Improvements in the Method of and Machinery for Sewing Books.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 30th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 28th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Machinery for Sewing Books.
We, JOHN RUFUS REYNOLDS and ARTHUR IRVING JACOBS, both of Hartford,
in the State of Connecticut, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer and
Machinist, respectively, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In this machine the sewing devices are in groups; each group is adapted to
performing sewing independent of any other group so that one, two, or more groups
of sewing devices may be made use of in sewing one book and the groups of sewing
devices can be varied in position within the machine so as to apply two or more of
such groups of sewing devices in sewing one book according to the size of the book
and the strength required in the binding.
The first feature of this invention relates to the method of sewing in which the
sewing devices are above a sheet holding bar and there are perforating points
passing outwardly from the sheet holding bar through the fold of the signature,
the advantage being that when the perforating devices are pressed from within
outwardly such perforating devices are sure to pass through the fold itself and they
require but little pressure as they pass through the layers of paper in succession
and with ease, whereas in sewing mechanism where the perforating devices pass
from the outside through the fold of the signature the paper is liable to deflect
or bend the penetrating devices and much more power is required in forcing the
penetrating devices through the paper because one layer of paper is pressed against
another and consolidated at the fold and by the present improvements the sewing
is more uniform and reliable.
Some of the perforating devices are in the form of lance points that perforate
the paper and withdraw so that the needles may pass through such perforations
from the outside of such signature and lay their threads within the fold and we
generally use semi-circular needles connected by arms to their respective shafts
and such shafts receive a half rotation and the semi-circular eye pointed needle
carries the thread into the signature and the eye point comes out at the second
opening and a looper catches the thread from such needle and the needle is of a
peculiar form so as to travel within a semi-circular groove in the needle block that
supports the needle in its movement.
Some of the perforators in the sheet holding bar are hook pointed and as they
pass up through the fold of the signature the hooks come above such signature and
threads are laid into such hooks and they are drawn down into the signature in the
form of loops through which the eye pointed semi-circular needle passes and hence
such loops are laid around the longitudinal threads within the signature as the
semi-circular needle draws back leaving the loop of thread carried by it, and there
are cast off devices acting with the hooks to ensure the delivery of the loops of
thread from such hooks and preventing such loops being retained by the hooks.
Another feature of this invention relates to the movable groups of sewing
devices, the group of perforators and hook pointed perforators in the sheet holding
bar being adapted to act with the semi-circular needle block and the looping devices
that are outside of and above the fold of the signature and the needle plate
connected with the sheet holding bar can be moved along on such sheet holding bar
from place to place and clamped and the needle block carrying the semi-circular
needle and its appliances can be moved along from place to place on a stationary
bar above the folded signature and the looping devices can be moved along from
place to place upon the looper bar hence the mechanism making up the complete
sewing device can be placed in any desired position according to the size of the

page_text: book to be sewed and one, two or more of such groups of sewing devices can be
made use of in sewing one book, some machines being provided with six or eight of
such groups of sewing devices.
The sheet holding bar is moved up and down and when depressed and near the
operator the sheet or signature is laid over the same and it is carried back and up
to the place where the sewing is to be performed and there are levers, connecting
rods, and bars that receive the required motions at the proper time for moving the
perforators and the hook pointed perforators up through the fold of the signature
and for withdrawing the same at the proper times and the needle blocks are held in
position and the parts. properly adjusted and the shafts carrying the semi-circular
needles are rotated first in one direction and then in the other by pinions on the
shafts and a rack bar. There are sheet holders connected with the lower surface
of the needle blocks having openings in them so as to support the folded edges of
the signatures as the perforators rise up through the paper, and associated with
each semi-circular needle is a loop tightener in the form of a hook around which
the thread passes as the semi-circular needle is drawn back and this loop tightener
draws up the thread to tighten the stitches successively and there is a sheet
steadying finger that passes in front of the edge of the folded signature that has
been completely sewed after such signature has been pressed back so as to hold
such signature out of the way of the next signature that is brought up by the sheet
holding bar and there are slide bars upon the transverse bar that carries the needle
blocks for giving motion to the loop tightener and sheet steadying finger.
The looper that takes the loop of thread from the semi-circular needle and the
bar which supports the same are made with reference to adjusting the looper to
correspond to the position of the group of sewing devices and also to presenting the
loop from the sewed signature in the proper position for the passage of the
semi-circular needle as it emerges from the next signature that is being sewed.
The thread that is supplied to the hook pointed perforators or needles passes
through a vibrating eye so that the vibrating eye properly lays the thread in the
hook and it is usually preferable to make use of a strip of parchment or a tape across
the back of the sewed book, and the hook pointed perforators in each group of
sewing devices are at a distance apart corresponding to the width of such strip or
tape and the vibrating eye lays the thread in one hook in sewing one signature and
in the other hook in sewing the other signature thereby the thread supplied by the
vibrating eye is laced across and across the strip of parchment or tape.
The devices that carry the spools of thread are made adjustable so that they can
be placed in proper position to accomodate the groups of sewing devices. The
necessary cams, levers, shafts, and gearing are provided for giving motion to
the parts before named and also to take up bars that serve to draw up the respective
threads at the proper time and prevent them becoming tangled.
The edges of the sewed signatures are usually supported upon an adjustable table
as the mass of sewed signatures is pressed backwardly away from the operator and
there are horizontal knife edged guides at the top and bottom of the sewed
signatures and at a little distance from the fold between which knives the signatures
are pressed along as the sewing progresses and such knives slightly score the edges
of the sheets but they support such sheets accurately in position during the sewing
operation.
In some instances we make use of an eye pointed vibrator in the form of an are
of a circle connected by an arm to a rock shaft and such eye pointed vibrator
carries in a loop of thread through which the semi-circular eye pointed needle
passes so that the sewing is performed in the same manner as before described, but
the hook pointed perforators within the sheet holding bar are dispensed with, and
it is preferable to make use of perforators that pass outwardly from the sheet
holding bar through the fold of the signature to make the openings for the eye
pointed vibrators and for the semi-circular needles and then such perforators
withdraw out of the way as such eye pointed vibrators pass in and carry the
threads that form the loops around the longitudinal threads laid within the

page_text: signatures by the semi-circular needles. These eye pointed vibrators are adjustable
lengthwise upon the rock shaft so as to be adapted to the positions where
the needle blocks may be placed for performing the sewing in large or small books.
Dated this Thirtieth day of June 1890.
JOHN RUFUS REYNOLDS.
ARTHUR IRVING JACOBS.
By Brewer & Son,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Machinery for Sewing Books.
We, JOHN RUFUS REYNOLDS, of No. 60, Woodland Street, Mechanical
Engineer, and ARTHUR IRVING JACOBS, of No. 231, Sigourney Street, Machinist,
both in Hartford, in the State of Connecticut, United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Machines have heretofore been made for sewing books in which the folded
sheet or signature is laid upon an arm or bar and presented to the sewing
mechanism, but such sheets vary in size according to the size of the book to be
produced, and in addition to this, different characters of books of the same size
require different kinds of sewing, and difficulty has heretofore been experienced
in introducing the sewing at the desired point in the back of the book. One of
the principal features of the present invention relates to grouping the sewing
devices and mounting the same upon adjustable supports so that they can be
placed at any desired point along the back of the signature, and the groups of
sewing devices can be associated at any distances apart so that the sewing may
be more or less closely together according to the character of book that is being
sewed, and these sewing devices can be placed at the proper distance from the top
and bottom of the signature.
In carrying out. our invention we group together a semi-circular needle and the
devices for supporting and moving the same, a loop tightening mechanism and
presser plate which come above the signature and sheet holding mechanism and we
group together the perforator and the hook pointed needles that act within the fold
of the signature, the perforators forming the holes through which the circular needle
passes, and the hook pointed needles drawing down the loops of thread through
which the circular needle passes, and these groups of instrumentalities are so
supported that they can be moved or adjusted to any desired points and the one is
easily brought into the proper position to the other and the actuating devices for
the respective groups of instrumentalities do not have to be changed, hence the
machine can be adjusted by the party using the same, so as to bring the sewing
to whatever place or places may be desired upon the folded signature and we group
together the spools and tension devices so that they can be brought into proper
position in relation to the groups of sewing devices as required from time to time.
Our invention also relates to means for preventing the semi-circular needles being
bent by the strain to which they are subjected in passing into and through the
signature or in drawing up the thread.
Also to the means for and method of interlacing one or more threads with the
thread that is carried in by the semi-circular eye pointed needle; and also to various
details of construction in the parts of the machine as hereafter fully set forth.
In the drawing
Fig. 1 is a general front elevation representing two groups of sewing devices, it
being understood that the number of these can be increased at pleasure, the machine
itself being adapted to the reception of the largest sized sheets for ordinary
books.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of a portion of the machine.

page_text: Fig. 4 is a detached view in larger size or the circular
acting therewith.
Fig. 5 is a section at the line y y of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a section at the line z. z. of Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is an inverted plan of the block and needle carrier.
Fig. 8 is an elevation and edge view of the loop tightening device detached.
Fig. 9 represents a side view of the hook pointed-needle and its gill as together,
and side and edge view of said parts separated.
Fig. 10 is a side and edge view of the perforators.
Figs. 10 and 10B are elevations of modifications of the hook pointed needle and
its gill.
Fig. 11 is a section at the line y³ y² of Fig. 10B.
Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation of the spool carrier and tension device.
Fig. 13 is an elevation of the tension device.
Fig. 14 is a plan view of the presser bar and vibrating eye.
Fig. 15 represents the end of the looper shaft and connections.
Fig. 16 is an elevation and Fig. 17 a plan of the looper.
Fig. 18 is a section at the line y2 Fig. 3.
Fig. 19 shows the needle bar and looper cams.
Fig. 20 is a sectional plan at the line y Fig. 4.
Figs. 21 & 22 are diagrams illustrating the sewing.
Fig. 23 is an elevation of a group of sewing devices with the needle blocks fitted
to support the semi-circular needles upon their under sides; a modification of the
means for introducing the interlacing thread is also shown in this figure.
Fig. 23 is a plan view partially in section of one of the needle blocks of Fig. 23
and connected parts.
Fig. 24 is a vertical section of the needle block and sheet carrying arm of
Fig. 23.
Fig. 25 is a sectional elevation of the curved needle for introducing the interlacing
thread.
Fig. 26 is an elevation of said needle, and
Fig. 27 illustrates a form of sewing made by our machine.
We have
The main frame of the machine is of any suitable size and shape.
represented the side frames A and top frames A' as connected together by the
transverse bars A2 A3 and the transverse bar A2 forms a support for the needle
blocks hereafter described and the transverse bar A³ connects the top frames A¹
together and also forms a support for the spool holders and tension devices.
In the machine as represented we make use of two threads in each group of
sewing devices, one thread passing into a circular eye pointed needle and the other
being laid into the hook of the hook pointed needles. We have represented the
spools L L upon the spool holder L2 which rests upon the bar A³ and below this
bar A³ is a frame M secured to the bar A3 and to the spool holder L2 by a nut 10
on a screw passing up through a slot in the bar A3 into the base of the spool
holder L2 and forming the stud for one of the spools. The holder L2 and frame M
can be adjusted transversely of the machine by loosening the nut 10 and moving the
parts along the slotted bar A³ to bring the spools into proper position for the group
of sewing devices. The frame M extends forward towards the operator in the form
of two arms between the ends of which is a rod with a coiled spring 11 having an
arm 12 with an eye at the end through which the thread from the spool L' passes
and this thread is laid over or against the horizontal thread bars N N¹ that extend
from one top frame A' to the other and the eye at the end of the arm 12 passes in
between these bars and the spring 11 tends to throw the arm backwardly and
equalize the action of the take up, by drawing a loop between the said bars N N
and this thread extends down to the take up mechanism and to the circular
needle as hereafter mentioned.
The thread from the spool L goes over and against the bars 0 0¹ that also

page_text: extend from one top frame A' to the other, and this thread extends down to the
vibrating eye hereafter described that lays such thread against the hook pointed
needle, and there is a bar 02 parallel with the bars O' O upon which is a coiled
spring 14 having an arm 15 with an eye at the end of it passing up between the
bars OO and forming a spring tension, to equalize the action of the take up upon
said thread; the coil 14 and arm 15 can be moved along upon the bar O² and held
in position by a clamp screw after it has been adjusted.
The bar A between the frames A' is adapted to receive and hold the reel
frames P. Each of these frames is made with a lip catching over the top of the
bar A and held by a clamp screw 85 and the reel P¹ is adapted to receive a tape
or strip of parchment 86 or a large cord, and the same is sewed to the back of the
book as hereafter described and the strip 86 from this reel passes down over the
cross piece P² of the reel frame, and there is a spring P³ that presses upon the tape
or strip to give sufficient friction to keep the strip or tape under the proper tension,
all of these parts being movable transversely of the machine can be set to the proper
position according to the places where the sewing is to be performed on the
signatures.
Upon the main frame of the machine is a shaft B to which power is to be applied
in any convenient manner and the main shaft C is geared therewith by the pinion 2
and gear 3 and there is a secondary shaft D running transversely of the machine
and geared to the main shaft C by bevel wheels 4, 5, and upon the main and
secondary shaft are suitable cams for giving to the respective parts the movements
hereafter described.
Upon the inner opposite faces of the main frame of the machine are fastened the
curved guide slides D1 for the ends of the sheet holding bar H, there being pins or
rollers at the ends of the sheet holding bar passing into these curved guide slides,
and the shape of these curved guide slides is such that as the sheet holding bar is
carried up, the upper edge thereof is brought to the proper place for presenting the
sheet or signature while being sewed and these guide slides curve downwardly and
outwardly so that as the sheet holder bar descends, it comes towards the operator
and occupies a position convenient for the folded sheet or signature to be placed
over such bar. Rigidly fastened to the ends of the sheet holding bar H are hanging
rods G, forming with the sheet holder a three sided frame, and to the lower ends of
these frames G levers F are hinged and such levers F have their back ends
permanently connected to the rock shaft 6 and there are cams E acting upon
rollers 7 upon the levers F to raise and lower the outer ends of such levers and the
sheet holder bar H connected therewith, and these cams E are made of a peculiar
shape hereafter described to give the required movements of the sheet holder bar.
At the back of the sheet holder bar is a needle bar I having at its ends rods G¹
forming with such needle bar a frame, the lower ends of which are hinged to the
levers which have their pivot eyes around the shaft 6 but loose thereon and these
levers come at the opposite sides of the cams to the levers I and they are acted
upon by cam grooves E in which are rollers 8 upon the levers F¹ and it will now
be apparent that the levers F F moving upon the same fulcrum and being of the
same length or nearly so, the sheet holder and needle bar can be moved up and down
bodily in the curved guide slides D₁ and according to the shape of the cam
grooves E E and the needle bar I can be moved vertically more or less in its.
relation to the sheet holder bar, and in so doing the movements hereafter described
are given to the perforators and to the hook pointed needles made use of in
sewing.
There are two of the cams E E' and the grooved faces of E which are alike, are
towards each other and act on the needle bar, and the grooved faces of E are on
the outer faces of the cams, and act on the sheet holder bar and these grooves of the
cams E are the same as the grooves of E¹ except in the slight differences indicated
by dotted lines Fig. 3.
The transverse bar A2 is grooved at the back, and beneath this bar is a needle
block Q that is channeled in its top side and provided with a gib 18 sliding in the

page_text: groove in the back of the bar A2 and in the face of this transverse bar A² there are
to be cavities at the proper distances apart for the reception of the pointed end of
the screw 20 so that after the screw 20 has been loosened, the needle block and the
parts carried by it can be moved to the desired. position for performing the sewing,
and by screwing the screw 20 back into one of the conical cavities provided for it
in the front of the bar A² the needle block will be brought accurately into position
to act in conjunction with the perforators and hook pointed needles carried by the
sheet holder bar, and we remark that the holes for the screw 20 should be at suitable
distances apart say every half inch and the distances apart correspond with the
holes in the sheet holder bar hereafter described so that the parts on the sheet
holder bar are also easily placed and held accurately in position in relation to the
parts on the needle block.
Passing through the needle block is a horizontal shaft R having at the back end
a pinion R by which such shaft receives a reciprocating motion first in one direction
and then in the other from a rack bar R¹ that is above such pinion and between
the same and the gib 18 and this rack bar R' receives a motion at the proper time
by a lever R2 and cam R³. At the front end of the needle shaft R is a semi-
circular needle S held upon the shaft by a clamp screw and this needle is of a
character similar to those that have heretofore been used in book sewing except as
hereafter described and it has an eye near the point for the reception of the thread
that passes over the bars N N¹ before described and such thread before it passes to
the eye of the semi-circular needle passes against the stationary thread bars S² S³
and around a take up bar S, and at the ends of this bar S₁ are arms S° upon a
shaft S supported in the frames A and receiving motion at the proper time from a
suitable groove in the face of the cam T on the shaft D acting through a lever T³
link T and crank arm T on the rock shaft S³.
Adjacent to and parallel with the rock shaft $5 is a rock shaft U upon which are
arms U and a take up bar U for the thread which passes from the bars 0 0¹ over
the bars U2 U3 and around the take up bar U to the vibrating eye hereafter named
and this rock shaft U receives motion from a second groove in the cam T that
acts on the lever U" link U and crank arm U to actuate the take up at the
proper time.
For convenience in construction the crank arm T2 is slotted segmentally as seen
in Fig. 3 the object of which is simply to allow the end of the rock shaft Ū to pass
by sufficiently far to receive the crank arm Us
Upon the under side of the needle block Q are the sheet holder plates 24 25
which have openings for the passage of the circular needle and the openings are
also sufficiently large for the perforators that make the holes in the signatures for
the eye pointed needle to pass through, and these sheet holder plates form a
resistance to hold down the folded back edges of the signature as the perforators
are raised and there is in addition a stationary finger 26 fastened to the under side
of the needle block and between the sheet holder plates 24 & 25 and the tape or
strip from the reel P¹ passes beneath this stationary finger and above the folded
back edges of the signatures and this stationary finger 26 forms a resistance or
support to the fold of the signature as the hook pointed needles are forced upwardly
through such signature from within the same as hereafter described and the outer
end of this stationary finger 26 is bevelled upwardly so that it does not catch the
thread that is supplied by a vibrating eye and is laced across the tape or strip and
which thread as it is laced passes in beneath this stationary finger 26, and between
the same and the tape or strip.
The vibrating eye V is upon a rod V₁ and it is clamped thereto by a set screw.
This vibrating eye and the rod V to which it is attached, are preferably made in
the form represented in the detached views Figs. 5 & 14 and at the end of the
rod Vis a connection V to a lever V³ that receives the necessary motion at the
proper time from a grooved cam V upon the shaft C. It is to be understood that
there are as many vibrating eyes V as there are needle blocks Q in order that when
the needle blocks have been put in their proper positions, the vibrating eyes may

page_text: also be set to correspond with the groups of sewing devices. Each vibrating eye is
preferably made of sheet metal with an eye at each end, the eye which is nearest to
the operator simply serves as a guide to keep the thread from becoming entangled
with the other parts of the machine, and the attachment for the vibrating eye is
near the centre of the sheet metal plate where there is a small block 28 in an
undercut or dovetailed groove in the rod V₁ there being steady pins on this
block 28 passing through holes in the plate of the vibrating eye and there is a
clamp screw 29 passing down through the plate of the vibrating eye into the
block 28 and this block 28 does not come quite up flush with the surface of the
rod V so that when the screw 29 is turned down the block 28 forms a nut to
the screw 29 and the plate of the vibrating eye is clamped firmly to the surface of
the rod V1 after it has been put in the proper position.
We find it advantageous to introduce the rod V1 in a longitudinal groove in the
presser bar W which bar has at its ends racks 30 extending backwardly and acted
upon by the pinions 31 on a transverse shaft V6 to which a partial rotation is given
at the proper time by a connection V that is moved by a cam groove in the face
of T Fig. 1 so that the presser bar is carried bodily back against the folded edge
of the signature after the same has been sewed and the sheet holder has descended
so as to press that signature and those that have before been sewed sufficiently far
back for the introduction of another signature upon the sheet holding bar and it will
be observed that the vibrating eye projects beyond and behind the edge of the
presser bar W Fig. 14 so that the thread that is carried by this vibrating eye is
sufficiently far back for the hook pointed needles to pass in front of this thread in
performing the sewing and then the thread is laid around the hook as the presser
bar is moved further forward away from the sheet that has been raised up into
position and is being sewed and then an end motion is given to the rod V₁ to move
the vibrating eye V from one position to the other at the time the presser bar W is
entirely drawn back from the signature.
The face of each needle block is grooved with an undercut groove at a slight
inclination from a vertical line and in this groove is a sliding block 35 and attached
to this sliding block is the sheet steadying finger 36 that is slotted or made of two
plates to receive within it a loop tightener 37. This loop tightener is pivoted
within the finger 36 so that the hook end of the loop tightener may be received
within the finger or project therefrom, and there is a spring tail to the loop tightener
extending upwardly at the side of the steadying finger 36 and having a bevelled
upper end and there is a stud 38 upon the face of the needle block Q see Figs. 4 & 6
and the under surface of this stud is bevelled hence as the block 35 is drawn up the
spring tail of the loop tightener is forced away from the block Q by the incline of
the stud and after the spring tail is drawn up above the stud the tail springs back
and as the block 35 is slid downwardly the stud 38 acts against the inclined upper
part of the spring tail and draws the hook end of the loop tightener back within
the sheet steadying finger 36. The object of this movement being to cast off the
loop of thread that has been taken by the loop tightener hook after such loop las
been subjected to the required tension to tighten up the stitch and this allows the
thread of the loop that is cast off to be drawn up in the further progress of the
sewing, but when the sliding block 35 is forced downwardly to the extreme lowest
point the hook of the loop tightener is projected below the sheet holder plate 24 by
the inclined back part of the loop tightener hook touching against such sheet holder
plate 24 and it will be apparent as the circular needle rises, its eye draws the thread
up through the opening in the sheet holder plate 24 and at this time the signature
that has been sewed is pressed backwardly as far or nearly so as the back edge of
the opening in the sheet holder plate 24 and in consequence of the circular needle
being in front of the steadying finger 36 as this steadying finger 36 goes down it
passes in front of the top edge of the folded signature that has been sewed see Fig. 5
and the thread between the sewed signature and the eye of the needle draws across
the edge of the steadying finger 36 and the loop tightener hook 37 is at that
moment projected beneath this thread, so as to catch the same and at the proper

page_text: time, after another signature has been added in front of the sheet steadying finger,
the said sheet steadying finger is drawn up and the hook of the loop tightener draws
up the loop of thread to tighten the stitch to the required extent and as the block 35
is carried down again the stud 38 retracts the loop tightener hook 37 so that the.
thread of such loop is tightened up in sewing the next signature, and such loop
slipped freely off the lower end of the finger 36 but this finger 36 is not projected
downwardly until after the signature has been sewed and such signature has been
moyed back by the presser bar as before described.
It is now necessary to describe the means for giving to the slide block 35 the
necessary vertical movement. This is accomplished by a lifter plate 40 that is
grooved near its lower edge and the back of the sliding block 35 is also grooved so
that the rib on the lower front edge of the plate 40 passes into such groove and the
projection on the block 35 passes into the groove in the lifter plate 40. This allows
for giving to the block 35 whatever movement is imparted to the lifter plate 40 but
at the same time the needle block and parts carried by it may be adjusted laterally
to the desired position, the projection of the block 35 sliding in the groove in the
lifter plate.
The ends of the lifter plate 40 are bevelled at the same inclination as the grooves
for the slide block 35 and there are end guides 141 for such lifter plate which end
guides are secured upon the surface of the transverse bar A2 and in this lifter
plate 40 are diagonal slots 42 and there is in each slot a block connected by a screw
or pin 41 to the reciprocating bar 43 which bar passes through the end frames and
there is a lever 44 to a cam 45 on the shaft C which cam is grooved and of the
proper shape to give to this bar 43 an endwise movement at the proper time to
communicate to the block 35 and sheet steadying fingers and the loop tightener, the
up and down movements before described that are in harmony with the other
portion of the machine for steadying the signature that has been sewed and then
drawing up the loop in that signature to tighten the stitch and then to cast off the
tightened loop so that the same may be taken up as the curved needle descends in
sewing the next signature and we remark that as the stitch is tightened by the
hook 37 there is a lateral strain upon the circular needle near the point thereof
hence to support that needle against the lateral strain we make use of a loop of
sheet metal 46 upon the face of the needle block which loop the circular needle passes
freely but the loop sustains the needle under the lateral strain to which it is
subjected from the thread.
In order to prevent the semi-circular needle S being bent by the strain of the
thread upon the same, we provide a semi-circular groove 113 Figs. 23, 23 and 24
in the face of the needle block Q and the block Q is recessed or cut away semi-
circularly as at 114 so as to leave a rib at 117 to support the needle S its
under side, and in this recess 114 is the end of the shaft R and the screw R** by
which the semi-circular needle S is attached to the shaft R.
upon
It will be apparent by inspection of Fig. 24 that in consequence of the semi-
circular groove 113 being in the face of the needle block Q the arm 115 cannot
pass to the semi-circular portion of the needle and occupy the same plane as the
semi-circular portion of the needle. Therefore it is necessary to bend the arm 115
forward and make a sharp bend at 116 at the junction of the arm 115 with the
semi-circular portion of the needle in order that this portion 116 at the end of the
arm 115 may be in front of the needle block Q while the needle itself occupies
the semi-circular groove 113. The semi-circular groove 113 is to fit the needle as
closely as possible without producing friction, and as before remarked the object of
this groove is to support the semi-circular needle both on the inside and outside,
hence the needle is compelled to travel in a given path and it cannot be sprung out
of shape by the severe strain to which it is exposed in passing into or through the
paper of the signature or in drawing up the thread.
The perforators 51 are adapted to pass through the fold of the signature from
within outwardly at the places where the curved needle S enters and leaves the
fold of the signature and the hook pointed needles 50 are adapted to pass outwardly

page_text: through the fold of the signature and to receive the thread or cord that is to be
drawn into the signature for the needle S to pass through the loop of the thread
held by such hook pointed needle or needles.
The needle plate K is grooved vertically for the hook pointed needles 50 and.
perforators 51 and the lower end of the shank of each perforator and hook pointed
needle is channeled at 135 for a rib upon the needle bar I to pass into, hence as
said needle bar is moved up and down the perforators and hooked pointed needles
are also moved.
52 represents the gill shank of the hook pointed needle, and both the needle shauk
and gill shank can be moved together vertically within the groove of the needle
plate but there is a limited amount of difference of motion in the respective parts,
the same being determined by a pin 136 upon the gill shank entering a notch in
the needle shank..
The gill shank is slightly thicker than the shank of the hook pointed needle so
that the former will be held by friction within the needle plate, or a spring may be
provided as at 137 Figs. 4, 10, 10A and 10B for said purpose, and it will now be
understood that the gill shank is moved only when the shank of the hook pointed
needle at the notch therein takes against the pin 136. As the hook pointed needles
and perforators are moved upwardly by the needle bar I they perforate and pass
through the signature upon the sheet holder H and the gills 96 are below the hooks
of the needles 50 but as the needle bar I descends, the gill shanks remain stationary
until the gills are within the points of the needle hooks then they both move
together and the thread laid by the eye V below the hook pointed needles 50 is
seized and carried down by said needles within the signature and into the needle
plate K.
When the hook pointed needles are at their extreme downward move-
ment the curved needle S passes into the signature and through the loops of thread
held by the hook pointed needles 50, and after the curved needle is withdrawn
a slight upward movement is given to the needles 50 by the needle bar I and as the
gill shanks remain stationary, the loops of thread are cast off the hook pointed
needles and drawn up and tightened, and the operations are repeated.
The gill 96 may be outside of the hook as in Fig. 10B and operate as before
described, or the gill 96 may have a wedge shaped end as in Fig. 10^ to simply
close the hook and prevent the loop being caught after it has been cast off, or the
hook pointed needle may be used without the gill provided the hook end is properly
shaped to cast off the loop when the hook pointed needle is slightly raised.
There are as many needle plates K as there are needle blocks Q and each needle
plate is held to the sheet holder bar H by screws 84 that pass into a block 54
sliding in an undercut or dovetailed groove in the back of the sheet holder bar H
and in order to bring the needle plate K into the proper position in its relation to the
needle block Q and the parts held by it, when the groups of sewing devices are
moved from one place to the other, we perforate the sheet holder bar H with a row
of holes, the holes 55 being at the same distances apart as the holes in the transverse
bar A2 for the screw 20 and in the block 54 and in the needle plate K there is a
central hole, so that in adjusting the parts a pin can be passed through one of the
holes 55 and through the hole in the block 54 and the hole in the needle plate K
to bring these parts into correct position and by tightening the screws 84 that
connect the needle plate K to the block 54 the parts will be clamped firmly
against the back of the sheet holder bar and occupy the correct position in
relation to the other sewing devices.
The top edge of the needle plate is grooved downwardly as an arc of a circle
to form a recess through which the curved needle moves.
The shapes of the cam grooves E E' are indicated in Fig. 3 and it will be
seen that the sheet holder bar is drawn down when the rollers 7 & 8 are nearest
to the shaft D and raised when the rollers are furtherest from such shaft D and
the grooves E E¹ correspond with each other except in the portion indicated by
dotted lines, and when the sheet holder bar is being raised to its highest position
and held by the rollers 7 in the circular portion of the cam groove E the cam
B

page_text: groove of E' moves the needle bar to elevate the same and the perforators and
hook pointed needles, to pass them through the sheet and then draws such needle
bar down to draw the hooks into the needle plate, with the thread on one hook,
and then the needle bar is slightly raised to liberate the loop, after which the needle
bar and sheet holder move uniformly together in consequence of the cam
grooves E E' coinciding.
There is a transverse shaft 59 running along through the top frames A¹ and in
front of the needle blocks Q and upon this shaft 59 there are collars or blocks 61
that can be moved along to the proper place and through these blocks there are
screws 62 passing into spaced cavities in the shaft 59 for holding the blocks in the
positions to which they may be adjusted, and through each block 61 there is a
nearly vertical hole for the round shank of the looper 60, and this looper is bent
backwardly at an inclination towards the needle block Q and then forwardly as a
triangular point, and the block 61 is slotted adjacent to the hole for the shank of
the looper and provided with a screw 63 so that after the looper has been adjusted
by raising or lowering its shank in the hole in the block 61 or swinging the hooked
point of the looper either to the right or to the left in front of the needle block,
the parts are firmly held by turning the screw 63. In the face of the needle block
there is a recess at 87 into which the looper may be swung so that it comes
behind the point of the circular needle after the latter has risen from the signature
and passed through the loop that had been taken by the looper from the previously
sewed signature and held in a forward position and spread for the needle to pass up
through such loop, and then the looper is moved along and backwardly by partially
turning the shaft 59 to cast off the loop around the end of the circular needle and
then such looper is brought forward again to take a fresh loop of needle thread
from the circular needle as such circular needle is drawn backwardly in its
movements.
The looper shaft 59 may receive its movement by any suitable mechanism.
We however prefer and have represented the lever 66 as acted upon by the cam 67
at the proper time to give motion to a sleeve 68 that is fitted to slide endwise upon
the shaft 59 and in this sleeve 68 is a diagonal cam slot acting upon a pin 70 in the
looper shaft 59 so that by the end movement given to the sleeve 68 the looper
shaft and looper will be given the required motion and there is upon the shaft 59
an adjustable stop collar 71 (Fig. 1) that comes into contact with the inner surface
of one of the frames A and around the shaft 59 and within the sleeve 68 is an
expansive helical spring 72 acting between a collar on such looper shaft 59 and a
collar 73 within the sleeve 68 and there is a stop collar 75 at the end of the
shaft 59 that is adjustable by a screw against which the sleeve 68 comes in contact
upon the backward movement. By this construction when the looper lever 66 is
moved in one direction it gives to the looper shaft 59 a slight end wise movement
by the resisting action of the spring 72 and this carries the loopers 60 along
sufficiently for them to be swung backwardly without striking the points of the
circular needles and the further movement of the levers 66 and sleeves 68 com-
presses the spring 72 and the diagonal cam slot containing the pin 70 gives to the
looper shaft 59 and looper a partial turning movement throwing the looper
backwardly into the recess in the face of the needle block and at this moment
the lever 66 is moved in the other direction and the expansion of the spring 72
causes the looper shaft to remain without any endwise movement so that the
diagonal slot in the sleeve acting upon the pin 70 may partially rotate the looper
bar and throw the loopers forward to take loops of threads in the eye pointed
needles and the further movement of the lever 66 and sleeve 68 draws the
shaft 59 endwise by the sleeve coming in contact with the stop collar 75 and
by the adjustment of this collar 75 the endwise movement given to the looper
shaft 59 can be regulated so that the loopers will stop in the proper positions
for the loops of thread as held by them to be in the proper position for the
circular needles to pass up into such loops.
We make use of a table or support of any suitable character as shown at 80

page_text: upon which the lower edges of the sewed signatures and books rest and are
supported and this table is adjustable vertically by the screws 88 so as to be
adapted to different sizes of books as usual in book sewing machines. We also
find it advantageous to make use of supporting plates or blades 81 & 82
attached upon the under side of the transverse bar 83 and the frame A. These
plates are adjustable so that they can be set up against the top and bottom
edges of the sewed signatures near the folded backs of such signatures and
the edges of the plates coming towards each other and the signatures being
between them, such plates will support the signatures and hold them in position
sufficiently for steadying them while the sewed signatures are being pressed
backwardly from time to time and previous to their being separated into
volumes and the sewing threads cut and the tapes or cords drawn through
sufficiently to give the necessary length for being connected to the covers of the
books in the binding operation, and we remark that the tapes or cords from the
reels P are to pass beneath the presser bar W so that the eyes V vibrate above
the tapes or cords and the threads passing through such vibrating eyes are laid
above the tapes or cords and beneath the stationary finger 26.
We find it advantageous to provide six sets of sewing mechanism in a full sized
machine, so that for blank and account books of a large size the sewing can be
done as before described in six places, and for smaller or lighter books the sewing
can be done at three, four or five places, or for very small books the sewing may be
performed at only one or two places.
The operations of the respective parts in sewing are as follows:-
The attendant lays the folded signature over the sheet holder bar H at the time
the bar is in the depressed position indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1 there being
a stop on the bar H against which the head of the signature is arrested, and such
sheet holder bar is then carried up with the signature between the previously
sewed signatures and the back edge of the presser bar W said presser bar W being
drawn back sufficiently for the insertion of the signature that is to be sewed. As
the sheet holding bar is approaching its extreme upward movement the needle bar I
is raised in its relation to the sheet holder bar sufficient to project the hook pointed
needles 50 and the perforators 51 slightly above the top edge of the sheet holder
bar and this ensures the proper position of the folded signature to the perforators,
because the points of the hook pointed needles and perforators occupy the sharp
angle inside the fold of the signature and at this moment the top edge of the
folded signature comes into contact with the under surface of the sheet holder
plates 24 & 25 and the perforators and hook pointed needles are forced upwardly
through the fold of the signature as such signature is held down by such sheet
holder plates 24 & 25. As the hook pointed needles move up to their highest
elevation, the presser bar W is drawn back sufficiently for the vibrating eyes V to
be drawn back behind the hook pointed needles and in so doing the thread from
the vibrating eye leading to the previously sewed signature is drawn against the
hook of the hook pointed needle by the rod V being moved endwise and the
vibrating eye
is carried to its second position and during this movement the per-
forators and hook pointed needles are drawn down into the signature and a loop of
thread from the vibrating eye V is drawn into the signature and during this
movement the lifter plate 40 is moved downwardly sufficient for the loop tightener
hook 37 to cast off the loop of thread that had been around it and simultaneously
with this movement the semi-circular needle S commences its downward movement
passing into one of the perforations made by one of the perforators 51 and in so
doing the loop of thread that was cast off the hook 37 is drawn up and the needle S
passes into the signature and through the loop of thread drawn down by one of
the hook pointed needles 50 and such circular needle passes out of the other perforation
in the signature and through the loop of thread passing out of the previously sewed
signature and held by the looper 60. At this moment the looper shaft is moved
slightly end wise and the looper 60 is swung backwardly in the recess 87 in the face
of the needle block casting off its loop around the point of the circular needle and

page_text: the circular needle commences its backward movement throwing out a loop of thread
adjacent to its eye and the looper 60 instantly is moved forward again taking such
loop from the circular needle and holding the same forward of the signature and as
the circular needle draws back it leaves its loop of thread within the signature and
also within the loop of thread drawn down by the hook pointed needle. At this
moment the hook pointed needle rises sufficiently to relieve the strain or hold of
the hook upon the loop of thread and where a gill is made use of to close the hook
of the hook pointed needle this gill operates at this time, so that the rock shaft U
and take up bar U act to draw up and tighten the loop of thread above the hook
pointed needle and the further backward movement of the circular needle brings
the eye of the same out of the signature and the presser bar is brought up against
the sewed signature to force the same and the previously sewed signatures back-
wardly beneath the sheet holding plates 24 & 25 and needle block Q and to the
rear of the line of the sheet steadying fingers 36 and these sheet steadying fingers
are now brought down in front of the sewed signature to prevent the same coming
forward again by the expansion of the folded sheets as the presser bar W is drawn
back to give room for the insertion of another signature, and during these move-
ments the sheet holder bar H has been brought down out of the sewed signature
and another folded sheet or signature has been laid thereon ready to be carried up.
During the upward movement of the circular needle S and the backward movement
of the sewed signature as it is pressed back by the presser bar, the thread from the
sewed signature to the eye of the circular needle has drawn up behind the finger 36
and as the finger 36 has been carried down in front of the edge of the sewed
signature, the loop tightener hook 37 has been projected by the rear of that hook
coming in contact with the edge of the sheet holder plate 24 at the opening therein,
and the thread before mentioned is above this loop tightener hook, hence as the
next signature is brought up to place between the presser bar W and the previously
sewed signature, the slide block 35 finger 36 and loop tightener hook 37 are drawn
up, the thread from the circular needle is drawn upon by the loop tightener hook
which in this way applies the necessary tension to the longitudinal thread in the
previously sewed signatures to take up any slack in the thread and to apply the
necessary tension upon the sewing and then the operations before described are
repeated with the exception that the vibrating eye V has carried the thread that
passes through it from one side of the tape strip or cord leading from the reel B¹
to the other side of such tape, strip or cord and the hooks of the eye pointed
needles 50 stand outwardly the backs coming towards each other, in order that the
vibrating eye V may lay its thread in one hook in sewing one signature and in the
other hook in sewing the next signature thereby lacing the thread from the spool L
across the said tape, strip or cord. The sewing performed as above described is
illustrated in Fig. 22.
The take up bar St around which the thread passes between the spool L' and the
eye of the semi-circular needle is brought into action as the semi-circular needle is
passed down into the signature to be sewed, so as to give up the thread that is
needed as such needle is projected through the signature and the reverse movement
is given to such take up bar S as the needle draws back in order to tighten up the
sewing and draw sufficient thread off the spool for the next stitch taken by the
semi-circular needle.
It is to be understood that in cases where cords are made use of upon
the spools it is preferable to channel the signatures with saw-cuts at the
places where such cords are introduced, so that the cords do not project unduly at
the back of the book, but with smaller sized cords this channeling is unnecessary,
and it will be apparent that the hook pointed needles 50 require to be placed closer
together for a cord than they do for a tape or strip and the main shaft C and
secondary shaft D should be revolved once for each signature sewed and the cam V*
that gives motion to the vibrating eye has to be revolved once every two revolutions
of the shaft C hence it is advantageous to employ the pinion 55 upon the shaft B
gearing into teeth 57 upon the edge of the cam V and to use a larger pinion 2 on

page_text: the shaft B driving a gear wheel 3 on the shaft C, the relative sizes of these
pinions and gears being such that the cam V* will be revolved once for every two
revolutions of the shaft C, it being understood that the wheel 3 is fastened upon
the shaft C while the cam V having the teeth 57 on its periphery is loose upon
said shaft C and held in position by a washer or collar. We however remark that
the sewing might be performed in this machine if only one hook pointed needle 50
was made use of in each set or group of sewing devices in which instance the
vibrator V will be moved back and forth with the presser bar each sewing opera-
tion and lay its thread in the one hook and in this instance the tape or strip
from the reel P will be dispensed with. Fig. 27 illustrates the sewing that is
performed when but one hook pointed needle 50 is employed with each group
of sewing devices.
Instead of employing hook pointed needles 50 to interlace the thread from the
eye V with the thread of the needle S an eye pointed vibrator or needle like that
shown in Figs. 23, 23* 24, 25, and 26 may be used.
10
In this instance the eye pointed vibrator A is upon an arm or stock A
upon a shaft B in bearings upon the frame A and said shaft receives an end.
wise motion at the proper time by means of a lever C2 having a pin acting in
a grooved collar C₁; said shaft B10 is also rocked at the proper time by any
suitable means such as by the crank Do and connecting rod D¹² to a cam upon
the machine. The needle plate K and sheet holder H are recessed for the
passage of the eye pointed vibrator, and said vibrator has an eye 127 near its
point, a guide eye 126 near its shank and a recess upon its convex surface above
the eye 127 so that the semi-circular needle S may pass through the loop of
thread at the convex side of the eye pointed vibrator; in this case the interlacing
thread will pass through the eye 126 and along the concave side of the needle
and out through the eye 127 and up to the signature that has previously been
sewed, and the loop of thread 120 will be a plain loop through which the
longitudinal loops of thread from the needle S pass as illustrated in Fig. 22
and it is to be understood that the eye pointed vibrator is first passed into the
folded signature at one side of the strip of parchment, or the tape 86 and then
into the next signature that is sewed, at the other side of the parchment and
so on, so that the tape or strip of parchment is bound to the back of the book
by the crossing of the thread 120 and to accomplish this the shaft B10 receives
an end wise motion first in one direction and then in the other equal to the width
of the strip of parchment or tape 86. Where the tape or strip of parchment
is not used it is not necessary to give the shaft B an endwise motion and the
loops of thread 120 will be in line with each other. If the eye pointed vibrator
is recessed upon the concave side and the thread 120 led as shown by dotted
lines in Fig. 26 then the interlacing of the thread 120 will be as in Fig. 27.
It is to be understood that the sewing performed by the needle S and the eye
pointed vibrator A¹ is precisely the same as that performed by the needle S
and the hook pointed needles 50.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claims is
First. The combination with the sheet holder bar and the hook pointed needles
and perforators, of needle plates grooved for receiving the hook pointed needles and
perforators, the needle bar for giving motion to the needles and perforators and the
levers and cams for moving the respective parts, substantially as set forth.
Second. In a book sewing machine, the combination with the sewing mechanism,
of a sheet holder bar, grooved guide bars for the ends of the sheet holder bar and
the frames, levers and cams for giving motion to the sheet holder bar, substantially
as set forth.
Third. The combination in a book sewing machine, of the sheet holding bar and
two or more groups of sewing devices adjustable transversely of the machine, one

page_text: part of each group of sewing devices being upon the sheet holder bar and adjustable
thereon and the other portion of the group being above the sheet holder bar which
holds the signature that is being sewed and also adjustable upon a stationary trans-
verse bar, on the machine, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination with the frame and transverse bar A2 of the needle
block Qadjustable upon such transverse bar, there being a row of holes in the
transverse bar and a screw on the needle block adapted to hold such needle block in
position when adjusted, and the curved needle and sheet holder plates connected
with the needle block, the needle, shaft, pinion, and rack bar for giving motion to
the needle, substantially as set forth.
Fifth. The combination with the transverse bar A² grooved upon its back surface
and having a row of holes or cavities, of the needle block Q and the gib 18 passing
into the groove of the transverse bar, the eye pointed curved needle, the needle
shaft passing through the needle block, the pinion and rack bar for giving motion
to the needles, substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The combination with the sheet holder bar, of a movable needle plate
grooved for the reception of the perforators and the hook pointed needles, a block
within an undercut or dovetailed groove, in the sheet holder bar, and screws for
connecting the needle plate and the block, there being holes in the sheet holder bar,
block and needle plate for determining the position of the needle plate by the
insertion of a pin through such holes, substantially as set forth.
Seventh. The combination with an eye pointed needle and the sheet holder bar,
needle plate, perforator and hook pointed needles, of the needle har adapted to
move vertically against the sheet holder bar and grooved for the reception of ribs
upon the perforators and hook pointed needles, frames, levers, and cams for giving
motion to the sheet holder bar and frames levers and cams for giving motion to the
needle bar, such cams being adapted to move the sheet holder bar, needle bar, hook
pointed needles and perforators together and then to project and retract the hook
pointed needles and perforators while the sheet holder bar remains in its elevated
position, substantially as set forth.
Eighth. The combination with the eye pointed curved needles and the comple-
mental stitch forming mechanism and a mechanism for giving motion to the same,
of a presser bar mechanism for moving the presser bar against the sewed signature
to move the same backwardly, and sheet steadying fingers and mechanism for
moving the same downwardly to hold the sewed signature back in position as the
presser bar is drawn back for the insertion of another signature to be sewed sub-
stantially as set forth.
Ninth. The combination with the book sewing mechanism, of a presser bar and
mechanism for moving the same across the sewed signature backwardly, a rod
sliding longitudinally within the presser bar, an eye connected with the said rod for
supplying thread to the looping mechanism whereby the eye and thread carried by it
are caused to assume the proper positions during the sewing operation by the joint
action of the presser bar and the vibrating rod within the presser bar substantially
as set forth.
Tenth. The combination with the adjustable needle block, the curved needle and
the mechanism for giving motion to such curved needle, of the sliding block 35 the
sheet steadying finger connected with such block, the lifter plate 40 having a longi-
tudinal rib entering the transverse groove in the sliding block and mechanism for
giving to the lifter plate the required motion to raise and lower the sliding block
and steadying finger substantially as set forth.
Eleventh. The combination with the adjustable needle block, the block 35 sliding
in the groove in the needle block and the sheet steadying finger 36 of the lifter
plate 40 connected with the sliding block 35 and having inclined mortices in which
lifter plate the reciprocating bar 43 and the blocks connected therewith and acting
within the slots of the lifter plate and the lever and cam for giving motion to the
reciprocating bar and lifter plate, substantially as set forth.
Twelfth. The combination with the semi-circular eye pointed needle and the

page_text: shaft for moving the same, of the loop tightener hook 37 and means for giving
motion to the same for drawing up the thread between the eye of the curved needle
and the signature that has been sewed, substantially as set forth.
Thirteenth. The combination with the semi-circular eye pointed needle and the
shaft and mechanism for moving the same of the sliding block 35 the sheet steadying
finger 36 the loop tightener hook 37 pivoted to the sheet steadying finger and
having a spring tail, the stud 38 acting to retract the loop tightener and the sheet
holder plate 24 having an opening for the passage of the needle, the steadying
finger and the loop tightener substantially as set forth.
Fourteenth. The combination with the sheet holding bar and the groups of sewing
devices and the thread bars and take up mechanism in a book sewing machine, of a
spool holder, a transverse bar to which the spool holder is adjustably connected, a
frame and spring eye connected to the spool holder and adjustable with it for varying
the position of the spools and holders as required for the groups of sewing devices
in the book sewing machine, substantially as set forth.
Fifteenth. The combination in a book sewing machine, of sewing mechanism
adjustable transversely of the machine, a spool holder adjustable transversely of the
machine, and a reel frame and reel for a tape or cord also adjustable transversely of
the machine whereby the instrumentalities for perfecting the book sewing can be
thrown in the proper positions in relation to the signatures to be sewed, substantially
as set forth.
Sixteenth. The combination with the eye pointed curved needle in a book sewing
machine, of a looper, a looper shaft, a block upon the shaft receiving through it the
vertical circular shank of the looper, the body of the looper being bent backwardly
and the point of the looper extending forwardly, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
Seventeenth. The combination in a book sewing machine, with a signature or
sheet holding bar and eye pointed needles for laying threads longitudinally within
the signatures, of hook pointed needles standing vertically within the sheet holding
bar, mechanism substantially as specified for projecting the hook pointed needles
outwardly through the back of the signature from within and for retracting the
same, and vibrators or thread carriers for engaging other threads with the hook
pointed needles, whereby loops of thread are drawn down within said signatures and
the eye pointed needles lay the longitudinal threads within the signatures and
within the loops substantially as set forth.
Eighteenth. The combination with the sheet holding bar or arm, of a pointed
hook and perforators, and means for moving such hook and perforators to project
them through the signature upon the bar or arm, a vibrator or carrier for engaging
a thread with the hook and an eye pointed needle passing through the holes made
by the perforators and laying a thread through the loop drawn in by the hook
substantially as specified.
Nineteenth. In a book sewing machine the combination with a curved eye pointed
needle adapted to pass into and come out at the back of the signature, and a sheet
holding support or arm, of a perforating device acting at the fold of the sheet
between the place where the curved needle enters the signature and the place where
it emerges therefrom, such perforating device being adapted to draw a loop of
thread into the path of the curved needle so that such curved needle passes through
such loop to leave its own thread within such loop, substantially as set forth.
Twentieth. The combination with the needle shaft and the semi-circular eye
pointed needle having an arm at the rear end extending to and connected with the
needle shaft, of a needle block grooved upon its face for the reception of the needle
whereby the needle is supported upon its concave side, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-first. The combination with the needle shaft the sheet holder and the
needle block, of the semi-circular eye pointed needle having a bend or offset 116
between the semi-circular portion and the arm 115 substantially as set forth.
Twenty-second. The combination with the needle shaft the sheet holder and the
needle block, of the semi-circular eye pointed needle, having an offset or bend at 116

page_text: and the arm 115 bent backwardly, so that the connection to the shaft or axis of
motion of the needle is behind the plane in which the semi-circular needle moves,
substantially as set forth.
Twenty-third. The combination with the sheet holding arm and curved eye
pointed needle S of the eye pointed vibrator A" with an eye near the end for the
passage of a second thread and a rock shaft and stock for supporting and moving
the eye pointed vibrator into and out of the signature upon the sheet holding arm,
substantially as set forth.
×
Twenty-fourth. The method herein specified of sewing books, consisting in
perforating each signature in succession from within outwardly through the folded
back portion, laying threads from one signature to the next, drawing down the
threads in the form of loops within the folds of the signatures, passing sewing threads
longitudinally of the signatures and through the aforesaid loops and drawing taut
the various loops and threads, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-fifth. The method herein specified of sewing books, consisting in laying
tapes across the folded back portions of the signatures, perforating each signature in
succession from within outwardly through the folded back portion and at opposite
sides of the tapes, laying threads diagonally across the tapes from one signature to
the next, drawing down the threads at opposite edges of the tapes in the form of
loops within the folds of the signatures, passing sewing threads longitudinally of
the signatures and through the aforesaid loops and drawing taut the various loops
and threads, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-sixth. The combination with the sheet holding arm and a needle for
laying the thread longitudinally within the signature, of an eye pointed vibrator, a
rock shaft and stock for giving motion to the vibrator, and mechanism for com-
municating an end motion to the rock shaft to vary the position of the vibrator as it
passes into the alternate sheets, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-seventh. The combination with the sheet holding arm and a needle
carrying a thread longitudinally into the signature, of the vibrator A" formed as
an are of a circle, an eye near the point and a recess above the eye for the passage
of the needle carrying the second thread, and a guide eye near the shank of the
vibrator, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 23rd day of January 1801
J. R. REYNOLDS.
A. I. JACOBS.
By Brewer & Son,
Agents.