IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Moore, Brewer, of the Firm of Tennant,
Brothers, Exchange Brewery, Sheffield, in the County of York, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS."
Sealed the 1st April 1859, and dated the 15th October 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Moore, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th October 1858.
I, THOMAS MOORE, Brewer, of the Firm of Tennant, Brothers, Exchange
Brewery, Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS," to be as follows:-
They consist of appliances for cooling brewers and distillers worts and other
liquids, in which all the component particles of the liquid flowing through a
series of continuous pipes are alternately thrown into contact with the surface
of the pipes, and exposed to the cooling action of water flowing as usual in
a contrary direction. A square or polygonal vessel of cast iron or any suitable
material is formed of such size as may be necessary, with fretted or interwoven
channels ascending with a slight gradient from the base or sides of the vessel
to the centre. These channels commence at one angle of the polygon, and
run parallel to the sides, that in connection with the last side being neces-
sarily the width of the first channel shorter than the others; all are returned

page_text: at the same angle as the sides, and continued throughout, diminishing in
regular succession. Partitions of galvanized iron or other material separate
the channels, which are formed of such depths as to contain a series of one,
two, or more pipes. These pipes are placed between the partitions; they are
continuous, and so connected at the angles that by removing a cap with a
screw or telescope joint, one end of each pipe may be opened, the capped or
accessible end throughout having the same relative position, that is, each being
in the end of the pipe, forming, when the vessel is other than square, a
re-entrant angle with the pipe next in ascending progression. The pipes are
connected with the inlet for the wort at the bottom, and with the outlet at
the top, and the whole bound together in position, so that they may be raised
out of the containing vessel at pleasure, and cleaned by introducing an instru-
ment at the accessible end of each pipe, and admitting water to flow through
them. Stop taps may be fixed at intervals, to regulate the weight and flow
of water during the process of cleaning. When the apparatus is in use, the
cold water is admitted at the top, and flows downward by the channels to
an outlet near the point where the wort or heated fluid is admitted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Moore, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th April 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
MOORE, Brewer, of the Firm of Tennant, Brothers, Exchange Brewery,
Sheffield, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Moore, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Moore,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Thomas Moore, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REFRIGERATORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas
Moore, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under

page_text: my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Moore, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My improvements consist in appliances for cooling brewers and distillers
worts and other liquids, in which all the compound particles of the liquid,
flowing through a series of continuous pipes, are alternately thrown into
contact with the surface of the pipes, and exposed to the cooling action of
water surrounding the pipes, and flowing as usual in a contrary direction. A
square or polygonal vessel of cast iron or any suitable material, of such size
as may be necessary, is formed with fretted or interwoven channels ascending
with a slight gradient from the base or sides of the vessel to the centre.
These channels commence at one angle of the polygon, and run parallel to
the sides, that in connection with the last side being necessarily the width of
the first channel shorter than the others; all are returned at the same angle
as the sides, and continued throughout, diminishing in regular succession.
Partitions of galvanized iron or other material separate the channels, which
are formed of such depths as to contain a series of one, two, or more pipes.
These pipes are placed between the partitions; they are continuous, and so
connected at the angles that by removing a cap with a screw or telescope
joint, one end of each pipe may be opened, the capped or accessible end
throughout having the same relative position, that is, each being in the end
of the pipe, forming, when the vessel is other than square, a re-entrant angle
with the pipe next in ascending progression. The pipes are connected with
the inlet for the wort at the bottom, and with the outlet at the top, and the
whole bound together in position, so that they may be raised out of the
containing vessel at pleasure, and cleaned by introducing an instrument at
the accessible end of each pipe, and admitting water to flow through them.
Stop taps may be fixed at intervals to regulate the weight and flow of water
during the process of cleaning. When the apparatus is in use the cold. water
is admitted at the top, and flows downwards by the channels to an outlet near
the point where the wort or heated fluid is admitted.
And in order that my said Invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into effect, I will now proceed to describe the same, reference being

page_text: bad to the annexed Sheet of Drawing, and to the letters and figures marked
tbercon.
Fig. 1 is a ground plan of my refrigerator; Fig. 2, a vertical section,
through the line (a, a,) of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a detached view of an angle
or elbow end of a pipe, with the cap removed, showing the manner in which
the pipes are connected. (A, A,) represents the framework, with the neces-
sary gradient, upon which the continuous partition (B, B), which forms the
channels, is fixed. This partition, made of such depth as may be desirable,
is connected at the angles by ordinary well-known mechanical means, and
terminates at the lowest point with a projecting part (6), to which the inlets
and outlets are attached. The bottom of the chamber or channel (C, C,)
between the folds or returns of the partition (B, B,) is fixed with the
partition, and caulked. In the chamber or channel (C, C,) a series of one
or more continuous pipes (D, D,) are placed, which pipes are connected, as
shown in Fig. 3, and suspended from the top of the frame (E, E,) which
top can be raised or lowered at pleasure by means of suitable machinery.
The inlet pipes for the wort at (c) are connected, by telescope or other joints
or connecting pieces, to the continuous pipes (D, D,) in such manner that
they may be withdrawn from them, and raised clear of the channels. At the
top and at the bottom of each series of pipes a tap is fixed, in order that the
flow of water, introduced at the top for cleaning them out, may be regulated
and shut off from that scries which is not being cleaned out. The removal
of the caps (d) (see Fig. 3) from the end of the upper pipe of that series
through which the water is flowing, affords the necessary access to it, and by
the introduction and use of the proper instrument for the purpose, it is
cleaned. The cap is then replaced, and the next length of pipe in the series
downwards cleaned in the same manner, till the whole of the pipes are
cleaned, when they are again lowered into their former position, and ready
for use. The wort or liquor enters at (c), and passes off at (e). Its flow is
disturbed at each angle of the pipes, where the volume is broken up, and a
fresh combination formed, and by this means the cooling process is greatly
accelerated. The water enters at (f), and overflows at (g), but it can be
withdrawn altogether at the lowest point.
I have represented the apparatus as forming a square, but my Invention
applies to all polygonal combinations.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is or may be carried into effect, I wish it to be
understood that what I claim and desire to have secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the mode of cooling worts or

page_text: other liquids by passing the same through series of pipes formed with angles,
and suspended and made accessible to afford facilities for cleaning, substantially
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Moore, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
T. F. CASHIN.
THOMAS MOORE. (L.S.)