IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING OFF BEER AND OTHER LIQUORS FROM CASKS OR VESSELS
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
PHILLIPS, of Chipping Norton, in the County of Oxon, Surgeon, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the
Fourth, His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of July, in the seventh year
of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Charles Phillips, His especial license, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Charles Phillips, my exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Phillips, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING
OFF BEER AND OTHER LIQUORS FROM CASKS OR VESSELS;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Charles Phillips, shall cause
a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Phillips, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the

page_text: Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a representation of a vertical section of an apparatus con-
taining a cask from which fluid is to be drawn. This apparatus is divided
into two principal parts. The upper part which covers the cask, marked
A, B, C, D, E, is composed of metal or some other material which is
sufficiently strong and air tight; it is open at the bottom, and the edge tipped
with a rim or ring on the outer side adapted to the groove of the under part
(F, G,) of the apparatus, and also so formed as to be held firmly and as air
tight as possible therein by means of a sufficient number of clamps, in the
manner represented in the Drawing, the clamps, with their screws, being
represented by the letters a and a. This ring at the edge of the upper part
A, B, C, D, E, may be a continuous portion of the same material, or brazed,
soldered, or otherwise jointed any means that will afford sufficient security
against rupture or the escape of condensed air or gas. The upper part or
division A, B, C, D, E, is here represented as cylindrical from A and E to
B and D, and dome-shaped from B and D to the top at C, but may be made
of any other figure that the convenience of the parties using may require,
provided the shape be such as to bear the necessary internal pressure. The
under part F, G, on which the cask stands, is made of metal or some other
sufficiently strong and air-tight material. This is a plate, in shape and size
adapted to the upper part A, B, C, D, E, with a groove to receive the before-
mentioned rim or ring of the upper part A, B, C, D, E, and on the under side
so formed that the two parts may be held together, either by clamps, as
represented in the Drawing, or the two parts may be otherwise held together
in any manner that will afford sufficient security. Also, at a little distance
from the said groove, on the inner side thereof and on the upper side of the
plate, the rim or ring b and b, by which when the two parts A, B, C, D, E,
and F, G, are put together, a trough is formed on the outside of the rim or
´ring 6 and 6 surrounding that rim or ring, and being surrounded by the rim or
ring on the edge of the upper part A, B, C, D, E. This rim or ring 6 and 6
also forms on the upper side of the plate F, G, a trough, well, or cavity, in
which the cask stands. c is a tube air-tightly fixed to the plate F, G, or
made continuously of the same material, and passing through that plate, with
a valve at the upper orifice opening upwards. This tube will be better

page_text: adapted for the purpose intended by perforating the plate F, G, betwixt the
rim or ring 6 and 6 and the groove for the reception of the rim or ring at the
edge of the upper part A, B, C, D, E. d is a tube air-tightly fixed to the
plate F, G, or made continuously of the same material, and passing through
that plate in any convenient part thereof; e is a stop-cock, intercepting the
passage of the tube d on the under side of the plate F, G; H is a cask, with
a tap or cock f inserted therein; and g, a tube securely connecting the outer
end of the tapf with the upper end of the tube d.
By this apparatus, when air has been injected through the tube e, and thus
internal pressure effected, the fluid in the cask may be drawn through the tap
f, the connecting tube g, and the tube d, and by another tube attached to the
lower end of the tube d at any height above the level of the fluid in the cask
to which the pressure of the condensed air is capable of raising it. The use
of the trough formed by the rim or ring 6 and 6 of the plate F, G, and the
edge of the upper part A, B, C, D, E, together with the intervening portion
of the plate F, G, is to contain water, oil, or some other liquid for the purpose
of increasing the security of the union of the two parts A, B, C, D, E, and
F, G, and of the valve at the upper end of the tube c, and to facilitate the
detection of any insecurity. Figure 2 is a representation of a vertical section
of a similar apparatus to Figure 1, with these differences, that in Figure 2, at
the top of the upper part A, B, C, D, E, is a tube leading perpendicularly or
nearly so from that part into the bottom of an enclosed vessel, as represented
at the letter I, and reaching to nearly the top of the cavity of that vessel.
This vessel has two outlets, one through the tube last mentioned, the other
through the stop-cock h, near the bottom of the cavity of the vessel. Another
difference is, that the upper part A, B, C, D, E, is divided into two parts,
with a ring or rim to each round the parts where they are united, forming a
similar joint to the one by which the upper part A, B, C, D, E, is joined
to the plato F, G. These unions may be as numerous as necessary, being
intended to facilitate the application of the apparatus to large casks in low
cellars. A third difference is, that from the orifice at the tube C there is a
channel C, B, to convey water or any other liquid poured in at the stop-cock h
to the side of the upper part A, B, C, D, E, at the point B, and thence down
that side to the trough i and i formed by the projection of the ring or rim k
and k. This water is for a similar purpose with the water in the other trough.
The use of the apparatus at the top is to let off the atmospheric air contained
in the vessel A, B, C, D, E, whilst carbonic acid gas enters at the tube c.
This is intended for the draught of those fluids which are subject to
the nectous fermentation, the presence of atmospheric air or free oxygen

page_text: disposing certain fluids to that fermentation; and it being probable that
pressure whilst free oxygen is present increases that disposition, the object of
this part of the apparatus being made in the manner described is, that it may
be kept full of water or some other liquid; for the purpose of making the stop-
cock h more secure, and for the purpose of detecting insecurity. Figures 3
and 4 are vertical sections of a vessel so constructed that when pendant by
the tube a from the joint b, as in Figure 3, and nearly full of fluid, the opening
from the vessel into the tube a may be above the fluid and the mouth of tho
vessel c below it; and when raised horizontally, as in Figure 4, both theso
openings may be above the fluid. The joint b must afford a passage from
the tube into the tube d, the vessel to be provided with a trough e
or some other similar receptacle, suspended or placed in such a manner
as to be accessible from the mouth c wholly above the fluid, and hanging
or placed so as to receive its contents and keep them from the contact of
the fluid when the vessel is in the position, Figure 4, and so placed as
to be wholly or partially submersed in the fluid, or so as to deposit. its
contents in the fluid when the vessel, is in the position of Figure 3. The
vessel must be provided with a lid f, which may be secured by the clamp g,
as in Figure 3, or by any other secure and effective means. The use of this
vessel is for the generation of carbonic acid gas in such a manner that when
attached by a connecting tube from the end h of the tube d to the lower end
of the tube c (Figure 2), the carbonic acid gas may pass into the apparatus,
Figure 2, and constitute a power by which fluid may be raised and drawn from
the cask H in that apparatus. This is to be done in the following manner:
The communication from the vessel, Figure 3 or 4, to the apparatus, Figure. 2,
should be made as air-tight as possible. The vessel should be raised into the
horizontal position, as in Figure 4; it should then be supplied with some liquid
acid, as,
for instance, diluted sulphuric acid-in such quantity as not to run into
the tube a; nor into the trough c, but so as to cover the mouth c when the
vessel is in the position, Figure 4. The trough'e should then be supplied with
some earthy or alkaline carbonate, as, for instance, the carbonate of lime or
common chalk, the vessel still remaining in the horizontal position. The lid
should then be securely applied to the mouth c, and the vessel placed in the
pendant position, as in Figure 3; the acid by its action on the .carbonate will
then disengage the carbonic acid gas, which from its having no other means
of escape will force itself into the apparatus, Figure 2, and produce the pressure
required to allow of the draught of the fluid above its level in the cask.
Figures 5 and 6 are vertical sections of a vessel close in all directions
The tube a should lead from the
except the tubes a and b, and the plug c.

page_text: vessel nearly or quite at its uppermost part. The tube 6 should enter a short
distance only from the lowermost part, and should be of such dimensions and
taking such a course as to allow a piece of chalk of the required size to descend
from the top thereof down to the plug c. This tube should be provided at
the top with a funnel or other shaped head d, the bottom of which should bo
as high above the vessel at the entrance of the tube a as the tap from which
fluid is to be drawn; by the help of this with the apparatus Figure 1 or 2 is
above the bottom of the cask from which the fluid is to be drawn. This head
should be capable of holding as much liquid as would be coutained in the
vessel above the level of the point eat the entrance of the tube b. The tube a
should ascend nearly or quite perpendicularly from the vessel till it is as high
as the top of the head d of the tube b; it should be there provided with a ball
f, of no definite dimensions, but of a size sufficient for the intended purpose.
It should enter at the bottom of the bulb, and the tube g should leave the
bulb at the top thereof. The plug c should be in the lowest part of the vessel,
and should be provided with a handle h, by which it may be partially removed
on the outside of the vessel.
The use of this vessel also is for the generation of carbonic acid gas in such
a manner that when attached by a connecting tube from the end h of the
tube g to the lower end of the tube c (Figure 2), the carbonic acid gas may
pass into the apparatus (Figure 2) and constitute a power by which fluid may
be raised and drawn from the cask II in that apparatus. This is to be dono
in the following mauner:-The communication from the vessel, Figures 5 or
6, to the apparatus, Figure 2, should be made as air-tight as possible. The
vessel is then to be filled nearly to the top of the tube b with some liquid acid,
as, for instance, dilute sulphuric acid, which will stand level in each of tho
tubes a and b, as shown in Figure 5. Then if a piece of earthy or alkaline
carbonate (as, for instance, carbonate of lime) be put into the tube b, it will
descend to the bottom of the vessel at the plug c, and by the action of the
acid carbonic acid gas will be disengaged, which will pass off by the tube a to
the apparatus Figure 2, which will thereby become condensed with the gas in
the same manner, and producing the same effect, as was shewn in the descrip-
tion of Figures 3 and 4. The remainder of the gas, after the apparatus
Figure 2 is condensed, will collect in the vessel below the entrance of the tube
a, and above the entrance of the tube b, as shown in Figure 6, the acid dis-
placed ascending the tubo b to the head d; and if still more gas is disengaged
than will condense the apparatus, Figure 2, and fill the vessel from the entrance
of the tube a to the entrance of the tube b, this will pass off up the tube b.
use of the plug c is to empty the vessel for the purpose of cleaning, and
l'he

page_text: the use of the bulb f is to receive any froth or acid that may be driven up by
the rapid disengagement of the gas, in order that it may return to the vessel,
instead of being driven over into the apparatus, Figure 2.
Figure 7 is a tube a, b, with a short tube c, d, crossing and communicating
with it at the end a. The end 6 of the tube a, b, is to be made to be as air-
tightly as possible attached to the end of the tube v (Figure 8). The end c of
the tube c, d, is to be made to be as air-tightly as possible attached to the lower
end of the tube c (Figure 2), and the end d of the tube c, d, is to be so mado
that the rod c will slide up and through the tube c, d, and be as air-tight as
possible at it the end d. The same apparatus is to bo made to fit by the end
c of the tube c, d, to the end h of the stop-cock h, Figure 2, or the simple tubo
a, b, without either the cross tube c, d, or the rod c may be made to commu-
nicate as air-tightly as possible from the end of the tube v, Figure 8, to the
end h of the stop-cock h, Figure 2. The use of these tubes will be explained
in describing Figure 8.
Figure 8 is a vertical section of a vessel A for the generation of carbonic
gas, a vertical section of a gasometer B, similarly constructed to those used
to contain hydrogen gas for purposes of illumination, with its appendages,
and a section in the course of the axis of the cylinder of a condensing syringo
(C). The vessel A has round its edge a trough a and a, into which fits loosely
the lid band b, with an opening c in the upper part thereof. This opening c is
surrounded by a trough d and d, into which fits loosely the lid e and c, with an
opening to which is attached a three-way cock g. This cock has one of its
branches attached to the opening f of the lid e and e, another branch i, open
or terminated by a funnel opening upwards, the third attached to a tube
leading through the stop-cock m to the gasometer B.
The troughs a and a and d and d should be so made that when the wholo
vessel is put together, and standing in such a position as to admit of being
filled with any liquid, they also will admit of being filled with liquid. The
branches of the three-way cock g, and the passage through its plug must be
to arranged that a communication may be made betwixt the branch and tho
brauch i, and also betwixt the branch hand the branch k; any communication
betwixt the branches and the branch i is unnecessary, indeed it would be
better avoided.
The gasometer with its appendages B is composed of the gasometer n, n, n, n
which is a vessel with its mouth downwards, and a stop-cock o opening at the
uppermost part thereof, guided up the rods p, p, and 9, 9, by the rings r, r, and
balanced across the pulley blocks or wheels s, s, by the weights t, t, and sus
pended in the vessels u, u, u, u. This vessel has three tubes 1, r, and u, going

page_text: through its bottom, or one tube with three branch tubes on the under side of
the vessel u, u, u, u, or two tubes with two branches on the under sido of the
vessel u, u, u, u, to one of the tubes. These tubes or this tube should ascend
a trifle higher than the edge of the vessel u, u, u, u. The tube l, as has been
before noticed, communicates through the stop-cock m with the vessel A.
The tube v communicates through the stop-cock x¹, with the tube a, b, Figure
7. The tube w communicates through the stop-cock y with the condensing
syringe C.
The condensing syringe C, withits appendages.-This cyringe C is composed
of the cylinder a, a, a, a,) with its piston, piston rod, and handle; (b, b, b), an
opening to the tube (c) at the lower end, a stuffing box (d) at the other end,
through which the piston rod works, and an opening (e) near the top, which
should be above the range of the piston. The tube (C) has first from the
syringe the branch tube (f), which may be either attached to it or may at
once come direct from the lower end of the syringe below the range of the
piston; it has next the valve (9) opening upwards towards the syringe, then
the branch tube h leading to the three-way cock (i), and, lastly, the three-way
cock (k) communicating with the tube (w) of the gasometer B. The three-
way cock (i) has its branch (2) open, which may be terminated by a funnel, its
branch (m) communicating with the tube (h), and its branch (n) entering the
syringe at the opening (e); these branches with the plug should be so con-
structed that the branch (n) may communicate with the branches (1) and (m),
not with both at the same time, but with each separately; the branches (l) and
(m) are not required to communicate, indeed it would be better that they
should not be capable of so doing. The three-way cock (k) has its branch
(o) connected with the tube (c), its branch (p) connected with the tube (w),
and its branch (9) open; these branches and the plug should be so constructed
that the branch (o) may communicate with the branches (p) and (9), not with
both at the same time, but with each separately; the branches (p) and (9)
will be better not to communicate. This apparatus (Figure 8) is to be used
thus the piston (6) of the condensing syringe C should be down; the three-
way cock (i), at the top of the syringe, should have the branch (1) communi-
cating with the branch (n); the tube (f) of the syringe should be securely
connected to the lower end of the tube (e, Figure 2); the three-way cock (k),
connecting the tube (c) with the tube (w) should be so placed as to allow a
communication between these tubes; the gasometer (n, n, n, n,) should be as.
low as possible in the vessel (u, u, u, u), which vessel should be full of water;
the water standing within the gasometer at the same lovel as without; the
stop-cocks, (o), (m), and (w) should be open, and the stop-cock (r) closed; the

page_text: vessel A should be nearly filled with some liquid acid, as, for instance, dilute
sulphuric acid, and the trough (a, a.) into which fits the larger lid (b,b,) at
which the vessel is to be emptied and cleaned, and the trough (d, d,) into
which fits the lesser lid (c, c), should be filled with water; the three-way cock
(g) of the vessel A should be placed with the tube (h) communicating with the
tube (2); the lid (e, e,) should be now removed, and some carthy or alkaline
carbonate introduced into the vessel A at the opening (c), and the lid (c, c,)
should be immediately replaced. The acid in the vessel A acting on the car-
bonate will disengage carbonic acid gas, which will rise into the upper part of
the vessel, forcing the atmospheric air, which is lighter than itself, out at the
branch (i) of the three-way cock (9); when all the atmospheric air has
escaped the branches (h) and (k) of the three-way cock (9) should be made to
communicate; the carbonic acid gas will then pass through the tube (!) and
the stop-cock (m) to the gasometer B, then by compressing the gasometer or
removing the weights (t and t) the atmospheric air will escape through the
stop-cock (o); when the atmospheric air has escaped the stop-cock (o) should
be closed, and the weights (t and t) replaced; then, if sufficient of the acid and
carbonate has been supplied to the vessel A, the gasometer will be filled with
carbonic acid gas, and if more than necessary has been supplied the gasometer
not being capable of rising higher than the pulley blocks or wheels (s and s),
the surplus gas will then escape betwixt the gasometer (n, n, n, n,) and the
vessel (u, u, u, u), or it will force a passage through one or other of the
water joints formed by the lid (b, b,) of the vessel A dipping into the
trough (a, a,) or the lid (e, e,) of the same vessel dipping into the trough
(d, d). The gasometer being thus supplied with gas, the piston (6) of the
condensing syringe C is to be raised; by this motion carbonic acid gas will
be drawn from the gasometer into the syringe on the under side of the piston,
and the atmospheric air before contained on the upper side of the piston will
be forced out at the branch (1) of the three-way cock (7); this cock should be
then turned, so as to make the branch (n) communicate with the branch (m).
In this position of the apparatus, and as has been before directed, the tubo
(f) connected as air-tightly as possible with the lower end of the tube (c,
Figure 2), the apparatus, Figure 2, may be condensed by the syringe drawing
gas from the gasometer and forcing it through the tube (c, Figure 2,) into that
apparatus; by this method of condensation fluid may be drawn at any height
from the cask H, Figure 2, that the convenience of any parties making uso
thereof can require, and the waste of gas at the syringe by escape betwixt tho
piston and the cylinder will be prevented by the return thereof to the lower
side of the piston through the tube (h), instead of its escaping through the

page_text: stuffing box (d). The funnel-like appendages to the stop-cock (0) of the
gasometer B and the three-way cocks (g) and. (i) of the vessel A and the con-
densing syringe C are for the purpose of ascertaining when all the atmospheric
air has escaped from these several parts of the apparatus, for if any infla-
mable substance be ignited and placed therein; it will continue to burn whilst
atmospheric air is escaping, but will be extinguished by the carbonic acid gas
as soon as all the air has escaped; then these cocks should be so adjusted that
any further escape may be prevented. The use of the apparatus (Figure 8)
in the manner described is for the draft of such fluids as are subject to the
acetous fermentation, as, for instance, beer, porter, cyder, and wines, the pre-
sence of free oxygen, especially when under the influence of pressure, strongly
disposing them to this change; but when the fluids to be drawn are not liable
to this fermentation, the carbonic acid gas is superfluous, and the cost thereof
may be avoided; this may be done in the following manner :-Turn the three-
way cock () of the condensing syringe so as to cut off the communication
betwixt the tube (c) and the tube (w), and open the communication betwixt
the branch (7) and the tube (c), then if the syringe be worked atmospheric air
instead of gas will be forced into the apparatus containing the liquid to be
drawn; after this has been done care should be taken to displace the atmo-
pheric air from the syringe in the manner before directed, previous to bringing
it into operation on any liquid subject to the acetous fermentation. The use
of apparatus, Figure 7, in conjunction with the gasometer B, Figure 8, is to
recover the carbonic acid gas from the apparatus, Figure 2, after the cask H
has been emptied; the water is first to be let off from the appendage I, Figure
2, and from the trough round the edge of the plate F, G, Figure 2; then the
end (b) of the tube (a, b,) being attached to the end of the tube (v) of the
gasometer B, Figure 8, to the other end (a), or the end (c) of the cross tube
(c, d.) may be attached to the mouth of the stop-cock (h), Figure 2, or the
end c of the cross tube (c, d,) may be attached to the lower end of the
tube (c, Figure 2), or the end e of the cross tube (c, d,) may be attached to
the lower end of the tube (d, Figure 2); in the first of these cases, where the
attachment is to the stop-cock (h, Figure 2), the condensed gas may be
let off into the gasometer B, Figure 8, by opening the cocks (h, Figure 2.)
and (x of the gasometer B, Figure 8); in the second case, where the
attachment is to the lower end of the tube (c, Figure 2), the condensed
gas may be let off into the gasometer B, Figure 8, by opening its cock x,
and with the rod (c, Figure 7,) raising the valve at the upper part of the tube
(c, Figure 2); in the third case, where the attachment is to the lower end of
the tube (d, Figure 2), the condensed gas may be let off into the gasometer

page_text: B, Figure 8, by opening its stop-cock and the stop-cock (c, Figure 2). The
condensed gas having been drawn off, the remainder may be drawn off in the
following manner:-The gasometer. (n, n, n, n, Figuro 8,) should be slightly
disposed to rise, which may be occasioned by increasing the weights (t, t), its
stop-cockmust be open; the cocks (m, (y,) will now be better. closed, then the
end (b) of the tube (a, b, Figure 7,) being attached to the end (2) of the tube ()
of the gasometer B, Figure 8, and the end (c) of the cross tube (c, d), Figure 7,
to the lower end of the tube.(c, Figure 2), the valve of the tube (c, Figure 2;)
being raised by the rod (e, Figure 7,) and the stop-cock (h, Figure 2,) being
open, the gasometer (n, i, n, n, Figure 8,) from its disposition to rise will draw
gas from the apparatus, Figure 2, the place of which will be supplied by air
entering at the cock (h, Figure 2); in this manner may be drawn off all the
gas that is without the cask II, Figure 2; to draw off, that within the cask,
the end (c) of the cross tube (c, d) must be removed from the lower end of
the tube (c, Figure 2,) to the lower end of the tube (d, Fig. 2), then tho
gasometer B being circumstanced as in the last case, and, the stop-cocks
(ef, and h, Figure 2,) being open, the gas within the cask II, Figure 2; will
be drawn off also. The gasometer B, Figure 8, may be also used in con-
junction with tlie apparátus; Figure 7, to remove the atmospheric. air. from
the apparatus, Figuro' 2; previously to its being condensed with carbonic acid
gas.
For this purpose, the gasometer being previously supplied with a
sufficient quantity of carbonic acid gas, let the lower end of the tube (c;
Figure 2,) be connected with the tube (v) of the gasometer B, Figure 8, by
the apparatus, Figure 7, in the manner before directed, with the valve at the
upper end of the tube (c, Figure 2,).supported by the rod (e) of the apparatus;
Figure 7; that the stop-cock (h), Figure 2, being open, let the gasometer
(n,n, n, n), Figure 8; be compressed or the weights (t, t,) removed, and by the
pressure of the gasonicter (n, m, n, n,) carbonic acid gas, will enter the appa-
ratus, Figure 2, and the atmospheric. air will pass off at the. stop-cock (h),
Figure 2: The gasometer B, Figure 8, may also be used to supply carbonic
acid gas to the apparatus, Figure 2, or to the cavity of any otherwise con-
structed close vessel, in order to allow of the draught of fluid without pressure
or condensation. This may be done in the following manner:-Let a con-
tinuation of the tube (v) of the gasometer B, Figure:8; enter the apparatus,
Figure 2, by the tube (c) with its valve removed; or by a tube in any other
part of the apparatus without a valve; or if into another vessel then by-a tube
above the level of the fluid to be drawn; then if in the case. of the apparatus,
Figure 2, let the stop-cock (h) be opened, and the gasometer: being placed
under the same circumstances as in the preceding directions all the atmo-

page_text: spheric air will be removed, which done, the cock (h) is to be closed, and as
fluid is drawn from the apparatus, Figure 2, carbonic acid gas will enter to allow
of further draught; but if in the case of any other close vessel then the upper-
most part of the vessel must be provided with a stop-cock or plug to answer
the purpose of the stop-cock (h), Figure 2; this cock or plug being open, and
the gasometer still placed under the circumstances last directed, all the
atmospheric air will escape from the vessel, and the cock or plug at the
uppermost part of the vessel being then closed, carbonic acid gas will flow
into the vessel as liquid is drawn out, allowing thereby the continuance of the
draught..
Figure 9 is a safety valve pressed down by a lever, on which slides a
weight to regulate the pressures. From the lower side of the socket of the
valve is a tube dipping deep into a vessel of oil, water, or some other liquid.
By this means no condensed air or gas can escape without first driving the
oil or other liquid through the valve. One of these valves is to be attached
to the tube (h, Figure 3 and 4, and the tube (f) of the condensing syringe C,
Figure 8, and if the apparatus, Figure 1 or 2, contains a liquid, which, by
fermentation or any other process produces an evolution of gas, and thus
effects a condensation, that will endanger the security of that apparatus; one
also should be attached thereto. This valve is to be attached by its tube (a)
in such a manner that the valvo with the tube from its socket máy stand
perpendicularly; then if the valve has been acted on, the oil, which is repre-
sented by the yellow colour, will be driven above the valve. For this the
tube (a) of the three-way cock must communicate with the tube (c); then to
allow the oil to return and set the valve again in its required position, the
tube (6) must be made to communicate with the tube (c), the valve must be
raised; and the oil or other liquid will then return; the valve is then to be
replaced, and the three-way cock placed in its former position.
Figure 10 is a vertical section of an apparatus which must be made of
metal or some other material sufficiently strong and air-tight. This apparatus
or vessel is close in all directions except the tube B which leads from the top,
the tube C which enters near the lower part, and the plug and plug-hole D
which is. in some part of the bottom of the vessel. This vessel has in its
interior five perpendicular rods a, a, b, b, c, c, d, d, and e, e. a, a, and b, b,
serve to direct the float E, which must be sufficiently buoyant in water to raise
the cross rod f, f, into the position of the dotted lines above it, and of
sufficient weight when the vessel is empty to compress the cross rod 9, 9, into
the position of the dotted lines below it. The cross rod f, f, works on a pin
in the rod a, a, as also does the cross rod g, g, each of them moving on the

page_text: rod b, b, with some suitable curb to prevent their being displaced; the rod
ff, is attached to the rod h, h, which slides horizontally through apertures in
or affixed to the rods c, c, and d, d, by the line v, which works round the
pulley block k. This rod (f. f.) on being raised by the float E pulls the rod
h, h, towards the rods a, a, and b, b, when the rod f, f, returns to its position;
the weight t working across the pulley block 1, and attached by the line w to
the rod h, h, pulls the rod h, h, back again towards the rod c, c.
The rod 9, 9,
is attached by the line a, which works across the pulley block m to the rod i, i,
which slides horizontally through apertures in or affixed to the rods c, c, and
d, d. This rod 9, 9, on being depressed by the float E pulls the rod i, i,
towards the rods a, a, and b, b, when the rod 7, 9, returns to its position. Tho
weight working across the pulley block n, and attached by the line y to
the rod i, i, pulls the rod i, i, back again towards the rod e, e, at the end of the
rod h, h. Towards the rod e, e, is a catch p moving when pressed downwards
only. This catch may be dispensed with, and the ring of the float F may
be made moveable to answer the same purpose. At the end of the rod i, i,
towards the rod e, e, is a catch q moving when pressed upwards only. The
rod d, d, besides serving to direct the rods h, h, and i, i, serves also with the
rode, c, to direct the float F. The float F is attached by the line & to the
button-like top (s) of the plug D; the float F cannot descend lower than
the studs o, o, at which point it is held by the ring catching on the catch
These studs o, o, and the rod h, h, with its catch p should be so low that when
the float E has ascended to the rod f, f, and by raising it released the float F
from the catch p, the float F before it has ascended to the same height with
the float E must have raised the plug D by the line () so as to catch its
button-like top (s) on the catch 9; the stays 2, 2, will prevent the plug D
ascending to an undue height, and the line (§), if of the proper length, will
prevent the float F rising above the rods c, c, and d, d. The rod i, i, must be
so high as by its catch to hold the plug D in such a position that the water
will run freely from the vessel, and so low that when the plug D has risen as
high as the stays,, will allow it, its button-like top shall have caught on
the catch q. The top of the tube C should be as high above the rod f, f, as
the tap from which liquid is to be drawn is above the bottom of the vessel
containing the liquid. The top of the tube C should be surmounted with a
head G, into which enters a ball-cock II, the ball whereof should close the
cock when the head is nearly full and open it when the head is nearly empty.
Under the plug-hole D should be a vessel I with a hole in the bottom much
smaller than the plug-hole D. This vessel is to bo affixed to a rod with a
weight at the other end, and suspended with the weight preponderating when
2.

page_text: :
the vessel is empty, and the vessel preponderating when full by a fulcrum
betwixt the weight and the vessel. Betwixt the fulcrum and the vessel I a
line is to be attached connected with a rod or lever attached to the plug of
the ball-cock H. This line to be so contrived that when the vessel I descends
by being full of water it will close the ball-cock H, then the tube B being
connected securely and air-tightly with the lower end of the tube c (Figure 1),
water from the ball-cock H will run into the apparatus (Figure 10), and will
press the atmospheric air above the entrance of the tube C into the apparatus
(Figure 1), allowing liquid to be drawn from the cask H in that apparatus as
high above the level of the liquid in the cask as the water in the head G
(Figure 10) is above the water in the interior of the vessel (Figure 10); as
liquid is drawn from the cask (Figure 1) water will rise in the interior of the
vessel (Figure 10), with it the float E will rise till it raises the rod f, f, this
will pull the rod h, h, towards the pulley block k, and release the float F from
the catch P; the float F rising will raise the plug D, and catch its button-like
head on the catch q, the water will then run through the plug-hole D,
emptying the apparatus and filling the vessel I. This descending will close
the ball-cock H, and cutting off the supply of water therefrom, atmospheric
air will enter the apparatus from the tube C; as the apparatus becomes
reduced of its water the float F will descend till its ring r is again caught
by the catch p, and the float E will descend till it presses down the rod g, g;
this will pull the catch 9 from under the button-like head of the plug D, and
the plug will fall into its place, closing that part of the apparatus; the water
will run out of the vessel I by the holo at bottom, and that vessel, returning
to its former place by the action of the weight at the other end of its rod will
allow the ball-cock to open when the supply of water will be renewed for
further draught. This is intended as a self-acting apparatus where there is
a constant current of water.
The tubes h and h, Figures 3 and 4; h and h, Figures 5 and 6; f of the
condensing syringe; C, Figure 8; B, Figure 10; and v of the gasometer B
(Figure 8), may be made to communicate with any number of apparatuses of
the kind Figures 1 and 2, or with any number of any other kinds of vessels,
by being divided into branch tubes; these may be either provided each with a
stop-cock, so that one apparatus or vessel may be acted on at a time, or they
may communicate freely, so that all the apparatuses or vessels may be acted
on at the same time.
Having described the nature of my Invention, I would remark that I am
aware that it has before been proposed to use carbonic acid gas, and also
atmospheric air, to fill up the vacuity caused by drawing off liquids; but in

page_text: such cases the vessels containing such liquids were of themselves air-tight, in
order to prevent the passage of the gas or air, which the ordinary wooden casks
would not be capable of doing; and I am not aware that a separate chamber
for receiving the ordinary vessels containing liquids has ever before been pro-
posed or used, my Invention only relating to using a separate vessel to receive
the vessel containing the fluids to be drawn off, such separate vessel constituting
a separate chamber into which the containing vessel is to be placed, and to be
open to the effect of the air or gases pervading such separate vessel.
And my Invention only relates to the using such separate vessel in the mode
described, and the claims hereafter made are subject to this qualification.
In Figures 1 and 2, I do not claim as my Invention the valve nor any of
the cocks nor clamps separately.
But I do claim as my Invention their adaptation to the purposes for which
they are there represented as being used.
And I do also claim the remainder of the construction of both apparatuses;
and, moreover, I do not only claim the construction hereof, as shewn in the
Drawings, which I consider merely as a convenient arrangement of parts, but
I do claim as my Invention any close vessel in which another vessel may be
enclosed, with two or more ducts or tubes passing into or from the said close
vessel in such manner that one duct or tube will allow carbonic acid gas or
any other aeriform fluid to flow from an external vessel or reservoir into the
aforesaid close vessel, and another duct or tube convey liquid from the enclosed
vessel to the exterior of the aforesaid close vessel; and by this ingress of car-
bonic acid gas or other fluid from an external vessel or reservoir into the
aforesaid close vessel allow liquid when required to run freely from the said
enclosed vessel to the exterior of the aforesaid close vessel. I do also claim as
my Invention the adaptation of the aforesaid close vessel to be condensed with
air, carbonic acid gas, or any other gaseous fluid whereby fluid may be drawn
from the aforesaid enclosed vessel at a greater height than the level of the fluid
which it contains. And I furthermore claim as my Invention the adaptation
of a stop-cock, plug, or other suitable contrivance to the aforesaid close vessel;
and not only to the aforesaid close vessel, but to any other vessel whereby the
atmospheric air contained may be drawn off, and carbonic acid gas or any
other gaseous fluid alone made the means whereby liquid will be allowed to
run freely from the aforesaid enclosed vessel to the exterior of the aforesaid
close vessel, or from any other vessel, or by which the aforesaid close vessel or
any other vessel may be condensed, so that fluid may be drawn from the
aforesaid enclosed vessel or any other vessel at a greater height than the
level of the fluid within it.

page_text: In Figures 3 and 4 I claim as my Invention the construction of every part
except the joint allowing a passage from the vessel into the tube h and the
clamp and lid; I claim the adaptation of every part to the purposes for which
they are represented in the Drawing as being used; and I also claim as my
Invention the evolution of carbonic acid gas in a close vessel, whereby it
becomes a power suited to the draught of fluid from vessels above their level
in the vessels, whatever may be the figure or construction of the vessel in
which the carbonic acid gas is evolved.
In Figures 5 and 6 I claim as my Invention the whole of the apparatus,
and its adaptation to the purposes there represented and described; I also
claim as my Invention the evolution of carbonic acid gas under the influence
of hydrostatic pressure, whereby it becomes a power adapted to the draught of
fluids from vessels above their level in the vessels.
In Figure 8 I only claim the adaptation of the apparatus to my purposes,
that is, the condensation of the apparatus Figures 1 and 2, or any other vessel,
for the purpose of drawing fluids at a greater height than their level; and I
also claim the application of the generating vessel A and the gasometer B as
a means of supplying carbonic acid gas to allow of the draught of liquids at or
below their level from the apparatuses Figures 1 and 2, or from any other
vessel.
In Figure 9 I claim as my Invention the contrivance whereby oil or other
fluid must pass the valve before condensed air or gas can escape, and the adap-
tation of the three-way cock to allow of the return of the oil or other fluid; I
only claim this, however, as far as it is adapted to secure the safety of my
other apparatus.
In Figure 10 I claim as my Invention the subjecting atmospheric air to
hydrostatic pressure, whereby a power is produced which may be used to draw
fluids from vessels above their level in those vessels; and I also claim the
arrangement of the whole of the self-acting or rather water-acting apparatus
whereby the bydrostatic pressure is renewed.
Lastly, I claim as my Invention the supplying the interior of a separate
vessel with carbonic acid gas as a means of supplying the place of the liquids
drawn from another vessel, it being necessary that their place should be sup-
plied by some means in order to allow of the continuance of the draught.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Phillips, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven.
CHARLES (L.S.) PHILLIPS.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourteenth day of January, in
year of our Lord 1837, the aforesaid Charles Phillips came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statuto made for that purpose.