IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CASKS, CANS, KEGS, AND CISTERNS, AND METAL CASINGS FOR BOTTLES, BARRELS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND ALSO IN TOOLS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Evans, of 18, Charles Terrace, Casland
Road, South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC
CASKS, CANS, KEGS, AND CISTERNS, AND METAL CASINGS FOR BOTTLES,
BARRELS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND ALSO IN TOOLS EMPLOYED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURE."
Sealed the 16th February 1869, and dated the 21st August 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1868.
I, DANIEL EVANS, of 18, Charles Terrace, Casland Road, South
Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
METALLIC CASES, CANS, KEGS, AND CISTERNS, AND METAL CASINGS FOR BOTTLES,
BARRELS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND ALSO IN TOOLS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANU-
FACTURE," to be as follows:-
In bending plates to form a square can, vessel, or casing I use a

page_text: square roller or mandril revolving either horizontally or vertically.
Underneath the square mandril, if horizontal, I place rollers, and con-
nected with these rollers there is a lever or levers; to the end of
the lever or levers I apply weight or pressure, so that when the square
mandril is turned round the rollers press against the square mandril
and so bend the iron around the square mandril forming sharp angles
at the corners; or I place a bed plate with rollers underneath the square
mandril, and under the bed plate I place springs or elastic material
of sufficient strength to bend the iron into the proper form.
In forming a can or bottle with a taper neck, and either square or round,
I form the body and neck of one piece of metal, and I form the seam of
the body on the inside and by preference at the corner or corners.
The body and neck of such cans or bottles hitherto have been made
in two parts, and the seam or flange of the body has been on the outside.
I employ casings constructed as above described to case glass or
earthenware bottles, barrels, and cisterns. I put an elastic substance
or springs between the bottle, barrel, or cistern, and the casing. The
cover of the casing I fasten by bolts or rivets inside the corners or
otherwise. I also case glass and earthenware bottles or other vessels
with a network of metallic wire, and I interpose elastic material
between the vessel and the casing; by preference I first cover the
glass or earthenware bottle or vessel with stout sheet india-rubber, and
then by hand I form a network or latticework of wire over the
india-rubber covering; in this way the bottle or vessel is effectually
protected from damage by violence.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Daniel Evans in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th February 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
EVANS, of 18, Charles Terrace, Casland Road, South Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-

page_text: second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Daniel Evans, Her special licence that
I, the said Daniel Evans, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Daniel Evans, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF METALLIC CASES, CANS, KEGS, AND CISTERNS, AND METAL CASINGS
FOR BOTTLES, BARRELS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND ALSO IN TOOLS EMPLOYED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Daniel Evans, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Evans, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of metallic casks, cans, kegs, and cisterns, and metal casings for
bottles, barrels, and other vessels, and also in tools employed in such
manufacture.
In bending plates to form a square can, vessel, or casing I use a
square or polygonal roller or mandril revolving either horizontally or
vertically. Underneath the mandril, if horizontal, I place rollers, and
connected with these rollers there is a lever or levers; to the end of
the lever or levers I apply weight or pressure, so that when the mandril
is turned round the rollers press against the mandril and so bend the
iron around it forming the angles at the corners of the can, vessel, or
casing; I use springs of sufficient strength to press the rollers up to
the mandril and bend the iron into the proper form.
In forming a can or bottle with a taper neck I form the body and
neck of one piece of metal, and I form the seam of the body by preference

page_text: When the metal to form a can has thus been bent on the mandril
it is placed upon a block with a pyramidal head, and the four flaps for
the neck are beaten down upon it to the form shown at Figure 5. The
several joints are now soldered; this may be done with an iron or by
dipping the angles in melted metal. The socket e at the top for the
bung or stopper is made and soldered in as heretofore. The bottom is
made of a piece of sheet metal notched out at the angles, as is shown
at Figure 6, and bent up along the dotted lines ff, by stamping in
suitable tools. It is inserted into the bottom of the can, and to give
additional strength to the joint a piece of hoop iron bent to the sectional
form shown at Figure 7 is placed along each side of the bottom as a cap.
These pieces clip together the edges of the body and the bottom, and
rivets passed through the edges and through the wider and outer
limb of the bent hoop iron hold the whole together. The joint is
completed by soldering, which is best effected by dipping into melted
metal. Figure 8 shows to a larger scale the bottom angle of the can.
When a strainer is required to be fitted to the mouth of a can I fit
it in the manner shown at Figure 9.
Metal casks and kegs are made in a similar manner but without
a neck, and a cover or lid is used which is like the bottom, and may
be fixed in any convenient manner according to the nature of the
goods stored in them. Figures 10 and 11 show such casks or kegs.
Cases for bottles are made like the casks or kegs. The spaces between
the bottle and the side of the case are filled with sawdust or similar
material, and the cover is drawn down tight upon it by bolts and nuts,
as is shown at Figures 12.
Cisterns are made from sheet metal in the same way as casks or kegs,
by bending sheet metal around a mandril; but I prefer to weld the joints
covering them externally or internally with angle irons, as is shown at
Figure 13.
In order to protect carboys or other large glass or eathenware bottles
from injury by violence I clothe them with elastic material; I prefer for
this purpose stout sheet india-rubber or sheet cork, and over the cork I
form a wickerwork of wire, or it may for large sizes be of thin and
narrow hoop iron; bottle or carboy so covered is shown at Figure 14.
Similar wickerwork has before in some cases been formed around bottles
but never with elastic material interposed between the wickerwork and
the sides of the bottle.

page_text: What I claim is, the improvements in the manufacture of metallic
casks, cans, kegs, and cisterns, and metal casings for bottles and other
vessels, and also in tools employed in such manufacture, substantially as
above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Evans, have hereunto 5
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.