IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR ACTUATING SIGNALS AND POINTS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bertie Charles Scott, of 37, Chester Terrace, Regent's
Park, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bertie Charles Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1881.
BERTIE CHARLES SCOTT, of 37, Chester Terrace, Regent's Park, in County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR ACTUATING
SIGNALS AND POINTS ON RAILWAYS."
The Invention relates first to the wire or metal tubes or rods forming the con-
nections between the levers and the signals and "points" which such levers actuate.
It is well known that the wire or metal connections between the levers and the
signals or "points" on railways are subject to considerable contraction and
expansion, according to the varying temperataus of the atmosphere, and as this
creates a necessity fo vigilant supervision and attention in order that undue strain
or slack shall not interfere with the accurate working of the points and signals, I
have designed an arrangement of compensating apparutus (the object of this
Invention) which will automatically maintain the connecting medium between the
two extremes, viz., the actuating lever and the signil or points" at one true and
accurate distance apart, irrespective of temprature.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed as follows:―
At an intermediate distance in the length of wire or rod forming connection
between the actuating levers and the signals or " points "I place an arrangement
of levers and guide pullies in connection with a brass cord or rod. One end of
this brass cord or rod is secured to a fixed post, by preference to the signalman's
box, and the other end after passing over a guide pulley I connect to one end of a
verticle bar, the lower end of which terminates in a grooved pulley. This bar is
supported by a pillar in which it can slide, and at a point immediately above the
lower terminating pulley two pins or studs are formed, one on either side of the
said bar. From these studs levers extend, which have their fulcra at points in
the supporting pillar a little above the lever studs in the vertical bar, and in an
inclined direction therefrom. The levers which extend from their fulcra in an
upward inclined direction are provided at their extremities with grooved pullies,
which, with the one at the lower termination of the vertical bar, makes three, all
Do 877

page_text: being in a line with the metal wire or rod forming connection between the
actuating levers and " points" and signals. This connecting wire or rod passes
first over the first pulley of one lever, then under the termial pulley of the vertical
bar, and finally over the pulley of the second lever. Now as the brass cord or rod
contracts, as it has a contracting quality more than steel, it is evident that a
variation in the temperature will contract the brass cord supporting the vertical
rod, thus raising or lowering its terminal pulley and depressing the guide pullies,
the effect of which reduces the inclination of the wire or cord passing over and
under the guide pullies. This movement of the guide pullies, governed by the
contraction of the brass cord, compensates for the contraction of the steel or metal
cord, and thus keep the points of its connection at one uniform and even distance
apart. The pull or strain put upon the wire at the time the levers are pulled to
work the signals or "points" is counteracted by a load placed on the vertical bar,
the weight of which is supperior to the strain exerted on the wire.
Secondly. The Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling the signalman
when placing the home or distant signal at danger to automatically place in
position for firing explosive cartridges or fog signals, in lieu of such signals as at
present being placed by hand, which necessitates during the continuance of a fog
the presence of a man called the "fog-man" at each signal post.
According to the usual practice adopted on the various railway systems the
presence of a man in sight of the signal is absolutely necessary for the purpose of
attending to the signs made by such signal, in order that he can, when danger is
notified, fix at a required and sufficient distance from the point of danger a
detonating signal, which will, when the driver in charge of an engine passes over
the same, explode, and warn him that he must not pass the signal post until the
signal is put to at "off danger."
In order to dispence with the necessity of employing men to watch the signal
and place detonating signals on the line in fogy weather I substitute therefor a
novel arrangement of apparatus which is in connection with the wires or rods
before mentioned governing the action of the signals, and which will automatically
and positively set in position and explode cartridges or other detonating media
during the continuance of a fog in obediance to the position of the signal if set
"at danger" in the event of a train passing the signal post.
The Invention may be described as follows:-
I construct a box closed in from the weather provided with a base plate, which
will enable such box to be securely fixed to a bed or foundation placed at any
suitable or convenient distance from the signal post, which will enable the engine
driver to pull up by the said signal post on the intimation by the detonators that
the signal is at danger.
The interior of the said box contains a framing, which supports two octaginal
blocks mounted on spindles; the said blocks are placed at a distance apart, and
support an endless chain of cartradge boxes, each one of which is provided with a
detonating explosive cartradge, one of the said octaginal blocks being so actuated
that it will in manner as hereinafter described bring successively into position one
or more of the said cartradges for firing. The framing supporting the octaginal
blocks is also provided with bearings which support the apparatus I employ for
firing the cartradges, the construction and arrangement of which may be described
as follows:-
At a convenient distance in the line of endless cartradge boxes between the two
octaginal blocks I construct in the framing a box, open at the ends, the rear of
which forms the breech block for the cartradges as they are successively brought
into firing position. The said opening is in the line of traverse of the cartradge
chain, and the box itself forms a support, which keeps the cartradges in position
whilst firing, the rear breech block of which is provided with a sliding firing pin,
and the front with openings sufficiently large for the escape of the explosive
charge or charges. If required the front opening of the cartradge boxes may be
elongated for the purpose of increasing the volumn of sound.

page_text: Immediately below the rear of the box supporting the cartradge chain is a
spindle supporting the hammer boss, the said spindle being the axis upon which
such boss is caused to oscillate for the purpose of being caught by a trigger when
the hammer is at full cock, and again released at the time of firing, the arrange-
ment and action of the several parts condusive to cocking the hammer and firing
the cartradges being fully explained hereinafter.
The framing of the apparatus is provided with bearings, in which two rods or
bars are caused to slide. These rods are coupled together at one end by link and
chain, and are so arranged that they slide independantly of each other, and
parallel to the line of the cartradge chain, one in front and the other at the rear
of such cartradge chain. Both these sliding rods or bars are connected with and
are caused to slide forward simultaneously by the pull placing the danger signal
in position, the said rods being caused to return to their normal position by
weights or other equivalent.
The to and fro action of these sliding rods (which for distinction I will call
front rod and "rear rod") places the cartradges in position for firing, cocks the
hanmer for firing, and places a firing lever in position for releasing the hammer,
when actuated so to do by the depression of a tappet by a passing train.
The construction and working of the variouse parts may be described as
follows:-
The endless chain of cartradge boxes being supplied with cartradges, and the
case and framing containing the apparatus being firmly secured to the bed or base
plate provided for that purpose at a suitable distance on the line of rail from the
signal post, the "front" and "rear" sliding rods are coupled by links and chains
with the rods or wires connecting the signal with the levers in the signalman's box,
giving motion to such signal.
The frent sliding rod is provided on its top side with a swell or face cam pro-
jection, and its under side with a recess or notch, and from the hammer boss a
finger projects which rests on the upper surface of the front sliding bar; the said
hanmer boss is also provided with a recess and a shoulder; the recess is intended
for the reception of a trigger formed on a lever placed below the hammer boss, and
the before mentioned shoulder forms a bearing for the pressure of a strong spring.
One end of the said trigger lever on that side of its fulcrum to the rear of the
cartradge-boxes is provided with a weighted tappet, and its other end (that carrying
the projecting trigger) is caused by reason of the weighted tappet to rest or bear
with an upward pressure against the under surface of the front sliding rod. Thus
it will be seen (bearing in mind that the front and rear rods move independantly)
that when the rods of the apparatus are coupled in manner as aforesaid with the
rod, chain, or wire actuating the signal, that when the said signal is placed at
danger, the simultaneous sliding forward of the said rods will, through the medium
of a rack and ratchet wheel or other equivalent means, give a partial rotation to
the octagonal block with which such gearing is connected, the motion of which
accurately places in position for firing one or more of the cartradges which are at
that time supported in the box of the framing before mentioned.
During the forward traverse of the two bars, the finger projecting from the
boss of the hammer is caused by the swell or face cam on the upper surface of the
front sliding rod to rise, and so give a partial rotation to the hammer boss,
the action of which brings the under recess of such boss into position to receive
the trigger projecting from the under lever. The trigger, by reason of the weight
on the end of the lever on which such trigger is formed, bears whilst the lever is
in its lowest position upon the boss of the hammer, but immediately the recess
of such boss is brought as in manner aforesaid opposite the said trigger, such
trigger at once partially enters during the time the rods are making their forward
movement; but so soon as the throw or extent of movement is complete the end of
the trigger lever enters the notch or recess formed in the under surface of the
front sliding bar, and so causes the trigger lever to enter the same and lock such
bar in its advanced position, until released therefrom by the firing of the charge

page_text: as hereinafter explained; the enterance of the trigger lever into the said notch or
recess also allows the trigger to complete its advance into the recess of the hammer
boss, in which position the said haminer is locked at full cock.
The partial turn given, as in manner described, to the hammer lever, has also
raised the pressure of the spring bearing against its shoulder.
The rear sliding bar is provided with a vertical slot which forms a recess sup-
porting sliding tappets or fingers; the lower end of these tappets project below the
under surface of the rear bar, and are so placed that when the said bar is pulled
forward in manner as before described, the upper surface of such sliding tappets
will be brought directly underneath the weighted end of the trigger lever, at
which time the trigger bas caught and locked the hammer at full cock.
The apparatus being in the position as described in ready to explode the
cartradges, but before describing how the firing is effected I would remark that if
in the mean time whilst the signal is "at danger" there should transpire no
occasion for firing, the action of lowering the signal to " 'off danger" releases the
rear bar carrying the firing tappets and allows them to be drawn back out of
position, whilst the front bar remains locked by the trigger lever until released for
firing, which can only take place when both bars are in their advanced position
and the firing tappets are under the trigger levers, as described; but when the signal
is set at danger," and both front and rear bars are in their advanced position,
the passing of an engine or carriage on the line of rail will depress a tappet
communicating motion to the tappet or tappets in the rear sliding bar, the action
of which will simultaneously raise the weighted trigger lever so as to withdraw
the trigger from the recess in the hammer boss and thus allow the beformentiond
spring bearing on the shoulder of such boss to forcably shoot the hammer into
concussion with the firing pin sliding in the breech of the cartradge box, and so
effect the explosion.
Gearing in connection with one of the octagonal blocks carrying the cartradge
chain is so arranged that when the cartradges are nearly spent the complete
revolution of a wheel forming a portion of such gearing will bring a metal
pin-brush or spring into contact with one end of a metal wire connected with a
battary and thus complete the electrical circuit, the effect of which rings a bell in
the signalman's box. The electric bell call apparatus is also provided with movable
pins supporting (when not electrically disturbed) discs, cards, or labels indicating
the name and number of the various signals in connection with and actuated from
that signal box, so that when the circuite is closed in manner described from any
one or more signals the man on duty will recognise at once the particular signal
detonating apparatus which requires attention by the dropping of the disc, card,
or lables from its supporting pin corresponding with the apparatus which requires
recharging-further.
The hammer or hammers firing the cartradges may be provided with metal
projections, which when the hammer falls (firing the cartradge) will come into
contact with and press against metal springs; the contact thus made will complete
electric cercuit and give notice by means of suitable apparatus in the signalman's
box that a train is or ought to be detained at the signal post from which the
messuage was sent.
The cartradges will be contained in a metal case, such as or similar to those used
for smooth bore sporting guns, and may be provided with colored fire balls similar
those used in the manufacture of fire-works known as "Roman candels." When
the cartradge explodes these fire balls are shot against a wire screen and their
colored fame will, in conjunction with the noise of explosion, add visual as well as
oral evidence that the signal is set "at danger;" the hue of the colored fire ball
will also indicate the home or distant signal.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Bertie Charles Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th November 1881.
BERTIE CHARLES SCOTT, of 37, Chester Terrace, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR ACTUATING
SIGNALS AND POINTS ON RAILWAYS."
First. The Invention relates to the wire or metal rods or tubes forming the
connections between the levers and the signals and "points" which such levers
actuate. It is well known that the wire or metal connections between the levers
and the signals or points on railways are subject to considerable contraction and
expansion according to the varying temperatures of the atmosphere, and as this
creates a necessity for vigilant supervision and attention in order that undue strain
or slack shall not interfere with the accurate working of the points and signals, I
have designed an arrangement of compensating apparatus (the object of this
Invention) which will automatically maintain the connecting medium between the
two extremes, viz., the actuating levers and the signal or points at one true and
accurate distance apart irrespective of temperature.
"
Secondly. The Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling the signalman
when placing the "home or "distant" signal at danger to automatically place in
position for firing explosive cartridges or fog signals, in lieu of such signals being
placed in position by hand, as is usual, and which necessitates during the
continuance of a fog the presence of a man called the "fog man" at each signal
post. According to the practice now in vogue on the various railway systems, the
presence of a man in sight of the signal is absolutely necessary for the purpose of
attending to the signs made by such signal in order that he can when danger is
notified fix at a required and sufficient distance from the point of danger a
detonating signal, which will when the driver in charge of an engine passes over
the same explode and warn him that he must not pass the signal post until the
signal is put to at off danger.
In order to dispense with the necessity of employing men to watch the signal
and place detonating signals on the line in foggy weather, I substitute therefore a
novel arrangement of apparatus, which is in connection with the wires or rods
before mentioned, governing the action of the signals, and which would auto-
matically and positively set in position and explode cartridges or other detonating
media during the continuance of a fog in obedience to the position of the signal if
set at danger in the event of a train passing the signal post.
In order that my Invention shall be well understood in detail I have hereunto
annexed a Sheet of Drawings, upon which letters of reference are marked on
corresponding parts on all the Figures alike.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents in elevation the apparatus forming the first part of my
the other unon and main-

page_text: One end of the brass cord d is fixed to a post at ¹, which is by preference a portion
of the signalman's box, and the other end after passing over the guide pully f
is connected to the top end or termination of the vertical rod or bar e, the other
extremity of this bar terminates in a stud which carries the grooved pully c¹.
The vertical bar e is supported by and slides in the pillar or other fixed support g,
the said bar being provided near its bottom end, immediately above the bottom
pulley c, with pins or studs h, h, one on either side thereof; from these studs the
lever arms b, 61, extend beyond their fulcra 61, 61, in an incline direction, and are
provided with and carry at their extremities the grooved pullies c, c², which are in
a line with the pulley c¹ carried by the stud, on the lower extremity of the bar e.
The wire a connecting the levers in the signalman's box with the signals or points
which such levers actuate passes in the direction of the arrow, first over the pulley c
of the lever b, then under the terminal pulley c¹ of the vertical bar c, and finally
over the pulley c² of the second lever b.
Now it will be understood that the iufluences of the weather will contract or
expand the brass cord d, and as brass has a contracting or expanding quality in
excess of iron or steel any variation in the temperature will contract or expand
the brass cord d, supporting the vertical rod e, and will, according to the amount
of contraction or expansion received, proportionally raise or lower the terminal
pulley c', and so simultaneously depresses the pullies c and c², the effect of which
reduces the inclination of the connecting wire a, passing over and under such
pullies. This movement of the guide pullies c, c¹, and c², regulated and governed
by the contraction of the brass cord d, compensates for the contraction of the steel
wire a, and thus maintain at one even and uniform distance apart the two points
of connection of such wire, videlicet, the end connected with the lever in the
signalman's box, and the levers and rods immediately in connection with the
signals or points.
The pull or strain exerted by the wire upon the pullies c, c', and c² at the time
the signals or points are being worked is counteracted by the weights h, k, which
bear upon and load the vertical bar e with a weight superior to the said pull or
strain.
The second portion of my Invention is represented at Figs. 2, 3, and 4, in which
Fig. 2 represents in front elevation the novel form of apparatus I employ for auto-
matically placing in position for and firing fog signals or cartridges in the event
of a train passing a signal post when the signal is set at danger. Fig. 3 represents
a transverse section of the same shewing the apparatus in position and set for firing,
and
Fig. 4 represents a plan view of the apparatus.
In these Figs. a is a metal box closed in from the weather secured to the base
plate A, the said box and plate being portable and provided with means of attach-
ment which will enable them to be secured to a foundation block or stone at any
suitable and convenient distance froin the signal post, which will enable the driver
of an engine to pull up in time should he be warned so to do by the explosion
of one or more detonators or cartridges.
The interior of the box a contains a framing b which supports the octagonal
blocks or wheels c, c', supported in bearings 61, 61; these blocks or wheels ure
placed at a distance apart, and support the endless chain of cartridge boxes d, cach
one of which is provided with a detonating explosive cartridge. The block c is
actuated to revolve intermittantly in manner as hereinafter described for the
purpose of bringing successively one or more of the cartridges of the chain & into
position for firing. The framing b supporting the octagonal blocks c, c', is also
provided with bearings b' which support the apparatus I employ for firing the
cartridges, the construction and arrangement of which may be described as
follows:-
At an intermediate distance in the chain of endless cartridge boxes d the
framing b is provided with an opening or box 2, through which the cartridge chain
One end of this portion of the frame forms the breech block for the cart-
slides.

page_text: ridges as they are successively brought into firing position, the said opening or
passage being in the line of traverse of the cartridge chain, and the box itself forms
a support which keeps the cartridge in position whilst being fired; the breech
block is provided in its rear with the sliding spring firing pins e, e, and the front
with openings sufficiently large for the escape of the explosive charge or
charges.
Immediately below the rear of the box supporting the cartridge chain is a spindle
or fulcrum supporting the hammer boss h, the said spindle being the axis upon
which the boss h is caused to oscillate in manner hereinafter described for the
purpose of being caught by the trigger t when the hammer is at full cock, and
again released at the time of firing. The arrangement and action of the several
parts will be readily understood by the following description and reference to the
Drawings annexed :-
The framing b is provided with bearings in which two horizontal bars or
rods r,, are caused to slide; these rods are coupled together at one end by link
and chain, and are so arranged that they can slide independently of each other
and parallel to the line of the cartridge chain, the rod or bar r being placed in
front of the said chain, and the rod or bar r at the rear of the same; both these
bars or rods are connected up with the rods and levers working the signals, and
are caused to slide forward simultaneously at the time the signalman pulls the
danger signal into position, as "at danger" the return of the said rods when
released to their normal position being effected by means of weights or their
equivalents.
The to and fro action of the sliding rods and 7 places the cartridges in position
for firing, cocks the hammer h, and places a lever in position for releasing the
hammer h when actuated so to do by a passing train depressing a stud or tappet
communicating motion to the trigger t. The arrangement and action of the several
parts may be described as follows:-
The endless chain of cartridge boxes being supplied or charged with cartridges,
and the case and framing a containing the apparatus being firmly secured in
position to the base plate provided for that purpose, the sliding rods and ¹ are
then coupled by links or chains with the rods and wires a, vide Fig. 1, connecting
the signal with the levers in the signalman's box actuating or working the signals.
The front sliding rod r is provided on its top surface (vide diagram, Fig. 5), with
a swell or face cam 8, and its underside with a recess e, and from the hammer
boss a finger h¹ projects, which rests on the upper surface of the sliding bar ".
The said hammer boss is also provided with a recess i and shoulder , the former
of which is formed for the reception of the trigger t formed on the lever t¹, which
is placed below the hammer boss, and the latter forms a bearing for the pressure
of the spring k.
The end of the trigger lever t' on that side of its fulcrum to the rear of the
cartridge boxes is provided with the weighted tappet m, and its other end, on
which the trigger t is formed, is caused by reason of the weighted tappet to rest or
bear with an upward pressure against the under side or surface of the front sliding
rod .
Thus it will be seen (bearing in mind that the front and rear rods move
independently) that when the rods r and are coupled up in manner as aforesaid
with the rods and wire actuating the signal, that when the said signal is placed at
danger the simultaneous sliding forward of the said rods will, through the medium
of the rack, ratchet, and pawl p or other equivalent means, give a partial rotation
to the octagonal blocks or wheels c, c¹, the motion of which accurately places in
position for firing one or more of the cartridges which are at that time supported
in the box b¹ of the framing before mentioned.
During the forward traverse of the bars and, the finger h¹ projecting from
the boss of the hammer h is caused by the swell or face cam s on the upper surface
of the bar r to rise, and so give a partial turn to the hammer boss h, the action of
which brings the under recess i of such boss into position to receive the trigger t.
The said trigger, by reason of the weighted tappet m on the end of its lever, bears

page_text: upon the boss of the hammer when the lever is in its lowest position, but im-
mediately the recess of such boss is brought, as in manner aforesaid, opposite the
said trigger, it at once partially enters, and so soon as the forward traverse of the
rods and is complete, the ends of the trigger lever t¹ enters the notch or recess e
in the under surface of the rod r, and so allows the trigger t to complete its advance
into the recess of the hammer boss, at which time the hammer is locked at full
cock, and the trigger is also locked and so remains during the time the bar 7 is in
its advanced position and the firing is in abeyance; the partial turn given to the
hammer boss in the manner described also raises the pressure of the spring k
bearing against the shoulder to.
The rear sliding bar 7 is provided with a vertical slot which forms a recess
supporting the sliding pins or studs n; the lower end of these sliding pins project
below the under surface of the rear bar, and are so placed that when the said bar
is pulled forward in the manner herein described, the upper surface thereof brings
the vertically sliding pins n, n, directly under the weighted end of the trigger
levert. When in this position the apparatus is ready to be fired, but before
describing how the firing is effected I would remark that if in the meantime there
should transpire no occasion for firing, the action of the signalman lowering the
signal to "off danger" releases the rear sliding bar r carrying the firing tappets n, n,
and therefore allows its counterbalance weight to withdraw it into its normal
position, whereas the front rod remains in its forward position and does not
assume its normal position until the cartridges first brought into position have
been exploded, which can only take place when both bars are in their advanced
position, at which time the passing of a train on the line of rail depresses a tappet,
which through the medium of the lever v raises the sliding vertical studs n, n, in
the rod r, the action of which raises the weighted end m of the trigger lever t¹
which withdraws the trigger t from the recess in the hammer boss, which causes
the spring to forcibly impel the hammer into contract with the firing pins
sliding in the breech of the cartridge box, and so effect the explosion.
The gearing w driven by a wheel on the axil of the octagonal block c' is so
arranged that when the cartridges contained in the links of the chain a are nearly
spent, the complete revolution of the wheel w' brings a metal pin, brush, or spring
into contract with one end of a wire connected with a galvanic battery, and so
completes the electric circuit, the effect of which rings an electric bell in the
signalman's box; the said bell apparatus is also provided with sliding pins which
when not electrically disturbed support discs, cards, or labels, indicating the name
and number of the various signals in connection with and actuated from that
signal box, so that in the event of the circuit being closed, as in manner described
from any one signal, the pin supporting the card representing the signal requiring
attention is withdrawn so as to drop the card which enables the man on duty to
recognise at once the particular signal from which communication has been made.
The hammer or hammers firing the cartridges may also be provided with metal
projections, which when the said hammer falls at the time of firing the cartridge,
such metal projections will come into contact with and press against metal springs
which will make or complete circuit with an electric wire, and so through the
medium of suitable electric apparatus warn or give the signalman notice at his
station that a train is or ought to be detained at the signal post from whence the
messuage was sent.
The cartridges, by preference, will be contained in a metal case, such as or similar
to those used for smooth bore sporting guns, and may be provided with colored
fire balls similar to those in the manufacture of fire-works known as Roman
candles. When the cartridge explodes, these fire balls are shot against a wire
screen, and their colored flame will in conjunction with the noise of explosion add
visual as well as oral evidence that the signal is set "at danger," the hue of the colored
fire ball will also indicate the "home or "distant" signal. The apparatus is
thrown into or out of gear by connections coupling the wire working the sliding
bars 7,, with the lever working the signal.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention together with the
manner of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that what I claim as
new and as of my Invention is,―
First. The novel arrangement, construction, and adaptation to the metal wires
forming connection on railways between the levers in the signalman's box and the
signals and switches or points which such levers actuate, of a contracting and
expanding apparatus which will automatically maintain at one even and uniform
length the said wire connections in the manner as herein substantially described
and set forth at Fig. 1 of the Drawings annexed, and
Secondly. The novel construction, combination, and employment of apparatus
in connection with the signals on railways, which will enable the signalman when
placing the home or distant signal at danger during the continnance of a fog to
place automatically in position for firing explosive cartridges or fog signals, in the
manner and for the purpose as herein substantially described, set forth, and
illustrated in the Drawings annexed.
Thirdly. The employment and use of electric apparatus in connection with such
explosive cartridges which will automatically give the signalman notice of a train
being detained at the signal post, and also when the apparatus requires recharging,
and
Lastly. The employment in connection with the cartridges of colored fire balls,
which when an explosion takes place will inform the engine driver by the
illumination of the colored ball the particular signal where he is warned to stop.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bertie C. Scott, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirty first day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness to the inventor's
signature,
THOMAS WRIGLEY,
75, Chancery Lane,
London.
BERTIE C. SCOTT. (L.S.)