matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MODE OF HEATING ROOKS, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND SIMILAR PLACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS USED THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Radcliffe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1878.
I, THOMAS RADCLIFFE, of Pendlebury, in the County of Lancaster,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF HEATING ROOKS, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND SIMILAR
PLACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS USED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improved arrangements and apparatus for
heating rooms and other places by means of gas, thereby dispensing
with the ordinary fire-grates or stoves and obtaining any required
amount of heat without dust or smoke and with great economy. Each
apparatus consists of a lower and upper plate of metal or other suitable
material, the lower plate being supported on the floor of the room,
carriage, or other place by legs, claws, or mouldings similar to an
ordinary fender, and the upper plate which has flanges at its sides
and ends is supported on the lower one by pillars or standards. Under
the upper plate thero is any required number of gas burners connected
to one or more pipes or channels in the lower plate communicating by
one or more pipes with the gas meter, and the tops of the burners are

page_text: so placed that when the gas is ignited it impinges against the bottom
surface of the upper plate, and so effectually heats the entire plate
that the room or other place is warmed in a very short time, and
during the combustion the vapours of the burnt gas pass off to the
external atmosphere or to a chimney by means of one or more pipes 5
connected to one of the flanges of the upper plate. When used for
apartments, I place on the top of the lower plate a sheet of polished
metal in order that the heat may be reflected and give additional
warmth, and when desired I place at the top of the apparatus a few
ordinary gas jets behind a transparent screen of any device or design in 1
order to give a cheerful appearance, and when preferred the apparatus
may be made of the form of a fender and placed before the chimney.
When used in railway carriages the apparatus may serve as a foot
warmer, and when used for conservatories or other places requiring
moisture shallow basins are formed in the upper plates for containing 1
water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOWER POT COVERS, WINDOW BLINDS, MATS, KETTLE HOLDERS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Spear at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1873.
I, JACOB SPEAR, of Sonneberg, in Germany, and of Bury Street, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOWER POT COVERS,
WINDOW BLINDS, MATS, KETTLE HOLDERS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of flower pot covers,
window blinds, mats, kettle holders, and other articles which require
to be rolled up, or partly rolled up, or to be rolled into a circular or
curved form when in use, or which for convenience may like mats be
rolled up when out of use.
I take strips, fillets, or laths of wood, metal, or other suitable
material, and I form or drill a series of small holes through the same to
receive cord or string, which is by preference elastic. Between every
strip, fillet, or lath, and that next adjoining it I place beads, balls, or
other separating pieces formed with holes corresponding with those in
the strips, fillets, or laths; I then pass cords or strings through the holes

page_text: in the strips, fillets, or laths, and in the beads, balls, or other separating
pieces, and I thus obtain at a small cost an article of ornamental
appearance which can be rolled up or curved into any desired form.
For flower pot covers the rows of beads should get gradually smaller
as they approach the part that is to come near the bottom of the pot,
so that the cover when folded round the pot partakes of a conical
form corresponding with that of the pot. Hooks or other fastenings
are added at the ends of the cover to allow of its being fastened round
the pot.
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A NEW OR AN IMPROVED BIN FOR COLLECTING STREET REPUSE, AND APPLIANCES IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1878.
I, JOHN LEE, of 38, Warwick Lane, Newgate St., City, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR AN IMPROVED BIN
FOR COLLECTING STREET REPUSE, AND APPLIANCES IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," to
be as follows:-
One of the advantages of the bin over the one now in use consists
in being sunk level in the pavement, thus obviating an obstruction.
The Invention consists of two boxes made of wrought iron (gal-
viniz'd) with cover to open to receive refuse. The inside box, which is
telescopic is drawn up by a moveable crane handle with roller and chain,
showing a door which drops down, and the refuse clear'd out. The
cover is then closed, thereby preventing any smell to escape.

page_text: The handle for winding up the inside box is carried about in the cart
that collects the refuse, one handle answering for a number of bins.
I do not confine myself to the exact detail as stated, as means may be
employed to raise and lower the bin, which can be made to any required
size for the purpose described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st March 1873.-A communication from abroad by Arnold
Badt, of Hamburg, Germany.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a simple and economical apparatus for the
production of gas for illuminating and heating purposes by charging
atmospheric air with the vapors of a liquid hydrocarbon, the action
of the said apparatus being maintained without the application of heat.
The apparatus consists of a series of double acting bellows, preferably
three in number, each operated by crank arms on a rock shaft, the
several rock shafts being all actuated by connecting rods from one main
crank shaft driven by a weight and cord wound on a barrel or by steam
or other power.

page_text: By these bellows a current of atmospheric air is forced continuously
through a carburetting vessel consisting of several compartments divided
by horizontal perforated partitions and filled with wool. Petroleum or
other liquid hydrocarbon is fed through a perforated pipe at the upper
part, supplied from a reservoir by a chain of buckets working within a
suitable casing. The liquid descends in minute streams through the
wool and is met by the ascending current of air, becomes vaporized and
the air charged or impregnated with these vapors is thus rendered in-
flammable and is conveyed away for use, the surplus liquid flowing back
to the reservoir. Each chamber of the bellows is provided with proper
inlet and outlet valves, and a regulator consisting of a flexible bag or
chamber operating a suitable valve is interposed. between the bellows
and the carburetting vessel to maintain a uniform supply of air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETERS FOR BAKERS' AND OTHER OVENS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Pinney at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1873.
I, ARTHUR PINNEY, of No. 20, Upper Charles Street, Goswell Road,
Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and Baker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THERMOMETERS FOR BAKERS' AND OTHER OVENS," to be as follows:―
This Invention of an improved construction of thermometer for
bakers' and other ovens consists in constructing the instrument in such
a manner that the baker or other operative attending the oven shall
always be able to ascertain what heat the inside of the oven may be, so
as to maintain it at such a uniform degree of heat according to the
article or substance required to be baked.
s
In carrying out my Invention I fix that part of the instrument
containing the scale on the outside of the door or other conspicuous part
.
of the oven, and instead of the tube containing the mercury being
formed into a bulb at the bottom of the board on which the scale is
marked, as is ordinarily the case, I make the mercury tube much longer

page_text: than usual, and pass it at a right angle or other obtuse angle through a
hole formed in the bottom of the scale board, and also through a
hole formed in the door or other part of the oven in which the instru-
ment is placed, the mercury tube thus passing into the hottest part
of the oven at about two inches or more from the sole or floor thereof,
and extending inside the oven about four inches, more or less, thus
indicating to the workman or baker on the outside of the oven the exact
degree of heat the inside of the oven may be. The baker will thus be
enabled to keep the oven at one uniform degree of heat, thus ensuring
the bread or other articles always being baked properly baked, and
causing a great economy of fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRAW ELEVATORS, AND AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF DRIVING OR ACTUATING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Matthews at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
March 1873.
I, JAMES MATTHEWS, of Parson Drove, in the County of Cam-
bridgeshire, Machine Owner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRAW ELEVATORS, AND
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF DRIVING OR ACTUATING THE SAME," to be
as follows: -
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of straw
elevators, and to an improved method of driving or actuating the same.
In carrying the first part of the Invention into effect I construct the
trough up which the straw is carried by the elevators of nearly double
the length it is now generally made so as to allow of the straw being
carried to a much greater height, and secure the vertical post or shaft
(which carries the sheave round which pass the ropes by which the
trough is raised) by means of a back stay of rope or wire to the rear end

page_text: of the elevator framing, so as to prevent the increased weight of the
trough bearing down or breaking the said post.
In carrying the second part of the Invention into effect I dispense
entirely with two of the four shafts usually employed, together with
their necessary wheel gearing, and with the necessity for two belts, as
hitherto required, when driving from the thrashing or other machine
round a corner or a stack or other impediment which may not allow of
the elevator being placed and driven or actuated in a direct line with
the driving machine, and substitute for the above a movable spindle
upon which I place two collars and two loose guide pullies.
The spindle can be placed at either rear corner of the elevator frame
depending upon the relative positions of the driving machine and the
elevator, and fits in slots therein, being secured at the bottom or top by
a nut.
The collars can be fixed at any height upon the spindle by small set
screws, and so limit the play of the pullies which guide the strap from
the driving machine to the pulley on the shaft of the elevator, and so
allow of the same being driven in whatever position it may be necessary
to place it as regards the driving machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles John Galloway and John Henry
Beckwith, both of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS."
Sealed the 18th February 1874, and dated the 8th December 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles John Galloway
and John Henry Beckwith at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th December 1873.
We, CHARLES JOHN GALLOWAY and JOHN HENRY BECKWITH, both
of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-

page_text: steam boiler, wherein one or more separate upper water chambers were
connected to one or more separate lower water chambers by cylindrical
or tapering water tubes.
Now our present Invention consists in connecting such separate upper
and lower water chambers by means of tubes of small diameter. bent
into a spiral, helical, zig-zag, or other form, so that while such tubes,
on account of their small diameter, require only small holes to be made
in the water chambers for their attachment thereto, yet by their spiral
or other bent form they afford a large amount of heating surface, and
at the same time allow of the free and independent expansion and
contraction of the separate water chambers and of the tubes themselves
without injuring the connections.
In some cases we also employ such spiral or bent water tubes in
combination with the cylindrical or tapering water tubes described in
the above-mentioned Specification, or we employ them in place of or
in combination with the cylindrical or tapering water tubes described
in the Specifications of Crossland's Patents, dated 10th July 1869,
No. 2083, and 27th October 1870, No. 2818, or they may be used to
connect the separate water chambers of other steam boilers of known
construction.
In constructing boilers according to the above Invention one upper
water chamber may, according to one arrangement, be connected by
such spiral or bent water tubes to one or more other water chambers
below it; or two or more upper water chambers placed side by side may
be connected to two or more water chambers below by means of such
water tubes, arranged diagonally, so as to connect the one upper water
chamber with the lower water chamber situated beneath the next upper
water chamber. The said water tubes may either connect the upper
and lower water chambers at points. extending along their entire length
or they may be connected only to the front or back part of the upper
chamber, and be led in a diagonal direction to the back or front part
of the lower chamber; and one or more water tubes of large diameter
may serve to connect the other parts of the water chambers together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WASTE PREVENTERS ANd Waste Preventing Cocks, TAPS, OR VALVES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Sweet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
June 1873.
I, ANDREW SWEET, of Hampstead Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WASTE PREVENTERS ANd Waste Preventing Cocks,
TAPS, OR VALVES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in constructing an apparatus of the following
character, namely, I form a cylinder or other suitable case through the
top of which a piston rod works, such rod being secured to a piston
which works freely inside the said case, which case is to be filled with
fluid, such, for instance, as water, mercury, or oil. The case with
piston and rod thus constructed forms a plunger, plug, piston, or valve,
which can be so adjusted in action that only a certain quantity of water
or fluid will be discharged by one upward and downward movement of
the whole plug, piston, or valve. It can be fitted to an ordinary
let off orifice in a cistern, or placed in a case in a cistern with inlet
opening or openings at or near the bottom of such case or adjusted in a
cock or tap so as to prevent waste of water. The modus operandi being

page_text: that when the piston rod is operated upon by means of the pull of the
watercloset or the handle of the tap the whole plug piston or valve,
consisting of the said case and its interior piston is once lifted or is
moved from the orifice and then falls (or moves back again into its place),
and shuts the outlet from the cistern oi fluid receptacle, notwithstanding
that the user may not adopt any shut off movement, and the time of
movement may be regulated by the piston fitting either loosely or
tightly. The piston rod may be a hollow tube with small air hole at top
or near the top.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PICKERS USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Fielden and Thomas
Fielden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th March 1873.
We, ROBERT FIELDEN, junior, and THOMAS FIELDEN, of the Firm of
Robert Fielden & Sons, of Walsden, in the County of Lancaster, Picker
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PICKERS USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in an improvement in the mode of folding the
hide of which the picker is made, and securing it together so as to
combine great strength and durability.
A piece of hide of the required length and breadth and with a pro-
jecting end is folded lengthwise, and the projecting end is lapped over
to give additional strength to the leg of the picker, the two parts of
which are then secured together by a wire staple, or the projecting end
may be large enough to leave a tab for attaching the picking band by
which the picker is thrown. A mandril is then driven into the upper

page_text: end of the folded piece of hide to form the head or cap of the picker, and
the tail or foot of the picker is formed by cutting away part of one end
of the leg. The picker is made of one piece of hide as described or of
more than one piece to increase the strength.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN AXLES & AXLE BOXES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1873.
I, JOHN WOOD, of the Firm of Wood & Lees, Carriage Spring &
Axle Manufacturers, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AXLES & AXLE BOXES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My improvements have for their object extreme simplicity and
economy of production, especially applicable to the description known
as buggy axles, but of course may be used for other vehicles, and in
describing the same I will simply restrict myself to the axle box and
arm part in connection with it, which I form into a slight taper towards
the extreme end, terminating by preference with a slightly curved
shoulder, against which I place a leather washer, the said shoulder being
faced on its parallel exterior, the periphery of the washer being the same
size, and on the outer end of the arm I shoulder down a part which I
tap, and screw over it a nut having a square or other angular head, and
a faced flange or sunken part for receiving a leather washer to abut
against the outer end of the axle box; the slightly tapered arm I groove

page_text: lengthway and divisionally at right angles very slightly for forming a
recess for holding oil for lubricating the box. Arms thus constructed I
caseharden so as to render them enduring and less liable to wear; the
box I cast in suitable moulds over an iron chill, forming the orifice for
the arm, and casting a flange on the same which fits over the washer
and parallel shoulder herein-before referred to, and the box being passed
upon the arm is retained in its position by the flanged nut before
described.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AND MEANS OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN MILLS, WAREHOUSES, AND BUILDINGS, AND IN VESSELS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Whittaker, of Walton-le-Dale, near
Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder, for the Invention
of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AND MEANS OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN
MILLS, WAREHOUSES, AND BUILDINGS, AND IN VESSELS."
Sealed the 8th August 1873, and dated the 17th May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Whittaker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th May 1873.
I, THOMAS WHITTAKER, of Walton-le-Dale, near Preston, in the
County of Lancaster, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AND MEANS OF EXTINGUISHING
FIRES IN MILLS, WAREHOUSES, AND BUILDINGS, AND IN VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and application of apparatus
for extinguishing fires in mills, warehouses, and other buildings, (and

page_text: in steam or sailing vessels,) in such manner as that water may be
discharged from suitably arranged pipes, herein-after described, to any
room or portion of a room, such water being supplied through valves
or taps which may be worked either within the room or from the
exterior of the building so as to be at all times immediately available.
Extending from the water main (or fed from cistern force pumps or
other source of supply) is an upright pipe or pipes reaching to the
ceiling of the highest room of the building; from the said upright pipe
a branch pipe is carried along the ceiling or under the joists and beams
to the opposite end or across each room, and from each of these ceiling
pipes extend at or about right angles other pipes of less diameter and
perforated. A valve or tap in each "branch" controls the flow of
Attached to each valve
water from the upright pipe above referred to.
or tap is a valve rod carried to the ground floor, at the foot of these
rods are hand wheels or levers for opening or closing the valves or taps
in the respective rooms, a similar hand wheel or lever being on each rod
within the room in which its respective valve or tap is, or convenient
thereto, so that on alarm of fire the water may be turned on either in
the room in which the fire is or from the ground floor of the building,
or by the use of gear wheels and rod or shaft from the outside of the
building, an important advantage in the case of night fires.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Elizabeth Leigh, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL."
Sealed the 3rd February 1874, and dated the 27th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Elizabeth Leigh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on
the 27th November 1873.
I, ELIZABETH LEIGH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
1
This Invention relates to the manufacture of artificial fuel from coal
ashes, and consists principally in mixing with the ashes a sufficient
quantity of gas tar to form a stiff paste, and after well kneading and

page_text: dried and stacked for sale or use.
I take a quantity of fine ashes from domestic or other fire-grates or
furnaces well sifted from cinders or other refuse, and I pour into and mix
and knead therewith either by hand or by means of a mortar mill or
other similar machine a sufficient quantity of gas tar to form the ashes
into a stiff paste.
Coal dust, ground slack coal, ground cinders, or other similar material
in a state of powder may be added in a proportion of about one fourth
the quantity of ashes, or if a mortar mill be used for the mixing the
cinders and slack coal may be added without previous grinding, as the
mill will grind them at the same time that it mixes them together.
Only just sufficient gas tar should be used as will cause the ashes to bind
together, and pressure should be used in moulding the mass so as to
solidify the fuel and squeeze out all superflous tar.
A very good fuel is made with the ashes and gas tar only, but its
qualities may be improved by the addition of about half a pound of pitch
or asphalte to each hundredweight of ashes, a small quantity of resin
may also be added, these ingredients being used either hot or cold, as
may be preferred, but as before stated a very good artificial fuel for
ordinary purposes is made with the ashes and tar only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FUEL FOR HEATING AND ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Vincent at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1873.
I, WILLIAM VINCENT, of Newland, in the Parish of Hurst, in the
County of Berks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FUEL FOR HEATING AND ILLUMINATING PURPOSES," to bo
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to utilise chalks and limestones by
treating them in the manner herein-after mentioned, so as to render
them available for the manufacture of gas for illuminating and heating
purposes, such treatment also rendening the said chalks and limestones
applicable as fuel for general heating purposes.
The mode of treatment I prefer to adopt is as follows:-I take chalk
or limestone and dry, and afterwards mix with or steep the same in
naptha, paraffin, or other hydrocarbons, as for instance, creosote, which
I prefer to use, turpentine, or oils, and I afterwards dry the substances
so treated, which can be done by placing it in sheds and allowing the
same to become gradually dried by the operation of the atmospheric air.
When dried it is ready to be placed in the gas rotort, when gas of great
brilliancy and illuminating power can be manufactured therefrom by

page_text: the regular gas making process. Or my said fuel can be placed in a
fire-grate or stove as a substitute for coal or other fuel, and burnt for
heating purposes in the usual way. The proportions I prefer to use
(though the exact proportions are not material to the success of the
Invention) are these:-One gallon of spirits to a hundredweight of t
chalk or limestone.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND MOTIVE POWER ELECTRO-MAGNET
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel John Moore and Robert
Henelade Courtenay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th September 1873.
We, SAMUEL JOHN MOORE, of the City of London, and ROBERT
HENELADE COURTENAY, of Clapham Junction, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COMPOUND MOTIVE POWER ELECTRO-MAGNET," to be as follows:
1
This Invention has for its object the creation of a motive power
through the medium of compound electro-magnets, the arrangement and
novelty of which may be thus described :-The magnets are constructed
each in four parts, the poles of which are moveable, working in grooves,
forming a portion of the framing supporting the magnets. The
stationary portion of the magnets are made with solid iron cores, and
the moveable portions terminate in the poles which are made of soft
metal tubes, and in which springs or their equivalent are inserted for the
purpose of effecting electric connection between the moveable and fixed
portion of the magnets. The helixes of copper wire surrounding the cores
of the magnets are connected to the grooves of gun metal in which the

page_text: moveable parts of the magnets slide, in order thereby to complete the
electric current, and effect the transmission of an equivalent amount of
magnetism in proportion to their size to the poles, as in the ordinary
form of fixed magnets. The sliding tubes or cylinders of the moveable
magnets terminate at the poles of the same, and communicate with
suitable keepers divided by an insulator, so as to keep the currents of
magnetic forces separate.
Insulators are also placed at positions relative to the driving
mechanism that will keep the magnets isolated from deterrent or
absorbent forces.
The electro-magnetic current is transmitted to the machine by means
of a commutator worked by a spring, or when the spring is disconnected
the same may be worked by hand, so that the whole power generated
may be under control and regulated to work with the greatest accuracy.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRESERVING WOOD
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
June 1873.
I, CHARLES BROWN, of Albemarle, Virginia, United States of America,
now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Medicine, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS
FOR PRESERVING WOOD," to be as follows:-
-
The nature of my Invention consists in filling the pores of the wood
with lime or a mixture of lime and sand as herein described.
In practising my Invention I use an iron vessel in which the wood is
treated. The said vessel is preferably constructed with a long body on
which is fixed an exhausting pump. It is provided with a hopper
fitted with a tight plug, and has a hole through which the wood is intro-
duced.
The wood in the form in which it is to be used, as for instance, railway
sleepers, posts, ship timbers, and the like must be put in the body of the
said vessel through this hole, which is then closed with an air-tight plug.

page_text: I then take lime bolted or sifted as finely as good wheat flour, and mix
it with water to make a thick grout, which I put in the aforesaid
hopper; I then pump all the air out of the vessel, let it stand a few
minutes and pump again, then take the plug out of the hopper to
admit the lime to the wood which is quickly filled or saturated with
the lime.
For railway sleepers or ties I prefer to add to the lime bolted sand to
increase the durability of the wood. When the air is pumped out of the
vessel a vacuum is created therein, capillary attraction ceases, and if any
water is in the wood it settles in the bottom of the receiver or vessel.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR PAINT TO BE USED FOR COATING METAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Chidiock Nangle, of Bull Point, near
Devonport, in the County of Devon, late Captain Royal Artillery,
now Assistant Controller, Bull Point Establishment, for the Inven-
tion of "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR PAINT TO BE USED FOR
COATING METAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 20th June 1873, and dated the 11th February 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Chidiock Nangle
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th February 1873.
I, WALTER CHIDIOCK NANGLE, of Bull Point, near Devonport, in the
5 County of Devon, late Captain Royal Artillery, now Assistant Controller,
Bull Point Establishment, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR PAINT TO BE Used for
OUT" to ha

page_text: Devon, late Captain Royal Artillery, now Assistant Controller, Bull
Point Establishment, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Walter Chidiock Nangle, Her special licence
that I, the said Walter Chidiock Nangle, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Walter Chidiock Nangle, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IM-
PROVED COMPOSITION OR PAINT TO BE USED FOR COATING METAL AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Walter Chidiock Nangle, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters

page_text: substances composed of the ingredients herein-before specified, or their
equivalents combined, substantially as herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Chidiock Nangle, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, in
the year of our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
W. C. NANGLE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR BURNING HYDROCARBON OIs
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd May 1873.-A communication from abroad by Lucius E.
Truesdell, of Warren, in the State of Massachusetts, United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR BURNING
HYDROCARBON OIs," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of stoves in which petroleum or
hydrocarbon oils are employed as fuel instead of wood or coal, and has
for its object such a construction of the stove as will insure a more
perfect combustion of the oils than has heretofore been attained,
whereby the greatest amount of heat commensurate with the amount of
oil consumed is obtained, while sufficient light will at the same time
be furnished for all ordinary or practical purposes.
The Invention consists in the use of a plate or diaphragm in con-
nection with the cones or burners, so that all the air admitted to the
interior of the stove is first made to pass directly through the cones or

page_text: burners in contact with the flame, before finding entrance to the upper
or radiating portion of the stove.
It also consists in combining with the radiating portion, and at a
suitable distance above the flame of the lamp, another, but perforated
diaphragm, whereby combustion is greatly promoted, and danger from
fire prevented.
It further consists in combining with these devices a perforated or
wire gauze tubular cylinder, for the double purpose of supporting the
upper or radiating part of the stove, and of admitting the necessary
amount of air to the burners.
It also consists in combining with the oil reservoir that supplies the
lamps with the oil, a perforated wire gauze tubular cylinder for the
support of the plate on which the burner rests, whereby the air in its
passage to the lamps is made to cool the cylinder, and thereby prevent
in a great degree the heating of the reservoir and consequent generation
of gases.
AN IMPROVED FASTENER CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR SHOES, GLOVES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Wulff, of the City and State of New
York, United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton
Buildings, London, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED FASTENER
CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR SHOES, GLOVES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Joseph Wulff at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 4th July 1873, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
WULFF, of the City and State of New York, United States of America,
now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
FASTENER CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR SHOES, GLOVES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES,"
and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true and first Inventor
thereof..

page_text: secures the same without hurting the foot or impeding its action.
When the two parts c, d, of the fastener are opened or turned back,
as shewn in Figure 2, the shoe is loosened and may be easily and
comfortably put on or taken off. Moreover, the facility with which
the said fastener is adjusted permits the shoe to be made loose on
the foot to give freedom to the latter when desirable without taking
off the shoe, or giving to the same a slovenly or unsightly appearance.
When my Invention is applied to a glove the fastener will have the
two links constructed to operate in the manner above described, but
they will necessarily be much smaller than those shown in the Drawing,
and the curvature of the said links must be adapted to the shape of the
wrist.
The said fastener is also applicable to waistcoats, trousers, and other
articles of dress, and will be found far more comfortable and con-
venient than the ordinary buckles, or other devices used for like
purposes.
It is also designed to be used instead of the buckles ordinarily
employed on horses' harness, and for fastening skates, and for many
other purposes where buckles or similar fastenings are required or
used.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, I wish it understood
that I claim, a fastener, consisting of two links or pieces pivotted or
jointed together, and when secured to a shoc or other article operating
as herein set forth and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Wulff, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
W. ROBT. LAKE.
JOSEPH WULFF. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR Cocks
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Walton Kenyon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1873.
I, RICHARD WALTON KENYON, of Accrington, in the. County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR Cocks," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to taps or cocks employed for regulating and
controlling the passage or flow of steam or liquids; and the object is to
so construct them as that the paper plugs shall have a largely increased
bearing surface within the barrel and so prevent leakage.
I construct the plug with entrance and outlet ways not as heretofore
on the same plane or level but one higher than the other; the cavity
within the plug connects the two ways, and appertures or passage ways
to correspond with those formed in the plug are made through the
barrel,

page_text: When it is desirable the supply pipe and the discharge pipes should
be on the same level the entrance way to the corresponding aperture
in the plug will be diverted and turned, and likewise the passage or out-
let way will be diverted. This arrangement leaves the whole of the
circumference of the plug available as a bearing surface except the inlet 5
and outlet ways formed in the said plug.
.
THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS on Railway STATION PLATFORMS, EITHER BY PERSONS STANDING TOO NEAR EDGE, CROSSING LINE OF RAILS, OPENING OF CARRIAGE DOORS BEFORE THE TRAIN STOPS, OR GETTING INTO CARRIAGE AFTER THE TRAIN IS IN MOTION, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Colton Hinds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th January 1873.
I, EDWARD COLTON HINDS, 4, Victoria Road, Surbiton, County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS on Railway STATION PLATFORMS, EITHER BY
PERSONS STANDING TOO NEAR EDGE, CROSSING LINE OF RAILS, OPENING OF CARRIAGE
DOORS BEFORE THE TRAIN STOPS, OR GETTING INTO CARRIAGE AFTER THE TRAIN IS IN
MOTION, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
A permanent gaurd rail about three feet high near edge of and running
the whole length of the station platforms, which rail will sink down
instantly on the arrival of a train in sections, the whole length of train
at that part of the platform at which it stops forming part of platform
while the passengers are leaving or entering the carriage; the said rail
will instantly rise up when the signal is given for the train to start, which
will then prevent any one from entering or leaving the train. This rail
will be supported by iron or other rods hinged at top and bottom
fastened in a groove in floor of platform and will fall into said groove

page_text: and be covered by the rail, forming then the floor of platform; while
required for entering or leaving the carriage cach section of rail can be
clevated instantly by a balance weight at the end of a lever working
under platform. The official whose duty it is will be able to depress or
clevate these rails instantly by a crank or handle attached at the 5
opposite side of platform or from signal box, or by other means suitable
to the kind and situation of platform.
A NEW CENTRIFUGAL AND REACTING PUMP
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ciotti at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1873.
I, HENRY CIOTTI, of Palermo, Sicily, now of No. 60, Boulevart
de Strasbourg, Paris, in the Republic of France, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW CENTRIFUGAL
AND REACTING PUMP," to be as follows:-
My centrifugal and reacting pump consists in a vertical pipe or tube,
at the upper end of which one or several other tubes are connected at
any angle. If the lower end of the vertical tube is dipping in a liquid
and a rapid rotary motion is imparted to it, and if previously the entire
system of connected tubes has been primed the liquid will ascend in the
first one and run through the second or any other tubes connected
with the vertical one, and this liquid will at last flow out in the
surrounding air.
The diagram on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing will convey an
idea of the principle of my pump. a, b, is a vertical tube, the lower end
of which dips in a well W; a second tube a, c, is connected at a right

page_text: angle with the first one. The tube a, b, can rotate on pivots x, x,
suitably fixed at each end, and a quick rotary motion being imparted to
the said tube by means of a band running on the pulley p, the water
will run up the tube a, b, and issue at c from the horizontal one
flowing into a circular receiver R, the half of which only is shewn;
from this receiver which is carried by columns 7 the water flows
out at i.
Instead of a single horizontal tube two or more might be connected
with the vertical tube, each one of said tubes pouring out the water as it
rotates.
The tube a, b, instead of being in a vertical direction might be
inclined, and a number of modifications might also be brought to the
arrangement of tubes without altering the principle above expounded.
"
Instead of imparting a rotary motion to the entire vertical tube when
very long, the upper part only may be put in motion together with its 1
horizontal delivery tubes, the driving pulley should then be fitted at p¹
over the receiver R, and the spindles should be fitted at x¹, x1.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING THE INTERIORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Pelham Warren at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
* 15th July 1873.
I, FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN, of East Court, Cosham, in the
County of Hants, Captain in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING THE INTERIORS
OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS
FOR THE PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention has for its object to cool and maintain a moderate
temperature in railway carriages and other vehicles by the application
thereto of apparatus for refrigerating or producing cold by the evapora-
tion of volatile liquids in vacuo.
Besides cooling the vehicles to which my Invention is applied I in
some cases arrange them to be used as tenders, and connect them with
other carriages or vehicles in a train in such manner as by the action of
the refrigerating apparatus to maintain a low temperature in such other
carriages or vehicles. The working parts of the refrigerating apparatus
may be actuated either from a moving part of the carriage or vehicle to

page_text: which the apparatus is applied, or in the case of a train from the engine
drawing the same, or a special motor may be employed.
My Invention besides being applicable to the cooling of passenger
carriages will be found very serviceable for cooling vehicles used for the
conveyance of food, et cætera, in warm climates.
In carrying out my Invention I prefer to employ either as the cooling
agent in conjunction with brine for conducting and diffusing the
resulting cold. For this purpose I adapt to the carriage or vehicle
a refrigerator provided with tubes, passages, or channels for the circula-
tion of the brine to be cooled and with a receptacle for the liquid ether
to be evaporated. A suitable vapor pump actuated by a steam engine
or otherwise is connected with the refrigerator, and produces therein a
partial vacuum, thereby evaporating the ether and causing the brine to
be refrigerated as it flows through the tubes, passages, or channels of the
refrigerator, whence it is conducted to a separate vessel or chamber
wherein it acts as the air cooler, the air being drawn or caused to flow
from the external atmosphere by a fan, an air pump, or other means
through suitable pipes, passages, or chambers surrounded by the cold
brine. The ether vapor having been utilized as described is liquified
in a condenser, and returned to the refrigerator for reuse.
The cooled air is forced or caused to flow by the fan, air pump, or
otherwise through suitable pipes, tubes, or channels, to the upper part or
parts of the carriage or compartment or compartments to be cooled, per-
forated plates and slides or equivalent means being provided for diffusing
and regulating the supply of cold air, which as it descends commingles
with the warmer air in the carriage or compartment or compartments,
thereby reducing the temperature therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1873.
I, ANDREW WALKER, the younger, of Hartwood, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention has for its object to increase the heating surface of
steam boilers, and it consists essentially in projecting surfaces into the
water spaces of boilers; these surfaces may be either in the form of tubes
or grooves; when in the form of tubes they consist of short lengths of
tube projecting either vertically or radially into the water space and
which may or may not communicate with each other, or the tubes may
be partially curved and thus communicate at two points with the fire
and flue so that the flame and hot products of combustion pass
throughout them, these tubes being situated either lengthwise trans-
versely or obliquely with the length of the boiler.
In place of using tubes the heating surface may be increased by
forming the surface with longitudinal transverse or oblique grooves.