CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS, AND ON THE METHODS IN USE, OR BURNERS FOR THE COMBUSTION OF GAS
Year: 1842

page_text: B
SPECI
IUN.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J, GOTTLIEB
BOCCIUS,, of New Road, Shepherds' Bush, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty-seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-two, in the fifth year of Her reign, did give and grant
unto me, the said Gottlieb Boccius, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Gottlieb Boccius, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others
as I, the said Gottlieb Boccius, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in the Islands of
Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Ifer Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
GAS, AND ON THE METHODS IN USE, OR BURNERS FOR THE COMBUSTION OF GAS;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said Gottlieb
Boccius, shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, .to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso I, the said
Gottlieb Buccius, do hereby declare the nature of any said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained by the following statenient, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexel, and to the figures and letters marked thereon:-
My Invention in respect of the improvements in the combustion of gas as
adapted to the purposes of illumination consists in applying above the surfaco
or jet boles of the burners two or more concentric chimnies or cylinders in
addition to and within the usual chimney of glass, according to the arrange-
ment and position of parts or combination of apparatus shewn in Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, Sheet 1, and in Figures 7, 8, Sheet 2, of the Drawings. The same
letters refer to similar parts in each Figure.
Figure 1 is an elevation, part in section, of a complete single ring burner of
one inch diameter; Figures 2, 3, 4, exhibit a complete single ring burner
of two inches and a quarter diameter, in plan, elevation, and section; Figures 5
and 6 shew, in plan and elevation, a double concentric ring burner two
inches and a half diameter; and Figures 7 and 8, a treble concentric ring
burner of seven inches diameter; so far as regards the arrangement of the
rings and the introduction of the gas to them, the diameter hore spoken of being
the diameter of the circle passing through the centres of the holes or orifices
in the ring, The internal concentric chimnies or cylinders are marked by the
letters o, c, d, d, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, surrounded by the glass chimney e, e. The
internal chimmies are connected together and kept at the proper distance frome
each other by rivets or other convenient means. They rest upon the supports
ff, and the glass chimney upon the supports 9.g. Tho chimulos for burners
having two, three, or more rings combined aro similarly applied and supported.
The material which I employ for the body of the burners is iron, brass, copper,
or other suitable metal, but for the upper surface, through which the jet holes
are pierced, I use thin German silvar soldered into it; I prefer the latter
metal for the perforated surface of the ring, and have found it very proper for
tho purpose, and very durablo on account of the high temperature required for
its fusion. I generally form the central chimney c of thin sheet iron, as a
cheap and durable material, but glass, or any other motal or substance,
whother transparent or opaque, capable of withstanding the heat, will ariswor
the end. The same remarks apply to.the matorial of the chimney d. Whon
metallic contral chimnics are used it is not necessary that the whole of the
external chimney should bo of glass. In burners of a large size it may bo
more economical to have a glass rising above the ring only to the height of the
lower edge of the internal chimnics. In such cases the upper part of the

page_text: external chimney may be of metal, and be connected with the two internal
chimnies, and in situations where my Invention can be placed within a glass
lanthorn, as in the streets; the glass chimney may, without any material loss
of effect, bo altogether dispensed with, leaving the three concentric chimnies
just described suspended above the ring. With respect to the dimensions of
the chimnies, I have found that in single ring burners the diamoter of the
innerniost chimney should not be much greater or less than the diameter of
the burner, as above defined, and that the diameter of the second chimney
should not be much greater or less than the external diameter of the ring of
the burner, when the ring. is of the proportions shewn in the Drawing; and I
make the space between the exterior glass chimney'e and the chimney & equal.
to the space between d and c, but this chimney should be enlarged at its lower
end, as shown in the Drawings. The height of the chimnics c and d is well
proportioned when equal to double the diameter of d. The distanco at which
these chimnies are fixed above the surface of the jet holes may be greater in
small than in large burners. I have found the lamps act perfectly well when
this distance is equal to the diameter of the flame at the orifice of the holes,
as shewn in Fig. 4, but in small burners I have found that the length of. the
flame may be beneficially increased, and I have shewn the extreme length
which I recommend in the lamp represented in Figure 1. In burners con-
sisting of two or more rings, these dimensions have referenco to the diameter:
of the outermost or largest ring and flame. As a general rule, for the diameter
of the innermost chimney, and also for the length of flame, it must be such
that all the flames shall enter that chimney, which they will do if the chimney
be maile of the prescribed proportions. In constructing burners of two or
more concentric rings, I place the inner ring at a certain height above the
outer one, or that next to it, as shewn in the double and triple ring burners,
Figures 6 and 8. The object of this arrangement, which I consider to be:
a great improvement on burners of the same kind beretofore made, is to
provide for the greater equality of the height of the several cylinders of flame
in such burners; so that they shall torminate as exactly as possible' at one and
the shme level, and all enter the central chimney together. I find by this
arrangement that the economy or luminous effect arising from the combustion
of a given, quantity of gas is much increased, an efl'ect which I attribute in
great measure to the circumstance that nearly equal luminosity is obtained in
the flames from each ring, at equal heights above the surface of the greater or
external ring. I have found that the height of the surface of one of these!
concentric rings above another should be a little more tinn the depth of the
ring, as shewn in Figures 6 and 8. In order to provide for a moro equable

page_text: distribution of gas to these burners, the junction between the rings is so
arranged that the gas first enters the largest ring from the service pipe b,
through the pipes h, h, h, Figures 7 and 8, thence passes into the second ring
through the pipes i, i, i, and lastly into the innermost ring through the pipes
k, k, k. In order still further to equalize the height of the flames and to
produce an uniform luminosity in the several flames, I find it requisite to
make tho jet holes of the inner rings somewhat larger than those in the
outermost ring.
A similar arrangement is shewn in Figures 5 and 6, for the introduction
and distribution of the gas in the double ring burner. The perforations or jet
holes which I find to give the best results are very small in a burner of one
inch diameter; I find it advisable to have from 60 to 65 very small holes, in
order to pass about three cubic feet of gas per hour, whereas the common
argand gas burner has usually from 12 to 15 holes of a larger bore, to give
equal light when consuming a much larger quantity of gas. With respect to
the number of the perforations for the escape of the gas in the larger burners,
I drill the holes at a distance from each other of about one-twentieth of an
inch. As a general rule for the combustion of gas according to my improve-
ments, it is necessary to observe that the quantity of gas supplied, or height of
the flame, should be such that its top is just received within the lower edge of
the innermost central chimney; when this is the case, the combustion will be
found very perfect, and the light brilliantly white, no carbon will be deposited
within any of the chimnies, and the light will be perfectly steady, the lower
edge of the central chimmies defining the upper part of the light, so that the
jagged or irregular edges and flickering, so unpleasant to the eye in common
gas burners, does not exist, and the light appears of a permanent form as a
turncated section of a luminous conc. Although I have stated the nature of
the materials with which I prefer to construct the several parts of the burners
and chimmies, as well as the proportions of the several parts thereof, I do not
mean to confine myself to the use of these particular materials and proportions.
1 do not mean to assert that these materials and proportions of parts may not be
varied; but being desirous of giving all the information in my power, 1 havo
assigned such rules and directions for the construction, arrangement, and
management of the parts and apparatus as will, according to my experience, be
highly advantageous in the combustion of gas; and although a circular form of
flame alone has been mentioned and represented, the same improvements in
the combustion of gas will be attained if a form of flame bounded by straight
lines or other form than circular be employed, provided a corresponding change
be malo in the form of the chimnies and apparatus.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be and may be performed, I wish it to be understood that I lay
no claim to the exclusive use of any of the parts or apparatus above described,
except so far as they are used in connection with or furtherance of my said
Invention, which I declare to consist in the particular combination, position,
and arrangement of the several parts or apparatus herein-before described for
the combustion of gas.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gottlieb Boccius, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
GOTTLIEB (L.S.) BOCCIUS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-seventh day of
July, in the year above-mentioned, the aforesaid Gottlieb Boccius came beforo
our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Twenty-seventh day of July in the vas above.

page_text: En the Matter of Letters Patent granted to Gottlieb Boccius the
Twenty-seventh day of January, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-two.
DISCLAIMER entered by the said Gottlieb Boccius with the Clerk of the
Patents of England, pursuant to the Statute passed in the Session of
Parliament held in the fifth and sixth years of the reign of His late
Majesty King William the Fourth, intitled "An Act to amend the Law
touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GOTTLIED
Boccius, of the New. Road, Shepherds Bush, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the sail Gottlieb Boccius, did obtain IIer Majesty's Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty-seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-two, for a certain Invention therein described.as
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS, AND ON THE METHODS IN USE OF BURNERS FOR
THE COMBUSTION OF GAS;" And whereas I, the said Gottlieb Boccius, have, since
the date of the said Letters Patent, been advised that part of the said Inven-
tion so described as aforesaid is not new and useful: And whereas I, the said
Gottlieb Boccius, am desirous, for the reasons aforesaid, to enter a Disclaimer
of part of the said title of the said Invention, and have obtained leave of Her
Majesty's Attorney-General, certified by his fiat and signature according to
the form of the Statute in such cases made and provided:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gottlieb Boccius, do hereby disclaim the
following part of the title of my said Invention, that is to say, I disclaim the
words "IN GAS, AND ON THE METHODS IN USE OR BURNERS," so that the title of my
Invention, the said words being so disclaimed as aforesaid, will be as follows:-
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE COMBUSTION OF GAS."
In witness whereof, I, the said Gottlieb Boccius, have hereunto set my
hand this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
GOTTLIEB BOCCIUS.

page_text: To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify that the above-named Gottlieb Boccius has applied to me
for leave to enter with you the above written Disclaimer of part of the title of
a certain Invention for which Letters Patent were duly granted to him under
the Great Seal of Great Britain, and dated at Westminster, the Twenty-seventh
day of January, One thousand eight hundred and forty-two; and having con-
sidered of the said application, and no objection having been made to the
samic, I have accordingly granted leave to the said Gottlieb Boccius to filo his
said Disclaimer pursuant to the Statute passed in the fifth and sixth years of
the reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, entitled "An Act to
amend the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
Temple, July 28th, 1842.
FRED. POLLOCK.