IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph James Coleman of Glasgow in the County of
Lanark, North Britain for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS For
LETTERS PATENT to Joseph James Coleman of Glasgow in the County of
Lanark, North Britain for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS for
MAKING ICE BY MEANS OF COLD AIR
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph James Coleman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1882.
JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING ICE BY MEANS OF COLD AIR
"
This Invention has for its object to provide simple, convenient, and economical
apparatus for applying cold air in making ice.
In carrying out the Invention the air may be rendered sufficiently cold in any
suitable manner,
but is by preference prepared by apparatus of the kind described
in the Specifications of Patents granted to Henry Bell, James Bell and the present
applicant and numbered 1034 of 1877, 3862 of 1878, and 4191 of 1879.
The cold air is led into apparatus made according to the present Invention and
in which it acts on the outer sides of metal moulds or boxes containing the water
or other liquid to be frozen. The moulds, which are by preference of a tapering
form to facilitate the removal of the blocks of ice formed in them, are placed in a
number of separate chambers which are arranged in a series in such a way that
the cold air may be passed through them successively. Passages and valves are
formed and fitted in connection with the chambers in-such a way that each chamber
may in its turn be made the first of the series through which the air passes. The
freezing is brought to its complete stage in the chamber into which the cold air
is first admitted; and the freezing is less and less advanced in the chambers
through which the air successively passes; so that as the air gradually becomes
warmer by abstracting heat it has warmer moulds to act upon and its cooling.
power is thus used to the best advantage throughout its course.
The series of chambers with their passages and valves may be arranged in
various ways;
but in a preferable modification the structure or apparatus is of a

page_text: circular form in plan, and is enclosed by a wall of non-conducting material. The
structure is covered with non-conducting material in which suitable doors are
provided; and a non-conducting floor may be formed beneath it if necessary.
The chambers are arranged in an annular series encircling a central space which
may be used as a cold store and into which the cold air is finally led after passing
through the series of chambers. The chambers which may be formed by means of metal
plates or other suitable material are each provided with doors or valves on their
outer and inner sides and in the radial partitions which divide them from each
other. The outer doors communicate with an annular passage into which the cold
air is admitted from the refrigerating machine, and from this annular passage the
air enters whichever chamber has its outer door open. The air then passes through
the doors in the radial partitions until it reaches a chamber having its inner door
open, and thence it passes into the central space or cold store. When the freezing
is complete in the chamber first receiving the cold air that chamber is cut off, and
the outer door of the next one opened, whilst the moulds of ice are removed
through a door in the cover and moulds with water or other liquid substituted.
This chamber is then made the last of the series by opening the door on its inner
side and that in the radial partition separating it from the chamber which was
previously the last and closing the door on the inner side of such previously
last one.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph James Colenian in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th September 1882.
JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING ICE BY MEANS OF COLD AIR'
دو
My said Invention has for its object to provide simple, convenient, and economical
apparatus for applying cold air in making ice.
In carrying out my Invention the air may be rendered sufficiently cold in any
suitable manner, but is by preference prepared by apparatus of the kind
described in the Specifications of Patents granted to Henry Bell, James Bell, and
myself and numbered 1034 of 1877; 3862 of 1878 and 4191 of 1879.
The cold air is led into apparatus made according to my present Invention and
in which it acts on the outer sides of moulds or boxes containing the water or
other liquid to be frozen. The moulds are placed in a number of separate chambers
which are arranged in a series in such a way that the cold air may be passed
through them successively. Passages and valves are formed and fitted in connection
with the chambers in such a way that each chamber may in its turn be made the first
of the series through which the air passes. The freezing is brought to its complete
stage in the chamber into which the cold air is first admitted; and the freezing is
less and less advanced in the chambers through which the air successively passes,
so that as the air gradually becomes warmer by abstracting heat, it has warmer
moulds to act upon and its cooling power is thus used to the best advantage
throughout its course.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood I hereunto append a sheet of explanatory drawings
to be hereinafter referred to and representing by way of example one modification
of my improved apparatus or arrangements.
Figure 1, on the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings is a horizontal
section of my apparatus for making ice by means of cold air, and figure, 2, is a
vertical section. In these drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark
the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
In the modification of apparatus for applying the cold air for making ice shown
on the accompanying sheet of drawings, the cold air is made to act on the outsides
of metal moulds or boxes, 51, containing the water or other liquid to be frozen.
The moulds 51, which are by preference of a tapering form to facilitate the removal
of the blocks of ice formed in them, are placed in a number of separate chambers;
52a, 52b, &c being supported therein by flanges formed on the moulds resting on
flanges or ribs formed or fixed on the sides of the chambers. The chambers 52a, b.&c
are arranged in a series in such a way that the cold air may be passed through them
successively; and passages 53, and valves 54, 55, 56, are formed and fitted in con-
nection with the chambers in such a way that each chamber may in its turn be
made the first of the series through which the air passes. The freezing is brought
to its complete stage in the chamber (52a for example) into which the cold air
coming direct from the refrigerating machinery by the duct, 30, and passage, 53,
is first admitted; and the freezing is less and less advanced in the chambers
(52b, c, &c) through which the air successively passes, so that as the air gradually
becomes warmer by abstracting heat, it, has warmer moulds to act upon, and its
cooling power is thus used to the best advantage throughout its course.
The series of chambers with their passages and valves may be arranged in
various ways; but in a preferable modification the structure or apparatus is of a
circular form in plan as shown on the accompanying drawings and is enclosed by

page_text: a wall of non-conducting material. The structure is covered with non-conducting
material in which suitable doors, 57, 58, are provided; and a non-conducting
floor may be formed beneath it as shown, if necessary. The chambers 52a, b, &c
are arranged in an annular series, encircling a central space, 59, which may be used
as a cold store and into which the cold air is finally led after passing through the
series of chambers. The chambers 52a, b. &c. which may be formed by means of
metal plates or wooden boards or other suitable material, are provided with doors
or valves, 54, on their outer sides, communicating with the annular passage, 53,
also with doors or valves, 55, in the radial partitions separating the chambers, and
'also with doors or valves, 56, on their inner sides and communicating with the
central space 59. The cold air first enters one chamber, 52a, through its outer
door or valve, 54, and then passes successively by the partition doors, 55, into and
through the other chambers, 52b, c, &c until it reaches a chamber 52h, having its
inner door 56, open by which it passes into the central space, or cold store, 59.
When the freezing is complete in chamber, 52a, that chamber is shut off and the
outer door, 54, of the next one, 526, opened, whilst the moulds of ice are removed
through a door, 57 in the cover; and moulds with water or other liquid substi-
tuted. This chamber, 52a, is then made the last of the series by opening its inner
door, 56, and that 55, in the radial partition separating it from the chamber 52h,
which was previously the last and closing the door, 56, of this previously last
chamber, 52h, The same changes are made with each of the chambers in regular
succession so that the cold air may be used to the best advantage as already
explained. From the central chamber, 59, the air may be allowed to escape
through small openings or it may be led thence by a special duct back again to the
. refrigerating machine. The moulds or boxes, 51, may be of any convenient or
suitable form; thus round pails or tapered tubes may be used appropriate supports
being provided for them.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise
details herein described or delineated but that what I believe to be novel and original
and claim as the Invention secured to me by and in terms of the hereinbefore in.
part recited Letters Patent is :-
The combination or arrangement of parts for applying cold air in making ice,
and consisting of a series of chambers protected by non-conducting walls and
covers, fitted for receiving moulds or boxes in which the ice is to be formed, and
provided with doors or valves in connection with passages by means of which the
cold air is made to pass successively through the chambers with periodical changes
of the succession of the chambers in regular rotation substantially as hereinbefore
described.
In Witness whereof, I, the said Joseph James Coleman, have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twenty-third day of September in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
Witness
EDMUND HUNT.
Patent Agent.
Glasgow.
J. J. COLEMAN. (L.S.)