Improvements in Fabrics and in Shedding Motions of Looms for Weaving the same.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1887
Complete Left, 6th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 6th June, 1888
Improvements in Fabrics and in Shedding Motions of Looms for
Weaving the same.
We JAMES INGHAM and WILLIAM SIMPSON, of Royal Road Foundry, Burnley, in
the County of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention partly relates to an improved means of, and apparatus for producing
leno stripes, particularly applicable for securing the severed edges of split-ups.
The apparatus may consist of a reciprocating circular plate or disc, which is
preferably placed in a position immediately below the warp. Through the centre of
this disc is a hole, from which diverge two other holes in opposite directions to each
other, and at right angles, or nearly so, to the one in the centre.
Two leno threads are drawn through the centre hole, and separately through each
of the diverging holes of the reciprocating disc, in such a manner, as will produce an
half twist to the leno threads, and reverse and deposite them alternately, upon two
lifting hooks, having an alternate up and down movement imparted to them, whereby
the elevation of the leno threads is effected. Or, the apparatus may consist of a reed,
having dents twice the length of those of an ordinary reed. Between every two of
these dents, which serve as guides, is inserted in the lower baulk of the reed another
dent, which projects upwards to the centre of the reed, and has near its extremity an
eye, through which one of the leno threads is drawn.
A leno thread is also drawn between every two guide dents and from thence through
the eye of an heald of usual construction, which has an alternate up and down motion
with the reed so as to produce the shed.
The leno is formed by moving the heald or reed slightly to and fro sideways, so
as to carry the leno threads passing through the eyes of the heald, over those
passing through the eyes of the projecting dents, and against the guides alternately
whilst shedding.
The invention also relates to an improved means of, or apparatus for, actuating
healds; consisting of a series of tappet plates, having elevators and depressors, which

page_text: are caused to follow each other through the medium of pawls or catches acting upon
a ratchet wheel fixed to the tappet spindle. The tappets may be arranged to actuate
two three or more horizontal rods, mounted one above another in bearings, formed in
brackets fixed to the top rail of the loom. From each rod projects levers or quandrants
to which one or other of the heald staves is attached.
The invention further relates to weaving two or more picks in each shed of the
selvage whilst the other portion of the warp-is weaving a twill or other design of
pattern.
This may be effected by only actuating the side healds once for every two picks;
and to prevent the loop of the weft thread being drawn into the selvage, a binder
thread, or cord is caused to cross the shed at the extremity of the selvage every pick
and is woven into the fabric to tie the weft thread at the sides. The side ends may
be actuated by means of an apparatus for which Letters Patent was granted bearing
date the 6th day of October 1886 No. 12723 for producing plain selvages in
twilled or fancy fabrics, the motion being reduced in accordance with the number of
weft threads to be deposited in each shed of the selvage.
Data thin 4th day of June 1907
THOS. RICHMOND,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Fabrics and in Shedding Motions of Looms for
Weaving the same.
We, JAMES INGHAM and WILLIAM SIMPSON of Royal Road Foundry, Burnley, in
the County of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention partly relates to an improved means of, and apparatus for, producing
leno stripes, and to secure from unravelling the severed edges of slit ups, that is to
say, when two or more breadths of fabric are woven, side by side, in a loom at the
same time, and separated by cutting up across the weft threads.
The invention further relates to means for the insertion of two or more picks or
shoots of weft into each shed of the selvage, whilst the other portion of the warp is
weaving a plain twill or other design of pattern. This may be effected by only
actuating the healds of the selvage once for every two picks; and to prevent the
loops of weft thread being drawn into the selvage, when such are not intersected by
the warp, a binder thread or cord is caused to cross the shed at the extremity of the
selvage every pick, and is woven into the fabric to tie the loops of weft, not otherwise
secured by intersection. The side healds and threads may be actuated for this
purpose by means of an apparatus for which Letters Patent was granted dated the
6th day of October 1886 No. 12723, for producing plain selvages in twilled or fancy
fabrics, the speed of the motion being reduced in accordance with the number of weft
threads to be deposited in each shed of the selvage.
And in order that our invention may be properly understood, and readily carried
into practical effect, we have hereunto attached the accompanying sheet of drawings,
marked with figures and letters of reference. Figs. 1 and 2 represent an end and
side elevation of an apparatus constructed in accordance with our invention, to secure,
from unravelling, the severed edges of slit ups. Fig. 3 is an elevation reverse to
Fig. 1 taken in front of the loom. Figs. 4, 5 and 6 represent detached parts of the
same apparatus, drawn to a scale of about half-working size. a is a standard, fixed to
a bracket b, supported from the binder or cross rail of the loom. Formed in the said
standard are suitable bearings in which reciprocate the discs a¹ and a², to which are
secured the pinions c and c¹, in gear with tooth quadrant c³. This quadrant vibrates
upon stud c³, fixed to standard a, and is actuated by connecting arm d attached to
an eccentric not shewn upon the drawings, but is intended to be placed and fixed on
the tappit shaft e.
Another standard fis fixed to the bracket b projecting upwards through the centre
of the warp, between the two adjoining selvages and of sufficient breadth to open
out the adjoining selvages, that the reciprocating discs a² and a² may perform their
respective functions in a perfect and satisfactory manner, without interfering or being
interfered with by the adjoining warp threads. In combination with the two
reciprocating discs is a hook y which has a vertical movement every pick, and is so

page_text: actuated from the crank shaft h, through the medium of an eccentric or the like,
fixed upon it. This eccentric may be connected by a rod to a lever below, which
in turn may be attached to the frame h¹, carrying hook g..
The severed edges of the selvages are secured by causing two or more longitudinal
cords or warp threads, on each side of the line of cutting, to be twisted together in the
process of weaving. For this purpose one thread or cord n of each pair to be twisted
is taken through the centre hole of each disc a¹ and a² and through a hole at its edge
or periphery whilst the other cord or thread o is taken direct through the holo
formed near the centre of each, disc, in such a manner, that with the reciprocating
movement of the discs a¹ and a² the threads or cords n will be conveyed alternately
from one side to the other of the threads or cords o, at which time they are deposited
upon the hook g, which then carries them upwards to the full height of the shed.
Upon the depression of the hook g, and the reverse reciprocating motion of the discs a¹
and a², the cords or threads n are instantly withdrawn from the hook, and whipped
round to the other side of the threads or cords o and again deposited upon the
hook for elevation. The threads or cords n will thus be raised alternately on each
side of the threads o and tacked to the face of the cloth as seen at in Fig. 5.
To relieve the threads n from undue strain they are wound upon a separate roll or
bobbin m which is mounted at the extremity of the lever lightly weighted by a
spring or elastic, that the bobbin m may ascend to ease the cords or threads n whilst
forming the shed.
Another apparatus constructed in accordance with our invention for securing
contiguous. selvages is represented in Figs. 7 and 8. In this arrangement of
apparatus, a light frame containing vertical bars preferably three in number
forming two spaces n¹ and n² is suitably disposed in the warp between the adjoining
selvages. From the lower end of the said said frame project upwards two other
bars or dents n³ and n', having eyes at their extremity.
The frame u is raised and lowered overy pick the depth of tho shed by an eccentric
or cam on the crank shaft h. Behind the frame u is a traversing plate v which may
form the head of a lever mounted on a stud and is actuated in a similar manner to
the quadrant described in the foregoing arrangement. The threads o are taken
through the holes or eyes 3 in the traversing, plate and through the spaces n³ and n²
of the frame u; whilst the threads n are taken through the slot of the guide or
traversing plate and through the eyes of the projecting dents and n. The
threads will thus be moved laterally over the points of the bars n³ and n by the
traverse of the plate e when the frame a, is in its lowest position (as seen in Fig. 7)
so that the bars n³ and n carrying the threads n may be alternately thrust up on one
sido and then on the other of the threads o.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. The arrangement of the reciprocating discs a¹ and a² and lifting book g,
substantially as described for the purpose set forth.
2. The frame u and traversing plate v arranged substantially as described for the
purpose set forth.
.:
3. The mode or manner of inserting two or more picks or shoots of weft into each
shed of the selvage, whilst the other portion of the warp is weaving a plain, twill or
other design of pattern.
Dated this 5th day of March 1888.