IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER
LOOMS." A communication from abroad by John Chester Duckworth, of the
City, County, and State of New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1878.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent Agents
and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS." A communication from abroad
by John Chester Duckworth, of the City, County, and State of New York, United
States of America.
One part of this Invention relates to means employed for changing the shuttles
in looms for weaving ingrain carpets and other fabrics in which the pattern is
produced wholly or in part by the changing of the shuttles.
The object of this part of the Invention is to reduce as much as possible the
movement of the heavy parts of the loom, and to this end the two sets of shuttle
boxes at each side of the loom are arranged one set behind the other, and have only
an upward and downward movement, and the shuttle raceway has imparted to it a
vibrating or reciprocating movement back and forth to bring it in line with the
shuttle boxes of either set, where it may remain long enough for the flight of the
shuttle.
The two sets of shuttle boxes have their several binders and their picker sticks
on their outer sides, that is to say, the binders and picker sticks of the front set are
at the front of the boxes, and those of the back set are behind, or at the back of
the. boxes, so that the two sets of boxes are enabled to be brought close together,

page_text: and that one set may slide upon the other, and the necessary movement of the
shuttle raceway back and forth, to bring it opposite to either set of boxes is reduced
to a minimum.
In connection with this method of providing for the changing of the shuttles
from one set of shuttle boxes to the other by the backward and forward movement
of the raceway, without any backward and forward movement of the boxes, the
raceway may be separated from the lay by which the weft is beaten up, and the
loom may be provided with a comb carried by an independent lay for the purpose
of beating up.
Another part of the Invention relates to means of operating one of the two series
of rising and falling shuttle boxes on either side of the loom. The said scries of
boxes is suspended from a rotating barrel, from which is also suspended a weight
for counterbalancing the boxes. This barrel is operated by two pawls which work
on wheels attached to the barrel, and which are carried by a rod which is lifted to
work the pawls by means of a cam on a shaft below one of the said pawls, serving
to turn the barrel in one direction to raise the boxes, and the other to turn the
barrel in the opposite direction to lower the boxes, and the said pawls are placed
under the control of a jacquard machine or other pattern-producing mechanisın, so
that either one of the said pawls may be brought into operation, and the other be
The said pawls
thrown out of operation as required for the pattern to be woven.
are so connected together by springs and slotted rods, that either may be allowed
to come into operation on the barrel without interfering with the other, but that
both cannot come into operation on the barrel at the same time. Spring stops are
provided to stop the said wheels attached to the said barrel, and these stops are so
combined with the rods which carry the aforesaid pawls by means of toes on the
said rods and sleeves upon the stops, that the springs of the stops have their
pressure increased to make them lock the barrel securely, and so hold the shuttle
boxes stationary at the time of throwing the shuttles.
Brakes having an elastic pressure which is graduated by a screw are applied in
combination with the shafts of the barrels for the purpose of preventing the barrels
from being moved too far, and for stopping them in case of the failure of the stops
above mentioned to operate.
Another part of the Invention relates to means of producing the movement of the
vibrating or reciprocating raceway. The raceway is operated by cams on a
rotating shaft arranged below each of the said cams, acting on the raceway through
the intervention of two levers, one of said levers being connected with the
raceway, and producing the forward movement thereof by the direct action upon it
of the said cam, and the other of the said levers upon which the cam also acts being
connected with the first one by means of a spring or elastic connection for the
purpose of producing the backward movement of the raceway. By means of this
spring or elastic connection, both levers or the bowls at their ends are kept in
contact with the cam, but the spring allows the lay to yield to any obstruction to
its backward movement without breakage of any of the mechanism of the loom.
Another part of the Invention relates to means of operating the comb lay,
whereby the necessary forward and backward movement are obtained, and also a
rising and falling movement to enable the comb to enter and leave the warp, and a
double beat of the comb is obtained on each slot of filling. This is accomplished by
pivoting the swords of the lay to arms on a rock shaft which is operated by a cam,
and by connecting the upper part of the lay by a toggle joint with fixed points on
the loom framing, and with cranks on a rotating shaft.
Another part of the Invention relates to the construction of the comb and mode
of securing the same within its lay. The teeth of the comb are made with dove-
tailed bottoms, and separated by interposed packing plates of dovetail form, and the
teeth and packing pieces are all secured together by a rod passing the whole,
so that the entire comb can at once be inserted into or removed from the lay.
The comb thus constructed is secured in the lay by clamping the dovetailed shaped
bottoms of the teeth, and the packing pieces between a fixed lip provided on the lay,

page_text: and having an internal form corresponding with one side of the dovetail of the
comb, and a removeable angle piece of corresponding form bolted to the lay.
Another part of the Invention relates to the means of operating the journals by
which a portion of the warp is worked. These journals are connected with treadles
arranged in the lower rear part of the loom, and work by cams arranged below the
journals.
Another part of the Invention relates to a provision for liberating the pickers in
case of their failure to pass out of the shuttle boxes before the rising or the falling
movement of the latter takes place. The pickers are each fitted to slide on two
parallel spindles, one of which is arranged between two centres, one of which centres
is yielding to enable the spindle to be pulled out of its place by the picker on the
ascent or descent of the head of the latter, with the shuttle boxes, whenever the
picker has been caught in a box.
Another part of the Invention relates to the means of operating either one of two
pickers on one side of the loon by one tappet wheel. This is effected by means of
two levers, one of which is connected with and operates one of the picking sticks,
and the other of which is connected with and operates the other picking stick, and
both of which are mounted on the same sliding shaft, which is moved longitudinally
by a cam in such manner as to bring either lever within the range of the tappet wheel
for operating its respective picker, or bring both levers out of range of the cain
when it is desired to suspend the operations of the pickers on one side of the
loom.
Another part of the Invention relates to the means of producing the slight
forward movement of the pickers to produce the stoppage of the shuttles after they
have passed into the shuttle boxes. For this purpose only one stop lever is used
for the two sets of shuttle boxes at either end of the loom, the said lever being
forked or made with two branches at its upper end to come opposite to the two
pickers, and its lower end being operated upon through the intervention of springs
and rods by means of a cam on one of the rotating shafts of the loom.
Another part of the Invention relates to the protector for stopping the loom
when the shuttle fails to enter a box, and to the filling stop for stopping it when
the filling breaks or gives out. The knocking-off lever, which knocks the hand
lever of the loom out of gear, has connected with it a series of hooks. One of the
said hooks is connected with one of the small rock shafts which carry the protector
fingers belonging to the front sets of shuttle boxes; another of the said hooks is
connected with the shaft which carries the protector fingers of the back sets of
shuttle hoxes, and another of the said hooks is connected with a rock shaft which
is attached to the lay, and which carries yielding racks, which are depressed by the
action of the forks of the filling stop upon the last shot of filling. The connections
of the said hooks with the protector shafts and with the rock shaft of the said
rack are such that when the shuttles enter their boxes properly, and the shots of
filling are properly carried through the shed, the said hooks are out of reach of a
lever to which a positive motion is communicated by a cam on one of the rotating
shafts of the loom, and hence the said lever is inoperative on the knocking-off lever;
but when a shuttle fails to enter its box, or the filling breaks or gives out, one of
the said hooks is caused or allowed by one of the protector shafts or the rock shaft
of the yielding racks to come within the range of the said lever, having a positive
motion, and to be caught by the said lever, which being thereby brought into con-
nection with the knocking-off lever is caused to knock the loom out of gear. The
said yielding racks and filling forks which are attached to the reciprocating race-
way, besides forming parts of the filling stop, are made to perform the additional
duty of seizing the shot of filling which is to be beaten up, and carrying it forward
in front of the range of the beating up comb.
The two rock shafts carrying the two fingers of the protectors which operate in
connection with the two front series of shuttle boxes are connected together, so
that the cue of said shafts on the side of the loom which is further from the
knocking off mechanism may transmit its action to the said mechanism through
]]

page_text: the nearer one of said shafts by means of an intermediate shaft arranged behind
the raceway, and furnished with arms which connect with corresponding arms
on the protector rock shafts.
The forks of the filling stop are carried by a rock shaft which works in bearings
attached to the raceway, and derive the necessary motion by which they are caused
to press the filling on the yielding racks from a cam on one of the rotating shafts
of the looin acting upon a lever connected with an arm of the said rock shaft; but
in order to provide for the raising of the forks by the attendant to permit the
insertion of a shuttle into the loom, if the loom should be stopped while the forks
are depressed by the said cam, and to provide for the yielding of the said forks. to a
shuttle or any obstruction coming between the said forks and the raceway, the con-
nection of the said forks is not made directly with the said lever upon which the
can operates, but is made with a second lever, which is connected by a spring with
the first-mentioned one.
In order also to provide greater facility for introducing shuttles into the loom
the filling forks and the racks are so constructed as to leave a space over the race-
way and behind the operative parts of the said forks and racks which receive the
filling between them wide enough for a shuttle to pass, and this space also provides
for the stoppage of the loom in case a warp yarn breaks and gets so entangled with
other parts of the warp as to hold the filling back behind the range of the said
operative parts of the forks and racks.
Another part of the Invention relates to the gearing or mechanism for reversing
the motion of the loom for backing off, and to the brake and brake mechanism,
providing also for the employment of one brake for the purpose of stopping the
loom, both when it is knocked out of gear by the protector or filling stop, and when
the reversing mechanism is thrown out of gear after backing off.
The backing-off gear consists of a bevel friction wheel secured to the loose
driving pulley on the driving shaft, a bevel toothed gear secured directly to the
said shaft, and corresponding bevel toothed and friction wheels attached to a shaft
at right angles to the driving shaft, the bevel toothed and friction wheels last
mentioned being brought into gear, when required, with those first mentioned by
means of a foot treadle.
The brake is thrown on and off the brake wheel by means of a three-linked
toggle, one joint of which is connected with the hand lever, and another joint of
which is connected with the foot treadle, so that the flexure of one of the said
joints will be caused to throw off the brake by the act of putting the loom in gear
for running forward, and the flexure of the other of said joints will be caused to
throw off the brake by the act of putting the reversing mechanism into gear, but
that when the loom is out of gear both joints of the toggle will be straightened, and
the brake will be pressed against the brake wheel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Jolin Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
September 1878.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent Agents
and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS." (A communication from abroad
by John Chester Duckworth, of the City, County, and State of New York, United
States of America.)
One part of this Invention relates to means employed for changing the shuttles
in looms for weaving ingrain carpets and other fabrics in which the pattern is
produced wholly or in part by the changing of the shuttles.
The object of this part of the Invention is to reduce as much as possible the
movement of the heavy parts of the loom, and to this end the two sets of shuttle
boxes at each side of the loom are arranged one set behind the other, and have only
an upward and downward movement, and the shuttle raceway has imparted to it a
vibrating or reciprocating movement back and forth to bring it in line with the
shuttle boxes of either set, where it may remain long enough for the flight of the
shuttle.
The two sets of shuttle boxes have their several binders and their picker sticks
on their outer sides, that is to say, the binders and picker sticks of the front sets
are at the front of the boxes. and those of the back set are behind or at the back of
the boxes, so that the two sets of boxes are enabled to be brought close together,
and that one set may slide upon the other, and the necessary movement of the
shuttle raceway back and forth to bring it opposite to either set of boxes is reduced
to a minimum.
In connection with this method of providing for the changing of shuttles from
one set of shuttle boxes to the other by the backward and forward movement
of the raceway without any backward and forward movement of the boxes, the
raceway may be separated from the lay by which the weft is beaten up, and the
loon may be provided with a comb carried by an independent lay for the purpose
of beating up.
Another part of the Invention relates to means of operating one of the two series
of rising-and-falling shuttle boxes on either side of the loom. The said series of
boxes is suspended from a rotating barrel, from which is also suspended a weight
for counterbalancing the boxes. This barrel is operated by two pawls, which work
on wheels attached to the barrel, and which are carried by a rod which is lifted to
work the pawls by means of a cain on a shaft below, one of the said pawls serving
to turn the barrel in one direction to raise the boxes, and the other to turn the
barrel in the opposite direction to lower the boxes; and the said pawls are placed
under the control of a jacquard machine, or other pattern-producing mechanism, so
that either one of the said pawls may be brought into operation, and the other be
thrown out of operation, as required for the pattern to be woven.
The said pawls
are so connected together by springs and slotted rods that either may be allowed to
come into operation on the barrel without interfering with the other, but that both
cannot come into operation on the barrel at the same time. Spring stops are pro-
vided to stop the said wheels attached to the said barrel, and these stops are so
combined with the rods which carry the aforesaid pawls by means of toes on the
said rods and sleeves on the stops, that the springs of the stops have their
pressure increased to make them lock the barrel securely, and so hold the shuttle
boxes stationary at the time of throwing the shuttles.
Brakes having an elastic pressure which is graduated by a screw are applied in
combination with the shafts of the barrels for the purpose of preventing the barrels
from being moved too far, and for stopping them in case of the failure of the stops
above mentioned to operate.

page_text: Another part of the Invention relates to means of producing the movement of the
vibrating or reciprocating raceway. The raceway is operated by cams on a rotating
shaft arranged below, each of the said cams acting on the raceway through the
intervention of two levers, one of said levers being connected with the raceway, and
producing the forward movement thereof by the direct action upon it of the said
cam, and the other of the said levers, upon which the cam also acts, being connected
with the first one by means of a spring or elastic connection for the purpose of pro-
ducing the backward movement of the raceway. By means of this spring or elastic
connection both levers, or the bowls at their ends, are kept in contact with the cain,
but the spring allows the lay to yield to any obstruction to its backward movement
without breakage of any of the mechanism of the loom.
Another part of the Invention relates to means of operating the comb lay, whereby
the necessary forward and backward movement are obtained, and also a rising-and-
falling movement to enable the comb to enter and leave the warp; and a double
beat of the comb is obtained on each shot of filling. This is accomplished by
pivoting the swords of the lay to arms on a rock shaft, which is operated by a cam
and by connecting the upper part of the lay by a toggle joint with fixed points on
the loom framing and with cranks on a rotating shaft.
Another part of the Invention relates to the construction of the comb and mode
of securing the same within its lay. The teeth of the comb are made with dovetail
bottoms, and separated by interposed packing plates of dovetail form, and the teeth
and packing pieces are all secured together by a rod passing through the whole, so
that the entire comb can at once be inserted into or removed from the lay. The
comb thus constructed is secured in the lay by clamping the dovetailed-shaped
bottoms of the teeth and the packing pieces between a fixed lip provided on the
lay, and having an internal form corresponding with one side of the dovetail of the
comb, and a removable angle piece of corresponding forin bolted to the lay.
Another part of the Invention relates to the means of operating the journals by
which a portion of the warp is worked. These journals are connected with trendles
arranged in the lower rear part of the loom, and work by cams arranged below the
journals.
Another part of the Invention relates to a provision for liberating the pickers in
case of their failure to pass out of the shuttle boxes before the rising or falling
movement of the latter takes place. The pickers are each fitted to slide on two
parallel spindles, one of which is arranged between two centres, one of which centres
is yielding to enable the spindle to be pulled out of its place by the picker, on the
ascent or descent of the head of the latter with the shuttle boxes, whenever the
picker has been caught in the box.
Another part of the Invention relates to the means of operating either one of two
pickers on one side of the loom by one tappet wheel. This is effected by means of
two levers, one of which is connected with and operates one of the picking sticks,
and the other of which is connected with and operates the other picking stick, and
both of which are mounted on the same sliding shaft, which is moved longitudinally
by a cam in such manner as to bring either lever within the range of the tappet
wheel for operating its respective picker, or bring both levers out of range of the
cam when it is desired to suspend the operation of the pickers on one side of the
loom.
Another part of the Invention relates to the means of producing the slight
forward movement of the pickers to produce the stoppage of the shuttles after they
have passed into the shuttle boxes. For this purpose only one stop lever is used for
the two sets of shuttle boxes at either end of the loom, the said lover being forked
or made with two branches at its upper end to come opposite to the two pickers, and
its lower end being operated upon through the intervention of springs and rods by
means of a cam on one of the rotating shafts of the loom.
Another part of the Invention relates to the protector for stopping the loon when
the shuttle fails to enter a box, and to the filling stop for stopping it when the
filling breaks or gives out. The knocking-off lever, which knocks the hand lever of

page_text: the loom out of gear, has connected with it a series of hooks. One of the said hooks
is connected with one of the small rock shafts which carry the protector fingers
belonging to the front sets of shuttle boxes; another of the said hooks is connected
with the shaft which carries the protector fingers of the back sets of shuttle boxes,
and another of the said hooks is connected with a rock shaft which is attached
to the lay, and which carries yielding racks which are depressed by the action
of the forks of the filling stop upon the last shot of filling. The connections of
the said hooks with the protector shaft and with the rock shaft of the said
racks are such that when the shuttles enter their boxes properly and the shots of
filling are properly carried through the shed the said hooks are out of reach of a
lever to which a positive motion is communicated by a cam on one of the rotating
shafts of the loom, and hence the said lever is inoperative on the said knocking-off
lever; but when a shuttle fails to enter its box, or the filling breaks or gives out, one of
the said hooks is caused or allowed by one of the protector shafts on the rock shaft of
the yielding racks to come within the range of the said lever having a positive
motion and to be caught by the said lever, which being thereby brought into con-
nection with the knocking-off lever is caused to knock the loom out of gear. The
said yielding racks and filling forks which are attached to the reciprocating
raceway, besides forming parts of the filling stop, are made to perform additional
duty of seizing the shot of filling which is to be beaten up and carrying it
forward in front of the range of the beating-up comb.
The two rock shafts carrying the two fingers of the protectors which operate in
connection with the two front series of shuttle boxes are connected together so that
the one of the said shafts on the side of the loom which is further from the knocking-
off mechanisin may transmit its action to the said mechanism through the nearer
one of said shafts by means of an intermediate shaft arranged behind the raceway
and furnished with arms, which connect with corresponding arms on the protector
rock shafts.
The forks of the filling stop are carried by a rock shaft which works in bearings
attached to the raceway, and derive the necessary motion by which they are caused
to press the filling on the yielding racks from a cam on one of the rotating shafts
of the loom acting upon a lever connected with an arm of the said rock shaft, but
in order to provide for the raising of the forks by the attendant to permit the insertion
of a shuttle into the loom, if the loom should be stopped while the forks are depressed
by the said cam, and to provide for the yielding of the said forks to a shuttle or
any obstruction coming between the said forks and the raceway, the connection of
the said forks is not made directly with the said lever upon which the cam operates,
but is made with a second lever, which is connected by a spring with the first-
mentioned one.
In order also to provide greater facility for introducing shuttles into the loom the
filling forks and the racks are so constructed as to leave a space over the raceway,
and bind the operative parts of the said forks and racks, which receive the filling
between them wide enough for a shuttle to pass; and this space also provides for
the stoppage of the loom in rase a warp yarn breaks, and gets so entangled with
other parts of the warp as to hold the filling back behind the range of the said
operative parts of the forks and racks.
Another part of the Invention relates to the gearing or mechanism for reversing
the motion of the loom for backing off, and to the brake and brake mechanism,
providing also for the employment of one brake for the purpose of stopping the
loom, both when it is knocked out of gear by the protector or filling stop, and
when the reversing mechanism is thrown out of gear after backing off.
The backing-off gear consists of a bevel friction wheel secured to the loose
driving pulley on the driving shaft, a bevel toothed gear secured directly to the
said shaft, and corresponding bevel toothed and friction wheels attached to a shaft
at right angles to the driving shaft, the bevelled toothed and friction wheels last
mentioned being brought into gear, when required, with those first mentioned by
means of a foot, treadle.

page_text: The brake is thrown on and off the brake wheel by means of a three-linked
toggle, ono joint of which is connected with the hand lever, and another joint of
which is connected with the foot treadle, so that the flexure of one of the said
joints will be caused to throw off the brake by the act of putting the loom in gear
for running forward, and the flexure of the other of said joints will be caused to
throw off the brake by the act of putting the reversing mechanism into gear; but,
that when the loom is out of gear, both joints of the toggle will be straightened,
and the brake will be pressed against the brake wheel.

page_text: framing. On the inner end of each shaft J' is a wheel J furnished with pins
and a' on its opposite faces.
The pins a are operated upon for the purpose of stopping the rotation of their
respective shafts and barrels by means of T headed stops J" (see Figures 1 and 4),
These stops are
the upright stems of which work in fixed guides b³, see Figure 4
pressed upwards against the said pins by spiral springs b, the said stops operating
upon two pins a' at a time, as shown in Figure 4, to prevent the barrels from
turning in either direction, but yielding to allow the barrels to turn in either
direction when suitable force is applied to them.
The pins a, a, are operated upon to turn the barrels in either direction to raise
and lower the shuttle boxes by means of pawls J, of which two are provided for
each wheel Js, one arranged on each side of the centre of the wheel, and the two
being pivoted at j7, as shown in Figures 3, 4, and 7, to opposite ends of the T head
of a rod Je, which slides up and down in fixed guides be attached to the loom
framing.
The front pawl J' serves to turn the barrel in one direction to raise the shuttle
boxes, and the corresponding back pawl serves to turn it in the opposite direction
to lower the shuttle boxes, either pawl being brought into position to operate on the
pins a, a, as required by the jacquard machine or other pattern-producing mechanism.
The upper movement of the said pawls, by which they are made to act on the pins
u, a, to turn the barrel, is produced by a cam K (see Figures 4 and 8) on the crank
shaft E, which operates on one end of an elbow lever K', which works in a fixed
fulcrum secured in the framing A of the loom, and the other end of which is con-
nected by a rod c', with the lower end of the pawl rod Jo. The pawls J' are each
held out of gear from the pins a, a, at all times except when the barrel is to be
turned by means of a separate spiral spring (see Figures 1, 4, and 7), the lower
end of which is connected with the loom framing, and the upper end is connected
by rods d' with an arın d² on a short rock shaft d, which works in suitable fixed
bearings, and another arm d¹ of which presses against the inner edge of the pawl to
force the latter out of reach of the pins a, a. When one of the pawls is required to
come into action the pull of its spring d³ is taken off by a connection of the rods d',
with cords of the jacquard machine, and the pawl is thus left free to be pulled into
gear by a spring d³, which connects the two pawls belonging to either barrel J.
In order to prevent the possibility of both pawls J' belonging to either barrel from
being brought into gear at once, and thus causing the breakage of mechanisin, the
two pawls are connected together by rods do, which keep then always at a proper
distance apart. These rods are slotted, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, at their
connection with one pawl to allow the necessary movement of one relatively to the
other for either to come in or out of gear with the pins a, a.
In order to ensure the efficient action of the stop J' upon the pins a¹, a', to hold
the barrel secure, and thus keep the shuttle boxes in their proper position at the
time of throwing the shuttle, the spring 6 has its pressure increased at the proper
time by a toe d on the pawl rod Je pushing upward against the lower end of a
sleeve b', which is fitted to the lower part of the upright rod of the stop J, and the
upper end of which serves as the bearing for the lower end of the said spring b.
This sleeve b' works in a fixed guide (see Figures 1, 3, and 4) attached to the
loom fraining, and is furnished above the said guide with a collar, which comes to a
bearing on the top of the said guide, and so forms a fixed bearing for the spring
when the sleeve is not lifted by the toe d.
J', shown in Figures 1 and 4, are friction brakes, one applied to each of the
wheels Js for the purpose of preventing the barrels from being turned too far by
their own momentum and that of their appurtenances in running at a high speed,
and for stopping them in case of the breakage or failure of the operation of the
stops. The shoes of these brakes, which bear upon the wheels, are arched to con-
form to the periphery of the wheels J³, and are faced with leather or other soft
material. Each shoe is rigidly secured to or formed in the same piece with the
lower arm of a bracket Js, which is secured firmly to the loom framing, and the

page_text: upper arm 0, of which has a screw J' screwing through it for the purpose of
applying pressure to the shoe. The said arms are made of such thickness that they
will not be absolutely rigid, but will be slightly yielding, so that the pressure of the
brake may be graduated by screwing down the screw J more or less upon the
shoe. The pressure thus produced will, owing to the elasticity of the arms and
, be slightly yielding or elastic, so as to provide the necessary friction without
unnecessary wear of the leather or other facing of the shoes.
The auxiliary shuttle boxes I, I, of each set, which are arranged one above
another and rigidly connected together, are fitted to slide up and down in dovetail
guides e, e, provided on the backs of their respective set of main shuttle boxes H, H,
as shown in Figures 1 and 5, and also in the dovetail view, Figure 9, which repre-
sents a vertical transverse section of the two sets of shuttle boxes, and their
appurtenances belonging to one side of the loom, and, as each set has its respective
binders h, h, or i, i, and the openings for the pickers k on the outer side, the two
sets are enabled to be brought close together without any or with the least possible
space between them. Each set of auxiliary shuttle boxes is connected by a stem f
at the bottom and a connecting rod f, as shown in Figures 1 and 9, with the front
end of one of two levers L', L, which work on fixed fulcrums f* (see Figure 3),
and the rear end of each of which is acted upon to lift the boxes by means of one
of two cams L, L, (see Figures 2, 3, 5, and 6) on the cam shaft D, the said cams being
so shaped and arranged as to lift and allow the descent of the boxes at the proper
time preparatory to the shuttles being received by or discharged from them.
M is the vibrating or reciprocating shuttle raceway, having the reed Mº attached
to it in the usual way; this raceway is supported at or near its ends, as shewn
in Figures 4 and 8, and also in Figures 10 and 11, which are partial sections of the
loom taken parallel with the warp by being pivoted to the upper ends of a pair of
vibrating arins M, each of which is attached by a pivot m to the loom framing, and
by having two rigidly attached arms M", which are connected with the upper arins
of a pair of elbow levers M³, which work on fixed fulcrum pins m¹, secured in the loom
framing A, and the lower arins of which are operated upon by a pair of cams M³
provided on the main shaft C for the purpose of producing the reciprocating move-
ment of the raceway back and forth by which it is brought from a position opposite
to the main shuttle boxes to a position opposite the auxiliary shuttle boxes, and
vice versa, on changing the shuttles. These cams also operate on the ends of a pair
of levers M', which are attached to fixed fulcrum pins m³, secured in the loom
framing.
Each lever M and the lower arm of its respective lever M² are connected
together by aC shaped spring m³, which tends to pull them towards each other
and keep the bowls which are provided on the lower ends of the said levers M² and
M in contact with the periphery of their cam M³.
The forward movement of the raceway is provided by the action of the cams M³
upon the elbow levers M², and the backward movement is produced by the action
of the said cams on the levers M, which transmit motion to the elbow levers M²
through the connecting springs m². These springs yield to any obstruction to the
backward movement of the lay that may occur by reason of the shuttles failing to
enter the boxes, and thereby prevent breakage which might otherwise in such case
occur.
The cams M³ are of such shape that they hold the raceway at each end of its
stroke in a fixed position opposite either set of shuttle boxes, long enough for the
operation of throwing the shuttle.
N is the comb for beating up the weft, and N' is the independent lay to which
the said comb is attached, the said lay being carried by vibrating swords N*, pivoted,
as shown in Figures 7 and 11, to the arms F1 of the rock shaft F. The said swords
are also connected, as shown in Figures 5 and 7, by toggle connections F, F³, with
fixed studs n secured in the loom framing, and the joint pins n¹ of the said toggles
are connected by rods F, with the two cranks E' on the crank shaft E. The rock
shaft F has also an arm F³ (see Figures 1, 6, and 11) which is operated upon by a

page_text: grooved cam F on the crank shaft E. One side of this can is shown in Figure 11,
and the other side of said cam is shown in a detached view, Figure 11. The
vibrating movement of the comb lay for beating up the filling is produced by the
action of the cranks E¹ upon the toggle connections, and the upward and downward
movement of the lay to produce the entrance of the comb into the warp, and its
withdrawal therefrom is produced by the action of the cam F upon the arm F of
the rock shaft. The toggle connection is inade to produce a double beat of the lay,
the upward movement of the joint of said connection to a straight or rectilinear
position producing the first beat, and the lay being pulled back a short distance by
the joint of the said connection being moved upwards beyond the straight position,
and again moved forward by the descent of the said joint to the straight
position.
The construction of the said comb N, and the means of securing it in the lay N¹are
shown in Figures 12 and 13, of which the former is a transverse section of the lay
and comb, and the latter is a longitudinal section of a portion of the conib detacheil
from the lay. The comb teeth are composed of a series of thin plates of steel, the
lower parts of which are of dovetail form, as shown in Figure 12, and which aro
kept at the proper distance apart by packing plates a, of dovetail form, corres-
ponding with the lower parts of the teeth. The said teeth and packing plates have
corresponding holes drilled through them for the reception of a rod n³, which
passes through the whole, and on the ends of which are screw threads and nuts, by
which the teeth and packing plates are firmly clamped and secured together, so
that the entire comb can be inserted in or removed at once from the lay.
To provide for securing the comb in the lay the back of the latter is furnished
along one edge with a fixed longitudinal half dovetailed lipn' to fit and receive one
side of the dovetails on the teeth and packing plates, and a removable angle piece
n, which fits the other side of the said dovetails, is bolted down to the top of the
lay to clamp the dovetail of the comb between itself and the lip n, and secure the
whole comb firmly in place. By removing the clamping piece n the whole comb
can be removed, and a new one quickly substituted. By thus making the whole
comb complete, independent of the lay and the clamping piece which secures it,
convenient provision is afforded for changing one comb for another of different
degree of fineness.
0,0 (Figures 1, 2, and 7) are the journals for lifting the mails, through which
certain of the warp yarns pass. These are arranged to work in upright fixed guides
O¹ on the loom framing, but instead of being operated from above are operated
by treadles 0, which are arranged in pairs below each journal, being connected
with one pair of treadles by two rods O', 0', at its opposite ends. These treadles
are operated by cains 0³, on the cam shaft D, one pair of cams for each pair of
treadles and each journal.
The pickers, of which there are two on each side of the loom, one for each set
of shuttle boxes, are each arranged to slide on two stationary parallel spindles, ²,
which are secured in brackets G', bolted to the shuttle box guide frames G, G, as
shown in Figures 5 and 9. The outer spindle of each pair is rigidly secured at
its ends in its respective brackets G¹, but the inner one ² is held between centres,
as shown in Figure 5*, which is a horizontal section on a larger scale than Figure 5
of the brackets and the ends of the guide spindles. The ends of the said spindles
kare made rounded or conical to form male centres, and the inner end of each is
received in a fixed female centre ' in its respective inner bracket C, and the outer
one in a female centre formed in the inner end of the yielding centre plug, which
is fitted to slide in and out in a bearing in the outer bracket G, but which is pressed
against the end of the spindle by a spiral spring coiled round the said plug. This
spring and yielding plug hold the spindle securely in position during the proper
operation of the pickers, but in case of the picker failing to be drawn out of the
shuttle box before the box rises or descends, the box in its ascent or descent will
carry the head of the picker up or down with it, and so pull out the rod k from

page_text: between the centres and, and leave the picker free to swing on the spindle /',
until by the continued ascent or descent of the boxes its head will be enabled to
pass out of the box, or until the picker has been pulled out at the end of the
box by the attendant. This pulling out of the spindle from between its centres
is permitted by the springing or flexure of the spindle itself, or by the slipping
back of the yielding centre plug ³. By thus providing for the pulling out of the
spindle the sticking of the picker in a box is prevented from interfering with
the ascent and descent of the boxes, and the ascent or descent of the boxes, if it
should take place, is prevented from injuring the pickers or their appurte-
nances.
The picking sticks P, P*, two for each side of the loom are arranged one in front
of the front set of shuttle boxes, and one behind the back set of shuttle boxes
working on fixed pins 1, 2, and the picking movement of both pickers on either
side is produced by means of one of the two tappet wheels Pl shown in Figures 3,
4, 5, and 6, on the main shaft C, the said tappet wheel operating on either one of
two elbow levers P2 or P2* (see Figures 4, 5, 6) according to which shuttle is to be
thrown, the said levers being connected with their respective sticks by straps P³
and P, which pass round guide pulleys P' working on fixed studs attached to the
loom framing. The said levers are both loose upon the same short shaft p² which
constitutes their fulcrum and upon which they are confined so as to be prevented
from moving longitudinally thereon, but as to be compelled to move with the said
shaft when the latter moves lengthwise. The said shaft is fitted to bearings in the
loom framing in which it is capable of a longitudinal movement for the purpose of
bringing the bowl which is attached to either lever within range of the tappet
wheel, according to which picker stick is to be operated, or of bringing both levers
to a position in which neither will be operated upon by the tappet wheel. The
longitudinal movement of the said shaft is produced by one of two cains P5, shown
in Figure 1, which is attached to a bevel gear Pe which turns freely on a fixed stud
2' secured in the loom framing, and which receives motion from a smaller bevel
gear Pi on either end of the main shaft, and which acts upon the said shaft through
a forked lever P8 working on a fixed fulcrum p, one arm of the said lever being
acted upon by the cam, and the other arm, which is forked, taking hold of a grooved
collar on the shaft p². This lever is visible in Figures 1 and 3, and is represented
in a separate perspective view, Figure 3*, but its relation with the cam P³, and the
shaft 2 are best shown in Figure 6, at one side of which the cam is shown in
section. The backward movements of the picker sticks are produced by spiral
springs p³.
A similar arrangement of a tappet wheel p¹, cain ps, sliding shaft p', and lever P³,
may be used in connection when only a single picker stick operating lever is em-
ployed on the said sliding shaft, the sliding movement of the shaft p¹ in such case
serving to carry the single picker stick operating lever into and out of a position to
be operated by the tappet wheel.
The slight forward movement which is given to the pickers into the shuttle boxes
for the purpose of stopping the shuttles in proper position, and thereby preventing
their points from passing beyond the outer ends of the shuttle boxes, is produced by
means of two levers Q which work on fulcrum pins 9, see Figures 1 and 3, and the
upper ends of which are forked, as shown in Figure 3, to enable them to come in
contact with and operate the two pickers at the end of the loom to which either
lever is applied. These levers are actuated by two cams Q¹ shown in Figures 3, 4,
5, and 6 on the crank shaft E, the said cams acting directly upon bowls on the
upper ends of the levers Q, shown in Figures 1, 4, and 6, which work on fixed
fulcrum pins q, see Figure 4, and the lower ends of which are connected with the
lower ends of the levers Q, by means of rods q, on which are collars 9³, between
which and the levers Q spiral springs q* are coiled upon the said rods to allow the
levers to yield slightly when the shuttle strikes the pickers, the said springs returning
the shuttles a short distance, if required, to push them back into the boxes. The

page_text: same means of producing the above-mentioned movement of the pickers may
be employed in looms in which only one set of shuttle boxes is employed on
each side.
The two protector fingers 2*, *, belonging to the two back sets of shuttle
boxes are both attached to one long protector shaft R* (see Figures 5, 8, 9, 10,
and 11) which extends all across the loom from behind the raceway and shuttle
boxes, where it is supported in fixed bearings in the brackets G₁, but as it
would not be practicable to attach the fingers 7, 7, belonging to the two front
sets of shuttle boxes to a shaft extending all across the loom, the latter fingers are
attached to two short protector shafts R, R, (see Figures 1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 11) which
extend across the front of their respective sets of shuttle boxes, having fixed bearings
at their outer ends in the outer brackets G₁, and near their inner ends in small
standards on the main framing A of the loom. These shafts R are provided on
their inner ends with arms which are connected by a pin and slot connection
72, shown in Figures 10 and 11, with corresponding arms on a sleeve or
hollow shaft R2 which is fitted to oscillate on the shaft R* of the back protector,
and which thus serves to make a connection between the two shafts R, so that the
movement given to the front protection finger on the left-hand side of the loom
will be thereby transmitted to the front protector shaft on the right-hand side where
the knocking-off mechanism is situated.
The connection of the right protector shaft R is also shown in the detail views,
Figures 14 and 15, of which Figure 14 is a transverse vertical section.
Figure 15 is an inverted sectional plan view taken in the line o, o, of Figure 1+.
Instead of the sleeve or hollow shaft R2, a solid shaft working in separate bearings
in the back of the raceway may be used to carry the arms 73 for connecting the two
protector shafts R.
The means of connecting the protectors with the knocking-off lever is best
illustrated in Figures 8, 14, and 15, and is also partly shown in Figure 16, which is
a sectional plan view taken in the line o, o, in Figure 14. The knocking-off lever
S is attached by its fulcrum pin 18 to the framing of the loom near the band lever
S', which is employed to put the loom in and out of gear. The upper end of this
lever S occupies such a position that when the loom is in gear the lever stands
close in front of it. The lower end of the said lever S is connected by a pusher
rod (see Figure 8) with the lower end of a short lever 1, which hangs on a fixed
fulcrum pin secured to the loom framing on the driving side of the loom, and to
which a spiral spring is so applied as to tend to pull back the lower end of the
lever S, and keep its upper end clear of the hand lever. To a long pin projecting
laterally from the lower end of the said lever, there are attached two similar hooks
1, and *, the former of which is shown in Figure 14, and both in Figure 16.
The hook is connected by a rod with the arm of the front protector
shaft R on the driving side of the loom, and the hook * is connected by a similar
rod with an arm provided on the back protector shaft R*. Under these
hooks and *, is situated the Ṭ shaped head 1º of the upper arm of an elbow
lever S, of which a perspective view is given in Figure 14*. The fulcrum pin of
this lever works in a bearing in a hanger S³, secured to the framing A, and the
other arm of the said lever bears upon the knocking-off cam S' on the crank
shaft E.
When there is a shuttle in each of the boxes opposite to which the protector
fingers, *, are situated, the said fingers are so forced out by the shuttle binders
that the arms and of the protector shafts R, R*, lift the hooks 15, and 15*, out
of reach of the T shaped head of the elbow lever S, and the said lever is
oscillated by the knock-off cam S without any effect on the knocking-off lever,
but when a shuttle fails to enter one of the boxes, as it is required to do, and
therefore the protector finger belonging to that box is not pressed back, the armed
or of its respective protector shaft is depressed by the action of the spiral springs
on the arms of the protector shafts R and R*, as shown in Figures 3 and 9,
the said springs connecting the said arms with the stop levers Q or with a suitable.

page_text: contiguous portion of the loom framing. The hook 15 or 15*, is then allowed to
descend low enough to catch the T head of the lever S, so that as the said head
is thrown forward by the action of the cam S' on the said lever and pulls with it
the said hook and the short lever 1, the pusher rod l, which is attached to the
said lever ', then pushes forward the lower end of the knocking-off lever S, and so
throws back the upper end against the hand lever S¹, which being thereby knocked
off and liberated from the catch or notch provided for it on the loom framing,
throws the loom out of gear by the action common to the hand lever of power
looms.
The same levers S2 and land their appurtenances serve to operate in connection
with the filling stop by the attachment to the pin of the lever l'of an additional
hook 10, which is similar to the hooks 1, *, except that its point is turned upward
as shown in Figure 14, instead of downward like the points of 13, 15*. The means
of lifting this hook within range of the T head of the lever S2 to effect the
knocking-off will be presently explained.
The filling forks T, T, and the forked racks V, V, of the filling stop, one of each
for each side of the loom, are attached to two small rock shafts t and v arranged in
bearings on or attached to the back of the raceway M, as shown in Figures 10, 11,
and 14. One of the said forks and its corresponding rack and portions of their
rock shafts (, v, are also shown in the detail perspective view, Figure 17. The said
racks work through openings in the raceway M, as shown in Figure 18, which
exhibits a section of a portion of the raceway, and a side view of one of the racks
and its corresponding fork.
The rock shaft v of the racks is furnished with an arm v' (shown in Figures 17
and 18, and in the detail plan view, Figure 15, also in dotted lines in Figure 14)
which is connected by a rod v2 (see Figure 14) with the hook 10 above described,
and the said hook is connected by a spiral spring with the raceway. The effect
of this spring is to raise the arin v', and thereby to raise the racks V, and when the
filling is not pressed down upon one of the said racks by its corresponding fork T,
the said racks are held up by the said spring, so that the upper faces of the prongs
of the rack are about even with the surface of the raceway. The tension of the
spring is only sufficient to hold up the racks V, permitting the rack to be easily
depressed by the action of the forks T upon the filling lying across the racks.
The forks T are depressed after every flight of the shuttle by the action of the
cam T on the crank shaft upon an elbow lever T2, the fulcrum pin t' of which is
fitted to a bearing in a rigid hanger T secured to the loom framing. This lever T2
and cam T and the connection of the said lover with the rock shaft t of the fork
are shown in Figure 11, but the cam and lever are more clearly shown in a partly
sectional side view, Figure 21, and the form of the lever is shown in a perspective
view, Figure 19.
The position of the cam T on the crank shaft is shown in Figure G between
the cam K, which operates the band J, and the shuttle stop cam Q1 at the left-
hand side of the looin. The said lever T2, which has a spiral spring 2 applied to
it to keep it in contact with the cam, is connected with an arm t on the fork
shaft t; but in order to prevent an unyielding action of the said cam T' on the
forks, which would break the filling, the arm t³, instead of being directly con-
nected with the said lever T2, is connected therewith by a second lever T,
which works on a pin to, connecting it with the said lever T, and which is con-
nected by a rod t with the said armi ³. This lever T is connected by a light
spiral spring to with an upwardly projecting branch t' of the lever T2, and which 5
spring, except when the fork is pressing on the filling, holds the said lever T' in
contact with a shoulder (s on the lever T; but in case of the loom stopping with
the forks down, the said spring allows the forks to be raised by the operator to
permit the attendant to put a shuttle in a box, which is opposite the raceway.
The said spring also allows the fork to yield in case in the operation of the loom a
shuttle or other obstruction gets under one of the forks when the cam T is operating
to depress them.
5

page_text: Every time a shuttle has carried a shot of filling properly through the warp the
filling is laid over the rack V next that side of the loom where the shuttle is
received, and the corresponding fork T coming down on the filling presses it upon
the rack, and causes the latter to be depressed, and thereby causes the arm v¹ on the
rock shaft v to be depressed, and the rod v³ to depress the hook 10 out of reach of
the T head of the elbow lever S, so that the said lever is inoperative on the
knocking-off lever; but if the filling has broken or given out, the hook 10 will
remain raised by the spring v³, and will be caught by the T head of the lever, and
thereby caused to pull forward the lever l, and cause the pusher rod to knock off
the hand lever and throw the loom out of gear.
The movements of the finger forks produced by the cain T¹ and the movements
of the raceway and comb are so timed that when the raceway is in its backward
position opposite the rear shuttle boxes, and after the shuttle has been thrown
across the raceway in that position one of the filling forks comes down upon the
shot of filling, thus carried through the warp, and the said filling being grasped
lightly between the said fork, and its corresponding rack V is carried forward with
the raceway by the forward movement of the latter before the comb has risen up
to the level of the filling, and the latter has arrived in front of the range of the
comb. By this means the filling is prevented from getting behind the heel of the
fork, and so failing to move the hook 10 out of the way of the lever S, and
the entrance of the comb into the shed of the warp on a line behind the filling
is insured.
In order to provide more effectually for the above-described operation, and also
to afford greater convenience for the insertion of a shuttle into the shuttle boxes
when the loom is stopped, with the forks T, T, pressed down by the cam T¹, and
further to provide for making the said forks and the racks V, V, and their
appurtenances operate under certain circumstances as a warp-stop motion, the said
forks and racks are constructed and arranged so that their operative parts, between
which the filling operates, have a space behind them wide enough for the passage
of a shuttle, as shown in Figure 18, where a shuttle Z is shown in section on
the raceway M, and the shanks or arms of the fork in rear of its said operative
parts are arched or bent upward to allow the shuttle to pass under them along the
raceway. By thus making room for the shuttles to pass the forks, the loon will in
many or most instances be stopped, in case of the breakage of a warp yarn, for
by the said yarn becoming entangled with the other warp yarns in front of the
reed the filling will be held back behind the heel of the forks, and out of range of
the forks and racks, and the loom will consequently be stopped as it would by the
breakage or giving out of the filling.
The driving shaft B transmits rotary motion to the main shaft C of the loom
by means of the small spur wheel B₁ on the former gearing with a large spur wheel
C on the latter. Rotary motion is transmitted from the main shaft C to the crank
shaft E by means of the spur wheel C on the former, and a spur wheel Es on the
latter, and from the main shaft to the cam shaft D by a spur wheel C³ on the former,
and a spur wheel D³ on the latter, the wheel E having half as many teeth as C',
and the wheel D³ having twice as many teeth as C³.
The driving shaft carries the loose driving pulley B², which receives the driving
belt and the said pulley is suitably formed, as shown in section in Figure 5, to
match with a friction clutch B3 which is fitted to the said shaft with a feather
which prevents it from turning on the said shaft, while permitting it to move
longitudiually thereon for putting the driving pulley in and out of gear. The said
clutch is operated in a well-known way by means of a lever B', which is
connected by a rod B with the arm B of the shaft B' which carries the hand
lever S¹.
The driving shaft has also fast upon it the bevel toothed backing-off wheel W
(see Figures 2, 5, and 8) and a brake wheel U which are shown as made in one
piece.
The brake wheel and the brake U', and its operating mechanism are best shown

page_text: in Figure 22, which is a side view of its principal details, and is also partly shown
in Figure 23, which is a back view of the brake and backing-off mechanism.
The brake U is pivoted at its upper part by a pin u to the loom framing, and
its lower end is connected by a toggle joint u, u, with the arm u³ of a four-armed
lever U, shown detached in a perspective view, Figure 24. The fulcrum pin u* of
this lever is secured in the loom framing, and its arm u is connected by a rod
with the lower end of a swinging arm u', which is pivoted to the loom framing,
and which is also connected by a rod us with the backing-off treadle Y in such
imanner that the depression of the said treadle by the foot of the operator to
produce the backing-off motion, which will be herein-after described, will pull
forward the rods and us and the arm us of the lever U, and so depress the
arm thereof, which forms a third link to the toggle, and thereby produce a
downward flexure of the joint between the latter arm and the link u³ of the toggle,
and so pull off the brake from the brake wheel.
The joint between the links u¹, u², of the toggle is connected by a rod uº with
an arm Bs, on the rear end of the hand-lever rock shaft B7, so that when the
hand lever is knocked off the spring S5, which acts upon the said lever to put the
loom out of gear, also acts through the shaft B' of the hand lever, and through
the arm B and rod u³, to produce the straightening of the joint between the
toggle links u', u³, and so apply pressure to the brake to stop the loom. At the
time that this operation takes place the connection of the toggle with the arm u³
of the lever Us must be absolutely incapable of moving back ward, and therefore a
suitable stop must be provided for the lever U³. This might be provided in
various ways, but is shown as provided in a way which can be better explained
after describing the backing-off mechanism.
W (Figures 2, 5, 8, and 23) is the backing-off shaft arranged at right angles to
the driving shaft B having its rear end secured in a small standard W on the loom
fraining, and its front end in a box W³ fitted to the driving shaft. To this shaft
there is fitted to slide longitudinally thereon a small bevel toothed wheel W4 to
gear with the backing-off wheel W, and to this wheel W there is secured a
beveled friction wheel W, to gear with a beveled friction wheel Wo, which is
secured to the loose pulley B². These wheels W and Ware connected with the
forked arm u¹º of the lever Us. When the loom is running the bevel wheels W*
and W are held back out of gear from their respective bevel wheels W and We by
means of a strong spiral spring u", one end of which is attached to the loom framing
and the other end to the lower arm u* of the lever Us; but when after the stoppage
of the loom the treadle Y is depressed by the attendant, the rods us, arm u³, and
rod u are thereby drawn forward. The lever U" is caused to push forward the
bevel wheels W and W into gear with the wheels W and Wo, the loose pulley B
turning freely on the driving shaft is caused to transmit motion through the bevel
friction wheel We to the corresponding wheel W, and attached wheel W to
the backing-off wheel W, which thus produces the rotation of the driving shaft
in the opposite direction to that in which the loose pulley rotates. As the wheels
W and W are thus coming into gear, the upward flexure of the joint between the
link u² of the toggle and the front arm us of the lever U2 pulls off the brake U
from the brake wheel as herein-before explained, and when the treadle is released
the spring acts on the lever U³ to pull the wheels W, W, out of gear, and at
the same time to straighten the joint between 2 and u³, and again apply the
brake. This spring by its action through the lever U2 on the wheel W presses
the hub of the latter against the standard Ws, and so provides the stop herein-
before mentioned as necessary for the lever U to make the connection between u³
and u³ immovable, that it may form a fixed bearing for the toggle in the action of
the latter upon the brake. During the backing-off operation as well as while the
loom is stopped, the joint between the toggle links u¹ and u³ is straight or nearly
so, but when the loom is again thrown into gear by the hand lever, the said lever
acting through its shaft B and arm Bs and the rod u, produces the upward flexure
of the joint between u³ and u³, and so pulls off the brake from the brake wheel.

page_text: By the two series of brake connections made through the double toggle joint as
herein-above described, one brake is made to serve the purpose of stopping the
loom both after running forward and after backing off, and the said brake is thrown
off both by the act of putting the loom in gear for running forward, and by the act
of throwing the backing-off motion into gear.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention communicated to me from
abroad, and the manner of perforining or carrying the same into practice, what I
claim under the above in part recited Letters Patent on behalf of the said John
Chester Duckworth is,―
First. The combination of two series of shuttle boxes arranged one in front of
the other on either side of a loom, and a vibrating or reciprocating raceway moving
from a position opposite to either set of shuttle boxes, and stopping opposite each
set, substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
Second. The combination of two series of shuttle boxes arranged, one in front
of the other on either side of the loom, a raceway moving back and forth between
positions opposite to each set of shuttle boxes, and a comb detached from and
moving independently of said raceway for beating up the filling, substantially as
herein set forth.
Third. The combination of two series of shuttle boxes on either side of a loom
arranged close or nearly close together, and having their binders and the openings
for the pickers on their outer sides, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described.
Fourth. The combination of two series of shuttle boxes on either side of a loom,
one set sliding in guides provided for it on the other set, substantially as herein
described.
Fifth. The combination with the barrel J and its shaft J' for raising the shuttle
boxes H on either side of the loom, of the wheel J³, the two sets of pawls J' and
their pawl rod Jo operated from below by a cam on one of the shafts of the loom,
and means under the control of the jacquard machine or other pattern mechanism
for throwing either set of pawls into operation, substantially as herein described.
Sixth. The combination with the wheel Js on the shaft of the shuttle box
operating barrel J, and the pawl rod Je carrying two pawls for turning the said
barrel in opposite direction; of the stop Jo, the sleeve 61 on the rod of the said
stop, the tappet d' on the pawl rod, and the spring 6 interposed between the
said sleeve and the head of the stop, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
b
Seventh. The combination with the wheel J³ on the shaft of the shuttle box,
operating barrel J, and the two pawls J', for operating on said wheel to turn the
said barrel in opposite directions, of the spring d³ connecting the two pawls, and
the slotted rods d applied between the said pawls to prevent both from coming into
gear at the same time, but permitting either to come into gear, substantially as
herein described.
Eighth. The combination with wheels Js on the barrel shafts J', of the friction
brake shoes J', the elastic arms ³, j, and the screw Jº, substantially as and for the
purpose herein specified.
Ninth. The combination with the vibrating or reciprocating raceway, and the
cams M for operating the same, of the levers M2 and M', and the springs m²
connecting said levers, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
Tenth. The combination with the comb N for beating up, the rock shaft F having
arms F, F, for carrying the comb, the toggle links F, F, connecting the comb
with fixed points on the loom framing, the crank shaft E having its cranks
connected with the joint of the toggle links and the cam F operating upon an
arm F, of the rock shaft, whereby a backward-and-forward and an upward-and-
downward movement are imparted to the comb, substantially as and for the
purpose herein described.
Eleventh. The comb constructed of teeth having dovetail bottoms, dovetail
backing plates n² placod between the said dovetail bottoms, and a clamping rod n³

page_text: passing through holes in the said teeth and packing plates, and clamping the whole
together, substantially as herein described.
Twelfth. The combination with the lay and the comb constructed as above
described, of the dovetail lip n' on the lay, and the removable dovetail clamping
piece n³, substantially as herein specified.
Thirteenth. The combination with the journals 0 of the lifting rods 0%, the
treadles O, and the cams Os on the shaft D, substantially as herein described.
Fourteenth. The combination with the pickers of the stationary spindle k¹ and
the spindle arranged between centres, one of which is capable of yielding to
allow the said spindle k² to be pulled out of its place by the picker, substantially as
and for the purpose herein set forth.
Fifteenth. The combination with two picking-stick operating levers and a tappet
wheel on either side of the loom, of a sliding shaft carrying the said levers, and
means of moving the said shaft longitudinally for the purpose of bringing either of
said levers into a position to be operated by the said cam, whereby the one cam is
made capable of operating either of the two picking sticks, substantially as herein
described.
Sixteenth. The combination of the tappet wheel P', the sliding shaft p¹, one or
more picking stick operating levers, P or P**, on the said shaft, the lever Ps, the
cam P, the bevel gear Pe attached to the said cam, and the bevel gear P7 on the
same shaft with the tappet wheel, substantially as herein described for the purpose
set forth.
Seventeenth. The combination with the pickers of the shuttle stop lovers Q, the
rods q, springs q', levers Q2, and cams Q', substantially as herein described.
Eighteenth. The connection of the two protector shafts R of the two sets of
front shuttle boxes on opposite sides of the loom by means of arms on the said
shafts, and a shaft R at the back of the raceway carrying arms ³ connecting with
the said arms, substantially as herein described.
Nineteenth. The combination with one or more protector shafts R, R*, of one or
more hooks 15, 1**, connected with the said shaft or shafts, and with the knocking-off:
lever or mechanisin, and a lever S2 operated by a cain S' on one of the continuously
rotating shafts of the loom, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.
Twentieth. The combination with the filling stop fork or forks T of the loom,
and one or more yielding racks Y carried by a rock shaft v, of a hook 71° connected
with the said rock shaft, and a lever S2 operated by a cam S' on one of the continu-
ously rotating shafts of the loom, substantially as and for the purpose herein
specified.
Twenty-first. The combination of the knocking-off cam S4, the levor S, and two
or more hooks 15, 15, 210, connected with the protector shaft or shafts, with the
yielding racks or racks of the filling stop, and with the lever or device for knocking
the loom out of gear, substantially as herein described, whereby the same lever or
knocking-off device is operated both by the protector and the filling stop, substan-
tially as herein described.
Twenty-second. The combination of the knocking-off' lever S, the rod 1, the lever
1, the hooks 15, 75, 710, connected with the protector and filling stop, the elbow
lever S, and the knocking-off cam S, substantially as and for the purpose herein
<lescribed.
Twenty-third. The combination with the filling stop forks T, and the cam T¹ and
lever T for operating the same, of the yielding shouldered lever T' and spring to
connecting the said forks with the said lever T2, substantially as and for the
herein described.
purpose
Twenty-fourth. The combination with a shuttle raceway and an independent
comb having a reciprocating movement for beating up the filling, and a rising and
falling movement for bringing the said comb up into and taking it out of the warp,
of yielding racks and filling forks, and a cam so timed for operating the said forks
that the latter will sieze the filling and carry it forward in front of the range of
said comb, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

page_text: Twenty-fifth. The combination with the raceway of the filling forks T and racks
V, constructed and arranged to provide a space for the passage of the shuttle in rear
of the operative portions of the said forks and racks, substantially as and for the
purpose herein specified.
Twenty-sixth. The combination with the driving shaft B and the loose pulley B²
of the bevel toothed backing-off wheel W on the said shaft, the bevel friction wheel
Wo fast on the loose pulley, the bevel toothed wheel W, and attached bevel friction
wheel WB, and means of bringing the said wheels W and W into gear with the
wheels Wand We, when required for giving the backing-off motion to the loom,
substantially as herein described.
Twenty-seventh. The combination with the bevel friction gear We on the loose
pulley, the bevel toothed backing-off wheel W, and the brake wheel U on the
driving shaft, the attached bevel friction gear W and bevel toothed gear W', and
the brake U of the lever U, connected with the said wheels W, W, and connected
by a toggle with the brake, whereby when the said wheels W, W, are thrown into
gear, the brake is withdrawn from the brake wheel, and when the said wheels aro
thrown out of gear the brake is applied, substantially as herein described.
Twenty-eighth. The combination of the hand lover S', its shaft B7, and arms B
and B8 of the clutch lever B* connected with the said arm Bº, and the brake U' con-
nected with the said arm B by a toggle, whereby the said brake is thrown off the
brake wheel by the hand lever when the loom is in gear, and thrown on the said
wheel when the loom is out of gear, substantially as herein described.
Twenty-ninth. The three linked toggle u', u², us, connecting the brake at one of
its joints with the hand lever, and at another of its joints with the backing-off
treadle, substantially as herein described, whereby the same brake is made to serve
for stopping the loom both after running forward and after backing off, substan-
tially as herein described.
In witness whereof, J, the said John Garrett Tongue, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JOHN CARRETT TONCHE