IMPROVE- MENTS IN REVOLVING IRON SHUTTERS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry George Warren and Samuel Stuckey,
both of Deptford, in the County of Kent, and Philip Froud, of
Greenwich, in the same County, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REVOLVING IRON SHUTTERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry George Warren,
Samuel Stuckey, and Philip Froud, at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th March
1868.
We, HENRY GEORGE WARREN and SAMUEL STUCKEY, both of
Deptford, in the County of Kent, and PHILIP FROUD, of Greenwich, in
the same County, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING IRON SHUTTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing revolving iron shutters ☑
that they will effectually resist the attacks of burglars, and at the same

page_text: time admit light and air to the shop or other tenement to which they
are applied. The shutters are constructed of a series of hinged joints
of the required shape and size, through which are passed rods or pipes
which fit in the holes of the said joints, and are rivetted or otherwise
fastened at their extremities. The said joints are rounded off at each
end, the centre of the curve being struck from the centre of the hole,
or from any other suitable point, and are kept in position by tubes,
pipes, or ferrules, placed over the said rods or pipes and between the
joints, so as to have the appearance of continuous bars throughout the
breadth of the shutter. Studs or other suitable contrivance are rivetted,
screwed, or otherwise fastened into the joints at each side of the shutter,
which studs slide in a groove or grooves to keep the shutter in position
both horizontally and vertically, or the shutter may be constructed
without the said studs. Iron, steel, or other suitable material may be
screwed, rivetted, or otherwise fastened to the said joints, giving the
shutter the appearance of one continuous sheet of metal or other material.
The shutter may be worked either in a vertical or horizontal direction
by means of springs, lines, or other suitable device. A stop or catch
is placed on the bottom bar of the shutter to prevent its being wound
round the roller too far.

page_text: and Philip Froud, Her special licence that we, the said Henry George
Warren, Samuel Stuckey, and Philip Froud, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Henry George
Warren, Samuel Stuckey, and Philip Froud, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING
IRON SHUTTERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Henry George Warren, Samuel Stuckey, and Philip Froud, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry George Warren, Samuel
Stuckey, and Philip Froud, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings forming a
part of this Specification :-
This Invention relates to revolving or coiling shutters and consists
in so constructing the same that they will effectually resist the attacks
of burglars and at the same time admit light and air to the shop or
other tenement to which they are applied.
The said shutters are constructed of a series of hinged joints of the
required shape and size through which are passed rods or pipes which
fit in the holes of the said joints and are rivetted or otherwise fastened
at their extremities. The said joints are curved or rounded at cach
end, the curve being struck from the centre of the hole or from any
other suitable point, and the joints are kept in position laterally by
tubes, pipes or ferrules placed over the said rods or pipes, and so fitted
between the joints as to have the appearance of continuous bars
throughout the breadth of the shutter. Studs or other suitable

page_text: contrivances which are rivetted, screwed, or otherwise fastened into
the joints at each side of the shutter slide in a groove or grooves and
keep the shutter in position both horizontally and vertically. If desired
the shutter may be constructed without the said studs. Iron, steel, or
other suitable material may be screwed, rivetted, or otherwise fastened
to the said joints to give to the shutter the appearance of one continuous
sheet of metal or other material.
Our improved shutter may be arranged to work either in a vertical
or horizontal direction by means of springs, lines, or other suitable
apparatus. A stop or catch is placed on the bottom bar of the shutter
to prevent its being wound or coiled too far around the roller or
chaft
Figure 1 is a front view of one of our improved shutters as we prefer to
construct them for the windows of dwelling houses and similar purposes,
showing the same uncoiled or drawn down to secure the window;
Figure 2 is a rear or inside view of the said shutter showing the
same partly raised; Figure 3 is a vertical transverse section on the line
x, x, Figure 2; Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line y, y,
Figure 2; Figure 5 illustrates detached portions of the said shutter
drawn to an enlarged scale. Like letters indicate the same parts
throughout the Drawing.
The joints a are preferably constructed of wrought iron, but they
may be also formed of steel, malleable cast iron, or other suitable
metal. The said joints are preferably constructed and jointed together
in such a manner that they are only flexible in one direction, so that
while they allow the shutter to coil freely upon the shaft or barrel,
they render the said shutter rigid when the same is drawn down to
secure the window. For this purpose we form upon the exterior edge 1
of each joint or link a shoulders or abutments a while the other
edge 2 of the said joint is made without such shoulders as clearly
shown in Figure 5. The said joints are so formed and fitted together
that their surfaces 3, 4, are parallel throughout the entire length of
the shutter, so that when the same is drawn down to secure the window,
each series or chain of joints forms a straight bar as shown in Figures

page_text: 1 and 2. The holes in the joints a are drilled or otherwise formed
of the proper size to allow the rods c to fit and work freely in the
same, the said rods being made of such a length as to extend entirely
across the shutter as shown. To keep the series of joints parallel
and straight, we employ distance pieces or ferrules c¹ which are
preferably formed of pieces of small tubing cut to the proper length
to fit between the series or chains of joints a. When our improved
shutters are constructed for large windows or apertures such as those
in jewellers, butchers, greengrocers, fishmongers, and other shops, we
prefer that the same should be coiled upon a shaft or spindle supported
in suitable bearings fixed within the frame of the window or to some
other convenient support either at the top, bottom, or sides of the
window. When the said shutters are arranged with the roller at the
top of the window as is most commonly the case, the said spindle is
provided with a worm wheel which is geared into a worm on the end
of a vertical shaft, whose lower end is connected by means of bevel
pinions with a handle or winch for raising or lowering the shutters.
In light shutters for dwelling house windows such as we have shown
in the Drawing, we prefer to dispense with the worm wheel and
gearing for operating the shutter. In this case we employ a hollow
axle or barrel d as shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4, which barrel may
be constructed of sheet iron or other light and strong material, the
joints a being connected to the said barrel in any ordinary and convenient
manner. The sheet-iron barrel or tube is secured to the end pieces d'
which are provided with rods or studs d which are fixed in the
sides of the window frame and whereon the barrel is supported to
turn freely. The inner ends of the said rods are supported in the
intermediate piece d³, or if desired one rod extending through the
barrel may be used. Inside the barrel d we place the springs g, g', g³,
which counteract the weight of the shutter. The said springs are
secured to the rods ds, and are so arranged that their resistance increases
in proportion to the weight of the shutter as the same; is uncoiled.
By this means the adjustment of the shutter is rendered very easy
and convenient as it can be raised or lowered with a very slight
exertion of force and will remain in any desired position. The grooves
or guideways h in which the studs or projections are fitted to slide
are preferably formed by placing together two parallel iron bars of
suitable section as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the said bars being

page_text: secured to the window frame or to the adjacent part of the building
in any suitable manner. By constructing the studs i with a head ¹
and fitting the same to work in a T-shaped groove or guideway great
additional strength is given to the shutter as any strain tending to
force its central portion inward is resisted by the heads ¹ which hold
the sides of the shutter firmly and thereby prevent the bending of the
bars c to an injurious extent. If desired instead of using these studs
or projections the sides of the shutter may be fitted to work in the
grooves h, but we do not consider the shutter when so arranged either
so convenient or so neat in appearance as when provided with such
studs or projections or some equivalent devices which will form both a
guide and stay for the shutter. We have shown the joints or links a
with straight or flat edges 1, 2, and we prefer to make them so as
the outer edges of each series of joints then form a continuous straight
surface when the shutter is closed or drawn down, but in some cases
where it is desirable or necessary to economise space, the said joints
may have their edges curved to suit the periphery of the roller or
barrel d. The guide roller which extends across the window and is
supported in suitable bearings at the sides of the same, is formed of
iron, steel, or other suitable material, and is preferably covered with
india-rubber. The shutter passes over this guide roller as it is raised
or lowered in the same manner as ordinary revolving shutters which
are usually provided with such rollers. The stops k are arranged to
come in contact with the upper part of the window frame and thereby
keep the shutter from being coiled too far upon the barrel d. A cord
or string may be attached to the link to facilitate the lowering of
the shutter. If desired the said shutters may be constructed with
portions of them closed or covered with metal, wood, or other suitable
material.
Having thus fully described our said Invention, and shown in what
manner the same may be conveniently and advantageously carried
into practice, we wish it understood that we do not claim or limit
ourselves to the use of any particular method of or means for opening,
closing, or adjusting the said shutters whether the same are arranged
to open and close either vertically. or horizontally; neither do we claim
the construction or arrangement of the barrel d nor the guide roller j
nor any particular method of supporting or arranging the same; but

page_text: we claim a revolving or coiling ventilating shutter constructed sub-
stantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry George Warren, Samuel
Stuckey, and Philip Froud, have hereunto set our hands and
seals, this Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
HENRY GEORGE WARREN. (L.S.)
SAMUEL STUCKEY.
PHILIP FROUD.
Witness,
THOS. N. PALMER,
Clerk to Messrs. Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
8, Southampton Buildings,
W.C.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)