IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING AND SIZING YARN AND THREAD
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Marland, of Ivy Cottage, Hunslet, Leeds, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING AND SIZING YARN AND
THREAD."
Sealed the 17th May 1861, and dated the 21st November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Marland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1860.
I, JOHN MARLAND, of Ivy Cottage, Hunslet, Leeds, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING AND SIZEING YARN AND
THREAD," to be as follows:-
I take the yarn from the cops or bobbins, or from long spools from the
winding machine, with any given number of threads required. When warped
from the bobbin or cop I place the creel in front of the reel and pass the
yarns through a reed, then under and over two rollers which are made to
perform two duties,-first, to prevent the yarn or threads from passing on to
the reel loose, when they break or come off at the bottom; second, these
rollers are made to count or measure the number of yards as the yarns pass
over them, and here the warp is marked by machinery; these rollers are
driven from the reel by a cone or otherwise, which increases their speed as
the coil enlarges upon the reel and keeps the tension uniform, the reel gaining
more or less as the stretch of the yarn requires. When I warp from the long

page_text: spool I connect the delivery of the yarns from the long spool in place of the
intermediate rollers, as above described, and only use them for measuring the
yarns as they pass on to the reel, and are turned by the yarns passing under
and over them.
The next improvement consists in placing the warp upon the reel in a
condensed or contracted form in sections, divided by flanges composed of tin
or zinc, or other thin material which takes up so small a space upon the reel
that there are no soft places or inconvenience in rewinding on to the weaving
beam.
My object in contracting the warp on the reel is, that it enables me to use
sizing rollers of much narrower compass, thereby saving much expense and
having more perfection in their evenness, as it is both expensive and difficult
to get long or wide rollers sufficiently true the whole length to give a uniform
pressure upon a thin sheet of warp. There is also this advantage that the
warp is more portable, and can be taken off a narrow beam and sent away if
required in the chain, which is frequently the case at present for the purpose
of dyeing or sale; and if its removal is only for a short distance to be woven I
would recommend winding it upon a narrow "portable" beam, to be rewound
upon the weaving beam in the usual way, and this gives all the advantages of
a properly dressed warp.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Marland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MARLAND, of Ivy Cottage, Hunslet, Leeds, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Marland, Her special licence that I, the said John Marland,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Marland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: WARPING AND SIZEING YARN AND THREAD," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Marland, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Marland, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement thereof, that is to say :-
I take the yarn from the cops or bobbins or from long spools from the
winding machine with any given number of threads required. When warped
from the bobbin or cop I place the creel in front of the reel and pass the
yarns through a reed, then under and over two rollers, which are made to
perform two duties,-first, to prevent the yarn or threads from cops passing on
to the reel loose when they break or come off at the bottom; second, these
rollers are made to count or measure the number of yards as the yarns pass
over them, as is well understood in other classes of machinery, and here the
warp is marked by machinery by a ruler or marker, which is caused to
descend into and mark the yarn by the counting apparatus. These rollers are
driven from the reel by a cone or otherwise which increases their speed as the
coil enlarges upon the reel and keeps the tension uniform, the reel gaining
more or less as the stretch of the yarn requires. When I warp from the long
spool I connect the delivery of the yarns from the long spool in place of the
intermediate rollers, as above described, and only use them for measuring the
yarns as they pass on to the reel, and are turned by the yarns passing under
and over them.
The next improvement consists in placing the warp upon the reel in a
condensed or contracted form by winding in sections formed on the reel by
flanges applied at short distances apart on the reel. The flanges are composed
of tin or zinc, or other thin material which takes up but small space upon the
reel, such discs forming walls between the sections of the yarn or thread,
so that there are no soft places or inconvenience in rewinding on to the
weaving beam.
My object in contracting the warp on the reel is that it enables me to use
sizeing rollers of much narrower compass, suitable in each case for a section on
the reel, thereby saving much expense and having more perfection in their
evenness, as it is both expensive and difficult to get long or wide rollers

page_text: sufficiently true the whole length to give a uniform pressure upon a thin sheet
of warp. There is also this advantage that the warp is more portable and can
be taken off on to narrow beams, and sent away if required in the chain,
which is frequently the case at present for the purpose of dyeing or sale; and
if its removal is only for a short distance to be woven, I would recommend
winding it upon a narrow portable beam to be rewound upon the weaving
beam in the usual way, and this gives all the advantages of a properly dressed
warp.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I make no claim to any of the mechanical parts
separately, but only the combination thereof, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Marland, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.