matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEEDLES EMPLOYED MORE PARTICULARLY IN FANCY NEEDLEWORK ON CANVASS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1866. A communication from abroad by Gustave Mayer, of Rue des
Tournelles, 7, Passy, Paris, in the French Empire.
I, BENJAMIN BROWNE, of No. 49, King William Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEEDLES EMPLOYED MORE PARTICULARLY
IN FANCY NEEDLEWORK ON CANVASS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto in performing fancy work on canvass it has been customary to use
a needle with an eye through one end thereof, which has been found incon-
venient by reason of the needle having to, be reversed both above and below
the frame which holds the canvass. And the object and intention of this
Invention is to remedy this objection by forming the needle with two points,
and the eye thereof between the said points, so that upon one hand of the
operator being held under the frame and the other hand above the frame,
the needle can be passed backwards and forwards through the canvass
without having to reverse the position of the needle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Vero at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th November
1866.
I, JAMES VERO, of Atherstone, in the County of Warwick, Bootmaker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to make the soles of boots and shoes
waterproof. This I effect by introducing wood into the construction of the
soles in the following manner :-I take a board of any suitable description of
wood, but by preference American birch, cut, say, to about one-sixteenth of an
inch in thickness, less or more, according to the description of boot or shoe
required, and I cover one or both sides of the wood with leather or calico or
other textile fabric, securing their adhesion by means of thin glue or any other
suitable adhesive composition; or I cement two thin boards together with
india-rubber cement. From thin boards thus prepared. I cut or stamp out the
soles and use them as insoles by placing the leather or covered side (if but one
side is covered with leather or other fabric) upwards, so as to lie next the foot
of the wearer. The making of the boot or shoe I complete in the usual
To prevent the pegs, nails, or screws used in the attachment of the
soles from rising and injuring the feet of the wearer I propose to introduce
soles or socks made of thin rolled steel, or iron, or other metal cut or stamped
out to the required shape; these may be rivetted or otherwise fastened to the
upper side of the insole above described, and after the boot is made the metal

page_text: sole may be covered by pasting a paper or any other lining over it. If
preferred the metal sole may be worn loose inside the boot or shoe. The
metal may be uncovered or covered with leather or any other suitable material.
When cut or stamped out to the required size and shape I fasten the metal
upon a cork or sock sole or a sole or sock of any other suitable material by
sewing or otherwise, and by wearing the covered side next the foot it will give
great warmth to the foot while the metal will prevent the permeation of
damp. Felt made of fur or fur waste or a mixed felt made of fur and wool
or fur waste and wool waste will form an excellent covering for the metal
socks or linings of boots and shoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FEEDING CAKE FOR CATTLE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sampson Langdale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1866.
I, SAMPSON LANGDALE, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Chemical and Artificial
Manure Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FEEDING CAKE FOR CATTLE," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new preparation of cattle feed in the form of
cake, whereby unnecessary waste of food is prevented, and the whole of the
nutritious properties of the ingredients preserved.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ in the manufacture of
feeding cake for cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses ground or boiled linseed,
treacle, molasses, sugar, indian corn, rice, meal, millet, pulse, tares, beans,
peas, or other sacharine, glutinous, carboniferous, or vegetable substances,
with or without aromatic herbs and condiments, the said ingredients being
well mixed together, in any desired combination or proportion so as to form a
pulp, by machinery or otherwise, and afterwards dried into cakes by heat from
or over pipes or other vessels charged with or containing steam, the heat from
which may be used for drying them. All or any of the following substances
may also be used in combination if desired :-Rape seed and cake, palm nut cake,
cotton seed and cake, and all oleaginous seed or cakes, such as dodder seed
and cake, niger seed and cake, poppy seed and cake seed, bran, pollards, and
other millers' waste, malt combings, brewers' grains.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING METALLIC TUBES, PIPES, OR OTHER SIMILAR HOLLOW ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Horton at tho Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1866.
I, JOSHUA HORTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING METALLIC TUBES, PIPES, OR OTHER SIMILAR HOLLOW
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel method of manufacturing, producing, or
forming metallic pipes, tubes, and other similar hollow articles, and it is so
designed that such articles may be formed without the use of "cores," which
by means of this Invention are dispensed with.
The improvements consist in the application of the principle of centrifugal
force in the formation or productions of tubular articles, for example, a mould
of the exterior form of the article required is prepared and placed between
two centres horizontally, or so otherwise situated that it may be caused to
revolve on its axis rapidly. The molten metal is introduced into the mould,
and the whole is caused to revolve rapidly, which causes the metal to be
projected from the centre of revolution into the various forms and parts of
the mould, which become filled with metal, and a hollow tube is made within
the metal, the axis of which corresponds with the axis of revolution, the
outer surface corresponding with the shape of the mould. When the metal is
cold it can be removed by opening the mould box.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN COMBS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1866. A communication from abroad by François Fanvelle
Delebarre, of Paris, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do.
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
COMBS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming a groove along the centre of the thick
edge or back of combs, and in fitting in this groove a strip or bar of metal
surmounted with a cap or head which covers only the thick edge or back of
the comb. The strip or bar of metal is fixed in the groove by three or other
convenient number of rivets or pins, the heads of which may be flush with.
the sides of the comb, or project so as to produce an ornamental effect,.
the metallic strip being fixed at, say, only three points the suppleness of the-
comb between these points or rivets is not impeded with; sometimes. I.
dispense with the cap or head and use a simple metallic strip or bar which is
fitted in the groove in the back of the comb.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR BEAUTIFYING THE COMPLEXION
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lewenberg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1866. A communication from abroad by Clara Lewenberg, of New
York City, United States of America.
I, JOSEPH LEWENBERG, of No. 55, Upper Berkeley Street, Portman Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR BEAUTIFYING THE COMPLEXION," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the beautifying the complexion, and is
distinguished for its extremely bland, purifying, harmless, and soothing effects
upon the skin and by acting upon the pores and minute secretory vessels; it
expels all impurities from the surface and effectually dissipates all redness,
pimples, spots, blotches, and such like imperfections of the skin.
This improved composition consists of powdered egg shells and roots of
vegetables, mostly grown in Cuba, and the ingredients hereafter mentioned
mixed in the following proportions :-
Pulverized egg shells
Calcined magnesia
Terra alba -
Marsh mellon root
Oris root
-
-
1 pound.
- 2 oz.
-
1 pound.
1 pound.
1 pound.
AN IMPROVED HAT STRETCHER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Bayne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August 1866.
I, WALTER BAYNE, of Torquay, in the County of Devon, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HAT STRETCHER," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists of a frame in which are situated four moveable
blocks which approach each other at the centre and have a round contour to
suit the ordinary oval shape of a hat. These four blocks are separated
equally from one another by a moveable tapered cross which fits into slots,
the cross being raised or lowered by a small bar or lever situated underneath
the frame. When the hat is thus secured in its place the requisite pressure
is obtained by the blocks being forced out by means of right and left banded
screws at right angles to each other, each pair of blocks that are situated
diametrically opposite being thrust out or drawn in at the same time, so that
any portion of the hat may be stretched.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MANUFACTURING METALLIC HOOPS FOR CASKS OR OTHER WOODEN VESSELS OR UTENSILS, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pool at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August 1866.
I, JOHN POOL, of 31, Riley Street, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MANUFACTURING METALLIC HOOPS FOR CASKS OR OTHER WOODEN VESSELS
OR UTENSILS, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of metallic
hoops for casks and other vessels and utensils, and consists first in making
the said hoops without joint or weld, and in the required coned, or tapering,
or splayed form.
Secondly, in forming hoop iron with one side flat and the other concave, or
convex, or with one edge thicker than the other, and rolling hoop iron having
any of the transverse sections above described, or with the ordinary section
in curve, so that when jointed and riveted up it will form a cone-shaped or
splayed hoop.
And, lastly, of a machine having fixed and adjustable rollers, having their
axles inclined one to the other for giving the necessary splay to a plain
cylindrical hoop, and also easing and expanding the weldless hoops above
mentioned for or by the cooper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Allen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1866.
1, JAMES ALLEN, of Saint Margaret's Street, Canterbury, in the County
of Kent, Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-.-
My Invention of improvements in envelopes relates to the means whereby
envelopes are to be opened, and consists in the insertion of a thread, cord,
tape, gut, wire, or other similar material along one edge of the envelope, the
one end being fastened while the other end is left hanging out; this thread
is inserted permanently when the envelope is manufactured. I prefer that
these envelopes should be gummed and closed throughout the whole
length of the flap edges, so that a letter may always be entirely closed. In
opening these envelopes it is simply necessary to take hold of the projecting
end of the string, and by drawing it cut the one edge of the envelope
throughout as if it were cut with a knife. The thread is inserted in the
folding of the envelope, and the end secured by gumming it between the
flaps or otherwise. Instead of the thread being laid in under the side flap
it may be at the end, or at the end and side both, or at both ends and
side.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CASES FOR HOLDING PRESERVED MEAT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Conyer Dawson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1866.
I, EDWARD CONYER DAWSON, of Lymington, in the County of Hants,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CASES FOR HOLDING PRESERVED MEAT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the manufacture of air-tight cases,
composed of non-conducting materials, and more economical in construction
than those in ordinary use. For this purpose the case is composed of wood
and is lined with a coating or lining of plaster of. Paris, so as to protect the
preserved meat or other substance from the action of the air. The case of
wood is manufactured in the ordinary way and a coating of plaster of Paris of
suitable thickness or depth is spread over the internal surface thereof and
allowed to set, which material becomes hard and forms an internal lining for
the wooden case. Then after the preserved meat or other substance has been
packed in the case, a covering of paper, leaves, or other suitable material is
placed over the preserved meat or other substance, and a coating of plaster
of Paris in a state of suitable consistency spread over such covering and
allowed to set as before. The lid of the case is then fastened down in the
usual manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REFINING SUGAR
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark French Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1866.
I, MARK FRENCH ANDERSON, of 20, Much Park Street, Coventry,
Physician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REFINING SUGAR," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in refining sugar, and
consists in the employment of sulphate of tin in treating syrups of sugar, and
in neutralizing the sulphate of tin after heating the syrups by an alkaline earth.
For these purposes it is preferred that the requisite quantity of sulphate of
tin in solution should be intimately mixed with the syrup of sugar, and heat
applied thereto in the blow-up pan; after which the syrup is allowed to stand
in order to settle. The clear liquor is separated and the requisite quantity of
the carbonate of an alkaline earth is stirred in; the syrup is afterwards
allowed to stand or is filtered in order to separate the syrup from the other
matters, and the process of refining is then completed in the ordinary
manner.
It may be stated that the quantity of sulphate of tin employed will vary
according to the quality of the syrup of sugar to be treated. I generally
employ at the rate of about one pint of a saturated solution of sulphate of tin
to each cwt. of sugar in solution, and I employ such quantities of the alkalies
as will neutralize the quantity of sulphate of tin used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR DRIVING WIRE BLOCKS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Crossley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1866.
I, GEORGE CROSSLEY, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Millwright,
Engineer and Wire Block Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR DRIVING WIRE
BLOCKS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore wire blocks have been driven by gear wheels or tooth wheels,
and in consequence of the increased speed at which they are now required to
the driven the teeth are frequently broken out of the gear by the weight and
sudden drop of the block and spindle when throwing them from a state of
rest into gear with the rotary driving shaft. Sometimes also it is desirable to
be able to alter, or to diminish, or increase the speed of the blocks, but which
cannot conveniently be done when driven with gear wheels.
Now my improvements consist in the employment of friction wheels for
driving wire blocks instead of gear wheels. On the block spindle I fix (by
preference) a plain face plate wheel, and on the driving shaft I fix a square-
edged wheel capable of being moved nearer to or further from the block
spindle as may be required and thereby vary the speed of the block.
By this Invention breakages are prevented, the blocks driven more steadily,
and the speed thereof may be readily altered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAINS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Long at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August 1866.
I, ALFRED LONG, of 3, Aylesbury Terrace, Walworth, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FOUNTAINS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to obtain a cheap and simple fountain suitable
for the table, sideboard, conservatory, or other situation for ornamentation. For
this purpose I apply to a vase or other receiver an air chamber suitable to con-
tain the water or other liquid intended to be thrown up in a jet or in jets as well
as a sufficient quantity of compressed air to force the liquid to the jet or jets.
There may be a separate air chamber or separate air chambers in connection
with that containing the supply liquid. There may also be more than one
reservoir of supply liquid. The liquid in the reservoir or reservoirs when acted
upon by the compressed air is forced up by a passage or passages to the jet or
jets desired. The inflation of the air chamber or chambers is effected through
a flexible or other tube from the lungs, there being a suitable stop or valve
to prevent the return of such air. When the liquid has been forced by the
expansion of the air from the reservoir or reservoirs that liquid may be allowed
to return by opening a passage or passages communicating with the reservoir
or reservoirs, so that the operation may be repeated as often as may be desired.
Taps may regulate the quantity of liquid flowing through the jets.
In- PROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES AND IN SHUTTLE SKEWERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Strang at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April 1866.
I, JAMES STRANG, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Yarn Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES AND IN SHUTTLE SKEWERS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention has for one of its objects to simplify and cheapen the
manufacture of cop tubes whilst rendering them more suitable for the use to
which they are put.
Another object of the Invention is to improve the form of shuttle skewers
in order that they may hold the cops in a better manner. Cop tubes have
hitherto been made either with a taper form externally or with a parallel
form, the former being preferred in practice, whilst the latter is much more
easily and economically made. By the present Invention all the advantages
of the taper form are imparted to tubes which may be made in exactly the
same manner as common parallel tubes by forming the tube with a slit entirely
from end to end, or from one end along a greater or less portion of the tube's
length, or with two slits one from each end. This slitting of the tube enables
it to assume the preferable taper form when it is put on the winding spindle
or on the shuttle skewer, the spindle and skewer being shaped with a taper

page_text: to distend the bottom of the cop tube. Paper appears to be the best
material of which to make the improved tubes, but they may be made of
any other suitable material. When the tubes are slit all their length they
need not be first formed into complete tubes to be subsequently slit, but may
be made of pieces of paper of suitable width, these being bent or rolled into a
cylindrical form and being stiffened as in making common tubes, whilst the
paper will of course be formed in lengths to be afterwards cut into short
pieces forming the cop tubes. The improved shuttle skewer instead of being
generally round or nearly round is made narrow and flat, the narrow edges
being rounded so that the cop clutches or grips them more than the flat sides.
It is preferred to make the broad part near the point at right angles, as seen
in cross section, to the broad part near the shank, and to apply the spring with
which the skewer is usually formed to the narrow edge near the shank.
Ar IMPROVED EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND OR POWDER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sharp and Robert Smith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
27th October 1866.
We, JAMES SHARP and ROBERT SMITH, both of Blackford, in the County of
Perth, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Ar
IMPROVED EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND OR POWDER," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the combination or mixture of certain materials
which produce a compound or powder of a highly explosive character. The
compound or powder is composed of nitre, chlorate of potass, ferrocyanide of
potassium, tartrate of potass, and sulphur. It may be fired by the ordinary
methods similar to what are used for igniting gunpowder, gun cotton, and
other like substances. The compound or powder is adapted for use in blasting
rock, for being filled into shells, bombs, and other missiles or projectiles of a
similar nature, and may be used as the discharging agent for ordnance. The
proportions of the materials or ingredients which it is preferred to employ,
although other proportions may be used, are,--
Two parts of nitre ;
Two parts of chlorate of potass :
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STUDS AND BUTTONS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ashton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1866.
I, JOSEPH ASHTON, of 59, Fleet Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF STUDS AND BUTTONS," to be as follows :-
In order to manufacture studs and buttons so that the shank plate or disc
at the rear end of the shank may readily be passed through a button-hole in
place of forming them of an entire disc as heretofore usual, I form a radial
slot in the plate, or cut away a segment from it by preference, so removing
about th or th of the disc. In order to insert a shank plate so formed
through a button-hole, one of the points formed at the circumference of the
disc by cutting away a segment from it is inserted through the hole, and then
by once turning round the button or stud the whole of the shank plate is
passed through. In order further to facilitate the insertion of studs or buttons
so formed into a button-hole, one of the points at the circumference of the
shank plate may in addition be slightly bent towards and the other away from
the head of the button, or in place of this the edges where the slot has been
formed or cut away may be bevilled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING APPARATUS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Vandirbyl at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1866. A communication from abroad by John Turnbull, residing at
Melbourne, Australia.
I, PHILIP VANDIRBYL, of No. 6, Great Winchester Street, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
In constructing apparatus according to this Invention for condensing the
exhaust steam of a steam engine. or other steam the forms of the parts may be
varied so long as the steam is caused to be divided into very numerous small
jets, which, coming against a cold surface, are condensed. The arrangement
of apparatus preferred consists of an external double vessel, which is made
most conveniently of a cylindrical form; cold water is caused to circulate
freely through the double sides of this vessel. Within the external vessel is
an internal vessel, also made double, and through which cold water is also
caused to flow. By these means the inner surface of the exterior vessel and
the outer surface of the interior vessel are kept constantly cold. The top and
bottom of the exterior vessel are closed air and steam tight, and there aro
proper supply and overflow pipes to the water spaces above mentioned. The
exhaust steam from a steam engine or otherwise is conveyed through a hollow

page_text: axis, which passes through a stuffing box formed in the top cover of the
exterior vessel. The hollow axis is arranged to have a slow rotating motion
communicated to it when the steam engine is at work. On the lower part
of the hollow axis is formed a hollow case which in form corresponds with but
is less than the space enclosed by the outer and interior vessels. The hollow
case which is carried by and revolves with the hollow axis is perforated with
numerous small holes through which the steam rushes and is thereby divided
into small jets which come against the cold surfaces, and the steam is thus
very quickly condensed. The rotating case after being perforated is coated
inside and out with tin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF. ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Turner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November
1866.
I, LUKE TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Fabric Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF. ELASTIC FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to so arrange the parts for altering the speed
of the taking-off roller or cylinder in braiding machines for the manufacture
of elastic fabrics that the ordinary series of cone pullies of varying diameters
may be dispensed with, and one pulley only used in place thereof. By the
arrangement hereafter described the taking-off roller may be increased in
width, and a pressure roller may be adapted thereto. On the shaft of this
taking-off roller or cylinder is mounted a pinion, which takes into an inter-
mediate wheel, which is driven by a pinion on the snail worm or screw.shaft.
By changing the pinion on the snail or worm shaft the speed of the taking-off
roller or cylinder may be altered at pleasure. Other methods of driving the
shaft of the taking-off roller or cylinder may be employed; for instance, this
object may be effected by the employment of cone pullies, but the main
feature of the Invention consists in dispensing with the cone pullies on the
shaft of the taking-off roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING CAST. IRON
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Livesey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July
1866. A communication from abroad by Thomas Blair, residing at
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, JAMES LIVESEY, of 10, Park Street, Westminster, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING CAST.
IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of cast iron in the solid state for
the removal of such impurities as can be volatilized at a temperature below
the melting point of the metal.
The method of operation is as follows:-The cast iron may be taken in the
form of "pig iron" or when cast into plates, but it is more readily operated on
if the iron is first treated in the manner described in a Provisional Specification
filed by me on the 21st day of May 1866, (No 1430.) The metal is placed
in a suitable chamber for being heated to the required degree which must not.
reach the melting point of the iron. The iron is isolated from contact with
the fuel and its resultant gases by placing it in a close chamber and letting
the heat circulate in flues outside its walls, as is done in cementing. When
the iron has been raised to a heat not less than redness a current of pure air
heated in its passage to the chamber is admitted beneath, and allowed to escape
above, so that a current is continuously passing through and among the mass
or pile of iron. When the process has been continued so long as by experiment
is shown desirable for the kind of iron under treatment, the charge is

page_text: withdrawn from the chamber, and the process renewed upon a fresh charge.
Instead of pure air steam may be used, and either of these may be charged
with saline, alkaline, or chlorine gases to make the process more rapid and
searching.
I prefer to so place the chamber that the waste heat of the furnace in
which the iron is to be afterwards melted shall be applied for the process
herein indicated, and the metal after treatment be dropped directly into it, thus
utilizing the heat then present in the iron. Placed upon the top of a
puddling furnace or an air furnace for melting cast iron for the "Bessemer
process," or for foundry processes, the refining chamber carries on its work
upon one charge while the preceding one is manipulated in the furnace
beneath, thus improving the iron and delivering it at the proper moment to
be worked in turn, thus also facilitating the operations of the furnace proper,
and restoring to it much heat now lost.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEDSTEADS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frances Phillipson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1866.
I, WILLIAM FRANCES PHILLIPSON, of 7, Wellington Quay, in the City of
Dublin, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEDSTEADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists essentially in the manufacture of bedsteads mainly
constructed of wood and iron or other metal combined, whereby the advantages
of. both materials are combined without the disadvantages of a bedstead
composed wholly of metal or of wood.
As an example of one mode of carrying out this Invention I propose to
construct the frame, pillars, and other important parts of a bedstead, as well
as the whole of the joints, of cast iron or other metal, thereby securing the
advantages of easy fitting, non-liability to shrinkage, and cleanliness, whilst I
further secure a more highly ornamental effect and a more substantial
appearance by combining with such metal frame wood in the form of panels,
or otherwise forming the sides, head and foot boards, and other important
parts, which may advantageously be constructed of wood, and which may be
ornamented according to taste, and secured to the metal work by screws or
other well-known fastenings.
IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD FOR FACILITATING ARTILLERY AND RIFLE PRACTICE AT LONG DISTANCES ON SHORT RANGES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Cusack at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1866.
I, JAMES WILLIAM CUSACK, of No. 29, Lancaster Gate, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD FOR FACILITATING ARTILLERY AND RIFLE PRACTICE
AT LONG DISTANCES ON SHORT RANGES," to be as follows:-
It is proposed that a target representing the apparent size of one at any
given distance should be erected in front of a short range butt, and over it
another of the same size at such a height as will intercept the ball in its flight
to the long range, this position being determined by the height of the trajectory
over the horizontal line. The shooter aiming at the lower target the ball
will be intercepted by the upper target, which may work on rods graduated
according to the distance at which it is desired to practise. The target to be
fired at shall both in colour and size be made to represent the one at a long
distance as it appears to the eye. The upper target may be the same colour
as the butt, so as not to attract the attention of the shooter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING AND. EXTENDING THE SKIRTS OF LADIES' DRESSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Desirée Gautier, and Albert
Domeier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th May 1866.
We, DESIRÉE GAUTIER, of 14, New Cavendish Street, Portland Place, in
the County of Middlesex, and ALBERT DOMEIER, of Basinghall Chambers,
Basinghall Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING AND.
EXTENDING THE SKIRTS OF LADIES' DRESSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for supporting
and extending the skirts of ladies' dresses. For these purposes light steel
hoops, or hoops of other suitable elastic material, or parts of hoops are inserted.
in or attached to an under garment, or are suspended by tapes as heretofore..
Although when desired such hoops may pass all round the person, it is pre-
ferred that they should only be at the back of the wearer. At intervals other
short lengths of similar steel or other suitable material are attached to the
ordinary hoops by their two ends, so as to produce elastic projections. on the
ordinary hoops, and these as they rise from the lower parts. of a dress are
formed of a less and less diameter, so that conical elastic tubes are produced by
such elastic projections, and the fabric which connects them together, and such
conical tubes project out from the ordinary hoops and form. conical elastic
ridges rising from the lower parts of the dress up to or towards the waist of
the person on which the skirt of the outer dress rests and hangs in folds..
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cottam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1866.
I, EDWARD COTTAM, of Battersea, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC
PRESSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination of a central supplementary
hydraulic speed ram of comparatively small diameter with one, two, or more
bydraulic rams of greater diameter. The action is, that speed is first gained
from the small speed ram and then followed by power from the larger power
ram or rams, the object being to obtain speed at the early part of the stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUN BARRELS AND ORDNANCE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL TUBES. FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marshall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1867.
I, JOHN MARSHALL, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, Ironmaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF GUN BARRELS AND ORDNANCE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL TUBES. FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of seamless gun barrels, ordnance,
and tubes, and consists of the improvements hereinafter described in forming
the moulds to be made into the said seamless gun barrels, ordnance, and
tubes.
The methods heretofore employed for making seamless gun barrels and
ordnance are principally as follows:-A lump of steel or iron is heated. and a
hole punched therein, and the punched lump of iron or steel is then reduced
by hammering, rolling, or drawing to a mould of a suitable size, to be after-
wards reduced by rolling into a gun barrel or ordnance. Lumps of iron or
steel are also drilled while cold and afterwards drawn down to the size
required for rolling gun barrels and ordnance.
gun barrels and ordnance. Bars of iron or steel are also
rolled and hammered into the size of a gun barrel or ordnance and afterwards
bored or drilled.
My Invention consists in making moulds to be converted into gun barrels,.
ordnance, or tubes by rolling or otherwise forming pieces of iron or steel of a

page_text: suitable shape and size, and afterwards drilling a hole in the axis of each of
the said pieces of iron or steel.. The moulds so formed are then ready to be
rolled, hammered, or drawn into gun barrels, ordnance, or tubes. By my
improvements greater uniformity of. size in the bore of the gun barrel,
ordnance, or tube is readily obtained than by the ordinary methods of manu-
facture. Although my Invention is especially applicable to the manufacture
-of-gun-barrels.and ordnance, yet it may also be applied to the manufacture of
tubes for gas and water, and for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE AND REFINING OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Player at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 8th October
1867.
I, JOHN PLAYER, of Glaisdale, Yarm, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE AND REFINING OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the refining, dephosphorising, and desulphurising
crude pig iron by mixing it in a furnace, cupola, or refinery (in addition to
the coke or other fuel, by which it is melted, and suitable fluxes) with ores or
minerals containing a large per-centage of titanium, manganese, or copper
mixed with iron, for instance, as minerals found in Norway, New Zealand,
and elsewhere, and sold and known as titanic iron ore, ilmenite, and by other
I use by preference a cupola or small blast furnace constructed
somewhat similar to cupolas used for melting iron for foundries or a refinery,
and I use blast or draft through tuyers, by which the materials are melted;
above these tuyers I use when required steam jets, by which steam is injected
into and amongst the minerals, metals, and fuel; this has the effect of lowering
the temperature in upper part of the cupola or furnace and carrying off
sulphur and other impurities been sublimed by the action of the blast. The
ilmenite when melted parts with a portion of its iron and titanium and other
metals which are amalgamated and mixed with the melted pig iron in the
hearth. Phosphorus which may be in the furnace having a greater affinity

page_text: for titanium or titanic acid than for iron leaves the latter and passes off in the
slag. The refined metal is tapped off into moulds and cast into ingots or slabs.
The product obtained by thus smelting minerals or ore with pig iron is hard
and compact for castings, and when it is puddled or Bessemerised gives a
superior quality of malleable iron or steel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PENHOLDERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Etienne Mounier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th August
1867.
I, ETIENNE MOUNIER, of the City of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PENHOLDERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to pen and ink holding penholders, and are as
follows: The handle is in two parts screwed together, the upper one serving
as a reservoir; the lower part bearing the pen is furnished with a spring, the
bottom of which terminates in a small flat plate for closing or opening the
bottom of the holder and allowing or intercepting the passage of ink. In
the interior of the lower part are two grooves, a slot or opening being punched
near the top, the object of which will be mentioned hereafter.
The pen-fitting part is furnished with two stops fitting in the grooves above
mentioned, and a small shaft connected to this part moves in the slot which it
fits hermetically, and effectually prevents the passage of air; for this purpose
the opening is supplied with an india-rubber or leather washer. The part
which holds the pen acts on the spring bearing the plate, and according as it
advances or recedes it lowers or raises it to allow of the passage of the pen in
its removal, and also to close-the-opening_when_the_pen is fixed. This back-
ward and forward movement of the pen-fixing piece is produced by pushing
the shaft backwards or forwards by means of a button or knob sliding in the
before-mentioned slot or opening.

page_text: The pen consists of a hollow tube forming a small reservoir above the nibs,
which regulates the flow of ink from the main receiver. Both ends of the
pen-holding piece are open, as well as the side, so that when the tubular pen
is fixed in it the ink reaches its interior, and is held in the pen by the pressure
of the air. The form of this pen is such that it is supplied with the greatest
facility and regularity; it is flat and slightly drawn in at the entrance of its
basin or reservoir, so as to reduce the pressure of the ink in such manner that
the quantity contained in the reservoir makes it equipoise. The ink flows
from the basin to the nibs by means of an opening cut longitudinally from the
centre of the basin and reaching to the nibs, which it feeds continuously
during the action of writing; this supply is produced by absorption and by
virtue of the light and gradual pressure exercised by the air on the ink
-contained in the reservoir.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND FLYERS EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Alexander Fitton and
Thomas Hall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th April 1867:
We, FREDERICK ALEXANDER FITTON, of the Beehive Spindle Works, Bengal
Street, in the City of Manchester, and THOMAS HALL, of Grafton Place,
Ardwick, in the City of Manchester, Foreman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND FLYERS EMPLOYED
IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements refer to the spindles and flyers used in spinning and
other machines, and it consists in dispensing with the screw thread usually
employed for connecting the flyer to the spindle.
In performing our Invention the eye or boss of the flyer is bored two sizes,
the larger size of the hole extends nearly the whole length of the eye or boss
of the flyer from bottom to top, and at the top it is bored smaller. The top
of the spindle is turned to fit the eye of the flyer, having a groove in its upper
end into which the small diameter of the flyer boss takes; above the groove a
collar is formed from the solid spindle, which collar is larger than the smaller
part of the flyer eye to allow the collar on the top of the spindle to pass
through the small part of the flyer eye, two sides of this collar and two sides
of the small part of the flyer eye are taken off. On the top of the flyer boss two

page_text: inclines are formed, so that when the spindle is passed through the eye of the
flyer the collar on the spindle will, when either the spindle or flyer are turned
partially round, bind and tighten the flyer between the shoulder on the top of
the spindle and the collar before referred to, or the top of the spindle may be
turned taper between the taper part of the spindle and the collar of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSFERRING DEVICES IN LACE AND OTHER FABRICS, AND FAC-SIMILES OF TEXTURES ON TO PRINTING SURFACES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE DEVICES AND TEXTURES OBTAINED FROM SUCH SURFACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann von Schlagintweit
Sakünlünski at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 22nd July 1867.
I, HERMANN VON SCHLAGINTWEIT SAKÜNLÜNSKI, of Weymouth Street,
Portland Place, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSFERRING DEVICES
IN LACE AND OTHER FABRICS, AND FAC-SIMILES OF TEXTURES ON TO PRINTING
SURFACES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE DEVICES AND TEXTURES OBTAINED FROM
SUCH SURFACES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce by the aid of the printing process
representations of reticulated ornamental fabrics and fac-similes of textures,
for the purpose of ornamenting fabrics used for furniture or dresses, and for
producing illustrations for pattern and other books.
The Invention is particularly applicable to the production of imitation lace
borders upon silk dresses, and may also be advantageously employed by lace
makers for obtaining and multiplying illustrations of their new patterns. To
this end a printing surface is obtained by a novel process, and impressions are
then worked off therefrom in the ordinary way of printing. Suppose for
example it is required to produce a printing surface representing given
pattern of a lace border, I form an inking pad, by covering with ordinary
transfer printing ink a piece of half-sized paper; upon this I place the lace
and cover it with one or two sheets of paper, I then apply pressure to the
lace which causes the transfer ink to adhere to the threads composing the

page_text: meshes and pattern. The lace thus inked is then to be applied to a lithographic
stone or printing surface, and by means of pressure it will be caused to transfer
its own pattern to the stone. The stone is then to be treated in the ordinary
way of preparing lithographic printing surfaces, and copies of the transfer may
be worked off on to silk or paper or other fabric in the ordinary manner. When
the fabric is of a thicker texture than lace it will be requisite to provide a
more elastic inking pad than that described in order that it may yield to the
pressure put on it and bring the inked surface fairly into contact with the
threads of the tissue.