Improvements in Kilns.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 6th Feb., 187
Improvements in Kilns.
A communication to me from Dr. FRIEDRICH WILHELM AUGUST SCHUMACHER,
of Königswinter, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, and
accompanying drawing, that is to say :-
This invention relates to continuous kilns for burning earthenware or other goods,
and more especially to that form of such kilns in which the two inner sides of the
kiln are provided with step grates for fuel. The flame from these grates strikes the
built-up pile of goods which are to be burned, and thence passes through a number of
openings arranged in the floor of the kiln along its central line. By the present
invention not only the two longer sides of the kiln, but its ends also, are provided
with grates in steps, so as to secure a more complete and effective burning of the
contents of the kiln. The invention further consists of a novel method of introducing
and distributing air through the kilns. The air necessary for combustion is introduced
from below for burning the coal upon the grates, and air is also introduced at
the same time direct to the flame above the grates, so as to ensure a perfect combustion
and the conversion of any carbonic oxide to carbonic acid, without smoke.
The accompanying drawing is in illustration of the invention, and shows it applied.
to a set of six kilns working continuously.
Figure 1 is a section on the line x-x, Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a section on the line y-y, Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a section on the line -2, Figure 2.
The several kilns are numbered I to VI. It is understood that kiln I is first heated..
Through the firing openings a, Figures 1 and 3, coal is supplied to the grates b;
which are arranged both on the two longer sides of the kiln and also at its ends
at c.
The hot products of combustion pass through and between the goods which are to
be burned and which are built up upon the floor d of the kiln, and they then pass
down through the openings e which are provided along the centre of the floor of the
kiln (see Figure 2, and also Figure 1, kilns IV and V). These openings e form a
communication between the interior of the kiln I and a passage or flue 1 which itself
communicates with a passage 2. The passage 2 communicates in turn with
passages 3, 3, which are formed under the second kiln II. These passages 3, 3, open
into the floor of kiln II, so that in this way the heating of the stepped grates bc,
on the inner sides of the second kiln II is effected. The hot gases pass inward from
these grates, curve downward, and pass toward the centre of the kiln II, and through
the openings e in the floor into a passage 4, which extends under the middle of the
floor and communicates with a similar passage or flue, 5, which itself communicates
with the passages 3, 3, of the kiln III, which latter is of similar construction to
kiln II. The heated gases pass through the stepped grates b, c, of kiln III, and a
passage 6 in the centre of the kiln forms a communication with the passages 3, 3 of
kiln IV, a central passage 7 under which, leading to a cross passage or flue 8 forms
a communication with the passages 3, 3, of kilu V, and finally the central passage 9
1 Pain 27

page_text: under the latter, and the cross passage 10, form a communication with the passages 3, 3
of kiln VI. The conducting away of the hot gases to the chimney can be effected
by means of U-shaped metal pipes 20, one of the legs of which fits into an opening
at 21, in the highest part of the crown of the kiln, whilst the other leg fits into an
opening at 22 communicating with the flue 23 and the chimney.
When the contents of kiln I are completely burned, coal is supplied through the
feeding openings a, a, of the second kiln to the stepped grates b, c of the latter.
This coal is ignited by the heat of the grates of kiln II, and the firing of the kiln I
is stopped. Air is however allowed to pass through the kiln I.
It becomes heated and passes through the openings e, and passage 2, to the
openings 3, 3, of kiln II. The gases from kiln II pass through the openings in
the floor of this kiln to the passage 4 and thence through the passage 5 to the
passages 3, 3, of kiln III, heating the grates b, c, in the latter. Air has to be
supplied to kiln I from below through the passages 3, 3, and for this purpose
the passages 3, 3, of kiln I communicate with a passage 11, which passes to the
open air.
The action of the novel method and apparatus for the supply of the air to the
grates in the separate kilns, and preventing smoke, is as follows:-The air for
combustion passes, partly directly through the passages 3, 3, into a kiln,
for example into the kiln numbered I, and partly through the passages 12, from
which it is directed into the flame above the upper grates b, c. The smoke is thus
burned, and more completely so, because the side of the passages 12 becomes red
hot from the heating of the interior of the kiln, and the air passing through them
is consequently heated to a high temperature. The arched top of each kiln is, as
shewn in Figure 1, provided with passages 13. These passages supply air less heated
at the point where it is desired to prevent the production of a melting heat, above
the upper grates b, c, the heat in the upper part of the kiln being in this way
assimilated to that in the lower part.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In kilns having side stepped grates, instead of such grates b, c, at the two
longer opposite sides only, the method of providing all the four sides of the kiln with
them, in order to effect the more complete and uniform heating of the kiln,
substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 3.
2. In kilns of the kind described in Claim 1, the passages 12 from the air
chambers 3, 3, supplying highly heated air direct to the flame above the
grates (b and c) substantially as described and illustrated.
3. In kilns of the kind described in Claim 1, the passages 13 in the roof, for the
admission of slightly heated air, to prevent a melting heat from being produced,
substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 25th day of November 1896.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.