IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYS FOR WATCHES AND OTHER POCKET TIME-KEEPERS, AND IN THE TIME-KEEPERS TO WHICH THEY ARE APPLIED
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Alexander Lund, of the Firm of Barraud
and Lund, of Cornhill, in the City of London, Manufacturers, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYS FOR WATCHES AND OTHER
POCKET TIME-KEEPERS, AND IN THE TIME-KEEPERS TO WHICH THEY ARE
APPLIED."
Scaled the 17th May 1870, and dated the 29th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Alexander Lund
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th March 1870.
I, JOHN ALEXANDER LUND, of the Firm of Barraud and Lund, of
Cornhill, in the City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYS FOR WATCHES AND
OTHER POCKET TIME-KEEPERS, AND IN THE TIME-KEEPERS TO WHICH THEY ARE
APPLIED," to be as follows:-
-
The object of my Invention is to obtain the advantages of keyless
O watches without the complications which they generally possess.

page_text: My Invention primarily consists in fitting the key in the pendant of
the case which is suitably shaped to receive it and in forming the barrel
or pipe of the key with a groove, recess, or hole, into which the nose of
a spring or a pin attached to the spring is pressed by the case when the
latter is shut. Thus, when the case is open the key is not held by the
spring, and can therefore be taken out to wind the watch, but when the
case is closed the key is securely held in the pendant. For those
watches known as "hunters sufficient end play may be given to the
key to enable it to give the usual snap action.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Alexander Lund in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ALEXANDER LUND, of the Firm of Barraud and Lund, of Cornhill, in
the City of London, Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Merself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Alexander Lund, Her special licence that
I, the said John Alexander Lund, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Alexander Lund, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYS FOR
WATCHES AND OTHER POCKET TIME-KEEPERS, AND IN THE TIME-KEEPERS TO WHICH
THEY ARE APPLIED," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Alexander Lund, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
'particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the

page_text: same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Alexander Lund, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is to obtain the advantages of keyless
watches without the complications which they generally possess. My
Invention consists in fitting the key in the pendant of the case which
is suitably shaped to receive it, and in forming the barrel or pipe of the
key with a groove, recess, or hole into which the nose of a spring or a
pin attached to the spring is pressed by the case when the latter is
shut. Thus, when the case is open the key is not held by the spring,
and can therefore be taken out to wind the watch, but when the key
is replaced and the case closed the key is securely held in the pendant.
For those watches known as "hunters" sufficient end play may be
given to the key to enable it to give the usual snap action.
The manner in which I carry my Invention into effect is represented
in the accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 is a side view, and Figure 2 a view of the back of a watch
with key constructed according to my Invention. Figure 3 is a separate
view of the key.
a is the key and b is a groove or circular recess in the barrel of the
same. This key is fitted into the pendant c of the case, which is shaped
to receive it; & is a spring fitted inside the case, the nose d' of this spring
corresponds with the groove b of the key when the latter is in position
in the pendant; when the back e of the case is shut the nose of the spring
is pressed into the groove b so that the key is securely held. I prefer
that the nose should slightly catch the groove when the key is in the
pendant and before the case is shut; the slight hold thus given not being
sufficient to prevent the key being drawn out, but only enough to
prevent it falling out, at the same time the click which the spring will
give when the key is pushed into the pendant will indicate that the key
is home. For the better class of watches, in which the increased
thickness of the pendant, necessitated by the employment of a key such
as that shown in Figure 3, would be considered unsightly, I make a solid
key as shown in Figure 1; but with a solid key it is of course necessary

page_text: to make the upper pivot of the fusee hollow and consequently of
increased thickness. I therefore consider it desirable to modify the
construction of the fusee as about to be described. Figure 5 represents
the old three-quarter fusee, such as would be used for the watch shown in
Figures 1 and 2; Figure 6 is a plan of the cap and body of this fusce;
Figure 7 a plan of the ratchet and ratchet wheel; and Figure 8 a plan
of the main wheel. In this fusce the upper pivot f, lower pivot g, and
ratcheth are made in one piece, and the cap i separately, is the body,
the ratchet wheel, and m the main wheel. In the modified fuscc,
which is represented in Figures 9 to 12, the hollow upper pivot ƒ and
the cap i are made in one piece, and the lower pivot 9 and the ratchet
h in one piece, as seen in Figure 10. The lower pivot may thus be of
small diameter, increased friction being therefore avoided.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,
constructing keys for watches and other pocket time-keepers, and the
time-keepers to which they are applied in such manner that the key fits
into and is secured in the pendant of the case, substantially as herein-
before described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Alexander Lund, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twentieth day of September, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
J. C. MEWBURN,
Patent Agent,
172, Flect Street,
London.
JOHN ALEXDER. LUND. (L.S.)