IM. PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Cole and James Cole, junior, of Coventry, in
the County of Warwick, Pattern Designers, for the Invention of " IM.
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
Sealed the 29th December 1868, and dated the 1st July 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Cole and James
Cole, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st July 1863.
We, JAMES COLE and JAMES COLE, junior, of Coventry, in the County of
Warwick, Pattern Designers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to produce in the loom ornamental
fabrics of wide widths in a more economical manner(both as regards speed of
working and saving of ornamenting material) than heretofore. To this end we
propose to combine in the same batten the ordinary fly shuttle which carries
the ground weft thread and a series of smaller shuttles which carry the orna-
menting weft threads, operating the same simultaneously, or it may be in some
cases alternately. These small shuttles will work as in the ribbon loom, their
traverse being limited according to the breadth and distribution of the pattern
they are desired to produce, whereby only so much weft as is required to form
the pattern will be expended. The fly shuttle will, however, pass from side to
side of the loom as usual. The ornamenting shuttles and the fly shuttle will
Dain 77

page_text: work at different levels, and distinct sheds will be formed for them to pass
through. The shed to receive the weft for the ornamentation is produced by
raising a selection of warp threads higher than those which form the shed for
the fly shuttle, and into the spaces between the ornamenting shuttle cases
When two or more colours are desired to be introduced to complete the
pattern, it will be requisite to have two or more sets of ornamenting shuttles,
which will be alternately operated.
Instead of using the ornamenting shuttles in combination with the fly
shuttle as described, the same effect may be produced by working this shuttle
in combinationwith wiresfor pushing the oruamenting threads into the upper
shed and holding the threads in position by means of descending retaining
pins (operated by a jacquard or other apparatus) until the beating up takes
place; the pins will then rise out of the warps to allow of the completion of
the beating-up action.
In order to apply the Invention to the manufacture of gauze or light fabrics
in which double-warp threads are introduced, the same being lapped one
around the other in order to lock the weft thread, and thus give firmness to
theopen fabric, we use a roller for operating an endless leash, through which
the warp threads, which we will terin the moving warp threads, are passed;
areciprocating axial motion being given to the roller the leash will be caused
to lift these threads first on one side and then on the opposite side of the
stationary threads to form a shed for the fly shuttle, and thus the lapping
together of the warp threads will be effected.
Now in carrying out our improved mode of ornamenting, we cause each
lapping thread to lap round two stationary warp threads, that is, stationary as
respects the action of the leash, and thus we raise alternately by hooks or
other means (above the level of the threads operated by the leash) to form a
shed for the passage of the ornamenting shuttles. The lapping therefore of
the moving warp threads round these threads will alike secure the plain and
ornamental work.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Cole and James Cole, junior, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st January 1864.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Cole and James Cole, junior, Her special license that we, the said
James Coleand James Cole, junior, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Cole and James Cole, junior, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the terin
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and verid,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James
Cole and James Cole, junior, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Cole, on behalf of myself and of
the said James Cole, junior, do hereby declare the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being
had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
'This Invention consists in weaving ornamental fabrics of wide widths (piece
goods) in a more economical manner (both as regards speed of working and
saving of ornamenting material) than heretofore. This result we obtain by
importing into piece goods weaving the principle of ornamentation adopted in
ornamental ribbon weaving, whereby a pattern is produced on the face of the
fabric without a counterpart of any kind on the back thereof. To this end we
propose to adapt to the batten of looms for weaving ornamental piece goods
both the ordinary fly shuttle which carries the ground weft thread through the
shed from side to side of the fabric, and a series of smaller shuttles which
carry theornamenting weft threads. The fly shuttle and the ornamenting weft
shuttles will in general operate simultaneously, or they may, if occasion
requires, be caused to act alternately. The small shuttles we prefer to work
by a peg motion as in the ribbon loom, their traverse being limited according
to the breadth and distribution of the pattern they are desired to produce. By

page_text: this means, when making a line of ornamentation composed of repeats of a
given design ora series of designs set abreast of each other, only so much weft
aswould be required to form the pattern by hand will beexpended in forming
the line of ornamentation. The fly shuttle with the ground weft will, how-
ever, pass from side to side of the loom through the whole breadth of the shed
as usual. The ornamenting shuttles and the fly shuttle we work at different
levels, and form distinct sheds for them to pass through. The shed to receive
the weft for the ornamentation is produced by raising a selection of warp
threads higher than those which form the shed for the fly shuttle. These
selected upper warp threads will be drawn up into the spaces between the
ornamenting shuttle races, so that the shuttles may be passed under them.
When two or more colours are desired to be introduced to complete the
pattern, it will be requisite to provide two or more sets of ornamenting shuttles,
which will in general be alternately operated, or may be passed sometimes
simultaneously through the shed.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a cross section of a power loom
with cur improvements adapted thereto and shewing the additional shuttle
apparatus, and the method we prefer of producing two sheds. A is the batten
of the ordinary loom carrying the fly shuttle a. The additional or ornamenting
shuttle apparatus is attached to the batten as shewn at B. This apparatus is
fixed to the batten above the reed and the sbuttle, and hangs down in front
thereof; C, C, are horizontal bars or shafts passing through the leashes of the
harness. The warp threads are divided by these bars into two lines or sets
forming one shed. When a jacquard apparatus is employed with two or more
lengths of hooks or wires (as described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to one of the present Inventors, and bearing date May Seventeenth,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty) for raising the warp threads, the
shafts C, C, which pass through the leashes will not always be required to
lift the warp threads, as the threads forming the two sheds may be raised to
the required levels by the jacquard hooks or wires. If an ordinary jacquard
with only one length of wires be employed (that is to say, to lift to one level
only) we pass shafts through the leashes and lift them in the usual manner,
as in the plain loom, where they are attached to ordinary jack rods and tappets
or other apparatus, to form the bottom shed for the ground or fly shuttle. The
threads which form the top shed (and consequently the pattern) are lifted by
the jacquard, which is arranged to lift some threads to a higher level than
the shafts are usually required to lift to. In order to make the plain parts of
the fabric a blank card is made to force all the hooks off the griff, which ther
passes without lifting any threads, and the shed is produced by the shafts and

page_text: tappets, but when the Figure is required to be produced the tappets lift the
ground shed as before, and the pattern threads are lifted on the griff into the
spaces between the shuttle races, and thus form two distinct sheds at the same
time. D, D, are cords attached to the leashes and are operated by the
jacquard, which is not shewn in the Drawing. Certain of the warp threads
are, by this means, selected and lifted higher than the ordinary shed to form
an additional shed for, the ornamenting shuttles to pass through.
.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the additional shuttle apparatus shewn detached
and drawn on an enlarged scale; Fig. 3 is a cross section of the same, and
Fig. 4 is a partial plan view; Figures 5 are upper, under, and side views of
one of the ornamenting shuttles, which it will be seen is provided with horse-
hair springs for giving tension to the weft thread as it is drawn off the quill or
bobbin in the shuttle. Upon referring to the enlarged detached views
Figures 2, 3, and 4, it will be seen that the ornamenting shuttles b, b. b, (of
which there may be any number, according to the number or repeats of the
pattern required.in the width of the fabric) are with their accessories carried
by the bar B, which is connected to the upper bar of the batten or reed bar
in-such a manner that it may be moved endways in either direction when the
position of the pattern to be woven into the fabric is required to shift with
relation to the selvage. To this end the bar B is suspended on pins c, c, fixed
in the batten or reed bar, and which pass through horizontal slotsc¹, c', made.
in the bar B, as seen at Fig. 2. The range of endway motion of the bar will
therefore be limited to the length of the slots c', c'. This endway motion is
effected is one direction by means of a strap'd attached at one end to the
bar B; its other end, after passing under a pulley or antifriction roller e,
mounted on the batten, is connected to and acted upon by the jacquard, or by a
tappet or other equivalent instrument. When, therefore, the-bandḍis drawn
up the bar B, and with it all the ornamenting shuttles and their appendages
will be shifted in their position with respect to the side framing of the loom.
The bar may be made to move alternately backwards and forwards, or to
make two or more movements successively in the same direction, and then two
or more in the opposite direction; and in order to arrest the bar at the proper
place and retain it there while the required number of shoots is being made,
it is provided at both ends with two, three, or more spring. catches f.f, and
f*,*,which are arranged and employed according to the number of shifts and
the distances of traverse the bar is intended to perform. These spring catches
drop down against the end of the bar and prevent it from being moved until
they are lifted out of the way. This may be effected either by the jacquard
or by a tappet motion, which is made to act on the cards f,, of the catches

page_text: and lift them up in proper order for the band d to operate, and shog the bar
the required distance. In the Drawing we have shewn three spring catches
so that the bar B may be moved into three different positions. When the
band d has drawn the bar to the extreme distance in one direction, the
contrary.or opposite movement is effected by means of a spring g, which will
draw back the bar so soon as the catches f on that side are lifted up. By this
means the spaces 6*, 6*, between the shuttle races may be brought in succes-
sion above different parts of the warp, so that those threads which are selected
by the jacquard to form the pattern may be drawn up into those spaces in
order that the ornamenting shuttles may be passed through the upper shed
thus formed. The shuttles b work in the shuttle races b',which are suspended
from the bar B, as seen in the Figures, and they are moved to and fro
through the sheds by means of the pegs h,h,as is well understood in reference
to ordinary looms for weaving fabrics of narrow widths. The peg drivers or
bars h¹, h,are actuated by the cords 2 in the ordinary manner, and therefore
need no further explanation. Itwill be evident from the foregoing description
of the construction and operation of the loom that lines of any small patterns,
such as a spot, star, flower, or other device that is not wider than the
spaces 6* between the shuttle races can be woven in the loom without
forming a float of weft, or a counterpart of the pattern at the back, and that
with a great economy of time and material.
In applying the Invention to the manufacture of gauze or light fabrics in
which double warp threads are introduced, we lap the one around the other,
in order to lock the weft thread, and thus give firmness to the open fabric.
This arrangement is shewn in the Drawing at Fig. 6, which is a diagram
explanatory of the action of the parts. We use a roller R for operating
endless leashes r, r, through which certain of the warp thread s, which we
will term the lapping warp threads, are passed. A reciprocating axial motion
is given to the roller R, and the leash will thereby be caused to lift these
threads s first on one side and then on the opposite side of the ordinary warp
threads t, t, which form the shed for the fly shuttle, and thus the lapping
together of the warp threads will be effected. Now, in carrying out our
improved mode of ornamenting we cause each lapping threads to lap round
two ordinary warp threads t, which are stationary as respects the action of the
leash when it is making the plain part of the fabric, and these threads t,t,we
raise alternately by hooks or wires, or other means (above the level of the
threads s, operated by the leash r) to form a shed for the passage of the orna-
menting shuttles. The lapping, therefore, of the warps threads s, round these
threads, will alike secure the plain and ornamental work.

page_text: We would here remark that an essential feature in the working of the
oom to ensure the full advantages of the above described Invention is the
ormation of two separate sheds by lifting the figure warp threads to a
higher level than the ground warp threads, which form the shed for the fly
huttle, and thereby drawing such figurewarp threads into the spaces between
the ornamenting shuttles for the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Cole, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JAMES COLE, SEN. (L.S.)