Improved Machinery for Cutting Square and Round Holes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 22nd Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Machinery for Cutting Square and Round Holes.
We HARRY FRANCIS AINLEY of 476 Hackney Road in the County of Middlesex,
Mechanic, and ALBERT CHARLES OAKES of 24 Aldermanbury in the City of London,
Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:―
The chief object of this invention is to construct a machine which will cut square,
or approximately square, holes of various sizes, and if desired, round holes also.
To this end we fit the cutter spindle concentrically in a sleeve, connecting them
together by a feather and groove, and on the sleeve we form a series of cams, preferably
in pairs. At about the middle of the sleeve, we fit a sliding gear wheel, the position
of which we secure in the machine while the cam sleeve is allowed to move vertically.
The sleeve we support in bearings which constitute guide plates for square cutting.
These guide plates are formed with a square opening to receive one or other of the
cams which rotate therein, and cause the cutter spindle to shift its vertical position
continually, so that its tool describes convolute cuts in the work, which together will
produce an approximately square hole. Each cam will bear relation to the size of
square hole intended to be cut. Thus, according to the variations of size of square
hole required, will the cams be greater or less in number, but they will all equally fill
the space allotted for their rotation in the square guide plates. The guide plates are
preferably made of two pieces notched at their contact edges, and caused, by means of
traversing screws, to slide up to, and embrace the cam brought into line therewith.
The cutter spindle will depend loosely from an adjusting screw, which, while supporting
it, will be used to feed it forward as the cutting operation proceeds. The cam sleeve
will be supported so as to move freely, both axially and laterally, by any suitable
device, that will permit of its being set at any desired position to bring its cams into
line with the guide plates, and retained in such position. For this purpose, we may
use a ring fitting an annular groove of the sleeve, and having studs that will permit
of its being loosely coupled to a bell crank or other lever, which can be locked in
position when the sleeve to which it is connected is raised or lowered to suit the work
in hand.
A cylindrical portion of the sleeve may be embraced by similar guide plates shaped
to fit the same. Thus, when the square guides are drawn out of action, and a suitable
drill replaces the cutting tool on the spindle, the drilling of round holes may be
proceeded with, as in an ordinary drilling machine.
Dated this 20th day of January 1890.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Machinery for Cutting Square and Round Holes.
We HARRY FRANCIS AINLEY of 476 Hackney Road in the County of Middlesex,
Mechanic, and ALBERT CHARLES OAKES of 24 Aldermanbury in the City of London,
Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to a machine for cutting round or square holes at option, the
chief point of novelty, however, being the means employed for producing square holes.
The spindle of the cutting tool is mounted in the centre of a cam shaped sleeve, and
connected thereto by a feather. The cam portions of this sleeve are differently pro-
portioned to suit the various sizes of holes to be cut, and they work in fixed hollow

page_text: www pewien serve as bearings for the sleeve, and cause the same, wine
rotating, to move sideways with its cutting tool.
Fitted to the sleeve by means of an external feather, is a cam shaped spur wheel,
which receives motion from a spur pinion, and allows of the spindle of the cutting tool
moving laterally while remaining in gear with the driving pinion, and also of the
sleeve being shifted end wise to bring one or other of the cams into line with the guide
plates.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a machine constructed according to our invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the machine (taken in the line 1, 2 of Fig. 1)
showing the guide plate arrangement for supporting the cam sleeve and controlling
the lateral movements of the cutting tool.
Fig. 3 shows in sectional plan, at line 3, 4, Fig. 1, the driving mechanism for the
cutter.
Fig. 4 is a partial vertical section of the machine taken at right angles to Fig. 1, in
the line of the axis of the cutter spindle.
Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are sectional plans (respectively in the lines 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, 10,
Fig. 1) of the cam-shaped sleeve and cutter spindle.
Figs. 8 and 9 are side and end views of a tangential cutter detached from its
spindle, and
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the mode of producing the figures for the cams.
A is the base plate of the machine, and B is a standard cast therewith. B¹ B are
two brackets projecting from the standard, and serving to carry the guide plates,
and B2 are brackets for carrying the spindle-driving mechanism.
C is the cam sleeve furnished with six pairs of cams 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, for working in
pairs of fixed hollow square guide plates D D, which are fitted to the brackets B'. In
the centre of the sleeve C is situate the cutter spindle C, which carries at its lower
end the cutter c, shown detached at Figs. 8 and 9, and represented as having horizontal
and vertical cutting edges. This spindle, which rotates with the sleeve C, is pendent
from an adjustable hand screw c', which works in a threaded hole formed in the top of
the standard. This screw is designed to feed forward the tool and keep it in contact
with the work. It is loosely connected with the spindle, to permit of the spindle
moving sideways with the rotating sleeve C. C2 is a cam-shaped spur wheel, formed
with an elongated boss or sleeve, which slides over a feather projecting from the cam
sleeve, which at this part is cylindrical, and concentric with the cutter-spindle. The
boss or sleeve of this spur wheel C2 works within the forked extremities of the
brackets B2, which serve to prevent the wheel from shifting its plane of motion.
The pairs of hollow square guides D D, in which the pairs of cams 1 to 6 respectively
work, are formed by making rectangular notches in the opposed ends of two sliding
plates, which notches, when the plates are placed in juxtaposition, form the desired
square hole or guide (see Fig. 2).
These plates are made to slide in guides in the brackets B¹, and may be worked in
and out simultaneously by hand screws, or in any other convenient manner, for the
purpose of closing upon the cams, or releasing them, to provide for the shifting of
other cams into position.
On a vertical axle carried by the brackets B2, is mounted a toothed wheel E, which
gears with the toothed wheel Č².
This axle is driven, through bevil gear, from a hand wheel or driven pulley (not
shown in the drawings), as may be desired, placed at the side of the machine.
The cams forming a set are each of different cut, but they all fit alike the circum-
scribing square hole of the guide-plates, in which they are caused to rotate. Their
cut is dependent on the size of the square hole that it is intended to form, it being
necessary to limit the traverse of the cutting tool to suit the size of hole which is
required to be formed. The rule for producing this result may be thus explained :-
Supposing we wish to cut a half inch square hole, we provide a hollow square guide
of any desired measurement, say, two and a half inches across, which determines the
size of the cams to be used. To determine the cut of the cam to fit such guide, we

page_text: first draw an equilateral triangle (see the diagram Fig. 10), the sides of which corre-
spond to the size of hole to be cut (say, for example, half an inch square). We then
describe three arcs of one inch radius, taking the points of junction of the sides of the
triangle for the centres. We next join up these arcs by other arcs (one and a half
inch radius), described from the centres opposed to the arcs to be drawn, and the form
and size of cam required is then produced. It will thus be seen that each cam varies
in form according to the size of hole to be cut. The diameter however of the cams
will correspond with the measurement of the square guides in which they work.
Figs. 5, 6, and 7 shew the cams for cutting respectively a gth inch, a th inch, and a
inch square hole.
In Figs. 1 and 4, as we have stated, six of these cams form a set, and the set is
duplicated, in order that the cam sleeve may be steadied by two pairs of guide plates,
which form bearings for the cams to rub over, as the sleeve is rotated by means of
the gearing described. To ensure the proper action of the tool, its extreme cutting
point will preferably coincide with one of the three points from which the arcs ferming
the periphery of the cam are struck.
It will now be understood, that the action of the cams in the fixed guide plates
(when the sleeve (is rotated) will cause the spindle C' to move, so that its vertical
axis is continually changing in position with respect to the work, the effect of which
is, that the tool following its motions, makes a series of cuts, which eventually produce
a square hole, or what is practically equivalent thereto.
As the spindle has to move in the manner indicated, it will be evident that one of
the gear wheels, as C2, must have a form such as that above indicated and illustrated
at Fig. 3. We may remark, however, that for particular work, it may be desirable to
have a toothed driving wheel C³, with a periphery corresponding to each cam, but for
ordinary purposes, in the cutting of square holes, a toothed wheel having a periphery
corresponding to the mean of all the cams may be employed.
We have not yet explained the means for supporting the cam sleeve in its bearings,
and shifting it vertically to bring the various cams into their working position, as
required. This will be clearly seen by reference to Figs. 1 and 4, where F is a bell crank
lever pivotted to the standard B, and having a handle at its pendent end for working
the same.
The forward end of this lever is forked to receive pivots, which attach it
to lugs on a pair of rings farranged vertically on opposite sides of the cam sleeve C.
An annular groove turned in this sleeve is fitted with a ring f', from opposite sides of
which project short studs. These studs enter straight slots formed respectively across
the centre of a pair of discs 2 mounted loosely in the rings f. A second pair of lugs
on these rings serve to receive pivots, which pivots connect their respective rings to
a forked radius arm F¹ fulcrummed on an extension of the upper bracket B. The.
lever F is fitted with a spring catch, which takes into a notched sector F2 attached to
the standard B. Through the means just described, the cam sleeve C is maintained in
a vertical position, while at the same time it is free not merely to rotate, but to move
sideways, to present the cutting tool to its work. When it is desired to bring a fresh
cam into action, the hand lever F is raised or lowered, as the case may be, the spring
catch being first disengaged from the notched sector, and when the desired cams are
brought into line with their guide plates, the new position of the cam sleeve is secured
by the dropping of the spring catch into the corresponding notch of the sector. Before
this shifting of the cams is effected, the guide plates D should be opened out by the
hand screws, and when the cams are in position, the plates must be closed by the same
means upon the cams.
To enable this machine to drill round holes, it will only be necessary to open the
square guides (thus throwing them out of use), and to sbift the vertical position of the
cam sleeve, so as to bring cylindrical portions of that sleeve into line with the supple-
mentary guide plates D* D*, which are then to be closed upon the sleeve, like the
plates D upon the cams. When the sleeve is thus adjusted, it will have merely
rotary motion when driven, that is to say, it will give no traverse motion to the tool,
which in this case will consist of a drill of any ordinary construction, in place of the
tool shewn at Figs. 8 and 9. The cam-shaped wheel C² may be retained in use for

page_text: actuating the drill, provided that its teeth are made sufficiently deep to compensate for
the excentric form of the wheel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
In a machine for cutting round and square, or approximately square, holes, a spindle
carrying a concentric or a tangential cutter centred in a cam sleeve provided with a
set or sets of cams, a cam-shaped spur wheel driver (to which rotary motion is com-
municated from any prime mover), and pairs of adjustable round and square notched
plates (serving as bearings), which pairs are severally brought into use according to
the work in hand, the said cam sleeve being held, adjustably by a supporting device,
as and for the purpose set forth.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.