IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL GENERATORS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Carl Glaser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1883. Communicated
to him by Alphonse Isidore Gravier and Messieurs Kuksz Luedtke and
Grether, all of Warsaw in Poland, Empire of Russia.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire
of Germany, Engineer and Patent Solicitor "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL
GENERATORS." [Communicated to him by Alphonse Isidore Gravier and Messieurs
Kuksz Luedtke and Grether, all of Warsaw in Poland, Empire of Russia]
The present improvements relate mainly to the construction or building up of
armatures for electrical generators of all kinds, whether they are in the form of
rings or cylinders, discs, or drums, but the invention is also applicable to the
construction of the inducing or field magnets of electrical machines. Usually
armatures are wound with coils of insulated wire, and the great difficulties to be
overcome in obtaining a truly cylindrical, thoroughly insulated and perfectly
balanced armature of this construction are well known.
In order to avoid these difficulties and realize the advantages above referred to,
the following method is adopted.
If the armature is to be of cylindrical form, a hollow metal cylinder (preferably
copper) of suitable length and thickness, is severed by a series of radial cuts into a
suitable number of wedge-shaped or segmental pieces of equal size.
These wedge shaped or segmental pieces are each cut, grooved, or slotted
longitudinally, so that they each assume a ☐ shape, the cross section of the
short radial portion being equal in area to that of each of the longitudinal portions.
These shaped segments are then built up in a circle or ring by sliding them
on to an iron ring or cylinder forming the armature core, and they are secured in
place upon the said core by end pieces which connect the end of the outer longi-
tudinal part of one segmental piece with the end of the inner longitudinal part of
the adjacent segmental piece, the said connecting end pieces, when in place, uniting
the segments, which are otherwise insulated from each other in a continuous spiral
or metallic channel of uniform area around the inner core. The end pieces may be
united to the longitudinal parts of the wedge shaped segments by soldering,
rivetting, screwing or otherwise.

page_text: The complete ring or cylindrical armature thus obtained is then put in a lathe,
to turn down any slight irregularities produced during the mounting or building up
of its parts, and the whole is then bound together by a strap or band.
A certain number of segments thus spirally or continuously coupled are to be
connected with the collector in the usual manner by radial metal strips or rods.
If the armature is to be of disc shape, an annular recess is turned in the
periphery of a disc of copper or other metal, the outer part of the said recess being
wider than the inner part, and the cross sections of each of the two side flanges
being equal in area to that of the cross section of the solid inner part of the disc.
The disc thus grooved will be divided as before by radial cuts into the desired
number of segmental pieces. The outer ends of the several segments are notched
to receive connecting pieces, by which the one end of one segmental piece may be
united or coupled to the other end of the adjacent segmental piece.
The several segmental pieces are insulated by layers of suitable material, and
being arranged in a perfect ring or disc, are secured in position by clamping them
between two other metal discs suitably insulated from the said segmental pieces.
The tapering channel is then filled with annealed and suitably insulated iron
wire or ribbon to form a core, after which the several segmental pieces are coupled
by oblique connections as above explained, having the same area in cross section as
the radial portions and solid inner part of the segmental pieces. By this means an
endless spiral of copper or other metal around an inner core, in a stratum of uniform
area, is obtained. The spirally coupled segmental pieces are connected in groups
with the collectors in the usual manner:
1.
Finally, a loop or band of separate wires, or it may be of good cord, is bound
around the outer periphery of the disc.
In like manner, drum armatures may be constructed.
Instead of forming the several shaped or segmental pieces by radially
dividing a ring or cylinder and grooving or slotting it as above described, the said
pieces may be formed by casting, turning, cutting, or stamping, the principle of
construction being in no way altered.
The several parts or pieces for the improved armatures above described may be
also produced by casting or the electro type process, suitable insulating pieces or
cores being used.-In this way an endless spiral is obtained, and one in which
there is no interuption of continuity, and which merely requires to be connected
with the plates of the collectors in the ordinary way.
These two latter methods are also applicable to the construction of the inducing
or field magnets.