IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING, ALSO FOR BOTTLING AERATED LIQUIDS. AND IN THE PREPARATION OR STORING SALTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL MINERAL WATERS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Knight, of Foster Lane, Cheapside, in the
City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR REFRIGERATING, ALSO FOR BOTTLING AERATED LIQUIDS. AND IN THE
PREPARATION OR STORING SALTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL MINERAL
WATERS."
Sealed the 9th November 1958, and dated the 12th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Knight at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
May 1858.
I, RICHARD KNIGHT, of Foster Lane, Cheapside, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA
RATUS FOR REFRIGERATING, ALSO FOR BOTTLING AERATED LIQUIDS, AND IN THE
PREPARATION OR STORING SALTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL MINERAL
WATERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for re-
frigerating,also for bottling aerated liquids,and in the preparation or storing
salts for the production of artificial mineral waters. The apparatus for re-
frigerating is formed of a metal vessel of the desired shape, havingan external
cover, and in the space between the vessel and the external cover is a bag or
fabric of flannel, felt, or other suitable material. Fixed around the loweredges
of the inner vessel, and against the surface of the external cover, is fixed a
Price 1

page_text: lining of felt, flannel, or other suitable fabric. Between the inner surface of
the bag and the outer surface of the inner vessel is placed ice. This apparatus,
in addition to being applicable for other uses, is peculiarly applicable for
covering vessels such as are described in the Specification of my former
Patent for producing and containing aerated liquids.
The apparatus for bottling aerated liquids consists of a moveable stand or
block to receive a bottle, which stand or block is fixed to the upper end of a
rod which is guided in its passage through a table or bench; this rod andstand
or block is acted on' by the foot of the person using the apparatus. Above the
block or stand for the bottle is fixed a socket, through which the corks are
forced into the bottles; this socket is of such length as to receive a corkabove
a lateral opening which is in connection, by apipe and stop-cock, with the vessel
in which the acrated liquid is prepared. The coiks are forced through the
socket and into the bottles by means of a rain or forcer at the end of a bar,
which moves vertically in guides fixed to an upright frame on the table or
bench, and such bar receives its motion by means of a lever handle which
moves on an axis at one end, the lever intermediate of its length being
attached by a link to the sliding bar or ram. In using this apparatus, a bottle
is placed under the socket; and pressed up thereto by the foot of the person;
a cork is introduced and pressed into the upper part of the socket, but not so
far down as to cover the lateral opening; the stop-cock is opened, the
aerated liquid is allowed to flow into the bottle and to fill it, the atmospheric
air in the bottle being allowed to escape by a quick action of the foot slightly
releasing the contact of the neck of the bottle from the under part of the
socket before forcing the cork into the neck of the bottle.
In order to convert aerated water into artificial mineral waters, the con-
stituent salts,in the exact proportions required for a given measure of water,
are mixed together and stored in small glass tubes or vessels, which are closed
at their outer ends by corks, or otherwise, so as to keep them dry. The salts
for the preparation of the various known mineral waters in an artificial
manner are well known when dissolving them under pressure in aerated
"water. 1, however, produce any of the artificial mineral waters by placing
such salts into an open glass or vessel, and draw on to them aerated water,
the salts being prepared so as to "dissolve clear, and they are mixed and
kept closed from the air till about to be used, as above explained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Knight, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,' RICHARD
KNIGUT, of Foster Lane, Cheapside, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Knight, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Knight, my executors, administrators, and assigns,or such others as I, the
said Richard Kuight, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland; the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING, ALSO OF BOTTLING AERATED LIQUIDS, AND
IN THE PREPARATION OR STORING SALTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL MINERAL
WATERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard
Knight, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months.next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
'NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Knight, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manuer the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Inventionhasfor its object improvements inapparatus for refrigerating,
also for bottling aerated liquids, and in the preparation or storing salts for the
production of artificial mineral waters. The apparatus for reftigerating is
formed of a metal vessel of the desired shape, having an external cover, and
in the space between the vessel and the external cover is a bag or fabric of
flannel, felt, or other suitable material. Fixed around the lower edges of the
inner vessel, and against the surface of the external cover, is fixed a lining of
felt, flannel, or other suitable fabric. Between the inuer surface of the bag
and'the outer surface of the inner vessel is placed ice. This apparatus, in

page_text: addition to being applicable for other uses,is peculiarlyapplicable for covering
vessels such as are described in the Specification of my former l'atent for
producing and containing aerated liquids.
The apparatus for bottling aerated liquids consists of a moveable stand or
block to receive a bottle, which stand or block is fixed to the upper end of a
rod, which is guided in its passage through a table or bench; this rod and
stand or block is acted on by the foot of the person using the apparatus. Above
the block or stand for the bottle is fixed a socket, through which the corks are
forced into the bottles; this socket is of such length as to receive a cork above
a lateral opening which is in connection, by a pipe and stop-cock, with the
vessel in which the aerated liquid is prepared. The corks are forced through
the socket and into the bottles by means of a ram or forcer at the end of a bar
which moves vertically in guides fixed to an upright frame on the table or
bench, and such bar receives its motion by means of a lever handle which
moves on an axis at one end, the lever intermediate of its length being
attached by a link to the sliding bar or ram. In using this apparatus,a bottle
is placed under the socket and pressed up thereto by the foot of the person, a
cork is introduced and pressed into the upper part of the socket, but no so
far down as to cover the lateral opening; the stop-cock is opened, the aerated
liquid is allowed to flow into the bottle and to fill it, the atmospheric air in the
bottle being allowed to escape by a quick action of the foot slightly releasing
the contact of the neck of the bottle from the under part of the socket beforc
forcing the cork into the neck of the bottle.
In order to convert aerated water into artificial mineral waters, the con-
stituent salts, in the exact proportions required for a given measure of water,
are mixed together and stored in small glass tubes or vessels, which are closed
at their outer ends by corks, or otherwise, so as to keep them dry. The salts
for the preparation of the various known mineral waters in an artificial
manner arewell knownwhen dissolving them under pressure in aerated water.
I, however, produce any of the artificial mineral waters by placing such salts
into an open glass or vessel, and draw on to them aerated water, the salts
being prepared so as to dissolve clear, and they are mixed and kept closed
from the air till about to be used, as above explained.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.

page_text: the Drawing shews only one shape of the apparatus, but the form or shape of
the refrigerating apparatus made according to my Invention may be greatly
varied, depending on the nature of the article or articles to be inclosed therein.
,, is the external vessel, made of zinc or other suitable material; this vessel
is shewn to be of a cylindrical form, but, as above stated, the form may be
varied; b, b. is an internal vessel closed in at top, as shewn, and it is in this
chamber that the articles that are to be cooled are placed, and therefore the
form and dimensions of this interior chamber are usually made by me with
reference to the particular articles to be cooled. These combined vessels a
and bin some cases are arranged in a suitable manner to combine with a
stand, such as e and d, to enlarge and heighten the capacity of the chamberb.
On the exterior of the vessel is applied the cover e, which is by proference
made of perforated zinc, and the same is clothed or covered, both internally
and externally, with felt or other fabric of wool, and the upper part of this
cover or vessel e has a lid e', which closes the opening at the upper part of the
cover or vessel e, and such lid e' is covered with felt or fabric of wool, and by
preference the lid is made of perforated zinc. The lower edge of the vessel
is made thin, and its section is of a wedge-like form, so that it may enter a
groove of felt formed in the hollow surrounding space of the lower vessel cor
d, and the bottom as well as the sides of the vessel d, on which the article to
be cooled is placed, is made double, and filled with felt orother non-conductor
of heat. In using this apparatus, ice is placed in the space between the outer
surface of the vessel 6 and the inner surface of the cover or vessele; the lid c¹
is then to be put on. I would state in respect to this apparatus that I do not
claim the separate parts, but the combination thereof, as herein described.
Figure 2 shews a perspective view of my bottling apparatus. is a table;
is a stand or block fixed on the upper end of a rod h, the lower end of which
is attached to a lever, which by a commecting rod i is put in motion by a
treadle. The bottle to be filled is placed on the stand or block, and its neck
is raised into a socket k, into which the supply cock enters just above. where
the neck of the bottle is raised to and below where the cork comes before it is
driven into the bottle. This socket and supply cock are similar to what have
before been used when bottling acrated liquids. is the forcer at the end of
the bar m, which slides in guides n, n, as shewn. Motion is communicated to
the bar by means of the lever handle o, which is connected, as shewn, by
means of a link p to the bar. In regard to this part of my Invention, I would
state that I do not claim the separate mechanical parts, but the combination
thereof, as herein described.
It is highly desirable to be able at any time to convert aerated water into a

page_text: mineral water, and part of my Invention consists in storing the proper pre-
parations of salts for this purpose in proper quantities for definite measures of
aerated water, and I do this by employing glass tubes, each closed at one end,
the other end, when the tube is filled, is closed by a cork or other suitable
stopper. The aerated water for this purpose should be fully charged with
pure carbonic acid gas. The glass tubes, when made to contain several
measures of a suitable combination of salts for a particular mineral water, are
marked or graduated to shew the proper quantities of salts for a half pint, a
piat, a quart, or other determined measure of aerated water.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Knight. have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
RICHARD KNIGHT. (..s.)