Year: 1886

page_text: 1, HENRY WILLIAMS OF Gowall Drae Grossman hasgow, Buginese werely acctate
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The first part of my invention relates to improvements in railway trucks for the
conveyance of timber, girders, signal posts and other objects of considerable length
or in other words objects or structures which necessitate for their transmission over
lines of railway the use of three or more trucks to support or convey them. In trucks
as at present constructed such objects or structures are arranged upon beams or
bolsters extending across the trucks and pivoted at or near their centre to the main
framing of such trucks. These bolsters are provided with removable standards or
stanchions at their ends between which the objects or structures to be carried are
retained laterally. It has been found however in practice that in many cases serious
accidents occur when a series of trucks supporting or conveying a long rigid object
or material is passing around a sharp curve, or over diamond crossings for instance,
owing to the lateral leverage exerted upon the truck or trucks between the end ones
carrying the object, due to the bolsters being a fixture in so far as their lateral move-
ment is concerned. It is my main object to obviate these defects and with this in
view I proceed as follows that is to say according to one modification I pivot the cross
beam or bolster to the truck frame in the usual manner but instead of placing the
stanchions or end standards in fixed or determined sockets or holes therein I fit the
same into a plate which is adapted to slide transversely in suitable ways or guides
attached to the bolster or cross beam. In order to facilitate the lateral movement of
such plate I prefer to arrange in the bolster rollers over which the said plate is adapted
to travel. From the above description it will be understood that assuming a structure
which extends over say three trucks is supported upon plates such as above described
and that the end plates most distant in the three trucks are secured from lateral
movement (which may be done by inserting one or more pins or bolts in the said end
plates and bolsters) then lateral strain, by the object being conveyed, upon the middle
truck will be obviated as the plate will be free to slide laterally upon the bolster and
thus effect the object of my invention. Instead of inserting the removable standards
or stanchions in a plate adapted to slide laterally with respect to the bolster I can fix

page_text: such standards or stanchions directly in the cross beam or bolster and form in the
same at or near the pivot pin a laterally extending slot which will permit such bolster
to move bodily with the stanchions transversely. In this case I provide in combination
with such bolster removable wedges which can be fitted into such slot on each side of the
pivot when it is desired to prevent the lateral movement of the bolster as in the end
trucks or removed to permit lateral movement. These wedges are preferably connected
by chains to the bolster as also the stanchions.
Another part of my invention relates to improvements in tarpaulin supports for
railway wagons. My improved support is preferably formed of iron and is hinged so
as to swing on a centre pin secured to a plate at each end of the wagon. The said
support I prefer to make somewhat U-shaped it being of sufficient height when it is
lowered when not to be used that its crown or horizontal portion will fall either upon
the upper surface of the side of the wagon or outside of either side of the wagon. In
the latter case suitable hooks are arranged on the sides of the wagon to receive and
support the said crown portion when lowered. In order to hold the support in a
vertical position when raised I secure to each upright portion of the support a stud
upon which I arrange a loose thimble or sleeve. In combination with this thimble I
employ a plate or L-iron secured to the wagon head. This plate may be either
segmental in form or may be formed on each side of its centre with an inclined surface
over which the said thimble is free to ride. Centrally in such segment or between such
inclines is a depression or recess into which the aforesaid thimble drops when the
support reaches a perpendicular position. In order to permit this thimble to ride up
over the segmental surface or the inclines prior to its dropping into said recess I form
in each of the lower ends of the support a slot through which the pin that secures the
support to the wagon is passed. Or instead of the thimble and recessed plate I can
employ a split pin attached to the wagon by a chain to hold the support in a central
position. My support may be made of flat iron and in such case I prefer to form its
horizontal portion somewhat rounded or cope-shaped in section. I prefer however to
form the support of tubes and to arrange upon the tube forming the horizontal portion
of the support a second tube which is adapted to turn freely as a roller so as to prevent
the tarpaulin being rubbed into holes or damaged when being handled. The end tubes
are suitably curved to meet the tube forming the top of the support and thus obviate
angles at these points. On these bends I shrink rings between which other loose rings
are placed so as to turn around on the bent portion of the end tubes and thereby avoid
friction against the tarpaulin at these parts.
Another part of my invention relates to a washer for locking nuts used in the con-
struction of the bodies of railway trucks and wagons. The said washer is formed of
sheet metal and is convex in cross section gradually rising from its outer edge to the
centre. In the outer edge I form slots in such a manner that the metal at one side of
cach slot is depressed so as to dig into the timber like a saw tooth and give direct
resistance for the washer in any unscrewing motion. On the inner circle of the washer
I also form slots and the metal at the side of these slots is also twisted so as to gag
into the nut or afford such a strong frictional bearing at equally distant points as to
prevent the accidental unscrewing of the nut.

page_text: I, HENRY WILLIAMS of Gowan Brae Crosshill Glasgow, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement reference
being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification :-
--
The first part of my invention relates to improvements in railway trucks for the
conveyance of timber, girders, signal posts, and other objects or structures of consi-
derable length or in other words objects or structures which in their transmission over
railway lines necessitate the use of three or more trucks to support or convey them.
In the use of trucks as heretofore constructed such objects or structures are arranged
upon beams or bolsters extending across the trucks and pivoted at or near their centre
to the main framing of such trucks. These bolsters are provided with removable
standards or stanchions at their ends between which the objects or structures to be
carried are retained laterally. It has been found however in practice that in many
cases serious accidents occur when a series of trucks supporting or conveying a long
rigid object or material is passing around a sharp curve (or over diamond crossings
for instance) owing to the lateral leverage exerted upon the truck or trucks situated
between the two end trucks carrying the object, due to the bolsters being a fixture in
so far as any lateral movement is concerned. It is my main object to obviate such
danger and with this object in view I arrange my improved apparatus as illustrated in
Figures 1 to 6 of the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 is a plan of a portion of a railway truck with one form of my improve-
ments applied thereto and
Figure 2 is a central vertical section of the same.
Figure 3 is a cross section on the line A, B Figure 2 and
Figure 4 is a similar section on the line C, D Figure 2.
The remaining figures are hereinafter described.
In carrying this part of my invention into practice as illustrated in such Figures 1
to 4 I proceed as follows that is to say I pivot the cross beam or bolster a to the truck-
frame 6 in the usual manner but instead of placing the stanchions or end standards c in
fixed or immovable sockets or holes in such bolster I fit the same into a plate d which
is adapted to slide transversely of the truck or wagon in suitable ways or guides e
attached to the bolster a preferably by bolts with countersunk heads. In order to
facilitate the lateral movement of such plate d I prefer to arrange, in suitable recesses
in the bolster, rollers fupon which the said plate is supported and travels. In order
to retain the plate d between the guides or ways ee I prefer to form such plate and
guides with inclined or dovetail surfaces as shewn clearly in Figures 3 and 4.

page_text: gg represent cotter pins which serve to retain the plate d in a central position when
the truck carrying it is not intended to be used as one of the centre trucks between
the two end trucks carrying a load. These cotters are preferably attached to the
bolster by chains. hh represent stops to limit the lateral movement of the plate d and
the stanchions c carried thereby and i represents the pivot-pin for the bolster a.
From the above description it will be understood that assuming a structure which
extends over three trucks is supported upon plates d as above described and that the
end plates most distant on the three trucks are prevented from moving laterally (by
the insertion of the cotter-pins 9 g) then any lateral-strain by the object being
conveyed upon the middle truck will be obviated as the plates d with the stanchions c
are free to slide laterally upon the bolster and thus effect the object of my invention.
Figure 5 is a plan of a portion of a railway truck shewing a modification of the
arrangements above described and
Figure 6 is an elevation of the same.
According to this modification instead of inserting the stanchions c in a plate d as
above described I insert such stanchions directly in the cross beam a and form in the
latter adjacent to the pivot pin i a slot j extending transversely of the truck. This slot
will permit the bolster a to move bodily with the stanchions c transversely. In combi-
nation with the said bolster a I employ the removable wedges which can be pushed into
or through such slot on each side of the pivot pin i when it is desired to prevent the
lateral movement of the bolster a as in the end trucks carrying the load. These
wedges can however be removed on the intermediate truck or trucks. so as to permit
the lateral movement of the bolster and the stanchions or standards carried thereby.
The said wedges are preferably connected to the bolster a by chains and may be
inserted in such bolster lengthwise of the truck as shewn, or they may be inserted on
each side of the pivot i from the top of the said bolster. The stanchions c are also
preferably attached to the bolster by chains. I in some cases provide cup and ball,
castor or other bearings, as at a¹ for instance, which will facilitate the turning motion
of the bolster a as well as the lateral motion of the same when such takes place as in
the arrangement last herein described.
Another part of my invention relates to improvements in tarpaulin supports for
railway wagons. This part of my invention is represented in Figures 7 and 8 of the
drawings which shew in perspective a railway wagon provided with my improved
support. The latter is shewn in Figure 7 in the position it occupies when out of
use and in Figure 8 in its raised position and with the tarpaulin supported thereon.
My improved support m is preferably formed of iron or steel and is hinged or
pivoted so as to swing úpon a centre pin n¹ forming part of or attached to a plate n²
secured to each end of the wagon body n. The said support is preferably made some-
what U-shaped as shewn and its horizontal or crown portion m¹ (when the support is
raised as in Figure 8) is of such a height above the wagon-body that when the support
is lowered such portion m¹ will fall either upon the upper surface of the side of the
wagon as shewn in Figure 7 or upon the outside or inside thereof. In the latter cases
suitable hooks are arranged on the sides or ends of the wagon to receive and support
the said crown m² or the end portions m² when the support is lowered. In order to
retain the support in a vertical or working position when raised I secure to each upright
portion m² of the said support a stud at o upon which I preferably place a loose thimble
or sleeve. This sleeve or stud at o is adapted to slide over a plate or L-iron p secured
to the wagon-head. Such plate may be either segmental or semicircular in form as
shewn in the drawing or may be formed on each side of its centre with an inclined
surface over which the said sleeve or stud is free to ride. Centrally in such segment
or between such inclines I form a depression or recess p¹ into which the aforesaid stud
or sleeve at o drops when the support on being raised becomes perpendicular or assumes
its working position. In order to permit this thimble sleeve or stud at o to ride up over
the plate p prior to its dropping into the recess p¹ I'form in each of the portions m² of
the support a slot m³ through which the pin n' passes. These slots permit the studs or
sleeves at o to be lifted out of the recesses p³ so as to travel over the plates p when the

page_text: support is to be lowered out of working position. From the above description it will
be understood that when it is desired to raise the support for use all that is necessary
is to lift or push it upwards towards the centre of the wagon body and so soon as it
reaches its vertical position the said support will drop and its stud or sleeve at o will
enter the recess p and thus automatically retain such support in such vertical or
working position until it is again raised slightly prior to being lowered.
Instead of employing the recessed plate p and stud or thimble at o for retaining the
support in an upright position I sometimes employ a split pin attached to the wagon
body by a chain or I can employ for such purpose a balanced or spring clutch or claw
secured either to the wagon or the upright parts m² of the support.
My supports may be made mostly of tubular iron as shewn in the drawing or they
may be made of flat iron or steel. In the latter case I prefer to form the horizontal
or crown portion somewhat rounded or cope-shaped in section. Such supports may
however be formed of tubes and upon the portion m¹ I sometimes arrange a second tube
which is adapted to turn freely as a roller so as to prevent the tarpaulin being rubbed
into holes or damaged when being handled. The end tubes are suitably curved to
meet the crown tube so that angles at the junctions of such tubes are obviated. On
such bends I sometimes shrink rings between which I arrange loose rings so as to turn
around on the bends of the tubes and thereby prevent excessive friction against the
tarpaulin at these points. In some cases I so construct the support m that the height
of the part m may be varied. This may be effected by arranging the parts m² m² to
slide telescopically one over the other or by arranging the same to slide one over the
other suitable pins or stops being provided to retain the part m¹ at the desired
elevation.
Another part of my invention relates to a washer for locking nuts used in the
construction of the bodies of railway trucks and wagons. This washer is represented
in plan in Figure 9 and in vertical section in Figure 10. The said washer is formed
of sheet metal and is convex in cross section gradually rising from its outer edge
towards the centre as shewn in Figure 9. In such outer edge I form slots q in such a
manner that the metal at one side of each slot is depressed as at q¹ so as to dig into
the timber like a saw tooth and give direct resistance for the washer in any unscrewing
motion. On the inner circle or central hole of the washer I also form slots r and the
metal at the side of these slots is also twisted at r¹ so as to gag into the nut or afford
such a strong frictional bearing at equidistant points as to prevent the accidental
unscrewing of the nut. Instead of forming slots as at q in the outer circumference of
the washer I in some cases form slight pointed projections thereon at the periphery
such projections being bent downwards so as to grip the timber when the nut is
screwed up.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The combination with the crossbeams or bolsters of railway trucks of a plate
which carries the stanchions or end standards and which is adapted to slide trans-
versely on such bolsters all substantially as above set forth and for the purposes
specified.
Second. The combination with a railway truck for the purposes herein described of
bolsters or cross beams adapted to move transversely substantially as set forth and for
the purposes specified.
Third. The combination with the transversely sliding plate carrying the stanchions,
or with the transversely sliding bolster itself carrying the said stanchions, of the
devices for preventing the transverse movement of such stanchions when desired
substantially as herein set forth.
Fourth. A tarpaulin support for railway wagons so constructed and arranged that
on being raised and brought to its working position it automatically locks itself
substantially as herein set forth.
Fifth. A tarpaulin support for railway wagons, whose crown or horizontal portion

page_text: when lowered falls upon the upper surface of the side of the wagon or upon hooks or
stops attached to the body of the said wagon substantially as herein described.
Sixth. A tarpaulin support for railway wagons whose parts m² (having the slots m³
embracing the pins n¹) are provided with a stud or stud and sleeve at o adapted to
travel over the plate p and to drop into a recess p¹ in such plate and be disengaged
therefrom substantially as herein set forth and for the purposes specified.
Seventh. A tarpaulin support pivoted to a railway wagon as herein set forth and
adapted to be held in its upright or working position by a pin or cotter or other means
as specified.
Eighth. A tarpaulin support whose crown or horizontal portion m¹ is surrounded by
a tube or roller and whose bends between the parts m¹ and m² are surrounded by
anti-friction rings substantially as herein set forth.
Ninth. A washer for locking nuts having its periphery and central aperture toothed
or notched substantially in the manner and for the purposes specified.