Improvements in Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles, and other Clay Goods; also for Burning Sanitary Ware, and for Salt Glazing.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 31st Aug., 1893-Accepted, 14th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles, and other
Clay Goods; also for Burning Sanitary Ware, and for Salt
Glazing.
I, EDWIN PALMER LEE, of 29 The Parade, Tredegarville, Cardiff, Brick
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to kilns for burning bricks, tiles and other clay goods; also
for burning sanitary ware and for salt glazing.
This invention consists in an arrangement of flues in connection with a series of
kilns, so that, with the aid of controlling dampers, the heat given off in a kiln in
which goods are under process of burning is conducted to the next or any other kiln
or kilns of the series, such kiln or kilns being filled with green or undried goods.
The heat is delivered to such kiln or kilns below the perforated bottom thereof.
After ascending through the green goods and drying the same, the heat is drawn
off to act similarly in another kiln or other kilns containing green goods, and so on
throughout as many kilos as the heat retained will profitably allow.
It is understood that the heat is not allowed to pass from one set of green goods
to another until the steam or moisture from each is carried to the stack.
A further feature appertaining to this invention and consequent upon the arrange-
ment of flues and the provision of controlling dampers consists in conducting the heat
given off from goods in cooling to the back of the furnaces of a kiln or kilns in
which goods are in process of burning. By so doing, more perfect combustion is
obtained in the kiln or kilns in which the goods are being burnt, and economy in
fuel is effected both by this method and by the provision first above described.
Dated this 30th day of November 1892.
NICHOLAS WATIS,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles, and other
Clay Goods; also for Burning Sanitary Ware, and for Salt
Glazing.
I, EDWIN PALMER LEE, of 29 The Parade, Tredegarville, Cardiff, Brick
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to kilns for burning bricks, tiles and other clay goods; also
for burning sanitary ware and for salt glazing.
This invention consists in an arrangement of flues in connection with a series of
kilns, so that, with the aid of controlling dampers, the heat given off in a kiln in
which goods are under process of burning or cooling is conducted to the next or
any other kiln or kilns of the series, such kiln or kilns being filled with green or
unburned goods. The heat is delivered to such kiln or kilns below the perforated
bottom thereof. After ascending through the green goods and drying the same,
the heat is drawn off to act similarly in another kiln, or other kilns, containing
green goods, and so on throughout as many kilos as the heat retained will profitably
allow.
It is understood that the heat should not be allowed to pass from one set of

page_text: •
green goods to another until the steam or moisture from each has been extracted
and carried to the stack.
A further feature appertaining to this invention and consequent upon the arrange-
ment of flues and the provision of controlling dampers consists in conducting the
heat given off from goods in burning or cooling to the back of the furnaces of a
kiln or kilns in which goods are in process of burning. By so doing, more perfect
combustion is obtained in the kiln or kilns in which the goods are being burnt, and
economy in fuel is effected both by this method and by the provision first above
described.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 represents a sectional plan of a rectangular kiln constructed and provided
with flues and dampers in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 2 represents a vertical section on the line ar Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shews a series of such kilns. In this latter figure the flues are indicated
by dotted lines representing the centre lines of the flues.
с
From the flue a, which connects the kilns with the stack, are carried branch
flues which communicate with the main or trunk flue c connecting all the kilos in
a series. From the flue c branch flues d are carried into the kilns, as shown. Opening
into the flues e, which are provided for supplying the hot blast, are apertures f
(Figs. 1 and 2) Apertures g (Figs. 1 and 2) constitute passages for communi-
cation between the flue c and flues e. The branch flues are controlled by
dampers and k, and the flues b are controlled by dampers m. The main or
trunk flue c is controlled by dampers ; and l.
In describing generally the mode of working with reference to Fig. 3 of the
drawings for a general plan and Figs. 1 and 2 for details it may, for convenience,
be assumed that the goods contained in kiln No. 1 have been duly burnt and
require to be cooled. Instead of admitting cold air directly for this purpose and
thereby risking injury to the goods, the air may be drawn from, say, kiln No. 6 in
which the goods have been in process of cooling for a greater or less length of time.
The air from kiln No. 6 is drawn while still warm into No. 1 through the flues c
and d and the cooling of the goods in kiln No. 1 is effected gradually. Assuming
the goods contained in kiln No. 2 to be in process of burning, the heat from kiln
No. 1 is drawn through the flues d into the main flue c and passes thence into the
flues e whence it is discharged through the apertures behind the bridges of the
furnaces and encountering the flame therein ensures more complete combustion, thus
effecting economy in fuel.
The heat produced during the process of burning the contents of kiln No. 2 is then
conducted in a similar manner to kiln No. 3, and, by setting the dampers h, j and l
accordingly, is directed upwards through the perforated floor of the kiln and the
goods contained therein. The moisture extracted from the goods passes behind the
screens s and is carried through the apertures finto the flues e either through
apertures g into the main flue c and thence to the stack through flues b and a.
When the moisture has been removed from kiln No. 3, the process may be
repeated in a similar manner with respect to kilns Nos. 4 and 5 by closing as many
of the dampers m as may be necessary.
g
Dampers are provided to enable any kiln to be shut out of the series when so
desired. At such times the dampers 9 are closed over the openings g leading into
the flues e, and the dampers ; and, being raised, an uninterrupted passage is
afforded for heat through the main flue c underneath the kiln without leakage
or counter-draught through the openings s which would occur unless the said
openings were closed by the dampers g.
The system of flues may be extended to kilns 7 and 8 without interfering with the
working of the other kilns of the series.
At Fig. 4 of the drawings is represented a sectional plan of a circular kiln con-
structed and fitted with flues in accordance with this invention. Fig. 5 is a vertical
section on the line y y Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 is a general plan of a series of such flues.

page_text: Fig. 7 is a section on the line z, z, Fig. 4. The method of working with such kilns
and flues is substantially the same as that herein before described with reference to
rectangular kilns except that the flues e existing in the latter case are dispensed
with in the former and the apertures are made in the flues d.
The system of flues and dampers may be applied to other shaped kilns besides
those shown in the drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The arrangement and construction of rectangular and other rectilinear kilns
(for bricks, tiles and other clay goods) with flues and controlling dampers herein-
before described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings.
2. The arrangement and construction of circular and other curvilinear kilns (for
bricks, tiles and other clay goods) with flues and controlling dampers hereinbefore
described with reference to Figs. 4 to 7 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 30th day of August 1893.
NICHOLAS WATTS,
Chartered Patent Agent.