IMPROVE- MENTS IN SIZING OR GUMMING WARP AND WEFT THREADS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SIZING OR GUMMING WARP AND WEFT THREADS."-A communi-
cation from abroad by Stanislas Vigoureux, of Paris, France.
Sealed the 7th January 1864, and dated the 13th July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th July 1863.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING OR GUMMING WARP AND WEFT THREADS," to be as
follows:-
In the manufacture of stuffs there are many, according to the character to
be imparted to them, which require to be supple and spongy, and for various
reasons, as, for instance, the exigencies and caprice of the weavers; again, in
order to facilitate the introduction of colors in printing or dying. To obtain
the various kinds of this category of fabrics it becomes necessary to use
more highly twisted threads; in certain particular kinds, if it were possible,.
threads without twist would be used, simply felted or united by any other
means. With such threads the numbers require to be considerably under

page_text: spun (sous filés), and even then the shocks the threads are subjected to in the
loom render their manufacture into fabrics difficult. From the thread being
under spun, the cost for the same quantity of matter which has produced it is
higher with regard to the length; in some cases a difference up to 25 per
cent. arises. To give an instance, I take, for example, a weft which serves to
produce the of the crossings of merino in a power loom. Before the
weaving of merino by power it was easy to use by hand for weft a quality
of wool corresponding to No. 63,000; the thread being but slightly twisted
in spinning, the drawing to this number was easily effected without con-
siderable waste. For power weaving, on the contrary, it is necessary to twist
the thread sufficiently to enable it to resist the shocks it is subjected to by the
machinery, the same number of thread therefore cannot be used unless it be
of a quality of wool corresponding to about the No. 80,000; the thread
being also necessarily more twisted, the goods produced are not always found
preferable. If the regularity of power weaving over hand weaving did not
assist in causing the sale of the goods, hand loom merino would be preferred.
From the thread being but slightly twisted, the crossing or mill is fuller, and
gives to the eye the appearance of a greater number, besides, as relates to
dyeing, the dye penetrates better; again, the thread being less twisted, a
greater brilliancy is left on the fabric. From this introduction I have been
desirous of demonstrating a fact which is known, that thread slightly twisted
is spun from the same quantity of matter to a higher number, leaves more
brilliancy on the fabric, yields thicker and more spongy fabrics, and if for the
manufacture of certain fabrics other descriptions of thread are used, it is
simply on account of the difficulty of weaving these slighty twisted threads.
From studying these difficulties it has been found that the thread slightly
twisted, and exceptionally that without twist, separates or breaks only because
the filaments composing it are not sufficiently united to prevent them sliding
over each other.
The present Invention consists in sizing or gumming the thread or filaments
composing the thread in sections, the distance between the sections being
varied according to circumstances, it being based upon the solidity or strength
to be imparted to the thread. After the sizing I dry the threads and wind
them upon a bobbin or otherwise.. The size may be of any suitable matter
or composition, provided it be such as will unite or bind the filaments of the
thread, cause them to adhere, and prevent their separation. Gum arabic in
solution is the material I prefer. For.sizing I use the matter simple or com-
pound, according to the requirements of the manufacture; I mean by com-
pound matter that which might be mixed with color or mordant, although I

page_text: should generally use the size or gum by itself. I pass the thread to be sized
over rollers,, and between an engraved roller, or roller with grooves along the
surface thereof, and a clothed roller; this clothed roller takes up the gum or
adhesive material from a roller revolving partly in a trough containing the
gum, and which revolves in contact with the clothed roller. The thread sized
in sections passes on to an endless metal belt kept heated or over heated
cylinders, whereby the thread is dried, it then passes over a roller and is
wound upon a bobbin by a flyer or upon any other suitable receiver. When
it is desired to size the threads continuously over the sizing in sections, a
lighter size may be used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th January 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING OR GUMMING WARP
AND WEPT THREADS," (communicated to me from abroad by Stanislas Vigoureux,
of Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst others).. that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
In the manufacture of stuffs there are many, according to the character to
be imparted to them, which require to be supple and spongy, and for various
reasons, as, for instance, the exigencies and caprice of the weavers; again, in-
order to facilitate the introduction of colors in printing or dyeing. To obtain
the various kinds of this category of fabrics, it becomes necessary to use more
highly twisted threads; in certain particular kinds if it were possible, threads
without twist would be used simply felted or united by any other means.
With such threads the numbers require to be considerably under spun (sous
filés), and even then the shocks the threads are subjected to in the loom
render their manufacture into fabrics difficult. From the thread being under
spun, the cost for the same quantity of matter which has produced it is higher
with regard to the length; in some cases a difference up to 25 per cent.
arises. To give an instance, I take, for example, a weft which serves to pro:
duce the of the crossing of merino in a power loom. Before the weaving
of merino by power it was easy to use by hand for weft a quality of wool
corresponding to No. 63,000 the thread being but slightly twisted in spinning,
the drawing to this number was easily effected without considerable waste.
For power weaving, on the contrary, it is necessary to twist the thread
sufficiently to enable it to resist the shocks it is subjected to by the machinery,
the same number of thread therefore cannot be used, unless it be of a quality
of wool corresponding to about the No. 80,000; the thread being also
necessarily more twisted, the goods produced are not always found preferable.
If the regularity of power weaving over hand weaving did not assist in causing
the sale of the goods, hand loom merino would be preferred. From the
thread being but slightly twisted, the crossing or mill is fuller, and gives to
the eye the appearance of a greater number, besides, as relates to dyeing, the
dye penetrates better; again the thread, being less twisted, a greater
brilliancy is left on the fabric. From this introduction I have been desirous
of demonstrating a fact which is known, that thread slightly twisted is spun
from the same quantity of matter to a higher number, leaves more brilliancy
on the fabric, yields thicker and more spongy fabrics, and if for the manufac
ture of certain fabrics other descriptions of thread are used, it is simply on
account of the difficulty of weaving these slightly twisted threads. From
studying these difficulties my correspondent has remarked that the thread

page_text: slightly twisted, and exceptionally that without twist, separates or breaks only
because the filaments composing it are not sufficiently united to prevent them
sliding over each other.
The present Invention consists in sizing or gumming the thread or fila-
ments composing the thread in sections, the distance between the sections
being varied according to circumstances, it being based upon the solidity or
strength to be imparted to the thread. After the sizing I dry the threads
and wind them upon a bobbin or otherwise. The size may be of any suitable
matter or composition, provided it be such as will unite or bind the filaments
of the thread, cause them to adhere, and prevent their separation. Gum
arabic in solution is the material I prefer. For sizing I use the matter
simple or compound, according to the requirements of the manufacture; I
mean by compound matter that which might be mixed with color or mordant,
although I should generally use the size or gum by itself. I pass the thread
to be sized over rollers B, B, (see the accompanying Drawing), and between
an engraved roller C, or roller. with grooves along the surface thereof, and a
clothed roller D; this clothed roller takes up the gum or adhesive material
from a roller E, revolving partly in a trough F, containing the gum, and
which revolves in contact with the clothed roller. The thread sized in sections
passes on to an endless metal belt I kept heated by a steam chest J, or other-
wise, whereby the thread is dried, it then passes over a roller B¹ and is wound
upon a bobbin by a flyer M or upon any other suitable receiver. When it
is desired to size the threads continuously over the sizing in sections, a lighter
size may be used.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim sizing or gum-
ming warp and weft threads substantially by the means and in manner herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.B.)