Improvements in and relating to Machinery or Apparatus for Grinding and Polishing.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 19th July, 1894
Complete Specification Loft 10th Ane 1805 Accented fot Juno
1805
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Machinery or Apparatus for
Grinding and Polishing.
We, ARCHER EDWARDS and RICHARD JOHN EDWARDS, both of Luke Street,
Curtain Road, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our present invention relates to machinery or apparatus used for grinding and
polishing metal or other surfaces, and more especially to such apparatus in which
a soft material such, for instance, as felt, is used in combination with emery or other
suitable abrasive or polishing powder.
Such a felt polishing wheel, or "bob," as ordinarily used, consists of a piece of
felt of sufficient thickness say, one inch, fixed round the circumference of a wooden
wheel, or of a solid disc of felt, in which there is considerable waste of material
both in manufacture and in use, and our invention has for its object more especially
novel methods of making such wheels or polishing devices, so that there is little or
no waste, and so that they are very strong, durable, and effective, easily constructed,
and renewed without difficulty when necessary.
Supposing that our invention is to be applied to a wheel of sufficient width, -
round the periphery of which the felt or soft material of a like kind, is to be
applied we make the wheel preferably of cast iron, having an external flange of
sufficient width and thickness, which flange is connected to the centre or boss of
the wheel, by a disc or arms at one side of the flange only.
On the outside of the flange we make a recess extending completely round the
wheel, dovetail-shaped in cross-section, its narrowest part being at the outer
periphery of the flange and nearly as wide as the latter. Into this groove or recess
we fit a sufficient number of thicknesses of felt, or other suitable soft material, to
extend completely round the wheel, the thicknesses of felt being first cut to a size
and shape to fit the recess, their outer edges projecting somewhat beyond the outer
periphery of the flange.
In order to facilitate the packing of the thicknesses of felt tightly together
round the wheel, we make openings at frequent intervals, through the bottom of
the recess and flange of the wheel, such openings being of sufficient width to allow
one (or more) of the thicknesses of felt to be inserted from the back between those
which have been first inserted from the outer side of the recess. The openings at
the bottom of the recess are then closed by sliding or other doors, so that the felt
is prevented from coming out, and the wheel so constructed forms, when revolving
at a sufficient speed, and provided with a suitable abrasive or polishing powder, an
admirable means of rapidly and effectively polishing metal or other surfaces.
Instead of the dovetail-shaped recess round the periphery of the wheel, we
sometimes, for certain purposes form the face of the wheel conical, and we make a
dovetailed recess round it in such conical face to receive the felt or other like
substance. Holes or openings similar to those already described, are made at
intervals for the purpose of inserting thicknesses of material from the back, as
already described, and the openings are securely closed by doors or covers.
When two such wheels as those just described are arranged face to face upon
the same or upon different revolving shafts, the two conical polishing surfaces form,

page_text: in side view, angular or V-shaped openings, in which round rods or tubes can be
conveniently and effectively ground and polished. The angles of the sides of the
recesses may be made variable.
In the arrangement first described, in which thicknesses of felt are fitted into a
recess in the periphery of the wheel, we sometimes use the following modified
method of arrangement :-
We make the wheel itself-consist of two parallel discs, one of which is fixed
upon the axle, whilst the other can be accurately adjusted and fixed at the required
distance from the first.
Round the inner side or face of each disc, at a short distance from the outer
periphery, we make a projecting rib or flange, and we make the thicknesses of felt,
or other suitable soft material, rectangular instead of dovetailed in shape, and in
each lateral edge we make a notch or recess which fits upon the ribs or flauges on
the discs. When a-sufficient number of thicknesses have been adjusted and fitted
upon the flange round the fixed disc, the loose disc is brought up against them, its
flange entering the notches upon the side of the thicknesses, and is tightened up
against them, and fixed so as to hold the whole firmly and securely in position when
revolving.
In the methods of construction described, the outer parts of the several thicknesses
of material may be left projecting radially to a considerable distance beyond the
periphery of the wheel, so that when the latter is revolving and the article to be
ground or polished is pressed upon them, they are bent down upon one another,
and form a soft and effective grinding or polishing surface. The several thicknesses
are held in place in the methods already described, or by a sufficient number of
threads or wires threaded through them round the wheel. The inner edges of the
several thicknesses may be glued or cemented to the wheel.
Instead of felt or other suitable soft substance as described, a sufficient number
of thicknesses of emery or glass cloth or paper, may be used, which, when the wheel
revolves, and the article to be ground or polished is pressed upon them, are bent
down upon one another, their abrasive surfaces being outward.
Where the grinding or polishing wheel is to be. of considerable length in
proportion to its diameter, so as to constitute a drum rather than a wheel, we
preferably cover the circumference of such drum with a long strip of felt or other
suitable material, such as list, wound round the drum helically, with one of its
edges projecting outwardly and the several coils lying close against each other
round the drum.
In order to conveniently wind such strip edgeways round the drum, we make the
latter with a flange at one end, projecting to a distance preferably somewhat less
than the width of the strip, and we fix the drum in a vertical position, with the
flange at its lower end. We attach one end of the strip to the flange by any suitable
means, and we fit freely.upon the boss of the drum a heavy metal ring, through
which passes a radial inclined slit, into which the flexible strip is introduced, th
coil from which it is supplied being carried in bearings or supports carried by the
ring, and suitable tension apparatus of any of the well-known kinds being provided,
by which the strip is prevented from being supplied too readily.
When the metal ring is turned regularly round upon the drum, the strip passing
through it is carried helically and regularly round, and the succeeding coils are
kept pressed tightly together by the weight of the metal ring. When the drum
has been sufficiently covered, the ring is removed, and a flange is fitted and fixed
upon the drum, to which the end of the strip is attached.
Instead of the metal ring being made to turn round, it may be prevented from
revolving, and the drum itself turned round.
A recess in the conical face of a conical wheel may similarly be filled with a strip
of felt, or other suitable material, wound helically or spirally in it, so that the
edges of the adjoining coils project above the recess and form the polishing surface.
The outer coils in the recess may be held firmly by a separate metal ring, tightening
the several thicknesses or coils together.

page_text: Or, instead of a metal spring, a central ball or block of sufficiently soft indiarubber
may be used.
Where grinding and polishing surfaces are formed upon the faces of revolving
discs, it is sometimes desirable that such discs should be capable, whilst revolving at
a high speed, of moving or yielding to some extent in every direction. For this
purpose, we make the disc, which fits freely round the driving shaft, with a circular
recess at the back, into which is fitted a coiled spiral strip or spring of iron, steel,
or other sufficiently strong, flexible, and elastic material, the other end of which is
attached to the recess in the disc, whilst its inner end is attached to the driving
shaft, or to a boss or ring formed or fixed upon the latter.
This spiral coil or spring ferms a universal joint which allows the disc to move,
to a sufficient extent in any direction without interfering with its proper revolution."
When two such discs, constructed in the manner described, are arranged so as to
revolve upon the same or adjoining shafts, with their faces near each other, they
form a very soft and effective grinding or polishing device, the two faces of which
can separate sufficiently as they revolve, to form a V-shaped recess, in which bars,
tubes, or other articles, can be very conveniently and quickly ground and polished.
We do not confine ourselves to the precise methods of construction and arrange-
ment described, which may be varied more or less according to the conditions under
which the wheels are to be used, and the purposes to which they are to be applied.
Dated this 16th day of July 1894.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SET
Improvements in and relating to Machinery or Apparatus for
Grinding and Polishing.
We, ARCHER EDWARDS, and RICHARD JOHN EDWARDS, both of Luke Street,
Curtain Road, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, and
accompanying drawings, that is to say :-
Our present invention relates to machinery or apparatus used for grinding and
polishing metal or other surfaces, and more especially to such apparatus in which a
soft material such, for instance, as felt, is used in combination with emery or other
suitable abrasive or polishing powder.
Such a felt polishing wheel, or "bob," as ordinarily used, consists of a piece of
felt of sufficient thickness, say one inch, fixed round the circumference of a wooden
wheel, or of a solid disc of felt, in which there is considerable waste of material
both in manufacture and in use, and our invention has for its object more especially
novel methods of making such wheels or polishing devices, so that there is little or
no waste, and they are very strong, durable, and effective, easily constructed, and
the polishing parts can be renewed without difficulty when necessary.
The accompanying drawings are in illustration of our invention.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section, Figure 2 in front view (partly broken
off), and Figure 3 in plan, our invention applied to a wheel of sufficient width,
round the periphery of which the felt, or soft material of a like kind, is to be
applied. We make the wheel preferably of cast iron, having an external flange a
of sufficient width and thickness, which flauge is connected to the centre or boss of
the wheel b, by a disc c, or arms at one side of the flange a only, as shewn in
Figure 1. On the outside of the flange we make a recess, extending completely
round the wheel, dove-tail-shaped in cross-section, (as shewn in Figure 1), its
narrowest part being at the outer periphery of the flange and nearly as wide as the

page_text: latter. Into this groove or recess d we fit a sufficient number of thicknesses e, of
felt, or other suitable soft material, to extend completely round the wheel, the
thicknesses of felt being first cut to a size and shape to fit the recess, their outer
edges projecting somewhat beyond the outer periphery of the flange.
In order to facilitate the packing of the thicknesses e of felt tightly together
round the wheel, we make openings, one of which is shewn at f, at frequent intervals,
through the bottom of the recess and flange of the wheel, such openings being of
sufficient width to allow one (or more) of the thicknesses of felt e to be inserted
from the back between those which have been first inserted from the outer side of
the recess. The openings at the bottom of the recess are then closed by sliding or
other doors, so that the felt is prevented from coming out, and the wheel so
constructed forms, when revolving at a sufficient speed, and provided with a suitable
abrasive or polishing powder, an admirable means of rapidly and effectively
polishing metal or other surfaces. It will be seen that by our improved method of
construction the thicknesses of felt can be very easily removed and replaced when
necessary.
Instead of the dove-tail-shaped recess round the periphery of the wheel, we
sometimes, for certain purposes, form the face of the wheel conical, (as illustrated
in vertical section in Figure 4), and we make a dovetailed recess d round it in such
conical face to receive the felt or other like substance e, in the same way as already
described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3. Holes or openings (one of which
is represented at f) similar to those already described, are made at intervals for the
purpose of inserting thicknesses e of material from the back, as already described,
and the openings are securely closed by doors or covers.
When two such wheels as those just described are arranged face to face upon the
same or upon differeut revolving shafts, the two conical polishing surfaces form, in
side view, angular or V-shaped openings, in which round rods or tubes can be
conveniently and effectively ground aud polished. The angles of the sides of the
recesses may be made variable.
In the form of arrangement first described, in which thicknesses of felt are fitted
into a recess in the periphery of the wheel, we sometimes use the following
modified method of arrangement, illustrated in Figure 5, in vertical section, partly
broken off.
We make the wheel itself consist of two parallel discs, one of which 9 is fixed
upon the axle h, whilst the other i can be accurately adjusted and fixed at the
required distance from the first g.
Round the inner side or face of each disc, at a short distance from the outer
periphery, we make a projecting rib or flange k, and we make the thicknesses e of
felt; or other suitable soft material, rectangular instead of dovetailed in shape, and
in cach lateral edge we make a notch or recess which fits upon the ribs or flanges k
on the discs as shewn. When a sufficient number of thicknesses e have been
adjusted and fitted upon the flange k round the fixed disc g, the loose disc i is
brought up against them, its flauge k entering the notches upon the side of the
thicknesses e, and is tightened up against them by a nut as shewn, or other
equivalent means, and fixed so as to hold the whole firmly and securely in position
when revolving, whilst the thicknesses of felt can be very easily removed and
replaced when necessary.
In the methods of construction described, the outer parts of the several
thicknesses e of material may be left projecting radially as shewn to a considerable
distance beyond the periphery of the wheel, so that when the latter is revolving
and the article to be ground or polished is pressed upon them, they are bent down
upon one another, and form a soft and effective grinding or polishing surface.
The several thicknesses are held in place in the methods already described,
or by a sufficient number of threads or wires threaded through them round the
wheel.
The inner edges of the several thicknesses e may be glued or cemented to the
wheel.

page_text: Instead of felt or other suitable soft substance as described, a sufficient number
of thicknesses of emery or glass cloth or paper, may be used, which when the wheel
revolves and the article to be ground or polished is pressed upon them, are bent.
down upon one another, their abrasive surfaces being outward.
When the grinding or polishing wheel is to be of considerable length in
proportion to its diameter, so as to constitute a drum rather than a wheel, (as
illustrated in Figure 6), we preferably cover the circumference of such drum with
a long strip of felt, or other suitable material e, such as list, wound round the drum
helically, with one of its edges projecting outwardly, and the several coils lying
close against each other round the drum.
In order conveniently to wind such strip edgeways round the drum, we preferably
use the arrangement illustrated in vertical section in Figure 7, and in front view in
Figure 8. We make the drum m with a flange n at one end, projecting to a
distance preferably somewhat less than the width of the strip e, and we fix the drum
in a vertical position, with the Hange n at its lower end. We attach one end of the
strip e, to the flange by any suitable means, and we fit freely upon the drum a heavy
metal ring o, through which passes a radial inclined slit p, into which the flexible
stripe is introduced, the coil from which it is supplied being carried in bearings or
supports s carried by the ring o, and suitable tension apparatus of any of the
well-known kinds being provided, if necessary, by which the strip e is prevented
from being supplied too readily.
When the metal 'ring o is turned regularly round upon the drum, the strip e
passing through it is carried helically and regularly round, and the succeeding coils
are kept pressed tightly together by the weight of the metal ring. When the
drum m has been sufficiently covered, the ring o is removed, and a flange t (Figure 6),
is fitted and fixed upon the drum in any convenient way, to which the end of the
stripe is attached.
Instead of the netal ring being made to turn round, may be prevented from
revolving, and the drum itself turned round.
The outer surface of the drum may be coated with glue or cement to receive the
strip e, or it may be made of perforated metal, and the glue supplied from
inside.
A recess in the conical face of a conical wheel may similarly be filled with a strip
of felt, or other suitable material, wound helically or spirally in it, so that the edges
of the adjoining coils project above the recess and form the polishing surface. The
outer coils in the recess may be held firmly by a separate metal ring, tightening the
several thicknesses or coils together. The grinding and polishing surface can be
very easily removed and renewed when necessary.
Where grinding and polishing surfaces are formed upon the faces of revolving
discs, it is sometimes desirable that such discs should be capable, whilst revolving
at a high speed, of moving or yielding to some extent in every direction. For this
purpose (as illustrated in section in Figure 9, and in back view in Figure 10), we
make the disc, u which fits freely round the driving shaft v, with a circular recess
at the back, into which is fitted a coiled spiral strip or spring w of iron, steel, or
other sufficiently strong, flexible, and elastic material, the outer end of which is
attached to the recess in the disc, whilst its inner end is attached to the driving
shaft v, or to a boss or ring formed or fixed upon the latter.
This spiral coil or spring w forms a universal joint which allows the disc u to
move to a sufficient extent in any direction without interfering with its proper
revolution. The grinding or polishing surface e is attached to the front of the
disc u.
Or, instead of a metal spring, a central ball or block of sufficiently soft india-
rubber may be used.
When two such discs, constructed in the manner described, are arranged so as to
revolve upon the same or adjoining shafts with their faces near each other, they
form a very soft and effective grinding or polishing device, the two faces of which
can separate sufficiently as they revolve, to form a V-shaped recess, in which

page_text: bars, tubes, or other articles, can be very conveniently and quickly ground and
polished.
We do not confine ourselves to the precise methods of construction and
arrangement described, which may be varied more or less according to the
conditions under which the wheels are to be used, and the purposes to which they
are to be applied, but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The grinding or polishing apparatus, consisting of a wheel, the circumference
of which has a recess into which thicknesses of soft material such as felt are fitted
completely round the wheel, so that they can be very easily removed, replaced, or
renewed, substantially as described and illustrated.
2. In the grinding or polishing wheel claimed in Claim 1, the dove-tail-shaped
recess to receive the thicknesses of soft material, substantially as described and
illustrated.
3. In combination with the dove-tailed shaped recess described and claimed in
Claim 2, the openings provided with covers, for the purpose of introducing the
thicknesses of soft material, substantially as described and illustrated.
'
4. The grinding or polishing apparatus, consisting of a disc fixed upon a shaft, a
corresponding disc loose upon the shaft, and projecting ribs upon the inner faces of
the two discs, in combination with thicknesses of soft material having lateral
notches fitting upon the projecting ribs, and means for tightening and fixing the
loose disc so as to firmly hold the soft material between the two discs, and so that the
thicknesses of soft material can be readily removed, replaced, and renewed, substan-
tially as described, and illustrated in Figure 5.
5. In grinding or polishing apparatus, the combination of a drum fixed upon a
shaft, and having a radial flange, a strip of flexible material such as felt, wound
helically round the drum, and having a loose flange fitted upon the drum and
provided with means for fixing it upon the drum, substantially as described, and
illustrated in Figure 6.
.
6. The method of winding the flexible strip upon the drum as described and
claimed in Claim 5, consisting of a moveable weight o having an inclined radial
slit. p, a spindle carrying a coil of the flexible material, and carried by a support s
upon the weight o, and means of revolving the weight o, or the drum m,
substantially as and for the purpose described, and illustrated in Figures 7 and 8.
7. The grinding or polishing apparatus, consisting of a disc u, provided with
grinding or polishing material e and carried upon a revolving shaft v, with the
intervention of a spring w, forming an elastic universal joint, substantially as and
for the purpose described, and illustrated in Figures 9 and 10.
Dated this 17th day of April 1895.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.