CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH LOOMS FOR WEAVING VARIOUS DESCRIPTIONS OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
MUNN, of Stackstead's Mill, near Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of January, in
the twelfth year of Her reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-nine, did give and grant unto me, the said Robert
Munu, my exors, adññors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Robert Munn, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter, during the term of years therein mentioned, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion
of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of " CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH LOOMS FOR WEAVING VARIOUS
DESCRIPTIONS OF TEXTILE FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent there is con-
tained a proviso requiring that I, the said Robert Munn, shall particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Munn, do hereby declare that the nature and particulars of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
set forth and ascertained in and by this present instrument in writing, and the
two sheets of Drawings hereto annexed, the figures upon which Drawings are
mado to the scale or proportionate size marked thereon, and the letters of
reference made use of to indicate a particular part or parts exhibited in any
one Figure are also made use of to indicate the same part or parts in other
Figures wherein the same are exhibited, that is to say:-
My Invention, which is applicable to looms whether worked by hand or
power," consists in subjecting the cloth or woven fabric to an artificial
process, or certain artificial processes, whereby it is effectually cleansed and
purified from all "shell," "leaf," and other extraneous matters with which it
is largely impregnated, and which extraneous matters have escaped the action
of the preparation machinery to which the fibrous materials of which the
fabric is composed were previously submitted. This cleansing process I
effect by means of a cylindrical roller or rollers placed transversely of the
loom between the breast beam and the cloth beam, which roller or rollers, as
a single or any number of rollers may be used upon one or both sides of the
cloth simultaneously, I cover with a surface of ground glass, emery, sand, or
other abrasive materials capable of acting as detergents when brought in
contact with the surface of the woven fabric. The contact of the fabric with
the roller, and the amount of friction resulting from such contact, I regulate
by means of a bar or rod extending across the loom transversely, and adjusted
by set screws at convenience. To these rollers, or any of them, rotation is
imparted by any convenient system of leverage connected with the working
parts of the loom. In certain cases, and with certain descriptions of fabrics,
'a roller or rollers, armed with bristles, whalebone, or other substances of
which brushes are ordinarily made, may be substituted for or employed in
conjunction with the roller or rollers before mentioned, or a roller or rollers
with polished surfaces may be used to the finer descriptions of goods, or any
one of these varieties, or all of them, may be used separately or together, as
determined by practise to be the best. In the annexed Drawings shewing
the application of my Invention to power looms, the ordinary and well-known
parts of such looms are drawn in outline only, while the novel arrangements
relating to my Invention are shaded in color.
In the front elevation of the loom, Drawing No. 1, the cloth or fabric is
slightly tinted, while in the other Figures it is represented by red lines. In
Drawing No. 1 I have shewn the application to a loom of a single roller
coated with abrasive materials, for the purpose of cleansing the fabric

page_text: upon one side only. A, A, is the framing of the loom. B, is the breast beam,
and C is the cloth beam. D is the cylindrical roller covered with ground
glass, emery, or sand, &c., and with which the surface of the woven fabric
or cloth E is in contact. Upon the axis of the roller D is placed the ratchet
wheel F, which is acted upon by the catch H and bent lever G, whose
fulcrum is at I. The longer arm of the lever G is vibrated by the rotation of
the pin or stud J projecting from the lever K, which is fastened upon the
ordinary tappet shaft of the loom L. As the longer arm of the lever G rises
and falls with each revolution of the tappet shaft L, the shorter arm of the
lever receives an amount of vibration sufficient to cause the catch H to
advance or gather one or more teeth, as may be required, upon the ratchet
wheel F, thereby imparting a slow rotation to the roller D. M is a rod
extending transversely across the loom, and adjusted by means of the set
screws N, N, one of which is placed in each of the frames O, O. This rod
M presses against the fabric E, and by adjusting the screws N, N, the contact
of the fabric with the roller D, and the friction necessary to cleanse it effec-
tually are regulated. O, O, are two castings or frames which support the
roller D and its appurtenances, and are secured to the breast beam B in any
convenient manner. P and Q are two boards sliding in grooves in the frames
0, 0, protecting the roller D from injury, and forming a receptacle for the
extraneous matters gathered from the cloth or fabric.
In Figure 4, Drawing No. 2, this arrangement is shewn in a detached view,
by which the action of the stud J upon the lever G will be more readily under-
stood.
Figure 5 shews an arrangement by which the catch H is made to impart
rotation to the ratchet wheel F and roller D in a contrary direction to that
before exhibited, the contact of the catch F with the ratchet wheel D being
rendered constant by the elastic action of the small spring z. Figure 6 shews
an arrangement similar to that delineated in Drawing No. 1, with the addition
of a knife or blade R. extending the length of the roller D, and clearing it
from the accumulation of dirt and extraneous matters gathered upon it by its
contact with the cloth.
Figures 7 and 8 shew an arrangement of two rollers for cleansing the
cloth upon both sides. D and D' are two rollers covered with abrasive
materials, and revolving in studs upon the loom side. Q, Q, are two levers
vibrating on the loom side. One only of these levers Q¹ is seen in Figure 7.
These levers are connected by transverse rods R', R². The contact of the
rollers D and D¹ with the surface of the fabric is regulated by means of
adjusting screws and nuts s, s. The screws are attached to the lower arms
of the levers Q, Q, by which means the rod rods R', R, are made to carry

page_text: the fabric E beyond the range of contact with the rollers D, D', which latter
can likewise be adjusted to cleanse the fabric with the nicest precision. With
this arrangement I place two catches H and H¹ upon the upright arm of the
lever G, which catches act upon the ratchets F, F', which latter are severally
placed upon the axes of the rollers D and D', and to which a slow rotation
is thereby imparted.
Figure 9 shews a modified arrangement for driving the roller D. The
ratchet wheel and its appendages are dispensed with, and a pulley is placed
upon the axis of the roller D, to which pulley motion is imparted from the
pulley V upon the tappet shaft L, by an endless strap or band U, the apparatus
for adjusting the contact of the fabric with the roller being as before
described. In Figure 10 a circular brush W is substituted for the roller D,
to which brush motion is imparted by any of the before-described arrange-
ments, the contact of the fabric with the brush being regulated according to the
methods set forth in relation to the roller D.
Figures 11 and 12 exhibit arrangements for driving two rollers similar to
that described in relation to Figures 7 and 8, but in this case the roller D is
coated with a coarser description of materials from the finishing roller D³, so
that any of the finer particles of "shell," "leaf," or other extraneous matters
which may have escaped the action of the roller D will be taken therefrom
by the roller D, or the roller D³ may have a polished surface of wood or
metal in order to impart a gloss or finish to the surface of the fabric, or it
may be heated by any convenient process, and thereby produce a glazed
surface on the cloth.
Having now fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention
of certain Improvements in Looms and in the Apparatus connected with
Looms for weaving various Descriptions of Textile Fabrics, and having shewn
several methods of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
understood that I do not claim as of my Invention any of the ordinary and
well-known parts of such looms which I have exhibited and described in order
to explain my Invention, but what I claim as new and of my Invention are,—
Firstly, the application of a roller or rollers placed transversely of the loom,
or in the direction of the width of the fabric from selvage to selvage, such
roller or rollers being coated with a surface of ground glass, emery, fine sand,
or other materials capable of acting as detergents when brought into contact
with the surface of the fabric, and cleansing it from any impurities which may
remain therein, such rollers or single roller acting independently of the ordinary
taking-up motion, or the rollers connected therewith.
.
Secondly, the application of a series of two or more rollers coated with
ground glass, or emery, &c., the roller or rollers nearest to the breast beam

page_text: being covered with ingredients of a coarser description than those with which
the rollers nearer to the cloth beam are covered.
Thirdly, the application of a roller or rollers coated with bristles, whalebone,
or other materials of which cylindrical brushes are usually made and used
for the purpose of cleansing the cloth or fabric, as before described.
Fourthly, the application of a polished roller or rollers, made of any descrip-
tion of metals or materials, heated by artificial means or otherwise, and
placed in contact with the surface or surfaces of the fabric, imparting thereto
a corresponding degree of finish and lustre.
Fifthly, the methods of imparting rotation to these rollers, or any of them,
by any convenient system of leverage, whose action is effected from any of the
working parts of the loom, as illustrated and described.
The whole of which being to the best of my knowledge and belief new, and
never before practised within that part of Her said Majesty's United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I deliver this as my true and faithful
Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Munn, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of July, in the year
of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid Robert Munn came before our said Lady the
Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute made for that purpose.