Improvements in and relating to the Wheels of Cycles and other Road Vehicles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 11th July, 1893-Accepted, 12th Aug., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Wheels of Cycles and other
Road Vehicles.
I JOHN HENDERSON WILSON, of 13 High Street, West End, Kirkcaldy,
Fifeshire, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the mode and
means of securing the pneumatic or other elastic tube to the metallic rim of the
wheels of bicycles and tricycles by a seating of canvas and outer jacketing or
binding material, and having rings or bands of wires passed through loops in the
ends of the jacketing; and further in cementing a cord or cords annularly either
inside or outside the jacket material to form the treading surface, and in having
cords in the outer edges of the seating, close to the metal rim, the whole being
covered in by a protecting thickness of rubber or rubber cloth, the loose edges of
which are cemented to the jacketting on the inner side of the binding cords of the
seating. While the ends of the radial or spoke wires can be secured to the iron
rim and boss of the wheel as hereinafter described after the tire has been secured
on the rim.
In carrying these improvements into practice under one arrangement, the metal
rim is preferably formed of a flat outward curved shape and not semi-circular as in
the clincher tires, and a seating of canvas is formed by folding a broad band long
enough to pass round the whole circumference of the metal rim in three thicknesses
of broad strips and two thicknesses of narrower strips, plaited or other cords being
inserted in the outer looped parts of the narrower strips, so as to lie close to and
within the edges of the metal rim, and a row of stitching is sewn along the inner
side of the two cords through the five plies of cloth, and at the upper doubled
edges, and this band I term the seating and is cemented to the outer surface of the
metal tire. I fold up the two broad strips of this seating band inside the cord, and
insert and cement the outer edges of an outer jacket covering. This jacket
covering is formed of three thicknesses of canvas, doubled at the edges and of a
width sufficient to cover in the whole pneumatic or elastic tube tire, so that the
doubled edges will reach down to the lower edges of the seating containing and
enclosing the pneumatic tube. When the strengthening annular tread cords are to
be used, either one at the centre or two some little distance apart of it, these are
solutionized to the inner surface of the jacket, but it might be the outer surface,
preferably by being drawn through the jacket, and further secured by rows of
stitching to keep these cords in true parallel position. The jacket so formed is
then cemented at its ends to the proper circumferential length and stretched over a
pattern wheel the proper size of the inflated tire, and the edges of the jacket
pressed down and ironed on the pattern wheel. Wires would be inserted in the
loop edges of the jacket covering which would be cemented at the lower part to be
attached to the upper projecting and lapping edges of the seating after inserting
the pneumatic or elastic tubular tire. The ends of the jacket covering would be
overlapped to the extent of a few inches, and the ends of the hoop wires taken in
opposite directions through holes in the seating and in the metal rim, and be looped
and secured to screw hooks passed through hollow screw studs and nuts or screw
bushes secured to the exterior of the rim, so as to be tightened up and draw the
lower edges of the jacket covering close down to the canvas seating; these fittings
for tightening up the loop wires being fitted on the opposite side of the tube to
that where the brass tube for blowing up the tire is situated, so that these fittings
may balance each other on the wheel. The slack of the ends of the wires would

page_text: preferably be drawn up into the hooks or eyes of the tightening screws and doubled
over, and a metal ferrule slipped over these to secure the loop from slipping, and
have the end of the wire bent back for a short distance outside the ferrule to
retain it in position. An outer protecting covering of rubber or rubber cloth would
be solutionized on its inner surface, and pressed down over the jacket covering and
tread cords, and have its inner edges cut to the width to be solutionized on to the
jacket down close inside the binding cords of the seating at the outer edge of the
metal rim, or the metal rim may have a slight projecting part above the canvas
.seating, and so have the outer protecting covering secured between this and the
seating instead of the binding cords. The ends of the outer covering would he
spliced and cemented over each other and down to the jacket covering. The wire
spokes of the wheels are secured to the metal rim by screw nuts with long polygonal
necks and countersunk heads fitted into round and countersunk holes through the
metal rim, each inserted before solutionizing and fitting on the canvas rim seating.
Into each of these nuts a screw stem with hook or eye is inserted from the outside,
and the outer end of each wire spoke is bent through the hook or eye of this screw
stem and a light ferrule inserted over the loop of the wire to prevent it yielding,
and the end of the wire is bent up slightly to retain the ferrule in position. The
turning of these deep nuts by their polygonal necks tightens up each wire spoke to
make the rim truly concentric. The inner end of each spoke, may be similarly
secured to a screw stem and eye or hook screwed into the boss of the wheel, or the
end of the wire might be doubled through a single hole in the boss and bent up
parallel to itself in the form of a loop, and have a securing ferrule slipped over
this double part of the wire and loop, and be itself secured by bending up the free
end of the wire.
Dated the 10th October 1892.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Wheels of Cycles and other
Road Vehicles.
I, JOHN HENDERSON WILSON, of 13 High Street, West End, Kirkcaldy,
Fifeshire, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of my invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, that is to say :-
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the mode and
means of securing the pneumatic or other elastic tube to the metallic rim of the
wheels of bicycles and tricycles by a seating of canvas and outer jacketing or
binding material and having rings or bands of wires passed through loops in the
ends of the jacketing; and further in cementing a cord or cords annularly either
inside or outside the jacket material to form the treading surface, and in having
cords in the outer edges of the seating, close to the inetal rim, the whole being
covered in by a protecting thickness of rubber or cloth, the loose edges of which
are cemented to the jacketing on the inner side of the binding cords of the
seating. While the ends of the radial or spoke wires can be secured to the iron
rim and boss of the wheel as hereinafter described after the tire has been secured
on the rim.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended an
explanatory sheet of drawings, in which the same reference letters are used to
indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figure 1 is a detached view of the seating part, and Figure 2 a corresponding
view of the jacket part of a tyre as constructed in accordance with one arrangement
of my improvements.

page_text: folded into shape and secured.
and show the complete tyre with the parts shown in Figures 1 and 2
Figures 5 and 6 are views similar to Figures 1 and 2 showing a modified arrange-
ment of my improvements, and Figure 7 shows this made up into the complete
tyre.
Figure 8 is another view similar to Figures 1 and 2 showing another arrange-
ment of my improvements, and Figure 9 shows same made up into the complete
tyre.
Figures 9 to 13 show views of tyre fastening and securing devices hereinafter
referred to.
Referring to these drawings:-In carrying these improvements into practice
under one arrangement, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, the metal rim A is preferably
formed of a flat outward curved shape and not semi-circular as in the clincher
tires, and a seating of canvas is formed by folding a broad band long enough to
pass round the whole circumference of the metal rim in two thicknesses a of
broad strips and three thicknesses a¹ of narrower strips, plaited or other cords all
being inserted in the outer looped parts of the narrower strips a¹, so as to lie
close to and within the edges of the metal rim A and a row of stitching is sewn
along the inner side of the two cords through the five plies of cloth, and at the
upper doubled edges, as shown in dotted lines at a² and this band I term the
seating, and is cemented to the outer surface of the metal tire A.
I fold up
the two broad strips a, a, of this seating band inside the cord a", through the loop
ends a of which strengthening wires a are run and secured in the manner shown
in Figure 94, by a ferrule a being passed over the free ends of the wire and the
ends a bent over, thus making a complete hoop or ring when so secured, and I
insert and cement or secure the outer edges of an outer jacket covering. This
jacket covering is formed of three thicknesses of canvas 6 doubled at the edges and
of a width sufficient to cover in the whole pneumatic or elastic tube tire, so that the
doubled edges will reach down to the lower edges a, a, of the seating containing
and enclosing the pneumatic tube. When the strengthening annular tread cords
are to be used either one at the centre or two some little distance apart from it, as
shown at 6 in Figures 8 and 9 and 2 to 4 respectively, these are solutionized
to the inner surface of the jacket, but it might be the outer surface, preferably by
being drawn through the part 6 of jacket, as shown, and further secured by rows of
stitching to keep the cords 6" in true parallel position. The jacket b, b, so
formed is then cemented at its ends to the proper circumferential length and
stretched over a pattern wheel the proper size of the inflated tire, and the edges of
the jacket pressed down and ironed on the pattern wheel. Wires 6 would be
inserted in the loop edges 63 of the jacket covering which would be cemented at the
lower part to be attached to the upper projecting and lapping edges a a of the seating
after inserting the pneumatic or elastic tube tire, as shown in Figure 3. The ends
of the jacket covering would be over-lapped to the extent of a few inches, and
the ends of the wires 6, taken in opposite directions through holes d in the seating
and in the metal rim A, as shown in Figure 10 and in enlarged front and side
sectional view Figure 11, and be looped and secured to screw hooks d' passed
through hollow screw studs and nuts d² working in screw bushes d³ secured to the
exterior of the rim A, so as to tighten up and draw the lower edges 63 of the jacket
covering 6 close down to the canvas seating a; these fittings for tightening up the
loop wires 64, being fitted on the opposite side of the tube to that where the brass
tube for blowing up the tire is situated, as shown in Figure 10, so that these fittings
may balance each other on the wheel. Figure 12 shows the manner in which the
slack of the ends of the wires 64 would preferably be drawn up into the hooks or
eyes d' of the tightening screws d2 and doubled over. A metal ferrule 6" is slipped
over these to secure the loop from slipping, and the ends 66 of the wire is bent back
for a short distance outside the ferrule to retain it in position. An outer protecting
covering of rubber or rubber cloth c would be solutionized on its inner surface, and

page_text: pressed down over the jacket covering 6 and tread cords, and have its inner edges
cut to the width to be solutionized on to the jacket 6 down close inside the binding
cords of the seating a at the outer edge of the metal rim A or the metal rim
may have a slight projecting part A.', as shown particularly in Figure 7, projecting
above the canvas seating, and so have the outer protecting covering e secured
between this and the seating a instead of between the binding cords all and the
jacket covering as in the other figures. The ends of the outer covering e would
be spliced and cemented over each other, and down to the jacket covering b.
Figure 13 shows a method by which the wire spokes e of the wheels are secured to
the metal rim A by screw nuts el with long polygonal necks and countersunk heads
fitted into round and countersunk holes through the metal rim A, each inserted
before solutionizing and fitting on the canvas rim seating. Into each of these
nuts e¹ a screw stem e³ with a hook or eye et is inserted from the outside, and the
outer end of each wire spoke e is bent through the hook or eye e¹ of this screw
stem and a light ferrule e inserted over the loop of the wire spoke e to prevent
it yielding, and the end of the wire is bent up slightly at e to retain the ferrule in
position. The turning of these deep nuts by their polygonal necks e¹ tightens up
each wire spoke e to make the rim A truly concentric. The inner end of each
spoke e may be similarly secured to a screw stem and eye or hook screwed into the
boss of the wheel, or the end of the wire e might be inserted through a single
hole in the boss, and bent up parallel to itself in the form of a loop and have
a securing ferrule e slipped over this double part of the wire e and loop, and
be itself secured by bending down the free end e of the wire at e, as shown in
Figure 13.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 5 and 6 the seating part a¹, a, is formed
substantially the same as in Figures 1 and 2, only one of the flap parts a say on
the right hand side is prolonged, and the jacket part b, Figure 6, is attached to
the part a on the left hand of Figure 5 by india rubber or other cement, the
body part of this jacket being also stiffened by a fish glue compound cement;
and the parts are then folded up into a tyre as shown in Figure 7. In the arrange-
ment shown in Figures 8 and 9 the seating a al is formed substantially the same as
in the other figures, and the jacket part is formed by extending the breadth of
same on each side to form flaps b₁ b. The flap 61 is coated with a cement made
from a mixture of starch, fish glue and French clay on its upper surface and
sprinkled over with cork dust or cotton wool (as an additional precaution
against puncture) and the flap 61 is then folded over the pneumatic tube B and
the other flap in turn folded over the flap to form a jacket covering over
the pneumatic tube B for the cementing to it of the outer covering c, as shown in
Figure 9.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. The herein described method of covering and protecting the pneumatic
or elastic tubes of cycles and other road vehicles by seating and jacketting
material, substantially as set forth.
Second. The construction of the wheels of cycles and other road vehicles with the
combination of a seating and jacketting part to enclose and secure the pneumatic or
other elastic tubes, substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in
the accompanying drawings.
Third. The constructing of the wheels of cycles and other road vehicles
with seating and jacketting material round the pneumatic or elastic tube com-
bined with the cords and means for tightening up and securing same to the
metal rim, substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In cycles and other road vehicles, the herein described mode and

page_text: appliances for securing the ends of the wire or metal spokes to the rim and boss
respectively of the wheels; substantially as herein described in reference to and
shown in the accompanying drawings.
Deted the 10th Jul 1893
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.