IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES
Year: 1885

page_text: I PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County
of Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the
nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES a communication
to me from abroad by William Ellery Hale of Chicago Cook County Illinois
United States of America and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to that class of gas engines in which the piston is
propelled by the rapid explosion of an explosive charge of gas and air, and the
invention consists in the method and means hereinafter set forth of constructing
and operating the engine to prevent the waste of the explosive mixture to maintain
the explosive effect of the charge at all times uniform to graduate the amount of
the uniform mixture in proportion to the power required, to prevent the backward
travel of the flame in the reservoir, to facilitate and insure the ignition of the
charge, and to generally increase the efficiency of the engine.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is an exterior view of the gas engine constructed in accordance with the
invention.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the cylinder and reservoir.
Fig. 3. is a partial rear elevation showing the reservoir and regulating valve in
section.
Fig. 4. is a transverse sectional elevation through the bed and frame of the
engine.
Fig. 5. is a rear elevation of the engine partly in section.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of an engine illustrating a modified arrangement for
regulating the inlet valve.
Fig. 5b is a plan of the valve regulating devices shown in Fig. 5ª.
Fig. 5° is a sectional view of the cylinder showing a modified form of igniting
apparatus.
Fig. 6. is a sectional view of a cylinder showing a modified form of charge
deflector.

page_text: Fig. 7. is a longitudinal section of the cylinder and reservoir illustrating a
modified mode of supplying the gas and air to the reservoir, and a modified
construction of the charge deflector.
Fig. 8. is a transverse section through the base and frame illustrating the gas
valve and governor regulator.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the deflector holder.
Fig. 10. is a face view of the deflector.
Fig. 11. is a face view of a deflector of the construction shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 12. is a transverse section of Fig. 11.
Fig. 13. is a section illustrating a modified arrangement of gas mixing pipes.
In that class of gas engines in which the exhaust is near the forward end of the
working cylinder there is apt to be a great waste of gas, resulting from the direct
flow of the entering charge of mixture from the inlet port at one point to the
exhaust at a distance from the inlet so that a portion of the charge will escape
through the exhaust before the gases therein are burned.
The defect above referred to may be overcome by causing the inflowing gases to
be projected against a deflecting surface or surfaces which will prevent them from
flowing directly towards the exhaust but will distribute them radially, or produce
eddies or cross currents, tending to maintain them at the end of the cylinder
opposite the exhaust, so that only, the spent gases escape through the latter when
the port is opened. Different means for deflecting the inflowing gases may be
employed, it is essential however that the deflector be of such construction and
arrangement that the gases will strike the same at or after their admission, and
their direct flow to the exhaust port be thereby interrupted and prevented so as to
retain the said gases temporarily at one end of the cylinder. As one means of
securing this result a deflector plate a preferably of the same outline as the inlet
port x is arranged in the power cylinder A at a sufficient distance beyond the inlet
port to permit a substantially free inward flow of the mixture, so that there can be
no "drawing" of the latter or throttling of the port, and is of such a size as to
present an extended surface against which the mixture is projected without unduly
contracting the passage between the edge of the plate and the inner side of the
cylinder. The deflector plate is supported in its position in any suitable manner
as shown it has holes c. c Fig. 10 for the reception of screw bolts b b suitably
supported and provided with nuts d by means of which the deflector plate is
adjusted and secured in place. This deflector plate may be used with engines of
different kinds. In the engine shown, the cylinder A. is provided with the usual
piston B and is closed at the opposite ends, and has exhaust ports y which are
uncovered as the piston approaches the forward end of the cylinder, and are opened
either by the piston as it uncovers them, or by a valve in the exhaust pipe operated
in any suitable manner. The piston opens and closes the ports and is provided with
a guard, which covers the ports after the piston passes the same during its back-
ward movement, and which when the piston is forward extends into a suitable
casing g supported by the forward head of the cylinder whereby the piston and
forward end of the cylinder are made to serve as a pump to store a certain amount
of mixture in a reservoir in a particular manner which will be hereinafter fully set
forth. The explosion takes place when the piston is at or near the limit of its
rearward motion, and the piston moves forward under the expansion of the gases
and across the escape ports, which are then opened, permitting a greater portion of
the waste gases to pass to the exhaust. The new charge is admitted while the
exhaust is open but instead of flowing directly towards the exhaust as beretofore,
the mixture flowing in under pressure strikes, and is deflected by the plate a, and
is thrown outward towards the sides of the power cylinder, and while entering
freely and rapidly is retained to a certain extent at the rear of the deflector so that
only the waste gases escape through the port. By this means not only is the escape
of any portion of the new charge prevented, but eddies or circular or cross currents
are produced with the effect of securing a more intimate admixture of the air and
the gas in the mixture than would otherwise be effected, and with the further effect

page_text: of bringing all portions of the said mixture in contact with the heated surfaces of
the deflector and the sides and head of the cylinder, so that the gases become
thoroughly combined in a homogeneous mixture, and are highly heated before
their explosion, a result which is not apt to ensue when the new charge is shot
forward through the body of spent gases to the exhaust without material contact
with the heated metal. The deflector may consist in whole or in part of a face of
the cylinder, as for instance, a portion of the end of the cylinder left exposed, by
the application of a concave cap or head A¹ Fig. 6, forming an annular deflector
face a. against which the gases are projected from perforations or inlet ports x in a
hollow projection h at the centre of the head of the cylinder A block C is fitted in
the cylinder and has a concave inner face, a central port x and a groove i. extend-
ing radially to one edge, so as to form with the cap A¹, when the block is inserted
in the cylinder a channel through which the mixture can flow from the port w
communicating with the reservoir to the port x. This construction which permits
the easy removal of the block C, after unscrewing the head A¹, affords ready access
to the channels and ports when the head is removed. The use of the said block
further facilitates the adjustment of the deflector to proper position as the screw
bolts b may be inserted in suitable openings 7 in the block so that the latter will
support the deflector, and both may be readily withdrawn together from the
cylinder. When an electric igniter is employed, the plug j which supports the
electrodes extends through an opening in the head A¹ into the groove or channel i
so that the igniting spark is made in the channel at a point where the gases of the
new charge will not be mixed with any portion of the spent gases, whereby the
certain ignition of the charge is insured.
In the construction of engine illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, the charge reservoir
consists of a chamber X contained in three different receptacles, that is, in a hollow
casing at the lower part of the main cylinder, in a casing H, and in a connection
tube H. The air and gas are drawn into the reservoir through a pipe S provided
with a back pressure valve S³ Fig. 3, as the piston moves backward in the direction
of the arrow, and are forced from the cylinder A through a channel 8 and
compressed in the reservoir, on the forward motion of the piston, and the mixture
flows from the reservoir through a port m covered by a check valve I when the
pressure in the power cylinder is reduced upon the opening of the exhaust port
the check valve I lifting automatically whenever the pressure within the power
cylinder is less than that within the reservoir X.
The stem.k of the valve I Fig. 5. extends downward through a packed opening
and is encircled by a spring L in a tubular case q and confined between a nut n
upon the stem and suitable bearing whereby such a tension may be imparted to
the spring as to permit the lifting of the valve I at the moment when the relative
pressures in the reservoir and power cylinder are such as to insure the proper
delivery of the charge. Where the engine is to be run at an uniform rate of speed,
and an uniform power is desired, it is only necessary to properly adjust the parts
to permit an uniform lifting of the valve, but where the speed or power of the
engine requires to be varied, a most important economic effect results from corre-
spondingly varying the lift of the valve, because the amount of explosive mixture
required to be delivered to the power cylinder in order to secure effective work
should decrease as the work to be done by the engine decreases.
To effect this, the air and gas are introduced in proper proportions into a
reservoir, and their admission into the power cylinder is regulated by controlling
the valve between the reservoir and power cylinder.
Thus the extent to which the valve I is lifted, is varied or the time for which it
is opened is varied, whereby the amount of mixture transferred to the power
cylinder is regulated and the charge is proportioned to the work to be done,
thereby saving a large amount of mixture which is invariably wasted when an
uniform charge is taken into the cylinder at each stroke regardless of the work to
be performed. As it would require continual attention upon the part of the
attendant to vary the lift of the valve by hand, it is best. to connect.automatic

page_text: adjusting mechanism with the governor, that the latter, while permitting the
valve to rise automatically will vary or regulate the lift of the valve and the
amount of mixture transferred from the reservoir to the power cylinder and the
speed of the engine.
Thus, if the speed of the engine is reduced in consequence of additional work 5
being thrown upon it, the parts are adjusted so that the valve I will lift to a
greater extent, or for a longer time, and insure the supply of a larger charge and a
corresponding increased explosive effect It will be apparent that many different
modes of varying the flow of the charge between the chamber or reservoir and
cylinder, in accordance with the work to be done, may be employed.
In the drawing is shown one means of effecting the result by varying the lift
of the valve I by interposing a wedge F between the upper end of the spring L
and an inclined bearing face a. and in connecting the said wedge with the governor
in such manner that the wedge will be drawn out in the direction of the arrow
Fig. 5 to permit an increased lift of the valve and admit an increased explosive
charge in proportion as the speed of the governor decreases. The governor K is
enclosed within the hollow bed or foundation J of the engine (Fig. 4) the moveable
sleeve of the governor being connected to a rod L¹ Figs. 4 and 5 having an annular
groove receiving a stud upon the end of an arm H secured to a shaft N turning
in brackets P P extending from the cylinder or bed, and an arm Q at the end of
the shaft N, being connected by a rod n with the wedge F which will be moved
back and forth between the inclined faces and the spring L as the rod L' moves
in and out under the varying action of the governor In Figs. 5° 5b is shown a
different connection between the rod L¹ and the wedge F In this modification
the spring L has a positive bearing at the top against a stationary face, and the
wedge F is split to permit the spring L to extend through it, and extends over an
inclined face 8 of a block supported by a casing 8¹ surrounding the spring and
carried by the valve spindle.
The wedge is controlled from the governor by means of levers Q1 Q³ and
connecting rods and by its position regulates the extent of the lift of the valve I
without interfering with its automatic lifting. The governor may be the means
also of positively regulating the inflow of the gas and air to the reservoir.
Different constructions may be employed to effect this result that which is
shown in Fig. 3 has proved very effective."
In this construction the gas and air are supplied to a small casing R through an
air pipe or inlet q¹ communicating with a peripheral annular passager within the
casing, and the reservoir X communicates with said casing R through the pipe S
and port t all arranged as shown in Fig. 3. Within the casing slides the valve T
which is a hollow cylinder closed at one end and provided with a perforation or
port u and with a series of perforations or ports v arranged diagonally as shown
and in such relation to the port u, that when the latter corresponds fully with the
This is the position
port t all of the ports will correspond with the passage r.
to which the valve is adjusted when a full supply of gas and air is required. When
the speed of the engine increases and it is necessary to reduce the charge the port u
is carried across the port tand the ports are carried from the passage r so that
the supply both of air and gas to the reservoir is cut off in uniform proportion.
The area of the port u should be larger than the combined areas of the ports v
just in proportion as the amount of air to be supplied is to be larger than that of
the gas, and the arrangement and proportions of the ports and passages should be
such that the same proportion of air and gas are preserved whatever may be the
quantity or volume of the mixture which is allowed to flow to the reservoir. In
the construction shown the valve T derives its movements from the operation of
the rock shaft N which is provided with an arm U' connected to the valve, so that
the extent to which the valve T is adjusted will also correspond to the extent to
which the lift of the valve I is permitted. Thus is regulated not only the charge
which is allowed to pass from the reservoir into the power cylinder, but also the
volume of mixture admitted to the reservoir while at all times preserving the

page_text: relative proportions of air and gas, so that the most effective mixture is always
exploded with in the cylinder whatever may be the volume of the mixture, the
speed of the engine, or the work which it is performing. The device shown in
Fig. 3. may be used to regulate the volume of the charge by varying the pressure
in the reservoir which may be done by governing the amount of air and gas
admitted into the reservoir by the means described, while at at all times preserving
the relative proportions of the air and gas in the mixture. Thus if the engine is
moving too rapidly and the governor cuts off the flow of the gases through the
pipe S into the reservoir there will be less pressure in the said reservoir, and the
valve I will consequently be lifted to a less extent when the exhaust port is
opened and the charge admitted to the power cylinder is reduced with a consequent
reduction in the speed, while should the engine operate too slowly, the governor
will permit the gases to flow more freely into the reservoir, so that the pump will
take in a larger quantity at each stroke; the pressure within the reservoir will be
increased and the valve lifted to a greater extent upon the opening of the exhaust
and with a consequent increase in the volume of the charge and a greater effect
upon the explosion thereof.
It will be seen that the inlet S Fig. 2 is placed at a distance from the valve I
and this distance is made as great as practicable, so as to increase the time occupied
by the mixture in travelling from the inlet to the outlet port of the reservoir, for
it has been found that the force of the explosive mixture depends to a great extent
upon the intimacy with which the gas and air are mixed together and this intimate
admixture can be best effected by allowing them to remain in contact for a
considerable length of time rather than by mechanical means alone. As however
the stirring or working of the gases will aid in insuring their intimate admixture,
the pump communicates with the reservoir at a point between the inlet S and
valve I, so that the mixture is drawn first through one part of the reservoir and
into the working cylinder, and then forced from the working cylinder again into
the reservoir and so on back and forth, the gases being thereby worked or churned
together, and the reservoir X is made of greater capacity than the pump so that
the air and gas drawn in at each backward movement of the piston will be mixed
with the mixture already in the reservoir; each new charge admitted to the
working cylinder therefore will consist more or less of gases which have been
within the reservoir for a considerable length of time. In Figa. 7, 8 11, 12 and 13
are shown means for thoroughly mixing the air and gas by causing the air to pass
in a thin stream over a perforated pipe or plate through which the gas flows.
As one mode of carrying out this feature of the invention a supplemental
casing E is placed beneath the casing C to enclose a chamber Y which communicates
through ports b closed by a spring seated valve J with the reservoir X and through
ports d. closed by a spring seated valve K with the external atmosphere.
Between the ports d. and b is arranged a transverse case or tube F the top of
which is near the top of the chamber Y leaving a narrow channel w the said top
being perforated with minute openings, and the said tube F communicating with a
gas pipe L, the flow of gas through which is controlled according to the speed of
the engine by a governor M in any well known manner.
As one means of regulating the flow of gas to the pipe there is shown the pipe L
communicating with a valve case N Fig. 8, provided with a check valve g opening
upward the stem e of the valve extending through the top of the casing below an
arm P hung to a bracket h and provided with a lower inclined edge i.
A stud at the side of the arm P extends into an annular groove S in the end of
the moveable rod k of the governor, and the parts are arranged as shown in the
drawing, so that upon any increase in the speed of the engine, the arm P will
swing inward in the direction of its arrow, and cause the bevelled edge i to thereby
limit the upward movement of the valve g and the flow of gas to the pipe L, in
proportion to the increase of speed, thereby weakening the strength of the mixture
and the power of the explosion. .

page_text: .
As the piston B moves backward, a partial vacuum is created in the reservoir ✗
and the valves J and K are lifted, and the air is drawn through the ports d. and
through the contracted passage wover the gas tube F through the perforations in
which the gas is also drawn, and is caused to mix intimately with the air, thus
carried in a thin stream over the gas passage, and the mixture is carried through
the ports b into the reservoir X from which it flows into the power cylinder upon
the opening of the valve L
Upon the forward movement of the piston B the mixture is compressed in the
reservoir X, the valve J closing and preventing any back pressure in the gas tube
and the valve K closing and preventing the further entrance of air into the
chamber Y Instead of the arrangement described, two gas pipes or tubes may be
arranged opposite to each other, and perforated, as shown in Fig. 13. with a narrow
intervening passage, through which the stream of air flows, and with which the
gas mingles in an uniform distribution. As a means of preventing the rapid
inflow of the new charge the power cylinder may be provided with a series of
transverse deflector plates t Fig. 7 each arranged to extend with its rear edge to a
slight extent backward beyond the rear edge of the next lowest plate, and into
the channel or passage n through which the gaseous mixture passes from the
reservoir to the power cylinder, the said channel being at right angles to the said
plates so that as the mixture rushes upward through the channel n it will strike
successively the edges of the various plates, and first one portion and then another
of the mixture will be deflected and thrown outward causing an even distribution
of the charge across the area of the cylinder, reducing the speed with which the
charge will be thrown towards the exhaust and creating eddies and counter-
currents, which tend to retain the charge in the rear end of the cylinder, and
prevent any portion thereof from being projected through the spent gases to the
exhaust. The deflector plates may form the cross bars of a cast metal block Q
Figs. 11 and 12 circular in form and adapted to fit in the rear end of the cylinder
and the rear portion of the said block being cut away so as to form with the rear
head of the cylinder, the channel n.
It is common in gas engines to interpose between the power cylinder, and the
reservoir, layers of wire gauze or other inaterial with the view of preventing the
back passage of fame to the reservoir.
This is not always effective and interferes with the free flow of the charge to
the power cylinder. By admitting a small volume of fresh air into the passage
through which the charge must flow from the reservoir, to the power cylinder, in
such manner that the fresh air charge shall travel ahead of the gas charge,
the passage of flame backward to the said gas charge is not only effectually
prevented but the passage is kept clear of spent gases so as to prevent the new
charge from being diluted by such gases, especially in proximity to the igniter,
thereby insuring certainty in the explosion, while if there should be any burning
gases, in the passage, the fresh air will extinguish the same before the explosive
mixture is brought in contact therewith.
One mode of securing the introduction of the layer, volume or body of fresh
air is illustrated in Fig. 2 in which is shown a casing V provided with an inlet
valve 3 and communicating through a tube 14 with the gas passage at the end of
the reservoir just below the valve I The stem of the valve 3 is provided with a
nut 5 and a spring 4 whereby a spring pressure may be applied to the valve, which
pressure is so regulated as to permit the valve to lift easily when the piston B
moves back creating a partial vacuum in the reservoir, when a current of air will
flow into the passage or space below the valve I, and when the valve lifts from
pressure in the reservoir the air will be carried ahead of the charge through the
channel i and port with the result before described.
It will be apparent that the valve 3 may be lifted positively or automatically,
as may also the valve I and in some instances the limited volume of air may be
injected into the channel through a port or opening above the valve I by means
of a pump, or in any suitable way. In carrying out some features of the invention,

page_text: the charge may be forced directly into the power cylinder by the action of a pump.
or measuring and injecting apparatus. Different forms of governors or valve
controlling devices may be used, as may different means be employed for auto-
matically regulating the flow of the charge from the reservoir or other chamber to
the power cylinder, according to the work to be done. It will be evident that a
pump separate from the power cylinder may be used for forcing the gases under
pressure into the charge or storage reservoir.
In Fig. 1 is illustrated an electric generator, and means of driving the same, and
of completing the circuit at intervals to create a spark within the power cylinder;
but any kind of igniter can be used.
The usual flame igniter may be used in the improved engine or an electrical
igniter in which the spark jumps between two electrodes as shown in Figs. 2 and 7,
the current being generated from a magneto generator as shown in Fig. 1 in which,
to insure positive action, and a change in the rapidity of vibrations of the circuit
breaker or rheotome at different speeds, the said circuit breaker is vibrated by
being connected to an arm reciprocated by an eccentric on the armature shaft.
Instead of permitting the spark to jump between fixed electrodes one of the latter
may be moveable and by arranging it to be moved from the piston, the friction,
breakage, and other objections incident to outside operating devices are avoided.
Thus in Fig. 5° there is a fixed insulated electrode 8 in connection with the wire 8¹
and a lever electrode t held in contact with the electrode s by a spring u the lever
being in electrical connection with the frame of the engine to which the wire t' is
attached at any point.
An arm w projects from the piston and strikes the lever t to vibrate it and
break the contact between the electrodes as the piston reaches its rear position,
thus causing a spark.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is
1. The combination substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the power cylinder
of a gas engine provided with an inlet port, and with an exhaust port at a distance
from the inlet port a power piston which passes across the exhaust port on its
forward movement from the inlet port, and a deflector arranged in the vicinity of
the inlet port to prevent the direct passage of the charge from the inlet to the
exhaust port substantially as set forth.
2. The combination of a cylinder provided with inlet and outlet ports near its
opposite ends with an intermediate deflector arranged to be struck by the inflowing
gases to prevent the direct passage thereof to the outlet port substantially as
described.
3. The combination of a cylinder having inlet and outlet ports, a reservoir or
chamber, and means for supplying the same with mixed gases under pressure, and
a deflector arranged within the cylinder in position to be struck by the inflowing
gases substantially as set forth.
4. The combination with the cylinder and head of a gas engine, of a detachable
block fitting within the cylinder, and provided with a port and passage substantially
as described.
5. The combination with the cylinder and reservoir of a gas engine of a con-
necting passage a valve in said passage, and a governor and connections whereby
the extent or time of lifting the valve is varied by the governor according to the
speed of the engine.
6. The combination of the power cylinder, means of igniting the charge therein,
reservoir, connecting passage, valve, operated by the fluid, provided with a stem
and spring governor, and wedge controlled by the governor substantially as
described.
"
7. The combination with the the reservoir of a valve casing provided with
air and gas inlet ports of areas proportioned to the desired relative proportions of

page_text: air and gas, and a valve constructed to open and close both ports simultaneously
to regulate the volume of the gas, without altering the proportions substantially
as described.
8. The combination with the power cylinder and reservoir of a valve casing, and
valve constructed to regulate the volume without altering the relative proportions
of the gases a valve in the passage between the reservoir and cylinder and a
governor, and connections between the governor and both valves, whereby the
volume of mixed gases admitted to the reservoir, and that of the mixture
discharged into the cylinder is regulated by the governor, substantially as set
forth.
9. The combination with the reservoir and the power cylinder of a valve casing
provided with ports p. r. t and a valve having ports vu of different areas,
constructed and arranged to maintain the relative areas of the gas and air
ports whatever may be the extent to which the valve is opened, substantially as
described.
10. The combination with the power cylinder and reservoir of an air port and
valve arranged to admit a volume of fresh air. ahead of each new charge passing
from the reservoir to the cylinder substantially as set forth.
11. The mode described of preventing the ignition of an explosive mixture
within a chamber or reservoir communicating with the power cylinder of a gas
engine, the same consisting in admitting a limited volume of air between the
spent gases retained in the power cylinder and each new charge drawn from
the reservoir substantially as described.
12. The method of operating a gas engine which consists in interposing a
strata or layer of air between the spent gases retained in the power cylinder
and each successive charge substantially as described.
13. The method of operating a gas engine, which consists in admitting a
limited supply of air to the induction passage of the power cylinder in advance
of each successive charge of explosive mixture, whereby a non-combustible fluid
body is interposed between the gases retained in the cylinder and the gaseous
mixture in the reservoir, substantially as described.
14. The method of operating a gas engine, which consists in drawing a limited
supply of air into a reservoir containing a gaseous mixture and admitting said air
to the power cylinder between the spent gases retained therein and the working
charge drawn from the reservoir substantially as described.
15. The combination with the power cylinder and piston, and with a chamber or
reservoir of a valve arranged between the cylinder and reservoir, and means sub-
stantially as described for supplying the reservoir with an explosive mixture under
pressure, and for varying the pressure of the mixture in the reservoir according to
the work to be done, substantially as specified.
16. The combination with the power cylinder and piston, reservoir, connecting
passage, loaded valve in said passage, and gas and air supply pipe or pipes, of a
pump connected to force an explosive mixture of the air and gas into the reservoir
under pressure, and a governor and valve substantially as described for auto-
matically varying the supply of air and gas to the reservoir according to the work
to be done substantially as set forth.
17. The combination with the power cylinder and piston, reservoir communicating
therewith, loaded valve, pump, gas and air inlets and governor, of a valve con-
nected and controlled by said governor and constructed to regulate the flow of the
gas and air to the reservoir without varying the relative proportions thereof
substantially as described.
18. The combination with the power cylinder and piston reservoir communicating
with the cylinder, pump, gas and air inlet, and governor and valve substantially as
described, for regulating the admission of gas and air to the reservoir according
to the work to be done, of a valve in the passage between the cylinder and
reservoir and means for varying the load upon said valve substantially as
described.
4

page_text: 19. The combination with the power cylinder and piston, of a pump, gas and
air inlets, and reservoir communicating with the pump to insure a churning or
mixing action of the pump upon the gases substantially as set forth.
20. The combination with the power cylinder and piston, reservoir communi-
cating with the cylinder through a channel provided with a loaded valve and
pump whereby the gas and air are introduced into the reservoir; the inlet for the
gas and air being at the end of the reservoir opposite to that at which the loaded
valve is situated, substantially as described.
21. The combination with the power cylinder and piston reservoir, loaded valve
in a channel between the reservoir and cylinder, inlet port communicating with
the reservoir and pump communicating with the reservoir through an unobstructed
passage arranged between the inlet port and the loaded valve substantially as
described.
22. The combination with a casing or reservoir, and with a pump for exhausting
the contents thereof, of a perforated pipe or tube communicating with a gas pipe
and arranged between an air port and a port communicating with the reservoir,
to leave a narrow air passage adjacent to the perforations in the gas pipe
substantially as set forth.
23. The combination with a casing or reservoir having an inlet provided with
a valve, of a casing provided with an air inlet, and narrow air passage between the
air inlet and the valve, and a gas pipe communicating with perforations opposite
the said narrow passage substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
24. The combination of a power cylinder and piston, a reservoir having an
inlet opening and valve, a casing provided with an air inlet opening and valve,
and a perforated tube communicating with a gas pipe and arranged between the
two valves opposite a narrow passage and a governor and valve controlling the
flow of gas to the gas pipe substantially as described.
25. The combination with a power cylinder and piston and with a pump, of a
perforated gas pipe arranged opposite a narrow passage through which the air is
supplied to the pump, substantially as described.
26. The combination with the power cylinder, provided with a lateral inlet port,
of a series of deflector plates, each projecting into the inlet port at the rear edge
to a slight extent further than the next lower plate substantially as, and for the
purpose described.
27. The combination with a power cylinder and air and gas pipes or ports,
of a valve casing communicating with the gas pipe and provided with a valve and
a stem extending through the casing, a governor and an arm connected, to be
operated by the governor, and provided with a bevelled edge, arranged opposite to
the end of the valve stem substantially as set forth.
28. The combination with fixed and moveable electrodes in the cylinder of a gas
engine, of a piston operating the moveable electrode substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
°
29. In a gas engine, a circuit breaker adapted to be operated in a positive manner
ubstantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this second day of September 1885.