Improvements in Sash Windows and the like, with Necessary Fittings thereof and Fire-escape Support and Safety Bars in connection therewith.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 10th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sash Windows and the like, with Necessary
Fittings thereof and Fire-escape Support and Safety Bars in
connection therewith.
I. GEORGE GLASSON of 58 Upper Bainbrigge Street Derby in the County of
Derby, Carpenter and Joiner do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in sash windows and the like, with
necessary fittings thereof and fire escape support and safety bars in connection
therewith.
This invention relates more particularly to the windows commonly known as
reversible but parts thereof may be applied to windows of the ordinary type.
It relates to the construction of the frame or frames or parts thereof to be
hereinafter described the hanging, counterbalancing and securing or fastening of
the sashes also the fastening or securing of the cords and safety bars thereto and
the holding, fastening or securing of the inner frame to the outer frame in the case
of the reversible windows and the like. I may when necessary arrange a support
for a fire escape which folds up and is enclosed in the outer frame of the reversible
window but I would have it understood that I may fix it in any other suitable
position. The foregoing briefly describes the scope of my said invention and in
order that my invention may be thoroughly understood now proceed to briefly
describe the accompanying drawings reference being had to letters and figures
marked thereon (the drawings may be added to or further described in my Complete
Specification).
Sheet I. Fig. 1. is a front elevation and part section of sash frame.
Fig. 2. Plan of same shewing safety bars and section of parts forming pocket
for weights.
Fig. 3. Plan shewing the cords and pullies.
Fig. 4. Section shewing general arrangements.
Sheet II. Figs. 5, 5, 6, 7. Plans shewing arrangements of cords and pullies.'
Fig. 8. Section of Figure 7.
Figs. 9, 10. Section shewing arrangements of sills &c.
Sheet III. Fig. 11. Plan shewing section of inner and outer frame] containing
fire escape support folded.
Fig. 12. Plan of outer frame (inner frame not shewn) with support for fire
escape expanded.
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Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16. Support for fire escape under various circumstances.
Sheet IV. Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20 are various forms of counter-balance 'used' for
the sashes under this my invention.
Figs. 21, 22. Safety bars and nut for same.
Sheet V. Fig. 23. Section of united outer frame sill with exterior sill, dotted
lines shewing modification.
Figs. 24, 25. Cord holder to be inserted in sashes.
Sheet VI. Various pullies and plans of same marked as shewn in
drawings (Sheets. I & II).
Fig. 26. Sash fastener & frameholder.
1..
other
in
I would now more particularly describe the various drawings, the same letters or
figures of reference applying to all drawings or views of the same parts.
140319DE

page_text: Figs. 1 to 12. A, outer frame; A' inner linings or stile of outer frame shewing
how it may be rebated out so as not to waste the material; A' Fig. 11 shews
pocket containing support for fire escape; B inner frame; B¹ pulley stiles and
head of inner frame with projections formed thereon or fastened thereto to securely
hold sashes when inner frame is open. B³ B³ sections of the hanging pulley stile
shewing how it also is rebated to prevent waste. Bouter panelling in inner frame
when the frame is constructed to serve as a door to walk into garden or balcony;
B panelling under window inside the room behind which safety bars C are placed.
B' may be omitted when the safety bars, are not required. Dotted lines Be Fig. 4
shew that the frame may be constructed without extending down to the floor in
which case the sill of the outer frame would be the same breadth as the sill of the
inner frame; C, safety bars passing through the sill of the frame loosely and
united at the bottom ends by a horizontal bar as shewn in Fig. 21 Sheet IV;
C₁ shews method of securing the same to the bottom rail of sash, the end thereof
being screwed thereinto by means of a short lever, C³ situate in a boss of the bar C';
all the bars may be secured in this manner or intermediate or any number thereof
may be as shewn by C². I may use any number of bars according to the size of
the frame to which they may be applied; the socket Fig. 22 may be used for the
safety bars to screw into, this socket may be serrated or ronghened on the exterior
in any suitable way, it may be made with or without lugs or other means for
securing it in position in the bottom rail of the sash, the inside may be screwed as
shewn or in any suitable way.
D ordinary sliding sashes with cord holders E, for enlarged view see Sheet 5
Figs. 24 & 25 the bottom part E' may be serated or roughened in any suitable
way it may be made with or without lugs for screws to pass through for the
securing of the same to the sash. E' is a loose part which falls down as indicated,
for the insertion or removal of the cords, the parts may be hinged or held
together in any suitable way. F. is a sash fastener for enlarged view see
Sheet 6. Felevation F plan of fastener with F lever handle with eccentric hook
pivoted at Fs having friction wheel F which moves on spring F³. F' loose handle
which falls in front of sash when the sashes are secured as shewn at F' or I
may substitute knob as at F. F8 plan of back plate with projecting lug or plate
of any suitable form. G modification of F for fastening the inner frame to the
outer frame. His a counterbalance weight (for enlarged view see Sheet IV
Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20) having a projecting lug carrying a counterlever or balance
bar H carrying two pulley frames H with pullies these pullies and frames may
be placed in the position shewn by dotted lines H; H₁ indicates a hole in the
bottom of the weight for the joining of two or more weights together or for the
insertion of rod H with smaller adjustable weights as shewn of any convenient
form, this rod may have lugs for connecting other rods or not as may be desired,
on this weight-rod I shew a counterlever or balance bar H having holes therein
for the fastening of the sash cords thereto, counterlever H' may be substituted for
counterlever H or vice versa in either case.
I will now proceed to describe the manner of hanging the sashes with the
counterbalance weights, on my improved method. The pulleys on Sheet 6. will
also be marked in accordance with this description, some of the pullies may have
several letters indicating that it may be used in several different ways or positions.
Sheet I. Figs. 1 and 3. Each sash is hung with one weight, the weights are
situated side by side in the same pocket, two cords are used to each sash, one cord
of each sash passing over pullies I in the head of the frame & pullies J down to
the counterlever on the sash weight where it is securely fastened, the other cords
pass over one pulley only "K" and down to the other end of the counterlever on
the weight, those cords passing over the head of the frame being longer than the
others are liable to stretch more, therefore the counterlever on the weight is tilted
in the manner shewn so as to equalize the strain on the cords R. I wish it to be
understood that I may use my patent pulley sash weight as described in
Specification 10815", the description to Figure 5 therein. would apply in this case

page_text: (Note these weights may also be prepared as shewn at H³ Fig. 17.) My double
power system may be applied also.
Sheet II. Fig. 5. This, window is hung with the counterbalance or counterlever
pulley sashweight Fig. 17, the cords passing over the head of the frame and crossing
each other as shewn, one cord being higher than the other to prevent chafing, the
cords on the right hand of drawing are fastened to the sashes and pass up and over
pullies L or Land across the head over pullies M or M' and down to the weight
passing under the pulley therein and up over pulley N or N¹ down to the other
sash, thus the sashes are balanced against each other two cords only being used,
and one weight hanging both sashes the counterlever adjusting the weight to any
unequal stretch in the cords, thus insuring the satisfactory closing of the sashes.
Fig. 5 hung in same way, the pullies on the counterlever balanceweight take the
position indicated by the dotted lines H³ Fig. 17. Fig. 6. The cord to the top sash
passes up and over pulley O down over pulley P, and under the pulley in the sash
weight then it passes up and over pulley Q and down to the other sash, the other cord
is fastened to the bottom sash passes over pulley O' over P¹ to sash weight passing
under the other pulley thereon and up over pullies Q and Q² down to the top
sash thus balancing one sash against another the counterlever acting as before
described.
Fig. 7. Four ordinary sash weights are here used two only opening out with the
internal sashframe as shewn thus taking a certain amount of weight off the hinges V
wherewith the inner frame is hung, the cords which pass over the head of the frame
are guided by pullies R, R' When opening the window, each side of the sashes
are hung with a single cord and weight, the cords of one side passing over pullies
in the head of the frame and down to the weight on the other side as shewn. I
may place all the pullies in the head of the frame as at Fig. 3 or pass them as
shewn in Fig. 8 over pullies S S¹ on the one side and using ordinary pullies and
method of hanging at S, thus giving it the appearance of an ordinary window or I
may use two of my patent axle pulley sash weights as described in Specification
10815º.
I bring the cord up at pulley T down at T' under the pulley in the weight and
up at T and down at T' to the other sash thus balancing one sash against the other,
the other side of sashes being balanced in the same way thus using two weights and
cords only.
Sheet 3. Owing to the many serious fires that occur in dwelling houses and
houses of business I have provided my improved window with a simple contrivance
that will be useful in case of necessity, providing means for the support of any
suitable fire escape, I will now describe the same.
Fig. 13. shews a support that would be useful under general circumstances.
Fig. 14 is the same folded up in elevation. Fig. 11 shews the support folded back
in the pocket of frame. Fig. 12 expanded for use. Should the window not be high
enough for the crossbar as shewn at Fig. 13 a slot may be cut at U which would
allow the crossbar to fall down when folded out of use. When the window
overlooks an area or heavy projecting cornices the bar may be nearly full height of
the window being made as at Fig. 16. Of course this would be most useful
attached to a mullion window so that the persons escaping might get out of the
window furthest from the point where the support is pivoted.
Fig. 15 would be suitable for a window in an upper story or attic where the
window is very low, full advantage is taken of the total height of the window These
drawings are self explanatory.
Sheet 5. Owing to the often unsatisfactory manner in which windows are fixed
and from other causes the damp often soaks through under the window sill (the sill
of the sash fraine frequently becoming rotten thereby) I have endeavoured to
overcome these difficulties by uniting the outer sill of my window with the external
sill and making them in cast iron as shewn, the various mouldings, throatings and
weatherings may be modified in any suitable way, dotted lines shew that
make the sill only of the sashframe in cast iron when desired or use wood as shewn
may

page_text: in other drawings. It will be understood that the foregoing is given by way of
illustration only and that the shapes and proportions of the various parts may be
varied within the scope of my invention.
Dated this 10th day of Waha 1002
GEORGE GLASSON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sash Windows and the like, with Necessary
Fittings thereof and Fire-escape Support and Safety Bars in
connection therewith.
I, GEORGE GLASSON of 58 Upper Bainbrigge Street, Derby in the County of
Derby, Carpenter and Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in sash windows and the like, with
necessary fittings thereof and fire-escape support and safety bars in connection
therewith.
This invention relates more particularly to the windows commonly known as
reversible but parts thereof may be applied to windows of the ordinary type.
It relates to the construction of the frame or frames or parts thereof to be
hereinafter described, the hanging, counterbalancing and securing or fastening of
the sashes also the fastening or securing of the cords and safety bars thereto and
the holding, fastening and securing of the inner frame to the outer frame in the
case of the reversible windows and the like.
1 may when necessary arrange a support for a fire-escape which folds up and is
enclosed in the outer frame of the reversible window but I would have it understood
that I may fix it in any other suitable position.
The foregoing briefly describes the scope of my said invention, and in order that
my invention may be thoroughly understood I now proceed to briefly describe the
accompanying drawings reference being had to letters and figures marked thereon.
(The drawings left with my Provisional Specification being hereafter referred to as
well as the two additional sheets left with my Complete Specification.)
Figure 1. is a front elevation and part section of sash frame.
Figure 2. is plan of same shewing safety bars and section of parts forming
pocket for weights.
Figure 3. is a plan shewing the cords and pulleys.
Figure 4 is a section shewing general arrangement.
Figures 5, 54, 6 and 7 are plans shewing arrangements of cords and pulleys.
Figure 8 is a section of Figure 7.
Figures 9 and 10. Sections shewing arrangements of sills &c.
Figure 11. Plan shewing section of inner and outer frames containing fire-escape
support folded.
Figure 12. Plan of outer frame (inner frame not shewn) with support for fire
escape expanded.
Figures 13, 14, 15, 16. Support for fire-escape under various circumstances.
Figures 17, 18, 19 and 20 shew various forms of counterbalance used for the
sashes under my invention.
Figures 21 and 22 shew safety bars and nut for same. I may use a lock instead
of nut, Figure 22, if desired.
Figure 23. shews section of united outer frame sill with exterior sill, dotted lines
shewing modification.
Figures 24 and 25 shew cord holder to be inserted in sashes.
Upon Sheet VI are shewn various pulleys and plans of same marked as shewn
on other drawings. (Sheets I and III.)
Figure 26 shews the sash fastener and frame holder.

page_text: Upon Sheet VII are shewn alternative construction when required for Yorkshire
lights or sash windows of small proportions, and parts of my improved fire escape
support.
Figure 27 being an elevation from the inside of the apartment.
Figure 28. an elevation of the support when folded up into the recess, or
pocket.
Figure 29 a plan of the support in the same position as in Figure 28.
Figure 30 is a plan of the support when opened out in a similar position to
Figure 27.
Figure 31 is an alternative design for the top and bottom brackets for holding
the fire-escape support when used in connection with windows of large proportions,
or for fixing externally of the sash frame.
Figures 32 and 33 shew further illustrations of my improved cord holder;
Figure 32 being an elevation and Figure 33 a section on line b. b. of Figure 32.
Figures 34 and 35 are a vertical section on line d. d. and a plan respectively,
shewing an alternative construction of sash fastener.
I would now more particularly describe the various drawings, the same letters or
figures of reference applying to all drawings or views of the same parts.
Figures 1 to 12. A outer frame; A' inner linings or style of outer frame shewing
how it may be rebated out so as not to waste the material; A' Figure 11 shews
pocket containing support for "fire-escape"; B inner frame; B₁ pulley styles and
head of inner frame with projections formed thereon or fastened thereto to securely
hold sashes when inner frame is open; B2, B3, sections of the hanging pulley style
shewing how it also is rebated to prevent waste; B', outer panelling in inner frame
when the frame is constructed to serve as a door; B' panelling under window
inside the room behind which safety bars C are placed, the fire escape may be
kept in this recess if desired; B' may be omitted when the safety bars are not
required; dotted lines B Figure 4 shew that the frame may be constructed
without extending down to the floor in which case the sill of the outer frame
would be the same breadth as the sill of the inuer frame; C, safety bars passing
through the sill of the frame loosely and united at the bottom ends by a horizontal
bar as shewn on Figure 21 Sheet IV; C shews method of securing the same to
the bottom rail of sash the end thereof being screwed thereinto by means of a
short lever C³ situate in a boss of the bar C, all the bars may be secured in
this manner or intermediate or any number thereof may be as shewn by C³. I
may use any number of bars according to the size of the frame to which they may be
applied. These bars will be found of especial service in lunatic asylums, nurseries,
somnambulists' rooms and would also present an additional barrier to burglars.
The socket Figure 22 may be used for the safety bars to screw into, this socket
may be serrated or roughened on the exterior in any suitable way, it may be
made with or without lugs or other means for securing it in position in the
bottom rail of the sash, the inside may be screwed as shewn or in any suitable
manner; D, ordinary sliding sashes with cord holders E, for enlarged view see
Figures 24, 25, 32 and 33. The bottom part E' may be serrated or roughened
in any suitable way; it may
be made with or without lugs for screws
pass through for the securing of same to the sash; E' is a loose part which
falls down as indicated for the insertion or removal of the cords; the parts may
be hinged or held together in any suitable way; F is a sash fastener, for
enlarged view see Sheet VI Figure 26, Felevation; F plan of fastener with
F lever handle with eccentric hook pivoted at F3 having friction wheel F* which
moves on spring F; F* loose handle which falls in front of sash when the
sashes are secured as shewn at F' or I may substitute knob as at F; F8 plan
of back plate with projecting lug or plate of any suitable form; G is a modiñ-
cation of F for fastening the inner frame to the outer frame, (see Figure 1).
This modification consists in placing the cam-hook in réverse position in relation
to the lever; at H is seen a counter balance weight (for enlarged view see
Sheet IV Figures 17, 18, 19, 20) having a projecting lug carrying a counter
to

page_text: lever or balance bar H₁ carrying two pulley frames H' with pulleys; these
pulleys and frames may be placed in the position shewn by dotted lines H³;
H indicates a hole in the bottom of the weight for the joining of two or more
weights together or for the insertion of rod H with smaller adjustable weights as
shewn of any convenient form, this rod may have lugs for connecting other
rods or not as may be desired, on this weight rod I shew a counter fever or
balance bar H having holes therein for the fastening of the sash cords thereto,
counter lever H¹ may be substituted for counter lever H ur nice versa in
either case.
Instead of employing the cord hereafter described in my method of banging
sashes I may use copper wire as being less liable to stretch but my invention is
more particularly designed for using cord as will be understood from the following
description:-
I will now proceed to describe the manner of hanging the sashes with the
counterbalance weights on my improved method. The pulleys on Sheet VI will
also be marked in accordance with this description, some of the pulleys may have
several letters indicating that they may be used in several different ways or
positions.
:
As shewn upon Figures 1 and 3 each sash is hung with one weight, the weights
are situated side by side in the same pocket, two cords are used to each sash, one
cord of each sash passing over pulleys I in the head of the frame and pulleys J
down to the counterlever on the sashweight where it is securely fastened, the other
cords pass over oue pulley only K and down to the other end of the counter-lever
on the weight, those cords passing over the head of the frame being longer than
the others are liable to stretch more, therefore the counter-lever on the weight is
tilted in the manner shewn so as to equalize the strain on the cords R. I wish it
to be understood that I may use my patent pulley sashweight as described in
Specification 10815" the description to Figure 5 therein would apply in this case
(Note these weights may also be prepared as shewn at H Figure 17), my double
power system may be applied also.
Figure 5. This window is hung with the counterbalance or counterlever pulley
sashweight Figure 17 the cords passing over the head of the frame and crossing
each other as shewn, one cord being higher than the other to prevent chafing, the
cords on the right hand of drawing are fastened to the sashes and pass up and
over pulleys L. or L' and across the head over pulleys M or M¹ and down to the
weight passing under the pulley therein and up over pulley N or N¹ down to the
-other sash, thus the sashes are balanced against each other, two cords only being
used, and one weight hanging. both sashes the counter lever adjusting the weight
to any unequal stretch in the cords, thus ensuring the satisfactory closing of the
sashes. Figure 5A hung in same way the pulleys on the counter-lever balance
weight take the position indicated by the dotted lines H³ (Figure 17). Referring
to Figure 6 the cord to the top sash passes up and over pulley O down over
pulley P, and under the pulley in the sash weight then it passes up and over
pulley Q and down to the other sash, the other cord is fastened to the bottom sash
passes over pulley O' over P¹ to sashweight passing under the other pulley thereon,
and up over pulleys Q¹ and Q down to the top sash, thus balancing one sash
.against another the counter-lever acting as before described.
Figure 7. Four ordinary sashweights are here used two only opening out with
the internal sash frame as shewn thus taking a certain amount of weight off the
hinges V wherewith the inner frame is hung, the cords which pass over the heads
of the frame are guided by pulleys R, R' when opening the window, each side of
each sash is hung with a single cord and weight, the cords of one side passing
-over pulleys in the head of the frame and down to the weight on the other side as
shewn. I may place all the pulleys in the head of the frame as at Figure 3 or
pass them as shewn in Figure 8 over pulleys S, S1 on the one side and using
ordinary pulleys and method of hanging at S, thus giving it the appearance of an
ordinary window or I may use two of my patent axle pulley sashweights as

page_text: described in Specification 103159. I bring the cord up at pulley T down at TH
under the pulley in the weight and up at T and down at T3 to the other sash.
thus balancing one sash against the other, the other side of sashes being balanced
in the same way thus using two weights and cords ouly. I provide my improved
window with means for the support of any suitable fire-escape, which may also be
used for other purposes such as for supporting a scaffold or for raising and lowering
goods &c., and I will now describe the same :-
Figure 13 shews a support that would be useful under general circumstances:
Figure 14 is the same folded up in elevation: Figure 11 shews the support folded.
back in the pocket of frame: Figure 12 expanded for use.
Should the window not be high enough for the crossbar as shewn at Figure 13 a.
slot may be cut at U which would allow the crossbar to fall down when folded out
of use.
When the window overlooks an area or heavy projecting cornices the bar
may be nearly full height of the window being made as at Figure 16, this would.
be most useful attached to a mullion window so that the persons escaping might get.
out of the window furthest from the point where the support is pivotted.
The arrangement shewn on Figure 15 would be suitable for a window in an upper
storey or attic where the window is very low, full advantage is taken of the total.
height of the window.
In the alternative construction and arrangement of my improved fire-escape-
support illustrated on Sheet VII. The fire-escape would be hung from the hook W
on the bar X the latter being free to slide through a block Y pivoted to a second
bar Z each end of which terminates in a ball fitting into a bearing or socket 1 in.
the top and bottom levers 2 and 3 (a joint being thus formed between the two
giving vertical as well as horizontal play). At or near the lower end of bar Z is
pivotted a rod or strut 4 the upper end being also pivotted to the first bar X the
levers 2 and 3 are pivotted at 5 and 6 to brackets 7 and 8 fixed to the outer
frame A; the inner ends of the levers 2 and 3 abut against stops 9 and 10 on the
inner ends of the brackets 5 and 6. When the fire-escape support is opened out as.
shewn on Figures 27 and 30. Stops 11 and 12 are formed on rod or strut 4 for
further support of bar X. On Figures 32 and 33 I shew further illustrations of
my improved cord holder.
In the construction of the improved sash fastener illustrated on Figures 34
and 35. The casing or box 13 and 14 in two parts united to plates 15 and 16 with
screw holes therein for fixing the same to the meeting rails 17 and 18 of the sashes,
in the inside of this casing or box I pivot a pinion 19 carrying an eccentric hook 20.
which passes round the vertical bar or upright 21 the latter being provided with a
stop 22.
In the casing or box is also pivotted a cranked lever 23 operated by a
handle 24 and carrying a toothed quadrant or the like 25 engaging the pinion 19..
It will be readily understood that the lever turning upon the pivot 26 will move the
book 20 in and out at the back of the vertical rod or bar 21.
Owing to the often unsatisfactory manner in which windows are fixed and from.
other causes the damp often soaks through under the window sills (the sills of the
sash frames frequently becoming rotten thereby) I have endeavoured to overcome.
these difficulties by uniting the outer sill of my window with the external sill and
making them in cast iron as shewn on Figure 23, the various mouldings, throatings.
and weatherings may be modified in any suitable way, dotted lines shew that I may
make the sill only of the sash frame in cast iron when desired or use wood as-
shewn in other drawings. It will be understood that the foregoing is given by way
of illustration only and that the shapes and proportions of the various parts may
be varied within the scope of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In the construction of reversible and other windows and the like, the counter-
lever or balance bar on sash weights with or without pulleys and method of ioining

page_text: sash weights together substantially as and for the purposes herein described and
illustrated in detail on Figures 17, 18, 19, 20.
2. The improved construction of sill substantially as illustrated on Figure 23
and described herein.
..
3. The improved construction and arrangement of pulleys and frames therefor
and method of hanging sashes substantially as described herein and illustrated by
the accompanying sheets of drawings.
4. The improved construction of sash fastener substantially as described herein
and illustrated on Figures 26, 34 and 35, with its modification as described.
5. The improved construction and arrangement of fire escape support either in
connection with sash or other window or door frames substantially as described
herein and illustrated on Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31.
6. The improved construction of pocket in reversible windows and Yorkshire
lights and use of pocket in ordinary sash windows for the above support substan-
tially as described and illustrated.
7. The improved detachable vertical safety bars method of fixing same to
bottom rail of bottom sash, recess for same or fire-escape behind the panelling
substantially as described and illustrated.
8. The improved cord holder substantially as and for the purposes described
herein and as illustrated by the accompanying sheets of drawings.
9. The whole substantially as and for the purposes herein described and as
illustrated by the accompanying sheets of drawings.
Dated this 9th day of November 1893.
W. SWINDELL,
Agent for the Applicant.