matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF PLATE GLASS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gwilliam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1861.
I, GEORGE GWILLIAM, of the Savoy, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Secretary to the Thames Plate Glass Company, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR
PRODUCTION OF PLATE GLASS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar system or mode of treating plate glass
after it has been cast, and whilst on the casting table, or before it is finally
placed in the oven, for the purpose of removing the irregularities left on the
surface of the plate after the ordinary roller or rollers has or have been passed
over it.
According to this Invention I propose to rub smooth or flatten the upper
surface of the newly cast plate by passing to and fro over the same a suitable
rubber.composed of a bar of wood, metal, or other suitable material, a long
handle being fitted to such rubber for the purpose of facilitating the working
or operating of the same by the attendant workmen. The effect of this
rubbing operation is to remove the corrugations which have hitherto formed
on the surface of the plate by the contraction of the glass after the passage of
the roller, the plate being left with a much more even surface than heretofore,
and consequently requires less subsequent grinding; hence a saving of both
labour and material is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS OR CASES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philipp Schäfer and Frederick
Schäfer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 19th June 1861.
We, PHILIPP SCHÄFER and FREDERICK SCHÄFER, of Golden Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Travelling Bag Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS OR CASES,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in arranging travelling bags or cases, thus :-We fix
to a foundation plate, the length and breadth of the case, an upright central
frame, which we leave hollow or fit with any usual bag or case fittings, then
to the outside of the foundation plate on each side we hinge a case, the bottom
of which when closed lies upon the foundation plate, and the inner frame of
which fits into or lies against the central frame. The cases of each side have
only one capacity, or they are divided according to requirement; on one side
for instance, we provide a space for holding clothes, and above it, that is in
the upper part of the case, we form a dressing case, and fit it with a separate
lock, while on the opposite side the case is formed to contain at bottom writing
materials, and at top we form a separate compartment for containing cigars
and other articles; this upper compartment is furnished with a separate lock,
and each side case complete is fitted with a lock, both locks fastening into the
central upright frame.
MACHINERY FOR CEMENTING THE POINTS OF ENVELOPES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rest Fenner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th December 1861.
I, REST FENNER, of 7, Red Lion Court, Fleet St., London, Envelope
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MACHINERY
FOR CEMENTING THE POINTS OF ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the application of machinery to cementing the
points of envelopes. A series of rollers and endless bands being applied to a
pile of envelope blanks, they are thereby fanned out and at a suitable time
the cement is applied by means of a cementer; the envelope blanks are then
furthur carried on and dried by passing over or under or between heated
plates; the envelope blanks are then stacked up in a pile.
AN IMPROVED SPRING DOOR SHUTTER WITH A MOVEABLE LEVER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Rolland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th November
1861.
I, LOUIS ROLLAND, of No. 306, Quai Jemmapes, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SPRING DOOR SHUTTER WITH A MOVEABLE LEVER," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists in setting a stiff metallic wire along the frame of
doors a little behind and parallel to the line of hinges, and extending about
the whole height of said doors; the upper end of the wire is pinched in a
little socket fixed to the frame, while the lower end running freely in another
guiding socket is pinched below by a small cap carrying a hinged lever, which
lever can be brought at pleasure in a horizontal or vertical position; in the
first case, bearing against the door it shuts it by the springy action of the wire;
in the second case, standing up against the frame it has no action on the door,
which can remain open or be shut by hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Warwick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1861.
I, THOMAS WARWICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS
FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object more simple and effective arrangements of
apparatus for regulating the supply of steam or other fluid to steam or other
motive-power engines than heretofore. For this purpose an axis mounted in.
bearings is caused to rotate by suitable mechanism in connection with the
steam or other motive-power engine; to this axis a weighted lever is jointed
so as to rotate therewith, and to the other arm of this lever a rod is jointed.
which connects the lever with a collar or slide which slides upon the axis, and
rotates therewith. A projection on this collar or slide carries a friction roller,
which, as the axis rotates, acts alternately upon two inclines carried by rods
which are connected to the throttle or other valve which acts to supply or cut
off the steam or other fluid employed to give motion to the engine. As the
speed of the engine varies the collar or slide on the axis will move (by the
centrifugal action of the weighted lever) so as to act alternately on the inclines
to partially open or cut off the supply of steam or other fluid. In place of the
arrangement just described the slide upon the rotating axis may be formed
with suitable inclines or curved projections to act on and between friction
rollers carried by the sliding rods in connection with the supply valve.

page_text: When applying my improvements in governors to marine or other engines
or machines which are not permanently fixed, in place of using the weighted
lever before alluded to, I employ two arms or vanes suitably mounted, and
adjusted angularly with the perpendicular shaft; these arms or vanes rotate
in a suitable vessel containing water or other fluid in which they are immersed,
the action of the arms or vanes in the water or other liquid causes the roller to
rise or fall according to the speed at which the shaft rotates, and acts upon
the throttle or other valves, as before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR HOLDING & SUPPLYING CAPS TO THE NIPPLES OF RIPLES & OTHER FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Soller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1861.
I, JOHN HENRY SOLLER, of St. John Street Road, in the County of Middle-
sex, Watchmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR HOLDING & SUPPLYING CAPS TO THE NIPPLES OF
RIPLES & OTHER FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
I construct a flat box adapted to hold a number of percussion caps, which
are all introduced in one position, and though loose and free to move about in
it, cannot become inverted, which is usual in such boxes. It is tapered and
constructed at one end, where they are delivered, so that only one can pass out
at a time; at the orifice are two spring pieces, which embrace the body of
the cap, and grip it slightly, the one curling round so as to prevent the cap
moving beyond it in a direct line; this extremity of the case also takes some-
what the same form, being semi-cylindrical & having an opening at the side
for the cap to pass out; suitable slots are formed in it for the passage of the
flanch of the cap. An opening is made in the flat side at the exit passage,
for the entrance of the nipple in the direction of the axis of the cap, which
opening unites by a suitable slot with that before mentioned for the passage
the cap, which permits the cap to pass out on the nipple; this it does in a
direction at right angles to that in which it passed from the box to the position
it takes in readiness-for-capping-between the spring pieces:-
The box is first shaken, so as to throw down a cap between the spring

page_text: pieces, but which is caught by the bent one, & cannot emerge by such motion,
but is held in position for placing it on the nipple, of the gun, which is done
while still holding the box in, the hand; it is disengaged by a suitable motion
thereof, drawing the cap out in a line at right angles, or nearly so, to that in
which it just emerges from the body of the case. The great object of this
arrangement of parts is to ensure the cap arriving with certainty at a suitable
position for placing on the nipple without the chance of its passing beyond
that position or escaping altogether. A hole may be made in the opposite
side to the nipple entrance hole, to show when a cap is in position. An
opening with a suitable cover is made in the side of the box for the intro-
duction of the caps. Instead of the curved part holding the cap for delivery
before mentioned being a spring, it may be rigid & form a part of the box,
one spring only being used.
IMPROVED MEANS OF APPARATUS FOR SECURING WATCHES, AND PREVENTING THE SURREPTITIOUS ABSTRACTION OF SUCH ARTICLES FROM THE POCKETS OR OTHER PARTS OF THE DRESS OF THE WEARER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moritz Orenstein at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1861.
I, MORITZ ORENSTEIN, of the firm of Elphee and Orenstein, of Jewry Street,
Aldgate, in the City of London, Wholesale Jewellers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF APPARATUS FOR SECURING
WATCHES, AND PREVENTING THE SURREPTITIOUS ABSTRACTION OF SUCH ARTICLES
FROM THE POCKETS OR OTHER PARTS OF THE DRESS OF THE WEARER," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improved means or apparatus for securing watches, and
preventing the abstraction of such articles from the pockets or other parts of the
dress of the wearers, consists in enclosing the watch within a circular metal rim,
band, or case, which is provided with a steel or other strong metal guard chain,
whereby the watch may be secured or attached to any portion of the dress.
This metal band or rim is divided, so that it may be adapted to the watch and
removed therefrom with facility when not required; and it is provided with a
screw, stud, or other fastening, whereby the rim when placed round the watch
may be secured thereon. This band or rim is made elastic, and the fastenings
are so arranged that the circumference of the rim or band may be lengthened
or shortened according to the variation in the size of the watch to which it
may be applied.
Instead of a simple rim or band of steel, a kind of skeleton case to receive

page_text: the watch may be employed, and the guard chain secured thereto. When
this arrangement is adopted, the skeleton case must, of course, be made to fit
the watch, whereas when a simple elastic spring, rim, or band is used, it
may be made to fit watches of different sizes within certain limits.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER OR COMMUNICATING MOTION TO MACHINERY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Culverwell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1861.
I, ROBERT CULVERWELL, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon, Baker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER OR COMMUNICATING MOTION TO MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improved apparatus for obtaining motive power or com-
municating motion to machinery consists of certain novel arrangements of
gearing, whereby various descriptions of machinery may be driven or actuated.
My Invention is particularly applicable for actuating the mechanism of
clocks, and one form of apparatus, whereby the desired object may be effected,
consists of a pair of toothed wheels provided with internal and external teeth.
A pair of pinions mounted on a driving shaft gear into the internal teeth of
these wheels, and drive the same, and by means of the external teeth of the
same wheels communicate motion to another pair of pinions on a second shaft,
on the centre of which is a toothed wheel which gears into and drives a similar
toothed wheel mounted on the central part of the first or driving shaft.
Another arrangement of gearing consists of a pair of toothed or worm wheels
which are made to gear into the threads of a vertical screw shaft, which is sus-
pended between them. The weight of this vertical screw shaft by bearing
upon the inclined teeth of the wheels will cause these wheels to rotate, and

page_text: thereby actuate a pair of pinions above, on the ends of the shafts or spindles
of which are a pair of worm wheels which gear into the threads of the long
vertical shaft, and by their rotation assist in supporting the same, or in lifting
it after it has by its weight caused the two large toothed wheels to rotate.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BATHS AND TRAYS, AND OTHER VESSELS FOR PHOTO- GRAPHIC PURPOSES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF GALVANIC BATTERY AND OTHER GALVANIC CHAMBERS OR CELLS, AND OTHER VESSELS TO CONTAIN CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Knight at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1861.
I, JAMES KNIGHT, of No. 8. Crown Court, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BATHS AND TRAYS, AND OTHER VESSELS FOR PHOTO-
GRAPHIC PURPOSES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF GALVANIC BATTERY AND OTHER GALVANIC CHAMBERS OR CELLS, AND
OTHER VESSELS TO CONTAIN CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS," to be as follows:-
Baths, trays, and other vessels for photographic uses, as also for galvanic
battery and other galvanic chambers or cells and vessels for other chemical
solutions, are now commonly made of gutta percha. But in addition to the
cost of the material, vessels made entirely of such material are very liable
to leak at the joints and elsewhere, and my improvements consist in forming
such vessels of a comparatively thin lining of gutta percha or india-rubber, or
compounds thereof, and then coating the same with layers of paper or other
fabric or material united together by means of solutions of india-rubber, gutta
percha, shellac, or other suitable adhesive material.
By these means economy of manufacture and increased strength and
durability are obtained.
IMPROVED MEANS OF CATCHING FLIES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Raoul Bernard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1861.
I, RAOUL BERNARD, of Bordeaux, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF
CATCHING FLIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention when out of use has the appearance of an ordinary upright
candlestick with a cup and cover on the top. In the interior of the tube or
cylinder rods of metal wire are placed with their lower ends resting on or
fixed to a disc, which is caused to ascend or descend by means of an ordinary
rack and pinion (or a slide contrivance). To work the apparatus I first
charge the cup or vase with liquid or substance to entice the flies, I then turn
the button of the pinion (or push up the slide), the rods rise, passing through
both vase and cover and assume a sheaf-like form; when the rods are charged
with dead flies they are made to descend into the tube, leaving their load in
the cover of the vase, which is then cleaned out and the operation re-
commenced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW OR SPIRAL PROPELLERS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO RAISING AND FORCING WATER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Irwin Mahon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd August
1861.
I, ARTHUR IRWIN MAHON, of 25, Leinster Square, Rathmines, Dublin, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW
OR SPIRAL PROPELLERS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO RAISING AND FORCING WATER," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in having the blade, of whatever form it may be
(screw or otherwise), so constructed or arranged that it shall strike the water,
while working at any angle that may be desired, throughout its extent, and
irrespective of its pitch; and also that spaces being left next the parts of
the blade, placed angularly, water may pass freely through all parts of said
blade, and will be held within the perimeter of disc formed by revolution of
blades. Spiral may of any length, and blades may be held by cylindrical
construction in position, if necessary, and work forward with before described
arrangement on reversing spiral. Water may be taken in freely all through
length of spiral, as well as at either end, and discharged at either end, as may
be desired. Screw may be worked in any position with regard to a vessel that
the common screw works, or in centre of vessel, and water taken either from
bow or side to work it, or it may be in a channel beneath the vessel. It
may be used as a pump either in communication with a tube upwards or
downwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING GELATINE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Richardson and Robert
Irvine at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 25th September 1861.
We, THOMAS RICHARDSON, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Chemist, and ROBERT
IRVINE, of Hurlet, Renfrewshire, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING GELATINE," to be
as follows:-
These improvements consist in increasing the sizing properties and hardness
of gelatine, by the addition of one or more of the phosphates of lime and mag-
nesia, silicates of potash, soda, lime, and magnesia, and bichromate of potash.
These improvements further consist in treating the gelatine obtained from
bones by muriatic acid with the sulphites, sulphates, phosphates, or silicates of
the alkalies, or weak sulphuric acid, or aqueous sulphurous acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SEATS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brown Rooff at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
May 1861.
I, WILLIAM BROWN ROOFF, of 7, Willow Walk, Kentish Town, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SEATS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of improvements in apparatus to be applied to
windows or similar openings to enable those engaged in window cleaning or
like operations to erect a temporary safeguard which will prevent liabilty to
accident from falling.
My apparatus consists of a seat with sides and a back (or only a back without
sides) formed of wood or other suitable materials, and so constructed that it
shall rest on the window sill and hook on to the inside of the window
frame.
Where all the windows of a house are in width, or nearly so, the hooking
arrangement is a fixture, but it may be made to adjust to suit different sized
windows or openings.
The hooking arrangement is constructed so as not to incommode the user
when sitting, and is sometimes padded to prevent injury to the paint.

page_text: I prefer making the seat or stage not quite horizontal, but the outer part to
incline upwards a little, which gives the user a feeling of greater security.
Where necessary I make the back moveable, and I have also sometimes a
.projecting piece or pieces or wedges which press against the end of the window
sill or against the brickwork below the sill to give greater steadiness.
A REVERSABLE BACK-SUPPORTING NURSING BELT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Franklin and George
Bacchus at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th September 1861.
We, RICHARD FRANKLIN and GEORGE BACCHUS, of 10, Chapel Street,
Stratford, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A REVERSABLE BACK-SUPPORTING NURSING BELT," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in a reversable back supporting belt, by aid of
which a person nursing can move the child with ease and comfort, both to
herself and it; the belt at the same time furnishes an extra means of holding
the child, and by being reversed, that is, by placing the back or padded part in
front of the child, it serves admirably as a support in teaching it to walk, the
nurse holding it by means of the handle part of the belt. The belt is made of
fine webbing, attached to the back of which is a soft pad, made of any suitable
materials, and having supporters of about three inches in length of whalebone,
cane, or other like substance; the band is of sufficient length so that after
passing round the waist to which it is adjusted by means of a buckle or other
suitable fastening, it forms a handle for the nurse, the two ends being tied
together by means of ribbon ends tacked to the webbing, or they can be
attached in any other suitable manner.
A NEW OR IMPROVED HAND DRILL FOR DRILLING WOOD, METAL, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Waide Reynolds and
Samuel Grigg Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th May 1861.-A communication from
abroad by William Kimberley, of New York, in the United States
of America.
We, GEORGE WAIDE REYNOLDS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and SAMUEL GRIGG TAYLOR, of Oldbury, in the County of
Worcester, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED HAND DRILL FOR DRILLING WOOD, METAL, AND
OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The said new or improved hand drill consists of a cylindrical or other shaped
body of metal having at one end a cross piece or curved plate, and at the other
end a bevilled toothed pinion. The said pinion works in the last-named end of
the body and carries the holder in which the drilling tool is secured, the
said drilling tool being secured in the holder in the ordinary way. An axis a
short distance from that end of the body at which the bevilled pinion is situated,
and at right angles to the said body, carries a bevilled toothed wheel of much
greater diameter than the bevilled pinion, which said toothed wheel gears
with the said pinion. To the said toothed wheel a winch or handle is fixed
by which it is turned. On the side of the body opposite to that at which the
toothed wheel is situated a handle is placed, by which handle the drill is
supported when in use.
In using the drill it is supported by the handle at the side of the body

page_text: the cross piece or bent plate at the end of the said body being placed against
the body of the workman: The bevilled toothed wheel is turned by its
winch and a rotatory motion communicated to the drilling tool, the said drilling
tool being at the same time pressed by the workman against the article to be
drilled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOP FRONTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Riddle and Henry Godfrey
Coombs at the. Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th June 1861.
We, WILLIAM RIDDLE, of 1, Barford Street, Islington, London, and HENRY
GODFREY COOMBS, of 17, Union Street, Southwark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOP FRONTS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in substituting a revolving glazed case for the ordinary
shop or shop-show window frontage. The ordinary construction of shop
frontage is dispensed with sufficiently in our Invention to admit instead a
glazed framework or case of octagonal or other convenient shape made to
rotate on an axle or axles, or pointed pivots, or mandrils at each end of the
glazed case. The goods or wares on show within the glazed case revolve
with it or pass round with it as the case rotates, and by the rotation a varying
change of display is presented to the spectators. The framework or glazed
case may be turned by clockwork or by steam power, or by a boy and winch
apparatus, or by a wind vane at top of the building, or by other convenient
motive power. The framework extends into the body of the shop the full
diameter of the turntable or tables, or ends of the framework; and this
diameter in practical application will probably be the full width of the shop,
so far as may be applicable and convenient, leaving of course sufficient space for
detached pathway of entrance into that portion of the shop in the rear of the
rotating glazed case or framework.
A CERTAIN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE PROCESS OF GRASS-EDGE CUTTING OR EDGE CUTTING IN GENERAL
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Augustin Keily and William
Archdall O'Doherty at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th July 1861.
We, LOUIS AUGUSTIN KEILY, of 12, Gloucester Terrace, Camden Hill,
Kensington, Gentleman, and WILLIAM ARCHDALL O'DOHERTY, of Swan Lane,
Upper Thames St., Manager of the Agricultural Engineers' Company, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CERTAIN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE PROCESS OF GRASS-EDGE CUTTING
OR EDGE CUTTING IN GENERAL," to be as follows:-
For this purpose of an Invention we place two sharp cutting tools, of steel
or other suitable material, upon a frame of metal or wood, one in front of or
proceeding the other. The front tool cuts vertically, and the hinder one
horizontally, so that when the implement is moved along the grass or other
border to be cut, such portion of it as may be desired is detached from the
border by means of the front tool, and from the ground by aid of the hinder
tool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PERFORATED MATERIALS IN COMBINATION WITH INDIA- RUBBER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Seaborn Parkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
July 1861.
I, GEORGE SEABORN PARKINSON, of No. 10, Lambton Terrace, Kensington;.
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PERFORATED MATERIALS IN COMBINATION WITH INDIA-
RUBBER," to be as follows:-
I take canvass, paper, felt, or other similar material of the required width,
and surface the same on one or both sides by the usual process with india-
rubber, with or without its usual compounds, and I vulcanize the same or.
not, as may be desirable. I perforate the canvass, paper, felt, or other similar
material, either before or after the above vulcanizing operation, by means of
suitable machinery, and thus obtain any required pattern perforated through.
the substance of the same. If I so desire I emboss the parts left unperforated; I
also propose moulding fibrous materials to obtain a similar result. If desired
I add fibre, wool, flock, or other similar material, coloured or not to the india--
rubber, or I mix coloured pigments with the india-rubber, and thus give a varied
effect to the perforated article. A canvass or other back may be attached to the
same if desired. To obtain the same effect without perforating, I interlace by
suitable means strips of the above specified materials, after the manner of
canework. Or I use longitudinal strips of the same, and attach transverse
strips to them by india-rubber cement. I apply this perforated material for
covering stairs, stair carpeting and passages, also for door mats, dinner table

page_text: mats, flowerpot covers, and other similar purposes. I cement with india-
rubber several sheets over each other for such articles as may require to be
made of an extra thickness. I also propose using leather cloth and fibre, or
other netting, dyed of various colours, and coated with india-rubber, either
vulcanized or not, for the above-stated purposes.
IMPROVED MEANS OF APPLYING THE WATER OF RIVERS FOR DRIVING MILLS, WITHOUT WEIRS OR OTHER OBSTRUCTION TO THE PASSAGE OF SALMON AND OTHER FISH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Mackenzie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1861.
I, HUGH MACKENZIE, of Ardross and Dundonnell, in the County of Ross,
North Britain, Landed Proprietor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF APPLYING THE WATER OF RIVERS FOR
DRIVING MILLS, WITHOUT WEIRS OR OTHER OBSTRUCTION TO THE PASSAGE OF
SALMON AND OTHER FISH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for object the prevention of the great loss of salmon and
other fish by the obstructions to their passage up and down rivers and streams,
due to the weirs which it has hitherto been the practice to build across such
rivers and streams for the purpose of retaining and diverting supplies of water
to drive the machinery of mills or manufacturing works. And the Invention
consists in substituting for such weirs conduits, each extending from the mills a
sufficient distance up the river, and communicating with the bed or side of the
river by a mouth or mouths covered with a grating or perforated shield, to
prevent the entrance of fish or other bodies into the conduit, and so arranged
as to present no obstruction to the passage of fish up or down the river. In
cases where the supply of water is variable, various means may be adopted to
cause a comparatively small supply to be sufficient. Thus the conduit may be
closed and may be extended an increased distance up the river, so as to yield

page_text: the effect due to an increased height of fall. Or reservoirs may be formed at
the side of the river, and the conduits be arranged so as to fill them during a
flood or full state of the river, this extra supply being retained for use when
the river is in a low state.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN WASHING CLOTHES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anson Hubbell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1861.
I, ANSON HUBBELL, of Salisbury Street, in the City of Westminster, Gen-
tleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN WASHING CLOTHES AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
My apparatus is an improvement upon the corrugated washing board. My
Invention consists in mounting within an outer frame an inner frame carrying
a series of rollers capable of revolving. The inner frame is connected at
bottom to the outer by a rod or bar passing through the sides of both frames,
and at top by an elastic band or bands, so as to allow of play to the inner
frame carrying the rollers.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER Looms FOR WEAVING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by William Hudson and Christopher
Catlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 27th February 1861.
We, WILLIAM HUDSON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
and CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, of the same Place, Overlooker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER Looms
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The first of our said improvements consists in the application of a spring to
the sley in such manner that the force of the said spring shall act in aid of the
motive power in carrying the crank over its dead point, that is to say, past the
point or position at which as the sley is going back the crank coincides in
direction, or is parallel with the crank arm or connecting rod.
The second of our said improvements consists in varying the position or
height of the warp in the loom at different parts of the beat up. The warp is
lowered at the time of the crossing of the sheds, so that both sheds may rise
or fall through an equal space before crossing, and be subjected to the same
amount of tension at the time of crossing. After the crossing the warp is re-
elevated, and both sheds slackened a little at the moment of the beat up,
which improves the cover of the cloth. The means we pursue are the use of
a moveable rod or bar extending across and occasionally depressing that part
of the warp which lies in front of the back rest, the said bar being vibrated
either by a tappet on one of the principal shafts, or by the strain or pressure
of the warp reacting against a spring.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR THE PREVENTION OR CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Ettrick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
1861.
I, EDWARD ETTRICK, of North Hylton, near Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR THE PREVENTION OR CONSUMPTION
OF SMOKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally in the use or employment of longitudinal
perforated tubes of metal, fire-clay, brick, or other material running parallel
with the sides of the furnace in the flame bed, in connection with a hollow per-
forated bridge running across the same. Air from the ash-pit passes along
two or more hollow tubes placed about level with the fire bars (or acting as
fire bars) into the hollow perforated bridge, becoming intensely heated on its
passage, and thence passing into the longitudinal perforated tubes is distri-
buted through the holes therein and in the hollow bridge into the furnace on
all sides in small streams or jets, and mixing with the flame and combustible
gases in the furnace effects the consumption or prevention of the smoke
therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1861.-A communication from abroad by Marco Maroni, of
Turin, in the Kingdom of Sardinia, Engineer.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS," a communication from
abroad by Marco Maroni, of Turin, in the Kingdom of Sardinia, Engineer,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a modification of what is known as the "Morse
apparatus employed in the working of electric telegraphs and consists in sub-
stituting for the soft iron armature (ancre) employed in the Morse apparatus
an electro-magnet, traversed by the current of the line, and placed in such a
position that its poles will be opposite to the contrary poles of the electro-
magnet to which it is opposed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Fowler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October 1861.
I, ALFRED FOWLER, of 4, Scott's Yard, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
+
This Invention has for its object improvements in buffers of railway car-
riages. In order to prevent the buffer heads of the buffer apparatus of
railway carriages rising or falling in respect to each other, tubular shields or
guards are applied to the buffer heads of one carriage, into which the buffer
head of the next carriage may slide or pass freely, and so that when a buffer
head of one carriage has entered the tubular shield or guard carried by the
buffer of another carriage, the buffer heads of the two carriages will be pre-
vented rising or falling to different levels, whether by reason of one carriage
being forced violently towards the other carriage, or by reason of injury to the
wheels or axles of one of the carriages. It is preferred to construct these
tubular shields or guards each in two halves, and to put them together by
projecting longitudinal flanges at the top and bottom, in order thus to obtain
strength; but this construction may be varied, and it is preferred to apply two
of these shields or guards to each railway carriage, one at each end and at the
opposite angles, in order that when two carriages are coupled together, the
buffer head of one carriage not having a shield or guard applied thereto, may
enter the shield or guard of the buffer of the other carriage which has a guard
or shield applied thereto.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1861.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of Horace Terrace, Sheperdess Walk, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGE WHEELS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in connecting the ends of the several parts or
sections forming the felloe or rim of a carriage wheel by means of metal
couplings inserted in a slot cut in the ends of each of the said sections, and
further in inserting the outer ends of the wheel spokes in the said couplings
instead of in holes drilled through the felloe, as heretofore. The said felloe or
rim is composed of as many sections as there are spokes in the wheel, so that
each section being of a shorter length than in wheels as formerly constructed,
can be cut more in direction with the grain of the wood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Weston and James Weston
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 11th July 1861.
I, GEORGE WESTON and JAMES WESTON, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a wheel fixed upon a shaft, and revolving within
an outer case, such wheel having a number of slots or grooves in a radiating
direction, and in a line with the shaft, into which are fitted an equal number of
sliding pieces. The number may vary from 3 to 8, but 5 or 6 are preferable.
The outer case and inner wheel to be of equal widths in the inside of the outer
case and outside of the inner wheel. The sides of the case to have circular
grooves made in them, into each of which an equal number of sliding pieces
are fitted to correspond with the number of sliding pieces fitted into the
grooves in the inner wheel, the sliding pieces to fit the entire space between
the ends of the outer case, and to have a pin projecting into the sliding pieces
that fit into the circular grooves in the ends of the outer case, such pins to be
made upon the edge nearest to the centre of the wheel.
The inner edge of the outer case requires only a segment of its inner face
to be bored true to the circle formed by the projected sliding pieces from the
inner wheel, such segment to be in proportion to the number of sliding pieces
used. The other portion of the inuer edge of the outer case to be at a dis-

page_text: tance from the sliding pieces, so as to allow free motion to the sliding pieces
to pass through the steam or water, except a small portion opposite the true
segment, which is formed into a recess to be fitted up by a moveable piece to
be acted upon by a spring, which holds it in contact with the wheel, and fills
the space between the wheel and outer case, such recess to be the uppermost,
and the true segment to be under the wheel when fixed in a vertical position.
The circular grooves in the ends of the outer case act as guides to the sliding
pieces in consequence of the pins projecting into them, so that by placing the
centre of the shaft in a certain situation, the sliding pieces will be drawn
within the edge of the wheel, and projected out on the opposite side, and in
contact with the true segmental portion of the outer case. In such situation the
steam acts upon the sliding pieces, and before the one being acted upon leaves
the segment, another enters to receive the force, and by this means we insure
a constant and unvarying surface for the steam to act upon, and so produce a
uniform motion without the aid of a fly wheel. The inlet and outlet may be
fixed in any situation between the true segment and the opposite moveable
piece, and either side be the inlet or outlet. Stuffing boxes are fitted to the
outer case around the shaft to prevent the escape of steam.
AN IMPROVED EQUILIBRIUM VALVE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Perrin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1861.
I, JAMES PERRIN, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED EQUILIBRIUM
VALVE," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to that description of valve employed for diminishing
the pressure of steam from high to low, or when used as a throttle valve for
regulating the supply to the cylinder. I fix two valves of the same diameter
upon one spindle, and also a piston equal to one square inch of area, and
cause the top of the spindle to be weighted with weights, each weight indi-
cating one lb. pressure of steam. The piston works in a cylinder, and is acted
upon by the steam, so as to balance the weights according to the pressure, and
as the valves are of equal diameters, this arrangement is perfectly equilibrium.
The valves are webbed, and work through holes, and are bevilled, to allow the
steam to pass freely and thereby prevent the shocks from sudden changes of
pressure, which generally occur with the ordinary flat valve.
AN IMPROVED BOOT AND SHOE CLEANING MACHINE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Dodsworth and William
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 5th June 1861.
We, MARTIN DODSWORTH, of New Malton, in the County of York, Cabinet
Maker, and WILLIAM SMITH, of New Malton, aforesaid, Pianoforte Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BOOT
AND SHOE CLEANING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
We employ a framework consisting of cast iron or wood, to which is applied
a single or double crank and treddle. The above crank spindle is for the
purpose of driving a semi-detached wheel consisting of three segments, or
more or less, as may be required, according to the size of the machine. On
the segments are placed a given number of semi-detached. brushes, consisting
of hard brushes, blacking brushes, and brightening or polishing brushes. The
bard brushes are fixed on the fly wheel by iron screws passing through the
back of the brushes into a bevil flange at an angle of forty-five degrees, more
or less, according to the size of the fly wheel, which fly wheel contains the
three sets of brushes. The blacking brushes and brightening brushes are fixed
on the fly wheel by the same means as the hard brushes. The hard brushes
on the left hand, the blacking brushes on the right hand, and the brightening
or polishing brushes in the centre. The crank shaft passes through the fly
wheel, and runs on two dead centres, with two regulating screws through the
upright standards, which forms a support for the table surrounding the brushes

page_text: on the back and on the sides, the front being open. The back of the machine
is formed of a wooden frame, which combines the two upright standards with
the top table. The treddle is hinged on two centres with regulating screws,
to which is attached the connecting rod from the crank shaft to put the
machine into motion. When the brushes revolve, the boot or shoe to be
cleaned must be firstly applied to the hard brushes; secondly, to the blackening
brushes; and finally, to the brightening brushes.
A separate machine supplies the brushes with liquid blacking by means of a
small wooden roller covered with thick felt, and working on centres supported
on two upright standards from the side of the trough containing the blacking;
a plece of felt is placed on the bottom of the trough to check the waste. By
means of a spring a supply of blacking can bo had at will. The machine is
fixed on the table at the back part of the revolving brushes, and is self-
feeding....
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF WOVEN AND OTHER FABRICS FOR GARMENTS AND PARTS OF GARMENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Keach at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1861.
I, HENRY KEACH, Artist in Design, 16, Bedford Terrace, Andover Rd.,
Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF WOVEN AND
OTHER FABRICS FOR GARMENTS AND PARTS OF GARMENTS," to be as follows:-
I cut with tools or punches pieces of paper in various forms or figures which
I afterwards emboss with dies, or I first emboss and then perforate with dies,
punches, or tools pieces of paper representing ornamental forms and figures,
which I attach by an adhesive substance to various parts of the woven or
other fabric, so as when combined to form a pattern.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARVING OR FIGURING WOOD
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1861.-A communication from abroad by Emile Constant
Adrien Bréhon, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARVING OR FIGURING WOOD," (communicated to me
from abroad by Emile Constant Adrien Bréhon, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain figures and patterns, in relief or
otherwise, upon dry or damp wood by means of hot or cold pressure, by blows,
or by rolling, and that upon one or both sides of pieces of wood. The woods
most suitable for the purposes of this Invention are those fit for carving, such
as pear, apple, and beam tree woods. Before being submitted to the processes
hereafter named, some woods require some hours soaking in water or exposure
to steam.
To produce the carving, figure, or pattern required, the wood is submitted
to a roughing-out mould, either cold or hot, engraved with the design to be
produced in rough, in order to make the parts of the wood approach the
required finished design, then to a second mould engraved with the finished
design, which is to work in a cold state, and complete the carving or figure

page_text: desired. In some cases one mould will suffice, and the wood may be carved
or figured on one or both sides by using suitably engraved moulds and dies,
which may be of iron, brass, or steel. Or instead of moulds engraved rolls
may be used, and these will be found most advantageous in carving or figuring
thin strips of wood.