Machinery Employed in the Cleansing and in the Manufacture of Casks and the like.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 17th May, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 17th Feb., 1898-Accepted, 19th Mar., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Machinery Employed in the Cleansing and in the Manufacture of
Casks and the like.
I, CHARLES LIEBMANN KLINE, of 254, West 133rd Street, in the City, County
and State of New York, in the United States of America, Mechanical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention has for its object the cleansing of casks and the like, when they
have become foul in use, by machinery arranged to plane and afterwards smooth,
burnish or harden the interior of said vessels, such machinery being also applicable
to the planing and smoothing, burnishing or hardening the interior of said vessels
when new or during the course of their manufacture.
In the cleaning and smoothing burnishing or hardening of foul casks and the
like I first remove the end hoops and then the heads of the vessels, after which I
place the vessel on a suitably shaped bed carried by the machine frame. I fix
the vessel firmly on said bed by annular jointed cramps extending round the ends
of the vessel which cramps also take the place of the end hoops and hold the
staves closely together during the operation. The annular cramps act also in
combination with roughened blocks bearing against the "chimes" and acted upon
by screws and nuts to hold the staves firmly against the cramps to prevent vibration
and shifting.
The bed of the machine is provided with bearings within which is mounted
a revolving shaft provided with two pairs of driving and loose pulleys or with a
cone pulley to enable it to be driven at different speeds as required for the planing
and smoothing burnishing or hardening operations. This revolving shaft extends
axially through the vessel under treatment and such extension is fitted at its end
to hold the vessel con-
with a centering cone acting against the “chime
centrically with the said shaft. This extension of the shaft has fitted thereon a
cutter head and such parts are so formed that the cutter head whilst capable of
moving along the shaft is compelled to revolve with the latter.
The cutter head is connected with a feed screw rotated at the required speeds
to feed it through the vessel and it is fitted with a pair of cutter or burnisher or
hardening tool carriers which are capable of being moved simultaneously outwards
from and towards the driving axis by suitable appliances and gearing under the
control of the operator and by which the latter is enabled to follow the internal
contour of the vessel and plane or remove any desired thickness therefrom or cause
the smoothing or burnishing tools to follow and bear with more or less pressure
against the said internal contour.
It will be evident that for planing and smoothing, burnishing or hardening the
"
gun
interior of casks in the process of manufacture the " or vessel without the
heads will be held and treated in the same manner as that above described.
+00x

page_text: Machinery Employed in the Cleansing and in the Manufacture of
Casks and the like.
I, CHARLES LIEBMANN KLINE, of 254 West 133rd Street, in the City, County
and State of New York, in the United States of America, Mechanical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
The main object of my invention is to provide for the cleansing of casks and like
vessels, when they have become foul through use or otherwise, by machinery
arranged to plane and afterwards to smooth, burnish or harden the interior of
the cask or the like without the necessity for taking the same to pieces. My
improved machinery is, however, also applicable to the planing and smoothing,
burnishing or hardening of the interior of casks or the like when new or in the
course of their manufacture.
An important feature of my said invention is the employment of a cutter-head
mounted on a revolving shaft that extends axially through the cask operated upon,
which cutter-head is connected with a rotary feed screw for feeding it along the
said shaft through the cask at the required speed while it is rotating, and is
provided with suitable means whereby while the cutter-head is being rotated
and automatically fed along the said shaft, the cutters can be moved in and out
by hand so as to cause them to follow the internal contour of the cask. The said
cutter-head is preferably provided with a pair of cutter-carriers or tool-carriers
adapted to receive the cutters and the burnishing or hardening tools and which are
capable of being moved simultaneously away from or towards the driving axis
by suitable auxiliary gearing under the control of the operator, so that the latter
is enabled either to cause the cutters to follow the internal contour of the cask
and plane or remove any desired thickness therefrom as the cutter-head is fed
through the cask, or to cause the smoothing or burnishing tools to follow and bear
with more or less pressure against the internal surface of the cask. This permits
of the staves or walls of the cask being planed to a uniform thickness at all parts,
and subsequently smoothed and hardened.
My said invention also comprises other improvements hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown how my said invention may be 3
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in vertical central section, and
Figure 2 a plan, partly in horizontal section, showing one form of my improved
machine with a cask supported therein.
Figure 3 is a section on the line a, a, Figure 1, looking towards the left.
Figure 4 is an end view, and
Figure 5 a plan, some of the parts being removed, showing the arrangement
of the reversing mechanism, and
Figure 6 is a vertical longitudinal central section of a portion of the machine
drawn to an enlarged scale, illustrating details of construction.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
A is a base-plate on which is secured a bed B having a standard B₁ rigidly
secured thereto, and having lugs b in which are fixed guide-bars or slides b₁.
Upon these guide-bars are mounted movable or adjustable standards B2, B3, which
can, if desired, bear upon the planed upper surface of the bed B. The said
standards B³, B³ can be readily moved to and fro upon the bars 6' to adjust their

page_text: position relatively to the stationary standard B, and are provided with clamping
bolts and nuts 2 for securing them in any desired position.
In the standards B1, B2 are fixed annular cramps or cramping rings C formed
with conical internal flanges C¹, which bear against the ends of the staves of the
cask and serve in place of the end hoops to hold the said staves closely together and
which also facilitate the centring of the cask and firmly hold the same in position
while being operated upon.
To adapt the machine for various sizes of work, I provide several sets of
cramping rings of the same external diameter so as to be interchangable as
regards fitting them in the standards B1, B2, but having different internal
diameters.
For the purpose of drawing the standard 132 forcibly towards the standard B¹
so as to clamp the work firmly in position, a chain d is secured to the standard Bª,
and passed around a drum d, mounted on
formed in the bed B. This spindle has one or both ends made square or of other
a spindle rotatable in bearings
suitable shape to receive a handle or lever for rotating the said spindle to wind
the chain on the said drum. A ratchet-wheel is keyed upon the spindle
and a retaining pawl engages therewith to prevent the unwinding of the chain
from the drum d. As a modification I can substitute a leading screw for the said
chain and drum.
E is a revolving shaft which is mounted in suitable bearings in standards E¹
secured to the base-plate A, and which extends through and is concentric with
the cramping rings C. The said shaft E is provided with a cone-pulley E whereby
it can be driven by means of a belt at a variable speed; or other suitable devices
are provided for varying the speed. The overhanging end of the said shaft is
supported, during the operation of the machine, in a bearing e in the sliding
standard B provided with an adjustable back centre e¹.
2 in
A sleeve or saddle E3 is fitted upon the shaft E and is provided with a feather
or key fitting within a feather way or key-bed
in such
the said shaft
a manner that, while the said sleeve E must rotate with
the shaft E, it is free to travel axially along the same. One end of
the sleeve is provided with fixed collars e³, between which an
mounted in such a manner that, while the shaft E and sleeve 13 can turn freely
arm et is
in the said arm, the latter cannot move endwise upon the said sleeve. Another
arm e is similarly connected to a sleeve e capable of sliding to and fro upon the
sleeve E but constrained to rotate therewith by any suitable means, such, for
instance, as a feather or key in the sleeve e engaging in a feather-way or key-way
in the sleeve E³.
A cutter-head F is formed on or rigidly attached to the sleeve E³ and is provided
with dovetail or undercut grooves f (Figure 3) for the reception of tool-carriers f³
having burnishing or polishing blocks secured to their outer ends by means of
Screws f. Cutters fare fitted in holes in the tool-carriers f and extend through
holes in the said blocks f³, which cutters are secured in the carriers by means
of screws passed through elongated holes or slots in the said cutters so as to permit
the adjustment of the same. The tool-carriers 2 are connected to the sleeve e by
means of links G, and a spring g is interposed between the said sleeve e and the
cutter-head F for the purpose of obviating backlash or play of the parts and to
ssist the withdrawal of the cutters and burnishing tools from the work.
A shaft H is supported in bearings in the standards E' so that it is free to rotate
nd to move to and fro therein, and has a screw-threaded portion H¹ working in a
apped hole or nut in the arm e. One end of this shaft H extends through a suit-
ble bearing in the arm e and is held therein by means of shoulders or collars h on
he said shaft, so that it can turn freely therein but the said sleeve must participate
n any endwise movement of the said shaft. A bevel wheel kis mounted upon the
haft H and provided with a key or feather fitting into a key-bed or feather-way h¹
xtending along the said shaft, so that the said shaft can be turned by the said

page_text: wheel and is free to slide longitudinally therein, the said bevel wheel being
restrained from endwise movement in any convenient manner. This bevel-wheel k
is geared with a bevel wheel k¹ fixed on a spindle m supported in bearings in a
bracket K and provided with a hand-wheel Al, by means of which the shaft H
can be rotated through the medium of the bevel-wheels k', k. The rotation of
the said shaft H causes the arm e and sleeve e to approach or recede from the
cutter-head F by reason of the engagement of the screw-threaded portion H¹ of
the shaft H with the nut in the arm; the tool-carriers f² can thus be moved
towards or from the work as required.
A feed-screw L is rigidly secured in an extension 7 of the arm e and works in a
bevel-wheel or nut working in a bracket 2, and the rotation of which, causes
the progression or retrogression of the sleeve E³ and cütter-head F along the shaft E.
The said feed-screw L is driven from the shaft E by the following mechanism:
The said bevel-wheel or nut l' is geared with a bevel-wheel ³ fixed upon a vertical
shaft N supported in brackets N₁ attached to one of the standards E¹. A hori-
zontal shaft P mounted in bearings has keyed upon it a pulley p¹ driven by
a belt p from the shaft E. A sleeve 2 adapted to slide to and fro upon the shaft I'
but constrained to rotate therewith, has fixed upon it two bevel-wheels 2 adapted
to gear with a bevel-wheel n' on the lower end of the shaft N. This sleeve p
can be moved in one or the other direction by means of a screw-threaded spindle R,
which is connected with an arm that encircles the sleeve 24, and which turns in
a stationary nut R¹ and is provided with a hand-wheel R². By turning this wheel
in one or the other direction either of the bevel-wheels 25 can be brought into
engagement with the bevel-wheel n¹, so that the direction of motion of the shaft N
can be reversed at the will of the operator.
The operation of my improved machine is as follows:-The standards B2 and B3
are first drawn back to a sufficient distance from the fixed standard B to permit
the introduction of a cask over the end of the shaft E. A cramping palte C of
suitable internal diameter is then passed over the shaft E and secured in its seat in
the fixed standard B. The cask or vessel to be treated after the removal therefrom
of the heads and end hoops, is next threaded upon the shaft E and a corresponding
cramping plate C is fixed in the standard B2 The said standard is then drawn
up towards the standard B and the cask tightly clamped between the rings C
by means of the winding drum d¹ and chain d, and the standard B2 is secured in
position by the clamping nuts 62 so as to fix the work firmly in position.
The work being now in position, the standard B3 is brought up and secured in
position by its clamping nut 62 so as to support the overhanging end of the shaft E,
the final adjustment being obtained, if necessary, by the adjustable back-centre
screw e¹.
The cutters f³, having been adjusted to a suitable position for cutting,
are secured by the set-screws provided for that purpose. The shaft E having
been set in motion, the cutter-head is automatically fed along the said shaft by
the feed-screw L. The thickness of the cut and the curvature or contour given
to the interior of the cask are under the control of the operator, the cutters being
moved out and in as required by turning the hand-wheel M in one or the other
direction.
The return motion of the cutter-head is very simply effected by reversing the
motion of the feed-screw as above described.
After the interior of the cask has been planed, the cutters are to be removed or
drawn back within the tool-carriers. The planed surface can then be polished or
burnished and hardened by causing the polishing or burnishing blocks f³ to come
in contact with the said surface while the cutter-head is rotating and being fed
along the shaft E.
I can also substitute other tools for the cutters, if necessary or desirable, for the
attainment of the desired result, depending upon the nature of the work under-
taken
It is evident that, for planing, smoothing, burnishing or hardening the interior

page_text: of casks in the process of manufacture, the "gun" or vessel without the heads, can
be held and treated in the same manner as that above described.
The aforesaid feed-screw may, if desired, be driven from a separate countershaft
instead of from the shaft that carries the cutter-head.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
First. The cleansing of the interior of foul casks by first planing and then
smoothing or burnishing and hardening the same without taking the cask to
pieces substantially as hereinbefore described.
Second. A machine for the purposes above specified, wherein cutter-carriers
or tool-carriers mounted in a rotary cutter-head, are connected with suitable
mechanism for moving them out and in by hand while the cutter-head is being fed
automatically through the cask, substantially as herein before described.
Third. The combination, with a revolving shaft, of a cutter-head mounted on a
sliding sleeve thereon, a feed-screw connected with an arm encircling the said sleeve.
and a screw-threaded shaft working in a tapped hole or nut in the said arm and
connected with another arm encircling another sliding sleeve connected with the
cutter-carriers, substantially as, and for the purposes, hereinbefore described.
Fourth. The improved machine constructed substantially as described with
reference to the accompanying drawings, and operating as, and for the purposes,
above specified.
1000
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Datcu VHC
Ten day
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.