Improvements in Axles and Axle Bearings for Road Vehicles.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 20th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 21st May, 1896-Accepted, 27th June, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Axles and Axle Bearings for Road Vehicles.
I GEORGE HENRY HARRISON 10 Daisy Road Birmingham Carriage Axle
Finisher do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
I make the axle arm with a collar similar to those used on what are known as
Collinges axles, and next to this collar I screw or drive a steel cone, at the outer
or cap end of axle arm I also screw or drive onto a special bearing prepared for the
purpose, a steel cone or collet with its bevel or wearing surface facing the like
wearing surface on the cone fixed next to the collar of axle arm, next to this cone or
collet at outer end of arm I fix a washer to slide on a bearing prepared for same,
though not to revolve.
I also fix next to the washer just mentioned, a nut having its thread the
opposite hand (i.e. right or left) to the one in the cone on outer end of axle arm,
so that when the cone is adjusted in its proper position and the washer is between
the outside nut and the cone, by tightening the outside nut I can lock it very
securely in any position I wish, I also leave a point or nib on end of arm through
which I drive a cotter pin as used in all Collinges axles.
The bush or box I make of any shape outside which I find most convenient for
the size or kind of hub to be used, at the end of bush next to collar of axle arm,
I bore or sink the face of said bush out to any depth I may require, and in this
recessed part I insert a steel cup for balls to revolve in, the face of the steel cup
mentioned is to be sunk in the form of a groove to the depth of the diameter of
balls decided to be used. Again the inside circle or wall of groove is cut away to
rather less than half the diameter of balls decided to be used.
To secure this steel cup in position I screw a washer into the recess after the
cup is in its place, the hole in the said washer to be the same diameter as
centres of balls when placed in the groove in cup for that purpose, the balls are
then enclosed on fully two thirds of their circumference, the remaining exposed
portion will take its bearing on the steel cone provided for that purpose next
to the collar of axle arm. The outer or cap end of bush is arranged in exactly
the same manner as that described for the collar end of bush or box, but is made
sufficiently deep to take the thread of oil cup or cap as used on Collinges axles.
By enclosing the balls in cup aforementioned on more than half their circum-
ference I prevent them from falling out of position when the wheel is removed from
the axle arm thus preventing the loss of the balls.
I make the diameter of the axle arm slightly smaller than the bore of the bush
or box so that the bearing shall only be taken on the steel cones at each end
of the arm provided for that purpose. When adjusted the rows of balls at each
end of bush or box will take their bearing on the cones and can be adjusted to
revolve very freely without having any shake or play whatever. The outer
end clear by means of the usual oil cap or cup as is used on all Collinges
axles.
Dated this 18th day of July 1895.

page_text: I, GEORGE HENRY HARRISON, of 10 Daisy Road, Birmingham, Carriage
Axle Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:=
My invention has for its object improvements in axles and axle bearings for road
vehicles.
I make the axle arm with a collar similar to those used on what are known
At
as Collinges axles, and next to this collar I screw or drive a steel cone.
the outer or cap end of axle arm I also screw or drive on to a special bearing
prepared for the purpose, a steel cone or collet with its ball bearing surface
presented to the like ball bearing surface on the cone fixed next to the collar of
axle arm.
Next to this cone or collet at outer end of arm I fix a washer to
I also fix next to
slide on a bearing prepared for same, though not to revolve.
the washer just mentioned, a nut having its thread the opposite hand (i.e. right
or left) to the one in the cone on outer end of axle arm, so that when cone is
adjusted in its proper position and the washer is between the outside nut and the
cone, by tightening the outside nut I can lock it very securely in any position.
I also leave a point or nib on end of arm through which I drive a cotter pin as used
in all Collinges axles.
The bush or box I make of any outside shape which I find most convenient for.
the size or kind of hub to be used. At the end of bush next to collar of axle arm
I bore out or sink the face of the same to any depth I may require, and in this
recessed part I insert a steel cup for balls to revolve in, with the face of the same
sunken in the form of a groove to the depth of the diameter of balls to be used.
Again the inside circle or wall of groove is cut away to rather less than half the
diameter of balls. To secure this steel cup in position I screw a washer into the
recess after the cup is in its place. The inner edge or periphery of the hole in
the said washer comes lignable with the centres of balls in the groove of the cup.,
The balls are thus enclosed on fully two thirds of their circumference, the remaining
exposed portions taking their bearing on the steel cone provided for that purpose.
The outer or cap end of the bush is arranged in exactly the same manner as that
described for the collar end of the bush or box, but is made sufficiently deep to take
the thread of oil cap.
By enclosing the balls on more than half their circumference within cages
formed by the ball race and the screwed-in washers I retain them in position:
when the wheel is removed from the axle arm, thus preventing the loss of the
balls.
I make the diameter of axle arm slightly smaller than the bore of the bush or
box so that the bearing shall only be taken on the steel cones provided for that
purpose at each end of the arm.
When adjusted the rows of balls at each end of bush or box will take their
bearing on the cones and can be adjusted to revolve very freely without having
any shake, or play whatever. The outer end of the bush is closed by means of the
usual oil cup or cap as is used on all Collinges or mail axles.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents in longitudinal vertical section,
one of the arms of a Collinges axle fitted with ball bearings constructed and arranged
according to my improvements.
Figure 2 represents a transverse section through the axle arm and bush at the
collar end and upon the dotted lines & Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents a transverse section of the axle bush or arm at the cap end
of the axle upon the dotted line a¹ Figure 1.

page_text: Figure 4 is an underside plan of the cap end of the axle, showing the flat on
the washer bearing and the right and left hand screwings of the separated cone
and nut parts.
Figure 5 is a cross section of Figure 4 upon the dotted line 2.
Figure 6 is an elevation of the washer, showing the D-shaped hole through it.
Figure 7 is a section of the steel ball cup at the collar end of the axle and
Figure 8 is a front elevation of the same.
Figure 9 is a front and a side elevation of the washer or screwed-in ring, whose
inside periphery, when in position, comes lignable with the centres of the balls placed
within the cups.
Figure 10 shows front and side elevations of the steel ball bearing cone at the
collar end of the axle arm.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures
of the drawing.
a is the axle and a¹ one of the axle arms, which bas at its inner end, an inside
sunken or dished collar a² and at its outer end a reduced part a³, right-hand wormed
at a, and a further reduced left-hand wormed part ab, with an intervening plain
bearing a, having a flat a', which receives a like inside-shaped and non-rotating
washer b, whilst the extreme end point or nib a³, has a cottar pin a³, directed
through it.
Circumferentially enveloping the said arm is an axle box or bush c, having fitted
within the interior of the enlarged cap end A, a steel ball race or cup d, locked in
position by an outside screwed ring or washer e, worming within the inside screwed
part c, and with the ball contact f₁, of the cone f, screwed on the right hand wormed
part a, of the arm end, coming up to the balls g, located between the said contact
of the cone and the annular race of the cup. h is a nut taking onto the left-hand
screwed part of the axle end and i is the oil cap, with its inner end 2, screwing into
the mouth of the cap end of the axle box.
At the collar end of the axle arm; g¹are the balls, located between ball contact m¹,
of the steel cone m, screwed on the collar end of the arm, and the ball bearing
race, of the steel cup j, fitted within the screwed-on enlarged end B, of the
axle box and locked therein by the ring washer k, screwing into the inside
wormed part of the said collar end and circumferentially surrounding the said
cone m.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The general construction, arrangement and combination of the parts of
the ball bearings at the cap end of a carriage axle arm, substantially as described
and set forth.
Secondly. The general construction, arrangement and combination of the parts of
the ball bearings at the collar end of a carriage axle arm, substantially as described
and set forth.
Thirdly. The improvements in axles and in the general construction, arrangement
and combination of the parts of axles bearings for road vehicles, substantially as
herein described and set forth.
Fourthly. In the axle boxes of road vehicles making the same with a screwed-on
enlarged collar end B, in combination with ball bearings arranged, substantially as
described and set forth.
Dated this 19th day of May 10.
GEORGE HENRY HARRISON,
By Henry Skerrett,
24 Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.