IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOGRAPHIC PRINTING APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Salkeld Borradaile, of 7, Union Court, Old Broad
Street, in the City of London, Gentleman, for the Invention of " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOGRAPHIC PRINTING APPARATUS." A
communication from abroad by Michael Flürscheim, of Gaggenau, in the Empire
of Germany.
Sealed the 18th November 1879, and dated the 19th August 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Salkeld Borradaile
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1879.
THOMAS SALKELD BORRADAILE, of 7, Union Court, Old Broad Street, in the City
of London, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOGRAPHIC
PRINTING APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by Michael Flürscheim, of
Gaggenau, in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention has for it object to remedy the drawbacks inherent to the usual
systems of autographic printing. Instead of the flat surface upon which the repro-
duction of the writing or drawing takes place, and of the intermittent method of
feeding by which on the one hand the copies cannot generally be prepared very
distinctly, and on the other a great deal of time is wasted while printing only one
page, I so construct the apparatus according to my Invention as to secure perfect
clearness and precision in the reproduction of each copy, whilst at the same time I
am enabled to print each sheet either on one or both sides simultaneously, and to.
keep up a continuous feeding operation either by hand or by mechanical means.
To this end I construct a roller which I wrap in, or imbue with, a suitable com-
position for causing the original writing or drawing to adhere thereto, and I furnish
the same with an appropriate handle. Upon a board, or generally a flat surface, I
place the sheets to be printed upon with the original autograph at the top, and I fix
these by means of a clip in such a manner as to be enabled by pressing upon the
clip to successively release the sheets. The original autograph having by the first
rolling motion been transferred upon the prepared roller, am enabled to produce

page_text: a facsimile thereof upon all subsequent sheets, releasing the same by pressure on the
clip as soon as they are printed, and all this by a continuous process, without
requiring a "lay "as in ordinary lithographic or autographic printing. By a modi-
fication in the arrangement of the apparatus constructed according to my Inven-
tion I provide two or more prepared rollers working within suitable bearings and
actuated by means of a crank and gearings or other appropriate mechanisms. I so
fit these rollers with gearings, springs, or other suitable appliances as to be able to
vary their distance from one another. I either place the sheets to be printed on
upon a table or plate forming part of the framework of the apparatus, and push
them in by hand on one side and let them come out on the other, or else I produce
the feeding operation upon the plan usual in continuous feed printing machines.
By this modification I am enabled to print a writing or drawing on both sides
instead of only one side of the paper.
By another modification in the application of my Invention I spread the com-
position upon the lower surface of a hand pad, and upon the same I transfer the
writing or drawing; the pad being furnished with a handle, whereby I am enabled
to reproduce writings or drawings, more especially on a small scale, by means of a
manual process similar to the use of a stamp or dye.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Salkeld Borradaile in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th February 1880.
THOMAS SALKELD BORRADAILE, of 7, Union Court, Old Broad Street, in the City
of London, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOGRAPHIC
A communication from abroad by Michael Flürscheim, of
PRINTING APPARATUS."
Gaggenau, in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention has for its object to remedy the drawbacks inherent to the usual
systems of autographic printing. In these systems the writing or drawing to be
reproduced is transferred upon a flat surface, and an intermittent feeding process
is employed, by which a considerable amount of time is wasted, and withal the
sheets of writing or drawing can be printed only on one side, and the copies cannot
generally be, prepared very distinctly, and are liable to fade in a comparatively
short time owing to the inequality of the pressure brought to bear upon the various
parts of the surface of the composition: In the apparatus constructed according to
my Invention, on the the contrary, I secure perfect clearness and precision in the
printing of each individual copy, and at the same time I am enabled to reproduce
the original writing or drawing either on one or both sides of the sheet simul-
taneously, or else to print the two sides in one colour, or both sides or either side
in several, colours successively, and to keep up a continuous feeding operation either
by hand or by automatic means in lieu of the intermittent feeding method at
present in use.
To this end I provide a roller, which I wrap in or imbue with a suitable com-
position for causing the original writing or drawing to adhere thereto, and I furnish
such roller with an appropriate handle. The sheets to be printed on I place upon
a board, or generally a flat surface, with the original autograph at the top, and I
fix these by means of a clip in such a manner as to enable any-one by pressing upon
the clip to release the sheets in succession. The original autograph, having by
the first rolling motion been transferred upon the prepared roller I am enabled to
.produce a facsimile thereof upon, all subsequent sheets, releasing the same by
pressure on the clip as soon as they are printed, and all this by a continuous
process, without requiring a "lay" as in ordinary lithographic or autographic
printing..
By a modification in the application of my Invention I spread the composition
upon the lower surface of a hand-pad, and upon the same I transfer the writing or
drawing, the pad being furnished with a handle, whereby I am enabled to repro-
duce writings or drawings, more especially on a small scale, by means of a manual
process similar to the use of a stamp, or dye.
By another modification in the arrangement of the apparatus. constructed
according to my Invention I provide one, two, or more. prepared rollers working
within suitable bearings, and actuated by means of cranks and gearings or other
appropriate mechanisms. If several rollers be employed they may be collocated by
superposition, that is to say, one being placed above the other, or by juxtaposition,
that is to say, upon the plan of being placed side by side to one another, according
to the nature of the material or composition of which the rollers consist or with
which they are imbued, and according to the unity or multiplicity of the colours in
which the copies of the writing or drawing are to be produced. I either arrange
the prepared rollers in such a way as to exercise the necessary pressure upon one
another so as simultaneously to print the two sides of a sheet, and so fit them with
gearings, springs, or other suitable appliances as to be able to vary their distance
from, and keep them out of contact with one another when required, the integu-
ment of such rollers consisting of a suitable plastic material to which the original

page_text: autograph adheres in the way in which this has hitherto been effected upon flat
surfaces, or I transfer the autograph upon the cylindrical surface of the rollers in
the manner in which this is usually done in lithography, and I furnish each printing
roller with inking and pressure rollers, such printing rollers or their integument
consisting of a stone composition, whose cylindrical surface is capable of being
worked upon in the same manner as the plain surface of the ordinary lithographic
stones. In this arrangement I place the sheets to be printed on upon a table or
frame forming part of the framework of the apparatus, and I effect the feed either
by pushing and pulling by hand or else by automatic means upon the plan of
continuous feed printing machines. By combining a series of these rollers I am
enabled to print the sheets successively on both sides or else in several colours.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 is a cross section of a roller
with handle and appurtenances constructed according to my Invention for the
¡purpose of autographic printing. To the flat board A a clip B is fitted by means
of a spring C. The sheets of paper, parchment, cloth, or other material to be
'printed on (D) are placed upon the board A, and kept down by the spring. E is
the roller wrapt in or imbued with a plastic integument or composition to which
the original autograph being placed at the top of the sheets is capable of adhering.
'Such autograph having been reproduced upon the roller E, furnished with the
'handle F, by means of the rolling motion exhibited in dotted lines in Figure 2,
the sheets D may be successively printed, and when printed released by a pressure
on to clip B, which pressure may be produced by the handle F itself, as shewn in
-Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a pad furnished with a similar adhesive integument as the roller E,
Figure 1. By producing the autograph upon the surface of this pad in the same
-manner in which it is done upon the roller E heretofore described I am enabled to
produce such autograph through the pressure of the hand alone upon a number of
sheets in succession, this feature of my Invention being especially useful for the
reproduction of writings or drawings on a small scale.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal, and Figure 5 a cross section of an apparatus con-
structed according to my Invention for doing upon a cylindrical surface, and by a
*continuous process the same work that is usually done by an intermittent process
upon the plain surface of lithographic stones. A is a roller wrapt in an integu-
'ment of stone composition, actuated on one side by the crank and handle B, for
"which, in the case of automatic motion, a rigger or other equivalent mechanical
appliance may be substituted, and on the other, connected by means of a set of
gearings with the superincumbent roller D, sheathed in india rubber or other
suitable elastic material, and pressed upon the roller A by the springs E, E, for
the purpose of guiding the sheets between these two rollers; the cogs of the
contrate-wheel m of the gearing C being capable of sliding up and down within
the upper cogs of the gearing p. By the inking roller F, which is dipped within
'and fed from the inking trough G; the necessary ink is spread upon the roller A,
..the lateral scrapers f, f, removing the surplus of ink from the roller F whilst the
screw t enables the distance of the trough G and the inking roller F from the
'roller A to be varied according to requirements. I is the framework of
'the apparatus, within which slide the bearings a, d, g, of the rollers A, D, F, whilst
the staple J, acted upon by the cam K, has for its object to throw the roller D out
of contact with the roller A when D is not required to press upon the sheets to bo
printed. The feeding of the roller A takes place from the board M, and the printed
'sheets fall upon the board N, or vice-versa; these boards being fitted to the
brackets x, y, respectively. When the same sheet is to be printed upon both sides
or in several colours I provide a succession of sets of rollers placed side by side of

page_text: one another, each set of rollers having a separate framework, or one frame doing
duty for them all; the board N, for receiving the printed sheets, being in that case
required only for the last set of rollers, and the feeding board M only for the first.
For printing sheets on both sides simultaneously I arrange two rollers O, P,
Figure 6, above one another in the same manner in which the rollers A, D, are
arranged in Figures 4 and 5. I furnish these rollers with plastic integuments in
the same way as the roller E, Figure 1, and I place them within frames in the
manner shown in Figures 4 and 5, the inking roller F and the appliances pertaining
thereto being suppressed in that case.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and illustrated the same
in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, I wish it to be understood that I do not
claim the use of or employment of plastic substances for reproducing writings or
drawings thereon, nor do I claim the use of stone rollers for printing purposes, but
what I claim is,-
First. The use of or employment of prepared rollers for autographic printing in
the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Secondly. The use or employment of hand pads with prepared integuments for
autographic printing in the manner herein described and illustrated in Figure 3 of
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Thirdly. The use or employment of rollers sheathed in a stone composition for
continuous autographic printing in the manner herein set forth and illustrated in
Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings; and,
Lastly. The use or employment of two prepared rollers for simultaneous printing
on both sides of a sheet in the manner herein set forth and illustrated in Figure 6
of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Salkeld Borradaile, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
J. T. DANN,
32, Canterbury Road,
Brixton, S.W.
THOMAS SALKELD BORRADAILE. (L.S.)