IMPROVE- MENTS IN RUDDERS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierro Marie.
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Marie Fouque, Civil Engineer, Louis
Réné Hébert, and Vincent Etienne Doret le Marneur, of Paris,
in the Empire of France, and of No. 5, Laurence Pountney
Lane, Cannon Street, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RUDDERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierro Marie.
Fouque, Louis Réné Hébert, and Vincent Etienne Doret le
Marneur at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th December 1853.
We, PIERRE MARIE FOUQUE, Civil Engineer, Louis RÉNÉ HÉBERT,
& VINCENT ETIENNE DORET LE MARNEUR, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, & of No. 5, Laurence Pountney Lane, Cannon St., London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RUDDERS" to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in having a secondary rudder (which we call
fortune rudder) applied either to the side edges of the stern posts or
any other convenient part of the ships or vessels, which fortune rudder
is to come into action and supply the place of the ordinary rudder.
Whenever this latter should not be wanted to act, the same may, by

page_text: turning in suitable bearings, be laid against any convenient part of
the ship's outer, side, in such manner as not to impede the motion
of the ordinary rudder or the steering of the vessel. The said fortune
rudder may be made of wood, iron, or any other metal simply, or
covered with any suitable coating or varnish (to stand the action of
sea water), or of any suitable material, effecting sufficient strength,
lightness, and resistance, and be adapted in any convenient manner
which permits its turning freely and its fixing against the ship's sides
when not in actual use, as above explained, whereas, in case of necessity,
the same may serve for steering the vessel in lieu of the ordinary
rudder. One or more of these rudders may be applied to the same
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Pierre Marie Fouque, Louis Réné. Hébert,
and Vincent Etienne Doret le Marneur in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
PIERRE MARIE FOUQUE, Civil Engineer, LOUIS RENÉ HÉBERT, and
VINCENT ETIENNE DORET LE MARNEUR, of Paris, France, and 5, Laurence
Pountney Lane, Canon Street, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors;
give and grant unto us, the said Pierre Marie Fouque, Louis Réné
Hébert, and Vincent Etienne Doret le Marneur, Her special licence
that we, the said Pierre Marie Fouque, Louis Réné Hébert, and
Vincent Etienne Doret le Marneur, our executors, administrators, and
assigns,. or such, others as we, the said Pierre Mario Fouque, Louis
Réné Hébert, and Vincent Etienne Doret le Marneur, our executors,.
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and, no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and

page_text: vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RUDDERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Pierro
Marie Fouque, Louis Réné Hébert, and Vincent Etienne Doret le
Marneur, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tiou, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and causo
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Pierre Marie Fouque, Louis
Réné Hébert, and Vincent Etienne Doret le Marneur, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
We have obtained Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-
first day of October, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, for a
fortune rudder in bronze; before entering into the description of this
our subsequent Patent, we would remark that the application is similar,
and wo therefore deem it necessary to give the same Drawings and
description as we have to our above mentioned former Patent, which is
as follows:-
Fig. 1 shews a side view of the stern of a vessel to which our said
Invention has been applied. Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, represent detached
parts of the Invention. In these various Figures the corresponding
parts are indicated by the same letters of reference. Fig. 1, A, repre-
sents the ordinary wooden rudder, in the way the same is usually fixed
to the stern posts of vessels, and the different parts of which we havo
not to explain, the effects marked on the plan C, E, G, and in Fig. 2,
Hand P. Fig. 1, B, represents the fortune rudder; D, the rudder
head of the same rudder; F, the pintles. Fig. 2, I, the lateral aperture
of the angle of rudder bands or straps on the stern post. Fig. 1, L, a
bolt for the purpose of keeping the fortune rudder against the dead
wood. Fig. 8, M, cap and screw bolt to hold the tiller in its position
when in use. N, Fig. 3, bonnet on rudder head receiving the tiller
into a socket when in use. Fig. 4, O, the eye bolt screwed into the

page_text: dead wood for holding the lower extremity of the bolt L, when the
rudder is not in use. Fig. 2, P, the rudder band with the two openings
for the pintles. Figs. 1 and 6, Q, guide for the retaining bolt of the
fortune rudder. Fig. 5, R, collar of the tiller of the fortune rudder
fitted with six pullies for the tiller ropes marked S, Fig. 5. Fig. 1, T,
wooden sheathing of sufficient thickness to lie flush with the fortune
rudder when not in use, so as to prevent the resistance of the water on
the edge of the rudder when the vessel is in motion, and sweetening
away to nothing at a short distance from that edge. The fortune
rudder B, when not in use is laid against tho dead wood at the lower
part of the ship's run, and it is hung by its pintles in the lateral aperture
in the rudder bands of the ordinary rudder A, but we reserve to
ourselves the right of making the lateral aperturo I, and the pintles F,
distinct from the rudder A, then by the bolt I, the under part is held
in the eye bolt O. This eye bolt passes through an opening in tho
lower part of the fortune rudder B, and projects sufficiently to allow
the bolt I, to pass through the eye of the eye bolt O, so that the
fortune rudder, being placed against the dead wood of the vessel, it is
firmly secured in a proper position, and the upper extremity of the bolt
L passes through the deck close to the rudder head D. The way in
which the fortune rudder will act is as follows:-If by any accident the.
common rudder should be carried away, unshipped, destroyed, or
damaged, and removed, the bolt L is raised or unshipped from the cyo
bolt O, and the fortune rudder is set at liberty and at once brought into
action; the tiller is then fixed to the rudder head D, by lifting the cap
M, inserting the tiller, bringing down the cap, and securing all by the
screw bolt through the centro of the cap M, and the bonnet N; the
collar R, is then applied to the end of the tiller, and the tackle rove
through the sheaves, and the fortune rudder will then be as casily used
and efficacious as an ordinary rudder.
Having thus described the plau and application of our former
Invention, we have to state that our improvements sought to be
protected under this Patent are as follow:-
This Invention is an improvement and extension of our said former
Invention, and we now specify that the improved rudder, called in that.

page_text: Patent a fortune rudder, may be applied not only to any part of the
stern, as in our former Specification mentioned, but to any part of the
exterior of the vessel, and that the same may be applied to both
larboard and starboard of the stern or on both sides of the sanie vessel,
and both at the stem and stern of the same vessel, and that the same
may
be constructed not only in bronze but in or of wood or iron, or
any metal or other substance or material, or combination of materials,
of sufficient strength and lightness for the purpose, and that when such
improved rudders are placed on both sides of the vessel, or at the stern
of the vessel, they may be used instead of the ordinary rudder, and that
vessels fitted with the improved rudder at each side, or at the stem or
stern with one or two of such rudders, need not be constructed with any
ordinary rudder at all; one of the advantages of this latter application
is, that both rudders, or the single rudder, may be closed and confined
immoveably to the sides or dead wood of the vessel whilst she lies at
anchor or in dock. We therefore claim the construction of the improved
or fortune rudders, for the application of them to any part of the exterior
of the vessel, and to be made of wood or iron, or any other metal or
material, or combination of materials, of sufficient strength and lightness
for the purpose simply, or covered with any suitable coating or
varnish.
In witness whereof, we, the said Pierre Marie Fouque, Louis
Réné Hébert, and Vincent Etienne Doret le Marneur, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
PIERRE MARIE FOUQUE.
LOUIS RENÉ HEBERT.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
(L.S.) VINCENT ETIENNE DORET LE MARNEUR.
Vitness,
ABRAHAM GERARD BRADE.