Improvements relating to Driving Apparatus for Paper-making and other Machinery.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Mar., 1899-Accepted, 17th June, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Driving Apparatus for Paper-making and
other Machinery.
::
A communication from abroad by TOWER and WALLACE, Mill Engineers, a Cor-
poration organised under the laws of the State of New York, and having, its
place of business at 1123, Broadway, New York City, New York, United
States of America.
I, JOHN CORRY FELL, of the Firm of Fell and James,, of 1, Queen Victoria
Street, London, EC., Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare, the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to, be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement;-
-The object of this invention is to provide a simple, durable and efficient driving
apparatus for paper-making plants or other mills, in which certain parts of the
machinery have to be driven at a constant speed, while the greater part, of the
plant or machinery has to be provided with means for driving the same at varying
speeds.
"
To this end; this invention consists of the arrangement and combinations of parts,
as hereinafter described; and more particularly pointed out in the claims at the
end of this specification.
In the accompanying two sheets of drawings,
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a driving apparatus constructed
according to this invention, and
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same.
"
In paper-making plants, certain parts of the machinery, as for example, the
shakes," screens, stuff-pumps," etc., should be driven at a substantially con-
stant speed, while the greater part of the machinery of a paper-making plant
should be driven at a speed which can be varied to adapt the plant to finish, in
a given time, different amounts of paper, according to the weight or quality
which it is desired to produce.
The first named parts in the preceding paragraph may be called the sub-
sidiary parts of the paper making plant; and the second named parts referred
to in the preceding paragraph may be called the "rolls" of the paper making
plant:
The driving connections for paper mill plants, as heretofore constructed, have
ordinarily included, an engine or other prime motor, governed or regulated to
run at a constant speed.
The driving connections for operating the machinery of paper mill plants, which
is now most widely employed, and is generally accepted as embodying the best
present practice,. is known as the Marshall drive."
*
This system for paper mill, plants and similar classes of machinery, comprises
an engine, or other prime motor, which is governed to run at. a constant speed,
a counter shaft driven therefrom, a constant speed shaft, which is driven from the
counter shaft, and which is employed for driving those parts of the paper-making
machinery which are necessarily run at a constant speed, and a variable speed

page_text: power shaft, which is employed for driving the principal parts of paper-making
machinery, and which is driven from the counter. shaft by a change-speed gearing,
usually comprising a shiftable belt and cone pulleys.
In a moderate sized paper-making plant, the constant speed power-shaft will
absorb or require in the neighbourhood of fifteen or twenty horse power to turn
the same, while the variable-speed power-shaft may require as much as a hundred
to one hundred and fifty horse-power.
In a moderate sized, well designed paper-making plant using this system,
the constant-speed shaft would be driven by a four-inch belt, while the variable-
speed power-shaft would profitably require to be driven by a fourteen to sixteen-
inch belt, but because of difficulties in adapting large belts to cone pulleys, small
belts are necessarily used at a consequent excessive loss in power and short life
of belts.
To change the speed of the paper-making plant employing this system so as to
adapt the same to produce a different quantity or different quality of paper, the
cone driving belt has to be shifted or moved on its cone pulleys, and, in practice,
it has been found that the life of this belt mounted on cone pulleys is com-
paratively short, and in nearly all paper-making plants employing this system,
this belt now has to be frequently renewed or repaired, and in the case of
machines running at high rates of speed, and requiring approximately two
hundred horse-power, it has been necessary to abandon the cone driving system
with a consequont disadvantage.
Further, a cone for wide speed variation and large power transmission has
to be very long between its bearings, and for these reasons, a considerable amount
of power is lost by the use of cone pulleys.
The especial objects of this invention are to provide a driving apparatus for
paper-making plants and like machinery, which can be more readily adjusted to
change the speed at which paper will be produced, which can be more economi-
cally operated, and which will not place as heavy a wearing strain on the belts
as in the constructions now most widely employed, and to provide a construction
in which cone pulleys for the large belt are eliminated.
To this end, an apparatus embodying this invention employs an engine or
other prime motor, which, instead of being governed so as to run at a constant
'speed, is designed to be economically operated at different speeds, and, while these
driving connections may be operated from electric motors, water-wheels, or
other motive power, the apparatus can be especially efficiently employed in
connection with the ordinary forms of steam engines.
Where a steam engine having its governor set to regulate the engine to run at
a constant speed is called upon to overcome somewhat widely varying loads, the
engine must of necessity take steam for different fractions of its stroke, or, as
it is termed, the 'point of cut-off will be changed.
It is well known that to obtain the full expansive power from steam, there is
a certain point of cut-off, which can be most economically, employed, and that,
when the point of cut-off is varied so that the engine takes steam either for
greater or less part of its stroke, the efficiency of the engine is reduced.
a
By changing the speed of an engine, the work done or overcome may be varied
without changing the point of cut-off.
4TH 4
Any of the well known makes of steam engines, such, for example, as the
ordinary Corliss types of engines are sufficiently well built so that their speeds
may be sufficiently varied to adapt them to the varying loads of paper-making
plant without interfering with their smooth or economical operation.
A driving apparatus for paper-making plants and like machinery constructed
according to this invention comprises a steam engine or other motor adapted to
run at different speeds, a variable speed power-shaft driven thereby and pre-
ferably directly belted or geared thereto, a governor for controlling the motor,
a constant-speed shaft connected to the governor, and a change-speed gearing
between the motor and the constant-speed shaft.

page_text: The change-speed gearing between the motor and constant-speed shaft preferably
consists of a shiftable belt and cone pulleys.
:
This shiftable belt may be comparatively light, as compared with the belt or
other connection necessarily employed for driving the variable-speed shaft.
By shifting this comparatively light belt, the speed of the variable-speed power-
shaft and motor can be adjusted or varied, as desired, to conform to the quality
or quantity of the paper which it is desired to produce; that is to say, while the
approved driving connections for paper-making plants have heretofore ordinarily
employed a constant speed motor and a constant-speed shaft driven therefrom,
and have employed a change-gearing between the motor and the variable-speed
power-shaft, a driving apparatus constructed according to this invention com-
prises a variable-speed motor; which may be directly connected to the variable-
speed power-shaft, a constant-speed shaft, and a governor which is driven to turn
at a constant speed from the constant-speed shaft, when the plant is working
properly, and a variable speed-gearing between the motor and constant-speed
shaft:
Referring to the drawings and in detail; a driving apparatus employing a
steam engine A, has been illustrated, although the driving
operated or driven from a water-wheel or any other well-knections may be
motor.
As illustrated, the steam engine A may be of any of the well-known types, as;
for example, the ordinary Corliss type of engine, which need not be herein shown
or described at length.,
B designates the engine-shaft.
The variable-speed power-shaft C is driven from the engine A preferably by
being directly belted to the main shaft 13 by means of pulleys D and E, and
driving-belt. F.
The constant-speed shaft G is driven from the engine A by a change-speed
gearing, which preferably comprises cone-pulleys H and I and a shiftable belt J.
The belt J can be shifted to different relative positions on its cone pulleys H.
and I by any of the ordinary belt-shifting constructions, as, for example, by the
belt-shifter S.
The belt-shifter S, as illustrated, comprises a belt-fork 10, which can be
adjusted back and forth by a lead-screw 11....
The lead-screw 11 is provided with an operating wheel or handle 12, and the
belt-fork 10 is held from turning by a guide-rod 13.
The governor for controlling the engine is designated by the reference letter K,
and, instead of driving or operating the governor by direct connections from the
main shaft of the engine, as in engines which are regulated to run at a con-
stant speed, the governor K is driven from the constant-speed shaft G, preferably
by means of pulleys M and N. and a belt L.
::
The governor K is preferably adjusted so that, when the constant-speed shaft G
and said governor are turning at their normal speeds; the steam supply of the
engine. A will be regulated to cut off at the most economical point of cut-off,
which secures the greatest degree of efficiency.
The variable speed shaft C is connected to drive the rolls or the principal part
of the machinery of the paper making plant; and the constant speed shaft G
is connected to drive the shakes,' screens," "stuff-pumps," &c., or the parts
heretofore termed the " subsidiary parts" of the paper making plant.
39
:
In the normal operation of a driving apparatus constructed according to this
invention, the constant-speed shaft G and governor K will turn at a normal or
fixed speed independently of the adjustment of the speed of the engine A and
the variable-speed power-shaft C.
...When it is, desired to regulate paper-making machinery actuated by a driving
apparatus constructed according to this invention to operate faster to produce a
larger amount of paper, as, for example, when it is desired to employ lighter
grades of stock, it is simply. necessary to move the shiftable belt J on to a larger
section of the cone pulley I..

page_text: This will change the relation of the speed of the constant-speed shaft and
governor to the variable speed power-shaft and motor, and the motor and variable-
speed power-shaft will have to turn at a faster speed, depending upon the amount
of adjustment, to maintain the constant-speed shaft, (and thereby the governor)
at its normal or fixed speed.
When it is desired to regulate paper-making machinery to operate at a slower
speed to produce a smaller amount of paper, as for example, when it is desired to
employ heavier grades of stock, it is simply necessary to move the shiftable belt
in the other direction, or on to a smaller section of the cone pulley I.
This will change the relation of the speed of the constant-speed shaft to the
variable-speed power-shaft and motor, so that the motor and variable speed
power-shaft will have to turn at a slower speed to maintain the constant-speed
shaft (and thereby the governor), at the normal or fixed speed.
Many changes may be made in this driving apparatus by those who are skilled
in the art, and it is not essential to employ a steam engine in connection with
this invention, as the same may be well practiced as applied to govern a water-
wheel or similar motor; and the driving apparatus may, in some instances, bo
used to advantage for other purposes besides the operation of paper-making plants.
In some cases, the cone H may be put on the shaft C, or on some other shaft
driven from the motor, the only requisite of this invention being that there
shall be a change-speed gearing in the connections between the constant-speed
shaft G and the motor.
The cones H and I may be made in the usual form of step-cones, and the belt-
shifter omitted, so that the belt J can be shifted by hand, if so desired, and,
of course, many other forms of change-gearing may be used instead of the specific
form herein illustrated, without departing from the scope of this invention.
It is not desired therefore, that this invention should be limited to the form of
construction herein shown and described; but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
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1. The driving connections for paper-machinery, or other machinery, substan-
tially as described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In a driving apparatus for the purposes stated, the combination of a motor
adapted to run at different speeds, a variable-speed power-shaft driven thereby,
a governor for the motor, a constant speed shaft connected thereto, and a change
speel gearing between the motor and the constant-speed shaft, substantially
as described.
3. In a driving apparatus for the purposes stated, the combination of a motor
adapted to run at different speeds, a variable-speed power-shaft driven thereby,
a governor for the motor, a constant-speed shaft connected thereto, and a shiftable
belt and cone-pulleys forming a change-speed gearing between the motor and the
constant-speed shaft, substantially as described.
4. In a driving apparatus for the purposes stated, the combination of a steam-
engine adapted to run at different speeds, a variable-speed power-shaft driven
thereby, a governor for the steam-engine, a constant-speed shaft connected thereto,
and a change-speed gearing between the steam-engine and the constant-speed shaft,
substantially as described.
5. In a driving apparatus for the purposes stated, the combination of a steam-
engine adapted to run at different speeds, a variable-speed power-shaft driven
thereby, a governor for the steam-engine, a constant-speed shaft connected thereto,
and a shiftable belt and cone pulleys forming a change-speed gearing between
the steam-engine and the constant-speed shaft, substantially as described.
6. In a driving apparatus for paper-making machinery, the combination of a
steam-engine A adapted to run at different speeds, a variable-speed power
shaft C for driving the rolls of a paper-making plant pulleys D and E, and

page_text: belt F for driving the variable-speed power-shaft C from the main shaft B of the
engine, a constant-speed shaft G for driving subsidiary parts of a paper-making
plant, a governor K for the steam-engine, pulleys M and N, and belt L. for
driving the governor from the shaft G, and shiftable belt J, and cone-pulleys H
5 and I forming a change-speed gearing between the main shaft B of the engine
and the constant-speed shaft G, substantially as described.
Dated this 7th day of March 1899.
FELL & JAMES,
Agents for the Applicant.