Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 24th June, 1895-Accepted, 27th July, 1895
JAMES SANDEMAN 272 Penton Place, Penrose Street Walworth Road
London S.E. Mariner do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The use of a bowl made of iron swinging on gimbals in which the compass hangs
and by which means the necessity for correctors or for swinging a ship for
adjustment of the compass is done away with.
I claim further the arrangement of the needles which must be 10 degrees apart
placing the two inner needles 20 degrees from the north and south line. For a dry
compass the needles must be of the following sizes 5" 4", 4" & 31" by 3" thick
and " in width, and for a spirit compass of the same sizes, but 1 of an inch
thick.
Dated this 25th day of September 1894.
32
I, JAMES SANDEMAN of 272 Penton Place, Penrose Street Walworth Road S.E.
in the County of Surrey, Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
My invention consists of an iron bowl covered with thin brass inside and outside
Swinging on gimbols.
In this bowl the compass hangs in the binnacle and by its use the necessity of
using correctors or of swinging the ship for adjustment of the compass is done
away with.
On the accompanying drawing similar letters refer to similar parts throughout.
P. P. is the iron bowl covered inside and outside with brass or other suitable
material.
H. H. is a ring made of metal or other material secured to the inside covering of
the iron bowl P. P. with brackets M. M. for the gimbols F. to fit into.
F. F. are the compass bowl gimbols.
L. L. is a ring made of metal or other material fastened to the outside covering
of the iron bowl.
K. K. are the gimbols of the iron bowl by which it hangs when in the binnacle.
In carrying out my invention I use a compass card G. which has on its underside
several needles N. of varying length placed parallel to the centre line i.e. north and
south line on the card, and I find by experiment that the best results are obtained
when the needles are of the following number and sizes and placed in order as
described.
In practice I find that for a 9" compass card the following arrangement and size
of the needles N. to be the most suitable. Taking the east and west side
needle N. 1-5" long placed 20° from the centre line-the needle N. 2.-4" long

page_text: placed on the card at 30° from the centre line-the needle N. 3.-4" long placed at
40° from the centre line and the needle N. 4.-34" long-placed at 50° from the
centre line. All the needles " in width by 3" in thickness.
32
I do not claim any special sizes of needles as these would be of such sizes as I
find most suitable for the various size compasses and would also be governed by the
kind of compass used i.e. either dry or spirit.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a mariners' compass the use of an iron bowl covered inside and outside
with brass or other suitable material swinging on gimbols in which the compass
hangs and by means of which the necessity for correctors or for swinging the
ship for adjustment of the compass is done away with substantially as described and
set forth.
2. Arrangement of needles of varying length placed parallel on the under side of
the compass card & spaced at various degrees from the centre line substantially as
described.
Dated this 11th 1 of Tan 1905
JAMES SANDEMAN.