Improvements in the Construction of Casks or Barrels and Box Barrels or Packages, and in Machinery or Mechanism Used in the Manufacture of Barrels and Packages.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Casks or Barrels and Box
Barrels or Packages, and in Machinery or Mechanism Used in
the Manufacture of Barrels and Packages.
I, SAMUEL WRIGHT of 96 Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
.
My invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved construction of
cask or barrel and box barrel or package, which will enable any number of staves to
be fitted together and the barrels come out the same size and be much stronger and
more fluid tight than barrels and boxes or packages have been as heretofore
constructed. My invention also comprises new or improved constructions or
arrangements and combinations of mechanism and saws or cutters and knives and
lances for trussing, chiming, crozing, grooving and finishing the casks or barrels
and packages.
According to my invention the new or improved casks or barrels and the barrel-
boxes or packages are constructed of staves formed with tongues and grooves along
the opposite edges of their length, and are jointed and built together with the
advantage that any required number of them can be used to form or build the barrel
or package to the required size. For carrying liquids, the casks or barrels would
preferably be formed of an ordinary bulge and round or oval shape, and for carrying
dry goods the box barrels or packages would by a further improvement be formed of
a nearly square or rectangular shape in cross section with the corners or angles
rounded and slightly curved outwards at their sides, and slightly bulged, and would
not require to be lined with paper or tin as heretofore. The ends or chimes of the
casks used for liquids would be crozed and grooved, in the usual manner, for receiving
the heads, and for dry goods the barrels and packages would have their bottoms crozed
or checked and the heads put into rest upon a shoulder formed at the end of the
barrels or packages, and preferably made level at the ends with the chimes of the
staves, so that this form of box barrel might be packed or stowed on end above each
other when this was preferred.

page_text: After the staves are built up and the temporary truss hoops put on, the barrel or
package, so far formed either with tongued and grooved staves or with plain jointed
staves, would be placed in an improved construction of trussing, crozing and finishing
machine. The movable end frame or frames of this improved trussing machine is
traversed along to truss up the barrel or package by means of horizontal screw
spindles working in screw nuts secured on the end frames. These screw spindles are
rotated by spur gearing mounted on them at one end of the machine, so as to traverse
the end trussing frames on their planed slide bed carrying the whole machine. The
spur gearing would consist of a spur wheel mounted at the end of each screw spindle,
both in gear with an intermediate spur wheel mounted loosely on a central spindle
between them. One of the screw spindles would receive motion from reversing bands
and pulleys on a rotating first motion or counter shaft and would transmit it through
the intermediate loose spur wheel to the other pinion, so that both spur wheels would
act to rotate the screw spindles in either direction to traverse the end frames to or
from the barrel or package being trussed, to truss up the rings and staves or relieve
the barrel afterwards for being chimed and removed. These end trussing frames
would have four radial slide blocks fitted on slide guides on them, actuated by hand
screws at their outer ends; while their inner ends would have lateral projecting
screws or studs mounted on them, preferably so as to oscillate on stop bosses or
hinges to retain them in their lateral position, so as to carry pressing dogs or
blocks and jam nuts, for retaining these in position to take on to and press up the
trussing hoops. One of these in front on each trussing end frame would be made
so as to hinge outwards on its boss, and be locked or unlocked in its lateral
acting position, so as to take out finished casks and insert new ones ready for
being trussed and chimed.
A movable face plate would be mounted at each front inner end of the trussing
machine to bring the ends of the staves of the barrel or package to an even and
proper level before trussing them. The cask or barrel would be trussed up
stationary in the trussing machine, and its truss hoops put on, while its ends would
be chimed, crozed, and finished by lance or edge cutters, and knives mounted on
radiating expanding cross arms and spindles in a boss on a spindle rotated by
bands at each inner end of the machine close to the chiming end frames. These
horizontal arms would be formed with rack teeth working into a pinion on a
light spindle passed out through the hollow driving spindle of the boss and
actuated by hand at the ends of the machine, so as to be shifted laterally within
the barrel to chime and croze it as the cutters and arms are rotated; and turning
tools could be mounted on the ends of these arms to clean or turn off the insides
of the casks.
When oval or box barrels or packages are to be trussed, chimed and finished in
the trussing and crozing machine, they are rotated by a central hollow shaft having
mounted on it a boss with movable rack radial arms at right angles to each other,
actuated and adjusted by a central spur wheel with the boss on
a light shaft
passing out through the hollow driving shaft carried and driven in a double stock-
head frame secured to the bed slide frame at one end of the machine, and actuated
by belt and pulley gearing at a slow speed, either from the main first motion shaft
of the machine carried in the centre of the bed plate below, or from a counter
shaft actuating said shaft in the bed-plate of the machine which actuates the screw
spindles of chiming frames. The spur wheel would move outward the racks to
grip the inner surface of the box barrel or package, which would thus be rotated
as the central shaft rotates. The spindle of the spur wheel would be carried out
through the hollow driving spindle actuating the said boss and turned by hand
outside. A further improvement consists in mounting a light oscillating frame on the
driving shaft in the bed-plate, outside each of the two end trussing frames, and
carrying on their upper ends two short horizontal rotating spindles with bosses on
their projecting ends, and with saws and cutters for projecting within the ends of the
box barrel or package so as to cut the ends of these or their staves to the proper
length and chime and groove them or check them within to receive the closing ends,

page_text: the frame rocking to the shape and rounded corners of the cask or case, while the
cutters and saw are dressing and chiming it, cutting in the opposite direction to the
slowly rotating case actuated as before described. A rotating collar or guard would
be mounted at the ends of the swinging saw spindles to permit the saws and
knives to automatically adjust themselves to the distance required within the ends of
the case as the latter was rotated. Each of these rotating cutting spindles would be
driven by a small pulley mounted on the centre of its spindle, and a driving band
passed over another pulley on the shaft within the bed frame, and moved longitudinally
along with the oscillating frame on this shaft by a hand screw spindle or other
equivalent fitted on the oscillating frame connected to a screw bush oscillating in a
segmental slot in each of the trussing frames. These oscillating frames carrying the
saw and cutter spindles would be mounted with a hand lever or treadle lever in front,
to throw their cutter spindles into or out of action against the power of a counter-
weight and cord attached to and mounted at their back end, and passed over guide
pulleys, so as to draw the spindle and cutters into action with any desired degree of
tension when the lever in front was disengaged from its holding catch retaining the
oscillating frame with its cutters out of action. When desired both the casks and
packages may be rotated within the trussing machine by passing an endless belt
round their outer surface or around a hoop temporarily secured on them, and
driving same from a pulley on the said counter shaft, the belt being tightened up by
a movable tightening pulley and lever or other equivalent to bring it to the required
tension. After the casks and packages have been thus chimed, crozed, and finished
in the trussing machine, they are rolled out by unscrewing and separating the two
end trussing frames, ready to put on the permanent hoops and ends, and a new temporary
trussed barrel or box barrel inserted, to be treated all as hereinbefore described.
ليهم
1000

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Casks or Barrels and Box
Barrels or Packages, and in Machinery or Mechanism Used in
the Manufacture of Barrels and Packages.
I, SAMUEL WRIGHT, of 96 Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying two Sheets
of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved construction of
cask or barrel, and box-barrel or package, which will enable any number of staves
to be fitted together and the barrels come out the same size and be much stronger and
more fluid-tight than barrels and boxes or packages have been as heretofore con-
structed. My invention also comprises new or improved constructions, or arrange-
ments and combinations of mechanism and saws or cutters and knives and lances for
trussing, chiming, crozing, grooving, and finishing the casks or barrels and
packages.
And in order that my said invention, and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood I have hereunto appended
two explanatory Sheets of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are used to
indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 are a longitudinal elevation, partly in section, and a
plan respectively, of my new or improved construction of machine for trussing,
crozing, grooving and finishing casks or barrels and box barrels or packages. Figure 3
on Sheet 2 is an end elevation looking at the left hand or gearing end of the machine,
and Figure 4 a transverse section as taken on the line 1---1 of Figure 1, looking in
the same direction. Figures 5 and 6 are detached detail views to an enlarged scale
of the slides and their dogs or grippers which secure the barrel or package in the
headstocks A, A', while being operated on in the machine. Figures 7 and 8 are an
end view and plan detached to a large scale, of the cutters and saw for chiming and
crozing the ends of the cask or package, to show the details of construction more
clearly. Figure 1A on Sheet 1 shows a sectional end view taken on the line 1---1
of Figure 1, of a round cask, constructed according to my improvements with tongued
and grooved staves. Figures 1B and 1C show enlarged sections of a single stave
to illustrate the construction of the tongues or feathers and grooves more clearly.
Figures 9, 10 and 11 on Sheet show a side and end section and end view respec-
tively of a box-barrel or package of a square character with rounded corners, and
formed with tongued and grooved staves, all in accordance with my improvements.
Referring to Figures 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, and 9, 10 and 11 of these Drawings :-
According to my invention the new or improved casks or barrels and the barrel-boxes
or packages are constructed of staves Z, Z, formed with tongues and grooves, ¹,
along the opposite edges of their length, preferably of a V-shape, as shown in

page_text: Figure 1B, a section of a stave to a large scale, but it might be tongued and
feathered with flat tops and bottoms as shown in Figure 1C, and are joined hild
built together with the advantage that any required number of them can be used to
form or build ta barrel or package to the required size, and either eff round or oval
shape as shown in Figure 1A or of the new rectangular shape with round corners,
in transverse section, as shown in Figures 9, 10, and 11. For carrying liquids the
casks or barrels are preferably formed of an ordinary bulge and round or oval shape.
And for carrying dry goods, tea, and such like substances the box-barrels or
packages are by a further improvement formed of a nearly square or rectangular
shape in cross section with the corners or angles rounded and slightly curved out-
wards at their sides, and slightly bulged, and the starves being tongued and grooved
would not require to be lined with paper or tin as heretofore, and as shown in
Figures 9, 10 and 11. The ends or chimes Z2 of the casks used for liquids are crozed
and grooved in the usual manner, as shown at either at one end as shown in
Figure 9, or it may be at both ends, for receiving the heads; but for dry goods or
tea, the barrels and packages, may have their upper ends crozed or checked and the
heads put in from the outer end to rest upon the shoulder or check formed at the end
of the barrels or packages, as shown at 3, and which may be made level or nearly
level at the ends with the chimes of the staves, so that this form of box-barrel Z
might be packed or stowed on end gibove ea h other when this was preferred, as shown
in Figure 9. These tongued and grooved staves Z, Z, whether for the round, oval,
square or box-shape of arrel desired, would all be shaped and jointed as described
in the Specification chiny former Patent No. 6456 May 1887 ready for being built
together.
Referring to Figures 1. and 2 to 8 of these Drawings:-After the staves Z, Z,
are built up and the truss hoops Y, Y, temporarily put on in any usual manner, the
barrel or package, so far formed either with the said tongued and grooved staves, or
with plain jointed staves, is placed and treated as hereinafter described in the
improved construction of trussing, crozing, and finishing machine shown in these
Figures. The movable end frame A' or frames A, A', of this improved trussing
machine, are formed of a strong annular shape with broad basement soles A², and the
outer end one A' is traversed by its slide base A2, along on the planed bed B, of
the bed plate B', to truss up the barrel or package Z, Z, by means of two horizontal
screw spindles C, C, working in screw nuts A secured on the end frame A'. These
screw spindles (), C, are carried in journal bearings at C opposite each other in.
the end frame A, and fixed gearing standard frame D, and are rotated by spur
gearing c, c, c², mounted on them at one end of the machine, so as to traverse the
end trussing frame A¹ (or it might be both frames A, A') on the planed slide bed B
of the bed frame B', secured to a suitable strong foundation to carry the whole
machine. The spur gearing c, e¹, c², consists of a spur wheel c, c¹, mounted at the
end of each screw spindle C, C', both in gear with an intermediate spur wheel c²,
mounted loosely by its hollow eve spindle c³ in a bearing eye D' in the end standard
supporting the gearing, and on the hollow shaft F. The lower screw spindle C has
its fouter end carried in a bush bearing at C" in the end standard D¹, carrying the
gearing and bolted by broad basement flanges D³, the same as the standard Ď, to the
bel plate B', and receives motion from reversing pulleys I, 1', and open and close
bands II with a slack pulley I between them, actuated from a rotating first-
motion or counter-shaft, not shown in the Drawings, the belt being shifted by a fork
sliding bar motion shown at I at the back of the. pulleys I, I', in brackets I*, to give
the reverse motions to the screw spindles C, C, as indicated by the arrows on the
driving bands Figures 1 and 2, but they might oe actuated by a shifting clutch
mounted on the shaft C, between the pulleys I, I' instead of the slack pulley I".
Motion would be transmitted from the lower wheel c through the intermediate loose
spur wheel c² to the other wheel c' on the spindle C so that both spur wheels would
act to rotate the screw spindles C, C in either direction to traverse the end frame A¹
to or from the barrel or package Z being trussed, to truss up the rings Y, Y¹, and
staves Z, or relieve the barrel afterwards for being chimed and removed. These end
•

page_text: using frames A, A¹, have four radial slide blocks a fitted on slide guites A³ on them,
actuated Uv band screws a¹ at their outer ends; while their inner ends have lateral
projecting screws or studs a mounted on them, preferably so as to ccillate on stop
bosses or hinges a to retain them in their lateral position, so as to carry pressing
dogs or blocks a³ with jam nuts, for retaining these dogs a³ in position to take on to
and press up the trussing hoops Y, Y₁. One of these swivelling spindles and
dogs a², a³ in front on each trussing end frame A, A, is made so as to binge outward
on its boss a¹, and be locked or unlocked by the locker h in its lateral acting position,
so as to take out finished casks and insert new oues ready for being trussed and
chimed, as seen particularly in the enlarged views Figures 5 and 6.
A movable face plate is or may be mounted at a on the slides a at each front inner
end of the trussing machine to bring the ends of the staves Z of the barrel or
package to an even and proper level before trussing them, as dotted-in in Figures 5,
6, and 9.
When round or oval box-barrels or packages are to be trussed, chimed, and finished
in the trussing and crozing machine, they are, by one arrangement, rotated by a
central hollow shaft F, having mounted on it a boss F", with movable toothed rack
radial arms ff, at right angles to each other actuated and adjusted by a central spur,
wheel F within the boss F secured on the inmer end of a light shaft F3 passing out
through the hollow driving shaft F, carried anul driven in the double stock-head
frame D, D¹, secured to the bed slide frame Badone end of the machine, and
actuated by the belt pulley g mounted on it by a groove and feather, and carried by
a hollow eye spindle F', working in a bearing D in the top of the standard Di
and driven by an open belt g' at a slow speed from a pulley g₁ on a counter-shaft g
carried in standards S, close to the back of the bed frame B, B1, B2, and actuated by a
pulley and belts at g*, from the main or an intermediate counter shaft, which actuates
the bolts I2 I, but not shown in the Drawings. The hollow shaft may be held in
any desired longitudinal position to which it is set by a pinching screw through the
hollow driving boss F1 or by a swivelling gab mounted on the lateral stud F5
secured in the end frame D¹. The spur wheel F when turned in one direction moves
the racks outwards, so as to cause their circumferential ends f¹ to grip the inner
surface of the barrel or box-barrel Z or Z, which would thus be rotated as the central
hollow shaft F, rotates. The spindle F³, of the spur wheel F2, is carried out through
the hollow driving spindle. F actuating the said boss F1 and turned by a screw
wheels, and hand screw spindle f*, carried on the end of the outer hollow shaft F.
A first-motion high-speed shaft G is mounted preferably in journal bearings G1,
formed on the transverse webs of the lower part B2 of the sole plate or frame bed B',
and which might be all covered in except where the two belt pulleys G2 are mounted
on the shafts G for the belts G¹¹ to pass up and actuate the pulleys El on the end
spindles E which carry the saws and cutters for chiming the cask, as will be herein-
after described. This shaft D is driven at a high speed by the fast and loose
small pulleys g³, g, mounted on its overhung end, and actuated by a belt g from
large pulley on the first motion counter-shaft, not shown in the Drawings, and shifted
by the hand fork lever g mounted on a bracket 9 at the lower part of the end
frame D¹.
a
A further improvement consists in mounting a light oscillating frame E2 by bush
bearings E at its lower ends on each side of the pulleys G² on the driving shaft G,
carried in the bed plate B¹, outside each of the two end trussing frames A, A', and
carrying in bearings E', E¹, on their upper ends, the two short horizontal rotating
spindles E, with bosses e on their projecting ends, and with the saws e¹ and
cutters ee for projecting within the open ends of the barrel or box-barrel Z or Z
as shown to a large scale in Figures 7 and 8, so as to cut the ends of these or the
staves to the proper length, and chime and groove them as at or check them within
as at to receive the closing ends, the frames E2, and their spindles E rocking to
the shape and rounded corners of the cask or case, while the saws e¹ cut the ends of
the cask to their exact length, while the cutters e², el, are dressing and chiming it,
cutting in the opposite direction to the slowly rotating barrel case actuated as before

page_text: described. A rotating disc collar or guide guard e³ is mounted. on the inner end of
the swinging saw spindles E, all secured by a nut e to permit the saws and knives to
automatically adjust themselves radially to the distance required within the ends of the
cask or case as the latter was rotated. Each of these rotating cutting spindles E is
driven by a small pulley E", mounted on the centre of its spindle E, between its
bearings E, in the frame E2, and a driving band G₁ passed over another pulley G² on
the lower shaft G within the bed frame B, B¹, and moved longitudinally along with
its oscillating frame E2 on this shaft by a hand screw spindle E, or other equivalent,
fitted on the oscillating frame E2 passed through a screw bush at E³ oscillating in a
segmental slot in each of the trussing frames A, A¹, as seen more particularly in
Figures 1 and 4. These oscillating frames E2 carrying the saw and cutter spindles E,
are mounted with a bow handle at J in front, to throw their cutter spindles E into or
out of action against the power of a counter weight and cord J, attached to, and
mounted at, their back over guide pulleys J2 carried to slide on studs J, and so as to
draw the spindle and cutters into action with any desired degree of tension against
the power of the weight and cord J which takes them out of action. When desired,
both the casks and packages Z or Z1 may be rotated within the trussing machine, by
passing an endless belt round their outer surface, or around a hoop temporarily
secured on them, and driving same by a band j, indicated by dotted lines in
Figures 1 and 2, from a pulley on the before-mentioned counter-shaft g², the band j
being tightened up by a movable tightening pulley j¹, carried on a lever, oscillating
loose on the shaft 92, and actuated by a counter weighed treadle lever and rod j³, juli,
fulcrumed on a spindle j, as seen more particularly in Figure 4, the barrel Z rotating
while the foot is on the treadle j³ only.
Under another arrangement, the round cask or barrel Z, after being trussed up and
held stationary in the trussing machine, and its truss hoops Y, Y', put on, may have
its ends chimed, crozed, and finished by lance or edge cutters and knives similar
to e², el, mounted on radiating expanding cross arms similar to f, f¹, in a boss as Fl
with cross guides on a hollow spindle as F instead of the spindle E, rotated by bands
such as G, at each inner end of the machine close to the chiming end frames A A¹.
These radiating arms ff, with the cutters e², ell, on their outer ends, would be
formed with rack teeth working into a pinion or pinions on a light central spindle
passed out through the hollow driving spindle of the boss, said spindle being shifted
longitudinally in the axial line of the arms ff, shifted by hand from the outside
radially within the barrel Z to chime and croze it as the cutters e", e², and arms f,f¹,
are rotated; and turning tools could be mounted on the ends of these arms f
to clean or turn off the insides of the casks. After the casks and packages Z, Z¹
have been thus chimed, crozed, and finished in the trussing machine, they are
rolled out by unscrewing and separating the two end trussing frames A, A', ready for
putting on the permanent hoops and ends, and a new temporary trussed barrel or box-
barrel inserted to be treated all as hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. A cask or barrel constructed of staves Z formed with tongues and
grooves, along the opposite edges of their length, substantially as herein described
in reference to and shown in Figures 1, 1A, 1B, and 1C, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Second. A box-barrel or package constructed of approximate square or rectangular
shape in transverse section, with the corners or angles rounded, and having the
staves Z formed with tongues and grooves, ¹, along the opposite edges of their
length, substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 9, 10,
and 11 of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In a cask or barrel trussing, crozing, and finishing machine, the traversing
of the end frame A¹ or frames A, A, by horizontal screw spindles C, C¹ and nuts A+
rotated by spur gearing consisting of a spur wheel c, c¹, on the end of each spindle C, C¹,

page_text: both in gear with an intermediate spur wheel, working loosely on a central spindle c
or F between them, motion being primarily transmitted to the gearing from open and
cross reversing bands and pulleys from any adjacent rotating shaft substantially as
and in the manner herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Fourth. In a machine for trussing, crozing, and finishing barrels or box-barrels, the
rotating of these by a central hollow shaft F on which is mounted a boss with movable
rack radial segmental arms F" actuated and adjusted by a central spur wheel F2 on a
shaft F3, passing out through the hollow driving shaft F carried and driven in a
double stockhead frame D, D at one end of the machine, and actuated by belt and
pulley gearing substantially as and in the manner herein described in reference to and
shown in the accompanying drawings.
Fifth. In a machine for trussing, crozing, and finishing barrels or box-barrels, the
mounting of an oscillating frame on the driving shaft G in the bed plate B¹ outside each
of the two end trussing frames A, A', and carrying on their upper ends two horizontal
rotating spindles E with bosses e on their projecting ends, and with saws e' and
cutters, ee, with guide disc e³ for projecting within the ends of the barrel or box-
barrel to cut the ends of the staves Z or Z to the proper length and chime and
groove them, said rotating cutting spindle E being driven by belt and pulley gearing,
and moved longitudinally by hand screw spindles e, substantially as and in the manner
herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. In a round cask or barrel trussing, crozing, and finishing machine, the
chiming, crozing, and finishing of the ends of the barrels while being held stationary,
by lance or edge cutters and knives mounted on radiating expanding cross arms and
spindles in a boss on a hollow spindle rotated by bands, at each inner end of the
machine in the axial line of the barrel, said arms being formed with rack teeth
working into a pinion or pinions on a spindle passing through the hollow driving
spindle of boss, and actuated by hand, so as to be shifted radially within the barrel to
chime and croze it, as the cutters and arms are rotated substantially as and in the
manner herein described in reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this 24th November 1888.