Improvements in Crank Mechanisms.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left. 30th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 5th May, 1894
Improvements in Crank Mechanisms.
A communication by EDWIN MANVILLE KELLOGG, of Delavan, in the State of
Wisconsin, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of The Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street,
Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates primarily to mechanical movements for use in bicycles to
communicate motion from the treadle to the driving-wheel, and therefore will be
illustrated in connection with a "Safety" bicycle to which, when used for driving
such vehicles, it is most applicable. It has, however, a more enlarged and extended
scope and can be applied to machinery where it is desired to drive one shaft from
another at a considerable distance from the driving-shaft. To this end it is herein
proposed to employ a link or pitman to communicate motion from one shaft to the
other and a slotted lever to throw the dead centre, under such arrangement of
mechanism that the effective proportion of lever-arm and power-arm will never
vary, and also to employ intermediate gearing when desired to speed the driven
shaft.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a speeded "Safety" bicycle employing said
invention;
Figure 2 is a top-plan view, partly in section, the wheels being removed;
Figure 3, an enlarged detail in diagrammatic view;
Figure 4, an enlarged detail in horizontal section;
Figure 5 represents, in side elevation and diagram, a modified form of said
motion applied to shafting where it is not desired to speed the driven shaft relatively
to the driving-shaft ;
Figure 6 a top plan view of said modification ;
Figure 7 a side elevation showing the invention applied to an engine or machine
for the purpose of speeding the driven shaft in the same direction as the driving-
shaft; and
Figure 8 a detail of the latter construction in top-plan view, partly broken away.
A represents the steering-wheel of a bicycle of the "Safety" type, and B the
driving-wheel; C is the steering-fork and D the back-bone or frame, connected
with the steering-fork by a sleeve. This back-bone may be of any desired con-
struction and may represent, for the purposes of this description, the bench or
frame of any machine.
Pedals, E, are mounted at the ends of cranks, e, attached to a shaft, E', carried
in bearings, el, in this frame, in advance of the driving-wheel, and said shaft, it will
be understood, may represent a driving-shaft in any machine and the pedals may
represent the prime motor. One of the cranks has a heel-extension constituting
a second crank, e, with wrist-pin carrying, by preference, an anti-friction roll, e³.
Pivoted to the frame at f is a lever F, having at its rear end a long slot, f, and at
its front end a cross-shaped cam-slot, F, one reach, f, of which is coincident with
ת
•

page_text: the length of the lever or with the axis of the slot at the other end, while the other
reach, ³, is described on a radius concentric with the pivot of the lever. The
curved reach of this cross-slot takes over the end of the crank-shaft, and in the
oscillations of the lever plays up and down thereover, as represented by diagrammatic
lines in Figure 3, while the other or longitudinal reach plays the wrist-pin of the
secondary crank, e above referred to.
At the rear of the main-frame on that side of the wheel on which the lever is
pivoted, is journalled as at g an internal annular gear, G, preferably cup-shaped and
closed on the outer side, if used in a bicycle, but not necessarily so in other
mechanisms. This gear engages with a pinion G¹ on the end of the axle g¹ of the
driving-wheel, which axle may represent a transmission-shaft or driven-shaft.
A wrist-pin H from the outer face of the internal gear-wheel takes into the
rear slot of the lever and plays back and forth therein in the revolution of the gear.
This wrist-pin is connected, by a link H', with a bend or journal, on the treadle-
arm, of the double crank before alluded to. Said bend is equidistant from the
wrist-pin on the other arm of said crank, therefore, as the crank-shaft is revolved
by means of treadles, the forward end of the lever is raised and lowered by the play
of the wrist-pin of the double-crank in the longitudinal slot in the forward end of
the lever, and simultaneously therewith the rear end of the lever raises or forces
down the wrist-pin on the annular gear, and the link connection between said
wrist-pin and the bend of the double-crank imparts rotary motion to said gear and
through it to the pinion on the end of the driven-shaft or axle of the driving-wheel.
By this means, all dead centers are avoided.
In applying this invention to machinery in general, the driven shaft may be
made in effect the axis of the annular gear, dispensing with such gear, as a gear,
and substituting for it a crank, which practically represents the web of metal
connecting the axle of the gear with the wrist-pin. Such a construction is shown
in Figures 5 and 6. The lever is shaped as heretofore described and the parts
represented are lettered as heretofore, with the exception that the frame-bar,
which is not now considered the back-bone of the bicycle, is lettered D', to
distinguish it from previous lettering. The shaft B', it will be understood in this
instance, may be the driven-shaft represented in previous figures by hub
annular gear, G, and the action will be as before.
of
In Figures 7 and 8 is shown apparatus for operating two shafts of the engine or
machine in like directions and speeding one from the other. This apparatus is
similar to that illustrated in the first four figures, and therefore is lettered similarly
with this exception that, as it is intended to drive the crank-shaft, E', from a
stationary motor and thereby communicate motion to the shaft, g', corresponding
to the axle of the rear wheel of the bicycle illustrated in the first figure, the
back-bone or frame of the bicycle, lettered D, in said first figure, is, in said 7th and
8th figures, supplanted by a fixed bar D*, which represents the frame-bar or bench
of the machine.
It is obvious that, instead of the link or pitman being located on the same side
of the driving and driven wheels as the slotted lever, the cranks and wrist-pin
therefor, and the link itself, may be located upon the opposite side; it is also
obvious that the driven wheel may be used as the driver without departing from
the principle of the invention.
Dated th: 21 1
T
1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improv
A communication by EDWIN MANVILLE KELLOGG, of Delavan, in the County
of Walworth and State of Wisconsin, United States of America, Mechanical
Eugineer.
.
1, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of The Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6 Bank Street,
Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates primarily to mechanical movements for use in bicycles to
communicate motion from the treadle to the driving-wheel, and therefore will be
illustrated in connection with a "Safety" bicycle, to which, when used for driving
such vehicles, it is most applicable. It has, however, a more enlarged and extended
scope, and can be applied to machinery where it is desired to drive one shaft from
another at a considerable distance from the driving-shaft. To this end, it is herein
proposed to employ a link or pitman to communicate motion from one shaft to the
other and a slotted lever to throw the dead centre, under such arrangement of
mechanism that the effective proportion of lever-arm and power-arm will never
vary, and also to employ intermediate gearing when desired to speed the driven
shaft.
:-
Referring to the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification :-
Figure is a side elevation of a speeded "Safety" bicycle employing said
invention.
Figure 2 is a top-plan view, partly in section, the wheels being removed:
Figure 3, an enlarged detail in diagrammatic view:
Figure 4, an enlarged detail in horizontal section.
Figure 5 represents, in side elevation and diagram, a modified form of said.
motion applied to shafting where it is not desired to speed the driven shaft
relatively to the driving-shaft:
Figure 6, a top plan view of said modification:
Figure 7, a side elevation showing the invention applied to an engine or machine
for the purpose of speeding the driven shaft in the same direction as the driving-
shaft and
Figure 8, a detail of the latter construction in top-plan view, partly broken
away.
:
A, represents the steering-wheel of a bicycle of the "Safety" type, and B the
driving-wheel C is the steering-fork and D the back-bone or frame, connected
with the steering-fork by a sleeve. This back-bone may be of any desired
construction and may represent, for the purposes of this description, the bench or
frame of any machine.
Pedals, E, are mounted at the ends of cranks, e, attached to a shaft, E', carried
in bearings, e, in this frame, in advance of the driving-wheel, and said shaft, it will
be understood, may represent a driving-shaft in any machine, and the pedals may
represent the prime motor. One of the cranks has a heel-extension constituting a
second crank e², with wrist-pin carrying, by preference, an anti-friction roll e³.
Pivoted to the frame at f is a lever F, having at its rear end a long slot f₁, and at
its front end a cross-shaped cam-slot F, one reach, f2, of which is coincident with
the length of the lever or with the axis of the slot at the other end, while the other
reach, f³, is described on a radius concentric with the pivot of the lever. The
curved reach of this cross-slot takes over the end of the crank-shaft, and in the

page_text: oscillations of the lever plays up and down thereover, as represented by diagram-
matic lines in Figure 3, while the other or longitudinal reach plays the wrist-pin of
the secondary crank e' above referred to.
At the rear of the main-frame on that side of the wheel on which the lever is
pivoted, is journalled as at g an internal annular gear, G, preferably cup-shaped
and closed on the outer side, if used in a bicycle, but not necessarily so in other
mechanisms. This gear engages with a pinion G¹ on the end of the axle g' of the
driving-wheel, which axle may represent a transmission-shaft or driven-shaft.
A wrist-pin H from the outer face of the internal gear-wheel takes into the rear
slot of the lever and plays back and forth therein in the revolution of the gear.
This wrist-pin is connected, by a link H', with a bend or journal h, on the treadle-
arm, of the double crank before alluded to. Said bend is equidistant from the
wrist-pin on the other arm of said crank, therefore, as the crank-shaft is revolved
by means of treadles, the forward end of the lever is raised and lowered by the play
of the wrist-pin of the double-crank in the longitudinal slot in the forward end of
the lever, and simultaneously therewith the rear end of the lever raises or forces
down the wrist-pin on the annular gear, and the link connection between said
wrist-pin and the bend of the double-crank imparts rotary motion to said gear and
through it to the pinion on the end of the driven-shaft or axle of the driving-wheel.
By this means, all dead centers are avoided.
In applying this invention to machinery in general, the driven-shaft may be made
in effect the axis of the annular gear, dispensing with such gear, as a gear, and
substituting for it a crank, which practically represents the web of metal connecting
the axle of the gear with the wrist-pin. Such a construction is shown in Figures 5
and 6. The lever is shaped as heretofore described, and the parts represented are
lettered as heretofore, with the exception that the frame-bar, which is not now
considered the back-bone of the bicycle, is lettered D', to distinguish it from
previous lettering. The shaft B', it will be understood in this instance, may be the
driven-shaft represented in previous figures by hub g of annular gear G, and the
action will be as before.
This
In Figures 7 and 8 is shown apparatus for operating two shafts of the
engine or machine in like directions and speeding one from the other.
apparatus is similar to that illustrated in the first four figures, and therefore is
lettered similarly, with this exception, that, as it is intended to drive the crank-
shaft E' from a stationary motor and thereby communicate motion to the shaft g'
corresponding to the axle of the rear wheel of the bicycle illustrated in the first
figure, the back-bone or frame of the bicycle, lettered D, in said first figure, is, in
said 7th and 8th figures, supplanted by a fixed bar D*, which represents the frame-
bar or bench of the machine.
It is obvious that, instead of the link or pitman being located on the same side of
the driving and driven wheels as the slotted lever, the cranks and wrist-pin
therefor, and the link itself, may be located upon the opposite side; it is also
obvious that the driven wheel may be used as the driver without departing from
the principle of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the pivoted lever
slotted longitudinally at one end and having crossed slots at the other end, a
double-crank provided with a wrist-pin working in the longitudinal cross-slot, a
driving-shaft over which the vertical (and curved) cross-slot takes, a shaft
provided with crank and wrist-pin playing in the longitudinal slot at the opposite
end, and a link connecting the outer arm of the double crank with said
wrist-pin.
2. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the pivoted lever
having a longitudinal slot at one end and cross slots at the other end, a driving-

page_text: shaft with double-crank, a double-crank from one arm of which a wrist-pin takes
into the longitudinal portion of the cross-slots, an internal annular gear having a
wrist-pin taking into the longitudinal slot at the opposite end of the lever, a link
connecting said wrist-pin with the outer arm of the double-crank and a pinion on a
shaft engaging with the annular gear and driven by the action of said lever
and link.
3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a pivoted lever
having a longitudinal slot at one end and cross slots at the other end, one being
longitudinal, a driving shaft having treadles, one of said treadles being provided
with a double-crank, a wrist-pin from one arm of the double-crank taking into the
longitudinal slot of said lever at the cross end, an annular gear provided with a
wrist-pin which takes into the opposite longitudinal slot, a link connecting said
wrist-pin with the outer wrist-pin, or journal, of the double-crank treadle, an axle
and a pinion thereon engaging with the annular gear.
Dated this 29th day of March 1894.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents.