improvements relating to Engines or Motors, Chieny Design be Driven by Means of Carburetted Air.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Feb., 1887.
Complete Left, 12th Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 15th Apr., 1887.
esigned to
improvements relating to Engines or Motors, Chieny Design
be Driven by Means of Carburetted Air.
I. ADOLF SPIEL, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:
My invention relates to engines or motors of the class described in the Specification
of former Letters Patent dated February 16th A.D. 1880 No. 2272 and which are
operated by the explosion of a mixture of atmospheric air and petroleum vapour or
other inflammable vapour or gas the inflammable vapour being preferably formed by
introducing petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon into the cylinder in the form of
spray, so that it is mechanically mixed with the air.
The said invention comprises improvements,
1, in the means for supply of petroleum and air for the formation of the explosive
mixture.
"
2, in the petroleum-pump and the means for regulating the quantity of petroleum
which is supplied.
3, in the device for igniting the explosive mixture.
The liquid petroleum is drawn through a suitable pipe from a reservoir in the lower
part of the frame of the engine during the out or suction stroke of engine.
On one end of the engine cylinder is placed a pump adapted to oscillate upon a
pin or stud secured to the cover of the said cylinder. The plunger of this pump is
operated by a small crank on the end of an intermediate shaft operated from the
fly wheel shaft, the pin of this crank sliding in a longitudinal slot in the outward
extension of the said plunger.
During the out stroke of the plunger petroleum is sucked from the tank whilst at
the succeeding in stroke the petroleum is forced past the air valve in the cylinder.
This air valve is operated as hereinafter described during the out stroke of the
engine-piston. When the air-valve opens and air is sucked in, the petroleum emitted
from the pump mixes with the said air and enters with the latter into the cylinder
forming an explosive mixture. The stroke of the pump plunger may be regulated by
adjusting a screw and thus the quantity of liquid supplied may be regulated.

page_text: The pump which is driven from the intermediate shaft by means of spur gearing
connected with the fly wheel shaft of the engine, works in accordance with the four
periods of suction, compression, expansion, and exhaustion, so that at every two
rotations of the main shaft the pump only ejects one charge of petroleum into the
cylinder.
The regulation of the quantity of petroleum required for the formation of the
explosive mixture and also the velocity of the motor, is effected by means of a valve
which is located in the oil supply pipe and operated by a governor. With the
governor a rod is flexibly connected, which rod above the valve, enters a pipe. This
pipe extends above the highest level of the petroleum in the reservoir so that, without
employing stuffing boxes, any overflowing of petroleum is avoided.
When the speed of the engine is too great the governor-balls will lift a sleeve
which slides upon the spindle, the governor rod is thus lowered whereby the valve is
partially or entirely closed so that little or no petroleum can pass to the pump until
the normal speed of the engine is again reached, whereupon the said rod again lifts
the valve.
The ignition device of the motor is consiructed as follows,
On the said intermediate shaft is mounted a tappet or cam disc which actuates a
stop-bolt, sliding in the cover of the cylinder. This stop-bolt is made in two portions
between which is located a spring to cause the end of the said bolt to strike its seat
lightly to prevent it from wearing too rapidly and to obtain a secure closing between
cylinder and ignition chamber during the suction and compression periods.
When the tappet of the cam strikes the bolt, the latter is pushed inwards thereby
shutting off the cylinder from communication with the ignition chamber or tube.
The opening of this communication is effected by the pressure of the compressed
mixture itself, this pressure forcing back the stop-bolt when the latter is released
from the tappet.
The said bolt when forced back bears upon a seat thus preventing any escape of gas
during the compression.
The ignition is effected when a portion of the explosive mixture is forced through a
passage into the ignition chamber, or tube, and comes into contact with a body which
is heated by means of a lamp placed beneath it. When the ignition takes place the
flame is transmitted to the cylinder.
According to a modification of my invention the introduction of the petroleum is
effected in the following manner. The intermediate shaft is set in motion from the
engine shaft by two toothed wheels. It carries at its front end a cam disc, an excentric
pin upon
which moves in the slot in the head of a connecting rod. This connecting
rod joining, is connected with the pump piston and during the corresponding motion
of the excentric pin will operate the pump and force petroleum to the cylinder.
In order to enable the oil pump to operate with certainty the petroleum reservoir is
arranged high enough for the petroleum to flow of itself to the pump. The quantity
of the petroleum to be forced by the pump is determined as heretofore by the proper
adjustment of a regulating screw. The connecting rod has, besides the up and down
motion, caused by the can disc, a lateral oscillating motion, which motion is used to
regulate the admission of petroleum to the pump. "For this purpose the connecting
rod carries a pin which during every upward motion of the rod passes under a
projection of a loop which embracing the valve pin that moves in the valve spindle
and being connected with the governor, can move horizontally and vertically the said
pin therefore lifts the valve pin up, thereby opening the communication between the
petroleum reservoir and the pump so that petroleum can pass to the said pump.
During the progressing oscillating motion of the connecting rod the pin of the latter
releases the projection again, and the valve pin is pulled down by a spring arranged
in the interior of the valve spindle. The communication between the pump and the
reservoir is thus closed and the connecting rod now moving downwards will by means
of the pump plunger force the petroleum that has entered the pump into the
cylinder..
When the velocity of the motor is too rapid, the aforesaid loop is drawn back

page_text: owing to the greater opening of the governor balls (the governor itself being con-
structed in any suitable manner) so that the pin of the connecting rod can no longer
seize the projection on the loop but passes the same, consequently the valve pin is not
raised, no petroleum can pass to the pump and therefore no explosive mixture can be
formed until the normal motion of the motor has again been reached whereupon the
loop moving forward brings its projection again into the sphere of action of the
connecting rod pin and the valve pin can again be lifted.
The igniting device operates in general in the same manner as that hereinbefore
described. The stop bolt is here however provided with three seats, and is actuated
by a rod which is moved by the cam disc and at the same time opens and closes the
exhaust valve. The stop bolt is liberated at the end of the period of compression by
the back motion of the intermediate rod, which, by reason of the link-shaped reduced
end and an inclined surface moves laterally, and the compressed mixture pushes the
bolt forward establishing communication between the interior of the cylinder and the
igniting tube so that the ignition takes place. When the distributing or intermediate
rod again moves forward the exhaust valve opens and the stop bolt is pressed inwards
again.
The formation of the explosive mixture is in this arrangement effected in the
following manner. The quantity of petroleum raised by the petroleum pump is brought
into contact with a hollow igniting body kept red hot by a flame and made of suitable
width. During its passage to the igniting tube it is vaporized or highly superheated
and thence passes under the action of the vacuum created in the cylinder through the
forward motion of the piston, to a passage where it meets the air sucked in by
the piston through the self-closing air valve. The mixture then passes to the
cylinder.
The above described arrangements enable the use of ordinary petroleum as it is
completely vaporized or highly superheated and is thus mixed with the air.
In order that the proportion between oxygen and hydrocarbon shall be properly
regulates the throw of the pump is rendered adjustable by a regulating screw.
A sheet metal casing can be put over the cylinder in order to form a cooling space
without being obliged to cast one around the cylinder and without forming openings
in the wall of the same.
Dated this 28th day of February 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements relating to Engines or Motors Chiefly Designed to
be Driven by Means of Carburetted Air.
I, ADOLF SPIEL, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
jarticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to engines or motors which are operated by the explosion of a
mixture of atmospheric air and an inflammable vapour or gas, the explosive mixture
being preferably produced as required, by vaporizing liquid petroleum and mixing
such vapour with atmospheric air simultaneously with its introduction into the
cylinder.
My present invention comprises improved means for supplying the petroleum as
required for vaporizing the same and mixing it with air for the formation of the
explosive mixture; for regulating the quantity of petroleum supplied and consequently
the speed of the motor and for igniting the explosive mixture.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a motor constructed according to
my invention.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same, also partly in section.
Figure 3 is an end view of the cylinder drawn to an enlarged scale.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of the cylinder, and,
Figure 3 is a vertical transverse section of the same.
Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the engine.
Figures 5, 5 and 6 are views of details hereinafter described.
Figure 7 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a modified form of engine; and,
Figure 8 is a sectional plan of the same.
Figures 9 and 10 are views of details drawn to an enlarged scale and hereinafter
described.
is the cylinder of the engine which is of any suitable construction, and which is
mounted upon a suitable bed.
bis a tank or reservoir which, as shewn, is arranged within the said bed and which
is designed to contain the liquid petroleum.
In order to supply this petroleum to the cylinder from time to time as required
I arrange a small pump c upon the cover d of the cylinder.
-This pump is adapted to oscillate upon the pin e, and its plunger e' is operated from
the main shaft of the engine through the shaft, which is adapted to make one
revolution to each two of the main shaft. This shaft is provided with the crank
pin which passes through a block g sliding in the longitudinal slot c² in the said
plunger. The said pump is connected with the reservoir & by the pipe ; and a pipe l'
leads from the pump to the cylinder.

page_text: is a valve which is normally held against its seat by a spring, and controls the
communication between the interior of the cylinder and the atmosphere through the
passage
ka small chamber in which the ignition is effecied, by allowing a portion of
the explosive mixture from the cylinder to come into contact with a surface which is
maintained in a glowing or red hot condition by a lamp k*, or any other suitable
means; and is a passage which establishes communication between the cylinder a
and the said chamber k.
l is a valve which is located in an opening in the cylinder cover, and which is
normally pressed against its seat by the spring to close the passage ¹. This valve
is automatically operated, as hereinafter described; but, in order to control its
movement, a rod mi.is arranged to press upon the spring to more or less compress the
same. The rod is operated by a eam a mounted on the shaft f; which cam, as shewn
in Figure 6, is made integral with the disc carrying the crank pin f. The cam is so
shaped as, at certain periods of its rotation, to press the rod m upon the spring !',
thereby compressing the latter and causing it to hold the said valve firmly upon its
seat When the valve is moved back in the manner hereinafter described it bears
with its rear end against a seat, * and prevents the escape of gas around the rod m.
o is the exhaust valve, which is operated through the medium of the lever o' by a
cam 2 on the shaft f, and establishes communication between the interior of the
cylinder and the atmosphere through the channel',,³.
The operation of the engine or motor hereinbefore described is as follows. While
the piston is making its out stroke, that is to say while the crank is moving through
the are 1, 2, 3, Figure 4, a vacuum is created within the cylinder and opens the
valve, so that air enters the said cylinder through the passage and the valve /.
Simultaneously with the said outstroke the shaft makes a quarter of a revolution,
forcing the plunger c inwards and discharging a quantity of liquid petroleum behind
the valve through the pipe, which petroleum mixes with the air passing through
the passage and enters therewith in the form of spray or vapour into the cylinder,
thus forming the explosive mixture. At this time also the projecting part of the
cam bears upon the rod m, causing the latter to press the valve firmly against
its seat.
During the succeeding instroke of the piston, while the crank is moving through
the are 1, 4, 3, the explosive mixture within the cylinder is compressed. By the time
the compression is nearly completed the projecting part of the cam n has moved away
from the rod m, so that the valve is released and is free to rise under the pressure of
the compressed mixture within the cylinder. When this takes place a portion of the
said mixture flows through the channel k into the chamber k, where, owing to its
contact with the heated surface hereinbefore described, it is ignited. During the
partial revolution of the shaft which takes place during the instroke, the block
on the crank pin slides in the slot, so that the plunger is not moved in the
cylinder.
When the ignition of the explosive mixture in the cylinder is effected the piston
makes a second outstroke under the expansive force of the gases generated, and com-
municates motion to the fly-wheel p. During the second outstroke the shaft moves
a third quarter of its revolution and moves the plungere outwards, thereby drawing
a charge of oil from the tank. At this time also the shallow part of the cam nis
opposite the rod m, so that the latter is not acted upon by the said cam, the said valve
being seated at its rear end upon the scat /*.
During the second instroke of the piston the products of combustion are forced out
of the cylinder through the passage o³, the shaft during the last quarter of its
revolution bringing a projection of the cam of into contact with the arm o¹, so that
the valve o is lifted. While this last part of the revolution of the shaft is taking
place the block y again slides in the slot, so that longitudinal motion is not imparted
to the plunger. The series of operations hereinbefore described is then repeated.
It will be understood from the foregoing description that only one explosion takes
place to each two revolutions of the engine.

page_text: The amount of oil raised by the pump may be varied by means of a screw
which
is inserted in the outer end of the plunger and serves to regulate the distance which
the block y can slide in the slot ef of the plunger without imparting movement to the
latter. Any other suitable means however, may be used for this purpose.
In order to regulate the speed of the engine, I provide for varying the strength or
quality of the explosive mixture by regulating the quantity of petroleum supplied.
For this purpose I arrange a valve in the pipe 4 between the reservoir and the
pump, the rod of which is adapted to be more or less depressed to correspondingly
close the passage through the said valve.
j.2
This rod is connected to ouc ends of a
lever, the other end of which enters a groove in a rotating sleeve t to which the
balls of a centrifugal governor are pivoited. is a fixed rod upon which the
said sleeve rotates. The said governor is driven by gearing from the shaft for by
any other suitable means.
When the speed of the engine or motor is sufficient to cause the balls ', ¹ to fly
outwards, the arms, of the latter bear against the bottom of a slot in the rod så,
as shown in Figure 5", The said balls are thus caused to rise, whereby the sleeve t is
also moved upwards together with the ends of the lever 1. Owing to this upward
movement of the end of the lever, the end is moved downwards together with
the rod, thereby more or less closing the passage 22, and thus limiting the quantity
of liquid drawn by the pump e.
To prevent the escape of liquid around the rod
which is screwed to the upper side of the valve
reservoir, as shewn in Figure 1.
I surround the same by a tube #,
and extends above the top of the
In the modification of my invention shown in Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 the pump c
for introducing the petroleum into the cylinder is arranged upon one side of the
bed upon which the engine is carried. This pump is driven from the shaft (which
in the present instance is placed parallel with the main shaft) through the medium of
a pin upon the face of a cam secured upon the main shaft. This pin f¹ slides, as
hereinbefore described, in a slot in the head of the rod, to the lower end of
which the plunger el is secured; so that the plunger shall, under normal conditions,
make one complete up and down stroke to cach two revolutions of the main shaft.
The stroke of the plunger is regulated, as herein before described, by a screw in the
head and in order to ensure the proper working of the pump the oil reservoir is
placed above the level of the said pump, as shown in Figure 7.
The oil, instead of being mechanically mixed with the air in the form of spray, is
according to the present arrangement vaporized by means of heat prior to its introduc-
tion into the cylinder.
For this purpose the oil, as it is forced through the pipe h by the pump, enters the
tube of the igniting device k, which tube is heated by a lamp *.
During its passage through this tube the oil is vaporized and is thus caused to
expand. Owing to the pressure produced by this expansion and to the vacuum
caused by the outstroke of the piston, the vapour is caused to pass through the tube ³
provided with the valve 4, which is lifted.
As the vapour issues from the tube kit enters the channel where it mingles with
the air (which is also being drawn in owing to the outstroke of the piston) and forms
therewith an explosive mixture. On the return stroke of the piston, when the com-
pression is nearly completed, the valve opens allowing a portion of the explosive
mixture to enter the chamber & and to be ignited in the manner hereinbefore described
by the heated tube or surface. The valve prevents the mixture from passing
back through the tube k³.
The valve is, in this modification, also held upon its seat by a rod m in the manner
hereinbefore described. In the present case, however, the rod m is controlled by a
longitudinally sliding rod n which moves in guides ², and carries at one end a
roller n pressed against the edge of the cam on the shaft by a spring a³.. The
other end n of this rod is made narrower than the other portion, as shewn in Figure 9,
and is provided with the inclined surface n'.
While the compression of the explosive mixture is taking place this rod is in the

page_text: position shewn in Figure 9, that is to say its broad part is in the guide a². When
however the compression has been nearly completed the rod a has moved sufficiently
far back to bring the narrow part n of the rod into the guide n², so that the said
rod is moved laterally, under the pressure of the compressed gas acting on the valve 1,
to the position shewn in dotted lines in Figure 9. The valve is thus released and
is free to open under the pressure of the mixture.
In order to obviate leakage around the valve the latter is preferably provided with
three seats, two of which, serve to prevent leakage when the valve is closed,
while the third l'answers the purpose when the valve is open, that is to say when
the valve bears upon the seat it is away from the seats P, and vice versa.
The exhaust valve o is operated by the rod n' through the medium of the lever o¹.
When the rod n' moves forward the end no impinges against the free end thereof and
opens the valve.
To automatically regulate the supply of petroleum according to the speed of the
motor I arrange the suction valve of the pump e in such a manner that it can be
controlled by a governor of any suitable construction. For this purpose the said
suction valve is attached to a rod carrying at its upper end a lug, which is
arranged to be moved laterally by means of the governor *. Upon the pump rod c
is fixed a projection w the relative position of which is shown in Figure 7. This
projection is adapted, under ordinary circumstances, to engage with the lug v¹ and
lift the rod r, dropping the same at a predetermined point as the rod c oscillates
owing to its connection with the pin ". When the rod is raised oil flows beneath
the plunger and during the next downward stroke of the same is forced to the cylinder.
Should the speed of the motor exceed a certain limit, the lug with the rod is drawn
so far backward from the projection that at the next upstroke of the plunger rod
the said projection will not impinge against the said lug. The suction valve will thus
not be raised, so that no oil will flow to the pump until the speed of the engine has
sufficiently reduced to allow the projection wand the lug l to engage.
The lug is arranged in connection with a nut working upon a screw, whereby
its position can be adjusted to correspond exactly with the position of the projection to,
so that during the suction outstroke of the piston the suction valve remains open.
In the engine shown in Figure 2 the cylinder is provided with double walls to form
a cooling space. These walls are cast integral with each other and cylinders
constructed in this manner are very expensive. In order to reduce the cost as much
as possible, I sometimes cast cylinders with a single wall only and place around the
same a sheet metal casing e, as shown in Figure 8, this casing being secured in place
by the cylinder cover.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim in respect
of my improvements in engines or moiors of the class hereinbefore described is :-
First. The formation of the explosive mixture in the cover of the cylinder, the
petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon being drawn from a reservoir placed in the
lower part of the base or bed plate by means of a pump, the supply being regulated
by a valve located in the supply pipe and operated by the governor to more or less
close the said valve, whilst the air which passes through the channel into which the
petroleum is being injected causes the said petroleum to enter the cylinder through
an automatically operating valve in the form of spray, whereby it is thoroughly mixed
with the air and forms an explosive mixture.
Second. A pump for the supply of petroleum, which pump comprises a cylinder
oscillating upon a bolt or stud and a plunger operated by a crank-pin secured to a
shaft, driven from the main shaft, the said pin sliding in a longitudinal slot in the
head of the said plunger, the length of which slot can be adjusted according to the
amount of oil to be supplied at each stroke of the pump, substantially as described.
Third. The arrangement of the pump in such a manner that its plunger moves in
conformity with the four periods of suction, compression, explosion, and exhaustion,
substantially in the manner described.

page_text: Fourth. The ignition device, comprising the valve acted upon by the cam a upon
the shaft, and adapted io automatically open under the pressure of the charge within
the cylinder, for the purpose specified.
Filth. The combination with the cylinder cover, of the igniting device and the air
admission valve, and with or without the oil pump, substantially as described.
Sixth. The modification of my invention wherein the oil pump is arranged in such
a manner that the suction valve can be lifted by the plunger rod at every upward
movement of the same by means of a projection on the said rod adapted to engage
with a lug on a rod connected to the suction valve, substantially as described.
Seventh. The combination with the mechanism described in the preceding claiming
clause of a governor adapted to draw the said lug out of the path of the projection
on the plunger rod when the speed of the motor is too great, so that the suction valve
is not lifted, as set forth for the purpose specified.
Eighth. The production of the explosive mixture from liquid hydro-carbon and
atmospheric air by conveying the said liquid through a heated tube, or over a heated
surface where it is vaporized and highly superheated, and mixing this vapour with
atmospheric air simultaneously with its introduction into the cylinder, whereby the
said vapour and air are intimately mixed.
Ninth. The mechanism substantially as described with reference to Figure 9 of the
drawings for controlling the movements of the ignition valve.
Tenth. The combination of the air valve i, the igniting valve having two or more seats
to the rear and front; the exhaust valve o, the igniting chamber containing a hollow
igniting body having the petroleum vapour admission pipe containing a valve A,
and a lamp *, all the said parts being formed in or upon, or secured to, the cylinder
cover, substantially as described with reference to Figures 7 to 10 of the drawings.
Eleventh. The combination of the rod having the narrow end n and carrying
the roller bearing against the cam f, and the spring for the purpose specified.
Twelfth. The sheet metal casing placed over the cylinder in order to form a
cooling space around the same which casing is secured in place by the cover.
Thirteenth. The improved engine or motor consisting of the parts constructed and
combined substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 to 6 of the
accompanying drawings, and operating as set forth.
Fourteenth. The modified form of engine constructed and arranged substantially as
described with reference to Figures 7 to 10 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 12th day of March 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements relating to Engines or Motors, Chiefly Designed to
be Driven by Means of Carburetted Air.
I, ADOLF SPIEL, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the naturo
of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to engines or motors of the class described in the Specification
of former Letters Patent dated February 16th A.D. 1886 No. 2272 and which are
operated by the explosion of a mixture of atmospheric air and petroleum vapour or
other inflammable vapour or gas the inflammable vapour being preferably formed by
introducing petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon into the cylinder in the form of
spray, so that it is mechanically mixed with the air.
The said invention comprises improvements,
1, in the means for supply of petroleum and air for the formation of the explosive
mixture..
2, in the petroleum-pump and the means for regulating the quantity of petroleum.
which is supplied.
3, in the device for igniting the explosive mixture.
The liquid petroleum is drawn through a suitable pipe from a reservoir in the lower
part of the frame of the engine during the out or suction stroke of engine.
On one end of the engine cylinder is placed a pump adapted to oscillate upon a
pin or stud secured to the cover of the said cylinder. The plunger of this pump is
operated by a small crank on the end of an intermediate shaft operated from the
fly wheel shaft, the pin of this crank sliding in a longitudinal slot in the outward
extension of the said plunger.
During the out stroke of the plunger petroleum is sucked from the tank whilst at
the succeeding in stroke the petroleum is forced past the air valve in the cylinder.
This air valve is operated as hereinafter described during the out stroke of the.
engine-piston. When the air-valve opens and air is sucked in, the petroleum emitted
from the pump mixes with the said air and enters with the latter into the cylinder
forming an explosive mixture. The stroke of the pump plunger may be regulated by
adjusting a screw and thus the quantity of liquid supplied may be regulated.

page_text: The pump which is driven from the intermediate shaft by means of spur gearing
connected with the fly wheel shaft of the engine, works in accordance with the four
periods of suction, compression, expansion, and exhaustion, so that at every two
rotations of the main shaft the pump only ejects one charge of petroleum into. the
cylinder.
'
The regulation of the quantity of petroleum required for the formation of the
explosive mixture and also the velocity of the motor, is effected by means of a valve
which is located in the oil supply pipe and operated by a governor. With the
governor a rod is flexibly connected, which rod above the valve, enters a pipe. This
pipe extends above the highest level of the petroleum in the reservoir so that, without
employing stuffing boxes, any overflowing of petroleum is avoided.
When the speed of--the engine is too great the governor-balls will lift a sleeve
which slides upon the spindle, the governor rod is thus lowered whereby the valve is
partially or entirely closed so that little or no petroleum can pass to the pump until
the normal speed of the engine is again reached, whereupon the said rod again lifts
the valve.
The ignition device of the motor is constructed as follows,
On the said intermediate shaft is mounted a tappet or cam disc which actuates a
stop-bolt, sliding in the cover of the cylinder. This stop-bolt is made in two portions
between which is located a spring to cause the end of the said bolt to strike its seat
lightly to prevent it from wearing too rapidly and to obtain a secure closing between
cylinder and ignition chamber during the suction and compression periods.
When the tappet of the cam strikes the bolt, the latter is pushed inwards thereby
shutting-off the cylinder from communication with the ignition chamber or tube.
The opening of this communication is effected by the pressure of the compressed
mixture itself, this pressure forcing back the stop-bolt when the latter is released
from the tappet.
The said bolt when forced back bears upon a seat thus preventing any escape of gas
during the compression.
The ignition is effected when a portion of the explosive mixture is forced through a
passage into the ignition chamber, or tube, and comes into contact with a body which
is heated by means of a lamp placed beneath it. When the ignition takes place the
flame is transmitted to the cylinder.
According to a modification of my invention the introduction of the petroleum is
effected in the following manner.
The intermediate shaft is set in motion from the
engine shaft by two toothed wheels.. It carries at its front end a cam disc, an excentric
pin upon which moves in the slot in the head of a connecting rod. This connecting
rod joining, is connected with the pump. piston and during the corresponding motion
-of-the excentric pin will operate the pump and force petroleum to the cylinder.
In order to enable the oil pump to operate with certainty the petroleum reservoir is
arranged high enough for the petroleum to flow of itself to the pump. The quantity
of the petroleum to be forced by the pump is determined as heretofore by the proper
adjustment of a regulating screw. The connecting rod has, besides the up and down
motion, caused by the cam disc, a lateral oscillating motion, which motion is used to
regulate the admission of petroleum to the pump. For this purpose the connecting
rod carries a pin which during every upward motion of the rod passes under a
projection of a loop which embracing the valve pin that moves in the valve spindle
and being connected with the governor, can move horizontally and vertically the said
pin therefore lifts the valve pin up, thereby opening the communication between the
petroleum reservoir and the pump so that petroleum can pass to the said pump.
During the progressing oscillating motion of the connecting rod the pin of the latter
releases the projection again, and the valve pin is pulled down by a spring arranged
in the interior of the valve spindle. The communication between the pump and the
reservoir is thus closed and the connecting rod now moving downwards will by means
of the pump plunger force the petroleum that has entered the pump into the
cylinder.
When the velocity of the motor is too rapid, the aforesaid loop is drawn back

page_text: owing to the greater opening of the governor balls (the governor itself being con-
structed in any suitable manner) so that the pin of the connecting rod can no longer
seize the projection on the loop but passes the same, consequently the valve pin is not
raised, no petroleum can pass to the pump and therefore no explosive mixture can be
formed until the normal motion of the motor has again been reached whereupon the
loop moving forward brings its projection again into the sphere of action of the
connecting rod pin and the valve pin can again be lifted.
The igniting device operates in general in the same manner as that hereinbefore
described. The stop bolt is here however provided with three seats, and is actuated
by a rod which is moved by the cam disc and at the same time opens and closes the
exhaust valve. The stop bolt is liberated at the end of the period of compression by
the back motion of the intermediate rod, which, by reason of the link-shaped reduced
end and an inclined surface moves laterally, and the compressed mixture pushes the
bolt forward establishing communication between the interior of the cylinder and the
igniting tube so that the ignition takes place. When the distributing or intermediate
rod again. moves forward the exhaust valve opens and the stop bolt is pressed inwards
again.
The formation of the explosive mixture is in this arrangement effected in the
following manner. The quantity of petroleum raised by the petroleum pump is brought
into contact with a hollow igniting body kept red hot by a flame and made of suitable
width. During its passage to the igniting tube it is vaporized or highly superheated
and thence passes under the action of the vacuum created in the cylinder through the
forward motion of the piston, to a passage where it meets the air sucked in by
the piston through the self-closing air valve. The mixture then passes to the
cylinder.
The above described arrangements enable the use of ordinary petroleum as it is
completely vaporized or highly superheated and is thus mixed with the air.
In order that the proportion between oxygen and hydrocarbon shall be.properly
regulates the throw of the pump is rendered adjustable. by a regulating screw.
A sheet metal casing can be put over the cylinder in order to form a cooling space
without being obliged to cast one around the cylinder and without forming openings
in the wall of the saine.
.
דז
3
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant:

page_text: Improvements relating to Engines or Motors Chiefly Designed to
be Driven by Means of Carburetted Air.
I, ADOLF SPIEL, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to engines or motors which are operated by the explosion of a
mixture of atmospheric air and an inflammable vapour or gas, the explosive mixture
being preferably produced as required, by vaporizing liquid petroleum and mixing
such vapour with atmospheric air simultaneously with its introduction into the
cylinder.
My present invention comprises improved means for supplying the petroleum as
required for vaporizing the same and mixing it with air for the formation of the
explosive mixture; for regulating the quantity of petroleum supplied and consequently
the speed of the motor; and for igniting the explosive mixture.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a motor constructed according to
my invention:
Figure 2 is a plan of the same, also partly in section.
Figure 3 is an end view of the cylinder drawn to an enlarged scale.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of the cylinder, and,
Figure 3b is a vertical transverse section of the same..
Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the engine.
Figures 5, 5 and 6 are views of details hereinafter described.
Figure 7 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a modified form of engine; and,
Figure 8 is a sectional plan of the same.
Figures 9 and 10 are views of details drawn to an enlarged scale and hereinafter
described:
a is the cylinder of the engine which is of any suitable construction, and which.is
mounted upon a suitable bed.
bis a tank or reservoir which, as shewn, is arranged within the said bed and which
is designed to contain the liquid petroleum.
In order to supply this petroleum to the cylinder from time to time as required
I arrange a small pump c upon the cover d of the cylinder.
This pump is adapted to oscillate upon the pin e, and its plunger c¹ is operated
from the main shaft of the engine through the shaft, which is adapted to make one
revolution to each two of the main shaft. This shaft is provided with the crank
pin which passes through a block 9 sliding in the longitudinal slot c² in the said
plunger: The said pump is connected with the reservoir 6 by the pipe h; and a pipe h¹
leads from the pump to the cylinder.

page_text: Berd against its sent by a spring, and controls the
communication between the interior of the cylinder and the atmosphere through the
passage.
kis a small chamber in which the ignition is effected, by allowing a portion of
the explosive mixture from the cylinder to come into contact with a surface which is
maintained in a glowing or red hot condition by a lamp *, or any other suitable
means; and is a passage which establishes communication between the cylinder a
and the said chamber k.
is a valve which is located in an opening in the cylinder cover, and which is
normally pressed against its seat by the spring to close the passage k¹. This valve l
is automatically operated, as hereinafter described; but, in order to control its
movement, a rod m is arranged to press upon the spring to more or less compress the
same. The rod is operated by a cam n mounted on the shaft f; which cam, as shewn
in Figure 6, is made integral with the disc carrying the crank pin. The cam is so
shaped as, at certain periods of its rotation, to press the rod m upon the spring 1,
thereby compressing the latter and causing it to hold the said valve firmly upon its
seat. When the valve t is moved back in the manner hereinafter described it bears
with its rear end against a seat * and prevents the escape of gas around the rod m.
o is the exhaust valve, which is operated through the medium of the lever o' by a
cam o on the shaft f, and establishes communication between the interior of the
cylinder and the atmosphere through the channel o³.
The operation of the engine or motor hereinbefore described is as follows. While
the piston is making its out stroke, that is to say while the crank is moving through
the arc 1, 2, 3, Figure 4, a vacuum is created within the cylinder and opens the
valve i, so that air enters the said cylinder through the passage and the valve i.
Simultaneously with the said outstroke the shaft makes a quarter of a revolution,
forcing the plunger c¹ inwards and discharging a quantity of liquid petroleum behind
the valve i through the pipe h', which petroleum mixes with the air passing through
the passage and enters therewith in the form of spray or vapour into the cylinder,
thus forming the explosive mixture. At this time also the projecting part of the
cam n bears upon the rod m, causing the latter to press the valve firmly against
its seat.
During the succeeding instroke of the piston, while the crank is moving through
the are 1, 4, 3, the explosive mixture within the cylinder is compressed. By the time
the compression is nearly completed the projecting part of the cam has moved away
from the rod m, so that the valve is released and is free to rise under the pressure of
the compressed mixture within the cylinder. When this takes place a portion of the
said mixture flows through the channel k¹, into the chamber k, where, owing to its
contact with the heated surface hereinbefore described, it is ignited. During the
partial revolution of the shaft f which takes place during the instroke, the block
on the crank pin f¹ slides in the slot c², so that the plunger is not moved in the
cylinder.
When the ignition of the explosive mixture in the cylinder is effected the piston
makes a second outstroke under the expansive force of the gases generated, and com-
municates motion to the fly-wheel p. During the second outstroke. the shaft moves
a third quarter of its revolution and moves the plunger c¹ outwards, thereby drawing
a charge of oil from the tank. At this time also the shallow part of the cam n is
opposite the rod m, so that the latter is not acted upon by the said cam, the said valve
being seated at its rear end upon the seat *.
During the second instroke of the piston the products of combustion are forced out
of the cylinder through the passage o³, the shaft f during the last quarter of its
revolution bringing a projection of the cam o² into contact with the arm o¹, so that
the valve o is lifted. While this last part of the revolution of the shaft is taking
place the block g again slides in the slot e², so that longitudinal motion is not imparted
to the plunger. The series of operations herein before described is then repeated.
It will be understood from the foregoing description that only one explosion takes
place to each two revolutions of the engine.

page_text: The amount of oil raised by the pump may be varied by means of a screw 9, which
is inserted in the outer end of the plunger c¹ and serves to regulate the distance which
the block g can slide in the slot c² of the plunger without imparting movement to the
latter. Any other suitable means however, may be used for this purpose.
In order to regulate the speed of the engine, 1 provide for varying the strength or
quality of the explosive mixture by regulating the quantity of petroleum supplied.
For this purpose I arrange a valve in the pipe h between the reservoir and the
pump, the rod of which is adapted to be more or less depressed to correspondingly
close the passage through the said valve. This rod is connected to one end s of a
lever s¹, the other end of which enters a groove in a rotating sleeve t to which the
balls of a centrifugal governor are pivotted. 3. is a fixed rod upon which the
said sleeve rotates. The said governor is driven by gearing from the shaft for by
any other suitable means.
When the speed of the engine or motor is sufficient to cause the balls t¹, t¹ to fly
outwards, the arms t³, t2 of the latter bear against the bottom of a slot t³ in the rod s³,
as shewn in Figure 5, The said balls are thus caused to rise, whereby the sleeve t is
also moved upwards together with the ends of the lever s¹. Owing to this upward
movement of the end 2 of the lever st, the end s is moved downwards together with
the rod, thereby more or less closing the passage ², and thus limiting the quantity
of liquid drawn by the pump c.
To prevent the escape of liquid around the rod ¹ I surround the same by a tube u,
which is screwed to the upper side of the valve r and extends above the top of the
reservoir b, as shewn in Figure 1.
In the modification of my invention shown in Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 the pump c
for introducing the petroleum into the cylinder is arranged upon one side of the
bed upon which the engine is carried. This pump is driven from the shaft (which
in the present instance is placed parallel with the main shaft) through the medium of
a pinupon the face of a cam secured upon the main shaft. This pin f slides, as
hereinbefore described, in a slot c² in the head of the rod 1, to the lower end of
which the plunger el is secured; so that the plunger shall, under normal conditions,
make one complete up and down stroke to each two revolutions of the main shaft.
The stroke of the plunger is regulated, as hereinbefore described, by a screw 4 in the
head ; and in order to ensure the proper working of the pump the oil reservoir b is
placed above the level of the said pump, as shewn in Figure 7.
The oil, instead of being mechanically mixed in the air in the form of spray, is
according to the present arrangement vaporized by means of heat prior to its introduc-
tion into the cylinder.
For this purpose the oil, as it is forced through the pipe
by the pump, enters the
tube of the igniting device k, which tube is heated by a lamp *.
During its passage through this tube the oil is vaporized and is thus caused to
expand. Owing to. the pressure produced by this expansion and to the vacuum
caused by the outstroke of the piston, the vapour is caused to pass through the tube ķ³
provided with the valve k*, which is lifted.
As the vapour issues from the tube k³ it enters the channel where it mingles with
the air (which is also being drawn in owing to the outstroke of the piston) and forms
therewith an explosive mixture. On the return stroke of the piston, when the com-
pression is nearly completed, the valve opens; allowing a portion of the explosive
mixture to enter the chamber and to be ignited in the manner hereinbefore described.
by the heated tube or surface k². The valve k prevents the mixture from passing
back through the tube k³.
The valve is, in this modification, also held upon its seat by a rod m in the manner
herein before described. In the present case, however, the rod m is controlled by a
longitudinally sliding rod n' which moves in guides n³, n³ and carries at one end a
roller n' pressed against the edge of the cam on the shaft by a spring nº. The
other end n of this rod is made narrower than the other portion, as shewn in Figure 9,
and is provided with the inclined surface n'.
While the compression of the explosive. mixture is taking place this rod is in tho

page_text: When
position shewn in Figure 9, that is to say its broad part is in the guide n².
however the compression has been nearly completed the rod n' has moved sufficiently
far back to bring the narrow part n of the rod into the guide n², so that the said
rod is moved laterally, under the pressure of the compressed gas acting on the valve l,
to the position shewn in dotted lines in Figure 9. The valve is thus released and
is free to open under the pressure of the mixture.
In order to obviate leakage around the valve the latter is preferably provided with
three seats, two of which 1, 13 serve to prevent leakage when the valve is closed,
while the third answers the purpose when the valve is open, that is to say when
the valve bears upon the seat it is away from the seats 12, 13 and vice versa.
The exhaust valve o is operated by the rod n¹ through the medium of the lever o'.
When the rod n' moves forward the end n impinges against the free end thereof and
opens the valve.
To automatically regulate the supply of petroleum according to the speed of the
motor I arrange the suction valve of the pump e in such a manner that it can be
controlled by a governor of any suitable construction. For this purpose the said
suction valve is attached to a rod carrying at its upper end a lug v¹, which is
arranged to be moved laterally by means of the governor *. Upon the pump rod et
is fixed a projection te the relative position of which is shown in Figure 7. This
projection is adapted, under ordinary circumstances, to engage with the lug v and
lift the rod v, dropping the same at a predetermined point as the rod c. oscillates
owing to its connection with the pin . When the rod v is raised oil flows beneath
the plunger and during the next downward stroke of the same is forced to the.cylinder:
Should the speed of the motor exceed a certain limit, the lug v with the rod is drawn
so far backward from the projection w that at the next upstroke of the plunger rod
the said projection will not impinge against the said lug. The suction valve will thus
not be raised, so that no oil will flow to the pump until the speed of the engine has
sufficiently reduced to allow the projection w and the lug to engage.
The lug v is arranged in connection with a nut working upon a screw, whereby
its position can be adjusted to correspond exactly with the position of the projection w,
so that during the suction outstroke of the piston the suction valve remains open.
In the engine shown in Figure 2 the cylinder is provided with double walls to form
a cooling space. These walls are cast integral with each other and cylinders
constructed in this manner are very expensive. In order to reduce the cost as much
as possible, I sometimes cast cylinders with a single wall only and place around the
same a sheet metal casing a, as shown in Figure 8, this casing being secured in place
by the cylinder cover.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim in respect
of my improvements in engines or motors of the class hereinbefore described is:
First. The formation of the explosive mixture in the cover of the cylinder, the
petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon being drawn from a reservoir placed in the
lower part of the base or bed plate by means of a pump, the supply being regulated
by a valve located in the supply pipe and operated by the governor to more or less
close the said valve, whilst the air which passes through the channel into which the
petroleum is being injected causes the said petroleum to enter the cylinder through
an automatically operating valve in the form of spray, whereby it is thoroughly mixed
with the air and forms an explosive mixture.
Second. A pump for the supply of petroleum, which pump comprises a cylinder
oscillating upon a bolt or stud and a plunger operated by a crank-pin secured to a
shaft, driven from the main shaft, the said pin sliding in a longitudinal slot in the
head of the said plunger, the length of which slot can be adjusted according to the
amount of oil to be supplied at each stroke of the pump, substantially as described.
Third. The arrangement of the pump constructed substantially as described in
such a manner that its plunger moves in conformity with the four periods of suction,
compression, explosion, and exhaustion.

page_text: Fourth. The ignition device, comprising the valve acted upon by the cam n upon
the shaft, and adapted to automatically open under the pressure of the charge within
the cylinder, for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The combination with the cylinder cover, of the igniting device and the air
admission valve, and with or without the oil pump, substantially as described.
Sixth. The modification of my invention wherein the oil pump is arranged in such
a manner that the suction valve can be lifted by the plunger rod at every upward
movement of the same by means of a projection on the said rod adapted to engage
with a lug on a rod connected to the suction valve, substantially as described.
Seventh. The combination with the mechanism described in the preceding claiming
clause of a governor adapted to draw the said lng out of the path of the projection
on the plunger rod when the speed of the motor is too. great, so that the suction valve
is not lifted, as set forth for the purpose specified.
Eighth. The production of the explosive mixture from liquid hydro-carbon and
atmospheric air by conveying the said liquid through a heated tube, or over a heated
surface where it is vaporized and highly superheated, and mixing this vapour with
atmospheric air simultaneously with its introduction into the cylinder, whereby the
said vapour
and air are intimately mixed.
Ninth. The mechanism substantially as described with reference to Figure 9 of the
drawings for controlling the movements of the ignition valve.
Tenth. The combination of the air valve i, the igniting valve I having two or more seats
to the rear and front; the exhaust valve o, the igniting chamberk containing a hollow
igniting body having the petroleum vapour admission pipe 4³ containing a valve k*,
and a lamp *, all the said parts being formed in or upon, or secured to, the cylinder
cover, substantially as described with reference to Figures 7 to 10 of the drawings.
Eleventh. The combination of the rod n¹ having the narrow end n and carrying
the roller bearing against the cam f, and the spring for the purpose specified.
Twelfth. The improved engine or motor consisting of the parts constructed and
combined substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 to 6 of the
accompanying drawings, and operating as set forth.
Thirteenth. The modified form of engine constructed and arranged substantially as
described with reference to Figures 7 to 10 of the accompanying drawings.
Data thin 15th day of March 1997
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.