CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph John Harrison, of Broughton, in the County
of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, and Edward Harrison, of Balham, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 31st July 1866, and dated the 2nd February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph John Harrison
and Edward Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,.
with their Petition, on the 2nd February 1866.
We, JOSEPH JOHN HARRISON, of Broughton, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer, and EDWARD HARRISON, of Balham, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, first, to that part of the loom termed the "picking
motion," and is designed for the purpose of dispensing with the "picker" and
apparatus in connection therewith, and substituting in lieu thereof a novel and
improved arrangement of mechanism that shall give a more perfect and
regular pick without the liability of the shuttle "floating."

page_text: And, secondly, our Invention relates to an improved arrangement of
mechanism in connection with our improved picking motion, which is employed
for retarding and checking the shuttles upon its being received into the shuttle
box; the picking and check motions combined may be thus described :--Two
apertures formed in the back and front of the shuttle box at their entrance,
and nearest to the loom "reed," are constructed so as to receive and allow
frictional bowls or pulleys to protrude through and enter the shuttle box;
these bowls are situated exactly opposite each other, and are supported and
held in position upon vertical spindles to which they are secured; these
spindles are supplied with "wharves," and are driven at a high velocity from
any convenient part of the loom, which thereby gives rapid revolution to the
ufore-mentioned frictional bowls in a direction outwards from the box in which
such bowls are placed, a similar pair of bowls protruding through apertures
in the opposite extremity of the boxes, and actuated in like manner, with this
exception, that they revolve in a contrary direction to the afore-mentioned
picking bowls, are employed for checking and stopping the shuttle upon its
entrance into the shuttle box; both pair of bowls, viz., the front "picking"
and back "checking" are alternately caused, whilst rapidly revolving, to close
or advance towards the longitudinal centre of the box; this is effected by means
of a wedge cam or other equivalent placed underneath the lathe in such a
position that whilst reciprocating or revolving the bowls are caused alternately
to exert a pressure and act upon the sides of the shuttle and also to receed
from and release the same, which thereby effects the necessary action of
"picking" and "checking" in the following manner: Upon the shuttle
entering the box the front or "picking" bowls are opened by the wedge so as
to allow it freely to enter and come into contact with the back check bowls
which are closed and project through the aforesaid back apertures; these bowls
draw the shuttle up to the end of the box, and there retain it until acted upon
by the "picking" bowls which are caused to close and press upon the shuttle
as the wedge is withdrawn, at which time and simultaneous with such closing
the wedge forces the back bowls assunder so as to release the shuttle of their
pressure, which thereby allows the front" picking " bowls to impel and project
he proper instant of picking across and through the "shed" into
"
the same
at the
the opposite box.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said Joseph John Harrison and Edward Harrison in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 2nd August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSÉPIÍ
JOHN HARRISON, Engineer, and EDWARD HARRISON, Gentleman, both of
Broughton, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters'
Patent, bearing date the Second day of February, in' the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the
year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her leirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Joseph John Harrison and Edward Harrison, Her special license that
we, the said Joseph John Harrison and Edward Harrison, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Joseph John
Harrison and Edward Harrison, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Joseph John Harrison and Edward
Harrison; our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said' Invention; and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Josephí John Harrison and Edward'
Harrison, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and 'in' what'
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and'ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings :-
Our Invention relates, first, to that part of the loom termed the picking'
motion, and is designed for the purpose of dispensing with the picker'
and apparatus in connection now employed, and substituting in lieu thereof
a novel and improved arrangement of mechanism that shall give a more
perfect and regular pick without the liability of floating the shuttle; and
secondly, our Invention relates to an improved arrangement of mechanism
in connection with our improved picking motion, employed for retarding
and checking the shuttle on its being received by the shuttle box. The

page_text: picking and check motion being combined may be thus described. Two
apparatus formed in the back and front of the shuttle box at their
entrance nearest to the loom reed are constructed so as to receive and
allow friction bowls or pulleys to protrude through and enter the shuttle
box. These bowls are situated exactly opposite each other, and are supported
and held in position upon vertical spindles to which they are secured; these.
spindles are supplied with wharfs, and are driven at a bigh velocity from any
convenient part of the loom, which thereby gives a rapid revolution to the
afore-mentioned friction bowls in a direction outward from the box in which
such bowls are placed, a similar pair of bowls protruding through apertures
in the opposite extremity of the box, and actuated in like manner with the
exception that they revolve in a contrary direction to the afore-mentioned
picking bowls, are employed for checking and stopping the shuttle upon its
entrance into the box. Both pair of bowls, viz., the front picking and back:
checking are alternately caused whilst rapidly revolving to close or advance
towards the longitudinal centre of the box, which is effected by means of a
wedge or cam placed underneath the latter, and which whilst reciprocating or
revolving is caused to act alternately upon the brackets or carriers supporting
the spindles, thereby gives the necessary action to the bowls, causing them
to exert a pressure and act upon the side of the shuttle, and also to recede
from and release the same at the times appointed, so as to effect the necessary
action of picking and checking as desired. The action of the several parts
will now be readily understood from the following description:-Upon the
shuttle entering the box the front or picking bowls are distended or opened
so as to allow it a free passage into the box, at which time it is caught or
griped by the back checking bowls which are closed upon it, tho effect of
which is to draw it up to the end of the box, and there retain it until acted
upon by the friction bowls, which is effected by the afore-mentioned wedge
or cam causing such bowls to close upon and press against the shuttle, at
which time and simultaneously with such closing the back or check bowls
recede from each other so as to release the shuttle of their pressure, which
thereby allows the front picking bowls to impel or project the shuttle at the
proper instant for picking across and through the shed into the opposite box.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made about one-
fourth size, similar letters of reference being marked thereupon.
Figure 1 represents a back elevation view of one of the shuttle boxes,
and a portion of the slay, showing the arrangement of the picking bowls
and check motion; Figure 2 represents an under side view of the same,

page_text: showing more particularly the position and arrangement of the leverз sup-
porting the spindles upon which the picking and check bowls are secured;
also the manner in which the said lever' bearings are actuated by the wedge
and slides; Figure 3 represents a plan view of the shuttle box, showing the
position of the picking and check bowls; and Figure 4 represents a vertical
section of the shuttle box, shewing the peculiar arrangement and construction
of pulleys for driving the picking and check bowls; and Figure 5 represents
a side sectional elevation of the same.
In Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, a, a, is the framing of the loom 6 to the slay ;
c, the shuttle box, and d the crank shaft, all being well-known parts of the
loom; é, e, are the frictional picking bowls which are caused to protrude
through the back and front of the shuttle box; these bowls are secured upon
the vertical spindles f, f, which are supported and rest on the movable
lever bearings g, g; these bowls are driven at a high velocity through the
arrangement of pulleys i, which receive their motion from the pulley h on
the crank shaft, in conjunction with their rapidly revolving motion; a second
motion is imparted to them by the wedge k, through the medium of the
lever and tappet m on the wheel n; this wedge is actuated so that with
each alternate pick it is caused by the aforesaid lever and tappet to be
inserted, so as to force asunder the sliding of the lever bearings g, g, thereby
at such time causing a greater opening or division between the peripheries
of the picking bowls so as to allow the shuttle freely to enter the shuttle
box; the shuttle when passing the picking bowls upon its entrance into the
box is effectually and gradually checked in its progress by the second pair of
bowls o', the peculiar action of which is more clearly described herein-after.
Immediately the shuttle has entered the shuttle box it is caught so as to
become effectually checked in its progress by the checking bowls o¹, o', which
protrude through apertures in the opposite extremity of the box. These
bowls are caused by the wedge and slides k¹, to contract or come nearer
together as the front picking bowls are caused to expand or recede from each
other, and as they revolve in a contrary direction to the picking bowls they
press upon the shuttle so as to check its progress as it enters the box; so
soon as this is effected the checking bowls are forced asunder so as to free
the shuttle and allow the action of the picking bowls, which at this instant
are forced against the side of the shuttle, the frictional contact of which has
the instantaneous effect of expelling the same across the loom into the opposite
box, where it is received and expelled again in like manner, and so on, ad
libitum.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, together with the

page_text: method of carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it to be distinctly
understood that we claim the novel arrangement, construction; and adapta
tion of revolving bowls to looms, both for picking and checking the shuttle;
as herein-before described, or any slight modification thereof.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph John Harrison' and Edward
Harrison, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this First day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-six.
JOSEPH JOHN HARRISON. (L.S.)
EDWARD HARRISON.
(L.S.)
JOSEPH JOHN HARRISON. (L.S.)
EDWARD HARRISON.
(L.S.)