CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN PAVING AND COVERING PLACES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jacques François Dupont de Bussnc, of
. London, 19, Royal Avenue Terrace, King's Road, Chelsea, in the
. County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
Sealed the 1st September 1853, and dated the 7th March 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jacques François
Dupont de Bussac at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 7th March 1853.
I, JACQUES FRANÇOIS DUPONT DE Bussac, of London, 19, Royal
Avenue Terrace, King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PAVING AND COVERING PLACES" to be as follows:-
To obtain this improved pavement or covering-
First, thin iron plates or sheets are prepared by means of a rolling
mill. This rolling operation impresses into both sides of each iron sheet
parallel or alternate grooves or channels of the same dimensions. The
thickness of the iron sheets, and the depths of the grooves and channels,
may be varied according to the degree of solidity required, and the
sheets may be cut of various shapes. The grooves or channels are then

page_text: stuffed with a cement, thus rendering them able to resist the heaviest
pressure. The cement preferably used for this purpose is a ferrugincons
cement, prepared in the following manner:-A quantity of iron ore, freed
from extraneous matter by successive washings, is pulverized; the
inetallic powder is then mixed with carbonate of lime in powder,
or asphalte, and mixed with pitch or gas tar in a state of fusion, till the
whole matter has the consistency of mortar. To stuff the grooves or
channels, the cement, in a state of fusion, is poured into them, and
pressed in so as to be on a level with the ridges of the chamfered iron:
this operation is performed on both sides. As only one face of the iron
plates is exposed to wear, the cement that is poured into the side
intended to be placed uppermost can be made with iron or cast-iron
filings, in lieu of the mineral dust.
The place to be covered with the cemented iron plates is at first
prepared by running over it a heavy pressing roller for levelling it; 1
the dust is swept away, and the ground covered with a layer of melted
cement, which adheres strongly to it, and on which the cemented iron
sheets aro set. and pressed by a compressing roller: this roller may be
heated inwardly. Instead of chamfered iron sheets, connected cast-iron
bars or gratings may be used.
To cover footways, &c., prepared with hydraulic lime water, the thin
chamfered and cemented iron sheets may be replaced by coarse and
cheap canvass or other cloth, impregnated with tar, pitch, or bitumen,
mixed with ferrugineous cement.
Thus prepared, they are superposed according to the thickness:
required, and, in order to make them adhere strongly to one another,
they are passed between a pair of hollow cylinders suitably heated.
Metallic plates or boards thus formed, and laid down on a layer of
cément, and fixed to the ground by hot pressure.
These boards may be also used for covering houses, &c.
The cement may be used alone, as the ordinary asphalte.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jacques François Dupont de Bussac, in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 7th September 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JACQUES FRANÇOIS DUPONT DE BUSSAC, of London, 19, Royal Avenue
Terrace, King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Jacques Francois Dupont de Bussac, Her
special licence that I, the said Jacques Francois Dupont de Bussac, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jacques
Francois Dupont de Bussac, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man,
an Invention, communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad, for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVING AND COVERING PLACES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jacques Francois Dupont
do Bussac, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jacques Francois Dupont de
Bussac, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, and the Drawings here-.
unto annexed (that is to say):
First, by means of a rolling mill, I prepare thin iron plates or

page_text: slicets. This rolling operation impresses into both sides of each iron
sheet parallel and alternate grooves or channels, all of the same
size. The thickness of tho iron sheets, and the deepness of the grooves
and channels, may vary according to the purpose for which they are
intended, either for roads, streets, foot-ways, or other places. The sheets
are cut in pieces of a square or other form. The grooves or channels
of these iron sheets are afterwards filled with a cement that makes
them resist the heaviest pressure, and over which the horses cannot slip.
This paving is laid on the roads, streets, or other places to be paved.
The cement I make use of in preference is the ferrugineous cement,
prepared in the following manner :-After having purified iron ore by
sufficient washings, it is reduced to dust; this metallic powder is then
mixed with carbonate of lime in powder, or asphalte, and stirred up
with pitch or gas tar in fusion, till the whole assumes the consistency
of mortar. To fill the grooves or channels of these iron sheets, the hot
cement is poured into them and pressed in so as to be on a level with
the upper ridges of the corrugated iron. When the upper layer is cold
the plate is then turned over to fill the grooves or channels of the
under face with ferrugineous cement. As the upper face of the iron
plates is alone exposed to be worn, the cement that is poured into that
side can be made with iron or cast-iron filings in lieu of the mineral
dust.
The road, street, or place to be paved with the cemented iron
plates is at first prepared by running over it a squeezing roller for
levelling the dust is swept away, and the ground is covered with
a layer of melted cement, which adh ers thereto, and upon which the
cemented iron sheets are to be set, and pressed by a compressing roller.
Instead of corrugated iron sheets, cast-iron grates, or iron grates, with
cross bars, may be used.
To pave a macadamized street, the ground is first covered with a
layer of wet mortar nearly half an inch thick, for the purpose of filling
ihe holes, or of perfectly preparing the surface of the ground, which
being thus covered, the sheets of pavement are placed upon it at
suitable distances; the spaces aro then filled up with hot cenient, which
keeps the sheets firmly in their places on the ground.

page_text: A drawing to represent the corrugated iron sheets filled with ferrugi-
neous mastic is unnecessary. Among the combinations which may
be made with the bands of iron connected one with another, to make
the sheets or metallic pavement, the Figures 1, 2, 3, represent the
one I have adopted. I reserve the exclusive right of any other method
in which one or more bands of wrought or cast iron, having any form
whatever, may be combined with this mastic cement.
Fig. 1, represents a frame of iron, whose surface is divided into a
certain number of parts by transverse bands, A, B. These bands are
made with iron, having the form of the letter T, or even that shown
in Figs. 4, and 5, in which the spaces a, e, serve as holding points to
prevent the horses from slipping. All the frames are filled in the
workshop with ferrugineous mastic, even to the level of the upper edge
of the ribs y, y, or the edges of the spaces a, a. After having thus
formed sheets of a certain thickness, they are placed at suitable dis-
tances from each other, upon a layer of wet mortar or mastic, applied
upon the macadam, or upon the stone pavement. This being done,
the interstices of the sheets are filled with mastic of iron poured in hot.
A more economical method of paving consists in preparing pavement
by filling with mastic circles formed with bands of iron placed edgewise
on the ground. The upper or lower surface of the circles is divided
into four equal segments by means of two bands of T shaped iron, or of
any other form, fixed to the circles, or even by simple circles of iron.
To pave footways, or private places, prepared with wet lime mortar,
the thin corrugated and cemented iron sheets may be dispensed with,
and their place supplied by coarse and cheap cloths impregnated with
melted tar, pitch, or bitumen, and then covered with ferrugineous
cement. When they are thus prepared they are placed in layers,
according to the thickness required, and to make them stick close
together they are drawn between a pair of hollow cylinders, suitably
heated. Metallic plates or boards of great cohesion are thus formed:
these boards are laid down close to one another, on a layer of cement,
and fixed on the ground of the footways or other places by hot pressure.
These boards or sheets can be used to cover houses, and may be colored
in any requisite mode. It is equally possible to pave all places with
ferrugineous cement, without using the iron grooved sheets.

page_text: I claim, first, the forms of iron as specified, or others substantially
the same, for the purposes herein described. Secondly, the use of the
cement described, either alone or combined with the forms of iron, for
the purposes herein specified. Thirdly, the use of cement combined
with cloths, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jacques Francois Dupont de
Bussac, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of
September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-three.