Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1899
We, LOUIS CHARON, of 40, Rue Lafitte, Paris France, Engineer, and FRÉDÉRIC
MANAUT, of 40, Rue Lafitte, Paris aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:–
The principal disadvantages of heavy petroleum motors as hitherto constructed
are the following:
The working of the motor is not independent of the variation in the level of
the liquid contained in the petroleum reservoir; the liquid combustible distribu-
ted for each useful cycle is not completely used, which diminishes the power of
the motor and increases the fouling; even when the petroleum is not distributed in
excess it is imperfectly utilized, because the flame is not sufficiently intense or
is the cause of missing fire. In general the suction chamber or the vaporizer is
insufficiently heated and the air is not properly mixed with the petroleum admit-
ted, especially in motors working without expansion.
In order to diminish the consumption of raw material most inventors have made
use of what may be called the principle of the "suppression of admission "that
is to say the periodic suppression of a complete charge. This method, however,
does not obviate the losses of material which occur at every useful charge as
long as the work done by the motor is not equal to its maximum power, because
a full charge is too much for the work to be effected. But, even when the work
done is normally equal to the power of the engine there still occur losses of
material in consequence of the explosive power of the insufficiently expanded
gaseous mixture being badly utilized, so that the gases escape at an excessive
temperature and pressure.
Now, in a motor according to this invention the disadvantages herein before
mentioned are completely obviated. These results are obtained by a combination
of new parts such as-a special buiner; a special storing chamber for the gaseous
mixture, which allows of the almost complete recuperation of the heat of the
exhaust and a mechanical device which permits of the simultaneous applica-
tion of the principles of suppression" (of the admission of the gaseous mixture)
and of "storing a portion of the gaseous mixture admitted, for utilization in
the following cycle.
"
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a diagram of a motor according to this
invention;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal elevation of the distributing shaft and of the mechanism
which enables the combination of the principles of storing the gaseous mixture
and of the complete suppression of the admission to be realised when the resist-
ance is largely diminished.
Fig. 3 is a corresponding diagrammatic side elevation.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are detail views of the cams;
Figs. 7, 8 and 9 represent the complete motor in detail in longitudinal eleva-
tion, end elevation, and plan respectively.
Fig. 10 is a detailed longitudinal section of the special burner;

page_text: Fig. 11 shows in longitudinal section the special suction, storing, and exhaust
chamber which is shown in Figs. 7 and 8 in end and longitudinal elevation
respectively.
In the diagram Fig. 1, c represents the cylinder of the motor which is provided
with two valves, of which one a is for drawing-in the charge and the other c is for
the exhaust. The valve a places the cylinder in communication with a vapor-
izer which is heated together with the ignition tube by a special burner b
and communicates at one point by a pipe a with a petroleum distributing valve d,
and at another point by a pipe with a chamber m of a double suction and
exhaust box mr. The distribution of the petroleum is effected by means of a
. plug which receives an intermittent rotary movement from a ratchet wheel n,
operated by the motor, so that passages o in the said plug are successively filled
with liquid drawn from a tank f in which the liquid is maintained at a constant
level and which communicates by a pipe with a petroleum reservoir p. The
passages o, which contain a quantity of liquid according to the level (which may
be varied as desired) in the tank f, are, each in turn, put into simultaneous com-
munication with the pipes and 7. The pipe connects the distributing valve
with a
reservoir into which a pump i, actuated by the motor, compresses air
through a pipe j and this compressed air forces the liquid contained in a pass-
age through the pipe into the vaporizer. The exhaust valve e establishes or
interrupts communication between the cylinder and the pipe t that is con-
nected to the central chamber r of the double box m-r.
The burner b, which renders incandescent the ignition tube w that is protected
by the casing of the vaporizer (as is clearly shown in Fig. 7), is represented in
detail in Fig. 10. This burner is suitably fixed to the frame of the motor and
comprises three metal pieces 1, 2 and 3. The piece 2 comprises a screw, provided
with one or more threads and a vertical central passage 4 which discharges at
the upper end through orifices 5 equal in number to the threads of the screw
and communicates at the lower end through the body 3 with the petroleum
supply pipes. The swelled lower portion of the part 2 is furnished with an an-
nular groove which communicates by a passage 6 on the body 3 with a pipe k
from the compressed air reservoir 7, and by inclined passages 7 with the annular
and helicoidal space formed between the upper portion of the part 2 and the
sleeve 1 which surrounds it. Petroleum flowing through s rises in the passage 4
and escapes by the openings 5 from which it is ejected and atomized by the cur-
rent of compressed air that passes successively through k, 6, 7 and the annular
and helicoidal space, and thereby causes a very intimate mixing of petroleum and
air and enables an exceedingly hot flame to be obtained at the orifice 8 of the
sleeve 1. By means of the passages 9 bored at the top of the sleeve 1 near the
mouths of the passages 5, the external air may be caused to enter for the purpose
of diminishing the consumption of compressed air.
For the purpose of igniting the burner an asbestos cord may be placed perma-
nently in the groove 10 of the sleeve 1, so that when petroleum reaches 8 and
overflows it is absorbed by the cord and may be ignited by a match. When the
body of the burner becomes hot the compressed air is admitted, and the burner
acts normally without an overflow of petroleum. This igniting device is not
indispensable.
The drawings show clearly the arrangement of the burner in relation to the
complete motor. This arrangement is such that not only the ignition tube is
maintained incandescent but the heat furnished by the burner is almost entirely
utilized for heating the vaporizer.
Figs. 7, 8 and 11 show in detail the double suction and exhaust chamber, which
consists of two concentric cylinders joined by a series of annular partition walls y.
The interior of the inner cylinder forms an internal cylindrical chamber into
which the exhaust gases pass before being discharged into the air. This cham-
berserves for heating the annular space m which surrounds it, and into which
the external air is drawn through the openings in the front wall. The annular

page_text: space m constitutes at the same time a suction chamber and a storing chamber
for a portion of the mixture of air and petroleum drawn-in during the preceding
operation of the cycle as will be hereinafter described. The said space is divided
into several compartments by partitions y perforated by openings, that are
located at diametrically opposite points. The circulation of the gaseous mixture
returned from the cylinder after each aspiration and the circulation of the fresh
air flowing in the opposite direction through the openings a, are thereby retarded.
Now, in normal working when the output is equal to the designed power of the
motor, the cycle of operations is the following:-
At the first operation-that is to say-on the first outward stroke of the cylin-
der piston, the valve a is open and the valve e is closed, so that the mixture in the
vaporizer g of external air, which is heated in the space m and petroleum, which
is supplied by the distributing valve d, is admitted into the cylinder.
At the second operation-that is to say- on the first return stroke of the piston
there are two phases: (1) the valve a is still open and the valve e still closed.
The piston therefore drives back out of the cylinder a portion of the mixture,
which it has just drawn-in, and which is then stored in the annular space m and
in the suction pipe q. (2) During the second portion of this first return stroke
of the piston, the valve a closes while the valve e still remains closed, so that
the gaseous mixture remaining in the cylinder becomes compressed, whereupon
the ignition and the explosion occur.
During the third operation-that is to say-the second forward stroke of the
piston, the two valves a and e still remain closed while the gases expand and do
useful work.
During the fourth operation, which corresponds to the second inward stroke
of the piston, the valve a remains closed but the valve o opens, thereby permit-
ting the burnt gases to escape and pass through the pipe into the central cham-
berr, where they heat the gaseous mixture stored in m at the second operation,
and then escape into the atmosphere. During the final phase of the fourth opera-
tion, the distributing valve d is partially rotated and petroleum is injected into
the vaporizer and the cycle described is repeated.
9
At the first operation of the second cycle, however, the piston draws-in the
gaseous mixture, stored during the preceding cycle, from the space m thereupon
fresh air is drawn-in under the conditions hereinbefore described through the
openings and mixed with the petroleum injected into the vaporizer at the
second operation partial storing and compression occur; at the third operation
explosion and expansion; at the fourth, expulsion of the burnt gases and so on.
This is the cycle of operations which occur when the motor is working normally,
The distributing mechanism, which causes the closing or opening of the admis-
sion and exhaust valves at the desired time, is represented in detail in Figs. 2,
7, 8, and 9, and diagrammatically in Fig. 3. This mechanism is so arranged that
in normal working the cycle herein before described is obtained, and moreover,
when the speed of the motor exceeds a fixed limit, the admission is thereby com-
pletely suppressed. This combination of the principles of storing the gaseous
mixture and of suppressing the admission constitutes an important feature of
this invention.
The distributing shaft 11, to which the piston imparts, by means of any suitable
transmission gear, a continuous rotary motion, carries a sleeve 12, which may be
moved in a longitudinal direction on the said shaft, while continuing to rotate
with the shaft by means of a pin or other suitable device engaging in a groove
on the shaft. The sleeve 12 is under the action of a spring 13 which maintains it
normally in the position indicated in Fig. 2 against an abutment 14 cast with or
fixed upon the shaft 11. On the sleeve 12 there are fixed two cams, of which
one 15 (represented in side elevation in Fig. 4) serves for simultaneously control-
ling the suction valve a and the ratchet which actuates the petroleum distribu-
ting valve, and the other 17-16 (represented in elevation and in plan in Figs. 5
and 6 respectively), which is double, serves for controlling the exhaust valve

page_text: by the part 17 thereof when working normally. These several actions are clearly
indicated in the diagram Fig. 3. The cam 15 acts normally on a roller 18 sus-
pended at the end of a lever 19 that oscillates about a fixed point 20 and is jointed
at its opposite end to one of the ends of a link 21. The other end of the said link
is jointed to a lever 22 which oscillates about a fixed point 23 and carries, near
its point of oscillation, an armi 24 for controlling the valve a, and at its upper end,
a pawl 25 for operating the ratchet wheel that controls the petroleum distribu-
ting valve. The part 17 of the cam 16-17 acts normally on a roller 26 mounted
at one of the ends of a lever 27 which oscillates about a fixed pivot 28 and the
opposite end of which acts on the rod of the valve e. The sleeve 12 is provided
with an inclined plane 29, on the face nearest the governor 30, and in the path of
the said incline there is suspended a roller 31, at the end of a lever 32 that oscil-
lates about a fixed point 33. In normal working this roller is simply driven out-
wards by the incline 29, but from the sleeve of the governor there is rigidly sus-
pended a rod 35 carrying at its lower end an adjustable collar 36 which, when the
speed of the motor increases, rises with the rod and the governor sleeve and en-
gages with a shoulder 34 on the lever 32, so that the oscillation of the said lever
from left to right is prevented. As long as the collar 36 remains in contact with
the shoulder 34, the incline 29 (hereinafter called the suppressing inclined plane)
will move the cam sleeve 12 towards the left against the action of the spring,
instead of moving the roller 31 and lever 32 towards the governor. By this means
the cam 15 escapes the roller 18 and the normal suction of the mixture and the
distribution of the petroleum do not occur, whilst the short portion 17 of the
cam 16-17 escapes the roller 26, with which it is normally in contact, and the
said roller comes into contact with the long portion 16 of the said cam. Now,
the long part 16 of the cam is so arranged that the exhaust valve remains open,
not only during the period of exhaust but also during the period of suction-that
is during a complete revolution. When therefore the sleeve 12 is moved by
reason of an abnormal increase in the speed, the distribution of the petroleum
and the drawing-in of the mixture from the annular chamber m are no longer
affected, while the admission of the stored mixture, which remains in the annular
chamber m until a succeeding admission, or of external air, is suppressed. The
principal effect obtained is a suppression of the admission of the gaseous mix-
ture, and of the distribution of the petroleum. Moreover, when the portion 16
of the cam 16-17 acts on the roller 26 and thus keeps the exhaust valve open,
not only while the burnt gases are being expelled but also while the mixture
is being drawn-in, the piston draws-in from the exhaust, i.e., from the cylindrical
chamber, during each cycle of suppression. The total suppression of admis-
sion would have caused a vacuum in the cylinder during the period of suction--
that is to say during the first operation of the cycle, if this hail not been obviated
by leaving the cylinder at this moment in free communication with the exhaust-
that is to say with the atmosphere. In certain special cases fresh air may be
drawn-in from the atmosphere during the period of suppression instead of the
hot gases of the exhaust. For this purpose there may be interposed, between
the exhaust valve and the exhaust chamber a flap valve opening inwardly which
will act automatically each time suppression occurs.
The device herein before described is arranged, by means of the position of the
suppressing inclined plane 29, so that the movement of the cam sleeve 12 may
take place at the end of the third operation of the normal cycle-that is to say,
at the moment when in the fourth operation the normal exhaust occurs, the
valve c being open. During the first operation of the suppression cycle the
valve c remains open while the valve a is closed, and the operations herein before
described follow one another consecutively.
It will be evident that a motor constructed according to the principles des-
cribed will be very economical, as on the one hand, the petroleum is utilised in a
perfect manner in normal working by means of the principle of storing the mix-
ture, and on the other hand, when the motor does not give out all the energy

page_text: for which it is constructed, the suppression of the admission of the active gases
into the cylinder takes place automatically.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. A four-cycle heavy-petroleum motor in which the gaseous mixture (composed
of external air and petroleum which is driven by means of compressed air into a
vaporizer g from a distributing valve operated by the suction cam) is drawn into
the cylinder at the first operation, and at the second is, in part, stored in a double
suction and exhaust chamber (mr) for use in the succeeding cycle, whilst, when
the speed of the motor exceeds a certain limit, the drawing-in of external air and
stored mixture and the supply of petroleum are automatically and simultaneously
suppressed by the action of the governor, and spent gases from the exhaust
chamber r, with or without external air, are drawn into the cylinder.
2. A motor according to Claim 1 in which the double suction and exhaust
chamber is composed of two concentric cylinders forming a central cylindrical
space for the exhaust arranged so as to heat the partitioned annular space m.
which surrounds it, and in which the external air, drawn-in through the open-
ings, is heated and mixed with the stored gaseous mixture.
3. A motor according to Claim 1, in which a mechanical device is used for
the combination of the principles of "storing the gaseous mixture" and "the
suppression of the suction," comprising a suppressing inclined plane 29 fixed on
a cam sleeve 12 which is movable longitudinally on the distributing shaft 11,
so that in normal working the inclined plane acts on a lever 32 which may how-
ever be held fast by a collar 36 on a rod 35 carried by the governor sleeve when
the speed exceeds a certain limit, so that the cam sleeve will be caused to slide,
to act on the exhaust valve and to suppress the action of the distribution and
admission.
4. In a petroleum motor according to Claim 1, a petroleum and compressed-air
burner comprising a body 2 which is provided with a central passage 4 for the
supply of petroleum and with compressed-air passages formed by the space left
between peripheral grooves arranged on the surface of the body 2 and a sleeve 1
which surrounds it and at the top of which the mixture or petroleum and air,
suitably mixed and heated, burns.
5. The improved petroleum motor constructed, arranged and operating as here-
inbefore described with reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 30th day of October 1899.
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.