A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR OILED SILK, BLADDERS, GUT SKINS, INDIA-RUBBER, AND OTHER WATERPROOF MATERIALS AND LEATHER
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Jeyes, of Stanley Road, Upper Holloway, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR OILED SILK, BLADDERS, GUT SKINS,
INDIA-RUBBER, AND OTHER WATERPROOF MATERIALS AND LEATHER."
Sealed the 3rd March 1868, and dated the 14th September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Jeyes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
.1867.
I, JOHN JEYES, of Stanley Road, Upper Holloway, in the County of Mid-
'dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR OILED SILK BLADDER'S, GUT
SKINS, INDIA-RUBBER, AND OTHER WATERPROOF MATERIALS AND LEATHER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a new or improved material
for the purpose of being used as a substitute for oiled silk, bladders, gut skins,
india-rubber, and other waterproof materials and leather; it is also applicable
for hat bodies and linings, as a substitute for waterproof leather; cloth for
covering furniture, and many other such like useful purposes.
[Price 8d 1
☐☐

page_text: I propose to take blotting paper, tissue paper, or thick paper and to
cover or saturate the same on one or both sides with a solution or compound
of the following ingredients:-Gutta percha about 1 part, gum shellac about
1 part, coal tar about 2 parts, and methylated spirit about 4 parts. The
gutta percha, shellac, and tar are to be mixed separately from the spirit at a
temperature of about 212 degrees Fahrenheit, and then the spirit is to be
added so as to form a complete solution of the ingredients. In summer
weather the quantity of shellac should be increased, but the above proportions
will answer well in cold weather.
For a common or cheap material I prefer to dissolve the gutta percha and
shellac in petroleum spirit alone, or in material oil or naptha, or other hydro-
carbon solvent. I also add colouring pigments to the solution to produce the
various colours or shades required for the material. To cover the paper with
these solutions the sheets may be dipped or immersed for a sufficient length of
time to allow of saturation, or they may be covered by brushing or rubbing, or
any convenient means, after which they are allowed to dry by evaporation of
the spirit or hydrocarbon solvents. The paper thus treated becomes water-
proof and to a certain extent elastic, and will form a substitute for the
substances or materials before mentioned. It also becomes transparent and
so much toughened as to present the appearance of a skin or bladder com-
mercially adapted for all the uses for which gut skins, bladders, oiled silk,
and oiled fabrics and papers are used.
When it is required to make a strong article to be used as a substitute for
leather I prefer to use blotting or other bibulous or porous papers in a series
of alternate layers in combination with a cotton, linen, or other fabric secured
together by adhesion caused by the application of the aforesaid solutions;
from the material thus manufactured gaiters, splints, and coverings for
furniture may be produced. This material is also applicable as a binding
for books, or for the lining or body of hats, and various other useful purposes.
The thin material may be coated on one side with gum tragacanth or with
starch converted into gum by sulphuric acid or other adhesive gum in
order to render it applicable to the covering of jars in which preserves are
contained.
I also propose to treat paper pulp with the solutions described, and to manu-
facture therefrom sheets of material of any requisite thickness. In order to
effect this purpose the pulp is to be thoroughly dried or freed from water and
triturated or ground up to powder, the spirit or hydrocarbon being added
during the process, and the other ingredients of the solution are gradually to
be added. A mass is thus formed capable of being manufactured into sheets

page_text: or moulded into forms, which may be used alone or in conjunction with a
cotton, linen, or other woven fabric in the same manner as the paper treated
with the solution; but the material produced from paper pulp will possess a
far greater degree of elasticity than the material formed from paper, because
the solution becomes intimately mingled and incorporated with the fragments
or particles of the pulp, and constitutes a material capable of yielding or
stretching freely. In this case the colouring pigments are mixed in the
triturating apparatus, and the compound is then ready for making into sheets
of any size and thickness.
When it is required to make a material without color and free from odour
gum mastic, shellac, or other resinous gum should be dissolved in spirits of
wine or methylated spirit and used instead of the aforesaid solutions; or in
some cases gum copal dissolved in turpentine or other suitable solvent may be
used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Johu Jeyes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
JEYES, of Stanley Road, Upper Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Jeyes, Her special licence that, I, the said John Jeyes, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Jeyes,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and the Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL
TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR OILED SILK, BLADDERS, GUT SKINS, INDIA-RUBBER,
AND OTHER WATERPROOF MATERIALS AND LEATHER," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Jeyes, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Jeyes, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of a new or improved material for
the purpose of being used as a substitute for oiled silk, bladders, gut skins,
india-rubber, and other waterproof materials, and leather, it is also applicable
for hat bodies and linings, as a substitute for waterproof leather, cloth for
covering furniture, and many other such like useful purposes.
I take blotting paper, tissue paper, or thick paper, and cover or saturate the
same on one or both sides with a solution or compound of the following
ingredients:-Gutta percha about 1 part, gum shellac about 1 part, coal tar
about 2 parts,and methylated spirit about 4 parts. The gutta percha,shellac,
and tar are to be mixed separately from the spirit at a temperature of about
212 degrees Fahrenheit, and then the spirit is to be added so as to form a
complete solution of the ingredients. In summer weather the quantity of
shellac should be increased, but the above proportions will answer well in cold
weather.
For a common or cheap material I prefer to dissolve the gutta percha and
shellac in pretroleum spirit alone, or in mineral oil or naptha, or other hydro-
carbon solvent. I also add coloring pigments to the solution to produce the
various colors or shades required for the material. To cover the paper with
these solutions the sheets may be dipped or immersed for a sufficient length
of time to allow of saturation, or they may be covered by brushing or rubbing,
or by any convenient means, after which they are allowed to dry by evapo-
ration of the spirit or hydrocarbon solvents. The paper thus treated becomes
waterproof and to a certain extent elastic, and will form a substitute for the
substances or materials before mentioned. It also becomes transparent and
so much toughened as to present the appearance of a skin or bladder com
mercially adapted for all the uses for which gut skins, bladders, oiled silk,
and oiled fabrics and papers are used.
When it is required to make a strong article to be used as a substitute for
leather I prefer to use blotting or other bibulous or porous papers in a series
of alternate layers in combination with a cotton, linen, or other fabric, secured
together by adhesion caused by the application of the aforesaid solutions.
From the materialthusmanufactured gaiters, splints, andcoveringsforfurniture
may be produced. This material is also applicable as a binding for books, or for

page_text: the lining or body of hats, and various other useful purposes. The thin
material may be coated on one side with gum tragacanth or with starch
converted into gum by sulphuric acid, or other adhesive gum, in order to
render it applicable to the covering of jars in which preserves are contained.
I also treat paper pulp with the solutions described, and manufacture
therefrom sheets of material of any requisite thickness. In order to effect
this purpose the pulp is to be thoroughly dried or freed from water and
triturated or ground up to powder, the spirit of hydrocarbon being added
during the process, and the other ingredients of the solution are gradually to
be added. A mass is thus formed capable of being manufactured into sheets
or moulded into forms which may be used alone or in conjunction with a
cotton, linen, or other woven fabric in the same manner as the paper treated
with the solution; but the material produced from paper pulp will possess a
far greater degree of elasticity than the material formed from paper, because
the solution becomes intimately mingled and incorporated with the fragments
or particles of the pulp, and constitutes a material capable of yielding or
stretching freely. In this case the coloring pigments are mixed in the
triturating apparatus, and the compound is then ready for making into sheets
of any size and thickness.
When it is required to make a material without color and free from odour
gum mastic, shellac, or other resinous gum should be dissolved in spirits of
wine or methylated spirit, and used instead of the aforesaid solutions; or in
some cases gum copalis dissolved in turpentine or other suitable solvent may be
used.
Tracing paper may be made by mixing about two pounds of spirits of
turpentine with one pound of white resin and four ounces of palm oil
manufactured in the usual manner.
Wrappers for tea and tobacco may be made by dissolving gum thus,
shellac, or other inodorous gum in spirits of wine, and dressing paper with the
solution; a thin coating composed of gum dragon, glue, or other adhesive
substance is sometimes desirable. With either of the aforesaid solutions
transparency can be given to paper and show cards; hand-bills dressed with
such solution are much improved in appearance and increased in value.
An excellent covering for grease pots, oil jars, and vessels for oil and grease
purposes is made by putting a glutinous or gumming coating on either of the
manufactured articles aforesaid.
A good cartridge paper for fire-arms can be made by saturating the paper
with a dilute solution as above.
For some kinds of paper I use a solution composed of about two parts of copal

page_text: dissolved in spirits of wine, or sometimes I use spirits ofturpentine as a solvent,
and one part of boiled oil, and a small quantity of glycerine.
I also use for other kinds a solution made of one part of mastic dissolved as
above to three parts of white resin dissolved in spirit of turpentine, modifying
the solution according to the quality of the paper used.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I would remark that I do not limit
myself to the precise ingredients described, nor to the exact proportions
thereof, as the same may of course be varied or modified without departing
from the general purposes to which the Invention is or may be applicable;
but what I claim and desire to be secured to me by the herein in part recited
Letters Patent is, the manufacture of the new or improved material to be used
as a substitute for oiled silk, bladders, gut skins, india-rubber, and other
waterproof materials, and leather, substantially as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Jeyes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
ALEX
PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.
JOHN JEYES. (L.S.)