Improvements in and connected with Pie and Tart Making Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pie and Tart Making Machines.
I, GEORGE ROBERT SANZEN-BAKER,. of 3, Leazes Terrace, in the City and
County of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to pie and tart making machines, particularly of the type
in which the raising and lidding operations are performed by a lever pivoted on
a base, and supporting at one time a plunger for raising, and at another a lidder
for lidding, the lever being operated in some machines by foot, and in others
by hand.
My improvements refer to the operating mechanism of foot machines, to the
means for taking-up wear at the pivot of the machine lever and preserving its
alignment or centricity with the pie or tart tins, to the means for preventing
the lifting of the tins during the raising operation, and to the arrangement of
the lidder.
In foot machines, the operating mechanism is generally arranged in such a
way that when the machine lever is depressed undue pressure is put upon the
table or bench supporting the machine with the result that bending or breakage
occurs. The object of my improvements in this direction is to avoid such dis-
advantage by uniting the machine lever indirectly to the foot lever instead of
directly as heretofore. To this end, to a bracket fixed to, and having a good
bearing on the table or bench (at the underside preferably) I hinge one arm of a
bent lever whose other arm is pinned to the usual rod connecting with the foot
lever, and at the junction of these two arms, or at the angle of the lever, I
attach one extremity of a rod so that the rod can slide up and down and the
lever can oscillate about the joint; the other end of the rod is passed through
the customary slot in the table and machine base and fastened to the machine
lever in a manner permitting expeditious fastening and unfastening for enabling
the machine to be readily replaced in, and displaced from, the working position.
The downward reciprocation of the rod is determined by its connection to the
machine lever, and the upward by a shoulder formed at the bottom end, or by
a nut co-acting with a screwed part thereof.
For providing for the two movements at the connection of the bent lever and
rod, a convenient way is to form the bent lever compound fashion, that is, of
two plates or members spaced apart and suitably joined together, as by the pivots
at the arms, and dispose between them at the angle a block having a hole through
which the rod projects, and provided at each side with a gudgeon or pin over
which a member or plate fits, or the member or plate may be furnished with a
pin to enter and bear in a recess in the block.
In use, when the foot lever is depressed, the bent lever turns downwards on
its hinge whereby the rod connected at its angle is drawn the same way, con-
sequently the machine lever is pulled down to raise or lid; and in this way the

page_text: pressure is distributed at the top and bottom of the table or bench, thereby
saving it from damage.
In hand machines, when the lever is depressed to raise or lid, the return is
mostly performed manually too, but in foot machines the return is generally
accomplished by an externally arranged spring applied at the back of the lever.
According to my improvements, however, I employ a spring-preferably a spiral
spring which I locate in the inside of the machine base, which is almost in-
variably hollow, and fix it thereto at one end, while the other extremity is
attached to the hinged end of the lever, said end being prolonged through the
base and hooked to receive a loop of the spring; thus the spring is extended when
the lever is depressed and so effects the required return by its re-action.
By this disposition of the spring compactness is obtained, and the lever top
may be closed, or formed after the manner of an inverted U, thereby adding
to the neatness and strength, and giving cleanliness at the hinge.
In both kinds of machines the lever is often pivoted to a lug or projection on
the base without any provision being made for taking-up wear and ensuring
the allignment of the lever, though in some makes of foot machines, for the
latter purpose the lug or projection is split longitudinally to render it adjustable
by a cotter. This plan is fairly effective for maintaining the centricity of the
lever, but it does not answer well for adjusting for wear, and another object
of my invention is to attain the dual function in a simple and effective manner.
To do this, I make the lug or projection of a 1-shape in cross section, and
through the web I make holes which are screwed to each receive two short studs
with reduced heads, one stud being inserted from one side and the other from
the opposite side of the lug. At both sides, and loosely over the stud heads, a
plate is disposed and retained in position when the lever is fitted. Consequently,
when the studs are partially withdrawn the plates are moved outwards, or towards
and against the sides of the lever, hence counteracting the wear.
Again, should
the lever not be in the correct line ensuring the plunger entering the tin centrally
and so obtain uniformity in paste thickness, this may be remedied by moving one
of the plates as explained, there, of course, always being a small amount of
slackness about the joint of the lever and the lug or projection.
In both classes of machine, when raising the pies or tarts, the tendency of the
tins is to rise or lift with the plunger to avoid which various automatic and
non-automatic devices have been devised, but their complexity or inexpediency
militate against them, hence I have directed my attention thereto with the
view of supplying a simple automatic device. Such a device consists of resilient
arms secured to, and depending from the lever to press upon the tin when the
lever is depressed, so that when the lever rises again the tin is separated by the
rebound of the arms. These arms may be variously arranged. For example,
to the underside of the lever I pivot a resilient arm to which an elastic semi-
circular or double armed lever is pivoted to partly surround the rear of the
plunger and adapted to bear upon the top edge of the tin when the lever is
lowered, the hinging described permitting the arms being moved to one side to
allow of the displacement and replacement of the plunger.
A ring or seat is fixed or formed on the base to receive the tins. When a ring
is employed, adjustability is obtained by providing it with a projection or pro-
jections to enter a hole or holes of larger size in the machine base.
In both hand and foot machines it is impossible to both raise and. lid by one
operation of the same lever, but by another part of my invention I overcome
this and therefore increase the output. To obtain this, I furnish on the lever
between the pivot and the plunger, à boss or seat into and from which the lidder
is inserted and withdrawn, the connection and disconnection being effected by
a screw or otherwise appropriately. A ring or seat is fixed or formed on the
base to receive the tins. the ring, if desired, being adapted for adjustment as
previously described. Thus, simultaneously with the raising of one pie or tart.
another is lidded, hence the operations of raising and lidding are quickly per-

page_text: formed, and the delay necessary at present for interchanging the plunger and
lidder is obviated.
Dated this 20th day of September 1899
CUALI LEIE DITULNIAITUA
Improvements in and connected with Pie and Tart Making Machines.
I, GEORGE ROBERT SANZEN-BAKER, Engineer of 3, Leazes Terrace, in the City
and County of Newcastle-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
My invention relates to pie and tart making machines, particularly of the type
in which the raising and lidding operations are performed by a lever pivoted on
a base, and supporting at one time a plunger for raising, and at another a lidder
for lidding, the lever being operated in some machines by foot, and in others
by hand.
My improvements refer to the operating mechanism of foot machines, to the
means for taking-up wear at the pivot of the machine lever and preserving its
alignment or centricity with the pie or tart tins, to the means for preventing
the lifting of the tins during the raising operation, and to the arrangement of
the lidder.
I will now fully describe the several improvements in reference to the accom-
panying drawings whereof Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a complete foot machine in
the working position on its supporting table or bench, parts being shown in section
for simplicity of illustration: Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line
A-B-CD-E in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a plan of the underside of the machine
base; Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are respectively a side elevation, a transverse section and
a plan of details: Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a modified form of foot machine;
and Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a hand machine.
Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are drawn to a larger scale than the other figures; and in
all the figures the same reference numerals designate the same parts.
Before describing the drawings specifically, for facilitating understanding
I would here remark that 1 indicates the machine lever of both forms of machine,
and 2 and the table or bench and foot lever respectively of foot machines.
In foot machines, the operating mechanism is generally arranged in such a
way that when the machine lever 1 is depressed, undue pressure is put upon the
table or bench 2 supporting the machine, with the result that bending or breakage
occurs. The object of my improvements in this direction is to avoid such dis-
advantage by uniting the machine lever 1 indirectly to the foot lever 3 instead
of directly as heretofore. To this end, to a bracket 4 fixed to, and having a good
bearing on the table or bench 2 (at the underside preferably, as shown) I hinge
at_5_one arm_6_of_a_bent lever-i, whose-other-arm-8-is-pinned-at 9 to the usual
rod 10 connecting at 11 with the foot lever 3, and at the junction of these two
arms, or at the angle of the lever 7, I attach or join one extremity of a rod 12,
so that the rod 12 can slide up and down and the lever 7 can oscillate about the
joint the other end of the rod 12 is passed through the customary slot 13 in
the table 2 and machine base 14, and fastened at 15 to the machine lever 1 in a

page_text: manner permitting expeditious fastening and unfastening for enabling the
machine to be readily replaced in, and displaced from, the working position on
the table or bench 2. As illustrated, this is conveniently effected by a pin 16
which can be easily inserted in, and withdrawn from, coincident holes in the
lever and rod 12.
The downward reciprocation of the rod 12 is determined by its connection to
the machine lever 1, and the upward by a shoulder formed at the bottom end,
or by a nut co-acting with a screwed part thereof. As I prefer the latter arrange-
ment because it permits of adjustment, I illustrate it, 17 indicating the nut,
and 18 the screwed part of the rod 12.
For providing for the two movements at the connection of the bent lever 7
and rod 12, a convenient way is to form the bent lever 7, as will be clearly seen
on reference to Fig. 2, compound fashion, that is, of two plates or members 19, 19
spaced apart and suitably joined together, as by the pivots at 5 and 9 at the
arms, and dispose between them at the angle a block 20 having a hole through
which the rod 12 projects, and provided at each side with a gudgeon or pin 21
over which a member or plate 19 fits. Or, the member or plate 19 may be
furnished with a pin to enter and bear in a recess in the block 20. Or, the
members 19, 19 may be in one, being cast together at the bosses for the pivot
pins at 5 and 9, in which event the block 20 will have no gudgeons, the necessary
connection between it and the members 19, 19 being made by a through pin.
In use, when the foot lever 3 is depressed, the bent lever turns downwards on
its hinge 5 whereby the rod 12, connected at its angle, is drawn the same way:
consequently the machine lever 1 is pulled down to raise when fitted with a
plunger 22, or to lid when fitted with a lidder and in this way the pressure is:
distributed at the top and bottom of the table or bench 2, thereby saving it from
damage.
In hand machines, when the lever 1 is depressed to raise or lid, the return
is mostly performed manually too, but in foot machines the return is generally
accomplished by an externally arranged spring applied at the back of the lever. :
According to my improvements, however, I employ a spring 23-preferably a
spiral spring as shown-which I locate in the inside of the machine base 14,
which is almost invariably hollow, and fix it thereto at one end at 24, while the
other extremity is attached to the hinged end 25 of the lever 1, said end being
prolonged through the base 14 past its pivot 26 and hooked at 27 to receive a loop 3
of the spring 23 or, as shown, an end of a link 28 connecting with the spring 23;
thus the spring 23 is extended when the lever 1 is depressed and so effects the
required return by its reaction.
By this disposition of the spring 23, compactness is obtained, and the lever
top at the forked end may be closed or formed after the manner of an inverted U, 4
as will be seen on referring to Fig. 2, thereby adding to the neatness and strength
and giving cleanliness at the hinge 26.
In both kinds of machines, the lever 1 is often pivoted to a lug or projection 29
on the base 14 without any provision being made for taking-up wear and ensuring
the alignment of the lever 1, though in some makes of foot machines, for the
latter purpose the lug or projection is split longitudinally to render it adjustable
by a cotter. This plan is fairly effective for maintaining the centricity of the
lever, but it does not answer well for adjusting for wear, and another object
of my invention is to attain the dual function in a simple and effective manner.
To do this, as will be best understood from Figs. 4 and 5, I make the lug or 5
projection 29 of a L-shape in cross section, and through the web I make holes
which are screwed to each receive two short studs 30, 30 with reduced heads 31, 31,
one stud being inserted from one side, and the other from the opposite side, of
the lug 29. At both sides, and loosely over the stud heads 31, 31, a plate 32
is disposed, and retained in position when the lever 1 is fitted. Consequently, 5
when the studs 30, 30 are partially withdrawn, the plates 32, 32 are moved
outwards, or towards and against the sides of the lever 1, hence counteracting the

page_text: wear. Again, should the lever 1 not be in the correct line ensuring the
plunger 22 entering the tin centrally, and so obtain uniformity in paste thick-
ness, this may be remedied by moving one of the plates 32 as explained, there,
of course, always being a small amount of slackness about the joint of the lever
and the lug or projection.
In both classes of machine, when raising the pies or tarts, the tendency of the
tins is to rise or lift with the plunger 22, to avoid which various automatic and
non-automatic devices have been devised, but their complexity or inexpediency
militate against them, hence I have directed my attention thereto with the view
of supplying a simple automatic device. Such a device consists of resilient arms
secured to, and depending from, the lever 1 to press upon the tin when the lever.
is depressed, so that when the lever 1 rises again, the tin is separated by the
rebound of the arms. These arms may be variously arranged. For example,
as illustrated, to the underside of the lever 1, I pivot at 33 a resilient arm 34
to which an elastic semi-circular or double armed lever 35 is pivoted at 36 to
partly surround the rear of the plunger 22 and adapted to bear upon the top
edge of the tin when the lever 1 is lowered, the hinging described permitting the
arms being moved to one side to allow of the displacement and replacement of
the plunger 22. Fig. 6 shows this resilient device detached from the machine
lever.
A ring or seat 37 is fixed or formed on the base 14 to receive the tins. When
a ring is employed, adjustability is obtained by providing it with a projection or
projections to enter a hole or holes of larger size in the machine base. Two
screwed projections or pins 38, 38 are represented, each of which passes through
a slotted hole in the machine base 14 and receives a nut 39 for securing the ring
in position.
In both hand and foot machines of the type herein referred to, it is impossible
to both raise and lid by one operation of the same lever, but by another part
of my invention I overcome this and therefore increase the output. To obtain
this, as represented in Figs. 7 and 8, I furnish on the lever 1, between the
pivot 26 and the plunger 22, as in Fig. 7, or at the side of the plunger remote
from the pivot 26, as in Fig. 8, a boss or seat 40 into and from which the lidder 41
is inserted and withdrawn, the connection and disconnection being effected by
a screw 42 or otherwise appropriately in the same way as the plunger. A ring
or seat 43 is fixed or formed on the base 14 to receive the tins, the ring 43,
if desired, being adapted for adjustment as previously described. Thus, simul-
taneously with the raising of one pie or tart, another is lidded, hence the opera-
tions of raising and lidding are quickly performed, and the delay necessary at
present for interchanging the plunger and lidder is obviated.
In all other respects the arrangement shown in Fig. 7 is the same as that
described in regard to Figs. 1-fi.
In Fig. 8 a simple form of hand machine is shown, the lever 1 being pivoted
and guided in the well known way, and, for the sake of cheapness, no adjusting
means being employed at the pivot 26, though they may, of course, be
provided.
The plunger 22 and lidder 41 are of the usual kind, and the former is heated
in any convenient manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what, manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In a pie and tart making machine, foot mechanism for operating the machine
lever, substantially as described.
2. In a pie and tart making machine, foot mechanism for operating the machine
lever comprising a bent lever hinged at one arm to the supporting bench or table
and connecting at the other arm with a foot lever, and a rod attached at one end
to the bent lever at the angle so that it can slide up and down and the lever can

page_text: oscillate, and fastened to the machine lever at the other end, substantially as
described.
3. In a pie and tart making machine, the combination with the machine
lever, of a spring located within the machine base and connected at the opposite
ends to the said base and lever, as and for the purposes described and shown in
the accompanying drawings.
4. In a pie and tart making machine, means for taking-up wear at the pivot
of the machine lever and preserving its alignment or centricity with the pie or
tart tins, substantially as described.
5. In a pie and tart making machine, means for taking-up wear at the pivot
of the machine lever and preserving its alignment or centricity with the pie or
tart tins comprising a lug or projection, short studs with reduced heads inserted
in screwed holes in the lug or projection from each side, and plates fitted loosely
over the stud heads, substantially as described.
6. In a pie and tart making machine, a resilient device for automatically pre-
venting the lifting of the tins during the raising operation, substantially as
described.
7. In a pie and tart making machine, a device for automatically preventing
the lifting of the tins during the raising operation comprising a resilient arm
pivoted to the underside of the machine, an elastic semi-circular or double armed
lever pivoted to the resilient arm and adapted to bear upon the top edge of
the tin when the lever is lowered so that when the lever rises again the tin is
separated by the rebound of the arms of the lever, substantially as described.
S. In a pie and tart making machine, fitting upon the machine lever at one
position a plunger and at another position a lidder, so that one pie or fart can
be raised and another lidded at each operation of the machine lever, substantially
as described.
9. The combination of parts constituting a complete foot-operated pie and
tart making machine, all arranged and operating substantially as described in
reference to Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive of the accompanying drawings.
10. The combination of parts constituting a complete foot-operated pie and
tart making machine, all arranged and operating substantially as described in
reference to Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive of the accompanying drawings.
11. The combination of parts constituting a complete hand-operated pie and
tart making machine, all arranged and operating substantially as described in
reference to Fig. 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 20th day of July 1900.
For the Applicant,
J. A. HARVEY,
Chartered Patent Agent,
3, St. Nicholas' Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne.