IMPROVEMENTS. IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING, SELECTING, AND READING IN SUCH CORDS OF DESIGNS OR PATTERNS AS ARE TRANSFERRED AND PERFORATED. ON CARDS, PAPERS, OR THEIR SUBSTITUTES, AND FOR RE-PRODUCING AND. REPEATING DUPLICATES OF SUCH OPERATIONS ON SUCH MATERIALS POR JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Duncan Mackenzie, of Graham Road, Dalston, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING, SELECTING, AND READING IN
SUCH CORDS OF DESIGNS OR PATTERNS AS ARE TRANSFERRED AND PERFORATED.
ON CARDS, PAPERS, OR THEIR SUBSTITUTES, AND FOR RE-PRODUCING AND.
REPEATING DUPLICATES OF SUCH OPERATIONS ON SUCH MATERIALS POR JACQUARD
MACHINES."
Sealed the 19th September 1865, and dated the 23rd March 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Duncan Mackenzie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd March 1865.
I, DUNCAN MACKENZIE, of Graham Road, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING, SELECTING, AND
READING IN SUCH CORDS OF DESIGNS OR PATTERNS AS ARE TRANSFERRED AND
PERFORATED ON CARDS, PAPERS, OR THEIR SUBSTITUTES, AND FOR RE-PRODUCING AND
REPEATING DUPLICATES OF SUCH OPERATIONS ON SUCH MATERIALS FOR JACQUARD
MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention relates, first, to, and consists of improvements in apparatus and
in machinery for reading in designs or patterns on an unerring principle of

page_text: arithmetical progression and of geometrical exactness for shawls, silks, laces,
ribbons, damasks, carpets, tapestries, cotton and woollen goods, worsted stuffs,
and other fabrics; and for perforating such designs or patterns on cards, papers,
or their substitutes in a more convenient, and much simpler, and more ex-
peditious and perfect manner than has been performed hitherto. These pecu-
liar, intricate, and important operations, I accomplish by such an arrangement
and combination of parts, as reduce them from a state of complexity and
uncertainty to that of simplicity and precision, so that they are completely
extricated from the labyrinth of confusion in which they have been involved,
and are rendered perfectly plain; and whilst their manipulations are thereby
greatly facilitated, and the expenses of their productions considerably lessened,
the advantage of correct results is attained at once. It will be necessary to
premise that this machine, technically termed the reader, is dissimilar in form
and distinct in operations from the jacquard, and that the very essence of the
latter depends on the works of the former, inasmuch as the operations of both
necessarily unite, and reciprocally contribute, to produce the pattern as woven
in the cloth. The reader thus, of necessity, and from its utility, constitutes.
an essential and important adjunct to the jacquard, as the instrument by
which the patterns are not only transferred by perforations on any suitable
materials, but by which they are also transmitted by the application of such
perforated materials to the jacquard, and produced in the cloth by the action
of that loom. The reader, therefore, is an indispensable auxiliary to the
jacquard, since it can have no effect by itself without the accompaniment of
the operations of the reader.
It will also be requisite to premise that the designs which are the peculiar
province of the reader to operate upon, may be likenesses of natural or
artificial objects selected for the purpose, and may be delineated on paper or
any other suitable material, geometrically ruled first into large equidistant,
horizontal, and vertical lines of an equal area, and subdivided again into small
squares, oblongs, or any other geometrical forms also of an equal area; and that
the patterns on such like materials are represented in one or more colors equal
to those tints that are intended to be produced and appear in the cloth. And
the quantity of squares, oblongs, or any other forms of any one kind of colors,
that may be contained by any two such horizontal lines of the pattern, and by
all its vertical lines intersecting them, forms a separate card or lash, and each
one of such squares, oblongs, or forms, as represent that one kind of colours,
requires a certain position and a corresponding orifice on the card to coincide
with the "tie," or in other words, to the adjustment of mountings adopted for
the loom. I do not, however, confine myself to designs being drawn on ruled

page_text: paper as thus defined. To avoid confusion and repetition in the description;
the pattern will be treated as consisting of squares only, and the square form
only made mention of, but any other form or convenient figure may be substi-
tuted and made use of. To read in a pattern I mount it on an endless' web
or band, and pass it over a number of rollers to keep it tight. On one of these
rollers I mount a spur or ratchet wheel, which is geared into by suitable
pinions, levers, and catches which receive their motions from the main working
parts of the machine, so that the rollers over which the endless band passes
receive a slow and intermittent motion, so as to bring the pattern into line
with a set of pointers or index fingers. The pointers are mounted on a long
horizontal bar, and are set from each other on the bar at a distance of, for
instance, exactly twelve squares apart, and each one of those squares represents
a portion of the pattern which is to be read in. The bar (with its pointers)
receives a longitudinal horizontal intermittent motion, so as to bring each of
these pointers to point to the next square to the right, until each pointer has
pointed to twelve squares in succession, which will bring each pointer so far
to the right that it will just finish its move on the square preceding that
square on which each pointer to the right began. The bar and pointers receive
these horizontal, motions for every single vertical motion of the rollers and
pattern, but the rollers and pattern receive motion only after each pointer
on the bar has passed over twelve squares in succession intermittently, which
number, multiplied into the number of pointers, represents the number of
pattern holes that can ever be punched in one card, exclusive of the lace and
stud holes for six hundred cords. Allowing the number of pointers on the bar
to be fifty-one, and placed twelve squares apart to correspond with the pattern,
this will give six hundred and twelve pattern holes. These pointers are all
numbered from left to right; there are also a complete set of keys, like piano-,
forte keys, mounted in three rows to correspond to these pointers; one finger.
key to each pointer. The numbers on the keys, and their corresponding
pointers, must coincide. Each key is connected through a rod and lever to a
bar which rises upright, or nearly so, when its key is depressed. The upper
end of the bar passes. the end of its corresponding punch, such a distance that.
its end can be caught or laid hold of by a bar (mounted on two bell-crank arms)
which is made to move forward by means of the other arms of the bell cranks,.
being connected by descending rods to the short arms of treadle levers, the,
ong ends of which are connected together at the front of the machine by a
board which is acted on by the foot of the operator.
When one or any number
of the pointers points or point to any portion of the pattern in the horizontal
ow of squares, a key or keys, corresponding to the number or numbers on the

page_text: pointer or pointers, is or are depressed so low that a small catch or catches
formed on the key rod or rods lays or lay hold of a small bar in front of the
machine, and is or are kept for a time only in that position or positions. By
the key or keys being lowered, the back bar or bars has or have been raised high
enough to be laid hold of by the bar on the bell-crank arms; the treadle is
then depressed by the foot, the bar on the bell-crank arms sweeps forward, and
takes hold of the upper end or ends of the rod or rods, and force it or them
forward, and takes or take its or their corresponding punch or punches forward
at the same time, and force it or them through the blank card, which has been
fixed in between two perforated plates by a hand wheel and screw, and thus the
squares in the pattern are read in and punched in the cards. At each opera-
tion of this kind, as described, a row of pattern squares are read in and
punched. The plates between which the card has been held have the proper
number of holes formed in them, lace and stud holes included, which can ever
at any time be punched in a card for six hundred cords. The proper number
of punches is mounted in suitable guides in one row, that is to say, fifty-one
for pattern holes, two for stud holes, and the proper number for lace holes.
These punches have only a horizont al motion from back to front when in the
act of punching the cards, and from front to back when they are withdrawn
from the cards by suitable springs. The plates in which the cards are held
receive a vertical motion upward, so as to bring the next row of holes opposite
to the ends of the punches. When the treadle has been set at liberty by
taking off the foot, it springs upwards, and by means of a pin in it, which
moves in a slotted rod and strikes the upper end of the slot, which raises the
rod at a portion of its stroke upwards, a catch formed on the rod lays
hold of a pin in a horizontal crank arm, which is mounted on a rocking shaft,
on which another two crank arms are fixed vertically, a rod is mounted in the
other ends of these arms. When the shaft rocks, this rod, which crosses the
front of the machine, strikes back the key and rod, or keys and rods which has
or have been depressed; and thus allow it or them to spring up and be ready
for the next operation. The plates and card receive their upward motion from
a second treadle being depressed by the foot when it is relieved; it is
forced or drawn upwards by a strong spring, which, by means of connecting
rods and pawls or catches acting on a ratchet wheel which has a tooth for each
row of holes in the plates; this rising of the lever turns round the ratchet
wheel exactly one tooth, and by means of suitable gearing the ratchet-wheel
shaft turns a second shaft which is mounted across the machine; this shaft has
suitable shaped cams mounted on it, so as to raise the plates by means of
their action to the proper distance. The cam shaft has a wheel with a helica

page_text: groove cut in it mounted on it, which groove acting on a pin in the end of an
adjustable lever, moves the bar on end with its pointers the exact distance
that they shall point to the next squares, when the perforated plate has
been raised; the proper keys may now be depressed, and the reading in and
punching process repeated until the whole twelve rows in the card are
punched, including lace and stud holes. The gearing and shafts by means of
a winch have their motions reversed, the plate is lowered, and the bar with its
pointers are also set into their first or normal positions; the rollers and pattern
band have also been moved a distance sufficient to bring the next horizontal row
of squares to the pointers. This is accomplished by means of a grooved cam
disc mounted on the end of the cross shaft, the action of this groove on a pin
in the end of a rod which is jointed to the end of an adjustable lever, conveys
motion to a second rod jointed to a second lever, which has pawls or clicks
mounted on it, and which act on the ratchet teeth of a wheel which again
gives out a slow motion by means of a small pinion working into the spur
wheel which is keyed on the pattern roller shaft. The groove in the disc is
of such a form that the pattern on the rollers is only moved forward the
distance of a space between the horizontal lines when the motion is reversed;
when this is done a fresh blank card may be placed in the machine, where it
is guided to its proper position by suitable pins in a slight frame. When it is
required to take out a card, the front plate frame and pins are drawn forward
by the band wheel and nut, on which a split disc is mounted helically, so as
to catch a pin in the frame, and so release the card, when it drops down.
Instead of using plates perforated with the proper number of holes that can ever
be punched in one card for six hundred cords, I sometimes modify the before-
mentioned reading in and punching machine, in such manner that one plate
with one row of holes is sufficient, but having the same number of
punches to punch one row of holes as before when I move the card trans-
versely; but if I move the card in a longitudinal direction, I only require
twelve pattern hole punches for each row of holes, with the requisite number
of those for lace and stud holes. In the modifications I form and mount the
keys and the levers in such manner that they shall act direct on the heads
of the punches. The keys are mounted in three rows as before, each row
behind the other, so that the whole number are easily brought within reach of
the operator, or I mount them in one row if requisite; I fix the finger keys
on the front ends of the levers, the back ends of which are mounted on a
strong rod or bar fixed or mounted in the framing. The front ends of the
keys have notches or catches formed on them which, when they are depressed,
are laid hold of by reversed but similar catches formed on small bell-crank

page_text: bosses, which are mounted on a rod in front of the machine; this rod has
another rod mounted on and parallel to it at a short distance, to bear up
one of the arms of the bell cranks' which rest on it. The outer ends of these
arms are formed into a small weight to keep them down on the rod; another
arm of these cranks hangs vertically downwards. The rod on which these
small cranks with their catches are mounted, is connected at each end by
connecting rods to the front and short ends of intermediate levers, the long
and back ends of which are connected by rods to the short and back ends of
treadle levers, the long ends of which are to the front, and are there connected
by a foot board. The extreme back ends of the intermediate levers are drawn
down by a spring, which thus raises the front ends and with them the rods,
bar, and bell-crank catches. In this case I prefer to pass the pattern under
the roller to which the fingers point, and up the front of the machine over
two rollers near the front, then along the top, and over a fourth roller in an
adjustable bearing on the top of the frame near the back. These rollers and
pattern, and the pointers on the finger bar, receive their respective motions as
formerly described. The punches, are mounted with springs on them
in a guide plate fixed underneath, and near the middles of the levers; under
the punches is the plate having holes to correspond to them, and on which
the cards are punched. The card is placed in a small frame which has small
racks connected to it at the back. These are drawn backward by a small
pinion or teeth cut in a shaft, which has a ratchet wheel with twelve teeth
mounted on it, and which has a bell crank mounted loosely on the same shaft.
This bell crank is moved up, and by a slotted rod, which is jointed to the
intermediate lever, a pawl or click on a pin in the bell-crank arm takes into
the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and moves it round a tooth at each time
the lever moves up and down. A similar ratchet wheel and apparatus are
mounted on the cross shaft, which gives motion to the pattern and pointer or
finger bar.
In both these ratchet wheels catches formed on the ends of a
lever take. These catches prevent the wheels from moving while the pawls
or clicks are drawn over them for a fresh bite. Springs are provided to keep
these pawls and catches in gear. A rod is connected to the lever on which
the catches are formed, which when pulled draws first the lever catches out of
gear, by drawing still further (to the front) the levers strike the other two
clicks out of gear. The shafts are now thoroughly released, and by means of
a pulley on each shaft on which chains are wound, and which pass over a
pulley and are fastened to a weight, which weight draws the shafts and al
their connections back to their normal positions. In reading in as before the
proper keys being selected are then depressed by the finger so far as that the

page_text: catches on the lever are laid hold of by those catches which are formed on
the small bell cranks, and held there until the whole of the horizontal row
of squares which are parts of the pattern are read in. When the foot is
applied to the treadle and through the rods and levers, the rod on which the
bell-crank catches are mounted is drawn down, and with it of course the
bell-crank catches are drawn down likewise, and also taking with them those
levers which have been depressed, and are laid hold of by them, so that those
levers force the punches through the card, thus punching in it the proper
holes which correspond with the pattern. When the foot is released from the
treadle the spring on the back end of the intermediate lever draws it down,
and with it its connections, and so pulls round the ratchet wheels another
tooth which brings a fresh portion of the card under the punches, and also
shifts the pointers on to another horizontal square of the pattern. This is
repeated until the twelve rows of holes are punched in the card. When the
lever catches are pulled out of the ratchet wheels, the lever takes the pawls
out of them, also when the weight through the chains and pullies reverses the
motions of the shafts, and brings the different parts into proper position to
commence reading in and punching a fresh card. When all the cards of a
pattern have been read in and punched, I lace them together in a proper
manner and in the requisite order, and mount them in a machine, which may
either be a part of the first machine or its modification. In this machine I
place a square tumbler in adjustable bearings on the top of each end of the
machine. These tumblers have their sides to correspond to the breadth of the
cards and their lacings, and are mounted with studs on which the stud holes
of the cards take. Rollers are likewise mounted on the top of the framing
between these tumblers to bear up the slack of the cards which would other-
wise hang down between them. The cards hang perpendicular or nearly so
in front of the tumbler nearest to the front of the machine, and also over and
down from the back tumbler. The chain of cards may be made into an
endless band, if necessary.
One of the cards from the front tumbler hangs in
front of a guide plate through which the points of a complete set of needles
mounted in a moveable frame pass, each needle having its own guide hole.
These needles are mounted in the frame in twelve horizontal rows of pattern
holes, there being fifty-one in each row exclusive of stud and lace holes. The
holes in the card which hangs in front of this guide plate coincide with the
guide plate's holes. In front of the card there is another plate fixed with a
similar number of holes; this plate is of a sufficient thickness to correspond
to the length of the punches which lie at rest in it, and which I call the stock
plate. At a small distance in front of this plate another plate is fixed-within

page_text: the framework. This plate is of such a thickness that about one-half of the
punches shall project past the front, and through a thin plate supported on
studs in the last plate. The punches are of two diameters, the portions or
point ends which punch the cards are the smallest, their back portions being
the thickest. The holes in the stock plate allow these portions to pass easily
into it, while the holes in the plate in its front are of two diameters, so that
the punches will fit easily into them forward to shoulders where the different
diameters of holes meet. On the front of the thin plate on suitable guide pins
the blank cards to be punched are placed with their under edges on the guide
pins, and their ends supported on end by similar pins. Now, supposing a
punched card in the chain is about to be repeated, the card in the chain must
hang down behind the thick stock plate in which all the punches for the
present rest. The sliding frame with the mounted needles is drawn forward on
suitable slides by properly shaped cams on a cam shaft by means of connecting
rods. The needles pass through the guide plate, and wherever there are holes
in the card hanging in front of it the needles pass through them, and push the
corresponding punches in the stock plate over the space between the stock plate
and the plate in front of it and right into the plate, so that the shoulders of
the punches shall rest against the shoulders in the holes of the plate, where
they are left. The needles which came up against a blank place in the card
when they were being drawn forward are kept back by the card, and cannot
touch a punch in front of them, but allows them to rest in the stock plate.
The needles have helical springs mounted on them and abut against a small
washer fixed on each, and against the inside of the back part of the frame.
These springs give way and allow the frame to be drawn forward on to them
until the end of its stroke, when at the return stroke they come back with it
again. It will be seen that wherever there has been a hole in the card to be
repeated, one of the needles has entered and pushed a punch from the stock
plate to the plate in front of it. Whenever the needles have been drawn a
sufficient distance back from the punches, a stop plate of metal is pushed up
between the two plates by means of suitable cams, rods, and levers, and so
prevents the return of the punches or locks them in the plate. Another
perforated plate in front of this is now drawn back on to the blank cards by
means of cams and rods, and forces the card on to the points of the punches
which have been locked in the plate, and thus punch the proper holes in it.
Another plate (with needles fixed in it one for each hole in front of the last
plate, and which slides on guide studs in it) is now brought back, so that the
needles will pass back through it and push the punches back (the stop or
lock, plate having in the meantime been lowered) into the stock plate. The

page_text: card is thrown off from the face of the thin plate by means of springs between
it and the other plate. The plates with the fixed needles are now drawn to
the front and another blank card inserted. When the moveable needle frame
was being drawn back by means of stops fixed on it, acting on the lower end
of a lever which is centred on a stud fixed in the side frame, the upper end of
this lever is jointed to rods with catches which lay hold of one of four pins or
teeth in the end of each tumbler, and so tumble another square over and drop
a fresh card of the chain in front of the moveable needles, and so the operation
may be proceeded with until all the pattern is repeated.
In order to explain my Invention more minutely reference must be had to the
description of the machine following this, and to the accompanying Drawings.
Different views of the same machine with some of the details are shewn in
Sheets 1, 2, and 3, and a modification of the same machine is shewn in the
Drawings on Sheet 4.
Figure 1 is a view of the left-hand side; Figure 2 is a view of the right-
hand side; Figure 3 is a front elevation; Figure 4 is a plan; and Figure 5 is
a sectional elevation of the same, all as shewn on Sheets 1, 2, and 3.
Throughout the Drawings similar letters refer to similar parts.
A, A, is the general framework of the machine; B, B, are cross frames or
castings for keeping the framework A, A, together and at their proper
distances apart; B₁ is the main driving shaft which revolves in bearings
formed in the brackets C, C, firmly secured to the framing A, A, and on
which shaft is secured the handle or winch C₁; C, is a bell crank mounted
loosely on the shaft B¹; to the lower arm end of this bell crank a helical
spring a is attached, the other end of the spring is fixed to the main frame-
work A. The end of the other arm of the bell crank is formed into a ball
which, with the end of the connecting rod C³, forms a universal joint. The
lower end of the connecting rod is jointed to a treadle C', which is worked
by the foot. In the same arm (which is a split one) to which the connecting
rod Cs is jointed, a pawl or click a¹ is mounted on a stud, which stud is loose
in the arm of the bell crank; on the side of the arm, and on the same stud on
which the pawl is fixed, a small lever a³ is fixed. This thumb lever has a
prolongation formed on it on the opposite side of the centre, and is acted on
by a spring a; this spring acting on the thumb lever a' keeps the pawl or
click a¹ into the teeth of the ratchet wheel C³, which has twelve teeth, and is
firmly secured on the main driving shaft B¹. Underneath the ratchet wheel C
another thumb lever a' is placed and centred on a pin or stud fixed in the
framework; the shortest or lightest end of this thumb lever has a catch or
pawl as formed on it to take into the teeth of the ratchet wheel C, the other

page_text: end of this lever is weighted, either by having a ball or weight formed or fixed
on it, or a spring at either end may be substituted for the purpose of keeping
the catch end of the lever in gear with the teeth of the ratchet wheel; this
lever catch prevents the ratchet wheel and other parts from turning backwards
out of position, while the bell crank and its pawl are being drawn backwards
to take into another tooth of the ratchet wheel by means of the tread of the
foot on the treadle C. When the foot or action of the foot is released from
the treadle, the strong spring Co (attached to the treadle lever and a stud in
the framework) brings up the treadle C', connecting rod C³ and bell crank C³
with the pawl and ratchet wheel C³ into the positions shewn or represented in
the Drawings. When turning the ratchet wheel backwards the thumb levers
and pawls are moved out of the ratchet wheel by the left hand, while the
winch handle is turned by the right, the pawls may then be dropped into any
of the teeth required. C' is a mitre wheel fixed on the main shaft B¹ and
gears into another mitre wheel D secured on the shaft D', which shaft runs
across the machine and turns in bearings in the main framing A, A. On the
shaft D¹ two snail or volute cams D3, D2, (mostly seen in dotted lines) are
firmly keyed or otherwise secured one on each side of the machine, and close
up to the side of the main framing A, A. A strong plate D³ extends across
the machine, and slides up and down in parallel slots formed in the side
framing A, A, the ends of this plate project through the slots and rest on the
same corresponding points on the peripheries of the snail or volute cams D2, D3.
As represented in the Drawings they are shewn as resting on the points of the
cams nearest to the centres. When the ratchet wheel (by the action of the
treadle, pawls, and springs,) is turned round the space of one ratchet tooth,
the cams (of course through the action of the mitre wheels C and D) turn
round and lift the plate D³ a proportionate space, which space of the plate's
motion or lift is exactly one-twelfth of the space through which it rises by the
full motion or movement of the cams. This twelfth part of the rise corre-
sponds to the pitch of a number of holes drilled, or otherwise formed in the
plate D³. In this plate D³ there are twelve horizontal and fifty-one vertical
rows, besides a number of other holes to correspond to stud and lace holes
in the cards which are to be pierced or punched, it being designed for what
is technically termed six hundred cords. In front of plate D³ a short plate D
is mounted, so as to slide on studs fixed into plate D³; the outer ends
of these studs have a plate or bar D³ mounted on them and firmly secured by
nuts b, b. To the centre of the short plate D' a bent bridle or bar b' is fixed
vertically; this bridle or bar touches the plate D' at its ends only, so that it is
perfectly clear of that portion of the plate in which the holes are formed, and

page_text: so allows the portions of the cards that are punched out to fall out of the
plate holes without hindrance. In the centre of the bridle or bar b¹ a boss is
formed, in which is fixed the end of a screwed stud 63, on this stud a long nut b³
is mounted, the end of which nut nearest the front is formed smaller, so that it
may pass through a hole in a boss formed on the bar D which serves for a
bearing for the nut to revolve in. D is a hand wheel firmly secured on the
front and small end of the revolving nut 6, and close up to the bar or plate D*;
thus serving for a collar or shoulder to prevent the nut passing out of the
bar D when being turned round by means of the hand wheel D. This hand
wheel, nut, stud, bridle, or bar, and short plate D' are made use of to press
each card up against the long plate D³, and to hold the cards firmly between
them when they are being punched by the punches against the short plate D'.
The holes in both plates must coincide exactly with each other. The holes in
the long plate D³ serve merely as a guide for the points of the punches to
enter the holes in the other correctly. Up to a shoulder on the inner or
largest end of the nut a thin disc c of metal is mounted, and the end of the
nut rivetted up behind it to secure it in its place. This disc has a cut in it
from the hem or periphery radially as far as the largest portion of the nut,
and then proceeds rounds its periphery a suitable distance, or so far as to
allow the cut or semi-detached portion to be drawn out of the plane of the
main portion of the disc, and thus forms an inclined plane or portion of a
screw propeller, which takes hold of a pin c¹ fixed in a recess or cranked
portion of a slight bar or frame . This frame has four steady or card
guide pins c, c, c, c, fixed in it in such positions that one of them is at each
end of the card, and one near each end, but under it to keep the card
in a proper position while being punched. These pins pass through holes
in the short plate D', and into corresponding holes in the plate D³ when
the thin disc c has been turned far enough round to allow the pin c¹ in the
slight frame to pass backwards into the space between the inclined and
parallel parts of the disc, where it is pushed by the helical springs c, c';
mounted on studs or guides, which are fixed at one end in the slight frame c³.
The other ends of these studs or guides pass loosely through guide holes in
the bar or plate Ds. The slight frame c', with its steady pins c³, c³, c³, c³;
and studs rest there, until the hand wheel and disc are again revolved in an
opposite direction, when the action of the inclined plane or screw portion of
the disc acts on the pin c', and withdraws the frame and steady pins so far
from the plate D³, and at the same time the short plate D is likewise with-
drawn from the large plate D³ by means of the revolving of the hand wheel
and screw nut, so that the card or cards which has or have been held by and

page_text: punched between the plates will fall down on a platform placed beneath to
receive them. E is a casting or piece of framework securely fixed between
the main framing A, A. This portion is likewise shewn detached in Figures 6
and 7; Figure 6 being a front view of the frame, and Figure 7 is a plan of the
same. The punches d are set in guide holes in a horizontal row in the frame E.
These holes are formed in the front and back portions of the frame E;
underneath the back row a corresponding row is formed at a suitable distance
therefrom. The back ends of the punches are formed as shewn at d³, where
they have arms projecting downwards, and at right angles to the bodies of the
punches, a distance corresponding to the distance between the top and under-
most row of holes, where they again turn at right angles forward a sufficient
distance parallel with the bodies of the punches. These arms or parallel
portions project through the lower row of holes sufficiently far so as to allow
their points or front ends to be acted on by a row or series of springs d³, one
spring to each punch, so that each spring d2 and its corresponding punch d
may act independent of the others. The lower ends of these springs are
properly secured by their being held between two bars E', E2; these bars are
fixed to the lower ends of hanging brackets E³, E³, the upper ends of which
are properly fixed to the under side of the frame or casting E. In Figures 6
and the frame or casting E, E, and cross frames or castings B, B, in
Figure 8 are represented shorter than what they are in Figures 2 and 4;
these allow the main or side frames A, A, to be brought nearer together, thus
contracting the width of the machine if found necessary. F, F, is a set of
thin vertical bars pressing downward through guides at d³, d*, and are jointed
at their lower ends d³ to a corresponding set of levers F, which levers are
centred on a rod F running across the machine, and supported at their ends
by passing through holes formed in bosses cast on or otherwise secured to
the main side framing A, A. F³ is another set of thin bars similarly jointed
on the front ends of the levers F¹ at d. These vertical bars F' are divided or
separated from each other at their tops by having suitable guides between
them to steady them. Projections or catches e are formed on these bars near
their upper ends; these catches lay hold of the cross bar e, when they are
pushed down by the fingers of the person operating with or working the
machine. e, e, e, are the heads of the keys for touching with the fingers.
It will be seen that they are set in three rows, each row being raised a step
higher as they recede from front to back. They are set in this position by
forming the heads of about two-thirds of the vertical bars F into cross heads,
but about the one half of them made longer to the front than the other half.
About one-third of the whole set of the bars have their keys formed directly

page_text: on them, but all of them have projections or pointers f towards the back.
Each key top has a number distinctly made or marked on it, and covered with
a small piece of glass to preserve it from being obliterated, and to render it
conspicuous to the eye when reading in the pattern. Each pointer f of each
key points backwards to a similar number marked, engraved, or otherwise
formed on a platform f. These pointers may be made of different lengths,
as shewn in plan, so that they may be in line with the perforations of the
plates, and that more room on the platform f¹ may be got to each number at
the point of each pointer. The number of keys exactly corresponds to the
number of punches and to the number of figure or needle holes that can ever
be necessary to punch in any row in a card at one time for six hundred cords,
and also for lace and studs holes with their corresponding punches, bars and
levers. I do not confine myself to the exact number of punches, keys, and
levers as are represented and described, as that must always vary according to
different kinds of material or fabric to be woven, and for which the cards are
to be prepared. When a key or any number of them have been depressed
(according to the pattern) the catch, catches, or projections e come underneath
the cross bar e¹, and hold them in that position. The front end or ends d³ of
the lever or levers F¹ having been lowered by the depression of the key or
keys, the other end or ends d³ of the lever or levers F¹ is or are with its or
their vertical bar or bars F, correspondingly raised, when it or their upper end
or ends pass a sufficient distance above the punch or punches, so that they can
be laid hold of by the edge of a strong bar G, firmly fixed on bell-crank
arms G, G¹, fixed on a cross rocking shaft G. G³, G³, are the other arms of
the bell cranks, to the ends of which connecting rods G, G', are jointed. The
lower ends of these rods are jointed at G' to the short ends of treadle levers Gº,
which are fixed on a rocking shaft or rod which has its bearings or centres in
holes formed in bosses G7 cast on or fixed to the side frames A, A. G is a
foot-board or treadle fixed on the long ends of the levers to be actuated by the
foot. When the treadle is depressed by the foot, motion is conveyed through the
levers G, G, connecting rods G*, bell-crank arms G³, rocking shaft G³, bell-
crank arms G', and strong cross bar G, which bar, acting on the upper end
or ends of the thin bar or bars F, which has or have been projected upwards.
above the punch or punches, and within reach of the cross bar G, which. bar
forces it or them to the front and through it or them, pressing at the same
time it or their corresponding punch or punches forward through the holes in
the large plate D³, and punches a corresponding hole or holes through the
card against the similarly perforated plate D, through which the piece or
pieces punched out of the card pass. After the pressure of the foot has been.

page_text: removed from the treadle it rises into the position shewn in the Drawings,
either through the action of springs or weights, which may be attached to the
connecting rods G, G; or the short ends of the treadle levers may be pro-
longed back past the joint and be counterweighted there, or by any other
convenient means. When the treadle board G³ is rising, a pin or stud g fixed
in it traverses a slot g¹ formed in the lower end of a rod g² a considerable
distance, when it touches the top of the slot and raises the rod so far that a
catch g³ formed on its upper end lays hold of a pin g' in the end of a nearly
horizontal crank arm, and carries it upwards with it so far as to cause the
rocking shaft g³ partially to rotate. On this rocking shaft other two crank
arms 98, 98, are fixed nearly vertically, and at about right angles to the crank
arm, in which the pin g' is fixed; these crank arms are set at such a distance
apart on the rocking shaft so that a rod g' fixed in their extremities will cross
over and embrace the whole of the vertical rods or bars F³, on the heads of
which the finger keys are formed. The action of the rod g' against the front of
the bar or bars F³ pushes it or them backwards until the catch or catches e
formed near the upper end or ends of it or them is or are clear of the cross
bar e', which thus sets at liberty it or them, when it or they springs or spring
up into its or their normal position or positions. When the rod g has been
raised so far as to move the bell-crank arms and rods sufficiently to release
the key bar or bars Fs from the cross catch bar e', it comes in contact with a
stationary pin h fixed in or on the inside of the main framing A, A; the upper
end of the rod 9 is curved backward considerably, so that when the curved
portion of the rod end strikes against the pin (which is in front of the rod)
the rod is forced back until its catch g³ is clear of the pin g in the end of the
horizontal crank arm, where these different parts rest in their normal positions.
When the treadle is pushed downwards with the foot to punch other holes in
the card which is in the machine the rod g³ drops down so far as to allow its
catch g³ to come sufficiently low to get under the pin in the horizontal
crank arm; when it has come as low as is necessary it is arrested in its
downward motion by a pin or stop h³, which rests on or is caught by the guide
bracket, through which the rod passes at h³, where it remains still until it is
again raised by the upward motion of the treadle and pin, as before explained.
In order to read off any pattern, I mount the pattern paper as or on an endless
web or band H, and pass this web or band over and under a number of rollers
as H', H, H³, H, H; the journals of the upper two of these rollers H¹, H³,
are supported in similar bearings i, i, i, i, which are adjustable by means of
the screws and nuts i¹, i; i, i, i, 2, are bearings for the two under rollers
H³, H', and are adjusted by the nuts and screws i³, i³, i³, 13; these bearings

page_text: are supported in bearers or headstocks I, I, I, I', which headstocks or
bearers are firmly secured between and to the projecting brackets or castings
C, C, fixed to the maiu framing A, A, on the right-hand side, and to similar
brackets or castings J, J, properly secured to the main framing A, A, on the
left-hand side. The fifth roller Hs may either be supported in similar bearings
or it may be made much heavier, so as to keep the endless band tight by
merely lying in the bight of the endless pattern web as represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexed. It will be seen that the endless pattern web is
merely placed over the two upper and the two lower rollers, and the slack
portion is then drawn down between the two upper rollers, and the fifth roller
is placed therein, so as to hang down in between the upper and lower rollers
in the slack or bight. On the shaft of the front and upper roller H' a spur
wheel J' is keyed. This spur wheel is geared into, and receives motion from
a small pinion j either fixed or cast on the boss of a ratchet wheel J²; this
ratchet wheel and pinion are mounted and revolve on a stud fixed to the face
of the front bracket J, which is firmly secured on the left hand side of the
main framing A, A; on the same stud a small lever J' is centred and mounted
and at liberty to oscillate thereon. This lever may be made in two halves; if
made so, one of them is mounted on each side of the ratchet wheel J2, the
ends of which after passing the wheel are fixed together with two studs one
in each end. On the back stud one, two, three, or more pawls or clicks J*
are mounted. These pawls are of different lengths, and of such lengths that
one of the ratchet wheel teeth is equally divided by their points. This of
course has the same effect as if the ratchet wheel teeth had been reduced to
one-half, one-third, one-fourth, or any corresponding fraction of its pitch. On
a stud or studs fixed in the bracket J a similar number of clicks or pawls J'
are mounted, so that their points will coincide with those which are mounted'
in the lever. To the front end of the lever J³ is jointed a connecting rod Jo,
the lower end of which is also jointed to a second lever K; this lever passes
through a sliding box K', which is its fulcrum, and is moveable. The opposite
end of this lever is likewise jointed to a perpendicular connecting rod K³,
which has a pin or stud fixed in its upper end at right angles to it, which pin
or stud may or may not have a small roller mounted on it; this pin, stud, or
roller takes into a groove K³ cut out of, or otherwise formed in the side of a
disc, flange, or casting K, which is secured on the shaft D'; this groove is
shewn in Figure 1 as a true eccentric. The rod K slides up and down through
suitable guides K' fixed to and projecting from one of the brackets J. When
the shaft D' and disc K' are revolved or only partially so, the eccentric groove
acts on the pin or stud in the upper end of the rod K2, and causes it to move

page_text: up or down according to the direction in which it is turned; if it is turned in
the direction so as to cause the rod K to rise, the lever K oscillates on its
sliding box fulcrum, and through the action of the opposite connecting rod J,
lever J, and clicks or pawls J', the ratchet wheel J' is caused to partially
rotate, and conveys a corresponding motion through the pinion j and spur
wheel J' and roller H¹ to the endless pattern web or band, and so brings
another horizontal row of squares of the pattern within proper range of the
pointers to be hereafter described. The fulcrum box K' is constructed so as
to be moveable and adjustable by centering or mounting it on a stud j¹, seen
in dotted lines, which stud is fixed in, or formed on, and projects from a second
sliding guide box K. This sliding guide box is mounted on a split slide bed
or bar K', which is firmly secured to the brackets J, J; this slide bar or bed
has a screw j mounted in it, similar to a lathe bed or ordinary slide rest, and
has a small hand wheel js fixed on its front end to turn it by when required.
A portion of the sliding guide box K or a stud fixed in it, presses in between
the sides of the slide or guide bed, so far as to allow the screwj* to pass through
a tapped hole formed in it. The hand wheel and sorew being turned either
way, cause the sliding guide box, and with it the moveable fulcrum K', to
move either way according to which way the wheel and screw are rotated.
This will shorten and lengthen either arm of the lever K, and adjust the
movement of the travelling endless pattern web when necessary.
In Figure 9 is shewn a slight modification of the endless pattern web moving
apparatus, which is marked by similar letters to its similar parts, the difference
in this arrangement being that the connecting rods J and K are much
shorter than those before described, and the upper end of the connecting rod Je
in this case is jointed to the back end of the lever J* by the stud or pin on
which the pawls or clicks J' are mounted. The lower end of this rod is
jointed as before to the front end of the parallel lever K; to this joint a sliding
guide j³ is attached, which guide slides between two parallel cheeks or guide
bars jo, fixed to the face of the slide bed or bar K'; J5 are the pawls mounted
on the stud fixed in the bracket J. The parallel cheeks or guide bars j³ keep
the lower end of the rod J and the front end of the lever K moving in a
straight line by means of the sliding block or guides being attached by the
pin to the ends of the lever and rod, and sliding between the parallel cheeks
or guide bars j. The sliding fulcrum box K¹ is fitted on a stud j¹ fixed or
formed on a second sliding box Ke, which is mounted on the bar or bed K',
and moved by the screw j³, hand wheel j³, and projecting portion or nut j*,
through which the screw passes, as before described. The pin, stud, or roller
attached to the top of the rod K' enters a different form of curved groove K³

page_text: in the face of the disc, flange, or casting, which is fixed on the shaft D¹. The
greater portion of this groove is a perfect circle, having its centre in the centre
of the shaft; another portion, but much smaller, is struck tangentially; this
portion is straight, and as a matter of course must get further from the centre
of the shaft according as the straight portion is made longer. It is not
necessary that the groove should be a continuous one, as the shaft is never
required to go a full round, but both ends of the groove terminate without
meeting, as shewn. The action of this groove is slightly different from that
previously described, but its effects are exactly identical. In the first described.
groove the groove was a true circle with its centre placed eccentric to the shaft,
and its effect on the rod K is to raise and lower it gradually, but with the
last-described groove its effects are such that the rod K2 is in a state
of rest when the pin, stud, or roller is passed over by the circular portion.
of the groove, but whenever the tangential portion of it comes into action,
the rod K drops suddenly and through the lever rod, lever pawls, ratchet
wheel, pinion, spur wheel, and rollers, the endless pattern web is moved
with a corresponding suddenness. In the reversing of the motion of the:
shaft D with its grooved disc, the rod K2 is also suddenly raised, when
the pawls are drawn back over the ratchet teeth for a new bite; but for
the greater portion of the revolution of the disc and groove the rod *K* with
the lever K, rod Je, lever and pawls remain motionless. L is a parallel rod,
tube, or bar mounted in bearings L' formed in the bearers or headstocks I, I.
These bearings allow the rod, tube, or bar L to move on end either way, or
to partially rotate if necessary; on this rod, tube, or bar a number of circular
clips L' are mounted, these clips have split lugs 1, 1, and a finger l formed on
them after these clips are mounted on the rod, tube, or bar L; the lugs 1, 1,
are held together by pinching screws so as to grasp the tube tightly and
keep the clips with the fingers and pointers in their proper place on
the rod or tube. Figures 10 and 11 shew enlarged views of these parts.
Figure 10 is a cross section of the tube L and roller H', and Figure 11 is a
front view of the same; L is the circular clip, l, l, are the lugs, is the finger,
is the pinching screw, and is the pointer, which is made of steel wire or
other suitable material. The pointer is passed through a hole in the finger
to a suitable distance, and held in its place by small set screws 1, 1. On the
end of the tube or bar, on the right hand side, and in the bearing L', I fit a
boss or bush, through which the end of the tube or bar L passes; this boss
or bush may be formed in the end of a lever or arm ; on the outer or front.
end of the lever a slotted segment or quadrant le is formed, having its centre
in the centre of the rod, tube, or bar L, a small feather is fixed in the inside
T:

page_text: of the boss, which takes into a suitable groove in the tube or bar L; this
groove is of such a length so as to allow sufficient room for the whole end
motion of the rod L when the machine is worked. The bar or tube L with
its clips, fingers, and pointers may be set in proper position means of the
lever or arm, and held there by means of a thumb nut on a screw which
passes through the slot in the segment or quadrant 1, the other end of the
screw or stud being fixed in one of the brackets C near the left-hand end of
the bar or tube L, a stud m with a clip m' is mounted thereon; the upper
end of this stud fits into. a hole in the sliding block m2, this block is fitted into
and slides into the slot m³; this slot is of such a length as to allow for the
whole traverse of the bar or tube L. The upper end of. the stud m passes
through the sliding block m2, and fits into a hole in the end of a horizontal
parallel lever m*. This lever passes through a moveable box fulcrum m³,
which is centred or pivotted on a projecting portion of a sliding box or block L³.
This sliding box L³ with its projecting portion and moveable box fulcrum m³,
are moved backwards and forwards on the slide bed L* by means of a screw n
and hand wheel n', similar to those before explained. The slot m³ in which
the sliding block m² moves is formed in a projecting portion n² of the slide
bed L'; this slide bed is firmly secured horizontally between the brackets J, J.
In the back end of the parallel lever m' a pin or stud n³ is fixed; this pin
takes into a screw groove formed in the periphery of a parallel block or casting
L', this block is firmly keyed on the shaft D¹. The groove of this block in
which the pin in the end of the lever m³ takes is of such a pitch as to cause
the bar, rod, or tube L with its pointers to traverse a proper distance so that
the pointers may point to the proper square or space on the endless pattern
web after the moveable fulcrum on the parallel lever m* has been adjusted.
These clips are all numbered consecutively, beginning at the left hand and
numbering towards the right; these numbers must coincide with those on
the finger keys, and with those on the platform f¹, and which numbers are
pointed at by the pointers f, which are formed on and project backwards from
each key; each of these pointers points to the same number on the platform f¹,
as is marked on the key head on which the pointer is formed. As all the
parts and different motions of the machine have been explained and described
the mode of operation or working of the machine may also be described
thus-Supposing all the parts of the machine to be properly adjusted, and an
endless pattern web placed round the rollers, as well as a blank card placed in
and held between the perforated plates, and the plates lowered to their lowest
points by the backward turning of the handle, mitre wheels, and snail or
volute cams, A horizontal row of squares on the pattern web is now

page_text: supposed to be standing exactly opposite the points of the clip pointers. In
this instance I am supposing that the number of small squares of the pattern
in each horizontal row is twelve times the number of clip pointers, and
allowing there are fifty-one pointers, of course there are six hundred and
twelve squares; then supposing that the pattern on the web is exactly fifty-one
inches wide, that will give the positions of the pointers, fingers, and clips on
the bar L, that is to say, the points of the pointers will be exactly an inch
apart; this space represents one side of twelve small squares on the horizontal
line. At every twelve squares on the horizontal line in the pattern strong
vertical lines have been drawn. These lines run from end to end of the
pattern on the endless web an inch apart, as described. The horizontal lines
on the pattern, that is, those lines which run from side to side, are supposed
likewise to include twelve horizontal rows of small squares in an inch, and at
every twelve rows of these squares a strong horizontal line is drawn. By this
it will be seen that the pattern is divided by strong lines an inch apart, both
vertically and horizontally, so that the pattern is divided into squares exactly
an inch on each side. The other finer horizontal and vertical lines again
divide these squares into twelve squares on the side, thus dividing each square
of an inch into one hundred and forty-four small squares, each one of which
represents a portion of the pattern. In this description I have described
these largest squares as being an inch square. I do this only so as to have an
even measurement to prevent confusion by fractional parts, but it will easily be
seen that instead of being an inch square they may be either half-inch, five-
eighths, three-quarters, seven-eighths, in short any fractional parts or more
than an inch on the side, and these again divided into the proper number of
small squares; but whatever the fractional part, or the whole may be, the
pointers must always be set to coincide with that distance or the size of the
sides of the main squares which are set off by the thickest or main vertical
lines. Each horizontal line of small squares represents a card with all the
necessary pattern holes which may be desired to be punched in it. When the
first left-hand pointer is set to the first small square all the other pointers
must point to the first small square on the left hand in each large square, so.
that in counting the small squares that the pointers are on, beginning at the
left hand, they will read thus:-The first pointer being in one, the second
pointer will stand on thirteen, the third on twenty-five, the fourth on thirty-
seven, and so on to the end of the row to the right-hand side, always adding
twelve for each consecutive finger. This setting of the fingers or pointers
corresponds to one row of holes in the card. When the rod L is drawn or
moved so far on end to the right by its rods or connections, so that the first

page_text: pointer on the left-hand end of the rod will now point to the second small
square in the first large one, the second pointer will point to the fourteenth,
the third to the twenty-sixth, the fourth to the thirty-eighth, and so on, always
adding twelve for each finger or pointer to the right; this represents the
second row of holes in the card. When the rod L, with its pointers, are
again moved to the right to the next set of squares, each pointer will then
stand on the third small square of each large square, and counting from the
left as before, the first pointer will point to the third, the second to the
fifteenth, the third to the twenty-seventh, the fourth to the thirty-ninth, the fifth
to the fifty-first, and so on, still adding the twelve squares for each pointer as
before; thus each move of the bar L and pointers represents a row of holes in
the card until the pointers stand on the last small squares in each large one,
which represent the last row of holes in the card. In working the machine.
those points that are exactly opposite (say, for instance,) the red colored
squares are taken notice of as well as the number on the pointer clip whose
pointer points to one of the red squares; one of the keys with the same
number on it is now pushed down with one of the fingers low enough for its
catch to come under the slight catch bar in front of and under the keys, where
it is held; this is also done with the other keys, which have a corresponding
pointer pointing to the red squares, until all those keys are depressed and their
catches held by the catch bar. By observing if all the pointers which are
formed on the key bars be pointing to the proper numbers on the platform f¹,
and the numbers on the clips L³ carrying the pointers which point to the red
squares on the pattern web correspond, if they do not then an error has been
made and must be rectified. If a wrong key has been depressed it may be
slightly pushed backwards, when the catch will be released from the catch.
bar, and the key will start up into its normal position, and the proper key
may now be depressed if another one is required. After all is correct the
treadle is depressed by the foot and by means of the rods, bell cranks, and
strong bar G on the vertical arms of the bell cranks, the perpendicular bars
which have been pushed up by the action of the keys within reach of the
strong bar G are forced forward and take with them their corresponding
punches, and thus perforate the card with the proper number of holes in their
proper places in one row. When the foot is raised from the treadle it rises,
and the pin which is fixed in it traverses the slot and raises the rod, which
strikes the ping in the arm of the crank, which causes the other two crank
arms which are fixed on the same shaft to oscillate, and by the rod 9', which is
fixed between the extreme ends of these cranks, striking the upright key bars
it forces them backwards, so that their catches clear the catch bar e' when

page_text: they spring up to their normal positions. The small treadle at the right-hand
side is now depressed by the foot, and through the connecting rod which is
attached to the bell-crank arm pulls down that arm, and with it the pawl or
click so low that the pawl or click takes hold of a fresh tooth in the ratchet
wheel; the foot is now released, and by the action of the helical spring the
treadle rises, and through the connecting rod, bell crank, and pawl, or click,
the ratchet wheel is turned round the distance of the pitch of a ratchet tooth,
which through the main shaft and mitre wheels gives a corresponding motion
to the shaft across the machine on which the snail or volute cams and block
on which the helical groove has been formed are fixed. The action of the
volute cams on the under side of the long perforated plate to which the short
perforated plate is attached raises them high enough for the punches to enter
the next lower holes in the plates, at the same time the action of the helical
groove in the block acting on the pin in the end of the parallel horizontal
lever moves the rod, tube, or bar on which the pointer finger clips are
mounted on end a sufficient distance for the pointers to point to the next
squares on the same horizontal line on the pattern web. The red squares are
again selected, and their corresponding keys depressed, and the same process
repeated. The lace and stud hole keys are also depressed at the proper time,
and the holes punched accordingly. All the time that the squares are being
selected and the cards being punched the rollers and endless pattern web are
entirely stationary, and receive no motion until the pawls or clicks are taken
out clear from the ratchet wheel, and the motion of the shafts, wheels, cams,
blocks, and disc is reversed by the bandle or winch when the rollers on which the
endless pattern web is are rotated so far that the pointers in the fingers formed
on the clips and mounted on the rod, bar, or tu'e now point to the next horizontal
row of squares on the pattern web where it now remains at rest until the punched
card has been taken out, and another blank card which has been placed in the
machine has been punched with the requisite number of pattern stud and lace
holes, when the reversing of the motion is repeated, as before described.
In Figure 3 I have shewn in dotted lines modification of the appa-
ratus for raising the perforated plates instead of the snail or volute cams.
N, N, represent screws which may revolve and screw into nuts or bosses
formed on or attached to the plates; these screws have mitre or bevil wheels
N', N', keyed on their upper ends, and are geared into by other mitre or
bevel wheels N, N³, which are keyed or otherwise secured on the horizontal
shaft N³, which may receive its motion in any suitable manner. Instead of
the screws revolving they may be stationary, and the nuts or internal screws
may be formed in the bosses of the wheels N', N', and revolve with them.

page_text: In Sheet 4 I have shewn a modification of my reading-in machine; Figure
12 is a right-hand side view, Figure 13 is a sectional elevation of the same,
and Figure 14 is a detached view of the endless pattern web and pointer-
moving apparatus. Similar letters refer to similar parts in these Figures;
also the same letters which have already been used in the foregoing description
(while describing the first machine, of which the following is a description of
the modification) are likewise used here to similar parts as far as is necessary
and practicable, without rendering any of the parts or description obscure.
In this modification I do away with a great number of parts, and those of the
more expensive ones, and thus render the machine more simple without
reducing its efficiency. For instance, I do away with those expensive por-
tions, the two perforated plates with their twelve rows of fifty-one holes each,
and substitute in their place a bar of metal with only one row of holes, and
the card holding apparatus. I also dispense with a great number of upright
bars, levers, and bell cranks for working the punches. As formerly A, A, is
the main framing; B, B, are the cross frames for keeping the framing A, A,
together; C, C, are brackets fixed to the framing A, A; Cs is a bell or other crank
mounted loosely on the shaft D¹, which shaft crosses the machine.
On a pin
in the lower arm of the bell crank C³ a slot formed in the upper end of the
connecting rod C³ takes. The lower end of this rod is jointed to the inter-
mediate treadle lever C at G, and the end of the lever C is attached by the
helical spring a to the side or main framing A, A, and on the upper arm
(of the bell crank to which the connecting rod C³ is attached) a pawl or
click a¹ is mounted on a pin, and on the same pin or stud small levers a², a³,
are likewise mounted to the upper arm, and a spring a³ is attached by one
end, the other end being attached to a pin in the main framework A. This
spring acting on the upper lever keeps the pawl or click a¹ in gear with the
teeth of the ratchet wheel C³, which is firmly secured to the shaft D¹; these
parts are more clearly seen in the detached portions, Figure 14. The pawl
a¹ and levers a³, a³, may be made in one piece. The ratchet wheel, as
formerly described, has twelve teeth, each tooth to correspond to each row of
holes to be punched in the cards. The pawl or click by giving motion to the
ratchet wheel and shaft D', on which is fixed as formerly the block in which
the helical groove is formed, and which, through its action on the pin in the
end of the parallel lever with the adjustable fulcrum, moves the rod, bar, or
tube L, on which the pointers in the fingers which are formed on the clips are
mounted, by means of its front end taking on to a stud secured by a clip on
the tube or bar L, as formerly described, but which are not shewn in the
modification, as they are easily understood by referring to the figures on

page_text: the Sheets 1, 2, and 3. The disc or flange in which the eccentric or
irregular groove is formed is also keyed as formerly on the shaft D', and
which groove by its action on the pin in the rod K, and through lever K,
rod J, lever J, pawls or clicks J', ratchet wheel Js, pinion j, and spur
wheel J secured on the end of the roller H¹. The endless pattern web
as before receives its proper intermittent motion. The roller H' revolves in its
bearings i, adjustable by means of the screws and nuts ', ; these bearings
are, as before, fitted in and supported in bearers or headstocks I; these again
being fixed to and supported by the projecting brackets C, C, firmly secured
to the main frame A, A. In this case the endless pattern web is passed under
the roller H', and passes upwards and over the rollers H, H³, and over the
top of the machine, and round a roller H. The rollers H2 and H³ revolve in
bearings formed or fitted in the cranked projecting brackets I', which are fixed
to the front of the framing A, A, set screws, which pass through slotted
holes in the flanges of the brackets. The roller H' turns in bearings fitted
and fixed or formed in the cranked brackets H', which are fixed on the top
of the framing A, A, by set screws, which likewise pass through slotted holes
in the soles of the brackets Hs, and screwed into the framing A, A. These
slotted holes allow the brackets, bearings, and rollers to be adjusted easily.
All these brackets are cranked or kneed out over the frame A, A, so that they
may take in rollers longer than the width over the framing, so as to allow a
greater width of pattern web to be placed in the machine. C is a ratchet
wheel, the exact duplicate of C, and is worked in a similar manner; C is the
connecting rod with its slotted top, and which takes on to the pin a* in the
lower arm of the bell crank a³, which is mounted loosely on the shaft on
which the ratchet wheel C³ is keyed; a is the pawl or click mounted on the
other crank arm similar to a'; a is the small lever on the same pin as the
click or pawl a, and may be formed in a piece with it, or otherwise; but still
the lever a and click aº must be formed or mounted so that they both move
together. A is the spring attached to the small lever a', and to the same
point in the frame A as the spring a³. This spring keeps the click or pawl a
in gear with the ratchet wheel C³. The connecting rod C is jointed to the
same intermediate treadle lever Cat G¹, but at a further distance from its
centre or fulcrum G, on which it oscillates. This centre or fulcrum G³ is a
strong round bar or rod, which is supported in bearings formed in 'bosses cast
on the main framing A, A. G' is a connecting rod jointed to the intermediate
lever Cat G³. The lower end of the connecting rod G' is connected at G³ to
the short end G of the treadle lever G7; G8 is the foot or treadle board, which
is acted on by the foot to punch the cards. The apparatus for that purpose

page_text: will be described hereafter. When the foot-board or treadle is depressed, the
short end G6 of the lever rises, and through the connecting rod G* raises the
long end of the intermediate lever C, which raises the connecting rods C³
and C with the slots formed in their upper ends. These slots are of unequal
lengths, as shewn, on account of and proportioned to their distances from the
centre of motion of the intermediate lever to which the rods are jointed; when
rising these slots slide over their respective pins without moving them, until
the lower ends of the slots come into contact with the pins a³, a', in the lower
arms of the bell-crank arms and as, and thus raise the bell cranks, and cause
them partially to rotate on their respective shafts, on which the ratchet wheels
C³ and C³ are keyed. The pawls or clicks a¹ and a having been raised along
with the arms of the bell cranks, high enough for a fresh bite of the ratchet
wheel, the pawls a' and a are drawn into the teeth through the action of the
springs on the small levers a² and a'. By releasing the foot from the treadle,
the action of the spring a on the end of the intermediate lever brings the whole
of the apparatus into the position shewn in the Drawings, and thus turns round
the ratchet wheels one tooth, or the twelfth part of a revolution of the ratchet
wheels and shafts on which they are fixed. When the pawls are being drawn
over the points of the ratchet teeth, the ratchet wheels are held fast in position
by catches or pawls a, a, formed on the ends of a lever D². This lever has
a bell-crank arm a¹ formed on it. To a loop or pin in this arm a spring all
is attached, the other end of this spring is attached to a pin a¹ in the main
framing A; this spring keeps the lever clicks or pawls a, a, in gear with
the ratchet wheels C³, C. On the shaft at two places on which the ratchet
wheel C³ is fixed, twelve teeth b are cut; these teeth correspond in pitch to the
pitch of the holes to be punched in the cards. These teeth work into well cut
racks b' attached to a frame b; in the hollow of this frame the uncut cards b
are placed, and held therein by a slight frame b' over its top. These frames
and cards traverse from front to back of the machine, and are drawn along
the platform by means of the teeth 6, which are cut in the shaft working
in the racks b', attached to the frame 3; c is a bar of metal, through which the
requisite number of holes in one row of the cards, as well as the stud and
lace holes are drilled or otherwise formed. This bar c, as well as the metal plat-
form b', are mounted on projections c', c', cast on the inside of the framing A, A.
The bar c is so formed that a portion of it in which the holes are drilled,
projects upwards through a slot in the platform 65 into the inside of the frame b
so far up as to come on a level with the top of the frame b, on which the
uncut cards are placed. This allows the under side of the cards to touch the
top of the bar c, in which the holes are formed. Right above the bar ca

page_text: C³
similar but much deeper bar is similarly fixed; the holes in the two bars
coincide exactly, so that when the punches d which are mounted in the top
bar c with helical springs around their middles, are acted on and pressed
down by the levers G the punches d will pass through the cards, and enter
the lower bar c, and through which the pieces of the cards which are punched
out will pass. A thin plate may be mounted between the upper bar & and
the frame for holding down the cards; this plate may be acted on by springs
or weights to draw the cards off, or rather to prevent the centres of the cards
to rise on the points of the punches when they are rising. The levers G are
centred or have their fulcrums on a strong round bar G', which has its bearings
or supports in holes in bosses, cast or otherwise formed on the framing A, A.
These levers are bent where they touch the heads of the punches d, so much
that the points of contact are in a line with the centres of the levers and their
fulcrums; they are also bent down as shewn, so that they may pass and have
free play under the rod, tube, or bar L on which the finger clips are mounted.
At or near the front ends of these levers the catches e, finger keys e², es, e, and
pointers fare formed. f' is the figured or numbered platform on, which the
numbers are cut, stamped, or otherwise marked to correspond with the numbers
on the keys, and pointer finger clips on the rod, tube, or bar L; e' are catches
formed on the bosses of small bell-crank levers, one bell crank and catch e¹ to
each key lever; one horizontal arm of each is formed with or may have a
small weight f fixed on it. These arms rest on a bar or rod e which runs
across under the arms, and in front of the machine; this rod is attached by
short arms to the bar or rod e on which the bell cranks with their catches e¹,
are strung or mounted. When any or all of the finger keys with their levers
are depressed low enough, the catch e formed on the end of each lever pushes
the catch e to the front and raises the arm and weight until the catch on the
lever is low enough, when the action of the weight få on the lever sets the
catch e back over the catch e on the key lever, and keeps it in that position.
As
soon as the proper number of keys have been depressed, the foot is
applied to the treadle board G8, and pressed down, the action of the short
ends of the treadle levers through the rods G', raises the long ends of the
intermediate levers, and depresses their shorter ends to which the connecting
rods F are jointed. The rods have slots F¹ in them near their upper ends,
through which the rocking shaft 95 passes, and over which shaft the slotted
portions work to serve as guides for the upper ends of the rods F. In the
upper extremity of the connecting rods F, holes are formed to receive, and in
which are mounted the ends of the rods e, on which the sınall bell cranks
with their catches e' are strung. When the connecting rods F are drawn

page_text: down by the treadle and levers they take with them the rod e, bell cranks
with their catches e', weights f, and the rod e³ on which the weighted arms
rest. Those key levers which have been depressed by the fingers (so as to
correspond with the pattern web) so low as to have their catches e laid hold
of by the bell crank catches e', are likewise pulled down, so that the proper
punches are forced through the card. The foot is now relieved from the
treadle, when and by the action of the helical spring on the long end of the
intermediate lever, the whole of the parts with which they are connected are
moved into the positions as represented in the Drawings. Thus the ratchet
wheel C with its connections has moved the bar L with its pointers to point
to a new set of squares on the pattern web; and the ratchet wheel with its
pinion and rack connections has also moved the frame and card a distance
equal to the pitch of the card holes nearer to the back of the machine, thus
bringing a blank portion of the card under the punches, so that it may be
punched with the proper pattern holes by the next action of the treadle. As
formerly a pin in the treadle board acts in the lower end of a slotted rod
(not shewn here) and raises it with its catch which strikes against a pin g*
in the end of a horizontal crank arm which is fixed on the rocking shaft g.
Two small crank arms are likewise fixed vertically on this rocking shaft with
their ends pointing upwards; in their ends a rod g is fixed which is of such
a length as to cross over and embrace the vertical arms F of the small bell
cranks. When the rod strikes the pin g in the arm of the horizontal crank
the rocking shaft g oscillates, and moves the short vertical arms, and causes
the rod g to push against and moves the bell crank arms F³, and brings the
catches e forward out of gear with the catches e, which are formed on the
ends of the key levers, and thus allows them with the punches to spring up,
and rest in their normal positions. If an error bas been made by depressing
a wrong key, this is rectified by lifting the front arm and weight f' of the
small bell crank, which corresponds to the key lever; thus freeing the catch
from its lever and allowing the lever to spring up out of reach of the
catch e, by the action of the spring on the middle of its punch. As before
stated the pattern web receives no motion until the card has been punched,
when this is accomplished the rod C¹ which is attached to the lower end of
the lever D, on the ends of which the pawls a, a, are formed, is
pulled by the handle cat the front of the machine, and so pulls
the pawls or catches a, a, out of gear with the ratchet wheels C and
Cs, but as the pawls or clicks a¹ and a, are still in gear with the ratchet
wheels, the handle and rod C, C¹, are pulled further to the front, and
thus bring the upper end of the lever D³ into contact with a pin in the

page_text: which the spring a' is
formed on the lever D'
end of the small lower lever A², but not that to
attached; at the same time the bell crank arm a
and to which the spring a" is attached, comes into contact with a pin in or
on the end of the small lever a7 on which the pawl or click a is formed or
fixed. This throws the pawls or clicks a¹ and a out of their respective
ratchet wheels, and allows the ratchet wheels and shafts to have their motions
reversed by means of a weight F, and chains F, F. These chains pass
from the weight F* upwards and over a pulley or pullies F', which revolves or
revolve on a stud or pin formed on the end of the strong rod, which passes
through a boss in the side of the framework of the machine, and on which
rod the back ends of the key levers have their fulcrum. These chains, after
passing over the pulley or pullies F' are separated, so far that one of them is
passed round a pulley Fs fixed on the shaft D', on which the ratchet wheel
C' is keyed; and the other is passed round a duplicate pulley F, keyed on
the shaft in which the teeth have been cut, and on which the ratchet wheel
C is fixed. The action of the weight and chains is to reverse the motion of
the shafts, and the parts connected with them, and to bring them into their
normal position, and at the same time to bring round by means of the lower
roller Hand its connections, another horizontal row of squares on the
pattern web to stand opposite the pointers. Instead of reading in the
pattern from the pattern web by cutting the relative proportion of squares
that appertain to each horizontal row of pattern holes in the card, and punch-
ing each row on the card in a horizontal direction, I sometimes mount the
pointers in such a manner as to read in consecutively from the pattern web,
and punch the pattern holes across the card so that each row of holes in this
case can only have twelve pattern holes beside the lace and stud holes, and
that there shall be fifty-one holes of the proper number in each row, and the
result will be the same as before with respect to the "tie." This I accomplish
by mounting twelve pointers that shall point to all the small squares in a hori-
zontal row on a side of the large squares. Although these small squares are
very close together, or are in a very small space, yet I command sufficient
room for the pointers to indicate them; for I mount some of the pointers and
fingers in such a manner so that they may be so cranked as to point to the
squares from the front only, or from both front and back of pattern roller. These
pointers may be mounted on two, three, four, or more levers fixed together,
instead of one bar only as shewn. The cards to be punched in this case have
to be taken through the machine in a longitudinal direction, or end on, in place
of being taken through its side on or in a transverse direction as before.
After a set of cards for the complete pattern has been punched, I now proceed

page_text: to repeat them by punching other blank cards, so that a second or more sets
may be a complete and perfect duplicate or duplicates of the first set which
has been read off and punched direct from the pattern. I lace all the cards
in a set which have been punched in their proper order together, and so form
an endless chain with them when they are placed in the machine. This
machine is represented in the Drawings on Sheets 5 and 6, where Figure 15 is a
front view, Figure 16 is a side elevation, Figure 17 is a plan, and Figure 18
is a sectional elevation of the same. Throughout the Figures similar letters
refer to similar parts. M, M, is the general side framing of the repeating
machine; M¹, M¹, is the cross framing for keeping the side framing M, M, to-
gether, and at their respective distances apart; M² is the first or driving shaft,
to which power may be applied through a belt or strap on the fast pulley M³.
M' is a loose pulley on which the belt or strap is shifted when the machine is
to be stopped; M' is a fly wheel keyed fast on the shaft M, in which a
winch handle may be fixed, and turned by hand power if desired. On the
shaft M, close up to the fly wheel, or which may be fixed on or cast on its
boss, a toothed pinion M is secured. The shaft M³ revolves in bearings in
bosses cast on the frame M, M. The pinion Me gears into a large spur wheel
M', secured on the main or cam shaft N. On the inside of the spur wheel a
cam wheel N¹ is cast, or it may be only fixed to it, or otherwise secured on
the cam shaft N. This cam wheel has its duplicate N', keyed on the oppo-
site end of the shaft N. These cam wheels are so placed that their faces or
grooved sides shall look towards the framing M, M. Between these cam
wheels and the framing, and close up to it, two eccentrics or cams N3, N³, are
keyed, one on each side of the machine. The cam shaft also revolves in
bearings formed in bosses cast on the side framing M, M. Between the
framing on the same shaft another large cam N³ is keyed so that its centre
of thrust or action will be in a direct line with the centre of the machine,
running fore and aft. On the same shaft, within the frame, a sixth cam
wheel N is fixed in a position near the framing on the right hand side.
The first mentioned pair of cams N' and N' have a simultaneous action through
pins in the ends of their respective connecting rods N', N¹. The second
mentioned cams or eccentrics N³, N2, have also a simultaneous action through
bosses or bearings, which embrace the eccentrics which are formed on the
ends of their connecting rods, N2, N2. The cams N³ and N have independent
motions of each other and of the two pairs of cams previously mentioned,
and they also act at different times, as will be hereafter described; between the
side framing M, M, three plates of metal 0, 0, 0, are fixed on edge, and at
a slight distance separate, a fourth plate 03 is supported loosely on studs in

page_text: the face of the plate O. In recésses in the face of the plate O helical springs
are inserted. These springs press the plate Os from the plate O along the
studs a certain distance, the use of which plate and springs will be shortly ex-
plained. Q is a strong plate with studs or guide rods Q', Q', fixed in it, and
pointing to the front of the machine. These plates 0, 0, 0, 0³, and Q,
have as many holes formed in them, at the proper pitch, as are ever necessary to
have punched in one or any number of the cards at the same time for six hun-
dred cords, and they must coincide exactly with each other. Another plate Q³
is mounted in front of the plate Q, and is formed with bosses and guide holes
which take on to the guide studs or rods Q¹, Q. This plate is likewise per-
forated with holes so as to coincide exactly with the holes in the other plates;
but the holes in this plate have steel wire teeth or needles Q³ fixed in them,
each tooth or needle takes into its coinciding hole in the plate Q, and the
needles are never entirely free of it. The plates Q and Q³ have sliding blocks
cast or otherwise formed on them, which fit into long slots formed in the side
frames M, M, which serve as guides and in which they slide. The ends of
these sliding blocks project through the side frames, and are formed into bear-
ings, studs, or journals, on which their respective connecting rods (N', N',
N2, N2, connecting them to the cams N', N¹, and eccentrics N2, N2, which are
fixed on the cam shaft) take, and from which cams, eccentrics, and rods they
receive motion. P, P, P, P, are the cards which have had the pattern, lace,
and stud holes punched in them in the reading-in machine. These cards are
strung or laced together so as to form a chain or band either endless or other-
wise. They may be laced together by their proper lacings and disposition as
before mentioned. If done in this manner punches may be permanently fixed
in the plate O for punching the lace and stud holes, but these last may be done
in the same manner by moveable punches as the pattern holes are to be done in
the repeating, which is about to be explained. The holes in the front sides
of the plate O are of the proper size of the holes to be punched in the cards,
but the back portions of the holes in the plate are of a large diameter, so that
where the two sizes of holes meet à shoulder is formed. Punches are made so
as to fit these holes loosely, that is, they are formed the exact counterpart of
the holes, having a portion of them reduced to a smaller diameter than the
remaining portion, and thus forming shoulders to fit up against the shoulders
of the holes in the plate O. When they are in the plate O a portion of
the parts of the punches which are of the least diameter projects through to the
front of the plate a sufficient distance so as to allow for the thickness of
the loose plate Os, and for punching the cards when they are pressed up against
them by the strong moveable plate Q, through the action of its connecting rods

page_text: and cams.
The holes in the plate O' are of such a size that the thickest parts
of the punches may fit easily therein. The plate O¹ I call the stock plate, in
which all the punches are placed when the machine is at rest and not in work.
This plate is of such a thickness that neither the small nor thick ends of the
punches shall project from its faces, but rather that both ends of the punches
shall be in from the faces of the plate a small distance. The holes in the plate
Os may only be of such a size as allow the needles R formed of wire to pass
easily through them. The front ends of these needles are mounted loosely in
holes in the front bar R¹ of a frame R2. The sides of this frame have true
guides R³, R³, formed on them, which slide in a right line fore and aft on
slides or guide bars R*, R*, cast, formed, or fixed on the insides of the side
frames M, M. The back ends of the needles are mounted (also loosely) in
the front bar O of a second frame. 01, 0³, are the sides of the frame, and o³
is the back bar of the same. On each needle close up to the front bar R¹ a
small collar or washer p is soldered, brazed, or otherwise fixed; behind this
washer on each needle a slight helical spring is mounted; the front end of this
spring abuts against the washer p, and the back end of each spring reacts against
the face of the front bar o of the second frame. This frame is mounted in the
back end of the first frame R³ after this manner :-The needles (of which there
is one for each hole that is necessary to punch in the cards) are first inserted
in the front bar R¹, so that the washers p may come up against it, the springs
are then placed on the back ends of the needles, the front bar of the second
frame is then placed on them, pressing the springs before them up against the
washers p. The points of the set screws p, p, which are screwed in the back
bar of the frame R³, are then brought to bear up against it until the frame and
springs are in proper position, when it is further secured by the short stay
bars p, ps, by means of nuts. The end of the stay p³ also helps to secure a
small bracket p* on the back bar of the frame R. In the bracket p* a stud
is fixed; on this stud or pin a small roller or bowl q (seen in dotted lines) is
mounted, this roller or bowl takes into a groove shaped or formed in the cam
wheel Ns. By the action of the cam wheel N³ against the roller or bowl on
the stud in the bracket fixed to the needle frames they with the needles receive
their necessary fore and aft motion, so as to make the needles enter (after
passing through the guide plate O2) the stock plate O¹, and push the punches
from the stock plate O¹ into plate O, where they leave them when with-
drawn. The cards P, P, P, P, which have been already read in and punched
hang down between the guide plate 02 and stock plate O', and in such a posi-
tion that the holes punched in them shall be exactly opposite the correspond-
ing holes in the guide and stock plate. These cards are dropped down into

page_text: their proper place by means of square tumblers S, St. The sides of these
tumblers correspond to the breadth of a card and space between each pair of
cards after they are strung together. The tumbler S has journals which re-
volve in bearings, which slide in vertical slots in the side frame M, and in
which they are adjusted vertically by rods r, r, having round eyes or bosses
on their lower ends, which take on to eccentrics r, r, formed on a shaft
which revolves in bearings formed in the side frames M. The tumbler S¹ is a
duplicate of the tumbler S, the journals of which revolve in bearings which are
capable of sliding on the top of the frames M, M, secured to them by proper
set screws and adjusted horizontally by capstan-headed set screws,,
which are screwed into properly tapped holes in lugs or pieces r*, r³, cast
on or otherwise fixed to the top of the frames M, M. The heads of these
screws abut against the sole ends of the sliding castings in which the bearings
are formed. S2, S3, S', are rollers which carry up the chain of cards. The
journals of these rollers revolve in bearings formed in lugs cast on the top of
the frames M, M. These rollers and front tumbler S are supposed to be re-
moved in the Plan, Figure 17, but are shewn in dotted lines. The tumblers
S, S', receive their motions from small stop pieces s, s, fixed to the upper
side of the sliding needle frame R. These pieces are adjustable, and can
likewise be fixed at any suitable distance apart. These pieces act on the lower
end of a lever T, which lever is centred and works on a stud or pin fixed in a
boss cast on the side framing at T¹. To the upper end of the lever T two rods
or bars T, T, are jointed at T. These rods or bars have catches t, t, formed
on them near their ends, both of which are similarly formed and look the same
way to the front of the machine. These catches lay hold of pins or teeth t¹, t¹,
formed on or fixed in castings, which are firmly secured to the ends of the
tumblers. There is a tooth for each side of the square. The cards take on to
studs fixed in the tumblers, one near each end, so that they are held firm and
accurate at the same time. Each backward movement of the needle frames
through the pieces 5, s, striking the lower end of the lever T, the top end of it
gives a reverse motion to the rods or bars T, To, which is to the front, and by
means of the catches t, t, which have laid hold of a tooth t', t', each in each
tumbler, they are turned round one-fourth part of a revolution, thus bringing.
another card of the chain or band to hang down between the plates. As shewn in
the Drawings this movement has just been completed. The tumblers and cards
are held steady during the backward motion of the rods and catches by means
of two rollers t, t, which are mounted on pins or studs in the ends of a long
double spring U. This spring is mounted loosely or otherwise on a pin or
stud U¹, fixed in the framing M. These rollers, by the action of the double.

page_text: spring, are held up so that the upper portions of their peripheries enter the
spaces between two of the pins or teeth t', t, and thus each roller presses on
two teeth at the same time and so prevent the tumblers from moving either
backwards or forwards until a considerable force has been applied by the
catches t, t, on the upper and back teeth t', t, of the tumblers S, S¹, sufficient to
overcome the elasticity or power of the spring U, when it gives way and the
front teeth roll over and press down the rollers (as seen by the dotted lines
t, t), until they pass over their centres, when they spring up again into the
position shewn; V is a stop plate which is formed of a sheet of steel, iron,
brass, or other hard metal. The ends of this plate slide in grooves or guides,
V1, V2, formed in castings fixed on or to the inside of the frames M, M, and to
the cross frames M¹, M¹. The plate V is jointed or binged to the upper ends
of connecting rods W, W. The lower ends of these rods are jointed to the
arm ends of levers W¹, W¹. These levers are firmly fixed on a rocking shaft
u, which oscillates or rocks in bearings formed in bosses W2 cast on bracketings
which are a part of the main framing M, M. On the same rocking shaft u, a
short lever arm X is keyed, to the outer end of which a connecting rod X' is
jointed by its lower end. This rod passes upwards through a steadying guide X'.
In the upper end of the rod a pin or stud Y is fixed, and on which, if necessary,
a small pulley or bowl may be mounted. This pin, stud, pulley, or bowl, takes
into a groove Z formed in the side of the cam wheel N. The action of this
cam through the rods and levers raises and lowers the stop plate V so as to push
it up into the space between the stock plate O' and the plate O, and withdraw it
therefrom alternately when the machine is in operation. In the face of the
plate O³, looking towards the plate Q, I mount four adjustable studs or pins v, v,
to support the blank cards in the machine. These pins are placed so as to keep
the cards in their proper positions, that is to say, two are placed a sufficient
distance apart so that there shall be one near each end for the cards to rest on.
at the desired height, and one v¹, v¹, at each end to keep them in proper
position in a longitudinal direction. When the machine is in the position
shewn in the Drawings the pins v, v, project from the front of the plate, but
immediately after or while the cards are being punched they are withdrawn
so far or pushed back by the plate Q, so that they shall not project from the
face of the plate O, when it has pushed the punched cards off the punches.
The support is thus taken from under the cards, and they fall down into a
proper receptacle or platform placed underneath to receive them.
Having now described the various parts of the machine and its various
motions, I will now describe the movements of the machine consecutively, and
as they follow each other while the machine is in operation, starting from the

page_text: position it is in, as represented in the Drawings. Supposing the ends of the
band or chain of cards laced together and made into an endless band or
otherwise, and the first card in the pattern which is to be repeated resting
exactly between the stock plate O' and the guide plate O, a blank card is
placed in the machine between the moveable plate Q and plate Os, the under
edge of the card rests on the lower adjustable pins v, v, and is kept in its
longitudinal position by the pins at its ends. The belt is now slipped from
the loose to the fast pulley which sets the machine in motion through the
pinion on the pulley shaft and spur wheel on the cam shaft N¹. The cam
wheel N³, keyed on the cam shaft N, comes first into action and moves the
frames in which the needles R are mounted to the front, the needles pass
through the holes in the guide plate, and where there are holes in the pattern
card the needles opposite these holes likewise pass through it, but where blank
portions of the cards come opposite the holes and needles the needlo points
rest thereon and their motion is arrested thereby, for although the needle
frame is still on its forward motion the helical springs which are mounted on
the needles give way and are pressed into less space, while those needles which
have come opposite the holes in the cards have still a forward motion and
enter the holes opposite them and push the punches which are in these holes
in the stock plate O¹ out of them and across the space between the stock
plate O' and into the holes in the plate O so far that they rest in them with
their shoulders up against the shoulders of the holes in the plate. The back
ends of these punches, which are of the largest diameter, are now into the plate
O so far as to be flush with the back of it. This is no sooner accomplished
than the frame and needles which have pushed out the punches by tho action
of the cam N³ are beginning to be withdrawn, and continue to be so until those
needles which have been stopped by the pattern card also begin to be with-
drawn and continue so to the full backward stroke of the cam, but long in
comparison before this is done, and just at the time that the needles which
have pushed forward the punches have been slightly drawn back clear of the
butt ends of them, the stop plate V is pushed upwards and in between the
heads of the punches and stock plate by the action of the groove Z in the cam
N', connecting rod X', lever X, rocking shaft u, levers W¹, W¹, and rods
W, W, and thus lock all the punches which have been pushed forward from the
stock plate O' into the plate O, so that all the punches which are in the plate
O cannot now be forced backwards out of the plate. When the frame R
was moving backwards through the action of the stops 8, s, lever T, rods
T, T, catches t, t, and pins or teeth t, t', the tumblers S, S', have made a
fourth part of a revolution and lowered another pattern card into the space

page_text: between the stock plate O' and guide plate O2, whenever the needles have
been sufficiently withdrawn. Whenever the punches have been locked or stopped
by the stop plate V the cams or eccentrics N, N2, then come into play, and
through their rods N, N, draw the strong perforated plate Q back to the
blank card and force it against the projecting ends of the punches, and thus
perforate and make it an exact duplicate of the pattern card. Before the plate
Qis withdrawn from the card and punches the cams N', N¹, have come into
action, and through their rods N', N', have caused the plate Q2, by means of
the rods N¹, N', to follow up the plate Q by sliding on its guide rods Q', Q';
the teeth at this time press entirely through the pressure plate Q to such a
distance so as to push back the punches out of the plate O across the space
between the plate O and the plate O¹ and into the stock plate O', where they
rest in their normal position. Whenever the punches have been pushed back,
and the plate Q³, with its needles Q³, has been removed far enough forward,
the loose plate O' is sprung forward by the helical springs at its back which
are mounted in recesses in the plate O. The pins or studs on which the
card rested have also been withdrawn from beneath it, thus allowing the card
to fall from the machine. Immediately after this takes place the pins or studs
are again projected, another card is inserted, and the whole motions and
operations repeated until the whole pattern cards have been copied off in
duplicate. As many copies as are necessary may thus be taken from the first
read off pattern cards.
v
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Duncan Mackenzie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DUNCAN
MACKENZIE, of Graham Road, Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-
year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Duncan Mackenzie, Her special licence that I, the said Duncan
Mackenzie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Duncan Mackenzie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times

page_text: thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an. Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS. FOR INDICATING, SELECTING, AND
READING IN SUCH CORDS OF DESIGNS OR PATTERNS AS. ARE. TRANSFERRED AND
PERFORATED ON CARDS, PAPERS, OR THEIR SUBSTITUTES, AND FOR RE-PRODUCING AND
REPEATING DUPLICATES OF SUCH OPERATIONS ON SUCH MATERIALS FOR JACQUARD
MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Dunean
Mackenzie, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent..
,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Duncan Mackenzie, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereto annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention first relates to and consists of improvements in machinery
and apparatus for indicating, selecting, and reading in designs or patterns for
jacquard works on a principle of arithmetical progression, and on that of
geometrical exactness for figured woven fabrics, as shawls, ribbons, silks,
laces, damasks, carpets, and other figured goods, and for perforating such
designs or patterns on cards, papers, or their substitutes in a more convenient
and much simpler and more expeditious and perfect manner than has been
performed hitherto. These very peculiar, intricate, important, and essential
operations to the jacquard I accomplish by such an arrangement and com-
bination of parts as reduce them from a state of confusion, complexity, and
uncertainty to that of simplicity, intelligibility, and certainty, so that the
intricacy and obscurity in which they have been so long involved are disen-
tangled and made perfectly plain and their production facilitated, and their
expenses lessened and their manipulations expedited, and correct results are
attained and skilled labour can be dispensed with, for any intelligent person
can perform the operations after the mode of working the machines, and the
means they possess and afford to direct the eye and guide the hand and assist
the mind are but once shown and explained. The very essence of the jacquard
depends on the reader, inasmuch as the operations of both necessarily unite
and reciprocally contribute to produce the patterns as woven in the cloth.

page_text: areas.
The reader in its operations is independent of the jacquard, but the jacquard
is not so of the reader. The reader then of necessity is an essential adjunct
to the jacquard, because it is by means of it that the patterns are not only
read in and transferred on any suitable materials, but also because it is by the
application of such materials to the loom that the patterns are formed and
produced in the fabric. The reader, therefore, is an indispensable auxiliary
to the jacquard, since it can have no effect by itself without the accompani-
ment of the operations of the reader. The patterns may be likenesses of
natural or artificial objects selected for the purpose, and may be delineated
on paper geometrically, ruled first into large equidistant longitudinal and
latitudinal lines of equal areas, and by a similar procedure subdivided again
into small squares, oblongs, or any other geometrical forms, also of equal
The patterns may be represented on such like materials in one or
more colors equal to those tints that are intended to be produced and appear in
the cloth. The quantity of squares, oblongs, or any other geometrical forms
of any one kind of colours that may be contained by any two such longitudinal
lines of the pattern, and by all its latitudinal ones intersecting them, forms a
separate card or lash, and each one of such squares, oblongs, or forms as
represent that one kind of colours requires a certain position and a corre-
sponding orifice on the card to coincide with the "tie," or, in other words,
with the arrangement of mountings adopted for the loom. And the cards as
placed together and applied to the loom are successively brought forward on
the square board that revolves in front of the jacquard, and by that board are
directly brought in contact with the points of the horizontal needles of the
machine by the action of the treadle, and the warp threads are thereby either
partly depressed or partly remain stationary during the action of the treadle
and the turn of each side of the square according as their respective positions
are affected by each card that comes in contact with the needles, for
such portions of the warp threads as have not their corresponding positions
perforated on the card with respect to the "tie" are depressed, whilst at the
same time such of them as have their relative positions perforated on the card
remain in a quiescent state and are not at all disturbed, because the mountings
of the loom which connect the warp threads and the vertical wires to the
horizontal needles of the jacquard affect the warp threads precisely in the
same proportion as the card affects their corresponding needles, and so the
pattern is woven in the cloth as the shuttle shoots through the passage
between the warp threads. I do not limit myself to designs as drawn on
paper.
. Having made these preliminary remarks, I now proceed to describe the

page_text: machines and the modes of working them. To prevent confusion and avoid
repetition the pattern will be treated hereafter under one particular form, and
that form shall be the square, but any other practical form or figure may be
substituted and made use of. To read in a pattern, I mount it on an endless
web or band and pass it over a number of rollers to keep it tight. On one of
these rollers I mount a spur or ratchet wheel, which is geared into by suitable
pinions, levers, and catches, which receive their motions from the main
working parts of the machine, so that the rollers over which the endless band
passes receive a slow and intermittent motion so as to bring the pattern into
line with a set of pointers or index fingers. The pointers are mounted on a
long horizontal bar, and are set on it from each other at a distance of, for
instance, exactly twelve squares apart, and each one of these squares repre-
sents a portion of the pattern which is to be read in. The bar with its
pointers receives a longitudinal, horizontal, intermittent motion, so as to
bring each of these pointers to point to the next square to the right until each
pointer has pointed to twelve squares in succession, which will bring each
pointer so far to the right that it will just finish its move on the square pre-
ceding that square on which each pointer to the right began. The bar and
pointers receive these horizontal motions for every single vertical motion of
the rollers and pattern, but the rollers and pattern receive motion only after
each pointer on the bar has passed over twelve squares in succession inter-
mittently, which number multiplied into the number of pointers represents
the number of pattern holes that can ever be punched in one card exclusive
of the lace and stud holes for six hundred cords. Allowing the number of
pointers on the bar to be fifty-one, and placed twelve squares apart, to corre-
spond with the pattern, this will give six hundred and twelve pattern holes.
These pointers are all numbered from left to right. There are also a complete
set of keys like pianoforte keys mounted in three rows to correspond to these
pointers, one finger key to each pointer. The number on the [keys and their
corresponding pointers must coincide. Each key is connected through a rod
and lever to a bar which rises upright or nearly so when its key is depressed.
The upper end of the bar passes the end of its corresponding punch such a
distance that its end can be caught or laid hold of by a bar mounted on two
bell-crank arms, which is made to move forward by means of the other arms
of the bell cranks, being connected by descending rods to the short arms of
treadle levers, the long ends of which are connected together at the front of
the machine by a board which is acted on by the foot of the operator. When
one or any number of the pointers points or point to any portion of the
pattern in the horizontal row of squares a key or keys corresponding to the

page_text: number or numbers on the pointer or pointers is or are depressed so low that
a small catch or catches formed in the key rod or rods lays or lay hold of a
small bar in front of the machine, and is or are kept for a time only in that
position or positions. By the key or keys being lowered the back bar or
bars has or have been raised high enough to be laid hold of by the bar on
the bell-crank arms. The treadle is then depressed by the foot and the bar
on the bell-crank arms sweeps forward and takes hold of the upper end or
ends of the rod or rods and forces it or them forward, and takes or take its
or their corresponding punch or punches forward at the same time and forces
it or them through the blank card, which has been fixed in between two
perforated plates by a hand wheel and screw, and the squares in the pattern
are thus read in and punched on the cards. A row of pattern squares at
each operation of this kind as described is read in and punched. The
plates between which the card has been held have the proper number of
holes formed in them, lace and stud holes included, which can ever be
punched in a card for six hundred cords. The proper number of punches is
mounted in suitable guides in one row, that is to say, fifty-one for pattern
holes, two for stud holes, and three for lace holes. These punches have only
a horizontal motion from back to front when in the act of punching the
cards, and from front to back when they are withdrawn from the cards
by suitable springs. The plates in which the cards are held receive a ver-
tical motion upward so as to bring the next row of holes opposite to the ends
of the punches. When the treadle has been set at liberty by taking off the
foot it springs upwards and by means of a pin in it which moves in a slotted
rod and strikes the upper end of the slot, which raises the rod at a portion of
its stroke upwards, a catch formed on the rod lays hold of a pin in a horizontal
crank arm which is mounted on a rocking shaft on which other two crank arms
are fixed vertically; a rod is mounted in the other ends of these arms. When
the shaft rocks this rod which crosses the front of the machine strikes back the
key and rod or keys and rods which has or have been depressed, and thus
allows it or them to spring up and be ready for the next operation. The plates
and card receive their upward motion from a second treadle being depressed
by the foot, and when it is relieved it is forced or drawn upwards by a strong
spring which by means of connecting rods and pawls or catches acting on a
ratchet wheel, which has a tooth for each row of holes in the plates, this
rising of the lever turns round the ratchet wheel exactly one tooth, and by
means of suitable gearing the ratchet wheel shaft turns a second shaft which
is mounted across the machine. This shaft has suitable shaped eams mounted
on it so as to raise the plates by means of their action to the proper distance.

page_text: The cam shaft has a wheel with a helical groove cut in it mounted on it, which
groove acting on a pin in the end of an adjustable lever moves the bar on end
with its pointers the exact distance that they shall point to the next squares
when the perforated plates have been raised. The proper keys may now be
depressed, and the reading in and punching process repeated until the whole
twelve rows on the card are punched, including stud and lace holes. The
gearing and shafts by means of a winch have their motions reversed, the plates
are lowered, and the bar with its pointers is also set into its first or normal
position. The rollers and pattern band have also been moved a distance
sufficient to bring the next horizontal row of squares to the pointers. This is
accomplished by a grooved cam disc mounted on the end of the cross shaft.
The action of this groove on a pin in the end of a rod which is jointed to the
end of an adjustable lever conveys motion to a second rod jointed to a second
lever, which has pawls or clicks mounted on it, and which acts on the ratchet
teeth of a wheel; which again gives out a slow motion by means of a small
pinion working into the spur wheel which is keyed on the pattern roller shaft.
The groove in the disc is of such a form that the pattern on the rollers is only
moved forward the distance of a space between the horizontal lines when the
motion is reversed. When this is done a fresh blank card may be placed in
the machine, where it is guided to its proper position by suitable pins in a slight
frame. When it is required to take out a card the front plate frame and pins
are drawn forward by the hand wheel and nut on which a split disc is mounted
helically so as to catch a pin in the frame and so release the card, when it drops
down. Instead of using plates perforated with the proper number of holes that
can ever be punched in one card for six hundred cords, I sometimes modify
the before-mentioned reading in and punching machine in such a manner that
one plate with one row of holes is sufficient, but having the same number of
punches to punch one row of holes as before when I move the card transversely,
but if I move the card in a longitudinal direction I only require twelve pattern
hole punches for each row of holes, with the requisite number of punches for
lace and stud holes. In the modification I form and mount the keys and the
levers in such a manner that they shall act direct on the heads of the punches..
The keys are mounted in three rows as before; each row behind the other, so
that the whole number are easily brought within the reach of the operator, but
I also mount them in one row if necessary. I fix the finger keys on the front.
ends of the levers, the back ends of which are mounted on a strong rod or bar.
fixed or mounted in the framing. The front ends of the keys have notches or.
catches formed on them which when they are depressed are laid hold of by
reversed but similar catches formed on small bell-crank bosses which are.

page_text: mounted on a rod in front of the machine. This rod has another rod mounted
on and parallel to it at a short distance to bear up one of the arms of the bell
cranks which rests on it. The outer ends of these arms are formed into a
small weight to keep them down on the rod; another arm of these cranks
hangs vertically downwards. The rod on which these small cranks with their
catches are mounted is connected at each end by connecting rods to the front
and short ends of intermediate levers, the long and back ends of which are
connected by rods to the short and back ends of treadle levers, the long ends
of which are to the front, and are there connected by a foot treadle. The
extreme ends of the intermediate levers are drawn down by a spring which
thus raises the front ends and with them the rods, bars, and bell-crank catches.
In this case I prefer to pass the pattern under the roller to which the fingers
point, and up the front of the machine over two rollers near the front, and
then along the top and over a fourth roller in an adjustable bearing on the
top of the frame near the back. These rollers and pattern and the pointers
on the finger bar receive their respective motions as formerly described. The
punches are mounted with springs on them in a guide plate fixed underneath
and near the middle of the levers. Under the punches to the plate having
holes to correspond to them, and on which the cards are punched. The card
is placed in a small frame which has small racks connected to it at the back.
These are drawn backward by a small pinion or teeth cut in a shaft which
has a ratchet wheel with twelve teeth mounted on it, and which has also a bell
crank mounted loosely on the same shaft. This bell crank is moved up, and by
a slotted rod which is jointed to the intermediate lever, a pawl or click on a
pin in the bell-crank arm takes into the teeth of the ratchet wheel and moves
it round a tooth at each time the lever moves up and down. A similar ratchet
wheel and apparatus are mounted on the cross shaft which gives motion to the
pattern and pointer or finger bar. In both these ratchet wheels catches
formed on the ends of a lever take. These catches prevent the wheels from
moving while the pawls or clicks are drawn over them for a fresh bite.
Springs are provided to keep these pawls and catches in gear. A rod is
connected to the lever on which the catches are formed, which when pulled
draws first the lever catches out of gear by drawing still further to the front;
the levers strike the other two clicks out of gear. The shafts are now
thoroughly released, and by means of a pulley on each shaft on which chains
are wound, and which pass over a pulley and are fastened to a weight which
draws the shafts and all their connections back to their normal positions. In
reading in as before, the proper keys being selected are then depressed by the
finger so far as that the catches on the levers are laid hold of by those catches-

page_text: which are formed on the small bell cranks, and held there until the whole of
the horizontal row of squares, which are parts of the pattern is read in, when
the foot is applied to the treadle, and through the rods and levers the rod on
which the bell-crank catches are mounted is drawn down, and with it of course
the bell-crank catches are also drawn down and taking with them those levers
which have been depressed and are laid hold of by then, so that those levers
force the punches through the card, and thus punch in it the proper holes
which correspond with the pattern. When the foot is released from the treadle
the spring on the back end of the intermediate lever draws it down, and with
it its connections, and so pulls round the ratchet wheels another tooth, which
brings a fresh portion of the card under the punches, and shifts also the
pointers on to another horizontal square of the pattern. This is repeated until
the twelve rows of holes are punched in the card, when the lever catches are
pulled out of the ratchet wheels the lever takes the pawls out of them, also
when the weight through the chains and pullies reverses the motions of the
shafts, and brings the different parts into proper position to commence reading
in and punching a fresh card. When all the cards of a pattern have been
read in and punched I lace them together in a proper manner and order, and
mount them in a machine which may either be a part of the first machine or
its modification. In this machine I place a square tumbler in adjustable
bearings on the top of each end of the machine. These tumblers have their
sides to correspond to the breadth of the cards and their lacings, and are
mounted with studs on which the stud holes of the cards take. Rollers are
also mounted on the top of the framing between the tumblers to bear up the
slack of the cards, which would otherwise hang down between them. The
cards hang perpendicular or nearly so in front of the tumbler nearest to the
front of the machine, and also over and down from the back tumbler. The
chain of cards may be made into an endless band if necessary. One of the
cards from the front tumbler hangs in front of a guide plate through which
the points of a complete set of needles mounted in a moveable frame pass, each
needle having its own guide hole. These needles are mounted in the frame in
twelve horizontal rows of pattern holes, there being fifty-one in each row,
exclusive of lace and stud ones. The holes in the card that hangs in front of
the guide plate coincide with the guide plate holes. In front of the card there
is another plate fixed with a similar number of holes. This plate is a sufficient
thickness to correspond to the length of the punches which lie at rest in it and
which I call the stock plate. At a small distance in front of this plate another
plate, which I call the centre plate, is fixed within the framework. This plate
is of such thickness that about one half of the punches shall project past the

page_text: front and through a thin plate which I call the recess plate supported on studs
in the last plate. The punches are of two diameters, the portions or point
ends which punch the cards are the smallest, and their back portions are the
thickest. The holes in the stock plate allow these portions to pass easily into
it, while the holes in the plate in its front are of two diameters so that the
punches will fit easily into them forward to shoulders where the different
diameters of holes meet. On the front of the plate on suitable guide pins the
blank cards to be punched are placed with their under edges on the guide pins
and their ends supported on ends of similar pins. Now supposing a punched
card in the chain is about to be repeated. The card in the chain must hang
down behind the thick stock plate in which all the punches for the present
rest. The sliding frame with the mounted needles is drawn forward on suitable
slides by properly shaped cams on a cam shaft by means of connecting rods.
The needles pass through the guide plate, and wherever there are holes in the
card hanging in front of it the needles pass through them and push the
corresponding punches in the stock plate over the space between the stock
plate and the plate in front of it, and right into it, so that the shoulders of the
punches shall rest against the shoulders in the holes in the plate where they are
left. The needles which come up against a blank place in the card when they were
being drawn forward are kept back by the card and cannot touch a punch in
front of them but allow them to rest in the stock plate. The needles have
helical springs mounted on them, and abut against a small washer fixed on
each and against the inside of the back part of the frame; these springs give
way and allow the frame to be drawn forward on to them until the end of its
stroke, when at the return stroke they come back with it again. It will be
seen that wherever there has been a hole in the card to be repeated, one of
the needles has entered and pushed a punch from the stock plate to the plate
in front of it. Whenever the needles have been drawn a suitable distance
back from the punches a stop plate of metal is pushed up between the two
plates by means of suitable cams, rods, and levers, and so prevents the return
of the punches or locks them in the plate. Another perforated plate, which I
denominate the die, in front of this is now drawn back on to the blank card
by means of cams and rods, and forces the card on to the points of the
punches which have been locked in the plate, and thus punch the proper holes
in it. Another plate which I term the comb, with needles fixed in it, one for
each hole in front of the last plate, and which slides on studs in it, is now
brought back so that the needles will pass back through it and push the
punches back, the stop or lock plate having in the meantime been lowered
into the stock plate. The card is thrown off from the face of the thin plate

page_text: by means of springs between it and the centre plate. The plate with the
fixed needles, the comb, and the die plate are now drawn to the front and
another blank card inserted. When the moveable needle frame was being
drawn back by means of stops fixed on it acting on the lower end of a lever
which is centred on a stud fixed in the side frame; the upper end of this lever is
jointed to rods with catches which lay hold of one of four pins or teeth in the end
of each tumbler, and so tumble another square over and drop a fresh card of the
chain in front of the moveable needles, and so the operation may be proceeded
with until all the pattern is repeated. In order to explain my Invention more
fully and minutely, reference must be had to the description of the machine
which follows this and to the accompanying Drawings. Different views of the
same machine, with some of the details, are shown in Sheets 1, 2 and 3, and a
modification of the same machine is shewn in the Drawings in Sheet 4.
Figure 1 is a view of the left-hand side; Figure 2 is a view of the right-
hand side; Figure 3 is a front elevation; Figure 4 is a plan; and Figure 5
is a sectional elevation of the same, all as shewn in Sheets 1, 2 and 3.
Throughout the Drawings similar letters refer to similar parts.
A, A, is the general framework of the machine; B, B, are cross frames
or castings for keeping the framework A, A, together and at their proper
distances apart; B' is the main driving shaft which revolves in bearings formed
in the brackets C, C, firmly screwed to the framing A, A, and on which is
screwed the handle or winch; C', C³, is a bell crank mounted loosely on the
shaft B¹; to the lower arm end of this bell crank a helical spring is attached,
the other end of the spring is fixed to the main framework A. The end of
the other arm of the bell crank is formed into a ball which, with the end of
the connecting rod C³, forms a universal joint. The lower end of the con-
necting rod is jointed to a treadle C which is worked by the foot. In the
same arm, which is a split one, to which the connecting rod C³ is joined, a.
pawl or click a¹ is mounted on a stud, which stud is loose in the arm of the
bell crank; on the side of the arm, and on the same stud on which the pawl
is fixed, a small lever a² is fixed. This thumb lever bas a prolongation formed
on it on the opposite side of the centre, and is acted on by a spring a*. This
spring acting on the thumb lever a keeps the pawl or click a¹ into the teeth.
of the ratchet wheel C, which has twelve teeth and is firmly secured on the.
main driving shaft B'. Underneath the ratchet wheel C³ another thumb
lever a is placed and centred on a pin or stud fixed in the framework; the
shortest or lightest end of this thumb lever has a catch or pawl a' formed on
it to take into the teeth of the ratchet wheel C; the other end of this lever
is weighted either by having a ball or weight formed or fixed on it, or a spring,

page_text: at either end may be substituted for the purpose of keeping the catch end of
the lever in gear with the teeth of the ratchet wheel. This lever catch
prevents the ratchet wheel and other parts from turning backwards out of
position while the bell crank and its pawl are being drawn backwards to take
into another tooth of the ratchet wheel by means of the tread of the foot on
the treadle C; when the foot or action of the foot is released from the treadle
the strong spring Co attached to the treadle lever and a stud in the framework
brings up the treadle C, connecting rod C, and bell crank C², with the pawl
and ratchet wheel C³, into the positions shewn or represented in the Drawings.
When turning the ratchet wheel backwards the thumb levers and pawls are
moved out of the ratchet wheel by the left hand, while the winch handle is
turned by the right; the pawls may then be dropped into any of the teeth
required. C is a mitre wheel fixed on the main shaft B¹, and gears into
another mitre wheel D secured on the shaft D¹, which shaft runs across the
machine and turns in bearings in the main framing A, A. On the shaft D',
two snail or volute cams D2, D3, mostly seen in dotted lines, are firmly keyed
or otherwised secured, one on each side of the machine and close up to the
main framing A, A. A strong plate D³ extends across the machine and slides
up and down in parallel slots formed in the side framing A, A; the ends of
this plate project through the slots and rest on the same corresponding points
on the peripheries of the snail or volute cams D, D'. As represented in the
Drawings they are shewn as resting on the points of the cams nearest to the
centres. When the ratchet wheel by the action of the treadle, pawls, and
springs is turned round the space of one ratchet tooth, the cams (of course
through the action of the mitre wheels C and D) turn round and lift the plate
D³ a proportionate space, which space of the plate's motion or lift is exactly
one-twelfth of the space through which it rises by the full motion or movement
of the cams. The twelfth part of this rise corresponds to the pitch of a
number of holes drilled or otherwise formed in the plate D³. In this plate
D³ there are twelve vertical and fifty-one horizontal rows, besides a number of
other holes to correspond to stud and lace ones in the cards which are to be
pierced or punched, it being designed for what is technically termed six hundred
cords. In front of plate D³ a short plate D* is mounted so as to slide on studs
fixed into plate Ds. The outer ends of these studs have a plate or bar D
mounted on them and firmly secured by nuts b, b. To the centre of the short
plate D' a bent bridle or bar b' is fixed vertically. This bridle or bar touches
the plate D* at its ends only, so that it is perfectly clear of that portion of the
plate in which the holes are formed, and so allows the portions of the cards that
are punched out to fall out of of the plate holes without hindrance. In the centre

page_text: of the bridle or bar b a boss is formed, in which is fixed the end of a screwed
stud 62; on this stud a long nut 63 is mounted, the end of which nut nearest
the front is formed smaller so that it may pass through a hole in a boss
formed on the bar D, which serves for a bearing for the nut to revolve in.
De is a hand wheel firmly secured on the front and small end of revolving
nut 63, and close up to the bar or plate Do, thus serving for a collar or shoulder
to prevent the nut passing out of the bar D' when being turned round by
means of the hand wheel D. This hand wheel, nut, stud, bridle, or bar and
short plate D' are made use of to press each card up against the long plate
D³, and to hold the card firmly between them when they are being punched
by the punches against the short plate D. The holes in both plates must
coincide exactly with each other. The holes in the long plate D³ serve
merely as a guide for the points of the punches to enter the holes in the other
correctly. Up to a shoulder on the inner or longest end of the nut, a thin
disc c of metal is mounted, and the end of the nut rivetted up behind it to
secure it in its place. This disc has a cut in it from the hem or periphery
radially as far as the largest portion of the nut, and then proceeds round its
periphery a suitable distance, or so far as to allow the cut or semi-detached
portion to be drawn out of the plane of the main portion of the disc, and this
forms an inclined plane or portion of a screw propeller which takes hold of a
pin c¹ fixed in a recess or cranked portion of a slight bar or frame c. This
frame has four steady or card guide pins ³, c, c, c, fixed in it in such
positions that one of them is at each end of the card and one near each end
but under it to keep the card in a proper position while being punched.
These pins pass through holes in the short plate D* and into corresponding
holes in the plate D, when the thin disc c has been turned far enough round
to allow the pin c in the slight frame to pass backwards into the space
between the inclined and parallel parts of the disc, where it is pushed by the
helical springs c mounted on studs or guides which are fixed at one end in
the slight frame c³. The other ends of these studs or guides pass loosely
through guide holes in the bar or plate D. The slight frame with its
steady pins c³, c, c³, c³, and studs rest there until the hand wheel and disc are
again revolved in an opposite direction, when the action of the inclined plane
or screw portion of the disc acts on the pin c' and withdraws the frame and
steady pins so far from the plate D³, and at the same time the short plate D'
is likewise withdrawn from the large plate D³ by means of the revolving of the
hand wheel and screw nut, so that the card or cards which has or have been
held by and punched between the plates will fall down on a platform placed
beneath to receive them. E is a casting or piece of framework securely fixed

page_text: between the main framing A, A. This portion is likewise shewn detached in
Figures 6 and 7, Figure 6 being a front view of the frame, and Figure 7 is a
plan of the same. The punches d are set in guide holes in a horizontal row
in the frame E. These holes are formed in the front and back portions of
the frame E'; underneath the back row a corresponding row is formed at a
suitable distance therefrom; the back ends of the punches are formed as
shewn at d¹, where they have arms projecting downwards and at right angles
to the bodies of the punches a distance corresponding to the distance between
the top and undermost row of holes, where they again turn at right angles
forward a sufficient distance parallel with the bodies of the punches. These
arms or parallel portions project through the lower row of holes sufficiently
far so as to allow their points or point ends to be acted on by a row or series
of springs d, one spring to each punch, so that each spring d³, and its corre-
sponding punch d, may act independent of the others. The lower ends of
these springs are properly secured by their being held between two bars E', E².
These bars are fixed to the lower ends of hanging brackets E³, E³, the upper
ends of which are properly fixed to the under side of the frame or casting E.
In Figures 6 and 7 the frame or casting E, E, and cross. frame or
castings B, B, in Figure 8, are represente.l shorter than what they are in
Figures 2 and 4. These allow the main or side frames A, A, to be brought
nearer together, thus contracting the width of the machine if found necessary;
F, F, is a set of thin vertical bars passing downward and through guides at d³, d',
and are jointed at their lower ends d³ to a corresponding set of levers F¹, which
levers are centered on a rod F running across the machine, and supported at
their ends by passing through holes formed in bosses cast on or otherwise
secured to the main side framing A, A; F³ is another set of thin bars similarly
jointed on the front ends of the levers F and do. These vertical bars F³ are
divided or separated from each other at their tops by having suitable guides
between them to steady them; projections or catches e are formed on these bars
near their upper ends, these catches lay hold of the cross bar e', when they
are pushed down by the fingers of the person operating with or working the
machine; e, e, e', are the heads of the keys for touching with the fingers.
It will be seen that they are set in three rows, each row being raised a step
higher as they recede from front to back. They are set in this position by
forming the heads of about two-thirds of the vertical bars F3 into cross heads,
but about one-half of them made longer to the front than the other half. About
one-third of the whole set of the bars have their keys formed directly on them,
but all of them have projections or pointers f towards the back. Each key
top has a number distinctly made or marked on it, and covered with a small

page_text: the
piece of glass to preserve it from being obliterated, and to render it con-
spicuous to the eye when reading in the pattern. Each pointer f of each
key points backwards to a similar number marked, engraved, or otherwise
formed on a platform f¹. These pointers may be made of different lengths, as
shewn in plan, so that they may be in line with the perforations of the plates,
and that more room on the platform f¹ may be got to each number at the point
of each pointer. The number of keys corresponds exactly to the number of
punches, and to the number of figure or needle holes that can ever be neces-
sary to punch in any row in a card at one time for six hundred cords, and
also for stud and lace holes. I do not confine myself to the exact number of
punches, keys, and levers as are represented and described, as that must
always vary according to different kinds of material or fabric to be woven,
and for which the cards are to be prepared, nor do I confine myself to work the
plates vertically, as that can be done horizontally with one plate and guide holes.
When a key or any number of them has or have been depressed according to
pattern, and the "tie," the catch or catches, or projections come under-
neath the cross bar e', and hold them in that position, the front end or ends
of the lever or levers F¹ having been lowered by the depression of the key or
keys, the other end or ends of the lever or levers F¹ is or are with it or
their vertical bar or bars F correspondingly raised when it or their upper end
or ends pass a sufficient distance above the punch or punches, so that they
can be laid hold of by the edge of a strong bar G firmly fixed on bell-crank
arms G¹, G¹, fixed on a cross rocking shaft G2; G3, G³, are the other arms
of the bell cranks, to the ends of which connecting rods G, G, are jointed,'
the lower ends of these rods are jointed at Go to the short ends of treadle
levers Go, which are fixed on a rocking shaft or rod which has its bearings or
centres in holes formed in bosses G', cast on or fixed to the side frames A, A;
Go is a footboard or treadle fixed on the long ends of the levers to be actuated.
by the foot. When the treadle is depressed by the foot, motion is conveyed
through the levers G, Go, connecting rods G', bell-crank arms G³, rocking.
shaft Gs, bell-crank arms G', and strong cross bar G, which bar acting on the
upper end or ends of the thin bar or bars F, which has or have been projected:
upwards above the punch or punches, and within reach of the cross bar G,
which bar forces it or them to the front, and through it or them, pressing at
the same time it or their corresponding punch or punches forward through
the holes in the large plate D³, and. punches a corresponding hole or holes
through the card against the similarly projected plate D', through which the
pieces or pieces punched out of the card pass. After the pressure of the foot
has been removed from the treadle it rises into the position shown in the

page_text: Drawings, either through the action of springs or weights, which may be
attached to the connecting rods G, G, or the short ends of treadle levers
may be prolonged back past the joint, and be centre-weighted there, or by
any other convenient means. When the treadle board GB is rising a pin or
On this rocking shaft other
stud g fixed in it traverses a slot g¹ formed in the lower end of a rod g³ a
considerable distance, when it touches the top of the slot, and raises the rod
so far that a catch g³ formed on its upper end lays hold of a pin g' in the end
of a nearly horizontal crank arm, and carries it upwards with it so far as to
cause the rocking shaft partially to rotate.
two crank arms 9, 9, are fixed nearly vertically, and about right angles to the
crank arms in which the pin g' is fixed. These crank arms are set at such
a distance apart on the rocking shaft that a rod g' fixed in their extremities
will cross over and embrace the whole of the vertical rods or bars F, on the
beads of which the finger keys are formed. The action of the rod g' against
the front of the bar or bars F³ pushes it or them backwards until the catch
or catches e formed near the upper end or ends of it or them is or are clear
of the cross bar e', which thus sets at liberty it or them when it or they springs
or spring up into its or their normal position or positions. When the rod g² has.
been raised so far as to move the bell-crank arms and rod sufficiently to
release the key bar or bars F³ from the cross catch bar e¹, it comes in contact
with a stationary pin h fixed in or on the inside of the main framing A, A.
The upper end of the rod g is curved backward considerably, so that when
the curved portion h' of the rod end strikes against the pin (which is in front
of the rod) the rod is forced back until its catch g³ is clear of the pin g' in
the end of the horizontal crank arm, where these different parts rest in their
normal positions. When the treadle is pushed downwards with the foot to
punch other holes in the card which is in the machine, the rod g² drops down
so far as to allow its catch g³ to come sufficiently low to get under the pin g
in the horizontal crank arm. When it has come as low as is necessary it is
arrested in its downward motion by a pin or stop h³, which rests on or
is caught by the guide bracket through which the rod passes at h³, where it
remains still until it is again raised by the upward motion of the treadle and
pin as before explained.
In order to read off any pattern I mount the pattern paper as or on an
endless web or band H, and pass this web or band over and under a number
of rollers as H', H², H³, H, H³. The journals of the upper two of these
rollers H1, H2, are supported in similar bearings i, i, i, i, which are adjustable
by means of the screws and nuts i, .,,,, are bearings for the two
under rollers H³, H, and are adjusted by the nuts and screws i³, 3, 23, 2³.

page_text: These bearings are supported in bearers or headstocks H', H', which head-
stocks or bearers are firmly secured between and to the projecting brackets or
castings C, C, fixed to the main framing A, A, on the right-hand side, and to
similar brackets or castings J, J, properly secured to the main framing A, A,
on the left-hand side. The fifth roller H, may either be supported in similar
bearings or it may be made much heavier, so as to keep the endless band
tight by merely lying in the bight of the endless pattern web, as represented
in the Drawings hereunto annexed. It will be seen that the endless pattern
web is merely placed over the two upper and the two lower rollers, and the
slack portion is then drawn down between the two upper rollers, and the fifth
roller is placed therein so as to hang down in between the upper and lower
rollers in the slack or bight. On the shaft of the front and under roller H¹ a
spur wheel J¹ is keyed. This spur wheel is geared into and receives motion
from a small pinion j, either fixed or cast on the boss of a ratchet wheel J*.
This ratchet wheel and pinion are mounted and revolve on a stud fixed to the
face of the front ratchet J, which is firmly secured on the left-hand side of
the main framing A, A; on the same stud a small lever Js is centred and
mounted, and at liberty to oscillate thereon. This lever may be made in two
halves; if made so, one of them is mounted on each side of the ratchet
wheel J', the ends of which, after passing the wheel, are fixed together with
two studs, one in each end. On the back stud one, two, three, or more
pawls or clicks J* are mounted. These pawls are of different lengths, and of
such lengths that one of the ratchet wheel teeth is equally divided by their
points. This of course has the same effect as if the ratchet wheel teeth
had been reduced to one-half, one-third, one-fourth, or any corresponding
fraction of its pitch. On a stud or studs fixed in the bracket J a similar
number of clicks or pawls J' are mounted, so that their points will coincide
with those which are mounted in the lever. To the front end of the lever J³
is jointed a connecting rod Jo, the lower end of which is also jointed to a
second lever K. This lever passes through a sliding box K', which is its
fulcrum and is moveable. The opposite end of this lever is likewise jointed
to a perpendicular connecting rod K³, which has a pin or stud fixed in its
upper end at right angles to it, which pin or stud may or may not have a
small roller mounted on it. This pin, stud, or roller takes into a groove K³,
cut out of or otherwise formed in the side of a disc, flange, or casting K*,
which is secured on the shaft D'. This groove is shown in Figure 1 as a
true eccentric. The rod K2 slides up and down through suitable guides Ko,
fixed to and projecting from one of the brackets J. When the shaft D¹ and
disc K are revolved, or only partially so, the eccentric groove acts on the pin
D

page_text: or stud in the upper end of the rod K2, and causes it to move up or down
according to the direction in which it is turned; if it is turned in the
direction so as to cause the rod K to rise, the lever K oscillates on its sliding
box fulcrum, and through the action of the opposite connecting rod Jo,
Jever J³, and clicks or pawls J', the ratchet wheel J is caused partially to
rotate, and conveys a corresponding motion through the pinion j and spur
wheel J¹ and roller H¹ to the endless pattern web or band, and so brings
another horizontal row of squares of the pattern within proper range of the
pointers to be hereafter described. The fulcrum box K¹ is constructed so as
to be moveable and adjustable by centring or mounting it on a stud j¹ (seen
in dotted lines), which stud is fixed in or formed on and projects from a
second sliding guide box K. This sliding guide box is mounted on a split
slide bed or bar K', which is firmly secured to the brackets J, J. This slide
bar or bed has a screw mounted in it, similar to a lathe bed or ordinary slide
rest, and has a small hand wheel fixed on its front end to turn it by when
required. A portion of the sliding guide box K, or a stud fixed in it,
passes in between the sides of the slide or guide bed so far as to allow the
screw to pass through a tapped hole formed in it. This hand wheel and
screw being turned either way cause the sliding guide box, and with it the
moveable fulcrum K', to move either way, according to which way the wheel
and screw are rotated. This will shorten and lengthen either arm of the
lever K, and adjust the movement of the travelling endless pattern web
when necessary.
In Figure 9 is shown a slight modification of the endless pattern web
moving apparatus, which is marked by similar letters to its similar parts, the
difference in this arrangement being that the connecting rods J and K² are
much shorter than those before described, and the upper end of the con-
necting rod Jo in this case is jointed to the back end of the lever J³ by the
stud or pin on which the pawls or clicks J' are mounted. The lower end of
this rod is jointed as before to the front end of the parallel, bar, K, and to
this joint a sliding guide is attached, which guide slides between two
parallel cheeks or guide bars jo, fixed to the. face of, the slide bed or bar K7;
Jo are the pawls mounted on the stud fixed in the bracket J. .The parallel
cheeks or guide bars ja keep the lower end of the rod, J and the front end of
the lever K moving in a straight line by means of the sliding block or guide ³
being attached by the pin to the ends of the lever and rod, and sliding
between the parallel cheeks or guide bars 3. The sliding fulcrum box K¹ is
fitted on a stud j', fixed or formed on a second sliding box K, which is
mounted on the bar or bed K', and moved by the screw, hand wheel ³,

page_text: and projecting portion or nut j, through which the screw passes as before
described. The pin, stud, or roller attached to the top of the rod K* enters
a different form of curved groove K³ in the face of the disc, flange, or casting
which is fixed on the shaft D¹. The greater portion of this groove is a
perfect circle, having its centre in the centre of the shaft, but another portion,
which is much smaller, is struck tangentially. This portion is straight, and
as a matter of course must get further from the centre of the shaft according
as the straight portion is made longer. It is not necessary that the groove
should be a continuous one, as the shaft is never required to go a full round,
but both ends of the groove terminate without meeting, as shown. The
action of this groove. is slightly different from that previously described, but
its effects are exactly identical. In the first-described groove the groove was a
true circle, with its centre placed eccentric to the shaft, and its effect on the
rod K² is to raise and lower it gradually, but with last-described groove its effects
are such that the rod K is in a state of rest when the pin, stud, or roller is
passed over by the circular portion of the groove, but whenever the tangential
portion of it comes into action the rod K' drops suddenly, and through the lever
rod, lever pawls, ratchet wheel, pinion, spur wheel, and rollers the endless
pattern web is moved is moved with a corresponding suddenness. In the
reversing of the motion of the shaft D¹ with its grooved disc, the rod K² is
also suddenly raised, when the pawls are drawn back over the ratchet teeth
for a new bite, but for the greater portion of the revolution of the disc and
groove the rod K', with the lever K, rod Jo, lever, and pawls remain motion-
less. L is a parallel rod, tube, or bar mounted in bearings I formed in the
bearers or headstocks I, I. These bearings allow the rod, tube, or bar L to
move on end either way, or to partially rotate if necessary. On this rod, tube,
or bar a number of circular clips L² are mounted. These clips have split lugs
1, 1, and a finger l', formed on them. After these clips are mounted on the rod,
tube, or bar L, the lugs 1, 1, are held together by pinching screws, so as to
grasp the tube tightly and keep the clips, with the fingers and pointers 1³, in
their proper place on the rod, tube, or bar L. Figures 10 and 11 show
section of the tube Land
enlarged views of these parts. Figure 10 is a cross
roller H', and Figure 11 is a front view of the same. L is the circular clip ;
1, 1, are the lugs; ¹is the finger; is the pinching screw, and 13 is the
pointer, which is made of steel wire or other suitable material. The pointer is
passed through a hole in the finger to a suitable distance, and held in its'
place by small set screws 1, 1. On the end of the rod, tube, or bar on the
right-hand side, and in bearing L', I fit a boss or bush, through which the end.
of the rod, tube, or bar L passes. This boss or bush may be formed on the
D9

page_text: This groove is of
end of a lever er arms; on the outer or front end of the lever a slotted
segment or quadrant-1 is formed, having its centre in the centre of the rod,
tube, or bar L. A small feather is fixed in the inside of the boss, which
takes into a suitable groove in the rod, tube, or bar L.
such a length as to allow sufficient room for the whole end motion of the rod
L when the machine is worked. The bar or tube L, with its clip, fingers,
and pointers may be set in proper position by means of the levers or arm 1³,
and held there by means of a thumb nut 17 on a screw, which passes through
the slot in the segment or quadrant ; the other end of the screw or nut
Near the left-hand end of the bar or
being fixed in one of the brackets C.
tube La stud m with a clip m¹ is mounted thereon; the upper end of this
stud fits into a hole in the sliding block m². This block is fitted into and
slides in the slot m³; the slot is of such a length as to allow for the whole
traverse of the bar or tube L. The upper end of the stud m passes through
the sliding block m², and fits into a hole in the end of a horizontal parallel
lever m. This lever passes through a moveable box fulcrum m³, which is
centred or pivotted on a projecting portion of a sliding box or block L³. This
sliding box L³, with its projecting portion and moveable box fulcrum m³, are
moved backwards and forwards on the slide bed L* by means of a screw n and
hand wheel n', similar to those before explained. The slot m³, in which the
sliding block m² moves, is formed in a projecting portion n² of the slide bed
L. This slide bed is firmly secured horizontally between the brackets J, J.
In the block end of the parallel lever m' a pin or stud n³ is fixed. This pin
takes into a screw groove formed in the periphery of a parallel block or
castings L. This block is firmly keyed on the shaft D¹. The groove of this
block, in which the pin in the end of the lever m³ takes, is of such a pitch as
to cause the bar, rod, or tube L, with its pointers, to traverse a proper distance,
so that the pointers may point to the proper square or space on the endless
pattern web after the moveable fulcrum on the parallel lever m¹ has been
adjusted. These clips are all numbered consecutively, beginning at the left
hand, and numbering towards the right. These numbers must coincide with
those on the finger keys and with those on the platform f', and which
numbers are pointed at by the pointers f, which are formed on and project
backwards from each key. Each of these pointers points to the same number
on the platform flas is marked on the key head on which the pointer is
formed. As all the parts and different motions of the machine have been
explained and described, the mode of operation or working of the machine
may also be described thus:-Supposing all the parts of the machine to be
properly adjusted, and an endless pattern web placed round the rollers, as well

page_text: as a blank card placed in and held between the perforated plates, and the
plates lowered to their lowest points by the backward-turning of the handle,
mitre wheels, and snail or volute cams. A horizontal row of squares on the
pattern web is now supposed to be standing directly opposite the points of the
clip pointers. I am snpposing,. in this instance, that the number of small
squares of the pattern in each horizontal row is twelve times the number of
clip pointers, and allowing there are fifty-one pointers, there are of course
six hundred and twelve squares. Supposing then that the pattern on the web
is exactly fifty-one inches wide, that will give the positions of the pointers,
fingers, and clips on the bar L, that is to say, the points of the pointers will be
exactly an inch apart, and this space represents one side of twelve small
squares on the horizontal line. At every twelve squares on the horizontal
line in the pattern strong vertical lines have been drawn. These lines run
from end to end of the pattern on the endless web an inch apart as described.
The horizontal lines on the pattern, that is to say, those lines that run from
side to side, are supposed likewise to include twelve horizontal rows of
small squares in an inch, and at every twelve rows of these squares a strong
horizontal line is also drawn. By this it will be seen that the pattern is
divided by strong lines an inch apart, both vertically and horizontally, so that
the pattern is divided into squares exactly an inch on each side. The other
finer horizontal and vertical lines again divide these squares into twelve
squares on the side, thus dividing each square of an inch into one hundred and
forty-four small squares, and each one of these may represent a portion of the
pattern. In this description I have described the largest squares as being an
inch square. I do this only in order to have an even measurement to prevent
confusion by fractional parts, but it will be easily seen that instead of being an
inch square they may be either half-inch, five-eighths, three-quarters, seven-
eighths, in short any fractional parts of an inch or more than an inch on the
side, and these again divided into the proper number of small squares;
but whatever the fractional part or the whole may be the pointers must
always be set to coincide with that distance, or the size of the side of the
main squares, which are set off by the thickest or main vertical lines. Each
horizontal line of small squares represents a card with all the necessary
pattern holes which may be required to be punched in it.
When the first
left-hand pointer is set to the first small square, all the other pointers must
point to the first small square on the left hand in each large square, so that
in counting the small squares the pointers which are at the left hand at
beginning will read thus:-The first pointer being on one, the second pointer
will stand on thirteen, the third on twenty-five, the fourth on thirty-seven, and

page_text: so on to the end of the row to the right-hand side, always adding twelve for
each consecutive finger. This setting of the fingers or pointers corresponds
to one row of holes in the card, by determining its relative proportion of the
squares of the line that belong to it with respect to the "tie" from left to
right, and vice versa. When the rod L is drawn or moved so far on end to
the right by its rod or connections so that the first pointer on the left-hand
end of the rod will now point to the second small square in the first large
one, the second pointer will point to the fourteenth, the third to the twenty-
sixth, the fourth to the thirty-eighth, and so on, always adding twelve for each
finger or pointer to the right; this represents the second row of holes in the
card. When the rod L, with its pointers, are again moved to the right to
the next set of squares, each pointer will then stand on the third small square
of each large square, and counting from left as before, the first pointer will
point to the third, the second to the fifteenth, the third to the twenty-seventh,
the fourth to the thirty-ninth, the fifth to the fifty-first, and so on, still adding
twelve squares for each pointer as before. Thus each move of the bar L and
pointers represents a row of holes in the card until the pointers stand on the
last small squares in each large one, which represent the last row of holes in
the card.
In working the machine those points that are exactly opposite, say, for
instance, the colored squares are taken notice of as well as the number on
the pointer clip whose pointer points to one of the red squares. One of the
keys with the same number on it is now pushed down with one of the fingers
low enough for its catch to come under the slight catch bar in front of and
under the keys, where it is held. This is also done with the other keys which
have corresponding pointers pointing to the red squares until all those keys
are depressed and their catches held by the catch bar. By observing if all
the pointers which are formed on the key bars be pointing to the proper
numbers on the platform f¹, and the numbers on the clips L' carrying the
pointers which point to the red squares on the pattern web correspond, and if
they do not an error has then been made and must be rectified. If a wrong
key has been depressed it may be slightly pushed backwards, when the
catch will be released from the catch bar and the key will start up into its
normal position, and the proper key may now be depressed if another one be
required. After all is correct the treadle is depressed by the foot, and by
means of the rods, bell cranks, and strong bar G on the vertical arms of the
bell cranks the perpendicular bars, which have been pushed up by the action
of the keys within reach of the strong bar G, are forced forward and take
with them their corresponding punches, and thus perforate the card with the

page_text: proper of holes in their proper places in one row. When the foot is raised
from the treadle it rises, and the pin which is fixed in it traverses the slot
and raises the rod, which strikes the pin in the arm of the crank, which
causes the other two crank arms which are fixed on the same shaft to.
oscillate, and by the rod 9', which is fixed between the extreme ends of these
eranks, striking the upright key bars it forces them backwards, so that their
catches clear the catch bar e¹, when they spring up to their normal positions..
The small treadle at the right-hand side is now depressed by the foot, and
through the connecting rod, which is attached to the bell-crank arm, pulls
down that arm, and with it the pawl or click so low that the pawl or click.
takes hold of a fresh tooth in the ratchet wheel; the foot is now released, and:
by the action of the helical spring the treadle rises, and through the con-
necting rod, bell crank, and pawl or click the ratchet wheel is turned round
the distance of the pitch of a ratchet tooth, which through the main shaft
and mitre wheels gives a corresponding motion to the shaft across the
machine on which the snail or volute cams and block on which the helical
groove has been formed are fixed. The action of the volute cams on the
under side of the long perforated plate to which the short perforated plate is
attached raises them high enough for the punches to enter the next lower
holes in the plates, at the same time the action of the helical groove in the
block acting on the pin in the end of the parallel horizontal lever, moves the
rod, tube, or bar on which the pointer's finger clips are mounted on end a
sufficient distance for the pointers to point to the next squares on the same
horizontal line on the pattern web. The red squares are again selected, and
their corresponding keys depressed, and the same process repeated. The lace
and stud hole keys are also depressed at the proper time and the holes
punched accordingly. All the time that the squares are being selected, and
the cards being punched, the rollers and endless pattern web are entirely
stationary and receive no motion until the pawls or clicks are taken out
clear from the ratchet wheel, and the motion of the shafts, wheels, cams,
blocks, and disc is reversed by the treadle or winch, when the rollers on which
the endless pattern web is are rotated so far that the pointers in the fingers
formed on the clips and mounted on the rod, bar, or tube now point to the
next horizontal row of squares on the pattern web, where it remains at rest
until the punched card has been taken out, and another blank card which has
been placed in the machine has been punched with the requisite number of
pattern stud and lace holes, when the reversing of the motion is repeated as
before.
In Figure 3 I have shown in dotted lines a modification of the apparatus

page_text: for raising the perforated plates instead of the snail or volute cams. N, N,.
represent screws, which may revolve and screw into nuts or bosses formed on
or attached to the plates. These screws have mitre or bevel wheels N', N¹,
keyed on their upper ends, and geared into by other mitre or bevel wheels
N, N2, which are keyed or otherwise secured on the horizontal shaft N³,
which may receive its motion in any suitable manner. Instead of the screws
revolving, they may be stationary, and the nuts or internal screws may be
formed in the bosses of the wheels N¹, N', and revolve with them.
In Sheet 4 I have shown a modification of my reading and punching
machine.
Figure 12 is a right-hand side view, Figure 18 is a sectional elevation
of the same, and Figure 14 is a detached view of the endless pattern
web and pointer moving apparatus. Similar letters refer to similar parts
in these Figures; also the same letters which have already been used
in the foregoing description while describing the first machine, of which
the following is a description of its modification, are likewise used here to
similar parts as far as is necessary and practicable without rendering any
of the parts or description obscure. In this modification I do away with
a great number of the more expensive parts, and render the machine more
simple without reducing its efficiency; for instance, I dispense with the two
perforated plates with their twelve rows of fifty-one holes each, and substitute
in their place a bar of metal with only one row of holes and the card-holding
apparatus. I also dispense with a great number of upright bars, levers, and
bell cranks for working the punches. As formerly, A, A, is the main framing;
B, B, are the cross frames for keeping the framing A, A, together; C, C, are
brackets fixed to the framing A, A, and C is a bell or other crank mounted
loosely on the shaft D', which shaft crosses the machine. On a pin in the lower
arm of the bell crank C² a slot formed in the upper end of the connecting rod C$
tukes. The lower end of this rod is jointed to the intermediate treadle lever C*
at Go, and the end of the lever C is attached by the helical spring a to the
side or main framing A, A, and on the upper arm of the bell crank to which
the connecting rod C³ is attached a pawl or click a¹ is mounted on a pin, and
on the same pin or stud small levers a², a³, are likewise mounted to the upper
arm, and a spring a³ is attached by one end, the other end being attached to a
pin in the main framework A, A. This spring, acting on the upper lever
keeps the pawl or click a¹ in gear with the teeth of the ratchet wheel C³,
which is firmly secured to the shaft D'. These parts are more clearly seen in
the detached portions, Figure 14. The pawl a' and levers a³, a², may be made
in one piece. The ratchet wheel, as formerly described, has twelve teeth, each

page_text: tooth to correspond to each row of holes to be punched in the card. The
pawl or click, by giving motion to the ratchet wheel and shaft D', on which is
fixed as formerly the block in which the helical groove is formed, and which,
through its action on the pin in the end of the parallel lever with the adjustable
fulcrum moves the rod, bar, or tube L on which the pointers in the fingers which
are formed on the clips are mounted, by means of its front end taking on to a
stud secured by a clip on the tube or bar L, as formerly described, but which
are not shown in the modification, as they are easily understood by referring to
the Figures on the Sheets, 1, 2, and 3. The disc. or flange in which the
eccentric or irregular groove is formed is also keyed as formerly on the shaft D¹,
which groove, by its action on the pin in the rod K, and through lever K,
rod Jo, lever Js, pawls or clicks J', ratchet wheel J, pinion j, and spur wheel J¹
secured on the end of the roller H¹, the endless pattern web, as before,
receives its proper intermittent motion. The roller H¹ revolves in its bearings i
adjustable by means of the screws and nuts i, ¹. These bearings are, as
before, fitted in and supported in bearers or headstocks I, and are again fixed
to and supported by the projecting brackets C, C, firmly secured to the main
frame A, A. In this case the endless pattern web is passed under the roller H',
and passes upwards and over the rollers H, H, and over the top of the
machine and under the roller H. The rollers H³ and H³ revolve in bearings
formed or fitted in the cranked projecting brackets I¹, which are fixed to the
framing A, A, by set screws, which pass through slotted holes in the flanges of
the brackets. The roller H* turns in bearings fitted and fixed or formed in
the cranked brackets H³, which are fixed on the top of the framing A, A, by
set screws, which likewise pass through slotted holes in the soles of the
brackets H, and secured into the framing A, A. These slotted holes allow the
brackets, bearings, and rollers to be adjusted easily. All these brackets are
cranked or kneed out over the frame A, A, so that they may take in rollers
longer than the width over the framing, so as to allow a greater width of
pattern web to be placed in the machine. C³ is a ratchet wheel the exact
duplicate of C, and is worked in a similar manner; C is the connecting rod
with its slotted top, and which takes on to the pin a' in the lower arm of the
bell crank as, which is mounted loosely on the shaft on which the ratchet
wheel C is keyed; a² is the pawl or click mounted on the other cranked arm
similar to a¹;.
a is the small lever on the same pin as the click or pawl aº,
and may be formed in a piece with it, or otherwise, but still the lever a
and click a must be formed or mounted so that they both move together;
a is the spring attached to the small lever a', and to the same point in the
frame A as the spring a³. This spring keeps the click or pawl a' in gear with

page_text: the ratchet wheel C. The connecting rod C is jointed to the same inter-
mediate treadle lever C at G¹, but at a further distance from its centre or
fulcrum G, on which it oscillates. This centre or fulcrum G' is a strong
round bar or rod, which is supported in bearings formed in bosses cast on the
main framing A, A. G' is a connecting rod jointed to the intermediate
lever Cat G. The lower end of the connecting rod C is connected at G³ to
the short end G of the treadle lever G7; G8 is the foot or treadle board, which
is acted on by the foot to punch the cards. The apparatus for that purpose
will be described hereafter. When the footboard or treadle is depressed, tho
short end G6 of the lever rises, and through the connecting rod G* raises the
long end of the intermediate lever C, which raises the connecting rod C³ and
C, with the slots formed in their upper ends. These slots are of unequal
lengths, as shown, on account of and proportioned to their distances from the
centre of motion of the intermediate lever to which the rods are jointed.
When rising these slots slide over their respective pins without moving them
until the lower ends of the slots come into contact with the pins at, a', in the
lower arms of the bell-crank arms C and a, and thus raise the bell cranks and
cause them partially to rotate on their respective shafts, on which the ratchet
wheels C³ and C8 are keyed. The pawls or clicks a¹ and a having been raised
along with the arms of the bell cranks high enough for a fresh bite of the ratchet
wheel, the pawls a' and a are drawn into the teeth through the action of the
springs on the small levers a³ and a". By releasing the foot from the treadle the
action of the spring a on the end of the intermediate lever brings the whole of
the apparatus into the position as shown in the Drawings, and thus turns
round the ratchet wheels one tooth, or the twelfth part of a revolution of the
ratchet wheels and shafts on which they are fixed. When the pawls are
being drawn over the points of the ratchet teeth the ratchet wheels are held
fast in position by catches or pawls a, a, formed on the ends of a lever D.
This lever has a bell-crank arm a formed on it. To a loop or pin in this
arm a spring a is attached; the other end of this spring is attached to a
pin a in the main framing A. This spring keeps the lever clicks or
pawls a, a, in gear with the ratchet wheels C³, C. On the shaft at two
places on which the ratchet wheel C is fixed twelve teeth 6 are cut; these
teeth correspond in pitch to the pitch of the holes to be punched in the cards.
These teeth work into well cut racks 6' attached to a frame 62, and in the
hollow of this frame the uncut cards b³ are placed, and held therein by a
slight frame b* over its top. These frames and cards traverse from front to
back of the machine, and are drawn along the platform 65 by means of the
teeth b, which are cut in the shaft working in the racks 6 attached to the

page_text: frame b. c is a bar of metal through which the requisite number of holes in
one row of the cards as well as the stud and lace holes are drilled or otherwise
formed. This bar c as well as the metal platform 65 are mounted on pro-
jections c', c', cast on the inside of the framing A, A. The bar c is so formed
that a portion of it in which the boles are drilled projects upwards through a
slot in the platform & into the inside of the frame so far up as to come on
a level with the top of the frame 6, on which the uncut cards are placed.
This allows the under side of the cards to touch the top of the bar c in which
the holes are formed. Right above the bar ca similar but much deeper
bar is similarly fixed, the holes in the two bars coincide exactly, so that
when the punches d, which are mounted in the top bar with helical springs
around their middles, are acted on and pressed down by the levers G, the
punches & will pass through the cards and enter the lower bar c, and through
which the pieces of the cards which are punched out will pass. A thin plate c
may be mounted between the upper bar and the frame for holding down the
cards. This plate may be acted on by springs or weights to draw the cards
off or rather to prevent the centres of the cards to rise on the points of the
punches when they are rising. The levers G are centred or have their
fulcrums on a strong round bar G¹, which has its bearings or supports in
holes in bosses cast or otherwise formed on the framing A, A. These levers
are bent where they touch the beads of the punches d so much that the points
of contact are in a line with the centres of the levers and their fulcrums;
they are also bent down, as shown, so that they may pass and have free play
under the rod, tube, or bar L, on which the finger clips are mounted. At or
near the front ends of these levers the catches e, finger keys e, e', et, and
pointers fare formed. f' is the figured or numbered platform on which the
numbers are cut, stamped, or otherwise marked to correspond with the
numbers on the keys and pointer finger clips on the rod, tube, or bar L.
e are catches formed on the bosses of small bell-crank levers, one bell crank
and catch e' to each key lever, and one horizontal arm of each is formed with
or may have a small weight f2 fixed on it. These arms rest on a bar or rod e³,
which runs across under the arms and in front of the machine. This rod is
attached by short arms to the bar or rod e, on which the bell cranks with
their catches e' are strung or mounted. When any or all of the finger keys
with their levers are depressed low enough the catch e, formed on the end of
each lever, pushes the catch e¹ to the front and raises the arm and weight:
until the catch on the lever is low enough, when the action of the weight f² on
the lever sets the catch e¹ back over the catch e on the key lever, and keeps it
in that position. As soon as the proper number of keys have been depressed.

page_text: the foot is applied to the treadle board G, and when pressed down the action
of the short ends of the treadle levers through the rods G' raises the long ends
of the intermediate levers, and depresses their shorter ends, to which the
connecting rods F are jointed. The rods have slots F¹ in them near their
upper ends, through which the rocking shaft 95 passes, and over which shaft
the slotted portions work to serve as guides for the upper ends of the rods F.
In the upper extremity of the connecting rods E holes are formed to receive
and in which are mounted the ends of the rod e, on which the small bell
cranks with their catches e' are strung. When the connecting rods F are
drawn down by the treadle and levers they take with them the rod es, bell
cranks with their catches e', weights f2, and the rod es, on which the weighted
arms rest. Those key levers which have been depressed by the fingers so as
to correspond with the pattern web so low as to have their catches e laid hold
of by the bell-crank catches e¹ are likewise pulled down, so that the proper
punches are forced through the card. The foot is now relieved from the
treadle, when and by the action of the helical spring on the large end of the
intermediate lever the whole of the parts with which they are connected are
moved into the positions as represented in the Drawings. Thus the ratchet
wheel C with its connections has moved the bar L with its pointers to point
to a new set of squares on the pattern web, and the ratchet wheel with its
pinion and rack connections has also moved the frame and card a distance
equal to the pitch of the card holes nearer to the back of the machine, thus
bringing a blank portion of the card under the punches, so that it may be
punched with the proper pattern holes by the next action of the treadle. As
formerly a pin in the treadle board acts in the lower end of a slotted rod, not
shown here, and raises it with its catch, which strikes against a pin g* in the
end of a horizontal crank arm, which is fixed on the rocking shaft g³. Two
small crank arms are likewise fixed vertically on this rocking shaft, with their
ends pointing upwards. In their ends a rod g' is fixed, which is of such a
length as to cross over and embrace the vertical arms F³ of the small bell
cranks. When the rod strikes the pin g in the arm of the horizontal crank,
the rocking shaft 9 oscillates and moves the short vertical arms, and causes
the rod g to push against and move the bell-crank arms F³, and brings the
catches e forward out of gear with the catches e, which are formed on the
ends of the key levers, and thus allows them with the punches to spring up,
and rest in their normal positions. If an error has been made by depressing a
wrong key, this is rectified by lifting the front arm and weight f2 of the small
bell crank which corresponds to the key lever, thus freeing the catch from its
lever, and allowing the lever to spring up out of reach of the catch a' by the

page_text: action of the spring on the middle of its punch. As before stated, the pattern
web receives no motion until the card has been punched. When this is
accomplished the rod C', which is attached to the lower end of the lever D³,
on the ends of which the pawls a, a, are formed, is pulled by the handle C¹
at the foot of the machine, and so pulls the pawls or catches a, a, out of
gear with the ratchet wheels C³ and Cs, but as the pawls or clicks a¹ and aⓇ
are still in gear with the ratchet wheels the handle and rod C', C³, are pulled
further to the front, and thus bring the upper end of the lever D² into contact
with a pin in the end of the small lower lever a³, but not that to which the
spring as is attached. At the same time the bell-crank arm a¹, formed on the
lever D, and to which the spring a" is attached, comes into contact with a
pin in or on the end of the small lever a', on which the pawl or click a® is
formed or fixed; this throws the pawls or clicks a' and a out of their respective
ratchet wheels, and allows the ratchet wheels and shafts to have their motion
reversed by means of a weight F' and chains F5, F6. These chains pass from
the weight F upwards, and a pulley or pulleys F7, which revolves or revolve
on a stud or pin formed on the end of the strong rod which passes through a
boss in the stud of the framework of the machine, and on which rod the back
ends of the key levers have their fulcrum. These chains after passing over
the pulley or pulleys F7 are separated so far that one of them is passed
round a pulley Fe fixed on the shaft D', on which the ratchet wheel C³ is
keyed, and the other is passed round a duplicate pulley F' keyed on the
shaft in which the teeth have been cut, and on which the ratchet wheel C³
is keyed. The action of the weight and chain is to reverse the motion of
the shafts and the parts connected with them, and to bring them into their
normal position, and at the same time to bring round by means of the roller H'
and its connections another horizontal row of squares on the pattern web to
stand opposite the pointers. Instead of selecting or culling the relative pro-
portion of the squares which are contained by every two horizontal lines of
the pattern and by all its vertical ones intersecting them in a longitudinal
direction for each row of holes in the pattern cards, as have been described and
explained, I sometimes mount the pointers in such a manner as to read in the
cards consecutively from the pattern web and to punch the pattern lace and
stud holes across the cards in place of perforating them longitudinally, so that
by this mode the cords of the horizontal lines of the pattern web are succes-
sively selected, whilst the pattern cards to which such cords are transferred
are perforated transversely. To accomplish this I place the key levers G on
more fulcrums than G', and I mount some of the pointers on the tube or
bar L in rows of twelve pointers on it, and the rest on other two, three, four,

page_text: or more bars, and connect or fix them to the bar L, and I crank them in such
a manner that the pointers and finger clips, which are set on such bars either
in front only or in both front and back of the pattern roller ad libitum, shall
point to the centres of the cords of the pattern web in succession. By this
peculiar but simple and efficient disposition of levers G on which the key
fingers G¹ are formed, and of the pointers and finger clips, I command ample
and sufficient space or room to distinguish and indicate the cords of the pattern
web by the clips L³ however small the cords or any geometrical forms of the
pattern web may be; and in this case, as stated, the cards are made to traverse
through the machine in a longitudinal line, but are punched in a transverse
direction, and the result of the reading in will precisely be the same as before.
After a set of cards for the complete pattern has been read in and punched
I now proceed to repeat them by punching other blank cards, so that a second
or more sets may be a complete and perfect duplicate or duplicates of the first
set which has been read off and punched direct from the pattern. I lace all
the cards in a set which have been punched in their proper order together,
and so form an endless chain with them when they are placed in the
machine.
This machine is represented in the Drawings on Sheets 5 and 6, where
Figure 15 is a front view, Figure 16 is a side elevation, Figure 17 is a plan,
and Figure 18 is a sectional elevation of the same. Throughout the Figures
similar letters refer to similar parts.
M, M, is the general side framing of the repeating machine; M', M³, is the
cross framing for keeping the side framing M, M, together and at their
respective distances apart; M2 is the first or driving shaft, to which power
may be applied through a belt or strap on the fast pulley M³; M' is a loose
pulley on which the belt or strap is shifted when the machine is to be stopped ;
M³ is a fly wheel keyed fast on the shaft M', in which a winch handle may be
fixed and turned by hand power if desired. On the shaft M², close up to the
fly wheel (or which may be fixed on or cast on its boss), a toothed pinion Me
is secured. The shaft M* revolves in bearings in bosses cast on the frame M, M.
The pinion Mo gears into a large spur wheel M' secured on the main or cam
shaft N. On the inside of the spur wheel a cam wheel N¹ is cast, or it may
be only fixed to it or otherwise secured on the cam shaft N. This cam wheel
has its duplicate N keyed on the opposite end of the shaft N. These cam
wheels are so placed that their faces or grooved sides shall look towards the
framing M, M. Between these cams wheels and the framing, and close up
to it, two eccentrics or cams N2, N2, are keyed, one on each side of the
machine. The cam shaft revolves in bearings formed in bosses cast on the

page_text: side framing M, M. Between the framing on the same shaft another large
.cam N³ is keyed, so that its centre of thrust or action will be in a direct line
with the centre of the machine running fore and aft. On the same shaft
within the frame a sixth cam wheel N is fixed in a position near the framing
on the right-hand side. The first-mentioned pair of cams N¹, N¹, have a
simultaneous action through pins in the ends of their respective connecting
rods N', N¹. The second-mentioned cams or excentrics N2, N2, have also a
simultaneous action through bosses or bearings which embrace the excentrics
which are formed on the ends of their connecting rods N2, N2. The cams N³
and N have independent motions of each other and of the two pairs of cams
previously mentioned, and they also act at different times, as will be hereafter
described. Between the side framing M, M, three plates of metal 0, 0¹, 0%,
are fixed on edge and at a slight distance separate; a fourth plate O³ is sup-
ported loosely on studs in the face of the plate O. In recess in the face of
the plate O helical springs are inserted. These springs press the plate 0³
from the plate O along the studs a certain distance, the use of which plates
and springs will be shortly explained. Qis a strong plate, with studs or guide
rods Q, Q, fixed in it, and pointing to the front of the machine. These
plates 0, 0, 0, 0%, and Q have as many holes formed in them at the proper
pitch as are ever necessary to have punched in one or any number of the cards
at the same time for six hundred cords, and they must all coincide exactly
with each other. Another plate Q³ is mounted in front of plate Q, and is
formed with bosses and guide holes, which take on to the guide studs or rods
Q, Q. This plate is likewise perforated with holes so as to coincide exactly
with the holes in the other plates, but the holes in this plate have steel wire
teeth or needles Q³ fixed in them; each tooth or needle takes into its coin-
ciding hole in the plate Q, and the needles are never entirely free of it. The
plates Q and Q have sliding blocks cast or otherwise formed on them, which
fit into long slots formed in the side frames M, M, which serve as guides,
and in which they slide. The ends of these sliding blocks project through
the side frames, and are formed into bearings, studs, or journals, on which
their respective connecting rods N', N¹, N2, N3, connecting them to the
cams N', N¹, and excentrics N2, N2, which are fixed on the cam shaft, take,
and from which cams, excentrics, and rods they receive motion.. P, P, P, P,
are the cards which have had the pattern lace and studs holes punched
in them in the reading-in machine. These cards are laced or strung
together. so as to form a chain or band, either endless or otherwise. They
may be laced together by their proper lacings and order, as before men-
tioned; if done in this manner punches may. be permanently. fixed in the

page_text: plate O for punching the lace and stud holes, but these last may be done in
the same manner by moveable punches as the pattern holes are to be done in,
the repeating of which is about to be explained. The holes in the front side
of the plate O are of the proper size of the holes to be punched in the cards,
but the back portions of the holes in the plate are of a larger diameter, so
that where the two sizes of holes meet a shoulder is formed. Punches are
made so as to fit these holes loosely, that is, they are formed the exact coun-
terpart of the holes, having a portion of them reduced to a smaller diameter
than the remaining portion, and thus forming shoulders to fit up against the
shoulders of the holes in the plate O. When they are in the plate O a portion
of the parts of the punches which are of the least diameter projects through to
the front of the plate a sufficient distance so as to allow for the thickness of
the loose plate O for punching the cards, when they are pressed up against them
by the strong moveable plate Q through the action of its connecting rods and
cams. The holes in the plate O' are of such a size that the thickest parts of
the punches may fit easily therein. The plate O' I call the stock plate, in
which all the punches are placed when the machine is at rest and not in work;
this plate is of such thickness that neither the small or thick ends of the
punches shall project from its faces, but rather that both ends of the punches
shall be in from the faces of the plate a small distance. The holes in plate O
may only be of such a size as also the needles R formed of wire to pass
easily through them; the front ends of these needles are mounted loosely in
holes in the front bar R' of a frame R³. The sides of this frame have true
guides R³, Rs, formed on them, which slide in a right line fore and aft on slides
or guide bars R*, R', cast, formed, or fixed on the insides of the side frames
M, M. The back ends of the needles are mounted loosely also in the front
bar O of a second frame; O¹, O', are the side of this frame, and O2 is the back
bar of the same. On each needle close up to the front bar R' a small collar
.or washer p is soldered, brazed, or otherwise fixed; behind this washer on
each needle a slight helical spring is mounted; the front end of this spring
abuts against the washer p, and the back end of each spring reacts against the
face of the front bar O of the second frame; this frame is mounted in the
back end of the first frame R2 after this manner:-The needles, of which
there is one for each hole that is necessary to punch in the cards, are first
inserted in the front bar R', so that the washers p may come up against it.
The springs are then placed on the back ends of the needles, and the front
bar of the second frame is also placed on them, pressing the springs before
them up against the washers p. The points of the set screws p', p', which
are screwed in the back bar of the frame R², are then brought to bear up

page_text: against it until the frame and springs are in proper position, when it is further
secured by the short stay bars p², p³, by means of nuts; the end of the stay p³
also helps to secure a small bracket p' on the back bar of the frame R³. In
the bracket pa stud is fixed; on this stud or più a small roller or bowl q,
seen in dotted lines, is mounted; this roller or bowl takes into a groove shaped
or formed in the cam wheel N³. By the action of the cam wheel N° against
the roller or bowl on the stud in the bracket fixed to the needle frames, they
with the needles receive their necessary fore and aft motion so as to make the
needles enter, after passing through the guide plate 02, the stock plate O¹, and
push the punches from the stock plate O' into the plate O, where they leave
them when withdrawn. The cards P, P, P, P, which have already been
read in and punched, hang down between the guide plate o and stock plate o',
and in such a position that the holes punched in them shall be exactly
opposite the corresponding holes in the guide and stock plate; these cards are
dropped down into their proper place by means of square tumblers 8, s. The
sides of these tumblers correspond to the breadth of a card and space between
each pair of cards after they are strung together. The tumbler S has journals
which revolve in bearings which slide in vertical slots in the side frames M,
and in which they are adjusted vertically by rods r, r, having round eyes or
bosses on their lower ends which take on to eccentrics 1, 1, formed on a
shaft, which revolves in bearings formed in the side frames M. The
tumbler s is a duplicate of the tumblers, the journals of which revolve in
bearings which are capable of sliding on the top of the frames M, M, secured
to them proper set screws, and adjusted horizontally by capstan-headed set
screws, 3, which are screwed into properly tapped holes in lugs or pieces 7*, **,
cast on or otherwise fixed to the top of the frames M, M; the heads of these
screws abut against the sole ends of sliding castings in which the bearings are
formed. 83, 83, 8, are rollers which carry up the chain of cards; the journals
of these rollers revolve in bearings formed in lugs cast on the top of the
frames M, M; these rollers and front tumblers s are supposed to be removed
in plan, Figure 17, but are shewn in dotted lines. The tumblers s, s¹, receive
their motions from small stop pieces 8, 8, fixed to the upper side of the sliding
needle frame R2; these pieces are adjustable, and can likewise be fixed
at any suitable distance apart. These pieces act in the lower end of a
lever T, which lever is centered and works on a stud or pin fixed in a boss
cast on the side framing at T. To the upper end of the lever T two
rods or bars T, Ts, are jointed at T'; these rods or bars have catches t, t,
formed on them near their ends, both of which are similarly formed, and
look the same way to the front of the machine. These catches lay hold:
E

page_text: of pins or teeth t¹, t, formed on or fixed in castings, which are firmly
secured to the ends of the tumblers. There is a tooth for each side of the
square. The cards take on to studs fixed in the tumblers, one near each
end, so that they are held firm and accurate at the same time. Each back-
ward movement of the needle frames through the pieces s, s, striking the
lower end of the lever T; the top end of it gives a reverse motion to the rods
or bars T, Ts, which are to the front, and by means of the catches t, t, which
have laid hold of a tooth t¹, t, each in each tumbler they are turned round
one-fourth part of a revolution, thus bringing another card of the chain or
band to hang down between the plates. As shewn in the Drawings this
movement has just been completed. The tumblers and cards are held steady
during the backward motion of the rods and catches by means of two rollers
ts, t, which are mounted on pins or studs in the ends of a long double spring U.
This spring is mounted loosely or otherwise on a pin or stud U¹ fixed in the
framing M. These rollers, by the action of the double spring, are held up so
that the upper portions of their peripheries enter the spaces between two of
the pins or teeth t¹, t¹, and thus each roller presses on two teeth at the same
time, and so prevent the tumblers from moving either back wards or forwards
until a considerable force has been applied by the catches t, t, on the upper
and back teeth t¹, t, of the tumblers s, s¹, sufficient to overcome the elasticity
or power of the spring U, when it gives way, and the front teeth roll over and
press down the rollers, as seen by the dotted lines to, t, until they pass over
their centres, when they spring up again into the position shewn. V is a stop
plate, which is formed of a sheet of steel, iron, brass, or other hard metal.
The ends of this plate slide in grooves or guides V₁, Vs, formed in castings
fixed on or to the inside of the frames M, M, and to the cross frames M³, M¹.
The plate V is jointed or hinged to the upper ends of connecting ends W, W.
The lower ends of these rods are jointed to the arm ends of levers W¹, W'.
These levers are firmly fixed on a rocking shaft U, which oscillates or rocks
in bearings formed in bosses W2 cast on the bracketings, which are a part of
the main framing M, M. On the same rocking shaft U a short lever arm X
is keyed, to the outer end of which a connecting rod X is jointed by its lower
end; this rod passes upwards through a steadying guide X. In the upper
end of the rod a pin or stud Y is fixed, and on which, if necessary, a small
pulley or bowl may be mounted; this pin, stud, pulley, or bowl, takes into a
groove Z formed in the side of the cam wheel N. The action of this cam
through the rods and levers raises and lowers the stop plate V so as to push it
up into the space between the stock plate O¹ and the plate O, and withdraw
it therefrom alternately when the machine is in operation. In the face of the

page_text: plate Os looking towards the plate Q, I mount four adjustable studs or pins v, t,
to support the blank cards in the machine. These pins are placed so as to
keep the cards in their proper positions, that is to say, two are placed a suffi-
cient distance apart so that there shall be one near each end for the cards to
rest on at the desired height, and one v', v, at each end to keep them in
proper position in a longitudinal direction. When the machine is in the
position shewn in the Drawings the pin v, v, project from the front of the
plate, but immediately after, or while the cards are being punched, they are
withdrawn so far or pushed back by the plate Q, so that they shall not project
from the face of the plate O when it has pushed the punched cards off the
punches. The support is thus taken from under the cards, and they fall down
into a proper receptacle or platform placed underneath to receive them.
Having now described the various parts of the machine, and its different
motions, I will now describe the movements of the machine consecutively, and
as they follow each other while the machine is in operation, starting from the
position it is in as represented in the Drawings. Supposing the ends of the
band or chain of cards laced together and made into an endless band or other-
wise, and the first card in the pattern which is to be repeated resting exactly
between the stock plate O¹ and the guide plate 02. A blank card is placed
in the machine between the moveable plate Q and plate O³, and the under
edge of the card rests on the lower adjustable pins v, v, and is kept in its
longitudinal position by the pins at its ends. The belt is now slipped from
the loose to the fast pulley, which sets the machine in motion through the
pinion on the pulley shaft and spur wheel on the cam shaft N. The cam
wheel N³ keyed on the cam shaft N comes first into action and moves the
frames in which the needles R are mounted to the front. The needles pass
through the holes in the guide plate, and where there are holes in the pattern
card the needles opposite these holes likewise pass through it, but where blank
portions of the cards come opposite the holes and needles the needle points rest
thereon, and their motion is arrested thereby. For although the needle frame
is still on its forward motion, yet the helical springs which are mounted on the
needles give way, and are pressed into less space, while those needles which'
have come opposite the holes in cards have still a forward motion, and enter
the holes opposite them and push the punches which are in these boles in the
stock plate O' out of them and across the space between the stock plate O¹
and into the holes in the plate O, so far that they rest in them with their
shoulders up against the shoulders of the holes in the plate. The back ends
of these punches, which are of the largest diameter, are now into the plate O
so far as to be flush with the back of it. This is no sooner accomplished than

page_text: the frame and needles which have pushed out the punches by the action
of the cam Ns are beginning to be withdrawn, and continue to be so until those
needles which have been stopped by the pattern card also begin to be with-
drawn, and continue to be so to the full backward stroke of the cam; but
long in comparison before this is done, and just at the time that the needles
which have pushed forward the punches have been slightly drawn back clear
of the butt ends of them, the stop plate V is pushed upwards and in between
the heads of the punches and stock plate by the action of the groove Z in the
cam N, connecting rod X¹, lever X, rocking shaft U, levers W¹, W', and rods
W, W, and thus lock all the punches which have been pushed forward from
the stock plate O¹ into the plate O, so that all the punches which are in the
plate O cannot now be forced backwards out of the plate. When the frame
R was moving backwards through the action of the stops s, s, lever T, rods
T2, T3, catches t, t, and pins or teeth t¹, t, the tumblers s, s', have made a
fourth part of a revolution and lowered another pattern card into the space
between the stock plate O¹ and guide plate 0 as soon as the needles have
been sufficiently withdrawn. Whenever the punches have been locked or
stopped by the stop plate V, the cams or eccentrics N2, N3, then come into
play, and through their rods N2, N3, draw the strong perforated plate Q back
to the blank card and force it against the projecting ends of the punches, and
thus perforate it, and make it an exact duplicate of the pattern card. Before
the plate is withdrawn from the card and punches the cams N¹, N', have
come into action, and through the rods N', N', have caused the plate Q, by
means of the rods N¹³, N¹, to follow up the plate O by sliding on its guide
rods Q', Q'; the teeth Q³ at this time pass entirely through the pressure plate Q
to such a distance so as to push back the punches out of the plate O across the
space between the plate O and the plate O', and into the stock plate O¹, where
they rest in their normal position. Whenever the punches have been pushed
back, and the plate Q with its needles Q³ has been removed far enough
forward, the loose plate Q³is sprung forward by the helical springs at its
back, which are mounted in recesses in the plate O. The pins or studs V on
which the card rested have also been withdrawn from beneath it, and allow
the card to fall from the machine. Immediately after this takes place the
pins or studs are again projected, another card is inserted, and the whole
motions and operations repeated, until all the pattern cards have been copied
off in duplicate. As many copies as are necessary may thus be taken from
the first reed off pattern cards in an inexpensive, correct, and expeditious
manner.
Having now fully described the nature of my Invention, and the manner

page_text: of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details herein laid down as they may be varied
without departing from the principle of my Invention, but what I do claim
and wish to be protected is,-
Firstly the arrangement or combination of mechanism as applied to elevate
and depress the plates and to bring them in a line with each successive row of
holes formed in them so as to be parallel to the punching ends of the
needles as herein-before described and represented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1,
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, and Figure 5, Sheet 3, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly, the peculiar mode of producing the motion that works the bridle
or bar with its connections as formed and placed in front of the short per-
forated plate to support the cards or their substitutes in a longitudinal direction
on adjustable guides and to maintain them in a vertical position, and to drop
them from the plates when punched into a receptacle, as herein-before
described and represented in Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, and Figure 5, Sheet 3,
of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly, the arrangement or combination of mechanical parts which actuate
the pattern roller and cause the horizontal lines of the pattern as placed on the
endless pattern web to be regularly brought forward and presented successively
in a line with the points or chips of the pointers of the horizontal bar, and also
the manner in which such parts are formed, adjusted, and applied to any
degree required as berein-before described and represented in Figure 1,
Sheet 1, Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, and Figure 5, Sheet 3, of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Fourthly, the mode or modes in which any key that has been depressed is
retained or released at pleasure, and in which any other number is selected in
place of it or otherwise before the pattern lace or stud holes are perforated in
the cards or their substitutes, and the mode of forming and placing the
mechanical means that are employed for the purpose, as herein-before described
and represented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, and
Figure 5, Sheet 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly, the arrangement of mechanical parts by which a longitudinal inter-
mittent motion is transmitted to the horizontal bar, and by which each move
of its intermittent longitudinal course is adapted to any graduation that may be
necessary, so that the pointer chips that may be set thereon shall point to the
centres of such cords of the endless pattern web as require to be read in for each
horizontal row of holes formed in the pattern card or its substitute, as herein-
before described and represented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, Figures 3

page_text: and 4, Sheet 2, and in Figures 5, 10, and 11, Sheet 3, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Sixthly, the arrangement and mode of supporting the bearers and of
adjusting the axes of the rollers of the endless pattern web or band, as herein-
before described and represented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, Figures 3 and 4,
Sheet 2, and Figure 5, Sheet 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventhly, the manner in which the horizontal punching needles are
constructed, mounted, and actuated by the bell-crank levers, and are made
to punch the cards or their substitutes by the treadle, as herein-before described
and represented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, and
Figure 5, Sheet 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
Eighthly, the arrangement of the key fingers in front of the machine by
which they act in a line with the perforations of the plates and with the
punching ends of the horizontal needles, as herein-before described and repre-
sented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, Figure 4, Sheet 2, and Figure 5, Sheet 3,
of the accompanying Drawings.
Ninthly, the manner of forming the design and of giving the form to the
pointers and finger chips as set on the horizontal bar which traverses imme-
diately opposite the pattern roller, and indicates by the points or chips of the
pointers such vertical and relative proportion of the cords of the pattern web
as require to be selected and read in for the "tie," as herein-before described
and represented in Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, and Figures 10 and 11, Sheet 3,
of the accompanying Drawings.
Tenthly, the simple and efficient manner in which the longitudinal bar of
metal with one row of holes formed in it, including lace and stud holes, is
made to punch the cards or their substitutes in connection with other bars
having similar rows of holes formed in them, and the manner in which the
perforated plates and other parts are thus dispensed with altogether, as herein
before described and represented in Figures 12, 13, and 14, Sheet 4,
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, and Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Eleventhly, the mode of passing the endless pattern band under the pattern
roller and of carrying it upwards and over the top of the machine on to
other rollers, and of adjusting them in their cranked projecting brackets for
obtaining greater width of patterns when required, as herein-before described
and represented in Figures 12, 13, and 14, Sheet 4, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Twelfthly, the peculiar manner in which the ratchet wheels with their
respective pawls and catches, springs, and other connections, work the cross

page_text: shafts, and bring the cards or their substitutes in a line with the punches and
actuate the arrangement for working the pattern roller and reversing. the
traverse of the horizontal bar with the pointer chips by the action of the
intermediate treadle, as herein-before described and represented in Figures 12,,
13, and 14, Sheet 4, Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, and Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the
accompanying Drawings.
Thirteenthly, the mode of producing the longitudinal travel of the cards or
their substitutes from the front to the back of the machine as they are being
moved by means of the teeth cut on the cross shaft working into racks affixed
to the frame which carries then, and the manner in which they are perforated
by the action of the treadle forcing the bent portions of the levers to act on
the heads of their respective vertical punches mounted with helical springs, as
herein-before described and represented in Figures 12, 13, and 14, Sheet 4,
of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourteenthly, the mode or method of disengaging the pawls and catches of
the ratchet wheels and allowing their motion and that of the shafts to be
reversed, as herein-before described and represented in Figures 12, 18, and
14, Sheet 4, of the accompanying Drawings.
. Fifteenthly, the mode of cranking and fixing other bars to the longitudinal
bar that travels opposite the pattern roller so that the pointers and finger
chips that are set on them shall point successively in this case and not
relatively or proportionally to the centres of the squares or any other forms of
the endless pattern web, and the mode of centering and working the levers
with the key fingers on more fulcra than one, so that their front ends coincide
with the consecutive order of the pointer chips on the bars, and the mode of,
moving the cards or their substitutes longitudinally, and of punching them
transversely as herein-before described. ..
Sixteenthly, the general arrangement of the repeater and the disposition of
the different plates and the manner of applying the wheels, pinions, eccentrics,
and cams of the machine and their connections to work the plates and to
duplicate the cards or their substitutes, as herein-before described and repre-
sented in Figures 15 and 16, Sheet 5, and Figures 17 and 18, Sheet 6, of
the accompanying Drawings.
Seventeenthly, the manner in which the recess plate moves to and fro on
pins and 'with springs in front of the centre plate and in which the lace and
stud holes work on vertical pins and are adjusted in the plate, and the manner
in which the pattern punches are formed, as herein-before described and
represented in Figures 17 and 18, Sheet 6, of the accompanying Drawing.
Eighteenthly, the mode in which the needle frame by the action of the

page_text: roller works into the groove of the cam and receives its forward and back-
ward motions, and the manner in which the stop plate works up and down
between the stock and centre plates by the action of the bowl or friction
roller that acts and rests alternately during its course in the groove formed in
the side of the cam, as herein-before described and represented in Figures
15 and 16, Sheet 5, and Figures 17 and 18, Sheet 6, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Nineteenthly, the manner in which the tumblers receive their motions and
are adjusted and revolve in their axes, the way in which the rollers receive
their motions and are adjusted and placed, and the mode in which the cards
or their substitutes are held in proper position and supported by adjustable
means while they are being punched, as herein-before described and repre-
sented in Figures 15 and 16, Sheet 5, and Figures 17 and 18, Sheet 6, of
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Duncan Mackenzie, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
GEO. F. REDfern,
4, South Street,
Finsbury,
London.
D. MACKENZIE. (L.S.)