IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR DISINTEGRATING OR PULVERISING MINERALS, ORES, CLAYS, CHEMICALS ARTIFICIAL MANURES, AND VARIOUS OTHER SUBSTANCES AND ARTIOLES OF MANUFACTURE, AND FOR MIXING OR SEPARATING VARIOUS MATERIALS. AND FOR DISPERSING FLUIDS, SEMI-FLUIDS, AND MOLTEN METALS TO FACILITATE OR PRODUCE CHEMICAL OR OTHER CHANGES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Carr, of Richmond Road, Montpelier, in
the City of Bristol, in the County of the same City, Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR
DISINTEGRATING OR PULVERISING MINERALS, ORES, CLAYS, CHEMICALS
ARTIFICIAL MANURES, AND VARIOUS OTHER SUBSTANCES AND ARTIOLES OF
MANUFACTURE, AND FOR MIXING OR SEPARATING VARIOUS MATERIALS. AND FOR
DISPERSING FLUIDS, SEMI-FLUIDS, AND MOLTEN METALS TO FACILITATE OR
PRODUCE CHEMICAL OR OTHER CHANGES."
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Carr
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
22nd October 1868.
at
the
on the
I, THOMAS CARR, of Richmond Road, Montpelier, in the City of
Bristol, in the County of the same City, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO
MACHINERY FOR DISINTEGRATING OR PULVERISING MINERALS, ORES, CLAYS.
CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL MANURES, AND VARIOUS OTHER SUBSTANCES. AND ARTICLES
OF MANUFACTURE, AND FOR MIXING OR SEPARATING VARIOUS MATERIALS, AND FOR
[Price 8d

page_text: DISPERSING FLUIDS, SEMI-FLUIDS, AND MOLTEN METALS TO FACILITATE OR PRODUCE
CHEMICAL OR OTHER CHANGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in or upon that machinery for
distegrating and other purposes, for which Letters Patent were granted
to me numbered 778, and dated the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Firstly. My improvements relate to a mode of constructing and
arranging the cages of the machine so that increased strength may be
obtained, and which admits of a ready application of bars or knives
(herein-after described) rotating with one or other of the driving discs
(instead of being fixed or stationary) for breaking up such lumps of
material as will not pass through the inmost cage; and this part of
my improvements consist in securing the annular disc to the ring con-
necting the bars of the outer cage carried round by the large disc, or in
securing the ring of the outer cage when carrying the annular disc to
the large disc by bolts or screw nuts, or other suitable means.
Secondly. My improvements consist in forming the bars for the cages
of steel, which material is useful when the machine has to operate upon
certain hard materials, and also in making such bars, whether of steef
or other metal, of oval, square, rhomboid, or other section which will
give increased strength to resist lateral, percussion.
This part of my
improvements also consists in introducing one or more bars in each cage
so as to come into the spaces between the cages and clear such spaces
when the material operated upon is of such character that it tends to
adhere to the bars of the cages; also in applying scrapers to the periphery
of the outer cage when required to remove material adhering to the
casing or cover. This part of my improvements also consist in producing
currents of air where they are required in combination with the disin-
tegrator machinery by applying vanes to the periphery of the outer cage.
Thirdly. My improvements consist in the use of several knives, in place
of one as hitherto, for breaking up such lumps of material as will not
pass between the bars of the inner cage; these knives may be bolted or
otherwise secured together in a ring or rings so as to give strength and
support to each other. This part of my improvements also consists in
securing one or more of these knives separately, or connected by rings
either to the inner or to the annular disc so as to rotate in a direction
opposite to that of the inmost cage whereby the effective action of the
knife or knives will be doubled. These rotatory knives can be most con-

page_text: veniently applied when the cages are arranged according to the first
part of my improvements. Both the stationary and rotating knives may
be secured at varying distances from the axis of rotation.
Fourthly. My improvements relate to such arrangement of the
cages of a machine as will give a larger capacity without increasing.
the length of the bars of the outer cage, and consists in dishing the
outer disc so that the inner dise may run clear in the cavity, and in
forming annular cavities in the inner faces of the discs in which the
rings of the cages may run clear, so that by this means the inner,
surfaces of the rings and discs are all brought in a line and the cages
are all of the same width and the bars of the same length.
Fifthly. My improvements consist in covering the opening to the
inner cage by a stationary disc provided with an orifice or opening to
which a hopper or spout may be attached, through which the material
may be fed to the machine, and in making the cover for the machine
(when used) to fit to the edges of the outer cage, leaving only clearance
for free rotation; by this means the greater parts of the two ends or
sides of the ordinary cover are dispensed with, and any tendency in the
material to accumulate, cake, and jam between the casing and the
machine is thereby obviated.
Sixthly. My improvements relate to a mode of lubricating the bearings
of the hollow shaft carrying the disc or discs when working in a hori-
zontal position, and consist in forming upon or applying bosses to the
shaft (whether stationary or rotating), round which the hollow shaft or
shafts revolves, the periphery of which bosses form the bearing surfaces
of the hollow shaft, the cavity of which is filled with lubricating matter,
up to the level of the under side of the shaft, and by this means the
bearing surfaces are kept constantly lubricated, and as the hole at each
end of the hollow shaft is reduced to the size of the centre solid shaft
the lubricating matter is prevented from escaping, and thus wear and
friction is greatly diminished and oil is economised.
Seventhly. In ordinary disintegrating machines the bush or bearing
of the hollow shaft wears rapidly and the play in the bearing causes
objectionable vibration, and there is no remedy for this defect but new
bushes; this part of my Invention relates to an arrangement of the
hollow shaft or shafts of the disintegrator so that brasses" or steps
may be fitted therein in two halves, being in certain holes formed
through the hollow shaft from each side and kept in their places by caps

page_text: or plates bolted to the shaft. By this arrangement the brasses or steps
may be tightened by thin packing or screws without taking the machine
to pieces, and thus all objectionable vibration will be prevented. The
object of this part of my Invention may also be accomplished by making
cones on the central shaft and fitting corresponding bushes to slide
endways in the hollow shaft, or by forming the cones in hollow shaft
and fitting bosses thereto to slide endways for adjustment upon the solid
shaft; also by inserting the bushes' or steps in halves and tightening
by set screws or collars. The improvements described under this head
may be wholly or partially combined with those described under the
sixth part of my Invention..
Eighthly. My improvements relate to combinations and arrangements
of the disintegrator in which the shafts carrying the cages are each
mounted in separate journals, so that the frictional speed of the bearing
surfaces will not in any case exceed that due to the simple revolutions
of the shafts instead of being double as in the case of the hollow shaft
of the ordinary arrangement of the disintegrator owing to the reversé
action of the shaft upon which it works, and with these improved
arrangements and combinations of the machine the bearings can be
readily cleaned without taking the machines to pieces, and the brasses"
or steps can also be kept at the proper degree of lightness, and by the
same means the shafts will be kept from heating by being fully exposed
to the free circulation of the air instead of one shaft being enclosed by
the other as in the ordinary arrangement.
One of my improved combinations and arrangements consists in
placing the central solid shaft in plumber blocks in the ordinary manner,
and, in mounting the hollow shaft also in plumber blocks concentrically
with the solid shaft which passes through the hollow shaft in the usual
manner but does not touch it, there being a concentric space left.between
the two shafts. The driving pulleys for the shafts may be both at the
back or both in front of the cages, or one behind and the other in front
of the cages.
If both driving pulleys are in front of the cages the
hollow shaft is connected with the inner disc.
Another of my improved combinations and arrangements consists in
dispensing with the hollow shaft, and in mounting and keying
or other-
wise fastening each of the two discs on one end of a separate solid shaft,
both shafts being placed with their, axis in the same line, and their
ends on which the cages are fixed touching each other or nearly so, and

page_text: one shaft carried in plumber blocks in front the other in plumber blocks
behind the cages. One, driving pulley is placed on the shaft in front,
the other on the shaft at the back of the cages.
Machines made according to my improvements herein-before described
may be worked with their axis horizontal, vertical, or oblique in position,
except such machines as are made, according to the improvements
described under the fifth head of my Invention, which are only intended
to work horizontally. The machines may also be made with any required
number of cages which need not necessarily be driven the reverse way,
and may be arranged in framing and be driven or fed in any convenient
manner.
The improved machines may be used for disintegrating or pulverising
artificial manures, minerals, ores, clays, chemicals, and all animal and
vegetable substances; and articles of manufacture which are not too
toughly fibrous and light, and the machines will reduce the material
operated upon into either a coarse or fine powder according to its
nature and the speed at which the machine is driven. It may be used
as a pulveriser and mixer, or mixer only when driven slower and con-
fined in a case to intimately intermix various ingredients differing.in
nature, quality, or color; or it will act as a separator when unconfined
by a casing and driven at a moderate speed for separating substances
differing in size, hardness, or specific gravity; and it may be used to
disperse molten metal in the form of minute spray and whereby steel
and sportmen's shot could be made; it may also be used to disperse
liquids or semi-liquids, to facilitate evaporation, or effect chemical or
other changes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Carr in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
CARR, of Richmond Road, Montpelier, in the City of Bristol, in the
County of the same City. Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the

page_text: thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Carr, Her special
license that I, the said Thomas Carr, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as 1, the said Thomas Carr, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time, agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR DISINTEGRATING OR PULVERISING MINERALS,
ORES, CLAYS, CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL MANURES, AND VARIOUS OTHER SUBSTANCES AND
ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE, AND FOR MIXING OR SEPARATING VARIOUS MATERIALS,
AND FOR DISPERSING FLUIDS. SEMI-FLUIDS. AND MOLTEN METALS TO FACILITATE OR
PRODUCE CHEMICAL OR OTHER CHANGES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that 1, the said Thomas Carr, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YF, that I, the said Thomas Carr, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to
say):
My Invention relates to improvements in or upon that machinery for
disintegrating and other purposes for which Letters Patent were granted
to nie, numbered 778, and dated the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Firstly. My improvements relate to a mode of constructing and
arranging the cages of the machine so that increased strength may be
obtained, and which admits of a ready application of bars or knives
(herein-after described) rotating with one or other of the driving discs
(instead of being fixed or stationary) for breaking up such lumps of
material as will not pass through the inmost cage, and this part of my
improvements consists in securing the annular disc to the ring con-
necting the bars of the outer cage carried round by the large disc or in

page_text: securing the ring of the outer cage when carrying the annular disc to the
large disc by bolts, or screw nuts, or other suitable means.
chill**
Secondly. My improvements consist in forming the bars of the cages
of steel or of cast iron moulded upon cores of wrought iron in
or other moulds, such compound bars being useful when the machine
has to operate upon certain hard materials, and also in making such
bars, whether compound or otherwise, of oval, square, rhomboid, or
other section which will give increased strength to resist lateral per-
cussion. This part of my improvements also consists in introducing one
or more bars in each cage so as to come into the spaces between the
cages and clear such spaces when the material operated upon is of such
character that it tends to adhere to the bars of the cages, also in applying
scrapers to the periphery of the outer cage when required to remove
material adhering to the casing or cover. This part of my improvements
also consists in producing currents of air where they are required in
combination with the disintegrator machinery by applying vanes to the
periphery of the outer cage.
Thirdly. My improvements consist in the use of several knives, in
place of one as hitherto, for breaking up such lumps of material as will
not pass between the bars of the inner cage; these knives may be bolted
or otherwise secured together in a ring or rings so as to give strength
and support to each other. This part of my improvements also consists
in securing one or more of these knives separately or connected by rings
either to the inner or to the annular disc so as to rotate in a direction
opposite to that of the immost cage, whereby the effective action of the
knife or knives will be doubled. These rotatory knives can be most
conveniently applied when the cages are arranged according to the first
part of my improvements. Both the stationary and rotating knives may
be secured at varying distances from the axis of rotation.
Fourthly. My improvements relate to such arrangement of the
cages of a machine as will give a larger capacity without increasing
the length of the bars of the outer cage, and consists in dishing the large
outer disc so that the inner disc may run clear in the cavity, and in
forming annular cavities in the inner faces of the discs in which the
rings of the cages may run clear, so that by this means the inner sur-
faces of the rings and discs are all brought in a line, and the edges are
all of the same width and the bars of the same length.
Fifthly. My improvements consist in covering the opening to the

page_text: inner cage by a stationary disc (leaving only sufficient space to allow the
ring of the inner cage to revolve clear) provided with an orifice or
opening to which a hopper or spout may be attached, through which the
material may be fed to the machine, and in making the cover or casing
for the machine (when used) to fit to the edges of the outer cage, leaving
only clearance for free rotation; by this means the greater parts of the
two ends or sides of the ordinary cover are dispensed with, and any
tendency in the material to accumulate, cake, and jam between the
casing and the machine is thereby obviated.
Sixthly. My improvements relate to a mode of lubricating the bearings
of the hollow shaft carrying the disc or discs when working in a hori-
zontal position, and consist in forming upon or applying bosses, to the
shaft (whether stationary or rotating), round or upon which the hollow
shaft or shafts revolve, the periphery of which bosses form the bearing
surfaces of the hollow shaft, the cavity of which is filled with lubricating
matter up to the level of the under side of the shaft, and by, this means
the bearing surfaces are kept constantly lubricated, and as the hole at
each end of the hollow shaft is reduced to the size of the centre solid
shaft the lubricating matter is prevented from escaping, and thus wear
and friction is greatly diminished and oil is economised.
Seventhly. In ordinary disintegrating machines the bush or bearing
of the hollow shaft wears rapidly, and the play in the bearing causes
objectionable vibration, and there is no remedy for this defect but new
bushes.. This part of my Invention relates to an arrangement of the
hollow shaft or shafts of the disintegrator so that brasses or steps
may be fitted therein in two halves, being inserted in holes formed
through the hollow shaft from each side, and kept in their places by caps
or plates bolted to the shaft. By this arrangement the brasses or steps
may be tightened by thin packing or screws without taking the machine
to pieces, and thus all objectionable vibration will be prevented... The
object of this part of my Invention may also be accomplished by making
cones on the solid central shaft, and fitting corresponding bushies to slide
endways in the hollow shaft, or by forming the cones in the hollow shaft
and fitting bosses therein to slide endways for adjustment upon the solid
shaft, also by inserting the bushes or steps in halves in cavities in the
hollow shaft, and tightening by set screws, cottars, or wedges. The
improvements described under this head may be wholly or partially
combined with those described under the sixth part of my Invention

page_text: Eighthly. My improvements relate to combinations and arrangements
of the disintegrator in which the shafts carrying the cages are cach
mounted on separate journals, so that the frictional speed of the bearing
surfaces will not in any case exceed that due to the simple revolutions
of the shafts, instead of being doubled as in the case of the hollow shaft
by the ordinary arrangement of the disintegrator, owing to the reverse
action of the shaft upon which it works; and with these improved
arrangements and combinations of the machine the bearings can be
readily cleaned without taking the machine to pieces, and the "brasses"
or steps can also be kept at the proper degree of tightness, and by the
same means the shaft will be kept from heating by being fully exposed
to the free circulation of the air, instead of one shaft being enclosed by
the other as in the ordinary arrangement.
One of my improved combinations and arrangements consists in
placing the central solid shaft in plumber blocks in the ordinary manner,
and in mounting the hollow shaft also in plumber blocks concentrically
with the solid shaft, which passes through the hollow shaft in the usual
manner but does not touch it, there being a concentric space left between
the two shafts. The driving pulleys for the shafts may be both at the
back or both in front of the cages, or one behind and the other in front
of the cages.
If both driving pulleys are in front of the cages the
hollow shaft is connected with the inner disc.
Another of my improved combinations and arrangements consists in
dispensing with a hollow shaft, and in mounting and keying or other-
wise fastening each of the two discs on one end of a separate solid shaft,
both shafts being placed with their axis in the same line and their ends,
on which the cages are fixed, touching each other or nearly so, and one
shaft carried in plumber blocks in front the other in plumber blocks
behind the cages.
One driving pulley is placed on the shaft in front,
the other on the shaft at the back of the cages; or both shafts may be
made to extend beyond the outer plumber blocks or pedestal of the shaft,
and a driving pulley may be placed upon this overhanging end of each
shaft. this arrangement allowing the driving belts to be readily removed
and replaced. This part. of my Invention also consists in the com-
bination and arrangement of a disintegrator where one end of the solid
and one end of the hollow shaft is in an independent bearing; the other
ends of the solid and hollow shafts have their bearing reciprocally in or
on the other shaft; or the hollow shaft may have both its bearings

page_text: independent, and one end of the solid shaft may have its bearing within
the hollow shaft as above explained.
This combination forms a very
simple machine, taking up little space, while it is very convenient for
putting on and off the driving belts, as the pulleys are placed upon the
ends of the shafts which overhang the bearings.
Machines made according to my improvements herein-before described
may be worked with their axes horizontal, vertical, or oblique in position,
except such machines as are made according to the improvements
described under the fifth head of my Invention, which are only intended
to work horizontally. The machines may also be made with any required
number of cages, which need not necessarily be driven the reverse way,
and may be arranged in framing and be driven or fed in any convenient
manner.
The improved machinery may be used for disintegrating or pulverising
artificial manures, minerals, ores, clays, chemicals, and all animal and
vegetable substances and articles of manufacture which are not too
toughly fibrous and light, and the machine will reduce the material
operated upon either into a coarse or fine powder according to its nature
and the speed at which the machine is driven. It may be used as a
pulveriser and mixer, or mixer only (when driven slower and confined in
a case) to intimately intermix various ingredients differing in nature,
quality, or color, or it will act as a separator when unconfined by a
casing and driven at a moderate speed, for separating substances differing
in size, hardness, or specific gravity; and it may be used to disperse
molten metal in the form of minute spray, and whereby steel and sports-
men's shot could be made; it may also be used to disperse liquids
or semi-liquids, to facilitate evaporation, or effect chemical or other
changes.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation in section of a disintegrator
having a solid and hollow shaft rotating in opposite directions.
Figure 2 is a cross sectional elevation through the cages on the
line A, B, Figure 1, looking from the front.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the ends of the hollow and solid shaft in
the position shewn in Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a cross section on the
line C, D, Figures 1 and 3.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal elevation in section of another disintegrator;
and Figure 6 a partial front end view of the centre part of the larger
disc.

page_text: Figure 7 is a longitudinal elevation in section of a disintegrator,
where the cages are not shown. Figure 8 is a view corresponding to
Figure 7, but without framing, of another disintegrator.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal elevation in section of a disintegrator,
with a solid stationary shaft and two hollow shafts rotating thereon,
and Figure 10 is an end view of the shafts and bearings.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation in section of another disinte-
grator with a solid and hollow shaft rotating in opposite directions,
one end of each shaft is carried by an independent pedestal, and the
other end of each shaft has its bearing in or on the other shaft, and
Figure 12 is a cross section at E, F, Figure 1].
Figure 13 is an end section and Figure 14 is a longitudinal elevation
of a chill mould for casting bars for the cages of large machines..
Figure 15 is a longitudinal elevation in section of a disintegrator with
the cages on two solid shafts placed end to end, and Figure 16 is a
front and Figure 17 a back elevation of the same.
Figures 18, 19, and 20 are views corresponding respectively to
Figures 15, 16, and 17 of another disintegrator having a solid and
hollow shaft rotating in distinct and separate bearings.
Figures 21 and 22 are views corresponding respectively to the
Figures 15 and 16, and Figure 23 is a plan of another modification
with both cages on solid shafts.
Figure 24 is a plan showing a disintegrator similar to that shown
by Figures 21, 22, and 23, but with the base plate in one piece and
the discs of the cages of cast iron. In some of the longitudinal
sections only two bars in each cage are shown, and in the other
views they are either wholly or partially omitted to avoid confusion in
the Drawings.
The improvements described under the first part of my Invention are
illustrated by Figures 1, 2, and Figures 15, 16; and 17. In Figures 1
and 2 the annular disc (a) is secured to the ring (a) of the outer cage
by bolts.
I prefer to make, say, a dozen of the bars (a) of the outer,
cage a little larger than the rest and to cause the outer ends of these
bars to pass through the ring (a) to secure the annular disc (a) by screw
nuts (a) upon the ends of the said bars as shown. The annular disc (a)
is turned to fit the ring (a), as shown; the disc carries the bars (a) of
the second cage.
In Figures 15, 16, and 17 the bars (a) of the outer

page_text: cage are collected in a ring (a³) which fits. the large dise (b), and is
secured to it by bolts or screw nuts (a") as before explained.
The mode of casting steel or cast iron upon cores of soft wrought
iron (or other suitable metal that will rivet easily) to form bars for the
cages of any required section according to the second part of my
Invention is illustrated by Figures 13 and 14.
Figure 18 is a cross section of a chill mould, and Figure 14 an inside
view of half the mould. The wrought-iron core (a) is first placed
within the mould (a), as shown, then the two halves of the mould
are bolted or otherwise secured together and the molten steel or cast
iron is poured in at the gate (a). The mould can be shaped to give
any required, section to the exterior of the bar. Figure 2 illustrates
the mode of applying one or more bars (a) in each cage to clear the
spaces between the cages, and of applying scrapers (a) to clear the
casing (y) or vanes (a) to produce currents of air according to the
second part of my Invention. The ends of the bars (a) are secured
in square holes in the rings and discs, and are cranked out into the
position in which they are shown by dotted line as applied to one of
the bars (a) in Figure 1. The use of several knives instead of one
and placed at different distances from the shaft (c) for breaking up
such lumps of material as will not pass between the bars (c) of the
inner cage according to the third part of my Invention is illustrated by
Figures 1, 2, and 5. In Figures 1 and 2 four knives (d) are shown
bolted at their outer ends to the annular disc (a) and secured at their
inner ends to a ring (); these knives therefore rotate with the annular
disc in a direction opposite to that of the bars (c) of the immer cage.
In Figure 5 four stationary knives (d) are secured at their outer ends
to an external ring (), which is bolted to the standard of the framing
(A) as shown, and the inner ends of the knives are secured to a ring (d)
by rivets or bolts.
part of
Figures 1, 2, and 5 also illustrate the fourthi
my Invention
for giving a larger capacity, without increasing the length of the bars
of the cages.
It will be seen in these Figures that a cavity or dish
is made in the large disc (6) for the small disc (c), and that annular
cavities are formed in the discs for the rings of those cages requiring
it, so that the width of all the cages are uniform. This improvement is
. partially carried out in the disintegrator shown by Figures 15, 16, and
17, the width of the cages increasing from the inner to the outer cages.

page_text: The plate or disc and hopper or spout for covering the opening to the
inner cage according to the fifth part of my Invention is illustrated by
Figures 15 and 16.
The plate and spout or hopper (e) combined is in
two halves, secured together by flanges and bolts, and may be bolted to
the standard of the framing, as shown.
The improved mode of applying the cover or casing (y) to the
machines according to the fifth part of my Invention is illustrated by
Figures 1 and 2, and Figures 18, 19, and 20. The ring (a) of the outer
cage is made in some cases of angle iron to give increased strength and
breadth, as shown in Figures 5 and IS, and in some cases the discs have
hoops (a) applied to them to give increased strength and breadth, as
shown in Figures 15 and 18, and in other cases the breadth of the discs
at their edges is increased. The cover (7), see Figures 1, 2, 18, 19, and
20,) is made to fit as close as possible without touching the edges of the
discs, as shown.
Figure 7 illustrates the mode of carrying out the sixth part of my
Invention for lubricating. Upon the solid shaft (c) two bosses are formed
or two cast-iron or other metal bosses (c) are secured by keys or other-
wise, and the two ends of the hollow shaft (b) are bored out to fit the
bosses, as shown, and at each end of the hollow shaft (b') a plate (b) is
secured by set screws (6) so as to be oil-tight. The lubricating matter
is filled into the hollow shaft (b) by removing the screw plug (b) until
it comes to about level with the under side of the solid shaft (c), and by
this means the bosses (c) will be kept constantly lubricated.
Figures 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 11 illustrate the several modes of
carrying into effect the seventh part of my Invention. In Figures 1, 3,
and 4 the hollow shaft (b) has an oblong square hole made across it at
each end, in which the brasses or bearings (6) are fitted in two halves,,
and these are kept in their places by two plates (6) secured oil-light
against facings upon the hollow shaft by bolts (6"). The brasses are
packed as they wear by thin plates of metal, one of which of equal
thickness is added to the back of each step as required. Figures!
and 10 show another mode of tightening the bearings of the hollow:
shaft in a machine where both discs b and c are formed upon hollow,
shafts, but as the same management is applied to both shafts the shaft b¹
will only be referred to. It will be seen that two half brasses or steps
are fitted into an oblong hole formed at each end of the hollow shaft (b').
The back of each brass (65) has a broad inclined groove in it, in which

page_text: a wedge (65) fits, as shown, and this wedge has a screwed projection
that passes through the boss part of the hollow shaft, the projection
having a nut upon it, by which the wedge can be drawn forward to
tighten the brass against the shaft. In this modification both discs (b)
and (c) are mounted upon hollow shafts and c, which rotate upon a
stationary shaft (W) carried by the standards of the framing (A). It is
obvious that the mode of tightening the brasses shown by Figures 9 and
10 is applicable to machines where there is a solid and hollow shaft both
revolving. At the inner end of the hollow shaft (c) in Figure 11 and
by Figure 12 another mode of tightening the brasses is shown.
By this
arrangement the brasses (5) are inserted in oblong holes in the end of
the shaft in two halves, as in Figures 9 and 10, and they are secured
and tightened by set screws (5), The points of which enter holes in the
backs of the brasses, as shown. Figures and 6 show the mode of
tightening the brasses for the hollow shaft (0) by forming cones (c') on
the solid shaft (c). The brasses (6) for the inner end of the shaft arc
made in two halves, as shown, and they are slided into the shaft to
tighten the brasses by set screws (6) that screw into ears from the
brasses, as shown (see Figure 6). The brass (*) for the outer end of
the hollow shaft may be made in one piece, and tightened and secured
by set screws, as shown. Figure 8 illustrates a mode of tightening the
bushes or brasses, which are made conical on their exterior, and fit cones
formed in the ends of the hollow shaft. The solid shaft (c) in this case
is cylindrical, and it is screwed, and the bushes (c) are screwed upon the
shaft (c), and they are each locked upon the shaft by a lock screw, hoop,
or nut (c and c"). The screw thread upon the shaft (c) is arranged so
that the friction of the rotating hollow shaft (6) upon the buslies (c)
will tend to screw them towards and against the lock nuts (c³ and c).
In this arrangement the bushes are sorewed up without taking the
machine to pieces by taking the set screws 1, 2, and 3 out of the hollow
shaft and inserting a screw, the point of which will enter into a slot (c)
in the cone bush (there being one in each bush) or a slot in the inner
nut (c). When this is done by holding one disc (b or c) and revolving
the other, either of the bushes (3) or the nut (c³), one at a time, may be
screwed either way upon the shaft (c), as required.
nut (c) may be held or turned by a suitable screw key.
cone bush is used upon the end of the solid shaft (6'),
may be tightened in the end of the hollow shaft.
slide on the shaft (6) upon a key, which causes it
The outer lock
In Figure 11 a
so that its bearing
The bush (c) can
to rotate with the

page_text: shaft, and the bush is slided along by means of a screw nut and lock
mut (c) upon the end of the shaft, as shown. By fixing or forming
bosses on the central solid shafts in Figures 1, 9, and II, and arranging
the brasses (b) to work on these bosses, and by adding oil-tight plates (6º),
as in Figure 7 to the ends of the hollow shafts, these bearings of the
hollow shafts may be lubricated, as illustrated in Figure 7. The bear-
ings in the hollow shaft in Figure 8 may also be lubricated, as in
Figure 7, by adding plates or caps (62) (as in Figure 7) to the ends of the
hollow shaft.
The eighth part of my improvements is illustrated by Figures 18, 19,
and 20, Figures 15, 16, and 17, and Figures 21, 22, and 23, also by.
Fig.. 24.
In the disintegrator shown by Figures 18, 19, and 20 the solid
shaft (c) is mounted in bearings carried by the standards, as in the
ordinary machine, but the hollow shaft (b) is mounted on separate
bearings and standards from the framing, concentric with but not
touching the solid shaft. There is a separate standard to steady the
fixed knife (d) in this machine, the knife being bolted to the standard
which carries the bearing of the shaft (c), which standard is further
from the cages to give a better admission to the central opening. A
separate standard for the knife with the standard for the shaft further
away from the cages may also be used in machines of the type shown by
Figures and 5. Figures 15, 16, and 17 show the machine where a
hollow shaft is dispensed with; each of the discs (b and c') is secured
upon one end of a separate shaft (b' and c), both shafts with their axes
in the same line and with their ends upon which the cages are fixed
touching each other or nearly so, one shaft in plumber blocks in front
and the other in plumber blocks behind the cages, as shown. Figures 21
and 22 show a machine similar to that represented in Figures 15, 16.
and 17, but differently arranged and constructed, being recommended for
machines of large diameter and driven at great velocity. The plumber
blocks in this case are secured to beams of wood or iron, but by prefer-
ence to large blocks of stone built upon and secured to a heavy mass of
masonry. The pulleys (b, c,) in these machines are placed upon the
overhanging ends of the shafts (b' and c) as shown. The discs for the
cages are made of wrought-iron plates, the large disc for each set of cages
being rivetted to cast-iron bosses (6* and c*), one of which is secured
upon the end of each solid shaft, as shown. The discs for large machines
driven at high speed should be made as true and equally balanced as

page_text: practicable. In that shown by Figure 24 the discs are turned perfectly
true on both sides. The base plate A for machines with the cages
on separate shafts placed end to end may be made in one piece, as
shown in Figure 24, and the disc for the cages may be made solid and
without ribs, as shown. In disintegrators of the type shown by
Figures 15 to 20 inclusive, and in all other types of the machine where
possible. I prefer to make (though not so shown in the Drawings) the
journals and brasses both for the inside and outside bearings of exactly
the same size, so that they may be exchanged from top to bottom and
from one journal to the other as they wear; those brasses wearing the
fastest which are nearest the cages.
Figure illustrates that combination and arrangement of disintegrator,
according to the eighth part of my Invention where one end of the solid
and one end of the hollow shaft have independent bearings in plumber
blocks, the driving pulleys (2 and c) being on the ends of the shafts on
the outside of the bearings. The hollow shaft may have ordinary bush
bearings, but I prefer the arrangements shown for tightening or some of
the other arrangements for this purpose herein-before explained. The
hollow shaft may have a second independent bearing, as shown in dotted
line, overhanging into the cage and properly covered instead of having
one of its bearings upon the solid shaft. The large disc (b) in the above
arrangement may be secured to the hollow shaft and the small disc (c')
to the solid shaft if desired.
I have now particularly described the nature of my improvements, and
the manner of carrying the same into effect, and claim as my Invention
the several improvements substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Thomas Carr, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth, day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
THOMAS CARR. (L.S.)