AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXPANDING TUBES IN TUBE SHEETS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Rigge Lloyd and Samuel Lloyd, of Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, Tube Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXPANDING TUBES IN TUBE
SHEETS." A communication from abroad by Renel Blackwood, of
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States of America.
Sealed the 21st February 1865, and dated the 5th September 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Rigge Lloyd and
Samuel Lloyd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th September 1864.
We, EDWARD RIGGE LLOYD and SAMUEL LLOYD, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Tube Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXPANDING TUBES IN TUBE
SHEETS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention consists in the employment of bydraulic pressure for the
purpose of forcing into the ends of tubes which are inserted into the tube

page_text: sheets of boilers, ferrules, by which the ends of such tubes are expanded and
made to close round the apertures in the tube sheets. For this purpose a
small or portable hydraulic hand press is employed, having on the projecting
stem of the main piston an oblong or T-head, and upon or around the pro-
jecting stem, an adjustable hollow conical frustum and an adjustable clamp
abutting both against the ferrulo to be driven and the main cylinder head of
the press. The head above named is oval or oblong in its transverse position
on the stem, and a hole of the same form, but somewhat larger, is provided in
the larger end of the conical frustum, so that the head and stem may be
easily passed through the frustum, and then turned a quarter round to bring
the larger diameter of the head across the oval hole in the frustum, and thus
prevent the withdrawal of the stem in a longitudinal direction. The larger
diameter of the frustum is equal to the inner diameter of the tube, while its
smaller diameter is a little less than the inner diameter of the ferrulo before
it has been stretched. The adjustable clamp consists of springy steel arms
projecting from a boss through a hole in which the stem of the press may
slide. The arms are curved in their transverse section at their ends, and are
so formed that whilst they will fit over the smaller end of the frustum in their
normal state, they will also yield sufliciently for the reception of the larger
end of the same, as the frustum is drawn gradually between them in the
operation of expanding the ferrule, which is as follows:-The tube having
been inserted into the hole in the boiler plate or tube sheet, and the stem of
the press having been pushed out to its full extent with the clamp applied
thereto, the ferrule is slipped upon the smaller end of the frustum, and the
latter then slipped over the head of the stem, entering the stem at the
smaller end of the frustum until the head has passed entirely through it, when
the frustum is then turned a quarter round thereon, and the stem is conse-
quently secured against being withdrawn by longitudinal motion. The parts
being thus connected are lifted up, and the frustum and ferrule inserted into
the tube until the thicker end of the ferrule is brought flush with the end of
the tube, when the press is operated by means of a hand lever and one end of
the clamp abutting against the end of the ferrule, whilst its other end abuts
against the main cylinder head; the frustum is drawn entirely through the
ferrule, expanding it together with the end of the tube, as desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Rigge Lloyd and Samuel Lloyd in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 3rd March 1865.
TO ALL, TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME; wc, EDWARD
RIGGE LLOYD and SAMUEL LLOYD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Tube Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Edward Rigge Lloyd and Samuel Lloyd, Her special licence that we, the said
Edward Rigge Lloyd and Samuel Lloyd, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Rigge Lloyd and Samuel Lloyd,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others,. from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed,, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXPANDING TUBES IN
TUBE SHEETS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Edward
Rigge Lloyd and Samuel Lloyd, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Rigge Lloyd and Samuel-
Lloyd, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to, the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say):-
―
This Invention consists in the employment of hydraulic pressure for the
purpose of forcing into the ends of tubes which are inserted into the tube
sheets of boilers, ferrules, by which the ends of such tubes are expanded and
made to close round the apertures in the tube sheets. For this purpose..a
small or portable bydraulic hand press is employed, having on the projecting
stem of the main piston an oblong or T-head, and upon or around the pro-

page_text: jecting stem, an adjustable hollow conical frustum, and an adjustable clamp
abutting both against the ferrule to be driven and the main cylinder head
of the press. The head above named is oval or oblong in its transverse
position on the stem, and a hole of the saine form, but somewhat larger, is
provided in the conical frustum, so that the head and stem may be easily
passed through the frustum, and then turned a quarter round to bring the
larger diameter of the head across the oval hole in the frustum, and thus
prevent the withdrawal of the stem in a longitudinal direction. The larger
diameter of the frustum is equal to the inner diameter of the tube, while its
smaller diameter is a little less than the inner diameter of the ferrule before it
has been stretched. The adjustable clamp consists of springy steel arms pro-
jecting from a boss through a hole in which the stem of the press may slide.
The arms are curved in their transverse section at their ends, and are so
formed that whilst they will fit over the smaller end of the frustum in their
normal state, they will also yield sufficiently for the reception of tho larger
end of the same as the frustum is drawn gradually between them in the
operation of expanding the ferrule, which is as follows:-Tho tube having
been inserted into the hole in the boiler plate or tubo sheet, and the stem of
the press having been pushed out to its full extent with the clamp applied
thereto, the ferrule is slipped upon the smaller end of the frustum, and both
then slipped over the head of the stem, inserting the stem at the smaller end
of the frustum until the head has passed entirely through it, when tho
frustum is then turned a quarter round thereon, and the stem is consequently
secured against being withdrawn by longitudinal motion. The parts being
thus connected are lifted up, and the frustum and ferrule inserted into the
tube until the thicker end of the ferrule is brought flush with the end of the
tube, when the press is operated by means of a hand lever, and one end of
the clamp abutting against the end of the ferrule, whilst its other end abuts
against the main cylinder head, the frustum is drawn entirely through the
ferrule, expanding it together with the end of the tube, as desired.
1
In the Drawings (A) is a portion of a small or portable hydraulic hand
press, having on the projecting stem (a) of the main piston an oblong or
T head (a); (B) is a portion of the tube sheet of a boiler, and (C) one of
the tubes or flues as secured therein; (D), the grooved ferrule; (E), an
adjustable hollow conical frustum; and (F) an adjustable clamp, represonted
ns abutting both against the ferrule (D) and the main cylinder head of the
press (A). The main cylinder of the press (A) may be made about eight or
ten inches long, and three inches diameter, more or less, and the whole press

page_text: constructed so as to be easily operated by the hand lever in the usual manner,
but with a head (a²) on the main stem (a¹), and so also that after the stem
has been pushed out to its full extent it can be retracted by the positive power
of the press. The said head (a³) is oval or oblong in its transverse position
on the stem, and the hole in the conical frustum (E) is of the same form,
though a little larger in its transverse direction, so that the said head and
stem may be easily passed through the frustum, and then turned a quarter
round therein, to bring the larger diameter of the said head across the oval
hole in the frustum, and thus prevent the withdrawal of the stem in a longi-
tudinal direction when the whole apparatus is in operation. The frustrum (E)
is about three inches long, and its larger diameter at least equal to the inner
diameter of the tube or flue (C), whilst its smaller diameter is a littlo less than
the inner diameter of the ferrule (D), before it has been stretched in its
application, as represented in Figure 1.
The clamp (F) consists of a pair of springy steel arms (f',',) projecting
from a boss (f), through a hole in which the latter the stem (a') of the press
may slide, as represented in Figure 1. The arms (f¹, f',) are curved in
their transverse section at their ends, and also made so that whilst they will fit
over the smaller end of the frustum (E) in their normal state, they will also
yield apart sufficiently for the reception of the larger end of the same, as the
said frustum is gradually drawn between them in the operation of expanding
the ferrule (D) as herein-after described. The ferrule (D) has a curved
groove (d) around in its outer side, and its greatest exterior diameter is such
as will just permit it to be easily slipped into the open end of the tube or
flue (C) before the latter is expanded, and the hole through the boiler sheet
(B) for receiving the end of the said tube exceeds the said exterior diameter
of the latter by a little less than twice the thickness of the shell of the ferrule
at its groove (d2), so that after the flue has been secured in the sheet (D), the
inner surfaces of the said ferrule and flue will be oven or of equal diameters, as
seen in Figure 1. In Figure 8 the clamp or dog (F) is of somewhat different
construction to that shewn in Figure 1, and consists of a number of steel
strips or arms pinned or hinged to the boss (f), and opening or contracting
in the manner of claws; these may be kept in position by a collar slipped
over them or by binding with wire, and being jointed to the boss (ƒ³) they
are thus adjustable to various sizes of ferrules.
Operation. The flue (C) having been inserted in its appropriate hole in
the sheet (B), and the stem (a¹) of the press (A) having been pushed out to
its full extent, with the clamp (F) applied thereto, the ferrule (D) is slipped

page_text: upon the smaller end of the frustum (E), and the latter then slipped over the
Lead (a) of the stem (a¹), entering the stem at the smaller end of the frustum
until the said head has passed entirely through it, when the frustum is then turned
a quarter round thereon, and the stem thus consequently secured against being
withdrawn by a longitudinal motion. The parts being thus connected together,
are lifted up, and the frustum and ferrule inserted into the tube (C) until the
thicker end of the ferrule is brought flush with the end of the tube (C), when
the press is operated by means of its appropriate hand lever, and one end of
the clamp (F) abutting against the end of the ferrule (D), whilst its other
end abuts against the main cylinder head until the frustum has been drawn
entirely through the said ferrule, and thus the latter, together with the end of
the tube (C), expanded as desired, and as represented in Figure 1; or by another
process the ferrule may be inserted into the tube by a separate mandril, and a
few strokes of a hammer before applying the hydraulic jack, which can be
attached to the frustum previously inserted in the tube after the ferrule is
tbus driven into its place and the frustum then drawn through the ferrule in
the manner described. The grooved ferrule (D) produces the best fastening
known for the purpose of securing the ends of the flues of tubular boilers, but
the difficulties hitherto attending their expansion in place has prevented their
general use, a screw and nut with an operating lever necessarily five or six
feet long being the only means found sufficient for the purpose, and conse-
quently the said ferrules could not, for want of sufficient room in the fire
chamber, be expanded in any of the tubes or flues which were not opposite to
the fire-door opening, to say nothing of the constant liability of the screw
thread to be stripped in the operation. It will be seen that the modo as
herein described obviates these difficulties entirely, because the small bydraulic
press can be readily introduced, handled, and operated as shewn, entirely
within the fire chamber of a locomotive or other tubular boiler, and tho
pressure required to expand the ferrules supplied by the aid of a small
amount of hand power. The clamp (F) may bo mado in the form of a
hollow cylinder, divided longitudinally into three or four parts, so as to
permit it to expand with the ferrule as the frustum is drawn forward, but it is
believed the form first described is more simple and inexpensive of construc-
tion and quite as effective. We therefore do not intend to confine ourselves
to the construction of the different parts and the precise forms set forth in
the Drawings, as it is obvious that variations may be made in the forms or
arrangements of the different parts without deviating from the principle of
their mode of operation; but that which we claim is, the employment of a

page_text: bydraulic press provided with a head (a³) on its projecting main stem (a')
in combination with the frustumn of a cone (E) and a suitable clamp (F)
arranged to operate together, substantially as herein more fully set forth and
specified.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Rigge Lloyd and Samuel
Lloyd, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this First day of
March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-five.
EDWARD RIGGE LLOYD. (L.S.)
SAMUEL LLOYD.
(L.S.)
EDWARD RIGGE LLOYD. (L.S.)
SAMUEL LLOYD.
(L.S.)