Year: 1888

page_text: I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention, which has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Edward Jones Mallett of New York City,
County and State of New York, USA and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
-
This Invention is an improvement upon the system of automatic telegraphy set
forth in my Letters Patent No 7329 of June 1st 1886
In my said Letters Patent is described a system of automatic telegraphy involving,
among other things, an automatic transmitter containing stopping mechanism together
with releasing devices brought into action by the operation of the stopping mechanism
and automatically operating when thus brought into action to release the transmitter
from the control of the stopping mechanism The stopping mechanism is controlled
by a fillet or card having the code signals or indications thereon in transverse lines,
and the car or holder for said card is intermittently fed, in the interval between the
use of any two successive transverse lines on the card
My present invention, so far as concerns the transmitting instrumentalities, is
directed to simplifying and rendering more efficient the means for automatically
stopping and starting the transmitter, and for effecting or controlling the feed of
the car or holder which contains the prepared card
The feed of the car is controlled by a polarized escapement included in the stopping
circuit, that is to say, the circuit in which are the trailer arm, its co-operating sun-
flower disc, and the transmitting keys or needles that are operated by the prepared
card-which escapement permits the car to feed a distance of one tooth on the com-
pletion of one complete movement of the trailer arm, and while the latter is passing
over the interval segment, or " car segment" as it may be termed, on the sunflower
disc
The transmitter is stopped by a stopping magnet included in the stopping circuit,
which, when energized, attracts its armature and thus breaks contacts controlled by
said armature and included in the circuit of an automatic pole changer which throws
reversals upon, or causes reversals in, the circuit which includes the polarized magnet

page_text: for controlling the escapement of the transmitter
The effect of this action is to stop
the transmitter In order to automatically release it from the control of the stopping
mechanism, I provide for short circuiting the stopping magnet, by forming normally
open shunt around said magnet, the contacts of which shunt are controlled by the
armature of an electro magnot-termed by me the starting magnet-included in 5
high resistance cucuit in derivation to that of the automatic pole changer Thus
when the circuit through the automatic pole changer is broken, sufficient current will
be diverted to, and piss over, the derived circuit to energize the starting in ignet-the
result of which will be to close the shunt around the stopping magnet, and the litter
being thus cut-out, or short circuited, loses its energy and permits its armature to
reclose the automatic-pole-changer circuit
As concerns the receiving instrument-the instrument which receives and repro-
duces the messige sent over the line by the transmitter-I have had it mainly in view
to automatically maintain this instrument in unison with the transmitter To this end
I combine with the escapement circuit of the receiver, for the purpose of controlling
the polarized escapement included therein, devices which are brought into action by
the receiver alone and which act at regular inter ils to divert the current from the
electro-magnet of said escapement, together with other devices responding only to
impulses sent from the transmitting station it corresponding intervals, which by their
operation prevent the diversion of current Whenever and so long as the two
instruments, the receiver and the transmitter, are in unison, the two sets of devices
Just referred to are in unison also, and operate synchronously with the effect of
neutralizing each others' action in the sense that the circuit through the escapement
magnet remains unbroken But whenever the two instruments happen to gut out of
unison then the two sets of devices operate, not synchronously and simultaneously, but
successively, with the result that the devices ictunted from or by the receiver only,
divert the current from the escapement magnet, thus bringing the receiver to rest at
the unison point, in which condition of rest it will remain until the transmitter (which
still continues in action) comes around to the corresponding point At this time, the
devices controlled by the transmitter will act to neutralize the action of those con-
tiolled by the receiver, with the effect of restoring the circuit through the receiving
escapement magnet, the result being that the receiver will again start in unison with
the transmitter
The foregoing are the more prominent features of my present improvements
Modifications and minor features of the same will appear in the course of the detailed
description of the invention which will now be given, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings in which—
Figure 1 15 general view of the devices, with a diagram of the circuit connections,
at the transmitting station
Figure 2 is a like view of the devices and circuit connections used at the receiving
station
The remaining Figures represent modifications and details hereinafter referred to
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, it will be noted that the instruments at the transmitting
and receiving station are the same, and that the only difference is in the circuits
This is because each instrument is adapted to be used as a receiver or transmitter
interchangeably To which use it shall be put is determined by the switch located
at the top of each Figure next to "Battery Terminals" and shown in detail in
Figures 5 and 6
This switch consists of a board or block of insulating material provided with three
parallel rows of contact pins each of which has its independent mercury contact cup in
a base to which the block is pivoted on an is passing through the middle row of
contacts By tilting the block so as to immerse one outer row of contact pins into
their cups, circuit connections will be made to ulapt the instrument for a transmitter,
by tilting it in the other direction so as to dip the opposite outer row of contact pins
into their cups, the instrument will be connected up as receiver
Thus in Figure 1 the switch is tilted to immerse the "sending" row of contact
pins, while in Figure 2, the "receiving row of contact pins is immersed
""

page_text: TRANSMITTING INSTRUMENTALITIES AND CIRCUITS
Referring now to Figure 1, the stationary sunflower or segment disc is shown at c
It has as many segments (cach insulated from the other) as there are keys or pivoted
needles p. Each needle has its own individual mercury cup pland is provided with a pro-
jection which dips permanently therein (is seen in Figure 3), and it is also (as seen in the
same Figure) provided with another projection which dips into the mercury trough p³
(common to all the needles) only when the needle is tilted by its appropriate emboss-
ment on the prepared card (which is shown on the car in Figure 3) Each individu il
mercury cup 18 connected to its own segment on the sunflower disc c T'he
connecting "cable" between these parts is shown in Figure 1
In addition to the segments which are connected to the mercury cups of the needles,
the sunflower disc c is provided also with the unconnected interval or cal segment c³
During the passage of the trailer arm b over this last named segment the feed of the
card holder or car takes place
The trulei arm b is attached to and revolves with the shaft a driven by friction
gearing from any suitable motor ( small electric motor for example) ind is governed
in its movement by polarized escapement The scape fork g of this escapement is
attiched to or forms part of a polarized armature, the controlling magnet of which is
shown at This magnet in the present instance consists of three cores mounted upon
common yoke und surrounded each by its own spool The irinature is pivoted on the
core of the middle magnet k¹ and is inductively magnetized thereby The scape fork
engiges scape wheels on the shaft a
Any suitable automatic pole changer can be employed to cause reversals in the
circuit which includes the magnet & That which is shown consists of three spool
miguet d, d², similar to k, k¹, having centrally affixed to its inductively magnetized
armature e, tongue provided with contactf playing between two spring cont ict
strips h, k, fixed to some suitable part of the instrument beyond the contact fis
stationary contact placed between the same spring strip contacts h, h¹
The car A for the prepared card is omitted from Figure 1 but is shown in Figures 3
and 4 Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical central section of the car and its support,
Figure 4 is a transverse vertical section in the plane of the car escapement mignot
The car is supported to slide in guides on a suitable base, and is actuited to move by
gravity or other suitable me ins-in this instance by weight and cord B¹ It's
movement is controlled by an escapement consisting in the present instance of i stipe
fork C which in its vibration engages first one and then the other of scape tooth
racks D on the underside of the car The scape fork is on a magnetized irmature
pivoted to the centre core of a three spool magnet E, E¹
The energizing of this magnet and consequent vibration of its armature is governed
by a non-conducting disc H fixed to and revolving with a shaft G, ind provided
with a conducting segment I, and two stationary contact arms F, F₁ which re
insulated one from the other and are placed in contact with the disc at diainetrically
opposite points
The disc H, for reasons hereinafter stated revolves at half the speed of the trailer
arm b, and the relations of the two are such that when 6 after one revolution has
reached the " car segment" c³, the disc will have brought its conducting segment 1
into contact with arm F, and when 6 after the next succeeding revolution has again
reached segment c³, the disc H by another half revolution will have brought its
segment I into contact with F-and so on The disc H can readily be thus speeded from
the shaft a which has a pinion of twelve teeth gearing with a spur wheel of twenty four
teeth on shaft g
The circuit connections of the parts thus far described are as follows -the numerals
indicating binding posts
The stopping circuit has X as its battery and is as follows
From one pole of battery X to 3, 3 to 13, 13 to 21, 21 to 90, and thence to
18
1
nel to th

page_text: respective needle segments on the sunflower disc c by individual connections through
the "cable," from trailer arm 6 through the conducting frame of the instrument to
binding screw 74 74 to 45, and thence through the coil of stopping magnet L to 46,
46 to 22, 22 to 14, 14 to 4, and thence to other pole of battery X
The magnet of the car escapement has its two outer spools E doubly and oppositely 5
wound so that a current if passed through one winding will impart to the magnet a
polarity opposite to that which it would impart if passed through the other winding
The centre electro-magnet E¹ is preferably excited in the manner hereinafter indicated
The car escapement circuit is in derivation to that in which the trailer 6 is included and
is as follows
From 21 to 92, by way of car switch (left open only when it is desired to cut out
the cir escapement) and 93 to 85, from 85 through one of the windings of the car
escapement magnet E, to the contact arm Fud 84 and 80, from 85 to 87, and thence
through the other winding of magnet E and to the other contact arm F¹, ud 86 and 81,
thence from conducting segment I on disc H, through the conducting base or frame of
the instrument (which is in electrical connection with sud segment) to 74 and thence
back to 22, the stopping circuit already traced
Under this arrangement whenever the trailer bis on the interval or car" segment c
one and the other of the arms F, F1, alternately will be on the conducting segment I of
disc H Thus the car escapement circuit, as the trailer b contacts with its interval
segment c³, will be completed through alternately opposite windings of the
escapement mignet, with the result of imparting the proper intermittent feed to
the car
Y is the battery of the "automatic" circuit, which includes in this instance both the
automatic pole changer and the magnet of the transmitter escapement The connections
are as follows
From one pole of battery to 1, to 11, to 19, to 35, to the moveable tongue and contact f
of the automatic pole change, from the other pole of the battery to 2, to 12, to 20,
to 36, to the stationary contact of the automatic pole changer, from one of the pole
changing sp contact strips-for instance h-to 37, to 47, through the contacts
(normally closed) controlled by the armature of the stopping magnet L, to 48, to 72,
through the coils of the escapement magnet k, to 73, to 41, through the coils of the
magnet d of the automatic pole changer, to 42, to 38, and thence back to the other
spring contact strip /¹
It will be noted that the escapement magnet k in this arrangement is in series with
the magnet d of the automatic pole changer With respect to the automatic pole
changer itself it will be observed that it is characterized by the fact that the electro-
magnet d, which controls by an induced magnetic armature the contact points through
which reversals are sent, is in the same circuit with said contact points The contact
strips h, h¹ normally press towards the contacts f and t, and each is alternately
separated from the fixed contact 2 by the contact tongue f which plays between
them The arrangement of contacts and the winding of the pole changer magnet are
such that the direction in which the current flows when the tongue f vibrates to one
side will impart such polarity to magnet d as to cause its armature to vibiate in the
opposite direction and thus to move the tongue f to the other side
૧
Consequently a rapid sequence of reversals will be thrown over the automatic circuit
so long as the contacts controlled by the armature of stopping magnet L remain closed
But whenever the stopping circuit is closed, whether by the action of a needle p, or by
the iction of the disc H with its conducting segment I in conjunction with either one
of the contact aims F, F1, the stopping magnet L will be energized and will attract its
armature, consequently breaking the automatic circuit and bringing the instruments
therein to a stand still
Thus whenever the stopping circuit is closed, this closure will effect the stoppage
of the automatic pole changer and of the devices for controlling the transmitting
escapement
With reference to the polarized escapements and the automatic pole changer, it is
desirable to regulate the strength of the field of the magnets to a nicety with a view

page_text: to obtaining in instrument which small it at times be sensitive and quickly responsive,
notwithstanding variations in current strength I have found that the speed of
vibration of the automatically vibrating polarized armature is directly proportionate to
the quantity of current which passes through the contacts of the armature and inversely
proportionate to the quantity of current which acts with permanent induction on the
armature If therefore there be a division of the current supplying the magnet so that a
part shall pass through the contacts and a part shall act with permanent induction upon the
armature the relations between these two divisions of the current will be maintained, and
the rate of vibration of the armature will be uniform notwithstanding variations in
current, because these variations affect proportionately each division of the current
This division of current can conveniently be obtained by the use in connection with
those coils which are in the main automatic circuit, of a coil included in a permanently
closed derived circuit thereto and acting with permanent induction upon the armature
This high resistance derived circuit, or "field" circuit as it may be called, in the
present instance is as follows
From one pole of battery Y to 1, through a resistance of say 200 ohms to 88, through
the centre spool E¹ of the car escapement to 89, to 70, through the centre spool k¹ of
the transmitter escapement to 71, to 39, through the centre spool d' of the automatic
pole changer, to 40, to 2, to the other pole of battery Y
The resistance of the
spools E, k, d, is say 40 ohms each, while the resistance of each of the spools of
the polarized escapements and pole changer included in the main automatic circuit
1s say 2 ohms each
With the stoppage of the automatic pole changer occurs also that of the pole
changer P (operated from the armature of the polarized transmitter escapement and
having pole changing contacts similar to those of the automatic pole changer)
employed to send reversals over the main line to the receiving station for the purpose
of operating the instruments there The line battery is indicated at V and the circuit
connections are as follows
From one pole of battery V, to 7, to 68, to the stationary intermediate contact of
pole changer P, from the other pole of battery V, to 8, to 69, to the tongue or
movable contact of pole changer P, from one of the spring-contact strips of this pole
changer to 67, to 26, to 18, to 10 to ground, and from the other of said contact strips
to 66, to 25, to 17, to 9, and to line
I have now indicated the manner in which the transmitter is stopped Manifestly,
in order to render it automatic, means must be provided for automatically re-starting
it This result I obtain by the employment of a starting magnet brought into action
by the operation of the stopping mechanism, and automatically operating when thus
brought into action to release the transmitter from the control of the stopping
mechanism
"
"
In Figure 1, M is the starting magnet included in a high resistance "starting"
circuit in derivation to the circuit of the automatic pole changer and controlling
(normally open) contacts in a low resistance shunt in the stopping circuit around the
stopping magnet L The high resist ince derived " starting Circuit is from one
contact strip of the automatic pole changer to 37 through 100 ohms resistance
to 49, through the starting magnet M, to 50, to 38 back to the other contact strip h¹
The low-resistance shunt around the stopping magnet is from 46 to 52, through the
normally open contacts controlled by the starting magnet, to 51, to 45
The resistance interposed in the starting-circuit is 100 ohms while the resistance of
the starting magnet itself is say 75 ohms-the object of which is that there shall not
be sufficient current on the starting circuit to energize the starting magnet so long as
the circuit through the magnet of the automatic pole changer is complete But
whenever the circuit therethrough is broken by the action of the stopping magnet L,
then sufficient current will pass over the starting circuit to energize starting magnet M
Under these conditions the latter will attract its armature, thus closing the shunt
around the stopping magnet L, which will thus lose its energy and release its
armature, the automatic circuit will consequently be restored and the transmitter will
re-start
As soon is the automatic circuit is completed, the starting magnet is cut

page_text: out by the high resistance in the starting circuit, and consequently the shunt around
the stopping magnet is restored to its normally open condition
In lieu of having the polarized transmitter escapement in the sume circuit with the
automatic pole changer, it may be in a separate circuit
Such modification is
shown in diagram Figure 10, from which I hive omitted ill circuits other than those
of the two instruments just named The automatic polc changer controls two sets of
contacts m m³, n, n', in the dynamo circuit of the escapement magnet k, -the
movable contacts m, n, of these sets being actuated from the vibrating armature of
the pole changer For convenienco s the I have shown two dynamos Z, the one positive
the other negative
One pole of the positive dynamo is connected to fixed contact m³, and one pole of
the negative dynamio is connected to the other fixed contact n¹ From the common
connection of the two movable contacts m, n, extends wire m² to and though
magnet and thence back to the dynamos where it banchus one branch going to the
other pole of the positive dynamo ind the other branch going to the other pole of the
negative dynamo The automatic circuit which includes the automatic pole changer is
the same as in Figure 1 Lis the stopping magnet
In Figure 11, I have illustrated diagrammatically the application of the starting
magnet to system in which the polarized transmitter escapement is actuated by in
alternating current-which may be produced by an alternating current dynamo O in
a circuit with the escapement mignet A, the circuit continuing from this magnet
to the truler b, sunflower disc c, needles and anvils or cups p, p, back to the other
pole of the dyn uno In this modification the needles are supposed to be normally in
contact with their anvils In a branch o of the cucuit ire included normally open
contacts controlled by the armature of stuiting magnet M, which litter is included
in the circuit S¹ of pole changer S which vibrates with the escapement mignot
umature g and for convenience she is represented is attached to sud armituro
So
long as the escapement armature is in vibration revers ils piss over circuit S¹ and
consequently mignet M remains incrt So 500n however as the circuit is broken by
the lifting of that one of the keys whose segment on the sunflower disc c¹ is met by
trailer 6 the escapement armature stops, thus bringing to rest pole chinger S, and
consequently sending prolonged impulse of one polarity througli starting inagnet M,
with the effect of causing the magnet to attract its arniture thereby closing the
shunt or branch o³ and restoring the circuit through the escapement magnet, which
again is in action
As soon as this takes place mignot M loses its energy and the
contacts in shunt o³ is again open
t
I have already noted that the instruments at the transmitting and receiving stitions
are the same, and that the main switch (illustrated in Figures 5 and 6) is used to adapt
their connections for either receiving or transmitting
In Figure 2 the switch has been tilted so as to connect the receiving pins, and to
disconnect the transmitting pins
Referring now to this Figure the shaft a, (as at the transmitting end) is driven by
some suitable motor-in this instance supposed to be a small electro motor This
shaft in Figure 2 (as also in Figure 1) has its right hand end broken off
But in
practice the type wheel is mounted on this end, together with the other custom iry
printing appurtenances of a telegraphic printing instrument An end view of this
portion of the instrument is given in Figure 7 In Figure 2 however I have
represented only the "press or press magnet in order to indicate its circuit connec-
tions In the instrument as connected up for a receiver the automatic pole changer,
the line pole changer, and the transmitting needles, car escapement, etc, are without
function and are cut out, while the segment c², which in the transmitter was uncon-
nected, in the receiver his an electrical connection and operates as a part of the
"

page_text: unison" mechanism, by which the receiver is kept in absolute and continuous accord
with the transmitter
The instrument contains, in addition to the mechanical instrumentalities already
described with reference to the transmitting organization, two contact arms 11,
insulated from the base of the instrument and from each other, and a non-conducting
disc r mounted on and revolving with the shaft a and provided with a conducting
segment with which the two arms ll make simultaneous contact as the disc revolves-
the object being to bring the two arms into electrical connection at stated intervals
The arrangement of parts is such that whenever the trailer 6 meets the segment c³,
the segment will meet the arms 1 1¹
"
""
The line at the receiving station passes through the coils of a polar relay J and
thence to ground tu 9, 17, 33, 61, 62, 34, 18, 10 In a branch of the main line
between 61 and 62 is included i magnet B which 1 term the unison magnet tho
circuit connections being is follows-61, 57, through the "unison" magnet, 58, 77,
through the segment c³, trulor arm b, base of instrument, 74, 62
The receiving
truler and its connected segment e normally meet each other, at the time the trans-
mitting trailer b meets its unconnected segment c³ When the transmitting trailer
does meet its segment c², reversals cease and a current of one polarity is on the line
for brief interval If the receiver be in unison with the transmitter, the receiving
trailer during this same period will contact with its connected segment, thus closing
the branch circuit of the "unison" magnet, and causing the latter to be energized by
the line curient
The escapement circuit of the receiver by which I intend the circuit which includes
the magnet of the polarized escapement is as follows
From centre branch tap wire of battery Y (which for use in this connection is
split battery) to 0, 1, 0, 53, through press relay" magnet hereinafter referred
to, 54, 72, through the coils of escapement magnet k, k, 73, 63 to the tongue y of
polar relay J, from one fixed contact of the relay 64 27, 11, 1 to -pole of bultery Y,
from the other fixed contact r¹ of the relay 65, 28, 12, 2, to the + pole of battery Y
Under this arrangement so long as the polarized relay is in vibration reversals will be
sent over the escapement circuit and the armature scape fork of the escapement will
be in continuous vibration The contact ums 1, 1, hereinbefore referred to, are in
shunt of the escapement circuit, us 27 60, through normally closed contacts con-
trolled by the armature of the unison magnet B, 59, 78, 1, segment 1, lª, 79, 28
Whenever the arms 1, 1, meet the segment 1 while the contacts controlled by the
unison magnet are closed, this shunt will be closed and the current will be diverted
from the escapement magnet with the result of bringing the escapement to a stand
still
The operation of the parts thus far described is as follows
-
In Figures 1 and 2 it is supposed that the receiver and transmitter are in unison
Consequently when the transmitting trailer 6 meets its unconnected segment c³, the
receiving trailer 6 incets its connected segment end the two arins ll meet their
conducting segment r¹ The result is that the magnet of the receiving escapement is
not shunted, because the branch line circuit of the unison magnet is completed through
the receiving trailer b and its segment c³, and the magnet, being thereby energized,
operates its armature to separate the contacts controlled by it in the shunt So long
as these conditions are maintained the parts may continue in operation indefinitely
But suppose one of the instruments has guned a little on the other, so that the
two are no longer in accord-assume for example that the transmitter has gained on
the receiver, so that the transmitting trailer 6 has passed its segment_c³, before the
receiving trailer reaches its segment c² In this event the polar icly J will be again
in normal vibration by the time the receiving trailer b contacts with its segment c³,
and the shunting arms 1 contact with their connecting segment, Consequently
the unison magnet B will not be energized, the shunt will be closed, and the current
will be diverted from the receiving magnet of the escapement, thus bringing the
receiver to a stand still, with the trailer 6 and segment of the receiver at unison
point This condition of affans will continue until the transmitting trailer 6 (which

page_text: is still in movement) travels far enough around to reach unison, or in other words to
reach its interval or unconnected segment c As soon as this takes place the polar
relay J makes a momentary pause, the unison magnet is energized, because its
circuit is completed through the receiving trailer and segment which were in contact
at the time the receiver was stopped, the shunt is thereby broken, the circuit is
completed through the receiving escapement magnet, and the two instruments again
start off in unison
Thus at each and every revolution, or complete sequence of movements, of the
receiver and transmitter, the two, if not in unison already, are brought into unison,
this operation taking place continuously and automatically so long as the instruments
are in action
Instead of shunting the current around the escapement magnet as in Figure 2, the
escapement circuit can be broken This modification is illustrated diagrammatically
in Figure 12
In this Figure I dispense with the disc and arm or fingers, and in lieu
thereof I employ a trailer attached to and revolving with shaft a around and in
contact with a solid stationary metal conducting disc ³, supported on an insulated
base, and having on it a non-conducting segment corresponding in location to the
segment on disc e-that is to say when truler meets c³, trailer will ineet,³
The circuit connections are as follows -From one pole of battery Y to the tongue
of polar relay J, from the contacts, ¹ of the relay by branches 5, 6, through the
respective coils of the differentially wound receiving escapement inagnet k, k the
branches uniting beyond the magnet and leading by wire 7 to conducting disc?"
and from trailer by wire 8 back to the other pole of battery, from wire 7, leads
a branch wire 9 through normally open contacts controlled by unison magnet B to
wire 8, from contact leads another branch wire 10 through the unison magnet B,
to segment c³, and from trailer 6 leads a wire 10 to wue it a point beyond the
contacts controlled by the unison magnet
Under this arrangement, so long as the receiver is in unison with the transmitter,
the escapement circuit, during the intervals between the unison pause of the relay J
(which takes place once during each revolution of the transmitter), will be from
battery through one or the other contacts of the relay and their respective branches,
through alternately opposite windings of magnet †, the disc ³, trailer P, back to
battery
"
"
Whenever the transmitter reaches its interval or '
car segment, the receiving
trailer 6 will be on its segment c³, and trailer will be on non-conducting seginent,
Under these conditions, were it not for the "unison" magnet, the escapement circuit
would be interrupted and the receiver would stop But at this moment the branch
circuit through the " unison magnet is completed, and that magnet consequently
is energized, attracts its armature, and brings together the contacts controlled by it,
thus completing a branch escapement circuit through those contacts But if the
receiver and transmitter be not in unison, then magnet B will not be energized at
the time the receiving trailer 6 meets its segment c³, consequently the branch escape-
ment circuit will remain open, and as at this time the circuit through disc and
trailer is also interrupted, no current can pass through the escapement magnet, and
the receiver is brought to rest to so remain until it again comes in unison with the
transmitter
2
In Figure 13 still another variation is indicated. In this modification segment c³,
trailer b, and unison magnet B are used to break the escapement circuit, and the
fingers, the non-conducting disc with its conducting segment r', and the same
magnet B, are employed to neutralize the action of the first above mentioned instru-
mentalities Under this arrangement the "unison" magnet is differentially wound,
that is to say it has two independent windings, the one in opposition to the other
The circuit connections are as follows
From one pole of battery Y to the contacts, ¹, of the polar relay, and thence
by branch wires through the two coils of the differentially wound escapement
magnet the branches uniting beyond the magnet and passing back to battery

page_text: through normally closed contacts controlled by the unison magnet B This is the
escapement circuit proper From contact (the contact which the tongue of the
relay meets when the unison pause occurs) extends a branch through one winding
the unison magnet B and thence through fingers 1, 1¹ and segment, back to battery
One pole of an auxiliary battery Y' is connected with trailer arm b, this circuit being
thence through segment c³, through the other winding of unison magnet B, back to
the other pole of battery Y¹ The auxiliary battery is shown simply to avoid
obscuring the diagram The circuit last traced might just as well be from battery Y
The operation is as follows
-
So long as the receiver and transmitter are in unison, the two circuits which include
the respective windings of the unison magnet, will be closed, the windings will
neutralize each other, and consequently the unison magnet will be inort, and the
oscapement circuit will remain intact But if the two instruments are not in unison,
then the branch circuit through one winding and the tuler band segment c³ will
not be closed during the unison pluse, the circuit of battery Y' alone will be closed,
and current will pass through only one winding of magnet B, the latter therefore
will be energized, thus interrupting the escapement circuit, and stopping the receiver
until it again is brought into accord with the transmitter
Recurring now to Figure 2, it remains to trace one circuit the press, or printing
magnet, circuit,-which is there shown in order to fully represent the receiving
circuits as they in practice are at the receiving station
Z is the press bittery The circuit is from one pole of battery, 5, 13, 29, 55,
through normally open contacts controlled by the "press relay" (which is in the
escapement circuit), 56, 82, through coils of press magnet" 83, 30, 14, 6, back to
other pole of bittery Whenever the escapement stops, sufficient current of one
polarity passes through the "press relty" to energize it thus closing the pres circuit
and energizing the press magnet
The automatic transmitting and receiving-system which I have hereinbefore
described in illustration of niy invention is one contemplating the use of a single type
wheel at the receiving station
Inasmuch however, as more rapid transmission and reception may be demanded
than can be effected by the employment of a single type wheel, I have illustrated, in
Figure 14, a system contemplating the employment in the receiving instrument of
two type wheels, two press pallets, one for each wheel, and two independent press
magnets, one for each pallet the condition of the line, at the time reversals therein
cease, determining which magnet shall be energized, and consequently which type
wheel shall be printed from
The instrumentalities and general system of circuits at the transmitting end remain
substantially the same as hereinbefore described To them I superadd an electro-
magnetic device for breaking or altering the main line when reversals cease, the
electro magnet of which is included in the stopping circuit and is energized or not
according to the position of the transmitting devices at the time reversals are
interrupted in the said stopping circuit
In the diagram Figure 14, I have for convenience sake represented the trans-
mitting devices as keys They may be, and are in practice, needles, such as
herein before described, actuated by an embossed and intermittently fed card I omit
the car escapement circuit from the diagram
The automatic circuit-e the circuit of the automatic pole changer d, d, and the
transmitter escapement k, k, is the same as already described, so also is the main
line, the pole changer P which send reversals over the line being represented, for
convenience of illustration as forming part of the scape fork, while the line battery is
split having its poles connected to the respective stationary contacts of the line pole
changer, and its middle electrodes connected to ground
The stopping circuit contains the magnet L for interrupting reversals on the
automatic circuit, and is in other respects also the same in general way as already
described, with the additions about to be indicated
Included in the stopping circuit is a neutral magnet s³ controlling normally closed
R

page_text: contacts y³ in the line When the reversals on the stopping circuit cease this magnet,
unless it be shunted or cut out, will be energized and will act to break the mun line
Thus when the stopping circuit is closed the main line will be opened or closed
according as the magnets is at that time cut out or not
An arrangement by which the action of the magnet can be thus controlled
is represented in the diagram
The keys (or needles) which typify the characters are arranged in two rows, in
each row all of the keys are electrically connected (see Figure 14ª) The stationary
contacts for these keys are, like the keys, in two rows, but, unlike the keys, in each
row each contact is insulated from the other, while each contact in one row 15
electrically connected to the corresponding contact in the opposite row-there being
virtually eleven twin contacts, insulated one from the other, each large enough to
operate in connection with two adjacent keys of opposite rows (see Figure 14°)
The sunflower disce may have a corresponding number of needle or key segments
each segment connected to its separate twin contact
66
as
Or the sunflower disc may have two complete sets of needle or key segments
upon it (the sets separated from one another by interval or car segments
herein before provided) thus allowing the trailer to pass through two complete
sequences of the code or alphabet at each revolution This can be done without
materially increasing the diameter of the sunflower disc because each segment
represents two letters or code characters
The circuit connections of the stopping circuit are as follows
From one pole of the stopping battery through stopping magnet L to the common
electrical connection of the right hand row of keys, a branch wire starting from
between the stopping magnet and the right hand row of keys, leads through
magnet to the left hand row of keys, from the keyboard the circuit continues by
way of the eleven stationary insulated twin contacts to the sunflower disc c each twin
contact having its individual connection with its appropriate segment, then through
trailer arm 6 back to the other pole of battery
The result of this arrangement is that if any key (or needle) in the right hand row
18 brought into electrical connection with its contact, the automatic circuit will be
interrupted with the line unbroken, but if any key in the left hand row be electrically
connected to its contact then the line will be broken when the automatic circuit is
interrupted
It will be noted, by reference to the "keyboard" that alternate letters of the
alphabet are in opposite rows of keys, and that the number of letter keys is reduced to
twenty, this being occasioned by the use of compromise letters ƒ (for either e or f),
(for either or 7), 9 (for either o or 9), (for either vor y), is always used for z,
and is always printed k s In this way there are but eleven keys (ten letter keys;
and one " 'space' key) in each row The two type wheels of the receiving instrument
should be correspondingly made
I have herein before remarked with reference to this modified transmitting system,
that the sunflower disc may, without inconvenience, contain two complete sets of code
or alphabet segments, each occupying about a half circle, and separated from each
other by interval or car segments When the disc is thus made, I may dispense
with the extra "
"
car segment disc, and its trailer (Figure 1), and can in lieu thereof
use the transmitting trailer b and disc c themselves thus making them serve a double
purpose This modification is illustrated in Figure 14, in which I have represented,
instead of keys, the needles p and their anvils or cups The sunflower disc is supposed
to have two complete sets of code or needle segments separated from one another by
two diametrically opposite interval or "car" segments c All of the needles have
a common electrical connection with one pole of the battery Their contacts are
electrically coupled in pairs, and each pair is connected to its own segment on the
sunflower disc c, the circuit thence continues through trailer b back to battery In
derived circuit to the needles and their segments, is included the doubly and oppositely,
or differentially, wound car escapement magnet E, E, the two branches of this derived
circuit which pass therethrough being electrically connected to the respective

page_text: segments Thus at each half revolution of the truler 6 the circuit will be completed
through one and the other alternately of the windings of the car escapement magnet
with the effect of imparting the requisite intermittent feed to the car
Recurring now to Figure 14, it will be observed that when the stopping circuit is
closed, the line will be opened or closed according to which row of keys is used to
complete the stopping circuit
This feature I avail of at the receiving station in the following way
I omit from the receiver the representation of all local circuits, save the printing or
press circuit
The main line enters the receiving station, passes through the magnet of the polar
relay J and of a neutral relay J¹ and thence to ground
The armature tongue of the neutral relay J¹ is spring retracted and meets one or
the other of the stationary contacts A³, A³, said tongue, so long as reversals are on
the line, resting against the back contact A B, B are two press magnets affixed
to a common yoke to which is also affixed the naked central or intermediate core B"
common to the two magnets C³, ("are typical of the two independent press pillets or
levers of the printing instrument Each pallet operates in connection with its own
magnet only The details of organization of the printer of which these pallets form
part will be described further on The two press magnets B2, B3, are included in
press circuit. which, starting from battery Z, branches as it reaches the press magnets,
one branch passing through magnet B, and thence to front contact A³, the other
branch passing through the other magret B³ to back contact A³, thence the circuit
continues through the tongue of magnet J' back to battery Z
Under this arrangement, when reversals cease with the main line closed magnet, J₁
will be energized and by attracting its armature will close the press circuit through
the front contact A³, thus energizing press magnet B³ and consequently causing its
pallet to operate On the other hand when reversals cease with the line open, the
printing circuit will be through the back contact A³ and press magnet B³
-
Obviously neither one of the press magnets should be in circuit while reversals are
on the line
that is to say, the press circuit should not be closed except when
printing is to be Jone To this end I interpose in the press circuit normally open
contacts, controlled by a neutral electro magnet D' in a branch circuit from bittery Z
in which are included also the contacts of a polarized relay E2 (represented for con-
venience of illustration as attached to the tongue of the polarized relay J), by means
of which reversals are sent through the neutral magnet D³ so long as reversals are on
the line Under these conditions mignet D2 is inert, and the press circuit is open
at o³ As soon however as reversals cease on the line, the polarized relay J comes to
rest and over the branch circuit from battery Z a current of one polarity is sent
through magnet D², sufficient to energize it, causing it to bring together the contacts v³
and thus to close the press circuit
In Figures 8 and 9 I have shown so much of a two type-wheel printing instrument
as needed to explain its use in connection with the system illustrated in Figure 14
Figure 8 18 a front view of the type wheels together with the devices oper iting in
connection therewith-the pallets being in section Figure 9 is a front view of the
two press magnets and their pallets
The two type wheels A, A', are mounted on the escapement shaft a and are
fastened together so that they will move together at all times They are capable of
sliding lengthwise on shaft a, but are compelled to follow its step by step rotary
movement, by pins a which extends from their hub through, and slide in, guide holes
in collars 6 fast on shaft a
The two pallets C³, C, are hung is the same way as is the single pallet shown in
Figure 7 pivotted at the point (Figure 7) to the frame of the machine with their
inner ends under their respective type wheels, and their outer or armature ends over
their respective electro-magnets B2 B3 The same mechanism for shifting the type
wheels is provided for each pallet, therefore a description of one will answer for both
Taking for example pallet C It is provided at the proper point on its inner end'

page_text: with an upright shifting dog o In proper position to co-operate with this dog
during the upward movement of the press pallet is a shifting lever d', the upper end
of which is forked and provided with points to enter and engage an annular groove e
in the type wheel hub The shifting lever is pivotted at fe to the frume of the
machine, ind, upon that portion of it which is first acted on by the dog eis it rises,
is bevel or incline g of sufficient extent to cause the dog to throw the shifting lever,
and consequently the type wheels, the proper distance to bring the type wheel A'
appertaining to pallot C, over a slot in the shield D-which slot is slightly wider than
the wheel and is directly over the press or printing pad I, the supporting arm of
which is independently hinged to the machine, the pad being in a position to be rused
by either press pallet Above the incline 96, is the straight portion he along which,
during the concluding portion of the movement of the pillet, the dog movɩs without
imparting movement to the shifting lover
The two sets of shifting mechanism are so placed that one or the other of the
shifting levers is always in position to be acted on by its dog The wheels when shifted
by one pallet always remain in that position, until they are shifted in the other
direction by the other pallet
Each pallet is provided with a horizontal lifter arm which extends under the
hinged press pad I so that the rise of either pallet will lift the press pad
The pad,
however, rises high enough to press the receiving strip or tape gunst the face of the
type wheel only after the shifting has been accomplished and while the shifting dog is
on the straight face he of the shifting lever
Thus each pillet during its upward stroke will first shift the type wheels to proper
position and will then effect the printing
The type wheel A carries the characters appropriate to one of the row of heys of
the transmitting key-bo ird in Figure 14, and type wheel A' curiers the characters
appropriate to the other row of said hoys Thus while the instruments are in action
the type wheels are shifted back and forth to bring over the press pad that particular
character of th it particular wheel which is called for by the particular hey which may
be depressed at the transmitting station
With reference to Figure 14, I have described the mun-line-controlling magnet s³
as entirely breaking the line current This however is not essential, because i smill
residual charge may sometimes be left on the line to adv int ige This slight residuil
current can be retained in a variety of wys-as for instinct, by introducing between
the tongue and station iry contact of the magnet sny desired resistance in such a
minner that when the tongue is drawn away from its contact by the magnet, the
result will be to throw resistance into the line instead of absolutely interrupting the
circuit Or instead of employing mignet s³ to break or weaken the line, it may be
used to strengthen the line current, this method would involve the use of wenh
revers ils on the line, the normal strength of the line being insufficient to cause the 4
neutral magnet J₁ to attract its armature, and the magnets would be employed
to cut resistance out of the line, instead of putting it in as in the instance list
above given
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my sud inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is
-
1 The combination with the stopping circuit and the transmitting instrumentalities
included therein, of the transmitter escapement circuit, escapement controlling
devices therein, the automatic pole changer for throwing reversals upon the
escapement circuit, and the stopping magnet, and circuit connections whereby the
closing of the stopping circuit shall cause the stopping magnet to effect the stoppage of
the automatic pole changer and the escapement controlling devices, substantially as
herembefore set forth
2 An automatic telegraph transmitter and means for actuating and stopping the
same, in combination with a starting magnet and circuit connections whereby said 5

page_text: starting magnet is brought into action by the stoppage of the transmitter, and,
when thus called into action, automatically operates to release the transmitter from
the control of the stopping mechanism, substantially as hereinbefore set forth
3 The stopping circuit including the needles or keys and other transmitting
intrumentalities together with the differentially wound car escapement magnet, having
its two windings respectively included in branches of a circuit in derivation to that
which includes the needles said branches being connected to separate segments
through one and the other of which the derived circuit is completed at the tunes and
in the manner hereinbefore set forth
4 An automatic pole changer or polarized electro magnet containing two coils or
sets of coils, the one in the circuit over which reversals pass, the other in a per-
manently closed comparitively high resistance "field" circuit in derivition thereto,
whereby an ascertained division of the current supplying the pole changer is effected,
a part passing through the reversal circuit, and a part icung with permanent
induction upon the armature, as herein before set forth
5 In a system of telegraphy, the combination with the escapement circuit of the
receiving instrument, and the magnet of the escapement included therem, and devices
which divert at regular intervals the current from said magnet, of a "unison" magnet
normally influenced at corresponding intervals from the transmitter, and contact
points operated or controlled by said ". unison magnet, when thus influenced, to
neutralize the action of the said current diverting devices whenever and so long as the
transmitter and receiver are in unison, substantially as hereinbefore set forth
"
6 The combination with the mun line, the stopping circuit, transmitting trailer,
and sunflower disc, of two sets of keys or needles included in branches in the stopping
Circuit, and a magnet in the branch circuit of one set of heys for altering the
condition of the main line when reversals thereon cease substantially as herembefore
set forth
7 The combination, at the transmitting station, of the main line, and its pole
changer, the automatic circuit and the transmitter escapement controlling magnet and
automatic pole changer, the stopping circuit its sunflower disc and trailer and
stopping magnet, two sets of keys or needles included in branches of the stopping
circuit, and a magnet in the branch of one set of keys controlling contacts in the
main line, substantially as hereinbefore set forth
8 The main line, the press circuit, the neutral relay J' having its magnet in the
mun line and controlling contacts in the press circuit, and the two press magnets
included in branches of said press circuit, the connections being such that the press
circuit will be completed through one or the other of said press magnets according to
the condition of the main line when reversals on it cease
9 The main line, the press circuit, the neutral relay J' and the two press magnets,
in combination with the neutral magnet D³, the polarized relay E³, and the circuit
connections whereby the press circuit is maintained open so long as reversals continue
on the main line
10 The double press magnet, consisting of the spools B³, B³, and the intermediate
naked core B affixed to a common yoke, and two independent armatures, as herein-
before set forth
11 The combination of the two laterally movable type wheels, the shifting
mechanism, the two independent press pallets each of which during the first part of
its stroke completely shifts and brings to rest the movable type wheels and sub-
sequently effects the printing, and the press pad common to the two pallets,
substantially as hereinbefore set forth