Improvements in Looks.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 12th June, 1889-Accepted, 3rd Aug., 1889
COMPLETE SPE
Improvements in Looks.
I, ALFRED ST. CLAIR BUXTON, of 165 The Grove, Hammersmith, London, W.
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in the construction of locks whereby the
security of the said locks is increased by reason of the possibility of their being
picked being considerably diminished. For this purpose I employ a double-bitted key
having projections or levers which operate simultaneously one or more pairs of
tumblers arranged on opposite sides of the pivot of the key, the tumblers composing
each pair moving in the same plane. In the bits of the said key are slots for the
reception of a ward or wards, the said ward or wards being so arranged as to protect
the tumblers and thus render it difficult to tamper with them.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents my invention
applied to a cupboard-door lock in which the bolt is shot back and the key inserted.
Figure 2 represents the same lock, the key having now been turned through about 90°
thus raising the tumblers preparatory to shooting the bolt.
Figure 3 represents the same lock with the bolt shot, the tumblers in their orginal
position, and the key withdrawn.
Figures 4 and 5 represent a modified form of my invention as applied to a similar
lock.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12 illustrate my invention as applied to a latch lock.
Figure 10 represents the key for the locks shewn in Figures 4 to 12.
Figure 18 shows my invention applied to a box lock.
Figure 14 shows my invention adapted to a hasp lock.
The same letters are used throughout, as far as possible, to designate similar parts
in the various Figures.
With reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3, B is a bolt, working in a case Chaving an opening
at Q, through which works the bolt head H. P P¹are pins upon which are pivotted the
tumblers T T¹. Upon the bolt B are fixed two pins K K₁ which work in the slots of
the tumblers T T¹. The spring S, working upon the fixed pin p, acts upon the lower
extremities of the said tumblers and thus tends to keep them in the position shewn in
Figure 1. The key J, shewn in Figure 9, is the same as that used to operate the lock
shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 3. The said key J, Figure 9, has a barrel a, working on a
pin b, and two bits cc' provided with slots d'd' through which pass the wards e c¹ having
flanges ff; the said flanges serving to cover the ends W W' of the tumblers TT,
thus increasing the difficulty of operating the said tumblers by means of picks. In
the bits c c are notches such as g g' forming the projections or levers which engage
with the tumblers; either of the projections h h¹ serving to shoot the bolt.
Figure 2 shows the key J which has moved through about 90° and has removed
the upper extremities of the tumblers T T¹ sufficiently apart to release the
pins KK from the recesses R R', thus permitting the pins K K¹ to move up the
slots L L' as the bolt B is shot by the lever h of the key J, acting upon the projec-
tion M on the bolt B. A further turn of the key through about 90° completes the
operation of locking and enables the key to be withdrawn. The bolt having now
been shot, Figure 3, the pins K K'are brought opposite the transverse slots N N', and
the spring S causes the upper extremities of the tumblers T T¹ to approach each other,
thus lodging the pins KK in the said transverse slots N N¹, which prevents the bolt
from being pushed back. G is a guard, fixed upon the case C, to prevents a pick from
striking the tumblers T T below the transverse slots N N¹. V is a projection on the
bolt B to enable the said bolt to be shot back by the key J.
Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a similar lock to that previously described, except that

page_text: the portion W of each tumbler, instead of being rounded as shewn in Figures 1, 2
and 3 is brought to a. knife edge at the point at which it is struck by the lever or
projection of the key; this necessitates the employment of a different form of key
which is shewn in plan in Figure 4 and' in perspective in Figure 10. The bits of this
key are curved so as to act as cams upon the tumblers'; the projections h h¹ being so
arranged as not. to engage with the projections V and: M upon the bolt B, in the act of
unlocking and locking respectively, until the said key has been turned through about 90°.
The recesses R R in the tumblers T T', shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 3, are dispensed
with in Figures 4 and 5, so that when the bolt is shot back, as shewn in. Figure 5, the
pins K K remain in the slots LL, to prevent the bolt from being, inadvertently
moved, when in this position, a spring, X is secured to the case C and, is so arranged as
to engage with a.
notch Y in the side of the bolt B. It is obvious that the aperture
for the introduction of the key, (shewn in Figure 10) into the lock should be corre-
pondingly shaped.
"
By dispensing with the pivot b, Figure 9, and modifying the form of the wards e e¹,
and by providing an aperture. upon the front and back of the lock, the said lock can
be converted into a mortice or door lock, provision being made in. the said apertures
for the reception of the pin of the said key.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12 illustrate the application of my invention to a latch
lock. Figure 6 shows the bolt B with the tumblers removed. A spring S¹ fastened
to a stud pl presses against two projections Z Z upon the bolt B, thus tending always
to keep the bolt head H in the locked position. Figure. 7 is the same as Figure: 6
with the tumblers inserted; the said tumblers are similar to those shewn in Figures 4
and 5 except that they are pivotted at their lower extremities, have the springs S S¹
fastened to their outer edges and pressing against the case C, and are provided with
inclines. Within the bolt B moves a slide l having upon it inclined shoulders m'm¹
corresponding to the inclines i upon the tumblers T T. From the said slide
projects a pin n, working in a slot u,, fastened to a moveable cover piece t on the
outside of the case provided with a knob by which it may be operated. On pushing
down the slide the shoulders m m' engage the inclines of the tumblers T T¹ thus
forcing them apart until the pins K K₁ of the bolt B are opposite the slot. L L'; by
this time the shoulders m m₁ are clear of the inclines i i. A further movement of the
slide in the same direction carries it freely between the tumblers and engages a
projection g on the said slide with a corresponding projection r upon the bottom of the
bolt, and draws the bolt head H into the case C, as shown in Figure 8. The lock can
be opened from the other side of the case by the key J, in a similar manner to that
described with reference to Figures. 4 and 5, independently of the slide 1. In order
to refasten the door by simply slamming it, the head of the bolt is forced into a
metal chamber v, Figures 11 and 12, provided with a moveable front w
which automatically covers the head of the bolt,, when the door is closed as
in Figure 12. Figure 13 illustrates. the application of my invention to a box. lock.
In this case the lock may be similar to those described in reference. to Figures 1. to 5,
the bolt head H being dispensed with, and. hooked projections. z z¹ provided upon its
side which protrude through the side of the case C and engage with. a perforated
plate y, fixed upon the lid of the box. Fig. 14 is a hasp lock, such as is usually
applied to trunks, in which the lock is similar to those described. with. reference to
Figures 1 to 5, the head of the boit being made to engage with an ordinary hasp,, the.
loop of which projects into the case (through a slot provided for that purpose.
It is obvious that any number of superposed. pairs of tumblers may be employed. in
any of the locks, four pairs being shewn in Figure. 9. The lock shewn in Figure 9 is
provided with a drum k. having an outer aperture: for the key at right angles to the
aperture through which the key enters the lock.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said: Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I'
claim is

page_text: a
several pairs of tumblers such as T T¹ upon each pair of which acts
spring such as S-the tumblers composing each pair being on opposite sides of a
key-pivot band moving in a common plane and a double-bitted key J having
slots d d¹ for the reception of wards e e¹, the whole constructed and operating in the
manner substantially as described and illustrated with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3,
and to the key J shewn in Figure 9.
2. In a cupboard-door lock the combination of a bolt B, having a retaining
spring ✗, with one pair or several pairs of tumblers such as T T having knife
edges W W, and upon each pair of which acts a spring such as S-the tumblers
composing each pair being on opposite sides of a key-pivot 6 and moving in a common
plane-and a curved double-bitted key J¹ having projections h h¹ and slots ď ď¹ for
the reception of wards e e', the whole constructed and operating in the manner sub-
stantially as described and illustrated with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 10.
3. In a latch lock the combination of a bolt B upon which acts a spring S¹, with
one pair or several pairs of tumblers such T T having inclines i i¹, and springs si, a
slide / having inclined shoulders m m³ and a projection q corresponding to a projec-
tion on the bolt B, a double-bitted key J having slot d d for the reception of
wards e e¹ and a chamber having a moveable front w the whole constructed and
operating in the manner substantially as described and illustrated with reference to
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.
4. A box lock substantially as described and illustrated with reference to
Figure 13.
A hasp lock substantially as described and illustrated with reference to
Figure 14.
6. A mortice lock having parts such as those described for the locks shewn in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with modified wards, key apertures, and key substantially as
described.
Dated this 10th day of June 1889
ALFRED ST. CLAIR BUXTON.