IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ECONOMIZING FUEL AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH AND THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bell Galloway, of Millwall, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OF ECONOMIZING FUEL AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH AND
THEREFOR."
Sealed the 14th April 1874, and dated the 17th October 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bell Galloway
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th October 1873.
I, GEORGE BELL GALLOWAY, of Millwall, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ECONOMIZING FUEL AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED
THEREWITH AND THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate mainly to utilizing what is termed the
exhaust steam from all the various descriptions of existing steam engines
and in appliances to be connected with furnaces, flues, and fire-stoves,
or places.

page_text: .Instead of allowing the exhaust steam from locomotive or other
engines to pass into the atmosphere or to be condensed in marine or
other engines I convey the exhaust steam by a suitable arrangement of
pipes and valves into the furnaces and tubes or flues connected therewith.
In locomotives I effect this object by affixing a T piece upon the ordinary
exhaust pipe, and into this T piece I fix two pipes. The exhaust steam
is then conveyed by a pipe which will by what is termed a quarter-bend
affixed thereto convey the steam up in the inside of the fire-place or
box, and these pipes are walled in to each back corner of the fire-place
with fire-bricks alone or in combination with a composition of china or
fire-resisting clay to prevent the pipes burning away. The pipes referred
to are connected with other pipes, and into these divisional pipes which
will be parallel with the tube ends there are to be fitted jet pipes. These
jet pipes, which are of smaller diameter, enter into the end of each tube
a short distance or into as many of the tubes as may be found necessary,
so that the steam becomes decomposed into the state of hydrogen, and
thus commingles with the carbon from the coal fires and atmospheric
air produced by the draft of furnace.
In other descriptions of boilers and furnaces I convey the exhaust
steam by pipes, which pipes may in some cases pass through the flues or
underneath the furnace bars or behind the fire-bridge and be again sub-
divided behind the bridge either by pipes perforated for that object or
by a plate, which plate is intended to rest upon a second bridge built of
brick, and upon these two fire-bridges I rest iron spouts or channels to
be filled with fire-clay. I effect the decomposition of the steam by
passing it through fire-bars, which I make with a core through the
centre longitudinally, or I perforate the sides of the fire-bars or I shut
off the ash-pit by a door and convey the exhaust steam into the ash-pit
underneath the furnace bars. And in respect to marine engines, instead
of what are termed condensers I draw off the exhaust steam into the
fire-pipes or bars, as in part above described, or convey the exhaust
steam into the tube ends of marine boilers or by any suitable connection
of pipes with the furnaces to effect the like objects. I also convey the
whole or a part of the exhaust stcam into steam boilers either direct
from the cylinders through pipes having valves fitted at suitable
distances from each other to divide the back pressure and allow time for
partial condensation, or I cause the pipes to pass through the flues or in
connection with the furnaces to superheat the exhaust steam before it
passes into the boiler.
.

page_text: In some cases I force the exhaust steam or atmospheric air in combi-
nation with the exhaust steam or any portion thereof by a suitable
arrangement of valves and pipes in connection with a pump or by what
is termed a steam pressure injector similar in arrangement to those forms
of steam injectors now in use, by which the feed water is forced into
steam boilers, the objects of the whole being improvements in the means
of economising fuel heat.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Bell Galloway in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
BELL GALLOWAY, of Millwall, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said George Bell Galloway,
Her special licence that I, the said George Bell Galloway, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
George Bell Galloway, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF
ECONOMIZING FUEL AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH AND THEREFOR,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Bell
Galloway, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Bell Galloway, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
My improvements relate mainly to utilizing what is termed the
exhaust steam from all the various descriptions of existing steam engines
and in appliances to be connected with furnaces, flues, and fire spaces,
or places. The details of the Invention will be well understood by the
following description :-
Instead of allowing the exhaust steam from locomotives or other
engines to pass into the atmosphere or to be condensed in marine or
other engines I convey the exhaust steam by a suitable arrangement of
pipes and bars into the furnaces and tubes or flues connected therewith.
In locomotives I effect this object by affixing a T piece upon the ordinary
exhaust pipe, and into the T piece I fix two pipes. The exhaust steam
is thus conveyed by the pipes, which will by what is termed a quarter-
bend be affixed thereto. I then convey the steam up in the inside of
the fire-place or box, and these pipes are walled into each back corner of
the fire-place with fire-bricks alone, or in combination with a composition
of china or fire-clay to prevent these pipes burning away quickly. The
pipes referred to are connected with other pipes, and into these divisional
pipes, which will be parallel with the tube ends, there are to be fitted
jet pipes, which are of smaller diameter, which enter into the end of
each tube a short distance or into as many of the tubes as may be found
necessary, so that the steam becomes decomposed into the state of
hydrogen, and thus commingles with the carbon from the coal fires and
atmospheric air produced from the furnace.
Another mode by which I effect the object is by building a bridge of
fire-bricks of china clay or kaolin, perforated longitudinally and made
specially by me in the form
and leaving a space
between the bridge and the back of the fire-box into which the exhaust
steam is admitted. It then mixes with the products of combustion and
passes through the boiler tubes, or a metal casing may be placed inside
the fire-box to receive the exhaust steam, and by pipe and nozzle con-
nactions man he conversed into the tube onda.
To the ashout

page_text: steam through the lower tubes of boilers and connect the same within
the fire-box with the pipes and nozzles before referred to; or I continue.
the exhaust steam pipes through the upper tubes into the smoke-box, or
spaces may be made through the boiler for the exhaust. steam pipes to.
pass through, and the exhaust steam may in some cases be forced
through the hollow furnace bars to assist the decomposition of the
steam.
· As a means to supplement the blast of the exhaust steam I force
atmospheric air into the chimney by suitable mechanical means, or
produce the effect by creating a vacuum by steam jet or atmospheric jet
pressure.
In other descriptions of boilers and furnaces I convey the exhaust
steam by pipes, which pipes may in some cases pass through the flues
or under the furnace bars or through the hollow bars (which is effected
by fixing transversely across the front of the furnace a connection (pipe,
which pipe is filled with nozzles. The nozzles convey the exhaust steam
into the ends of the fire-bars) to behind the fire-bridge, and be again sub-
divided behind the bridge by a plate or casting perforated. This is
intended to rest upon a second fire-brick bridge, and upon the two
bridges I rest long iron or metal channels filled with fire-bricks or clay,
which I make with a core through the centre; or I may perforate the
sides of the fire-bars, which I make in tubular form, but in some cases
they are of larger diameter at one end than at the other, the object being
to avoid any back pressure and decompose steam. I also shut off the
ash-pit, and thus decompose the steam under the furnaces.
In respect
to marine engines, instead of using what is called the condenser I draw
off the exhaust steam into the fire-bars, or by pipe connections, as before
described, produce a vacuum. I also convey the whole or any part of
the exhaust steam back into the bottom parts of steam boilers by a
suitable arrangement of pipes and valves placed at suitable distance
from each other to divide the back pressure and allow time for conden-
sation, and to accomplish this more effectually I continue the exhaust
steam pipe through the boiler, and so continue the pipe connection to
the feed water tank, and thus the equivalent of feed water will be
supplied to boilers, and the durability of boilers thereby also increased.
I in some cases condense the exhaust steam or any portion by causing
the pipes to pass under locomotive engines and tender, or as many of
the carriages as may be found necessary to continue them. The steam

page_text: by passing through the pipes exposed to the atmosphere becomes con-
densed and will be utilized for warming the carriages, and the water can
be conveyed into the feed water tank. In some cases this plan of
condensation is applied to railway carriages, mills, and factories for the
purpose of warming the structure or building or for drying materials.
I also apply the same means for producing the necessary draught in
such furnaces, or by a steam pressure or atmospheric injector produce a
vacuum in the chimneys; and in some cases I force the exhaust steam
(which may be first superheated) or atmospheric air in combination with
exhaust steam back into the boiler by what is called a steam pressure
injector similar in arrangement to those in use by which the feed water
is forced into steam boilers.
I do not limit myself to the herein-before described details, but I
would have it understood that what I claim is the Invention of improve-
ments in the means of economizing fuel and in appliances connected
therewith and therefor by the various plans herein-before set forth.
In witness whercof, I, the said George Bell Galloway, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street,
London.
G. B. GALLOWAY. (L.S.) S