IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Kaye, of Grange Moor, Whitley Lower,
near Dewsbury, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 28th May 1858, and dated the 30th November 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Kaye at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1857.
I, THOMAS KAYE, of Grange Moor, Whitley Lower, near Dewsbury, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to looms certain new mechanical
arrangements or apparatus for the purpose of simplifying the mode heretofore
practised of gearing weaving looms; and I propose to effect the above object
by the following means:-I employ a metal conducting frame fixed to the
side of the loom, and capable of holding any desired number of hook cases
sliding alongside of each other. Each case is furnished with a double hook
or piece of metal hooked at each end, and vibrating upon an axis central
between said hooks. These hooks project from the edge of the aforesaid case,
and alternately come into contact with two slides or levers mounted upon the
front edge of the before-mentioned conducting frame before the face of the
aforesaid hooks. The aforesaid slides or levers move in contrary directions
by the ordinary means of treddles in hand looms, and by an arrangement of

page_text: excentrics in power looms, one of such said slides or levers being place at the
upper part of tho said conducting frame, and the other at the loom part
thereof, so that when the lowermost hook is caused to project from the case,
which may be effected by the ordinary means of pegs in the "lags," the hook
or case comes into contact with that slide or lever which is situate at the
lower part of the conducting frame, and the same action takes place with
the upper hook and slide or lever. The hook case being connected at both
ends by cords to ordinary L arms, jacks, or pulleys, produces the effect of
rising and falling the healds for shedding the warp. Each heald in the
series of bealds requires separate top and bottom jacks, and one of the hook
cases and hooks before mentioned to make a separate round of gear for each
heald.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Kaye in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th May 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
KATE, of Grange Moor, Whitley Lower, near Dowsbury, in the County of
York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
tho said Thomas Kaye, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Kaye,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Thomas Kaye, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter.
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said
Thomas Kaye, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner t
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great.
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
i

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Kaye, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of a peculiar arrangement of certain apparatus for
working or making sheds without the ordinary use of tappets or other similar
modes heretofore practised. I employ a conducting frame attached to the top
or cap of the loom of sufficient size to enclose a series of rising and falling
hook cases, extending from side to side and against the two cross or back bars,
so that they hang just within the two front edges of the sides of the conducting
frame. I also employ two slides, which extend across the front of the series
of hook cases so enclosed in the frame, the one to slide on the upper part
and the other on the lower part of the frame. The two slides are supported
and governed by a spindle attached to the back of each slide. The rising and
falling motion is imparted to them by a double excentric wheel, fixed on the
end of the driving shaft of the loom, with two connecting rods from the
wheel to the two spindles. The motion of the two slides is reversedl, that is,
as one rises so the other falls, and vice versa. I employ jacks above the
healds as usual, and pullies below each heald, connected to two jacks above
and to three pullies below the heald, so that three pullies answer effectually
the same as two jacks either above or below the heald. I also employ pullies
where the space provided is inadequate to that required for the jacks to
operate. In connection with two jacks above and three puliies below the
healds I employ one of the hook cases enclosed in the conducting frame;
within each hook case is enclosed a piece of metal hooked at each end, and
vibrating upon an axis central between said hooks, the axis being also the
centre rivet of the hook case. There is a small spring fixed in the back part
of the hook case, to operate on one end of the hook, and which spring tends
to keep that end of the hook projecting from the case, in order that it may
come in contact with the slide on the upper part of the frame, which causes
the hook case to rise with the slide, and the heald to which it is connected
to fall, except when the other end of the hook is made to project from the
case by means of a back spring operating against the knuckle or projection
on the hook when acted upon by pins or pegs in "lags" or on a drum, which
pins or pegs overpower the small spring (enclosed in the case,) and reverse the
position of the hook, in order to come into contact with the slide on the lower
part of the frame, which causes the hook case to fall with the slide, and the
heald to which it is connected to rise. By these means rising and falling
sheds are obtained, according to the pattern pins or pegs in the "lag" or drum.

page_text: In order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible, I now
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrativo Sheet of
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures and letters of
reference marked thereon respectively as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of part of a loom, with my improvements
attached thereto; Figure 2, end elevation of the same; Figure 3, enlarged
view of double hook, shewing the relative positions of the hook when in
contact with one or other of the slides; Figure 4, side view of eccentric
pulley Figure 5, opposite side, which gives reversed motion to the slides;
Figure 6, side view of cross bar, with holes for spindles; Figure 7, side view
of slide; and Figure 8, another mode of connecting the ratch, to the catch of
the "lag" drum. Similar letters of reference are placed upon and denote
corresponding parts, in so far as such parts appear or can be seen at each of
such said Figures respectively.
.
At Figure 1, a, a, is the frame of a loom; 6, the crank shaft, having on
one end two driving pullies c, c, the heald d being seen at Figure 1 only;
c, e, grooved pullies, placed beneath the heald d; f. f, are jacks placed above
the heald d, and aflixed to the frame a of the loom; g, the double excentric
wheel; h, h, connecting rods from the wheel g to the spindles of the slides k, k,
the ends thereof only being seen; i, i, the spindles of the slides k, k, working
in guides v, v, which slides work one on the upper and the other on the lower
part of the conducting frame m; and which slides come alternately in contact
with the projections on the hook cases, the projection at all times being in
front of the conducting frame m, and ready to be acted upon by the slides k, k
A double hook n (Figure 3) is placed within the hook case, the upper part of
said hook being brought into action by the small spring, the lower part thereof
being actuated by the pins or pegs Z on the endless band, which sets them in
order to change for fresh up-and-down sheds, according as 'the pattern of pins
or pegs in the "lag" drum may require; o the ratchet or catch, to which
motion is given downwards from the eccentric wheel 'g, by means of a cord o
and upwards by means of a spiral spring t, attached to the top of the conducting
franie. The ratchet or catch o is attached to the side of the frame m by a
screw or pin working in a slot, as shewn, and which catch causes the wheel i
of the "lng" or drum to revolve, according to the number of teeth on the
aforesaid wheel, said wheel being, made stationary by the spring brake y; 3, 3,
ends of hook case, where connecting cords are attached (shewn in dotted lines).
1

page_text: At Figure 2, f shews the position of the ends of the top jacks and con-
necting cords; x, the two back bars of the frame; a', the "lag" drum;
6', the back springs attached to the back bar of the conducting frame at its
lower edge by set screws at Z', and working in guides y¹; s, back of hook
cases at their upper end; c', two levers connected to the eccentric wheel g
and the slides k by the rods h, h; d', the ratch lever, which gives motion to
the "lag" drum; e, the ratch on the periphery of the wheel g; f', the pulley
race on the side of the eccentric wheel g. It will appear obvious, that as the
crank shaft 6 is set in motion by means of the driving pullies c, c, an alternate
rising and falling motion is imparted from the double eccentric wheel g to the
spindles h, and from thence to all the other parts of the loom, as before
described, baving the effect of rising and falling sheds, according to the pattern
pins or pegs on the "lag" drum.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention of "Improvements in Looms for Weaving," together with the best
means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into practical effect, I
would remark in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to the
precise details herein described and set forth, as such may be varied or modified
without at all departing from the principle of my Invention; but what I claim
as my Invention is,―
First, the employment of a conducting frame furnished with rising and
falling book cases, governed by projections coming into contact with slides.
Secondly, the employment of a double hook and spring, vibrating on a
central axis, the hook being enclosed within a hook case, so as to contract
or retract each slide or lever by its motion.
Thirdly, the modes of giving motion to the ratchet or catch of the "lag"
drum or pattern roller from the ratch on the periphery or side of the eccentric
wheel or other wheel of the loom of equal velocity.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Kaye, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
CHARLES STOCKWELL,
Grange Moor, Whitley Upper.
THOMAS KAYE. (L.S.)