Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Manures and Fertilizers.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 21st Mar, 1893-Accepted, 10th June, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Manures
and Fertilizers.
I, JOHN WILLIAM LODGE of County Bridge, Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved complete, continuous and automatic process
and means to be employed in drying, absorbing, deodorizing pulverizing, separating
storing bagging and weighing, prepared human and animal excreta and urine or
night soil in combination with any or all of the following substances which may
have been previously ground or disentegerated, mixed or blended together into,
(or naturally be of) a pulpy or pasty character, street sweepings, wood straw, or
peat moss, litter from stables, domestic coal ashes, animal garbage from slaughter
houses, stale fish, fruit, vegetable or other market and towns refuse, spent bark
from tanneries, dye wood residium and sewage sludge (in combination if found
necessary with) fine dry peat moss, gypsum or other absorbent, and sulphuric acid,
or other deodorizer, drying this compound in continuous, automatic mechanically,
manipulated drying machines heated by steam, so that the whole mixture of the
elements mentioned or any or all of the parts thereof in combination as may be
found desirable may be pulverized and separated into a fine powder manure and
automatically bagged and weighed, at the same time the volatile bye products such
as ammonical and sulphuretted hydrogen gasses emitted during the operation of
drying this material is drawn off by an exhaust fan or pump, and passed through a
cooler washer, scrubber, purifier and condenser, somewhat after the manner of
treating coal gas, and the liquor thus obtained may then be treated by any ordinary
sulphate of ammonia plant, whereby the ammonical salts or liquid ammonia is
recovered and the whole process carried out without resultant nuisance to the
propertys adjoining the works, and thus a fertilizer of considerable commercial
value is manufactured out of the waste products (the intrinsic and commercial value
of the same being considerably enhanced by the extraction of the superfluous
moisture therefrom and its reduction to a fine powder, so as to be the more easy
and quickly assimilable to plant growth) conducing to the sanitation of populous
urban districts, by the prompt conversion of these dangerous elements to the public
health into a portable and innoxious form, reduced in bulk, easy to transport, not
unpleasant to handle, and valuable to agriculture and horticulture.
The object of my invention is to convert the whole of the parts valuable to
agriculture to be found in human and animal excrements and all the various forms
of towns refuse into a deodorized innoxious fine dust portable manure thereby
enabling the whole of these valuable elements being returned to the land, by either
hand labour or manure spreading machines as a top dressing fertilizer or hand tillage.
According to my invention when the various elements already enmumerated in
whole or in part have first been sorted and the useless parts, such as tin, glass and
earthenware vessels and parts thereof, old shoes, bricks, stones and the like taken
away and destroyed or reduced by cupola or destructor the remaining parts not of
a liquid or pasty character may be ground or mixed into such a state along with
those that are of a liquid nature so converting the whole into a pasty or pulpy
form resembling mortar and capable of being passed through a quarter inch
mesh riddle and containing in such state from 40 to 50 per cent. of moisture this
may be done either wholly by the machine and process described in a Patent
granted to present applicant dated the 1st June 1889 Number 9087 or in like
manner effected by hand worked or stationary riddles, edge rollers or disentegerators,
after it is prepared into this pasty or pulpy form by any known method, the
material is then in form for undergoing the process claimed by this invention.
The material is now raised by elevator to the top of a drying machine, square in

page_text: form, its length, breadth and height, being determined by the amount of service
it may be required to perform. This machine which is encased with iron hollow
sides into which the exhaust steam and condensed water which as passed through
a heating pipe coil (as hereinafter more fully described) may be driven. These
pipes are placed immediately below the upper travelling tray or table in each
storey (as hereinafter more fully described) and may be connected with the hollow
casement either in or by single or alternate storeys, or by one continuous pipe
coil after it as passed through all the storeys, such condensed water being drawn
away from the machine encasement by a steam trap in the machine basement.
This machine contains a number of storeys placed one above another, each
complete in itself which can be multiplied as required and which are divided into
two or more sections longitudinally, on the material being delivered by the
elevator it falls into a hopper on the top of the machine, containing a revolving
shaft with a double conical periphery having thereon a right and left hand worm
working outwardly from the centre of the hopper, this worm at once spreads
the material equally over the full width of the hopper and thus it passes on at
one uniform thickness to the moving table working immediately below ready to
receive it, the material being directed in its descent to the table by a guide plate
set at an acute angle. These moving tables are specially designed for the purpose
(as it is found by experience that to place such pasty material straight on to hot
jacketed steam plates causes it to adhere to the heated surface and bake itself
fast and so impedes the working of the machine itself, and the process of drying by
preventing the material from coming into close continual contact with the hot
plates) and are formed by two or more endless chains passing over two rollers
fixed at opposite ends of the machine in each storey or chamber, which said storeys
or chambers may be divided into two or more sections having the same number
of moving tables working over the same rollers in each section, as may be found
to be required by the amount of work to be performed by the machine, or the
speed at which it may be run, the surface of the table consists of an alternate
series of iron or zinc plates fastened crosswise on to the chains and hinged together
in such a manner that in passing over the roller the movable half of the hinged
plate is acted upon by a fixed radius and spring and thus it is transformed into a
box edge and automatically fixed into an upright position until replaced by a
further application of automatic power in an opposite direction, thus the material
is not allowed to dump off one table on to the one below until it is well over the
centre of the roller and thus prevents the material from falling into the chains
and clogging the working of the table.
These surface plates are perforated so as to allow the heat to penetrate upwards
into the material as it rides on the table, and which enters the machine at a point
where the heat is greatest. When the material falls off one table it is directed by
guide plates on to another working in an opposite direction, this is done repeatedly.
until it arrives at the bottom of the machine when it falls into a conveyor or worm
and is carried into another external elevator and raised to the top of the machine
again, and passed through the other sections in the same manner as described.
Between the two strands of each endless chain travelling table there is placed at
a slight incline lengthwise, a pipe worm which is carried from side to side con-
tinuously and from storey to storey through each section from top to bottom of the
machine which is charged with live steam and gives off a great heat, which rises
through the perforations of the table and dries the material placed thereon; while
the material is riding on the travelling tables it is operated upon by a succession of
revolving forks or breakers, working in opposite directions, these have the effect
of breaking up and spreading the material backwards and forwards, so that as the
material becomes hot the steam engendered is enabled to escape therefrom, such
steam being highly charged with ammoniacal gas, is drawn away, by an exhaust
fan or pump as fast as it is liberated, the exhaust pipe being attached to each
storey, the inner sectional plates having large perforations to allow of the steam
being expeditiously drawn off.

page_text: When the several travelling tables have delivered their loads and are travelling
back face downwards, as will be the case with the bottom strand, they are operated
upon by a revolving brush which cleans the surface and prepares it for another
load of material. The brush is made of steel or other suitable fibre and is fixed
upon a hollow shaft having rows of holes bored through between the bristles so
that a constant supply of fresh air is admitted into the machine to replace that
drawn away by the exhaust fan, which along with the elevators, table rollers,
revolving forks, breakers, brushes, and worms receive their motion from a main
shaft placed in a suitable position and this power is distributed throughout the
machine by means of spur wheels or Leys patent chain.
After the material has passed through a succession of these storeys or chambers
(aud it will be observed that by constructing the machine as described by storeys
each complete in itself in its action, it is easily possible to enlarge it until the
actual table area required for the amount of material to be dealt with be ascertained,
as all the parts are in duplicate, easily accessible and can be inspected or repaired
without serious loss of time by means of doors inserted in the panels of the machine
side) sufficient to have reduced the moisture to about 20 per cent. and the material
is found to be dried to the friable consistency of marl or soil it then falls into a
worm which carries it to an elevator by which it is lifted to the top of another
drying machine, circular in form, wholly encased within iron hollow sides (into
which the exhaust steam and condensed water from each or alternate trays or
coils may be driven such condensed water being drawn off by steam trap in base of
machine,) and dome having a series of circular flat hollow jacketted tables, plates
or trays heated by steam or surface plates, having countersunk perforations
therein point upwards, and so allow the heat to ascend into the material placed
thereon, these plates may rest upon continuous circular or zigzag coils of steam
pipe (these tables, plates or trays are made and arranged alternately of two sizes in
diameter with two sizes of apertures in the centre for the upright shaft and
material to work through, the larger sized tray has the largest aperture in the
centre and the material falls off this tray onto the one below through this aperture,
the smaller sized tray allows the material to fall off the outer circumference
thereof, while the aperture in the centre is only sufficient to allow the upright shaft
to work freely therein) arranged in storeys, one above another with a door to each
storey, for inspection and lubrication (these may be multiplied as found requisite
to accomplish the further drying of the material to 10 per cent. of moisture, which
is the standard of dryness required by this process to enable the material to be
reduced to a fine dust by a pulverizer) the material is dropped from the elevator
and equally distributed by two or more spouts on to the outward circumference of
the top storey hot jacketted tray in that semi-dry state in which it leaves the first
drying machine and is now in a suitable form to be dealt with on these steam
heated trays without its adhering and baking thereto thus allowing the machine to
work quicker and more effectively.
An upright shaft revolves in the centre of this machine, passing through the
centre of all the heated plates in every storey receiving its motion from a counter
shaft and bevel wheels in the base of the machine, onto this upright shaft in each
storey there is bolted horizontal cross arms at quarter centres which extend
outwards towards the shell of the machine, those in the top storey are each and
all provided with fixed adjustable guide plates set at such an angle to the circum-
ference as to worm the material by easy stages from circumference to centre
thereof in the form of a volute spring, thus ultimately dropping it through the
aperture around the upright shaft onto the storey below, the guide plates on the
arms in the top storey have metallic brushes bolted behind them, in the inner
circles, whilst in the outer circles, the brushes trail behind like anchors, held to the
arins by springs which can be operated upon by a screw so as to act heavy or
lightly upon the hot plates as may be required, these brushes are set at the same
angle as the fixed guide plates on the arms, in the lower storeys the cross arins are
provided (at alternate ends thereof) with stud pinion wheels which derive their

page_text: motion either from a toothed or friction segment fastened around the inside shell
of the machine, or from a bell wheel fixed in the centre around the upright shaft,
these pinion wheels give motion to a pair of small bevel wheels, which turn a short
horizontal shaft (these shafts may run in hollow steel lubricating centres within
box bearings lined with lignum vitea or brass or other suitable substance) on which
are arranged a number of metallic brushes which revolve immediately behind (and
is held in position by the same cross arm which carries the fixed guide plates) as
these guide plates propel the material sideways alternately towards the centre or
circumference the brushes clean the surface and prepare it for the spreading forks
following behind on the next arm. These forks re-covers the prepared surface with
a fresh supply of material; these spreading forks are driven by either spur wheels
from the before mentioned pinion and spur or friction wheels, or by a chain there-
from, these revolving forks or flyers are continualy spreading and breaking up the
material and so helping the steam to escape from the material to be drawn away by
the exhaust fan which is attached to every storey by a pipe, the air being replaced
through apertures in the machine shell, having automatic and adjustable doors; by
this arrangement the material can be passed through the machine at one uniform
thickness and speed until it reaches the bottom tray which as one side of its
circumference cut off, so as to allow of the material being worked off into a worm
which carries it out and into another elevator which lifts it up and drops it into the
centre of an hopper which contains a double conical shaft working therein, having
a right and left hand worm or screw thereon working outwardly from the centre and
thus it spreads the material over the whole width of the hopper, it then falls between
two yielding nipping rollers, and then forward on to a fluted feed roller, the groves
being cut longitudinally, by this arrangement the material is allowed to slide down an
acute incline spout or shoot at a regular uniform width and thickness, as the
material is sliding down this incline shoot it is operated upon by a succession of
magnets, travelling in the same direction with their points in the material which
extract therefrom the small pieces of iron which is contained therein, these magnets
are carried over two opposite rollers (placed above one another at the same incline
as the shoot upon which the material slides) fixed on crossbars carried by chains;
upon the magnets passing around the bottom roller after passing through the
material it is operated upon by a revolving brush made of suitable fibre which
sweeps off the small particles of iron and deposits them in a box, thus preparing
the magnets for meeting the material again, at the top of the incline shoot, after
the material has passed by the magnets and is proceeding downwards towards the
pulverizer a strong current of air (which is created by a fan attached behind the
hopper escapes through an aperture the whole width of the shoot) meets it,
the strength of this current of air can be regulated by varying the speed of the fan
which is done by the strap which drives the fan working over two conical drums
set opposite to each other in reverse attidutes, a guide fork is operated by a rack
and pinion which moves the strap backwards and forwards as it may be required to
go faster or slower, and so strengthen or weaken the current of air and thus (I do
not however confine myself to this form of separator any other suitable form of
separator may be used as found desirable) the material is blown forwards into a
series of chambers or receptacles having two or more V shaped hopper_bottomed
divisions with shoots attached having therein one or more adjustable diaphragm
which can be regulated to produce the material in the several degrees of fineness
that may be required, (these chambers have doors by which they can easily enter
for inspection or cleaning) the coarser portions fall direct from the separator down
a shoot into any form of pulverizer or disentegerator to be ground until it will pass
a mesh of 60 by 60 to an inch, after which it falls into a worm underneath the
pulverizer which takes it into the same elevator, which before took it up into the
separator, there to be again dealt with as described, the finer portions which is now
in a finished form fall down one or more shoots as required (to which it is guided
by the adjustable diaphragm, one of which leads into another elevator by which it
is carried to the top of the storeroom, which is constructed of wood with strong

page_text: timber frame the inside bottom thereof is divided into a series of V shaped hoppers
in several divisions of large holding capacity, the material falls from the elevator
on to a wide leather or other flexible fibre belt working through a movable hopper
which travels on parallel slides backwards and forwards from side to side of the
machine, the movement of the hopper carries the belt with it (the belt carries the
material and delivers it uniformily over the holding capacity of the store room)
while the roller over which the belt delivers its load, as another reversible motion
which it receives from a spur wheel keyed on its axis working in a toothed
longitudinal radial ended slot which causes the roller to travel from one end of the
machine to the other, these motions are both automatic in their action, the belt
having an arrangement attached by which it is enabled to elongate or contract its
delivering action as the delivery roller travels backwards and forwards over the
length of the machine.
The hopper shaped bottom of the store room is provided with a worm at the
bottom of each hopper section, working horizontally and longitudinally with the
V shaped of each hopper and over which is carried a longitudinally perforated
pressure bridge through which automatic forks working on fixed centres (carried off
the worm box edge) and moved backwards and forwards by cam motion received
from the worm, brings the manure down into the worm box, and when it is required
to draw the material from the store room, a bag is placed upon the automatic
weighing machine (having adjustable table on spiral screw for different size of bags)
attached to the worm delivery spout, and by applying a catch (which is connected
to the strap guide by levers, connecting rods and balance weight) to the scale
beam, the worm is put in motion and the material is brought out into the bag, when
sufficient weight is dropped therein it causes the scale beam to rise, and so releases
the catch and the balance weight removes the strap onto the loose pulley, and so
the motion of the worm is arrested until the bag is replaced; by this arrangement
one man can attend to the filling and weighing of several bags continuously (and
so the manual labour involved in the whole process is reduced to a minimum) when
it is found necessary to send it away.
When it is not required to be sent away, the other machinery can continue
working and deliver the material into the store room, or one set of machinery can
work by day and the other by night.
The steam which is drawn off the material in process of drying (and the smoke
liberated by the cupola or destructor engaged destroying useless material, or boilers
when fed by the coarser fuel, riddled off by machine as described by Patent
No. 9087 dated 1st June 1889; such fuel being highly charged with ammonia and
the gasses and noxious vapours emitted by burning and drying such material) may
ali be drawn away by fan (in combination or separately) and forced into a vertical
cooler (having at its base a water tank and a series of fixed diaphragms so placed
as to cause the vapour and smoke to follow a tortuous and devious course previous
to ascending the vertical upcast shaft of the cooler all the time the vapours are
travelling through, sprays of water forced through perforated pipes, so placed as to
cover all the space of travel, in the tank bottom which is V shaped, a worm works,
to which on the outside of the cooler is a short elevator, which brings out the
sediment formed by the light carbonized material brought down by the water
sprays, this water is lifted by a pump into a cistern at the top of the upright cooler
and so feeds the perforated pipes) washer, scrubber, or purifier and condenser, and
such other modifications as may be found necessary of the appliances ordinarily
used in the treatment of coal gas, by the means thus described the smoke and steam
evolved in the process, will be thereby cleared of its impurities and the ammoniacal
gasses being washed and the water converted into strong ammoniacal liquor which
can be treated by a sulphate of ammonia plant, and the salts recovered and added
to the manure, or converted by saturator into liquid ammonia.
Dated this 18th dor of June 1802

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Manures
and Fertilizers.
I, JOHN WILLIAM LODGE County Bridge Sowerby Bridge Yorkshire Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to an improved, complete, continious, and automatic
process and means to be employed in drying, absorbing, deodorizing, pulverizing,
separating, storeing, bagging and weighing, prepared human and animal excreta
and urine or night soil, in combination with any or all of the following substances,
which may have been previously ground or disintegrated, mixed or blended into
(or naturally be of) a pulpy or pasty character, street-sweepings, wood, straw or
peat-moss-litter from stables, domestic coal ashes, animal garbage from slaughter
houses, stale fish, fruits, vegetables, or other market, and town's refuse, spent bark
from tanneries dyewood residiums and sewage sludge (in combination if found
necessary) with fine dry peat moss, gypsum or other absorbent, and sulphuric acid
or other deodorizer. Drying this compound in continuous, automatic, mechanically
manipulated drying machines, heated by steam, so that the whole mixture of the
elements mentioned, or any, or all of the parts thereof, in combination as may be
found desirable, may be pulverized into a fine powder manure, and antomatically
bagged and weighed. At the same time the volatile bye products, such as
ammoniacal and sulphuretted hydrogen, or other gases, emitted during the operation
of drying this material, is drawn off by an exhaust, fan, or pump, and passed through
a collar, washer scrubber, purifier, and condenser, somewhat after the manner of
treating coal gas, and the liquor thus obtained may then be treated by any ordinary
sulphate of ammonia plant, whereby the ammoniacal salts or liquid ammonia, are
recovered, and the whole process carried out, without resultant nuisance to the
properties adjoining the works, and thus a fertilizer of considerable commercial
value is manufactured.
The object of this invention is to convert the whole of the parts valuable to
agriculture, to be found in animal and human excrements, and all the various forms
of towns refuse, into a deodorized innoxious fine dust portable manure, thereby
enabling the whole of these valuable elements to be returned to the land by either
hand labour or manure spreading machines, as a top dressing fertilizer, or hand
tillage.
The manure manufactured from the materials hereinbefore described, by the
process and means set forth in this Specification, is found by analysis of sample so
manufactured, to contain about as follows, in 100 parts, the sample being ground
sufficiently fine to pass a mesh of 60 by 60 to the square inch.
Moisture
*Organic matter -
10.00
34.13

page_text: earthenware vessels, and parts thereof, old shoes, bricks, stones, and the like
taken out to be destroyed or reduced by the boiler or destructor fire, or buried as
may be found best, the remaining parts not of a liquid or pasty character, may be
ground or mixed along with those that are of a liquid nature, so converting the
whole into a pasty or pulpy form resembling mortar, and capable of being passed
through a quarter inch mesh riddle, and containing from 40 to 50 per cent. of
moisture, this may be done either wholly by the machinery and process described,
in a Patent granted to the applicant, (dated June 1st 1889, No. 9087) or in like
manner by hand worked or stationary riddles, edge rollers, or disintegrators.
After it is prepared into this pasty or pulpy form by any known method,
the material is then in form for undergoing the process claimed by this invention,
which is to manufacture it into an innoxious, portable, fine dry dust manure.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1. Sheet 1 is a front elevation of a square drying machine with moveable
tables.
Fig. 2 Sheet 2 is an end elevation of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 Sheet 3 is a front elevation of a vertical circular drying machine, partly
shown in section.
Fig. 4 Sheet 4 is a plan view of an internal tray or storey in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 Sheet 5 is a front elevation of a separator (partly shown in section) in
combination with any ordinary form of pulverizer or disintegrator, such separator
having internal adjustable and elongating diaphragms.
Fig. 6 Sheet 6, shows two opposite end elevations of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 Sheet 7, is a front elevation of a store room machine, for storing, bagging
and weighing manure automatically.
Fig. 8 Sheet 8 is an end elevation of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9. Sheet 9, is a front elevation of a machine for purifying and condensing
steam and odorous vapours emitted during the process of drying the material.
Fig. 10 Sheet 10, is the second part of Fig. 9.
Fig. 11 Sheet 11, is an end elevation of Figs. 9 and 10.
Fig. 12 Sheet 4 is an enlarged end view of one of the radial cross arms, showing
fixed scrapers, and revolving brushes, and revolving shaft.
Fig. 13 Sheet 4 is a boss which carries the brush on the revolving shaft.
Fig. 14 Sheet 4 is a plan view of formation of brush.
Fig. 15 Sheet 4 shows a fixed metallic brush bolted behind a scraper.
Figs. 16. 17. 18 and 19 Sheet. 12 are front, end, and sectional elevations of
adjustable distending separator diaphragms.
Figs. 20 and 21 Sheet 13 are enlarged views of travelling table chains, with
automatic adjustable hinged surface tables.
Fig. 22 Sheet 13 is another method or arrangement of travelling table chain,
with loose hinged self-adjustable surface table.
Fig. 23 Sheet 13 is a plan of adjustable metallic perforated table, showing spring
ends of plates.
Figs 24 and 25 Sheet 13 shows method of passing purified vapours under the
boiler fire grates to cremate and force draught.
Fig. 26 Sheet 12 is an enlarged view of revolving cage with longitudinal buckets
Archimedean screw arms for drawing vapours into washing cage and condenser.
Figs. 27 and 28 show front and side elevations of automatic air valve for circular
dryer.
Figs. 29, 30 and 31 show plans of arrangement of internal girders, zigzag coil
pipe, and perforated plate.
Fig. 32 shows sections of perforated plate resting upon the coil and girders.
As the material to be operated upon by the machinery and process hereinafter

page_text: described, leaves my machine (Patent No. 908789 marked A Fig. 1, or when
ground, mixed and blended, by any other process into the required form, it falls
into an elevator boot marked B Fig. 2) it is then raised by elevator I. 1. (see Figs. 1
and 2) to the top of a drying machine, square in form, it's length, breadth, and
height being determined by the amount of service it may be required to perform.
This machine which may be encased with hollow iron or jacketted sides (into
which the used or exhaust steam and condensed water from the heating pipes in
each or alternate storeys may be driven, thus economizing the heat given off
internally from the heating pipes, by preventing it from being diminished by
outside atmospheric conditions, such condensed water being afterwards drawn off
by a steam trap placed in the machine base) contains a number of storeys 2 see
Fig. 2 placed one above another, each complete in itself which can be multiplied
as required, and which are divided into two or more sections 3. 4 and 5 see Fig. 2,
longitudinally on the material being delivered by the elevators I. I. of Figs. 1
and 2, it falls into a hopper 6 Fig. 2 on the top of the machine, containing a
revolving shaft 7 Figs. 1 and 2, with a double conical periphery 8 see Figs. 1 and 2
having thereon a right and left hand worm thread 9 Fig. 2, working outwardly
from the centre, this worm at once spreads the material equally over the full width
of the hopper 6, Fig. 2, and thus it passes on at one uniform thickness to the
travelling table 10 see Figs. 1 and 2, working immediately below ready to receive
it; the material being directed in its falls to the table by a guide plate 11 Fig. 1,
placed at an (these table are stretched tight by screws operating on the roller
bearings) acute angle.
These travelling tables 10 Figs. 1 and 2 are specially designed for this purpose
(as it is found by practice that to place such pasty or pulpy material direct on to
hot jacketted steam plates or trays, causes it to adhere to the heated surface of
such plates and bake itself fast, and so impedes the working of the machine itself,
and the process of drying, by preventing the material from coming into close
continual contact with the heated surface) are formed by two or more endless
chains 11 see Figs. 2, 20, 21 and 22 passing over two or more rollers 12, see
Figs. 1, 2, 13, and 20 in each section fixed at opposite ends of the machine, in each
storey or chamber, which said storeys or chambers may be divided into two or
more sections 3 4 and 5, see Fig. 2, having the same number of travelling tables
working in each section over rollers fixed on the same shafts at opposite ends of
each storey or chamber, the number of such storeys or chambers are such as may
be found to be required by the amount of work to be performed by the machine,
or the speed at which it may be run. The surface of the travelling endless table
may consist of bars or chains similar to Jukes furnace, or of a series of copper,
steel or zinc plates, fastened and hinged alternately crosswise on to endless chain
strands, being hinged together in such a manner that in passing over the rollers 10
Fig. 2, the moveable half of the hinged surface plate 13 Fig. 23, is acted upon by
a fixed radius 14 Fig. 20 and 15, Fig. 21, and a lever attached to the hinge 16
Fig. 20 and 17 Fig. 21, the plate end 18 Fig. 23 acting as a spring, and thus it
is transformed into a box edge, being automatically fixed in an upright position
and so held until replaced by a further automatic application of power in an
opposite direction, by its coming in contact with another fixed radius 15 Fig. 21.
The material is not allowed to dump off one travelling table on to the one
below, until it is well over the centre of the roller 12 Figs. 1 and 2, the table
may also be constructed by loose hinged surface plates 19 see Fig. 22, fastened to
the chain by which they are carried thus the material is prevented from falling
into the chain and clogging the working of the travelling tables. These hinged
or other travelling surface plates or bars which constitute the travelling tables 13
Fig. 23 and 19 Fig. 22 have perforations 20 Fig. 23, so as to allow the heat to
penetrate upwards into the material as it rides thereon.
The said material enters the machine at the top where the heat is greatest, and
as the material falls off one travelling table on to another, it is directed in its
descent by guide plates 21 Fig. 1, on to the one below working in an opposite

page_text: direction, this is done repeatedly according to the number of storeys until it arrives
at the bottom of the machine, when it falls into a conveyor 22 Figs. 1 and 2, and
is carried into another external elevator 23 Figs. 1 and 2, and is thus raised to
the top of the machine again and dropped into a second hopper 24 Fig. 2, similarly
constructed to the first one 6 Fig. 2 and so the material is passed through the
second section of the machine 4 Fig. 2, it is then passed through the third section 5
in the same manner, the third section being a duplicate of the second.
Between the two strands (top and bottom) of each endless travelling table
chain 10 Figs. 1 and 2, there is placed at a slight incline, lengthwise of the
machine, a pipe, worm, or coil 25 Fig. 1, which is carried from side to side
continuously, and from storey to storey, through each section from top to bottom
of the machine. This coil is charged with live steam, and gives off a great heat
which rises through the perforations of the travelling table surface plates or bars
and thus dries the material placed thereon.
While the material is riding on these travelling tables, it is operated upon by
a succession of revolving forks placed above the top strand 26 Fig. 1, or revolving
breakers on the top strand in the lower storeys 27. Figs. 1 and 2, so set as to
work the material slightly towards one side of the machine, and then the other.
These forks and breakers break up the material so that as it becomes hot, the steam
engendered therein (by the great heat to which it is exposed) is enabled to
escape therefrom, such steam being highly charged with ammoniacal or other
gases, is drawn away (as fast as it is liberated from the material) by an exhaust,
fan or pump, through an exhaust vapour pipe 28 Figs. 1 and 2, by which it is
driven direct into an upcast chamber or cooler 90 Figs. 9 and 10. The inner
sectional division plates 30, Fig. 2, having perforations therein to allow of the
steam being expeditiously drawn off. When the several travelling tables have
delivered their loads and are travelling back towards the receiving end again (face
downwards, as will be the case with the bottom strand) they are operated upon
by a revolving brush 31 Figs. 1 and 2, which cleans the surface and prepares it
for another load of material. This brush is made of steel or other fibre, and is
placed upon a hollow shaft having rows of holes 32 Fig. 2 bored through between
the bristles, so that the shaft is kept cool in its bearings, and a constant supply of
fresh air is admitted into the machine to replace that drawn away by the exhaust
fan or pump, through vapour pipe 28. Figs. 1 and 2.
This fan along with travelling tables revolving forks, breakers, conveyers, and
elevators, receive their motion from a main shaft placed in a suitable position, and
the power is then distributed throughout the machine by means of spur wheels 33
Fig. 2 and chain wheels 34 Fig. 2, with "Ewarts patent chain.' After the material
has passed through this machine (constructed with a sufficient number of storeys or
chambers to have reduced the moisture to about 20 per cent.) and is found to be
dried to the friable state, and consisting of mar! or soil, it then falls into a
conveyer 35 Figs. 1 and 2, which carries it to an elevator 36 Figs. 1 and 3, by
which it is lifted to the top of another drying machine, vertical and circular in
form, (see Fig. 3) wholly encased with iron hollow sides or shell 37 Fig. 4, (into
which the exhaust or spent steam and condensed water from each or alternate
trays or coils 38 Fig. 3 and 38A Fig. 30, may be driven, thus preventing the heat
given off internally from the trays or coils 38 Fig. 3, and 38A Fig. 30, being wasted
by the action of atmospheric influences on the outside shell or sides of the machine,
such condensed water being drawn off by a steam trap through pipe 39 Fig. 3, in
base of machine) and dome having a series of annular flat hollow steam jacketted
tables or perforated plates or trays, hereinafter described as trays 38 Fig. 3
and 38A Fig. 30 (in one or more parts) heated by steam or surface plates 38B
Fig. 31, having countersunk perforations therein, point upwards (as shown at
Fig. 32) resting on continuous circular or zigzag pipe coils 38A Fig. 30. For
supporting the coils 38A see Fig. 30 I employ suitable cross girders 38c see Fig. 29
secured in any suitable manner, to the shell of the machine, upon these girders the
said zigzag coils rest, and are preferably heated by steam, so as to allow the heat
B

page_text: to ascend into the material placed thereon which are found to be more suitable in
the top storeys than hollow steam jacketted trays.
The trays as shown at 38 Fig. 3 are made and arranged (alternately of two sizes
in diameter) with two sizes of apertures 40 Fig. 3 (also shown at Fig. 32 and
marked 40), in the centre for the upright shaft 41 Fig. 3 and the material to work
through. The larger sized plates or trays have the largest apertures in the centre,
and the material falls off these trays through these apertures on to the tray below.
This being one of the smallest trays with the smaller sized apertures in the centre
which is only large enough to allow the upright shaft 41 Fig. 3 to work freely
therein. The material in time falls off this tray on its outside circumference (on
to the tray below) in storeys one above another, with a door 42 Fig. 3 to each
storey for inspection and lubrication (the pressure of steam to be admitted into
these jacketted trays must be governed by a reducing pressure valve to prevent
explosions). These storeys may be multiplied as found requisite to accomplish the
further drying of the material to 10 per cent. of moisture which is the standard of
dryness required by this process to enable the material to be reduced to a fine dust
by any ordinary and suitable form of pulverizer or disintegrator...
The material is now dropped from the elevator top 36 Figs. 1 and 3, and equally
distributed by two spouts 43 Fig. 3, on to the outward surface circumference of the
top storey hot plate or steam jacketted tray 38. Fig. 3. (this first plate or tray
being one with a large aperture 40. Fig. 3. in the centre and fitting on its outside
circumference) close up to the machine side or shell, in that semi-dry state in which
it left the first drying machine and containing now about 20 per cent. of moisture, the
material is now in a fit state to be dealt with on these steam heated trays, without
its adhereing and baking thereto, thus allowing the machine to work easier and
more effectively. An upright shaft 41. Fig. 3. works in the centre of the machine
(this shaft may be made like an ordinary boring bar with a deep recessed slot cut
therein on one side and a riding key longitudinally on the other, in this slot works
a screw which may be operated by hand, in the dome of the machine by a wheel
keyed on the end of the screw at the shaft top marked 41A see Fig. 3) passing
through the centre of all the heated trays 38. Fig. 3. in every storey, receiving its
motion from a counter shaft and bevel wheels 44. see Fig. 3. in the base of the
machine; on to this shaft 41. Fig. 3, in each storey there is bolted horizontal cross
radial arms 45. see Figs. 3. 4 and 12 at quarter centres.
These radial arms are bolted to the upright shaft 41. Fig. 3. (and are held in
position on the upright shaft by the longitudinal riding key and have each a stud
nut which travels in the slot along with the. cross radial arms up and down the
shaft when the screw 41A Fig. 3. is turned, thus bringing the plough scrapers,
breakers and brushes nearer to the tray faces or otherwise as desired) and extend
outwards towards the shell of the machine. The cross radial arms in the top
storey are each and all provided with fixed adjustable guide plates or plough
shaped scrapers 46. Fig 3. set at such an angle to the circumference as will propel
the material by easy stages in the form of a volute spring from circumference to
centre thereof, or vice versa, and ultimately dropping it through the aperture 40.
Fig. 3 in the centre of the tray on to the tray below.
The guide plates or scrapers 46. Fig. 3. on the cross radial arms in the top
storey, have metallic brushes bolted behind them in the inner circle Fig. 15. while
in the outer circles the brushes may trail behind like anchors, held to the cross
radial arms by springs which may be acted upon by a screw, so as to cause the
brushes to press heavy or light upon the tray as may be required, and will be
readily understood. These brushes are set at the same angle as the fixed guide
plates or scrapers on the cross radial arms 45 and 46. see Figs. 3. and 4, for the
lower storeys the four cross radial arms are alternately provided with (at alternate
ends thereof) stud pinion or friction wheels 47. Figs. 3. 4 and 12 which derive their
motion from a toothed or friction segment 48. Figs. 3 and 4, fastened around the
inside shell of the machine, or from a bell wheel 49. Fig. 3, fixed in the centre of
the machine around the upright shaft 41. Fig. 3. hanging down from and fastened

page_text: up to the beams carrying the trays in the storey above. These pinion wheels give
motion to a pair of small bevel wheels 50. Figs. 3 and 12, which turn a short
horizontal shaft 51. Figs. 3. 4. and 12. (these shafts may run in hollow self-
lubricating bearings or ball bearings, or bearings lined with such material as
experience may prove best, either lignum vitæ, metal or other substance) on which
are fastened a number of bosses Fig. 13. to each of which are fastened by a screw,
three or four metallic brushes Fig. 14 which revolve immediately behind the guide
plates or scrapers 46. Fig. 3.
These horizontal shafts 51. Figs. 3. 4. and 12 are held in position by and on the
same cross radial arms that carry the guide plates or scrapers 46. Fig. 3, as the
scrapers propel the material sideways, the revolving metallic brush Figs. 13 and 14
cleans the surface of the tray, and prepares it for the reception of fresh material
which is spread thereon by the action of the next and alternate cross radial arms,
which carry a number of revolving spreading forks, flyers, or breakers, 52 see
Figs. 3 and 4, these spreading forks or flyers are driven from the before mentioned
toothed or friction segment 48, or bell wheel 49. Fig. 3, and spur pinion wheels or
friction wheels 47. Figs. 3. and 4, or by a "Ewarts patent chain" in conjunction
with spur pinion wheels and chain wheels, these revolving spreading forks or
breakers are continually spreading and breaking up the material, and so helping
the steam to escape from the material to be drawn away by the exhaust, fan or
pump, through vapour pipe 53. Fig. 3. which is attached to every storey, and by
which it is driven direct into an upcast chamber of cooler 90. Fig. 9. The air
thus drawn is replaced through the base of the machine, and through apertures in
the machine shell, having automatic adjustable balanced doors or air valves 42A
therein, shown at Figs. 27 and 28, as will be readily understood, by this
arrangement the material to be operated upon can be passed through the machine
at one uniform thickness and speed, until it reaches the bottom tray (see plan
Fig. 4.) which has one side of its circumference 54. Fig. 4. cut off, so as to allow of
the material being worked off (by the scrapers 46. Fig. 3.) into a conveyor in the
base of the machine 54 and 54A. Figs. 3. and 4, which carries it out of the machine
and into another elevator 55. Fig. 5. which lifts it up and drops it into a hopper 56.
Fig. 5. which contains a double conical spreading shaft having a right and left
hand screw thread 57. Figs. 5 and 6. thereon, working outwardly from the centre,
this spreads the material over the whole width of the hopper, it then passes
between two nipping rollers with yielding spring bearings 58. Figs. 5 and 6. and
then forwards on to a fluted feed roller 59. Figs. 5 and 6, the grooves being cut
longitudinally thereon; by this arrangement the material is allowed to slide down
an acute inclined shoot 60. Fig. 5. at a regular width and thickness, as the material
is sliding down this incline shoot 60, Fig. 5 it is operated upon by a succession of
magnets 61. Figs. 5 and 6, travelling in the same direction with their points in the
material. These are carried over two opposite rollers 62. Fig. 5 (one of which
works in a loose bearing operated upon by a screw for tightening chains, and
placed one above another at the same incline as the shoot 60 Fig. 5. upon which the
material slides) fixed on cross bars 63. Fig. 6. carried by chains 64. Fig. 6; upon
the magnets passing around the bottom roller, after having passed through the
material, it is operated upon by a revolving brush 65. Figs. 5 and 6. made of
suitable fibre, which sweeps off the small particles of iron adhering to the magnets
and deposits them in a drawer 66. Fig. 5. (the larger portions of iron which are not
removed by the magnets fall by gravitation through the air current 68. Fig. 5.
into another drawer 66A, and are so prevented going through the pulverizer) thus
preparing the magnets for meeting the material again at the top of the incline
shoct 60. Fig. 5. After the material has passed by the magnets and is proceeding
downwards (towards the pulverizer) along this incline shoot 60. Fig. 5. which leads
it into the separators Figs. 5 and 6. it meets a strong current of air which (is
created by a fan 67. Figs. 5 and 6. attached behind the inclined shoot 60. Fig. 5)
escapes through a narrow slit 68. Fig. 5. the full width of the face of the incline
shoot 65, this current of air is used for winowing or separating the material in the

page_text: separator Figs. 5 and 6, and can be regulated by varying the speed of the fan 67.
Figs. 5 and 6, this is done by the strap which drives the fan 67, (working over two
conical drums set opposite to each other in reverse attitudes) and being moved to
and fro thereon, and governed by adjustable strap guides which may be regulated
by wind pressure, as will be readily understood.
This separator Figs. 5 and 6. has doors at each end to admit attendant for
cleaning and lubricating purposes.
The material is thus blown forwards into a series of three chambers or
divisions 69 and 69A. 69B. see Fig. 5. having V shaped hopper bottoms with spouts
attached 70. 70A and 70B. see Fig. 5. leading direct into two suitable pulverizers
or disentegrators 71. 71A see Fig. 5. and elevator 72. Fig. 5.
The farthest two of these V shaped hopper bottomed chambers or divisions from
the shoot 60. Fig. 5. contains one adjustable diapharagm 73 and 73A see Fig. 5. in
each division, which can be adjusted to any degree out of the perpendicular that
may be required, or they may be lengthened or shortened when required as shown
at Figs. 16, 17, 18, and 19; as it may be required to obtain the particular degree
of fineness of material desired or strength of feed to the first and second
pulverizer 71 and 71A. Fig. 5: or disentegrators into which the coaser portions of
the material now (the division farthest from the incline shoot 60. Fig. 5. is
connected with a shoot 70B. Fig. 5. to elevator 72. Fig. 5. which carries off the
finished material to the store room) falls direct, and is pulverized or disentegrated
into a finer form, it then falls into a conveyor 74. Fig. 5, working underneath the
two pulverizing machines which takes it again to the elevator 55. Fig. 5. which
raised it before to the hopper 56. Fig. 5 attached to separator Figs. 5 an 6. through
which it again passes as before, and if it has not been ground fine enough it now
falls behind the first adjustable diaphragm 73. Fig. 5. and is directed down the
spout 70A Fig. 5. under the second V shaped bottomed chamber 69A. Fig. 5. into
a second fine grinding pulverizer 71A. to be further reduced, it then falls into
conveyor 74. Fig. 5. and forward into elevator 55. and again into hopper 56. Fig. 5,
again passing through the separator Figs. 5 and 6, it is now blown behind the
second adjustable diaphragm 73A. Fig. 5. and is directed down the spout 70B.
Fig. 5. under the third V shaped hopper bottomed chamber leading into elevator 72.
which now raises it up to the top of the store room machine Figs. 7 and 8, which
is constructed of wood with strong timber frames, this store room is of large
holding capacity. The material falls from the elevator top 72. Fig. 7. down a
moveable spout 75. Fig. 7. on to a wide endless leather or other flexible fibre, belt,
or chain travelling table, working on pulleys or chain wheels passing through or
under a moveable hopper 76. Figs. 7 and 8, this hopper carries the pulleys or chain
wheels along with it as it works on parallel slides 77. Figs. 7 and 8. operated
backwards and forwards by a screw with a reversible motion effected by the
hopper 76. Figs. 7 and 8. pushing a carrier bar at each end of its travel acting on a
lever (tumbler weighted) and reversing toothed clutch box and bevel wheels on the
screw shaft; the movement of the hopper 76. Figs. 7 and 8. carries the belt or
travelling chain table with it from side to side of the machine, the material is led
into the hopper by a spout with a fixed radial motion. The belt carries the
material and delivers it uniformly over the holding capacity of the store room
Figs. 7 and 8. while the roller 78. Fig. 7. over which the belt delivers its load, has
a travelling motion, which it receives from a spur wheel keyed on to its axis
working in a toothed longitudinal radial ended slot 79. Fig. 7, which causes the
roller 78. to travel from one end of the machine to the other, these motions are all
automatic in their actions, the machine having an arrangement 80. attached thereto,
by which the belt is enabled to elongate or contract its delivering action as the
delivery roller 78. travels over the length of the machine. The hopper shaped
bottom of the store room machine is provided with a conveyor 81 at the bottom of
each hopper section, working horizontally and longitudinally with the V shaped
hopper bottom, above this conveyor are automatic forks 82 working on fixed
centres carried off the conveyor box edge, and moved backwards and forwards by a

page_text: cam motion 83. working on the conveyor worm shaft; this fork motion agitates
and brings the material down into the conveyor box 81. When it is required to
draw the material out of the store room a bag is placed upon the automatic
weighing machine 84. (having an adjustable rising table on a spiral screw 85, placed
in the centre of the weighing machine table for accomodating different sized bags)
underneath the conveyor delivery spout 81. This conveyer is set in motion and
the material withdrawn thereby from the store room by applying a catch 86.
(which is connected to the strap guide by levers and connecting rod having a pull
off balance weight) to another sliding bar catch point which is connected to the
weighing machine table by levers and rod with a tumbler weight attached and so
arranged that when the bag has received therein as much material as is equivalent
in weight to the weights on the scale beam, the scale beam rises, the table falls and
the slide bar catch point is sufficiently removed by the tumbler weight to liberate
the catch 86, and the balance weight attached thereto removes the strap on to the
loose pulley, and so the motion of the conveyer is arrested until the bag is replaced
by another.
The steam which is drawn off the material in the process of drying, and the
smoke from the cupola or destructor engaged in reducing useless material, or from
the boiler fires when fed by the fuel riddled off by machine as described in Patent
No. 9087, such fuel 1 find when riddled off ordinary domestic coal ashes and
refuse is sufficient in quantity and quality (when it has passed through a two inch
mesh riddle and over a of an inch mesh), to provide (with sufficient boilers fed
by automatic stokers) not only steam enough to furnish the requiste power and
heat required by the process including sulphate of ammonia plant, (but also power
which might be utilized to drive a dynamo for generating electricity to light up
the works and other offices) being largely composed of material highly charged
with ammonia, sulphur and other noxious vapours, which are released by burning
and drying, such refuse may all be drawn away by a fan, in combination or
separately and forced into a vertical cooler or condenser Figs. 9, 10 and 11, which
are drawn to an approximate scale, when the machinery set forth in this Specifi-
cation, in connection with this process is not working, this cooler and condenser
will also be standing, and the smoke from the boiler fires will proceed direct into the
chimney stack, the lever which sets the cooler machinery and pumps in motion, by
means of a strap from the main shaft, also opens and shuts alternate dampers in
boiler flues, it also opens and shuts the water valve, which supplies perforated pipes
and washing cage at the same operation, having at its base a water tank 87, in this
tank bottom which is V shaped a conveyer 88 is placed coupled up to a short
elevator 89, working at a very slow speed on the outside of the cooler, this elevator
brings out the sediment formed by the light carbonized material, which proceeds
from the boiler fire along with the smoke into a vertical upcast chamber of the
cooler 90; this chamber may contain a series of hollow tue iron baffle plates 91. or
hollow diaphragms, so placed as to cause the vapours and smoke to follow a
tortuous or devious course through sprays of water, which is forced through
perforated pipes 92, so placed as to cover all the space of travel so that these
sprays of water precipitate all light carbonized matter into the water tank 87.
The water thus received in this tank (after the sediment is recovered by worm 88
and elevator 89) is lifted by a pump 93, attached to the outside of the cooler, into
a cistern in the top of the cooler 94, and so feeds the perforated pipes 92, tue
iron baffle plates 91, revolving washer cage cistern 98, and the perforations in the
tank bottom 94, the steam or vapour is now drawn or forced through a hollow
pipe 95. Figs. 9 and 26. into a revolving washer cage 96 having a number of
longitudinal buckets 97. on its outside periphery, working in a cistern or vessel 98,
holding water at a regulated level fed by the perforations in the bottom of the
cistern above 94, these buckets lift the water up and dash it through the revolving
washer cage wires, and so washes the smoke and steam of all light carbonized
impurities. As the vapours are passing out of the cage into the down cast

page_text: chamber 101, they are assisted by the arms which carry this cage on the shaft 99.
Fig. 26, being formed like an Archimedean screw, they act like a fan and draw in
and impel the steam forwards out of the cage (along with a supply of natural
atmospheric air admitted through pipe 100 see Figs. 9 and 26) into the downcast
chamber of the cooler 101, this chamber may contain a number of wooden grids
like any ordinary gas scrubber, or it may have a number of pipes passed through,
either horizontally, diagonally, or vertically, by which condensation may be assisted
by the atmospheric air passing through and keeping them cool; this vapour which
is now highly charged with free or volatile ammonia, is then passed through a
series of outside hollow atmospheric cooling pipes 102, and then reenters cooler 103.
Fig. 10. underneath the cold water condenser 104, through which it is next
conducted in pipes surrounded with cold water, which have an internal air pipe 105,
with open ends below and above the condensor, which admits cold atmospheric air
to pass up and through the condensor and so helps to condense the vapours, this
condensor 104 is filled with cold water, the supply of which is regulated by the
automatic ball valve 106, this water is next drawn automatically into the
economizer 107, by pipe 108, (operated by ball valve 109 within a suitable
cistern 109A) and inlet 109B, the water by this means is kept at one uniform level.
This economizer consists of a vertical chamber or vessel with a pipe 107A attached
to the top plate, to allow the steam engendered by the heat to be drawn off into
the upcast shaft of condensor, entering above the baffle plates.
Up the centre of the economizer from the bottom plate there are preferably one
or more large pipes 110A through which the smoke from the boiler passes on its
way to the condensor upcast shaft, this smoke gives off a great heat to the pipe
which being wholly submerged in water heats the water and so acts as economizer
or superheater for feeding the boiler. The cistern 87. Fig. 9. from which the
water is pumped into cistern 94 at the top of machine for the purpose of washing
vapour, is fed from the economizer by pipe 110 through ball valve 111, this water
will become a strong liquor as it is used over and over again, its only way of
diminishing its volume being evaporation, (except it is found necessary to draw it
off occasionally when its strength has risen to 5° Twaddle into carboys through
pipe provided for the purpose) the distillation derived by cooling the vapours in
the cooling and condensing pipes 102 and 104, is drawn off by pipe 112, into
carboys 113, or any suitable receptacle.
This distillation and the water from the washer tank is now a strong ammoniacal
liquor, which may be dealt with by any ordinary form of sulphate of ammonia plant,
and the salts of ammonia recovered, which may be added to the manure or other-
wise dealt with. The clarified vapour is now drawn out of the condensor by the
fan 114, and by which it may now be driven, should there still be any volatile or
free ammonia therein, through a number of cold water syphons in a washer tank,
with sufficient head pressure (this head pressure may be varied by a moveable dip
nozzle, worked by a screw or wind pressure) to ensure that the vapours are
thoroughly washed, and that the natural affinity of ammonia for water may have
full scope to exercise its preference, or it may be driven direct into the chimney
stack 115, or taken by a pipe 116. Figs. 10, 24, and 25, and passed under the
grates of the boiler fire, and the remaining fumes if any thus further burnt, while
at the same time creating a forced draught to the boiler fire.
The whole of these elevators, shafts, conveyors, pulverizers, separators, store
room machine, delivery worms, pumps and fans, may be connected by belts and
driven from any available main shaft, as will be readily understood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination and arrangement of machinery for drying, pulverizing and
separating into fine dry manure (bagging and weighing) all forms of refuse and
excremental matter which have been ground together previously by mechanical

page_text: power or by manual labour, mixed and riddled into or be naturally of a pasty or
pulpy character, substantially as shown and described.
2. The combination of machinery for drying compounds of refuse and excremental
matter, in conjunction with machinery for washing, purifying, cooling and con-
densing vapours and steam, emitted from the said compound during manufacture,
and purifying the smoke produced by burning the refuse, and obtaining thereby a
strong liquor in the manner as shown and described.
3. The process of manufacturing a compound of all forms of town's refuse and
domestic coal ashes, which may have been mixed or ground together previously, in
combination with excreta and urine, absorbing the liquid element by the use of
gypsum, peat moss or other similar absorbent, and deodorizing the compound by
the use of sulphuric acid or other similar deodorizer, then drying, pulverizing and
separating the same into fine dust manure, substantially as shown and described.
4. The general arrangement and construction of my square drying machine in
one or more longitudinal divisions, and in one or more storeys as found to be
required, in combination with hollow jacketted sides or shell, for reception of spent
steam and condensed water to be drawn off by a steam trap, thus diminishing
atmospheric influence and economizing heat within the machine, substantially as
shown and described.
5. The construction of a square drying machine with a hopper having a shaft
therein with a double conical periphery, with a right and left hand thread thereon,
for self-feeding and spreading of the material, (assisted by guide plates set at acute
angles) on to a endless travelling table, working around shafts set at opposite ends
of the machine storeys, with screws for tightening the table, substantially as shown
and described.
6. The construction of a endless travelling table on two or more chains, working
over opposite shafts, with a surface formed of a series of perforated plates,
fastened on to the chain cross-wise, hinged singly to the chain strands, and banging
loose from one edge, or hinged alternately to plates bolted to the chain strands,
the loose portion being formed with spring ends and stud lever, so as to be operated
upon by a fixed radius, and thereby transformed into box edges to the fast plate
on the chain strand, when it is in the act of passing around the roller shaft, and
reversible in like manner, substantially as shown and described.
7. The construction and combination of a square drying machine, with endless
travelling tables working therein having coils of steam pipes in zigzag form placed
between the strands under the perforated surface plates, with revolving breakers
for liberating the steam contained in the material as it rides on the table, and
revolving metallic brushes with hollow perforated shaft for keeping the necks
cool, for cleaning the surface of travelling table, and supplying atmospheric air to
the machine, which air is drawn away by exhaust, fan, and passed to washing and
cooling machine, substantially as shown and described.
8. The construction and combination of a vertical circular drying machine built
up in a series of storeys or chambers in duplicate, having a top for keeping in the
heat, and double cased hollow iron sides or shell, into which the spent steam and
condensed water may be driven, and afterwards drawn away by a steam trap in
base of machine, substantially as shown and described.
9. The combination of a vertical circular drying machine built up in storeys with
an upright shaft in the centre, passing through every storey, having in every storey
cross radial arms bolted thereon, carrying on alternate arms a number of fixed
adjustable scrapers and revolving brushes or rotating breakers for cleaning the
surface of the heated trays, propelling the material forward or breaking the
material up and so liberating the steam contained therein, to be drawn away by
the exhaust, fan, and passed to the washing and cooling machine, substantially as
shown and described.
10. In machinery for drying and heating manure, the employment of heated
hollow plates in combination with revolving scrapers, substantially as shown and
described.

page_text: 11. For drying manure the construction of steam heated hollow jacketted plates
or perforated trays (on zigzag coils of steam piping) of different diameters, one set
of plates or trays having larger apertures in the centre than the other, through
which the shaft works, and the material drops after having travelled from circum-
ference to centre, whilst the other set are so arranged as to permit only the shaft
to pass freely through the centre, while the material drops over the outer edge,
after having passed from centre to circumference, substantially as shown and
described.
12. In machinery for drying and treating manure, the employment of scrapers or
distributors composed of metallic plates or wire bristles, for the purposes shown and
described.
13. The combination and arrangement of cross radial arms, (with raising screw
adjustment) carrying fixed adjustable plough shaped scrapers and revolving metallic
brushes, (for cleaning the surface of the tray immediately the scraper has plouged
the material sideways into furrows, and rotating breakers on the next arm to spread
the material again from the furrows to an even surface) deriving the motion from a
bell wheel or segment on the inside shell of the machine, substantially as shown
and described.
14. The general arrangement of a circular drying machine built up in storeys or
chambers, in combination with exhaust pipes attached to each storey or chamber,
operated by an exhaust fan, for extracting steam evaporations expeditiously, thus
assisting the drying operations, and the replacing of atmospheric air into the
drying machine, by automatic air valves, worked by wind pressure, substantially
as shown and described.
15. The arrangement of machinery for extracting small particles of iron from
the material, by means of magnets, mounted upon endless chains, travelling over
opposite rollers, parallel with an incline shoot, down which the material slides,
being uniformly fed from a hopper, having a spreading, crushing and feeding
arrangement therein, consisting of a shaft with a double conical periphery, having
thereon a right and left hand thread, which spreads the material uniformly on to a
pair of crushing rollers with yielding bearings revolving immediately below, the
material is then fed by a fluted roller in regular and uniform quantities on to the
incline shoot, substantially as shown and described.
16. The combination and arrangement of machinery for extracting small particles
of iron from the material, by means of magnets with machinery operated upon by
a fan of variable wind power, assisted by adjustable distending diaphragms, by
which the material is separated into different degrees of fineness, the finer proceeds
direct into bag or store room, while the coaser is separated into two sizes, and
conducted by the diaphragms into pulverizers or disentegrators, to be further
reduced, thus minimising the work of these machines by first sorting the material
to be operated upon, into a suitable form to their several capacities, substantially
as shown and described.
17. The general arrangement and combination of the store room with automatic
uniform self-feeding reversible distending arrangement, and automatic mechanical
delivery stop motion, with automatic weighing machine, having a screw rising
table and cam motion agitators, built and constructed in duplicate compartments,
substantially as shown and described.
18. The general arrangement and combination of machinery consisting of pump,
cisterns, conveyor, elevator, revolving washer cage, atmospheric air admittance
pipe, atmospheric air condensing pipes, perforated spray pipes, perforated cistern,
baffle tue iron plates, fan, cold water condensor, economizer for boiler, liquor
cistern, distillation syphon, scrubber chamber, upcast chamber, automatic water
feed ball valves throughout, as used for the purpose of purifying and condensing
vapours, steam, and smoke emitted from and created by drying manure, and burning
refuse, substantially as shown and described.
19. The combination and arrangement of machinery for drying, pulverizing,
separating, bagging and weighing such material, and the production therefrom of

page_text: fine dust manure in a dry, portable and innoxious form, along with machinery for
purifying all noxious vapours, steam and smoke emitted or created by the process
of manufacturing such material into manure, substantially as shown and described.
Dated this Twentieth day of March 1893.
JOHN E. WALSH,
Crossley Street, Halifax, Patent Agent for the Applicant.