matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Calvert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1865.
J, WILLIAM CALVERT, of Great Wilson Street, Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the prevention of accidents upon railways, and
consists of a series of brackets of cast iron, or other suitable material, placed
at any desired interval upon a line of railway between the up and down
rails. Each bracket is furnished with a shaft resting on a boss on the upper
part of the same. On this shaft I key at any desired angle a short arm or
lever having a "flat table" on its outer end, and at an angle to this arm or
lever I key on this same shaft a double lever. When in a state of quiescence
the "flat table" lever forms an acute angle with a vertical line drawn through
the centre of the shaft, whilst the double lever at the other end of the shaft
rests upon a pin in the side of the bracket, and has holes bored in its
extremities to receive connecting wires. I affix a stud on one side of the
bracket beneath the upper arm of the double lever, and upon it place a right
angled lever, one end of which is so shaped as to form a catch, whilst the
other end is plain and parallel to the rail. A lug is also formed on the catch
end of the lever. Wires conveyed by means of carrying rollers from bracket
to bracket are secured to these lugs and the levers at the extreme ends of the
shaft. Upon an engine passing one of these brackets the flange of one of
the tyres of the wheel strikes a lever connected with the table lever, throwing

page_text: it up, and in so doing throws a stud affixed to the upper end of the double
lever into the catch lever before named, a spring or weight on the axis of
which permits it to yield the requisite distance. The table lever is by this
motion placed in a nearly vertical position. The engine passing on to the
next bracket performs the same operation; that, however, relieves the first
bracket, tension being brought on the connecting wires the catch lever
releases the table lever. A second engine following the first one, and passing
the first bracket before the first engine has reached the second bracket, is
signalled of the danger by the table lever, which is nearly vertical, striking
a projection in communication with a bell, which may be placed on the
weather board, a valve letting off steam, or a whistle, and thus the alarm is
given.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POCKET PENCILS
Year: 1865

page_text: Office of the Commissioners of Patents, wi.h his Petition, on the 13th
May 1865.
I, JOHN FREDERIC COOKE, of 84, Cannon Street, in the City of London,
Wholesale Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POCKET PENCILS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the improvements, herein-after described, in the
manufacture of pocket pencils, which said pocket pencils are made either
wholly of metal or in part metal, the remaining portions being manufactured
of ivory, bone, or wood.
Fig. 1 in the Drawings annexed shews the point of a pocket pencil when
closed; Fig. 2 shows the point opened by the principle of my Invention thus:
-The projecting point A is drawn from the body of the point, the part
marked B being composed of flexible metal, and still joined to the body of the
point. By this movement of A the wedge C is withdrawn from the partition
into which it fitted; the remaining and larger section of the point D
revolving on the hinge E is then opened, as shown in the Drawing, and the
tube generally used in pocket pencils is disclosed for the insertion of leads.
The shape of the points of my pencils, taking each point as a whole, may be
varied according to taste or use. I sometimes also make the pencil cases to
unfasten in the centre, or just below the lowest point to which the lead-
holding tube may be brought within the pencil. The joint or union of the

page_text: two parts of the pencil may in this case be made either by means of a screw
or a bayonet catch. By a bayonet catch I mean the same plan of fastening
as that by which a bayonet is fitted to a gun. The Fig. 3 illustrates this last
principle in a pocket pencil when opened for the insertion of a lead. The
part of the pencil, higher or lower, in which such screw or catch may be most
conveniently made will also vary in different pencils, but the principle will
always be the same.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would wish it to be
understood that I claim the construction of pocket pencils, herein described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FINISHING RIVETS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Kinnaird York, of the Grange Town Iron
Works, Cardiff, Ironmaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR FINISHING RIVETS."
Sealed the 25th May 1866, and dated the 11th December 1865.
in pursuance of the conditions of Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry. Kinnaird York
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th December 1865:
I, HENRY KINNAIRD YORK, of the Grange Town Iron Works, Cardiff,
Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im.
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FINISHING RIVETS," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for finish-
ing rivets. For these purposes a machine or lathe is constructed suitable
for receiving, holding, and cutting ordinarily formed rivets, so as to render
the heads of rivets of a uniform shape and size, and at the same time
insure the stems being correctly centred and the rivet clean under the.
head.
A mandril similar to an ordinary lathe mandril is employed, having one
bearing and a back centre. On this mandril is a loose pulley or drum,

page_text: which is affixed to a friction cone; there is also a hollow friction cone,
which is brought into contact with the cone by a lever, by which when
desired motion is given to the mandril by a strap on the pulley or drum.
The stem of each rivet is received into and held by a chuck of the follow-
ing construction;-A disc or face plate is fixed to the mandril. This disc
has a slot formed in it, in which two holding jaws are capable of being
moved to and from each other and to the centre of the disc. Each
of these jaws is moved by an excentric on two spindles or axles, on which
are pinions gearing with a central wheel which revolves freely on the
mandril, On this centre wheel is a hand wheel, by which it can be
caused to rotate by the workman, The end of the mandril is hollow to
receive the end of a rivet beyond where it is held by the jaws, When the
stem of a rivet has been introduced into the chuck the hand wheel is
turned and the two jaws are caused to approach each other till they hold
the stem of the rivet, when a break is applied to the hand wheel and the
friction thus caused ensures the rivet being held tight, and this is done by
the same motion which sets the machine in motion. There are two
cutting tools, and they are carried by a rest similar to what are used
in lathes. These two tools are held one above the other, and are brought
into action in succession; the top tool acts on the neck of the rivet so as
to cut the under surface of the head, and the two cutting tools are
so adjusted to each other that the cutter does not come into action for
shaping the upper surface of the head till the other has performed its cut,
and the upper cutter after making its cut becomes or acts as a stay in
preventing the jumping of the rivet when the lower tool is shaping the
head. As soon as the turning of the rivet is completed the lathe is
stopped, the brake on the hand wheel is removed, and the rivet at once
released.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS AND GUARD OF A RAILWAY TRAIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Lea at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1865.
I, RICHARD LEA, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
TO BE EMPLOYED FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS AND GUARD OF
A RAILWAY TRAIN," to be as follows:-
This improved apparatus is designed to afford facilities for the passengers
of railway trains to communicate by signal with the guard at any time when
desirable either by day or by night. The apparatus is applied to each carriage,
is self-contained, and requires no care or attention in connecting or disconnect-
ing the carriages composing the train. The signal appeals at the same time to
the ear and the eye of the guard, and consists of a powerful detonating cap
which is exploded by means of a hammer and lights a candle in a red or other
colored lantern at the same time that a red or other colored flag is released
and thrown out by a spiral or other spring. The whole is contained in a
metal or other case (fixed to the top of the carriage) which protects it from
the effects of the weather, and the lid of which only flies open at the time
that the signal is given. The apparatus consists principally of an anvil or
nipple upon which a large and powerful detonating cap is placed, and a
hammer controlled by a powerful spring. The hammer is held by a detent
which is released by pulling a wire or cord inside the carriage. The anvil

page_text: or nipple is perforated, and immediately behind it is a candle in a colored
lantern, the wick of the candle being so prepared by any suitable combustible
compound that the explosion of the cap shall instantly light the same. Part
of the hammer forms the cap or cover of a cylindrical case which contains a
red or other flag which is projected by a spiral spring the instant that the
movement of the hammer withdraws the cap or cover from the case above-
named. It will thus be evident that upon any of the passengers pulling the
cord or wire in the carriage the detonating cap' will be exploded at the same
time that the lantern is lighted and the flag displayed, and that the lantern
and flag will remain thus until restored to their former state which can only
be done by the guard on the outside of the carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR DISCHARGING COALS AND OTHER CARGO FROM SHIPS' HOLDS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE RAISING AND TRANSFERRING OF WEIGHTS FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Elliot and Henry Coxon.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th February 1865.
We, GEORGE ELLIOT, of Betley Hall, in the County of Stafford, Colliery
Owner, and HENRY COXON, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR DISCHARGING COALS AND OTHER CARGO FROM SHIPS' HOLDS, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO THE RAISING AND TRANSFERRING OF WEIGHTS FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the construction and employment of a derrick
and appliances as hereafter described. The derrick is composed of a spar or
beam fitted with two pulleys or chain wheels near the ends thereof, round
which pulleys an endless chain, rope, or band is made to travel. The lower
pulley is driven by steam or other power, and the spar is placed in a more or
less inclined position. Chains or ropes are connected to the endless chain,.
rope, or band aforesaid at intervals, and these chains or ropes carry at bottom
a hook or other fastening, according to the weight to be acted on.
By way of explaining the working of this apparatus we will suppose it
applied to the raising of coal from the hold of a ship and discharging it into
a shoot. The derrick is fixed at such height and inclination that when the
chains, as aforesaid, depending from the endless chain reach the lowest point of
their travel they shall enter the hold of the ship. For every chain there is
a bucket, with extra buckets to spare. Upon the driving pulley being made

page_text: to rotate, the endless chain will be also set in motion round the pulleys,
taking with it the chains attached to it. A bucket being filled and attached to
the lowest chain, is raised from the hold, and by the travel of the endless
chain is carried into a different vertical plane and over the shoot, into which
its contents are tilted; the bucket returns by means of the endless chain to
the point from whence it started, and is refilled or is replaced by another
bucket already filled. The other buckets connected by the chains to the endless
chains follow in the same course as the first, and so on. The height and
inclination of the derrick should be altered to suit the level of the coals in the
hold; and in order to prevent contact between the ascending and descending
buckets we apply a partition or screen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Gold Kimberley at the-
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
April 1865.
I, NATHAN GOLD KIMBERLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,.
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in constructing locks for safes and other purposes.
requiring special security with a small vertical bolt working in a slot in the
beak or locking end of the usual bolt of the lock, and upon the inside of the
lock plate or in the corresponding side of the safe I fix a catch worked by a
spring, which catch when the lock bolt is shot presses upwards the small
vertical bolt, which is forced beyond the top of the ordinary bolt and thus
affords an additional guard. The small bolt is withdrawn on unlocking
merely by the action of the key upon a lever, which brings it down flush
within the lock bolt and admits of the latter being drawn back. Instead of
the spring actuating the catch on the lock plate a wedge operating directly
from the key may be used to drive the catch into an aperture on the under side
of the lock bolt, and this arrangement may be employed either in conjunction
with the small vertical bolt or without it..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN STIFFENING FABRICS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Howarth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
December 1865.
I, ROBERT HOWARTH, of Gaythorn Mill, City Road, Manchester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN STIFFENING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be employed
in stiffening fabrics. At the present time when it is required to apply
stiffening material to one side only of a fabric it is usual to pass it between
two rollers, the lower one of which revolves partly immersed in a trough
containing the stiffening material. This apparatus does not work well with
light fabrics, particularly with such as have a nap on the face, as unless a
heavy weight is put on the upper roller the stiffening material, which for such
fabrics is mixed very thick, would pass in too great quantity and irregularly
on to the fabric; and when to avoid this a heavy pressure is applied to the
upper roller, the stiffening material is forced through to the face of the fabric
and fastens down the nap, besides which the stiffening material accumulates
to such an extent behind the nip of the rollers that it is difficult to get the
fabric through it, and the fabric is liable to be stretched and strained out of
shape.

page_text: Now, according to my Invention, I arrange the apparatus in such manner
that the lower roller which dips into the stiffening material, and takes it from
the trough, does not itself come in contact with the fabric, but transfers the
stiffening material to a second roller, which can be pressed against the first
more or less, according to the quantity of stiffening which it is desired that
the second roller shall take. The fabric to be stiffened is passed between
this second roller and a third roller, which can be weighted to any desired
extent and quite independent of the amount of stiffening material to be
given to the fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Lockwood and Alfred
Lockwood, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd April 1865.
We, ALFRED LOCKWOOD and ALFRED LOCKWOOD, junior, of Chester, in the
County of Cheshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:→
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of bricks,
and in the apparatus employed therein. For these purposes bricks are first
formed by expressing clay or brick earth through dies causing each brick to
have a longitudinal hollow passage through it formed by a core in each of the
dies employed.
Other bricks are also similarly made having through them transversely one
or more hollow passages formed by a core or cores in each of the dies employed.
So far however there is no novelty as it is not new to form bricks with hollow
tubular passages through them longitudinally or transversely. The partially
formed bricks having been thus produced by expressing clay or brick earth
through moulding dies or orifices with suitable cores are allowed partially to
dry when each brick is subjected to pressure in a mould of the size of the
finished bricks. These moulds are made simply to contain the bricks, the
pressure being applied by means of mandrils which are made somewhat
conical, and which are forced into the hollow passage or passages in a brick,
two mandrils being thus used to enter at the ends or sides of the mould to

page_text: press and expand the clay or brick earth so as to cause it completely to fill
the mould. Or the moulds may be similar to what have before been made
and used for pressing solid bricks, the pressure being applied to the brick
externally, the hollow therein, when the pressure is applied, being filled with a
mandril.
CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FORGE FURNACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beardmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1865.
I, WILLIAM BEARDMORE, of Parkhead, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FORGE FURNACES," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention, which relates to an improved method of constructing the
furnaces used for heating the masses of iron employed for forge purposes,
consists essentially in forming the bottom of the heating chamber for holding
or receiving the liquid oxide of iron which runs off the charge. The oxide
thus run off is maintained in the receptacle in a liquid state, and tapped off
as required to be used for "fettling" the bottoms of puddling and other
furnaces. As constituting this Invention, and as novel and original, it is
intended to claim for forge furnaces the use of the furnace bottom made of
iron as an ordinary tap bottom for the purpose of containing the liquid oxide,
instead of allowing it to run off into the flue as hitherto.
MENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus De Metz and Thomas
Wickens Fry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th July 1865.
We, AUGUSTUS DE METZ, of 15, Somerford Grove, Stoke Newington, and
THOMAS WICKENS FRY, of 1, Downs Road, Clapton, both in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in railway signals. When
the permanent way of a railway is under repair, and at other times, a
temporary signal is frequently required. For this purpose we employ a
portable railway signal post and socket. The signal post may be carried
The
from place to place with facility and dispatch by an able-bodied man.
post is made of wood, and is 17 feet long or thereabouts, 2 feet of which
length being deposited in the socket herein-after referred to. The post is
five inches square or thereabouts at the part immediately above the two feet
allowed for deposit in the socket, the post diminishing to four inches or there-
abouts at each end. There is an iron cap fixed at the top of the post, which
cap is surmounted by a ball and spear head or some other ornament in wood,
iron, or other metal. There is also a metal shoe on the bottom of the post.
Towards the top there is a division in the post, which is intended as a receptacle
for the arm or signal next herein-after referred to. The arm or signal is
8 feet 6 inches or thereabouts in length, by 6 inches or thereabouts in width,
and is made of wood, iron, or some other metal. There is a metal hook at

page_text: either end of the arm or signal for the purpose of suspending lamps. The
arm or signal is secured to the post within a short distance of the top thereof
by means of a bolt. To one of the hooks alluded to a small iron chain or
rope is attached, by which the arm or signal may be raised or lowered. The
socket or box herein-before referred to is constructed of wood, iron, or other
metal, either with or without a lid, hinges, and handle, and of dimensions anil
shape such as to contain the two feet or thereabouts of the bottom part of the
post referred to. The socket is made with projecting flanges at the bottom,
and with side ribs or webs to give strength. It is intended to fix sockets of
the description referred to in the ground at short distances apart the whole
length of a line of railway, either in (what is commonly termed) the six-feet
way, or in some other part or parts of the permanent way, slopes, or embank-
ments.
We reserve to ourselves the right of deviation from the dimensions of the
post, arm, and socket referred to, and also of adding to the number of arms in
the signal post.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS FOR RAILROAD AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crawford Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1865.
I, JOHN CRAWFORD WALKER, of La Porte, in the County of La Porte and
State of Indiana, United States of America, now of Craven Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS FOR RAILROAD AND
OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in providing for each spring an upper and lower
cylindrical cast-iron box of suitable dimensions, the lower box being about
five inches deep and open at the upper end, the upper box being about three
inches deep and open at the lower end, and being sufficiently less in diameter
than the lower box to admit of its entering freely into the latter, so as to play
up and down within it, barely touching the inner part thereof. The lower
box is filled to the depth of three inches or more with old india-rubber
springs, or discarded india-rubber of any sort, cut into irregular pieces of
about half an inch in diameter, mixed to prevent solidification with a small
quantity of hemp or spunge cut into very small pieces; and the upper box.
is filled nearly quite full of wood, or with india-rubber and hemp, or some
other material; the upper box is then placed with the lower end downwards
above the centre and within the lower box, the end resting upon the filling of
the latter. Thus prepared they may be appropriately placed as other springs,
or, in lieu of other springs, into or upon the bolster of the carriage trucks;

page_text: the lower box may be secured in its place by projections from the bottom part
let into the wood below, or otherwise, as the construction of the trucks or
bolsters of the trucks may require; and the upper box by screws put through
its bottom into the wood above, or otherwise, according to the construction
of the carriage. This spring, of dimensions to correspond to the application
desired, is designed especially for railroad carriages, but it may be used upon
the common road carriage or waggon, and even for artillery, tho principle
of the Invention being in the application of abraded or abandoned or worn
out india-rubber for or to the construction of new springs for railroad
carriages, common road carriages, waggons, or artillery, as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PULLING JACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Tangye at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1865.
I, JOSEPH TANGYE, of the Firm of Tangye Brothers and Price, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PULLING JACES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in arranging the parts of hydraulic pulling jacks in
the manner herein-after described, whereby great compactness and efficiency of
action are secured.
The body of the jack consists of a hollow cylinder in which the principal
piston works, and the rod of the said piston is hollow, and is made into
the pump by which the jack is worked. The cylinder is filled with water
or other liquid, and the pumping of the liquid from one side to the other of
the piston effects the working of the jack. The body or cylinder is bored
throughout, and is closed at top by a screw plug to which a book is fitted by a
cheek joint. The lower end of the cylinder is closed by a screw plug or cap
into which a stuffing box gland is screwed. A hollow piston is fitted in the
cylinder, to which piston a hollow piston rod is fixed, the said piston rod
working through the stuffing box and gland. The piston is provided with
a cupped leather packing to prevent leakage. The inside of the piston is

page_text: bored to receive the plunger of the pump. In the upper end of the piston
a plug is screwed, in which plug the suction valve works. The discharge
valve is fixed in a hole in the side of the piston below the cupped leather
packing. In the hollow piston rod the plunger of the pump works, and in
the head of the said piston rod a recess is cut to receive the tongue lever by
which the pump is worked. To the head of the piston rod a hook is attached
similar to that at the closed end of the cylinder, and the two books are
respectively attached to the two articles to be pulled together, or one to a
fixed and the other to a moveable object. By the working of the said tongue
lever the liquid is transferred through the suction and discharge valves from
the upper side of the piston to the lower side, and the piston is thereby raised.
The two hooks described are thereby made to approach each other and pull
towards each other the things to which they are attached. On the outside of
the cylinder and near its lower end is a boss in which a stop valve is fitted.
This valve is connected with a small tube on the outside of the cylinder opening
Into the said cylinder near its top. By unscrewing the stop valve the liquid is
allowed to flow from underneath the piston to its upper side, and the piston to
descend in the cylinder.
The jack may be used either in a vertical or a horizontal position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING REGULATED OR MEASURED QUANTITIES OF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gordon Rattray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 18th
March 1865.
I, ROBERT GORDON RATTRAY, of Aberdeen, M.D., do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING REGULATED
OR MEASURED QUANTITIES OF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for supplying
regulated or measured quantities of water and other fluids. For these
purposes a vessel of the cubic capacity requisite for supplying a desired
quantity of water or other fluid is employed, and by preference of a cylindrical
form, with conical or hemispherical ends, but vessels of other shapes may be
used; at the upper end of this vessel is fixed or formed a cylindrical supply
passage, which at its lower end rests on a stationary valve which is supported
by a valve rod, the upper end of which is fixed in and suspended from a
bracket or other fixed support; the valve rod passes through a stuffing box
at the upper end of the supply passage. At the upper part of the measuring
vessel is an air valve which opens by its own weight, but is closed by a float
which is caused to rise when the vessel is full of water or other fluid. The
water or other fluid is supplied to the measuring and supply vessel by
preference by a flexible pipe or tube connected to a branch pipe on the supply
passage before mentioned, or the vessel may be otherwise supplied with fluid

page_text: At the lower end of the measuring vessel is fixed an outlet passage having a
valve to cover or close its upper end. The stem of this valve rests on a cross
bar fixed on the interior of the upper end of a vessel into which the outlet
pipe of the measuring vessel descends; when the measuring vessel has been
filled and has been allowed to descend it (rests on [and is supported by the
upper valve, whilst the lower valve, by reason of its not being allowed to
descend with the measuring vessel, becomes open, and the water or other
fluid flows out therefrom. When the vessel is raised the lower valve becomes
closed and the upper one is opened, and the water or other fluid flows into
the measuring vessel. This form of apparatus is applicable for supplying a
regulated quantity of water to a watercloset, a wash basin, a urinal, or
otherwise where measured quantities of water are from time to time required,
and is also applicable for the measurement and supply of regulated or
measured quantities of other liquids, and if desired recording apparatus may
be employed so as to record or register the quantity of fluid measured by
such apparatus.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FORMING INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, OR SUCH LIKE BALLS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August 1865.
I, ALFRED FORD, of No. 10, Arthur Street, West, E.C London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
FORMING INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, OR SUCH LIKE BALLS," to be as follows -
I take india-rubber, gutta percha, or any such like substance, either alone
or in combination with some earthy, mineral, vegetable, or fibrous substance,
and having formed it into dough in the manner employed by india-rubber
manufacturers I form the same into rolls varying in diameter according to
the size of ball I wish to produce I then take such rolls and subject
them to the action of a machine similar in construction only varying in size
and strength to the pill machines at present employed by chemists for rolling
out then masses into pills. Pill machines are of two kinds, sliding and
otary. The sliding or band machine consists of two plates of metal so grooved
that when they are placed one above the other a perfectly spherical tube is
the result;
these plates have wooden backs or beds, and one of them is supplied
with handles so as to enable the operator to roll out the mass with the wooden
back into the required length, and having done so and placed the same between
the two grooved metallic surfaces to give to them the necessary motion to
divide and roll out the pills which correspond in number to the flutes on the
machine. The rotary machine consists of two rollers, fluted or grooved like,
the plates of the sliding machine, the one moving faster than the other

page_text: so as to secure a friction action. These rollers are set in motion by means of
a treddell or other convenient gear, and the mass having been rolled out as
before is placed within the gripe of the rollers, which being set in motion gives
the required round form to the pill; by enlarging the size of the grooves in
these machines and generally strenthening them, I make them applicable to
the production of india-rubber or such like balls.
The novelty of this Invention consists in the application of what are known
as pill machines adapted as above described to the production of india-rubber
or other like balls.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENDLESS CLOTHS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Heywood Whitehead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th November 1865.
I, JAMES HEYWOOD WHITEHEAD, of the Royal George Mills, in the
Parish of Saddleworth, in the West Riding of the County of York, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ENDLESS CLOTHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
endless cloths suitable for use in paper-making machinery, and for other
purposes. The endless cloths of paper-making machinery are now com-
monly made of woollen fabric woven in such a manner that the warp is
entirely buried, and the joint is made by bringing together two ends of a
piece from which the warp threads are left projecting a short distance, and
the warp threads so projecting are drawn with a needle into the opposite
ends of the fabric, that is to say, each warp thread is drawn into the end
of the fabric opposite to that to which it is attached, and it becomes secured
by the subsequent process of milling or felting. It has been attempted to
employ endless cloths of cotton or linen, in which the joint is made simply
by connecting the ends by a seam; such cloths, however, are defective, as
the seam is always much less pliable than the other parts of the cloth.
According to my Invention I employ cloths of cotton, linen, or vegetable

page_text: fibre woven in such manner that the warp is buried, the weft being as
much as possible kept in the surface of the fabric, and I make the joints
for rendering each cloth endless by bringing together its ends from which
the warp threads project, the weft threads having been removed for a short
distance. I draw the said warp threads into the opposite ends of the fabric
by means of a needle or otherwise, as already described in respect to the
woollen cloths; and as cloths of vegetable fibre cannot be felted, this process
is omitted, and the warps are secured by turning them back and drawing
the ends again into the fabric in a direction towards the joint.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Pilkington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May 1865:
I, PETER PILKINGTON, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Mill-
wright and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in making the anvil block of steam hammers
moveable by rack and pinion or other suitable means, and in applying two or
more swage blocks to the anvil block. By this arrangement each swage block
can be brought under the hammer head.
The second part of my Invention, which is applicable to steam hammers
and other steam engines engines, consists in an improved arrangement of
levers and eccentric to work the slide valve for admitting steam to the
cylinder both above and below the piston. The valve spindle is jointed to a
beam which vibrates on a moveable fulcrum, the position of which is governed
by an eccentric; the beam above referred to is worked by a lever actuated by
the piston rod or other convenient part of the engine. On this lever is a
sliding block, the position of which is varied by hand; by this arrangement
the length of the stroke of the piston rod can be varied, and the level through
which the piston rod moves can also be varied.
A SELF-ADJUSTING LEVER POWDER AND SHOT CHARGER FOR FIRE- ARMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bartram at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1865.
I, WILLIAM BARTRAM, of No. 105, Eldon Street, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Powder Flask Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A SELF-ADJUSTING LEVER POWDER AND SHOT CHARGER FOR FIRE-
ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved self-adjusting powder and shot
charger for fire-arms, and consists of a cylindrical tube, at the lower part of
which is a rim, below which an exterior male screw is cut, for the purpose of
fixing the cylinder to the neck of the flask. A cutter or stopper slides under
the rim by means of a lever actuated by the finger, such lever being fixed to
the cylinder by a fulcrum projecting therefrom. The upper part of the lever
is grooved or slotted to receive a screw fixed to an upper cutter or stopper,
which draws along at pleasure to suit the measure required for the charge,
the sliding motion being regulated (according to the charge required) by
means of a flat spring at the back of the lever. A sliding outer tube encloses
the cylinder. This tube has a vertical groove cut in the lower part to admit
of its moving past the projecting fulcrum on the cylinder; and a horizontal
groove is cut at the upper part to permit of the passage of the upper stopper.

page_text: There is also a small vertical slot below, in which a thumbscrew works,
to secure the regulator to any point in the groove. The charger is thus
accurately regulated to measure drams and grains by an index cut on the
cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING CORN, SEEDS, MINERALS, OR ANY OTHER SUBSTANCE GROUND ON THE FLAT SURFACE OF A STONE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hurt and Henry Tonge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
6th May 1865.
We, JOHN HURT and HENRY TONGE, of Sowerby Bridge, near Halifax, in
the County of York, Corn Millers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING CORN, SEEDS,
MINERALS, OR ANY OTHER SUBSTANCE GROUND ON THE FLAT SURFACE OF A STONE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of removing or taking away the ground
corn or other substance from the stones. Heretofore one or two spouts or
openings have been provided or formed at the edge of the bed stone for the
ground corn or other substance to pass away through, the said corn being
driven or carried to the said opening or openings by the action or rotation of
the running stone.
Our improvements consist in providing or forming a universal or continuous
opening around the whole circumference of the bed stone, so that the ground
corn or other substance is continually passing from the stones at every part
of their circumference, and is conducted from thence by suitable spouting
placed underneath.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Byford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1865.
I, JOSEPH BYFORD, of Long Melford, in the County of Suffolk; Farmer;
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Reaping and mowing machines may be either constructed to work solely
with the parts arranged according to my Invention, or they may be inter-
changeable with parts to be substituted operating somewhat differently; for
instance, according to my improvements, the entire crop is laid in a swarthe,
but the parts according to my Invention may be removed from the machine
and others substituted, which will have the effect of delivering the cut crop in
sheaves or bundles (collected quantities). The operation of cutting is per-
formed in the ordinary manner of reaping machines. I dispose a horizontal
board or platform, which extends to about one-third the breadth of the
machine (length of the cut) behind the cutting knife and frame on the side
next the standing crop. This platform is at about the level of the knife, and
in form a right angled triangle; the one side of the right angle abuts on the
knife frame, the other extends backwards from said frame near the mid-
breadth thereof; while the third side or hypothenuse terminates in a raised
plate or board standing up a considerable height in a vertical or nearly
vertical position, by preference inclined a little backwards. From this plate
I extend an arm or arms, which occupy a position' somewhat in the direction

page_text: of the breadth of the machine. I prefer to use two or three. From their
supporting plate these arms incline in the backward direction, and are
disposed one behind the other, the upper one being a little in advance of the
one below it. These arms are fitted so as to be adjusted more or less forward
or inclined in position as may be required.
The effect of these parts is to greatly facilitate the delivery of the cut crop
in a swathe, as when cut that part next the standing crop is carried laterally
a considerable distance, say a third of the breadth of the machine by the
platform and the raised inclined plate before mentioned, and is toppled over
by the arms, delivered, and laid in a swathe on the ground. A raker may
sit on the machine and assist its operation by means of a rake.
If it is desired to deliver the crop in sheaves the parts last herein described
may be removed, and others substituted to perform that operation, as well
understood, and the machine may be used with side delivery (in swathe)
for mowing by adapting the parts above described to the crop to be cut.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF PERFUMES, DISINFECTING OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dunbar and James William
Butler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th September 1865.
We, JAMES DUNBAR, of 4, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and JAMES WILLIAM
BUTLER, of Dunmow, Essex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF
PERFUMES, DISINFECTING OR OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our Invention has for its object an "Improved Apparatus for the Dis-
tribution of Perfumes, Disinfecting or other Fluids, and consists of two tubes
placed so as to be at right angles with one another, while their ends nearly
meet. The vertical tube is immersed in the liquid required to be dispersed,
while a current of air is forced through the horizontal tube by means of a fan
actuated by suitable gear, and driven by hand, foot, steam, water, or any
other suitable power. This said current of air passing across the top of the
vertical tube which is immersed in the liquid gradually blows the air out of
said vertical tube, thus forming a vacuum, and the liquid rising to the
top of the tube to fill said vacuum is blown away into the atmosphere by the
before-mentioned current of air. This said current of air may likewise be
obtained by a common bellows, or by the compression of an elastic ball or
bulb attached to the horizontal tube.
By another arrangement the two tubes are placed in the same position as
above described, while the end of the horizontal tube in which the current of

page_text: air is introduced is turned round, so as to point in the direction in which the
liquid is dispersed. To this end an elastic tube is attached, having at its
opposite extremity a mouth-piece, through which the person dispersing the
liquid blows.
This Invention has reference only to the apparatus for creating the said
current of air, and to the turning of the horizontal tube, and. not to the
principle contained in the relative position of the two tubes which is already
in use.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN AIR-TIGHT JARS FOR PRESERVING EGGS AND FRUITS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF FOOD
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kennedy Geyelin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1865.
I, GEORGE KENNEDY GEYELIN, Civil Engineer, of South Hackney, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN AIR-TIGHT JARS FOR PRESERVING EGGS AND FRUITS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
OF FOOD," to be as follows:-
The jars and covers are so constructed that they will show at any time
whether they are really air-tight, and how long they remain so. To obtain
this result I employ for the outside covering of the jar a cap made of some elastic
material, such as india-rubber, with a strong ring of the same material, which
fits in a groove after the air of the jar is rarified either by placing it in hot
water or by packing the material. When hot the cap is fixed on the jar,
which will be found depressed on the jar cooling, and remain so as long as
the jar keeps perfectly air-tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INGOT MOULDS AND IN CASTING METALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton at the Office- of**
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July-
1865.
I, JOHN CLAYTON, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Furnace-
Builder and Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INGOT MOULDS AND IN CASTING METALS," to be as
follows:-
Ingot moulds as ordinarily constructed consist of a plate or bed in which a
series of recesses or depressions constituting the moulds is- made, the said
moulds being filled one at a time with the melted metal, the said melted
metal being poured into the moulds at the tops thereof.. The ingots cast in
this way are found to be defective by being porous or honeycombed.
My Invention consists in constructing ingot moulds in the manner herein--
after described, whereby great facility in filling the series of moulds is effected,.
and great solidity and uniformity result in the ingots cast in the said moulds.
The series of radial recesses or depressions in the bed or plate in which the
melted metal is cast is made in the ordinary way. In the middle of the bed.
or plate I make a cucular or other shaped opening large enough to receive-
with ease a large body of melted metal. At the bottom of each of the
moulds an opening is made, which openings communicate by radial passages
with the central opening in the mould bed or plate. I prefer to make the
bottom of the mould containing the said radial passages of fire-brick or sand..
In casting the ingots the melted metal is poured into the central opening
described, from whence it runs down the radial passages to the bottom of the

page_text: moulds, rising in the said moulds from the bottoms thereof; the air being
expelled by the rising metal. The whole of the series of moulds is thus filled.
rapidly and simultaneously, and the metal cast therein is very solid and.
uniform in texture
In casting metals according to my Invention, I convey the melted metal
from the furnace or vessel in which it is melted or prepared for casting to the
ingot or other moulds by means of a moveable trough or channel instead of
transferring it from the furnace or vessel to the mould by means of a ladle as.
is commonly practised. By this method of casting the cooling of the metal.
is prevented during its conveyance to the mould, and in case of iron and steel
the waste prevented, which frequently occurs by the solidification of the
metal in the ladle, or by the stoppage of the nozzle or stopper of the ladle, or
by-the-melting-of the nozzle or stopper, and the consequent spilling of the
metal.