Improvements in Machines and Appliances for Making Bread and for like purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 17th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 18th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 17th June: 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines and Appliances for Making Bread and
for like purposes.
1, GEORGE LEWIS, of Park Street, Wellington, in the County of Salop,
Baker and Grocer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to the manner in which I construct and arrange
machines and appliances for pressing dough into receptacles, and for dividing equal
portions of dough from one mass or large body, for the purpose of making bread
or cakes of a regular and uniform weight.
In carrying my invention into effect when constructing a machine for dividing
dongh into regular portions for making into loaves of a uniform weight, I make a
central hopper or bin into which I introduce the mass of dough. Preferably the
bottom of this bin or hopper I make closed, together with the two ends, but the
top and two sides I leave open. At one side of the hopper I arrange a ram or
table which is free to be moved in and out of the hopper and through the open
side by means of cam plates and connecting rods or levers attached thereto in such
a manner that when the cams are turned round the table or ram is advanced or
thrust into the dough box and thus on the return or complete revolution of the
cam the plate or ram is withdrawn again. Thus the plate or moving. ram forms
the side to prevent the dough from escaping from the open mouthed box when it
is being filled by hand. Upon the opposite side of the box or hopper I arrange a
number of chambers each having a piston to close one end; the open ends or
mouths of these chambers I make to face the hopper so that the dough may be
freely forced from the hopper into these separate chambers when the platten or ram
is forced into the hopper to drive out the dough. I arrange any desired number
of such loaf boxes or receptacles and I make the piston in each box to serve as a
gauge or adjustable bottom to suit the weight or mass of dough which is to
be forced into the boxes for any particular weight of loaf or cake which is to be
made from the dough. I make my pistons in one convenient manner to be
adjustable by means of screwed piston rods which I pass through bearings and
outs or fastenings arranged or provided upon the end of the framework of my
machine. The upper or moving platten or ram plate I make with compound head,
the two heads being connected together, by bolts or the like fastenings and being
kept apart at the required distance by means of springs arranged between them in
such a manner that the pressure required to be exerted upon the dough to force
it into the dividing chambers shall not compress the springs, but any excess
pressure or pressures occasioned by the chambers being full before the stroke of
the platten has been completed shall cause the springs to yield and the outer
portion of the head to move without causing the attached inner head also to move.
By this special arrangement of a yielding pressing surface, I am enabled to ensure
that only a certain known and determined pressure shall be given to the dough in
the chambers, sufficient to produce a portion of a desired weight each time, and
that only a certain density and consequently a uniform amount of dough shall be
compressed into the chambers at each operation irrespective of the amount of
dough which may be contained in the main feeding hopper or central bin or box.
1 cause the compound head to slide within side bars or side frames or rollers
of my machine, and I mount a motion shaft or shafts for carrying the operating
.

page_text: cams at or near the end of the frames, or in any suitable ordinary bearings ;
I preferably construct my compound head with its outer plate provided with a
projecting bracket or boss for carrying the spindle or rollers which take the
motion from the revolving cams. make the cam or cams in a peculiar manner
with the path provided suitably for permitting the ram plates to remain stationary
during about one half of the revolution of the cam in order that other operations
may be completed while the ram plates are stationary.
On the same main motion shaft or shafts I provide other cams or cranks for
setting in correct movement connecting rods which give a traverse to and fro to
the chamber box frame, and for working the cross cutters or knives to divide the
dough in the chamber boxes from the body of dough in the feeding hopper.
I cause the separating or loaf boxes to be set in motion after the ram head has
charged them and filled each with a definite amonnt of dough, and after the cross
cutting knives have divided or cut off the main body of dough from the loaf
portions; the object of the movement of the box frame being to permit of the
divided portions falling out of the machine leaving the boxes ready for the next
charging. To give the correct motion to the cutters I mount rocking levers
with ends having long slotted holes for the pins or rollers on the ends of the
knive levers to work in, and 1 mount the cams upon the main shaft in any
convenient position. I provide side knives to cut off the dough in the feeding box
and to prevent its falling out by mounting blades or cutters upon the ram head and
upon the chamber box frame so that when the ram head advances and the bottom
box frame also moves upwards the knives are caused to meet and thus to enclose
the dough within the hopper.
I modify the framework of my machine together with the number and
arrangement of the chambers pistons and parts to suit the number of portions
of dough which are to be divided off at each time, and I also drive my machine by
belting by friction gearing or by any other well known mechanical appliance or
engine, or I set it in motion by manual power worked by hand wheel or foot levers
as may be desired. I make my machines and the boxes of metal lined with any
suitable material and I arrange any number of machines to be driven from one
shaft or from one engine when large bakeries or manufactories are to be fitted
with them.
Dated this 16th day of May 1894.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.
CUMPLEIE DIECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines and Appliances for Making Bread and
for like purposes.
I, GEORGE LEWIS, of Park Street, Wellington, in the County of Salop,
Baker and Grocer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to the manner in which I construct and arrange
machines and appliances for pressing dough into receptacles, and for dividing equal
portions of dough from one mass or large body, for the purpose of making bread
or cakes of a regular and uniform weight.
In the two accompanying sheets of explanatory drawings to be hereinafter
referred to :-
Figure 1 is a side elevation and Figure 2 a plan representing one convenient
form of my improved machine.

page_text: Sigure is an end-view of the dough boxes or chambers.
Figure 4 is an end elevation of the complete machine.
Figure 5 is a detail view representing in sectional elevation the compound ram
or sliding table, and Figure 6 is a sectional plan of the same.
Figure 7 is a diagram to represent the various motions of the machine.
The same reference letters in the different views indicate the same parts.
In carrying my invention into effect when constructing a machine for dividing
dough into regular portions for making into loaves or cakes of a uniform weight,
I make a central hopper or bin such as A into which I introduce the mass of
dough. Preferably the bottom of this bin or hopper I make closed, together with
the two ends, but the top and two sides I leave open. At one side of the hopper
I arrange a ram or table B which is free to be moved in and out of the hopper
and through the open side by means of a cam C secured to the driving shaft D
and levers E El and connecting rods F F attached to the ram in such a
manner that when the cam is turned or revolved with the shaft the table or
ram is advanced or thrust into the dough box or the lower end of the hopper
and on the return or complete revolution of the cam the plate or ram is withdrawn
again. Thus the plate or moving ram forms the one side to prevent the dough
from escaping from the open mouthed box or hopper A when it is being filled
by hand. Upon the opposite side of the box or hopper AI arrange a number of
dough or loaf boxes or chambers such as G G G G G G each having a
piston to close one end; the open ends or mouths of these chambers I make to
face the hopper so that the dough may be freely forced from the hopper into
these separate chambers when the platten or ram is forced into the hopper to
drive out the dough. I arrange any desired number of such loaf boxes or
receptacles and I make the piston in each box to serve as a gauge or adjustable
bottom or end to suit the weight or portion of dough which is to be forced into
the boxes for any particular weight of loaf or cake which is to be made from the
dough. I make my pistons in one convenient manner to be adjustable by means
of screwed piston rods H H H H³ H* H* which I pass through and secure to an
adjustable crosshead as shown at Figure 2. I make the sliding ram or table B
with a compound head, or in two parts, preferably the one within the other as
shown in the detail views Figures 5 and 6. The outer and inner portions B
and B are kept apart at the required distance by means of springs arranged
between them or by a weight J Figures 2 and 7 arranged in such a manner that
the pressure required to be exerted upon the dough to force it into the dividing
chambers shall not compress the springs or raise, the weight independently of the
outer part of the ram, but any excess pressure or pressures, occasioned by the
chambers being full before the stroke of the platten has been completed, shall
cause the springs to yield or will bring the outer part B to rest whilst the inner part B1
is moved forward, thus, raising the weight independently of the outer part of the
ram. By this special arrangement of a yielding pressing surface, I am enabled to
ensure that only a certain known and determined pressure shall be given to the
dough in the chambers sufficient to produce a portion of a definite weight each
time, and that only a certain density and consequently a uniform amount of dough
shall be compressed into the chambers at each operation, irrespective of the
amount of dough which may be contained in the main feeding hopper or central
bin or box. I cause the compound table is to slide within side bars or side frames
or rollers of my machine, and when the dough offers no undue obstruction to the
motion the two parts B and B' move together by the action of the levers E E¹
and rods F F operated by the cam C, but any undue obstruction against the ram
will bring the outer portion B to rest whilst the motion of the inner portion B¹ is
continued, the weight J (Figure 7) attached or connected to the end of the
bell crank or like levers K, being further raised by such continued forward
motion until the end of the stroke is completed. The bell crank levers K are
pivotted to the brackets K' formed with or attached to the outer part of the ram.
make the cam C in a peculiar manner with the path provided suitably for

page_text: permitting the ram plates to remain stationary during about one half of the
revolution of the cam in order that other operations may be completed while the
ram plates are stationary.
On the same main motion shaft or preferably on an upper shaft L, I provide
other cams or cranks such as M, N, and O (Figures 1 and 7) for setting in correct
movement connecting rods or levers which give a traverse to and fro motion to the
chamber box frame P, and for working. the cross cutters or knives to divide the
dough in the chamber or boxes from the body of dough in the feeding hopper. I
cause the separating or loaf boxes G to be drawn up to the face of the hopper
by means of the cam M.and when in this position the attached knife M' (Figure 2)
projects into the hopper as illustrated, and the ram in its forward motion passes
immediately under the knife M¹ thus separating a portion of the dough from the
mass and forcing the same into the chambers or boxes. After the ram has charged
the boxes and filled each with a definite amount of dough, the vertical or cross
"cutting knife Q separates the main body of the dough from the loaf portions. The
loaf boxes are then drawn back by the action of the cam M but as the pistons
remain stationary until the ends of the slots S (Figure 1) in the side rods S' are
brought into contact with the cross piece T, the divided dough is forced out from
the boxes G G G G G G and after the further and combined movement of the
boxes together with the contained dough and the pistons to the required position,
the dough is forced away by the vertical or cross movement of the scraper R. To
give the correct motion to the vertical or cross cutters and scraper I mount
levers such as U and V arranged with suitable slots for the pins or rollers on the
ends of the knife rods or slides to work in as illustrated at Figures 1 and 7, and
I mount the cams upon the main shaft in any convenient position. I sometimes
"provide a knife or cutter upon the ram head corresponding to the knife or cutter M'
on the loaf boxes, in order that when the ram head advances and the box frame
also moves forward the knives are caused to meet and thus to enclose the dough
'beneath them.
Although I preferably arrange the compound ram in combination with a weight
lever as herein before described 1 sometimes combine it with other suitable and
well known devices in order that the one part of the ram shall be moved
independently of the other for the herein described purpose.
1 modify the frame work of my machine together with the number and
arrangement of the chambers, pistons, and other parts to suit the number of
portions of dough which are to be divided off at each time, and I also drive my
machine by belting, by friction gearing, or by any other well known mechanical
appliance or engine, or I set it in motion by manual power worked by hand wheel
or foot levers as may be desired. I make my machine and the boxes of metal
lined with any suitable material and I arrange any number of machines to be
driven from one shalt or from one engine when large bakeries or manufactories are
to be fitted with them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
- claim is:-
1. The improved method of cutting or dividing equal portions from a mass of
dough or like substance and pressing the same into boxes or receptacles substantially
as herein described.
2. In machines for bread making and like purposes the use of a compound
sliding ram to give only a certain known and definite pressure to the dough or like
substance substantially as herein described.
3. In machines for bread making and like purposes the combination of a
compound sliding ram with dividing or cutting off mechanism substantially as
and for the purposes hereinbefore described and as illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
4. In machines for bread making and like purposes the combination of a

page_text: compound sliding ram with receiving boxes or receptacles substantially as and for
the purposes hereinbefore described and as illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
5. The improved construction and arrangement of a bread making or like:
machine substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
Dated this 18th day of February 1895.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.