IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MANUFAC TURING LOZENGES, WAFERS, OR PASTILLES OF PASTY MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Jules Derriey, of Paris, France, (Mecha-
nician,) for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MANUFAC
TURING LOZENGES, WAFERS, OR PASTILLES OF PASTY MATERIALS."
Sealed the 8th September 1857, and dated the 12th March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Jules Derriey at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th March 1857.
I, JOSEPH JULES DERRIEY, of Paris (France), Mechanician, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
MANUFACTURING LOZENGES, WAFERS, OR PASTILLES OF PASTY MATERIALS," to
be as follows:-
The Invention consists in certain mechanical arrangements for manu-
facturing lozenges, wafers, or pastilles from any suitable pasty materials,
at the same time impressing on them, on one or both sides, any suitable
marks. The paste is carried forward by suitable rollers turning in a
suitable framework, and the paste is thus formed into a sheet or layer
of the required thickness, from which the lozenges are then cut out
by means of suitable cutters fixed in holes on the outside of a revolving
cylinder and pushed outwards by suitable springs, whereas the sheet
of paste resting on a sliding piece, in which are inserted suitable dies

page_text: fixed flush with the surface of the sliding piece, and each of them
exactly opposite the already-mentioned cutters, and the paste travelling
between the cylinder and the gliding piece, has thus the lozenges cut
out by the cutters and dies, the entire receiving motion from any suit-
able prime mover. As by this method certain parts of the paste are
not acted upon by the cutters and dies, I have adjoined an arrangement,
consisting of a hollow cylinder, or other suitable receiver, for the paste,
in which this latter is pushed forward by a piston, so that at each
time a certain portion of the paste is caused to protrude through a hole
corresponding in form with that to be given to the lozenge; a cylinder
revolves before this opening, and is provided with hollow dies, pushed
forward by suitable springs, at each time the cylinder makes one-half
of a revolution, a suitable quantity of the paste is pushed in the dic,
which is at that moment, opposite the opening of the paste holder, and
this portion of the paste is cut off by a knife. Suitable rollers are
adapted for putting flour or other drying material over the lozenges,
in order that they do not stick together when falling successively from
the hollow dies on endless bands by which they are carried off. The
entire machine may be driven by hand, or by any suitable prime mover.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent,
filed by the said Joseph Jules Derriey in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th September 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, JOSEPH
JULES DERRIEY, of Paris, Mechanician, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Joseph Jules Derriey, Her special licence that
I, the said Joseph Jules Derriey, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Jules Derriey, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING LOZENGES, WAFERS, OR PASTILLES OF PASTY
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph
Jules Derriey, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Jules Derriey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The Invention relates to machines for manufacturing lozenges, wafers,
or pastilles from any suitable pasty materials, permitting to impress
thereon letters, ornaments, or any other suitable marks; and in this
latter respect one of the machines is applicable also to the printing and
cutting out of address cards, directions, and other similar impressions
of a small compass. In order to make the Invention more easily under-
stood, I will in this description refer to the annexed Drawings, in which
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal sectional view of the machine; Fig. 2,
a front view; and Fig. 3, the side view of a detached part thereof, this
latter Fige in actual size. The Fig. 4 represents a longitudinal sectional
view of a modification of the original arrangement, Fig. 5
being a front view of the said modification. In the Figures
1, 2, and 3, corresponding parts are indicated by the same
letters of reference; the same is the case in respect to the
Figures 4 and 5. The machine consists of a strong cast-
iron frame A, on which three pairs of rollers B and B', B2 and B³, B
and B, and also a cylinder C, revolve in suitable bearings; a table D
serves bearing the paste E to be introduced between the rollers
B.....
. B³, from which the lozenges or other articles to be cut or
stamped out are to be manufactured. The rollers B... B5 revolve
in proper direction by suitable wheels gearing into each other, and
receiving motion from the main arbor. The cylinder C serves for the
cutting out of the lozenges from the paste. This cylinder is provided
over a portion of its length with a longitudinal slit F, traversing through
its entire diameter; on both ends of this slit, towards the periphery of
the cylinder, is introduced a rule G, provided with proper apertures
for small pistons H to glide in, each of which pistons is fitted with a
tail, gliding in suitable apertures in a cross bar K, extending from
end to end of the cylinder, and having its ends introduced in a proper
groove of guide pieces fixed to the frame of the machine; each tail h
is further enclosed in a small tube n, fixed by a screw in the end of each
tail . This arrangement allows to the pistons H of revolving with the
cylinder C, they being at the same time guided in their motion towards
the periphery of the said cylinder; a helical spring s is coiled round

page_text: the tails of each two opposite pistons H, pressing with their ends
against the flanges of the said tubes, and thus constantly pushing the
pistons towards the periphery of the cylinder C. L is a vertical frame,
gliding up and down in two vertical grooves in the side pieces of the
frame of the machine; a plate N fits in the face of L, and to the under
side of this plate are fitted the punches P, which have to press the
paste in the holes of the cylinder, and thus cut out the lozenges; these
punches must consequently correspond with great exactitude with the
respective pistons in opposition to which they have to act. The plate
or holder N for the punches is moveable, turning on proper hinges,
so as to allow, if required, of changing the punches and replacing them
by others, the punches being kept in their seats by the screws 7. p is
a plate, through which the punches P project through proper
perforations, thus preventing that the paste should remain adhering to
the punches.
The paste is pushed forward and rolled out to the
required thickness by the rollers B.
B³. are longitudinal
boxes extending over the entire length of the rollers B
B³, and
containing flour for powdering over the surface of the upper rollers B,
B, B, which are covered with any suitable felted material, and thereby
deliver the flour to the paste in order to prevent this latter from sticking
to the punches; a wire gauze is inserted in the boxes, which latter are
open on the under side, and a hopping motion being imparted to them
by the teeth of the wheels R fixed to the rollers, the flour is obliged to
fall on the said upper rollers B, B, and B', whereas the lower rollers
B', B, and B revolve in a trough S containing flour, which is conse-
quently taken up by the said rollers. T is an endless cloth for carrying
off the remainder of the layer of paste after the lozenges have been
punched out therefrom; this cloth is guided by two rollers T'. U is a
board gliding over two horizontal rules m, which board is drawn forward
by an endless chain U₁ passing over the rollers U; the lozenges fall
from the cylinder C on this board U in proportion as they are manu-
factured; when sufficiently full, the board is removed and replaced by
another. V is the main arbor, fitted at one end with a fly wheel V, and
at the other with a winch handle V, and a pinion V gearing in
a wheel V, to which is fixed excentrically a crank pin V³, connected
by a rod V to the lever arm V, having its fulcrum in Y, and the other
arm Vs of which is provided with a catch V, acting in the teeth of the
ratchet wheel V, which latter is in gear with the pinion V", fitted
on the arbor of the cylinder C, the entire being calculated in such
manner, that at each motion of the lever V the cylinder C performs
one half revolution; on the arbor of the wheel V', but at the other
end thereof, is fitted a crank with pin, connected by the rod V¹³ to

page_text: the bell-crank levers V and V, by means of which a to-and-fro
motion is imparted in the vertical direction to the punch-holder N. On
the other end of the shaft of the ratchet wheel V is fixed a wheel VI
gearing with the wheel V, which latter gives motion to the wheel V18
fixed on the axis of the upper roller B', all the other rollers being
connected by suitable gearing to this latter, so as to impart to each
of them the degree of velocity required for suitably rolling out the
paste and causing the same to advance. V is a roller for giving motion
to the endless chain V, which latter serves for imparting motion to
the endless cloth T and the endless chain U' of the board Uy
The mode of acting of this arrangement is as follows:-A layer of
paste being laid on the feeding table D, and motion being given by the
winch handle V2, the paste passes successively between the three pairs
of rollers B.....
.B; which rolls it out to a layer of the thickness the
lozenges are to have; flour is given to both surfaces of the said layer
by the rollers B
B; the layer arrives under the punches P,
which latter falling down on the corresponding pistons of the cylinder
cut out the lozenges from the paste E, thereby depressing the said
pistons and also the cross bar K, the ends of which thereby being intro-
duced under a spring e in a circular groove e' in the guides this
cross bar, and consequently also the corresponding pistons, are thus
prevented from being thrown out towards the periphery of the cylinder
C, until this cylinder, having performed one-half of a revolution, "the
ends of the cross bar K come in the opening e, when the helical spring s
at once pushes the cross bar K and the pistons H towards the periphery
of the cylinder C, so that the lozenge falls down on the board U, having
on one surface received an impression from the punch and 'on the other
from the piston head. During this half revolution of the cylinder C
the punch-holder N has been carried back to its elevated position, and
thus is ready to begin the same operation again; the board U. at each
revolution of the cylinder as much as is exactly required for leaving
space for the lozenges to lay down on this board, which when sufficiently
filled is replaced by another empty one; as for the remainder of the
paste out of which the lozenges have been cut, this is carried: byi the
endless cloth T to a box placed before the machine. As this remainder
of the paste is to be worked up again in lozenges, I have made tal modifi-
cation to the machine just described, which modification is represented
in the Figs. 4 and 5. The same consists of a cast-iron frame A, carrying
cylinder B, nearly similar to that C, of Figs. 1, 2, and 3, provided in the
same manner as this latter, with the pistons C. On the periphery of
the cylinder B, midway between the two sets of pistons C, are two
furrows D, in each of which revolves a roller D', covered with cloth

page_text: or felt; a frame E, similar to that L of the original apparatus, is
situated in a horizontal position, so that the punches E¹ glide in a
horizontal direction instead of in a vertical, as in the original arrange-
ment. The part carrying the punches E' may. be turned up on suitable
hinges, in order to allow of replacing, if required, the punches by others.
F is a metal box, of an elongated square form, serving as a reservoir
for the paste, and having its upper side moveable, forming a lid for the
box, the front part of which is provided with a set of funnel-shaped
apertures F', corresponding at the exit with the periphery of the
pistons C; this front part is moveable, and inserted in two grooves, in
order to allow of being removed and replaced by another, if, for
instance, another form of lozenges is to be manufactured, in which case
the pistons and the punches have also to be changed accordingly. The
back G of the box F is made as a piston gliding in the interior of the
box by means of the screw G.. H is a roller, revolving and receiving
on its surface, covered with felt, the flour which falls down from a
reservoir A'; I is an endless cloth, turning over two rollers I', and
on which cloth the lozenges fall down after being manufactured,
and are thus carried to a board placed on another endless
cloth J; K is a knife, the length of which corresponds with
that of the cylinder B, which knife or cutter receives a
vertical to-and-fro motion by two parallel levers K¹; L is the main
or driving shaft, one end of which carries a fly wheel Z and a pinion L¹,
and the other end a winch handle L2; M is a shaft carrying the excen-
tricums that have to transmit motion to the various parts of the
machine; this shaft M receives its motion from the wheel M', gearing
with the pinion L'; one end of this shaft carries a crank for giving the
required to-and-fro motion by means of the rod O to the lever arm O',
having its fulcrnm in 0%, whereas to the other end is connected a catch
or paul O, acting in the teeth of the ratchet wheel P, the motion of
which latter is transmitted to the pinion P1, fixed to the arbor of the
cylinder B, and thus causes this latter at each stroke to make one half
revolution; the other end of the shaft M is provided with an excen-
tricum g, the curvature of which is calculated in such manner, that by
means of a suitable connecting rod g' and crank arm g, the punch frame
E and the paste box F are caused to act in proper time, and are after
wards carried back to their former position in order to allow to the
cylinder B of performing its revolution. N is another excentricum,
fixed to the shaft M, for giving the required to-and-fro motion to the
balance beam N by means of the crank N, the pin of which works in
a groove N³ in the arm N', whereas the opposite arm N of this beam

page_text: .in
carries a catch O' acting in the teeth of the wheel Q, which latter
carries its motion over to the pinion Q', on the axis of which is fixed
the endless screw or worm R³, gearing in the worm wheel R, forming
nut on the screw R of the piston G of the paste box, the entire being
arranged in such manner as to cause this piston to advance, and thus
push the paste out of the funnel-shaped apertures of the paste box
into the openings in the cylinder B, after which the piston G, and
accordingly the paste, remains stationary during the remainder of the
half revolution of the cylinder B; S is another excentricum, also fixed
on the shaft M, which by means of a lever arm S' causes the shaft S
to revolve, on which latter S are keyed the levers K', to the ends of
which is fixed the knife K; T is a wheel fixed to the side of the wheel.P,
and gearing with the wheel T', thereby causing the endless cloth I to
advance at each revolution a quantity of paste equal to the bulk of the
lozenges manufactured at each stroke. The mode of acting of this
apparatus is following-A lump of paste having been introduced i
the paste box F before the piston G, the winch handle L is turned,
which causes the shaft M to revolve, and by means of the above-described.
connecting parts N, N, R and R causes the piston G to advance during
only the required small portion of the revolution of this shaft M; the
piston G thus forces the paste to protrude through the funnel-shaped
openings F in the openings left in the cylinder B above the piston
heads C, these latter having receded some little in the interior of the
cylinder at the moment the openings of this latter arrive opposite to the
paste; the piston G then ceases to push the paste forward, the knife K
then rises rapidly and separates the lozenges from the remainder of the
paste; the knife K then falls down in its former position, the box I
and the punch-holder E both recede through a small space by means of
the excentricum g and its connecting rods and levers, thus allowing to
the cylinder B to perform one half of a revolution, during which rotation
the pieces of paste severed from the bulk, and which pieces had remained
in the piston holes, pass under the roller H, where they get covered
on one surface with flour, after which by the rotation of the cylinder;
they come exactly opposite the punch-holder E. It must be observed
here, that before the paste is pushed in the piston holes, the surface of
the paste protruding at the funnel-shaped aperture F¹ (and which
surface is to be one of the surfaces of the lozenges) is covered with
flour, by the roller D rubbing against this surface by the revolution of
the cylinder B. In this manner one surface of the lozenges gets the
flour from the roller D and the other surface from the roller H. The
cylinder now continues its revolution; the lozenges now arrive opposite
the punches E', which latter, by the motion of the punch-holder frame:E,
1

page_text: comes to push against the lozenges, and thus impress thereon on the
.surface opposite to that on which the piston heads leave their impres
sion; the, punches then immediately recede to their former position,
whereas the cylinder continues its revolution and carries the lozenges
on the endless band I. During this operation the box F has resumed
its original position, and the punches again will repeat the same series
of operations. The manner in which the endless screws push the pistons
forward, and thus liberate the lozenges, is exactly the same as has been
described in the original arrangement. The endless cloth I carries the
lozenges to a board on another endless band or chain J. When the
entire lump of paste of the box F has been in this manner converted
into Jozenges, the piston is quickly brought back to the end of the box,
and another lump of paste being introduced therein the machine may
at once continue to work.
I have to add here, that the mechanical arrangement described in
Figs: 1, 2, and 3 may serve for printing on one or both sides on bands
or strips of paper or cardboard, and at the same time cut off suitable
parts therefrom, in order to form address cards, directions, and similar
small impressions.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the nianner
in which the same is put into operation, I declare that I do not intend
to confine or restrict myself to the precise details of the mechanical
arrangements here above described, as many variations may be made
therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of
the said Invention; but what I claim as my Invention consists in the
general arrangement of the machines above described for manufacturing
lozenges, wafers, pastilles, or other similar articles of pasty materials.
"In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Jules Derriey, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of September, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.