Improvements in Ventilating Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating Apparatus.
I, ROBERT BOYLE, of the Firm of Robert Boyle & Son Limited, of 64, Holborn
Viaduct, in the City of London, Ventilating Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to ventilating apparatus of the kind known as Boyle's
self acting air pump ventilators and it has for its objects to provide apparatus
wherein currents in the wrong direction are prevented and wherein water is pre-
vented from gaining access through the ventilators which is especially necessary
in the case of ventilators for ships, torpedo boats and the like. My invention is
directed to both the down-cast and the up-cast ventilators which are necessary in
a ventilating system.
As regards the downcast ventilators my present improvements are directed to
those in which the air enters at the upper part of the apparatus and then passes
first downwards through a first descending passage then upwards through an
ascending passage and then downwards through a second descending passage into
the room cabin or other place to be ventilated. The air which enters the appara-
tus is directed into the first descending passage by a cone or the like depending
from the top of the apparatus and by an inclined surface leading to the said
descending passage.
According to my invention I make the cone or the like with a lower part so
turned or deflected that it directs the air currents coming from different direc-
tions through the inlet openings of the ventilator into the first descending passage
so that all the air passes readily into the said passage without the currents inter-
fering with each other. At the lower part of the said first descending passage,
and of the ascending passage I arrange plates curved and overlapping each other
at the lower parts thereof but so as to leave a space for air between them the air
passing down between some of these plates and then up between others of their
into the ascending air passage. Any water which passes into the ventilator passes
down between these plates at the openings presented at their lower overlapping
parts and is directed out sideways by a channel provided with a non-return flap
or valve. To prevent water passing up the ascending passage and thence into the
room or cabin which may be liable to occur when the ventilators become immersed
in water as is sometimes the case in rough seas I make the lower part of the par-
tition between the first descending passage and the ascending passage in the form
of a flap or valve hinged so that under the force of incoming water it will be
turned up against the opposite side of the ascending passage so as to close it.
The upcast part of the ventilating arrangement is one in which the upcast shaft
terminates in an opening surrounded by curved deflectors with openings between:
them in which are situated angled deflectors the openings between the said deflec--
tors being guarded by angled plates and these again being guarded by plates seb
at some little distance therefrom. The said angled deflectors have hitherto had"
their angle presented outwards but I find that an improved effect is obtained: if

page_text: the angle be presented inwards as water and wind are thereby more effectually
prevented from entering and the updraught is not impeded. I continue the up-
cast shaft some little distance up within the series of deflectors first making it
incline outwards and then inwards and then preferably turning its upper part
slightly outwards again and I provide in its interior an inclined plate or inclined
plates to intercept down currents of air or water which pass out at the side by flaps
or valves opening outwards. The upcast shaft below the inclined arrangements
described may be surrounded by a casing forming an annular space with an in-
clined bottom any descending air or water being deflected into this space and
passing out at the side by a flap or valve at the lower part near the lowermost
point of the said inclined.bottom. Where necessary tubes or passages can be
arranged to lead out at the sides the air or water which passes down as aforesaid.
To prevent large bodies of water, which may force their way past this arrange-
ment, from passing into the room or cabin I make the upcast shaft
with a recessed or chambered part below the place where its vertical
part joins its horizontal part and at the junction. and overhanging the
said chambered part I hinge a cork or other flap or valve which is acted upon by
incoming water so as to close the horizontal part of the upcast shaft and prevent
the passage of water therethrough. In order to cause an upcurrent of air in calm
weather I may use an air heating device in the upcast shaft and then I prefer
to use a device consisting of perforated lumps of asbestos or clay or equivalent
material arranged on trays or preferably on perforated cones these being heated
by a Bunsen burner beneath. As the air from the room or the like passes through
this heated material any disease germs will be destroyed and therefore this
arrangement will be very suitable for use in hospitals.
Dated this 4th day of February 1899.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Ventilating Apparatus.
I, ROBERT BOYLE, of the Firm of Robert Boyle & Son Limited, of 64, Holborn
Viaduct, in the City of London, Ventilating Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement ;-
My invention relates to ventilating apparatus of the kind known as Boyle's
self-acting air pump ventilators and it has for its objects to provide apparatus
wherein currents of air in the wrong direction are prevented and wherein water
is prevented from gaining access through the ventilators which preventions are
especially necessary in the case of ventilators for ships, torpedo boats and the like.
My invention is directed to both the down-cast and the up-cast ventilators which
are necessary in a ventilating system.
I will describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a down cast ventilator, constructed according to
my invention, and Figures 2 and 3 are a vertical and horizontal section of an up-
cast ventilator made in accordance with my invention Figures 4, 5 and 6 are verti-
cal sections shewing modifications as hereinafter described.
As regards the down-cast ventilators my present improvements are directed to
those in which the air enters at the upper part of the apparatus by the openings

page_text: b
between the cross plates a a² Figure 1 and then passes first downwards through a
first descending passage b then upwards through an ascending passage c and then
downwards through a second descending passage d into the room, cabin, or other
place, to be ventilated. The air which enters the apparatus is directed into the
first descending passage 6 by the plates a and angle filling pieces e and by an
inclined surface f leading to the said descending passage b. According to my
invention I make the plate a with a lower part a so turned, or deflected, that it
directs the air currents, coming from different directions through the inlet open-
ings between the plates aa of the ventilator, into the first descending passage
so that all the air passes readily and equally into the said passage without the
currents interfering with each other. At the lower part of the said first descend-
ing passage and of the ascending passage c I arrange plates gh, curved and
overlapping each other at the lower parts thereof, but so as to leave spaces for air
between them the air passing down between the plates 9 and then up between the
plates into the ascending air passage and then, by the descending passage d,
to the room, cabin, or place, to be ventilated. Any water which passes into the
ventilator passes down between the plates g and h at the openings presented at
their lower over-lapping parts and is directed out sideways by a channel i pro-
vided with a non-return flap or valve j¹. To prevent water passing up the ascend-
ing passage c and thence by the descending channel d into the room, or cabin,
which may be liable to occur when the ventilators become immersed in water, as
is sometimes the case in rough seas, I make the lower part of the partition k
between the first descending passage b and the ascending passage in the form of
a flap, or valve hinged so that, under the force of incoming water, it will be
turned up against the opposite side of the ascending passage c as indicated by
dotted lines so as to close it.
The up-cast part of the ventilating arrangement (Figures 2 and 3) is one in
which the up-cast shaft terminates in an opening surrounded by curved deflec-
tors m with openings between them in which are situated angled deflectors n, the
openings between the said deflectors being guarded by plates 7 and these again
being guarded by plates 9 set at some little distance therefrom, the whole being
surmounted by a hood or top . The said angled deflectors n have hitherto had
their angle presented outwards but I find that an improved effect is obtained if
as then water and wind
the angle be presented inwards as illustrated in Figure
are deflected outwards and more effectually prevented from entering and the up-
draught is not impeded. I make the up-cast shaft l, at top first incline outwards,
as shewn at 2, and then inwards as shewn at 3, and then outwards again as at 12*
and then inwards again as at 13* and then preferably I turn its upper part slightly
outwards again as shewn at 1, and I provide, in its interior, an inclined plate or
inclined plates, r, to intercept down currents of air, or water, which pass out at
the side by flaps or valves opening outwards.
In Figure 2 I have shewn two such inclined plates, but one, or more, may be
used. I have in Figure shewn a modification in which one plate r is used, the
upper part of the shaft in which it is situated being made with only one set of
outwardly and inwardly inclined parts 13. The up-cast shaft below the inclined
arrangement at the upper part of the shaft may be surrounded by a casing s as
shewn in Figure 5 forming a continuation of the part 2 (instead of that part
being a continuation of the shaft 7) so that this casing forms an annular space sª
with an inclined bottom 3, any descending air or water being deflected into this
space and passing out at the side by a flap, or valve, s, at the lower part near
the lowermost point of the said inclined bottom 3. The apparatus here shewn
has the upper arrangement of deflector plates entirely above the shaft 7 and a
gas burners and chimney s6 and deflecting cube s are shewn in the said shaft.
This arrangement is adapted for use on the roof of a house.
Where necessary
tubes or passages can be arranged to lead out at the sides from the inclined
plates r, as shewn at 3 Figure 4, the flap or valve being provided at the out-
ward opening of the tube so that the air or water which passes down as aforesaid

page_text: .
can escape at the side without entering the room or cabin. To prevent large
bodies of water which may force their way past this arrangement, from passing
into the room or cabin, I make the up-cast shaft with a recessed or chambered
part 1, (Figure 2) below the place where its vertical part joins its horizontal
part 16, and at the junction and overhanging the said chambered part, I hinge a
cork or other flap or valve, which is acted upon by incoming water, so as to
close the horizontal part of the up-cast shaft as indicated by the dotted lines and
prevent the passage of water therethrough to the room or cabin. In order to cause
an increased upcurrent of air in calm weather I may use an air heating device
in the upcast shaft as shewn in Figure 4 and I prefer to use for this purpose a
device consisting of lumps of asbestos or clay or equivalent material t perforated
so that the air may pass freely through and arranged on perforated trays or cones
or preferably between conical grids the said material being heated by atmos-
pheric burners beneath. As the air from the room or the like passes through
this heated material any disease germs will be destroyed and therefore this
arrangement is very suitable for use in hospitals. In the drawing I have shewn
one such perforated tray or cone but I may use two or more as desired.
Figure 6 shews an arrangement wherein there is an annular space and means
for discharging water as described with regard to Figure 5 but applied
to a downcast ventilator the top of the shaft being covered by a hood w and
deflecting plates g and h being used to direct incoming water into the space s
these plates making between them passages bed as in the arrangement Figure 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1. Ventilating apparatus consisting of the combination of a down-cast ventila-
tor with air passages which first descend, then ascend, and then descend again (b
ed) a deflecting plate a² with an inclined lower part (a) and inclined plate (f)
to direct the air into the first descending channel 6 overlapping plates (gh) with
spaces between for the passage of air and escape of water by a side channel (2)
and a flap or valve (2) forming the lower part of the partition between the first
descending and the ascending air passages in combination with an up-cast venti-
lator with reversely inclined plates (1213 Figure 4 or as in Figure 2) at the upper
part of the shaft guarded by deflecting plates surrounding it and a hood or top
above it and with a flap or valve (7) which will close against an inrush of water
all substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In a down-cast ventilator having passages which first descend, then ascend
and then descend again (bcd) a deflecting plate a² with an inclined lower part a
and a plate f inclined in the same direction to direct the air into the first descend-
ing channel and overlapping plates such as gh with spaces between for the pass-
age of air and escape of water by a side channel i provided with a flap or valve
substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
3. In a downcast ventilator having passages which first descend, then ascend,
and then descend again (bed) the combination of the plates g and h and outlet
passages for the escape of water and a flap or valve such as 13 arranged to close
the ascending passage on the inrush of water substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated.
4. In an up-cast ventilator of the character indicated reversely inclined
plates Figure 4 (or duplicated as in Figure 2) at the upper part of the shaft
or the continuation thereof substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
5. In up-cast ventilators an inclined plate or inclined plates (such as r) in the
upper part of the shaft or the continuation thereof with means for discharging
water and air at the side of the upper part of the ventilator substantially as here-
in before described.
6. In up-cast ventilators of the character indicated deflector plates such as n
with their angle presented inwards substantially, as hereinbefore described.
7. In up-cast ventilators a heating device consisting of a perforated tray, cone,

page_text: or grid, or perforated trays cones or grids supporting lumps of perforated asbestos,
clay, or the like heated by atmospheric burners substantially as hereinbefore
described.
8. In ventilating apparatus an annular space such as s around the upper part
of the air shaft or its continuation the said space having an inclined bottom and
means for allowing of the escape of water, or of water and air therefrom substan-
tially as hereinbefore described.
835
↑
1000
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.