IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING HOLLOW METALLIC INGOTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC TUBES AND IN MOULDS FOR CASTING THE SAID HOLLOW INGOTS
Year: 1885

page_text: I WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT of Kingston Metal Works Adderley Street
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING HOLLOW METALLIC INGOTS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC TUBES AND IN MOULDS FOR CASTING THE SAID
HOLLOW INGOTS" to be as follows:-
My invention is especially applicable to the casting of hollow ingots for the
manufacture of tubes of copper and alloys of copper but is also applicable to the
manufacture of tubes of other metals and alloys My said invention has for its
object to produce a sound casting which on being drawn or rolled into a tube shall
produce a tube free from the flaws and cracks frequently found in tubes made
from hollow ingots cast in the ordinary way.
I will describe my invention in connection with the casting of a hollow ingot of
copper.
In the ordinary method of casting hollow ingots of copper the melted copper is
poured into the cored ingot mould of cast iron stationed in a vertical or nearly
vertical position The portion of melted metal coming into contact with the cool
mould solidities almost immediately and is in such a molecular condition that it
will not bear so severe a strain as the portion of the metal which cools more
slowly. Consequently when the ingot is made into a tube cracks and flaws appear
on the exterior of the finished tube.
My invention consists in keeping the melted metal poured into the mould in
gentle motion so as to prevent the sudden cooling of the portions in contact with
the metal mould. By the said motion the whole of the metal forming the ingot
solidifies and cools nearly at the same time and the unfavourable molecular
condition due to the sudden cooling of the exterior of the ingot is prevented.
In carrying my Invention into effect I prefer to give to the mould in which the
hollow ingot is cast a gentle rotary motion. This I effect by mounting it upon a

page_text: short vertical shaft or axis to which the required motion is given by steam or
hand power through the requisite gearing I do not limit myself to any particular
method of mounting and rotating the mould nor to any particular rate of rotation
but I find in practice that from twenty to thirty rotations per minute answers well
and produces a hollow ingot homogeneous or nearly homogeneous throughout.
By the rotation of the mould every portion of the metal already in the mould is
brought under the descending stream of melted metal being poured into the
mould and the combined motions produce a thorough but gentle agitation of the
whole mass which prevents any part solidifying much in advance of the remaining
part.

page_text: facture of Metallic Tubes, and in Moulds for Casting the said
Hollow Ingots.
I WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT of Kingston Metal Works Adderley Street
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the
nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention is especially applicable to the casting of hollow ingots for the
manufacture of tubes of copper and alloys of copper but is also applicable to the
manufacture of tubes of other metals and alloys. My said invention has for its
object to produce a sound casting which on being drawn or rolled into a tube shall
produce a tube free from the flaws and cracks frequently found in tubes made from
hollow ingots cast in the ordinary way.
I will describe my invention in connection with the casting of a hollow ingot
of copper.
In the ordinary method of casting hollow ingots of copper the melted copper is
poured into the cored mould of cast iron stationed in a vertical position. The
portion of melted metal coming into contact with the cool mould solidifies almost
immediately and is in such a molecular condition that it will not bear so severe a
strain as the portion of the metal which cools more slowly. In order to remedy
this defect and to produce a hollow ingot free from cracks and flaws it is usual
to press the casting while in the mould at each end by bydraulic pressure.
My invention consists in keeping the melted metal poured into the mould in
gentle motion so as to prevent the sudden cooling of the portions in contact with
the metal mould. By the said motion the whole of the metal forming the ingot
solidifies and cools nearly at the same time and the unfavourable molecular
condition due to the sudden cooling of the exterior of the ingot is prevented.
In carrying my invention into effect I prefer to give to the mould in which the
hollow ingot is cast a gentle rotary motion. This I effect by mounting it upon a
short vertical shaft or axis to which the required motion is given by steam or hand
power through the requisite gearing. I do not limit myself to any particular
method of mounting and rotating the mould nor to any particular rate of rotation
but I find in practice that from twenty to thirty rotations per minute answers well
and produces a hollow ingot homogeneous or nearly homogeneous throughout. By
the rotation of the mould every portion of the metal already in the mould is
brought under the descending stream of melted metal being poured into the mould
and the combined motions produce a thorough but gentle agitation of the whole
mass which prevents any part solidifying much in advance of the remaining part.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing
the mould and apparatus which I prefer to use for casting a hollow ingot of copper
according to my invention.
Figure 1 represents in elevation the said mould and apparatus and Figure 2
represents a vertical section of the same.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in both Figures.

page_text: a is the metal mould made in halves and supported upon the disc or platform b
the said halves of the mould being bound together by the clamping rings or
bands c, c and wedges; or the halves of the mould may be secured together by
screwed lugs. The said supporting disc or platform b of the mould is mounted
upon the short vertical shaft or axis d to which a gentle rotatory motion is
communicated from the horizontal shaft through the bevil gearing h, g the said
shaft being either worked by hand or by steam or other motive power; but
I do not limit myself to mounting and rotating the mould by the appliances
represented in the Drawing. The middle of the upper side of the disc or
platform b has screwed into it the bearing or support into which the bottom of
the metallic core k of the mould is fitted the said bearing or support i, with a top
support above the mould, preserving the said core in an axial position in the
mould. The said metallic core k is covered by a coating of loam as usual. Above
the bearing i is a seat 7 of steel constituting the bottom of the mould. Through
the seat the end of the core k passes and the loam covering of the core seats itself
in a recess in the said seat 7 as represented in Figure 2.
The mould and appliances having been arranged as represented in the Drawing
a slow rotatory motion is given to them by working the driving axis or shaft f
and the molten copper is poured into the top of the slowly rotating mould. As
the mould rotates at the rate (preferably) herein before described, every portion of
the molten copper already in the mould is brought under the descending stream of
copper being poured into the mould and the combined motions produce a thorough
but gentle agitation of the whole mass which prevents any part solidifying much
in advance of the remaining part. The sudden cooling of the portion of the
melted copper in contact with the metal mould is thereby prevented and a hollow
ingot is produced homogeneous or nearly homogeneous throughout.
After the hollow ingot has solidified in the mould the halves of the mould are
separated and the core lifted from the seats i, l and the core is theu withdrawn from
the hollow ingot in the ordinary way.
I apply my invention to the casting of hollow ingots of metals other than
copper and of alloys of copper and alloys of other metals substantially as herein
before described and illustrated with respect to the casting of a hollow ingot of
copper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim as my invention of "Improvements in casting hollow metallic ingots for
the manufacture of metallic tubes and in moulds for casting the said hollow
ingots" is
First. Giving the vertical metal mould in which the hollow ingot is cast a gentle
rotary motion during the pouring into the mould of the molten copper or other
metal or alloy for the purpose and substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly. Mounting the vertical metal mould on a disc or platform to which a
slow rotary motion is given and supporting the core in the axis of the mould
substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawing.