IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Fredrik Göransson, Engineer, of Stockholm in the
Kingdom of Sweden for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF IRON AND STEEL.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Fredrik Göransson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1882.
ERNST FREDRIK GÖRANSSON, Engineer, of Stockholm in the Kingdom of
Sweden "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
In the manufacture of iron and steel by the Bessemer process attempts have
been made to utilise hot blast in the converter, but this has been found to be
disadvantageous, as the density of the air is decreased by the heating, and con-
sequently the quantity of oxygen in the same volume of air becomes less.
According to the system at present prevailing, the air is applied in the state in
which it leaves the blowing engines. But owing to the strong compression to
which the air must be subjected in order to force it into the liquid iron in a short
space of time, and in sufficient quantity, it becomes heated, and this even to a con-
siderable degree. The consequence is that the quantity of oxygen conveyed into
the metal within the converter within a certain period is less than if the air were
cold, and accordingly the heat produced by the oxidation also less. But as good
working in the Bessemer converter principally depends upon an intense heat (the
more intense the better) being developed within a short time, and since this heat
naturally becomes greater the denser the air is, the desirability of an augmentation
of the density of the air after the heating occasioned by the compression in the
blowing engine, must be evident. The object of my invention is to attain such an
increase of the density of the air by cooling the blast on its way from the blowing
engine to the converter. This cooling can be brought about in different ways-
According to one method in which the cooling is effected by water a receptacle for
the cooling water is arranged in the blast pipe and is provided with a sufficient
number of narrow tubes for the passage of the blast through the cooler. The
cooling water is led into and out of the receptacle through pipes. The cooling can

page_text: be augmented by putting ice or any other cooling matter into the water. If water
in considerable quantity, exists in the vicinity the pipe system of the cooler can be
placed therein direct, without any covering, or the main pipe can be led through
water without any subdivision. The cooler may also be vertical and be closed all
round the narrow pipes in which case the cooling water acts more completely,
according to the counter-current principle.
By making a compressed and refrigerated gas (for instance air) pass into a
closed cooler, such as just described and allowing it to expand therein, it is possible
to attain a still more complete cooling, ie,-increase of the density of the blast.
By the compression of the air in the blowing engine, and by the subsequent
cooling the greater part of its moisture is condensed, which moisture may be let
out through pipes fitted with cocks.
The above described method of cooling the blast may also be applied to other
metallurgical processes in which compressed air is used.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ernst Fredrik Göransson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th March 1883.
ERNST FREDRIK GÖRANSSON Engineer, of Stockholm in the Kingdom of Sweden
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
"
In the manufacture of iron and steel by the Bessemer process attempts have
been made to utilize hot blast in the converter, but this has been found to be
disadvantageous, as the density of the air is decreased by the heating and con-
sequently the quantity of oxygen in the same volume of air becomes less.
According to the system at present prevailing, the air is applied in the state in
which it leaves the blowing engines, but owing to the strong compression to which
the air must be subjected in order to force it into the liquid iron in a short space
of time, and in sufficient quantity it becomes heated and this even to a considerable
degree. The consequence is that the quantity of oxygen conveyed into the metal,
within the converter, within a given period is less than if the air were cold and
accordingly the heat produced by the oxidation is also less.
But as good working in the Bessemer converter principally depends upon an
intense heat (the more intense the better) being developed within a short time,
and since this heat naturally becomes greater the denser the air is, the desirability
of an augmentation of the density of the air after the heating occasioned by the
compression in the blowing engine, must be evident. The object of my invention
is to attain such an increase of the density of the air by cooling the blast on its
way from the blowing engine to the converter.
This cooling can be effected in different ways. According to one method in
which the cooling is effected by water, and which is shewn by figures 1 and 2 of
the accompanying drawings in longitudinal section and cross section respectively, a
receptacle b for the cooling water is arranged in the blast pipe a and is provided
with a sufficient number of tubes c (of small diameter) for the passage of the blast
through the cooler. The cooling water is led into the receptacle through the
pipes & and can be allowed to escape at e.
The cooling can be augmented by putting ice or other cooling matter into tho
water. If a stream or considerable body of water be accessible the pipe system of
the cooler can be immersed therein without any covering or the main pipe can be
led through water without any subdivision. Figs. 3 and 4 shew in longitudinal
section and cross section cooling apparatus for the purpose of my invention
arranged vertically. In this case the cooler is closed all round the small pipes and
the cooling water acts more completely on the counter current principle.
By causing a compressed and refrigerated gas (for instance air) to pass into a
closed cooler such as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 and allowing it to expand therein, it is
possible to attain a still more complete cooling and consequent increase of density
of the blast. As a consequence of this cooling of the blast a reduction of motive
power for the blowing engine can be made and still have a good working in the
converter.
The above described method of cooling the blast may also be applied in
connection with other processes in which compressed air is used for the purposes
set forth.
Having described the nature of my said invention and the manner of performing

page_text: it what I claim as secured to me by the Letters Patent hereinabove in part
recited is =
In the manufacture of iron and steel when compressed air is used (as in the
Bessemer process) subjecting the blast to the action of a cooling medium on its
way from the blowing engine to the molten metal substantially as described.
In Witness whereof I the said Ernst Fredrik Göransson have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twelft day of February in the year of Our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty three
ERNST FREDRIK GÖRANSSON