Improvements in or relating to Incandescent Gas Lighting.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 19th July, 1898
Complete Specification Left, 27th Sept., 1898-Accepted, 19th Nov.,
1898
Improvements in or relating to Incandescent Gas Lighting.
A communication from ERNST SALZENBERG, of Crefeld, in the Kingdom of
Prussia.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in or relating to incandescent gas
lighting, whereby a ball-shaped light is produced emitting its rays radially in
all direction in a uniform manner.
The use of gas at a high pressure has been suggested in connection with an
incandescent body, said body being strengthened and enclosed in a
netting of
incombustible threads which also secures it to the burner. An excellent light
is obtained in this way, but as a result of experiments it has been discovered that
by imparting to the mantle a more or less spherical shape-instead of the ordinary
substantially cylindrical shape a "ball" light is formed whereby a very great
improvement in lighting effect is produced.
This invention therefore consists in the use of gas under pressure,--prefer-
ably at least 1 atmosphere or more in excess of ordinary atmospheric pressure--
in combination with an incandescent body having a spherical or somewhat
spherical shape, or, which, owing to its construction, is caused by the high
pressure gas to assume a shape enabling the light to have a more or less "ball"
shape.
The use of high pressure gas has been already mentioned by others for
increasing the illuminating power of incandescent gas light, but the pressure
suggested has always been very small, only a fraction of an atmosphere, as the
well known and generally used incandescent bodies could not withstand a higher
pressure, and as, owing to the wideness of the meshes of the incandescent fabrics,
a higher pressure did not result in a higher illuminating power.
As the shape
of the incandescent body was not changed, only the horizontal radiations peculiar
to incandescent gas light was attained. A suggestion has been made to secure
the incandescent body to a platinum wire netting surrounding it for the purpose
of increasing its strength, but its object was to protect the incandescent body
against breakage from shocks and vibration.
To carry the present invention into effect, the pressure of gas at the place
where it is produced, or used, or in central stations in the areas to be illuminated,
is brought to preferably at least one atmosphere above ordinary atmospheric
pressure by means of pumps or other suitable devices, the pressure being made
correspondingly higher in case the gas has to pass through long conduits, the gas
being supplied to the burners through suitable reducing valves, in order to
ensure a uniform and constant pressure. The burners may be of well known
construction, but .the incandescent bodies are made with as small a mesh as

page_text: possible. When ordinary incandescent bodies, made of impregnated fabric, are
employed, two or more may be superposed one over the other, so that the meshes
of one are covered, or partly covered, by the threads of another, and in this way
narrow passages or meshes are produced. Or, still simpler, fabrics with very
small meshes may be employed, for manufacturing the incandescent bodies.
These bodies are secured to the burner by means of incombustible threads of
asbestos or the like or by means of wire or the like, so that the high pressure
gas cannot blow the light incandescent bodies off the burner. The means of
securing these must however, admit of the shape and circumference of the incan-
descent body being altered to a more or less spherical shape when it becomes
inflated by or subjected to the pressure of the gas.
While incandescent bodies of the usual type under a normal gas pressure
become intensely incandescent only at their central part, and their illuminating
power decreases towards the top and bottom, and the light from the strongly
incandescent parts radiates, chiefly in a horizontal direction and an unpleasant
and uneven light is produced, the light according to this invention has a ball
shape and is uniformly radiated in all directions, the force of expansion of the
escaping gas after leaving the burner, acting from a point at some distance
above the top of the burner and imparting to the mantle a more or less spherical
shape, the whole surface of the incandescent body being substantially uniformly
incandescent, the light itself being very mild and pleasant to the eye. At the
same time its illuminating power is considerably increased, being about 20 times
as strong as that given by the ordinary mantles, with the ordinary gas pressure.
An incandescent gas light which, with the normal gas pressure is of about 50
to 60 candle power, gives, with the process according to this invention an illu-
minating effect equal to about 1000 to 1200 candles.
The term "incandescent mantle" is intended to cover à mantle adapted to
become incandescent under the action of a flame and the terms
"spherical
"ball shaped
ог
include forms approximating to such shapes, as for instance a
pear shape or egg shape.
24
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Incandescent Gas Lighting.
A communication from ERNST SALZENBERG, of Crefeld, in the Kingdom of
Prussia.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:
-
This invention relates to improvements in or relating to incandescent gas
lighting, whereby a ball-shaped light is produced emitting its rays radially in
all directions in a uniform manner.
The use of gas at a high pressure has been suggested in connection with an
incandescent body, said body being strengthened and enclosed in a netting of
incombustible threads which also secure it to the burner. An excellent light
is obtained in this way, but as a result of experiments it has been discovered that
by imparting to the light a more or less spherical shape instead of the ordinary

page_text: "
light is formed whereby a very great
substantially cylindrical shape a
ball"
improvement in lighting effect is produced.
This invention therefore consists in the use of gas under pressure-prefer-
ably at least 1 atmosphere or more in excess of ordinary atmospheric pressure-
in combination with an incandescent body having a spherical or somewhat
spherical shape, or, which, owing to its construction, is caused by the high
pressure gas to assume a shape enabling the light to have a more or less "ball"
shape.
The use of high pressure gas has been already suggested by others for
increasing the illuminating power of incandescent gas light, but the pressure
suggested has always been very small, only a fraction of an atmosphere, as the
well known and generally used incandescent bodies could not withstand a higher
pressure, and as, owing to the wideness of the meshes of the incandescent fabrics,
a higher pressure did not result in a higher illuminating power.
As the shape
of the incandescent body was not changed, only the horizontal radiations peculiar
to incandescent gas light was attained. A suggestion has been made to secure
the incandescent body to a platinum wire netting surrounding it for the purpose
of increasing its strength, but its object was to protect the incandescent body
against breakage from shocks and vibration.
To carry the present invention into effect, the pressure of gas at the place
where it is produced or used or in central stations in the areas to be illuminated,
is brought to preferably at least one atmosphere above ordinary atmospheric
pressure by means of pumps or other suitable devices the pressure being made
correspondingly higher in case the gas has to pass through long, conduits, the gas
being supplied to the burners through suitable reducing valves, in order to
ensure a uniform and constant pressure. The burners may be of well known
construction, but the incandescent bodies are made with as small a mesh as
possible. When ordinary incandescent bodies, made of impregnated fabric, are
employed, two or more may be superposed one over the other, so that the meshes
of one are covered, or partly covered, by the threads of another, and in this way
narrow passages or meshes are produced. Or; still simpler, fabrics with very
small meshes may be employed for manufacturing the incandescent bodies.
These bodies are secured to the burner by means of incombustible threads of
asbestos or the like or by means of wire or the like, so that the high pressure
gas cannot blow the light incandescent bodies off the burner. The means of
securing them must however admit of the shape and circumference of the incan-
descent body being altered to a more or less spherical or spheroidal shape when it
becomes inflated by or subjected to the pressure of the gas.
While incandescent bodies of the usual type under a normal gas pressure
become intensely incandescent only at their central part, and their illuminating
power decreases towards the top and bottom, and the light from the strongly
incandescent parts radiates, chiefly in a horizontal direction and an unpleasant
and uneven light is produced, the light according to this invention has a ball
shape and is uniformly radiated in all directions, the force of expansion of the
escaping gas after leaving the burner, acting from a point at some distance
above the top of the burner and imparting to the mantle a more or less spherical
shape, the whole surface of the incandescent body being substantially uniformly
incandescent, the light itself being very mild and pleasant to the eye.
same time its illuminating power is considerably increased, being about 20 times
as strong as that given by the ordinary mantles, with the ordinary gas pressure.
An incandescent gas light which, with the normal gas pressure is of about 50
to 60 candle power, gives, with the process according to this invention an illu-
minating effect equal to about 1000 to 1200 candles.
65
At the
The term "incandescent mantle" is intended to cover a mantle adapted to
become incandescent under the action of a flame and the terms spherical" or
"ball shaped" include forms approximating to such shapes, as for instance a
pear shape or egg shape.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-
_
A spherical or ball shaped incandescent gas light emitting its rays radially
by using gas under pressure of one atmosphere or more in combination
with an incandescent mantle having a spherical shape, or which owing to its
construction is caused by the high pressure gas to assume a shape enabling the
light to have a ball shape.
Dated this 27th day of September 1898.
ERNST SALZENBERG.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.