An Apparatus for Obtaining Carbonic Acid.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 18th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Nov., 1893-Accepted, 5th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
An Apparatus for Obtaining Carbonic Acid.
I, ALBERT MÜLLER, of Nieder-Schönweide, near Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany, Inspector of Factories, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction of an apparatus by which the carbonic
acid absorbed by alkaline solutions is driven off or obtained in the most suitable
manner for the purpose of being compressed.
The apparatus consists of a boiler, the upper portion of which contains the
alkaline fluid out of which the carbonic acid is to be driven and which is provided
with a number of tubes through which the carbonic acid driven off in the lower
part of the boiler passes, warming the alkaline fluid on its way and becoming
partially cooled and is then carried off through corresponding tubes to the
purifier or to the gasholder.
The lower part of the boiler contains a corrugated plate placed obliquely, over
which plate the alkaline fluid contained in the upper part of the boiler runs
slowly and gradually downwards and by heating the corrugated plate the carbonic
In the
acid contained in the fluid is driven off as the latter runs down.
fore part of the lower boiler there branches off a compartment the whole
depth of which is traversed by tubes placed horizontally, and which is filled
from the upper boiler, by means of two vertical supply tubes with the alkaline
fluid up to the level of the hot plate, down which it runs in a continuous,
equable manner and is gradually brought to the boiling point. By the continual
access of fresh fluid and the removal of that which has been treated a constant
circulation is kept up. Below the corrugated plate, which forms a series of
evaporating dishes, the gases of combustion from the carbonic acid generator
enter the boiler, heat the plate, then pass through the upper series of tubes, in
the warming chamber in the fore part of the lower part of the boiler and pass
back through the lower series of tubes in the warming chamber from whence
they are conveyed through the cooler and purifier to the absorption apparatus.
Dated the 18th day of July 1893
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Apparatus for Obtaining Carbonic Acid.
I, ALBERT MÜLLER, of Nieder-Schönweide, near Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany, Inspector of Factories, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the construction of an apparatus by which the carbonic
acid absorbed by alkaline solutions is driven off or obtained in the most suitable
manner for the purpose of being compressed.
In the accompanying drawing wherein like parts in the several figures are
indicated by like letters of reference,-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of an apparatus for obtaining carbonic acid
constructed according to my invention :

page_text: Figure 2 is a transverse section on the line x x of Figure 1:
Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line yy of Figure 1; and
Figure 4 is a sectional plan view shewing the top of the lower section of the
apparatus.
The apparatus comprises two sections connected together by means of an outer
flange and the entire apparatus, with the exception of the pipe connections and the
overflow pipes, is made of wrought iron. The several parts of the apparatus may
be secured together by screws. The pipe connections and overflow pipes are
preferably made of cast-iron.
The arrows marked 1 indicate the direction of flow of the carbonic acid, those
marked 2 the direction of the flow of the heating gases and those marked 3 the
direction of the flow of the liquid.
A indicates the interior space of the upper section of the apparatus which is
separated from the lower section by the bottom to which are attached the thin
cooling tubes b. B is the pipe connection through which the gases of combustion
enter. D is a corrugated boiler plate and C is a vacant space underneath the
plate D, the said space extending from the boiler E to the pipe connection B and
forming a conduit for the gases of combustion. The corrugated plate D which is
inclined from the boiler E is made of heavy sheet iron with a longitudinal flange
on each side conforming to the corrugations, the said flanges serving to connect the
plate to the side walls of the lower section within which it is located. The flanges
may be attached to the side walls by screws or otherwise.
The interior of the boiler E is in direct communication with the plate D and is
in communication with the upper section A of the apparatus through tubes d.
F indicates a vacant space between the bottom of the upper section A and those
parts of the lower section covered by or filled with liquid, the said space serving
to receive the carbonic acid given off in the lower section. G indicates a dome
provided with two pipe connections through which the carbonic acid is discharged
from the apparatus and H indicates the connection for the pipe through which
crude gases mixed with carbonic acid are ejected from the apparatus. The boiler E
is rectangular in form and is provided with a series of horizontal tubes a, half the
number of which communicate with the space beneath the plate D and the space C¹
and half with the spaces C1 and C2 of which latter the pipe connection H is the
outlet. On each side of the upper and lower section of the apparatus there are
pipe connections. Those of the upper section are marked c and those of the
lower section f. In Figure 2 the positions of the pipes B and H are shewn in
dotted lines.
The apparatus operates continuously as follows:-
The saturated liquid which passes out from an absorbing apparatus is forced by
means of a pump, and of pipes attached to the two connections c, c into the cooling
compartment A of the apparatus and fills the same to the upper edges of the over-
flow pipes d and drops through the latter pipes to the bottom of the tubular
boiler E, filling the latter to its top e, and from thence the liquid passes onto the
corrugated plate D, flowing from each depression of the same over the adjacent
elevation until it finally leaves the last depression through the pipe connections f,f
of the lower section of the apparatus to be re-introduced into the absorbing
apparatus after having first circulated through a cooler. As soon as the flow of
liquid through the pipes attached to the connections f, f indicates that all the
parts of the apparatus which are to receive the liquid have been filled, the gases
containing carbonic acid produced by processes of combustion or of roasting are
conducted from the generator through a pipe connected to the pipe connection B
into the space underneath the boiler plate D from which they pass through the
upper series of tubes a into the space and thence through the lower series of the
said tubes into the chamber C2 and finally into the discharge pipe attached to
the pipe connection H which communicates with a purifying apparatus.
The thin stream of liquid distributed over the boiler plate D is by the action of
the hot gases quickly raised to boiling point. The carbonic acid which is expelled

page_text: at as low a temperature as 80° C. now begins while passing through the thin
vertical tubes 6 of the cooling apparatus to give up its heat to the liquid surrounding
the same, the cooler thus serving as a preliminary heater.
In this apparatus the liquid, even when the temperature of the heating gases is
comparatively low, reaches a temperature of more than 80° C., and when this
temperature is reached the carbonic acid begins to be set free.
The temperature of the liquid is increased according to the distance which it is
compelled to travel and in proportion as the carbonic acid in the liquid is reduced
and requires for its expulsion a higher temperature. The carbonic acid thus set
free leaves the apparatus through the pipe connections of the dome G which
communicate with suitable conduits.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The herein described method of obtaining or effecting the continuous expulsion
of carbonic acid from alkaline liquids, consisting in subjecting the liquids to a
preliminary heating by the expelled carbonic acid and then subjecting them to the
direct heat of gases of combustion, substantially as set forth.
2. In an apparatus for obtaining or expelling carbonic acid from liquids, the
combination with a compartment serving as a preliminary heater for the liquids,
of a second compartment adapted to be heated by gases of combustion, and
through which latter compartment the liquids circulate and are further heated,
substantially as set forth.
3. In an apparatus for obtaining or expelling carbonic acid from liquids, the
combination with an upper compartment provided with a series of vertical tubes
in its bottom, and into which compartment the liquid is first admitted, of a lower
compartment in communication with the upper compartment through the said
vertical tubes and through an overflow pipe or pipes, and a heating apparatus
within the said lower compartment, substantially as set forth.
4. In an apparatus for obtaining or expelling carbonic acid from liquids the
combination with an upper compartment provided with a series of vertical tubes in
its bottom and in which compartment the liquid is preliminarily heated, of a lower
compartment in communication with the upper compartment through the said
vertical tubes and through an overflow pipe or pipes, a heating apparatus within
the lower compartment provided with horizontal heating tubes and pipe connections
for the admission and discharge of heating gases which circulate through the said
heating apparatus, substantially as set forth.
5. In an apparatus for obtaining or expelling carbonic acid from liquids the
combination with an upper compartment provided with a series of vertical tubes
in its bottom, of a lower compartment in communication with the upper com-
partment through the said vertical tubes and through an overflow pipe or pipes, a
heating apparatus in the said lower compartment through which gases of com-
bustion are adapted to circulate, and a boiling-plate extending from the top of the
heating apparatus to the point of entrance of the heating gases, substantially as
set forth.
6. In an apparatus for obtaining or expelling carbonic acid from liquids the
combination with an upper compartment provided with a series of vertical tubes in
its bottom, of a lower compartment in communication with the upper compartment
through the said vertical tubes, a heating apparatus in the lower compartment in
communication with the upper compartment by an overflow pipe or pipes, and a
corrugated boiling-plate connected with the heating apparatus at its top and
inclined to the point of entrance of the heating gases, the depressions in the
corrugated plate forming receptacles from which the liquid after filling the same
successively passes out at a high temperature, substantially as set forth.
7. The combination with the upper compartment A provided with a series of
vertical tubes in its bottom and with a dome through which the liberated carbonic

page_text: acid escapes, and also with an inlet for the alkaline liquids, of a lower compartment
comprising three chambers as F, C1, C2, and having an inlet into the chamber C₁
for the gases of combustion and an outlet for the said gases from the chamber C³,
a boiler within the said lower compartment in communication with the upper com-
partment by an overflow pipe or pipes and having a series of horizontal tubes
through which pass the gases of combustion, and a boiling-plate connected with the
top of the heating apparatus and inclined to the point of entrance of the gases of
combustion, substantially as set forth.
8. The improved apparatus for obtaining carbonic acid hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated the 23rd day of November 1893.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.