IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moritz Meisel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May 1865.-
A communication from abroad by Julius Steiner, of Hattingen,°/Ruhr, in
the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, MORITZ MEISEL, of 1, Gloucester Terrace, Old Brompton, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
Figure 1 is a plan in section of spinning machinery arranged and constructed
in accordance with the improvements above referred to, the parts removed
for convenience being similar to those represented. Figure 2 is a front
elevation; Figure 3 is a vertical section taken on the line x; y, of (Figure
1) looking from the left to the right hand end of the machine; Figure 4 is
a vertical section on the line v, w, (Figure 1) looking towards the left-hand
end of the machine; Figures 5 and 6 shew separate views of some of the
parts on a larger scale. The main actuating gear is placed in the centre
of the machine, motion being imparted thereto by means of the shaft E and
pulley D. The shaft E revolves in the direction indicated by an arrow in
Figure 3. F is a cog wheel upon the shaft E, giving motion to the toothed

page_text: wheels G and H, the latter gearing into a spur wheel J fixed on the main
shaft C of the front tension rollers. A bevel wheel C on the end of the
shaft C communicates motion to the transverse shaft K, another bevel wheel
on the opposite end of the shaft K giving motion to the main shaft of the back
tension rollers. The spindles and flyers receive rotatory motion partly
from the vertical shaft N (Figures 1 and 3), and partly from the shaft O,
the shaft N receiving motion from the main shaft E by means of the bevel
wheels M, motion being transmitted to the shaft O from the main shaft C
of the front tension rollers through the bevel wheels Q¹. That part of the
motion of the spindles which effects the proper guiding of the thread is
derived from the vertical shaft P, motion being imparted thereto from the
transverse shaft K by means of the bevel wheel and pinion Q (Figure 4).
a, a, Figures 2 and 3, are the spindles, the lower ends of which are
supported upon the spindle carriers. One row of spindles is placed on each
of the sides of the machine, as shewn in Figure 1. A chain wheel is fixed
on the lower part of each spindle, and upon its upper part the flyer c.is
supported. The lower part c¹ of the flyer is formed into a tube, which is
supported independently, and which at the same time forms the upper bearing
for the spindle. A chain wheel is secured to each of the tubes c¹ in order to
communicate motion to the flyer. The thread may be wound upon the
spindle either directly, or it may be wound upon a paper or tin tube surrounding
the spindle. By means of a peculiar motion of the axis the bobbins are formed
into a shape like that of mule bobbins. The flyers are inverted, and each
spindle is provided with a washer n at its lower end, which washers may be
brought in contact with the arms m projecting from the spindle carriers A, so
that when the latter with the spindles are lowered by means of mechanism to
be herein-after described the bobbins will be doffed. The peculiar shape
and construction, of the chain wheels b and d attached to. spindles and
flyers, as well as that of the chain itself, is shewn on a larger scale in Figure 5.
The links of the chain take into a groove formed around the chain wheels,
which are also formed with teeth or projections which gear with pins projecting
from the chain.. The pitch of the chain wheels is such that two of the teeth
thereon correspond to each link of the chain, and as the number of teeth
or projections on the chain wheels is odd, a. continuous alternation takes
place in their contact with the corresponding pins of the chain, whereby
the wear and tear is not only reduced, but is rendered more uniform. Rotatory
motion is imparted to the spindles and flyers from the two vertical shafts N
and O, as before mentioned. R and R' are two large chain wheels supported
upon the shaft N; f, f, being segments thereon, formed with. teeth set in the

page_text: 3.
direction of the radius, and adjustable upon the body of the wheels, in order to
adapt the position of the teeth in case any elongation of the chain takes place.
As each segment contains but one tooth, a small number of teeth only will
be in contact with the chain at the time. The form of the teeth is made:
to correspond to that of the chain, as previously described. The teeth.
may either act at the edge of the chain. wheels directly (being made
adjustable in the direction of the periphery), or the periphery of the wheels.
may be covered with cloth or. leather, and the transmission of motion. be caused.
by friction. The mode of transmitting motion from the chain wheels R
and R' to the flyers and spindles may be seen in the plan Figure 1. The
chains B shown in the Drawing by single lines touch the chain. wheels b
and a tangentially, and are pressed against them by means of pressing rollers g..
Besides: these rollers two pressing rollers h for either of the chains are placed
at each end of the machine, so as to press upon the chain, as shown in plan,.
Figure 1. The chain wheel R is keyed on to the shaft N,. the wheel R¹.
receiving simultaneously first the axle motion of the spindles for guiding the
thread, and secondly a suitable differential motion for effecting the winding
on of the thread. The way in which: this is accomplished is as follows:
The box is loose on the shaft N; the wheel R¹ may be connected with the-
box k by key, moveable in a notch. The upward motion is performed
through the agency of the arm. S connected to the rails A, the downward
motion being caused by gravity. A bevel wheel is supported upon the
lower end of the shaft N, and gears into another wheel p, whose axis is secured
within a cylinder cast in one piece with the wheel T. The wheel p gears into
the double bevel wheel q, which is loose on the shaft N, and in contact with
the bevel wheel r, the axis of which is supported in the drum or cylinder U...
The wheel r gears into the bevel wheel , made in one piece with. the box.
or collar k. Suppose the cylinders T and U are standing still the wheel R
will, through the medium of the shaft N, performn the same number of revo->
lutions as the wheel R, because all the bevel wheels p, l, q, r, and , liave..
the same number of teeth, therefore no winding on of the thread upon the
spindle. would take place. The winding on will only commence after the
wheel T has been connected with the wheel T"" fixed on the shaft O. Suppose:
the drum U to be standing still, the wheel R' will move at a greater.
speed than the wheel R in consequence of the cylinder T¹ being connected.
with the shaft O. This difference of speed due to the proportion of the wheels.
is equal to four revolutions, whilst the main cylinder shaft C revolves once...
As however the motion of the wheel R must decrease in. the same proportion.
as. the diameter of the. bobbin increases,.in order to wind on uniformly, aud

page_text: also to have the tension of thread as uniform as possible, another way of
transmitting motion from the shaft O may be obtained by means of the
cylinder U. Suppose, for instance, that there be no resistance to the move-
ments of the cylinder U, the entire. motion would be imparted to the latter..
In this machine, however, a brake consisting of a lever' and weight V acts
upon the cylinder U, thereby a self-acting adjustment of the winding' on
motion is obtained, the tension of thread being readily made to correspond to
different numbers of yarn by moving the weight V. The up-and-down motion
of the spindles as before mentioned is produced by the vertical shaft P
(Figure 4). The mechanism consists of a disc W, the disc being loose on
the shaft P, and provided with a spiral shaped rim of the length of five-sixths.
of its circumference, or thereabouts. A friction roller a¹, connected with
the rack A¹, travels upon this rim, and imparts its up-and-down motion to the
spindle carriers.
Figure 6 shows the incline formed by the rim of the disc W when
unwound or laid straight, by which it will be seen that the part A, B, of the
rim inclines regularly and by small degrees, whilst the inclination from Bis:
irregular, and becomes steeper towards the end C. This part of the mechan-
ism for producing the motion in connection with the lowering of the spindles
in general (as will be described hereafter) is intended to give the upper part
of the bobbin the shape shewn in Figure 2. The spur wheel b¹ (40 teeth)
is secured to the lower part of the disc W, W, at the same time being con--
nected loosely with a cylindrical collar. c³, which is furnished with two sets of
ratchet teeth at the top, and with a spur wheel 3 (40 teeth) at the bottom.
The whole of this is enclosed by the cylinder B' (keyed on the axis P), which
contains two spur wheels or toothed pinions n¹ and m³ cast together (having
24 and 26 teeth respectively), and revolving on a pin or axis secured
to the cylinder B¹. The pawl d which is connected to the framework
of the machine, when in operation engages with the cylindrical collar c¹
and keeps it in its position. is another pawl, which whilst moving in one
direction connects the cylinder B¹ with the cylindrical collar c'. Two pins g¹
and h¹ project from the bottom of the disc W, and are for the purpose of
reversing the motion of the disc W. The cylinder B' always turns round
with the shaft P in the direction indicated by the arrow (1) in Figure 1.
During the downward motion of the rack A', which effects also the downward
motion of the spindles, and the winding on of the thread in the direction
from the bottom to the top, the cylindrical collar c¹ is taken hold of by the
pawl d, the roller a¹ comes gradually. in contact with A, B, C, (Figure 6).
A slow rotatory motion of the disc W in the direction of the arrow (2) is

page_text: ; whilst the cylinder B
disc W makes th of
obtained by means of the wheels n', m³, b; and
revolves in the direction of the arrow (1) the
a revolution to one: revolution of the cylinder B¹. The thread during this
manipulation is wound on to the spindle, close side by side. This motion
lasts until the disc W has made ths of a revolution, after which the
pawl d' is disengaged by the bolt g¹, and the disc W commences going back
the other way in consequence of the rope / (wound upon the hub of Win
connection with the weight C acting upon it. The up motion of the
rack A and the spindles, during which the winding on of the thread takes
place in the direction from the top to the bottom, corresponds with the
last-mentioned direction of motion of the disc W. This motion. will be
limited through the agency of the pawl f', which connects the cylinder B¹
with the cylindrical collar c¹, and thereby prevents the disc W from moving
faster than the cylinder B'; the disc W therefore revolves in this direction
with a speed which is 12 times that of its speed in the opposite direction.
By this the thread is caused to be wound on in the shape of a spiral of
greater pitch than before. This part of the motion also ceases at-ths
of a revolution, the pin h¹ then causing the pawl d¹ to act, and to reverse the
motion. One, end of the pawl d' forms a spring which presses downwards
against a convex-pièce when the pawl d¹ is at work; at other times this
spring assists in throwing the pawl. out of gear. With regard to the up-and-
down motion of the spindle rails A¹ it may be further stated that: the
rails are supported by guide carriers D₁ and counterbalanced by weights
shewn at E (Fig. 3).. The carriers D₁ are formed with toothed racks in
front (Fig. 2), which gear into toothed pinions p¹ fixed on the shafts
The mode of imparting motion to the shafts.r' either in one direction or the
other by means of the cross shafts F' and racks A' (Figure 4) is as follows:
-A spur wheel q is supported loose upon the shaft F' and gears into the
rack A', the spur wheel being formed at its left-hand side into a bevelled wheel,
which gears into another bevelled wheel s¹ turning, upon an axis within the
cylinder G. The bevel wheel s¹ gears into a bevel wheel u¹ keyed on the
shaft Suppose the cylinder G¹ is keyed to the shaft F', the up-and-down
motion of the rack A¹ will impart motion to the shaft F¹, and through the
bevel wheels u* this motion will be transmitted to the shafts r¹. A general
lowering of the spindles however is necessary, besides their regular up-and-down
motion, in order to give the bobbins the shape required. This lowering is
produced by the shaft F¹ in the following manner :-The cylinder G¹ is
connected with a box or collar turning loose upon the shaft F', and
supporting a spur wheel 1 (of 41 teeth) at its right-hand side. By its

page_text: side another spur wheel w³ (of 40 teeth) is supported loose upon the axis F¹;
and forms part of a screw wheel P¹ on its right-hand side, this screw wheel
standing still whilst the machine is at work. The spur wheels w¹ and v' gear
into the spur wheels or pinions (4), the latter being cast together and carried
by an axis within the drum H. During the revolution of the drum H' in
the direction indicated by the arrow (7) (Figure 2), a slackening motion
of the spur wheel ¹ takes place, which is equal to part revolution
to one revolution of the drum H', the direction of both these movements
being the same. This motion is imparted to the bevel wheels s' and w¹ by
means of the cylinder G¹, and as u³ is supported upon the shaft F¹ motion is
imparted to the spindle rails, and thus gradually lowers the spindles. At
'the end of the work the drum then standing still the screw wheel P¹
may be turned by means of an endless screw furnished with a handle (3),
and through the agency of the other wheels before described the spindle
.carriers may be still farther lowered in order to facilitate the doffing of the
bobbins. The motion of the drum H¹ is caused by the up-and-down motion of
the rack A', the drum H' being furnished for this purpose with ratchet teeth
on its outer circumference. Two bolts (5) and (6) (Figure 2) are fastened
to the rack A¹ in order to move a bent lever L' to and fro, the hub, of the
drum h' being the fulcrum of this lever, one arm of the latter being furnished
with a pawl. The down motion of the spindles depends upon the duration of
the motion of the cylinder H³, and may be regulated by displacing the bolts (5)
and (6) which must always be done when the number of yarn is changed.
The direction of the motion of the spindles, and consequently the direction of
the twist may be inverted by putting the wheels R¹ and Q into gear, and
after regulating the position of the spindle carriers the machine may be set at
work again.