A METHOD OF MAKING OR MANUFACTURING CANDLES
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,, THOMAS
BULKELEY, of Richmond, in the County of Surrey, Doctor of Physic, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth
did, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty, in the tenth year of His reign, give and grant unto, me,
the said Thomas Bulkeley, His special licence that I, the said Thomas
Bulkeley, my exors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the
said Thomas Bulkeley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and also in His said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my.
Invention of "A METHOD OF MAKING OR MANUFACTURING CANDLES;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said Thomas
Bulkeley, shall cause a particular 'description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be. inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as. in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more.fully and at large.
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE; that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Bulkeley, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures-and-letters marked-
thereon (that is to say):-
:-
My Invention relates more particularly to the moulding of wax into candles;
but as there are other parts of novelty in my method of making or manufac-
turing candles, I will divide them into three different heads,
First, my Invention consists in moulding wax candles, which have heretofore
been made by rolling the wax around the wicks.
Secondly, in forming a case or covering of wax or other inflammable
substance, and placing therein a cheaper substance, and thus by having a
coating or outside of a material which requires a higher degree of heat to
melt it than that which is required to melt the internal substance, a com-
mon candle is produced, having the appearance of a wax or composition
candle.
'
Thirdly, in a wick so constructed as to cause a considerable saving in the
material used for making wicks:
But in order that my Invention may be more clearly understood, I will
now describe the method of making or manufacturing candles according to my
Invention.
First, Of moulding the candles from wax.-The wax is to be carefully melted
and poured into metal, wood, or other moulds; but I have found those usually
used by candle makers answer my purpose well. After sufficient time has
been allowed for cooling, the candles may be drawn out of the moulds; but
should the resistance be considerable a slight blow on the end of the mould
will easily detach them. But I have found by the use of the following means
the candles may be easily withdrawn from the moulds :-
Fig. 1 of the Drawings hereunto annexed represents a section of a
circular piece of wood having cavities sunk in it, and Fig: 2 shows a plan,
and Fig. 3 a common mallet. Now, in order to disengage a candle from the
mould, it will only be necessary to place the end of the mould into and on the
cavity or step a, and by holding the mould in the left hand in rather an
inclined position, and with the right hand giving the lower, part at ba sharp
stroke with the mallet, the space c giving no resistance to the candle, the
motion communicated by the step a to the mould will cause the candle to be
letached therefrom, and thus much time and labour be saved in the making
wax candles.

page_text: In order to accomplish the second particular of my Invention of manu-
facturing candles, which consists in making mould candles with a case or
coating of a substance which requires a higher degree of temperature to
melt it than that which is required to melt the substance of which the inner
part of the candle is formed, the best means I know of making such case
or coating is by pouring melted bees' wax or composition or other substance
into the moulds, and in consequence of the caloric being quickly conducted
from that part of the substance which comes in contact with the mould, such
part will quickly cool and set, and form a thin casing around the inner surface
of the mould, while the remaining part of the substance will be fluid, and is to
be poured off from the mould, and thus leave the casing into which tallow
or a composition of a commoner description than that with which the casing is
formed is to be poured, and thus the candle will be complete, having the
appearance of a wax or composition candle.
And now of the wick, which forms the third particular of my Invention,
and which is represented in Fig. 4 in the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that Figure showing a section of a candle having a wick according to my
Invention, a being a thin cord throughout the whole length of the candle,
and which serves as a guide to the wik b, which has within it a tube of
straw, paper, or other material, and thus when the same is lighted it slides
down the cord a, such cord being consumed in the progress of the wick
downwards, and by this means the wick is only necessary to be made of some-
what greater length than is required for the flame, and such wicks will not
require snuffing. I will here observe, that where the candle is not liable
to be shaken oil may be placed in the casing above described in place of
a concrete substance, and then a common floating wick being placed on
the surface, a beautiful light may be produced, the part under the light having
a transparent appearance. And I would further observe, that I am aware
that dip candles have heretofore been formed by causing them to be dipped into
a better description of tallow, for the purpose of giving them the appearance
of having been made of the better material; but by this means the object
of my Invention is not accomplished, which consists in making mould candles
with a case or coating of a material which requires a higher degree of tem-
perature to melt it than that which is required for the interior part.
I would have it understood that what I claim as my Invention is,―
First, the production of wax candles by means of moulds, which have been
heretofore produced by rolling, as above described.
Secondly, the making of mould candles having a case or coating of a sub-
stance which requires a greater degree of heat to melt it than is required to

page_text: melt the substance of which the inner part is-composed, the effect being to
produce a cheap candle, having the appearance of a wax or composition
candle, and which will not be liable to gutter in consequence of the outer sur-
face requiring a higher degree of heat to melt it. And,
Thirdly, in making a wick; as above described.-
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bulkeley, havé.hereunto set mý
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord