matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH PRESSURE GAUGES FOR THE PURPOSE OF AUTOMATICALLY OPERATING AN ALARM OR REGULATING APPARATUS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1883. Communicated
to him from abroad by Louis Carton, of El Kseur, Algeria.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City
MENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH PRESSURE GAUGES FOR THE PURPOSE OF
AUTOMATICALLY OPERATING AN ALARM OR REGULATING APPARATUS," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Louis Carton, of El Kseur, Algeria,
Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
of Westminster, Civil Engineer, "IMPROVE-
This invention relates to an automatic pressure gauge indicating the maximum
or minimum pressure of steam, compressed air, liquids or gas at any distance by
means of electricity.
The apparatus has the shape and general construction of an ordinary pressure
gauge but all metal parts or conductors of electricity are suitably insulated from
the gauge hand and its support.
The apparatus is chiefly constructed as follows:
An ordinary metallic gauge dial is provided with a circularly curved slot provided
with a scale and holding two adjustable metal knobs or indexes (one of which
serves to indicate the maximum and the other the minimum pressure) and which
are adapted to be secured at any desired division of the slot.
Each knob is surmounted by a small wire adapted to come in contact with the
prolongation of the gauge hand which also consists of a small elastic wire.
Behind the dial is situated a circular metal tube connected at one end with a
steam supply-pipe, while the other or free end of this tube is connected with the
lever mechanism of the gauge hand by means of a plate made of vulcanite or other
insulating material. The gauge hand is pivoted in a piece of metal suitably
insulated from the apparatus. The support of the gauge hand is electrically
connected with one of the two binding posts.
When the apparatus is set in operation the adjustable knobs are fixed at those
points of the slot which indicate the maximum and minimum degrees of pressure
within which it is intended to keep the engine at work.
One of the knobs is in direct communication with the other binding post through
the metal frame of the apparatus.

page_text: The two binding posts are each connected with one of the poles of an electric
battery actuating an alarm apparatus or a regulating valve.
If the pressure is too high the steam passing through the tube behind the dial
actuates the gauge hand which pushes against the knob indicating the maximum
pressure and thus closes the circuit.
On the other hand if the pressure is not sufficient the gauge hand comes in
contact with the knob indicating the minimum pressure whereby the circuit is
again closed. In both cases the alarm or the valve will be set in operation by the
closing of the circuit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONE APPARATUS
Year: 1883

page_text: (Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maxymilyan Kotyra at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1883.
MAXYMILYAN KOTYRA, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, IMPROVEMENTS
IN TELEPHONE APPARATUS
This Invention has for its object Improvements in the construction of Telephone
Apparatus, and consists of an improved form of telephone receiver, (or in some
cases it may be arranged as a transmitter), the principle and construction of which
are as follows:-
A permanent, or it may be an electro magnet, of flat or other convenient section,
as may be found most convenient and suitable, is, according to one modification,
bent in the form of a portion of a circle, advantageously of a C shape, the poles
of which are brought in close proximity to each other, and their ends free to
vibrate, negative to positive. The magnet is fixed, rigidly, at an equidistant point,
and thus allows the ends to freely vibrate.
A small electro magnet is connected by suitable means on to the respective poles,
at or near each end of the C shaped permanent or electro magnet before described.
One pole of one of the before mentioned electro magnets is fixed by means of a
small screw, or other suitable fastening to a disc, or plate, of metal (not necessarily
iron), and, as may be found most convenient in practice. The other pole is
provided with an adjustable device, whereby the distances apart of the poles of
the electro magnets can be adjusted to the greatest nicety.
The apparatus before described is fixed in a case or handle of any suitable
construction or material.

page_text: The conducting wires are each connected to the respective poles of the electro
magnets, in any convenient manner.
The Invention does not depend upon the vibrations of the diaphrgm in the
face of a permanent or electro magnet, as is the case with other forms of
telephones, in which the diaphragm acts as an armature. But in this invention,
the disc or plate with an electro magnet or magnets, and connected as before
described, is vibrated mechanically, by being fixed to one of the poles of the
magnet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIME
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kemp at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1883.
WILLIAM KEMP of Millers Dale in the County of Derby, Manager of Lime
Works "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIME."
My invention relates to the manufacture of lime, and consists in a process
whereby I am enabled, by a given quantity of fuel, to produce a greater quantity
of lime than has hitherto been possible by the ordinary method.
In the manufacture of lime as hitherto conducted in what is known as the
continuous drawing kiln, or that class of kiln in which the limestone or other
suitable material from which lime is to be produced is calcined, is charged by
placing therein the fuel and the material to be calcined in thin alternate layers,
other similar layers of fuel and material to be calcined being added as the calcined
material is removed from the kiln above named.
My invention consists in charging the above named kiln with alternate layers
of fuel and material to be calcined, of a thickness much greater than has hitherto
been the practice.
The said fuel and material to be calcined I either place in thick alternate
horizontal layers, or feed the said fuel to the said kiln as a vertical column, and
surround it with the material to be calcined. To assist in feeding the fuel and
material to be calcined to the kiln, I use a funnel or hopper; such funnel or hopper
may either be formed as part of the kiln, or may be removable therefrom.
By apportioning the fuel and material to be calcined as above, I am enabled to
obtain a more perfect combustion of the fuel than has previously been effected, and
thereby greatly economise the fuel, and also effect a more speedy calcination of the
material to be calcined than heretofore.
AN IMPROVED MINERS SAFETY LAMP
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Williams Pittuck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1883.
FREDERICK WILLIAMS PITTUCK of Hebburn on Tyne in the County of Durham
Chemist." AN IMPROVED MINERS SAFETY LAMP
"
A Lamp constructed according to my Invention consists of wire gauze forming
the lower part of the sides of the Lamp also a wire gauze disc inside and
immediately above this disc and keeping it in a fixed position is a perforated
metallic diaphragm, both disc and diaphragm being immediately beneath the flame
of the lamp, and above this is the chamber in which the Lamp flame burns, the
said chamber terminating in a sheet Iron chimney capped with gauze-The flame
chamber is surrounded by glass.
The gas in the mine or other place will unite with the Oxygen of the air and
form an explosive mixture-this on entering the Lamp ignites in the space between
the disc and diaphragm and forms Carbon dioxide which immediately comes in
contact with the lame and extinguishes it.
The metallic diaphragm thus prevents the mixed gases from continuing to burn
on the gauze disc.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BARRELS, BARREL-TANKS OR OTHER LIKE ARTICLES FOR HOLDING CORROSIVE OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Herbert Hedley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1883.
JOHN HERBERT HEDLEY of Liverpool in the county of Lancaster
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BARRELS, BARREL-TANKS OR OTHER LIKE ARTICLES FOR HOLDING
CORROSIVE OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
This invention consists in large part in forming the barrel with strips of
vulcanized india-rubber or other similar substance, tightly compressed in all the
joints. Now the idea occurred to me some time ago, but I have found great
difficulty in carrying it into practice, as it was so difficult to build up the barrel or
sufficiently compress the rubber.
The mode in which I bave at last succeeded in effecting this object is as follows.
I form the strips flat, round, pointed, oval, or any other convenient form, and
groove the stave edges to suit, or leave them flat. I then with marine glue or
other suitable adhesive, fix a strip to one edge of each stave and then build the
barrel up. I now place the hoops on, and then the bottom, which latter also is
made acid tight with a band of india rubber in the groove into which it fits. The
lid can also be placed inside the barrel loose, to be fixed as hereafter described.
The hoops are then placed on and tightened up. I find however that the ordinary
plan of hooping is of little avail. I therefore make large hoops upon which the
barrel can roll, like as if they were tyres, and draw these tyres toward each other
up the bulge of the barrel, by bolts placed through, or clamping said tyres till they
have compressed the tyre as much as practicable. I then apply the smaller hoops
which can be of copper or other suitable metal if required to be exposed to very
corrosive materials. Conical tons can have the hoops pulled down with bolts
hooked into the bottom. The head can be as before stated loose in the cask, and
fit against a chime, with a ring of india-rubber between, and be drawn by one or
more bolts forcibly up toward a yoke over the top of the barrel, or the lid can be
placed over the projecting chime, or in a recess cut in the staves with rubber

page_text: between it and the chime, or projecting part of staves can be screwed tight to a
yoke fitting under the chime, and secured in the usual manner for additional
security. Another form of making the hoops is to form them of metal with lugs
at the ends and screw them tight with screws or studs. To make the staves acid
proof, I sometimes form them out of old petroleum barrels, or steep them in a
hydrocarbon or other preservative.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF EARTHENWARE LINED SMOKING PIPES, CIGAR AND CIGARETTE HOLDERS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Walsh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1883. Communicated
to him from abroad by Adam Burkard and Prosper Galmark both of Antwerp
in the Kingdom of Belgium.
JOHN EDWARD WALSH of Halifax, Leeds, and Bradford all in the county of
York. Patent Agent and Consulting Engineer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF EARTHENWARE LINED SMOKING PIPES, CIGAR AND CIGARETTE
HOLDERS." A communication to me from abroad by Adam Burkard and Prosper
Galmark both of Antwerp in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I apply earthenware linings to pipes cigar holders and cigarette holders, in a
word to all smoking apparatus in the following manner.
By pressure I make the earthenware in a leaf like form, and by means of a
mould (or other suitable means) by pressure I form with this thin layer of
earthenware a lining fitting into the bowl of the pipe about one sixteenth part of
an inch in thickness, this lining holds the burning tobacco or fire; this hollow
lining can be made in a superior manner and garnished with a thin metallic rim,
or covering it is much lighter, and covers the whole of the interior of the pipe
head, and it is removable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Noah Paxman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1883.
JAMES NOAH PAXMAN of the firm of Davey, Paxman and Company, of the
Standard Iron Works, Colchester in the County of Essex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GOVERNORS FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES."
My Invention relates to improvements in governors on the quick-speed dead-
weight principle, and it has for its object 1t to render the governor capable of
adjustment whilst in motion so that the engine may be run and controlled by the
governor at any required speed.
In carrying out this part of the Invention a spring is applied to press upon the
dead weight and is preferably enclosed within a casing made of two telescopically
sliding parts of which the upper one is a cap confining the spring between it and
the dead weight, the said cap being pressed down by a nut screwing on a threaded
rod so connected to the top of the governor spindle as to be capable of remaining
stationary whilst the spindle is running.
In the normal working of the governor the whole of these parts revolvo together
but when it is required to run the engine at a different speed the cap may be
arrested and with it the nut and threaded rod and the compression of the spring
be varied by means of the adjusting nut whilst the governor continues in motion.
An index may be provided on the casing of the spring to indicate the amount of
its compression and the corresponding speed of the engine
Other means than a screw nut may be employed to regulate the compression of
the spring and the latter may be of various forms and be arranged and combined
with the governor in a variety of ways so as to attain the same end.
My invention has for its object secondly to prevent over running of the engine
in consequence of the running off of a belt or other accident causing the stoppage
of the governor and it consists in providing the piston of the dash pot by which
the working of the governor is controlled, with valves so arranged as to auto-
matically come into action only when the piston is moved quickly by the sudden
falling of the governor balls, the valves thereupon closing the orifices of the piston
and preventing the fall of the balls. The dash pot is a cylinder fitted with a
piston having orifices and filled with a suitable liquid which passes through the
said orifices from one side to the other of the piston as the latter is moved in the

page_text: cylinder. The valves are so arranged as to have no effect on the normal working
of the piston but on a sudden motion of the latter they are caused to close
against their seats over the orifices and prevent the further motion of the piston
The invention also consists in providing a thoroughfare connecting the two ends
of the cylinder which is normally closed by a cock, valve or other suitable means
whereby when the accident or other cause of stoppage of the former has been
rectified the liquid may be released from behind the said valves and the normal
action of the dash pot restored
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADS SPONGES AND MOPS FOR BATHS WASHING AND CLEANING CARRIAGES WINDOWS HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS ALSO APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS OTHER LIKE USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Jack at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1883.
CHARLES JACK of 38 Hall Street Goswell Road in the County of Middlesex,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PADS SPONGES AND MOPS FOR BATHS WASHING AND CLEANING
CARRIAGES WINDOWS HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS ALSO APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS
OTHER LIKE USEFUL PURPOSES
"
This invention relates to improvements in pads sponges and mops for baths
washing and cleaning carriages horses and other animals also applicable to various
other like useful purposes.
For this purpose according to my invention I construct a pad sponge or mop
with a reservoir to contain cleansing fluid or materials which can be discharged
therefrom in suitable quantities when in use by pressing a spring opening a valve
or other contrivance by which means the process of washing and cleaning can be
greatly facilitated
Reservoirs or receptacles of this character may be applied in accordance with my
invention to pads sponges or mops water and stable sponges flesh pads gloves paint
and varnish pads slate sponges pads for applying starch or size also for applying
lotions for surgical medical and other purposes.
The fluids or materials can be enclosed in the reservoirs or supplied thereto by
a tube as required
In applying my invention for cleaning horses and other animals washing
carriages windows and other like purposes I mount the sponge pad or mop upon a
screw ring so that it can be screwed on to the screwed end of a flexible hose pipo
connected to a stand pipe for supplying water. A suitable valve is mounted on
the end of the hose pipe so that the user by pressing a lever or spring can regulate
or cut off the supply of water as required
Water or other fluids may in like manner be supplied to a sponge flesh pad strap
or gloves for operating upon and cleansing the human body or for applying lotions
or other remedies thereto or for applying hair wash and dye to the hair
Paint and varnish pads or brushes for applying paint varnish starch size or oil
for various purposes in the arts and manufactures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRINTING CALICO AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cornelius Hindle and John Henshaw
Canavan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February
1883.
CORNELIUS HINDLE of Rawtenstall and JOHN HENSHAW CANAVAN of Salford,
both in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR PRINTING CALICO AND OTHER FABRICS
"
This invention relates to that part of a calico or other printing machine known
as the "doctor" which is employed for regulating the amount of color supplied
by the furnishing rollers to the printing roller. The "doctor" consists of a thin
strip of steel held between two plates or bars which are pivotted at their enda
and hold the edge of the steel strip or "doctor" against the surface of the furnishing
roller.
"
To the backplate of the "doctor we fix one end of a lever (either straight or
curved according to the position of the roller) and to the other end of this lever
we attach by a cord or wire, a spiral spring, the other end of the said spring being
connected to a pin or other attachment fixed to any convenient part of the frame
of the printing machine.
doctor" more
elastic and consequently more even and regular than heretofore, and the pressure
of the "doctor" against the surface of the roller can at any time be regulated by
lengthening or shortening the cord or wire so as to distend the spiral spring less or
more as the case may be.
This arrangement will be found to make the working of the "
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WALL COVERINGS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Fisher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1883.
SAMUEL FISHER of Herne Hill in the County of Surrey, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF WALL COVERINGS,"
This invention consists in saturating linen, cotton, jute or other textile fabric by
plunging it into oxidised oil made moderately hot which promotes its absorption by
the fabric or by saturating it in collodion and sulphur; it is then passed through a
roller press, or other means employed for getting rid of the superabundant oil,
and then hung in a hot chamber until thoroughly dry after which it may be
vulcanised.
The material treated as above is then stretched on frames and filled up to a
suitable face with oil and finely ground cork and painted as many times as may be
necessary. It is then printed on in oil colours, by blocks or cylinders and
afterwards varnished if a glossy or satin face is desired.
The advantage of this new material over paperhangings is, its durability-its
perfectly waterproof character and (owing to its entirely non-absorbent surface) a
capacity of being washed and cleaned any number of times without injury to the
pattern or surface.
By the employment of only non-poisonous paint in the manufacture, and those
not affected by deleterious gases, a highly sanitary and unchangable wall covering
is secured.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Samuel Fisher in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th November 1883.
.
SAMUEL FISHER of Herne Hill in the County of Surrey, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF WALL COVERINGS,"
This invention consists in saturating linen, cotton, jute or other textile fabric by
plunging it into oxidised oil made moderately hot which promotes its absorption
by the fabric; or by saturating said fabrics in collodion and sulphur; the fabric is
then passed through a roller press, or other means employed for getting rid of the
superabundant oil or saturating solution, and then hung in a hot chamber until
thoroughly dry after which it may be vulcanised.
The material treated as above is then stretched on frames and filled up to a
suitable face with oil and finely ground cork, and painted as many times as may be
necessary: it is then printed on in oil colours, by blocks or cylinders and afterwards
varnished, if a glossy or satin face is desired.
The advantage of this new material over paperhangings is, its durability—its
perfectly waterproof character and (owing to its entirely non-absorbent surface) a
capacity of being washed and cleaned any number of times without injury to the
pattern or surface.
By the employment of only non-poisonous paint in the manufacture, and those
not affected by deleterious gases, a highly sanitary and unchangeable wall covering
is secured.
.
I claim wall covering made of textile fabric and finished in oil colours in lieu of
paper bangings-substantially in the manner described or in manner analogous
thereto.
In witness whereof I the said Samuel Fisher have hereunto set my hand and seal
this 6th day of November A.D. 1883.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANVAS BELTING
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Keil Tullis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1883.
"
JOHN KEIL TULLIS of Glasgow. in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANVAS BELTING."
This Invention which relates to Improvements in the manufacture of canvas
belting has for its object to render such belting more durable and this without
destroying the flexibility of such belting.
In canvas belting as hitherto made it has been the practice to sew the same with
cotton or other fibrous sewing.
According to the present Invention canvas belting is sewn with copper wire, or
brass wire, or steel wire, or aluminium bronze wire, or wire of other suitable metal
and such belting may be wholly sewn with such wire, or with such wire in rows
between which the sewing of cotton or other textile or spun material is interposed.
Besides rendering such belting more durable, in the sense that the metallic
copper or other wire bearing against the pulley prevents the canvas from being so
quickly worn as hitherto, it also prevents the sewing from becoming undone and
the belt coming to pieces as under the existing modes of manufacturing canvas
belting.
Under a modification of this Invention instead of sewing the canvas together by
copper or other wire it may be held together by screwed studs of metal passed
through the canvas and riveted over on each side.
The canvas used for the purpose of this Invention may be either cotton canvas,
flax canvas, or wool canvas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMISING FUEL AND IN APPARATUS COMBINED THEREWITH
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Williamson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1883.
WILLIAM JOHN WILLIAMSON of Deptford in the County of Kent Engineer,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES FOR
CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMISING FUEL AND IN APPARATUS COMBINED
THEREWITH
"
This invention relates to improvements in the furnaces of Steam boilers
metallurgical and other like furnaces and to other descriptions of furnaces and
fire places in which flues are employed for carrying away smoke and other
products of combustion.
In carrying out my improvements certain arrangements of perforated bricks and
air passages are introduced into the bridges and flues beyond the grate bars
whereby combustion is promoted and smoke consumed and when applied to steam
boilers without the disadvantages resulting from cold air coming in contact with
the heated surfaces of the boiler,
The method of application of my improvements to steam boilers is as follows.
A hollow bridge is arranged just beyond the fire bars of the furnace with an
inlet for air just below the grate bars. This bridge has one or more perforations
on that side farthest from the fire for the escape of air to mix with the flame and
smoke.
Near the first hollow bridge there is a second hollow suspension bridge built
close up to the bottom of the boiler with perforations opposite to the former for
introducing air from pipes connecting the air chamber of the second bridge with
that of the first.
The amount of air introduced is controlled at pleasure by opening or closing a
door below the grate bars. This door is actuated by hydraulic apparatus as
follows
A cylinder of suitable dimensions is arranged in combination with a smaller
interior cylinder having a valve at the bottom to admit water at the time the fire

page_text: door is being opened by means of a chain or rod attached to the fire door. On
closing the fire door the water escapes from the inner cylinder through a valve
arranged for discharging the same.
The construction of other close furnaces for various purposes is effected in like
manner to suit any particular case or purpose.
My improvements may also be applied to ordinary stoves kitcheners and other
fire places
APPLIANCES TO BE WORN BY INVALIDS AND OTHERS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sainty at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1883.
JOHN SAINTY of East Dereham in the County of Norfolk
APPLIANCES TO BE WORN BY INVALIDS AND OTHERS "
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This invention has for its object improvements in appliances to bo worn by
invalids and others and consists in the suspension of an india rubber tube from
the inside of the upper part of the trousers. The tube has a pear shaped enlarge-
ment at the upper end which has straps of india rubber attached to it to
button or buckle to the trowsers to hold it in a convenient position when required
and also to hold the india rubber tube so that it may not protrude from the
bottom of the leg of the trowsers. The pear shaped reservoir has a slit cut in it
of convenient size to receive the penis when the apparatus is about to be used―
when the penis is withdrawn this slit closes and prevents any smell escaping from
the tube.
This invention reduces the liability of disease of the kidneys and bladder
occasioned by the collection in the bladder of the gritty matter that is emitted
from the glands of the kidneys. Owing to the necessity of waiting for soine
convenient receptacle or urinal to dispose of the urine the gritty matter settles and
consolidates forming a hard mass or stone.
"
The apparatus is also applicable in cases of partial or entire loss of power to
retain the urine providing a speedy exit for the urine as soon as it is emitted
from the kidneys into the bladder. It is discharged direct down the tube
which leads to the bottom of the trowsers onto the ground or drain grating
imperceptibly without altering the dress or undoing a button. The rubber tube
passes down inside the leg of the trowsers so the other foot obscures the view
of the operation when the apparatus is being used even in the crowded streets or
opposite a drawing room window.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ENABLING THE VEHICLES OF NARROW GAUGE RAILWAYS, AND TRAMWAYS TO RUN UPON BROAD GAUGE RAILWAYS, AND TRAMWAYS AND VICE VERSA"
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Hargrave at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1883.
"
HENRY WILLIAM HARGRAVE of Adelaide South Australia. IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR ENABLING THE VEHICLES OF NARROW GAUGE RAILWAYS, AND
TRAMWAYS TO RUN UPON BROAD GAUGE RAILWAYS, AND TRAMWAYS AND VICE
VERSA"
This Invention consists firstly of an axle turned as a screw at both ends, one end
as a right hand screw, and the other as a left hand screw, and the wheels "
respectively to revolve on the screws when required.
tapped"
Each end of the two threaded portions of the axle terminates abruptly with a
boss, wrought or fixed on the axle a a (Figure 1). Each boss having a projecting
piece at right angles to the circumference, y (Figure 3), the wheel bosses are also
supplied with similar pieces which project laterally as well as vertically, and
kkkk (Figures 3 and 1) the lateral projection amounting to about three quarters
of the lateral distance occupied by a turn of the screw or as much as may be found
necessary.
The wheel and axle bosses are supplied with bolt holes m (Figure 3) to admit of
the insertion of a bolt through both when the vehicles are required to run upon a
uniform gauge.
The axle bosses bb are made to act as a wheel to which a break is applied
when it is required to alter the position of the wheels from one gauge to another.
Secondly I employ as is represented in Figure 2 a converging line of rails with
guard rails on the inner sides which is connected with both the broad and narrow
gauges, this length of line which is laid down at the break of gauge depends
upon the diameter of the vehicle wheels and the thread of the axle screw.

page_text: withdrawn the axle break is applied to bb and the vehicles are drawn over the
diverging lines Xx the wheels gradually screwing themselves outwards till the
broad gauge is reached; at this point the projections y and z (Figure 3) meet,
stopping the revolutions of the wheels and bringing the bolt holes m in the same
horizontal straight line. The bolts n n (Figure 2) are now replaced the wheels
occupying the position indicated by the strong lines cc (Figure 1) the axle break
is taken off, the narrow gauge engine passes out of the way by the siding n
(Figure 2) and the vehicles are ready to proceed on the broad gauge.
The change from broad to narrow gauge takes place on the same principle, the
wheels running inwards on the axle.
To suit both gauges two distinct sets of breaks are fixed upon the break
carriers and are worked by the same lever.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Unger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1883.
JULIUS UNGER of Cannstadt in the Empiro of Germany Engineer "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS"
According to this invention the improved Lamps are constructed with a brass
tube containing a liquid hereinafter described in which liquid is immersed a float of
less specific gravity than the liquid. A carbon rod is supported by this float so as
to be continually pressed upwards against an iron cylinder, being guided by two
copper guides, screwed to the brass tubo. The iron cylinder is suspended from &
thin but wide spring of copper which is curved and screwed to the upper side of
the iron cylinder at its pendent end-The spring is soldered to a bent overhanging
rod of brass and allows the iron cylinder to be raised through a short distance
being guided in its movement by sliding on the said brass rod-The spring assists
to maintain the contact between the iron cylinder and the end of the carbon rod
in case of the latter being accidentally pulled or jerked away and also opposes a
gentle and steady counter pressure to regulate the pressure of the float. The
overhanging brass rod is passed through an insulating ring secured to the brass
tube and is capable of turning therein so as to enable the iron cylinder to be
swung to either side clear of the carbon rod for the purpose of enabling a burnt
out rod to be removed and a new one inserted. At the lower part of the brass
tube is a brass ring or socket provided with a binding screw to which the conducting
wire may be connected. The current enters at this terminal, passes along the brass
tube and the contact making guides to the carbon rod. The current passes from
this rod to the iron cylinder, the copper spring and brass rod to the second binding
screw on the end of the latter where it leaves the lamp.
The liquid contained in the brass tube is of such a nature as to increase the
illuminating capacity of the carbon such for example as a solution of chloride of
zinc in water this liquid being absorbed by the carbon the water evaporates and
the chloride of zinc remains in the pores of the carbon wheroby the lighting power
of the latter is greatly increased,

page_text: Lamps constructed as herein before described present the advantage that the
carbon rod is fed up steadily with the absence of any complication or regulators
and loss of power is thus avoided, the illuminating power of the carbon being at
the same time increased by the absorption of the liquid.
By turning the wood ring the end of the carbon rod above the guides can be set
larger or smaller and the light itself be thereby regulated.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PICK AND HANDLE
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Crooks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1883.
JABEZ CROOKS of Masbrough in the Parish of Eckington in the County of Derby
"A NEW OR IMPROVED PICK AND HANDLE
My invention relates to a construction of pick and handle with means of fixing
the pick on the handle in such a manner that, whilst the handle can be made of
suitable thickness for the hand of the operator, there is no excessive width at tho
eye of the pick, which is held securely, and, even if it becomes loose, cannot run
down the handle to such a position as would involve danger to the operator. For
this purpose, 1 fit on the end of the handle a metal socket of approximately
elliptical form, wide lengthways of the pick, and comparatively thin crossways, the
exterior of the socket tapering to an increased width at its outer end. One of the
edges of the socket, instead of extending to its full width, is cut away in a sloping
direction, and a wedge piece fitting the space thus left is jointed to the outer end
of the socket in such a way that it can be turned on its joint either to stand
outwards in line with the handle, or to lie inwards fitting the space loft at the
edge of the socket, and when it is in the latter position, a tooth projecting from
the inner face of the wedgo pieco enters a corresponding recess in the socket, so as
to prevent the wedge piece from moving lengthways. The pick is made with an
eye fitting the socket where its width is least, in which position it lies against a
projecting shoulder of the socket so that it cannot slide along the handle. In
putting a pick on the handle, the wedge piece is turned outwards on its joint, and
the eye of the pick then passes freely on to the socket from its outer end. The
wedge piece is then turned back so as to make up the socket to its full width, and
the pick being pushed a little outwards, its eye takes a firm hold on the taper of
the socket. In order to make up for wear, the socket is slit lengthways along its
two sides, so as to allow it to be sprung a little in width by driving a wedge into
the end of the handle. As this wedging, by compressing the wood of the handle in
one direction, would tend to widen out the wood and the socket transversely, I
make each of the ends of the two parts into which the socket is divided by the
Bide slits with a cross bar of metal, to prevent expansion of the socket transversely.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ADVERTISING
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1883. Communicated
to him from abroad by Charles Fulgence Herbelot, of Paris, France
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the firm of A. M and W. Clark of 53 Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF ADVERTISING." [Communicated to him from abroad by
Charles Fulgence, Herbelot, of Paris, France]
The new method of advertising which constitutes this Invention consists in
providing and putting into circulation tickets or vouchers in the form of a cheque
to bearer and having a definite value assigned to them which is indicated in bold
characters as on Bank notes.. These tickets or vouchers are in the first instance
given away gratis by way of bonus on a purchase, by traders, and are received in
part payment of other purchases by other traders who have agreed to do so, the
balance being payable in cash. In other words these tickets or vouchers entitle a
purchaser to a discount on the value of all purchases made. The object of this
arrangement is to induce the holder or purchaser to retain the vouchers until he
has made use of them in the way above mentioned. In effect he is thus directly
interested in preserving them carefully inasmuch as on making fresh purchases at
establishments indicated upon the vouchers or on a general list, he will obtain a
discount on the price of the goods purchased.
If for example it be arranged that the vouchers' shall be received in respect of
one-fifth the payment will be effected four-fifths in cash and in the said vouchers
to the extent of one-fifth. By making purchases at other establishments and
paying in vouchers one-fifth of all cash transactions, the purchaser when he has
exhausted the vouchers received from the establishinent at which he made his first
purchase will have benefitted by discounts to an aggregate amount equal to the
actual sum expended by him in the first instance.
In virtue of this arrangement it will be seen that this mode of advertising
presents considerable advantages on other known modes as purchasers have not
only constantly in their possession the names and addresses of certain commercial
establishments, but they are compelled in their own interest to deal exclusively
with them.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1883.
WILLIAM JONES of Bangor in the County of Carnarvon
FLUSHING APPARATUS
"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
One of the greatest sources of waste of water is the constant trickle that goes on
in most water closets; now my invention is designed to produce a flushing
arrangement that shall make this constant leakage through the closet an
impossibility.
I construct my stand pipe so that it shall project about 1 inch above the over-
flow of the cistern. Over the stand pipe end I hang from the ordinary pull-lever
a drum closed at the top but with an annular passage for water round the pipe at
the bottom about equal in area to the cross section of the stand pipe
The mode of action is as follows. The cistern being at ball-cock-level the water
closet handle is pulled and by its connections the pull lever also This raises the
drum and with it the water therein as it can only slowly escape through the
annular orifice the water overflows from the drum into the stand pipe and thus
forms a syphon and flushes the closet. The syphon being destroyed by the air in
the cistern entering the drum the cistern fills again through the ball-cock ready
for a fresh flushing.
This invention is applicable for flushing urinals and other places besides water
closets and if instead of an open annular orifice there be a close fitting drum with
a valve at the bottom the apparatus can be used for slowly acting automatic
apparatus.
.
The shape of the drum is immaterial so long as it surrounds the pipe, is covered
at top, and has an orifice of about the right area at bottom, and the cubical contents
are sufficient to form a syphon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES, BOOTS, GAITERS, CORSETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO PURSES, POCKET BOOKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hinks and Francis Robert
Baker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March
1883.
JOHN HINKS of Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Steel pen Manufacturer,
and FRANCIS ROBERT BAKER of the same place, Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES, BOOTS, GAITERS, CORSETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
DRESS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO PURSES, POCKET BOOKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
"
For one of our Improvements we attach a ball or knob to an oblong plate with
a portion raised to form a neck to the ball. To attach it to the glove we pass
the ball through a strip of tape and then through the Glove; we then sew the tape
to the glove and thus firmly secure the fastening to the glove.
We form the other part of the fastening of a wire formed into a kind of eyelet
with two projecting arms. The eyelet is slightly smaller than the ball and when
pressed on the ball it springs open in order to pass over the centre of the ball and
closes again round the neck of the knob or ball. To fasten the eyelet to the
glove we pass it through a strip of tape, double the tape over the arms and sew it
to the Glove.
The Eyelet may also be made out of flat metal split at the junction of the two
arms which causes it to yield or open to the pressure of passing it over the ball or
knob. We form the wire or flat metal eyelet so as to put a small ball or projection
at its front edge to facilitate the fastening of the glove.
Another Improvement consists of a flat plate of steel or other metal with a
spring formed in it. To this plate we attach a button with a broad flat shank or
stem by rivetting it loosely so that it may be turned by the fingers.
The End of the spring is turned up so as to form a stop to the button, preventing
it giving more than a half turn.-To form an eyelet for this button we take a flat
piece of metal and form one end of it as an open ring, the back part of the piece
of metal being fastened to the glove.
The opening in the ring is sufficiently large to allow the narrow edge of the
neck of the button to pass in, but when the button is turned, it presents its broad
side to the opening and cannot escape
To unfasten the glove the button must be turned when it readily slides out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Croft Nicholson and John
Dixon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1883.
WILLIAM CROFT NICHOLSON, of No. 31, Goodwin Street, in the town and county
of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull, Mechanic, and JOHN DIXON, of No. 42,
Goodwin Street, Kingston-upon-Hull, aforesaid, Mechanic "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES
دو
This invention relates to the construction of an improved apparatus to be
connected to a steam engine and boiler for the purpose of effecting the return of
the exhaust steam uncondensed from the engine to the boiler instead of such steam
being blown off or condensed, thereby effecting a large saving in the consumption
of fuel.
In carrying out our invention we employ a pair of cylinders communicating
with one another at the top, from which a pipe leads to the boiler. The bottoms
of the cylinders are in communication with a pipe receiving the exhaust steam
from the engine. In each cylinder works a piston with suitable valves the one
piston being at the top of its stroke while the other piston is at the lower end of its
stroke. The piston rods of the said pistons may be operated by cranks or eccentrics
from the crank shaft of the engine. Suitable valves are provided where required to
prevent back pressure of the steam.
By this construction of apparatus it will be evident that the exhaust steam will
be drawn alternately into the hereinbefore described cylinders and forced therefrom
into the boiler by the reciprocating notion of the cylinders,
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Withinshaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1883.
JOHN WITHINSHAW of Birmingham in the County of Warwick Mechanical
Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
"
My invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner herein after
described the parts of steam boilers whereby great economy in the production of
steam is effected.
I make the body of the boiler preferably of a cylindrical shape with hemi-
spherical ends and I fix in the lower side of the boiler a series of chambers.
These chambers are closed at top and open at bottom so that the flame and heated
air of the furnace have access to their interiors. The said chambers extend to a
height in the boiler somewhat below the water level.
The lower ends of these chambers are contracted in diameter and terminate in
flanges which are rivetted to holes in the bottom of the boiler. In each of these
chambers is a series of vertical water tubes the said water tubes opening into the
water space of the boiler at the tops of the chambers and at bottom at the
shoulders formed at the contracted lower part of the chambers. One two or more
rows of these chambers may be fixed in the boiler. When I employ two or more
rows I prefer to arrange them so that their axes are not in vertical planes at right
angles to the axis of the boiler but in planes oblique to the axis of the boiler.
By this arrangement the chambers are kept near the lowest point of the boiler and
can be made longer than when at a greater distance from the lowest point. They
are also more easily fixed in their places and are readily cleaned.
The flame and heated air passing under the bottom of the boiler having free
access to the interiors of the said chambers the water tubes in them are strongly
heated and a rapid circulation and heating of the water results.
The flame and heated air after passing under the boiler return along one side
and crossing at the front of the boiler return along the other side and pass to the
chimney stack
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLDERING IRONS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Octavius Fry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1883.
JAMES OCTAVIUS FRY, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
'IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLDERING IRONS."
My improved soldering iron consists of a copper bit of suitable size and shape
having a recess on the top side, said bit is rivetted or otherwise secured to a hollow
boss or ferrule, which covers part of the copper bit, the boss or ferrule either forms
part of or is secured to a hollow receptacle of suitable shape and length bored
slightly conical inside, the greatest diameter being the farthest from the copper bit,
the receptacle is screw threaded exteriorly a part of its length, and is screwed into
a cap. of iron provided with a wood handle, when in use solder. is placed in the
recess in the copper bit, after it has been heated, and after the ends of the wires to
be soldered together, have been treated with a solution of spirits of salt, they are
put together and placed in the liquid solder in the recess of the copper bit, the
solder immediately covers the parts treated with the solution and firmly solders
them together, the recess in the copper bit is of such size and shape as to hold
sufficient solder to make six or more joints each time the bit is heated, the
remaining solder is allowed to run into the hollow receptacle before named until
the bit is re-heated, by such means I am enabled to solder together the ends of
telegraph or telephone wires, or other metal terminals in considerably less time and
with less waste of solder than heretofore.