AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR USE IN STARTING VEHICLES
Year: 1884

page_text: I CHARLES HENRY MARRIOTT WHARTON of 78 Cross Street Manchester in the
County of Lancaster Barrister-at-Law do hereby declare the nature of my
Invention for AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR USE IN STARTING VEHICLES to be as
follows:-
•
1. By means of certain mechanical arrangements attached underneath vehicles to
reduce the power and release the strain at present necessary to start such vehicles.
2. By means of the principle of the wheel and axle the initiative motive power
necessary to draw or propel a vehicle is reduced in proportion to the diameter of
the wheel and axle respectively and in proportion to the diameter of the wheel in
the wheel and axle and the wheel of the vehicle.
3. By means of a rack or other similar mechanical appliance applied to the wheel
in the wheel and axle system to enable such motive power to be exercised through
a limited space with the mechanical advantage of such wheel and axle and
afterwards continuously upon the vehicle itself.
•
4. In the accompanying plan a. a. is the axle bar of the vehicle the wheels of
which turn with the axle bar, A. is a bevelled cog wheel attached to the axle bar
and revolving with it. B. is a lever attached to C. and revolving round D. which
is attached to the floor of the vehicle and in which the axle-bar a. a. revolves at
the point D¹¹.
5. A detailed plan is given of C. which is a solid wheel having a portion c. c.
cut out of the circumference to allow E. (hereinafter described) to revolve on the
spindle d. d. At the bottom of C. is a circular plate to carry the spindle d. d.
6. Attached to C. by and revolving on the spindle d. d. is an arrangement E.
consisting of two teeth of a bevelled cog-wheel acting on the cog-wheel A. and kept
in contact with the wheel C. at the point c. by means of a spring hh.
7. From the detailed plan of C. it will be seen that when C. revolves in the
direction of the arrow the teeth E. will press against the wheel at the point e. and
coming in contact with the cog-wheel A. will turn A. in the same direction but
if C. revolves in the opposite direction the teeth E. pressing against the cog-
wheel A. will be forced in the position shewn by the dotted lines resuming their
position (by means of the spring h. h.) when the teeth E. have passed the cog-
wheel A. and the pressure is removed. The lever B. is worked by a rack H, which
is attached to the horse or other motive power.

page_text: 8. In applying the invention to a four wheeled vehicle the arrangement is
attached to each pair of wheels the two levers acting simultaneously on opposite
sides of the vehicle the two racks which move the levers being connected by a cross
bar to which the horse is attached.
9. When the vehicle is stationery the lever B. is in the position marked 1. in the
plan and the teeth E. are not in contact with the cog-wheel A.
When the horse
starts the rack H. pulls the lever in the direction of the arrow,
the teeth E. come in
contact with and turn the cog-wheel A. which starts the vehicle and the moment E
passes and therefore ceases to act upon A. the rack is arrested in its progress at the
point 2. and the horse continues to pull not the lever but the vehicle itself whose
resistance is considerably lessened by the fact that it is in motion.
10. To prevent a jerk when the horse ceases to act on the lever and commences
to act on the vehicle and to make the pull continuous a.spring or buffer of india
rubber must be used.
11. The number of teeth in the arrangement E may be increased or diminished
the greater the number of teeth the farther the rack attachment will draw out in
front of the vehicle.
12. A rope or chain may be used instead of the rack but in this case it will be
necessary to attach an arrangement by which when the vehicle stops the lever will
be carried back to the point 1. This may be done by attaching to the centre of the
cross-bar referred to in paragraph 8 and at right angles to it a rigid bar to the end
of which is attached one end of a rope or chain the other end being fastened to the
lever at the point K. and by means of 2 pulleys so arranged that when the rigid
bar is pushed in by the backing of the horse the lever is pulled to the point 1.
13. In order if required to prevent the apparatus from working when the vehicle
is in motion the part of the rack attached to the horse may be made to auto-
matically fix itself when drawn out, by a drop latch or similar arrangement which
can be raised at pleasure by the driver by means of a small hand lever.
14. As the passage of the lever from point 2. to point 1. does not interfere with
the motion of the vehicle and as the passage of the lever from point 1. to point 2.
gives the horse the additional power which is the object of this invention it will be
seen that by alternately slightly checking the horse and letting it go on the
advantage can be repeated any number of times which will be of great advantage
when carrying great weights and particularly in the case of tram cars where the
car is frequently slackened though not actually stopped.
15. By checking the lever as in paragraph 13 whilst in the position shewn on
the plan the arrangement will act as a powerful break.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I CHARLES HENRY MARRIOTT WHARTON of 78 Cross Street Manchester in the
County of Lancaster Barrister-at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR USE IN STARTING VEHICLES and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
1. By means of certain mechanical arrangements attached underneath vehicles to
reduce the power and release the strain at present necessary to start such vehicles..
2. By means of the principle of the wheel and axle the initiative motive power
necessary to draw or propel a vehicle is reduced in proportion to the diameter of
the wheel and axle respectively and in proportion to the diameter of the wheel
in the wheel and axle and the wheel of the vehicle.
3. By means of a rack or other similar mechanical appliance applied to the wheel
in the wheel and axle system to enable such motive power to be exercised through
a limited space with the mechanical advantage of such wheel and axle and after-
wards continuously upon the vehicle itself.
4. In the drawings accompanying my provisional specification a. a. is the axle
bar of the vehicle the wheels of which turn with the axle bar. A is a bevelled
cog-wheel attached to the axle bar and revolving with it. B. is a lever attached
to C. and revolving round D. which is attached to the floor of the vehicle and in
which the axle-bar a. a. revolves at the point D¹¹.
5. A detailed plan is given of C. which is a solid wheel having a portion e. e. cut
out of the circumference to allow E. (hereinafter described) to revolve on the
spindle d d. At the bottom of C. is a circular plate to carry the spindle d d.
6. Attached to C. by and revolving on the spindle & d. is an arrangement E
consisting of two teeth of a bevelled cog wheel acting on the cog wheel A. and kept
in contact with the wheel C. at the point e. by means of a spring h. h.
7. From the detailed plan of C. it will be seen that when C. revolves in the
direction of the arrow the teeth E. will press against the wheel at the point e. and
coming in contact with the cog-wheel A. will turn A in the same direction but
if C. revolves in the opposite direction the teeth E. pressing against the cog wheel A
will be forced in the position shewn by the dotted lines resuming their position (by
means of the spring h. h.) when the teeth E have passed the cog wheel A and the
pressure is removed. The lever B is worked by a rack H which is attached to the
horse or other motive power.
8. In applying the invention to a four wheeled vehicle the arrangement is
attached to each pair of wheels the two levers acting simultaneously on opposite
sides of the vehicle the two racks which move the levers being connected by a
cross bar to which the horse is attached.
9. When the vehicle is stationery the lever B. is in the position marked 1. in the
plan and the teeth E. are not in contact with the cog-wheel A. When the horse
starts the rack H pulls the lever in the direction of the arrow, the teeth E. come in
contact with and turn the cog wheel A which starts the vehicle and the moment E
passes and therefore ceases to act upon A the rack is arrested in its progress at the
point 2. and the horse continues to pull not the lever but the vehicle itself whose
resistence is considerably lessened by the fact that it is in motion.

page_text: '
10. To prevent a jerk when the horse ceases to act on the lever and commences
to act on the vehicle and to make the pull continuous a spring or buffer of india
rubber must be used.
11. The number of teeth in the arrangement E may be increased or diminished
the greater the number of teeth the farther the rack attachment will draw out in
front of the vehicle.
12. A rope or chain may be used instead of the rack but in this case it will be
necessary to attach an arrangement by which when the vehicle stops the lever will
be carried back to the point 1. This may be done by attaching to the centre of
the cross bar referred to in paragraph 8. and at right angles to it a rigid bar to the
end of which is attached one end of a rope or chain the other end being fastened to
the lever at the point K. and by means of two pulleys so arranged that when
the rigid bar is pushed in by the backing of the horse the lever is pulled to the
point 1. or by the use of an ordinary spring. In the case of Lurries and similar
vehicles the lever B may be replaced by a drum with a rope or chain passing
round it and a spring sufficiently strong to turn the drum in a direction opposite
to that in which the horse is pulling and to keep the rope or chain round the drum
when not in action.
13. In order if required to prevent the apparatus from working when the vehicle
is in motion the part of the rack attached to the horse may be made to auto-
matically fix itself when drawn out, by a drop latch or similar arrangement which
can be raised at pleasure by the driver by means of a small hand lever.
14. As the passage of the lever from point 2. to point 1. does not interfere with
the motion of the vehicle and as the passage of the lever from point 1. to point 2.
gives the horse the additional power which is the object of this invention it will
be seen that by alternately slightly checking the horse and letting it go on the
advantage can be repeated any number of times which will be of great advantage
when carrying great weights and particularly in the case of tram cars where the
car is frequently slackened though not actually stopped.
15. By checking the lever as in paragraph 13 whilst in the position shewn on
the plan the arrangement will act as a powerful break.
"Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
"
1. That the Invention gives the horse or other motor the mechanical advantage
of the wheel and axle in starting.
2. That it will relieve the strain on horses caused by the extra power necessary
in starting.
3. That it will save horse power by enabling one horse to start with a burden
which would be impossible without the application of the invention.
"Dated this 27th day of April 1885."