AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BINDING GRAIN
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan, F.C.S., of 67,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BINDING GRAIN." A communication from
abroad by "The Johnston Harvester Company," of Brockport, in the United
States of America.
ealed the 28th October 1876, and dated the 28th June 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Primerose Howard
Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th Juno 1876.
EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, F.C.S., of 67, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BINDING
GRAIN." A communication from abroad by "The Johnston Harvester Company,"
of Brockport, in the United States of America.
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus designed to be used in connection
with harvesting machines for the purpose of binding the grain as reaped by the
latter.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawing shows the means for carrying the twine
around the bundle and compressing the same for binding.
A is a frame or block secured to the machine, in which runs a slide B, which carries the
binding arm C. The latter is pointed at its lower end and runs through the grain to
form the bundle; it is pivoted at the top at a, and has a roller b, which runs in the
groove or cam-way c. The latter is of the curved and straight form shown, so that
in the descending movement the point of the arm strikes over to embrace the grain,
gradually closes upon and compressis it, brings the two ends of the cord together
for twisting, and then moves down straight. To accomplish these movements in
the groove or cam-way two pivoted latches d, d, are employed, one at the top and
one at the bottom, which open by the striking of the roller b against thein to
change motion from one side of the groove to the other. This is clearly exhibited
in Fig. 1. The slide B is operated by any desired arrangement. D is the reel for
holding the cord attached to the main frame at any desired position; e is a pulley,
over and around which the cord passes, then extends between small rollers midway
of the binding arm, and thence extends around a sinall roller at the pointed end of
the latter, at which point it connects with the other mechanisme, which will
presently be described; E is a lever, hung at by a pivot to the stationary frame;
F is a brake attached to the lever and resting at the upper end near the rim of the
pulley e, it is drawn back when at rest from the pulley by a spring and connection g;
is a toe attached to the lever E; and i, a corresponding toe attached to the slide B.
These toes have reverse inclines j, j, which when they strike together press the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: 0,
brake F outward against the rim of the pulley e, thereby applying tension to the
cord at the proper time to draw the cord around the gavel; G is a gathering wheel
located in the machine at the proper position to catch the cord carried down by the
binding arm. This wheel is provided with a series of spurs or points K, K, as
shown in Fig. 3, having grooves between them which receive and hold the cord; it
receives rotary motion by any desired means, that shown being a ratchet wheel H
beneath it (Fig. 4 and 5), with which engages a pawl b attached to a crank arm m.
The ratchet wheel and the gathering wheel receive forward rotary motion as the
machine progresses. I, I, represent springs for catching and holding the cord as it
is drawn therein by the gathering wheel. These springs consist of two plates
(Fig. 5), between which strike the spurs K, K, of the gathering wheel. The spurs
which catch the cords turn the same between the spring plates, which hold them in
place preparatory to being cut and wound.. K is the gathering point, which carries
the cord inward so as to be caught by the spurs of the gathering wheel. This point
first moves forward so as to cover the cord, and is then moved inward to press the
latter up to the wheel. The point is moved forward by means of a stud o on the
which
slide I which strikes a shoulder p. On the opposite side is another stud
rests in the curved slot r. When the point is pressed sufficiently far forward the
gathering point enters the offset or slot r, and the stud o then releases from
shoulder P which stops the forward motion. The stud o then strikes an incline s
of the point, which presses the latter inward. At the rear the shank of the point
is clotted and slides on a guide stud t. The point is pressed outward by a spring u.
This arrangement is clearly shown in Fig. 3. The point is drawn back by a spur v
on a slide L, which strikes a tongue w of the shank of the point. M is the cutter
and holder frame located above the gathering wheel, and pivoted at Z so as to turn
upward at the inner end; it has two plates y, y, at the inner end, between which
rest the clamp bars x and the cutter hook t. At the rear end is a box a², in which
is a rubber or other spring 62, against which rests the end of the clamp x (Fig. 6).
The shank of the hook t is pivoted at c² to a connecting rod d², operated by a cam
wheel or other suitable device to draw the hook against the clamp x and over the
cutter edge y. The cord as it is brought inward by the gathering point is drawn
into the hook by the spurs of the gathering wheel, and the book then draws back
into the frame, clamping the cord between the hook and the end of the clamp box,
and then cuts it off by the sliding of the sharp square edge of the bottom of the
hook over the squared edge surface y. In this position the cord remains fixed
between the hook and the clamp bar till the winding head draws it up, and the
sliding hook extends out and catches the cord to produce the knot, when the cord is
then released. Meanwhile the loose end of the cord extending from the binding
arm C is held by the gathering wheel and springs before described, and in that
condition is ready for binding a new bundle. N is the winding head or cylinder;
it has a compound sliding or end motion, rotary motion, and vertical or swinging
motion to accomplish its several functions; it is attached at the rear to a block Ŏ
pivoted at (Fig. 8) resting in bearings g², 92, at suitable distance apart to allow
the necessary sliding motion. This block, turning on the pivot f, allows the front
end to rise and fall; it is provided in the block with a pinion h2, which engages
with a cog-rack ² on the under side of a sliding plate K. This plate moves cross-
wise in ways 62, 63, and has a curved slot m² (Fig. 7), through which passes a
stud n² from the block O. As the plate is moved backward and forward the curved
slot playing over the stud gives a sliding motion to the plate. The latter is
operated by a pitman of or any equivalent device. The plate K2 has down turning
flanges p, p, which embrace a bearing 92, which in turn embraces the pinion and
rack and slides freely between the bearings g², g². The end motion of the shaft and
winding head is attained by the above-described arrangement. 2 is a swinging
cam pivoted at 82 under the front end of the winding head and having a square
seat . Under this cam rests a swinging block u² or some equivalent device, by
turning which the swinging cam will be raised, as shown in (Fig. 8); by this means
the winding head is retained raised after it has been drawn up by the winding of

page_text: the cord. Within the winding head are two points u³ and v², the one being round
or cylindrical and the other flat, as shown. These are situated some distance apart,
and between them is a hook 2, which lies near the flat point, as shown. The points
and also the hook have shanks, which extend back within the shaft of the winder,
as shown. The shanks of the two points attach to a slide a³, which slides freely
upon the shaft, by which means the points are pushed out or drawn in. The shank
of the hook attaches to a thimble or slide 68, by which means the hook is pushed
out or drawn in in a similar manner. The thimbles giving motion to the points
and the hook receive their movement in any desired manner, that shown being
rock arms and operated by mechanism not shown.
In Fig. 10 is shown a means for gathering the cords together so that they will
come between the two points us and 2 of the winding head before the latter aro
pushed out from the head to produce the winding. This arrangement consists of
a notch f³ in the bed for receiving the grain for binding, and a slide g³ which
moves at right angles and is provided with an inclined end ³ which pushes the
cords into the notch, and a square offset which concentrates the cords directly in
line with the centre of the winding head so that the cords come in place.
In Figs. 11 and 12 are shown front views of a combined harvester and binder
in order to show the conveyors projecting through the platform, the inclined
platform, and also the curved sheet-iron platform D³, on which last the bundle is
made.
In Figs. 13 and 14 are shown a double framework F with levers F¹ attached
to operate the same. On these frames are secured the conveyors E¹, as shown in
Fig. 14; they are placed side by side and work alternately with each other; the
whole is placed under the platform of the harvester as well as under the inclined
platform leading from the harvester to the binder frame, as shown in Figs. 11
and 12. The points of the levers E project up through the platform and come in
contact with the grain, carry it up the inclined plane over to the binder platform D
ready for the binder.
The inclined platform spoken of above is made to move backward and for-
ward with the binder frame in order to carry the grain to any desired point on
the binder platform.
The operation is as follows:- -The binding arm is carried down passing the cord
around the bundle; the cord is then caught between the gathering wheel and
springs by the action of the gathering point. The two ends of the cord are also
caught by the hook and clamp bar, and then cut off and held by the clamp. The
cords passing between the two points of the winding head aro wound by tho
rotation of the winder, and in the act of winding the shaft of the winder moves
back a little so as to let the points pass the cord above and below (which extends
to the points of attachment), and the hook then comes out and the lower end of the
cord is caught by the hook as it winds. The act of winding draws up the cutter
frame and holder, and also the winding head, and the hook drawing in produces
the knot. In the act of drawing in the end of the cord draws over the hook
between the hook and the spring, which draws the knot tight. The tying thus
produced is secure and cannot slip.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th December 1876.
65
EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, F.C.S., of 67, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BINDING
GRAIN." A communication from abroad by the Johnston Harvester Company, of
Brockport, in the United States of America.
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus designed to be used in connection
with harvesting machines for the purpose of binding the grain as reaped by the latter.

page_text: Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing shows the means for carrying the twine
around the bundle and compressing the same for binding.
A is a frame or block secured to the machine, in which runs a slide B, which
carries the binding arm C. The latter is pointed at its lower end, and runs through
the grain to form the bundle; it is pivoted at the top at a, and has a roller b,
which runs in the groove or cam-way c. The latter is of the curved and straight
form shown, so that in the descending movement the point of the arm strikes over
to embrace the grain, gradually closes upon and compresses it, brings the two ends
of the cord together for twisting, and then moves down straight. To accomplish
these movements in the groove or cam-way two pivoted latches d, d, are employed,
one at the top and one at the bottom, which open by striking of the roller b
against them to change motion from one side of the groove to the other. This is
clearly exhibited in Figure 1. The slide B is operated by any desired arrangement.
D is the reel for holding the cord attached to the main frame at any desired
position; e is a pulley, over and around which the cord passes, then extends
between small rollers midway of the binding arm, and thence extends around a
small roller at the pointed end of the latter, at which point it connects with the
other mechanism, which will presently be described; E is a lever, hung at ƒ by a
pivot to the stationary frame; F is a brake attached to the lever and resting at the
upper end near the rim of the pulley e, it is drawn back when at rest from the
pulley by a spring and connexion g; h is a toe attached to the lever E; and i, a
corresponding toe attached to the slide B. These toes have reverse inclines j, j,
which when they strike together press the brake F outward against the rim of the
pulley e, thereby applying tension to the cord at the proper time to draw the cord
around the gavel; G is a gathering wheel located in the machine at the proper
position to catch the cord carried down by the binding arm. This wheel is provided
with a series of spurs or points K, K, as shown in Figure 3, having grooves between
them which receive and hold the cord; it receives rotary motion by any desired
means, that shown being a ratchet wheel H beneath it (Figures 4 and 5), withi
which engages a pawl b attached to a crank arm m. The ratchet wheel and the
gathering wheel receive forward rotary motion as the machine progresses. I, I, re-
present springs for catching and holding the cord as it is drawn therein by the
gathering wheel. These springs consist of two plates (Fig. 5), between which
strike the spurs K, K, of the gathering wheel. The spurs which catch the cords
turn the same between the spring plates, which hold them in place preparatory to
being cut and wound. K is the gathering point, which carries the cord inward so
as to be caught by the spurs of the gathering wheel. This point first moves forward
so as to cover the cord, and is then moved inward to press the latter up to the
wheel. The point is moved forward by means of a stud o on the slide I which
strikes a shoulder p. On the opposite side is another stud o, which rests in the
curved slot . When the point is pressed sufficiently far forward the gathering
point enters the offset or slot, and the stud o then releases from shoulder p.
which stops the forward motion. The stud o then strikes an inclines of the
point which presses the latter inward. At the rear the shank of the point is
clotted and slides on a guide stud t. The point is pressed outward by a spring u.
This arrangement is clearly shown in Figure 3. The point is drawn back by a
spur von a slide L, which strikes a tongue w of the shank of the point. Mis
the cutter and holder frame located above the gathering wheel, and pivoted at Z
so as to turn upward at the inner end; it has two plates y, y, at the inner end,
between which rest the clamp bars and the cutter hook t At the rear end is a
box a, in which is a rubber or other spring 62, against which rests the end of
the clamp (Fig. 6). The shank of the hook tis pivoted at c to a connecting
rod d, operated by a cam wheel or other suitable device to draw the hook
against the clamp and over the cutter edge y. The cord as it is brought
inward by the gathering point is drawn into the hook by the spurs of the
gathering wheel and the hook then draws back into the frame, clamping the cord
between the hook and the end of the clamp box a, and then cuts it off by the

page_text: sliding of the sharp square edge of the bottom of the hook over the squared edge
surface y. In this position the cord remains fixed between the hook and the clamp
bar till the winding head draws it up, and the sliding hook extends out and catches
the cord to produce the knot, when the cord is then released. Meanwhile the
loose end of the cord extending from the binding arm C is held by the gathering
wheel and springs before described, and in that condition is ready for binding a
new bundle. N is the winding head or cylinder; it has a compound sliding or
end motion, rotary motion, and vertical or swinging motion, to accomplish its
several functions; it is attached at the rear to a block O pivoted at f (Figure 8)
resting in bearings g, g, at suitable distance apart to allow the necessary sliding
motion. This block turning on the pivot fallows the front end to rise and fall;
it is provided in the block with a pinion h2, which engages with a cog-rack v³ on the
under side of a sliding plate K. This plate moves crosswise in ways 62, 62, and has
a curved slot m² (Fig. 7) through which passes a stud n² from the block O. As
the plate is moved backward and forward the curved slot playing over the stud
gives a sliding motion to the plate. The latter is operated by a pitman o³ or any
equivalent device. The plate K* has down turning flanges p², p², which embrace a
bearing q², which in turn embraces the pinion and rack and slides freely between
the bearings g, 9. The end motion of the shaft and winding head is attained by
the above-described arrangement. 2 is a swinging cam pivoted at under the
front end of the winding head and having a square seat t². Under this cam rests
a swinging block u² or some equivalent device, by turning which the swinging
cam will be raised, as shown in (Fig. 8); by this means the winding head is retained
raised after it has been drawn up by the winding of the cord. Within the winding
head are two points u³ and v², the one being round or cylindrical and the other
flat, as shown. These are situated some distance apart, and between them is a
hook w, which lies near the flat point; as shown. The points and also the hook.
have shanks, which extend back within the shaft of the winder, as shown. The
shanks of the two points attach to a slide a³, which slides freely upon the
shaft, by which means the points are pushed out or drawn in. The shank of
the hook attaches to a thimble or slide b³, by which means the hook is pushed out
or drawn in in a similar manner. The thimbles giving motion to the points and
the hook receive their movement in any desired manner, that shown being rock
arins and d³ operated by imechanism not shown.
In Figure 10 is shown a means for gathering the cords together so that they will
come between the two points us and of the winding head before the latter are
pushed out from the head to produce the winding. This arrangement consists of
a notch in the bed for receiving the grain for binding, and a slide which
moves at right angles and is provided with an inclined end h³, which pushes the
cords into the notch, and a square offset which concentrates the cords directly in
line with the centre of the winding head so that the cords come in place.
In Figures 11 and 12 are shown front views of a combined harvester and binder
in order to show the conveyors projecting through the platform, the inclined
platform, and also the curved sheet-iron platform D, on which last the bundle is
made.
In Figures 13 and 14 are shown a double framework F with levers F¹ attached
to operate the same. On these frames are secured the conveyors E¹, as shown in
Fig. 14; they are placed side by side and work alternately with each other; the
whole is placed under the platform of the harvester as well as under the inclined
platform leading from the harvester to the binder frame, as shown in Figures 11
and 12. The points of the levers E project up through the platform and come in
contact with the grain, carry it up the inclined plane over to the binder plat-
form D ready for the binder.
The inclined platform spoken of above is made to move backward and forward
with the binder frame in order to carry the grain to any desired point on the binder
platform.
The operation is as follows:-The binding arm is carried down passing the cord
.

page_text: around the bundle; the cord is then caught between the gathering wheel and
springs by the action of the gathering point. The two ends of the cord are also
caught by the hook and clamp bar, and then cut off and held by the clamp. The
cords passing between the two points of the winding head are wound by the
rotation of the winder, and in the act of winding the shaft of the winder moves
back a little so as to let the points pass the cord above and below (which extends
to the points of attachment), and the hook then comes out and the lower end of the
cord is caught by the hook as it winds. The act of winding draws up the cutter
frame and holder and also the winding head, and the hook drawing in produces the
knot. In the act of drawing in the end of the cord draws over the hook between
the hook and the spring, which draws the knot tight. The tying thus produced is
secure and cannot slip.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details of construction and arrangement above laid down, as
these may be inodified according to circumstances; but what I claim and desire to
protect by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is-
1st. The winding and tying head N, having the sliding points u³ and v³ for
winding the cord, and the hook W2 for catching and tying the cord, as described.
2nd. The spring point acting to hold the loose end of the cord between itself
and the hook as it is drawn in, thereby producing tension on the cord for tying, as
described.
3rd. The winding head N, having an end motion to catch the cord, a rotary
motion to twist it, and a vertical motion to compensate for the winding, as
described.
4th. The notch f³ in the bed and the slide g³ provided with the inclined end ³
and offset (Fig. 10) for centering the cords over the center of the winder, as
shown and described.
5th. The binding arm C having the roller b resting in the cam-way c, and the
dogs or latches d, d, for changing the motion of the said roller, as shown in Fig. 1.
6th. The friction brake F in combination with the pulley e (Fig. 1) for producing
tension on the cord.
7th. The gatherer G provided with points K, K, for catching the cord, and the
spring jaws I, I, for catching and holding the cord, as described.
Sth. The combination with the gatherer G of the gathering point K, for the
purpose specified.
9th. The cutter frame M and cutter or pincer t, for cutting off and holding the
cord, as described.
10th. The yielding block 62 in the rear of the cutter, as and for the purpose
specified.
11th. The combination of a harvester and binder located, as shown in Figs. 11
and 12.
12th. The conveyors E¹, for the purpose specified.
13th. The sliding inclined platform and grain elevator combined.
14th. The combination of the above and the platform a¹.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
E. P. H. VAUGHAN. (L.S.)