Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Gas..
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 16th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 6th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Gas..
I, JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of 12, Hackins Hey, Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to the manufacture of gas, and particularly
illuminating gas; and under it gases are treated, and their illuminating power
raised, the volume at the same time being increased.
Under this invention, crude purified illuminating gas, or other gas of a relatively
low illuminating power, is passed through a retort or chamber artificially beated;
and tar, or tar and hydrocarbon oil, or oil only. is or are introduced into another
retort or chamber also artificially and externally heated, and gasified therein. The
gas or vapour produced in this retort or chamber, and the aforesaid crude or other
gas, are led and introduced into a separate chamber or retort, artificially and
externally heated, wherein both gases. (and vapours carried thereby) are heated,
and the non-permanent gases or vapours become more or less fixed or permanent.
From this chamber or retort the gases are carried downwards into a suitable
hydraulic or other main; and in their descent are cooled artificially, this being
done in a simple manner by surrounding the downtake pipe with a jacket and
providing cooling water in the space or circulating it round said pipe.
Thus the action, according to this invention, is:-Gas having certain illuminating
power,
which it is required to raise, is first heated; and tar, or tar and oil, or oil
only, is or are vaporized or distilled, and the resulting vapours and gases and the
former gas are mixed and heated, and more or less of the non-permanent gases or
vapours fixed or rendered permanent. After this, the gases are passed to the
hydraulic or other main in a downward direction, and are cooled in their descent,
by which the deposition of solid pitch or carbon is obviated, and the blocking of
outlet pipes prevented.
In one form of apparatus under this invention, I employ three retorts in the
treatment above described, one, two, or more sets of which-say for example two―
is or are arranged in a bench. Through one of these retorts-say the upper one-
the crude or purified gas (or water gas, or other gas as the case may be) is passed
and heated. The lower one, which in most cases will be of iron, has a flat bottom,
and is the tar and oil or tar or oil distilling retort; and it is provided at one end
with suitable device, or devices, for introducing one or other of the above liquids,
or both. This retort, in one arrangement, is the lowest of the three. The third
retort which say lies between the upper and the lower one, is connected with the
mouth pieces of the said other retorts at one end, whilst at its other, it has
connected to it the descending outlet artificially cooled pipe. Suitable doors are
provided (preferably at both ends) for gaining access to the interiors of the retorts.
The upper two retorts-in which gases or vapours only are treated-may be of
fire clay, whilst the lower one in which tar or oil, or both, is or are vaporized, is
of cast iron or steel, this metal being employed as the distillation of the liquid is
more readily effected by it, the carbon deposited therein is more easily removed.
The bottom of this retort should be inclined away from the end or point at which
the liquid is introduced, so as to cause a distribution of it over a considerable
heating and evaporative surface.
Accordingly as the gas to be treated and have its illuminating power raised is
poorer or richer in illuminative qualities, and according to the degree of illuminative
power to which it is desired to raise such gas, so may tar, or oil, or tar and oil, be

page_text: employed to effect this elevation of illuminative power, and with varying rates of
supply, and proportions, as the case may be.
It is to be stated that the invention is not strictly confined to the particular
arrangement and construction of parts herein moro particularly specified, as this
constitutes merely one example or arrangement under this invention, and is
specified as such to illustrate the same.
Dated this 15th day of March 1893.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Gas.
I, JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of 12, Hackins Hey, Liverpool; in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to the manufacture of gas, and particularly
illuminating gas, and under it gases are treated, and their illuminating power
raised, the volume at the same time being increased.
Under this invention, crude or purified illuminating gas, or other gas of a
relatively low illuminating power, is passed through a retort or chamber artificially
heated; and tar, or tar and hydrocarbon oil, or oil only, is or are introduced into
another retort or chamber also artificially and externally heated, and gasified
therein. The gas or vapour produced in this retort or chamber, and the aforesaid
crude or other gas, are led and introduced into a separate chamber or retort,
artificially and externally heated, wherein both gases (and vapours carried thereby)
are heated, and the non-permanent gases or vapours become more or less fixed or
permanent. From this chamber or retort the gases are carried downwards into a
suitable hydraulic or other main; and in their descent are cooled artificially, this
being done in a simple manner by surrounding the downtake pipe with a jacket and
providing cooling water in the space or circulating it round said pipe.
Thus the action, according to this invention, is-Gas having certain illuminating
power, which it is required to raise, is first heated; and tar, or tar and oil, or oil only,
is, or are vaporized or distilled, and the resulting vapours and gases and the former
gas are mixed and heated, and more or less of the non-permanent gases or vapours
fixed or rendered permanent. After this, the gases are passed to the hydraulic or
other main in a downward direction and are cooled in their descent, by which the
deposition of solid pitch or carbon is obviated, and the blocking of outlet pipes
prevented.
In one form of apparatus under this invention, I employ three retorts in the
treatment above described, one, two, or more sets of which-say for example two-
is or are arranged in a bench. Through one of these retorts-say the upper one
the crude or purified gas (or water gas, or other gas as the case may be) is passed
and heated. The lower one, which in most cases will be of iron, has a flat bottom,
and is the tar and oil distilling retort; and it is provided at one end with a suitable
device, or devices, for introducing one or other of the above liquids, or both. This
retort, in, one arrangement, is the lowest of the three. The third retort which say
lies between the upper and the lower one, is connected with, the mouth, pieces of the
said other retortsjat one end, whilst at, its other end, it has connected to it the
descending, outlet. artificially cooled pipe. Suitable doors are provided (preferably
at both ends) for gaiuing access to the interior of the retorts.
The upper two retorts-in which gases or vapours only are treated-may be of
fire clay, whilst the lower one in which tar or oil, or both, is or are. vaporized, is of
cast iron or steel, this metal being employed as the distillation of the liquid is more

page_text: readily effected by it, and carbon deposited therein is more easily removed. The
bottom of this retort should be inclined away from the end or point at which the
liquid is introduced, so as to cause a distribution of it over a considerable heating
and evaporative surface.
Accordingly as the gas to be treated and have its illuminating power raised is
poorer or richer in illuminative qualities, and according to the degree of illuminative-
power to which it is desired to raise gas, so may tar, or oil, or tar and oil, be
employed to effect this elevation of illuminative power, and with varying rates of
supply, and proportions, as the case may be.
The drawings hereto annexed illustrate one arrangement of apparatus operating
according to this invention.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the apparatus shewing two sets of same-
arranged in one bench or oven.
Figure 2 is a front end view of same; and Figure 3 is a view of the opposite.
end.
Referring to the drawings, a generally designates the bench or oven in which the
apparatus is erected, wherein, say in the central part thereof, a suitable furnace,
similar to those used in gas retort benches, (for heating the retorts), is disposed, and
by the heat of combustion.of the fuel burnt therein, the retorts hereinafter specified
are heated.
Two sets of apparatus are arranged in the bench or oven and each of the sets of
apparatus consists as follows:a is an upper retort into which crude or purified
gas, or gas coming from a gas making apparatus of a gas works is introduced, it
being led thereto by the pipe a. b is the lowest retort of each of the sets into
which tar (or analogous hydro-carbon) is introduced and'distilled; the tar or liquid
being introduced by the U-trap supply device b', the pipe of which is fixed in.
the door of Buch retort, and is carried in an inclined direction a certain distance into
the retort. c is the intermediate retort into which the gas from a, and the tar
gases or vapours from bare introduced; the former entering by way of the
mouth piece a and pipe a', and the mouth piece c'; and the latter entering it.
through the mouth piece b, pipe 64, and mouth piece c'. is the outlet mouth piece
of the retort e having a door thereon; and is an externally artificially cooled
(say by a circulation of water therethrough) outlet pipe, by which the gases are
conveyed away from the apparatus to an hydraulic main or other ontlet or conduit..
The retort b is preferably of iron or steel, and is inclined and preferably flat as
shewn so as to cause the tar (or analogous hydro-carbon) to distribute itself over.
the bottom thereof and thus to obtain a distributed and equalized distillation.
The upper retort a and central retort c may be, as shewn in the drawings,.
ordinary clay retorts, to which the mouth pieces are fixed in any known suitable way.
The door c' of the mouth piece shewn in the drawings is inclined, and when
removed, access can be had to both the interior of the retort c, and also the interior
of the water or otherwise artificially cooled outlet pipe d.
In operation, the crude gas as stated, is introduced by the pipe a' into the retort a
and passed through it; wherein it becomes heated, whilst the tar is introduced into
and distilled in the lower retort h, and both the hot tar vapours or gases, and the
het crude gases pass into the central retort c, and become therein further heated nud
mixed, under the comparatively high temperature thereof, namely, about a bright
red, or 1700 degrees Fah. In this condition and by this treatment the gases
resulting from the distillation of the tar are intermixed with the coal gas, and the
whole rendered permanent or fixed and homogeneous. The combined gases are
then conveyed to the bydraulic or other main through the artificially cooled outlet..
down pipe d, wherein they are cooled before entering such main.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what I
claim is :-
In the manufacture of gas, the employment in combination of three separate

page_text: retorts, one being adapted to receive and heat coal gas, another to distil tar, and
the third to receive, heat, and have mixed therein, and rendered permanent and
homogeneous, the said coal gas and product of distillation of the tar, said retorts
being set in a bench or oven and heated externally to about the temperature
specified; substantially as herein set forth, and as shewn in the drawings hereto
annexed.
Dated this 15th day of December 1893.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents,