Improvements in Refining Engines for Beating and Brushing Paper Pulp.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 30th May, 1899-Accepted, 1st July, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Refining Engines for Beating and Brushing Paper
Pulp.
I, SOLOMON REED WAGG, of Appleton, in the County of Outagamie and State
of Wisconsin, United States of America, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to he performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to refining engines of the Jordon type for beating and
brushing paper pulp.
"
One object of my invention is to subject the pulp to the usual grinding or
beating action of the knives as in this form of engine, and before leaving the
cylinder to subject it to a somewhat gentler or "brushing action of the knives.
I also provide an improved form of blade or bar for use in engines of this kind.
Referring to the drawings:
Figure is a longitudinal section through the cone-cylinders; Figure 2 is a
transverse section; Figure 3 is a side elevation of one of my improved blades or
bars for the outer stationary cylinder, this having the usual zig-zag shape.
Figure 4 is a cross section of the same, drawn to an enlarged scale to show
the wood-strip filling: Fig. 4 is a cross section of a bar having two grooves,
providing three cutting surfaces; Figure 5 is a side elevation and Figure 6 a
cross section of my improved blade as it would be applied to a straight cylinder
or Holland engine; and Figure 7 is a side elevation of one end part of my
improved blade for the inner revolving cylinder.
I indicates the outer and 2 the inner cone-shaped cylinder of a refining engine.
The outer cylinder has an inlet 3, at its smaller end, and an outlet, 4, at its larger
end. The inner cylinder 2 is suitably journaled in the ends of the outer cylinder 1
on a shaft, 5, which is driven by a suitable motor. From a point, r, to the end
the inclination of the walls of the cylinders is lessened or in other words, they are
more nearly parallel to the axis. The point is at a greater or less distance
from the larger ends of the cylinders, according to the length of cylinders em-
ployed, and the inclination may be greater or less as determined by experience.
I find the following dimensions suitable: The inner cylinder 2 is 5 feet long,
its smaller end being 1 foot in diameter.
From the smaller end, the wall of the cylinder is inclined at 10° for 4 feet
and then to the large end, a distance of 1 foot, the inclination is about 6°.
The outer cylinder is larger, but its sides are parallel to those of the inner
eylinder. a indicates the part of reduced inclination of the outer cylinder and b
that of the inner cylinder.
The outer cylinder 1 has on its inner surface a set of blades or bars, 6, which
may be either straight, as shown in Fig. 1, or zig-zag, as shown in Fig. 3, and
which extend along it at intervals around its inner circumference. These bars
may be made in two or more parts, if desired, for convenience in handling. The
inner cylinder has on its outer surface a like set of blades or bars 7. These
blades are secured in the well known manner to the cylinders, with filling

page_text: pieces 8, of wood between them. The inclination of the blades is reduced as
shown at c and d and the blades may be formed in two parts and joined together
I prefer however, when the blades are straight, to make each of a single
at x.
piece.
The usual means employed on engines of this description are used for adjusting
the inner cylinder lengthwise to bring the two sets of blades into proper relation
with each other.
Usually, the inner cone-cylinder revolves about 300 times per minute, and the
pulp entering at 3 is engaged by the rotating blades and is beaten and drawn out
between the two sets of blades. Thus the fibres are drawn down to the proper
length for forming paper, and are discharged at 4.
If the cylinders are of uniform inclination the beating is uniform throughout.
For making paper of the best kinds as for bank-notes, the pulp is first beaten,
not brushed, until it is almost short enough to make paper; then the cylinder
roll is adjusted to "brush," that is, so the blades rub or strike lightly and easily.
This is called in the art "brushing," and thus a better finished pulp is produced.
Now my improved refining engine, gives the usual beating effect up to the
point, where the angle changes and the brushing effect by reason of the change
in the inclination of the blades.
The blades or bars set at an angle of 10° grind harder, or at a greater pressure,
than those at an angle of 6°. Thus in my engine the pulp when it enters is
subjected to a cutting pressure of about fifteen pounds, and until it reaches
when this pressure is reduced to about eight pounds, so that, by such approximate
variation in the inclination of the beating surfaces, I obtain, as a result a com-
bined beating and brushing effect in the same engine.
The form or number of angles in the blade may be varied that is to say the
angle may be more or less acute, and there may be one or more variations of
inclination without departing from the spirit of my invention.
A result like that obtained by my improved engine has been attained by using
two Jordan engines, and by passing the pulp through the first at a beating
pressure and through the second at a brushing pressure. My one engine attains
the same result, and at very much less cost.
In Figures 4, 4, and 6 I have shown cross-sections of my improved construction
of blade or bar. The blades usually employed are about one-eighth of an inch
thick. In my improved blade, the thickness is slightly increased and is grooved
at two or more points e to form two or more integral blades f. I prefer the
single-grooved blade, Fig. 4. This form of blade may be used all round both
cylinders or it may be used in connection with the common form of blade. In
Fig. 2, I have shown both forms in use. By employing this form of blade I get
more beating edges within a given space, and the work of a cylinder in each
revolution is nearly doubled. This blade can be used on a Hollard engine
employing cylindrical-rolls, as well as for conical rolls. By preference the
bottom of the groove e is rounded, as shown in Figs. 4 and 4, as this tends to
strengthen the blades f, but it may be square as shown in Fig. 6. In order to
prevent these grooves from becoming filled with pulp, they are filled nearly up
with a number of thin strips of wood glued together and driven into the grooves
filling them to within about inch of their mouths, the depth being left clear
to provide cutting edges. In Figs. 4 and 4*, g indicates the successive layers of
wood. The space left unfilled in operation clears itself, and preserves a working
edge of full efficiency. As the blade wears down, a strip of the filling is pulled
out, and this is continued till the blades are worn out.
It is well-known that fast and hard beating deprives pulp of much of its strength
as compared with pulp beaten more slowly and carefully. To obviate hard
beating to a certain extent I provide, at more or less frequent intervals a bronze
or brass bar which, being softer than the steel bars wears away more
rapidly, and is, as a result inclined to be slightly shorter. Thus when the steel
blades are working hard," the bronze bars work easy, affording as it were, a

page_text: brush, with the result that the pulp is stronger and tougher and folds better. I
may make each alternate blade of soft metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A refining engine of Jordon type comprising two concentric tapering
cylinders fitted with blades, the inclination of the cylinder walls and blades to
the axis being less for some length at the outlet end than at the inlet end,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In a pulp refining engine, in combination with the usual hard metal blades,
blades of softer metal such as bronze at more or less frequent intervals, substan-
tially as described.
3. The construction of a blade with a longitudinal groove or several of them so
as to present two or more cutting edges, substantially as described.
D
201 1
1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.