matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHES FOR THE BUNG HOLES OF CASKS AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
February 1871.
I, PETER WILSON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid' Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHES FOR THE BUNG HOLES OF CASKS AND IN THE
MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in metallic bushes
for the bung holes of casks, whereby certain deficiencies or disad-
vantages resulting from the use of metallic bushes as hitherto adopted
are removed.
It has hitherto been the practice to form such bushes with a flanch
which overlaps the stave of the cask on its outer side, and it has been
found in practice that when casks are rolled from place to place the
bush becomes loosened owing to the impact on the flanch when the
cask in being rolled strikes on the ground, and leakage is the result.
Under the present Invention the bushes are formed without flanches.
In bushes as hitherto constructed to screw into the stave of a cask the

page_text: bush has been tapered at the exterior, but under the present Invention
the bush is parallel at the exterior, that is to say, the screw thread is
of equal diameter throughout the length or depth of the bush, and is
provided with spaces or cross cuts at two or more points in its circum-
ference which constitute cutting edges, so that the bush can cut a screw
thread corresponding to its own thread in the hole in the stave of the
cask, and when screwed in either flush with or slightly below the surface
of the staves it does not become loosened or admit of leakage in the
manner herein-before set forth with reference to flanched bushes, by this
means also the use of whitelead or other fixing material is rendered
unnecessary.
The means employed for screwing the bushes into the staves, which
constitutes the second part of this Invention, consists under one modi-
fication of an instrument composed of a pair of duplex levers hinged
together after the manner of smiths' tongs, and one end of each of the
said levers is provided with a stud or pin, which applied to the inside of
the bush enters a hole therein so as to fix the bush firmly upon the
levers, and when in this position the levers are turned round together
with the bush and the latter is screwed into the hole in the stave.
Another instrument, and one which it is preferred to use in lieu of
that herein-before described, consists of a lever having a shaft at right
angles thereto at its central part, the lower part of the shaft being made
oval or elliptical, this portion is surrounded with a toothed bush formed
in two halves, and the hole in the centre of which is also oval or
elliptical, therefore when the shaft is turned in either a right or left
hand direction it is caused to press against the narrower parts of the
hole in the two halves of the bush, and therefore expands it until it fills
tightly into the bush to be inserted in the cask.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS AND CHAIRS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Buxton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1871.
I, GEORGE BUXTON, of Earlestown, in Newton-le-Willows, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS AND CHAIRS FOR RAILWAYS," to
be as follows :—
The first part of my Invention consists in making rails for railways
hollow instead of solid as now practiced. The external section may be
of any form usually adopted, and the hollowing effected by rolling
with a mandril or by other means now adopted for producing other
tubular articles of metal.
Secondly. I propose to construct the chair in two parts, one of which
has a wedge-formed part sliding in a similarly formed slot or groove.
By these means the rail is fastened and the moveable part of the chair
is kept in position by pins or keys. The rail bears upon the upper parts
of the chair instead of upon the lower part thereof.
AN IMPROVED BALL VALVE OR TAP FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF LIQUIDS, WATER, STEAM, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Beasley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1871.
I, JOHN WILLIAM BEASLEY, of Greyhound Cottage, Lea Bridge
Road, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BALL VALVE OR TAP FOR REGULATING THE
SUPPLY OF LIQUIDS, WATER, STEAM, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
―
I form a vessel or vessels of any suitable shape or form in one or
several pieces, as shewn in Drawings Figs. No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. B is
the bottom or under side of the vessel with an opening H to allow the
fluid or fluids to pass; E is the valve or slide with an aperture O for the
admission of the end of the rod or lever F, the two surfaces D and C are
turned or ground perfectly smooth and air-tight, and made of any
suitable metal; when action is given to the ball or float M it will cause
the valve or slide to move in backward and forward directions, the
rod or lever being secured to the under side of the vessel B with a pin
or screw Z, so that when the ball or float falls it will cause the valve
or slide to remove backward and allow the water or liquid to pass
through the opening H and L into the tank or cistern, and when the

page_text: ball or float rises it will cause the valve or slide E to close over the
opening H; A is the top or cover with an opening I for the admission
of the liquids, and made with a flange K, so as to be secured to the
corresponding part B. The principal feature of my Invention is that
it will stand any amount of ordinary pressure without leaking, and from 5
its simplicity it will not get out of order as I give action to the valve
independant to the pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN CONNECTION WITH INFANTS' FEEDING BOTTLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brooks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
December 1871.
I, HENRY BROOKS, of No. 31, Cumberland Market, Regent's Park,
and No. 138, Hampstead Road, both in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN CONNECTION WITH INFANTS' FEEDING
BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
Infants' feeding bottles are generally provided with a length of tubing
of flexible india-rubber for the purpose of conducting the milk or other
feeding matter from the neck of the bottle to the artificial teat, and the
end of the length of tubing next the artificial teat and that teat are
connected together by a union or connecting piece; and these parts are
also provided with a separate guard or shield to prevent the infant from
drawing too much of the teat and parts connected thereto into the
mouth. The guard or shield as thus used is formed separately of ivory,
bonc, and of other materials, and is liable to be mislaid or lost.

page_text: The object of the Invention is to form this guard or shield with the
union or means for connecting together the end of the flexible tube and
the artificial teat in one piece, using glass or porcelain by preference for
the purpose. In thus forming these parts in glass or porcelain and in
one piece the mould is formed internally of the desired figure to receive
the molten or plastic substance, and the hole through it is obtained by
piercing whilst in a molten or plastic state.
In forming them of tin or other soft metal they may be produced by
casting or by puncturing or pressure in dies, as when producing metal
capsules.
If desired the part forming the guard or shield may be covered with
a thin film of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other suitable material.
Also if desired an india-rubber band may be employed to pass over the
neck of the artificial teat and that part of the union or connecting
piece formed to receive it to aid in more securely holding the artificial
teat in its place.
By these means simplicity in the arrangement and economy in the
construation of these parts are obtained.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURELY FIXING THE UPRIGHTS FOR FENCING, GATE POSTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bayliss at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1871.
I, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, of
3 Monmore Green, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Fence
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURELY FIXING THE UPRIGHTS FOR FENCING, GATE
POSTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making a block or plate (of cast iron by
preference) of any suitable form, and having through it a hole or holes
which I usually make at or near the centre of such size and shape as
to allow of its sliding along an upright for fencing or other like upright
for any required distance either from the upper or lower extremity of
such upright as may be required. In fixing the said upright it is either
driven into the earth first and the said block or plate is slid down to a
few inches or other suitable distance beneath the surface of the ground,
or the said block or plate is placed thus beneath the surface of the ground,
and the upright driven through the hole or holes therein to the required

page_text: depth. The said block or plate is then fixed firmly to the said upright
by a key or wedge, or more than one, or by any suitable method of
fixture. Earth is then rammed around and over the said block or plate,
and the upright becomes securely fixed. By this method of fixture the
lower end or ends of the upright may be plain, thus rendering its con-
struction more simple, as the block or plate from its large area in
contact with the earth prevents lateral movement of the said upright.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR SKINNING POTATOES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Marsh at the Office of
the 22nd
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
November 1871.
I, RICHARD MARSH, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR SKINNING
POTATOES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
the construction and arrangement of the parts of the said machines or
apparatus.
The cleaning of the potatoes is effected by two circular brushes facing
one another, between which the potatoes are placed, the said brushes
being made to rotate in opposite directions. The said brushes are
contained in a tub or vessel partly filled with water and of somewhat
larger diameter than the said brushes. A double shaft is situated in the
axis of the said tub or vessel, and through the said double shaft motion

page_text: the potatoes is removed. The brushes having been brought to rest the
upper one is raised from and supported above the tub, and the cleaned
potatoes removed, and a second layer of potatoes is introduced into the
machine and operated upon in the manner described.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES FOR GAS, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Clause at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1871.
I, HECTOR CLAUSE, of Rue de Bretagne, Paris, temporarily resident at
Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Watch and Olock Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES FOR GAS, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a means of keeping the plugs of gas, water,
and other taps tight upon their seats to prevent escape or leakage
through the same by reason of wear of the parts by usage.
The Invention consists in arranging one or more springs on or to the
lower or other part of the plugs, which spring or springs abut against
the body of the tap and keep the plug down upon or against the seating
under all conditions of wear. For example, I take a coil of wire and fit
it over the screw pin at the narrow end of the plug; one end of the coil
presses against the head of the pin and the other against the body of
the tap, the spring is preferably enclosed in a ferrule or socket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Simpson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
September 1871.
I, THOMAS SIMPSON, of Norton Folgate, in the County of Middlesex,
Brush Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES," to be as follows
My Invention consists in an improved manufacture of brushes in such
manner that where three or other number of brushes are required to
effect a single operation, as in boot and shoe cleaning, I combine the
three brushes in one, and thus the article is rendered far lighter and
more portable for the use of travellers, soldiers, and others, where a
saving of weight and space is highly important, as well as reducing the
I
first cost of production. In carrying out my Invention practically,
take two backboards such as are ordinarily employed in the manufac-
ture of shoe brushes; one of these boards is drilled with holes arranged
in lines over its surface in the same manner as an ordinary shining brush
backboard would be prepared. The board thus prepared is filled with
hair in the usual manner. The second board is drilled with holes at each

page_text: end of the board to an extent of about one-fourth of its length, but the
extent of surface thus prepared for the reception of the hair depends
partly upon the length of the brush and the purpose for which it is
intended, always however leaving sufficient space for the hand between
the parts for the receiption of the hair. In the example given of shoe
brushes one end of the board is filled with long hair suitable for applying
the blacking to the boot or shoe whilst the other is filled with stiff or
coarse bristles such as are usually employed in the manufacture of "hard
brushes." The two boards are then fastened together by means of glue
in the usual manner. In this way a compound or triplicate brush is
formed, not occupying a greater space or being of greater weight than a
single brush, whilst it fulfils the purpose of the hard brush for removing
dirt or mud splashes, the blacking brush for distributing blacking on
boots, shoes, or harness, and the shining brush for polishing the same.
In this way brushes may be conjoined for other purposes in the arts as
well as for domestic uses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OILERS AND OIL CANS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1871.
.
I, JOSEPH WHITE, of 15, Trinity Street, London, S.E., Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OILERS AND OIL CANS," to be as follows:-
In ordinary pyramid or conical-shaped oilers, and others constructed
on a similar principle, it is necessary to use external pressure on some
flexible part of the metal can in order to eject the oil by contracting the
space within the can, the flexible part of the can on being released from
such pressure regains its former position drawing into the can or oiler a
superabundance of air, which latter again escaping carries with it a
considerable quantity of oil, which is thus wasted. The body of the can
I make, by preference, of tin, and conical shape, having one outlet at the
top of the cone, into the latter I insert a metal screwed collar, into
which is screwed a tubular nozzle or spout. Inside of the said nozzle
I form a cup for the purpose of receiving a spherical head or plug fixed
on the upper end of a metal rod, thus making an air-tight ball and socket
or similar joint, the said metal rod being sufficiently long to reach the

page_text: bottom of the can. Around the rod I place a spiral spring the upper
end of which is fixed to the lower end of the nozzle, and at the lower
end of the spiral spring I affix a metal plate in order to secure thereto
the lower end of the metal rod in such a manner that when the flexible
bottom of the can is externally pressed it will force the rod upwards and
raise the spherical head or plug from the cup in nozzle, thus ejecting the
oil, and immediately the external pressure ceases the spiral spring will
carry the rod back to its former position, thus bringing the spherical
head or plug into the cup and preventing any oil escaping excepting
when the flexible bottom of can is pressed as required.
A NEW SELF- ESCAPEMENT HOPPER TO PREVENT BLOCKING IN THE UPRIGHT PLAIN ACTION PIANO- FORTE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Norminton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th July 1871.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT NORMINTON, of Number 45, Paddington Street,
Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex, Pianoforte Manufacturer,
the sole surviving Partner in the Firm of Nutting and Norminton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW SELF-
ESCAPEMENT HOPPER TO PREVENT BLOCKING IN THE UPRIGHT PLAIN ACTION PIANO-
FORTE," to be as follows:-
This self-escapement hopper is so constructed that by means of an
escapement lever fixed between the back and the fly of the hopper,
and pressing against a button regulated by a screw pin passing through
the upper part of the fly, the arm of the escapement lever working
through a slot at the bottom of the fly, and coming in contact with
a regulating button fixed in a rail in front of the hoppers, so that
when the key of the pianoforte is struck it causes the fly of the
hopper to escape from under the sticker lever, thus rendering blocking
impossible.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR ENABLING HEAVY GUNS TO BE READILY MOVED IN FORTRESSES OR OTHER PLACES WHERE REQUIRED
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horace Alfred Vernon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1871.
I, HORACE ALPRED VERNON, of Tilbury Fort, in the County of
Essex, Corporal in the Royal Artillery, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR ENABLING
HEAVY GUNS TO BE READILY MOVED IN FORTRESSES OR OTHER PLACES WHERE
REQUIRED,” to be as follows:-
-
'
This Invention relates to improved means and apparatus for enabling
heavy guns to be readily moved in fortresses or other places where
required, in an easier and more expeditious manner than hitherto.
The method hitherto in use consisted either in dragging, rolling over,
or mounting the guns upon cumbersome sling waggons, or otherwise
making use of any available means in order to move the guns to that
part of a fortress or similar structure, or other place of action where
most required.

page_text: This Invention consists essentially in mounting the gun upon three
readily removable wheels, two of which, revolve round brass friction
bands suitably fastened around the trunnions; the use of these bands is
to prevent the trunnions themselves from receiving any injury from the
friction of the internal barrel of the wheels. The third wheel consists 5
of a steering wheel, and is mounted in a forked swivel secured to the
cascable of the gun, and also capable of being readily detached. This
wheel is suitably attached to a steering handle so that the gun can be
readily guided wherever required. The distance between the outside of
the two trunnion or bearing wheels is such that it does not exceed the 1
distance between the extremes of the trunnions, so that the gun so
mounted can be moved wheresoever the gun with its trunnions alone,
could go. The wheels are prevented from slipping off the trunnion
brasses by pins, and are prevented from abrading the shoulders of the
trunnions or the sides of the gun by thin metal plates or rims placed on 1
the trunnions, each between one friction band and the shoulder of its
trunnion. The swivel wheel is held in proper position so as to support
the breech end of the gun by having a chain attached thereto and passed
to and fastened round the "tonkin " at the muzzle.
It may here be mentioned that the same wheels are capable of being 2
used for heavy guns of different calibres, the only alteration in the
means above described being in the internal diameter of the trunnion
brasses, which must be made to nicely fit the trunnions of the gun to
which they are applied.
It must be distinctly understood that the bearing wheels, the steering 2
wheel, and all additional parts connected with either, are capable of
being quickly applied and removed in order that the gun may be moved
from one carriage, and be conveyed to and mounted upon another
carriage if requisite in a very short space of time, and so be readily
brought into action when and where most required.
3
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stanger Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1871.
I, WILLIAM STANGER SMITH, of Ryde, Isle of Wight, Locomotive
Superintendent of the Isle of Wight Railway, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE AND OTHER
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
:-
Heretofore in portable engines where a horizontal boiler has been
employed, and where the cylinders of the engine have been mounted
horizontally above the top of the boiler, the cylinders and cross head
guides have been fixed to brackets rivetted or bolted to the skin of the
boiler. The bearings for the crank shaft have also been similarly fixed
to the boiler, and consequently the varying strains which arise during the
working of the engine have come upon the shell of the boiler itself.
According to my Invention I carry the cylinders and crank shaft
bearing upon a frame composed mainly of two parallel metal plates,
the crank shaft bearings being carried at one end of the plates, and the
steam cylinders at the opposite end. These plates are at one end rigidly

page_text: bolted or rivetted to bracket plates fixed to the shell of the boiler, and at
their opposite end they are likewise secured by bolts to brackets standing
up from the boiler, and these bolts are passed through slots either in the
plates forming the frame of the engine, or in the brackets to allow of
expansion or contraction in the boiler.
By thus constructing a portable engine not only will the shell of the
boiler be relieved from the strains to which it was heretofore subjected
by the working of the engine, but the engine can also be entirely
separated from the boiler, and removed if necessary for repairs.
Traction engines or stationary engines may be constructed in a similar :
manner. Pumping engines may also be similarly constructed, the
pump cylinder or cylinders being carried at one end of the frame plates,
and the steam engine cylinders at the opposite end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Price Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th May 1871.
I, RICHARD PRICE WILLIAMS, of No. 9, Great George Street, West-
minster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the permanent way
of railways. For this purpose I employ transverse wrought-iron sleepers
of a U section or of any suitable trough section with flanges along its
top edges. The rail I employ is similar to the ordinary contractor's rail
with a flat base, and this base is fastened to the flanges of the sleepers
by bolts and nuts, the stems of the bolts being passed through holes
bored through both of them. Between the base of the rail and the
flanges of the sleepers is placed a thin strip of elastic material, by pre-
ference vulcanized india-rubber, but it might be of wood or other
material, and holes are formed through the strip of elastic material for
the bolts to be passed through. When india-rubber is used it may be
attached by what is known as Storne's process to the flanges of the

page_text: sleepers or to a thin plate of metal of the size required for each packing
piece, or mere strips of vulcanized india-rubber may be employed. By
thus interposing elastic material between the base of the rail and the
flanges of the sleepers all jarring and rattling between the rail and
sleepers is prevented and the nuts of the screw bolts which connect
them together are less liable to become loose. The sleepers rest in the
ballast in the ordinary manner and are by preference also filled internally
with ballast. The fish joints for connecting the rails end to end are
arranged to be over the gaps or hollows in the U shaped sleepers, and
thus I am enabled to obtain a suspended fish joint with a very short
bearing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING ROADS, STREETS, CAUSEWAYS, TRAMWAYS, PATHS, AND ALSO PAVEMENTS FOR YARDS, COURTS, AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1871.
I, WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Duke Street, in the City of Westminster,
Asphalte Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING ROADS, STREETS, CAUSEWAYS, TRAMWAYS,
PATHS, AND ALSO PAVEMENTS FOR YARDS, COURTS, AND OTHER PLACES," to be as
follows:-
:-
In carrying out my Invention good hard stones, broken as if for
Macadamized roads, are laid down as an under layer or foundation, then
melted bituminous substance, such as tar, pitch, or asphalte, or a
mixture thereof, either with or without the addition of carthy matter,
such as lime and sand, is poured over the broken stones in order to
consolidate the mass and form a good foundation. After the first layer
is sufficiently set and hard, broken stones (but smaller than those used
for the first layer) are spread over the space already covered, and a
further quantity of melted bituminous substance is poured over them
as before, and, if desirable, a third layer of still smaller stones may he

page_text: spread, but this is not necessary except for very fine work. In order to
give the surface a finish and improve its appearance finely broken and
sifted grit, such as marble chippings, spar, furnace slags, or fine hoggin,
or such like substances, aro strewn over it, and while the surface is still
plastic the whole is well rolled in and reduced to a smooth surface. If i
preferred the broken stone or hoggin may be dipped in the liquid
bituminous substance before being placed on the road or way, and may
be levelled thercon in any convenient manner, and, if desired, lime, sand,
cement, or other substances may be mixed with the bitumen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR TUBES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Meiter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th April 1871.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM MEITER, of S5, Gracechurch Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR TUBES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making cigar tubes of an elastic material,
such as vulcanized india-rubber for example, instead of making the said
tube of a rigid substance, such as meerchaum, as now practised, or the
elastic material may be used in combination with the meerchaum or
other rigid substance of which the cigar tube is made; the object and
intention of this Invention being to render the operation of smoking
cigars more agreeable to the smoker by preventing the accumulation of
oil from the tobacco in his mouth, and also the softening and macerating
of that end of the cigar that is in his mouth; and this I propose to
effect by the following means, that is to say :-To that end of an ordinary
cigar tube which is intended to receive the cigar I adapt a short tube
or cone of vulcanized india-rubber either to the inside or the outside of
the said tube, so that the cigar being held by the clastic material is not

page_text: crushed and fits air-tight in the tube without having to forcibly press
the cigar into the tube, as heretofore practised. Or instead of fitting
the aforesaid elastic tube or cone to the cigar tube as above stated the
tube or cone may be wholly of elastic material, in which case it would
fit entirely over the end of the cigar and be held between the teeth of 5
the smoker.
AN IMPROVED SELF-REGISTERING AND INDICATING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CRANES, LIFTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1871.
I, JULIUS HALL, of 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SELF-REGISTERING AND INDICATING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CRANES,
LIFTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the registration and indicating by self-
acting means of the number of bales, sacks, or other goods or articles
that may be raised or lowered by cranes or other like means.
In place of the round iron ball usually fixed over the hook on the
crane chain I place a square, round, or other shaped box or case made of
iron or other suitable metal or substance. Inside this box or case is a
smaller case containing a series of three or more ratchet wheels, on each
wheel ten ratchets numbered consecutively and one projecting tooth to
each wheel; an upright rod passing through the box and connected to a
powerful spring contained in the latter is attached at the top end to the

page_text: crane chain at the bottom to the chain hook. When the goods are
attached to this hook one tooth or ratchet of the right hand or unit
wheel is moved, and on the revolution of the wheel being completed the
projecting tooth comes in contact with and moves the second wheel
which revolves in like manner and serves to denote the tens. This
second wheel after its revolution actuates the third wheel (denoting the
hundreds) in like manner, and so on.
By means of apertures in the inner case and a glass front in the outer
one the revolving and indicating numbers are seen from the front, and
thus the quantity of goods warehoused or discharged is ascertained.
It is obvious that the numbers may be so arranged as to indicate tons
or parts of tons of coals or other articles being laden or unladen in docks
or other places.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CHLORINE
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Weldon, of 29, The Cedars, Putney, in
the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CHLORINE."
Sealed the 16th February 1872, and dated the 18th August 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Weldon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th August 1871.
I, WALTER WELDON, of 29, The Cedars, Putney, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CHLORINE," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in passing a mixture of hydrochloric acid gas
and atmospheric air through apparatus packed with either platinized
asbestos or any porous or other material which has been rendered
catalytic by having precipitated upon it metallic platinum in the
state known as “platinum black.”
Before entering the said apparatus, the mixture of hydrochloric acid

page_text: not sufficiently heated, it will be necessary to heat the decomposing
apparatus.
Instead of packing that apparatus with platinized asbestos, platinized
burnt clay, platinized charcoal, platinized pumice stone, or other such
body, either platinum black or platinum sponge may themselves be 5
used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Walter Weldon in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 16th February 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WALTER 1
WELDON, of 29, The Cedars, Putney, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing dato the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty- 1
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Walter Weldon, Her special licence that I,
the said Walter Weldon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, tho said Walter Weldon, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFAC-
TURING CHLORINE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said :
Walter Weldon, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
· particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter Weldon, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the same is to be
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKE APPARATUS FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Delabere Pritchett Blaine at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th September 1871.
I, DELABERE PRITCHETT BLAINE, of 2, Suffolk Lane, Cannon Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKE APPARATUS FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER
WHEELED VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in brake apparatus for
carriages and other wheeled vehicles. For this purpose I apply a
friction strap around the naves of the wheels. One end of the friction
strap is attached to a rod carried by short arms from the axle. This rod
also forms the fulcrum of a lever frame, to which the opposite end of the
friction straps are attached. The axle has also attached to it a spring,
which is also connected to the lever frame, and by this spring the lever
frame is held up and the brake kept off. The outer end of the lever

page_text: frame is connected by a link to a foot board. When the foot board is
depressed the lever frame is turned downwards with it and the friction
straps are caused to bind around the naves of the wheels.
Brake apparatus such as above described is applicable for two-wheeled
vehicles as well as for other wheeled vehicles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT CLASS OF INSTRUMENTS CALLED AMERICAN ORGANS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leyster Courtice and
Frank Webb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th March 1871.
We, JAMES LEYSTER COURTICE, of No. 22, College Street West,
Camden Town, and FRANK WEBB, of No. 93, Caledonian Road, both
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT CLASS OF INSTRUMENTS CALLED AMERICAN
ORGANS," to be as follows:
-
The improvements relate to means by which the coupling of octave
notes is effected.
In carrying our improvements into effect the pallets are placed above
the wind passages to the reeds, and the stems or projections thereof are
continued in position so that each may be acted upon by one end of
a separate lever, the opposite end of which is in position to be capable
of being acted upon by a button or stud from the under side of the
front end of a key or by a plunger operated by a key. The series of
coupling levers is carried by axes from a moveable bar operated by
a stop so as to bring the one end of each of these coupling levers in

page_text: position to be acted upon by the buttons, or studs, or plungers of any
of the keys when they are depressed for playing or to be missed thereby
as may be desired. By these means when operating on one key to
open the pallet thereto the pallet of the octave thereof may be simul-
taneously opened with but little of any appreciable difference in the
weight on the touch. Leather, felt, or other suitable material is applied
as usual between the operating parts to prevent sound in action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR CHAINS, GUARDS, BRACELETS, OR OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES, OR FOR CLOTHING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Allanson and John
Pearson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th August 1871.
We, WILLIAM ALLANSON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Clerk, and JOHN PEARSON, of the same Place, Clerk, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR
CHAINS, GUARDS, BRACELETS, OR OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES, OR FOR CLOTHING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a fastening of such construction as to be
impossible to come unfastened without the will and assistance of the
wearer.
It consists of a case suited in shape to the article desired to fix, in
this case is a shouldered pin, at each end of which is made a loop or eye,
on to this pin is a spiral spring confined in the aforesaid case by ends
firmly fixed in such case, thus the spring is confined between the
shoulder on the aforesaid pin and one end of the case; in each end of
this case is a hole through which the ends of the shouldered pin pass.
The end of the pin nearest the shoulder while at rest projects out of the

page_text: Thus
end of the case and is kept there by the outer pressure of the spring,
the other end of such pin is with its eye or loop inside the case.
one end of the article it is desired to connect and fasten is secured to the
eye or loop out of the case, it is then pushed into such case, acting on
the spring in the case, the other end of such pin comes out of the other
end of the case, and to the eye or loop on such is secured by a small
hook or other equivalent the other end of the article; the spring then
forces the shouldered pin back and draws such hook or other equivalent
into the before-mentioned case; thus preventing the possibility of its
coming unfastened of itself.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF SMOKE CONSUMING APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kent at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
March 1871.
I, GEORGE KENT, of Buckland, in the County of Hants, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT
OF SMOKE CONSUMING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement for introducing heated
air into the flame generated in the fireplaces of steam boilers for the
purpose of preventing the formation of smoke or effecting its combustion
when formed.
Supposing the Invention to be applied to a marine tubular boiler,
I connect air tubes with the front flue plate and lead them through
the boiler tubes or water space and through the smoke box.or back flue
to a hollow bridge at the back of the fireplace, the tubes entering the
bridge near the level of the fire bars. Near the top of the bridge
and at the back side thereof are openings in connection with the central
space of the fire bridge for the purpose of allowing the air to escape
and commingle with the gaseous products of combustion. The ends
of the tubes connected with the front flue plate are open to the

page_text: atmosphere, and air admitted to these tubes will be gradually heated
first by the hot gases or water surrounding the tubes and then by
the hot gases of combustion in the smoke box or back flue, so that
when it enters the bridge the air will be highly heated. The discharge
of this air into the combustible gases as they pass the bridge will 5
add great intensity to the flame, and thus ensure the ignition of any
floating particles of carbon which may be carried over by the flame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTH FOR NAIL BAGS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
October 1871.
I, GEORGE WALKER, of Newtownards, in the County of Down, in
Ireland, Flax Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTH FOR
NAIL BAGS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Instead of using a mixture of flax waste and hay for the weft of the
material known by the name of "nail bagging" and other similar coarse
cloths, I employ hay or straw only, or a mixture of hay and straw only
(specially selected for the purpose), for the weft of such material, the
hay or straw, or hay and straw, having been previously spun into a rope
by the ordinary method of spinning rope for such purposes.
The
material hitherto in use for "nail bagging" has been liable to bursting
from the weight of the nails, but the superior strength of my fabric will
prevent such bursting, and by this means the nail-making trade will be
freed from much loss and annoyance to which they are now exposed,
owing to claims from customers for compensation in consequence of the

page_text: bursting of the bags during their transit. The material produced by me
is much stronger, considerably cheaper, from 5 to 10 per cent. lighter,
and bears the wear and tear of transit far better than any hitherto
produced for the same purposes.
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR BINDING AND SECURING PAPERS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: -
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th June 1871.-A communication from abroad by Elisha Dyer, of
Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR BINDING AND
SECURING PAPERS AND OTHER ARTICLES,” a communication, to be as follows :-
The said Invention relates to a binder or fastener which is chiefly
designed for binding and securing together legal documents, sheets of
music, and other papers, but which may also be used as a fastener for
stays and other articles of dress, and for other like purposes.
The said device as used for binding papers consists of two metal strips
with holes in each end, and an elastic cord with metal tags, the said
strips being formed by stamping with a groove, in which the said cord
will lie when stretched by passing the tags through the holes; the said
tags are connected to the cord at about their centre, so that when passed
through the holes they will lio at a right angle to the cord or across the

page_text: hole. The two metal strips are designed to be placed opposite each
other on the sheets to be bound together, and holes are to be punched
in the said sheets corresponding with those in the strips; the tags are
then to be passed through these holes from one side of the fastening,
and turned across the strip on the other side. The said tags will pass
easily through the said holes endwise, but being attached to the cord at
their central portion they will not be drawn accidentally out of the said
holes, as they will lie across the same after the manner of a T-piece.
The elastic cord must be of such a length as will allow it to stretch
conveniently to the required extent, and its tension must be sufficient :
to ensure the close compression of the strips with the sheets between
them. The said strips are convenient for ordinary uses when made
about four inches long, but it is obvious that they may be of any desired
length. When used for other purposes than the securing of papers the
strips may be made much shorter, or may he replaced by small plates or 1
eyelets, through which the tags are to be passed.
By means of this Invention pamphlets may be safely secured for use
or keeping; legal documents may be bound together securely, and at
the same time so that they may be easily read, and when the same or
sheets of music and other papers are secured thereby every page may be
freely opened, and will lie as flat as though not secured.
THE PRODUCTION OF A NEW CRAPE CLOTH
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Botterill and Robert
Wilson Morrell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd January 1871.
We, JOHN BOTTERILL, junior, of Leeds, in the County of York, Dyer,
and ROBERT WILSON MORRELL, of Bradford, in the same County, Stuff
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
PRODUCTION OF A NEW CRAPE CLOTH," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manner of weaving the cloth, combined
with the method of finishing the same.
Our mode of producing the cloth is as follows, viz. :-We employ what
are technically called "dupe" or slip healds in the process of weaving,
and we use a cotton or silk warp and worsted weft (by preference)
made from Botany wool, and in finishing the said cloth we adopt the
following method, that is to say, instead of steaming the piece on the

page_text: roller as is customary, thereby making and keeping the threads.of the
weft straight, we dye the said cloth immediately after it has been crabbed,
which process of dyeing causes the threads of the weft to shrink and
curl, and thus produces the crape cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Holmes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1871.
I, SAMUEL HOLMES, of 477, Oxford Street, W.C., in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows :-
My improvements relate to such lamps as burn volatile oils or spirits
in vapour with or without pressure, and consist in improvements of the
burners of such lamps and in the forms of lanterns and holders or
reservoirs as to adapt them to ship, railway, and heating purposes.
In the lamp specified the burner is generally a tube of metal in which
the volatile matters are raised by cotton and vapourised by the heat
of their inflammation at the apertures provided.
My improvements in these burners consist in so constricting the
lower end of tho tube that it is enabled to support the necessary column
of oil by a looser cotton than heretofore used, such cotton being thereby
rendered more easy of removal; in so forming the upper parts of such
burner tubes that the vapour when generated shall by passages provided

page_text: be compelled to pass the flame once or twice before being delivered at
the burning holes, thus becoming more highly heated and deprived of
its impurities, the flame becoming more powerful and steadier.
The flame of gas or vapour in these kinds of burners has been
regulated or checked by a motion given to a tube outside the wick tube
actuating a valve.
I here propose and claim as a more satisfactory arrangement that
the inner or wick tube shall receive the motion for operating the valve,
while the outer or burner tube remains stationary. In addition to
being more simple in construction this has the advantage of preventing
any vapour that might pass the tubes from escaping into the room as
it will descend into the reservoir and be condensed. The cotton is also
more casily removed by withdrawing the inner tube entirely.
In regard to reservoirs of such lamps when applied to lanterns or
stoves I make the upper surface of the reservoir itself more or less
concave and reflecting, placing the burner in the focus of such surface
so as to direct the maximum amount of light or heat in the direction
required, which arrangement also tonds to keep cool the oil in the
reservoir.