Improvements in Continuous Spinning, Doubling, Winding, and Twisting Machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 30th Mar., 1895
Improvements in Continuous Spinning, Doubling, Winding, and
Twisting Machines.
I GUILLAUME LAURENCY, of Dalhain in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to improvements in the construction and combination of
the appliances in continuous spinning doubling or twisting machines for spinning,
doubling or twisting yarns of any nature for the purpose of permitting these
machines to operate upon any kind of roving yarn or thread whatsoever its resistance
may be and form cops thereof of convenient shape by winding (enwrapping) on thin
tubes of paper or other material or over pirns of small diameter.
These improvements more especially relate to those parts which give the twist to
the roving or the like and wind the yarn on the cop.
These parts or appliances differ from those heretofore used for the same purpose
both in their construction and in the manner in which they fulfil their different
functions.
In the annexed drawing.
Fig. 1 represents a cross section of the pin or spindle upon which the cop is
formed. A is the bar actuated with a rising and falling movement and supporting
the spindles of the machine. The tubular sheath or covering L of the spindle
freely turns on a pin El projecting downward from a block E and projecting into a
hole arranged for this purpose in the upper end of the core of the spindle B. A
slot provided in the block E forms a channel for the passage of the lubricating oil.
A spring finger H prevents the sheath from rising during the removal of the
bobbins. This spring curves inwards at its upper end at e. When the spindle rises
towards the mechanism R, M, N hereinafter described, the shoulder formed by the
bent extremity of this spring passes into the flaring mouth m of the socket M and
this forces the spring H to approach the ring of the sheath L and to present its
extremity e above said ring in such a manner that when the bobbin is taken off the
sheath, this latter is retained at the lower extremity by the spring finger H.
Fig. 2 represents the spindle with a cop forming thereon and shows also in
sectional view the mechanism for producing the torsion and winding. M is a socket
carried by the plate N of the frame and upon which turns the ring P; this socket
is constructed to form a circular reservoir R, which encloses the bearing portion of
the circle P and serves as an oil bath. The ring P is positively driven by power
through a belt or cord encircling its circumference. The ring P carries the fixed
eyes or hooks G G' and a counterpoised hook K which latter is allowed to oscillate
horizontally on the screw or pin which connects it to the ring in such a manner as
to approach or recede from the centre of the socket M in the axis of which the
spindle moves.
The anti-ballooning guide O (Fig. 2) formed by a horizontal supporting bar in
front of each spindle and provided with projections formed by an iron wire O¹ bent
to form at its middle part between said projections a semi-circular recess corre-
sponding to the bobbin, is placed about midway of the height between the rotary
ring P and the pig-tail eye through which the roving is passed after it issues from
the cylinders. It is made so that it can be swung down into a horizontal plane as
shown in Fig. 2B; or be swung upward as shown in Fig. 2 in order to enable the
bobbins to be lifted off.

page_text: This anti-ballooning thread guide, contrary to those in ordinary use, does not
participate in the rising and falling movement of the hobbin, because in this machine
the spindle is actuated by the rising and falling movement, whilst in other
continuous spinning machines it is the winding mechanism to which this movement
is applied.
The operation of these different mechanisms is as follows:-
The roving to be spun, arriving continuously from the feed cylinders, first passes
through the ordinary guide, then to the above described guide 0¹, and through one
of the hooks G; thence it passes through the bent up extremity of the hook K
which winds it around the sheath.
As the bobbins are here built up of superposed conical layers, the winding of the
yarn must be caused to take place at equal tension on all the diameters of this cone,
thus since the drag of the sheath is less for a large than for a small diameter of
winding, it follows that the resistance of said sheath to follow the rotation of the
ring must be made to vary according to the variations of the diameters which the
bobbin presents at the place where the thread is being wound on.
This variation in the resistance is obtained by producing a friction, the
intensity of which is variable either on the bobbin or on a ring provided for this
purpose.
The variable friction on the bobbin is obtained automatically by means of the
brake D (Fig. 2°) suitably supported in any way to oscillate on its pivot D¹; when
the yarn is winding on the small diameter of the cop the brake D leaves the cop
almost untouched but as the diameter of the latter in contact with the brake
increases, it will exert a correspondingly greater friction against this brake D as the
increase of diameter displaces the brake and the centre of gravity of its counter
weight F is relatively displaced.
2
The same result can be obtained by direct friction upon the sheath of the spindle
by means of mechanism connected with the displacement of the spindle frame. In
Fig. 2, S is the brake which causes the friction by its contact with a conical ring J
on the sheath; this friction is proportionate to the weight and to the position of
the counterpoise F with regard to its axis of oscillation, which is also that of the
brake S, where this latter is pivoted in the bars V (see Fig. 3). These latter are
firmly attached to each other and guided to slide on the bar A. In this sliding they
displace this axis of oscillation and consequently also the centre of gravity of the
weight F. The movement of the bars V may be obtained in different ways; thus
for instance in Fig. 2, X is a plate provided with ratchet or saw teeth fixed on the
framework of the machine and against this ratchet plate works a thrust arm U
which, under the alternative vertical movement of the bar A causes a to and fro
movement of the bars V. When the bar A is in its position of ascent and winding
occurs on the largest part of the diameter of the cone, the bars V are pushed back
by the thrust arm U which tends to assume a horizontal position and the pressure
from the weight F will thus be increased; this pressure diminishes on the descending
movement of the spindle V as the thrust arm U gradually assumes its original
position.
J (Figs. 2, 3 and 5) is a ring of leather, metal, paper, ebony or of other com-
position or material and serves to protect the sheath from direct wear and tear from
the brake.
In the mechanism shown in Fig. 5, the operation is the same except that the
weight F is replaced by a spring 6 and the bars V by rod e the displacement of
which by rod Û and ratchet X imparts a greater or less tension to said spring of
which the one end takes a bearing against a nut or collar on rod e and the other end
bears against a sleeve on said rod or otherwise which latter sleeve is free to bear
against the lever of brake S. A flexible blade or any other kind of spring will of
course produce the same result.
The lever of the brake S is pivoted on to bar A but the spring may also be
arranged so as to act directly upon the ring J without the intermediation of this
lever brake S.

page_text: The spring H, which is intended to prevent the sheath (see Figs. 1 and 2*) from
rising when the bobbins are lifted off, may be replaced by the bow H¹ (Figs. 2
and 4). During operation this bow rests with its own weight against a stud el but
on the lifting of the spindle frame for removal of the bobbins, said bow will arrive
with its upper part against the interior m of the socket M (Fig. 2) and will be
consequently deflected inwards above the ring, which forms a part of the sheath, so
as thus to prevent the latter from rising with the bobbin.
The up and down movement of the spindles is imparted to the bar A by the
mechanism shown in Fig. 6. A heart-shaped eccentric c, of a construction known
and already applied in most continuous spinning frames, causes a beam & to
Oscillate on a fulcrum f, this beam being terminated by a fork which actuates in
direction of its length an arbor g having at its two extremities endless screws
which act as racks and mesh with two toothed wheels keyed on the ends of two
shafts i, i. These shafts pass parallel with the bars A, A along the whole length
of the spinning frame, and carry at convenient distances a suitable number of
pulleys on each of which latter is fixed the extremity of a chain which holds with
its opposite extremity the sliding pillar on which the bar A is provided; the
whole is arranged in such a way that the oscillation of the beam d in the one and
in the other direction will communicate to the bars A a regular alternative up and
down movement corresponding to each conical winding.
It is however further necessary that the initial or mean position of the bars A.
should descend gradually as the cop gradually forms and that therefore the
wheels i, i he intermittently actuated by a rotary movement on each rising and
falling movement of the bars A, displacing at each of these movements the initial
position of said bars A. For this purpose I utilize a pawl or dog to which back
and forth movement may be given, and which is already applied to analogous
movements in continuous spinning frames, and the arrangement and operation will
be understood, without any further description, by anybody skilled in the art,
This pawl or dog drives a ratchet wheel S thus intermittently communicating a
rotary motion to the arbor g and by rotating the endless screws which act as racks
gives a corresponding moveinent to the ratchet wheels i, i.
For forming the core or base of the cop the yarn must be wound up in increasing
cones; the course of the bars A and consequently the amplitude of the oscillating
movement of the beam d must be capable of being proportionately modified, that
is to say, while at the beginning of the formation of the cop the amplitude
of oscillation is slightest, it must constantly increase until the core is totally
formed.
For this purpose I have provided a system of levers t, t¹ of which t¹ is connected
to a lever p ending in a cam, which turns on a fixed gudgeon f and which forms the
fulcrum for the lever d. The greater or less distance of the pivot f from the
beam d due to the oscillation of the cam results in more or less extensive oscillations
of the beam. The levers t, t¹ act upon the lever p until the tappet r turning with
the wheel comes into contact with the lever t From this construction, as the
formation of the cop takes place, the wheel ¹ having turned the tappet r gradually
towards its lowest point (the tappet having been at the beginning, for instance,
in such position as to displace the lever t for the necessary amount) the tappet will
thenceforth recede from the said rod, thus coming during the oscillations of the
wheelgradually less in displacing contact, that is to say into a gradually less
prolonged contact with levert which causes the distance between the point ƒ and
the beam d to vary and the oscillation of the latter to increase in such a manner as
to likewise increase the course of the bars A. A; the opposite takes place when
the tappet approaches the arm t that is to say, when, for the purpose of com-
mencing a fresh bobbin the arbor b is turned by means of the hand crank in order
to return the bars A to their starting point. A counterpoised lever serves to keep
up a constant contact between the cam of the lever p and the beam d. The
counterweight of this lever may also be replaced by any spring that will naturally
produce the same effect.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In a continuous spinning, winding, or twisting machine :-
1. A spindle or device on which the cop may be formed, comprising a central
fixed core and an outer rotary sheath supported by a pin bearing at the upper end
of said core, the block carrying the hearing part in said sheath having a passage
way for feed of lubricant from the upper end of said sheath to said pin bearing.
2. The combination of a spindle comprising a core and a tubular sheath having
a flange at the base of said sheath, with a finger adapted to normally stand free
from said flange and a chamber in the winding frame or part corresponding thereto
adapted, when said winding and spindle frames or supports are brought together,
to cause said finger to paas over the flange for the purpose of locking said sheath
during the removal of the cop.
3. A winding and spinning device consisting of a rotary ring P carried by or in
a socket having or forming an oil bath for the frictional bearing flange of said ring
the latter having guides such as G G¹ K. for the roving or yarn and being adapted
to be positively driven.
4. The anti ballooning guide having the wire 01 bent as herein described said
guide being removable in any suitable manner from its operative position with
regard to the spindle.
5. A friction brake comprising a lever pivoted at its centre, and provided at one
extremity with a weight or spring and at the other end with a brake face adapted to
lie in contact with the cop and to be displaced, and so displace its weight or other-
wise alter the moment or force of its load, as it rides upon a smaller or greater
diameter of said bobbin.
6. A friction brake adapted to operate upon a ring or equivalent on the spindle
said brake being operated by a weight or spring the moment or load of which is
automatically made to correspond with the rise and fall of the movable part causing
the winding to be on a smaller or larger diameter of the cop.
7. A friction brake adapted to operate as set forth and having the fulcrum of its
lever in a sliding bar adapted by movement given to it to alter the moment of the
counterweight or force of the spring operating said brake.
8. The combination of the brake S and sliding bar V of the thrust arm U and
the ratchet X for the purpose set forth.
9. The combination with a frame carrying the spindles of an oscillatory beam
operated by an excentric, a shaft reciprocating longitudinally by said beam, endless
screws on said shaft operating as rack bars toothed wheel meshing with said screws
means for causing the rotary movement of said toothed wheels to operate the up
and down movement of the spindle frames and a pawl movement adapted to give
intermittent rotation to said shaft for altering the initial position of oscillation of
the wheels for the purpose set forth.
10. The combination with the gear described in Claim 9 of a cam for adjusting
the position of fulcrum of said beam, levers controlling the position of the cam,
and a gudgeon on one of said wheels adapted to displace said levers and cam in a
decreasing measure at each oscillation during and until the base or core of the cop
has been formed.
11. The bereindescribed construction and combination of parts adapted to
co-operate for the formation of cops in the manner set forth.
Dated this 30th day of November 1894.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Agents to Applicant.