Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd May, 1886.
Complete Left, 21st Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 1st Apr., 1887.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 35, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates more especially to that kind of stove through which air
circulates and is heated in its progress, the combustion chamber and parts of the stove
exposed to great heat being lined with firebrick or fireclay. It has for its objects
more especially an improved form of the combustion or heating chamber; of the
parts through which the heated air circulates. The size and form of the stove may be
varied according to the circumstances under which it is to be used and it is constructed
so that it can be kept in operation continuously.
The body of the stove consists of a combustion or heating chamber and a vertical
fuel supply tube the two joining together in the lower part of the stove. In the
front of the stove below the bottom of the feeding tube is an opening provided with
a door through which the fire is lighted and through which fuel may also be supplied
The bottom of the combustion
at intervals when the feeding tube is not used.
chamber is also open and is provided with a fire grate which separates it from an ash
holder below. A third opening is made at the back of the stove exactly opposite to
the door first described, and serving for the escape of the smoke directly to the
chimney when the fire is first lighted, a pipe from this opening communicating in a
direct line with the chimney so that it can be examined and cleaned through the fire-
door in front. The combustion chamber is entirely lined with fireclay and its shape
above the level of the firedoor is conical, its upper narrower. end terminating in a
vertical cylindrical tube of fireclay. Above the open end of the latter is arranged
a cupola the inside of which is also lined with fireclay and the entire linings of
fireclay described are made of greater thickness where exposed to the greatest heat.

page_text: The part of the combustion chamber is flattened where it adjoins the vertical fuel
feeding tube which is rectangular in horizontal section, and the lower part of such
flattened side is supported upon a transverse fireclay arch, which supports the wall
of the combustion chamber and of the fuel feeding tube. It further serves to prevent
the fuel from falling into the base of the conical combustion chamber and to prevent
the fuel from entering the opening to the chimney already described, which would
not however stop the process of heating but would be converted to coke and be
collected and re-used.
The thickness of the burning fuel in the combustion chamber is about 20 centimetres
and the best fuel is small pieces of ordinary coal.
The smoke and products of combustion rise through the conical flue and through
the cylindrical flue of fireclay at its upper end into the cupola which serves as a
reflector and diverts them downward through a sufficient number of vertical tubes
provided with radiating external longitudinal ribs communicating at their lower end
with a circular flue which surrounds the ash pit.
From this flue they pass out through a flue opposite the firedoor whence a vertical
pipe communicates with the horizontal pipe passing directly to the chimney as
described.
The fuel feeding tube is placed vertically as already described in front of the conical
part of the combustion chamber the lower part of which is flattened in order to allow
its proximity and to save space. In plan the tube consists of an inner and two side
flat walls whilst the front one is curved and forms part of the outer casing of the
stove. The back wall is curved round and forward at its upper end forming an
opening in front through which it is filled with fuel.
If it is required to hold a larger quantity of fuel the side walls may be spread out
laterally in front, the fuel in such case sliding easily down the sloping tube to the
combustion chamber below.
Inside the feed tube and parallel but at a short distance from its back is a plate
the front end of which reaches the opening at the front of the tube, whilst its lower
edge descends to the bottom of the conical part of the combustion chamber. It is
held in its place by studs or bolts so that air can enter at the upper end of the narrow
space between itself and the feeding tube and passing down this space escapes under
the firebrick arch first described where having been heated in its passage it mixes
with the products of combustion and prevents smoke. The upper entrance to this
passage is provided with a suitable valve for regulating the admission of the air. The
entrance to the feeding tube is tightly closed by a moveable door.
The central conical part of the combustion chamber serves to augment the effective
heating surface of the stove. Its lower inner edge also serves as a fire bridge and its
. conical shape concentrates the radient heat.
The products of combustion rising into the cupola heat the latter and then descend
below its outer edge through a metal cylinder which after descending to about half
the height of the fireclay cylinder above the cone is flanged horizontally inward until
it meets the former, part of it being cut away to leave room for the fuel supply tube.
The metal cylinder is then continued downwards round the fireclay cylinder and cone.
The vertical metal tubes with radiating ribs already described are connected at their
upper end with the horizontal flange and at their lower end with a horizontal annular,
Hue round the ashpit. They are arranged at equal distances apart round the conical
combustion chamber except at the front and the back where the fuel feeding tube and
the horizontal exit flue respectively would interfere with them.
Sufficient space is left between the tubes and the combustion chamber for the cir-
culation of air. The lower annular flue into which the ribbed pipes descend does not
extend to the front of the stove where the aslipan has to be removed and its upper
side is about level with the horizontal grate and its lower side with the foundation of
the stove. If it were of greater height the draught would be lessened and soot and
ashes would accumulate. It is supported from below and can be readily cleaned from
its front end. At the back it is carried by T-irons.
At the back the inner side of the flue retains its circular shape whilst its outer side

page_text: curves outward and opens into a horizontal flue communicating as already described
through a vertical pipe to the chimney, which vertical pipe contains a door or
valve by which a passage can be opened directly from the combustion chamber to the
chimney as first described. The ash pit is in plan similar in size and shape to the
combustion chamber above but of greater dimensions since it has no fireclay lining.
Its front end can be tightly closed by a door. In it is placed a moveable ash-holder
having sloping sides so as to catch all the ashes. The ash-holder is carried on bars or
supports so as to raise it a short distance above a perforated plate forming the bottom
of the stove through which air is admitted and passes under and round the ash-holder
to the firebars.
The air for the combustion is ordinarily admitted from below through this per-
forated plate the perforations of which extend just beyond the bottom of the ash-holder.
The remaining outer part of the plate is provided with openings through which the
air to be warmed can enter the space between the outer and inner casings of the
stove through which it circulates. Where external air is to be brought in to be
warmed by circulation through the stove, this part of the bottom plate is closed with
the exception of three holes which receive as many pipes, two at the sides and one at
the back of the stove, the three tubes afterwards uniting into one larger one com-
municating with the external air and provided with a valve by which the admission of
the air can be regulated.
In this case the lower edge of the outer casing of the stove is provided with slits
or openings through which part of the air can pass into a narrow, space between
itself and a second external sheath. The base of the stove is provided with feet or
supports sufficiently high for the three tubes last described; and in this way a stratum
of air space is left under the stove sufficient to prevent the radiation of too strong a
heat to the floor of the room.
The second external sheath last described forms the outside of the stove and may
be made as ornamental as desired.
Both the external casing and this outer sheath extend completely round the stove
except where the fuel feeding tube and the exit flues are in the way. They rest upon
the base plate of the stove and are fixed in front to the sides of the feeding tube.
The air rises between these two casings and also between the inner casing and the
combustion chamber of the stove round the vertical ribbed pipes and having been
highly heated in its progress it passes between the outer side of the cupola and a
corresponding dome of metal fixed at a short. distance above the latter. It then
passes through an opening at the top of this dome and downwards between the latter
and a second dome which forms the external top of the stove. The lower edge of
this external dome is some distance from the external casing of the stove, and the
heated air descends through this annular space to a horizontal plate provided with
circular holes from which descend short pipes preferably wider at their lower ends
through which the warm air escapes into the room.
The stove may be constructed of materials suitable to the circumstances under
which it is to be used; wrought iron or cast iron where requisite and fireclay or other
refractory material for the parts exposed to the fire.
The exterior of the stove may be ornamented in any desired way and it may be
covered with tiles if desired.
To light the stove pieces of coal or
sufficient to cover the horizontal grate.
the latter more coal or coke. The wood
through the door if the stove is only to be
supplied through the fuel feeding tube.
coke are introduced through the firedoor
Upon these are placed firewood and upon
is then ignited and fresh fuel introduced
temporarily used. If continuously fuel is
For the escape of the smoke when the stove is first lighted the regulating valve
first described is opened so as to allow the smoke to escape directly to the chimney
through the flue opposite the door. When the chimney is thus sufficiently heated so
as to cause sufficient draught the valve is closed and the smoke and products of com-
bustion then circulate through the stove in the manner above described and the
circulation and warming of the air commence.

page_text: The horizontal grate can then be easily cleaned as the fuel in the combustion
chamber and the feeding tube are supported by the fork. The fire is then relighted
and when well burning the fork is removed and the fuel descends upon the fire.
The lining of the fireplace is made of such a shape as to properly support the points
of the fork.
A plate of mica is fitted in a small door outside the firedoor the small door con-
sisting of an iron frame provided with a strong metal wire grating. This small door
is held in position in any convenient way so as not to yield to the pressure of the fuel
and to preserve the mica plate.
The door to the fuel feeding tube is arranged to turn upon hinges downward or
sideways and to correspond with the ornamented part of the stove. The fuel feeding
tube being separated from the combustion chamber by a space through which air
passes as described the fuel is not likely to ignite and burn and so cause waste.
The thickness of the burning fuel on the grate is not more than about 20 centi-
mêtres and if the horizontal part of the grate be reduced and the inclined part
increased the quantity of the burning fuel can be lessened.
Dated this 22nd day of May 1886.
EDWARDS & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heating-stoves.
A communication to me from abroad by KARL WEHSE, Physician of the
Laudeck Bath, Silesia, in the Empire of Germany.
•
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co., Patent. Agents and
Engineers, of 35, Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings (that is to say) :-
This invention relates more especially to that kind of stove through which air
circulates and is heated in its progress, the combustion chamber and parts of the
stove exposed to great heat being lined with firebrick or fireclay. It has for its objects
more especially an improved form of the combustion or heating chamber; and of the
paris through which the heated air circulates. The size and form of the stove may be.
varied according to the circumstances under which it is to be used and it is constructed
so that it can be kept in operation continuously.
The improved stove is applicable more especially for local heating, but it may also
be applied to heating different rooms.
In the accompanying drawings which are in illustration of the invention
Figure 1 is a vertical section and Figure 2 a horizontal section, through a stove.
Figure 3 is a modified form of the cupola or cover.
Figure 4 is another modified form of this cupola or cover.
Figure 5 shews the arrangement and employnient of this latter modification to
existing stoves.
The body of the stove consists of a combustion or heating chamber and a vertical
fuel supply tube the two joining together in the lower part of the stove.
In the front of the stove below the bottom of the feeding tube is an opening c
provided with a door through which the fire is lighted and through which fuel may
also be supplied at intervals when the feeding tube is not used.
The bottom of the combustion chamber is also open and is provided with a firegrate
which separates it from an ash holder below.. A third opening is made at the
back of the stove exactly opposite to the door first described, and serving for the
escape of the smoke directly to the chimney when the fire is first lighted, so as to
create an upward draught, a pipe from this opening communicating in a direct line
with the chimney so that it can be examined and cleaned through the firedoor
in front.
The combustion chamber is entirely lined with fireclay B and its shape at B¹ above
the level of the firedoor at fis conical, its upper narrower end terminating in a
vertical cylindrical tube of fireclay B².

page_text: Above the open end of the latter is arranged a cupola the inside of which is also
lined with fireclay, and the entire linings of fireclay described are made of greater
thickness where exposed to the greatest heat as for instance round the grate as shewn
in section at hand k (figure 1).
where it
The part of the combustion chamber is flattened, as shewn in figure
adjoins the vertical fuel feeding tube which is rectangular in horizontal section, and
the lower part of such flattened side is supported upon a low transverse fireclay arch
at m (figures 1 and 2), which supports the wall of the combustion chamber and of the
fuel feeding tube and adds to the durability and solidity of the construction. It
further serves to prevent the fuel from falling into the base of the conical combustion
chamber and to prevent the fuel from entering into the opening d to the chimney
already described either from the door e whilst lighting the fire, or through the feed
tube, which fuel would not however stop the process of heating but would be converted
to coke and be collected and re-used.
The thickness of the burning fuel in the combustion chamber is therefore so small
that it comes in contact with sufficient air to render its combustion perfect. The
arch also allows the opening to be easily seen through the door c.
The layer of fuel in the heating chamber, will be about 20 centimetres thick either
for the horizontal grate or the sloping grate, for ordinary local or domestic stoves.
It should be a little less toward the back of the hearth.
Small pieces of coal form the best fuel.
The smoke and products of combustion rise from the chamber C through the
conical fine and through the cylindrical flue of fireclay g at its upper end, into the
cupola which serves as a reflector and diverts them downward through a sufficient
number of vertical tubes A provided with radiating external longitudinal ribs (as
shewn in figure 2), and communicating at their lower end with a circular flue D
which surrounds the ash pit. From this they pass out through a flue n opposite the
firedoor whence a vertical pipe o communicates with the horizontal pipe p¹ passing
directly to the chimney as described.
The fuel feeding tube is placed vertically as already described in front of the
conical part of the combustion chamber, the lower part of which is flattened in order
to allow its proximity and to save space. In plan the tube consists of an inner and
two side flat walls whilst the front one is curved and forms part of the outer casing of
the stove the whole being fixed together as shewn.
The back wall is curved round and forward at its upper end (from a centre at
about the point g) forming an opening in front through which it is filled with fuel.
If it is required to hold a larger quantity of fuel the side walls may be spread out
laterally in front (as shewn in dotted lines in figure 2) the fuel in such case sliding
easily down the sloping tube to the combustion chamber below.
Inside the feed tube and parallel but at a short distance (about one centimetre)
from its back is a plate p the front end of which reaches the opening, at the front of
the tube at whilst its lower edge descends to the bottom of the conical part of the
combustion chamber at m, its lower edge corresponding with the shape of the arch.
It is held in its place by studs or bolts so that air can enter at the upper end of the
narrow space between itself and the feeding tube and passing down this space escapes
under the firebrick arch m first described, where having been heated in its passage it
mixes with the products of combustion and prevents smoke, utilizing the gases, and
rendering combustion perfect.
The upper entrance to this passage at is provided with a suitable valve for
regulating the admission of the air which already has a high temperature, as it is
taken from the heated air circulating chamber at the top of the stove, and it is still
further heated as it passes down the narrow space.
The entrance to the feeding tube is tightly closed by a moveable door which is only
opened to supply fuel, the air regulating valve e being entirely separate.
The central conical part of the combustion chamber serves to augment the effective
heating surface of the stove. Its lower inner edge also serves as a fire bridge and its

page_text: conical shape concentrates the radient heat though this shape is not absolutely
essential.
The products of combustion rising into the cupola i heat, the latter which is lined
with fireclay and then descend below through a metal cylinder not lined with fireclay
which after descending to about half the height of the fireclay cylinder B2 above the
cone is flanged horizontally inward until it meets the former, part of it being cut
away to leave room for the fuel supply tube. The metal cylinder is then continued
downwards round the fireclay cylinder and cone 132 and B₁ as shewn at K. The
vertical metal tubes A with radiating ribs already described are connected at their
upper end with the horizontal flange and at their lower end with a horizontal annular
channel or flue D round the ashpit. They are arranged at equal distances apart round
the conical combustion chamber except at the front and the back where the fuel
feeding tube and the horizontal exit flue d¹ respectively would interfere with them.
Sufficient space is left between the tubes A and the combustion chamber for the
circulation of air. The lower annular flue D into which the ribbed pipes A descend
does not extend to the front of the stove, where the ashpan has to be removed, and
its upper side is about level with the horizontal grate and its lower side with the
foundation plate of the stove. If it were of greater height the draught would be
lessened and soot and ashes would accumulate and it would not correspond with the
height of the sides of the ashpit. It is supported from below and can be readily
cleaned from its front end. At the back it is carried by T-irons, and its front ends
are shewn in dotted lines at t. At the back the inner side of the flue retains its
circular shape whilst its outer side curves outward and opens into a horizontal fluen
communicating as already described through a vertical pipe o with the chimney,
which vertical pipe o contains a door or valve by which a passage can be opened
directly from the combustion chamber through d to the chimney as first described.
The ashpit is in plan similar in size and shape to the combustion chamber above but
of greater dimensions since it has no fireclay lining. Its front end can be tightly
closed by a door y. It is of such depth that under it can be placed a moveable ash-
holder N of suitable shape having sloping sides so as to catch all the ashes.
The sides and front of the ash holder are flat whilst its back takes the circular
form of the ash pit.
All four sides slope in towards the bottom; and so that the back of the holder may
not push against the ash pit, its upper edge is provided with a horizontal projection.
The sides of the ash holder are a little narrower than the ash pit so that the former
may pass through the door of the latter. +
The upper edges are wider than the entire grate, so that no ashes can fall past the
holder. The ash holder is carried on bars or supports so as to raise it a short
distance above a perforated plate forming the bottom of the stove through which air is
admitted and passes under and round the ash holder to the firebars.
The air for the combustion is ordinarily admitted from below through this perforated
plate L the perforations of which extend just beyond the bottom of the ash holder.
The remaining outer part of the plate is provided with openings through which the
air to be warmed can enter the space between the outer and inner casings of the
stove through which it circulates. Where external air is to be brought in to be
warmed by circulation through the stove, this part of the bottom plate is closed with
the exception of three holes which receive as many pipes, two M at the sides and one
at the back of the stove at P, the three tubes afterwards uniting into one larger one M
communicating with the external air and provided with a valve M" by which the
admission of the air can be regulated.
In this case the lower edge of the outer casing of the stove is provided with slits or
openings through which part of the air can pass into a narrow space between itself
and a second external sheath.
The base of the stove is provided with feet or supports sufficiently high for the
three tubes last described; and in this way a stratum of air space is left under the
stove sufficient to prevent the radiation of too strong a heat to the floor of the room.

page_text: The second external sheath last described forms the outside of the entire stove and
may be made as ornamental as desired.
Both the external casing and this outer sheath extend completely round the stove
except where the fuel feeding tube and the exit flues are in the way. They rest upon
the base plate of the stove and are fixed in front to the sides of the feeding tube.
The air rises between these two casings and also between the inner casing and the
combustion chamber of the stove round the vertical ribbed pipes and having been
highly heated in its progress it passes between the outer side of the cupola and a
corresponding dome of metal fixed at a short distance above the latter. It then
passes through an opening at the top of this dome and downwards between the
latter and a second dome which forms the external top of the stove.
The lower edge of this external dome is some distance from the external casing of
the stove and the heated air descends through this annular space to a horizontal
plate u provided with circular holes from which descend short pipes R preferably
wider at their lower ends through which the warm air escapes into the room.
The stove may be constructed of materials, suitable to the circumstances under
which it is to be used; wrought iron or cast iron where requisite and fireclay or other
refractory material for the parts exposed to the fire.
The exterior of the stove may be ornamented in any desired way and it may be
covered with tiles if desired.
To light the stove pieces of coal or coke are introduced through the firedoor e
sufficient to cover the horizontal grate. Upon these are placed firewood and upon the
latter more coal or coke. The wood is then ignited and fresh fuel introduced through
the door c if the stove is only to be temporarily used. If continously fuel is supplied
through the fuel feeding tube.
For the escape of the smoke when the stove is first lighted the regulating valve in
the tube o first described is opened so as to allow the smoke to escape directly to the
chimney through the flue d' opposite the door.
When the chimney is thus sufficiently heated so as to cause sufficient draught the
valve is closed and the smoke and products of combustion then circulate through the
stove in the manner above described and the circulation and warming of the air
commence.
A plate of mica is fitted in a small door outside the firedoor e the small door
consisting of an iron frame provided with a strong metal wire grating. This small
door is held in position in any convenient way so as not to yield to the pressure of the
fuel, and to preserve the mica plate.
The door to the fuel feeding tube is arranged to turn upon hinges downward or
sideways and to correspond with the ornamented part of the stove.
In cases (as illustrated in figures 3 and 4) where the exterior cupola does not cover
the door of the feeding tube, this arrangement becomes superfluous, and the door may
be ornamented in accordance with the entire arrangement of the stove.
The fuel feeding tube being separated from the combustion chamber by, a space
through which air passes as described is not likely to ignite and burn and so cause waste.
The thickness of the burning fuel on the grate is not more than about 20 centimetres
and if the horizontal part of the grate (shewn in figure 1) be reduced and the inclined
part increased the quantity of the burning fuel can be lessened.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
In a stove with an outer casing of metal or tiles,
1. The method of admitting air from below the base plate of the stove, if the air in
the room is to be used, or through the pipe M, provided with the valve M, if the
external air is to be used, in which case the air is divided, part of it passing through
the pipes M² to supply the fire, and the remainder passing through the tube P, and
circulating round the stove as shewn by the arrows, where it is heated and passes out
into the room through the openings R, substantially as described and shewn.

page_text: 2. The combination of the fireclay lining B, the heating chamber C, having the
opening and door c exactly opposite the flue d', and the second ashpit door y below c,
substantially as described and shewn.
3. The fuel feed tube formed by the exterior casing of the stove, and the casing of
the inner flue, and the lining plate with the narrow intervening air space, and the
feeding door at r, s, substantially as described and shewn.
4. The conical flue lined with fireclay B, and the upper cylindrical fireclay flue B',
serving as a chimney for the conical flue f, substantially as described and shewn.
5. The cupola, or hemispherical cover, lined with refractory material i, carried by
the supports S, S', upon the casing of the inner flue g and forming a closed space,
from which the products of combustion pass down through the ribbed pipes A. into the
circular flue D, and thence through the pipe n to the chimney, substantially as
described and shewn.
6. The two external cupolas or domes T and U, between the inner one of which T
and the outside of the cupola i the air coming in from P is heated, passing thence
through the opening Q, and down between the cupolas T and U, and through the
openings R, into the room to be warmed, substantially as described and shewn."
7. The method of applying the parts claimed in the foregoing claims 5 and 6 to
ordinary or other stoves, substantially as shown in figures 3, 4, and 5.
8. The method of constructing and arranging an air flue at the back of the fuel
feeding tube, by means of the partition p, extending from r to m, in combination
with the regulating valve r, for admitting heated air to the heating chamber fat m,
substantially as described and shewn in the drawings.
EDWARDS & Co.,
Agents for the Inventor.