IMPROVEMENTS IN 'DRILLS AND APPARATUS FOR BORING HOLES IN COAL, HARD GROUND, SLATE, AND MINERALS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles John Chubb, of No. 18, Endsleigh
Street, Tavistock Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN 'DRILLS AND APPARATUS FOR BORING
HOLES IN COAL, HARD GROUND, SLATE, AND MINERALS."
Scaled the 6th April 1869, and dated the 21st January 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles John Chubb
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st January 1869.
I, CHARLES JOHN OHUBB, of No. 18, Endsleigh Street, Tavistock
Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLS AND APPARATUS FOR
BORING HOLES IN COAL, HARD GROUND, SLATE, AND MINERALS," to be as
follows:-
When getting coal by boring holes into the face of the, coal that is
to be worked, and inserting into such holes apparatus to break down
the coal, cylindrical holes of about 4 or more inches in diameter have
to be bored into the coal to receive the apparatus. For this purpose I

page_text: employ a drill, the cutting end of which is formed with teeth to cut
first into the coal an annular hole, leaving a cylindrical core standing
in the centre. This core is afterwards broken up by other cutters or
projections on the central portion of the end of the bar, which forms
the stem of the drill. The stem of the drill is twisted or formed into
a screw to remove from the hole the picces of coal and small. I prefer
to employ two cutting teeth to cut the annular hole. These teeth project
beyond the teeth formed in the central part of the end of the bar or
stem of the drill, and are suitably bent to opposite sides of the stem, so
that the cutting edge of one tooth projects to one side of the end of the
bar, whilst the other tooth projects from its opposite side, these two or
more cutting teeth forming part of a circle, tho diameter of which is
equal to the hole to be bored. The stem of the drill is when boring
forced forward by means of a screw, the pitch of which depends upon
the hardness of the material to be bored at the same time that it is
turned round to bore the hole. The screw works in a nut carried by a
pillar fixed tightly between the floor and roof of the mine. A keyway
is cut longitudinally of the screw to receive a key in the boss of a hand
wheel or ratchet, which is carried by the screw and which may work
close up against the side of the nut. The boss of the wheel is bored out
plane to run loose upon the screw; a key is fixed in it to fit the key-
way in the screw, so that the screw may be turned by the wheel, but the
wheel shall not advance with the screw. The nut is fixed to the side
plates of the pillar by pins passing through both of them, and numerous
holes are formed through the side plates of the pillar, so that the nut
can be fixed to it at any desired height. In some cases in order to
shorten the length of the drill stem and screw which forces it forwards
I form the greater part of the length of the stem tubular, so that a
screw fixed 'at its rear end, to a pillar may enter into such tubular stem;
in this case in order to turn the drill and at the same time force it
forwards a bevel wheel is employed, through the boss of which a screw
thread is cut to work upon the screw carried by the pillar, whilst the
end of a boss on one side of the bevil wheel is formed with a clutch to
engage with the end of the drill stem, so that when the bevil wheel is
turned the drill is caused not only to turn with it, but is also at the
same time pressed forwards by the bevil wheel as it moves forwards
along the screw. On the opposite side of the wheel is a boss connected
with the wheel in such manner that the boss shall follow the wheel as
it moves endwise along the screw, but yet so that the boss shall not turn

page_text: with the wheel. The boss carries a key which enters a keyway formed
longitudinally along the screw. From the periphery of this loose boss
is carried the axis of another bevil wheel, gearing at right angles with
the bevil wheel on the scrow, and on the axis. of this second bevil wirel
is a ratchet handle by which it can be turned.
I also construct pillars which are to carry boring apparatus for
boring holes into coal in such manner that its ends may adapt them-
selves to inequalities in the floor or roof of the mine by forming at each
end of the pillar a ball to be received into a corresponding socket or
recess in the face of a stop or foot which on its opposite face is formed
with teeth to enter into or bear against the floor or roof of the mine.
The pillars I make capable of being lengthened or shortened by means
of a screw at one of their ends. or otherwise. I prefer that the balls
should be carried by pieces separate from the pillar, and that such pieces
should fit into sockets in the screw and. opposite end of the pillar
respectively, or into distance pieces placed between them to suit different
heights of mine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles John Chubb in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st July 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I; CHARLES
JOHN CHUBB, of No. 18, Endsleigh Street, Tavistock Square, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles John Chubb,
Her special licence that I, the said Charles John Chubb, my exc-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles John Chubb, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom

page_text: of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLS AND APPARATUS FOR BORING
HOLES IN COAL, HARD GROUND, SLATE, AND MINERALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles John Chubb, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles John Chubb, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
Name is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
When getting coal by boring holes into the face of the coal that is to
be worked, and inserting into such holes apparatus to break down the
coal, cylindrical holes of about 4 or more inches in diameter have to be
bored into the coal to receive the apparatus. For this purpose I employ
a drill the cutting end of which is formed with teeth to cut first into
the coal an annular hole, leaving a cylindrical core standing in the
centre. This core is afterwards broken up by other cutters or projections
on the central portion of the end of the bar which forms the stem of the
drill. The stem of the drill is twisted or formed into a screw to remove
from the hole the pieces of coal and small. I prefer to employ -two
cutting teeth to cut the annular hole. These teeth project beyond the
teeth formed in the central part of the end of the bar or stem of the drill,
and are suitably bent to opposite sides of the stem, so that the cutting
edge of one tooth projects to one side of the end of the bar, whilst the
other tooth projects from its opposite side, these two or more cutting
teeth forming part of. a circle, the diameter of which is equal to the hole
to be bored.
Figure 1 shows a side view on a small scale of a drill formed as abovO
described for boring holes into coal, hard ground, slate, or mineral,
Figure 2 shows full size a side view of the cutting end of the drill; and
Figure 3 is an end view of the same.
is the twisted stem of the drill, formed at one of its ends with
cutting teeth b, b, to cut an annular hole of the diameter of the hole to
be bored, and also with other cutters c, c, to break up the cylindrical

page_text: core which is loft standing in the centre of the annular hole cut by the
cutters b. The stem of the drill is by preference formed of a strip of
plate iron twisted in the form shown by the Drawing, and having welded
to one of its ends a socket, by which it can be fixed on to the end of the
screw employed for simultaneously turning it round and giving to it a
forward motion. The other end of the stem has welded to it the
teeth b, b, and c, c, which are of steel. By thus forming drills for boring
holes into coal, hard ground, slate, or mineral, so that they shall first
cut an annular hole and afterwards break down the central core left
standing in the centre of the hole, as above described, the greater part
of the coal or mineral to be removed in order to form a holo may merely
be broken up into lumps and not be reduced into powder, as is the case
with drills as ordinarily constructed, and thus a hole may be bored with
much less expenditure of power than was heretofore necessary.
What I claim as regards this part of my Invention is, the forming
drills for boring holes into coal, hard ground, slate, or mineral in such
manner that they shall first cut an annular hole of the diameter of the
holo to be bored, and afterwards break up the core left standing in tho
centre of such hole, substantially as herein described.
In order to give a revolving motion and at the same time an
advancing motion to drills employed for boring holes into coal, hard
ground, slate, or mineral, I connect the stem of the drill to a screw,
which works in a nut carried by a pillar fixed tightly between the floor
and roof of a mine, as has before been proposed; but in place of giving
motion to such screw by a hand wheel upon its end as has heretofore
been the case I cut a keyway longitudinally of the screw to receive a
key in the boss of a hand wheel or ratchet, which is carried by the screw
and which may work close up against the side of the nut. The boss of
the wheel is bored out plain to run loose upon the screw; a key is fixed
in it to fit the keyway in the screw, so that the screw may be turned.
by the wheel, but the wheel need not advance with the screw. The nut
is fixed to the side plates of the pillar by pins passing through both of
them, and numerous holes are formed through the side plates of the
pillar, so that the nut can be fixed to it at any height. I also construct
the pillars which are to carry boring apparatus for boring holes into coal
in such manner that their ends may adapt themselves to inequalities in
the floor or roof of the mine by forming at each end of the pillar a ball
to be received into a corresponding socket or recess in the face of a step.

page_text: or foot, which on its opposite face is formed with teeth to enter into or
bear against the floor or roof of the mine. The pillars I make capable
of being lengthened or shortened by means of a screw at one of their
ends or otherwise. I prefer that the balls should be carried by picces
separate from the pillar, and that such pieces should fit into sockets in
the screw and opposite end of the pillar respectively, or into distance
pieces placed between tliem to suit different heights of mino.
At Figure 4 is shown a side view of an apparatus, such as is above
described, for carrying a drill for drilling holes into coat, hard ground,
slate, or mineral.
Figure 5 shews full size a front view of the central portion of the
pillar which is to be fixed between the floor and roof of the mine,
and which carries the nut through which works the screw by which
the drill has the rotary and forward movements given to it.
Figure 6 shews a side view partly in section of the screw which is to
screw into one end of the central portion of the pilar; and Figure 7 shows
in section a lengthening piece, one end of which may be dropped either
into the socket formed at the opposite end of the central portion of the
pillar to that which receives the screw, or it may be dropped into a
socket'in the end of the screw itself. These lengthening pieces may be s
made of different lengths, so that whatever may be the heigth of the
mine the pillars may be fixed in it.
'
Figure 8 shews a ball formed with a stem suitable for being received
either in the socket at the end of the screw, or in the socket at the end
of the central portion of the pillar, or into the socket at the end of one
of the lengthening pieces.
Figure 9 shews in section one of the feet which fit on to the balls
shewn at Figure 8.
The screw employed for giving motion to the drill is shown at Figure
10; it is suitably formed at cach end to fit into a socket at the end of
the stem of the drill, and to be fixed thereto by a key passing through
both of them. A slot or keyway is formed along the screw, as is clearly
shown, for a key fixed in the boss of the wheel A to enter. The wheel A
can then be brought close up to the pillar, and there will consequently
be much less liability to bend or twist the screw than when the screw is
turned by a whcel or handle fixed on to its end as heretofore.

page_text: What I claim as regards this part of my Invention is,―
First. When giving motion to drills employed for boring holes in coal,
hard ground, slate, or mineral by means of a screw working through a
nut held by a pillar as herein described, I claim forming a slot or key-
way longitudinally of the screw for a key carried by the boss of a hand
wheel or ratchet to enter into, substantially as herein described.
Second. Constructing pillars which are to carry boring apparatus for
boring holes into coal, hard ground, slate, or mineral with feet connected
to their ends by ball and socket joints, so that they may adapt themselves
to inequalities in the floor or roof of a mine.
Third. Constructing pillars which are to carry boring apparatus for
boring holes into coal, hard ground, slate, or mineral, in such manner
that they can be lengthened or shortened by distance pieces, substantially
as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles John Chubb, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
CHARLES JOHN CHUBB. (L.S.)