An Improved Manufacture of Compound or Metal Coated Wires.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 6th Feb., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Manufacture of Compound or Metal Coated Wires.
I, EDOUARD MARTIN of 13 Rue des Petites-Ecuries, Paris, France, Operative,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved manufacture of compound wires consisting
of a core of iron or steel covered with a coating of copper. For this purpose
take a rod of iron or steel and upon this I cast a comparatively thick coating or
ingot of copper which may either be cylindrical or of other form, and I find it of
advantage to make it conical or tapering, such coating is made of a less length than
the iron or steel core, and by preference it is situated nearer that end of the core
which is the first to enter the rolls, because when passed through the rolls in a
heated condition the copper is forced more backward than forward, and conse-
quently tends to cover the rear end of the core sooner than the front end.
The casting of the covering or ingot of copper on to the iron or steel core is
effected by placing the latter in a vertical divided mould through a hole in the
bottom plate of which the core passes, the upper end being held in a central position
by a suitable support, which may consist of a half ring fitting in one side of
the space between the core and the mould and held in the top of the latter by a
handle.
The copper having been run into the mould and solidified, it is reheated in
a furnace and passed in a red hot condition between a pair of rolls which act upon
it so as to extend it along the core without extending the latter, this operation being
repeated until the core has become entirely covered at both ends.
By the combined action of heating and rolling the copper covering will have not
only become more or less welded to the iron or steel core, but there will also have
been formed an alloy of the two metals at the junction, such alloying being possible
on account of the perfect exclusion of the atmosphere from the point of union of
the two metals, preventing all oxidation.
The fact of the existence of such alloying of the two metals has been proved
by analysis which has shewn that the alloy extends to the very centre of
the core.
When the core has been covered by the copper as described, the rolling
operation is suspended for a short time, so as to allow the copper to cool some-
what, while the iron or steel core, which is not so good a heat conductor, retains its
temperature.
By this means the two metals are brought to a condition of equal ductility, with
unequal temperatures, and under these conditions the rolling process is continued,
whereby both the core and the coating become simultaneously extended to the same
extent. This rolling is continued until the core has attained about three times its
original length, after which the compound rod is reheated and is passed through the
finishing train of rolls for rolling it out into wire of the required thickness, this
operation being carried out as though the wire consisted of one metal only, as,
being firmly united by welding and alloying, the two metals practically
form one.
The wire is then finished in the ordinary manner.
11
2
1001
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Manufacture of Compound or Metal Coated Wires.
I, EDOUARD MARTIN, of 13 Rue des Petites-Ecuries, Paris, France, Operative,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to an improved manufacture of compound wires consisting
of a core of iron or steel covered with copper. For this purpose on a rod of
iron or steel I cast a thick coating or ingot of copper which may either be
cylindrical or of other sectional form, and I find it of advantage in some cases
to make it conical or tapering. I make the ingot of less length than the iron
or steel core, and by preference it is situated nearer that end of the core which is
the first to enter the rolls because when passed through the rolls in a heated
condition the copper is forced more backwards than forwards, and consequently
stretches more to the rear end of the core than to the front end. When I make the
copper covering conical, its smaller end is by preference towards the front or nearest
the end of the core.
The casting of the ingot of copper on the iron or steel core is effected by
placing the core in a divided mould having a hole through which one end of
the core is passed, the other end of the core being steadied in any suitable
manner. The copper having been run into the mould sets and contracts round
the core intimately adhering to it because there had been no such heating of core
as to cause oxidation.
The copper on the core, hot as it is taken from the mould, or may be reheated,
is passed between a pair of rolls which extend the copper along the core without
sensibly extending the core, and this operation is repeated until the whole length of
the core is covered by the copper.
By the combined action of the heating and rolling, the copper becomes welded to
the iron or steel core.
When the core is quite covered by the copper as described, the rolling is
suspended for a short time so as to allow the copper to cool somewhat, while
the iron or steel core which is not so good a heat conductor retains its
temperature.
Thus the two metals are brought to a condition of approximately equal ductility
at unequal temperatures, and under these conditions the rolling is continued,
whereby both the core and the coating become simultaneously and equally
extended. This rolling is continued until the core attains about three times its
original length, after which the compound rod may be reheated and passed through
a finishing train of rolls rolling it out into wire of the required gauge, this operation
being carried out as though the wire consisted of one metal only, so firmly are the
two metals united as practically to form one metal.
The wire is then finished in the ordinary manner.
Although I have described iron or steel as the metal of the core, and copper as
the metal of the coating, it is obvious that the like process may be applied to other
metals having suitable ductility to be thus treated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The herein described manufacture of compound or metal coated wire by casting
on a core of iron or steel a thick ingot of copper shorter than the core, rolling the
heated copper until it is extended to cover the whole length of the core, then,

page_text: after allowing certain cooling of the copper, rolling the compound bar at suitable
temperature to extend both metals uniformly and passing it if necessary through a
suitable train of rolls to bring the bar to the desired gauge.
Dated this 24th day of November 1891.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.