A NEW AND IMPROVED CAR, WHICH MAY BE USED WITH STEAM DAYZ OR OTHER MOtive Power for TRAM OR RAILWAYS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Courtney Cramp, of 87, Litchfield Rd.,.
Grove Rd., Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the
Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED CAR, WHICH MAY BE USED WITH STEAM
DAYZ"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Courtney Cramp
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th July 1873.
I, CHARLES COURTNEY CRAMP, of 87, Litchfield Rd., Grove Rd.,
Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED CAB, WHICH MAY
BE USED WITH STEAM OR OTHER MOtive Power for TRAM OR RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention for a new and improved car, which may be used with
steam or other motive power for tram or railways, relates to the better
accomodation and safety of passengers, and to the economical working
of rolling stock. The car is divided into compartments for first &

page_text: second-class passengers by a central platform, the roof being for the
accomodation of outside or third-class passengers. The platform is
covered in by the roof, a ladder or staircase connecting the two, thus
enabling passengers to ascend or descend with facility and safety. The
ends of the car are rounded, the seats taking the same form, thus
affording greater passenger accomodation; the rounded panels of the
car are covered with sheet steel.
A driver's seat is fixed at each end of the car, and is of the following
construction:-The footboard is fixed at a suitable height, above which
& on the roof of the carriage the seat is formed.
When steam or other motive power otherwise than horses are used
the brakes may be applied from a screw stand on the central platform.
When horses are used any kind of brake most suitable may be applied.
The form of the principal framing, to which are attached the buffers
and draw irons, is such that the floor of the carriage is as low, while
larger wheels than usual may be employed. The buffers used may be of
any kind most suitable.
The draw iron is a bar of wrought iron carrying at its end a fork for
receiving the pole, and is passed into the front of the car through a
bracket, but is prevented from passing quite through by means of a
collar. At the back of this support and on the iron are placed alternately..
washers of india-rubber and iron, finishing with a nut. Behind this is
a guide for the tail of the draw iron. The pole carries on its underneath
surface a bent rod of iron forked at its extremity, and taking a bearing
on a moveable bar attached to the draw iron. The extremity of the bar
is connected with a bent lever to a stout collar, which is placed between
the india-rubber and regulating nut for retaining the pole in its proper
position.
The novelty of the Invention consists in separating the passengers
into classes, using one platform and ladder instead of two, obviating the
necessity of dash irone and affording greater accomodation thunuch

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Charles Courtney Cramp in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th January 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Charles
COURTNEY CRAMP, of 87, Litchfield Road, Grove Road, Bow, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Courtney Cramp,
Her special license that I, the said Charles Courtney Cramp, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles Courtney Cramp, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED CAR, WHICH MAY BE
USED WITH STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER FOR TRAM OR RAILWAYs," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Courtney Cramp, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Courtney Cramp, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :--
My Invention of a new and improved car, which may be used with
steam or other motive power for tram or railways, consists in con-
structing the car or carriage in the manner and form herein-after
described and shewn by the Drawings hereunto annexed, whereby

page_text: improved and increased accommodation is gained with greater safety for
the passengers, and a considerable saving of materials is effected.
My improved car is constructed with two compartments, which if
required may be used for first and second class passengers, and separated
from each other by a central platform by which passengers enter the car.
Rising from this platform is a ladder or staircase for ascending to the
roof or top seats, which may be used for third-class passengers. The
top seats are rounded at the outer ends, giving extra seats; and following
the curve of the car the platform is covered over by a portion of the
roof connecting the two compartments, and forming a covered way for
the passengers and guard. The ends of the car are curved or rounded,
thus giving the exterior a more graceful appearance. The end seats are
also rounded, but to a greater radius than the ends of the car, giving
more seat room in the same space, and allowing the passengers to sit
with greater comfort. The rounded panels of the car are covered or
cased with steel.
When used as a tram car drawn by horses a driver's seat is fitted to
cach end of the car, so that the driver may face in either direction as
required. The seat is formed on the roof of the car, so that the horses
may be brought close to the body of the car, placing them in a better
position for drawing, and also shortening the total length of the car, the
driver at the same time having more command over his horses than
when standing behind them. The footboard is hinged to the body of
the car at a suitable distance beneath the seat, and may be folded up
when not in use. The brakes for stopping the car are connected to hand
levers, which are within reach of the driver, so that he has entire control
over the car.
When steam or other motive power, excepting horses, is used the
brake may be worked by a hand wheel from a stand bracket on the
central platform.,
The principal framing, to which is attached the buffers and draw
irons, is so constructed as to allow the floor of the car to sink between
the wheels, thus reducing the height of the vehicle, while the wheels
may be larger in diameter than usual, as they run under the seats. The
buffers may be of any ordinary description.
The draw iron is of wrought iron, so constructed as to allow the
height of the pole to be varied if required. It has at one end a fork for

page_text: receiving the pole, the other end being passed through the front of the
car, and is prevented from entering too far by a collar or shoulder.
That part of the iron or rod inside the frame of the car has a series of
washers, alternately iron and india-rubber, with a nut at the outer end
to keep them in position. This part of the iron acts as a buffer for the
pole; the end of the rod extending beyond the nut is supported and
guided in a bearing. The pole has on its under side a bent iron rod fixed
at one end, and the other end attached to a vertical swivel bar, which
swivels on a joint pin from the under side of the draw iron. The lower
end of the swivel bar is connected to an eye bolt in the frame.
By drawing in or forcing out this bolt the pole may be lowered or
raised.
And in order that my Invention may be better understood and more
readily carried into opération, I will now proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
car.
Sheet 1 shews the various elevations, plans, and sections of my improved
Similar letters of reference refer to similar parts in Figures 1
to 6 inclusive. Figure 1 is a side elevation shewing the position of the
compartments A and B, central platform C, driver's seat D, footboard E,
hand lever F, staircase G, and roof seats H; Figure 2 is an end
elevation; Figure 3 is a longitudinal section shewing the two compart-
ments A and B with the central platform C between them from which
passengers enter into the compartments. From this platform rises the
staircase leading to the roof seats; these seats are enclosed with a railing
all round them, so as to prevent the possibility of accident by falling
over; Figure 4 is a transverse section through one of the compartments
shewing the position of the floor L between the wheels, which is also
the height of the platform; Figure 5 is a plan of the roof seats H
shewing the position of the staircase, and also rounded ends of the
seats to obtain more room for passengers; Figure 6 is a sectional plan
shewing compartment seats M with their recessed roundings at the ends
for greater convenience and ease of passengers.
'
Figure 7 is a view drawn to a larger scale of the details of the draw
iron arrangement. a is the forked end of the iron; b, the collar; c, the
end of iron screwed for nut; d, a bearing for the end of iron; e, e,
washers to act as a spring; f, the bent iron rod fixed to the pole; g, the
© vertical swivel bar; h, a joint pin connecting the swivel bar to draw
iron; k, the eye bolt for adjusting swivel bar.

page_text: Thirdly. The arrangement of draw iron, so as to raise or lower the
pole as may be required, as herein-before described and illustrated by
the accompanying Drawings.
And, Fourthly. The arrangement in the small car for hilly districts
of the hand wheel and chains for turning the bogie wheels, as herein-
before described and partly illustrated by the accompaning Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Courtney Cramp, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
CHARLES COURTNEY CRAMP. (L.S.)
Witness,
H. ELLIS HILL,
of the Firm of Barlow & Co.,
Patent Agents,
23, Southampton Buildings,
W.C.