Improvements in Fittings for Convertible Sashes, Fanlights, and Casements, such Improvements being also Applicable to other Analogous Purposes.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 5th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 5th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 5th July, 1887.
Improvements in Fittings for Convertible Sashes, Fanlights, and
Casements, such Improvements being also Applicable to other
Analogous Purposes.
I ROBERT ADAMS of 17 Blackman Street, Southwark in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
--
My invention relates to the methods of converting sliding window sashes into
revolving sashes, described in my former Specifications No. 91281 and 4934** and the
object of my present invention is to effect further improvements therein; such
improvements or some of them being also applicable to fanlights, casements and other
articles of an analogous nature.
In carrying out one part of my invention I divide the sash stiles or provide slips to
such sash stiles, and unite and fit the same with pivots, tongues, draught excluders,
and other necessary fittings, or some one or more of them, as described in the above
mentioned Specifications, or improved forms of such fittings, but in addition thereto,
or in substitution for some of the devices therein described, I fit one or more screw or
screws in each of the sash stiles, which screws may be caused to pass through the stiles
and enter suitable holes or analogous provisions formed in or on the slips, the holes
being preferably bushed or formed of metal. When the screws are "driven" by a
screw-driver or other means, the screws draw the slips close up to the stiles, thereby
firmly uniting the slips to the stiles, and making them equivalent to, and act
as, simply sliding sashes. When the screws are withdrawn (by unscrewing) from the
slips, such slips slightly recede from the stiles and the sashes are then sustained
only by the pivots, upon which they may be caused to rotate for purposes of cleaning,
repairing or ventilating.
The screws may be common wood screws, which may be turned by an ordinary
screw-driver, but I sometimes prefer to use a form of screw specially prepared for
the purpose, in some cases being so made that they cannot be entirely withdrawn and
thus become lost or misplaced, and such last mentioned screws are mounted with
metallic or other mounts or bosses, so that frequent use may not injure the wearing

page_text: portions of the fittings and such fittings are more readily manipulated, and the sash
controlled or fastened at any angle.
In carrying out that part of my invention which relates to the means adopted for
excluding draught by means of tongues, sliding in or entering grooves or slots, as
described in the specifications above referred to or by means of improved forms
thereof, I sometimes actuate such tongues by means of small toothed pinions fitted
into the stiles, which pinions engage corresponding toothed racks formed in or upon
the tongues. By turning the pinions by keys or equivalent means, in combination
with some of the devices and fittings described in my said former specifications, the
tongues are lifted, lowered, propelled, or withdrawn, as desired.
In applying this improvent to casements, French windows, fanlights and
analogous articles, the tongues may be, divided into two parts, one part being made to
ascend while the other is made to descend at the same time. This is effected by using
two pinions geared together, one pinion actuating the upper tongue and the other the
lower tongue, the whole being operated simultaneously by the key or other means.
The upper tongue may be made to enter a suitable hole, or engage a stop, formed in or
on the lintel, and the lower tongue entering a similar hole, or engaging a stop, formed
in or on the sill whereby the tongues may act as fasteners, as well as draught
excluders.
In some cases I am enabled, by a suitable manipulation of the tongues, to dispense
with the ordinary beads to the sliding sashes, and make use of the tongues as
substitutes for such beads, guiding the sashes in their vertical movements and thereby
rendering the fittings to the windows simple, cheap, secure, and efficient.
It is obvious that screws, bosses, escutcheons, and other appliances not hereinbefore
particularly mentioned may be necessary to render my invention complete in all its
details.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fittings for Convertible Sashes, Fanlights, and
Casements, such Improvements being also Applicable to other
Analogous Purposes.
I, ROBERT ADAMS, of 17 Blackman Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to the methods of making and also of converting sliding
window sashes into revolving sashes, described in my former Specifications Nos. 91281
and 49344; and the object of my present invention is to effect further improvements
therein, such improvements, or some of them, being also applicable to fanlights, case-
ments, and other articles of an analogous nature.
In carrying out one part of my invention, I divide the sash stiles, or provide slips
to such sash stiles, and unite and fit the same with pivots tongues, draught excluders,
and other necessary fittings, or some one or more of them, as described in the above
mentioned Specifications, or improved forms of such fittings; but in addition thereto,
or in substitution for some of the devices therein described, I fit one or more screw. or
screws in each of the sash stiles, which screws may be caused to pass through the stiles,
and enter suitable holes or analogous provisions formed in or on the slips and stiles; the
holes being preferably bushed or formed of metal. When the screws are "driven "
by a screw-driver, or other means, the screws draw the slips close up to the stiles;
thereby firmly uniting the slips to the stiles, and making them practically equivalent
to solid stiles, and resemble and act as, simple or ordinary sliding sashes. When the
screws are withdrawn (by unscrewing) or otherwise liberated from the slips, such
slips slightly recede from the stiles, on reversing the sashes, which are then sustained
by the pivots, upon which they may be caused to rotate for purposes of cleaning,
repairing, or ventilating.
The screws may be those commonly called wood screws, or any other kind of screws,
which may be turned by an ordinary or other screw driver or other means; but I
sometimes prefer to use a form of screw specially prepared for the purpose, in some
cases being so made that they cannot be entirely withdrawn and thus become lost or
misplaced; and such last mentioned screws are mounted with metallic or other mounts
or bosses, so that frequent use may not injure the wearing portions of the fittings, and
such fittings are more readily manipulated and the sash controlled or fastened at any
angle by means of a stay hereinafter more particularly described, or as described in
my former patent No. 27188.
In carrying out that part of my invention which relates to the means adopted for
excluding draught, by means of tongues, sliding in or entering grooves or slots, as
described in the Specifications above referred to, or by means of improved forms
thereof, I sometimes actuate such tongues by means of small toothed pinions fitted
into the stiles, which pinions engage corresponding toothed racks formed in or upon

page_text: the tongues. By turning the pinions by keys or equivalent means, in combination
with some of the devices and fittings described in my said former specifications, the
tongues are lifted, lowered, propelled or withdrawn, as desired.
°
In applying this improvement to casements, French windows, fanlights and analo-
gous articles, the tongues may be divided into two parts, one part being made to ascend
while the other is made to descend at the same time. This is effected by using two
pinions geared together, or their equivalents, one pinion actuating the upper tongue
and the other the lower tongue, the whole being operated simultaneously by the key
or other means. The upper tongue may be made to enter a suitable hole, or engage a
stop, formed in or on the lintel, and the lower tongue entering a similar hole, or
engaging a stop, formed in or on the sill; whereby the tongues may act as fasteners,
as well as draught excluders.
In some cases I am enabled, by a suitable manipulation of the tongues, to dispense
with the ordinary beads to the sliding sashes, and make use of the tongues as substi-
tutes for such beads, guiding the sashes in their vertical movements, and thereby
rendering the fittings to the windows simple, cheap secure and efficient.
It is obvious that screws, bosses, escutcheons and other appliances not herein before
particularly mentioned, may be necessary or advisable to render my invention complete
in all its details.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings in which similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is an edge view of a sash stile, and Fig. 2 a side view of the same, shewing
my improved tongue bolt for convertible sashes. a is the sash stile, b. b are two sliding
bolts or tongues. These tongues are projected by means of the handle c, as shewn in
Figs. 1 and 2, and also in the cross-section, Fig. 3 in which d is the slip to which the
ordinary cord is attached. e is the lock plate; the internal mechanism of the lock is
shewn in Figs. 6. 7. 8. 9 and 10. The lock is mortised into the stile a. In Fig. 6
the lock is shewn complete. In Fig. 7 the outer plate is shewn removed.
In Fig. 8
the tongues b. b are removed, to shew the position of the toothed wheels, ff. In
Fig. 9 the internal ends of the tongues b. 6 are shewn. Short racks g. g are fixed to
the tongues. These tongues carry sliding blocks h, which slide in grooves i. i. The
handle c is fitted with an internal collar into one of the square sockets of the wheels f. f.
These wheels, on being caused to rotate, actuate the racks 9 g and thereby project, or
withdraw the tongues b. b. In Figs. 6 and 7, the tongues b. 6 are shewn withdrawn
to the level of the lock-plate e. In Fig. 10 the tongues b. b are shewn projected, as
in Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a side view of one of the plates 63 carrying the guide pin 6'; which
guide pins work in the slots 64 fitted at each end of the tongues b.
The foregoing arrangement with obvious modifications is applicable to casements,
French, and other analogous forms of windows, and may be used as fastenings for
the same.
Fig. 11 is a sectional view shewing another modification in mounting convertible
sashes in accordance with my invention. a a are the stiles, and d d the slips. The
screw k may be placed at any convenient part of the stile; at the centre, or above,
or below the centre. The screws Il pass through the stiles to the slips as shewn in
Figs. 11 and 12.
By means of the screws II the slips d d are drawn close up to and practically form
a part of the sliding sash; and in order more effectually to exclude draught, the
tongues m m are fitted to the stiles. In some cases I fit corrugated steel or other
springs behind the tongues m m. When the stiles a a and slips d d are drawn
together by the screws 17 the sash may be drawn up and down, as in the case of
ordinary sashes. But when the screws are withdrawn from the slips d d the sash
may be revolved upon the working centre k; there being always sufficient play
between a and d to allow the tongues m m to slide past the faces of the slips dd.
It is obvious that this arrangement may be applied to swing windows and fanlights of
various forms and construction.

page_text: Figs. 13 and 14 are elevations shewing an improved method of operating the lock shewn
in Figs. 5. 67 and 8 of my former Letters Patent No. 4934. Instead of operating such
locks by means of a key, in this instance I fit pins no to the lock. In the position
shewn in Fig. 13 the pins no are flush with the stile, and the slip d is drawn close by
the hook d. The pins n. o fit into suitable holes made in the stile. When it is desired
to release the stile a from the slip da brad-awl or analogous tool is passed into the
hole at o, and the pin being pushed inwards, as shewn in Fig. 14, the hook d¹ becomes
released, and the pin n is projected outwards, as shewn. By pressing the pin n
inwards the device is again locked, and the position of the pin n indicates the position
of the lock.
is a
Another modification of my invention is shewn in Figs. 15. 16. 17 and 18, which
is a method of silently closing my convertible window sashes, whether hung as sashes
or as fanlights or otherwise. a is the sash, to which a pillar staple p is fitted.
pneumatic cylinder fitted with a piston r and valves s t. u is the piston rod, which
is pressed inwards by the spring v.
When the window is opened the spring is compressed, the air entering behind the
piston, through the valve s; and as the angle of the sashes, from the vertical, is
increased, the power of the spring is increased in a like proportion, so as to counter-
balance the sash. A cord w is used to hold the sash in position.
When the cord w is let go, the spring closes the sash without any concussion, by
the compression of the air which takes place in the cylinder 9 between the piston
and the valves. The outgoing air is controlled by the screw t¹, and can be regulated
to any speed.
In Fig. 18 the inlet valve is shewn formed in the piston u.
My improvements relating to casement stays is shewn in Figs. 19 and 20. A rack x
having perforations for admitting a pin, at the end of the stay y is fitted as shown.
The stay y is jointed for both vertical and horizontal radial motions.
I sometimes fit sliding sashes with a rack z. (Fig. 21) in any convenient position,
and a pawl bolt is fitted on the frame, or on the top of the lower sash, or in any
other suitable position, so as to sustain the weight of the sash and secure the same as
desired.
The bolt is pressed forward by an enclosed spring, and the rack can be released
by drawing back the bolt and giving it a quarter turn, as shewn by dotted lines.
All holes and other parts liable to wear are preferably bushed or otherwise protected
by metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The method of and means and appliances for fitting tongues to convertible sashes,
casements, fanlights and other articles of an analogous nature, substantially as herein-
before described and shewn in Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. and 10 of the drawings.
2. The method of and means and appliances for converting sliding sashes into
revolving sashes, substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn in Figs. 11 and 12
of the drawings.
3. The improved method of operating the locks comprised in my said Letters
Patent No. 49344, substantially as herein before described and shewn in Figs. 13 and 14
of the drawings.
4. In combination with my said improvements in convertible sashes as aforesaid,
the manufacture and use of the improved casement stay and perforated rack, substan-
tially as herein before described and shewn in Figs. 19 and 20 of the drawings.
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicant.