IMPROVEMENTS IN CURING OR RELIEVING DISORDERS OF THE LUNGS
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIUS
JEFFREYS, of Osnaburgh Street, Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex,
Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-third day of January, in the sixth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Julius Jeffreys, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Julius Jeffreys, my exors, adñiors, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Julius Jeffreys, my exors, adñiors, or assigns,
should at any timo agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CURING OR RELIEVING
DISORDERS OF THE LUNGS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Julius Jeffreys, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Julius Jefferys, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):-
My Invention consists in the employment of apparatus to abstract the heat
from the breath during the act of expiration (which it receives from the
lungs and from the air passages), and give off or transfer such heat to the
incoming air which is drawn in during the act of inspiration, and thus to
warm the air, and render it unirritating to the bronchial and other pulmonary
surfaces, by which means the person using such apparatus will constantly
breath warm air. To attain this object it is well known that invalids are sent
to temperate parts of our island and to warm climates.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
In Figures 1 to 5, the letters in each corresponding with the parts they
denote, Figure 1 is a front view of the case open, the side applied over the
mouth being the back. A, B, C, D, are a vertical line; II, G, I, a horizontal
one; L, L, the lid open. Figure 5 is a side view of the case turned up;
i. c., the upper or lower side of the case when applied to the face. Figure 4
is the back or side next the mouth. These three views are of the case
mounted with its pads, springs, ribbon, &c. L, L, a simple oblong and arched
frame of wire in Figure 5, is fitted to the front edge of the case when closed,
one end of which at L below is turned into a hinge to carry it; the other
end closes over a hasp h. This wire carries a plate of silver finely perforated,
so as to have about one thousand three hundred holes in the square inch, and
about the two hundredth part of an inch thick, and large enough to cover the
front of the case. It is stitched to the wire and seen at P, P, Figure 1.
It is colored to match a ribbon (not shown in the Drawing), but which
proceeds from each end of the plate, of the same width above, but wider below
to hide the chin, and passing towards the back of the head on each side of the
face. Near the cars this ribbon meets a strap which is attached on each side
of the case to a splinter bar M, M, Figures 1, 3, and 5, fixed to the front of
two wings projected from the ends of the case, and seen at H, G, Figures 1
and 3 and 5. The whole of the instrument is thus screened from view, while
the breath and air have free egress and ingress through the large per-
forated plate, which has more than five thousand apertures. The interior of
the case is an oblong arch or a segment nearly of a hollow cylinder, but
the front or couvex and back or concave arch are not concentric, the side
being one twelfth of an inch deeper at the middle N, N. Figure 5, than at

page_text: the ends. The instrument is of different sizes. The case of the medium size
is nearly two and a half inches long inside, between the ends G, G, 14 inches
wide, and about of an inch deep (i. e., from front to back) in the middle, and
a fraction less at the ends. Figure 2 and 3 represent the naked metal caso
without the mountings and attachments. Figure 2 is a section across the
middle, and Figure 3 a perspective elevation of the whole. B, F, G, I, in all
the Figures shows the mouth hole in the back of the instruments, the edges
of which are turned into a little gutter of an inch deep and wide, seen at
B, C, Figure 2, carried all round the hole. This carries the moisture which
is gradually condensed from the breath, and conducts it to the lower side
of the case D, along which lies a sponge, seen at S in the section (Figure 9)
of the instrument, and occupying the space S, S, Figure 1, to the depth of To
of an inch towards the mouth hole, but covering the whole of that side within
of an inch at each end, where the case is made narrower by smaller shoulders
which support the packet of skeins, to be described presently. The sponge
place or chamber has a strip of metal in front of it united to the lower side
of the case, and seen at e in Figures 2 and 3. Tho spongo lying in this
chamber absorbs all the humidity as it gravitates to the bottom of the case.
On the exterior of the case there will be observed at each end two wings
II, G, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, about 1 inch long, as wide as the case
and of the same curvature, and rounded at the extremities. They are, in fact,
a prolongation of the plate in which is the mouth hole.
As the metal is very
thin (about one hundredth of an inch thick) they are stiffened and supported
by a prolongation of the sides of the case, seen at G, G, in Figures 1, 3,
and 5, which are gradually decreased, and are merely a narrow edge opposite
H. The front of these wings give an attachment to the shanks of the splinter
bars to which the supporting straps are fixed; but the chief use of these wings
is at their back or facial surface, where they carry two soft pads or cushions
0, 0, 0, Figure 4, of different materials, according to the tasto of the wearers,
as leather, velvet, silk, or fur. These pads rest against the cheeks at the
sides of the mouth, which support whatever pressure the instrument is kept on
with, and thereby relieve the lips from it, so as to allow them to move freely.
These pads keep the case a little about ono eighth of an inch off the mouth in
the middle, so that air would pass in and out by the falso passage thus left
between the case and the lips were it not for the provision R, R, T, T,
Figures 4 and 5, T, T, being a gentle spiral or gimp spring attached to the
pads at each end, and enclosed and drawn in an arch by a little curtain
of fine air-tight silk stretched to a leathern mounting which covers the whole
exterior of the case. These slight springs apply themselves closely to the lips

page_text: in all their movements, preventing any false passage, but with a pressure so
gentle as to be in no degree unpleasant. This part of the case is magnified,
or shewn on an enlarged scale, to show the curtains, &c. distinctly. Figure
The
11 represents the exact dimensions of the medium size respirator.
instrument is detained in its position by straps attached to the splinter bars
M, M, Figures 1, 3, 4, and 5, and by this arrangement it is allowed to revolve
about the hook in the middle of the bar, and thus to adapt itself with equal
In
pressure to every face, whether the chin bo a projecting or receding one.
front of the ears a narrow ribbon is hooked to the upper edge of the strap
and meets that of the opposite side at the top of the head, or is attached
to the inside of the hat or bonnet of the wearer. The strap itself passes
round to the back of the head, where it is hooked to the opposite one.
The use of the ribbon just mentioned is to keep the strap and instrument from
working downwards. The front broad ribbon stitched to the front perforated
plate is merely ornamental, hiding from view the angles at the ends of the
case and the splinter bar attachments. This ribbon is united with the straps
behind the ears, where it is terminated. Such is the case which holds
the oral respirator. The operative parts of the instrument are shown
in Figures 6 to 10, consisting of a packet of from four to eight skins
of metallic thread, gold, silver, or platenum being the best material, though
I do not confine myself thereto, which is carefully laid over plates of silver
or other metal about one one hundred and fortieth of an inch thick,
and in the medium-sized instrument three inches long, and one and one fourth
of an inch wide, with oblong perforations nearly half an inch long, and one
tenth of an inch wide, over the whole surface; the intermediate upright bars
being one thirtieth, and the horizontal one fortieth of an inch wide. The per-
forations might be much larger, tho horizontal bars might indeed be removed,
but the action of the instrument, as well as its durability, would be thereby
impaired, for these bars serve as a storehouse of the heat brought to them by
the metallic threads. The metallic threads are laid on the plates nearest to
the mouth at one three hundredth of an inch apart, on the next at one six
hundredth, and on the front or outermost plate of the packet at only one nine
hundredth of an inch apart. Notwithstanding this extreme closeness nearly
one half of the whole surfaco is to be unoccupied by metal, forming an
abundant passage for the breath. Figure 6 represents one of the plates
partially covered with the metallic thread to shew the frame within. Figure
10 is an edge view of one of these skeins mounted above and below with a
non-conducting edging of waterproof card; Figure 8 is an edge view of five of
these in a packet kept the due distance apart by this card, and held together

page_text: in the proper arch by an upper and lower plate of thin silver or other metal,
which, however, should be such as not to be prejudicially acted on by the
breath, seen at Figure 8, A, A, and Figure 7, A, A. These plates of silver
above and below make all the skeins into one firm packet. The curvature of
the packet corresponds with that of the front of the case, but it is more curved
than the back or mouth side of the case, the form of which approaches to..a
hyperbolic curve. The difference in these two curvatures causes a space to be
left between the packet and the case in front of the mouth hole, as seen
at B, B, Figure 11, and B, Figure 9. This small space is one twelfth of an
inch wide, and is sufficient for allowing the breath to expand itself to all parts
of the back skein of the packet, after passing through the mouth hole.
Figure 9 is a section across the middle of the instrument, when applied to the
face. A, A, are the packet of skeins. B, the small back chamber or space.
G, G, the gutter round the mouth hole. P, P, the front perforated screen
plate. S, the sponge below for absorbing the condensed moisture. R, R, the
springs enclosed in the air-tight silk, and lying against the lips. Figure 11 is
a horizontal section of the whole instrument, and of the exact dimensions of
that of the medium size. P, P, is the front.screening plate; A, A, the packet
of skeins; B, B, the space between them; G, G, the gutter all round the
mouth hole; R, R, the partition of air-tight silk, which, in Figure. 5, is
shown greatly enlarged; T, T, one of the springs; 0, 0, 0, 0, the pads at each
end fixed on H, H, the wings; 9, 9, the prolongation of the sides of the case,
serving-as buttresses to the wings; K, K, the broad front ribbon, which meets
V, V, the straps behind the wings; Y, Y, the small bands which are tied over
the head. Thus no part of the oral respirator projects even half an inch from
the face. The above is a description of the instrument which is adapted to the
mouth alone, and which may be named the oral respirator.. But it is requisite
to provide an instrument which shall communicate with the. nostrils as well as
the mouth, to be worn by persons who have not accustomed themselves by. the
use of the former to breathe through the. mouth alone. The oral and nasal
(which might be compounded into a single word "orinasal") respirator differs
from the other in the curvature of the packet of skeins being much greater,
which occasions a narrowing of the space, as seen at a, a, Figure 12, when
compared with a, a, Figure 11, while the height of the arch is much increased,
making the chamber behind the packet five sixteenths of an inch deep above,
that is immediately below the nose, and here is an opening in the upper side of
the case founded by the dotted arc m, m,.m, or n, n,.n, Figure 12, and equal
to the whole depth of the chamber, as seen at q, Figure 12. The edge of
metal round this hole, excepting that next the upper lip, is turned over into

page_text: a groove to receive the bent lower wire of the shield Z, Z, Figure 12, and
shown detached at b, b, Figures 13, 14, and 15, V being the naked wire, and
W. and X the wire covered with air-tight silk. The silk is on the outside of
the wire, so that the wire at V, V, Figures 13 and 15, may slide into the groove
round the hole in the upper side of the case. This shield is made of various
sizes to suit the noses of different persons, and has a narrow soft silk edging
at top t, which serves to close any little pressure arising from irregularity
of the feature, seen at Z, Z, Figures 13, 15, and 16. The air is thus enabled
to pass freely from the nostrils behind the packets of skeins, and consequently
issues in and out through them (all other access being closed), with the same
facility as that from the mouth, with the difference only that whilst most of the
breath from the mouth has a horizontal course, that from the nostrils passes
through the skeins obliquely downwards and outwards, as shewn by the diverg-
ing arrows t, t, t, t, Figure 16, at bottom. The back chamber is much narrower
than above, as seen at Y, Figure 16, so as to admit of the elastic spring with
the silk partition being used, which, as before described, applies itself gently
to the lower lip; above this provision is wanting, as there is not space for it on
account of the free opening towards the nostrils. Here, therefore, the upper
lip rests against the back of the case mounted with any soft substance. Now
it is of importance to observe that while various substances may serve to con-
duct some of the heat from the breath, none will do it so effectually as a
metallic one, and again, while many forms may be given to an instrument for
this purpose, none other I believe will be found equal in its eflect to that I have
described, especially with reference to the division of the conducting sub-
stance into separate portions, as in the distinct skeins in the packet, and the
keeping of them apart by an imperfectly conducting substance, as the card
which separates the several packets. By this separation of the skeins they are
maintained at different temperatues, that of the outermost being the lowest,
and are thereby enabled to take up much more of the heat of the breath than
if they were all at one temperature, which would be their state were they
placed in contact with each other. This arrangement likewise qualifies them
for supplying heat most advantageously to the incoming air, which, when cold,
can take warmth even from the outermost skeins, and which, as it grows
warmer in its progress inward, does still find every skein it arrives at warmer
than itself, and therefore qualified to give heat to it. This particular arrange-
ment, whether a metallic conductor be employed or not, I claim as original.
I also claim the employment of skeins, such as I have described, of fine threads
or wires of any substance laid over a frame of any firm material whatever.
Also the use of a case of any firm material for carrying the operative

page_text: part of such instrument, and receiving the condension from the breath, as well
as the use of a sponge for absorbing this condensed moisture. So likewise do
I claim the other part of the instruments, as the lip springs, the attachment
bars, &c.
I would further observe that I consider the use of separate layers of any
perforated substance, whether of metal or not, with or without the addition
of fine thread or tissue, to fall within the scope of my Invention, for finely
perforated plates of any firm substance, would, to a certain extent, execute
the object of the Invention, which, as first stated, consists in applying apparatus
to collect the heat from the outgoing air, and give off such heat to the incoming
air, and thus enable the wearer to breath warm air, such variations in the
apparatus, though in a degree very inferior to that attained to by the use of
metal extended into the finest thread, and placed on distinct laminae of metal
plates perforated as above described.
And lastly, I claim the right to the use of metal as a conducting substance
for the above-described purpose, of what kind soever, and in what form
soever the metal may be employed.
In witness whercof, I, the said Julius Jeffreys, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this
day of
, in the year