matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED STEAM EXHAUSTER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Christopher Ashton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th June 1874.
I, JAMES CHRISTOPHER ASHTON, of Darwen, in the County of Lan-
caster, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED STEAM EXHAUSTER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of what is commonly called
or known as a "fan," so constructed and fitted as to be used for
exhausting gases or impure air or steam from any building, and the
mode of applying it over the size box and cylinders of "tape machines,"
'paper machines," or from any machine or process discharging the
same into the atmosphere. To effect such I place over the "cylinders,"
"boxes," or where the process is carried on, a bell-mouthed or other
convenient shaped "collector" connected to the "fan" mouth by a tube
or equivalent, the outlet of which is carried to the outside of the building
by similar means. The "fan" is driven from any convenient shaft in
the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Allix at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1874.
I, GEORGE ALLIX, of Church Terrace, Isle of Dogs, in the County of
Middlesex, Shipwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to improvements in rotary engines, and consists
in arranging two or more sliding plates within separate casings, the
plates being pushed out into a fixed cylinder to act as pistons for the
steam or air to act against. The cylinder has one or more inclined ribs
within the race of the piston plates to lift the plates in succession over
a fixed stop piece to enable the steam or air always to act against the
same sides of the plates to force them, and also the casings in which they
slide, round.
I enclose the rotating casings in a barrel, preferably attached to the
fixed cylinder, the barrel serving to maintain the casings central with the
cylinder. The shaft on which the casings are affixed projects from the
cylinder end and also from the barrel end, so that mechanism can be
driven from either or from both ends as desired.

page_text: For some purposes I arrange the cylinder in the centre between two
barrels, and I fit separate sets of plates in casings. with springs or their
equivalents to force the plates out into contact with a base plate of the
cylinder.
The side walls of the sliding plates and the walls of the cylinder are 5
tapered, the plates being so arranged to permit of constant steam-tight
contact, notwithstanding the wear of the two bodies. By this means I
dispense with packing, but packing can be employed instead of or in
conjunction with the tapers.
If my improved rotary engine has to be reversed, such as when 1
employed for moving vessels, I fit a double inclined rib upon the inner
face of the fixed cylinder for the piston plates to ride up and down upon
or against.
Improve- MENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clarke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1874.
I, JOHN CLARKE, of Heaton Norris, Stockport, in the County of
Ohester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Improve-
MENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to what are known as continuous railway
breaks, and consists of the following combination and arrangement of
mechanism -On any convenient number of axles in the train I mount
a grooved friction disc or pulley, which is pressed against by break
blocks attached to jointed plates or a chain, which chain is secured at
one end to any convenient fixed point, then passes over the friction disc
or pulley, whilst the other end is hauled or drawn tight either by the
action of a lever or levers, or by the aid of a pulley on a transverse shaft.
This shaft extends partially across the carriages, and carries at one end a
mitre or bevel wheel, which gears into a corresponding wheel mounted
on another shaft placed lengthwise to the carriage.

page_text: Various well known arrangements may be employed for coupling
together the several longitudinal shafts when making up the train, so
that each break on some or all of the carriages in the train may be
actuated by the rotation of the continuous shafting. The said shafting
may be rotated either by the guard alone or by the aid of steam or other 5
power in conjunction or not with manual power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF FINISHING STARCH, AND IN THE FINISHING OF DYED WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Elisha Farrant at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th May 1874.
I, RICHARD ELISHA FARRANT, of Tulse Hill, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OF FINISHING STARCH, AND IN THE FINISHING OF DYED
WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the preparation of colored finishing starch
and the employment of the same in finishing dyed fabrics.
Heretofore in finishing woven fabrics it has been usual to employ
white starch or finish for finishing colored fabrics, the result being that
the appearance of the fabric is impaired. *
Now by my Invention I provide a finishing starch of the same tint as
that with which the fabric is dyed, whereby the fabric is finished without
suffering any diminution of the original brilliancy or depth. of color.
Morcover for blacks and very deep colors unbleached starch colored as
hereafter described may be used, whereby the expense of bleaching the
starch is avoided.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I employ one or other of the aniline
colors in combination with the starch or finish, according to the color of
the fabric to be finished.
13
In order that the coloring matter may be equally diffused through the
whole mass of the starch in use by the finisher it is necessary to add it
first to a small quantity of starch in the following manner:-The aniline
color is reduced in a mortar or otherwise to an impalpable powder, and
dissolved in hot water. This solution is allowed to cool, and is then
added to a sufficient quantity of the starch, which is dried in a stove and
reduced to powder. This forms what I term a concentrated coloring
starch, which is then added in a sufficient quantity to the finishing
starch to produce the desired depth of color to match the fabric to which
the finish is to be applied.
As both the coloring starch and finishing starch are in a dry powdered"
state it is easy by passing them together through a sieve or otherwise to
ensure the equal diffusio
of the coloring matter through the mass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS DESIGNED FOR FUEL OR THE PRODUCTION OF QUICKLIME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by The Reverend Granville
Hamilton. Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 21st September 1874.
I, The Reverend GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, Rector of Broughton,
in the County of Northampton, Clerk in Holy Orders, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS
DESIGNED FOR FUEL OR THE PRODUCTION OF QUICKLIME," to be as follows:
:-
My said Invention is an improvement upon the Invention for which
Letters Patent, No. 800, dated March 4th, A.D. 1874, were granted
to me.
According to one part of my said former Invention I combine chalk
with a mixture of common salt (chloride of sodium) and saltpetre
(nitrate of potash) or nitrate of soda, with or without tar, or similar
bituminous substance, for the purpose of making a fuel to be burnt
with coal or other fuel, the proportion of the saltpetre (or the nitrate
of soda) not exceeding ten per cent. by weight of the common salt.
According to my present Invention I increase the proportion of the
saltpetre (or the nitrate of soda) employed with the common salt; I use

page_text: any proportion above ten per cent. of either of the before-named salts of
potash or soda.
I further improve upon my said former Invention by sometimes using
a solution of nitrate of potash (or nitrate of soda) of any degree of
strength instead of a solution of common salt, and either of the above-
named salts in compounds designed for fuel.
According to another part of my said former Invention I employ a
compound of chalk and common salt and saltpetre (or nitrate of soda).
or common soda, for the production of a lime suitable for the purifica-
tion of gas.
According to my present Invention I employ the said compound as
well as that to which the present improvements relate for the production
of quicklime.
In carrying out my present Invention I proceed in the manner fully
described in the Specification of the said Letters Patent, No. 800, 1
March 4th, A.D. 1874.
IMPROVENENTS IN FIXING AND SECURING RUDDERS TO THE STERNS OF ROWING OR SAILING BOATS AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HINGES AND BUTTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred James Little at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
October 1874.
I, ALFRED JAMES LITTLE, of Campden Hill Gardens, Kensington, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVENENTS IN FIXING AND SECURING RUDDERS TO
THE STERNS OF ROWING OR SAILING BOATS AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HINGES AND
BUTTS," to be as follows:-
The objects of the Invention are to afford more speedy, simple, and
improved means of shipping and unshipping the rudder, and to secure
the same in proper position when fixed. These objects are attained by
fixing a hollow metal tube to the stern of the boat by means of clips and
plates, the tube having a groove or slot on its outer surface from the top
to near the bottom, and two or more incisions cut from the outer surface
to near the back of the metal. A close fitting metal rod (fixed near to
the back of the rudder by means of two or more clips forming hinges) is
slid into the tube from top to bottom. The groove or slot in the tube
admits of the clips or hinges on the rod passing down the tube until they
reach their position in the incisions cut in the tube, and these incisions.

page_text: allow the hinges to swing back to the counterpart of the boat, and so
cause the rudder to work backwards and forwards.
To keep the rudder in position after the rod is fixed into the tube a
pin or slide is put through the tube above the top of the rod.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN UNLOADING BULK CARGO PROM SHIPS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Poulsom at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
January 1874.
I, WILLIAM POULSOм, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Stevedore, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN UNLOADING BULK CARGO
PROM SHIPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention, which has for its object to facilitate the discharge of
bulk cargo such as grain, salt, small coal, and the like from ships' holds,
consists essentially of portable endless travelling bands or chains of
buckets for lifting the cargo from the hold and delivering it over the
ship's side. The said travelling endless bands or chains of buckets are
actuated by the ship's winch.
In carrying my Invention into practice I provide a framework
wherein shafts fitted with pullies are supported on bearings. The said
framework is placed over alongside or attached to the hatchway through
which the cargo is to be discharged, and its legs or standards are con-
structed to act telescopically or by fitting pieces so that they can be

page_text: elongated or shortened at will to adjust the buckets to the required
height, or the bands or chains of buckets may be lengthened or
shortened.
On the shafts above mentioned are three pullies, one to receive motion
through a strap or chain from the ship's winch or deck engine, a second
to operate the endless band or chain of buckets led into the hold, and a
third to operate a delivery band, whereon the elevated grain is conveyed
over the ship's side on to the quay, into a warehouse, or elsewhere as may
be desired. The cargo elevated by the buckets from the hold is delivered
into a shoot or otherwise on to the endless side carrying band. The last-
named endless band is led over a series of carrying pullies supported on
portable framework telescopically adjustable as regards height. With
the exception of the ship's winch, all the above described appliances are
portable, and are in nowise connected with ships' rigging or gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND Apparatus for ScuDDING, FLESHING, SHAVING, SCOURING, STRIKING OUT, GROUNDING, AND REMOVING THE WOOL OR HAIR FROM SKINS OR HIDES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
November 1874.
I, CHARLES TURNER, of Lenton, in the County of Nottingham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND Apparatus for ScuDDING, FLESHING, SHAVING, SCOURING, STRIKING
OUT, GROUNDING, AND REMOVING THE WOOL OR HAIR FROM SKINS OR HIDES," to
be as follows:-
My improved machinery and apparatus consists of a framing which
supports a cylinder upon which the goods to be operated upon are
placed; above the cylinder are three or more rollers or axles, each of
which carry helically coiled scrapers, rubbers, or sweepers, in con-
junction with helically coiled brushes; the scrapers, rubbers, or sweepers
may be made of india-rubber or of a cement of emery, glue, and shellac,
in conjunction with leather or other suitable substance; one or more of
the three or more axles are arranged so as to be readily adjustable to or
from the cylinder, or other surface upon which the goods are placed,

page_text: The cylinder I sometimes cover with india-rubber, or other elastic
substance, or with a creeper or endless band, either flat, inclined, or
circular, covered with india-rubber or other elastic substance; motion is
communicated to the axles or rollers and endless band, which is sup-
ported by one or more rollers in addition to the cylinder, by means of 5
belts from any prime mover, or by suitable gearing. The creeper or
endless belt is adjusted by spiral or other springs.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR THE ECONOMIZING OF FUEL TO BE USED AS A LINING FOR GRATES, STOVES, FURNACES, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Batstone and Clement -
Batstone at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th February 1874.
We, WILLIAM BATSTONE, 19, Walter Street, South Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, CLEMENT BATSTONE, 19, Walter Street, South
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR THE ECONOMIZING OF FUEL
TO BE USED AS A LINING FOR GRATES, STOVES, FURNACES, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
--
Our improved compound for economizing of fuel to be used as a lining
for grates, stoves, furnaces, and similar purposes, to be used as follows:-
60 parts fire-clay, 10 parts Dorsetshire white clay, 15 parts vegetable
charcoal, 10 parts coke, 3 parts coal, and 2 parts cement."
The following are the advantages of the above composition:-
First. That the charcoal, coal, and coke, which are ignitable sub-
stances become ignited by a small fire, but by being incorporated with
the clays they cannot evaporate and the whole body is made red hot,
thus a uniform form heat is maintained with half the usual quantity of
fuel,

page_text: Second. That by the compound being made into a paste with water it
will fit all grates, stoves, or furnces, which is an improvement on every
other article used for similar purposes.
Third. That a fire can be ignited at once without injury to the
compound and without waiting until it is dry, as is the case with all t
articles sold as fire-clays.
Fourth. That the clays being incorporated with the charcoal, coal, and
coke, the said charcoal, coal, and coke, burns they clay hard, which
makes the clays indistructable; thus a double advantage is gained that
the lining is burned without being burnt in a kiln, thereby much trouble 1
and expense is saved by the fact that the compound will fit all grates,
stoves, and furnaces, and can be applied or fixed by any person.
Fifth. That the greater the heat the compound is subject to the better
the lining.
Sixth. That no injury can be done to the compound by poking the 1
fire, as it will take a chisel and hammer to remove it.
Seventh. That the charcoal, coal, and coke will take a long time to
burn out, and when burned out leaves the clays and the cement like a
sponge, which will form heat chambers with the same advantages as
when the charcoal, coal, and coke, were in.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING OR TREATING STRAW, JUTE, AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER OR PAPER PULP
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1874. A communication from abroad by Ernest Nousse, of 17,
Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
-
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City
of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING OR TREATING STRAW, JUTE, AND
OTHER MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER OR PAPER PULP," communi-
cated to me from abroad by Ernest Nousse, of 17, Boulevart Saint
Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
Hitherto in preparing or treating straw, jute, or other materials for
the manufacture of paper or paper pulp these materials have been
washed, cleansed, or lixiviated with or subjected to the action of salts of
soda, which form with the organic salts of the material soluble salts
which are carried off by subsequent washing, so as to leave the
"cellulose "free for the production of paper pulp.
Now the object of this Invention is to obtain a like effect by the
employment of agents cheaper than salts of soda, so as to render the

page_text: process of manufacturing paper more economical than heretofore. For
this purpose, according to this Invention, lime is used instead of salts of
soda for lixiviating, lye washing, or treating the straw, jute, or other
material used for the manufacture of paper pulp, and the insoluble salts
thus formed are afterwards rendered soluble by treating the material
with chlorhydric or hydrochloric acid. The salts thus rendered soluble
are carried off or expelled by washing. The cellulose is thereby freed
and adapted for employment in the manufacture of paper or paper
pulp.
AN IMPROVED WIND AND RAIN IMPERVIOUS DOOR PLINTH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George and Henry Agar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
23rd February 1874.
We, GEORGE and HENRY AGAR, of 3, Flowergate, Whitby, in the
County of Yorkshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED WIND AND RAIN IMPERVIOUS DOOR PLINTH," to be as
follows:-
The feature of novelty or utility of our Invention is to effectually
prevent draught and rain penetrating from under the door when shut,
and on opening to allow the door to travel over the carpet, canvass, or
door mat. To effect this purpose we procure a piece of wood (mahogany
or otherwise) about 5 inches deep, 1 inch thick and length (the width of
door). We call this "the skirt board or plinth;" we round or groove the
top front edge to give the apperance of lightness on the reverse side;
towards the bottom we cut a recess the whole length about 3 inches
wide, and 3, of an inch deep; in this recess we place a slide which we
call the "impervious draught slide" made of wood or galvanized india-
rubber of about 2 inches wide, and an inch thick. To hold the same in
its proper place in the recess we have 3 or 4 narrow metal plates or

page_text: hinges about 3%, inches long, having orifice at each end with countersink
for screw head. On the plinth above the recess we cut on an angle 3 or
4 grooves wider at the end; in these grooves we place a plat or hing, one
end of which we screw slightly to the side of slide, the other end in the
groove; we also cut on the skirt board or plinth in a contrary angle 3 or
more grooves; in these we fix a spiral spring; the lower end we make fast
to the slide near to screw head of the plate or hinge, the other to the top
of the groove. The grooves to receive the spiral springs to be in an angle
with the door's hinge. We now fix the skirt board or plinth (the bottom
of which must not come below the door when fixed to the side of the
door), by means of screws from the front of the skirt board or plinth.
The door being opened the spiral springs draws the slide up on an angle
into the recess, and by so doing the end of the slide (which if made of
wood should have an india-rubber cushion attached), projects beyond the
skirt board or plinth towards the post the door is hung on. The slide
now being in the recess allows the door to pass over the carpet, canvass,
or door mat. On closing the door the india-rubber end of the slide comes
in contact with the said door post, and causes the slide to fall on the
angle downwards, and exactly fills up the space at bottom of the door,
whereby effectually prevents all draughts. Should the space or aperture
between the bottom of the door be wider at one end, then the bottom of
the "impervious draught slide" must be made to suit or correspond with
the slope of the floor or doorstep before fixing it into the recess of the
skirt board or plinth.
AN IMPROVED LEAD OR TYPE METAL STEREOTYPE BLOCK FOR MOUNTING AND FASTENING STEREOTYPE AND OTHER SIMILAR PLATES ON
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mason at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1874.
I, THOMAS MASON, Type Mould Maker, of No. 14, Cross Street,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LEAD OR TYPE METAL STEREOTYPE
BLOCK FOR MOUNTING AND FASTENING STEREOTYPE AND OTHER SIMILAR PLATES ON,"
to be as follows:-
Previous to casting the present well-known lead or type metal stereo-
type block I insert in the mould an iron or other hard metal plate, the
full size or less in width and length than the block to be cast, as shown
in the annexed Drawings 4 & 4', forming part of my Provisional
Specification.
The plate may be plain or perforated with holes or slots, as in
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 1¹, 2¹, 3¹. The holes may be tapped, and on the
under side of the plate pins or studs are fixed, and it is also prepared for
soldering. I then pour the molten lead or metal into the mould, by

page_text: which the pins and studs are imbeded and fixed, and the iron plate
soldered to the casting at the same time.
The plate could also be imbeded by the same process, with holes cast
in the metal block to match the holes in the imbeded iron plate, but I
prefer the iron plate on the surface of the block. I thus obtain a sound
and solid lead or other like metal stereotype block with an iron surface,
as also shown in the Drawings.
The block cast with the iron plate less in length and width has a slot
runing all round the top edge or rim immediately under the iron plate,
and leaving it clear, as in Figures 4 & 4¹, so that when two or more
blocks are placed sideways or endways together a 1 shaped opening is
formed on the surface, on which stereotype and other similar plates can
be fixed in the usual way, or by screws & catches acting in the holes or
slots.
The use of iron in making lead stereotype blocks also renders them
more durable and useful, and the layer of iron or other hard metal on
the top preserves the surface flat against the action of the fastening
screws, nuts, and catches used in fixing the plates.
AN IMPROVED COTTON BALE TIE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1874.-A communication from abroad by Samuel P.
Parmly and John Hughes, both of New Orleans, Louisiana, United
States of America.
"
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COTTON BALE TIE," a com-
munication, to be as follows:-
-
The nature of this Invention consists in the novel shape and con-
struction of a cleat with a curved end or point to press against the lower
side of the band and hold or lock it firmly. The band that surrounds
the bale of cotton is made of hoop iron, and has several oblong apertures
near the one end of the band, into which the said cleat or fastening is
inserted and locks. This cleat or fastening is rivetted near one end of
the said band and is of an oblong shape with one end curved or bent

page_text: downward; this end forms a hook and is arranged to press against the
lower side of the hoop iron band. The said cleat is also formed with
steps or shoulders,, which in combination with the said look hold the said
band and lock it firmly after the aperture of the band has been passed
over the cleat.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH AND IN RECIPROCATING HYDRAULIC MOTIVE- POWER ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edgar Lea at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1874.
I, WILLIAM EDGAR LEA, of Runcorn, in the County of Chester,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH AND IN RECIPROCATING HYDRAULIC MOTIVE-
POWER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a reciprocating hydraulic
engine possessing the following advantages:-
(1.) Absence (practically) of concussion and strain caused by the
sudden reversal of the direction of motion of the actuating liquid at each
end of the stroke.
(2.) The valves and working parts are easy of access and little liable
to get out of order.
As means for reducing strain and concussion I force or admit air into
the liquid supply pipe or alternately into opposite ends of the cylinder.
For this purpose I by preference use a pump worked from any con-

page_text: venient moving part of the engine, and force air thereby into a chamber
connected into the water supply pipe.
mix with the actuating liquid before
cushion whilst the work is being done.
In this manner air is caused to
doing its work and serves as a
As means for providing that the valves and working parts shall be easy 5
of access and little liable to get out of order I attach to the slide valve,
which controls the direction of motion of the actuating fluid, a rod
having a piston secured at each end, the whole being contained in a
small cylinder alongside the main cylinder.
Motion is given to the said slide valve through the pressure of the 1
actuating fluid on the pistons above described, the said pressure is
controlled and operated by a tappet valve at each end of the main
cylinder. The said tappet valves are operated by the main piston at each
end of the stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR REDUCING MEAT INTO SMALL PORTIONS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rusby Kayo at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th January 1874.
I, GEORGE RUSBY KAYE, of Belgrave Gate, Leicester, in the County
of Leicester, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR REDUCING MEAT
INTO SMALL PORTIONS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to simplify the process of cutting or
reducing meat into small portions without crushing or pulverizing it, so
as to facilitate the use of such meat for various purposes, such as in the
manufacture of pork pies, sausages, or for mincing. For this purpose
the meat having been as is usual cut into somewhat small portions is
fed by a hopper or guide to between pairs of circular cutters applied to
axes in pairs so that the cutters of one axis may overlap those of the
other. The extent of overlapping and the distance apart of the respective
pairs of cutters on the axes will depend on the extent of reduction
required, or the use to which the meat when cut is to be applied.

page_text: Several of such pairs of axes may be applied in order to the meat
being operated upon by them in succession, or the meat may be repassed
between the cutters of one or more pairs, as desired. The respective
axes are geared together, so that motion imparted to one by hand or
power will be simultaneously communicated to the other or others, and
at various relative surface speeds, as desired.
Each set of cutters is provided with fixed combs or clearers to clear
them of the cut meat after cutting.
The cutting edges of the respective cutters are bevelled or inclined on
one side only, with the cutting edge of one to that of the other of each
pair.
I also apply other rollers with teeth on their surfaces, such rollers
being capable of being brought into use, when desired, to act on the
meat after it has been cut by the cutters, to further reduce the meat or
break the grain of it.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN Air and Gas Engines
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Butterworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
May 1874.
I, EDWIN BUTTERWORTH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN Air and Gas Engines,” to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to the air and gas engines for which
Letters Patent were granted to Charles Denton Abel on the 12th
February 1866, No. 434. It is found in the use of these engines when
the engines are heavily loaded that the cylinder and exhaust valve
and adjacent pipes become so hot that the engine ceases to work to
advantage.
The ordinary means of cooling by means of water from a cistern
connected by means of pipes at the top and bottom of the cylinder
jacket are quite insufficient. Now my Invention consists in preventing
this defect by forcing the water from a large cistern through the jacket

page_text: or chamber surrounding the cylinder and through a jacket applied to
the exhaust valve with its pipes, by means of a suitable force pump or
paddle driven by the gas engine or otherwise, and thus I obtain
sufficient circulation of cold water to keep the cylinder and exhaust
valve and pipes connected therewith thoroughly cool.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR CUTTING OR SLICING FRUIT, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER MATERIALS CAPABLE OF BEING SO TREATED
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kent at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1874. Partly a communication from abroad by J. Adams, of Soleure,
Switzerland.
I, GEORGE KENT, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR CUTTING OR SLICING FRUIT, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER
MATERIALS CAPABLE OF BEING SO TREATED," partly a communication, to be as
follows:-
The said Invention relates to a simple, convenient, and efficient
machine for cutting fruit and vegetables of all kinds, and other
substances or materials capable of being so treated, into slices or pieces
of uniform thickness. The said machine may be advantageously employed
not only for domestic use for slicing apples, potatoes, cucumbers, and
other fruit or vegetables for daily consumption, but also by manu-
facturers of preserved fruits and vegetables and others who require a
strong and durable machine, capable of slicing large quantities of various
materials rapidly and economically.

page_text: If desired instead of constructing the said machine with a feed table
or shelf as above described, I may place over the revolving series of
knives or blades a hopper of suitable form and size to receive the fruit
or other materials to be sliced, and present them properly to the edges of
the said knives, while the same are operated as above described. Or I
may use both a hopper and feed shelf combined.
A ROTARY WEB PERFECTING PRINTING MACHINE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Donnison and Francis
Horatio Donnison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th September 1874.
We, FRANCIS DONNISON and FRANCIS HORATIO DONNISON, Engineers,
both of Newcastle on Tyne, in the County of the same Town, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A ROTARY WEB PERFECTING
PRINTING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the arrangement
and combination of parts whereby the machine is made very simple,
strong, and compact, and every part easily accessible for adjustment,
removal, or repair, and for distinction from all other machines will here-
after be known as the "Northumbrian."
The Invention will be most easily understood by reference to the
annexed Drawing.
Two rectangular frames A are secured together by suitable cross pieces;
B, B', are cylinders on which the steriotype plates are secured; C, C¹,
are adjustable impression cylinders; D is a cylinder in which the
perforated cutting knife is secured which acts against the impression

page_text: cylinder C¹; G is a trough for holding the ink in which the cylinder E³
revolves, the ink being regulated by the knife O; on this cylinder roller
F3 works, and by the action of the eccentric P is made to transfer ink to
the cylinder E², which also supplies the cylinder E through the
composition rollers F, which by a lateral movement also distributes the
ink, from hence the ink is supplied by means of two composition rollers
F', F', which worked by the eccentric P alternately are in contact and
transmit the ink to the cylinders E, E, from which the steriotype
is supplied by means of the form rollers F, F, and F, F. H is a
continuous roll of paper resting on the impression cylinder C and
roller Q, the paper is conducted over the impression cylinder C between
it and the steriotype B, and receives its first impression, then goes round
the roller Q, and by suitable rollers is led to the impression cylinder C¹
between it and the steriotype B' and cutting cylinder D, thus receiving
its second impression and perforation, it is then delivered between the
small rollers I, I, which are furnished with tapes and sent alternately
through the rollers K, K, and K', K, (the switch being worked by an
eccentric) the tapes then conduct the papers until over the tables N or N³,
when they are laid down by the flyers M or M'. These tables may be
arranged to move a short distance either laterally or horizontally, after
say cach ten or a dozen papers are laid, thus shewing a distinction and
saving counting.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPLIANCE FOR FOLDING AND PRESSING TRIMMINGS, BINDINGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
September 1874.-A communication from abroad by the Ham-
burg American Sewing Machine Company, Limited, late Pollack,
Schmidt, and Company, Hamburg, Germany.
I, PETER JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPLIANCE FOR FOLDING AND PRESSING TRIMMINGS,
BINDINGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF TEXTILE FABRICS," (a communication
to me from abroad by the Hamburg American Sewing Machine
Company, Limited, late Pollack, Schmidt, and Company, Hamburg,
Germany), to be as follows:
―:
The object of this Invention is to supersede the present method of
folding and pressing (or in some cases pressing alone), trimmings,
bindings as used for ladies' under clothing and other articles by hand,
and to save time and labor while securing accuracy and uniformity of
width.

page_text: ! The machine or appliance constructed according to this Invention
consists of a pair of rollers, by preference made of cast iron or other
suitable hard substance; these rollers are pressed one against the other
by springs or weights, or both, but by preference by a spiral spring on
each side or bearing, each spring being attached to a pin on the frame by
means of a bar having corresponding pin holes. By shifting from one
pin hole to the other the tension of the springs is altered as required, or
springs of different strength may be attached as required, or the pressure
with which the rollers are pressed against one another can be regulated
by other well known mechanical equivalents.
When the machine is used for silken or woollen goods, a spirit lamp
is placed under the lower roller in order to keep it hot, or one or both
rollers may be made hollow to receive a heating appliance such as a hot
bolt in a manner similar to "box irons."
One of the rollers has a handle for giving rotary motion to them, or if
used as a sewing machine attachment motion can be communicated
from the sewing machine.
The rollers are arranged in a frame which can be clamped on to a
table or other convenient object; the frame has a rib or bracket for
attaching the folder to it, through which folder the strip of material
is to be passed in order to be folded. The folder may be of usual
construction; it has by preference a tapering conducting tube; the strip
.of material is cut taper at the entering end, and after passing through
the folder where it is folded, passes through the rollers where it is
pressed.
:
Three or more folders of different size may be supplied and adapted
for each machine.
The attaching plate of the folder is by preference made with a notch
which slips over a thumbscrew in the aforesaid bracket on the frame,
and with two holes corresponding with two pins on the said bracket. By
tightening up the thumbscrew the folder is fastened to the bracket ready
for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
April 1874.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of Cassland Crescent, South Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in the adaptation and application of levers
and cranks to the framework of railway carriages, arranged in such a
manner as either to push the brake blocks against the inside of the
wheels or to pull or push the brake blocks against the tread of the
wheels. The brake blocks I make to clip the flange of the wheels to
keep the blocks in their place when pressing against the wheels. These
levers or cranks are fixed out of line with each other, and the tightening
of a cord or chain which is passed through or under them tends to bring
them into line and puts on the breaks. Also the application of a friction
plate or shoe to breaks, making it fret on the rail and useing the friction

page_text: thus created to press the brakes against the wheels when two or more
carriages are coupled together. I couple the chain or cord of the brake
with a C link formed with a stop to prevent it coming uncoupled. The
brake blocks are suspended in front of the wheels, and I prefer not to
connect them to the levers which press them against the wheels.
AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR HOEING, PATH CUTTING, AND RAKING
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery
"
-
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of “AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR HOEING, PATH CUTTING, AND RAKING.”-
A communication from abroad Robert McKinley, of Hyde Park,
Dutchess County, and State of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 17th March 1874, and dated the 3rd February 1874.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 3rd February 1874, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.

page_text: it in position to disturb the earth to the proper depth. These levers F, G,
are provided with pins to engage holes in the plate g, so that the levers
may be secured in the desired positions.
The machine may be drawn or moved over the ground in any
desired manner. The hoe being lowered to the desired position cuts
and breaks up the soil, and the teeth of the roller or rake pulverize and
distribute the soil evenly. By placing the teeth i helically, the stones,
&c. may be carried to one side.
Having described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as new and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is, the hoe a and its rock shaft and links, in
combination with the rotating rake I, as and for the purpose set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four
Witness,
HENRY W. DEWEY,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
A. M. CLARK. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF GARMENTS, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS FROM WHICH SUCH GARMENTS ARE MADE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1874.
I, JAMES CLARK, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, India-
rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF GARMENTS, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF
MATERIALS FROM WHICH SUCH GARMENTS ARE MADE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce garments which although
for practical purposes are waterproof shall possess a ventilating property.
To accomplish this I propose to make certain parts only waterproof and
other parts of porous material, but to protect the latter from moisture
by a loose covering so that ventilation may take place. For instance, in
making an overcoat I form the upper or shoulder part of non-waterproof
material, and also a portion of the sleeves and the lower part of
waterproof material; but in order to protect the upper part I adopt a
loose waterproof cape so that ventilation may take place. The collar
however to which the cape is attached may be waterproof. To produce
garments of this description I take any of the fabrics now employed for
such purposes, but instead of "proofing" them over their entire surfaces

page_text: I perform that operation on a portion only thereof. For instance, I take
a piece of cloth and "proof" a broad band along it, and the required
shapes may thus be cut from it, which are partly waterproof and partly
porous; or the proofing material may be cut out first and adapted to the
cloth, after which the operation of proofing may be completed in the
ordinary manner. The cloth may of course, as is now the case, be
double.
According to another plan I nrake waterproof garments in the ordinary
manner, and form cyclet holes therein to afford ventilation, which holes
may be covered or not by a cape, as above mentioned, or by separate
waterproof flaps.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF COMBINING CHARGER AND HEATER' IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIRITS TO LESSEN THE CONSUMPTION OF COAL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL-SPECIFICATION left by Michael McFeely at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1874.
I, MICHAEL M°FEELY, of Claudy, County Londonderry, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF
COMBINING CHARGER AND HEATER' IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIRITS TO LESSEN
THE CONSUMPTION OF COAL," to be as follows:-
$6
The worm of the still passes through the interior of the "charger and
heater," in a circuitous manner, making a few revolutionary turns
therein, and from thence to the worm tub in the usual way. The
charger" and heater" must hold considerably more than the still
connected therewith in consequence of the displacement of liquor by
means of the worm being inserted therein, and the man-hole door thereof
is to be made perfectly steam tight.
From condensing the alcoholic vapours passed through the worm, the
temperature of the wash or low wines in the "charger and heater" is
increased to near the boiling point at the time the still has run off its
charge, and from which the still is to be recharged after the spent wash

page_text: has been drawn off the still by means of turning the charging cock that
is attached to the still at the bottom of the "charger and heater." The
worm enters near the bottom of the "charger and heater," so that the
heat may ascend and be regularly communicated through the interior of
the vessel in all directions. The "charger and heater" is then refilled
with cold wash or low wines, and this process is repeated until the end
of the distilling period.
The importance of this Invention must be self evident to any political
economist, as having the tendency of lessening the consumption of coal,
which threatens us at present as a national calamity from the enormous
advance in its price within the last few years, and distillers can save at
least fifty per cent. in that commodity by working in accordance with
this new system. The stills according to this improved principal can be
recharged with liquor nearly boiling instead of cold liquor as at present,
clearly shewing a vast saving in coal, as the worm of the stills according
to the present system of distillation passes immediately into the water
tank without heating the succeeding charge in any way whatever, the
charger and heater" is intended to remedy the defect, and is simply an
intermediate condenser between the stills and the water tank for the
purpose herein described.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND AXLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas West and Robert
Philpot Brookes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd June 1874.
We, THOMAS WEST and ROBERT PHILPOT BROOKES, both of Devon's
Road, Bromley-by-Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WHEELS AND AXLES," to be as follows:
Our improvement relates to the wheels and axles of every description
of vehicle for whatsoever purpose used, whether such vehicle be required
to run on a railway, tramway, or on an ordinary road or street.
The wheels and axles of all vehicles now in use are either (firstly), a
fixed axle having at each end a wheel which can revolve freely on the
axle; or else (secondly), the wheels are made fast at each end of the
axle, and both wheels and axle revolve together, the axle being carried
in journals or bearings.
In our improved system of wheels and axles the axle is made in two
half lengths, and the wheels are fixed fast on one end of each half
length, thus forming a pair of wheels and axle, the axle being in two

page_text: half lengths instead of in one piece as is now the case. These two
portions are carried in journals or bearings fixed in a straight line to the
vehicle or carriage, and as each wheel and the portion of axle to which
it is attached revolves separately from the other wheel and its portion of
axle, the sharpest curves can be turned with more facility than even with
a fixed axle and revolving wheel; whilst at the same time the bearing
surface being distributed along the whole length of the revolving axle,
much less friction and wear and tear is the result.
In the case of the smaller vehicles, such as trolleys for mines, quarries,
warehouses, and railway platform use, also sack barrows, or whenever
we consider it desirable we make the two portions of the axle revolve in
a continuous journal composed of tube or pipe in two halves, joined in
the centre by a collar or other means.