IMPROVE- MENTS IN COMPOUNDS OR COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING OR COVERING IRON OR WOODEN SHIPS AND VESSELS, METALLIC SHEATHING, TELEGRAPH CABLES, AND OTHER OBJECTS, TO PRESERVE THEM FROM DECAY, FOULING, OR OTHER DESTRUCTIVE ACTION
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jesse Gustavus Redman and George Martin, both
of Brompton, in the County of Kent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMPOUNDS OR COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING OR COVERING IRON OR
WOODEN SHIPS AND VESSELS, METALLIC SHEATHING, TELEGRAPH CABLES, AND
OTHER OBJECTS, TO PRESERVE THEM FROM DECAY, FOULING, OR OTHER
DESTRUCTIVE ACTION."
Sealed the 27th May 1864, and dated the 1st December 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jesse Gustavus Redoan
and George Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st December 1863.
We, JESSE GUSTAVUS REDMAN and GEORGE MARTIN, both of Brompton,
in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS OR COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING OR COVERING
IRON OR WOODEN SHIPS AND VESSELS, METALLIC SHEATHING, TELEGRAPH CABLES,
AND OTHER OBJECTS, TO PRESERVE THEM FROM DECAY, FOULING, OR OTHER
DESTRUCTIVE ACTION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in compounds or compo-
sitions for the purpose of coating or covering iron or wooden ships or vessels,
metallic sheathing, telegraph cables, and any other objects, bodies, or struc-
turės, in order to protect or preserve them from decay, corrosion, or fouling
by the action of salt or fresh water or atmospheric influence, or from other
natural destructive action, whether animal; mineral, or vegetable.
We take oxide of copper (ground in water and afterwards dried) from 75

page_text: to 90 parts, oxide of zinc from 30 to 40 parts, oxide of lead from 25 to 40
parts, alumina from 25 to 50 parts, or oxidized brass 150 lbs. instead of the
proportions of copper and zinc as stated above. These proportions are all by
weight. The above ingredients are boiled in 168 lbs. of vegetable pitch and
56 lbs. of mineral pitch; when sufficiently boiled, add to every gallon of the
above one quart of protective varnish and a sufficient quantity of rectified
paptha to thin it for use. To every ten gallons of the above add two quarts
of carbolic acid; when alumina is used the zinc is omitted. The protective
varnish is made by melting together six parts of mineral pitch and four parts
of asphalte (by weight), and thinned for use with a sufficient quantity of
rectified naptha, as is already known.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Gustavus Redman and George Martin in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 1st June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JESSE
GUSTAVUS REDMAN and GEORGE MARTIN, both of Brompton, in the County
of Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Jesse Gustavus Redman and George Martin, Her special licence that we,
the said Jesse Gustavus Redman and George Martin, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Jesse Gustavus Redman
and George Martin, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS OR COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING OR COVERING IRON
OB WOODEN SHIPS AND VESSELS, METALLIC. SHEATHING, TELEGRAPH CABLES, AND
OTHER OBJECTS, TO PRESERVE THEM FROM DECAY, FOULING, OR OTHER DESTRUCTIVE
ACTION," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Jesse
Gustavus Redman and George Martin, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing. under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same was to be performed; and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that we, the said Jesse Gustavus Redman and George
Martin, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
Our Invention consists of certain improvements in compounds or com-
positions for the purposes of coating or covering iron or wooden ships or
vessels, metallic sheathing, telegraph cables, and any other objects, bodies, or
structures, in order to protect or preserve them from decay, corrosion, or
fouling by the action of salt or fresh water or atmospheric influence, or from
other natural destructive action, whether animal, mineral, or vegetable.
In order that our said Invention may be completely understood we proceed
to describe the same, as follows:-
We take oxidized brass, or protoxide of copper ground in water and
afterwards dried, oxide of zinc or alumina, and oxide of lead, and then boil
them in vegetable pitch or a mixture of vegetable pitch and mineral pitch,
vegetable tar, or a mixture of vegetable tar and mineral tar, or vegetable tar
and rosin, or rosin oil and vegetable tar, until the pitch, tar, rosin oil, and
oxides are oxidized and oxidated, and a quick drying metallic varnish is
formed. The metallic varnish may be thinned for use by rectified mineral
naptha, petroleum spirit, or any other cheap spirits, and to every fourteen
gallons of the varnish we add one quart of pure carbolic acid.
The following proportions are what we have found most suitable to form
the metallic compound :-
Oxidized brass
150 to 200 lbs.
Or,
Protoxide of copper
75 to 90
Oxide of zinc
Oxide of lead
30 to
40
25 to
40
"
Alumina
-
25 to 50
33'
When alumina is used, the zinc is omitted.
As an example, we give the proportions of the above ingredients mixed
with pitch :-
Vegetable pitch, cwt. 1, 3 qrs., oxide of copper 75 lbs., oxide of zinc 30lbs.
do.
.. do.
وو
2, 1
do.
do. 90
do.
do. 40,
Or we take a combination of vegetable and mineral pitch in the proportion of
two parts of vegetable to one of mineral.

page_text: When the oxide of lead is used in addition to the copper and zinc, we add
from one to two quarters more of the pitch or mixed pitches, according to the
weight of the oxides used. The same proportions of vegetable tar, or vegetable
tar and mineral tar may be taken as those described for pitch or combined

page_text: which the same is to be performed, we claim and desire to be secured to us
by the herein in part recited Letters Patent the manufacture of the im-
proved compounds or compositions substantially as herein described, and their
applications to the coating or covering of iron or wooden ships and vessels,
of metallic sheathing, telegraph cables, and any other objects, bodies, or
structures, in order to protect or preserve them from decay, corrosion, or
fouling by the action of salt or fresh water or atmospheric influence, or from
any other destructive action, whether mineral, animal, or vegetable, as first
herein stated.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jesse Gustavus Redman and George
Martin, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth
day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-four.
5
Witness,
0
JOHN RALPHI,
Clover Street,
Chatham,
Kent.
JESSE GUSTAVUS REDMAN. (L.S.)
GEORGE MARTIN.
(L.S.)