IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PLOUGHS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH.
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hensman, of Woburn, in the County of
Bedfordshire, and William Hensman, the younger, of Linslade, in the
County of Buckinghamshire, Agricultural Engineers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PLOUGHS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THERE WITH.
Sealed the 13th May 1862, and dated the 5th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hensman and
William Hensman, the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th March 1862.
We, WILLIAM HENSMAN, of Woburn, in the County of Bedfordshire, and
WILLIAM HENSMAN the younger, of Linslade, in the County of Buckinghamshire,
Agricultural Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PLOUGHS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in ploughs, specially applicable
to steam culture; and, secondly, to improvements in the apparatus for giving
motion thereto. The improved plough consists of a frame or carriage mounted
upon six wheels, two land and four furrow wheels. To the plough beams,
shares and cutters are affixed in pairs on the opposite sides of the beams, which
are capable of being lifted and reversed at the end of each course; at the side

page_text: of the plough there is a sliding rod connected by chains to draw links to lay
the drag rope in its proper place ready for the return course.
The plough
beams and coulters have a plain or indented head, and the coulters are secured
to the plough beam by improved adjustable clamps. The improvements in
apparatus for transmitting power from the steam engine to the plough consists
in a novel mode of lifting the pinions out of gear with the rope drums, and
checking the revolution thereof by means of a simple lever.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Hensman, and William Hensman, the younger, in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
HENSMAN, of Woburn, in the County of Bedfordshire, and WILLIAM HENSMAN,
the younger, of Linslade, in the County of Buckinghamshire, Agricultural
Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Hensman and William Hensinan, the younger, Her special licence,
that we, the said William Hensman and William Hensman, the younger, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William
Hensman and William Hensman, the younger, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom.
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PLOUGHS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others), that we, the said William
Hensman and William Hensman, the younger, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal.
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Hensman, on behalf of:
myself and the said William Hensman, the younger, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by. the following:
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention relates firstly, to improvements in ploughs specially applicable.
to steam culture; and, secondly, to improvements in the apparatus for giving
motion thereto. The improved plough consists of a frame or carriage mounted.
on six wheels, two land and four furrow wheels. To the plough beams shares:
and coulters are affixed in pairs on the opposite sides of the beams, which are
capable of being lifted and reversed at the end of each course.. At the side
of the plough there is a sliding rod, connected by chains to draw links, to lay:
the drag rope in its proper place ready for the return course. The plough.
beam and coulter have a plain or indented bead, and the coulters are secured:
to the plough beam by improved adjustable clamps.. The improvements in
apparatus for transmitting power from the steam engine to the plough, consists
in a novel mode of lifting the pinions out of gear with the rope drums, and
checking the revolutions thereof by means of a simple lever.
And in order that the same may be clearly understood, reference is had to.
the accompanying Drawings, and to the following description thereof.. The
same letters refer to similar parts in each of these Drawings..
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 an. end elevation, and Figure 3 a part:
plan view, of our improved double plough for steam culture.
A, A, are plough beams supported upon a travelling frame, as herein-after
described.. a, a, are land wheels, and b, b, furrow wheels. The land wheels a, a;
are capable of adjustment by means of a screw stem c, which raises or lowers
them upon the slide rail c'. When lifted by a lever d the furrow wheels slide.
upon the rails . G is a square frame, which slides upon the upright rods
h, h, being lifted by means of a roller and chain i, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2,
or by a rod and lever, as shewn in Figure 1. Figure 4 is an end elevation*
of the lever and its supporting bracket. The plough beams are bolted.
together at each end, and furnished with a longitudinal central rod or bolt k,
upon which they are free to revolve when lifted clear of the bearing bar j.
The bolt k passes through two holes in a bow-shaped frame 1, which is pivoted
into the sides of the frame G. While in work the plough beams are held'
down upon the bearing bars ; by a lever and catch. P, P, are the ploughs,
affixed in pairs on opposite sides of the beams A; X is an overhead tie
beam, and y, y,. stay irons. The wheel bars c¹, d¹, turn freely on their centres,

page_text: and thereby alter the direction of the wheels, inclining to the right or left as
are connected together at
O, O', are sockets affixed
guided by the steering handle L. The bars c and d
their upper ends by the levers m and cross bar n.
to the bars d to receive the steering lever L, which, upon being inserted in the
socket O, is caught and held by a self-acting catch 7. S, S', are supplementary
furrow wheels. When the ploughs are in work the then foremost supple-
mentary wheel S is lifted and held out of action by a catch, as shewn in
Figure 1, the hindmost furrow wheel 6 being at the same time lifted out of
action, and the supplementary furrow wheel S¹ depressed to run in the furrow,,
each wheel being held firmly in the required position by catch levers, as shewn.
On reaching the end of a course the implement is not turned round, but the.
plough beams are lifted (at one or both ends) and turned over so as to bring,
the opposite pair of ploughs into action. The guiding or steering lever L is
changed to the then foremost socket, and the position of the furrow wheels
reversed and arranged relatively as before described. The seat for the steers-.
man is also changed, being held by sockets q, in which a stem is slid. In the
plan view, Figure 3, T is a rod sliding in eyes't, t, attached to each end of the.
frame; U, U, and V, V, are draw links, to the outer ends of which the drag,
ropes are attached.
w, w, are chains connecting the ends of the draw, links
with the rod T. By means of this arrangement the hinder links U2, V2,.are.
brought into the position shewn, which lays the back rope in its proper place
ready for the return course, whereby a direct action is obtained free from any
side strain.
Figure 5 is a side view, and Figure 6 a cross section, of part of a plough
beam, having a raised bead 63, against which a flat coulter, being held by a
suitable clamp, admits of the coulter point being placed in or inclined to the.
line of draught as may be required.
Figure 7 is a side view, and Figure 8 a plan view, of part of a plough:
beam, having a raised and indented bead. The indents may be either semi-
circular or angular, for the reception of a round or flat beaded coulter stem,
held in any required position by a suitable clamp.
Figure 9. is a side view, and Figure, 10 a plan view, of a plough beam in
which there are, three or more holes c, c³, to receive, the circular stem of a.
holder d³.
Figure 11, a round coulter stem, being placed therein it is
capable of being adjusted upon and held securely to the plough beam by
means of a suitable clamp.
Figure 12 is a side elevation, and Figure 13 a cross section, of a flat.
coulter, having a projecting bead raised upon its bearing side, which may be.

page_text: used. upon a beaded plough beam (either plain or indented), thereby admitting
of a double adjustment, viz., the direction of the point, and the inclination of
the cutting edge of the coulter.
Figure 14 is a plan view, and Figure 15 a front elevation, of a clamp
suitable for holding the foregoing coulter.
Figure 16 is one of two rounded webs, the stem of which passes through an
oblong hole e, with a circular back bearing for the screw nuts, so as to admit
of any required inclination being given to the point as well as to the edge of
the coulter.
Figure 17 is an edge view, and Figure 18 a back view, of a jointed clamp
for attaching flat coulters to plough beams. The upper and lower screw
bolts f, g, are jointed to the back of the clamp h³, the front bar being
tightened by the screw nuts.
Figure 19 is an improved mode of constructing the wheel and other slides
of ploughs and other implements, by making them panelled, as shewn in the
Drawing, whereby a steadier and more durable bearing is obtained than when
plain surfaces are employed; Figure 20 is a cross section, and Figure 21 an
edge view of the same.
Figure 22 is a side elevation, and Figure 23 a back view, of a windlass for
steam ploughing, constructed agreeably to our said improvements. A³, A³, are
the travelling wheels, but in Figure 21 the near wheel is omitted to shew the
other parts; B, B2, are the shafts and frame; C, the axle; D2, D3, are two
drums upon which the ropes are wound, mounted, and revolving upon the
axle C. The outer rim of each of the drums d' is toothed. On each side of
the frame there is an upright pedestal, block, or bracket E². F2 is a hori-
zontal shaft, carrying two pinions 9', g', which gear respectively into the
rims d' of the drums D2. He is a rigger for receiving motion from a steam
engine. The shaft F revolves in bearings supported upon the moveable
levers 1, 1, which are jointed to the bracket E³ at e*. J2 is a lever, one end
of which is jointed to the frame B at 6, the other end being attached by a
connecting rod 65 to the levers 12. K is a brake attached to the lever J.
When the lever I is lifted it disengages the pinion g' from the toothed wheel,
and at the same time brings the brake K³ into contact with the inside surface
of the toothed rim d', and stops the revolution of the drum. L² is a lever
catch for holding the lever 12, and keeping the pinion g' either in or out of
gear with the toothed rim of the drum. Each drum, with its pinion, brake,
and lever is independent of the other, so that they can be lifted together or
separately, as may be required. M2 is a length of chain uniting the ends of

page_text: the two ropes that are wound upon the drums, in the centre of which chain
there is a drag hook m² for attaching to the implement to be drawn.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hensman, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
W. BADDELEY,
Patent Agent,
Islington.
WILLIAM HENSMAN. (L.S.).