Improvements in Apparatus for Ornamenting or otherwise Working Wood and the like.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Oct., 1894-Accepted, 24th Nov., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Ornamenting or otherwise Working
Wood and the like.
We JOSEPH JONES of Cambrian Steam Saw Mills, Timber Merchant, and
ANDREW LEACH of Oakfield Terrace, Llanidloes Road, Machine Joiner, both of
Newtown in the County of Montgomery, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The principal object of this invention is to construct improved revolving cutter
blocks, or tool holders, having each two faces to hold the cutters or tools, on an
angle or "skew" for cutting moulds and the like across the grain of the wood (or
in any desired direction with regard to the grain of the wood) to be used in a
baluster or a thirming machine or the like; or for ornamenting the faces of
timber, and for turned work such as balusters, newel posts and the like either
square, octagonal, round, or of any other regular or irregular form, or for similar
uses other than stop-chamfering.
The principal novel feature of this part of our invention relates to the cop-
struction of cutter blocks or tool holders to hold the cutters or tools on an angle
or "skew" so as to give the wood a "sliving" or slicing out and consequently to
avoid the risk of chipping and tearing the wood, and also taking a cleaner cut as
well as increasing the output. We also employ adjustable shouldering cutter
blocks in combination with the above as hereinafter described.
Such being the nature and object of our invention the manner in which the same
is to be performed or carried into practical effect will be readily understood on
reference to the annexed four sheets of drawings marked with figures and letters
of reference corresponding with those in the following explanation thereof.
Fig. 1 Sheet 1 of the drawings is a front elevation of a shaft A for use in a
thirming or a baluster making machine and the like, with our improved cutter
blocks or tool holders attached thereto.
Fig. 2 is an end view of the same with shouldering blocks and cutters also
attached.
Fig. 3 is a side view of a detached cutter block, and Fig. 4 is an edge view of
the same with the faces "a "inclined right and left.
$6
Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate other forms of the same.
In the first place to make it more clearly understood what we mean by a
sliving" cut, herein before referred to, it will be observed that the leading part b¹
of the cutter "&" (see Fig. 2) in the line of revolution is nearer to the centre of the
shaft, and consequently enters the timber at the highest part of the mould, the
after part of the cutting edge cutting downwards to the lowest part of the mould
in a slanting direction; this cut therefore differs from that usually made by ordinary
cutter blocks with cutters secured on the flat.
In further reference to our improved cutter blocks (see Figs. 3, +, 5 and 6) we
wish to explain that they are made with their faces a inclined right and left; as
for instance (see Fig. 4) the cutter blocks B and C are exactly the same only
reversed; so also are cutter blocks E and F (Fig. 5) and G and H (Fig. 6).
For cutting sharp moulds A¹ to B' (see Fig. 7) we use cutter blocks with their
faces a inclined preferably about 45 degrees to the line of shaft (see Figs. 4 and 6).
For cutting flat moulds C¹ to D' (see Fig. 7) we use cutter blocks with their faces
inclined preferably about 25 degrees to the line of shaft (see Fig. 5).

page_text: In reference to Fig. 6 the cutter blocks G and H are so formed as to work in
pairs placed at right angles to each other so that their faces-will travel in the same
path, these are used for cutting small beads or moulds and the like. We should
here state that when the moulds are too small to be made with cutter blocks
(Fig. 4) we employ cutter blocks (Fig. 6) so formed that when placed at right
angles to each other, their faces travel in the same path, and with the cutters on
one block shaped so as to cut only one side of the small members of the moulds,
the cutters on the other block will cut the other side of the small members of the
same mould.
For moulds inclining to the right we use cutter blocks with faces inclined to the
right, and on the other hand for moulds inclining to the left we use cutter blocks
with their faces inclined to the left.
The combination of the cutter blocks is made up on the shaft A according to
the design of the work required; as for instance in Fig. 1 the cutter blocks are
arranged to cut the pattern shown at Fig. 7. It is also understood that the cutter
blocks may be made of various sizes in accordance to requirements, and provided
with key ways as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 and screwed up with a lock nut k.
It will be observed from the plans that we provide two keyways in each cuttor
block, either of which engages with the key secured on the shaft so as to facilitate
the placing of the cutter blocks on the shalt at right angles to each other.
Rings or washers or the like may also be used for adjusting the cutter blocks in
proper relation to or at proper distance from each other. When any small number
of cutter blocks are to be fixed upon any part of the shaft A, we employ collara
(Fig. 8) of various lengths, secured with set pins which may be put on the shaft A
to hold the cutter blocks at any desired distance apart. We may state that this
refers more particularly to ornamenting the surfaces of timber for panels and other
uses (as hereinafter described) either with one pair of cutter blocks, to take one
cut at a time, or with two or more pairs adjusted with collars at suitable distances
from each other, to take two or more cuts at the same time; and when a series of
cuts have been taken, another series cut across at right angles will show the surface
to be of a diapered appearance (see Fig. 9, and section through the same Fig. 9ª ).
A variety of patterns may be made according to the moulds employed and the
angles at which the cuts are made to cross each other.
In the combination shown at Fig. it is to be understood that each alternate
cutter block is placed at right angles to the other cutter blocks.
The cutters may be secured to the cutter blocks with dove-tailed headed bolts,
in dove-tailed grooves d or with any other suitable means of fastening.
Special cutter blocks, (see face view Fig. 10 and edge view Fig. 11) are also
provided for fixing the adjustable shouldering cutter blocks (Fig. 12) thereto.
Where perpendicular cuts are required as at E Fig. 7 the shouldering cutters f
are secured to loose blocks e by screws g in dove-tail grooves h. The blocks e being
secured to cutter blocks by dove-tailed headed bolt in dove-tailed groove j.
In combination with our improved cutter blocks for ornamenting the faces of
timber and the like we employ a sliding and a revolving table, see front elevation
Fig. 13, Sheet 3 of the drawings, and side elevation Fig. 14. We provide first a
frame or table a so adapted as to replace the ordinary table of a baluster or similar
machine, constructed with hand wheel 6 and screw c and to slide at right angles to
the cutter shaft shown at Fig. 1. Upon this frame or table we provide a second
table & constructed so as to slide in a transverse direction, or parallel with the
cutter shaft Fig. 1, and adjusted with a scrow e. Iu.combination with the above
sliding table d we provide a circular table f, see Figs. 13 and 14, so arranged as to
be placed on the table d and to revolve on a pivot g, and also provided with a
suitable number of bowls h underneath as hereinafter more fully explained. Fig. 15
is a plan view and Fig. 16 an end view of the table d shown in Figs. 13 and 14.
It will be understood upon reference to Figs. 15 and 16 that we employ a moveable
fence i and provide slots in the table d which enables the fences to be set at any
desired angle to the right or to the left; we employ bolts (shown in enlarged

page_text: sizo Fig. 17) for securing the fences in any desired position on the table. The
bolts have their heads flattened sideways so as to allow of their admittance into
the slot j.
".
It will also be observed that we employ, hand levers: (see Figs. 15 and 16) for
pressing the timber operated upon down to the table. We may also state that
holes may be tapped and threaded into any convenient part of the table, so that
the levers may be secured at any desired position on the table d. It will be
observed that the use of this table with fences i and pressure levers (as above
described) is to guide and hold the timber A in any required position or desirable
angle, to enable a cut or a series of cuts to be taken either at a right angle or any
other angle to the length of the timbor; after the required number of parallel cuts
are taken in one direction the fences may then be reversed, and a second series of
cuts parallel with each other and taken across at right angles or any other angle to
the first series of cuts will give the surface of the wood a diapered appearance see.
Fig. 9. The fence i as shown in plan view Fig. 15 is intended to hold the timber
at right angles to the line of revolving cutters; and the dotted fence is shown at.
a different angle to the line of revolving cutters. The dotted fence shows also.
the reverse position to the dotted fence i¹.
When it is desired to put in circular cuts or moulds upon the faces of the timber,
we use in combination with the previously described table Fig. 15, a circular table f
Figs. 13 and 14; (see also plan view Fig. 16 and edge view Fig. 17) constructed
so as to revolve upon a pivot or stud g in the centre of the circular table, and which
works in a hole m provided in the table d Figs. 13 and 14. Upon the face of the
circular table Fig. 16 we employ a movable fence n secured with bolts o in a slot p
(as préviously described in reference to Fig. 15). We also employ one or
more hold-fasts (see side view Fig. 18) bolted down to the table with a bolt s and
fitted with a scrow in the end of the arm u which may be screwed down upon the
timber B to keep it steady whilst operating upon it.
It will also be understood that holes may be tapped and threaded in a series of
lines radiating from the centre or in any other position, as experience may decide
for securing the hold-fasts in a suitable position. To enable the table to revolve
with as little friction as possible we employ a suitable number of bowls h (see
enlarged side and plan views Figs. 19 and 20) bolted underneath and running upon
the face of table d. We also provide one or more stoppers (see enlarged' view
Figs. 21 and 22) to be bolted at any desirable part of the table d to engage with a
projecting stud or studs (sce enlarged view Fig. 23) screwed at any position in
the edge of the revolving table, the studs and stopper to being so adjusted as
to allow the table to revolve round any given part of a circle.
We may here state that the object we have in view with regard to the table d
sliding in a transverse direction is to enable us to adjust the circular table f so that
we may put circular cuts of different radii on the faces of timber oporated upon.
We should also remark that when adjusting the sliding tables a and d in their
proper position for working the circular table fit will always be necessary to adjust
the centre of the circular table ƒ perpendicularly underneath the centre line of
the cutter shaft. We should also state that the sliding tables are constructed-to
slide on prepared pathways see Figs. 13 and 14, and may be secured firmly in
the required position by bolts y and screws z.
In order to allow the circular table f to be placed on the transverse sliding
table d it will be necessary to take away the fences i and pressure lovers and the
other attachments.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-.
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. In a baluster or thirming or other similar machine (not being a stop.
chamfering machine) a revolving cutter block or tool holder with its faces so
inclined as to hold the cutters or tools on an angle or "skew for moulding and

page_text: otherwise working timber across (or in any other direction with regard to), the
grain of the same, such as in turned work, whether square, octagonal, round, or
of any other regular or irregular form, or for ornamenting the surfaces of wood
and the like, constructed and used substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein before set forth and illustrated by the drawings.
}
Secondly. In combination with the above an improved cutter block or tool
holder constructed to carry an adjustable shouldering cutter block, or blocks
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Thirdly. In further combination with the above, the use of a sliding table con-
structed to replace the ordinary table of a baluster shaping, or similar machine, to
work in conjunction with the transverse sliding table and carrying an adjustable
revolving table, together with the arrangements for placing the fences holdfasts
and other attachments in the desired positions substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated. by Sheets 3 and 4 of the drawings, &
Fourthly. The general construction arrangement and combination of apparatus
for ornamenting or otherwise working wood and the like, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes hereinbefore more particularly set forth and described
and as illustrated by the drawings hereunto annexed.
Dated this 1st day of October 1894.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicants.