IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIB, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF MUN BAKED TO Drying. BoilinG. AND OTHER PURPOSES.” PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Heaton Taylor, of Sheffield, in the County
of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIB, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF
MUN BAKED TO Drying. BoilinG. AND OTHER PURPOSES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Heaton
Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th July 1874.
I, ROBERT HEATON TAYLOR, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR, AND IN THE
APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO DRYING, BOILING, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists of improvements in the method of and
apparatus for heating air, and in the application thereof to drying,

page_text: In carrying the same into effect I employ a steam, air, or other
engine to work an air pump, cylinder, fan, or other machine which forces
atmospheric air through a coil of pipes (which I call the "air heater")
fixed in a furnace heated for the purpose, or I apply the air heater to
the flues of steam boilers. From the heater I carry a main pipe or a
range of pipes in which I place a regulating valve (worked by the
expansion of a copper rod or other suitable means) to the apparatus
used in the process of drying or boiling or other analogous purpose to
which the heating medium can be advantageously applied, and supply
the air thus heated to hollow cast-iron cylinders, which thus effect the
desired drying. Each cylinder is supplied separately by a branch pipo
running from the main pipe. From the opposite ends of the cylinders
to which the branch pipes cnter I connect other pipes running to
another main pipe (which I call the "return main"), which as well as
the inlet main is carried in the roof over the drying apparatus to 1
rarify the air and prevent condensation of the steam arising from the
drying of the paper or other material.
In drying paper I arrange the cylinders so that I keep only one side
of the paper in contact with the heated surfaces of the drying cylinders,
the pores of the contrary side thus remain open until the paper is 2
thoroughly dried, when that side can be glazed in the usual glazing
calenders, by which means I get machine-made paper equal to hand-
made paper and thus increase its value.
By the systems at present in use one side of the paper is passed over
one heated cylinder and then the contrary side of paper is presented to 2
the next heated cylinder, which causes the moisture to be retained in
the centre of the paper, as the first cylinder partially dries and glazes or
closes the pores of the side in contact with its hot surface and drives
the moisture towards the paper's centre, and the next cylinder being in
contact with the contrary side of the paper dries, glazes, and closes its 3
pores and drives the remaining moisture also towards the paper's centre,
and as this process is continued during the continuance of the paper in
the machine the paper is consequently never thoroughly dried and not
so valuable as hand-made paper for wrapping up bright surfaces or
other uses. From the return main I carry an up-cast pipe through the 3
roof and attach a valvo (which I call the " escape valve") to the end
thereof, and which I weight to the pressure required.

page_text: It has been hitherto the practice of heating the cylinders by gas jets
or steam, generally the exhaust steam from the steam engines, which
has usually to be weighted to about fifteen pounds per square inch back
pressure to supply the necessary amount of heat, but sometimes the
steam is supplied direct from the boilers, which, besides being wasteful,
gives great risk from explosion of the cylinders, as the reducing valve
being liable to get out of order in that event allows an excess of pressure
to accumulate which bursts the cast-iron cylinders.
There are other objections to steam being used as the condensation
inside the cylinders, and also the leakages in the communications, and
the wear and tear of the steam engines, and the extra cost of supplying
the extra steam is very great, but by the application of this Invention
the air is heated at very little cost, as very little fuel suffices in my
furnace to do so, and in cases in which I apply the heater to the flues
of steam boilers no extra fuel is required, and I am enabled to get any
reasonable amount of heat without increasing the pressure which cannot
be done with steam.
I also avoid the risk of bursting the cylinders, which can be mado
lighter than if required to withstand a heavy pressure, and require a less
number of cylinders in each apparatus, as I get a much higher tem-
perature of heat, and enable the machine to run at a higher speed and
get out an increased amount of paper or other material from the in-
creased temperature, and effect a great saving in cost in repairs to steam
engines by obviating the necessity for the heavy back pressure.
In using the heated air instead of steam for the process of boiling, I
employ the same apparatus, as above described, for drying, with the
addition of a box in the inlet main or branch for the injection of
moisture or chemicals under pressure to replace the loss by boiling, that
is, when the Invention is applied to an ordinary revolver or rag boiler.
The advantages obtained are the cheapness and readiness of producing
the heated medium without causing an undue pressure.

page_text: SPÈCIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Heaton Taylor in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
HEATON TAYLOR, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing dato the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-oighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Heaton Taylor,
Her special licence that I, the said Robert. Heaton Taylor, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Robert Heaton Taylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR HEATING AIR, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO DRYING, BOILING, AND
OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Robert Heaton Taylor, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause 2
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
l'atent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Heaton Taylor, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same a
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, and on reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to and consists of certain improvements in the
method of and apparatus for heating air, and in the application thereof 3
to drying, boiling, and other similar purposes.

page_text: The present methods of drying in the manufacture of paper or of
woollen, cotton, silk, or other fabrics are by jets of gas applied internally
to hollow cast-iron drying cylinders (or by fan blasts applied direct to
the material), or more generally by steam applied internally to the
cylinders, the material to be dried being passed over the external surface
of the said cylinders. These modes are all objectionable and costly, and
if high pressure steam is used great risk is incurred of bursting the said
cylinders, which has frequently happened; in most cases however the
exhaust steam from the motive engine is used for the purpose, and in
that case the back pressure on the engine has to be increased to about
fifteen pounds per square inch to obtain the necessary amount of heat,
this is likewise a costly and objectionable method from the extra wear
and tear of the engine, also from the frequency of leakages.
In the drying of paper in the process of manufacture the paper pulp
is passed over the drying cylinders as above stated, and its reverse sides
come alternately in contact with the heated surfaces of the alternate
cylinders, and consequently the moisture is continually returned towards
the centre of the paper at each contact with the heated cylinders, and
its pores becoming closed the moisture is thus prevented from being
thoroughly removed from the paper, which is consequently not so
valuable for wrapping bright articles as if thoroughly dry, and has to be
retained a length of time before it can be used for such a purpose.
In the manufacture of paper the material is also boiled in pans or
revolving cylinders charged with steam, chemicals, and water to effect
its cleansing or treatment; the present manner of effecting this is by
placing the material to be cleansed or treated in the pan or revolving
cylinder or spherical boiler, and mixing therewith the necessary water
and chemicals and then closing the cover tight and admitting steam,
direct from the boilers or the exhaust steam, from the motive engines.
which thus increases the pressure on the latter; this mode of boiling is
objectionable for the same reasons as above given in the drying process.
י
The principal features of this Invention are to obviate these objections
and to obtain a more speedy, safe, and thorough method of drying,
boiling, and heating.
I will now proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which
my said Tuvention is to be or may be performed or carried into practical
effect, and in order that the same may be completed understood I have

page_text: annexed hereunto one Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and havo
marked the same with Figures of reference corresponding with those in
the following explanation thereof, that is to say :-
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 represents an
clevation of the air propeller and air heater and shews the application
of my Invention to a drying machine; Figure 2 represents a plan of tho
same; and Figure 3 represents an elevation of Donkin's spherical rotary
rag boiler, and illustrates the similar application thereto; the illustrations
of the drying machine and of the rag boiler are made on a reduced scalo
and shew only sufficient of each machine to illustrate clearly the
application of my Invention thereto.
In carrying my Invention into effect I employ a steam, air, or "other
engine 1, or fan, or other equivalent machine to propel or force atmospheric
air to and through a coil or series of pipes 2 (which I call the “air
heater") fixed in a furnace 3, or I apply the "air heater" to the flues
of steam boilers. From the said heater I carry an inlet main pipe 4 (or
a range of pipes) in which I place a suitable regulating valve 5 (worked
by the expansion of a copper rod or other suitable means) to the
apparatus used in the process of drying (or boiling, or heating, or other
analogous purposes to which the licating medium can be advantageously a
applied), and supply the air thus heated to the hollow cast-iron
cylinders 6 (Figures 1 and 2) which are thus caused to effect the desired
drying. Each cylinder 6 is supplied with the hot air separately by a
branch pipe 7 running from the main pipe 4. From the opposite ends
of the cylinders 6 to which the branch pipes 7 enter I connect other a
branch pipes 8 running to a return main pipe 9, which as well as the
inlet main 1 is carried in or near the roof over the drying apparatus to
rarify the air and prevent condensation of the steam arising from the
drying of the paper or other material. The pipes 7, 8, may be provided
with cocks 13 if required.
3
In drying the paper I arrange the cylinder 6 and the guide rolls 11
and the felt rolls 15 so as to lead and keep only one of its sides in
contact with the heated surfaces of the cylinders, the pores of the
contrary side thus remain open until the paper is thoroughly dried, when
that side can be glazed in the usual glazing calenders 16; by these 3
means I get machine-made paper equal to hand-made paper and thus
increase its value. From the return main 9 I carry an up-cast pipo 10

page_text: through the roof and attach an escapo valve 11 to the end thereof, and
this I weight to the pressure required so as to prevent dangerous accu-
mulation in the cylinders 6.
The gearing for actuating the cylinders is not shown as it is a simplo
re-arrangement of that ordinarily used.
In using the heated air instead of steam for the process of boiling I
employ the same heating, propelling, and escape apparatus, as above
described, for drying. I also place a box 12 and pipe 17 in communi-
cation with the inlet main 4, Figuro 3, for the injection of moisture and
chemicals under pressure to replace the loss by boiling.
The advantages obtained by the application of this Invention are that
the air is heated at very little cost, as very little fuel suffices in my
furnace to do so, and in the cases in which I apply the heater to the
flues of steam boilers no extra fuel is required, and I am enabled to get
a sufficient and variable amount of heat without increasing the pressure
which cannot be done with steam.
I also avoid the risk of bursting the drying cylinders, which can be
made lighter than if required to withstand a heavy steam pressure, and
requiro a less number of cylinders in each apparatus, as I get a much
higher temperature of heat and enable the machine to run at a higher
speed and get out an increased amount of paper or other material from
the increased temperature, and also effect a great saving of cost in repairs
of steam engines by obviating the necessity for the heavy back pressure.
The advantages obtained in my process of boiling are also the
cheapness and readiness of producing the heating medium without
causing an undue pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of my said Invention, together with the manner in which tho
same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I
would remark in conclusion that I claim as my Invention, the general
construction and arrangement of the air propeller and air heater, and
the application of the air heated thereby to drying cylinders used in the
manufacture of paper and of woollen, silk, cotton, and other fabrics, or
for such like uses, and the like application thereof to the process of
boiling in the manufacture of paper or for similar uses, and the appli-
cation of the heating apparatus to the heating of buildings or for similar

page_text: purposes, and the improved method of passing the paper (or other
material) to be dried over the drying cylinders, all substantially as
herein set forth.
In witness whercof, I, the said Robert Heaton Taylor, havo here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of January, {
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five