IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
JULES BORIE, of Boulevard Poissioniere, in the Republic of France, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirtieth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the fourteenth year of'
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Jules Borie, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Henry Jules.
Borie, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Jules
Borie, my exors, admors, and assigns. should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso, that I, the said Henry Jules Borie, shall cause a par-
ticular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso I, the said
Henry Jules Borie, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
The Invention relates to the machinery employed for the manufacture of
hollow bricks, and consists of improvements in the construction and arrange-
ment of the moulds through which the clay is forced, so that the bar which
carries the stems of the cores that form the holes is placed opposite to the
partition or solid parts of the bricks, by which means I am enabled to manu-
facture hollow bricks much lighter and with a greater number of openings
than heretofore made.
But in order that the Invention may be more fully understood, I will
proceed to describe the Drawing.
In making hollow bricks heretofore, the practice has been to use an appa-
ratus of the following description, as shewn at Figure 1. When intended to
make a brick with two holes, a.bar, the ends of which project, as shewn at e, f,
has suspended therefrom two other rods, the ends of which are formed of the
size of the holes m, m, intended to be made; in this apparatus, the earth, in
proportion as it is forced through the mould, will be found cut through by the
principal bar, when the clay has a tendency to be joined again in the space
compressed between the bar and the end of the rod at the part which projects
at x, y, z; practice has shewn that if the spaces a, y, z, are large, that is to say,
if the sides are thick, there will not be much difficulty in the clay uniting
again; but when thin, they are very apt to break into cracks or slits whilst
the brick is being dried or burnt; but if the bar which supports the cores,
shewn in Figure 2, is placed in the direction e, f, passing through the
middle of the partition or solid portion of the brick, and that the cores are
suspended from rods branching from the one in the direction e, f, the earth
will be divided by the branches; it is clear that in these two cases the two
places r, s, t, u, being larger, there can be no fear of crack or slits, however
small the partitions may be, and if the lower part of these bars in the direction
e, f, are notched, the notches will be found in the brick,, as shewn in the
Drawing by the marks r, s. When making a brick with eight holes running
longitudinally through it, which is shown at Figure 3, according to the ordi-
nary system, two bars would be used, a, b, c, d, or even four bars a¹, b, c, d,
a, b, c, d, but in the first case there would be produced ten slits at a, and
in the second case twelve at y, whereas by my system all this would be avoided

page_text: by the use of only one supporting bar, which projects at e, f, having accessary
bars in the diagonal position, shown at t, u, and which diagonal bars carry the
eight cores necessary for making the eight holes in the brick. Toimake a
brick having sixteen holes, I employ two of these moulds before described, and
place them side by side, or one mould may be employed, as shown at Figure 4,.
and so on with any number of holes that may be required; by these means:
bricks of any size may be made and any number of holes, possessing at the
same time great lightness. The form of hole that is found most advantageous
is the square one; or holes, with the corners rounded.
a
Figure 5 represents the end of a brick having eight holes; Figure 6 one
with sixteen; and. Figure 7 one with thirty-two holes. The Figures 8, 9, 10,
11, and 12, shows the form of these moulds in plan and section for making a
brick of sixteen holes; e, f, e,f, is the principal bar to which is attached the
branches which supports the rods, with the holes, so arranged as to ensure
them to have a diagonal action, upon the clay, as before explained. This
mould when used will be made up by placing them within, a metal, or other
suitable box or case, of such, a size as to allow of the brick being made of the
size required.
Figure 9 shows a section of a mould for making a. brick of eight holes. I
have not thought it necessary to show any particular description of brick-
making machinery, as it will be evident that any mechanical means may be
used for forcing the clay through the moulding orifices, but I prefer to use a
machine having one of my improved moulds placed at each end, and by means
of suitable machinery to force the clay alternately through such moulds, there
being a chamber on the side of the moulds, which is opened from above into
this chamber; the clay is to be thrown in from a pug mill, or any suitable
means. I prefer also to have the side of the case nearest the mould in which
the clay is placed perforated with small conical holes, so as to prevent the
introduction of stones or other detrimental matters into the mould. The
nature of this plate is shown at Figure 13. I also prefer to have combined
with machinery for making hollow bricks a framing of rollers, on to which the
moulded clay is delivered as it comes through the moulds; these rollers move
freely upon axes; there are also small rollers vertically placed at the sides of
the frame, which will also move, freely upon axes; the object of the rollers is
to yield when any pressure comes upon it, by which the moulded clay as it
passes out of the mould is easily forced forwards. It is to be remarked, that
the clay as it comes out of the mould comes out in the form of a continuous
tube, when, by suitable wires or cutters, the bricks are cut into the size
required.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it, understood that I do not confine myself to
the precise details herein given so long as the character of the Invention be
retained; but. what I claim is the mode herein described of constructing and
arranging moulds through which clay is forced for making hollow bricks, so
that the bar or bars which carry the cores which form the holes in the brick is
placed opposite to the partitions or solid part of the brick.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Jules Borie, have hereunto set my.
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.