IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING WOOL, COTTON, ALPACA, MOHAIR, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Bailey, Bookkeeper, of Bradford, in the County
of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
WOOL, COTTON, ALPACA, MOHAIR, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 21st April 1857, and dated the 24th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Bailey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1856.
I, ISAAC BAILEY, Bookkeeper, of Bradford, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY FOR SPINNING WOOL, COTTON, ALPACA, MOHAIR, AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of machinery known as spinning or
tbrostle frames, and consists in the adaptation to and application of apparatus
and mechanism, so situate and actuated that when the thread breaks, or has
not sufficient tension, the onward progress of the roving towards the delivery
rollers is stopped, and waste prevented. And for this purpose I use and
employ a lever turning upon a point or centre, on the upper side of which is a
moveable weight, which acts in such a manner that when either end of the
lever is elevated the weight falls towards the other or lower end; (the weight
may be either solid or liquid.) The end of the lever nearest the spindle is
provided with an eye; the other end of the lever is connected by cords or links
to a bar or rod of metal, or other hard substance, which is provided with a

page_text: wedge-shaped projection, and turns upon a point or centre behind the back or
feeding rollers. The action is as follows:-The lever and weight being so
arranged that the end of the lever provided with the eye has a slight tendency
to move upwards, but the thread in its passage from the delivery rollers to the
bobbin passes through the eye of the lever, and by its tension and pressure
keeps the end of the lever provided with the eye a little inclined towards the
spindle. The weight at this time is on that part of its race nearest the spindle,
and the wedge-shaped projection is out of contact with the roving and rollers,
but when the thread breaks, or hath not sufficient tension, the before-mentioned
lever is liberated, and the end which has hitherto been depressed will now be
elevated; the moveable weight will at the same time descend towards the
other end of the lever, which by this movement will through the intervention
of the connecting cords or links cause the wedge-shaped projection to be
pressed against the roving, and between the back or feeding rollers, thereby
stopping the progress of the roving towards the delivery rollers, and preventing
waste.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isaac Bailey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAAC
BAILEY, Bookkeeper, of Bradford, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Isaac Bailey, Her special licence that I, the said Isaac Bailey,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Isaac Bailey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING WOOL, COTTON, ALPACA, MOHAIR, AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Isaac
Bailey, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and

page_text: ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaac Bailey, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to that class of machinery known as spinning or
throstle frames, and consists in the adaptation to and application of apparatus
and mechanism so situate and actuated that when the thread breaks, or has not
sufficient tension, the onward progress of the roving towards the delivery
rollers is stopped, and "waste" prevented.
And for this purpose I use and employ a lever turning upon a point or
centre, on the upper side of which is a moveable weight, which acts in such a
manner that when either end of the lever is elevated, the weight falls towards
the other or lower end. The weight may be either solid or liquid, the end of
the lever nearest the spindle is provided with an eye through which the thread
passes; the other end of the lever is connected by cords or links to a bar
or rod, or lever, which is provided with a wedge-shaped projection, and turns
upon a point or centre behind the back of the feeding rollers.
The action is as follows:-The lever and weight being so arranged that the
end of the lever provided with the eye has a slight tendency to move upwards,
but the thread in its passage from the delivery rollers to the bobbin passes
through the eye of the lever, and by its tension and pressure keeps the end of
the lever provided with the eye a little inclined towards the spindle. The
weight at this time is on that part of its race nearest the spindle, and the
wedge-shaped projection is out of contact with the roving and rollers, but
when the thread breaks, or has not sufficient tension, the before-mentioned
lever is liberated, and the end which has hitherto been depressed will now be
elevated, the moveable weight will at the same time descend towards the other
end of the lever, which by this movement will, through the intervention of the
connecting cords or links cause the wedge-shaped projection to be pressed
against the roving and between the back or feeding rollers, thereby stopping
the progress of the roving towards the delivery rollers, and preventing
waste.
My improvements in spinning machinery are applicable to that class of
machines employed in the manufacture of wool, cotton, alpaca, mohair, and
other fibrous materials, and known as spinning or throstle frames, and consist

page_text: in the employment therewith of apparatus or mechanism, having for its object
the stoppage of the supply of roving onward through the machine, upon any
breakage of the thread or roving, or upon any undue decrease of tension of
such thread while passing through the machine, and for reducing the amount
of strain or pressure of the stopping or suspending apparatus or mechanism
upon the thread during the ordinary working of the machine to less than the
pressure or strain, as heretofore applied for that purpose,
The principal feature of my Invention is the peculiar sensitiveness of my
improved arrangements of mechanism in its action, and the very slight pressure
or strain to which the thread is subjected by it during the ordinary working of
the machine, and the subsequent accumulative amount of force or power
which it exerts to effect the stopping or suspending of the supply of roving
when thrown into action by the breaking, or by the undue decrease of tension
of the thread.
My present Invention constitutes improvements upon the Invention for
stopping or suspending the onward progress or supply of the roving in this class
of machines, which is shewn and described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to Joseph Sharp Bailey and Isaac Bailey, for "Certain improvements
in preparing, combing, and spinning wool, alpaca, mohair, and other fibrous
materials," and bearing date the Twentieth day of November One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one.
I will now proceed to describe more fully my Invention, reference for that
purpose being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, which shew different
modifications thereof. I sometimes further adopt other modifications not
herein shewn or described, but which nevertheless embrace or embody the
substance or principle of my Invention,
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS,
Figure 1 shews several pairs of rollers, and other parts of an ordinary
spinning or throstle frame, sufficient to illustrate my Invention, shewing it in
connection with and applied to one of the numerous threads and rovings
under operation in the machine, each thread having a similar and separate
set of apparatus, which takes effect upon its respective feed rollers and
roving in manner similar to that herein-after described. It is essential that in
those machines to which my improvements may be adapted that the upper
feed roller acting upon each individual roving be separate and distinct from all
the other upper feed rollers in the same machine to permit the effectual
stoppage or suspension of the supply of that particular roving without affecting
any other roving or rovings. A is the lower and A' the upper feed rollers of

page_text: the machine, which receive the roving from the bobbin, and pass it onward
in the usual manner to the delivery rollers B and B', thence downward to the
flyer C, passing through the eye D' of the lever D. In this modification
the action of and effect produced by this lever constitutes the principal
feature of my Invention, namely, that during the working of the machine, and
while the thread is passing onward from the delivery rollers B and B' to the
flyer C unbroken, or in a proper state of tension, the strain or pressure of
the lever against the thread is comparatively slight, but upon the thread
breaking or becoming slack, or the tension too much reduced, the accumulative
action and power of the lever, and of its mountings or adjuncts, come into
operation to effect the stoppage or suspension of the supply of roving between
the feeding rollers. This-lever D has formed or mounted upon it a tube E or
other race or traverse, in or upon which the sliding, rolling, or moving weight
F is placed, so that when the lever D assumes an inclined position, the
weight F will traverse towards the lowest end of such race or traverse E. In
so passing or traversing from one end to the other end (upon change of
direction of inclination of the lever taking place), an accumulating power
of the weight, and an increasing preponderance will take place, by which the
other parts of the mechanism in connection therewith will be more effectually
acted upon than when no such accumulating force or action is produced. The
end D" of the lever D is provided with a loop G, which embraces loosely the
end H¹ of the lever II, but in such manner that the lever D is allowed to
oscillate, and move some distance (after disengagement by the breaking of the
thread, or its want of requisite tension), previous to its taking effect on the
end H' of the lever H for the purpose of accumulating the necessary power or
force. The other end H" of the lever His provided with a wedge-shaped
projection, which, when the mechanism comes into action, is pressed against
the roving, and between the feeding rollers. The wedge-shaped projection of
the lever H may either be of metal, and of a piece with that lever, or may be
of leather or other material, and attached thereto. In either case this wedge
piece should be of considerable width, so as to take a proper bearing on the
roving and rollers. If it is made of leather or other similar material, it is not
necessary that the point should be of an angle so acute as that shewn in
the Drawing.
Another feature of my Invention is that I form and adjust the lever H
in such manner, and so mount and arrange it in the machine that the action
of its centre of gravity shall be changed in its effect upon the changes of the
lever taking place, that is to say, when the lever is in the position, as shewn
in full lines in the Drawing, the action of the centre of gravity maintains

page_text: A¹
or has a tendency to maintain the lever II in that position or out of contact
with the roving and rollers A, A', and against the stop piece II, but when
the position of the lever I has been changed into that shown by the dotted
lines, and the wedge-shaped end of it is in contact with the roving, then
the centre of gravity of the lever I will maintain or have a tendency to
maintain it in that position and in contact with the roving and rollers A and
The action is this:-The parts occupy the positions shewn by the full
lines, while the roving and thread passes properly through the machine in
an unbroken state, and with a proper degree of tension, so as to maintain
the lever D in or about the position shewn, during which the thread passing
through the eye D¹ is subject to a minimum amount of pressure or strain,
on account of the lever D and its adjuncts being nearly balanced when in
that position, the end D" preponderating but slightly over the opposite end
D', but when the thread breaks or it loses a proper amount of tension the
strain of the thread will be removed and the lever at liberty; the end D" will
then descend, and the traverse or race E will alter its inclination, when the
weight F will pass along it towards the end Du of the lever D, by which
the amount of gravity of the end D₁ of the lever will be increased, and its
power of action accumulated to act with the desired effect upon the lever II,
and so communicate motion to the other portions of the mechanism, by the
end D of the lever D coming into contact with the end II of the lever II,
which will be so actuated by it as to press the wedge-shaped end H into
contact with the roving and against or between the feeding rollers A and A',
thereby stopping the delivery or supply of roving, and preventing wholly or
in part the production or formation of what is termed or known as "waste."
The apparatus or mechanism has now assumed the position shewn by the
dotted lines. The attendant upon the machine, when repiecing the broken
thread, depresses the end D¹ of the lever D, and returns it and its adjuncts
to their former positions, and again restores the proper degree of tension to
the thread; by this movement the link G of the lever D raises the end H
of the lever H, and withdraws the wedge-shaped part H" out of contact
with the roving and feed rollers, and into the position shewn in lines, when
the roving is taken up by the feed rollers and the action of feeding and
spinning proceeds as before.
Although I have here shewn one modification of connection or com
munication between the lever D and the lever H, in carrying out my Invention
there are other means or arrangements I employ to effect the same purpose,
one of which is shewn in Figure 2. The end D" of the lever D has two
cords or bands I and I' attached to it, the cord I passing upwards partially

page_text: around the pulley K is secured to the lever H at 6; the other cord I¹ passes
downwards partially around the pulley L, and is secured to the lower end of
the lever II.
.
In this arrangement the release of the lever D, consequent upon the
breaking or slackening of the thread and the descent of the end D", will
by means of the cord I pull the lever II, and cause the wedge-shaped part
II to be pressed against the roving and between the feed rollers A and A¹,
and thus suspend the action of the feed rollers, as before described. Upon
the readjustment of the mechanism to a working position the lower cord I¹
acts upon the lower part of the lever II, and withdraws the end H" from
contact with the roving and the feed rollers, and again establishes their action,
when the roving proceeds as before.
I will now describe an arrangement in which the accumulative force or
action, which constitutes the prominent feature of my Invention, is obtained,
not direct from the lever D, but by the supplementary weighted or tumbling
lever M, as represented in Figure 3.
In this arrangement the lever D is a plain lever, which, as regards the
thread passing through the eye D' and its strain upon it, is as before described;
but with reference to the end D", when the lever is released by the breakage
of the thread or its want of proper tension
pin 1 takes effect on the curved arm of the
on its fulcrum, until
the centre or fulcrum
and against the end
end H of that lever against the roving and between the feed rollers, as
before described. The end D of the lever D is furnished with two pins
1, 2, embracing loosely the curved arm of the tumbling lever M, which take
effect on that lever and move it, as described; and again, when the lever D
is returned to its former and proper working position, the pin 2 carries with
it the tumbling lever M to its former position against the stop piece P, where
it rests. The lever D carries also the link G, embracing the end H³ of the
lever II, by which that lever is also returned to its former position against
the stop piece H, when the roving proceeds towards the delivery rollers,
as before described. The dotted lines denote the positions which the mechanism
assumes when the supply of roving is suspended.
it descends, and by means of the
tumbling lever M, and moves it
the weighted end is moved so far over the vertical of
that its gravity comes into action, and it falls over
of the lever II, so as to press the wedge-shaped
Although in the arrangements herein described I have shewn the adaptation
of the lever D as provided with a traversing or moveable solid body, as the
weight F; still the same objects may be obtained by means of liquid weights;
other arrangements of weighted levers may be adopted, so arranged and

page_text: provided that upon the change of positions taking place consequent upon
the breaking of the thread or the want of proper amount of tension therein,
an accumulative or accelarative, forcé or action comes into operation to produce
the effect desired.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not. claim
the exclusive right to stopping the supply of the roving in throstle or spinning
frames when a thread breaks or becomes slack; and I declare that: I do
claim as my Invention, intended to be secured by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent,-
First, I claim combining and arranging with throstle or spinning frames
apparatus or mechanism operating with accumulative force or action for
stopping or suspending the supply of rovings through or between the feeding
rollers of such machines, when the thread breaks, or when the thread has
less than the proper amount of tension.
Secondly, I claim communicating the motion from the thread lever D to
the stopping lever or apparatus by means of cords or bands, as described with
reference to Figure 2, in the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Bailey, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
W. CLARK, Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane, London.
ISAAC BAILEY. (L.S.)