Iм- PROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN LUBRICATING THE SPINDLES AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY USED IN THESE AND OTHER OPERATIONS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Martyn John Roberts, of Pendarren, near Crick-
howell, in the County of Brecknock, Esquire, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING,
TWISTING, AND DOUBLING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,
AND IN LUBRICATING THE SPINDLES AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY USED
IN THESE AND OTHER OPERATIONS."
Sealed the 24th November 1863, and dated the 25th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Martyn John Roberts
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1863.
I, MARTYN JOHN ROBERTS, of Pendarren, near Crickhowell, in the County
of Brecknock, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, TWISTING,
AND DOUBLING WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN LUBRICATING
THE SPINDLES AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY USED IN THESE AND OTHER OPERA-
TIONS," to be as follows:-
The object of my improvements is, first, to obtain a better drag than is
usually obtainable to the thread yarn or roving while being wound on to the.
bobbins in preparing, spinning, twisting; or doubling fibrous substances. For
this
purpose the flyer is connected with a whorl or pulley which is driven by a
band proceeding from a driving cylinder or other device in a manner well.

page_text: known for driving such whorls, while the spindle that supports the bobbin
internally is placed in the centre of motion or near to it of the said flyer, which
spindle I sometimes use loose in its bearings, and free to revolve with an inde-
pendent motion, or sometimes driven by the flyer, or the flyer may be fixed to
a spindle and be driven by means of a whorl or pulley fastened to such spindle,
the bobbin resting its base upon a support below it, which is held by a stud or
pin fastened to a rail, or when the flyer is fixed to a spindle the bobbin may
rest upon the rail itself, in order that the yarn should be wound upon the
bobbin; the bobbin is retarded in its revolution by friction between the bobbin
and this support or by other convenient means; and in order to lay the yarn
regularly along the length of the bobbin, I cause a lifting rail to have an
up-and-down motion, and this lifting rail moves with it a ring or other
device, to which the eyes (technically called "twizzles") are fastened and
through which the yarn passes to the bobbin, or if this ring is not traversed up
and down, the flyer may be moved in this manner instead thereof; or instead
of using such ring with eyes, I sometimes raise the flyer with its socket upon a
pin or stud sufficiently high to allow of a species of inverted flyer with proper
eyes attached to traverse up and down below the bobbin a sufficient space,
and this inverted flyer being moved up and down by the "lifter rail" lays the
yarn in its proper direction upon the bobbin.
My Invention consists, secondly, in an improved means or apparatus for
oiling or lubricating spindles and other parts of machinery used in the above
described or other operations. For this purpose I cause one end of the
bearing, which in vertical or inclined bearings is the lower end, to dip into a
cup containing oil or other lubricant, which cup is in some cases stationary
and in others it revolves; and at the opposite, which in vertical or inclined
bearings is the upper end, I use another cup or reservoir, into which any
oil or lubricant that would otherwise be wasted is caught and can be
returned to the bearing. I usually cover the oil cups with a plate having a
hole in the centre, through which the spindle or other revolving part of machi-
nery passes. And I sometimes use a partition within the cup, to prevent the
lubricant escaping through the cover of the cup, and I also sometimes use a
plate fixed to the spindle or other part revolving within the cup, or a reservoir
which I call a "flash plate," the use of which is to flash or throw out into the
reservoir the oil or other lubricant which might otherwise creep up and
escape.
In cases where the collar or bearing rail of the spindle or other par
of machinery traverses up and down, I fix to the collar or bearing a
tube which embraces the spindle, but which may or may not touch it

page_text: this tube dips into another tube of corresponding length attached to the
reservoir for oil or other lubricant, thus preventing any waste of the
lubricant by leakage from the bottom of the bearing or the exposed part of the
spindle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the 'said Martyn John Roberts in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 25th November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARTYN
JOHN ROBERTS, of Pendarren, near Crickhowell, in the County of Brecknock,
Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Martyn John Roberts, Her special licence that I, the said
Martyn John Roberts, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Martyn John Roherts, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPIN-
NING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,
AND IN LUBRICATING THE SPINDLES AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY USED IN
THESE AND OTHER OPERATIONS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Martyn John Roberts, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Martyn John Roberts, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-

page_text: The object of my improvements is, first, to obtain a better drag than is
usually obtainable to the thread yarn or roving while being wound on to the
bobbins in preparing, spinning, twisting, or doubling fibrous substances. For
this purpose the flyer is connected with a whorl or pulley which is driven by a
band proceeding from a driving cylinder or other device in a manner well
known for driving such whorls, while the spindle that supports the bobbin
internally is placed in the centre of motion or near to it of the said flyer,
which spindle I sometimes use loose in its bearings, and free to revolve
with an independent motion, or sometimes driven by the flyer, the bobbin
resting its base upon a support, which I term a dead plate, below it, which is
held by a stud or pin fastened to a rail. In order that the yarn may be
wound upon the bobbin, the bobbin is retarded in its revolution by friction
between the bobbin and this support or dead plate. The spindle loose in its
bearings and the dead plate are mentioned in the Specification of a Patent
granted to me on the 15th December 1862, but I have found in practice that
the friction arising from the action of the rail on the circumference of the
bearing ring is injurious to the drag, and it is the object of my present Inven-
tion to remedy this. In order to lay the yarn regularly along the length
of the bobbin, instead of employing a traversing ring with eyes, I raise
the flyer with its socket upon a pin or stud sufficiently high to allow of a
species of inverted flyer with proper eyes attached to traverse up and down the
bobbin, and this inverted flyer being moved up and down by the "lifter rail"
lays the yarn in its proper direction upon the bobbin.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation shewing my improvements in apparatus for
laying the yarn regularly along the length of the bobbin, in preparing, spinning,
twisting, and doubling wool, cotton, and other fibrous substances.
A is the flyer; B, the flyer socket; C, the fixed stud round which it revolves;
D is the whorl; E is the lifter rail; F is a ring of metal carrying two arms
G, G, terminating in rings i, which encircle the legs of the flyer. The arms G
also carry twizzles H, H, and rest on the rail E. The full lines shew the rail,
ring, and arms at the bottom and the dotted lines at the top of their
course.
Figure 2 shews a modification of this arrangement, in which the position of
the rail, ring, and arms is reversed, that is to say, the rail is placed above
instead of below the bobbin. In this arrangement the yarn passes through an
aperture in a plate held in the rail, and from which the arms G, G, are
carried down. Similar letters refer to similar parts in Figures 1 and 2. In
this Figure the full lines shew the rail, ring, and arms at the top and the
dotted lines at the bottom of their course.

page_text: Figure 3 is a top view of the lifter rail E, shewing a hole a, through which
the
yarn passes to the twizzles.
I claim as my improvements in means of and apparatus for preparing, spin-
ning, twisting, and doubling wool, cotton, and other fibrous substances, the
apparatus for laying the yarn or thread regularly up and down the bobbin, as
shewn in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings, constructed and
acting in manner herein-before described.
Secondly, I claim the combination of such apparatus with the "dead
plate" described in the Specification of my Patent dated 15th December 1862,
No. 3345.
The object of the second part of my Invention is to effect the better
lubrication of spindles and other parts of machinery than heretofore, and
at the same time to prevent waste of the lubricating matter, as herein-after
described.
I cause one end of the bearing, which in vertical or inclined bearings (to
which description of bearings alone my Invention applies) is the lower end,
to dip into a cup containing oil or other lubricant, which cup is in some
cases stationary and in others it revolves, and at the opposite end, which
in vertical or inclined bearings is the upper end, I use another cup or
reservoir, into which any oil or lubricant that would otherwise be wasted is
caught and can be returned to the bearing, either through passages made
for the purpose or through the space between the spindle and bearing (or
otherwise). I sometimes use a partition within the cup to prevent the lubricant
escaping through the cover of the cup, and I also sometimes use a plate fixed
to the spindle or other part revolving within the cup or reservoir, which I call
a "flash plate," the use of which is to flash or throw into the reservoir the oil
or other lubricant which might otherwise escape. In cases where the collar
or bearing rail of the spindle or other part of machinery traverses up and down
I fix to the collar or bearing a tube which embraces the spindle; it is better to
leave a slight space between this tube and the spindle to avoid friction; this
tube dips into another tube of corresponding length attached to or being a
prolongation of the reservoir for oil or other lubricant, thus preventing any
waste of the lubricant by leakage from the bottom of the bearing or the exposed
part of the spindle.
Figure 4 is a vertical section shewing my means or apparatus for oiling or
lubricating applied to a flyer with a socket A, formed in a piece with it, running
upon a pin or stud B, screwed to a rail C, as described in the Specification of
Letters Patent for Great Britain granted to me dated 15th December 1862,

page_text: ..
and shewing also my apparatus for laying the yarn regularly along the length
of the bobbin. Upon the pin B, I fit a stationary cup D, for containing the
oil or other lubricant; when the flyer revolves, the oil is drawn up between
the socket and the pin to the top of the socket, where it is received or caught
a is the cover of the cup E; G, G,
by another cup E, made in the whorl F.
are apertures made in the whorl leading from the cup E into the cup D. The
oil is thus prevented from being thrown out and wasted by centrifugal force by
being caught in the cup E, from whence it returns through the apertures into
the lower cup D. When the bottom of the whorl does not form a cover to
the lower oil cup, I cover the cup with a plate F, as shewn at Figure 5. The
socket A- and pin B pass through a hole in the centre of the cover; the
socket A carries what I term a "flash plate" G, to prevent waste from the
In addition to the cover of the
oil creeping up the outside of the socket.
cups as before described, I sometimes use a tube, which, projecting, from near
the centre part of the cover downwards, as at G, Figure 6, effectively pre-
When the collar or
vents the oil from escaping at the central aperture.
bearing slides up and down the spindle as in some cotton spinning frames
and roving frames, I then elongate the bearing by means of a tube H,
Figure 7, which surrounds the spindle. The cup D is elongated in a
similar manner to receive the elongated bearing H, and when the collar I
descends or ascends the elongated portion of the. bearing H is within the
cup, and escape of oil is prevented.
To adopt my means or apparatus for oiling or lubricating to old-fashioned
spindles the cup D is fastened to the spindle and revolves with it, while the
collar or other bearing being fixed dips into the cup.
This arrangement is represented in Figure 8.
A is the spindle; B, the fixed collar rail; C, the collar in which the spindle
runs, having a cup E to catch the oil worked up by the revolving spindle; F
is a cover to this cup, which may however be dispensed with; D is the lower
oil cup
fastened to the spindle; G is the cover of this cup formed with a tube
or tubular projection H (but this projection may be dispensed with), to prevent
waste of oil by the revolution of the spindle.
In all the cases the oil is drawn up from the lower oil cup or vessel, and
any excess is caught by the upper cup, and is or may be returned into the
lower cup.
I claim under this second part of my Invention the means of preventing the
escape of the oil or other lubricant in the lubrication of vertical and inclined
spindles and other vertical and inclined parts of machinery by,-

page_text: First, an upper chamber or cup to receive the oil or other lubricant, made to
rise from a lower oil cup or vessel by the revolution of the parts to be lubri-
cated, substantially as herein-before described.
Second, a tube or tubular projection on or fixed to the cover of the
cup containing the oil or other lubricant, substantially as herein-before
described.
Third, revolving cups fitted with a cover to prevent oil or other lubricating
matter being thrown out, substantially as herein-before described.
Fourth, what I term a flash plate, substantially as herein-before de-
scribed.
Fifth, I claim the apparatus, applicable to sliding collars, as shewn at
Figure 7, and herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Martyn John Roberts, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
MARTYN J. ROBERTS.
(L.S.)