Improvements in the Method of and Appliances for Making Castings.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Mar, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 24th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 2nd Mar., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 24th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 2nd Mar.,
1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Appliances for Making
Castings.
I, WILLIAM BAILEY, of 43 Rede Street, in the City and County of Newcastle-
on-Tyne, Inspector to the Tyne General Ferry Company, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the method of and appliances for
making castings and is specially applicable for the casting of pulley's wheels and
the like.
By the invention herein foreshadowed labour and time are economised and the
cost of producing the finished articles is much reduced.
Hitherto it has been customary to cast pulleys wheels and the like on their sides
or in an horizontal position but by my invention I propose to cast them vertically
and after the following manner.
Firstly propose to construct a frame having moulded rebated or equivalent
edges in or on or against which the plate or plates hereinafter mentioned may
accurately fit.
The frame may be provided with holes or projections or both on its sides into or
on or over which corresponding holes or projections on the box may accurately
fit and with adjustable blocks to take certain pattern axles hereinafter mentioned.
The plate or plates above referred to will have openings in it or them exactly
corresponding with the cross-section or shape of the wheel or pulley or analogous
object to be cast and with semi-circular or other grooves corresponding with the
bore of the boss-hole of the same.
In these grooves or each of them where more than one is used will lie a rod or
axle to which may be screwed or otherwise conveniently attached the half-pattern
or half-patterns of the object to be cast and these will be an accurate fit in the
openings in the plates aforesaid and by turning the axle or axles so arranged the
patterns can be raised or lowered above or below or flush with the plate or plates
as desired.
The axles thus arranged form the imprint for the core to form the boss or
centre holes.
Any convenient lever crank or wheel or system of wheel or other equivalent
gear may be employed to actuate the axle or axles separately or together as
desired.
Thus when the patterns are turned so as to protrude above the plate or plates
and the box is fitted in its position the latter may be properly rammed with sand
or loam or like material and then the patterns may be turned down out of the
moulding stuff so as to lie below the plate: the box or box part or parts may then
be removed and another one may be placed in its position: the patterns can be
raised the box part rammed and the mould formed when the box part can be
removed and then the two boxes or box parts can be placed one over the other in
accurate positions this being ensured by the corresponding holes and projections
formed on each of them.
The half moulds formed in each will now be truly opposite each other to form.
a complete mould ready for running in the metal through runners and gates in the

page_text: Further to ensure accuracy of position of the patterns arranged as described
during the ramming process I propose to provide under or in connection with the
plate or plates and frame a simple system of supporting plates or adjustable stops
or blocks. These may be worked and adapted to rise and fall as required by an
arrangement of cranked bars suitably disposed on or in connection with the
supporting frame and worked by handles or levers through the intervention if
necessary of geared or other wheels, so that the turning or moving of the latter or
other equivalent mechanism may ensure certain stops or blocks or plates worked
from the cranked bars rising or coming into precise position against the flat
sectional or other surface of the pattern presented through the opening or openings
in the plate or plates aforesaid: the pattern is thus prevented from moving during
the ramming process and after it is concluded the adjustable stops or blocks or
plates can be lowered so as to allow the patterns to be lowered in manner and for
the purpose above described.
The mechanism for raising or lowering the adjustable stops or blocks or plates
may in certain kinds of work be utilised to raise or lower certain portions of the
patterns for example the arms or spokes in the case of armed pulleys or wheels so
as to form the moulds for the same in the sand or loam after the manner described
with reference to the other patterns herein before alluded to.
There may thus be as many plates as may be required adapted to fit the pattern
plate frame and different sized or shaped patterns may have inoulds prepared from
them separately or together preparatory to casting, the system described thus
effecting great economy in time labour and material for patterns.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1894.
A. CRAWHALL CHAPMAN,
3, St. Nicholas Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Patent Agent.
Improvements in the Method of and Appliances for Making
Castings.
I, WILLIAM BAILEY, of 43 Rede Street, in the City and County of Newcastle-
on-Tyne, Inspector to the Tyne General Ferry Company do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the method of and appliances for
making castings and is specially applicable for the casting of pulleys wheels and
the like.
By the invention herein foreshadowed labour and time are economised and the
cost of producing the finished articles is much reduced.
Hitherto it has been customary to cast pulleys wheels and the like on their sides
or in an horizontal position but by my invention 1 propose to cast them vertically
and after the following manner.
Firstly I propose to construct a frame having moulded rebated or equivalent
edges in or on or against which the plate or plates hereinafter mentioned may
accurately fit.
The frame may be provided with holes or projections or both on its sides into or
on or over which corresponding holes or projections on the box may accurately fit
and with adjustable blocks to take certain pattern axles hereinafter mentioned.
The plate or plates above referred to will have openings in it or them exactly
corresponding with the cross-section or shape of the wheel or pulley or analogous
object to be cast and with semicircular or other grooves corresponding with the
bore of the boss-hole of the same.

page_text: In these grooves or each of them where more than one is used will be a rod or
axle to which will be screwed or otherwise conveniently attached the half-pattern
or half-patterns of the object to be cast and these will be an accurate fit in the
openings in the plate aforesaid and by turning the axle or axles so arranged the
patterns can be raised or lowered above or below or flush with the plate or plates as
desired.
The axles thus arranged form the imprint for the core to form the boss or
centre holes.
Any convenient lever crank or wheel or system of wheel or other equivalent
gear may be employed to actuate the axle or axles separately or together as
desired.
Thus when the patterns are turned so as to protrude above the plate or plates
and the box is fitted in its position the latter may be properly rammed with sand or
loam or like material and then the patterns may be turned down out of the
moulding stuff so as to lie below the plate: the box or box part or parts may then.
be removed and another one may be placed in its position: the patterns can be
raised the box part rammed and the mould formed when the box part can be
removed and then the two boxes or box parts can be placed one over the other in
accurate positions this being ensured by the corresponding holes and projections
formed on each of them.
The half-moulds formed in each will now be truly opposite each other to form a
complete mould ready for running in the metal through runners and gates in the.
ordinary way.
Further to ensure accuracy of position of the patterns arranged as described
during the ramming process. Ï propose to provide under or in connection with the
plate or plates and frame a simple system of supporting plates or adjustable stops.
or blocks. These may be worked and adapted to rise and fall as required by an
arrangement of cranked bars suitably disposed on or in connection with the
supporting frame and worked by handles or levers through the intervention if.
necessary of geared or other wheels, so that the turning or moving of the latter or
other equivalent mechanism may ensure certain stops or blocks or plates worked
from the cranked bars rising or coming into precise position against the Hat
sectional or other surface of the pattern presented through the opening or openings
in the plate or plates aforesaid; the pattern is thus prevented from moving during.
the ramming process and after it is concluded the adjustable stops or blocks or
plates can be lowered so as to allow the patterns to be lowered in manner and for.
the purpose described.
The mechanism for raising or lowering the adjustable stops or blocks or plates
may in certain kinds of work be utilised to raise or lower certain portions of the
patterns for example the arms or spokes in the case of armed pulleys or wheels so
as to form the moulds for the same in the sand or loam after the manuer described.
with reference to the other patterns hereinbefore alluded to.
There may thus be as many plates as may be required adapted to fit the pattern
plate frame and different sized or shaped patterns may have moulds prepared from
them separately or together preparatory to casting the system described thus
effecting great economy in time, labour and material for patterns.
I will fully describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which Figure 1 shows a plan view, Figure 2 a cross-sectional elevational view and
Figure 3 a longitudinal sectional elevational view and in the following description
like marks of reference designate like parts.
Referring to the drawings F is a frame with rebated or moulded edges as shown
and holes H to take corresponding projections on the half-box hereinafter alluded
to. S is a strengthening bar connecting the ends of the said frame.
In the rebated edges of the frame F certain plates P lie having openings in them
at one side corresponding with the cross-section or shape of the pulley or wheel to
be cast as shown in Figure 1. A are axles supported at both ends as shown and
on them are secured the half-patterns P¹ (e.g. pulleys) of the object to be cast.
:

page_text: These patterns can just pass through the openings in plates I by revolving an
axle A by a handle (not shown) at H¹. In this manner the patterns can be raised
or lowered above or below or flush with the surface of the plates P.
The three left-hand half-patterns in Fig. 1 are shown above and the three right-
hand are shown below P having been turned on axle A as described.
In Fig. 2 this is also very clearly shown.
The axles thus arranged form the imprint for the core to form the boss or
centre holes.
To prevent the patterns moving during the ramming process I provide under-
neath the frame F a platform E which can be raised or lowered by turning one or
other of the toothed wheels W which revolves the cranked axles A¹ which in turn
by rods R elevates or depresses the said platform.
Above the platform I secure the blocks B one side of which are formed plain
the other side & having the face formed to correspond with the flat sectional face
of the half-patterns.
The right-hand portion of Figure 2 shows the platform in its elevated position
with the block B flush against the face of the half-pattern ready for ramming; the
left-hand portion of this figure shows the platform depressed with the half-pattern
turned down out of the ramming box, as is done after the box has been rammed.
It will be understood that the ramming box itself is not shown in the drawings.
In practice the half-box is secured on or over the frame F as above described
the half-patterns and platform being up or as shown in right-hand portion of
Figure 2.
The platform thus prevents the patterns moving during ramming.
After the half-box is rammed, the platform is depressed and the patterns turned
The half-box is then
down as shown in the left-hand portion of Figure 2.
removed and the process is repeated with the other half-box and after this the
two half-boxes are put together to form a complete mould for running in the
metal.
In Figure 3 the platform is shown in its elevated position.
lu Figure 1 some of the patterns are shown turned down for the sake of
illustrating the openings in the plates P with regard to the patterns.
The plates P in the drawings consist of thin upper plates secured to thicker
under plates p which lie in the frame-rebates.
For casting pulleys having spokes I make the half-pattern as shown in Figures 4
and 5. In these the half-rim r half-arin and half boss are made in one piece.
The boss and part of the axle 3 are also formed together; the arm 4 and half-arm 5
are secured on the block B (see Figures 1, 2 and 3) in their correct positions so
that when the platform is raised as above described the arm 4 passes through a
hole in the boss of the pattern into its correct position in the wheel while the
half-arm 5 also is brought by the platform into its correct position, when the
ramming can be proceeded with. After ramming the lowering of the platform
withdraws arm 4 and half arm 5 and then the half-pattern can be turned down as
above described to complete the process.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improved apparatus for making castings consisting in the combination
with frames in which are secured plates having openings in them corresponding to
the section of the articles to be cast and axles carrying half-patterns adapted to
be raised or lowered through the said openings above or below the said plates of
steadying mechanism consisting of block-carrying platforms arranged underneath
the frames and adapted to be raised or lowered these several parts being arranged
combined and adapted to operate substantially as and for the purposes hereinabove
set forth.
2. In apparatus of the type described and clained in the previous claim

page_text: constructing the half-patterns secured on the axles incompletely so that the half-
patterns may be completed when the block-carrying platform is raised, the blocks
being utilised to raise and lower certain portions of the half-pattern required for
casting spoked or armed pulleys substantially as herein set forth.
3. The general arrangement or combination of parts constituting the improved
apparatus for making castings substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this 22nd day of January 1895.
A. CRAWHALL CHAPMAN,
3, St. Nicholas Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Patent Agent.