IMPROVEments in TelLEGRAPH NSTRUMENTS.
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Latimer Clark, of 5, Westminster
Chambers, Victoria Strect, and John Muirhead, junior, of 159,
Crescent, Camden Road, both in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEments in TelLEGRAPH
NSTRUMENTS.
33
Invention of "IMPROVEMENts in Telegraph InstrumenTS.
Sealed the 12th March 1872, and dated the 14th September 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Latimer Clark
and John Muirhead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th September 1871.
WC, JOSIAH LATIMER CLARK, of 5, Westminster Chambers, Victoria
Street, and JOHN MUIRHEAD, junior, of 159, Crescent, Camden Road,
both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH INSTRUMENTS," to be as
follows:-
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to one of us, dated
June 30, 1870, No. 1861, was described the recording telegraphic
signals on a travelling strip of paper or other fabric by causing an

page_text: electro-magnet, when excited by a current reaching it by a line wire, to
give motion to a tube of small diameter so as to bring one end of it into
contact with the travelling surface. The other end of the tube was
connected by a flexible pipe with an ink reservoir containing a suitable
ink, the surface of the ink being nearly level with the open end of the
marking tube. By this arrangement, whenever the open end of the
marking tube is brought in contact with the travelling paper or surface.
it makes a dot upon it, or a line if the contact be prolonged; and if the
marking tube be arranged to remain constantly when at work in contact
with the travelling surface the signal currents cause a motion of the
marking tube in directions at right angles to the direction of motion of
the paper or surface.
According to this Invention in place of supplying the marking
tube with ink through a flexible pipe attached to it we employ a
small reservoir of ink, which is by preference made in the form of a
sphere, and which is balanced upon two axles or knife edges. The
marking tube projects from one side of this reservoir and the arma-
ture of the electro-magnet carried upon an arm projects from the
opposite side, so that as often as the armature is attracted to the
magnet the pen is moved into contact with the paper and marks it.
The globular reservoir is open at the top, and is kept filled from a
reservoir of ink placed conveniently near it. The reservoir consists by
preference of a vessel placed above the sphere, having at the bottom a
supply pipe leading to the sphere. The supply pipe valve is opened by
pressing down a handle, and as often as it is opened the ink flows into
the spherical reservoir.
In another form the vessel containing the ink is placed below the
sphere, and the ink is raised up to it as often as may be required by
means of a pump; or the reservoir may be arranged so that at each
stroke of a piston rod only a certain quantity of liquid is allowed to flow
into the spherical reservoir of the pen.
The paper roller round which the paper passes while it is being marked
by the pen we connect with the handle that stops and starts the clock-

page_text: For giving electrical signals by sound we employ a hammer striking a
flat plate of metal or other material, the whole being enclosed in a
sounding board with a reflector or frame, to confine the sound and
reflect it in one direction only.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Josiah Latimer Clark and John Muirhead in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th March 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSIAL
LATIMER CLARK, of 5, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street, and
JOHN MUIRHEAD, junior, of 159, Crescent, Camden Road, both in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Josiah Latimer Clark and Jõhu
Muirhead, junior, Her special license that we, the said Josiah Latimer
Clark and John Muirhead, junior, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Josiah Latimer Clark and John
Muirhead, junior, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for " IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH INSTRUMENTS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Josiah Latimer Clark and John
Muirhead, junior, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our or their hands and scals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Muirhead, junior, on behalf
of myself and the said Josiah Latimer Clark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :--
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to one of us, dated
June 30th, 1870, No. 1861, was described the recording telegraphic
signals on a travelling strip of paper or other fabric by causing an
electro-magnet, when excited by a current reaching it by a line wire, to
give motion to a tube of small diameter so as to bring one end of it into
contact with the travelling surface. The other end of the tube was
connected by a flexible pipe with an ink reservoir containing a suitable
ink, the surface of the ink being nearly level with the open end of the
marking tube. By this arrangement, whenever the open end of the
marking tube is brought in contact with the travelling paper or surface
it makes a dot upon it, or a line if the contact be prolonged; and if the
marking tube be arranged to remain constantly when at work in contact
with the travelling surface, the signal currents cause a motion of the
marking tube in directions at right angles to the direction of motion of
the paper or surface.
According to this Invention in place of supplying the marking
tube with ink through a flexible pipe attached to it we employ a
small reservoir of ink, which is by preference made in the form of a
sphere, and which is balanced upon two axles or knife edges. The
marking tube projects from one side of this reservoir, and the armature
of the electro-magnet carried upon an arm projects from the opposite
side, so that as often as the armature is attracted to the magnet the
pen is moved into contact with the paper and marks it. The globular
reservoir is open at the top, and is kept filled from a reservoir of ink
placed conveniently near it. The reservoir consists by preference of
a vessel placed above the sphere, having at the bottom a supply pipe
leading to the sphere. The supply pipe valve is opened by pressing
down a handle, and as often as it is opened the ink flows into the
spherical reservoir.
In another form the vessel containing the ink is placed below the
sphere, and the ink is raised up to it as often as may be required by
means of a pump; or the reservoir may be arranged so that at cach
stroke of a piston rod only a certain quantity of liquid is allowed to flow
into the spherical reservoir of the pen.

page_text: Os in Lelegrapn instruments.
The paper roller round which the paper passes while it is being marked
by the pen we connect with the handle that stops and starts the clock-
work in such manner that when the machine is stopped the roller is
withdrawn or placed at a greater distance from the pen point, in order
to prevent the continued flow of ink which takes place when the pen is
constantly worked against the paper while it is not in motion.
For giving electrical signals by sound we employ a hammer striking a
flat plate, the whole being enclosed in a sounding board, reflector, or
frame, to confine the sound and reflect it in one direction only.
In order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section and Figure 2 a transverse section of
apparatus for recording telegraphic signals. Only those parts are shewn
which are necessary to a full explanation of the Invention.
.
a is a small globular ink vessel; it may conveniently be made of thin
copper; it is open at the top, and a tube dips into it to supply the ink.
This ink vessel is hung upon pivots or knife edges between two
standards b. c is an arm fixed to the ink vessel and carrying an
armature d; e is a part of an electro-magnet, which when excited
draws the armature downwards; f is a light spring tending to raise the
armature; 9, 9, are screws to adjust the play of the arm c and parts
connected therewith; h is a pipe passing from the ink vessel and
terminating in a nozzle, the passage through which is fine, but large
enough to allow the ink to cscape and make clear marks when the
instrument is at work. Sometimes we substitute for the nozzle a minute
cup, with a little wheel mounted on an axis within it. This wheel
consists of two discs put sufficiently close together to hold the ink by
capillary attraction, as in a drawing pen. i is a strip of paper like that
now used in connection with the Morse and other instruments. The
paper is moved forward by clockwork, and passes around a roller k
carried by a lever k¹. k² is a handle on the lever. The movement of the
lever starts the clockwork. is a spring incline which locks the lever
k in its place, causing it to bear firmly against the stops which limit its
motion in either direction. When the clockwork is started the paper is
thus brought down close to the marking nozzle, and when the paper is

page_text: stopped it is raised out of the way. This adjustment is only desirable
in delicate instruments in which the movement of the parts is very
small.
In Figure 2 the apparatus which we prefer to employ to supply ink to
the ink vessel is shewn. It consists of an ink reservoir n with a small
cylinder o in the bottom. A pipe p leads from the cylinder into the
ink vessel a which has to be supplied. q is a rod on which is a piston
working in the cylinder o and a valve. When the rod is held up by
the spring in the position in which it is shewn in the Drawing the
valve closes a passage in the bottom of the reservoir, so that the ink
cannot escape. The ink enters the cylinder o through a hole in the
side. When the piston is depressed the valve on its rod is removed from
its seat and a measured quantity of ink is discharged into the ink vessel.
If desired the ink vessel may be supplied by a pump-like apparatus
placed below it.
The apparatus which we employ for rendering electric telegraphic
signals audible is shown at Figure 3, which is a longitudinal section.
a is a striker receiving motion from an electro-magnet in the same way
as the pecker of a Morse instrument; is a thin board or plate, we
make it by preference of birch wood, and it is set within a parabolic
sound reflector c, which we usually make of copper. The reflector may
be a foot more or less in diameter, and it is placed so as to direct the
sound towards the operator or person who is to note the signals.
Figure 4 is a front view of the reflector c and board. b. Holes are
bored in the board to allow the sound to escape.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we would have it understood that we
claim,―
1st. The arrangement of apparatus for recording telegraphic signals,
consisting of a small ink reservoir mounted on pivots or knife edges, and
having a marking tube fixed to it, such reservoir and tube being caused
to rock by means of an electro-magnet or equivalent electric apparatus,
so as to move the marking tube in relation to the surface of a travelling
strip of paper, substantially as described.
2nd. The general arrangement of apparatus for recording telegraphic
siguals, substantially as described:

page_text: In witness whereof, we, the said, I John Muirhead, junior, have.
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
J. MUIRHEAD, JR. (L.S.)