The Manufacture of Ammonium Carbonate and Acid Ammonium Carbonate from Certain Waste or Bye Products, and Apparatus. for Use in such Manufacture.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 1st May, 1896-Accepted, 11th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
The Manufacture of Ammonium Carbonate and Acid Ammonium
Carbonate from Certain Waste or Bye Products, and Apparatus.
for Use in such Manufacture.
I, HENRY RYAN LEWIS, of 7, Drapers' Gardens, in the City of London,
Mining Engineer and Metallurgist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of ammonium carbonate and acid
ammonium carbonate from certain waste or bye products, and to apparatus for
use in such inanufacture, and has for its chief object the recovery and utilisation
of the carbonic acid gas evolved and given off as a waste or bye product from the
kilns used in the manufacture of lime, Portland cement, and bricks, and from
blast and other furnaces. For this purpose I combine the carbonic acid gas from
such kilns or furnaces, with or without previous purification by scrubbing or
washing, with the gases evolved in the distillation of gas-liquor. I am thus
enabled to produce a mixture of ammonium carbonate and acid ammonium
carbonate, or acid ammonium carbonate alone, in an inexpensive and expeditious
manner.
Where necessary I divide the main flue from the lime kilns, Portland cement
or other 'kilns, by a brick or other partition, so arranged that the kiln gases can be
drawn off as and when required, by means of a fan or other exhauster, from
either of the kilns if in series, or from any two kilns, or any number of kilns as
may be arranged.
In drawing off the Portland cement or lime kiln gases as hereinbefore mentioned,
I preferably force or pass them through the ammoniacal gas-liquor to be distilled,
thereby cooling and washing the gases and heating and volatilizing the gas-liquor,
and thence I force or pass the gases into the depositing chambers along with the
gases from the distillation of the gas-liquor, and with steam in necessary
quantities.
In the above process in which I heat or boil the ammoniacal gas-liquor by
passing or forcing the lime or cement kiln gases through it, I use a reflux con-
denser, such as a continuous still, so as to prevent the formation of a solution of
ammonium carbonate as a distillate, as the latter may not be crystallised and
decomposes rapidly.
I can pass the kiln gases and the gases obtained by distilling the gas-liquor
either separately or together, as above stated, into the depositing chambers, where
the crystalline salts are formed by the combination of the gases. I then purify
the resultant salts either by exposing them to a current of air whereby any
ammonium sulphide is carried off, and caught in sulphuric acid, or by washing with
a small quantity of water, filtering and drying on a suitable floor, the resultant
liquor being returned to the still for further treatment. By the latter means,
besides purifying the salts, I ensure that all ammonium carbamate is converted
into ammonium carbonate by the water, thus:

page_text: This normal carbonate is readily converted into the more stable bicarbonate or
acid carbonate, either by contact with CO, in the presence of moisture, thus :—
(NH,),CO, = NH HCO + NH
the ammonia (NH3) evolved being utilized in any convenient manner.
I may if necessary finally purify the salt by sublimation.
In the apparatus which I employ for the combination of the gases and the
production of the salts, I may use scrubbers, washers, towers, condensing chambers
and cooling chambers, fans and exhausters, and continuous stills, and I can use
steam from the boilers in the heating of the gas-liquor in the stills, and in the
formation of the salt.
Dated this 1st day of August 1895
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
The Manufacture of Ammonium Carbonate and Acid Ammonium
Carbonate from Certain Waste or Bye Products, and Apparatus
for Use in such Manufacture.
I, HENRY RYAN LEWIS, of 7, Drapers' Gardens, in the City of London,
Mining Engineer and Metallurgist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates-to-the-manufacture_of_ammonium carbonate and acid
ammonium carbonate from certain waste products or bye-products, and-has-for-its-
chief object the recovery and utilisation of the carbonic acid gas evolved and
given off as a waste product or bye-product from the kilns used in the manufacture
of lime, Portland cement, and bricks, and from blast and other furnaces.
For this purpose I combine the carbonic acid gas from such kilns or furnaces,
with or without previous purification by scrubbing or washing, with the gases
evolved in the distillation of gas-liquor. I am thus enabled to produce, in an
inexpensive and expeditious manner, ammonium carbonate, acid ammonium
carbonate or ammonium carbamate, or mixtures of these substances.
Where necessary I divide the main flue extending from the lime-kilns, or
Portland cement-kilns, or other kilns or furnaces, by a brick or other partition, so
arranged that the kiln-gases can be drawn off, as and when required, by means of
a fan or other exhauster, from any one of the kilns if in series, or from any two
kilns, or any other suitable number of kilns as may be arranged. Or I attain
this object by means of a system of iron or other pipes connected with the flues
and with an exhauster.
On drawing off the gases from the Portland cement-kilns or lime-kilns or other
kilns or furnaces as hereinbefore described, I preferably wash them in suitable
apparatus by means of water, or by the ammoniacal gas-liquor to be distilled,
thereby cooling and washing the gases, and heating the gas-liquor before it enters
the still. I then force or pass the washed gases with those obtained in the
distillation of the gas-liquor, and with steam in necessary quantities, into suitable
condensers. For distilling the gas-liquor, I prefer to use a "continuous still,"

page_text: thereby preventing the formation of a solution of ammonium carbonate as a
distillate, which decomposes rapidly and will not crystallise. By this means I can
also control the heat and keep back many of the impurities in the gas-liquor, and
obtain a constant supply of ammonia or ammonium carbonate mixed with the
requisite quantity of steam. The carbonic acid in the gas-liquor I may either fix
in the liquor before distillation by suitable means, or I may allow it to come off
with the ammonia. And I can utilize the fixed ammonia in the gas-liquor or not.
as may be desired.
I can conduct the kilu-gases and the gases obtained in the distillation of the gas-
liquor either separately, or together as above stated, into the depositing chambers
or condensers, where the crystalline salts are formed by the combination of the
said gases.
The gases, after passing through all the condensing chambers, are
finally washed with water or sulphuric acid to prevent any waste of ammonia..
I then purify the resultant salts either by exposing them to a current of air,.
whereby any ammonium sulphide is decomposed or carried off, and caught in
sulphuric acid or water; or by washing with a small quantity of water, filtering,
and drying on a suitable floor, the resultant liquor being returned to the still for
further treatment or being otherwise utilized.. By the latter means, besides.
purifying the salts, I ensure that all the ammonium carbamate is converted into
ammonium carbonate by the water, thus:-
This normal carbonate is readily converted into the more stable bicarbonate or
acid carbonate, either by contact with CO, in the presence of moisture, thus :-
==
(NH4),CUg=NH HUU + Ng
the ammonia (NH3) evolved being utilized in any convenient manner.
I can utilize either or both of the above methods for the purification of the
salt, and I can if necessary finally purify the salt by sublimation, or I can use
this method of purification alone.
In the apparatus which I employ for the combination of the gases and the
production of the salts, I may use scrubbers, washers, towers, condensing chambers
and cooling chambers, fans and exhausters, and continuous stills, and I can use-
steam from steam-boilers or other suitable means for heating the gas-liquor in
the stills, or such steam may be employed in the formation of the salt.
I can,
if desired, utilize the waste gases from the said kilns or furnaces for the
purpose of my said invention, by mixing the same with ammoniacal gas from other
sources than that above referred to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what.
I claim is :-
First. The utilisation of the waste gases from lime-kilns or Portland cement-
kilns or other kilns or furnaces, in the production of ammonium carbonate or
acid ammonium carbonate or animonium carbamate, or of mixtures of such
substances, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Second. The manufacture of ammonium carbonate or acid ammonium carbonate
or ammenium carbamate, or of mixtures of such substances, by combining the
waste gases from kilns, blast-furnaces or the like, with the gases evolved in the
distillation of gas-liquor, substantially as described.

page_text: Third. A process for the manufacture of ammonium carbonate or acid ammonium
carbonate or ammonium carbamate, or mixtures thereof, consisting in passing the
waste gases from kilns, blast-furnaces or the like, through ammoniacal gas-liquor,
water or other cleansing liquid, mixing the said gases with the gases evolved in the
distillation of gas-liquor, conducting the mixed gases into condensing chambers,
and then purifying the salt so obtained and converting it entirely or partially into
ammonium carbonate or acid ammonium carbonate, substantially as described.
A
1 1000
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.