matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLUCOSE OR GRAPE SUGAR, AND IN OBTAINING INFUSIONS AND EXTRACTS FOR BREWING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Nathaniel Lessware at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th September 1875.
I, JOHN NATHANIEL LESSWARE, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of. the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLUCOSE OR GRAPE SUGAR, AND IN OBTAINING INFUSIONS
AND EXTRACTS FOR BREWING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
"
My Invention relates, firstly, to the production of glucose or grape
sugar by acting on rice or other grain or substance usually employed...
with a dilute acid and heat, and my Invention consists in the first
place in causing the said rice or other grain or substance;' and dilute
acid to circulate continuously through the converter, whereby the grain
and acid are more intimately commingled, and the process of conversion
into glucose or grape sugar is accelerated.
In carrying out my Invention I-prefer to construct the converter of a
hopper-like or conical form at the bottom or otherwise of a diminishing
size at that part, and to the lowest part I attach the suction pipe of a

page_text: centrifugal or other pump, the delivery pipe of which leads back into
the coverter at or near the upper part.
The rice or other grain or substance employed, together with the
proper quantity of water, may be contained in a closed receptacle or
charger placed above the converter, and the said material may be kept
in a state of agitation therein if required. Acid diluted with the proper
quantity of water having been supplied to the converter and raised to
the desired temperature by means of a steam coil communication is
opened between the bottom of the charger and the convertor, and also
if necessary with the upper part of the charger, either from the upper
part of the converter or from the steam coil, to equalize the pressuro
and allow the contents of the charger to flow at any required speed into
the converter.
The circulating pump is at same time put in motion and a continuous
circulation of the liquid and material is thereby maintained through the
converter pump and circulating pipes during the whole process of
conversion.
Instead of connecting the charger with the converter as above
mentioned, I may prefer to feed the charge into the converter through
the pump, and to this end I connect the pump and charger by a
second suction pipe, the object being to feed in and thoroughly mix the
charge under any pressure that may be employed, whether above or
below that of the atmosphere.
r
My Invention also relates to obtaining infusions or extracts, as for
instance, the mashing of malt in brewing or extracting colors for dyeing 2
purposes, the Invention consisting in the application of the method
above described of accelerating the operation by maintaining a con-
tinuous circulation of the matters under treatment, to the purposes
above mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BROOMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Boyden Cole at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th November 1875.
I, JOSEPH BOYDEN COLE, of Lutterworth, in the County of Leicester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BROOMS," to be as follows:-
Tapping or otherwise forming the boxes (the part holding the hairs) of
brooms with two holes at an angle one to the other, into either of
which a handle may be fixed, in lieu of forming one hole for the handle
placed more or less at right angles to the box as at present; also
shifting the handle of the improved box from one hole to the other
from time to time, and so causing a uniform wear of the hair or other
material composing the broom to take place, and thus cause it to last
longer than at present.
The improvements may be performed by making the holes in the box
at any convenient angle one to the other, and they may be tapped with
a thread made to correspond with one to be formed on the handle, or
the handle may be fixed by a spring or by other convenient method, so
that it can be easily changed from one hole to the other as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS OR GAUGES APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clifford Emett and Benjamin
Angel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th October 1875.
We, CLIFFORD EMETT and BENJAMIN ANGEL, both of the City and
County of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS OR GAUGES APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention which relates to improvements in such indicators or
gauges as are commonly employed in connexion with steam boilers and
other vessels containing liquids, has for its object to facilitate the
reading of the indicator whilst ascertaining the level or quantity of
water or other liquids contained within such boilers or vessels. In
situations where the water supplied to steam boilers is clear or colourless
difficulty pertains in ascertaining the level of water within the boiler
through the indicator, the glass tube of which is also a transparent body.
The Invention then consists in colouring the water within the indicator
tube by causing it to pass into a vessel containing concentrated colouring
matter. The vessel is attached to the indicator or gauge, and it is

page_text: provided with a valve or opening at its lower end through which the
water rises into the vessel when required so to do. When it is desired
to take the level of water in the boiler the upper or steam cock of the
indicator is closed, and steam is thereby shut off from the indicator.
The pressure of steam within the boiler then forces the water in the
indicator tube upwards, and through the valve or opening into the vessel
containing the colouring matter, part of which thus becomes mixed with
the water. The steam cock of the indicator is then again opened and
the coloured water in the indicator tube is by equalizing the pressure of
steam caused to sink to the level of the water in the boiler.
The improvements herein-before described, besides being applicable to
steam boilers, may also be used in gauging the contents of other vessels
containing clear liquids under pressure; and in lieu of causing the
pressure to force the water into the vessel containing the colouring
matter the said pressure may be made to force the colouring matter into
the liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOCKING DOORS OF RAILWAY VANS AND TRUCKS, GOODS, CARRIAGES, OR WAREHOUSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Sonnenthal at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1875.-A communication from abroad by Friedrich
Mueller, of Invaliden Strasse, Berlin, and Max Selig, of Carl
Strasse, Berlin.
I, GEORGE SONNENTHAL, of 108, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of
London, Machine Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the 'said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOCKING DOORS OF RAILWAY
VANS AND TRUCKS, GOODS, CARRIAGES, OR WAREHOUSES," to be as follows :—
This Invention of improvements in apparatus for locking railway vans
and trucks consists in a pair of oblong plates, the two ends connected
together when lying parallel by a double headed pin, the two plates
being free to turn round the pin as upon an axis, one end of one of the
plates is attached to the door frame of the carriage door to be secured
by a headed bolt, and the other end has a corresponding notch, so that
the two plates may be brought parallel, turning on the first described
pin. In this position the plates may be. secured together by a screw
passing through both plates.
For fastening the door to the frame the door carries a projecting pin
with a head, the plates being held open and vertically, and using the pin

page_text: on the door frame as a centre, are rotated in the direction of the
movement of the hands of a clock, and the left-hand plate has a notch
cut in its lower edge and allows the plate to enter upon the pin behind
the head till it is perfectly horizontal; the movement being continued,
the right plate now moves on the first named axis pin as a centre, and is
brought round till a corresponding notch (now having been turned
round) in its upper edge enters behind the first plate and upon the pin,
till both plates are parallel and lying side by side holding the door pin
enclosed. In this position the holding screw before named secures the
plates together. The outer plate carries a raised boss in which this
screw is held by a helical spring to prevent it working loose, and the
raised boss is made like the key guard of a lock for the entrance only of
the proper key to turn the screw; holes are made in the two plates either
to hold a plate of lead to be scaled or to pass a wire or string to be
secured by lead seals in the usual manner.
This catch can also be the means of keeping the door open a certain
distance by hooking it on the pin when the plates are both extended to
their full length, an important matter when more air is required as in
conveying live cattle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES MAINLY APPLICABLE FOR SHOWING OR EXHIBITING ARTICLES FOR SALE, AND IN COMPOSITIONS FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hickisson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
February 1875.
I, JAMES HICKISSON, of Southgate Road, Hackney, in the County of
Middlesex, Marking, Ink Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES MAINLY APPLICABLE
FOR SHOWING OR EXHIBITING ARTICLES FOR SALE, AND IN COMPOSITIONS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE THEREOF," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of economical strong
and convenient show cases, glazed show stands, and other receptacles,
especially applicable for exhibiting articles or wares for sale. For this
purpose I form frame stands, cases or sockets of plaster, plaster of Paris,
Portland or other cement, mastic, clay, or terra cotta, or a combination
of two or more of these. Or I form a composition of one, two, or more
of the above mentioned substances, and mix therewith cotton waste,
"fluff" flock, wool waste, paper pulp, sawdust, or other similar fibrous
matter. I combine them well together.

page_text: I mould, press, or otherwise form the material into the required shape
or configuration. This may be done by pulverizing the material and
working it with or without other non-pulverizable materials into a
plastic mass, then moulding it and firing it; or this may be otherwise
effected. I fix a slab or shade or dome, or otherwise shaped piece or
pieces of glass thereto, or I connect the glass therewith by strips of
paper, skin, or other connecting material; or the glass may be slidden
into or otherwise removably fitted to the moulded frame, stand, case,
or socket.
The material may be moulded in halves or sections connected together
by strips of paper, skin, parchment, or other like jointing material. The
same connections may be used at any weak part of the article.
The case, stand, frame, or socket may be stained, coloured, or other-
wise externally ornamented as desired, as for instance with metal
powders or marbling, or with moulded figures, inscriptions, or other
devices or designs. Or the case, receptacle, stand, or frame may be
formed of plain opal-coloured or other glass, the glass shade, lid, or other
required transparent exhibiting portion being formed therewith or fixed
or fitted thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Apparatus FOR STUFFING STOOLS, SUITABLE ALSO FOR PACKING OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Leproust and Jean Marie
Maxime Clair at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st May 1875.
We, LOUIS LEPROUST and JEAN MARIE MAXIME CLAIR, both of the
City of Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Apparatus FOR STUFFING STOOLS,
SUITABLE ALSO FOR PACKING OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The apparatus herein referred to is a press with double fly wheels, and
consisting of a frame of malleable iron resting on a base or table
mounted on feet or uprights at an elevation suitable for conducting the
operation readily and without fatigue.
In the centre of the cross head or beam of the frame is a screw guide
through which the pressing screw passes, and at the summit of which
latter is a fly wheel for directing its up-and-down movements, whilst at
its lower extremity is a pressing plate.
Within the frame of the press and on the pressing screw is a movable
cylinder with an internal hollow screw of the same thread as that of the
pressing screw on which it works; the upper portion of this cylinder is

page_text: furnished with a second fly wheel, the director of its movements, and at
its lower end is a rammer.
Guides are arranged on the frame to direct the course of the screw,
presser, and rammer, in the operation of stuffing the stool, the external
casing or cover of which latter is kept properly distended by aid of a 5
jointed cylindrical frame or mould, whose dimensions are capable of
regulation by means of a joint and external fastenings.
The case or envelope of the stool to be stuffed is placed at the bottom
of the mould, and when filled the mould is withdrawn by attaching a
chain which is fixed on each side of the cylinder to two hooks placed 1
above on the guides before mentioned, and on turning the inner fly
.wheel the mould is released, the stool then merely requires the bottom
covering with any suitable material. This press is suitable for packing
any other substance that may require such an operation.
AN IMPROVED MEMORANDUM PURSE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Bullen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1875.
I, GEORGE WIlliam Bullen, of Chaucer House, Herne Hill, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEMORANDUM PURSE," to be as follows:-
Instead of placing the pencil inside the purse in the usual manner I
fit it to the exterior of one of the expanding recesses of the bottom or
side in a sheath of such a construction that immediately on the purse
being opened the pencil liberates itself, and hangs suspended by a silken
or other cord in a convenient position for use. The desired payment
and memoranda having been made the purse is closed with the left
hand, and the pencil replaced in the sheath, from which it will not
move until the purse be again used.
The automatic delivery of the pencil is brought about by adopting a
sheath of the form of a split tube, the round part of which is fastened
to the exterior of one of the sides of an expanding recess. As long as

page_text: the purse is shut the pressure of the opposite side of the recess against
the pencil keeps it in its place. The act of opening frees it from this
pressure by expanding the recess, and the pencil falls downwards.
I sometimes retain the usual memorandum book inside the purse, but
I prefer to substitute a tablet of ivory, composition, or paper ruled with
money columns firmly secured inside the flap of the purse. It is more
casy to write on a tablet in this position, and the act is less likely to
cause money or other articles to fall out of the compartments, the purse
being held closed with the left hand.
I claim with this Invention to have made the labour of the habitual
note taker more easy, for both pencil and tablet are presented to his
hand by the mere opening of the purse, and at the same time to have
provided an efficient reminder to the forgetful who will have to replace
the pencil in its sheath after each payment, whether he note it
or not.
In the case of paper tablets a sufficient quantity is supplied with each
purse, and can be replenished at a nominal cost.
The special features of my Invention I hold to be the construction
and position of the sheath, the automatic delivery of the pencil, and the
position of the tablet inside the flap of the purse.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR SAVING LIFE FROM SHIPWRECK
Year: 1875

page_text: 2
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Clark Whyte at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1875.
I, ANDREW CLARK WHYTE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR SAVING LIFE FROM SHIPWRECK,”
to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention has for its object to save lives from shipwreck, and it
consists in a new or improved arrangement of apparatus or raft which is
so constructed as to be capable of being folded or rolled up when not in
use, and easily extended when it is required to employ the same.
The raft, which may be of any desired contour, preferably rounded or
tapered towards both ends, and provided at the stern end with a helm or
steering apparatus, is composed of any suitable waterproof and flexible
material, such for example as oil cloth, painted canvas, or india-rubber
sheeting, and it is divided into a number of chambers or cells radiating
from a point at or near the centre of the raft towards its sides and ends.
The chambers or cells each communicate with a central chamber or

page_text: 1
vessel containing compressed atmospheric air, gas, or other buoyant body,
and in the passages or orifices communicating between the said vessel
and the chambers or cells cocks or valves are placed to regulate and
properly distribute the supply of air or gas thereto. The chambers or
cells are separated from each other by air-tight partitions or divisions
extending throughout their entire lengths, so that in the event of an
escape or leak arising in one chamber or cell the buoyancy of the
chambers or cells adjoining it is not affected. In the direction of its
depth the raft or apparatus is also divided into two or more sections or
compartments by one or more horizontal partitions or diaphgrams.
At or near the centre of the raft a socket is provided to receive a mast,
and around the sides rails are placed between which chains or ropes
extend. These rails, when the raft is in the water, stand vertically,
and they are retained in that position by springs, locks, or the mechanical
equivalents of these.
When the raft or apparatus herein-before described is not in use it is
or may be slung up at the ship's side or stern, each end of the raft being
folded or rolled in towards the centre and fastened. When about to be
used a cock or valve regulating the admission of compressed air into the
chambers or cells is opened and the apparatus lowered into the water,
wherein it spreads out as each cell or chamber becomes inflated or filled
with air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Cocking at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1875.
I, HARRY COCKING, 182 High Street, Camden Town, in the County
of Middlesex, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
Firstly. In an adjustable or moving handle, pin, or screw, working in
a slot of the driving wheel of the machine from the centre stud or pin
to the outer edge of the wheel and shifted inwards or outwards, by
which the power and speed of the machine can be regulated to suit
various kinds of material at the pleasure of the operator.
Secondly. In the application of an improved stitch regulating screw
so constructed to act direct on the feed bar, and as to prevent the
taking off or withdrawing the stitch during operation; the screw has a
deep head or top, which when the screw is turned into its fullest extent
jams upon (or is stopped by) the ear on the under side of the work
plate.

page_text: Thirdly. In a new mode of obtaining the groove or opening for the
needle to pass down in the shuttle race face obviating the necessity of.
having a separate or raised needle plate as in other machines. To
accomplish this I make a groove in the face of the race, and form the
remaining portion of the hole by filing out a part of the shuttle cover
slide.
Fourthly. In an entirely new Invention for making good or com.
pensating the loss of material caused by wear in the needle bar. I make
a slot in the head of the frame of machine running into the hole drilled
for needle bar, and into which I place a piece of steel or other material
having a hollow or recess so as to bear directly on the needle bar. As
the needle bar wears I press this piece of steel or other material against
it by means of a set screw passed through the head of the frame of
machine, thereby making the needle bar as firm in its bearings as when
first fitted.
Fifthly. In a new method of lifting or extracting the shuttle from its
carriage when required. To an ear on the under part of the work plate
I attach or balance by means of a stud a small bell crank or lever, so
that one point comes immediately under the shuttle when it (the shuttle)
is back as far as it will go. To raise the shuttle I depress or push
'down the other end of the lever causing it to lift the shuttle from its
carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FIBRES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Gray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1875.
I, THOMAS HENRY GRAY, of Grant Road, Clapham Junction, in the
County of Surrey, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING
FIBRES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of preparing wheat and other straw,
and also bamboo and analogous fibres, preparatory to submitting them to
the boiling process, the object being to facilitate the action of the
chemicals used in reducing the fibres to pulp. To this end I cut up the
straw, bamboo, or other substance into lengths, say of one inch, more or
less, and subject the cut material to the action of rotating beaters
contained in a fixed cylindrical case, armed at its periphery and at its
sides with steel bars or blades.
The rotary beaters may conveniently consist of serrated steel bars
mounted on plates set radially around a boss and constituting therewith

page_text: a fan wheel or blower. The axle of this fan or beater wheel turns in
bearings in the sides of the case, and the periphery of the case is made
up mainly of bars, which present a serrated, or it may be a straight edge
to the rotating beaters. In the lower part of this case grids are provided
in substitution for these bars; and at the upper part of the case and at
one side thereof a hopper is fitted for delivering the cut fibres into the
machine. The sides or ends of the case are fitted with serrated bars set
tangentially to the boss of the fan or beater wheel, and the plates of this
wheel are furnished at their side edges with serrated bars, which will act
in conjunction with the tangential bars in reducing the knots and hard
woody portions of the material to filaments. By giving the beater
wheel a rapid rotary motion and supplying the hopper with the cut
material in a dry state, the material will fall or be drawn into the closed
case, and being driven round by the fan and rubbed between the
stationary and rotating bars, its hardest portions will be rapidly dis-
integrated while the softer portions will be split up and the whole
brought to a suitable condition for undergoing the boiling process. By
thus treating straw, bamboo, canc, and like materials, preparatory to the
boiling process I am enabled to reduce them to the condition for
bleaching with the aid of a far lower pressure of steam in the boiler than
is at present required, and also with the use of a smaller proportion of
caustic alkali for dissolving the silica and effecting the proper maceration
of the fibres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA FRAMES, AND IN THE JOINTS THEREOF
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Garner and Albert
Rycroft at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th November 1875.
We, CHARLES GARNER, of Flixton, in the County of Lancaster, and
ALBERT RYCROFT, of the City of Manchester, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA FRAMES, AND
IN THE JOINTS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the frames of umbrellas, and consist in
a novel method of jointing them together, whereby in case of breakage
any of the ribs or stretchers may be instantly and readily removed at
pleasure, and this by the most uninitiated person, and whereby at the
same time facility is afforded for re-covering umbrellas without of
necessity having recourse to a skilled workman.
In carrying out our Invention we form the extremities of the ribs
where they are jointed to the notch, as also each extremity of the
stretchers, with a double spring, which may either be formed in one
piece with the rib or stretcher, or may be made separate and affixed
thereto. This double spring is formed with eyes or holes at its

page_text: extremities, which are designed to fit on to pins suitably disposed to
receive them in the notch in the runner, and in the rib where the
stretcher is jointed thereto; or pins or projections may be formed
upon the extremities of the springs for taking into corresponding holes
in the notches, runners, and ribs.
In order to introduce one of the stretchers or ribs it is only necessary
to press the double springs together, when they will readily pass between
the pins designed to receive them, and being then released they will
spring outwards against such pins, and the eyes or holes formed in their
extremities becoming engaged therewith a joint will thus be effected and
maintained until the springs are again pressed together, when they may
be as readily removed.
AN IMPROVED DOBBY' FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Smith and Doctor
Lewis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th August 1875.
We, EDWARD SMITH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, and DOCTOR LEWIS, of Blackburn, in the said County,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED DOBBY' FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
-
In this dobby the healds are lifted by a number of jacks, which may
be either single, and lift the healds from one point in the dobby, or they
may be double, and lift the healds from two points in the same. The
said jacks are actuated by a number of sliding inclined planes, which as
they move forward press upon the jacks and cause the healds to be
lifted, or as they move backward allow the jacks to be drawn down by
the springs attached to the healds. Each of the inclined planes work in
guides and carry a horizontal lever notched near each end, one end of
each lever being in contact with a pattern chain of lags and pegs. If a
peg be present it slightly lifts that end of the lever that is in contact
with it so that the notch at that end is caught, and the lever is carried
along by one of a pair of reciprocating knives, which work close to the

page_text: said levers. If a peg be absent that end of the lever next the pattern
chain being the heaviest becomes depressed, and the other end elevated;
this last-named end is then caught by the other of the reciprocating
knives. Thus the horizontal levers are pushed by one knife one way
and by the other knife the other way, and as each lever carries its
inclined plane along with it the jacks and healds are elevated or
depressed according as the inclines move to the right or to the left.
This is determined by the absence or presence of pegs in the pattern
chain, so that if an incline. has been moved one way by the presence of
a peg it will remain in that position until the chain be turned to a part
where a peg be absent, and if it has been moved by the absence of a
peg it will remain in the position given to it until the presence of a
peg. The pattern chain is turned by a catch every pick or two picks as
may be desired, so as to present a fresh row of pegs and blanks to the
horizontal levers. One of the knives receives motion from a pair of
rocking levers, one of which levers is actuated from a crank or tappet
on the crank or tappet shaft of the loom; the said knife gives motion by
a pair of racks to a pair of pinions, which in turn give motion to
another pair of racks connected to the other knife, so that when the
dobby is working the two knives continually approach to and recede
from each other. The holes in the jacks where a shaft passes through
are made open at the bottom to facilitate taking out a jack at any
time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE PIGMENTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Victor Leger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd August 1875.
I, FRANÇOIS VICTOR LEGER, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE PIGMENTS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of white
pigments suitable for oil and other paints. The covering basis of such
white piginents is sulphuret of zinc, whilst body is imparted to them by
any primitive or artificial white carths capable of supporting calcination
from a dark red to a bright red heat, or even a greater heat without
losing their white color, such earths arc lime, magnesia, alumına,
strontia, baryta, and others, either primitive or artificial.
The process is as follows:-Into a closed vessel a carbonate of one of
the white earths herein-before referred to is introduced with hydrochloric
acid diluted in water, carbonic acid gas will immediately be evolved, and
a chloride of the earth employed will be formed.

page_text: In another closed vessel a solution of zinc and hydrochloric acid, or of
zinc and sulphuric acid is introduced with its equivalent of magnesia,
lime, or another of the carths above mentioned The two vessels being
then connected together by a surtable tube, the carbonic acid gas
evolved in the first vessel will come into contact with the solution of
chloride of zinc or of sulphate of zinc in the second vessel, and there
will be formed a carbonate of zinc which is precipitated, and either a
chloride or a sulphate of magnesia or of the other earth employed. The
carbonate of zinc is then collected, and the earth contained in the
chloride first formed is precipitated by means of sulphuric acid, so as to
make sulphates therefrom The two precipitates last mentioned arc
then united together, and an equivalent part of powdered sulphur is
added to them, and the whole is made up into cakes which after having|
been dried are calcined in a furnace where the excess of sulphur is burnt,
and the sulphurous vapour emitted is collected for use as required. The
calcined cakes are then reduced to an impalpable powder forming a
pigment fit for usc.
If preferred white pigments may be manufactured according to this
Invention by forming in a suitable mixing machine a mixture of
powered zinc, sulphur, and one of the earths above referred to, which
mixture is made into cakes, and treated as the cakes herein-before
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING HIDES, SKINS, AND OTHER ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, AND IN DYEING THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Masurier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1875.
I, JULES MASURIER, of the Firm Masurier le Jeune et Fils, of Le
Havre (Seine Inferieure) Owner, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING HIDES, SKINS, AND OTHER
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, AND IN DYEING THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
•
This Invention consists in employing for the purpose of tanning
either of two foreign plants, the cucalyptus and the pangué instead of
the bark and other materials commonly used in that operation.
The eucalyptus has powerful astringent and antiseptic qualities, and
its bark, wood, or leaves, may be advantageously employed in tanning.
The pangué is a root found in Chili in moist soils where it grows wild.
It contains much tannin, and when applied to skins produces very full
thick leather; either of these materials can be applied in the same way

page_text: as bark, sumach, and the like, either for tanning hides or for preserving
cords, fabrics, or other animal or vegetable matters.
Solutions or extracts of the plants named above are also applicable in
dyeing, principally for the development of certain colours in a manner
similar to cachou, gall nuts, sumach, and other like astringents.
SHIP SAVING MACHINE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Cooper at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd July 1875.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK COOPER, a Navigating Lieutenant in the
Royal Navy, residing at 8, Alfred Terrace, Boston Road, Hanwell, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "SHIP SAVING MACHINE," to be as follows .-
This ship saving and sounding machine attached to the ship's quarter
is adapted to warn vessels (especially at night or in foggy weather)
approaching the land of any required depth of water, without stopping
to sound in the usual way, by means of a towing drag or grapnel, which
drag on touching the ground will hook and give a certain pull and then
yield, and keep pulling, thereby turning the wheel of the machine
which signals by alarum, pistol, red light, and arm, that the required
depth has been reached.
The line from the wheel on the machine runs along a short rod which
moves a tell-tale showing the angle of the towing line from the perpen-
dicular, and the line is measured by mark and by the revolutions of

page_text: •
the wheel, having index wheels connected with the axle Then knowing
the distance of line out and the angle of that line, the perpendicular
depth is known, such having been worked out by logs from following
proportion. Radius hypotenuse cosine perpendicular. For
instance, if I want to know when I shoal my water to 25 fathoms,
and the speed of ship makes the angle shown on tell-tale 60° I must
pay out 50 fathoms, but if the angle be only 35° the drag must be
41 fathoms distance, and so on
The wheel of the machine is kept in position whilst towing the drag
by a line attached to the forward part of the wheel and drawn through
a compressor' regulated by screw or weight; or the inner end of the
towing line thus brought under the compressor; and the wheel is so
weighted that should the tow line break the wheel would turn the
reveise way, and signal that a new drag may be put on.
A scale of depths agreeing with the angles and distances accompanies
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF HEATING SMOOTHING IRONS, MANGLES, OR OTHER APPARATUS FOR PRESSING ARTICLES OF APPAREL, TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Nagle Pedder at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st December 1875.
I, JAMES NAGLE PEDDER, of East Sunniside, Norfolk Street,
Sunderland, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE
OF HEATING SMOOTHING IRONS, MANGLES, OR OTHER APPARATUS FOR PRESSING
ARTICLES OF APPAREL, TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows (that is.
to say):-
My Invention has reference to the mode of forming the bodies, stands,
handles, and other parts of flat, box, Italian, crimping, and other irons,
and of mangles and presses, and heating the said irons, mangles, and
|_ presses, either internally or externally by means of the combustion of
gases, oils, spirits, or other inflammable substances through the medium
of elastic or non-elastic pipes or tubes, or otherwise direct to lamps,
burners, or other appliances with a view to rendering them more heat
retaining, cleanly, speedily, and uniformly heated and independent of
ordinary fires or other heating methods hitherto employed, and consists
in employing for the said purpose,—

page_text: Firstly. For a box iron or metallic box with a moveable lid for the
insertion of lamps or other appliances, or through which or other parts of
the box an elastic or non-elastic pipe or tube with or without couplings
or stop cocks will penetrate to the interior, to which will be attached
a lamp or burner, the pipe or tube acting as a feeder or service pipe
to the lamp or burner, the combustion of the same being maintained
by means of inlet and outlet draught ventilators through the body.
Secondly. For an Italian iron a metallic stand from which will rise a
pillar or column. either hollow or solid supporting a horizontal hollow
metallic cylinder permanently closed at one end, and fitted at the other
end with movable hollow metallic box or ball with an elastic or non-
elastic pipe or tube, to which will be attached the lamp or burner, the
pipe or tube acting as a feeder or service pipe to the lamp or burner.
Thirdly. For a crimping iron or mangle, one or two horizontal
metallic revolving cylinder or hollow roller placed one above the other,
or travelling on a horizontal frame or bed with or without an upper
frame for weights, and with open ends and heated by an interior fixed
horizontal gas tube or pipe with burners or perforations at certain
distances, and supplied by an elastic or non-elastic pipe or tube with
gases as aforesaid, the lamp resting on a grating within the cylinders, or
with solid ends to the cylinders heated as before.
.i.
Fourthly. For a press formed of a hollow upper and lower metallic
bed, also with inlet and outlet draught ventilators heated internally, and
the pressure supplied by manual, hydraulic, steam, or other power, or
the lower bed solid and heated on the under surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIANOS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward George Burling at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th July 1875.
I, EDWARD GEORGE BURLING, of No. 17", Hunter Street, Brunswick
Square, Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIANOS," to be as follows:-
The addition of a pedal which is connected with a bar of wood
traversing the width of the piano with baize and parchment affixed
thereto, the said bar when in action resting on the strings of the piano,
whereby the hammers are made to strike the strings through the parch-
mont, and the piano caused to imitate the banjo.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED SEAT, DESE, AND TABLE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Laurie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1875.
I, THOMAS LAURIE, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMBINED SEAT, DESE, AND TABLE," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
"
This Invention which relates to a combined seat, desk, and table has
for its object to render the same adaptable to schools, public meeting
rooms, and analogous institutions as well as to such places where
* garden seats ” are in general use. It consists in hinging the back of
the seat to the top stay or cross bar connecting the standards, whereby
the said back is made to radiate in an arc extending over three-quarters
of a circle when desiring to convert the seat into a desk.
The aforesaid top stay or cross bar remains rigid and is provided with
holes or wells for ink receptacles. The back thus forms a desk and is

page_text: held at the usual angle by lugs or projections on the standards. These
lugs or projections are fitted with screws which acting on the seat back
raise the latter to the level desired when converting the desk into a
table.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NUTS and WASHERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Myles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
February 1875.-Partly a communication from abroad by Charles
Levey, of Toronto, in the Dominion of Canada.
I, WILLIAM MYLES, of Toronto, in the Dominion of Canada, at present
residing at Mullin's Hotel, Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NUTS and
WASHERS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore it has been proposed to effect the locking of nuts by means
of the washer against which it has been screwed, and this has been
effected by turning upwards a portion of the periphery of the washer to
bear against one of the sides of the nut, and so prevent it from turning
and becoming unscrewed. This way of locking the nut has however
many disadvantages.
According to this Invention radial grooves or recesses are made in the
front end of the nut commencing near the hole which is made through
the nut, and being made deeper and deeper as they come to the exterior
of the nut.

page_text: When a nut formed in this manner has been screwed home on to a
washer, a portion of the circumference of the washer is by means of
a punch or otherwise bent upwards to cause it to rise up into one or
other of the recesses in the end of the nut, and so prevent it from
turning.
The washer itself is prevented from turning by projections upon it
entering recesses in the surface against which it is applied. This may
be effected in a variety of ways as shewn in the Drawings hereunto
annexed. Figure 1 represents a washer and nut formed as above
described applied to a rail joint with fish plates of ordinary construction.
A is the nut, B the washer, and C the fish plate; the washer is shewn
separately at Figures 2 and 3, and the nut at Figures 4 and 5. The washer
has tangs e, e, projecting from it, as shewn, to enter the bolt hole which
as usual is slightly elliptical. At F a portion of the circumference of
the washer is shewn to be raised to enter one of the recesses in the end
of the nut, the nut is thus firmly locked. To unlock it the bend in the
washer shewn at F can be depressed with a hammer or set punch, and
the nut can then be screwed off. Figures 6 and 7 shew a modified form
of the nut; Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, shew various
forms of washers, each of which at the points D, D, is curved or bent to
form projections to enter recesses in the surface against which the
washer is applied, in order to prevent the washer from turning when a
nut has been screwed up against it.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS DESIGNED TO SECURE THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE FROM THE FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enoch Singleton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
July 1875.
I, ENOCH SINGLETON, of Brighouse, in the County of York, Working
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS DESIGNED TO SECURE THE CONSUMPTION OF
SMOKE FROM THE FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows
-
This Invention has for its object the combustion of smoke arising
from the fuel of furnaces of steam boilers, by the use of simple,
inexpensive, and readily applied means consisting of intercepting and
diverting walls and arches, forming likewise a combustion chamber.
Within the flue near to the bridge of the grate bars I build across the
flue a wall of fire bucks to about the height of the bridge, from which I
carry an arch of brick lining the crown and sides of the flue, the arch
being supported by means of a central wall of simply brick at right
angles to the one first named and supported thereby At a convenient
distance from the walls and arch described I construct a second and

page_text: like wall, an arch, and supporting wall, the intervening space between
the two forming a combustion chamber. The air passing under the grato
bars is turned and diverted upwards by the wall near the bridge, and
mingles with the flame and heated gases, the whole entering the com-
bustion chamber, the arches and supporting walls of which retard the
too rapid exit, the result is the smoke is consumed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAW BAR COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Holland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1875.
I, WILLIAM HOLLAND, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRAW BAR COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the draw bars through which tractive force is
transmitted to railway carriages, wagons, and vehicles, and has for its
object to couple together the two draw bars in each vehicle by simple
and efficient means. On the inner end of each draw bar, I mount a
recessed plate, and in the recess I fit a ring or short cylinder of
vulcanised caoutchouc. A circular disc formed to nearly fit the recess
in the said plate is secured on the draw bar by means of a nut, and the
recessed plate on one draw bar is connected by means of bolts with the
corresponding plate on the other bar, collars on the said bolts or on
some of them maintaining the two plates at an uniform distance apart.
I prefer to make each of the said recessed plates of cast iron, circular in
form, and having a projecting boss in which is formed the said recess,

page_text: the said boss being strengthened by means of ribs extending from the
boss to the outer edge of the casting, and situated between the bolt
holes.
When in use the aforesaid bolts maintain the required connection of
one draw bar with the other bar, the caoutchouc furnishing a suitable
amount of elasticity in the connection.