being Applicable as Pumps or Exhausters.TUATED BY FLUID PRESSURE THE SAME
Year: 1885

page_text: being Applicable as Pumps or Exhausters.
I, GEORGE THOMAS BEILBY, of St. Kitts, Slateford, in the County of Midlothian,
North Britain, Chemical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said invention
for MOTIVE POWER ENGINES ACTUATED BY FLUID PRESSURE THE SAME BEING
APPLICABLE AS PUMPS OR EXHAUSTERS to be as follows:-
This invention consists of means or apparatus to replace the ordinary cylinder
and piston of steam, air, gas or water engines or of air, gas or fluid pumps or
exhausters.
The means or apparatus constituting this Invention is a bellows-like structure
built of steel or other elastic plates. In one form of the apparatus steel disks-
each having a hole of suitable size cut in the centre-are joined by rivetting,
welding or otherwise-in pairs as follows, Numbers 1, and 2, 3, and 4, 5, and 6,
and so on, are united round their outer edges, Numbers 2, and 3, 4, and 5, 6 and 7,
and so on-are united by the edges of their central holes. The first mentioned
pairs 1, and 2, 3, and 4, and so on constitute cells which expand when fluid under
pressure is passed into them, but which return to their original dimensions when
the pressure is withdrawn.
The disks and cells are so constructed by means of ribs, corrugations or the like,
as to confine the expansion as much as possible to one direction, namely, along the
axis perpendicular to the plane of the cell.
Certain limits to this expansion are imposed by the relative area, thickness and
stiffness of the disks and by the limits of elasticity of the material employed. These
factors are in their turn influenced by the pressure and temperature to which the
apparatus is subjected.
By using a sufficient number of cells built up in the manner described, an
apparatus giving any required expansion or "length of stroke" may be obtained.
The rectilineal motion so obtained is utilized in the ordinary well-known ways.
The apparatus as described corresponds with a single acting cylinder, but it may
be made double acting by placing it within a closed vessel into which the fluid
under pressure may be admitted so as to act on the outside of the cell walls or
disks causing them to collapse. By alternate admission of fluid under pressure to
the inside and to the outside of the cells, the counterpart of a double acting cylinder
D

page_text: is obtained, or the double acting arrangement may be obtained by using either a
pair of the single acting apparatus or by using two or more pairs of such single
acting apparatus.
•
It is obvious that this apparatus may be used in place of the ordinary cylinder
and piston in most kinds of pumps or exhausters.
J. H. JOHNSON, DAY & JOHNSON,
Petitioner's Agents,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.
Motive Power Engines Actuated by Fluid Pressure, the same
being Applicable as Pumps or Exhausters.
I, GEORGE THOMAS BEILBY of St. Kitts Slateford in the County of Midlothian,
North Britain, Chemical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
for MOTIVE POWER ENGINES ACTUATED BY FLUID PRESSURE THE SAME BEING
APPLICABLE AS PUMPS OR EXHAUSTERS and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention consists of means or apparatus to replace the ordinary cylinder
and piston of steam, air, gas or water engines or of air, gas or fluid pumps or
exhausters.
The means or apparatus constituting my Invention is a bellows-like structure
built of steel or other elastic plates. In one form of the apparatus, steel disks each
having a hole of suitable size cut in the centre are joined by rivetting, welding or
otherwise in pairs, and in the manner hereinafter described. These plates constitute
elastic cells which expand when fluid under pressure is passed into them, but which
return to their original dimensions when the pressure is withdrawn.
The disks and cells are so constructed by means of ribs, corrugations, chequers,
or the like, as to permit of the maximum expansion along the axis perpendicular
to the plane of the cell.
Certain limits to this expansion are imposed by the relative area, thickness and
stiffness of the disks and by the limits of elasticity of the material employed.
These factors are in their turn influenced by the pressure and temperature to which
the apparatus is subjected.
By using a sufficient number of cells built up in the manner described, an
apparatus giving any required expansion or "length of stroke" may be obtained.
The rectilineal motion so obtained is utilized in the ordinary well-known ways.

page_text: The apparatus as described corresponds with the cylinder and piston of an ordinary
single acting engine, but it may be made double acting by placing it within a closed
vessel into which the fluid under pressure may be admitted so as to act on the
outside of the cell walls or disks causing them to collapse. By alternate admission
of fluid under pressure to the inside and to the outside of the cells, the counterpart
of the cylinder of a double acting engine is obtained, or the double acting arrangement
may be obtained by using either a pair of the single acting apparatus or by using
two or more pairs of such single acting apparatus.
It is obvious that this apparatus may be used in place of the ordinary cylinder
and piston in most kinds of pumps or exhausters.
In order that my said Invention may be properly understood and readily carried
into effect, I will now proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1, is a diagrammatic sectional view of a portion of a motive power engine
constructed according to my present Invention and when in its normal position,
that is to say before steam or other motive agent is admitted thereinto.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3, is a view corresponding to that represented at Figure 1, after the said
part of the engine has been expanded by the admission of steam under pressure or
other motive agent, thereinto.
Figure 4 is a plan of the same.
The means or apparatus constituting my present Invention consists of a bellows.
like structure built up of steel or other elastic plates. In one form of the apparatus,
these disks, which are numbered upon the annexed drawings from 1 to 20 (inclusive)
and each having a hole of suitable size cut in the centre, are joined by rivetting,
welding or otherwise, in pairs as follows:-Numbers 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6 and
so on, are united round their outer edges as represented at a, Numbers 2 and 3,
4 and 5, 6 and 7, and so on are united by the edges of their central holes as repre-
sented at b. The pairs of disks respectively marked 1 and 2, 3 and 4 and so on,
constitute cells which, in the manner indicated at Figure 3, of the annexed drawings,
expand when fluid under pressure is passed into them through the inlet c, or its
equivalent, but which cells return to their original position as indicated at Figure 1,
after the pressure is withdrawn.
The disks 1 to 20 (inclusive) and clastic cells constituted thereby, are so con-
structed with ribs, corrugations, chequers or the like (not represented upon the
annexed drawings) as to permit of the maximum expansion along the axis perpen-
dicular to the plane of such cells. These cells are not necessarily circular, their
outline may be modified to suit the system of corrugations adopted.
Certain limits to this expansion are imposed by the relative area, thickness and
stiffness of the disks marked 1 to 20 and by the limits of elasticity of the material
employed. These factors are in their turn influenced by the pressure and tem-
perature to which the apparatus is subjected. The cell walls 1, 2, 3, & in place of
being formed of a single comparatively thick plate as represented at Figures 1 and 3
may be built up of several plies or layers of thin plate.
By using a sufficient number of clastic cells built up in the manner herein before
described, an apparatus giving any required expansion or length of stroke may be
obtained. The rectilineal motion so obtained is communicated to the rod d, or its
equivalent and from this, the said motion is utilized in the ordinary well-known
ways.
The apparatus as herein before described corresponds with the cylinder and piston
of an ordinary single acting engine, but it may be made double acting by placing
it within an enclosed vessel into which the fluid under pressure may be admitted
so as to act on the outside of the cell walls or disks causing them to collapse. By
alternate admission of fluid under pressure to the inside and to the outside of the
cells, the counterpart of the cylinder of a double-acting engine is obtained, or the
double acting arrangement may be obtained by using either a pair of the single
acting apparatus or by using two or more pairs of such single acting apparatus,

page_text: The apparatus hereinbefore described may be used in the construction of engines
for the conversion of heat into motion or for the transmission of energy as in the
driving of machinery at a distance, by compressed air or water. Applications under
the latter class are the actuation of railway and other analogous brakes and in the
pneumatic action of organs. A further set of applications is to gas and other fluid
pumps under which applications the rod d, is operated longitudinally from any
outside motor, in a manner the reverse to that hereinbefore described with reference
to its operation as a motive power engine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained. the nature of my said.
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what
I claim is
First. Single or double acting motive power engines constructed of elastic cells,
the walls of which are formed of plates of sheet steel or of its equivalent in one or
two plies or layers, and which cells being connected together at their centres, upon
the admission of steam under pressure or other motive agent thereinto, expand, and
return to their normal positions after such pressure is withdrawn all substantially
as and operating in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to the annexed
drawings.
Second. The apparatus claimed in the preceding claiming clause for pumping
gases or liquids all substantially as and operating in the manner herein before set
forth with reference to the annexed drawings.