Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 7th June, 1889
We JOSEPH MULLIGAN, Tin-plate worker of No 143 Pond Street Sheffield, in the
County of York and CHARLES SWINDELL Bank Cashier No. 12 Kenwood Road
Sheffield do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows.―
It relates to improvements in Caps or Ventilators for smoky chimneys churches and
other buildings, sewers railway carriages and other carriages and all other erections or
things in or through which it is desirable to maintain a current of air, or promote
ventilation.
To obtain these results we use at the outer end of a shaft or socket in connection
with the space or object to be ventilated two shields of a dished or tapering or convex
shape, placed so that their concave or hollow sides shall be opposite or towards each
other, either vertically or horizontally, at such a distance from each other as will leave
an opening or outlet between them proportioned to the amount of ventilation required
and so attached to the shaft or socket or space to be ventilated that the space between
the two shields may be in direct communication with the same. Around and outside
the opening or outlet previously described and at a suitable distance from the same we
place another shield of dimensions sufficient for the edges of the same to project
beyond and form an overlap to the edges of the two shields before described
and leaving a space between itself and the two shields previously described
suitable to the ventilation required. these two inner shields and the outer shield so
described form the chimney or ventilating cap and may be attached together or to the
shaft or space to be ventilated in the relative positions described, by rivets, lugs, or
any other suitable means, and may be made of sheet metal, cast metal or any other
suitable material. The shields may be of circular, square or any other cross-section
The action of the cap is to set up suction from within the shaft, flue or space to be
ventilated during the prevalence of wind of whatever intensity and from whatever
direction.

page_text: Improvements in Chimney or Ventilating Caps.
We, JOSEPH MULLIGAN of No. 143 Pond Street Sheffield Tin-plate worker and
CHARLES SWINDELL, Bank Cashier of No. 12 Kenwood Road Sheffield do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement.-
It relates to improvements in Caps or ventilators for smoky chimneys, public and
other buildings, railway carriages and other carriages, sewers and all other erections
or things in or through which it is desirable to maintain a current of air or to promote
ventilation.
To obtain these results we use at the outer end of a shaft, socket, or opening in
connection with the space or object to be ventilated, two shields or deflectors of a
conical, spheroidal, or any other tapering general shape, placed so that their larger
ends, bases, or edges shall be near and towards each other, with a space or outlet
between them proportioned to the amount of ventilation required and so attached at
any part of the same to the shaft, socket, or space to be ventilated, that the space
between the two shields may be in communication with the same.
Around and outside the space or outlet previously described and at a suitable
distance from the same, we place a third shield in the form of a belt or girdle, of
dimensions sufficient for the edges of the same to cover, or form an overlap to, the
edges of the two shields before described, following generally the shape or outline of
such edges, and leaving a space between itself and the two shields previously described
proportioned to the amount of ventilation required; these two inner shields and the
third or outer shield form the chimney or ventilating cap and may be attached at any
part, to each other and to the shaft or space to be ventilated in the relative positions
described, by rivets, lugs, or any other suitable means and may be made of sheet
metal, cast metal, or any other suitable material.
These shields may be of circular, square, or any other curvilinear or angular figure
in the cross-section.
The action of the cap is to set up suction from within the flue, shaft, or space to be
ventilated during the prevalence of wind of whatever intensity and from whatever
direction.
Now in order that our said invention may be clearly understood we have attached
hereunto one sheet of drawings shewing the relative positions of the several parts,
and in which the same letters of reference indicate the same or similar parts in any
of the figures.
Fig. 1. is a side elevation of cap having the two inner shields a. a. of general
tapering shape, the dotted lines shewing the position of the inner edges of the two
inner shields and the space or outlet d. d. between such edges, also outer shield b. b.
and socket c.
'
Fig. 2. 1s a horizontal section on the line A. B. (Fig. 1) and shews the two inner
shields a. a. and space d. d. between the same, outer shield b. b. and space e. e. between
outer shield and inner shields, also socket o.

page_text: Fig. 3. is a vertical cross-section through the centre shewing one of the inner
shields a. and outer shield, b. of a ventilating cap of a circular figure in the cross-
section, socket c. and space e. e. between inner shields and outer shield.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is;
The use in a chimney or ventilating cap of two shields or deflectors of conical,
spheroidal, or any other tapering general shape, and of any curvilinear or angular
figure in the cross-section, placed relatively so that their larger ends, bases, or edges
shall be near and towards each other; in combination with a third shield in the form
of a belt or girdle placed outside of and following generally the shape or outline of
the inner edges of the afore-named two shields, and covering or overlapping such
edges and the space betwen them, with voiding spaces in or between the shields; we
also claim the attachment of these shields at any part of any of them to the shaft,
socket or space to be ventilated, and the making of a communication or opening into
such shaft, socket, or space at the point of attachment.
Dated this Twenty-eighth day of February 1889.
JOSEPH MULLIGAN,
Applicant.