Improvements in Machines for Spinning and Twisting Yarns.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Aug., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 6th June, 1893-Accepted, 9th Aug., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Spinning and Twisting Yarns.
1, GUILLAUME LAURENCY, of Dolhain, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
1
The object of this invention is to cause the winding of threads or yarns on
bobbin and fly frames to be performed at the same regular tension throughout,
whatever may be the diameter of the cop at any time during the winding, and for
this purpose the invention consists in certain improvements in the various parts
connected with the twisting and winding by means of which such bobbin and fly
frames may be suitable for the spinning or twisting of yarns of wool or cotton, or
of matters in general susceptible of being converted into yarns by spinning.
A freely rotating spindle is employed on which the bobbin is wound, this spindle
is hollow and encloses and rests upon a fixed and stationary central core on which
it has a bearing at its upper end and at its lower end. The spindle carries at its
lower end a projecting body of some weight on one side to serve as a weight to
bring the spindle out of equilibrium especially when under the influence of the
centrifugal force produced by its revolution.
The flier, or device which winds the yarn on the bobbin twisting the yarn at
same time is a rotary sleeve turning freely on a tubular socket on the fly frame
and revolved by a cord or strap. On the upper end of the sleeve is an eye or
hook through which the yarn from the delivery rollers passes, and at another
point on the said sleeve is a swinging arm with an eye or hook at one end and
a counterbalancing extension at the other the yarn also passing through the
latter eye or hook on its way to the bobbin. Near the rotary sleeve is a small
brake to be actuated by the foot by rocking a rod carrying it. Inside the tubular
socket on which the flier revolves is also a ligbt spring of any suitable construction
which serves as a brake for the bobbin by pressing on the surface of the latter
with a tension increasing naturally as the diameter of that part of the bobbin on
which it presses increases. A set-screw is used to regulate the tension of this
spring brake.
The sliver is delivered continuously from the cylinders and is wound by the
flier to form a bobbin. So long as the sliver is delivered by the cylinders at a rate
sufficient for its winding on the spindle without tension on the latter the spindle
remains immovable. But as the bobbin grows in diameter the winding becomes
increased as regards the feed from the rollers so that tension arises which causes
the spindle to be revolved in the same sense as the flier. The tension of the yarn
therefore revolves the bobbin. At a low rate of speed however this movement of
the bobbin does not produce a sufficient retarding force to give the necessary tension
on the yarn, the winding should therefore be fast enough to allow the centrifugal
force of the unbalanced weight on the spindle to operate a resistance of sufficient
amount. This complement of force might also be absorbed by fitting wings or
pallets on the spindle to operate under air or liquid friction and so retard the
spindle. To give however a constant tension to the yarn it is obvious that this
friction must increase and diminish as, and in the same proportion as, the
diameter of that part of the bobbin on which the yarn is winding increases and
diminishes.
This may be done either by varying the speed of the machine according to the
variation in the diameter of the bobbin so that the increased speed of rotation of
the unbalanced weight or of the retarding pallets may give increased friction; or
by causing the pallets to dip further into a basin of liquid in proportion as greater
friction is desired; or preferably by the spring brake before described the

page_text: retarding friction of which on the bobbin increases automatically as the diametrical
size of the part of the bobbin on which it presses increases.
Dated this 9th day of August 1892.
HERBERT & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Spinning and Twisting Yarns.
I GUILLAUME LAURENCY of Dolhain, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to cause the winding of threads or yarns by means
of bobbin and fly frames to be performed at the same regular tension throughout,
whatever may be the diameter of the cop at any time during the winding, and for
this purpose the invention consists in certain improvements in the various parts
connected with the twisting and winding by means of which such bobbin and fly
frames may be suitable for the spinning or twisting of yarns of wool or cotton, or
of matters in general susceptible of being converted into yarns by spinning.
A freely rotating spindle is employed on which the bobbin is wound, this spindle
is hollow and encloses and rests upon a fixed and stationary central core on which
it has a bearing at its upper end and at its lower end. The spindle carries at its
lower end a projecting body of some weight on one side to serve as a weight to
bring the spindle out of equilibrium especially when under the influence of the
centrifugal force produced by its revolution.
The flier, or device which winds the yarn on the bobbin twisting the yarn at the
same time, is a rotary sleeve turning freely on a tubular socket on the fly frame
and revolved by a cord or strap. On the upper end of the sleeve is an eye or
hook through which the yarn from the delivery rollers passes, and at another point
on the said sleeve is a swinging arm with an eye or hook at one end and a counter-
balancing extension at the other, the yarn also passing through the latter eye or
hook on its way to the bobbin. Near the rotary sleeve is a small brake to be
actuated by the foot by rocking a rod carrying it. Inside the tubular socket on
which the flier revolves is also a light spring of any suitable construction which
serves as a brake for the bobbin by pressing on the surface of the latter with a
tension increasing naturally as the diameter of that part of the bobbin on which
it presses increases. A set screw is used to regulate the tension of this spring
brake.
The sliver is delivered continuously from the cylinders and is wound by the
flier to form a bobbin. So long as the sliver is delivered by the cylinders at a
rate sufficient for its winding on the spindle without tension on the latter, the
spindle remains unmoved, but as the bobbin grows in diameter the amount of each
winding becomes increased in proportion to the feed from the rollers so that tension
arises which causes the spindle to be revolved in the same direction as the flier.
The tension of the yarn therefore revolves the bobbin. At a low rate of speed
however this movement of the bobbin does not produce a sufficient retarding force'
to give the necessary tension on the yarn, the winding should therefore be fast
enough to allow the centrifugal force of the unbalanced weight on the spindle to
develope a resistance of sufficient amount. This complement of force can also be
absorbed by fitting wings or pallets on the spindle to operate under air or liquid
friction and so retard the spindle. To give however a constant tension to the yarn
it is obvious that this friction must increase and diminish as, and in the same
proportion as, the diameter of that part of the bobbin on which the yarn is
winding increases and diminishes.
This may be done either by varying the speed of the machine according to the

page_text: variation in the diameter of the bobbin so that the increased speed of rotation of
the unbalanced weight or of the retarding pallets may give increased friction, or
by causing the pallets to dip further into a basin of liquid in proportion as greater
friction is desired; or preferably by the spring brake before described the retarding
friction of which on the bobbin increases automatically as the diametrical size of
the part of the bobbin on which it presses increases.
The drawings hereto annexed illustrate the manner in which this invention is to
be performed.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the spindle.
Fig. 2 a vertical section of the flyer showing also the spindle in elevation.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the spindle and flyer.
Fig. 3 illustrates the formation of the cop. Fig. 4 shows a modification and
Fig. 5 a detail view thereof.
Figs. 6 to 8 show constructions hereinafter described.
B is the stationary central core upon which the sleeve L forming the rotary
spindle revolves. All the stationary cores B are fixed upon the cross rod A which
rises and falls in the proper measure for the winding of the yarn in the usual
manner and form of a cop. The sleeve L pivots upon the upper end of the core B
and its lower end has a conical bearing accurately fitting to the conical surface of
The lower end of the sleeve L moreover is situated within the cup Tat
the base of the core B for lubrication by means of oil placed in this cup. The
cup T may be threaded on the tapered end of the core B before the latter is
inserted in the hole in the cross bar A and secured by the nut on its lower end.
The cup thus becomes fixed in place and tends also to maintain the core B rigidly
upright.
the core.
The sleeve L carries near its lower end the excentrically placed weight S P
intended as aforesaid to bring the sleeve L out of equilibrium by the centrifugal
force generated in its revolution. This weight may be composed of small disks
threaded upon a wire as shown fixed on a flange or annular disk surrounding the
sleeve L or otherwise secured to the latter. By use of more or fewer disks on the
wire the necessary regulation for best practical effect may be attained.
The bracket plate H secured to the frame J of the machine carries fixed in it a
vertical sleeve M upon which the cylinder P is accurately fitted to revolve. The
cylinder P is provided with an annular groove for the cord or belt by which it is
revolved. The cylinder P may easily be made to revolve within an oil cup if such
be necessary or advisable. G is the one eye or hook on the edge of the cylinder P,
and K the pivoted and to a certain extent counter balanced hook at another point
on the edge of the said cylinder. The spring brake intended to press upon the
cop at the desired moment may be a metallic spring of any kind whose pressure
may be regulated by a set screw, but I prefer to use the flat metallic spring D as
shown secured at its lower end by a screw or screws F to the bracket H and
adapted to be approached to the sleeve L by the set screw E until its cushioned
end lies at the desired distance from the sleeve to come in contact with the yarn
wound thereon when the windings shall have become increased to such a diameter
that the retarding influence of the spring brake is required. The brake by which
the revolutions of the cylinder P may be arrested consists of a small excentric
block O revolvable with the rod R on the upper end of which it is fixed. This
rod carries near the ground level a projecting arm r so that pressure of the foot of
the attendant against this arm may revolve the rod R about one tenth of a turn
and thus bring the block O into contact with the lower flange of the cylinder P.
The sliver to be twisted and wound is delivered at a uniform rate from the
delivering rollers or cylinders. It is carried through the eye G, thence through
the eye or hook K and wound on the sleeve L. The revolution of the cylinder P
twists the sliver while the hook K winds it upon the sleeve L. So long as the
tension of the yarn is insufficient to move the sleeve L the latter remains at rest
and each revolution of the cylinder P corresponds both to a complete single twist
of the yarn and a complete coil on the sleeve. This will happen so long as the

page_text: amount delivered by the cylinders is sufficient for winding without tension on the
yarn sufficient to move the sleeve L. However as the cop grows the coils require
longer lengths of yarn, and as the yarn delivered is always constant in quantity,
tension will arise which will cause the sleeve L to revolve in the same direction as
the flyer P though with a certain amount of lagging. At a moderate rate of speed
the movement of the sleeve L will not absorb sufficient force or exercise sufficient
retarding influence to cause the winding to be sufficiently hard and close, the over-
balancing moment of the weight SP however gives a retarding force by the
friction it causes in the lower bearing of the sleeve L on the core B.
An equivalent retarding or brake force is obtainable by the use of wings V
as in Fig. 4 revolving in air or in a liquid; these wings fixed on the sleeve L give a
resistance to its revolution proportional to its speed of rotation.
It will however be noticed that as the cop maintains in its winding the form of a
cone much less force is required to revolve the sleeve L when the winding occurs
at or near the base of the cone than is necessary near the apex; the resistance to
the revolution of the sleeve L should not therefore be uniform but must increase
and diminish in proportion to the diameter of that part of the cop on which the
winding is actually happening at the time.
This variation may be performed by giving to the machine a speed proportional
to the diameter of that part of the cop at the moment receiving the yarn, the
effect of the weight SP or of the wings V is thus increased or diminished in
proportion to the increase or diminution of the speed.
The same result may be obtained without any alteration of the speed by
arranging a cup T as in Fig. 4 filled with oil or any liquid at the base of each
spindle and moving the same up or down with relation to the spindle in conformity
with the winding so that as the diameter of the coil actually wound at the moment
increases, the pallets V dip further into the liquid in the cup T, to rise again
therefrom as the winding again diminishes.
The spring D however hereinbefore described offers a preferable means for
obtaining the periodical increase and decrease of retardation required to give
equal tension at all times to the yarn. While the winding is upon the sleeve L
itself as at the commencement of the cop, or at the apex of the cone during
the progress of the cop, the resistance of the sleeve L, with help of weight SP
will be sufficient to give the necessary tension and consequently the spring d
need not then press at all on the cop or sleeve. As the cop rises and
its diameter increases it will press more strongly against the spring d in
proportion to its diameter and as that diameter in contact with the spring D
is always exactly proportional to that on which the winding is taking place,
it follows that the retarding influence arising from the pressure of the
spring D will always be proportional to the diameter receiving the yarn.
Fig. 3 shows the progress of the cop with the spring D in full lines in position of
its least pressure and in dotted lines at its greatest pressure. The strength and
adjustment of the spring D are such that its proportional retarding influence
aforesaid results in the winding always being performed at a uniform tension.
The apparatus which causes the spinning frame to vary in speed is represented
by the Figures 6 and 7. A is an intermediate shaft, carrying a conical pulley B
geared by strap D to another conical pulley C, driving the machine.
The strap D is guided over the different diameters of these conical pulleys B
and C by two forks E and E', receiving their oscillating movement. from the
heart-shaped excentric K'. This excentric produces a rising and falling movement
of the cross bar A, carrying the spindles, by means of the two armed lever G,
endless screw and the toothed wheel H; a chain attached to the upper end of the
lever G passes over the pulley J and exerts a drawing or pulling motion on the
arm L fixed on the shaft which actuates the forks EE¹. The oscillating motions
which are imparted to the inferior axes H and H by the excentric,. are
consequently likewise transferred to the strap D, which is thus caused, to occupy
the position shown in the drawing, when the spindles are arrived at the end of

page_text: their descending course and the winding takes places on the smallest diameter of
the cone of the cop; according as the excentric causes the spindles to rise and the
diameter of the cop on which the thread is wound increases, the excentric also
allows the strap D to pass over the large diameter of the pulley B and over the
small diameter of the pulley C, whereby the speed of the latter is increased and
consequently also the rate of motion of the whole machine.
When beginning the cop, the spinning frame must keep its minimum speed
and must only increase its speed in proportion with the increasing of the base of
the cop. The pin R fixed on the worm wheel H' hinders the full travel of the
forks for this purpose.
This pin R is intermittently displaced independently of its alternate movement
under the action of the mechanism shown at Z' in Fig. 6 which represents part of
the ordinary cop building mechanism of the frame and is any suitable arrangement
for displacing the pin R for a fraction of a revolution at each oscillation.
The pin R thus at each stroke presses or leans less and less against the lever S
and so permits the band A to be moved further as the base of the cop is gradually
formed. When the base of the cop has reached its full diameter the pin R will
have moved so far that it no longer acts as a stop to the lever S, thus allowing the
forks which guide the strap to receive the whole extent of movement exerted by
the heart-shaped excentric K'.
If instead of varying the speed of the spinning frame, it is desired to vary the
resistance against the movement of the spindles by the use of the oil reservoir T,
omitting the forks E E', the mechanism is constructed in the following manner.
The reservoir T (Figs. 4 and 8) represents a canal trough through the bottom
of which all the spindles pass; this reservoir is consequently made of a length
corresponding to the spinning frame and rests upon the extremities of levers L
fixed on a shaft U. This shaft U runs parallel with the reservoir and rests upon
the same supports as the bar A and is consequently influenced by the same rising
and falling movement as the spindles. On the exterior end of the shaft U a
vertical lever N is provided, the upper end of which is connected by chain,
passing over the pulleys J and J' to the lever G.
Thus the chain transfers the oscillations of the lever G to the shaft U and to the
reservoir T. When the bar A descends the reservoir T falls quicker and to a
greater proportional extent than the bar and inversely, when the band rises again
the reservoir rises quicker than the bar owing to the drawing or pulling motion of
the chain.
To provide that the wings may always dip into the oil to a desired depth, the
pulley or running-sheave Jis mounted in a sliding-block with a screw adjusting
hand crank V, so that the attendant can at any moment give the desired tension
to the yarn by turning this regulator in the one or other direction, thereby
displacing the pulley J, lengthening or shortening the chain and consequently
causing the reservoir T to rise and fall more or less with regard to the wings on
the hollow spindle.
The lever S, which is pivoted in its extremity at t, carries a pulley J¹ and is
charged with a weight E'; when the base of the cop is finished, the lever S
remains at rest on a traverse bar of the spinning frame D (Fig. 8) but at the
beginning of forming a cop, pin R lifts this lever S and at the same time the
pulley J so that the chain is loosened and fails to lift the reservoir T.
In proportion as the base of the cop is being formed, the action of the pin R
decreases and the reservoir is lifted in conformity with the bar A until the pin R
no longer touches the lever S.
;-
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is ;-
In a bobbin and fly frame ;-
1) The construction or combination of the ring P with its eye or hook G at one
part and its swivel counterbalanced hook K at another part of its circumference.

page_text: 2) The combination of the stationary core B with the sleeve L mounted thereon
substantially as set forth.
3) The combination of a stationary core B, rotary sleeve L and weight SP,
substantially as described.
4) The combination of a stationary core B, rotary sleeve L and wings. V
substantially as described.
5) The combination with the ring P of a brake adapted to arrest the same by
friction.
6) A flexible spring, such as D, adapted to operate a retarding influence on
revolution of a cop or spindle proportional in amount to the diameter on which
the yarn is wound.
7) The combination with the spindle L, and wings V of the reservoir T
adapted to rise and fall for the greater or less immersion of the said wings in
liquid for the purpose set forth.
8) The combinations of parts, their construction, and arrangement substantially
as herein described whereby either with variable speed or with constant speed of
the machine, a uniform tension of yarn is obtained during winding.
Dated this 6th day of June 1893.
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents to Applicant.