matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philippe Grimaldi at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1860.
I, PHILLIPE GRIMALDI, M.D., of Teramo, in the Kingdom of Naples, now
residing at 26, Great Prescott Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in steam generators have for their purpose the instan-
taneous conversion of water into high temperature steam, to accomplish which,
I use an ordinary steam boiler in connection with certain special arrangements
herein described. The boiler I use is entirely filled up with water, and is
heated to a temperature of about 288° Fuhrenheit, but without allowing
vaporization to take place in the boiler; the heated water passes from the
boiler (through an opening in the furnace fitted with a regulating valve) in a
continuous small stream into a number of small tubes, which are carried from
the furnace to the smoke box through the boiler flues. In these tubes
instantaneous evaporation takes place, and the steam thus generated is con-
veyed by a pipe fitted with a safety valve direct to an engine for use. The
above arrangements are applicable to boilers of various descriptions, and will
effect a considerable saving in the consumption of fuel.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING A CONTINUOUS STREAM OF WATER OR OTHER FLUID, PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR PUMPS, AND FOR ADMINISTERING INJECTIONS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benoit Lang at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1860.
I, BENOIT LANG, of the Firm of Lang and Company, of No. 67, St. Martin's
Lane, in the City of Westminster, India-rubber Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR
APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING A CONTINUOUS STREAM OF WATER OR OTHER FLUID,
PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR PUMPS, AND FOR ADMINISTERING INJECTIONS, AND OTHER
SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the obtaining a continuous stream of water
or other fluid, and consists of a metallic cylinder containing valves, to which
cylinder is attached two vulcanized india-rubber balls, one ball being placed
above the other, the lower one forming an air chamber. By expansion of the
upper ball a vacuum is formed, by which the water or other fluid is forced
into it, and by compressing the same ball the fluid is forced into the lower
ball or air vessel, whereby a continuous stream is obtained; the same effect
may be produced by a different arrangement of the balls, and also of the shape
of the reservoirs.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL SULPHATE OF BARYTA
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolph Julius Seitz at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1860. A communication from abroad by, Adolph Seitz, of Gustrow, in
Mecklenberg Schwerin.
I, ADOLPH JULIUS SEITZ, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the County of North-
umberland, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL SULPHATE OF BARYTA," (being
a communication to me from abroad by Adolph Seitz, of Gustrow, in
Mecklenberg Schwerin), to be as follows:-
According to this method of manufacturing artificial sulphate of baryta,
natural sulphate of baryta, chloride of manganese, (chlorine still liquor),
chloride of iron and coals form, by the influence of a high temperature,
insoluble sulphuret of manganese and iron and chloride of barium, of which
the latter is easily dissolved by water. The aforesaid process may be worked
in pans and furnaces. I bring in together sulphate of baryta and coals and
run in the chlorine still liquor, (refuse in the manufacture of bleaching powder),
of which the acid excess is neutralised with witherite, (natural carbonate of
baryta); after having been drawn it forms a solid ball composed of chloride
of barium, hyposulphide of baryta, sulphuret of manganese and iron. These
chloride of barium balls are exposed to the air and then dissolved in the same
manner as soda balls. This dissolving process produces a moderately clear
and pure liquor of chloride of barium which can be purified in the simplest
After having purified and settled this liquor of chloride of barium,

page_text: I add sulphuric acid, and form in this manner a fine precipitate of sulphate
of baryta, and leave weak muriatic acid. The sulphate of baryta after having
been settled and washed is formed by sack filters, or other suitable means, into
a soft, fine, consistent matter with about thirty per cent. of water.
The essential part of this Invention is the formation of chloride of barium
out of natural sulphate of baryta, and hence the production of artificial sulphate
of baryta. The artificial sulphate of baryta is useful for the following
purposes: Firstly, in the manufacture of all sorts of paper and paper hangings
instead of sulphate of lime (artificial). Secondly, for the preparation of white
paint instead of white lead, over which it has the advantage of not getting
discoloured through the sulphuret of hydrogen or the impurities of the air.
And by mixing it with zinc white a very superior paint is produced for the
finest purposes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOILING WORTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Davison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February
1860.
I, ROBERT DAVISON, of London Street, in the City of London, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN BOILING WORTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
Worts and liquids have hitherto generally been boiled by the naked fire, or
by worms or coils containing moist steam. Now, it has been discovered that
both these means are for many purposes objectionable, and that a sufficiently
bigh temperature cannot be obtained by the employment of moist steam. My
Invention then consists in the application and employment of superheated
steam, whereby the desired temperature can be obtained, and in the boiling
of worts particularly many other advantages will result.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING REFRACTORY HORSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
March 1860.-A communication from abroad by Henry Crane, of the
City of New York, in the United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING REFRACTORY
HORSES," a communication from abroad by Henry Crane, of the City of New
York, in the United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of "bit" which is capable
of acting either as an ordinary bar "bit" when the animal is gentle or as a
powerful check when he is refractory, as the possibility of his holding it
between his teeth is entirely prevented. This improved "bit" resembles in
general appearance an ordinary bar "bit," and its effect is in every respect
equivalent thereto, except when the reins are pulled with considerable force.
The bit is composed of a single slender bar or two slender bars jointed in the
middle inside the animal's mouth and enclosed in both cases inside an external
bar or bit of the ordinary size which is channelled or grooved to receive
the inner bit above referred to. When the inner bit is made of one bar it is
connected by helical springs at each extremity to the check pieces, which are
secured to the outer bit, and is thus retained in the outer bit as in a sheath so
long as the pull upon the reins does not overcome the force of the springs, the

page_text: inner and outer bit acting together as an ordinary bar bit. But should the
animal become restive and seize the outer bit between his teeth the inner bit is
brought into action by a strong pull of the reins, and as it is thinner than the
outer bit the animal cannot possibly hold it between his teeth so long as the
outer bit is in his mouth.
According to another form the inner bit is made of two bars jointed to the
middle of the outer bit and retained inside the outer bit by a blade spring
applied to the back thereof and enclosed within the outer bit in lieu of the
external helical springs in the previous arrangement. The action is the same
as previously described, that is, the jointed inner bit is only brought into action
when the pull on the reins overcomes the power of the blade spring, in which
case the two halves of the inner bit advance and act upon the muscles of the
mouth in a manner similar to the ordinary jointed bit, but with this great
advantage that it cannot be held by the teeth of the animal. Suitable stops
are used to check the pull on the reins, and so prevent the springs from being
broken by overstraining.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman; at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
July 1860. A communication from abroad by Auguste Durand, of
Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS," (communicated to me
from abroad by Auguste Durand, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making hats without lining or head leather, and
as hereafter explained. I take a strip or length of woollen, silk, or other
suitable fabric, and pay over the side to which the plush is to be attached
a coating of paste, starch, or gelatine; after which I lay upon the same surface
a varnish of gum lac dissolved in some essence or spirit to make it waterproof.
Thus prepared I roll the material into a tubular shape, and unite the edges
by glue, to form the body of the hat; I cut the crown out of material prepared
as before described, and unite the crown to the body by a strip of cloth glued or
pasted to them. The crown may be strengthened if necessary by a band of cloth.
For the brim I paste the material which is to form the under side to a piece
of cotton or other fabric, prepared or stiffened in the ordinary manner, and
I connect the brim to the body by glueing, pasting, or cementing over the
inner end of the brim and the lower end of the body a strip of cotton or other
fabric.
The whole is blocked and covered with plush when the hat is
finished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cornelius Parish and Joseph Lang
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 28th February 1860.
We, CORNELIUS PARISH, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and JOSEPH LANG, of Preston, aforesaid, Overlooker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode or modes of working the healds
of looms, whereby the treadles and tappets, wheels and racks, and great guard
are dispensed with.
According to one arrangement it is proposed to work the healds by means
of a strap or band passed round and secured to a pulley fast on a shaft
beneath the healds, and parallel thereto. This band is also passed over a
pulley on a shaft above the healds, which are maintained at a proper distance
apart by means of an adjustable stay provided with two rollers or pulleys, and
situated about midway between the actuating pulley and the healds. A slotted
lever arm is secured to the end of the heald shaft, which is connected by
means of a rod with a second slotted arm fast on and revolving with the
tappet shaft. As the tappet shaft revolves it imparts a reciprocating motion
to the heald shaft and pulley, and consequently causes the healds to rise and
fall alternately. The slots in the levers afford facility for adjusting or
regulating the movement of the healds.

page_text: According to another arrangement the healds are worked from a pulley fast
on a shaft at right angles to the healds, this shaft being provided with a pair
of cross arms extending horizontally from each side of the shaft, and provided
with antifriction rollers. 'Above these rollers work two tappets or wipers fast
on the tappet shaft, which, as they rotate, alternately act upon each of the
arms, and so impart a reciprocating motion to the shaft and heald actuating
pulley, which motion is transmitted by means of an endless band to the
healds.
OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Arthur at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1860.
I, ALFRED ARTHUR, of the Polygon, Southampton, in the County of
Southampton, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to obtain continuous movement by atmo-
spheric and hydraulic pressure, and consists of two cylinders or hollow tubes,
circular, square, triangular, polygonal, or other form, which contain water in
equilibrium, and are either internally or externally encased at either end by
hollow tubes of the same form containing valves, which are internally fitted at
either end. As the cylinder rises it causes the water to rise between the
valves, and descending by its own weight causes the water to overflow the top
of tube or cylinder, and rush over an overshot breast or undershot wheel,
which wheel imparts to the tubes an alternate vertical motion by rods, cranks,
excentrics, bydrostatic balance, or similar appliances. The number of strokes
of the tubes is multiplied at will by means of tooth wheels, or wheel and
eccentrics applied to the wheel propelled by the water. Instead of the
aforesaid wheel turbines can be used, the water descending a vertical tube
over an encased wheel, imparting its motion as before to the alternately
ascending and descending tubes. Also by bydraulic
Also by bydraulic pressure, by inverting

page_text: the valves at bottom of tubes, which alternately become fixed columns of
water, and press by means of levers on the rising cylinder. In this case the
wheel can be dispensed with. The hydraulic press is added at will to increase
its power ad infinitum.
AN IMPROVED. ROTATORY ENGINE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Reston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1860.
I, SAMUEL RESTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Commission
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED.
ROTATORY ENGINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the construction of a rotatory engine for obtaining
motive power by the agency of steam, heated air, or other fluid, the object being
to obtain greater speed from a given quantity of steam, heated air, or other
fluid, and that from or by an engine which will cost less money, be of less
weight, have fewer working parts, and less friction, require less attention, and
be less liable to get out of repair than the engines now in use. On and to a
central spindle or shaft placed in a vertical, horizontal, or angular position and
resting on suitable bearings I affix one or more continuous helical threads or
screws, the surfaces of which may be smooth, uneven, indented, corrugated, or
otherwise roughened or prepared, and these continuous helical threads or
screws I inclose within or surround by a conical, cylindrical, or suitable shaped
casing made steam-tight to the peripherys of the helices or threads of the
screw and to the ends. Spiral or screw-like passages are thus formed into
and through which the steam passes, causing the cylinder, shaft, and other
parts to rotate with great velocity. The steam entrance port may be through
the shaft or near to the centre at one end of the engine, and the exit port at

page_text: the other. In like manner I add or arrange with the parts above described, a
series of spiral or screw-like passages concentrically or encircling the above
engine, and allow a passage or passages from the first to the second layer, and
onwards, so that the steam traverses the helical or screw-like passage within
the first cylinder or covering, thence into the second, third, and so on con-
tinuously, until it is exhausted; the exhaut port being in any convenient
position. The engine may be enclosed within a separate casing or covering,
from which the waste steam can be condensed or allowed to escape, as may be
found most desirable.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FORKS AND SPOONS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th November 1860.-A communication from abroad by Adolphe Joseph
Coque and Alexandre François Chavet, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FORKS AND SPOONS," (communi-
cated to me from abroad by Adolphe Joseph Coque and Alexandre François
Chavet, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
This Invention refers to such forks and spoons as are made of some inferior
metal, and subsequently plated with silver or gold, and consists in fixing on
that end of the blank at which the prongs or bowl are or is to be formed a
piece of silver, gold, or aluminium. The blank then undergoes the usual
processes for converting it into a finished fork or spoon, whereby the piece of
the superior metal becomes drawn out to form the ends of the prongs of the
fork, or the wearing portions of the bowl of the spoon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW-CUTTING LATHES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1860.
I, JOSEPH LANE, of Cranbrook Street, Old Ford, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW-CUTTING LATHES," to be as follows:-
In screw-cutting lathes the leading screw that traverses the saddle and
cutting tool usually consists of a screw, having two, three, or more threads to
the inch, which screws receive motion from the mandril by the change wheels..
It is well understood that to repeat the cut the saddle or slide is disconnected
from the screw and slid to the opposite end of the screw being cut, and
against a stop, and again connected with such screw. Now, if the leading
screw have two threads to the inch, while the screw being cut is required to
have three threads to the inch, or other odd number, the nut of the saddle
must be thrown into gear with great accuracy, and at a particular part of the
revolution of the screw being cut, which up to the present time has been a
matter of judgement of the workman, and in which inaccuracy has often been
productive of serious loss by damaging the screws being cut. Now, my
Invention relates to an indicator which gives a signal when the nut of the
saddle is to be geared with the screw. For this purpose I place a cam on the
lathe mandril and another on the loading screw, each of which take effect every
revolution, the one on the tail end of a lever, carrying a bell, the other on the

page_text: tail of a hammer, both being brought back to position by suitable springs.
If, for instance, we suppose the loading screw to have four threads to the
inch, while the screw to be cut is required to have seven threads to the inch,
although each of the cams act on their respective levers at each revolution,
the two only act in conjunction at every seventh revolution of the mandril;
when so acting in conjunction the hammer strikes the bell, and indicates the
precise movement to gear the nut of the saddle with the screw. If nineteen
threads to the inch are to be cut, the requisite changes are made in the
wheels; to do so, the cams now only act in conjunction once for every nine-
teen revolutions of the mandril. Instead of an audible signal, the apparatus
may be arranged to produce a visible signal, but I prefer the audible one
described.
A SWIMMING AND FLOATING APPARATUS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Vitat de Tivoli and Colonel Joseph
Hudson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th January 1860.
We, VITAT DE TIVOLI, of 67, Lower Thames Street, London, in the County
of Middlesex, and Colonel JOSEPH HUDSON, of 13, Victoria St., London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SWIMMING AND FLOATING
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
It consists of a footed loose pair of trowsers made of an impervious tissue or
substance, with no other opening than at the top, which expands in the form
of a circular air cushion, with its inflating pipe and valve so placed as to be
easily brought to the mouth when on. It is secured on the person with strong
elastic braces and a broad elastic waistband closing round the chest and
under the arms, so as to exclude completely the water from its interior. The
trowsers may be furnished also with an expanding umbrella-shaped apparatus
fixed round the knee.
A foot swimming and propelling apparatus formed of a central sole piece
and four lateral flaps expanding and falling donwards, according to the move-
ments of the foot in the water, is placed under the foot, either fixed to the sole
of the trowsers or fastened with straps; the whole form together a complete
apparatus for supporting and propelling the human body in the water.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN VENETIAN BLINDS FOR WINDOWS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION- left by Rebecca Thomas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 28th November
1860.
I, REBECCA THOMAS, of Bath Street, Tabernacle Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VENETIAN BLINDS FOR WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to those kinds of Venetian blinds which are to be
drawn up and down, and the novel features or improvements which constitute
this Invention consist in so constructing such said blinds as that when they are
drawn up, or partly so, the laths shall pack themselves close together at the
top of the blind instead of at the bottom as usually practised, this Invention
being designed to prevent obstruction of light, if desired, between the laths at
the bottom part of the blind.
It is proposed to effect the above object by the following means, that is to
say, instead of using single lines or cords for drawing up the laths, two cords
are employed, same being tied in a knot a little below each lath. It is also pro-
posed to form eyelet holes in the vertical tapes of the blinds just below each
lath, so that supposing a pin or peg to be passed through said holes and the
double cords upon drawing up the blind thus fitted, the said pins or pegs will
lift and pack close together all those laths which are above said pins, whilst
the laths below will be bodily raised, but remain equidistant from each other,
and thus admit light between them, and air if desired.
AN IMPROVED CALCARIOUS VARNISH FOR COATING WOOD, METALS, PAPER, SHIPS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jozé Luis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1860. A communication from abroad by Jean Francois Joseph Lecocq,
of Cherbourg, in the Empire of France.
I, JOZE LUIS, of the British & Foreign Office for Patents, No. 1º, Welbeck
Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CALCARIOUS
VARNISH FOR COATING WOOD, METALS, PAPER, SHIPS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,"
(& that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Jean Francois
Joseph Lecocq, of Cherbourg, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This varnish may be employed for various purposes, such as coating wood,
metals, paper, walls, and the sides & other parts of ships.
It is composed principally of 1st., oxyde of calcium; 2nd., gutta percha, or
india-rubber; 3rd., a solvant for the gutta percha or india-rubber. The oxydes
of calcium which may be employed are plaster and lime; chalk can also be
employed, but with less advantage. The gutta percha & india-rubber employed
must be as pure as possible. The principal solvents are coal tar, oil of turpen-
tine, sulphuret of carbon, and benzine. The proportions may vary according
as it is desired to obtain a liquid, thick, or pasty varnish. A drying oxyde
can be introduced, if required.
Among the various uses to which the varnish can be put may be mentioned
coating the bulls and other parts of ships, painting iron to preserve it from rust;
by painting walls with it the damp may be kept out; it can also be applied on

page_text: paper, linen, and other stuffs which may be employed for packing, roofing,
and other uses.
The varnish is melted at a gentle heat and strained through a fine cloth;
it is placed in a receptacle in which the paper or other tissues are made to
pass; these then pass between two rolling cylinders either singly, or two, three,
or more together; on passing out of the receptacle they are sanded and allowed
to dry. The paper, when not sanded, can be also employed for making
cartridges.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN TUBES FOR BOILERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1860.
I, JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN TUBES FOR BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is, first, to improve the draught in the tubes of
multitubular or tubular boilers of all descriptions, viz., to prevent the speed
of the current from being different in the centre of the tube from what it is
along or near the sides, as is the case with straight tubes.
Second, to increase the heating surface of said tubes; and the manner in
which I attain these ends is, by giving to the tubes a curvilinear undulating
or also a helical screw-like shape, the tube being bent so as to form a screw
thread of rather an elongated or quick pitch; I impart said improved shape
to the tubes by means of male or female mandrils, dies, or swages, or by any
other suitable mechanical means.
AN IMPROVED CANTEEN OR CASE FOR CONTAINING REFRESHMENTS FOR SOLDIERS OR TRAVELLERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Foxall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th December
1860.
I, THOMAS FOXALL, of Princes Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Tin Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CANTEEN OR CASE FOR CONTAINING REFRESHMENTS
FOR SOLDIERS OR TRAVELLERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of an improved canteen or case for containing refreshments
for soldiers or travellers consists in combining in one case several compart-
ments for containing the different articles of refreshment.
In carrying out my Invention, I divide the upper part of the case longi-
tudinally into two parts, one of which is provided with a hinged flap or door,
and is intended to contain sandwiches or other eatables; the other compart-
ment is intended to contain any liquid refreshment, and is provided with a
bottle mouth and a screwed or other suitable stopper for securing the liquid.
A tin or other cover, which serves also as a drinking cup, is fitted over the top
of these two compartments, and effectually secures them, the cup itself being
kept in its place by means of a short strap that is passed over the cup, and is
fastened down to a stud on one side of the case. At the bottom of the case is
another door or flap, which gives access to another compartment, which is or
may be subdivided, and is intended to receive cigars or tobacco and a pipe,
together with matches or pipe lights. The door or flap to this lower com-
partment is also secured by means of a strap fastened to a stud, or in any

page_text: other convenient manner. For the purpose of carrying my improved canteen
the straps for securing the moveable parts of the case may be so arranged as
to allow the case to be slung by them from the waist belt of the wearer; or,
if preferred, rings, handles, projections, or studs may be fastened to the sides
of the case, so as to admit of the case being attached to a strap or cord to be!
passed over the shoulder of the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1860. A communication from abroad by Louis Joseph Troost, of Paris,
in the Empire of France, Chemist.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Louis Joseph Troost, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Chemist, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of a coloring matter from napthaline
and consists in subjecting napthaline to the oxidising action of nitric acid.
The materials employed are in about the proportion of one part by weight of
napthaline, and two parts by weight of mono-hydrated nitric acid. The result
of this reaction is a fluid mass which speedily solidifies. The solid mass having
been pulverized is digested with alcohol, and to this solution is added an
alcoholic solution of sulphuret of sodium, or of sulphuretted sulphide of sodium,
or an alcoholic solution of sulphuretted sulphide of potassium, or of sulphuret
of potassium. On mixing either of these solutions with the solution first
referred to and raising the temperature to their boiling points, a violet coloring
matter will be produced, which may be separated from the resulting insoluble
matter by filtration, the filtered solution containing the coloring matter may be
employed for the various purposes of dyeing and printing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STUDS OR FASTENINGS FOR SHIRT FRONTS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Zysel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September
1860.
I, FRANCIS ZYSEL, of No. 28, Great Pearl Street, Shoreditch, in the
County of Middlesex, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STUDS OR FASTENINGS FOR
SHIRT FRONTS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as follows:-
The object of these improvements is to prevent or obviate the liability to
creasing or soiling the shirt front or other article of dress by buttoning and
unbuttoning the stud in fastening and unfastening the same.
The improvements consist in constructing the stud or other similar fastening
in two parts, such parts being severally provided with projections and recesses,
springs, or other similar appliances, so that by simply pressing the two parts
together they shall unite without any screwing or other mechanical move-
ment.
Each of these two parts is at first buttoned into its respective side or part
of the shirt front or other article of dress to be fastened, and may remain
there so long as the article is in use, and the shirt front or other article of
dress can be fastened and unfastened as often as may be required by simply
uniting and separating the two parts of the stud or fastening without any
unbuttoning and consequent creasing or soiling of the article in question.
IMPROVED MEANS WHEREBY ENGINE DRIVERS AND PERSONS IN CHARGE OF OR ATTENDING TO RAILWAY TRAINS MAY OBTAIN INTELLIGENCE OR INFORMATION FOR INCREASED SAFETY IN TRAVELLING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Heinemann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st November
1860.
I, LOUIS HEINEMANN, of Broad Street Buildings, in the City of London,
Importer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS WHEREBY ENGINE DRIVERS AND PERSONS IN CHARGE OF OR ATTENDING TO
RAILWAY TRAINS MAY OBTAIN INTELLIGENCE OR INFORMATION FOR INCREASED SAFETY
IN TRAVELLING, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to afford means for engine drivers and others
in charge of or attending to railway trains to obtain intelligence or information
of signals, mischances, and other things and events, for increased safety in
travelling. For this purpose I propose to apply to or combine with the
locomotive or tender a mirror or a reflector, magnifying or otherwise, fitted in
such position that the driver or other person on the locomotive or tender may
perceive signals and objects behind him. I also propose to combine or apply
a telescope with or to the locomotive, tender, and guard's van, or guard's
carriage, for viewing objects at a distance; and I likewise propose to fit to
the roof, sides, or other convenient part of railway carriages, lamps or lights,
bright or other metal balls, or other objects of conspicuous character, in such
manner as to be visible and prominent externally, and so that when the
carriages are made up into a train these lamps or objects may be brought
precisely one behind the other, in a row or line, and hence the deviation or
displacement of one or more of them would immediately signalize or indicate
the probability or occurrence of an accident.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANURING LAND
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th June 1860.-A communication from abroad by Jean Eugène Pellier,
of Lieusaint, in the Empire of France, Agricultural Implement Maker.
.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR MANURING LAND," communicated to me from abroad by Jean Eugène
Pellier, of Lieusaint, in the Empire of France, Agricultural Implement Maker,
to be as follows:-
This apparatus is specially intended for the equal distribution of pulverulent
manures, such as guano and other, and is composed of a trough or hopper
made of light boards, and furnished interiorly with metal rods, carrying plates
of the same material, to which a come-and-go motion is given (in the manner
hereafter mentioned) for the purpose of separating and equally distributing
the manure contained in the trough. The whole is supported by a wooden
framing mounted on wheels, and from which project the shafts, if horse-power
be used. The horse being set in motion, the wheels, in revolving, turn
certain cogs bolted to their axles, which cogs act upon pinions, one of which,
by the aid of a connecting rod, gives a come-and-go movement to the metal
plates or agitators, causing the dispersion of the manure, and the other, in
rotating, gives, by the aid of a shaft and catches, a winnowing movement to a
valve placed beneath the trough, the effect of which is to shake the manure

page_text: A spring and lever is provided for
and facilitate its equal distribution.
throwing the apparatus out of gear when required; a moveable board prevents
the air striking too forcibly upon the manure as it escapes from the trough,
and a regulator prevents the exit of more than the requisite quantity of
manure.
PRODUCING MULTIPLIED AND MANY-COLOURED REFLECTIONS OF LIGHT PROM ONE FOCUS OF INCIDENCE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Boyle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1860.
I, THOMAS BOYLE, of 4, Woburn Buildings, Euston Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Lantern & Reflector Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "PRODUCING MULTIPLIED AND MANY-COLOURED
REFLECTIONS OF LIGHT PROM ONE FOCUS OF INCIDENCE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of two or moro glasses of various forms & colours
placed at short distances apart from each other, as nearly as possible in the
line of the axis and within the focal area of a multiplying reflector. Light is
transmitted through these partly directly and partly by reflection by means of
a tubular apparatus holding one focus of incident light, and containing two or
more reflecting surfaces standing at suitable angles, which illuminate by
reflection any glasses situated beyond the reach of the direct light. The
glasses so illuminated and placed are, with the exception of one, which shews
through the back of the apparatus, & forms the centre of each picture
reflected in the multiplying reflector in widening rings made up of the various
forms & colours the glasses respectively bear.
A CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENT IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Harrison, David Ashworth,
and Joseph Lord at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd March 1860.
We, RICHARD HARRISON and DAVID ASHWORTH, of Burnley, in the County
of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners, and JOSEPH LORD, of the same Place, Carder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENT IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that description of machinery employed for pre-
paring, spinning, and twisting cotton and other fibrous substances, known as
the "slubbing frame," the "roving frame," and the "throstle," or machines of
such a class having spindles requiring lubrication, but is more particularly
applicable to the "throstle" for spinning. The Invention is designed for the
purpose of oiling or lubricating the interior of the "bolsters or brushes in
the "copping rail," in which the spindles revolve, and consists in the employ-
ment of an extra rail placed above and at a slight distance from the "copping
rail" or "lifting rail," so as to support the bobbins and cloth or "drag"
washers away from the said copping rail, so that the "bolsters" therein may
be oiled without oiling the bobbins and cloth; the two rails are connected by
studs or pins at certain intervals so as to rise and fall together, as required,
forming one "copping rail."
A NEW MODE OF ADVERTISING ON ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE, POTTERY, AND THE LIKE, IN GENERAL USE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Salomon Hecht at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1860.
I, SALOMON HECHT, of 36, Gresham Street, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MODE OF ADVERTISING ON ARTICLES OF
EARTHENWARE, POTTERY, AND THE LIKE, IN GENERAL USE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a new modo of advertising upon all kinds of
crockery, such as earthenware, porcelaine, or stone china used for table or
other service in hotels, public buildings, or institutions, railway stations, club
houses, theatres, concert rooms, and other places of dwelling, amusement,
resort, or business, also public dining, coffee, and other houses. It is also
applicable to gas and oil lamps, shades or globes, vases, and other like articles;
the mode of carrying it out is as follows:-Instead of ordinary patterns being
printed or written upon the crockery as at present, ornamental cyphers or
open designs would be printed upon it, which will be filled up by advertise-
ments written or printed upon the china in the mode generally adopted for
printing or writing upon china.
AN IMPROVED COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Husband Heighway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
May 1860.
I, RICHARD HUSBAND HEIGHWAY, of the Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COOKING APPARATUS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention has reference to an improved cooking apparatus for cooking
meat, fruit, vegetables, or otherwise, whereby the nutritious and digestible
qualities of the same are more effectually preserved than hitherto, and consists
in a suitable vessel or chamber, containing the food to be operated upon,
being placed within an outer case or receptacle charged with boiling water,
steam, or hydro-caloric, lids or covers being employed in either case for re-
taining the essential qualities of the food, and preventing the entrance of
water or steam to the same, as also facilitating the process of cooking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND OF A NEW MATERIAL TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH MATERIAL IS APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st November
1860. A communication from Messrs. Dufay, Brothers, and Company,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND OF A NEW
MATERIAL TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH MATERIAL IS APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS
OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," a communication from Messrs. Dufay, Brothers, and
Company, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of "stiffeners "and soles for boots
and shoes, and consists in the application and use to and in such manufacture
of an artificial leather in lieu of natural leather. This artificial leather, which
may be used for other purposes than in the manufacture of boots and shoes,
is composed of the parings of leather or skins, whether tanned or raw, such
parings being first well steeped, and then lixiviated or washed in lye, but this
latter process may be dispensed with, if desired. The parings or scraps thus
treated may be mixed or not, as desired, with gelatinous or mucilagenous matter;
the admixture, however, with these substances will be found to improve the
quality of the material to be produced. The whole mass is now ground down
or reduced to a pulp, which is to be rolled into sheets of the desired size and

page_text: thickness, and allowed to dry. When dry the sheets form a species of leather
maché or artificial leather, well adapted to the manufacture of the soles and
stiffening pieces of boots and shoes, and may be employed as a new material
for various other useful purposes.
AN IMPROVED HEMMING AND BINDING GAUGE FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gavin Young at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1860.
I, GAVIN YOUNG, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED HEMMING AND BINDING GAUGE FOR SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of a supple-
mentary apparatus or adjunct to sewing machines for the purposes of effecting
the operation of hemming and binding fabrics by means of the sewing
machine.
Under one modification the hemming guage consists of a rectangular metal
plato baving a slot formed in it to admit of its being readily attached by a
screw to the table of the sewing machine. To this plate is brazed or otherwise
attached two blade springs, which extend outwards at right angles to the plate;
these springs are of corresponding shape, and they are arranged parallel to each
other. At the inner ends the springs are separated by an intervening piece of
brass to about the extent of a tenth of an inch, but at the free extremities they
touch each other. The springs are twisted longitudinally, so as to form a
screw-like figure; the space between them forming a spirally curved path or
channel. For hemming purposes the springs have two complete turns or
twists formed in their length, and to effect the proper turning in of unravelled

page_text: threads two small U-shaped pieces of metal are soldered to the edges of the
spring at different points in their length. The hemming guage is fixed to the
table of the machine, so that the free ends of the twisted springs are in close
proximity to the needle. The edge of the fabric to be hemmed is passed in
between the outer ends of the springs, and the edge is kept level with the
upper edges of the springs. As the cloth is pushed along the curved channel
of the guage its edge is thereby folded under in manner precisely similar to
what is done by a seampstress. The cloth, emerges from the end of the springs
where the infolded part is immediately stitched down by the action of the
needle, forming a very neat hem of uniform width throughout. This hemming
gauge is equally adapted for sewing the stoutest fabrics as the finer kinds,
which the apparatus at present in use will not do. The width of the hem or
infolded part is regulated by the breadth of the springs at the free extremities.
The guage is also adapted for hemming down the selvages of fabrics, which
require to be simply folded down and stitched. This is done by making the
springs with only one twist or turn, which simply folds down the selvage ready
for the needle; and this arrangement serves also for binding fabrics. When
the edge of the fabric or material to be bound is passed between the springs
the curvature of the same lays the binding over on the face of the fabric or
material in readiness to be stitched down by the needle, and in this way
the operation of binding is effected in a far superior manner to ordinary hand
work.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GUN Locks
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Joseph Risse at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1860.
I, FRANCIS JOSEPH RISSE, of Great Bland Street, Southwark, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GUN Locks," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for constructing gun locks in a more simple,
compact, and less expensive manner than heretofore, and consists in forming
the lock of the following parts:-First, as regards the sear plate of the lock,
propose to make it out of a circular plate of metal and to file notches therein
into which takes a small catch lever acted upon by a spring for cocking the
gun and holding the hammer either at a half or full cock. The sear plate
aforesaid fits on to the square part of the pin which carries the hammer.
I also propose to use a spiral spring instead of a long V-shaped spring
such as is at present used for acting on the sear plate of the lock, by which
I shorten the lock plate one half, and consequently do not require to cut
away so much of the stock of the gun for letting the lock in. The aforesaid
spiral spring is fastened by one end to the pin on which the sear plate is fixed,
and the other end of said spring is fixed to a flanged cap plate screwed to the
lock plate, and said cap plate supports the other end of the aforesaid pin.