CARTES I Tessure motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: CARTES I Tessure motors.
A communication from LOUIS CORVISIER, Merchant, of 243, Rue d'Ares, Bor-
deaux, in the Republic of France.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of London,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
In a hydraulic press the small piston travels a relatively long distance while
the large piston only moves a small distance; if therefore, by a suitable arrange-
ment of the necessary parts, the large piston can be driven through a distance
practically equal to that of the small piston, without, at the same time, increas-
ing the initial force, it is evident that an accumulator will be obtained giving
a gain in force and speed. The new system to be described has therefore the
advantage of economy and is suitable for the production of any kind of work.
In a steam-engine the displacement of the piston necessitates the filling up; at
every stroke, of an empty space; whilst in a hydraulic press, the volume of
displacement of the large piston, must be filled with a quantity of water of the
same volume.
It is clear that, if the piston of a steam-engine or of a hydraulic press could
be displaced without the need of filling up the space created by the displace-
ment, the gain would be considerable.
This is effected by my correspondent by the employment of a piston of special
construction, a construction different from that of any known piston, the piston
not being made of metal, but of some pliable and deformable material, such as
a tube, sleeve or the like of rubber strengthened with layers or backing of
canvas so as to adapt it to withstand a high strain.
This tubular piston may be made of any material provided that it is pliable,
resistant and capable of changing its form and of returning to it again accord-
ing to the work effected, such conditions being essential in the piston according
to this invention.
In order that the invention may be better understood, it is more or less dia-
grammatically illustrated in the accompanying drawings in order to explain
in a general and summary manner the initial characteristic principle of the
invention. Finally details of construction and working will be dealt with more
precisely.
In a receptacle or chamber hereinafter called the cylinder of any shape or
capacity and capable of withstanding the required pressure, a pliable piston,
of any form, as referred to above is provided. The outer chamber or cylinder

page_text: will be supposed to be filled with water and the piston device with air, to suit
the purpose of demonstration only, as either of them may be filled with any
kind of gas or liquid.
If the cylinder, which is supposed to be air and water tight and filled
with water, is provided with a hole through which pressure, of any kind can
be caused to act on the liquid within, this pressure, according to l'ascal's law
will be transmitted integrally to every part of the inner surface of the recep-
tacle, including, therefore, the surface of the pliable piston device expanded
by gas or air contained within the receptacle.
"If one of the faces of the cylinder is provided with a suitable opening cor-
responding in form and size to the pliable piston, and one end of the latter
is displaceably arranged by means of a packing device, in the said opening, the
pressure produced on the surface of the piston device will tend to push through
the said opening that end of the pliable piston which, not being supported
against such pressure will recede before it.
Two such cylinders are arranged each provided with similar pliable pistons,
submerged within them. The ends of the pistons, projecting from the recep-
tacles are connected together by means of a pliable tube through which the
contents of one of the pistons may freely pass into the other and vice versa.
The two cylinders, however, surrounding the pistons are independent and
unconnected with each other.
By alternately changing the pressure from one to the other cylinder, the
pliable pistons, expanded and submerged in them will be made to move out-
wards alternately, thus acting as two pistons or movement devices, owing to
a very simple arrangement which enables one piston to re-enter while the other
moves outwards, an arrangement rendered possible only owing to the pliable
and deformable construction of the pistons. The pistons in their movements
under the pressure applied create no empty space behind them, since owing
to the communication established between the two pistons, the volume is kept
constant by the reciprocal restitution of their contents.
These principles having been indicated as forming the bases of my corres-
pondent's invention, one form of construction will now be described, but which
may be varied to any extent, according to the purpose it is intended to serve
and the effect required.
In the accompanying schematic drawing an apparatus is illustrated by way
of example:
Figure 1 representing a plan of the apparatus and
Figures 2 and 3 elevations of the cylinders taken separately.
The cylinders C and D) are hollow bodies of any material, calculated to with-
stand the necessary pressure. In the drawings they are supposed to be cylin-
drical in shape and made of metal. This form, however, is not absolutely
essential, the form may be varied, as long as it will allow the working of the
parts described hereunder.
These cylinders are provided with three way cocks B and B for the admission
or cutting off of pressure. The ends of the cylinders are provided with openings
provided with stuffing boxes or the like for the passage of the pliable pistons M M
and their rods.
The pliable pistons M M which are contained in the corresponding cylin-
ders C and D, are pliable and deformable and are made of sufficiently resistant
material to withstand the necessary pressure. In the present case they are sup-
posed to be formed of large tubes of rubber strengthened by layers of canvas
wound round and embedded so as to be capable of standing a pressure of say
24 atmospheres, thus being of a quality which will fully serve the purpose for
which they are intended.
The end of the piston device which is intended to pass out of the metallic
cylinder, is made of metal, i.e. the pliable tube forming the piston device is
prolonged by a metallic tube of a length equal to the distance through

page_text: which the piston device is intended to pass from the cylinder outwards. This
part is preferably made of metal only for the purpose of securing a satisfactory
packing effect for that part which passes in and out of the cylinder.
The other end of the piston, which is flattened or expanded according to the
inward or outward movement of the piston, is held by and enclosed between
jaws connected to a series of metallic rods acting as stretchers and slides. These
rods follow the slightest movement of the piston, and are held and guided
in their movement through the corresponding faces of the cylinder by means of
suitable stuffing boxes.
In each cylinder the alternating flattening out of the end of the piston devices,
is effected by means of cylindrical rods or rollers r arranged on a frame fixed
inside the cylinder, between which rollers the end of the piston alternately
enters and is compressed and passes out and expanded according to the direction
of the movement of the piston. These rollers should not be arranged at an
angle, converging, say, towards the point where the end intended to be flattened
out by the rollers reaches at the end of a stroke, but should be arranged in two
sets perfectly parallel to each other, the end of the piston being held and com-
pressed between them in the manner indicated in the accompanying drawing.
It is in connection with this displacement that the pliable tube connecting
the emerging ends of the piston as represented at dc and fg. becomes effective
by supplying to the piston as it becomes free of the rollers, the amount of fluid
which the other piston loses as it becomes compressed between the rollers. The
sum total of the volume in the two pistons does not change, but each piston's
capacity increases, or decreases in exact proportion as that of the other decreases
or increases, and it should be well understood that in the interior of each cylinder
the part of the piston contained between the stuffing box of the outlet and the
rollers, remains constant as regards length and volume.
It should be also observed that the working rods which follow the piston on
its movement, are at the same time differential rods, i.e. their dimensions are
calculated to compensate for the small difference which results from the part
of the piston which is not pliable and deformable, which here is the volume
occupied by the material itself of the piston. These rods are, therefore, exact
differentials of that quantity and are intended to compensate for the loss of
the quantity of water representing the quantity of the material forming the
piston.
These rigid rods t t participate, as has been mentioned before, in every move-
ment of the piston, and are articulated at n n to a horizontal shaft, arranged
on a suitable frame, so as to impart to that shaft by means of connecting rods
and cranks, the required circular motion. A fly wheel V helps to carry the
cranks over the dead points, as in similar mechanical arrangements, and insures
an even and regular working.
It still remains to explain the effect of the compressor in giving the initial
impulse to the mechanism, which is done with a view of simplifying and
facilitating the working, by employing, for example, one of the many means
for the purpose, which are adapted for it. In the strict sense of the word a
compressor may be any source of pressure energy, such as, for instance a
high
level water reservoir, à compressed air reservoir, actuated by any means, animal
force, steam, gaseous fluid, electricity, and any other energy.
In the present case a reservoir A will be selected in which air is compressed
to a certain degree by means of water according to the law of Mariotte, so
arranged as to transmit the pressure to the cylinders C and D through the three
way cocks B and B. These cocks are actuated by cams worked by the hori-
zontal shaft of the machine in such a manner as to alternately admit and exclude
pressure from the corresponding cylinders at the proper moment. When the
pressure is cut off the interior of the cylinder is at the same time put in com-
munication with the outside air so that the internal pressure is zero, i.e. atmo-
spheric pressure only.

page_text: ↑
DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION.
After the above general description it will now be easy to understand and
follow the working of the various parts composing the apparatus.
Pressure from A is applied to one of the cylinders, say, to cylinder D thereby
effecting the outward movement of the piston device M from the cylinder.
The piston will accomplish that movement with an amount of energy commen-
surate with the degree of pressure exercised by the pressure reservoir A. This
pressure acts, according to the principle of Pascal, in proportion to the surface
affected.
The piston M by its outward movement, actuates by means of the rod t¹
which participates in the movement of the piston, the connecting rod and crank
of the horizontal shaft. The shaft itself acts on the crank, connecting rod
and rod t of the second piston M, thereby drawing the end of the pliable part
of the latter between the rollers, where it readily enters and is flattened out,
for at that moment this piston passes on the volume displaced owing to its
being flattened out, to the other piston by means of the communication estab-
lished between the two pistons by the pliable tube, which ensures a constant
volume and the filling out of the empty space which the displacement of the
piston would have created in the absence of such provision.
In the half revolution of the shaft described above, the cock B is closed
by the action of a cam actuated by the said shaft, thereby cutting off the pres-
sure of the pressure reservoir A from the first cylinder and reducing it to zero,
while the same cam arrangement opens the admission cock B for the purpose
of applying pressure to the second cylinder C, which starts and produces a
movement of its piston opposite to that which it had just completed. This work
of the cams being regularly repeated and the deformation of one piston being
constantly balanced by a corresponding re-formation of the other, the said
pistons pass through an alternate and uninterrupted movement under the
alternating pressures to which they are subjected and in consequence of the
automatic interruption of the pressures.
Thus the required movement is obtained.
The volume of liquid in the cylinders C and D) remains constant,
since the space occupied by the pistons in any position does not
vary, the amount of their de-formation being constantly and recipro-
cally compensated. In each of the cylinders the form of the piston con-
stantly changes, but its displacing volume in the cylinder remains constant.
The re-formation of the pistons is automatically produced. The part of the out-
wardly moving piston growing in volume outside the cylinder, and which under
ordinary circumstances would leave a space behind and within requiring to be
filled up, is compensated by its increasing size or capacity at the other end as
the pliable end gradually emerges from the roller pressure device. The piston when
no longer flattened out is expanded automatically to an extent corresponding
to the volume of the part which has passed out of the cylinder. Owing to such
arrangement the volume of liquid in the cylinders suffers no loss, except per-
haps an insignificant leakage through the stuffing boxes, which can easily be
compensated. Thus a considerable gain is obtained, a gain in power by the
application of Pascal's principle, whereby the internal force is multiplied in
proportion to the effected surface, and again in velocity owing to the lengthen-
ing of the piston's travel outside the cylinder by multiplying the form of the
pistons without, however, altering their volume, which is always fully com-
pensated.
In practical use still another cause of loss occurs at the moment of closing
the cocks to cut off the pressure, owing to the inequality of pressure between
the medium compressing the pistons and the counter pressure of the latter.
This loss is easily compensated by providing the apparatus with a pump,
worked by the shaft itself which at the moment of cutting off pressure from

page_text: one of the cylinders receives the small quantity of the liquid driven out by
this difference of equilibrium, restoring it wholly to the cylinder at the moment
when pressure is again applied.
This movement is regulated by a cam arranged on the crank shaft, and of
which the time of action is very short.
Dated this and
1 T 1
1000
BOULT, WADE & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Fluid Pressure Motors.
A communication from LOUIS CORVISIER, Merchant, of 243, Rue d'Ares, Bor-
deaux, in the Republic of France.
1, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of London,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement : ---
In a hydraulic press the small piston travels a relatively long distance while
the large piston only moves a small distance; if therefore, by a suitable arrange-
ment of the necessary parts the large piston can be driven through a distance
practically equal to that of the small piston, without at the same time increas-
ing the initial force, it is evident that an accumulator will be obtained giving
a gain in force and speed. The new system to be described has therefore the
advantage of economy and is suitable for the production of any kind of work.
In a steam engine the displacement of the piston necessitates the filling up at
every stroke, of an empty space; whilst, in a hydraulic press, the volume of
displacement of the large piston, must be filled with a quantity of water of the
same volume.
It is clear that, if the piston of a steam-engine or of a hydraulic press could
be displaced without the need of filling up the space created by the displace-
ment the gain would be considerable.
This is effected by my correspondent by the employment of a piston of special
construction, a construction different from that of any known piston, the piston
not being made of metal, but of some pliable and deformable material, such as
a tube, sleeve or the like of rubber strengthened with layers or backing of
canvas so as to adapt it to withstand a high strain.
This tubular piston may be made of any material provided that it is pliable,
resistant and capable of changing its form and of returning to it again accord-
ing to the work effected, such conditions being essential in the piston according
to this invention.
In order that the invention may be better understood, it is more or less dia-
grammatically illustrated in the accompanying drawings in order to explain
in a general and summary manner the initial characteristic principle of the
invention. Finally details of construction and working will be dealt with more
precisely.
In a receptacle or chamber of any shape or capacity and capable of withstand-
ing the required pressure, a pliable piston, of any form, as referred to above

page_text: is provided. The outer chamber or cylinder will be supposed to be filled with
water and the piston device with air, to suit the purpose of demonstration only,
as either of them may be filled with any kind of gas or liquid.
If the outer receptacle, which is supposed to be air and water tight and filled
with water, is provided with a hole through which pressure of any kind can
be caused to act on the liquid within, this pressure according to Pascal's law
will be transmitted integrally to every part of the inner surface of the recep-
tacle, including therefore the surface of the pliable piston device expanded
by gas or air contained within the receptacle.
"If one of the faces of the receptacle is provided with a suitable opening car-
responding in form and size to the pliable piston, and one end of the latter
is displaceably arranged by means of a packing device in the said opening, the
pressure produced on the surface of the piston device will tend to push through
the said opening that end of the pliable piston which, not being supported
against such pressure will recede before it.
Two such receptacles are arranged each provided with similar pliable pistons,
submerged within them. The ends of the pistons, projecting from the recep-
tacles, are connected together by means of a pliable tube through which the
contents of one of the pistons may freely pass into the other and vice versa.
The two outer receptacles however surrounding the pistons are independent and
unconnected with each other.
By alternately changing the pressure from one to the other receptacle, the
pliable pistons, expanded and submerged in them will be made to move out-
wards alternately, thus acting as two pistons or movement devices owing to
a very simple arrangement which enables one piston to re-enter while the other
moves outwards, an arrangement rendered possible only owing to the pliable
and deformable construction of the pistons. The pistons in their movements
under the pressure applied create no empty space behind them, since, owing
to the communication established between the two pistons, the volume is kept
constant by the reciprocal restitution of their contents.
These principles having been indicated as forming the bases of my corres-
pondent's invention, one form of construction will now be described, but which
may be varied to any extent, according to the purpose it is intended to serve
and the effect required.
In the accompanying schematic drawing an apparatus is illustrated by way
of example:
Figure 1 representing a plan of the apparatus, and
Figures 2 and 3 elevations of the receptacles taken separately.
The generating receptacles C and D are hollow bodies of any material, calcu-
lated to withstand the necessary pressure. In the drawings they are supposed
to be cylindrical in shape and made of metal. This form, however, is not
absolutely essential; the form may be varied as long as it will allow the work-
ing of the parts described hereunder.
These cylinders are provided with three way cocks R and R' for the admis-
sion or cutting off of pressure. The ends of the cylinders are provided with
openings provided with stuffing boxes or the like, for the passage of the pliable
pistons B B and their rods.
The pliable pistons B B¹ which are contained in the corresponding cylin-
ders C and D, are pliable and deformable and are made of sufficiently resistent
material to withstand the necessary pressure. In the present case they are
supposed to be formed of large tubes, of rubber, strengthened by layers of can-
vas wound round and embedded so as to be capable of standing a pressure of
say 24 atmospheres, thus being of a quality which will fully serve the purpose
for which they are intended.
The end of the piston device which is intended to pass out of the metallic
cylinder, is made of metal, i.e. the pliable tube forming the piston device
prolonged by a metallic tube b b¹ of a length equal to the distance through

page_text: which the piston device is intended to pass from the cylinder outwards. This
part is preferably made of metal only for the purpose of securing a satisfactory
packing effect for that part which passes in and out of the cylinder.
The other end of the piston which is flattened or expanded according to the
inward or outward movement of the piston is held by and enclosed between
jaws connected to a series of metallic rods acting as stretchers and slides. These
rods, tt, follow the slightest movement of the piston, and are held and guided
in their movement through the corresponding faces of the cylinder by means of
suitable stuffing boxes.
In each cylinder the alternating flattening out of the end of the piston device
is effected by means of cylindrical rods or rollers r, arranged on a frame fixed
inside the cylinder between which rollers the end of the piston alternately
enters and is compressed and passes out and expands according to the direction
of the movement of the piston. These rollers should not be arranged at an
angle converging, say, towards the point where the end intended to be flattened
out by the rollers reaches at the end of a stroke, but should be arranged in two
sets perfectly parallel to each other, the end of the piston being held and com-
pressed between them in the manner indicated in the accompanying drawing.
It is in connection with this displacement that the pliable tube connecting
the emerging ends of the piston as represented at d and fg. becomes effective
by supplying to the piston as it becomes free of the rollers, the amount of fluid
which the other piston loses as it becomes compressed between the rollers. The
sum total of the volume in the two pistons does not change, but each piston's
capacity.increases or decreases in exact proportion as that of the other decreases
or increases, and it should be well understood that in the interior of each cylinder
the part of the piston contained between the stuffing box of the outlet and the
rollers, remains constant as regards length and volume.
It should be also observed that the working rods which follow the piston on
its movement, arc at the same time differential rods, i.e. their dimensions are
calculated to compensate for the small difference which results from the part
of the piston which is not pliable and deformable, which here is the volume
occupied by the material itself of the piston. These rods are, therefore, exact
differentials of that quantity and are intended to compensate for the loss of
the quantity of water representing the quantity of the material forming the
pistons.
These rigid rods 1 participate, as has been mentioned before, in every move-
ment of the piston, and are articulated at n n to a horizontal shaft, arranged
on a suitable frame so as to impart to that shaft by means of connecting rods
and cranks the required circular motion. A fly wheel V helps to carry the
cranks over the dead points, as in similar mechanical arrangements, and insures
an even and regular working.
It still remains to explain the effect of the compressor in giving the initial
impulse to the mechanism, which is done, with a view of simplifying and
facilitating the working by employing, for example, one of the many means
for the purpose which are adapted for it. In the strict sense of the word a
compressor may be any source of pressure energy, such as, for instance.a high
level water reservoir, a compressed air reservoir, actuated by any means, animal
force, steam, gaseous fluid, electricity, and any other energy.
In the present case a reservoir A will be selected in which air is compressed
to a certain degree by means of water according to the law of Mariotte, so
arranged as to transmit the pressure to the cylinders C and D through the three
way cocks R and R. These cocks are actuated by cams worked by the hori
zontal shaft of the machine in such a manner as to alternately admit and exclude
pressure from the corresponding cylinders at the proper moment. When the
pressure is cut off the interior of the cylinder is at the same time put in com-
munication with the outside air so that the internal pressure is zero, i.e. atmo-
spheric pressure only.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION.
After the above general description it will now be easy to understand and
follow the working of the various parts composing the apparatus.
Pressure from A is applied to one of the cylinders, say, to cylinder D, thereby
effecting the outward movement of the piston device B¹ from the cylinder.. The
piston will accomplish that movement with an amount of energy commensurate
with the degree of pressure exercised by the pressure reservoir A. This pres
sure acts, according to the principle of Pascal, in proportion to the surface
affected.
The piston B, by its outward movement, actuates by means of the rod t¹,
which participates in the movement of the piston, the connecting rod and crank
of the horizontal shaft. The shaft itself acts on the crank, connecting rod
and rod of the second piston B, thereby drawing the end of the pliable part
of the latter between the rollers, where it readily enters and is flattened out,
for at that moment this piston passes on the volume displaced, owing to its
being flattened out, to the other piston by means of the communication estab-
lished between the two pistons by the pliable tube, which ensures a constant
volume and the filling out of the empty space which the displacement of the
piston would have created in the absence of such provision.
In the half revolution of the shaft described above, the cock R' is closed
by the action of a cam actuated by the said shaft, thereby cutting off the pres-
sure of the pressure reservoir A from the first cylinder and reducing it to zero,
while the same cam arrangement opens the admission cock R for the purpose
of applying pressure to the second cylinder C, which starts and produces. a
movement of its piston opposite to that which it had just completed. This work
of the cams being regularly repeated and the deformation of one piston being
constantly balanced by a corresponding re-formation of the other, the said
pistons pass through an alternate and uninterrupted movement under the
alternating pressures to which they are subjected and in consequence of the
automatic interruption of the pressures.
Thus the required movement is obtained. The volume of liquid in the cylin-
ders C and D, remains constant, since the space occupied by the pistons in any
position does not vary, the amount of their de-formation being constantly and
reciprocally compensated. In each of the cylinders the form of the piston con-
stantly changes, but its displacing volume in the cylinder remains constant.
The re-formation of the pistons is automatically produced. The part of the out-
wardly moving piston growing in volume outside the cylinder, and which under
ordinary circumstances would leave a space behind and within requiring to be
filled up, is compensated by its increasing size or capacity at the other end as
the pliable end gradually emerges from the roller pressure device. The piston when
no longer flattened out is expanded automatically to an extent corresponding
to the volume of the part which has passed out of the cylinder. Owing to such
arrangement, the volume of liquid in the cylinders suffers no loss, except per-
haps an insignificant leakage through the stuffing boxes, which can easily be
compensated. Thus a considerable gain is obtained, a gain in power by the
application of Pascal's principle, whereby the initial force is multiplied in
proportion to the affected surface, and a gain in velocity owing to the lengthen-
ing of the piston's travel outside the cylinder by modifying the form of the
pistons without, however, altering their volume, which is always fully com-
pensated.
In practical use still another cause of loss occurs at the moment of closing
the cocks to cut off the pressure, owing to the inequality of pressure between
the medium compressing the pistons and the counter pressure of the latter.
This loss is easily compensated by providing the apparatus with a pump,
worked by the shaft itself, which at the moment of cutting off pressure from
one of the cylinders receives the small quantity of the liquid driven out by

page_text: this difference of equilibrium, restoring it wholly to the cylinder at the moment
when pressure is again applied. This movement is regulated by a cam arranged
on the crank shaft, and of which the time of action is very short.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. A motor engine or device characterised by the use of two cylinders or
like bodies provided with pliable and de-formable pistons connected by a tube,
change in the form of which pistons is possible without variation in volume
by an arrangement whereby the flattening out of one end of one piston, to
diminish its volume at this point at the time when it would be harmful and
to restore it when it will prove effectively useful is effected, the pressure thus
produced on the surfaces of the pistons characterising them as multiplicates
of force, while allowing also a movement of longitudinal displacement substan-
tially as described.
2. A motor apparatus comprising two cylinders or like bodies with pliable
and deformable pistons connected together by a tube, said pistons being able
to pass out partially from the cylinders, means within the cylinders to effect
the flattening or deformation of the pliable pistons and means for applying and
cutting off pressure to the fluid within the cylinders, substantially as described.
3. A motor provided with a pliable deformable piston which is adapted to
pass partly out of the cylinder substantially as described.
4. A motor apparatus substantially as described or illustrated schematically
in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 15th day of January 1900.
BOULT, WADE & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.