IMPROVEMENTS IN SKYLIGHT AND SASH BARS AND In the GLAZING OF THE SAME.”
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Rawlings, of Hackney Road, Middlesex, Moulding
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKYLIGHT AND SASH
BARS AND In the GLAZING OF THE SAME.”
"
IM-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Rawlings at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1877.
JOHN RAWLINGS, of Hackney Road, Middlesex, Moulding Manufacturer.
PROVEMENTS IN SKYLIGHT AND SASH BARS, AND IN THE GLAZING OF THE SAME."
This Invention has for its object improvements in skylight and sash bars, and in
the glazing of the same.
Such bars may be made either of wood, metal, or any other suitable material, but
preferably of wood, owing to its natural shrinkage, as hereafter stated.
My Invention consists in forming the bar with a projecting flange or cap, which
I undercut, so as to form a shield or drip over the face of the putty when inserted
therein, whereby all moisture is carried off, and the putty is thus protected from the
action of the sub, rain, and wind. I bevil off the outer edge of such flange or
cap, so that the space left between the glass when fitted in the bar and such outer
edge is narrower than that left between the glass and internal extremity of the
groove or recess formed by such undercut, and, consequently, the substance of the
putty is wider in such recess than at the outer edge, thus adding additional
strength and durability to the sash or skylight. Also by this arrangement I
securely fix and dovetail the putty in position, and render it impossible for the
same to become loose or displaced owing to its exposure to atmospheric influence, at
the same time that such flange or cap protects the putty from being damaged by
the boards or scaffolding ordinarily used for glazing and other purposes.
One particular advantage of the application of my Invention to wooden skylight
or sash bars is that under ordinary circumstances the putty cannot be forced out
from the notch or dovetail formed by the undercut in the flange or cap formed
therein, as before described, as even when the adhesive properties of the putty are

page_text: diminished or lost owing to age, the putty is gripped as tightly or even more
tightly in position than at first owing to the natural shrinkage of the wood.
My improvements in glazing such improved skylight and sash bars consist in
using for such purpose an improved cement or putty, which from its peculiar com-
position is well calculated to resist the action of the sun, wind, and rain, and far
exceeds in durability any putty or cement hitherto in use.
I manufacture such improved putty or cement in the following manner:-I take
suitable portions of white lead, litharge, and sand, or other suitable siliceous
material, and grind or roll the same well together until the mixture becomes
thoroughly mellow. I then take hempen or other fibre, and cut the same into
convenient lengths, which I afterwards well saturate in a mixture of linseed oil and
red lead, and I then knead them with the rolled materials until the whole becomes
thoroughly mixed together. Such improved cement or putty when dry is thoroughly
impervious to all atmospheric influence, and its durability is practically everlasting.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Rawlings in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th April
1878.
"IM-
JOHN RAWLINGS, of Hackney Road, Middlesex, Moulding Manufacturer.
PROVEMENTS IN SKYLIGHT AND SASH BARS, AND IN THE GLAZING OF THE SAME."
This Invention has for its object improvements in skylight and sash bars, and in
the glazing of the same.
Such bars may be made either of wood, metal, or any other suitable material, but
preferably of wood, owing to its natural shrinkage, as hereafter stated.
And in order that my said Invention may be better understood and more readily
carried into effect, I will now, with the aid of the accompanying Drawings (whereon
similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts), proceed to more particularly
describe and ascertain the same.
Figures 1 and 2 of such Drawings respectively shew sectional views of my
improved dovetail skylight or sash bar; the first of such Figures shewing the same
partly glazed with my improved putty or cement (c being the glass, and d, the
putty or cement); and Figure 3 is a sectional view of a portion of the sash frame.
My Invention consists in forming the bar a with a projecting flange or cap a¹,
which I undercut or dovetail, as shewn at b, so as to form a shield or drip over the
face of the putty or cement when inserted therein, whereby all moisture is carried
off, and the putty or cement is thus effectually protected from the action of the
sun, rain, and wind, and from being damaged by the boards or scaffolding ordinarily
used for glazing and other purposes. I bevil off the outer edge of such flange or
cap a¹, as shewn in the Drawings, so that the space left between the glass when
fitted in the bar and such outer edge is narrower than the space left between the
glass and the internal extremity of the groove or recess formed by such undercut or
dovetail, and, consequently, there is a thicker and wider substance of putty or
cement in such recess than at the outer edge, thus adding additional strength and

page_text: durability to the sash or skylight by firmly embedding the glass therein, so as to
prevent all vibration or shaking.
By this arrangement I also securely fix and dovetail the putty or cement in
position, and render it impossible for the same to become loose or displaced owing
to shrinkage from exposure to atmospheric influence, as where wooden skylight or.
sash bars are employed as ordinarily practised, the putty or cement cannot be forced
out from the notch or dovetail b even when its adhesive properties have diminished
by age, as from the natural shrinkage of the wood it is still gripped as tightly, or
even more tightly, than when first inserted therein.
My improvements in glazing such skylight and sash bars consist in using an im-
proved cement or putty, which, from its peculiar composition, is well calculated
to resist the action of the sun, wind, and rain, and far exceeds in durability any
putty or cement hitherto in use.
I manufacture such improved putty or cement in the following manner :-I take
suitable portions of white lead, litharge, and sand, or other suitable siliceous
material, say, in the following proportions, videlicet:-7 lbs. white lead, 7 lbs. silica,
2 lbs. litharge, 8 ozs. fibre, 4 ozs. red lead, 8 ozs. linseed oil, and I grind or roll the
same well together until the mixture becomes thoroughly mellow. I then take
hempen or other fibre, and cut the same into convenient lengths, after which I well
saturate it in a mixture of linseed oil and red lead, and then knead them with the
rolled materials until the whole becomes thoroughly mixed together. Such im-
proved cement or putty when dry is thoroughly impervious to all atmospheric
influence, and its durability is practically everlasting. It is also well adapted for
use for ordinary glazing purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood
that I claim,
Firstly. The making a skylight or sash bar either in wood or other suitable
material, with a projecting cap or flange, having an undercut notch or dovetail
formed therein, substantially in the manner and for the purposes, herein-before
described, and illustrated.
Secondly. I claim the manufacture and use of my improved cement or putty,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before set forth..
In witness whereof, I, the said John Rawlings, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
ELT & CO.,
British and Foreign Patent Office,
33, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane,
London, W.C.
JOHN RAWLINGS. (L.S.)