SEVERAL NEW METHODS OF MAKING GLASS
Year: 1814

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPII
PRICE, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fifth day of May, in the fifty-fourth year of His reign, did give
and grant unto me, the said Joseph Price, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, His special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Joseph Price, my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the
term of fourteen years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "SEVERAL NEW METHODS OF MAKING GLASS;" in
which Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Joseph
Price, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Price, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described as follows
(that is to say):-

page_text: The object of my Invention is to make glass, that (without grinding)
shall answer all the purposes of ground glass, by transmitting the light
thro' it in that soft and agreeable manner similar to ground glass, and I
effect this by the following means, viz:-I prepare a pot of flint glass
and a pot of white enamel glass, in the respective proportions after men-
tioned, and when brought into fusion in the usual way, at a proper
temperature for working, I gather or take in the usual way with a
gathering pipe from the enamel pot a quantity of metal proportioned to the
article intended to be manufactured, and cover it with metal gathered or
taken in like manner from the flint glass pot, and proceed to blow and form
them to the shape of the article required; the enamel will then be pretty
equally spread throughout the inside of the said article, and have rendered it
nearly of an opaque white, resembling in appearance and possessing an effect,
though more agreeable, similar to that of ground glass, in the transmission of
light. Practice and experience only can direct the relative proportions of the
enamel and flint glass to be used... It will suffice to say that the quantity of
enamel must be sufficient to give the article a white opake appearance, but
not so much as to prevent in any material degree the transmission of light
through it. The enamel must be of a flake white, otherwise the desired effect
will not be perfectly produced; and the flint glass and enamel must be (as
termed by the workmen) of the same temper, so as to unite or combine with
each other. The effect may also be produced by the following method, viz* :—
Gather or take on a gathering pipe. a portion of flint glass and cover it with
enamel, and then cover the enamel with flint, then blow and form them to the
shape required, as before directed; the enamel will then be spread between
the bodies of flint glass. The two foregoing methods. I recommend as, best
adapted to produce the effect before specified; but it may also b produced,
though not in such perfection, by another method (vizt) by gathering as before
a portion of flint glass and covering it with enamel, and then blowing and
forming them, as before; the enamel will then be spread on the outside of the
article. A degree of opacity may be given to glass by any of the following
materials as substitutes for the arsenic (that is to say) calcined tin, commonly
called putty,. calcined antimony, or calcined bones or ivory, but not in
such. perfection as by the enamel before mentioned. I do not therefore
recommend this latter made of producing the effect.
In order to make, flint
glass and enamel of the same temper, or so as they will unite or combine with
each other, I charge two pots, one for flint glass and one for enamel. The
following materials and proportions are for the flint glass, (viz) of Lynn sand,
or any other sand having similar chemical properties, or calcined, flints in

page_text: powder, four hundred and twenty pounds; litharge or lead, two hundred and
eighty pounds; pearl ashes, one hundred and forty-seven pounds; nitre, fourteen
pounds; cullet or broken flint glass, three hundred and thirty-six pounds; and
manganese, three quarters of a pound; for the enamel, of sand, as before, or
calcined flints, one hundred and twelve pounds litharge or lead, one hundred
and twelve pounds; nitre, fifty-six pounds; arsenic, twenty-five pounds; and
cullet or broken flint glass, one hundred pounds. N.B.-The proportions of the
materials may be varied, according to their strength in both pots, provided the
relative qualities of each pot are maintained so as to agree and unite with each
other. The cullet or broken flint glass may be omitted, but in that case the
proportions of the other materials must be varied, as the temper of the metal
may require. The means of varying the proportions of the other materials are
known to all experienced manufactures.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Price, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One