Improvements in or relating to Explosion Engines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Explosion Engines.
I, GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER of 58 City Road, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to gas and oil engines, adapted to work on the Otto cycle,
with either oil or gas as the motive fluid, or agent as may be desired from time to
time, although the majority of the improvements hereinafter set forth are applicable
to an engine operated by oil alone or by gas alone.
The principal object of this invention is to construct an engine in which air is
not drawn into the cylinder in any stroke except that stroke in which the actual
suction of the charge occurs. Moreover in the improved engine forming the
subject of this invention, the piston, except when any of the four strokes of the
cycle is being performed, i.e. the suction, compression, explosion or scavenging
strokes, simply works in a partial vacuum; another object of the invention is to
enable the engine to make a suction stroke of any one of the outstrokes which does
not happen to be an explosion stroke.
A further object of this invention is to produce an engine in which the valve gear
is driven direct from the main shaft without the intervention of toothed gearing.
The operation of the valves is under the control of a governor of the pendulum or
other type.
In one construction of engine according to this invention, capable of being
worked by an explosive charge of gas and air or of oil-vapour and air the inlet
valves for air and gas are mitre or mushroom valves; the exhaust valve is a similar
valve and in the example chosen is at the opposite side of the cylinder to that on
which the inlet valves are situated. The spindles of all these valves are encircled
by springs of sufficient strength to prevent any one of these valves from opening
to destroy the vacuum produced in the idle outstroke of the piston as aforesaid.
Alongside the air valve in engines adapted for using oil is a small oil-pump for
injecting oil spray into the cylinder; it has a spring-controlled spindle like that of
the valves and is operated by the valve lever, simultaneously with the air valve.
Pivotted below the cylinder is a rocking-lever, operated in the manner hereinafter
described, one end of the rocking lever operates the air inlet valve and valve
or oil pump as the case may be and the other end operates the exhaust valve.
Upon the crank-shaft is an eccentric, which operates a slide carried in guides on
the engine framing; this slide is reciprocated by the eccentric and may carry at
one end a pendulum governor provided with a tappet.
gas
Upon one end of the rocking-lever just above the slide is a guide wherein a rod
slides vertically. At the upper end of this rod is a slot. Upon the engine
cylinder is pivotted a lever with a cam or enlargement notched to enable the
governor tappet to engage with it to move it through a small arc and with a pin
to engage with the slot so that when the tappet moves the cam the sliding bar
protrudes its lower end from the rocking lever downward into the path of a
projection on the slide below so that the inlet valve is opened by the latter in its
movement of reciprocation. The cam is also shaped to enable the rocking-lever
when it is subsequently opening the exhaust valve to restore the cam to its original

page_text: position. This restoration does not occur until the exhaust stroke is taking place,
for the cam when operated in the charging stroke is moved so far as to be out of
the range of the tappet in the explosion stroke, and is only moved into range
again by the operation of the valve lever during exhaust stroke. Instead of a
tappet operating on a cam an intermediate sliding bar with suitable engaging
devices thereon may be employed to operatively connect the governor and the
sliding rod in the valve-lever. In au alternative construction of this operative
connection there may be in guides on the cylinder a sliding bolt which unlike the
cam in the foregoing example will be hit once by the tappet in every revolution of
the engine as long as the governor permits. This bolt operates by means of a
wedge or equivalent device at its end, a plunger at right angles to it. Upon the
end of the rocking lever aforesaid is a spring-controlled rod arranged to protrude
as desired; whenever the governor arm strikes the sliding bolt, the plunger
controlled by that bolt is depressed so also is the rod below it. On such occasions
the lower end of this rod is protruded into the path of apparatus carried by the
slide but at other times it is not so protruded and is therefore unaffected by the
reciprocating slide. When either of these modifications is employed the rol when
protruded operates in combination with mechanism carried on the slide which will
now be described ;-Within a casing, preferably arranged as an oil bath on the
slide, is a pivot on which is a toothed wheel or segment gearing with two short
toothed bars one horizontal the other vertical, the former having projecting lug
upon it, and the latter being provided with a spring tending to retain it against the
pull of gravity in any position to which it is adjusted. On another pivot is a
three-armed device two of whose arms are arranged to engage with the segment,
one as a detent, the other as an escapement arm, the third hereinafter termed a
trigger being operated by a spring buffer on the frame of the engine. A spring-
controlled lever is pivotted on the frame so that one of its ends comes into proximity
or into contact with the segment as the latter travels with the slide.
Next
Let it be assumed that the governor tappet causes the rod to be protruded as
aforesaid into the path of the lug on the horizontal slide; this results first in the
opening of the air valve on say the first stroke, and the opening of the exhaust
valve in the fourth stroke of the cycle, as follows ;--The lug on the horizontal slide
strikes the rod which has the effect of moving the segment by the horizontal slide
until the segment is engaged by the detent arm which thereupon locks it.
the lug being held by the detent moves with the slide and operates the rocking
Jever to open the air valve and gas valve or work the pump as the case may be.
This occurs on the outstroke of the piston, the eccentric being suitably set to
permit this, and the opening of the air valve begins and ceases whilst the piston
makes an outstroke. When the slide has returned to the extreme limit of its
travel in the opposite direction, the trigger comes against the spring buffer, and the
detent releases the segment while the escapement arm simultaneously engages a
slotted part of the segment. On the next outstroke of the slide a projection on
the segment is caused to come against the pivotted lever aforesaid which then
rotates the segment through a small arc causing the escapement arm to enter a slot
in the segment so that the detent arm is thrown clear and the segment now passes
clear of the lever, so that when next the lug on the horizontal slide makes contact
with the rod on the rocking lever the latter will not be operated but will remain
still and the horizontal slide will move back and rotate the segment reversely to
raise the vertical bolt sufficiently to cause it, as the main slide returns, to engage a
special projection on the rocking lever and move the latter to open the exhaust
valve. Before the end of the scavenging stroke, and therefore as the slide is
moving forward again, the segment is brought against the pivotted lever and
thereby rotated to restore the parts to the original position.
On the other hand if the speed unduly increases the rod is not protruded and
the valve mechanism is not affected until the governor tappet again comes into
action.
Instead of a governor carried by the reciprocating slide a rotating governor may

page_text: be employed, turning on a spindle carried by fixed hearings and having a sliding
connection with a tappet arm which it raises and lowers in accordance with
variations in the speed, effecting the connection between the slide and valve-lever
in some such manner as is hereinbefore indicated.
Instead of the herein before described construction of apparatus in the recipro-
cating slide the following may be adopted ;-The protruding rod is utilised to
operate a sliding spindle carried by the main slide and operating a rocking lever
also carried by the main slide. This rocking lever operates another sliding rod
which causes a vertical bolt to rise and fall as required; the first-named spindle,
on the first or suction stroke of the cycle, is held to cause it to operate the valve
rocking-lever, but on the explosion stroke it is allowed to slide back as in the
former example. The releasing device may be of the nature of a mechanical bolt
lock or escapement or may depend for its operation at the desired time upon the
existence of a certain increased pressure in the cylinder keeping the air-valve
shut, and causing the sliding rod to move and through the rocker, and the other
sliding rod to raise the vertical bolt of the slide in order to operate the exhaust
valve. The bolt aforesaid or its equivalent is arranged to aid in the return of the
vertical bolt to the normal position.
In the engine when used for oil a vaporizer is employed which is heated by the
exhaust gases or otherwise, and the centre of which is occupied by a ball or other
body, in order that the oil spray blown towards the ball shall pass close around it
on its way to the cylinder instead of close to the outer casing. A residue of rich
vapour remains in the vaporizer which is compressed to form an igniting charge.
This charge is readily ignited by the heated wall of the vaporizer, for it is com-
pressed into contact therewith whereas the vaporization of the spray, which should
be effected at a lesser temperature in order not to decompose the oil is effected as
desired by means of the ball which possesses always a lower temperature than that
of the other parts of the vaporizer. The supply-pipe of the oil pump is fitted,
between the pump and the engine cylinder, with a loaded valve in order that no
oil may be drawn into the engine cylinder at such times as a vacuum may exist
therein.
Dated this 14th day of February 1896.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER, of 58 City Road, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to gas and oil engines, adapted to work on the Otto cycle,
with either oil or gas as the motive fluid or agent, as may be desired from time to
time, although the majority of the improvements hereinafter set forth are applicable
to an engine operated by oil alone or by gas alone.
The principal object of this invention is to construct an engine in which air is
not drawn into the cylinder in any stroke except that stroke in which the actual
suction of the charge occurs. Moreover in the improved engine forming the
subject of this invention, the piston, except when any of the four strokes of the
cycle is being performed, i.e. the suction, compression, explosion or scavenging
strokes, simply works in a partial vacuum; another object of the invention is to

page_text: enable the engine to make a suction stroke of any one of the outstrokes which
does not happen to be an explosion stroke.
A further object of this invention is to produce an engine in which the valve
gear is driven direct from the main shaft without the intervention of toothed
gearing. The operation of the valves is under the control of a governor of the
pendulum or other type.
In one construction of engine according to this invention, capable of being
worked by an explosive charge of gas and air or of oil-vapour and air, the inlet
valves for air and gas are mitre or mushroom valves; the exhaust valve is a
similar valve and in the example chosen is at the opposite side of the cylinder to
that on which the inlet valves are situated. The spindles of all these valves are
encircled by springs of sufficient strength to prevent any one of these valves from
opening to destroy the vacuum produced in the idle outstroke of the piston as
aforesaid. Alongside the air valve in engines adapted for using oil is a small
oil-pump for injecting oil spray into the cylinder; it has a spring-controlled
spindle like that of the valves and is operated by the valve lever, simultaneously
with the air valve. Pivotted below the cylinder is a rocking-lever, operated in
the manner hereinafter described, one end of the rocking lever operates the air
inlet valve and gas valve or oil pump as the case may be and the other end
operates the exhaust valve.
Upen the crank-shaft is an eccentric, which operates a slide carried in guides ou
the engine framing; this slide is reciprocated by the eccentric and may carry at
one end a pendulum governor provided with a tappet.
Upon one end of the rocking-lever just above the slide is a guide wherein a rod
slides vertically. At the upper end of this rod is a slot. Upon the engine cylinder
is pivotted a lever with a cam or eulargement notched to enable the governor
tappet to engage with it to move it through a small arc and with a pin to engage
with the slot so that when the tappet moves the cam the sliding bar protrudes its
lower end from the rocking lever downward into the path of a projection on the
slide below so that the inlet valve is opened by the latter in its movement of
reciprocation. The cam is also shaped to enable the rocking-lever, when it is
subsequently opening the exhaust valve, to restore the cam to its original position.
This restoration does not occur until the exhaust stroke is taking place, for the
cam when operated in the charging stroke is moved so far as to be out of the
range of the tappet in the explosion stroke, and is only moved into range again by
the operation of the valve lever during exhaust stroke. Instead of a tappet
operating on a cam an intermediate sliding bar with suitable engaging devices
thereon may be employed to operatively connect the governor and the sliding rod
in the valve-lever. In an alternative construction of this operative connection
there may be in guides on the cylinder a sliding bolt which unlike the cam in the
foregoing example will be hit once by the tappet in every revolution of the engine
as long as the governor permits. This bolt operates by means of a wedge or
equivalent device at its end, a plunger at right angles to it. Upon the end of the
rocking lever aforesaid is a spring-controlled rod arranged to protrude as desired;
whenever the governor arm strikes the sliding bolt, the plunger controlled by that
bolt is depressed, so also is the rod below it. On such occasions the lower end of
this rod is protruded into the path of apparatus carried by the slide but at other
times it is not so protruded and is therefore unaffected by the reciprocating slide.
When either of these modifications is employed the rod when protruded operates
in combination with mechanism carried on the slide which will now be described ;-
Within a casing, preferably arranged as an oil bath on the slide, is a pivot on which
is a toothed wheel or segment gearing with two short toothed bars, one horizontal
the other vertical, the former having a projecting lug upon it, and the latter being
provided with a spring tending to retain it against the pull of gravity in any
position to which it is adjusted. On another pivot is a three-armed device, two of
whose arms are arranged to engage with the segment, one as a detent, the other as
an escapement arm, the third hereinafter termed a trigger being operated by a

page_text: spring butter on the frame of
engine. A spring-com
on the frame so that one of its en ls comes into proximity or into contact with the
seginent as the latter travels with the slide.
Let it be assumed that the governor tappet causes the rod to be protruded as
aforesaid into the path of the lug on the horizontal slile; this results first in the
opening of the air valve on say the first stroke, and the opening of the exhaust
valve in the fourth stroke of the cycle, as follows;-The lug on the horizontal
slide strikes the rod which has the effect of moving the segment by the horizontal
slide until the segment is engaged by the detent arm which thereupon locks it.
Next the lug being held by the detent moves with the slide and operates the
rocking-lever to open the air valve and gas valve or work the pump as the case
may be. This occurs on the outstroke of the piston, the eccentric being suitably
set to permit this, and the opening of the air valve begins and ceases whilst the
piston makes an outstroke. When the slide has returned to the extreme limit of
its travel in the opposite direction, the trigger comes against the spring buffer, and
the detent releases the segment while the escapement arm simultaneously engages
a slotted part of the segment. On the next outstroke of the slide a projection on
the segment is caused to come against the pivotted lever aforesaid which then
rotates the segment through a small are causing the escapement arm to enter a slot
in the segment so that the detent arm is thrown clear and the segment now passes
clear of the lever, so that when next the lug on the horizontal slide makes contact
with the rod on the rocking lever the latter will not be operated but will remain
still and the horizontal slide will move back and rotate the segment reversely to
raise the vertical bolt sufficiently to cause it, as the main slide returns, to engage
a special projection on the rocking lever and mure the latter to open the exhaust
valve. Before the end of the scavenging stroke, and therefore as the slide is
moving forward again, the segment is brought against the pivotted lever and
thereby rotated to restore the parts to the original position.
On the other hand if the speed unduly increases the rod is not protruded and
the valve mechanism is not affected until the governor tappet again comes into
action.
Instead of a governor carried by the reciprocating slide a rotating governor may
be employed, turning on a spindle carried by fixed bearings and having a sliding
connection with a tappet arm which it raises and lowers in accordance with
variations in the speed, effecting the connection between the slide and valve-lever
in some such manner as is hereinafter indicated.
Instead of the herein before described construction of apparatus in the recipro-
cating slide the following may be adopted ;-The protruding rod is utilised to
operate a sliding spindle carried by the main slide and operating a rocking lever
also carried by the main slide. This rocking lever operates another sliding rod
which causes a vertical bolt to rise and fall as required; the first-named spindle on
the first or suction stroke of the cycle, is held to cause it to operate the valve
rocking-lever, but on the explosion stroke it is allowed to slide back as in the
former example. The releasing device may be of the nature of a mechanical
bolt lock or escapement or may depend for its operation at the desired time upon
the existence of a certain increased pressure in the cylinder keeping the air-valve
shut, and causing the sliding rod to move through the rocker, and the other sliding
rod to raise the vertical bolt of the slide in order to operate the exhaust valve.
The bolt aforesaid or its equivalent is arranged to aid in the return of the vertical
bolt to the normal position.
In the engine when used for oil a vaporizer is employed which is heated by the
exhaust gases or otherwise, and the centre of which is occupied by a ball or other
body, in order that the oil spray blown towards the ball shall pass close around it
on its way to the cylinder instead of close to the outer casing. A residue of rich
vapour remains in the vaporiser which is compressed to form an, iguiting charge.
This charge is readily ignited by the heated wall of the vaporiser, for it is
compressed into contact therewith where as the vaporisation of the spray, which

page_text: should be effected at a lesser temperature in order not to decompose the oil is
-effected as desired by means of the ball which possesses always a lower temperature
than that of the other parts of the vaporiser. The supply-pipe of the oil pump is
fitted between the pump and the engine cylinder, with a loaded valve in order that
no oil may be drawu into the engine cylinder at such times as a vacuum may exist
therein.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the valve gear of my improved engine, the cover of
the "gear box" upon the slide being removed.
Fig. 2 is a plan partly broken away showing the lever for operating the valves
and pump.
Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4. is a horizontal section of the vaporiser.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A slide A is reciprocated in guides B by an eccentric upon the shaft of the
engine, only the end of the eccentric rod where it is attached to the slide being
shown in the drawings. Upon this slide A is arranged suitable mechanism to be
hereinafter more fully described, by means of which the lever C operating the
valves is moved. The valves D are arranged beneath the cylinder and are so
constructed that their spindles D₁ protrude with their ends in sufficient proximity
to nipples Cupon the lever C that oscillation of this lever about its pivot C2 will
cause one or other of these spindles D₁ to be pushed in against the action of a
spring and the valve to be opened. Preferably upon the end of this lever C which
lies on the right-hand side of the engine, is formed a block C, the lower surface
-of which slides over the upper surface of a portion A¹ of the slide A. This
block C³ forms a guide in which slides vertically a bar E, the upper end of which
has a link E' formed on it. It will be seen from this construction that when the
bar E is raised so that its lower end is flush with the under surface of the block C³
the slide A may reciprocate without the lever C being moved.
The slide A carries upon it in a position, beneath that occupied by the block C³
on the lever C, suitable mechanism by means of which obstacles may be introduced
into the path traversed by the block C which shall cause the lever C to be
oscillated in one direction or the other. These obstacles take the form of bars F
and G, the former sliding horizontally and the latter vertically. The bar F has
teeth upon its under side, and a lug F projecting on its upper surface. The
upper surface of this lug is flush with the upper surface of the part A' of the
slide A. The vertical sliding bar G is provided with teeth G and is acted upon
by a spring nipple, not shown in the drawings, which is carried in the cover of the
gear-box and engages the depressions G2 tending to keep the bar G in any
position to which it is adjusted, its lowest position causing its upper end to be flush
with the upper surface of the part A¹ of the slide A.
A wheel H is pivotted to the slide A and is provided with teeth H upon a
portion of its periphery, the remaining portion being cam-shaped and provided
with a slot H2 and projections H H. The teeth of this wheel engage with the
teeth on the bars F and G, the relative position of the parts being such that
upon rotating the wheel, say to the left, the bar F is moved to an inoperative
position, while the bar G is moved upward until its end projects beyond the upper
surface of the part A' of the slide A, in such a manner that as the slide reciprocates
its projecting end will come in contact with a shoulder C on the block C³. While
on rotating the wheel H to the right, the bar F is brought so that the lug F' may
act upon the end of the bar E projecting below the under surface of the block C,
while the bar G is lowered into an inoperative position. In proximity to the
wheel H a three-armed lever J is pivotted, one arm J of which is arranged as a
detent to engage with the projection or tooth H on the wheel H, the second
arm J being shaped as an escapement arm which may engage with the slot H² in
the wheel H. The third arm J, hereinafter termed a "trigger" is shaped so that

page_text: upon the return stroke of the slide A it will come in contact with a spring buffer K
carried in the framing of the cylinder guide B.
These parts uamely the bars F and G the wheel H and the three arm lever .F
are all enclosed in a box A' hereinafter referred to as the "gear box" which is
formed on the slide A; the cover of this box is attached by bolts which pass into
the holes A³.
Upon the framing carrying the guides B is pivotted a lever L, one arm of
which L' passes through an opening A' in the gear box A2, and is provided with a.
Interal projection L2 the end of which is a lapted to engage with the projection H³
on the wheel H. This lateral projection L' is shaped so that its upper surface.
may allow the periphery of the wheel H to slide smoothly over it as it is carried
to and fro by the reciprocation of the slide A. An arm L of the lever L is acted.
upon by a spring L which tends to keep the upper surface of the projection L² in
contact with the periphery of the wheel H.
The mechanism for raising and lowering the bar E in the block C³ is as
follows:-
The hiuder end of the slide A carries an arm A, upon which is mounted a
pendulum governor M, the tappet M' of which engages with the notch M², in the
sliding rod M³, so that on the forward motion of the slide A when the tappet M
engages with this notch M2, the sliding rod M³ is moved against the action of a
spring contained within the guide casing M. The forward end M5 of the sliding
rod M³ engages with a projection N upon a camn which is pivotted at N' on the
framing of the apparatus; this cam has a lateral projecting arm N2 provided with
a friction roller N³ which engages with the slot in the link E. It will thus be
seen that upon the sliding rod M3 being pushed forward its end M' being then in
engagement with the projection N the cam will be turned about its pivot N' so
that the bar E will be forced-downwards. The pivot N¹ on which this cam N is
mounted, projects beyond the face of the cam and is provided with a friction
roller N. This roller is so placed that upon the block C³ carrying the bar E being
moved towards the rear by an in-stroke of the slide A the roller N will come in
contact with the inclined surface E' formed on the inner side of the upper portion
of the link E', the effect of this being to force the bar E upward in the block C³,
the cam being rotated until the projection N is in a position ready to be once more
hit by the end of the sliding rod M³ in the manner above described.
The end of the lever which projects on the left-hand side of the engine is
provided with a nipple C which upon the oscillation of the lever C strikes the end
of the spindle O of an oil pump O', forcing it inwards against the action of a.
spring O2, and pumping the required quantity of oil through the pipe O³ into the
vaporiser.
The operation of the valves D and pump O in accordance with the requirements.
of the engine is effected as follows:-
Let it be assumed that the several portions of the mechanism contained in the
gear box have acquired the positions in which they are shown in Figure 1. The
wheel H being held against rotation to the left by the detent arm Jengaging
with the projection H, the vertical bar G being depressed, and the horizontal
bar F moved forward, the bar E must also be assumed to have been previously
moved downwards by the movement of the sliding rod M³ in the manner above
described. To bring the mechanism into this position it is necessary that the
slide A should have performed about one third of its outward stroke; as it moves
forward the lug F2 strikes against the projecting end of the bar E, and since the
bar F is held firmly to prevent its sliding backwards, the whole block C³, and
consequently the oscillating lever C, is caused to move so that the air valve D on.
the left hand side of the engine is opened and the pump O operated. Upon the
return stroke of the slide A the parts in the gear box remain in the same position
as on the out-stroke, no motion being imparted to the lever C; at the extreme
inward limit of the instroke, however, the trigger J3 is brought in contact with the

page_text: spring buffer K, by which means the detent arm J is disengaged from the
projection H' and the arm J2 caused to enter the slot H2, thus leaving the wheel H
free to be rotated to the left. This rotation takes place on the next outstroke
when the lug F2 comes in contact with the projecting end of the bar E; the
block C in this case does not receive any motion but on the contrary holds the
bar F against the forward motion of the slide A, so that the wheel H is rotated to
the left, the vertical bar G being by this means raised into its operative position;
the detent arm J' now lies over the projection H and the first of the teeth H', the
end of the escapement arm J2 being in contact with the periphery of the wheel H.
Upon the next instroke of the slide A. the projecting portion of the bar G comes
in contact with the shoulder C4 of the block C, and the lever C is caused to
oscillate so that the exhaust valve D on the right hand side of the engine is opened.
It will be seen that on the extreme inward limit of the stroke the trigger J
must again come in contact with the spring buffer K, but in this case no motion
can be imparted to the lever J, the buffer simply being forced in against the
spring. Upon the block C being moved to the rear as just described, the
incline E2 on the link E comes in contact with the roller N, and the bar E is
consequently raised into its inoperative position. Upon the next outstroke of the
slide A the projection.L' on the lever L' comes in contact with the projection H³
on the wheel H, causing the latter to turn to the right so as to lower the bar G
and move forward the bar F into its operative position, at the same time bringing
the detent arm J₁ into such a position that it may engage with the projection H
in consequence of the part H of the wheel H coming beneath the end of the
lever J. The wheel H is thus prevented from turning when the lug F2 comes in
contact with the end of the bar E which has been depressed by the tappet M'
moving the sliding rod M³ in the manner previously described.
The cycle of operations then recommences. It will be clearly understood froni
the above that when the parts in the gear box have assumed the last described
position, that is to say when the bar G is lowered and when the bar F is brought
forward into its operative position, that unless the bar E is forced downward so
that its end may come in contact with the lug F2, the engine will make a complete
revolution without the valves being in any way operated until the next outstroke
of the slide A, during which the bar E is depressed; moreover it will be easily
seen that the depression of the bar E is brought about or not as desired by the
movement of the governor M causing the tappet M to engage with the
projection M on the sliding rod M*.
If the action of the governor M prevents the engagement of the tappet M' with
the notch in the sliding rod M³, the bar E will not be pushed downwards at
the commencement of the cycle of operations and consequently the engine will
perform two revolutions without an explosion taking place.
It
The vaporiser illustrated in Figure 4 is preferably attached to the end R¹ of
the cylinder P with the interior of which it is in direct communication.
comprises a hollow spherical casing Q provided with the flanges Q on its exterior
and short tubular portions Q Q leading to its interior from the opposite side. In
the centre of this casing Q is arranged a metal ball R supported on trunnions R¹.
The tube S leading from the oil pump Of opens into the casing Q through the
tube Q, and terminates in a nozzle provided with one or more pin holes
through the oil is sprayed on to the ball K. The whole vaporiser is enclosed in
a casing T of non-conducting material. The operation of the devices is as
follows;
At the commencement external heat is applied to the casing Q through suitable
openings in the outer casing T, the heat being continued until it is sufficient to raise
the ball R to such a temperature that it will ignite the vaporised oil, when mingled
with a sufficient quantity of air. After the first few explosions have taken place,
the heat generated by these explosious is sufficient to keep the ball R at the
required temperature.

page_text: Other means of vaporising the oil and igniting the same may be employel with
this improved engine.
The valve leading from the oil pump to the vaporiser is spring controlled to
prevent oil being drawn in upon an outward "vacuum" stroke.
If desired in place of the gear box being carried upon a reciprocating slide in
the manner above described, it can be mounted upon a rocking lever, an also if
found convenient the oscillating valve-operating lever C may be replaced by a
rod provided with cani surfaces, and adapted to be reciprocated by the mechanism
in the gear box, so as to cause the valves to be operated by the can surfaces.
In the specification and claims the term "vacuum" stroke is to be taken as
referring to one of those strokes of the engine following the action of the governor
which has prevented an explosive charge from passing into the cylinder. One of
the advantages of this vacuum stroke is that the useless work performed by
the engine drawing air unnecessarily into the cylinder is obviated, moreover
experiment has shown that the engine runs longer after an explosion when on a
vacuum than otherwise.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. In an explosion engine the combination with a reciprocating device such
as A carrying part of the valve gear, of a movable projection such as E in
operative connection with a governor all arranged and operating substantially
as and for the purpose described.
2. In an explosion engine the combination with a reciprocating device such
as A of mechanism which is carried by this device and controls projections such
as F and G adapted to be moved so as to come in contact with the valve lever
and cause the valves to be operated substantially as and for the purpose
described.
3. In an explosion engine the combination with an oscillating lever for
operating the valves, of a reciprocating slide such as A and mechanism for
causing the valve lever to be operated by the slide as required substantially as
described.
4. In an explosion engine the combination with an oscillating valve lever of a
block such as C upon the end of this lever carrying a sliding bar the end of
which may be caused to project into the path traversed by a lug upon the slide A
substantially as and for the purpose described.
66
gear
5. In an explosion engine the combination with a slide such as A of a
box" carried by the slide and containing a wheel such as H and a three armed
lever such as J and sliding bars such as F G substantially as and for the purpose
described.
6. In an explosion engine the combination with an oscillating valve lever such
as C of a block such as C upon the end of the lever and a sliding bar such
as E E' carried by the block C³ and adapted to be raised by an inclined surface
on the sliding bar coming in contact with a fixed roller substantially as and for
the purpose described.
7. In an explosion engine the combination with an oscillating valve lever such
as C of a block such as C upon the end of the lever and a sliding bar such as E E¹
carried in the block C3 and adapted to be lowered by the rotation of a cam
carrying a roller engaging with the sliding bar substantially as described.
8. In an explosion engine the combination with a slide such as A carrying a
"gear box" of a wheel such as H in this "gear box" and a spring controlled
lever such as L adapted to engage with a projection on the wheel H so as to cause
rotation of the latter substantially as and for the purpose described.
9. In an explosion engine, valves loaded to admit of a
"vacuum stroke being
obtained substantially as and for the purpose described.
"

page_text: 10. In an explosion engine the combination with a cylinder, of inlet and exhaust
valves situated beneath the cylinder, an oil pump and an oscillating lever such
as C substantially as and for the purpose described.
11. In a vaporiser for an explosion engine the combination with a casing such
as of a metal ball such as R and a nozzle such as S¹ with or without a casing
such as T enclosing the whole substantially as described.
12. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete valve
gear for explosion engines constructed and operating substantially as described
and illustrated in Figures 1 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 14th day of November 1896.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.