IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CARBONATING LIQUIDS OR SEMI-FLUIDS
Year: 1884

page_text: I FREDERICK GEORGE RILEY of Effra Works, Langley Lane, Vauxhall in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CARBONATING LIQUIDS OR SEMI-FLUIDS to be
as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to an improved apparatus whereby liquids or semi-fluids
may be charged with carbonic acid gas in a simple and effectual manner. The
apparatus may be made in small sizes for domestic use and in larger sizes for
manufacturing purposes.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to the carbonating of liquids for domestic
use I employ a vessel of glass or other suitable material in which I place the liquid
to be operated on. The mouth piece of this vessel is provided with a metal
mounting having on its exterior a screw thread or bayonet-joint for securing
a cover, and on its inner edge a collar for supporting an inner receptacle of china
glass, vulcanite, or other suitable material This receptacle descends into the liquid
and is provided with a central tube extending throughout its length, such tube
being intended to allow a passage for the draw-off tube hereinafter referred to, and
also to conduct the gas generated into the surrounding liquid below. I place in the
inner receptacle suitable acids and carbonates in a pulverulent condition or other
dry form. then introduce another vessel of metal or other suitable material
which rests on the inner receptacle and descends down within it portion of its
length, and is provided at the bottom with one or more small holes. This vessel
I fill with water and then secure the cover, which has a valve communicating with
the bottom of the main vessel by means of the draw-off tube and also an outlet for
the carbonated liquid.
The action of the apparatus is as follows viz:-
The water in the inner vessel gradually descending on the powders or dry
material in the inner receptacle, the same are dissolved and carbonic acid gas is
slowly evolved. This gas ascends to the top of the inner receptacle and descending
down the central tube into the liquid and thence rising through it becomes
absorbed

page_text: During this operation the main vessel may be occasionally agitated without risk
of any residual or bye-products becoming mixed with the liquid under treatment.
In the larger class of apparatus I employ by preference commercial sulphuric acid
in the inner vessel, and in lieu of the mixed powders I use in the inner receptacle
carbonates either in solution or in a dry form. The inner vessel may be pro-
vided with a syphon tube so arranged that the act of placing the vessel in the
apparatus has the effect by throwing it out of the perpendicular of starting the
syphon which discharges the acid slowly on to the carbonates; or the inner vessel
may be provided with small perforations at its bottom as in the arrangement first
herein before described for slowly discharging its contents on to the carbonates. The
main vessel may be mounted on trunnions or rockers or may be provided with
agitator paddles operated from the exterior. The draw-off corks may be placed
either at the side or at the bottom so as to entirely empty the main vessel the
central draw-off tube being in this case dispensed with.
It will be seen that in the apparatus hereinbefore described the gas-producing
vessel is surrounded by the liquid or semi-fluid to be carbonated, contained in
a main vessel closed by a single joint; but it is obvious that the gas-producing
vessel may be placed at the exterior of the main vessel and separately closed, the
gas being conducted by means of a pipe to the bottom of the liquid or semi-fluid in
the main vessel, to be operated on.
It is also obvious that I may employ acid in a liquid form in 'the smaller class of
apparatus, and in a dry condition in the larger class of apparatus the relative
arrangement of the ingredients being comparatively immaterial..
In the operation of carbonating materials in a semi-fluid or pasty condition, it is
advantageous to employ a mixer consisting of propeller blades, the turning of which
in one direction effects the mixing whilst their motion in the opposite direction
causes them to free themselves from the material.
When I make the inain vessels of glass in order to prevent danger in bursting,
I cover or encase them in a sheath of net-work secured at each end by means of an
elastic ring so as to enable it to be removed for cleaning.
Dated this 2nd day of September 1884.

page_text: I FREDERICK GEORGE RILEY of Effra Works, Langley Lane, Vauxhall in the
County of Surrey, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CARBONATING LIQUIDS OR SEMI-FLUIDS
.. and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My Invention relates to an improved apparatus whereby liquids or semi-fluids
may be charged with carbonic acid gas in a simple and effectual manner, and has
reference chiefly to the employment of a self contained removable receptacle for the
acid and Carbonate or ingredients from which carbonic acid gas is produced. The
evolution of the gas is effected separately from and independently of the liquid or
semi-fluid to be carbonated, and the carbonic acid gas as it is evolved is conducted
down to or near the bottom of the liquid or semi-fluid to be carbonated in order to
ensure, the complete absorption of the gas by such liquid or semi-fluid. The main
vessel containing the liquid or semi-fluid to be carbonated and the gas producing
receptacle or that containing the acid and carbonate or ingredients from which
carbonic acid gas is produced may be either both closed by one and the same cover
or with a single joint, or the gas producing receptacle may be placed at the exterior
of the main vessel and separately closed. I may employ in the gas producing
receptacle an inner vessel provided with small holes or with a syphon tube for the
discharge of a liquid ingredient in order to effect the evolution of the gas.
I also secure an immunity from danger from the bursting of the main vessels of
carbonating apparatus, that is to say the vessels containing the liquid or semi-fluid
to be carbonated, when such vessels are composed of glass or like fragile material
by covering or encasing the same in a removable sheath of net work.
The Invention also embraces other modifications or improvements in the details
of parts of the combinations constituting apparatus for carbonating liquids or semi-
fluids all as hereinafter more fully described.
And in order that the said Invention may be perfectly understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose aball refer to
the several figures on the accompanying sheets of drawings the same letters of
reference indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 (sheet 1) of the accompanying drawings represents a vertical section of
an apparatus constructed according to my Invention and intended more particularly
for domestic use. Figure 2 is a plan of a portion of the same, Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6
are details hereinafter referred to. Figure 7 (sheet 2) represents a vertical section
of a similar apparatus adapted for operating on a larger scale. Figure 8 is a hori-
zontal section of a portion of the same. Figure 9 is a sectional detail of the inner
vessel hereinafter referred to. Figures 10, 11 and 12 illustrate a modification of
the inner vessel, Figures 10 and 11 being sections at right angles to each other
and Figure 12 a plan of the same. Figure 13 (sheet 3) represents in longitudinal

page_text: vertical section another modification of apparatus constructed according to my said
Invention and Figure 14 is a plan of the same.
Referring to Figures 1 to 6 (sheet 1) which illustrate an apparatus intended more
particularly for carbonating liquids for domestic use, A is a vessel of glass or other
suitable material in which I place the liquid to be operated on. The mouth piece a
of this vessel is provided with a metal mounting b having on its exterior a screw
thread c or bayonet joint for securing a cover d, and on its inner edge a collar or
shoulder e for supporting an inner receptacle B of china glass, vulcanite or other
suitable material. In the example shewn in the drawings a drip cup ƒ is employed
in combination with the cover d the cover proper being secured in its place by the
act of screwing down the drip cup, and thus forcing the cover into intimate contact
with a washer g which is interposed between the cover on one hand and the
mounting b and inner receptacle B on the other hand. The receptacle B descends
into the liquid and is provided with a central tube C (see detail Figures 5 and 6)
extending throughout its length, such tube being intended to allow a passage for
the draw-off tube D hereinafter referred to and also to conduct the gas generated
into the surrounding liquid below.
The inner receptacle B is intended for the reception of the acid and carbonate
say for example tartaric acid and bicarbonate of soda or other suitable acid and
carbonate or ingredients from which the carbonic acid gas is to be produced. The
relative arrangement of the ingredients is comparatively immaterial; henco both
the acid and carbonate may be in a dry form or in a state of solution, or either may
be in a dry form and the other in a state of solution. When I use the acid and
carbonate in a pulverulent condition or other dry form, I place the same in the
inner receptacle, I then introduce another vessel of metal or other suitable material
which rests on the inner receptacle and descends down within it
portion of its
length and is provided at the bottom with one or more small holes. A vessel of
this description is shewn at E in Figures 7, 8 and 9 to be presently described in
connection with the modification of apparatus adapted for operating on a larger
scale, hh being the small holes in the bottom of the vessel.
This vessel E when used in the apparatus Figure 1 I fill with water, and then
secure the cover d; the water then gradually descending through the small holes
on the powders or dry material in the inner receptacle B, the same are dissolved
and carbonic acid gas is slowly evolved.
I prefer, however, to employ in the apparatus Figure 1 as an equivalent for the
vessel E a tray E¹ (shewn in detail in plan and section in Figures 3 and 4 respec-
tively) for the reception of the acid in the condition of crystals, the carbonate being
in this case employed in solution in the inner receptacle B. In the example illus-
trated the tray is provided with wires or springs which normally grip the
central tube C, but are separated by the act of closing the cover whereby the tray
carrying the crystals is precipitated to the bottom of the inner receptacle B (as
shewn by dotted lines in Figure 1) into the carbonate in solution and carbonic acid
gas is slowly evolved.
The gas as it is liberated ascends to the top of the inner receptacle B and
descending down the central tube C into the liquid in the main vessel A and thence
rising through it becomes absorbed.
During this operation the main vessel A may be occasionally agitated without
risk of any residual or bye products becoming mixed with the liquid under
treatment.
The carbonated liquid drawn off through the tube D is discharged through the
outlet which is controlled by a valve opened by hand.
Figures 7, 8 and 9 (sheet 2) represent an apparatus adapted for operating on a
larger scale. Its construction is precisely similar in principle, the details only
being varied to suit the increased size of the apparatus For example, the main
vessel A which may be composed of metal directly supports the inner receptacle B
and carries the screw thread c for the screw by which the cover d is secured.
The tube C which conducts the gas as it is generated to the bottom of the main

page_text: vessel A in lieu of being within is arranged outside of the inner receptacle B and
the draw off tube D is placed at the side of the vessel and terminates in the side
outlet controlled by a valve l, or the outlet may be at the bottom and the draw-
off tube be dispensed with.
The inner vessel E is supported by pins m in the inner receptacle B and is
provided with small holes in its bottom as herein before explained.
In this larger class of apparatus I employ by preference commercial sulphuric
acid in the inner vessel E, and carbonate either in solution or in a dry form in the
inner receptacle B. The acid is slowly discharged on to the carbonate through the
small holes h h and carbonic acid gas is liberated. Or the inner vessel E may bo
provided with a syphon tube h' (see details Figures 10, 11, and 12) so arranged
that by the act of tilting the apparatus, the vessel E is thrown out of the perpen-
dicular, or this result may be accomplished by the act of placing the vessel E in
the apparatus, the effect in either case being to start the syphon which discharges
the acid slowly on to the carbonate.
The vessel A may be mounted on trunuions or rockers an example of which
arrangement is shewn at n n applied to the modification illustrated in Figures 13
and 14 to be presently described. In Figure 7 I have represented the vessel as
supported on springs F which will admit of the necessary rocking motion I may
also provide the vessel with agitator paddles operated from the exterior as will be
well understood.
It will be seen that in the apparatus herein before described the gas producing
vessel is surrounded by the liquid or semi fluid to be carbonated, contained in a
main vessel closed by a single joint, but it is obvious that the gas producing vessel
may be placed at the exterior of the main vessel and separately closed the gas being
conducted by means of a pipe to the bottom of the liquid or semi-fluid in the main
vessel to be operated on.
This modification is illustrated in Figures 13 and 14 (sheet 3) of the drawings
in which the inner receptacle B is arranged outside of the main vessel A and com-
municates therewith through the hollow trunnion n', a pipe being if desired attached
over the orifice o debouching at its other extremity at the bottom of the vessel A.
These figures also represent a mixer the employment of which is advantageous
in the operation of carbonating materials in a semi-fluid or pasty condition. It
consists of blades p p carried by a shaft m¹ extending across the vessel A and
formed on or attached thereto so as to turn with the same. The material to be
carbonated is introduced at q and the carbonic acid gas being admitted, the vessel
is rocked turning on its trunnions n n¹ by the aid of the handle r so as to cause
the blades to move through the lower half of the vessel whereby the mixing is
effected, after which the vessel is turned so as to bring the opening 9 at the bottom
for the discharge of the material when the blades p p being carried up between the
stationary blades p¹ p¹ will be caused to free themselves from the material to be
carbonated.
Although I have described as an important feature of my Invention rendering
the operation of liberating the carbonic acid gas entirely separate from and
independent of the liquid or semi-fluid to be carbonated, yet it should be understood
that whilst retaining the principle of the removable gas producing receptacle which
enables the residual products to be readily discharged, I may effect the evolution
of the gas by causing (by tilting the vessel A or otherwise) a portion of the liquid
or semi-fluid to be carbonated to pass from the vessel A into the inner receptacle B
and there mix with the acid and carbonate in a dry form therein, but I prefer the
arrangements particularly herein before described in which the gas producing
receptacle is wholly self contained the operation of liberating the gas being carried
out in the receptacle B without any communication with the vessel A.
When I make the main vessels of carbonating apparatus of glass or similar
fragile material I cover or encase them in a sheath of net work in order to prevent
danger in bursting. This net work is secured at each end by means of an elastic
ring so as to enable it to be removed for cleaning.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st In apparatus for carbonating liquids or semi-fluids, the employment for
containing the acid and carbonate or ingredients from which the carbonic acid gas
is produced, of a vessel capable of being removed from the apparatus so as to
enable the residual products to be readily discharged, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2nd In apparatus for carbonating liquids or semi-fluids, the employment of a
self contained removable receptacle for the acid and carbonate or ingredients from
which carbonic acid gas is produced, the evolution of the gas being effected
separately from and independently of the liquid or semi-fluid to be carbonated,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
3rd Constructing apparatus for carbonating liquids or semi-fluids so that the
carbonic acid gas as it is evolved shall be conducted down to or near the bottom of
the liquid or semi-fluid to be carbonated, in order to ensure the complete absorption
of the gas by such liquid or semi-fluid, substantially as herein before described.
4th An apparatus for carbonating liquids or semi-fluids in which the vessel
containing the liquid or semi fluid to be carbonated and the receptacle for the acid
and carbonate or ingredients from which carbonic acid gas is produced are both
closed by one and the same cover or with a single joint, substantially as herein-
before described.
5th The combination with the inner or gas producing receptacle, of an inner
vessel provided with small holes or with a syphon tube, substantially as and for
the purpose herein before described.
6th In apparatus for carbonating liquids or semi-fluids, covering or encasing the
vessels containing the liquid or semi-fluid to be carbonated in a removable sheath
of net work, substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
7th The general constructions arrangements and combinations of parts consti-
tuting apparatus for carbonating liquids or semi-fluids substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 Figures 7, 8 and 9,
Figures 7, 8, 10, 11, and 12, and Figures 13 and 14 of the accompanying drawings:
Dated this 2nd day of June 1885.