CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PRINTING OR OTHERWISE APPLYING AND FIXING THE COLOURING MATTER OF MADDER UPON COTTON, SILE, LINEN, AND OTHER FABRICS, WITHOUT DYEING, AND PRODUCING BY THESE MEANS PERMANENT COLOURS
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FAUQUET
DELARUE, Fils, late of Deville, near Rouen, in the Kingdom of France, but
now of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Calico Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-second day of November, in the second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her Heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Fauquet Delarue, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Fauquet Delarue, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said Fauquet Delarue, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PROCESS OF PRINTING OR OTHERWISE APPLYING AND FIXING THE COLOURING MATTER
OF MADDER UPON COTTON, SILE, LINEN, AND OTHER FABRICS, WITHOUT DYEING, AND
PRODUCING BY THESE MEANS PERMANENT COLOURS;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso that I, the said Fauquet Delarue, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
'NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Fauquet Delarue, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,

page_text: and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in the following explanation thereof, that is to say :-
My Improvements in the Process of Printing or otherwise Applying and
Fixing the Colouring Matter of Madder upon Cotton, Silk, Linen, and other
Fabrics, without Dyeing, and Producing by these means Permanent Colours,
consist in the application of extract of madder, and its various modifications, to
produce a fast red upon such fabrics and mixed fabrics, made of all or any of
the said substances.
The process for producing a fast red is partly chemical and partly mecha-
nical, and is as follows:-The extract of madder requires to be dissolved or
mixed with some solvent or liquid. After trying various solvents and liquids I
have found volatile alkali or ammonia to be the best, although various other
solvents may be employed. Various extracts of madder will produce a red, but
the one which I have found the best is colorine.
I now proceed to specify the mode of mixing the colour for printing. I take
one part extract of madder, and an equal weight of ammonia, and allow them
to remain in a close vessel for twelve hours, but the proportions of the sub-
stances and the time may be varied as experience will direct; I only state
the mode I have found best. The mixture of extract and ammonia is then
ground upon a stone or slab of marble similar to that used by mixers of oil
colours, and during this operation the thickening necessary to the printing
of the colour by cylinder or block should be added, and the grinding continued
until the whole is thoroughly mixed. The thickening may be any of the
various substances employed in colour making for printing, but I prefer
gum senegal or tragacanth; the quantity of thickening depends upon the
design. In the same way the quantity of the solution of extract of madder
depends upon the shade of red or pink required. I have used from four ounces
to sixteen ounces per gallon; of course other modes of combining the colouring
matter with the thickening may be used, and mechanical means may be
employed in place of manual labour. The mode which I have stated is
the most simple, and one which I have found to answer. The colour, made
as above, is ready for printing, and may be applied to the prepared cloths in
the usual way, either by cylinder, flat press, block, or any other mode of appli-
cation. The pieces intended for printing with the above red colour require
to be bleached, and then prepared with any of the various mordunts which
produce a red when dried with madder. I have generally used acetate
of alumine at 8° to 12° Twaddle. The pieces are to be padded with or
passed through this liquor, and dried by any of the usual modes employed
in printing of the various fabrics, then passed through a mixture of cowdung

page_text: and water of 150° of Fahrenheit. Water alone will answer; but I have found
the common dunging operation used in calico printing to produce the best
result. Wash and dry, and the cloth is ready for the application of the colour.
The mode of preparation may be varied according to the different mordants
employed, but the preparation above I have found to answer. After the pre-
pared cloth has been printed with the red colour, as before described, it must
be exposed to the action of steam by any of the various modes employed in
printing calico for such a period of time as may be found necessary. I have
used the common steam cylinders perforated with holes, round which the pieces
to be steamed are wound, the steam being admitted by the bottom of the
cylinder, and I have generally steamed the pieces for thirty-five minutes,
but the time and mode of steaming may be varied according to circumstances.
After steaming the pieces may be immediately washed off. I have, however,
where I have employed fixed alkalis in the mixing of the colour, passed the
pieces through slightly acidulated water to neutralize the alkali.
The above is the process for the application of extract of madder to produce
a fast red, which when produced may be treated in the same way as a common
madder dyed red. For the purpose of brightening or otherwise altering the
shade it may be soaped and passed through acids or chloride of lime or soda,
but these operations must be regulated by the discretion of the operator, and
according to the various colours which may be in combination with the Patent
colour.
Lastly, I desire it to be understood I do not make any claim to the Inven-
tion of the extract of madder, but simply to the application of the said extract
to the cloth by the process above described, and of which I am the Inventor,
which renders it a fast colour, and which has not hitherto been done.
In witness whereof, I, the said Fauquet Delarue, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.
FAUQUET (L.S.) DELARUE, FILS.
Taken and acknowledged by the
within-named Fauquet Delarue, at
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
as his act and deed, and by him
desired to be enrolled, this Six-

page_text: James Liddell, of the Baltic Coffee House, in the City of London, Esquire,
maketh oath and saith, that he knows and is well acquainted with Richard
Kidston, Esquire, a Magistrate of the City of Glasgow, and with the manner
and character of his handwriting; and this Deponent further saith that the
name Rich Kidston, Magistrate of City of Glasgow," set and subscribed
to the Parchment Writing hereunto annexed,. marked A (purporting to be the
Specification of a Patent granted to Fauquet Delarue, junior, for his Invention
of Certain Improvements in the Process of Printing, or otherwise Applying and
Fixing the Colouring Matter of Madder upon Cotton, Silk, Linen, and other
Fabrics, without Dyeing, and Producing by those means Permanent Colours),"
is, to the best of this Deponent's knowledge and belief, of the proper hand-
writing of the said Richard Kidston; and this Deponent further saith that
he knows the said Richard Kidston to have been a Magistrate of the City of
Glasgow aforesaid at the date of the said acknowledgment.
Inrolled the Twenty-first day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-nine..