An Improvement in the Construction of Mangles.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left. 12th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1896
Date of Application,
7000
Complete Specification Left. 12th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in the Construction of Mangles.
I, JAMES GRAHAM of Balbride Carlogie Road, Carnoustie, Scotland Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This
This invention has for its purpose the correction of a defect in the mechanical
arrangement of mangles as at present made with three or more rollers.
mechanical defect is that the lower roller is fixed in bearings on the gables or
housings and consequently the centre or driven roller rises up when the material to
be operated on is put between the rollers, thereby shifting the driving wheel from
its proper working depth in the teeth of the pinion. The pressure on the material
operated on is also unequally distributed by reason of the driving force pressing
more on the driving end of the roller than on the other end. By the same mechanical
defect the force required to drive the mangle is largely increased.
To remedy this defect the present invention constructs the centre or driven roller
with fixed centres or bearings in the gables or housings and so constructs the centres,
arbors, or bearings of the upper and lower rollers by means of springs, levers or
weights that these rollers shall be free to move up or down to accomodate the
thickness of the material to be operated on. The effect being that any increase
or diminution of pressure is at once equally distributed between and throughout
the upper & lower rollers and that the pressure shall act upon the centre roller
equally in both directions without increasing the friction of the centre roller in or
upon its bearings and without disturbing the incidence of the driving force.
In the case of a spring pressure mangle the upper and lower rollers are centred
in or carried by short levers of straight, or hell crank or other approved form,
which are pivoted or hinged to the gables or housings at one end and at the other
end drawn or pressed together by spiral or other springs adjustable to the pressure
required by hand wheel or other suitable means.
A modification of this method is that the ends of the levers of the upper roller
be connected by a bar and the ends of the levers of the lower roller by another bar
and these bars connected at the centre by a spiral or other spring or these bars
may be replaced by flat springs and these springs connected at the centre by a rod
or link adjustable to the pressure required.
Another modification of this method is that the upper and lower rollers are
centred in bushes which are placed in grooves in the gables or housings free to
move up or down and the bushes of the lower roller are connected by rods or links
to a cross bar placed over the upper roller from which it is kept apart by a flat
spring resting on the bushes of the upper roller, and hand wheel or spiral spring or
other suitable appliance for regulating the pressure.
In the case of mangles constructed with levers and weights the, first modification
above described is carried into effect by attaching the free ends of the levers in
which the upper and lower rollers are centred to crossheads carrying levers of any
required length which are pivoted or bracketed to the gables or housings & provided
with adjustable weights.
ان
In the other modifications the pressure may be put on the bushes of the rollers by
simple levers weighted with adjustable weights at the free ends of such levers.
There may be either a lever, and weight for each end of each roller or one lever
and weight may serve for one end of both rollers with connecting links for

page_text: upper roller on inside of gable and connecting struts for lower roller on outside of
gable.
Other modifications might be suggested but the above are described simply to
show various methods of applying the principle of transmitting all the pressure
equally and at the same time between the upper and lower rollers and from them
to and upon the centre roller.
Dated this 21st day of November 1905
THE COSUCTION O mangles.
JAMES GRAHAM Engineer Balbride Carnoustie Forfarshire do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :―
This invention has for its purpose the correction of defects in the mechanical
arrangement of mangles as at present made. One of these mechanical defects is
that the lower roller is fixed in bearings in the gables or housings, and consequently
the centre or driven roller rises, and very often unevenly up when the material to
be operated on is put between the rollers, thereby shifting the driving wheel from
its proper working adjustment in the teeth of the pinion. The pressure on the
material operated on is also unequally distributed by reason of the driving force
pressing more on the driving end of the roller than on the other end. By the
same mechanical defect the force required to drive the mangle is largely
increased.
To remedy this defect the centre or driven roller is made to revolve in fixed
centres or bearings in the gables or housings. The upper and lower rollers are
pressed against the centre or driven roller by means of springs, levers, or weights,
and are free to move up or down to accommodate the thickness of the material to
be operated on. The effect being that any increase or diminution of pressure is at
once equally distributed between and throughout the upper and lower rollers,
and that the pressure shall act upon the centre roller equally in both directions
without increasing the friction of the centre roller in or upon its bearings.
In the case of a spring pressure mangle, in one method the upper and lower rollers
are centred in or carried by short levers of straight, bell crank, or other approved
form which are pivoted or hinged to the gables or housings at one end, and at the
other end drawn or pressed together by spiral or other springs adjustable to the
pressure required by hand wheel and screw, or other suitable means, as Fig. 3.
A modification of this method is that the ends of the levers of the upper roller
be connected by a bar, and the ends of the levers of the lower roller by another bar,
and these bars connected at the centre by a spiral or other spring, or these bars
may be replaced by flat springs, and these springs connected at the centre by a rod
or link adjustable to the pressure required, as Figures 1 & 2.
Another modification of this method is that the upper and lower rollers are
centred in bushes which are placed in grooves in the gables or housings, free to
nove up or down, and the bushes of the lower roller are connected by rods or links
to a cross bar placed over the upper roller, from which it is kept apart by a flat
spring resting on the bushes of the upper roller, and hand wheel and screw or
other suitable appliance for regulating the pressure, as Fig. 7.
In the case of mangles constructed with levers and weights the first modification
above described is carried into effect by attaching the free ends of the levers in which
the upper and lower rollers are centred to crossheads carrying levers of any required
length which are pivoted or bracketed to the gables or housings, and provided with
adjustable weights, as on Figures 4 & 5.

page_text: In the other modifications the pressure may be put on the bushes of the rollers
by simple levers weighted with adjustable weights at the free ends of such levers.
There may be either a lever and weight for each end of each roller, or one lever
and weight may serve for one end of both rollers, with connecting links for
upper roller on inside of gable, and connecting strut for lower roller on outside
of gable, as Fig. 6.
Other modifications might be suggested but the above are described simply to
shew various methods of applying the principle of transmitting the pressure equally
and at the same time between the upper and lower rollers, and from them to and
the centre roller.
upon
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The making of the centre or driven roller of mangles fixed in centres or
bushes in the framing, and the upper and lower rollers free to move up and
down.
JAS. GRAHAM.