IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARMING
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Anthony Gapper Southby, of Three, New Inn,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR WARMING."
Sealed the 14th May 1872, and dated the 1st March 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Anthony Gapper
Southby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his.
Petition, on the 1st March 1872.
I, ANTHONY GAPPER SOUTHBY, of Three, New Inn, in the County of
5 Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARMING," to be as follows:-
I use a combustion chamber and chimney communicating only with
the top of a vessel, pipe, or pipes otherwise with no permanent opening
or openings higher than a little above the level of the burning fuel;
and I make the vessel, pipe, or pipes sufficiently large in proportion to
the fuel consumed to allow the hot gases from the fuel descending in it
or them to lose a sufficient portion of heat either through the sides of

page_text: the vessel, pipe, or pipes or to a substance or substances contained in
or surrounding it or them. By this syphon action, caused principally by
the different densities of the gases in the chimney and in the vessel,
pipe, or pipes consequent upon their different temperatures, I obtain the
necessary draught for the combustion of the fuel, and I am thus enabled
to take the air to support combustion and deliver the spent gases from
the combustion to the same place at or near the same level. I for
certain purposes, as for heating by gas, admit the air to the flame by a
pipe contained in the pipe or passage conducting away the spent gases
of combustion to the outside of the building. I also make the hot
descending gases in the vessel to pass through interstices or a pipe or
pipes in a mass of refractory material, such as bricks, tiles, or sand
contained in the vessel so as to heat it or them, and I make or encase the
vessel of or with a slow conducting material. Or I surround the vessel,
pipe, or pipes with another vessel containing water, which latter may be
connected with hot water pipes, or I encase it with a slow conducting
material.
In these plans the downward movement of the gases in the vessel,
pipe, or pipes being only caused by the greater ascensional power in the
chamber and chimney, all movement will cease as soon as the fire goes
out, and the heat accumulated in the heated material will not be lost
as it otherwise would be up a chimney.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Anthony Gapper Southby in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 31st August 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTHONY
GAPPER SOUTHBY, of 3, New Inn, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-fifth year
of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Anthony Gapper Southby, Her special licence that I,
the said Anthony Gapper Southby, my executors, administrators, and
2

page_text: assigns, or such others as I, the said Anthony Gapper Southby, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR WARMING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Anthony Gapper Southby, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Anthony Gapper Southby, do hereby
declare the naturo of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and. ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
I use a combustion chamber and chimney communicating only with
the top of a vessel, pipe, or pipes, otherwise with no permanent opening
higher than a little above the level of the burning, fuel, and I make the
vessel, pipe, or pipes sufficiently large in proportion to the fuel consumed
to allow the hot gases from the fuel descending in it or them to lose a
sufficient portion of heat, either through the sides of the vessel, pipe, or
pipes or to a substance or substances contained in or surrounding it
or them. By this syphon action caused principally by the different
densities of the gases in the chimney and in the vessel, pipe, or pipes
consequent upon their different temperatures, I obtain the necessary
draught for the combustion of the fuel, and I am thus enabled to take
the air to support combustion and deliver the spent gases from the
combustion to the same place at or near the same level. I for certain
purposes, as for heating by gas, admit the air to the flame by a pipe
contained in the pipe or passage conducting away the spent gases
of combustion to the outside of the building. I also make the hot
descending gases in the vessel to pass through interstices or a pipe or
pipes in a mass of refractory material, such as bricks, tiles, or sand,
contained in the vessel so as to heat it or them, and I make or encase
the vessel of or with a slow conducting material. Or I surround the
vessel, pipe, or pipes with another vessel containing water, which latter

page_text: may be connected with not water pipes, or i encase it wICH & BOW COL
ducting material. In these plans the downward movement of the gases
in the vessel, pipe, or pipes being only caused by the greater ascencional
power in the chamber and chimney, all movement will cease as soon
as the fire goes out, and the heat accumulated in the heated material
will not be lost as it otherwise would be up a chimney.
Having thus described the nature of my improved apparatus, I will
now describe by the aid of Drawings some of the more distinctive forms
adapted to different requirements, using the same letters to denote the
same parts in each.
Fig. 1 & 1 and 2 & 2¹ are sectional elevations and plans of appa-
ratus adapted for the consumption of gas; A being the combustion
chamber and chimney communicating by the passage B with the vessel C,
which in Fig. 1 has the form of an annular cylinder enclosing A. and
standing in a pan of water, so as to slightly moisten the air before
heating it as in the Gurney mode of warming. The air to be warmed
is admitted to the space between A and C by the passages D and E, the
latter taking the air from near the floor of the building, or from a
passage communicating with the air outside the building.
In Fig. 2 C is a kidney-shaped pipe which may also stand together
with A in a pan of water; F is the exit pipe to conduct the cooled
products of combustion from the lower part of C outside the building,
and in Fig. 1 is connected with it by the well G, while in Fig. 2 it opens
directly out of it; H is the inlet pipe to admit the air to support com-
bustion from the outside of the building to the combustion chamber A,
and for convenience and in order that the inlet air may be more or less
warmed by the outlet gases, the one pipe may enclose the other. By
thus taking the air to support combustion and delivering the spent pro-
ducts of combustion to the same place, the action on the flame in the
combustion chamber of the varying atmospheric pressures inside and
outside the building is nullified, and I find the windguard I to answer
well in still further modifying the action of gusts of wind on the flame.
A short chimney also leaving a space between it and A and surround-
ing the flame is useful in increasing the draught and steadying the
flame; J is the opening in A. by which to light the gas, and in Fig. 1
is opposite the passage D and is closed by a rising and falling slide K,
attached to another slide L at the upper end of A, so arranged that
before J can be opened B is closed and another opening M is uncovered

page_text: to allow the escape of any gas in A so as to avoid explosions. NN 18 &
glass sight hole by which to view the flame. The exit and inlet pipes
F and H may be lengthened in a horizontal or ascending direction, and
may communicate with a chimney of sufficient area to allow of the two
currents not interfering with one another.
Fig. 3 is a very similar apparatus which by the combustion of coal,
coke, &c. heats a reservoir of water O which gives out its heat to the
building and may be connected with hot water pipes.
Figs. 4, 4, 4, 41, are three elevations and a plan of an apparatus
built principally of bricks, tiles, and sand; the hot products of com-
bustion descending through the interstices in the brickwork C part
with their heat to the bricks, &c., and are conducted away by the
gathering flue F to the chimney P, which is prevented from causing
a draught inside the apparatus by the opening to the air Q.
In order to prevent the escape of gases from the upper part of the
apparatus through cracks in the brickwork, it may be covered with a
sheet iron casing or the outside walls may be made double with a space
between filled with and the top covered with loamy sand, taking care
to cover all perpendicular cracks with thin tiles.
R is a pipe passing through the heated sand opening at one end close
to the floor of the building or into the open air outside the building and
at the other to the air at the upper part of the building so as to cause
circulation.
Fig. 5 is an apparatus for heating water to supply hot-water pipes
by a coil of pipe in C, but any form of water heater adapted to the
requirements may be substituted. The plan is similar to Fig. 4".
Fig. 6 is an apparatus for warming by hot air, the apparatus being
enclosed in a chamber with a passage S to admit the air and a passage T
to conduct the heated air to the rooms to be warmed, as is well under-
stood. C is a series of pipes uniting the top of A with F, the exit pipe
for the spent gases which may be laid in S, when the latter takes its
supply from outside the building F may also stand in or be formed with
a pan of water to moisten the air.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and some of the
more distinctive forms of apparatus, I would have it understood that I
do not confine myself to the exact designs shewn, as they may be varied

page_text: by following the directions of my general Specification to suit differences
of material, convenience, or taste.
In witness whereof, I, the said Anthony Gapper Southby, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of August
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.