cover with screw cap inserted, and at the bottom of the
said filter I put a funnel, so that it can be put into a bottle or other
narrow-mouthed vessel. The said filter or percolator may be made of
tinned iron or other metal, and japanned or otherwise ornamented to
protect it from damage or corrosion.
The advantages I claim are that it (the filter) will always keep the
liquor free from dust or dirt, or evaporation while in process of
filtration.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFICATION OF GAS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Whitley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1875.
THE
I, JOSEPH WHITLEY, of Roundhay, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PURIFICATION OF GAS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in passing commom carburretted gas through
a series of pads or layers of prepared cotton, wool, or other fibrous
substance in its transit to or from the meter, which process is also
applicable in the manufacture of gas. The number of the pads I employ
is regulated by the quantity of gas required to be purified.
The apparatus in which such pads or layers are placed may be made
any suitable metal, such as cast iron, the several parts thereof being
fixed together by hydraulic or any other suitable joints.
of
I do not confine myself to pads, as vertical layers of cotton or any other
suitable substance is equally efficacious.
Iи- PROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND VALVES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Phillips at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th September 1875.
I, WILLIAM HENRY PHILLIPS, of Nunhead, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Iи-
PROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND VALVES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to
be as follows :-
This Invention relates more especially to improvements in what are
known as ball-cocks, taps, or valves, one of the chief features being the
substitution of an inverted cup or basin to serve as a float for cutting off
the supply of water or other fluid flowing through a pipe in place of the
ordinary copper ball float in general use.
Floats constructed and applied in accordance with my Invention are
not only much less costly than copper or other ball floats, but are less
liable to get out of order, also acting more effectively to cut off the
supply at the time required. For this purpose in constructing a cock,
tap, or valve, in accordance with my improvements for cutting off the
supply of water or other fluid flowing through a pipe or passage, I find

page_text: it advantageous to arrange the plug for closing the passage in a vertical
position. To the lower end of the plug I attach (by means of a ball-
and-socket joint or otherwise) an inverted cup or cups which may be
either semi-spherical, cylindrical, or of other shape, in such manner that
when the water in the cistern below the tap or valvo rises to the height
required, the air contained within the inverted cup or hollow vessel
imparts sufficient buoyancy thereto to cause it to lift the plug (or it
may be a valve) and cut off the flow of water or other fluid from the
supply pipe.
The water or other fluid may be discharged from one or both ends of
the vertical passage if desired, the float and valve or valves being also
controlled by suitable guides.
If desired the inverted float or floats may be applied to the upper end
of the plug or valve, or it may be attached to a lever in like manner to
an ordinary hollow ball or float.
Domes, covers, perforated or other directing or distributing surfaces
may be applied to the discharge passages in order to direct or distribute
the water as it is discharged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE MAGNETIC Appliances In Magneto Therapeutics
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Welton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1875.
I, THOMAS WELTON, of 13, Grafton Street, Fitzroy Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Maker of Artificial Limbs, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE MAGNETIC
Appliances In Magneto Therapeutics,” to be as follows :-
My Invention has for its object the adaptation of portable magnets for
application to all and various parts of the human body for the purpose
of curing diseases; for this purpose I use thin plates of steel perforated
or otherwise, or woven wire, or woven wire cloth, and form of it or
them such articles as I may desire, such as lockets, bracelets, brooches,
girdles, finger rings, buttons, imitation watches, necklets, garters,
respirators, &ca., &ca., of any design, size, shape, or configuration, as may
be desired; may be enamelled, or partially so, or otherwise ornamented
or stamped, or engraved; be varnished or japanned, and may be
magnetized while in process of manufacture or afterwards, or when
finished by way of any of the well known magnetic processes, but not
cover ed or encased in any india-rubber compound, or material, or electro-

page_text: plated, as such has been done and found to hinder the passage of the
magnetism into the body and weaken the proper action of the articles
magnetized.
I further claim the right to make an alloy of iron or steel, which said
iron or steel may be mixed with phosphorous, nickel, silver, tin, or any
other metal in such proportions as may be desirable, and of such alloy
make thin plates or wire, which may be used in the manufacture of the
above-named articles or any other for the same purpose, or I take iron
or steel, and by the process called cementation or other process, except
electro-plating, affix on to the said iron or stecl on one or both sides of it
any of the before-named metals, and by rolling or milling the two
united metals into such thickness as may be found convenient (or by
drawing the said two metals into wire) manufacture of the before-named
articles, and by this process, videlicet the covering of the steel or iron
with a metal not readily oxydizable, prevent the oxydation of the steel,
which would inevitably ensue were the iron or steel left exposed to the
action of the atmosphere or the emanations of the body.
Finally, I claim the right to sew, rivet, or otherwise affix thin plates
of steel or woven wire varnished, enamelled, or japanned, or thin plates
or woven wire of two metals united by cementation on to leather or any
textile material or fabric, which may be then or before magnetized when
so affixed and applied to any dress or portion of dress or article, as may
be found convenient for the purpose of being worn on the body or limbs,
and thereby inducing a powerful current of magnetic electricity in the
human body for therapeutic purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roger Edward Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd June 1875.-A communication from abroad by Messieurs
Gammon, Deering, and Stewart, of Chicago, in the United States of
America.
I, ROGER EDWARD ROBINSON, of Cambridge, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to construct reaping machines
in such manner that the binding of the grain into sheaves may
be effected on the machine itself. For this purpose I provide the
machine with an endless apron which has a travelling motion at right
angles to the forward motion of the machine, and is so placed in relation
to the sickle or cutter as to receive the cut grain. This apron carries
the cut grain to an elevator composed of endless belts or bands having
spikes or projections thereon. The elevator takes up the grain from the
apron, carries it in an inclined upward direction and delivers it
upon a
receiving table. Adjoining this table are two (or other desired number
of) binders' tables at which the attendants or binders stand,
AN IMPROVED COPYING INK PENCIL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Vollmer at the Office of
B
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
February 1875.-A communication from abroad by Albert Schulte,
of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, HENRY VOLLMER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COPYING INK PENCIL," being a communication to me from abroad
by Albert Schulte, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a pencil which can be used
on all kinds of paper, the writing of which shall be indelible, and which
shall give off an exact copy when a sheet of damp paper is put upon it
and pressure applied, and this the Inventor accomplishes by a com-
bination of chemicals and black lead moulded or pressed into the form
required.