IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION REGULATION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR "
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Stokes Williams of Riverton, New Jersey,
United States of America, now of 8 Southampton Buildings London for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE,
DISTRIBUTION REGULATION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS
OR MEANS THEREFOR
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Stokes Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1882.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton, New Jersey United States of America
now of 8 Southampton Buildings London "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
THE GENERATION STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION REGULATION AND UTILIZATION OF
ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR
"
The object of my invention is to generate, store, distribute, regulate and utilize
electricity for the working of railways and tramways and for other purposes and
the said invention relates to apparatus methods and incans to be employed
therefor or in connection therewith.
It has heretofore been proposed to distribute electricity through the medium
of a system of conductors consisting of mains branches and sub-branches and to
reinforce such system of conductors through the medium of a secondary battery
or reservoir so that when the generator is not producing sufficient electricity the
said battery or reservoir will serve to assist the same. Such a system does not
however provide all that is necessary for a general system of distribution and
furthermore necessitates the employment of heavy conductors proportioned to the
consumption of the electricity throughout the system.
In carrying my invention into practice I establish a generating station or such
a number of generating stations as may be best suited to the installation or as
best suited to supply the electricity. I may employ as the generating source or
sources of electricity either thermo-electric or hydro-electric apparatus or one or
more dynamo or magneto electric machines or other means. From the electric
generator or generators I lead a conductor or a series of conductors which is

page_text: connected with the elements of an accumulator storage battery electric reservoir
or magazine. I employ a series of such accumulators storage batteries reservoirs
or magazines which I so construct and arrange as to permit the current to be
conveyed into them from the electric generator or generators constantly and at a
uniform rate of production and I provide for converting or regulating the tension
or electro-motive force of the current to be utilized irrespective of the tension or
electro motive force of the current discharged from the said generator or generators
by regulating the number of the elements of the said accumulators batteries or
reservoirs coupled in series from which the current is discharged into the
discharging mains or conductors, by means of an adjustable circuit-maker that
causes the electric current from the generator or generators to be alternately
discharged into different cells or series of elements for supplying the conductors in
the system, the said conductors being charged or supplied from one set or series
of elements while another set or series of elements are being charged by the said
generator or generators. In order to provide for such a result either in the prime
electric reservoir or in the subsidiary or auxiliary electric reservoirs or magazines
whether the same are stationary or movable or in any combination of stationary
and movable reservoirs I employ time mechanism or any suitable arrangement of
circuit making and breaking devices, so constructed and arranged, according to the
time required for charging the elements of the reservoirs batteries or accumulators
from the generator or generators, as to maintain at a practical uniformity the
activity of the said reservoirs batteries or accumulators. I sometimes employ for
In a
this purpose a duplex or compound circuit making and breaking apparatus the
terminals or conductors through which the current passes being insulated from each
other and mounted upon a lever arm or shaft which is caused to be moved at
certain times or at a determined rate of speed in proportion to the generating
capacity of the electric generator or generators and the discharge of electricity
from the reservoir battery accumulator or magazine or a series of the same.
system for distributing electricity I so proportion the capacity or power of the
generator or generators relatively to the capacity of the part of the apparatus for
storing or conserving the electric energy as to provide for generating electricity
constantly or for a set or determined number of hours and the part of the apparatus
for conserving the electric energy is of such proportions relatively to the said
generator or generators as to provide for such a result. The tension or electro
motive force of the current can be increased reduced or regulated through the
medium of the accumulators storage batteries or electric reservoirs or magazines
and the electric energy can be transmitted for long distances through conductors
of comparatively light section; these conductors communicate with accumulators
storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazines arranged at a central station or
district or in a house or works or along highways, railways, or other places nearer
the place or places where the electric energy is to be utilized. At each place or
at various places or intervals I employ electric reservoirs magazines or batteries
susceptible of being charged vivified or revivified through the agency of the
electric current, These reservoirs or magazines are of such proportions as to
provide for conserving the electric energy or for holding in reserve a sufficient
supply of electricity to meet any possible withdrawal or discharge of electricity
therefrom. As it is in many cases desirable to reduce the tension of the current
to ensure safety in conducting electricity through houses and as it is more
efficacious to employ the electric energy with comparatively low tension for the
production of light heat and motive power or any of them, I employ subsidiary
accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazines or a special device
or apparatus which is herein termed a converter. These subsidiary reservoirs can be
fitted or provided with a switching device or devices as and for the purpose
hereinafter described. The number of the elements or the extent or area of the
inducing part or parts as herein more fully described will provide for regulating
the tension of the current or for converting a current of high tension into a current
of low tension. I am thereby enabled to provide for transmitting electricity of

page_text: high tension through comparatively light conductors either directly from the
generator or generators or from the prime reservoir or magazine or a series of
them, to a distant place or places where I conserve or provide for a reserve of
electric energy within a subsidiary accumulator storage battery electric reservoir or
magazine or a series of the same. When such electric reservoir or magazine
constitutes a central station from which the electricity is distributed through a
conductor or a series of the same or through mains branches or sub-branches the
discharging conductor or conductors if desired may be formed of such a size as to
provide for the discharge of electricity from the said reservoir, with greater rapidity
than such reservoir can be charged or revivified by the charging conductor or
conductors that is to say I provide one or more discharging conductors from the
reservoir of greater carrying capacity than the charging conductor or conductors.
It will be understood that I am thereby enabled to so proportion the carrying
capacity of the charging conductors in accordance with the discharge or possible
discharge or consumption of electricity as to keep the conductors or mains for
charging the reservoirs arranged at different or distant points or places constantly
employed. Where there is a very large consumption of electric energy the
reservoirs can be employed to provide for the supply either in conjunction with or
independently of the charging conductor or conductors. When the reservoir or
reservoirs become fully charged I am enabled by the employment of an automatic
cut off which is operated through the medium of the electric current to provide
for rendering practically independent in its working, in order to supply electricity
at a given time, any part of the apparatus, and to render the translation of the
electricity practically independent of the generation thereof for a given time, and
also to constantly generate the electricity.
Various methods have been proposed for the transmission of electricity for the
purposes of locomotion or for the production of motive power, light and heat and it
has been proposed to operate vehicles wagons or trains over lines of railways,
tramways and public highways through the medium of electricity. In all arrange-
ments however hitherto made the following are some of the difficulties which arise
nanely, The excessive prime cost of the conductors or channels for the trans-
mission of the electricity; the difficulties of insulation in the working of a railway or
the like; the difficulties of transmitting electricity over long lines of conductors of
light section, and so as to provide for the requisite supply of electricity where
needed; the difficulties of providing a conductor or conductors along the line at
places where switches or crossing lines are employed or found necessary; the
constant wear and friction between the contact or circuit makers upon the vehicle
or vehicles and the conductor or conductors along the line; the difficulties of
distributing the electric energy to the various wheels of a vehicle or the different
vehicles of the train; the difficulty of carrying conductors across roadways and
along the ground; the difficulty of supplying from a generating station or system
electricity for utilization in electric lamps or other electric appliances or apparatus
upon a vehicle or train; and the difficulties attending the general utilization
of electricity upon the wagon vehicle or train and the maintenance of any
approximate uniformity in the supply of electricity especially over any considerable
length of line.
My invention is designed to obviate these difficulties amongst others and to
secure important advantages in the transmission distribution and utilization of
electricity as will be understood from the ensuing description.
In order to generate, distribute store and utilize electricity for the production of
motive power and for other purposes especially upon lines of railway, I, in some
cases, generate electricity upon a locomotive wagon or train, by means of a dynamo
or magneto electric machine or a series of the same and conduct the electricity so
produced into an accumulator storage battery electric reservoir or magazine or a
series of the same placed upon such locomotive wagon or train, and I provide for
withdrawing the electricity from the said accumulator storage battery electric
reservoir or magazine or a series of the same by completing a circuit or circuits so

page_text: that the electricity can be caused to pass through an electric motor or a series of
the same. These said motor or motors is or are insulated from the body of the
carriage or vehicle or in other words from the earth. I am thereby enabled to
minimize the loss of electrical energy caused by leakage when a current is conducted
to the motor or motors in the ordinary manner. The said motor or motors is or
are placed upon or in connection with the axles or wheels of the engine or the axles
or wheels of the carriages or vehicles to be moved. I sometimes employ a series of
conductors leading to the poles or terminals of the different motors. I can by this
means bring any number of the said motors into use as may be desired, either for
propelling the wagon vehicle or train or for reversing or retarding its motion. I
arrange the circuit maker or makers in such a manner as to be under the control
of the engine driver or both the engine driver and the conductor, guard, or guards;
or I can so arrange the said circuit maker or makers as to be controlled at or from
any portion or portions of the train or from certain points, places, or stations along
the line as may be desired. I am thereby enabled to obtain the requisite amount
of power and to apply the electric energy to any desired or necessary number of
the wheels or vehicles either for the propulsion or stoppage of the same.
When I employ one or more electric generators upon the train or vehicle I can
keep the same constantly in operation the electricity generated being conducted
into an accumulator storage battery electric reservoir or magazine or a series of
them except when the latter become fully charged or when the engine driver
guard or attendant desires to utilize the electricity for operating the motors or for
actuating electric brakes or for propelling reversing or impeding the motion of
the train or for other purposes I can employ either gas petroleum or steam for
operating the machinery for driving a dynamo or inagneto electric machine when
I employ such a form of generator.
In some cases I employ a generating station or stations for supplying electricity
for the working of a railway tramway or the like, or to be utilized along the line
or elsewhere and provide reservoirs or magazines for conserving electric energy
which are placed along the line or in the streets, houses, manufactories, stations,
or other places desired so as to constitute a system or apparatus for the general
distribution of electricity for the operation of railways and for any or all purposes
for which electricity can be utilized. I lead the conductors from the generating
station or stations preferably to a prime storage reservoir apparatus or system and
connect the latter with auxiliary or subsidiary accumulators storage batteries or
electric reservoirs or magazines placed along the line and on the vehicles engines or
trains; when such subsidiary reservoirs are placed along the line they are supplied
from one or more generating stations through the medium of one or more suitably
insulated conductors. The return circuit may be completed by earth or by an
insulated return conductor. For instance I can place the conductors suitably
insulated along the line and connect them with the pole or poles or terminals of the
storage apparatus or subsidiary storage reservoir. I place these storage reservoirs
along or in proximity to the lines of railway and either at the sides thereof or
between the rails.
I lead conductors from these storage reservoirs placed at the side of or between
the lines of rails so as to provide for conducting the electric current into the storage
reservoirs or into the electric motors placed upon the engine, wagon, vehicle,
tramcar, or train that is to say the said conductors extend from the accumulators
storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazines between the lines of rail or at the
sides thereof being insulated from the earth in any preferred manner or the current
may be transmitted through the rails themselves provided they are properly insulated
from the earth. preferably employ subsidiary storage reservoirs for charging the
conductor or conductors in sections along the line; the ends of the said conductor
or conductors when placed between the ordinary rails or at the side thereof are
preferably inclined so as to provide for the circuit maker or makers upon the wagon
vehicle or train entering the section or being brought into contact with the said
conductor or conductors without jar in case the said circuit maker or makers should

page_text: be depressed prior to its entering the said section. I prefer to divide the
conductors extending along the line into sections and to charge such sections
through the medium of accumulators storage batteries or electric reservoirs even
where the said sections form almost a continuous line throughout the length of the
line. I am thereby enabled to employ conductors of light section for conducting the
electric energy the electric reservoirs accumulators or magazines along the line
and the electric energy is always in reserve near to the place or places where it is
to be utilized. I in some cases so connect or construct these reservoirs as to
provide for charging them with a low resistance that is to say I sometimes so
construct and arrange the elements of the electric reservoirs as to provide for
charging vivifying or revivifying the same when coupled for quantity or low
tension and discharge from the reservoir or some part of the same when the
elements are coupled for tension. I sometimes lead from these reservoirs a
conductor or conductors for supplying one or more subsidiary batteries reservoirs
or magazines which are placed along the line and furnish electric energy for the
development of light or other purposes and for supplying electric energy for the
operation of movable mechanism arranged along the line. I sometimes place
between the storage reservoir or reservoirs and the conductors extending along the
line a circuit maker which is controlled automatically or by an operator at a
determined place or station upon the line so as to provide for controlling the supply
of electric energy to any desired section either for the purpose of automatically
preventing the wagon vehicle or train passing onto a section or for controlling
the movement of the wagon vehicle or train or to provide for the development of
signals or the operation of the movable mechanism. For these last named purposes
I preferably employ independent cut offs in connection with independent electric
reservoirs or batteries. I can employ a reservoir battery magazine or a series of
them operating as one apparatus from which one or more conductors lead to
different appliances or places on the line and through suitably arranged circuit-
makers placed at some convenient point place or station I provide for the
utilization of the electric energy and the control of the various appliances or the
traffic and I employ accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazines
placed upon the engine wagon or train and provide adjustable circuit-makers or
devices which are under the control of the engine driver guard or attendant who is
thereby enabled through the medium of such devices to feed the electric reservoir
or storage apparatus placed upon the train from the conductor or electric reservoir
or reservoirs placed along the line. By such arrangement it is practicable to
generate electricity at convenient stations or places and to feed or supply the
electric energy for the propulsion of the wagons vehicles or trains or to be used for
other purposes upon the same somewhat as water is now supplied to locomotive
tenders or water-tanks that is to say the accumulators storage batteries electric
reservoirs or magazines upon the wagons vehicles or trains can be charged or
revivified through the medium of the electric reservoirs and conductors placed
upon the line, while the trains are moving or while they are stationary. I construct
or arrange the accumulators electric reservoirs storage batteries or magazines on
the wagons vehicles or trains so that the number of elements coupled in series or.
connected with or adapted to be connected with the charging conductor or
conductors will be less than the number of elements coupled in series in the
reservoir or reservoirs along the line employed for discharging into or vivifying or
revivifying the elements of the reservoir on the train.
The terminals of one or more or some part of the electric reservoirs are adapted
to be brought into connection with one or more conductors from the storage system
arranged along the line through the medium of switching or circuit making
devices. It will be understood that one or more or some part of the electric
reservoirs or magazines placed upon the wagons vehicles or train can be charged or
vivified through the medium of a single conductor with return by earth or the
return may be made through the circuit-maker and a return conductor com-
municating with the storage system battery or generator which supplies, the

page_text: conductor or conductors placed along the line. The electricity from the storage
tanks can be utilized through the medium of electric motors for producing motive
power or can be utilized for lighting or heating the vehicles wagons or train through
the medium of electric lamps or heaters or for stopping or retarding motion or for
any or all of these purposes, and the difficulties attending the general application of
electricity for propulsion or other purposes on railways will be obviated, the
frictional and wearing parts and the difficulties of construction and insulation being
avoided or reduced to a minimum.
I so arrange the storage reservoirs or magazines upon the train as to regulate
or govern the electro-motive force or tension of the current or currents irrespective
of the electro-motive force of the current or currents which charge such tanks.
I am thereby enabled to utilize upon the train the electricity as best suited for
the purposes for which it is to be employed that is to say, I provide apparatus or
means to obtain the desired electro-motive force or tension of the current due to
the number of the elements of the reservoir or magazine coupled in series and
placed upon the train. I sometimes employ independent regulating or connecting
devices or a series of the same for regulating the electromotive force or tension of
the current used upon the wagon vehicle or train either for communicating motion
or controlling the movement of the train or for lighting and heating of the same or
for any or all of such purposes.
I sometimes use in connection with or between a conductor or storage system
placed upon the line and a conductor or conductors or circuit maker or makers
on the wagon vehicle or train a liquid which is placed in a trough groove or recess
and with which the adjustable apparatus or circuit maker or makers can come
into contact when communication is made or being made between the electric
conductor or storage system placed along the line and the storage system or
apparatus placed upon the wagon, vehicle, engine or train. I can employ for this
purpose oil, water or any other suitable liquid or I employ a lubricant which
is supplied from a suitable reservoir on the engine or train when in motion. By
this means I obviate firing and undue friction between the contact surfaces. When
I employ a liquid as the means for establishing communication I prefer to construct
a circuit-making apparatus placed upon the wagon vehicle or train in such a
manner that it will not throw the liquid from the tank when the train is moving
and also to obtain more perfect communication or contact. The metal conductor
placed along the line can be covered by a liquid such as oil water or the like.
The adjustable circuit-maker or makers placed upon the wagon vehicle or train
will complete the circuit through the conductor or conductors on the line and
the film of oil or water or the like between them will obviate friction and
firing.
I sometimes construct an electric motor for working upon railways by arranging
upon the driving wheels of the engine or vehicle armatures mounted upon a
support of insulating material; or I secure such support to the driving wheels and
place upon the said support insulated wires strips or ribbons the same being
covered by one or more metallic plates or pieces securely fastened thereon and I
arrange an electro-magnet or a series of such magnets of horse-shoe or other form
in such a manner that the armatures will revolve in close proximity to the polar
extensions of the same.
I sometimes construct the armatures of plates strips or coils of copper or other
suitable metal secured upon an insulating or non-magnetic support for instance
I may fasten or clamp to the driving wheels plates strips or coils of copper or
other suitable metal which rest upon an insulating support secured to one of the
wheels. Another armature of similar construction is placed upon the opposite
wheel. The electro-magnet or magnets are supported and insulated from the axle
of the driving wheels. The said magnet or magnets may have a horse shoe or other
form the wires or ribbons with which the said magnet or magnets are wound
being preferably in close proximity to and nearly parallel to the face of the armature.
I lead the currents to or from the armatures by means of conductors or collectors

page_text: arranged between the wheels. Or I sometimes arrange the armature or armatures
upon the axle throughout a considerable portion of its length, and of the greatest
diameter practicable and employ in connection therewith an annular electro-magnet
or a magnet having semi-circular or approximately semi-circular polar extensions
faces or ends and conduct the currents to or from the armature through the medium
of collectors or circuit-makers placed at the ends thereof.
I provide for transforming the motors into generating machines when running
down inclines or when it is desired to check the speed of the train that is to say
instead of conducting the electricity into the motor from the storage system I
reverse the position of the circuit-maker and so connect the generator with the
storage system as to supply the same and through the medium of an automatic
cut off placed in the circuit I prevent the return of the electricity from the said
storage system to the generator in case the electro-motive force shall be greater
in the said storage system than in the generating machine but as the currents
are conveyed to a special or prime storage system which is so constructed
and connected with the generator as to be charged with low resistance the
said generator will feed such storage system except when running at a very
slow speed.
In constructing large electric engines I sometimes secure the armatures to one
side of the driving wheels, the said armatures being insulated from each other
and built up in sections or otherwise. The electro-magnets are placed between
these armatures. Or I employ a series of electric motors connected with the
engine wheels. Or the power can be distributed to the different wheels or
throughout the train by the application of motors placed upon the axles or
otherwise combined with them or the wheels. These inotors are preferably con-
nected by conductors leading to the driving department of the train where they
can at pleasure be placed in the circuit with the storage apparatus or system as
above described, and they can be controlled from the Guard's van through the
medium of a circuit maker or a series of circuit makers that will render active
an electro magnet or an electric motor, solenoid, or other device which will
operate upon a circuit maker or a series of them and will thus prevent the supply
of electric energy to the motors or will cause the reversal of the current through
the same.
I sometimes construct the motors in sections so as to readily apply them to the
axles or wheels of the vehicles and when it is necessary I so construct support and
arrange the electro magnets as to provide for the variation in height due to the
springs of the vehicles especially when the said springs have their bearings directly
upon the axles and body or framing of the said vehicles.
In constructing a governing apparatus for the electric engine motor or other
electrical appliance where the amount of electric energy required is not constant
or uniform I provide a series of accumulators or electro-motive force regulators
and combine therewith a series of circuit-makers or conductors which are so
arranged relatively thereto as to regulate the number of the series of elements
employed at a given time according to the energy required in the electric motor.
Or I provide a set or determined electro-motive force in the accumulators storage
batteries electric reservoirs magazines or converters and regulate the current
through the medium of a circuit maker or a series of them which according to
their position regulate or define the utilization of electric energy. It will be
understood that any number of electric motors can be controlled from any given
point on the train by the employment of such regulating devices.
Under my improved method or system of generating and storing electric energy
for the working of railways and for other purposes the power is always in constant
reserve and I utilize the capital expended for generating apparatus to its full
capacity or to such extent as may be desired that is to say, the generating
machinery or apparatus can be kept constantly feeding the storage apparatus or
system along the line, and the electricity so stored can be conducted into the

page_text: storage apparatus or systems upon the wagons vehicles or trains as it may be
needed. This method or system of working railways will obviate the necessity
for building heavy machinery or engines to pass over the lines thereby rendering
it practicable to construct lines more economically than where heavy rolling stock
is employed. Moreover this method or system is well adapted for elevated
railways tramways and light electric railways as well as for ordinary railway
systems.
In applying the machinery to the trains or vehicles I provide for the connection
of the motor or motors with the driving wheels and in order to effect the gradual
application or stoppage of the electric energy I sometimes construct the armature
or armatures of the motor of a series of independent strips pieces wires ribbons or
coils or I employ a series of electro magnets in conjunction with the armature or
armatures. I lead the conductors from these magnets or from the sections of the
armature or both to a convenient position and join them to an apparatus by means
of which they can at pleasure be included in the circuit through the medium of a
circuit maker or a series of them. I preferably employ as a circuit maker a plunger
or movable piece or part of duplex or compound form in combination with a liquid
such as mercury or water. This plunger or other suitable apparatus causes the
displacement of the liquid and thereby regulates the number of the aforesaid
electro-magnets or the number of the sections of the armature or the amount of
electricity admitted to the armature from the storage system. This circuit maker
or governor is placed in a convenient position for manipulation by the engine
driver, guard, or attendant, and being in circuit with the source of electricity
(preferably the storage system) the position of such circuit maker will govern the
amount of electric energy introduced into the machine or engine or in other words
the power of the motor, for instance, where a small amount of electric energy is
required there will be a proportionate expenditure in the machine and on the
contrary where a large amount is requisite or where the full force of the machine
is needed the circuit maker governor or resistance can be placed in such a
position as to render available the full force of the said machine or a series of
them.
I also employ a circuit maker or governor preferably of similar construction to
that above described for reversing the current through the electric engine or
machine either for changing the direction of the motion of the wagon vehicle or
train or for impeding or arresting its motion. It will be understood that when the
motion of the train is being arrested and the current is prevented from entering
the motor by connecting the conductors through the medium of the circuit making
device with the terminals of the accumulator storage battery electric reservoir or
magazine. I provide for storing the electric energy produced by vivifying
revivifying or charging the said accumulator storage battery or reservoir.
I sometimes place the electric motor or a series of the same in connection with
friction-wheels or devices which operate upon the driving wheel, wheels, or axles of
the engine wagon or train. These friction wheels or devices can be so constructed
and arranged as to provide for increasing or decreasing the friction between the
wheels and the axle of the motor.
In order to provide an electric brake for use upon wagons or other vehicles
locomotives and railway trains I sometimes employ an electric motor which is
secured in any convenient position on the wagon or vehicle. This electric motor is
provided with screw threaded or cam faced ends which fit into or over corresponding
pieces or sockets with which the brake blocks are connected or combined. For
instance one such motor may be placed with its axle extending lengthwise of the
vehicle. The screwed or cam faced sockets slide to and fro in grooves or channels
according to the position of the motor and connecting rods extend therefrom to
the brake blocks. Or the motor may be mounted upon the vehicle with its axis
in line with the axle or axles of the said vehicle. Under this last construction I
prefer to fit upon the axle, a bearing plate or a series of such plates and force
against the same the brake-blocks connected with the aforesaid sockets. I can

page_text: employ in connection with the motor a counterweight or spring which will cause
the withdrawal of the brake blocks when the current is interrupted.
I also provide on railway vehicles or trains means for the automatic application
of the brake upon a vehicle when the same becomes disengaged from the other
portion of the train. I can employ a relay or a storage battery or system or a
derived circuit from the system of distribution on the train for furnishing the
energy for the application of the brakes through the medium of electro-magnets or
other appliances connected or combined with the brake-blocks.
I place conductors or storage systems along the line for feeding or supplying the
apparatus placed upon the wagon vehicle or train and mount or place them in or
on suitable insulating supports or otherwise provide suitable insulation for them.
I can employ as conductors extending for long or short distances along the line either
an independent rail or rails placed between the ordinary rails of the line, or can
provide a conductor supported at the side of the line. I sometimes form the ends
of the conductors communicating with the storage system with inclined ends as
above stated. I employ at suitable stations flexible or adjustable connections
leading from storage systems accumulators batteries or generators arranged along
the line for communication with the terminal or terminals of the storage apparatus
placed in or upon the train.
In providing for the distribution and utilization of electricity throughout the
train for lighting heating and other purposes I employ storage systems or
apparatus placed upon one or more of the vehicles (preferably one or more on each
vehicle) these subsidiary storage systems being, charged through the medium of a
conductor or conductors communicating with storage systems placed along the line
or charged from a battery or accumulator arranged upon the wagon vehicle or
train and charged or revivified through the medium of the conductors or the
conductors and batteries or magazines arranged along the line. The conductors
lead to the different vehicles or compartments of the vehicles wagons or trains,
automatic or other coupling devices being provided between the different vehicles.
In these different vehicles or compartments I employ suitable electric lamps or
heaters or both and arrange circuit makers or switching apparatus by which the
lamps or heaters or both can be turned on or off as may be desired the said circuit
makers or switching apparatus being placed either in the different compartments
or in the guard's van or in other suitable parts of the train.
In or in connection with a system or apparatus for generating or for generating
storing and distributing electricity for the production of light heat and motive
power along lines of railway or at other places such as highways houses works or
stations where electrical translating devices are placed or can be supplied through
the medium of mains branches and subbranches. I sometimes combine methods
devices and means for operating controlling and securing the proper relativo
working of the movable mechanism such as is generally used on railways or which
is described in the Specifications of prior Letters Patent granted to me or on my
behalf or of any combination of them with the apparatus in general use that is to
say I provide apparatus or means for signalling upon railways through the medium
of electricity and also apparatus methods and means for operating controlling and
securing the various combinations of switches crossings crossing lines or sidings in
their proper relationship to the principal or main line or lines, or the signalling or
other apparatus connected to or combined therewith so as to fully secure the proper
relative position of the parts of the movable mechanism that is to say I generate
electricity either through the medium of dynamo or magneto electric machines.
thermo electric generators or otherwise and conduct the electricity along mains
branches or subbranches to electric reservoirs or batteries Busceptible of being
charged or revivified and placed in convenient positions relatively to the houses
works stations or places sections of railways tramways or highways or to the
electrical appliances through which the electricity can be translated into light heat
or motive power or in convenient positions to supply electrical reservoirs placed upon
the wagons vehicles or train. Such apparatus or system provides for holding in

page_text: constant reserve a supply of electricity which may be withdrawn or discharged
from the electric reservoirs magazines or batteries either in quantity or with high
tension. The said apparatus or system consists partly of the translating and storing
devices placed upon the wagons vehicles or trains and the conductors circuit makers
and other devices connected to or combined therewith so constructed and arranged
that when desired they may be made to form part of or he combined or put in
circuit with a general system or apparatus for the generation storage distribution
and regulation of electricity with or without measuring and recording devices.
In order to construct and arrange apparatus for the working of the aforesaid
movable parts or mechanism I preferably employ an electric generating apparatus
or system as above stated and conduct the currents therefrom into a storage battery
apparatus or system or a series of them or converters charged thereby and I lead
conductors from the poles of the said storage system or from the converter or a series
of them along the railway and place in conjunction with the movable mechanism
to be operated suitable electric appliances such as electric motors, electro magnets
and arimatures or solenoids. The conductors placed along the line are provided
with branches subbranches or extensions which connect these appliances with the
storage and generating apparatus or with the storage apparatus alone.
For the operation of a switch crossover road or any combination of apparatus
to be moved therewith in the working of railways I preferably employ an electric-
motor electric-magnet or solenoid which is so constructed and arranged as to cause
the adjustment of such movable mechanism dependent upon the admission of the
current into such motor or device. For instance I place adjacent to the line of
railway a motor whose shaft or axle may extend transversely or parallel or nearly
so to the line of rails. I provide upon this axle a screw-thread or cam-faced piece
or part which fits into or over a corresponding nut or socket placed upon or con-
nected with the rod leading to or connected with the switch or shifting or movable
part. When the circuit is completed the electric current causes the movement of
the motor or other device and the screw is driven further into or is partly with-
drawn from the socket or piece upon the connecting rod. The corresponding fittings
upon the electric motor or other device and the connecting rod can be so formed
as to require several revolutions of the electric motor to complete the adjustment
of the movable switch or part or the said fittings may be so formed and arranged
as to cause the adjustment of the movable part by a slight movement of the motor.
Moreover these fittings can be so arranged relatively to each other as to provide
for the locking of the switch firmly in position. For this purpose I provide a
slowly operating screw or cam-face or a straight or nearly straight slot into which
a pin or projection fits or in which such pin or projection works. By extending
the shaft or axle of the motor under the rail or rails or in close proximity to the
latter I can connect with such motor a locking bar which upon the movement of
the said motor is raised and lowered and will prevent the movement of the motor
while a train is passing; or I can lead the current to such motor through a conductor
in which the current will be interrupted by the passage of the train over any given
portion of the line as may be desired. I can provide for such interruption by
leading the conductors through movable circuit makers which will be displaced
while the train is standing or moving on certain portions of the line.
I can employ a liquid circuit maker or a series of the same which will be displaced
or will be caused to change position through the medium of a lever or spring placed
under the rail or through the medium of pressure upon an elastic or collapsible
vessel with which I combine the said circuit maker or makers. For operating a
cross over road I can employ a single motor electro magnet, or any combination or
series of them for adjusting the movable parts of the said cross over road. When I
employ one motor or device I preferably place it midway between the most distant
parts of the cross over road and in the line of the connecting rods and arrange the
electric reservoir in close proximity thereto.
It will be understood that through the medium of these appliances when the
electric current is sent.through the motor the switch or cross over road will be

page_text: adjusted and held in a position dependent upon the direction of the current sent
that is to say when the current is sent in one direction the switch or cross over
road or apparatus connected therewith will be adjusted so as not to interrupt the
main line and when the current is sent in the other direction the the apparatus will
be adjusted so that the crossing line will be completed and bolted, locked or other-
wise held in position. I can employ testing and bolting apparatus which will be
adjusted through the medium of electric motors, electro magnets or solenoids in
a similar manner that is to say I provide a duplex or other form of bolting
apparatus which is connected to or combined with an electric motor or the arinature
of an electro magnet or the core of a solenoid, or such motor, armature or device
may have a testing and bolting face or part to correspond with or fit into
or over a socket, aperture, recess or projection with or forming part of the
motor or part first moved; I prefer to employ in connection with the electric
motor or the apparatus to be moved in connection therewith or repeating or
recording apparatus which will indicate through the medium of electricity to the
signalman or operator the exact position of the parts first moved either visually or
audibly, or both, and such repeating apparatus may constitute a testing and
bolting apparatus and may be made to react upon other apparatus which would
conflict if moved improperly with respect to the first moving mechanism. For this
purpose I employ an electro-magnet and armature or solenoid which is rendered
operative through the medium of an electric current; this armature or device
engages with or fits into or over a socket, aperture, recess, or projection in
connection with some part of the apparatus to be bolted or tested. The testing
apparatus is preferably arranged to engage or interlock with and hold the circuit
maker or a series of the same, or some extension thereof, or some sliding or
adjustable piece or bar or extension thereof which engages with the circuit maker
or makers. When I use an electric motor I so arrange the same that when the
switch is fully adjusted the said electric motor will be automatically cut out of the
circuit I provide for this result by an excess of movement of an extension or
projection from, connected with or operated by the said motor in the locking faces
of the screw cam face or slot.
I also employ electric motors electro magnets and armatures or solenoids to
actuate a signal semaphore or disc. The motor or other device may be placed in
any desired position and may be combined with the signal through the medium of
a crank, pulley, or otherwise. The motor can be mounted upon the signal post and
the connecting rod extending to the signal may be combined with the shaft of the
motor through the medium of a screw and socket or an excentric or otherwise.
I sometimes provide a counter-weight attached either directly to a pulley or
otherwise arranged so that the signal shall go to danger in case of the breakage of
the circuit. When I wish to control the signal from more than one point I employ
apparatus that can be operated through the medium of electricity. For instance
when I use an electro magnet and an armature which is provided with an engaging
face that fits into or against a projection or recess on some part of the apparatus
connected or combined with the signal. I preferably construct and arrange this
locking arinature with a bolting face inclined at an angle of about 45 degrees; this
face fits against a corresponding part which it is designed to lock. Or instead of
providing the said armature with an inclined face I may form the same with a
curved or semi-circular projection or recess adapted to fit a corresponding recess or
projection on the part it is designed to lock. When the current is passed through
the electro magnet and the engaging faces are opposite each other they will be in
close contact and the slight power exerted by the magnet will render it impossible
to adjust the signal, even though the force of the motor or other electric translating
device should be applied; but when the circuit-is broken so as to release the
armature it may be readily forced from its position and the signal will be free to
be moved. In order however to better protect the working of the apparatus
I provide means for interrupting the circuit to the motor when the current is to be
passed through the electro-magnet so as to render active the locking armature.

page_text: Furthermore I provide means whereby the completion of the circuit to the
armature will cause the locking or prevent the movement of the circuit maker
which is employed to complete the circuit to the motor. Or I can employ an
independent circuit-maker and I may use for this purpose apparatus or devices
which may also be used as a medium for locking or unlocking other circuit makers
mechanically. Instead of using an electro magnet and armature or a solenoid for
locking the signal I may employ an electric motor for this purpose some part or
connection thereof being so constructed and arranged relatively to the other parts
of the apparatus as to accomplish or permit the aforesaid results. Or I may use an
apparatus which is rendered operative through liquids, gases, or metals which are
heated by or through the medium of the electric current that is to say I expand
a wire rod or other medium placed within a collapsible or expansible chamber
which is so arranged and combined with the apparatus to be moved that the
expansion imparts movement through a lever or other medium to actuate the
said apparatus when the passage of the electric current develops heat in the
conductor which is so arranged in the chamber or space as to act in the manner
herein described. These same devices can be employed for the movement of
signal and other apparatus employed on railways and they can be rendered
operative from the signal cabin or from central stations or places with which
they are connected by suitably insulated conductors with returns by earth or
otherwise. These or any of the above described electrical apparatus and the
signalling or other devices with which they are connected or combined can be
automatically operated or controlled through the medium of waggons, vehicles, or
trains by the aid of suitably arranged circuit makers which will interrupt or
complete the circuit as described. In some instances I provide apparatus for auto-
matically signalling the line blocked, or clear, and combine such automatic
apparatus with other apparatus at stations to prevent the signalman frota giving
conflicting signals or moving devices to conflict with the automatic signals. I also
provide for the automatic adjustment of switches and crossings through the
medium of electric motors or other apparatus herein described. To accomplish this
result I employ one or more circuit makers arranged in such position relatively to
the rails as to be operated upon by the passing locomotives, vehicles, or trains.
The said circuit maker or makers is or are arranged at a suitable distance in
advance of the apparatus to be moved and when the train passes over such circuit
maker or makers the current is caused to pass into the apparatus (say the motor
electro magnet or solenoid) and reserve its movement or rather its position and
consequently the position of the apparatus combined therewith notwithstanding
that the circuit maker which which was moved by the signalman may be locked or
interlocked with other circuit makers, or with other apparatus. I preferably
combine with such automatic operating devices signalling devices which will
indicate in a signal cabin or at some central point or station or elsewhere such
automatic adjustment.
I sometimes employ along the line signals which are operated through the
medium of electricity and devices to which movement is imparted by the automatic
expansion of a wire rod or other medium placed within a collapsible or expansible
vessel or chamber so arranged and combined relatively to the apparatus to be
moved that the expansion imparts movement through a lever or other means
connected or combined with the signal; Or I employ electric lights developed by
or through the medium of electricity to indicate the position of one or more trains
or the position of the movable mechanism along the line or at the stations.
arrange these siguals or lights suitable positions and preferably control them
partly or entirely from the station or cabin. Or I so arrange them as to be
operated automatically by the passing trains; that is to say I provide circuit-
makers in the cabin under the control of the signalman which circuit makers may
be so combined with the automatically working circuit-makers or signals as to
check or control the automatic working or maintenance of the signals.
I
In constructing and arranging apparatus for the working of movable mechanism

page_text: upon railways I provide means whereby such apparatus will prevent the giving of
conflicting signals or signals contrary to the actual position of other movable
mechanism with which they are employed. In order to accomplish this result more
economically and efficiently than heretofore I employ suitable apparatus operated
by electricity and I establish central stations at convenient places or positions
along the line and fix or install at such places or stations a system of circuit-
makers and breakers. I thus cause or effect the adjustment through the medium
of electricity of the movable mechanism placed along the line as efficiently as the
same is now accomplished through the agency of the ordinary system of inter-
locking levers, that is to say I arrange a series of contact makers in the form of
push buttons, plugs, levers, rotating shafts, cranks or the like in close proximity to
each other, and combine the system of circuit makers through the medium of
sliding bars rocking shafts or the like. These movable pieces bars or plates are
provided with projections and recesses which fit into or over or engage with
corresponding projections recesses or detents formed upon.or secured to some of the
aforesaid circuit makers or breakers or extensions thereof or parts moved thereby
or combined therewith; for instance in applying this part of my invention to an
ordinary station where eight levers are required under the ordinary system there
would be six levers for the operation of signals and two for cross over roads.
Instead of this system of levers I provide circuit makers arranged in a box or
frame and combined or interlocked with each other through the medium of the
aforesaid sliding bars or rocking shafts or both so fitted and combined that the
possibility of movement of these circuit makers relatively to each other will be
similar to that of the ordinary system that is to say they cannot occupy conflicting
positions relatively to each other. therefore they cannot be caused to complete the
circuit to permit a current of electricity to be sent to the signals or other apparatus
placed upon the line so as to cause them to conflict with the position of the circuit
imakers or with each other. In some cases I employ conductors from the main
placed along the lines of railway and through the medium of the said conductors
combine the apparatus along the lines with the aforesaid circuit makers. It
will be understood that although I have above specified the application of my
invention to an ordinary station the most extensive system of siguals and number
of lines which might conflict with each other can be operated and controlled through
the medium of the above described apparatus and means. Different stations or
sections of railway can be so combined as to prevent the sending of trains over the
lines in too close proximity to each other and any number of signals can be
operated over the longest lines or sections of railway or complicated systems.
Starting signals at different stations or both starting and home signals can be
operated from the station or block station in advance of the train. For instance
suppose a train is at station A the signalman at station B can give the signal at
station A for the engine driver and in doing so must have his line clear between
such stations A and B; that is to say there cannot be a train on such section and
when desired a circuit to the signals can be made or broken, or the circuit can be
so controlled automatically as to prevent the giving of signals or the movement of
other mechanism along the line which might interfere with the safe working of
the traffic, maliciously or inadvertently through some act of the signalman. By
such arrangement a perfect and absolute block system can be obtained. It will be
understood that fog or other signals can be placed at intervals along the line and
at any distance from the signal cabin and can be readily operated and controlled by
the means herein described.
In some cases I use an electric motor for the compression or forcing of air to
give audible signals along the line This apparatus for producing sound may be
similar to a fog horn. The air may be forced into a chamber which is provided
with a check valve and the outlet valve can be controlled by an electro magnet,
armature, and circuit-maker or a movable lever which will be acted up by the
passing train. Or I may combine with the motor a fan or blower which will force
the air through the horn or tube in which a reed is placed. This form of signal is

page_text: especially applicable as a fog-signal and the circuit maker for operating it may be
combined with the other circuit makers in the signal-box. Moreover exploding
signals can be placed upon the line and controlled through the medium of the
means and devices herein described.
In some cases I generate electricity for the special purpose of working the
appliances placed along the line and for lighting the stations or for distribution to
houses, works, roadways or other places I use for this purpose the apparatus
herein before referred to in all cases I preferably employ a storage battery apparatus
or system into which the electricity is conducted from the generator. When
dynamo or magneto electric machines are used I employ storage batteries accumu-
lators or electric reservoirs placed in convenient positions for supplying the
apparatus along the line or any electrical appliances supplied from or included in
the system of distribution. A conductor or series of conductors is led from such
storage system along the line of railway and I employ branches and sub-branches
upon which I place accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazines
susceptible of being charged or revivified and from these reservoirs or magazines.
I supply the electricity through conductors leading to the electric motors the
electro magnets and armatures or solenoids the electric lamps or lighting apparatus
(or any of the same) which may be used along the line for signalling or other
purposes and through a system of conductors and subsidiary storage system or
electric reservoirs. I provide for distributing the electric energy to houses places
or works either in connection with or independent of the railway.
I sometimes employ in connection with each motor, electro magnet and arma-
ture solenoid, electric lamp or other apparatus or a series or group of them, a storage
apparatus, battery or system supplied from one or more generators at some
station or place. In other words I conduct the electricity from one or more storage
batteries or reservoirs along the lines through one or more conductors mains
branches and sub-branches with or without subsidiary stores or magazines of elec-
tricity. I prefer to so place and connect the storage apparatus or system with the
devices through which the electricity is to be translated as to make independent
return circuits or operate the moveable mechanism or signals by completing the
circuit through a shunt branch or sub-branch conductor. I sometimes place upon
this branch or sub-branch a storage apparatus battery or accumulator and charge
or revivify the same from the generating battery or station through the medium of
a suitable conductor or conductors and lead from the storage battery accumulator
or tension regulating or converting deviced in connection therewith a suitable
conductor or conductors to the electric lamp motor, solenoid electro-magnet and
armature or other devices in which electricity can be translated either into light
heat or motive power or any of them as may be suited or applied to the developpe-
ment or working of signals or for the movement of other moveable mechanism
placed along the line, this moveable mechanism as will be understood being con-
nected or combined with such appliances as are suitable for the translation of the
electric energy. I provide for interrupting or completing the circuit or governing
the supply of electric energy from the storage system to the electric translating
devices by employing a circuit-maker or makers or devices in the conductor or con-
ductors intending to the translating devices. For this last named purpose I employ
a thermortat, electro-magnet and armature, solenoid electric motor, or other suitable
device which has combined with it an adjustable resistance or circuit making
device or devices. I had a conductor from such circuit making devices to a
central place or station say a signalmans box where I place a series of circuit
makers which when moved into certain positions complete the circuit thereby
causing a current of electricity to be sent through the conductor or conductors to
the electric translating device or devices combined with the circuit-maker or resis.
tance I sometimes employ one or more independent conductors leading from the
storage cistern or magazine and so construct or arrange my circuit making devices
as to provide for reversing the current through the translating devices through the
medium of independent conductors. I am thereby enabled (for instance to control

page_text: the operation of an electric motor so as to provide for the adjustment of the
apparatus in connection therewith into two distinct positions. I provide cut off
devices or mechanism which when the movement of any moveable part or parts is
completed with interrupt the flow of electricity to the machine or apparatus for
operating the said part or parts. I provide for the use of a solenoid, electro-
magnet or other electric translating device and regulate the position of the
apparatus and reverse the movement of any part by constructing the solenoid
electro-magnet or other apparatus of duplex form and I provide for breaking the
circuit upon a certain or determined movement of the apparatus or I may employ
two electric translating devices for such purposes and to electrical circuits or con-
ductors I employ a similar system of distribution for supplying electricity to
conductors placed along the line for conducting the electricity to the motors placed
upon the vehicles or trains and by suitably arranged circuit makers placed between
the storage system and the continuation of the conductor or conductors leading
along the line I am enabled to provide for cutting out or including any section of a
conductor or conductors along the line as may be desired either automatically or at
the will of the Operator or both. I preferably lead from such circuit making device
a conductor to a circuit maker placed at a Central Station or in a signal box or
cabin and combine such circuit makers with other circuit making devices arranged
at such central place or station so as to secure the proper relative working of the
entire apparatus or system When I employ generating machines I lead the clec-
tricity into an electric reservoir accumulator or battery or a series of the same and
I charge or revivify such battery or other apparatus by dividing the charging
conductor or providing it with branches which lead to the different cells plates or
compartments of the battery or other apparatus so as to charge with a low resis-
tance. The cells or elements of the battery when coupled in series in the dis-
charging circuit regulate the electro motive force of the current which is discharged
through special terminals connected with the mains or I employ large reservoirs
which I charge, and regulate the electro motive force by small apparatus coupled
in series. I provide for conducting and distributing the Electricity from such
reservoirs magazines or batteries through the medium of subsidiary reservoirs
magazines or batteries placed along the mains branches or sub-branches as above
stated and in some cases I charge or revivify such subsidiary apparatus with low
resistance as hereinbefore stated
It will be understood that through an adequate and well distributed system of
storage batteries or accumulators 1 am enabled to provide for the use of electricity
at all times and at all places either in quantity or with high tension and the
conductors for the transmission of electricity need not be proportioned to the
consumption at any given hour or moment. The storage batteries or magazines or
accumulators are proportioned to the use or special purpose or installation for
which they are to be employed and the conductors need simply perform the function
of keeping them supplied even though they may be constantly employed in doing
so I sometimes so construct or arrange the reservoirs magazines or batteries at the
generating station or place as to be charged with a current of low tension and
provide for generating the electricity with the same view or end and regulate or
control its use as suited to any purpose. For instance I may charge, or revivify a
battery or accumulator on an engine from an accumulator magazine or battery
placed along the line so as to provide for withdrawing the electricity from the
reservoir along the line and charging in quantity the reservoir or magazine placed
upon the train.
This method of working forms an important feature in my
apparatus or system as central stations or batteries can he employed at any point
or place and be worked or supplied as set forth and any number of electric
reservoirs or magazines throughout the system may be charged or with a current
of high tension and discharged in quantity or with high tension
At the same
time any reservoir may be revivified or charged through the medium of a light
conductor extending to the generator or electric reservoir at some distant part or
place whilst the same reservoir may be supplying a system of conductors extending

page_text: for miles in connection with which conductors any suitable number of apparatus or
electric reservoirs is employed for utilizing and translating electricity into light
heat or motive power or any of them either for use upon the railway or for any
industrial public or private use. These reservoirs or parts of the saine or parts
arranged in connection therewith may be supplying a reservoir in a private house
where only one electric lamp is giving light or may be supplying or sustaining an
electric reservoir or magazine in a rolling mill where metals are being heated
through the agency of the electric current as they pass through the rolling or
shaping devices in fact the apparatus system methods and means for distributing
and utilizing electricity for the operation of railways the lighting of houses the
movement of machinery in houses works or places and all other purposes or any
combination of them can be practically combined without any conflict in the
working of any part of the system. The same independence which is possible with
the electric engine and electric reservoir or magazine placed in connection there with
is practicable for a given time in any part of the system. Such a system renders
possible the railway companies becoming the great distributors for the supply of
electricity not only for uses on their lines but for private and public use along the
same.
Accumulators arranged in combination with the devices for translating the
electricity into light heat and motive power such as electric lamps heaters electric
motors or other apparatus
To prevent any overcharging of the conductors I in some cases connect a series
of the reservoirs or accumulators with a main storage apparatus or with a series of
such apparatus so that they may discharge their contents into the same The said
apparatus may be placed in a convenient position or positions nearer to the place
or places where the electricity is to be utilized than the reservoirs I preferably so
proportion these reservoirs and the capacity of the generating apparatus as to
provide for the storage or utilization of the whole of the electricity that can be
produced by the Generator or generators By arranging a series of turbines or
water wheels and electric generators along a water main or channel I am enabled to
utilize a great number of times the power of the same quantity of water as it flows
downward and at each successive apparatus or installation I abstract without cost
other than the wear of the machinery the energy in the form of electricity dependent
upon the number of apparatus employed and the head or force of the flow or fall of
the water From the electric reservoirs or accumulators I convey the electricity
through a suitable conductor or conductors to a conductor or conductors arranged
along the lines of railway or to batteries reservoirs or accumulators preferably
arranged in close proximity to the said Conductor or conductors as hereinafter
described From the said conductor or conductors the electricity is taken up into
electric reservoirs placed upon the carriages wagons engines or trains through the
medium of conductors or circuit makers thereon
In some cases I utilize the water passing through sewers for the generation of
electricity through the medium of a water wheel or turbine or a series of the same
and an electric generator or a series of the same and conduct the electricity into
storage systems or reservoirs and translate the electricity into light heat and
motive power or any of them through the medium of suitable apparatus as herein
provided for
In some cases I arrange in a pipe or channel or in a series of the same through
which water flows from a high to a low level or turbine or water wheel or a series
of the same which drives a machine or machines for generating electricity and I
conduct the electricity so generated into an electric reservoir or storage system
which through the medium of suitably insulated conductors with or without the
medium of subsidiary electric reservoirs accumulators or batteries, is placed in
communication with machinery for driving pumps or other apparatus by electricity
For instance water may be pumped through the agency of an electric motor or
series of the same from mines or low lands or places either for drainage or for
supplying water to works cities or places and as such water flows to such places

page_text: the energy is stored and utilized as set forth It will be understood that the
electric energy thus obtained can be utilized in any desired place or position
When I arrange a series of generating machines along a water channel or main
and if I desire to utilize the electricity at points or places at a distance from the
source of water or elevated water supply provide electrical conductors or mains.
which are decreased in section as they approach the same that is to say at each
generating apparatus placed along the main I increase the size of the conductors
when the electricity is conducted into a main conductor common to all or to a
series of generators or storage systems
The Conductors extend from the aforesaid storage systems or reservoirs to
the various moveable apparatus placed along the line such as signals switches
and crossings These various appliances are operated through the medium.
of electric motors electro-magnets or any combination of the same so as
to provide for the movement and control of the said movable apparatus by
electricity
I prefer to employ in connection with these apparatus electric reservoirs for
conserving the electricity and for regulating the electro-motive force of the current
admitted to the apparatus
I will now proceed to describe the application to a double line of railway of
devices methods and means for generating distributing and utilizing electricity for
the propulsion of the vehicle vehicles or trains and for controlling the traffic over
the line or lines as well as for other purposes in connection therewith or for which
such system can be rendered available
At the generating station I arrange suitable machinery devices or means for
generating supplying and distributing electricity-A convenient number of
such Stations may be arranged at suitable places or distances apart along the
line
When I employ dynamo or magnets electric machines at such station or stations
I in some cases so construct such machines as to generate electricity in quantity,
or with slight interval resistance within the machine and conduct the electricity
generated into one or more accumulations storage batteries electric reservoirs or
magazines or I can employ a series of sets of the same that is to say I so construct
the reservoirs or connect them with the conductors communicating with the
electric generator or generators as to provide for charging or revivifying the accu-.
mulators storage batteries reservoirs or magazines as herein provided for. In
other words the said accumulators storage batteries reservoirs or magazines are so
constructed and arranged as to enable one set or more of them to be charged by
the current produced by the generator or generators and are adapted to be
connected in tension series or otherwise with the discharging conductor or
conductors the number of elements coupled in series and connected with or included,
in the discharging circuit regulate and define the electro motive force of the current
transmitted through the discharging circuit or conductor or conductors irrespective
of the electro motive force of the current from the generator or generators I lead
the conductor or conductors from the said accumulator storage battery reservoir. or
magazine or some part of a series of the same or from a converter or a series of the
same (as described in the Specifications of my former Letters Patent N. 8,700 and
766 A.D. 1882) along the line of railway the said conductor or conductors being of
such proportions as to ensure the proper distribution of the electric energy
preferably through the medium of subsiduary accumulators storage batteries
magazines or reservoirs which are of such proportions as to provide for the con-
servation of the electric energy necessary to supply the translating devices in
connection therewith or other translating devices or electric reservoirs supplied
at intervals therefrom and are placed at suitable intervals stations or places along
the line or at stations or places communicating therewith as herein provided for or
described.
'

page_text: One or more conductors convey the electric energy to one or more of the said
accumulators storage batteries magazines or reservoirs so as to charge vivify or
revivify the same and maintain a sufficient supply or reserve of electric energy for
the special purpose or use to which it is to be applied. That is to say the said
accumulators storage batteries magazines or reservoirs are of such proportions as to
provide for holding in reserve the electric energy at or near the place or places
where it is to be withdrawn or utilized and they consist of such a number of
elements so connected combined or arranged as to provide when placed or included
in the discharging circuit or when discharging for so regulating the tension of the
current discharged therefrom as to best suit the purpose for which such current is
to be utilized or the discharge from such reservoirs magazines or batteries may be
regulated or controlled at the will of the operator or automatically from one or
more points or stations the conductor or conductors for discharging the said
reservoirs magazines or batteries provide for discharging with such increased
rapidity and with high or low tension dependent upon the carrying capacity of
the said discharging conductor or conductors
Such method of distribution provides for the constant transmission of electric
energy through the conductor or conductors and as the electric energy is only
withdrawn from the accumulators storage batteries magazines or reservoirs at
intervals the latter provide for conserving or holding in reserve the electric energy
so as to provide for supplying electric energy in certain proportions and at such
place or places as it may be required independently of or in conjunction with the
electric energy which at any given time may be passing to or be transmitted
It will be understood that the
through the discharging conductor or conductors
minimum section of such conductor or conductors must be proportioned according
to the capacity of the reservoirs and the time allowed for charging recharging
vivifying or revivifying them or so as to restore to the said reservoirs the amount
It will be
of electric energy which at any time may be withdrawn therefrom
understood that I am thereby enabled to charge vivify or revivify any number of
electric reservoirs at different places and at short or long distances apart and to
transmit the electric energy over long lines of conductors of comparatively light
section and thereby to lessen the prime cost of the conductor or conductors for the
transmission of such electric energy
I obviate lessen or minimize the difficulties of transmitting an electric current
or supply of electric energy to be utilized or translated by the electrical appliances
on or in connection with the vehicles waggons or trains for operation upon railway
or tramway lines by employing a well insulated conductor or conductors supported
upon poles or placed beneath the surface of the ground or otherwise suitably
arranged. These conductors extend from the generating source of electricity or
from the accumulator storage battery electric reservoir or magazine or some part
or series of them or from the converter or a series of them charged thereby to
the accumulator storage batteries or electric reservoirs arranged at suitable places
or intervals along the line or so as to be in comparatively close proximity to the
line or lines or place or places where the electric energy is to be withdrawn or
utilized. From the elements or some part of the elements of these accumulators
or storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazine I lead the conductors one or
both of which are arranged in such proximity to the lines of railway as to provide
for the transmission of electric energy to one or more or some part of one or more
electric reservoirs or devices for covering for accumulating electric energy upon a
wagon vehicle or train when such reservoir or reservoirs or a part of the same is
placed in electrical communication with the reserve of electric energy along the
line or at some fixed point or station-I sometimes supply one or more circuit
makers which are so arranged that they can be placed in contact with the said
Conductor or Conductors extending from or communicating with the elements of
the accumulator storage battery electric reservoir or magazine or of the battery o
the convertor or with one or more of the reservoirs and one or more electri

page_text: Generators that is to say the clements one or more accumulators storage batteries
electric reservoirs or magazines placed upon the wagon vehicle or train and the electric
motor or motors or other translating devices thereon or the reservoirs themselves
only can be placed in communication with the elements which conserve or hold the
electric energy in reserve along or adjacent to the line through the medium of
one or more conductors and circuit making or completing devices or means.
By arranging the aforesaid accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or
magazines at suitable distances apart along the line and extending from the elements
thereof the conductor or conductors I provide for the use of comparatively short
sections of such conductors for supplying the electric energy to the motor or motors
on the vehicle or vehicles or for charging vivifying or revivifying the reservoirs or
magazines placed thereon
I in some cases so construct the accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs
or magazines as to provide for charging or revivifying the same with a low
resistance and I provide for utilizing the electricity from such reservoirs either
with high or low tension that is to say the tension of the current transmitted or
discharged from the said reservoirs or magazine irrespective of the tension of the
current from the generating and primi storage source or either of them-In order
to provide for the charging of the accumulators electric reservoirs or magazines
upon the wagon vehicle or train I construct and arrange the elements thereof in
such relation to the elements of the reservoir or reservoirs by which the electric
energy is conserved or held in reserve along the line that the tension of the current
transmitted from the elements of the reservoirs will overcome the resistance of the
elements of the electric reservoir or reservoirs placed upon the train that is to say
the number of elements or pairs of the reservoir or reservoirs coupled in series and
connected with the discharging circuit or the conductor or conductors exceeds the
number of elements coupled in series upon the train placed in electrical connection
with the charging elements suitably arranged along the line or in other words I
provide for the tension of the current transmitted from the conserving or storing
devices being in all cases sufficient to overcome the resistance of the elements on
the wagon vehicle or train to be charged
When I employ conductors extending a considerable distance along the line I
so connect them with the accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or
magazines or any combination of them as to provide for such a decrease increase
or regulation of the electric motive force of the current as may be desired or is
best suited for the purpose for which it is to be employed. This arrangement
provides for the charging of long sections of a conductor or conductors either for
direct translation through the medium of electric motors or other apparatus placed
upon the train or for the charging of electric reservoirs placed thereon. Such
electric reservoirs practically serve the same purpose relatively to the translating
devices placed upon the wagon vehicle or train as the subsidiary reservoirs placed.
along the line or elsewhere do to the translating devices which they supply as
herein setforth
I sometimes employ a circuit maker which is connected or combined with the
armature of an electro magnet, the core of a solenoid or an electric motor or other
electric device for making a breaking the Circuit between the reservoir or magazine
and the extension of the conductor or conductors. This circuit maker can be
controlled through the medium of a circuit maker arranged in close proximity
thereto or at some distant point place or station so that the said Conductor or
conductors will only be charged when the last named circuit maker occupies or is
adjusted into a certain or defined position Under this arrangement there will be
no loss or discharge of electric energy through the conductor or conductors except
when the wagon vehicle or train is passing over the same or when at the will of
the operator the circuit is completed between the reservoir and the said conductor
or conductors. It will be understood that by charging or relinquishing the magazine

page_text: or reservoir or a series of them upon the wagon vehicle or train. I can dispense
with conductors extending throughout the entire length of the line and by
providing reservoirs at the Stations or at intervals along the line I am enabled
to charge the conserving or storing devices upon the wagon vehicle or train
when the latter is in motion or when stationary or both and in proportion
to the electric energy conserved while such train is stationary or in motion or both.
I can diminish the length of the conductors or sections along the line thereby
obviating the difficulties of insulation hitherto accompanying the construction and
working the electrical railways. By charging vivifying or revivifying the electric
magazine or reservoir or a series of the same placed upon the wagon vehicle or
train from the conductor or conductors or extensions from the elements of the electric
reservoirs batteries or accumulations or any combination of them at the Stations or
other places along the line-I am enabled to provide for a reserve of power or electric
energy upon the wagon vehicle or train so that the same may be propelled moved
or operated with the reservoir or appliances upon the train being in circuit
constantly with the source or reserve of electricity or the conductor or conductors
extending therefrom along the line I am thereby enabled to avoid the use of
electric switches and crossings and also to obviate the placing of an uninsulated
or partially uninsulated conductor or conductors along the surface of the ground
or across roadways or the like and to lessen friction between the contact or circuit
makers and the conductor or conductors along the line.
I am also enabled by the employment of a reserve magazine or accumulator or
devices for conserving or holding in reserve the electric energy upon the wagon
vehicle or train for the distribution of the electric energy to the various
wheels of a vehicle or to the different vehicles of a train and thereby obviate
if desired the necessity for the use of heavy electric engines. For this purpose I
employ such a number of conductors or a number of branches from the main con-
ductor as may be necessary to conduct the electricity to the different motors placed
upon the train I preferably employ two sets or series of conductors to provide for
the reversal of the current through the electric motors which can be coupled up in
series in multiple ared or in multiple series. When a series of vehicles are to be
combined I provide coupling devices such as spring clips or screw couplings for
uniting the conductors. It will be understood that these conductors are necessarily
properly insulated and are carried to a circuit maker or a series of them arranged
in a convenient position to be operated by the driver or attendant on the train.-
The conductors leading from the Elements of the Electric reservoir also extend
to such circuit making device or devices and are so arranged or combined
therewith as to provide for the circuit and for the reversal of the current through
the motors as may be necessary in the working of the traffic By employing
electric reservoirs or magazines along the line and at or between stations along
such line or both I am enabled to provide for charging vivifying or revivifying the
magazines upon the wagon vehicle or train with electricity of high or low tension
without loss of time or detention of such train and conserve sufficient electric
energy upon the train while the same is stopping the ordinary length of time at a
station or as it may be running or both to provide for the developement of light
and heat upon a wagon vehicle or train through the medium of electricity as well as
for the developement of motive power or the application of brake power or any or all
of them, that is to say, I employ generating apparatus and reservoirs or magazines
of electricity placed at suitable intervals or parts along the line to provide for
holding in reserve such an amount of electrical energy as may be necessary for any
or all of the aforesaid purposes.
I can employ a generating apparatus at the Stations or other places and convey
the electric energy through one or more conductors (with insulated or uninsulated
return conductors or with return by earth to electric magazines or reservoirs
arranged at a Station or different stations or places and I can employ thermo or
dynamo or magnets - apparatus or other devices or means electric for producing or

page_text: generating electricity but in all cases I conserve the electric energy near the place
or places where it is to be withdrawn or utilized The electric reservoir or magazine
therefore conserves or holds in reserve the electric energy at the place or places
where it is needed and the elements thereof can be charged by currents of high
tension I utilize the storage reservoirs or magazines as regulators of tension and
discharge the electricity from them through conductors which in section or carrying
capacity are proportioned to the tension of the current discharged or the quantity
of electric energy needed either of high or low tension or I may say in accordance
with the resistance or power of the battery or the number of elements coupled in
series I proportion the minimum amount of metal in the conductor or conductors
constituting the means for discharging the said magazines accumulators or
reservoirs along the line and for charging the magazines upon the vehicles or
trains.
For
I sometimes employ a converter which is combined or arranged in conjunction
with the electric reservoir or magazine or a series of them or with the electric
generator or generators This apparatus consists of a number of elements coupled
in series or other suitable devices Such devices are so connected or combined
with the discharging terminals or extensions from the elements of the reservoir or
magazine or the generator or generators as to be charged thereby and the tension
of the current to be transmitted is thereby increased decreased or regulated
instance if the reservoir should consist of only a small number of elements coupled
in series or coupled for quantity by discharging into the converter the tension of
the current will be increased in proportion to the number of the elements in the
series. In order to provide for the utilization of the electric energy upon the train
I lead from the elements of the electric reservoir or magazine a conductor or con-
ductors as hereinbefore described and I regulate the tension of the current for use
upon the train through the medium of the number of the elements coupled in series
or through the medium of a converter or converters as set forth that is to say I
employ apparatus or means for converting or regulating the tension of the currents
irrespective of the tension of the current or electric discharge from the conductor
conductors or electric magazine or magazines arranged along the line.
I sometimes conduct the electricity from the reservoir or reservoirs or the electro
motive force converter through suitable conductors arranged at or leading to the
side of the line to an accumulator reservoir magazine or battery or a series of
the same arranged in such proximity to the line as to supply the electrical
appliances apparatus or electric reservoirs placed upon the wagons vehicles or trains
when the latter are stationary The connection between such devices upon the
train and the said accumulator reservoir magazine or battery may be effected
(through the medium of a flexible conductor or conductors or a hinged or telescopic
conductor or conductors The movable circuit maker or makers for placing the
electric reservoirs or electrical appliances on a wagon vehicle or train in communi-
cation with the conductor or conductors may be constructed in a somewhat similar
manner. When I desire to utilize the electricity produced as set forth for translation
into light heat or motive power or any of them for industrial public or private use
as well as for railway purposes I connect with one or more of the accumulators
reservoirs magazines conservers of electricity or batteries main branches and
sub-branches (as shewn) and in some cases provide an automatic cut off or some
other switching device or devices for preventing the passage of the electricity back
through the couductor or conductors communicating with the main or other storago
systems and I sometimes provide for charging one magazine or part of the same
while I am discharging from another magazine or part thereof as herein provided
for Or the mains may be connected with the battery or a series of them or with
the electro-motive-force converter I preferably connect the aforesaid branches with
or place thereon storage batteries accumulators or electric reservoirs which may
practically become a part of the system of distribution for maintaining the supply
the electric lamps for street lighting purposes, are preferably arranged in derived

page_text: circuit from the mains or in subsidiary conductors or in an independent conductor
leading from the storage system or systems. From the mains suitable branch
circuits extend into the houses, or buildings these branch circuits being preferably
provided with accumulators or storage batteries and with apparatus for ineasuring
and recording the electricity supplied.
I sometimes employ storage batteries accumulators or electric reservoirs or other
devices for conserving or holding in reserve the electric energy in connection with
each lamp or series of lamps so as to regulate the supply of electric energy to the
latter
In applying my invention to a manufactory on a branch circuit from the main
I provide the said manufactory with a prime reservoir for supplying the same with
electricity to be translated into light heat or motive power through the medium of
suitable apparatus arranged in the said manufactory also with a converter or
apparatus through which the electricity is conducted from the prime reservoir to
the translating devices with or without the medium of subsidiary storage systems
or both storage systems and converters Also with an electric motor the electric
energy admitted to this motor is regulated through the medium of suitable devices
In order to provide for the heating of metal prior to or during its passage through
rolls I preferably provide independent electric reservoirs or lead the current directly
from the prime reservoir into another reservoir adjacent to the rolls or to a series
of such reservoirs and provide for distributing and regulating the electricity
passing through the metal to be heated according to its bulk or area in cross section
and dependent upon the degree of heat to which it is desired the metal should be
brought I may provide electric heaters for heating or warming the building or for
other purposes
At various parts of the said building incandescent arc lamps or
both may be arranged A meter or apparatus for measuring and recording the
electricity supplied to the manufactory or building may also be provided.
I provide for charging or revivifying the elements of the accumulators storage
batteries electric reservoirs or magazines upon one or more of the vehicles when
stationery or in motion or both by the employment of one or more circuit makers
or cut off devices arranged and adapted to complete an ellictrical circuit with the
elements of the electric reservoirs accumulators or batteries placed upon a vehicle
or train such circuit making device or devices being so arranged as to complete the
circuit through the conductor or conductors extending from the electric reservoir
or reservoirs based along the line or otherwise suitably located at stations or
elsewhere-Various forms of circuit makers are illustrated in other figures of the
drawings hereinafter referred to.
I employ an electric reservoir or magazine which may be placed upon a wagon
vehicle or train and whose elements are so connected with the conductors as to
adapt them to be charged vivified or modified by a current of high or low tension
from the elements where electric energy is conserved or held in reserve along the
line herein provided for a series of such reservoirs or magazines placed upon a truck
or framework The said reservoirs or magazines may be charged from any one or
more of the reservoirs or magazines as herein provided for-I regulate or govern
the electro motive force of a current for use upon the train either through the
medium of an electro motive force regulator which may consist of such a number
of elements coupled in series as will provide for this result or through the medium
of other suitable apparatus-I may either couple up in series the different elements
plates or parts of the prime storage battery or accumulator or may employ a series
of independent accumulators or reservoirs which are charged or revivified from the
generating source or magazine first or directly charged or revivified from the
generating source or magazine.
I employ forin circuit making device for connecting the element of one or more
accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazines upon a wagon
vehicle or train with the conductor or conductors and reservoirs placed along the

page_text: line-The circuit maker may consist of shoes or plates hinged so that they may
be raised from or depressed into contact with the conductors through the medium
of a connection capable of being operated by the engine driver guard or other
attendant-The parts which form a continuation of the shoe constitute an exten-
sion of the elements or conductors of the storage battery accumulator reservoir or
magazine or a series of the same in order to provide for a perfect content
or prevent firing at the hinge or joint I sometimes employ a liquid or lubricant
or oil
I sometimes employ circuit making devices wherein the shoes are adapted to be
moved or to slide within or against suitable supports or guides form on the arins
or parts Stems of the said shoes are provided with extensions or legs which
extend and fit into sockets or parts formed in the arms or parts in these sockets
I sometimes place a suitable liquid or lubricant which will ensure the closing of
the circuit between the parts and at the same time prevent firing I sometimes
employ a wheel or roller in the place of the Shoe for effecting communication between
the conductor or conductors and the electric reservoir accumulator or batterics
placed upon the wagon vehicle or train.-The circuit makers may be arranged to
be brought in contact with two conductors one at least of these Conductors being
necessarily insulated from the earth-I prefer however to employ for the
completion of the circuit an insulated conductor and utilise one of the rails of the
line as a return conductor or to make a return by earth-I can for this purpose
employ a single circuit maker and make return through the wheels to the rails or
to earth or I complete the circuit through the wheels to the elements of the
electric reservoir or reservoirs upon the wagon vehicle or train-The adjustable
circuit making device in charge of the engine driver or attendant would in this
case not be required to be placed in contact with the conductor or conductors
along the line-As Sections of one or more of the lines of rails can be insulated and
adapted to be placed in connection with the elements of any one or more of the
reservoirs where electrical energy is held in reserve. The wheels themselves in this
instance will provide for completing the circuit when suitably insulated from other
parts of the machinery or from the earth
I may however employ as a Conductor an ordinary rail or plate insulated from
the earth in any preferred manner.
I sometimes employ two Conductors or plates insulated from each other and
adapted to be arranged along the line for the circuit makers to be brought into
contact with
In the Engine the electric motor may be mounted upon a shaft independent of
the shafts of the driving wheels of the Engine This Shaft is provided with friction
wheels which run in contact with an annular flange or drum formed on or attached
to the said driving wheels-The friction of these wheels upon the engine wheels
may be increased or decreased by mounting the shaft in an adjustable bearings and
providing suitable means for the adjustment of the same.-
-The said shaft may be
supported upon a framing resting upon or supported upon the axles of the wheels
and has fitted upon it the armature which may be of any suitable construction I
prefer to employ an armature of large diameter and to arrange the magnets so as
to operate mostly or entirely upon the sides of the armature or over both the
periphery and the sides, the circuit being completed to the armature through the
medium of commutators or rings or enlargements upon the axle or shaft
I may
employ a series of commutators mounted upon an adjustable or reversible holder
so as to provide for the reversal of the motion of the engine. This apparatus can
be under the control of the engine-driver guard, or attendant, through the medium
of suitable devices operated by the electric current and a circuit maker or reverser
or solely by mechanical means.
The current is admitted from one or more or some part of one or more of the
reservoirs accumulators or magazines or to, and regulated by, a number of elements

page_text: coupled in series or by other apparatus which will govern or regulate the electro-
motive force or tension of the current and by means of the conductor or conductors
extending from such devices to the electric motor or motors and other devices I
provide for propelling impeding arresting or reversing the motion of the train
through the medium of circuit-makers under the control of the driver, guard, or
other attendant.
I employ an armature mounted directly upon the shaft or axle of the driving,
wheels and adjacent to the magnets placed on each side of the said armature.
These magnets may if desired cover or partially cover the periphery of the said
armature as well as the sides of the same. The current is admitted to the.
armature in a similar manner to that hereinbefore described The said magnets.
are supported upon a bed-plate which is combined with the framing resting upon
the axles.
I sometimes employ two armatures mounted upon the driving wheels as
herein described the magnets being arranged at the sides thereof and mounted
upon a framing supported upon the axles. The circuit to these armatures is
completed through commutators, collectors, or circuit makers arranged between the
said armatures. The said magnets may have a horse shoe or other form and may
be so arranged that their greatest length will be parallel or in the line of the axle.
or will extend transversely to such line. When I arrange them transversely to
such line the polar extremities may extend beyond and be supported by the axles
of two or more sets of whools. Or such magnets may be used in connection with
a series of armatures placed upon or supported by the different pairs of wheels.
From circuit makers ! employ an adjustable piece for varying the height of a
liquid or for varying the distance of the said piece from the piece or part and
consequently varying the resistanco in the circuit. The casing which encloses the
parts is preferably formed of or lined with insulating material and the adjustable
piece when brought close to or in contact with the piece provides for completing
the circuit with a minimum resistance. The said piece may be composed of
carbon or carbon combined or covered with metal. Lead may however be used for
such purpose. It will be understood that instead of making the parts tapered
they may be formed with concave and convex surfaces or they may have flat
surfaces adapted to slide in contact with or adjacent to each other or to be separated
from each other.
I employ a compound form of circuit-maker adapted to vary limit or define the
amount of current passing to the electric motors or other translating devices. This
circuit-maker also enables the current through the electric motor or motors to be
regulated. A series of such circuit-makers may be so arranged and combined as to
provide for regulating or reversing and regulating the current admitted to a series
of motors thereby controlling the speed and the direction of motion of the vehicles.
The said circuit-maker may consist of a movable plate adapted to be brought in
contact with one or more of the conductors secured in or attached to a suitable
base or frame of insulating material and communicating with the electric motors
or other translating devices. The said plate may be actuated by a button or by a
lever which may be manipulated by hand or controlled through the medium of the
electric current when suitable electric translating devices are so combined with the
same as to transmit motion. to the part of the said circuit-making device. It will
be understood that each one of the terminals or conductors can communicate with
a separate electric motor or other translating device or a series of these terminals
or conductors may extend to each electric motor or trauslating device. It will It
will also be understood that when the circuit maker is moved into such a position as
to complete the circuit to a motor or a series of them say through the medium of
the contractors the current can be sent in one direction so as to propel the wagon
vehicle or train in one direction and when the circuit-maker is adjusted into such
a position as to complete the circuit through the medium of the other conductors

page_text: the current will be sent through the latter so as to propel the wagons vehicles or.
train in the reverse direction When the said circuit maker is in such a position.
so as to break the circuit through the sets of conductors there is no electricity
admitted to the motor or motors or other translating device or devices The return
circuit to reservoir or reservoirs on the train is preferably completed through
the circuit making device to the negative plates or elements of the said reservoir
or reservoirs where the electric energy is stored or conserved and from which the
electric energy is being utilized on the wagon vehicle or train
To indicate the number of the conductors included in the circuit at any particular
time I provide an index or pointer which in the movement of the plate passes over
the dial suitably graduated according to the number of the conductors leading to
the motors or translating devices or according to the number of the conductors
placed in the circuit extending to a single motor or translating device It will be
understood that the circuit may be completed to the negative element or part of
the said reservoir magazine battery or converter on the wagon vehicle or train or
on the line by a return conductor or by earth or through the wheels of the vehicle
or vehicles and the line of rails or through special circuit makers in contact with
the rails or conductors along the line
By placing in the circuit between the electric reservoir or magazine and the
circuit making device under the charge of the engine driver or attendant another
circuit making breaking or reversing device and combining with such device an
electro magnet solenoid or electric motor and leading from the same a conductor or
conductors to the guard's van of the train where I place suitable circuit making
devices and a store of electricity 1 provide for interrupting the current through
the motors or for reversing such current Or instead of reversing the current
through the motors such circuit making devices under the control of the guard or
such as may be placed in various compartments of the train may be employed for
the transmission of the electric current to suitable electro magnets solenoids or
electric motors which are connected or combined with brake blocks in such a
manner as to provide for the application of the brakes to the wheels or axles or
the rails of the line and at the same time to interrupt through the medium of a
suitable circuit breaker or a resistance the passage of the electric current to the
electric motor or motors employed for propelling the wagon vehicle or train In
order to provide for the stoppage of a vehicle or vehicles in case of the severance
of one part of the train from another I provide for the transmission of the current
to electric apparatus so that the brakes will be applied directly through the
agency of such electric current For this purpose I employ a subsidiary reservoir
or battery upon each vehicle the transmission of the electric current from such
reservoir or battery being prevented by means of an adjustable piece which
regulates the resistance or prevents the passage of the current when the wagons or
vehicles are coupled together When the latter become detached a weight or spring
acts upon the said adjustable piece so that the same will be caused to complete the
circuit to the electrical appliances for operating the brakes
In order to provide for charging the elements of the electric reservoirs or
accumulating devices where electric energy is to be conserved or held in reserve I.
employ devices adapted and arranged in such a manner as to provide for charging
one set or part of the various accumulators or magazines while the other set or part
thereof is being discharged When such arrangement is employed on an engine'
vehicle or train one part of the apparatus holds in reserve electric energy to provide
for supplying the electric motors for propelling the wagon vehicle or train while
the other part or parts of the reservoir is being charged At intervals or until it
shall become fully charged such part can be automatically or otherwise disconnected
from the charging conductor and placed in circuit so as to supply the electric energy
to the electric motor, motors, subsidiary electric magazines accumulators or
reservoirs or parts of the apparatus placed upon the wagon vehicle or train. The

page_text: other parts not charged will then in turn become charged-I can employ a series
of these magazines operating in this manner that is to say in a manner which is
somewhat similar in practical working to the introduction of steam into the
Cylinder of an Engine the circuit inakers or commutators acting as a cut off. The
tension of the current is regulated as herein before explained or through the medium
of suitable Condensors.
I sometimes employ a switching or or circuit making and breaking device or
devices placed upon the wagon vehicle or train and so adapted on to or combined
with the conductors leading from the elements some part of magazines or
reservoirs where electric energy is conserved or held in reserve to the adjustable
device for completing the circuit with the conductor or conductors placed along the
line as to provide for alternately directing the currents into the respective
reservoirs or magazines or any combination of them placed upon the train
The switching device or devices may also provide the means for completing the
circuit from the reservoirs alternately to a subsidiary reservoir magazine or a series
of them which may also be provided with switching devices. These switching
devices can be operated through the medium of electric motors solenoids electro
magnets and the electric current or the said switching devices may be actuated by
or geared with the driving whells or be operated by the engine driver or
attendant.
It will be understood that the switching or circuit making devices can be of
duplex or of such compound form as may be desired so as to provide for charging
such a number of parts or elements or series of the same as may be desired.
I employ in connection with a double line of rails electric reservoirs in proximity
to the line and the connections therefrom to the conductor or conductors arranged
between the rails as herein before set forth.-It will be understood that these
conductors may be the rails of the track suitably insulated. The said conductors
preferably extend in sections along the line. In order to provide for charging and
discharging the reservoirs in such a manner that one reservoir is being discharged
whilst the other reservoir is being charged vivified or revivified. I employ a duplex
or compound cut off or circuit maker arranged between the reservoirs and the
charging conductor or conductors. When the circuit is completed between some
of the parts the circuit to one of the reservoirs will be completed and the
circuit to the other reservoir will be broken by the interruption of the circuit
between the parts.
The movements of the parts may be effected through the medium of a magnet
and armature the circuit to the said magnet being broken at certain times or
periods and for the desired length of time. An extension from the movable parts
of the circuit makers may be so arranged as to accomplish this result.
electro magnet or the electric appliance used in lieu thereof is preferably placed
in a branch circuit from the main conductor or conductors or in independent
circuits.
The
I also employ a circuit making and breaking device. By employing this or any
other suitable form of circuit maker and breaker and leading from the electro
magnet or other suitable device a conductor to some set or determined place or
station from which the electric current can be transmitted through such conductor
I am enabled to place the conductor extending along the line in circuit with the
electric reservoirs or magazines Any Section or length of the conductor can thus
be thrown into the circuit with the reservoir or source of electricity so that the
reservoirs or magazines upon the wagon vehicle or train can be charged or
revivified with a current of high or low tension or so that the electric energy can
be transmitted to the electric motors upon the train. It will be understood from
the above description that I can provide at any generating station or place for
regulating the tension of the current independent of the tension of the current
generated and that I provide for charging in quantity while I may discharge with

page_text: tension or vice versa and such method or process is applicable for charging the
reservoirs or magazines on the train or for other purposes or I can transmit the
electric energy to any place station house works or to a wagon vehicle or train
either stationery or in motion and convert or regulate the tension of the current
irrespective of the tension of the current transmitted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Stokes Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd February 1883.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America
now of 8 Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING
TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION, REGULATION AND UTILIZATION OF
ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR"
The object of my invention is to generate, store, distribute, regulate and utilize
electricity for the working of railways and tramways, and for other purposes and
the said invention relates to apparatus, methods, and means to be employed therefor,
or in connection therewith.
It has heretofore been proposed to distribute electricity through the medium of
a system of conductors consisting of mains, branches, and sub-branches, and to
reinforce such system of conductors through the medium of a secondary battery or
electric reservoir or reservoirs so that when the generator is not producing sufficient
electricity the said battery or reservoir will serve to assist the same.
Such a
system does not, however, provide all that is necessary for a general system of
distribution, and furthermore necessitates the employment of heavy conductors
proportioned to the consumption of the electricity throughout the system.
In carrying my invention into practice I establish a generating station or such
a number of generating stations as may be best suited to the installation or as
best suited to supply the electricity. I may employ, as the generating source or
sources of electricity either thermo-electric or hydro-electric apparatus, or one or
more dynamo or magneto electric machines, galvanic or gas batteries or similar
apparatus or any combination of them and I can utilize the power of the wind
water or tide for driving turbines or water-wheels or other apparatus with or
without means for the compression or rarefication of air, and provide such machinery
as may be necessary according to the means employed for driving the dynamo or
magneto electric machines. From the electric generator or generators I lead a
conductor or a series of conductors which is connected with the elements of an
accumulator, storage battery, electric reservoir or magazine in which electric energy
is held in reserve.
I employ a series of such accumulators, storage batteries,
reservoirs or magazines which I so construct and arrange as to permit the current
to be conveyed into them from the electric generator or generators constantly
and at a uniform rate of production and I provide for converting or regulating
the tension or electro-motive force of the current to be utilized irrespective of
the tension or electro-motive force of the current discharged from the said
generator or generators by regulating the number of the elements of the said
accumulators, batteries, or reservoirs coupled in series from which the current
is discharged into the discharging mains or conductors by means of an adjustable
circuit-maker that causes the electric current from the generator or generators to
charge the different cells or series of olements for supplying the conductors in the
systein, the said conductors being charged or supplied from one set or series of
elements the other set or series of elements being in the charging circuit with the
said generator or generators. In order to provide for such a result either in the
prime electric reservoir or in the subsidiary or auxiliary electric reservoirs or
magazines, whether the same are stationary or movable, or in any combination
of stationary and movable reservoirs, I employ time-mechanism or any suitable
arrangement of circuit making and breaking devices so constructed and arranged
according to the time required for charging the elements of the reservoirs, batteries,

page_text: or accumulators from the generator or generators, as to maintain at a practical
uniformity the activity of the said reservoirs, batteries, or accumulators so as
to provide the necessary reserve of power. I sometimes employ for this purpose
a duplex or compound circuit-making and breaking apparatus, the terminals or
conductors through which the current passes being insulated from oach other and
mounted upon a lever arm or shaft which is caused to be moved at certain times,
or at a determined rate of speed in proportion to the generating capacity of the
electric generator or generators and the discharge of electricity from the reservoir,
battery, accumulator or magazine or a series of the same. In a system for
distributing electricity I so proportion the capacity or power of the generator
or generators relatively to the capacity of the part of the apparatus, for storing
or conserving the electric energy as to provide for generating electricity constantly
or for a set or determined number of hours and the part of the apparatus for
conserving the electric energy is of such proportions relatively to the said generator
or generators as to provide for such a result. The tension or electro motive force
of the current can be increased, reduced, or regulated through the medium of the
accumulators or storage batteries or electric reservoirs or magazines, and the
electric energy can be transmitted for long distances through conductors of com-
paratively light section, these conductors communicate with accumulators, storage
batteries, electric reservoirs, or magazines arranged at a central station or district
or in a house or works or along highways, railways, or other places nearer the
place or places where the electric energy is to be utilized. At each place or at
various places or intervals I employ electric reservoirs, magazines or batteries
susceptible of being charged vivified or revivified through the agency of the
electric current. These reservoirs or magazines are of such proportions as to
provide for conserving the electric energy or for holding in reserve a sufficient
supply of electricity to meet the requirements. As it is in many cases desirable
to reduce the tension of the current to ensure safety in conducting electricity
through houses, and as it is more efficacious to employ the electric energy with
comparatively low tension for the production of light, heat, and motive power or
any of them, I employ subsidiary accumulators, storage batteries; electric reservoirs
or magazines, or a special device or apparatus which is herein termed a converter.
These subsidiary reservoirs can be fitted or provided with a switching device or
devices as and for the purpose hereinafter described. The number of the elements
or the extent or area of the inducing part or parts will provide for regulating the
tension of the current or for converting a current of high tension into a current
of low tension. I am thereby enabled to provide for transmitting electricity of
high tension through comparatively light conductors either directly from the
generator or generators, or from the prime reservoir or magazine, or a series of
them, to a distant place or places where I conserve or provide for a reserve of
electric energy by the employment of electric reservoirs. When such electric
reservoir or magazine constitutes a central station from which the electricity is
distributed through a conductor or a series of the same, or through mains, branches,
or sub-branches, the discharging conductor or conductors may, if desired, be formed
of such a size as to provide for the discharge from the said reservoir, with greater
rapidity than such reservoir can be charged or revivified by the charging conductor
or conductors, that is to say, I provide one or more discharging conductors from
the reservoir of greater carrying capacity than the charging conductor or con-
ductors. It will be understood that I am thereby enabled to so proportion the
carrying capacity of the charging conductors in accordance with the discharge or
possible discharge or consumption of electricity as to keep the conductors or mains
for charging the reservoirs arranged at different or distant points or places
constantly employed. Where there is a very large consumption of electric energy,
the reservoirs can be employed to provide for the supply either in conjunction
with or independently of, the charging conductor or conductors. When the
reservoir or reservoirs become fully charged I am enabled by the employment
of an automatic out off which operates in such a manner as to provide- for

page_text: rendering different parts of the apparatus practically independent in their working
or of the supply of electricity at a given time or to render the translation of the
electricity practically independent of the generation thereof for a given time, and
generate electricity independent of the consumption and without loss.
Various methods have been proposed for the transmission of electricity for the
purposes of locomotion or for the production of motive power, light, and heat, and
it has been proposed to generate electricity at fixed points or places to operate
vehicles, wagons, or trains over lines of railways tramways and public highways
other than under my system through the medium of electricity. In all arrange-
ments however hitherto made the following are some of the difficulties which
arise, namely, The excessive prime cost of the conductors or channels for the
transmission of the electricity; the difficulties of insulation in the working of a
railway or the like; the difficulties of transmitting electricity over long lines of
.conductors of light section, and so as to provide for the requisite supply of
electricity where needed; the difficulties of providing a conductor or conductors
along the line at places where switches or crossing lines are employed or found
necessary; the constant wear and friction between the contact or circuit makers
upon the vehicle or vehicles and the conductor or conductors along the line; the
difficulties of distributing the electric energy to the various wheels of a vehicle or
the different vehicles of the train; the difficulty of carrying conductors across
roadways and along the ground; the difficulty of supplying from a generating
station or system electricity for utilization in electric lamps or other electric
appliances or apparatus upon a vehicle or train, and, the difficulties attending the
general utilization of electricity upon the wagon, vehicle or train and the
maintenance of any approximate uniformity in the supply of electricity, especially
over any considerable length of line.
My invention is designed to obviate these difficulties, amongst others, and to
secure important advantages in the transmission distribution and utilization of
electricity as will be understood from the ensuing description
As a further explanation of my improvements relating to the generation
regulation and utilization of electricity for the working of railways and tramways
and for other purposes I have to remark. In some cases I employ a generating
station or stations for supplying electricity for the working of a railway tramway,
or the like, or to be utilized along the line or elsewhere, and provide reservoirs or
magazines for conserving electric energy, which are placed along the line, or in
the streets, houses, manufactories, stations or other places desired, so as to con-
stitute a system or apparatus for the general distribution of electricity for the
operation of railways and for other purposes for which electricity can be utilized.
I lead the conductors from the generating station or stations preferably to a prime
storage reservoir apparatus or system and connect the latter with auxiliary or
subsidiary accumulators, storage batteries or electric reservoirs or magazines placed
along the line, and, as desired, upon the vehicles, engines or trains; when such
subsidiary reservoirs are placed along the line they are supplied from one or more
generating stations through the medium of one or more suitably insulated
conductors.
I provide these storage reservoirs placed at the side of or between the lines of
rails with an electrical circuit so as to conduct the electric current into the storage
reservoirs or to the electric motors placed upon the engine, wagon, vehicle, tramcar
or train. I preferably employ subsidiary storage reservoirs for charging the
conductor or conductors in sections along the line; the ends of the said con-
ductor or conductors when placed between the ordinary rails or at the side
thereof, are preferably inclined so as to provide for the circuit maker or makers
upon the wagon, vehicle, or train, entering the section, or being brought into
contact with the said conductor or conductors without jar in case the said circuit
maker or makers should be depressed prior to its entering the said section. By
the conservation of energy at fixed points or places I am thereby enabled to
employ a conductor or conductors of light section for conducting the electric energy

page_text: to the reservoir along the line and the electric energy is always in reserve near to
the place or places where it is to be utilized. I sometimes so construct and
arrange the elements of the electric reservoirs as to provide for charging vivifying
or revivifying the same when coupled for quantity or low tension, and discharge
from the reservoir or some part of the same when the elements are coupled for
tension or otherwise as desired in order to furnish electric energy for the develop-
ment of light, or other purposes, and for supplying electric energy for the operation
of movable mechanism arranged along the line. I sometimes place between the
storage reservoir or reservoirs and the conductors extending along the line a
circuit-maker which is controlled automatically or by an operator at a determined
place or station upon the line, so as to provide for controlling the supply of electric
energy to any desired section or device either for the purpose of automatically
preventing the wagon, vehicle, or train from passing into a section, or for con-
trolling the movement of the wagon, vehicle, or train or to provide for the
development of signals or the operation of the movable mechanism. For these last
named purposes I preferably employ independent cut offs in connection with
independent electric reservoirs or batteries. I can employ a reservoir, battery,
magazine, or a series of them, operating as one apparatus from which one or more
conductors lead to different appliances or places on the line and through suitably
arranged circuit makers placed at some convenient point, place or station.
I provide for the utilization of the electric energy and the control of the various
appliances or the traffic, and I employ accumulators, storage batteries, electric
reservoirs, or magazines placed upon the engine, wagon, or train and provide
adjustable circuit-makers or devices which are under the control of the engine-
driver, guard, or attendant, who is thereby enabled through the medium of such
devices, to feed the electric reservoir or storage apparatus placed upon the train
from the conductor or electric reservoir or reservoirs placed along the line,
By such arrangement it is practicable to generate electricity at convenient
stations or places and to feed or supply the electric energy for the propulsion
of the wagons, vehicles, or train, or to be used for other purposes upon the
same somewhat as water is now supplied to locomotive tenders or water
tanks, that is to say, the accumulators, storage batteries, electric reservoirs
or magazines upon the wagons, vehicles, or trains can be charged or revivified
through the medium of the electric reservoirs and conductors placed upon
the line, while the trains are moving. The terminals of one or more, or some
part, of the electric reservoirs on the portable device or devices are adapted
to be brought into connection with one or more conductors from the storage
system arranged along the line through the medium of switching or circuit-
making devices. It will be understood that one or more, or some part of the
electric reservoirs or magazines placed upon the wagons, vehicles or train can
be charged or vivified through the medium of a single conductor with return
by earth, or the return may be made through the circuit maker and a return
conductor communicating with the storage system battery or generator which
supplies the conductor or conductors placed along the line. The electricity from
the storage tanks on the vehicles can be utilized through the medium of electric
motors for producing motive power, or can be utilized for lighting or heating the
vehicles, wagons or train through the medium of electric lamps or heaters or for
stopping or retarding motion or for any or all of these purposes and the
difficulties attending the general application of electricity for propulsion or other
purposes on railways will be obviated, the frictional and wearing parts and the
difficulties of construction and insulation being avoided or reduced to a minimum
I regulate or govern the electro-motive force of the current or currents on the
vehicle or train through the medium of the conserving or converting devices upon
the same so as to utilize the energy upon the train as suited to the devices
employed in the translating or discharging current upon the same. I am thereby
enabled to utilize upon the train the electricity as best suited for the purposes for
which it is to be employed, that is to say, I provide apparatus or means to obtain

page_text: the desired electro-motive force or tension of the current due to the number of the
elements of the reservoir or magazine coupled in series and placed upon the train.
I sometimes employ independent regulating or converting devices, or a series of the
for regulating the electro-motive force or tension of the current used upon
the wagon, vehicle, or train either for communicating motion or controlling the
movement of the train, or for lighting and heating the same, or for any or all of
such purposes.
same,
I sometimes use, in connection with, or between, a conductor or storage system
placed upon the line and a conductor or conductors or circuit maker or makers on
the wagon, vehicle, or train, a liquid which is placed in a trough, groove, or recess
and with which the adjustable apparatus or circuit maker or makers can come into
contact when communication is made or being made between the electric conductor
or storage system placed along the line and the storage system or apparatus placed
upon the wagon, vehicle, engine, or train. I can employ for this purpose oil,
water, or any other suitable liquid, or I may employ a lubricant which is
supplied from a suitable reservoir on the engine or train when in motion. By this
means I obviate firing and undue friction between the contact surfaces. When I
employ a liquid as the means for establishing communication I prefer to construct
a circuit-making apparatus placed upon the wagon, vehicle or train in such a
manner that it will not throw the liquid from the tank when the train is moving
and also to obtain more perfect communication or contact. The metal conductor
placed along the line can be covered by a liquid such as oil, water, or the like. The
adjustable circuit-maker or makers placed upon the wagon, vehicle, or train will
complete the circuit through the conductor or conductors on the line and the film
of oil or water or the like between them will obviate friction and firing.
I sometimes construct an electric motor for working upon railways by arranging
upon the driving wheels of the engine or vehicle, armatures mounted upon a
support of insulating material, or I secure such support to the driving wheels and
place upon the said support, insulated wires, strips, or ribbons, the same being
covered by one or more inetallic plates or pieces securely fastened thereon, and I
arrange an electro-magnet or a series of such magnets, of horse-shoe or other form
in such a manner that the armatures will revolve in close proximity to the polar
extensions of the same.
I sometimes construct the armatures of plates, strips, or coils of copper or other
suitable metal secured upon an insulating or nonmagnetic support, for instance;
I may fasten or clamp to the driving wheels, plates, strips, or coils of copper or
other suitable metal which rests upon an insulating support secured to one of the
wheels. Another armature of similar construction is placed upon the opposite
wheel. The electro-magnet or magnets are supported and insulated from the axle
of the driving wheels. The said magnet or magnets may have a horse-shoe or
other form, the wires or ribbons with which the said magnet or magnets are
wound being preferably in close proximity to, and nearly parallel to, the face of
the armature. I lead the currents to or from the armatures by means of
conductors or collectors.arranged between the wheels. Or I sometimes arrange the
amature or armatures upon the axle throughout a considerable portion of its
length and of the greatest diameter practicable, and employ in connection therewith
an annular electro-magnet, or a magnet having semi-circular, or approximately
semi-circular polar extensions, faces or ends, and conduct the currents to or from
the armature, through the medium of collectors or circuit-makers placed at the ends
thereof.
I provide for transforming the motors into generating machines when running
down inclines or when it is desired to check the speed of the train, that is to say,
instead of conducting the electricity into the motor from the storage system I
reverse the position of the circuit-maker and so connect the generator with the
storage system as to supply the same, and through the medium of an automatic
cut-off placed in the circuit, I prevent the return of the electricity from the said
storage system to the generator in case the electro-motive force-shall be greater

page_text: in the said storage system than in the generating machine, but as the currents are
conveyed to a special or prime storage system which is so constructed and
connected with the generator as to be charged with low resistance the said
generator will feed such storage system except when running at a very slow
speed
If the electric engine and vehicles are to run at a high speed I sometimes
employ bent or set axles in order that the bodies of the carriages and the weight
will be partly below the axis of the wheels or I may provide loose wheels and
cover the axles with a sleeve in order to retain the oil and prevent or diminish
friction in the bearings.
In constructing large electric engines I sometimes secure the armatures to one
side of the driving wheels, the said armatures being insulated from each other and
built up in sections or otherwise. The electro-magnets are placed between these
arinatures. Or I employ a series of electric motors connected with the engine
wheels. Or the power can be distributed to the different wheels or throughout the
train by the application of motors placed upon the axles, or otherwise combined
with them or the wheels. These motors are preferably connected by conductors
leading to the driving department of the train where they can, at pleasure, be
placed in the circuit with the storage apparatus or system as above described and
they can be controlled from the guard's van through the medium of a circuit-
maker or a series of circuit makers that will render active an electro-magnet or an
electric motor, solenoid, or other device, which will operate upon the circuit-maker
or a series of them, and will thus prevent the supply of electric energy to the
inotors or will cause the reversal of the current through the same.
I sometimes construct the motors in sections so as to readily apply them to the
axles or wheels of the veliicles, and when it is necessary I so construct support,
and arrange the electro-magnets as to provide for the variation in height due to
the springs of the vehicles, especially when the said springs have their bearings
directly upon the axles and body or framing of the said vehicles.
In constructing a governing apparatus for the electric engine, motor or other
electrical appliance where the amount of electric energy required is not constant
or uniform, I provide a series of accumulators or electro-motive force regulators,
and combine therewith a series of circuit-makers or conductors which are so
arranged relatively thereto as to regulate the number of the series of elements
employed at a given time according to the energy required in the electric motor.
Or I provide a set or determined electro-motive force in the accumulators, storage
batteries, electric reservoirs, magazines or converters, and regulate the current
through the medium of a circuit-maker, or a series of them, which according to
their position regulate or define the utilization of electric energy. It will be
understood that any number of electric-motors can be controlled from any given
point on the train by the employment of such devices.
Under my improved method or system of generating and storing electric energy
for the working of railways and for other purposes the power is always in constant
reserve and I utilize the capital expended for generating apparatus to its full
capacity or to such extent as may be desired, the generating machinery or
apparatus can be kept constantly feeding the storage apparatus or system along
the line and the electricity so stored can be conducted into the storage apparatus or
systems upon the wagons, vehicles, or trains as it may be needed. This method or
system of working railways will obviate the necessity for building heavy
machinery or engines to pass over the lines thereby rendering it practicable to
construct lines more economically than where heavy rolling stock is employed and
is well adapted for elevated railways, tramways, and light electric railways and for
ordinary railway systems.
In applying the machinery to the trains or vehicles I provide for the connection
of the motor or motors with the driving wheels and in order to effect the gradual
application or stoppage of the electric energy I sometimes construct the armature
or armatures of the motor of a series of independent sections or I employ a series

page_text: of electro-magnets in conjunction with the armature or armatures. I lead the
conductors from these magnets or from the sections of the armature or both, to a
convenient position and join them to an apparatus by means of which they can,
at pleasure, be included in the circuit through the medium of a circuit-maker or a
series of them. I preferably employ, as a circuit maker, a plunger or movable piece
or part of duplex or compound form in combination with a liquid such as mercury
or water. This plunger or other suitable apparatus causes the displacement of the
liquid and thereby regulates the number of the aforesaid electro-magnets or the
number of the sections of the armature or the amount of electricity admitted to
the armature from the storage system. This circuit-maker or governor is placed in a
convenient position for manipulation by the engine-driver, guard, or attendant, and
being in circuit with the source of electricity (preferably the storage system) the
position of such circuit-maker will govern the amount of electric energy introduced
into the machine or engine, or in other words, the power of the motor, for instance
where a small amount of electric energy is required, there will be a proportionate
expenditure in the machine and on the contrary, where a large amount is
requisite or when the full force of the machine is needed, the circuit-maker,
governor, or resistance can be placed in such a position as to render available the
full force of the said machine or a series of them.
I also employ a circuit-maker or governor preferably of similar construction to
that above described for reversing the current through the electric engine or
machine either for changing the direction of the motion of the wagon, vehicle or
train, or for impeding or arresting its motion.
It will be understood that when the motion of the train is being arrested and
the current is prevented from entering the motor, by connecting the conductors
through the medium of the circuit-making device with the terminals of the
accumulator, storage battery, electric reservoir or magazine, I provide for storing
the electric energy produced by vivifying revivifying or charging the said
accumulator, storage battery, or reservoir.
I sometimes place the electric motor, or a series of the same in connection with
friction wheels or devices which operate upon the driving wheel, wheels, or axles
of the engine, wagon, or train. These friction wheels or devices can be so constructed
and arranged as to provide for increasing or decreasing the friction between the
wheels and the axle of the motor.
The
In order to provide an electric brake for use upon wagons or other vehicles, loco-
motives and railway trains I sometimes employ an electric motor which is secured in
any convenient position on the wagon or vehicle. This electric motor is provided
with screw-threaded or cam-faced ends which fit into, or over, corresponding pieces or
sockets with which the brake blocks are connected or combined. For instance one
such motor may be placed with its axle extending length-wise of the vehicle.
screwed or cam-faced sockets slide to and fro in grooves or channels according to
the position of the motor and connecting rods extend therefrom to the brake-
blocks. Or the motor may be mounted upon the vehicle with its axis in line with
the axle or axles of the said vehicle. Under this last construction I prefer to fit
upon the axle à bearing plate or a series of such plates and force against the same
the brake-blocks connected with the aforesaid sockets. I can employ in connection
with the motor a counter-weight or spring which will cause the withdrawal of the
brake-blocks when the current is interrupted.
I also provide on railway vehicles or trains means for the automatic application
of the brake upon a vehicle when the same becomes disengaged from the other
portion of the train. I can employ a relay or a storage battery or system or a
derived circuit from the system of distribution on the train for furnishing the
energy for the application of the brakes through the medium of electro magnets or
other appliances connected or combined with the brake-blocks.
1 place conductors or storage systems along the line for feeding or supplying the
apparatus placed upon the wagon, vehicle or train and mount or place them in or
on suitable insulating supports or otherwise provide suitable insulation for them.-

page_text: I can employ as conductors extending for long or short distances along the line
either an independent rail or rails placed between the ordinary rails of the line, or
can provide a conductor supported at the side of the line. I sometimes form the
ends of the conductors communicating with the storage system with inclined ends
as above stated. I employ at suitable stations flexible or adjustable connections
leading from storage systems accumulators batteries or generators arranged along
the line for communication with the terminal or terminals of the storage apparatus
placed in or upon the train.
In providing for the distribution and utilization of electricity throughout the
train for lighting heating and other purposes I employ storage systems or apparatus
placed upon one or more of the vehicles (preferably one or more on each vehicle)
these subsidiary storage systems being charged through the medium of a conductor
or conductors communicating with storage systems placed along the line or charged
from a battery or accumulator arranged upon the wagon vehicle or train and
charged or revivified through the medium of a conductor or conductors and
batteries or magazines arranged along the line. The conductors lead to the
different vehicles or compartments of the vehicles, wagons or trains automatic or
other coupling devices being provided between the different vehicles. In these
different vehicles or compartments. I employ suitable electric lamps or heaters or
both and arrange circuit makers or switching apparatus by which the lamps or
heaters or both can be turned on or off as may be desired the said circuit makers
or switching apparatus being placed either in the different compartments or in the
guards van or in other suitable parts of the train.
means for
In or in connection with a system or apparatus for storing or holding partly or
entirely electric energy in reserve as produced by methods or means applicable for
the purpose of generation or development of electric currents and distributing
electricity for the production of light heat and motive power along lines of railway
or at other places such as highways houses works or stations where electrical
translating devices are placed or can be supplied through the medium of mains
branches and sub-branches I sometimes combine methods devices and means for
operating controlling and securing the proper relative working of the movable
mechanism such as is generally used on railways or which is described in the
specifications of prior Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf and
dated August 27th A.D. 1877 No. 3256 March 12th A.D. 1878 N° 995
September 18th A D. 1878 N° 3692 December 6th A.D. 1878 N° 5005 and
July 8th A.D. 1879 N° 2785 or of any combination of the latter with the
apparatus in general use that is to say I provide apparatus or
signalling upon railways through the medium of electricity and also apparatus
methods and means for operating controlling and securing the various combinations
of switches crossings crossing lines or sidings in their proper relationship to the
principal or main line or lines or the signalling or other apparatus connected to or
combined therewith so as to fully secure the proper relative position of the parts of
the movable mechanism, that is to say I generate electricity either through the
medium of dynamo or magneto-electric machines thermo electric generators or
otherwise, and conduct the electricity along mains branches or sub branches to
electric reservoirs or batteries susceptible of being charged or revivified and placed
in convenient positions relatively to the houses works stations or places sections of
railways tramways or highways or to the electrical appliances through which the
electricity can be translated into light heat or motive power or in convenient
positions to supply electrical reservoirs placed upon the wagons, vehicles or train.
Such apparatus or system provides for holding in constant reserve a supply of
electricity which may be withdrawn or discharged from the electric reservoirs
magazines or batteries either in quantity or with high tension. The said apparatus
or system consists partly of the translating and storing devices placed upon the
wagons vehicles or trains and the conductors circuit-makers and other devices
connected to or combined therewith so constructed and arranged that when desired
they may be made to form part of or be combined or put in circuit with a general

page_text: system or apparatus for the generation storage distribution and regulation of
electricity with or without measuring and recording devices.
In order to construct and arrange apparatus for the working of the aforesaid
movable parts or mechanism I preferably employ an electric generating apparatus
or system and provide devices or means for storing or conserving electric energy as
above stated and conduct the currents therefrom into a storage battery, apparatus
or system or a series of them or converters charged thereby and I lead conductors
from the poles of the said storage system or from the converter or a series of them
along the railway and places in conjunction with the movable mechanism to be
operated suitable electric appliances such as electric motors, electro magnets and
armatures or solenoids. The conductors placed along the line are provided with
branches, subbranches or extensions which connect these appliances with the
storage and generating apparatus or with the storage apparatus alone.
For the operation of a switch crossover road or any combination of apparatus to
be moved therewith in the working of railways I preferably employ an electric
motor electro-magnet or solenoid which is so constructed and arranged as to cause
the adjustment of such movable. mechanism dependent upon the adinission of the
current into such motor or device. For instance I place adjacent to the line of
railway a motor whose shaft or axle may, extend transversely or parallel
or nearly so to the line of rails. I provide upon this axle a screw thread or
cam-faced piece or part which fits into or over a corresponding nut or socket
placed upon or connected with the rod leading to or connected with the
switch or shifting or movable part. When the circuit is completed the electric
current causes the movement of the motor or other device and the screw is
driven further into or is partly withdrawn from the socket or piece upon the
connecting rod. The corresponding fittings upon the electric motor or other device
and the connecting rod can be so formed as to require several revolutions of the
electric motor to complete the adjustment of the movable switch or part or the said
fittings may be so formed and arranged as to cause the adjustment of the movable
part by a slight movement of the motor. Moreover these fittings can be so
arranged relatively to each other as to provide for the locking of the switch firmly
in position. For this purpose I provide a slowly operating screw or cam face or a
straight or nearly straight slot into which a pin or projection fits or in which such
pin or projection works. By extending the shaft or axle of the motor under the
rail or rails or in close proximity to the latter I can connect with such motor a
locking bar which upon the movement of the said motor is raised and lowered and
will prevent the movement of the motor while a train is passing; or I can lead the
current to such motor through a conductor in which the current will be interrupted
by the passage of the train over any given portion of the line as may be desired.
I can provide for such interruption by leading the conductors through movable
circuit-makers which will be displaced while the train is standing or moving on
certain portions of the line.
I can employ a liquid circuit maker or a series of the same which will be dis-
placed or will be caused to change position through the medium of a lever or
spring placed under the rail or through the medium of pressure upon an elastic_or
collapsible vessel with which I combine the said circuit makers or makers. For
operating a cross over road I can employ a single motor electro-magnet or any
combination or series of thein for adjusting the movable parts of the said crossover-
road. When I employ one motor or device I preferably place it midway between
the most distant parts of the cross over road and in the line of the connecting rods
and arrange the electric reservoir in close proximity thereto.
It will be understood that through the medium of these appliances when the
electric current is sent through the motor the switch or crossover road will be
adjusted and held in a position dependent upon the direction of the current sent,
that is to say, when the current is sent in one direction the switch or crossover
road or apparatus connected therewith will be adjusted so as not to interrupt the
main line and when the current is sent in the other direction the apparatus will be

page_text: adjusted so that the crossing line will be completed and bolted locked or otherwise
held in position. I can employ testing and bolting apparatus which will be
adjusted through the medium of electric motors electro-magnets or solenoids in a
similar manner that is to say I provide a duplex or other form of bolting apparatus
which is connected to or combined with an electric motor or the armature of an
electro-magnet or the core of a solenoid; or such motor armature or device may
have a testing and bolting face or part to correspond with or fit into or over a
socket aperture, recess or projection in connection with or forming part of the
motor or part first moved; I prefer to employ in connection with the electric motor
or the apparatus to be moved in connection therewith a repeating or recording
apparatus which will indicate through the medium of electricity to the signalman
or operator the exact position of the parts first moved either visually or audibly or
both and such repeating apparatus may constitute a testing and bolting apparatus
and may be made to react upon other apparatus which would conflict if moved
improperly with respect to the first moving mechanism. For this purpose I
employ an electro magnet and armature or solenoid which is rendered operative
through the medium of an electric current; this armature or device engages with
or fits into or over a socket aperture recess or projection in connection with some
part of the apparatus to be bolted or tested. The testing apparatus is preferably
arranged to engage or interlock with and hold the circuit maker or a series of the
same or some extension thereof or some sliding or adjustable piece or bar or
extension thereof which engages with the circuit-maker or makers. When I use
an electric motor I so arrange the same that when the switch is fully adjusted
the said electric-motor will be automatically cut out of the circuit. I provide for
this result by an excess of movement of an extension or projection from connected
with or operated by the said motor in the locking faces of the screw cam face
or slot.
I also employ electric motors electro-magnets and armatures or solenoids to
actuate a signal, semaphore or disc. The motor or other device may be placed in
any desired position and may be combined with the signal through the medium
of a crank, pulley or otherwise. The motor can be mounted upon the signal post
and the connecting rod extending to the signal may be combined with the shaft
of the motor through the medium of a screw and socket or an eccentric or
otherwise.
I sometimes provide a counter weight attached either directly to a pulley or
otherwise arranged so that the signal shall go to danger in case of the breakage of
the circuit. When I wish to control the signal from more than one point, I employ
apparatus that can be operated through the medium of electricity. For instanco
when I use an electro magnet and an armature which is provided with an engaging
face that fits into or against a projection or recess on some part of the apparatus
connected or combined with the signal, I preferably construct and arrange this
locking armature, with a bolting face inclined at an angle of about 45 degrees;
this face fits against a corresponding part which it is designed to lock. Or instead
of providing the said armature with an inclined face, I may form the same with a
curved or semi-circular projection or recess adapted to fit a corresponding recess or
projection on the part it is designed to lock. When the current is passed through
the electro-magnet and the engaging faces are opposite each other they will be in
close contact and the slight power exerted by the magnet will render it impossible
to adjust the signal, even though the force of the motor or other electric translating
device should be applied; but when the circuit is broken so as to release the
armature it may be readily forced from its position, and the signal will be free to
be moved In order however to better protect the working of the apparatus I
provide means for interrupting the-circuit to the motor when the current is to be
passed through the electro magnet, so as to render active the locking armature.
Furthermore I provide means whereby the completion of the circuit to the armature
will cause the locking to prevent the movement of the circuit-maker which is
employed to complete the circuit-to the motor.. Or.I can employ an independent

page_text: circuit-maker and I may use for this purpose apparatus or devices which may also
be used as a medium for locking or unlocking other circuit makers mechanically.
Instead of using an electro magnet and armature or a solenoid for locking the
signal I may employ an electric motor for this purpose some part or connection
thereof being so constructed and arranged relatively to the other parts of the
Or I may use an appa-
apparatus as to accomplish or permit the aforesaid results.
ratus which is rendered operative through liquids gases or metals which are heated
by or through the medium of the electric current that is to say, I expand a wire rod
or other medium placed within a collapsible or expansible chamber which is so
arranged and combined with the apparatus to be moved that the expansion imparts
movement through a lever or other medium to actuate the said apparatus when
the passage of the electric current develops heat in the conductor which is so
arranged in the chamber or space as to act in the manner herein described. These
same devices can be employed for the movement of signal and other apparatus
employed on railways and they can be rendered operative from the signal cabin or
from central stations or places with which they are connected by suitably insulated
conductors with returns by earth or otherwise These or any of the above
described electrical apparatus and the signalling or other devices with which they
are connected or combined can be automatically operated or controlled through
the medium of waggons vehicles or trains by the aid of suitably arranged circuit
makers which will interrupt or complete the circuit as desired. In some instances
I provide apparatus for automatically signalling the line blocked or -clear and
combine such automatic apparatus with other apparatus at stations to prevent the
signalman from giving conflicting signals or moving devices to conflict with the
automatic signals. I also provide for the automatic adjustment of switches and
crossings through the medium of electric motors or other apparatus herein described.
To accomplish this result I employ one or more circuit makers arranged in such
position relatively to the rails as to be operated upon by the passing locomotives
vehicles or trains. The said circuit maker or makers is or are arranged at a
suitable distance in advance of the apparatus to be moved and when the train
passes over such circuit maker or makers the current is caused to pass into the
apparatus (say the motor electro magnet or solenoid) and reverse its movement or
rather its position and consequently the position of the apparatus combined there-
with notwithstanding that the circuit-maker which was moved by the signalman
may be locked or interlocked with other circuit-makers or with other apparatus.
I preferably combine with such automatic operating devices signalling devices
which will indicate in a signal cabin or at some central point or station or elsewhere
such automatic adjustment.
I sometimes employ along the line signals which are operated through the medium
of electricity and devices to which movement is imparted by the automatic expansion
of a wire rod or other medium placed within a collapsible or expansible vessel or
chamber so arranged and combined relatively to the apparatus to be moved that
the expansion imparts movement through a lever or other means connected or
combined with the signal Or I employ electric lights developed by or through
the medium of electricity to indicate the position of one or more trains or the
position of the movable mechanism along the line or at the stations. I arrange
these signals or lights in suitable positions and preferably control them partly or
entirely from the station or cabin Or I so arrange them as to be operated
automatically by the passing trains that is to say, I provide circuit makers in the
cabin under the control of the signalman which circuit makers may be so combined
with the automatically working circuit makers or signals as to check or control the
automatic working or maintenance of the signals
In constructing and arranging apparatus for the working of movable mechanism
upon railways I provide means whereby such apparatus will prevent the giving of
conflicting signals, or signals contrary to the actual position of other movable
mechanism with which the said signals are connected or combined or in conjunc-
tion with which they are employed In order to accomplish this result more

page_text: economically and efficiently than heretofore, I employ suitable apparatus operated
by electricity and I establish central stations at convenient places or positions
along the line and fix or install at such places or stations system of circuit makers
and breakers. I thus cause or effect the adjustment through the medium of
electricity of the movable mechanism placed along the line as efficiently as the
same is now accomplished through the agency of the ordinary system of inter-
locking levers that is to say I arrange a series of contact makers in the form of
push buttons, plugs, levers rotating shafts, cranks or the like in close proximity to
each other and combine the system of circuit makers through the medium of sliding
bars rocking shafts or the like. These movable pieces bars or plates are provided
with projections and recesses which fit into or over or engage with corresponding
projections recesses or detents formed upon or secured to some of the aforesaid
circuit makers or breakers or extensions thereof or parts moved thereby or combined
therewith for instance in applying this part of my invention to an ordinary station
where eight levers are required under the ordinary system there would be six
levers for the operation of signals and two for cross over roads. Instead of this
system of levers I provide circuit makers arranged in a box or frame and combined
on interlocked with each other through the medium of the aforesaid sliding bars
or rocking shafts or both so fitted and combined that the possibility of movement of
these circuit makers relatively to each other will be similar to that of the ordinary
system that is to say they cannot occupy conflicting positions relatively to each
other, therefore they cannot be caused to complete the circuit to permit a current
of electricity to be sent to the signals or other apparatus placed upon the line so as
to cause them to conflict with the position of the circuit makers or with each other.
In some cases I employ conductors from the main placed along the lines of railway
and through the medium of the said conductors combine the apparatus placed along
the lines with the aforesaid circuit makers.
It will be understood that although I have above specified the application of
my Invention to an ordinary station the most extensive system of signals and
number of lines which might conflict with each other can be operated and con-
trolled through the medium of the above described apparatus and means. Different
stations or sections of railway can be so combined as to prevent the sending of
trains over the lines in too close proximity to each other and any number of
signals can be operated over the longest lines or sections of railway or complicated
systems. Starting signals at different stations or both starting and home signals
can be operated from the station or block station in advance of the train. For
instance suppose a train is at station A, the signalman at station B can give the
signal at station A, for the engine-driver and in doing so must have his line clear
between such stations A, and B, that is to say, there cannot be a train on such
section and when desired a circuit to the signals can be made or broken; or the
circuit can be so controlled automatically as to prevent the giving of signals or
the movement of other mechanism along the line which might interfere with the
safe working of the traffic maliciously or inadvertently through some act of the
signalman. By such arrangement a perfect and absolute block system can be
obtained. It will be understood that fog or other signals can be placed at intervals
along the line and at any distance from the signal cabin and can be readily
operated and controlled by the means herein described.
In some cases I use an electric motor for the compression or forcing of air to
give audible signals along the line; this apparatus for producing sound may be
similar to a fog horn. The air may be forced into a chamber which is provided
with a check-valve and the outlet valve can be controlled by an electro-magnet
armature and circuit maker or a movable lever which will be acted upon by the
passing train. Or I may combine with the motor a fan or blower which will force
the air through the horn or tube in which a reed is placed This form of signal is
especially applicable as a fog signal and the circuit maker for operating it may be
combined with the other circuit maker in the signal box. Moreover exploding

page_text: signals can be placed upon the line and controlled through the medium of the
means and devices herein described.
In some cases I generate electricity for the special purpose of working the
appliances placed along the line and for lighting the stations or for distribution to
houses works roadways or other places I use for this purpose the apparatus
hereinbefore referred to; in all cases I preferably employ a storage battery apparatus
or system into which the electricity is conducted from the generator. When
dynamo or magneto electric machines are used I employ storage batteries accumu-
·lators or electric reservoirs placed in convenient positions for supplying the apparatus
along the line or any electrical appliances supplied from or included in the
system of distribution. A conductor or scries of conductors is led from such
storage system along the line of railway and I employ branches and sub branches
upon which I place accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazines
susceptible of being charged or revivified and from these réservoirs or magazines I
supply the electricity through conductors. leading to the electric motors the electro-
magnets and armatures or solenoids. the electric lamps or lighting apparatus (or any
of the same), which may be used along the line for signalling or other purposes and
through a system of conductors and subsidiary storage systems or electric reservoirs
I provide for distributing the electric, energy to houses places or works either in
connection with or independent of the railway.
I sometimes employ in connection with each motor electro-magnet and armature,
solenoid, electric lamp, or other apparatus or a series or group of them a storage
apparatus battery or system supplied from one or more generators at some station
or place; in other words. I conduct the electricity from one or more storage batteries
or reservoirs along the lines through one or more, conductors mains branches and
sub-branches with or without subsidiary stores or magazines of electricity.
I prefer to so place and connect the storage apparatus or system with the devices
through which, the electricity is to be translated as to make independent return
circuits or operate the movable mechanism or signals by completing the circuit
through a shunt branch or sub-branch conductor: I sometimes place upon this
branch or sub-branch a storage apparatus battery or accumulator and charge or
revivify the same from the generating battery or station through the medium of
a suitable conductor or conductors and lead from the storage battery accumulator
or tension regulating or converting devices in connection therewith a suitable
conductor or conductors to the electric lamp, motor, solenoid, electro-magnet and
armature or other devices in which electricity can be translated either into light,
heat, or motive power, or any of them, as may be suited or applied to the develop-
ment or working of signals or for the movement of other movable mechanism
placed along the line, this movable mechanism as will be understood being connected
or combined with such appliances as are suitable for the translation of the electric
energy: I provide for interrupting or completing the circuit or governing the supply
of electric energy from the storage system to the electric translating devices by
employing a circuit-maker or makers or devices in the conductor or conductors
extending to the translating devices. For this last named purpose I employ a ther-
mostat, electro-magnet and armature, solenoid, electric-motor or other suitable device
which has combined with it an adjustable resistance or circuit making device or
devices I lead a conductor or conductors from such circuit making devices to a central
place or station, say a signalman's box where I place a series of circuit-makers
which when moved into certain positions complete the circuit thereby causing a
current of electricity to be sent through the conductor or conductors to the electric
translating device or devices combined with the circuit-maker or resistance. I
sometimes employ one or more independent conductors leading from the storage
system or magazine and so construct or arrange my circuit-making devices as to
provide for reversing the current through the translating devices through the
medium of independent conductors. I am thereby enabled (for instance) to
control the operation of an electric motor so as to provide for the adjustment of the

page_text: apparatus in connection therewith into two distinct positions. I provide cut off
devices or mechanism which when the movement of any movable part or parts is
completed will interrupt the flow of electricity to the machine or apparatus for.
operating the said part or parts I provide for the use of a solenoid, electro-magnet
or other electric translating device and regulate the position of the apparatus and
reverse the movement of any part by constructing the solenoid, electro-magnet or
other apparatus of duplex form and I provide for breaking the circuit upon a
certain or determined movement of the apparatus or I may employ two electric
translating devices for such purposes and two electrical circuits or conductors. I'
employ a similar system of distribution for supplying electricity to conductors
placed along the line for conducting the electricity to the motors placed upon the
vehicles or trains and by suitably arranged circuit makers placed between the
storage system and the continuation of the conductor or conductors leading along
the line I am enabled to provide for cutting out or including any section of a con-
ductor or conductors along the line as may be desired either automatically or at
the will of the operator or both. I preferably lead from such circuit making device
a conductor to a circuit maker placed at a central station or in a signal-box or
cabin and combine such circuit makers with other circuit making devices arranged
at such central place or station so as to secure the proper relative working of the
entire apparatus or system. When I employ generating machines I lead the
electricity into an electric reservoir accumulator or battery or a series of the same
and I charge or revivify such battery, or other apparatus by dividing the charging
conductor or providing it with branches which lead to the different cells plates or
compartments of the battery or other apparatus so as to charge with a low resist-
ance. The cells or elements of the battery when coupled in series in the
discharging circuit regulate the electro-motive force of the current which is dis-
charged through special terminals connected with the mains or I employ large
reservoirs which I charge and regulate the electro-motive force by small apparatus
coupled in series.
I provide for conducting and distributing the electricity from such reservoirs
magazines or batteries through the medium of subsidiary reservoirs magazines
or batteries placed along the mains branches or sub-branches as above stated and
in some cases I charge or revivify such subsidiary apparatus with low resistance
as herein before stated.
:
It will be understood that through an adequate and well distributed system of
storage batteries or accumulators, I am enabled to provide for the use of electricity
at all times and at all places either in quantity or with high tension and the con-
ductors for the transmission of electricity need not be proportioned to the
consumption at any given hour or moment. The storage batteries magazines or
accumulators are proportioned to the use or special purpose or installation for which
they are to be employed and the conductors need simply perform the function of
keeping them supplied even though they may be constantly employed in doing so.
I sometimes so construct or arrange the reservoirs magazines or batteries at the
generating station or place as to be charged with a current of low tension and
provide for generating the electricity with the same view or end and regulate or
control its use as suited to any purpose for instance, I may charge or revivify a
battery or accumulator on an engine from an accumulator magazine or battery
placed along the line so as to provide for withdrawing the electricity from the
reservoir along the line and charging in quantity the reservoir or magazine placed
upon the train.
This method of working forms an important feature in my
apparatus or system as central stations or batteries can be employed at any point
or place and be worked or supplied as set forth and any number of electric reser-
voirs or magazines throughout the system may be charged in quantity or with a
current of high tension and discharged in quantity or with high tension. At the
same time any reservoir may be revivified or charged through the medium of a
light conductor extending to the generator or electric reservoir at some distant
part or place whilst the same reservoir may be supplying. a system of conductore

page_text: extending for miles in connection with which conductors any suitable number of
apparatus or electric reservoirs is employed for utilizing and translating electricity
into light heat or motive power of any of them either for use upon the railway or
for any industrial public or private use. These reservoirs or parts of the same or
parts arranged in connection therewith may be supplying a reservoir in a private
house where only one electric lamp is giving light or may be supplying or sustaining
an electric reservoir or magazine in a rolling mill where metals are being heated
through the agency of the electric current as they pass through the rolling or
shaping devices in fact the apparatus, system, method and means for distributing
and utilizing electricity for the operation of railways the lighting of houses the
movement of machinery in houses works or places and all other purposes or any
combination of them can be practically combined without any conflict in the
working of any part of the system. The same independence which is possible with
the electric engine and electric reservoir or magazine placed in connection there-
with is practicable for a given time in any part of the system. Such a system
renders possible the railway companies becoming the great distributors for the
supply of electricity not only for uses on their lines but for private and public
use along the same.
In utilizing water power for driving water wheels or turbines with which are
combined dynamo or magneto electric machines for producing electricity, I
preferably conduct the electricity thus generated into storage batteries reservoirs
or accumulators and lead therefrom electric conductors or mains to cities, towns,
places or works where suitable apparatus or devices are placed for translating the
electricity into light heat or motive power or any or all of the same.
In other
words I utilize the water reservoirs channels feeders or mains for supplying cities
towns works or places, as a source of motive power, and through the medium of
suitable turbines or water wheels generate electricity as the water flows from
elevated places. The armature or armatures of the electric generator may be
attached directly to the shaft of the turbine or water wheel or may be combined
there with through the medium of belting, gear wheels, frictional gearing or other-
wise. The electricity produced in the electric generators is conducted into a
storage system or reservoir or a series of them which are in communication with
auxiliary storage systems or reservoirs situated near the point or place where the
electricity is to be withdrawn or utilized. Or the prime storage system or
reservoir may be connected directly with the apparatus in which the electricity is
to be translated into light heat or motive power. Moreover in some cases I lead
the electricity generated by the machines and stored up in the prime storage
system or reservoir into or through one or more electro motive force convertors or
one or more accumulators or condensers for converting electricity of low tension
into electricity of high tension or vice versa. From this apparatus I lead suitably
insulated conductors mains branches and sub-branches to and through the streets,
highways, districts, furnaces works, mines, houses, railways, or places where
electric reservoirs or other apparatus or any combination of them can be supplied
with electricity so that the electricity can be translated into light heat or motive
power or any of them at some fixed or determined point as may be desired. I may
employ a source or reservoir of water on a hill mountain or other elevation. This
reservoir or source may be a natural one or may be constructed for the purpose.
From such reservoir, I lead a pipe or a series of pipes or channels suitably arranged
to conduct the water therefrom and at suitable places and distances apart upon the
said pipe pipes or channels I arrange a turbine or water wheel or a series of the
same. In combination with the said turbines or water wheels I arrange the
electric generating machines which I connect with the electric reservoir accumulator
or battery or a series of them. From these reservoirs, I conduct the electricity
through the main conductors branches, and sub-branches preferably to subsidiary
reservoirs or accumulators arranged in combination with the devices for translating
the electricity into light heat and motive power such as electric lamps, heaters,
electric motors or other apparatus

page_text: The said
To prevent any overcharging of the conductors I in some cases connect a series
of the reservoirs or accumulators with a main storage apparatus, or with a series of
such apparatus so that they may discharge their contents into the same.
main storage apparatus may be placed in a convenient position or positions nearer
to the place or places, where the electricity is to be utilized than the aforesaid
reservoirs. I preferably so proportion these reservoirs and the capacity of the
generating apparatus as to provide for the storage or utilization of the whole of the
electricity that can be produced by the generator or generators. By arranging a
series of turbines or water wheels and electric generators along a water main or
channel, I am enabled to utilize a great number of times the power of the same
quantity of water as it flows downward and at each successive apparatus or
installation, I abstract without cost other than the wear of the machinery the
energy in the form of electricity dependent upon the number of apparatus employed
and the head or force of the flow or fall of the water. From the electric reservoirs
or accumulators, I convey the electricity through a suitable conductor or conductors
to the conductor or conductors arranged along the lines of railway or to batteries
reservoirs or accumulators preferably arranged in close proximity to the said con-
ductor or conductors along the line as hereinafter described. From the said
conductor or conductors the electricity is taken up into electric reservoirs placed
upon the carriages wagons engines or trains through the medium of conductors or
circuit makers thereon.
In some cases I utilize the water passing through sewers for the generation of
electricity through the medium of a water-wheel or turbine or a series of the same
and an electric generator or a series of the same and conduct the electricity into
storage systems or reservoirs and translate the electricity into light heat and motive
power or any of them through the medium of suitable apparatus as berein
provided for.
In some cases I arrange in a pipe or channel or in a series of the same through
which water flows from a high to a low level a turbine or water wheel or a series
of the same which drives a machine or machines for generating electricity and I
conduct the electricity so generated into an electric reservoir or storage system
which through the medium of suitably insulated conductors with or without the
medium of subsidiary electric reservoirs accumulators or batteries, is placed in com-
munication with machinery for driving pumps or other apparatus by electricity.
For instance water may be pumped, through the agency of an electric motor or
series of the same from nines or low lands or places either for drainage or for
supplying water to works cities or places and as such water flows to such places
the energy is stored and utilized as set forth. It will be understood that the
electric energy thus obtained can be utilized in any desired place or position.
When I arrange a series of generating machines along a water channel or main
and if I desire to utilize the electricity at points or places at a distance from the
source of water or elevated water supply I provide electrical conductors or mains
which are decreased in section as they approach the same that is to say at each
generating apparatus placed along the main I increase the size of the conductors
when the electricity is conducted into a main conductor common to all or to a
series of generators or storage systems.
The conductors may extend from the aforesaid storage systems or reservoirs to
the various movable apparatus placed along the line such as signals switches and
crossings. These various appliances are operated through the medium of electric
motors electro-magnets or any combination of the same so as to provide for the
movement and control of the said movable apparatus by electricity.
I prefer to employ in connection with these apparatus electric reservoirs for
conserving the electricity and for regulating the electro motive force of the current
admitted to the apparatus.
In applying my Invention to a double line of railway I provide devices methods
and means for generating distributing and utilizing electricity for the propulsion
of the vehicle vehicles or trains and for controlling the traffic over the line or lines

page_text: as well as for other purposes in connection therewith or for which such system can
be rendered available. At the generating station I arrange suitable machinery
devices or means for generating supplying and distributing electricity. A con-
venient number of such stations may be arranged at suitable places or distances
apart along the line.
When I employ dynamo or magneto electric machines at such station or stations
I in some cases so construct such machines as to generate electricity in quantity or
with slight internal resistance within the machine, and conduct the electricity
generated into one or more accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or
magazines or I can employ a series of sets of the same that is to say I so construct
the reservoirs or connect them with the conductors communicating with the
electric generator or generators as to provide for charging or revivifying the
accumulators storage batteries reservoirs or magazines as herein provided for. In
other words the said accumulators storage batteries reservoirs or magazines are so
constructed and arranged as to enable one set or more of them to be charged by the
current produced by the generator or generators and are adapted to be connected in
tension series or otherwise with the discharging conductor or conductors the number of
elements coupled in series and connected with or included in the discharging circuit
regulate and define the electro motive force of the current transmitted through the
discharging circuit or conductor or conductors irrespective of the electro-motive
force of the current from the generator or generators. I lead the conductor or
conductors from the said accumulator storage battery reservoir or magazine or
some part or a series of the same or from a convertor or a series of the same along
the line of railway the said conductor or conductors being of such proportions as to
ensure the proper distribution of the electric energy preferably through the medium
of subsidiary accumulators storage batteries magazines or reservoirs which are of
such proportions as to provide for the conservation of the electric energy necessary
to supply the translating devices in connection therewith or other translating
devices or electric reservoirs supplied at intervals therefrom and are placed at
suitable intervals stations or places along the line or at stations or places communi-
cating therewith as herein provided for or described. One or more conductors
convey the electric energy to one or more of the said accumulators storage batteries
magazines or reservoirs so as to charge vivify or revivify the same and maintain a
sufficient supply or reserve of electric energy for the special purpose or use to
which it is to be applied that is to say the said accumulators storage batteries
magazines or reservoirs are of such proportions as to provide for holding in reserve
the electric energy at or near the place or places where it is to be withdrawn or
utilized and they consist of such a number of elements so connected combined or
arranged as to provide when placed or included in the discharging circuit or when
discharging for so regulating the tension of the current discharged therefrom as to
best suit the purpose for which such current is to be utilized or the discharge from
such reservoirs magazines or batteries may be regulated or controlled at the will of
the operator or automatically from one or more points or stations; the conductor or
conductors for discharging the said reservoirs magazines or batteries provide for
discharging with such increased- rapidity and with high or low tension dependent
upon the carrying capacity of the said discharging conductor or conductors."
Such method of distribution provides for the constant transmission of electric
energy through the conductor or conductors and as the electric energy is only
withdrawn from the accumulators storage batteries magazines or reservoirs at
intervals the latter provide for conserving or holding in reserve the electric energy
so as to provide for supplying electric energy in certain proportions and at such
place or places as it may be required independently of or in conjunction with the
electric energy which at any given time may be passing to or be transmitted
through the discharging conductor or conductors. It will be understood that the
minimum section of such conductor or conductors must be proportioned according
to the capacity of the reservoirs and the time allowed for charging recharging
vivifying or revivifying them or so as to restore to the said reservoirs the amount

page_text: of electric energy which at any time may be withdrawn therefrom. It will be
understood that I am thereby enabled to charge vivify or revivify any number of
electric reservoirs at different places and at short or long distances apart and to
transmit the electric energy over long lines of conductors of comparatively light
section and thereby to lessen the prime cost of the conductor or conductors for the
transmission of such electric energy.
t
'
I obviate lessen or minimize the difficulties of transmitting an electric current or
supply of electric energy to be utilized or translated by the electrical appliances on
or in connection with the vehicles wagons or trains for operation upon railway or
tramway lines by employing a well insulated conductor or conductors supported
upon poles or placed beneath the surface of the ground or otherwise suitably
arranged. These conductors extend from the generating source of electricity or
from the accumulator storage battery electric reservoir or magazine or some part or
series of them or from the converter or a series of them charged thereby, to the
accumulators storage batteries or electric reservoirs arranged at suitable places or
intervals along the line or so as to be in comparatively close proximity to the line
or lines or place or places where the electric energy is to be withdrawn or utilized.
From the elements or some part of the elements of these accumulators storage
batteries electric reservoirs or magazines I lead the conductors one or both of
which are arranged in such proximity to the lines of railway as to provide for the
transmission of electric energy to one or more or some part of one or more electric
reservoirs or devices for conserving or accumulating electric energy upon a wagon
vehicle or train when such reservoir or reservoirs or a part of the same is placed in
electrical communication with the reserve of electric energy along the line or at
some fixed point or station
I sometimes employ one or more circuit makers which are so arranged that they
can be placed in contact with the said conductor or conductors extending from or
communicating with the elements of the accumulator storage battery electric
reservoir or magazine or of the battery or the convertor or with one or more of the
reservoirs and one or more electric generators that is to say the elements of one or
more accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazines placed upon
the wagon vehicle or train and the electric motor or motors or other translating
devices thereon or the reservoirs themselves only can be placed in communication
with the elements which conserve or hold electric energy in reserve along or
adjacent to the line through the medium of one or more conductors and circuit
making or completing devices or means.
By arranging the aforesaid accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or
magazines at suitable distances apart along the line and extending from the
elements thereof the conductor or conductors I provide for the use of comparatively
short sections of such conductors for supplying the electric energy to the motor or
motors on the vehicle or vehicles of for charging vivifying or revivifying the
reservoirs or magazines placed thereon.
I in some cases so construct the accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs
or magazines as to provide for charging or revivifying the same with a low
resistance and I provide for utilizing the electricity from such reservoirs either with
high or low tension that is to say the tension of the currents transmitted or
discharged from the said reservoirs or magazines irrespective of the tension of the
current from the generating and prime storage source or either of them.
In order to provide for the charging of the accumulators electric reservoirs or
magazines upon the wagon vehicle or train I construct and arrange the elements
thereof in such relation to the elements of the reservoir or reservoirs by which the
electric energy is conserved or held in reserve along the line that the tension of the
current transmitted from the elements of the reservoirs will overcome the resistance
of the elements of the electric reservoir or reservoirs placed upon the train that is
to say the number of elements or pairs of the reservoir or reservoirs coupled in
series and connected with the discharging circuit or the conductor or conductors
exceeds the number of elements coupled in series upon the train placed in electrical

page_text: connection with the charging elements along the line or in other words I provide
for the tension of the current transmitted from the conserving or storing devices
being in all cases sufficient to overcome the resistance of the elements on the wagon
vehicle or train to be charged..
When I employ conductors extending a considerable distance along the line I so
connect them with any one or more of the accumulators the storage batteries
electric reservoirs or magazines as to provide for such a decrease increase or
regulation of the electro motive force of the current as may be desired or is best
suited for the purpose for which it is to be employed This arrangement provides
for the charging of long sections of a conductor or conductors either for direct
translation through the medium of electric motors or other apparatus placed upon
the train or for the charging of electric reservoirs placed thereon. Such electric
reservoirs practically serve the same purpose relatively to the translating devices
placed upon the wagon vehicle or train as the subsidiary reservoirs placed upon
the line or elsewhere do to the translating devices which they supply as herein set
forth.
I sometimes employ a circuit maker which is connected or combined with the
armature of an electro magnet, the core of a solenoid or an electric motor or other
electric device for making or breaking the circuit between the reservoir or magazine
and the extension of the conductor or conductors. This circuit maker can be
controlled through the medium of a circuit maker arranged in close proximity
thereto or at some distant point place or station so that the said conductor or
conductors will only be charged when the last named circuit-maker occupies, or is
adjusted into a certain or defined position. Under this arrangement there will be
no loss or discharge of electric energy through the conductor or conductors except
when the wagon vehicle or train is passing over the same or when at the will of
the operator the circuit is completed between the reservoir and the said conductor
or conductors It will be understood that by charging or revivifying the magazine
or reservoir or a series of them upon the wagon vehicle or train I can dispense with
conductors extending throughout the entire length of the line and by providing
reservoirs at the stations or at intervals along the line I am enabled to charge the
conserving accumulating or storing devices upon the wagon vehicle or train when
the latter is in motion or when stationary or both and in proportion to the electric
energy conserved while such train is stationary or in motion or both I can diminish
the length of the conductors or sections along the line thereby obviating the
difficulties of insulation hitherto accompanying the construction and working of
electrical railways.
By charging vivifying or revivifying the electric magazine or reservoir or a series
of the same placed upon the wagon vehicle or train from the conductor or
conductors or extensions from the elements of the clectric reservoirs batteries or
accumulators at the stations or other places along the line I am enabled to provide
for a reserve of power or electric energy upon the wagon vehicle or train so that
the same may be propelled moved or operated without the reservoir or appliances
upon the train being in circuit constantly with the source or reserve of electricity
or the conductor or conductors extending therefrom along the line I am thereby
enabled to avoid the use of electrical switches and crossings and also to obviate
the placing of an uninsulated or partially uninsulated conductor or conductors
along the surface of the ground or across roadways or the like and to lessen
friction between the contact or circuit makers and the conductor or conductors
along the line.
I am also enabled by the employment of a reservoir magazine or accumulator or
devices for conserving or holding in reserve the electric energy upon the wagon
vehicle or train to better provide for the distribution of the electric energy to the
various wheels of a vehicle or to the different vehicles of a train and thereby
obviate if desired the necessity for the use of heavy electric engines. For this
purpose I employ such a number of conductors or a number of branches from the
main conductor as may be necessary to conduct the electricity to the different

page_text: motors placed upon the train. I preferably employ two sets or series of conductors
to provide for the reversal of the current through the electric motors which can be
coupled up in series in multiple arc or in multiple series. When a series of vehicles
are to be combined I provide coupling devices such as spring clips or screw
couplings for uniting the conductors. It will be understood that these conductors
are necessarily properly insulated and are carried to a circuit maker or a series of
them arranged in a convenient position to be operated by the driver or attendant
on the train. The conductors leading from the elements of the electric reservoir
also extend to such circuit making device or devices and are so arranged or
combined therewith as to provide for the breaking of the circuit and for the
reversal of the current through the motors as may be necessary in the working
of the traffic
By employing electric reservoirs or magazines along the line and at or between
stations along such line or both I am enabled to provide for charging vivifying or
revivifying the magazines upon the wagon vehicle or train with electricity of high
or low tension without loss of time or detention of such train and conserve sufficient
electric energy upon the train while the same is stopping the ordinary length of
time at a station or as it may be running or both to provide for the development of
light and heat upon a wagon vehicle or train through the medium of electricity as
well as for the development of motive power or the application of brake power or
any or all of them. That is to say I employ generating apparatus and reservoirs
or magazines of electricity placed at suitable intervals or parts along the line to
provide for holding in reserve such an amount of electrical energy as may be
necessary for any or all of the aforesaid purposes.
I can employ a generating apparatus at the stations or other places and convey
the electric energy through one or more conductors (with insulated or uninsulated
return conductors or with return by earth) to electric magazines or reservoirs
arranged at a station or different stations or places and I can employ thermo or
dynamo or magneto apparatus or other devices or means for producing or generating
electricity but in all cases I conserve the electric energy near the place or places
where it is to be withdrawn or utilized. The electric reservoir or magazine therefore
conserves or holds in reserve the electric energy at the place or places where it is
needed and the elements thereof can be charged by currents of high tension;
utilize the storage reservoirs or magazines as regulators of tension and discharge
the electricity from them through conductors which in section or carrying capacity
are proportioned to the tension of the current discharged or the quantity of electric
energy needed either of high or low tension or I may say in accordance with the
resistance or power of the battery or the number of elements coupled in series I
proportion the minimum amount of metal in the conductor or conductors consti-
tuting the means for discharging the said magazines accumulators or reservoirs along
the line and for charging the magazines upon the vehicles or trains.
I sometimes employ a converter which is combined or arranged in conjunction
with the electric reservoir or magazine or a series of them or with the electric
generator or generators. This apparatus consists of a number of elements coupled
in series or other suitable devices. Such devices are so connected or combined with
the discharging terminals or extensions from the elements of the reservoir or
magazine or the generator or generators as to be charged thereby and the tension
of the current to be transmitted is thereby increased decreased or regulated. For
instance if the reservoir should consist of only a small number of elements coupled
in series or coupled for quantity by discharging into the converter the tension of the
current will be increased in proportion to the number of the elements in the series
or if the electric energy from the reservoir be discharged through an induction coil
plate or part or a series of them the tension of the current will be regulated
according to the construction of the coil or the extent of inducing surface or part.
In order to provide for the utilization of the electric energy upon the train I
lead from the elements of the electric reservoir or magazine a conductor or con-
ductors as herein before described and I regulate the tension of the current for use

page_text: upon the train through the medium of the number of the elements coupled in series
or through the medium of a converter or converters as set forth that is to say
employ apparatus or means for converting or regulating the tension of the currents
irrespective of the tension of the current or electric discharge from the conductor
conductors or electric magazine or magazines arranged along the line.
I sometimes conduct the electricity from the reservoir or reservoirs or the electro
motive force converter through suitable conductors arranged at or leading to the
side of the line to an accumulator reservoir magazine or battery or a series of the
same arranged in such proximity to the line as to supply the electrical appliances
apparatus or electric reservoirs placed upon the wagons vehicles or trains when the
latter are stationary. The connection between such devices upon the train and the
said accumulator reservoir magazine or battery may be effected through the medium of
a flexible conductor or conductors or a hinged or telescopic conductor or conductors.
The movable circuit maker or makers for placing the electric reservoirs or electrical
appliances on a wagon vehicle or train in communication with the conductor or
conductors may be constructed in a somewhat similar manner When I desire to
utilize the electricity produced as set forth for translation into light heat or motive
power or any of them for industrial public or private use as well as for railway
purposes I connect with one or more of the accumulators reservoirs magazines
conservers of electricity or batteries mains branches and sub-branches and in some
cases provide an automatic cut off or some other switching device or devices for
preventing the passage of the electricity back through the conductor or conductors
communicating with the main or other storage systems and I sometimes provide
for charging one magazine or part of the same while I am discharging from another
magazine or part thereof as herein provided for. Or the mains inay be connected
with the battery or a series of them or with the electro motive force converter I
preferably connect the aforesaid branches with or place thereon storage batteries
accumulators or electric reservoirs which may practically become a part of the
system of distribution for maintaining the supply; the electric lamps for street
lighting purposes are preferably arranged in derived circuit from the mains, or in
subsidiary conductors or in an independent conductor leading from the storage
system or systems. From the mains suitable branch circuits extend into the houses
or buildings these branch circuits being preferably provided with accumulators or
storage batteries and with apparatus for measuring and recording the electricity
supplied.
I sometimes employ storage batteries accumulators or electric reservoirs or other
devices for conserving or holding in reserve the electric energy in connection with
each lamp or series of lamps so as to regulate the supply of electric energy to the
latter and in some cases provide for charging such reservoirs with a minimum
resistance and obtain the electro-motive force derived from an electro-motive force
converter or a condenser or other suitable apparatus connected or combined there-
with or I provide for such result by or through the resistance between a single pair
of cells.
In applying my Invention to a manufactory on a branch circuit from the main
I provide the said manufactory with a prime reservoir for supplying the same
with electricity to be translated into light heat or motive power through the
medium of suitable apparatus arranged in the said manufactory, also with a
converter or apparatus through which the electricity is conducted from the prime
reservoir to the translating devices with or without the medium of subsidiary
storage systems or both storage systems and converters. Also with an electric
motor; the electric energy admitted to this motor is regulated through the medium
of suitable devices. In order to provide for the heating of metal prior to or during
its passage through rolls, I preferably provide independent electric reservoirs or
lead the current directly from the prine reservoir into another reservoir adjacent
to the rolls or to a series of such reservoirs and provide for distributing and
regulating the electricity passing through the metal to be heated according to its
bulk or area in cross section and dependent upon the degree of heat to which it

page_text: is desired the metal should be brought. I may provide electric heaters for heating
or warming the building or for other purposes. At various parts of the said
building incandescent or arc lamps or both may be arranged. A meter or apparatus.
for measuring and recording the electricity supplied to the manufactory or building
may also be provided.
I provide for charging or revivifying the elements of the accumulators storage
batteries electric reservoirs or magazines upon one or more of the vehicles when
stationary or in motion or both by the employment of one or more circuit makers
or cut off devices arranged and adapted to complete an electrical circuit with the
elements of the electric reservoirs accumulators or batteries placed upon the vehicle
or train such circuit making device or devices being so arranged as to complete
the circuit through the conductor or conductors extending from the electric
reservoir or reservoirs placed along the line or otherwise suitably located at
stations or elsewhere.
I sometimes employ an electric reservoir or magazine which may be placed upon
a wagon vehicle or train and whose elements are so connected with the conductors
as to adapt them to be charged vivified or revivified by a current of high or low
tension from the elements where electric energy is conserved or held in reserve
along the line as herein provided for
When I employ a series of such reservoirs or magazines placed upon a truck
or frame work, the said reservoirs or magazines may be charged from the reservoirs
or magazines as herein provided for. I regulate or govern the electro motive force
of the current for use upon the train either through the medium of an electro
motive force regulator which may consist of such a number of elements coupled
in series as will provide for this result or through the medium of other suitable
apparatus I may either couple up in series the different elements plates or parts
of the prime storage battery or accumulator or may employ a series of independent
accumulators or reservoirs which are charged or revivified from the prime reservoir
or magazine first or directly charged or revivified from the generating source or
magazine.
I employ a circuit making device for connecting the elements of one or more
accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazines upon a wagon
vehicle or train with the conductor or conductors and reservoirs placed along
the line. The Circuit munker may consist of shoes or plates hinged so that
they may be raised from or depressed into contact with the conductors through
the medium of a connection capable of being operated by the engine driver guard
or other attendant Portions which form a continuation of the shoe constitute
an extension of the elements or conductors of the storage battery accumulator
reservoir or magazine or a series of the same In order to provide for a perfect
contact or prevent firing at the hinge or joint I sometimes employ a liquid or
lubricant or oil.
I sometimes employ circuit making devices wherein the shoes are adapted to be
moved or to slide within or against suitable supports or guides formed on the
arms or parts. The stems of the said Shoes are provided with extensions or legs
which extend and fit into sockets or parts formed in the arms or parts In these
sockets I sometimes place a suitable liquid or lubricant which will ensure the
closing of the circuit between the parts and at the same time prevent firing.
I sometimes employ a wheel or roller in place of the shoe for effecting com-
munication between the conductor or conductors and the electric reservoirs
accumulators or batteries placed upon the wagon vehicle or train The circuit
makers may be brought in contact with two conductors one at least of these
conductors being necessarily insulated from the earth. I prefer however to employ
for. the completion of the circuit an insulated conductor and utilize oue of tho
rails of the line as a return conductor or to make a return by earth. I can for
this purpose employ a single circuit maker and make return through the wheels
to the rails or to earth, or I complete the circuit through the wheels to the
clements of the electric reservoir or reservoirs upon the wagon vehicle or train

page_text: The adjustable circuit-making device in charge of the engine driver or attendant
would in this case not be required to be placed in contact with the conductor or
conductors along the line as sections of one or more of the lines of rails can be
insulated and adapted to be placed in connection with the elements of the
reservoirs or any combination of them where electric energy is held in reserve.
The wheels themselves in this instance will provide for completing the circuit
when suitably insulated from other parts of the machinery or from the earth
I may however employ for a conductor an ordinary rail or plate insulated from
the earth in any preferred manner. I sometimes employ two conductors or plates
insulated from each other and adapted to be arranged along the line for the circuit
makers to be brought into contact with.
The Electric motor may be mounted upon a shaft independent of the shafts
of the driving wheels of the engine This shaft is provided with friction wheels
which run in contact with an annular flange or drum formed on or attached to
the said driving wheels. The friction of these wheels upon the driving wheels
may be increased or decreased by mounting the shaft of the friction wheel in
adjustable bearings and providing suitable means for the adjustment of the same.
The said shaft may be supported upon a framing resting upon or supported by the
axles of the driving wheels and has fitted upon it an armature which may be of
any suitable construction. I prefer to employ an armature of large diameter and
to arrange the magnets so as to operate mostly or entirely upon the sides of the
said armature or over both the periphery and the sides of the same, the circuit
being completed to the said armature through the medium of commutators or
rings or enlargements upon the axle or shaft of the friction wheel. I may employ
a series of commutators mounted upon an adjustable or reversible holder so as to
provide for the reversal of the motion of the engine This apparatus can be under
the control of the engine driver guard or attendant through the medium of suitable
devices operated by the electric current and a circuit maker or reverser or solely
by mechanical means
The current is admitted from one or more or some part of one or more of the
reservoirs accumulators or magazines or to and regulated by a number of elements
coupled in series or by other apparatus which will govern or regulate the electro
motive force or tension of the current and by means of the conductor or conductors
extending from such devices to the electric motor or motors and other devices
I provide for propelling impeding arresting or reversing the motion of the train
through the medium of circuit inakers under the control of the driver guard or
other attendant.
I sometimes employ an armature mounted directly upon the shaft or axle of
the driving wheels and adjacent to the magnets placed on each side of the said
armature These magnets may if desired cover or partially cover the periphery
of the said armature as well as the sides of the same The current is admitted
to the armature in a similar manner to that hereinbefore described. The said
magnets are supported upon a bed plate which is combined with the framing
resting upon the axles.
I sometimes employ two armatures mounted upon the driving wheels as herein
described the magnets being arranged at the sides thereof and mounted upon
a framing supported upon the axles. The circuit to these armatures is completed
through commutators, collectors, or circuit makers arranged between the said
annatures. The said magnets may have a horse shoe or other form and may be
so arranged that their greatest length will be parallel or in the line of the axle
or will extend transversely to such line When I arrange them transversely
to such line the polar extremities may extend beyond and be supported by
the axles of two or more sets of wheels Or such magnets may be used in
connection with a series of armatures placed upon or supported by the different
pairs of wheels.
For circuit makers I employ an adjustable tapered piece for varying the
height of a liquid or for varying the distance of the said piece from another piece

page_text: or part and consequently varying the resistance in the circuit. The casing which
encloses the said parts is preferably formed of or lined with insulating material and
the adjustable piece when brought close to or in contract with the stationary piece
provides for completing the circuit with a minimum resistance. The said adjustable
piece may be composed of carbon or carbon combined or covered with metal. Lead
may however be used for such purpose It will be understood that instead of making
the said parts tapered they may be formed with concave and convex surfaces or
they may have flat surfaces adapted to slide in contact with or adjacent to each
other or to be separated from each other.
I sometimes employ a compound form of circuit maker adapted to vary limit or
define the amount of current passing to the electric motors or other translating
devices. This circuit maker also enables the current through the electric motor or
motors to be regulated. A series of such circuit makers may be so arranged and
combined as to provide for regulating or reversing and regulating the current,
admitted to a series of motors thereby controlling the speed and the direction of
motion of the vehicles. The said circuit maker may consist of a movable plate
adapted to be brought in contract with one or more of the conductors secured in or
attached to a suitable base or frame of insulating material and communicating with
the electric motors or other translating devices. The said plate may be actuated
by a button or by a lever which may be manipulated by hand or controlled through
the medium of the electric current when suitable electric translating devices are so
combined with the same as to transmit motion to the movable plate or part of the
said circuit making device.
It will be understood that each one of the terminals or conductors can
communicate with a separate electric motor or other translating device or a series
of these terminals or conductors may extend to each electric motor or translating
device It will also be understood that when the circuit maker is moved into such
a position as to complete the circuit to a motor or a series of them say through the
medium of one set of Conductors the current can be sent in one direction so as to
propel the waggon vehicle or train in one direction and when the circuit maker is
adjusted into such a position as to complete the circuit through the medium of the
other set of Conductors the current will be sent through the latter so as to propel
the wagons vehicles or train in the reverse direction. When the said circuit maker
is in such a position as to break the circuit through the sets of Conductors there is
no electricity admitted to the motor or motors or other translating device or
devices. The return circuit to the reservoir or reservoirs on the train is preferably
completed through the circuit making device to the negative plates or elements of
the said Reservoir or reservoirs where the electric energy is stored or conserved
and from which the electric energy is being utilized on the wagon vehicle or
train.
"
To indicate the number of the Conductors included in the circuit at any
particular time I provide an index or pointer which in the movement of the
plate passes over a dial suitably graduated according to the number of the con-
ductors leading to the motors or translating devices or according to the number
of the Conductors placed in the circuit extending to a single motor or translating
device. A conductor extends from the positive element or part of the electric
reservoir magazine or battery or the convertor or regulator charged thereby or
in connection therewith It will be understood that the circuit may be completed
to the negative element or part of the said reservoir magazine battery or converter
on the wagon vehicle or train or on the line by a return conductor or by earth or
through the wheels of the vehicle or vehicles and the line of rails or through special
circuit makers in contact with the rails or conductors along the line
By placing in the circuit between the electric reservoir or magazine and the
circuit making device under the charge of the Engine Driver or attendant another,
circuit making breaking or reversing device and combining with such device an
electro magnet solenoid or electric motor and leading from the same a conductor or
conductors to the guard's van of the train where I place suitable circuit inaking

page_text: devices and a store of electricity I provide for interrupting the current through
the motors or for reversing such current Or instead of reversing the current
through the motors, such circuit making devices under the control of the Guard or
such as may be placed in various compartments of the Train may be employed for
the transmission of the electric current to suitable electro magnets solenoids or
electric motors which are connected or combined with brake blocks in such a
manner as to provide for the application of the brakes to the wheels or axles
or the rails of the line and at the same time to interrupt through the medium
of a suitable circuit breaker or a resistance the passage of the electric current to
the electric motor or motors employed for propelling the wagon vehicle or train
In order to provide for the stoppage of a vehicle or vehicles in case of the severance
of one part of the train from another, I provide for the transmission of the current
to electric apparatus so that the brakes will be applied directly through the agency
of such electric current For this purpose I employ a subsidiary reservoir or
battery upon each vehicle the transmission of the electric current from such
reservoir or battery being prevented by means of an adjustable piece which
regulates the resistance or prevents the passage of the current when the wagons or
vehicles are coupled together When the latter become detached a weight or spring
acts upon the said adjustable piece so that the same will be caused to complete the
circuit to the electrical appliances for operating the breaks
In order to provide for converting electricity generated or stored in quantity I
sometimes employ a condenser or a series of them These condensers may be
arranged in connection with the elements of the reservoirs or magazines placed
along the line of railway or at other places where it is desirable to provide a
reserve of electric energy the condenser or condensers being of such proportions as
to allow of such a discharge of electricity from the reservoir as may be suited to
the special use or application of the said condenser or condensers and also provide
for discharging the contents of the reservoir with uniformity and with such
tension of current as may be desired. I can thus provide for the transmission of
the electric current for long distances and I provide for the reconversion of the
current into quantity through the medium of electric reservoirs magazines or
batteries or other devices as set forth arranged at or near the place where the
electricity is to be translated for the purposes of light heat or motive power on
lines of railway tramway lines wagons vehicles or elsewhere as described or the
condensers may be used upon the wagons vehicles or trains either to serve
the purpose of electric reservoirs or to be combined therewith as regulators of
tension.
In order to provide for charging the elements of the electric reservoirs, magazines,
batteries or accumulating devices where electric energy is to be conserved or hell
in reserve. I employ switching devices adapted and arranged in such a manner
as to provide for charging one set or part of the reservoirs accumulators or
When such
magazines while the other set or part thereof is being discharged.
arrangement is employed on an engine vehicle or train one part of the apparatus
holds in reserve electric energy to provide for supplying the electric motors for
propelling the wagon vehicle or train while the other part or parts of the reservoir
is being charged. At intervals or until it shall become fully charged such part can
be automatically or otherwise disconnected from the charging conductor and placed
in circuit so as to supply the electric energy to the electric motor, motors, subsidiary
electric magazines accumulators or reservoirs or parts of the apparatus placed upou
the wagon, vehicle or train. The other parts not charged will then in turn
become charged.
I can employ a series of these magazines operating in this
manner that is to say in a manner which is somewhat similar in practical working
to the introduction of steam into the cylinder of an engine the circuit makers or
commutators acting as a cut-off. The tension of the current is regulated as herein
explained or through the medium of suitable condensers accumulators induction
coils or the extent of conducting charging or inducing surface or the number of the
elements coupled in series in the discharging circuit,

page_text: I sometimes employ a switching or circuit making and breaking device or
devices placed upon the wagon vehicle or train and so adapted to and combined
with the conductors leading from the elements or some part of the magazines or
reservoirs where electric energy is conserved accumulated or held in reserve to the
adjustable device for completing the circuit with the conductor or conductors placed
along the line, as to provide for alternately directing the currents into the
respective reservoirs, or magazines or any combination of them placed upon the
train.
The switching device or devices may also provide the means for completing the
circuit from the reservoirs alternately to a subsidiary reservoir magazine or a series
of them which may also be provided with switching devices. These switching
devices can be operated through the medium of electric motors, solenoids, electro-
magnets, and the electric current or the said switching devices may be actuated
by or geared with the driving wheels or be operated by the engine driver or
attendant.
It will be understood that the switching or circuit making devices can be of
duplex or of such compound form as may be desired so as to provide the charging
such a number of parts or elements or series of the same as may be desired.
I employ in connection with a double line of rails, electric reservoirs in proximity
to the line and the connections therefrom to the conductor or conductors arranged
between the rails, as hereinbefore set forth. It will be understood that theso
conductors may be the rails of the track suitably insulated. The said conductors
preferably extend in sections along the line. In order to provide for charging and
discharging the reservoirs in such a manner that one reservoir is being discharged
whilst the other reservoir is being charged vivified or revivified, I employ a duplex
or compound cut-off or circuit-maker arranged between the reservoirs and the
charging conductor or conductors. When the circuit is completed between two
parts of the circuit one of the reservoirs will be completed and the circuit to the
other reservoir will be broken by the interruption of the circuit between two other
parts. The movements of the parts may be effected through the medium of a
magnet and armature the circuit to the said magnet being broken at certain times
or periods and for the desired length of time. An extension from the movable
parts of the circuit-makers may be so arranged as to accomplish this result.
The electro magnet or the electric appliance used in lieu thereof is preferably
placed in a branch circuit from the main conductor or conductors or in independent
circuits.
I sometimes provide a reservoir composed of plates or conductors which may be
forined of lead charcoal or other suitable material or of an alloy. And the said
plates may be perforated or otherwise and can be coated or impregnated with any
suitable conserving material for instance the oxides or salts of lead or other metal
or such plates or conductors may support or be composed of metallic oxides or salts
either alone or mixed with other materials for rendering the conserving material
more porous or for lessening the internal resistance of the reservoir.
In order to prevent the possibility of short circuiting between the plates
I employ layers of granulated non-conducting material or a material which will
provide for the electrical separation of the said plates. Such material may consist
of broken glass, asbestos or even other materials of greater conductivity but
having less conductivity than the plates or parts. The series of these parts may bo
so coupled as to be charged in quantity or with low resistance or with a current of
low electro-motive force. It will be understood that this reservoir or magazine
may be of any size or dimensions according to the purpose for which it is to be
employed that is to say the said reservoir may form one or both of the batteries for
holding in reserve the electric energy either for the purpose of charging the
conductors along the line or for other purposes. Such reservoir or magazine is also
applicable for use upon the wagons vehicles or trains. I may provide an electric
reservoir with an extended surface of conducting material surrounded or partly
surrounded by a mass of suitable conserving material, for instance, I may employ.

page_text: the oxides or salts of lead or other metals either alone or mixed with good or bad
conducting material such as filings or scraps of metal, carbon, saw dust, glass or
other materials for the purpose of lessening the internal resistance of the reservoir.
These plates or conductors are coiled folded placed or stretched within the box
which is preferably formed of or lined with insulating material and the material
for conserving the electric energy surrounds either entirely or partially the said
parts in other words such conserving material may be simply thrown into place and
is supported in position by the walls of the reservoir. The aforesaid parts may be
composed partially or entirely of scraps or filings of good conducting material.
The conductors communicating with the two parts of the reservoir provide for
charging or revivifying the elements of the said reservoir. It will be understood
that the same or independent terminals may be used for charging and discharging.
Extensions or parts of the elements are so arranged as to provide for varying the
resistance of the magazine or battery at pleasure or as may be suited at any time
to the work being done for instance supposing such reservoir should serve the same.
purpose or purposes as either of the reservoirs above mentioned either as primary
or subsidiary reservoirs by decreasing the resistance of the magazine, I am enabled
to charge with any rapidity or so to speak with any quantity of current or with
any tension of current or I may reverse this and charge or discharge with any
tension or quantity or rapidity. For instance if the conductors or terminals of the
reservoir or magazine should be in the circuit with the conductor from the
generating source or from the conductors extending from the elements of some
other reservoir by means of an adjustable plate say of glass arranged to be operated
between the conductors or parts of the elements which extend into a suitable
liquid say acidulated water; I am enabled to provide for varying the resistance of
the magazine as may be desired. I can charge the magazine with a quantity of
current and of high or low tension; when the reservoir is charged or at certain
periods the resistance can be varied so as to regulate the discharge of the current
from the magazine.
I sometimes provide a plunger for causing the displacement of the liquid between
the plates; this liquid can be mercury or any good conductor. In such a case the
said plates must be coated with some insulating material say shellac, silicate of
soda or in fact any suitable substance. Such a construction constitutes practically
a condenser with a variable resistance placed between the elements of the magazine.
By connecting the circuit makers or cut offs of a series of electric magazines as
above described with the devices for operating or causing this variation or
regulation of the resistance with a circuit maker or cut off either of simple or
compound form it will be understood that the conversion of the current from
quantity to tension may be effected or vice versa automatically or the charging or
discharging of the reservoir will be regulated as may be desired In other words
the reservoir of almost any dimensions can be constructed with a nominal resistance
and the automatic variation of the resistance and the cut off will provide for the
charging of the magazines without loss of energy and with any tension or quantity
of current dependent upon the size or capacity of the conductors
The elements or parts of the magazines for holding the covering medium may be
in the form of boxes. The distance of these boxes apart regulates the resistance
and the space between the boxes may be filled with insulating material as hercin-
before described or the boxes may be coated with an insulating paint or varnish or
a thin layer of paper or other suitable material. Under this last construction the
boxes may be packed in close proximity to each other. The parts can be coupled
for quantity or in series as herein described.
I sometimes employ a circuit making and breaking device from which I lead a
conductor to some set or determined place or station from which the electric
current can be transmitted through such conductor. I am thereby enabled to place
the conductor extending along the line in circuit with the electric reservoirs or
magazines. Any section or length of the conductor extending along the line can
thus. be thrown into the circuit with the reservoir or source of electricity. so that

page_text: the reservoirs or magazines upon the wagon vehicle or train can be charged or
revivified with a current of high or low tension or so that the electric energy
can be transmitted to the electric motors upon the train. It will be understood
from the above description that I can provide at any generating station or place
for regulating the tension of the current independent of the tension of the current
generated and that I provide for charging in quantity while I may discharge with
tension or vice versa and such method or process is applicable for charging the
reservoirs or magazines on the train or for other purposes or I can transmit the
electric energy to any place station house works or to a wagon vehicle or train
either stationary or in motion and convert or regulate the tension of the current
irrespective of the tension of the current transmitted.
Figures 1, 1, and 1b, represent in diagrammatic view an apparatus or system of
electrical distribution in which I provide for the conservation of electric energy at
one or more points places or stations in such a manner as to provide a reserve of
electric energy and render the consumption of electric energy in one or more dis-
charging or working circuits of the system independent of the generation or storago
of electric energy at a given time or for a predetermined length of time in one or
more branches sub-brances charging or discharging circuits adapted to be supplied
constantly or intermittently from a generating source or sources with or without
devices or means for conserving electricity at the generating station or in the main
charging circuit or with or without devices or means for regulating the electro-
motive-force or tension of the current in one or more main charging circuits
independent of the generating device or devices at the generating station or stations
and with devices or means in one or more branches or connections with the main
charging circuit at one or more stations or places at which are arranged a set group
or series of devices adapted to provide for conserving or storing electric energy and
having their elements connected or combined or adapted to be connected or com-
bined at a central point station or place in such a manner that one or more sets
groups or series of electric reservoirs at one or more stations or places are adapted
to provide for the accumulation or storage either partially or entirely of the energy
transmitted through the electrical circuit from one or more dynamo or magneto
electric machines or other generating source or sources with or without storing
accumulating regulating and converting devices at such generating source or sources
or in the charging circuit extending to distant stations. The charging circuit or
circuits is or are adapted to be connected with the accumulating device or devices
and the discharging circuits from such device or devices are connected or combined
or adapted to be connected or combined through the medium of a system of
switches and circuit-making devices for connecting or disconnecting some or all of
the circuits at each station and for making or breaking the series of circuits to or
from the devices or means for conserving or storing electric energy so as to provide
for regulating the force of the current in the discharging or working circuit or
circuits as suited to the translating devices in such circuit or circuits or to the use
for which the current is designed to be employed irrespective of the force of the
current in the main charging circuit.
In order to provide a reserve of electric energy at one or more stations in an
electrical systein of distribution or to provide for regulating the force of the current
in independent discharging circuits as may be suited to the use for which the
current may be employed or to the translating device or devices adapted to be
operated in such circuits or to provide for charging in quantity or discharging in
tension series or vice versa I sometimes employ devices or means as shown in plan
in Figure 2 that is to say I provide one or more charging circuits a from one or
more dynamo or magneto electric machines or other devices for developing or pro-
ducing an electric current in the said circuit or circuits a which is adapted to be
brought into electrical communication with one or more sets groups or series of
devices b for conserving (at one or more stations points or places) electric energy
through the medium of a series of switching or circuit making devices c, of simple
or, compound construction so as to provide for making and breaking the series of

page_text: circuits to or from the devices or means b, for conserving or storing electric energy
in order to regulate the force of the current in the discharging or working circuit
or circuits d so as to be suited to the translating device or devices in such circuit
or circuits or to the use for which such current or currents is or are designed to be
employed and irrespective of the force of the current in the main charging circuit a. I
have shewn a series of these circuit making devices c adapted to provide for the supply
of electric energy in a series of independent circuits & or adapted to provide for the
devices b being charged with a current of high or low tension transmitted through
the charging circuit a or so as to provide for varying the force of the current in
the discharging circuits and for one part set group or series of the devices b being
connected in the charging circuit a with an electrical circuit completed by earth or
otherwise to the generating device or devices while some other part set group or
series of the devices 6 is connected or adapted to be connected with one or more
discharging circuits d (by an insulated conductor and earth or by an insulated
circuit) provided with devices or means in some part of such circuit or circuits
or any or all of them for translating electric energy into light heat or motive
power with or without conserving devices adapted to be vivified or revivified from
such discharging circuit or circuits and with or without devices or means for
including in one or more of such electrical circuits some part of an electrical system
or apparatus forming part of the equipment of a wagon tramcar vehicle or train so
as to be adapted to provide for the operation or propulsion of a wagon tramcar engine
vehicle or train from a fixed or determined point place or station or by a series
of them or over an electrical railway section or sections with or without conserving
or accumulating devices forming part of the equipment of one or more vehicles
adapted to provide for rendering the operation of the vehicles or the translation of
the electric energy thereon independent of the generating source or the fixed portion
of the electrical system.
I have shown the switching device 1 adapted to provide for connecting the
conductors from the devices b (through the medium of the conductors or branches.e
from the devices b) in the external discharging circuit in quantity so as to reduce
the electro-motive force or tension of the current from the generator and to
discharge a current of low force one part of such devices 6 being connected in the
said discharging circuit while the other part is connected in the charging circuit-
The switching device 2 is shown adapted to provide for connecting the conductors
from the devices b (through the medium of the conductors or branches e from such
devices) in the external discharging circuit in series or so as to develop a current of
higher electro motive force in such circuit than the current transmitted into the
discharging circuit connected with the switching device 1. This switching device 2
is also shewn adapted to provide for one part of such devices b being connected in
the discharging circuit while the other part is connected in the charging circuit.
The switching device 3 is adapted to provide for dividing or separating the
devices b into groups and connecting some parts of them with independent dis-
charging or translating circuits and regulating the electro-motive force or tension
of the current in such discharging circuits independent of the electro motive force
of the current in the charging circuit a and suited to the translating device or
devices in such circuits or the use for which such currents are employed in an
electrical system of distribution for lighting heating or motive power or any com-
bination of them while some other part of the devices b may be or are connected in
the said charging circuit. It will be understood that the electro motive force of
the current in one or more of these discharging circuits can be increased or decreased
as may be desired through the medium of switching devices adapted to operate in
such a manner as to vary the number of elements coupled in the discharging
circuits. Figure 3 is a transverse section drawn to an enlarged scale of a portion
of the devices shewn in Figure 2.
In order to provide for utilizing the current at another station or place or to
charge or revivify one or more sets groups or series of conserving devices at some
other station or place, I employ devices and means adapted to operate automatically.

page_text: or otherwise so as to provide for directing the current partly or entirely beyond
one station to another or through an external charging circuit in or from which
the current can be utilized with or without devices or means for accumulating or
storing and regulating the electro motive force or tension of the current in such
extended or independent translating or discharging circuit or circuits
The switching devices 1, 2, 3 or any combination of such devices with the
conductors extending from the devices & may be adapted to be operated by time
mechanism or by hand Or electrically and any part or all of such devices may be
cut out of the charging circuit at the will of the operator, or automatically
dependent upon the accumulation or storage of electric energy in the devices b.
I sometimes employ for this last named purpose a solenoid or series of solenoids
whose armature or core is connected or combined with a resistance which is
adapted to be so operated as to vary the resistance in the charging branch or a
series of them leading to the elements of the devices b or so as to cut one or more
sets groups or series at the station or place out of the charging circuit. The
delivery or discharge of the current from the devices b into the translating or
discharging circuits can also be regulated in a similar manner
Figure 4 is a plan of a cross over road in which the movable parts at the switchings
and crossings are so arranged and adapted to operate as to provide for such parts
being independent of the main or principal lines and arranged so as to transfer a
vehicle or train from one main line to another without necessitating the cutting
or dividing or movement of the rails of the main or principal lines both at the
switches and crossings as more fully set forth in the Specifications of the Patents
hereinbefore mentioned. I have shown the switches fand crossings g connected or
combined with electric translating devices h having electrical circuits adapted to
provide for conveying the current from the generating or developing source through
such circuits so as to supply electric energy to an electric motor or other translating
device or devices for the operation of the series of switches or movable parts both
at the switches and crossings through the medium of the connections i combined
with the elements or parts or adapted to be combined with the elements or parts
of one or more electric translating devices in such a manner as to provide for the
adjustment of such movable parts of the crossing line into two completed positions
one position being a position of safety for the main line traffic and the other for the
side line traffic such adjustment and position being dependent upon the direction
of the current transmitted through the clement or elements of the electric
translating device or devices connected or combined with the movable parts of the
crossing line. I have shown at j devices or means to provide for locking or holding
the movable parts of the crossing line in their proper positions relatively to the
main line according to adjustment as more fully described with reference to other
Figures of the drawings. I have also shown a locking bar k combined with an
element or part of the translating device or devices h and adapted to be raised or
moved during the movement or action of the translating device h. This locking
bar is constructed and arranged in such a manner relatively to the line or lines
of rail as to be prevented from being raised or moved during the time that a
vehicle or train is passing over the same sufficiently to permit the adjustment of
the movable parts of the crossing line or to allow the unbolting or unlocking of
the movable part or parts of the crossing line when such locking bar has connected
or combined with it bolting mechanism. I have also shown devices or means at
for making and breaking the circuit and connected by an electrical circuit m which
extends to some central point or station or to a signal cabin where I employ a
compound switching device or circuit maker for transmitting the current through
the electrical circuit m and energizing one or the other of the devices at dependent
upon the position of the translating device or devices and the movable parts of
the line connected or combined therewith. The devices in such circuit are
provided with elements or parts which are adapted to operate in the electrical
circuit n to the devices h in such a manner as to provide for cutting the
translating device h out of the circuit n when the movable parts of the crossing

page_text: line have been fully adjusted to complete or interrupt the crossing line and thereby
prevent unnecessary expenditure of electric energy.
Figure 5 represents in plan and on an enlarged scale a switch of the type
described with reference to Figure 4 with the parts connected or combined there-
with and adapted to operate as described with reference to such Figure. This
Figure (5) also shows the shifting piece at the crossing. Figure 6 is a longitudinal
vertical section of the said switch. In these Figures similar letters denominate the
same parts as those shown in Figure 4. o, o, represent the cut off devices for cutting
the translating device out of the circuit n when the movable parts of the crossing
line have been fully adjusted to complete or interrupt the crossing line and thereby
prevent unnecessary expenditure of electric energy or the expenditure of electric
energy through the medium of the translating devices except during the adjust-
nient of such movable parts of such crossing line. I have shown the translating
device / as consisting of a compound solenoid whose movable part or core is con-
nected or combined with the movable parts of the crossing line through the medium
of the connections i. I have shown the movable part of this translating device
connected or combined with the connections to the switch through the medium of
the device which is adapted to be connected and operate in conjunction with the
inovable element part or armature of the translating device h in such a manner as
to provide for an excess of movement of the said movable element or part beyond
that necessary to effect a complete adjustment of the movable part or parts of the
crossing line and if desired to lock one or more of the movable parts of the crossing
line in position or to provide an excess of movement during which the cut off
devices o are adapted to operate for cutting the translating device out of the
circuit n. p, represents an electric reservoir whose elements are adapted to be con-
nected with the electrical circuits n communicating with the elements of the trans-
lating device as above described. By the employment of such reservoir or a series
of them in proximity to such translating device h, connected or combined with the
movable parts of the crossing line I am enabled to provide for the conservation of
electric energy near the place of its translation and for connecting such reservoir
in an electrical circuit through the conductors q, with the generating or storage
source or sources direct or to a main charging circuit adapted to provide for the
transmission of power in the form of electric energy to one or more other sets
groups or series of conserving or accumulating devices at central stations or along
the lines of railway or elsewhere through the metallic portion of an electrical
circuit of less carrying capacity than would otherwise be necessary providing such
conserving device or devices were not employed. I so combine the elements of the
devices p, with the electrical circuit n, as to provide for regulating the electro-
motive-force or tension of the current in such circuit n, irrespective of the electro-
motive-force or tension of the current transmitted through the charging circuit q.
In order to provide for such a result the elements or some part of the elements of
the said reservoir p, which provide for the conservation of energy are adapted to
operate in such a manner in the charging circuits n as to render such circuits
independent of the main charging circuit or circuit q. In some cases I employ for
this purpose a circuit maker which when in its normal position permits the current
from the charging circuit to pass to the reservoir p, but when the current is per-
mitted to flow through the circuit or circuits m from the signal cabin the said
reservoir p, or some part thereof will (when I employ a single set of elements in
the reservoir p, adapted to be connected with the charging circuit q.) be cut out of
the charging circuit by the current through the circuit or circuits m energizing a
magnet or magnets or otherwise causing the adjustment of a circuit maker (not
shewn) adapted to complete or interrupt the circuit to the said reservoir p. I also
sometimes employ automatic cut off devices whose position is controlled auto-
matically dependent upon the conservation or storage of energy in the reservoir or
reservoirs p, so as to cut the said device or devices out of the charging circuit when
charged
Figure 7 is a plan of a crossover road or crossing line having the ordinary-form

page_text: of switches in which the movable part constitutes a portion of the main line at
the switch. I have shewn movable parts or shifting pieces g, at the crossing
adapted to provide for transferring the vehicles over an undivided or immovable
rail or rails. These movable parts are shewn connected and adapted to be operated
as a crossover road in a similar manner to that described with reference to
Figures 4, 5 and 6 the said movable parts being connected or combined with the
element or elements of translating devices so as to provide for the two principal
lines being completed or uninterrupted simultaneously and so as provide for the
completion of the crossing line and interrupting the main line simultaneously.
Figure 8 represents a plan of an ordinary cross-over road or crossing line in
which a series of switches or movable parts are connected and adapted to be
operated so as to complete or interrupt the crossing line as before stated. These
switches or movable parts are connected with the element or elements of the
electric translating device or devices connected in the electrical circuit and
adapted to operate as herein described.
Figure 9 is a plan of a switch with which an electric motor r is shewn combined
through the medium of the connecting rod i. This motor is adapted to operate the
movable parts or switch by operating upon a screw threaded or cam faced part.
When the current is sent through the motor in one direction the armature thereof
is caused to revolve and through the medium of the screw or cam faced parts.
connected with the motor and the extension from the movable part of the line the
said movable part of the crossing line is caused to be adjusted in one direction and
when the current is sent in the other direction through the motor the screw or
cam faced parts operate in a reverse manner so as to provide for the adjustment of
the movable parts in the other direction. These screw or cam faced parts are
adapted to serve for the adjustment of the movable parts of the crossing line into
two positions and for the locking or bolting of the same. I have shewn the motor
connected or combined with a locking bark which is adapted to operate as before
described.
In order to cut the motor out of the electrical circuit n, I may provide for an
excess of movement of the motor beyond that necessary to effect the desired
adjustment of the movable parts by the employment of a cam faced part or slot
formed upon the shaft of the motor or some connection therefrom or upon the
movable parts of the crossing line or connections therefrom and I employ devices
or means for making and breaking the circuit to the motor as soon as or im-
mediately after the desired adjustment of the movable parts of the crossing line
has been effected as will be understood by reference to the description given with
respect to Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the drawings. The electrical circuits to the motor.
may be controlled in a somewhat similar manner to that described with reference.
to the translating devices h in Figures 4, 5 and 6 or a single circuit maker of
compound construction may be employed for directing the flow of the current
through the elements of the motor and reversing its movement and consequently
the direction of the movement and the position of the movable parts of the crossing
line. It will be understood that although in the drawing I have only shewn the
motor in combination with a single switch or movable part of the crossing line I
may employ such an electric translating device or a series of them for operating
the movable parts of a crossing line siding, cross over road, through crossing or
any combination of movable parts of a crossing line or lines of railway with the
principal or main line or lines. Or the electric translating devices described with
reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 may be combined with any combination of movable
parts of a crossing line or lines with the main or principal line or lines.
In Figures 10 and 11 which are elevations partly in section on planes at right
angles to each other I have shewn electric translating devices connected or com-
bined with the movable arm or part of a semaphore signal for signalling trains on
railway lines. Figures 12 and 13 are similar views to Figures 10 and 11 repre-
I have shewn in
senting certain parts of the same drawn to an enlarged scale.
connection with these devices, devices or means- at. p. to provide an accumulation

page_text: 8
storage or reserve of electric energy from a generating device or producing source
or sources. The translating devices & connected or combined with the semaphore
arm are adapted to be combined in an electrical circuit either directly from a
conserving or accumulating device or from a branch or loop from the main charging
circuit or from an independent electric circuit connecting such device with the
generating or producing source. The electric circuit in which the translating
device 8 connected with the semaphore arm is included is shewn as adapted to be
controlled from a central station or signal cabin through the medium of an inde-
pendent circuit extending from such station or cabin in which it is designed to
employ a centralized system of contact or circuit-making devices and including
devices or means t for completing the circuit to the translating devices s and cutting
the same out of the circuit when the semaphore arm has been completely adjusted
and devices or means u for holding or locking the movable part or parts of the
translating device or devices 8 and the parts connected or combined therewith in
the position to which the movable parts have been adjusted during the passage of
the current through the translating devices and during the time that a current is
transmitted through the circuit m from the cabin or station. By the employment
of independent circuits extending to different stations or cabins the position of the
locking arm u and consequently the position of the signal can be controlled from
any number of points or places or the signal can be operated from any number of
points or places through the medium of independent circuits. These independent
circuits can be controlled and the circuit makers at different stations caused to
react upon each other by combining them through the medium of independent circuits.
These independent circuits can be controlled and the circuit makers at different
stations caused to react upon each other by combining them through the medium of
suitable interlocking mechanism mechanically or electrically in such a manner as to
render it impossible to transmit signals from one cabin to another or to operato
signals along the lines which would interfere with the safe working of the traffic over
the lines. The operation of the above described devices is as follows that is to say
when it is desired to draw down the semaphore arm from a position which
indicates danger to a position which indicates safety a circuit making or controlling
device is operated in the signal cabin or other place in such a manner as to send
an electrical current into the circuit m cominunicating with the electro magnet t
and also through the vibrating locking arm u with the electro magnet t. The
current in passing through the latter attracts the armature 2 so as to close the
circuit between the reservoir p or the charging circuit itself and the translating
device 8 so as to energize the latter. This device s then draws downward the
movable part or piece 8¹ connected with a weighted arm which in turn is adapted
to operate the semaphore arm One end of the said movable part or piece s' is
provided with a recess 82 which when the movement of the part s¹ is completed
occupies such a position relatively to the end of the vibrating arm or piece which
is preferably adapted to engage in the said recess 2 so as to permit the engaging
part of the arm to enter the said recess by reason of the attraction exerted by the
magnet or magnets t' on the lower end of the said arm. The said magnet or
magnets however cannot effect any movement of the said vibrating locking arm u
until the adjustment of the semaphore arm is completed. When however the
upper end of the said arm enters the recess & the lower end of the said arm is
drawn out of contact with a pin or plate t³ through which the circuit was previously
completed to the magnet t and consequently the circuit is broken between the
reservoir p or charging circuit and the translating device & so that when
the semaphore arm is adjusted to the proper position there is no further
expenditure of electric energy in the translating device 8. So long as the
circuit m is then left completed the upper end of the aforesaid locking arm will be
retained through the magnet t' in the recess 82 but as soon as the said circuit is
broken the lower end of the said locking arm will be released and the semaphore
arm adjusted to its normal position by the action of the weighted lever when the
above described operations may be repeated. The engaging portion of the locking

page_text: The
arm is so formed as to provide for a slight force exerted through the medium of the
magnet or magnets t¹ retaining the semaphore arm in position against the tension
of the weighted arm so long as the current is completed in the circuit m
position of the semaphore arm or the locking arm may be indicated or signalled in
the signal cabin either audibly or visually or both by providing an electrical circuit
leading from such devices to suitable devices in the signal cabin. A somewhat
similarly operated device or a series of them may be employed for testing the
position of bolting and locking mechanism or of bolting and testing mechanism
adapted to operate in conjunction with the movable parts of a crossing line.
In Figures 14 and 15 which are elevations on planes at right angles to each other,
I have shewn an electric motor connected or combined with the movable portion
of a disc signal for signalling upon lines of railway. This signal is adapted
to be operated in a somewhat similar manner to that described with reference to
Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the drawings. When the electrical circuit is completed
through the motor it is caused to rotate and act against the force of a weight and
in order to provide for interrupting the electrical circuit to the motor I employ
devices or means adapted to be automatically operated and devices or means to
provide for holding or locking the motor or some movable part connected with the
signal in position against the force of the weight or the equivalent thereof when
such signal is adjusted from its normal position. Instead of employing a motor I
may use a solenoid or other device adapted to provide for translating electric energy
into motive power. I have also shewn connected or combined with the motor a fog
signal or torpedo v adapted to be projected in the path of the vehicles passing over
the lines of rail when the movable part of the electric translating device occupies
a position antagonistic to the safe passage of the vehicles over such lines. The
operation of these devices is similar to that described with reference to Figures 10
to 13 and they may be connected to or controlled from a central station or signal
box or cabin and have a circuit maker at such place connected or combined with
other circuit makers so as to permit or prevent the transmission of a current for
the operation of the signal or so as to permit or prevent the interruption of the
circuit dependent upon the position of one or more other circuit makers connected
combined or interlocked therewith or of the movable part or parts of the crossing
lines or of the signalling bolting testing or locking appliances in connection or
adapted to be combined therewith.
Figure 16 is a front elevation and
Figure 17 is a front elevation with the cover or front removed of part of an
apparatus adapted to be used in an electrical system of distribution in which it is
designed to distribute electric energy to various points or places along a line of
railway for the operation and control of the movable parts of the line and the sig-
nalling appliances bolting testing and other devices or groups or series of devices
adapted to be operated at distant points and independently of each other and to be
controlled from a central point or signal box or fixed or determined points or places.
Figure 18 is a transverse section of the said apparatus on the linexx Figure 17 and
Figure 19 represents various parts of the mechanism adapted to provide for
interlocking or combining the centralized system or series of circuit-makers or
contact plates which permit the completion of the electric circuit to the electrical
translating device or devices of simple or compound construction so as to provide
for the adjustment and control of the movable parts of a crossing line and the
signalling appliances connected or combined therewith and of the testing or bolting
mechanism for securing such movable parts or the signalling appliances as will be
understood by reference to the drawings and the description herein contained and
the description and drawings constituting the specifications of former Letters
Patent granted to me or on my behalf and relating to the construction of crossing
lines and apparatus for securing the proper relative working of the movable parts
of a crossing line or lines and the signalling appliances adapted to be operated in
conjunction therewith from some central point or station or a series of them either
mechanically or both mechanically and electrically.
>

page_text: Figures 20 and 21 and Figures 22 and 23 represent portions of the said
mechanism drawn to an enlarged scale.
In these various Figures A represents the devices or handles designed to
provide for the completion or interruption of the electrical circuits in which are
included or adapted to be included the translating devices connected or combined
with the signalling appliances and movable parts of the crossing line or lines and the
bolting or holding and testing devices and cut off devices or other movable parts
connected or combined therewith through the medium of the contact plates pieces
circuit making devices B and through the medium of the engaging or locking
faces or parts Cupon the bars C and the engaging or locking faces D' upon the
bars D and the devices or means E for connecting the bars C with the bars D in
such a manner as to provide for the adjustment or movement of such bars D when
motion is communicated to the bars C through the medium of the handle or
device A adapted to be operated by the signalman or attendant. I have shewn the
said handles or devices A connected with the bars C through the medium of the
shafts F and connecting pieces or cranks G. The locking parts are adapted to
operate in conjunction with and interlock with each other in such a manner as to
permit or obstruct the movement of one or more of the handles A dependent upon
the position of one or more other handles or locking parts having connected or
combined therewith a circuit making device of simple or compound construction.
These locking parts are similar in construction and are adapted to operate in con-
junction with each other substantially as illustrated and described with reference
to Figures 25 to 40 in the specification of former Letters Patent dated September 18th
1880 N° 3803. In Figures 20 to 27 I have shewn various forms of compound
circuit making devices adapted to provide for the completion of an electrical
circuit and controlling the direction or flow of the current to the translating device
or devices connected or combined with the movable parts of the crossing line or
parts adapted to operate in a similar manner to that described with reference to
Figures 2 to 9 of the drawings or to devices or means connected or combined with
the movable parts of the crossing line or the testing or bolting devices or to the
signalling devices connected or combined therewith or any combination of them
with each other or with the other movable part or parts which are connected or
combined with a compound electric translating device or a series of electric
translating devices adapted to operate as a compound electric device so as to
provide for the adjustment of the parts connected or combined therewith to be
moved into two completed positions.
The compound circuit making device illustrated in Figures 20 to 23 consists of
a pin H adapted to pass in contact with two independent parts I, J, adapted to be
connected with the electric circuit dependent upon the direction of the motion
imparted to the bar C. The pin H in the descent of the bar C comes into contact
with the portion of the electrical circuit I and completes the circuit to one or more
of a series of electrical translating devices or a compound electric translating device
or a series of them connected or combined with the movable parts of a crossing
line or of signalling appliances or other movable part or parts adapted to be
operated electrically into two completed positions and when the bar C is moved in
the other direction the electrical circuit is completed through the contact J so as to
operate the movable part or parts in a contrary direction to that in which they are
operated. When the pin H is in contact with the contact I and to the other completed
position as will be understood from the foregoing description. It will be under-
stood that the parts I and J are insulated from each other. The normal position
of the piece H being say at 1 in its descent it will pass over the contact I and
thereby be forced out of such position which it will again assume at 2. It cannot
then again be brought into contact with the piece I until it has passed over the
picce Jinto position again at 1 thereby completing two independent circuits or
reversing the direction of the current through a single circuit.
These circuit making devices can be adapted to operate in independent charging
circuits connected or combined with the elements of an accumulating device or

page_text: devices adapted to provide for the conservation of electric energy and develop
currents in independent circuits extending to the translating device or devices
connected or combined with the movable parts of crossing lines and signalling
appliance in connection therewith as will be understood with reference to the
description of Figures 2 to 9 of the drawings. The circuit making devices can be
connected with the circuit making and cut off devices and holding and testing devices
arranged to operate in the branches sub-branches or loops or in independent or
branch circuits to or from the devices or mains for conserving electric energy from
the generating or producing source as herein described or as herein described and
illustrated.
In Figures 24 I have shown switches K for controlling the direction of movement
of the pin H first over the contact I and then over the contact J.
In Figures 25 to 27 is shown another modification to accomplish the same result.
In this arrangement the pin H is mounted on a rotary disc attached to the shaft F
instead of to the bar C.
By providing for an excess of movement of the pin H at 1 and 2 so that such
pin is not in contact with the metallic portion I or J on the completion of its
movements and am enabled to cut the electric translating device connected or
combined with the parts of the crossing line or the signalling appliances and
the testing bolting or holding apparatus out of the electrical circuit when the
translating device is adapted to be supplied with electric energy through such
metallic portions and the aforesaid pin passes either into the position 1 or 2.
It will be understood from the description herein and by reference to former
Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf relating to the construction and
working of crossing lines and signalling appliances or parts adapted to be connected
or combined or to operate or be operated in conjunction therewith and dated
respectively 27th August 1877 N°. 3256 12th March 1878 No. 995 6th July 1878
No. 2720 18th September 1878 No. 3692 6th December 1878 No. 5005 Sb. July 1879
No. 2785 18th September 1880 No. 3803 6th. January 1882 No. 85 13th. February
1882 No. 700 16th February 1882 No. 760 22nd. February 1882 No. 856 10th. March
1882 No. 1174 and 30th May 1882 No. 2558. I am enabled to utilize an
apparatus or system of electrical distribution for the operation of the movable
mechanism or parts of the crossing line and the signalling appliances adapted to
be operated along such lines and to secure the proper relative working of the
electrical circuits and of the electric translating devices in such circuits so as to
provide for the proper relative working of switches or the movable parts of
crossings or crossing lines and of the signalling devices or. other movable parts
adapted to be combined there with and to utilize an electrical system for the
development of light heat or motive power in an electrical system of distribution
or for the operation of the vehicles over the lines or for lighting or heating
purposes or for brake power upon such vehicles and to provide for the distribution
and conservation or storage of power in the form of electric energy for any one or.
more of such purposes and to utilize various devices or means for generating and
to regulate the electro motive force of the current in the various discharging or
working circuits irrespective of the electro-motive force of the current in the
charging circuit or or circuits and to render the translation or consumption of electric
energy in one or more discharging circuits independent of the generation for a
given time.
Having thus fully described the said Invention and the manner of performing the
same I wish it understood that I clain-
First An apparatus or system of electrical distribution provided with the
following elements namely devices or means for generating or developing an electric
current one or more acts groups or series of devices for conserving accu-
mulating or holding a reserve of electric energy produced by one or more generating
devices in one or more of the circuits from the generator an electric inotor or other
device (for translating electric energy into motive power) of simple or compound
construction or a series of them adapted to operate in an electric circuit of the

page_text: apparatus or system and connected or combined with a switch or series of switches
or the movable parts of a cross-over road or crossing line of a railway or any
combination of them and a compound circuit maker or a series of circuit makers or
circuits with electrical connections so arranged as to provide for conducting and
reversing the direction of the current through the elements of the translating device
or devices connected or combined with the movable parts of the crossing line or
reversing the action of the translating device or devices and the adjustment of the
parts connected or combined therewith into two defined positions and devices or
ineans for cutting the electric translating device or devices connected or combined
with the movable parts of the crossing line out of the charging circuit from the
generator or from the independent discharging circuit from the device charged
vivified or revivified with electric energy from the generating source when the
electric translating device or devices connected with the movable parts of the
crossing line occupy a position of safety for the main line traffic or for both the
main and side-line traffic substantially as herein described.
Second: An apparatus or system of electrical distribution in which the following
elements are combined or adapted to be combined namely one or more charging
circuits from one or more dynamo or magneto electric machines or generators or
other generating source or sources with or without accumulating storing and
regulating or converting devices at the generating station or stations one or more
electrical connections extending to one or more sets groups or series of electric
reservoirs (at a series of stations or places) adapted to provide for the accumulation
or storage partly or entirely of the energy transmitted through the electrical circuit
and a centralized system of switches or circuit making devices for connecting the
centralized circuits at each station and for making or breaking the series of circuits
to and from the devices or means for conserving or storing the electric energy so as
to provide for regulating the force of the current in the discharging or working
circuit or circuits as suited to the translating devices in such circuit or circuits or
to the use for which such current is desigued to be employed irrespective of the
force of the current in the main charging circuit substantially as herein described.
Third: An apparatus or system of electrical distribution having amongst others
the following elements namely one or more charging circuits from one or more
dynamo electric machines or other devices or means for developing or producing an
electric current a series of working or discharging circuits diverging from a central
station place or locality or a series of such stations places or localities at which a
centralized system or series of circuit makers or movable contacts are arranged and
adapted to operate in such a manner as to connect and disconnect one or more sets
groups or series of devices or means for conserving or storing electric energy in the
charging circuit or circuits or in the discharging circuit or circuits so as to regulato
the electro-motive force of the current in independent discharging circuits irrespective
of the force of the current transmitted through the charging circuit or circuits and
devices and means adapted to operate automatically or otherwise to provide for
directing the current partly or entirely by one station to another through an
external charging circuit or from one station to an external circuit in which the
current can be utilized with or without devices or means for accumulating or
storing the energy and regulating the force of the current in such extended or
independent translating or discharging circuit or circuits substantially as herein
described
Fourth An apparatus or system of electrical distribution in which the following
elements are employed namely the movable part of a switch, crossing line, siding,
cross-over-road, through crossing, or any combination of movable parts of a crossing
line or lines of railway with the main or principal line or lines connected or combined
with an electric motor or other electric translating device or a series of them of simple
or compound construction through one or more electrical circuits adapted to provide
for conveying the current from the generating or developing source through one or
more of such circuits so as to supply the electric energy for the operation of an
electric motor or other electric translating devices or a series of them having one

page_text: or more switches or a series of switches or movable parts at the switches alone or
both at the switches and crossings which are connected or combined with the
element elements part or parts of one or more electric translating devices in such a
manner as to provide for the adjustment of such movable parts into two completed
positions so that they occupy a position of safety for the main line traffic or both the
main and side line traffic dependent upon the direction of the current transmitted
through the element or elements of the electric translating device or devices
connected or combined with the movable parts of the crossing line and devices or
means for holding or locking the movable part or parts of the railway lines so
electrically operated and devices or means adapted to operate in the electrical
circuit to the translating device devices or a series of them connected or combined
with the movable part or parts of the crossing line so that when such movable
part or parts are adjusted to occupy a position of safety for the traffic over the
main line or lines or for both the main and side line traffic the electric translating
device or devices adapted to operate such movable part or parts of the crossing line
will be cut out of the circuit with the generating or developing sources either
automatically or otherwise substantially as herin described.
Fifth An apparatus or system having one or more movable parts of a crossing
line such as a switch or crossing or a series of them which constitutes the movable
parts of a siding, cross over road, trap switch, through crossing, orany combination
of movable parts adapted to complete or interrupt the crossing and main line or
lines of railway according to adjustment, connected or combined with an electric
motor or other electric translating device or devices of simple or compound
construction or a series of such devices and adapted to be operated and have their
position controlled dependent upon the position of a switching or circuit making
device or devices for permitting directing and interrupting the flow of the current
in the electrical circuit to the translating device or devices in such a manner as to
provide for the adjustment of the movable part or parts of the crossing line or parts
connected or combined therewith into two definite positions one to provide for the
safe working of the vehicles over the principal or main line or lines and one to provide
for the transfer of a vehicle or train from a main line to a siding or loop or from
one main line to another with or without crossing a main line or a series of them
as at a junction or through crossing, and having one or more devices adapted to
operate in the electrical circuit in such a manner as to provide for interrupting or
breaking the electrical circuit to the translating device or devices connected or
combined with such movable parts of the crossing line or permanent way when
such movable parts have been fully or completely adjusted in conformity with
safety to the main and side line traffic or the main line traffic solely and having
one or more sets groups or series of devices adapted to provide for the conservation
or storage of power in the form of electric energy either partially or entirely
during the time that the movable parts of or connected with the crossing line or
permanent way occupy a position of safety or danger to the traffic over the main
lines substantially as herein described.
Sixth An electric circuit having the following elements connected or combined
or adapted to be combined therewith namely an electric motor or other electric
translating device or devices or a series of them of simple or compound construction
having connected or combined mechanically therewith or both mechanically and
electrically the movable part or connection of a switch or crossing line or siding
or cross over road or through crossing or any combination of a movable part
or parts of a crossing line or lines of railway and a compound circuit maker
or a series of circuit makers adapted to operate in the electrical current in
such a manner as to provide for cutting the electric translating device or devices
combined with the movable part or parts of a crossing line out of the electrical
circuit when the movable part or parts of the crossing line is or are so adjusted
as to occupy a position of safety for the traffic over the main line or lines or
for both the main and side line traffic and with or without one or more electric
circuit making or switching devices provided with extensions or parts adapted to

page_text: fit into or engage with projections or recesses arranged upon or in conjunction
with or forming part of some movable part or parts of the crossing line or parts
connected or combined there with in such a manner as to interrupt automatically the
electric circuit to the translating device or devices adapted to operate or provide
for operating a movable part or parts of the crossing line into two completed
positions and to bolt such movable part or parts in a position conforming to safety
for the main line traffic or both main and side line traffic and with or without
devices or means for preventing the unbolting of the movable part or parts of the
crossing line or the parts connected or combined therewith during the time that a
wagon or train shall occupy a given section or part of a line or lines substantially
as herein described.
or
Seventh An electric circuit having the following elements connected
combined or adapted to be combined therewith namely An electric motor or other
electric translating device or a series of them of simple or compound construction
having connected or combined therewith the movable part of a switch or crossing
line or siding or cross over road or through crossing or any combination of a
movable part or parts of a crossing line or lines of railway and one or more sets
groups or series of devices or means to provide for an accumulation conservation
storage or reserve of electric energy transmitted or charged from a generating
source and devices or means for automatically or otherwise placing such device or
series of them for conserving or storing electric energy in the charging or dis-
charging circuit or both and a compound circuit maker or a series of circuit makers
or a compound electrical circuit adapted to operate or be operated upon in such a
manner as to provide for directing and controlling the flow and direction of the
current in the proper circuit or direction to the device or devices combined with
the movable part or parts of a crossing line dependent upon the position of such
parts and so as to ensure the proper adjustment of the parts with or without
devices or means for signalling or repeating at some central station or cabin any
improper or incomplete working or adjustment of the movable part or parts and of
a compound circuit maker or a series of circuit makers adapted to operate in the
electrical circuit in such a manner as to provide for cutting out or including in an
electrical circuit the electric translating device or devices combined with the
movable parts of the crossing line dependent upon the position of a compound
circuit making device or a series of circuit making devices adapted to provide for
completing an electric circuit for the operation of the automatic cut off devices
substantially as herein described.
Eighth. An electric circuit having the following elements connected or
combined or adapted to be combined therewith namely, an electric motor or other
electric translating device or a series of them of simple or compound construction
having connected or combined mechanically therewith or both mechanically and
electrically the movable part of a switch or crossing line or siding or cross over
road or through crossing or any combination of a movable part or parts of a
crossing line or lines of railway and a compound circuit maker or a series of circuit
makers adapted to operate in the electrical circuit in such a manner as to provide
for cutting the electric translating device or devices combined with the movable
part or parts of a crossing line out of the electrical circuit when the movable part
or parts of the crossing line is or are so adjusted as to occupy a position of safety
for the traffic over the line or lines or for both the main and side line traffic and of
devices or means to provide for an accumulation, conservation storage or reserve of
electric energy for use in the main electrical circuit or for use in one or more working
or translating circuits adapted to operate independently of or in conjunction with
the charging circuit or for use in charging vivifying or revivifying electric
magazines forming part of an electrical equipment of a wagon vehicle engine or
train or for other uses and with or without electrical connections adapted to
complete one or more electrical circuits with an apparatus or system or parts
thereof forming part of the equipment of an electrical apparatus or system or parts
thereof adapted to form part of the equipment of a wagon, vehicle, tramcar or train.

page_text: Ninth. An electric circuit having the following elements connected or combined
or adapted to be combined therewith namely an electric motor or other electric
translating device or a series of them of simple or compound construction
connected or combined with the movable arm or part of a seinaphore signal or disc
signal for signalling trains on railway lines and one or more sets groups or series
of devices or means adapted to be charged vivified or revivified by a current trans-
mitted through the charging circuit from a generating device or producing source
so as to provide a reserve of electric energy and devices or means for automatically
or otherwise placing such device or series of them for conserving or storing electric
energy in a charging or discharging circuit or both and a circuit making device
adapted to complete the electrical circuits to the electric translating device connected
or combined with the movable arm or part of a semaphore or disc-signal and of
devices or means adapted to be operated so as to provide for interrupting the
electrical circuit to the translating device connected or combined with the movable
arın or part of a semaphore or disc signal when adjusted from normal position and
devices or means adapted to provide for holding or locking the same in position
against the force of a weight or the equivalent thereof substantially as herein
described.
Tenth. A system group or series of circuit making or breaking devices provided:
with extensions and locking and interlocking parts adapted to operate in con-
junction with each other and with or in an apparatus or system of electrical
distribution or with the elements connected or combined in an electric circuit as set
forth in any one or more of the foregoing claims substantially as described
Eleventh. A tram car vehicle train or electric engine equiped with one or
more electric motors with or without gearing to transmit the power from one or
more of the motors to the wheels and one or more sets groups or series of devices
or means adapted to provide for accumulating or storing electric energy and
electrical connection or connections for joining the elements of one or more motors
connected in the electrical circuit in series or parallel circuit with the elements of
the devices or means for conserving or storing electric energy and a centrelized
system of switches and circuit making devices which are adapted to operate with
or in conjunction with the conductors extending thereto from the elements or parts
of the accumulating devices as to provide for so connecting the elements of the
accumulating device or devices in the charging circuit solely for quantity or for
tension or for regulating or converting the electro-motive force of the current in
one or more motor or other translating or working circuits suited to the translating
device or devices employed or adapted to be employed in such circuits or suited to
the resistance of such external circuits and switching or circuit making devices to
connect or disconnect the electrical circuits between the elements of the conserving
device or devices and the motor or series of them either individually or collectively
so as to provide for regulating the electro motive force or tension of the current in
the discharging circuits suited to the translating devices adopted to operate in
such circuits substantially as set forth.
Twelfth. An electric engine or vehicle or train equiped with one or more
electric motors with electrical connections adapted to be brought in circuit with a
part or a set group or series of devices coupled or connected so as to be adapted to
provide for the accumulation or storage of power in the form of electric energy
when such motor or series of them is or are so connected in an electrical circuit
as to serve for the retardation or stoppage of the motion of the engine vehicle
or train and with another set or series of electrical connections or an electrical
circuit for utilizing a motor or a series of them for the propulsion of the engine
vehicle or train when such motor or series of them shall be placed in an electrical
circuit with a set group or series of devices coupled or adapted to operate in tension
series or so as to transmit and regulate the electro-motive force of the current in
the motor circuit suited to the resistance in such motor circuit and suited to the
power or speed required in driving the engine vehicle or train substantially as set
forth
•

page_text: Thirteenth. In a system or apparatus for the utilization of electricity upon
railway trains the combination of the following elements. in the equipment of each
vehicle namely electrical conductors forming part of a main charging circuit with
means for connecting and disconnecting the said conductors to and from those of an
adjoining vehicle or vehicles a set, group or series of electric magazines the parts or
series of which are adapted to operate in the charging and translating circuit
through the medium of switching devices for alternately or consecutively connecting
the parts thereof in the charging and discharging circuit in such a manner as to
provide for one part or series being in the charging circuit coupled for quantity
while another part or series is connected in the discharging circuit and adapted to
develop and regulate the force of the current in one or more circuits connected
therewith suited to the translating device or devices in such circuit or circuits and
irrespective of the force of the current transmitted through the main charging
circuit and with or without electrical connections and switching devices adapted to
provide for placing the portable system or some part thereof in an electrical circuit
at fixed points or places along the line of railway tramway or the like substantially
as set forth
Fourteenth. In an apparatus or system for distributing and utilizing electric
energy on railway trains for lighting or heating or both the combination of the
following elements in the equipment of each vehicle namely electrical conductors
forming part of a main charging-circuit with means for connecting and disconnecting
the said conductors to and from those of an adjoining vehicle or vehicles one or
more sets groups or series of magazines or devices adapted to provide for accu-
mulating or storing electric energy the set or parts of which are connected to
branches or loops from the charging circuit and translating discharging or working
circuit or circuits through the medium of switching devices operated automatically
or otherwise for alternatively or consecutively connecting and disconnecting one set
part or series of the accumulating or storing magazines in the charging circuit in
such a manner as to charge one or more parts with a quantity current and con-
temporaneously there with connecting one or more other parts groups or series in
such a manner in one or more discharging circuits as to develop a current of
such electro motive force and regulate such force in one or more translating circuits
so as to be suited to the translating device or devices adapted to operate in such
circuit or circuits and with switching devices adapted to provide for including at
will one or more discharging series or groups of such electric magazines or batteries
and the main charging circuit in one or more independent translating circuits and
with or without electrical connections and switching devices adapted to provide for
placing the portable system or some part thereof in an electrical circuit at fixed
points or places along the line of railway tramway or the like substantially as set
forth
In witness whereof I the said Joseph Stokes Williams have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty second day of February in the year of our Lord
he hundred and sighty three