IMPROVED MEANS OF PREPARING WARPS FOR WEAVING, AND IN THE METHODS OR PROCESSES OF AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH PREPARATION." PROVISIONAL SPFIC
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Crosland Taylor, of Huddersfield, in the County
of York, Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OF PREPARING
WARPS FOR WEAVING, AND IN THE METHODS OR PROCESSES OF AND
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH PREPARATION."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Crosland Taylor at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1881.
GEORGE CROSLAND TAYLOR, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manufac-
turer. "IMPROVED MEANS OF PREPARING WARPS FOR WEAVING, AND IN THE
METHODS OR PROCESSES OF AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH PREPARATION."
The said Invention relates to novel means of preparing warps for weaving, so as
to dispense with the process of sizing, thereby saving much time and expense
heretofore attending the sizing of warps, and by which means the warps weave
better, the knots slip more easily through the reed, and the colours of dyed warps
are not liable to fade, besides producing softer fabrics, also great economy in
working.
For this purpose I employ hydraulic presses. The warps after having been
beamed to suit the press are placed between frames, and the warps are kept to a
suitable tension by means of a strap, lever, and weight, and warps of various
lengths may be placed on the same beam, the ends being connected by small steel
rods.
The warps passing from the beam pass over and on a small roller, and from there
between the press plates of a hydraulic press. The top press plate is stationary, and
secured on a strong foundation plate which carries the ram, and the bottom press
plate is secured on the ram. Both press plates are made hollow, and are heated by
steam.
The warps having remained the necessary time to be pressed are made to pass
on and under a small roller, and from there over a roller of a larger diameter, on
which rests a roller of a diameter still increased, whose circumference is equal to
the length of the press plates. On one end of this roller is fitted a cam, which
allows the roller to give a revolution to a passage of the warps from the press
plates. Over this cam roller and at each end are passed straps having one of the
ends secured to brackets, and the other ends with moveable weights, which are for
the purpose of giving tension to the beam or roller, and give the necessary pressure
on the warps before being rebeamed after pressing. The cam is stopped by a lever
and gear at each stroke of the press, and the roller only receives one revolution to
[Price di

page_text: each pressing stroke of the press. From the top or cam roller the warps pass under
a roller to bring the warps on a suitable level to be rebeamed.
The warps after having been pressed pass on to a beaming frame, which is inter-
mittent in action, and as the warps increase in diameter in being wound on the
beam the beam never winds on more than is allowed to pass from the roller having
the cams and weights, on or from which the warps pass after or before being
pressed. To the bottom and moveable press plate is secured a lever having a bent
end made with a slot hole, through which is passed a stud which is secured in the
head of a connecting rod; this rod actuates a lever which is secured on a rocking
shaft which extends from the hydraulic press to the winding beam of the pressed
warps. This shaft works in supports secured to the floor. At the end of the shaft.
and at the beaming end is fitted a reversible cam, which actuates a cross lever
having a moveable weight to give the required pressure.
The cam works on an
adjustable plate to take up the wear and tear; the cross lever works in a. jaw
formed on a bracket, which is secured to the floor or on the foundation plate of the
beaming frame, and the fulcrum of the shaft is between the cam and the weight.
At a suitable distance between the fulcrum and weight is secured to the lever a
connecting rod, whose top end is fitted to the horizontal arm of a bell cranked
lever; the upright arm of this lever is made forked, through which passes a shaft
which gives action to the warp beam, and on which is fitted the friction driving
gear. On the extreme end of this shaft is fitted a leather washer, over which is
fitted a collar secured in position by set nuts; allowing the adjusting of the shaft
according to wear and tear.
The pressed warp beam is driven by two friction plates constructed with two
disks having plane surfaces, between which is placed a circular leather lining.
One of the disks is secured on the shaft, and the other loose; this disk is made
with a circular flange to keep out the dust or oil from the leather lining. The
loose disk is actuated by a spur wheel, which is either cast with the disk or secured
thereon, and this disk keeps continually revolving, and in excess of the speed of the
fixed disk to cause friction. On the other side of the spur wheel is another disk
made to revolve with the spur wheel; this disk is made in the inside. with a
circular recess, in which are placed and work steel balls, which are separated by a
loose plate. The balls also work in a circular recess formed in an outer disk, which
is loose on the shaft, but prevented from turning by means of a stud projecting on
the top of the forked lever. This friction ball motion is for the purpose of removing
friction from the forked arm of the bell cranked lever. The spur wheel is actuated
by another spur wheel which is secured on a counter shaft, and which receives
motion from a pulley driven by a belt.
When the bottom plate of the hydraulic press moves up to press the warps it
actuates the rocking shaft, and brings the cam in contact with the cross lever,
pressing down the lever, and lifting up the weight which actuates the connecting
rod and forked arm, removing pressure from the disks which stops the main shaft
which carries the pressed warp beam, consequently the winding of the warps on
the beam, and during the operation of pressing. And directly the operation of
pressing is accomplished, the bottom press plate lowers, and the gear secured to the
press actuates the rocking shaft, which releases the weight and places the pressure
on the friction disks, giving motion to the pressed beam, winding on the portions of
the warps previously pressed.
To throw the beaming apparatus out of gear by hand when the bottom press
plate is down and not required to work, a second reversible cam is employed which
acts on another part of the lever, and the cam is actuated by gear worked by hand,
which throws the pressure from the friction disks.
By these means I prepare and lay the fibres of the warp, and prepare the warp
for weaving without sizing, producing better and softer woven fabrics with great
economy.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Crosland Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th September 1881.
GEORGE CROSLAND TAYLOR, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manufac-
turer. "IMPROVED MEANS OF PREPARING WARPS FOR WEAVING, AND IN THE
METHODS OR PROCESSES OF AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH PREPARATION."
The said Invention relates to novel means of preparing warps for weaving, so as
to dispense with the process of sizing, thereby saving the time and expense hereto-
fore attending the sizing of warps, and whereby the warps weave better, the knots
also slip more easily through the reed, and the colours of dyed warps are not so
liable to fade, besides producing softer fabrics and a great economy in working.
For this purpose I employ hydraulic presses. The warps after having been
beamed to suit the press are placed between frames, and the warps are kept to a
suitable tension by means of a strap and weight. Warps of various lengths may be
placed on the same beam, the ends being connected by small steel rods. The warps
passing from the beam pass over and onto a small roller, and thence between the
press plates of a hydraulic press, the top press plate of which is stationary and
secured on strong columns and plate and frame. This foundation plate carries the
ram and bottom press plate, which is secured to the ram. Both press plates are
made hollow, and are heated by steam.
The warps having remained in the press the necessary time for properly pressing
them they are made to pass onto and under a small roller, and thence over a roller
of a larger diameter, on which rests a roller of a still greater diameter, and whose
circumference is equal to the length of the press plates; on one end of this roller
is fitted a cam which allows the roller to give a revolution to a passage of the
warps from the press plates; at each end of the cam roller are fitted grooved
pullies, over which are passed straps or ropes secured at one end to brackets cast
on the side frames of the press, the other ends of the straps or ropes are fitted with
weights which can be removed or added to according to the pressure required to be
placed on the roller to give tension and the necessary pressure on the warps before
being rebeamed after pressing. The cam is stopped by a lever at each stroke of
the press, and the cam roller only receives one revolution for each pressing stroke
of the press; from the top or cam roller the warps pass under a small roller for the
purpose of bringing the warps on a suitable level to be rebeamed after having been
pressed.
The warps after having been pressed and passed under the small roller pass on
through the teeth of the raddle frame and thence onto a beam actuated by a
beaming apparatus which is intermittent in action, so that when the warps increase
in diameter in being wound on the beam, the said beam never winds on more than
the quantity allowed to pass from the cam roller, and from which the warps pass
after or before being pressed. The bottom and movable press plate is fitted on one
side with a lever having a bent end, in which is made a slot hole through which is
passed a stud which secures the head of a connecting rod, the bottom head of this
rod is connected to a lever fitted on a rocking shaft which extends from the
hydraulic press to the beaming apparatus; the shaft works in supports secured to
the floor and in one secured to the bed plate of the beaming apparatus, at the
beaming end of the shaft is fitted a reversible cam which actuates a cross lever
having a movable weight to give any required pressure, and the cam works on an
adjustable plate to allow for wear and tear; the cross lever works in a jaw formed
on a bracket secured to the bed plate of the beaming apparatus, and the fulcrum of
the lever is between the cam and the weight; at a suitable distance between the
:

page_text: fulcrum and weight of the lever is secured a jaw formed on the end of a connecting
rod, the top end of which is secured to an arm of a bell cranked lever whose
upright arm is made forked, through which passes a shaft which actuates the
rebeaming warp beam, and on which is fitted the friction driving gear, and at the
extreme end of the shaft is fitted a leather washer and collar secured in position
by set nuts which allow the adjusting of the shaft according to wear and tear.
The beaming apparatus is driven by two friction plates constructed with two
discs having planed surfaces, between which is placed a circular leather lining, one
of the discs is secured on the shaft, the other is loose and is made with a circular
flange to keep out dust or oil from the leather lining; the loose disc is actuated by a
spur wheel either cast on the disc or secured thereon, and this disc keeps continually
revolving and in excess of the speed of the fixed disc to cause friction. On the other
side of the spur wheel is another disc made to revolve with the spur wheel, and
this disc is made in the inside with a circular recess in which are placed and work
steel balls separated by loose plates. The balls also work in a circular recess formed
in an outer disc which is loose on the shaft, but prevented from turning by means
of a stud projecting on the top of the forked lever. The friction ball motion is for
the purpose of removing friction from the forked arm of the bell cranked lever.
The spur wheel is actuated by another spur wheel secured on a counter shaft which
receives motion from a pulley driven by a belt.
When the bottom plate of the hydraulic press moves up
to press the
it
warps
actuates the connecting rod secured to the lever or bracket fixed to the bottom
plate, and thereby actuates a lever fitted to the rocking shaft actuating the shaft
and bringing into contact with a cross lever a cam which presses down the lever
and lifts up the weight actuating the fork connecting rod and fork which removes
the pressure from the discs, stopping the driving of the main shaft and the pressed
warp beam, consequently the winding of the warps on the beam during the
operation of pressing. Directly the pressing operation is accomplished the bottom
press plate falls and the connecting rod actuates the rocking shaft, which reverses the
cam and releases the weight and brings the discs in contact, placing pressure on
them, which actuates the shaft and pressed warp beam, winding on the portion of
the warps previously pressed. To throw the beaming apparatus out of gear by
hand when the bottom press plate is down or when required a second reversible
cam is employed which acts on the lever having the weight, and the cam is fitted
on a shaft working in brackets secured to the floor; the shaft may be actuated by a
lever fitted on the end of the shaft near the beaming apparatus, or may be actuated
by a lever on either side of the press, a connecting lever connecting the levers to
the shaft, and which hand levers being actuated throw the pressure from the
friction disc. Instead of using hydraulic presses for pressing the warps I may
employ rollers heated by steam or hot air, the rollers being kept pressed together
by strong springs or by weights, or I may employ a fixed bottom press plate and
a movable pressing top roller, to which is given a to and fro motion during the
pressing operation.
I may also employ my pressed beaming apparatus for beaming warps which have
been sized and dried in a heated stove.
.
By pressing the fibres of the warps I prepare the warps for weaving without
the necessity of sizing them, producing better and softer fabrics with great
economy.
In order to enable my improvements to be better understood I will proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1
represents a side elevation of my improvements fitted to a hydraulic press, and
Figure 2 plan of the same; Figure 3 represents a front elevation (with parts shewn
in section) of my present warp beaming apparatus (drawn to an enlarged scale),
and Figure 4 is a side view of the same. Similar letters of reference are used to
represent similar parts. The hydraulic press A is of similar construction to those
employed in pressing cloth; in front of the press and at a suitable distance there-
from is secured to the floor two standards B, in the bearings C of which is placed

page_text: the beam spindle or shaft of the warp beam D, on which are wound the warps to
be operated on; on the shaft of the beam or on the ends of the beam are fitted
grooved pullies E, over which pass ropes or straps F which are secured at one end
to the standards B, the other ends of the ropes or straps have weights G, which
can be added to or removed according to the pressure required to be placed on the
warps H when passing from the beam to the press; the warps coming from the
beam pass over a small roller I working in brackets J fitted in front of the fixed
press plate F; the brackets J are made with sliding pieces to allow of adjusting
small rollers K to the required.height for the press papers suspended between the
press plates so as to lift or lower the press papers, and the roller I can also be
adjusted in the brackets through the slide so as to bring the roller in position to
allow the warps to pass in the required place between the press plates; the rollers
are actuated by a band or strap L, which is worked by a grooved pulley M fitted
on the shaft of the bottom roller P; the band or strap passes from the pulley over
small-guide pullies N, and over a pulley O; on the shaft of the pulley is fixed a
pinion which actuates other pinions fitted on the shaft of the other small rollers I,
thereby actuating them.
The warps having passed over the small roller Q, and thence over the roller P of
larger diameter than the roller Q, and from the roller P over a roller R of a still
greater diameter, and whose circumference is equal to the length of the press
plates. On one end of the shaft of the roller R is fitted a cam S which allows the
roller R to give a revolution to each passage of the warps after having been pressed;
and on the cam roller shaft are fitted (one at each end) grooved pullies T, over
which are bands or straps U secured at one end to the top bracket V of the
frame W, the other ends of the bands or straps are fitted with weights X, which
can be removed or added to according to the pressure required to be placed on the
roller R to give tension and the necessary pressure on the warps H, which are
being rebeamed after pressing; the cam S is stopped at each stroke of the press by
a lever Y which comes in contact with a projection Z cast on the cam, so that the
cam and roller R only receive one revolution for each pressing stroke of
the press.
From the top pressing roller R the warps H pass under a small roller A¹, whose
shaft works in bearings formed in brackets B¹ cast on the top of the frame W to
bring the warps H on a suitable level to be rebeamed after having been pressed;
the warps pass from the roller A¹ through the teeth C¹ of a raddle D¹, and thence
onto a beam E' fitted in a beaming apparatus, which is intermittent in action, so
that when the pressed warps increase in diameter in being wound on the beam E¹
the beam does not wind on more than is passed from the roller R. The hydraulic
press A is constructed with a fixed top plate F¹ and movable bottom press plate G³,
and the press plates are made hollow and heated by steam; to the bottom and
lifting press plate G¹ is secured a bracket or lever H' having a bent up end I', in
which is cast or made a slot hole, through which is passed a stud securing the head
of a connecting rod J₁ to it; the other end of the connecting rod is secured to a
lever K which is fixed to a rocking shaft L¹ which works in standards M².
The beaming apparatus represented in Figures 1 and 2, and on an enlarged
scale in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying Drawing is constructed with a
foundation-plate N', to which are secured frames 0¹ kept in position by cast iron
plates P¹; on the front side of the frames are cast projecting bearing pieces Q¹, in
which works the shaft R¹ of the discs S¹ and T¹, and the shaft is secured in working
position by the caps U₁; the disc S₁ is secured to the shaft R¹ by a key, and the
disc T is loose on the shaft, and is made with a circular rim W₁ to keep out dust
or oil from a leather lining V₁, which is placed between planed surfaces of the
discs S! and T¹; the disc T₁ is actuated by a spur wheel X¹, which receives motion
from a pinion Y' fitted on a counter shaft Z', which works in projecting bearings Q¹
5 cast at the back of the frames; the pinion Y¹ is actuated by a pulley A² secured on
the shaft Z, and is driven by a belt. The disc T¹ keeps continually revolving,
and in excess of the speed of the fixed disc S¹, so as to cause friction. On the

page_text: collar B2 of the disc T¹ is fitted another disc C which revolves with the spur.
wheel X', and the disc is made with a circular recess in which are placed and
work steel balls D³ separated by a plate; the balls D2 work in a recess of another
disc C3 which is loose on the shaft R¹, and the disc is made with a bearing neck E²,
and is prevented from turning by means of a stud fitted in the fork F2 of the bell
cranked lever G2; the friction ball motion is for the purpose of removing friction
from the fork F2; in the top of the frame O' next to the beam is secured a stud H²,
on which works a pawl I2 which gears in the catch wheel J2 secured on the end of
the shaft R', and which prevents the beam turning back with the pressure on the
warps; on the end of the shaft R¹ is fitted a leather washer K2 which is kept in
position by a collar L² secured by set nuts M².
When the bottom and movable press plate moves up to press the warps it
actuates the connecting rod J', which gives motion to the rocking shaft L¹ on
which is secured a reversible cam N2, which acts upon an adjustable plate 02 fitted
on a cross lever P2; the plate O2 is to take up the wear and tear; on the cross
lever P2 is fitted a movable weight Q2 to give any required pressure, and heavier
weight may be placed on the lever if required; the cross lever P2 passes through
openings R2 made in the frames O', and the lever works in a bracket S2 secured
on the top of the foundation plate N', and between the fulcrum of the lever and
weight is secured to the lever the jaw T2 of a connecting rod U2, the top
head V2 being secured to the bell cranked lever G2, and when the cam N2 is down
it presses down the lever P2 and lifts up the weight Q2, forcing back the fork F2
and removing pressure from the discs, thereby stopping the driving of the shaft R¹,
consequently the winding on of the warps on the beam E¹ during the operation of
pressing. Directly the pressing operation is accomplished the ram and bottom press
plate lowers and actuates the connecting rod J₁, reversing the cam N2, which
releases the lever P2 and lowers the weight Q2, forcing in the fork and placing
pressure on the discs which actuates the shaft R', giving the winding motion to
the beam to rebeam the portions of the warps previously pressed, the same
operation taking place at each pressing stroke of the press until the warps have
passed through the press plates.
When the bottom press plate is down and not required to work, the beaming
apparatus can be thrown out of gear by hand; for this purpose a second rocking
shaft X2 is employed, which works in standards M' fixed to the floor; on the
shaft X2 is also fitted a reversible cam N2, which acts on an adjustable plate O²
secured on the lever P2; on the end of the shaft X2 at the beam end is fitted a
handle Y, which is actuated by hand and which throws the pressure from the
discs; the shaft X2 extends to the frames W, at which end is fitted a short lever Z2,
and to which is secured an arm A³ formed on a handle Y2, which works on a pin
fitted in a support which is secured to the frame W; the arm A³ is fitted to a
connecting rod B³, which is connected to another arm A3 formed on another handle
fitted at the other side of the framework W, and which allows of removing the
pressure from the discs when required near and at each side of the press besides
at the rebeaming warp beam.
Having thus described my Invention, and the best means I am acquainted with
for carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details shewn and described, as they may obviously be varied
in some of the parts without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention,
and I would state in respect of this Invention that I lay no claim to the hydraulic
press, as it is of similar construction to the presses now employed for pressing
cloth, but what I do claim is,-
Firstly. The method or means of preparing warps for weaving by subjecting
them to powerful pressure instead of sizing them as hitherto, thereby saving the
time and expense heretofore attending the sizing of warps, producing warps that
weave better, and also producing knots that slip easier through the reed, and also
dyed warps that are not liable to fade, besides producing softer woven fabrics
with great economy, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.

page_text: Secondly. The combination, construction, and employment of parts forming the
improved machine or apparatus for rebeaming the warps, and of the apparatus
fitted to the press for passing the warps to and from the press, and also of
apparatus for lifting the press papers up or down, substantially as and for the
purpose herein described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
Thirdly. The employment of the beaming apparatus for beaming warps which
have been sized and dried in a heated stove.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Crosland Taylor, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
GEORGE CROSLAND TAYLOR. (L.S.)