IMPROVE- MENTS IN FILTERS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ASTLEY
PASTON PRICE, of Margate, in the County of Kent, and JAMES HEYWOOD
WHITEHEAD, of the Royal George Mills, Saddleworth, near Manchester, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland; bearing date at Westminster, the Twelfth day of Sep-
tember, One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the fourteenth year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Astley Paston Price and James Heywood Whitehead, our exors, adññiors,
and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
we, the said Astley Paston Price and James Heywood Whitehead, our exors,
aduiors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Astley Paston Price and
James Heywood Whitehead, our exors, admiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercisé,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all
Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FILTERS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that

page_text: we, the said Astley Paston Price and James Heywood Whitehead, or one of
us, shall cause a particular. description of the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, to be
inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto. had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Astley Paston Price and James Heywood Whitehead, do hereby declare that
the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment.thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed and to
the figures and letters marked thereon; that is to say :-
Our Invention consists,-
First, of making a tubular fabric into a filter by drawing it within itself.
Secondly, our Invention consists of making filters by drawing one tubular
fabric into another, in such manner that the filtration shall be inwards as well
as outwards.
Thirdly, our Invention consists of making filters by drawing a bag into
itself, and then into an external sheath or case of small diameter as compared
with that of the tubular fabric. And,
Fourthly, our Invention consists in the manufacture of filters of the fabrics
berein described.
And in order that our Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect we would proceed to describe the means pursued by us.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows an external view of a filter constructed according to the
first part of our Invention. Figure 2 shows a section thereof, by which
it will be seen that a filter is formed by means of a tube, suitable filter
fabrics drawn within itself, a being the outer part, and b the inner part,
so that when in use the syrup or other fluid will filter through into the
interior c, as well as outwards through the exterior surface. The tube, a, b,
thus drawn into itself, is drawn into the outer sheath or case, which we
prefer to be of netting, but other material may be used, and it is to be
of small diameter compared with the filter a, b, so that the exterior case d
will cause the filtering a, b, to be drawn into longitudinal folds pressed
together. The filter thus formed is fastened to its upper part to the supply

page_text: tube e, which enters between the parts a, b, of the.filter. These filters will be
readily cleansed by withdrawing them from their sheaths, and then by drawing
them out to their full length in such manner that the surface retaining the
sediment will become the outer surface, and can be readily cleansed.
Figure 3 shews a section of a filter made according to the second part of
our Invention, and consists of two tubes a and b (of like diameter and of
suitable filter fabric) drawn one into the other, and they are caused to hang in
longitudinal folds by being drawn into an external sheath or case of small
diameter as compared with the tubes a and b. The supply of syrup or other
fluid into the space between the two tubes a and b, by means of the tube é, to
which the upper ends of the tubes a and b are fastened, and the lower ends of
the tubes a and b are made fast to a tube è¹. In cleaning these filters it will
be necessary to fasten the tube e from the tube a and b, to draw them out of
their sheaths, and to draw the inner tubular fabric with the tube e' through the
tube a, which will cause the tube a to be turned inside out, by which the
whole of the sediment will be brought to the outer surfaces of a and b, and
thus admit of ready cleansing.
Figure 4 shows the section and Figure 5 an external view of a filter, made
according to the third part of our Invention. In this case an ordinary bag
filter f is drawn into itself; it is then drawn into an outer sheath or case g, of
small diameter as compared with the bag, and at the upper part the bag f and
the sheath g are made fast to the supply tube e, the part of the bag which is
drawn into the interior being brought to the mouth of the bag where the tube e
is inserted, and the mouth of the bag and the part drawn in are fastened round
such tube by binding them round with a cord or ligature, and it is the
combining a sheath g and a supply tube e with a bag drawn within itself which
constitutes the novelty of this part of our Invention. We would remark
that we are aware that several years ago Mr.. Schroder obtained. Letters
Patent for a mode of constructing filters which consisted of drawing a
long bag within an external sheath or case of considerably smaller diameter
than the bag. And the third part of our Invention is similar thereto, in that
a bag is drawn within a case of smaller diameter, but it differs therefrom in
that the bag is drawn within itself, in consequence whereof filters made
according to such third part of our Invention offer a like extent of surface as a
Schroder's bag, but occupy longitudinally only one half the space: Also, in
addition to the bag drawn up within itself (which alone we do not claim), the
whole is drawn into .an outer sheath or case, and affixed to a tube e, in the
manner shewn in the Drawing, whereby a new and useful combination is
produced, offering advantages over the single bag drawn into a sheath and

page_text: over a bag, which is simply drawn up within itself, and when no sheath is
used. And,
Fourthly, our Invention consists in the manufacture of filters of the fabrics
herein-after described. These improvements, consists in making filter bags of
fabrics composed of a combination of cotton yarn and woollen or worsted
yarn; and it also consists of employing fabrics consisting of yarn composed
of a mixture of flax and cotton carded and spun together; also of the
employment of such yarn of a mixture of cotton and flax combined with
woollen or worsted yarns; and also the employment of yarn composed of wool
and cotton carded and spun together; and also the employment of yarn
composed of flax and wool, or of cotton, flax, and wool, carded and spun
together. The best means of making the cloth, whichever of the yarns be
employed, is, we believe, to weave it twilled in like manner to filter cloths,
heretofore made of cotton; and the same may be woven circularly, as is well
understood, or otherwise. In carrying out this part of our Invention, we
prefer the warp threads to be of cotton and the weft threads of wool or
worstead yarn. This, however, may be reversed, and the warp be made of wool
or worsted and the weft of cotton yarn.
cotton and flax carded and spun together.
equal quantities, and to use. therewith weft of wool or of worsted yarn; or it
may be reversed, as before mentioned; or the cloth may be made entirely of
yarn composed of the mixture of flax and cotton carded and spun together,
for which purpose, we prefer to use equal proportions of those fibres, but we
do not confine ourselves thereto; or the cloth may be made or partly made of
yarn composed of cotton and wool carded and spun together in the proportion
of two of the former to one of the latter, these proportions we consider to be
the best, but we do not confine, ourselves thereto; or the cloth may be made
or partly made of yarn composed of flax and wool, or of cotton, flax, and wool,
carded and spun together. We use equal proportions of the materials, but
we do not confine ourselves thereto, as the relative proportions may be
varied.
The, warp also may be made of
We prefer to use the matters, in
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, we would have it, understood that what we
claim is,
First, the making filters by drawing a tubular fabric into itself, as above
described.
Secondly, we claim the making filters by drawing one tubular fabric into
another, and combining them with an external sheath or case of similar
diameter, and with parts e, e¹.