Improvements in the Manufacture of Incandescent Bodies for Gas and other Lighting.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 11th June, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 7th Apr., 1898-Accepted., 7th May, 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Incandescent Bodies for Gas
and other Lighting.
I, HANS KAYSER, of 55B, Kopenickerstrasse, Berlin S.O., in the German Empire,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved process or processes for the manufacture of
bodies or substances adapted to be rendered incandescent when exposed to a gas
or other flame of a high temperature, and has for its object to so construct such
bodies or substances that they may bear exposure to rougher treatment or handling
than obtains with such bodies or substances as at present made and used.
In most of the processes at present known for the manufacture of such bodies
or substances, it is required that the chemicals used are mixed together in solution,
such solution being then employed to saturate a piece of woven or other fabric,
the said fabric being afterwards destroyed by fire, thereby leaving behind a skeleton
of the same composed entirely of the residue of the said chemicals. The effect pro-
duced by incandescent bodies obtained in this way was formerly attributed to the
special way of mixing the solutions together, and the application of such solutions
in combined form, but it has since been discovered that the same or like effects
can be obtained, if the various solutions of the earths employed are applied first
to the fabric, and subsequently to the resultant skeleton thereof, one after the
other, the efficiency of the resultant body (as far as regards the power of light
produced by incandescence) being the same in both methods of manufacture, but in
neither method can the frame or body so produced be pronounced solid in such
sense that it can resist pressure to any appreciable extent, but I have discovered
that such or the desired solidity can be obtained if the various substances employed
to make the incandescent body are coated one after the other in different layers
in the order of use, with a thin layer of a certain chemical substance, the layer of
substance thus placed between them, serves to bind the said coatings together in
a manner which may be said to compare with that of soldering smelting or brazing,
and I find in practice that incandescent bodies obtained in this way may be handled
tolerably freely, and are capable of being transported from place to place, in suitable
packing, without further treatment than that hereinafter described.
As an example of the process of manufacturing the said incandescent bodies or
substances according to my invention, the woven or other fabric employed I first
saturate with a solution of a metallic oxide known as thorium, and subsequently
expose the whole to a flame, by means of which I burn away or entirely destroy
the said fabric, leaving behind a skeleton of the same, which now consists entirely
of the said oxide, and this I dip into a 0.1% up to 5% solution of suitable salts,
such for instance as a solution of nitrate of kalium or potassium, the resultant
body being then dried and exposed to a flame to glow.
The foregoing operations, that is to say, the saturating of the fabric with a
solution of thorium, the burning or destruction of the fabric, and the coating of the

page_text: resultant skeleton with a solution of suitable salts such as kalium or potassium,
may be repeated several or as many times as desired, each operation serving to
thicken and add to the strength of the resultant body, while each coating of the
salts acts as a solder weld, smelt or braze to combine each coat of oxide with that
preceding it, and finally, I may saturate the resultant body with a concentrated
solution of thorium, which after exposure to a flame, I may then coat with a thin
solution of cerium, or the last named application of thorium before the coating of
cerium may be omitted.
The chemicals herein before named are given merely as examples, to indicate the
combinations of earth-oxides I prefer to employ, and which I have found most
suitable for attaining the ends desired, but I may, instead of thorium and cerium
employ any other suitable combination of earths, such for instance as that of
lanthanium and zirconium, lanthanium and cerium, or chromium and aluminium
and the like, and as a binding medium other than kalium or potassium, I may
employ any suitable alkaline salts or salts of alkaline earths, or salts of aluminium,
zinc, etc. may be used, but I find that nitrates or silicates are best suited for this
purpose, and I wish it understood that the improved process or processes for
manufacturing incandescent bodies constituting my invention, lies not alone in
the choice of the chemicals employed, but in the manner and distinctive order
of their application to each other and the woven or other fabric first employed,
through the combination of which the lighting effect is attained, while the
rigidity or strength of the incandescent body or substance is enhanced by the
repeated coatings of salts, nitrates or silicates between each coating of the oxides.
Dated this day of June 1897
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Incandescent Bodies for Gas
and other Lighting.
I, HANS KAYSER, of 55B, Kopenickerstrasse, Berlin S.O., in the German Empire,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
-
3
My invention relates to an improved process or processes for the manufacture a
of bodies or substances adapted to be rendered incandescent when exposed to a
gas or other flame of a high temperature, such for instance as the well known
Wellsbach incandescent mantle, and has for its object to so construct such bodies
or substances, that they may bear exposure to rougher treatment or handling
than obtains with such bodies or substances as at present made and used.
4
In most of the processes at present known for the manufacture of such bodies
or substances, it is required that the chemicals used are mixed together in solu-
tion, such solution being then employed to saturate a piece or body of woven or
other fabric, the said piece or body being afterwards destroyed by fire, thereby
leaving behind a skeleton of the same, composed entirely of the residue of the 4
chemicals by which the said piece or body was originally saturated. The effect
produced by incandescent bodies obtained in this way has hitherto been attributed
not only to the chemicals employed in producing the said solution, but to the
special way of mixing the said solutions together and the application of the same

page_text: in combined form, but it has since been discovered that the same or like effects
can be obtained if the various solutions of the earths employed are applied, first
to the fabric and subsequently to the resultant skeleton thereof, one after the
other, the efficiency of the resultant body (in so far as regards the power of light
produced when such body is rendered incandescent) being the same in both
methods of manufacture, but in neither of these methods can the frame or body
so produced be considered as solid or rigid in such sense that it can resist pressure
to any appreciable extent, but I have discovered that such or the desired solidity
can be obtained if the various substances or materials employed to make the in-
candescent body are alternated by a suitable chemical substance as a binding
or brazing agent, or in other words, that each layer of the substances or materials
employed in the making of the said incandescent body be covered by a coating of
the said chemical binding agent before the application of the next layer, and so on,
until the manufacture of the said incandescent body is finished, the result of the
said coating of the said chemical being, that each layer of the said substances
or materials employed in the manufacture or building up of the incandescent body,
are bound or connected together in a manner which may be said to compare
with that of soldering, or brazing, and I find in practice, that incandescent bodies
produced in this way, may be handled tolerably freely or roughly, and are capable
of being transported from place to place in suitable packing, without further treat-
ment, as hereinafter described.
As an example of the process of manufacturing the said incandescent bodies
according to my invention, the woven or other fabric employed I first saturate
with a solution of a metallic oxide known as "thorium," and subsequently expose
the whole to a flame, by means of which I burn away or entirely destroy the said
fabric, leaving behind a skeleton of the same, which now consists entirely of the
said oxide, and this I dip into a 01% up to a 5% solution of suitable salts,
such for instance as a solution of nitrate of potassium, the resultant body being
then dried and exposed to a flame to glow.
The foregoing operation, that is to say, the saturating of the fabric with a
solution of thorium, the burning or exposure of the fabric to a flame, and the
coating of the skeleton with a solution of suitable salts, such as potassium, may
be repeated several, or as many times as desired, each operation serving to thicken
the substance, and add to the strength and stability of the resultant body, while
each coating of the said salts acts as a solder, weld, or braze to combine or unite
each coat of oxide with that preceding and following it, and finally, I may saturate
the resultant body with a concentrated solution of thorium, which, after exposure
to a flame, I may then coat with a thin solution of cerium, or I may employ the
said coating of cerium without the preceding coat of thorium, if desired.
The chemicals herein before named are given merely as examples to indicate
the character of the oxides, and the combination of same that I prefer to use,
and which I have found most suitable for the purposes of my invention, and for
attaining the ends desired, but I may, instead of thorium and or cerium, employ
any other suitable combination of earths, such for instance, as that of lanthanum,
and or zirconium, lanthanum and or cerium, or chromium and or aluminium and
the like, and as a binding agent or medium other than potassium, I may em-
ploy other alkaline salts, or salts of alkaline earths. I find also that salts of
aluminium or zinc may also be used as the binding agent, I also find that nitrates
or silicates are best suited for this purpose, and I wish it understood, that the
improved process or processes for manufacturing incandescent bodies constituting
my invention, lies, not merely in the particular chemicals employed, but in the
manner and distinctive order of their application to each other and to the woven
or other fabric first employed, through the combination of which the lighting
effect is attained, while the rigidity or strength of the incandescent body obtained
is enhanced by the repeated coatings of the binding salts, between each coating
of the oxides.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1st. The improved process for the manufacture of bodies for incandescent
lighting, in which, after a skeleton of earthy oxides has been formed in the usual
way, (by impregnating a fabric with a suitable solution of salts of the oxides
and burning off) the said skeleton is impregnated with suitable binding salts,
and exposed to the action of a flame and subsequently re-dipped into a solution
of salts of earthy oxides (the process being repeated as many times as desired)
substantially as herein described.
2nd. An incandescent mantle prepared substantially as herein set forth.
Dateu
The day
p
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
No. 1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, E.C.
Agent for Applicant.