Improvements in Gas and Petroleum Motors.
Year: 1889

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas and Petroleum Motors.
I, FRIEDRICH DUERR of Munich in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Empire of Germany,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :--
This invention relates to Improvements in Gas and Petroleum Motors and has for
its purpose to provide a simple and reliable contrivance, for automatically regulating
the various momentums in 4 time motors, in the shape of a disk, secured to the main
shaft and fitted with suitable heels or cams, which are transposed relatively to each
other as required, and regulate the different movements by acting through levers or
such like on the various mechanisms, further
To regulate the admission of gas or vapour to the explosion chamber by means of
a lever pendulum, actuated by the above described disk and connected with the inlet
valve. When the motor works too rapidly, the heel of the disk throws the lever
further off than when the motor is working at normal speed, and thereby keeps the
inlet valve closed for a proportionately longer period and allows an admission of gas
only at longer intervals. To allow its movement to be regulated, the pendulum
lever is provided at its free extremity with an adjustable poise in the shape of a disk.
Thirdly, to provide an improved petroleum evaporator forming the double mantle of
a cylindric heating chamber. The preliminary heating of the petroleum, contained in the
evaporator is effected by the application to the outer mantle of said evaporator, of the
flame from a qnantity of methylated spirits or other combustible liquid for the purpose
of producing a sufficient quantity of vapour for the starting explosions until the hot
waste vapour from the explosive mixtures, which passes through the aforementioned
cylindric heating chamber, has sufficiently acted on the inner mantle of the evaporator
to cause the evaporation of petroleum to be continued.
For the purpose of obtaining a large outward heating surface and providing at the
same time a convenient reservoir for the methylated spirits or similar substance, an
annular channel of suitable depth is sunk into the outer mantle of the evaporator near
its base, in such a manner as to ensure the whole of that part of the mantle which
forms the said channel to be in contact with the petroleum contained inside, thus
allowing the flame of the ignited spirits to envelop the upper part of the mantle
and effect a rapid heating of the petroleum.
The vapours thus produced, during the period of suction pass by their own pressure
through a valve or other suitable passage into and mix with the inhaled atmospheric
air, to form the explosive mixture, thereby allowing of a simpler construction of the
suction valve.
The evaporator is connected with the petroleum reservoir by means of a cooling
pipe of such length, that the weight of the liquid therein contained exceeds the
pressure in the evaporator, thereby allowing of a gradual regulation of the heating
surface.
Dated this 14th day of December 1889.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Attorneys.
* Improvements in Gas and Petroleum Motors.
I; FRIEDRICH DÜRR of Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
-following statement:-
The object of this invention is a gas motor which is remarkable for simplicity and

page_text: capable of being converted without material alterations into a petroleum motor, i.e. by
the insertion of a petroleum-evaporating apparatus.
Reference being had to the drawing hereto annexed illustrating the novel details
of the improved combined gas and petroleum motor,
Fig. 1 is an elevation and partial vertical section showing the governor mechanism
with device for regulating the four time-momentums.
Fig. 2 represents the petroleum evaporating apparatus, and
Fig. 3 the regulating device on an enlarged scale.
The gas inlet 9, Fig. 1, is adapted to be closed by valve g' with latch 92; n desig-
nates the air-inlet port, the inlet valve, t the exhaust valve, k the angle lever for
actuating the slide or valve, p the regulating pendulum.
All mechanisms which serve to effect, the admission of air and gas, exhaustion,
ignition and regulation, are operated by the disc y, mounted on main shaft u, in the
manner hereinafter described :
1) The nozzle y¹ of disc y opens through lever h' simultaneously the gas valve g¹
and the inlet valve l.
2) The adjustable bolt of disc y actuates the ignition slide by abutting against
angle lever k in co-operation with spring f.
3) The nozzle y, occupying on disc y a different position relatively to nozzle y¹,
opens the exhaust valve by aid of lever h².
4) A regulation can be effected through regulating pendulum p by means of the
stop or projection y³ provided on disc y.
In four-time motors therefore all mechanisms are actuated by disc y. The regulation
of the improved motor is so arranged, that when the engine works at an excessive
speed, the gas valve is kept closed.
Fig. 3 is a detail showing the same regulating device as applied to a motor, in which
the regulation is so effected as to cause the air in the fore portion of the working
cylinder to be compressed either in a lesser degree, than is the case with normal working
of the motor, or not at all, which purpose can be accomplished by correspondingly
keeping open the valve V of the working space.
With every revolution of the driving shaft, the stop y³ of disk y abuts against
an easily movable roll R provided on the oscillating lever p. Thereby the said lever
is thrown aside to an extent dependent on its weight. By means of a set screw S
connected as shewn with the pendulum and forming an abutment for the angle
lever W, the proper distance of the latter from the extremity of said screw, that is
to say, the normal extent of deflection of lever p, can be precisely regulated. Each
normal revolution of the shaft causes the end of screw S, if correspondingly adjusted,
to closely approach the angle piece W without coming in contact therewith. When
however the shaft exceeds its normal speed, the stop y³ comes into more energetic
contact with roll R and consequently the pendulum is turned aside farther than with
normal speed. The disc y being so mounted on the driving shaft, that the deflection
of the pendulum takes place shortly before the valve V tends to reclose, that is to
say, shortly before the arrival of the working piston at its rear dead point, the set
screw S abuts against the longer arm of angle piece W and presses it for an instant
onto the guide pin of the valve. Consequently the descending valve is detained by
the top of said angle arm engaging into the recess of the valve pin. Thereby the
air is allowed to re-escape entirely or to a great extent through the suction valve V.
With the next return stroke of the piston, the valve is slightly raised and the angle
lever W allowed to return into its normal position. The pressure of pendulum lever
against the nozzle disc y can be regulated by means of the displaceable poise
plate c.
P
To use petroleum as motive agent in the improved engine, the evaporating
apparatus hereafter described may be suitably employed. The evaporator is merely
incorporated in the motor, while the gas valve is either made considerably smaller or
replaced by a small slide, which however must occupy the same place. This arrange-
ment is shewn in Fig 2. The requisite petroleum vapour is produced as follows by

page_text: proper a, the upright cooling pipe s and the reservoir H.
The evaporator proper resembles in its arrangement a low pressure steam generator
and consists of:
1) The mantle or jacket M with heating channel i¹, water gauge s' and outlet
cock b.
2) The cover with manometer and vapour pipe d, cock h and heating body H.
3) The bottom piece e with connecting muffle for the waste vapours.
The apparatus works as follows:
Methylated spirits or any other easily combustible liquid is poured into the channel i i
and inflamed. Thereby the inner sides of this channel, and a larger or smaller
portion of the mantle surface according to the quantity of combustible liquid contained
in the channel, and the petroleum in the evaporator a commences to evaporate.
The apparatus is to work with a pressure of 0, 2 atmospheres, which can be ascer-
tained from the manometer. The distance between the levels of the petroleum
contained respectively in the evaporator a and in the reservoir K corresponds,
in working, to the height of a petroleum column capable of balancing the said
pressure.
A sufficient amount of petroleum vapour having been generated, the motor is started
in the same manner as ordinary gas motors. In the construction shown in the
drawing, a small ignition slide 2 is employed for the admission of the petroleum
vapour. Beside the cock h, a self-acting safety valve v and a small stuffing box flare
situated between the evaporating apparatus and slide 2. The flame from the
combustible liquid is extinguished when the heating body H is sufficiently heated by
the escaping vapours to enable the latter to evaporate with every stroke the requisite
quantity of petroleum, which can be ascertained by experiments for each particular
motor.
When the pressure in the apparatus becomes excessive, the petroleum column is
forced towards the reservoir, which is safe from running over owing to its considerably
larger cubic capacity. The upright tube may moreover be provided with ribs or with
a water jacket for cooling purposes. With greater pressure, also the evaporating
surface decreases, and an equal amount of thermal units being always supplied, the
fluctuations of pressure can never be so great as to cause interruption in the working
of the engine, as the heating surface has to be empirically predetermined for every
size of motor. The air is admitted into the motor through an ordinary suction
valve o.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
In a gas motor applicable also as a petroleum motor by incorporating therein a
petroleum evaporating apparatus,
1) A regulating disc mounted on the driving shaft and adapted to so perform the
requisite functions for valve-motion, ignition and regulation as to operate the air
valve and gas valve by a heel or nozzle y', the exhaust valve by a heel or nozzle y³,
the ignition valve by a bolt z and the regulator by a stop or projection y in the
manner substantially as set forth.
2) A regulating device consisting of an oscillating lever or pendulum p, adapted
to be deflected by a stop or nozzle y provided on the regulating disc of the main
shaft, and to be so adjusted that any excess in deflection produced by higher than
normal speed of the motor causes the gas supply to be temporarily shut off, substantially
as illustrated and described.
3) A device for evaporating petroleum consisting of an open petroleum reservoir
communicating with an evaporating vessel, which occupies the intervening space
between two mantles, the inner of which mantles forms part of the exhaust conduit
of the petroleum motor and evaporates during the working of the latter the petroleum
contained in the said evaporating vessel, while the outer mantle of the latter is

page_text: "provided with a groove or channel ii serving to receive combustible liquid for the
initiatory evaporation, substantially as set forth.
4) The application, for producing the explosive mixture, of expanded petroleum
vapours, which pass, through a slide or valve z¹ or an analogously arranged slide:or
valve, during the period of suction by their own pressure to the inhaled air and mix
with the same, for the purpose of admitting of a simple air inlet valve arrangement,
substantially as set forth.
Dated this 5th day of April 1890.
FRITZ DÜRR.
'By Huelser.& Co.,
142, Fleet Street, London, Attorneys.