A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IN METALS, WOOD, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS, LETTERS, FIGURES, AND OTHER DEVICES HAVING A FLAT SURFACE PRESENTING, BY THE AID OF COLOURS, THE APPEARANCE OF PROJECTION AND DOMED LETTERS, FIGURES, AND OTHER DEVICES, MADE FROM THE SAME MATERIALS WITHOUT SEAM OR JOIN
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THEOPHILUS
JOHN NASH, of John Street, Downshire Hill, in the Parish of Hampstead,
in the County of Middlesex, Letter Maker, and JOHN Ross, of Wild Street,
Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Brass Worker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Nineteenth day of June, in the seventh year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Theophilus John Nash and John Ross, His especial licence that we, the said
Theophilus John Nash and John Ross, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Theophilus John Nash and John Ross,
our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of
"A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IN METALS, WOOD, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AND
MATERIALS, LETTERS, FIGURES, AND OTHER DEVICES HAVING A FLAT SURFACE
PRESENTING, BY THE AID OF COLOURS, THE APPEARANCE OF PROJECTION AND DOMED
LETTERS, FIGURES, AND OTHER DEVICES, MADE FROM THE SAME MATERIALS WITHOUT
SEAM OR JOIN;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso
obliging us, the said Theophilus John Nash and John Ross, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under our hands and seals, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Theophilus John Nash and John Ross, do hereby declare that the nature of
our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
is described and ascertained as follows, that is to say:
The Invention of a method of manufacturing in metals, wood, and other
substances and materials, letters, figures, and other devices having a flat sur-
face, and presenting by the aid of colours the appearance of a projection,
will be found useful and superior to the old projecting letter, figure, or device,
in the following respects:-The flat letter, figure, or device, having an appear-
ance of a projection, may be applied in decorations, in shewing names and
trades on shop fronts, names on doors, signposts, numbers on pews in
churches, tickets in shop windows, names and ornaments on ships' sterns, and
to all the purposes where letter painting can be required, and will be more.
useful than a mere painting, as the articles made under this Invention can be
removed from the substance on which they may be placed and applied to other
purposes, an advantage that a mere painting does not possess. The flat letter,
figure, or device is much lighter and more portable than the actually project-
ing letter, figure, or device. The flat letter, figure, or device can be used
for purposes in which the actually projecting letter, figure, or device would be
inconvenient, such as tickets for goods, window tablets, &c., &c. The flat
letter, figure, or device will not accumulate dust or dirt to the same extent
as the actually projecting letter, figure, or device, and may be more easily
cleaned and kept in order.
The Invention of a method of manufacturing domed letters, figures, and
other devices in metals, wood, and other substances and materials, without
a seam or joint, will be found useful for the purposes mentioned with respect
to the letters, figures, or devices with a flat surface, having the appearance of
a projection, and will be found superior to the old domed letters in the follow-
ing particulars-The domed letter, figure, or device, made without seam or
joint, will be more durable than the old domed letter, figure, or device, as the
latter is very liable to corrode and become unfastened at the points were the
seams or joints were, in consequence of the action of damp, &c. at those
particular places.

page_text: Both the domed and flat shaded letters, figures, and devices when made in
metal, and japanned according to the directions herein-after given, can be
used without injury in tropical climates.
To make the letters, figures, or devices with a flat surface, presenting, with
the aid of colours, the appearance of a projection,―
Firstly, draw the outline of the letter, figure, or device, and cut out the
same in tin, or any other metal or substance, and this will make the first
pattern.
Secondly, take the pattern and place it flat on a sheet of tin, or any other
metal, and by drawing any sharp instrument round the edges of the pattern
you get the outline marked on the surface of your material. See Diagram
marked A.
Thirdly, draw a line at the bottom of the outline, at the same distance that
you require apparent projection. If, for instance, you wish the letter, figure,
or device to appear to project one inch, the line must be drawn one inch from
the bottom. See line marked B. If it is wished that the shade should appear
to fall to the right of the letter, the line will commence one inch from the
left side. If the shadow is wished to appear to fall to the left, the rule must
be reversed. See Diagram A, and line B.
Fourthly, shift the pattern to the line drawn, and marked B, and then mark
with a sharp instrument carried along those edges of the pattern that come
beyond the outline lines, meeting those of the right side of the outline; then
remove the pattern, and carry lines according to the rules of perspective to
connect the edges of the lines drawn round the edges of the shifted pattern
with those of the outline, and form such points as may be required to com-
plete the projecting appearance (shewn by dotted lines in Diagram D), and
the pattern of a letter, figure, or device, with a flat surface and an apparent
projection is complete. Diagram C shews the situation of the first pattern

page_text: when shifted, and Diagram D the pattern of the figure given after the lines
drawn round the edges of the shifted pattern, as above described..
This pattern D is placed on tin, or any other material on which the article
*is intended to be produced, and the outline marked in the manner mentioned
in the second direction; the form of the pattern is then left on the surface of
'the material, and when cut out the article in outline is produced.
. To produce a letter, figure, or device with a flat surface, having the appear-
ance of a back shadow as well as a side shadow, as above shewn, the following
process must be gone through. First draw the outline (as in the second
direction) of the second pattern. See Diagram E.
Then draw a line at the bottom, at such distance from the outline as apparent
shadow may be required, commencing at the same distance to the left of the
extreme outline of the pattern, vide line marked F under last Diagram; then
place the first pattern, marked A, on the line drawn, and with a sharp instru-
ment, as before, draw round the edges of the first pattern, extending beyond
the left edges of the outline until the edges touch the edges of the outline.
Then remove the first pattern, and complete the outline by drawing lines to
connect the edges of the pattern and the outline, as before, shewn by dotted
lines), see Diagram H, and the outline of a flat figure is produced, shewing
an apparent side and back shadow or the appearance of projection.

page_text: Diagram G shews the situation of the first pattern on the second; Diagram
H the outline of the third pattern complete.
This pattern His placed on tin, or any other material on which the article
is intended to be produced, and the outline marked in the manner mentioned
in the second direction; the form of the pattern is then left on the surface of
the material, and when cut out the article in outline is produced. Pieces of
tin, or whatever metal or material the article is intended to be made with,
are then cut out according to the pattern required, flattened and primed for
painting. with colours used in japanning. The first pattern is then placed
with its top line or top boundary on the top line or top boundary of the
pattern intended to be painted, and the outline drawn as in the second
directions. From this outline all other lines-necessary to give the projecting
appearance can be.drawn. The article is then painted in shadow with colours
used in japanning, or gilt, or japanning gold size, so as to give the projecting
appearance. The article is then put into a japanner's stove, and subjected to
the usual process adopted in the art of japanning. The article is subsequently
-polished in the usual way of japan polishing, and is then complete.
To manufacture domed letters in metal, wood, or other materials, without
seam or joint, make a male and female die, according to the pattern required;
insert the metal, wood, or other material between the two dies, and press
with a handscrew, or by other means, and the form of the article required
will be obtained. It is then painted and japanned according to the plan
before mentioned and adopted with respect to the letters, figures, or devices
having a flat surface. If wood be used it must be thin and pliable. The out-
lines of the flat letters, figures, or devices having a projecting appearance may
be obtained by perspective drawings made without any other assistance than

page_text: the ordinary rules of perspective, but it is found that the process above
described is that which attains the object required in the readiest manner..
In witness whereof, we, the said Theophilus John Nash and John Ross,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Sixteenth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-
seven..
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Sixteenth day of August,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Theophilus John Nash and John
Ross came before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form
above written. And also the Specification.aforesaid, was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Sixteenth day of August, in the year above written.