IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Paul Baugh Le Patourel, of No. 11, Garden
Reach, Calcutta, in the Province of Bengal, in the East Indies, and of
Piette House, Guernsey, Europe, in Her Majesty's Service Honorable
Company's Marine, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS."
Scaled the 9th January 1866, and dated the 18th July 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Paul Baugh
Le Patourel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th July 1865.
I, JOHN PAUL BAUGH LE PATOUREL, of No. 11, Garden Reach, Calcutta,
in the Province of Bengal, in the East Indies, and of Piette House, Guernsey,
Europe, in Her Majesty's Service Honorable Company's Marine, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS,"
to be as follows:-
The improvement in chamber ventilators in this case consists in having
the ventilators so fitted with a chamber, stop and throttle valve, and waste
pipe, and so formed as to fit closely on the side of the ship, securely covering
the side scuttle or porthole. The fresh air entering through the scuttle or
porthole passes into the ventilator, through the chamber of which it passes
i *[Price 8d.].

page_text: into the feed pipe, and thence into the ship. The ventilator being fitted with
self-acting throttle and stop valves, any water entering through the scuttle is
met by the stop valve, which is fitted to lift with the water. The stop valve.
rising throttles the feed pipe and prevents the ingress of water, while at the
same time it (the stop valve) opens the waste pipe and admits of the water
running off, or the waste pipe and its stop valve may be omitted, the water
returning as it came, or a little water may be kept in this ventilator to
advantage, as it will have the effect of cooling the air. This ventilator
may be made of wood or any description of metal, and of any shape,
round, square, or oval, and is applicable to ships, houses, factories, mines,
railway carriages, or any place requiring air and light to the exclusion of
water.
The second part of my improvement is the cowl-head syphon ventilator.
In this case the improvement consists in having a double tubular ventilator
with a space of two or more inches between them, and fitted with a cowl head
to turn towards the wind receiver, glands, uptake, feed pipe, and stop valve.
At the bottom of the outer tube the receiver commences and bends under the
inner tube, leaving a clear space between the bottom of the inner tube and
the receiver, which is fitted with a small self-acting valve to let off water; at
the top of the receiver is fitted the stop valve, worked by a connecting rod
from the upper deck. The space between the tubes forms the uptake; the
outer tube being pierced at certain intervals forms the glands leading into the
uptake. Fresh air entering through the cowl head is forced down to the
receiver, where it recurves into the uptake, where on its course upwards it
carries with it the foul air admitted through the glands, and passes off to
leeward of the cowl head, which is fitted with a flange to cover the weather
side of the uptake, and to protect the lee side. The stop valve at the head of
the receiver may be kept open or shut, decreasing or increasing the power of
the syphon at will, or increasing or decreasing the column of air. The feed
pipes may be kept open or shut at will, communicating direct from the inner
to the outer tube, opening a clear passage for fresh air whenever or
wherever required. This ventilator may be made of wood or any description
of metal, round, or square, or oval, any length or shape, and is applicable to
ships, houses, factories, mines, or any place requiring ventilation to the
exclusion of water.
The third part of my improvement is the improved cowl head ventilator.
In this case the improvement consists in having a tubular ventilator fitted
with a cowl head (or any other shape), chamber reservoir, throttle and stop
valve, and feed pipe. The air entering by the head of the ventilator fitted to

page_text: turn towards the wind descends to the chamber, thence through the feed pipe
into the ship, or any place requiring ventilation to the exclusion of water.
Any water entering the ventilator is caught in the reservoir, the water thence
coming in contact with the self-acting valve throttles the feed pipe and pre-
vents the ingress of water, while the valve lifting opens the waste pipe and
allows the surplus water to run off; in this case water may remain in the
Or this
reservoir to advantage, as it will have the effect of cooling the air.
ventilator may be fitted with a simple receiver and stop valve, the receiver
being formed at the bottom of the ventilator, the air passing out on its four
sides, or all round, while the water remains in the receiver, the valve floating
to let it off into the waste pipe. All these ventilators may be constructed of
wood or any kind of metal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Paul Baugh Le Patourel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th January 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. I, JOHN
PAUL BAUGH LE PATOUREL, of No. 11, Garden Reach, Calcutta, in the
Province of Bengal, in the East Indies, and. of Piette House, Guernsey,
Europe, in Her Majesty's Service Honorable Company's Marine, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Paul Baugh Le Patourel, Her special licence that I, the said John Paul Baugh
Le Patourel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Paul Baugh Le Patourel, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN VENTILATORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Paul Baugh Le Patourel, my executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be led in

page_text: the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Paul Baugh Le Patourel, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
The advantages of this Patent are-
Firstly, the chamber ventilator A to G hereafter described will admit
air at all times, under all circumstances, in any weather, to the total exclusion
of water.
Secondly, they afford additional security in the event of the scuttle being
knocked in in bad weather, the valves (of which there may be one or more)
effectually preventing the ingress of water.
Thirdly, these ventilators will keep up a continual supply of fresh air, the
syphon (plan H) hereafter described carrying out the foul air as fast as
it is generated, at the same time that it (the syphon) supplies fresh air.
Fourthly, these ventilators will not only admit fresh air, but fitted with wind
scoops protruding through the scuttle outside the ship. becomes powerful feed
pipes, totally excluding water.
Fifthly, these ventilators charged with water will not only admit air, but
cool the air passing through them.
Sixthly, plan I will not only admit cool air, but by charging the reservoir (G)
hereafter described, with a disinfectant instead of water, it will diffuse it
throughout the ship.
Seventhly, impunity from accidents by fire from any malicious person
throwing fire down the cowl head.
Eighthly, they will admit a continuous supply of fresh air at all times,
under all circumstances, in any weather, the hatches battened down or not;
advantages not possessed by any other description of ventilator, and of the
first importance to vessels carrying a living freight, troop, passenger, emigrant,
or cooly ships.
Ninthly, as applicable to public buildings they supply cool fresh air to the
total exclusion of water, and carry of foul air.
Tenthly, they are applicable to ships, houses, factories, public buildings,
barracks, hospitals, railway carriages, or any place requiring air to the total
exclusion of water.
First. The first part of my improvement consists in having a ventilator
fitted with a chamber, stop and throttle valve, feed and waste pipes, and so
formed, as to fit closely on to the inside of the ship, securely covering

page_text: the side. scuttle or porthole; the fresh air entering through the scuttle
or porthole passes into the ventilator, through the chamber of which
it passes into the feed pipe, and thence into the ship. This ventilator being
fitted with self-acting throttle and stop valve, any water entering through the
scuttle is met by the stop valve, which is fitted to lift with the water, the
stop valve rising throttles the feed pipe, preventing the ingress of water, while
at the same time it (the stop valve) opens the waste pipe and admits of the
water running to waste (or the waste pipe and stop valve may be dispensed
with. This ventilator may be made of wood or any description of metal; and
of any shape, round, square, or oval, long or short, and is applicaple to ships,
houses, factories, mines, railway carriages, or any place requiring air to the
exclusion of water.
Second. The second part of my improvement is the syphon ventilator; in
this case the improvement consists in having a double tubular ventilator with
a space between the tubes fitted with a cowl head; at the bottom of the outer
tube a flange is formed which bends under the inner tube, and extends in
towards the centre of the inner tube six or more inches, forming a receiver,
which receiver is fitted with a small self-acting stop valve and waste pipe.
The centre of the receiver, which curves up, is covered with a valve or
scuttle, worked by a rod direct to the top of the cowl head. A clear space is
left under the lower part of the inner tube. The outer tube at certain dis-
tances from the bottom is fitted with glands to admit of the foul air entering
the uptake, which is formed between the two tubes, while feed pipes fitted
in certain parts of the ventilator admit air where required. By this improve-
ment fresh air enters by the cowl head, which is fitted to turn to the wind in
the usual way, is forced down to the receiver, when in it recurves into the
uptake and continues its course through, carrying with it the foul air admitted
through the glands, and acts the part of a syphon at the same time that it
supplies fresh air where required; any water entering through the cowl head
is received in the receiver at the bottom of the ventilator and let off through
the waste pipe. This ventilator may be made any shape or length, round,
square, or oval, is applicable to ships, houses, mines, factories, or any place
requiring ventilation.
The third part of my improvement is the improved cowl head ventilator,
fitted with a receiver (or reservoir), throttle (and stop) valve, feed and waste
pipe (or scupper), so as to admit fresh air only to the total exclusion of water.
In this case the improvement consists in having a cowl head ventilator stand-
ing on a case made for the purpose, and fitted with a collar, around which the
cowl head turns in the usual way. In this case the self-acting valve is fitted

page_text: to lift with the water, throttling the feed pipe through which the
air has to pass, at the same time it (the valve) opens the waste pipe and admits
of the water running off, the air entering the head of the ventilator descends
to the chamber (formed inside the case), thence through the feed pipe (or
aperture) into the ship or where required; any water entering through the cowl
head is caught in the receiver (or reservoir), thence coming in contact with the
self-acting valve raises. it and admits of the water running off,
while a larger quantity of water rushing down the ventilator raises
the valve and throttles the feed pipe, preventing the ingress of water, while a
little water remaining in the receiver (or reservoir) will have the effect of
cooling the air.
The valves. The upper surface of the valves may be fitted with india-
rubber or other soft substance to fit closely to the mouth of the valve plate, or
the valve may be made to fit exactly to the mouth of the feed pipe or valve
plate; or there may be one or more feed pipes, or the ceiling of the chamber
may have a short pipe flush with the floor, and with the lips of the pipe pro-
jecting below the ceiling, on which the valve may close, or an aperture only
may be made in the roof of the chamber or valve plate, the valve being fitted
to close tight on it either with some soft or elastic substance, or the valve may
be made to fit exactly without any intervening substance, or the ceiling or valve
plate may be perforated with a series of small valves, and the valves may be
of any shape or form, of any description of metal or wood, or of cork and
wood, or of gutta percha or india-rubber, all either combined or singly, and
the valve may be applied so as to act from either front, rear, right or left side,
and either one only or more valves may be applied.
In order to explain more fully and in detail the method of carrying my
Invention into practical effect, I have annexed hereunto Drawings represent-
ing my improvements as applied (for the sake of illustration) to ventilators,
the letters of reference placed thereon corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof, similar letters of reference being placed upon correspond-
ing parts in so far as such parts appear, or can be seen at each of the said
Figures respectively.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING.
Chamber ventilator. (Plan A.) The fresh air entering through the side
scuttle (A). as shewn in the Drawing, passes into the ventilator through the
chamber (B), of which it passes into the feed pipe (C), and thence where
required. The self-acting valve (E), shewing the feed pipe (C), throttled to
prevent the ingress of water leaving the waste pipe (F) open to admit of

page_text: water running off (e), representing the space occupied by the valve (E when
the feed pipe is open to admit fresh air, the valve (E) then acting as stop
valve to the waste pipe (G), the bed plate to be secured over the side scuttle
or porthole to which the ventilator is to be secured; or the ventilator may be
secured on directly over the scuttle or porthole without such bed plate, a
packing of some soft substance intervening between the side and ventilator
to prevent leakage. A glass scuttle (H) is fitted directly opposite the side
scuttle or porthole to admit light, and is worked in the usual way and may
be kept open in fine weather, or the scuttle (A) alone kept open, and the
scuttle (H) shut. This ventilator may be made of wood or any description
of metal, or of wood and metal combined, of any convenient length, breadth,
or depth, sufficient space being left inside to admit of the outside scuttle (A)
being opened into the ventilator, and may be fitted with one or more valves
or a series of small valves, with or without a recess or recesses for the valve (E)
or valves, and any form of valve may be applied.
Plan B represents the same principle applied vertically between the inner
skin or lining and the outside planking of a ship; (A) represents the side
scuttle; (B) the inner ditto; (C) the valves, of which one or more may be
applied; (D) the feed pipe. In this case the air enters the scuttle (A), passes
into the ventilator formed (in this case) between the planks of the ship and
timbers, and passes through the chamber (F) into the feed pipe (D), and thence
where required; water entering the scuttle (A) would return. as it came, the
valve (C) stopping its ingress into the ship; (G) represents the valve and valve
plate, the ship's side and frames forming the chamber and feed pipe, the valve
plate firmly imbedded and made water-tight; or the ventilator may be formed
independently as in Plan (A), and applied over the side scuttle or
porthole in the same manner as Plan (A), excepting that Plan B
will be applied vertically instead of horizontally. This ventilator may be fitted
with one or more valves, or with a series of small valves of any material, or
shape, or size.
Plan (C) represents the same principle in a different form. The air enter-
ing the side scuttle (A), Plan (C), Fig. 1, ascends through the ventilator to
the feed pipe (B), the valve (C) preventing the ingress of water; or the feed
pipe (B) may open directly over the scuttle (A), as in Plan (D), the ventilator
being made square for that purpose; or the feed pipe may open on the right
or left side of the ventilator, and the valve may be applied on either side; or
a second valve may be applied, if required, as in Plan (E); or the roof of the
chamber may be perforated with a series of small valves; or a double roof may
be applied as in Plan (E), with valves in opposite directions in each roof;

page_text: this venenator may be applied over the scuttle or porthole as 1 Plan (A), either
with or without a bed plate.
Plan (D) is a further modification of Plans (B) and (C); the air entering
the scuttle (A) passes through the chamber, ascending through the aperture
(B), fitted with a valve (C), passes through an aperture in the partition of the
upper chamber (D) to the feed pipe E, and thence where required; or a valve
may be applied against the partition if required.
Plan (E) is a further modification of Plans (B), (C), and (D), and is intended
to give greater security against water entering when not required. The air
entering the scuttle (A), passes through the chamber, ascending through the
aperture or feed pipe (B) into the upper chamber (D), thence through
an aperture in the partition (E), into the third chamber (F), thence
through the aperture (G) into the fourth chamber (H), and thence through
the aperture in the partition of the fourth chamber (1) to the feed pipe (K), and
thence where required; or the division or partition of the chamber may be dis-
pensed with altogether or increased in number; or the chambers further
increased or decreased in number, increasing or decreasing the number of
valves at pleasure; applying valves to each aperture or to one only; or the
roof or roofs of the ceiling may be perforated with a series of small valves, or
the feed pipe may form one continuous curve from the aperture (B) to the
delivery (K), one valve alone being used (C); or the pipe may be divided
into segments, applying valves to each; the pipe may be of any shape or
make.
Plan (F) is the same principle modified. The air entering at the scuttle
(A), ascends to the feed pipe (B), the stop valve (C) preventing the ingress
of water; (D), the inner scuttle. One or more valves may be applied, and
the valve may be applied on either side of the ventilator. The ventilator
will be secured over the scuttle port or air hole, as in Plans A, B, C, D,
and E.
Plan (G) is the same principle in another form. The air entering through
the side scuttle (A, passes through the chamber into the feed pipe (B), either
in the curved form represented in the plan, or the feed pipe may terminate
square off on the dotted line (E), the valve (D) stopping the ingress of water;
(C), the inner scuttle; or a little water may be allowed to remain to advantage,
having the effect of cooling the air passing through the ventilator, or two
or more valves may be applied.
The foregoing constitutes the first part of my improvement, called by me
the chamber ventilator, to adinit air and light to the total exclusion of
water.

page_text: Syphon ventilator.--(Plan H.) The second part of my improvement is the
syphon ventilator." In this case the improvement consists in having a double
tubular ventilator, represented in the Drawing, Plate H, so formed as to leave
a space of three or more inches between them, forming the uptake A, into
which the foul air is admitted through the glands (B), (of which there may be
any number), fitted in different parts of the outer tube and slanting upwards.
The feed pipe (C), of which there may be one, two, or more if required, con-
necting and holding the two tubes in position admitting fresh air; or the feed
pipes may be dispensed with altogether if not required, and the tubes kept in
position by stays. (D) represents the cowl head fitted in the usual way to
turn round to the wind, with a flange to cover the weather side of the uptake,
the lee-side also protected; or the cowl head may be doubled from the deck
(or collar) up sufficiently high to leave a space above the upper edge of the
uptake, with a segment of the after part of the cowl head cut away to admit
of the foul air passing off to leeward.
(G represents a valve over the upper part of the receiver (L), which may
be opened or shut at will, with the rod (H) increasing or decreasing the power
of the uptake; one or more small self-acting valves (I) is placed- at the bottom
of the receiver (L) to let off any water that may enter. In this case the feed
pipes are represented above the deck, but they may be placed in any other
position, or wherever air is required. The glands may be of any shape or
number, and applied whenever foul air is to be carried off: (K is a scuttle
fitted to close over the feed pipe if required, and may either be worked by
hand or from the upper deck by a rod from the cowl head, and may be applied
either in or outside of the ventilator. In this case the fresh air entering the
cowl-head is forced down to the receiver, when it recurves up the uptake and
carries off with it the foul air admitted through the glands.
The foregoing constitutes the second part of my improvement in ventilation
called by me the syphon ventilator.
Cowl-head ventilator. (Plan I.) The third part of my improvement in
ventilation is the improved cowl-head ventilator. In this case the improvement
consists in having a cowl-head ventilator (A). Plan (I), standing on a case
formed to receive it (B), fitted with a collar around which the cowl head is to
turn in the usual way; fresh air entering the cowl head descends to the chamber
(C). thence through the feed pipe (D), into the ship, or where required. The
valve (E), which is fitted to the bulk head-of the-chamber. (F),- preventing the
ingress of water, while the reservoir (G) containing water will cool the air
passing through; at the same time any surplus water entering and overflowing
the reservoir will pass under the valve (E), floating it, and at the same time

page_text: opening the waste pipe (F), allowing the surplus water to run off. In this case
one or more valves may be applied of any shape; or the valve may be dis-
pensed with, leaving a bulkhead alone, and small scuppers on each side (H),
(H), to admit of the surplus water running off. This ventilator and case may
be made of any length, breadth, and depth, of wood or any description of metal,
or of both combined.
Plan (K) is a modification of Plan (I). In this case a collar (B) is fitted
to receive the cowl head (A). A circular flange (C) is formed under the deck
entirely round the aperture for the ventilator; below this is suspended a
receiver (D), by connecting rod (E). This receiver is fitted in the centre
with a self-acting valve (F); any water entering the cowl head is caught by
the receiver, the valve F lifting admits of the water running off through the
waste pipe (G) where convenient; a clear space being left between the flange
(C) and the receiver (D) to admit of the air passing round freely.
The foregoing constitutes the third part of my improvement, called by me
the improved cowl-head ventilator.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said Invention of
improvements in the construction, arrangement, and adaptation of ventilators,
together with the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same
into practical effect, I would remark, in conclusion, that I claim as my Inven-
tion the construction, arrangement, and adaptation of the above-mentioned
improvements of ventilators, as above described and represented in the Drawings
annexed hereto.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Paul Baugh Le Patourel, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this 12th day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JOHN PAUL BAUGH LE PATOUREL. (L.S.)