IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER" to be as follows:-
These Improvements consist in making a compound paper from two different
qualities of material treated simultaneously in one and the same machine in the
manner hereinafter described so that one. portion of the thickness of the paper
presented to one side thereof shall be composed of one quality say such as is
produced from a cheap coarse paper making material such as straw whilst the other
portion of the thickness of the paper presented to the other side thereof is composed
of another quality say a superior or fine quality such as is produced from linen
rags. This result is obtained according to the present Invention by taking the
two different qualities of raw material and after subjecting them separately to
the preparatory processes of manufacture usually employed in paper making
bringing them together and uniting them by pressure at the moment when they
assume the form of sheets or webs the union of the two qualities of material being
effected simultaneously with their conversion into paper. The product is thus.
caused to issue from the machine in the form of sheets or webs of a paper composed
of two thicknesses of material or pulp of different qualities which may he said to
be merged one into the other in the body of the paper so firmly are they united
by the pressure applied under the conditions herein before described.
This result may be obtained by means of machinery or apparatus such as is
commonly employed by paper makers and so arranged as to keep the different
qualities of pulp or material separate during the preliminary stages of manufacture
and to finally combine them into one compound sheet or web-By means of these
improvements a paper combining the qualities of strength durability and good
appearance is enabled to be manufactured at a relatively low cost-This paper
may be employed with advantage for packing various goods such as sugar or
candles and for making paper bags or for other purposes-The relative thicknesses
of the two layers of pulp or material composing the compound paper may be varied
according to circumstances and one or both of the said layers may be dyed or
stained if required.
Dated the 1st day of January 1884.
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.

page_text: <<
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
IMPROVEMENTS
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER" and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
These improvements consist in making a compound paper from two different
qualities of material treated simultaneously in one and the same machine in the
manner hereinafter described so that that portion of the thickness of the paper
presented to one side thereof shall be composed of one quality say such as is
produced from a cheap coarse paper making material such as straw whilst the
other portion of the thickness of the paper presented to the other side thereof is
composed of another quality say a superior or fine quality such as is produced
from linen rags. This result is obtained according to the present invention by
taking the two different qualities of raw material and after subjecting them
separately to the preparatory processes of manufacture usually employed in paper
making bringing them together and uniting them by pressure at the moment
when they assume the form of sheets or webs the union of the two qualities of
The
material being effected simultaneously with their conversion into paper.
product is thus caused to issue from the machine in the form of sheets or webs
of a paper composed of two thicknesses of material or pulp of different qualities
which may be said to be merged one into the other in the body of the paper so
firmly are they united by the pressure applied under the conditions herein before
described.
This result may be obtained by means of machinery or Apparatus such as is
commonly employed by paper makers and so arranged as to keep the different
qualities of pulp or material separate during the preliminary stages of manufacture
and to finally combine them into one compound sheet or web which may be
subsequently pressed glazed printed on or otherwise treated according to the
purpose to which it is to be applied.
Any ordinary or suitable arrangement of machinery being employed for making
the two qualities of pulp into sheets and for finishing the compound web or sheet
formed by their union it is simply necessary to so arrange the said machinery as
to cause the wet sheets or layers of pulp to be brought together and united by the
application of pressure during the process of manufacture. I will now procced
to describe with reference to the accompanying diagrams three examples of
arrangements of machinery that may be employed for this purpose without
limiting myself thereto as the same may evidently be modified in various ways
to suit the convenience of the manufacturer without in any way affecting the
principle of the invention.
Figure 1 illustrates an arrangement in which the single sheets or layers of wet
pulp destined to form when united the compound paper herein before described are
made upon two wire gauze drums or cylinders F F revolving in contact with the
prepared pulps and from the interior of which the air is exhausted so that a layer
of pulp is caused to adhere to the surfaces of the said cylinders in the usual
manner. These two cylinders act in concert and revolve in the direction indicated
by the arrows ƒ ƒ.'.
A is a felt travelling in the direction indicated by the arrow f' and caused to
press against the cylinder F by a pressing roller C. The layer of wet pulp adhering
to the cylinder F is transferred in the form of a continuous sheet in the usual

page_text: manner to the felt A which brings it into contact with a second sheet of pulp
which is formed upon the cylinder F' simultaneously with the first sheet. The felt
is pressed against the cylinder F¹ by a roller C¹ and detaches the said second sheet
of wet pulp therefrom and causes it to adhere to the sheet previously taken from
the cylinder F. The two sheets are then carried by the felt between two pressing
rollers M M which express a portion of the moisture therefrom and cause them to
become intimately combined or united into one compound sheet or web which is
treated in the other parts of the machine in the same manner as an ordinary single
sheet.
In the arrangement indicated in figure 2 one part of the compound sheet is
made upon a wire cloth or table and the other part upon a cylinder. T represents
the wire cloth upon which a sheet of pulp is formed in the usual manner and after
passing over the air boxes at D, and between two pressing or combing rollers Q
is transferred to a felt B which delivers the sheet in front of two pressing rollers P P¹
at the same time another sheet is formed upon the cylinder F and carried by a
second felt A to the aforesaid rollers P P1 between which the two sheets are united
by pressure as in the preceding arrangement.
Figure 3 shows an arrangement in which both parts of the compound sheet are
made upon wire cloths or tables T T¹ provided with the usual air boxes D D¹ and
drainage apparatus symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of the pressing
rollers P P by which the two sheets are united and delivered in one sheet to the
felt indicated at A by which the compound sheet is carried between two other
pressing rollers R R¹ in order to be subjected to the usual finishing treatment.
By means of these improvements a paper combining the qualities of strength
and durability with a good appearance or fine texture on one side is enabled to be
manufactured at a relatively low cost. This paper may be employed with advantage
for packing various goods such as sugar or candles and for making paper bags, cop
tubes, boxes, Railway and other tickets, Cards or labels or for other purposes to
which it is or may be applicable. The relative thicknesses of the two layers of
pulp or material composing the compound paper may be varied as required and one
or both of the said layers may be dyed or stained if required so as if required to
present different colours on the two sides.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
=
First. As a new article of manufacture a compound paper made from two different
qualities of material treated simultaneously in one and the same machine and
combined together substantially as hereinbefore described.
Second. In the manufacture of paper first subjecting different qualities of raw
materials to treatment for converting them into paper pulp and then when they
assume the form of sheets or webs bringing them together and combining them
into one sheet or web presenting surfaces of different textures on the different sides
substantially as herein before described.
Dated his at c
1004