VEMENTS IN SETTING UP (COMPOSING) AND DISTRIBUTING TYPE
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hadden Young, of 66, Great College Street.
Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
PROVEMENTS IN SETTING UP (COMPOSING) AND DISTRIBUTING TYPE."
Sealed the 18th January 1861, and dated the 21st July 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hadden Young
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st July 1860.
I. JAMES HADDEN YOUNG, of 66, Great College Street. Camden Town, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SETTING UP (COMPOSING) AND DISTRIBUTING TYPE,"
to be as follows: -
In order to diminish the power required from the finger in striking the keys
of the composing machine, I have devised the following apparatus:-I cause
an endless belt to rotate by means of a treddle worked by the foot, or by any
This
suitable motive power in front of the keys of the composing machine.
belt holds or sustains sliding levers or pins, which, on being projected, cause
the keys to be depressed. Now, it will be readily understood that by placing

page_text: another set of keys to move forward said levers as required, the finger will
only require to overcome this friction, while the power that moves the band
will overcome the resistance offered by the type in issuing from the reservoirs.
This apparatus may be fitted to any composing machine in which keys are
used, or it may be made to act directly on the mechanism that causes the
types to issue from the reservoirs in which they are held. In order that the
player of the composing machine may readily find his place in the copy when
obliged to take his eyes off it, I have provided a sliding reading desk, which
can be raised a regulated distance when required, either by striking a pedal
with the foot, -or-a key with the finger, and across the copy affixed to this desk
I place guiding lines. Instead of pushing the types out of the reservoirs, as
formerly, sometimes construct this part of the composing machine as
follows: I cut the channel down which the type runs at an angle, so that
the type lies across it as it lies in the reservoir, then by pushing one extremity
of the type by a lever, the type is freed from the column and slides away. In
order to deliver the types properly from the receptacles or reservoirs in which
they are held on to the inclined plane, 1 place the reservoirs as nearly as
possible perpendicularly to a horizontal line, but as the inclined plane lies at
about an angle of 45 degrees to the horizon, the bed of the types in the
receptacle is considerably elevated above the inclined plane, which elevation
is apt to cause the type to turn as it commences its descent. I, therefore,
either lower the bed of the types so as to diminish this fall, or I do so by
curving the descent, or diminish the abruptness by steps. I also place at the
back of the reservoir or receptacle a small piece of metal (cut at an angle to
prevent the type being retarded), which prevents the type from sliding away
until it has been properly pushed out of the reservoir, and this piece at the
same time serves as a covering to prevent the type turning. Immediately at
the exit of the reservoir I hollow or make a kind of gutter in the bed of the
channel, which gradually widens out, so that if a type turns and slides down
on its edge, it gradually in sliding down takes a flat position, the same effect
may be produced by a covering piece hollowed out in a similar manner.
To facilitate the construction of the reservoirs I make them also on the
following plan-I take a sheet of rolled brass or other metal of uniform
thickness, and stamp or cut out of it pieces of the length required for a
reservoir, one piece being slightly longer than the other, and about one inch
broad. Between two such pieces I place a strip of metal slightly thicker than
the widest types to be used in the machine, and these three pieces being
secured or rivetted together will form a reservoir. Next to form the bed for

page_text: the types, I fix a small plate of polished metal (preferably steel) to the end of
the longest side of the reservoir; this plate projects at right angles, so as to
form a cross, in order that one end may be secured to a bar placed in front of
the inclined plane, and the other may form a support for a small vibrating
piece. Next, I affix to these pieces described a pin, on which pivots the
pusher that forces out the types, and this pusher or another lever is made to
act on the vibrating piece, so that when the type is about to issue from the
reservoir this piece shall be on a level, or nearly so, with the bed of the type,
but as the pusher recedes a counterbalance weight or spring causes one end of
the vibrating piece to fall, so that is shall form a slide for the type to descend
on to the inclined plane. The vibrating piece is partly covered at a height
corresponding to the thickness of the type, to prevent it turning. By this
method of construction each reservoir is complete in itself, and may be fitted
separately. It may be convenient to fit them in pairs with a
vibrating piece, or even in sets of 4, 2 placed back to back with one middle
piece common to both. The middle piece in the back may project, in order
the better to support the reservoir.
common
To facilitate the filling of the reservoirs I use curved pieces, as described in
a former Patent, these may be of considerable length, but in order to prevent
too great a pressure on the column of types in the reservoir, I provide stops
that support the types, and when required these steps may be held so as to
slide down with the types into the reservoir, and then withdrawn.
Hitherto I have constructed the inclined plane of metal, I now make it
wholly or partly of glass: for this purpose I cut out flat plates of glass so as
to get the required form of groove or channel by securing or otherwise
fastening them down to a bed plate of metal, or glass pins are made to project,
so as to allow of the placing of glass or metal covering plates, which may be
readily removed, or these plates may be secured to hinges; these covering
plates do not entirely cover the channels or grooves, but are slightly separated
to allow of a turned type to slide between them.
To facilitate the descent of types moving by their own gravity, I use gas or
the circulation of steam or water in pipes, or any other suitable means to heat
such parts of the composing machine as the types come in contact with when
moving by their own gravity, so that these parts may be kept at a higher
temperature than the surrounding atmosphere. This heating will be found
equally useful in the distributing machine, I also before the types are distribu-
ted dry the same by placing them in a galley on a heated plate, so that there
shall be no moisture on them.
.

page_text: To prevent the inconvenience of two or more types meeting on the inclined
plane, I make holes at certain parts of the inclined plane, so that the superfluous
type may fall away; these escape holes do not produce the necessary effect
unless they are made considerably longer than the length of a type, and the
ledge of the main passage must be at the commencement of the hole made
slightly narrower than the width of the type used. Sometimes I cut directly
across the channel, so that the type must shoot over this cut. In order to warn
the player or attendant that a stoppage has taken place, I make an aperture
in the inclined plane immediately in the path of the descending type; this hole
is of such a size that a type sliding with a certain velocity will shoot over it
without falling through; but, should a stoppage take place past the hole, the
sliding type will be arrested in its progress and fall through the hole, and if it is
made to fall into or on a bell it will attract the notice of the player or attendant.
To insure the proper delivery of the types into the receiver, especially when a
pusher is used, it is necessary that the entrance of the receiver, and exit of the
inclined plane should be as nearly as possible the exact width of the type.
Hitherto this entrance has been adjusted to allow of a turned capital W passing,
which is little more than the width of the type, I therefore either dispense
with the use of the capital W in the machine, or I have it cast slightly
diminished in the width it presents when turned, I also make the exit of
inclined plane and entrance of receiver moveable and adjustable, so that they
may be set to the size of the type used in machine. This adjustability is
more especially useful when the machine is intended for more than one body
of type.
In order to facilitate the entrance of the types into the receiver as they
issue from the composing machine, I place at each side of the inclined plane
a thin disc of metal, rotating on an axis, so that the sides of their periphery
shall close and hold firmly the types as they slide down between the two discs.
To facilitate this these discs are made slightly elastic, and if necessary are
made in sections near the place where the type enters, a wedge-shaped piece
slightly separates the discs, and another similar piece opens them, so as to
allow the types to escape into the receiver. These discs may be placed at
each side of an inclined plane or of an endless belt, if that is used, in either
case the types must be slightly wider than the plane or. belt they are laying
on, rollers or bands may be used in a similar manner to the discs, springs
being used to give the necessary elasticity.
In using the propeller described in my Patent A.D. 1859, No. 889, over
which the types tilt in going into the receiver, I sometimes find it useful to

page_text: have a thin blade acting similarly to the principal propeller, but not pushing
quite so far.
By another arrangement I cause a wheel to rotate in front of the exit of the
inclined plane, so that as the types issue from the composing machine they
may slide into a groove on the periphery of said wheel close to the exit. I
place a moveable stop to arrest the types as required. On each side of the
wheel or on one side only at short distances apart, I place small pieces of
metal or of other suitable material. which are made to slip over the types, and
then hold them down on the wheel, and thus carry them securely to the
receiver. Immediately before the types are placed in the receiver. the holding
pieces are made to move on one side, and at the same time to push forward
the types already in the receiver. These movements are effected by cams.
weighted levers, or other suitable contrivances. Instead of using a wheel
simply, I may use an endless belt passing over the wheel, and a roller fixed to
the composing machine.
In a former Patent I described galleys with separations to hold lines of
types as they were set up.
By my present arrangement the types are set up as they issue from the
inclined plane in a long line. and an attendant slips a line at intervals into the
galley, which is raised or lowered by means of a screw. When filled the galley
may be carried to the justifying box. or this box may be placed alongside, so
that the justifier may be drawing types from the same galley, that the machine
is filling the pieces in connection with the justifying box, and the galley on the one
hand, or of the receiver and the galley on the other. being provided with hinges
so as to suit the varying level; the line may be made long enough to allow of
an assistant to correct the matter set up. The way I construct these galleys
is as follows: I cut strips of thin metal (preferably sheet or hoop iron) into
strips of a foot long and about an inch broad, and between them I place strips
of wood or other light substance, rather thicker than the types used to form a
rest for these to stand on, and I screw the whole tightly together: a
moveable rod at each end runs through the plates to prevent the types
falling out the whole galley may be made of the material known as vulcanite.
In a former Patent I described a distributing machine in which the types
were scored, so as to facilitate their separation by such scores being placed in
different positions. Instead of scores I find it useful sometimes to cut nicks
in the edges of the types, and the scrapers by being hung out of their centres
of gravity are forced into these nicks; or the types may, instead of lying flat, be
partially raised so that the scraper passes partly on the edge of the types.

page_text: Young's Improvements in Setting up (Composing) and Distributing Type.
In order also to increase the number of divisions without increasing the
scores or nicks, I make use of the different thicknesses of the types, thus if
the type m have a similar score to the i by raising the scraper high enough [
may allow the ŕ to escape being acted upon, altho' the scraper will move the
thicker letter m.
In order to facilitate the action of the scrapers I cause the chain that
conveys the types to pass under a thin metal cover; in this manner
the scrapers need not touch the types until quite close to the score, the
covering being cut to suit the score, guide pieces may be fixed to this covering
plate for the scrapers to travel in. In front of the chain I place a
revolving axis with arms. The scrapers drag the types that have not been
distributed on to these arms, and by their rotation the types, when they
slide on to the same chain, or another present the reserve side by thus
changing the position of the types. I have the power of classifying the types
into more numerous varieties without increasing the number of scores or
nicks. A reversing of side may also be affected by the type being made to
slide down a curved channel. In front of the inclined plane of the
distributing machine, I place the reservoirs at such an angle to it. that a
weight propelling the types in these reservoirs will place them nearly in a line
with the inclined plane. Opposite to the reservoirs I place a set of grippers,
shaped somewhat like pairs of shears; these are made to move forward against the
types. As they advance the weight that propels the types forwards allowed to
act, but this action is capable of being arrested at appropriate intervals. The
foremost type of each column of types will thus be forced into the jaws of the
grippers opposite to which it stands, and will be carried away from its
neighbours, when the grippers have been drawn back a certain distance, they
are made to open and release their hold of the types they have taken away,
which slide accordingly down the inclined plane on to the chain to be distri-
buted. The inclined plane is made to vibrate, so as to insure the delivery of
the types on the chain at the proper time.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Hadden Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. I, JAMES
HADDEN YOUNG, of 66, Great College Street, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Hadden Young, Her special licence that 1, the said James Hadden
Young, my executors. administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Hadden Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN SETTING UP (COMPOSING) AND DISTRIBUTING TYPE," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said James Hadden Young, my execu
tors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Hadden Young, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:
In order to diminish the power required from the finger in striking the keys
of the composing machine, I have devised the following apparatus:-1 cause
an endless belt to rotate by means of a treddle worked by the foot or by any
other motive power in front of the keys of the composing machine. This belt
holds or sustains sliding levers or pins, which on being projected cause the keys
to be depressed. Now it will be readily understood that by placing another
set of keys to move forward said levers as required the finger will only require
to overcome their friction, while the power that moves the band will overcome
the resistance offered by the type in issuing from the reservoir. This apparatus
may be fitted to any composing machine in which keys are used, or it may be
made to act directly on the mechanism that causes the types to issue from the
reservoirs in which they are held.
Figure 1 is a front view in section, Figure 2 a plan, and Figure 3 a side
view in section of an apparatus constructed as above described: Figure 4 is a
perspective view of a part of one of the keys of the composing machine. a, a,

page_text: are pins sliding through sockets b. b. attached to the belt c, which passes over
drums h. h; d, are stop pins; e, keys of composing machine; f, one key of the
auxiliary key board; and g. g. bars under which belt c passes.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The belt being put in motion
from left to right by any appropriate means, when one of the auxiliary keys is
struck it sends forward. by means of its bell crank i, the pin that happens to
be opposite to it: the end a' of one of the pins a will thus be brought in
contact with the corresponding key e, and as the belt moves the key e is
depressed in consequence of the end a' of pin a running over the incline e', and
it is sent back to its original position by the horizontal incline e on the same
key. The belt should be driven at such a speed that the pins a will by the
rotation of the belt be carried through a space greater than the width of one key
of the composing machine during the time that the person playing on the keys
can pass from one key to another. In order that the player of the composing
machine may readily find his place in the copy. when obliged to take his eyes
off it. I have provided a sliding reading desk which can be raised a regulated
distance when required either by striking a pedal with the foot or a key with
the finger, and across the copy affixed to this desk I place guiding lines.
Figure 5 is a front view, and Figure 6 is a side view of a reading desk. a is
a screw acting on a sliding piece b; e. c, are plates attached to frame d, and
partly concealing the copy frame b on which the copy e is fixed. By moving
the arm, the copy frame b and copy e are raised.
Instead of pushing the types out of the reservoirs, as formerly, I sometimes
make this part of the composing machine as follows: I cut the channels down
which the type runs at an angle, so that the type lies across it as it lies in the
reservoir, then by pushing one extremity of the type by a lever the type is
freed from the column and slides away.
Figure 27 is a plan view of a reservoir and channel placed at an angle to
each other as above described. a is the lowest type of a column standing in
the reservoir: b is a lever: e, a fork in connection with a key. This fork
embraces the lever b. d is a channel leading to the inclined plane. When
the key is struck the lever b is moved by the fork, and pushes the head of the
type on one side until the type comes over and is parallel with the channel
leading to the inclined plane, the type then drops into the channel and slides
away. In order to deliver the types properly from the receptacles or reservoirs
in which they are held on to the inclined plane. I place the reservoirs as nearly
as possible perpendicularly to a horizontal line; but as the inclined plane lies at
about an angle of 45 degrees to the horizon the bed of the types in the

page_text: receptacle is considerably elevated above the inclined plane, which elevation is
apt to cause the type to turn as it commences its descent. In order to
diminish this fall I curve the descent or diminish the abruptness by steps.
Figures 7 and 8 are views of reservoirs, the inclined plane being shewn in
section. Figure 7 shews the upper part of the inclined plane made of a curved
form, and Figure 8 shows the upper part of the inclined plane made in steps,
the object in each case being to diminish the amount the tail end of the type
has to drop when it is pushed from the bottom of the reservoirs before it rests
on the inclined plane. a is the reservoir; b, types; c, the inclined plane.
Immediately at the exit of the reservoir I hollow or make a kind of gutter
in the bed of the channel, which gradually widens out, so that if a type turns
and slides down on its edge, it gradually, in sliding down, takes a flat position.
This is similar to the channel described in the Specification of the Patent
granted to me on the 9th day of April 1859, No. 889, as being placed at the
bottom of the inclined plane.
Sometimes I place a small vibrating piece at the exit of the reservoir, and
the pusher that forces out the type is made to act on this vibrating piece, so
that when the type is about to issue from the reservoir this piece shall be on
a level or nearly so with the bed of the types. .but as the pusher recedes a
counterbalance weight or spring causes one end of the vibrating piece to fall so
that it shall form a slide for the type to descend on to the inclined plane.
The vibrating piece is partly covered at a height corresponding to the thickness
of the type to prevent its turning.
Figure 28 is a plan view and 28* a vertical section of an arrangement of
the above description. a is a lever pivoting at b; c, a vibrating piece in com-
munication with inclined plane; d, d, heads of fork in connection with key
for moving lever, a. When the key is struck the lever a pushes out a type
from the bottom of the column in reservoir; an incline on lever a acts at
the same time on vibrating piece c, so as to bring it on a level with the bottom
of the reservoir; on the return of the lever the piece c drops into its inclined
position, and the type slides down the inclined plane.
To facilitate the filling of the reservoirs I use curved pieces, as described in
a former Patent; these may be of considerable length; but in order to prevent
too great a pressure on the column, I provide stops that support the types,
and, when required, these stops may be slid by hand down with the types into
the reservoir, and then be withdrawn.
Figure 9. a, is a curved reservoir, and bare types; c is a stop shewn in
plan at Figure 9; the jaws c' are slightly chastic so that they can grip the

page_text: side of reservoir a sufficiently tight to support the types and prevent them
sliding down into the straight portion of the reservoir. When the bottom of
the reservoir has been nearly emptied of types the stop c is moved down by
hand until the types above it rest on the types remaining in the bottom of
the reservoir when the stop is withdrawn.
Hitherto I have constructed the inclined plane of metal; I now make it
wholly or partly of glass; for this purpose I cut out flat plates of glass so as
to get the required form of groove or channel by screwing or otherwise fasten-
ing them down to a bed plate of metal or glass; pins are made to project so
as to allow of the placing of glass or metal covering plates, which may
be readily removed, or the plates may be secured to hinges; these covering
plates do not entirely cover the channels or grooves, but are slightly separated
to allow of a turned type to slide between them.
Figure 10 is a plan view, and Figure-11 a vertical section of an inclined
plane, composed of glass. a are bars of metal, attached to a framing not
shown; b, b, are pins, projecting from bars a, a; a bed plate c of glass being
suitably perforated is held by these pins; d, d; are pieces of glass, between
which the channels for the type to slide down are formed, the edges of the
different pieces d, d, not touching each other; these pieces are also held by
the pins b; over the pieces d, d, is a covering plate e, which may either be
made in one piece, so as to cover the channels between the pieces d, d, or it
may be made in several pieces, the pieces being suitably shaped and placed at
a short distance from each other, so as not entirely to cover the channels, as
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me on the 10th day of
March 1860, No. 650.
To facilitate the descent of the types moving by their own gravity I use
gas or the circulation of steam or water in pipes, or any other suitable means
to heat such parts of the composing machine as the types come in contact with,
when moving by their own gravity, so that these parts
may be kept at a
This heating will be
higher temperature than the surrounding atmosphere.
found equally useful in the distributing machine. I also before the types are
distributed dry the same by placing them in a galley or on a heated plate, so
that there should be no moisture on them.
Figures 12 and 13 shew views of a manner of heating inclined plane of
composing machine down which the types slide. a is a gas pipe, terminating
in cross piece b, perforated with any convenient number of holes. It is
unnecessary to describe the other arrangements, as they are sufficiently
obvious. To prevent the inconvenience of two or more types meeting on the

page_text: inclined plane I make holes at certain parts of the inclined plane, so that the
superfluous type may fall away. These escape holes do not produce the neces-
sary effect, unless they are made considerably longer than the length of a type
and the ledge of the main passage must be at the commencement of the hole
made slightly narrower than the type used. In order to warn the attendant
or player that a stoppage has taken place I make a cut directly across the
channel, so that the type must shoot over this cut, if it does so at a certain
velocity it will not fall through, but should a stoppage lake place past the hole,
the sliding type will be arrested in its progress and fall through the hole, and
if it is made to fall into or on a bell it will attract the notice of the attendant.
Figure 14 shews a channel on which the types slide, in which an aperture
a is formed; the aperture is made considerably longer than the length of the
type, and is slightly wider at the commencement, as shown; the ledge a¹ of
the main passage at the commencement of the aperture is slightly narrower
than the type used.
Figure 15 shews a channel, in which an aperture a is formed the full
breadth of the channel; the aperture is about half the length of a type.
Figure 16 shews a type falling through the aperture on to sounding metal d.
To insure the proper delivery of the types into the reservoir, especially when
a pusher is used, it is necessary that the entrance of the receiver and exit of
the inclined plane should be as nearly as possible the exact width of the type;
hitherto the entrance has been adjusted to allow of a capital W, which has
turned up on edge passing, which is a little more than the width of the type. I
therefore cither dispense with the use of the capital W in the machine, or I
have it cast slightly diminished in the width it presents when turned. I also
make the exit of inclined plane and entrance of receiver moveable and
adjustable, so that they may be set to the size of the type used in the machine.
This adjustability is the more especially useful when the machine is intended
for more than one body of type.
Figure 19 is a view of the receiver a. acted upon by means of a clamp b,
and a screw c, for the purpose of regulating the entrance into the receiver.
Figures 20 and 21 another arrangement for accomplishing same purpose;
b is a sliding piece, acted upon by screws c, c; when b is pushed forward the
aperture is narrowed, and vice versa. This arrangement is similar to the one
described in the Specification of the Patent granted to me on the 10th day of
March 1860, No. 650. In order to facilitate the entry of types into the
receiver as they issue from the composing machine, I place at each side of the
inclined plane a thin disc of metal rotating on an axis, so that the sides of.

page_text: their peripheries shall close and hold firmly the types as they slide down
between the two discs. These discs may be placed at each side of an inclined
plane or an endless belt, if that is used in either case the types must be
slightly wider than the plane or belt they are lying on.
Figures 17 and 18 shew an inclined plane a, on each side of the channel of
which are discs b, b, revolving on the axis c put in motion by any convenient
means; d is the type.
In using the propeller described in my Patent, A.D. 1859, No. 889, over
which the types tilt in going into the receiver, I sometimes find it useful to
have a thin- blade acting similarly to the principal propeller, but not pushing
quite so far. Figure 29 is a side view of this arrangement. a is the lower
and larger pusher; b. the types in the receiver; c, the thin blade pusher.
Each pusher has its own eccentric, not shewn, and they will be worked in the
correspondence found most convenient. The object of this second pusher is
not to push the types in the receiver, but to lift up the heads of the types, so
that their successors may get under them.
By another arrangement I cause a wheel to rotate in front of the exit
of the inclined plane, so that as the types issue from the composing
machine they may slide into a groove in the periphery of said wheel. Close
to the exit I place a moveable stop to arrest the types as required. On each
side of the wheel, or on one side only, at short distances apart, I place
small pieces of metal or of other suitable material, which are made to slip
over the types and then hold them down on the wheel, and thus carry them
securely to the receiver. Immediately before the types are placed in the
receiver the holding pieces are made to push forward the types already in the
receiver. These movements are effected by cams, weighted levers, or other
suitable contrivances. Instead of using a wheel simply, I may use an endless
belt passing over the wheel, and a roller fixed to the composing machine.
Figure 22 is a side view in section of this apparatus; Figure 23 is an end
view. a is the exit end of an inclined plane; b, b, are types; c is a moveable
stop; d is a wheel, with grooves d' on its periphery; e are pins, with pieces at
the end e; the shape is shown in Figure 24. The pins e are held to the drum f
by means of eyes f', ', and they are moved backward and forward through these
eyes by means of the curved piece g acting on the flat-headed ends of rods c.
The action is as follows:-The wheel and drum are kept in motion by usual
methods. When a type arrives at the end of the incline it is arrested by the
moveable stop c until a pin is, by means of the curved guiding piece g, pushed
on to it. These pins are slightly elastic to allow the pins to hold various

page_text: thicknesses of the types. The type thus held is carried round until it reaches
the receiver h, where the curved guiding piece withdraws the pin. The curve e¹
is for the purpose of pushing forward the type already set up by the wheel,
in order to make room for the next type. is a curved bar pivoting at k¹, it
lies on the pins e, and presses them on to the types.
In a former Patent I described galleys, with separations to hold lines of types
as they are set up. By my present arrangement the types are set up as they
issue from the inclined plane in a long line, and an attendant slips a line at
intervals into the galley, which is raised or lowered by means of a screw. When
filled the galley may be carried to the justifying box; or this box may be
placed alongside, so that the justifier may be drawing types from the same
galley that the machine is filling, the pieces in connection with the justifying
box and the galley on the one hand, or of the receiver and the galley on the
other, being provided with hinges, so as to suit the varying level, and the line
may be made long enough to allow of an assistant to correct the matter set up.
Figure 25 is a front view of galley. a is a screw; b, b, frame; c, sliding
piece supporting galley d. and acted upon by the screw; e are divisions; g is
the jointed line leading from the machine; h is the jointed line leading to the
justifying box, not shewn; i is a thin rod attached to the upper part of frame b,
and the plates of the galley are so perforated that when the galley is raised
the pins shall pass through these holes. The way I construct these galleys is as
follows:- cut strips of thin metal (preferably sheet or hoop iron) into
lengths of one foot and about an inch broad, and between these I place strips
of wood or other light substance rather thicker than the type used to form a
rest for them to stand upon, and I screw the whole tightly together. A
moveable rod at each end runs through the plates to prevent the types
falling out.
Figure 26 shews a galley constructed as above described. a, a, are thin
plates of metal, between these plates are strips b, b, of wood or other material.
The plates a and pieces bare held together by bolts and nuts c, as shewn.
In a former Patent I described a distributing machine in which the types were
scored, so as to effect their separation by such scores being placed in different
positions. Instead of scores I find it useful sometimes to cut nicks on the
edges of the types, and the types instead of lying flat may be partially turned
on edge, so that the scraper passes on the edges of the types.
In order also to facilitate the action of the scrapers, I cause the chain that
conveys the types to pass under a thin metal cover; in this manner the
scrapers need not touch the type until quite close to the score.

page_text: Figure 33 shews the chain of the distributing machine. a, a, are types
partly lying on edge, in place of lying on their side, as described in Patent of
10th March 1860, No. 650. Figure 34 shews the forked lever to be worked
as in said Patent.
Figure 35 is a plan view shewing the steel plate A. This plate is intended
to protect the types from the action of the scrapers until the nick is intended
to be acted upon by the scrapers or forked levers.
In front of the inclined plane of the distributing machine I place the
reservoirs at such an angle to it that a weight propelling the types in these
reservoirs will place them nearly in a line with the inclined plane. Opposite
to the reservoirs I place a set of grippers shaped somewhat like pairs of
shears. These are made to move forward against the types. As they advance
the weight that propels the types forward is allowed to act, but this action is
capable of being arrested at appropriate intervals. The foremost type of each
column of types will be forced into the jaws of the grippers opposite to which
it stands, and will be carried away from its neighbours; when the grippers are
drawn back a certain distance they are made to open and release their hold of
the type they have taken away, which slides accordingly down the inclined plane
on the chain to be distributed. I would here remark, that I am aware that it
has before been proposed to use grippers in distributing machines, I do not,
therefore. generally claim the same, but what I claim is, the combining
grippers with apparatus for stopping the movement of the column of type at
intervals.
Figure 30 is an elevation: Figure 31, an elevated section; Figure 32, a
plan of this means of taking types of different thicknesses from the reservoirs.
a is a cam fixed to the shaft b of the distributing machine. This shaft is the
same as that marked L in the Drawing attached to the Specification of the
Patent granted to me on the 10th March 1860. No. 650. c, a lever vibrating
at the pivot d and actuating rod e, which has an incline e'; is a spring; g, a
piece hinged at g', and held to the piece h by means of india-rubber spring i;
i is another piece hinged at j', and kept in connection with piece by india-
rubber band k. Attached to the piece is a tooth intended to act on the
sliding piece m, which pushes forward the types; n are the types; o is the
head of the sliding piece m; p is a pulley; p', cord, with p, a weight; q, q,
are the jaws of nippers pivoting at q'; q., are the other ends of the nippers
kept apart by the spring r. The pivots are fixed to the plate s; are hori-
zontal inclined planes fixed to u by means of screws; is an inclined plane,
down which the types slide to the chain, which chain is shewn in Figure 33.

page_text: z, z, are pins to hold the types in reservoirs; y is a connecting rod attached to
an excentric on the shaft b (not shewn). The action is as follows:-On the
rotation of the cam a the rod e is pushed forward, and the incline e' at its
extremity raises the piece g, consequently the teeth from the sliding piece m,
it follows that the weight drags forward the sliding piece m and the types.
At the end of this movement the jaws of the nippers are pushed up against the
types, the front of the bar s pushing the types slightly back: On the return
stroke the type will be held between the nippers, and the head of the type is
drawn up against the pin, so as slightly to tilt it and bring the lower end over
the inclined plane v; in coming back the ends q of the nippers q are com-
pressed by means of the inclines t, and consequently the jaws are opened and
the type is released and slides down the inclined plane.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hadden Young, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JAMES H. YOUNG. (L.S.)