Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 28th July, 1899-Accepted, 2nd Sept.,
1899
I, ERNEST THOMAS HEADECHI, of Eastwell Park, Ashford, in the County of Kent,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in hydrocarbon motors chiefly in con-
nection with the cylinder, the oil vapourising apparatus, the exhausting and
silencing devices and governor.
According to my invention the cylinder comprises two separate parts; the water
jacket and the cylinder proper, an annular space being left between them, the
jacket is preferably a casting, and is cored out to allow of inwardly projecting
Hanges that may be turned to such tapers as may be required. The flanges are
provided at each end and project outwardly as well as inwardly so as to provide
means for holding the cylinder.
The cylinder is preferably a casting. The end towards the crank is provided
with a taper collar corresponding to the taper before mentioned on the front end
of the jacket to which it is ground to a true fitting joint. The admission end of
cylinder is also provided with a similar taper joint and is cast with a flange of the
same diameter as that on the corresponding end of the jacket to which the cylinder
flange is bolted, thus drawing the ground taper joints firmly together and making
a water tight joint between cylinder and jacket in the annular space between
the jacket and the cylinder water is circulated for cooling the cylinder. By this
method of construction the cylinder may be withdrawn for reboring or for any
other purpose without disturbing other parts of the engine, by simply removing
the nuts by which the jacket is connected to the cylinder.
The oil vapourising apparatus according to this invention projects into the
compression space of the cylinder and it consists of the following parts.
A tube which I will call the outer tube made of a good heat conducting metal
such as copper or gunmetal for instance and of smaller diameter than the bore
of the engine cylinder is provided at its inner end with 3 or more lugs or pro-
jections which fit the bore of the cylinder enabling it to be held firmly in position.
A portion of the said tube projects beyond the end of the cylinder and is provided
at its outer end with a series of radiating rings or gills to facilitate the heating
of the tube externally when starting the engine by means of a blow lamp or
other heating device." At a point stated say about a third from the outer end
of the said tube, an external flange projecting admits of the tube being bolted to
a valve box formed in one with the cylinder cover and fitting with a coned and
ground in joint.
The cylinder cover with the valve box is bolted to the cylinder end, fitting
with a coned or plain joint. The valve box carries an air valve on a detachable
fitting or case for admission of the air to an annular space formed between the
outer tube and the cylinder walls, also a relief valve for lowering compression
suddenly if required, and an ignition plug.

page_text: The ignition may be effected by an electric current, or by other means common
among internal combustion motors. Oil is conducted into the annular space
between the said outer tube and an inner tube constituting the exhaust passage
at about the centre of the radiating part already described. To the outer end of
the inner tube is connected by a flange and conical joint the exhaust outlet pipe
or passage, the inner tube is fitted in the same way as the cylinder and jacket the
cuds of the inner tube being ground into the ends of the outer tube, and its
inner end is provided with a seating for the exhaust valve, which may be either a
ball, or semicircular, faced.
The external surface of the inner tube may be screwthreaded or provided with
grooves through its entire length within the outer tube so as to provide a greater
heating surface on which to spray the oil.
The inner tube projecting beyond the end of the outer tube at its outer end to
allow of a connection with the exhaust pipe as aforesaid carries a cone to hold a
tension spring for keeping the valve normally closed and to act as a guide to the
valve spindle which passes through it, the spring pressing against a collar or
washer on end of the said spindle.
The exhaust gases, or products of combustion are led from the inner tube by
way of the connection before mentioned along a tapered exhaust pipe, the orifice
at each end being proportionate in area to the area of cylinder and to the amount
of compression used; the smaller end of the taper pipe is fitted to the inner tube
connection, and the larger end is provided with a hollow receptacle preferably,
of a spherical form provided with nozzles of a conical form with
their small ends screwed or otherwise fitted to the said receptacle, and their large
ends or exhaust mouths open to the atmosphere for allowing the exhaust gases
gradually and quietly to expand.
Into the annular space between the two tubes constituting the exhaust passage
and vapourizer oil is sprayed in a fine jet either by a pump direct, or by the
suction of the piston, or by any other means necessary to give a thin jet which
oil may be mixed with a little air or not as desired. Connection between the
annular oil space and the cylinder may be made by means of a tube connecting it
with the space under the air valve, in which case the said tube would be pro-
vided with a non-return valve to prevent pressure being set up in the vapourising
space; or, by perforations or orifices made near the inner end of the outer tube in
this case the non-return valve being provided in the oil pipe or inlet.
The governing gear according to my invention may be carried on the cylinder
jacket, and consists of a spindle geared to rotate at half the speed of the crank
shaft, having a two armed lever pivotted thereto, one arm being shorter and
the longer arm being bent round parallel to the shaft and pivotted to a fork on one
face of an adjustable swash plate or disc. The swash plate or disc is provided with
a second fork diametrically opposite to which fork is connected the end of one of
two weighted lever arms the other end of said lever arms is pivotted to the short
arm of the two armed lever before referred to the whole acting as a centrifugal
governor. Against the outer face of the swash plate or disc bears a roller which
is carried on the end of a rod pivotally connected with the exhaust valve spindle.
If the spindle be rotated the irregular circular motion of the swash plate or dise
will move the roller to and fro thus actuating the exhaust valve at the proper
intervals but if the spindle be rotated quickly the governor will fly out and draw
in the swash plate or disc to a position more or less at right angles to the .shaft,
when no movement will be given to the roller and consequently to the exhaust
valve. The device may be so arranged that the governor be constructed to pull
either one way or the other. Thus the motor may be governed by throttling the
exhaust, or by keeping open the valve and thus preventing a vacuum being
formed in the cylinder and consequently loss of feed and loss of power on the
next stroke of the piston.
The engine may be mounted within a sheet steel or sheet aluminium frame or
box and all parts connected with the engine may be carried by this frame as for

page_text: example the circulating pump, the speed regulating gear if used for driving a
vehicle and all necessary starting, stopping, and controlling apparatus.
Dated this 28th day of October 1898.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
I, ERNEST THOMAS HEADECH, of Eastwell Place, Ashford, in the County of Kent,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in hydrocarbon motors chiefly in con-.
nection with the cylinder, the oil vapourising apparatus, the exhausting and
silencing devices and governor.
According to my invention the cylinder comprises two separate parts, a water
jacket, and the cylinder proper, an annular space being left between them, the
jacket is preferably a casting, and is cored out to allow of inwardly projecting
Hanges that may be turned to such tapers as may be required; flanges are
provided at each end and project outwardly as well as inwardly so as to provide
means for holding the cylinder.
The cylinder is preferably a casting, the end towards the crank is provided,
with a taper collar corresponding to the taper before mentioned on the front end
of the jacket, to which it is ground to a true fitting joint. The admission end of
cylinder is also provided with a similar taper joint and is cast with a flange of the.
same diameter as that on corresponding end of the jacket to which the cylinder
flange is bolted, thus drawing the ground taper joints firmly together and making
a water tight joint between cylinder and jacket, into the annular space between
the jacket and the cylinder water is circulated for cooling the cylinder. By this
method of construction the cylinder may be withdrawn for reboring
of for any other purpose without disturbing other parts of engine, by simply
removing the nuts by which the jacket is connected to the cylinder. The oil
vapourising apparatus according to this invention projects into the compression
space of the cylinder, and it consists of the following parts.
A tube, which I will call the outer tube, made of a good heat conducting metal
such as copper or gunmetal for instance, and of smaller diameter than the bore
of the engine cylinder, is provided at its inner end with 3 or more lugs or pro-
jections which fit the bore of the cylinder enabling it to be held firmly in position.
a portion of the said tube projects beyond the end of the cylinder and is provided
at its outer end with a series of radiating rings or gills to facilitate the heating
of the tube externally, when starting the engine by means of a blow lamp or
other heating device. At a point say about a third from the outer end
of the said tube, an external flange admits of the tube being bolted to
a valve box formed in one with the cylinder cover and fitting with a coned and
ground in joint. The cylinder cover with the valve box is bolted to the cylinder
end, fitting with a coned or plain joint. The valve box carries an air valve on a
detachable fitting or case for admission of the air to an annular space formed
between the outer tube and the cylinder walls, also a relief valve for lowering
compression suddenly if required, and an ignition plug. The ignition may be

page_text: effected by an electric current or by other means common among internal com-
bustion motors.
Oil is conducted into an annular space between the outer tube and an inner tube
constituting the exhaust passage at or about the centre of the radiating part
already described. To the outer end of the inner tube is connected by a flange
and conical joint, the exhaust outlet pipe or passage, the inner tube is fitted in
the same way as the cylinder and jacket, the ends of the inner tube being ground
into the ends of the outer tube, and its inner end is provided with a seating for
the exhaust valve, which may be either a ball, or semicircular faced.
The external surface of the inner tube may be screw threaded or provided with
grooves through its entire length within the outer tube so as to provide a greater
heating surface on which to spray the oil.
The inner tube projects beyond the end of the outer tube at its outer end to
allow of a connection with the exhaust pipe as aforesaid, and corries a cone to hold a
tension spring for keeping the valve normally closed and to act as a guide to the
valve spindle which passes through it, the spring pressing against a collar or
washer on the end of the said spindle.
The exhaust gases, or products of combustion are led from the inner tube by
way of the connection before mentioned along a tapered exhaust pipe, the orifice
at each end being proportionate in area to the area of the cylinder and to the amount
of compression used; the smaller end of the taper pipe is fitted to the inner tube
connection, and the larger end is provided with a hollow receptacle
preferably of a spherical form provided with nozzles of a conical form with
their small ends screwed or otherwise fitted to the said receptacle, and their large
ends or mouths open to the atmosphere for allowing the exhaust gases
gradually and quietly to expand.
Into the annular space between the two tubes, oil is sprayed in a fine jet either
by a pump direct, or by the suction of the piston or by any other means necessary
to give a thin jet, which oil may be mixed with a little air or not as desired.
Connection between the annular oil space and the cylinder may be made by
means of a tube connecting it with the space under the air valve, in which case the
said tube would be provided with a non-return valve to prevent pressure being set
up in the vapourising space, or by perforations or orifices male near the inner end
of the outer tube in this case a non-return valve being provided in the oil pipe,
or inlet.
The governing gear according to my invention may be carried on the cylinder
jacket, and consists of a spindle geared to rotate at half speed of the crank shaft,
having a two-armed lever or bracket fixed thereto, one arm being shorter than
the other arm and the longer arm being parallel to the shaft and pivotted to a
fork on an adjustable swash plate or disc-the swash plate or disc is provided with
a second fork diametrically opposite to which fork is connected the end of one of
two weighted lever arms.
The other end of the said lever arms is pivotted to the short arm of the two
arm lever or bracket before referred to the whole acting as a centrifugal governor.
Against the outer face of the swash plate or disc bears a roller which is carried
on the end of a rod pivotally connected with the exhaust valve spindle. If the
spindle be rotated the irregular circular motion of the swash plate or disc in
combination with the spring which bears on the exhaust valve rod will move the
roller to and fro thus actuating the exhaust valve at the proper intervals, but if
the spindle be rotated quickly the governor will fly out and draw in the swash
plate or disc to a position more or less at right angles to the shaft, when no move-
ment will be given to the roller and consequently to the exhaust valve. The
device may be so arranged that the governor be constructed to pull either one way
or the other, thus the motor may be governed by throttling the exhaust, or by
keeping open the valve and thus prevent a vacuum being formed in the cylinder
and consequently loss of feed and loss of power on the next stroke of the piston.
The engine may be mounted within a sheet steel or sheet aluminium frames

page_text: or box, and all parts connected with the engine may be carried by this frame, as
for example the circulating pump, the speed regulating gear if used for driving a
vehicle and all necessary starting, stopping, and controlling apparatus.
I will further describe my invention with reference to the accompanying draw-
ings premising that I do not restrict myself to the precise details of construction
described and illustrated.
Figure 1 of the drawings represents in longitudinal vertical section and Figure 2
in plan a hydrocarbon motor constructed according to my invention. Figure 3
is a longitudinal section of a portion of the motor, shewing a modification in the
communicating passage between the vapouriser and the cylinder, and Figures 4
and 5 represent in side elevation and plan respectively, a modified governing
device for controlling the movement of the exhaust valve. The inner cylinder A
in which the piston B slides is surrounded by an outer cylinder C with a space D
between to contain water constituting a water jacket, which water may be caused
to flow through the said space to keep the cylinder A cool. The outer cylinder
or jacket C is made separate from the cylinder A and connected thereto so as to
be readily separated when required without disturbing the other parts of the
motor. The cylinder A has formed on the outer circumference, at or near the
ends, inclined surfaces and the outer cylinder or jacket C has internal flanges c
having corresponding inclined surfaces a into which the inclined surfaces a, on
the cylinder A are ground so as to form between the surfaces a and a fluid tight
joints.
On the inner end of the cylinder A is provided an external flange a corres-
ponding to a flange formed on the cylinder C the said flanges being connected
together by bolts 6 and nuts 61 by which the surfaces a and a are drawn into
intimate contact. The admission end of the cylinder A is tapered internally at d
into which tapered or conical end d is ground, so as to form a fluid tight joint,
an external tapered or conical surface formed on the oil vapourising apparatus
which constitutes the cylinder cover and valve bog carrying the air admission
valve the oil inlet and the exhaust valve. This vapouriser is provided with an
external flange having therein holes through which pass the bolts the said
vapouriser being securely connected to the cylinder by nuts screwed onto the
said bolts. The vapouriser extends into the cylinder A and is made to fit fluid-
tightly the bore of the said cylinder. The distance to which the vapouriser enters
the said cylinder may be adjusted as required by interposing between the flange
and the end of the cylinder A a washer or washers and so vary as required the
capacity of the compression space in the cylinder. The vapouriser comprises
three concentric tubes or cylinders E F and G the outer cylinder E containing an
air admission valve e and relief valve or cock e¹. The cylinder F is connected to
the cylinder by bolts passing through flanges e and f formed respectively on
the cylinders E and F the said flanges being provided with conical contact sur-
faces at to form a fluid tight joint. The cylinder F is of less diameter than
the interior diameter of the cylinder E, so as to provide an annular space f³
between them and on its end adjacent to the interior of the cylinder A are three or
more projections f* which bear against the interior of the cylinder E to maintain
its concentricity.
The inner tube or cylinder G constitutes the exhaust passage and is connected
to the cylinder by bolts g passing through flanges and 2 formed respectively
on the cylinders F and G, fluid-tight joints being made between the said cylinders
by inclined contact-surfaces g3 and similar to the joints between the cylinders A
and C herein before described; the cylinder G is of less diameter than the interior
of the cylinder F so as to provide an annular space between them as shewn.
The inner end of the tube or cylinder G constitutes or is provided with a seat
for the exhaust valve H which is preferably of spherical shape. The rod of this
valve extends through the tube or cylinder G and is supported in bearing h¹. On
the outer end of the valve rod is a shoulder or collar between which collar and
the outer end of the tube or cylinder G is a spring H' which normally maintains
the valve H on its seat. The cylinder F is provided on its exterior at the part

page_text: which projects beyond the cylinder E, with heating gills or flanges 1" which
may be heated by a lamp or other external heating means when starting the
motor. An inlet I for oil is also provided at this part of the cylinder for
admitting oil to the space g³ wherein the oil is vapourised. Near the inner end of
the cylinder Fare perforations f5 through which the oil vapour passes from the
space into the space f³ and mixes with air admitted to the said space by the
air valve e. From the space f³ the mixture of air and vapour passes into the
compression space of cylinder A and may if desired be ignited by any suitable
igniting device at fe either by electricity or otherwise to cause the explosion of
the mixture or the mixture may be fired by simple compression. The external
surface of the cylinder F is screw-threaded or provided with helical or with
annular ribs or projections as shewn in Figure 1 to increase the heating surface and
facilitate the vapourisation of the oil.
In place of making the part E detached and bolting it up to the cylinder A as
shewn in the drawings, I may cast the said part E in one with the said cylinder A,
so as to form an extension thereof. This extension would be fitted with the air
and release valves, in the same manner as the detached part is fitted as shewn in
the drawings.
The exhaust valve H is opened, to permit of the exhaust products of combustion
passing from the cylinder A, by a lever K centred at k to a bracket L projecting
from the exhaust tube or cylinder G. One end of the lever K bears on the outer
end of the valve rod h whilst the opposite end is connected by a rod k¹ to a bar ka
fitted to slide longitudinally in a bearing on the outer cylinder or jacket B of
the motor. The bar carries at its free end a roller or anti-friction wheel k
in contact with a disc M which receives rotary motion from the crank shaft (not
shewn in the drawing) operated by the motor. The disc M is mounted loosely
on a shaft N, carried in bearings on the jacket C, on which shaft is fixed a two
armed bracket, or lever, O one arm o of which bracket, or lever, is arranged parallel
to the said shaft N and is hinged to the disc M near its periphery, whilst the other
arm is at right angles to the shaft and is connected by hinged, or toggle, levers l'
to the diametrically opposite side of the disc M and near its periphery. The
length of the toggle levers P are such that when in their normal position, shewn
in Figure 1, their combined length is longer than the arm o of the bracket O and
will consequently cause the disc M to assume an inclined position on the shaft N
as shewn, so that when the shaft N is rotated, the disc M, acting on the wheel or
roller, will impart to the bar a longitudinal movement in the bearing ³,
and through the connecting rod and the lever K open the exhaust valve H
against the counteracting pressure of the spring H. It will be understood that
the said valve will be opened to a greater or less extent according to the degree of
inclination of the disc M. The shaft N carries a bevel wheel Q in gear with a corre-
sponding wheel Q₁ fast on a shaft or spindle R carrying a pitch or chain wheel S,
round which passes a chain, from a chain wheel, on the crank shaft of the motor,
which latter chain wheel, is one half the diameter, of the wheel S so that the
shaft or spindle R, and consequently the disc M, will make one complete rotation
to each two rotations of the crank shaft, whereby the exhaust valve H will be
opened only at each alternate rotation of the said crank shaft.
7
Connected to the exhaust tube or cylinder G is a silencing device, for pre-
venting or subduing noise, the said device consisting of a spherical expansion
chamber T connected to the exhaust passage or tube G by
tube T the larger end of the said conical tube being connected to the spherical
a tapered or conical
chamber T. Radiating from the spherical chamber T are trumpet shaped
nozzles T through which the exhaust products of combustion escape from the
interior of the spherical chamber with but little, if any, noise.
The operation of the motor is as follows:-To start the motor, the cylinder Fis
heated externally by a lamp or other heating device placed in close proximity to
the gills or heating flanges F' until sufficient heat is imparted to the said cylinder
to vapourise a supply of oil admitted to the space g³, which oil may be forced into

page_text: the said space by a pump, or be drawn in by suction, by causing the piston B to
make its outward stroke. The oil vapour passes from the space g³ through the
perforations f into the annular space f into which space a supply of air is
admitted by the valve e which air mixes with the oil vapour, the said mixture
when the piston makes its outward stroke being drawn into the cylinder, and on
the return stroke of the piston, the said mixture is compressed in the compression
space of the cylinder and in the annular space f³. While under compression
the mixture may be ignited at the point fo causing the said mixture to explode
and force the piston outwards and rotate the crank shaft with such impetus that
it will effect the return or inward stroke of the piston and force the products of
combustion from the cylinder through the exhaust pipe, or passage, G, the exhaust
valve having been opened by the disc M. The piston then moves outward again
so as to draw another charge of mixed air and vapour into the cylinder and then
makes another inward stroke to compress the fresh charge which upon being
exploded imparts renewed impetus to the crank shaft and the cycle of operations
herein before described is repeated. The heat generate after the first explosion.
in combination with the effects of compression is usually sufficient to vapourise
the oil and explode the mixture without the assistance of externally applied heat
and the motor will continue to work until the supply of oil to the vapouriser is
cut off. Should the speed of the motor increase above the normal speed the
toggle levers P of the governing device will, by the excessive centrifugal force im-
parted thereto, fly outwards and draw the disc M into a position more nearly at right
angles to the spindle N, and consequently reduce the extent of motion of the
valve H and thereby retard or prevent the escape from the cylinder of the pro-
ducts of combustion and so reduce the speed of the motor whereupon the toggle
levers P will resume their normal position and incline the disc M. to the necessary
angle to open the valve H to the extent required to admit of free egress of the
exhaust products from the cylinder. It will thus be seen that the governor
will maintain the motor at an approximately uniform speed. Instead of ad-
mitting the oil vapour into the annular space f³ from the space g through per-
forations in the cylinder F into the annular air space f³ and thence to the
cylinder A as herein before described, the said vapours may pass from the said
space ginto a tubular passage f5, Fig. 3, in the wall of the cylinder I and past a
non-return valve f into the annular space f³ and thence together with air
admitted at e between the lugs or projections ft into the compression space of the
cylinder A. The mixed air and vapour is compressed by the inward stroke of
the piston and exploded as hereinbefore described. The non-return valve f pre-
vents pressure from being set up in the vapourising space g. Instead of
throttling the exhaust should the motor exceed its normal speed as hereinbefore
described, the governor may be arranged to keep the valve open upon the speed
being increased and so prevent a vacuum being formed in the cylinder and con-
sequently prevent feed of oil into the cylinder by the stroke of the piston. The.
arrangement illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 is capable of being employed for either
throttling the exhaust or for keeping the exhaust valve open in the case of excess
of speed. In this arrangement two pair of toggle levers P connected together by
springs are hinged to two collars and the collar O being connected by a
rod to the disc M near its periphery, and the collar 01 being also connected by
a rod or link to the said disc M near its periphery at a diametrically opposite
point to that at which the rod p is attached. If the speed of the, motor is to be
governed by throttling the exhaust the collar should be rigidly connected to
the shaft or spindle N on which it is mounted whilst the collar 01
should be free to slide on the said shaft N so that when the speed of
the motor increases the toggle levers will fly outwards and draw the collar O¹
towards the collar and by the link or rod p cause the disc to draw away from.
the wheel or roller and to assume a position nearer a right angle to the shaft N
and consequently reduce the extent of movement of exhaust valve as before

page_text: described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. If it be desired to govern the speed of
the motor by keeping the exhaust valve open in the case of increase of speed the
collar should be free to slide on the shaft or spindle N and the collar O be fixed
to the said shaft as shewn in the drawings. When the motor runs beyond the
normal speed the joined ends of the toggle levers P move outwards drawing the
collar along the shaft N towards the collar O¹ and causing the disc M through
the rod p to assume a position nearer a right angle to the shaft N and move the
bar in the direction to open the exhaust valve H and keep it open so as to
prevent a vacuum being formed in the cylinder and consequently prevent ex-
plosive mixture from being sucked into the said cylinder by the movement of
the piston B until the speed of the motor is reduced to the normal whereupon the
toggle levers P will resume their normal position shewn in Fig. 5 and the disc M
will be inclined to allow the valve to be closed and opened as hereinbefore
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-
1. In a hydrocarbon motor the combination with an inner cylinder in which
the piston reciprocates of an outer concentric cylinder detachably connected
thereto, inclined surfaces on the exterior of the inner cylinder, internal flanges
on the outer cylinder with the inclined surfaces formed thereon to come into
contact with those on the inner cylinder so as to form fluid tight joints and means
for connecting the inner cylinder to the outer cylinder substantially as herein before
described.
2. In a
hydrocarbon motor the combination with the cylinder in which the
piston reciprocates of an oil vapouriser projecting into the cylinder and fitting
therein so as to form a fluid tight joint between the said vapouriser and the bore
of the cylinder substantially as herein before described.
3. In a hydrocarbon motor an oil vapouriser comprising three tubes or cylinders
arranged one within another so as to form annular spaces between the cylinders
the inner tube constituting a passage for the exhaust products of combustion the
annular space between the innermost tube or cylinder and the next tube or
cylinder surrounding it constituting the oil vapourising chamber, and the annular
space between the outermost tube or cylinder and the next inner tube or cylinder
constituting an air and vapour mixing chamber; means for admitting oil to the
vapourising chamber; and for admitting air into the mixing chamber; perfora-
tions or passages through which the vapourised oil can pass from the vapourising
chamber into the mixing chamber and an igniting device for effecting the
explosion of the oil vapour; substantially as herein before described.
4. In a hydrocarbon motor the combination with an oil vapouriser com-
prising three tubes or cylinders arranged concentrically one within another the
inner tube constituting the passage for the exhaust products of combustion of a
valve for closing the passage through the said inner tube or cylinder and means
for operating the valve to permit of the escape of the exhaust products at the
required periods substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. In a hydrocarbon motor an oil vapouriser comprising three tubes or
cylinders and means for detachably connecting them together concentrically one
within another; of inclined surfaces on the tubes or cylinders the inclines on one
tube or cylinder contacting with the inclines on the adjacent tube or cylinder so
as to form fluid-tight joints between the tubes or cylinders substantially as herein-
before described.
6. In a hydrocarbon motor the combination with a cylinder and piston to
reciprocate therein, of an oil vapouriser and means for conveying oil thereinto;
gills or flanges projecting from the exterior surface of the vapouriser and means
for supplying heat to the said gills or flanges; a passage for exhaust products

page_text: through the centre of the vapouriser, a valve for controlling the passage for the
exhaust products and means for operating the valve to open and close the passage
at the required periods; substantially as herein before described.
7. In a hydrocarbon motor the combination with the exhaust passage for the
waste products of combustion of a silencer comprising a tapered tube connected
at its smaller end to the exhaust passage, and at its larger end to a chamber, in
which the waste products can expand, and trumpet shaped nozzles projecting
from the chamber with their expanded ends outwards so that the exhaust products
of combustion are caused to pass from the exhaust passage through the tapered
tube into the expansion chamber, and thence from the chamber through the trum-
pet shaped nozzles substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
8. A governor for hydrocarbon motors, comprising a shaft and means for rotat-
ing it from the crank shaft of the motor, a disc mounted on the shaft and capable
of being moved on the shaft from a position at right angles to the axis of the
shaft to any desired angle of inclination to the said axis and vice versa, means
for automatically varying the angle of the disc when the speed of the motor
varies, means for transmitting motion from the rotating disc (when inclined to
the axis of the shaft) to the exhaust valve of the motor to open more or less the
said exhaust valve according to the degree of inclination of the rotating disc,
and a spring for closing the exhaust valve substantially as herein before described.
9. A governor for hydrocarbon motors comprising a shaft rotated from the
crank shaft of the motor, a disc on the driven shaft capable of assuming a position
at right angles to the axis of the said shaft or at any desired angle of inclination to
the said axis, means for automatically varying the angular position of the disc
when the speed of the motor varies, mechanism in connection with the exhaust
valve of the motor, acted on by the rotating disc to open the valve more or less
according to the degree of inclination of the said disc, and a spring for closing
the said exhaust valve, and for keeping the valve closed when the disc is in a
position at right angles to the shaft which carries it, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
10. A governor for hydrocarbon motors comprising a shaft rotated from the
crank shaft of the motor, a disc on the said rotated shaft capable of assuming
a position at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the said shaft; or at any
desired angle of inclination to the said longitudinal axis; means for automatically
varying the angular position of the disc when the speed of the motor varies,
mechanism, in connection with the exhaust valve of the motor, acted on by the
rotating disc so as to open the exhaust valve more or less according to the degree
of inclination of the disc and a spring for closing the valve the said valve being
kept open by the said disc when in a position at right angles to the longitudinal
axis of the shaft on which it is mounted substantially as and for the purpose
herein before described.
Total 100th day of T... 1800
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.