AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING HEAT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REFINING OF SUGAR, AND IN MALTING, HOP DARWING Πιτοπττική VINEGAR MAKING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Garton, of the City and County of Bristol,
Brewer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING HEAT
IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REFINING OF SUGAR, AND IN MALTING, HOP
DARWING Πιτοπττική
VINEGAR MAKING"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Garton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1863.
I, CHARLES GARTON, of the City and County of Bristol, Brewer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING
HEAT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REFINING OF SUGAR, AND IN MALTING, HOP DRYING,
BREWING, DISTILLING, AND VINEGAR MAKING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in employing hot water or other fluid as the heating
medium; the heat being sustained by self-acting circulation through pipes
from a boiler, either contiguous to or at a distance from and at a lower level
than the subject to be acted on: It has been found that in the treatment of
saccharine and farinaceous liquids and substances, an injurious chemical
change is effected in such parts as are brought into contact with heating media
of high temperature, and I have discovered that I can so control and regulate
the temperature by the application of the before-mentioned heating medium in
manner herein set forth in all the processes in the manufacture and refining of
Price 8d1

page_text: sugar
in which heat under 212° Fahrenheit is required; and also in the kiln
in malting and hop drying, and in the process of mashing, heating worts, and
fermenting in brewing; and also in all processes in distilling and vinegar
making requiring a less degree of heat than 212° Fahrenheit, as that
the before-mentioned contact may be prevented, and the injurious effects
avoided.
I connect a chamber or coil of pipes, or a series of such (fixed at the place
or places where the heat is required to be applied), with a boiler by means of
flow aud return pipes, the former entering the chambers or coils and boiler at
a higher level than the latter, and in the case of chambers being used, the
same being fitted with partitions extending nearly through their entire width,
and at the highest point thereof with pipes to allow of the escape of air. I
fill the whole with water or other fluid, and apply fire heat to the boiler, which
will cause the fluid to circulate through the pipes and chambers or coils and
boiler, whereby the same degree of heat will be uniformly communicated to
the chambers or coils and their surfaces, as is contained in the boiler in direct
contact with the fire, which uniformity I lessen and regulate at will by means
of stop-cocks attached to the flow and return pipes.
In applying this heating medium to kilns for malt or hops, I leave a space
between the perforated floor of the kiln and the chamber or coil, and construct
shafts from the open air into such space, by which a current of air, naturally
or artificially created, may be conveyed thereto, and the heated air contained
therein be forced through the kiln.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Garton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
September 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
GARTON, of the City of Bristol, Brewer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Garton, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Garton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles Garton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter

page_text: upon the
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN, IMPROVED
METHOD OF APPLYING HEAT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REFINING OF SUGAR, AND IN
MALTING, HOP DRYING, BREWING, DISTILLING, AND VINEGAR MAKING,"
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Garten, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Garton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
My Invention consists in employing hot water or other fluid as the heating
medium, the heat being sustained by self-acting circulation through pipes
from a boiler, either contiguous to or at distance from and at a lower level
than the subject to be acted on. It has been found that in the treatment
of saccharine and farinaceous liquids and substances, an injurious chemical
change is effected in such parts as are brought into contact with heating media
of high temperature, and I have discovered that I can so control and regulate
the temperature by the application of the before-mentioned heating medium
in manner herein set forth in all the processes in the manufacture and refining
of sugar in which heat under 212° Fahrenheit is required; and also in the
kiln in malting and hop drying; and in the processes of mashing, heating
worts, and fermenting in brewing; and also in all processes in distilling and
vinegar making requiring a less degree of heat than 212° Fahrenheit, as that
the before-mentioned contact may be prevented and the injurious effects
avoided.
I connect a chamber or coil of pipes, or a series of such (fixed at the place
or places where the heat is required to be applied), with a boiler by means of
flow and return pipes, the former entering the chambers or coils and boiler
at a higher level than the latter, and in the case of chambers being used, the
same being fitted with partitions extending nearly through their entire width,
and at the highest point thereof with pipes to allow of the escape of air. I fill
the whole with water or other fluid and apply fire heat to the boiler, which
will cause the fluid to circulate through the pipes and chambers or coils and
boiler, whereby the same degree of heat will be uniformly communicated to

page_text: the chambers or coils and their surfaces as is contained in the boiler in direct
contact with the fire, which uniformity I lessen and regulate at will by means
of stop-cocks-attached to the flow and return pipes.
In applying this beating medium to kilns for malt or hops I leave a space
between the perforated floor of the kiln and the chamber or coil,and construct
shafts from the open air into such space, by which a current of air, naturally or
artificially created, may be conveyed thereto, and the heated air contained
therein be forced through the kiln.
The manner in which I carry my Invention into effect is as follows:-I
construct in or around the pan or other vessel intended for the reception of the
saccharine or farinaceous liquids or substances to be heated, a chamber or coil
of pipes or jacket, as represented in the annexed cross section Drawings,
Figures 1,2,3,and 4, in which a, a, represent pans or vessels for the reception
of the liquid or substance to be heated; b is a chamber formed by a false
metal bottom to the vessel a; c is another chamber constructed as a separate
vessel, and placed in the bottom of the pan a, also shewn in the ground plan
of Figure 2 (this chamber I prefer to be of copper, but it may be of: any metal
which is a quick con luctor of heat; d is a coil of pipes fixed in the bottom of
the vessel a, and shewn also in the ground plan of Figure 3; and is a jacket
surrounding the pan a, and also shewn in the ground p'an of Figure 4. Either
chamber, or the coil, or the jacket may be adopted at discretion, according to
the degree of heat required, and the purpose to which it is intended to be
applied, the chambers and jacket being calculated to afford the highest
temperature, and the coil of pipes the lowest. In the centre of the chamber
I fix a partition extending throughout the whole length of such chamber,
except a space at the end furthest from the flow and return pipes equal in
width to double the diameter of those pipes, as shewn at fin Figures 1 and 2,
and g, h, in the ground plan of the same Figures. A partition should also be
fixed throughout the jacket, as marked i in the ground plan of Figure 1. The
chambers and coils of pipes must be fixed on an incline of not less than two
inches in twelve feet from point j to point k in the ground plan of Figures 1, 2,
and 3, and from the highest point should be the pipe L, to allow of the escape
of air.
A is a boiler, to which must be attached the supply cistern and flow and
return cisterns and pipes, and feed and safety pipes, marked B, C, D, E, F,
and G, the boiler being fixed at a lower level, and the cisterns and pipes
reaching a greater altitude than any point at which the heating medium is to
be applied, the feed and return pipes entering the boiler at its lowest and the
safety and flow pipes at its highest points. In case the pressure upon the flow

page_text: and return cistern marked C should be sufficient to cause it to overflow by
reason of the vessels to be acted on being at a distance, I then fix one or more
supplementary similar cisterns connected by pipes at sufficiently increased
altitudes. I affix to the boiler the main flow and return pipes H and I, the
former being connected at the top and the latter at the bottom of the boiler,
and from these main pipes I carry branches K to the chambers, coils of pipe,
or jackets before described, by which the heating medium is intended to be
applied. Of these, several at the same or different altitudes may be used, at
the same time separate branches being carried to each vessel, but in that case
all the branches from the main flow pipe must spring from an expansion box
marked L.
In applying the before-mentioned heating medium to kilns for malt or hops,
I construct of cast iron or other suitable material a series of the chambers
before described(as shewn atain the annexed sectional plan, Figure 5), which
I bolt together, so as to form the kiln flooring, leaving open spaces between
each chamber (as shewn at m in Figure 5), and the whole having a covering
with perforations over the open spaces, as also shewn in Figure 5. With these
chambers I connect flow and return pipes as before described at points not
very far distant from each other,as at o and p (the points o representing flow
pipes, and the points p return). And I also connect the open spaces between
the chambers with the shafts from the open air before mentioned by means of
pipes, as shewn at q in Figure 6 (which represents the side elevation of
Figure 5), the air allowed to pass through the shafts being dried by artificial
means, the methods for doing which are well known.
I do not claim the discovery of the use of hot water as a heating medium;
but what I claim is the means of applying such heating medium to the manu-
facture and refining of sugar, and in malting, hop drying, brewing, distilling,
and vinegar making, with the apparatus for so applying it, as before set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Garton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight huudred and sixty-three.
CHA³. GARTON. (L.S.)