A Lamp Burning Volatile Hydrocarbon for Incandescence with or without a Mantle of Rare Earths.
Year: 1899

page_text: A Lamp Burning Volatile Hydrocarbon for Incandescence with or
without a Mantle of Rare Earths.
I, LOUIS DENAYROUZE, of 70, Boulevard Victor Hugo, à Neuilly (Seine), France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
According to this invention a reservoir within the base of a lamp is charged
with layers of felt or other suitable porous material and light hydrocarbon
such as is obtained from distillation of tar. From the bottom of the reservoir a
cotton wick led up a tube of porcelain, or other material that is a bad conductor
of heat, to a metal vaporising chamber which is surmounted by a kind of Bunsen
burner, consisting of a mixing tube having lateral inlets for air provided with a
regulating sleeve, and above that an Argand burner communicating by small
tubes with the top of the mixing tube. Above the Argand burner is a spreader
disc. The hydrocarbon liquid which ascends the wick by capillary attraction
becomes vaporised by the heat conducted from the flame, and the vapour ascend-
ing the mixing tube draws in a regulated quantity of air, the mixture then
forming at the mouth of the Argand burner a flame which is brilliantly white
from the incandescence of its carbon, or which may be applied to cause incan-
descence of a mantle of rare earths.
These results depend on the proper regulation of the heat applied and of the
air admitted.
Dated this 4th day of November 1899
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
A Lamp Burning Volatile Hydrocarbon for Incandescence with or
without a Mantle of Rare Earths.
I, LOUIS DENAYROUZE, of 70, Boulevard Victor Hugo, à Neuilly (Seine), France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
[Price 8d

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
Minute observation of the phenomena have enabled me to introduce a very
important simplification in the construction and operation of my previous
patented lamps.
The following is that in which the new system that I have devised consists.
The waste heat of a flame is much more than is necessary to gasify the small
quantity of hydrocarbon required to sustain the production of the light (whether
with incandescence of rare earths, or with incandescence of the carbon itself).
In my former lamps and similar apparatus the excess of this heat, collected
without means of quite completely regulating the action, rendered the apparatus
delicate and injured their fasting qualities as well as the absolute certainty of
their action.
14
In the arrangement that I am about to describe I have quite tamed, so to
speak, the action of these waste heats:-
1st. By taking only the quantity necessary and sufficient for the regular feed
of the lamp:
2nd. By directing the action of this heat and concentrating it on the only
part of the apparatus where it may have a useful and even decisive effect, with-
out allowing it to gain the parts of the lamp where its action might in time
become injurious and even dangerous.
The annexed drawing represents my system in sectional elevation (Fig. 1).
The liquid hydrocarbon (preferably chosen among the most homogeneous pro-
ducts of distillation of tar), is contained in a reservoir S, furnished internally
with felt T or spongy layers of any kind. Into this reservoir which is itself
enclosed in the body A of the lamp, under the cover B penetrates a wick R
supported by a stiff cross pin P. The wick is of cotton or other material
favourable to ascent of the liquid by capillary action.
Above the reservoir A B lodged in a support is a hollow cylinder C of porcelain
or other non-conducting material. This piece of insulating material carries on
the other hand the metal gasifying chamber D closed by a stopper E. It may
be readily understood that the waste heat of the flame partly collected and
conducted by the frame O is felt at the chamber D, but cannot lose and extend
itself lower, owing to the insulation effected by the cylinder C.
In obedience to the capillary action, the hydrocarbon ascends by the wick R.
In D it receives the action of the heat and rapidly emits vapours, this heat being
concentrated on the very points where it can be useful, that is to say, where the
liquid is rapidly gasified. Thus the heat is not lost on the mass of the lamp
body. It acts with perfect regularity and regulates itself with a precision quite
mathematical since its passage can be regulated with the most extreme precision
by determining exactly the diameter of the conducting piece which surrounds
the burner. Thus there is brought to the gasifying chamber the supply of heat
exactly necessary to make the hydrocarbon emit the quantity of vapour which,
mixed with air ascending the passage F burns at M (see plan Fig. 2) at the top
of the burner H L K whence escapes the separate elementary flames burning
white without mantle under a deflector N shewn separately in Fig. 3. This
burner is provided with a regulating sleeve I for admission of air. I could cause
the mixture to burn under a mantle A¹ with a burner BI (Fig. 4).
The capillary action supplies the wick with liquid, the heat supplies the burner
with vapour, all in quantity and at pressure which can be regulated with the
greatest precision.
Thus whether the burner A B or the burner A¹ B¹ be put on, incandescence
can be produced with this lamp with or without a mantle of rare earths..
Extinction is simply effected by opening the cock V, allowing the vapour to
escape instead of passing to the flame. This arrangement secures simplicity
and economy. The use of the reservoir S which can be replaced (shewn separately

page_text: in Fig. 5) gives absolute security. The choice of the volatile substance gives
the brilliancy and purity of the light.
The apparatus described constitutes a complete apparatus, a very simple and
cheap producer of white light with or without mantle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
Apparatus for producing light without any moving mechanism, in which
apparatus the action of heat rigorously regulated, borrowed from the waste heat
of the burner, acts in such manner that its supply of the burner may be regular,
the operation of the lamp being regulated by a suitable conducting rod and an
insulating piece, and the vapours mingled with air acquiring in the burner
either the lighting quality of self-incandescence when no mantle is employed,
or a higher lighting power when a mantle of rare earths is employed.
Dated this 11th day of May 1900.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.