IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLESTICKS AND LAMP PILLARS
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
FORD STURGES, of Birmingham, Britannia Ware Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the twelfth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Richard Ford Sturges, my exors, admors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said Richard Ford Sturges, my exors, adñors, and assigus, and such others
as I, the said Richard Ford Sturges, my exors, adñors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CANDLESTICKS AND LAMP PILLARS;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso, that I, the said Richard Ford Sturges, should cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date

page_text: of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Ford Sturges, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of manufacturing metal candlesticks and also lamp
pillars with ornamental surfaces, raised or in relief, and also hollow or sunk in
metal moulds, such ornamental surfaces being other than simply circular work,
such as may be produced or finished in a lathe.
And in order that iny Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews an external view of a metal mould suitable for having cast
therein a metal candlestick with ornamental surfaces thereon; Figure 2 shews
an elevation of part of the mould, partly in section, shewing a metal casting
therein; Figure 3 shews an elevation of one of the parts of the mould;
Figure 4 shews a section, taken at the dotted line a, a, in Figures 1 and 2;
and Figure 5 is a top view of the mould. c, d, e, are the three parts of which
the mould is composed, and f is the core for the upper part of the candlestick;
g is the casting of a candlestick. These parts of a mould are to be put
together and held by screw cranks or otherwise securely, and the melted metal
is to be poured in at the "get" or opening h. By this means very ornamental
candlesticks may be produced, the ornamental surfaces being of the character
of carved work in relief, and sunk in a direction lengthwise of the candlestick.
as well as around it.
I would remark that I do not claim to make candlesticks casting them
or the parts thereof in metal moulds where the patterns are of a character of
lathe work, that is, where the raised or hollow ornamental parts are formed
around the pillar or stem, like rings around such pillars or stems, as metal
moulds are comparatively of little value for such classes of work, as other
moulds may be more cheaply employed where the work is capable of being
afterwards finished in a lathe; but the class of work to which my Invention is
applicable is that where the ornamental raised and sunk parts are not capable
of being produced and finished in a lathe, that is, where the ornamental parts

page_text: are not what is called circular work, but of the character indicated by the
Drawings. I have in the various Figures shewn an elaborate pattern, but less
or more carved work may be produced in the moulds employed; and although
I have shewn the candlestick to consist of one piece, several parts may be
similarly made, and then be brazed, soldered, or otherwise combined together.
The metal moulds thus used I prefer to be of cast iron, and that the engraved
parts should be produced in the manner of die sinking, as is well understood,
and if the sinking or engraving be well performed the metal castings made
thereon will have a very complete and elegant character. I have found that
it is an advantage to place the moulds when being filled on a revolving table,
and to cause such table to revolve slowly when running in the melted metal;
and it is desirable to screw up the moulds tighter as soon as the metal is
in, as described in my former Patent, when describing a similar process for
making teapots.
I would remark that metal moulds have before been used for making orna-
mental metal castings for various purposes, but such descriptions of moulds
have not heretofore been made of a suitable form to produce candlesticks.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention. Figure 6 shews an
external elevation of a metal mould complete for having metal pillars or stems
of lamps cast thereon, the parts being securely retained together by means of
screws, as shewn, or otherwise. Figure 7 is a section, shewing the space
between the inner surface of the mould, and the outer surface of the core filled
with, a casting of a pillar of a lamp. i, j, k, l, are four vertical portions of the
mould, on the inner surfaces of which are to be carved, engraved, or formed the
intended ornamental pattern, which I prefer to do by the ordinary process of
die sinking, and the parts of the mould I prefer to be of cast iron, but do not
confine myself thereto. Figure 8 shews an interior view of the part of the
mould i; and Figure 9 shews the interior view of the part of the mould j, the
other parts & and I corresponding in character with these two parts. Figure 10
shews an under side view of the bottom of the mould, the centre part m entering
into the lower ends of the parts i, j, k, l. Figure 11 shews a plan of the upper
part of the mould. n, o, are two "gets" or openings, the one for the passage
of the metal and the other for the passage away of the air from the mould.
Figure 12 shews a section of the mould and the casting therein, taken at the
dotted lines a, a, in Figure 6 and 7; Figures 18 and 14 are two sections, taken
at the dotted lines b, b, in Figures 8 and 9. I sometimes use a core of plaster
of Paris, or other matter which will readily break up when the casting has
een made thereon, but I prefer to employ metal cores made of several parts,

page_text: as shewn in the Drawings, and separately at Figures 17, 18, and 19, the centre
portion of which is made taper, so as readily to draw out, such centre piece having
six pieces surrounding it, as shewn. p is the core, which at is lower end is
received into a socket formed on the upper surface of the part m of the
mould, the upper end of the core being received into a socket formed in the
under surface of the part 9 of the mould. Figure 15 shews a plan and side
view of the part m of the mould; Figure 16 shews a plan and side view
of the part of the mould. I have been thus particular in shewing the arrange-
ment of parts for making up a metal mould for moulding the pillars of lamps,
yet the number and shapes of the parts may be varied, according to the
particular design of casting to be produced. And I would state, in respect to
this part of my Invention, as in the preceding part for candlesticks, that I do
not claim the employment of metal moulds when the class of ornamental work.
simply consists of circular work, such as can be produced and finished in a
lathe, this part of my Invention being for the production of metal pillars of
lamps having thereon ornamental work of a carved character in relief, and
sunk of a varied and irregular character. When the interior of the pillars of
lamps do not require to be hollow, as in candle lamps, the castings may be
such to leave the core employed within the pillar; and if desired, in place of
casting the whole pillar in one piece, it may be cast in parts, and then brazed,
soldered, or otherwise combined together, as described in respect to the
candlestick herein explained.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the details shewn, so long as metal candlesticks and lamp
pillars with ornamental surfaces of the description herein mentioned are
produced by casting them in metal moulds; but what I claim is, the manufac-
turing of metal candlesticks and lamp pillars in metal moulds suitably formed
to produce ornamental surfaces thereon of the character described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Ford Sturges, have hereunto set
my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
RICHARD FORD (L.s.) STURGES.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Richard Ford Sturges,

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid Richard Ford Sturges came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Tnrolled the Fourteenth day of August in the year of our Lord One