IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HANGING AND ARRANGEMENT OF WINDOW SASHES AND STILES, AND IN THE FIXINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Williams, of Brecon, in the County of
Brecknock, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HANGING
AND ARRANGEMENT OF WINDOW SASHES AND STILES, AND IN THE FIXINGS
CONNECTED THEREWITH.
"
Sealed the 21st July 1874, and dated the 24th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th January 1874.
I, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of Brecon, in the County of Brecknock, do
3 hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE HANGING AND ARRANGEMENT OF WINDOW SASHES AND STILES, AND IN THE
FIXINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the hanging of window sashes and the means
employed therewith for making them water-tight and not liable to dete-
rioration from rattling and vibration.

page_text: The object of the Invention is more particularly designed for the
purpose of enabling the processes of painting, glazing, and cleaning to
be performed with greater ease and facility than with windows of the
ordinary construction.
The novelty of the arrangement in adapting the various parts may be
thus described:-Each sash of the window at its side edges is made flush
with the top of the grooves of the frame, so that it can be placed or dis-
placed without removing the beading. But in order to secure the sashes
in their respective positions in a manner that will enable them to slide
up and down, and also swing or swivel into a diaganol position with
respect to the window frame, they are provided with hanging stiles or
strips of wood that fit and slide in the grooves between the beadings.
Each sash is attached or otherwise secured to the hanging stile by means
of pivots or studs fixed in a central position between the extremities of
each sash, and in a manner that will enable them to be swung round or
reversed when being cleaned or opened for other purposes.
The cords connecting the sashes with their counterbalance weights
pass from the points where they are attached to the sash between guide
pullies in a direction behind the hanging stile up to the top pulley, over
which they pass on to their connection with the weights. By this novel
arrangement of hanging the sashes the cords supporting the same are
out of sight.
The lower pullies guiding the cords are caused slightly to protrude
from the bottom of the grooves in which the hanging stiles slide,
forming thereby friction pullies, on which the sashes run, enabling
them by this means to be moved with facility and kept clear of the
paint.
★
The edges of the window frames in contact with their respective
hanging stiles are grooved, so also are the hanging stiles themselves.
The position of these grooves forms an internal recess between the joints
of the sashes and stiles when closed. Into these recesses flat blades of
metal or tongues are placed, each one being connected with a set screw,
rack, and pinion, or other equivalent which will enable such blades or
tongues of metal to be inserted or withdrawn so as to be contained in
the grooves of each sash and flush therewith, at which time the window
can be swivelled or reversed on their central pivots or studs; but when

page_text: the sashes are closed and on a line with their hanging stiles the blades
or tongues of metal are actuated by their attaching screws or other equi-
valent, so as to be moved forward and caused to enter the grooves of the
hanging stiles, in which position they form barriers or shields against the
entrance of wet or cold. Such tongues are also serviceable in keeping
the sashes steady in their framings when closed, preventing thereby
rattling or vibration.
This Invention may be readily applied to existing window sashes, the
old frames of which are suitably constructed to receive the improve-
ments.
In adapting the improvements to French casements the swinging
stile of the window frame is hinged to the casement on either side. To
this swinging stile the window frames are pivoted, so as to swing open
or swivel free of the stiles when being "glazed, painted, or cleaned; but
when closed they are secured by thumbscrews, the action of which
inserts into the recess formed in the face of the swinging stile the con-
necting strip of metal, which prevents weather or draught getting in
between the chinks or joints of the same and the window frame. When
in this position the casement is opened from the hinge connecting the
stile to the framing.
The sash weights of ordinary windows may have applied thereto an
arrangement of projecting pins and platforms, upon which weights
similar to those of a weighing machine may be applied for the purpose
of reducing or increasing the weight necessary to counterbalance the
weight of the suspended sash.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Williams in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WILLIAMS, of Brecon, in the County of Brecknock, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Williams, Her
special licence that I, the said William Williams, my exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Williams, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HANGING AND ARRANGEMENT OF WINDOW SASHES AND
STILES, AND IN THE FIXINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Williams, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Williams, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is
to say :-
The Invention relates to the hanging of window sashes and the means
employed therewith for making them water-tight and not liable to dete-
rioration from rattling and vibration.
The object of the Invention is more particularly designed for the
purpose of enabling the processes of painting, glazing, and cleaning to
be performed with greater ease and facility than with windows of the
ordinary construction.
The novelty of the arrangement in adapting the various parts may be
thus described:—Each sash of the window at its side edges is made flush
with the top of the grooves of the frame, so that it can be placed or dis-
placed without removing the beading. But in order to secure the sashes
in their respective positions in a manner that will enable them to slide

page_text: up and down, and also swing or swivel into a diagonal position with
respect to the window frames, they are provided with hanging stiles or
strips of wood, which fit and slide in the grooves between the beadings.
Each sash is attached or otherwise secured to the hanging stile by means
of pivots or studs fixed in a central position between the extremities of
cach sash, and in a manner which will enable them to be swung round
or reversed when being cleaned or opened for other purposes.
The cords connecting the sashes with their counterbalance weights
pass from the points where they are attached to the sash between guide
pullies in a direction behind the hanging stile up to the top pulley, over
which they pass on to their connection with the weights. By this novel
arrangement of hanging the sashes the cords supporting the same are
out of sight.
The lower pullies guiding the cords are caused slightly to protrude
from the bottom of the grooves in which the hanging stiles slide,
forming thereby friction pullics on which the sashes run, enabling
them by this means to be moved with facility and kept clear of the
paint.
The edges of the window frames in contact with their respective
hanging stiles arc grooved, so also are the hanging stiles themselves.
The position of these grooves forms an internal recess between the joints
of the sashes and stiles when closed. Into these recesses flat blades of
metal or tongues are placed, each one being connected with a set screw,
rack, and pinion, or other equivalent, which will enable such blades or
tongues of metal to be inserted or withdrawn so as to be contained in
the grooves of each sash and flush therewith, at which time the window
sashes can be swivelled or reversed on their central pivots or studs; but
when the sashes are closed and on a line with their hanging stiles the
blades or tongues of metal are actuated by their attaching screws or other
equivalent, so as to be moved forward and caused to enter the grooves of
the hanging stiles, in which position they form barriers or shields against
the entrance of wet or cold. Such tongues are also serviceable in keeping
the sashes steady in their framings when closed, preventing thereby
rattling or vibration.
This Invention may be readily applied to existing window sashes,
the old frames of which are suitably constructed to receive the

page_text: In adapting the improvements to French casements the swinging
stile of the window frame is hinged to the casement on either side. To
this swinging stile the window frames are pivoted, so as to swing upon
or swivel free of the stiles when being glazed, painted, or cleaned; but
when closed they are secured by thumbscrews, the action of which
inserts into the recess formed in the face of the swinging stile the con-
necting strip of metal which prevents weather or draught getting in
between the chinks or joints of the same and the window frame. When
in this position the casement is opened from the hinge connecting the
stile to the framing.
The sash weights of ordinary windows may have applied thereto an
arrangement of projecting pins and platforms, upon which weights
similar to those of a weighing machine may be applied for the purpose
of reducing or increasing the weight necessary to counterbalance the
weight of the suspended sash.
In order that the Invention may be well understood and explained in
detail I have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings, similar letters of
reference being marked on corresponding parts on all the Figures
alike.

page_text: sashes are being raised or lowered, and also keeping them clear of the
. paint.
The inner edges of the window frame a in contact with the hanging
stile c, and also the hanging stiles, are provided with grooves h, h. The
position of these grooves form internal recesses between the joints. Into
these recesses h, h, flat blades of metal or tongues i, i, are placed, cach
one being connected with a set screw k, k, or in some cases rack and
pinion or other equivalent, the arrangement of which will enable such
blades or tongues i, i, to be pushed forward or withdrawn when con-
tained within the grooves h, h. The action of withdrawal frees the
sashes b, b, so that they can be swivelled or reversed on their central
pivots or studs d, d; but when closed and the screws k are turned so as
to push forward the sliding tongues of metal, such tongues enter the
grooves of the hanging or swinging stiles in the position as shewn
at *, Fig. 1; they form barriers or shields that prevent wet, cold, or
draught getting in between the joints. Such tongues also, when screwed
forward when the windows are closed, keep the sashes steady in their
frames, and so prevent rattling or vibration.
In adapting the improvements to French casements, as shewn in
Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, the swinging stile c of the window frame a is
secured to the casement by the hinge b on either side. To this swinging
stile c the window frames b, b, are secured by the pivots d, d, so as to
swing open or swivel free of the stiles when being glazed, painted, or
cleaned; but when closed the sashes are secured by the tongues i, i, and
screws n in the manner as described in connection with the hanging
stiles. In Fig. 9 m is the arrangement for screwing or fixing the sash to
the swinging stile c.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with
the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I would wish it to
be distinctly understood in conclusion that I claim, the general arrange-
ment, construction, and adaptation to window sashes of hanging and
swinging stiles, together with swivel pivots and weather tongues, to be

page_text: employed for the purpose and in the manner as herein-before described,
set forth, and fully illustrated in the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
REES PRICE,
St. David's Vicarage,
Brecon.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS. (L.s.)