IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING YARN INTO HANKS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Emilius Blank, of Trump Street, in
the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
Sealed the 27th January 1854, and dated the 15th November 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Emilius
Blank at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th November 1853.
I, CHARLES EMILIUS BLANK, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING YARN INTO HANKS" to be
as follows:-
In order to facilitate the spooling of yarns I use certain mechanical
apparatus by means of which the yarn is so arranged in forming the
hank that it cannot become entangled in the process of dyeing. I
effect this by passing the yarn over pegs in such manner that it shall
become crossed five or more times. These pegs are so placed on a
frame as when the end of the yarn is attached on one (say the first peg)
it will be made to cross to another (inner) peg, and thence to an outer
peg, alternately, until the whole bank is made. At each junction or

page_text: cross of the yarn between the pegs a thread is passed through to
prevent the yarn from tangling and dividing it into seperate parts.
When the hank is complete it may be split or divided wherever
required, and the unwinding of a bank on the spools or or bobbins will
scarcely require more than one sixth of the time that process at present
Also, from the evenness of the "hank," little or no breakage
of the yarn occurs.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Emilius Blank in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th May 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHARLES EMILIUS BLANK, of Trump Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Emilius Blank, Her
special licence that I, the said Charles Emilius Blank, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Emilius Blank, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING YARN INTO HANKS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Emilius Blank, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Emilius Blank, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the illustrative Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, and forming
part of this my Specification:
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the spooling of yarns,
and by the use of the apparatus herein-after described it will be found
that a considerable economy is effected both in time and material.
By the apparatus herein-after described the yarn of which the hank
is formed is so arranged that after the hank is completed by winding
in the peculiar manner effected by the Invention such hank cannot
(as hanks usually made do) become entangled in the process of dyeing.
The means by which this is effected is shewn in the Drawing, and
described in the description of such Drawing as hereafter. But it might
be as well to state here that the yarn is passed over the pegs in such
manner that it shall become crossed five or more times, the pegs being
so placed on the frame as when the end of the yarn is attached on one
(say the first peg) it will be made, by the motion of the lever pushing
forward or retiring the slide on which the leading wire is placed, to
cross to another or inner peg, thence to an outer peg, and so alternately
till the whole hank is made. When the hank is perfect it will be
observed that it is crossed between the pegs according to the number
used, as in the Drawing, where five sets of pegs are used, five crossings
of the yarn in hank are seen. Now a very simple operation is to be
performed by the hand, an operation the result of which cannot be
shewn in the Drawing, but must be described, and on which a good
deal depends. A thread is passed through the hank at the spot where
the crossings are formed by the winding, not to tie the hank up closely,
but to allow of its being at all parts free and of the same bulk; this
thread divides the hank into seperate parts. When the bank is com-
pleted by the apparatus and tied as directed, it may be split into as
many parts as desirable, or whenever required, it being easy to follow
a single strand of yarn all round the hank. Many sets of the appa-
ratus may be placed in a line, and the whole moved by hand, steam,

page_text: or animal power. It will be found in practice that not only are the
hanks made by this apparatus better wound, with much less breakage
of yarn, capable of being split or divided, not liable to entangle in the
dyeing process, but that nearly, if not quite, six times the quantity of
work will be executed in the same space of time as is now consumed
in the operation of spooling.
..
Figure 1, of the Drawing represents a front elevation of the winding
wheel; Figure 2, a side elevation of the same, shewing the mechanical
arrangement by which motion is communicated by hand; Figure 3, a
front view of the cog wheels used to impart the respective velocities
required to the different parts; Figure 4, represents a plan of the cam
motion and lever appended thereto; and Figure 5, a portion of a
hank with the thread as tied. Similar letters refer to similar parts in
cach of the Figures. On the main axle A1, A2, A3, is affixed the
winding wheel B, and cog wheel C, by which motion is communicated
from the main shaft of the machinery of the prime mover employed.
The axle is divided at A, and A, for the purposes of allowing the wheel
and hank to be removed from the framework. The wheel is formed
with polygonal divisions or, arms, on which are fixed 4 of 5 sets
of winding rods, or wires. or pegs, forming regular and parallel
pentagons d', dd, d, and d, and e', e², e, e, and e. The wires d',
and e', are affixed to a small plate working in a slide on the arm of
the wheel B, and is fixed in its proper relative position with reference
to the other pins by means of a thumb-screw in the plate at f, which
allows of the plate being brought down towards the centre of the wheel,
and thereby the hank removed from the wires.. The outer row of
wires projects beyond the shorter one e, so that the yarn is allowed
to be wound alternately on one and then on the other crossing, mid-
way between every double set of pins or pegs at g', 9, 9, 9', and g³.
By this means each of the five points of crossing of the hank can be
tied seperately by passing a thread through, as shewn by Figure 5, h',
and h. In order to communicate a reciprocating motion to the
:
yarn
so as to alternate its passage from an inner to an outer wire, a
wheel i, with double the number of teeth than that of the wheel affixed
to the axle, say bearing the proportion of 20 to 10, is furnished with a

page_text: series of five cams j,,, and j³, each of which as the wheel rotates
(motion being communicated to it by the shaft wheel) moves backwards
and forwards the lever k, the end of which works the horizontal slide
1, carrying the yarn at the end of the wire m. The horizontal slide is
carried back after having been worked up to pass the yarn over one of
the shorter wires by a spring n fastened to the framework, and a con-
stant motion backwards and forwards is thus obtained that alternates
the passage of the yarn from the inner to the outer peg, and winds it
into a bank of the polygonal shape shewn in Figure 1, which is tied,
as already described, at each of the points of crossing, thus giving the
means of preventing effectually the enlargement that takes place when
the precaution is not taken.
Having now described the nature of the Invention communicated to
me, and the manner in which the same is carried into practical effect,
I wish it to be distinctly understood that I lay no claim to the parts of
the machinery or apparatus described, taken as parts, nor do I contine
myself to the precise details described and shewn, as such may be
varied or modified to suit particular circumstances, without in any
way departing from the principle of the Invention. But what I claim
as belonging to this Invention is, the combination of parts herein
described, forming, when combined, an apparatus or reel for winding
yarn into hanks.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Emilius Blank, have
hereunto affixed my hand and seal, this Ninth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
four.
30
CHARLES EMILIUS BLANK. (L.S.)
Witness,
JOHN GEDGE,
Patent Agent,
4, Wellington Street South,
Strand. London.