matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SWEEPING STREETS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kitson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April
1875.
I, JOHN KITSON, of 29, Spring Gardens, Bradford, in the County
of York, Brick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SWEEPING
STREETS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of and
apparatus for sweeping streets by means of a rotary brush fixed to a
suitable framework, and so arranged that the same can be worked by
means of horses or traction engine.
The object of my Invention is to provide a machine adapted for more
effectually sweeping the public streets and courts than the machines
hitherto in use.
I accomplish my object in the following manner:-I form the frame-
work or body of my machine of metal or wood, which I fix on three or
more wheels; to the front part of framework I fix a pair of common

page_text: waggon shafts in the most suitable position; the front wheel or wheels
as the case may be, are arranged to work on an ordinary pin to allow for
turning the machine at street corners when required; the hind or back
wheels are secured one to each end of a shaft which revolves in brackets
fixed to framework; on to one of these last-named wheels or to the shaft
I secure a bevel wheel which gears into a bevel wheel secured to one
end of another which revolves in suitable brackets fixed to framework;
on to the last-named shaft I fix a compound swivel which is con-
nected to another shaft, on to which is secured the conical revolving
brush which can be adjusted by means of a lever so as to regulate
the pressure of the brush upon the road, and sweep all the dust
or mud out of the joints between the paving stones. The compound
swivel is to allow for any irregularities in the level of the road, or in the
case of a large stone or any hard substance being on the road when the
brush will pass over the same uninjured.
The action of the machine will be easily perceived as it is drawn along
the street; the road wheels and the bevel wheel secured theroto revolvo
and drive or turn the brush which is in contact with the road, therefore
brushing the same clean.
THE PRODUCTION OF A NEW OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sharp at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1875.
I, JAMES SHARP, of Pickle Bridge, near Bradford, in the County of
York, Dyer and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE PRODUCTION OF A NEW OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC," to
be as follows :-
In the production or manufacture of this fabric I use silk noil or
refuse of silk or yarn spun from such noil, which I find contains a large
quantity of gum, dirt, and vegetable matter, known as "burr." The
gum and dirt I dissolve and remove by scouring the noil or yarn with
soap with or without the addition of the free alcalies of soda or
ammonia, and the vegetable matter I destroy by steeping the said noil
or yarn in dilute acid of sulphuric, nitric, or hydrochloric, or a mixture
of such of these acids as are most suitable for the colours to be
afterwards applied. Yarn thus prepared I use for weft with warp of
either worsted, cotton, or other suitable fibrous substances, which are
woven in the ordinary manner; these fabrics (by preference) are not
subjected to the ordinary processes of crabbing, steaming, and singeing,

page_text: but are scoured with glycerine or other soaps and ammonia, and then
washed and stoved or saturated with the fumes of sulphur, and allowed
to remain in that state to bleach a suitable length of time, and
afterwards are washed in warm water and dried, whereby they are
rendered fit to take the most delicate tints of colour by either dying or 5
printing processes, and are thus suitable for ladies' dress goods.
In some cases I brush them in different directions by known ordinary
means so as to raise the knots to form a knotted or kropped surface.
A NEW PROCESS FOR COLORING PHOTOGRAPHS OR PHOTO- PRINTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopoldo Armanino at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1875.
I, LEOPOLDO ARMANINO, of 50, Penton Place, Kennington Park
Road, in the County of Surrey, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW PROCESS FOR COLORING PHOTOGRAPHS OR PHOTO-
PRINTS," to be as follows:-
Photographs or photo-prints being rendered transparent by varnish or
other means I take a sheet painted or printed in colors prepared
according to the effect required to be produced on the photograph or
photo-print, and affix the same to the back or reverse side of the
photograph or photo-print, or I print the photos or photo-prints directly
upon colored, painted, or printed sheets (prepared as above) by means of
registering points or marks fixed on the photographic printing apparatus,
and I propose to call my process photo-chromo.
A NEW OR IMPROVED DISINFECTANT
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th August 1875.-A communication from abroad by Messieurs
Egasse & Co., of Paris, France.
I, EDWARD GRiffith Brewer, of Chancery Lane, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
DISINFECTANT," (a communication to me from abroad by Messieurs Egasse
& Co., of Paris, France), to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of aniline, nitric and sulphuric acid are employed,
and according to this Invention or disinfecting process, these acids are
used after having been employed in the manufacture of aniline to
dissolve the sulphates of iron, copper, or zinc, to which I add myrbane,
phenic acid, or phenol, so as to form a compound paste.
According to the purposes to which this compound is applied it may
be employed in a state of paste, or it may be dissolved in water, in which
last case it can be spread with a brush on the object to be disinfected, as
a wall, for example.

page_text: The proportions of materials forming the compound vary, but I
approximately estimate them as follows:-Acid 50%, sulphate 25%,
myrbane 15%, and phenic acid or phenol 10%; but I repeat that these
quantities can be varied.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF WHIFFLETREES OR THE BARS TO WHICH VEHICLES ARE ATTACHED FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRAUGHT
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Dietrich at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1875.
I, HERMANN DIETRICH, of Potsdam; in the Kingdom of Prussia, and
Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF WHIFFLETREES OR THE BARS TO WHICH
VEHICLES ARE ATTACHED FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRAUGHT," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of whiffletrees or
the bars to which the traces of carriages and other vehicles are attached
for the purpose of draught, by means of which they are rendered to a
certain extent elastic so as to avoid the transmission of shocks too
suddenly from the vehicle to the horse.
My Invention consists in forming the centre of the whiffletree of a
kind of metal box, to which the link connecting the whiffletree with the
carriage is attached. Inside this box, at its back portion, is a curved
steel spring imbedded in a mass of india-rubber, which completely fills
the whole of the back portion of the box. Against this spring at the
front portion of the box is a metal plate, and bearing against this plate

page_text: are the tail pieces of two levers hinged to the box at either side thereof
so as to be capable of a forward motion, which when it takes place
causes the tail pieces of the levers to press upon the metal plate, and
consequently to compress the india-rubber mass with the steel spring
imbedded therein, before the forward motion can take place. To the
ends of the levers are keyed the wooden or metal poles which form the
whiffletree.
The traces being attached to the ends of the whiffletree just described,
and the horse harnessed to the vehicle beginning to draw upon them in
order to start the vehicle, it is obvious that the two arms or poles of the
whiffletree will move slightly forward, compressing the spring before
spoken of, so that the impulse of the horse is conveyed not suddenly
with a shock to the vehicle, but gradually through the spring, thus
greatly relieving the traction. A similar action takes place in the
case of the stoppage of the vehicle or of its meeting with sudden
obstructions.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL TUBES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eli Deeley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1875.
I, ELI DEELEY, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Mill Roller,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL TUBES," to be as follows:-
This Invention refers more especially to the manufacture of iron
tubes, and it consists in forming such tubes into a complete cylinder
from the strip at one operation. To effect this I employ a funnel-
mouthed die or draw plate of the requisite size for the tube to be made,
and one pair of rolls of suitable section; the strip slightly turned up at
one end for a sufficient length is passed through the funnel-mouthed
die and into the grip of the rolls, by the action of which rolls the strip
is drawn through the die, the die forming it into an oval skelp, which

page_text: oval skelp in its course through the rolls becomes crushed down into a
round cylinder.
In mills where the puddled bar is rolled into strip one heating is
sufficient to form a complete tube from the puddled bar steel, and other
metal tubes may also be made on this principle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINING UP OR CONNECTING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF RAILWAY RAILS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Smith and John Coope
Haddan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd March 1875.
We, HENRY SMITH, of Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, in the
County of Middlesex, Electroplater, and JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of 32,
Treherne Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOINING UP OR CONNECTING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF RAILWAY RAILS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention comprises the halving, lapping, or stepping the end of
one rail so as to lie horizontally upon and over the halved, lapped, or
stepped end of the adjoining rail, the said two ends being stiffened and
secured with fish plates bolted to and through the rails. Also the
recessing the ends of one rail or of both rails and keying them together
by a block or key, the said ends being stiffened and secured with fish-
plates as before, the key being formed on the end of one rail or applied
as a separate piece accordingly as one end or both ends are recessed, or
the key may be formed partly upon one and partly upon the other of
the pair of fish plates. In practice provision for expansion and con-

page_text: traction will be made by leaving a short space or distance between the
end surfaces, and by widening the bolt holes in the ordinary manner.
Any ordinary or other approved convenient description of chairs or
supports for the rails is to be employed.
It is evident that at any joint or connection the rail or end thereof t
which is the lower cannot rise without the rail or end thereof which is
the higher of the two also rising with it, not only by reason of the
application of the fish plates, but further by the horizontal halving,
lapping, or stepping or keying between the two.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF MUSIC
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richard Edmonds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1875.
I, JOHN RICHARD EDMONDS, of Guildford, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF MUSIC," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improved apparatus to facilitate turning over
the leaves of music without the use of the hands, the apparatus being
operated by the foot so as to leave the hands of the performer perfectly
free.
The apparatus consists of a horizontal wire attached in front of a cross
bar, which is clamped to the reading desk at a suitable height, according
to the size of the sheet of music. On this wire are hung metal loops or
runners which carry a cord or band to which they are attached at
intervals. To this band are suspended by flexible connections spring
clips attached to the band at certain intervals apart; these clips are
each made double so as to clip the top edge of the leaf of music in two
places a short distance apart in order to ensure the leaf being properly

page_text: turned. The band is continued at one side of the reading desk, passed
round a pulley, and carried down to a pedal or other device operated by
the foot of the performer.
In using the apparatus all the loops or runners having been pushed
together with the cord towards the right and a clip affixed to each page,
the clips are drawn successively towards the left-hand side by the pedal
and cord bringing with them and turning over the leaves, the intervals
at which the clips are fixed on the band being sufficient to admit of
their being drawn along and turning the leaves one at a time.
Iм- PROVED APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING THE BRAKES OF RAILWAY TRAINS BY COMPRESSED AIR, PART OR PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
"
1873.
I, JAMES STEEL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of “Iм-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING THE BRAKES OF RAILWAY TRAINS BY COMPRESSED
AIR, PART OR PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in apparatus
for actuating the brakes of railway trains by compressed air, is a
development of the. Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to
the said James Steel and to John McInnes, dated the 6th day of January
A.D. 1874, and numbered 74..
According to the present Invention the apparatus consists of a vertical
cylinder and piston having the air vessel or receiver either surrounding
it or at one side, or it may be placed above or below the cylinder. When
the brakes are out of action they are so maintained by the air pressing
on both sides of the piston simultaneously, and when it is desired to

page_text: apply the brakes the air is withdrawn from one side of the piston, as in
the apparatus set forth in the Specification filed under the Letters
Patent hercin-before referred to. The brake cylinder is placed upon or
it projects partly through the floor of the carriage at its central part, the
piston rod passing through a stuffing box at the under side, being thence
directly coupled to the lever which actuates the brakes, so that as the
piston is either raised or lowered by the action of the compressed air the
brakes are withdrawn or applied. The lower end of the cylinder is
removable, and contains a stuffing box for holding a packing.
.
The packing preferably used, and which constitutes a special feature 1
of this Invention, consists of one or more cup leathers placed at the
bottom of the stuffing box, the remaining portion of which is filled with
shot lubricated with oil or other unguent, the upper end of the annular
space, constituting the stuffing box, being covered with a plate of metal
or other material.
Another part of the Invention consists in constructing the pistons of
air brake cylinders with two cup leathers, one of which is inverted, the
two cup leathers being so placed that one contains the other. The cup
leathers may be expanded by the aid of circular springs, and the space
between them and the solid body of the piston is also filled with
lubricated shot.
It is to be understood that the improved packing for stuffing boxes
and the improved pistons are applicable to cylinders and pistons other
than those forming part of air brake apparatus.
1
A reducing valve is applied for regulating the pressure of air through-
out the apparatus.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOD FOR CATTLE, PARTLY ADAPTED TO HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Augustus Hely at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd September 1875.
I, ALFRED AUGUSTUS HELY, of No. 194, South Lambeth Road, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOD FOR CATTLE, PARTLY
ADAPTED TO HUMAN CONSUMPTION," to be as follows:-
In utilizing the refuse of the fruit of the vine in wine making as food
for cattle, and adapting part of the same to the use of man.
1st. I collect the residuum of expressed grapes consisting of the
husks, seeds, and small stalks, and dessicate the same either by natural
or artificial means as soon after expression as possible, and if required
compress the mass by any suitable machinery into a solid cake, having
previously, and also if required, subjected the said mass to the action of
rolls or rollers, in order to crush the seeds and stalks; and I use the said
residuum loose or caked as the case may be, either in the natural state
or mixed with any oleaginous, mucilaginous, farinaceous, fruity, or other
vegetable substance, singly or combined.

page_text: 2nd. I separate the dessicated husks from the seeds and stalks, and
use the former as a cheap substitute for the raisins of commerce; and if
desired I cut up the said husks into small particles by any suitable
machinery, and then by admixture with water under pressure, infusion,
or decoction obtain therefrom a potable unfermented beverage.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN LEVER BUCKLES OR FASTENINGS FOR BRACES, BELTS, AND BANDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Arthur Harrison and
Charles Priestland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st October 1875.
We, FREDERIC ARTHUR HARRISON, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, and CHARLES PRIESTLAND, of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN LEVER BUCKLES OR
FASTENINGS FOR BRACES, BELTS, AND BANDS," to be as follows:-
The levers of lever buckles or fastenings for braces are ordinarily
jointed to the frame or body of the buckle or fastening by means of ears
on the ends of the frame or body, the said ears being situated at right
angles to the plane of the frame or body, the flat edges of the ears being
presented to and rubbing against the shirt of the person wearing the
braces. By the rubbing of the flat or cutting edges of the ears described
against the shirt the said shirt is rapidly worn and injured.
The object of our Invention is to remedy this defect, and consists in
so constructing the said ears that the part presented to the shirt has a

page_text: rounded surface whereby its action on the shirt is reduced to a
minimum.
In constructing the said cars according to our Invention we give to
them the form of short tubes or knuckles, the slots in which the studs
of the lever of the buckle take being made in the inner sides of the said
short tubes or knuckles, that is to say, instead of bending the strips or
ears at the ends of the buckle frame or body at right angles to the said
body as usual we roll or bend the said strips or ears into a tubular form,
the inner ends of the ears being closed on the back of the buckle body.
The cars in which the studs of the lever are supported and in which
they turn have thus a rounded surface so that their rubbing action on
the shirt does not injure it in any material degree.
The improvement or improvements described although especially
applicable to lever buckles or fastenings for braces may also be applied
to lever buckles or fastenings for belts and bands.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FABRIC COMPOSED EITHER WHOLLY OR PARTLY OF METAL
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Carter Ramsden, of Smith House, Light-
cliffe, near Halifax, in the County of York, for the Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED FABRIC COMPOSED EITHER WHOLLY OR PARTLY OF
METAL."
Sealed the 20th December 1875, and dated the 4th September 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Carter Ramsden
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th September 1875.
I, JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of Smith House, Lightcliffe, near Halifax,
3 in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FABRIC COMPOSED EITHER WHOLLY OR
PARTLY OF METAL," to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in the employment of wire twisted in a helical
or spiral form. Some of the twisted wires. or spirals are made with a

page_text: right hand and some with a left hand spiral or twist. In manufacturing
the said fabric the spirals are cut into lengths in accordance with the
required width of the fabric and they are interlaced into each other, a
right-hand spiral and a left-hand spiral alternately, and held in that
-position-by-locking-pins passing through them, which pins may either i
be of metal or other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EMBOSSING AND GLAKING LEATHER AND OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1875.
I, RICHARD LEE, of Philadelphia, United States of America, but at
present residing at Huddersfield, in the County of York, Currier, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EMBOSSING AND GLAKING LEATHER AND OTHER
MATERIAL,” to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object the embossing and glazing of leather
and other material, and the mechanism employed for effecting the
purpose consists in a disc or face plate to which is attached one end of a
vibrating arm or lever; to the other end of this arm an upright lever or
arm is attached, forming a joint or hinge and vibrating on a fulcrum at
the other end. A roller or rollers is connected to these arms, upon the
surface of which rollers suitable ornamental devices are engraved or
placed thereon for embossing or impressing the shape upon the leather
or other material under operation, which is placed on a slab or table.
The pins or studs on which these embossing rollers revolve are made
hollow to contain oil or other lubricant for lubricating the rollers.

page_text: Motion is communicated to the disc and to the vibrating arms, which
a backward and forward movement imparted to them and also to the
embossing rollers attached thereto, which on the movement in one
direction presses upon the leather, making the impression of the devices
thereon; but on the movement in the other direction the rollers are t
lifted clear above the material, so that the rollers only act on the
material in one direction or stroke of the arms. Spiral or other springs
are fixed under the slab or table upon which the leather is placed, so as
to ease the pressure under the embossing rollers.
When it is required to glaze the leather these rollers are withdrawn ]
and a piece of glass substituted, which instead of embossing will rub the
surface of the leather and produce a polish or "face" thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES, RECEPTACLES, OR STANDS FOR CONTAINING OR HOLDING MATCHES OR FUSEES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giffard Mourant Jarvey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th July 1875.
I, Giffard MouRANT JARVEY, of Jersey, one of the Channel Islands,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOXES, RECEPTACLES, OR STANDS FOR CONTAINING OR HOLDING MATCHES OR
FUSEES," to be as follows:-
--
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a safe box, receptacle,
or stand for matches or fusecs, in such manner that only one match at a
time is presented for use, and that only when it is required for use; it
also is the means of rendering the carriage or use of matches safer than
heretofore, and their consumption is materially economized
The Invention consists of a case for the matches themselves, and of
another for the match case to slide in. For this purpose I place under
the match case a helical or other suitable spring, which tends to keep
the case always projecting from its holder except when pressed down by
the hand. In the bottom of the outer casc I fix a pin which passes
through an aperture in the lower part of the match box proper, in such

page_text: way that when the match case is up the top of the pin is flush or nearly
so with the bottom of the case, but when the case is pushed down the
pin rises into the interior thereof.
The bottom and top of the match holder are preferably made egg-
shaped, so that the matches contained therein have always a tendency
to go to the centre thereof, whether at the top or bottom. At the top of
case and apex of the egg-shaped top there is an aperture sufficiently
large for the passage of a match through it, and outside this aperture
there are spring clips, grippers, or catches. Matches are inserted in the
box by unscrowing or otherwise detaching the top with the fulminating
material at the lower part; to get out a match press down the case,
when the pin which always has a match on it will rise carrying the
match up with it, and the opposite end through aperture at the top
sufficiently far to be taken hold of by the fingers. -The match cannot go
back because of the chips, grippers, or springs; to ignite the match I
pull it out through the aperture, which is roughened for causing the free
ignition thereof or provided with special igniting composition for what
are known as safety matches; provision is made by the insertion of a
piece of leather or other material between the cover and the clips, in
order that fire may not descend into the match holder.
Cases constructed according to my Invention may be made of any
suitablo material and of any convenient size, and be ornamented in any
way as fancy or taste may dictate.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Chaston Gillett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1875.
I, DANIEL CHASTON GILLETT, of Mile End, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improved means for raising sunken vessels,
the same being applicable for other purposes, the Invention consisting
in the employment of chambers or casings which are first filled with
water to sink them and enable them to be attached to the vessel, air
being then pumped or forced into the chambers or casings in order to
displace the water therein contained and render them buoyant. The
chamber or casing may be made of metal or other suitable rigid material,
or it may be flexible; and it is provided with an opening by which the
water may enter, and fill it when it is required to sink the chamber or
Air is forced in through a tube connected with the chamber by
an air pump or other apparatus.
case.

page_text: Any required number of these apparatus may be used, according to
circumstances, each chamber being separately lashed to the vessel to be
raised.
The Invention may also be applied to dredging purposes by attaching
a bucket or scoop to a collapsible air bag or chamber, which is sunk
where-required,-and-air-afterwards_forced_in_to_inflate it and cause
it to rise and bring up with it the bucket or scoop and its contents.
AN IMPROVED HEATER FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL AND WATER FOR HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1875.
I, EDWARD TAYLOR, of No. 20, St. Mary's Road, Faversham, in the
County of Kent, Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED HEATER FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL AND WATER FOR
HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Firstly. The heating of the water to be pumped into the boiler by
passing the exhaust steam pipe from the engine through it (instead of
using cold water), to the extraordinary heat of from 180 to 200 degrees,
which is plainly evident that thereby a large quantity of fuel is
saved.
Secondly. The passing of the exhaust steam pipe through the cistern
containing the water, in such a manner so as not to cause any check to
the engine, but on the contrary to relieve in a very great measure the
internal pressure. This has heretofore been the great objection to the
numerous heaters now in usc. This is done by dividing the steam in
the manner shewn on the Drawing, into three parts, at the inlet by

page_text: inserting sharp knife-edged plates continued with easy curves into the
two sides, and making the centre opening rather smaller than the other
two on account of the increased pressure in the centre. The steam thus
carried through in three pipes gives a large heating surface, and is much
relieved by the increased cubical contents. It is brought out at the
outlet in a chamber, as shewn, containing strainer.
Thirdly. By running the condensed water from the under side of the
heater by the insertion of strainers, as shewn on the Drawing, and in
pipes and reusing it, thereby the water is not forced through the exhaust
pipe causing a check to the engine, but is drawn off by pipes; where
there is a scarcity of water this is an object for consideration, and the
water being pure (condensed) cannot possibly cause a deposit or
incrustation upon the inside of the boiler.
Fourthly. The peculiar and novel construction of the strainers, of
which there are two kinds, a long one placed in the bottom of each pipe,
as shown in plan, and perforated at the centres, as shown in plan,
allowing the water to run through the perforations along inside, and
ultimately discharging by means of a small pipe into a cistern. The
other is placed in the large outlet where the pipes rejoin; it is in the
form of a louvre, allowing the condensed liquor to run through and
taken away by a pipe. (Both of these will be seen more clearly by
reference to the Drawing.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTER SUITABLE FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brennand at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
May 1875.
I, JOHN BRENNAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTER SUITABLE FOR DYEING AND PRINTING,” to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in the manu-
facture of coloring matter suitable for dyeing and printing, whereby the
same is rendered brighter and more lasting, and consists principally in
mixing raw eggs in certain proportions with the dye stuff to be used.
In treating dry dyes such as madder, garancin, logwood, chrome
yellow, and other colored chalks, I grind them up with raw eggs in a
morter mill to the consistency of paste, but alizarin (a fluid dye) readily
mixes with the raw egg, equal weights being a satisfactory proportion
for mixing.
If preferred the alizarin can be previously thickened by the addition
of from twenty-five to fifty per cent. of ground madder or garancin, but
this is optional.

page_text: The egg may be adulterated with the blood of animals, the water from
blood, or with milk, and in some cases certain kinds of gum may be
ground up with the mixture (what is known as gum sorts" being
suitable), in order to spread the albumen over a larger surface.
"
The chief benefit to be derived from my Invention consists in
obtaining at the same time the double action of the chemical affinity of
the dye stuff for the mordanted cloth or yarn, and the mechanical
adherence of the albumen to the fibres. Great economy is also effected
as the dye stuff is more completely absorbed from the water, and thus
the pollution of streams and rivers is materially lessened.
]
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOB BANDS, STRAPS, RIBBONS, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Sandell Mappin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th November 1875.
I, WALTER SANDELL MAPPIN, of Twickenham, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOB BANDS, STRAPS, RIBBONS, AND THE LIKE," to
be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates to fasteners for securing together two or more
folds or ends of bands, straps, ribbons, or the like, or for securing one
such fold or end to another picce of fabric, as for example, the end of
a tic to the stock portion of that tie, the chief object of my Invention
being to construct such a fastener in one piece of metal for the sake of
simplicity, cheapness, and durability.
One form of fastener according to my Invention consists of a piece
of sheet metal punched or cut out with a hole in its middle, on each
side of which hole is a projecting tongue, the one tongue having two
transverse tongues projecting from it one on each side. The two

page_text: tongues last named are bent over the tongue from which they project so
as to form a loop, and the metal is bent across the hole so as to bring the
other tongue into a position, such that it can be inserted within this
loop. The whole is secured by stitching or otherwise to the article to
which the band, strap, or ribbon, has to be fastened, and the end of the
said band, strap, or ribbon, being passed through the loop under the
bent tongue is held by the elastic pressure of that tongue, so that it
cannot slip out without a certain amount of force being exerted.
Another form of my improved fastener also consists of a piece of
sheet metal punched or cut out with a hole in it. On one side of the
hole are a pair of transverse tongues, and on the other side are two pairs
thereof. All these tongues are bent over so as to form loops as above
described, and the piece of metal is bent over across the hole so as to
bring the loop of the one side in between the two loops of the other side.
The fastener being secured in its place by stitching or otherwise, the end
of a strap, band, or ribbon, being passed through the three loops is held
by the elastic pressure of the middle loop tending to spring up between
the other two loops.
The fastener operating as last described instead of being made of
sheet metal, may be formed of wire in the following manner :-Near its
middle the wire is bent to two right angles, so that its ends project in
opposite directions, and those ends are then bent in flattened spiral form
so as to make several loops. The whole is then bent over, so that the
one set of loops interlace the other set, and the band, strap, or ribbon,
being passed through all the loops so interlaced is held by the elastic
pressure of the one set of loops tending to spring out from between the
others. To increase the clasticity of this fastener the wire at the angles
where it is first bent may be turned into several spiral convolutions like
a volute spring.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CHURNS AND WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Green and Joseph
Housley Place at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th August 1875.
We, THOMAS GREEN, of the Smithfield Iron Works, Leeds, Engineer,
and JOSEPH HOUSLEY PLACE, of Harrogate, Plumber, both in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CHURNS AND WASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The box is
box is con-
This Invention has for its object improvements in churns and washing
machines. We employ a wooden box which is driven to and fro or
backwards and forwards horizontally with a quick motion.
suspended by four radius links, one at each corner, and the
nected at the bottom by a connecting rod to a crank. On the crank
shaft there is a fly wheel and a chain pinion, and on another shaft there
is a chain wheel three times the size of the pinion. The wheel and
pinion are connected by an endless chain and driven by crank handles
on the axis of the chain wheel. There are two handles, one on each side
of the machine, so that the machine may be worked by either one or two
norsons

page_text: When the apparatus is in use as a churn the agitation breaks the
small globules in the milk and separates the butter or fatty matter from
the liquid by dashing the milk against the ends of the box.
han more he wanlod he horizontal hans as well as by the wading
links.
The apparatus is applicable for washing clothes and other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MELTING, REFINING, CONVERTING, AND PUDDLING IRON
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Middleton and Phillip
Hayward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th February 1875.
We, WILLIAM MIDDLETON and PHILLIP HAYWARD, both of Leeds, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MELTING,
REFINING, CONVERTING, AND PUDDLING IRON," to be as follows:-
or
Our Invention has reference to an arrangement of a melting, refining,
converting " " furnace in combination with a puddling furnace,
whereby a great saving of time and fuel-is produced, at the same time
affecting an improvement in the quality of the iron, and is as hereafter
described.
The puddling furnace is constructed in a similar manner to those now
in use, but between it and the chimney or stack we provide a retort or
chamber in which is placed the cast metal preparatory to it being melted
and passed into the puddling furnace. The waste heat from the fuel
employed for puddling furnaces previous to passing away into the
chimney or stack comes in contact with the metal in the retort or

page_text: chamber; this heat being so intense melts the metal in the retort or
chamber, and thereby brings it into a fit state for the puddling furnace,
to which it is conveyed by a trough or other suitable means. When in
the puddling furnace it is worked in the ordinary manner.
When the metal is required to be refined or "converted" we introduce
a blast into the retort or chamber, or in such a position as to produce
the required effect upon the metal for melting, refining, or "converting "
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMITATION JEWELRY SET WITH STONES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Marie Detenre at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th September 1875.
I, LOUIS MARIE DÉTENRE, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of
France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMITATION JEWELRY SET WITH
STONES," to be as follows:- 1
The subject of the present Invention is an improved mode of moulding
artificial jewelry, the modus operandi being as follows:-Having
previously made an article of jewelry by hand, either openworked
or plain, as desired, with settings, but minus the stones, this is employed
as a model for the reproduction of facsimilies; this is effected by taking
a cast therefrom in two parts, one being the face, the other the back of
the ornament; these two parts are united by piercing holes in the under
matrice, and by fixing corresponding pins on the upper one. At the
side of the mould an aperture is made through which the metal is
poured in a state of fusion, and when hard the parts of the mould are
separated, and the ornament released.

page_text: The matrices being tempered and well polished, the ornament leaves
the mould in a complete state of finish, requiring no further touch.
The metals employed in the manufacture of such articles of imitation
jewelry are soft fusible metals, such as the alloys of tin, lead, regulus,
and copper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William John Halfpenny, of the Firm of
Halfpenny and Son, of the City of London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO."
Scaled the 5th November 1875, and dated the 28th July 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William John Half-
penny at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th July 1875.
I, WILLIAM JOHN HALFPENNY, of the Firm of Halfpenny and Son,
of the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is a ready and more efficacious means
than any now in use of preventing the fouling of tobacco pipes and
keeping them clean, by attaching to the mouth-piece a piece of ivory,

page_text: bone, or other substance, the end of which immediately under the
centre of the bowl or receptacle for the tobacco is made in the form of,
and to act as a piston, exactly fitting the bore in the stem and fastened
to the mouth-piece, upon its withdrawal it removes all nicotine or other
deleterious matters that may have lodged or accumulated in the stem
during the time the pipe may have been in use
The draught from the bowl to the bore is drilled in front of the
piston, so that all deposits fall in a spot where the piston will take the
greatest effect. The mouth-piece and piston are held in position by a
ring of cord, india-rubber, or other suitable substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR STAMPING METALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hardisty at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
October 1875.
I, JAMES HARDISTY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR STAMPING METALS," to be as
follows:-
-
In my improved machine the hammer is connected to a bar which is
capable of sliding upward and downward in guides carried by any
suitable stationary part. Upon this bar is a block capable of sliding on
the said bar and provided on each side with a rod, upon
which rods are
mounted sliding blocks carrying jointed arms, each of which extends
downward, and they are connected at their lower ends to a part which is
fast with the hammer bar.
The motive power is adapted to the sliding block and the hammer is
therefore lifted by the aforesaid jointed arms, which are capable of

page_text: moving outward upon their arms after the blow has been struck
according to the thickness of metal under operation.
In order to determine an exact thickness of metal to be forged I adapt
nuts or other adjustable parts to the aforesaid rods, whereby the arms
may be regulated as to the distance they can move inward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Maitland Yeomans at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th April 1875.
I, DAVID MAITLAND YEOMANS, of Cornhill, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the employment in the manner hercin-after
described of one or more flexible air vessels worked by atmospheric
pressure, and employed as prime movers in driving or supplying power
for working various kinds of machinery.
The air vessels are flexible and collapsing, and may be advantageously
made of india-rubber or other suitable flexible material; they have rigid,
flat, or slightly concave heads, one or both of which is or are made to
move by the action of the exhaust, and being connected by means of
suitable gear, and where necessary with multiplying apparatus. Motion
is given thereby to any required driving machinery.

page_text: Where more than one air vessel is used a vacuum is created in each
air vessel in succession, and they are thus made to act as prime movers.
by the agency of atmospheric pressure in a manner similar to that in
which the pistons and cylinders of steam ongines are made to act as
prime movers by the agency of steam.
Suitable connecting and regulating apparatus is employed to enable
the power to be properly applied, and to insure the regular and uniform
action of the whole apparatus.
E
The air is exhausted from the air vessel by means either of a steam jet
or pump, and in order to overcome the comparatively slow production of 1
the vacuum, if applied directly, the exhaust in cases where comparatively
quick motion is desirable is made in the first instance to produce and
maintain a vacuum in an air reservoir of greater capacity than the air
vessels used to operate the machinery. Those air vessels are connected
with the air reservoir chamber by a suitable system of pipes and other 1
apparatus worked by means of suitable valve arrangements.