IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cunliffe Lister, of Manningham, near
Bradford, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SPINNING."
Sealed the 28th April 1857, and dated the 18th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th November 1856.
I, SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Manningham, near Bradford, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of, the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SPINNING," to be as follows:-
. When spinning fino numbers, especially upon spindles where the bobbin
runs upon a dead surface, it is important to reduce the drag; and the plan
which I adopt is as follows:-I remove the washer cloth usually used for
regulating the drag, and place the bobbin upon a metal tube, which is made so
as to offer as little friction as possible. Instead of having the bobbin placed
upon a metal tube, sometimes I make the bobbin itself of metal to run as light as
possible; sheet steel will answer well; or the bobbin may be made of "vulcanite"
india-rubber or gutta percha, (that is, the hard compound of india-rubber or
gutta percha produced by sulphur and heat,) or a paper tube mounted on a
metal or other tube will run very light. By the above arrangement I am able
to spin fine cotton and other yarns upon a throstle frame, especially when spun

page_text: wet, at speeds and to a degroe of fineness never before attained, which is most
important.
Another improvement consists in running, roving, or spinning frames at
varying speeds, as it is especially important in roving frames to run gradually
slower as the bobbins fill. Also less waste is made by placing the spindle closer
to the rollers than is usually the case, particularly when spinning long fibre; in
that case the spindles must be so arranged as to move out of the way when
being doffed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Manningham, near Bradford, in the County of York,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Iler most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Cunliffe Lister, Ier special licence that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe
Lister, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Samuel Cunliffe Lister, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPINNING," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Samuel Cunliffe
Lister, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-

page_text: My improvements consist m running, roving, or spinning frames at varying
speeds, as it is especially important in roving frames to run gradually as the
bobbins fill.
Having described the nature of the Invention, I will now proceed to describe
the method I adopt in carrying it out.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1 shews an end view, and Fig. 2 a plan, of so much of the driving end
of an ordinary throstle spiuning frame as will suffice to explain that part of my
Invention which relates to increasing the velocity of a throstle spinning frame,
in order better to regulate the drag as the bobbins are being filled with yarn..
a, a, is the framing; and 6 is the driving pulley, to which motion is com-
municated by a belt in the ordinary manner. The pulley b is fixed on the
axis b', revolving in bearings at 62, and on the axis 6' is fixed the conical drum
; c is the axis of the drum c', which drives the spindles, and from the axis c
all the motions of the machine relating to the spinning must be obtained in the
.ordinary manner.
Motion is communicated to the axis c by means of the belt D passing
around the conical drum 63 on the axis 6', and the conical drum c on the axis c.
The drum c is not fixed on the axis c, but is connected with it when the frame
is in motion by the clutch box c³ on the end of the drum being moved by
the lever c into the clutch box c on the axis c. F is a guide for the belt D,
and this guide is moved so as to move the belt D in the direction of the arrow
from one end of the drums b, c, to the other, so as to cause the frame to move
at a gradually increasing velocity while the bobbins are being filled. The
guide F is actuated in the following manner :-On the axis 6' is fixed the
pinion F, giving motion to the toothed wheel F, moving on a stud attached to
the framing. To the wheel F is attached the crank pin F, moving in a slot
in the lever F, and so actuating the lever F', that by means of the catch F³ it
gives motion to the ratchet wheel F fixed on the axis of the screw F', and the
screw F by means of a thread formed in the guide F moves the guide F in the
direction of the arrow, as before described. F are springs, which press against
the guide F when it has passed from the screw F, so that when the motion
of the screw F is reversed the screw F will again enter the thread formed
in the guide F. G is a toothed wheel, which takes into the pinion F on the
axis of the screw F, so that by turning the wheel G, when the catches F, F¹º,
are thrown out of the ratchet wheel Fo the guide F may be brought back pre-
viously to connecting the drum c³ with the axis c, in the manner before
described. Roving frames, especially for worsted, require to run slower as the

page_text: bobbins fill, as by reason of the increased diameter of the bobbin the surface
speed at which the fibrous material travels through the air is in an ordinary
frame, at least double when the bobbins are full to, what it is when they are
empty, that is, when the frame first starts, and the consequence is that the
outside of the roving is much rougher than the inside, the increased velocity
throwing out the fibre more, as will be readily understood by a competent
workman, the same mechanism as already described for gradually increasing
the speed of spinning frames may be slightly modified & reversed so as to
mako a roving or other frame run gradually slower.
Having thus stated the best method I am acquainted with for carrying 'out
this part of my Invention, I would have it understood that the construction and
arrangement of the mechanical parts may be greatly varied without departing
'from the nature of my Invention, which consists in giving a gradually increasing
or diminishing speed to throstle spinning or roving frames whilst the bobbins
are being filled witli yarn.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred & fifty-seven.
Witness,
JAMES HAMILTON,
Bradford, Yorkshire.
S. C. LISTER. (L.S.)