Manufacture of Saponaceous Products from Petroleum or other Mineral Oils.
Year: 1899

page_text: Complete Specification Left, 25th Sept., 1900-Accepted, 25th Jan., 1901.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Manufacture of Saponaceous Products from Petroleum or other
Mineral Oils.
We, SAM DYSON, of The Atlas Works, Elland, in the County of York, Soap
Manufacturer, and JOHN GASKELL, of 122, Queens' Gate, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Our invention relates to the treatment of petroleum or other mineral oils, so
as to obtain therefrom a saponaceous article which can be used in the manu-
facture of all kinds of soaps; or for lubricating purposes, wool cleansing, sheep
dip, liquid fuel, and insecticide and for various other purposes as hereinafter
set forth.
We combine with petroleum or with any other mineral oil in a steam jacketed
pan fitted with an agitator of the usual type; fatty acids such as olean or oleaic
acid, in certain definite proportions the agitator working meanwhile. We then
apply heat and raise the temperature of the product to a given point, when a
saturated solution of caustic potash or potash and soda, combined also in certain
proportions is gradually added; the agitator still working by these means we
produce a compound; miscible and soluble in water and saponaceous; which will
easily mix with other compounds, and especially with the raw materials used
in the production of hard and soft soaps either by boiling it with them or it may
be crutched into finished soaps. It can also be used as a lubricant, wool cleanser,
sheep dip, insecticide or liquid fuel, and for insulating all kinds of electric
telephonic and telegraphic materials and fittings.
Natal this 95th day of N
J. 1900
SAM DYSON.
JOHN GASKELL.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Manufacture of Saponaceous Products from Petroleum or other
Mineral Oils.
We, SAM DYSON, of The Atlas Soap Works, Elland, in the County of York, Soap
Manufacturer, and JOHN GASKELL, of 122, Queen's Gate, in the County of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention has for its object, to obtain from petroleum or other mineral

page_text: oil a saponaceous product, hereinafter called petroleum emulsion, which is suit-
able as a base or raw material for the manufacture of all kinds of soap, also for
lubricating and other industrial purposes, as hereafter specified.
We combine with petroleum or other suitable mineral oil a fatty acid or a
glyceride of a fatty acid, such as oleic acid, olein, stearic acid or stearin, in
certain proportions, by mixing these materials together in a receptacle fitted with
a mechanical agitator, and maintained at a suitable temperature by means of a
steam jacket or other convenient means, gradually adding a suitable quantity
of caustic potash or a mixture of caustic potash and caustic soda, and subse-
quently adding water, while maintaining the temperature and constantly stirring.
For instance, to produce from petroleum by means of oleic acid an emulsion
soluble in or miscible with water, we add to 100 pounds of petroleum at least
10 pounds of oleic acid, preferably from 20 to 25 pounds (according to the nature
of the required product) in a jacketed pan, we heat the mixture to a temperature
ranging between 120 and 140° Fah., and gradually add caustic potash solution
of 40° Bé., at the rate of 2 pound to each pound of oleic acid employed.
This produces a uniform and transparent petroleum jelly, which is miscible
with water, and which may be used for the various purposes hereinafter described,
but we find that more perfect saponification is produced by diluting this jelly
with from 20 to 50 per cent. of water, while maintaining the temperature and
continuing the agitation, the result being a uniform petroleum emulsion which
is readily miscible with hot or cold water in any proportions, and which can be
more easily mixed with soft soap or other saponaceous compounds, than is the case
with the petroleum jelly described above.
The quantity of alkali used for the saponification may be varied according to
the nature of the product required; for instance, emulsions intended for the
manufacture of insecticide, sheep dip, lubricants and similar products should be
neutral, whilst for most kinds of soap an excess of alkali is beneficial.
The temperatures mentioned above have given the best results, although an
emulsion may be formed at a temperature about 10 degrees higher or lower than
the limits stated. If an emulsion is made at atmospheric temperature and then
allowed to stand, its constituents tend to separate in a short time. In exceptional
cases a temperature higher than 150° Fah. may be used, and it may be necessary
in the case of fatty acids having a high melting point.
Instead of petroleum, such as kerosene or lamp oil, we may use other mineral
oils which are liquid at the temperatures used in the process, whether such oils.
are derived from the distillation of petroleum, tar, bituminous shale, or from other
sources; instead of oleic acid we may use stearic, palmitic, or similar fatty acid,
and instead of olein, we may use stearin, or palmitin, according to the nature of
the product desired.
We are aware, that previous to our invention stearin has been mixed with
a quarter of its weight of paraffin and then saponified, but we are not aware, that
it was ever found practicable to permanently incorporate more than 25 per cent.
of paraffin, or to produce olein soap in the same manner, and we do not propose
to make saponaceous products with stearin containing less than 25 per cent. of
mineral oil.
The petroleum emulsion and petroleum jelly obtained as described may be used
as raw materials or intermediate products in the manufacture of soft or hard soap,
sheep wash, insecticide, lubricants, and varnish.
To produce bright and clear soft soap in much shorter time, than that necessary
by the ordinary methods, we take 800 pounds of the petroleum emulsion, add to it
200 pounds of oleic acid or olein, and from 150 to 200 pounds of caustic potash
solution at 30° Bé., according to the strength of soap required, and thoroughly
mix the said materials by means of a mechanical mixer, until the caustic liquor
has been absorbed. The quantity of oleic acid may be varied, according to the
quality of soap required, and instead of saponifying with caustic potash alone,
we may use caustic potash and finish with caustic soda.

page_text: To produce hard soap, we take soap made from animal or vegetable fat by
any of the known methods, place the same in a mixing pan and gradually mix.
with it a quantity of petroleum emulsion varying between 20 and 50 per cent, of
the weight of the finished product, by means of the ordinary crutching apparatus
used in soap works.
This addition considerably reduces the cost of the soap and increases its
cleansing and detergent properties, whilst it also gives to the soap antiseptic
properties, and makes it a powerful disinfectant.
To produce sheep wash, we take 100 pounds of the petroleum emulsion and
add liquid carbolic acid, until the solution becomes clear and bright (in practice
we find 20 per cent. a convenient quantity), mixing them together mechanically,
This produces a preparation which is perfectly soluble in water, has powerful
antiseptic properties, and is specially adapted for destroying parasites found on
sheep, goats, and other animals from which wool is obtained, at the same time
it thoroughly cleanses the fleeces.
To produce insecticide, we dilute the petroleum emulsion with about one gallon
of water to about one quarter of a pound of the petroleum. More or less of the
emulsion may be used according to the plants requiring treatment, and this will
be found effective, in killing insects on trees, grape vines, and other plants.
To produce lubricants, we make petroleum emulsion from one of the heavy
oils by the process described above, and mix the said emulsion with tallow, or
other animal fat, to obtain grease; or we mix it with oils, such as olive or rape
seed oil, to obtain lubricating oils.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is: -
1. The process for the manufacture of a saponaceous product from a mixture of
fatty acid or glyceride of fatty acid, such as oleic acid, olein, stearic acid, stearin,
palmitic acid, or palmitin with mineral oil, which consists in saponifying the said
mixture at a temperature ranging between 110 and 150° Fah., while constantly
stirring, substantially as described.
2. The process for the manufacture of a saponaceous product from a mixture of
mineral oil with at least 10 per cent. of a fatty acid or glyceride of a fatty acid,
such as oleic acid, olein, stearic acid, stearin, palmitic acid or palmitin, which
consists in heating the said mixture to a temperature ranging between 110 and
150° Fal., and gradually adding caustic potash solution or a mixture of caustic
potash and caustic soda solution, while constantly stirring, substantially as
described.
3. The process for the manufacture of a saponaceous product from a mixture of
mineral oil with at least 10 per cent. of a fatty acid or a glyceride of a fatty acid,
such as oleic acid, olein, stearic acid, stearin, palmitic acid or palmitin, which
consists in heating the said mixture to a temperature ranging between 110 to
150° Fah., gradually adding caustic potash solution or a mixture of caustic soda
and caustic potash solution, and subsequently water, while constantly stirring,
substantially as described.
4. The process for the manufacture of soft soap, which consists in adding to
800 parts of the petroleum emulsion described above, about 200 parts of olein
or oleic acid and 150 to 200, parts of caustic potash solution of 30° Bé., and
thoroughly mixing the said materials until the caustic liquor has been absorbed,
substantially as described.
5. A gelatinous product composed of fatty acid or a glyceride of fatty acid and
mineral oil amounting to at least 30 per cent. of the quantity of the glyceride. or
fatty acid, together with alkali and water, the whole constituting a transparent
and uniform product miscible with water, substantially as described.
6. An emulsion composed of fatty acid or a glyceride of fatty acid, and
mineral oil amounting to at least 30 per cent. of the quantity of the glyceride or

page_text: fatty acid, together with alkali and water, the whole being obtainable sub-
stantially as described.
7. Soft soap made from the petroleum emulsion or petroleum jelly specified
above, olein or oleic acid, and caustic potash solution, substantially as described.
S. Hard soap made from ordinary soap and the petroleum emulsion or jelly
described above.
9. Sheep wash made from the petroleum emulsion or jelly described above
and carbolic acid solution.
10. An insecticide made from the petroleumi emulsion or jelly described above
and water.
11. lubricant made from the petroleum emulsion or jelly described above and
animal fat or vegetable oil.
12. The above described processes for the manufacture of saponaceous products
containing mineral oil.
Dated this 20th day of September 1900).
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
Agents,
87, and 39, Essex Street, Strand, London