A NEW METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAIL CLOTH WITH SINGLE OR DOUBLE THREAD WARP, WITHOUT STARCH OR ANY SUBSTITUTE FOR STIFFENING, AND WITHOUT THE DOUBLE THREADS BEING TWISTED TOGETHER
Year: 1804

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MICHAEL
SCARTH, of Castle Eden, in the County of Durham, Sail Cloth Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, by His Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of September, in the forty-fourth
year of His reign, did give and grant unto me, my exors, admors, and
assigns, His especial licence, during the term of fourteen years therein
expressed, to make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, the Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A NEW METHOD
OF MANUFACTURING SAIL CLOTH WITH SINGLE OR DOUBLE THREAD WARP, WITHOUT
STARCH OR ANY SUBSTITUTE FOR STIFFENING, AND WITHOUT THE DOUBLE THREADS
BEING TWISTED TOGETHER," and did thereby require and strictly command all
and every person and persons within England, the Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, that neither they, nor any of them, during the
continuance of the said term of fourteen years, either directly or indirectly,
should make, use, or put in practice the said Invention, nor in anywise coun-
terfeit, imitate, or resemble the same, nor should make or cause to be made
any addition thereunto or substraction from the same, without the licence,
consent, or agreement of me, .my exors, adññors, or assigns, in writing under
mine or their hands and seals first had and obtained; in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Michael Scarth, particu-
larly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, to be enrolled in the High Court of Chancery within one
calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Michael Scarth, do by these Presents describe and ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as follows,
that is to say-
My New Method of Manufacturing Sail Cloth with Single or Double
Thread Warp, without Starch or any Substitute for Stiffening, and without
the Double Threads being Twisted together, consists in arranging the yarn
of the warp in such manner that most of the loose ends of the fibres of each
thread point towards the yarn beam during the operation of weaving. I mean
by the loose ends of the fibres such as in spinning are not covered by other
fibres, and which are left projecting from the thread. Most of these loose
ends lie much inclined to the direction of the thread when extended, and point
towards the end last twisted in hand-spun yarn, and towards the end first
twisted in mill-spun yarn. By the present methods of manufacturing sail
cloth no attention is paid in the arrangement of the threads of the warp to the
direction of the loose ends of the fibres; but to prevent the loose ends from
entangling with each other and injuring or pulling the threads in pieces in the
operation of weaving, the loose ends are made to adhere to the threads by
starch or other stiffening, or are confined by the twisting of two or more
threads together. For arranging the yarn of the warp according to my
new method, so that most of the loose ends of the fibres on the threads point
towards the same end of the warp, I warp the number of threads necessary
for a bolt or web by drawing out the threads to the length required in
one continued length, or upon a common warping frame or machine. When
the number of threads drawn out at one time is not sufficient, I cut them at
the proper length and repeat the operation until thc requisite number is
obtained; or instead of cutting the threads, as last described, I warp two
lengths together by continuing. the threads backwards and forwards, or by
reversing the motion of the warping machine, keeping the threads in each
direction distinct, and after the requisite number is obtained I cut the same
into two warps at the turnings. When the yarn is spun in long sheds and
lain into warps without the threads being reeled or wound up, I spin each
thread of the entire length required for a warp without any splice, which
length is about fifty yards for a bolt of sail cloth of about thirty-eight yards
long; and in beaming each warp. for weaving, that end which I wind first.

page_text: upon the yarn beam is the end towards which the loose ends of the fibres point,
the threads at the other end of the warp being afterwards drawn through the
harness and slay. I do not claim these methods of spinning, warping, and
beaming, as new Inventions, farther than as they are applied in arranging the
threads of the warp in such manner that most of the loose ends of the fibres
may lye in the direction first described during the operation of weaving, by
which arrangement single thread or double thread warp may be wove into
good sail cloth without using starch or any substitute for stiffening, or without
the double threads being twisted together.
In witness whereof, I, the said Michael Scarth, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, the Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and four.
MICHAEL (L.S.) SCARTH.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord 1804, the aforesaid Michael Scarth came before our said Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the
Statutes made for that purpose.