IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR CUTTING CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL FORMS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Matthew Trattles, of Staithes, in the Parish of
Inderwill, in the County of York, Tool Maker, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR CUTTING CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL FORMS,"
Sealed the 30th June 1857, and dated the 6th January 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Matthew Trattles at the
Office of the "Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1857.
I, MATTHEW TRATTLES, of Staithes, in the Parish of Inderwill, in the "ounty
of York, Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR CUTTING CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL FORMS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improved means of reducing wood and other
materials to cylindrical forms, and of giving the same when required a taper
form at the extremity; the main object of the Invention being to facilitate the
shaping up of broom handles, cedar and other pencils, and other like cylin-
drical articles For the manufacture of the larger class of cylindrical articles I
avail m, self of the rotary motion of a lathe. 1 he mandril I make hollow to
receive the wood to be cut, and the front end of this central opening I make
conical or bell-mouthed. In the side of the mandril I form a diagonal recess,:
which is sufficiently deep to expose the interior of the mandril, and to permit.
Price 8d1

page_text: of the edge of a flat blade or cutter projecting therein. This blade I secure
in its place by clamping screws, which are slackened to permit of its adjustment
or removal for sharpening. Rotary motion being given to this mandril, the
wood to be turned down is inserted therein and pressed forward, when the
diagonal blade will by its rapid rotation reduce the wood to the required
form. For cutting out small articles I propose to modify a clasp knife so
that its blade shall act in the manner of the diagonal cutter. On one side of
the handle I form a conical tabular guide to receive the wood; this guide is
set diagonally to the blade,and it is cut away so as to allow of the edge of the
blade projecting into the guide. The blade I hold fast by a sliding stop piece,
and it is then ready to act on the wood or other substance to be cut. The
wood reduced to a suitable size is inserted in the tubular guide, and an axial
motion being given to it, together with an end pressure, the wood is quickly
reduced to the required shape. By giving the guide the form of conical
recess the knife will cut a conical point upon the wood or other substance
applied thereto. In the opposite side of the handle to that which carries the
guide is a slot, to permit of the discharge of the shavings from the tool.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Matthew Trattles in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th July 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MATHEW
TATTLES of Staithes, in the Parish of Inderwill, in the County of York, lool
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Matthew rattles, Her special license that I, the said Matthew Trattles, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Matthew
Trattles, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS
FOR CUTTING CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL FORMS," upon the condition (amongst
others that I, the said Matthew Trattles, by an instrument in writing under

page_text: my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
per-
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Matthew Trattles, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon. (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to improved means of reducing wood and other
materials to cylindrical forms, and of giving the same when required a taper
form at the extremity: the main object of the Invention being to facilitate the
sha ing up of broom handles, trenails for ships, cedar and other pencils, and
other like cylindrical articles. For the manufacture of the larger class of
cylindrical articles I avail myself of the rotary motion of a lathe, but for
shaping articles of a smaller size the tool may be rotated by hand. The
mandril I make hollow to receive the wood to be cut, and the front end of
this central opening I make conical or bell-mouthed. In the side of the
mandril I form a diagonal recess, which is sufficiently deep to expose the
interior of the mandril and to permit of the edge of a flat blade or blades pro-
jecting therein. These blades I secure in place by clamping screws, which are
slackened to permit of their adjustment or removal for sharpening. On the
insertion of the wood which is to be turned down while rotary motion is given
to the mandril, the wood will be rapidly reduced to a cylindrical form, and it
may be afterwards pointed if required by a slightly modified -rrangement of
the tool.
In the accompanying Drawing, Figures 1, 2, and shew my Invention as
applied to a lathe, Fig. 1 being so much of a lathe as will serve to explain the
nature of my improvements; Fig. 2, a longitudinal central section of the same;
and Fig. 3, a cross section, taken in the line 1, 2, of the former Figures. a, a, is
a hollow mandril mounted in bearings on a frame attached to the bed of the
lathe. This mandril is bell-mouthed to facilitate the insertion of the wood or
other material to be operated upon. In the mandril longitudinal diagonal
slots or eyes b, b, are made to permit of the insertion of knives or cutters c, c,
the edges of which lie across (in contradistinction to parallel with) the axis
of the mandril. It will be seen in the Drawing that I have adapted two
knives to the mandril, but one only or more than two may he used with
advantage. Keyed on the mandril is a pulley d, which receives a band or

page_text: strap from a pulley actuated by a treadle or other means, and thus commu-
nicates a rapid rotary motion to the mandril, and the knives or cutters attached
thereto. These knives are slotted to receive the screws by which they are
secured to the mandril, and they thus admit of adjustment to suit the work in
hand, and to allow for the wearing away of the blade. The wood or other
inaterial to be operated upon having been reduced to a suitable size to permit
of its admission into the mandril. and rotary motion having been imparted to
the mandril, the wood is inserted into the bell mouth or conical bore of the
mandril and pressed up to the cutters. By reason of the peculiar setting of
these cutters, it will be seen that the reduction of the wood from its normal
to its ultimate diameter will be graduated, somewhat after the manner of
turning with an advancing tool, as the edge of the fixed cutters at the inner
end is nearer the axis of the mandril than at the outer end. As the operation
proceeds, the shaving produced will escape through the diagonal slots or eyes
in the mandril. A rest fis attached to the headstock or framing to facilitate
the finishing of the ends of broom handle and other such like articles that
may require to be finished by hand.
Figures 4 and 5 shew, in side view and cross section, the tool constructed for
hand use, and Fig. 5* is a plan view of the same. In this example only one
blade c is used, but attached to the tube or mandril a is a pair of handles e, e,
for imparting the axial motion thereto.
.
Fig. 6 shews, in edge view, a clasp or pocket knife fitted according to this
Invention, and applicable to the cutting of cylindrical forms; Fig. 7 is a
longitudinal section. taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 6; Fig. is also a
a longi-
tudinal section, one side of the handle being removed to she w the knife blade
and the stops for fixing it in position; and Fig. 9 is a cross section, taken in
the line 3, 4, of Fig. 7. a is an ordinary knife blade, jointed to the handle b
as usual, and notched at the stem to receive a spring stop c, which is intended
to keep the blade steady while open, and used as an ordinary knife blade.
On one side of the handle is formed a conical tubular guide d to receive the
wood to be operated upon. This guide is set diagonally to the blade, and it is
cut away on its inner side so as to allow of the edge of the blade projecting
into the guide. The blade is held fast in its closed position by a sliding stop
piece a fitted in the lower end of the handle, and it is then ready to act on the
wood or other substance to be cut. The wood reduced to a suitable size is
inserted in the tubular guide, and an axial motion being given to it, together
with an end pressure, the wood is quickly reduced to the required shape, as in
the before-described arrangements, the knife blade forming in this instance
the diagonal cutter. In the opposite side of the handle to that which carries

page_text: the guide is a slot, to permit of the discharge of the shavings from the tool.
By giving the guide the form of a conical recess the knife will cut a conical
point upor: the wood or other substance applied thereto. This modification
of my Invention is shewn in edge view, side section, and cross section at
Figs. 10, 11, and 12, in which the same letters of reference are used to
refer to corresponding parts in the last-described arrangement.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "improvements in tools
for cutting cylindrical and conical forms, and explained the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part
recited Letters Patent I claim adapting a blade or blades to a conical guide
as described for facilitating the cutting of cylindrical and conical forms,
In witness whereof, I, the said Matthew Trattles, have hereunto set my
haud and seal, the Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
5
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Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
MATTHEW TRATTLES. (L.S.)