AN IMPROVED VEHICLE OR COMPOSITION TO BE MIXED WITH WHITE LEAD AND OTHER PIGMENTS IN LIEU OF LINSEED OR BOILED OIL, TURPS, AND DRYERS TO FORM PAINT
Year: 1870

page_text: .
in.
LETTERS PATENT to John Axtell Deacon Cox, of Notting Hill,
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
VEHICLE OR COMPOSITION TO BE MIXED WITH WHITE LEAD AND OTHER
PIGMENTS IN LIEU OF LINSEED OR BOILED OIL, TURPS, AND DRYERS TO FORM
PAINT."
Sealed the 15th July 1870, and dated the 19th January 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Axtell Deacon
Cox at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th January 1870.
I, JOHN AXTELL DEACON Cox, of Notting Hill, in the County of
5 Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED VEHICLE OR COMPOSITION TO BE MIXED WITH WHITE LEAD AND OTHER
PIGMENTS IN LIEU OF LINSEED OR BOILED OIL, TURPS, AND DRYERS TO FORM
PAINT," to be as follows :-
This Invention is designed to enable the interior of houses and public
buildings to be painted quickly and without emitting the unpleasant
odour which now attends that operation.

page_text: I propose to accomplish the above objects by the following means,
that is to say-Instead of using linseed or boiled oil, turps, and dryers
as vehicles for mixing with white lead or other pigments to form paint
as commonly practised, I propose to employ a vehicle or composition
made by combining alcohol, shellac, and vegetable oil (by preference
castor oil) together, and then mixing this vehicle or composition with
white lead or other pigments to form paint. I propose to employ the
above-mentioned ingredients in about the following proportions, namely,
about 8 parts of alcohol, 2 parts of shellac, and 1 part of any vegetable
oil; these are to be subjected to gentle heat, and stirred until the shellac
is dissolved. Paint' made. with this vehicle is inodorous, dries very
quickly, and is not liable to crack or blister by exposure to heat.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Axtell Deacon Cox in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th July 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
AXTELL DEACON Cox, of Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
t:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Axtell Deacon Cox, Her special
licence that I, the said John Axtell Deacon Cox, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Axtell
Deacon Cox, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED VEHICLE OR COMPOSITION TO BE MIXED WITH
WHITE LEAD AND OTHER PIGMENTS IN LIEU OF LINSEED OR BOILED OIL, TURPS, AND
DRYERS TO FORM PAINT," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Axtell Deacon Cox, my executors or administrators; by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and

page_text: seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Axtell Deacon Cox, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :—
This Invention is designed to enable houses and public buildings to be
painted quickly and without emitting the unpleasant odour which now.
attends that operation.
I propose to accomplish the above objects by the following means,
that is to say-Instead of using linseed or boiled oil, turps, and dryers
as vehicles for mixing with white lead or other pigments to form paint
as commonly practised, I propose to employ a vehicle or composition
made by combining alcohol, shellac, and vegetable oil (by preference
castor oil) together, and then mixing this vehicle or composition with
white lead or other pigments to form paint. I propose to employ
the above-mentioned ingredients in about the following proportions,
namely, about 8 parts of alcohol, 2. parts of shellac, and 1 to 2 parts of
any vegetable oil; these are to be subjected to gentle heat and stirred
until the shellac is dissolved. Paint made with this vehicle is inodorous,
drics very quickly, and is not liable to crack or blister by exposure to
heat.
And in order to explain this Invention more fully, I now proceed
to describe the best means I am acquainted with and have found answer
well in practice for effecting the objects of this Invention, that is to
say:-
I produce a vehicle or composition which when mixed with white
lead and other pigments forms a quick drying inodorous paint by
mixing together the following. ingredients in the following proportions,
namely:-Methylated spirit, eight parts; white lac, two and a half to
three parts; castor oil, one a half to two parts. The white lac should
be reduced in the methylated spirit and by preference at a gentle
heat, namely, about one hundred degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer
to facilitate the reduction. This reduction may be accomplished without
heat, but the process occupies much longer time. When the lac is

page_text: entirely reduced the oil must be added, increasing the temperature to one
hundred and sixty or one hundred and eighty degrees, and stirring the
composition during the whole time for the purpose of thorough incor-
poration. The best mode of regulating the heat is by means of a water
bath. After the above-mentioned degree of heat has been attained the
preparation must be removed from the water bath and allowed to cool,
the stirring being continued. The above mixture is suitable for pure
white and light tints. For ground work, for graining drabs, and dark
tints I substitute orange lac in the place of white lac, and mix it with
methylated spirit and castor oil in the proportion of two parts of lac,
eight parts methylated spirit, and two parts of orange lac reduced by
heat and mixed as above described. The above mixtures or compositions
I propose to mix with white lead and other pigments to manufacture paint
in lieu of using linseed or boiled oil, turps, and dryers as above stated.
Paint made according to this Invention may be applied with a brush in
the ordinary manner of painting.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my
said Invention for "An Improved Vehicle or Composition to be mixed
with White Lead and other Pigments in lieu of Linseed or Boiled Oil,
Turps, and Dryers to Form Paint," together with the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into practical effect, I would
remark in conclusion that I do not intend to limit myself to the precise
proportions of the ingredients above mentioned.
And I hereby declare my Invention to consist in and I claim,
combining methylated spirit, shellac, and vegetable oil into a vehicle
or composition suitable for mixing with white lead and other pigments
to produce quick drying inodorous paint, substantially as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Axtell Deacon Cox, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of July, in the 3