Improvements in Windows.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Mar., 1897-Accepted, 29th Jan., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Windows.
I, FRANK STARACE, Gentleman, of 2204, First Avenue, New York, in the
County and State of New York, in the United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention has relation to windows, and more particularly to the construc-
tion of the upper and lower sashes; and the object is to provide a window in
which the sashes are hinged to the sash frames so that the sashes can be opened
for ventilation, without lowering or raising the sash-frames, or to have access
to the outside of the glass to clean it or to remove the sash entirely and insert
screens in the place occupied by the sash in the sash-frame; and to these ends
the invention consists in the construction, combination and arrangement of the
same as will be hereinafter more fully described and particularly pointed out in
the claims.
In the accompanying drawings the same figures of reference indicate the same
parts of the invention.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved window,
Figure 2 is a perspective view with the sashes open,
Figure 3 is a similar view, with the sashes removed and wire frames inserted
in the sash frames,
Figure 4 is a vertical cross section on the line -r of Figure 1,
Figure 5 is a horizontal section on the line a-a of Figure 1,
Figure 6 is a horizontal section on the line b-b, of Figure 1,
Figure is a horizontal section on the line cc,
Figure 8 is a horizontal section on the line d—d,
Figure 9 is a horizontal section on the line e-e,
Figure 10 is a perspective view of the right hand hinge, and
Figure 11 is a cross section of the sash lock connecting the bottom rail of the
top sash and the top rail of the bottom sash.
2 represents the window frame, and it is of the usual construction.
3 is the upper sash frame, and 4 is the lower sash frame, both of which slide
vertically in the usual manner, and are provided with counterbalance weights
after the ordinary form.
The upper sash frame 3 is provided with two vertically hinged panel frames 5
and 6, each one of which is formed with a pivot stud 7, working in an elongated
hole 8 in the bottom rail, and with a pivot screw stud 9, each of which passes
through an elongated hole 10 in the top rail of the sash proper; and these
studs 7-9 form the hinge on which said panels swing, and the tops, bottoms
and outer sides of said panels are formed with beads 12, which fit corresponding
recesses 13, in the sash frame, to render the joints air, water and dust proof,
while the adjoining sides of the panels have a broken joint to accomplish the
same purpose, the side rail of the panel 5 being formed with a semi-circular

page_text: recess 14, and the side rail of the panel 6 with a convex rib 15, which lies in
the recess 14, when both panels are closed, as shown.
The pivot-screw studs 9 are connected by a spiral spring 16, which exerts its
tension to draw the adjoining side rails together and keep the joint between
them tight.
17 is a double spring catch, secured by a screw 18 on the top rail of the
bottom sash frame, and it serves to engage the lower rail of one or both of the
panels 5 and 6, to hold them open, as shown in Figure 2.
The upper sash frame and its hinged panel frames are preferably formed of
metal, and the sash frame is provided with wooden border strips 19-19, secured
thereto by countersunk head screws 20, extending entirely around to give a
finish to the whole, and reduce the weight and friction of the sash when sliding
in the window frame.
By removing the screw studs 9-9 and spring 16 from the upper rail, the
panels 5 and 6 may be readily removed and replaced by a wire net frame 21
inserted as shown in Figure 3.
22 is a bevel faced spring bolt, one of which is located in each of the outer side
rails of the panel frames 5 and 6, and the bevel face thereof engages an orifice 23
in the adjoining side rail of the sash frame, to lock the panels from the inside
when they are closed as shown in Figure 6, and these orifices 23 also serve to
engage similar bolts 24, on the wire frames 21 when inserted as above described.
25 is a spring lever fulcrumed on a screw 26 on the inner top of the bottom
rail of the upper sash frame, and its free or swinging end is provided with a
handle, 27, formed with an integral pin, which has a vertical movement with
the end of said lever; and said spring lever serves to press the pin into a recess 29
in the top rail of the bottom sash, which forms a burglar proof lock for the
window. When it is desired to raise the bottom or lower the top sash frame,
the handle 27 raises the pin out of the recess 29 so that the lever 25 may be
turned in the radial path 291 into a position parallel with its rail, and when
the handle is released, the spring forces the pin into a recess 30, Fig. 7, in said
rail, and locks the lever in this position, so it will not interfere with the
manipulation of the sash frame.
The lower sash frame 4 is provided with an elongated bolt 31, located on the
inner side of the left hand rail near its bottom, and with an inclined slot or
recess 32 in the same position on the opposite side rail and studs 33-34,
secured to the panel frame 35, work in these holes and form a horizontal hinge for
the panel frame in the sash frame; and when closed as shown in Figure 1, two
spring bolts 36-37, hold it in place; and by releasing the spring bolts the panel
frame may be lowered on its hinged studs to the position shown in Figure 2,
and by tilting up the right hand end of the lowered panel, the stud 34 will
slide upwardly out of the inclined recess 32, and the panel may be entirely
removed from the sash frame and a wire net frame 38 inserted, the spring bolts 39
securing the same in place, as shown in Figure 3.
This lower sash frame is formed with a continuous inner rabbeted recess 40,
which breaks joint with a similar continuous bead 41, on the outside of the
window frame 2 to render said joints dust and water proof when the panel is
closed in the sash frame. This sash frame is preferably formed of metal, and it
is provided with wooden battens 42 on its sides and bottom, for the reasons given
for the upper sash frame.
The great convenience offered by this construction in cleaning the outside
of the windows, as well as the entire open space of the whole frame of both
upper and lower sashes for ventilation, will be fully appreciated by those inter-
ested and although I have specifically described the construction and relative
arrangement of the several elements of my invention, I do not desire to be
confined to the same, as such changes or modifications may be made as clearly
fall within the scope of my invention, without departing from the spirit thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
my said

page_text: invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A metallic sash frame provided with one or more internally hinged remov-
able panel frames, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. A sliding sash frame provided with one or more removable hinged panel
frames, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. A sliding metallic sash frame provided with non-metallic side battens,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The sliding sash frame 3, formed with the elongated holes 8 and 10, in
combination with the hinged panel frames 5 and 6, each of which is formed with
the pivot stud 7, and provided with the removable pivot screw stud 9, by means
of which said panel frames are independently binged in said sliding sash frame,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. The sliding sash frame 3, comprising the elongated holes 8 and 10, in com-
bination with the hinged panel frames 5 and 6, each of which is formed with a
rigid pivot stud 7, and a removable pivot screw stud 9, the adjacent studs 9-9
on the panels 5 and 6, being connected by a spring 16, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
6. The sliding sash frame 3, in which is hinged the panel frames 5 and 6,
as described, one of the adjacent side rails of one panel being formed with a
semi-circular vertical recess 14, and the other with a correspondingly convex
rib 15, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
7. The combination with the frame 3, having elongated holes 8 and 10, of the
panel frames 5 and 6, provided with the removable screw studs 9-9 and
spring 16, and having their adjacent side rails formed with a recess 14 and a
corresponding rib 15, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
8. The combination with the sash frame 4 formed with an elongated hole 31
and an inclined slot or recess 32, of the panel frame 35, provided with the
stationary pivot studs 33-34 and the spring bolts 30-37, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
9. The combination with the lower sash frame 4 formed with a recess 29
in its upper rail, of the upper sash frame 3 provided with the lever 25, fulcrumed
on the screw stud 26 on the bottom rail thereof, and having its outer free end
provided with a vertically movable handle 27 formed with an integral pin
adapted to engage said recess 29 and lock the meeting rails of the upper and
lower sashes, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 9th day of March 1897.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.