Improvements in the Manufacture of Oil Paints and Compositions from Carbonized or Calcined Ironstone or Iron-ore.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Apr., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 19th June, 1894--Accepted, 21st July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Oil Paints and Compositions
from Carbonized or Calcined Ironstone or Iron-ore.
I ARTHUR ANGELL of the County Laboratory Southampton in the County of
Hants Ph.D. F.I.C. do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of oil paints and compositions for
decorative and preservative and other purposes by grinding together or otherwise
mixing carbonized or calcined ironstone or iron-ore (such as the matter known by
the trade name of "Polarite") and oil.
In oil paints and compositions as heretofore manufactured from such materials
the maximum of durability and adhesiveness has not been attained. This defect I
have ascertained is due to imperfect impregnation of the carbonized matter with
the oil which imperfect impregnation is due to the facts that the carbonized matters
referred to and especially "polarite" are of extremely porous structure and like
all porous substances hold moisture in or on the surfaces of their pores or capillary
spaces with great tenacity and also to the fact that oil is not miscible with water or
moist vapour particularly in capillary spaces and therefore will not perfectly enter
or saturate or permeate porous matter which is in a moist state.
Now the object of my invention is to remedy the defect herein before stated and
this object I attain by thoroughly drying the polarite or other carbonized matter
and mixing it with the oil before moisture again enters the pores.
I have found that when the powdered polarite or other carbonized or calcined
matter is heated to a temperature of about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and allowed to
cool and then mixed with the oil a paint or composition is produced which is free
from the defect referred to.
In consequence of the extreme porosity of polarite my invention is of especial
importance in the manufacture of paint from that material.
Compositions prepared according to my invention are especially suited for use in
the manufacture of floor cloths of the kind known as linoleum camptulicon cortecene
and other like floorcloths and also for putty for making watertight joints in steam
apparatus and the like.
Dated this 14th day of April 1894.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Oil Paints and Compositions
from Carbonized or Calcined Ironstone or Iron-ore.
I ARTHUR ANGELL of the County Laboratory Southampton in the County of
Hants Ph.D. F.I.C. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the manufacture of oil paints and compositions for
preserving iron and steel from corrosion as well as for preserving stone and wood
and for decorative and other purposes by grinding together or otherwise mixing
carbonized or calcined ironstone or iron-ore (such as the matter known by the trade
name of "Polarite") and oil.

page_text: "
In oil paints and compositions as heretofore manufactured from such materials
the maximum of durability and adhesiveness has not been attained. This defect I
have ascertained is due to imperfect impregnation of the carbonized matter with
the oil which imperfect impregnation is due to the facts that the carbonized matters
referred to and especially "polarite" are of extremely porous structure and like
all porous substances hold moisture in or on the surfaces of their pores or capillary
spaces with great tenacity and also to the fact that oil is not miscible with water or
moist vapour particularly in capillary spaces and therefore will not perfectly enter
or saturate or permeate porous matter which is in a moist state.
Now the object of my invention is to remedy the defect herein before stated and
this object I attain by thoroughly drying the polarite or other carbonized matter
and mixing it with the oil before moisture again enters the pores.
I have found that when the powdered polarite or other carbonized or calcined
matter is heated to a temperature sufficiently high to drive the moisture out of the
pores thereof and allowed to cool and then mixed with the oil a paint or composition
is produced which is free from the defect referred to.
The powder may be dried by spreading it in layers two or three inches thick on
iron plates heated by any convenient means and stirring it occasionally with a
spatula or other suitable instrument until steam or vapour of water ceases to escape
from the powder when it is stirred.
After all moisture has been driven off from the powder I allow it to cool to a
temperature of about one hundred degrees Fahrenheit and then mix it with oil in a
paint mill or otherwise. As in the ordinary manufacture the proportion of oil
required is dependent on the consistence which the mixture is required to have and
the purpose for which it is to be used i.e. whether it is required for use as ordinary
paint to be applied by means of a brush or in the decoration of floor cloth or as a
putty for making joints.
Porous matters being prone to absorb moisture from the atmosphere it is
important that the polarite and other porous materials hereinbefore referred to be
not allowed to cool down to the temperature of the atmosphere and remain exposed
thereto after being dried as hereinbefore described and before being mixed with
the oil.
I prefer to reduce the material to the required degree of fineness before heating
it to drive off the moisture, but this is not essential as the material may be further
reduced by grinding after it has been mixed with the oil.
In the treatment of black polarite for the manufacture of black paint according
to my invention the temperature to which the polarite is exposed for the purpose
of drying it should not be higher than two hundred and forty degrees Fahrenheit
in order that the colour or intensity of the blackness of the material may not be
impaired. Where (as in the case of red polarite) objectionable change of colour is
not produced by exposure to a high degree of heat a considerably higher temperature
is unobjectionable. The lowest temperature which can be used effectively is about
two hundred degrees Fahrenheit.
Although I have described a convenient method of drying the material I wish it
to be understood that my invention is not restricted thereto as any other method or
means by which moisture may be effectually driven out of the pores of the material
may be used. For instance the material may be dried by exposing it to heat in a
revolving cylinder.
In consequence of the extreme microscopic porosity of polarite the treatment of
that material as herein before described is of especial importance where paint made
from it is to be applied to the preservation of iron and steel ships bridges buoys and
other structures and articles much exposed to the action of the atmosphere and
water especially sea water and also in cases where metals stone and other materials
are required to be exposed to the action of fumes and vapours which have an
injurious effect on them.
Compositions prepared according to my invention are valuable for use in the
manufacture of floor cloths of the kind known as linoleum camptulicon cortecene

page_text: and other like floorcloths and also for putty for making joints in steam apparatus.
and other apparatus which is exposed to high temperatures. They also form
valuable waterproofing materials for canvas and other flexible or pliant fabrics.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improvements hereinbefore described in the manufacture of oil paints and
compositions from carbonized or calcined ironstone or iron-ore which improvements
consist in beating the ironstone or iron-ore sufficiently to drive off the moisture-
contained in the microscopic pores thereof and adding the oil thereto before.
moisture again enters the pores.
Dated the 10th do of Tune 1904
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.