IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATING MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel Civil Engineer and
"
Patent Agent in the City of Hamburg Germany, for an invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATING MACHINES."
by Heinrich Petersen of Hamburg in the German Empire.
A communication
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Hermann Felix
Engel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April
1882.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL Civil Engineer and Patent Agent in the
City of Hamburg Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATING
MACHINES" A communication by Heinrich Petersen of Hamburg in the German
Empire.
These improvements relate to apparatus employed for separating compound
liquids by centrifugal action which apparatus are furnished with one of more
centrifugal drums or vessels attached to a horizontal rotating shaft or axle and
have for its purpose to remove incontinual action the soparated fluids out of such
machines by means of cutters or other peeling off device without the application
of a mantle enclosing the druin or vessel.
Each separating vessel of these machines is attached to the free end of an
horizontal driving shaft or axle and consists of a metal drum furnished with a
central opening at the outer side through which opening the compound liquid is
introduced during the operation of the machino.
Each drum is furnished with one or several concentrical ring shaped gutters
fastened or formed to the inner or outer side of the centrifugal drum each of which
gutters communicates with the inner space of the drum through a pipe, boring or
other opening through which a layer of liquid is forced out of the drum into the
corresponding gutter from which latter such liquid is removed by a cutter or
stationary peeling off device.
This invention enables the removing of the separated liquids of different specific
gravity out of horizontal separators in the following manner without the use of a

page_text: mantle enclosing the drum or drums as was formerly the case with such machines
the lightest or lighter layer of liquid may be removed by means of a cutter
introduced into the drum through the opening in front whilst the heavier parts or
layers are introduced into the before described gutters communicating with the
respective layers of liquid by pipes, borings, or other openings from which gutters
the separated liquids are removed by stationary cutters.
After the end of operation and before the drum or drums are brought to a stand
still a bell shaped cover suspended to an arm swinging round a post or axle is
turned before the opening of the corresponding drum and closes it. The cover is
in such manner fastened to the arm that it may rotate with the drum whilst by
means of a pressure screw it is tightly pressed against the opening. After the
velocity of the drum is then reduced to a certain extent, the liquid ring breaks up
and by a vacuum formed within the drum at same time the liquid contained in
the concentrical gutter or gutters is sucked into the drum by returning through
the communicating pipes or openings, After the drum has been stopped fully the
liquid may be removed by opening a tap or other convenient arrangement attached
to the circumference of the drum.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th October 1882.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL Civil Engineer and Patent Agent in the
city of Hamburg Germany. IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATING
MACHINES" a communication by Heinrich Petersen of Hamburg in the German
Empire.
These improvements relate to apparatus employed for separating compound
liquids by centrifugal action which apparatus aro furnished with one or more
centrifugal drums or vessels attached to a horizontal rotating shaft or axle and
have for its purpose to remove in continual action the separated fluids out of such
machines by means of cutters or other skimming or peeling off device without the
application of a mantle enclosing the drum or vessel.
Each separating vessel of these machines is attached to the free end of an
horizontal driving shaft or axle and consists of a metal drum furnished with a
central opening at the outer side through which opening the compound liquid is
introduced during the operation of the machine. Each drum is furnished with one
or several concentric ring shaped gutters fastened or formed to the inner or outer
side of the concentrifugal drum each of which gutters communicates with the inner
space of the drum through a pipe boring or other opening through which a layer
of liquid is forced out of the drum into the corresponding gutter from which
latter such liquid is removed by a cutter or stationary skimming or peeling off'
device.

page_text: This invention enables the removing of the separated liquids of different specific
gravity out of horizontal separators in the following manner without the use of a
mantle enclosing the drum or drums as was formerly the case with such machines,
the lightest or lighter layers of liquid may be removed by means of a cutter
introduced into the drum through the opening in front whilst the heavier parts or
layers are introduced into the before described gutters communicating with the
respective layers of liquid by pipes borings or other openings from which gutters
the separated liquids are removed by stationary cutters or skimming blades.
After the end of the operation and before the drum or drums are brought to a
stand still a bell shaped cover suspended to an arm swinging round a post or axle
is turned before the opening of the corresponding drum and closes it. The cover
is in such manner fastened to the arm that it may. rotate with the drum whilst by
means of a pressure screw it is tightly pressed against the opening. After the
velocity of the drum is then reduced to a certain extent, the liquid ring breakes
up and by a vacuum formed within the drum at same time, the liquid contained in
the concentric gutter or gutters is sucked into the drum by returning through the
communicating pipes or openings. After the drum has been stopped fully the
liquid may be removed by opening a tap or other convenient arrangement attached
to the circumference of the drum.
In the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a
double-drum machine partly in section. Fig. 2 a front view of the machine out of
action. Fig. 3 a front view of the machine when at work. Fig. 4 is a ground
plan partly in section, showing the drum at the right hand sido at work, the other
drum out of action. Fig. 5 represents one of the tubes used for carrying the
separated heavier liquid into a gutter attached to the outer front of a drum.
The construction of the machine is as follows:-
B, is a horizontal shaft carried in bearings of a cast-iron or other suitable
bed-plate, A is the driving pulley and C, C¹ are two drums fastened to the freo
ends of shaft B. Each drum has a central opening at its outer side and a ring-
shaped gutter H attached to, or formed in one piece with the front of the drum.
The compound liquid (whilst the machine is in action) is through pipe d from a
vessel D introduced into a ring-shaped gutter c fastened to, or otherwise combined
with the bottom of the drum from which gutter the liquid is by centrifugal action
forced into the corresponding drum through one or more tubes n, n'. communicating
with e. The compound liquid within the drum is separated by centrifugal action
the heavier part being forced toward the circumference of the inner wall of the
drum, whilst the lighter part terminates in direction towards the centre of the
drum.
By means of tube v communicating with the liquid contained near the
circumference of the drum, the heavier portions of the liquid is forced into the
gutter H from whence it is removed by a stationary cutter r whilst the lighter
portion of the liquid is removed by the cutter or skimmer R projecting in through
the opening in front of the corresponding drum, so soon, as sufficient compound
liquid has been introduced to bring the inner surface o of the liquid up to the
cutting or skimming edge of cutter or skimmer R.
The machine is now self acting as long as compound liquid is continually
introduced, as correspondingly to the quantity introduced of such liquid, its
separated parts of different specific gravity will be removed out of the machine
by and along the skimmer and cutter R and r.
The skimmer as well as vessel D may be arranged to swing round a post =
fastened to the frame of the machine as will be understood on reforing to the
drawings and these parts can by this arrangement without loss of time be brought
into position for action or be removed from same.
After all compound liquid of one operation has been introduced into the machine
or in case the machine shall be stopped, a cover P attached to an arm t swinging
likewise on post is brought before the opening in front of the drum and closes

page_text: it. The cover is by a screw spindlo x connected to arm t and turns loosely on the
end i of this spindle x.
After cover P is brought close up to the opening of the drum it begins to rotate
with the latter and now after arm t has by a screw or other suitable arrangement
been arrested in its position cover P can by a hand wheel Z be pressed against the
opening so that the latter is tightly closed.
The machine may then be stopped the liquid ring settles down and after the
machine has been fully brought to a stand still the liquid contained in the drum
can be removed through an opening of the drum closed by a tap or stopper 8
as illustrated in Figs. 12 and 3 of the drawings:
The opening of communication pipe v should be made adjustable and this may
be done in the manner shown by Fig. 5 of the drawings, but any other con-
venient arrangement of exchanging parts of the tube containing the boring, or of
adjusting such opening may be used. According to the construction shown by
Fig. 5 a diaphragm containing a fine boring may be screwed between two parts of
tube v and such diaphragm may be exchanged, if other sized openings shall be used.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said invention in such
wise that the same may be readily ascertained and carried into practical effect
I claim :-
. The combination of a centrifugal drum or drums fastened to the free end or
ends of a horizontal shaft or axle, with one or more ring-shaped gutters, attached
to the outer or inner wall of the drum, or drums_communicating with one-or-
more different layers of the liquid contained in the drum or drums whilst rotating
together with the cutters Rand cover P constructed, and operating as and for
the purpose herein set forth and shown by the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel have hereunto
set my hand and seal this twenty-first-day-of-October-in-the--year-of-our-
Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.