IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PORCELAIN, CHINA, OPAL GLASS, AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS, BY LITHOGRAPHIC, CHROMO-LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING AND GILDING.
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Charles Dolléans, Lithographic Printer, of
Paris, and of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PORCELAIN, CHINA, OPAL GLASS, AND SIMILAR
PRODUCTS, BY LITHOGRAPHIC, CHROMO-LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING AND GILDING.".
Sealed the 3rd November 1857, and dated the 7th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Charles Dólléans
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th May 1857.
I, LOUIS CHARLES DOLLEANS, Lithographic Printer, of Paris, and of 45,
Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PORCELAIN, CHINA, OPAL GLASS,
AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS, BY LITHOGRAPHIC, CHROMO-LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING AND
GILDING," to be as follows:--
This process consists in reproducing on porcelain, china, opal glass, and all
ceramic products generally, ornaments of all colours in gold, silver, or other
metals, by means of the counter-draw of proofs obtained by the impression of
any kind of pictures, such as flowers, landscapes, photographic portraits, &c.
I obtain with my new process an exact reproduction without retouching, with

page_text: the greatest facility and promptitude, and with a considerable economy over all
the other systems of ornamenting hitherto in use.
I operate in two different manners, viz.-
1stly, the picture is executed on lithographic stones with pencil, pen, or by
engraving. There must be as many stones as there are colours in the picture
to be reproduced. The proof on paper is composed of successive and super-
posed impressions, made either by means of varnishes or other suitable sub-
stances. It is strewed with colour reduced into an impalpable powder. The
paper serving for this impression is previously covered with glue or gum, and
then perfectly satined. The impression is similar to that of the chromo-
lithography, with this difference, that the deep colours are the first printed, so
that by the transfer on porcelain, &c. they are uppermost.
The counter-draw is made in the following manner:-The proof when
finished is slightly imbibed with water on the back, and cut so as to show its
form. It is then placed on the object to be ornamented, which has been pre-
viously coated with a fatty substance. I can coat at will either the proof or
the object to be ornamented.
To thoroughly glue the proof, I tap it with a sponge, slightly damped. I
place then the whole in a tub of water, and after a certain time of immersion
the paper comes off by itself from the object and leaves the proof adhering.
to it.
The baking is made in a muffle furnace, as done for pictures made by hand.
2°, the picture is made, not by parts as in the chromo-lithographic process,
but entirely finished on the same stone, only with more lightness than it is
generally done for a picture printed with but one colour.
The colouring of the proof is made by impression, by means of flat or
graduated tints. This kind of impression may be retouched with the brush,
if it is necessary. It gives the most varied effects, and it is more quickly
executed than by the former method.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Charles Dolléans in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
CHARLES DOLLÉANS, Lithographic Printer, of Paris, and of 45, Essex Street,
Strand, London, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Louis Dolleans, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Louis Dolléans, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Charles Louis Dolleans, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PORCELAIN, CHINA, OPAL GLASS, AND SIMILAR
PRODUCTS, BY LITHOGRAPHIC, CHROMO-LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING AND GILDING";
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Louis Dolleans,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in. the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent..
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Louis Dolleans, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My process consits in reproducing by means of colored impressions all
kinds of paintings on porcelain, earthenware, &c., such as flowers, landscapes,
portraits, photographs, &c., far more economically than any means of decoration
known up to the present time; & I obtain an exact reproduction by a most
easy means of execution.
Degrav
pencil. Engravings or impression of designs from copper, steel, or wood plates,
may also be transferred on the lithographic stone. There should be as many
stones as there are to be colors in the design to be copied.
The successive application of the stones, one after another, produces the
complete design; each stone is marked so as to cause the colors to be printed.
in their proper places.

page_text: These are the same means as are employed in the ordinary chromographic
impressions, the only difference being that the dark colors are printed first.
The colors are the same as those employed for painting on porcelain. They
must be reduced into the very finest powder. The impression is made on
paper, covered on one side with a layer of glue, flour, starch, gum arabec, or
other substance of the same nature. It must be well milled, in order to prevent
its stretching when the impression is taken.
The impression is made on the glued side with a varnish or mixture com-
posed of turpentine, lithographic, or other varnish. As soon as the proof is
taken, the color is put on with a small pad, & when all the colors have been
put on with the same varnish, an. uniform coat of color is to be applied on
the drawing. This coat of color should be plentiful, as it serves to stick the
proof on to the porcelain.
The transfer is done as follows:-The proof, slightly wetted on the back,
cut out so as to show its form, must be put on the porcelain carefully, as the
slightest rubbing would injure it. When it adheres well the whole is put into
a pail of water. In a few minutes the paper will come off of itself, the design
will remain adhered to the porcelain; then with a soft brush I wash off the
glue still adhering to the porcelain and the design. It is then allowed to dry.
A day after it may be baked, which is done by means of the inuffle furnace.
Care must be taken to let the varnish evaporate before exposing it to the
heat.
SECOND MEANS FOR EXECUTING THE DESIGN.
This consists in executing the design, not by degrees as for the chromo-
graphy, but a design entirely finished but more lightly done than for a design
printed in a single color. The design must be made in purple, violet, or brown,
according to the hue desired to be produced. The other colors, destined to
color this first proof, may be applied in a plain or varied coat, but not touching
the white parts. This process is called bold colored lithography. Very good
results are obtained by this method, which is of easy execution. The baking
is the same as for the preceding method.
I claim as constituting my Invention,―
1st, the application of proofs of drawings lithographed in several colors, &
transferred on porcelain. These designs are the reproduction of paintings on
porcelain, without any touching up, either with a brush or the hand.

page_text: 2dly, the employment of proofs of drawings engraved either hollow or in
relief on steel, copper, or wood, transferred on lithographic stones, and then
printed by lithographic means. These means enable me to obtain infinitely
more beautiful results than any obtained up to the present day.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Charles Dolleans, have hereunto
set my hand and seel, this Seventh day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
DOLLÉANS. (L.S.)