IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Mara Fell, of 74, King William Street,
in the City of London, and William Cooke, of Curzon Street, Saint
George's Parish, Hanover Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Turzantio of is ThennoRYDYG
WYYATORS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Mara Fell and
William Cooke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th June 1854.
We, THOMAS MARA FELL, of 74, King William Street, the City of
London, and WILLIAM COOKE, of Curzon Street, Saint George's Parish,
Hanover Square, County Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS" to be as follows; and con-
sists in employing, in the case of a window or such like opening, an angular
rule-jointed ventilator, to which is attached in the usual way sheets of per-
forated material or guaze, to extend across the window, the utility of which
joint is to regulate the quantity and admission of fresh air, to expel the foul or
exhausted air, and to allow of the ventilator being closed when not in action;
and of a ventilator constructed to fit the opening through which ventilation is
required, and having only portions thereof perforated or guaze'd, which openings
can be stopped by a shutter or slide.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent, filca
by the said Thomas Mara Fell and William Cooke in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 15th December 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
MARA FELL, of 74, King William Street, in the City of London, and WILLIAM
COOKE, of Curzon Street, Saint George's Parish, Hanover Square, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors. give and grant unto us, the
said Thomas Mara Fell and William Cooke, Her special licence that we,
the said Thomas Mara Fell and William Cooke, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Mara Fell and
William Cooke, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Themas
Mara Fell and William Cooke, or one of us, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Mara Fell, on behalf of
myself and the said William Cooke, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement and
accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
=
Our Invention consists, firstly, in the employment, in the case of a window or
such like opening, of a rule-jointed ventilator, fitted and made to open at an
angle, and by means of contrivances, herein explained, of shutting the same
simultaneous or not, as preferred, with the action or movement of the frame or
window, thereby causing the necessary amount of ventilation, and obtaining
the means of dispensing with the use of the said ventilator when not required.
Fig. 1, a front elevation, shewing the ventilator fitted across or horizontally to

page_text: a window; the same, when required, may be used upright or vertically, Figs.
2 and 3, sectional elevations, Fig. 3 being in the line marked A, B. The
parts marked a, a, are plates of perforated or gauzed material, (iron, zine, or
brass being preferred,) and made either single (Fig. 4, a cross section, 2 inch
scale,) or double, the latter being used or mostly preferred, and are first bent
in the shape, Fig. 5, (a cross section, 2 inch scale,) joined or soldered at a;
two or more of these plates of the requisite. length, viz., the measurement
across the window and breadth required, according to the extent of ventilation
necessary, are then united at their extremities to a metal rule joint (Figs.
6 and 7), plan and elevation, having the same number of arms or pieces
corresponding to the number of plates. The ventilator being now ready for
fixing, at each side of the window or opening are securely fixed at the top
portion, in the case of ventilators being used across or horizontally, plates of
metal or pieces of wood, or other convenient material, to suit the situation, of
similar shape to Figs. 8 or 9, Fig. 10 being a sectional elevation through at
A, B, shewn in position by the dotted lines in Fig. 3, the use of which are two-
fold; first, to prevent fresh or the vitiated air passing in or out of the room or
compartment through the spaces b, b, formed by the position of the plates
when at an angle; and, secondly, to support and keep in proper position the
ventilator by means of the pivot joint on each side c.
elevation and plan of a stud of metal, iron or brass, two of which are screwed
or fastened to any convenient part of the moveable portion of the sash frame
or window, used to keep in proper position, lift up, or close the ventilator, which
when shut assumes the position shewn in Fig. 2, d being the stud. Several
other contrivances may be used to accomplish this purpose of shutting or
closing the ventilator, as exemplified in the form of studs marked Figs. 13, 13ª,
and 14, 14, sections and plans, Figs. 13 and 13 providing a joint (c) or.fixed
connection, when required, between the ventilator and moveable portion of the
sash or frame, and Figures 14 and 14%, a common socket joint at a. The
form of supporting side plate or piece of wood, used and marked as Fig. 9, is
constructed so as to form a slot or slide (g), in which a small rod of metal, iron
or brass, attached to the end of the rule joint is allowed to move, for the
purpose of facilitating the even and correct motion of the plates, as before
described.
Figs. 11 and 12,
The second part of our Invention consists in modifications of the above
specified ventilators, and of ventilators applicable to the various purposes of
ventilation herein explained; that is to say, for the purposes of ventilation
through, or by the means of openings of or in connection with flues, chimneys,
shafts, pipes, or such like contrivances, having communication with the external

page_text: atmosphere, we construct as follows:-Figure 15, sectional elevation, a double
plate of iron, zinc, or other metal, bent in the form shewn, perforated or gauzed
at the top portions a, a; b, the front plate, to which plate a is attached by
rivetting or soldering; c, a door or shutter hinged to plate b, in order to close
the ventilator, if found necessary, by means of the catch d; the draught
or line of ventilation is in the direction of the pointed arrows. Fig. 15, a
front elevation of the same. In order to render this last-mentioned ventilator
applicable to other purposes than above explained we construct as follows:
Figs. 16 and 16, sectional and front elevations. a, a, plate of metal (iron or
zinc preferred), perforated or gauzed at b, b, and attached to the front plate c
by rivets or solder; d, the shutter or door, hinged at f; and e, the catch,
for the same and similar purpose, as before explained in Figs. 15 and 15³.
Figs. 17 and 17, sectional and front elevations of a ventilator constructed
as follows, and used principally for church purposes. a, a, two circular plates of
metal (iron or zinc preferred), perforated or gauzed at the openings b, b; c, the
exterior or outside casing; d, an axle; e, a wheel fitted thereon; the two plates
a, a, made exactly similar, are placed upon the axle e, having one side of their
surfaces in contact. When ventilation is required, the spaces b, b, are made or
caused by means of a chain or rope passed round the wheel e to face or stand
immediately opposite, in which position the foul or exhausted air is allowed to
escape through the perforated or gauzed apertures as before.
Now, what we particularly claim as our Invention is, the construction of
ventilators, having plates of perforated or gauzed material fixed to a rule joint
or frame or other contrivance, whereby the said plates are made to open or
shut at an angle, with or without connection with the moveable portion of the
sash or frame, in the manner substantially the same as herein explained by the
first part of our Invention; and, secondly, the modifications, improvements,
arrangements, and plans of ventilators, substantially the same as herein given
as the second part of our Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Mara Fell, on behalf of myself
and the said William Cooke, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four.
THOS M. FELL. L.S.)