Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Local Anesthesia, especially for the Extraction of Teeth by Means of Cold- generating Media.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 30th July, 1898-Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Local Anesthesia,
especially for the Extraction of Teeth by Means of Cold-
generating Media.
I, MAX BORCHARDT, of 12/13, Nettelbeckstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany, Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention for improvements in apparatus for producing local anesthesia
especially for the extraction of teeth by means of cold-generating media has for its
object to localize the anesthesia more effectively than has hitherto been possible
and also to facilitate the application of anaesthetics to the parts of the dental
system lying at the back of the mouth, that is to say, the so-called molars. The
anesthetic method in which cold is employed hitherto in use in dental practice,
ethyl chloride for example, being used as the medium, is carried out with the aid
of bottles furnished with capillary openings. The opening is closed by means of
a capsule and in employing the anaesthetic the cap must be removed and the fluid
caused to issue from the bottle by the warmth of the hand. In order to produce a
powerful effect, it was necessary to let the stream or spray act at a distance of
about 30 centimetres. Anesthetising with a fluid given off in such a ray-like
form was naturally only possible as regards the front portions of the dental system
and only very imperfect even in them, inasmuch as for example the anesthesia
produced on the outside of the gums died away, whilst that on the side nearest to
the tongue was being proceeded with, and which therefore, on account of the
difficulty attending the operation, could never be but imperfectly carried out.
The molars, however, could not be reached at all, there was rather the fear of
possibly affecting adjoining healthy parts, which not only rendered the anesthesia
inoperative but often caused sound teeth to be injuriously affected in consequence
of the sudden generation of cold.
With the improved apparatus hereinafter described however, the localising of
the anesthesia is effected in the following manner: Two checks held together by
springs are connected with the bottle containing the highly volatile fluid by means
of capillary tubes with the aid of pieces of india-rubber tubing. These cheeks
are placed on those places where the jaw is to be anæsthetised, the anesthetic pass-
ing out through these cheeks and acting on the gums.
Air bags or cushions may be suitably combined with the apparatus, the bags
or cushions when compressed producing a vacuum in the checks at the outlet
opening for the ethyl chloride and thereby promoting the emission of the anaesthetic
but at the same time also intensifying the production of cold.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a sectional front elevation of apparatus
constructed according to this invention for applying anesthetics,
Fig. 2 is a side view thereof,
Fig. 3 is a similar view showing a somewhat modified form of construction,
Five 45 and 6 illustrate different forms of construction of the chooks

page_text: The bottle (Figs. 1 and 2) serving as a receptacle for the highly volatile fluid,
for example ethyl chloride, is suitably furnished at the lower end with an additional
piece which runs into two capillary tubes 61 2. Connected with the capillary
tubes 6 by means of pieces of india-rubber tubing are other capillary
tubes, the pieces of india-rubber tubing effecting in the same manner a
connection between the capillary tubes and the capillary curved additional
pieces belonging to the cheeks g¹i.
Through the warmth of the hand, as herein before stated the ethyl chloride is
enabled to issue through the opening o into the cheek g¹ or g². The cheeks g¹ g²
themselves are held together by means of a spring f, and which may be contorted as
preferred, or at will, so that the cheeks can be placed on the gums in any desired
position. The contact surfaces of these cheeks are suitably surrounded with an
india rubber edge or border m¹ or m² which facilitates the attachment of the cheeks
of the apparatus to the patient's gums.
In order to stimulate the flow of the ethyl chloride a current of air may be pro-
duced at the outlet opening o, for which purpose air or india-rubber-bags ! or n²
are arranged, being connected by means of the pieces of india-rubber tubing ³n
with the additional pieces 122 which are then attached for this purpose to the
cheeks. In using the apparatus the cheeks glare laid on the part to be
anaesthetised and the anaesthetic can be caused to flow out of the bottle a through
the capillary tubes. If at the same time by compression of the air-bags n' na
current of air be produced at the opening o, there will be a more vigorous outflow
of the anaesthetic, the effect of which will however be also simultaneously increased,
as the production of cold proceeds more quickly. The effect is increased with the
air supply openings q¹².
The additional tubes can also be bent for the purpose of anaesthetising the
back portions of the dental system, as shown in Fig. 3.
The cheeks g g can also be made in other forms. Of these various forms those
shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 may be first considered.
In the form shown in Fig. 4 the capillary tube additional pieces 3 g run inside
of the air tube additional pieces 1 p². In order to prevent the saliva from pene-
trating the air supply openings qq small tubes r 2 may be provided which project
from the cavity of the mouth.
In the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 likewise, the capillary tube additional
pieces g³glie inside the air tubes 21, but, in this case the tubes g³g terminate
in a rose s.
In the form illustrated by Fig. 6 the arrangement is such that the outlet opening
of the air tubes is vertical to the capillary tubes, the object of this being to produce
an increased "spray" action of the apparatus.
In certain cases the air bags n¹ n² lying on both sides of the bottle a may be
conveniently combined to form a single bag.
As compared with all hitherto known apparatus, the improved apparatus herein
described has the advantage of being able to effect anesthesia at positively deter-
mined places, which it was not possible to reach by means of the streams or sprays
from ordinary bottles. Moreover, the anaesthetic action is far more intense and
more quickly produced, as it proceeds simultaneously on the inside and outside of
the gums and finally requires a smaller quantity of the narcotic, or anaesthetic
fluid. The apparatus has a further considerable advantage, as the anesthetic or
narcotic action can be quietly proceeded with whilst the extraction is being carried
on.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. Apparatus for deadening the nerves of the teeth by means of cold-generating
media, the characteristic feature of which is that a bottle a containing the
anæsthetic is connected with cheeks g¹g (held together by springs) by means of

page_text: capillary tubes c¹² with the aid of pieces of india-rubber tubing d¹²d which
cheeks being laid on the gums, render possible at the same time insensibility of
the two sides of the gums and of the parts where pain is felt.
2. In an apparatus as described in Claim 1, the application of air-bags
which are connected with the cheeks by means of pieces of india-rubber
tubing and, when compressed cause a current of air at the outlet openings,
thereby bringing about a considerably increased effect of the anesthetic medium.
3. In an amaratus according to Claims 1 and 2, the arrangement of tubes 2,
which project from the cavity of the mouth, for the purpose of preventing the
saliva from penetrating into the air-supply openings
².
4. In an apparatus according to Claims 1 and 2 the arrangement inside of the air-
supply tubes of the capillary tubes g furnished with a rose for the purpose
of producing a spray effect of the fluid that generates cold.
5. In an apparatus according to Claims 1 and 2, the right-angular position of the
outlet opening of the air tubes and capillary tubes g³g to one another, for
the purpose of bringing about an increased spray" effect.
"
6. The improved apparatus for producing local anesthesia especially for the
extraction of teeth, by means of cold generating media substantially as described
with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 30th day of July 1898.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.