Improvements in and relating to Gas Generators.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Dec., 1896-Accepted, 3rd July, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Gas Generators.
I, THOMAS HENNESSY, a Citizen of the United States of America, doing business at
614 to 618 Wyandotte Street, Kansas City, in the County of Jackson and State of
Missouri, United States of America, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved duplex generator and carburetor for making
water-gas and other similar products from bituminous or anthracite coal. The object
of the invention is to enable these products to be made in as simple a manner as
possible and with the expenditure of the minimum amount of coal; also to improve
the character of the resulting gas product. Other manifold advantages will appear as
we proceed in the course of the description of the construction and operation of the
apparatus. The invention therefore consists in the construction, arrangement and
combination of parts, substantially as will be hereinafter described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention-
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved gas making and carburetting
apparatus.
Figure 2 is a rear elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the complete apparatus.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken through the generators and the super-
heater.
Figure 5 is an enlarged detail side elevation of an improved part of the apparatus.
Figure 6 is a modified sectional view of the upper end of the superheater and the
air heating hood mounted above the latter.
Figure 7 is a horizontal section on the line x x of Figure 6.
Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 represent different shapes of the checker-bricks
which are used in the superheater.
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts throughout all the
different figures of the drawing.
In the construction of my improved apparatus I first build two or more generators
and an interposed superheater, the same being constructed of bricks or other suit-
able inasonry and made in any desired form and after any preferred plan of
arrangement. I denominate iny apparatus a duplex apparatus, because I preferably
have two generators and a single superheater which latter is situated between the
generators.
A designates the superheater, and B, B, the two generators. These generators are
adapted to receive the bituminous or anthracite coal and permit it to be burned
therein so that the products of combustion may pass out into the superheater and
there be operated upon by the secondary air and by the water-gas and other
instrumentalities for the purpose of making the complete fixed gas which is the
finished product of the apparatus. The generators B are in height comparatively
small in proportion to the superheater A, but of course the relative proportion of
these parts of the apparatus may be changed, if desired.

page_text: In the drawings I have represented the superheater A as a somewhat tall tower-
like structure, having a central arrangement of checker-brick a extending from the
bottom to the top, in order to provide a circuitous upward passage for the products of
combustion after they leave the generators, and for the air which passes through the
generators. At the top of the superheater A, there is a valve C, which covers the
central opening in said top and is operated in opening and closing by means of a
lever C pivoted to the external face of the wall of the superbeater A at a suitable
point thereon. This lever handle C connects by a link c with a pivoted frame c',
which in turn connects by a link e with the valve C. By manipulating the handle
C therefore, the valve C may he opened and closed at pleasure.
At the top of each of the generators B there is a chute or hopper B¹. These
hoppers have movable bottoms or valves D, to which are attached chains d which run
over pulleys and are attached to levers D pivoted on the outside of the hoppers B¹
and adapted to engage the teeth of the arms d', in order that these levers D'
may be held in any desired position and that, consequently, the chute bottoms D may
be, when desired, held closed and also may be readily opened when the operator"
wishes to discharge the fuel contents of these hoppers B'. It will be especially
observed that the hoppers B are not situated directly above the central compart-
ments of the generators B, but are placed to one side, as shown in Figure 3, and they
communicate with these central compartiments through the diagonal or inclined
passages, as shown. The hoppers B' are constructed to contain, if desired, a charge
of coal sufficient to fill the generators. These hoppers will be found very convenient
in order to enable the operator to fill the generators with fuel without himself being
exposed to the intense heat within said generators.
The plan of opention will obviously be, to fill the hoppers, and then, whenever the
fuel within the generators needs replenishing, he can, by manipulating the levers D
cause the valves D to open and the contents of the hoppers to be discharged down the
diagonal passages into the generators.
At the base of the generators are placed grates, which may be of any desired style.
In Figure 4 I have shown the pipe-constructed grates G G, which will be found to
provide a, useful forin, they being made after the manner of an ordinary water-back
and being filled with water, which circulates therethrough so as to be heated in order
to permit it to be used for heating and other purposes. I will refer to this grate
feature at more length hereafter.
Referring to the front elevational view of the apparatus delineated in Figure 1, it
will be seen that an extensive arrangement of air pipes is necessary to properly con-
duct the air and other products through the apparatus. H denotes a pipe, conduit,
or passage, which leads from some suitable source of air supply and runs to the
apparatus, being attached to the superheater at a point about midway of its height,
where it is provided with a valve h, which will control the passage of air from the
pipe H into the superheater at that point, and the pipe H is also provided with
another connection with the superheater near the base of the latter, which is
controlled by a valve A, all as represented in Figure 1.
At the end of the pipe H distant from the apparatus, a blower may, if desired, be
connected, for the purpose of foreing air through said pipes into the apparatus.
Pipe H, as shown in Figure 1, connects with a cross pipe H¹ which leads to the
upper portion of each of the generators B, the same being provided with valves A
which control the outlet of air from pipe H' into the generators. Furthermore, these
pipes H are provided with branch pipes Ht which enter the generators B near their
lower ends, and said pipes H are provided with valves & which control the passage
of air from the pipes H into the pipes H.
By referring to Figure 1, a still further arrangement of pipes in connection with
the generators and superheater, will be observed, the same consisting of a horizontal
pipe H³, having at each of its ends a combustion valve h¹, which controls short inlet
branches which lead to the generators B near the botton ends thereof and at points
closely contiguous to where the pipes H enter the generators. The horizontal pipe H
communicates with the superheater near the lower end thereof by means of a

page_text: valve ³, which is situated closely contiguous to the valve already mentioned.
Also the horizontal pipe H³ communicates with the vertical branch pipes H H*,
extending upwardly to points near the upper end of the generators B, where they
communicate with the interior of said generators by means of the valves hh, said
valves h being situated near the points where the valves are located.
It will be seen that the two generators have air pipes similarly arranged in connec-
tion therewith, and hence it will be understood that they operate in substantially the
sane way. One of the generators may, if desired, be used alone, or they may be
used together. A description of the operation of one generator will obviously make
clear the operation of both. Suppose now, that we are using a blower at the distant
end of the air supply pipe H for the purpose of foreing air to the generators and the
superheater, then the operation will be substantially as follows:-
The first thing which the operator will do will be to open the valve C by pulling down
upon the lever handle C. If now,the generator or generators is or are to be heated by an
upward blast and we are to carry the products of combustion into the superheater in
an upward course, all valves, doors, and other parts not necessary to the charging will
be closed and the generators charged with coal. After the blower has been set in
motion, the valve or gate h and the combustion valve h and such other needed
valves will be opened. The air passing through the pipe H and the pipe H³ will now
pass by the valve and enter generator B through the pipe H at a point below the
fire, and the result of this will be to drive the products of combustion out of the
upper part of the generator through the combustive valve 4", which we have just
opened, then downwardly through the pipe H into the pipe H³ and through the
valve when opened into the superheater at the lower portion thereof. As the air-
blast continues through the generator for some length of time, the products of com-
bustion will be carried on, up through the superheater, passing in a circuitous course
along through the checker-brick, and out through and past the top valve C, which, as
we have already seen, was opened at the beginning of the operation. As I have
already stated, this operation can be carried on, either with one generator or with
both generators at the pleasure or necessity of the operator, by properly manipulating
the necessary gates or valves. As this operation continues, the superheater will be
heated to a certain temperature that will ignite the carbonic oxide and other gases
whenever secondary air shall be admitted into the superheater. Therefore for the
purpose of accomplishing this ignition, we may proceed to adinit secondary air in the
manner to be now explained.
At the upper end of the superheater is an air-heating hood F, which is supported
in some suitable manner directly above the valve C. This hood E has a hollow wall e
which is entered on one side by a pipe el, which conveys cold air thereto from the
blower or other suitable source. At the other side of the hollow wall e a pipe E¹
leads therefrom, as shown in Figure 6, and enters a chamber in the upper end of
the superheater A, said chamber being of an annular form and surrounding the
central passage in said superheater. The escaping ignited gases from the cupola or
upper end of the superheater will heat the hood E, and consequently the air contained
within its hollow walls, to a very high temperature, and this hot air will pass from the
hood through the pipe E into the chamber F. Chamber F is provided with a series
of vertical radial walls which do not extend entirely from the top to the bottom of
the chamber, but are arranged in alternate fashion, half of them being secured to the
upper side of the chamber and the other half to the lower side, as shown in Figures 6
and 7. Therefore, the path of the air which travels through the annular chamber F
is greatly increased because it is made to pass up and down through all these com-
partments formed by the alternate division plates, and consequently the air will be
inore thoroughly heated by being thus caused to remain longer in the chamber F.
After the air has thus passed around through the entire length of the heating
chamber F, it will enter the outlet pipe F and be conducted downwardly to enter
the superheater. The pipe F is preferably attached at some suitable point to the
pipe H, either at top or bottom of the same, as may be required. In this way hot air
is supplied to the pipe H., Now, in order to ignite the products of combustion

page_text: within the superheater as before inentioned by the introduction of secondary air, the
operator will proceed to open the valve As, which by referring to Figure I, will be
remembered as the valve located at the point where the pipe II connects with the
lower end of the superheater, and through this valve the proper amount of secondary
heated air will be supplied to the superheater. Particular care must be taken to
admit only such a necessary and proper amount as will give the best results in igniting
the products of combustion in the superheater. If it is found necessary to have more
hot air supplied to the superheater at a point further up in the same, the valve A,
which it will be remembered is located at the point where the pipe H connects
with the central portion of the superheater, may be opened and more secondary air
admitted to the superheater, which will distribute itself evenly throughout the latter
and in this way a more complete ignition of the combustion products can be
accomplished.
The blower will be kept in motion until through the method just explained, the
checker-bricks within the superheater are heated to the temperature desired, which
will cause them to assume a bright orange colour and to be at a temperature of about
21900 Fahrenheit, and this can be easily observed by looking through the sight.
cocks on the sides of the superheater A.
The proper heat will now have been obtained in the superheater and the coals in
the generator or generators being now heated to a state of incandescence, the blower
may be slowed down in its motion and the valves h and he will be closed and the
cock h slightly opened. This cock will act as a relief for the blower when the
latter has been slowed down. With the parts in the condition as just stated we may
now proceed to make gas. First we close the top valve C of the superheater, and
then open the valves j' in the horizontal pipe J2, which is situated near the base of
the apparatus, as illustrated in Figure 2.1 Figure 2 is a rear view of the apparatas
and therein is shown an arrangement of pipes or conduits differing quite materially
'from the arrangement shown in Figure 1, and comprising essentially a vertical pipe J,
extending from near the top of the superheater to near the bottom of the same, at
which botton point it connects with a horizontal pipe J and said pipe J also
connects with a horizontal pipe J', at a point near the top of the generators. Other
pipes for conveying steam, oil, etc., from different parts of the appamtus, are shown
in this view and will be explained during my further explanation of the operation of
the apparatus.
The valve communicates with the underside of the grate of the generator B.
When therefore the valve ji is open there will he communication established
between the grate of the generator and the top of the superheater through the
pipes J and J.
N denotes a pipe leading from the steam boiler or some other suitable source of
steam supply and entering the top of the generator B. At this point it is provided
with a valve n. In this way steam can be admitted above the coals within the
generator and allowed to pass downward through the same, thereby liberating
the hydrogen and passing through the generator grate out into the pipe J', through
the valve and upwardly through the vertical pipe J into the superheater near the
upper end thereof. When the steam is turned on through the valve n therefore, a
decomposition will take place and hydrogen will be conveyed into the superheater.
The carburetting process can now be proceeded with by the admission of such oils as
are ordinarily used for the purpose of making gas.
K denotes an oil pipe leading to an oil pump, said pipe being provided with a valve k.
I use an oil pump because I wish to drive oil into the superheater under as high
a pressure as possible, the valve & being for the purpose of controlling the amount of
oil which is delivered into the superheater. The pipe K connects at the upper end of
the superheater with a vaporizer, consisting of a coiled pipe K Fig. 3 fixed in the
brick-work at the top of the superheater below the valve C. This vaporizer may be
formed with as many coils as are desired and it is located on the top of the super-
heater so that it may be heated by the ignited gases passing out through the top of
the latter from the radiation of the heated brick-work. A pipe Ks leading from the

page_text: steam-boiler or some other suitable source of steam supply connects directly with the
oil pipe K, said pipe K being provided with a valve &
Pipe K connects the water-gas pipe J with the oil pipe K, and this pipe K¹ is
provided with a valve . In order to further convert the oil and vaporize it as
much as possible before it enters the superheater, we open the valve in the pipe K³,
which is connected to the water-gas pipe J, and allow a volume of water-gas to
pass.through.the.pipe.at.a.temperature.of about-1800 or 2030° Fahrenheit, and this
water-gas will enter the oil-pipe K and mingle with the oil at that point, which oil is
at a temperature of about 70° F., and this contact of the oil at 70° F. with the gas
at 20009 F. will of course immediately raise the temperature of the oil to a very high
degree, and both gas and oil passing in and through the vaporizer, will be discharged
into the superheater in a gaseous-state instend-of in a liquid form, thereby greatly
assisting in the carbonization of the water-gas. Ordinarily steam is used for the
purpose of carrying oil into the superheater or generator to atomize the saine and
assist in the conversion of the oil into gas. In my present invention of course steam
may be used if desired for this purpose, but I consider it an essential feature and I lay
great stress in my claim to the invention of the use of water-gas, in carrying the oil
into the superheater and in effectually vaporizing or atomizing the same for the
purpose in view. Steam at atmospheric pressure of course has only a temperature of
212 F., and could not raise the Lemperature of the oil above that point and would
Con-
really have a cooling effect upon the vapor on passing through the same.
sequently, with the use of steam, the oil would not enter the superheater at a higher
temperature than 2129 F., or possibly 2209 F., whereas if the oil enters with the
water-gas at a temperature of 2000° F. and passes through a heated vaporizer, the gas
having no cooling effect upon the same, as steamn would have, as before stated, then
the oil will be in a gaseous state when it enters the superheater, and the very best
results can be accomplished. As the combined oil and water-gas pass down together
through the checker-brick within the superheater, they will eventually reach the
outlet pipe L, and by the time the gas reaches this point it will have been thoroughly
carbaretted by coming into contact with the highly heated brick-work and thereby
being made a thoroughly fixed carburetted water-gas. It will pass out from the
heater through this pipe L and enter a water-seal M, which is partly filled with water
for the purpose of safety to the generator. The gas will then pass away over the seal M,
through the pipe M' to the condenser, in the usual way. m denotes an overflow
pipe for the water-seal M, said pipe na discharging into a tank ma'. A pipe O leads
from the tank m³ to a catch basin 0, from which proceeds a pipe O, that provides
an overflow to the sewer.
Thus far in my description of the operation of my apparatus I have been describing
its working with an upward blast of air. I will now briefly describe its operation
with a downward blast.
We
We will suppose now that the valve & is closed and the oil supply shut off.
will let the steam pass through the generator in order that the water-gas inay take up
all the carbon that is in the superheater, this taking only two or three minutes, and
then the steam will be shut off by closing the valve n. Top valve C will be opened.
The valve k2 will be closed and the valve ¹ will also be closed. I will now open
valve in the pipe H¹ near the top of the generator B, and also I will open the
combustion valve 2. Now if the blower be started and the relief cock be closed,
then the heated air passing through the pipe H, will enter the pipe H' and enter the
generator at the top thereof, through the valve A at a point above the coal, and the
air will therefore pass down through the coals and drive the products of combustion
out through the valve A into the pipe H³ and through the valve 3 into the bottom
of the superbenter, and this operation will continue until the superheater has again
Now
been sufficiently heated to make gas, in the same manner as before described.
if we let on the steam, we will permit it to enter the generator at the bottom thereof
through the valve o' instead of through the valve n at the top as before, so that the
passage of the steam through the generator will now be upward instead of downward
and the water-gas will pass out of the generator through the valvej into the pipe Ja

page_text: and thence into the pipe J, instead of passing out through the valve into the
pipe J. The operation of admitting the oil through pipe K and of the supplying of
the water-gas through pipe K' to said oil so as to vaporize and atomize the saine will
proceed as before.
Although the description of the operation has been given with reference to an
tipward or downward blast in the right-hand generator, yet it will he understood that
the other generator can be operated in precisely the same manner, either in connec-
tion with the right-hand generator or separately therefrom, that is to say, either one
or both generators may be used at pleasure. Also I have explained the operation of
the apparatus in connection with the blower for generating a forced draft of air. It
may be used in connection with the exhauster, and the blower therefore dispensed
with. When the exhauster is employed, the pipe R which connects to the upper end
of the superheater will be extended to the exhauster, In using the apparatus with
the exhauster, the top valve C will be closed, the valve S shown in Figure will be
opened to admit air at the top of the generator. The products of combustion will now
be drawn from the generator int> the saperheater through the 'combustion valve 1,
whence they will enter the pipe H and go through the valve into the super-
heater. Care must be taken that the proper amount of air is conducted through the
valve S so that ignition may not take place at the base of the generator before the
products of combustion enter the superheater. In order to obviate any such
disadvantageons result as this would be, the steam supply cock at the bottom of the
generator, namely, the valve o in Figure 2, may be opened, and the ignition of
gases at that point be prevented. A check valve St is placed on the mouth of
the pipe S2, in which pipe the valve S is situated so that any back pressure from the
generator may operate to close this valve. Furthermore, a valve will he placed in the
pipe H to shut off the blower from the secondary air supply valves and pipes H+, said
secondary supply pipe being now under operation by the exhauster. Furthermore, in
the re-arrangement of parts for the purpose of enabling an exhauster to serve in lieu
of a blower, the vertical pipe H as shown in Figure 1, will be continued up to the air-
heating appliance at the top of the superheater and supplied with a valve to control
the same. The pipe which constitutes the extension of the pipe H to the top of the
superheater, will be connected to said pipe H at some suitable point between the
valves and . Secondary air of course has to be admitted into the superheater
for the purpose of causing a combustion therein, and in order that this may be
accomplished the main valve upon the pipe leading from the air heating appliance
will be opened, as also the valves h and either one or both if decined necessary
-and the secondary heated air will be conducted into the superheater for the purpose
of igniting the gases therein, as before explained. The part of the gases which is not
ignited or consumed in the superheater is passed out through the pipe K as before
explained, to the exhauster, and from there discharged as may be desired. In order to
stop any possibility of the gases igniting when they are leaving the superheater and
passing through the pipe it to the exhauster, I may employ a jet of exhaust steam
which can be introduced into the exhauster pipe R at some suitable point, for
instance, the point . By the use of such a jet of exhaust steam, any ignition from
the superheater will be effectually overcome.
On the top of each of the generators is a cover or door I, for the purpose of
permitting easy access to the interior of the generators to clean out the same, or to
remove clinkers or to loosen up the fire when found necessary. The generators may
be charged with fuel through these doors if desired instead of supplying it through
the valve-provided hoppers. The doors at the base of the generators are for the
purpose of allowing entrance to the fire-hox and ash-pit to break and remove clinkers
and clean out the fires and extract the ashes from the ash-box and perform such other
.services as may be necessary at the base of the generator.
At one side of the superheater is a door designated by the reference letter I', which
is for the purpose of enabling any deposit which may accumulate within the super-
heater to be thoroughly cleaned out and removed.
When it is desired to clean the base of the superheater, the plug valves I, see

page_text: Figure 2, and 3, see Figure 1, can easily be taken out. The tubular grates G G in
the bottom of the generators, see Figure 4, which liave already been partly described,
are preferably constructed of extra heavy wrought iron pipe in the form of a water-
back, the object of making the grates in this manner being to utilize the waste heat
for the purpose of heating the rooms or offices in the works, by means of a hot water
circulation. The pipes g g which lead away from and towards the two grates GG,
as shown in Figure 4, can be passed through the various rooms of the building, and
by means thereof these rooms can be heated. If desired a large tank can be placed
at the highest point in the generating room, the same being supplied with water
through a ball cock if there are waterworks in the town, and if not, by means of a
pump operating in connection with a well or cistern. If the ball cock is used, a pipe
may be slipped over the nozzle to conduct the water to the bottom of the tank in
order to prevent the cold from mingling with the hot water. Both connections of
the water-back are extended to this tank, one being allowed to project two or three
inches higher in the tank than the other. This will be called the hot water or
circulating pipe, the cold water which is at the bottom passing downwardly through
the pipe and through the water-back, where it is heated and whence it returns and
ascends to the tank, whereby circulation is kept up continuously. In the winter
season two cocks if desired may be placed upon the pipe which ascends to the tank in
order to admit of the circulation of the water through the radiators or coils desired
to be heated throughout the building. The cocks in the circulating pipes from the
tank are just opened sufficiently to allow for pressure and expansion during the
summer season when the building does not require much heat or none at all.
Referring now to Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, I-lave represented several
different styles of checker-bricks which are employed for the purpose of lining the
superheater. These styles are given here simply by way of example, and I do not
intend to be confined thereto, although they will be found as possessing many
advantages for the use in view. A superheater is ordinarily lined with checker-brick
as shown at a in Figure 3, for the purpose of carburetting water-gas.
marked a are arranged in the cupola or superheater, as shown, said bricks being of
the usual size and being ordinarily laid upon the edge in checker fashion, there being
spaces between the bricks all the way up from the base to the top of the cupola,
through which space the gases and products of combustion pass, and during this
passage of said products the flat faces of the bricks will become .covered with carbon
deposits, ashes, and other burned products which will accumulate within the
superheater, the deposit on the top of these bricks sometimes accumulating to the
depth of from one to one and a half inches, thereby rendering the bricks a
non-conductor of heat and also retarding the fixing of the oil with water-gas and
causing a much longer time to be consumed in heating up the bricks than would be
necessary if these accumulations of undesired products could be avoided. Again, it
will be obvious that when these deposits are allowed to accumulate there will not be
more than half the surface of the bricks exposed to the heated gases, and on that
account a greater portion of the bricks must be heated by radiation instead of coming
in contact with the ignited gases. Hence it becomes very important to devise means
for avoiding the soot and other deposits, and I therefore have adopted the idea of
shaping the bricks in one or the other of the styles shown in Figures 8 to 14.
In Figure 8, the bricks a¹ are beveled from the top at both sides and made square
at the bottom, the object being to leave little or no square surface at the top which
can receive the ashes or carbon which might be deposited thereon, while the base or
bottom of the brick, being left square and only resting on the tapered top of the
bricks of the next series, leaves more surface to be exposed to the gases, although
scarcely any surface on the top for the accumulation of carbon, as before stated.
In Figure 9, the bricks a are tapered to a considerable degree upon the top, and
very slightly on the bottom, this tapering being for the purpose of exposing a larger
surface to the gases, as well as enabling the bricks to be placed closely together.
In Figure 10 the bricks a are made in the form of hollow tiles having a thickness
of one or more inches and tapered at the top either inwardly or outwardly, as shown,

page_text: so that no accumulation or deposit can be made upon the upper end of the tiles while
they are located within the superheater.
In Figure 11 the brick at is in the form of an oval-shaped hollow tile, which is also
tapered at the top for the same purpose as before stated.
In Figure 12 the brick 5 is a hollow tile of triangular form.
In Figure 13 the brick a is a hollow tile of rectangular form, and in Figure 14 the
brick is a solid brick having a sloping or beveled face on one side. These
bricks 5, 6 and a' may all be tapered upon the top or the bottom,as may be preferred,
and they may be of any length and width desired. It may also be stated that a brick
shaped in the form of an auger can be used for the purpose of superheating, as before
stated. The particular merit possessed by the above described bricks in their
different forms, as shown and explained, is to prevent the accumulation of carbon or
ashes or other non-heat-conducting matter. In a cupola or superheater where
bituminous coal is used for the purpose of heating the bricks, the deposit upon the
latter will be much greater than where anthracite coal or coke is employed, and it
would not be practical or economical to heat a superheater with bituminous coal when
bricks are placed in the cupola which will retain the heavy ashy matter deposited in
the use of said coal.
With the construction and arrangement of parts as I have just explained them,
many advantages will be found to accrue in the making of water-gas and in the
process of carburetting when either bituminous or anthracite coal is employed. The
placing of the superheater between the two generators is a great advantage. Being
thus located between two fires, the same amount of time or fuel will not be required
in heating it.. It can be heated up to the desired temperature in a much shorter
time than it could be if it were a separate structure placed upon the top of the
generator or separated at some distance from the generator.
In the operation of the apparatus the superheater will ordinarily be heated to a
temperature of about 2200° or 2300° Fahrenheit for the purpose of converting the
vaporized oil or what is commonly called gas-naphtha, into gas and enabling it to
meet the hydrogen which is liberated from the steam that passes through the hot
ceals in the generators at the point where it enters the superheater at the top, with
the water-gas. The arrangement of pipes, passages and valves for conveying the
primary air and the secondary air as well as for supplying the steam and oil and other
products, may be changed or varied to a considerable degree in the construction of
different apparatuses for different locations and varying purposes, and I therefore
reserve the liberty of so changing and re-arranging these various valves and pipes as
may best suit the exigencies of individual cases.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim, is:-
1. In a gas generator and carburetor, the combination with the generators having
fire chambers and charging hoppers therefor, said hoppers having diagonal passages
leading to the fire-chambers thereof, of the superheater having an interior checker-
brick construction, said generators and superheater formed in the same structure, an
air-heating appliance supported above the superheater for heating and conveying
secondary air thereto, and consisting of an annular hood having communication with
an annular chamber located in the top of the superheater, air pipes or passages for
conveying primary air to the generators, passages for conveying air and the products
of combustion from the generator to the superheater, an oil pipe communicating with
a coil vaporizer or atomizer at the upper end of the superheater, a water gas pipe
leading from the generators to the upper end of the superheater, and a connection
between said oil pipe and water-gas pipe, substantially as set forth.
2. In a gas generator and carburetor, the combination with the generator and
superheater, of a valve at the upper end of the superheater, an air-heating hood over
the superheater having communication with a heating hood in the top of the super-
heater, a coiled vaporizer or atomizer disposed in the upper end of the superheater, an
oil pipe leading to said vaporizer, a water-gas pipe connected with the oil pipe, a

page_text: steam pipe also connected with the oil pipe, and valves for regulating said pipes, by
means of which either steam or water-gas may be employed in carrying the oil into
the superheater.
3. In a gas generator and carburetor, the combination with the superheater, of the
air-beating appliance at the upper end thereof consisting of a hollow-walled hood
supported above the superheater and an annular chamber supported on the super-
heater and having alternate division plates, together with the pipe connecting the
hood and the said chamber, substantially as described.
4. In a gas generator and carburetor, the combination of the generators, the
intermediate superheater, the tubular grates for the generators, the charging hoppers
at the upper end of the generators, having valve bottoms, the valve at the upper end
of the superheater, the atomizing and vaporizing pipes below said valves, the
air-heating appliance consisting of the hood and the annular chamber and the
appropriate air-conveying passages connecting with the generators, the superheater
and the upper air-heating appliance, all arranged substantially as described.
5. In a gas generator and carburetor, the combination with the generators and the
superbeater located between said generators, of the atomizing coil pipes at the upper
end of the superheater, the oil pipes connected thereto, the air-conveying pipes or
passages connecting with the generators, the pipes or passages for heating and
conveying secondary air to the superheater and likewise having suitable valves, the
steam-conveying pipes which enter the generators and convey steam thereto, which
will pass through the fuel, and the hot air pipe leading from one of the secondary air
pipes to the oil-conveying pipe, all arranged to operate substantially as described.
6. In a gas generator and carburetor, the combination with the generators and
superheater located therebetween, of the gas-conveying pipes leading from the top
and bottom of the generators to the superheater, the pipes or passages for conveying
primary and secondary air to the superheater, the water heating pipe forming the
grates in the generators, whereby the hot water therein may be used to heat
adjoining compartments, the air-heating hood located above the superheater, a pipe
connecting the hood to an annular chamber supported on the superheater and having
alternate division plates, all substantially as set forth.
7. In a gas generator and carburetor, the combination with the generators and
superheater, of charging mechanism on said generators, a valve device at the upper
end of the superheater, means for operating the apparatus either with an upward or
downward draft of air, a heating hood located above the superheater, a heating
chamber in the top of the superheater, connecting pipes putting said hood, heating
chamber and superheater in communication, a vaporizer formed in the upper wall of
the superheater, and means for conveying the oil thereto under fluid pressure, all
substantially as set forth.
Deted this Tinot dan of Dea
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.