IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR THE ANNEALING OF BOTTLES AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES SUCH AS BAKING OR BURNING EARTHENWARE AND LIKE MATERIALS AND IN THE TRUCKS USED THEREIN PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Dan Rylands of Hope Glass Works, Stairfoot near Barnsley,
Glass Manufacturer, and Richard Potter, of Dearne Terrace, Stairfoot aforesaid,
Furnace Builder, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS
FOR THE ANNEALING OF BOTTLES AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES SUCH AS
BAKING OR BURNING EARTHENWARE AND LIKE MATERIALS AND IN THE TRUCKS
USED THEREIN
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Dan Rylands and Richard
Potter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1883.
DAN RYLANDS of Hope Glass Works Stairfoot near Barnsley, Glass Manufacturer,
and RICHARD POTTER of Dearne Terrace, Stairfoot aforesaid, Furnace Builder,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR THE ANNEALING OF BOTTLES AND FOR
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES, SUCH AS BAKING OR BURNING EARTHENWARE AND LIKE
MATERIALS AND IN THE TRUCKS USED THEREIN."
-
According to our Invention, we construct a long arched kiln or oven of suitable
refractory material.-This kiln or oven is widest at the part where the greatest
heat is required, and narrowest at the delivery or cooling end.-On the bottom or
floor of this arched kiln or oven, we lay or fix flat bottomed iron or steel rails,
which may either be at a suitable inclination towards the delivery end, or may be
level These rails are held in position by a suitably formed brick floor. For
containing and carrying the bottles or other goods to be annealed or burnt, we
construct trucks of special shape or design-On two pairs of iron or steel wagon
wheels we fix or mount by means of suitable iron pedestals a truck bottom of cast
or wrought iron.-On this cast or wrought iron bottom, we build or place a
sufficient quantity of fire brick or other refractory material We also build up one
side and the two ends of each truck, with fire brick lumps or quarries of special
shape, and having circular holes formed vertically through them, so that a sufficient
number of strong iron bolts can be passed through the holes in these fire brick
lumps or quarries, and also through corresponding holes formed round the two ends
and one side of iron bottom of truck.-The top course of lumps or quarries at the
side and two ends of each truck have formed in them a groove, or recess at the top,
to receive a flat iron strap, which strap has holes formed in it, to correspond with
the holes formed through the quarries, and through the truck bottom.-This groove
or recess is deep enough to allow the heads of the bolts, which hold the truck
Price Bd11

page_text: together to lay on the top of the flat iron strap, and also to allow of a layer of firo
clay or other refractory material laying at top of the bolt heads and the strap, so ag
to protect them from the action of the fire.-The iron strap which lays in groove at
top of the side of truck overlaps the two iron straps, which occupy a similar position
at the ends, and the corner bolts pass through both these straps thus tending to
materially strengthen each truck. All the bolts are tightly secured and held in
position by means of nuts which are screwed on them at underside of the iron bottom
of truck, and as these bolts pass vertically through the quarries or lumps formning
the fire brick side and ends of the trucks, they in conjunction with the flat iron
straps hold the side and ends of truck securely and firmly together.-We construct
our improved arch or kiln with firing holes at one side only, and form a trench or
trough or grate for holding the fire, which trench extends from the receiving end of
arch for a distance of about two thirds of the entire length of the arch.-The fire in
such trench is fed through firing holes, and the trucks to contain the bottles are
arranged so that the side which is built up is furthest from the fire, thus leaving
the truck perfectly open, so that the bottles or other wares to be burnt or annealed
may be easily placed therein.-According to our Invention we construct an arch.or
kiln as before described, of a sufficient length to allow of the bottles that are placed
in these trucks being at least 24 hours in the arch, during which time they are
passed forward by stages towards the cooling or delivery end, and as each truck is
passed out at the cooling or delivery end, a truck is passed in at the receiving end-
The arch or kiln is also long enough to allow of one or more trucks being gradually
heated sufficiently hot to be ready for receiving the bottles or other wares as they
are made. In order to secure n sufficiency of heat near the delivery end, we
construct in centre of arch or kiln a chimney sufliciently near the delivery end to
accomplish this purpose-We also construct chimnies over the firing holes, and
provide all chimnies with suitable dampers for regulating draught.-The ends of
the arch or kiln are closed by means of sliding or folding doors made of iron.-By
preference we construct our arch or kiln of n sufficient length to hold ten of tho
trucks made according to our Invention, and we have four trucks at outside of
kiln, so as to allow time for taking out the bottles when annealed.-We also form
at back of our arch a rail or tramway for passing the trucks from the delivery end
back to the receiving end, and at each end of our rails we have traversers for
changing the trucks from one set of rails to the other, as will be well understood―
When it is required to take out the two trucks nearest the delivery end, the door
or doors at the receiving end are opened, and two empty trucks attached to the ten
trucks that are in.-Then the door or doors at the delivery end are opened, and
the two trucks nearest this end containing bottles which have passed through all
the stages of annealing, are drawn or forced out by any suitable means. They are
then detached from the other trucks, and the iron doors of the kiln, or arch again
closed. It will then be found that the two trucks last put in at the receiving ond
are in position for being heated to the proper temperature for receiving the bottles,
and that the two trucks previously heated are in position for receiving the bottles,
whilst the other trucks containing bottles have all been passed forward a stage
nearer the delivery end. We consider it a matter of special importance that the
delivery end of the arch should terminate in the sorting warehouse, so that the
bottles would not be exposed to the external atmosphere or to rain or frost at all.
This arrangement also saves the cost of wheeling the bottles from the kiln into
the warehouse. Our improved arrangements are applicable to heating on the
regenerative gas system, in which case we cause the gas to pass along the whole.
length where our trench or trough is constructed, but the use of gas would enable
us to dispense with this trench or trough

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Dan Rylands and Richard Potter in the Patent Office on the
18th February 1884.
"
DAN RYLANDS of Hope Glass Works Stairfoot near Barnsley, Glass Manufacturer
and RICHARD POTTER, of Dearne Terrace Stairfoot aforesaid, Furnace Builder
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR THE ANNEALING OF BOTTLES AND FOR
OTHER. LIKE PURPOSES, SUCH AS BAKING OR BURNING EARTHENWARE ETC, AND
IN THE TRUCKS USED THEREIN
"
According to our Invention we construct a long arched kiln or oven of suitable
refractory material.-This kiln or oven is widest at the part where the greatest
beat is required, and narrowest at the delivery or cooling end-On the bottom or
floor of the arched kiln or oven, we lay or fix flat bottomed iron or steel rails,
which may either be at a suitable inclination towards the delivery end, or may be
level These rails are held in position by a suitably formed brick floor.-For
containing and carrying the bottles or other goods to be annealed or burnt, we
construct trucks of special shape or design,-On two pairs of iron or steel wagon
wheels, we fix or mount by means of suitable iron pedestals a truck bottom of cast
or wrought iron.-On this cast or wrought iron bottom, we build or place a sufficient
quantity of fire brick or other refractory material.-We also build up one side
and the two ends of each truck with fire brick lumps or quarries of special shape,
and having circular holes formed vertically through them, so that a sufficient
number of strong iron bolts can be passed through the holes in these fire brick
lumps or quarries, and also through corresponding holes formed round the two ends
and one side of iron bottom of truck-The top course of lumps or quarries at
the side and two ends of each truck, have formed in them a groove or recess
at the top, to receive a flat iron strap, which strap has holes formed in it, to
correspond with the holes formed through the quarries and through the truck
bottom. This groove or recess is deep enough to allow the heads of the bolts
which hold the truck together to lay on the top of the flat iron strap, and also to
allow of a layer of fire clay or other refractory inaterial laying at top of the
bolt heads and the strap, so as to protect them from the action of the fire.-The
iron strap which lays in groove at top of the side of truck overlaps the two iron
straps which occupy a similar position at the ends, and the corner bolts pass
through both these straps, thus tending to materially strengthen each truck.-All
the bolts are tightly secured and held in position by means of nuts, which are
screwed on them at underside of the iron bottom of truck, and as these bolts pass
vertically through the quarries or lumps forming the fire brick side and ends of
the trucks, they, in conjunction with the flat iron straps, hold the side and ends of
truck securely and firmly together-We construct our improved arch or kiln with
firing holes at one side only, and form a trench or trough or grate for holding the
fire, which trench extends from the receiving end of arch for a distance of about
two thirds of the entire length of the arch. The fire in such trench is fed through
firing hole, and the trucks to contain the bottles are arranged. so that the side
which is built up is furthest from the fire, thus leaving the truck perfectly open,
so that the bottles or other wares to be burnt or annealed may be easily placed
therein.
According to our Invention, we construct an arch or kiln as before described of
a sufficient length to allow of the bottles that are placed in these trucks being at
least 24 hours in the arch, during which time they are passed forward by stages
towards the cooling or delivery end, and as each truck is passed out at the cooling
or delivery end, a truck is passed in at the receiving end.

page_text: The arch or kiln is also long enough to allow of one or more trucks being
gradually heated sufficiently hot to be ready for receiving the bottles or other
wares as they are made. In order to secure a sufficiency of heat near the delivery
end, we construct in centre of arch or kiln a chimney sufficiently near the delivery
end to accomplish this purpose
We also construct chimneys over the firing holes, and provide all chimnies with
suitable dampers for regulating draught.—The ends of the arch or kiln are closed
by means of sliding or folding doors made of iron
By preference, we construct our arch or kiln of a sufficient length to hold ten of
the trucks made according to our Invention, and we have four trucks at outside of
kiln, so as to allow time for taking out the bottles when annealed.-We also form
at back of our arch a rail or tramway for passing the trucks from the delivery
end back to the receiving end, and at each end of our rails, we liave traversers for
changing the trucks from one set of rails to the other, as will be well understood.
-When it is required to take out the two trucks nearest the delivery end, the
door or doors at the receiving end are opened, and two empty trucks attached to
the ten trucks that are in
Then the door or doors at the delivery end are opened, and the two trucks
nearest this end, containing bottles which have passed through all the stages of
annealing, are drawn or forced out by any suitable means.-They are then
detached from the other trucks, and the iron doors of the kiln or arch again
closed. It will then be found that the two trucks last put in at the receiving end
are in position for being heated to the proper temperature for receiving the bottles,
and that the two trucks previously heated are in position for receiving the bottles,
whilst the other trucks containing bottles have all been passed forward a stage
nearer the delivery end.-We consider it a matter of special importance that tho
delivery end of the arch should terminate in the sorting warehouse, so that the
bottles would not be exposed to the external atmosphere or to rain or frost at all.
This arrangement also saves the cost of wheeling the bottles from the kiln into
the warehouse. Our improved arrangements are applicable to heating on the
regenerative gas system, in which case we cause the gas to pass along the whole
length where our trench or trough is constructed, but the uso of gas would enable
us to dispense with the trench or trough
Having thus far described the nature and object of our said Invention, we will
now proceed by the aid of the accompanying drawings, to further and more
particularly describe and ascertain in what manner the same is to be performed or
carried out in practice that is to m
Fig. 1 is a sectional plan of the kiln; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal elevation partly in
section; Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken on line f. f., Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is an cud
elevation; Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken on line 9. g. Fig. 1.-Fig. G is a
transverse section of a truck Fig. 7 is an elevation showing ends of two trucks
coupled together. Fig. S is an enlarged section of a fire brick lump or quarry.
The kiln or oven A A¹ A' consists of a long arch, widest at the part A, where
the greatest heat is required, narrower at the part A, where less heat is required,
and narrowest at the part A, where the least is required, and whore the delivery
end of the kiln is situated.
The part A being the widest part of the kiln allows room for the trench or
trough c. c., in which are placed grate bars forming the grates d. d.
The narrower part of the arch A' does not allow of such a wide trench or trough
as the part A, therefore the grates d. d. in the trench c. c. of the part A¹ are not
of so large a surface as the grates d. d in the trench c..c. of part A-The fires in
the trench c. c, are fed through the firing holes d' dd, also through the holes d² d*,
which are also the holes through which the goods are passed and placed in the

page_text: trucks B..B, The firing holes d¹ d¹ d¹ have falling doors or covers placed or
'suspended over them, the holes 2 d², through which the goods pass, are in a frame
or cast iron door ³, made in the usual way. -Directly over each fire place is
erected a chimney h, with a damper h¹, and near the cooling or delivery end of the
arch; a chimney is built, with damper 1 directly over centre portion of the
arch A The ends of the arch or kiln are hermetically closed by the sliding
doors D D which doors are suspended by chains m, running over pulleys ml and
having balance weights m³ fastened to their extremities; at the bottom of the
sliding doors D, handles m³ m³ are fixed.-By preference the arch or kiln A A¹ A²
is made of a sufficient length to hold ten of the trucks B.-The first two trucks in
the arch or kiln,-i.e, those two nearest the door D at the widest end A, are being.
heated to the proper temperature to receive the bottles or other wares to be
annealed, at which temperature they are moved a stage lower down or nearer to
the delivery end A2, at which place they are in position for the reception of the
bottles or other wares to be annealed or calcined through the doors d³ d³; after
being filled with these, they are then moved another stage nearer the delivery,
end A (a stage comprises the length of two of the trucks B) it being understood'
that every time they are moved a stage, two trucks are admitted at the receiving
end A; after ten trucks have been thus admitted into the arch, two trucks are also
ejected at the delivery end A2-The delivery end of the kiln is made to terminate
in the warehouse P, where the trucks are discharged of their goods, and a general'
assortment of the annealed wares takes place.
This arrangement saves the bottles or wares from being exposed to the external
atmosphere or to rain or frost, as well as the cost of wheeling the goods from the
kiln into the warehouse neither is it necessary (as in the old style of kiln) for the.
bottle. drawers to enter the kiln while it is in a heated state-After the trucks B
are discharged of their goods, they are passed on to the traverser O, by which means
they are taken on to the back line of rails N₁, and passed along to the traverser O'.
at the receiving end of the kiln, and are thus brought up again to the mouth of the.
kiln, in which position they are in readiness for being put in-The trucks B are
mounted on two pairs of iron or steel wheels b₁, with iron or steel axles 62. The
ends of the axles 62 run in cast iron bearings 63, the bearings 6s being bolted to the
underside of the truck bottom b', which is made of either cast or wrought iron, but
preferably of cast iron, and is made in halves and bolted together by longitudinal
flanges On this cast or wrought iron bottom 6, two layers of fire bricks . i are
built up, then another layer 3 is built all round, thus leaving a recess or hollow i
and this hollow is filled with dry sand-The fire lumps or quarries 7, Fig. 8, are
built up on the top of these layers of fire bricks, ¹³i.e. on two ends and one
side only, thus leaving one side open, so that it will admit of goods being placed
therein.
Bolts pass through the fire lumps 7, and through the bricks i and bottom of
truck b, and are secured by nuts to the underside thereof.-The top rows of fire
blocks have a recess or grooves in which iron plates or straps 8' 8' are placed.-
The bolts pass through these straps as well as through the fire blocks r and
bottom of trucks.-The two longitudinal sides of the truck bottom b* have plates
projecting downwards these plates run in the grooves a. a., Figs 3 and 5; these
grooves being filled with dry sand. The plates t. are secured to the bottom of
trucks by suitable rivets or bolts-The trucks are coupled together by means of
bolts t¹ passing through eyes 2, and secured by nuts ť³
The grooves 8 in the fire blocks are preferably filled with dry sand, thus
covering the plates s'. 8. and the heads of the bolts and protecting them securely
from the fire
On sheet 2, we show our Invention for applying to our improved arrangements
the regenerative gas system for annealing or calcining the bottles or other wares
Fig. 9 is a sectional plan of the kiln.-Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional elevation
on line Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a transverse section on line v. v. Fig. 9.-The
bottoms of the regenerator chambers X X¹ are on a level with the underside of
.

page_text: bottom of truck B.,-thereby securing as much surface heat from the regenerator
chambers to the kilns as possible.-The arch u forming the top of the kiln is made
to rest on the outer wall of the regenerators X X-The valves R R are of ordinary
construction, and communicate with the regenerator chambers XX' through the
flues R R in the usual way Each chamber has flues or porta v, through which
any desired quantity of gas or air may be made to pass from the regenerators into
the parts c. c. of the kiln A A' A'
The portion of trench c. c. as shown is so filled up with fire brick, or other
refractory material as to form an incline c c The chimney Lover portion A' of
kiln has a damper for better regulating the heat in this portion of kiln.
The flue Z connects the regenerators to the main chimney draught and the
regenerators are worked on the usual well known regenerative gas system.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what wo claim is:-
(1.) The improvements in kilns or ovens for the annealing of bottles and for
other like purposes, substantially as described with regard to Figs. Nos 1 to 11,
sheets 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings
(2.) The arrangement, in combination with an arch or kiln, for annealing or
baking wares, of a firing trough or trench extending a suitable distance down one
sido only of such arch or kiln, such firing trough or trench being by preference
within the kiln, and arranged so that the flame cannot pass over the wares.
(3) The arrangement in combination with such arch or kiln of gas regenerators
within the arch or kiln, constructed and arranged as shown in Figs, 9, 10, and 11,
sheet 2, so that the gas flame plays along the side of the kiln, and does not come in
contact with the wares theroin
(4) The special construction of truck for holding wares to be annealed such
truck having two ends and one side formed of fire brick blocks specially shaped,
held and fastened together substantially as described and shown in the accom-
panying drawings.
(5). In combination with an arched kiln as described, the arrangement of a
covered in sorting warehouse at the delivery end and of a covered return railway,
for passing the empty trucks back to the receiving end, so that neither the annealed
wares nor the trucks are exposed to rain or frost.
In Witness whereof we the said Dan Rylands & Richard Potter have hereunto
set our hands and seals this Fourteenth day of February in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty four.
Witness: THOMAS GALLOWAY
101 Park Road
Barnsley
DAN RYLANDS
(LS.)
RICHARD POTTER (L.s.).