An Improvement in Petroleum or Oil Motor Engines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 22nd ec., 1890-Accepted, 24th Jan., 1891
1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Petroleum or Oil Motor Engines.
I, Dr. NICOLAUS AUGUST OTTO, of Cologne, in the Empire of Germany, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to he as follows:-
My invention relates to petroleum or oil motor engines wherein the petroleum is
admitted into a combustion chamber of the cylinder, being converted into spray by
means of an air jet, and this spray being then mixed with the requisite air for producing
the combustible charge.
My present improvement has for its object to effect a more complete vaporisation
of the oil spray than heretofore by not only effecting such vaporisation in the hot
charging end of the cylinder, or in the combustion chamber or passage communicating
therewith, as heretofore, but also to effect such vaporisation before entering the cylinder
or the combustion chamber.
For this purpose the space or chamber in which the mixture of oil spray and air
is formed is separated from the combustion chamber by a valve. The oil spraying
apparatus is so arranged that the oil spray carried forward by the air is made to
impinge against a surface which, on first starting, is heated by an external flame, and
is afterwards kept hot by the combustion of the charges in the cylinder; the oil spray
is thus converted into vapour, which, together with the air mixed therewith, is made
to pass through the said valve into the combustion chamber or passage and cylinder.
Any oil that is still in the form of spray on passing through the valve will be converted
into vapour on passing through the hot combustion chamber. Any superfluous oil
or particles that are not readily vaporised, will flow down the sides of the
mixing chamber into a collecting pocket, whence it can be withdrawn by a cock.
In the arrangement which I prefer to employ for the above purpose, the mixing
chamber is formed as a downward projection on a horizontal combustion chamber of
small diameter projecting from the end of the cylinder. In such mixing chamber
is an upward projecting oil supply nozzle, communicating with the oil supply pipe by
a passage provided with a valve that is opened at the required time for admitting oil,
by a cam driven by the engine. The air supply is admitted to the mixing chamber
through an opening below the oil nozzle, and at the month of the oil nozzle the
sides of the chamber are restricted, so as to form a narrow annular space surrounding
the nozzle.
The top of the mixing chamber is formed by part of the wall of the combustion
chamber, in which is formed an opening closed by a valve. The part of the said
wall outside the mixing chamber can be heated by an external flame on starting the
engine.
With this arrangement, when the engine piston performs its suction stroke, and
the above mentioned valve, as also the oil valve, are opened, oil issues through the
nozzle while at the same time air is drawn in from below, and in passing rapidly
through the annular orifice surrounding the nozzle, converts the issuing oil into spray,
and propels it against the hot wall of the combustion chamber, whereby it becomes
vaporised, and in mixing with the entering air, passes through the open valve into
the combustion chamber, and thence into the cylinder.
11

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Petroleum or Oil Motor Engines.
I, Dr. NICOLAUS AUGUST OTTO of Cologne in the Empire of Germany, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
:-
This invention relates to petroleum or oil motor engines wherein the petroleum is
admitted into a combustion chamber of the cylinder, being converted into spray by
means of an air jet, and this spray being then mixed with the requisite air for producing
the combustible charge.
My present invention has for its object to effect a more complete vaporisation of
the oil spray than heretofore by not only effecting such vaporisation in the hot
charging end of the cylinder, or in the combustion chamber or passage communicating
therewith as heretofore, but also to effect such vaporisation before entering the
cylinder or the combustion chamber by the aid of the heated outer surface of the
combustion chamber.
For this purpose the space or chamber in which the mixture of oil spray and air
is formed is separated from the combustion chamber by a valve. The oil spraying
apparatus is so arranged that the oil spray carried forward by the air is made to
impinge against a surface which, on first starting, is heated by an external flame, and
is afterwards kept hot by the combustion of the charges in the cylinder; the oil spray
is thus converted into vapour, which together with the air mixed therewith, is made to
pass through the said valve into the combustion chamber or passage and cylinder.
Any oil that is still in the form of spray on passing through the valve will be
converted into vapour on passing through the hot combustion chamber.
Any superfluous oil or particles that are not readily vaporised will flow down the
sides of the mixing chamber into a collecting pocket, whence it can be withdrawn by
a cock.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing shews a longitudinal section, through the end
of the engine cylinder with the combustion and vaporising chambers.
Fig. 2 is a cross section through the combustion and vaporising chambers and oil
inlet valve.
Fig. 3 is an end view shewing the valve gear and a section through the combustion
chamber at the inlet valve.
e is the combustion chamber with igniting apparatus z and communicating through
a valve a with the vaporizing chamber, in which is the oil inlet nozzle d, and air
inlet g, below which is a pocket e for collecting the non-vaporised oil, which is with-
drawn from time to time through the tap f.
The top of the vaporising chamber is formed by the wall w of the combustion
chamber. the part of which outside the former is heated by a flame k on first
starting the engine. The oil is supplied to the nozzle d from a pipe provided with a
regulating cock 1. through a valve opened at the proper time by a cam on the cam
shaft.
The action is as follows: As soon as the valve a is opened by its cam during the
suction stroke, air enters through the opening g and passes through the restricted
part of the chamber surrounding the oil nozzle, and through the valve a, into the
combustion chamber c and thence to the cylinder. If at the same time or slightly
afterwards the oil valve i be opened, the oil issuing through the small lateral openings
in the nozzled will be converted into spray by the rapid current of air passing
through the restricted space surrounding the same, and in being then made to
impinge against the heated wall w, will be converted into vapour intimately mixed
with air on its passage through valve a into the chamber c, and thence into the
cylinder.
After completion of the suction stroke, the charge will be compressed, and then
fired by the igniting device either at Z or elsewhere. As before stated, on first

page_text: starting the engine the wall w is heated by an external flame k, but after the engine
is started the heat is maintained in the chamber c by the combustion of the charges,
so as, so as effectually to complete the vaporisation of the oil.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. A petroleum motor engine wherein the space or chamber for forming the com-
bustible mixture of oil vapour and atmospheric air is formed as a passage projecting
from the end of the cylinder, which passage is divided by a valve a into two com-
partments b and c of which the latter forms the ignition chamber and is heated by the
combustion of the cylinder charges, while the compartment & into which the oil spray
is introduced, has a wall in common with c so that the heat of the latter is conveyed
directly to the former whereby both the inner and the outer surfaces of the com-
partment c serves for vaporizing the oil, substantially as herein described.
2. In spraying and vaporizing apparatus such as is referred to in the preceding
claim, the arrangement of the oil spraying nozzle d supplied with oil through a valve i
and situated at a restricted part of the chamber b, the air currents passing through
such restricted part being first made to convert the oil into spray and then bring it in
contact with the hot partition wall to before passing through the valve a into the hot
combustion chamber c, where the remainder of the oil is vaporized and whence the
explosive mixture passes into the cylinder, substantially as described.
Dated this 22nd day of December 1890.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant