Process for the Production of Divisional Products of Halogen-albumen by means of Alkalies.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Process for the Production of Divisional Products of Halogen-albumen
by means of Alkalies.
I, DR. FERDINAND BLUM, of 35, Niedenau, Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the
Empire of Germany, Physician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
On allowing iodine, bromine, or chlorine to act upon albumen (white of egg)
or albuminous substances (such for example as albuminose or propeptone, peptones,
albumenoids, ferments), there is produced, as is well known, on the one hand, iodide
of hydrogen, bromide of hydrogen, or hydrochloric acid respectively, and on the
other hand there is a substitution of the albumen molecule by the corresponding
halogen (German Patent No. 79,926). If this reaction is allowed to take place
in an aqueous solution a dense precipitate is produced, especially in the case of
albumen (white of egg). Now if alkali, for instance soda lye, be added to this
mixture, and the whole be heated, decomposition takes place gradually and new
substances are produced. Thus a small part is precipitated which is insoluble
in alkali, whilst the greater part of the substance which dissolved once on the
addition of the alkali, remains dissolved also after the division or splitting up. A
considerable part is precipitated from the solution when acidulation is effected
after the alkaline division. The precipitate consists of several components which
can be separated from one another by means of alcohol.
I shall now proceed to describe an alkaline division or splitting up of this
kind.
To a solution of, say, for instance protogene (see Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für
physiologische Chemie, 1896, Vol. XXII. Part 2.) in water, as much iodine in the
form of an alcoholic solution or of an aqueous solution of iodine in iodide of
potassium, is added until the protogene solution when heated once to 90°-100° C.
does not take up any more iodine. For this purpose about 120 grammes of iodine
to 1 kg. of protogene (ovo-protogene) will be required. Soda lye is then added
to the yellowish mixture which is rendered opaque by a precipitate, so that about
5% to 10% of Na OH is present in the mixture. The precipitate dissolves at
once and the liquid assumes a brownish colour. The whole is then heated for
several hours, or it may be under pressure for a shorter period, and is then allowed
to cool. A dark precipitate is then deposited which is insoluble in lye, slightly
soluble in water and alcohol, moist, readily soluble in acids, especially when
heated. This deposit can be purified by washing in water and alcohol.
The filtrate of the deposit produces when acidified, a yellowish-brown substance
which after being purified with water in which it is very slightly soluble, is intro-
DO11

page_text: duced into alcohol. The alcohol especially when heated, takes up a part of the
mass and assumes a brownish colour. The residue consists of a dark brown mass
which is soluble in alkali and which can be dried without alteration in the
exsiccator." It contains iodine and has the properties of an acid.
66
The portion which is soluble in alcohol is obtained by expelling the alcohol
specially in a vacuum and it consists of an acid in the form of a powder containing
iodine and having a somewhat bitter taste.
The process for producing "bromine-protogene "-divisional products by means
of alkali, is analogous to the above described process with the sole modification
that the protogene takes up, up to 25%, and more of bromine instead of 12%
In chlorinating, chlorine is passed into the protogene solution until an odour of
chlorine can just be noticed. Then the alkaline division takes place.
Other albumens, albuminates (sodium chloride) albuminoses, peptones, gelatine,
and
others behave like protogene.
many
The alkaline divisional products are intended to be used for medicinal-therapeu-
tical purposes; they have properties which have been possessed up till now only.
by the substance of the scutiform gland (thyroid gland). They are more active
than the non-divisional products and can be administered either as a free acid or
as readily soluble salts in the form of powder. The acids of the iodine and
bromine products are yellowish brown powders; those of the chlorine products
are light yellow powders. The latter are valuable in diseases of the stomach.
The silver and baryta salts are insoluble. The potassium and sodium salts are
soluble.
All these products consist of halogen-containing acids in which the halogen
exists in a state of fixed substitution, and which has about ten times the activity
or effect of the un-divided product.
i
Pauct
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.
Process for the Production of Divisional Products of Halogen-albumen
by means of Alkalies.
I, DR. FERDINAND BLUM, of 35, Niedenau, Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the
Empire of Germany, Physician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
On allowing iodine, bromine, or chlorine to act upon albumen (white of egg)
or albumiinous substances (such for example as albuminose or propeptone, peptones,
on the one hand iodide
albumenoids, ferments), there is produced
of hydrogen, bromide of hydrogen, or hydrochloric acid respectively, and on the
other hand there is a substitution of the albumen molecule by the corresponding
halogen (German Patent No. 79,926). If this reaction is allowed to take place
in an aqueous solution a dense precipitate is produced, especially in the case of
albumen (white of egg). Now if alkali, for instance soda lye, be added to this
mixture and the whole be heated, decomposition takes place gradually and new
substances are produced. Thus a small part is precipitated which is insoluble

page_text: in alkali whilst the greater part of the substance which dissolved once on the
addition of the alkali remains dissolved also after the division or splitting up. A
considerable part is precipitated from the solution when acidulation is effected
after the alkaline division. The precipitate consists of several components which
can be separated from one another by means of alcohol.
I shall now proceed to describe an alkaline division or splitting up of this
kind.
To a solution of, say, for instance, protogene (see Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur
Physiologische Chemie, 1896, Vol. XXII. Part 2.) in water, as much iodine in the
form of an alcoholic solution or of an aqueous solution of iodine in iodide of
potassium, is added until the protogene solution when heated once to 90°-100° C.
does not take up any more iodine. For this purpose about 120 grammes of iodine
to 1 kg. of protogene (ovo-protogene) will be required. Soda lye is then added
to the yellowish mixture which is rendered opaque by a precipitate so that about
5% to 10% of Na OH is present in the mixture. The precipitate dissolves at
once and the liquid assumes a brownish colour. The whole is then heated for
several hours, or it may be under pressure for a shorter period, and is then allowed
to cool. A dark precipitate is then deposited which is insoluble in lye, slightly
soluble in water and alcohol, and which while still moist is readily soluble in
acids, especially when heated. This deposit can be purified by washing in water
and alcohol.
The filtrate of the deposit produces when acidified, a yellowish-brown substance
which after being purified with water in which it is very slightly soluble is intro-
duced into alcohol. The alcohol especially when heated, takes up a part of the
mass and assumes a brownish colour. The residue consists of a dark brown mass
which is soluble in alkali and which can be dried without alteration in the
exsiccator." It contains iodine and has the properties of an acid.
The portion which is soluble in alcohol is obtained by expelling the alcohol
specially in a vacuum and it consists of an acid in the form of a powder containing
iodine and having a somewhat bitter taste.
The process for producing "bromine-protogene "-divisional products by means
of alkali, is analogous to the above described process with the sole modification
that the protogene takes up, up to 25% and more of bromine instead of 12%.
In chlorinating, chlorine is passed into the protogene solution until an odour of
chlorine can just be noticed. Then the alkaline division takes place.
Other albumens, albuminates (casein-sodium) albuminoses, peptones, gelatine,
and many others behave like protogene.
The alkaline divisional products are intended to be used for medicinal-therapeu-
tical purposes; they have properties which have been possessed up till now only
by the substance of the scutiform gland (thyroid gland). They are more active
than the non-divisional products and can be administered either as a free acid or
as readily soluble salts in the form of powder. The acids of the iodine and
bromine products are yellowish-brown powders; those of the chlorine products
are light yellow powders. The latter are valuable in diseases of the stomach.
The silver and baryta salts are insoluble. The potassium and sodium salts are
soluble.
All these products consist of halogen-containing acids in which the halogen
exists in a state of fixed substitution and which has about ten times the activity
or effect of the un-divided product.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The process for the production of divisional products of the halogen albumens
by heating with alkali, which consists in dividing or splitting up in the heat by
means of alkali, varieties of albumen or albuminous substances having iodine,

page_text: bromine, or chlorine substituted therein and in separating or isolating th
divisional products as far as possible.
2. The products produced according to the process specified in Claim 1.
Dated this 19th day of February 1898.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.