Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Warming and Ventilating Rooms, Hospitals, Buildings, and the like.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 19th Mar., 1892
COME JETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Warming and Ventilating
Rooms, Hospitals, Buildings, and the like.
I, EDWIN OLDROYD of Crown Works Crown Street Leeds, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the means or apparatus whereby fresh
or cool air may be supplied to any kind of building from openings in communication
with the outer atmosphere and after being admitted to the basement of the building
may be warmed or heated prior to being conveyed or admitted by suitable tubes
into a room or apartment. Provision being also made whereby the heated or
vitiated air may be withdrawn from a room or apartment by means of a second set
of suitable tubes into what I term an extracted air chamber from whence it may
either be allowed to recirculate through the building, or be withdrawn therefrom
into the chimney by an air propeller, extractor or fan, thereby permitting of the
air being constantly changed.
I attain these objects by the means or apparatus set forth in the annexed sheets
of drawings.
Fig. 1. is a sectional elevation of a public building with my invention applied.
Fig. 2. a part sectional elevation of same, showing arrangement of means for
admitting, warming, and extracting, the air.
Fig. 3. is a plan of the sub-basement, and
Figs. 4. 5. 6. 7 and 8 are respectively plans of the various floors of the building
shown at Fig. 1.
A is the floor of the sub-basement, B the basement floor, C the ground floor, and
D the ground line.
Below the sub-basement floor may be arranged a culvert E which passes prefer-
ably along the inner side of the footing walls on all sides of the building, or in
place of the culvert a reservoir for air of any suitable size and shape (may be
employed. The culvert is arranged to communicate with any required number of
openings E', E, E, E, arranged on the outside of the building (see Fig. 3).
The said openings may be taken from any level, but generally and preferably by
means of shafts provided with area grates at or near the ground line, or near the
base of the building. One opening or grate may wherever practicable, but not
necessarily so, be fixed at each of the four corners of the building to be ventilated,
and the flow of fresh or cool air to the culvert regulated by dampers. Or the
number of these openings and grates may be increased or diminished as circum-
stances require. At Fig. 3 I have shown an example of the openings E', E", E",
all on one side of the building, but each arranged to communicate with a separate
portion of the culvert thus, E, is in communication with that portion of the culvert
running parallel or nearly so with the side Ex; and E", with the portion of
the culvert running parallel with the side E**; and E with the portion of the
culvert running parallel with E***; whilst E, communicates with that portion of
the culvert running parallel (or nearly so) with side E****. Each of the above
lescribed portions of the culvert may be cut off respectively from the other part
or parts thereof by means of the dampers or doors Q, Q¹, Q², G²
A flagged or other suitable covering A which also forms the floor of the sub-
basement is fixed above the fresh or cool air culvert E and it is provided with
penings between the joints of the flags or by openings through the flags or grated
penings e so as to distribute equally, the fresh air throughout the entire length of

page_text: the air chamber E and from thence into another culvert chamber F formed above it
and extending all round the building as shown at Fig. 3.
The chamber, F is arranged to contain the heated steam or hot water pipes G as
a medium for warming the air.
"
The warm air produced in the pipe chamber F has a natural tendency to ascend.
Numerous trunks or warm air pipes or shafts H. H are taken from the upper part
of the chamber F. They may either be formed in the walls, or by sanitary tubes,
or by woodwork.
By this means the ascending warm air is distributed and delivered to any part
of the building to be heated. The trunks H. H may be arranged to terminate in
the room or rooms the outlets being preferably at say about seven or eight feet above
the respective floors, but this height as well as any other dimensions herein given
may be varied as circumstances require.
In addition to the warm air trunks H. I provide similar sets of trunks I for the
extraction of the cold or vitiated air. These pipes I are fixed vertically and
terminate at the base in a cavity or chamber J formed under the floor F₁ of pipe
chamber F in such a manner as to deliver the return extracted air into the lower
room A* or sub-basement A', of the building, or into other suitable channels or
collecting reservoirs constructed to answer the same purpose.
The tubes H and I may be arranged to be fixed in any convenient position in
the room or apartment, such as say against the wall as shown at Fig. 1, and the
tubes H may extend whole or partially from floor to ceiling. When they are.
made to extend the full distance from floor to ceiling then suitable openings or
orifices may be provided at the sides of the tubes for the admission of air into the
room or apartment.
.
The openings or entrance to the tubes I may be preferably in the floor as shown
at any suitable distance therefrom.
The lower room or sub-basement or extracted air chamber A', may or may not
be put into communication with the pipe chamber F by opening or closing the
doors K, K. When the doors K, Kare open the same air is warmed and circulated
over again but when closed the lower room or reservoir A* or sub-basement A' is
open to an extracting arrangement constructed as follows.
An extraction shaft or chimney L of large area, and of suitable cubical capacity
is provided and arranged to communicate with the extracted air chamber A', by
means of shaft or culvert constructed below the level of chamber J. as shown at
Fig. 2. At the base of shaft L is or are one or more coils of steam or hot water
pipes M. or a fire, or a quantity of gas jets may be used in order to rarify the
contents of the shaft for causing the air to ascend. In the shaft L may also be
fixed the chimney N of the hot water boiler O preferably made of iron and which
may pass up the centre or side or corner of the shaft L. for warming the air within
the shaft in order to rarify the contents of the shaft for causing the air to ascend
in addition to or without the aid of the before said coils M. Also when desired
and as
an auxiliary means a fan, or extract fan, or air propeller R or other
mechanical means may be arranged within the shaft L for dislodging, drawing and
raising the vitiated air, or other atmosphere from the lower room, cavity, or
reservoir Ax and from the sub-basement A', and from the bottom to the top of the
extraction shaft L from which it. is discharged into the open air.
'
By keeping up a constant suction, or partial vacuum at the base of the shaft, by
one or all, or any of the foregoing means the vitiated or other contents of the
building will be withdrawn.
The operation is as follows:-Fresh or cold air is admitted in at the
areas E¹, E", E, E into culvert E thence into pipe chamber F, up the warm
air shafts H, H, down the cold air return extraction shafts I into chamber J, from
which it passes into the sub-basement or chamber A', and into vitiated air
chamber P, and finally out of the main extract shaft L. A constant circulation
of fresh air and a positive discharge of vitiated air is thus obtained substantially,
in any required quantity without draught throughout the entire building.

page_text: In case any of the tubes H for inlet of warm air, or outlet tubes I for extract of
return air, should work more violently, then dampers or throttles may be fixed at
the base, or at the top, or in any other part, or in any or all of them, to choke off
some or give freedom to others, so as to get uniformity and equality, or various
degrees of action.
A gas engine or any other motor Q to which it is applied may be required to
drive the fan R.,
A hot water or steam boiler O or any other heat generating medium, may be
used as a medium for heating the pipes G in the culvert or chamber F, or a hot
air furnace of iron or firebrick, or any other heat generating medium may be used
for heating the said culvert or chamber F without using pipes, for the purpose of
heating or regulating the heat of the building.
The cold air is preferably drawn towards a central collecting chamber such
as A in order to obtain equality and uniformity of ventilation and the air
tubes and pipes, are for the same reason numerous and well distributed.
The heating and ventilating system may be worked conjointly when artificial
warmth is required, or independently and separately in summer time, or for fresh
air only in and in conjunction with ordinary heating apparatus, as shown at S.
Figs. 4 to 8.
Suitable doors and staircases are provided for admission into various chambers
for inspection and cleaning purposes.
In the drawings I have illustrated a ready and convenient method of applying
my invention but I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not limit myself
to the precise arrangement of details there shown and described as they may be
varied and adapted to the requirements of the building to which my invention is
applied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare what 1
claim is :-
1st. The improvements in means or apparatus for warming and ventilating rooms
or buildings which consists in admitting the fresh air to a culvert such as E in the
basement from which it passes into a chamber or cavity containing steam or hot
water pipes, thence through tubes such as H into the room or rooms, whilst the
cold or vitiated air is withdrawn from the room or rooms by means of pipes I into
cavity J, A*, A', P from which it passes to the shaft L substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 1 to 3.
2nd. In the warming and ventilation of rooms and buildings the employment
and use of a culvert E communicating with the outside of the building and with a
pipe chamber F, the tubes H and I chambers or cavities J, A*, A', and P, shaft I.
and its allied parts, all arranged and operating substantially as described with
reference to Figs. 1 to 3 of accompanying drawings.
3rd. The arrangement and construction and application of the various parts
forming the improved means for warming and ventilating rooms or buildings as a
whole, substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the Fifteenth day of February 1892.
EDWIN OLDROYD,
By W. Fairburn Hart,
Agent.