IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Mellodew and Thomas Mellodew, of Moor-
side Mills, Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, and
Charles William Kesselmeyer, of Manchester, in the said County,
Warehouseman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 31st October 1862, and dated the 3rd May 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Mellodew,
Thomas Mellodew, and Charles William Kesselmeyer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd May
1862.
We, JAMES MELLODEW and THOMAS MELLODEW, of Moorside Mills, Oldham,
in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, and CHARLES WILLIAM KESSEL
MEYER, of Manchester, in the said County, Warehouseman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,'
to be as follows:-
Our Invention refers to a method of making the shed in looms, and consists
in interrupting the motion communicated by the motive power to a roller or
other apparatus so that it may be caused to deviate from its course in
the one direction or the other, and so impart a downward or upward move-
ment to the jacks or heddles.
In order to explain this principle of our Invention we will describe certain

page_text: mechanism which we have found to answer. The pattern chain or its
equivalent acts upon a lever, at the other end of which is a double inclined
plane turning upon a centre, the one or the other of which inclines is pre-
sented to a roller which is caused to travel to and fro, and which is thus
conducted upward or downward so as to transmit a corresponding movement to
a jack or heddle.
Another part of our Invention refers to a method of driving the pattern
chain or equivalent apparatus, and by which it may be kept stationary on the
commencement of turning the loom backward. For this purpose we drive
the said chain through the medium of a pin, which upon the reversal of the
motion passes for a portion of a revolution along a slot.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Mellodew, Thomas Mellodew, and Charles
William Kesselmeyer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd
November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, JAMES
MELLODEW and THOMAS MELLODEW, of Moorside Mills, Oldham, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, and CHARLES WILLIAM KESSELMETER,
of Manchester, in the said County, Warehouseman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Mellodew, Thomas Mellodew, and Charles William Kesselmeyer,
Her special license that we, the said James Mellodew, Thomas Mellodew,
and Charles William Kesselmeyer, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Mellodew, Thomas Mellodew, and
Charles William Kesselmeyer, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any timo agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition,
amongst others, that we, the said James Mellodew, Thomas Mellodew,
and Charles William Kesselmeyer, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles William Kesselmeyer, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is
to say) :-
Our Invention refers to a method of making the shed in looms, and consists
in interrupting the motion communicated by the motive power to a roller or
other apparatus so that it may be caused to deviate from its course in the one
direction or the other, and so impart an upward or downward motion to the
jacks or heddles.
In carrying out this principle of our Invention we employ a pattern chain
acting upon a lever, at the other end of which is a double inclined plane
turning upon a centre, the one or the other of which inclines is presented
to a roller, which is caused to travel to and fro by the motive power, and
which is thus conducted upward or downward so as to transmit a corre-
ponding movement to a jack or heddle, and this arrangement is repeated for as
many jacks or heddles as are required for the fabric to be woven.
Another part of our Invention, according to our Provisional Specification,
referred to a method of driving the pattern chain or equivalent apparatus,
and by which it might be kept stationary on the commencement of turning
the loom backward. For this purpose wo proposed to drive the said chain
through the medium of a pin, which, upon the reversal of the motion, should
pass for a portion of a revolution along slot, but since the filing of the said
Provisional Specification we have found that the said arrangement was not
now and consequently lay no claim thereto. The combinations of mechanism
by which our Invention now claimed may be carried out may be varied to a
considerable extent, but we will describe two arrangements which we have
found to answer the purpose.
B
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is an end view of so much of a loom
as is necessary to explain the improvement; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the
same, certain of the smaller parts however being omitted in order to avoid
confusion; Figs. 3 and 4 are detached views in elevation and plan, and upon
an enlarged scale of one of the double inclines and parts connected immediately
therewith, and Fig. 5 is a detached front view of the arrangement which
causes a roller to pass upward or downward upon the one or other of the said

page_text: inclines. The crank shaft is shewn at 1, upon which is a toothed pinion
2, taking into a wheel 3, mounted upon a shaft 4. Upon this shaft is a
grooved cam 5 within which is a roller 6, carried by a lever 7, turning upon
a centre at 8. To this lever is jointed a rod 9 extending downward and
connected at its lower end to a lever 10, fixed upon a shaft 11. This shaft
carries two levers 12, which are connected at top by a cross bar 18, provided
with a number of slots within which is a series of levers 14. These levers
are not shewn in the plan view, Fig. 2, in order to avoid confusion. The
levers 14 extend upward between a series of plates 15, and carry at their
upper ends rollers 16 situate within a chamber constituted by two inclines
17, 18, formed by flanges which project from the plates 15. It will thus be
seen that as the crank shaft 1 revolves rotatory motion will be communicated
to the cam 5, which by acting upon the roller 6 and rod 9 will through the
lever 10 cause the shaft 11 to vibrate. upon its centre of motion, which
vibration being communicated to the levers 12 and cross bar 18 will
cause the levers 14 and rollers 16 to move to and fro, and thus one motion
necessary for the purposes of our Invention is accomplished. Upon the
shaft 4 is a bevil pinion 18, taking into another bevil pinion 19 fixed upon
a shaft 20. This shaft carries a pattern chain 21*, which may be constructed
in any ordinary manner. In the Drawings we have shewn a simple chain,
each link being provided with a roller. Above the plane of each set of
these rollers are situate two levers 21, 22, mounted loosely upon a rod 23,
so as to bo capable of turning thereon. One of these levers marked 21
carries a pin 24 which is situate within a recess formed in the double incline
or wedge piece 25; and the other of the levers, namely 22, also carries a pin
26, which in like manner is situate within a recess formed in the said
piece 25, which itself carries a centre pin 27, turning in the plate 15, and
this arrangement is repeated as shown in the plan view, Fig. 2, according
to the number of jacks or healds intended to be used, the series of plates 15
being strung side by side and carried by rods 28 which are supported by
the framing 29. The pattern chain being caused to revolve through the
medium of the wheel and pinions 8, 18, 19, will, according to the elevations
thereon, act upon the one or the other of the levers 21, 22; if that shewn
at 21 be so acted upon, then the double incline or wedge 25 will bo caused
to turn downward upon its centre of motion 27, but if the said pattern
chain act upon the lever 22, then the double incline or wedge will be caused
to turn upward upon its centre of motion 27. According to the position
shewn in the Drawing it has been turned downward, the outward end of
the lever 21 having been elevated by the pattern chain. The revolution

page_text: of the crank shaft will now cause the cam 5 (by the means above described)
to force forward the lever 14 and roller 16, which meeting with an obstruction
caused by the double incline or wedge will be compelled to move upward
thereon, drawing with it the lever 14, which is jointed at bottom to the
jack 80, and thus the shed will be made, the upper jack 81 being connected
to the lower by a rod 82. In like manner should the pattern chain have
acted against the lever 22 the double incline or wedge 25 would have
been caused to turn upon its centre so as to present its under incline as an
obstruction to the path of the roller 16, whereby the lever 14 would have been
caused to pass downward and depress the jack 30, instead of raising it
as first mentioned. Upon the double incline or wedge 25 is a pin 81 moving
in a slot formed in the plate 15, whereby the extent of motion is determined.
We will now proceed to describe another arrangement by which our
Invention may be carried into practical operation. The general features of
the arrangement are the same, but in this instance another method is adopted
for causing the roller to travel to and fro, and a different disposition of parts
is used for acting upon the shafts or healds. Also in this modification we employ
two double inclines or wedges acting alternately, so that the one is preparing
for a shed while the other is effecting the same. Fig. 6 represents so much
of a loom as is necessary to explain the improvement in side elevation. Fig. 7
is a detached view in elevation of the double inclines or wedges, and parts
immediately connected therewith, and Fig. 8 is a plan view of a pair of
levers, by which the said double inclines or wedges are shifted in position.
The pitch line of a pinion mounted upon the crank shaft is at 82, taking
into a wheel 88, carried by a shaft 84. On this shaft is an excentric 35, situate
within slots formed in a series of levers 86, which levers vibrate upon centres
87 carried by a lever 38, mounted so as to be capable of turning upon a fixed
centre at 89. The levers 86, 38, are as many in number as there are jacks
to be operated upon, and the excentric 85 is sufficiently long to act upon the
whole series. The upper end of the lever 36 carries a roller 40, which is situate
as before within an angular chamber constituted by flanges projecting from
the plate 41; but in this instance there are two and opposite angles formed
by flanges 42, 43. Upon the crank shaft is a second pinion 44 taking into
a wheel 45 upon the axis of one of the squares or rollers of the pattern chain
46. Beneath the pattern chain are two series of levers 47, 48, capable of
turning upon fixed centres 49, 50, and connected at their outward ends to
links 51, 52, which links are jointed below to double inclines or wedges 53,
54, capable of turning upon fixed centres at 55, 56.
According to the position of the parts shewn in the Drawing, the pattern

page_text: chain has acted upon the lever 48, so as to depress its inward end, and causo
it by turning upon its centre 50, to lift the double incline wedge 54, while the
other double incline or wedge 53 not having been acted on by the pattern
chain, has turned downward by its own gravity, the excentric 35 has then by
causing the lever 36 to vibrate upon its centre forced the roller 40 along the
top angle of the double incline or wedge 53, whereby the lever 36 has been
drawn upward, and has thus caused the lever 38 to turn upon its centre, and
from this lever 88 motion is communicated to the jacks in the ordinary
manner. During this making of the shed the pattern chain will advance
another of its elevations, and will then (if such a change be required for the
next shed,) liberate the double incline or wedge 54 so as to allow it to fall,
and thus the means for effecting one shed is being prepared while another
is being effected. It will be understood from the above description, that
there are two double inclines or wedges for each roller 40, the wholo
apparatus for one jack being represented at Fig. 7, and that this must
be repeated as in the former instances according to the number of jacks to
be used.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be
understood that we do not limit ourselves to the precise arrangement and
construction shewn in the Drawings and described, as many modifications
will readily suggest themselves to competent persons, but we claim as
secured to us under the above in part recited Letters Patent, and for the
purpose above set forth the use of the double inclinos, or wedges, or their
equivalents for interrupting motion imparted by the motive power to a roller
or other such apparatus.
In witness where f, I, the said Charles William Kesselmeyer, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this First day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.