IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAYS AND PATHS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH AND THERETO
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bell Galloway, of Millwall, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAYS AND PATHS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED
THEREWITH AND THERETO."
Sealed the 1st May 1874, and dated the 5th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bell Galloway
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th November 1873.
I, GEORGE BELL GALLOWAY, of Millwall, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAYS AND PATHS, AND IN APPLIANCES
CONNECTED THEREWITH AND THERETO," to be as follows:-
My improvements for the objects stated, contemplated, and implied in
the title as above narrated are as follows:-Instead of the wood blocks
cut to form paving stones as are now being used to construct what is
termed wood pavement, I propose to say down either on the flat or edge
planks of wood of any description, and eitheras between the edges of. such

page_text: wood so laid down, instead of filling up the spaces with gravel, I may
substitute cement or other granulated composition; or in some cases, fix
iron or metal of such thickness as may be required, the object being by
the arrangement of the combined wood and iron or metal to make a more
durable, firmer, unslippery road; or I may to affect the like objects use
wood as grown cut in such lengths as required, and affix such pieces of
wood of any diameter or cut to configurations to prevent waste of
material either by an adhesive composition or by wood, treenails, spikes,
or nails, by which the pieces of which I make this description of wood
paving may be held in their positions, or I may be able to dispense with
fastenings by the use of what are termed wedges or grooving pieces to
fill up the spaces as between the wood blocks of pavement.
In any case I prefer to use as the foundation wood or iron plates as
described and implied in the Patent granted to me bearing date the
5th July 1871, No. 1757, but it is not essential I should in these cases
lay a wood foundation as I may make blocks or frames and either affix
the lengths of wood, iron, or metal, or wood grooved and iron bolts or
metal fastenings driven through such constructions as to make through-
out fastenings, the object of the whole being the making of a more
lasting, durable, agreeable roadway, and in all cases as stated in the
Patent herein-before referred to.
I prefer to make the roads with the necessary curvature in order that
rain or other water may naturally and as produced run off roads into
proper channels, as by these means expense will be saved, and the
unslippery state of existing asphalte roads preserved and horses protected
from falling and damage to harness and carriages prevented.
may
make
In respect to my improvements in paths I propose to apply the means
as follows: Instead of laying footpaths with flags or asphalte I shall
lay them with a suitable composition to be first filled into frames,
moulds, or boxes made of any configuration, size, or form, either by
wood or metallic castings to be placed to suit positions, and I
the composition of various colours and of such materials solid as flags, or
in some cases as I have described in a Patent granted to me bearing
date 21st of June 1871, No. 1628, or by the aid of colouring composite
matter which will set hard, or by the reduction of various descriptions of
stone or flint calcined the colours may be produced, and I may in some
cases dispense with the use of frames or boxes, and substitute for iron or

page_text: metal either in my plans for roads or paths wood as the divisional means
implied in my composition as contained in my Patent herein-before
referred to, and propose also in connection with what are termed asphalte
roads to use wood as divisional spaces; also to use an admixture of spent
bark, sawdust, and peat, which by suitable machinery may be torn into
fragmentary parts, the objects being in this part of my Invention the
absorption of noise; and as a means to prevent the slippery nature of
roads I propose to mix or roll into asphalte compositions pebble or
shingles or prepared substances.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Bell Galloway in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
BELL GALLOWAY, of Millwall, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Bell Galloway, Her special
licence that I, the said George Bell Galloway, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Bell Galloway,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAYS AND PATHS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THERE.
WITH AND THERETO," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Bell Galloway, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Bell Galloway, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My improvements for the objects stated, contemplated, and implied in
the title as above narrated are as follows:-Instead of the wood blocks
cut to form of paving stones as are now being used to construct what is
termed wood pavement, I lay down either on the flat or edge, or flat and
edge, combined planks of wood of any description, and either as between
the edges of such wood so laid down instead of filling up the spaces
with gravel I substitute cement or other granulated composition; or in
some cases I fix iron or metal of such thickness as may be required,
the object being by the arrangement of combined wood and iron or
metal to make a more durable, firmer, unslippery road.
The method I adopt is I either affix a flat piece of wood by nailing it
to one or both sides of Norway battens or other wood which I use to
make the roadway, and upon this piece of wood so nailed or otherwise
fastened horizontally I rest the iron or metal casting edgeways or nail
it thereunto, or I groove the wood and rest the iron in such part as has
been grooved out for that purpose, or drive in spike nails or other
metallic fastenings into the wood roadway, and in some cases to increase
the durability of the wood pavement I shall by the use of what is
termed creosote or other cabonaceous agent or substance reduced to
liquefied nature in connection with sulphur or other similar metallic
substance, such as granulated iron slag which I may granulate when in
a molten state by forcing steam through it, or air and steam, which when
mixed with the melted carbonaceous matter works into the wood or by
pressure is incorporated with wood, thus the durability will be increased
thereby, and such prepared wood may be otherwise used.
I also to effect the like objects sometimes use wood (as grown) cut
into lengths as required, and I affix such pieces of wood of any diameter
or cut to configuration to prevent waste of material either by an adhesive
composition or by wood, treenails, spikes, or nails, by which the pieces
of wood as paving may be held in their positions, or I dispense with
fastenings by the use of wedges or grooving pieces to fill up the spaces
as between the wood blocks of the pavement.
In all cases I use as the foundation the wood or iron plates as
described and implied in the Patent granted to me bearing date

page_text: 5th July 1871, No. 1757, (but it is not essential) I should in these cases
however lay a foundation in iron or other metal or in wood. I also
make blocks or frames and I affix the lengths of wood within them by
groovings, or by iron bolts, or other fastenings driven through such
constructions to bind them together; the objects of the whole being the
making of a more lasting, durable, and agreeable roadway. The roads
are of the necessary curvature in order that rain or other water may
naturally and as produced run off into proper channels.
In respect to my improvements in paths I apply the means as
follows:-Instead of laying footpaths with flags or asphalte, I lay them
with a composition to be first filled into frames, moulds, or boxes made
of any configuration, size, or form to suit the positions of the path to be
laid. The composition may be of various colours and of such materials
as will "sett" solid as flags. By the reduction of various descriptions of
stone or flint (calcined) the colours may be produced, and I in some
cases dispense with the use of frames or boxes, and in lieu thereof I
form divisional spaces and fill them in with wood.
I also use in connection with what are termed asphalte roads, wood in
strips or planks or pieces as divisional pieces, and with these I employ
an admixture of spent bark, sawdust, and peat torn in shreds by suitable
machinery; the object of this part of my Invention being the absorption
of noise and to prevent slipperiness of the surface. These substances I
mix in suitable proportions to suit the nature of the roadway required,
i.e., the friction and pressure upon such roadway. I grind the pitch
and broken china or other stoneware or fire-brick and lime in the
proportions required, and then mix into the mass the spent torn bark or
peat, or both together, with the cement and other granuleted material such
as herein-before referred to, and in some cases may put up such mixture
in bags for delivery. I then by the aid of an acid, such as hydrochloric
acid and water mix such mass into the state required, and spread it to
form the roadway, as I place it between the interstices of ordinary paving
stones or the wood paving; or I commingle such mass by the application
of heat in what I term troughs or channels within which I cause a
shaft having mixing blades to revolve and by passing heated air through
this mass or externally heating the cylinder or channel by any
convenient application of heat I form a pasty mixture, this I run into
moulds and affix my trademark; in this case I may dispense with the
use of acid. The blocks thus formed are to be conveyed to where the

page_text: roads require to be laid and heated by being placed in a rotary acting
chamber affixed in connection with a small engine to drive the revolving
machinery, and the heat is utilized in connection with such arranged
engine and appliances by a suitable arrangement of pipes which convey
the heat into the mixing chambers from which it is conveyed to form the
roadways required.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
Firstly. The several improvements herein-before expressed in or by
which roadways and paths can be constructed as and for the objects set 1
forth.
Secondly. I claim the construction of roadways and paths from planks
or strips of timber laid on edge in the direction of the grain or fibre as
described, and whether such edge (not end) planks or strips be associated
with iron or other material arranged between or not, as and for the 1
purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Bell Galloway, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.