IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUM
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hugh Christie Paterson of Glasgow in the County of
Lanark North Britain for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING
LETTERS PATENT to Hugh Christie Paterson of Glasgow in the County of
Lanark North Britain for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING
SMOKE AND ECONOMISING FUEL IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
7
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hugh Christie Paterson ab
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1882.
'
HUGH CHRISTIE PATERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMISING FUEL IN
STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES,"
"
This Invention which relates to improvements in consuming smoke and in
economising fuel in steam boiler and other furnaces consists in special means or
arrangements for providing for the supply of heated air either below the fire-bars
or at or through the bridge of furnaces or fire-places and it also consists in the
utilization of the waste heat in the flues and ash-pits of such furnaces for the
purpose of heating the air.-The ash-pits of such furnaces in place of being open
as is at present usually the case are closed in and tightly sealed so. as to exclude
as much as possible the admission or entrance of cold air to the fire-grate and to
prevent air from being supplied to the fire or smoke through any channel other
than the pipes or passages through which the air is drawn or forced and becomes
heated in its course.-These pipes or passages are or may be laid in the flues or
closed ash-pit and through the bridge, being provided with an adjusting valve
or cock or regulator for the purpose of governing the amount of air discharged
either below the fuel or at the bridge.-It being, explained that the lower part of
the bridge is closed so that no air can pass therethrough.-In other words no air
passes from or escapes at the bridge excepting through the aperture or apertures
made therein for the discharge of hot air.-The air may be drawn through the
heating pipes or passages or. bridge by the pull or draught of a chimney or it may
be forced therethrough by means of a fan, pump, or steam or other jet.
In addition to supplying heated air below the fire-grate I sometimes for the
purpose of preventing the formation of clinker, inject a little steam below the
fire-bars.

page_text: !
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Hugh Christie Paterson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th June 1883.
HUGH CHRISTIE PATERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMISING FUEL IN STEAM-BOILER
AND OTHER FURNACES".
My said Invention which relates to Improvements in consuming smoke and in
economising fuel in steam-boiler and other furnaces consists in special means or
arrangements for providing for the supply of heated air either below the fire bars
or at or through the bridge of furnaces or fire-places and it also consists in the
utilization of the waste heat in the flues and ash-pits of such furnaces for the
purpose of heating the air. The ash-pits of such furnaces, in place of being open
as is at present usually the case, are closed in and tightly sealed so as to exclude
as much as possible the admission.or entrance of-cold air to the fire-grate and to
prevent air from being supplied to the fire or smoke through any channel other
than the pipes or passages through which the air is drawn or forced and becomes
heated in its course. These pipes or passages are or may be laid in the flues or
closed ash-pit and through the bridge, being provided with an adjusting valve
or cock or regulator for the purpose of governing the amount of air discharged
either below the fuel or at the bridge. It being explained that the lower part
of the bridge is closed so that no air can pass therethrough.-In other words no air
passes from or escapes at the bridge excepting through the aperture or apertures
made therein for the discharge of hot air. The air may be drawn through the
heating pipes or passages or bridge by the pull or draught of a chimney or it may
be forced therethrough by means of a fan, pump or steam or other jet..
In addition to supplying, heated air below the fire-grate I sometimes for the
purpose of preventing the formation of clinker, inject a little steam below the
fire-bars.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I now proceed
more particularly to set forth the system, mode or manner in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings and to the letters and Figures marked thereon that is to
say:-
:
:
Figure 1, represents in longitudinal section a "Lancashire" boiler fitted with
apparatus used in the carrying out of my Invention
Figure 2, is a plan of the same.
Figures 3, and 4, are respectively end elevation and transverse section of the
same.
Figures 5, and 6, are respectively longitudinal section and horizontal section of a
locomotive fire-box. shewing the application of my Invention.thereto.
Figure 7, is a section of apparatus used in connection with my Invention.
My Invention when applied to "Lancashire". boilers as represented. at Figures
1, 2, 3 and 4, is constructed in the following manner. A steam pipe ȧ, is fitted
into the steam chest b, or other suitable part of the boiler c,.and is carried along
the top of the same so that when in operation the steam passing through the
pipe a, is kept hot by its contact with the boiler c. At the end of this pipe a, the
branch pipes d, are attached, which at their ends are fitted with other pipes!e
These pipes e, are connected with the steam jets f, shewn more particularly in
section at Figure 7, and which jets are for the purpose of injecting air and steam

page_text: through the pipes 7, and m, into the furnaces g, or flues h, as hereinafter described.
The jets f, are fitted into the hollow spherical casings i, into which atmospherio
air is admitted through the funnel-shaped inlets j, and at the upper part of the
jets f, there are provided the screw pins k, by the removal of which access to the
interior of the jets f, is obtained for cleaning or other purposes. The jets f, and
their attachments are fitted into the ends of the pipes l, and m, the pipes 7, of
which are provided with the additional open air inlets n.-These pipes, and m,
are passed through the crown of the back flues o, of the boiler setting, and are
carried through the flues h, of the boiler c, whilst the pipes m, are taken into the
ashpits 8; through the brickwork of the bridges q.-The pipes, are provided at
the back of each, bridge q, with the discharge orifice. which is flattened, out to a
sufficient width in the direction of the length of the bridge. The lip r', is provided
for the purpose of preventing the dust or solid matter carried forward by the
draught from falling into and closing the discharge orifice r.-The pipes m, are by
preference perforated at those parts under the fire-bars t, of the furnaces g, and
preferably at their outer sides and at their ends as represented at Figures 1, and 3,
so that any dust or ash falling from the furnace above cannot fall into these
perforations, or these pipes may be open-mouthed. The pipes l, which are provided
(as hereinbefore mentioned) with the additional inlets n, carry the air and steam up
to the bridge q, through the discharge orifice r, at the back of the said bridge q.-
The front ends of the ash-pits 8, are closed in by the doors u, or by any other
suitable means. In operating this apparatus the valve d², provided in the pipe a,
is opened and steam passes along the said pipe a, and through the jets f, and in
doing so, draws in air through the inlets j,-The mixture of steam and air is then
forced through the pipes l, and m, that forced through the pipe l, drawing in an
extra quantity of air through the inlet n,-By the terminations of the pipes 1,
and m, the mixtures of steam and air are injected into the ash-pits 8, and through
the discharge orifice r.-In passing inwards through the pipes 7, and m, the steam
and air are heated by the heat from the outgoing products of combustion in the
tubes or flues h.
In the application of this Invention to locomotive or other analogous boilers,
there are provided as represented at Figures 5, and 6, the openings e¹, in the
bottom of the ash pit v, to which are attached the pipes w, and x, the former of
which has its outlet y, below the fire-bars z, whilst the latter passes to the upper
side of the grate or fire-bars z, having its outlet at a', which is flattened out in the
direction of the length of the bridge. Within the fire box b¹, the bridge c¹, is
fitted preferably in an inclined position.-When in operation air and steam are
injected through the pipes w, and x, to the bridge c², and beneath the fire-bars z.
Under an alternative arrangement for boilers of the type generally known as
locomotive boilers, the pipes w, and x, hereinbefore referred to and shewn at
Figures 5, and 6, Sheet 2, of the accompanying Drawings may, instead of being
arranged wholly beneath the fire grate z, as there shewn, be led from the smoke
box end.of such boilers through the lower tubes or flues thereof to the bridge c³,
and below the fire-bars z.
This alternative arrangement as well as the arrangement shewn at Figures 5,
and 6, may also be applied to Marine boilers.
Lastly, it is to be understood that in place of using jets of steam in the manner
I have hereinbefore described, I may in lieu of steam use jets or sprays of water in
a finely divided state for injecting or inducing the air through the pipes leading
to the bridges or beneath the fire grates or bars of steam boilers or other
furnaces.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the system, mode or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do
not limit myself to the precise form or detail hereinbefore described with reference
to the accompanying Drawings, as the same may be varied in many ways without

page_text: departing from the essential features of my Invention, but what I consider to be
novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is:-
t
The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the entire apparatus as
hereinbefore described and shewn on the annexed Drawings for the purpose of
supplying a constant discharge of heated air at the bridges and beneath the fire-
bars or grates of the furnaces of steam boilers or other furnaces having closed
ash-pits as and for the purposes hereinbefore described or any mere modification
thereof.
In witness whereof I the said Hugh Christie Paterson have hereunto set my
hand and seal this seventh day of June in the year of Our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-three.
"
.HUGH CHRISTIE PATERSON (L.S.)