IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES."
Year: 1881

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to William Rhodes Seaton, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Commission Agent, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said. William Rhodes Seaton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1881.
WILLIAM RHODES SEATON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,. Com-
mission Agent.
tr IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES."
This Invention relates to the front ends of the covers and the front ends of the
ribs of umbrellas and sunshades, and consists in the construction and employment
of studs, clips, or eyelets for fastening the front ends of the covers to the front
ends of the ribs more effectually and economically than by the present mode of
stitching or sewing, the studs, clips, or eyelets being made of any suitable metal,
alloy, material, or compound, and of any desired shape or design.
In one arrangement I use for each rib a stud, having at the back a shank for
entering a hole in the rib, and also two plain, rough, or toothed surfaces for holding
the end of the cover, so than when the shank is passed through the hole in the rib
and the end of the cover placed between the surfaces of the stud, and the parts
pressed or squeezed tightly together, the end of the cover is held to the rib so
firmly that the fibre would be more easily broken than be altogether detached;
and instead of having only one shank for the stud I may use two or more and
make corresponding holes in the rib.
In another arrangement I form a stud, having at the back one or more shanks
or pins which pierce through the end of the cover, and then into one or more
corresponding holes in the rib, the part of the stud nearest the end of the rib being
bent under to catch and grip the cover, and the inside of the stud left rough, or
smooth, or hollow, or flat, as desired.
In another modification I use a plain, rough, or toothed surface on the rib itself,

page_text: and employ a one surfaced stud 'which holds the cloth or cover when placed
between the surface and the rib, and the parts pressed tightly together.
Or I use a round or other shaped eyelet which is passed through the cover and
through a hole in the rib and afterwards pressed tightly together; and when
desired I cause the stud first described to be forged on the rib at the time of its
manufacture by any well known machinery or apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Rhodes Seaton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th October 1881.
WILLIAM RHODES SEATON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Com-
mission Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES."
My Invention relates to the front ends of the covers and the front ends of the
ribs of umbrellas and sunshades, and consists in the construction and employment
of studs or clips for fastening the front ends of the covers to the front ends of the
ribs more effectually and completely than by the present mode of stitching or
sewing, the studs or clips being made of any suitable metal, alloy, material, or
compound, and of any desired shape or design. In one arrangement, shewn in
Figs. 1 and 2, I use for each rib a stud, having at the back a shank marked a for
entering a hole in the rib, and also two plain, rough, or toothed plates or surfaces b
for holding the end of the cover, so that when the shank is passed through the
hole in the rib, and the end of the cover placed between the surfaces of the stud,
and the parts pressed or squeezed tightly together, the end of the cover is held to
the rib so firmly that the fibre would be more easily broken than be altogether
detached. Or instead of having only one shank for the stud, I may use two or
more, and make corresponding holes in the rib.
In another arrangement, shewn in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, I employ for each rib a
clip c for holding the end of the cover, and a split pin d for fastening the stud and
cover to the rib, and when the end of the cover is placed in the clip and the pin
passed through the clip and cover, and afterwards opened out and the parts
strongly squeezed or pressed, the clip and cover will be firmly held to the rib, and
instead of a split pin a solid one may be used.
When desired I cause the stud, shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, to be forged on the rib
at the time of manufacture by any suitable or well known machinery or apparatus,
and one or more pins or catches may be formed on the rib or passed through the
rib from the opposite side and then into the stud, the cover being put between and
pressed together; and I may here remark that the words shank, pin, or catch means
the part or section by which each stud is secured, the part or section being solid or
hollow, rough or smooth, single or double, and of any required shape.

page_text: In another arrangement I use a plain, rough, or toothed surface on the rib itself,
and employ a one surfaced stud, either plain, rough, or toothed, and having one or
more shanks or pins for entering corresponding holes in the rib. Or one or more
holes may be formed in the stud to receive one or more pins or catches, either
formed on the rib or passed through suitable holes from the back of the rib; but in
either case when the cover is placed between the surfaces and the rib, and parts
forcibly pressed, the cover will be found to be firmly attached to the rib.
I may here remark that I do not confine myself to any special shape or design
of umbrella or sunshade, and I wish it to be understood that my said Invention
must be considered to stand separate and distinct from any shape or design of the
rib or ribs, or any other sections or parts which are used or may be used in the
construction of umbrellas or sunshades of any style or fashion.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, I desire
it to be understood that in the construction of umbrellas and sunshades I claim
the improved modes of fastening the covers to the ribs, as herein described and
illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Rhodes Seaton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty-one,
Witness,
CHAS. W. COLLINS,
Manchester.
WILLIAM RHODES SEATON. (L.S.)