matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Nicol at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1878.
JOSEPH NICOL, of the Town and County of Stirling, North Britain.
MENTS IN ENVELOPES."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in envelopes, has for its object
to prevent the contents thereof from being tampered with or removed therefrom
without being detected.
For the purpose of carrying out the afore-mentioned objects one of the narrow
ends of the envelope is formed with an ear or projecting piece at one side or corner,
and this, when the envelope is closed, is folded down over the back thereof, and
caused to adhere thereto by the adhesive substance placed on its inner or under
side. This ear or projecting piece is preferably placed at that corner of the
envelope on which the postage stamp is usually affixed; and in the improved
envelope, the postage stamp being placed over the ear, hides it from view.
In place of using one car or projection as herein-before described, two of such
may be employed at opposite corners of the narrow and opening end of the envelope;
one such ear or projection is however preferable, and meets all practical require-
ments of preventing the envelope being opened without detection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEDICAL GALVANIC APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Scarles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1878.
BENJAMIN SCARLES, of No. 308, Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN MEDICAL GALVANIC APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE HUMAN
BODY."
My Invention relates to apparatus such as can be used as an article of wear for
generating galvanic electricity, and applying the same for medical purposes to the
human body. Such apparatus according to my Invention consists of a number of
separate galvanic cells strung together or fixed on a belt or piece of flexible fabric
forming a band or girdle, or a chest protector or pad applicable where desired to the
body.
Each cell is constructed as follows:-It consists of two small discs or pieces of
zinc, one on each side of the belt or fabric which insulates them from each other.
On the inside of the one piece of zinc and on the outside of the other is a piece of
sheet copper insulated from the zinc by a thin layer of felt or other non-conducting
porous fabric, the two pieces of copper being connected together by a metal pin
which passes insulated through holes in the pieces of zinc. The inner piece of
copper covers half or little more than half of the surface of the inner zinc plate, and
forms the copper terminal of the cell. The two pieces of zinc are near one edge
connected together by a metal pin, which also secures on the inner piece of zinc
a metallic facing forming the zinc terminal of the cell. The two terminals are
thus presented in one plane at the back of the belt or fabric next to the body of the
wearer.
Instead of two plates of zinc and copper as above described, there may be in each
cell a greater number of each superposed and connected in a similar manner,
according to the power of cell required. Also instead of copper and zinc, other
metals or substances suitable for the generation of galvanic electricity may be
employed.
The complete cell constructed as above described forms a species of button
attached to the belt or fabric, and a number of these cells may be arranged

page_text: at intervals along the belt or on the fabric, each acting as an independent
cell.
When greater intensity is required, a line of such cells may be put in one circuit
by connecting by conductors, such as pieces of wire, cord, or flexible metal or
spring, the zinc terminals of each to the copper terminal of the next in order, and
for the purpose of making such connection I construct each cell with a projecting
pin head on the exterior zinc piece and the like on the exterior copper piece.
I prefer to perforate the copper plates with holes through which the moisture and
vapour of the body can pass into and from the insulating fabric of the cell.
The pieces of metal forming button cells as above described may be of various
shapes, either circular discs, or square, or polygonal, as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Dickinson, of Lytham, in the County of Lan-
caster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 13th December 1878, and dated the 11th October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Dickinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1878.
WILLIAM DICKINSON, of Lytham, in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
“IMPROVEMENTS
The objects of any Invention are, firstly, to decrease friction, and hence to lessen
the amount of power required for driving such looms; and, secondly, to obtain
more space under the loom by dispensing with certain parts, as herein-after
described.
In the first place I dispense with the "slay swords" as hitherto employed beneath
the slay, and I hang the latter by pendulous slay swords from a rocking shaft
above, mounted in suitable centres on bearings carried by the side framing of the
loom. The slay thus suspended from above is caused to "beat up" by means of
the cranks and crank arms connected thereto in the usual manner. The vertical
picking sticks, instead of having their centres below, also swing on studs fixed by
short brackets upon the rocking shaft, so that the slay and picking sticks swing
together with the said rocking shaft.
I dispense also with the ordinary picking motion, with the exception of the bowls

page_text: or tappets on the tappet shaft. These I cause to act on two picking levers (one on
each side of the loom), which have their fulcra at the back of the loom, and at their
forward ends are connected by straps or bands passing round guide pulleys to the
upper ends of the picking sticks, and by these means the picking motion is imparted
alternately to the picking sticks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enoch Openshaw Taylor, Jonathan
Bradbury, and Joseph Broadbent at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 6th April 1878.
ENOCH OPENSHAW TAYLOR, of Marsden, Engineer, JONATHAN BRADBURY, of
Upper Mill, Saddleworth, Woollen Manufacturer, and JOSEPH BROADBENT, of the
said Upper Mill, Overlooker, all in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
The object of the Invention is to lessen the strain or weight applied to the warp
in its passage from the warp roller or beam; also to reduce the wear and tear
upon the healds or harness, and consequently to economise the working power
employed.
We effect these objects by controlling means applied to the apparatus for regu-
lating the let-off from the warp beam.
In carrying out our improvements the tomahawk or other lever operated by a
tappet or otherwise by the crank or other suitable shaft or moving power, and
which at one end is connected by suitable connecting rods with the catch box, or
driving means to the ratchet wheel or wheels, and gear for effecting the let off, is
also at this end connected to or operated by a spring or weight. To the other end
or other suitable part of this tomahawk or other lever or moving part is applied
one end of a connecting rod, the other end of which is ordinarily simply looped or
formed into an open slot to receive the spindle of the back or rocking roller or
beam, so that as this rocking roller or beam swings to and fro on its arms this
connecting rod always follows the spindle of such top roller, allowing the lever or
part connected with it to traverse varying distances; but in carrying out our
improvements we apply a pin across the looped or slotted end of the connecting
rod, or this end or part is otherwise formed, so that the spindle of the rocking
guide roller or beam will act on the opposite or inner end or pin thereto of such
slot or opening, and as the spring or weight applied to the opposite end of the
tomahawk or other lever or moving part will constantly have a tendency to bear
this lever in a direction away from its tappot or other actuating means, the motion
thereof towards the tappet or other actuating means will be regulated by the

page_text: motion of the rocking roller or beam acting by its spindle or pivot on the opposite
or inner end of the looped or slotted part of the connecting rod referred to."
The direction of motion and other relations of the parts may be varied without
interfering with the controlling means obtained by the spring or weight pressure
operating to obtain direct action from the rocking warp roller or beam.
By the use of such means the weight applied to the warp may be greatly reduced,
whilst increased uniformity in the laying in of the weft is secured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING AND TREATING INDIGO FOR DYEING AND PRINTING PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Marriott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1878.
WILLIAM MARRIOTT, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manufacturing
Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING AND TREATING INDIGO
FOR DYEING AND PRINTING PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in passing a current of electricity through a solution of
bisulphite of soda or bisulphite of potash until one or other of the said solutions
will reduce or react on indigo in presence of an alkali or alkaline earth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS APPLICABLE TO CRAVATS, TRAVELLING BAGS, PORTEMONNAIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Thibaudeau at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1878.
JULES THIBAUDEAU, of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, Draftsman.
“IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS APPLICABLE TO CRAVATS, TRAVELLING BAGS,
PORTEMONNAIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
My Invention has for cbject a system of improved fastening, preventing any
motion or deviation of the article which it fastens, and particularly the fastening
of a cravat or necktie, that is to say, that it is impossible for the knot or bow to
ascend or descend, or work round the neck of the wearer.
This system of fastening consists essentially of an interior rod or stem attached
to the cravat or tie, which engages in a hole pierced, following the axis of the shirt
collar stud. This rod or stem may simply engage freely in the stud, or it may be
kept in place by a small threaded part. In the latter case the stem, instead of
being concealed in the interior, nay traverse the knot or bow of the cravat, and
terminate outside in an ornamental button or stud, resembling a scarf pin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND VALVES, AND IN THE MANNER AND APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alfred Daniel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1878.
JAMES ALFRED DANIEL, Plumber and Engineer, of 22, Hopwood Lane, Halifax,
in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND VALVES, AND IN THE
MANNER AND APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING THE SAME."
This Invention relates to improved apparatus and means for connecting taps
and valves to water and other pipes of lead without the use of solder as here-
tofore.
According to this my Invention I form or cast around the shank or end of the
tap or valve a round plug, the outer circumference of which is chased, the end
being turned down, taper, or convex, as preferred.
I also employ a loose hollow cap, part of the inner circumference of which is the
Bize of the pipe to be connected, the remaining part being larger (forms a shoulder)
and chased to correspond with the plug. I pass the pipe through the smaller hole
of the cap; then by means of a round taper plug or other tool I expand the open
end of the lead pipe so as to form a trumpet or concave mouth against the shoulder
of the cap. Over the expanded part I place a leather or other washer. The plug
of the tap is now screwed into the thread of the cap, and the two are thus brought
into close contact, and the washer forced and bedded firm on its seat.
For securing taps or valves to lead pipes at other positions than at the end
thereof, I employ a T union or clip, hinged so as to span the lead pipe. A hole
is bored in the pipe; it is expanded as before described, and the plug of the
tap screwed into place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FASTENINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederick Cooke Farquhar at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th January 1878.
JOHN FREDERICK COOKE FARQUHAR, of No. 24 and 25, Long Acre, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FASTENINGS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in window fastenings. For this
purpose I use a rack together with a spring bolt and key as herein-after described.
The rack has suitable ratchet teeth cut on one of its sides, and is screwed on to
one of the wooden sides of the top window for its whole length.
A spring bolt is screwed on to the top horizontal frame of the lower window, and
the end of the bolt is suitably shaped to engage with the teeth of the rack, and
thereby prevent either of the sashes being opened.
When it is required to open the window the bolt is withdrawn by means of a key,
and is locked and held back out of action. The lock can be formed with the same
casing as that which contains the spring bolt, or it can be placed in a more
convenient position, say, midway down the side of the lower window, and be screwed
on to one of its wooden sides.
A pipe of any required length is carried down from the under side of the spring
bolt to the lock case, and a gut, cord, or chain is passed through the pipe, and
attached at its upper end to the spring bolt and at the bottom to a small winder.
By the use of the key the winder can be turned, and the gut, cord, or chain
caused to draw back the spring bolt, the bolt can then be held out of action by
causing a projection on the key to enter a notch in the lock case so that the
windows can be opened.
Upon the key being removed the bolt springs back, and the windows become
locked either in their closed position or in any position in which they may have
been placed.
Instead of the rack being formed with ratchet teeth and a spring bolt being used
to engage with the ratchet teeth, a cog wheel may be arranged to work in the rack,
and the cog wheel be locked by a pawl or catch. In this case the pawl or catch
may whenever it is desired to open the window be withdrawn from the teeth of

page_text: the cog wheel by an arrangement similar to that employed for drawing back the
spring bolt.
The utility of this Invention is, that,―
Firstly. Windows can be locked when they are open or shut, or in any desired
position.
Secondly. The lock can be fitted in any position most easily accessible.
Thirdly. Keys of peculiar construction being required to open the locks, windows
may be said to be rendered comparatively secure against burglars.
MENTS IN LEATHER DRIVING BANDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holland at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1878.
JOHN HOLLAND, of Whitelands, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancaster.
MENTS IN LEATHER DRIVING BANDS."
"IMPROVE-
My object in these improvements is to obtain a driving medium of greater
strength and durability than can be attained with ropes, and that may be conve-
niently substituted for the latter. I effect this by forming the band or strap of two
or more layers of leather jointed together by riveting, cementing, stitching, or in
any other convenient manner; the layers being of different widths to fill out the
groove in which the strap is to run, and the edges of the layer are cut bevel to fit
the sides of the groove, the section of the strap or band thus taking the form of a
trapezium, or what is more popularly termed a conical section.
Any number of such straps may run side by side, and such straps may consist of
any number of layers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1878.
JOHN RICHER, of Twickenham, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
•
This Invention relates to an improved method of applying lever treadles to
bicycles, tricycles, and other velocipedes to facilitate the driving thereof, the seat
of the rider being placed between the driving and trailing wheels, so as to divide
the weight of the rider between the axle of the wheels. By this arrangement more
safety and, comfort is afforded to the rider, who will be prevented from being
thrown over the front wheel handle. For this purpose the axis of the front driving
wheel is supported in bearings in a forked arm, as in other bicycles, and on the
stem at the upper end of the forked arm a guide handle is mounted, being formed
with a socket, so as to be capable of turning freely. To the socket of the guide
handle guide rods or cords are jointed or connected, which pass backwards, their
other ends being jointed to short arms on the upper end of a forked arm, in which
the axis of the trailing wheel revolves. By turning the guide handle the guide
rods cause the fork and trailing wheel (or wheels) to turn in the direction required
to steer the bicycle or other velocipede.
The two forked arms are connected by a curved bar or backbone, on which the
saddle is mounted, being rigidly attached to the front wheel stem, whilst the stem
of the trailing wheel is free to revolve.
The forked arms of the front or driving wheel are continued below the axis, the
ends of a pair of levers or treadles being jointed thereto.
The treadle levers are connected to cranks on the driving wheel (in front of the
rider) by means of suitable connecting rods.
By this arrangement the seat of the driver and the tread of the levers can be
placed much lower than in bicycles of ordinary construction.
My improvements are also applicable to tricycles and other velocipedes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ONE- WHEELED VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1878. (A communication from
abroad by Johannes Heronemus, of Emdrup, near Copenhagen, in the Kingdom
of Denmark.)
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ONE-
WHEELED VELOCIPEDES." (A communication from abroad by Johannes Heronemus,
of Emdrup, near Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark.)
A velocipede made according to this Invention consists of a single wheel, wherein
is arranged a seat for the traveller who is to propel it. The wheel has one central
rim, and to this are fixed the arins which are, say, six or eight in number, half of
them swelled, extended, or bellied out to one side, and half of them similarly to the
other side, each set of arms being fixed to a nave or boss; these arms are
bent out so far and the naves are so far apart that the traveller when in the sitting
posture finds room in the wheel between them.
The arms are by preference not arranged opposite to one another on the two
sides but intermediately.
The naves carry each a crank, and these cranks are by connecting rods jointed to
two bell-crank levers having one arm placed about upright in a position convenient
for the traveller to take hold of for working them backwards and forwards
alternately.
Each bell-crank lever has its fulcrum in the seat for the traveller, which seat is
hung from the naves or axles of the wheel.
The seat is by preference made in scroll form, of light open worked steel plate or
wirework, or partly so, and may have a part extending overhead to carry an
awning to protect against dirt thrown up, and against rain.
From each nave there may be hung a leg serving to steady the velocipede while
entering the same, but which can be thrown up out of the way when travelling.

page_text: The wheel, arms, and the rim may be fitted with stiffeners or diagonals to dis-
tribute the weight or strain over the rim as much as possible.
The velocipede may be eight feet and upwards in diameter, and by this and by
the facility for working it a very great speed is attained, and with safety to the
traveller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR DRUMS FOR VENTILATING MINES OR OTHER CONFINED PLACES, OR FANS AND BLOWERS, APPLICABLE FOR BLOWING FORGES AND CUPOLAS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fourness at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1878.
WILLIAM FOURNESS, of Saint James Street, Leeds, in the County of York,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR DRUMS FOR VENTILATING MINES OR OTHER
CONFINED PLACES, OR FANS AND BLOWERS, APPLICABLE FOR BLOWING FORGES
AND CUPOLAS."
My Invention for ventilating air drums or fans and blowers for blowing forges
and cupolas, is adapted for ventilating mines, ships' holds, public buildings, factories,
and other places, especially of a confined kind, and for blowing forges, especially
smiths' forges and cupolas.
In effectuating my Invention I adopt mainly the following arrangements:-The
outer circumference of the air drum is entirely open, delivering its contents six
times each revolution; there is no backlash, and it is silent in action. There are
six vanes with circular or curved ends for regulating delivery of the air, and box
or covering for constructing the air drum into a blower for smiths' forges and
cupolas. Also air-tight joints between air drum and side pipes; likewise air outlets
for blowing, and side plate, to which the vanes are attached by T or angle
iron.
Side pipes are provided for conveying air into air drum; also foundation plate,
plummer block, and shaft for carrying my improvements.
There is also provided a loose joint on air pipe for lifting drum on or off its
bearings,
A DEVICE FOR THE CLOSING AND SECURING OF WINDOW SASHES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Matthews at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1878.
HENRY MATTHEWS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
"A DEVICE FOR
THE CLOSING AND SECURING OF WINDOW SASHES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
ANALOGOUS PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is to produce a fastener simple in construction but
capable of closing and securing the two sashes of the window to which it may be
applied.
My improvement consists of the following arrangement of parts:—
A body circular in form, in equal division, having at the base a flange; one
section of this body is secured to the upper sash and the other to the lower by
means of the said flange; this body in section is covered by a circular cap rotating
upon the same in either desired direction. Upon the top of the said cap is a spiral
slot engaging a projecting pin or knob which is upon that section of the body that
is upon the upper sash; the cap is actuated by means of a knob affixed thereto.
A most secure fastening is thus afforded; the two sashes are held in close
proximity, the rattling is prevented, and the fastening cannot be interfered with
from the outside..
IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDEN, ROAD, AND OTHER LIKE ROLLERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Price at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1878.
JAMES PRICE, of Dublin, Ireland, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDEN,
ROAD, AND OTHER LIKE ROLLERS."
My Invention consists in the use in substitution for cast-iron or natural stone of
concrete, Portland, or other cement, or other like material capable of being moulded
and setting hard, to form the body and principal weight of rollers used for agricul-
ture, streets, gardens, or other similar purposes.
The outer surface is protected by a cylinder of sheet or plate iron, which after
forming the mould may remain attached so as to provide a smooth and hard
surface.
The interior may be left bollow by using a smaller cylinder, either of iron, earthen-
ware, wood, or other suitable material to form an inner surface to the mould, which
may be removed or allowed to remain permanent.
Irons through which the journals pass are inserted in the concrete so that the
soft material may set round them.
For common and cheap rollers it is preferred to form the inside of a block of
wood to be left in permanently, the journals consisting of round spikes or bolts
driven in at each end.
By using thick spikes and driving the same in without boring the wood the centre
is expanded and tightened in the concrete.
By the use of my Invention the advantages are obtained of cheapness of produc-
tion, and facility for manufacture in any locality and to almost any size and
weight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO COMBINED FOLDING CHAIRS AND LEG-RESTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cedric Randal Boult at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1878.
CEDRIC RANDAL BOULT, of 20, Tower Chambers, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO COMBINED FOLDING CHAIRS
AND LEG-RESTS."
It having been frequently suggested to me that a chair suitable for use on ship
board as well as for land purposes was much wanted, I have designed the subject
of the present Patent to meet this want. In this Invention the chair proper does
not materially differ from some of the folding chairs in common use, but to this
I add a leg rest which is so constructed as to be capable of folding up with the
chair without making it appreciably larger, and so arranged that when folded the
whole can be compressed into preferably not more than two thicknesses of the
wood, metal, or other material of which the chair is made.
The chair as I now propose to make it for use on ship board will consist of a
jointed or hinged framework, such as is common to chairs of this class; the back
seat and leg rest are made of webbing or other suitable material stretched across
either tightly or loosely from frame to frame. The leg rest is supported by small
legs which fold up within it when not required, and the leg rest itself may be
folded underneath the seat of the chair when not in use, and is retained in that
position by a spring or springs or other suitable appliance; the chair can then be
used as an ordinary chair. The arms can be made of such a shape as to fold close,
but this may also be accomplished by means of studs or pins sliding in slots in the
framework. When completely folded the chair can be kept so by any suitable
means, such as springs or other form of fastening.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PAVING ROADS, STREETS, PATH- WAYS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moysey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1878.
JOHN MOYSEY, Engineer, of Leytonstone, in the County of Essex, England. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PAVING ROADS, STREETS, PATH-
WAYS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES."
This Invention relates to the production of slabs of asphalte, combined with stone
known as "road metal," such as Guernsey granite, limestone, flints, or pebbles, and
laying them so as to form a roadway or pavement.
The slabs referred to above are made in the following manner :-
Shallow boxes or trays are made of any size or form to suit the work to be done.
After these boxes or trays have been coated with mud, or any other substance, to
prevent the asphalte from sticking to them, a layer of the above stone is placed in
the bottom of the box or tray, melted asphalte is then poured into the tray among the
stones until the tray is full. When cold the slab thus formed can be turned out, and
used as required. I prefer the stones to be heated before the asphalte is poured on
them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HANDLES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Livesey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1878.
JAMES LIVESEY, of No. 9, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HANDLES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES."
The door and commode handles of railway carriages are usually made of polished
metal, presenting a large surface which requires constant and laborious cleaning.
My Invention relates to the construction of these handles in such a manner that
they present the principal portion of their surface in material which does not
readily become dirty, and which is easily cleaned by simply wiping, such as
porcelain, glazed earthenware, enamel, and other vitreous or ceramic material or
enamelled metal,
For this purpose I make the handle with its exposed face recessed, presenting a
bead all round its edge; I prepare panels of the vitreous or ceramic material with
dovetailed recesses in their backs, into which recesses I cast keys by pouring into
them melted white metal, such as type metal or other alloy that melts at a
moderately low temperature, and has considerable strength and tenacity. Before
casting these keys I find it advantageous to insert into each recess a round core,
which may be of wood, or pipe-clay, or other suitable material, which core is with-
drawn or cleared out when the metal has set. I place the panel thus prepared in
the recessed face of the handle, bedding it therein with suitable cement, and I then
insert from the back of the handle screws which take into the holes of the dovetail
keys and so firmly secure the panel in its place.
When the panel is made of enamelled metal the dovetail keys are unnecessary,
as the screws are in that case inserted into holes in the metal.
According to a modified construction I make the bead at the edge of the handle
slightly under cut, and omit it at one end. I slide the panel into the recess from
the open end, on which I afterwards fix a piece which secures the panel, and which
may either be of such form as to complete the bead, or may be of dovetailed form
to hold the panel like a lewis.

page_text: The panel also may be made in two pieces, each of which having been inserted
under the under cut edge of the bead a middle filling piece of metal is secured
between them.
When the bead is made thin the panel may be secured by burnishing the bead
over the edge of the panel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ulysse Melachrino at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1878.
ULYSSE MELACHRINO, of Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Boot and Shoe Mer-
chant. “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES."
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of that class of heels
for boots and shoes which are made of wood.
Hitherto such heels have been covered with leather which has presented many
disadvantages, as the leather becomes loose, is easily soiled and torn, cannot be
polished, and when worn out cannot be renewed without removing the heel.
Now my Invention consists in manufacturing the heels of wood as hitherto, but
instead of leather I coat or cover them with an impermeablo composition such as
is herein-after described, whereby the cost of manufacture is lessened, the heels aro
rendered waterproof, and have a highly polished or burnished surface which is not
affected by water.
The improved composition which I employ for coating or covering heels according
to my Invention consists of about sixty parts of black spirit varnish (vernis noir),
ten parts of white spirit varnish, and thirty parts of soot or lamp black, the quantity
of white spirit varnish varying according to the brilliancy of the surface required.
These substances are well mixed together so as to form a thick paste, and the
composition is applied by means of a brush, and becomes dry and hard in a very
short time, and will give a highly polished and waterproof surface to the heel.
It will be understood that I can obtain other colours than black, such as, for
example, white, red, or blue, or bronze, by varying the herein-before described
compound.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PASTEBOARD OR OTHER BOXES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Stevenson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1878.
HUGH STEVENSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PASTEBOARD OR OTHER BOXES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates principally to the construction of the sinall pasteboard
boxes used to contain india-rubber bands, confectionary, collars, frills, and such like
small articles of merchandize, but it may also be applied to boxes made from other
materials used for containing or enclosing various other articles.
The form or size of the box may be also varied to suit the nature of the articles
of merchandise to be enclosed.
The object of the Invention is to dispense with the paper or other hinge usually
employed for attaching the lid to the box, which frequently becomes broken, or to
dispense with the use of a loose lid, which is liable to be lost.
A part of the lid or cover I make a fixture, it being firmly fastened to the upper
part of the box. The other portion of the lid I make separate and movable, and I
attach this part to the other at a convenient point by means of a metallic eyelet (or
other suitable attachment) in such a way that the movable portion of the lid can
be turned round horizontally on this eyelet or other attachment as on a pivot. The
box is thus opened or closed by turning round the movable portion of the lid
horizontally, and the lid is not liable to become detached or lost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOTH POWDER BOXES AND OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Bernheim at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1878. A communication
from abroad by Menco Bernheim, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
GUSTAV BERNHEIM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TOOTH POWDER BOXES AND OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES." [A communication
from abroad by Menco Bernheim, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.]
The object of this Invention, which is applicable to other similar receptacles, is to
construct a tooth powder box which shall enable the user to separate from the bulk
a sufficient quantity of the powder for once using, and to place the same conve-
niently for dipping in the brush, so that the whole contents are not liable to be
injured by the introduction of a damp or wet brush as hitherto.
In carrying out the Invention I construct a tooth powder box of oval, round, or
other convenient shape, and I arrange a double lid to the same, one lid being only
opened when it is required to fill or refil the receptacle, the other lid covering an
orifice of smaller dimensions formed in the larger lid, and which is designed to allow
of the entrance of the head of the tooth brush, and immediately beneath this orifice
I suspend a dish, tray, or shelf of slightly larger dimensions than such orifice.
In using this improved tooth powder box it is only necessary to invert the same
for a second when a sufficient quantity of the powder will be found lodged upon the
suspended tray or shelf, into which the brush may be dipped upon opening the
smaller lid hereinbefore mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Boden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1878.
HENRY BODEN, of No. 17, Brighton Terrace, Victoria Park, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
"
My Invention relates to an improved mode of and apparatus for obtaining motive
power, and consists essentially in the utilization of the combined forces of air and
water by means of a reversible wheel, drum, or turbine, enclosed in a perforated
and jacketed cylinder. Valves are provided over the perforations which connect
the jacket of the machine with the inside cylinder (in which the wheel rotates),
which may be opened or closed as occasion requires. The inner cylinder containing
the turbine or wheel may be partially or wholly filled with water or remain
entirely empty until the valves are opened, as may be deemed expedient.
One or
more outlets from the inner cylinder may be provided, passing through the jacket
above mentioned, but perfectly independent of and uninfluenced by the pressure in
the said jacket. These outlets, which communicate with the atmosphere, are pro-
vided with cocks, which may be opened or closed at pleasure. In carrying out my
Invention I provide above and in connection with the jacket of the cylinder a
chamber containing air, which is compressed to the requisite degree by forcing
water obtained from a tank or other suitable receptacle into the apparatus up to
the desired level within the said air chamber by the aid of a pump mounted upon
the same axis as the wheel or turbine; or the water may be introduced in the first
instance by an auxiliary pump if required. Valves are provided for regulating the
inlet of the water to the compressed air chamber and the outlet of the water from
the same, which valves are operated by hand in reverse directions. When it is
required to prepare the apparatus for work both last mentioned valves are opened,
and the pump being set in motion, water is forced into the air chamber, and
thence into the jacket of the cylinder, until the latter is completely filled. The
outlet valve is then closed, and the motion of the pump being continued, the air in
the air chamber will be compressed by the pressure of the water to the requisite

page_text: degree. The air chamber may be connected with the pump by means of a tube
having a check valve for preventing the return of the water.
When the necessary pressure is obtained, if it is not required immediately to
work the engine, the inlet valve is closed; but should it he desired to put the
engine in operation the inlet valve is left open, and the outlet valve is also opened,
and water will then be discharged into the jacket of the cylinder and through the
perforations on to the circumference of the turbine, causing the same to rotate, and
thereby repumping the escape water from the tank to the air chamber, and thus
retain the power that had been obtained.
I affix a safety valve to the air chamber, and claim the right to use either plain
or corrugated cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Craigie Wood and Thomas
Fenelon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April
1878.
HENRY CRAIGIE WOOD and THOMAS FENELON, both of Douglas, Isle of Man.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES."
Our Invention relates to an improved tricycle in which the power is applied
directly without the intervention of any levers or connecting rods to the crank
axle of the driving wheels, and in which the latter also act as the steering wheels,
the frame connecting the front and hind wheels being constructed as hereafter
described to admit of the front wheels assuming a position at any angle to the hind
wheel.
According to our Invention the tricycle consists of a pair of driving wheels of
large diameter and a smaller hind wheel, the driving wheels being mounted on a
cranked axle provided with treadles for the direct application of power, and the
axle being mounted to revolve in bearings in the ends of a semicircular frame
within the curve of which space is afforded for the cranks and the rider's feet to
revolve, and which frame is embraced by clips or straps attached to a cross bar on
the front end of the backbone or perch that terminates at the other end in the
hind wheel fork.
Friction rollers are provided to enable the semicircular frame to slide easily
through the said clips or straps in order that the front wheels may be turned to
any angle to the hind wheel for the purpose of steering the vehicle, and the semi-
circular frame is not quite horizontal, but rises slightly at the back so as to cant
the hind wheel a little when turning.
The rider's saddle is supported on a spring or standard rising from the front end
of the perch or backbone; steering arms rise from the ends of the semicircular frame
and terminate in handles within easy reach of the rider, and to one of them is
pivoted a brake lever provided with a roller brake.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMP-LIGHTING APPARATUS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Dronier at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1878.
PIERRE DRONIER, of 4, Passage Pivert, Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMP-LIGHTING APPARATUS."
My Invention consists in an improved lamp-lighting apparatus.
In carrying out my Invention I place on a wooden or metal socket a vessel or
receiver made of glass or other suitable non-conducting material, which may or
may not be closed by a hermetical cover. The said vessel or receiver may be made
of metal, in which is sealed (by means of plaster, stearine, paraffine, or other
analogous material) a glass vessel. To the cover is fixed the carbon element of a
battery dipping into a solution of bichromate of potash. The zinc element may be
plunged into it at will by means of a spring rod. The zinc element is composed of
an alloy of zinc and mercury, which I form by pouring into melted zinc several
hundredth parts of mercury.
The conductibility of the carbon with the wire leading to the lighter is insured
by placing in the interior of the carbon a fine platinum wire communicating with
the lighter.
The lighter consists of a thin platinum spiral placed vertically, and provided with
a guard or protector of such a form as will allow of its serving as a guide for
bringing it close to any determined position; the end carries the wick of a small
spirit lamp forming part of the apparatus.
The zinc of the battery is terminated by two faces, which form a salient angle,
at the terminal of which I place a piece of glass or metal to facilitate the draining
off of the liquid when the zinc is withdrawn.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ORNAMENTING GLAZED BRICKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Rayner Swallow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1878.
SAMUEL RAYNER SWALLOW, of Farnley, near Leeds, in the County of York,
Manager of Fire-clay Works. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ORNAMENTING GLAZED
BRICKS."
Hitherto the ornamenting of glazed bricks has been effected by burning into the
face thereof figured surfaces decorations of various colors. Now the object of the
present Invention is to facilitate the application of tesserce thereto. To this end I
form the bricks in moulds fitted with projections which will produce recesses in the
face of the bricks as they are moulded, such recesses being the counterparts of the
tesserce to be applied thereto.
The bricks thus moulded will, when burned and glazed, admit of the easy appli-
cation and attachment of the tesserce thereto by means of cement, or they may be
applied, if desired, before glazing the brick.
AN IMPROVED GULLY OR TRAP
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Patchett Greenwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1878.
WILLIAM PATCHETT GREENWOOD, of Halifax, in the County of York, Sanitary
Tube Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED GULLY OR TRAP."
This Invention relates to stench traps or gullies, and refers principally to those
used in connection with the sinks or sewers of dwelling houses, and my improve-
ments consist in constructing the same with two "traps" instead of one only, as
heretofore, the second "trap" being obtained by the use of a diaphragm or mid-
feather, which divides the gully into two portions, one of which is closed at the top
by connection with the midfeather.
In the side of that part of the gully which is enclosed I make an opening with
or without a pipe socket, and through this opening I admit the water to the gully,
instead of admitting it at the top, as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO SHIPS' LOGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Waring at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1878.
WILLIAM WARING, of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
Master Mariner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO SHIPS' LOGS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in or additions to ships' logs.
Heretofore in that class of ship's log in which the propeller which is in the water
communicates motion to the counting apparatus which is on board ship by means
of a cord connecting the two parts together an unequal or intermittent motion is
given to the apparatus and an inaccurate record is the result.
According to my Invention I interpose between the propeller and the counting
apparatus, and close to the latter, a fly wheel, which serves to equalize the motion
of the cord and thereby to ensure a more accurate record.
The fly wheel is provided with suitable hooks or eyes, one on each side thereof,
to facilitate connection and dis-connection with the cord and counting gear.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-ACTING TEMPLES FOR LOOMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Blezard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1878.
WILLIAM BLEZARD, of Padiham, in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-ACTING TEMPLES FOR LOOMS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to the construction of self-acting temples used in loomis
for weaving for keeping the cloth to one uniform width as it is being woven, and
more particularly to that class known as "double-roller temples," the object of the
Invention being to secure the lid or cover thereof to the bed or trough which holds
the temple rollers in a more accurate and efficient manner than heretofore, and so
that it cannot by any means get out of place and injure the points of the rollers.
I enst the bed or trough with a transverse lump or projection at one end, in the
centre of which runs a groove, and I cast the lid or cover with a transverse pro-
jecting rib and two grooves to correspond, the grooves being cast rather narrower
than the projections or ribs. 1 then carefully plane these parts so that they corre-
spond and fit most accurately, and hold the lid or cover in exactly the position
required. I then drill and tap a hole through both, and insert a screw bolt to hold
then firmly together. The lid is thus accurately adjusted in the required position
with regard to the bed or trough, and cannot by any possible means get out of
position.