Improvements in Apparatus for Rapidly Heating Liquids.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Jan., 1892-Accepted, 2nd Apr., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION:
Improvements in Apparatus for Rapidly Heating Liquids.
1, BERTHOLD ZEITSCHEL of 12, Ritter Strasse, Berlin, S., in the Kingdom of
Prussia, German Empire, Manager do hereby declare the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to an apparatus by means of which large quantities of water,
or any other liquid, may be brought to any high temperature desired, and is
applicable as a stove for heating water for bathing, and also for industrial purposes,
when it is required to heat or boil large quantities of water in a short time. The
fuel employed may be gas, petroleum or any other combustible liquid. It is very
easy to raise the temperature of the water to any given point, and the warm or hot
water may then by means of suitable pipes or flues be conducted to the place where
it is to be used, and I also provide cocks specially arranged for the purpose, of
regulating the temperature to which the water is heated and also of preventing an
explosion of the apparatus, as hereinafter explained. The gas burner is also of a
new and improved construction, for the purpose stated in the following description.
In order to describe my invention more closely, so as to enable any one skilled in
the art to which it appertains to construct and use. the same, I will refer to the
accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is an elevation of the apparatus,
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the same, without the legs,
Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the burner,
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, is a horizontal section through the line
Fig. 5 is a horizontal section through the line
Fig. 6 is an under view of the system of tubes W.
Fig. 7 is a separate elevation of the cocks for the entrance of gas and water.
Fig. 8 is a section through the line of Fig. 7.
of Fig. 2.
of Fig. 2.
The base portion c of the stove is supported on three legs a, and the top of the
same is closed by a cover d. Inside the base e is placed the burner e and above
the same, inside the stove b, the heating apparatus, the construction of which is as
follows:
The apparatus consists of a double cylindrical shell g, the outer layer being
formed by a smooth cylinder of sheet-metal, and the inner one by corrugated sheet-
metal. The space between the two walls constituted by said sheet-metal is left
free and closed at the bottom, but at the top communicates through a double cover
with tubes m and n, and in the lower part water is let in through pipe by means
of the cock k. The tubes m and n are curved towards one another and form then a
single tube o, which leads to a disc P. arrange four discs of the same kind inside
the cylinder g, though of course I may employ any convenient number. These by
reason of their function, I call heating discs. Between the outer periphery of each
and the inner wall y a narrow passage for the gases of combustion is left.
Between every two heating discs ppp I place intermediate annular double
discs rr, which I call heating rings. These are secured laterally to the interior
of y, but no water can possibly pass directly from y into said rings. Each of the
latter is connected to the heating disc above and below the same by means of tubular
posts 8, as shown in Figs. 2, 4 & 5. In Fig. 4 a heating ring, and in Fig. 5 a heating
disc is more clearly shown.
The posts s are not all in communication at both their ends with the heating
discs and rings, but only one out of three posts placed in the same chamber. The
communicating posts are however not placed one above the other, but are arranged
in such a manner that the way of the water from one disc or ring to the following

page_text: may be as long as possible. The bottom disc p³ is supported on three standards t
one of which is not shown in Fig. 2 in order to make the drawing clear. To said
standards is fixed a ring u, forming a groove inside the base c. The cylinder g
rests on the bent ends of the standards. The groove or chaunel is designed to
collect any water due to condensation or combustion running down from cylinder g.
As the groove is made of iron, which would be liable to rust it is inwardly
covered with sheet-copper v. The standards have their under sides formed in
such a manner, that a small space is left between the same and the collecting
groove u, in order to allow for the passage of water. The latter is drained off
through a pipe into a receptacle and thence is discharged through pipe w¹.
Below the bottom heating disc p³ there, is provided a series of tubes W, each of
which is bent several times and conveys the water from disc p³ into the central
tube .
A T-shaped piece y, secured to the shell b, receives the upper end of tube a
and of the straight tube a¹ extending downward from said piece, and also the lower
end of a curved tube z. To the tube a' there is fixed a thermometer &, indicating
the temperature of the heated water, and a cock c' is also provided by means of
which the entrance of water into the bathing-tub is opened or closed. The tube a¹
is at its lower end supported by a perforated T-shaped arm d' and terminates in a
curved end-piece e', which may be turned around the joint, and is placed immediately
above the bathing-tub. The upper end of the curved tube is provided with a
cock, the plug of which is bored not only in breadth, but also in length, in order
that the water entering the same may be admitted to the head-douche pipe g' or to
the hand-douche pipe . Thus when the cock is closed and c opened, water is
admitted to the bathing-tub; but upon closing the cock and opening. f water
enters the head-douche or the hand-douche, according to the position of cock f.
The hand-douche itself is not shown on the drawing, but it simply consists of a
spray rose connected to tube by means of a flexible india-rubber pipe; the spray
may therefore be directed on any part of the body. When no water is to flow out
of the apparatus, the cock c' is closed fully and the cock" nearly so, the position
being marked on a dial-plate, the cock remaining open a little. In order to cut
off the supply of water entirely, the cock k (Fig. 7) is closed. The apparatus then
remains filled with water, and any steam that should be generated escapes through
the small passages between z and or and g¹. It will therefore be understood
that the apparatus requires to be filled with water but once, when it is employed
for the first time.
The water passes through the heating discs and rings from above to below, and
the gases of combustion ascend in the contrary direction, and being conducted
along the before mentioned heating rings and discs in a zig-zag path, they heat the
water very effectually. The latter, which is cold when entering through pipe, is
so powerfully heated in the apparatus, that it is almost boiling when leaving the
same. The temperature to which the water is heated may be regulated by
increasing or diminishing the angle to which cock k is opened and thereby altering
the time which the water takes to pass through the apparatus. It is apparent that
the water will become more heated when passing through the apparatus slowly,
than when flowing quickly through the same; and it will be understood, that I
may combine with the cock k a dial on which a pointer attached to the cock handle,
will indicate the temperature to which the water is heated when the cock is in this
particular position.
I will now describe the gas burner e (Fig. 3) which is placed in the base c.
Said
burner consists of tiree concentric perforated tubes communicating on two sides
with the main tube k, in which air and gas are mixed together. This tube is, near
its mouth, pivotted on a hollow pivot l, which communicates at its lower end with
the gas-pipe m', and at its upper end carries a curved tube a', to which is secured
the nozzle o. The end of the latter is placed directly opposite the centre of the
mouth of the tube A, thus the gas passes from pipe m through pivot tube n' and
nozzle o into tube k', the mixture of said gas with air, taking place in the usual
manner in this tube.

page_text: It has however been found advantageous to admix the air with the gas, gradually
in order to prevent the same from igniting inside the tube k³, and this is attained
by the device shown in Fig. 3. Said device consists of the disc³, in the centre of
which the nozzle o slides, when the burner is turned around the pivot P. The
disc is fixed to a short arm s', which allows said disc to be turned together with
the burner, and causes the aforesaid nozzle o to slide within the central bore of
the disc. When the burner is completely outside the base c. as indicated by
dotted lines, the disc is placed directly before the mouth. of the main tube
so that only gas and no air, may enter the same. The burner is lighted in
this position, a door being provided in the base c, in order to allow the burner
to pass.
When turning the burner again into the base e, gradually more and
more air is mixed with the gas, whereby the ingress of the flame into the
tube and consequent loss of heating power is prevented. The concentric
tubes communicating with, said tube & are of course perforated for the escape
of gas.
In the case of liquid fuel, any suitable arrangement of burners or the
like may be employed but I do not claim a particular device.
In order to prevent explosions of the apparatus caused by heating the same
when the cock for the entrance of water is closed, and whereby all water would
be converted into steam, I arrange the gas cock and water cock in such a
manner, that by opening the former, the latter is also automatically opened.
This arrangement is shown in Figs. 7 & 8. To the handle of the water-cock ký
or to the plug of the same as shown, is attached an arm 2, the end of which
is provided with a pin c², which slides in a slot at the end of an arm
The other end of the latter is, by means of the pin e, connected to an arm 3,
secured to the gas-cock in the same manner as is to the water-cock. In
the position illustrated by the drawing both cocks are half open. It will easily
be understood that, when closing the gas-cock the water-cock. will remain
open, as the arm and pin care not rigidly connected with. one another.
The cocks therefore must be closed each separately. But when both cocks are
closed in which case the handles of the same would be turned to the left from
the position shown in Fig. 7, and consequently the arms 2 and 3 to the right-
it is apparent, that by turning the handle of the gas-cock t' to the right, thus
opening the same, the arm is drawn to the left by pin 3, which turns the
arm of the water-cock together with the plug of the same, whereby the
latter is opened. Thus any danger resulting from negligence or ignorance is
completely averted.
.
By means of the described burner the air contained in the apparatus is highly
heated and passes, together with the gases of combustion, along the inner surface
of the cylinder g and along the heating discs and rings, as described; these parts
largely absorb the heat of said air and gases, and convey the same to the water,
which flows through the said parts. The efficiency of the apparatus may be judged
from the fact, ascertained by a long series of experiments that the air escaping into
the chimney through the smoke-pipe pt is of a temperature lower than that of the
atmosphere of the room in which the apparatus is placed. This fact sufficiently
proves that the improved apparatus is by far superior to those employed hitherto."
flaving now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In an apparatus for heating liquids: The hereinbefore described arrangement
of the double cylinder g, the double heating discs p p' p² p³ and heating rings
through which a continuous stream of water is sent, for the purpose as described.
2. In an apparatus for heating liquids: The system of tubes W placed below the
bottom heating disc p³ and communicating with the central tube x, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
3. In an apparatus for heating liquids: The tubular posts s, placed in horizontal
sets between the heating discs and rings, only one post in each set effecting the

page_text: communication of the disc and ring to which it it is fixed, and the different com-
municating posts being out of line with one another, for the purpose set forth.
!!
4. In an apparatus for heating liquids: The standards for supporting the
cylinder and the heating disc p³, said standards receiving a circular groove a
inwardly covered with copper c, in combination with the outflow pipe w, substantially
and for the purpose as described.
5. In an apparatus for heating liquids: The burner e, pivotted at ', consisting
of the hollow pivot, the curved tube ', the nozzle o, and the tube communi-
cating with concentric perforated tubes, in combination with the disc fixed to the
arms and in which the nozzle o slides, for the purpose of gradually mixing the gas
with air, as described.
6. In an apparatus for heating liquids: The cock & for the entrance of water, iu
combination with a pointer indicating on a dial the temperature the water will
acquire in every position to which the said cock is opened, for the purpose as
described.
7. In an apparatus for heating liquids: The combination, with the arms
turning together with the plug of the water-cock & and the gas-cock t¹, of the arm d
having the slot s² and connected with said armis b² 3 in such a manner, that when
opening the gas-cock t¹ the water-cock k will automatically be opened together
with the other, but will remain open upon closing the same, substantially as
described.
Dated this 14th day of January 1805
BERTHOLD ZEITSCHEL,
By Fredk. Walker,
11, Furnival Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.