Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 27th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1888
I, JAMES HICKISSON, Proprietor of Bond's Crystal Palace Marking Ink Works,
75 Southgate Road, Hackney, Marking Ink manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of said invention to be as follows
-
My Invention has reference to that class of marking ink pencil in which the
marking point is at one end of the holder and the mordant at the other end thereof,
as described in the Specification of my British Letters Patent No. 9149, dated
18th June 1884, but in such specification it was contemplated to use metallic colours
to form the marking point.
Now my present invention consists in the employment of the aniline colours to form
the marking point, and in carrying out my Invention I use, by preference, the said
aniline colours in the form of a powder, combining therewith any appropriate base, and
then moulding the compound into lengths or sticks. As a suitable base I may use
gums, clays, or albumen. The mordant may be composed of any suitable ingredients
necessary for effecting the fixing of any special colour, or colours, and may be in the
form of a stick or block. It may be placed at the opposite end of the holder to that
in which the marking point is fixed, as before stated. Or I may combine the mordant
with the aniline colour and its base, so that the point then serves, at the same time,
the twofold purpose of a marker and a fixer.
Or instead of the mordant being in the form of a stick or block, it may be in the
form of a powder and may be carried in the holder for use, as desired. When in the
form of a powder the mordant must be mixed with a suitable liquid, prior to applying
the same to the material to be marked.
ERNEST DE PASS,
68, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I, JAMES HICKISSON, Proprietor of Bond's Crystal Palace Marking Ink Works,
75 Southgate Road, Hackney, Marking Ink Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of said Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My invention has reference to that class of marking-ink pencil in which the
marking point is at one end of the holder and the mordant at the other end thereof, as
described in the specification of my British Letters Patent, No. 9149, dated
18th day of June 1884, but in such specification it was contemplated to use metallic or
pigmentary colours to form the marking point.
Now, my present invention consists in the employment of the aniline or coal tar
colours, to form the marking point, for writing or marking upon linen, cotton, and
other fabrics, or materials.
In carrying out my invention, I take any suitable aniline or coal tar colouring
matter, preferably that, or those, having the greater affinity for cotton fibre, that is
to say, those known as "substantive dyes," and amongst which may be enumerated
Congo-red, Benzo-purpurin, Azo, and Methyline-blue, in the form of a powder, and
incorporate them with substances of a plastic or binding nature capable of being
moulded into a solid rod, stick, or point, that may be used as a pencil capable of
producing a more or less indelible stain upon cotton or other fibres. These binding
materials may consist of gums, clays, albumen or gelatine, alone or in combination.
When mordants or fixing agents are requisite, I select those ordinarily used for such
purposes, and well known to dyers, consisting of metallic salts and oxides tannin,
alkalies, and soap, and which I either combine or incorporate directly with the
colouring matter forming the pencil; or I mould them, with suitable plastic materials,
into the form of a block or pad which I attach to one end of the pencil, or I place
them, in the form of a powder, in the interior of the pencil, or holder containing the
pencil; the manner of using pencils so constructed is as follows:
First, with those having the mordanting block or pad attached to the pencil. The
cloth or fabric to be marked is damped or wetted with water, or a suitable solution, at
the part to be written upon, and the block or pad, attached to the pencil, is rubbed
several times over the moist surface.
The surface so prepared is then written upon with the pencil, and the operation
completed by placing a heated iron over the back of the marking until dry.
Secondly, where the mordanting material, in the form of a powder, is enclosed
within the case or holder containing the marking point. A portion of the powder
may be dissolved in a very small quantity of water, or a suitable solution, and rubbed
over the surface of the cloth to be marked, preparatory to writing thereon, after
which the marking may be fixed by using a heated iron in the manner already
described.
Thirdly, where the mordanting material is combined with the colouring matter and
substance of the pencil, such pencil may be used directly by marking or writing on
a surface of fabric, damped or wetted with water, or a suitable solution, and finally
ironed in the manner already described.

page_text: Where compounded or mixed mordants are employed, one or more of the
substances may be incorporated with the colouring matter of the pencil, and the
second moulded or formed into a block or pad, to be attached to the end of
the pencil, and which is used in the manner set forth in the first example.
In manufacturing pencils, rods, or points for the purpose herein described, I make a
mixture of the fall
These materials are ground into a plastic mass by the addition of water, or a
suitable solution, and moulded by pressure, or otherwise, into rods, or any desired
shape; when dry and firm these rods may be placed within the interior of suitable
receptacles, in the manner of a pencil.
In forming the mordanting or fixing block or pad to be attached to one end of a
pencil, I make a mixture of the following materials, varying with the character of
the colouring matter used :
Mordant
Gum
Kaolin
Albumen
-
-
2 parts.
part.
"
"
For pencils constructed with the colouring matters known as Congo-red, Benzo-
purpurin, Chrysamin, Azo and Methyline-blue, I incorporate in the block or pad, to
be attached to the pencil, such mordants as Carbonate phosphate or biborate of soda,
stannate or aluminate of soda; or I may construct it of hard alkaline soap alone.
I may also vary the manner of employing the mordants used; dry acetate of
alumina and albumen may be incorporated in the substance of the block or pad, and
phosphate carbonate or biborate of soda in that of the pencil.
I may also employ as mordants salts of lead, zinc, iron and manganese.
For pencils constructed with such colouring matters as Magenta, Hoffmann, and
other violets, and Regina purple, I may employ salts of tin, lead, antimony, iron,
manganese, zinc, alumina, and tannin, alone or in admixture. A good result may be
obtained by using a pencil formed as follows:
Aniline colouring matter
Tartar emetic
-
4 parts.
part.
In forming the mordanting or fixing block or pad to be attached to one end of a
pencil, I make a mixture of the following materials, varying with the character of
the colouring matter used:
Mordant
Gum
Kaolin
Albumen
-
2 parts.
part.
-
"
-
وو
For pencils constructed with the colouring matters known as Congo-red, Benzo-
purpurin, Chrysamin, Azo and Methyline-blue, I incorporate in the block or pad, to
be attached to the pencil, such mordants as Carbonate phosphate or biborate of soda,
stannate or aluminate of soda; or I may construct it of hard alkaline soap alone.
I may also vary the manner of employing the mordants used; dry acetate of
alumina and albumen may be incorporated in the substance of the block or pad, and
phosphate carbonate or biborate of soda in that of the pencil.
I may also employ as mordants salts of lead, zinc, iron and manganese.
For pencils constructed with such colouring matters as Magenta, Hoffmann, and
other violets, and Regina purple, I may employ salts of tin, lead, antimony, iron,
manganese, zinc, alumina, and tannin, alone or in admixture. A good result may be
obtained by using a pencil formed as follows:
Aniline colouring matter
Tartar emetic
Kaolin
-
4 parts.
part.
-
Gum
Albumen
And for the mordanting block or pad,
Tannin
Gum
Kaolin
Albumen
-
-
-
وو
دو
"
part.
"
"
وو
Where the mordanting material is incorporated with the colouring matter and
substance of the pencil, a good proportion is as follows:
A parts

page_text: I wish it, however, to be understood that I do not confine myself to any of the
proportions above given, or exclusively to the mordants herein-named, as 1 may
employ any one or more of those in common use and well known to dyers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Invention
and in what manner the same may be performed I claim :
1. The manufacture of marking ink pencils from aniline or coal tar colouring
matters, substantially in the manner as hereinbefore described.
2. The particular manufacture of marking ink pencils, rods, or points, hereinbefore
described, and consisting of Methyline or Azo blue, gum, kaolin, and albumen, and
in or about the proportions specified.
3. The particular manufacture of marking-ink pencils, rods, or points herein
before described, and consisting of aniline colouring matter (such as Magenta,
Hoffmann or other violets, Regina purple) Tartar emetic, kaolin, Gum and Albumen,
and in or about the proportions specified.
4. The manufacture and use of mordants in a solid form, as herein before described,
for employment with coloured marking ink pencils composed of aniline or coal tar
colouring matters as specified.
1000