matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRINTING HANKS OF YARNS OR THREADS AND WARPS WITH ONE OR MORE COLORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Edmeston and
Charles Edmeston at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 26th May 1868.
We, ARCHIBALD EDMESTON and CHARLES EDMESTON, of Salford, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Machinists, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PRINTING HANKS OF YARNS OR THREADS AND WARPS WITH ONE
OR MORE COLORS," to be as follows:-
On
In suitable framework we place one, two, or more pairs of ordinary
grooved printing rollers one above the other, the rollers being supplied
with color from color rollers in color boxes in the usual manner.
the shaft of the printing rollers there are bevil wheels gearing into
bevil wheels attached to boxes fixed to a shaft driven by worm or
toothed gearing from the driving shaft of the machine; the said boxes
being provided with screws for adjusting the wheels to enable the pro-
jecting ribs of the rollers to correspond with exactness. At the insides
of the framework beyond the ends of the rollers we place two elevating
or carrying screws having square threads of any required pitch, and turned
by bevil wheels from the driving shaft of the machine, and the hanks

page_text: of yarns or threads are held on rods placed in the grooves of the screws,
the rods having projecting ends fitted to work in two metal guides at
the front of the screws. The screws are turned at a speed exactly cor-
responding with the surface speed of the printing rollers, and at the
tops of the screws there are cams so fixed that when the rods arrive at
the tops of the screws they deliver the rods with the hanks on to two
brackets fixed to the tops of the two metal guides. One printing roller
of each pair, with its corresponding color roller and color box, is mounted
on sliding pedestals adjusted with screws and springs, so that when the
rods with the hanks pass between the rollers the springs shall yield to
allow them to pass, and afterwards expand to give the required pres-
sure for printing the colors. The several pairs of printing rollers and
carrying screws may be placed in a horizontal or angular position, and
endless chains or rack may be employed instead of the screws for
passing the hanks between the rollers. When warps are to be printed
they are passed between the printing rollers, and then over any
arrangement of drying apparatus to a winding-on beam, the carrying
screws and guides being dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM ENGINE BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker McCarter at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th February 1868.
I, JOHN WALKER MCCARTER, of Londonderry, in the County of
Londonderry, in Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE
FEED WATER OF STEAM ENGINE BOILERS," to be as follows:-
I attach a heater to a branch of the exhaust the steam out of which
passes through it (thus heating the feed water, which passes through
pipes contained in the heater), and made of copper or other suitable
material, the heating being thus effected before the feed water passes
into the condenser, the vacuum in which is also improved, and a very
considerable saving in fuel is effected. This heater should be fitted
between the cylinder and the condenser, and consists of a cylinder or
chamber into which the hot steam from the exhaust enters and passes
through into the condenser, heating in its passage the tubes through
which passes the cold water from the pump, which is thus heated,. and
issues and proceeds as heated water to the boiler.
A NEW MODE OF ADVERTISING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francois Theodule Labitte at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd November 1868.
I, FRANCOIS THEODULE LABITTE, of No. 49, Rue de Rivoli, Paris,
in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW MODE OF ADVERTISING," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
The Invention consists in applying addresses, advertisements, notices,
and illustrations to articles of various kinds and forms made of ceramic
materials, glass, and crystal, either by drawing or painting, by calligraphy,
printing, autography, or lithography, or by photography, or engraving,
or by any other like process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Goodman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August
1868.
I, ALFRED GOODMAN, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Engineer, dou hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to.
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the prevention of smoke and
cconomising of fuel in steam boiler and other furnaces, and consists
in the employment of fire-bars which are caused to. vibrate vertically
at the front end on a fulcrum situate at or near their inner ends, such
vibratory motion being imparted to them by means of a series of tappets.
or wipers adjusted on a transverse revolving shaft. The several bars
rest upon a transverse bearer, which takes the weight off all the tappets
or wipers except those which are in the act of lifting, by which arrange-
ment the power required for driving the tappets is considerably reduced.
The surface of cach fire-bar is notched or corrugated, and these several
notched bars are so combined and arranged as by their simple vertical

page_text: This
movement to impel forward the fuel as fast as it is allowed to enter
thereon, this being effected by giving a slight lead to the notches or
corrugations in each adjoining bar. The fuel is supplied continuously
from a hopper, the front lower portion of which is caused to vibrate by
the action of the bars, thereby preventing clogging of the fuel in the
throat of the hopper. The front upper part of the hopper is also
capable of being opened back when required to remove the fuel there-
from, thus giving free access to the interior of the furnace.
hopper is provided with a regulating slide for adjusting the feed of the
fuel. When the fire is required to be "banked up" the tappet shaft
with its tappets may be lowered by screws or otherwise, so as to bring
the several fire-bars on to the transverse bearer herein-before referred
to, thereby leaving the series of bars on the same level, and thus pre-
venting unequal burning away. Motion may be imparted to the tappet
shafts of any number of boilers in a row from an overhead driving shaft
and suitable gearing or driving straps and pulleys. In some cases, if
thought desirable, a brick arch may be built between the feeding hopper
and the front of the furnace, in order to expedite the ignition of the
green fuel, and an inclined deflecting arch or bridge may be constructed
at or near the after end of the furnace, the front of such bridge being
in contact with the roof of the furnace chamber, whilst the hinder
portion is rather lower, so as to leave a space between the roof and
the top of the arch at that part. The deflecting arch should be brought
sufficiently forward to allow of the requisite area between it and the
ordinary fire-bridge when used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Brown Sawers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th June 1868.
I, ROBERT BROWN SAWERS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the production in a simple and
economical manner of ornamental fabrics similar to fabrics of the
"Paisley shawl" class, but with a perfect pattern on both sides and
suitable for zebras, shawls, plaids, and garments.
The improved fabric is woven by means of jacquard or equivalent
pattern mechanism, and with what is known as "full" harness. Two
warps are employed, a kind of double cloth being produced, and whilst
more than two shuttles may be used it is a special feature of the
Invention that a very rich or claborate effect can be obtained with only
two shuttles, namely, by causing the warps which are of two or more
colors to form figure in combination with the figuring formed by the
weft. The warps of the under side, that is, those warps which appear

page_text: principally on the under side and compose the ground of the pattern on
the under side, are made to form figure on the upper side, and in
like-manner the upper warps are made to form figure on the under
side.
The Invention is carried into effect by painting the pattern in a
suitable manner upon the design paper, and by perforating the jacquard
cards to correspond.
According to one modification two designs are made, and the card
cutter perforates for the odd needles of the jacquard apparatus from one
design and for the even needles from the other design. This is to suit
the tying up of the harness in the ordinary way with the under and
upper warps entered in regular alternate succession, but harness may be
tied up separately for the under and upper warps respectively, and in
that case the part of each card acting on the harness of the under
side must be perforated from one design and the remainder from the
other.
According to another modification two designs having been made, as
ordinarily practised for a two-sided fabric, two other designs are prepared
therefrom on "full tie" paper, one for each of the two shuttles, and on
each of these designs the spaces for both the odd and the even needles
are filled in to suit the pattern, so that the card cutter can perforate
simultaneously for both the odd and the even needles instead of perforating
for them separately, as in the first modification.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SANDAL OR OVERSHOE FOR PREVENTING SLIPPING IN FROSTY WEATHER AND OTHER USES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Greville Conyers Hudson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st March 1868.
I, WALTER GREVILLE CONYERS HUDSON, of Barbara Street, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SANDAL OR OVERSHOE FOR PREVENTING
SLIPPING IN FROSTY WEATHER AND OTHER USES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved sandal or overshoe chiefly
intended for wear in frosty weather to prevent slipping, or as an overshoe
for warming the feet.
I propose to form the sole of the sandal or overshoe of felt or woollen
material, or of a mixture of fibrous material in order to present a rough
surface to the ground; the sole is to be formed of leather or other
material, and a toe piece is applied as an upper leather or band of any
suitable material to secure the sandal to the front of the boot; the
edges of this toe piece are fixed or fastened upon the sole, consisting
of one or more substances, and these substances are fastened by rivets,
stitches, or by adhesive matter; the sole extends to the bridge of the

page_text: boot, but may be continued and fitted with a heel, and an elastic or
other strap or band is attached to each side of the sole at its termi-
nation; the strap comes over the instep and is crossed to extend behind
the heel of the boot, and fastened by a buckle or loop fastening. The
toe piece may be open in front to permit the toe of the boot to extend
beyond it, or the toe piece may be made to enclose the toe of the boot
completely; the strap or band instead of crossing the instep may extend
from the fore part of the sandal or upper direct to the heel. The
sandal or overshoe may be carried in the pocket, and adjusted to the
boot with the greatest facility. The sole may also consist of inter-
mediate surfaces of india-rubber and felt, or leather and felt, the felt,
woollen, or other suitable material being stitched or fastened by other
means to the sole, which may be made of india-rubber, leather, or other
material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF AND VENTILATING HOT HOUSES, CONSERVATORIES, AND OTHER ROOMS AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Morgan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1868.
I, JABEZ MORGAN, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester,
Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF AND
VENTILATING HOT HOUSES, CONSERVATORIES, AND OTHER ROOMS AND BUILDINGS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the arrangements herein-after described for
opening and closing the windows of hot houses, conservatories, and
other rooms and buildings when the air therein attains a certain
temperature, and thereby admitting the external air, and thus regulating
the temperature of and ventilating the said rooms and buildings.
In carrying my Invention into effect I construct a mercuria!
thermometer in the bulb or lower part of the stem, of which a platinum
or other metallic wire is sealed so as to be in metallic communication
with the mercury of the thermometer. In the upper part of the bore
of the thermometer stem is another similar wire which may either be

page_text: sealed in the said bore or may be capable of sliding through a stuffing
box or otherwise in the said bore. The two wires described are
respectively in- communication with the positive and negative elements
of a voltaic battery, and in the circuit of the said battery is an
electro-magnet. When the temperature of the hot house or other
room rises so high that the mercury in the bore of the thermometer
ascends sufficiently in the said bore to come in contact with the wire
in the said bore an electrical communication is thereby established,
the voltaic circuit is completed, and the electro-magnet referred to
is excited and becomes powerfully magnetic. When the temperature
of the hot house or room falls so far as to cause the mercury in the
bore of the thermometer no longer to touch the wire in the bore,
the electrical circuit is broken and the electro-magnet referred to
loses its magnetic power. When the wire in the bore of the thermo-
meter is sealed and its position fixed the electro-magnet is brought
into and thrown out of action at fixed temperatures. When however
the wire in the bore is capable of sliding it may be adjusted to such
a position in the bore as to bring into and throw out of action
the electro-magnet at any desired temperature. When the electro-
magnet referred to is in action it attracts an armature or keeper, the
motion of which opens the window of the hot house or room, and when
the electro-magnet is out of action and no longer attracts its armature
the window which is properly balanced for the purpose returns to the
normal or closed position. In order to prevent the too sudden closing of
the window a pneumatic or hydraulic apparatus may be employed by the
escape of air or water from which the rate of closing the window may be
determined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Cowperthwaite at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1868.
I, STEPHEN COWPERTHWAITE, of Chapel Allerton, near Leeds, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of apparatus to be applied to an ordinary
lathe, in which apparatus a series of, cutters is so arranged in a drum
that as it revolves each cutter is successively caused to act on the
material or blank to be turned, so that the shape of the said blank is
perfected during one revolution of the of the said drum. The said drum
is mounted opposite to the blank to be turned upon a shaft which is
parallel to the axis of the said blank, and which turns in brackets
fixed either upon the bed or frame of the lathe to which my apparatus
is applied or upon a separate bed placed in juxtaposition to the said
lathe. Apertures or slots are formed in the periphery of the said drum
at short distances apart, in which slots the cutters herein-before referred

page_text: to are so mounted as to be capable of a sliding motion in a radial
direction, the said cutters being acted upon by tappets on the drum,
which tappets as the said drum revolves cause the edge of each cutter
(which is of a shape corresponding to that to be given to the blank)
to project further from the periphery of the drum than the edge of
the last preceding cutter. A disc or catch wheel is fixed on the drum
shaft in the face of which disc a hole is made in which hole the end of
a sliding stop rod engages at each revolution of the said shaft; the
other end of the said rod is connected to a lever arrangement at the
end of the lathe by which means the said rod can be withdrawn from
the hole in the disc when it is required to start the apparatus. Motion
may be communicated to the drum shaft by means of a pulley on the
same, driven from any adjoining shaft. In some cases I use fixed
cutters secured in any convenient manner to the periphery of the
drum, and adjustable, an arrangement equivalent mechanically to the
tappet one. The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The blank to
be turned having been fixed in the lathe in the usual manner, the
attendant withdraws the stop rod from the hole in the disc, and the drum
shaft slowly revolves and (the lathe being also set in motion) the blank
is acted upon by each of the cutters successively, each cutter deepening
the previous "cut," so that by the time that the drum has completed
one revolution and the last cutter has acted on the said blank the
latter has been turned to the required shape. The stop rod then enters
the hole in the disc and stops the apparatus; the finished article is then
removed from and a fresh blank is fixed in the lathe, and the operation
described is repeated. My Invention is especially applicable to the
turning of wooden bobbins, but may also be applied to the turning
of other articles.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, CEMENTS, POTTERY AND PORCELAIN WARE, AND OTHER ARTICLES OR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leveson Leek Sweatnam
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th November 1868.
I, JOHN LEVESON LEEK SWEATNAM, of Longton, in the County of
Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, CEMENTS, POTTERY AND
PORCELAIN WARE, AND OTHER ARTICLES OR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the economising of fuel in kilns or
ovens, and the consumption or prevention of smoke in burning bricks,
tiles, cements, pottery and "porcelain ware, and other articles or sub-
stances, and consists essentially of an improved mode of conveying
the heat from one kiln or oven to another in a series of kilns or
ovens combined with an up and down draught in each kiln or oven.
Each kiln or oven is provided with one or more fire-holes, or one
fire-hole may serve for a series of kilns or ovens separated from each
other by double walls or partitions, in which latter case the heat
passes under one separating wall and over another, a passage being
left between the double walls to which access is afforded by openings

page_text: made at the bottom of one wall and the top of the other for allowing
the heat to pass from one kiln or oven to another.
In all cases the heat and draught are caused to pass direct to the
centre of the kiln or oven by having a screen or upright wall built
up inside the kiln or oven behind the fire, and extending midway
up the kiln or oven, hence the heat enters the kiln or oven midway
between the floor and roof or crown. The draught separates in the
centre of the kiln or oven into an up and down draught; the up
draught passes thro' flues in the crown of the kilns or ovens, and
the down draught through an open work or perforated floor to a flue
in the bottom of the kiln or oven, both the top and bottom flues uniting
in one main flue leading to the chimney or stack.
All the openings through which the heat & draughts pass are
provided with dampers for regulating and directing the course thereof.
It will thus be seen that in lieu of the smoke, sulphur, & products
of combustion passing direct to the atmosphere from the crown of each
kiln or oven, as heretofore, they are carried away by top and bottom
flues leading to a main flue which is in communication with a chimney
or stack.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CROSSOVERS,' SCARVES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF APPAREL KNOWN AS FRAME AND KNITTED WOOLLEN GOODS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bertha Vette at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 1st January
1868.
I, BERTHA VETTE, wife of Theodor Vette, of Berlin, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CROSSOVERS,' SCARVES, AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF APPAREL KNOWN AS FRAME AND KNITTED WOOLLEN GOODS," to be
as follows:-
Frame and knitted goods having hitherto been made by sewing or
knotting threads on other threads which are distended by means of
pins I now produce these articles by interweaving the threads or drawing
them through.
By the old mode of making these goods a form is set up on which
the foundation threads are extended by means of pins all round the
outer edge of the form; over these foundation threads there are then
sewn or knotted in rows two or more other threads, and the consequence
of this is that when the article is finished rectangular spaces are seen
between the threads. Now by my process after having set up the form
I do not knot or sew the threads on the foundation thread but I
interweave them or draw them through, thereby retaining all their
original strength and position, so that when finished the articles are

page_text: much closer made and have the appearance of woven goods. As I
am enabled to extend on the pins every description of threads, whether
woollen, half woollen, cotton, silk yarns, either single or twisted, or
chenille, all of which may be of one or more colours of any shade or
hue, and afterwards to interweave them or draw them through any
other or the same description of threads, I can produce articles of the
most manifold designs as well as shapes since I can alter these latter
at pleasure by the position of the pins on the forms. Since I do not
knot or sew the threads on the foundation but interweave them or
draw them through I produce a design on both sides of the article
when different coloured threads are employed, which is a decided im-
provement on the knitted or frame-made goods as manufactured hitherto,
of which the reverse side is always of one colour only and always
looks rough and unsightly, owing to the knotting or sewing on of the
transverse threads.
AN IMPROVED NON-CONDUCTING COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION OF HEAT OR COLD, AND AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING THE SAME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Le Roy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1868.
I, FERDINAND LE ROY, of the Commercial Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED NON-CONDUCTING COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING
THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION OF HEAT OR COLD, AND AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF APPLYING THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements on the Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me, dated the Twenty-seventh day of
March, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, Number 864, and
consists in certain additions to and modifications in the substances
constituting and process of treating the composition therein referred
to, and in an improved mode of applying the same.
My improved composition can be used as a substitute for mortar and
cement in building or stopping up boilers and other steam receivers
with bricks, also for coating steam boilers, locomotives, cylinders,
steam pipes, charcoal filters, and other steam receivers and apparatus
of any kind where it is required to prevent the radiation of heat; it

page_text: may also be used for coating pumps, cylinders, pipes, and other utensils
and apparatus for containing and conveying water and other liquids
and beverages requiring to be protected from the external air, intense
cold, and frost.
I prepare the improved non-conducting composition by mixing and
combining brick clay with powdered charcoal, sawdust, fuel sweepings,
cow hair, cocoa-nut fibre, wheaten flour, yeast, or other fermentable
substance, residues from the conversion of starch into sugar, water,
and cotton foot oil in the following manner :-In a vessel of a suitable
form and size, furnished with a stirring apparatus, I place about 112 parts
in weight of brick clay, 70 parts in weight of powdered charcoal,
28 parts in weight of sawdust, 28 parts in weight of fuel sweepings,
8 parts in weight of cow hair, 8 parts in weight of cocoa-nut fibre,
2 parts in weight of wheaten flour, yeast, or other fermentable substance,
8 parts in weight of residues from the conversion of starch into sugar,
80 parts in weight of water, and 36 parts in weight of cotton foot oil.
The stirring apparatus is then put in motion, and as soon as these
substances are well mixed and combined into a paste or mortar, I put
the composition into a fermenting vat and submit it to a certain
temperature, so as to cause fermentation, the result of which is a
homogeneous self-adhesive substance, which is then ready to be used
for the purposes herein-before described. For covering marine and
locomotive boilers, the fronts of horizontal boilers, and flat upright
surfaces, I use at certain distances between the first and second inch of
the composition hoop iron fastened at each end with screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Armstrong and
Charles Browne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd March 1868.
We, WILLIAM JOHN ARMSTRONG and CHARLES BROWNE, both of
No. 1, Burton Terrace, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Master
Mariners, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object to furnish an improved anchor,
strong, durable, and simple, and which shall be so constructed as to
clear itself should it become fouled, and it consists in the construction
of the crown, shank, and stock of the anchor, and in the manner in
which said parts are attached to each other, as herein-after more fully
described.
The shank, crown, and stock of the anchor are made in seperate
pieces; upon the shank at the lower end is formed a tenon, the shoulders
of which incline in each direction from the central point, so that the
crown of the anchor may rock upon the said tenon to enable the flukes
to take a surer hold in the ground. The crown is made with a slot
through it to receive and fit upon the tenon of the shank, the ends of

page_text: the slot being inclined outwards in each direction from the centre to
enable the crown to rock upon the tenon without getting out of its
proper relative position. It will be observed that when the fluke of the
anchor has hold of the ground the edges of the crown rest against the
inclined shoulders of the shank and the inclined ends of the slot through
the crown rest against the edge of the tenon, so as to give the connection
great firmness and strength. The crown is secured in its place upon
the tenon of the shank by blocks at the end of the shank, which are
rivetted, welded, brazed, or in any other ordinary manner securely and
firmly attached to the sides of the lower end of the said tenon. The
upper ends of the blocks are inclined outwards from their central points
in the same manner as the shoulders of the said tenon. The stock is
made in two parts, the inner end of each part having a tenon formed
upon it, which passes through a mortise formed in the upper end of the
shank for its reception. The parts of the stock are secured in place in
the shank by blocks rivetted, welded, brazed, or in any other ordinary
manner securely attached to the sides of the said tenons. The mortise
through the upper part of the shank is so formed, and the shoulders of
the tenons and the inner ends of the blocks are so inclined, that the
outer ends of the parts of the stock may incline upwards to allow the
cable to slip off the stock should it become fouled, but they cannot
move downwards further than to be at right angles to the shank. This
construction allows the crown and upper end of the shank where
weakened by the mortises to be made of any desired thickness, so as to
be of any desired strength.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MEANS OR. APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES FOR THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1868.
I, EDWARD WRIGHT, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer
and Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MEANS OR. APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO STEAM
BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES FOR THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE," to
be as follows:-
The Invention relates to self-acting means or apparatus for opening
and closing steam pipes or steam jets and air valves or doors applied to
such furnaces to promote combustion of fuel and consumption or
prevention of smoke, and consists of a cylinder attached to the front of
the boiler or otherwise to the front part of the furnace, such cylinder
having a piston valve or bucket therein to which is attached a rod
passing through a stuffing box in the cylinder cover and connected to
a lever hinged to the front of boiler or furnace. A pipe connects the
two ends of the cylinder, and a tap is introduced into the pipe to stop or
regulate the passage of water supplied to the cylinder. Attached to
one end of the lever is a rod which is connected to the lever of a tap

page_text: in the steam pipe, and to the other end is a chain connected to the air
valves or doors hinged in an opening of the furnace door. To the furnace
door is hinged a rod connected to a lever, which when the furnace
door is opened actuates a cam or another lever for operating or
lifting the first-named lever and also for pressing the piston or bucket:
to the bottom of the cylinder. A weight or spring is applied to the
said first-named lever, which gradually acts on the said valve or bucket
to raise it as the water passes through the pipe to the other end of the"
cylinder according as the tap therein is opened more or less to allow
or admit its passage, so that when the furnace door is opened for the
charge of fuel or breaking up of the fire the steam pipes or jets are
opened to inject steam into the furnace and also the air valves or doors
are opened to admit air to the furnace, and when the furnace is closed
the lever acting on the piston gradually closes the steam pipe, shutting
off the steam jets, and also closes the air valves, excluding the air until
the furnace door is again opened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR DRESSING MILLSTONES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hine at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th November
1868.
I, JOHN HINB, of Cockermouth, in the County of Cumberland, Miller,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR DRESSING MILLSTONES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for facilitating the
cutting or dressing of millstones by means of diamonds or other hard
stones or cutters..
The apparatus consists of a rectangular frame having a longitudinal
opening or slot in which works the block containing the diamond or
other cutter. This frame is firmly attached by means of a nut working
in a slot at one end of said frame to a radial arm pivotted at the centre
of the millstone so as to turn freely. The attachment between the arm
and frame is adjustable by means of the nut and slot above mentioned,
so that lines may be cut at any angle to the circumference of the stone.
When a line has been cut by traversing the cutting tool or block above
mentioned by hand from one end to the other of the opening in the frame,

page_text: said frame is advanced a suitable distance for making a second cut by
turning a thumbscrew in rear and near the outer end of said frame, working
in a screw socket pivotted to a segmental bed plate resting on the stone
on which the operator sits. In this manner by turning the thumbscrew
each time the cutting block traverses the frame a number of similar and
successive cuts will be produced, each extending from the circumference
to a point more or less at one side of the centre of the stone, according
to the angle at which the radial arm is fixed to the frame. When the
thumbscrew has reached the end of its course its motion is reversed and
the segmental plate advanced to proceed as before, until the cutting or
dressing of the stone is completed. In order to facilitate the dressing by
causing the cutting tool to bear on the stone with a uniform force the
latter is provided with a projecting flange on either side at the lower part,
received in a recess in the under surface of the frame, so that the cutting
block which must be inserted in the frame from below is kept close
down on the surface of the stone during the cutting operation. The
cutting and dressing will be further facilitated by adjusting several
diamonds or other cutting stones in a line in the block, in such manner
that the depth of the cut in in the stone may be gradually increased by
each cutter successively, instead of being made the whole depth at once
by a single cutter only as hitherto.
AN IMPROVED VELOCIPEDE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Foy Amour Poniatowsky
Rivière at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 31st March 1868.
I, LOUIS FOY AMOUR PONIATOWSKY RIVIÈRE, of Mark Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED VELOCIPEDE," to be as follows:-
An
This Invention has for its object an improved velocipede.
arrangement of velocipede which has long been well known consists
of a curved bar or beam resting by means of bearings upon the axles
of two wheels, and so constructed that an individual may seat himself
upon it as upon horseback, yet so that his feet touch the ground. The
rider propels the machine by pressing his feet slightly against the
ground, taking care to keep his balance at the same time.
according to my Invention the axle of the front wheel is fixed to and
rotates with the wheel itself, and passes through bearings formed in
the vertical steering fork of the vehicle, and each end of the axle is
provided with a crank having a balanced foot plate, so that the rider
may give motion to the machine through the cranked axle which
But

page_text: actuates the front wheel, instead of pressing his feet against the ground
as in the old arrangement.
In constructing a velocipede according to this Invention I prefer that
the seat or saddle should be supported by a spring, and that a cross
handle should be provided for actuating the vertical steering fork of the
front wheel, such cross handle being connected by a strap to one end
of a lever of the first order, having its fulcrum in the main beam of
the vehicle, and the lever being so arranged that by partially rotating
the cross handle upon its axis the front end of the lever is drawn up,
and its lower end simultaneously actuates a spring brake, which is
pressed against the periphery of the back wheel of the velocipede, thus
retarding its motion as desired. When not required to be used the, lever
is kept out of action by a spring provided for the purpose. The two
wheels must be in line with each other, and I prefer that the front
wheel should be somewhat larger in diameter than the back one.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1868.
I, WILLIAM BLAND, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a positive taking-up motion to be applied to
looms for weaving, for taking up the cloth in a regular and uniform
manner as it is woven, and thus preventing any slipping of the cloth on
the roller and consequently irregularities in the weaving.
The Invention consists principally of a fluted iron roller, round and
in contact with about three-quarters of the circumference of which the
cloth is caused to pass. This roller is driven with a positive and
constant motion by means of ratchets or otherwise in the ordinary way,
and has near one end a spur wheel gearing with a spur pinion on one
end of a smaller iron roller placed above but not in contact with the
fluted roller before named. The wheel and pinion are kept in gear by

page_text: weighted levers bearing on the journals of the smaller iron roller. The
cloth beam rests by its own weight upon the smaller iron roller and
revolves by friction of contact therewith, and hence a regular and
positive taking-up motion is imparted thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND DRESSING MILLSTONES AND OTHER STONES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Alfred Wright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th March 1868.
I, ROBERT ALFRED WRIGHT, of Homerton, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND
DRESSING MILLSTONES AND OTHER STONES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore millstones have usually been dressed by manual labour
or by a diamond or hard substance acting by repeated blows or shocks
on the millstone, or by a straight scraping or scratching action.
Whereas according to my Invention I employ a diamond or other
hard cutting stone or substance propelled or caused to travel over and
revolve upon the surface of the millstone in the following manner,
that is to say-The cutting or working part of the diamond or cutting
agent while it is forming a cut or crack, i.e., while it is performing
the dressing or cutting operation at any desired part of the stone is
kept continuously or uninterruptedly in contact with the surface of
the millstone, and at the same time the said diamond or cutting agent

page_text: is during its travel caused to revolve on its own axis, so that its cutting
end or part is the end or pole of its axis of rotation, and it thus acts
on the millstone with a sort of action of abrasion or attrition or con-
tinuous grinding action, instead of by straight scratching or blows or
chipping.
The same method may be applied in like manner for cutting and
dressing stones other than millstones.
One, two, or more diamonds or other hard cutting agents may be
used in the cutting instrument.
In dressing millstones and in some other cases the point of the
diamond or cutting agent should be exactly in a line with the axis of
rotation of its holder.
An apparatus may be used for carrying the mode into effect in which
the diamond or other cutting substance is mounted in a holder or frame
carrying gearing or driving contrivances whereby it is caused to revolve
on its own vertical or horizontal axis while being at the same time
provided with appliances whereby it is pushed or propelled over the
surface of the stone to form the furrows or cracks. Adjusting con-
trivances may be combined with the cutter to regulate its pressure on
the stone, and hence the depth of cut.
Columns or other round or curved bodies may be dressed or faced
while being turned in the lathe by fitting in the lathe a diamond or
other hard cutting agent operating as described, so as to dress or face
the round or curved surface while rotating in the lathe.
Instead of moving the diamond or cutter over the surface of the
stone to be dressed or cut (the latter being stationary) the said stone
may be caused to move, while the diamond or cutter has no motion
other than that of revolution on its own axis (while in contact with the
stone).
IMPROVEMENTS IN SETTING STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Smith and Jean Francois
Nicholas Biesman Simons at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th December 1868.-A
communication from abroad by Charles Nelson, residing at Troy,
United States of America.
We, ISAAC SMITH, of 4, Almorah Road, Down Road, Kingsland, in the
County of Middlesex, and JEAN FRANCOIS NICHOLAS BIESMAN SIMONS,
of 30, Great St. Helen's, in the City of London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SETTING STEAM BOILERS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in setting steam
boilers. In setting steam boilers it is usual for the flues under the
boiler to extend a short distance above the water line, and the upper
part of the boiler is either closely covered with brickwork or is covered
with sand, ashes, felt, or other material, or sometimes it is left exposed.
Now according to this Invention the boiler is completely encased
in brickwork or setting (with the exception of the top of the steam
dome and the man-hole cover). This brickwork or setting is not in
contact with the boiler, but an air space an inch or so wide is left.
This space is in communication with the flues so that the air in the

page_text: space becomes heated and there is no outlet from the casing, so that
the draft is prevented passing through it, otherwise the boiler would
become unduly heated over the water line. The casing thus forms
a warm air bath in which the boiler is contained. In this way not only
is the boiler protected from loss of heat by radiation but also it is not
exposed to the corrosion which results from building it in solid with
brickwork, or covering it with sand, ashes, or felt, and moreover the
brickwork or masonry is protected from the strains which result
from the expansion and contraction of the boiler when it is allowed
to cool independently of its brickwork or masonry setting.
A NEW MODE. OF IMPARTING ROTATORY MOTION TO MILLS EMPLOYED POR. GRINDING GRAIN;. COFFEE, AND OTHER BERRIES AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES OF. A SIMILAR CHARACTER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Spoor Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1868..
I, JOSEPH SPOOR WILSON; of Wade Strect, Poplar, in the County
of Middlesex,. do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW MODE. OF IMPARTING ROTATORY MOTION TO MILLS EMPLOYED POR.
GRINDING GRAIN;. COFFEE, AND OTHER BERRIES AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES OF.
A SIMILAR CHARACTER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting a grinding mill or mills to a cart:
or truck and connecting the running wheels thereof by means of toothed.
driving wheels and pinions to the grinding cylinder of the mill.. By these
means the cart or truck serves a double purpose, namely, carrying goods
to be delivered to customers. and at the same time grinding coffee or
other substance as the cart or truck is being drawn along. It is intended.
to adapt levers to the vehicles for throwing the toothed driving wheels
into and out of gear with the grinding mechanism, also to fit sliding.

page_text: drawers for the reception of the ground substance. A cart or truck fitted
as above described, and when not required to be used for the delivery of
goods, may be used for grinding by adapting a winch handle thereto to
be worked by hand as at present practised..
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATER HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Richard Havell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st January 1868.
I, CHARLES RICHARD HAVELL, of Reading, in the County of Berks,
Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATER HEATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the means of heating water
for baths and other purposes, and consists in submerging a heating stove
or apparatus in the water itself, instead of applying the heat externally
as usual. In order to effect this object I provide a closed metal box
of cylindrical or other form, which I place in the vessel containing the
water to be heated. The heat is obtained by means of a gas tube or
burner, which I prefer to coil in a spiral form in the heating chamber,
said gas tube passing out through an inclined spout fitted at the bottom
part of the chamber and projecting above the water level for supplying
air for combustion. The gas tube is connected to a suitable supply pipe,
and is further provided with perforations on its upper and lower sides
for the emission of jets of gas so as to obtain as great an amount of
heating surface as possible. The products of combustion pass out of

page_text: the chamber through a central chimney rising above the water, by
which access is also had for igniting the jets; or the air conduit may be
used for this purpose. Instead of using gas for heating the water I
may employ charcoal or other fuel for the purpose supplied through the
chimney or air duct.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS FURNACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Warren at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
February 1868.
I, THOMAS WARREN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS FURNACES," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the kind of glass furnace in which the glass
is melted in a tank built with air spaces round and beneath it, as
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Antoine
Pocheron, and dated 7th May 1866 (No. 1297), and the present Invention
consists in arranging in the cave beneath the tank a series of tubes or
flues for the passage of air, which is led thence to the inner ends or other
parts of the grates or fire chambers. These air tubes or flues are enclosed
in chambers which receive the waste gases by flues leading down to them
from outlets in the sides of the tank, whilst other flues lead the waste
gases up again to the cone above, with which arrangement the necessary
draught is maintained. The various flues or passages are furnished with
dampers whereby the action of the parts can be regulated. The intention

page_text: is that these improved arrangements shall be in operation whilst the
glass is being fused when a strong heat is required; and at such times
the ordinary working openings in the tank as well as in the side of the
cone will be closed, so that the fire gases must pass down to the cham-
bers below before having access to the cone. A considerable economy
of fuel is effected in consequence of the air taking up heat from the
waste gases.