Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel Shells.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Nov., 1893'
Complete Specification Left, 17th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 20th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel Shells.
We, GEORGE KYNOCH AND COMPANY LIMITED, of Lion Works, Witton,
Manufacturers, and DUGALD CLERK, of Driffold Villa, Manor Hill, Sutton
Coldfield, Engineer, all in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to processes concerning the manufacture of steel shells and
consists partly in a new sequence of operations intended for turning, boring and
screwing the said shells whereby the number of lathes used is materially
diminished. The invention also consists in a new application of milling cutters
for the purpose of performing simultaneously on a steel shell operations which are
at present separately performed.
In carrying our invention into effect as applied to cast steel shells, after testing
the shell under water pressure to see that the casting is sound we place the shell
point inwards into a strong bell chuck in a turret and slide rest lathe. We
provide proper support for the said bell chuck at its outside end and any usual
means of fastening the shell in the interior of the chuck. We so arrange the
lathe as to perform the operations of facing the end, boring for the base plug,
screw cutting and recessing, and for this purpose we provide a slide rest with a
motion traversing across the end of the shell for facing, a turret rest containing
say six tools each of which is presented in succession, to perform the operations of
boring, screw cutting and recessing. Having thus obtained a true end with an
accurately bored and screwed hole, we transfer the shell to the second lathe
in which the screwed end is screwed into or on a suitable rod or mandril
having a strong collar. By means of this screw the shell is forced into
a rotating frame point outwards projecting beyond the frame. The said
frame is suitably supported at its outer end; turning tools are applied by
means of opposing transverse slide rests and these tools part off the head
formed upon the casting and likewise perform the operation of rough pointing or
rough turning the points of the shells. This operation secures a true point and
the shell is now transferred to a third lathe screwed on a suitable screw chuck
screwing into the base plug hole and supported at the point by a centre fitting on
the shell point. This third lathe is used for the purpose of turning the parallel
part of the shell and two opposing cutters are used, the advance one giving the
rough cut and the second one giving the finishing cut. This lathe may be so
arranged as to perform the turning of the parallel part only or the process of
recessing for the bands may be simultaneously accomplished. When this is done
we arrange a strong frame over the lathe so designed as to allow free movement of
the slide rest carrying the turning tools throughout the whole of the required
range. The tools in this case preferably begin turning at the base and after they
have passed that portion of the shell in which the recess for the band is to be
carried a milling tool separately driven preferably in the direction of rotation of
the shell and at a speed slightly greater circumferentially than the circumferential
speed of the shell is brought to bear upon the metal and it cuts the recess of
suitable configuration. The milling tool for this purpose is carried in a suitable
slide or link worked by a screw or other gear. The gear is so arranged that a
stop prevents the milling tool being pushed too far so that all that is necessary is
to turn the screw until the stop is reached, at which point the formation of the
recess is completed. By this device we are enabled to form the recess for the

page_text: band while the turning of the parallel part is proceeding, and at the same time we
increase the driving power of the lathe upon the shell rather than diminish it.
It is to be understood that the speed of the milling cutter is so proportioned
relatively to the speed of the rotation of the shell as to give the best speed of
cut for milling purposes, and this it will be observed enables us to fix the speed
for turning at the best rate suitable for that purpose, while at the same time
permitting of the best rate for milling to be applied to the milling tool. The real
rate of cut of the milling tool is not its circumferential velocity but the difference
between that velocity and the velocity of rotation of the shell. We preferably
drive the milling cutter by separate gearing but when the lathe is sufficiently
powerful it may be driven from it. The milling tool may also be advanced
automatically and arranged to come automatically into action after a certain
portion of the turning has been accomplished. An automatic stop may also be
provided to throw the tool out of action when the recess has been cut to the
desired depth. Any configuration of recess it will be readily seen may be
produced by the use of a properly shaped milling tool.
When we do not use a milling tool for forming the recess we transfer the shell
to another lathe by which the said recess is formed and on this lathe we prefer to
carry two opposing tools. After the parallel part of the shell has been turned and
the recess formed we transfer the shell to another lathe arranged to radius and
finish the point; in this lathe we arrange a cutting tool on a slide rest swinging
from a fixed point and operated by any convenient rack or other gear.
By this our invention we are enabled when not using the milling cutter to
finish the shell in five lathes, by the series of operations herein before described,
and when we apply the milling cutter we are enabled to finish in four lathes by
the series of operations herein before described.
Dated this 14th day of November 1893.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel Shells.
We, GEORGE KYNOCH AND COMPANY LIMITED, of Lion Works, Witton,
Manufacturers, and DUGALD CLERK, of Driffold Villa, Manor Hill, Sutton
Coldfield, Engineer, all in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to processes concerning the manufacture of steel shells and
consists partly in a new sequence of operations intended for turning, boring and
screwing the said shells whereby the number of lathes used is materially
diminished. The invention also consists in a new application of milling cutters
for the purpose of performing simultaneously on a steel shell operations which are
at present separately performed.
In order that our invention may be the more readily understood we append
hereunto five sheets of explanatory drawings to be hereinafter referred to.
On Sheet 1, Figure 1 is a front elevation and Figure 2 a plan of a lathe
arranged for the first operation in our improved process relating to shell
manufacture.
Figure 3 is an end elevation of the slide rest of the lathe.
Figure 4, Sheet 2 is a front elevation and Figure 5 a plan of a lathe arranged
for the third operation in our process.
Figure 6 is an end elevation in part section representing the arrangement and
action of the tools.

page_text: Figures 7, 8 and 9 (Sheet 3) represent the appliances whereby we are enabled to
simultaneously perform the third and fourth operations of our process.
Figures 10, 11 and 12, Sheet 4, give a front elevation, plan and end elevation
partly in section of a lathe arranged to independently accomplish the fourth
operation in our process.
Figures 13 and 14, Sheet 5, illustrate by front elevation and end elevation
partly in section, a lathe arranged for the final operation of our process.
In carrying our invention into effect as applied to cast steel shells, after testing
the shell under water pressure to see that the casting is sound we place the shell
point inwards into a strong bell chuck such as A in a turret and slide rest lathe as
in Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet 1). We provide proper support for the said bell
chuck at its outside end and any usual means of fastening the shell in the interior
of the chuck. We so arrange the lathe as to perform the operations of facing the
end, boring for the base plug, screw cutting and recessing, and for this purpose we
provide a slide rest B (Figures 1, 2 and 3) with a motion traversing across the end
of the shell for facing, and a turret rest C containing say six tools each of which
is presented in succession, to perform the operations of boring, screw cutting and
recessing. Having thus obtained a true end with an accurately bored and screwed
hole, we transfer the shell to the second lathe in which the screwed end is screwed
into or on a suitable rod or mandril having a strong collar. By means of this
screw the shell is forced into a rotating frame point outwards projecting beyond
the frame. The said frame is suitably supported at its outer end; turning tools
are applied by means of opposing transverse slide rests and these tools part off the
head formed upon the casting and likewise perform the operation of rough pointing
or rough turning the points of the shells. This operation secures a true point and
the shell is now transferred to a third lathe as shown at Figures 4, 5 and 6
Sheet 2, and is screwed on a suitable screw chuck D screwing into the base plug
hole and supported at the point by a centre E fitting on the shell point. This
third lathe is used for the purpose of turning the parallel part of the shell and
two opposing cutters F F are used, the advance one giving the rough cut and the
second one giving the finishing cut. This lathe may be so arranged as to perform
the turning of the parallel part only or the process of recessing for the bands may
be simultaneously accomplished. When this is done we arrange a strong frame G
over the lathe as at Figures 7, 8 and 9 Sheet 3, so designed as to allow free
movement of the slide rest carrying the turning tools throughout the whole of the
required range. The tools in this case preferably begin turning at the base and
after they have passed that portion of the shell in which the recess for the band is
to be carried a milling tool H separately driven preferably in the direction of
rotation of the shell and at a speed slightly greater circumferentially than the
circumferential speed of the shell is brought to bear upon the metal and it cuts the
recess.J in the shell of suitable configuration. The milling tool for this purpose
is carried in a suitable slide or link such as L worked by a screw and lever M or
other gear. The gear is so arranged that a stop prevents the milling tool being
pushed too far so that all that is necessary is to turn the screw until the stop is
reached, at which point the formation of the recess is completed. By this device
we are enabled to form the recess for the band while the turning of the parallel
part is proceeding, and at the same time we increase the driving power of the
lathe upon the shell rather than diminish it.
It is to be understood that the speed of the milling cutter is so proportioned
relatively to the speed of the rotation of the shell as to give the best speed of
cut for milling purposes, and this it will be observed enables us to fix the
speed for turning at the best rate suitable for that purpose, while at the same
time permitting of the best rate for milling to be applied to the milling tool.
The real rate of cut of the milling tool is not its circumferential velocity, but the
difference between that velocity and the velocity of rotation of the shell.
preferably drive the milling cutter by separate gearing but when the lathe is
sufficiently powerful it may be driven from it. The milling tool may also be
We

page_text: advanced automatically and arranged to come automatically into action after a
certain portion of the turning has been accomplished. An automatic stop may
also be provided to throw the tool out of action when the recess has been cut to
the desired depth. Any configuration of recess it will be readily seen may be
produced by the use of a properly shaped milling tool.
When we do not use a milling tool for forming the recess we transfer the shell
to another lathe shown at Figures 10, 11 and 12 Sheet 4 by which the said recess
is formed and on this lathe we prefer to carry two opposing tools N N'. After the
parallel part of the shell has been turned and the recess formed we transfer the
shell to another lathe such as illustrated at Figures 13 and 14 Sheet 5 arranged to
radius and finish the point; in this lathe we arrange a cutting tool on a slide
rest swinging from a fixed point P and operated by any convenient rack or
other gear.
By this our invention we are enabled when not using the milling cutter to finish
the shell in five lathes, by the series of operations herein before described, and
when we apply the milling cutter we are enabled to finish in four lathes by the
series of operations as hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of steel shells, the improved processes for turning,
screwing, recessing, and finishing the said shells, by means of a sequence of
operations effected by lathes and tools arranged substantially as hereinbefore
described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In the manufacture of steel shells, the improved process for simultaneously
recessing or grooving the base end of the shell and turning the parallel part or
body of the same, substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
3. In a lathe or machinery for the manufacture of steel shells, the combination
of a slide rest with tools for turning the body of the shell, with a milling tool or
cutter supported in a frame above the bed of the lathe in such a manner as to
allow free movement of the slide rest substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described.
4. In a lathe or machine for the manufacture of steel shells the use of a milling
tool or cutter for recessing or grooving the base end of the shell, with a slide or
link having screw and lever or other gear for causing the advance of the cutter,
substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Deted this 15th 1
J
1
100
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicants.