Improvements in or applicable to Wheel Tyres.
Year: 1894

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands
after Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883) as
allowed by the decision of the Comptroller General of the 9th day of
December 1896.
Date of Application, 23rd July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 20th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 1st June, 19°5
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Wheel Tyres.
I CHARLES CHALLINER of 15 Plymouth Avenue Longsight Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :-
The principal object of this invention is to enable pneumatic tyres to be applied
to the wheels of carriages for road or rail without the liability to puncture the tyre
which is at present inevitable.
According to my invention I construct the wheel with a felloe much as usual
but outside this felloe 1 fix a channelled or grooved light metal rim to support a
pneumatic tyre.
This may be in the form of a single strong tube complete in itself, or otherwise
made airtight, or it may be in the form of an india rubber tube enclosed in a
cover the edges of which are bent round the said tube and are fixed into the said
rim.
These edges may engage in grooves in the said rim and be tightened therein by
metal segments bolted to the felloe of the wheel.
The form of the pneumatic tube however must be such that it can expand in the
direction of the circumference of the wheel as hereafter explained.
Upon the outer periphery of this tyre, or tyre cover, I fix by rivets bolts,
cement, vulcanization or otherwise an outer rim formed of segments of wood, hard
rubber, or similar suitable niaterial and I protect this rim further by a hoop
hereafter called the "shield," of steel or other suitable metal shrunk, rivetted, or
bolted thereon.
The inner surface of the wooden or other outer rim may be concave to receive
the naturally convex shape (in section) of the pneumatic tyre and the outer surface
of the said rim may be grooved to receive a projecting bead upon the inner surface
of the metal shield.
1 thus obtain a strong unpuncturable tread to the tyre of the wheel in the form
of a complete hoop which when the weight of the carriage is upon the wheel will
be eccentric with regard to the centre of the said wheel, and it is to allow for this
eccentricity that I make the form of the preumatic tyre as before mentioned of
special shape in transverse section. For this purpose I may make the pneumatic
tyre of a flattened or elliptic shape so that the opposite sides can approach each.
other as the surface of the outer rim recedes from the surface of the felloe, or the
tyre may be made with an inward or outward crease at either side so that it can
expand somewhat like bellows.

page_text: In the case of a metal wheel constructed with "spider" spokes or otherwise the
inner grooved or channelled rim would itself form the felloe or part of the felloe of
the wheel.
In order also to avoid the side "swag" to which these wheels are liable when
the carriage is drawn round a rapid curve I propose to form or fix upon the side
or sides of the outer rim or hoop or upon the edge of the shield (or upon the
felloe of the wheel) projecting brackets which will overlap the side or sides of the
fellos (or of the outer rim as the case may be) and support the same sideways but
not impede the eccentric motion hereinbefore described.
There are great advantages in my improved tyres over ordinary pneumatic
tyres, as the shield above named may be as narrow as an ordinary wheel tyre and
therefore there will be less drag for the horses, the wheel will not throw up so
much mud, and they will be more durable, and not liable to puncture.
My improved wheel is also applicable to trolleys and similar vehicles.
Dated this 91st dow of Tula 1904
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.
improvements in or applicable to Wheel Tyres.
I CHARLES CHALLINER of 15 Plymouth Avenue Longsight, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The principal object of this invention is to enable pneumatic tyres to be applied
to the wheels of carriages for road or rail without the liability to puncture or burst
the tyre which is at present inevitable.
The nature of my said invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed or carried into practical effect will be readily understood on reference
to the sheet of drawings hereunto annexed and the following explanation
thereof.
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 on the drawings are transverse sections showing three forms or
modifications of the improved wheel tyre, and Fig. 4 is a partial section and side
view showing a further modification of the same.
According to my invention I construct the wheel with a wooden felloe a much
as usual but outside this felloe I fix a channelled or grooved light metal rim b to
support the pneumatic tyre.
This tyre I prefer to make in the form of an india rubber air tube c enclosed in a
cover d the edges of which are bent round the said tube c and are fixed into the
said metal rim b.
These edges may simply lie in the said rim 6 (as shown at Fig. 1) and be tightened
therein by segments e bolted through the wooden felloe a of the wheel, or to obtain
a tighter grip the metal rim b and segments e and the edges of the cover d may
be formed as shown at Fig. 3, or if preferred the metal rim 6 may be made with a
raised centre as shown at 6+ (Fig. 2) and the edges of the cover d may be held in
place by external rings or annular plates f secured by bolts 9 or by screws or other
suitable means.
Or, the metal rim b may be made of the well known "Carmont" type as shown
in section at Fig. 4 and the edges of the cover d secured in place by means of
wooden or other segments et held in place by bolts, screws, or other means, as
in Fig. 3.

page_text: The form of the pneumatic tyre however must be such that it can expand in the
direction of the circumference of the wheel as hereinafter explained.
In some cases I make the outer periphery of the tyre cover d preferably with a
flat surface as shown and upon this I fix by rivets h or by bolts, cement, vulcani-
zation or otherwise an outer ring i formed of segments of wood, hard rubber, or
any suitable material, and I protect this rim or ring i further by a hoop k (herein-
after called the shield) of steel or other suitable metal either shrunk on as
shown at Fig. 3, rivetted as shown at Figs. 1 and 2, or bolted or otherwise
fastened thereon.
It will be understood that although I have given illustrations of useful applications
of my invention I do not confine myself to the particular section of my shield k as
set forth in the foregoing Specification and illustrated by the drawings. For example
the shield k may be of any other suitable section, and may be formed so as to admit
of a soft wearing surface being applied to its outer periphery.
The inner surface of the wooden or other outer rim i may be flat as shown, or it may
be concave or otherwise formed to fit the outer surface of the cover d of the
pneumatic tyre, and the outer surface of the rim i may be grooved to receive a
projecting bead upon the inner surface of the metal shield k.
I thus obtain a strong unpuncturable tread to the tyre of the wheel in the form
of a complete hoop which, when the weight of the carriage is upon the wheel, will
be excentric with regard to the centre of the said wheel, and it is to allow for
this excentricity that I make the form of the pneumatic tyre as before mentioned
of special shape in transverse section. For this purpose I make the pneumatic
tyre of a flattened or elliptic section as shewn so that the opposite sides can
approach each other as the surface of the shield k recedes from the surface of the
felloe a; and in addition to this the cover d of the tyre may be made with an
inward or outward crease (or creases) at either side either circumferentially or
radially (as shown) so that it can expand and contract somewhat like bellows.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First: The method of shielding pneumatic tyre covers by the combination therewith
of a complete outer hoop formed of wood or other suitable material as hereinbefore
described, and protected by a hoop or shield of steel rivetted or firmly attached
thereto.
Secondly: A cover for pneumatic tyres for wheels formed and attached sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings annexed.
Dated this 10th Anni 1005
GEO. DAVIES & SON.