IMPROVEMENTS IN HAMES FOR HORSES AND OTHER DRAUGHT ANIMALS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Percy Jonathan Sturges Harlow, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
Scaled the 21st September 1875, and dated the 14th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Percy Jonathan
Sturges Harlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 14th April 1875.
I, PERCY JONATHAN STURGES HARLOW, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAMES FOR HORSES AND OTHER DRAUGHT
ANIMALS," to be as follows
"
My said Invention has reference to the parts of hames for horses and
other draught animals called respectively the draughts and the "terrets"
or " turrets of the hames, the draughts being the parts to which the
tugs of the harness arc attached, and the terrets the ring-like appendages
through which the driving reins pass The hames are made of iron,
and in the ordinary method of manufacture the draught is also made of

page_text: iron, and is forged to the hame, or is hard soldered or brazed thereto.
The iron draught is in the better kinds of harness coated with brass or
plated with silver. The terret, in which less strength is required than in
the draught, is usually made of brass or German silver, plated, and 15
attached to the hame by brazing or hard soldering.
In making and attaching the draught to the hame according to my
Invention I proceed as follows -I make a foundation or skeleton
draught of wrought or malleable cast iron, the said skeleton draught
being bent into a hook-like form at the end which is to be attached to
the hame. A recess is made in the hame at that part where the draught
is to be attached, the said recess being of a shape and form suutable for
engaging with the hooked end of the skeleton draught The skeleton
draught being put in its place on the hame the paris engaged together
are placed in a suitably formed chill mould. The said mould cncloses
the whole of the skeleton draught and the part of the hame to which the
draught is to be affixed Melted brass or German silver is run into the said
chill mould, and a coating of brass or German silver thereby formed upon
the skeleton draught and that part of the hame with which it is engaged.
The skeleton draught is thereby firmly secured to the hame, and is at
the same time coated with a coating of brass or German silver, which gives
it the required substance and strength. The draught thus made can be
finished in any desired manner. The skeleton diaught may if preferred
be welded to the hame before the casting process.
In making the terret according to my Invention I form on the hame
at the place where the terret is to be attached a projecting pin with a
head for the purpose of forming an attachment for the terret. The said
headed pin may either be forged or rivetted to the hame. The part of
the hame having the said attachment is placed in a suitably shaped chill
mould for the casting of a terret, and by the casting process a terret of
brass or German silver is cast in thic chill mould, and at the same
time secured to the hame. The terret may be finished in the usual
manner.
11

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Percy Jonathan Sturges Harlow in the Great
Scal Patent Office on the 4th October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PERCY
JONATHAN STURGES HARLOW, of Birmingham, in the County of War-
wick, Manufacturer, send greeting
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
cighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Percy Jonathan Sturges Harlow, Her
special license that I, the said Percy Jonathan Sturges Harlow, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Percy Jonathan Sturges Hailow, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thercafter during the term there expressed,
should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within tho
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAMES FOR HORSES
AND OTHER DRAUGHT ANIMALS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Percy Jonathan Sturges Harlow, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed; and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Percy Jonathan Sturges Harlow,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My said Invention has reference to the parts of hames for horses and
other draught animals called respectively the draughts and the "terrets”
ΟΙ ** turrets
of the hames, the draughts being the parts to which the
tugs of the harness are attached, and the terrets the ring-like appendages
""

page_text: through which the driving reins pass. The hames are made of iron, and
in the ordinary method of manufacture the draught is also made of iron,
and is forged to the hame, or is hard soldered or brazed thereto The
iron draught is in the better kinds of harness coated with brass or plated
with silver The terret, in which less strength is required than in the
draught, is usually made of brass or German silver, plated, and is
attached to the hame by brazing or hard soldering.
In making and attaching the draught to the hame according to my
Invention I proceed as follows -I make a foundation or skeleton
'draught of wrought or malicable cast iron, the said skeleton draught
being bent into a hook-like form at the end which is to be attached
to the hamc. A recess is made in the hame at that part where the
draught is to-be-attached; 'the- said reccss. being of a shape and form
suitable for engaging with the hooked end of the skeleton draught.
The skeleton draught being put in its place on the hame the parts
engaged together are placed in a suitably formed chill mould. The
said mould encloses the whole of the skeleton draught and the part
of the hame to which the draught is to be affixed. Melted brass or
German silver is run into the said chill mould, and a coating of
· brass or German silver thereby formed upon the skeleton draught and
that part of the hame with which it is engaged. The skeleton draught is
thereby firmly secured to the hame, and is at the same time coated with
a coating of brass or German silver, which gives it the required substance
and strength. The draught thus mado can be finished in any desired
manner. The skeleton draught may if preferred be welded to the hame
before the casting process.
In making the terret according to my Invention I form on the hame
at the place where the teriet is to be attached a projecting pin with a
head, or an attachment piece with a neck, for the purpose of forming an
attachment for the terrot. The said headed pin or attachment piece may
either be forged or rivetted to the hame. The part of the hame having
the said pin or attachment is placed in a suitably shaped chill mould for
the casting of a terret, and by the casting process a terret of brass or
German silver is cast in the chill mould, and at the same time secured to
the hame. The terret may be finished in the usual manner.
Instead of brass or German silver other metal or alloy may be
employed.
Tarin
Awaliand the note200 of my Tuvention
Talluccoed to

page_text: describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in
which the same is to be performed
Figure 1 represents in elevation a hame drawn half size, the draught
and terret or turret of which are made and attached according to my
Invention.
Figure 2 represents in elevation and cross section the draught part of
the hame drawn of the full size.
Figure 3 represents in elevation, and side view, and cross section the
skeleton hame ready to be placed in the chill mould for casting the brass,
German silver, or other metal or alloy around it and the hame.
Figure 4 represents in elevation and cross section the torret of the
hame drawn of the full size, and Figure 5 represents in clevation and
cross section a portion of the hame to which the terret is to be
attached.
Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 represent the chill moulds which I employ in
carrying my Invention into effect.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several
Figures of the Drawings.
The hame is marked a, the draught is marked b, and the torret or
turret is marked e; the foundation or skeleton draught is marked e.
The said skeleton draught has a loop e³ at one end, and a hook e³ at
the other end. The hame a where the draught is to be attached is
cranked and cut away at ƒ (sec the side view of Figure 3) to receive
the hooked end e' of the skeleton draught e. By the cranking and
cutting away of the hame at ƒ the skeleton draught e is situated in the
same or nearly the same plane as the hame. The skeleton draught
being engaged with the hame a in the manner represented in Figure 3
(or connected thereto by welding), the hame and skeleton draught are
placed in the chill mould, represented in section in Figure 6, and
elevation of one half of the mould in Figure 7 The halves g, h, of the
mould are so shaped that they enclose the whole of the skeleton
draught e, e², e³, and the part of the hame a to which the draught is to
be affixed. The two half moulds g, h, being fixed together by the
clamping pins in the position represented in Figure 6, melted brass or
3 German silver, or other metal or alloy, is run into the chill mould

page_text: through the get i, and the said chill filled with the said melted metal or
alloy A thick coating of brass or other metal or alloy is thereby cast
upon the skeleton draught e, e, e³, and also upon that part of the
hame a to which the hooked end of the sheleton draught is engaged, as
illustrated in Figure 2, and the draught is thus made and attached to the
hame, the said draught having the required substance and strength. The
draught is finished in any desired way.
In making and attaching the terret c I form by forging or rivetting on
the side of the hame a where the terrct is to be made an attachment
piece k, as illustrated in Figure 5, and I place the hame a with its
attachment piece k in the chill mould, represented in section in Figure 8,
and elevation of one half of the mould in Figure 9. The said chill.
mould is shaped to receive the portion of the hame to which the terrot is
to be affixed, and is also furnished with an annular space 7, in which the
terret is cast The parts a, k, being arranged in the chill mould m, n, 1
as represented in Figures 8 and 9, melted brass or German silver, or
other metal or alloy, is run into the chill mould through the get p, and
a terret of brass or other metal or alloy is thereby cast in the chill mould
and attached to the hame, the cast terret being securely attached to the
hame by the melted metal running around the neck or undercut part of
the attachment piece k, as seen in the cross section of Figure 4.
Instead of the attachment piece a headed pin may be employed, but
I prefer to give the attachment piece the form represented at /. The
loops q, r, at the ends of the hame a, by which the halves of the hame
are strapped together, may be made and attached in the manner
described with respect to the terret c.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention; but I claim as my Invention of improvements in hames
for horses and other draught animals,—
First Making and attaching the draughts of the said hames in the
manner hercin-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say, constructing a foundation or skeleton draught,
and hooking or otherwise fixing it to the hame, placing the combined
hame and skeleton draught in a chill mould and casting brass, German

page_text: silver, or other metal or alloy around the said skeleton draught and that
part of the hame to which the draught is to be affixed, substantially as
described and illustrated.
Secondly. Making and attaching the terrct or turret of the said
hames in the manner herein-before described and illustrated in tho
accompanying Drawings, that is to say, making on the hame an attach-
ment piece or pin at the part where the terret is to be made, and casting
the terret upon the said attachment piece or pin by means of a chill
mould, substantially as described and illustrated
In witness whereof, I, the said Percy Jonathan Sturges Harlow,
have hereunto sot my hand and scal, this Thirtieth day of Sep-
tember, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-five.
5 Witness,
PERCY JONATHAN STURGES HARLOW. (L.S.)
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.