IMPROVEMENTS IN PIRN WINDING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bornhardt, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster,
Spinner and Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIRN
WINDING MACHINES."
Sealed the 28th May 1878, and dated the 3rd December 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bernhardt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1877.
GEORGE BERNHARDT, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIRN WINDING MACHINES."
Firstly. My improvements relate to pirn winding machines, and are made upon
those in which the pirn bobbin is driven while the thread is being wound upon it
by a bevel pulley, there being a separate bevel pulley for each pirn spindle, which
pulleys are secured upon a shaft at suitable distances apart.
My Invention consists in an improved combination, arrangement, and construc-
tion of pirn winding machines. The horizontal shafts having the bevel driving
pulleys upon them (which shafts are on each side of a double-sided machine) are
geared together and with the driving power by spur or bevel wheels. These
horizontal shafts are steeled and hardened at their ends, and press in working
against adjustable "tail pins," which are employed to resist the end pressure put
upon the shafts by the pirns. The spindle for each pirn bobbin is attached at its
upper end to a part jointed in a slide, with square edges made to slide up and down
in slideways in a bracket (there being one for each pirn spindle) secured to the
framing, and when the slide has been moved high enough, by the filling of the pirn
with thread, there is a jointed catch which presses by its own weight against the
slide, so as to pass under its lower edge and prevent its descent when the spindle is
turned from its vertical to an horizontal or inclined position to take off a full pirn,
and replace it with an empty piru, or for piecing the end, the spindle being held in
this horizontal or inclined position by a spring which presses a point into a sinall
cavity in the said joint part. When the pirn is replaced on the spindle the turning

page_text: "
down of the spindle into the vertical position causes a projection upon the said joint
part to push back the catch which holds up the slide, and thus releases it and
allows it to descend. The upper part of the spindle has a head which enters an
enlarged hole in the said joint part, and is retained in it by a screw, the point of
which enters a cavity in the head of the spindle, and thus forms a tail pin for the
head of the spindle to rotate against, while the cavity in the head of the spindle
serves to retain oil to lubricate it. The lower end of the spindle when at work
enters in and is held by a tube closed at its lower end to retain the lubricant, this
tube also having leather or flannel saturated with oil to keep the spindle fully
lubricated. Each spindle at its upper end has a dished collar screwed upon it, and
between this and the head of the pirn a washer of leather or india-rubber is placed,
or a steel or other suitable spring is used, which forms an elastic medium for
pressing and keeping the pirn against the bevel driving pulley, and allows for
inequalities, and insures the spindle and pirn being driven. The spindle fits the
pirn loosely, and when the pirn is full of thread the lower end of the spindle (which
rises as the pirn fills) will bo withdrawn from the tube, and will slide forward in an
inclined trough, which forms part of the bracket holding the tube. The spindle can
then be lifted to its horizontal position to change the full pirn for the empty one,
the full pirn being withdrawn in the act of lifting the spindle. By this arrange-
ment of the mechanism the attendant can effect the change in to or three seconds
with one hand. The wires for guiding the thread as it is wound on to the pirns is
formed into a curl or open hook, so that the thread can be readily inserted. The
thread winds faster (if the spindles are driven at a uniform speed) at the larger than
at the smaller end of the pirn; and to compensate for this arms or rods are arranged
to oscillate to form a loop to take up thread when the traverse is opposite the small
part of the pirn; and give up the slack thread when opposite the large part of the
pirn. This may also be accomplished by causing the brackets carrying the hank,
swift," or cops or bobbins from which the thread is drawn to oscillate to and from
the pirns.
Secondly. My Invention consists in combining spindles for winding pirns arranged,
as above described, in a circle, so as to be all driven from one large pulley with a
cone or cylindrical periphery, this pulley being rotated on a vertical axis or shaft.
Each traverse or guide wire is or may be worked from a separate lever, one end of
which works in a can groove formed on the under side of the driving pulley; or
the guide wires is or may be secured in one circular hoop concentric with the
driving pulley, which hoop is arranged in vertical guides so as to be moved up and
down vertically by another inner hoop or pulley having inclined slots which act
upon pins in the outer hoop, the inner hoop or pulley having oscillating movements
in a circular direction imparted to it by a lever or bar actuated by a cam formed on
the under side of the cone driving pulley, or a cam driven separately from the cone
driving pulley, or separate cams may be used. To obtain a uniform speed of
winding the thread the cone driving pulley may be driven by suitably shaped
excentric wheels or other means. The rails for the spindles and other parts of the
framing are made circular to suit the circular arrangement of the machine.
Thirdly. My Invention further consists in arranging the spindle and connected
mechanism described under the first head of my Invention in an inverted position
so as to press upwards against the under side of the bevel driving pulley; the slide
carrying the hinged part which forms the footstep of the spindle in this case being
connected with a weight lever to press it upwards. As the bobbin fills the spindle
descends in this case, and the catch is arranged to retain it at its lowest position
when the bobbin is full. This inverted arrangement is also applicable to the circular
machine described under the second head of my Invention, or where there is a
separate bevel pulley on a separate vertical shaft for driving each spindle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Bernhardt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th May
1878.
GEORGE BERNHARDT, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIRN WINDING MACHINES."
Firstly. My improvements relate to pirn winding machines, and are made upon
those in which the pirn bobbin is driven while the thread is being wound upon it
by a bevel pulley, there being a separate bevel pulley for each pirn spindle, which
pulleys are secured upon a shaft at suitable distances apart
My Invention consists in an improved combination, arrangement, and construction
of pirn winding machines. The horizontal shafts having the bevel driving pulleys
upon them (which shafts are on each side of a double-sided machine), are geared
together, and with the driving power by spur or bevel wheels, these horizontal
shafts are steelod and hardened at their ends, and press in working against
adjustable screws or "tails pins" which are employed to resist the end pressure put
upon the shafts by the pirns The spindle for each pirn bobbin is attached at its
upper end to a part joined in a slide with square edges made to slide up and down
in slideways in a bracket (there being one for each pirn spindle), secured to the
framing, and when the slide has been moved high enough by the filling of the pirn
with thread there is a jointed catch which presses by its own weight against the
slide so as to pass under its lower edge, and prevent its descent when the spindle is
turned from its vertical to an horizontal or inclined position to take off a full pirn
and replace it with an empty pirn or for piecing the end, and the spindle is or may
be held in this horizontal or inclined position by a spring which presses a point
into a small cavity in the said joint part When the pirn is replaced on the spindle
the turning down of the spindle into the vertical position causes a projection upon
the said joint part to push back the catch which holds up the slide, and thus releases
it and allows it to descend. The upper part of the spindle has a head which enters
an enlarged hole in the said joint part, and is retained in it by a screw, the point
of which enters a cavity in the head of the spindle, and thus forms a "tail pin" for
the head of the spindle to rotate against while the cavity in the head of the spindle
serves to retain oil to lubricate it. The lower end of the spindle, when at work,
enters in, and is held by a tube closed at its lower end to retain the lubricant
this tube also baving leather or flannel saturated with oil to keep the spindle
pulley lubricated Each spindle, at its upper end, has a dished collar screwed upon
it, and between this and the head of the pirn a washer of leather or other suitable
elastic material is placed, or a steel or other suitable spring is used which forms an
clastic medium for pressing and keeping the pirn against the bevel driving pulley,
and allows for inequalities and insures the spindle and pirn being driven. The
spindle fits the pirn loosely, and when the pirn is full of thread the lower end of
the spindle (which rises as the pirn fills) will be withdrawn from the tube, and will
slide forward in an inclined trough which forms part of the bracket holding the
tube. The spindle can then be lifted to its horizontal position to change the full
pirn for the empty one, the full pirn being withdrawn in the act of lifting the
spindle. By this arrangement of the mechanism the attendant can effect the
change in two or three seconds with one hand. The wires for guiding the threads,
as they are wound upon the pirns, are formed into a curl or open hook, so that the
thread can be readily inserted. The thread winds faster (if the spindles are driven
at a uniform speed) at the larger than at the smaller end of the prin, and to com-
pensate for this arms or rods are arranged to oscillate to form a loop to take up
thread when the traverse is opposite the small part of the pirn, and give up the
slack thread when opposite the large part of the pirn. This may also be
accomplished by causing the brackets carrying the bank swift or cops or bobbins
from which the thread is drawn to oscillate to and from the pirns.
i

page_text: My Invention further consists in arranging the spindle and connected mechanism
above described in an inverted position so as to press upwards against the under
side of the bevel diving pulley, the slide carrying the hinged part which forms the
footstep of the spindle in this case being connected with a weight lever to press it
upwards. As the bobbin fills the spindle descends in this case, and the catch
is ananged to retain it at its lowest position when full. This inverted
arrangement is also applicable to the circular machine herein-after described,
or where there is a separate bevel pulley on a separate vertical shaft for driving
each spindle.
My Invention further consists in arranging so that the bevel pulleys on the
horizontal shaft are made double, that is, bevelled on one side to drive a pirn
spindle which will ascend as the pirn fills, and bevelled on the other side to drive
a pin spindle which will descend as the pirn fills, thus obtaining more spindles
in the same space, and neutralizing the end pressure of the pirns on the shafts.
This duplex arrangement of spindles is also applicable to the circular machines
herein-after described.
My Invention further consists in arranging the brackets carrying the spindles so
that they can be adjusted to and fro in the lengthway of the rail which carries
them by a set screw, or so that they can slide on the rail being acted upon by a
spring weight or weight lever to force the spindle towards the driving surface
or pulley, a screw stop being arranged to limit the movement of the slide. This
arrangement allows of pirns being wound of different diameters, and of readily
changing from one diameter to another. In the circular machines the bracket
carrying the spindle is made to slide radially in respect to the driving pulley. The
bearing for the point or free end of the spindles may remain fixed when the
bracket is caused to slide against the stop by a weight or spring, or the brackets for
these bearings may be made adjustable by a set screw.
Or
Secondly. My Invention consists in combining spindles for winding pirns
arranged as above described (or in the ordinary manner) in a circle so as to be all
driven by friction from one large pulley with a cone or cylindrical periphery (or
by gearing when the spindle is arranged in its ordinary manner), this pulley or
driving wheel being rotated on a vertical axis or shaft. Each traverse or guide
wire is or may be worked from a separate lever, one end of which works in a cam
groove formed on the under side of the driving pulley, or by a separate cam.
the guide wires are or may be secured in one circular hoop concentric with the
driving pulley, which hoop 18 arranged in vertical guides so as to be moved up
and down vertically by another inner hoop or pulley having inclined slots, which
act upon pins in the outer hoop, the inner hoop or pulley having oscillating move-
ments in a circular direction imparted to it by a lever or bar actuated by a cam
formed on the under side of the cone driving, or a cam driven separately from the
cone driving pulley, or separate cams or other means may be used. To obtain a
uniform speed of winding the thread the cone driving pulleys or wheels
may be driven by suitably shaped excentric wheels, friction pulleys, or other
means.
The rails for the spindles and other parts of the framing are made circular to
suit the circular arrangement of the machine.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, Fig. 2 a front elevation, and Fig. 3 a plan illustrating
one modification coming under the first head of my Invention.
a is the horizontal driving shaft, having a separate bevel pulley a' on it for
each pirn spindle; b is a pirn spindle made with an enlarged head, dished at the
end, as shown in Fig. 1. It rotates in a collar that comes against a shoulder on
the spindle, which collar is screwed in a part b' which has a "tail pin" centre screw b
that enters the cavity in the end of the spindle, and thus takes the end pressure,
this tail screw having a lock nut upon it, as shown, to secure it when adjusted.
There is also in the part b' a hole for the lubricant to pass to the spindle, as shown.
The part 61 is binged on a joint pin at 68 to a part c, which can slide up and down

page_text: in a bracket & secured to the rail a. This joint (b) allows the spindle (b) to be
turned to an inclined or to a horizontal position when the pirn f is to be removed
and replaced. Upon the spindle there is a cup 6 secured, in which there is a
washer of leather, india-rubber, or other elastic material, which comes against the
large end of the pirn (✓) when it is upon the spindle, and gives way to slight
inequalities, and keeps the surface of the thread winding on the pirn against the
bevelled edge of the driving pulley (a'). The lower end of the spindle (b) has its
bearing in a bracket g, secured to a rail a¹; and the bracket has a tube gl attached
to it, which is closed at its lower end to retain the lubricant. This bracket g is
also formed into a trough gs to receive the end of the spindle and pirn (see Fig. 1)
when the pirn has been filled sufficiently to withdraw the lower end of the spindle
from its bearing, at which time the pirn takes the position shown in peculiar dotted
line in Fig. 1, at which time a latch jointed to the bracket dat h' comes under
and retains the slide c at its highest position, but when the spindle (b) is again
pushed back to its vertical position a projection from the part 6 pushes the catch
away, as shown in Fig. 1, and this allows the slide o to descend. When the lower
end of the spindle is withdrawn from its bearing (g) the upper part of the spindle
is free enough to allow the lower end of the spindle to go sideways from the bevel
pulley a, at the same time as it moves forward the trough g³ formed on the
bracket g being shaped, as shown, to produce this lateral movement. is the
oscillating shaft, to which arms are attached to hold the "curl" or hook for
traversing and guiding the thread as it winds upon the pirn.
Fig. 4 is a side sectional elevation, and Fig. 5 a front elevation, and Fig 6 a plan
which illustrate that modification of my Invention where the spindle descends as
the pirn fills, and they also illustrate my Invention where the same bevel pulley
drives two pirn spindles.
The lower end of the spindle b revolves in a footstep bearing in a part b' in which
there is a set screw, as shown, to prevent the spindle from being withdrawn. The
part bis jointed to a slide c, as described in reference to Figs 1 and 2, but to the
slide a rod c¹ is jointed, which rod is also jointed with the end of a weight lever c
having its fulcrum on the bracket d. This weight lever presses the slide c and
spindle b upwards to keep the pirn pressed against the bevel pulley a¹.
The upper end of the spindle rotates in a bearing in a bracket g socured to the
rail o, and when the pirn is full the end of the spindle is withdrawn from the
bearing, and then the weighted catch h jointed to the bracket & presses upon the
part and causes the spindle to move into the position in which it is shown in
Fig 4; this catch h also at the same time holds down the slide c against the action
of the weight lever c* until the spindle b is forced back into the vertical position,
when the projection from the part 6 pushes the catch h away and allows the weight
lever to lift the slide cand spindle b and press the pirn against the bevelled edge of
the pulley a'.
For driving two spindles by the same bevel pulley the upper spindle is arranged
as described in reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. In this
case the swifts or bobbins from which the thread is drawn are placed in two positions,
one set for the lower spindles below them, and the other set for the other spindles
above them. By this duplex arrangement the end pressure upon the shaft is
neutralized. and are the hook curls or guide wires for traversing the threads
as they wind upon the pirns.
It will be noticed that the same letters of reference are used for corresponding
parts both for the upper and lower spindle in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, but those referring
to the parts for the lower spindle are underlined.
at a
Fig. 7 illustrates one mode of carrying out my improvements for causing the
thread when winding on the pirn to unwind from the bobbin or "swift
uniform speed, or nearly so. is the "swift," or it may be a bobbin, from which the
thread is unwound; z¹ and ³, rods against which the thread passes in going from
the swift or bobbin to the "curl" or guide wire i³, which distributes it upon the pirn ;

page_text: y is a rod attached to a slide bar or bars y¹ moving in suitable guides, motion being
given by an arm i* from the oscillating shaft i for the thread distributors, which
aim or arms are connected with the slide bars y¹.
Instead of a rod y there may be a rail attached to the slide bars y¹, and in this
ruil there is or may be secured a "curl" or hook for each thread.
It will be seen that the thread passes from the swift over one rod xl partly round
the rod y, or in the curl or hooks under the rod to the distributing curl ³, and
that the length of the loop of the thread between the two rods and will be
extended when the distributing curl i descends, and reduced when this curl ascends,
thus the loop will cause thread to be taken up when the winding is slow by reason
of winding on the small part of the pirn, and given back when the winding is quick
by reason of the thread winding on the large part of the pirn.
When the arrangement is applied to a spindle in which the small end of the pirn
is upwards, then the oscillations of the shaft i will have to be conveyed through an
intermediate lever or otherwise, so that the ascending movement of the distributing
"curl " will lengthen the loop for the small end of the pirn, and the descending
movement shorten it for the large ond of the pirn; the "curls" are made of glass
by preference.
Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 9 a partial plan illustrating one modifi-
cation under the second head of my Invention A. the central framing of the
machine; j, driving belt; j¹, fast and loose driving pulleys; j³, shaft having bearings
in a bracket on the framing; ³, bevel wheel at one end of the shaft gearing with
one on a vertical shaft k having bearings in the framing, k¹, excentric or circular
spur wheel on the shaft k gearing with one on the central vertical shaft having
bearings in the framing, there being a set screw at the lower bearing to adjust
the height of the shaft On the upper end of the shaft la pulley is secured, the
edge of which is inclined, and against this edge the pirns press which are placed on
the framing all round this pulley so as to be rotated by it.
Fig. 10 is a side sectional elevation, and Fig 11 a plan section of one of the
spindles, and its connected mechanism detached, on an enlarged scale, and by con-
paring this arrangement of the spindle and its connected mechanism with that
shown by Figs 1, 2, and 3, it will be seen that the two are nearly the same, except in
the modo of driving the pirns, the mode of actuating the distributing "curls," and
in the forming of the trough g³ straight, as shown in Fig 11, instead of oblique, as
shown in Fig. 3. is a loose weight resting on the slide c, as shown, which weight
can be changed for one lighter or heavier, as required, to give more or less hardness
to the thread wound upon the pirn.
The distributing curls are each carried in an arm i³ from a ring it, which rests
upon the upper end of threo or more vertical rods is which can slide up and down
in guides attached to the framing.
To the lower end of each rod an arm is attached, as shown, and to each arm
one end of a jointed chain is secured which passes over a pulley on a stud in a
bracket secured to the framing, and the other end of the chain is attached to an
arm from a three-armed piece 28 that can oscillate round the upper bearing of the
central shaft l. One of these arms carries a stud on which a bowl is placed that
rests against a cam k³ on the upper end of the shaft k. This cam gives the oscilla-
tions that produce the up-and-down movements in the ring i'.
In Figs. 8 and 9 x represents the "swifts" from which the thread is to be unwound,
or the thread may be drawn from cops (2³) or bobbins (a) arranged on the rail
from the frame, as shown in Fig. 9. w is the bobbin or pirn box with the bottom
inclined from the centre to the sides, as shown, so that the bobbins or pirns will
always roll down to the outer edge of the box or trough.
Fig. 15 illustrates the arrangement of the spindle when winding pirns on parallel
paper tubes. b is the spindle; f*, the taper tube; b, the cup having a flange to
rest upon, and be rotated by the upper edge of the driving pulley until the first
layers of thread are wound upon it; 6ª, india-rubber or other elastic material in the

page_text: cup to press upon the end of the tube, the lower end of the tube rotating against
the upper part of the bearing g at the commencement of the winding, or is held up
by other suitable arrangements.
Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 13 a partial plan illustrating another
modification under the second head of my Invention, which is the same in arrange-
ment as that described in reference to Figs. 8 and 9, except that it is modified to
use the inverted spindle where the small end of the pirn is upwards.
The arrangement of the spindle and connected mechanism is shown detached on
an enlarged scale by Fig. 14, which arrangement is similar to that herein-before
described in reference to Figs. 4, 5, and 6, except as to the mode of driving the pirn
and as to the transverse motion, which is the same as that herein-before described
in reference to Figs. 8 and 0.
The duplex arrangement of spindles may be used in a circular machine by making
the driving pulley with reversed inclines on its edge, so that a pirn with the small
end down may be driven by the upper incline of the pulley, and pirns with the
small end upwards, by the lower incline; the lower spindles in this case are
arranged between the spaces for the upper spindles.
Fig. 16 is a sectional elevation illustrating another modification under the second
head of my Invention, in which the spindle, when driven, is in a horizontal position.
I is the central vertical shaft having arms upon it to carry a rim l which is inclined
to suit the bevel of the pirn. The spindles 6 are arranged generally as herein-before
described, except that the slide c is horizontal, and it is actuated to press the pirn
against the driving surface by a weight e suspended on one arm of a bell-crank
lever c³ having its fulcrum on the framing, the other arm of the bell crank boing
connected by a rod c' with the slide c. The catch his arranged as in Fig. 14,
except that the tail or weight part is made heavier and is continued in a straight
line with the catch end of the lever, but is on the opposite side of the fulcrum of
the catch so as to press the catch end of the lever upwards.
The bearing for the end of the spindle is on the rail e', and the end of the spindlo
withdraws from this bearing when the pirn is full, and then the weight catch
pushes it upwards into the position shown in Fig. 16. There is a separate slide
rod i* for each distributing curl, and each rod ix has a bowl upon its inner end
which works in a cam on the upper end of the shaft 1.
To give all the slide rods i* simultaneous movement, their inner ends have bowls
or studs which enter a slot in a pulley or cam arranged to oscillate saine as the
armed piece ³, Figs. 10 and 11, this cam having as many inclines as there are slide
rols i*, one for each rod, which inclines will give the required to-and-fro motion
when the cam is oscillated, this oscillation being given by a cam on a stud in the
framing in gear with the shaft l, the cam acting upon a bowl in the pulley or cam
) for the slide rods i*.
In the circular machines, illustrated by Figs 8 to 11 inclusive, where the pirn spindle
is driven by the friction of the driving pulley for fine or soft yarns or thread, the
axis of the spindle should be placed at an angle of, say, about 5 degrees to the
axis of the pulley, the direction being such in relation to the direction in which the
5 pulley rotates, that the motion will tend to push the pirn and spindle in that direction
in which it moves as it fills with thread, that is, upwards if the large end of the
pirn is upwards, and downwards if the large end of the pirn is downwards; and
in the modification illustrated by Fig. 16 the axis of the spindle is or may be
placed for fine and soft yarns at such angle from a radial line from the axis that
the action of the pulley will tend to force the pirn in the direction in which it
should move as it fills with thread, this angle varying a little with the diameter
of the pulley ; or, instead of placing the axis of the spindle in an angular
position, the surface of the pulley driving the pirn is fluted with slight grooves in
an inclined or screw direction, so as to tend while driving the pirn to screw or
5 push it in the direction in which it has to move as it is filled with thread. In
arranging the spindles so that pirns of large or small diameter may be wound, it is

page_text: the brackets & and d which are made to slide the lengthway of the rail e, e, or e¹,
which brackets are each provided with a screw stop, but for the circular machines
these brackets are arranged to slide across the rail, except when the spindle is
horizontal, as in Fig. 16, when the bracket d is arranged to slide up and down.
The bracket g for the point end of the spindle is or may also be made adjustable by
a set screw.
In Fig 16 a mode of varying the driving speed in circular machines is illustrated.
jis the shaft rotated by the driving belt; this shaft has a key groove on it which
fits a pulley that has bearings in a bracket jo arranged to slide to and fro on the
framing, and this bracket has a stud carrying a bowl working in a groove in a cam
13 on the vertical shaft which moves the bracket 1, and thus the pulley 1* to and
fro. The pulley works in contact, and drives a disc on the shaft . The disc in
Fig. 16 forms a part of the arms carrying the rim, and each revolution of the
arms winds on the pirn the thread which is to be wound thereon in one to-and-fro
movement of the thread distributors 2ª.
Fig. 17 illustrates my circular arrangement of machine with an ordinary
arrangement of spindle and mode of driving. A is the frame; first-motion driving
shaft, driving by bevel wheels a vertical shaft k, which drives the contral shaft / by
circular or excentric spur wheels. This central shaft has a large spur wheel 1,
which gears with the pinion of each spindle to be driven. The spindle b is of the
ordinary arrangement, the pirn working in a cup t; the lower end of the spindle is
arranged, as shown better by the enlarged detached sectional views, Fig. 18; it passes
through a square hole in a piece inserted in the boss of the pinion 6+, and passes into
a hollow in a vertical part forming the axis on which the pinion revolves. This
hollow is closed at its lower end to retain the lubricant, as shown. The threads are
distributed by a ring i supported by vertical rods ³, which have each an arm i to
which one end of a chain is attached, the other end passing over a pulley i̇ on a
stud in the framing, and is attached to one arm of a three-armed piece 28, arranged
and actuated as described in reference to Figs 10 and 11.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention and the mode of
carrying the same into effect, and claim as my Invention,―
Firstly. The combination of a spindle with the pirn bobbin loose upon it, and
with a cup and elastic washer when the pin is driven by friction, substantially as
herein-before described, and illustrated by the Drawings.
Secondly. The arrangement of the spindle with a tail pin, set screw, and the
lubrication of the spindle by a chamber or tube closed at one end, as herein-before
described, and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
Thirdly. The combination, arrangement, and construction of pirn winding spindles
and connected inechanism, as herein-before described, and illustrated by Figs. 1, 2,
and 3 of the Drawings.
Fourthly. The combination, arrangement, and construction of pirn winding
spindles and connected mechanism when inverted, and the spindle is pushed
upwards to bring the pirn against the driving surface by a weight or spring, sub-
stantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by Figs. 4 and 5 of the
Drawings.
Fifthly. The combination of two pirn winding spindles, one reverse to the other,
and connected mechanism, so as to be driven by the same pulley, substantially as
herein-before described, and illustrated by Figs. 4, 5, and 6 of the Drawings.
Sixthly. The system or mode of obtaining uniform unwinding from the swift or
bobbin, substantially in the manner herein-before described, and illustrated by Fig. 7
of the Drawings, and by excentric wheels as herein-before described, and illustrated
by Figs. 8 and 9 of the Drawings.
Seventhly. The combination and arrangement of pirn winding mechanism in a
circle, so that the pirns or spindles are all driven from or by the same pulley or
wheel, substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by Figa. 8 to 18
inclusive of the Drawings.

page_text: Eighthly. The arrangement for obtaining a uniform speed of the thread unwinding
from the swift in circular machines, as herein-before described, and illustrated by
Fig. 16 of the Drawings.
Ninthly. The making of the spindles adjustable for winding pirns of different
diameters, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Bernhardt, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight
GEORGE BERNHARDT. (LS.)