matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1880.
WILLIAM EDWARD JONES, of Clifton, in the County of Gloucester, Artist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES."
My Invention has reference to improvements in horse shoes, whereby great
freedom is afforded to the horse's feet for contraction and expansion without
hindrance.
The rigid shoes now made do not permit the feet of the horse to spread out at
the hind part, thus causing the animal pain, and preventing the free action of the
muscles. The rigidity of the shoe also prevents it from remaining fast on his foot,
as the nails are loosened by the spreading tendency of the horse's foot. Thus one
of two main evils occur, viz., either pain to the horse by the want of elasticity in
the shoc, or the shoe becomes loose.
By my Invention I obviate these evils in the following manner:-My improved
shoe is composed of two or more parts so fastened to the horse's hoof as to leave
the utmost liberty for either expansion or contraction. My improved shoe is
composed of two main parts, which are nailed to the two sides of the horse's hoof.
These parts are either hinged at the front by being halved or slotted together with
a pin passed through, or the joint inay be covered by a plate cither on the top or
the underside of the lap; or the joint may be made by a thin plate on the inner
or outer edge of the shoc; in any case, and however the joint may be made, liberty
is afforded for the free expansion of the two sides of the foot with the two sides of
the shoe quite independent of each other. I also make the sides of the shoes broad
and rapidly tapered, so as to give a large surface of bearing to the foot, and I
generally undercut the shoe at the inside of the front to give a better grip to the
ground, and in some cases I turn the shoe upwards at its back ends to protect the
foot by forming a stop. The nail holes would generally be oblong latterally, and
the front end of the shoes would be thick.
These shoes may, according to my Invention, be made from any metal or in any
design.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PACKING CASES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Goss at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1880.
JOHN Goss, of Gutter Lane, Cheapside, in the City of London.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PACKING CASES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of packing cases or
boxes made of wood, whereby they are rendered much stronger than packing cases
of the ordinary construction.
For this purpose, according to my improvements, the heads or ends are made
deeper than the sides by the thickness of the top and bottom, and are rabbeted on
either edge and under cut, thus affording a solid bearing for the top and bottom to
rest on, and by their being nailed into the latter, and through their own edges make
them capable of resisting very great pressure or blows from the outside. The tops
and bottoms are also nailed into the heads (the nails being advantageously driven
in a slanting direction) rendering it impossible for the case to be opened without
leaving traces, thereby insuring security of the contents.
These cases will be found so strong as to obviate the use of hooping, thus
effecting an important saving in cost.
This improved deep end packing case possesses the following advantages over
those of the old construction, viz., strength, security, and economy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING AND INDICATING THE SPEED OF STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER ENGINES WORKED BY FLUID PRESSURE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Durham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1880.
FREDERICK WILLIAM DURHAM, of Station Road, New Barnet, in the County of.
Herts. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING AND INDICATING THE
SPEED OF STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER ENGINES WORKED BY FLUID PRESSURE."
My Invention relates to apparatus for governing and indicating the speed of
steam engines and other engines worked by fluid pressure, so constructed and
operating as to combine simplicity and durability with great sensitiveness. For
this purpose I mount within a casing containing water or other liquid a propeller
having screw or other inclined blades, and I extend the spindle of this propeller
through suitable packing in the side or cover of the casing, and drive it by any
suitable gear from the shaft of the engine that is to be governed, the driving
being effected by a sliding feather or otherwise, so that whilst the propeller spindle
is caused to revolve it is free to slide to and fro longitudinally. The end of the
spindle is arranged to act in a thrust bearing against a weight or spring, which can
be adjusted to suit the speed at which the propeller is desired to revolve. The
casing in which the propeller works is made of such shape as to present such
internal obstructions that its liquid contents are prevented from rotating along
with the propeller. According as the propeller is caused to rotate with greater or
less velocity so will the reaction of the liquid cause it and its spindle to move more
or less longitudinally in opposition to the weight or spring, and the thrust bearing
of the spindle being connected to the throttle valve or other regulating valve of the
engine this valve will be more or less closed or opened, according as the propeller
revolves at more or less than its normal speed. The spindle being connected to an
index will by its position shew the speed of revolution. In cases where considerable
power is required to work the regulating valve of the engine I connect the spindle
of the governor to the slide of a subsidiary cylinder in which fluid under pressure
acts on a piston connected to the regulating valve. Instead of causing the propeller
to revolve within a stationary casing, the casing itself may be made to revolve
while the propeller is prevented from revolving, but is free to move in the line of
its axis.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS FOR BOOTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Owens at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1880.
THOMAS OWENS, of Long Acre, London.
& SHOES."
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS FOR BOOTS
This Invention consists in the construction of nails for boots or shoes to save the
sole of the boot, or when worn away, from getting damp in wet weather.
For this purpose I construct solid leather headed nails of any convenient thick-
ness, say, about 1/4 inch, and about $/, in diameter; they can be made either round,
oblong, square, or any desired shape. The shank or pin I make of the usual metal
with a small flat head. The shank or pin is secured through the centre of the solid
leather head, or the heads can be made of india rubber or any suitable substance.
By nailing a row of these nails down the centre of the sole of the boot or shoe, and
also one row on each side, and likewise one row round the heel, so raises the boot
off the ground, and allows the wet to pass through the rows of nails without
wetting the sole of the boot. When they are worn down or out, it is only to
withdraw them and replace with new ones.
OR IN FIXING SHEETS OF GLASS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Baines at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1880.
EDWIN BAINES, of Leeds, in the County of York.
OR IN FIXING SHEETS OF GLASS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GLAZING
The object of my Invention is to glaze roofs, greenhouses, conservatories, and
other places without the use of putty, at the same time dispensing with all perishable
materials used for holdfasts or clips, and what are known as upright laps; and for
this purpose, on each pane of glass I cast a glass shoulder or stud of such a length
as to clip or partially embrace the framework on which it is placed, at the same
time by its overlap on the previous laid pane produces a watertight joint, the parts
being kept together by the contact of the glass stud or shoulder with, the
framework.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CHECKING THE NUMBER AND AMOUNTS OF FARES ON OMNIBUSSES, TRAMCARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morgan Richards Francis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1880):
46
JOHN MORGAN RICHARDS FRANCIS, of 11, Old Jewry Chambers, in the City of
London. AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CHECKING THE NUMBER AND AMOUNTS OF
FARES ON OMNIBUSSES, TRAMCARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES."
This Invention consists of a book, the leaves of which are perforated into two,
three, four, or more divisions, according to the number of fares on the route.
The first division forms in each case the counterfoil, and the remaining divisions
may be marked with the amounts of the different fares, as, for example the end
division may be marked 1d., the next division 2c., and so on.
In the case of a penny fare the conductor or money taker has only to tear off one
division for the passenger, whilst in the case of a two penny or three penny fare he
will have to tear off two or three divisions respectively.
In lieu of the different fares being indicated by numbers on the separate divisions
the latter may be made of different colours to represent the different fares.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH PEN KNIVES AND POCKET KNIVES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1880. A communication
from abroad by Eugène Primat, of St. Eugene, Algeria,
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR CONNECTED WITH PEN KNIVES AND POCKET KNIVES." A communication
from abroad by Eugène Primat, of St. Eugene, Algeria.
The instrument which constitutes this Invention consists of a hollow metallic
cylinder flattened on its side and rounded at the ends. Its shape resembles that of an
ordinary penknife. The sheet metal enclosing the blade is fixed on a solid metal.
frame so as to form a case for holding the blades. One of the flat sides of the case
is pivoted at one end, so as to form a cover, which can be opened in order to seize
any of the blades. The upper end of the metallic frame has a lateral opening into
which fits exactly the base of the blade. After the blade has been put in its
position, the cover is shut, and a ringshaped slide which fits the casing with some
friction is moved to the top where it is held by a stop.
In order to keep the blade better in its place, one of the sides of the casing may
be provided with a spring, which engages in the ringshaped slide.
If the instrument is to be folded or closed after use, the slide is moved down, the
cover opened, the blade turned back into the casing, the cover again closed and the
slide moved to its upper position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Wich at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1880. A communication fromn
abroad by P. D. Hartkoff, of Solingen, Prussia.
FREDERICK WICH, of Nos. 8 and 10, Great Titchfield Street, London, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS." A communication from
abroad by P. D. Hartkoff, of Solingen, Prussia.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of scissors,
whereby they are made portable in a small compass, while the stength and utility
of the instrument are fully preserved.
"
The Invention consists in a particular application of hinges to the bows of the
scissors, and in making these bows of such dimensions that when they are opened
and extended they will meet above the points and form a shield to the closed
blades.
In making these pocket scissors,
I propose to make the bow in two pieces, which I hinge together in any
convenient manner; one end of the bow I then hingo to the blade or to the stem
of the blade, in which blade or stem I also make a groove or recess to receive and
form a catch for the free end of the bow, and I further curve the free end of each
bow so that the bows may catch and lock in each other.
Thus when it is.desired to pocket these scissors one end of each bow is pulled
out of its catch on the blade or stem, the bows are then extended by opening them
on their middle hinge, they are then turned on the hinges by which they are
secured to the blades or stems until the two freo ends meet, when they are locked
into each other immediately over the points of the blades to which they form a
shield, the blades being enclosed within tho extended bows as within a frame,
I may use any kind of hinge or catch for joining and locking the parts of this
pocket-scissor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING
Year: 1880

page_text: A com-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fortescue Flannery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1880.
munication from abroad by Luis Angel Lynch Irving, of Chili, Naval
Lieutenant.
JAMES FORTESCUE FLANNERY, of 9, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING."
A communication from abroad by Luis Angel Lynch Irving, of Chili, Naval
Lieutenant.
This Invention consists in the application to distilling apparat of the well
known principle that the boiling points of liquids are lowered by the reduction of
the pressure under which they are boiled; and the application of this principle is
effected in the following manner :-A condenser or primary distilling apparatus is
constructed from which the condensed fresh water may pass freely into the atmo-
sphere or a receptacle, and the circulating cold water passing outside the pipes is
so limited in quantity that its temperature shall become very great. It is evident
that this latter water being exposed to a sufficiently reduced pressure it will be
evaporated without the further introduction of heat; and the vapour arising from
it being condensed in a separate vessel a second supply of fresh water will be
obtained. Again this process may if desired be repeated in further condensing
vessels, and a third or even more extended additional supply of water may be
obtained. The production of the necessary partial or complete vacuum in the
secondary or other vessels may be produced by any convenient means, as by a
pump, or by the alternate opening and closing of communication of the vessels with
the atmosphere or with each other, and the vessels may be placed if necessary
This Invention may
under the soil or exposed to the flow of the water of the sea.
be applied to the production of fresh water, or to facilitate the evaporation
necessary in the preparation of nitrate, and to other purposes.
IMPROVED DRESS FOR SAVING LIFE AND PROPERTY AT SEA
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Solomon Chamanski at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1880..
SOLOMON CHAMANSKI, of 28, Rue de Rambuteau, Paris, Manufacturer.
IMPROVED DRESS FOR SAVING LIFE AND PROPERTY AT SEA."
.
" AN
In
This Invention consists of a garment made in one piece of waterproof material
covering the whole of the person with the exception of the face of the wearer.
making the garment I arrange a series of air chambers divided in front, side, and
rear, according as may be considered requisite. In connection with the air
chambers I arrange 2 or more tubes having a screw mouthpiece, by which means
In the event
the air chambers can be inflated with air at will by the wearer.
of one mouthpiece failing the other is always ready for use.
the garment I insert a piece of elastic, thus rendering it more adjustable to the
body, and suitable to either a stout or thin person. Over this I place a waterproof
covering tongue shaped at the top, which passing in front of the mouth and nose
acts as a shield for the wearer when the body is afloat.
In the breast of
In the inside of the garment I arrange pockets or receptacles which can be used
for protecting provisions or anything that may be considered necessary.
AN IMPROVED SLIDE FOR MAGIC LANTERNS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Doubell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1880.
EDWARD HENRY DOUBELL, of the Firm of Childe and Doubell, of West
Brompton, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED SLIDE FOR MAGIC
LANTERNS."
My Invention relates to an improved magic lantern slide, whereby to produce
upon the wall or screen a natural image or representation of falling rain.
The slide consists of an opaque plate with translucent lines, marks, or perforations
to represent the rain, in combination with a movable semi-transparent screen or
gauze, canvas, or other open fabric wound on rollers mounted on the slide, and to
which motion is imparted by winding it off one roller on to another, so as to
impart the desired appearance of falling motion to the images or representations of
the rain drops upon the screen. The slide may be a plate of glass rendered opaque
by a suitable coating through which the lines or marks are made to permit the
passage of luminous rays representing the rain; or instead of glass it may be talc,
or a thin sheet of wood, or perforated metal, or other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF DISCHARGING OR UNLOADING VESSELS AND IN APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Bruce Campbell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1880.
EDWARD BRUCE CAMPBELL, of Dublin, in the County of Dublin, Ireland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF DISCHARGING OR UNLOADING VESSELS AND
IN APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE,"
The said Invention is designed to effect improvements in the means of discharging
or unloading vessols in a simple, economical, and expeditious manner.
The first part of my Invention consists in the use of a box or truck constructed
and operated in the following manner:-I make the box or truck of suitable size
and shape of iron or other suitable material, which I mount on a carriage frame
carrying four wheels by means of a universal or ball and socket joint, so that the
said box or truck is capable of boing tilted in any required direction. At one end
of the box or truck is hinged to the top edgo thereof a falling leaf, which is held
secure by a clip formed on the end of a rod of iron passing underneath the bottom
of the box or truck. At the other end of this rod is formed a crank or lever
handle for the purpose of turning the rod and releasing the falling leaf when it is
desired to empty the box of its contents.
The wheels of the carriage frame are provided with flanges for the purpose
hereinafter described.
The second part of my Invention has reference to improvements in the erection
of a framework or stage partly resting on the vessel to be unloaded and on the
quay or wall along side which the vessel lies, on which framework or stage I
arrange suitably constructed rails for the purpose of carrying the box or truck
above described. The action of my said Invention may be thus described :-Tho
box or truck is lowered to the hold of the vessel, and upon being filled is hoisted
by the ordinary winch gear and landed on the rails formed on the stage or frame-
work, as above described, when it may be carried along to any distance required,
and its contents tilted not only in advance of the box or truck but to the right or
left, as may be desired. By this means the rails need not be so frequently removed
as when the contents can only be thrown out in one direction.
AN IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OBVIATING THE EFFECTS Or EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICAL DISTURBANCES ON TELEPHONIC LINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th August 1880. A communication from
abroad by Doctor Cornelius Herz, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
ss
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
AN IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OBVIATING THE EFFECTS Or
EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICAL DISTURBANCES ON TELEPHONIC LINES." [A communi-
cation from abroad by Doctor Cornclius Herz, of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
In telephonic as in telegraphic lines serious inconvenience results from the
interference of earth currents and other extraneous electrical disturbances. This
Invention relates to means of obviating the effects of such disturbances, for which
purpose the line wire instead of being led directly to earth from the receiving
instrument is made to terminate in a number of fine points extended over a
considerable area, and another set of such points in close proximity to the former
set communicate by a wire to earth. Thus electricity in passing from the one part
of the line to the other forms a brush, or passes by a diffused and silent flow from
the one set of points to the other. The space between the two sets of points may
be filled with a medium, such as alcohol, oil, or hydrocarbons, or with gas other
than air, or air or gas more or less rarefied. The diffusing apparatus instead of
being introduced between the receiver and earth, may be introduced in any
convenient part of the line, but the former arrangement is preferable. In the line
provided with the apparatus above described it is preferred to introduce condensers,
and to employ transmitting apparatus such as were described in a Provisional
Specification filed by me on the 9th July 1880, No. 2826, of an Invention
communicated to me from abroad by Cornelius Herz, the communicant of the
present Invention.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF REPULPING PAPER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1880. A commu-
munication from abroad by Charles Coon, of Saugerties, Lewis B. Adams, of
the same Place, and Morgan A. Dayton, junior, of Milton, both in the County
of Ulster, State of New York, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF REPULPING PAPER." [A communication
from abroad by Charles Coon, of Saugerties, Lewis B. Adams, of the same Place,
and Morgan A. Dayton, junior, of Milton, both in the County of Ulster, State of
New York, United States of America.]
Heretofore in utilising paper shavings, trimmings, and waste paper, it has been
customary to mix them with the rag stock and regrind them together, for the
reason that such paper if ground by itself has its fibre so torn and shortened as to
fail to unite in a web of sufficient tenacity. The utilisation of this paper is then
attended with all the delay of working up the original rag stock.
The object of the present Invention is to secure the utilisation of this stock to
form a quality of paper as good as that from which such stock was cut, and
without occupying more than a few hours for its manufacture. To this end the
Invention consists in causing the beater engine to operate upon such stock while
suspended in a bath of hot water or other liquid without regrinding.
In carrying out the Invention I take the stock and first boil it in a separate
vessel in the usual manner. Instead then of grinding this stock I place the same
in the beater and cause the beater to act upon such material while suspended in
hot water or other liquid. Heretofore the stock has received only the one heating
which was preliminary to the grinding, and after which cold water was used. The
use of cold water in the beater I find causes the fibre of the paper to set again by
cooling the size, so that the grinding between the first boiling and the final pulping
is absolutely necessary.
By the process of this Invention I use hot water in the beater, and its action is
such that the grinding is rendered unnecessary and yet the fibre is disintegrated
without being torn or shortened, so that pulp_which results therefrom is as good
for paper making as it was before it was made into the paper from which the stock
While this result is secured also I am enabled to reduce the stock into a
pulp and make it into paper within a few hours, instead of carrying it through the
ordinary process of pulping which requires a number of days.
came.
! MENTS IN ENGINES OR APPARATUS ACTUATED BY STEAM, COMPRESSED AIR, HYDRAULIC, OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cottame at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1880..
"
CHARLES COTTAME, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex. 'IMPROVE- !
MENTS IN ENGINES OR APPARATUS ACTUATED BY STEAM, COMPRESSED AIR,
HYDRAULIC, OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER."
This Invention relates to improvements in engines or apparatus actuated by
steam, compressed air, hydraulic, or other motive power, by which economy and
efficiency.are realized.
For this purpose I employ an ordinary axle or shaft to which is cast or fixed a
steam cylinder; this cylinder revolves with the axle or shaft, and is worked by
steam, water, gas, or any other motive power; its action differs from ordinary
cylinders in that instead of working horizontally it works vertically. Each time
the spindle revolves, the steam, water, or other power forces the piston upwards.
Round the piston rod (which protrudes from both ends of the cylinder) I fix a ring,
inside which two guide rods are placed (one on either side of the piston rod); their
duty is to prevent the piston rod turning when moved by the steam or other motive
power..
To this ring I fix arms; these arms push or.carry weights at their extreme ends.
The weights run on guides, or the arms of a large wheel, and the previous wheel
described is a loose wheel working within the larger one forced to its work by
steam or other motive power.
The method of applying the steam is as follows :—
I place a casting, which is a fixture with two holes in it, thus (: The steam
or other fluid enters at the bottom, and as the weights carry round the cylinder it
escapes at the top, at the same time steam is again applied at tho bottom to lift the
weights. Between this piece and the cylinder ports I place a movable arm with
openings in it, and by turning this arm to the right or left, the steam is allowed to
enter and escape at a different angle, and so the motion of the wheel is instantly
altered or reversed.
In steam and other motive power engines there are dead points, where the steam
or other power ceases to act, hence a dy wheel is used whose impetus carries it
past those points, but in this improved engine or apparatus there are no dead

page_text: points, for the instant the steam or other agent acts, the weights themselves become
a moving power until the steam is again supplied.
In a locomotive the steam has to act twice to force the wheels round once, but by
means of my improvements the same amount of steam will carry a carriage wheel
round 16 or 20 times; hence & smaller boiler will effect the same result as a larger
one, for during the interval which elapses the steam or other power is being raised
to a higher pitch.
This improved motivo power engine or apparatus can be made of any size or
power, and can be driven in either direction, driving either with belting, cog
wheels, or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OSCILLATING ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Wardle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1880.
JOHN WILLIAM WARDLE, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Surveyor.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OSCILLATING ENGINES."
My Invention relates to improvements in oscillating engines, and is more
especially applicable to steam engines whose cylinders oscillate upon trunnions in
the ordinary manner of marine engines, the object of the Invention being to
simplify the construction of such engines by dispensing with various levers and other
parts now in use, and it consists in constructing the steam chest and slide valve
independent of the cylinder, and so arranged that the said valve and steam chest
shall be fixed and stationary, and not oscillating with the cylinders, and I accom-
plish this in the following manner :-
In the construction of an ordinary oscillating steam engine, for example, I cast
on one side of the cylinder an ordinary trunion, and on the opposite side I cast an
enlarged hollow trunion; the inner or end face of this hollow or female trunion,
the interior of which is circular, is provided with two ports communicating with
the interior of the cylinder, and in the form of two short arcs struck from the
centre of the circular end.
The steam chest as before stated is separate from and independent of the
cylinder, and by preference forms a portion of the standard intended to support the
cylinder; it is provided with two steam ports and one exhaust port in the usual
manner.
A portion of the steam chest is elongated in a circular form to correspond and fit
into the female trunion, the end faces being made to fit accurately one against the
other; the two steam ports from the steam chest pass through the elongated portion,
and are similar in shape and correspond in position to those described in the
hollow or female trunion.
In the face of the elongated part of the steam chest I form two shallow recesses
or grooves in the shape of arcs struck from the same centre as the ports, but longer
than the said ports, which open into them, and of sufficient length to keep the ports
connected and open during the oscillation of the cylinder. The partly annular
recesses or are shaped grooves may be formed in the inner face of the hollow

page_text: trunion if desirable, or in both faces. The steam can be worked expansively by
an ordinary slide valve, and thereby does away with the more complicated valve
motion generally required to work the valves of ordinary oscillating steam engines.
My Invention is applicable to double cylinders, either by a central steam chest
forming two male trunions, or by placing a separate steam chest on the outer side
of each cylinder. My Invention is also applicable to water engines.
A PROCESS FOR REMOVING THE BITTERNESS OF LUPINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1880. A com-
munication from Fritz Schlaeger, of Insterburg, in East Prussia.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
v. Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Patent Agent. " A PROCESS
FOR REMOVING THE BITTERNESS OF LUPINES." (A communication from Fritz
Schlaeger, of Insterburg, in East Prussia.)
Heretofore it has been proposed to treat lupines for removing their bitterness by
means of salts and acids, but this is not a rational treatment. The object of this
Invention is to remove the bitterness in a simpler and cheaper manner by the
application of heat, all as hereinafter described. The modes of heating may be
various.
They are first heated to 210 to 220° F. about ten minutes time in a kiln or drum.
When applying a drum it is for practical purposes sufficient to carry the heating
so far that pretty strong currents of watery vapour escape therefrom. The heating
may also be done by pouring water on the lupines in a kettle or boiler until well
covered thereby, and the whole made to boil. The boiling must only be continued
a few minutes.
The lupines if heated dry, in the manner first named, are while hot put into a
suitable vessel and have water poured over them until well covered thereby, say
5 to 8 inches deep.
The lupines if boiled in water according to the other method are also thrown
into a suitable vessel, together with the water in which they were boiled.
In both cases they are left standing about 24 hours. The further treatment is
the same in both cases.
The water having taken up the greater part of the bitter ingredients and having
a bitter taste, is now poured or strained off and fresh water poured in. After
about 24 hours further rest, the aforesaid treatment is repeated for the third time,
and the lupines have then lost all bitterness.
The lupines may now in a mashed or whole condition, according to the mode of
feeding, be applied as a food for cattle. If intended to be kept some time it must
be dried first.
The lupines lose nothing as to nutritiveness; on the contrary the nutritrious
elements such as troteine, and fatty bodies are rendered more concentrated in form,
that is, they exist as a greater percentage of the lupines.
The method is simple and can be carried out by every farmer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RULES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Humphrey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1880.
JOHN THOMAS HUMPHREY, of Plaistow Bridge, in the County of Essex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RULES."
This Invention relates to the construction of measuring rules in such manner
as to form a combination of a measuring rule, protractor, bevil miter, set square,
and T square.
For this purpose the rule may be of any suitable length and made up of two or
more parts, but jointed so that two parts may turn on a pin joint, the pin being
provided with a screw at one of its ends, so as also by means of a thumb nut to
keep the parts connected together at the joint in one fixed position, or by removing
the pin from the joint to separate the parts held together thereby. I mark out on
one of the jointed parts and concentric with the pin different degrees or distances,
which on the other part being set to it and held in position by the screw and
thumb nut, allows of the rule being also used as a protractor or setter off of angles,
and as a set square of any desired angle.
For the purpose of a T square, adjustable to any angle, I provide one of the
jointed parts with a long slot and the other jointed part with a hole. I disjoint
the two parts by removing the pin and place them over each other crosswise, the
hole in the one part being immediately over the slot in the other; the two parts
are then jointed together by means of the screwed pin and thumb nut, removed
from the joint previously described, and thus an adjustable T square is formed.
AN IMPROVED VALVE FOR ADMISSION OF AIR INTO WATER PIPES AND THE LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Burton Richard Phillipson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents.on the 1st September 1880.
BURTON RICHARD PHILLIPSON, of 10, Lower Baggot Street, in the City and
County of Dublin, Ironmonger. "AN IMPROVED VALVE FOR ADMISSION OF AIR
INTO WATER PIPES AND THE LIKE."
This Invention is designed to supply air to water pipes so that they may be
drained, as, for instance, during frost, to prevent bursting. The valve is placed for
this purpose at or near the upper extremity of the pipes, and a draw off cock or
valve at the lowest point, so that this cock or valve may be opened to drain the
pipes.
The valve consists of a plunger, plug, or piston, usually of cylindrical shape,
formed of glass, stone, china, ebonite, or other non corrosive substance, having a
groove or grooves formed longitudinally in its periphery. The top of the plunger
is usually reduced in diameter and dished. It has play in a metal or other
cylinder or box, formed with adjustable screwed ends, whereby the play of the
valve can be regulated, and it can also be easily removed for cleaning or to insert a
new one.
I place a perforated washer or buffer of leather, india rubber, or similar material
in each of the aforesaid adjustable screwed ends, which are perforated for the
admission of air, one of them being furnished with a bent pipe. Pressure in one
direction therefore serves to open the valve, but in the reverse direction keeps it
closed.
A very important feature of my Invention is in the use of the glass or other
incorrodible valve, as not liable to become bound in its place like one formed of
metal.
IMPROVED BATH OR LIQUID COMPOUND FOR THE ELECTRO-DEPOSITION ALUMINIUM
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luis Alwyn Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1880.
LUIS ALWYN DAVIES, of West Brompton, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED BATH OR LIQUID COMPOUND FOR THE ELECTRO-DEPOSITION
ALUMINIUM."
"AN
OF
My Invention relates to an improved bath or liquid compound for the electro-
deposition of aluminium, the object of same being to provide means whereby I am
enabled to plato, coat, or cover metallic, surfaces with aluminium to any desired
thickness, for the purpose of protecting the same from oxidation, also for ornamenting
various metallic articles, and to be advantageously used as a substitute for
nickel.
In carrying out my Invention I take common alumn of commerce, and add to it
ammonia, the precipitato formed being alumina. I then throw this precipitate on
to a filter paper, wash it, and redissolve it in a hot solution of neutral tartrate of
potash. I then evaporate this solution nearly to dryness and redissolve it in
sulphuric acid. This salt is then crystallized out of the solution, and the crystals
dissolved in water. This solution forms the bath, which is then ready to be used
for the deposition of aluminium.
As an anode either a plate of aluminium or a bag of alumina may be used. If
the latter a plate of platinum or carbon is used to complete the circuit.
This bath or liquid compound may be also used in conjunction with a bath of
some other metal, as for instance copper, for the deposition of alloys of aluminium.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HUSKING RICE AND OTHER GRAIN AND SEEDS
Year: 1880

page_text: 1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Channing Martin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1880.
JAMES HENRY CHANNING MARTIN, of Church Hill, Walthamstow, in the County
of Essex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HUSKING RICE AND
OTHER GRAIN AND SEEDS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus for
husking rice and other grain and seeds.
For this purpose I employ a drum or cylinder provided with an elastic or yielding
covering, preferably of india rubber, revolving horizontally in combination with a
plane or curved frictional surface formed of or provided with stone or a composition
of emery, or with a surface of roughened steel or other suitable material, such
plane or curved frictional surface being in tangential contact, or nearly so, with the
surface of the drum or cylinder.
I form such plane or curved frictional surface to extend across the drum or
cylinder, but preferably only a few inches wide, and I mount it in such relation
to the drum or cylinder as to form a lead or conductor to assist in conducting the
grain or seed to the point of greatest nip, and sometimes to retain it in contact
with the drum or cylinder a very short distance beyond such point.
When employing a curved frictional surface, I do not use a segmental surface
concentric with that of the drum or cylinder, but I employ a segment of a larger
circle or a curve either concave or convex, and but slightly diverging from or
combined wih a plane surface which I place in tangential contact, or nearly so,
with the surface of the drum or cylinder, as above described. Or the frictional
surface may be applied to a complete drum or cylinder instead of to a segmental
surface, and such drum or cylinder may be stationary, or it may receive a slow
rotary motion.
I also provide means for adjusting the drum or cylinder or the plane or curved
frictional surface in relation each to the other, so as to increase or diminish the
surfaces at work, as may be required, before or after the greatest nip is reached.
By these means the husk is completely removed from the rice or other grain or
seeds with less breakage than heretofore, whilst the power required is less than
that required for other husking machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY CORN SCREENS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1880. A communi-
cation from William Bassett, of Sebastian, in the Colony of Victoria, Farmer.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY CORN SCREENS." [A communication
from William Bassett, of Sebastian, in the Colony of Victoria, Farmer.]
This Invention is intended as a substitute for the brushes and other devices used
for cleaning rotary corn screens. It consists in making the wires of the screens
widen as they approach the highest point in their revolution, so that the grain.
which would otherwise clog the screen will fall down into it again.
In carrying out this Invention the object before mentioned is accomplished by
means of a fixed spindle, upon which are keyed or otherwise secured two angular
bosses, the angle having reference to the amount of difference of opening required
in the wires at their highest and lowest points, and they are placed the distance
apart which the length of the screen requires. Upon these, bosses (and to slide or
ride upon them) are placed the ends of the screen, having the journals bored as
ordinarily, the screen being retained in its place by means of a collar on the said
bosses. The wires are fastened to the ends, but the circular ones should be made so
that their fastenings will slide on the said frame or helical wires.
As a substitute for the above, a revolving spindle may be employed with what is
known as the American universal joint in the centre, but the arrangement first.
herein before described is preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE AND BURGLAR ALARMS AND THIEF DETECTORS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thompson Braham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th November 1880.
WILLIAM THOMPSON BRAHAM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE AND BURGLAR ALARMS AND THIEF DETECTORS, PARTLY
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention consists of an apparatus whereby an alarm or alarms will be
sounded on the opening of any door or window to which the said apparatus is
attached. I make use of a hinged hook, to which a spring is connected to bring it
back into its position after it has been moved; this hook is placed in a box with one
open end fixed to the window frame or door post, and to the window sash or door
is fixed a plate in which is a slot, through which the end of the hook passes when
the sash or door is closed. In the box is a small pulley, around which a chain or
cord passes attached to the shank of the hook; this chain or cord passes over
pulleys, and is connected to the alarm or alarms. When any door or window to
which the apparatus is attached is opened, the slotted plate draws the hook out of
the box and thus actuates the alarms. I use, by preference, an alarm at the head
of the stair case consisting of a number of hollow balls or tins placed in a box
having a trap bottom, which balls roll down the stairs when a door or window is
opened.
I also place a bell or bells in one or more of the bedrooms connected to the
aların apparatus attached to each window or door. By drawing back and securing
the cord connected to the alarm all the hooks are drawn back, so that the doors
and windows may be opened and closed as usual.
In place of using a bell crank I use a double pulley in the corners of the rooms,
to which the ends of the two cords, wires, or chains are attached to communicate
the motion from the apparatus on the doors or windows to the bells or alarins.
These double pulleys may be employed in ordinary bell hanging work. I connect
to the cord attached to the bell or other alarm in one of the upper rooms a catch,
which retains a spring, which when released causes a spindle to revolve, which
spindle passes from the inside to the outside of a window of the room, and in
revolving it sounds a rattle fixed on the window sill.
To sound the alarm in case of fire 1 place in one or more of the rooms in
connection with the alarm cord or wire a distended spiral spring, this spring being
stretched inside a tube of india rubber or other substance, the ends of the spring
being so attached to the alarm cord or wire that when the tube is softened by fire,
the spring contracts and draws the wire or cord and sounds the alarm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RING FRAMES USED FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1880.
"
GEORGE YOUNG, Manager for the Firm of James Burton & Sons, of Tyldesley,
in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN RING FRAMES USED FOR
SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
"
This Invention relates principally to that class of spinning and doubling
machinery known as ring throstle frames, and is designed to prevent the "snarling
of the yarn between the fluted rollers which give off the said yarn and the bobbins
into which the same is being wound.
This "snarling" of the yarn is caused (especially in the manufacture of the finer
'counts'), when the driving strap has been thrown on to the loose pulley, by the
fluted rollers giving off yarn after the flyers have ceased to wind the same on to the
bobbins.
At this time in the ring frames as constructed hitherto, the fluted rollers and the
spindles still revolve for a few seconds from the impetus acquired during the
working of the frame, but as soon as the speed of the spindles is slackened, the
bobbins are carried round with them and the yarn is no longer wound thereon;
but the part delivered by the fluted rollers before stopping, being slack, twists up
and forms a "snarl " or sometimes loses its twist.
My Invention consists in stopping the revolution of the fluted rollers just before
the spindles are stopped, and this may be effected by mounting the carrier wheel,
which drives the said rollers and which is driven by a wheel on the tin roller shaft
upon one end of an arm or lever, the other end of which is conveniently pivotted
on to the framing of the machine.
This lever, or arm, when the carrier wheel is in action, is held in place by a
"tumbler " lever, which is caused (either by hand or by a suitable arrangement of
clutch or friction gearing on the tin roller shaft), to rise until the lever or arm
aforesaid no longer rests thereon, but falls down, drawing the carrier wheel out of
gear with the wheel which drives the fluted rollers.
The action of this "tumbler" lever is so timed that the fluted rollers give off no
surplus yarn after the flyers have ceased to wind into the bobbins, and the
Boarling" or other flaws in the yarn, which have hitherto been so liable to occur
on stopping the frame will thus be entirely prevented.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE FOLDING DESK AND FOLDING SEAT, WHICH LATTER MAY BE USED IN COMBINATION WITH THE DESK, OR SEPARATELY, AS MAY BE DESIRED
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Fleming at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1880.
WALTER FLEMING, of Dawson Street, Dublin, in the County of Dublin,
Ireland. "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE FOLDING DESK AND FOLDING SEAT, WHICH
LATTER MAY BE USED IN COMBINATION WITH THE DESK, OR SEPARATELY, AS MAY
BE DESIRED."
My Invention relates to the construction of an improved portable folding desk
and seat for scholastic or other purposes in a simple and effectual manner, and is
more especially designed to meet the requirements of examination halls where
independent or separate desks are usually necessary for the pupils or occupants, and
where, when the desks are not in actual use, it is important that they should occupy
the smallest practicable storage-space combined with portability. To this end I
make the frame of two pairs of standards or supports, each pair being crossed at or
about the middle of their lengths, and connected together at their intersection by a
pin or centre on which they turn. These two pairs of standards or supports are
connected latterally by cross bars, and on the upper end of one standard forming each
pair, is secured a horizontal board or plate to which is hinged the desk proper or
leaf, or the desk or leaf may be pivoted in suitable bearings. In front of and
parallel to the desk, I arrange a seat which I support by hinging to the ends of
bars or arms, the free ends of which are pivoted or jointed to the frame in such a
manner that the said seat can be closed up compactly in the said frame when
required for portability, or otherwise.
To give additional support to the seat, I arrange pendants which, when the seat
is lowered to its position, drop vertically underneath same, and are held secure by a
small pin inserted in the top of the seat.