IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING POWER, APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING AND LOWERING OF WEIGHTS AND TO ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE POWER IS REQUIRED
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT. to Thomas Moorc, of South Stockton-on-Tees, in
the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING POWER, APPLICABLE
TO THE RAISING AND LOWERING OF WEIGHTS AND TO ALL OTHER PURPOSES
WHERE POWER IS REQUIRED."
Sealed the 22nd June 1869, and dated the 26th February 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Moore at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th February 1869.
I, THOMAS MOORE, of South Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING POWER, APPLICABLE
TO THE RAISING AND LOWERING OF WEIGHTS AND TO ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE
POWER IS REQUIRED," to be as follows:-
The chief object of my Invention is to overcome certain defects which
exist in machinery now used for similar purposes, and I would par-

page_text: ticularly refer to the Invention of Jonathan Pickering, for which he
obtained Letters Patent on the 3rd April 1867, No. 990.
Now by my improvements I overcome much of the friction created in
the machinery before referred to, and am able to increase the lifting
and lowering power very materially.
The first part of my Invention is as follows:-To a frame which
supports the whole apparatus I forge or cast bosses, on which two lifting
wheels are free to revolve loosely; a spindle passes through the bosses
to the outer end of which I key a hand chain wheel; between the lifting
wheels I place a frame, also keyed or forged to the spindle, and this
frame carries pinions at its outer end, by preference four, but one or
more may be used. The pinions are free to revolve on their own axes,
and at the same time to gear into teeth formed on the lifting wheels.
Thus if motion is communicated to the apparatus by the chain wheel,
and one of the lifting wheels has, for example, sixteen teeth and the other
fifteen, the chain wheel must make thirty-one revolutions to one of the
lifting wheels, and of course this proportion can be varied indefinitely.
In some cases the periphery of the pinion frame or carrier may be used
as the hand chain wheel. Sunken chambers are provided on each of the
lifting wheels for chains, and sometimes I make one chain wheel some-
what larger than the other, so that they may exactly balance. Two
lifting chains are thus provided, one passing over each block with a
hook at each end, and one is raised while the other is down. By the
use of this apparatus the whole weight is distributed throughout, and
one side is not receiving greater strain than the other during its action,
while the heaviest weights may be lifted and lowered or be left sus-
pended without any attendant risk.
The second part of my Invention also relates to apparatus for
obtaining power but where the gear is applied internally, as dis-
tinguished from the previous arrangement where it is applied externally.
In this case I employ, as before, two loose lifting wheels, an eccentric
being keyed to the spindle and placed between the lifting wheels
instead of the frame carrying the pinions, motion being communicated
to the lifting. wheels through teeth on a pinion carried by the eccentric
gearing into the teeth on the lifting wheels.
I have described my Invention with reference particularly to the
raising and lowering of weights, but it is also applicable to other

page_text: purposes, for example, to washing and wringing machines, to lifting
jacks, cranes, winches, and all other machinery where power is required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Moore in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th August 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
MOORE, of South Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of York, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Moore, Her special licence
that I, the said Thomas Moore, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Moore, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING POWER, APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING
AND LOWERING OF WEIGHTS AND TO ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE POWER IS
REQUIRED," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Thomas Moore, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Moore, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the sanie
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-

page_text: panying Drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon, qua
-is to say :-
The chief object of my Invention is to overcome certain defects which
exist in machinery now used for lifting weights and similar purposes,
and I would particularly refer to the Invention of Jonathan Pickering,
for which he obtained Letters Patent on the Third April One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven, No. 990.
Now by my improvements I overcome much of the friction created
in the machinery before referred to, and am able to increase the lifting
and lowering power very materially.
The first part of my Invention is as follows:-To a frame which
supports the whole apparatus I forge or cast bosses, on which two lifting
wheels are free to revolve loosely; a spindle passes through the bosses,
to the outer end of which I key a hand chain wheel; between the lifting
wheels I place a frame, also keyed or forged to the spindle, and this
frame carries pinions at its outer end, by preference four, but one or
more may be used. The pinions are free to revolve on their own axes,
and at the same time to gear into teeth formed on the lifting wheels.
Thus if motion is communicated to the apparatus by the chain wheel,
and one of the lifting wheels has, for example, sixteen teeth and the
other fifteen, the chain wheel must make thirty-one revolutions to one
of the lifting wheels, and of course this proportion can be varied in-
definitely. In some cases the periphery of the pinion frame or carrier may
be used as the hand chain wheel. Sunken chambers are provided on
each of the lifting wheels for chains, and sometimes I make one chain
wheel somewhat larger than the other, so that they may exactly balance.
Two lifting chains are thus provided, one passing over each block with
a hook at each end, and one is raised while the other is down. By the
use of this apparatus the whole weight is distributed throughout, and
one side is not receiving greater strain than the other during its action,
while the heaviest weights may be lifted and lowered or be left suspended
without any attendant risk.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a view in vertical section,
and Figure 2 is a view in side elevation, one arrangement of my
improved machinery or pulley with one side of the frame removed.
A and B are the lifting wheels, and round which the lifting chain or
chains pass. These wheels are free to revolve on bosses a, a, forged to
the frame M. C is a spindle to which the hand chain wheel D is keyed,

page_text: as well as the frame E carrying the pinions F and G. As motion is
communicated to the hand chain wheel D by the endless chain which
passes round same rotary motion is given to the spindle C and frame E
keyed thereto. As this frame E revolves it carries with it the pinions
G and F, which also revolving on their axes and gearing into the teeth
on the lifting wheels A and B thus communicate a rotary motion
thereto, but in contrary directions, and consequently a rising and falling
motion to the chains thereon, and at a much less speed than that at which
the chain wheel D revolves; thus if the wheel B has sixteen teeth and
the wheel A fifteen teeth the hand chain wheel D must make thirty-one
revolutions to one of the lifting wheels. Two pinions G and F are
shown, but four or more may be used, the number being regulated
according to the power the blocks are required to produce or sustain.
Figures 3 and 4 are views of a portion of the apparatus to shew the
application of the chain to the block. Supposing the chain wheel A. to
be in front and the chain wheel B behind the chain A¹ connected to the
bottom hook a passes up and over the wheel A, and down to the upper
hook ; the chain B' leads from bottom hook a, passes over the wheel B,
and down to top hook b; thus the weight is lifted with the chains passing
over both pulleys, no matter which hook may be lifting the weight:
Sometimes, more especially for short lifts, I dispense with one hook, in
which case the chain at one end forms a simple loop.
The second part of my Invention also relates to an improved con-
struction of machinery for obtaining power but where the gear is
applied internally, as distinguished from the previous arrangement where
it is applied externally. In this case I employ, as before, two loose
lifting wheels, an eccentric being keyed to the spindle and placed
between the lifting wheels instead of the frame carrying the pinions,
motion being communicated to the lifting wheels through teeth on a
pinion carried by the eccentric gearing into the teeth on the lifting
wheels.
Figure 5 is a vertical section, and Figure 6 is a side elevation, another
arrangement of my improved machinery or pulley with a portion of the
frame removed showing the gear applied internally, as distingushed
from the previous arrangement where the pinions are applied externally.
According to this arrangement E is an eccentric carrying a pinion F,
which is in gear with teeth on the internal circumference of the wheels
A and B. The action is similar to that before described. Upon motion
:

page_text: being communicated to the hand chain wheel D by the endless chain
which passes round same the spindle C revolves, carrying with it the
eccentric E and pinion F, the teeth of which being in gear with the
teeth on the wheels A and B cause the latter to revolve in contrary
directions, and with them the lifting chains from which the weights to
be lifted or lowered are suspended. By either of these arrangements the
heaviest weights may be lifted and left suspended without risk. Neither
in this block nor in that previously described are there any fixed parts
required to gain leverage or to prevent the load running down.
Figure 7 is a view in plan, and Figure 8 a side elevation of a winch
for a overhead crane shewing the arrangement of external gear described
with reference to Figures 1 and 2 applied thereto. The construction,
arrangement, and method of action is similar to that before described,
and similar parts are marked by similar letters. The winch is shown
mounted or supported on wheels running on rails, motion being com-
municated to the said winch by means of a pulley a¹ on a shaft b
carrying a pinion c in gear with a wheel d on a shaft e, to which one
pair of the running wheels are keyed.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the s
employment of machinery or apparatus for obtaining and applying
power constructed with two loose lifting wheels, and a pinion or pinions
gearing into the teeth of the lifting wheels, the said pinion or pinions
being placed outside or inside the lifting wheels, constructed and
arranged substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Moore, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this 18th day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.