matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rawnsley, William Rawnsley,
and John Crowther at the Ottice of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st
June 1879.
JOHN RAWNSLEY and WILLIAM RAWNSLEY, Manufacturers, and JOHN CROWTHER,
Manager, all three of Bradford, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Our Invention relates to employing an apparatus worked by tappets for forming
the backs of worsted coatings or other kind of coatings, carpets, or any kind of
fabrics requiring backs, instead of jacquards or other engines heretofore employed,
by which means we produce an increase in the weaving speed with a great saving.
For this purpose we fit on one of the ends of the driving shaft of the loom a pinion
which gears into a cog wheel having a pinion cast on the side. This pinion actuates
a tappet wheel which is cast on the end of a tubular shaft, which works on the end
of the low shaft of the loom. On the tubular shaft are fitted tappets, and the
number of these tappets employed are regulated by the nature of the fabric to be
woven. The tappets actuate small friction pullies which are fitted to levers or
treadles. One end of these levers works on a short shaft fitted to a bearer which
is bolted to the side frame of the loom; the other ends are fitted with draw rods
which work the jack rods, actuating the shafts and consequently the headles.
In forming the back of the fabric in the process of weaving the tappets actuate a
certain portion of the headles, and which are the same headles which formed the face;
that is to say, the tappets come into gear at the required time, which lifts and
lowers the headles to form the face and back, and with one or more picks on the
face, and one or more picks on the back.
By these means we do away with the jacquards or other engines, making the
looms more simple, producing a great saving and a great increase in the speed of
weaving.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher James Little at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1879.
CHRISTOPHER JAMES LITTLE, of No. 17, Groombridge Road, South Hackney, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
VALVES."
This Invention consists in constructing valves used for controlling the flow of
gas, water, or steam, so that any sediment can be easily removed from the seating
or valve by turning the spindle in the operation of closing; this applies to the
class of circular valves with screwed spindles.
To obtain this object I construct the valves with a loose nut on spindle, having.
movement in line of spindle only, sufficient play being left in the casting or forging
to admit of the requisite amount of movement "in line with spindle," so that the
valve may be pressed to its seating and turned round without being jammed on its
seating; a spring could be used to keep the nut in its place. The outside of the
nut being made square or equivalent, fitting into a corresponding recess in the
lasting or forging to prevent being turned round with spindle, or the nut may be
round, fitting into a corresponding recess in the casting or forging, with set pins, keys,
or equivalents, to prevent the nut being turned round with spindle.
For large valves the valves can be attached to spindles by a tee-head or joint and
pin, so as to turn round with spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Beatty and David Beatty at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1879.
JOHN BEATTY and DAVID BEATTY, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in
Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
Instead of depositing the dough portion by portion upon the sole of the oven in
the manner now practised we introduce a full batch at once upon the tray herein-
after mentioned into a metal case or oven enclosed in a chamber which is heated by
a furnace-fire open to the chamber and diffusing its smoke and heat throughout it
and around the metal case. The chamber is supplied with an exit flue, at or near
the floor thereof, and as far as convenient from the furnace.
Where steam is used in connection with the manufacture the boiler smoke may
be passed through the chamber and the waste heat from it be thus utilized.
One side or end of the metal case or oven consists of a door or doors opening
outside the chamber into the bakehouse, and through it the batch is introduced
upon an iron tray covered with tiles and run into and out of the metal case or oven
along rails.
The dough is pressed and drawn through a machine furnished with adjustable
rollers and knives which shape and cut it into any desired portions, and a creeping
cloth is employed for depositing these portions on the tray above mentioned as it
moves towards or into the case or oven.
The full batch when baked is immediately withdrawn on the tray.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REDUCING IMPERFECTLY OR SEMI-DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES TO A SMOOTH OR EQUALISED STATE OF FLUIDITY, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO REDUCING DISSOLVED ISINGLASS TO THE CONDITION KNOWN AS BREWERS' FININGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Othniel Stopes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1879.
ARTHUR OTHNIEL STOPES, of Colchester, in the County of Essex. "NEW OR
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REDUCING IMPERFECTLY OR SEMI-DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES
TO A SMOOTH OR EQUALISED STATE OF FLUIDITY, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE
TO REDUCING DISSOLVED ISINGLASS TO THE CONDITION KNOWN AS BREWERS'
FININGS."
This Invention relates to new or improved apparatus for reducing imperfectly or
semi-dissolved substances to a smooth or equalised state of fluidity, especially
applicable to reducing dissolved isinglass to the condition known as brewers'
finings.
According to my Invention I employ a receptacle, by preference of wood, and of
cylindrical form. The bottom of this receptacle consists of wire gauze or some finely
perforated material, but I prefer the former. Attached radially to a vertical spindle
placed concentrically within said receptacle is a brush working face downwards
onto said gauze bottom, and underneath said gauze bottom is a similar brush working
face upwards against it. The two brushes may be in the same radial line or not, as,
desired. The imperfectly or semi-dissolved substance is placed in the said receptacle
and a rotary motion is then imparted to the said brushes. The upper brush forces
the substance through the meshes of the gauze in a smooth or equalised state of
fluidity, and the under brush cleans the gauze and keeps the meshes open. The
substance after passing through the gauze falls into any suitable receptacle on the
top of which the apparatus described is placed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE FENCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Minto Russell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1879.
ANDREW MINTO RUSSELL, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE FENCES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in wire fences, has for its object
to keep the wires always in a proper state of tension, and at the same time to
allow for the contraction and expansion of the wires incidental to atmospheric
changes or other causes. The Invention consists in providing at each straining
post of the fence coil or spiral springs, the number of which corresponds to the
number of wires in the fence. At the straining posts each wire is connected to an
oye made at one end of a bar or rod, which passes loosely through a hole in the
straining post, the said rods having screw threads formed on their other ends, on
which jamb nuts are placed.
The coil or spiral springs before referred to are placed on the bars or rods
between the jamb nuts and the straining posts, the effect of which is that as the
wires of the fence expand or contract with variation of temperature or from other
causes the coil or spiral springs are compressed or extended, and the wires are
thereby always kept in the desired state of tension, and prevented from breaking
in a cold temperature, as has hitherto sometimes been the case.
One end of each length of wire between two straining posts is connected as set
forth to the bar or rod, and the other end is passed through a hole in the next
straining post of the series, and made fast by twisting, or in any other suitable
manner; or in lieu of this arrangement both ends of each length of wire may be
connected to a bar or rod and provided with a spring, as described.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHECKING AND STOPPING STEEL WIRE HAWSERS AND CABLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Munton Bullivant at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1879.
WILLIAM MUNTON BULLIVANT, of 72, Mark Lane, in the City of London.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHECKING AND STOPPING STEEL WIRE HAWSERS
AND CABLES."
"IM-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for checking and
stopping steel wire hawsers or cables.
For this purpose the apparatus is formed of a bed plate with two side pieces or
cheeks standing up from it; the steel wire hawser or cable is passed between one of
these fixed sides or cheeks, and a wedge piece which can slide to and fro on the
bed plate, and which rests against the other side or cheek.
A cover plate secured to one or both sides above the wedge piece keeps it in
place, this cover also carries a toothed wheel or ratchet wheel to gear into a rack
on the top of the wedge, so that by turning the axis of this toothed wheel the
wedge may be moved to and fro. The smaller end of the wedge is foremost in the
direction in which the cable or hawser runs out.
When the hawser or cable is to be allowed to run free the wedge is held back and
does not nip it, but when the hawser or cable is to be stopped or checked, the
wedge is moved forward by the rack and pinion in the direction in which the cable
or hawser is running, until the rope or hawser gets gripped between the wedge and
one of the sides. When the rope or hawser gets thus gripped the greater the strain
there is on the rope the greater will be the force with which the wedge will be
drawn forwards and caused to grip it.
If it is required only to check the hawser or rope and not to stop it the wedge
may be prevented from moving too far forwards and so gripping the rope too
tightly, by causing it to come against the end of a strong screw which screws
through a projecting standing up from the. bed plate, and which screw can be
turned by a hand wheel, or worm wheel, or otherwise. Thus the distance the
wedge is allowed to move forward and its consequent grip on the rope can be
regulated by turning the screw.
By the same screw also the wedge can be forced back whenever it is desired to
set the hawser or cable free.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING HOOKS AND SWIVELS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Evans and Thomas Evans at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1879.
WILLIAM EVANS and THOMAS EVANS, both of Walsall, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturers. IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING HOOKS AND SWIVELS."
"
Spring hooks and swivels have hitherto been fitted with a spring placed inside the
bow in order to force the "short side" or loose part of the bow rigidly against the
"long side" of the hook, and thus any ring or chain once slipped inside the bow is
securely held therein.
The fault of this arrangement of parts is that the spring from its exposed position
often times becomes loose or broken, in either of which cases the short side becomes
displaced, and the whole fastening is so rendered useless for the purpose for which it
is intended.
Our improvements consist, firstly, in placing the spring inside the "short side,"
and for this purpose the said short side is recessed or hollowed to hold the said
spring. This new or improved construction of the short side constitutes the second
part of our Invention; for the "short side" being so formed overlaps the opposite
part of the "long side" of the hook, and thus great additional strength and safety
is given to that part of the hook where it is most required.
As a modification of our Invention, the spring may be placed in the "long side" of
the hook, and then this part of the hook (and not that of the "short side") is
provided with a flange or shoulder to protect the spring.
AN IMPROVED STOVE FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Moore at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1879.
JOSEPII MOORE, of Balham Hill, in the County of Surrey. "AN IMPROVED
STOVE FOR CONSUMING SMOKE."
This Invention has reference to an improved stove or grate for effectually
consuming its own amoke, and likewise for giving a greater amount of heat
(combined with economy in fuel) to the rooms or apartments, and at the same time
prevent the draughts of cold air caused by the ordinary stoves at present in use,
and also enabling if required hot air to be carried to adjoining rooms, and consists
of a stove or grate of any required shape formed with hot air chambers for dis-
tributing heated air, also with flues or inner chambers for consuming the smoke,
and an iron apron for closing the front of the grate to prevent cold draughts and
for giving the necessary direction to the current of air to the flues for supporting
combustion.
The annexed Drawing represents a front view of my improved stove.
A, A, body of stove; b, b, hot air chambers to which pipes can also be fitted and
employed for conveying hot air to adjoining rooms; c, c, openings through which the
heated air escapes into the room; d, d, flues or inner chambers (passing through the
hot air chambers), the top portions of which are placed where the smoke enters
the chimney and the lower parts are brought underneath the grate or fireplace and
behind the iron apron and through which the smoke to be consumed and the air
for supporting combustion is brought, as shewn by the arrows; e, e, iron apron for
closing the space under the bars and also the front of the stove to a level of the top
bar for preventing the air from passing underneath the grate as at present, and
thus cause the necessary draught of air for supporting combustion to be brought
from the top of the flues or inner chambers and pass under the grate, at the same
time draw the smoke to be consumed with it, also by means of the said iron apron
prevent the cold draughts of air from passing through the rooms as is the case at
present by the use of the ordinary open stoves as aforesaid, also employing a
damper or regulator at the top of the stove for regulating the ventilation and allow
the escape of gases.
A modified principle of this Invention can be employed for other kinds of stoves,
ranges, or furnaces.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY GUARD FOR THE STUDS OF SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Van Casteel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1879.
JEAN VAN CASTEEL, of Ghent, in the Kingdom of Belgium, at present residing at
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED SAFETY GUARD FOR THE
STUDS OF SHIRT FRONTS."
This Invention relates to improvements upon that form of stud guard which
formed the subject of Provisional Protection granted to mo on the 16th day of July
1879, No. 2894, and consist in protecting the end of the metal stüp in which the
slots are formed by means of a swelling formed in or attached to one or both
extremities of such stup and thus, prevent the possibility of such extremity injuring
the person wearing the guard, and further consists in covering the stup with
leather, cotton, or other suitable material, whereby an enhanced and ornamental
appearance is obtained,
MENTS IN PRINTING ANILINE BLACKS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Schmidlin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th August 1879.
JOSEPH SCHMIDLIN, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, Chemist.
MENTS IN PRINTING ANILINE BLACKS."
"IMPROVE-
It is known that an ordinary aniline black printed and developed when treated
by a salt of peroxide of iron or by chromic acid will give a black colour, which
will not turn green with exposure. It is also known that aniline salts, printed on
prepared cloth by bichrome will give a similar black colour with the same
properties. Unfortunately these blacks cannot be printed with other colours, such
as red and rose alizarines and others, as the latter colours will not sustain their
reactions.
My Invention consists in adding to a colour containing an aniline salt with a
chlorate, an insoluble chromate combined with a salt of peroxide of iron. This
colour like all other blacks will form itself by slow oxidation, or by a quarter of an
hours steaming, and has the advantage that one can use it without trouble with
any other colour which will support the temperature of steam. One can obtain
the same black also by dyeing on the thread, be it woven or in a skein, a yellow
insoluble chrome, and soaking this thread in a solution of an aniline salt, a chlorate
and a salt of peroxide of iron; dry and steam the same up to 210° Fahrenheit for
a quarter of an hour.
These aniline blacks can be treated like all other colours, and will resist the
reactions of sulphurous acids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CEMENT AND THE LIKE MOULDINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1879. A communication from
abroad by Carl Friedrich Nicolaus Kleinschmidt, of Brussels, in the Kingdom
of Belgium.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solictors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CEMENT AND THE LIKE MOULDINGS."
[A communication from Carl Friedrich Nicolaus Kleinschmidt, of Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium.]
If a moulding is cut through at any angle it shews a certain profile, and a pattern
being cut from the same will produce the same pattern. The pattern inust however
be used at the proper angle for the said moulding in order to produce the same.
The proper angle for the required profile is equal to the half of the alteration of
the inclination of the moulding. The pattern thus receives the same inclination in
both directions and produces the same profile in both.
The following description serves to practically apply the above theory, the
alteration of the inclination of the moulding being equal to 90 degrees.
My Invention relates, firstly, to the method of making the pattern which is as
follows, that is to say:-Having the given profile and a line parallel with the
ceiling, a second line is drawn beneath the first mentioned line and at an angle of
45 degrees to the same. The projections of the profile are then carried down to
the said lines, and lines projected from the second line of the same length as the
lines from the projections of the profile give the required profile.
The said Invention relates, secondly, to means for guiding the pattern, and for
this object I employ apparatus which has the general form of a right angled triangle,
and carries the pattern wedged into its upper surface. The said apparatus may be
made of wood with metal fittings, or of metal. Laths are attached to the walls
along which the triangle is moved by means of a handle attached to its under side.
In order to take the triangle round corners, in which position the laths cease to
support the same, I use a guide-piece which rests with its upper edge upon the
aforesaid laths and with its lower edge against the wall; along each side the said
guide-piece is provided with a projecting rim, the top of each rim being level with
the top of the aforesaid laths; upon either of these rims the triangle can be
supported and thus carried around a corner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Meyer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1879. A communication from
abroad by Jacob Porges, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
HENRY EDWARD MEYER, of Lawrence Lane, in the City of London. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO." [A communication from abroad by
Jacob Porges, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.]
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of pipes for smoking
tobacco, the object of the improvements being to prevent the entrance of nicotine or
moisture in the mouth of the smoker, thereby rendering the use of tobacco less
injurious to health.
In carrying out my improvements the mouthpiece of the pipe is provided with a
perforated tube of suitable material and of the same length as the stem of the pipe.
Over this perforated tube I place a tube (which may be in one, two, or more parts
or lengths) of raw or crude meerschaum, a small perforated button or cap screwing
onto the end of the said perforated tube, so as to keep the meerschaum tube or tubes
in position. This tube with the outer tube of meerschaum is then passed into the
stem of the pipe, and when the pipe is smoked the nicotine and moisture from the
tobacco or otherwise will pass into the said perforated tube and through the perfo-
rations thereof, and will be absorbed by the meerschaum tube, which is very porous.
The said meerschaum tube being removeable can be easily replaced when saturated,
so that by this construction of pipe the smoking of tobacco is rendered more pleasant
and less injurious to health.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POTTERS' LATHES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Simpson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the the 4th October 1879.
JOSEPH SIMPSON, of Lomas Street, Heaton Chapel, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN POTTERS' LATHES."
The object of my Invention is to drive potters' lathes by steam or other power
instead of by treadles as is now customary, and to start the lathes at a low speed
gradually increasing and to maintain a steady speed.
In performing my Invention I make use of a countershaft on which are two
loose pulleys with a fast pulley between them, the latter being only half the width
of the former; a cross band or strap runs on one loose pulley and an open band on
the other, so that the lathe may be driven in either direction. I make the fast
pulley smaller in diameter at the edges, so that the band by which it is driven can
be brought on to it slowly and communicate a low speed at first, which will be
increased as the band is brought fully on to the pulley. For shipping the band
from the loose to the fast pulley I make use of a strap guide provided with a
forked projection which is moved by the knee of the workman, thus leaving both
his hands at liberty. On the countershaft are cone or other pulleys for driving the
lathe spindle. On the lathe spindle I place a fly wheel to maintain a steady speed
while starting and running.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONIC APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1879. A communication
from abroad by Maurice Boudet, of Paris, France, Doctor of Medicine.
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONIC APPARATUS." [A communication from abroad by
Maurice Boudet, of Paris, France, Doctor of Medicine.]
This Invention relates to the construction of telephonic sending and receiving
apparatus, the former being of the kind known as the microtelephono, in which
the principle of the Hughes' microphone is combined with that of the Bell
telephone. In some of these instruments the vibrating plate carries a piece of
carbon, on which bears the end of another pivotted piece of carbon pressed against
the former piece by a metallic or caoutchouc spring. In order to increase the
delicacy of such instruments, the pivotted carbon is according to this Invention
balanced on its centre like an equal armed lever, and one of its arms is lightly
pressed against the carbon on the plate by a spring consisting of a piece of paper or
thin card bent into U form, which gives a very gentle and yielding elastic pressure
producing great sensitiveness. The instrument thus arranged although bearing
the character of a microphone is rendered suitable for use as a telephonic sending
instrument of great delicacy. The receiving instrument may be of ordinary con-
struction, but it is preferred to employ as its vibrating diaphragm, instead of iron,
a piece of thiu tin plate placed as close as possible without contact to the pole
of the magnet. A novel form of receiving instrument according to this Invention
consists of two parts, a coil of very fine wire, and a very thin plate of steel
slightly magnetised. The electric currents passing through the coil modify the
magnetic condition of the plate sufficiently to cause vibrations that effect complete
reproduction of the transmitted sounds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gardner, the younger, and
William Miles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd
January 1879.
WILLIAM GARDNER, the younger, of Pendlebury, noar Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Watch Maker, and WILLIAM MILES, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES."
Our Invention consists of the improvements in watches herein after described,
by which improvements the balance wheel and parts directly connected there with
are preserved from the risk of injury to which they are exposed in watches of the
ordinary construction. The regulation of the watch is also facilitated, and the
construction of the watch in other respects simplified.
Our improvements are specially applicable to watches of the kind called keyless
watches, but are also applicable to watches generally.
In constructing a watch according to our Invention we make the pillar plate of
the watch deeper than usual, and instead of placing the balance wheel between the
pillar plate and the back of the case we place the balanco wheel between the pillar
plate and the dial of the watch, the balance wheel being immediately under the
dial and separated from the back of the case by the pillar plate. In watches of the
ordinary construction the balance wheel is situated very near the back of the case,
and is very imperfectly protected. In cousequence of this arrangement a blow or
pressure on the back of the watch sufficient to produce a permanent indentation or
a temporary change of figure in the back of the watch generally results in a greater
or less injury to the balance wheel or parts immediately connected therewith.
The mechanism of the watch by which the balance wheel is connected with the
main spring or power differs in no essential respects from the mechanism ordinarily
employed, such changes only being introduced as are consequent upon the changed
position of the balance wheel.
The lever by which the watch is regulated passes through a slot under the dial,
and its extreme end is turned up and terminates on a level with the dial.
On the extreme edge of the dial or on the edge of the case are the words "fast"
and "slow," and between them is a graduated or divided scale.
In order to regulate the watch the end of the lever is moved in the required
direction. This is effected without opening the watch and exposing the works, and
the risk of injury is avoided and access of dust prevented. The raising of the bezel
carrying the watch glass gives access to the regulator.

page_text: The
Watches made according to our Invention do not require the usual double case
at back, and contain no hinge for connecting the watch proper to its case.
whole of the mechanism of the watch is placed in the case from the front, and is
fastened therein by a snap fastening, the dial being afterwards dropped upon and
fixed to the back plate by pins at the back of the former taking into holes in the 5
latter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brecknell and Edwin Brecknell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1879.
HENRY BRECKNELL and EDWIN BRECKNELL, both of the City and County of
Bristol. " IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
According to this Invention we make the engine with two cylinders opposite one
another, and on the same bedplate or frame we form or connect the two piston rods
with a slot crank in which the crauk brasses slide. The cylinders may both be
high pressure, or they may be constructed on the compound principle, that is, the
exhaust from the high pressure cylinder expanding into the low pressure cylinder.
In order to make the engine reversible, we make the eccentric which works the
slide valves for both cylinders loose on the shaft, and form it with a circular disc on
one side and with two holes therein diametrically opposite to one another; on the
shaft we fit a sliding clutch with clutch lever or other shifting gear and having a
pin which can fall into one of the two holes formed in the aforesaid disc part of the
eccentric and thus cause the eccentric to be carried with it, and enable the engine
to work right round or left round. In order that the pin may readily fall into
either of the holes without any jerk we form the holes with gradual incline
approach thereto.
The engine may be horizontal, or vertical, or inclined.
The reversing gear is also applicable to single cylinder engines and to engines
with one or more pairs of cylinders of other constructions than the one here
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING FIBRES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gowan Hudson and John
Beaumont at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November
1879.
HENRY GOWAN HUDSON, of Springfield Mill, Morley, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, and JOHN BEAUMONT, of Morley, in the County aforesaid, Scribbling
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING FIBRES."
56
This Invention comprises improved combination and arrangement of cards, card
rollers, cylinders, and combs in such manner as to ensure the thorough carding and
cleasing the fibre operated upon.
According to this our Invention we apply the cards to the cylinder, workers,
strippers, and fancy, in the reverse position to ordinary, and reverse the rotation of
these; the cards on the doffing cylinder are spaced, so as to allow the fibre to pass
to the upper surface of the cylinder, and in the blanks between the cards are combs,
these catch and remove nibs and impurities. Instead of ordinary angle strippers
"fancy" rollers are substituted, and the cylinder occupies such relative position to
the doffer as to strip the latter. There is also a comb extending across the
cylinder a little below the angle which answers the purpose of a worker. The
fancy rollers substituted for angle strippers prevents waste of fibre by raising
instead of stripping.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEQUES OR DRAFTS REPRESENTING VALUE, WITH THE VIEW OF PREVENTING FRAUDULENT DEALING THEREWITH
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Attwood Brockelbank at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1879.
THOMAS ATTWOOD BROCKELBANK, of No. 148, Gresham House, Old Broad Street,
in the City of London, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEQUES OR DRAFTS
REPRESENTING VALUE, WITH THE VIEW OF PREVENTING FRAUDULENT DEALING
THEREWITH."
The object of the Invention is to arrange the cheque or draft, so that both
the cheque or draft and its counterpart shall indicate a limit of the extent of
value represented.
For this purpose I form the part of the cheque or draft and its counterpart
at or about the point of their separation in step by step, or other suitable per-
forations or lines adapted to represent progressively units, tens, hundreds, and so
on, and I, if desired, mark each step or progression with a corresponding number,
and these parts are so arranged that in separating the cheque or draft from its
counterpart, both may retain evidence of the extent of the material amount
intended to be represented.
CONSTRUC OF WHEELS FOR FURNITURE CASTORS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Parry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1879.
JOHN PARRY, of Sale, in the County of Chester.
CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR FURNITURE CASTORS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
This Invention relates, firstly, to the construction of the small noiseless wheels or
rollers, with india rubber tyres, used for heavy articles of furniture, such as
bedsteads, large tables, and so forth.
The ordinary way is to make such wheels in one piece with a groove round the
periphery and a flange at each edge, and then to stretch or expand the ring of india
rubber over one edge or flange and allow it to spring back or collapse into the groove;
and in order to expand or stretch the india rubber so as to pass over one edge or
flange, it was necessary to use a soft kind of india rubber capable of being stretched,
and the objection to the use of this kind was that although it deadened the sound,
yet being of a soft and yielding nature it became pressed flat and impeded the
rolling of the wheel.
The object of my Invention is to enable a harder non-elastic description of india
rubber or other material to be employed for the purpose, which although it cannot
be stretched so as to pass over the flange is yet sufficiently soft to deaden the sound,
but not soft enough to be pressed flat by the weight so as to impede the rolling of
the wheel.
For this purpose I make the wheel in two parts, one being a plain barrel or drum
with a flange on one edge, and the other a corresponding disc or flange with a
projecting stud in the centre.
The barrel or drum is bored with a central hole to fit the stud, and both the hole
and the stud may be formed with a screw thread, so that the two parts of the wheel
can be firmly screwed together so as to form a grooved wheel.
In some cases I form the screwed or plain stud on the side of the barrel or drum,
and have a corresponding screwed or plain hole in the the centre of the disc or
flange, using a thin coating of glue or cement to complete the joint.
The hard india rubber ring is to be placed on the drum before the loose disc or
flange is screwed up. These wheels may be made all of metal, but when used for
furniture I prefer for the sake of lightness and economy to make them of wood, and
to spin sheet brass over the ends; the parts being slightly glued before screwing or

page_text: fixing together will require no other fastening, but in cases where the wheels are
made of metal, they may be fastened (after screwing together) by means of a pin,
set screw, or otherwise.
Instead of making the rim of india-rubber I sometimes make the wheel or bowl
all of wood, papier maché, or other solid material or composition, having a narrow
fillet all round at each side, and I "spin" discs of sheet brass or other metal over
these fillets, which increases their strength and durability, and gives them the
appearance of metal wheels with wooden or other tires.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS SUSPENDERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Halladay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1879.
HENRY HALLADAY, of No. 30, Burbury Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS SUSPENDERS,"
In constructing ladies' dress suspenders according to my Invention I employ two
curved levers, the ends of the longer arms of which carry discs between which the
dress is held. These levers are jointed to the opposite ends of a short cross bar.
Upon the said short bar is a cylindrical block of metal, the said bar occupying an
axial hole in the said cylindrical block. The ends of this cylindrical block are not
parallel but are inclined at a small angle to one another. Between the ends of the
cylindrical block and the joints by which the levers are connected to the short cross
bar washers are placed. When the cylindrical block is turned into such a position
that the part of greatest length is between the short arms of the levers, the said
short arms are separated and the long arms made to approach each other, and when
the cylindrical block is turned so as to bring the part of greatest length between
the long arms of the levers the said long arms are separated. When the cylindrical
block is in the last described position, the part of the dress to be held by the
suspender is introduced between the discs terminating the long arms of the levers,
and by turning the cylindrical block into the first described position the long arins
of the levers are closed and the dress firmly gripped. The cylindrical block is
turned by a rod on its longest side, which rod terminates in a ring by which the
suspender is attached to the waist of the wearer.
MENTS IN CRIMPING, GOFFERING, OR PLAITING FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hutchinson Farmer and Wallis
Askham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April
1879.
WILLIAM HUTCHINSON FARMER and WALLIS ASKHAM, of the Midland Lace
Company, Limited, of Nottingham, in the County of Nottingham. " IMPROVE
MENTS IN CRIMPING, GOFFERING, OR PLAITING FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
Our Invention relates to the crimping, goffering, or plaiting of fabrics, and
consists of improvements whereby increased facilities are afforded for the production
of any required pattern or design, and the operation of crimping, goffering, or
plaiting is performed more rapidly than heretofore.
In carrying out our Invention we first crimp, goffer, or plait the fabric in the
ordinary manner and then pass it through apparatus having "formers" which impart
the required finished form to the fabric. Of these "formers" any required number
of sets may be provided adapted to the different patterns or designs of goffer, say
for example q or semi-circular goffers on the various sizes and shapes of box plaits,
the "formers" being changed at will to suit the particular pattern or design which
it is desired to produce.
The formers are heated, and when brought into action the design is immediately
formed, after which they are moved out of action. The motions of the "formers"
requisite to bring them into and out of action are obtained in the following manner
without the aid of the springs ordinarily employed, viz. :-The formers are mounted
on rods or stems carried by revolving drums or cylinders, any required number of
which in gear the one with the other are employed. In connection with each drum
or cylinder and each set of formers is arranged a rocking lever or "placer" which
is supported on a stationary bearing and is operated as the revolvers rotate by
means of racks or other gearing so as to act upon the formers and cause each in its
turn to slide along its rod or stem into and out of position for action as required,
the formers being provided with projections which are below or above the opposite
extremities of the rocking lever or "placer" according as the formers are in or out
of action.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MEANS FOR FASTENING PAPER AND OTHER LEAVES IN COVERS, ALSO APPLICABLE AS A PAPER FASTENER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Percy Child at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1879.
SIDNEY PERCY CHILD, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MEANS FOR FASTENING PAPER AND OTHER LEAVES IN
COVERS, ALSO APPLICABLE AS A PAPER FASTENER."
I place a flat metallic or other stiff piece inside the back of a cover, say intended
for a memorandum book, and to the inside of this plate or piece I rivet or otherwise
fasten or form two or more metallic loops or eyes; the leaves or tablets to be
bound or fastened in the cover are pierced with holes corresponding to the said eyes
and placed thereon; I then insert a pin through the eyes and thus hold the leaves
in place; when the leaves have been used or written ou they may be replaced by
fresh ones by taking out the pin. As applied to paper fastening purposes, I use a
small flat plate with an eye or pin, or I may use a long plate with two or more
eyes and a pin or pins.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING SCREWS OR OTHER ROUND ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th June 1879. A communication
from abroad by Otto Bourset and Eduard Weiler, both of Berlin, in the
Empire of Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING SCREWS OR OTHER ROUND ARTICLES." A com-
munication from abroad by Otto Bourset and Eduard Weiler, both of Berlin, in the
Empire of Germany.
The Invention consists in a machine for simultaneously cutting or manufacturing
several screws or other round articles, also in the construction of a cutter head
capable of being turned on its axis, and allowing the alternative action of the
cutters for turning the ends, and those for cutting the spindles to the required
lengths, as well as the application of several successively attached sets of cutting
tools when required. Also in the construction of the screw cutting tool which can
be detached from the respective holder when required to set the machine for
different sorts of screws, and in the arrangement which allows the cutting steel a
certain play if the motion of the spindle is irregular or eccentric. The motion of
the screw spindles is derived from a common shaft carrying a spur wheel which
gears into as inany spur wheels as there are screw spindles, said spur wheels being
placed at equal distances around the driving wheel and set upon the hollow
spindles or chucks in which the screw spindles are held. On the movable slide or
sledge of the machine is fixed a stand forming a guide for the screw spindles, and
carrying the cutter head for turning the ends of the spindle and cutting them to
the required length, the two operations being performed by two sets of adjustable
chisels or cutters, one placed radial, the other tangential to the cutter head. The
apparatus for cutting the screws is also placed on the sledge of the machine, but so
that it may either be moved with the latter or independantly therefrom. Each of the
screw cutting tools is held by three or more springs, and prevented from turning by
projections of a sleeve attached to one end of a shaft which carries at the other end a
brake pulley provided with a brake band, which is with one end attached to a fixed
pin and with the other end held by a pin attached to a movable disc, so that by
turning the latter, all brakes may be simultaneously set in or out of action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES, DOORS AND DOORFRAMES, APPLICABLE ALSO IN ANALOGOUS CASES WHERE A TIGHT CLOSURE IS REQUIRED
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1879. A com-
munication from abroad by Pierre Sury, of Paris, France.
"
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW SASHES AND
FRAMES, DOORS AND DOORFRAMES, APPLICABLE ALSO IN ANALOGOUS CASES WHERE A
TIGHT CLOSURE IS REQUIRED." [A communication from abroad by Pierre Sury, of
Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to the application of metallic strips of flat L shaped or
other form in cross section to the meeting edges or joints of casement and sliding
window sashes, and window frames, doors, and door frames, applicable also in other
cases where a tight joint is required, whether for houses or other structures.
The following are the principal advantages to be derived from the improve-
ments 1st. The doors, window sashes, and frames are strengthened and rendered
more rigid. 2nd. The rigidity of the meeting edges and their close contact one
with the other prevents all wear at these points, and avoids the constant swelling
due to atmospheric changes and the entrance of wet. 3rd. The perfect contact of
the surfaces renders it impossible for either air or water to penetrate to the interior,
and ensures the running off of condensed vapors.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings represent respectively a vertical
and horizontal section of this improved system of construction as applied to a case-
ment window. Figure 3 is an outside view of the entire window. c is a strip of
angle iron screwed along the outer edges of the stile m, and along the underside of
the bottom rail t, which strengthens the sash considerably, and prevents sagging.
The flat strip a produces a similar effect, but to a lesser extent. The surfaces of
the strips a and c being slightly bevelled facilitate the opening and closing of the
casement, and prevent all swelling of the wood, thereby avoiding the necessity of
casing at the joints. Moreover the said strips, when applied to the hinged or
movable frames or parts so as to overlap or rest upon those fixed to the outer or
fixed frames, prevent all sagging of the movable frames, at same time ensuring a
perfect wind and water tight joint, as rain or other water driving through between
the sash and frame is arrested by the angle iron c at point b, Figure 1, down
which it is obliged to run into the gutter m, and out again through outlett holes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRIMMING QUICK-SET HEDGES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Boyer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1879.
FRANÇOIS BOYER, Mécanicien, à Brocssac-les-Mines (Puy-de-Dame), France.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRIMMING QUICK-SET HEDGES."
The trimming of hedges enclosing parks, railways, and so forth, which is done
annually, requires, long and costly manual labour when done with band shears
besides leaving something to be desired in the regularity, and the object of this
Invention is to satisfy this want.
The Invention is carried out by the simultaneous movement of three series of
knives actuated by a single lever worked by two men placed one on each side of
the hedge.
The machine is constructed as follows:-A horizontal platform supports the
actuating lever and the horizontal series of knives for trimming the top of the
hedge. This platform is placed on top of the hedge and supports two vertical
frames, on which are carried the other two series of knives.
Each series of knives is composed of a fixed frame carrying the counter blades
and a bar uniting all the movement levers of each operating blade; this said bar
is actuated by the general lever as follows:-
The general lever has at one extremity a double handle by which it is actuated
in a horizontal direction by the two operators placed one on either side of the
hedge, and gives a horizontal movement to the bar which is attached to it, and
which works the operating blades across the counter blades, and thus all the
projecting shoots, sprigs, and irregularities are cut off. The machine can be easily
advanced by being slid along the top of the hedge by the two operators.
For the vertical series of knives the same movements are obtained as follows:-
A support which bears at its upper end a transverse lever is fixed to the platform;
the said transverse lever is composed of a straight bar and a piece forming with it
a triangle of which the apex receives the movement from the general lever, and
transmits the same to both ends of the straight bar of this lever; each end is
attached to the movable bars of the vertical knives and gives to them the move-
ment already described for the horizontal knives.