Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres.
I, FREDERICK RICHARD SIMMS, of Amberley House, 12, Norfolk Street, Strand,
in the County of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:
This invention relates to improvements in and connected with pneumatic tyres
and comprises novel means for attaching tyres to the rims of wheels, improve-
ments in connection with the tread portions of tyres, and also improvements
having for their object the maintenance of constant pressure within the tyre.
According to the invention I employ an ordinary inner tube and an outer cover
semi-circular in cross section and having lateral flanges designed to enter lateral
recesses in the rim of the wheel to which the tyre is to be attached and which
rim is also preferably approximately semi-circular in cross section.
To fix the lateral flanges of the outer cover securely in the rim recesses I may
employ suitable devices of the kind hereinafter described, that is to say,
may for
instance embed in the said flanges pins having base plates to securely fix them
in the said flanges, the said pins projecting beyond the surfaces of the flanges
and being adapted to enter holes in the recessed portions of the rim when placed
therein, and thus hold the outer cover securely in the rim. Or I may form the
recessed portions of the rim with holes at suitable intervals and expand the
flanges of the outer cover through these holes by means of plugs which are
pushed into the said flanges from the outside and are securely held therein by
suitable means. Or I may mould in the flanges of the outer cover V or horse-
shoe shaped strips of metal the ends of which project through the upper and
lower surfaces of the said flanges and which, when sprung into the recessed
portions of the rim, engage in holes in the upper and lower parts thereof so as
to securely hold the flanges in position therein. Instead of the V or horse-shoe
shaped strips I may employ a kind of split pin, the said pins being provided
with basal portions for holding them securely in the flanges when moulded therein
and the split ends of which are provided with lips so that when the flanges are
inserted in the recessed portions of the rim the split pins are sprung through
an opening in the recessed portion and are held by the lips on the ends thereof.
Another fastening which I sometimes advantageously employ comprises a number
of bolts which are passed through the tyre and rim and the heads of which
bear against spring strips the free ends of which are in contact with the flanges
of the outer cover thereby holding them securely in the recessed portions of the
rim.
In conjunction with my tyre I advantageously employ a separate tread which
may be detachable or not as desired. The said tread comprises a ring of hard
rubber or rubber and canvas or any other suitable material and is provided with
inwardly projecting flanges or rims upon its inner side, the said flanges being
adapted to enter lateral grooves upon the periphery of the outer cover of the

page_text: tyre and to be detachably secured thereto. For detachably securing the tread
to the outer cover I advantageously provide the inner ends of the tread flanges
with endless wires suitably secured therein, which are sprung into the lateral
grooves in the outer cover so as to hold the tread in position upon the tyre.
Or I may lace the tread portion to the outer cover and in cases where it is desired
secure the tread to the tyre by solutioning it thereto. Or I may use laces in
addition to the endless wires and solution.
The tread and also the tread portion of the outer cover may be provided with
wire insertions for protective purposes, the said insertions being in the form,
for instance, of a double zig-zag wire, of a flattened coiled wire or of gauze strips
of a fine mesh. These insertions are advantageously covered with canvas before
being moulded in position for the purpose of reducing friction and chemical
action.
I also advantageously make the rims with as large a surface as possible in order
that they may act as cooling surfaces and thereby cool. the internal air and pre-
vent increase of pressure by undue heating owing to friction. To this end I
preferably make my rims of a very deep concave section and in some cases. I
corrugate them circumferentially.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres.
I, FREDERICK RICHARD SIMMS, of Amberley House, 12, Norfolk Street, Strand,
in the County of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement ;-
This invention relates to improvements in or connected with pneumatic tyres
especially of the kind described in my former Patent No. 16261 of 1896, the
said improvements referring to the tread portions thereof.
According to the invention I employ an ordinary inner tube and an outer cover
preferably semicircular in cross section and having lateral flanges designed to
enter lateral recesses in the rim of the wheel to which the tyre is to be attached,
which rim is also preferably approximately semicircular in cross section. The
lateral flanges of the outer cover are securely fixed in the recesses of the rims
by any suitable devices, for example by pins, rivets, bolts and the like.
The tread of the tyre is made separate and can be detachable or not as desired.
To form the tread I make the outer cover with a projecting peripheral rib or
the like and I fit over the said projecting rib or the like a cover or casing forming
the tread proper and made of suitable hard material, for example hard rubber,
rubber and canvas, or metal. The casing or ring is secured to the peripheral
rib of the outer cover by suitable means, for example, in the case of a hard
rubber ring I may provide the said ring with inwardly projecting flanges through
which pass endless wires and which are adapted to be sprung into lateral grooves
upon the peripheral rib so as to securely hold the ring upon the said peripheral
rib. Or in the case of metal rings these are made in sections, the said sections
being formed with internal flanges adapted to enter lateral grooves upon the
peripheral rib, as in the case of the hard rubber tyre, and to be cemented to the
said rib; or the ring may be U or trough-shaped and adapted to be placed over

page_text: the peripheral rib and to be rivetted thereto; or it may be in the form of a
flat band adapted to be secured to the peripheral rib by screws or the like.
In the accompanying drawing,—
Figure 1 is a cross-section through a tyre having a tread with a metal pro-
tective ring made according to the invention:
Figures 2, 3 and 4 are sections through the tread portions of tyres illustrating
the above described modifications.
Referring to Figure 1 a is the rim of the wheel and a¹, a the lateral recesses
formed therein. is the inner tube of the tyre, e the outer cover and c, c¹ the
lateral flanges which enter the lateral recesses a¹, a' in the rim a of the wheel:
shews one of the pins fixing the said lateral flanges in the recesses a¹, a¹.
d is the peripheral rib formed upon the outer cover c.
In the construction
illustrated in this figure the said peripheral rib is provided with a protective
casing or ring formed of sections of metal e. The sections e are formed with
inwardly projecting flanges e¹, e¹ which are adapted to enter lateral grooves
formed in the peripheral rib d, as clearly shewn, so as to be thereby held securely
upon the said peripheral rib.
In the arrangement shewn in Figure 2 the peripheral rib d, which is of the
same shape as in the previous construction, is provided with a continuous ring
of rubber e. This rubber ring is also provided with inwardly projecting flanges c
which also enter lateral grooves in the peripheral rib d of the tyre and are held
therein by endless wires c³, e2 which pass around the said inwardly projecting
flanges and are sprung into the lateral grooves in the peripheral ribs d so as to
securely hold the ringe upon the said rib d.
In Figure 3 I have shewn the arrangement wherein the protective ring e has
the form of a U or trough-shaped ring. The said ring is made in sections. The
said sections e are passed over the peripheral rib d as indicated in the said
figure and are rigidly secured thereto by means of rivets f.
In Figure 4 the protective casing has the form of a flat band or ring e of metal.
This metal band e is placed upon the outer surface of the peripheral rib d and is
securely held thereon by means of screws g, which pass up through the thick-
ness of the rib and screw into nipples which are recessed into the inner face
of the said peripheral rib as clearly shewn in the said figure, the heads g of the
screws being sunk into a recessed portion of the band e which is formed for this
purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
:-
1. In pneumatic tyres, forming the outer cover with a tread portion comprising
a peripheral rib on the outer cover of the tyre and a protective ring designed
to partially or wholly enclose the said peripheral rib, substantially as herein before
described.
2. In a pneumatic tyre of the kind described in Claim 1, forming the protec-
tive ring of metal sections having inwardly projecting flanges designed to enter
lateral grooves in the peripheral rib, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In pneumatic tyres of the kind described in Claim 1, forming the protective
ring of a continuous piece of hard rubber having inwardly projecting flanges
provided with endless wires, the said wires being adapted to be sprung into
lateral grooves in the peripheral rib so as to securely hold the said ring on the
peripheral rib, substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. In pneumatic tyres of the kind described in Claim 1, forming the protective
ring of or trough-shaped sections of metal adapted to be passed over the peri-
pheral rib on the tyre and to be secured thereto by rivets, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
5. In pneumatic tyres of the kind described in Claim 1, forming the protective
ring of a flat band of metal adapted to be secured upon the outer face of the

page_text: peripheral rib by means of screws which pass through the thickness of the said
rib and screw into nipples recessed in the inner face thereof, substantially as
herein before described.
6. The improved pneumatic tyre herein before described and illustrated in
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing.
7. The manufacture and use of tyres having tread portions constructed as
herein before described and illustrated respectively in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of
the accompanying drawing.
Dated the 1ûrà day of Nentem her 1898
Q the IOL ⱭAY O1 Nentember 1898
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.