IMPROVE- MENTS IN ENGINES WADEED DE SERAN AID OF FLUIDS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Willian Huntley, of Ruswarp, near Whitby,
in the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ENGINES WADEED DE SERAN AID OF FLUIDS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Huntley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd July 1859.
I, WILLIAM HUNTLEY, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY STEAM, AIR,
OR FLUIDS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the construction of the mechanism
connected with the valves of engines for the purposes of varying the
extent of the opening of the steam, &c.; port for admitting the steam,
&c. to the cylinder at the termination or commencement of the stroke
of the piston (technically termed "lead"); cutting off the steam at that
part of the stroke requisite for the work the engine has to perform,
preventing the admission of steam to the cylinders, and the ingress of air

page_text: through the exhaust port; admitting the steam to the cylinders to stop
the engine and prevent it from running in a contrary direction; or
regulating the working slides or valves by the engine governor to cut
off the steam at any part of the stroke necessary for the regularity of
the speed of the engine. The steam, &c., being in all cases, when
admitted to the cylinders, of the same elasticity as that in the
boiler. These objects I can obtain by means of such mechanical
arrangements as the following, viz.: For each cylinder on the
main or other shaft of the engine is provided a valve regulator,
which valve regulator is a circular body fitted with slide bearings,
which cause the said regulator to slide or work on guides or bars
fixed to the same shaft; and there is an excentric attached to the
same shaft with said regulator to be acted on by the blocks or slides
on the straps of the eccentric. The guides or bars are placed equi-
distant from the centre of the regulator. There is a rod for trans-
mitting motion from the regulator to the rectifying lever, which is
à double lever with a curved groove from end to end of radius equal in
length to the slide or valve rod, which slide or valve rod is fitted with
a block at one end to move freely in the curved groove of the double
lever; the other end is connected to the slide or valve spindle to give
motion to the slides or valves. There are handles provided by which
the action of the valves may be stopped or slackened or reversed, as
required, by means of the above mechanism. But when the above
mechanism is applied to an engine having a governor (by gearing con-
necting it therewith) it is actuated by the governor and not by any
handle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the-said William Huntley in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 21st January 1854...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM HUNTLEY, of Ruswarp, near Whitby, in the County of York,.
Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by.. Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-;
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs. and "successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Huntley, Her special licence.
that I, the said William Huntley, my executors, administrators, and.
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Huntley, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,"
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the terin therein.
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES
TO BE WORKED BY STEAM, AIR, OR FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that 1, the said William Huntley, by an instruinent in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
he performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Huntley, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
The nature of my Invention, as set forth in my Provisional Speci-
fication, filed in the Great Seal Patent Office on the said Twenty-
third day of July, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, consists
in the construction of the mechanism connected with the valves of
engines for the purposes of varying the extent of the opening of the
port for the admission of steam, air, or fluids into the cylinder at the
termination or commencement of the stroke of the piston (techni-
cally termed lead or advance); cutting off the steam, air, or fluids at
that part of the stroke requisite for the work the engine has to perform;
preventing the admission of steam, air, or fluids to the cylinders, and the
ingress of air through the exhaust ports; also admitting steam, air, or
fluids into the cylinders to stop the engine and to prevent it from

page_text: running in a contrary direction; or regulating the working slides or
valves by the engine governor; cutting of the steam, air, or fluids at
any part of the stroke necessary for the regularity of the speed of the
engine. The steam, air, or fluids being in all cases, when admitted to
the cylinders, of the same elasticity or pressure as that in the boiler or
reservoir, excepting when gentle retarding is required. These objects
I can attain by means of such mechanical arrangements as the follow-
ing, viz. For cach cylinder on the main or other shaft of the engine is
provided a valve regulator, which valve regulator is a circular body
fitted with slide bearings, which cause the said regulator to slide or
work on guides or bars fitted on the same shaft; and there is an
eccentric firmly attached to same shaft with said regulator, and two
cross bars or guides are on the opposite side of the said regulator
to be acted on by the blocks or slides on the straps of the eccentric.
The guides or bars are placed equidistant from the centre of the regu-
lator. There is a rod for transmitting motion from the regulator to the
rectifying lover, which is a double lever, with a curved groove from end'
to end of radius equal in length to the slide or valve rod, which slide
or valve rod is fitted with a block at one end to move freely in the
curved groove of the double lever; the other end is connected to a slide
or valve spindle to give motion to the slide or valve. Handles or hand
gearing to be provided, by which the action of the valves may be
stopped or slackened or reversed, as required, by means of the above
mechanisin. But when the above mechanism is applied to an engine
having a governor (by gearing connecting it therewith) it may be
actuated by the governor, and not by any handle or hand gearing.
And for the better exemplification of the nature of my said Tuvention,
and particularly as to what manner the same is to be performed, I have
hereto annexed a Sheet of illustrative Drawings, which I now proceed
to describe by the words, figures, and letters following, that is to say:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Drawing No 1 Fig. 1, side view, partly in section, of the part of
an engine (with horizontal cylinder) affected by this Invention. Fig 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, detail views. In all these Figures the same letters of

page_text: reference wherever they appear denote the same parts. To cach
cylinder of the engine on the main shaft A, there is a valve regulator
B, which valve regulator is a body of circular character fitted with slide
bearings C, (see Fig 2, and 3,) which cause the said regulator to slide
or work on guides or bars E, E, fitted on the same shaft; 'and there is
fixed on this shaft an eccentric 6, (see Fig. 1.) The said regulator
has two cross bars or guides D), (see Fig 2, and 8,) on the opposite
side thereof to be acted on by the blocks or slides F, (see Fig. 1,) on
the straps G, of the eccentric (G). The guides or bars (C, and D.)
respectively) are equidistant from the centre of the regulator B. There
is a rod I, (see Fig. 1.) for transmitting motion from the said regulator
attached to said regulator with straps in similar manner to a common
eccentric rod which transmits motion from the said regulator to the
rectifying lever K, which is a double lever with a curved groove from
end to end of radius equal in length to the slide or valve rod L, which
slide or valve rod is fitted with a block M, at one end to move freely in
the said curved groove of the rectifying lever K; the other end of the
said rod (L) is connected to the slide or valve spindle N, to give
motion to the slides or valves of the cylinder O. In engines not
required to retrograde the rectifying double lever may be superseded by
a single lever.
Drawing No 2.-Fig. 1, shews this Invention applied to an engine
with vertical cylinder, and the regulator worked by the governor of
the engine. Fig 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, detail views. The same letters of
reference are adopted in this Drawing as appear in Drawing N° 1,
wherever the same parts occur as are to be found in said Drawing
No 1; the principal points of difference between the arrangement
shewn in this Drawing and that exhibited at N 1, being that
instead of the regulator and the parts thereto belonging being placed
on the main shaft A, as in Drawing No 1, it is here shewn placed on
a second shaft (see , Fig 1, and 6), which second shaft carries the
toothed wheel gearing with and receiving motion from a corre-
sponding wheel m, fixed on the main shaft A; this toothed wheel (,
works the eccentric, being connected therewith iu manner shewn in
section at Fig. 6. This second shaft k, has a sector n, affixed to it, which

page_text: gears with a thread or worm O, on the shaft Ox, which is driven by
bevelled gearing from the governor spindle in the ordinary manner, as
shewn in the Drawing, the said governor being in all respects similar
to governors in use, and the spindle thereof being driven from the
main shaft A, by the gearing which gives motion to the shaft p. It
will be seen that there is a loose tooth g, jointed to the said sector, and
provided with a spring or weight for the purposes hereafter set forth.
To work an engine with this Invention applied thereto. In the case
of the arrangement, shewn by Drawing No 1.-Supposing the engine
to be a locomotive, the position shewn by the Drawing is that of the
supposed best starting point, the regulator lever R*, being at 'I, and
the slide rod L, being at 1, on the rectifying lever K, will reinain.
so till the engine is set in motion by the steam being admitted to the
cylinder at the commencement of the stroke of the piston, and steam
port full open, at about six per cent. of the stroke of the piston, and
cut off at about ninety-four per cent. of the stroke of the piston; the
slides or valves are to be adjusted to give more "lead" or "advance"
without altering the travel of the slides or valves; therefore by shifting
the regulator lever R*, from 1 to 2 (dotted lines) and the slide rod. L..
from 1 to 2 (dotted lines) on the rectifying lever K, and should
more lead" or "advance" be required keep moving from 2 to 3,.
and so on to 6, at both levers; at this point the steam is admitted
to the cylinder at about ninety-five per cent. of the stroke of thic
piston, and the steam port nearly full open at the commencement of
the stroke of the piston, cutting off the steam at about eighty-four
cent. of the stroke, which gives about the greatest degree of "lead"
or advance practicable. In order to have more expansion, let the
regulator lever *, be removed from 6 to 8 (dotted lines), the slide
or valve rod L, remaining at 6, on rectifying lever K, the steami port
will begin to open at about ninety per cent. of the stroke of the
pistou, and will be nearly full open at the commencement of the stroke
of the piston, cutting off the steam at about seventy per cent. of the.
stroke of the piston. Now let the regulator lever R, be removed
from 8 to 10, and the "lead" or "advance" will be about one t
eighth of an inch, and, will remain nearly so until cut off at about

page_text: fifteen or twenty per cent. of the stroke of the piston, thus giving
about the greatest degree of expansion practicable; then remove the
regulator lever R*, to L*; the steam will thus be shut off fromí
both ends of the cylinder or cylinders, or, what will be equivalent,
reniove the slide or valve rod L, to the centre of the rectifying lever K,
the slides or valves always acting as a shut off valve, but with more
safety, to prevent the engine from getting into motion, and this also
prevents the ingress of air and deleterious matter into cylinder through
the exhaust port. To make the engine move in the contrary direction
the regulator lever 1, and the slide or valve rod I, will both have to
be managed in a similar way on the dotted lines a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j,
beginning with., in the same manner as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
Handles or hand gear are to be connected to the regulator lever R*;
at the point where '1 is placed, and also on the slide rod L.
For stopping or holding the engine. Supposing the regulator lever
R*, be at any of the angles' 1, 2, 8, and the valve rod L, at any of
the angles 1, 2, 3, on the rectifying lever K, let the regulator lever R*,
be brought to about '10, and the valve rod L, removed to f, on the
rectifying lever K, the steam will be admitted into the cylinder before
the termination of the stroke, when the piston and steam will go in the
same direction for about five per cent. of the stroke of the piston,
charging the cylinder with steam to act in opposition to the piston for
about eighty per cent. of the stroke of the piston, thus producing holding
power more than equal to the propelling power of the engine. To stop
the engine when going in-the contrary direction, make the contrary
angles with the regulator lever and valve rod. Whatever number of
cylinders an engine may have, it requires the sanic number of eccen-
trics and regulators, except when two or more cylinders are acting
simultaneously; then only one eccentric and regulator are required
either for going direct or to retrograde.
.
With regard to Drawing No 2, the effects produced by the hand
gearing may be superseded by the action of the governor by the
arrangement shewn (although hand gearing may be applied to the
same arrangement, and this governor arrangement may be applied to
the arrangement shewn by N° 1, Drawing: the operation of the

page_text: governor being this, that when the sector n, is driven by the thread or
worm O, then it works the sector on until it comes to the loose tooth q,
where it puts itself out of gear (the whole power being then applied),
and remains so until the contrary motion is communicated to the
shaft O, by, the rising of the governor, when the worm is brought into
gear by the loose tooth, giving space for the thread to enter and gear
with the sector, which it is obvious operates to adjust the slides for
the regularity of the speed of the engine.
Having now described the nature of iny said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declaro that what I claim in
respect thereof is as follows:-
1. The use and adaptation of the slide or valve regulator and the
rectifying lever.
2. The use and adaptation of the governor of the engine to regulate
the slides or valves, as set forth.
3. The application of steam, air, or fluids to the cylinder or cylinders
of engines to act on the piston or pistons to retard, stop, and hold the
engine or engines, as before described.
4. Preventing the ingress of air and any deleterious matter into the
cylinder or cylinders through the exhaust ports when the engine is in
motion and the steam shut off as before described.
In witness whereof, T, the said William Huntley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
WILL HUNTLEY. (L.S.)
g
Signed and sealed in my presence,
F. W. CAMPIN, Patent Agent,
156, Strand.