IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING BRINE AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leopold Brun, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING BRINE AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR." A communication from abroad by Henry Gutton, of
Nancy. France.
Sealed the 2nd January 1880, and dated the 8th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leopold Brun at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1879.
LEOPOLD BRUN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"
"
IMPROVEMENTS
IN EVAPORATING BRINE AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.' (A. communi-
cation from abroad by Henry Gutton, of Nancy, France.)
These improvements are based, first, on the principle of the evaporation of brine
(water impregnated with salt) in closed vessels, and the utilization of the heat pro-
duced by condensing the steam in a double casing; secondly, on the successive
decrease of the temperatures at which the evaporation takes place, and the successive
utilization, together or separately, of the same; thirdly, on the utilization of the
gases which escape from the furnace.
The system consists of a series of air tight vessels, but which however allow of
the free escape of the steam; they are provided with mechanical scrapers.
These vessels are placed one above another to save expense in making, and also
loss of part of the heat. In the upper portion there is an apparatus open to the air;
at the back of the apparatus, which receives the direct heat of the fire, there is a
pan heated by the gases which escape from the furnace.
The closed vessel consists of a rectangular sheet iron box open at both ends for
part of its depth, so as to allow the salt to be removed from the apparatus. The
ends are each provided with a sheet iron receptacle to allow of the salt being
removed, in which a chain or other pump may be fixed.
The apparatus can be entered for cleaning purposes by means of a man-hole at
the end. The salt is withdrawn mechanically from the interior of the apparatus,
so as to fall into the receptacles, by means of a series of scrapers acting by their own
weight, the shank of which slides freely in a sheath or haft. The whole of these
sheaths or hafts are carried by a sheet iron carriage drawn by a chain fastened to
I Drine 037

page_text: a centre and guided by four wheels running on two rails, and by two rack bars,
on which work two pinions fixed one at each end of a shaft and turning with it.
-This rack work is intended to make the motion more regular and prevents the
carriage from-moving-in-an-oblique-direction.
The backward and forward motion is obtained by means of a rod placed either
inside or outside of the apparatus, and of which the end communicates with a lever,
which by means of a slide works a double fork guiding the strap.
The motion is therefore.communicated-to-the-apparatus-in-both-directions-alter--
nately. Knives are fixed at either end of the apparatus, which remove the salt
which accumulates on the sheath or haft of the scrapers.
The condensing of the steam takes place in a double casing, the upper portion of
which forms the bottom of the apparatus above. At one end is a pipe, by which
is withdrawn the steam which has not been condensed in the double casing. This
escape pipe communicates with the double casing of the apparatus above.
The successive closed vessels are arranged in the same manner, except that the
backward and forward motion of the scrapers in the interior is considerably
slackened.
The last one has a simple escape pipe for the steam; the water (condensed steam)
is removed by syphon pipes placed at the ends of the apparatus.
Above the closed apparatus is placed an open one, the bottom of which forms
the top of the double casing of the closed apparatus beneath. This apparatus is
provided with a wooden covering, as in an ordinary salt works.
Lastly, at the back of the first closed apparatus there is a large ordinary pan
heated by the gases which escape from the furnace.
Numerous partitions are arranged so as to give time for the gases to be com-
pletely cooled.
There is a drainer placed at the side of the first closed apparatus formed of two
inclined planes of wood supported by a strong framework.
The impregnated water which runs from the salt in the draining is carried by
means of two conduits into the salt receptacles of the apparatus.
For the second closed apparatus, as also for the common pan above, the salt is
thrown upon the wood covering of the latter.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Leopold Brun in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th January
1880.
"
LEOPOLD BRUN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
'ÎMPROVEMENTS IN
EVAPORATING BRINE AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR." (A communication
from abroad by Henry Gutton, of Nancy, France.)
These improvements are based, first, on the principle of the evaporation of brine
(water impregnated with salt) in closed vessels, and the utilization of the beat pro-
duced by condensing the steam in a double casing; secondly, on the successive
decrease of the temperature at which the evaporation takes place, and the successive
utilization, together or separately, of the same; thirdly, on the utilization of the
gases which escape from the furnace.
The system consists of a series of air tight vessels, but which allow of the free
escape of the steam; they are provided with mechanical scrapers. These vessels
are placed one above another, to save expense in making and also loss of part of the
heat.
In the upper portion there is an apparatus open to the air. At the back of the
apparatus, which receives the direct heat of the fire, there is a pan heated by the
gases which escape from the furnace.
13->
Such being the nature and object of the said Invention, I will now proceed to
describe in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed
or carried into practical effect, and in order that the same may be clearly under-
stood I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have
marked the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in
the following explanation thereof :-
Fig. 1 in the annexed Drawing is a sectional plan view of the apparatus; Fig. 2
is a vertical section taken longitudinally through the same from end to end; and
Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken transversely across about the centre of the
apparatus.
Similar letters of reference are placed upon corresponding parts in all the Figs.,
the fixed parts of the apparatus being distinguished by capital letters and the
mechanism by small letters.
A, A, is the fire place; B, B, the fire vault; B', B¹, damper; C, C, the smoke
flues; D, D, the brick walls surrounding the apparatus; E, E, the salt drainers;
F, F, the first closed vessels or pan heated by the fire direct; G, G, open spaces at
the ends for removing the salt; F, F¹, second closed vessel heated by the steam
from the first vessel F, F; F2, F2, open pan above heated by steam from closed
vessel F, F; H, H, steam spaces; I, I, open pan heated by gases which escape
from the furnace by the flues C, C.
The closed vessel F, F, consists of a rectangular sheet iron box open at both ends
for part of its height, so as to allow the salt to be removed from the apparatus.
The ends are each provided with a sheet iron receptable G, G, to allow of the salt
being removed, in which a chain or other pump may be fixed. The apparatus can
be entered for cleaning purposes by means of a man hole at the end. The salt is
withdrawn mechanically from the interior of the apparatus, so as to fall into the
receptacle G, G, by means of a series of scrapers a, a, a, a, acting by their own
weight (see enlarged view at Fig. 4), the shank of which slides freely in a vertical
direction in a sheath or haft b, b. The whole of these sheaths or hafts are carried
by a wrought iron carriage c, c, drawn by a chain fastened to the centre and
guided by four wheels d, d, running on two rails e, e, and by two rack bars f, f, on
which work two pinions g, g, fixed one at each end of a shaft h, h, and turning
with it. This rack work is intended to make the motion more regular, and
prevents the carriage c, c, from moving in an oblique direction.

page_text: Motion is communicated to the chains by their passing around grooved; pulleys i, i,
fixed upon the transverse shafts k, k, to which motion is given by means of toothed
gearing 1, l, actuated by the driving pulleys m, m.
The backward and forward motion of the carriage c, c, is obtained by means of
a-rod placed either inside or outside-of-the-apparatus, and of which the end com-
municates with a lever, which by means of a slide works a double fork guiding the
strap in the same channel as the table of an ordinary plaining machine. The motion..
is therefore communicated to the apparatus in both directions alternately. Knives
n,n,-are-fixed-at-either-end-of-the-apparatus,-which-remove-the-salt-which-accumu--
laces on the sheaths or hafts b, b, of the scrapers a, a.
The condensing of the steam takes place in a double casing H, H, the upper
portion of which forms the bottom of the vessel F, F, above. At one end is a pipe
K, K, by which is withdrawn the steam which has not been condensed in the double
casing H, H. This escape pipe communicates with the double casing H³, H', of
the open pan F2, F2, of the above.
The successive closed vessels are arranged in the same manner, except that the
backward and forward motion of the scrapers in the interior is considerably
slackened in speed; the last one has a simple escape pipe M, M, for the steam.
The water (condensed steam) is removed by syphon pipes placed at the ends of the
apparatus.
Above the closed apparatus is placed an open pan F2, F2, the bottom of which
forms the top of the double casing H', H³, of the closed apparatus beneath. This
apparatus is provided with a wooden covering, as in an ordinary saltworks.
Lastly, at the back of the first closed apparatus there is a large ordinary pan I, I,
heated bp the gases which escape from the furnace. Numerous partitions L, L, arc
arranged so as to give time for the gases to be completely cooled. There is a
drainer E, E, placed at the side of the first closed apparatus F, F, formed by two
inclined planes of wood supported by a strong framework. The impregnated water
which runs from the salt in the draining is carried by means of two conduits into
the salt receptacles of the apparatus. For the second closed apparatus F1, F', as
also for the common pan F2, F2, above, the salt is thrown upon the wood covering
of the latter.
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention, together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical
effect, I would remark in conclusion that although I have shown and described an
arrangement consisting of two closed vessels surmounted by an open pan, yet
do not desire to limit the Invention to such particular combination, as other con-
venient numbers may be employed; but what I claim as the Invention communi-
cated to me by the said Henry Gutton is, the combination of a closed vessel heated
direct by the furnace with one or more other closed vessels heated by the steam
from the former and surmounted by an open pan or vessel at the top, all con-
_structed and arranged substantially as herein before.described and illustrated by the-
Drawing annexed.
I also claim the construction and arrangement of the reciprocating carriage and
serapers, substantially as shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leopold Brun, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
LEOPOLD BRUN. (L.S.)