IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELEVATORS AND HOISTS, AND THEIR ACCESSORIES, FOR GRAIN, SEEDS, COAL, SALT, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR USE IN DISCHARGING AND LOADING NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert Garland, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELEVATORS
AND HOISTS, AND THEIR ACCESSORIES, FOR GRAIN, SEEDS, COAL, SALT, AND
OTHER LIKE MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR USE IN DISCHARGING
AND LOADING NAVIGABLE VESSELS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert Garland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th November 1881.
HERBERT GARLAND, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELEVATORS AND HOISTS, AND THEIR ACCESSORIES;
FOR GRAIN, SEEDS, COAL, SALT, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE FOR USE IN DISCHARGING AND LOADING NAVIGABLE VESSELS."
My Invention has for its object to facilitate the removal and feeding of grain
and seeds, coal, salt, or other like materials, more particularly from and to the
holds of navigable vessels.
According to my Invention I combine a bucket or like elevator with a hoist
elevator with a view that the parts may be used for various purposes, and adapted
thereto; for example, the treatment of grain and seeds, coal or salt, or other like
materials.
Under the first part of my Invention I construct a combined elevator and hoist
for discharging grain or seed cargos in bulk from the holds of navigable vessels,
thus-By a suitable iron frame I suspend into the holds through the hatch ways a
duplicate system of bucket or scoop elevators working within tubular iron casings.
The endless bucket elevators and the casings are made with their lower portions
hinged together in lengths so as to be adaptable to be used in vessels of various
depths, and to be capable of the lower portions being set to work horizontally.
The casings and elevators move vertically on their framework so as to adapt
themselves to the depth of hold and cargo therein being worked. The elevators
are driven by a vertical shaft receiving motion from bevel or other gear. The
elevators discharge the grain or seed into a telescopic downspout which feeds the

page_text: grain into a hopper, and therefrom into the receptacles of a hoist which works as
an accessory to the bucket elevators. The hoist consists of a framework mounted
over the upper hatchway from which descends stays to the hatchway next below.
Between these stays run two receptacles, arranged so that when one is at the
bottom of the hoist and being filled from the hopper, the other is at the top of the
hoist and is discharging into another hopper, from whence the grain or seed is fed
to an endless creeper cloth, or to another system of bucket elevators. The hoist is
constructed in sections so as to suit the depths of different vessels. In lieu of the
hoist accessory I sometimes use where more suitable a second elevator, which is fed
from the first elevator and leads the material and conveys it to its destination. As
the cargo in the hold is taken out, the elevator first spoken of is lowered to
compensate for the increased depth, the telescopic shoot also collapsing to
correspond. The accessory hoist or elevator is a fixture with regard to its position
and merely conveys the material from the compensating elevator to its destination.
Under the second part of my Invention for loading coal or salt from barges into
vessels, I erect the hoist accessory described under the first part on a barge
provided with suitable machinery for operating the hoist. At the side of this
barge I construct a scraper elevator which descends from the barge into a flat or
other position from which the coal or salt is to be taken. This elevator delivers
the coal from the flat into a box divided into two compartments by a diaphragm.
The box is so positioned and fixed that when one compartment is full the box
turns over and discharges the contents of such compartment into the receptacle of
the-hoist.-The-other-compartment_coming_upperniost and receiving the material,
and so on, each compartment is discharged when it becomes full. This tumbling-
box can be made to register the number of times it is filled, and also by being
suspended on a lever or other suitable weighing mechanism, it will indicate the
weight of the material passed through it. From the hoist on the barge the material
is led by a suitable shoot into the ship's hold.
It will be understood that the combined elevator and hoist of my Invention is
applicable for use for warehouse and other shore purposes, as well as for use in
navigable vessels.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert Garland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th May
1882.
HERBERT GARLAND, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELEVATORS AND HOISTS, AND THEIR ACCESSORIES,
FOR GRAIN, SEEDS, COAL, SALT, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE FOR USE IN DISCHARGING AND LOADING NAVIGABLE VESSELS."
My Invention has for its object to facilitate the removal and feeding of grain
and seeds, coal, salt, or other like materials, more particularly from and to the
holds of navigable vessels.
According to my Invention I combine a bucket or like elevator with a hoist
elevator with a view that the parts may be used for various purposes and adapted
thereto; for example, the treatment of grain and seeds, coal, or salt, or other like
materials.
Under the first part of my Invention I construct a combined elevator and hoist
for discharging grain or seed cargoes in bulk from the holds of navigable vessels
thus: By a suitable iron frame I suspend into the holds through the hatchways a
duplicate system of bucket or scoop elevators working within tubular iron casings.
The endless bucket elevators and the casings are made with their lower portions
hinged together in lengths so as to be adaptable to be used in vessels of various
depths and to be capable of being set out to work. The casings and elevators move
vertically on their framework so as to adapt themselves to the depth of hold and
cargo therein being worked. The elevators are driven by a vertical shaft, receiving
motion from bevel or other gear. The elevators discharge the grain or seed into &
telescopic downspout, which feeds the grain into a hopper and therefrom into the
receptacles of a hoist, which works as an accessory to the bucket elevators. The
hoist consists of a framework mounted over the upper hatchway, from which
descends stays to the hatchway next below. Between these stays run two
receptacles arranged so that when one is at the bottom of the hoist and being filled
from the hopper the other is at the top of the hoist and is discharging into another
hopper, from whence the 'grain or seed is fed to an endless creeper cloth or to
another system of bucket elevators. In lieu of the hoist accessory I sometimes
use where more suitable a second elevator, which is fed from the first elevator and
leads the material and conveys it to its destination. As the cargo in the hold is
taken out the elevator first spoken of is lowered to compensate for the increased
depth, the telescopic shoot also collapsing to correspond. The accessory hoist or
elevator is a fixture with regard to its position and merely conveys the material
from the compensating elevator to its destination.
Under the second part of my Invention for loading coal or salt from barges into
vessels I erect the hoist accessory, described under the first part, on a barge
provided with suitable machinery for operating the hoist. At the side of this
barge I construct a scraper elevator, which descends from the barge into a flat or
other position, from which the coal or salt is to be taken. This elevator delivers
the coal from the flat into a box divided into two compartments by a diaphragm.
The box is so positioned and tixed that when one compartment is full the box turns
over and discharges the contents of such compartment into the receptacle of the
hoist, the other compartment coming uppermost and receiving the material, and so
on each compartment is discharged when it becomes full. This tumbling box
can be made to register the number of times it is filled, and also by being suspended
on a lever or other suitable weighing mechanism it will indicate the weight of the
material passed through it. From the hoist on the barge the material is led by a
suitable shoot into the ship's hold.

page_text: The before going being the nature of my Invention, I will now proceed to more
fully describe the same, and to show the construction, application, and method of
working the apparatus, and for that purpose I have hereunto attached four Sheets
of Drawings, which are marked with letters and figures of reference corresponding
with those in the following explanation, like letters and figures being used to
denote the same
or corresponding parts throughout the various views and
Figures.
Reference to the Drawings,
Figure 1 is an elevation of an elevator and hoist constructed according to my
Invention.
Figure 2 is an end view of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an elevation illustrating an accessory appliance in some cases to be
used with the apparatus shown at Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a side elevation illustrating my Invention as applied to discharging
and taking in coal.
Figure 5 is an elevation showing a further carrying out of my Invention, being
an alternative for the apparatus shown at Figure 1.
Figure 6 is an end view of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is an elevation illustrating an accessory appliance in some cases to be
used with the apparatus shown at Figure 5.
Figure 8 is an end view of Figure 7.
Figures 9 and 10 respectively illustrate Figure 9, loading ships with grain from
a barge and discharging grain from barge to quay; Figure 10, loading coal from
-barge to ship.-
Figures 11 and 12 illustrate my system of discharging casks,-bales,-and
packages.
Under the first part of my Invention, reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, in
constructing a combined elevator and hoist I suspend into the holds of ships a
duplicate system of bucket or equivalent elevator A. These elevators are
supported by the framework B and work within the casing C. The elevators A
and the casing Care made with their lower portions attached together in lengths,
so as to be applicable to work at various depths, so that they can be set out from
the points of suspension to work cargo away from the centre. The casings C, with
the elevators A, move vertically on the framework or suspension rods B, on which
they slide by means of the brackets D. The elevators are driven by bevel or
other toothed wheels from the vertical shaft E, which receives motion from the
bevel wheel or equivalent gear F driven from a steam winch or otherwise. The
elevators A discharge the seed, grain, salt, or other materials, which they are
working into the telescopic or equivalent spout G, which feeds the material into
the fixed hopper H, from which the material is led alternately to the hoist
receptacles J. J. The hoist receptacles J, J', are carried by and work on the
framework K, one receptacle being fed from the hopper H at the bottom while the
other receptacle is discharging into the hopper L at the top, the hopper H being
provided with a suitable swivelling spout or with trap doors so arranged as to feed
alternately the receptacle J or the receptacle J', as the case may be, or to entirely
close the feed; such mechanism is well known, and it is unnecessary for me to
describe the parts in detail. The receiving hopper L may be a plain fixed hopper,
or it may be suspended on levers or equivalent weighing mechanism in the manner
common to automatic grain scales and thus be able to register the weight of
material passing through it. The hopper L discharges the material onto the
endless travelling band or creeper M, or onto the accessory elevator M', by which
agency the material is carried to its destination. In lieu of the hoist accessory J, J',
I sometimes use the accessory elevator J, illustrated at Figure 3, which receives
the material direct from the elevators A, as shown. The accessory hoist J, J', or
elevator J, is a fixture in regard to its position, the elevator A being the
compensating agency by which the material is elevated from the varying depths.
Reference to Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8. These 'Figures illustrate an alternative

page_text: arrangement of the apparatus shown at Figure 1. In this case a single boist
accessory J is used, which works on the frame K. This hoist accessory J is of the
nature of a tilting bucket, which empties its contents automatically when it reaches
the top of the frame K by coming into contact with suitable stops, the contents
being discharged down the spout L' into the hopper L. In lieu of the compensating
elevator A, I use the tilting buckets A, A¹. These buckets are fed by the travelling
hand buckets A2, which are suspended from a rail as shown, so as to be capable of
conveying the material to the buckets A, A'. The buckets A, A', are suspended
from the levers or radiating frames B, B', and when lifted by the chain or rope b, b',
the handles d of the buckets A, A¹, come in contact with the levers B, B', and
eventually the buckets A, A', by coming in contact with the stops or bent.
arms a, a¹, are tilted, and discharge their contents into the hopper H from which
the material is fed to the accessory hoist J, which when full is hauled up the.
frame K, and discharged as before stated. The application of duplex bucket
elevators to this arrangement instead of tilting buckets, is shown in dotted lines at
Figure 5, and in details in Figures 7 and 8. In this case the hopper H is arranged
BO that it can be moved up and down the frame K to suit the height at which
the hoist accessory J is to be worked, and it is provided with a trap door at x
opened by the hoist accessory J as it comes down, the normal state of the door
being closed. Travelling hand buckets such as A2 may also be used for distributing
the material to or from a warehouse, as shown at Figure 5.
Under the second part of my Invention, reference to Figure 4, I erect the hoist
accessory J, J, (described under the first part in Figures 1 and 2) on a barge such
as O provided with suitable mechanism for operating the hoist. At the side of
the barge OI fit the hopper receptacle H, which in this case is of a tumbling
construction, and I construct the scraper elevator A, which consists of a series of
scrapers on an endless chain, which descends into the flat or vessel P and onto
which the coal is thrown and elevated into the tumbling hopper H, which
alternately fills the hoist receptacles J, J. This arrangement is suitable for loading
or discharging coal, salt, and like materials.
Reference to Figures 9 and 10. By these Figures are shown the adaptation of
the tilting bucket system worked from a barge or elevator vessel O. Reference to
Figure 9, it will be seen the accessory hoist receptacle J works on the frame K,
which is erected on the barge O and is fed by means of the elevating tilting
bucket A, operated from the crane arm B2, and governed by the radiating arms B,
the buckets being self tilting, into the shoot H, which operation is governed by a
suitable locking device h. By this system material such as grain may be discharged
from the barge P to the quay, or from the barge P to the ship Q, as will be
understood upon reference.
Upon reference to Figure 10 it will be seen that the accessory hoist receptacle J
is arranged to be fed with coal from the elevating tilting bucket A, the bucket
being filled by hand or otherwise, and emptying its contents down the shoot H
into the hoist receptacle J, by which it is elevated and discharged into the ship
through the side sboot or the spout i.
Reference to Figures 11 and 12, it will be seen that the accessory hoists can
also be utilized for working other cargoes than grain, namely, by fitting the frame K
of the hoist with a sliding shelf or lift j; the same machinery which works the hoist
can be adapted to work such lift, either independently or jointly with the accessory
hoist J. By fitting the jib M2 to the hoist frame K, the same hoisting gear can be
utilized for lifting casks, bales, and like goods.
In the working of the elevators and hoists according to my Invention, I would
have it understood that any suitable arrangement of steam or hand winch can be
used, also any suitable leads can be given to the ropes or chains by which the
various appliances are operated.
I would also have it understood that my Invention is not confined to the precise
details shown in the Drawings, but what I claim is,-
First. The construction and arrangement of the combined elevator and hoist

page_text: and their accessories, as herein described and shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the
Drawings.
Second. The construction and arrangement of the combined elevator and hoist
and their accessories, as herein described and shown at Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the
Drawings.
Third. The construction and arrangement of the combined elevator and hoist,
and their accessories, as herein described and shown at Figure 4 of the Drawings.
Fourth. The construction and arrangement of the combined elevator and hoist
and their accessories, as herein described and shown at Figure 9 of the Drawings.
Fifth. The construction and arrangement of the combined elevator and hoist
and their accessories, as herein described and shown at Figure 10 of the Drawings.
Sixth. The construction and arrangement of hoist, as herein described and shown
at Figures 11 and 12 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert Garland, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.