matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARMOUR PLATING FOR VESSELS OF WAR, WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE PROTECTION OF FORTS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Whitehead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, on the 30th January 1878.
"IM-
HENRY WHITEHEAD, of Elton, near Bury, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARMOUR PLATING FOR VESSELS OF WAR,
WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE PROTECTION OF FORTS."
Instead of using solid metal plates of great thickness for these purposes, I propose
to employ either horizontal or vertical layers of comparatively thin plates of iron
or steel placed edgewise and at right angles to the surface to be protected, the
breadth of the said plates being equal to the thickness of the armour required, so
that the shot or other projectiles, instead of striking the side of a thick plate, will
strike against the edges of several plates at a time. The plates are not laid close
together, but at certain distances apart, and the interstices are to be filled in with
compressed cotton, cork, india-rubber, or other suitable elastic substance.
It is believed that shot or other projectiles striking against arinour plating of
this construction will not cause a large fracture as in the case of solid plating, but
will be gradually arrested and prevented from penetrating, or that in the event of
penetration there will not be a large fracture, but merely an orifice of the size and
form of the projectile which can readily be plugged and will not greatly weaken
the armour plating.
In some cases I propose to curve the plates more or less, so that although their
outer edges will be at right angles to the surface, their inner edges will be curved
either upwards, downwards, or sideways. This will have a tendency to deflect the
projectile in a corresponding direction, and thus lessen the chance of penetration.
This curving of the plates will also afford greater facility for their attachment to
the vessel or surface to be protected.
PROVEMENTS IN GUIDE EYES AS APPLIED TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1878.
"CERTAIN IM-
THOMAS SMITH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
PROVEMENTS IN GUIDE EYES AS APPLIED TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER
SIMILAR PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING THE
SAME."
My Invention consists of certain improvements in the manufacture of guide
eyes chiefly employed or attached to railway carriages for carrying and guiding
the signal or alarm rope, but can be adopted for many similar purposes.
To carry out my said Invention I employ or adopt clay or any other plastic
material, and this I compress into moulds of suitable form, according to my
requirement, finished by the process of heat, as with all other china or earthen-
ware goods.
The advantages of this Invention are that I produce an article with economy,
cleanliness, and durability, and the same will be easily kept clean and free from dirt
or corrosion.
Hitherto these guides have been manufactured in metal, but great difficulty and
cost has arisen, not only in their manufacture, but in the care and attention required
to keep them in repair and working condition.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR PLATES FOR SHIPS, FORTS, AND OTHER LIKE STRUCTURES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Alexander at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1878.
ANDREW ALEXANDER, of Leavy Greave, Sheffield, in the County of York. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR PLATES FOR
SHIPS, FORTS, AND OTHER LIKE STRUCTURES."
My Invention relates to compound armour plates to be used for protecting ships,
forts, and other like structures, and it consists of improvements herein-after described
in the construction and manufacture of the said plates.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a mould or moulds; that is to say, thick
plates of steel placed between external moulds of iron or of steel of such mildness
as to admit of welding.
The internal steel mould in such compound plates may be either steel so mild as
to admit of welding to the external plates, or so highly tempered that it will not
weld, but in either case bars are placed along its external edges of such breadth as
to fill up the space between the outer iron (or mild steel) plates, and as nearly as
possible of the same temper, so that these (which I term clamping or compressing
bars) may be firmly welded between the outer plates. In this way the hard steel,
which serves to break up the shot, is firmly clamped between the outer plates and
all along its outer edge, so that when struck, although it may crack, it cannot evade
the shot. At the same time these clamping bars form exterior edges, which (being
soft) may be trimmed and fashioned to size by planing machines and the like much
more quickly than if the hard steel had been carried right through to the outer
edges.
The Invention consists essentially in rolling out each part of the compound plates
separately, thus putting the full amount of work required to give toughness both on
the hard and soft material, then piling them, even if the hard material does not

page_text: admit of welding, with marginal bars of soft or weldable material ranged on all
edges of the hard inner material, so as to fill up the space between the outer plates,
and then heating and rolling to such an extent only as will suffice to weld the
clamping bars to the outer plates, and form a rigid envelope of mild material to
prevent the inner hard material from evading the action of the shot.
E
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Moss and Frederick Whitley
Thomson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May
1878.
GEORGE Moss, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, and FREDERICK
WHITLEY THOMSON, of the Firm of Colin H. Dunlop and Company, Sewing Thread
Manufacturers, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SEWING MACHINES."
The class of sewing machines to which the present improvements relate is that
known as the "lock-stitch machine."
The improvements are a further development of certain of those set forth in the
Specification of the said George Moss, William Robort Stirling, and the said Frederick
Whitley Thomson, filed in pursuance of Letters Patent, No. 3009, and dated the 7th
day of August, A.D. 1877.
The first part of the present improvements relate to the means for holding the
thread case at the under part of the cloth plate.
According to this improvement, instead of being held amongst a series of rollers,
as in the aforesaid Specification, the thread case is held partly by the aid of one
roller, and partly by the aid of a spring. The upper part or cover of the thread
case is formed square, triangular, or of other equivalent form, which, when fitted
into a correspondingly shaped socket on the thread case carrier, prevents it from
being turned round.
The roller and spring by which the thread case is held are situated opposite each
other or nearly so, and the cylindrical surface of the roller has a groove formed in
it for the purpose of the better maintaining the thread case. In place however of
this arrangement the spring opposite the roller may be dispensed with, and a fixed
surface substituted in lieu thereof, in which case the roller is mounted elastically.
Under another arrangement the roller may be dispensed with, and in this instance
the thread case is held amongst two, three, or more springs.
When the loop of thread is being drawn up over the thread case, mounted in
either way herein-before described, the thread passes between the square or other
shaped head of the thread case and the socket in which that head is situated.

page_text: The thread case carrier or bracket is provided with a sliding bolt for the purpose
of quickly releasing or fixing it.
The second part of the present improvements relate to an adaptation to sewing
machines, which we call a "picker" or thread retainer, and the purpose of which
adaptation is to retain or hold a portion of loose thread above the work on the cloth
plate as it issues from the delivery side of the needle. This contrivance consists of
a horizontal arm vibrated upon a vertical axis by the oscillating action of the needle
bar socket or segment. The action of this arm is to take up the thread on the
delivery side of the needle, and draw it back into the form of a loop, which is
retained above the work, so that the strain upon the thread in being drawn up
over the thread case is considerably reduced.
This last improvement is also applicable to shuttle machines.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SIGNAL LIGHTS TO BE USED FOR MILITARY OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henelade Courtenay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1878.
ROBERT HENELADE COURTENAY, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SIGNAL LIGHTS TO BE USED FOR MILITARY OR OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its objects the construction of small shells or cartridges of
fuze (such as is ordinarily used for explosive shells), but giving coloured light when
ignited for the purpose of telegraphing or communicating signals, by means of such
coloured light when the shells or cartridges are fired from small arms, rifled or
smooth, or from tubes or apparatus specially prepared for the purpose.
I make the cases of my improved shells or cartridges of sheet, brass, copper, or
other suitable metal, or of paper, cloth, or other suitable material, and I make a
sufficient number of holes in these cases, arranged tangentially to their circumference,
so as to cause rotary motion of the shell or cartridge round its axis during its flight,
by the resistance of the products of combustion in escaping through the openings
against the air.
I also make one or more perforations in the bottom of the case for the purpose of
giving additional elevation or range of flight, combustion taking place at the sides
and bottom simultaneously when the shell is projected.
I fire shells or cartridges constructed according to my Invention from the muzzle
of a smooth bore gun, into which they fit as nearly air-tight as possible, or they
may be fired from breech loading guns, rifled or not, the small shell or fuze
cartridge being in such cases attached to the front of the conical bullet used, or to
any other suitable form of shot or plug of lead or other suitable metal.
I sometimes use an ordinary time fuze or other convenient form of fuze to ignite
the coloured fire composition when required, when it is desired that the distinct
colours (one or more) shall not be seen until the shell or cartridge has travelled a
certain distance, and in such cases the shell or cartridge shews no light, either
white or coloured, until it has reached its extreme elevation or range.
In charging the shells or cartridges I use quick or slow match of the ordinary
kind as may be required to fire the inflammable composition, with which I mix

page_text: the mineral salts or other substances ordinarily used in the composition of coloured
fires.
In some cases I employ maroons, or shells, or cartridges which explode and
convey signals by the sound of their explosion, or I employ parachute lights in
combination with the shells or cartridges, so that the burning signal light floats
suspended in the air for a considerable time.
AN IMPROVED DOOR FASTENING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Borzecki Welin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1878.
CHARLES BORZECKI WELIN, of 34, Dean Street, Soho Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED DOOR FASTENING."
The object of this Invention is to replace the chain now usually employed for
preventing the full opening of a door.
It consists in a combination of two pieces,-
1st. A piece A with a head fixed on the inside of the door, as shown in the
Drawing.
2d. A piece B, B, slotted as per Drawing, and revolving on a hinge fixed on the
door jamb.
The piece A may be either immoveable or sliding in a groove, or moveable by some
other means.
In these latter cases the apparatus may be utilized as a night
bolt.
Both pieces A and B, B, may have any form, according to the style or form of
the door.
When the piece B, B, lies against the door, as shown in the Drawing, the door
cannot be opened further that the length of the slot of B, B, because the neck of
the piece A works in the said slot.
When the piece B, B, is turned back against the door jamb, the door can be
opened as in the ordinary way.
AN IMPROVED BALANCE WEIGHT, WITH TRIPLE DESCENSION FOR THE SUSPENSION OF CHANDELIERS, GASELIERS, OR OIL LAMPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aimé Francisque Conreur at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1878.
AIMÉ FRANCISQUE CONREUR, Artist Sculptor, of the City of Paris, in the Republic
of France. "AN IMPROVED BALANCE WEIGHT, WITH TRIPLE DESCENSION FOR
THE SUSPENSION OF CHANDELIERS, GASELIERS, OR OIL LAMPS."
This Invention relates to gaseliers and so forth having a central balance weight
or counterpoise termed the "crown," through which the gas conduit passes; this
latter is made telescope fashion, or three-jointed (more or less). By this means
gaseliers, chandeliers, or oil lamps may be suspended in rooms where the ceiling is
low, and can be regulated or raised and lowered with the greatest nicety.
The gaselier or otherwise is suspended as follows:-A band chain is attached on
each side of the counterpoise; thence they pass over two rollers fixed above, and
mounted on a fixed support at the head of the gaselier; they then descend and pass
over two more rollers, one on each side of the counterpoise, and below the points of
connection of the ends of the chains. After passing over these rollers they remount
and pass over two more rollers, whence they again and finally descend to have their
other ends fixed to an ornamental cup or device which surrounds the counterpoise,
when the gaselier or its equivalent is pushed home to the ceiling.
In order to admit of free motion to the telescopic joints of the gaseliers, and allow
of their being drawn out or shortened without any gas escapes being possible, the
joints fit one within the other with gentle friction. The first joint fixed to the
head of the gaselier receives the second, whose upper end terminates in two small
metal disks, between which is some india-rubber, on which are grooves, which serve
as recipients for some grease. The lower end of the first tube is closed by a ring
acting as check to the exit of the second joint, which latter has its lower end
furnished like the first to check the exit of the third joint; this again, like the
second, has its upper end supplied with the disks, and india-rubber for the same
purpose specified, and to the lower end of this final tube the body of the lamp or
gaselier is screwed,
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND TRICYCLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hughes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1878.
GEORGE HUGHES, Ironwork Manufacturer, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Staffordshire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND TRICYCLES."
An improved neck to receive the bearing of the spring instead of the bearing
being on the pin.
Also an improvement in the bearings for the wheels by surrounding the rollers
with a flexible steel collar so arranged that its circumference may be enlarged or
reduced, and the bearings thus adjusted.
Also an improvement in the bearing parts of the spindle, being grooved to reduce
the friction.
Also an improved mode of attaching the cranks to the spindle, by screwing both
with left and right hand threads, and afterwards inserting a screw in the periphery,
where the w. rmed part of the crank surrounds the wormed part of the spindle.
Also an improvement in the bearings of the back wheel by recessing the axis
of the hub for the reception of rollers.
Also an improved movable step to clip the backbone instead of passing through
a hole as hitherto.
Also an improvement to dispense with the lock nutt by slotting the pin at right
angles where it takes its bearing on the centre of the neck.
IMPROVED BELLOWS FOR PRODUCING A CONSTANT BLAST
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward George Burton and Benjamin
Maddock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th November
1878.
"
EDWARD GEORGE BURTON, of 52, Morton Road, Islington, London, and BENJAMIN
MADDOCK, of 18, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London. IMPROVED BELLOWS
FOR PRODUCING A CONSTANT BLAST."
A pair of bellows of the ordinary shape but having three boards; the two
outside boards are each furnished with an air valve, and when in action are kept
apart, whilst the centre board, plays between them; thus one compartment receives
air whilst the other is expelling it, a tongue is placed at the nozzle end of the
bellows and alternately closes the outlets of the two compartments, the outlet of
the discharging compartment being open, and the receiving compartment closed,
the tongue shifting at the turn of each stroke of the centre board.
COFFEE POTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Heshuysen at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1878.
WILLIAM FREDERICK HESHUYSEN, of Zandport, in the Kingdom of Holland, at
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
present of 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
COFFEE POTS."
My Invention relates to an improved construction of coffee pot whereby every
part can be readily and thoroughly cleaned, and the same quality of coffee
obtained for one or more cups in whatever sized pot may be used, besides doing
away with the danger of explosion incidental to most of the steam coffee pots in
present use.
The improved coffee pot consists of two cylindrical parts, one sliding telescopically
within the other. The lower or outer part receives the coffee and water, whilst
the upper or inner sliding part is closed at the top where the spout is situated, and
is formed with a strainer at the bottom. On one part of the circumference of the
lower or outer part is fixed a bracket for the reception of a handle for handling
the pot after the coffee has been made, and at the bottom of the pot is a sur-
rounding cup or receptacle for spirits of wine or other inflaminable liquid. The
outside bottom edge of the upper or sliding part is packed with cotton, rubber, or
other material, to ensure a tight sliding fit with the interior of the lower or outer
part. The latter being supplied with the requisite amount of coffee and water, the
upper or sliding part of the pot is moved or slid out to the top of the lower or
outer part so as to give room for the expanding of the coffee and water; the cup
or receptacle at the base of the pot is then entirely or partially filled (according to
the number of cups required) with the spirits of wine or other inflammable liquid,
which, being ignited, the water soon boils; and as soon as the spirit is consumed the
coffee is ready for use. The upper or sliding part of the pot is then pushed down
into the lower or outer part, and the coffee passing into it through the strainer is
thereby filtered or separated from the sediment and rendered fit for drinking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE SCHOOL DESKS, APPLICABLE TO OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Boddy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1878.
HENRY BODDY, of the City of Ripon, in the County of York, Cabinet Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE SCHOOL DESKS, APPLICABLE TO OTHER LIKE
ARTICLES OF FURNITURE."
This Invention has for its object a more simple, effective, and convenient mode of
adjusting school desks, which is applicable also to other like articles of furniture,
whereby such desks can be readily converted into a table with horizontal fixed top
or into a seat with back support, or reconverted into a desk, having a slope of any
desired angle, by the aid of one person alone in lieu of, as heretofore, requiring the
services of two persons for effecting such changes or adjustments.
In carrying out my said Invention as applied to a school desk, for example, I
employ two, three, or more standards or uprights, the upper ends of which pass
through mortices in a stationary book board or shelf, and are moreover quadrant-
shaped at the top, such quadrants having two or more notches made in their
peripheries for the purpose to be herein-after explained. Below the said quadrants
are fitted the fulcra or centres, upon which the adjustable top (fitted with arms or
brackets underneath) turns or pivots the edges of the quadrants, just clearing the
under surface of the said top.
From end to end (or nearly so) of the adjustable top, whatever its length may be,
there runs longitudinally a sliding rod or bar, which is sunk into a groove on the
under side of the top, so as to be flush therewith, and is covered or not with a metal
plate or strip of wood. At one end of this sliding rod a finger hook is provided
to enable it to be drawn back by one person at the end of the desk for the release
or unlocking of the top. Two or more blocks (according to the number of standards
employed) acting as bolts or catches are fixed to the sliding rod, and engage with
the notches in the quadrants, they being pushed and retained therein by a metal or
other spring acting upon the said rod.

page_text: The moveable arms or brackets have chases made in them for the blocks or catches
to slide in.
When it is desired to adjust the top all that is necessary is to remove the blocks
or catches from their. notches by drawing the sliding bar from one end only of the.
desk, when the top can be placed in any position required, and locked therein by
simply releasing the sliding rod or bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING BY MEANS OF SUPERHEATED STEAM
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Leva Sifroid at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1878.
$6
AUGUSTE LEVA SIFROID, of La Madeleine by Lille (Nord); France, Dyer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING BY MEANS OF SUPERHEATED STEAM."
According to my present Invention I construct apparatus for drying textile fabrics
and other materials by superheated steam as follows. The saturated steam from a
steam boiler is led firstly into a chamber or receptacle raised above the boiler in
which particles of water carried by the steam separate therefrom, and are conducted
by another pipe back into the feed water heater of the boiler. The steam from this
chamber is conducted by a pipe to a row of receptacles or chambers of cast or
wrought iron arranged along the inside of the longitudinal flues of the boiler.
Each receptacle has one or more serpentine passages formed therein, and they are
all connected together by bent pipes through which the steam after having passed
through the passages of the one receptacle passes into the next one.
From the last
of these receptacles the steam thus superheated is conducted into a coil or zig-zag
line of pipes laid upon the floor of the drying chamber. In the space of this
chamber above the floor are suspended or placed the textile fabrics or other articles
to be dried, while into the space below the floor is admitted atmospheric air passing
into the building through side openings provided with regulating slides.
The floor is provided with a number of small openings through which the air
thus admitted below passes into the chamber above, the floor being at the same
time heated to the requisite degree by coming in contact with the steam pipes
thereon.
The sides and roof of the drying chamber are provided with adjustable venti-
lating louvres so as to regulate the escape of the air after it has taken up the
moisture from the articles to be dried.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR SECURING OR RETAINING LADIES' HAIR IN PLACE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1878. A communica-
tion from abroad by Edward Kelly, of Baby's Point, in the Province of
Ontario and Dominion of Canada.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVED MEANS FOR SECURING OR RETAINING LADIES' HAIR
IN PLACE [A communication from abroad by Edward Kelly, of Baby's Point,
in the Province of Ontario and Dominion of Canada.]
This Invention relates to devices for retaining in place braids or rolls of hair
upon ladies' heads. The nature of the said Invention consists in connecting hair
pins of usual character together in pairs by an elastic cord or connection of any
desired length. The pins may be of hard rubber, metal, or other suitable material,
and the connection of the cord to the same is made by a loop around the head of
each pin, or such connection may be made by a swivel coupling of any known form
to prevent twisting or kinking of the cord.
The cord is to be of any desired length according to the particular use to which
the pins are applied. In using this device the pins will be inserted at opposite
sides of the knob of braids formed on the head of the wearer and the elastic cord
passed over the top or around between the braids so as not to be exposed.
The pins are to be placed with the cord under tension and the contraction will
then hold the pins securely in place.
In some cases it may be desirable to wind the cord around the back hair to take
the place of the separate cord generally used to retain the hair in place, and when
this device is used in that manner the cord must be sufficiently long for the purpose.
The cord may be made of ornamental character and the pins placed so as to show
the ornamental cord.
The above-described device is very efficient for the purposes named, and by its
use fewer pins are required than usual.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN WASHING MACHINES FOR DOMESTIC USE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lancaster at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th August 1878.
JOHN LANCASTER, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Agent. "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN WASHING MACHINES FOR DOMESTIC USE."
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of rubbing
surfaces within the "tub" or barrel of the machine.
According to this my Invention, I employ a revolving barrel or tub, within
which I arrange a partition or division formed of staves, bars, or laths lengthwise
the barrel or tub, the clothes or fabrics to be washed are placed some on each
side of the partition referred to, and as the barrel or tub revolves, the clothes or
fabrics roll down the partition so soon as the latter assumes an inclined position;
and on the other half revolution of the tub or barrel, the clothes or fabrics will
again roll in an opposite direction down the incline, and so presenting a constant
change of surface of fabric exposed to friction by such motion of fabric and
partition as described.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE OIL BATHS OR FATTY MATTERS USUALLY EMPLOYED IN DYEING TURKEY RED OR MADDER COLOURS, INCLUDING ARTIFICIAL ALIZARINE COLOURS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Law at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1878.
JAMES LAW, of Castleton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist. "AN IMPROVED PREPARATION TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR THE OIL BATHS OR FATTY MATTERS USUALLY EMPLOYED IN DYEING TURKEY
RED OR MADDER COLOURS, INCLUDING ARTIFICIAL ALIZARINE COLOURS."
"
The object of this Invention is to obtain a substance to be called "Turkeen
because it is used as a mordant in the process of dyeing Turkey red, madder, and
artificial alizarine colors.
This substance is intended to be used as a substitute for the oil baths employed
in Turkey red dyeing. It is used as a means for producing superior colors in such
dyeing process, and to facilitate the process of dyeing Turkey red, madder, and other
colors. The substances employed are the sulphricino-oleate of soda and the sulpho-
oleate of soda. They are compounds of sulphur, oxygen, resinoleum, or fatty
matters, and oxygen, with the addition of soda in solution, with excess of the
carbonate of an alkali to keep it in solution, so that full penetration of the solution
in the fibres or fabric to be operated upon can be effected in order to cause quick
oxidation of the chemical agents. The fibre or fabric after ageing is next dipped in
a solution of acetate of alumina standing 10° Twad., it is afterwards steamed and is
then ready for the dyeback. The advantages of the Invention are that the operator
is enabled to produce (with 12 hours ageing) a colour in Turkey red dyeing superior
to the color now produced by 8 days ageing under the common process now used
in such dyeing. In less time than with any process now in use superior colors may
thus be obtained in the dyeing of other madder or alizarine colours.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilhelm Otto Lampe and Rudesindo
Federico Prudensio Vidal Roche at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 17th December 1878.
WILHELM OTTO LAMPE and RUDESINDO FEDERICO PRUDENSIO VIDAL ROCHE,
both of Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."
The body of the improved shoe forming the subject of this Invention is composed
of any suitable metal, the inner edge and ends being so constructed as to form
flanges extending from the under side thereof, between which and a number of
grips or projections and a strip of metal suitably arranged is compressed or forced
in a quantity of manufactured hemp, so prepared as to be unaffected by either
frost or moisture.
From the above description it will be seen that the main working surface of the
shoe consists of the bemp firmly compressed into the shell of the shoe, thus ensuring
resistance against slipping or falling on slippery, smooth, or rough surfaces and
heavy gradients, thereby giving the animals to which the shoes are applied a con-
fidence only to be obtained by a regular and sure footing, and consequently
rendering accidents from the above mentioned causes nearly impossible. As the
before mentioned grips or projections do not project beyond the main working
surface of the shoe the animal is not liable to pain caused by sudden jerks as is the
case when shoes of ordinary construction are employed. The nail holes are placed
between the grips, close to the outer edge of the shoe, and the heads of the nails
being free of the working surface they are protected from abrasion, and the nails
being thereby prevented from becoming loose the consequent loss of shoes is
avoided, whilst any nail falsely driven in is easily and expeditiously extracted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL HAMMERS, PUNCHES, STAMPS, DIES, AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Honorable John William
Plunkett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October
1878.
The Honorable JOHN WILLIAM PLUNKETT, of 15, Park Squaro, Regent's Park,
N.W., in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL HAMMERS,
PUNCHES, STAMPS, DIES, AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINES."
This relates to improvements in mechanical hammers, punches, stamps, dies, and
other similar machines, which may be worked by steam or other vapour, fluid, or
gas, and in which the motion is given by a cylinder and piston arrangement;
herein-after the words piston rod or rods are to be taken to mean any rod or rods,
hollow or otherwise, communicating through the cover of the cylinder with the
piston.
I propose to make the cylinder itself move up and down the piston rod or rods,
the said rod or rods remaining fixed. Ingress and egress to the said moving cylinder
is to be effected by means of ways down the piston rod or rods, the said ways to
be separated from each other and to communicate at the piston end with the top
and bottom of the cylinder respectively; with the top by means of an opening just
above or in the top of the piston, and with the bottom by means of an opening
through the bottom of the piston; the said ways communicating at the other end
with ports under a slide valve (or other arrangement having the same purport as a
slide valve), which slide valve enables each port (and thus each end of the cylinder)
to communicate alternately with the exhaust and with the boiler or other
receptacle supplying the steam, vapour, fluid, or gas, by which the machine is
worked.
This moving cylinder is to be adapted to giving the blow required of the
machine.
The slide valve is to be arranged, fitted, and actuated, as is usual in modern
machines of the sort above mentioned, and the moving cylinder is to be guided
and steadied as now the moving hammer or stamp of such machines usually is.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE GEARING FOR HAND AND STEAM STEERING APPARATUS FOR SHIPS, AND IN THE COMBINATION OF VALVES FOR THE STEAM ENGINES DRIVING THE SAME, SUCH COMBINATION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Daniel Davis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1878.
GEORGE DANIEL DAVIS, of 669, Commercial Road, London, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE GEARING FOR HAND AND STEAM STEERING APPARATUS FOR SHIPS,
AND IN THE COMBINATION OF VALVES FOR THE STEAM ENGINES DRIVING THE
SAME, SUCH COMBINATION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER STEAM ENGINES."
These improvements consist, firstly, in a new arrangement of the gearing which
acts on the rudder chains, which is composed of a horizontal screw transverse with
the deck, and worked by two bevil wheels in connection with the steam and hand
gear. The driven wheel contains or carries a nut, in which the screw travels.
At each end of the screw there is a pulley block working in a trough or guide,
the action of the screw to port or starboard producing the desired action on the
rudder chains passing over the pulley blocks, one end of each chain being suitably
fixed.
Secondly. In the combination of valves for a steam engine driving the steam
steering gear, also applicable to other engines. In the Drawing accompanying this
Specification,
Figure 1 represents a pair of cylinders a, b, fitted with the double cylindrical
piston valves c, d, e, f, in the cylinders g, h; the ports are shown by the marks x.
The Drawing explains the inlet of steam to the cylinders of the engine, two
eccentrics connect the piston valves with the crank shaft. Figure 2 shows the
valve chest and passages to admit steam to the piston valves by the ports 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, corresponding with the spaces in the piston valve cylinders. 7 and 8
show the inlet and exhaust, which change alternately as the engine moves in one
direction or the other, port 8 supplying steam or exhaust to space under 3 and 4,
and port 7 to spaces under 1, 2, 5, 6, corresponding spaces being made in the case
of the piston valve cylinders.
The change of motion in the engine is supplied by the method shown in
Figures 3 and 4; the pipes shown in Figure 3, i, j, k; i, supplies port 7; k,
supplies 8; and j exhausts. Figure 4 shows the screw hand gear 1, and the gear
in connection with the engine m, the valve n working with the hand, and the
valve o working with the engine gear. The action of these two valves is thus ;-

page_text: When the hand valve admits steam the engine works until the valve o has com-
pleted its traverse which is in exact ratio with the position of the valve n, say a
few degrees, or hard to port or to starboard, and then the steam being shut off the
engine stops, remaining so till the hand gear again admits steam to reverse the
action.
Figures 5 to 10 show a circular arrangement of the valve to replace Figures 3
and 4.
It is obvious that the arrangement of the combination of the piston valves with
the valves and arrangements shown in Figures 3 to 10 may be applied to almost
any form of steam engine where reversing action is required.
HEEL
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1878. A communication from
abroad by Theobald Bechler, of Esslingen, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany.
WHEELS." [A communication from abroad by Theobald Bechler, of Esslingen, in
the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention relates to water wheels, as ordinarily used, driven by a stream or
fall of water, and consists of an-improved method of constructing the_cross_boards,
floats, or buckets. Each such cross board, float, or bucket, is made hollow, of metal
or other suitable material, and rectangular or other convenient shape in cross
section, but preferably circular.
The hollow cross boards, floats, or buckets, constructed as described, are fixed
across the periphery of the water wheel in the usual way, and being filled with air
each constitutes an air chamber, the buoyancy of which assists in raising them out
of the dead water from the wheel, and thus increases the power of the latter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DOORS AND WINDOWS, BY WHICH THE SAME CAN BE OPENED TO EITHER SIDE, AND WHEN SHUT ARE PERFECTLY TIGHT
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1878. A communication
from Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Maetz, Engineer, of Mediasch, in the Empire of
Austria.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF DOORS AND WINDOWS, BY WHICH THE SAME CAN BE OPENED
TO EITHER SIDE, AND WHEN SHUT ARE PERFECTLY TIGHT." (A. communication
from Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Maetz, Engineer, of Mediasch, in the Empire of
Austria.]
The improvements consist of a bolting apparatus, after described, arranged in
pairs between the door or window frame and the door or window in combination
with a two-armed disengaging framework or fork for doors or windows to open
inward, and a three-armed disengaging framework or fork for doors and windows
opening outward. These forks fit into a groove in the door or window frame, and
to them are hinged the door or window, they themselves being hinged to the door
or window frame. These hinges are hung in opposite directions, so that when half
of the door or window is opened in one direction the frame goes with it; when
opened in the other direction the frame remains, and the door or window proper
only is opened.
The bolting apparatus consists of a rod or bar attached to and worked by a
handle, and runs in guides from the top to the bottom of the door or window; it
is also furnished with a lock mechanism held open by a spring, until by the closing
of the door or window frame, or by pressure against the door or window, the bolt
is liberated and the door or window locked.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING WIRE AND PREPARING IT FOR BEING DRAWN
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Carl Glaser at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1878. A communication
from Hermann Kissing and Carl Möllmann, both of Iserlohn, Prussia, in the
Empire of Germany.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of 92, Linden Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING WIRE AND PREPARING
IT FOR BEING DRAWN." [A communication from Hermann Kissing and Carl
Möllmann, both of Iserlohn, Prussia, in the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for cleaning wire
and preparing it for being drawn.
The frame of the apparatus is formed in two parts, an upper and a lower one,
which may be hinged together. Each part of the frame carries three steel
rollers which can turn freely on their axes. When the two parts of the frame
are closed together the steel rollers carried by the upper part of the frame come
between the steel rollers of the lower part of the frame. Standing out from the
upper part of the frame and at right angles to the hinge is a bar which serves as a
lever handle. The lower part of the frame carries a hook catch to catch over the
bar, and hold it down when the two parts of the frame have been turned together.
Two of the rollers of one set have several grooves formed around them corresponding
approximately to the size of the wire being treated and serves as guides for the
same.
The operation of cleaning is as follows:-
The wire is laid over the top of the three rollers carried by the lower part of the
frame. The upper part of the frame is then turned on the hinge joint so as to
bring the three rollers carried by this part of the frame down onto the top of the
wire and the rollers are forced against the wire so as to bend it down between the
three lower rollers. The lever rod by which the upper rollers are pressed down is
then caught, and held by the hooked catch before mentioned. The end of the wire
when presented to the drawing apparatus is drawn forwards by it.
The grooves
in the two grooved rollers before mentioned are turned in such a manner that as
[Price 2d1

page_text: the wire is drawn forward it is made to turn slowly on its axis at the same time
that it is constantly being bent and unbent by passing over the rollers, consequently
the whole of its surface is brought into contact with the rollers at the same time
that it is being bent in opposite directions, and thereby the adhering oxide or scale
is broken and falls off.
The mode above described of cleaning wire is especially applicable for cleaning
wire before drawing it down by apparatus such as is described in the Specification
of a former Patent granted to Carl Möllmann, dated 3rd July 1878, No. 2659, as
when the wire is first cleaned in the manner described, the rollers of this drawing
apparatus are not so rapidly worn as they otherwise would be.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAIL- WAY CHAIRS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Paley at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 30th January 1878..
JOHN PALEY, of No. 3, Union Place, Shieldfield, in the Town and County of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAIL-
WAY CHAIRS."
I roll bars of wrought iron or steel of any convenient length, and roughly some-
what resembling "angle iron," but of such section on one side externally as that
it shall correspond nearly with a half section of the rail to which it is intended to
apply, excepting at the upper part of such rail to which it does not reach, the other
portion of the bars forming the other side of the angle iron is in external section
flat like ordinary angle iron. I cut these bars by sawing hot, or in any other con-
venient way, as is well understood, into short lengths, suitable for the formation of
chairs, and in the side having flat external section I drill or punch holes corres-
ponding to the trenail holes in common or joint chairs, and in the side having
recessed external section corresponding to the rail I drill or punch holes corres-
ponding to the holes for bolts made in what are known as fish plates. By the
application then of one piece of such bar to each side of the rail (if of like section
on both sides) a chair is formed in two parts which nearly coincides with and
embraces the whole of the lower part of the rail and a considerable portion of each
side, and by the introduction and securing of fish-plate bolts the two parts of the
chair are braced up together, and each to the rail, and thus a light and inexpensive
wrought-iron chair is formed, having a broad flat basis for support on the sleepers,
and otherwise of great stability, and fishing plates are dispensed with. If the
section of the rail be not uniform on both sides I roll right and left hand bars for
each section. If desired, arrangements for locking the bottom flange can be intro-
duced.
My Invention is specially applicable to joint chairs, but it is also so to ordinary
chairs.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR BURNING LIME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Beaumont Parrington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1878.
MATTHEW BEAUMONT PARRINGTON, of Burham, in the County of Kent. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR BURNING LIME."
My Invention relates to lime kilns, and consists in improvements having for
their object to economise fuel, bricklayers labor, and materials.
Heretofore the eye or throat of a lime kiln at which fuel is introduced has been
closed by a tile hung on a chain which is lowered to cover the eye when the kiln is
burning, and the fire bars on which the fuel is placed extend quite up to the tile.
According to my Invention I provide the furnace with a hinged door recessed
into the eye or throat, so as to enable the latter to be made shorter, the door being
constructed of an iron frame with a thick tile or fire-clay panel let into the centre
or fixed to the inner side to protect the door from the heat of the furnace.
This door is hung to an iron frame bolted to the brickwork of the furnace, and
the spindle of the hinge on which the door is hung is loose in the hinge knuckles
of the door and frame, so as to avoid any liability of the door working stiff or
becoming set fast.
Instead of the fire bars extending up to the door, a dedd plate is introduced
whereby to avoid the burning away of the brickwork, and economise fuel by
burning it only where its action is most effective.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON Roofs
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Charles Hemming at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1878.
SAMUEL CHARLES HEMMING, of the City of London, Iron Building Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON Roofs."
The great objection hitherto to the use of iron or other metal roofing arises from
excessive heat from the sun, and also the noise caused by falling rain or hail.
Now the object of my Invention is to obviate these defects, and my improvements
consist in fixing or straining externally over the roof galvanized wire placed at a
suitable distance from the iron and at suitable distances apart; to these wires,
I purpose fastening straw, long grass, or any other suitable material, the thickness
of which may be varied, but about four inches will be sufficient for the purpose
required. I also purpose forming an air chamber between the iron, made by a
piece of wood or iron forming a false purlin, blocked up to allow a free passage of
air between the felt and the iron, the air entering at the eaves and driving the hot
air out at the ridge, thereby causing greatly improved ventilation. The frame-
work for the roof may be iron or wood, or both combined.