IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FATTY MATTERS FOR THE MANU- FACTURE OF CANDLES, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Anton de Schuttenbach, of St. Petersburgh, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FATTY MATTERS FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CANDLES, AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 8th September 1857, and dated the 22nd May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Anton de Schuttenbach
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd May 1857.
I, ANTON DE SCHUTTENBACH, of St. Petersburgh, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FATTY MATTERS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a method of combining paraffine with other
fatty matters for the manufacture of candles, and other purposes. For this
purpose, the vapour of paraffine, as it is produced, passes into a vessel into
which is also conducted the vapour of the fatty matter with which the
paraffine is to be combined, and from this vessel the mixed vapours pass on, and
are brought in contact with a steam jet, and so the vapours of the paraffire
and fatty matter are condensed together, and the combination of the paraffine
with the other fatty matter is obtained. The proportions in which the vapours of
the two substances are brought together may be regulated as may be desired,
and in this way the nature of the resulting compound may be varied.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Anton de Schuttenbach in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTON DE
SCHUTTENBACH, of St. Petersburgh, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Anton de Schuttenbach, Her special licence that I, the said Anton de
Schuttenbach, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Anton de Schuttenbach, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FATTY MATTERS FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CANDLES, AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Anton de Schuttenbach my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Anton de Schuttenbach, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object a method of combining paraffine with other
fatty matters for the manufacture of candles, and other purposes. For this purpose,
the vapour of paraffine, as it is produced, passes into a vessel, into which is also
conducted the vapour of the fatty matter with which the paraffine is to be
combined, and from this vessel the mixed vapours pass on and are brought in
contact with a steam jet, and so the vapours of the paraffine and fatty matter
are condensed together, and the combination of the paraffine is obtained. The
proportions in which the vapours of the two substances are brought together
may be regulated as may be desired, and in this way the nature and the
resulting compound may be varied.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a plan, and Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus,
which I prefer to employ to carry out my Invention. The section, Figure 2,
is taken at the line A, B, Figure 1. a is a vessel of cast or wrought iron for
receiving the fatty matter to be distilled; it is supported within a bath b, for
containing lead, which is kept liquid by the heat of the furnace c placed
underneath. Within the vessel a are two perforated plates a¹ and a², which
divide it into three separate compartments, and there is a pipe opening into
the upper compartment by which the fat may be admitted to that compartment,
and the fat so admitted falls in a shower through the fine perforations of the
plate a into the body of the vessel a; the perforations in the plate a¹ should
be about of an inch in diameter. There is also another pipe which opens
into the lower compartment of the vessel a, and by it superheated steam is
admitted and it escapes through the perforations of the plate a², and comes in
contact with the descending shower of fat. The perforations of the plate a³
should be about three times the size of those of the plate a¹. At a³ there are
two other perforated plates, one placed over the other, so as to prevent any of
the unvolatilized fat being mechanically carried over. The vapours and gases
produced in the vessel a pass over by the pipe d into the V tube e, in which
quicklime is placed, and f is a lead bath for heating the lime in the tube;
g is a vessel of wrought or cast iron for receiving the paraffine to be con-
verted into vapour; it is supported within a lead bath h, the lead in which is
kept liquid by the heat of the furnace i placed underneath. The paraffine, as
it is converted into vapour, passes over by the pipe j into the receiving
vessel k, where it mixes with the volatilized fatty vapour from the vessel a, and
also with steam which passes from the boiler 7 by the pipe m, and enters the
said receiving vessel through the grating n, and the steam with the condensed
vapours escape by the pipe o and pass through a worm contained in the tube p,
and kept cool by water; and as the condensed products escape from the end of
the worm, they are received into suitable vessels. q is a pipe by which the
incondensible gases are led away and discharged into the furnace of the steam
boiler.
The operation is conducted in the following manner:-The V pipe e is
charged through the opening e¹ with the quantity of powdered quicklime
necessary to absorb the carbonic acid gas, which will be generated by the dis-

page_text: tillation of the charge of fat with which it is to be worked, and this quantity
should at first be ascertained by an experiment on a small scale. The lime
should be of good quality, and should be laid in lightly. The fire should then
be lighted in the furnaces, so as to bring the lead in the several baths to a
melting state, and the vessel g receives its charge of purified paraffine. When
the lead in the bath which surrounds the vessel a is perfectly fluid, superheated
steam is admitted under the perforated plate a²; this steam should be heated
to a temperature of about that of melting lead. The fat to be distilled (that
which I prefer to employ being animal fat of inferior quality) is gradually
admitted to the vessel a, taking care to prevent the fat accumulating to any
extent therein. When the vapours, after passing through the lime, reach the
receiving vessel k, they meet the vapours of paraffine, which I prefer to throw
in in the proportion of one part of paraffine to three parts of animal fat distilled ;
the quantity of paraffine entering the vessel k can be to some extent regulated
by the cock in the pipe j. The vapours as they mix are condensed by a jet
of natural steam from the boiler, and are swept by it into the condensing
worin.
The resulting products separate on cooling into a solid fat, and a fluid oil,
and in order to purify the solid matter, it is washed with water, and gently
pressed; it is then ready for the manufacture of candles.
I would remark, that the distilling process should be carried on as rapidly
as possible, as by so doing the loss is less than when it is conducted slowly.
In witness whereof, I, the said Anton de Schuttenbach, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
ANTON DE SCHLITTENDA CIT
ANTON DE SCH
IDACH (L.C.)
I attest that Sir Anton de Schuttenbach has here-
unto set his own handwriting and seal,
Ditto
ditto
Dr M. FRANCIS MASSMANN. (L.S.)
Dr Med. R. BRENNER.
(L.S.)