Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 6th Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 7th Jan., 1887.
[Communicated from abroad by LA SOCIÉTÉ GENESTE HERSCHER ET CIE, of Paris,
in the Republic of France.]
1, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincolns Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention, to be
as follows:
This Invention relates to portable ovens or apparatus for baking bread or the like
of the class described in former letters patent granted to me and dated A.D. 1881
December 29th No. 5714 and known in France as the Espinasse Oven.
These ovens present the disadvantage of being difficult and tedious to put up and
take down and of being made of a great number or variety of parts.
The object of the present Invention is to remedy this disadvantage by reducing
the number of parts so as to greatly simplify the operation of constructing or pulling
together the oven in the field without impairing its efficiency. This result is accom-
plished by means of the arrangements hereinafter described.
.
A portable oven constructed according to this Invention is divided transversely
into a number of sections each of which completes a certain portion of the length of
the oven.
Each section is provided with say four uprights two horizontal trusses L
suitable number of longitudinal bars plates or panels and a sufficient number of tie
rods or bolts to support the sheet iron or metal constituting the inner vault or roof
of the oven and consolidate the whole structure.
The general construction is similar to that known in France as the Espinasse oven
except that all the parts of each section in place of being simply built up or placed
one upon the other are permanently bolted or rivetted together so that each section
forms a part complete in itself,

page_text: In addition to the main sections or body any convenient number of which may
be employed, there are provided two end pieces one constituting the charging end
and the other the flue or chimney end. All the parts or sections and ends are
connected and forced together by means of longitudinal chains which are tightened
by means of screws. The oven when in use is covered with earth in the usual manner.
In order to facilitate charging with the loaves, the oven may be provided with
trucks mounted on rollers running on angle iron rails provided on the floors of the
sections. The tins or loaves being placed on these trucks the operation of charging
is enabled to be performed with the utmost celerity.
These ovens may also be provided with slabs or panels of refractory or fire proof
tiles covering the floor or outer parts of the interior if desired.
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Portable Ovens for Baking Bread and other
Aliments.
I JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of
Middlesex Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention which has
been communicated to me from abroad by La Société Geneste Herscher & Cie of
Paris in the Republic of France, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This Invention relates to portable ovens or apparatus of the class described in the
Specification to former. Letters Patent granted to me and dated December 29th 1881
Number 5714. These ovens are chiefly employed in travelling bakeries for baking
the bread rations for soldiers in camp, and are so constructed as to adinit of being
readily erected and taken down and of being packed in a convenient form for travelling
being known in France as "Espinasse Ovens."
The said ovens are composed of a number of sections in the form of arches sup-
ported on iron legs or pins driven into the earth. These sections form a species of
skeleton framework supporting plates of sheet iron forming the inside lining of the
oven the spaces between the bars of the framework being filled in with earth. The
ordinary Espinasse Ovens although capable of rendering valuable services have the
disadvantage of being somewhat difficult and tedious to construct and take down and
of being made of a great number of different parts. An ordinary Espinasse oven
comprises about 200 pieces of four different patterns and if one part gets lost the
entire apparatus is rendered unserviceable.
The object of the present Invention is to remedy these disadvantages by reducing
the number of separable parts so as to greatly simplify the operation of constructing
the oven in the field without impairing its efficiency. This result is accomplished by
means of the arrangements hereinafter described.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the several
figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents partly in longitudinal section
and partly in side elevation an improved oven constructed and arranged according
to the Invention and figure 2 is an end elevation likewise partly in transverse
section.
In the example illustrated in the drawing the main or body part of the oven is
composed of three arches or sections marked respectively 1, 2 and 3 but this number
may be increased or diminished according to circumstances. Each section is provided
with four uprights B, two transverse girders or trusses a suitable number of
longitudinal bars I connected by tie rods or bolts E to a sheet iron or metal plates F
constituting the lining of the roof of the oven. The plates forming the lining of
the sides are attached to the uprights B. The form and general arrangement of the
improved oven when the parts are in position for laking are similar to those of an
ordinary Espinasse oven but the parts composing each section in place of requiring

page_text: to be built up or put together separately as in the case of Espinasse Ovens as hereto-
fore constructed are permanently bolted or rivetted together so that each section is
complete in itself.
In addition to the main sections 1, 2, 3 forming the body of the oven and any
convenient number of which may he employed according to the size of the oven
there are provided two end pieces 4 and 5 one (5) constituting the charging end
and the other (4) the flue or chimney end. Each of these end pieces is complete in
itself and does not require to be taken to pieces for travelling. When the sections and
ends are placed in position so as to form the frame work of an oven as indicated in the
drawing figure 2 they are connected and forced together by means of longitudinal
chains K which are tightened by means of filbows or eye bolts K'. The oven when
in ise is covered with earth in the usual manner. In order to facilitate charging
the rations or loaves trucks M mounted on wheels or rollers P running on rails N
formed by angle irons attached to the lower part of the sections may be employed.
The tins or loaves being placed on these trucks outside the over the operation of
charging is enabled to he performed with the utmost celerity by running the trucks
into the oven upon the rails N.
These ovens may also be provided with slabs or panels of refractory or fire proof
tiles covering the floor or other parts of the interior if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
First. The improved arrangements and combinations of parts constituting a portable
or field oven substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
Second. A portable or field oven made in separable parts or sections, as hereinbefore
set forth and provided with angle irons N forming rails for the reception of wheels
or rollers P of trucks M carrying the articles to be baked as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.