IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SHIPS OR VESSELS.
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Tellier, of Paris, in the Republic of France, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SHIPS OR VESSELS.".
Sealed the 17th February 1880, and dated the 20th August 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Tellier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1879.
CHARLES TELLIER, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
APPLICABLE TO SHIPS OR VESSELS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
My Invention relates to improvements in the masts, yards, and sails of slips or
vessels, the principal object of the improvements being to enable steam ships or
vessels the better to utilise the wind when the same is favorable, and to cause the
aforesaid masts, yards, and sails to be lowered out of acting position when steam
alone is used as the propelling power.
In carrying out my Invention I place on each side of the ship or vessel, on or at
the sides of the bridge or of the hull, one or more pairs of vertical masts united by
a horizontal yard, and carrying between them one or more sails. On the outer side
of each of the herein before described vertical masts I place inclined yards projecting
beyond the sides of the ship or vessel, and capable of being raised and lowered, or
trimmed, by means of ropes and shrouds, so as to describe a half circle around the
masts and to allow of the ordinary working of the sails which these yards carry.
These masts being placed horizontally when not in use I brace them to the wind
by means of an auxiliary mast which is itself braced when required by means of
two small auxiliary masts. A cable moved by a windlass is used to brace the small
masts, and these in turn are used for bracing the auxiliary masts, which latter in
its turn is used for trimming the masts carrying the sails. I can beşides employ
independent or free sails, either round or rectangular in shape, and drawn outside
the ship and drawing on it similarly to kites. They are set without yards and
carry a dolphin which is inflated with air at the moment of its being made use of.
The aerial current then raises them and puts them in action.
The nature of the Invention will be understood by referring to the accompanying
Drawing, which shews one pair of masts A, B, A, B, each of the pair being hinged
at the points A to opposite sides of the hull of the vessel in such a manner as to

page_text: allow of their being lowered when required into a horizontal position along the
length of the vessel or ship. Yards a, a, and b, b, are placed on the hereinbefore
described masts in such a manner that they can be hauled up to the sides thereof'
when not in use, or allow the masting to be set at will ready to receive the sails.
These yards are moveable in every direction around their axes, and allow the vessel
to take any desired quartering.
More than one pair of masts may be employed, according to the dimensions of
the vessel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Tellier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th February
1880.
CHARLES TELLIER, of Paris, in the Republic of France. " IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO SHIPS OR VESSELS."
My Invention relates to improvements in the masts, yards, and sails of ships or
vessels, the principal object of the improvements being to enable steam ships or
vessels the better to utilise the wind when the same is favourable, and to cause the
aforesaid masts, yards, and sails to be lowered out of acting position when steam
alone is used as the propelling power.
In the accompanying Drawings, Sheet 1 is a section of a ship shewing the fore
pair of masts, and I would here remark that the ship or vessel may according to
its size and strength be provided with one, two, or three pairs of masts, the arrange-
ment being the same in all cases.
It will be seen by referring to Sheet 1 that instead of the usual centre mast
carried by ships I employ two masts placed one at each side of the deck at A
and B.
These masts may be placed outside the hull of the ship, as shewn in the Drawing,
or they may be placed on each side of the deck, such position depending not only
on the form of the vessel but also on the arrangement of the masting. In the
Drawing each mast is mounted on a hinged support a, b, which allows the mast to
be laid along the deck or to be raised as required.
The foot bridge is as far as possible arranged to form a support for the mast, a
collar a', b', when the mast is raised or set, holding the mast on the said bridge.
The manner of raising and lowering the masts will be easily understood; each mast
carries two yards, a lower one D or D¹, and an upper one C or C¹.
These yards
are worked by means of tackle, and may lie and be held lengthwise against the
masts by means of the ropes d, c, or d¹, c', or may be set in their working position
shewn in the Drawing, and kept in this position by means of ropes or cables fixed
to the deck. As these fastenings vary in their arrangement according to different
circumstances it is not necessary to further describe them.
The ascending and descending movements of the yards would not be sufficient to
execute all the movements which are required. For this purpose each yard is

page_text: The flying jib K or K³.
All these sails can be lowered on the deck at will, and successively, so that the
quantity of sail set can always be proportioned to the wind. Instead of lowering
them direct on the deck they may be furled on their yards by any usual means.
I will now describe the arrangement for boisting and lowering the masts by
reference to Sheet 2 of the Drawings, but before proceeding to the description of
this Sheet I would remark that the masts A and B, Sheet 1, are firmly connected
together by a yard L, and further, that the shrouds m, n; m³, n¹, firmly connected
to the axis of each mast keep the whole system firm and rigid whatever be the
inclination produced by the rolling of the ship.
Other shrouds not shewn in the Drawing, Sheet 1, placed in front and behind
sustain the masting when raised. These shrouds, as well as those placed at
m, n, m, n¹, are tightened by pullies or blocks so as to allow of unhooking them,
and to disengage them from the bridge when the masts are lowered.
Referring to Sheet 2, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of a ship with
the masts lowered; Figure 3 shews the masts raised, with the yards folded against
the sides of the masts A and B; in this figure E is an auxiliary or raising mast, at
the lower part of which and fixed on the same axis are folded two side trees f, f.
In Figure 1 these side trees are shewn in four different positions, namely:―
1st. Resting on the mast, as at f, in a position of rest.
2nd. Raised by hand, as shewn at f¹, so as to form an angle sufficient for trimming
them.
3rd. Trimmed and in a position for commencing to exercise their drawing action
on the raising mast E, as shewn at f¹.
4th. Lowered, as shewn at fl, after their work has been completed; at this
time the raising mast E will have taken the position shewn at E¹, from which
time it can exercise its drawing action on the masts A, B. For this purpose a rope c
is taken and passed through the pulley e, from whence it returns to the windlass
M. In moving the windlass the raising mast E will be caused to take the position
shewn by the line E", and the mast will be raised or trimmed. There will then
only remain to fix the shrouds with which the mast is surrounded to firmly fix it.
As soon as a pair of masts is fixed it will be easy with their aid to raise the
second pair, the third pair, and so on, if there are more.
It will thus be seen that to raise the masts it is merely necessary to tighten the
shrouds m, n, m', n', to turn the side trees f. f. then by their means the raising
mast E which effects the trimming of the masts A, B.
Figure 2 is a tackle, the peculiarity of which consists in that a ring is placed at
the bottom of the hook. By the aid of a line passed through this ring the tackle
raised with the masts are drawn towards it.

page_text: It will be understood that to the system of masts hereinbefore described all kinds.
of jibs or lateen sails may be added which the dimensions of the vessel will allow
of being employed, and the position of the masts will allow of utilizing to a great
extent this description of sails.
To complete the utilization of the aerial currents without impeding the working
of the engine free sails may be employed of circular or quadrangular form drawn.
along outside the vessel somewhat similarly to kites or parachutes, and at a more
or less right angle to the horizon, and attached either to the front of the vessel
when the wind is fair, or to the sides of the vessel when it is desired to make use
of side winds.
r
To assist the trimming of the sails in the air without employing yards or the
like they may be set up so as to present either a circular dolphin or puddening
when the sail is circular, or a straight dolphin or puddening when the sail is
rectangular, this dolphin or puddening will simply contain air which may be,
injected by a blower or fan. The wind pressing on the mass which will thus be
presented above the water will elevate it in the air, and will thus put the sail in
tension so that it will act on the ship to be navigated.
"
Figures 1ª, 2, and 3, Sheet 2, shew arrangements which may be employed.
Figure 1 represents a ship drawn by a disk a, b, completely hollow, and united to
the vessel by cords c, c, c, c. The part d, f, allows of air being conveyed into the
capacity (which is formed of fabric) and if required of maintaining the pressure
therein. A cord m, m, placed at the mast head serves for trimming the disk when
it is inflated.
Figure 2a shews a single [dolphin or puddening & sustaining a becalmed sail
0, p. A similar arrangement m, m, may be employed to assist in setting the sail.
Figure 3 represents a circular sail which in place of presenting a capacity of
the form of a mushroom, as in Figure 1ª, takes the annular form shewn n, m, n, n.
Figure 4 shews the dolphins or puddenings crossing in a rectangular sail.
Advantage may be taken of the injection of air for giving any desired form to
the sail, and allows of trimming it by the action of the wind in such a manner as
to receive its impulsion, and exert on the ship a traction which will assist in
propelling it.
To prevent the screw being injured by this action while under sail it may be
enclosed in a cylinder open at each end and extending somewhat behind the screw.
The cylinder may either be whole or segmental, and the lower part may be annu-
lated. The object of this arrangement is to assist the moving of the screw when it
is shifted for navigating under sail, and at the same time to force the current of
water when under steam to run off horizontally, thereby assisting the reaction
which forces the vessel forward.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Tellier, have hereto set my hand
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thound eight hundred and eighty.
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