IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLOUGHS, DRILLS, SCARIFIERS, AND SUCH LIKE AGRICUL- TURAL IMPLEMENTS, THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE MODE OF GUIDING OR STEERING THE SAME
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lansley, of Brown Candover, in the County of
Hants, Agricultural Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLOUGHS, DRILLS, SCARIFIERS, AND SUCH LIKE AGRICUL-
TURAL IMPLEMENTS, THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE MODE OF
GUIDING OR STEERING THE SAME."
Sealed the 28th March 1862, and dated the 5th October 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lansley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
October 1861.
I, JOHN LANSLEY, of Brown Candover, in the County of Hants, Agricultural
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLOUGHS, DRILLS, SCARIFIERS, AND SUCH LIKE
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE MODE OF
GUIDING OR STEERING THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The first of my improvements relates more particularly to the head gear
and beams of ploughs. I propose to form the head of the beam so as to
work on a swivel when required, but when wished to be worked as a fixed or
rigid beam the swivel to be held by a spring, catch, or bolt, to be thrown in
and out of gear by means of a handle near the stilts. The head of the beam
is made with an eye, through which the screw of the plough passes and works
[Price Sd.]

page_text: in; the pressure of the beam, by means of the swivel to the right or left,
acts as a lever and turns the plough or the wheels which steer in like man-
ner; hence the ploughman, when turning the headlands, is able to do so
easily, and to alter the depth of the work without stopping his horses.
The second part of my Invention relates to the application of the said
steering gear to the head gear or steerages, formed of one, two, or more
wheels, used for drawing horse hoes, cultivators, scarifiers, paving ploughs,
and such like implements wherein a steering gear is required. The head
gear of these is formed somewhat similarly to those of the plough before
mentioned, having a nut and screw to regulate the depth of the work. This
head gear and steering apparatus is applicable for either one or two wheels.
For drills which have but one wheel in a frame, the steerage is fixed at
the one side and acted upon from there.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Lansley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th
April 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
LANSLEY, of Brown Candover, in the County of Hants, Agricultural Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Lansley, Her special licence that I, the said John Lansley, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said John
Lansley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC.
TION OF PLOUGHS, DRILLS, SCARIFIERS, AND SUCH LIKE AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE MODE OF GUIDING OR STEERING THE
SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Lansley, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the-said Invention; and in--what manner the same was to

page_text: be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Lansley, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say -
My improvements in ploughs, scarifiers, drills, hoes, rakes, and such like
agricultural implements, relate more particularly to the peculiar arrangements
and mechanism which I adopt for guiding and steering the same, and also the
peculiar arrangements I adopt for the purpose of setting and adjusting those
parts of the same which regulate the depth of the work done and the position
of the line of draft for the horses. To effect these I propose to form the head
of the beam of ploughs (and the same is applicable to all implements having
to produce work of a similar kind) detached from the other portion, but
connected with it in such a manner that the driver driver can at will set it
free, so as to enable the share to be turned out of the furrow by throwing it
down without effecting the front or steering and guiding portion, and hence
enable the implement to turn or be guided or steered in a much more simple
and effectual manner than heretofore; that is to say, when at work in a
straight line the beam is perfectly rigid, but when it is wished to turn, the
head can be detached from the main part without the driver leaving his
position, and thus the guiding or steering of the implement is rendered
much more effective. I effect this by forming the head portion of the plough
so as to work after the manner of a swivel in the other portion, and by means
of a catch which throws it in and out of gear at the will of the ploughman.
The next part of my Invention relates to the method I have of setting the
plough to a proper depth, and at the same time regulating the line of draft.
To obtain these the head of the plough is formed so as to terminate in an
eye, upon this upright bearers which rest upon the axles of the wheels,
there slides a small square draft frame so as to move upwards and down-
wards; centrically in this frame is placed the eye head of the beam, the
regulating screw then passes through both the draft frame and the head of
the collar above both, hence by adjusting the screw the beam and .the draft
frame are at the same time raised or lowered, as may be wished. The
arrangements thus described, both with regard to the mode of forming the
beam so as to give a more perfect system of steering, and also the method
of adjusting the depth of the share and line of draft, I propose to apply to
all kinds of ploughs, scarifiers, and such like implements; and the latter

page_text: implements, wherever the same can be applied.
In order to shew the nature of my Invention, and how the same is con-
structed and acts, I have appended the accompanying Drawings, which
illustrate the general principles of my Invention and application of the
same to different machines.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1, 2, & 3 are respectively an elevation, an end view, and a plan
shewing the improvements applied to the head gear of the plough. The
beam is shewn as broken off just behind the steering or head gear portion,
no parts in the rear of the implement being shewn, the stilts, the share, the
coulter, and other parts being those of the ordinary plough.
a, a¹, the beam, the part a being that portion preceeding to and connected
with the rear end of the plough, the part a' that connected with the front or
steering portion of the plough; b, the head of the same; c, a collar fixed to
the portion a' of the beam; e, a spring catch turning on the head or joint c';
d, d', the frame of the steering portion of the plough; e, e¹, the sliding draft
frame; ff, the setting screws; g, the trace hooks; h, h, the wheels; and i,
the axle. When it is wished to steer the plough, as, for instance, to turn the
headlands, the ploughman pulls the wire %, which raises the catch e, as shewn
by the dotted lines, Figure I. This enables the portion a of the beam to turn
freely, in other words, breaks the rigidity of the beam, and enables the wheels
and front part to turn through a certain arc independent of the cutting part
of the plough, which is thrown down, and thus raises the share out of the
furrow, so that the whole is turned in a much smaller space, more quickly,
and without the ploughman leaving his position at the stilts. The end of the
beam is formed with an eye, and is placed below the upper and lower sides
of the draft frame e, e¹, the frame slides up and down on the upright d, d¹, the
set screw passes through both, and by elevating and depressing this screw
the beam, and with it the draft frame, may be raised and lowered.
Figure 4 shews an end view of the steering portion formed so as to be
applicable to drills, when the distance below the wheels may be increased or
diminished at pleasure by sliding the axle in and out.
Figures 6 & 7 are a front view and section of my steering gear and appa-
ratus applied to a drill; in this case only one wheel is used for the steering
portion. As I do not claim anything peculiar in the form of the drill separate
from the steering portion, that portion alone is shown. The head of the beamb
is formed with an eye and turns freely on the pin fwhich passes through the

page_text: draft piece e and the tie piece e¹, which holds the side frames d, d, of the
wheel together. This portion may all be cast in one piece. g is the trace
hook; m, m, is the tiller or steering lever held by the man to guide the
implement; n, n, an indicator to regulate the distance of the rows for the
drills.. It will be easily seen that the arrangements are almost similar to that
before described, and that the whole of the steering portion will turn round
the eye head of the beam, and of course in much smaller space than if the
wheel and frame and beam are of one piece or rigidity, connected with each
other, instead of turning upon the eye head, as it does by this arrangement.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and how the same is
formed and acts, I wish it understood that what I claim and desire secured
by the before in part recited Letters Patent,-
First, the mode of forming the beam of a plough, scarifier, drill, or
such like agricultural implement so that the front or steering portion may
act or turn when wished independent of the rear part or portion connected
with the cutting parts, and thrown out of action without disturbing the
steering portion by the arrangement and disposition of parts, substantially
as shewn on the various Figures of the Drawing.
Second, the arrangement and method of regulating the position of the
draft and the depth of the work in ploughs and such like agricultural
implements, as generally shewn in the Drawings, and more particularly
described in this Specification.
Third, the application of the adjusting apparatus last claimed to drills,
hoes, and such like implements, as shewn in the Figures of the Drawings.
Fourth, the application of the steering apparatus having an arrangement
of one wheel only to drills and such like implements generally, as shewn
in Figures 5 & 6 of the Drawings and described in this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Lansley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-two.
JOHN LANSLEY. (L.S.)