CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING GLAZED OR SMOOTHED SURFACES ON PAPER AND OTHER VEGETABLE FABRICS
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hogg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act).
J, JAMES HOGG junior, Publisher, of Number 4, Nicolson Street,
Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING GLAZED OR
SMOOTHED SURFACES ON PAPER AND OTHER VEGETABLE FABRICS" to be as
follows:-
The construction of improved machinery whereby an economical
and successful mode is obtained of glazing or smoothing the surfaces
of. paper and other vegetable fabrics thus: The paper or other
vegetable fabric which is to be glazed or smoothed is introduced
between endless sheets of copper, revolving upon cylinders under
pressure, which copper sheets are, however, also submitted to the
pressure and friction of other smaller cylinders having a recipro-
cating motion given to them, by which they are moved in a direction
endlong to their axes, and receive also at the same time a rotary

page_text: motion from the said endless sheets of copper passing between them
impelled by the larger cylinders which have a purely rotary motion.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the accompanying Drawings, various
representations are given of the means for carrying out the object of
the Invention. In these representations Figure 1, is a side view;
Figure 2, is a plan view; and Figure 3, is an end view. The
machine is constructed of various dimensions according to the size
of the paper or other vegetable fabric which it is required to glaze or
smooth. a, a, a, is the frame or cheeks of the machine. 6, 61, 61, 61,
are four cylinders carrying c, c¹, the two endless copper sheets
between which the paper or other vegetable fabric is to be passed. d¹,
to d¹, are smaller cylinders arranged in two series, each consisting of
eight. They receive a rotary motion from the copper sheets, and arc
also driven with a reciprocating motion in a direction endlong to
their axes by the shafts e, el, ell, ell, carrying the cams or eccentrics
fto f2. Each cylinder is at the ends of its shafts in juxtaposition
with two cams or eccentrics, one at either side of the machine, which
cams or eccentrics are all so arranged, that when the cam at one
side of the machine has, by the revolution of its larger radius, pushed
the shaft so far as it can, then the larger radius of the cam working
on the shaft at the opposite side of the machine comes simulta-
neously into action, and returns the shaft, and so on. And farther
cach shaft e, e¹, ell, e¹¹¹, carries respectively every alternate cam or
eccentric, with its larger radius fixed exactly in the reverse position
from the next cam or eccentric on the same shaft. These positions
of the cams or eccentrics are shown on the shafts e, e¹, in the plan
view, Figure 2. By the provision last mentioned, each alternate
pair of cylinders make their endlong travel in the opposite direction
from the neighbouring pair, the object of which is to steady the
path of the endless copper sheets, with the paper or other vegetable
fabric between them, in order that the said copper sheets may not
tend to quit their proper position on the larger cylinders b, b¹, b", "
To withstand friction, the shafts of the cylinders d', to d¹6, are tipped
at each end with gun metal, for while the extreme ends of the shafts
are in juxtaposition with the cams cr eccentrics f¹, to f², by which

page_text: they are driven in the endlong reciprocating manner already men-
tioned, the cylinders themselves are also at the same time rotating
by contact with the endless copper sheets as already described. g, g',
are rollers with axes sliding in grooves, and wrought by screws, for
keeping the endless copper sheets tight when by the continuous
pressure between the cylinders, they become slack on the larger cy-
linders. h,,,, are rollers covered with cloth, which, by friction
against the endless copper sheets (c, c¹), cleanse them from particles
of dust or other dirt which may be prejudicial to the surfaces of the
paper or other vegetable fabric. i, i, are cross shafts at ends of
machine communicating motion to shafts e, e¹, which again, by wheels
k, k³, gearing into similar wheels, give motion to the shafts e", e".
One of the cross shafts i, 2¹, carries the driving riggers 1, 1', which
are fast and loose, and by which motion is communicated to the
whole machine. Instead of these riggers, the shaft i, or i¹, may
be geared with a direct shaft from the source of power.
m, m¹,
are pinions upon cross shafts i, i, for gearing into wheels n, n', on
larger cylinders b, 61, which may also, if desired for some machines,
gear into similar wheels on lower cylinders 61, 61, for driving them,
but this is not necessary. 0, 0¹, o¹¹, bevel gear, also upon cross shafts,
,, working into similar wheels, marked p,p,p, upon the shafts e, c¹.
7,2', are the parts shown of levers, which give the pressure by
weights to the larger cylinders 6,61,611, 111 21, to 10, are strong volute
springs, giving pressure to the smaller cylinders d¹, to d¹ s, to 16,
are screws let into frame d, d, for regulating the springs, to 16,
but the pressure may be given to any or all of the cylinders, either
by the means just mentioned, or by springs, screws, or levers. If
by springs, then they are applied as described and shown in the
Drawing; if by screws or levers, they are applied as in ordinary
calenders. Any of the cylinders may also be made hollow, for the
adinission of steam, if for some purposes it is desired. And it is
also to be understood, that the number of the smaller cylinders may
be increased or diminished, along with their accompanying mecha-
nism, according to the quality of the glaze or smoothness which it
is desired to impart to the paper or other vegetable fabric. The

page_text: patentee prefers two series, cach consisting of eight, for a machine
of the size shown.
The paper or other vegetable fabric is to be fed either singly or
in a limited number of sheets or layers, at one end of the machine,
into the revolving endless sheets of copper c, c', and between the
larger cylinders b, b¹, after receiving pressure from which it passes
between the two series of other cylinders d', to d, and finally
passing betwixt the second pair of larger cylinders 61, 6, at the other
end of the machine, it issues in a glazed or smoothed condition.
A modification of the machinery may be employed by substituting
for the endless copper sheets (c, c'), and the tightening cylinders
(g, g¹), two long sheets or rolls of sheet copper revolving with the
larger cylinders b, 61, 61, 6111, the ends of which sheets or rolls are
respectively clasped into longitudinal slits in the circumferences of
four cylinders, two for each sheet or roll, which cylinders take the
place of the tightening cylinders shown in the Drawings. Each pair
of these cylinders gear together, and one cylinder of each pair is
connected by a driving belt with a pulley on the shaft i, or ¹. To
the shaft i, or ¹, instead of a continuous rotary motion, there is
then given a reciprocating motion as in an ordinary reversing
calender or rolling machine. Of this reciprocating motion the
whole machine partakes, and the long sheets or rolls of copper are
alternately wound and unwound around their respective cylinders,
to which their ends are clasped as above described. As a con-
sequence of this modification, the paper or other vegetable fabric
which is to be glazed or smoothed is alternately fed and issued at
either end of the machine.
Another modification of the machinery is employed by with-
drawing entirely the shafts e¹, e11, from each side of the machine, by
which the lower series of cylinders do, to d¹, receive only a rotary
motion from contact with the copper sheets, while the upper series
d', to do, are driven with the reciprocating endlong motion and the
rotary motion combined, as previously described and shown in the
Drawings.
The patentec claims, firstly, the mode of glazing or smoothing

page_text: the surfaces of paper and other vegetable fabrics by pressing the
material between or under cylinders driven under pressure with a
motion of a reciprocating nature, and endlong to the direction of
their axes, and having also combined a rotary motion derived from
friction as above described; and, secondly, the arrangement and
application of the several mechanical contrivances above described,
when combined to form the machine herein-before mentioned, by
which contrivances the paper or other vegetable fabric is glazed or
smoothed.