IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR GLAZING SPINDLES FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING MACHINERY AND OTHER SPINDLES OR SHAFTS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Bradley Ardrey, Samuel Beckett, and Walton
Smith, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
GRINDING OR GLAZING SPINDLES FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING MACHINERY
AND OTHER SPINDLES OR SHAFTS."
Sealed the 27th July 1866, and dated the 30th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey,
Samuel Beckett, and Walton Smith. at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 30th January 1866..
We, SAMUEL BRADLEY ARDREY, SAMUEL BECKETT, and' WALTON SMITH, Of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS FOR GRINDING OR GLAZING SPINDLES FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING
MACHINERY AND OTHER SPINDLES OR SHAFTS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the application of two or more rotatory stones;
emery' rollers, or other grinding surfaces acting simultaneously against the
spindle or shaft to be ground or glazed. These grinding surfaces we mount
upon shafts which are capable of swivelling upon centres, whereby the said:
grinding surfaces can be caused to approach towards or recede from each
other, and thus in the case of tapered spindles the grinding, surfaces are
adjusted to the varying diameters' thereof. In order to cause this adjustment.

page_text: to be self-acting we employ a "shaper plate," which by acting upon rods and
levers causes the shafts of the grinding surfaces to swivel as before mentioned.
These shafts we also mount in adjustable bearings for the purpose of allowing
them to be moved bodily as the grinding surfaces become worn. The spindle
or shaft to be ground we place in a chuck by which it is held, the said chuck
being constructed in separate parts, which allow a double oscillation, and thus
prevent the liability of bending the spindles. The grinding surfaces we place
in a direction to act upon the spindle or shaft at right angles to the axis
thereof, or we dispose them to act in a line with the said axis; by the latter
arrangement the effect is similar to that known as glazing. It has been
supposed above that the grinding surfaces are caused to traverse, but the
arrangement may be reversed by making them stationary, excepting as regards
their rotation and imparting motion to the spindle or shaft to be ground.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey, Samuel Beckett, and Walton Smith
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
BRADLEY ARDREY, SAMUEL BECKETT, and WALTON SMITH, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey, Samuel Beckett, and Walton Smith, Her
special license that we, the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey, Samuel Beckett,
and Walton Smith, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey, Samuel Beckett, and Walton Smith,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR GLAZING SPINDLES FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING
MACHINERY AND OTHER SPINDLES OR SHAFTS," upon the condition, amongst
others, that we, the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey, Samuel Beckett, and Walton
Smith, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals (or under the

page_text: hand and seal of one of us), should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in the application of two or more rotatory stones,
emery rollers, or other grinding surfaces acting simultaneously against the
spindle or shaft to be ground or glazed. These grinding surfaces we mount
upon shafts which are capable of swivelling upon centres, whereby the said
grinding surfaces can be caused to approach towards or recede from each
other, and thus in the case of tapered spindles the grinding surfaces are
adjusted to the varying diameters thereof. In order to cause this adjustment
to be self-acting we employ a "shaper plate," which by acting upon rods and
levers causes the shafts of the grinding surfaces to swivel as before mentioned.
These shafts we also mount in adjustable bearings for the purpose of allowing
them to be moved bodily as the grinding surfaces become worn.
The spindle
or shaft to be ground we place in a chuck by which it is held, the said chuck
being constructed in separate parts, which allow a double oscillation, and thus
prevent the liability of bending the spindles. The grinding surfaces we place
in a direction to act upon the spindle or shaft at right angles to the axis
thereof, or we dispose them to act in a line with the said axis; by the latter
arrangement the effect is similar to that known as glazing. It has been sup-
posed above that the grinding surfaces are caused to traverse, but the
arrangement may be reversed by making them stationary, excepting as
regards their rotation and imparting motion to the spindle or shaft to be
ground.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine, Fig. 2 a plan-view, and Fig, 3 a
cross section taken in the line A, B. The spindle in process of being ground
is shewn by the red lines in Fig. 1. Upon the bed 1 of the machine is a
standard 2, carrying the loose pulley 3, and at 4 is the fast pulley fixed to a
stud stud 5, which is provided with a centre 6, in which one end of the spindle
is placed. To the pulley 4 is fixed a socket 7, within which is a plate 8 capable
of swivelling upon centre pins 9. This plate on its face carries another
plate 10 provided with slots, through which screws 11 pass, and this second
inentioned plate 10 is therefore capable of sliding free upon the plate 8. The

page_text: plate 10 is provided with lugs 12, which carry a pin 13, so as to be capable of
sliding therein, and this pin carries two jaws 14, which may be caused to
approach each other by screws 15, and thus to clip the spindle; when; there-
fore, rotatory motion is communicated to the pulley 4 the spindle to be
ground is caused to revolve by means of the said jaws 14, and to run in the
centre 6 and another centre 16 at the other end. This last-mentioned centre
is carried by a rod 17 capable of sliding in a bearing 18, and forced forward
by a spring 19 placed within the said bearing. The rod 17 is continued
beyond its bearing, and is provided with a pin 20 situate within a slot formed
in a lever 21, which lever turns upon a fixed centre at 22. At 23 is a catch
turning upon a centre 24, and resting during the operation of grinding a
spindle upon the pin 20. When the spindle is finished and is to be removed
the rod 17. is pulled forward by means of the lever 21, and the notch 23* will
then fall upon the pin 20, thus keeping the said rod in its outward position
and liberating the spindle from the centre 16. At 25 is a standard carrying
two sliding pieces 26, through which a right and left handed screw 27 passes,
which screw is provided with a handle 28. Each of the sliding pieces 26 is
furnished with a jaw 29, which jaws may by means of the screw 27 be caused
to advance towards each other so as to clasp the spindle, but their action upon
it is only just sufficient to steady it during its revolution. The jaws 20 are
mounted in lugs 30, and are capable of being adjusted therein by screws 31,
but this is merely to give a starting point for various diameters of spindles.
The two grinding rollers, formed of stone, emery, or other material used for
the purpose, are shewn at 32 mounted upon shafts 33, which are capable of
sliding in bearings 34, 35. The bearings 34 are simple sockets, but the
others 35 are hollow studs capable of revolving in the standards 36, and pro-
vided with grooves, within which are situate feathers. 37 formed upon the
shafts 33. Upon the hollow studs are pullies 38, and when motion is com-
municated thereto the shafts 33 and their grinding rollers will be caused to
revolve, while they will at the same time be free to slide longitudinally, the
feathers 37 permitting this double action. The bearings 34, are carried by a
bracket 39 provided with bosses 40, which are capable of sliding upon rods 41
supported by a standard 42. To the bosses 40 is jointed a link 43, connected
at its other end to a lever 44 turning upon a fixed centre 45, by turning
which levee the bosses 40 are caused to slide upon the rods 41, and as the
said bosses are connected to the bearings 34 by the bracket 39, they and the
shafts 33, together with the grinding rollers 32, are caused to move lon-
gitudinally, and thus traverse the grinding rollers upon the spindle. At the
same time, however, that this motion takes place the grinding rollers must be

page_text: caused to move transversely so as to accommodate their surfaces to the taper
of the spindle; this is accomplished as follows: The bearings 35 are
mounted upon the pedestal 48 by means of a stud 49, which can swivel
therein, and the shafts 33 may therefore turn thereon as upon a centre. The
bearings 34 are mounted upon a rod 50 so as to be capable of sliding thereon,
and this rod is carried by the bracket 39. The bearings 34 are forced
outward by springs 51, but, are restrained in that movement by rods 52, con-
nected at one end to the brackets 53 fixed to the said bearings, and at their
other ends to levers 54 turning upon fixed bearings 55 carried by the
bracket 39. The levers 54 are jointed to a cross bar 56 extending from a
rod 57; which passes through a guide 58 carried by the bracket 89: This
rod 57 is forced upward by means of a spring 59, so as to cause a roller 61 on
its end to press against a fixed bar 60 with an inclined surface, and con-
stituting a shaper answering to the taper of the spindle to be ground. When
the lever 44 is turned so as to traverse the grinding rollers, the roller 61 will
be caused to move along the shaper 60, and the rod 57 being thus forced
downward will cause the levers 54 to turn upon their centres. This move-
ment will thrust the rods 52 forward, and as they are connected to the
bearings 34 the said bearings will be caused to slide outward, and thus the
grinding surfaces will be separated from each other according to the increasing
diameter of the spindle; in order to permit this sliding of the grinding rollers
their bearings 34 must be allowed to swivel, and they are therefore formed as
sockets mounted upon studs. The rods 52 are formed with screws situate in
nuts at 53, and when these nuts are turned the bearings 34 may be inoved
inward or outward, so as to gain a starting point for different sizes of spindles
and for adjusting the grinding surfaces as they become worn. For this
purpose also the bearings 36 may be moved inward or outward. The roller 61
is mounted with an excentric, and when a handle 65 attached thereto is
turned the rod 57 will be forced downward, and thus by means of the
levers 54 the grinding rollers will be separated, which movement will allow
of the introduction of the spindle to be ground. It will be seen by the above
description that the spindle placed in the centres 6, 16, is caused to revolve by
the jaws 14 which clip it, and during this revolution the attendant by turning
the lever 44 causes the grinding surfaces to traverse, they being at the same.
time governed in their distance apart by the shaper 60, and that during the
operation of grinding the compound clutch above described will permit a
slight swivelling of the spindle in any direction, so as to prevent its being bent
by the driver.
We have in the foregoing description supposed the grinding surfaces to act

page_text: at right angles to the axis of the spindle to be ground, but the spindle may be
operated upon in the other direction so as to be ground in the direction of its
length, and the grinding surfaces instead of being arranged as above described
may be placed in a horizontal position, that is, with vertical axes.
The Drawing shews a mule spindle under operation and in practice. We
grind it as above described up to stays 29, and then remove it to another
machine for the remaining portion to be ground in a similar manner to that
above described; but if desired the whole operation may be performed in one
machine by reversing the spindle in the centres only; in that case the shaper
.would have to be changed. Although we have alluded to taper spindles par-
ticularly, we do not limit our Invention thereto, as the system of grinding with
two or more grinding surfaces simultaneously may be adopted for parallel
spindles or shafts. We would also observe that the traversing motion may
be imparted to the spindle, the grinding surfaces being stationary, excepting
as regards their rotation.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be under-
stood that we claim as secured to us under the above in part recited Letters
Patent,-
Firstly, the employment of two or more grinding rollers operating simul-
taneously upon a spindle or shaft.
Secondly, mounting the said grinding surfaces upon shafts capable of
swivelling so as to approach or recede from each other.
Thirdly, the employment of a shaper for adjusting the grinding surfaces to
tapered spindles or shafts.
Fourthly, the use of the yielding chuck for holding the spindle or shaft.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Bradley Ardrey, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
SAMUEL BRADLEY ARDREY. (L.S.)