Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Sept., 1886
Complete Specification Left, 23rd June. 1887
Complete Specification Accepted, 26th July, 1887
I, LEONARD HILL of Newport Wire Works Middlesbrough-on-Tees in the County of
York Wire Worker do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to ropes, strands or cables composed of wire, and has special
reference to the blending or distribution of wires of different tensile and ductile
qualities arranged in patterns or sections so that when twisted, spun, or worked up
together will form a rope or strand combining great flexibility with high tensile
qualities, and at the same time is less liable to deterioration from the effects of wear
and tear, or from the tendency to become crystalized and brittle in the wires when
subjected to the vibration due to transmission over pullies and bends at high velocities,
which is found so injurious to wire ropes of the ordinary construction.
In carrying out my invention for improving the quality of wire ropes or strands, I
provide an outside ring made up of wires drawn to wedge shaped or truocated wedge
shaped patterns or forms in-sectional-area; or-their-equivalent patterns or forms in
sectional area, so that the ring or circle may be formed by inverting if necessary the
positions of half the wires, which may be termed the outside wires with reference to
the positions of the alternate half or inside wires of the ring, the wires thus fitting in
between each other continuously round the circle. In the ring so formed the half of
the wires, which I call the inside wires, are interlocked or bound in by the outside
wires which form the alternate half, but the outside wires are not interlocked and in the
event of fracture would be free to untwist from the rope or strand. Wires of the above
described sections can be drawn more easily and to a higher tensile strain than sections
or patterns of a complicated character such as are sometimes employed in the con-
struction of ropes or strands in which every wire of the outside ring is interlocked,
consequently a rope or strand for resisting high tensile strains can be composed
entirely of such wires whether hollow in the centre or solid,. and such a rope would
have half its wires on the outside ring interlocked.
In order to provide against the liability to fracture of the outside wires which
interlock the others, but are not interlocked themselves, I prefer to make these wires

page_text: of a softer and more ductile material, so that by dispensing with their assistance as
taking a share of the tensile strain to which the rope or strand is subjected, I increase
their utility for binding in or interlocking the other wires of the outside ring, and in
this way produce a rope or strand of high resisting power to tensile strains with none
of its tensional wires liable to become untwisted in the event of fracture. Instead of
constructing the rope or strand entirely of the wedge shaped or truncated wedge
shaped or other suitable and equivalent patterns or forms of sectional area, I prefer to
employ these wires in the outside ring only, and to regard this outside ring as a
sheath or protector to the interior wires which may be of any form suitable for forming
an independent rope in the hollow space within the outside ring or sheath, such
interior wires may be ordinary round wires or other equivalent patterns or sections of
wire for taking a high strain and may be slightly twisted or not twisted at all. The
advantages of such a rope would be that the internal wires intended to take the
tensile strain are protected by an outside sheath practically interlocked and have much
less tendency to become crystalized and brittle from the vibration due to a high
velocity over pullies and bends or equivalent influences, consequently these internal
wires can be drawn to a higher tensile strain than the usual mode of construction
admits of in ropes subjected to great or continuous vibration.
It is of course obvious that strands constructed according to my invention can be
twisted round a core or round each other according to the usual processes of wire rope
making.
1000

page_text: Improvements in Wire Ropes.
I, LEONARD HILL, of Middlesbrough-on-Tees, in the County of York, Wire Worker,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to ropes, strands, or the like, composed of wire, and has special
reference to the blending or distribution of wires of suitable tensile and ductile
qualities and of specially formed patterns or sections so that when twisted, spun, or
worked up together a rope or strand may be formed in which the sections or patterns
of wire by which this is effected are of such form in sectional area to admit of
combining great flexibility and high tensile qualities with the advantages of having
every alternate wire interlocked in the outside ring or sheath.
In carrying out my invention for improving the quality and manufacture of wire ropes
or strands without employing complicated sections or patterns of the wires, I provide an
outside ring made up of wires drawn to wedge shaped or truncated wedge shaped or other
equivalent patterns or forms in sectional area, so that half the wires which may be termed-
the outside wires of the ring or sheath interlock or bind in the alternate half, which may
be termed the inside wires of the said ring or sheath, all the wires fitting in between
each other continuously round the circle so as to present a smooth external surface,
the interior of the rope or strand may be fitted up with one or more round wires or
with wires of the like sections which I employ in making up the outside ring, the
rope or strand being solid to the centre or provided with a suitable core as preferred,
a solid rope being more rigid and a rope with a core more flexible.
And in order that my invention may be fully understood, I will now proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings; in which Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and 4 illustrate in transverse sectional view the outside rings or sheaths of ropes or
strands as made up with specially formed wires in accordance with my invention; the
wires a are the inside wires of the ring or sheath and are interlocked or bound in by
the alternate outside wires which fit in between the wires a, but which are free in
the event of fracture to untwist from the rope or strand; wires of the sections or
patterns illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 form an outside ring or sheath with a smooth
continuous external surface and can be drawn more easily and to a higher tensile
strain than the complicated sections or patterns hitherto employed in the construction
of ropes or strands in which all the wires of the outside ring or sheath are interlocked.
By drawing the outside wires b to a lower tensile strain than the inside interlocked
wires a, that is, working them into the rope or strand in a more ductile condition,
their liability to fracture can be sufficiently reduced relatively to the interlocked
wires a, as to render them reliable as binding or interlocking wires until the inter-
locked wires a of higher tensile strain have given out their full duty or have otherwise
become useless. The internal formation or core of the rope or strand may be made
up in different ways without departing from the nature of my invention; suitable

page_text: modes of effecting this are illustrated in Figs. 5 to 12, in which Figs. 6, 8, 10, and 12
illustrate short lengths or sections of ropes so made up; Figs. 5, 7, 9; and 11 being
the corresponding transverse sections. Fig. 5. illustrates a rope made solid to the
centre by a series of rings within an outside ring c of the like patterns or sections
to the half locked rings with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, the central wire being
an ordinary round wire. Fig. 7. illustrates the employment of ordinary round wires
to fill up the space within the outside ring c, which may be made up of the sections or
patterns as shown, or of the other equivalent sections or patterns as described with
reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Fig. 9. illustrates a series of strands twisted together
round a core to form a rope, and Fig. 11. similarly illustrates a series of strands
twisted round a core to form a rope; each strand in Fig. 11. illustrates a particular
arrangement or design by which triangular or wedge shaped wires forming a smooth
external surface enclose a single central round wire. this method of making up each
strand is a simple and effective way of applying my invention to the manufacture of
wire ropes.
Having now particularly described the nature of my invention and how it is to be
applied to the manufacture of wire ropes, strands, or the like, what I claim is :-
The particular combination of patterns or sections of wire of suitable tensile and
ductile qualities forming a strand or rope as described and clearly illustrated in each
of the Figs. 1 to 12 of the accompanying drawings.
1007
G. J. CLARKSON,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I, LEONARD HILL of Newport Wire Works Middlesbrough-on-Tees in the County of
York Wire Worker do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to ropes, strands or cables composed of wire, and has special
reference to the blending or distribution of wires of different tensile and ductile
qualities arranged in patterns or sections so that when twisted, spun, or worked up
fogether will form a rope or strand combining great flexibility with high tensile
qualities, and at the same time is less liable to deterioration from the effects of wear
and tear, or from the tendency to become crystalized and brittle in the wires when
subjected to the vibration due to transmission over pullies and bends at high velocities,
which is found so injurious to wire ropes of the ordinary construction.
In carrying out my invention for improving the quality of wire ropes or strands, 1
provide an outside ring made up of wires drawn to wedge shaped or truncated wedge
shaped patterns or forms in sectional area, or their equivalent patterns or forms in
sectional area, so that the ring or circle may be formed by inverting if necessary the
positions of half the wires, which may be termed the outside wires with reference to
the positions of the alternate half or inside wires of the ring, the wires thus fitting in
between each other continuously round the circle. In the ring so formed the half of
the wires, which I call the inside wires, are interlocked or bound in by the outside
wires which form the alternate half, but the outside wires are not interlocked and in the
event of fracture would be free to untwist from the rope or strand. Wires of the above
described sections can be drawn more easily and to a higher tensile strain than sections
or patterns of a complicated character such as are sometimes employed in the con-
struction of ropes or strands in which every wire of the outside ring is interlocked,
consequently a rope or strand for resisting high tensile strains can be composed
entirely of such wires whether hollow in the centre or solid, and such a rope would
have half its wires on the outside ring interlocked.
In order to provide against the liability to fracture of the outside wires which
interlock the others, but are not interlocked themselves, I prefer to make these wires

page_text: of a softer and more ductile material, so that by dispensing with their assistance as
taking a share of the tensile strain to which the rope or strand is subjected, I increase
their utility for binding in or interlocking the other wires of the outside ring, and in
this way produce a rope or strand of high resisting power to tensile strains with none
of its tensional wires liable to become untwisted in the event of fracture. Instead of
constructing the rope or strand entirely of the wedge shaped or truncated wedge
shaped or other suitable and equivalent patterns or forms of sectional area, I prefer to
employ these wires in the outside ring only, and to regard this outside ring as a
sheath or protector to the interior wires which may be of any form suitable for forming
an independent rope in the hollow space within the outside ring or sheath, such
interior wires may be ordinary round wires or other equivalent patterns or sections of
wire for taking a high strain and may be slightly twisted or not twisted at all. The
advantages of such a rope would be that the internal wires intended to take the
tensile strain are protected by an outside sheath practically interlocked and have much
less tendency to become crystalized and brittle from the vibration due to a high
velocity over pullies and bends or equivalent influences, consequently these internal
wires can be drawn to a higher tensile strain than the usual inode of construction
admits of in ropes subjected to great or continuous vibration.
It is of course obvious that strands constructed according to my invention can be
twisted round a core or round each other according to the usual processes of wire rope
making.
1
1000
G. J. CLARKSON,
Agent to the said Leonard Hill.

page_text: Improvements in Wire Ropes.
I, LEONARD HILL, of Middlesbrough-on-Tees, in the County of York, Wire Worker,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to ropes, strands, or the like, composed of wire, and has special
reference to the blending or distribution of wires of suitable tensile and ductile
qualities and of specially formed patterns or sections so that when twisted, spun, or
worked up together a rope or strand may be formed in which the sections or patterns
of wire by which this is effected are of such form in sectional area to admit of
combining great flexibility and high tensile qualities with the advantages of having
every alternate wire interlocked in the outside ring or sheath.
In carrying out my invention for improving the quality and manufacture of wire ropes
or strands without employing complicated sections or patterns of the wires, I provide an
outside ring made up of wires drawn to wedge shaped or truncated wedge shaped or other
equivalent patterns or forms in sectional area, so that half the wires which may be termed
the outside wires of the ring or sheath interlock or bind in the alternate half, which may
be termed the inside wires of the said ring or sheath, all the wires fitting in between
each other continuously round the circle so as to present a smooth external surface,
the interior of the rope or strand may be fitted up with one or more round wires or
with wires of the like sections which I employ in making up the outside ring, the
rope or strand being solid to the centre or provided with a suitable core as preferred,
a solid rope being more rigid and a rope with a core more flexible.
And in order that my invention may be fully understood, I will now proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings; in which Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and 4 illustrate in transverse sectional view the outside rings or sheaths of ropes or
strands as made up with specially formed wires in accordance with my invention; the
wires a are the inside wires of the ring or sheath and are interlocked or bound in by
the alternate outside wires 6 which fit in between the wires a, but which are free in
the event of fracture to untwist from the rope or strand; wires of the sections or
patterns illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 form an outside ring or sheath with a smooth
continuous external surface and can be drawn more easily and to a higher tensile
strain than the complicated sections or patterns bitherto employed in the construction
of ropes or strands in which all the wires of the outside ring or sheath are interlocked.
By drawing the outside wires 6 to a lower tensile strain than the inside interlocked
wires a, that is, working them into the rope or strand in a more ductile condition,
their liability to fracture can be sufficently reduced relatively to the interlocked
wires a, as to render them reliable as binding or interlocking wires until the inter-
locked wires a of higher tensile strain have given out their full duty or have otherwise
become useless. The internal formation or core of the rope or strand may be made
up in different ways without departing from the nature of my invention; suitable

page_text: modes of effecting this are illustrated in Figs. 5 to 12, in which Figs. 6, 8, 10, and 12
illustrate short lengths or sections of ropes so made up; Figs. 5, 7, 9, and 11 being
the corresponding transverse sections. Fig. 5. illustrates a rope made solid to the
centre by a series of rings within an outside ring of the like patterns or sections
to the half locked rings with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, the central wire being
an ordinary round wire. Fig. 7. illustrates the employment of ordinary round wires
to fill up the space within the outside ring e, which may be made up of the sections or
patterns as shown, or of the other equivalent sections or patterns as described with
reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Fig. 9. illustrates a series of strands twisted together
round a core to form a rope, and Fig. 11. similarly illustrates a series of strands
twisted round a core to form a rope; each strand in Fig. 11. illustrates a particular
arrangement or design by which triangular or wedge shaped wires forming a smooth
external surface enclose a single central round wire, this method of making up each
strand is a simple and effective way of applying my invention to the manufacture of
wire ropes.
Having now particularly described the nature of my invention and how it is to be
applied to the manufacture of wire ropes, strands, or the like, what I claim is :-
The particular combination of patterns or sections of wire forming a strand or rope
as described and clearly illustrated in each of the Figs. 1 to 12 of the accompanying
drawings.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Agent for the Applicant.