A New or Improved Switch Board or Frame for Electro-physical Experiments.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 24th June, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Switch Board or Frame for Electro-physical
Experiments.
I, ANTON SKROBANEK, of Geppertsau, near Liebau, in the Empire of Austria,
School Principal, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is a new or improved switch board or frame, the
construction of which admits by simple means of explaining and demonstrating
in schools and the like all the more important electro-physical experiments, in
such manner, that the separate known experimental apparatus can be connected
with or removed from the frame as required and hereinafter described.
In using my switch board or frame only very simple auxiliary apparatus or
devices are required, each of said auxiliary apparatus being employed for several
experiments; the connections are exceedingly simple and easily understood, so
that my device may with advantage be utilized for the purposes of instruction.
The said switch board or frame is illustrated in the accompanying drawings,
of which
Fig. 5 a vertical section along line C, D, Fig. 1,
Fig. 6 to 10 are schematic designs, illustrating the use and application of the
switch board.
Fig. 11 is a backview of a clock actuated by an electric pendulum, designed
to serve as a means of instruction.
Fig. 12 is a vertical section of part of a contrivance intended to serve as a
model and means of instruction relating to self-regulating arc lamps.
The switch frame consists of wall- or frame-boards I to IV, to which the
various clamps, binding screws or terminals bearings, communicators, etc. are
secured.
The frame board I provided with two rectangular apertures VII and VIII,
carries bearing screws L1, L2, L5 and LG, the bearing L9, and L 10, the
clamps K 18 and K 19, the clamps K 5 and K 6 of switch A, and key-button T.
The frame board II has one rectangular aperture IX and carries clamps K 1,
K2, K 14 K 15, K 16, axle stud L11, and two binding screws $2 and $3; on
the inner side of frame board II there are provided clamps K7 and K 8.
Bearings L3, L4 and L 7, clamps K3 and K 4, plate H with clamp and hook,
clamps K9 and K 13 belonging to a commutator of known construction and a
binding screw L8 are secured to frame board III, and frame board IV is pro-
vided with clamps K 20 and K 21.

page_text: Two stays and VI connect frame boards I and III; contact S2 and axle
stud are secured to stay V, and upon stay VI are arranged three rollers,
and
Connection between the various clamps is effected in the following manner:
K is connected with K 4 and K20;
K2 with K 16 K 17
button 111
In all three experiments the battery is connected with clamps K 1 and K2 and
the two coils S³ used in said experiments have primary and secondary wire-
windings around iron cores or bobbins,-
For the purpose of demonstrating the working of the Morse apparatus the wire.
forming the winding of the primary coil is connected with clamps K 3 and K 4.
A lever b, provided on one extremity with armature c for the electro-magnet and
at the other with marking point S₁ is affixed to axle stud . The axle of paper-
tape roll R is placed into bearings L9 and L 10, and the tape is passed over and
between rollers r, r, r². A spring f is provided to maintain lever bin its normal
position, and a key button is affixed to A. The current passes as follows:
From the battery through K 1, K4 through the winding of primary coil S3 to
clamp K3, thence to clamp K 5, through arm of switch to button A and ulti-
mately through key T to clamp K2. The manner of working the apparatus is
well known.
If a bell g is affixed to stay VI, and a hammer S2 is screwed on to lever b
instead of marking point S, (shown in Fig. 6), a single stroke bell apparatus is
obtained. At each depression of the key button the hammer is caused to strike
the bell.
If the arm of the switch is placed on clamp K 6, the current will be directed
from clamp K3 to hook H through spring f to axle stud , through the contact-
spring to contact S3 and finally through clamp K6, the switch arm and key to
the battery.
When the key button is pressed down the apparatus will act as a carillon
bell (house telegraph or domestic trembling belly.
If the secondary windings of the coils S3 are connected with handles, the
action of the induction apparatus can also be demonstrated.
Fig. 7 is a schematic design illustrating the employment of the switch device
for demonstrating the working of the electro-motor.
Into bearings 1, 2, upon the pair of coils S3 and L1 upon the frame board
an axle is placed which carries a pair of coils $4 a commutator c and a cog
wheel. The contact spring 1 and 62 are connected with clamps K 7 and K 8,

page_text: the primary windings of coils $3 with clamps K9 and K 10 and the poles of the
battery with clamps K 14 and K 15.
The electric current therefore takes the following direction:-
From one pole of the battery it passes through clamps K 15, K7, contact
spring commutator e into coils S4, commutator c spring b, clamp K 8,
switch W, .e., clamps K 13, K9 to the pair of coils S3, thence through K 10,
K 12 K 14 back into the battery.
The position of switch device is now as shown in Fig. 3, if changed into the
position illustrated in Fig. 2, the motor will move in the opposite direction, as
the current through coils S3 is also reversed. The direction of the current is,
at the outset, the same as before described but passes from clamps K 13 through
clamps K 11 and K 10, coils $3 and clamps K9, K 12 and K 14 back into the
battery.
For the purpose of demonstrating the working of the motor, a shaft X2 upon
which a cogwheel is mounted, is placed into bearings L2 L3, the said cog-
wheel gearing with the previously described cogwheel Z³.
Two axles upon each of which a pair of working or road wheels are mounted
are placed into bearings L4 and L 5, and L 6 and 7 respectively. The rotation
of the motor is transmitted to a cogwheel suitably mounted upon one of said
axles and gearing with cogwheel Z. It is evident that the whole device, if made
to rest upon the aforesaid working or road wheels, will move in either forward or
backward direction, and to allow of this movement wires of sufficient length are
provided for connecting the device with the battery.
Fig. 8 is a schematic sketch illustrating the employment of the switch device
for demonstrating the working of the electric pendulum.
The rod of pendulum is suspended from stud L 11, said pendulum having
secured thereto the armature and contact wheels and . The coils Sare
placed below the pendulum and leaf springs and f³ are secured in clamps K 17
and K 16.
The connection is made in such manner that the battery is joined to clamps K 1
and K2 and the winding wire of the coils to clamps h 20 and K 21.
Upon the pendulum being moved from its inactive position one of the
wheels or is brought into contact with the corresponding leaf spring b²
or f. The direction of the current will therefore be as follows starting from
the battery it traverses clamps K2 K 17, spring 62 contact wheel c2, stud L",
clamp K21, coil S³ clamps 20 and thence returns through K1 to the battery;
or, if the contact is made first on the other side it traverses clamps K2, K 16,
spring contact wheel stud L", clamp K 21, and so on.
Fig. 11 is a rear view, schematically shown, of a time piece which may be
actuated by the before described electric pendulum. The device as illustrated
is, of course, only intended to serve the purposes of demonstration.
Upon the spindle m are mounted the indicator hand and ratched wheel m¹ and
at its side is pivoted the lever n, having at its opposite extremities the striking
peg, t and the moveable pawl arm n', the latter being adapted to engage with the
ratchet teeth of wheel m². Springs o and o' are provided in order to maintain
lever n and pawl arm n in their respective normal positions. If the striking
peg is moved aside, the lever n is caused to turn on its pivot and to turn the
wheel m' for the distance of one tooth through the intermediary of pawl arm,
the indicator hand following the movement of the wheel m² advancing for the
distance of one division line, the spring click preventing any return movement
of the ratchet wheel. If the described time piece is attached to the switch frame
in such manner as to make the arm of the pendulum strike against peg t of
the time piece lever, a primary clock is formed. If however the time piece as
described is so placed as to make the armature of an electromagnet, when
attracted, strike peg t, and the electro-magnet is connected with the secondary
winding wires of coils S3, we have a secondary electric clock. By providing
a suitable double transmission gearing it would be rendered possible to actuate

page_text: minute and hour hands in a time piece similar to that described and illustrated
in Fig. 11.
The employment of the switch frame for demonstrating the operation of the
self-regulating electric arc lamp is schematically illustrated in Fig. 9, while
Fig. 12 shows on an enlarged scale the regulating mechanism of the lamp which
is to serve for experimental purposes and for demonstration.
The positive electrode or carbon p is secured in holder p¹ on stay V, while the
negative carbon n is held in a suitable device attached to a plunger, the upper
parte of which is made of iron and the lower portion el of wood. Said plunger
is inserted into the central aperture of coil $4 and is pressed in an upward
direction by spring f1 in such manner as to cause the electrodes to touch, each
other. One end of the coil winding wire is connected with the negative electrode
and the other with wire Z, while the positive electrode p is in connection with
wire Z2, and the battery with clamps K 18 and K 19. Therefore the current
passes from the positive pole of the battery to clamp K 19, wire Z³, electrodes
and n, through coil S, wire 7, and clamp K 18 back into the battery. As soon
as the current reaches coil S4, the plunger e e', partially made of iron as before
stated, is sucked into the bore or central aperture of the coil, thus allowing of
the formation of the luminous arc.
If the wires Z' and Z are connected, instead of with the electrodes of an arc
lamp, with incandescent lamp, an installation of such lamps in parallel may be
demonstrated.
Fig. 10 illustrates the employment of the switch device for demonstrating the
operation of a micro-telephon installation.
An ordinary microphon plate is inserted into aperture VII of frame board I
and is there maintained in position by means of clasps p and p². The primary
winding of coils $3 is connected with the pole of a cell and the microphon plate,
the latter being also connected to the other pole of the cell; the secondary
winding is to be connected with the telephone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A new or improved switch board or frame, in which the frame boards I, II,
III, and IV, having apertures VII and VIII, and the stay pieces V and VI, are
made to carry, partly upon their inner and partly upon their outer surfaces, the
clamps K 1 to K 21, the bearing screws L¹ to L10, the axle studs L" and the
key button T, contact S, hook H, rollers. r; and, and clasps 1 and 22, two
of said clamps K5 and K6 forming commutator A, and five clamps K9 to K 13
forming commutator W, clamp K 1 being connected with K4 and K 20, clamp K 2
with 16, K 17 and key button T, clamp K 14 with K 12, clamp K 15 with K 7,
clamp K8 with K 13, clamp K3 with K5 and hook H, clamp K6 with con-
tact S, clamp K 21 with axle stud L 11, clamp K 10 with clamp K 11, and
clamps K 18 and K 19 with wires Z' and 72, the said disposition being made in
order to afford facilities for easily and clearly demonstrating the important
electro-physical experiments for the purposes of instruction, the known apparatus
serving for the said purposes being suitably attached to the switch board ur
frame, substantially as set forth and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In a switch board or frame forming the subject of Claim 1; a device (Fig. 11)
for demonstrating the working of electrical time pieces, consisting of shaft m
having mounted thereon a ratchet wheel m' and in indicator hand, a lever n being
suitably pivoted at the side of the ratchet wheel, and having a moveable or hinged
pawl arm n¹, adapted to engage with ratchet wheel m', and striking peg t, for the
purpose of effecting a forward motion of the wheel by one tooth at each stroke of
an electric pendulum, or the stroke of the armature of an electro-magnet against
striking peg t, the springs o and o¹ returning the lever n to its normal position,

page_text: and spring click preventing any return movement of ratchet wheel m¹, substan-
tially as described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3. In a switch-board or frame forming the subject of Claim 1, a device
(Fig. 12) for demonstrating the working of self regulating electric arc-lamps
essentially consisting of a holder n for the negative electrode or carbon n
attached to a plunger e e¹, the upper portion of the latter, e, being made of iron
and the lower portion el, of wood, said plunger on being inserted in the central
aperture of coil S which is placed in circuit, is forced upwards by spring f¹ for
the purpose of making contact between the two electrodes or carbons, and sucked
into the central aperture or bore of the coil, on the current passing the latter,
whereby the electrodes are drawn away from each other and the luminous arc is
formed, substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompany-
ing drawings.