Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Artificial Fuel.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application. 19th Aug.; .1890-Accepted, 20th Sept.. 1690
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Artificial
Fuel.
We FREDERIO LENNARD of Blackwall Lane East Greenwich in the County of
Kent Manufacturing Chemist and EDWARD WILLIAM HARDING of 13 Devonshire
Road Greenwich aforesaid Fuel Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to manufacture of artificial fuel.
According to this invention we take coal either unscreened direct from the coal
mines, or subdivided to a more or less extent and with this coal we mix coal-tar-pitch
and spent or green tan previously reduced either together or separately to a suitable
degree of fineness for proper mixing together. The said materials are incorporated
and then the mixture is subjected to a further grinding process or otherwise brought
into thorough admixture which may be effected by passing the mixture through a
mechanical mixer such for instance as one constructed with a circular body with
internal radial arms and from which the mixture is discharged preferably down an
inclined shoot.
The proportions of the aforesaid materials which we have found to be most suitable
for ordinary purposes are as follows:-7 parts by measure of coal or coal and coke
or breeze admixed with 2 parts of tan and 1 part of coal-tar-pitch.
The materials after they have been thorougly mixed with each other are rendered
to a plastic condition which may be done by conveying them into a mixing or pug
mill to which is admitted steam preferably superheated and of about 340° Fahrenheit.
When the mixture has become plastic it is conveyed into suitable receptacles of a
trougb, or other suitable fuel making press, and then compressed into blocks varying
in size in accordance with the purposes for which they are intended.
Blocks of such admixed matters will be found to be specially adapted for household
and other purposes as by combination of the matters referred to the greater portion
of the free carbon almost invariably present in coal, is attacked by the other
matters and by admixture and compression held together in such manner that the
mass obtains ignition only sufficiently fast to ensure perfect combustion, whereby
the heat-giving power is greatly increased and the per centage of smoke
minimised.
We do not bind ourselves to the proportions herein before given, as the same may
be varied according to circumstances. For instance the proportion of tan may be
increased to five parts or decreased to one part and the proportion of pitch be
increased to three parts or decreased to one half a part.
In compressing the combined matters into blocks the blocks should be made with
a perforation or perforations, so that in burning perfect oxidation of the fuel is
ensured.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The manufacture and production of artificial fuel by the admixture of green or
spent tan; coal or coal and coke or breeze and coal-tar pitch.
2. The manufacture and production of blocks of artificial fuel by the admixture
of green or spent tan; coal or coal and coke or breeze and coal-tar-pitch

page_text: rendering the same plastic as described and pressing the same into blocks whether
they be unperforated or perforated substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.