IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF MANURE
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Brown, of the City of Carlisle, Merchant,
and John Brown, of Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION
OF MANURE."
Sealed the 25th September 1858, and dated the 29th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Brown and John
Brown at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th March 1858.
We, ISAAC BROWN, of the City of Carlisle, Merchant, and JoпN BROWN, of
Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR
PRODUCTION OF MANURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved preparation to be used as a manure,
and consists in the application and use of sulphuretted carbon, which is to be
mixed with ordinary Peruvian and all kinds of guano, in lieu of the ordinary
charcoal hitherto used for the purpose of improving its fertilizing properties
and for dissolving ground bones and bone dust.
The great advantages derived from this admixture are, that a manure is
obtained containing a greater amount of ammonia and soluable phosphates than.
any other manure at the same price, whilst the carbonaceous matter will act
beneficially as an absorbent to the whole, and a distributor of the fertilizing-
matter to the plant.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isaac Brown and John Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ISAAC
BROWN, of the City of Carlisle, Merchant, and JOHN BROWN, of Notting Hill,
in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Isaac Brown and John Brown, Her special license that
we, the said Isaac Brown and John Brown, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Isaac Brown and John Brown, our
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OR PRODUCTION OF MANURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Isaac Brown and John Brown, by an instrument in writing under our
Lands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Isaac Brown and John Brown, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates to the application and use of a peculiar preparation
to and in the treatment of existing manures, and to and in the manufacture or
production of manure, whereby a superior fertilizing agent is obtained by the
conversion of the volatile ammonia into a fixed salt, and rendering the
phosphates soluble.
In carrying out our Invention, we employ a compound which we term
"sulphuretted carbon," prepared by mixing sulphuric acid and charcoal in
proportions suited to the nature of the manure or fertilising agents to which
this mixture or compound is to be applied; the admixture of the compound

page_text: thus obtained with guanos, fixes the volatile ammonia contained therein, and
renders the phosphates soluble, at the same time it improves the fertilizing
properties of such manures and reduces the cost one-third. We also apply this
mixture ("sulphuretted carbon") to the dissolving of ground bones, bone dust,
and other substances containing phosphate of lime for the purpose of manures.
The carbonaceous matter thus combined with the manure, acts beneficially as
an absorbent to the whole, and a distributor of the fertilizing matter to the
plant. Although we prefer to use sulphuric acid in the preparation of the
"sulphuretted carbon," yet we do not confine or restrict ourselves to that acid,
as any acid which is found to have the like effect upon animoniacal matter
and phosphate of lime, when conveyed through the medium of charcoal, or
any other carbonaceous matter may be employed and constitutes our said
Invention.
In witness, whereof, I, the said Isaac Brown, on behalf of myself and the
said John Brown, have hereunto set my hand and seal this Twenty-
seventh day of September, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight..
ISAAC BROWN. (L.S.)