Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1888
Complete Left, 23rd May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 29th June, 1888
RESERVE
I EDWARD LAFONE BELLHOUSE of the firm of E. T. Bellhouse and Company of
Hunt Street, Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Engineers do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates principally to apparatus in connection with hydraulic
presses for packing cotton and other textile materials, and for pressing fodder and
other goods as is well understood. In the said packing operations the first com-
pression requires comparatively little force while toward the end the pressure to
be exercised is in a rapidly increasing ratio. In the specification of an invention for
which I obtained Her Majestys Royal Letters Patent No. 4546 of the year 1886
I described an apparatus for interposing between the pumps and the press whereby an
increased pressure was brought to bear upon the ram of the press as it approached
the end of its compressing stroke, this increased pressure being effected without the
necessity for an increase of the pumping or forcing power. My present invention
relates to a similar apparatus but arranged in an improved manner so as to produce
The
a triple progressive action with an improved result in time and economy.
improved pressure intensifying apparatus consists of a cylinder containing a hollow
ram of large area. The said large ram is capable of rising and falling in the cylinder
and also slides upon another ram of smaller area which is fixed to an overhead plate
or entablature when the apparatus is arranged vertically. The said smaller ram is
bored or hollowed up the centre to permit of the passage of liquid. A pipe from the
force pump or pumps or accumulator leads to the upper end of the fixed smaller ram
and a branch pipe leads to the lower end of the cylinder containing the larger ram.
Upon the latter branch is a valve which is arranged to be kept closed against the first
ordinary pump pressure by the agency of a weight or spring. Another pipo leads
from the top of the smaller ram to the press and is fitted with a valve of similar con-
struction to the first but arranged to open at a less pressure than is the case with the
valve leading to the bottom of the cylinder. Another pipe leading from the bottom
of the cylinder also to the press is fitted with a check valve to prevent back pressure.
When the press is being operated the pressure from the force pumps or accumulator
is first directed into the top of the fixed smaller ram and thence into the interior of

page_text: the larger ram which at this point in the operation is raised in the cylinder. The
large ram is thus forced downward expelling the water in the cylinder through the
pipe leading to the press and so quickly raising the press ram thereby taking up what
is technically known as the "slack" of the bale under treatment. As the bale is
compressed the resistance and consequently the pressure in the interior of the ram
and in the pipes leading to and from the smaller fixed ram increases until it reaches
such a pitch that the resistance of the weight or spring of the valve on the pipe
leading from the smaller fixed ram is overcome and the valve is opened allowing the
direct pressure of the force pumps or accumulator to flow direct to the press and
thus increasing the pressure on the press ram. As the bale is still further compressed
the pressure in the pipes continues to increase until it becomes sufficient to open the
valve on the branch pipe leading to the lower part of the cylinder, whereby the
pressure is allowed to flow beneath the large ram and to raise it. The water in
the interior of the large ram is thus forced up the centre of the smaller fixed ram
and along the pipe leading therefrom to the press which is thereby enabled to impart
a finishing squeeze of great pressure to the bale of cotton or other compressible goods
in the press.
The ram of the packing press is thus subject to three progressive degrees
First. The pressure from the large ram in descending, in which a smaller area acts
on a larger area.
of pressure.
Second. The direct pressure of the pumps or accumulator.
Third. The pressure from the large ram in ascending in which the larger area acts
on the smaller area. These three degrees of pressure in the press are obtained without
having to increase the power from the force pump or accumulator. The pipes and
branches are fitted with the requisite check and stop valves.
Dated this 24th day of April 1888.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic Packing Apparatus.
I EDWARD LAFONE BELLHOUSE of the firm of E. T. Bellhouse and Company of
Hunt Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accom-
panying drawings
My said Invention relates to apparatus whereby I am enabled to progressively
increase the pressure in hydraulic packing presses without increasing the forcing
power of the pumps or accumulator.. In hydraulic presses used for packing cotton,
fodder and other compressible goods and materials, the first pressure required, during
which the "slack" of the bale is being taken up, is comparatively slight, but as the
bale is compressed, the pressure requisite is in a rapidly increasing ratio. To effect a
rapid taking up of the "slack" and to obtain the requisite increase of pressure toward
the end of the stroke without an increase of the forcing power is the object of my
invention.
The accompanying drawing is a sectional view of my improved apparatus. The
hollow cylinder a is bolted to a suitable foundation and is connected by stays b to a
thrust block c. A hollow trunk piston d slides in the cylinder a and upon a fixed
ram e which is bolted to the thrust block c. The rame is hollow in the centre as
shown so as to allow of the passage of liquid. The pipe leads the fluid pressure
from the force pumps or accumulator towards the apparatus. A branch y leads into
the interior of the fixed ram e and another branch leads to a valve i and thence by
the continuation ¹ to the foot of the hollow cylinder a. Another pipe leads from
the foot of the cylinder a to a pressure regulating valve k and similarly a pipe 7 leads
from the top of the fixed rain through the valve m also to the valve k. From the
valve ka pipe n extends to the press. The valves i and m which are exactly similar
are constructed as follows. Referring to the valve which is shown in section, a
seated valve o is held up against its seat and in its place by a weighted lever p pivotted
at q. By shifting the weight nearer to or further from the pivot g the valve is
held on its seat with a greater or less pressure. The valve i is loaded to a greater
extent than the valve m. The shell of the pressure reducing valve k is in the example
similar to that of the valves i and m. But the valve is so arranged as to close when a
fixed maximum of pressure has been reached. In the example the valve s is upheld
from its seat by a weighted lever t. By adjusting the weight u on the levert the
pressure is fixed at which the valve will close. To effect this closing the area of the
part is slightly less than the area of the part w. When the pressure passing through
the valve operates upon this excess of area in the part w sufficiently to push down
the valve against the resistance of the weight r, the valve is closed.
When the press
is put to work, the pressure from the force pumps or accumulator flows first through
the pipe g into the hollow fixed rame and thence into the sliding trunk d which now
descends, forcing the water in the cylinder a through the pipe j, check valve æ and

page_text: controlling valve k into the pipe n whereby it is.led to the press. The resistance to
the descent of the trunk d increases as the bale is compressed until the pressure in
the ram e and pipe / reaches such a pitch that it opens the valve m against the resis-
tance of the weight r and allows the pressure to flow through the pipe and con-
trolling valve to the press which is now worked at a slower rate by the direct
pump or accumulator pressure. The pressure in the pipes continues to rise until
the more heavily loaded valve i is in its turn opened by the increased pressure
which then flows into the lower part of the cylinder a. The trunk d now rises
and the water contained therein is forced through the pipe check valve y and
valve m to the press the check valve preventing return through the pipe g. This
concluding pressure is carried on until the operation is finished or until the desired
maximum of pressure is attained when the valve & becomes closed.
The ram of the press is thus subject to three different and progressive degrees of
pressure.
(1st) The pressure due to the descent of the trunk d in the ram a in which the
pump or accumulator pressure acts through a small area upon a larger area.
(2nd) The direct pump or accumulator pressure.
(3rd) The pressure due to the ascent of the trunk d in the cylinder a in which the
pump or accumulator pressure acts through a larger area upon a small area.
I thus obtain three progressive degrees of pressure from the same initial forcing
pump or accumulator power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is -
(1) The general arrangement construction and combination of hydraulic packing
apparatus for the purposes and substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
(2) In hydraulic packing apparatus the cylinder a the hollow sliding trunk d and
the fixed hollow ram e arranged and acting for the purposes and in the manner
hereinbefore described and illustrated.
(3) In hydraulic packing apparatus, the cylinder a the hollow sliding trunk d and
the fixed hollow ram e in combination with the valves i. m and k connected to the
apparatus and to the force pumps or accumulator and press by the pipes f, g, h, j, l, n
and acting as a complete apparatus for the purposes and as described and shown.
Dated this 22nd day of May 1888.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.