IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Victor Leon Daguzan, 2, Rue Sainte Appoline.
Paris (Empire of France), Painter, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PAVING."
Sealed the 26th June 1868, and dated the 31st December 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Victor Leon Daguzan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st December 1867.
I, VICTOR LEON DAGUZAN. 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris (Empire of
France), Painter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PAVING," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the construction of a level road or causeway,
or horizontal across: it is formed of flags or slabs composed of a grating or
frame made of wrought or cast iron, in the apertures of which pavings of a
pyrimidal or other shape are fixed with bitumen. asphalt, or other mastic.
These pavings may be of wood cut endwise, freestone, granite, porphry,
quartz. slag, or of different materials mixed together affording a sufficiently
resisting and durable surface. These slabs forming the road or causeway on
which the traffic takes place may be laid parallel to the sides of the way: in
this case the joints must be broken, or the slabs may receive the traffic
[Price 8d.]

page_text: diagonally, but then it is necessary to make for it triangles to form lateral
joints the length of the footpaths, and for the ends of the lines. The slabs
have spaces left. between them for the passage of water and anything that
water will carry with it to escape into the drains or gulleys, which are made
of cast iron or other strong impermeable substance resting on concrete, and
the top of these drains receives the bottom of two contiguous slabs, where ribs
and even flutings form joints perfectly light to convey water and other materials
carried with it into large pipes, and thence to to the sewers. The slabs are
formed by joining the pavings of a pyrimidal shape by placing them on their
larger surfaces in the square divisions of a cast iron table or of wood with
projecting ribs, and kept laterally by a vertical frame. In the spaces bitumen.
mastic. or cement is poured to a height of an inch or a little more; then the
grating is placed befween the pavings, and strongly pressed to make it adhere
to the mastic. and to render it more intimate grooves may be formed in the
bars of the cast iron: these grooves may even go across to allow any excess
of bitumen to escape: this joint being finished the spaces are filled with
common mastic, and the rectangular shape of the slab completed. When the
mastic or other material is placed the framing is raised, and the slab is com-
pleted the surface then presents the upper faces of the pavings, as well as
the hollow joints moulded on the ribs of the plate. A table forming an
analogous mould completes the slab with broken joints. The gulleys may
also be made in cast iron or of strong sheet iron with lips which are between
the joints of the slabs with an enlarged vessel below to support the slabs. The
gulleys may also carry pavings the length of the lips to be united with the
sides of the slabs, and the gulleys may also have the sides forming receding
lips.
With this kind of paving when the sewer is placed in the middle of
the roadway or street occupying only a portion of its breadth, this sewer may
be in a rectangular gallery open at top, and an iron frame resting on the
lateral walls will support the slabs which form the platform. In the case
where the sewer occupies all the roadway the whole length is cleared away to
a more or less considerable height, and two vertical walls will form the lateral
sides of the subway, and these walls will receive the ends of the platform
formed similar to that of a bridge by iron beams, and carrying slabs as before
described for the traffic. This platform. horizontal in the direction of its
breadth, is arranged so as to insure the flowing of liquids into the sewer
forming a subway.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Victor Leon Daguzan in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th June 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. VICTOR
LEON DAGUZAN, 2. Rue Sainte Appoline. Paris (Empire of France). Painter.
send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, hearing date the Thirty-first day of December. in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign. did. for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me.
the said Victor Leon Daguzan. Her special licence that I, the said Victor
Leon Daguzan. my executors. administrators, and assigns. or such others as
T. the said Victor Leon Daguzan. my executors, administrators, and assigns.
should at any time agree with, and no others. from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PAVING." upon the condition (amongst
others) that 1. the said Victor Leon Daguzan, my executors or administrators.
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals.
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1. the said Victor Leon Daguzan, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed.
and to the letters and figures marked thereon. that is to say:-
My improvements consist in the construction of a level road or causeway
or horizontal across as hereafter described, it is formed of flags or slabs
composed of a grating or frame made of wrought or cast iron in the apertures
of which pavings of a pyrimidal or other shape are fixed with bitumen, asphalt,
or other mastic. These pavings may be of wood ent endwise, freestone, granite,
porphery, quartz, slag, or of different materials mixed together affording a
sufficiently resisting and durable surface. These slabs forming the road or
causeway on which the traffic takes place may be laid parallel to the sides

page_text: of the way in this case the joints must be broken, or the slabs may receive
the traffic diagonally, in which case it is necessary to make for it triangles
to form lateral joints the length of the footpaths and for the ends of the
lines.
Figure of the accompanying Drawings is a view in plan of one of these
slabs or flags; Figure 2 is a section taken through the line 1 and 2 of
Figure 1 Figure 3 is another section taken parallel to Figure 2, but in a
slab the grating of which is at the lower part. Figure 4 is a transverse
section of a slab where the cast-iron grating has a bed below the paving; and
Figure 4bis is a section of an analogous slab but with square paving. With
this slab, as well as with the others if required, a subway may be employed
laid in concrete, cement. and bitumen, with furrows or passages for draining
off water, detritus, and other matter into the receivers or sewers. To compose
the slabs of pyrimidal paving the pavings are united by placing them on their
larger surface in the square divisions of a cast-iron or wood table striated with
projecting ribs and kept laterally by a vertical frame. In the spaces between
the pavings a mastic of bitumen or cement is poured to about the height of an
inch or a little more, the cast-iron grating a, Figures 1, 2, and 3. is then placed,
which is strongly pressed to make it adhere to the mastic: and to render the
junction more intimate grooves as at a¹ may be formed and these grooves may
even traverse the cast iron in several parts as at b to allow any excess of
mastic to escape, this joint being finished the spaces are filled with mastic or
common concrete and the rectangular form of the slab is completed, when the
mastic or other material is set, the frame is raised, and the slab is finished, its
surface then presents the upper faces of the pavings as well as the hollow
joints moulded on the ribs of the plate; a table forming an analogous mould
makes the slabs with broken joints as is shown in plan at Figure 5.
When the slabs are placed so that the traffic and traction takes place in a
diagonal direction with the slabs and paving the slabs are laid in a triangular
direction as shown at Figure 6. With these arrangements a distance is
reserved between certain rows of the slabs and under these straight openings
gulleys are placed to carry off the water to the pipes leading to the sewer.
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10, show examples in vertical section of different
gulleys affording great facilities for their being cleaned by means of flushes of
water. In this kind of paving when the sewer is placed in the middle of the
roadway or street. occupying only a portion of its breadth, this sewer may be
in a rectangular gallery open at top, an iron frame resting on the side walls
will support the slabs which form the roadway as shown at Figure 11.

page_text: Figure 12 shows another vertical section of a causeway entirely occupied by
a lower gallery. This method of constructing entails the clearing away of all
the causeway or street to a more or less considerable height, of which the
elevation of the two vertical walls forms the lateral sides of the subway, these
walls receive the ends of the platform or roadway formed by the slabs intended
for traffic as for bridges. This platform horizontal in the direction of its
width is arranged so as to insure the flowing off of liquids.
Figure 13 is a plan of a roadway seen in transverse section at Figure 14,
the gulley of which is shown in vertical section at Figure 15. This system of
At
paving is composed of slabs placed by each other on a bed of concrete.
certain distances apart there are transverse gulleys d whereby the water runs
off, and for carrying into the sewer such refuse as it may carry along with it
these gullies or drains are placed at an angle of 45° so as to take advantage
of the inclination of the axis of the roadway or at 90° in the roadways at
a very slight incline with the progressive lowering of the drain; to give a
suflicient. incline for free running of they open into the gutters r under the
footways and so are in communication with the sewers. There may be a
projection formed on the side of the slabs to afford between each a passage for
the flow of water. The gulleys of the form or shape before described may also
be made with a flange on each side to support the cast-iron grating to the
right and left where the wood pavings, stones, or composition arc imbedded.
The paving may be laid according to my Invention with or without the
means of draining not only on carriage roadways but for footways, passages
for pedestrians, internal courts, entrances to houses, railway stations, halls
barracks, bridges, and other purposes. It has moreover the following
advantages:
First. It allows the roadways to be flat.
Second. It does away with the necessity of employing any cartly material
capable of producing mud and dust as well as the necessity for using street
kennels.
Third. It can be easily cleaned, and which is done by heavy rain, or at
ordinary times by sweeping, and in exceptional cases by a flush of water.
Fourth. It is laid on a bed of concrete and the slabs present great stability
Fifth. The repairs are easily and quickly effected.
Sixth. It affords a level and smooth running surface and lessens the danger
resulting to a horse should he fall than did he do so on a hard and uneven
surface.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the improvements in the

page_text: construction of paving substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Victor Leon Daguzan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-Seventh day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
V. L. DAGUZAN. (L.S.)