Improvements in Hardening, Enamel, and similar Kilns.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hardening, Enamel, and similar Kilns.
HENRY CAPEWELL, 26, Saint Ann Street, Hanley, Staffordshire, Potters' Fire-
man, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A new kiln that will economize so that less than one half of fuel is used to
altain the same heat as other kilns now in use; hardening kilns or enamel kilns.
Also the wear and tear of any kiln by fireing is lessened by 400 per cent. Two
fire holes only being used. The construction of bottom of kiln and flues being
entirely new. Six drawings are herewith sent to illustrate the said kiln.
Sheet (1) is the plan of bottom of kiln, A, A showing position of the two fire
holes the shaded portion of plan being cources of brickwork. Sheet 2, D) is eleva-
tion of kiln bottom taken from point B on Sheet 1. E is elevation of end of kiln
marked C on Sheet 1. Sheet 3 is elevation of side of kiln taken from outer casing.
F being height to inner flooring of kiln.
Sheet 4 is elevation of end of kiln G, bottom of fire hole. H position of cooler
at the end of kiln.
Sheet 5 shows the elevation of top of kiln, giving position of dampers and flue,
shaded portions being brickwork, other portions being iron.
Sheet 6 is the plan of top of kiln, shaded portions brickwork. Also showing
holes in outer casing through which the dampers are worked.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1897.
Improvements in Hardening, Enamel, and similar Kilns,
I, HENRY CAPEWELL, of 26, St. Ann Street, Hanley, in the County of Stafford-
shire, Potters' Fireman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the constructions of kilns specially
adapted for those used in hardening and enamelling and known as hardening and
enamelling kilns but also applicable to other kilns used in pottery or like manu-
factures.

page_text: The objects of the invention are economy in the consumption of fuel and
decreased wear and tear of the structure of the kiln from firing.
In carrying out the invention the kiln is constructed with two fire holes placed
one at one end, and the other at one side of the kiln, the floors of the bottom flues
are built with an incline rising from the fire holes inwards; the side-flues are built
about three inches wide being half the width usual in kilns of this character and
the side flues are divided and each compartment provided with an independent
damper to regulate the course of the products of combustion.
In the accompanying drawings is shown a convenient form of kiln constructed
according to this invention.
Figure 1 being a sectional plan on the line 1-1 of Figure 2, which is a longi-
tudinal vertical section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan on the line 3-3 of Figure 2 and
Figure 4 is a vertical cross section on the line 4-4 of Figure 1.
A is the outer wall of the kiln which is rectangular in shape with an arched
roof having an opening A¹ for the escape of the products of combustion; one fire
hole B placed centrally in one end of the kiln, and a second fire hole C at that
end of one side of the kiln most remote from the fire hole B, these and their furnaces
are of ordinary construction.
D is the oven proper D¹ the floor and D2 the side walls and D³ the arched roof
of the same, in it the material to be treated is placed. The walls D2 D3 are placed
at a distance of about three inches from the outer wall A, the space thus provided
forming the vertical flue E which completely surrounds the sides and top of the
oven D, the outer wall A being formed with an inner arch A² to form the upper
part of the outer wall of the flue E. The flue E and the oven are divided vertically
into sections by partition walls F, F.
The arrangement of the flues beneath the oven is shown in plan in Figure 1.
The fire hole B communicates with a main longitudinal flue G divided into two
by a division wall G and having on each side branch flues G2 each branch flue com-
municating with a compartment of the side flue E.
The floor of the flue G is constructed so as to form a gradual incline rising from
the front of the flue backwards as shown at G3, Figure 2, this arrangement
found to improve the draught.
The fire hole C communicates with a cross flue H also divided into two branches
by a division wall H each branch communicating at the back end with a compart-
ment of the side flue E. The floor of the flue H forms an incline from the fire
hole backwards as shown at H2, Figure 4. The flue H is separated from the flue G
and its branches by a division wall H. The division walls G, H, H³ are pierced
by holes G, H4, giving free communication between the different portions of the
flues.
Each vertical section of the flue E has an independent opening E' controlled
by a damper J, these may be of any ordinary construction, preferably, as shown
in Figure 4, they are fixed on hinges J' and worked by a chain Je from the outside
of the kiln.
Within the oven D the walls F are pierced by holes F giving free communica-
tion between its various compartments.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A pottery or similar kiln having two fire holes and flues G and I extended
from the fire holes transversely to each other substantially as described.
2. In a pottery or similar kiln the combination of two fire holes placed as
described with branched flues G and H each branch allotted to a compartment
of the flue E substantially as described.
3. In a pottery or similar kiln dividing the side flues into independent sections
each section controlled by a separate damper substantially as described.

page_text: 4. In a pottery or similar kiln a flue having au inclined floor substantially as
described.
5. A pottery or similar kiln constructed and arranged substantially as described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Data is 5th love of In... 1000
HENRY CAPEWELL.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.