DECEDU and other Fibres.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Dec., 1886
Complete Left, 20th Sept., 1887
Complete Accepted, 20th Dec.. 1887
DECEDU
and other Fibres.
I, ARTHUR TREDGOLD LAWSON of Hope Foundry, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
:-
This invention has for its object improvements in machinery for spinning yarns
from flax, hemp and other fibres, and relates especially to machinery such as is
described in the specification of a former patent granted to Thomas Lawson,
No. 329581.
The apparatus consists of a sheet of gills in the teeth of which the yarn is carried
forward to a nipping apparatus, and from which the yarn passes to a spindle and
flyer and is spun and wound upon a bobbin. The sheet of gills runs in a direct line
with the part carrying the flyer so that the sliver passes forward direct to the nipper.
The sheet of gills and the flyer are inclined at a convenient angle to facilitate the
operation of piercing and doffing the yarn.
The nipper is in two parts and is formed in connection with a trumpet mouth which
also is divided. The parts are connected together by a hinged joint so that the upper
part may be lifted away from the lower whenever it may become necessary to clear
the yarn passing through the nipper. The lower part or bed is fixed and it is grooved
on the face to receive the sliver, the upper part carries a roller which also is grooved.
The grooves in the two parts meet in an eye through which the sliver passes. On
the axis of the roller there are two arms extending in opposite directions, and to
these arms springs are attached so that the roller is held in position and its rotation
is resisted by the springs operating the one against the other. The groove in the
roller is widest at the point where the sliver first reaches it and it tapers up to and
beyond the eye. When the springs are in equilibrium the eye is contracted and
the sliver is compressed so that as the yarn passes forward friction occurs, between the
sliver and the roller. This friction disturbs the equilibrium of the springs and the
roller turns through a small angle, thereby in a well known manner maintaining a
constant light nip upon the sliver up to which the twist put on by the flyer runs, the

page_text: eye opening or closing until the friction upon the roller and the tension of the springs
are in equilibrium.
It will be observed that when the upper part of the nipper is lifted the trumpet
mouth is opened and the roller with its springs are all lifted together away from the
bed; this is an important feature. From the nipper the yarn passes on into the end
of a hollow spindle. This spindle has upon its upper end a spur pinion geared into
another pinion and on which is fixed a bevel wheel driven by another bevel which is
keyed on a shaft placed at right angles. This shaft which is driven by a train of
wheels from the pulley shaft takes the change wheels for varying the twist in the
yarn. At the end of tube which runs in the upper flyer plate is fixed a spur pinion
which is geared into other pinions on the sheave pullies--round these pullies the yarn
is lapped and so is drawn forward at a suitable speed, it passes then to the flyer arm
and so on to the bobbin. On the flyer plate is placed a spur pinion made to gear
into another pinion attached to which is a bevel wheel, driven by another bevel on a
shaft placed at right angles to the flyer plate, this shaft is driven directly from the
pulley shaft.
The spur pinion which gears into the one on the flyer plate is fixed on a shaft at
one end running underneath and parallel to the flyer, at the other end is a pinion
driving the friction plate for dragging the bobbin.
Dated this 20th day of December 1886.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Spinning Yarns from Flax, Hemp,
and other Fibres.
I, ARTHUR TREDGOLD LAWSON of Hope Foundry, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement
This invention has for its object improvements in machinery for spinning yarns
from flax, hemp and other fibres, and relates especially to machinery such as is
described in the specification of a former patent granted to Thomas Lawson
No. 329581.
The apparatus consists of a sheet of gills in the teeth of which the yarn is carried
forward to a nipping apparatus, and from which the yarn passes to a spindle and
flyer and is spun and wound upon a bobbin. The sheet of gills runs in a direct line
with the part carrying the flyer so that the sliver passes forward direct to the nipper.
The sheet of gills and the flyer are inclined at a convenient angle to facilitate the
operation of piercing and doffing the yarn.

page_text: The nipper is in two parts and is formed in connection with a trumpet mouth which
also is divided. The parts are connected together by a hinged joint so that the upper
part may be lifted away from the lower whenever it may become necessary to clear
the yarn passing through the nipper. The lower part or bed is fixed and it is
grooved on the face to receive the sliver, the upper part carries a roller which also is
grooved. The grooves in the two parts meet in an eye through which the sliver
passes. On the axis of the roller there are two arms extending in opposite directions,
and to these arms springs are attached so that the roller is held in position and its
rotation is resisted by the springs operating the one against the other. The groove
in the roller is widest at the point where the sliver first reaches it and it tapers up to
and beyond the eye. When the springs are in equilibrium the eye is contracted and
the sliver is compressed so that as the yarn passes forward friction occurs between the
sliver and the roller. This friction disturbs the equilibrium of the springs and the
roller turns through a small angle, thereby in a well known manner maintaining a
constant light nip upon the sliver up to which the twist put on by the flyer runs, the
eye opening or closing until the friction upon the roller and the tension of the
springs are in equilibrium.
It will be observed that when the upper part of the nipper is lifted the trumpet
mouth is opened and the roller with its springs are all lifted together away from the
bed; this is an important feature. From the nipper the yarn passes on into the end
of a hollow spindle. This spindle has upon its upper end a spur pinion geared into
another pinion and on which is fixed a bevel wheel driven by another bevel which is
keyed on a shaft placed at right angles. This shaft which is driven by a train of
wheels from the pulley shaft takes the change wheels for varying the twist in the
yarn. At the end of the tube which runs in the upper flyer plate is fixed a spur
pinion which is geared into other pinions on the sheave pullies-round these pullies
the yarn is lapped and so is drawn forward at a suitable speed, it passes then to the
flyer arm and so on to the bobbin. On the flyer plate is placed a spur pinion made
to gear into another pinion attached to which is a bevel wheel, driven by another
bevel on a shaft placed at right angles to the flyer plate, this shaft is driven directly
from the pulley shaft.
The spur pinion which gears into the one on the flyer plate is fixed on a shaft at
one end running underneath and parallel to the flyer, at the other end is a pinion
driving the friction plate for dragging the bobbin.
.
The drawings annexed shew machinery constructed as above described.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the left hand portion to a larger scale.
Figure 3 is a plan of flyer and gearing.
Figure 4 is a section through the line A B, figure 2.
Figure 5 is a section through the line C D.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of the flyer nipping mechanism and gill combs.
Figure 7 is a cross section of the flyer.
Figure 8 is a front elevation of the nipping mechanism when closed.
Figure 9 a front elevation of same when open.
Figure 10 a side elevation of same when closed, and
Figure 11 a side elevation when open.
The general arrangement of the machine with the series of gill combs at the same
inclination as the flyer is seen in Figure 1. In this figure is also shown the
arrangement of gearing for giving motion to the various parts.
A A are the back rollers-A' A' A³ A' A' the draft gearing. B is the back shaft.
B₁ B² B³ B B and B the gearing between the back shaft and the driving shaft.
C the screws for working the gill combs. D the nipper, E the flyer, F the usual
sheave pullies. G the twist and pawl pulley shaft. I the driving shaft. J the
gearing between the two shafts and between the driving shaft and flyer shaft.
K bevil wheels on the twist shaft G. L L L L L spur gearing. M the flyer
shaft. N bevil wheels. 0 0 0 spur gearing. P the drag wheel. Q the drag
plate. R the traverse tube. S the bobbin. T the spindle. U the drag lever.

page_text: V the ratchet wheel. X the traverse rack shaft. X' to X8 the traverse gearing.-
X is a mangle wheel and the pinion driving it rolls round the end teeth of X first
driving by the inside then by the outside thus reversing the motion. The dotted slot
allows the pinion shaft to adjust itself to the required positions.
The construction of the nipper is clearly shown in Figures 6 to 11—its position
relatively to the screw gills and flyer is shown in figure 6.
In these figures a is the upper part of the trumpet mouth-the lower part is carried
by a block b which is fixed to the frame of the machine. c is the hinge by which the
upper part a is hinged to the lower part b. d is the grooved roller carried in bearings
in arms extending from the upper half a of the trumpet mouth-the form of the
groove is best seen in figures 10 and 11. e is the lower part or bed of the nipper
Carried by the block just below the grooved roller. ' are two arms extending in
opposite directions from the axis of the roller d. gg are the coiled springs
one connected to one arm the other to the other arm and acting in the manner
herein before explained. h is a spring catch by which the upper part of the nipper
when shut down on to the lower half is retained.
As will be seen from Figures 2, 3 and 6 the hollow spindle through which the yarn
passes after it has passed through the nipper has upon it a spur wheel L² this gears
with a spur wheel Lon which is a bevil wheel K driven by a corresponding bevil
wheel K on the twist shaft G.
At the opposite end of the hollow spindle is another spur pinion L³ which gears
into spur pinions L L on the sheave pullies.
On the flyer plate is a spur pinion 0 this gears with a spur wheel O' which has
attached to it a bevil wheel N which gears with a corresponding bevil wheel N
fixed on the flyer shaft M.
On the axis of the spur wheel O' is also a spur wheel Os-this drives the friction
plate or drag wheel P and this wheel drives the drag plate which is on the axis of the
bobbin.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. In machinery for spinning yarns from flax, hemp and other fibres the arrange-
ment of the spindle and flyer and the sheet of gills all at the same inclination and in
a straight line with one another substantially as described.
2. The eccentric nipper with arms on opposite sides of the axis of the eccentric
coupled to springs and acting in the manner described.
3. Carrying the nipping eccentric, the springs and the upper half of the conical
mouth, through which the yarn is led to the nip, on an arm hinged to the lower half
of the conical mouth and nipping mechanism.
4. The arrangemont of gearing substantially as described for driving the flyers.
5. The arrangement of gearing substantially as described for driving the grooved
pulleys on the flyer plate.
Tin £ith love of Santamber 1987