Improved Means for the Production of Motive Power
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Apr, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Mar, 1896-Accepted, 4th Apr, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improved Means for the Production of Motive Power
I, THOMAS DUTTON TFMPIER SPARROW of 191 High Road, Chiswick in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows
-
This invention relates to the application for the purposes of motive power of the
well known quality of water of increasing its bulk in freezing This may be carried
out in many different ways, but I will describe one way, without however binding
myself to that only
In the application of the principle above enunciated I employ a cylinder or vessel
provided with a piston or plunger the power from which inay be communicated to
an oscillating beam with which may be connecte more than one of these vessels if
desired, and the power or movement thus obtained may be applied in any required
manner as for example by a connecting rod or crank to the production of rotary
motion The cylinder miv contain the water to be frozen and must be of sufficient
it may be jacketted
strength to re 1st the strain to which it is to be subjected
for the purpose of applying the cold producing agent or this may be applied by
passing it through a coil or series of pipes or passages in the will of the cylinder
itself, or through the cylinder cover or otherwise is found most convenient
The cylinder may be tapered in that portion occupied by the water so as to be
smaller is it approaches the piston and larger at the back or bottom end which
may be closed by a removable cover adapted to be applied and removed between
the strokes The block of ice may be diven out by the return stroke of the
pi ton or it may be broken or removed by the application of pointed or other
in truments, screws, or the like and when the ice has escaped the cover will be
replaced, fresh supply of water admitted and the freezing process again tike
place To facilitate the freezing operation I prefer that the water when applied to
the cylinder should be at low temperature as little as practicable above the
freezing point so that a comparatively slight decrease of temperature will promptly
freeze it
Means for melting the block of ice upon its surface so as to facilitate its remov il
from the cylinder may be adoptel conveniently by the employment of an electric
current, for example that portion of the cylinder appropriated to the reception of
the water may be lined with a coiled wire through which an electric current my be
passed at the required moment and with the tapered bore of the cylinder and the
removal of the cover the block of ice would in the case of a vertical cylinder
Instead
immediately drop out by its own weight or its removal would be ficilitated
of a coil of wire other electrical arrangements for effecting the same purpose nɩy
be employed
the removal
All the movements would preferably be effected automatically, uz
and replacing of the cylinder cover or end, the application of the water, the freezing
and remov il of the ice, iny necessary connections of the moving parts of the engine
for this purpo e being made
The cooling coil or equivalent may be placed inside the cylinder or vessel being
preferably so rranged and tapered that the ice block woull easily fill off it as
previously explained the piston if nece--ary being provided with projections or
tongues adapted to pass down between the coils for the purpose of pushing out the

page_text: block of ice
Where the cooling device was situated inside the cylinder or ves el
large area might be employed as there need be no great bulk or thickness of vater
between any two freezing surfaces and this would allow of large pistons or equivalent
being employed The shape of the vessel may be varied as desired
Any of the well known plants may be employed for producing the require low
temperature, for example i plant similar in design to that employed at Eastman s
Cold Storage
The freezing apparatus may or may not be operated by or from the
other moving parts of the apparatus
Dated this 29th day of April 1895
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant
Improved Means for the Production of Motive Power
1, THOMAS DUTTON TEMPLER SPARROW of 191 High Road, Chiswick, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement
This invention relates to the application for the purposes of motive power of the
well known quality of water of increasing its bulk in freezing, This may be carried
out in many different ways, but I will descr be one way, without however binding
myself to that only
"In this application of the principle above enunciated I employ a cylinder or vessel
provided with a piston or plunger the power from which may be communicated to
an oscillating beam with which may be connected more than one of these vessels if
desired, and the power or movement thus obtained may be applied in any required
manner as for example, by a connecting rod or crank to the production of rotary
anotion The cylinder may contain the water to be frozen and must be of sufficient
strength to resist the strain to which it is to be subjected, it may be jacketted for
the purpose of applying the cold producing agent or this may be applied by passing
it through a coil or series of pipes or passages in the wall of the cylinder itself,
or through the cylinder cover or otherwise as found most convenient Many
cylinders may be situated in a cold chamber or vessel
The cylinder may be tapered in that portion occupied by the water so as to be
smaller as it approaches the piston and larger at the back or bottom end which may be
closed by a removable cover or slide adapted to be applied and removed between the
strokes The block of ice may be driven out by the return stroke of the piston, or it
may be broken or removed by the application of pointed or other instruments, screws,
or the like, and when the ice has escaped, the cover or slide will be replaced, a fresh
supply of water admitted and the freezing process again take place To facilitate the
freezing operation I prefer that the water when applied to the cylinder should be at
a low temperature as little as practicable above the freezing point _so
that a
comparatively slight decrease of temperature will promptly freeze it
Two pistons
may be used the second one removing the ice and returning to the bottom or inner
end of the cylinder, in this case the main piston would leave the cylinder at each
stroke I may use horizontal or inclined cylinders
Means for melting the block of ice upon its surface so as to facilitate its removal
from the cylinder may be adopted conveniently by the employment of an electric
current, for example that portion of the cylinder appropriated to the reception of the
water may be lined with coiled wire through which an electric current may be
passed at the required moment and with the tapered bore of the cylinder, and the
removal of the cover the block of ice would, in the case of a vertical cylinder,
ammediitely drop out by its own weight or its removal would be facilitated

page_text: Instead of a coil of wire other electrical arrangements for effecting the same
purpose may be employed
All the movements would preferably be effected automatically, viz
the removal,
and replacing of the cylinder cover or end, the application of the water, the freezing
and removal of the ice, any necessary connections of the moving parts of the engine
for this purpose being made
The cooling coil or equivalent may be placed inside the cylinder or vessel being
preferably so arranged and tapered that the ice bloch would easily fall off it as
previously explained the piston if necessary being provided with projections o
tongues adapted to pass down between the coils for the purpose of pushing out the
block of ice Where the cooling device was situated inside the cylinder oi vessel
large rea might be employed as there need be no great bulk or thickness of water
between any two freezing surfaces and this would also allow of large pistons
or equivalent being employed The shape of the vessel may be varied as desired
In teid of filling out by its own weight, the ice may be lifted or forced out
The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings
in which I have represented one form of the improved motor,
Figure 1 being a vertical section ind
Figure 2a plan the latter view showing only a portion of the motor
Like letters indicate like parts in both figures of the drawing
A A are two cylinders or freezing chambers within which reciprocate piston- B B₁
respectively, whose rods C C¹ are connected to a pivotted be un D at opposite sides of
the pivot Di thereof The piston rods CC may be connected to the beam D by iny
suitable parallel motion gear or the connections may be slotted to allow for the
slight amount of movement necessary at these parts One end of the beam D 1>
connected to the piston rod C, and the other end is connected to the crank shaft E
through a connecting rod F
Around each cylinder A A² is provided a freezing jacket G G' respectively for the
purpose of applying the cold producing agent, or, as before mentioned, this
may be applied by passing it through coil or series of pipes or passages in the
wall of the cylinder
Any of the well known plants may be employed for producing the required low
temperature, for example, a plant similar in design to that emploved at Eastman s ( old
Storage The freezing app iratus may or may not be operated by or from the other
moving parts of the apparatus
'
Го
As shown in Figure 1 each cylinder may be tapure more or less throughout its
length so as to be larger the neare it approaches the bottom or discharging end
which is adapted to be alternately closed and opened by a slide or cover H
each slide HH' is pivotted the end of lever H itself pivotted to a fixed
bracket and connected by a link H 3 to a lever H4 The lever H 4 appertaining to
the cylinder A and slide H is pivotted to a fixed bracket H 5 and to this lever is
pivotted one end of a rod H 6 whose opposite end, carrying an anti-friction roller, is
constantly pressed against a cam E' secured on the crank shaft E, the neces aly
pressure for this purpose is obtained from a spring H 7 encircling the link H 3 and acting
upon suitable abutment surfaces, one stationary, and the other movable with the link as
will be well understood The lever H 4 appertaining to the cylinder A¹ and slide H' is
pivotted at or near its centre to a fixed bracket Hd and carries at its upper end an
antitriction roller which, by means of a spring H7 is held constantly in contact with
the cun E¹ The operation of the mechanism for reciprocating the slide H is
almost identical with that for operating the slide H1 the only practical difference
being as regards the time at which such operations take place, these slides working in
alternation that is to say one is in working position or closed, while the other is
withdrawn or open
For melting the block of ice or the outer surface of such block within each of the
cylinders A A¹ in order to release the block from said cyhrder I line the cylinder
with a coiled wire or (as it is hereinafter terined,) coil J through which an electric
current is passed at the required moment The circuit J¹ in which the coil J 18

page_text: included may conveniently be completed and broken by means of the lever H 2 which,
for this purpose, may itself be included in the circuit, and arranged, at one end of its
stroke, when the slide H is withdrawn) to strike ng iinst an electrical contact J 2 so 15
to then complete the circuit when the lever H 2 is moved away from the contact J 2
the circuit is broken
The supply of water to the cylinders A A' may be controlled by spring or
equivalently actuated valves K, cach of which is so connected to a lever K 1, that
when tippet E 2 carried by the crank sha't (conveniently in the cam disc E as
shown) comes into cont ict with sud lever the valve connected to it is opened, as soon
as the tippet leves the lever K the valve is closed by its spring or otherwis
As the expansion of the water in the operation of freezing, although capable of
exerting very great pressure, is not capable of giving much motion to the piston,
I may u e number of cylinders or sets of cylinders such as before described in one
motor, the various sets serving to carry the crank shaft through succe sive portions
of its revolution
The motor shown in the accompanying drawings is provided with eight sets of
evlinders ich adapted to move the crink shift through an eighth of its revolution
It is duing this eighth of the trohe of each piston that the slide H and valves K al
closed and the freezing thes plus, the other even eighths of the stroke being more
or less utilized for withdrawing the slides H thawing the ice bocks and removing
them from the cylinders, closing the slides H and then opening and closing the
valve K the operative mechanism being arranged to secure these 10 ults at the proper
times
If desired the coil- J may be dispensed with and the ice block- pushed out of the
cylinders A by the pistons various other modifications may however be made without
departing from the spirit of the invention, for example is will be obvious instead
of using eight cranks and sets of cylinders 1 may use more or less than this number,
and may invent them and remove the ice from the top instead of the bottom, ind
further, I may arrange the apparitus so that the ice shall be removed from each
For this
cylinder through the end at which the piston rod enters sud cylinder
purpose the cylinder would preferibly be tapered in direction the reverse of that
shown in the drawing and the piston rranged to move entirely out of the cylinder
and a second piston or litter be provided to move the block of ice out of the cylinder
when the piston has left it this block being broken, melted or otherwise removed
from the lifter before the latter again moves into the cylinder In this list described
arrangement the cylinder may have one of its ends permanently closed
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my sud
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I clum is
-
1 The utilization of the expansion of water during the operation of freezing for
obtaining motive power
2 In a motive power engine the combination of a cylinder and piston and
means for admitting water to the cylinder freezing the water and removing
the ice
3 Apparatus for converting into rotary motion the linear motion obtained by the
expansion of water in a cylinder during the operation of freezing
4 In a motive power engine the combination with a cylinder having a piston
movable within it of a freezing chamber surrounding it substantially as and for the
purpose described
5 In a motive power engine the combination with a crank shaft of a cylinder having
within it a piston connected to the crank shaft a freezing chamber surrounding the
cylinder a slide oi cover capable of closing or opening the cylinder a valve for
admitting water into the cylinder and mechanism in connection with the crank shaft
for operating the slide and valve substantially as described
6 In a motive power engine the combination with a cylinder having a piston
movable within and a freezing chamber surrounding it of a coil such as K through

page_text: which an electric current may be passed substantially as and for the purpose
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings
7 The combination and arrangement of parts constituting a motive power engine
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings
Deted this 20th day of February 1896
THOS D T SPARROW
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant