IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN GEARING FOR USE IN ACTUATING OR DRIVING MACHINERY."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nils Knut Husberg, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom of
Sweden, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN GEARING FOR USE
IN ACTUATING OR DRIVING MACHINERY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nils Knut Husberg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881.
NILS KNUT HUSBERG, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden. "IMPROVE
MENTS IN CHAIN GEARING FOR USE IN ACTUATING OR DRIVING MACHINERY."
The principal objects of this Invention, which relates to improvements in the
construction of chain gearing for use in the actuation or driving of machinery are
to construct the chains of such gearing with detachable links of a simpler form,
and more readily detachable than those of such chains as in present use, and to
reduce the friction attendant upon the use of such means of driving machinery.
Hitherto, when hooked detachable links have been used in the formation of
chains used in the driving or actuation of machinery, they have each been con-
structed with a central opening to receive a tooth of each of the chain wheels with
which they engage. Chains as hitherto composed of such links are not always so
flexible as is desirable, and are costly to make of wrought iron or steel.
According to this Invention double hooked detachable links, not having any
opening between the hooks to receive the chain wheels (though for the mere object
of making them lighter they may be thus formed) are used alternately with
rectangular links, which are not provided with hooks, but have each a central
opening for a tooth of each of the chain wheels, the opening being between the two
side bars and the two end bars of which this link is composed. These end bars are
preferably formed of a circular section, and the grooves formed by the hooks of the
other links are preferably formed of such a width as that the end bars of the
rectangular links can be directly entered thereinto from the front, so that a
comparatively taut chain can be easily composed or coupled together and
uncoupled

page_text: Double hooked or rectangular links, as thus constructed, are easier to stamp out
or otherwise make of wrought iron or steel than hooked links having a central
opening; and moreover a chain composed of my improved links, as I use them in
alternate combination, is more flexible than one composed of the usual open hooked
links, on account of the joints being more numerous, and works with less friction on
account of the noses of the hinges being in contact with the teeth both on the driver
and driven wheel, and the chain as composed of such improved links is therefore
especially adapted for use with reversing gear; or the chain itself may be reversed
if necessary, such as when the noses of the hinged or hooked links in contact with
the teeth of the one (say the driven) wheel wear away quicker than those in contact
with the teeth of the other (viz., the driving) wheel.
My improved double-hooked and rectangular links may however be connected
or joined together on the same principle as is described in the Specification of
certain Letters Patent, No. 27527, granted to William Robert Lake, and bearing
date the 5th day of July, A.D. 1876. In this case however one or both of the side
bars of the rectangular links is or are flattened out or made of less thickness close to
the end bars, so as to permit of being pressed -sideways into a narrowed entrance
to the groooves or hinges of the double hooked links when the rectangular link
occupies a certain angular position in relation to the hooked link, but which position
is such as to require the chain to be about two links longer than an ordinary non-
detachable chain, and thus to run comparatively slack, which sometimes causes
the chain to ride upon the teeth of the wheels, causing the links to become bent
or to get broken, unless an intermediate wheel be used to take up the slack.
I however greatly prefer my above referred to method of coupling the links
together, as this unnecessary slack is then quite avoided.
In order to prevent the chain from falling apart in work I employ various means,
of which the following are examples:-According to one modification I make the
hooks comparatively deep; this method is most applicable when the distance
between the axles connected by the chain is short, and the chain is so taut that for
connecting the end links together it is necessary to make the groove in the end
link of the chain much more open than in the other links, and which can be simply
effected by filing away the proper hook until the coupling can be effected, after
which the coupling is kept in connection by means of a screw or some other
conveniently shaped removable piece, all the other links being left open. Such
links with deep hooks may be used in combination with hooked links having a
central opening for the teeth of the wheels. When the second of the above referred
to methods of coupling the links together is used, and a taut chain, as thus com-
posed and coupled up, is to have its last connection (effected by thus winding the
groove in the end link) closed, I fix a small screw or screws, or a slightly coned pin
or pins, in the back of the hook or hinge, so as to again close the opening, and
prevent the connected bar falling out. Should the connecting link be double
hooked, without a central opening, but coupled according to the method lastly
referred to, in which case I provide these double hooked links with a projection
between the hooks for partly filling up the space between them, and for preventing
the end bars of the rectangular links from falling away after they have been
inserted from the side, as hereinbefore described, and turned into line, such
projection in this end or connecting link requires to be wholly or partly removed,
and to be replaced after the coupling up of the end links by a screw, pin, or
other removable metallic piece. When, however, the first of the above referred to
methods of coupling the links together is used, the links being made as firstly
herein before described, I then make them without any projections between the
hooks, and I preferably close the grooves of the double hooked links by means
of an easily removable metallic piece, a piece of india-rubber, or a piece of dry
wood.
In lieu of using rectangular-bar links as hereinbefore described I can use single.
bar links with end cross bars, and couple them according to either of the above

page_text: referred to methods to the double hooked links, the hooks or hinges of which, and
the teeth of the chain wheels, require to be divided centrally for the bar of the
cross bar link.
Where a pitch chain with many joints is much exposed to dust, and the distance
between the connected axles is too short for the use of ordinary belting, I construct
the chain with flexible parts, alternating at certain distances with conveniently
shaped links, which latter engage with the teeth of the wheels. Different kinds of
links, and different methods of coupling them together may be used. If the chain
is not intended for reversing gear, the links secured to the ends of the flexible bands
may be coupled directly to each other; but for reversing gear there should be an
intermediate link between them. The length of the alternate flexible parts, which
may be bands of steel, leather, or other suitable substance, will depend upon the
size of the smallest of the wheels in gear therewith, and in which the number of
teeth must be such as that one link must not disengage from a tooth before
another link engages with the following tooth, the least practicable number of teeth
in these wheels (independent of the number of pitch links in the chain) is of course
desirable, as the less friction is thereby entailed.
One of my improvements in chain gearing is based upon the principle just
referred to.
Hitherto pitch-wheels for chains have generally been constructed with one tooth
for each joint or hinge of the chain, or in some cases there has been one tooth for
each two joints of the chain.
My improvement consists in constructing the wheels with me.ely one working
tooth (for transmitting motion) for every third or other beyond every second joint
of the chain, in order to reduce the friction. In each of a pair of geared chain
wheels of an equal or approximately equal size, and in the largest one of a pair of
unequal size, three teeth for transmitting motion in each wheel will in most cases
be found to be a suitable number. The wheels, however, may, and generally will,
be constructed with intermediate teeth or raised parts intended merely to guide the
chain, not being placed so as to transmit any power. When, however, the wheels
are required for reversing gear, the teeth (or some of them) which are used for
guiding the chain when running in one direction, may for the reverse motion be
used as the working teeth, and the former working teeth now as the guide teeth.
The wheels may be provided with guide flanges, between which the chain runs, but
I prefer the use of the guide teeth.
In order that a pitch-chain shall work well and with the greatest possible freedom
from friction, it is necessary that the pitch between the working teeth of the wheels
be made as nearly the same as that of the chain, or of a certain number of pitches
of the chain as is practicable, for should, for instance, allowance be made for the
stretching of the chain, as invariably has been when "Ewart's" chain (constructed
according to the above mentioned Letters Patent) has been the transmitting agent,
it is evident that there must be a slight motion of the chain relatively to that of
the driving wheel for every working tooth as and with which it disengages, and
this backward motion of the strained chain results in a great loss of work because
of the friction between the chain and the plane of the rim of the wheel upon which
it rests. For this purpose I make the pitch of the wheels, especially of the driving
wheel, adjustable, so that when the chain has stretched a little, as it enevitably
must after having been in work for some time, I enlarge the diameters of the pitch
circles of the wheels, or rather I increase the distance between the centres of the
wheels and some or all of the planes of the rim upon which the links of the pitch-
chain rest. The best mode of altering those distances, especially when double
hooked links without central openings are used (which links always present a broad
bearing surface to the rim), is by means of screws, which are entered through the
rim from the inner side, and upon the outer ends of which screws the chain rests.
If the pitches of wheel and of the chain are alike when new, that of the chain will
become larger after having run for some time; the screws will then require to be

page_text: turned so as to project beyond the rim sufficiently to again equalize the pitch.
One such adjustable screw may be used for every hinge of the chain; but in many
cases one screw for every second or third hinge of the chain will be sufficient,
though the pitch line of the wheel thereby obtains a somewhat irregular shape.
The adjustable screws may be provided with locknuts on the underside of the rim
and be formed with a head and screw into the rim from the outside, the chain then
resting upon the heads of the screws, and the heads may be so shaped as that a
portion of each, or some of them, enters between the openings in the chain and thus
guides the same. Other equivalent means may be used for regulating the pitch of
the wheels, for instance, the rims may be divided. into detachable segments secured
by bolts to the arms of the wheels so as to be adjustable at one or both of its ends
as may be required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Nils Knut Husberg in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th September 1881.
"
NILS KNUT HUSBERG, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden. "IMPROVE
MENTS IN CHAIN GEARING FOR USE IN ACTUATING OR DRIVING MACHINERY."
The principal objects of this Invention, which relates to improvements in the
construction of chain-gearing for use in actuating or driving machinery, are.
to construct the chain of such gearing with detachable links of a simpler
form and more readily detachable than those of such chains as in present use, and.
to reduce the friction attendant upon the use of chain gearing in driving.
machinery.
According to this Invention double hooked detachable links not having any.
opening between the hooks to receive and engage with the teeth of the wheels
(though for other than operative purposes they may be so formed), and made.
detachable for the purpose of coupling and uncoupling without any bending of
their hooks, are used alternately with rectangularly or equivalently formed links,
which are not provided with hooks but have each a central opening for engaging
with a tooth of the chain wheel, the opening being between the side bars and the
end bars of which this link is composed. The side bars may be of any convenient
shape, but the end bars are preferably formed of a circular section, and the grooves
formed by the hooks of the other links (which links hereinafter will be called
connecting links) are preferably formed of such a width as that the end bars of
the rectangular or gearing links can be directly entered thereinto from the front,
so that a comparatively taut chain can be easily composed or coupled together and
uncoupled.
On the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 represents a side elevation, and
Figure 2 a.plan view of two rectangular or gearing links coupled to two connecting
links. In these Figures (and in all the Figures hereinafter enumerated as illustrative
of the chain links), A represents the side bars, and B the end bars of the rectangular
links; C represents the connecting links provided with the hooks D, which form
between them an opening F, through the front of which the end bars B have been
entered into the grooves g, which, as hereinbefore referred to, are of a permanent
shape, the hooks D never requiring to be bent either for coupling or uncoupling.
A chain composed of such rectangular and double hooked links with the front
entrances to the grooves left permanently and entirely open ought to have the
grooves g at least as deep as the diameter of the bars B, and requires to be kept
very taut when applied to its purpose. The slack of the chain must therefore be
taken up by an intermediate adjustable tumbler, or by adjustable plummer blocks,
or by other known and suitable means, unless the distance between the axles
connected by the chain is short, and the chain so taut that to effect the coupling of
the end links it is necessary to make one of the grooves in the end connecting link
of the chain much more open than the other (which can be simply effected by filing
away the end of the hook until the coupling can be effected), after which the
coupling is kept in connection by means of a screw H, as shown, or by some other
conveniently shaped removable piece.
My improved connecting and gearing links may be joined together on the
same principle as is described in the Specification of certain Letters Patent,
No. 2752, of 1876, granted to William Robert Lake, and bearing date the 5th day
of July 1876. In this case, that is, according to my Invention however, one or
both of the side bars of the rectangular links requires or require to be made of less
thickness than the end bars, or equivalently flattened out close to the end bara so

page_text: as to permit of being pressed sideways into a narrowed entrance to the grooves or
hinges of the connecting links, when the rectangular link occupies a certain angular
position in relation to the hooked link, and which position is such as to require the
chain to be about two links longer than an ordinary non-detachable chain, and thus
to run comparatively slack, which sometimes causes the chain to ride upon the
teeth of the wheels, causing the links to become bent or to get broken.
The links coupled together on this principle .aro illustrated in Figure 3, which is
a side view of two rectangular or gearing links and an intermediate connecting
link, and in Figure 4, which is a plan view of Figure 3, and also in Figure 5, which
is a side elevation illustrative of the relative position in which a gearing and a
connecting link require to be for coupling and uncoupling. The projection E,
shown in Figures 3 and 5, partly fills up and forms the above mentioned narrowed.
entrance to the grooves, so that for coupling the links together the side bars A
have had to be flattened out at a so as to correspond in thickness to the width of
the narrowed entrance F to the groove g. The coupling and uncoupling can thus be
effected only when the relative position between the gearing link and the connecting
link is as shown in Figure 5, which it will be understood makes it impossible to
couple and uncouple a taut chain.
The same principle applied to a chain with connecting links without any inter-
mediate raised part is shown in the side elevation, Figure 6, in which the end bars
of the coupled gearing links touch each other, and the front opening between the
hooks D is of such a width as to permit one of the bars B of the coupled gearing
links to be entered through it direct into the groove g, as shown in the horizontal
position; but the bar thus coupled causes the entrance to the other groove of
the connecting link to become so narrowed that the other gearing link has to be
coupled according to the last described method or in the inclined position as
shown.
Double hooked connecting links and the rectangular or gearing links constructed
as hereinbefore described are easier to stamp out or otherwise make of wrought
iron or steel than hooked links as hitherto constructed, and moreover a chain
composed of my improved links, as I use them in alternate combination, is more
flexible than one composed of the usual open hooked links on account of the joints
being more numerous, and the chain as composed of such improved links, unlike
the last mentioned, is well adapted for use with reversing gear; or the chain itself
may, if necessary, be reversed so as to run in the opposite direction; for instance,
in cases where the noses of the connecting links in contact with the teeth of the
one (say, the driven) wheel wear away quicker than those in contact with the teeth
of the other (viz., the driving) wheel..
When the first of the two hereinbefore described methods of coupling the links
together is used, that is, when I make them without any solid projection E between
the hooks (and in most cases I prefer so to do) I apply instead a removable piece
or pieces to all the connecting links of the chain, the object of which is to close the
groove and thus prevent the chain from falling apart while at work without the
use of adjustable plummer blocks, tumblers, or other means, and which removable
pieces, unlike all others hitherto used for similar purposes, can be applied between
the ends of the gearing links in a chain coupled perfectly taut. These pieces may
be of metal, india rubber, or dry hard wood.
Such removable pieces H are shown in the side elevations of coupled rectangular
or gearing links and double hooked links at Figures 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21,
and their corresponding plans and sections, Figures 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
and 22, applied to the connecting links between the end bars B, wholly or partly
closing the entrances to the hinges g. The piece H of wood, india-rubber, or other
suitable substance shown in Figure 7 and its corresponding plan, Figure 8. has
been thrust in between the hooks D after the coupling of the bars B has been
effected, and is retained in place by mere friction. The piece A shown in Figure 9,
and its plan, Figure 10, touches the link C and the bars B, as shown, its upper-
most portions being indented so as to fit round or clip the foremost portions
.

page_text: of the hooks D, and is thereby retained in position. It is of sheet metal by:
preference, as also is the piece H, shown in Figure 11, of which Figure 12
is a cross section through the line b-b. Here the piece H has been thrust
in between the hinged bars B from the side, its raised parts bear against
the under sides of the hooks D, and when its portions H¹ have been bent
down upon the sides of the link C it cannot shake loose. Other forms than
those above described must be given to the piece H when the books D are
shorter than the diameters of the bars B. The removable pieces may in such
cases consist of small screws H, as shown in Figure 13 and in Figure 14, which is a
cross section of Figure 13 through the line b-b. After the screws have been inserted
and fitted, the connected links cannot fall apart because the front entrances to the.
grooves have thus been narrowed to a less width than the diameter of the end bars
of the rectangular links. The same effect results from the application of the piece H,
shown in Figure 15, of which Figure 16 is a section through the line b-b..
The piece His in this case so formed that it must be thrust in between the end
bars B from the side, its ends H¹ are then bent down upon the sides of the link C,.
and when thus bent it will be seen that neither the piece H nor the bars B can fall
apart from the link C. The sides of the connecting link may be provided with
projections, or be equivalently grooved, as shown in Figures 17 and 18 (Figure 18
being a cross section of Figure 17 through the line b-b), and the piece H be made to
enter between the coupled bars B from the front, and the portion H¹ of the piece H
be bent down upon the sides of the link C under the projections or into the groves,
which will prevent the coupled links from becoming disengaged. When, however,
the piece His made so as to be entered between the hinged bars B from the front
of the opening F, I make it by preference of sheet metal, doubled up and cut to
about the shape shown in the front view, Figure 22, its length being about the same
as the extreme width of the gearing links and the opening N, permitting of the
portions H¹ coming down upon the sides of the link C when applied to it in the
manner shown in Figure 20, which is a cross section of Figure 19 through the
line bb; the piece H is thus prevented from moving end ways after being
thrust in from the front opening between the end bars, and when thus in place
the parts Hare bent out in opposite directions in the manner shown in Figure 19,
and thus prevent the connected links becoming disengaged. The piece H instead
of being double, or otherwise having its portions H¹ split, may consist of a single-
piece having its portions H¹ on the one side of the link C bent in an opposite
direction to its portion H on the other side of the link, as shown in Figure 21.
Any of the modes of coupling illustrated in Figures 13 to 22 can be used with
connecting links of the form illustrated in Figures 3, 4, and 5, and hereinbefore
described, so that a chain composed of such links can be coupled taut by replacing
the projection E in one of the connecting links with a removable piece H, as
already explained, and in a chain composed of links coupled, as shown in Figure 6;
one of the hinges of the end connecting link has to be filed so far open as that the
end bar of the link that has to be coupled to it can enter it from the front, as
shown in the side view of Figure 23, and both the hooks be indented as shown
best in Figure 24, which is an end view of Figure 23, so that when the piece H,
shown in plan in Figure 25, fits those indentations, and parts H' of it have been
bent down between the bars B, as shown, it is retained in position and the chain
thus prevented from falling apart.
Where a pitch-chain is much exposed to dust, and the distance between the
connected axles is too short for the use of ordinary belting, I construct the chain
with flexible metallic parts or bands, alternating at certain distances with
conveniently shaped links, which latter engage with the teeth of the wheels;
different kinds of links and different methods of coupling them together may be
used. The links secured to the ends of the flexible bands may be coupled direct to
each other, or there may be one or more intermediate links between them. The
length of the alternate flexible metallic parts, which are by preference bands of
steel, will depend upon the size of the smallest of the wheels in gear therewith,

page_text: and in which one link must not disengage from a tooth before another link engages
with a following tooth. The least practicable number of teeth in the wheels is of
course desirable, as less friction is thereby entailed.
On the Drawing, Figure 26 represents a longitudinal section, and Figure 27 a
plan view of a portion of a chain composed of rectangular or gearing links
alternating with steel or other flexible metallic bands, which latter may be bent
about the end bars of the links to which they are attached in the manner shown
at Z, a thin metallic ferrule u being placed between the steel band and the bar of,
the link as shown, or the steel band X may be secured by rivets or bolts, soldering
or brazing to separate pieces forming the necessary pivots with the bars of the
rectangular links, as shown at Y.
Hitherto pitch wheels working in gear with chains have generally been
constructed with one tooth for each hinge or joint of the chain, or, in some cases,
there has been one tooth for each two hinges of the chain.
My improvement in relation thereto consists in constructing the wheels with but
one working tooth (for transmitting motion) for every third or further joint of the
chain in order to reduce the friction. To each of a pair of geared chain-wheels of
an equal or approximately equal size, and in the largest one of a pair of unequal
size, three teeth for transmitting motion in each wheel will in many cases be found
to be a sufficient number. The wheels however may and generally will be con-
structed with intermediate teeth or raised parts intended merely to guide the chain,
not being placed or formed so as to transmit any power. When however the wheels
are required for reversing gear, the teeth (or some of them) which are used for
guiding the chain when running in one direction may for the reverse motion be
used as the working teeth and the former working teeth now serve as the guide
teeth. Or the wheels may be provided with guide flanges, between which the
chain runs, but I prefer the use of guide teeth. Or the links of the chain may
even be so constructed that neither guide teeth no guide flanges are required.
Figure 28 shows a side view of a portion of a wheel thus constructed with guide
teeth and gearing with a corresponding chain. In this Figure L, L, represent the
working teeth of the wheel, and M, M¹, the guide teeth. It will be seen that the
guide teeth are not so placed as that any power can be transmitted by them,
the links C being shown in contact with the teeth L only, but between the working
teeth L is shown a guide tooth M¹ in contact with a link C, but the contact is on
the opposite side to that of the working tooth L with its corresponding link C. It
will however be understood that should the direction of the motion be reversed,
this tooth M¹ will become a working tooth and all the teeth M and L become guide
teeth. The teeth L may of course be constructed as working teeth even for the
reverse motion.
In order that a pitch chain shall work well and with the greatest possible
freedom from friction, it is necessary that the pitch beween the working teeth of
the wheels be made as nearly the same as that of the chain (or of a certain number
of links of the chain), as is practicable, for should, for instance, allowance be made
for the stretching of the chain, as invariably has been when "Ewart's" chain
(constructed according to the above referred to Letters Patent) has been the
transmitting agent, it is evident that there must be a slight motion of the chain
relatively to that of the driving wheel for every working tooth, as and with which
it disengages, and this backward motion of the strained chain results in a great
loss of work, because of the friction between the chain and the planes of the wheel
upon which it rests. For this purpose I make the pitch of the wheels, especially of
the driving wheel, adjustable, so that when the chain has become enlarged or
stretched a little, as it inevitably must after having been in use for some time, I am
enabled to enlarge the diameters of the pitch circles of the wheels, or rather,
increase the distances between the centres of the wheels and some or all of the
planes or faces of the rim upon which the links of the pitch chain rest. The best
mode of altering the distances in wheels of a small size, and especially when the
chain is composed of my gearing links, and my connecting links having no central

page_text: through openings (which latter links always present a broad bearing surface to the
rim) is by means of screws which are entered through the rim from the inner side,
and upon the outer ends of which screws the chain rests. This method is
illustrated in Figure 28, where the links C are shown as resting on the outer ends
of the screws R. If the pitches of the wheel and of the chain are alike when new,
that of the chain will become longer after the chain has been in work for some
time, the screws R will then require to be turned, so as to project beyond the rim
sufficiently to again equalize the pitch. One such adjustable screw R may be
used for every hinge of the chain; but in some cases, especially in wheels
constructed with comparatively few working teeth, one screw for every second or
third hinge of the chain will be sufficient. The chain wheels ought besides to be
so constructed that the pitch line over the adjustable screws comes a little nearer
to the centre of the wheel than is the pitch line just over the permanent resting
planes of the chain, as shown in Figure 28. The adjustable screws may be
provided each with a head, and thus be screwed into the rim from the outside;
a broader resting plane for the chain is thereby obtained, but when such is required
it will be better to use two screws, as shown in the cross section of the rim,
Figure 29.
Other equivalent means may be used for regulating the pitch of the wheel; for
instance, the rim may be divided into detachable segments provided with teeth or
flanges for guiding the chain and secured by bolts to the arms of the wheel, or to a
bar which connects the arms of the wheel in a manner that permits of each one of
the segments being separately adjusted at one or both of its ends, as may be
required. The segment S of the portion of a wheel, shown in Figure 28, is hinged
to the arm T by a bolt r, and secured to the other arm by bolts ¹. The holes for
these latter bolts either in the segment or in the arm T require to be a little oblong,
so that the segment can at this end be secured a little further out from the contre
of the wheel when the chain has become enlarged. Or both the ends of the
segment may be thus secured by bolts r¹. The segment S, shown in Figure 30, is
secured to the bar P which connects two arms T of the wheel by means of bolts r,
two on each side of the segment, and between the projections provided for the
bolts r may be placed thin plates or washers v, the number or thickness of which
has to be increased when the pitch between the working teeth requires to be
enlarged. The teeth in the segments are, by preference, all guide teeth, or the
segments may otherwise be so constructed as to merely guide the chain. Two or
more such adjustable guide segments may, and in wheels of a large size ought to be
secured to the wheel between every two working. teeth.
Having thus fully described my Invention, I declare that I claim as new and
desire to secure by Letters Patent,-
First. The combination in chains for driving machinery of "connecting links,"
provided each with a raised part E by which the entrances to the hinges or grooves
of the other or gearing links are narrowed, the latter links having one or both of
their side bars of less thickness than the end bars, or equivalently flattened out or
made of a less than their normal thickness close to the end bars, so as to permit of
being pressed sideways into the grooves of the connecting links when occupying a
certain angular position in relation thereto, substantially as shown and described.
Second. In chains for driving machinery, the use of such connecting links
(without any such intermediate raised part) in combination with "gearing links,"
substantially as shown and described, which allows of the end bar of one of the
connected gearing links being directly entered into its hinge from the front, but
which, as the opening to the other hinge is thereby narrowed requires that the
end bar of the other connected gearing link shall be pressed sideways into its
groove or hinge when occupying a certain angular position in relation thereto,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Third. In a chain composed of "gearing links" alternately with such a connecting
link as permits of the end bars of both of the connected gearing links being
directly entered into its hinges from the front, the closing or narrowing the

page_text: entrances to the hinges by means of a removable piece placed between the ends
of the gearing links, substantially as described and shown in Figures 7 to 22, for
the purpose of preventing the links from falling apart.
Fourth. The construction of chains for driving machinery with flexible metallic
bands alternating with links provided with openings for gearing with the teeth
of the wheels, the said bands and links being connected in the manner substan-
tially as shown and described.
Fifth. The construction of chain wheels with adjustable parts for regulating
the pitch as required, also the manner of arranging and forming the teeth for
gearing and guiding, all substantially as and for the purposes described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nils Knut Husberg, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.