IMPROVE- MENTS IN SECURING THE. RAILS IN THE CHAIRS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edwin Buckland, of the City and
County of Gloucester, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SECURING THE. RAILS IN THE CHAIRS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY
OF RAILWAYS.”
33
Sealed the 21st April 1871, and dated the 25th October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edwin
Buckland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 25th October 1870.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN BUCKLAND, of the City and County of Gloucester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE RAILS IN THE CHAIRS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY
OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the holding or securing of the rails
of the permanent way of railways in their chairs.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a cam or cams or rolling
wedges working on a fulcrum in the chair, and rolled or drawn by the

page_text: application of a hammer or a lever against the rail or a saddle piece
placed between the cam or wedge and the rail. Two of the said cams
or wedges can be used and drawn together by a screw bolt or forced
apart by a wedge and screw.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edwin Buckland in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWIN BUCKLAND, of the City and County of Gloucester, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Edwin Buckland,
Her special licence that I, the said William Edwin Buckland, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Edwin Buckland, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE RAILS
IN THE CHAIRS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Edwin Buckland, my
executor or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
KNOW NOW YE, that I, the said William Edwin Buckland, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and

page_text: by the following statement and accompanying two Sheets of Drawings,
that is to say :-
$6
The object of this Invention is to secure the rails in the chairs of the
permanent way of railways by means of cams or rolling wedges,” or
by "sliding wedges" of iron or other metal.
66
In accordance with one method of putting into practice my said
Invention I construct a chair somewhat similar to those at present used
for ordinary wood keys, but having the inner face thereof formed con-
cave, or, vice versa, it may be formed convex so as to serve as a fulcrum
in which or upon which the apex of one of the herein-before referred to
cams or "rolling wedges" shall be free to "roll" or vibrate or have a
certain amount of lateral "play" to allow of the superior or large end
of the cam or "rolling wedge" being driven or forced in between the
rail of the permanent way and the fulcrum, in which or upon which
the cam works. The rail is thus effectually tightened up whenever
required by a few blows from a hammer or lever upon the superior or
large end of the cam or rolling wedge." Instead, however, of there
being but one of the said cams or “ rolling wedges" there may be two,
the chair being formed with a corresponding concavity or convexity (as
the case may be) to serve as a second fulcrum; the two cams or
rolling wedges" being drawn together by a screw bolt, or forced
apart by a wedge and screw or other suitable means. The faces of the
cams or "rolling wedges " where they bear against the rail may be
either plain or serrated, and instead of being in direct contact with
the rail, "saddle pieces" may be interposed between the rail and the
cams, such "saddle pieces” being made of suitable section on one side
to take a bearing on or against the rail, and formed on the other side so
as to fit the cam or wedge.
€
In accordance with another method of putting my said Invention
into practice, I take a railway chair as used for the ordinary wood
keys, and adapt or fit to the same a loose double wedge piece of
metal or wood serving as a double incline or fitting piece, up which
two corresponding wedges are drawn by a screw bolt or other suitable
means, and their outer faces, which are parallel with the rail, are thus
caused to come in contact with the rail and effect the necessary
"tightening up."

page_text: In the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings illustrative of my
said Invention the same letters of reference are employed to denote
like or corresponding parts in the several Figures.
66
"
Figures 1 to 4 inclusive on Sheet 1, and 7 and 8 on Sheet 2 illustrate
the method of carrying out my Invention by the employment of cams
or rolling wedges as herein-before described, and Figures 5 and 6
(Sheet 2) illustrate the method of carrying out my Invention by the
employment of sliding double wedges which may be adapted to railway
chairs already in use.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4, Figure 1 is an elevation, and Figure2 a
plan of a chair A with a double-headed rail B in section, the chair
having a concavity or recess to serve as the fulcrum of the cam or
"rolling wedge" C, provided with a radial slot (shewn in dotted lines)
and a pin or key D to prevent the cam or "rolling wedge" working
out. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the same arrangement as just described,
but with a convexity or projection serving as the fulcrum for the cam or
"rolling wedge."
Figures 7 and 8. (Sheet 2) illustrate by an elevation and plan
respectively the compound cam arrangement herein-before referred to
and described, D being the screw bolt by which the two cams or
"rolling wedges" are drawn together.
The arrangement of "sliding wedges," as herein-before described, is
illustrated by Figures 5 and 6 on Sheet 2. C shews the loose double
wedge or "fitting piece;" D, D, the sliding wedges; and E, the screw
bolt for "tightening up."
In either case whether cams or "rolling wedges" are employed as
under the first head of my said Invention, or the double sliding wedges
as herein described under the second head thereof, the same, though
made by preference of cast iron, may, if elasticity is required, be made
of spring steel by bending a flat bar to the shape of the cam or "rolling
wedge," or of the "sliding wedge," as the case may be.
Having now described and illustrated my said Invention, and the
methods of putting the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
I do not claim as being novel any of the parts by themselves herein
described, the same being already well known to engineers, contractors,
and others; but what I claim is,―

page_text: "E
First. The employment of a single or double cam or rolling wedge,"
substantially as herein described and illustrated, and for the purpose
defined under the first head of my said Invention.
Second. The arrangement of "sliding wedges" when adapted or
applied to railway chairs already in use, or now used with the ordinary
key, substantially as herein described and illustrated, and for the purpose
defined under the second head of my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edwin Buckland, have
>
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
WILLIAM EDWIN BUCKLAND. (L.S.)