A NEW METHOD OR METHODS OF MANUFACTURING PORCELAIN AND EARTHENWARE BY THE INTRODUCTION OF A MATERIAL NOT HERETOFORE USED IN THE MANUFACTURING OF THOSE ARTICLES
Year: 1800

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
TURNER and JOIN TURNER, of Lane End, in the Parish of Stoke-upon-Trent,
in the County of Stafford, Potters, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, by His most
gracious Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Ninth day of January, in the fortieth year of His reign,
did give and grant unto us. the said William Turner and John Turner, Bis
especial licence that we, the said William Turner and John Turner, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
William Turner and John Turner, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all His said Majesty's Colonies and Planta-
tions abroad, our Invention of "A NEW METHOD OR METHODS OF MANUFACTURING
PORCELAIN AND EARTHENWARE BY THE INTRODUCTION OF A MATERIAL NOT HERETOFORE
USED IN THE MANUFACTURING OF THOSE ARTICLES;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging us, the said William Turner and John
Turner, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature
of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
to cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery, within one calendar month next and immediately after the date
of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Turner and John Turner, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature
of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as
follows, that is to say:-
The principle and nature of our said Invention consists in reducing to a
very fine powder, by grinding in a potter's mill in the same manner as is com-
monly used in grinding flints, but without calcination, a certain stone or stones
or rocky substance commonly called or known in the county of Stafford by
the name or names of "The Tabberner's Mine Rock," "Little Mine Rock," and
"New Rock," or one of them, and using the powder so produced in the manner
herein-after described. This stone or rocky substance is generally found in
the coal mines in the said county of Stafford, between a hard marle and an
ironstone rock, and contains silecious and argillaceous earth, magnesia, lime,
and water. It is of an ash or greyish colour, but when dry becomes whiter,
and if burnt in a potter's oven, with the degree of heat generally used in
burning their wares, becomes very white, without any appearance of fusion.
Any stone or substance corresponding with this description, or of a similar
quality wherever found, and whether known by the name or names of "The
Tabberner's Mine Rock," "Little Mine Rock," and "New Rock," or by any
other name or names, is the material for which we have applied for the said
Letters Patent, and which we mean to appropriate to our own use in the
manufacturing of porcelain and earthenware.
The manner in which we prepare and use the said material in the manufac-
turing of porcelain, after such grinding as before described, is by first washing
and then drying it upon a potter's kiln, commonly called a slip kiln, and after-
wards mixing it with an equal proportion of growan, or Cornish stone, which
growan or Cornish stone is previously calcined, levigated, and dryed, but in
the manufacturing of the larger articles or pieces of porcelain we add a small
portion of flint or silecious earth, which is previously calcined, levigated, and
dryed, in order to give the body of those articles or pieces more solidity, so
that the same may keep their form in the burning; but the flint or silecious
earth so prepared must be used in different proportions, according to the size
of the articles or pieces of porcelain intended to be manufactured, and these
several materials, when mixed with water, are passed through a fine lawne
sieve, and dried to the consistence of the paste generally used in the manufac-
turing of porcelain, and afterwards formed into vessels and other articles, and
then burnt in the usual manner.
The manner in which we prepare and use the said new material in the
manufacturing of earthenware after being ground as before described is, by
mixing it with ground flint or other silccious earth, previously calcined, in

page_text: different proportions, according to the kind or sort of earthenware intended.to
be made, and the degree of heat which the same may require.
The propor-
tions we think the best are from six to ten parts of the said new material to
one part of the flint or silecious earth.
But altho' we have described what we consider as the best proportions of
using the said new material in the manufacturing of porcelain and earthen-
ware, it is expressly to be understood that we do not mean absolutely to
confine it to these proportions, inasmuch as the proportions must necessarily
vary according to the particular article intended to be manufactured.
The advantages arising from the introduction of the said new material into
the manufacture of porcelain as before described are, that from its great
ductility larger pieces of that ware are more easily formed than heretofore, and
are less liable to accidents in the kiln from the moderate degree of heat
required in the burning thereof, as the same may be burnt in the same kiln
and at the same time with the cream-coloured or queen's ware. And also
that by the raw material being found in the same place with the fuel, and
various kinds of fire clays used in the manufactory, a great expence is saved,
and the English manufactory of porcelain and earthenware is thereby rendered
less liable to be rivalled by foreign manufacturies. The porcelain and earthen-
ware produced from the said new material, and manufactured as herein-before
described, may be glazed in the manner generally used in glazing porcelain
and earthenware in the English potteries.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Turner and John Turner have
hereunto set our hands and seals, the First day of February, in the
fortieth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by
of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender
the grace
of the Faith, &c.
W TURNER. (L.s.) JOHN TURNER. (
Signed, sealed, and delivered (being first
0 duly stampt), by the within-named
William Turner, in the presence of
NAT. ATCHESON,
Ely Place, London.
S. HIGEMOOR, his Clerk.
5 Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named John Turner, in the

page_text: aith.
ch' AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same First day of February, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid 'William Turner, and that on the
Third day of February,' in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid John
Turner, came before our Lord the King..in His Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
A Must' Ext in Chancery.
Inrolled the Sixth day of February in the sear above written