IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORISING AND DISINFECTING MATERIALS, AND IN MIA RANK
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Thomas Bond, of Gloucester, in the
County of Gloucester, Doctor of Medicine, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORISING AND DISINFECTING MATERIALS, AND IN
MIA RANK"
Annin
A ODEVINA
WAR
Sealed the 9th March 1875, and dated the 4th November 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Thomas Bond
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th November 1874.
İ, FRANCIS THOMAS BOND, of Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester,
Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORISING AND DISINFECTING MATERIALS, AND IN:
APPARATUS FOR APPLYING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The deodorising and disinfecting materials to which this Patent
refers are of two forms, viz., powder and liquid.
For the purpose of forming my disinfecting powder I take the.
sulphates of alumina and iron (ferrous sulphate) in the proportion of

page_text: three parts by weight of the former to one of the latter, and in a
powdered state, and I combine them mechanically with carbolic acid in
the proportion of about ten parts by weight of acid to ninety parts of
the mixed powders. Or I take the sulphate of alumina and combine it
with about ten per cent. of sulphate of copper, and five per cent. of |
bichromate of potassium all in a powdered form, and after well mixing
the said salts I combine them mechanically with about ten per cent. of
carbolic acid or of terebene, one of the isomers of oil of turpentine, the
the preparation of which is described in most manuals of organic
chemistry. The proportions in which the above bodies are to be:
combined may be varied somewhat, but those given above are the most
generally suitable for ordinary purposes.
Instead of using the sulphates of the foregoing metals the chlorides
may be employed with equally good effect.
For some purposes it is not essential to combine more than one or two ]
of the above mentioned salts with the organic bodies specified. Thus I
sometimes combine carbolic acid with sulphate of alumina alone or with
sulphate of iron, or with sulphate of copper and bichromate of
potassium or with sulphate of copper alone, or I combine terebene with
either or with both of the latter salts, the nature of the said combinations :
being determined by the special objects for which the deodorising or
disinfecting action is required.
For purposes in which it is desirable to apply the above combinations
in a liquid form I either dissolve the powders made as above described
in water, or I mix saturated solutions of the said salts in suitable a
proportions, and add carbolic acid or terebene, taking care to shake
the mixture before using it, so as to diffuse the latter ingredients
throughout it.
For the purpose of applying the liquids thus obtained in the disinfection
of waterclosets and commodes I construct of copper or other suitable
metal a flat vessel about 12 inches square and 2 inches in depth, with two
or more small flanged projections on the lower margin perforated for
screws for attaching the box to the upper surface of the lid of the closet
or commode. In the upper surface of this box when so attached and at
the end nearest the hinge of the lid of the closet, is an aperture 3
surmounted by a neck which can be closed by a screw cover or a cork.
Inside and a little below the margin of the neck is a small metallic

page_text: The
receptacle in shape like the bowl of a tobacco pipe, but closed by a plate
on its upper surface, which plate is perforated by a small hole.
lower end of the receptacle is connected with a pipe which leads from it
obliquely downwards and forwards to the lower angle of the anterior side
of the vessel, where it emerges, and is then bent down for about an inch,
terminating in an open aperture; when the vessel is in position this pipe
dips downwards into a hole made vertically through the lid of the
seat.
"
The action of this apparatus is as follows:-It is first charged with
disinfecting liquid through the neck, and the neck is then closed. When
the lid of the seat is lifted, the liquid being thereby tilted into the neck of
the vessel, fills the small receptacle but cannot run off by the pipe in
conscquence of the more or less vertical position of the latter. When the
lid is again lowered, the liquid flows out of the neck back into the body
of the vessel except that which is in the receptacle, which runs off by the
pipe into the pan.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Francis Thomas Bond in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
THOMAS BOND, of Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester, Doctor of
Medicine, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Francis Thomas Bond, Her special
license that I, the said Francis Thomas Bond, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Francis Thomas
Bond, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, excrcise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORISING AND DISINFECTING MATERIALS,

page_text: AND IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Francis Thomas Bond, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Thomas Bond, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is the combination of certain chemical
substances, either in the form of liquid or of powder so as to produce
compounds possessing in as high a degree as practicable the following
properties, viz.-Of coagulating albumen so as to destroy the physio-
logical activity of all living tissues and organisms; of neutralising the
alkaline, sulphuretted, and other products of the decomposition of organic
bodies; and of arresting the decomposition of such bodies. Also to
provide a simple form of mechanical apparatus capable of being easily
applied to waterclosets, privies, and commodes, by means of which the
liquid disinfectants herein-after described, or others of a similar kind,
may be readily supplied in given quantity to the receptacles of such
forms of convenience each time that they are used.
The disinfecting powders to which this Patent refers are of two
kinds.
For the purpose of forming the first of these I take the sulphates of
aluminium and iron (the latter in the form known to chemists as the
ferrous sulphate) each of them in a finely powdered state, and I combine
them mechanically with carbolic acid and with terebene (one of the a
isomers of terebenthenc which is a constituent of spirits of turpentine),
or with either carbolic acid or terebene alone. The proportions in
which these several bodies may be thus combined may vary somewhat,
according to the special object for which the powder is intended to be
employed; but those which I prefer and which will be found most
generally useful are eight parts by weight of sulphate of aluminium to
one part of sulphate of iron, and one part of a mixture of terebene and

page_text: carbolic acid in equal proportions, or of terebene or carbolic acid
alone.
Although I prefer for general purposes to use the two sulphates in
combination, as just mentioned, there are certain purposes for which
either of them may be used alone, in the proportion of nine parts of the
sulphate to one of the mixture of carbolic acid and tercbene, or of either
of those bodies alone, or in such other proportions as may be desired.
In this way the specific antiseptic and deodorising properties of carbolic
acid and terebene are added to the similar properties possessed by the
metallic sulphates and a product obtained which possesses properties
which neither of its constituents possesses separately. This combination
will be found very useful in deodorising and disinfecting the contents of
privies, urinals, cesspools, drains, and sewers.
Although I prefer to prepare the above combination in the form of
powder in order to facilitate its ready and economical carriage I may
also prepare it in the form of liquid by dissolving one or both of the said
salts in an appropriate quantity of water, and adding thereto terebene
and carbolic acid. The terebene which I use for this and other purposes
is obtained, as described in ordinary chemical works, by the action of
sulphuric acid on spirits of turpentine, and is strictly speaking a mixture
of terebene and colophene. Its advantages when thus used are that it
diffuses an agreeable odour of its own, which when it is combined with
carbolic acid materially modifies the disagrecable odour of that agent,
that in addition to possessing considerable antiseptic powers it is an
energetic deodorant, and that when added to any decomposing or
decomposable liquid it floats in consequence of its low specific gravity
on the surface of the liquid, which it thus covers with a film that is
impermeable to gaseous diffusion.
Where a more powerful disinfectant is required, especially for use in
cases of infectious disease I take the sulphate of copper instead of the
sulphate of iron in consequence of its much greater energy as a coagu-
lator of albumen, and I combine it with the sulphate of aluminium
(both of them being in a pulverulent form), and with a mixture of
terebene and carbolic acid. I consider it advantageous for some pur-
poses to add to these substances thus combined a certain quantity of the
dichromate of potassium in consequence of the valuable antiseptic
properties of that salt, but this is not essential,

page_text: The proportions in which I prefer to combine these substances by weight
are as follows :—15 parts per cent. of sulphate of copper, 5 parts of dichro-
mate of potassium, 70 parts of sulphate of aluminium, and 10 parts of a
mixture of terebene and carbolic acid in equal proportions, all the salts
having been finely ground and well mixed together before adding the
terebene and carbolic acid. By this means a powder is obtained which
possesses even in the dry form considerable deodorant powers, and which
'when treated with water exhibits in a high degree the properties of
coagulating albumen, preventing the decomposition of organic bodies,
and neutralising the results of that process. This forms my second kind
of disinfecting powder. Although by thus dissolving this powder in
water an excellent extemporaneous disinfecting solution is obtained, I
prefer for several reasons to prepare a liquid modification of it which
is more suitable for keeping in the following way :-I take any given
quantity of water, and dissolve in it as much of the sulphates of
aluminium and copper and of the dichromate of potassium as it will
take up. To the saturated solution thus obtained I add terebene in the
proportion of about 1 part to 7 of the solution by bulk. The latter
operation I prefer to perform when the solution is introduced into the
vessels in which it is to be supplied for use. Or I produce a second
form of disinfecting liquid by adding to the above saturated solution a
certain quantity of permanganate of potassium, instead of terebene, in
the proportion of about four drachms of the dry salt to one pint of

page_text: property of importance for disinfecting purposes on the previous com-
bination; it only intensifics those which were previously possessed
by it.
In preparing the modification of my liquid disinfectant in which the
permanganate of potassium is employed it is important that the sul-
phates of copper and aluminium should be free from sulphate of iron
(ferrous sulphate) with which the ordinary crude forms of these salts
are almost invariably contaminated, or else great waste and possibly
entire destruction of the permangate will occur.
.
The third form of my disinfecting liquid is prepared by mixing tere-
bene and carbolic acid together, and using them in this form alone
without the addition of any metallic salt. The proportions in which I
prefer to thus mix them are in equal parts, but these proportions may
be somewhat varied according to the special objects in view.
Lastly, for some purposes I use terebene by itself as a disinfectant in
cases where moderate antiseptic action combined with considerable
deodorising power is required.
I will now proceed to describe the nature of the apparatus for
applying the liquid disinfectants above described to closets, commodes,
or privics, to which my Invention refers.
The form of this apparatus will be readily understood from the
Drawings which accompany this Specification and form part thereof,
and of which Figure 1 represents a vertical section of the apparatus.
through the middle line (z, z, Figure III.) from front to back of the
apparatus; Figure II. is a view of the under surface thereof; and
Figure III. is a view of the upper surface of the same, the dotted lines.
in each of the two latter Figures representing details of the interior of
the apparatus, which are not actually visible on the outside.
The terms "under" and "upper" refer respectively to the position'
in which the apparatus is placed when attached to the under side of the
closed lid of a closet, and the terms "front" and "back" refer to those
portions of the apparatus which are respectively furthest from and
nearest to the hinges of the lid of the closet when the apparatus is
attached thereto in the manner just described.
The same initial letters of reference in the various Figures indicate
:

page_text: The apparatus consists of a flattened oval vessel A, which together
with its various parts may be made of tin, copper, or any other suitable
non-corrosive metal. The front end of such flattened oval vessel A is
provided with a short neck B open at the ends so as to form an aperture
for the purpose of introducing liquids into the vessel. The inner surface
of this neck may be furnished with a screw thread, as shewn in the
Drawings at e, e, Figures 1, 2, and 3, to permit of a suitable metal cap,
shewn at C, Figures 1, 2, and 3 being screwed thereon in order to render
the aperture of the neck water-tight, but this is not essential, as the
possibility of liquid flowing out of the neck when the vessel is full, and
the lid to which it is attached is depressed, is prevented by the following
arrangement, viz. :-In the interior of the vessel about half an inch from
the neck B I fix a plate L, the two sides and one end of which are bent
at right angles and attached to the anterior side of the vessel so as to
form a sort of box. The floor of this box is free at one end, which
projects through a rectangular aperture in the upper side of the vessel,
shewn at a, a, Figure I., which is cut for the purpose about one quarter
of an inch beyond the upper surface of the vessel. Over the free edge
of the plate which thus projects, a small box, shewn at M, Figures I.
and III., is fixed so as to prevent the liquid inside the vessel A from
flowing out of it, but not so as to prevent the liquid from flowing from
the neck of the vessel A into its interior through the aperture on each
side of I, represented by a, a, Figure I. A space of about one-eighth
of an inch is left between the free edge of L (shewn at o, Figures I. and
III.) and the roof of the box M. The object of this arrangement is to
prevent any liquid contained in the vessel A from flowing out of the
neck when the vessel A is in a horizontal position, which it cannot do,
inasmuch as it cannot in these circumstances flow over the free edge of
the plate L (as shewn at o, Figures I. and III.), which, as is seen from
Figure 1, is at a higher level than the liquid can assume, and which
cannot be higher than that indicated by the dotted line, f, Figure I.
It will be evident from the way in which L and M are related to one
another, and to the rest of the vessel, that when the vessel A is in the
vertical position and liquid is poured into the neck B, before it can pass into
the body of the vessel it must flow along the floor of L through the aperture
a, a, into M, round the free edge o of the plate L, again through a, and
so into the body of the vessel A. As this construction renders the neck B
practically water-tight the screw cap C is not absolutely necessary, and

page_text: Inside the flattened oval vessel A and on the upper surface of the
lower side thereof, I form a small receptacle D having the shape of a
flattish semilunar box of a capacity sufficient to contain about one and
a half drachms of the disinfecting liquid, and partly open along its upper
and anterior border, as indicated by the shaded space between the lines
b, b, b, b, in Figure IV., which represents the upper surface of the
receptacle. This receptacle D is intended to serve as a measurer of the
disinfecting liquid contained in the apparatus, and the aperture formed
in its upper surface as just described is for the purpose of allowing the
disinfecting liquid to fill it when the vessel A is in the horizontal
position. The measurer so constructed is fixed within the oval vessel A.
as previously described and shewn in the Drawings, an orifice c,
Figure IV., having been first made in the upper surface thereof to allow
of its being connected with a tube shewn at E, Figures I., II., and III.,
such tube E passing upwards through the upper side of the vessel, then
close along its upper surface, and finally terminating in a small flat
receptacle shewn at F, Figures I., II., and III., which is placed close to
and upon the upper surface of the oval vessel A. The capacity of such
receptacle F is a little larger than that of the receptacle D. In the
bottom of this second receptacle F an aperture shewn at d, Figures
I., II., 'and III., is made to which a tube (shewn at G, Figures 1
and II.) is connected, which passes obliquely downwards and then
forwards through the cavity of the vessel A, emerging from and pro-
jecting slightly beyond its under surface, as shewn at H, Figure II.;
Figure I., is a small lip affixed to the under surface of the vessel A in
order to catch any drops of the liquid disinfectant which may run down
from the aperture H when the lid of the closet is raised; N, Figures
I. and II. is a small rectangular plate so attached by one end to the
under surface of the vessel, that it can swing freely, forming a flap which
covers the aperture H and the lip of I, when the vessel A is in a vertical
position, as shewn at N, Figure II., and which allows the liquid to run
freely out of H when the vessel is in the horizontal position as shewn at
N, Figure I. On the upper periphery of the apparatus I form four
small lugs or projections shewn at K, K, K, K, Figures II. and III.,
each provided with a hole shewn at k³, k, k', k³, Figures II. and III., by
means of which the apparatus may be attached by nails or screws to the

page_text: under side of the lid of the closet or commode to which it is to be
applied. The flattened or oval vessel A should be about twice the depth
in front to what it is in the rear, and its width and length should be so
proportioned that it may readily fit into the aperture in the seat of the
closet when the lid is closed. Convenient dimensions for this purpose
are 10 inches in length by 8 inches in width, and a depth of 2 inches in
front and of one inch behind.
The mode of charging the apparatus and the method of its action are
as follows:-The lid of the closet being open and the attached vessel
being consequently in a vertical position, the metal cap C if there be one
on the neck is unscrewed, and the disinfecting liquid poured in until the
vessel A is full, when the metal cap O may be again screwed on, or the
aperture of the neck B may be left unclosed as before described and the
lid of the closet closed. The measurer or receptacle D then becomes
filled with the disinfecting liquid. When the lid is again raised in
order to use the closet, the liquid in the measurer D escapes by the tube
E and passes into the receptacle F, the measurer D now becoming empty,
and when the lid of the closet is again closed the disinfecting liquid
which is contained in the receptacle F flows out by the tube G until it
reaches the aperture H, through which it passes into the pan of the
closet. Thus the apparatus works automatically with the action of the
closet lid, and the disinfecting liquid will in most cases be discharged
after the closet has been used and (in the case of waterclosets) the soil
has been flushed away, thus leaving the water in the pan of the closet
permanently charged with the disinfectant until the closet is next used.
i Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that as
respects the combination of substances above specified, I do not claim as
a novelty the special use for disinfecting purposes of any one of the
combinations above referred to when used separately by itself, except in
the case of the substance above specified as being a combination of
colophene and terebene, but what I claim is,-
1°. The construction and use of an apparatus for supplying liquid
disinfectants to closets and commodes, substantially in the manner and
for the purposes herein-before set forth and described.
2°. The use for disinfecting and deodorising purposes of the combination
of the substances known to chemists as terebene and colophene (and

page_text: which in the Specification is generally disignated as "terebene"), either
uncombined or in combination with the other chemical agents herein
specified.
3º. The combination in the form of powder of cither or of both of the
sulphates of aluminium and iron with a mixture of carbolic acid and
terebene.
4°. The combination in the form of a powder of the sulphates of
copper and aluminium with a mixture of carbolic acid and terebenc, and
cither with or without the dichromate of potassium.
5°. The combination in a liquid form of the sulphate of copper (either
with or without the sulphate of aluminium and the dichromate of
potassium) with terebene alone or with permanganate of potassium
alone.
6°. The combination of terebone with carbolic acid to be used either
alone or in combination with any one or all of the foregoing salts.
7°. The use for disinfecting purposes of the substance hercin-before
described under the name of terebene.
In conclusion I would add that in forming the above-mentioned
combinations, I do not restrict myself to the use of the dichromate or
permanganate of potassium, as I may employ in lieu of them the
corresponding salts of sodium.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Thomas Bond, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
FB ---ATA MTTA
DAVR
FRANCIS THOMAS BOND, M.D. (L.S.)