IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whiteley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1877.
JOHN WHITELEY, of 28, Red Cross Street, Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
My improvements consist, firstly, in the employment of a series of conical or other
converging vessels, made of strong materials, and capable of sustaining great
internal pressure; two or more of these vessels are connected together, the apex of
the one being passed through or jointed to the base of the other, and so on in like
manner, where more than two are required to be connected, and in such way that
there shall be free and open communication internally between one and the other.
Each set of conical or other converging vessels so connected I next attach to arms
projecting from a central shaft supported by suitable bearings, so that the whole
may freely revolve; the vessels being so attached to the arms before named
that the apexes of each set may be turned in any desired direction by mechanical
means.
The several sets of vessels are so constructed as to be easily charged with air,
gas, water, or other fluid of a compressible and elastic nature, and being thus charged
with more or less pressure as desired, the apexes of the several sets of vessels
pointing in such direction as the central shaft may be desired to move, the effectual
pressure upon the internal apexes and sides of each set of vessels severally being
greater than that on the internal bases, it will cause the whole to revolve at more
or less speed, proportionate to the pressure employed, combined with the length
of arms, and number, size, and shape of the conical or other converging vessels
in use.
To stop the apparatus, one half of these vessels might be turned that their apexes
point in opposite direction to the stationary half, but the two halves of the vessels
to be moved must turn in contrary ways to arrive at that position in order that the
equilibrium may be preserved; or all the vessels might be turned one quarter round,
the two halves being again moved in opposite directions for the reason before stated;
or the apexes and axes of all the vessels might be placed in a position at right
angles to the central shaft.

page_text: To reverse the apparatus, all the vessels require to be turned with their apexes
pointing in contrary way to their original motion, and the regulation of the speed is
dependent upon the intermediate positions of the moving vessels from stoppage to
maximum power, whether backward or forward.
The same principle of regulating the speed and of stopping or reversing the
motion is applied to both stationary, locomotive, or aërial apparatus.
In place of having two or more conical or other converging vessels, as before
described, single vessels can be attached to the several arms of the revolving shaft
before named, all other conditions being the same, but in aërial apparatus not less
than two sets of vessels should be employed. The necessary power for locomotive
or aerial motion is conveyed by simply having the conical or other converging vessels
arranged in a frame in such manner that by mechanical means the several apexes
can be pointed in any desired direction to govern the speed, and stop or reverse the
apparatus, and in aërial motion to determine besides the course desired, just as may
be necessary.
The second part of my Invention consists in the employment of a tank or vessel
capable of sustaining great pressure, which is duly charged with air, gas, water, or
other fluid of a compressible and clastic nature, by.hydraulic pumps, or by such
other means as may be desired. I next employ two or more pairs of cylinders
having pistons connected in the usual manner to cranks fitting on a shaft, to which
a revolving motion is desired to be given; between each of these cylinders and the
tank or vessel alluded to, I have placed one or more conical or other converging
vessels, tubes, or pipes joined together as described in the first part of my Invention,
the base of each tube being towards the tank or vessel duly charged with com-
pressible fluid, whilst the apex of each points towards and is connected with the
cylinder.
Each separate piston having been forced the required distance on beginning to
return, a valve in the exhaust pipe is opened by mechanical means, and the exhaust
pressure is conveyed through another similar series or set of conical or other con-
verging tubes back into the tank or vessel before described, but the apex of each
tube in this instance points towards the tank or vessel, thus causing the exhaust
pressure to overcome the supply pressure.
The several cranks connected with their respective cylinders are set at different
angles so that the power exerted may be equally divided during each portion of a
revolution of the crank shaft.
The speed is regulated and the apparatus stopped by the usual mechanical
means in connection with valves in the supply or exhaust tubes, and the
motion is reversed by changing the travel of the valves in the exhaust pipes
or conical or other converging vessels. The above principle is applicable to either
stationary or locomotive power.
The third part of my Invention relates to the application of the same principle
for injecting cold or hot water, or other fluid into a steam boiler, tank, or other
vessel in the employment of one or more conical or other converging tubes joined
together in manner as before described, the base of each tube being towards and in
connection with a pipe leading from the steam boiler, tunk, or other vessel, whilst,
there is attached at a convenient angle another pipe connected with the water or
other fluid supply; thus the steam or other fluid from the boiler, tank, or other
vessel being turned on through the conical or other converging tubes before nained,
passes through another set, having their apexes pointing in a similar direction, and
thence to the steam boiler, tank, or other vessel, and in doing so the water or other
fluid is drawn along with it in such quantity as may be required, the same being
regulated by valves in the usual manner.
The same principle is adaptable for circulation of any fluid, the apexes of the
conical or converging tubes employed in the outlet pipe leading from the boiler,
tank, or other vessel in use, pointing in the direction of the flow of the fluid, whilst
the apexes in conical or converging tubes of the return pipe connected with the
boiler, tank, or other vessel, point towards the same.

page_text: The same principle of using conical or converging vessels or tubes may be applied
wherever pressure is desired to be decreased or multiplied, as for instance where a
less or greater pressure is required in a steam cylinder than there is in the steam
boiler.
For raising fluid from any given point to a higher elevation, where it is
required to empty itself into an open tank or resorvoir, the last tube employed
should diverge from the delivering point, and further, should be submerged in
tho fluid.