IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING YARN AND THREAD
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Willis and George Chell, both of Longsight,
near the City of Manchester, Machine Makers, for the Invention. of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING YARN
AND THREAD."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Willis and George
Chell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th May 1857.
We, THOMAS WILLIS and GEORGE CHELL, both of Longsight, near the City
of Manchester, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND
WINDING YARN AND THREAD," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates in part to certain additions to or improvements
upon the machinery for which former Letters Patent were granted to the
within-named Thomas Willis, viz, No. 10,720, dated 12 June, 1845, and
No. 14,151, dated 1st June 1852, but it is also applicable to other machinery
now in use.
Our Invention consists in driving the vertical spindles of winding machines

page_text: by friction and gravitation or toothed wheels, instead of driving them by bands
as heretofore; the spindles are at right angles to the driving shaft, and a
pulley or pinion on the spindle is made to rest upon or bear against a disc or
gear into a wheel on the driving shaft; also in a self-acting motion for stop-
ping the spindle or pin bobbin, or both, when the yarn or thread breaks or
ceases to be supplied; this is effected by passing the thread through a suit-
able vibrating instrument, so that when the thread breaks the instrument falls,
and stops the spindle or pin bobbin.
Our Invention consists in improved machinery for making the delivery of
the yarn or thread correspond to the variations in the quantity taken up by
the spindle, such variations being occasioned by the conical shape of the pin
bobbin. This machinery also serves to regulate the drag, and to free or loosen
the yarn from the hank or skein; this is effected by means of compensating
levers acted upon by the copping motion, the threads being acted upon by
rods supported by the said compensating levers. Also, in an improved com-
bination of machinery for varying the speed of the spindle, so as to compensate
for the different diameters of the conical part of the pin bobbin; and in an
improved mode of retarding the delivery of the yarn, so as to obtain an even
and sufficient drag; this may be accomplished by conical pulleys, or gear,
or other suitable mechanism. When the spindles are driven by friction the
driving shaft may be moved endwise, to vary the speed of the spindles. The
drag is obtained by a weight sliding on a lever.
The above-described improvements are partly applicable to machinery for
spinning and doubling.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Willis and George Chell in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
WILLIS and GEORGE CHELL, both of Longsight, near the City of Manchester,
Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Thomas Willis and George Chell, Her special licence that we,

page_text: the said Thomas Willis and George Chell, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Willis and George Chell,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING,
DOUBLING, AND WINDING YARN AND THREAD," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Thomas Willis and George Chell, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their, or one of.
our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office.
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Willis and George Chell, do.
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):-
The nature of our said Invention consists,-
First, in driving the vertical spindles of winding machines by friction
and gravitation or toothed wheels, instead of driving them by bands as here-
tofore.
Secondly, in certain self-acting motions applicable to machines for spinning,
doubling, and winding, for stopping the spindle, or pin bobbin, or both, when
the yarn or thread breaks or ceases to be supplied.
Thirdly, in improved machinery for delivering the yarn or thread to the
bobbin in the proportion required by the conical shape of the bobbin; this
improved machinery also serving to regulate the drag of the yarn or thread,
and to free or loosen it from the hank or skein.
And, lastly, in varying the speed of the spindles and bobbins, to compensate
for the different diameters of the conical part of the bobbins, by giving a
lateral to-and-fro motion to the shaft with the friction discs by which the
spindles are driven.
In order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, we will proceed to describe the means pursued by us, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings and to the figures and
letters marked thereon.

page_text: Figures 1 and 2 are a front view and section of part of a winding machine,
constructed in the manner described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to the within-named Thomas Willis in 1852, to which part of our
present improvements are applied. We wish, however, to remark that our
Invention can also be applied to other machines for winding. a is the pin
bobbin; b, the spindle, connected to the bobbin in the ordinary manner; c, the
traverse or copping rail; d, the cup or presser, in which the bobbin is sup-
ported while the yarn or thread is wound on it. These cups or pressers are
attached to the longitudinal rail e; and f is another rail, for supporting the
spindles b. These parts, and the others not shewn in the Drawings, or not
particularly referred to hereafter, are made as heretofore customary. g is a
horizontal shaft, extending the whole length of the machine, to which shaft
are fixed the friction pulleys h; the friction discs i, passing through the rail f
bear upon the pulleys h, consequently, when the shaft g revolves, the pulleys h
impart motion to the discs i and to the spindles 6 which pass through the
discs i.
On referring to Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, it will be seen that in some cases we
also make the outer surfaces of the friction pulleys h and discs i bevelled,
instead of straight, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2; and the dotted lines h¹ in
Figure 5 represent that the friction pulley h may be made with two bearing
surfaces, to drive two of the discs i and spindles b. The contact surfaces of the
pulleys and discs i may be furnished with cogs or teeth, thereby driving
the spindles by toothed wheels instead of friction and gravitation.
The second part of our Invention, relating to the stopping of the spindle
or pin, bobbin, or both, when the yarn or thread breaks or ceases to be supplied,
is shewn in Figure 2. kis a forked bracket, seen best in Figures 7, 8, and 9,
screwed to the rail c; and is a hook or instrument suspended to the yarn or
thread, which is indicated by the dotted line m. This hook may either be
made of wire, as shewn in Figures 2 and 6, or a light metal casting, such as
is shewn in Figures 4, 7, 8, and 9, may be employed. The yarn or thread
passes over one of the prongs of the fork k, then under the hook 1, then over
the other prong of the fork k, and then passes to the bobbin a. As the hook l
is suspended on the yarn or thread, it is evident that when it breaks or ceases
to be supplied the hook drops. The lower end of the hook is guided in the
bracket n and rail f; and the disc i has a hole or holes in its upper face, con-
sequently, when the hook drops, the end thereof enters the hole in the disc i
and stops it. By this arrangement the spindle and bobbin are instantly
stopped when the yarn or thread breaks. The projection on the hook is to

page_text: prevent it dropping too far. The yarn may be supplied from hanks in the
usual manner, or from spindles furnished with bobbins, by which the yarn
spun or doubled.
is
In machines of the ordinary construction, when the yarn or thread breaks
or ceases to be supplied the pin bobbin continues to revolve in the cup or
presser d, thereby creating friction, which is injurious to the yarn or thread on
the pin bobbin. Now, according to our improvements, when the yarn or
thread breaks, or ceases to be supplied, the bobbin being instantly stopped the
injurious friction is avoided.
In Figures 3 and 4 we have shewn a modification of our improved stopping
motion. In this arrangement, when the hook or instrument / drops owing
to the breaking of the yarn or thread, the bevelled projection acting on the
lever o, which is jointed to the rail f, moves this lever sideways, and liberates
the tumbler catch p, which fits in a groove in the boss of the disc i; the
weight pl of the tumbler catch then lifts the disc i out of contact with the
friction pulley h, and the bobbin ceases to revolve.
Figures 5 and 6 represent another modification of this part of our Inven-
tion. In this instance the hook or instrument has also a wedge-shaped
projection acting when the hook drops on the lever q, and pushing this lever
under the notch in the tumbler catch r, which then drops and raises the disc i
off the friction pulley h. We wish to remark, that a small antifriction roller
may be adapted to the hook l, to guide the yarn or thread and to diminish
the friction.
When this part of our Invention is applied to machines for doubling, each
yarn, in going to the pin bobbin, must pass under a hook or instrument 1; and
when applied to machines for spinning, the
doubled upon
yarn
the pin bobbin,
as above described, is placed upon a spindle, and made to supply the pin bobbin,
as shewn in Figures 2, 4, and 6.
Figure 10 represents part of the winding machine to which another modi-
fication of our improved stop motion and our improved machinery for deliver-
ing the yarn or thread to the bobbins are applied. In this view the spindle
and bobbin are driven by a band from the drum z, as is now customary, passing
round the wharve z¹. This wharve has a hole in its upper surface, and it is
furnished with a boss, on which fits the bush 2. When the yarn or thread
breaks or ceases to be supplied the hook / drops, and the incline acting on
the lever pushes it to one side, thereby allowing the tumbler catch r to drop,
and lifting the pin projecting from the bush out of the hole in the wharve z¹
and stopping the spindle. As the yarn or thread is wound in conical layers on

page_text: the bobbin, it is evident that when the bobbin revolves at a uniform velocity,
less yarn is required to be delivered when it is being wound on the small end
of the cone, and vice versa. In order to accomplish this variation in the
delivery of the yarn or thread, we cause it in going from the swift s to the
bobbin a to pass over a rod t supported in the compensating levers u. These
levers are moved to and fro on the fulcrum shaft u¹ by the crank pin v in the
wheel v¹, or by any other suitable mechanism.
When the levers u are out or in the position shewn by the full lines, the
yarn or thread is being wound on the small end of the cone, but as the
traverse rail c ascends to distribute the yarn on the cone of the bobbin, the
levers u are gradually brought into the position indicated by the dotted lines,
and assume this position when the traverse rail c is at its highest point. The
vibrating motion of the levers u also serves to regulate the drag of the yarn
or thread, and to free or loosen it from the hank or skein while being un-
wound. The speed of the spindles may be varied, so as to compensate for
the different diameters of the conical part of the pin bobbin, in the following
manner When the spindle and bobbin are driven by friction, as shewn in
Figures 1 and 2, a lateral to-and-fro motion is given by any suitable mecha-
nism to the shaft g. By this means, when the friction pulley h is acting on
the outer diameter of the disc i, the spindle and bobbin will revolve at the
proper speed for winding the yarn or thread on the largest diameter of the
conical part of the bobbin, and when the shaft g has been moved to bring
the pulleys h into the position indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 1, the
requisite velocity will be imparted to the bobbin for winding up on the small
end of the cone.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, we declare that we claim as of our Inven-
tion,-
First, driving the vertical spindles of winding machines by friction and
gravitation or by toothed wheels, as shewn and described in reference to
Figures 1 to 6.
Secondly, stopping the spindle or bobbin, or both, when the yarn or thread
breaks or ceases to be supplied.
Thirdly, the improved machinery shewn and described in reference to
Figure 10, for delivering the yarn or thread to the bobbin, in the proportion
required by the conical shape of the bobbin.
And, lastly, varying the speed of the spindles and bobbins, to compensate for
the different diameters of the conical part of the bobbin by giving a lateral

page_text: to-and-fro motion to the shaft g, and to the friction pulleys h, as shewn and
described in reference to Figures 1 and 2.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Willis and George Chell,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fifth day of Novem-
ber, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
seven
THOMAS WILLIS. (L.S.)
Witness,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
GEORGE CHELL. (L.S.)