Improvements in Ventilating Waterproof Garments.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 28th Dec., 1889-Accepted, 1st Feb., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating Waterproof Garments.
We, GOODMAN CHARLES MANDLEBERG, HENRY LESSER ROTHBAND and SAMUEL
LAWRENCE MANDLEBERG, of the Albion Rubber Works, Pendleton, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers of India Rubber Piece and other Goods,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, to be as follows:-
Firstly The object of our invention is to form the seams of garments (more
particularly those parts coming opposite the back of the wearer) in such manner that
air will be admitted from the exterior of the garment, to the space between it and the
body of the wearer but so that rain will be excluded, the object being attained in such
a manner as not to be easily seen or which will make the garment appear different
from ordinary unventilated garments.
We carry out our invention by inserting tubes formed of thin india rubber by
preference, in the lengthway of the seams of the garment the lower parts of these
tubes being perforated on one side with small holes which are open to the atmosphere
on the exterior of the garment, through which small holes the air enters and passes up
the tubes and leaves each tube through similar small perforations in the side of the
tube, opening to the inner side of the garment.
The air thus admitted being heated by the body of the wearer passes upwards and
wearer, and carries
escapes at the collar of the garment or round the neck of the
with it the perspiration thrown off in vapour from the body of the wearer, thus pre-
venting in a great measure the accumulation of moisture on the inside of the water-
proof garment.
The second part of our invention has also for its object the ventilation of india
rubber waterproof garments in such manner that externally the garment will appear
to be the same as ordinary unventilated india rubber waterproof garments as the
arrangements we employ will not be perceived, or will not be such as to draw attention
on the exterior of the garments.
We prefer to line the india rubber waterproof garments wholly or in part with
flannel or similar material either single or double which serves to absorb the perspira-
tion from the body of the wearer that ten'ls to accumulate as moisture on the
inside of ordinary india rubber waterproof garments, and cause a feeling of chilliness
to the wearer, the flannel or other absorbent material giving time to allow the heat of
the body and currents of air as hereinafter explained to carry away the moisture as it
evaporates from the flannel. Between the lining and the waterproof or between the
double linings a series of elastic tubes are inserted and secured by cement or stitching,
these tubes being formed by preference of india rubber, and when inserted in or
attached to the lining are flattened, but their elasticity is such as to keep open the
passage or channel through their interiors.
The lining nearest the body of the wearer is perforated with small holes which enter
holes in the inner side of the elastic tubes, so that through these small holes perspira-
tion from the body of the wearer and currents of air or vapour can enter the inside
of the elastic tubes along which they can freely pass away.
These flattened elastic tubes are arranged side by side and pass or may pass from
the side or other seams of the garment their ends being open to the external air, then
they ascend from the seams to or near the collar of the garment where the other open
end of the tubes have their outlets.
It will thus be seen that the heat of the body of the wearer or external heat will
tend to cause currents of air to pass up and through these elastic tubes and this air

page_text: will carry with it the perspiration in the form of vapour which passes from the body
and evaporates from the lining to the small holes made to enter the elastic flat tubes
as hereinbefore explained.
1
1000
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating Waterproof Garments.
We, GOODMAN CHARLES MANDLEBERG, HENRY LESSER ROTHBAND, and SAMUEL
LAWRENCE MANDLEBERG, of the Albion Rubber Works, Pendleton, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, (now Directors of "The Albion Waterproofing Works
J. Mandleberg & Co. Limited") Manufacturers of India Rubber Piece and other
Goods, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Firstly. The object of our invention is to form the seams of garments (more
particularly those parts coming opposite the back of the wearer) in such manner that
air will be admitted from the exterior of the garment, to the space between it and the
body of the wearer, but so that rain will be excluded, the object being attained in such
a manner as not to be easily seen, or which will make the garment appear different
from ordinary unventilated garments.
We carry out our invention by inserting tubes formed of thin india rubber by
preference, in the lengthway of the seams of the garment, or in a vertical, or in a
direction oblique to the vertical, the lower parts of these tubes being perforated on one
side with small holes which are open to the atmosphere on the exterior of the garment,
through which small holes the air enters and passes up the tubes and leaves each tube
through similar small perforations in the side of the tube, opening to the inner side
of the garment.
The air thus admitted being heated by the body of the wearer passes upwards and
escapes at the collar of the garment or round the neck of the wearer, and carries with
it the perspiration thrown off in vapour from the body of the wearer, thus preventing
in a great measure the accumulation of moisture on the inside of the waterproof
garment.
The second part of our invention has also for its object the ventilation of india
rubber waterproof garments in such manner that externally the garment will appear
to be the same as ordinary unventilated india rubber waterproof garments as the
arrangements we employ will not be perceived or will not be such as to draw attention
on the exterior of the garments.
We prefer to line the india rubber waterproof garments wholly or in part (especially
opposite the back or chest) with flannel or similar material either single or double,
which serves to absorb the perspiration from the body of the wearer that tends to
accumulate as moisture on the inside of ordinary india rubber waterproof garments,
and cause a feeling of chilliness to the wearer, the flannel or other absorbent material
giving time to allow the heat of the body and currents of air as hereinafter explained
to carry away the moisture as it evaporates from the flannel-Between the lining and
the waterproof, or between the double linings, a series of elastic tubes are inserted,
and secured by cement or stitching, these tubes being formed by preference of india
rubber, and when inserted in or attached to the lining are Hattened, but their
elasticity is such as to keep open the passage or channel through their interiors.
The lining nearest the body of the wearer is perforated with small holes which
enter holes in the inner side of the elastic tubes, so that through these small holes
perspiration from the body of the wearer and currents of air or vapour can enter the
inside of the elastic tubes along which they can freely pass away.

page_text: These flattened elastic tubes are arranged side by side with spaces between and pass
or may pass from the side or other seams of the garment, their lower ends being
open to the external air, then they ascend from the seams to or near the collar of the
garment where the other open end of the tubes have their outlets.
It will thus be seen that the heat of the body of the wearer or external heat will
tend to cause currents of air to pass up and through these elastic tubes and this air
will carry with it perspiration in the form of vapour which passes from the hody and
evaporates from the lining to the small holes made to enter the elastic flat tubes as
hereinbefore explained.
The spaces in the lining between the elastic rubber tubes are also kept open by them
so that air or vapour from the body of the wearer is also allowed to enter the channels
or cavities thus formed between the elastic rubber tubes which ascends to and is
allowed to escape at the collar of the waterproof garment.
Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the first part of our invention and figs. 3 and 4 the second
part of our invention."
Fig. 1 represents a part of the back of a waterproof garment.
The left half of fig. I represents the outside of the waterproof and the right half
shows the outside of the waterproof fabric removed leaving the tubes in section.
In fig. 2 one tube is shown in section, the line a, representing the waterproof fabric,
and the line, the lining of any suitable material, which may be porous, the two inner
lines in fig. 2 represent a tube c.
The tubes of india rubber c, are thin but elastic and of sufficient strength to keep
open in ordinary use-they are closed at their lower ends and are open and have
their outlets near the collar of the garment by which they are concealed from view
looking from its exterior.
Small holes d, are made in the sides and at the lower ends of the tubes c, to open
to and admit air from the outside of the waterproof, and similar holes d', are made in
the opposite sides, that is, inside the garment, to open into and admit air from the
tubes to the inside of the garment, these inside holes d', in the tubes commencing
higher up the tubes than the holes d, on the outside of the tubes. The upper inside
holes d', will also admit air from the inside of the garment to pass up the tubes c.
The tubes c, are secured by cement or otherwise to the waterproof fabric a, and
the lining b, covers the tubes inside the garment, the holes d, entering the tubes c,
pass from the outside through the waterproof fabric a, and side of the tube
like manner through the lining b, and side of the tube c.
and in
There are spaces left between the tubes c, which will form air cavities if desired
into which air or heated vapour.can pass from the inside of the garment through the
porous lining, or holes in the lining, and ascend and pass out near the collar of the
garment.
It will be seen that when the garment is worn that any rain which may enter the
outside holes d, will pass down the tubes c, and out at the lowest hole d, in each tube c,
and that air can enter these outside holes (d) and pass up the tubes (but rain cannot)
and out through the hole d', to the inside of the garment.
Fig. 3 is a view of the back part of a waterproof garment, that half on the left
being a view of the inside lining, and that half on the right supposes the inside
lining removed, thus exposing the india rubber tubes and showing the flannel lining
behind it.
Fig. 4 is a view of the exterior of the back part of the waterproof garment showing
the india rubber tubes in dotted line.
The india rubber tubes c, are flat or oval in cross section, they are or may be wider
at their lower, than at their higher ends.
The tubes are arranged to ascend more or less obliquely, the lower open end
terminating at the side seams of the garment as shown, the upper open ends
terminating at the collar of the garment and are concealed by it, looking from the
exterior The waterproof fabric a, is cemented or otherwise secured along the seams
and between the outlets of the tubes c, which may be arranged at any desired
distance apart.

page_text: The tubes c, are supposed to be placed as we prefer, between two pieces of flannel b,
and b, or similar material, and small holes d', are made through the inner lining b,
passing through and into the tubes c, as shown in fig. 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is.
1. The ventilation of waterproof garments by means of elastic tubes having per-
forations in them arranged and combined with the waterproof fabric substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, and also when
combined with a porous lining.
2. The ventilation of waterproof garments by elastic tubes, the open lower ends
of which terminate in the side seams of the garment to admit air, which passes
through perforations into the inside of the garment, substantially as herein before
described.
3. The ventilation of waterproof garments by elastic tubes, the open ends of which
terminate in the side seams to admit air which passes through perforations in the tubes
into the inside of the garment these tubes being combined with a porous and absorbent
lining or linings, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twenty seventh day of December 1889.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.