Improvements in and relating to Water Closets.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Water Closets.
We, J. DUCKETT and SON LIMITED, of Sanitary Ware Works, Burnley, in the
County of Lancaster, and JAMES DUCKETT, of Woodleigh, Burnley aforesaid,
Manufacturers of Sanitary Ware, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
The first part of our invention has reference to an invention for which Letters
Patent were granted to us No. 9407 dated 4th May 1896 for "Improvements in
waste or slop water closets" also to an invention for which Letters Patent were
granted to us No. 16,676 dated July 28th 1896, for "Improvements in water
closets and urinals."
Our object is to render top-flushed water closets less costly than hitherto, to
make them less complicated, and also more sanitary.
According to this part of our invention, top flush water closets i.e. such as
have the tipper box and tipper raised above the floor level are combined with a
closet pedestal. In this form of closet we also employ an improved cover for
the tipper box, having the underside dished, so as to make room for the under-
side of tipper in tilting, thus dispensing with the necessity of making closet floor
below yard floor. We provide the outlet end of sink waste pipe, which discharges
the sink water into the tipper box with a hinged flap to prevent noxious gases
from entering the dwelling and for the same purpose a hinged flap may also be
fitted to inlet of closet basin, or if preferred a trap may be fixed between basin a
and outlet of container c.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan; Fig. 2 is a longi-
tudinal section Fig. 3 is a plan of cover; and Fig. 4 is a cross section of the
apparatus.
a is a pedestal closet, which may have any suitable form of trap. 6 is a tilting
tank, and e its container. d is a perforated channelled cover for same.
Tilting tank is mounted in the ordinary manner having trunnions to work in
open recesses or steps as desired. Container & may be of any desired form to
carry the tilting tank.
e is the sink, f its waste pipe, and g hinged flap, which is to prevent foul or
cold air entering the dwelling.
h and are connecting pipes between container and closet basin. i is
hinged flap to prevent foul air passing forward from basin.
a
To increase efficiency of flush, feed pipe h¹ tapers from socket to outlet.
Channel is large enough to receive flushing water, and to produce a strong
whirlpool motion, and thereby prevent splashing of the person using the closet.
By this arrangement the flushing rini is dispensed with.
In order to economise vertical space, we hollow out underside of cover d to
make room for the back of tipper when tilted. By this arrangement, we dis-
pense with the necessity of making closet floor below yard floor.

page_text: Trap of basin a is wholly above closet floor.
We do not bind ourselves to place all the parts precisely as and where shewn
on drawings, as both sink, tipper, and pedestal may (on the lines laid down) be
somewhat varied to suit circumstances.
For instance, instead of closet being built against the dwelling as shewn in
Fig. 1, it may be fixed at any desired distance from it, and connecting pipes
about three inches diameter may be fixed against the adjoining walls to conduct
the flushing water to the closet. These pipes may be of any suitable material,
but we prefer strong wrought iron galvanized pipes and socket joints.
Fig. 5 shews a mode of conducting slop-water into closet, when the latter is
situate some distance from the dwelling. The feed pipes may be supported by
clips on corbels, brick pillars, or in any other suitable manner.
The second part of our invention relates to improvements in the arrangement
and construction of slop-water closets flushed without the aid of a tilting vessel,
and also to an invention for which Letters Patent were granted to us No. 9407
dated May 4th 1896 for improvements in waste or slop water closets, also to an
invention for which Letters Patent were granted to us No. 16,676 dated
July 28th 1896 for "Improvements in water closets and urinals."
Our object is to make them more sanitary than hitherto.
For this purpose, we fix a special pedestal closet, which has an open channel
formed at the back and partly on one side of basin to receive the flushing water.
The inlet to basin is at the side, but instead of inlet being placed at one (or both)
sides of basin, it may be at the top, or back, when the level and other circum-
stances will permit. The arrangement of inlet may be applied to either slop or
fresh water closets.
This inlet and channel cause a powerful swirling motion to the flushing
water, and prevent splashing of the person using the closet.
In order to shew the construction of the apparatus, we annex drawings,
Sheet 2. Fig. 7 is a plan, Fig. 8 a cross section, and Fig. 9 a longitudinal
section.
A is a pedestal, B the sink, and E are connecting pipes. F is a special dis-
connecting block. fitted with a perforated cover G. H is a perforated grate
about four inches diameter, so as to admit of waste water rapidly passing through
it to produce a good flush in the closet basin.
The fall from sink outlet to closet inlet is shewn about eighteen inches, which
produces a good flush in our arrangement.
When the closet is fixed a considerable distance from sink as shewn in Fig. 6,
it may be necessary to form closet floor at a lower level than shewn by Fig. 9
in order to get an efficient flush.
The connecting pipes are preferably about two inches diameter, and of
strong galvanized wrought iron.
Flap J prevents foul air passing along pipes D and E, and flap K prevents
cold air from entering the dwelling. Flap J may be dispensed with, and a
syphon trap placed between basin A and block F.
The third part of our invention relates to improvements in trough closets.
Our object is to make them more sanitary than hitherto, to accomplish which,
we make the trough and its connections substantially as hereinafter specified,
and shewn on the accompanying drawings, Sheet 3.
We place the flushing cistern at the outlet end of the closet, and the discharge
pipe from such cistern communicates with a flushing conduit formed by a
J-shaped apron, which extends the length of the trough, and is bolted thereto.
The trough is flushed on the syphonic principle by water from a flushing
cistern.
Now to make our invention clear we annex drawings, in which Fig. 10 is a
longitudinal section of a syphonic trough closet, and Fig. 11 is a cross section
of same.
L is the automatic flushing cistern placed at the outlet end of closet as shewn.

page_text: M is the usual air pipe for promoting syphonage. N is a flushing conduit
formed by shaped apron bolted to trough O.
This conduit N is connected to the cistern L by fall pipe P. In flushing,
a portion of the water escapes through opening Q, Fig. 1 to cleanse back of
trough. When the water in the cistern rises to a proper level, syphonic action
commences therein, and the flushing water is discharged into the trough through
fall pipe P and conduit N, and the effect of which is to express the air in
space R through pipe M, Fig. 10, whereby syphonage is started at R, which
quickly empties the trough. This syphonic action ceases automatically, when
cistern is about half emptied to allow of the trough being recharged with clean
water. The conduit N, it will be observed answers the purposes of a flushing
rim to cleanse back of trough, and also to convey water to the proper inlet for
flushing.
Trough is shewn made of earthenware, but it can be made of iron, or any
other suitable material if desired.
The fourth part of our invention is designed to improve and simplify the mode
of connecting outlet end of earthenware pedestal closet with the soil pipe.
To accomplish this in connection with a trap, we prepare the said outlet
end of pedestal with an external bituminous ring to enter into an earthenware
socket of special form similarly prepared with an internal ring, and also so
formed that a lead soil pine can be tafted into the socket as shown on drawing.
In order to make our invention perfectly clear, we annex descriptive drawings.
Fig. 13, Sheet 4, shews a pedestal closet with an S trap in section.
A is the outlet end of same.
B is a ring of bituminous material formed upon outlet A', but if preferred,
Portland or other suitable cement may be used instead of bitumen.
C is a short special socket of earthenware fitted with a special ring internally,
which when connected with the said ring on outlet A¹ forms the airtight joint M¹.
Eis a lead soilpipe tafted into socket C.
The space H may be filled with lead or other suitable cementing material,
or it may be left open to allow of expansion and contraction of soil-pipe, if
desired.
Fig. 14, shews socket C¹ fitted to a P trap. In this case, the socket is fitted
with a Lewis bolt L' for additional security.
Before socket C¹ is fixed in its position, a short piece of lead soil-pipe K¹ is
tafted to it as shewn preparatory to attaching it to soil pipe.
Dated this 3rd day of June 1898.
F. RICHMOND,
Chartered Patent Agent,
12, Standish Street, Burnley.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Water Closets.
We, J. DUCKETT and SON LIMITED, of Sanitary Ware Works, Burnley, in the
County of Lancaster, and JANES DUCKETT, of Woodleigh, Burnley aforesaid,
Manufacturers of Sanitary Ware, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement: —
The first part of our invention has reference to an invention for which Letters
Patent were granted to us, No. 9407 dated 4th May 1896 for "Improvements in
waste or slop water closets" also to an invention for which Letter's Patent were

page_text: "
granted to us No. 16,676 dated July 28th 1896 for Improvements in water
closets and urinals."
Our object is to render top flushed water closets less costly than hitherto, to
make them less complicated, and also more sanitary.
According to this part of our invention, top-flushed slop water closets, i.e.,
such as have the tipper box and tipper raised above the floor level are combined
with a closet pedestal. In this form of closet, we also employ an improved
cover for the tinper box, having the underside dished, so as to make room for
the back of tipper in tilting, thus dispensing with the necessity of making
closet floor below yard floor. We provide the outlet end of sink waste pipe,
which discharges the sink water into the tipper box with a hinged flap to pre-
vent noxious gases from entering the dwelling, and for the same purpose a
hinged flap may also be fitted to inlet of closet basin, or if preferred a trap may
be fixed between basin and outlet of container c.
Referring to the drawings accompanying our Provisional Spécification, Fig. 1
is a plan, Fig. 2 a longitudinal section, Fig. 3 is a plan of cover, and Fig. 4
is a cross section of the apparatus.
a is a pedestal closet, which may have any suitable form of trap. is a
tilting tank, and its container. is a perforated channelled cover for tipper.
Tilting tank is mounted in the ordinary manner, having trunnions to work in
open recesses or steps as desired. Container may be of any desired form to
carry the tilting tank.
is the sink, is its waste pipe, and g a hinged flap to prevent foul or cold
air entering the dwelling.
h and are connecting pipes between container and closet basin. is a
hinged flap to prevent foul air passing forward from basin.
To increase efficiency of flush, feed pipe tapers from socket to outlet.
Channel is large enough to receive flushing water, and to produce a strong
whirlpool motion, and thereby prevent splashing of the person using the closet.
By this arrangement, the flushing rim is dispensed with.
In order to economise vertical space, we hollow out underside of cover d to
make room for the back of tipper, when tilted. By this arrangement, we dis-
pense with the necessity of making closet floor below yard floor.
Trap of basina is wholly above closet floor. We do not bind ourselves to
place all the parts precisely as and where shewn on the drawings, as both sink,
tipper and pedestal may (on the lines laid down) be somewhat varied to suit
circumstances.
For instance instead of closet being built against dwelling as shewn in Fig. 1.
it may be fixed at any desired distance from it, and connecting pipes about three
inches in diameter may be fixed against the adjoining walls to conduct the flush-
ing water to the closet. These pipes may be of any suitable material, but we
prefer strong wrought iron galvanized pipes and socket joints.
Fig. 5 shews a mode of conducting slop water into closet, when the latter is
situate some distance from the dwelling. The feed pipes h may be supported
by clips on corbels, brick pillars, or in any other suitable manner.
The second part of our invention relates to improvements in the arrangement
and construction of slop water closets flushed without the aid of a tilting vessel,
and also to an invention, for which Letters Patent were granted to us No. 16,676
dated July 28th 1896 for Improvements in water closets and urinals."
"
Our object is to make them more sanitary than hitherto. For this purpose,
we fix a special pedestal closet, which has an open channel formed at the back
and partly on one side of basin to receive the flushing water. The inlet to
basin is at the side, and instead of inlet being placed at one (or both) sides of
Basin, it may be at the top, or back, when the level and other circumstances will
permit. The arrangement of inlet may be applied to either slop or fresh water
closets.

page_text: This inlet and channel cause a powerful swirling motion to the flushing water,
and prevent splashing of the person using the closet.
In order to shew the construction of the apparatus, we refer to Sheet 2 of the
drawings annexed to our Provisional Specification. Fig. 7 is a plan, and Fig. 8
a cross section, and Fig. 9 a longitudinal section.
A is a pedestal, B the sink, and D and E are connecting pipes. I is a
special disconnecting block fitted with a perforated cover G. H is a perforated
grate about four inches diameter, so as to admit of waste water rapidly passing
through it to produce a good flush in the closet basin.
The fall from sink outlet to closet inlet is shewn about eighteen inches, which
produces a good flush in our arrangement.
When the closet is fixed a considerable distance from sink, as shewn in Fig. 6,
it may be necessary to form closet floor at a lower level than shewn in Fig. 9
in order to get an efficient flush.
The connecting pipes 1) (Fig. 6) are preferably about two inches diameter,
and of strong galvanized wrought iron.
Flap J prevents foul air passing along pipes D and E, and flap K prevents
cold air from entering dwelling. Flap J may be dispensed with, and a siphon
trap placed between basin A and block F.
The third part of our invention relates to improvements in trough closets.
Our object is to make them more sanitary than hitherto, to accomplish which,
we make the trough and its connections substantially as hereinafter specified,
and shewn on the drawings accompanying our Provisional Specification, Sheet 3.
We place the flushing cistern at the outlet end of the closet, and the discharge
pipe from such cistern communicates with a flushing conduit form by a Jshaped
apron, which extends the length of the trough, and is bolted thereto.
The trough is flushed on the siphonic principle by water from a flushing cistern.
Our invention will appear clear by referring to Sheet of the drawings, in
which Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section of a siphonic trough closet, and Fig. 11
is a cross section of the same.
L is the automatic flushing cistern placed at the outlet end of closet as shewn.
M is the usual air pipe for promoting siphonage. N is a flushing conduit
formed by J-shaped apron bolted to trough O. This conduit N is connected to
the cistern Lly fall pipe P. In flushing, a portion of the water escapes through
opening Q, Fig. 11, to cleanse back of trough. When the water in the cistern rises
to a proper level, siphonic action commences therein, and the flushing water is dis-
and the effect
charged into the trough, through fall pipe P and conduit N,
of which is to express the air in space R through pipe M, Fig. 10, whereby
siphonage is started at R, which quickly empties the trough. This siphonic
action ceases immediately when cistern is about half empty, to allow of the
trough being re-charged with clean water. The conduit N, it will be observed
answers the purpose of a flushing rim to cleanse back of trough, and also to
convey water to the proper inlet for flushing.
Trough O is shewn made of earthenware, but it may be made of iron, or any
other suitable material, if desired.
The fourth part of our invention is designed to improve and simplify the mode
of connecting outlet end of earthenware pedestal closet with the soil pipe.
To accomplish this in connection with a S trap, we prepare the said outlet
cod of pedestal with an external bituminous ring to enter into an earthenware
socket of special form similarly prepared with an internal ring, and also so
formed that a lead soil pipe can be tafted into socket as shewn on drawing, in
which Fig. 13, Sheet 4, shews a pedestal closet with a S trap in section.
Ai, the outlet end of same.
B1 is a ring of bituminous material formed upon outlet A', but if preferred,
Portland or other suitable cement may be used instead of bitumen.
C¹ is a short special socket of earthenware fitted with a special ring internally,
which when connected with the said ring on outlet A' forms the straight joint E¹

page_text: F1 is a lead soil pipe tafted into socket.C¹.
The space H may be filled with lead or other suitable cementing material,
or it may be left open to allow of expansion and contraction of soil pipe, if desired.
Fig. 12 shews socket C¹ fitted to a P trap. In this case, the socket is fitted
with a lewis bolt L' for additional security.
Before socket C is fixed in its position, a short piece of lead soil pipe K¹ is
tafted to it as shewn, preparatory to attaching it to the soil pipe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:―
1. In top flushed slop water closets, the combination of a pedestal with a tilt-
ing tank, container and dished cover, substantially as described and shewn in
Figs. 1. 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings.
2. The general arrangement and combination of parts of a top flushed slop
water closet, substantially as described and shewn in Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the
drawings.
3. In slop water closets, the provision of hinged flaps such as i and g and J
and K, substantially as and for the purpose shewn and specified.
4. In top flushed slop water closets, the improved form of dished cover for
tipper, substantially as and for the purpose described, and shewn in Fig. 2.
5. The improved construction of flushing rim for trough closets, substantially
as described and illustrated on Sheet 3 of the drawings.
6. The combination and arrangement of siphonic flushing apparatus and parts
connected with a trough closet, substantially as described, and shewn on Sheet 3
of the drawings.
7. The improved means employed in the jointing of earthenware closet basins
to metallic soil pipes, substantially as described and illustrated on Sheet 4 of
the drawings.
D
1 1
1
F. RICHMOND,
Chartered Patent Agent,
12, Standish Street, Burnley.