IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE- STICKS OR HOLDERS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Manning, of Devizes, in the County
of Wiltshire, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE-
STICKS OR HOLDERS."
Sealed the 21st December 1858, and dated the 11th September 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Manning
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th September 1858.
I, WILLIAM HENRY MANNING, of Devizes, in the County of Wiltshire,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CANDLESTICKS OR HOLDERS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to candlesticks or holders in which candles are used
of smaller circumference than that of the bore of the socket, and where,
consequently, some means are required to secure the ends of such candles
therein when so used. And the improvements consist in having a moveable
binding plate, suitably curved and shaped, placed within and at one side of the
socket, and there secured to the inner end of a regulating screw, which passes.
through to the outside of the candlestick or holder, and there terminates in a
button head. This screw is made of any required length or size, and works
in a nut or collar correspondingly tapped to receive it, and which is secured
to the outside of the candlestick or holder. Thus it will be seen that by
turning the screw on, the binding plate will force the portion of the candle in

page_text: the socket to the opposite side thereof, whereby the candle is held firmly
secured. A suitable slot is cut in the bed of the socket, so that it can be
raised without meeting any impediment from the binding plate in any of its
positions. If required, another such apparatus can be fitted to the opposite
side of the socket, so that by the combined action of the two the candle is
secured in the centre of the socket instead of at the side, as in the case when
one only is used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Henry Manning in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY MANNING, of Devizes, in the County of Wiltshire, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Henry Manning, Her special licence that I, the said William
Henry Manning, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Henry Manuing, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS OR HOLDERS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Henry Manning, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Henry Manning, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to candlesticks or holders 'in which candles are used

page_text: of smaller circumference than that of the bore of the socket of the candlestick
or holder, and where, consequently, some means are required to secure the
ends of such candles therein when so used. And the improvements consist in
having a movable binding plate, suitably curved and shaped, placed within
and at one side of the socket, and so arranged that it can be made to press
the end of the candle against the opposite side of the socket of the candlestick
or holder, and so to hold it secure. One mode of doing this is by having the
said movable binding plate loosely attached to the inner end of a regulating
screw, which passes through to the outside of the barrel of the candlestick or
holder, and there terminates in a button head. This screw is made of any
required length and size, and works in a nut or collar fixed to the outside of
the barrel of the candlestick or holder, and correspondingly tapped to receive
it. Thus it will be seen that by turning this screw on, the binding plate will
force the portion of the candle within the socket to the opposite side thereof,
whereby the candle is held firmly secured. A suitable slot is cut in the
sliding bed of the socket, so that it can be raised without meeting any
impediment from the binding plate, as aforesaid, in any of its positions. If
desired, another such apparatus can be fitted to the opposite side of the socket,
as shown in Fig. 2, so that by the combined action of the two binding plates,
the candle is secured in the middle of the socket instead. of at the side, as in
the case where one binding plate only is used.
Another modification of my Invention is by converting the said binding
plate into a long "flat spring," suitably shaped to answer the purpose intended,
and secured at one end to the inner and lower part of the barrel of the
candlestick or holder, by means of a screw or otherwise; the screw is shown
in Fig. 3, whereby the upper or playing end of the spring, which is suitably
curved to receive the end of the candle on one side, and to correspond with
the form of the socket on the other, is made to press on the end of the candlo
within the socket and force it to the opposite side thereof, where, by means of
the self-acting power of the spring, the.candle is held secure.
To the upper
or playing end of the spring.binding plate is attached one end of a pin, which
passes through the barrel of the candlestick or holder to the outside, where it
terminates in a button head. The purpose of this pin is, as is evident, to
draw back the spring binding plate to admit the end of the candle within the
socket. A slot of course is cut into the sliding bed of the socket to admit the
spring binding plate, and to allow of free up-and-down motion to the
sliding bed.
Another variety of my Invention is by having spring, variously con-
structed, placed on the outside of the barrel of the candlestick instead of

page_text: within, as before described, and which acts upon the binding plate by means
of a connecting pin passing through the side of the barrel of the candlestick
or holder thereto, two forms of which are represented in Figs. 4 and 5, where
it will be seen that no slot in the sliding bed of the socket is required.
:
But in order that this my Invention may be fully understood, and readily
carried into effect, I will now proceed to describe it by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings, the same letters having reference, to similar parts in
the different Figures.
Fig. 1 represents an elevation of a candlestick fitted with a binding plate,
worked by means of a regulating screw, with a portion of the barrel of the
candlestick broken away to show the action of the binding plate upon the end
of the candle within the socket, as before described. a is the binding plate
pressing the candle 6 to the opposite side of the socket, and there securing it;
c is the regulating screw working in the nut or collar d.
Fig. 2 shows the elevation of a candlestick with the barrel fitted with a
double apparatus, that is to say, one similar to that shown in Fig. 1, on either
side of the socket, whereby the candle b is secured in the middle of the socket
between the two binding plates a, a. The binding plates and candle within
the socket are shown by dotted lines.
Fig. 3 is also an elevation of a candlestick, with its barrel fitted with a
spring binding plate, as before described, with a portion of the barrel broken
away to show the same, and its mode of action. a is the binding spring
plate, secured to the lower and inner end of the barrel by means of the
screw e.
Figs. 4 and 5 show the elevations of two barrels of candlesticks with the
springs placed on the outside thereof, and working therefrom, the binding
plates and connecting pins within the sockets being indicated by dotted lines.
The spring attached to the barrel in Fig. 5, it will be observed, is similar to
what is used for closing the keys of a flute.
Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are plans of Figs. 1, 3, and 4. The plans of 2 and 5 are
not given, as they resemble those shown in Figs. 6 and 8, and can be readily
understood by reference to those Figures. In the plans given are represented
the binding plate a, the regulating screw c, and the connecting pin c².
Fig. 9 shows. a plan of the sliding bed of the socket, with the slot cut in it
for the purposes before described.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying it into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself
to the present details herein set forth, as the same may be varied without
departing from the nature of my Invention; but what I do claim as new and

page_text: of my said Invention is, the general construction and employment of the
various mechanical parts of the apparatus in connection with a binding plate
for securing the ends of candles in candlesticks, where the circumference of
the candle is smaller than that of the socket of the candlestick used, in the
manner herein-before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Manning, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
10 Witness,
ALEX MANNING, Clerk.
(L.S.) WILLIAM HENRY MANNING.