A MACHINE FOR CALENDERING, GLAZING, AND DRESSING OF MUSLIN, CALLICOE, COTTON, LINEN, WOOLLEN, SILKS, PAPER, GAUZE, MOHAIR, AND OTHER ARTICLES, IN A SUPERIOR MANNER TO ANY WHICH HAD THERETOFORE BEEN USED OR DISCOVERED, AND WHICH WOULD BE OF GREAT PUBLIC UTILITY
Year: 1790

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
NIGHTINGALE, of Milk Street, in the Parish of Saint Mary Magdalen, Milk
Street, in the City of London, Calenderer, send grecting.
WHEREAS, I, the said Thomas Nightingale, did, by my Petition, humbly.
represent to His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, that
I had, after much trouble, labor, and expence, found out and invented "A
MACHINE FOR CALENDERING, GLAZING, AND DRESSING OF MUSLIN, CALLICOE, COTTON,
LINEN, WOOLLEN, SILKS, PAPER, GAUZE, MOHAIR, AND OTHER ARTICLES, IN A SUPERIOR
MANNER TO ANY WHICH HAD THERETOFORE BEEN USED OR DISCOVERED, AND WHICH
WOULD BE OF GREAT PUBLIC UTILITY;" therefore I most humbly prayed that His
Majesty would be graciously pleased to grant unto me, the said Thomas
Nightingale, my executors, adññiors, and assigns, His Majesty's Royal Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, for the sole use, benefit, and
advantage of my said Invention, within that part of His said Majesty's Kingdom
of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the term of fourteen years, according to the Statute
in that case made and provided, His said Majesty being willing to give en-
couragement to all arts and inventions which might be for the public good,
was graciously pleased to condescend to my request, and therefore, by His
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Sixteenth day of November, in the thirty-first year of Our
reign, of His especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, for Himself,

page_text: His heirs and successors, did give and grant unto me, the said Thomas
Nightingale, my executors, adññiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Thomas Nightingale, my
executors, adiñors, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves,
or by mine or their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the
said Thomas Nightingale, my executors, adññiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend my said Invention within that part of His said Majesty's
Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to me, the said Thomas Nightingale,
my executors, adiñiors, and assigns, or any of us, should in our discretion seem
meet; and that I, the said Thomas Nightingale, my executors, adñiors, and
assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, com-
modity, and advantage from time to time coming, growing, or accruing and
arising, by reason of the said Invention, for and during the term of years
therein mentioned; to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers,
privileges and advantages therein-before granted or mentioned to be
granted unto me, the said Thomas Nightingale, my executors, admors, and
assigns, for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years
from the date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing
and fully to be compleat and ended according to the Statute in such case made
and provided. In which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if I,
the said Thomas Nightingale, should not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar
month next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that
then the said Letters Patent and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted, should utterly cease; determine, and become void, anything
therein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding, as
in and by the said in part recited Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Nightingale, in compliance with
the said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and declare that the same is composed of the several particulars herein-after
expressed, and to be performed in manner following (that is to say):-
The machine is so constructed that the iron rollers move with much
greater velocity than the wooden roller, thereby creating a friction against
the wooden roller, which produces a high gloss; I also make use of a

page_text: cut or fluted iron roller for the operation of glazing, as is herein-after
explained. The method of doing the goods is as follows: for callendering or
dressing, the cloth or other goods need not to be waxed, only passed through
the machine (properly screwed down) the face or printed side next the iron
rollers; but for glazing, the cloth or goods must be first rubb'd with wax and
then passed thro' the fluted roller, first with the face or printed side next
the iron rollers. The iron rollers are made to move faster than the wooden
roller by means of wheels of different sizes being fixed upon the spindles of
each separate roller, and so regulated as to increase or decrease the friction as
may be wished, according to the size of the different wheels. The cut or fluted
roller for glazing must be made with great exactness, making a number of
edges or ridges upon the surface, of equal distances from each other, say half
an inch, more or less, and these ridges must be finely polished.
The machine, in all its parts, is fully described in the Plans or Drawings
hereto annexed, and the following referrences thereto :-
Figure 1. A front view of the machine. A, the frame and spur posts. B, the
setting screws, working in boxes fixed in the nuts or upper beams of the frame,
their points bearing on and being fixed to a plate or trevet, which is fastened
on the top of the sliding beds of the machine by screw bolts, and takes
the wooden roller up or down. C, the sliding beds of the machine, made to
move up or down in groves cut in the posts; in the centre of these beds are
brasses fixed to carry the wooden roller; these cannot be seen in this View, but
may in the section (Figure 5, Letter C). D, a side screw let into the sliding beds,
the points bearing against a plate on the sides of the brasses, to regulate the
wooden roller from bearing too hard upon the fluted iron roller; these screws.
may also be seen much plainer in section (Figure 5, Letter D). E, the fluted or
cut iron roller. F, the spindle of the plain iron roller, left long enough to fix
another wheel upon it, of any dimensions, to communicate with the horse wheel
or any other, to work the machine by; the machine may also be worked by either.
of the other wheels, or by various other modes, if care is taken to preserve the
friction against the wooden roller. G, a small wheel fixed in the end of the
plain iron roller, working into one of equal dimensions marked H, which is
fixed on the end of the fluted iron roller (note, by varying the size of these.
wheels, one iron roller may be made to move with greater velocity than the
other). The wheel G also works into another wheel of much larger dimensions;
marked I, which is fixed on one end of the carrying spindle. K, the carrying,
spindle, at the other end of which is fixed a small wheel, which cannot be
shewn in this View, but may be seen in (Figure 2, Letter F), and also in
the section (Figure 4, Letter F). L, a wheel fixed in a beam or plate; this
wheel is work'd by the small wheel at the end of the carrying spindle, and

page_text: works a larger wheel marked M, which is fixed upon the spindle of the
wooden roller; these two wheels may also be seen much plainer in (Figure 2,
Letters G and I), and in section (Figure 4, Letters G and K). N, the
wooden roller: O, the bottom beds of the machine. Figure 2, the back view
of the machine. A, the frame and spur posts. B, the setting screws. C,
he sliding beds. D, the carrying spindle conveying the motion from one end
of the machine to the other. E, the large wheel, which is worked by a small
one fixed upon the spindle of the plain iron roller, not shown in this View, but
is described and seen in (Figure 1, Letter G), and also in section (Figure 3,
Letter D). F, a small wheel in the other end of the carrying spindle, working
into another wheel fixed in a frame or plate marked H, fastened to the frame
of the machine; this wheel is marked G, and works into a much larger wheel
marked I, which is fixed upon the spindle of the wooden roller. K, the
wooden roller. L, the plain iron roller. M, the bottom beds of the machine.
Figure 3, a section of the end of the machine, next to the horse or other
purchase wheel to work it by. A, the frame with the spur post. B, the end
of the wooden roller. C, the end of the spindle of the plain iron roller. D,
a small wheel upon that, that spindle working into two others. E, the end of
the spindle of the fluted iron roller. F, a wheel thereon, which is worked
by wheel (D). G, the end of the carrying spindle. H, a wheel fixed upon it,
worked also by wheel (D). I, the sliding bed. K, the setting screw. L, the
bottom bed. Figure 4, a section of the other end of the machine. A, the
frame with the spur post. B, the end of the wooden roller, with a spindle
thro' the center, able to carry a large wheel. C, the end of the fluted iron
roller. D, the end of the plain iron roller. E, the end of the carrying
spindle. F, a small wheel fixed thereon, working into another wheel marked
G, which wheel works in a frame or plate fixed to the post and spur of the
frame of the machine, and is made to move in a grove higher or lower
according to the size of the wooden roller. H, the frame or plate to carry
wheel (G). I, the end of the spindle of the wooden roller. K, a large wheel
fixed thereon, and work'd by wheel G. (Note, the wooden roller may be worked
the same by wheel F, without wheel G, which is added on account of the wooden
roller being of different sizes). L, the setting screw. M, the sliding bed. N,
the bottom bed. Figure 5, a section of the inner side of one end of the frame.
A, the setting screw to bear upon the sliding bed that carries one end
of the wooden roller. B, the sliding bed. C, the brasses fixed in the centre
for the spindle of the wooden roller. D, the side screws for regulating the
wooden roller. E, the fixed bottom bed to carry one end of the iron roller.
F, brasses fixed for the iron rollers. G, the frame and spur posts.
H, a hole cut in the sliding bed to admit of a wrench to turn the side

page_text: screws. Figure 6, the wooden roller with a spindle thro' it, shewing the
gudgeons, and a square left to fix a large wheel upon. Figure 7, a
plain iron roller for callendering, glazing, or dressing, with a spindle, one
end left long enough to carry two wheels upon it. Figure 8, a cut or
fluted iron roller for glazing, with a spindle, and a square left at one end to
fix a wheel upon. There must be great care in casting, cutting, or grinding
this roller, to make a number of edges or ridges upon the surface equally
distant from each other (say half an inch, more or less), and these must be
finely polished and very true. Figure 9, a plain iron roller for callendering or
dressing, with a hollow cillinder for heaters, and a hole at the other end to
shove them out. Figure 10, the carrying spindle, with a square at each end
to fix wheels on, for callendering; the cut or fluted iron roller is not to be
used, but two plain iron rollers with hollow cillinders for heaters, as shewn in
section Figure 9.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth
day of December, in the thirty-first year of the reign of our Sovereign
Lord George the Third, by the grace of God of Great Britain, France,
and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, &c., and in the year of our
Lord One thousand seven hundred and ninety.
THO NIGHTINGALE. (L.S.)
Signed and sealed, (being first duly stampt),
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord 1790, the aforesaid Thomas Nightingale came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statutes made for that purpose.