A NEW FILTERING APPARATUS
Year: 1825

page_text: A. H. & E. CHAMBERS & JEARRARD'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ABRAHAM
HENRY CHAMBERS, of Stratford Place, in the Parish of St. Marylebone, in
the County of Middlesex, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifth day of March, in the sixth year of His reign, did, for
Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Abraham
Henry Chambers, and to ENNIS CHAMBERS, of, Stratford Place aforesaid, and,
to CHARLES JEABBARD, of Adam Street, Manchester Square, in the Parish of
St. Marylebone, and County of Middlesex, Esquires, His especial licence that
we, the said Abraham Henry Chambers, Ennis Chambers, and Charles
Jearrard, our exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Abraham Henry Chambers, Ennis Chambers, and Charles Jearrard, our exors,
admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "A NEW FILTERING
APPARATUS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging
us, the said Abraham Henry Chambers, Ennis Chambers, and Charles Jearrard,
or one of us, by an instrument in writing under our or one of our hands and
seals, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to bo
inrolled in Ilis said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Abraham Henry Chambers, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
to consist in an apparatus for causing water, when it is to be filtered, to pass
upward through a filtering bed, or the materials which are to filter it, instead
of downwards, as is usually the case, and for causing such passage upwards of
the water to be effected by its own specific gravity and its natural inclination
to regain that level from which a part of the said apparatus for a time diverts
it. And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Abraham
Henry Chambers, do hereby describe the manner in which I perform our said
Invention by the following description thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings annexed, and Figures marked thereon; that is to say :-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The Drawing marked No. 1 is a perspective view of our said filtering
apparatus. L, L, is a leaden or other cistern divided into two compartments
M and N by the division G, which division should be water-tight equally with
the cistern. B is a service or feed pipe with an ordinary ball cock. A repre-
sents the foul water supposed to have been admitted by means of the aforesaid
ball and cock. C is a small pipe leading from the bottom of the compart-
ment M which contains the foul water A, and thence leading downwards to
the box or chamber D, which chamber is furnished with a cock E, for the
purpose of occasionally drawing off the contents of the chamber, as will be
hereafter more particularly explained. F is a large pipe or case leading
upwards from the box or chamber D to the bottom of the compartment N
and opening into it. This pipe is supposed to be filled with proper filtering
materials. And here it should be observed, that the material which I have
found to answer best for this purpose is what I call Pozzalane, and for which
material I have obtained His said Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing
date the Fifteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and twenty-four, but sand, cinders, or other the like substances,
not soluble in water, would answer the purpose. f.f, are two plates or ends
to the said large pipe or case, perforated with holes to admit the passage of
the water and retain the pozzolane in its place, as will be hereafter described.
His that portion of the water which has been filtered, rising to a level with
that portion A which has not been filtered, and I is a cock for the purpose of
drawing off the filtered water for use. Now, it is evident that if foul water,
as at A, be admitted into the compartment M of the cistern L, it will run down
the small pipe C into the box D, and thence from the pressure of the column
of water above it will rise upwards through the pozzolane in the large pipe or

page_text: :
case F into the compartment N of the cistern L, where it will of course con-
tinue to rise till the water in each compartment shall have attained the same
level, and this level, if the cistern be properly fed during the process, will be
about that shewn by the Drawing, but if not, of course the foul water will
sink into the compartment M as the filtered water rises in the compartment :
N till they attain the same level, and then of course the process of filtration
will cease till some portion of the filtered water be drawn off from N or more
foul water be admitted into M. During the process before described it will be
found that the fecule and other matter from the foul water will deposit itself'
in the box or chamber D, whence it must occasionally be drawn off by means
of the cock E. This chamber may also be furnished with a door or other
contrivance, in large machines, for the purpose of clearing away the deposits
which will from time to time collect there during the process of filtration.
Now whereas it is obvious that our said Invention is capable of being >
applied in various ways and under various modifications, in proof whereof we
have hereunto also annexed a Drawing marked No. 2, in order to shew the
manner of applying our said Invention to filter water in an ordinary water
butt, and also a Drawing marked No. 3, shewing how our said Invention may
be applied to filtering river water in its course. And, first, of the Drawing
marked No. 2. In this Drawing A is foul water in an ordinary water butt.
F is a cylinder or case furnished with two perforated plates f,f, as before
described, between which plates a quantity of pozzolane or other filtering
material is confined, and the upper part of which cylinder or case forms
the receptacle for the filtered water. G, G, is an open frame on which the
said cylinder stands; by placing the frame at the bottom of a water butt or
other tank, and placing the cylinder upon it, the same effect will be produced
as by the apparatus represented by the Drawing marked No. 1.
And now of the Drawing marked No. 3. This Drawing represents the
application of our said Invention for the purpose of filtering the water of a.
river in its course, and shews a section of the bed of a river. A is the stream
or current, interrupted in its course by the dam B, and turned down the shaft C
in the direction of the arrow; thence the water passes under the arches D, D,
and passes upwards through the pozzolane F or other filtering materials, which
rest on the gratings G, G, into the bed of the river again at the opposite side
of the dam to that at which it was turned down the shaft C. By this arrange-
ment I will be seen that all the water at what would be called the lower side
of the dam B would be filtered water, while the deposits under the arches D, D,
might occasionally be cleared away by means of the sluice E.
Now, whereas we claim as our Invention the filtering of water upwards

page_text: through any proper filtering medium, by means of an apparatus which causes
such filtration upwards to be effected by the specific gravity of the water to
be filtered, and its natural tendency to regain a level from which the said
apparatus must for a time divert it. And such an apparatus as aforesaid, and
as is described by the Drawings marked No. 1, as also such modifications of
the same as are described by the Drawings marked No. 2 and 3, being to the
best of our knowledge and belief entirely new, and never before used within
that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, His said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be our Specification of our said apparatus,
and that I do verily believe this our said Specification doth comply in all
respects, fully and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore we do hereby
claim to maintain exclusive right and priviledge to our said Invention. ⚫
In witness whereof, I, the said Abraham Henry Chambers, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twento-fise
ABH (L.B.) CHAMBERS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1825, the aforesaid Abraham Henry Chambers came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specifiod,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped.
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.