matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR COMPOSITIONS FOR PROTECTING POLISHED SURFACES OF IRON AND STEEL AGAINST OXIDATION, AND FOR RENEWING AND IMPROVING THE POLISH OF SUCH SURFACES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Holt and Frederick Luke
Stott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 80th July 1862.
We, THOMAS HOLT, File Manufacturer, and FREDERICK LUKE STOTT,
Machine Maker, both of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR
COMPOSITIONS FOR PROTECTING POLISHED SURFACES OF IRON AND STEEL AGAINST
OXIDATION, AND FOR RENEWING AND IMPROVING THE POLISH OF SUCH SURFACES," to
be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in a combination of lime, oils, and fatty matters,
camphor, and a solvent of camphor. We prefer to use the substances named
below in about the proportions given (by weight), but we vary the proportions
or use one substance in preference to the others, according to the purpose for
which the composition is required, that is, we prefer to use 40 parts of lime,
54 parts of lard, mutton suet, or beef fat; I part of oil of cloves, 4 parts of
camphor, and 1 part of turpentine.
If we require a composition hard and solid at ordinary temperatures, wo
use mutton suet alone, but if of a more liquid character we use lard alone, but
we sometimes use all the fats mentioned in one composition. The turpentine
is used as a solvent for the camphor, and the oil of cloves to neutralize the
smell of the camphor.
This composition is applied to the polished surfaces intended to be protected

page_text: against oxidation, and when removed with friction it will renew or improve
the polish of the surface. For polishing or improving the polish of surfaces
merely a little of the composition is applied with friction, and the articles of
iron or steel so treated with it will retain their polish longer, and will be less
liable to rust than they would when treated with polishing compositions
hitherto used.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW PROPELLERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Krupp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April
1862.
I, ALFRED KRUPP, of Essen, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Cast Steel Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW PROPELLERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming screw propellers in one piece or in two or
more pieces from a solid block or blocks of cast steel, and forging the said
block or blocks into the necessary shapes. Where it is desirable for con-
venience or economy to form the propeller in two or more pieces, I forge
the pieces from solid blocks of cast steel, and fit them together.
I am aware that it has been already proposed to form screw propellers by
casting them into the requisite shape in steel, but screw propellers thus made
would be liable to be more or less faulty, and I therefore lay no claim to
manufacturing screw propellers upon this plan; but what I do claim is the
forging of screw propellers in one, two, or more pieces from solid blocks or
ingots of cast steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Willian Crane Wilkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd October 1862.
I, WILLIAM CRANE WILKINS, of Long Acre, in the County of Middlesex,
Lighthouse Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, first, to an adaptation or combination of parts
when using burners formed of two or more concentric rings perforated for the
escape of the gas for combustion. Each ring of the burner is supplied from
a separate reservoir or chamber through two or more branch passages, which
branch passages vary in number with the size of the ring with which they
communicate, and each of such reservoirs is supplied by a separate pipe or
channel with a tap or valve adapted to regulate the quantity of gas for the
time to be-supplied to such reservoir; by which means the quantity of gas
supplied to any part of the respective rings is rendered uniform, and that to
any one ring is capable of being regulated in relation to that supplied to the
other ring or rings. I apply with such burner a glass chimney contracted
somewhat at a distance a little above the burner rings, and I apply adjusting
means to adjust the height of such contracted part. I also apply fine wire
gauze or other fine reticulate openwork to regulate the supply of air
upwards to the burner, and I apply a fence between such reticulate open-

page_text: work and the glass chimney. Each ring of the burner may be perforated
with one or more rows of holes; when two rows of holes are employed, I
arrange the holes of one row to intersect those of the other.
The improvements relate, secondly, to a combination of parts forming a
burner. To a ring burner with two rows of holes for the passage of the gas to
be consumed I apply an internal cone, or inverted bell, by preference, with a
passage through it, so that air, in addition to being deflected from the interior
on to the flame, may pass through such cone, and externally I apply a cone, the
upper edge of which is about on a level with the upper edge of the ring.
Outside of this cone I apply a glass chimney, which is contracted or reduced
in diameter above the flame. Between the cone and this chimney air is
permitted to flow through perforations. Gas burners, according to my
improvements, are particularly applicable to lighthouses and such like places,
as well as to other uses.
AN IMPROVED TRAP FOR CATCHING RATS, MICE, BIRDS, AND OTHER ANIMALS ALIVE
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lees, of the Rookery, Salterbebble, near
Halifax, in the County of York, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
TRAP FOR CATCHING RATS, MICE, BIRDS, AND OTHER ANIMALS ALIVE."
Sealed the 15th August 1862, and dated the 18th February 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lees at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1862.
I, JOHN LEES, of the Rookery, Salterhebble, near Halifax, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
TRAP FOR CATCHING RATS, MICE, BIRDS, AND OTHER ANIMALS ALIVE," to be as
follows:-
This improved trap consists of a box or case formed with open ends and top,
or in other words a box formed with a solid bottom and sides lined with sheet
metal; the top (if the trap be for catching small animals, such as rats, mice,
birds, and the like,) may be formed of wire, or wire and sheet glass, one end
also may be of strong glass, the other end is a door or flap hinged to the upper
part of the trap, said door or flap having a spring bolt affixed to the outside
thereof, so as to project beyond the bottom edge of said door or flap, the

page_text: point of said bolt taking into a hole in the bottom of the box or case for
the purpose hereafter mentioned; within said box or case, and at a short
distance from the glass end thereof a wire frame covered or laced with twine
is suspended from the top of the trap; the top of said wire frame has a hook
'affixed thereto, which projects above the top of the trap, said hook being
employed to keep the door of the trap up when set for use by means of a
spring rod fixed to said door, the other end of said rod being lightly adjusted
and held by the aforesaid hook. In setting the aforesaid trap for catching rats
and mice, malt or bran may be sprinkled on the bottom thereof, care being
taken to put the greatest quantity between the glass end and the wire frame
aforesaid, by these means several rats or mice may be caught at one time, the
door of the trap only closing by the animal endeavouring, to force his way
through the laced work of the wire frame aforesaid to get at the malt or
bran behind same, the effect of which is to remove the catch or hook from
the lever which holds the door of the trap up, and allow the said door to close
by the action of the spring thereon, and simultaneously with such closing to
cause the spring bolt aforesaid to enter the hole in the bottom of the trap, and
thus keep the door securely fastened. Traps thus constructed and formed of
suitable size, strength, and materials, may be employed with advantage for
catching hares, dogs, foxes, and other animals of similar size, and even horses
and other large animals, the trap being suitably baited for the purpose; or
such trap may be made with a door at each end thereof, and a partition in the
centre of the length thereof; or, the trap may be of any other shape, with
several separate doors and compartments, and of any suitable material.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF STRENGTHENING WOODEN SHUTTERS AND DOORS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Draper and Edward
Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th July 1862.
We, EDWARD DRAPER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, and
EDWARD THOMAS, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF STRENGTHENING WOODEN
SHUTTERS AND DOORS," to be as follows:-
This our said Invention consists of the application of hardened and tempered
steel or iron plates to doors and shutters where defence against burglars or others
is required, and also in the means of hardening and tempering the said plates,
and in the application of steel plates for the purpose of defence (to the said
shutters and doors) when hardened and tempered in the usual way. When
we use sheet steel for the purpose of defence we mostly find that of twenty-four
wire-gauge to be of sufficient strength. The iron should generally be about
twenty wire-gauge. The preparation of either or both may be thus described:-
We take sheet steel or sheet iron and cut it to the form required, which said
form we will call a blank, and after the holes for fixing it are punched and
countersunk the blank is planished by a hammer or otherwise, and then put
into a pickle or solution of sulphate of potash, white arsenic, and salt dissolved
in water; the saturation or pickling hardens in intensity according to the length
of time the blanks remain in it and according to the strength of the solution.
In some cases we find the following proportions suitable, viz., 9 gallons
water, 2 lbs. arsenic, 1 lb. sulphate of potash, 4 lbs. rock salt, but we do not

page_text: restrict ourselves to these proportions. The steel plates may also be hardened
by the usual process for saws and such like articles. These hardened and
tempered sheets or blanks, as also the before-mentioned, may be used to line
boxes, panels, or any receptacle for property when it is desired to protect the
contents by shutters or covers. We also use, in carrying out our Invention,
sheets or plates of steel however hardened and tempered, and whether hardened
and tempered or not.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- PACTURE FROM VEGETABLE PRODUCT OF GLUCOSE OR FERMENTABLE SUGAR
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennous
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st March 1862.-A communication from Martial Victor Jouannet,
residing at the Faurelles Commune of Jurignac (Dept de la Charente),
in France.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
PACTURE FROM VEGETABLE PRODUCT OF GLUCOSE OR FERMENTABLE SUGAR," (a
communication), to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me consists, firstly, in the application of
the "carob beans" or fruit of the carob tree ("ceratonia siliqua," L.), to the
production of a species of glucose or fermentable sugar adapted to a variety of
manufacturing purposes.
Secondly, in the processes by aid of which this substance is extracted from
the raw material thus applied, and which may be described as follows:-
1stly, reduction of the fruit to a state of fine division by means of graters or
other appropriate mechanism.
2dly, digestion of the reduced matter for twenty-four hours at a temperature
of sixty degrees centigrade (140° Fahrenheit) in water five times the weight
of the mass and hydrocholoric acid one thousandth part in weight of the water
employed.
3dly, neutralisation of the acid re-action in the digested matter by the

page_text: addition of an alkaline carbonate (carbonate of soda, potash, or lime for
instance) in such proportions as may be required.
4thly, filtration of the mass. The object of this process is to separate from
the liquid not only the undissolved parts of the fruit, but also the nitrogenized
elements dissolved in the digestion and afterwards reduced as an insoluble.
precipitate by the neutralisation of the acids.
5thly, clarification and concentration of the filtered liquid in the ordinary
way.
The glucose thus obtained may be employed in the manufacture of beers,
spirits, vinaigers, wines, confectionery, and other products, while the solid
residues of the filtration may be utilized for the nourishment of horned cattle,
horses, sheep, poultry, and other farm stock.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CULTIVATING OR HARROWING LAND
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ellicott Holmes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
-
June 1862. A communication from abroad by Orman Coe, of Port
Washington, Wisconsin, United States of America.
I, JOSEPH ELLICOTT HOLMES, of South Parade, Trafalgar Square, Chelsea,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical and Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
CULTIVATING OR HARROWING LAND," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improved machinery for cultivating or harrowing land
relates to a novel form of harrow, whereby the land may be more effectually
penetrated and the weeds grubbed up than by means of harrows of the old
kind. The prongs or teeth of the harrow are, by preference, curved at their
points, and are arranged radially round central bosses, which are mounted
loosely on horizontal shafts that are set diagonally or at an angle to the line
of draught. Any convenient number of these sets of radially arranged teeth,
tines, or prongs may be mounted on the diagonal shafts, and from their
position the very act of drawing them over the surface of the land will cause
them to rotate on their axes, and in so doing the weight of the implement will
cause the points of the teeth, tines, or prongs to dig into the ground and tear
up the same, and with it any weeds with which the tines may come in contact.
The diagonal shafts are set at opposite angles, and at one end are brought
nearly close together, while the other ends diverge, and are held in position

page_text: by a segmental bar. The implement is drawn forward by a loop, book, or eye
placed near the apex of the angle formed by the meeting of the two diagonal
shafts. In order to take any undue strain off the diagonal shafts, the draught
hook or eye is attached to a central draught bar, which extends from the
front to the segmental bar at the rear of the implement. Fixed broad shares,
eutters, scarifiers, or other analogous tools may be adapted, if desired, to
any convenient part of the draught bar or the segmental bar.
As an obvious modification of the above, the bosses, with the radial teeth or
tines, may be keyed on to the diagonal shafts, and the latter may be made to
turn in bearings at either end. The diagonal shafts may also be arranged to
be set at different angles on the segmental shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howard, John Bullough,
and Thomas Clegg at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th December 1862.
We, JOHN HOWARD, JOHN BULLOUGH, and THOMAS CLEGG, all of Accrington,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON OR OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the machine or apparatus generally called the
opener, scutcher, or blower, and its object is to clean the cotton or fibrous
material as it passes between the beater or cylinder and the dust cages more
effectually than it has hitherto been accomplished.
Instead of the ordinary grid bars having curved surfaces at the top and
narrow spaces between them, we employ bars with acute edges at the top by
forming them of a triangular shape, and place them at such distances apart as
to allow the passage of the heaviest dirt or refuse. Against the under edges
or surfaces of the bars we place one or more dampers or false bottoms con-
nected by brackets to arms or levers in contact with cams or tappets, which
are moved periodically, so as to open the dampers for the removal of the dirt,
and close them to prevent the passage of the cotton or material; or we dis-
pense with the dampers by placing the bars upon pivots, and attaching every
other bar on one side, and the remaining bars on the other side to short arms
or levers jointed to arms parallel with the side of the machine, so that when

page_text: motion is given to the arm on one side, the arm on the other side moves in an
opposite direction. When the arms are moved one way they place the bars
in a zig-zag position, and cause their top and bottom edges to be in contact,
and thereby prevent any cotton or material passing between them; but when
the arms are moved the other way they place the bars in a vertical position,
so as to leave spaces between them for the passage of the dirt or refuse.
We also use grid bars, each with two sides, so formed that their bottom
sides can rest one upon the other and allow no space between. The bars
work upon pivots, and are attached to levers and arms, so that they can be
closed and opened periodically as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PASTRY, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Neale May at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1862.
-
I, CHARLES NEALE MAY, of Devizes, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PASTRY, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
According to the usual method of making fruit and other like pies or
pastry, the paste or dough is laid over the top of the fruit or contents of the
pie, the consequence of which is that the paste or crust sinks with the contents
into the dish, and thus gets out of shape; it likewise becomes soddened and
heavy from the moisture arising and being confined below the crust. Now,
according to my Invention, I make the crust separate from the pie, making it
of a suitable size to suit the pie dish and raised in the centre, which form it
keeps when baked and placed on the pie. By this means a nice light crust is
produced, and the pie rendered of handsome appearance. For this purpose
I employ a plate of metal or other material stamped up or otherwise raised
of suitable ornamental form; on this I place the dough or paste, which plate
imparts to the paste the raised form desired. I support the plate on legs
so as to keep it some little height from the sole or shelf of the oven in
which it is placed to be baked; these legs may be dispensed with, but
I prefer to use them, the baking being better effected thereon, moreover
by carrying the legs outwards to a larger diameter than the pie dish,

page_text: the dough or crust can be disposed over the pie itself, and thus occupy no
extra room in the oven; for this object it is convenient to use three legs,
two of them being at such distance apart that it can be slid sideways over
the pie dish. The metal or other plate carrying the paste or dough may be
perforated, or it may be made of wire cloth or other reticulated material,
or of earthenware or other suitable material.
In baking pies according to the old plan I further employ two or more
supports of metal or other material to prevent the crust sinking into the dish;
these supports I make of two discs or strips of metal or other material con-
nected by a stem or suitable support, the one dise or piece serving as a foot
and the other as the rest for the paste at top. I grease the forms on which
the paste is baked in order that it may separate readily.
The crust baked separately as described, when placed on the pie, will be held
by the juice, or it may be other adhesive matter.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR REPAIRING THE RAILS, POINTS, SWITCHES, AND OTHER PARTS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1862.-A communication from abroad by William
Henry Dunning, of New York City, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR REPAIRING THE
RAILS, POINTS, SWITCHES, AND OTHER PARTS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS,"
to be as follows:-
Rail switches, points, and other parts of the permanent way of railways
usually become unserviceable by the surface being worn away unevenly at or
near the ends, and when this is the case the rails or other parts of the
permanent way are usually condemned, and are re-rolled or re-manufactured.
This is an expensive matter, and the object of the present Invention is to
mend or repair the damaged portion of the rail, and render it serviceable,
without being obliged to resort to re-rolling or re-manufacturing the whole
rail. To this end I cut off or remove the surface of the damaged part of the
rail, and I weld on to this part a flat piece of iron or steel of suitable width
and thickness, the operation being performed in such a manner as to form a
perfectly level surface from end to end of the rail. As the welding operation
requires a high degree of heat, and as the web of the rail is thinner than the
tread, the web is liable to be knocked out of shape during the welding process

page_text: above mentioned. To obviate this I support the rail during the welding
process in a pair of moveable jaws, which will be made to clasp the web firmly
and support the under side of the tread. These jaws may be worked either
by a lever or by a screw like a vice. It will, of course, be understood that
the working surfaces of these jaws must be made to correspond and fit the
sides of the rail, and as various sections of rails are used on different lines of
railway the jaws of this apparatus must be constructed to fit the particular
kind of rail it is intended to operate upon. For bridge or hollow rails it may
be necessary to employ a projecting core piece in addition to the supporting
jaws. A moveable core piece fitting into a groove made in a flat anvil for
the purpose of supporting the bridge or hollow part of the rail therefore forms
an essential feature of the apparatus as regards bridge rails. It will, of
course, also be understood that points, switches, and other irregular forms
require special forms of apparatus, but constructed on the principle of
supporting the heated rail under the blows of the hammer. Sometimes rails
become temporarily unserviceable by being twisted or bent out of shape.
Such rails may be repaired with facility in the above-mentioned apparatus
by heating the rail, and giving the bent part a good squeeze between the jaws.
This nip, aided by a few blows of the hammer, will straighten the rail in a
very short time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC TUBES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Newman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1862.
I, JAMES NEWMAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jeweller,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC TUBES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the manu-
facture of metallic tubes, whereby several tubes are capable of being drawn at
the same time by one drawing head or bench in place of drawing such tubes
singly as heretofore practised, my Invention being particularly applicable to
the drawing of solid metal tubes of comparatively small bore suitable for
being employed in the construction of locomotive and other steam boilers.
For this purpose, in place of connecting each tube and mandril (where a
mandril is used) to a separate draw chain or other draft instrument, I cause a
series of tubes with their mandrils (when such tubes are of comparatively
small diameter) to be connected in any convenient manner to a draw bar or
cross head which moves to and fro on fixed guides. Motion is given to the
draw bar or cross head by a chain or otherwise in order to draw the tubes
through the openings in the draw plates, which are fixed and arranged in a
series to correspond with the tubes, such draw plates being of the ordinary
construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Irwin Mahon, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
April 1862.
I, ARTHUR IRWIN MAHON, of 25, Leinster Square, Rathmines, in the
County of Dublin, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of projectile suitable for
smooth-bore guns, whereby the same effect is obtained, namely, rotation of the
projectile in its flight, as in rifled guns, whilst less friction is obtained than
with the ordinary projectile discharged from a smooth-bore gun, and the whole
of the charge of powder is exploded.
The improved projectile is in the form of a bolt, and may be of any suitable
shape at the front end, either conical, hemispherical, or otherwise, but the
rear or cylindrical portion of the projectile is grooved, rifled, or cut in planes at
any desired angle internally, externally, or both, and provided or not with
apertures round the cylindrical band under the solid front of the projectile or
along the grooves, so that the gas generated by the explosion of the charge
may be forced through the apertures and impart a twist or spinning motion to
the projectile in the barrel, such projectile scarcely touching the sides of the
same; or the end of the projectile may be hollowed out to meet cross tubes or
passages formed in or near the head of the saine, and so made to rotate, or the

page_text: end of the projectile may be grooved or rifled or made of a spiral or twisted form,
and have a cylindrical band or bands round the said end. The projectile is
made hollow at the rear end with a view to contain the powder or a great
portion thereof, which powder is ignited through the apertures made round
the projectile.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLING, TWISTING, AND REELING THREADS AND YARNS OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Cornall and Evan
Griffiths at the Offico of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th July 1862.
We, MATTHEW CORNALL, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Doubler, and EVAN GRIFFITHS, of the same Place, Yarn Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DOUBLING, TWISTING, AND REELING THREADS AND YARNS OF COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
We place two or more cops of the thread or yarn to be doubled and twisted
on skewers held in dises fixed to a spindle supported in suitable rails or fram-
ing. The said spindle has a wharve fixed to it for the purpose of giving it
revolving motion by a band from a revolving drum. The yarns or threads
from the cops pass through an eyelet central with the axis of the spindle, and
the skewers radiate to the centre of the eyelet, from which the twisted yarns
or threads proceed to the reel to be wound upon it, thereby performing the
operations of doubling and twisting and also winding or reeling at the same
time. Thus we have described the arrangement and operation of one spindlo
mounted with discs for carrying two or more cops, but any suitable number of
spindles may be worked simultaneously.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING, RAISING, AND LOWERING VENETIAN BLINDS, AND FOR RETAINING THEM AND OTHER BLINDS AND ALSO CURTAINS AND SUN SHADES AT ANY REQUIRED HEIGHTH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jinks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1862.
I, RICHARD JINKS, of No. 20, Upper King Street, Bloomsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, Window Blind Maker, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING,
RAISING, AND LOWERING VENETIAN BLINDS, AND FOR RETAINING THEM AND OTHER
BLINDS AND ALSO CURTAINS AND SUN SHADES AT ANY REQUIRED HEIGHTH," to be as
follows:-
So far as it relates to improvements in apparatus for suspending, raising,
and lowering Venetian blinds, it consists in suspending them by tapes or
ribbons fixed to and winding round a roller, and in making such roller of less
circumference in the parts where the tapes or ribbons are fixed than in that
part to which is fixed and round which passes the cord employed for causing
the roller to revolve, or in suspending the blind as aforesaid from a roller made
as before described or of uniform thickness throughout, which is made to
revolve by means of a cord fixed to and passing round a wheel or reel of
greater circumference than the roller and attached to the end of it, my object
being to obtain leverage by passing the cord used to draw up or lower the
blind round a greater circumference than that round which the tapes or
ribbons pass.
So far as my said Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for retaining
Venetian and other blinds, and also curtains and sun shades at any required.

page_text: heighth, it consists in using an improved trigger and rack as follows:-The
trigger is attached by means of a screw or rivet passing through it to the end
of the box in which the roller revolves a little below that end of the roller to
which the cord is fixed. The hinder end of the trigger is formed so as to
catch in a rack with which the roller or the wheel or reel at the end thereof
is furnished, and is elevated and brought into contact with the rack by means
of the weight of the other end of the trigger, which is accordingly made longer
and heavier. The heavier end is bent at right angles so that part of it may
be parallel with the roller and nearly close to the lower part of it; between
this part and the roller or the wheel or reel before mentioned the cord is passed.
When it-is desired to allow the blind, curtain, or shade to descend, the cord is
drawn towards the person away from the window or other place where the
blind, curtain, or shade is fixed, the heavier end of the trigger is thereby
raised, the other end consequently depressed and removed from the rack, and
the roller is thus set free. When it is desired to arrest the descent of the
blind, curtain, or shade, the hand is brought closer to the window or other
place where it is fixed, the heavy end of the trigger is thus suffered to fall
by its own weight, and brings the catch or other end of the trigger into
contact with the rack, and thereby stops the revolution of the roller in that
direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL PRESSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1862.
I, JOSEPH WALKER, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Millwright, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF OIL PRESSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of oil
presses, having for their object the more effectual and perfect working of the
press than is at present obtained. The ordinary presses are worked by means
of oil pumped into the cylinders of the presses and acting by hydraulic pressure
upon a ram, which is thereby caused to ascend and crush the sceds or other
material contained in boxes above the ram, but in the junction pipes or passages
to the respective presses there is no separation, the entire series being in
communication. Now, I propose to enable the presses to be worked
independently of each other by means of an improvement in the junction
pipes or passages, whereby the oil may be shut off when desired from or
between either of the presses, so that one press may rise while the other falls,
or so that one may be kept stationary while the other is rising or falling.
In order to effect this object I propose to change the form of the junction
passage from the ordinary straight line to that of an elbow joint in the middle
of the junction apparatus, and to cause a conical pointed plug to enter this
elbow by means of a cavity bored in the apparatus and into the passage,

page_text: the plug having a screw thread cut in its upper part and being set in a
female screw cut in the bed plate of the junction, the head of the plug being
provided with a cogged wheel which is actuated by a pinion shaft aud
handle set in bearings, whereby the plug may be turned in either direction
so as to close or open the junction for the passage of the oil to the press.
From each half of the main junction two branch pipes or passages communicate
with a second junction passage parallel with the main junction, and from the
second junction a pipe communicates with the cylinders of the rams of the
presses, and each of the two branch passages are provided with similar screw
plugs and gearing just described, in order that the oil may be allowed to
travel from the pump along the passages to the presses, and be controlled
accordingly in any desired direction or quantity, so as to raise or lower the
rams and actuate either press without affecting the other when requisite. By
these means a saving of labour and expense is effected, and a more perfect and
powerful action is given to each of the presses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marsh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th June
1862.
I, JOHN MARSH, of New Sneinton, near Nottingham, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
The object of one part of the improvements is to obtain various ornamental
effects to lace, by causing holes or parts of the fabric to incline or otherwise
diverge from or be at angles to the selvage thereof, by the use of additional
warp threads, operated to take on to other warp threads forming part of
the fabric, or which may be used as temporary lacing threads, such addi-
tional warp threads being caused to pass through from one side of the fabric
to the opposite, and there change relative position with other of the threads
if desired, and then return by another hole or mesh. For this purpose in
operating such additional threads, I prefer to use double cranked guides,
formed and actuated not only to give endway motion to such threads, but
also to take them transversely of the other warp threads as from front to back
or back to front, where they are also capable of endway motion whilst lace
fabric is being produced. These additional threads are weighted, and the
weighting is capable of being varied by the mechanism during the working, so
as to vary the amount of tension thereon. The parts of the lace thus drawn

page_text: upon by these additional threads may be called the points of attachment, and
such additional threads then attach themselves to the lacing threads used to
lace together the respective breadths as points of resistance. By simply
withdrawing the ordinary lacing threads, these additional threads will also be
released except at the points of attachment to be readily cut away or otherwise!
removed therefrom. The method of operating these additional warp threads,
is applicable also in producing other ornamental effects in lace..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE-OF-METALLIC BEDSTEADS, COTS, AND- COUCHES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richard Cromwell Taunton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th September 1862.
I, JOHN RICHARD CROMWELL TAUNTON, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE-OF-METALLIC BEDSTEADS, COTS, AND-
COUCHES," to be as follows, that is to say:―
My Invention consists in making the foot rails of metallic bedsteads, cots,
and couches, which are usually square or rectangular on plan, with, a
graceful sweep, curve, or other ornamental line on plan as adopted for the
more expensive kinds of wooden bedsteads; this I effect by curving or
shaping the angle iron or bar, forming the frame, at the foot into any desired
shape, and if I require to use a solid foot rail upon this frame, it may be
made of sheet metal, japanned if requisite, and afterwards ornamented by
attaching thereto planted or raised enrichments in various descriptions of
metal, papier maché, wood, composition, or other suitable material.
A modification of my Invention consists in employing this curved foot rail
in addition to the ordinary rectangular frame. The angle iron or bar
forming the sides of the bedstead, cot, and couch frame may also be curved, if
desired, by which means more elegant outlines may be obtained for these
articles of furniture.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Graham Hope at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1862.
I, DAVID GRAHAM HOPE, of Grays, in the County of Essex, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
In carrying out the object of my Invention I mount upon the face of a
vertical fly wheel three or more cylinders in such a manner that they will
balance each other. These cylinders I fit with loose plungers, and I bring the
cylinders into communication (by means of the hollow shaft of the fly wheel
and a pipe) with the working cylinder of the engine. This cylinder I fit
with a piston, connecting rod, and crank shaft in the same manner as an
ordinary direct-acting steam engine, with the exception that the front end of
the cylinder is left open. The plunger cylinders on the fly wheel are so
arranged that one or other shall be horizontal at the moment that the piston
of the working cylinder arrives at the end of the stroke. The action of the
machine is as follows:-The plunger cylinders, pipes, and working cylinder
are filled to a certain extent with oil or other fluid, and the fly wheel is con-
nected to suitable driving mechanism by a water wheel or turbine. Let it
be now supposed that the engine is at the end of the stroke, the fly wheel
(carrying the plunger cylinders) must be turned so that the plunger cylinders
shall pass in succession from a horizontal position to a vertical one. As the
plungers attain their raised vertical position it will be evident that the weight.

page_text: of the plungers acting on the fluid will compress it to any desired extent.
This pressure will be communicated to the working cylinder through the
fly wheel shaft and pipe above mentioned to the engine, and the engine will
thereby be caused to make a stroke. As the piston takes the fluid out of
the plunger cylinder, the plunger will descend and maintain the pressure
until the piston arrives at the end of its stroke; the plunger case will by
this time be once more horizontal having made with its fly wheel one half
revolution. The exact converse of this takes place in the succeeding half
revolution, with this difference, that the position of the plunger cylinder upon
the wheel being reversed the weight of the plunger creates a vacuum in the
cylinder, and the pressure of the air on the working piston causes the com-
pletion of the revolution. The fly wheel carrying the plunger cylinders must
in all cases be so coupled to the working crank shaft as to retain their relative
position to the working piston at all portions of the stroke.
IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING CERTAIN PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM THE MANUFACTURE AND PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Hartley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
November 1862.-A communication from abroad by George Huwitz, of
Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, Gas Engineer.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM HARTLEY, of 55, Millbank Street, in the City of
Westminster, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING CERTAIN PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM THE
MANUFACTURE AND PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the adoption of improved means for
obtaining sulphate of ammonia from the oxide of iron used in purifying gas,
by which a larger quantity of sulphate of ammonia is produced, and the cost
of such production is lessened. For the purpose of carrying out these
improvements oxide of iron is taken in the form of ore, or otherwise, and is
roughly ground by any known means; it is then well mixed in proper
proportion with sawdust or old tan, but tan is used by preference; the mixture
is then placed in the purifiers on wooden trays, and the trays are filled up to a
suitable depth. After so much gas has been passed through the oxide that it
ceases to purify, atmospheric air must be blown through the purifiers, by which
process the iron becomes reoxidized. The air thus blown through the puri-
fiers takes up a large portion of ammonia and carbonate of ammonia during
its passage; this can be collected by suitable known means by bringing it in
contact with sulphuric acid. The material thus reoxidized can be used over
and over again for purification without removal from the purifiers, until (by the

page_text: accumulation of tar and of sulphate of ammonia, which the air will not act
upon), the oxygen in the air ceases to have any effect upon the iron. When
the action of the operation of blowing ceases to produce any effect on the iron
ore, or other oxide, the purifiers must be emptied, the spent or used up material
is taken away and spread out in a shed or other building having free access to
the air. The floor of this building is properly prepared with asphalte or other
suitable material, so as to allow all liquor deposited upon it to collect and flow
into proper reservoirs or receptacles. The material is placed in heaps, of
suitable thickness or depth, on the floor, and ammoniacal liquor or "gas
water" is poured over it; this liquor will filter through the material and will
flow away into the reservoir or other receptacle. The material may be finally
washed with water if required, and after a few days' exposure to the air it
may be again used for purification. The liquor from the oxide collected as
above described may then be placed in pans or other suitable receptacles
and evaporated, any excess of ammonia having been previously treated with
sulphuric acid. The liquor collected as above described will have lost its
peculiar smell of sulphuretted hydrogen, which is taken up by the hydrated
oxide of iron contained in the iron ore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING FOUNTAINS ADAPTED FOR GARDEN ENGINES, FIRE ENGINES, AND FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER FROM MINES, WELLS, AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Webster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd October
1862.
I, CHARLES WEBSTER, of Ilkeston Road, in the Parish of Radford, in the
County of Nottingham, Locksmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING FOUNTAINS ADAPTED FOR GARDEN
ENGINES, FIRE ENGINES, AND FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER FROM MINES,
WELLS, AND OTHER PLACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in so constructing and arranging certain parts of
self-acting fountains, and of charging such parts with compressed air as to
render the raising and forcing of the water from a reservoir contained in said
fountains self-acting and continuous according to the size of the reservoir.
The following is an example of the mode of constructing self-acting
fountains according to this Invention:-I form a hollow case of any orna-
mental device or pattern, and make an air-tight compartment therein, in
which I place loosely a reservoir for containing water. The upper part or
end of said hollow case I form dished or as an open basin, and adapt a short
tube to the bottom thereof for filling the reservoir with water; said tube is
fitted with a cock extending to the outside of the aforesaid case for the
purpose hereafter stated; I also adapt another cock some distance below the
first-mentioned cock, said second-mentioned cock communicating with the com-
partment containing the reservoir aforesaid, and through the basin aforesaid I
pass and affix thereto air-tight a tube of metal extending nearly to the bottom

page_text: of the said reservoir, and the upper end of said tube I fit with a cock and jet
piece or nozzle. The operations of this improved fountain are as follows:-
The uppermost cock being opened the basin is filled with water which runs
into the reservoir, this cock is then closed and the cock below opened, and the
compartment containing the reservoir charged with compressed air, this cock
is then closed and the cock near the jet or nozzle opened, the effect of which
is that the compressed air acting on the water in the reservoir forces the water
through the nozzle, and continues to do so as long as there is any water in
the reservoir. In this manner I propose to construct garden engines and fire
engines, and raise and force water from mines, wells, and other places, the air
being compressed in accordance with the height to which the water is to be
raised and forced; or if desirable vessels of the above construction may be
placed at different heights in the shaft of the mine or in wells and other
places.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BLAST FURNACES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Holcroft, of the City of Manchester, Consulting
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
BLAST FURNACES."
Sealed the 19th September 1862, and dated the 2nd April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Holcroft at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
April 1862.
I, GEORGE HOLCROFT, of the City of Manchester, Consulting Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF BLAST FURNACES," to be as follows:―
This Invention consists in constructing the interior lining of blast furnaces
of an improved form, whereby the quantity of metal produced is increased, and
the quality is improved. In blast furnaces of the ordinary construction, the
lining is gradually enlarged above the tuyeres, and again gradually contracted
to the top. Now my Invention consists in gathering or contracting the lining
above the enlarged space now generally formed above the tuyeres, and from
this gathering or contracted part the remainder of the lining to the top is
either parallel, contracted, or enlarged.

page_text: The object of this peculiar form of the lining is to concentrate the gases to
prepare the charges in their descent down the upper part of the furnace, and
to concentrate the heat at and below the gathering or contracted part for the
purpose of more rapidly melting the charges. By enlarging gradually the
upper portion of the lining, the deleterious gases can escape with facility.