IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WITHDRAWING MILK FROM Cows AND OTHER MAMMIFERE AND FOR CONDUCTING IT WHEN WITHDRAWN TO APPROPRIATE RECEIVERS
Year: 1863

page_text: ETTERS PATENT. to Margaret Barland; of Mount Street, Grosvenor
Square, and Edward Henry Cradock Monckton, of the Cavendish
Club, Regent Street, both in the County of Middlesex, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WITHDRAWING MILK FROM
Cows AND OTHER MAMMIFERE AND FOR CONDUCTING IT WHEN WITHDRAWN
TO APPROPRIATE RECEIVERS."-Partly a communication from abroad by
Thomas Barland, residing at Eau Clair, Wisconsin, in the United
States of America.
Sealed the 23rd October 1863, and dated the 29th April 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Margaret Barland, and
Edward Henry Cradock Monckton, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th April 1863.
We, MARGARET BARLAND, of Mount Street, Grosvenor Square, and
EDWARD HENRY CRADOCK MONCKTON, of the Cavendish Club, Regent
Street, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WITHDRAWING MILK
FROM COWS AND OTHER MAMMIFERCE, AND FOR CONDUCTING IT WHEN WITHDRAWN
TO APPROPRIATE RESERVOIRS," the saine being the result partly of communication
from abroad made to us by Thomas Barland, resident in Eau Clair,
Wisconsin, in the United States of America, and partly-of-Invention-and-
discovery made by ourselves, to be as follows
י
r
This Invention consists of certain improved apparatus, by the aid of
which milk may be withdrawn from cows and other mammiferoe with
greater rapidity, and with less labour than by the methods at present in

page_text: use, and may be also collected in convenient reservoirs by improved
means. We propose to construct a small tube or pipe of metal electro-
plated or otherwise, ivory, vulcanite, ebonite, or other suitable substance,
the diameter being about three-sixteenths of an inch, more or less, and
the length about one and a half to three inches, more or less, one end
being tapered to a conical or blunt point or head, and being perforated
with several holes of an oval, round, or other shape; one of these tubes is
to be inserted in each teat of the animal; in some cases it may be
necessary to keep the tube in position in the teat by means of an elastic
band encircling the teat, and pressing it against the surface of the tube.
So also the tubes may be secured against the danger of penetrating too
deeply into the teat by means of a disc or small head plate fixed around
the tubes near their lower ends. The effect of the insertion of these
tubes will be that the milk will flow through the perforations into the
tapered ends of the tubes, and consequently will pour through them in
a regular and continuous stream until the milk is exhausted.
In order to receive and safely retain the milk as it flows from the tubes
we propose to make the animals stand transversely across a trough, in
which pans or vessels may be placed, we should prefer in most cases
that the tops of these vessels should be somewhat of the shape of the
udder of the cow, and that they should be fixed in a raised or elevated
position, so that the udders of the animals should partly enter therein
after the insertion of the tubes, whereby the risk of milk being wasted
would be avoided. And to compel the animal to remain in the desired
position, we propose to attach a series of straps or bands to the edges
of these vessels or troughs, in such manner that a strap may be taken up
on each side of the animal, and the two brought together and fastened
over its back by means of hooks or buckles at the ends of the straps.
Or, we propose in some cases to apply these straps or bands to a gutta
percha bag or vessel of any suitable shape encasing the udder of the
animal, into which vessel the milk will flow and run out if desired
through a pipe inserted therein to the main pipe or trough; other
materials may be adopted than gutta percha. We propose to construct
a continuous or a jointed tube of gutta percha or other suitable sub-
stance, into which the milk from each vessel should flow and be collected
at one operation. The pipe should be secured in a trough or other strong
fixture, across which the animal should be made to stand as before, and
the pans or vessels should be furnished with a small pipe connecting
them with the main tube, whereby the milk would run from them as
described into the gutta percha pipe. The troughs into which the milk
is discharged may be made of any length and of any suitable material, so
as to suit any number of cows, and their ends or one end only may be

page_text: introduced into other troughs connected with a tub or reservoir; the
troughs under the cows should be moveable, the other troughs running
between the cows to the tubs. should be fixtures, so that by fastening the
moveable to the fixed troughs there will be no fear from the motion or
kicking of the cows.
We proceed to give in detail various methods which we propose to
adopt, which all consist in introducing apparatus of various construc-
tions, which need not necessarily be tubes, into the teats of cows, which
shall more or less expand the muscles and natural orifice of the teat, so
as to allow the passage of the milk downwards as long as such apparatus
shall remain in the teat. Some few examples of such methods are as
follows: One, two, or more wires are to be united to a conical rim,
which may be closed or open at pleasure at the top and similarly at the
bottom to a rim or ring of metal; these wires may be made of any,
reasonable length, say from one to six inches, more or less, and may thus
be thrust up into the teat; by this means of opening the orifice, the milk
will run down the natural orifice of the teat.
Another method is to make a coil of wire which would form a sub-
stitute for a tube.
Another method is to coil a sheet of metal, so that the folds of it shall
not, be united, but being bent inwards shall not hurt the teat, and be
guarded by a cap at the top, which may be perforated or not at pleasure.
Even a straw or tube of wood, or other material as wood or glass, may, in
like manner be used; a pipe may be inserted within a tube for the admis;
sion of air; in short, the above are a few of the methods only that may
be applied for the purpose of more or less distending the orifice, of the
teat, either wholly or partially, or of causing the muscles of the teat to
be more or less relaxed.
In addition to the above methods, we occasionally use (especially if
the teats are suffering from disorder) a compress applied to the udders
to press out the milk, and also, where such may be necessary, of elastic
bands or tubes or. compressers of suitable material to relaxed teats.to.
prevent the flow of milk at other times besides those of milking, and
which have the effect of giving a support to the muscles, and enabling
them to gain their natural elasticity.
Any material suitable to the purpose may be used in the construction
of our varied apparatus, as we do not confine ourselves to metals; such-
for example as glass, gutta-percha, wood, or india-rubber, and if of
metal the apparatus may be electro-plated.
This Invention we apply, varying the size
size and proportions of our appa-
ratus to withdrawing the milk from the udders of all mammiferce or

page_text: animals capable of yielding milk, and thus also we apply it for this pur-
pose to the breasts of women.
We also in some cases apply pumps, syringes, expanding india-rubber
balls, and other exhausting apparatus to our tubes to cause the milk to
be drawn off more rapidly, especially where the orifice of the teat or
nipple is small; we are thus enabled to use very small tubes where there
is local disorder, as a sore teat or nipple.
One great advantage gained by this system is that the milk will keep
longer without becoming sour.
By the ordinary process every particle of milk is oxygenated, and the
pail filled with froth by the violence of the squirt given to the milk,
whereas here it flows gently out, this squirt is avoided, there is hardly
any frothing, and the time that the thin streams of milk are in contact
with the air is lessened by one-fourth.
We therefore, where it is an object to preserve milk sweet for a long
time, withdraw it from the udders into bottles or other suitable
receptacles by means of long tubes united into one main tube, and leave
only a small orifice at the mouth for the air to escape, or we use collapsed
elastic bottles or cases, or exhaust or vacuum pumps to withdraw the
milk into receivers previously exhausted of air, by which means the
oxydising contact of air is altogether avoided. These vessels may be
previously made warm or not at pleasure.
We propose in some cases to enlarge our apparatus, so as to make it
'enclose the entire udder of the animal in an air-tight manner, when by
exhausting air milk will flow from the respective teats, and may be con-
veyed away as before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Margaret Barland and Edward Henry Cradock
Monckton, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, MARGARET
BARLAND, of Mount Street, Grosvenor Square, and EDWARD HENRY
CRADOCK MONCKTON, of the Cavendish Club, Regent Street, both in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and.
grant unto us, the said Margaret Barland and Edward Henry Cradock
Monckton, Her special license that we, the said Margaret Barland and
Edward Henry Cradock Monckton, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Margaret Barland and Edward
Henry Cradock Monckton, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WITHDRAWING MILK FROM
Cows AND OTHER MAMMIFERCE, AND FOR CONDUCTING IT WHEN WITHDRAWN TO
APPROPRIATE RECEIVERS," the result partly of communication from abroad made
to us by Thomas Barland, resident at Eau Clair, Wisconsin, in the United
States of America, and partly of invention and discovery made by our-
selves, upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Margaret
Barland and Edward Henry Cradock Monckton, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Margaret Barland and Edward Henry
Cradock Monckton, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention consists of certain improved apparatus, by the aid of
which milk may be withdrawn from cows and other mammiferce with
greater rapidity and with less labour than by the methods at present in
use, and may be also collected in convenient receivers by improved means.
We propose to construct a small tube or pipe of metal, electro-plated
or otherwise, ivory, vulcanite, ebonite, or other suitable substance, the
diameter being about three-sixteenths of an inch, more or less, and the
length about one and a half to three inches, more or less, one end being
tapered to a conical or blunt point or head, and being perforated" with
several holes of an oval, round, or other shape; one of these tubes-is-to-
be inserted in each teat of the animal'; in some cases it may be necessary
to keep the tube in position in the teat by means of an elastic-band-
encircling the teat and pressing it against the surface of the tube. So
also the-tubes may be secured against the danger of penetrating too deeply
into the teat-by means of a disc or small head plate fixed around the

page_text: .
tubes near their lower ends. The effect of the insertion of these tubes
will be that the milk will flow through the perforations into the tapered
ends of the tubes, and consequently will pour through them in a regular
and continuous stream until the milk is exhausted.
In order to receive and safely retain the milk as it flows from the tubes,
we make the animals stand transversely across a trough, in which pans
or vessels may be placed; we should prefer in most cases that the tops
of these vessels should be somewhat of the shape of the udder of the cow,
and that they should be fixed in a raised or elevated position, so that
the udders of the animals should partly enter therein after the insertion
of the tubes, whereby the risk of milk being wasted would be avoided.
And to compel the animal to remain in the desired position we attach a
series of straps or bands to the edges. of these vessels or troughs, in such
manner that a strap may be taken up on each side of the animal, and
the two brought together and fastened over its back by means of hooks
or buckles at the ends of the straps. Or in some cases we apply these
straps or bands to a gutta percha bag or vessel of any suitable shape
encasing the udder of the animal, into which vessel the milk will flow
and run out if desired through a pipe inserted therein to the main pipe
or trough; other materials may be adopted than gutta percha. We con-
struct a continuous or a jointed tube of gutta percha or other suitable
'substance, into which the milk from each vessel will flow and be collected
at one operation. The pipe should be secured in a trough or other strong
fixture, across which the animals should be made to stand as before, and
the pans or vessels should be furnished with a small pipe connecting
them with the main tube, whereby the milk would run from them as
described into the gutta percha pipe. The troughs into which the milk
is discharged may be made of any length, and of any suitable material,
so as to suit any number of cows, and their ends or one end only may
be introduced into other troughs connected with a tub or reservoir;
.the troughs under the cows should be moveable, the other troughs running
between the cows to the tubs should be fixtures, so that by fastening
the moveable to the fixed troughs there will be no fear from the motion
or kicking of the cows.
We proceed to give in detail various methods which we propose to
adopt, which all consist in introducing apparatus of various construc-
tions, which need not necessarily be tubes, into the teats of cows, which
shall more or less expand the muscles and natural orifice of the teat, so as
to allow the passage of the milk downwards as long as such apparatus
shall remain in the teat.
. Some few examples of such methods are as follows:-One, two, or
more wires are to be-united to a conical rim; which may be closed or

page_text: open at pleasure at the top, and similarly--at the bottom to a rim or ring
of metal; these wires may be made of any reasonable length, say from
one to six inches, more or less, and may thus be thrust up into the teat;
by this means of opening the orifice, the milk will run down the natural
orifice of the teat.
Another method is to make a coil of wire, which would form a sub-
stitute for a tube.
Another method is to coil a sheet of metal, so that the folds of it
shall not be united, but being bent inwards shall not hurt the teat, and
be guarded by a cap at the top which may be perforated or not at
pleasure. Even a straw or tube of wood or other material, as wood or
glass, may in like manner be used; a pipe may be inserted within a tube
for the admission of air; in short, the above are a few of the methods
only that may be applied for the purpose of more or less distending the
orifice of the teat either wholly or partially, or of causing the muscles. of
the teat to be more or less relaxed.
24
In addition to the above methods we occasionally use (especially if the
teats are suffering from disorder) a compress applied to the udders to
press out the milk, and also, where such may be necessary, of elastic
bands or tubes or compressers of suitable material to relaxed teats, to
prevent the flow of milk at other times besides those of milking, and
which have the effect of giving a support to the muscles and enabling
them to gain their natural elasticity.
Another, of our methods is as follows:-Wire of silver or other metal
is to be cut into suitable lengths and stamped thin and in proper shape in
their centres; two or more of these wires are then to be placed across
each other and soldered; they are then bent up into shape, and their
other ends, similarly stamped, so as to fit on to and be soldered within a
small flanged rim flanged at right angles, as if a short length of angle
iron were bent round to form a ring.
Any material suitable to the purpose may be used in the construction
of our varied apparatus, as we do not confine ourselves to metals, such
for example as glass, gutta percha, wood, india-rubber, and other suit-
able materials, and if of metal the apparatus may be electro-plated.
This Invention we apply, varying the size and proportions of our
apparatus, to withdrawing the milk from the udders of all mammiferce
or animals capable of yielding milk, and thus also we apply it for this
purpose to the breasts of women.
We also in some cases apply pumps, syringes, expanding-india-=
rubber balls, and other exhausting apparatus to our tubes, to cause' the

page_text: or nipple is small; we are thus enabled to use very small tubes where
there is local disorder, as a sore teat or nipple.
One great advantage gained by this system is that the milk will keep
longer without becoming sour.
By the ordinary process, every particle of milk is oxygenated, and the
pail filled with froth by the violence of the squirt given to the milk,
whereas here it flows gently out, this squirt is avoided, there is hardly
any frothing, and the time that the thin streams of milk are in contact
with the air is lessened by one-fourth.
We therefore, where it is an object to preserve milk sweet for a long
time, withdraw it from the udders into bottles or other, suitable
receptacles by means of long tubes united into one main tube, and leave
only a small orifice at the mouth for the air to escape; or we use collapsed
elastic bottles or cases, or exhaust or vacuum pumps to withdraw the
milk into receivers previously exhausted of air, by which means the
oxydizing contact of air is altogether avoided. These vessels may be
previously made warm or not at pleasure.
We propose in some cases to enlarge our apparatus, so as to make it
enclose the entire udder of the animal in an air-tight manner, when by
exhausting air milk will flow from the respective teats, and may be con-
veyed away as. before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Margaret Barland, and Edward
Henry Cradock Monckton, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Twenty-seventh day of October, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-three.
Witness,
ALEXR. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square
Charing Cross.
MARGARET BARLAND. (L.S.)
E. H. C. MONCKTON.
(L.S.)