Fibrous Materials.
Year: 1888

page_text: -
Fibrous Materials.
We JAMES WHALEY SHEPHERD and WILLIAM AYRTON both of the Gorebrook Iron-
works Longsight, Manchester in the county of Lancaster Engineers and Machinists
and THOMAS SCHOFIELD WHITWORTH of 122 Broughton Lane, Lower, Broughton
Manchester in the county of Lancaster Machinist do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to carding-engines for carding cotton and other fibrous
materials.
The first part of our invention consists in arrangements by means of which the cotton
or other fibre is more thoroughly and efficiently carded than heretofore.
66
"
In carrying this part of our invention into effect we place beneath the "taker in
roller" of the carding-engine another roller which we shall hereinafter refer to as the
carding roller the circumference of which is in contact or nearly in contact with
the "taker in roller" above mentioned and the main cylinder of the carding-engine.
Between the "taker in roller" and the "carding roller" above mentioned and the
main cylinder of the carding-engine we place a guide or guides secured to the "side-
framings" of the.carding-engine.
We form upon or secure to the guide or one of the guides above mentioned, teeth
or serrations. Any "lumps" of cotton or other fibrous material carried by the "taker
in roller from the feed-rollers or feed-roller and dish will be removed from such
"taker in roller" by the "carding roller" and be carried by such."
carding roller"
to the serrations or teeth before mentioned, through which serrations or teeth the cotton
or other fibre is drawn by the "wire" of the main cylinder, the teeth or serrations and
the "wire" of the "carding roller" and main cylinder operating to open and comb the
cotton or other fibre.
In order that the "carding roller" may be adjusted relatively to the main cylinder
and "taker in roller" we form slots in the "side framings" of the carding-engine
such slots being curved so as to correspond with the card surface of the main
cylinder.

page_text: 23
According to a further part of our invention. we mount the axle of the "taker
in roller" and the feed-rollers or the feel-roller and the dish used in conjunction there with
and the axle or axles of the roller or rollers upon which the "lap is supported upon
a bracket or brackets capable of being slidden
upon the
side framings" of the
carding-engine by means of a rack and pinion or racks and pinions or by other
convenient means. By so mounting the "taker in roller" the feed-rollers or feed-
roller and dish and the roller or rollers which supports or support the "lap" we are
enabled to withdraw the "taker in roller" from the main cylinder in order to
examine or set the "carding roller" and guide or guides and serrations or teeth
and to afterwards replace the "taker in roller" and the feed-rollers or feed-roller and
dish into their respective working positions.
A further part of our invention relates to the carding-engines in which "flexible
bends" are employed, and this part of our invention consists in arrangements by
which such "flexible bends" can be more readily and accurately adjusted in re-
lation to the card surface of the main cylinder than has hitherto been possible. Instead
of forming the "flexible bend" in one piece as has hitherto been done we form
the "flexible bend" in two or more portions each of which is secured to the "bend
or other convenient and suitable part of the carding-engine and adjust.each portion
of such flexible bend to the card surface of the main cylinder by means of screws. In
some cases in order that the "flexible bend" may form a continuous or nearly con-
tinuous surface we cause the adjacent ends of the portions of the "flexible bend" to
overlap by the side of each other.
D
A 1.000..

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in Carding Engines for Carding Cotton and other
Fibrous Materials.
We JAMES WHALEY SHEPHERD and WILLIAM AYRTON both of the Gorebrook Iron-
works, Longsight, Manchester in the County of Lancaster Engineers and Machinists
and THOMAS SCHOFIELD WHITWORTH of 122 Broughton Lane, Lower Broughton,
Manchester in the County of Lancaster Machinist do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly.
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The first part of our invention consists in arrangements by means of which the
cotton or other fibre is more thoroughly and efficiently carded than heretofore.
In carrying this part of our invention into effect we place beneath the taker in
roller, of the carding-engine another roller which we shall hereinafter refer to as
the "carding roller," the circumference of which is in contact or nearly in contact
with the "taker in" roller above mentioned and the main cylinder of the carding-
engine. Between the "taker in" roller and the carding-roller above mentioned and
the main cylinder of the carding-engine we place a guide or guides secured to the.
"side framings" of the carding-engine. We form upon or secure to the guide or one
of the guides above mentioned, teeth or serrations.
.
Any lumps of cotton or other fibrous material carried by the taker in roller from
the feed-rollers or feed-roller and dish will be removed from such "taker in roller "
by the "carding-roller" and be carried by such "carding-roller" to the serrations
or teeth before mentioned through which serrations or teeth the cotton or other fibre
is drawn by the "wire of the main cylinder the teeth or serrations and the
"wire of the carding-roller and the main cylinder operating to open and comb the
cotion or other fibre.
"
In order that the "carding-roller " may be adjusted relatively to the main cylinder
and "taker in roller" we form slots in the side-framings of the carding-engine, such
slots being curved so as to correspond with the card surface of the main cylinder.
This part of our invention is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawing in which Fig. 1 is a side view and Fig. 2 a longitudinal section of a portion
of a carding-engine. The same letters of reference are applied to corresponding parts
in Figs.. and 2. In Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing a, a are the side-
framings of the carding-engine, is the main cylinder of the carding-engine, c the
"taker in roller" and d the feed-roller which feed roller d acts in conjunction with
the dish e to feed the cotton or other fibrous material to be operated upon to the
taker in roller c. Although the feed-roller d is shown as operating in conjunction
with a dish e two feed-rollers may be employed and in such cases the dish e may be
dispensed, with. is the roller which according to the first part of our invention we
place beneath the taker in roller c and shall hereinafter refer to as the carding-
«

page_text: י,
rollerf. The circumference of the "carding-roller" is in contact or nearly in
contact with the "taker in roller c and the main cylinder b. g is the guide which
we place between the taker in roller c, the carding-roller and the main cylinder b of
the carding-engine. Teeth or serrations are formed upon or secured to the edge g' of
the guide g. The axle of the roller is supported at each end by brackets h, each
supported and adjusted in position by means of set-screws j, j, j each of which rests
against a projecting part or lug upon one of the side-framings a a of the carding-
engine. By means of the set-screws ; the brackets. h may be adjusted in vertical
position and by means of the set-screws j¹ j the brackets h may be adjusted in the
direction of the length of the carding-engine. When adjusted into position each of
the brackets h may be secured to one of the side-framings a, a of the carding-engine
by means of a bolt k passing through such bracket h and through the said side-
framing a. In order that the carding-roller may-be adjusted in position slots A are
formed through the side-framings a, a of the carding-engine. The slots A are formed
curved to correspond with the card surface of the main cylinder so that when
required the carding-roller f may be readily removed from the carding-engine. The
guide is supported by means of brackets each of which is supported in guides.m
formed upon or secured to one of the side-framings a, a of the carding-engine and is
adjusted into position by means of a screw and when adjusted into position is secured
to the said side-framing by means of a bolt o The feed roller d is caused to revolve
in, the direction indicated by the arrow B, the taker in roller c is caused to revolve in
the direction indicated by the arrow C and the main cylinder 6 is caused to revolve in
the direction indicated by the arrow D. The carding-roller is provided with card
wire or teeth which must be made to incline in the direction in which it or they is or
are indicated in the accompanying drawing as being inclined. The carding-roller is
caused to revolve in the direction indicated by the arrow E at such speed that the
surface speed of the card surface or teeth upon the carding-roller in the direction
indicated by the arrow F shall be less than the surface speed of the card surface of
the taker in roller c in the direction indicated by the arrow F. The cotton or other
fibrous material to be operated upon is supplied to the dishe and feed-roller d from
the "lap" G which rests upon the rollers which are as usual caused to revolve in
the directions indicated by the arrows H respectively. The feed-roller d acting in
conjunction with the dish e supplies the cotton or other fibrous material to the card
surface of the taker in roiler c by which such cotton or other fibrous material is
removed from the feed roller d and dish e and carried past the usual "taker-in roller
knivès 7. If lumps or more than a certain quantity of cotton or other fibrous
material are or is supplied by the feed roller d to any portion of the card surface of
the taker in roller c the teeth or wires of the card surface of the taker in roller c will
in passing the teeth or wires of the card surface of the carding-roller f deliver a
portion of the cotton or other fibrous material to the card surface of the carding-
roller by which the said portion of cotton or other fibrous material is carried along
and past the lower surface g² of the guide g to the edge g₁ of such guide g at which
place the said portion of cotton or other fibrous material being brought into contact
with the card surface of the main cylinder b will be removed from the card surface of
the carding-roller and being drawn over or through the serrations or teeth upon the
edge of the guide will be "carded" or opened and combed. By the lumps or
excessive quantities of cotton or other fibrous material delivered to the card surface of
the taker in roller c by the feed-roller d, being delivered to the card surface of the
carding-roller and being combed or carded over the edge of the guide g the
cotton or other fibrous material supplied to the carding-engine is more thoroughly,
efficiently and uniformly "carded" than in carding-engines as hitherto constructed. The
guide g which is shown detached and in cross section in Fig. 5 is required to be adjusted
in position so that its surfaces g³, g* shall be respectively nearly in contact with the card
surface of the main cylinder 6 and the card surface of the taker in roller c and the
carding-roller is required to be adjusted so that the card surface of such carding-
roller shall be in contact or nearly in contact with the card surface of the taker in

page_text: roller and the card surface of the main cylinder and nearly in contact with the
surface g of the guide g. The carding roller may with advantage be so adjusted in
relation to the guide that the space between the card surface of the carding-roller f
and the surface g of the guide g may be less as the edge g of the guide gis
approached. Although one guide g is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawing, as being used and provided with surfaces 92, 93, 9 two or three guides may
be used in place of such guide 9 and be each provided with one or two surfaces to
serve in place of the surfaces 92, 93, 9' of the guide g, and if two or three guides are
used in place of the guide each. of such guides must be provided with means by
which it may be adjusted as and when required in relation to the main cylinder b, the
taker in roller c and the carding roller in conjunction with which the said guide is
used and serrations or teeth may be formed upon or secured to the edge which
corresponds to the edge gl of the guide g.
Although we have above described the edge gl of the guide g or the edge
corresponding to the edge g' of the guide gas being provided with teeth or
serrations formed upon or secured to such edge, the edge g of the guide g or the
edge corresponding to the edge g¹ of the guide g may be without teeth or serrations
but when no teeth or serrations are formed upon the said edge the carding action of
the card surface of the main cylinder b, the card surface of the carding-roller and
the guide g or the guide used in place of the guide g is not so efficient as when the
said edge is provided with teeth or serrations.
A suitable casing secured at its ends to the side-framings a a of the carding-.
engine is placed beneath the carding-roller f.
According to a further part of our invention we mount the axle of the taker in
roller and the feed rollers or the feed roller and the dish used in conjunction therewith
and the axle or axles of the roller or rollers upon which the "lap" is supported, upon
a bracket or brackets capable of being slidden upon the side-framings of the carding-
engine by means of a rack and pinion or racks and pinions or by other convenient
means. By so mounting the "taker in roller," the feed rollers or feed roller and
dish and the roller or rollers which supports or support the "lap" we are enabled to
withdraw the "taker in roller" from the main cylinder in order to examine or set
the "carding-roller" and guide or guides and serrations or teeth and to afterwards
replace the "taker in roller" and the feed-rollers or feed-roller and dish into their
respective working positions.
This part of our invention is also illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawing and by Fig. 3 thereof which is a transverse section of so much of a
carding-engine as is requisite to illustrate this part of our invention.
S. S. are brackets each of which is mounted upon one of the side-framings a a of
the carding-engine:
The side-framings a a are provided with surfaces a' upon which the brackets S. S.
which are provided with surfaces adapted to slide upon the surfaces a¹ are mounted.
Each of the brackets S. S. is provided with a toothed rack t. u, u, are toothed
pinions each adapted to gear into or engage with one of the toothed racks t.
The pinions u, u are mounted upon a shaft v passing through and mounted in
bearings formed in the side-framings a, a, or in brackets or parts formed upon or
secured to the side-framings a, a. The brackets S. S are provided with parts or ribs
which engaging with parts or ribs formed upon or secured to the side-framings, a. a
guide the said brackets S. S. when such brackets S. S. are being slidden upon the
side-framings a, a. The pedestals c' which support the axle of the taker in roller c
are mounted upon the brackets S S. The pedestals d' supporting the axle of the
feed-roller d are also mounted upon the brackets S. S. upon which are also mounted
the dish e, the casing beneath the taker in roller c, the brackets q' supporting the
"taker in roller knives" q and the rollers p which support the "lap" G. The parts
carried by the brackets S. S. are provided with all necessary means for the adjustment
of such parts. When the shaft v is by means of a handle mounted upon one of the
ends of such shaft v or in any other suitable manner turned in the direction indicated
by the arrow J the pinions u, u, acting upon the racks t, twill cause the

page_text: brackets S, S to be moved in the direction indicated by the arrow K so that the taker
in roller c will be moved away from the main cylinder b so that the carding-roller f
and the guide g or guides described in reference to the first part of our invention,
may be readily examined or "set." The two pinions u, u, acting upon the two
racks t, t cause the brackets S, S to be moved in a direction parallel to the length of
the carding-engine.. After the brackets S, S have as above described been moved in
the direction indicated by the arrow K they may when required be moved in the
contrary direction; by the shaft. being turned in a direction opposite to that
indicated by the arrow J until the taker in roller c has been brought as close as may
be necessary to the main cylinder. b. and the guide g or guides used in conjunction
with the carding-roller..above mentioned. By means of set-screws or bolts w
passing through slots in the flanges or parts S¹ of the brackets.S, S and, screwed into
or passing through holes or slots in the flanges or parts a² of the side-framings a, a
the brackets S. S. may be secured to the side-framings a, a when the taker in roller.c
is in. proper working position, and by means of, such set-screws or bolts w the
brackets S, S may be prevented from, being moved beyond a certain distance in the
direction indicated by the arrow K.
If as above mentioned two feed-rollers are employed in place of the feed roller d
and. dish e the axles of such feed: rollers are mounted in bearings in brackets or
pedestals mounted upon the brackets S, S and if in place of the rollers p, p, one
roller only is employed to, support the "lap" G from which cotton or other fibrous
material is supplied to the feed-roller d and dish e or feed-rollers of the carding-
engine the axle of the roller employed to support the "lap" is mounted in bearings
in brackets or pedestals mounted upon the brackets S. S. In some cases in place of
racks t, t; and pinions;u, u, being employed to move the brackets S. S. screws or
other convenient means may be employed for such purpose and. when two screws are
employed they may be connected by gearing or in any other suitable manner so that
they may be caused to revolve simultaneously and to the same extent.
In some cases instead of employing the two brackets S. S. as indicated in Figs. 1.
2 and 3 of the accompanying drawing we employ one bracket so constructed as to be
capable of being moved upon the side-framings a. a in a manner analogous to that in
which the brackets S. S. are moved upon the side-framings a. a. and in such cases, we
may employ a single pinion and rack or a single screw or other convenient means to
move such bracket. This part of our invention is also applicable to carding-engines
in which no carding-roller f.and guide g or guides such as are above described are
employed.
29
The above, described parts, of our invention are applicable to carding-engines of
the kind in which "rollers" and "clearers are employed and to carding-engines of
the kinds in which "revolving flats." or "stationary Hats" are employed.
32
"
A further part of our invention relates. to the carding-engines in which "flexible
bends are employed and this part of our invention consists in arrangements by
which such "flexible bends
can be more readily and accurately adjusted in relation to
the card surface of the main cylinder than has hitherto been possible. Instead of
forming the "flexible bend." in one piece, as has hitherto been done we form the
"flexible bend" in two or more portions each of which is secured to the bend or
other convenient and suitable part of the carding-engine and adjust each portion of
such "flexible bend" to the card surface of the main cylinder by means of screws.;
In some cases in order that the flexible bend" may form a continuous or nearly
continuous surface we cause the adjacent ends of the portions of the "flexible bend"
to overlap by the side of each other.
This part of our invention is illustrated in Fig.. 4 of the accompanying drawing
which is a side view of a "flexible bend" constructed according to this part of our
invention. In Fig. 4 is the "flexible bend." The flexible bend," shown in
Fig. 4 is formed in two, portions and ². The portion of the "flexible bend".
is secured to the bend or other convenient and suitable part of the carding-engino
by means of
bolt and a screw or other suitable means, by means of which the
portion of the flexible bend x may be adjusted in position relative to the card

page_text: "
surface of the main cylinder of the carding-engine and the portion ² of the "flexible
bend' e is secured to the bend, or other convenient and suitable part of the carding-
engine by means of a bolt and a screw or other suitable means by means of which
the portion of the "flexible benda may be adjusted in position relative to the
card surface of the main cylinder. The end of the portion of the "flexible
bend"
is adjusted into and held in the required position in any suitable manner by
means of a bracket provided with suitable screws and secured to the bend or other
convenient and suitable part of the carding-engine. The end of the portion of
the "flexible bend" is adjusted into and held in the required position-in any suitable
manner by means of a bracket provided with suitable screws and secured to the bend
or other convenient and suitable part of the carding-engine. The adjacent ends, a
of the portions of the "flexible bend" are also adjusted into and held in the
required position in any suitable manner by means of a bracket provided with suitable
screws and secured to the bend or other convenient and suitable part of the carding-
engine. The adjacent ends of the portions of the "flexible bend
so formed and placed that they, overlap.by the side of each other as will be readily
understood, in order that the flexible bend" may present a continuous or nearly
continuous surface but in some cases. it is not necessary that the said adjacent
ends, of the portions 1, 2 of the "flexible bend should overlap by the side.
of each other. In some cases the adjacent ends a³, of the portions a¹, of the
flexible bend" may be adjusted into and secured in position by means of separate
brackets each provided with suitable screws and secured to the bend or other con-
venient and suitable part of the carding-engine.
"
are
The "flexible bend" shown in Fig. 4 is shown as being formed in two portions a¹
and but instead of being formed in two portions a "flexible bend" constructed
according to this part of our invention may be formed in three or more portions
the adjacent ends of adjacent portions of the "flexible bend" being if desired, caused
to overlap by the side of each other as do those of the portions r¹, 2 of the "flexible
bend" shown in Fig. 4 and means of adjustment being provided at the middle
and at each end of each portion of the "flexible bend."
Instead of being supported and adjusted at each end and in the middle as herein-
before described each portion of a "flexible bend" constructed according to this part
of our invention may be supported and adjusted at other parts also in its length.
By the employment of this part of our invention each "flexible bend" while being
rendered more easily and accurately adjustable in relation to the card surface of the
main cylinder in conjunction with which it is employed is rendered capable of being
made at the same time somewhat stiffer throughout its length than the weaker parts
of the "flexible bends " hitherto employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
<
1. In a carding-engine the combination of a carding-roller" such as f and a
guide such as 9 or guides used in place of the guide g, employed, arranged and
operating in conjunction with the taker in roller and main cylinder of the carding-
engine substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described in
reference to and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing.
2. In a carding-engine, brackets such as S. S. or a bracket equivalent to the
brackets S. S. arranged and employed substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described in reference to and indicated in and by Figs. 1. 2 and 3 of the accompanying
drawing and for the purpose of enabling the taker in roller, "taker in roller knives,"
feed-rollers or feed-roller and dish and the other parts employed in conjunction with
the taker in roller of the carding-engine; to be moved away from the main cylinder
and moved back into working position as may be required.
3. For use in a carding-engine a "flexible bend" such as that hereinbefore described
formed in two or more portions each of which is secured to the bend or other con-
venient and suitable part of the carding-engine and adjusted into and held in position

page_text: relative to the card surface of the main cylinder of the carding-engine; substantially
in the manner and for the purpose herein before described.
4. For use in a carding-engine a "flexible bend" consisting of two or more
portions which portions are so formed and placed that the adjacent ends of adjacent
portions of the said "flexible bend" overlap by the side of each other substantially
in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore described in reference to and
indicated in and by Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawing..
Dated this Tenth day of January 1889.