IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PROVISIONAL SPECIFIC
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Roughsedge Wallwork, of the firm of Henry Wallwork
& Co of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and
Ironfounders for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Roughsedge Wallwork at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1882.
ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK of the firm of Henry Wallwork & Co of the City of
Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, and Ironfounders. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS."
"
Firstly, My invention refers to mechanism to be used for what is termed
shaving" the bodies of felt hats when they are in the soft cone form; that is for
removing the projecting hairs or fibres from the felt and making the fibre smooth
and uniform on its surface, and this part of my invention consists in a combination
and arrangement of inechanism for the purpose.
There is a frame which carries the bearings of a shaft, and at one end of the frame
there is an exhausting fan that is connected with a pipe or hollow casting, which
casting is secured to the other end of the frame.
The hollow casting has an opening over the knife which operates to shave the
felt cones, and thus the fan draws away the hairs or fibres as they are removed by
the knife.
The knife is a plain straight piece of flat steel and is secured by clamping screws
in an arm or lever having its fulcrum on one end of the hollow casting and the other
end of the knife arm slides on a part formed on the casting.
On the end of the first named shaft there is an excentric or disc with a crank
pin which is connected by a rod with a slide bar which latter is connected by n
jointed link with the end of the knife arm, thus giving to it a rapid to and fro
motion.
Under the knife a lever is hinged to the first named frame, and jointed to this
lever is another lever which carries an angular flat board the upper flat side of
which is horizontal and has a soft padded surface.

page_text: The pad lever is adjustable by a screw to bring the surface of the pad parallel to
the knife when the lever carrying the pad is lifted by a treadle, and there is a
screw stop to limit the height to which the pad lever is to be lifted by the
treadle.
The small end of the pad is outward and the hat cone is placed upon the pad,
the wide end of the cone inwards, and it passes between a pair of cone rollers,
which act to drag it along over the surface of the pad while being acted upon by
the knife.
The cone drag rollers, are each on a separate shaft placed one at an angle to the
other in bearings in a frame, and are geared together, and the frame is arranged on
joints and pivots so as to be swivelled and adjusted to the pad and shaving
inechanism.
According to another modification the knife carrier is mounted on one or two
cranks so as to give the knife an end as well as a lateral movement.
According to another modification the knife is on an axis and is carried round
in a circle or it is a circular disc or ring cutter constantly rotated in the same
direction,
Secondly. My invention refers to machines for pressing and for curling hats by
hydraulic pressure-In the ordinary machines for pressing hats the part having the
india rubber bag is brought down by hand and is then partly rotated to bring the
bag part under strong hooks upon the frame carrying the mould and then the
hydraulic pressure is brought upon the bag.
When the bag part is released it is lifted by counter balance weights.
By my improvements the bag part is connected with a ram that fits into a
cylinder, and it is brought down by hydraulic pressure and then the tap or valve
is shut to prevent the return of the fluid and so resist the pressure when the hydraulic
fluid is turned on to act upon the bag-The bag part lifts when the fluid is allowed
to escape from the ram cylinder as the counter weights then act to lift the bag
part and its ram.
By another modification the bag part or part for curling is brought and held
down by knuckle jointed levers which when left against a stop when slightly
past the straight line between the joints of the levers, or over the "centres" they
bold the part and resist the action of curling or pressing by hydraulic pressure.
Thirdly. My invention relates to the construction of moulds used for pressing
hats and consists in making them in two or more parts instead of all in one as
hitherto.
The part for the brim is made separate from the part for the body, and both are
accurately fitted together.
Moulds thus arranged can be made suitable for hats of different heights of body
or crowns, and rings or washers are or may be employed between the brim part
and body part of the mould to vary the depth of the body part.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Roughsedge Wallwork in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th January 1883.
ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK of the firm of Henry Wallwork & Co of the City of
" IMPROVE-
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Ironfounders.
MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS."
Firstly. My invention refers to mechanism to be used for what is termed
shaving" or pouncing the bodies of felt hats when they are in the soft cone form,
that is, for removing the projecting hairs or fibres from the felt and making the
fibre smooth and uniform on its surface, and this part of my invention consists in a
combination and arrangement of mechanism for the purpose, and in modifications
thereof.
There is a frame or headstock which carries the bearings of a shaft, and at one
end of the frame or headstock there is an exhausting fan, that is connected with a
pipe or hollow casting, which casting is secured to the frame or headstock.
The hollow casting has an opening over the knife which operates to shave the
felt hat cones, and thus the fan draws away the hairs or fibres as they are removed
by the knife.
The knife is a plain straight piece of flat steel and is secured by clamping screws
on an arm or lever having its fulcrum on one end of the hollow casting, and the
other end of the knife arm slides on a part formed on or secured to the casting or
headstock.
On the end of the first named shaft there is an excentric or disc with a crank
pin, which is connected by a rod with a slide bar or block, which latter is connected
by a jointed link with the end of the knife arm, thus giving to it a rapid to and
fro motion.
Under the knife a lever is hinged to the first named frame, and jointed to this
lever is another lever which carries an angular flat board, the upper flat side of
which is horizontal and has a soft padded surface.
The pad lever is adjustable by a screw to bring the surface of the pad parallel to
the knife, when the lever carrying the pad is lifted by a treadle, and there is a
screw stop to limit the height to which the pad lever is to be lifted by the
treadle.
The small end of the pad is outward and the hat cone is placed upon the pad,
the wide end of the cone inwards, and it passes between a pair of cone rollers,
which act to drag it along over the surface of the pad while being acted upon by
the knife.
The cone drag rollers are each on a separate shaft placed one at an angle to the
other, in bearings in a frame, and are geared together, and the frame is arranged on
joints and pivots so as to be swivelled and adjusted to the pad and shaving
mechanisın.
By a modification of my invention the knife is actuated directly by a crank pin,
and the fan and cone rollers for drawing the hat cone over the pad are dispensed
with.
By another modification a sand paper carrier is substituted for the knife.
Secondly. My invention refers to machines for pressing and for "curling" hats by
hydraulic pressure. In the ordinary machines for pressing hats the cover or part
having the india rubber bag is brought down by hand, and is then partly rotated
to bring the cover for the bag part under strong hooks upon the frame carrying
the mould, and then the hydraulic pressure is brought upon the bag.

page_text: When the cover of the bag part is released it is lifted by counter balance
weights.
By my improvements the cover for the bag part is connected with a ram that
fits into a cylinder and it is brought down by hydraulic pressure and then the tap
or valve is shut to prevent the return of the fluid from the ram cylinder, so that it
will resist the pressure when the fluid under pressure is turned on to act upon the
bag. The cover for the bag part lifts or is raised when the fluid is allowed to
escape from the ram cylinder as the counter weights then act to lift the cover for
the bag part and its ram.
By another modification the cover for the bag part or part for "curling" is
brought and held down by knuckle jointed levers, which when left against a stop,
when slightly past the straight line between the joints of the levers, or over the
"centres," they hold the part and resist the action of "curling" or pressing by
bydraulic pressure.
Thirdly. My invention relates to the construction of moulds used for pressing
hats and consists in making them in two or more parts instead of all in one as
hitherto.
The part for the brim is made separate from the part for the body, and both are
accurately fitted together, and for some forms of hats the brim mould is made in
two halves.
Moulds thus arranged can be made suitable for hats of different heights of body
or crowns, and rings or washers are or may be employed between the brim part
and body part of the mould to vary the depth of the body part.
Fig 1, is a side elevation, and fig 2 is a plan illustrating one modification of the
first part of my invention.
a, is the frame or headstock; b is a shaft having bearings in the headstock.
This shaft b has a pair of fast and loose pulleys b' for the driving belt.
At one end of the headstock an ordinary centrifugal fan casing a' is formed or
attached, the centrifugal inlet to which at one side is open to a hollow arm a²,
forming part of or attached to the frame or headstock a, and the outer end of this
arm a carries the fulcrum or joint of the lever or carrier for the operating knife.
The hollow arm a² has lips a³ between which a slit opening is formed over
where the edge of the knife works, so that when the fan (which is of ordinary
form) on the end of the shaft b rotates, air is drawn through the slit in the hollow
arm a which carries away the loose fibres removed by the knife, and they pass
to the fan casing and are removed from it by a pipe to any suitable receptacle.
On the inner end of the shaft b a face plate or disc b° is secured which carries a
crank pin 63 which is or may be made adjustable to give a greater or less throw,
and to this crank pin one end of a rod b is jointed, the other end of which is
jointed with a block 65 that can slide to and fro in a guide part a formed on a
bracket secured to the headstock, and to the slide block 65 one end of another
link c is jointed, the other end of which is jointed to the end of the lever or knife
carrier c, which has its fulcrum on a stud c² on the end of the hollow arm a².
The end of the knife carrier c to which the link c' is jointed is bevelled and fits
and slides upon the guide a and is thus kept steady when working.
The knife is a plain piece of steel and is secured to the knife carrier by
clamping screws c as will be more clearly understood from the to be hereinafter
described modification of this part of my invention.
d is a lever having its fulcrum d' on the headstock a. This lever d at its free
end is jointed with a plate d³ forming the carrier to which the wood base of the
pad d is secured.
The inner or wide end of this pad plate d² is jointed with a rod d³ passing
through a hole in the lever d and having a regulating screw d upon it below the
lever d. There is a collar upon the rod d³ above the lever d, and au india rubber
washer between the collar and the top of the lever to give elasticity to the
pad d.
The headstock a is supposed to be secured to any suitable bench, and the

page_text: bracket for a treadle d' to the floor.
This treadle is jointed to the lower end of
a rod d³ the upper end of which' is jointed to the lever d for lifting the pad d* 'up
against the knife.
"'
There is a rod d jointed to the lever d, the lower end of which passes through an
eye in a projection from the headstock a, and there is an adjusting screw 10 on the
end of the rod.
This screw acts as a stop to limit the lift of, the pad dx by the treadle d7.
.T
In this modification the hat cones pass between and are drawn over the pad d*
while being operated upon by the knife by a pair of cone rollers e.
The shafts carrying these cone rollers on their ends are placed at such angle to
each other that the surfaces of the two cones e will come together and will thus be
able to pinch the hat cone passing between them.
$1
:
The shafts for these cone rollers e have their bearings in a frame e¹, and the upper
shaft is in fixed bearings in the frame e', while the lower shaft is in bearings in the
frame so as to be capable of sliding to and from the upper shaft, the lower shaft
being pressed towards the upper shaft by springs.
"
the
lower
There is a pulley e' upon the end of the upper shaft for a driving belt, and there
is a wheel ex on the upper shaft which gears with a similar wheel on
shaft, to rotate both cones e.
1 1.
(31
{" "
The end of the frame e¹ for the two shafts is jointed at e³ on an arm et having its
fulcrum e on the headstock, and another arm e from this fulcruin carries a hand
screw wheel e' the screw of which passes through a slot in a curved bar e jointed
or fixed to the headstock at e⁹.
By this arrangement the frame for the cone shafts can be adjusted and secured
to the work as required.
I wish it to be understood that these cones and shafts and there arrangement and
mode of driving is known and was used before the date of my invention and I
make no claim to such cone drag rollers or their arrangement apart from my
combination of knife mechanism for "shaving" the cones for hat bodies.
Fig 3 is a side elevation, fig 4 a front elevation, and fig 5 a plan illustrating a
machine for "shaving" or pouncing hat bodies while in the soft cone stage of
manufacture according to the first part of my invention, which machine is a
modification of that illustrated by figs 1 and 2.
a headstock, on a table a' supported on stands a³.
This headstock a, carries the bearings of a shaft b, having fast and loose pulleys b¹
upon it for the driving belt, which is traversed on the pulleys by a belt fork 6ª
secured on a rod 67 sliding in stands or guides on the headstock a.
One belt pulley has a grooved pulley 68 secured to it for an endless band or
rope b which passes on one side over a grooved guide pulley b* rotating 'fréely on
a stud on the headstock and over a similar pulley on the opposite side, and it also
passes over a groove in a drum 62 on a vertical spindle that rotates in a footstep
bearing on the headstock. This drum be has at its upper side a plate or disc with
a radial slot in it to allow a crank pin 6s to be secured in it at any desired distance
from its axis so as to obtain a greater or less throw in the crank pin which fits a
hole in a slide block, that can slide freely in a slot c', in the end of an arm or
lever c, termed the "knife carrier," which has its fulcrum on a vertical stud c³,
secured in a bent bracket a' attached to the table a' of the machine.
+
This knife carrier c is seen in plan and edge view in figs 3 and 5, and a detached
full size cross section of it taken on the line x-x fig 5, is represented by fig 6, in
which figure c is the knife carrier and the knife which is a piece of straight flat steel
sharpened on one edge and it is secured when adjusted to the required position on
the carrier c, by the points of clamping screws c¹ which screw through a bracket or
brackets c attached to the arm or knife carrier c.
There is a forked lever d having its fulcrum at d¹ on each side of the headstock a,
and the moving end of this lever d is jointed with the middle part of a flat plate d
narrow at one end and broad at the other end, that has a correspondingly shaped
piece of wood secured to it to form the basis of a pad dx made of soft wool and
31.5

page_text: •
felt, the edges of the cover or surface of the pad being secured to the edges of
the wood base of the pad by nails.
To the base plate d' at the broad end of the pad on end of a rod d³ is jointed
the other end of which passes through a hole in the lever d, and this lower end is
screwed for a hand screw nut d'.
There is a screw collar on the rod d³ and an india rubber washer d³ of sufficient
thickness is placed upon the rod 3 between the screw collar upon it and the top of
the lever d.
By means of these screws the angular position of the surface of the pad d* in
relation to the knife c is readily adjusted while the india rubber washer allows a
certain amount of elasticity to permit the pad d* to adjust itself to the knife.
When the pad dx is in use it is close to the knife as shown in fig 3, but when
not in use it is lowered away from the knife.
It is raised by means of the treadle lever d' having its fulcrum at do which lever
is connected by a rod d8 with the lever d.
To prevent the pad d* being brought too close to the knife by the treadle d
there is a regulating screw d which screws through a projection from the headstock
and the end of this screw forms a stop against which the upper edge of the lever d
will come, when it is as high as it should be lifted by the treadle.
fis a guard shown partly broken away in fig 3 to cover the rotary mechanism
and prevent oil from being thrown upon the cone pad and hat being operated
upon.
This guard or cover has its top hinged on centres at f¹ so that it can be turned
up when the working parts require lubrication.
That part of the headstock a which carries the driving shaft b and pulleys b* is
movable on the lower part of the headstock, and can be slided outwards when
required to tighten the endless rope 69 and is then secured by a screw.
In using this machine, the operator stands in front of it (the front being that
shown by fig 4) and when the pad dx is lowered away from the knife c³ places a
hat body on the pad, which passes into the cone of the hat body, then the foot of
the operator is placed on the treadle d to bring the pad d* and hat body under the
knife c³ which is oscillating rapidly to and fro by the arm or carrier c.
The operator has both hands at liberty to manipulate the hat body on the pad d*
and gradually draws it over the pad towards and while being operated upon by
the edge of the knife 3 until the entire surface of the hat body has been acted
upon by the knife; less than one minute of time being thus occupied in this
treatment.
This machine is adapted for pouncing or sand papering hat bodies, and is used
more particularly for pouncing wool hat bodies, and when employed for this
purpose, the knife carrier c is removed, and a sand paper carrier is substituted of
which tig 7 is a plan view fig 8 an edge view and fig 9 a cross section on the line y—y
fig 7.
This arm c is rounded and its under surface and sand paper is placed round it
and the two edges of the sand paper are brought over the upper side of the arm
and secured between it and a plate cx by screws; cº.
The arm or sand paper carrier c may be of any
economise the use of sand paper or equivalent material.
desired form which will
Instead of the arrangement for actuating the knife or sand paper carrier shown
in figs 3, 4 and 5 a modification of that shown in figs 1 and 2 is or may be used
that is to say; a crank pin as in figs 1 and 2 passes through a block which slides in
a vertical slot in a bar having a pivot at each end which pivots are arranged to
swivel, in a fork on the end of the knife carrier the two legs of which fork are in a
plane parallel to the fulcrum of the knife carrier. The crank pin slides in and out of
the sliding block by reason of the are described by the end of the knife carrier, or the
slide block is arranged not to slide upon the crank pin; in which case the pivots of
the slotted bar slide in short slots or forks, in the ends of the two legs of the fork
on the knife carrier,

page_text: Figs 10 to 14 illustrate the second part of my invention.
Fig 10 is a sectional elevation and fig 11 a plan view illustrating one modifi-
cation and fig 13 is a sectional elevation and fig 14 a diagram illustrating another
modification and fig 12 is a detached elevation of the cocks or valves used in both
modifications.
Each modification is applicable both for pressing hats or for "curling" hat brims,
the moulds and india rubber bags or shapers being altered accordingly.
The modification illustrated by figs 10 and 11 is shown as arranged for curling
and that illustrated by fig 13 is shown as when used for hat pressing.
a is the framing, al is the table to carry the brim mould or the cylinder mould
for the hat accordingly as it is used for "curling or pressing hats.
"
b is the mould for curling the hat brim, c the cover to which the India rubber
disc or bag c¹ is secured in the ordinary manner.
This cover c is secured on the end of a small central ram c² which fits and slides
in a cylinder in a part a' carried by two standards a³ from the framing.
This part as has a stud on each side for the axis of a pulley for a chain, one
end of each chain being secured to the top side of the cover c and then after passing
over its pulley c¹ the other end has a weight c³ secured to it-These two weights c³
are sufficient when the cover c and ram c² are free, to lift the cover c and slide the
ram cup into its cylinder to give room to place and remove the hat.
The ram c is packed by any suitable hydraulic packing.
There is a pipe d connected with the end of the ram cylinder and a cross pipe
having two cocks or valves and there is a pipe to one cock and another from the
other cock.
One pipe brings water or liquid under pressure, from an accumulator or any
other suitable source of pressure the other pipe, allows the liquid under pressure to
pass away.
A similar arrangement of cocks and pipes is connected by a pipe e with a tube
or sleeve e carried on a projection from the part a² and a pipe e³, one end of which
is jointed with the cover c can slide up and down telescopically in the tube or
sleeve e¹ the sliding joint between the pipe e¹ and sleeve et being kept tight by an
ordinary packing gland.
When curling or pressing hats with this arrangement, the cover c is raised the
hat is placed in a soft state as is well understood, then one of the taps of the pipe d
is opened (the other tap being first shut) and the fluid under pressure enters and
forces down the ram c and cover c and presses the brim of the hat firmly against
the brim of the mould then the tap is shut to prevent the return of the fluid
under pressure and the other taps for the pipe e are manipulated in like manner
to admit fluid under pressure through the pipes e, e¹ and e³ into the bag and the
brim is curled or the hat is pressed, as the case may be, then the tap admitting
pressure to the bag is shut and the tap allowing the fluid to escape is opened next
the tap for the pipe d is opened allowing fluid under pressure to escape from the
ram, and then the counter weights c³ lift the cover c and the hat is removed and
another is placed and so on for each hat to be operated upon.
In the modification shown by fig 13 the cover instead of being brought and
held down by hydraulic pressure is brought and held down by an arrangement of
levers.
a is the framing, a¹ the table to carry the hollow cylinder ca for the hat
mould c, the cavity c7 of which hollow cylinder c is heated by steam conveyed to
and from the cylinder by pipes c³ in the ordinary manner.
a³ are two standards from the framing to carry a cross head a³ and to form
vertical guides for the cover c to slide up and down upon.
The cross head a² has a hole for a screw f which is adjusted by screw nuts above
and below the cross head.
This screw forms the joint of a compound link and lever g one arm g' of which
forms the handle by which the lever g is worked, and the other arm g'.carries a
weight g³.

page_text: The lower part of the compound lever g is jointed to a link or lever g* which is
also jointed to the cover c.
The lever g also carries an adjusting screw g³ the point of which comes against
the side of the link g' when the handle g¹ of the compound lever is in its lowest
position, this set screw g° acts as a stop regulating the position to which the
levers g and g* are to be carried past the centre line drawn from the centre of the
joint on the screw f and joint on the cover c.
As shown in full line the lever handle g' is at its lowest position, and the
pressure and friction will keep it in that position, until the handle g' is lifted a
little when the weight g³ will act to lift the cover c and connected levers to the
position shown by dotted lines.
The lever g and handle g¹ is not in a plane parallel to a line drawn between the
two standards as but at an angle to a centre line drawn between the standards as
as represented by the diagram fig 14 where x is a centre line supposed to pass
between the centres of the standards and g¹ and g² is the centre line of the lever ;
being the weight.
The water under pressure to act in the interior of the india rubber bag passes
through pipes e cocks and telescopic pipes to the cover c in the same manner as
herein before described in reference to figs 10, 11 and 12; e¹ being the fixed tube
or sleeve, and e2 the tube jointed with the cover c which slides through the gland
packing up the sleeve tube e'.
In using the modification illustrated by fig 13 whether for curling or pressing
hats, the cover c is held down and lifted by the arrangement of levers described,
and when the levers are in the position shown in full line they are capable of
resisting the pressure which comes upon the cover c when the fluid under pressure
acts upon the india rubber bag for curling or pressing hats.
Figs 15 to 24, illustrate the mode of carrying the third part of my invention
into effect.
Figs 15, 16 and 17 are each sections of the lower part of the same hat mould h
which can be made of any desired size or shape.
The mould is made with a flange h' to receive a brim mould of any desired depth
or form.
In fig 15 a mould for a brim h² of the ordinary form is shown in dotted line, and
in fig 16 the same mould h is shown with a brim mould h, in dotted line for what is
termed the "falling off" type of brim, and in fig 17 is shown in dotted line a brim
mould 2 of the flat type.
Fig 18 shows detached and in section the brim mould h² shown in dotted line in
fig 15, and fig 19 shows a brim mould for a helmet form of brim.
Hats with deeper bodies can be made in the same mould I by making the brim
part of the moulds deeper or by using lengthening pieces or washers of the
shape of the mould inserted between the flange of the lower mould h and the
brim mould h as illustrated in fig 20 where h³ is the washer or part inserted and
the part h² shown in dotted line is the brim mould and h the body mould.
In fig 21 the brim mould is shown formed in two halves and h* with a
cavity h in its inner edge; so that the hat is moulded, with an air cavity round the
brow part, in which case the hat when pressed has to be lifted from the mould h
along with the brim moulds h the two halves of which are then separated to
release the hat, and are afterwards replaced on the flange h' of the lower mould h
for the next operation.
Fig 22 is a plan of the lower part of the hat mould h, the brim mould h' in two
halves being represented in dotted lines.
Fig 23 is a plan of the mould h in figs 15, 16 and 17 and fig 24 is a plan view
of fig 20.
The brim mould has a circular recess h* to fit the outer flange h¹ of the lower
mould h and there is a pin or pins ho in the brim mould to fit a hole h' in the
flange h¹.
An annular groove 8 is or may be turned or formed in the face of the flange h

page_text: to fit a corresponding projection h³ on the underside of the brim mould as shown in
figs 21 and 22 and a similar annular groove and projection on the washer h³ is or
may be used as illustrated in figs 20 and 24 or any other convenient method of
fitting the parts of the moulds together may be used.
I have now particularly described the nature of my said invention and the
modes of carrying the same into effect and claim as my invention.
Firstly. A knife arranged and carried to oscillate on a stationary fulcrum at one
end combined with a pad to support the hat body to be operated upon against the
knife substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
Secondly. The combination and arrangement of oscillating knife, and pad, with
mechanism for actuating the knife and pad substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated by figs 1 and 2 of the drawings.
Thirdly The combination of the mechanism referred to in claim two with
mechanism for drawing the hat body over the pad substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by figs 1 and 2 of the drawings.
Fourthly. The combination and arrangement of oscillating knife and a pad, with
mechanism for actuating the knife and pad substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by figs 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the drawings.
Fifthly. The combination of an oscillating lever arranged for pouncing or sand
papering substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs 7, 8 and 9.
Sixthly. In hat pressing or curling machines the holding of the cover or bag
part down upon the mould while hydraulic pressure is acting within the india
rubber bag or diaphragm by a ram cylinder and liquid substantially as herein before
described.
Seventhly. The combination and arrangement of mechanism for curling or
pressing hats substantially as herein before described and illustrated by figs 10, 11
and 12 of the drawings.
Eighthly. In hat pressing and curling machines, the holding of the cover or bag
part down upon the mould, while hydraulic pressure is acting within the india
rubber bag or diaphragm, by compound levers substantially as bereinbefore
described.
Ninthly. The combination and arrangement of mechanism for curling or pressing
hats substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs 13 and 14 of
the drawings.
Tenthly. The construction of hat moulds in two or more parts substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by figs 15 to 24 inclusive of the drawings.
Eleventhly. The construction of the mould for the body and brim part of the
hat separate, and so that brin moulds of various shapes will fit the same body
mould and the use of washers between the brim and body part of the mould
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs 13 to 24 of the
drawings.
Twelfthly. The construction of moulds for the body of the hat separate from the
mould for the brim, and forming the latter in two halves substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by figs 21 and 22 of the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Roughsedge Wallwork have hereunto set iny
hand and seal this twenty sixth day of January in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.