Improvements in Consecutive View Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Oct., 1899-Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Consecutive View Apparatus.
I, ELIAS BERNARD KOOLMAN, of 18 and 19, Great Windmill Street, near
Piccadilly Cucus, London, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement.
My invention relates generally to improvements in consecutive view apparatus,
and particularly to improvements in consecutive view cameras and projecting
apparatus My invention consists in the use, in consecutive view apparatus, of
a removable case containing supply and winding up icels, and suitable guides
and feeding devices for the film or picture stup, adapted, when placed in the
apparatus, to be connected with suitable diving mechanism, in the novel means
omploved for receiving the stiain upon the film produced by the fictional
diving device which dives the winding up reel, in the novel means employed
for preventing undue strain upon the filmi through the intermittent action of
the feeding mechanism, and gencially in the novel combination, construction,
and aangement of the parts
The objects of my invention aie, to facilitate the removal of films or picture
strips from consecutive view apparatus, and the substitution of other films or
picture strips, to avoid injury to the film from the stiain imposed thereon by
the intermittent operation of the feeding mechanism, to prevent the transmission
of the stiain produced by the inding up reel to that portion of the film lying
within the field of exposure, and to make the apparatus simple, compact, dur-
able, and comparatively inexpensive
These objects are attained in the invention herein described and illustrated
in the diawings which accompany and form a part of this specification, in which
the same reference numerals indicate the same or coresponding parts, and in
which.
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the apparatus taken through
the optical axis; Figure 2 is a cross section of the tough through which the
film o picture stup passes, taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1. and Figure 3
is a detail horizontal section of the film feeding mechanism
In the drawings, 10 is the outer case of a consecutive view projecting
apparatus, 11 the objective lens thereof, 12 a light opening in rear of the case,
concentric with the optical axis, and 13 a shelf, (the greater portion of which
has been broken away,) upon which a suitable projecting lantern may be placed
14 18 a film box or case located within the case 10 and supported by suitable
guides 15, 15, 80 constructed that said case 14 may be removed through the side
of the case 10, by simply sliding it out from its guides or supports The film
case is provided with a stud 16 for calling a supply eel 17, and a hollow shaft
or bushing 18, mounted in bearings in the sides of the film case, for carrying a
winding-up reel 19.
It is
20 is a guide pulley over which the film o picture stup may pass
mounted within a trough 21, located in the path of the film, the internal width
of which is only very slightly greater than that of the film or picture strip.

page_text: 22, 22, are a series of studs aanged in zig-zag fashion, and over which the
film or picture strip may pass on its way to the winding-up reel
The purpose
of these studs is to prevent the strain upon the film, produced by the tendency
of the winding up reel to revolve, from being transmitted to that portion of the
film which is in the optical field The studs are in effect, and may be termed,
Bubbing posts
23 and 24 are two segmental feed 1ollers for feeding the film forward inter-
mittently, one of which, 24, projects through an opening in the front of the
case 14 The major portion of the face of each of these olleis is cut ay as
shown, leaving a working surface extending through only a portion of the cu-
cumference of each 1oller
Roller 23 18 mounted in bearings in the sides of the case 14, and is provided
with a key-way adapted to engage a key upon a diving shaft 25, when the
case 14 18 in place in the apparatus. The shaft 25 projects through the side
of the case 10 as indicated in Figure 3 To the outer end of the shaft may be
secured a device, such as a pulley wheel, for transmitting power to said shaft
from a suitable source of power
Rollei 24 18 mounted upon and keyed to a shaft 26 parallel to shaft 25, and
having beatings in the frame-work of the case 10 Shaft 26 18 diven hom the
shaft 25 by means of two sciew gears 27 and 28 Gear 27 18 fust upon shaft 25,
but gear 28 is laterally movable upon shaft 20, transmitting motion to said shaft
by means of a key 29
It has a grooved hub engaged by a voke 30, mounted
upon a lock shaft 31, which projects through the fiont of the case 10, and is
provided with an operating handle 32
A shutter shaft 33, caving a shutter 34, is mounted in bearings in the fame
of the case 10, and is diven by bevel geais from the shaft 26
When the film case 14 18 placed within the caso 10, a shaft 35 passes through
the bushing 18 upon which the winding up spool 19 is mounted, and engages
said bushing by means of a suitable key This shaft is duiven from shaft 25
by means of pulleys 36 and 37, a belt 38, and an adjustable fictional device 39,
which permits pulley 37 to ship upon the shaft 25 when all slack in the film bas
been taken up.
One side 40 of the case 14 18 removable, but the bearings of the 1ollei 23 and
bushing 18 in the other side of said case are sufficient to support them when
the side 40 of the case 18 removed
In the ends of the case 14 are two light openings 41 and 42 concentric with
the optical axis of the apparatus when the case 14 18 placed therein. The open-
ing 42 is surrounded by a piesser frame 43, pressed toward the front of the case
by springs 44, as shown in Figure 2
The operation of the apparatus 18 as follows
In practice each cameia on projecting apparatus will be provided with a
number of removable film or picture strip boxes 14, which will be prepared for
use before they are placed in the camera or projecting apparatus Each of
these boxes is prepared for use by placing a reel of unexposed film or reel of
picture strip, upon the stud 10, and carving the end of said strip through the
rough 21, over the roller 20, between the presser plato 43 and the front of
the case 14, in front of the roller 23, around the zig-zag studs 22, and securing
the end of the film to an empty winding-up reel 19 mounted upon the bushing 18
The film box is then closed When it 18 desued to expose the film in said box,
or to exhibit the pictures upon the picture stip therein, said box is placed in
the camera, or exhibiting apparatus, as the case may be, the 1olle 23 fitting over
the shaft 25, and the bushing 18. caring the winding up reel 19, fitting over
the shaft 35 The shape of the 10ll 24 is such that when the portion of said 10]!
which 18 of less diameter than the working portion thereof is toward the front
of the box 14, said box may be put in place; and then, when the shaft 25 18
rotated, the working portion of said roll 24 passes through the opening in the
face of the box.

page_text: The 1otation of the diving shaft 25 may then be commenced The rollers 23
and 24 in revolving diaw the stup tiom the reel 17 intermittently, and feed the
same downward, and as this stip is fed downward it 18 wound up by the wind-
up ieel 19, which slips whenever the stip is diawn taut The studs or snubbing
posts 22 prevent the transmission of the stiain on the film so produced to that
portion of the film which is in the optical field
Since the stip is drawn from the icel 17 by 1ollers 23 and 24 intermittently,
excessive strain might be placed upon the film by the sudden jerking forward
of successive portions thereof, were it not for the cushioning action of the an
imprisoned between that portion of the stup lying within the trough 21 and
the top of said trough The trough, with the film, together form in effect an
an cushion. When the film 18 diawn taut by the rollers 23 and 24 the air
between the film and the top of the trough 21 passes out around the sides of
the film, but in so dong affords a certain amount of resistance to the taking up
of the slack, which prevents excessive stiain upon the film when said slack has
been taken up
In consecutive view projecting apparatus in which the film is fed for waid
frictionally, as is the case in this apparatus, it is desuable to provide means
foi vaiving the length of film fed forward at each operation of the intermit-
tently acting projecting apparatus, to compensate for slipping of the film, or
change in its length due to atmospheric conditions, unequal shinkage during
development, or other causes The screw gears 27 and 28, together with the
devices for moving the gear 28 Laterally with respect to the gear 27, constitute
such a device for varying the length of film fed forward each time the feeding
apparatus operates on the film: for when the gear 28 18 moved laterally, the
effect of such movement is to move the 1ollei 24 backward or forward, according
to the duection in which the gear 28 18 moved, with reference to its companion
1oller 23 That is to say, by moving the gear 28 upon its shaft, the 1ollei 24,
18 given a certain amount of angula advance varving with the position of the
gear 28 The effect of this angular advance is to vary the length of the period,
in each evolution of the two rolleis 23 and 24, during which both are in con-
tact with the film, thus varying the length of film fed forward at each revolution
of said 1oller.
Film cases 14 intended for use in consecutive view cameras will either be
made without the rear opening 41, 1, if provided with such opening, it will
be closed in a suitable manner before exposing the charged case to actinio light
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same 18 to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a case, removable
from the apparatus, containing devices for delivering and taking up a film or
picture strip and for guiding the same though the field of the apparatus, and
containing also a stip feeding device provided with means for engaging a dir-
mg device, of continuously operating diving mechanism external to and inde-
pendent of said case which engages and dives such stip feeding device when
the case is in place in the apparatus, substantially as described
2 In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a case, removable
from the apparatus, containing supply and winding-up reels, and guides for
guiding a flexible picture stup on film through the held of the apparatus, and
containing also a strip feeding device provided with means for engaging a div
ing device, of continuously operating diving mechanism external to and inde-
pendent of said case which engages and dives such strip feeding device when
the case 18 in place in the apparatus, substantially as described
3 In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a case, removable
from the apparatus, containing supply and winding-up reels. means for caly-
ing a flexible picture strip or film through the field of the apparatus, and con-

page_text: taining also a stip feeding device provided with means for engaging a diving
device, of continuously operating diving mechanism external to and indepen-
dent of said case which engages and dives such stup feeding device and the
winding-up reel when the case is in place in the apparatus, substantially as
described
+ In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with dining and feed-
ing mechanism having two shafts, adapted to drive coacting feeding 1olleis, of
a case, removable from the apparatus, containing devices for delivering and
taking up a film or picture strip and for guiding the same though the field of
the apparatus, one of said shafts projecting into said case, and coacting feeding
1ollers on said shafts, substantially as described
6 In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with diving and feed-
ing mechanism, contaming two shafts, adapted to dive coacting feeding rollers,
of a case, removable from the apparatus, containing devices for delivering and
taking up a film or picture strip and for guiding the same through the field of
the apparatus, one of said shafts projecting into the case, when the same is in
place in the apparatus, and coacting feeding rollers on said shafts, one located
within the removable case and the other projecting though an opening in
said case, substantially as described
In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with driving and feed-
ing mechanism, containing two shafts, adapted to dive coacting feeding olleis,
of a case, removable from the apparatus, containing devices for delivering and
taking up a film or picture stup and for guiding the same through the field of
the apparatus, coacting feeding 1olleis, one revolubly mounted in said case and
having a cential aperture into which one of said shafts may lie when the case
18 in place in the apparatus, the other of said olleis being mounted upon the
other of said shafts and projecting through an opening in the case, substantially
as described.
7 In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with during and feed-
ing mechanism, of a case, iemovable from the apparatus, containing means
for supplying a film on picture strip, and a revolubly mounted bushing adapted
to dive the winding-up reel, said diving mechanism containing a diving
device which engages said bushing when the case is in place in the apparatus,
substantially as descubed.
8 In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a film case, remov-
able from the apparatus, containing means for supplying a film o picture stup
and a winding-up reel, of film feeding rollers, one called by said case, a diving
device adapted to dive the roller caned by the case when the latter is in place
adapted to dive the winding-up ieel when the case is in place in the apparatus,
in the apparatus, means for driving the other 1oller, and another during device
substantially as descubed
9 A filni case for consecutive view apparatus, consisting of a box on case,
adapted to be placed in and removed from such apparatus, provided with means
for supplying and taking up a flexible film o picture stup, and for guiding
such film or picture stup, and with a feeding device which is connected with a
continuously operating diving device when the case is in place in the apparatus
substantially as described.
10 A film case for consecutive view apparatus, consisting of a box oi case,
adapted to be placed in and removed from such apparatus, provided with means
for supplying and taking up a flexible picture stiip oi film, means for guiding
such stup or film, and a feeding 1ollei, and having an opening opposite said
feeding roller through which a coacting feeding rollei may project, substantially
as described
11 A film care for consecutive view apparatus, consisting of a box or case,
adapted to be placed in and removed from such apparatus, provided with supply
and winding-up reels, means for guiding a film oi strip, and a feeding 1oller,
said feeding roller and winding-up ieel being connected to suitable continu-

page_text: ously operating driving devices when the case 18 in place in the apparatus, sub-
stantially as described.
#
12. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with means for feed-
ing the film intermittently, of a trough through which the film passes, approxi-
mating in width the width of the film, and forming with said film an air cushion,
whereby undue strain upon the film may be avoided, substantially as described.
13. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a supply reel,
feeding mechanism for feeding the film forward from said supply reel inter-
mittently, and a trough through which the film passes, approximating in width
the width of the film and toiming therewith an an cushion, whereby undue
strain upon the film may be avoided, substantially as described.
14. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a strip feeding device
for feeding a film or strip intermittently through the field of the apparatus,
which, when not so feeding the film, leaves the same fiee to move, a friction
device for holding the film stationary in the field of the apparatus when the
feeding device is not operating on said film, a winding-up ieel, and means for
driving the same at a speed corresponding to the rate of delivery of the film
thereto, of a plurality of snubbing posts about which said film may pass, after
passing through the field of exposure and before reaching the winding-up reel,
whereby transmission of strain produced by the winding-up mechanism to the
portion of the film in the field of exposure may be avoided, substantially a8
described.
15. In a consecutive view apparatus, the combination, with a strip feeding
device for feeding a film or strip intermittently through the field of the appa-
ratus, which, when not so feeding the film, leaves the same free to move, a friction
device for holding the film stationary in the field of the apparatus when the
feeding device 18 not operating on said film, a winding-up reel, and a yielding
frictional diving device therefor, of snubbing posts about which the film may
pass, inter posed between the exposure point and the winding-up 1eel, whereby
transmission of stiain produced by the winding-up mechanism to the portion
of the film in the field of exposure may be avoided, substantially as described.
Dated this 31st day of October 1809.