matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
THE APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN METAL FOR THE MOVEMENTS OF WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Robert Russell, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Watch Manufacturer, for the Invention of "THE
APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN METAL FOR THE MOVEMENTS OF WATCHES AND
OTHER TIMEKEEPERS."
Sealed the 30th March 1860, and dated the 3rd December 1859.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Robert Russell in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd June 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
ROBERT RUSSELL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Watch Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Robert Russell, Her special license that I, the said Thomas
Robert Russell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Thomas Robert Russell, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "THE APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN METAL FOR THE MOVEMENTS OF WATCHES
AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said
Thomas Robert Russell, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Robert Russell, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
I make or manufacture the movements, or part of the movements, of
watches and other timekeepers of nickel, and of the same metal alloyed,
instead of the various metals and materials hitherto used; and I claim as my
Invention, and which to the best of my knowledge and belief has not been
hitherto used within the realm, the application of nickel metal, pure or alloyed,
for the making or manufacturing of the movements of watches and other
timekeepers.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Robert Russell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
In the presence of
THOMAS ROBERT RUSSELL. (L.S.)
JOHN T. KING, Patent Agent,
4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GAS METERS, AND EXHAUSTERS, WASHERS, AND PURIFIERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kippen Watson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd Sep-
tember 1859.
I, JOHN KIPPEN WATSON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GAS METERS, AND EXHAUSTERS, WASHERS, AND PURIFIERS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of gas meters
and exhausters, in such manner as to secure great simplicity of parts and
economy of cost, together with facilities for inspection and adjustment, and
other advantages. The revolving drum or cylinder of the meter is constructed
in the ordinary manner of wet meter cylinders, but it has no external gas
casing. Each side of the cylinder is formed with a convex cover or false
end. The inlet pipe passes through the centre of this false end or cover on
the inlet side, and is turned up to the required height in the interior in the
The gas passes through the cylinder, and is received into the
corresponding cover or false end on the opposite side or end of the cylinder,
which is fitted with a gas discharge pipe in every way corresponding to the gas
inlet pipe, the receiving end being turned up inside the cover, and then passed
out by a central aperture. In this way the gas is both received and dis-
charged at the centre of the cylinder. For large meters, such as for stations
and large establishments, this apparatus may simply stand in an open vessel of
water filled with the fluid to the required height. But for domestic purposes

page_text: on the smaller scale, a cover is necessary simply for screening the apparatus but
not for retaining the gas. As an exhauster, the apparatus is constructed in a
precisely similar way, the cylinder being simply actuated by any suitable
motive power, so as to draw the gas into and force it out of it. The arrange-
ment or a modification of it, may also be applied to washers and wet lime gas
purifiers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tullius Priest Fay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1859.
I, TULLIUS PRIEST FAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a multiplying power, whereby one
man may raise a weight of many tons. The same power may also be applied
to many purposes where rapidity of motion is required, and is effected in the
following manner:-Upon a given shaft is cut a screw, either right or left-
handed, or both, according to the motion required to be obtained. A metallic
disc or wheel is formed with a semicircular groove around its periphery, in
which is cut a female screw, corresponding in pitch with that of the male
screwed shaft. This shaft is mounted on suitable bearings, and the metallic
disc provided with a shaft in its centre. Upon this last-mentioned shaft may
be fixed a large spur wheel, working into a pinion with a screwed shaft
attached, said screwed shaft working in another female metallic disc mounted
upon a shaft, upon which is also another large spur wheel working into a
pinion, upon whose shaft is cut another screw, and so on until the required
power is gained (ad infinitum). The power thus gained is as follows:-On
motion being given to the first shaft by means of a winch handle or other

page_text: means, it transmits a power of 150 times more (than that applied in the
first instance) to the disc, so it may be easy for any person acquainted with
mechanics to calculate the increase of power from one shaft to another, so to
obtain the power required. This motion is well adapted to the working of
ships' rudders, windlasses, cranes, hoisting, driving of vehicles on railway and
common roads, and almost every other purpose where multiplying power is
required, and be driven either by hand or steam, according to circumstances.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING WORSTED, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sharp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1859.
I, WILLIAM SHARP, of Bingley, in the County of York, Worsted Spinner
and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING WORSTED,
COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
In spinning or twisting yarns by the well-known frames called cap frames,
it is often found that when the machine is thrown out of gear, the threads
partially collapse and produce what is termed in the trade a "snarl." This
is produced by the centrifugal action of the thread when being wound upon
the spools or bobbins, and partly by the amount of twist given to the yarn.
The defect above mentioned I propose to remedy by the action of pressure
upon the threads, which upon some yarns may be continuous, whilst upon
others it may be so applied, that when the machine is at rest, the pressure
shall be such that it will gently hold the thread or operate as a slight drag
upon it, thereby preventing it from curling or producing the snarl. I propose
to effect the intended object by means of a balance lever, one of the ends of
which may be allowed to press against the cap (which partly covers the
bobbin, and round which the thread is carried), and the thread being between
the end of the lever and the bottom of the cap, will thereby exert a certain
amount of pressure upon the thread when in contact. This pressure I propose
to regulate partly by placing a moveable weight upon one arm of the lever,

page_text: and partly by means of a rod acting against the same lever arm, or by either,
and which rod has a raising and lowering motion given to it by means of
governor balls attached to the machine.
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to this mode of
producing the pressure upon the threads, as other modes for producing it 5
might by slight deviation be used.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Walter Eddy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1859.
I, CHARLES WALTER EDDY, of Kegworth, in the County of Leicester,
Master of Arts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in allowing a part of the corn, when cut, to fall on a
sloping platform, such platform to be formed of boards or other materials
placed at small intervals apart, and in these intervals there are placed in an
upright position slips of iron or of wood, having their upper edge cut into
steps; or, in lieu of these pieces of iron or wood, wires bent into similar form.
These slips of iron, or wood, or wires to be framed together, and attached by a
connecting rod to a crank, by the revolution of which crank they receive an
alternate motion, by means of which the corn which falls on the platform is
gradually thrown off it to the ground, and is thus removed out of the way of
the horses when traversing the ground which has been reaped for the purpose
of cutting the crop still standing. The aforesaid slips of iron or wood or wires
are either attached to the cutting bar of the machine or separate therefrom,
but in either case have a horizontal motion, or a motion approaching to the
horizontal, and thus as they traverse the sloping platform in one direction
project above it, and as they move in the opposite direction recede to a level
with or below the same. I also claim three methods of supporting the frame

page_text: of the aforesaid apparatus for delivering the corn, viz., either by hanging it on
slings working on a pivot, or by allowing it to work on guides or slides, or by
a combination of these two methods,
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GLASS FURNACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1859.
I, ISAAC WHITE, of Nailsea, in the County of Somerset, Glass Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GLASS FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The principal object of the present Invention is to reduce the interior
capacity of a glass furnace, and thus to economize fuel and accelerate the
process of founding by reducing the space to be kept hot without reducing the
size of the pots. In the ordinary sheet and crown glass furnaces the pots are
introduced at the ends of the furnace, and the furnace is covered with an arch,
which is either sprung from one end of the furnace to the other, or from one
side to the other. If sprung from the ends, the springing is generally from a
point somewhat above the setting hole, and if sprung from the sides, it is
generally at some distance above the working holes, and the arch is made of a
steep rise or inclination, to prevent "tears" or melted portions of the brick-
work from falling into the pots. The total height of the furnace is therefore
very considerable. The pots stand on shelves or "sieges" on each side of the
grate room or fire-place, whose width adds very considerably to the total width
of the furnace.
By my improvements I greatly reduce the capacity of the furnace; thus in
constructing a four-pot furnace I make the interior of the furnace a square,

page_text: just large enough to contain the four pots with the requisite amount of
clearance. I cover the furnace with a gothic arch or vault, or other suitable
arch, springing from the end walls at or about the level of the tops of the
pots; and I spring another much flatter arch from about the same level at each
side of the furnace, which arches carry the brickwork which fills in the space
above them up to the main arch. The space below these side arches is filled
up with loose brickwork, which is pulled down when a pot is to be removed,
and is rebuilt and well plastered up after a new pot has been introduced. Each
half of this wall is built separately, and can be pulled down separately. When
rebuilt, the working holes and foot holes are left or formed in the process
of building. By this means the end setting holes are dispensed with. The
furnace is heated by fires at the ends, which fires are partly outside and
partly inside the furnace, or may be altogether outside the furnace. The form
and proportions of the furnace admit of some variations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING, CUTTING, MOULDING, AND CARVING WOOD, STONE, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Banks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
October 1859.
I, JOHN HENRY BANKS, of the Medieval Works, Radnor Street, in the City
of Manchester, Sculptor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING, CUTTING, MOULDING, AND CARVING
WOOD, STONE, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in an improved combination of parts
forming a machine for boring, cutting, moulding, and carving wood, stone, and
other materials, and in certain improved rotary cutters to be used in boring,
cutting, moulding, and carving. The machine consists of a vertical spindle, to.
which rotary motion is given in any convenient manner, and an up-and-down
motion is also given to the spindle by a system of levers actuated by a treadle
or other suitable means. The boring, cutting, moulding, or carving tools are
fixed by set screws to to the spindle. These tools may be of the ordinary or of
my improved construction, the novelty of which consists in making a boring
tool somewhat similar to the usual centre bit, but with two cutting edges, and
two cutters depending from the extremities. The tool for cutting, moulding,
and carving consists of a cutting edge fitting in a circular block. This cutting
edge is secured by a set screw or wedge, and an opening is left in the block
for the shavings or parings to escape. The finishing tools are made with

page_text: grooves and projections as in float files. Another of my improved tools
consists of a flat circular saw, which is fixed to the spindle in a diagonal posi-
tion, and is used for sinking pannels or otherwise recessing the article to be
cut or carved.
The article to be operated upon is fixed or placed on a table, which is fur-
nished with racks gearing into pinions; two of these pinions gear into two
racks for giving the transverse motion to the table, and another pinion gears
into another rack for giving the longitudinal motion; the table is also provided
with a circular plate acted upon by a worm or pinion. By this means the
article can be moved in any direction while being operated upon.
IMPROVE- MENTS APPLICABLE TO LETTER BOXES AND OTHER LIKE RECEPTACLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1859.
I, THOMAS EDWARDS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO LETTER BOXES AND OTHER LIKE RECEPTACLES," to be as
follows (that is to say):
The object of this Invention is to obtain greater security against the
fraudulent extraction of letters or other articles deposited in letter boxes and
other like receptacles, and which is accomplished by closing or cutting off the
communication between the upper and lower portions of the box during the
time the receiving port is open for the admission of the letters and so forth
thereinto.
To apply this Invention to (say) an ordinary letter box such as are usually
placed on the backs of doors, within the box at any convenient distance below the
opening for the insertion of the letters, a flap valve is jointed horizontally across
the back of the box, and which hangs vertically down when the flap or port
of the receiving opening is closed, but the moment the receiving port is opened
this hinged flap valve or trap door is brought up so as to divide the interior
of the box into two distinct chambers.
Motion is communicated to the dividing flap valve from the flap which
closes the receiving mouth to which it its connected by means of suitable
connecting rods or links on each side, which work within spaces formed within

page_text: the sides of the box (it being preferred to form the sides of the box double for
the purpose). The upper ends of these connecting links are jointed to short
arms or levers which are attached to and project behind the upper flap, and
the lower ends are jointed to the sides of the trap.flap.
When a letter or other article is introduced into this improved letter box it
first falls upon the trap flap, but the moment the flap closing the exterior
opening through which it was introduced falls to its vertical position on the
withdrawal of the pressure required to open it for the insertion of the letter
the trap flap. falls vertically down against the back of the box, and the letter
falls to the bottom of the box and there remains until removed in a legitimate
way.
AN IMPROVED TRITURATING APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred James Hawkes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1859.
I, ALFRED JAMES HAWKES, of Jewin Crescent, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TRITURATING
APPARATUS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention having reference to an improved triturating apparatus,
whereby the operation of pounding or pulverizing by means of a pestle and
mortar, through the medium of machinery or apparatus, may be more
expeditiously and effectually performed than hitherto, consists in imparting
to the pestle a combined vertical and rotatory action, in place of the simple
rotatory movement as at present, the said action being given through the
intervention of toothed pinion and eccentric gear direct from the winch handle
or crank motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Champney at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1859.
I, GEORGE CHAMPNEY, of Halsham, in the East Riding of the County of
York, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction, arrangement, and com-
bination of the various component parts of reaping machines to be worked by
horses or other power. According to this Invention the corn is cut by means
of a series of circular saws driven by straps and pullies form a suitable driving
spindle in the body of the machine. The cut corn falls on to an endless
inclined travelling sheet which conveys it from the cutters towards the hind
portion of the machine, where a receiving box or "type" is placed, into
which the corn collects. This box or "type" is fitted with moveable doors
which are opened at the bottom, and simultaneously closed at or near the
top to prevent more corn entering, when sufficient corn is collected in the
bottom part to bind into a sheaf by means of a lever worked by the foot of the
attendant, the corn in falling to the ground out of the "type" catches a straw
band placed beneath to receive it, and then it lies on the ground ready to be
bound up and stooked; the top doors are then opened and the bottom doors
closed until a sufficient supply is again collected in the box or "type" for
another sheaf, when the operations are repeated. When travelling over
uneven ground, or crossing furrows and lands, it is necessary that the cutting

page_text: mechanism and front portion of the machine should be kept at an even and
regulated distance from the ground, and this is accomplished by means of a
lever and moveable frame. In order to protect the corn from the wheels on the
near side of the machine and lay it ready for the saws more casily to catch it
the next time in passing, a guard or screen, consisting of a board, is placed
outside and in advance of the near front wheel, and extending to the main
wheel in an oblique position, so that any corn coming in contact therewith
would be thrown well off and slightly laid or inclined inwards, so that the
machine in passing the next time would more readily catch it. A scaffolding
or platform is affixed to the binder part of the machine for the purpose of
accommodating the attendants necessary for working the parts of the machine,
and also for managing the entry of the corn and its binding into sheaves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING HEAT SUBSERVIENT FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Leonard Marc Debain at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd.
April 1859.
I, PIERRE LEONARD MARC DEBAIN, of Paris (France), Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAKING HEAT SUBSERVIENT FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
These improvements in making heat subservient for producing motive
power consist in arrangements by which the heat obtained by causing com-
pressed air to be injected and burned on a burner or fire-place situated in the
interior of a suitable vessel serves for evolving steam or other elastic vapor
from water or other suitable liquid or solution contained in a boiler, in which
this burned air is allowed to enter, by which arrangement consequently the
evolution of steam or vapor and the concentration of the solution or liquid
are obtained simultaneously, while the steam or vapor is further caused to act
on the elastic diaphragm, with which is provided a motive-power transmitting
vessel, forming the subject of an application for a Provisional Protection
deposited by me this day; and after having acted, this steam or vapor is, by
means of slide valves or other suitable arrangements, caused to enter into a
second boiler containing a liquid more easily vaporizable than that contained
in the first boiler, such, for instance, as alcohol, and by which means vapor or
steam is evolved from this liquid, and made to act again on another of my
diaphragmatical vessels, from which the said steam or vapor may again be
carried further in a similar manner to another boiler containing a liquid more

page_text: easily vaporizable than the two preceding ones, such, for instance, as liquor
ammonia, and so on to more boilers and diaphragmatic vessels, or the said
steam or vapor may be carried off to condensors or otherwise, while the
impetus transmitted to the diaphragmatic vessels form the motive power
generated by this arrangement. The compression of the air required for
injecting in the air fire-place or burner may take place by the effect of the
lost vapor or steam acting on one or more diaphragmatic vessels, or by any
other suitable means. The burner or small fire-place for burning the com-
pressed air consists of a funnel and a vessel, which may be closed and opened
by suitable valves so as to allow coal to fall from the funnel in the fire-place
without loss of pressure in the interior of this latter; or the same result may
be obtained by means of a sort of paddle-wheel rotating as air-tight as
possible in a circular box in which the coal falls from a funnel.
A NEW PREPARATION OF INDIGO FOR DYEING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
1st April 1859. A communication from Messieurs Depoully, Frères,
residing at Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW PREPARATION OF
INDIGO FOR DYEING," (communicated to me by Messieurs Depoully, Frères,
residing at Paris,) to be as follows:-
This new preparation is obtained by treating indigo with alkaline earths,
such as lime, baryta, &c., and by preference with these earths partly saturated
with such acids as sulphurous, phosphorous, cyanhydrous.
The following is an example of the manner in which the preparation is
made:-The indigo, reduced to fine powder, is mixed with three times its
weight of slacked lime, also in a state of powder, and previously subjected to
the action of sulphurous acid. These substances are thoroughly mixed, and
have added to them sufficient water to form a semi-liquid paste, in which state
they are heated and maintained for about two hours at from 140° to 160°
Fahrenheit, being constantly stirred, and water being added to take the placo
of that passed off by evaporation. This new preparation may be preserved in a
state of paste, or may be dried and formed into cakes or into powder.
IMPROVED MEANS OF RAISING THE BLADES OF SCREWS EMPLOYED TO PROPEL SHIPS, AND APPA- BATUS FOR GETTING AT SUCH SCREWS, AND FOR PERFORMING OTHER OPERATIONS UNDER WATER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Eastman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1859.
I, THOMAS EASTMAN, R. N., of Southsea, in the County of Hants, Naval
Instructor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF RAISING THE BLADES OF SCREWS EMPLOYED TO PROPEL SHIPS, AND APPA-
BATUS FOR GETTING AT SUCH SCREWS, AND FOR PERFORMING OTHER OPERATIONS UNDER
WATER," to be as follows:-
My Invention, as far as concerns the raising of screws, refers to such as are
formed with blades capable of being removed from the boss, and especially to
those screws the subject of Provisional Protection granted to me the 30th
August 1859, No. 1973.
I pass a screwed shaft through the lower deck, or other suitable support,
over the screw employed to propel the vessel, and work this shaft up and
down, as required, by means of a nut resting on the deck or support. Instead
of a screwed shaft and nut a rack and pinion may be employed. To keep the
lower end of the shaft in its true position, I pass a guide in the shape of a
cross head or bar through a loop therein; both ends of the bar are notched,
and work on rails provided for the purpose; the extreme end of the shaft
carries a hook, and each screw blade has an aperture or "eye" formed for
the reception of the hook. The "well," so objectionable, particularly in ships
of war, is entirely dispensed with.

page_text: The apparatus for working under water consists of a tube closed at bottom,
formed of some waterproof material, or fabric made waterproof, and fitted at
intervals with hoops for keeping the tube distended; a rope ladder is suspended
or placed inside the tube, and sight holes fitted with glass or other transparent
material are formed at intervals; one or more pairs of waterproof sleeves,
provided or not at their extremities with elastic gloves, are fitted in the tube.
To hoist the screw blades, the screwed shaft is lowered to its fullest extent;
a man enters the tube and goes down the ladder, places his arms through the
sleeves and disconnects one blade from the boss, and engages the hook at tho
end of the shaft into the eye in the blade; the threaded shaft is then raised,
whereby the blade is drawn up; another hook, that of a tackle, is hooked into
the eye, the first hook is then disengaged, and the blade is hauled up by the
tackle through an opening in the lower deck. The propelling screw shaft is
turned to bring another blade into position for being raised, and the operations
are repeated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING OR STIFFENING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Major Booth and James Farmer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 5th February 1859.
We, MAJOR BOOTH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Finisher,
and JAMES FARMER, of Salford, in the same County, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING OR
STIFFENING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in so passing the goods through the size or other
stiffening substance that one side thereof only becomes coated, and in so
removing the superabundant quantity that it shall not fall again on to them.
An arrangement we employ for effecting these objects is as follows:-The
sizing bowl or roller is partly immersed as usual in a vessel containing the
stiffening substance, but we cause the goods so to pass into the machine that
they shall arrive in contact with the said roller above the level of the fluid,
and pass out after the same manner.
The squeezing rollers we place so much on one side of the machine as will
enable the stiffening matter to fall clear of the goods which are passing
between them.
To the sizing bowle or roller we adapt a doctor which scrapes off any
stiffening matter that may have got to its surface, and we also apply a doctor
to one or both of the squeezing rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND EMBOSSING DIES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thomas Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1859.
I, JOSEPH THOMAS WOOD, of the Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Embosser and Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND EMBOSSING DIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing dies by screwing a block or blocks of
steel containing the required word, letter, figure, or device on to a foundation
plate, and in surrounding the block or blocks with a frame embossed with any
required design or device; the frame rests upon the foundation plate, and the
top of the block or blocks and frame when ready for the press form a level
surface. The whole may be printed in colors, or the block or blocks may be
in one or more colors, the frame being removed to allow of the application
of color, and the embossing on the frame plain, or the frame embossing may be
in color and the block or blocks plain or in different color from the embossing
on the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Telford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1859.
I, RICHARD TELFORD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Cabinet
Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object, in the first place, the construction of castors
in such a manner as to relieve the centre pin from the strain to which it is
ordinarily subjected, by transferring the same to the lower part of the socket
and to the upper part of the horn or carriage. For this purpose the upper
part of the horn or carriage is formed with a hook at the back which embraces
a projecting flange on the lower edge of the socket, whilst the rest of the
upper face of the horn or carriage is plain, and merely presses against the
lower face of the socket; by this means when the weight is put on the castor
the downward strain is sustained by the hook which embraces a portion of the
projecting flange of the socket, and the upward strain is borne principally by
the front portion of the horn or carriage bearing up against the socket, thereby
relieving the centre pin or stud from strain, except such as is due to the
keeping of the horn or carriage steady so that it may turn easily on the pin as
a centre. The required connection between the lower part of the socket and
the upper part of the horn or carriage may be formed by means of a groove
instead of a flange or by other means, so long as the forms and arrangements

page_text: of these parts be adapted to sustain the upward and downward strains in the
manner above stated.
My Invention has for its object, in the second place, the application of
springs to castors in such a manner as to render them self-adjusting, or capable
of accommodating themselves to uneven surfaces over which they may run.
For this purpose a spring or springs of the required strength is or are applied
to the centre pin, so as to have a bearing against a collar or other fixed part
of the socket by means of which the centre pin is immediately restored to its
vertical position when the uneven part of the surface is passed over. The
form of the spring, and the material of which it is composed, and also the mode
of applying it, may be varied.
And my Invention consists, in the last place, in the manufacture of dumb
castors composed of glass or other material, adapted for bearing weights and
sliding smoothly over carpets or such like surfaces, in the form of a solid half
ball with a stem having a screw thread on it, by which it may be screwed into
furniture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PAYING-OUT AND POR RECOVERING OR PICKING UP SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH ROPES, CABLES, OR CHAINS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Canning and Henry
Clifford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,. with their
Petition, on the 12th January 1859.
We, SAMUEL CANNING and HENRY CLIFFORD,. both of Leadenhall Street, in
the City of London, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven--
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PAYING-OUT AND POR RECOVERING
OR PICKING UP SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH ROPES, CABLES, OR CHAINS," to be as
follows:-
gear,
This machinery consists of one or more grooved pulleys. or rollers each
having a jockey pulley or roller with levers working into it; these levers may
be either simple or compound, and are raised or lowered by screw or other
for the purpose of regulating the speed in paying out or picking up
cables, ropes, or chains. On the shaft of each of the grooved pulleys or rollers
a break or friction wheel is fixed, fitted with friction straps of wood, leather,
or other suitable material; or we fix on each shaft of the grooved pulleys or
rollers a friction roller with another intermediate roller running between or on
them; this intermediate roller is so arranged, that it is capable of being raised
or lowered by lever, screw, or other gear, so as to press down on the other friction
rollers, acting both as brake or friction rollers, or as the means of connecting
together the grooved pulleys or rollers; and we propose to make these friction
rollers on the shafts of the grooved rollers either of the same or of different
diameters. In this arrangement of grooved pulleys or rollers, and jockey

page_text: pulleys or rollers, the cable, rope; or chain, passes through the machine in a
straight line, without passing partly or entirely round any wheels or drums, as
heretofore, and by releasing the pressure of the jockey pulleys the cable is free
from all vis inertia and friction of the machinery. The last pulley or roller of
the machine can be made the stern wheel, but has no jockey pulley working
in it; it is carried on a movable frame that works on a centre in the end of
the fixed frame of the machine; this movable frame is supported at the
outer end by a strong spring, so as to yield to any extra strain that may come
upon the cable, and by means of levers and rods connected with this movable
frame to the jockey pulleys, they will be raised at once, so as immediately to
relieve the cable from any undue pressure to which it may be subjected. A
spring balance or steel yard can be applied to these levers to indicate the
amount of strain.
The machinery for picking-up cables consists of the ordinary winding drum
and spur gear; but in addition to this, we apply the grooved roller and jockey
pulley or roller worked by bevil or spur gear, or bands and pulleys, so as to
draw off the cable from the drum as it is picked up; or we use the grooved
pulleys or rollers with jockey pulleys (without the drum), as in paying-out
cables, but in this instance they are geared together..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF BUCKLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1859.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 77, Aldermanbury, in the City of London, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BUCKLES," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in the making or forming a loop to square or whole
frame buckles so that the strap can be attached to the buckle without having
a hole cut in it.
AN IM- PROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTATING WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1859.
I, JOHN HARRISON, of Bermondsey, Southwark, in the County of Surrey,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTATING WINDOW SASHES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-It relates to window sashes which are so
contrived as to turn on centres, so that the outside of the sash may be turned
inside and the inside turned out. The great objection hitherto to the use of
such has been owing to the way in which they are constructed, the joint
between the sash bar and the pulley piece, or rather between the former and
the suspended sliding, being a flush or even one; it is impossible with such a
construction to prevent the rain and wind passing through this joint into the
interior of the building. The main objects of my Invention are to render the
aforesaid joint weather tight, and at the same to fix the sash so as to prevent it
rotating except when required. I effect this in the following manner :-I cut
a groove in each side sash bar, and a corresponding one opposite in each
suspended sliding piece or in the pulley piece, according as the window has a
pair or a single sash. Within the groove in the sash bar I place a strip of
metal or wood, and attach it to small radiating rods fixed at each end so as to
cause it, when operated upon, to move parallel to itself in a vertical plane
similar to a parallel rule; I actuate this slip by means of a key acting upon a
lever, which in its turn presses upon the slip, causing it to move outwards into

page_text: the groove in the sliding piece opposite, so that one part being in one groove
and another in the other, it forms a partition between them, and so closes the
joint against the passage of wind or rain. By arranging the slips in such a
way that when the sashes are open, that is, either drawn down or up, its end shall
project a little beyond the top sash bar of the upper sash, or below the bottom
bar of the under sash, it will be evident that when the upper sash is closed by
being pushed up, the window frame will press upon the slip and cause it to
pass into both grooves; the under one upon being pressed down will act
similarly on its slip, thus closing the joint, and preventing the sash frame from
rotating until the slips are moved back by means of a key or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS OR COMPOUNDS USED WHEN CLEANING GLASS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Taperell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1859.
I, ALFRED TAPERELL, of 37, Moorgate Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS
OR COMPOUNDS USED WHEN CLEANING GLASS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in compositions or compounds
used when cleaning glass. For these purposes a decoction is made of Brazil
wood, peach wood, and alum, which is mixed with sifted whitening, and also.
with a composition of soap and chalk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF CERTAIN REFUSE OR MATERIALS ARISING FROM OR ACCRUING IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Wilson, Edward Brown
Wilson, and Frederick Augustus Dobbin Nugent Power, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th August
1859.
We, FREDERICK WILSON, of Florence, in the State of Tuscany, Engineer,
EDWARD BROWN WILSON, of 85, Parliament Street, in the City of West-
minster, Engineer, and FREDERICK AUGUSTUS DOBBIN NUGENT POWER, of 38,
Inverness Terrace, Hyde Park, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE EMPLOYMENT OF CERTAIN REFUSE OR MATERIALS ARISING FROM OR ACCRUING
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of the refuse matter or residuum
accumulating in the retorts of gas works to certain metallurgical processes,
and to the manufacture of crucibles, melting pots, the fire-places of furnaces,
and generally of all articles intended to resist or withstand intense heat.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ the refuse or residuum
accumulating in gas retorts mixed with coke or other fuel in the manufacture
of iron, steel, and other metals, such mixture being applicable in all those
stages of the process of manufacture wherein the metal operated upon is
submitted to the action of heat. By the admixture of the refuse matter
herein-before mentioned with the fuel employed in the manufacture or pro-

page_text: duction of iron and steel, the quality of the metal produced is considerably
improved. The same residuum or material matter may also be advantageously
employed when combined with fire-clay or other suitable ingredients in the
making of retorts, crucibles, melting pots, and in the lining or covering of the
hearths or fire-places of furnaces, and generally in all cases where the action 5
of intense heat is to be resisted.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Sluce, Owen
Murrell, and William Hudson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th June 1859.
We, WILLIAM JAMES SLUCE, of Bethnall Green Road, in the County of
Middlesex, OWEN MURRELL, of Edward Street, Bethnall Green Road, afore-
said, and WILLIAM HUDSON, of Hackney Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in directing a flow of water through the pipe employed
for conveying steam from a steam boiler of the ordinary kind to the cylinder of
a steam engine or other purpose to which such steam is required to be applied,
the object and intention of this Invention being to economize fuel, and also to
enable a small boiler to do the work of a large one by generating steam not
only in the boiler, but likewise in the steam pipe leading therefrom, which is
effected as follows:-To the upper part of the steam pipe immediately over
the steam boiler, the water pipe is connected, the water being admitted by a
suitable cock or valve. The aforesaid steam pipe passes through the flues
of the furnace, and from thence to the engine, &c. The effect of this arrange-
ment is as follows:-As the water enters the steam pipe it mixes with the
steam, and is carried and forced thereby in small particles through the course
of the steam pipe, which said pipe being highly heated, readily converts the

page_text: water into steam, and thus increases the volume of steam passing through the
steam pipe, and it is this mode of combining water with steam, and afterwards
subjecting them to heat, that constitutes our improved method of generating
steam.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSES FOR COMPRESSING COTTON AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July
1859.
I, SAMUEL WILSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSES FOR COMPRESSING COTTON AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the adaptation of a novel combination of an
improved description of lever press, with an arrangement of hydraulic press,
for pressing cotton and other articles, and is so designed and arranged that the
cotton may be gradually compressed and brought into form by the power of
the lever press, and receive the final pressure from the hydraulic press, which
finishes the operation of pressing it into what is termed a bale. The lever press
consists of two levers or bars hinged together, and forming a central joint, to
which one end of a bar or rod is attached, its opposite end being connected
with a worm toothed quadrant actuated by a worm driven by bevil gearing, so
that as a bar is moved by the worm quadrant the levers diverge or open, and
thus become elongated, and cause a piston or "follower" attached, gradually
to press down the cotton & other articles, (which is filled loosely into a trunk
or continuous chamber) into a "box;" it is then continued to be pressed and
propelled down the trunk or chamber until it is sufficiently reduced in bulk,
and arrived at a position to be finally pressed or finished by the greater power
of an ordinary description of hydraulic press. At this portion of the trunk or

page_text: chamber two or more bars or a plate of metal is placed across it to prevent
the compressed cotton rising again and receding from the hydraulic pressure
(which presses upwards or in a reverse direction to the levers); by this means
a second "box" is formed in which the "bale" is retained until secured, the
"box" being provided with doors or opening sides for the facility of binding
or securing the bale, and for its removal when finished.