Improvements in Heating and Ventilating Buildings, and in Apparatus for the Purpose.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 8th June, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 7th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 26th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heating and Ventilating Buildings, and in
Apparatus for the Purpose.
I, WALTER JONES, trading as Jones and Attwood, of Enville Street, Stourbridge
in the County of Worcester, hot water engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in heating buildings, and also
improvements in apparatus for employment therein; and relates in part to improve-
ments in the ventilation of buildings.
The improvements which relate specially to heating buildings consist, according
to this invention, in combining the low pressure and high pressure systems of heating
by water, and using the low pressure system for heating the lower stratum of air, in
the usual manner, and the high pressure system for heating the higher stratuin.
The high pressure pipes, being small in diameter, are conveniently and economically
carried up to any desired height, such as along the wall-plate, ceiling, or roof, or
above or below the windows, and by thus heating the upper stratum of air tend to
prevent down draughts which are very objectionable in churches and other lofty
buildings. By this combined method of heating, the time required to raised the
temperature of the air to the desired degree will be shortened, and a higher tempera-
ture can be maintained than by using the low pressure system alone.
When an exit ventilator is employed in the roof or ceiling a portion of the high
pressure system may be carried therein to assist vertilation and prevent down currents
of cold air.
The improvements in apparatus for employment in the combined system of heating
as above described consist in the application of the coil boiler, or series of high
pressure tubes, within the fire-box of the low pressure boiler, or within the flne leading
therefrom, or partly within the fire-box and partly within the flue. Both the systems
are thus heated by a single fire and receive the direct impact of the flame, and con-
siderable economy is effected as compared with apparatus in which the two systems
are heated separately.
A convenient form of combined apparatus for receiving direct the heat from a
single furnace consists of a vertical low pressure boiler surrounded with a water
space on all sides and at the top, excopt where the flue passes up, and of a high
pressure coil placed within the furnace of the low pressure boiler, with the outlet or
flow pipe therefrom passing up through the top or side of the boiler, or through the
flue leading therefrom, and the return or inlet pipe passing through the side of, or
underneath, the boiler, as may be most convenient.
"
"
According to a further part of this invention Tobin tubes are employed each
formed of a central vertical water tube, forming part of the low pressure system of
heating apparatus, surrounded with a casing of metal, wood, or other suitable material,
so as to leave an air space all round between the water tube and the casing, for
the passage of air on the "Tobin" system from the exterior into the interior of
the room.
Within the space thus formed, and fixed in contact with the water tube
so as to be heated directly thereby, are arranged a number of horizontal metal ribs or
gills by means of which the radiating surface for heating the air is increased. These
ribs or gills are arranged so as to break up the currents of air, and thus by delaying
their passage to give greater time for the absorption of heat. The gills may be
formed serrated, and arranged with the teeth of one set of serrations vertically over
the voids or spaces of the set of serrations next below. The water tubes, and casings
therearound, may be of any desired shape in transverse section, but a rectangular
form will usually be found most convenient.

page_text: The combined high and low pressure apparatus may be used without the Tobin
tube ventilation, or the ventilation by low pressure may be used without the high
pressure portion of the apparatus.
DLL:
L 1
T
1000
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heating and Ventilating Buildings, and in
Apparatus for the Purpose.
I, WALTER JONES, trading as Jones and Attwood, of Enville Street, Stourbridge
in the County of Worcester, hot water engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements in the method of heating buildings,
and also improvements in apparatus for employment therein; and relates in part to
improvements in the ventilation of buildings.
The improvements which relate specially to the method of heating buildings consist
in combining the low and high pressure systems of heating by water, and using the
low pressure system for heating the lower stratum of air, in the usual manner, and
the high pressure system for heating the higher stratum. The high pressure pipes,
being small in diameter, are conveniently and economically carried up to any desired
height, and are carried along in position suitable for heating the upper stratum of air,
such as along the wall plate, or along the top of the cornice, or immediately under the
ceiling, or within an open roof, or above or below the windows, and by thus heating
the upper stratum of air tend to prevent the down draughts which are so commonly
experienced in churches and other lofty buildings.
A convenient application of the principle above referred to, of heating buildings by
a joint system of high and low pressure hot water apparatus, is illustrated by figure 1,
which is a vertical section through a building having a lofty interior, such for
instance as a public hall. The pipes a of the low pressure system are shewn arranged
around, or partially around, the lower portion of the building, and the piping 6 of
the high pressure system is shewn as arranged around or partially around the upper
portion thereof. The building is supposed to have a cornice c running around the
walls at about half the height thereof, and a cornice d running around the upper part
of the walls some distance below the ceiling which is shewn as if coved; and a venti-
lating shafte is shewn to pass up from a grating f fixed in the centre of the ceiling.
The piping b is shown to be carried along on the tops of the cornices, and this is a
very convenient method of carrying it. The high-pressure system is shewn also as
circulating, by means of piping 61, through a coil 6 in the ventilating shaft e. This
coil assists ventilation and prevents down currents of cold air from the ventilator.
By the combined method of heating above described the time required to raise
the temperature of the air to the desired degree will be shortened, and a more
uniform temperature can be maintained than by using either the high or low
pressure system alone.
The improvements in apparatus for employment in the combined system of
heating as above described, and which are applicable also in the case of the two
systems being used independently for heating separate apartments or in other
manner besides that above described, consist in the application of the coil boiler
or other tubular boiler of the high-pressure system within the fire-box of the low-
pressure boiler, or within the flue leading therefrom, or partly within the fire-box
and partly within the flue. Both the systems are thus heated by a single fire and
receive the direct impact of the flames, and considerable economy is effected. over
what would be the case if the two systems were heated separately.
1
A convenient form of combined high and low pressure boiler apparatus, in which
both the systems are heated direct from a single furnace, is illustrated by figures 2

page_text: and 3, of which figure 2 is a vertical section through the combined apparatus, and
figure 3 a plan taken on line xx of figure 2. Within the furnace A of a vertical low
pressure boiler B of the usual type, that is a boiler surrounded with a water space on
all sides and at the top, except where the flue passes up, is placed a high pressure
coil C, with the outlet or flow pipe g therefrom passing out through the side of the
low pressure boiler B, and the return or inlet pipe h passing also through the side
of the boiler B, as shewn; but of course the outlet pipe may pass up through the top
of the boiler B or through the flue thereof, if desired, and the inlet pipe h may be
brought up through the bottom of the boiler B, if preferred. The coil C is shewn
entirely within the furnace of the boiler B, but a portion of it may be of smaller
diameter and be carried up within a flue of enlarged diameter passing up from the
boiler B, if desired; or the whole of the coil may be formed of convenient size and be
carried within a flue of suitable diameter, instead of within the furnace.
According to a further part of this invention, "Tobin" tubes are employed each in
combination with a vertical water tube which is part of the low pressure system of
heating apparatus. The water tube is carried within a casing of metal, wood, or
other suitable material which forms the "Tobin" tube proper, in such manner as to
leave an air space between the water tube and the casing for the passage of air on
the "Tobin" system from the exterior into the interior of the room.
Within the
space thus formed are fixed a number of horizontal metal plates or gills arranged in
position so as to break up the currents of air and thus by delaying their passage to
give greater time for the absorption of heat. Several or all of these plates are
connected with the water tube so as to be heated directly thereby, by which means
the radiating surface for heating the air is increased. The combination of the hot
water tube with the "Tobin" tube not only increases the ventilating power of the
"Tobin" tube, but warms the air flowing through it.
A convenient application of the hot water tube to a "Tobin" ventilator is shewn
by figures 4 to 7 inclusive, of which figure 4 is a vertical section through the casing,
or "Tobin" tube proper, shewing the water tube and pipes in elevation; figure 5 is
a front elevation of figure 4; figure 6 is a side elevation thereof, partly in section,
with the loose cover plate, hereinafter described, removed; and figure 7 is a sectional
plan taken on line y y of figure 4.
" coil
The water tube i may conveniently consist of what is technically known as a
end," that is a vertical pipe rectangular on plan to which the borizontal water pipes a
are connected; but the tube i is carried up some distance, as shewn, above the top
pipe a. The vertical pipe is surrounded, as shewn, with a case or boxing k forming
a "Tobin" ventilating tube, which may be of sheet metal or of wood or other suitable
material. It is not necessary to form a back to the casing, as the walls of the room
may answer the purpose; but if a back is formed therewith a part thereof is cut away,
as shewn by broken lines m figure 5, to allow of the casing being pushed into place
over the pipes a and for the entrance of air into the casing; and whether the casing
is formed with a back or not, slots open to the back edge are formed in the sides
of the case to allow the sides to be pushed over the pipes a, or in lieu of a separate
slot for each pipe a wide slot may be formed to pass over both the pipes, or over all
the pipes if a range of more than two are used. When the case has been placed in
position, as shewn, plates n (one of which is shewn by broken lines figure 6) which
have been previously slipped over the ends of the pipes a, are fixed against the sides
of the case and cover the otherwise exposed parts of the openings formed for the
pipes. is the air inlet from the exterior of the room into the case. It is preferred,
for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary projection into the room, to carry the coil
end i against or nearly against the back of the case, or against or nearly against the
wall, and to leave a small space between the front of such pipe and of the case.
Radiating plates or gills o, carried by the coil end i, project partly across the space
between the exterior of the coil end and the interior of the casing k; and plates or
gills g, carried by the casing k in positions equidistant between the plates o, project
also partly across the said space, as shewn, and the air having to travel in a course
indicated by the arrows, figure 4, is delayed somewhat in its passage and thus the
•

page_text: absorption of heat by the air is facilitated. For the purpose of fixing the radiating
plates or gills o to the coil end, a number of fillets or ledges p are formed upon the
coil end, and the radiating plates or gills rest on such fillets. Each radiating plate
or gill is, preferably, formed angle-shaped in section, and the vertical part of the
angle exposes a broad surface to the coil end and thus facilitates the conduction of
heat therefrom. These plates or gills are formed three-sided on plan, as shewn by
figure 7, and are held in place by making the open ends slightly nearer together
than the width of the coil end, so that they are sprung slightly open as they are put
in place. If desired, however, the open ends may be made to project slightly beyond
the back of the coil end and be clenched round. The alternate plates q are corre-
spondingly shaped, and may be flanged and screwed to the inside of the case. It
will be obvious, however, that the shape of the plates o and q, and the means of fixing
them, may be varied considerably. The vertical water tube i and the casing or
boxing k may also be varied in shape, as desired.
A modification in which all the plates or gills are in contact with the water tube
is shewn by figure 8. In this case the three outer sides of the water tube may be
covered with sheet metal from which the plates or gills have been pressed out, or
such plates or gills may be fixed to the sheet metal, or direct to the tube in which
case of course the sheet metal would not be required. The plates in this arrangement
project, preferably, right across the air space.
"
The system of heating by combined high and low pressure may, of course, be used
without the method of ventilating by the combination of hot water pipe and "Tobin
tube described; and such method of ventilation in combination with low pressure
heating apparatus may, of course, be used independently of a high pressure heating
system.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. For the purpose of heating buildings, the combination of high and low pressure
systems of hot water pipes, of which the low pressure system is employed to heat
the lower stratum of air and the high pressure system is employed to heat the upper
or higher stratum of air, substantially as described and shewn.
2. A combined high and low pressure boiler for use in hot water apparatus, which
consists of a coil boiler or other tubular boiler of a high pressure system placed
within the furnace of the boiler of a low pressure system. or within the flue
therefrom, or partly within the furnace and partly within the flue, substantially as
described.
which consists in the
"Tobin tubes,
3. The method of ventilating buildings with warm air
employment of hot water pipes, or tubes, or "coil ends," within
substantially as described.
*
"
"coil
4. The combination of "Tobin" ventilating tube, hot water pipe, or tube, or
end," and plates or gills so arranged within a space left between the interior of the
"Tobin" tube and the exterior of the hot water pipe, tube, or coil end," as to delay
to some extent the passage of the air up such space, some (or all) of such plates or
gills being in contact with the water tube from which they radiate heat into such
space, substantially as described and shewn, for the purpose set forth.
5. The apparatus for ventilating with warm air, substantially as described with
reference to the drawings on sheet 3 herewith.
Dated this 5th day of March 1890
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant.