IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARAtus or appliancES FOR THE REGULATION OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE CARBONS OR ELECTRODES IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer of 33 Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE
OF AND APPARAtus or appliancES FOR THE REGULATION OF THE MOVEMENT
OF THE CARBONS OR ELECTRODES IN ELECTRIC LAMPS" communicated to him
from abroad by "La Societe anonyme des ateliers de construction mecaniques
et d'appareils electriques" of Paris Franco
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brewer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1883.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE
REGULATION OF THE MOVEMENT OF TUE CARBONS OR ELECTRODES IN ELECTRIC
И
LAMPS (A Communication to me from abroad by La Societe anonyme des
ateliers de construction mecaniques et d'appareils electriques, of Paris France)
The object of this invention is to regulate the movement of the light carbons
in use in electric lamps with voltaic arc at a fixed or not fixed luminous point.
The principle of this sytem consists essentially in the interposition of a friction
appliance between the cores or movable armatures of the regulating electro magnets
traversed by the current or by a derivation of this current and the apparatus
which determines either the regulation only or the regulation and the displacement
of the carbons; this friction arrangement being arranged so as to be always ready
to operate and to produce without loss of time to the carbon on which it is desired
to act, the slight movements being governed by the magnetic regulating apparatus
of the lamp. It will be understood that a very slight advance or recoil movement
from one of the two pieces constituting the friction appliance in relation to the
other part of the said appliance (these two pieces being always sensibly in contact)
is sufficient to render them solid or independent the one of the other.
This character of the invention is absolutely distinct and does not present
analogy with the means hitherto employed in apparatus for regulating the carbons

page_text: of voltaic are electric lamps. The system may be equally well combined so that
the magnetic apparatus for regulating the lamp may act directly on one of the
parts as a sort of frictional brake collar the other part of which should have a
continuous rotary motion obtained either by means of a special magnetic apparatus
or by means of springs, weight or clockwork; the object of these different
apparatus being to furnish the mechanical power necessary for the regulating or for
the displacement of the lamp carbons.
It will be understood that during the normal operation of the lamps, the two
pieces of the friction appliance remain sensibly in contact when they are not
regulated and as their complete solidity is simply produced by the action of a
very slight excess of pressure regulated between them by the magnetic regulating
apparatus.
This system of regulation is applicable to all kinds of regulators for are electric
lamps; this improved system is applicable to all types of electric are lamps such
for example as those where the movement of the carbons is regulated by means of
cords and counter-weights, or rack, clockwork or any suitable motor.
As applied to a loose burner a central vertical screw with elongated threads
is arranged to turn freely between two fixed pivots the object of which is to soften
and regulate the movement of the upper carbon suspended to the nut which in its
descent communicates to this central screw a rotary movement in a determined
direction. In order to utilize this screw as a means of regulating by adapting to it
the system which is the object of the present invention that is to say to suspend
the movement of the descent of the nut or even to reverse the direction of the
rotation of the central screw and thus to determine the retrograde movement of
one of the carbons I provide at a certain part of this central screw a collar which
divides the thread into two divisions, upper and lower; the thread of the screw of
these two divisions may be the same or different if thought preferable. On the
upper division is placed a second nut which I will call the regulating nut in
opposition to the movable nut on the lower division of the screw which I call
the motor nut; it being then understood that the regulating nut is arranged so as
to be perfectly movable on the upper division of the central screw in such manner
that when in its normal position it rests by its own weight on the collar before
referred to. At a level somewhat lower than that of the collar is placed a plate
held between regulating tappets or screws fitted to the columns of the lamp support
and which limit to a few millimetres, the displacement of the plate against the
underside of which the prolongations of the cores of the regulating bobbins of the
lamp act. Under these conditions a slight displacement of the bobbin cores is
sufficient to raise the plate a sufficient distance for it to come in contact with the
lower face of the regulating nut which till then rested on the collar and conse-
quently turned with it, but by the effect of the friction on the plate the regulating
nut is immediately arrested in its rotary motion and stops the central screw and
consequently the descent of the motor nut, then if the plate continues to be slightly
raised it will cause the central screw to turn in the opposite direction to that when
it is moved by the action of the motor nut descending under the weight of the
lower carbon; this nut not being able to turn is then raised and will thus move
the carbons from one another. As soon as this movement is sufficient for tho
current to recover its normal intensity the regulating bobbins will cease to raise
the rods and the plate descending will allow the regulating nut to descend and
again to rest on the collar and to turn back with it leaving the central screw free
to move by the action of the motor nut, that is to say, in the direction which
determines the approach of the carbons.
It is to be understood that during the operation of the lamp these successive
actions of the motor nut and of the regulating nut instead of taking place at long
intervals may be accomplished at very short ones that is to say that the regulating
nut when the position of the plate has been regulated will be constantly in slight
contact at the same time with the plate and the collar; in this manner it will be
sufficient with a very slight action of the bobbin rods to produce very light

page_text: variations between the pressures produced by one or the other of these pieces on
tho regulating nut which will adhere by its friction with one of them from which
it will receive a greater re-action; the regulation will be then obtained between
excessive straight limits which will assure under all circumstances perfect uniformity
of the light which is required.
One of the great advantages of this system consists in the complete suppression
of all levers, wheels, joints and such like parts entailing loss of time in the
transmission of power; in our apparatus the cores of the regulating bobbins act by
direct contact on the plate which by friction instantaneously transmits action to
the regulating nut.
A modification of the arrangement described for applying our system to an arc
electric lamp in which the movement is transmitted to one of the carbons by
means of a rack is as follows: In this arrangement the teeth of the rack act on a
pinion mounted on a shaft capable of turning freely between two fixed columns or
supports; on this shaft a friction plate is keyed which compels it to turn with the
shaft allowing it to be displaced freely in the direction of its axis, this friction
plate is constantly maintained by a spring against a collar in a piece with the
shaft.
On the other hand we fix on one of the uprights and concentrically to the shaft
a collar, screw threaded on its circumference and on the thread is fitted a second
friction plate similar to the other plate of which it forms the counterpart. It will
be understood that the surfaces of contact of these two plates may be plain or
conical according as may be considered most suitable. On the nave of the second
mentioned friction plate a pulley is mounted round which a cord is passed acted
on at one end by a counter-weight and at the other by an armature of the
magnetic regulating apparatus of the lamp. This pulley and cord may be
dispensed with and replaced either by a simple lever with counterweight or by
a pinion and a rack or by any other appliance capable of transmitting to the last
mentioned friction plate angular displacements corresponding to those of the core
of the electro regulator.
The apparatus being established as has just been described it will be understood
that the rack constantly descending by the weight of one of the carbons, the first
mentioned friction plate from it receives a corresponding rotary motion but as soon as
the two carbons in approaching modify the intensity of the current which traverses
the regulating apparatus, the armature of this latter acting on the cord causes the
second mentioned friction plate to turn by the action of the thread of the screw
at its middle approaches the first mentioned friction plate coming in contact with
it and by its friction arrests at first its rotary motion and consequently the
descent of the rack which carries the carbon; then the action of the core regulator
continuing causes the rack to bo raised by the pinion and effects the distancing
of the carbons. At this moment the regulating appliance ceasing to act the
second mentioned friction plate returns by the action of the first mentioned
friction plate up to the point where iu going back on its thread it ceases to be in
contact with it; the approach of the carbons takes place freely and the systein
is then ready to operate afresh when the distance between the carbons shall
become too weak.
During the movement of the lamp the two friction plates are constantly in
contact and the slight movements of rotation which they take in one direction or
the other are very small and are accomplished in very short intervals of timo
which assures the perfect regulation of the light of the lamp.
It is very easy to understand that in various ways the mode of arranging the
friction appliance may be varied which is interposed between the magnetic
regulating element and the carbon carriers; this is why I have only described
these two arrangements as a sample reserving the right to vary the arrangements
according to the nature of the lamps to which the system is to be applied.
It is thus for example that one can as has been before stated conveniently employ
the apparatus to obtain the regulation of the carbons by making use of a special

page_text: system of electro magnet or solenoid to determine the distance of the carbons
necessary for the light; in this case which permits of mounting the lamps in
tension in the same circuit, the bobbins of the magnetic regulating appliance will
be made of suitable calculated dimensions and a very fine wire and resisting so as
not to take to the main circuit of the lamp but a weak current derived from the
first; the weak power of a magnetic system thus established is however sufficient
to produce the slight displacements necessary for one of the parts of the friction
appliance to make it solid or not with this movable counterpart and to thus
determine the regulation of the movement of the carbons in accordance with their
consumption. To attain this result in our system of lamp all that is necessary is
to dispense with the regulating nut and provide the central screw with a collar
which may be in a piece with it so that it may gently recede in the longitudinal
direction of the screw that is to say in a manner analogous to the first mentioned
friction plate this collar should be of a size sufficient that it may come in contact
with either the top or bottom of a plate acted on by the cores of the regulating
bobbins;
under these conditions by regulating the position of the latter plate so
that it comes very near the collar on the screw which collar will come in contact
with the plate and the rotary movement of the screw and consequently the descent
of the motor nut will become suspended while the carbons will be sufficiently
apart; if on the contrary the distance apart of the carbons becomes too great, the
cores of the regulating bobbins by displacing the plate will allow the screw to turn
and consequently the motor nut to bring the carbons sufficiently together.
All these actions are effected in a very short space of time the regularity of the
light is assured in a perfect manner the regulating appliance having no other
function to perform
Instead of using the friction appliances with circular motion I can equally employ
these arrangements wherein the friction is produced on rectilineal plane or curved
surfaces; it is thus that we can allow the carbon which it is desired to regulate to
be suspended to a metallic rod in contact with a jointed “sabot " brake on one of
the ends of a lever the other end of which is operated by the core of the solenoid of
the regulating apparatus of the lamp.
It will be understood that the weakest displacement of this core will regulate or
cause the variations in the pressure of the "sabot" brake on the rectilinear surface
of the carbon carrier rod which will regulate the descent of the latter according
to the variations which will be produced in the light current by means of the
gradual wear.
Any other analogous arrangement may be employed with the same object and it
is sufficient to make use of the rectilinear friction appliances according to the
construction or arrangement of the lamp to which it is to be adapted.
To complete the comprehension of the invention which I have so far described I
will describe in detail the application to a lamp of a loose upper burner as well as
a lamp with similar lower burner. The lower fixed carbon is carried by two
supports and the upper carbon is suspended by sliding rods fixed to a nut carbon
carrier, this latter is guided by fixed rods which constitute the metallic frame of
the lamp, this combination of movable pieces may besides in a great degree be
equalized by any other suitable means.
A regulating nut is mounted at the upper part of the central screw which
constitutes the principal part of the lamp is as well as the bolt carbon-carrier
provided with three small metallic pieces taking into the threads of the central
screw in order that the friction may be reduced as much as possible, this
regulating nut rests when the lamp is not in operation on a collar ou the upper
part of the central screw and immediately below it is fitted the friction plate
guided and kept between screw blocks fitted on arins mounted on fixed rods
constituting the frame of the lamp.
The cores of the regulating solenoids abut directly under these plates and
determine the regulation of the carbons by allowing or arresting the rotary motion
of the central screw by the friction they cause between the plate and the regulating

page_text: nut and even by reversing the direction in which the central screw revolves when
the pressure of the cores undor tho plato is sufficient to raise the regulating nut.
The regulating of the position of the cores is effected on one hand by means of a
pressure screw resting on an arm fitted to fixed rod, and on the other hand by the
aid of scrow threaded button acting on wires provided with springs and which
after having passed round pulleys arranged at the lower part of the lamp are
connected by means of bridles to the base of these cores so as to regulate exactly
their rising and consequently their action on the regulating nut.
In the type of lamp with lower burner the relative arrangement of rods carrying
the carbon on which the regulating is to be applied is alone modified and these
rods are connected to the carbon carrier nut by means of wires passing round
pulleys, these wires are attached so as to allow the carbon carrier nut to be displaced
to a greater degree than the displacement which it communicates to the carbon on
which the regulation operates; it is easy to understand the oporation of this kind
of lamp with lower burner by referring to the description of the different appliances
given for the arrangement with upper burner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Patent Office on the 2nd February
1884.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE
REGULATION OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE CARBONS OR ELECTRODES IN ELECTRIC
»
LAMPS (A communication to me from abroad by La Société Anonyme des
Ateliers de construction mecanique et d'appareils électriques of Paris France)
The object of this invention is to regulate the movement of the light carbons in
use in electric lamps with voltaic arc at a fixed or not fixed luminous point. This
system essentially consists in the interposition of a friction appliance between the
cores or movable armatures of the regulating electro-magnets traversed by the
current or by a derivation of this current and the apparatus which determines
either the regulation only or the regulation and the displacement of the carbons of
a special friction appliance always ready to operate and to produce without loss of
time to the carbon on which it is desired to act the slightest movements being
governed by the magnetic regulating apparatus of the lamp; this friction
appliance being composed of soft pieces of metal one of which is mounted on a
-screw-thread, the other turning slightly under the pressure of the first; these two
parts remain in contact one with the other even when they are not regulated and
as their complete solidity is simply produced under the action of a very slight excess
of pressure regulated between them by the magnetic regulating apparatus.
This system of regulation is applicable to all kinds of regulators for electric are
lamps; this improved system is applicable to all types of electric arc lamps such
for example as those where the movement of the carbons is regulated by means of
cords and counter-weights or rack clock-work or any suitable motor. In order that
the invention may be fully understood I will proceed to describe the same with tho
aid of the accompanying drawings.
Sheet 1, Figure 1 illustrates this system of regulating by friction the carbons of
an electric arc lamp.
Figure 2 shows an arrangement of the same application as applied to a lamp
with rack.
Sheet 2 Figure 1 shows in vertical section on the line a, b, c a lamp of this
system with central regulating screw and upper burner provided with friction
regulating appliances; Figure 2 represents a vertical section at right angles to the
preceding of the same lamp with upper burner; Figure 3 is a view in plan of
the lamp on the line de; Figure 4 is a horizontal section on line f, g; Figure 5 is a
horizontal section on the line h, i.
Sheet 3 Figure 1 is a view in sectional elevation of a lamp constructed according
to this Invention with lower burner and also provided with friction regulating
appliances. Figure 2 is a view also in sectional elevation taken at a right angle to
the preceding. Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line k, l, and Figure 4. is
another horizontal section on the line m, n.
As seen at Figure 1, Sheet 1 which represents the application of the invention
to a lamp of this system with a not stationary burner A is the central vertical
screw with elongated or quick threads arranged to turn freely between two fixed
pivots, the object of which is to soften and regulate the movement of the upper
carbon suspended to the nut B which in its descent communicates to this central
screw A a rotary movement. In order to utilize this screw as a means of regulating
by adapting to it the system which is the object of the present invention that is

page_text: to say to suspend the movement of the descent of the nut B or even to reverse the
direction of the rotation of this screw A and thus to determine the backward move-
ment of one of the carbons, I form at a certain part of this central scrow a collar E
which divides the thread into two divisions of which C is the upper portion and A
the lower; the thread of the screw of these two divisions may be of the same or
different pitch if thought preferable. On the upper division C of the thread is
placed a second nut .D which I will call tho regulating nut in opposition to the
movable nut B on the lower divisions of the screw A which may be called tho
motor nut. It being understood that the regulating nut D is arranged so as to be
perfectly movable on the upper division of the central screw C in such manner
that when in its normal position it comes down by its own weight and rests on
the collar E before referred to. At a level somewhat lower than that of the collar
E is placed a plate F held between regulating tappets G or set screws fixed to the
columns H of the lamp support or framework and which limit to a few millimeters
the displacement of the plate, against the underside of which plate F the prolonga-
tions of the cores I of the regulating bobbins J of the lamp act. Under these
conditions a slight displacement of cores I of the bobbins is sufficient to raise the
plate Fa sufficient distance for it to come in contact with the lower face of the
regulating nut D which till then rested on the collar E and consequently turned
with it but by the effect of the friction of the nut D on the plato F the regulating
nut D is immediately arrested in its rotary motion and stops the central screw A. Č
and consequently the descent of the motor nut B, then if the plato F continues to
be slightly raised it will cause the division of central scrow C on which it rests to
turn in the opposite direction to that when it was moved by the action of the
screw. B and descending under the weight of the lower carbon; this nut B not
being able to turn is then raised and will thus distance the carbons from one
another. As soon as this movement is sufficient for the current to recover its
normal intensity the regulating bobbins J will cease to raise the core rods I, and
the plate F by lowering will allow the regulating nut D to descend and again to
rest on the collar E and to turn with it leaving the central screw A, C, free to
move by the action of the motor nut B, that is to say, in the direction which
determines the approach of the carbons.
It is to be understood that during the operation of the lamp these successive
actions of the motor nut and of the regulating nut instead of taking place at long
intervals may be accomplished at very short ones that is to say that the regulating
nut D when the position of the plate F has been regulated will be constantly in
slight contact at the same time with the plate F and the collar E in this manner a
very slight action of the rods I will be sufficient to produce very slight variations
between the pressures produced by one or the other of these pieces on the
regulating nut D which will adhere by its friction with one of them from which it
will receive a greater reaction, the regulation will be then obtained between very
short limits which will assure under all circumstances perfect uniformity of the
light which is required
One of the great advantages of this system consists in the complete suppression
of all levers, wheels, joints and such like parts which entail loss of time in the
transmission of power while in this apparatus the cores of the regulating bobbins
act by direct contact on the plate F which by friction instantaneously transmits
this action to the regulating nut D.
Figure 2 sheet 1 shows a modification of the arrangement just described for
applying this system to an arc electric lamp in which the movement is transmitted
to one of the carbons by means of a rack K As will be seen in this arrangement
the teeth of the rack K act on a pinion L, mounted on a shaft M capable of
turning freely between two fixed columns or supports N; on this shaft a friction
plate o is held by a key P which compels it to turn with the shaft M allowing it
to be displaced freely in the direction of its axis, this friction plate is constantly
maintained by a spring Q against a collar R in a piece with the shaft M.
On the other hand there is fixed on one of the uprights N and concentrically to

page_text: the shaft M a collar S screw threaded on its circumference and on its thread is
fitted a second friction plate T similar to the other plate O of which it forms the
counterpart It will be understood that the surfaces of contact of these two plates
may be plain or conical according as inay be considered most suitable. On the
nave of the second mentioned friction plate T a pulley U is mounted round which
a cord V is passed acted on at one end by a counterweight and at the other by an
armature of the magnetic regulating apparatus of the lamp. This pulley U and
cord V may be dispensed with and replaced either by a simple lever with counter-
weight or by a pinion and a rack or by any other appliance capable of transmitting
to the last mentioned friction plate displacements corresponding to those of the
core of the electro regulator.
The apparatus being established as has just been described it will be understood
that the rack K constantly descending by the weight of one of the carbons the
friction plate O from it receives a corresponding rotary motion but as soon as the
two carbons in approaching modify the intensity of the current which traverses
the regulating apparatus the armature of this latter while acting on the cord V
causes the friction plate T to turn and which by the action of the thread of the
screw at its middle approaches the first named friction plate O coming in contact
with it and by its friction arrests at first its rotary motion and consequently the
descent of the rack K which carries the carbon; then the action of the core
regulator continuing causes the rack to be raised by the pinion L and effects tho
distancing of the carbons. At this moment the regulating appliance ceasing to act
the friction plate T returns by the action of the friction plate O up to the point
where in going back on its thread it ceases to be in contact with it the approach of
the carbons takes place freely and the system is then ready to operate afresh.
During the movement of the lamp the two friction plates O and T are constantly
in contact and the slight movements of rotation which they take in one direction
or the other are very small and are accomplished in very short intervals of time
which assures the perfect regulation of the light of the lamp.
It is very easy to understand that the ways of arranging the friction appliance
which is interposed between the magnetic regulating element and the carbon
carriers may be varied, this is why I give only these two arrangements as an
example reserving the right to vary the arrangements according to the nature of
the lamps to which the system is to be applied..
It is thus for example that one can as has been before stated conveniently
employ the apparatus to obtain the regulation of the carbons by making use of a
special system of electro magnet or solenoid to determine the distance of the
carbon necessary to produce the light; in this case which permits of mounting the
lamps in tension in the same circuit the bobbins of tho magnetic regulating
appliance will be made of suitable calculated dimensions and a very fino wire and
resistant so as not to take to the main circuit of the lamp but a weak current
derived from the first; the weak power of a magnetic system thus established is
however sufficient to produce the slight displacements necessary for one of the
parts of the friction appliance to inako it solid or not with this movable counter-
part and to thus determine the regulation of the movement of the carbons in
accordance with their consumption. To attain this result in this system of lamp
represented at Figure 1 sheet 1 all that is necessary is to dispense with the
regulating nut D and provide the central screw A with a collar which may be in n
piece with it so that it may gently recede in the longitudinal direction of the screw
that is to say in a manner analagous to the friction plate O Figure 2 sheet 1 for
example; and this collar should be of a sufficient size that it may come in contact
with either the top or bottom of a plate F acted on by the cores of the regulating
bobbins under these conditions by regulating the position of the latter plate so
that it comes very near the collar E as soon as this collar will come in contact
with the plate the rotary movement of the screw and consequently the descent of
the motor nut will become suspended all the while that the carbons will be
sufficiently apart, if on the contrary the distance apart of the carbons becomes too

page_text: great, the cores of the regulating bobbins by displacing the said plate will allow
the screw to turn and consequently the motor nut to bring the carbons sufficiently
together.
All those actions being effected in a very short space of time the regularity
of the light is assured in a perfect manner the regulating appliance having no
other function to perform.
To complete the comprehension of the invention which I have so far described
I will now describe in detail the application to a lamp with a not stationary upper
burner shown at sheet 2 as well as to a lamp with similar lower burner shown at
sheet 3 as will be seen in the arrangement represented at sheet 2 Figures 1, 2, 3,
4, & 5 which represent a lamp with upper burner not fixed: The lower fixed
carbon X is carried by two supports AA and the upper carbon Y is suspended
by sliding rods B B fixed to a nut carbon carrier D this latter is guided by fixed
rods CC which constitute the metallic frame of the lamp this combination of
movable pieces may besides in a great degree be equalized by any other suitable
means not shown in the drawings.
The regulating nut E is mounted at the upper part of the central screw H and
is as well as the nut carbon carrier D provided with three small metallic picces I
taking into the threads of the central screw H in order that the friction may be
reduced as much as possible this regulating nut E rests when the lamp is not
in operation on a collar F on the upper part of the central screw H and
immediately below it is fitted the friction plate G guided and kept between
screw tappets fitted on arins J mounted on the fixed rods C C constituting the
frame of the lamp.
As will be seen in the drawing the cores K of the regulating solenoids Labut
directly under the plate G and determine the regulation of the carbon by allowing
or arresting the rotary motion of the central screw H by the friction they causo
between the plate G and the regulating nut E and may even reverse the direction
in which the central screw H revolves when the pressure of the cores K under the
plate G is sufficient to raise the regulating nut E.
The regulating of the position of the cores K is effected on one hand by means
of a pressure screw M working in arms N fitted to fixed rod C C and on the other
hand by the aid of screw-threaded button O acting on wires P provided with
springs Q and which after having passed round pulleys R arranged at the lower
part of the lamp are connected by means of bridles S to the base of these cores
so as to regulate exactly their rising and consequently their action on the
regulating nut E.
In the type of lamp with lower burner and as shewn in Sheet 3 of the drawings
the relative arrangement of movable rods B B carrying the carbon on which the
regulation is to be applied is alone modified and these rods are connected to the
carbon carrier nut D by means of threads T passing round pulleys UU these
threads are attached so as to allow the carbon carrier nut D to be displaced to a
greater degree than the displacement which it communicates to the carbon on
which the regulation operates the same letters of reference are used in sheet 3
as in sheet 2 to indicate corresponding parts; it is therefore easy to understand
the operation of this kind of lamp with lower burner by referring to the
description of the different appliances given for the arrangement with upper
burner.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as the aforesaid "Improvements
in Electric Arc lamps
23
First. A friction arrangement or appliance for regulating voltaic are electric
lamps acting on the carbon holders and composed of two pieces one of which is
formed by a nut mounted on a screw and the other of a concentric friction disc or
plate very close to the nut and free to yield sufficiently to the pushing action the
movements of the regulating solenoids acting either on the nut or on the plate, all
substantially as set forth.

page_text: Second. The application of the system to the lamp with central screw
supporting the nut carbon carrier the employment of a second nut arranged on
this screw and turning with it by resting on a projection or collar formed on this
screw and the adaptation under this nut of a plate or friction disc the exact
position of which is regulated by means of a stop screw and which is acted on by
the cores of the solenoid regulators of the lamp in such manner that the plate thus
raised produces a sufficient pressure on the lower circumference of this nut it
prevents it from turning with the screw and holds it fast by thus opposing itself
to the descent of the nut which supports one of the carbons of the lamp the
regulation of which is thus produced without the employment of any mechanical
appliance entailing loss of time between the action of the regulating solenoid
and the pieces carrying the carbon on which operates the regulation of the
lamp.
Third. In regulating the bringing together and distancing the carbons for the
light when use is not made of a special magnetic arrangement, for this purpose the
utilising of the same regulating nut by giving to the plate operated directly by
the prolongation of the regulating solenoid cores sufficient play to make the
regulating nut which it keeps fixed by its contact to reascend the desired distance
in order to impart to the central screw of the lamp the necessary rotaty motion to
cause the carbon carrier nut to reascend and thus to regulate tho necessary distance
of the carbons apart for the production of the arc.
Fourth When this friction system is employed for the regulation of the
carbons the power of dispensing with the use of the regulating nut the movable
plate above described then acting simply on the lower part of the projection
formed on the central screw of the lamp the friction being exerted by this plato
on this projection by the action of the magnetic regulating apparatus not allowing
-the carbon-carrior-nut-to-descend.except. in proportion to the combustion
Fifth. The friction arrangement as applied to a lamp with a rack one of the
discs or friction cones being in a piece with a pinion gearing into the rack and the
other disc or cone being driven by a cord or lover operated by the core of the
regulating solenoid and being mounted on a screw-threaded axis which causos
the latter to advance on its counterpart which is provided with a spring which
allows it to yield to the pressure whilst it is displaced to produce the regulation or
even the necessary displacements to obtain the distancing of the carbons if thought
necessary substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The mode of application of the system of regulation by friction before
described to two kinds of arc lamps which have been described and which havo
been represented in the annexed drawing one of these types corresponding
to a lamp with an upper burner and the other type to a lamp with a lower
burner
In witness whereof I the said Edward Griffith Brewer have hereunto set my
hand and scal this First day of February in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four
EG BREWER. (L.S.)