IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
"> to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to dynamo electric machines or generators, and has for its
chief object to provide a machine which will produce a more steady and uniform
current than can be obtained from generators of usual construction.
It is well known that electric generators, especially when used for incandescent
lighting, require an exceedingly steady motor, in order to produce a steady and
uniform current and light, as the least variation or irregularity in the movement of
the motor produces an unpleasant variation or flickering of the light. The
attempts hitherto made to avoid this difficulty have been confined rather to improve-
ments in the construction of the motor than to an attempt to obviate the difficulty
by an improvement or change in the construction of the generator.
This invention is based upon the discovery that a generator can be made in
which the current does not respond immediately to slight changes in the speed of
rotation of the armature, so that the armature may be operated by a motor or
engine of ordinary construction having no greater uniformity or accuracy of
movement than the motors commonly used for manufacturing purposes, and will
yet produce a sufficiently steady current for incandescent electric lighting.
The said invention consists essentially in the novel construction of the poles and
cores of the field magnets, which, instead of being made of single castings as
heretofore generally practised, or of a series of plates or wires or rods fastened
together in close proximity to one another so as to produce practically a continuous
solid mass of metal, are made of a series of plates, or sections fastened together by
bolts or other devices, with an open air space between each pair of the said plates
which are also insulated from one another around the bolts or fastenings. The
series of plates when thus fastened together is of the general shape, externally, of
the usual field magnets, and the coils may be wound upon them in the usual
manner.

page_text: The armature is preferably of the novel construction hereinafter described and
consists of a thin shell or cylinder upon which are placed a number of rings with
spaces between them, the wire being then wound upon the said cylinder and rings
in any usual manner, the Gramme method for instance, but instead of having the
wire occupy the entire external surface of the cylinder and rings, it is separated
into a number of substantially radial sections the space between which is filled
with perforated strips of wood or other suitable material.
The field magnet A is composed of a series of separate plates which may be of
cast iron each forming a complete horse shoe composed of a single integral piece
including the poles that are to receive the revolving armature between them, the
cores upon which the coils are wound, and the back strap connecting the said cores,
which back-strap may also if desired, have coils wound upon it.
It is not essential that the cores and connecting portion or back strap should be
straight as they may be made in a continuous curve or other shape if desired.
The said plates are fastened together side by side, but separated by an air space by
means of bolts which pass through openings or bolt holes in the said plates. The
bolts are of smaller diameter than the openings and are provided with bushings or
coverings of insulating material to prevent magnetic continuty between the
separate plates, which are rigidly held at the proper distance apart by washers
placed upon the bolts between the plates, so that when the nuts are screwed up
tightly on the bolts the entire series of plates forms a magnet core of substantially
the same shape externally as those commonly employed; but instead of being a
continuous or solid mass of metal the said core is broken up into a large number
of separate masses.
The field magnet coils are wound upon the cores in the usual manner, and if
desired, the coils may also be wound upon the connecting or back strap portion,
the core pieces being preferably provided with projections or shoulders to retain
the coils in proper position thereon. The endmost plates are preferably made
thicker than the other plates and provided with flanges or lugs by which they and
the connected intermediate plates constituting the field magnet, may be fastened
upon a suitable base which may be of wood or other non-magnetic material. The
endmost plates are also provided with, or have attached to them, bearing pedestals
for the armature shaft which passes through and is concentric with the curved
inner faces of the pole pieces which embrace the armature in the usual manner, the
Baid faces being preferably bored or finished by a suitable tool supported in the
bearings for the armature shaft, which bearings are themselves attached to the
magnet and properly finished before the faces of the pole pieces are thus bored.
The armature is composed of a thin shell or cylinder of iron, upon which are
placed a number of rings separated from one another by an intervening air space.
The wire is then wound lengthwise of the said rings and cylinder, in and out, in
the usual manner, except that instead of having the mass of wire occupy the entire
inner and outer surfaces of the cylinder and rings, it is wound in a series of
bobbins separated from one another by bars at the inside and outside of the
cylinder, these separating bars being wedge shaped in cross section so that their
faces or sides are substantially radial to the axis of the armature leaving suitable
spaces between them for the bobbins or convolutions of wire. The outer portions
of the separating bars which rest upon the peripheries of the rings of the armature
are provided with longitudinal slots or openings which afford communication
between the surface of the cylinder and rings and the outer air, thus enabling the
heat to pass off readily and preventing the burning of the insulation of the wires.
The different bobbins on the armature although thus mechanically separated
from one another form a single continuous conductor connected at each bobbin by
wire with a ring and plate of the commutator or current collector from which the
current is taken to the external circuit by contact springs or brushes in the usual
manner.
The armature is secured to the armature shaft in any suitable manner. For
instance the said shaft may be provided with a flange or collar fixed upon it which

page_text: is in contact with one end of the armature, and a co-operating flange or collar
having lengthwise movement on the shaft is adapted to be forced up against the
other end of the armature by a nut or otherwise, thus securely clamping the
armature upon the shaft.
Without attempting to explain the cause, it may be stated that a machine of
this kind is found in actual practice to produce a current which responds less
rapidly to slight variations in speed of movement of the armature than the
generators heretofore used in which the field magnet is composed of practically a
single mass of iron, and a machine of this class can be operated by a motor having
no special appliances for ensuring uniformity of speed, without producing such
variations in current as to cause an appreciable variation or unsteadiness in the
light produced by incandescent lamps supplied with a current from the said
generator.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Dynamo-electric machines.
»
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to dynamo electric machines or generators and has for its
chief object to provide a machine which will produce a more steady and uniform
current than can be obtained from generators of usual construction.
It is well known that electric generators, especially when used for incandescent
lighting, require an exceedingly steady motor, in order to produce a steady and
uniform current and light, as the least variation or irregularity in the movement of
the motor produces an unpleasant variation or flickering of the light. The
attempts hitherto made to avoid this difficulty have been confined rather to
improvements in the construction of the motor than to an attempt to obviate the
difficulty by an improvement or change in the construction of the generator.
This invention is based upon the discovery that a generator can be made in
which the current does not respond immediately to slight changes in the speed of
rotation of the armature, so that the armature may be operated by a motor or
engine of ordinary construction having no greater uniformity or accuracy of move-
ment than the motors commonly used for manufacturing purposes, and will yet
produce a sufficiently steady current for incandescent electric lighting.
The said invention consists essentially in the novel construction of the poles and
cores of the field magnets, which, instead of being made of single castings as
heretofore generally practised, or of a series of plates or wires or rods fastened
together in close proximity to one another so as to produce practically a continuous
solid mass of metal, are made of a series of plates or sections fastened together by
bolts or other devices, with an open air space between each pair of the said plates
which are also insulated from one another around the bolts or fastenings. The
series of plates when thus fastened together is of the general shape, externally, of
the usual field magnets, and the coils may be wound upon them in the usual
manner.
66
The armature is preferably of the novel construction hereinafter described and
consists of a thin shell or cylinder upon which are placed a number of rings with
spaces between them, the wire being then wound upon the said cylinder and rings
in any usual manner according to the Gramme" method, for instance; but
instead of having the wire occupy the entire external surface of the cylinder and
rings, it is separated into a number of substantially radial sections, the space
between which is filled with perforated strips of wood or other suitable material.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is an end elevation of a dynamo electric generator constructed according
to this Invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof.
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...……

page_text: Figure 4 is a side elevation of face view of one of the plates OF
magnet is composed.
Figure 5 is an end elevation of the armature.
Figure 6 is a side elevation thereof.
Figure 7 is a transverse section thereof and
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Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of the armature showing the means for
attaching it to the shaft.
The field magnet A is composed of a series of separate plates which may be of
cast iron and of the shape.shewn in Figure 4, each forming a complete horse-shoe
composed of a single integral piece including the poles a that are to receive the
revolving armature between then, the cores at upon which the coils C, C³, are
wound and the back strap a³ connecting the said cores a*, which back strap a³ may
also, if desired, have coils C C³ wound upon it.
It is not essential that the cores a* and connecting portion or back strap a³
should be straight, as shewn, as they may be made in a continuous curve or other
shape if desired. The said plates are fastened together side by side but separated
by an air space a7 as shewn in Figures 2 and 3, by means of bolts b¹ which pass
through openings or bolt holes as a in the said plates The bolts 6' are of smaller
diameter than the openings a³ a and are provided with bushings or coverings 63 (see
Figure 1) of insulating material to prevent magnetic continuity between the
separate plates which are rigidly held at the proper distance apart by washers b
placed upon the bolts 61 between the plates, so that when the nuts 62 are screwed
up tightly on the bolts, the entire series of plates forms a magnet core of sub-
stantially the same shape externally as those commonly employed, but instead of
being a continuous or solid mass of metal the said core is broken up into a large
number of separate masses.
The field magnet coils C C¹ are wound upon the cores a' in the usual manner,
and, if desired, coils C2 C³ may also be wound upon the connecting or back strap
portion a³ as shown in Figure 1, the core pieces being preferably provided with
projections or shoulders 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, to retain the coils in proper position thereon.
The endmost plates are preferably made thicker than the other plates and
provided with flanges or lugs A¹ by which they, and the connected intermediate
plates constituting the field magnet, may be fastened upon a suitable base A² which
may be of wood or other non-magnetic material. The endmost plates are also
provided with, or have attached to them, bearing pedestals D for the armature
shaft B¹ This shaft passes through, and is concentric with, the curved inner faces
of the pole pieces a which embrace the armature in the usual manner, the said faces
being preferably bored or finished by a suitable tool supported in the bearings for
the armature shaft, which bearings are themselves attached to the magnet and
properly finished before the faces of the pole pieces are thus bored.
The armature B which is shown in this instance as of the "Gramme" type, is
composed of a thin shell or cylinder G of iron upon which are placed a number of
rings H separated from one another by intervening air spaces. The wire K is
wound lengthwise of the said rings H and cylinder G in and out in the usual
manner, except that instead of having the mass of wire occupy the entire inner and
outer surfaces of the cylinder and rings it is wound in a series of bobbins separated
from one another by bars L at the inside and outside of the cylinder, these
separating bars L being wedge-shaped in cross section as shown in Figure 5, so
that their faces or sides are substantially radial to the axis of the armature, leaving
suitable spaces between them for the bobbins or convolutions K of wire. The
outer portions of the separating bars L which rest upon the peripheries of the
rings of the armature are provided with longitudinal slots 12 or openings which
afford communication between the surface of the cylinder and rings and the outer
air, thus enabling the heat to pass off readily, and preventing the burning of the
insulating material of the wires.
The different bobbins K on the armature, although thus mechanically separated
from one another, form a single continuous conductor connected at each bobbin by

page_text: wire with a ring N and plates of the commutator or current collector F, from
which the current is taken to the external circuit by contact springs or brushes in
the usual manner.
The armature B is secured to the armature shaft B₁ in any suitable manner.
As shown, the said shaft is provided with a flange or collar M fixed upon it, which
flange is in contact with one end of the armature; and a cooperating flange or
collar M having lengthwise movement on the shaft, is adapted to be forced up
against the other end of the armature by a nut m, or otherwise, thus securely
clamping the armature upon the shaft.
Without attempting to explain the cause, it may be stated that a machine of
this kind is found in actual practice to produce a current which responds less
rapidly to slight variations in speed of movement of the armature than the
generators heretofore used in which the field-magnet is composed of practically a
single mass of iron, and a machine of this class can be operated by a motor having
no special appliances for insuring uniformity of speed, without producing such
variations in current as to cause an appreciable variation or unsteadiness in the
light produced by incandescent lamps supplied with a current from the said
generator.
Having now. particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is
First. A dynamo-electric machine having the poles and cores of the field magnets
formed from a number of integral plates or sections, secured together with bolts or
washers of nonconducting material arranged so as to insulate each plate from those
adjacent to it and leave air spaces between them, substantially as, and for the
purposes, described.
Second. An armature-for a dynamo-electric machine composed of a cylinder G.
having peripheral rings H, H arranged thereon, with spaces between said rings,
and bobbins K, K wound longitudinally across said rings and cylinder, and
separated at the periphery; in combination with a shaft and means for holding
said armature thereon, substantially as, and for the purpose, specified.
Third. An armature for a dynamo electric machine composed of a cylinder G
having peripheral rings H, H arranged thereon with spaces between said rings,
bobbins K, K, and separating bars having slots 12, in combination with a shaft
and means for holding said armature thereon, substantially as, and for the purpose,
specified.
1007
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.