IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING METALLIC BARS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Avery, of 32, Essex Street, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING METALLIC BARS."-A communication from
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Avery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th December 1854.
I, JOHN AVERY, of 32, Essex Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY POR CUTTING METALLIC BARS" to be as follows; and consists
in providing the face, side, or end of a hollow revolving shaft with a die or dies,
which, in combination with a stationary die or dies in front of the revolving
dies, cut the bars to pieces of any required length. The die shaft is formed of
tube, and is short, but of large diameter, and is provided with a flange with
two ears, projecting towards the centre of the tube, and to which the dies are
bolted. In front of the die shaft there is a block, bolted to the bed plate, but
adjustable, and which contains stationary dies. In arranging the dies for flat
iron, it is important to make them so that when they cut the bar, they com-
mence at the outside, and while progressing cut nearer towards the centre of

page_text: the motion.
In cutting a number of pieces of the same length, I use an
adjustable gauge in combination with the revolving dies, and so arranged and
attached to the slide as not to interfere with pieces cut off in the dies. A
bar enters an orifice in the shaft, and then extends across the opening, so as to
form a gauge for the operator.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Avery in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th June
1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
AVERY, of 32, Essex Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Avery, John Avery, Her special licence that I, the said John Avery, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Avery, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING METALLIC BARS," a communication from Samuel Hall, of New
York, in the United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Avery, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Avery, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say) :-
The nature of my improvement consists in providing the face of a revolving
hollow shaft with cutters, which, in combination with a stationary cutter in
front of these revolving cutters, cut the bar to pieces of any required length.

page_text: In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a machine
constructed according to the Invention; Fig. 2, a vertical transverse section;
Fig. 3, a ground plan; Fig. 4, a side elevation; Fig. 5, a horizontal section
of the hollow cutter shaft; & Fig. 6, a view of the revolving cutters.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several Figs.
A is a bed plate, with two stands B & B, which are the bearings of the
hollow cutter shaft C' and the driving shaft G. This latter shaft G bears
the driving pulley J, the fly wheel H, and between the two bearings B & B'
the pinion F, and gives motion to the large cog wheel E, which is also
between the two bearings B & B, and fastened upon or cast together with
the hollow cutter shaft C. This shaft C forms a tube, and is comparatively
short, but of large diameter, and is provided at its face end with a flange C¹,
from which two ears, D & D', project towards the centre of the tube, into
which the dies N & N¹ are bolted by bolts 0 with countersunk heads.
The shape of the dies N, N', which may be made both of one piece or
seperate, and coming together in a square joint, is shown in Fig. 6. In front
of the face side of the cutter shaft C there is a standard or block K, bolted to
the bed plate A by bolts L, L', but adjustable; it contains stationary cutters
M, M', which are fitted snugly into a dovetail cavity in standard block K, and
come together in the centre in a square joint. One bolt Q, with a T head
which goes into countersunk recesses in cutters M, M', and touches with one
side M', fastens both of them in the standard or block K. I propose two
stationary cutters, in order to prevent frequent changing of the cutters, but it
is evident that when the cutter must be in the direction of arrow 1, and when
the cutter M is to be used, the motion must be in the direction of arrow 2,
which change can easily be effected by well-known mechanical means. In
arranging these cutters for flat iron, it will be an important object to make
them so that they commence cutting at the outer end of the edge, and while
progressing cut nearer towards the centre of the shaft. By this arrangement
the greatest amount of power will be required at the commencement of the
cutting operation, and the resistance will diminish as this operation proceeds
towards the termination, when the fly wheel is enabled to obtain a full velocity
for the next stroke. When there is a number of pieces to be cut of the same
length it is necessary to have an adjustable guage, which I arrange in the
following manner:-R is an upright post, attached to a horizontal dovetail
slide R', which slides in a groove bed plate A, parallel to the centre line of
shaft C, but far enough from this shaft as not to interfere with any pieces
cut off by the cutters and falling out of the shaft. The head of the post R
is provided with a hole to receive a square bar S, which is made so as to

page_text: enter the orifice of the shaft C and then to extend right across the opening, so
as to form a guage for the operator to feed his bars up to, in order to avoid
the necessity of marking on the bar the lengths to be cut. By making the
interior of the shaft C conical, the largest part at the back or farthest from
the dies, the pieces cut off and falling within the shaft will be caused by its
revolution to work their way out at the back.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, & the means of carry-
ing the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details herein given so long as the peculiar character of
my Invention be retained; but what I claim is, the employment of one or
more revolving cutters fastened to the face or end of a revolving, hollow,
parallel, or conical shaft, in combination, as described, with a stationary cutter
or cutters, for the purpose as herein set forth.
In witness whercof, I, the said John Avery, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord 1855.
JOHN AVERY
lol
JOHN AVERY
(L.B.)