Improvements in Hose or Tubing.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 17th July, 1888
Specification Accepted, 24th Aug., 1888
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hose or Tubing.
We, JAMES EZEKIEL EMERSON and THOMAS MIDGLEY, of Beaver Falls, in the
County of Beaver and State of Pennsylvania, one of the United States of America,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Our invention relates to hose or tubing and has for its object the manufacture of
hose of great strength, for hydraulic mining, firemen's service and other purposes in
which hose is subjected to great internal and external pressure, or rough usage and
excessive wear.
In the drawing Figure 1 represents a plan view of a tube of coiled sections of
wire. Figure 2 is a similar view of a tube and a mandril for stretching the links of
the coils. Figure 3 is a side view partly in section of completed hose in which the
external surface is of metal lined with rubber. Figure 4 is a cross section of the hose
shown in Figure 3. Figure 5 is a side view partly in section of completed hose in
which the metallic body is covered and lined with rubber, and Figure 6 is a cross
section of the hose shown in Figure 5.
Reference being had to the drawing, A, represents a tube formed of sections a of
coiled wire helices interwoven longitudinally as shown in Figure 1, which form links b.
In forming this tube the sections a, are coiled of a diameter to adapt them to the
size of hose desired to be made, and are cut into lengths of about one third longer
than the finished hose. In making tubes for sections of hose of greater length than
fifty feet, the sections a, may be made to overlap, or terminate at different points in
the length of the tube.
The tube is formed on a core by screwing the sections a into each other until
sufficient sections have been interwoven to form a complete tube A, of any desired
diameter and length. The tube is then placed upon a mandrel and compressed
longitudinally to crowd the coils or helices together and form a close body of metallic
links, which renders the tube flexible and enables the hose made therefrom to he

page_text: wound upon an ordinary hose reel. In constructing our hose we use fine wire, about
number 19 to 25 and coil it into small coils or helices which are interwoven as shown,
and in compressing the tube made from the wire it is shortened about one third of its
length.
After the tube has been compressed longitudinally it is drawn over a mandrel B,
tapered at one end, (as shown in Figure 2) to enter the tube and gradually stretch
the helices into links b, and expand the tube about one third of its diameter, as shown
at e in Figure 2. When the tube is made of soft or annealed wire it need not be
heated to stretch the helices and expand the tube, but when tempered wire is used the
tube must be heated before being drawn over the mandrel. After the tube has been
C
expanded it may be tempered, before coating it with rubber if desired.
The metallic tube thus formed is then lined with a tube c (Figures 3 and 4) of
rubber, gutta percha, or other suitable material, the external diameter of which is
about equal to the internal diameter of the tube, and drawing it through the metal
tube. A piece of gas or steam pipe, or steam hose is then passed through the lining
of the tube which distends it, and steam or hot water admitted thereto until the
rubber is heated to about 1700 or 172° F, when the rubber becomes sufficiently plastic
to imbed itself in the interstices of the metallic tube and adhere thereto or it may be
lined with a plastic material which will adhere to and incorporate itself in the body of
the tube and form a fluid repellent lining.
Hose thus manufactured presents a metallic external wearing surface which is capable
of resisting rough usage by being drawn over rocks and stones as are frequently
encountered in hydraulic mining.
The metallic tube A may also be covered with a rubber tube d as shown in Figures 5
and 6, and the two subjected to heat, by which the rubber is melted or softened
sufficiently to cause it to flow through the interstices between the links in the tube
and form a compound inner surface of metal and rubber, the rubber completely filling
the interstices and rendering the hose or tubing absolutely water repellent and air
tight.
Instead of covering the metallic tube with a tube of rubber, it may be coated with
other flexible plastic material to fill the interstices and cover the outer surface of the
metal, and a lining and covering of canvas previously coated or treated with a paint
or compound for the purpose, which renders the canvas water repellent and becomes
adhesive under heat may be applied.
The hose may thus be made to present a rubber external surface, and a compound
internal surface, or it may be provided with a lining e, and a covering f, of canvas,
which will adhere to the rubber d, and form a homogeneous body. Under this latter
construction the tube A, need not be compressed longitudinally before it is expanded,
therefore the sections a, are cut of any suitable length corresponding with the length
of the hose to be made.
Hose constructed in either of the forms shown and described, is capable of resisting
great external as well as internal pressure, and may be driven over by ordinary road
vehicles when filled with fluid without injury to the hose or the motor supplying the
fluid, while it is sufficiently flexible to be wound upon a reel, and may be used in any
place ordinary hose may be applied.
our said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
invention, in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
First. The method of manufacturing the within described hose or tubing, which
consists in interweaving sections of coiled wire and forming a tube, expanding the
tube and elongating the links, then lining or covering, or lining and covering the
tube with rubber or its equivalent, and subjecting the rubber to heat for the purpose
set forth.
Second. Hose or tubing composed of a tubular metallic body formed of interwoven
sections of coiled wire and a covering or lining, or a covering and lining of rubber or
its equivalent, substantially as described.

page_text: Third. Hose or tubing composed of a tubular body, formed of interwoven sections
of coiled wire embedded in, and covered with rubber or its equivalent, substantially as
described.
Fourth. Hose or tubing consisting of an outer body or tube of interwoven sections
of coiled wire and a lining of rubber or its equivalent incorporated with the body.
Fifth. Hose or tubing consisting of an outer body or tube of interwoven sections
of coiled wire having the helices compressed in the length of the tube, and a lining
of rubber or its equivalent material adhering to the metallic tube.
JAMES EZEKIEL EMERSON.
THOMAS MIDGLEY.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, W.C.,
Patent Agents.

page_text: Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.