IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAPING AND ORNAMENTING METALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THOSE PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mark Moses Eaves, of King's Norton, in the County of
Worcester, Farmer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAPING AND
ORNAMENTING METALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR
THOSE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 6th April 1880, and dated the 22nd October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Mark Moses Eaves at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1879.
MARK MOSES EAVES, of King's Norton, in the County of Worcester, Farmer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAPING AND ORNAMENTING METALS, AND IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THOSE PURPOSES."
My Invention has reference principally to the production of metallic vessels
having a globular or bulbous figure to be made into the bodies of tea and coffee
pots, metallic jugs, sugar basins, vases, and the like; but metallic vessels produced
according to my Invention may be made of various shapes and be applied to various
other purposes.
My said Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in
shaping and ornamenting metals, and in machinery or apparatus to be used in
effecting the said improvements.
I will describe my improvements in conjunction with the machinery or apparatus
which I employ.
I make in dies in the ordinary way a cylindrical vessel of Britannia metal or.
other soft and ductile metal or alloy, the open top of the said vessel having a wide
conical flange or lip. I take this vessel and place it in a steel die having a shape
the counterpart of the vessel or article to be produced, the conical flange of the
vessel or article fitting accurately the mouth of the die. The said die is made in
two or more separable parts, for the purpose of permitting the removal of the
shaped or shaped and ornamented article from the die. When in use the parts of
the die are firmly bound or clamped together, and unbound or separated for the
removal of the shaped and ornamented article. When an ornamental figure is to
be given to the article, the interior of the die is engraved with the pattern to be
reproduced on the article. The said die is supported on the bed of a press or other
like machine, the said bed having a rising and falling motion given to it in any

page_text: convenient way. At the top of the press or machine is a strong fixed cross head or
plate, and on the underside of the said cross head is a conical plug of a size and
shape proper for the conical flange on the cylindrical vessel to fit tightly upon. In
the said cross head is a tubular passage in communication with a steam boiler con-
taining steam of high pressure, or with a pump similar to that of a hydraulic press
for forcing water under pressure through the said passage. Or other fluid liquid
or gas under pressure may be put in connection with the passage in the cross head
or plate.
The cylindrical vessel to be operated upon having been placed in the plain or
ornamented die, the bed carrying it is raised to and supported against the fixed
cross head or plate of the press or machine. The conical flange of the vessel in the
die is thereby forced against, and made closely to fit upon the conical plug on the
cross head so as to close the said vessel and form a liquid or gas tight joint between
its flange and the said conical plug.
The liquid or fluid under pressure being turned on, it passes by the tubular
passage in the cross head, into and fills the vessel, and by its pressure expands the
said vessel, and forces it to take the figure of the die in which it is placed.
In this way the cylindrical vessel is shaped into a globular, bulbous, or other
figure; and if an ornamented die be used the said vessel is at the same time orna-
mented with the pattern engraved or otherwise produced on the die.
I do not limit myself to making the shaping and ornamenting die moveable, and
the closing plug fixed, as the latter may be moveable and the die be stationary with
the same effect.

page_text: DIECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent nied by
the said Mark Moses Eaves in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th April
1880.
MARK MOSES EAVES, of King's Norton, in the County of Worcester, Farmer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAPING AND ORNAMENTING METALS, AND IN MACHINERY
TO BE USED FOR THOSE PURPOSES.".
My Invention has reference principally to the production of metallic vessels
baving a globular or bulbous figure to be made into the bodies of tea and coffee
pots, metallic jugs, sugar basins, vases, and the like; but metallic vessels produced
according to my Invention may be made of various shapes, and be applied to
various other purposes.
My said Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in shaping
and ornamenting metals, and in machinery or apparatus to be used in effecting the
said improvements.
I will describe my improvements in conjunction with the machinery or apparatus
which I employ.
I make in dies in the ordinary way a cylindrical vessel of Britannia metal or
other soft and ductile metal or alloy, the open top of the said vessel having a wide
conical flange or mouth. I take this vessel and place it in a steel die having a
shape the counterpart of the vessel or article to be produced, the conical flange of
the vessel or article fitting accurately the mouth of the die. The said die is made
in two or more separable parts for the purpose of permitting of the removal of the
shaped or shaped and ornamented article from the die. When in use the parts of
the die are firmly bound or clamped together, and unbound or separated for the
removal of the shaped and ornamented article. When an ornamental figure is to
be given to the article, the interior of the die is engraved with the pattern to be
reproduced on the article.
The said die is supported on the bed of a press or other like machine, the said
bed having a rising and falling motion given to it in any convenient way. At the
top of the press or machine is a strong fixed cross head or plate, and on the under-
side of the said cross head is a conical plug of a size and shape proper for the
conical flange on the cylindrical vessel to fit tightly upon. In the said cross head
is a tubular passage in communication with a steam boiler containing steam of high
pressure, or with a pump similar to that of a hydraulic press for forcing water
under pressure through the said passage. Or other fluid, liquid, or gas under
pressure may be put in connection with the passage in the cross head or plate.
.
The cylindrical vessel to be operated upon having been placed in the plain or
ornamented die, the bed carrying it is raised to and supported against the fixed
cross head or plate of the press or machine. The conical Hange of the vessel in the
die is thereby forced against and made closely to fit upon the conical plug on the
cross head so as to close the said vessel and form a liquid or gas tight joint between
its flange and the said conical plug. The liquid or fluid under pressure being
turned on, it passes by the tubular passage in the cross head into and fills the
vessel, and by its pressure expands the said vessel and forces it to take the figure
of the die in which it is placed. In this way the cylindrical vessel is shaped into
a globular, bulbous, or other figure; and if an ornamented die is used the said vessel
is at the same time ornamented with the pattern engraved or otherwise produced
on the die.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my Invention is to be performed.

page_text: Figure 1 represents the cylindrical vessel of Britannia metal or other soft and
ductile metal or alloy which I use in making according to my Invention a globular
or bulbous vessel (or other shaped vessel) of the kind represented in Figure 2, or
that represented drawn to a larger scale in Figure 3. The said cylindrical vessel
Figure 1 is marked a, and the wide conical flange at the open top of the vessel is
marked b.
The machine or apparatus which I use for converting the cylindrical vessel,
Figure 1, into the globular or bulbous vessel, Figure 2, is represented in Figures 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. Figure 4 represents a vertical section of the machine or
apparatus, the parts being in the positions which they respectively occupy when
the cylindrical vessel a, Figure 1, is about to be operated upon; Figure 5 is a
front elevation; Figure 6 a side elevation, and Figure 7 a plan of the same, the
said plan being taken on the dotted line y, y, Figure 5; Figure 8 represents in
plan, and Figure 9 in side elevation, two of the four parts of which the side walls
of the compound die are made; and Figure 10 represents. in plan and section the
base of the compound die ; Figure 11 represents the clamping or binding ring of
the die separately.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of
the Drawings.
The parts of the steel die in which the vessel a, b, Figure 1, is to be shaped, or
shaped and ornamented are marked c, c, c, c, d, the walls of the die being composed
of the four parts c, c, c, c, and the base of the part d. When the parts of the said
die are fitted together they form a steel die having a shape the counterpart of
the vessel to be produced, that is, of the form represented in Figure 2. The parts
c, c, c, c, and d of the die are carried in the sliding holder or bed e having a rising
and falling motion, the said holder or bed being open at opposite sides. The back
of the said holder or bed e is furnished with an aujustable stop f (see Figures 6
and 7). The sliding holder or bed e works between the angular guides or uprights
g, g, of the machine, and is supported by the strong screw h working in a screw
box h2 in the bed plate i of the machine. The screw is turned by the hand
wheel h³ and is connected to the sliding die holder or bed e by a swivel joint, as
represented in the section Figure 4. The parts c, c, of the compound die are
contracted at their base c², and fit in the base part d of the said die, as seen in
Figure 4. There is also a similar contraction or neck at k for the purpose herein
after described. The parts of the die having been fitted together, the compound
die is by a horizontal motion placed in the die holder or bed e and pushed up to
the stop f. The sliding of the die into its holder or bed is effected by taking hold
of the handle d² on the base part d. As the die is pushed to its stop f, the neck k in
the said die engages with the horizontal projecting parts e², e², of the die holder, as
best seen in Figure 4. The parts of the die are thereby clamped or bound together
at opposite sides. They are further bound together when the die holder or bed is
raised into its position for use by the clamping ring 7, the hole in which is conical
and takes upon the conical head or exterior of the die. This clamping ring is
supported when the die and die holder are lowered in the machine by the
adjustable supports m, m, on the guides or uprights g, g. The mouth of the die is
conical, and the conical flange b of the vessel Figure 1 to be fashioned fits
accurately in the mouth of the die. At the top of the machine or apparatus is a
strong cross head or plate n, and on the underside of the said cross head is a
conical plug p of a size and shape proper for the conical flange 6 of the vessel a to
fit closely upon; q is a pipe passing through the cross head n and conical plug p,
and opening on the inner face of the said plug, the said pipe q being in communi-
cation with a pump forcing water under pressure or with a steam boiler containing
steam of high pressure, or other fluid, liquid, or gas under pressure.
In using the machinery or apparatus the compound die c, d, having been
arranged and clamped in the holder or bed e in the manner before described, when

page_text: the said holder is in its lowest position, the cylindrical vessel a, b, Figure 1 is
placed in the die, the flange b of the said vessel fitting closely upon the conical
mouth of the said die. By turning the hand wheel h³ of the screw h the die holder
or bed e, and the compound die c, d, containing the vessel a, b, are raised into the
position represented in Figures 4, 5, and 6, and supported in that position by the
said screw. As the upper part of the die enters the clamping ring %, the head of
the die is embraced by the said ring, and the parts of the die are firmly clamped
together at their upper ends, and the conical flange b of the vessel in the die is at
the same time forced against and made closely to fit upon the conical plug p on the
cross head n, as represented in Figure 4. The vessel a is thereby closed, and a
liquid or gas tight joint formed between its flange and the said conical plug p.
The liquid or fluid under pressure being turned on, it passes by the pipe q into and
fills the vessel a, and by its pressure expands the said vessel and forces it to take
the figure of the die c, d; Figure 2 represents the vessel a, b, Figures 1 and 4, after
the latter has been operated upon in the manner described, and forced to take the
figure of the die. After the vessel has been shaped the liquid or fluid pressure is
turned off, and the die holder or bed e is lowered from the plug p leaving the
clamping ring supported on the supports m, m. The die being withdrawn from
the holder or bed è by the handle d², the several. parts of the die are thereby
released, and may be separated for removing the shaped article.
When the vessel is required to have the form represented in Figure 3, the vessel
Figure 2 is subjected to a second operation in the manner before described, in a
compound die having the shape of the said vessel Figure 3. When an ornamental
figure is to be given to the vessel or article, as illustrated in the vessels Figures 2
and 3, the dies in which they are fashioned are engraved with the desired pattern,
the vessels in this case being shaped and ornamented at one process. When
however the vessel has to undergo two or more processes in order to give it the
desired shape, the last die only in which it is fashioned has the ornamental pattern,
which is to be reproduced on the vessel.
I do not limit myself to making the shaping, or shaping and ornamenting die
moveable and the closing plug fixed, as illustrated in the Drawings, as the closing
plug may be made moveable, and the die be stationary with the same effect
neither do I limit myself to the methods described of producing the required
pressure in the interior of the vessel under treatment.
The vessels shaped, or shaped and ornamented according to my Invention are
made into the bodies of tea and coffee pots, jugs, sugar basins, and the like, in the
ordinary way.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention
of "Improvements in Shaping_and Ornamenting Metals, and in Machinery or
Apparatus to be Used for those Purposes,"-
First. Shaping and ornamenting metallic vessels or articles having a globular
or bulbous figure or other figure, by first raising in dies in the ordinary way
cylindrical or nearly cylindrical vessels having at their open tops a wide conical
flange or mouth, placing each of the said vessels in a compound plain or
ornamented die, the conical flange of the vessel fitting the mouth of the die ;
next closing the mouth of the vessel by means of a conical plug which is made
to fit against the conical flange, and form between it and the said plug a liquid
or gas tight joint, and finally supplying to and filling the said vessel with water
or other liquid or fluid under pressure, so as to force the vessel to take the figure
of the die, substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Secondly. The construction and arrangement of the parts of the machinery or
apparatus herein before described and illustrated in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
and 11 of the accompanying Drawings to be used in the shaping or shaping and

page_text: ornamenting of metals by the process or combination of processes claimed in the
preceding claim.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mark Moses Eaves, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
MARK MOSES EAVES. (LS.)