IMPROVEMENTS IN THE 11. MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGE CASES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Jones, of Birmingham, in the County i
0 of Warwick, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
11. MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGE CASES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED IN
THE SAID MANUFACTURE,”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1872.
I, EDWARD JONES, of Birmingham,. in the County of Warwick,.
5 Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGE CASES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
:-

page_text: an attached metal base, the chief object being to effect an economy in
their manufacture.
In drawing the metal cup that is to be converted into the solid
case or the base of the case, I use a novel arrangement of apparatus
which consists of two or more dies placed one under the other and
having their axes in the same line, and in combination with these dies
I use one plunger. This plunger when brought down upon the metal
cup will carry it through the dies one after the other, and thus by
a continuous operation give the metal a double, treble, or say a
quadruple drawing as the case may be, and for one annealing of the
metal. The diameter of the dies will be so graduated, relatively as to
ensure the proper degree of drawing in each die.
In order to prevent the formation of a burr on the base flange I
recess the plunger instead of or as well as the die used in the manu-
facture of the same, and by rounding or bevilling off the angle of the
recess I avoid the formation of any burr that can be felt when thrusting
the cartridge into the fire-arm. In putting together the base and tube
forming the compound cartridge case it has been found practically
impossible so to connect these parts together as to permit of the cases
yielding to the internal strain of heavy charges without detriment to
their structural integrity, and allowing of their being used again and
again with renewed charges. To provide for this I fit the end of the
tube in the base piece in such a manner as to allow of its sliding.
endwise under the strain of the explosion without disturbing the con-
nection between the parts. The metallic base piece I thicken at its
edge by doubling over or knocking up the metal, and I thus provide
a solid shoulder or rib which when the base piece and tube are put
together will (during the compression of the pulp filling at the bottom
of the case) form an annular indent or cannelure in the tube, and
thus the two parts will be caused to interlock and hold firmly together.
This mode of connecting the parts allows for the internal strain put by
the powder on the tube, and thus avoids the rupture of the tube caused
by the elongation of the case.
•

page_text: E
UI the Letters Fatent,
filed by the said Edward Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd August 1872.
}
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist, send
greeting.
.:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, givė
and grant unto me, the said Edward Jones, Her special licence that
I, the said Edward Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Edward Jones, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGE
CASES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Jones, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Jones, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of solid cartridge cases,
that is, cases formed from one piece of metal, and also to' compound
cartridge cases or those cases which are provided with an attached

page_text: metal base, the chief object being to effect an economy in their
manufacture.
In drawing the metal cup that is to be converted into the solid
case or the base of the case I use a novel arrangement of apparatus,
which consists of two or more dies placed one under the other and
having their axes in the same line, and in combination with these dies
I use one plunger. This plunger when brought down upon the metal
cup will carry it through the dies one after the other, and thus by
a continuous operation give the metal a double, treble, or say a quad-
ruple drawing as the case may be, and for one annealing of the metal.
The diameter of the dies will be so graduated relatively as to ensure the
proper degree of drawing in each die.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn in plan view at Fig. 1,
and in sectional elevation at Fig. 2, so much of my novel arrangement
of dies and parts in connection therewith as will serve to explain the
nature of the first head of my Invention. A is a circular feed plate
mounted on a pivot pin A', which is screwed into a base block B that
is made fast to the framing or table of the die press. By the side
of this block B is fixed a bolster or die holder C, which is covered 'at
top by a guide plate C¹. The bolster or die holder C is represented
at Fig. 2 as containing three dies D, D', D², which are held apart by the
interposition of collars E, E.
Immediately above these dies is situated a plunger F which carries
a punch G, the lower end of which is intended to fit tightly the drawn
cup after it has been acted upon by the several dies in succession.
The uppermost of these dies is the largest in diameter, it being some-
what less than the external diameter of the cup to be drawn.. The
die next below the first die is somewhat less in diameter than the
first die, and the third in succession is somewhat less than the second
die, and so on in proportion if there be more than three in the set.
I
In the feed plate A a ring of holes is formed to receive the cups that
are to be drawn or elongated to form either solid cases or bases for
compound cartridge cases, and to carry them round under the punch G
and immediately over, the dies through which they are to be severally
thrust on the descent of the plunger F. Ratchet teeth are formed on
the edge of the guide plate to permit of its being automatically turned
during the action of the press so as to bring the cups successively

page_text: immediately under the punch and deliver them into the top die. Fig. 3
shews in section the form of metal cup that is to be operated upon,
and Fig. 4 shews the progress of its transformation either to a base piece
or a cartridge case. It will now be understood that as the feed plate has
an intermittent rotary motion and the plunger a reciprocating motion the
punch G will as each cup is successively presented to it carry it down and
thrust it through the several dies in succession. The effect of this will
be to reduce the thickness of the sides of the cup, and consequently to
deepen the cup to the proper degree. Thus after one annealing the cup
will undergo three or more drawings, and thereby the ordinary practice
of annealing the metal at every stage of the drawing will be rendered
unnecessary. On the ascent of the punch the drawn cup will be
disengaged therefrom by its upper edge being caught by the under side
of the die D; the drawn cup will therefore fall through the hole H
in the bottom of the die holder, and be received into a box or other
receptacle provided for the purpose.
When this drawn cup is intended to form the base of a compound.
metal cartridge case according to the second head of my Invention, and
to receive the end of the tube which constitutes the body of the cartridge
case, it is requisite to thicken its edge and thus provide a shoulder or rib
which when the base piece and tube are put together will form an
annular indent or cannelure in the tube, and thereby ensure the inter-
locking of the parts. The operation of thickening the edge of the base
piece I prefer to effect after the cap chamber has been formed therein
and the flange has been formed on the base piece.
Fig. 5 shews in section the punch and die used for forming the cap
chamber and flange, A being the cup, B the fixed die in which is situate
a hollow punch C, and D is the heading punch having a projection at 'E
for forming the cap chamber. Surrounding this projection is an annular
recess F, having rounded or bevelled edges for forming the flange or rim
of the base piece. By thus recessing the punch D I prevent to a great
extent the spreading of the metal at the base, and thus form the solid
head much sounder than by the ordinary method.
In putting together the base and tube forming the compound cart-
ridge case it has been found practically impossible so to connect these
parts together as to permit of the cases yielding to the internal strain
of heavy charges without detriment to their structural integrity, and

page_text: allowing of their being used again and again with renewed charges.
To provide for this I fit the end of the tube in the base piece in such
a manner as to allow of its sliding endwise under the strain of the
explosion without disturbing the connection between the parts, and
it is for the attainment of this object that I thicken the metallic base
piece at its edge. The thickening may be effected by doubling over
or by knocking up the. metal, and a shoulder or rib is thus provided
which when the base piece and tube are put together will (during
the compression of the pulp filling at the bottom of the case) form
an annular indent or cannelure in the tube, and thus lock the two parts
.together.
Several methods of thickening the edge of the base piece are shewn
at Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9. Fig. 6 shews a method of thickening the
edge by knocking up the metal. In this Figure A is the base piece
placed in a divided die B; C is a punch fitting into the base piece
and serving merely as an internal support while the knocking up is
being effected; D is a collar surrounding the punch, and by its descent
the edge of the base piece is struck and driven into an annular recess E
formed in the divided die B. This die is necessarily formed in two or
more pieces to allow of the inscrtion of the base piece A therein, and its
easy removal therefrom after the edge has been thickened.
•
.
The base piece on leaving this die will, while retaining a cylindrical
form externally, possess a thickened edge as shewn in the sectional view
at Fig. 6º.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the method of turning the edge over
outwards. The punch B, Fig: 7, being forced into the base piece A
turns over the edge into the form shewn at A, Fig. 8. It is then submitted
to a hollow tool B¹, Fig. 8, which on being forced down on to the
partially turned-over edge completes its turning over, and gives the base
piece the sectional form shewn at Fig. 8°.
C
Fig 9 illustrates the method of turning the edge inwards. B is a
hollow tool forced over the base piece A, and so shaped as partially
to turn over the edge. The punch rounded at its lower edge and
filling the hollow tool then descends and completes the operation, when
the base piece will possess the sectional form shewn at Fig. 9.
The body of the compound cartridge case is formed of a tube of thin
rolled metal, as usual; I prefer however to fold over the edge of the

page_text: metal which is to constitute the inner end of the tube as shewn at
Figures 10. The strip of metal I then form into a cylindrical tube
as shewn at Fig. 11, and this tube I draw down or "choke "at its
thickened end by the well-known means as shewn at Fig. 12, to
permit of its insertion into the base piece. I then insert into the
cartridge case a wad of paper pulp as shewn at Figures 13, and by com-
pressing the same by means of a plunger, and forcing it down into the
base piece, I cause the tube to expand below the internal shoulder of the
base piece as shewn at Fig. 14, and thus effect such an interlocking of
the parts as will ensure their permanent connection.
This mode of connecting the parts together allows for the internal
strain put by the powder on the tube, and thus avoids the rupture of the
tube caused by the elongation of the case.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of " Improvements
in the Manufacture of Cartridge Cases, and in the Apparatus to be Used
in the said Manufacture," and explained the manner of carrying the
same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part
recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First. Drawing metal cups by passing them through two or more
dies arranged and operating in the manner above described with
reference to Fig. 2.
Secondly. Connecting together the base pieces and tubes of cartridge
cases by means of a cannelure joint produced in the manner above
described.
Thirdly. I claim forming the heading tool or punch D with an
annular recess as shewn at Fig. 5 for the purposes above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Jones, have hereunto set