or Improved Process and Apparatus for Increasing the Stability of Beer and other Liquids containing Carbonic Acid.
Year: 1896

page_text: Reprinted as amended in accordance with the decision of the Comptroller General,
dated the 15th day of September 1899.
Date of Application, 9th May, 1896-Accepted, 29th Aug., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
New or Improved Process and Apparatus for Increasing the
Stability of Beer and other Liquids containing Carbonic Acid.
I, HUGO GRONWALD, of 12, Neue Koenigstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany,
Apothecary, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The process for increasing the stability of beer, and other liquids containing
carbonic acid forming one-part-of this invention consists in driving out the air from
the heating boiler and from the apparatuses and receiving vessels or casks connected
therewith, in simultaneously sterilizing the apparatus, in replacing the air driven
out, with sterile carbonic acid in order to avoid a vacuum in the heating boiler and
other parts of the apparatus, in then driving out the air from the beer to be treated
and in then increasing the stability of the beer, and restoring it to its original con-
dition by heating and cooling it, and returning thereto the carbonic acid, and
alcoholic and aromatic ingredients driven out by the heating, by agitating or mixing
the beer inside the heating boiler.
In carrying out this invention the heating boiler together with the apparatus and
receiving vessels connected therewith, as also the beer to be increased in stability are
submitted when necessary to a preliminary treatment which consists in sterilizing
and freeing from air the said heating boiler and other apparatus and the receiving
vessels connected therewith, and, to avoid a vacuum, filling the same with sterile.
carbonic acid; then, when the beer to be treated, and which contains air, is introduced
into the heating boiler the air is removed therefrom by any suitable means, as for
example by forcing into the beer, or mixing therewith, the carbonic acid already.
contained in the boiler, and which is then under pressure, by means of the agitating
gear contained therein, and is driven off along with the surplus carbonic acid not
absorbed by the beer. When this is effected the treatment of the beer to increase its
stability is effected in the known manner by heating it to the required degree, then,
cooling it, and finally restoring to it the carbonic acid, and alcoholic and aromatic
ingredients driven out of it by the heating process, by agitating the beer in contact.
with such carbonic acid and other ingredients, inside the heating boiler.
The above described de-aeration is necessary in high fermented beers because they.
do not mature in stilling casks like low fermented beer, but run openly direct from
the fermenting vat into the receiving vessels in free contact with air whereby naturally.
air becomes mechanically mixed with the beer.
An The apparatus for carrying out the above described process is illustrated in the
accompanying sheet of drawings in which Figure 1 shows the heating boiler in
section, and the other apparatus connected therewith, such as the filter, collecting

page_text: vessel and receiving vessels arranged in line for the sake of clearness. Figures 2 to 4
show various detail views of a part of the apparatus.
The heating boiler A consists of a cylinder or chamber provided with a jacket a,
and with inlet and outlet pipes for carbonic acid, steam, and cooling liquid, as also
the requisite safety apparatus, such as safety valves and pressure gauges, and contains
an agitating or mixing apparatus b, which can be operated from outside by means
of a crank c for example.
An outlet pipe d leading from the bottom of the cylinder serves to conduct the
sterilizing steam into the filtering apparatus B, the collecting chamber C, and the
receiving vessels D, and also, after the sterilization and filling with carbonic acid
have been effected, for the conduction of the treated beer from the heating boiler A
to the other parts of the apparatus, which are all connected together as shown.
E is a cylinder provided with safety apparatus, such as a safety valve and pressure
gauge, and arranged behind the receiving vessels D, which cylinder serves to receive
the carbonic acid driven out of the filter apparatus B, the collecting chamber C and
receiving vessels D by the beer which has been treated, and which carbonic acid can
then be utilized again.
Figures 2, 3 and 4 show a bung or stopper by which the receiving vessels D can be.
connected with one another and with the collecting chamber C, so as to allow of the
driving out of the air, the simultaneous sterilization, and the substitution of sterile
carbonic acid for the air driven out, that is to say the preparatory treatment of the
whole of the receiving vessels connected with the apparatus, for the reception of the
treated beer, and finally the filling of the prepared receiving vessels with such beer
while the atmospheric air is excluded, in order to avoid reinfection.
The bung or stopper F is provided with an inlet passage e and an outlet passage f
leading to the next following receiving vessel; both passages being provided with
taps or valves el f whereby they can be opened and closed at pleasure."
When the receiving vessels are filled with beer the taps eft are closed, and the
pipes g, which are connected to the taps elf by screw couplings, are removed, and
each bung or stopper F is closed by a protecting screw cap, which can be secured
to the bung or stopper by means of a lead seal or otherwise.
The treatment of beer in the above described apparatus is effected as follows:-
Firstly. The entire apparatus is sterilized by admitting steam from any suitable
steam boiler into the heating boiler A, filter B, collecting chamber C, and receiving
vessels D.
Secondly. When the sterilization by steam is completed, the supply of steam is
shut off, and to prevent the vacuum that would be formed by the condensation of the
steam and which would tend to draw in air that would neutralize the sterilization
which has been effected, sterile carbonic acid is admitted from any suitable source
'nto the heating boiler A, filter B, collecting chamber C and receiving vessel D to
take the place of the steam.
Thirdly. The beer to be treated, and which contains air, is introduced into the
boiler A, and the air is removed therefrom by forcing into the beer the carbonic acid
already contained in the boiler, and which carbonic acid is then under pressure, by
means of the agitating gear b contained in the boiler, the air being driven off through
a suitable blow-off tap along with the surplus carbonic acid not absorbed by the
beer.
Fourthly. The beer in the heating boiler A is then heated to the required degree
by steam introduced into the jacket a to effect complete sterilization, whereby the
carbonic acid and alcoholic and aromatic ingredients are temporarily driven off under
pressure into the upper part of the boiler A.
Fifthly. The beer in the boiler A is then cooled by cold water introduced into the
jacket a and the carbonic acid and other ingredients are returned to the beer by
their own pressure assisted by agitation with the agitating apparatus b inside the
boiler, and
Sixthly. The beer thus increased in stability is let out of the boiler A through the
pipe d and passes through the filter B and collecting chamber C to the receiving

page_text: vessels D, driving before it the carbonic acid already in those vessels into the
cylinder E from which such carbonic acid can be afterwards withdrawn and utilized
again.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. A process for increasing the stability of beer which consists in driving the
air out of the heating boiler A, and the apparatuses B, C and receiving vessels D, in
simultaneously sterilizing the whole of the said apparatus and receiving vessels, in
substituting sterile carbonic acid for the air driven out, in order to prevent the forma-
tion of a vacuum, in then treating beer containing air in the apparatus so prepared,
by first removing the air from the said beer and blowing off the same along with the
surplus carbonic acid not taken up by the beer, and finally in effecting the increase
of stability and the restoration of the beer to its original condition by heating and
cooling it, and returning to it the carbonic acid and alcoholic and aromatic ingredients
which had been removed therefrom by the heating process, by agitation of the beer in
contact with such carbonic acid and other ingredients inside the heating boiler A,
substantially as described.
Second. For carrying out the process forming the subject matter-of the first
elaiming clause-hereof a heating boiler A, provided with means for heating and
cooling its contents, an inlet pipe-for-carbonic acid, and an agitating or mixing
apparatus b, whereby during the-heating and cooling of the beer-to-be increased-in
stability the same may-be-kept in continuous movement and-after the cooling of the
beer, the return-thereto of the carbonie neid and of the volatile-alcoholic and
aromatic-ingredients which have previously been driven out-therefrom by the heating
process is-facilitated, substantially as-described.
Third For the-preparatory-treatment of the-receiving-vessels-D, in accordance
with-the-process-forming-the-subject-of-the-first-claiming-clause-hereof-and-for-con-
dueting the treated--beer-while-atmospheric--air is excluded into-the-sterilized
receiving vessels-D-filled-with-sterile-carbonic acid, the--employment of a bung-or
stopper provided-with inlet and outlet-passages-c-and-f-furnished with taps--or
valves-e-fi, substantially as described.
Dated this 9th day of May 1890.
H. GRONWALD.
Per W. H. Beck,
Agent, 115, Cannon Street, London, E.C.