Year: 1899

page_text: I, EMILE GUARINI, of 11 Rue du Parlement, Liege, in the Kingdom of Bel-
gium, Student. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what man-
her the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to relays applicable to wireless telegraphy, which are
capable, like ordinary telegraphic relays, of repeating the signals and trans-
mitting them with fresh intensity to the following, station: each one of these
relays is therefore a repeater.
The apparatus must be placed between the two stations it is to serve; it will
receive weak radiations and will be capable of instantly transmitting others, of
the same duration naturally, but of great intensity and capable of acting on and
operating the apparatus or station following.
In the drawing annexed, given by way of example.
Fig. 1. Shows the connections of one of these repeaters.
The accompanying drawing gives, by way of example, one of these devices, in
which the working parts can, by means of a switch, be grouped in such a way
that the device may be utilized simply as a repeating apparatus, a repeating and
registering apparatus, a receiver, a simple transmitter, or a transmitting and
registering apparatus.
In the drawing, I is a coherer or any other imperfect contact; 2 is a battery
cell inserted in the circuit of the coherer 1, of the galvanometer 3, which shows
when the apparatus is at work, and of the relay 4 the armature of which bears
against its stop 34, when in action. 5 is the striker which de-sensitizes the
colerer, or other imperfect contact. In this striker, 35 is the armature, 37 the
stop against which the armature bears. 29 is an upright or collecting radiator-
rod 13-13 designate the oscillator: 14-15 the primary and secondary of an
induction coil; 18-18 are two earth contacts, one connected to a ball of the
oscillator 13, 13 and the other to the terminal 17 connected with the coherer 1
and also with the metallic box 9, 10, 11, 12, which contains all the sensitive
organs. Said box is provided with holes 16, 16. . .
60 as to allow
the connecting wires of the different circuits to enter and to leave the box. Gis
a pin switch composed of three plates 22, 23 and 24; a peg placed in the hole 19
causes a communication between the plates 22 and 23, or a peg, placed in the
hole 21, places the plate 22 in connection with the plate 24 and a peg placed in

page_text: the hole 20 places the plates 22, 23 and 24 in communication with one another;
is a Morse or any other suitable receiving apparatus; 8 is a contact-bar; 25 a
key, which, whilst in its normal position, bears against the stop 32 and, when
lowered, against the stop 26. 27 is a source of electric energy supplying the
necessary current to the striker 5, the Morse apparatus 7 the coil 14-15, the
electro-magnet 28 or several of these parts. 28 is a commutator electro-magnet;
the armature 31, drawn by the action of the spring 32, bears against the stop 30 and
thus establishes a circuit between the upright 29 and the coherer 1. When a current
passes through the primary wire 14 of the induction coil and, by induction, the
secondary 15, a spark is produced between the balls of the oscillator 13, 13; the
amature 31 being attracted by the coil 28, the circuit between the upright 29
and the sensitive tube 1 is broken, thus avoiding the action of the oscillator 13, 13
on the said coherer 1.
WORKING OF THE APPARATUS.
If the apparatus is to be used as a simple repeater, a peg is placed in the
hole 21 of the commutator 6. In this manner the circuit of the primary wire 14
of the induction coil, actuating the oscillator 13-13 and the striker 5, is no
longer open, except between the contact bar 33 and stop 34 of the relay 4. If an
electric wave is produced by a transmitter placed at a distance, the said wave col-
lected by the upright 29 will cause the coherer 1 to become sensitive, the circuit
of the battery 2 is closed, the needle of the galvanometer 3 deviates, thus indicating
the apparatus to be working. The relay 15, attracting the armature 33 against
the stop 34, actuates the oscillator 13-13, the commutator electro-magnet 28,
and the striker 5. Should it be desired to keep a record of the message, which
has just passed through the apparatus, all that is necessary is to place a pin in
the hole 20, instead of 21; then the Morse is only open between the pallet 33 of
the relay 4 and its stop 34. The same phenomena take place as with the simple
repeater, with only this difference that the relay 4 actuates, at the same time as
the oscillator 13-13, the striker, 5, and the commutator electro-magnet 28 the
Morse 7. The metallic box 9, 10, 11, 12 protects the coherer 1 and all the other
sensitive organs from the action of the oscillator 13-13 and the upright 29.
Should it be necessary to use the apparatus as a simple transmitter, a peg
placed in the hole 21 puts the plates 22 and 24 of the pin switch 6 into com-
munication. When the key of the manipulator 25 is pressed against the lug 26,
the current of the cell 27 is passed through the primary circuit 14 of the induc-
tion coil, setting the oscillators 13-13 in motion; the latter operates simul-
taneously with the commutator electro-magnet 28, placed in derivation on the
primary circuit of the coil. The upright 29 then no longer communicates with
the coherer 1, and acts as a radiating collector. The sparks, emitted between
the balls 13-13 of the oscillator, and the interruptions to the stop 30, last as
long as the key 25 remains shut. The striker 5 has not been able to work
because its circuit is broken between the stop 32 and the key 25, whilst the latter
is lowered on the stop 26. Neither has the coherer worked, because its connection
with the upright is broken between the plate 31 of the electro-magnet 28 and
the stop 30; finally, the Morse 7 has been unable to work, its circuit also being
interrupted between the plates 22 and 23 of the pin switch (, no contact peg
having been placed in the hole 19 or in the hole 20.
Should it be necessary to keep a copy of the message sent by the apparatus
acting as transmitter, it is only necessary to put the peg in the hole 20, instead
of in the hole 21: then the circuit of the Morse 7 is closed at the same time as
the primary wire 14 of the induction coil and the commutator 28.
If the apparatus is to be used as a receiver, it is only necessary to place the
contact pin in the hole 19 of the switch 6. A wave received by the upright 29
sensitizes the coherer 1: the circuit of the battery 2 is closed: the relay 4
operates, the Morse circuit 7 and that of the striker are also closed. The wave
is thus registered on the strip of paper contained in the Morse 7. The action of

page_text: the hammer 36 of the striker 5 on the coherer 1, de-sensitizes the latter and pre-
pares it to receive the impression of a fresh wave.
As will have been understood from the description, the repetition of the
signal, corresponding to the bar of the Morse code, is affected by a very close
succession of contacts between the armature 33 and the stop 34 and by a very
rapid succession of sparks between 13-13.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1) A repeater or automatic translator for wireless telegraphy, consisting of an
electric wave collector, which sensitizes a filings-tube or tubes, or any imperfect
contact, which closes or close the circuit of a battery actuating a relay, which,
in turn, closes the circuit of an electrical source actuating another electric wave
transmitter, the waves being projected into space by a radiator; an apparatus
actuated by current closed by the relay de-sensitizing the filings-tube or tubes,
or other imperfect contact, substantially as described and shown.
2) A method of preventing the transmitter from having any influence on the
receiver and which consists in all the sensitive organs being enclosed in a metallic
box provided with holes, through which pass the necessary connecting wires,
an interruption taking place between the coherer and the collecting upright
at the time the latter is used as a radiator, owing to the action of an electro-
magnet actuated at the same time as the transmitter, the different parts being so
disposed, that the apparatus, owing, to the action of a switch, can be used either
as a registering repeater actuating a telegraphic receiver along with the trans-
mitter, or as a simple transmitter, by substituting a telegraphic manipulator
for the relay armature; or as a registering transmitter actuating a telegraphic
receiver at the same time as the transmitter, by means of the telegraphic manipu-
lator instead of a fresh transmitter, substantially as described and shewn.
3) The combination of a sensitive filings-tube or tubes, or other imperfect
contact, closing by the action of electric waves produced at a distance, the circuit
of a local electric battery actuating a relay, which, closing the circuit of an
electric source, actuates another transmitter of electric waves, substantially as.
described and shewn.
4) The combination of a sensitive tube, tubes, or any other imperfect contact,
introduced into the circuit of a local battery and of a relay, which, attracting
its armature, closes the circuit of an electrical source, actuating the primary
wire of an induction coil, and the secondary of which actuates an oscillator, as
described and shewn.
5) The combination with the apparatus claimed in No. 4 of a device for shak-
ing the coherer, this device being actuated by the current closed by the relay,
the coherer being in communication, on one part, with an upright or collector
and, on the other part, with the earth, or other large capacity, at the same time
that the oscillator is in communication, on one hand, with a radiating collector
or upright and, on the other hand, with the earth, or other large capacity.
6) The combination of a single upright always connected to the oscillator and
which can be used as a collector or radiator, an apparatus breaking the com-
munication from the collector to the coherer when the collector acts as a radiator
for the waves of the oscillator, as shewn and described.
7) An apparatus for breaking the communication between the collector and
the coherer, consisting of an electro-magnet, which, actuated at the same time
as the induction coil, by attracting its armature, breaks this circuit as shewn
and described.
8) The combination of the above claimed parts, in such a way that owing to
the action of a switch and of a manipulator, they can be turned into a simple
transmitter, registering transmitter, receiver, siriple repeater or registering re-
peater, according to the arrangement of the various circuits as herein described.

page_text: 9) The combination of the parts hereinbefore claimed, in such a manner that
the said parts can be changed into a transmitter by introducing a manipulator,
which replaces the relay armatures, closing the circuit of the source actuating
the induction coil, as described.
10) The combination of the above claimed parts in such a way that they
can be changed into a receiver by means of the substitution of a receiver for
the primary circuit of an induction coil through the action of a switch.
11) The combination of the parts, before claimed, so that the apparatus,
whilst repeating the message, may register them at the same time, by means of
a telegraphic receiving apparatus actuated at the same time as the induction
coil, as shewn and described.
12) The combination of the above claimed parts, so that they may be used as
a registering transmitter, owing to the telegraphic receiver being actuated at
the same time as the induction coil, through the action of a telegraphic manipu-
later.
13) The combination of a metallic box, having holes pierced in it for the
admission of the necessary connexion wires and containing the sensitive parts of
a coil, of a telegraphic manipulater, of a switch and of a galvanometer intro-
duced into the circuit of the coherer, placed outside of the said box; as described
and as shewn in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 27th day of December 1899.
S. S. BROMHEAD
Patent Agent 33, Cannon St. E.C.