Improvements in Gas and Oil Engines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Gas and Oil Engines.
I, JOHN GEORGE AULSEBROOK KITCHEN, of 44, Albert Road, Alexandra Park,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention consists in improvements applicable more particularly to small
engines for motor cars actuated by vapourised benzine, petrol and similar liquid
hydro-carbons, most of which improvements are also applicable to other gas and
petroleum engines. Said improvements relate to the compression chambers, cooling
of the cylinders, connecting rod ends, valves and valve motion, and the carburetter.
My improvement in the construction or arrangement of the compression chamber
of said engines consists in forming the same of a shallow cylindrical compartment
at the outer end of the cylinder and connected by several short pipes of small
diameter to a similar shallow chamber or compartment, to which preterably the
valve chambers are attached, the object being to keep the outer chamber and
valves as cool as possible without water jacketing.
The improvement in arrangements for cooling the cylinder consists in enclos-
ing the crank in a chamber in the way usual for small engines used on motor cars
and forming the chamber with or connecting the reto a tube surrounding the cylin-
der nearly to its back end, so as to leave a narrow annular space between the cylin-
der and tube through which air is drawn by the piston on its return stroke, the
air being expelled again during the forward stroke through the annular space or
partly this space and partly through a light valve of any suitable kind arranged
on the crank casing so as to open outwards under a very light pressure and close
again selfactingly when air is drawn in during the return stroke of the piston.
The crank pin bearings of said engines are subject to continual shocks as the
direction of the pressure on the same during the suction stroke and when the
governor causes the suction to miss is opposite to that during the expansion or
compression strokes, said shocks causing a rapid wear of the crank pins and bushes.
To obviate these shocks, I insert the crankpin bush into a ring of rather hard
india rubber, dermatine or like material, which is pressed into the enlarged con-
necting rod end.
My improvement in valves consists in forming the scaling surface of the valve
of an asbestos washer so fixed that the current of gas past the same cannot derange
or damage it. For this purpose form the valve stem with a flat disc having a
deep returned rim so as to form a cup, and recess the rim on the inside next to
the disc to receive the edge of a washer of asbestos fabric, which is secured to the
disc by a nut screwed upon the valve stem or equivalent means. The seating for
the valve is formed raised and the rim of the valve dise overhangs the seating when
the valve is closed, so that the current of gas passing when the valve is opened 's
deflected from the asbestos washer, and the edges of the latter cannot become
frayed or dissolved by the current.
For opening the valve as required once in every four strokes in engines on the

page_text: fourstroke principle, I fix on the crankshaft two diametrically opposite pins or
equivalent teeth, and mount a pin in a cross head fixed to the valve spindle a four
toothed wheel of suitable shape, the teeth of which are encountered by the pins
twice during each revolution, whereby the wheel is turned by a quarter revolu-
tion each time. One of the teeth is prolonged and so formed that its top in the
position in which it is left by the preceding quarter turn of the wheel is in the
path of the pin which enters a hollow in the top of the tooth and while turning it
at the same time pushes back the wheel and crosshead and thereby opens the valve
once during every two revolutions. Frictional resistance or light spring stops are
applied to the wheel to hold it in position when the pins or their equivalents are
not acting on it. The valve is closed and the wheel returned to its position after
the pin has left the long tooth by a spring as usual.
My further improvement consists in an improved construction or arrangement
of a carburetter for engines on motor cars and the like, for carburetting the air
drawn into the engine by vapour of benzine, petrol or similar hydrocarbon. The
carburetter consists of a closed vertical chamber having an air inlet at its lower
end and an outlet for the carburetted air at the top. Through the bottom of the
chamber the pipe supplying the liquid passes and is furnished with a regulating
cock outside of the chamber. The pipe supports a horizontal disc or tray having
a fine hole in the centre for the liquid to pass through. Preferably the disc con-
sists of a saucer shaped metal tray into which a ground glass plate is cemented.
Upon this disc another disc rests loosely, being likewise formed of an inverted
saucer with a plate of ground glass. The metal part is formed with a stem on
which a cylindrical weight is fixed. To the fixed dise are attached suitable arms
carrying a ring which encircles the cylindrical weight at a suitable height above the
disc. The action of this arrangement is as follows: In consequence of the vibra-
tions of the motor car or other vehicle and of the engine the weight shakes about
inside the ring, thereby lifting the dise attached to it on one side or another off
the fine hole in the lower disc, through which the liquid can then overflow or to
the fixed disc. As the weighted disc drops down again upon the fixed disc, the
liquid is squeezed out at the edges and splashed about in fine drops, which mixing
with the air are vapourized and carburet it, the mixture passing on to the inlet
valve and cylinder.
1000
OCOL Jun& TO
1000
ing to
Dated this 29th day
R. J. URQUHART,
57, Barton Arcade, Manchester,
Harrington Chambers, 24, North John Street, Liverpool,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.
Improvements in Gas and Oil Engines.
1, JOHN GEORGE AULSEBROOK KITCHEN, of 44, Albert Road, Alexandra Park,
Manchest. r. in the County of Lancaster, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention consists in improvements applicable more particularly to small
engines for motor cars actuated by vapourized benzine or similar volatile liquid
hydrocarbons, most of which improvements are also applicable to other gas and
petroleum engines. Said improvements relate to the connecting rod ends, valves
and valve motions and the carburetters.

page_text: on the drawing appended ne
with my improvement applied thereto in section and elevation,
Figue the improved valve in section,
Figure 4 the improved carburetter in section,
Figure 5 the improved valve motion and
Figure 6 a modification thereof.
The crankpin bearings of said engines are subject to continual shocks as the
direction of the pressure on the same during the suction stroke and when the
governor cau-es the suction to miss is opposite to that during the expansion and
compression strokes, said shocks causing a rapid wear of the crankpins and bushes.
To obviate these shocks, I insert the crankpin bush into a ring of rather hard
india rubber, dermatine or like material which is compressed into the enlarged
connecting rod end. Figures 1 and 2 show one way of carrying out this improve-
ment. Upon the crankpin a on the crank a¹ a bush 6 having flanges b is placed
and surrounding the bush an elastic ring c of the aforesaid materials. The enl
of the connecting rod d and the cap d' are recessed to fit over the ring. The bush b
may be made with solid flanges as shewn, in which case the ring c will be made in
halves so as to be fitted into its place or the bush b may be made with one of
the flanges b' screwed on to it, in which case the ring c may be in one piece.
My improvement in valves is shewn on Figure 3, and consists in forming the
sealing surface of the valve of an asbestos washer so fixed that the current of gas
past the same cannot derange or damage it. For this purpose, I form the valve
stem e with a flat disc e¹ having a deep returned rim so as to form a cup and
place into the cup an asbestos washer f, which is secured to the disc by a washer g
and nut screwed upon the valve stem e or by equivalent means.
In some
cases the rim 2 may be recessed next to the disc to receive the edge of the washer f.
The seating for the valve is formed raised and the rim e of the valve disc el over-
hangs the seating when the valve is closed, so that the current of gas passing when
the valve is opened is deflected from the asbestos washer, if the current passes
from the underside through the seating, or does not come into contact with the
washer, if the current passes from the outside of the valve into the seating. In
either case the edges of the asbestos washer are protected and cannot become frayed
or dissolved by the current, and the use of asbestos washers for valves for hot
gases is thus rendered practicable.
Referring now to Figure 5, for opening the exhaust valve of gas or oil engines
once in every four strokes as required in engines on the four stroke principle, I
fix on the crankshaft i two diametrically opposite pins or equivalent teeth, and
on a pin in a crosshead attached to the spindle actuating the valve in any
usual way, I mount a four toothed wheel m of a suitable shape, such as shewn on
the drawing, the teeth of which are encountered by the pins k twice during each
revolution of the crank shaft i, whereby the wheel m is turned by a quarter revo-
lution each time. Small recesses n¹ are formed on the side of the wheel m, into
which a centre point or its equivalent at the end of a spring blade n fixed to the
crosshead engages and secures the wheel m in the position in which it is left by
the action of the pins k. One of the teeth. m³, is prolonged and formed as shewn
so that its top in the position in which it is left by the preceding quarter turn of
the wheel is in the path of the next acting pin K, which enters a hollow in the
top of the tooth and while turning it at the same time pushes back the wheel m
and crosshead and thereby opens the valve once during every two revolutions of
the shaft i. After the pin has left the long tooth the valve is closed and the wheel
returned to its position by a spring as usual.
Figure 6 represents a modification of the arrangement, the wheel m being re-
placed by a four toothed scallop or Geneva stop wheel o, in which one of the spaces
is partly filled up as shewn at o¹. The shaft or a disc p keyed upon it has two
teeth which turn the wheel o by a quarter turn twice during each revolu-
tion of the shaft. When a tooth p¹ encounters the space o¹ it pushes the wheel o

page_text: back while at the same time turning it and thus opens the valve in a similar man-
ner as in the arrangement represented by Figure 5.
My further improvement consists in an improved construction or arrangement
of a carburetter for engines on motor cars and the like for carburetting the air
drawn into the engine by the vapour of benzine or similar volatile hydrocarbon.
The improved carburetter which is shewn by Figure 4 in section, consists of a
closed vertical chamber having an air inlet r¹ at its lower end and an outlet
for the carburetted air at the top. Through the bottom of the chamber the pipe
supplying the liquid passes and is furnished with a regulating cock s¹ outside the
chamber r. The pipes supports a horizontal dise or tray having a fine hole in the
centre for the liquid to pass through. Preferably the disc consists of a saucer
shaped metal tray into which a ground glass plate is cemented. Upon the
disc another disc rests loosely, being likewise formed of an inverted saucert with
a plate of ground glass. The metal saucer t is formed with a stem to which a
cylindrical weight 2 is attached. To the fixed disc are attached suitable arms
carrying a ring which encircles the weight at a suitable height above the dise.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:
In consequence of the vibrations of the motor car or other vehicle and of the
engine, the weight 2 shakes about inside the ring a, thereby lifting the disc attached
to the weight on one side or another off the fine hole in the lower fixed dise, through
which the liquid can then overflow on to the fixed disc. As the weighted dise
drops down again upon the fixed dise, the liquid is squeezed out at the edges and
splashed about in fine drops, which mixing with the air passing through the
chamber rare vapourized and carburet it, the mixture passing on to the inlet
valve and cylinder. Preferably a cone is formed on the metal tray 2, down
which any oil dropping down must flow and encounter the air current at the bottom
edge of the cone and thus be vapourized.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
:-
1. The insertion of a ring of hard indiarubber, dermatine or like material
between the connecting rod end and the crank pin bush of a gas or oil engine sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the
drawings.
2. In gas and oil engine valves the formation of the sealing face of the valve of
an asbestos washer protected at the edges against fraying, substantially as here-
inbefore described with reference to Fig. 3 of the drawing.
3. The arrangement or construction of valve motion or mechanism for gas and
oil engines on the four strokes principle substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to Figure 5 of the drawings.
4. The modification of the valve motion for gas and oil engines on the four
strokes principle substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 6
of the drawings.
5. The construction or arrangement of a carburetter for oil vapour engines for
motor cars and the like substantially as herein before described with reference to
Fig. 4 of the drawings.
Dated the 99th day of March 1900