Improvements in or connected with Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 21st Feb., 1898-Accepted, 26th Mar., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Pneumatic Tyres.
We, HENRY GRENDON TIPPET, of The Mount, West Kirby, in the County of
Chester, Rubber Manufacturer, and JOSEPH HEWITT, of 18, Antonio Street, Haw-
thorne Road, Bootle, in the County of Lancaster, Foreman Rubber Worker, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
In pneumatic tyres as at present constructed, the cover or tyre proper, whether
used with or without an inner air tube, is strengthened or combined with canvas or
the like to enable it to resist the bursting strain of the air under pressure. The
canvas must therefore have little or no "give or stretch.
..
Now we have found that by substituting for the canvas or the like, some material
which has little or no give" in a transverse direction but which will readily
"give" or stretch in a direction longitudinal of the tyre, greater resiliency is
obtained, and a greater speed of running afforded, whilst sufficient resistance to
bursting is maintained.
Our invention therefore consists in substituting for the canvas or the like
material usually employed or combined in the cover or tyre proper, a material
having an elastic or yielding warp with a weft of little or no give," or an elastic
or yielding weft with a warp of little or no give," and in so arranging or
combining said material on or in the tyre that its direction of yield lies longitudinal
to the tyre.
To this end we may employ a material having a warp of indiarubber threads
with a weft of inelastic threads of any suitable material, such as for instance elastic
webbing, or we may employ any textile material without indiarubber threads,
having a similar property of yielding in one direction with little or no give in a
direction transverse to its direction of yield.
If desired, fabrics having the above property may be woven specially for the
said purpose by employing suitable materials for the warp and weft or by weaving
with a loose weft and tight warp, or with a special texture or in any of the ways
known to weavers for that purpose.
It will be readily understood that the invention is not limited to any particular
fabric as any material having the above property may be employed without
departing from the spirit of the invention, the essential feature of which consists
in forming the tyre proper with a yield or give in a longitudinal direction but with
little or no give in a transverse direction.
The invention is obviously applicable to pneumatic tyres of all kinds.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: improvements in or connected with Pneumatic Tyres.
We, HENRY GRENDON TIPPET, of The Mount, West Kirby, in the County of
Chester, Rubber Manufacturer, and JOSEPH HEWITT, of 18, Antonio Street, Haw-
thorne Road, Bootle, in the County of Lancaster, Foreman Rubber Worker, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
In pneumatic tyres as at present constructed, the cover or tyre proper, whether
used with or without an inner air tube, is strengthened or combined with canvas or
the like to enable it to resist the bursting strain of the air under pressure.
canvas must therefore have little or no give" or stretch.
..
The
Now we have found that by substituting for the canvas or the like, some material
which has little or no give" in a transverse direction but which will readily
give"
or stretch in a direction longitudinal of the tyre, greater resiliency is
obtained, and a greater speed of running afforded, whilst sumcient resistance to
bursting is maintained.
Our invention therefore consists in substituting for the canvas or the like
material usually employed or combined in the cover or tyre proper, a material
having an elastic or yielding warp with a weft of little or no "give," or an elastic
or yielding weft with a warp of little or no give," and in so arranging or
combining said material on or in the tyre that its direction of yield lies longitudinal
to the tyre.
To this end we may employ a material having a warp of indiarubber threads
with a weft of inelastic threads of any suitable material, such as for instance elastic
webbing, or we may employ any textile material without indiarubber threads,
having a similar property of yielding in one direction with little or no give in a
direction transverse to its direction of yield.
If desired, fabrics having the above property may be woven specially for the
said purpose by employing suitable materials for the warp and weft or by weaving
with a loose weft and tight warp, or with a special texture or in any of the ways
known to weavers for that purpose.
It will be readily understood that the invention is not limited to any particular
fabric as any material having the above property may be employed without
departing from the spirit of the invention, the essential feature of which consists
in forming the tyre proper with a yield or give in a longitudinal direction but with
little or no give in a transverse direction.
For the further understanding of the invention the accompanying drawings are
appended.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a section of a tyre,
Figure 2 a view showing one way of making a lining which will be extensible
longitudinally but not transversely.
In these A is the ordinary tyre, B the lining formed with transverse threads,
and also as far as regards the portions between the points C and D with longitudinal
threads also with little or no give or in other words practically inextensible, but
its longitudinal threads between the two points in the portion DE C with
extensible longitudinal threads only. In thus speaking of elastic threads it is
obvious that so long as it be elastic in one direction and rigid in another it is not
necessary that the material should be woven throughout, thus if a band were
formed with close woven edges, close woven weft, and with a wide space devoid
of weft, and while this band was stretched it was coated with indiarubber as shown

page_text: in Figure 2 where the dotted lines represent the rubber so that the weft threads
would lie evenly spaced throughout and in tension the resulting band would be
practically as good as if woven with indiarubber threads in the central portion,
the only object of the indiarubber threads being to evenly space the transverse
threads and form a strong elastic longitudinal sheet. If however the stretched
transverse threads be embedded in rubber it makes no matter whether that rubber
be two longitudinal sheets of rubber, one on each side of the threads and firmly
connected together by rubber solution or be moulded in rubber on the threads
themselves while in tension. Further a band woven such as described could be
attached by solution while in the stretched condition to the rubber cover by means
of the solution without any longitudinal sheet rubber or with a band of sheet rubber
fastened by solution on the inner surface, thus closing the transverse threads
between it and the cover, the whole being cemented together by solution and the
strip of rubber being fastened on when the solution was only tacky.
The invention is applicable to pneumatic tyres of all kinds not merely those for
bicycles or tricycles, but also those for carriages.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. The improvement in or connected with pneumatic tyres which consists in
forming the cover or tyre proper, whether used with or without an inner air tube,
with an internal lining or canvas formed of material inextensible transversely but
elastic and extensible longitudinally substantially as described.
2. In a cover or tyre proper the combination of the main central portion of the
lining extensible longitudinally but not transversely with portions a short distance
from the edges practically inextensible in both directions substantially as
described:
1000
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Patent Agents, of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham and London.