IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN OR COOKING RANGES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Neilson, of the Firm of J. & W. Neilson and Company,
of Kinning Park, Glasgow, North Britain, Ironfounders, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN OR COOKING RANGES."
Scaled the 13th May 1879, and dated the 6th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Neilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1878.
JOHN NEILSON, of the Firm of J. and W. Neilson and Company, of Kinning
Park, Glasgow, North Britain, Ironfounders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN OR
COOKING RANGES."
This Invention has reference to certain improvements in the mode of constructing
many of the parts of close kitchen or cooking ranges and ovens, which will save
much labour and trouble in fitting them up, while making them quite as efficient
and durable as they have been as heretofore constructed.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention or improvements consist, first, in a.
new manner of constructing ovens or the oven parts of close cooking ranges, by
forming recessed parts in or on the inner sides of the front cheek of the range and
back plate of the oven of the same shape or form as the sheet iron or cast iron
plates forming the other sides and top and bottom of the oven, and wide and deep
enough to receive them, and a little putty or other good hardening inodorous cement
to form a tight joint; or deep jointing flanges only might be cast on these plates,
preferably entering and jointing into the inside of the sheet metal case of the oven,
as described, but with projections or snugs cast on the plates at intervals to hold
the case of the oven on the other or outside against the jointing flange. The front
and back plates are thus held tightly together by four or more small screw rods or
long bolts, two or so being passed through from the front to the back plates, pre-
ferably near the upper and lower corners, or two near the centre might do, with
countersunk or ornamental rounded heads in front, and screw nuts behind the back
Prins B17

page_text: "
ovens
plate, all so that this improved construction of oven may thus be put together
without rivets or screw pins as heretofore, and jointed tight in a few minutes, either
before leaving the works or at the warehouses, after transit or shipment, which
would allow the front and back plates, and sides and tops to be packed close in
boxes, so as to take up less room in shipment, and save all the boring and tapping
of the holes for the screw pins or of rivets, now used for so jointing the sides of
ovens to the front and back plates thereof. A further application of this improve-
ment consists in applying it to portable, or self-contained, or "self-setting
or cooking ranges, which are fitted with their back or side fire-clay blocks secured
in the sides of the fire-grate, and have another sheet metal case or jacket fitted all
round the oven, with flue space between them for heating the latter by conveying
the heated flames and gases from the fire round it to the oven; then, in this further
application, the said outer or flue sheet casing is secured in the same manner as the
inner oven casing by the flange and projections on the front and back plates thereof,
and by the said two or more equivalent long screw bolts passed across the whole
through the front and back plates, so as to dispense with all rivets or screw pins
and tapped holes in the plates and flanges of ovens. Another improvement consists
in dispensing with the actual labour of boring and tapping for the screw pins, with
countersunk or other heads in the snugs and plates or other parts of close ranges,
where these are still found necessary, as for screwing the top and side plates of the
range together, or of the front and back plates and other parts; through casting
these screw pins or screw taps with the same screw thread into the snug or flanges
where required by the use, and inserting over the snug or flange wherever a screw
pin is required, of "chills," "caums," or blocks of metal formed in one or two parts,
with a hole through it near the centre at the joint between the parts, the exact
length and shape of the conical or other headed screw pin desired to be inserted into
the snug or flange, or it might be a short steel screw tap with the same thread as
the screw to be inserted; all so that after the pattern of the plate is lifted or drawn
out of the sand or mould, the chills are then removed one by one, and the screw
pin or screw tap inserted in the chill after both are coated with "black wash," when
they are placed into the same recess in the mould from which they were removed.
The mould box is then closed, and the screw or tap cast into the part of the snug
or flange, where the chill holds it, after which, in dressing the casting, the chills are
easily removed, and the screws or taps left in the exact place where the screw hole
is required to suit the corresponding hole in the other plates or sides of the stove
to be secured by these screw pins to the snug or flange plates. A further improve-
ment connected therewith consists in forming the countersunk or other holes through
the said plates or sides of the range, to be secured by the said screw pins or long
screw bolts, and this is effected by forming little projections or other equivalent on
the pattern, which will make a mark in the mould when the pattern is removed
where the hole has to be formed through the plate or side of the range required to
be secured by the screws before mentioned, all so that small smooth turned metal
chills with stems and heads the depth or thickness of the plate, and the exact shape
of the heads and necks of the screw pins and bolts (or it might be the screw nuts
of these) pass through the plate for securing it, the stem of each chill being
inserted into the under part of the mould at each mark until the head rests on the
flat surface of the mould. The mould box is then closed, and the plate cast, as will
thus be seen, with a hole for every chill, to suit the head and neck of its fixing
screw pins (after the chills have all been knocked out in dressing for re-use), for
fixing and putting all the plates and parts of the range together, as before stated,
without the time and labour of boring, countersinking, or tapping holes for their
fixing screws.
Another improvement connected with the screwing of the plates of ranges or
their ovens and boilers together, consists in casting screw studs into and projecting
out from the parts to be secured, to enter countersunk holes in the other part, and
in forming and fitting conical screw nuts on them," with recesses at their edges," so
as to be screwed up on the outside faces by a usual two-pronged screw-driver, which

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enters the recess in the conical nuts to screw them up and tighten-up the whole,
after which both the projecting point of the screw and conical nut may be filed off
flush and neat on the outside, all as a substitute for the countersunk headed screw
pins usually employed and inserted from the outside.
"
Another improvement consists in casting the relief front parts of the doors all
flat, so as to be easily ground and polished by plain buff wheels, leaving the outline
grooves for giving the ornamental relief to the black or bright polished parts, all
sunk;
and further, in casting a recess in the oven doors of the same depth as and
shape of the "bango" or lever handle of the sneck of the oven, to allow it to work
freely and flush with the other outer polished part of the door, and not in a pro-
jecting rivetted-on staple or cast-on slotted guard, at the front edge of the door as
usual, which gives trouble in forming and fitting without any corresponding advan-
tage, the lever being sufficiently guided by its whole width in the new recess made
for it, either with or without a stud passed through a slot in the door plate behind
the lever. A further improvement consists in casting the carrying snugs of the
doors of the ovens and fireplaces of these close ranges on their front plates, with the
malleable iron joint or pivot pins in them, by the use of prints on the front of the
pattern large enough to form a recess in the mould for the insertion therein of iron
caums or "chills" in one or two parts, formed to receive and hold the pivots in
the same manner as described in reference to the screw "chills" for holding the
screws in the mould; or otherwise, in boring and turning a pin on the chill to form
a smooth pivoting joint hole for the pivot of the door hinge to work on, either
casting the malleable iron pivots into the snugs on the front plate, as stated, or in
the joint hinge parts of the doors themselves while held in the chills. These chills
or shaping pieces would be easily knocked off the castings in the dressing, as before
stated, and thus serve for use over and over again as portable or removable parts of
the patterns and moulds, and the corresponding bearing hinged parts of the doors
would be formed and cast in the same manner as the snugs on the front plates on
which they work, so as to be all ready for "shipping" or mounting on to their
pivoting snugs with little or no filing or fitting. These shaping "chills also form
or shape the sides of the hinge snug bearings in the mould, so as to make the new
cast on hinge pieces as strong and neat or ornamental as the malleable iron ones
which have heretofore been screwed or rivetted on to the front plates and doors.
A further improvement consists in forming or casting, by the use of prints and
chills," as before described, on the inside of the front or back plates of close
ranges and their transverse plates, as those forming the sides of the fire-grate,
usually extending from top to bottom of the range, tapered, recessed, and projecting
snugs in duplicate for shipping into each other above and below, and securing them
tightly together without the use of bolts. Another improvement consists in forming
the edges or angles of the plates of close ranges, which have to be jointed together
by chills inserted into recesses formed for them in the moulds by prints on the
patterns, all so that the parts of the plates when cast will fit closely to each other
without filing, or grinding, or other fitting, as has heretofore been required.
"
"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Neilson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th June
1879.
JOHN NEILSON, of the Firm of J. & W. Neilson and Company, of Kinning Park,
Glasgow, North Britain, Ironfounders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN OR COOKING
RANGES."
My said Invention has reference to certain improvements in the mode of con-
structing many of the parts of kitchen or cooking ranges and ovens which will save
much labour and trouble in fitting them up, while making them quite as efficient
and durable as they have been as heretofore constructed. And in order that the
nature, novelty, and mode of performing my said Invention may be properly under-
stood, I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings
which I have hereunto appended for that purpose, the same reference letters indi-
cating the same or like parts in all the Figures where shown. Figure 1 is a front
elevation, and Figures 2 and 3 are corresponding longitudinal and transverse vertical
sections taken on the lines 1 - - 1 and 2-2 on the horizontal section, Figure 4,
taken on the line 3 - - 3 in Figure 2; all of a new or improved construction of open fire
self-setting" cooking range A, B, C, that is, which can be set into its place without
requiring to be built-in by brickwork to get it or its oven put to work properly, all
constructed in accordance with and illustrative of the improvements of my said
Invention; and Figures 5 to 18 show various views of some of the new or improved
parts or details connected with these to illustrate the mode of performing and fitting
them. This cooking range A, B, C, has its fire grate B, Figures 1 to 4, formed by a
large fire-brick or block b secured in recesses formed by flanges 61, 61, projecting
from the inside faces of the two deep side cheek plates, B1, B", and of the top B.
These side cheeks B and B also carry the usual bottom and front grate bars bu
and 62; these cheeks reach from the bottom to the top of the range, and are secured
by the long screw bolt 63 behind the back plate b4 of the ash-pit cx below, and by
the cross rail or plate 6111 of the bars 62 in front, above and down the front edges to
the back face edges of the front plate A¹ of the oven A and the opposite side front
plate C, behind which the hot water heating vessel or boiler is in some cases fitted.
In this improved construction of range, shown in Figures 1 to 4, the body of the
oven A is formed of sheet-iron bent to form the two sides and bottom a, with a
thin cast-iron corrugated top a¹ jointed tight at the upper edges of the sides a; and
as the oven A is heated by the fire in the grate B, a part of its side B' is left open
into the side flue a", continued round the body of the oven A-by the outer sheet
metal case d, d, forming the closed-in flue a², as indicated by the arrows in Figure 2,
for heating it over the corrugated top a¹, and down the outer side and under the
bottom a, a, round the diverging or baffle plate d', out through the entrance to the
bottom of the uptake d to the chimney D', screwed to the top plate D of
the oven.
Part of the fire in the grate B being admitted into the fluc space a" of
the oven, this side of the oven is fitted with an extra protecting corrugated plate
a and a small grate a³ and duct. a' for letting up air to the fire at this part,
and letting down the ashes into the ashpit Cx below the grate b", which is sloped
down towards the flue grate a¹¹, a³, to assist the descent of the fire there-to, as seen
in Figure 2. The top plate D over the oven flue a¹¹, a², is secured by countersunk
screws to snugs on the top edges of the front and back plates A¹, A", and on
the side plates B1, B1, of the fire-place, and fitted with the usual "lifting off" cleaning.
lids or plates D, while a damper d² is fitted over the upper part of the flue a¹¹, to be
opened or closed by the liandle d³ in front, to allow of the flames and heat passing
round the flue a¹¹, a², to heat the oven or shut them off at pleasure. And referring
to these Figures 1 to 4, the nature of my said Invention and mode and means of
putting the same into effect or practice consist, first, as regards the improve-
inents connected with the construction of the main parts of the oven A, A¹ A¹¹, and

page_text: the fitting and securing of these together; in forming on the inner faces of the
front and back plates A¹ and A" of the oven a groove or recess by two flanges,
or preferably one flange f, and snugs f' at intervals, and of the same size
and outline, figure, or shape, as the body part A of the oven to receive the edges of
its plates a, a, a, with sufficient room for asbestos, putty, or other equivalent good
inodorous hardening cement as to form a tight joint, and preferably with the
jointing flange f of this groove cast on the plates A' and A", so as to enter the
inside of the body part A, a, a, a', of the oven, as seen in Figure 2, and with the
simple projecting snugs f' cast on the plates A¹, A", outside to hold the thin
plates a, a, a', of the case A, close up against the jointing putty and flange f on
the other or inside. The front and back plates A', A", thus jointed are securely
held or screwed together by two (or it might be three, four, or more) long small
screw rods or bolts A, A, preferably passed through from the front to the back
plates A and A" as one, or it might be two, screws on each side, as seen in Figures
1, 2, and 4, or near the upper and lower corners when two are used on each side;
in either case having their countersunk or ornamental rounded heads preferably
formed and fitted on the screws A in front A' and the screw nuts behind the
back plate A", all so that this improved construction of oven may thus be put
together (without rivets or screw pins, and bored or tapped flanges or snugs, as
heretofore practiced) and jointed tight in a few minutes, either before leaving the
works or at the warehouses, after transit or shipment, which would allow the front
and back plates A¹, A", and sides B¹, B, and tops D to be packed close in boxes,
so as to take up less room in shipment; and also save all the time and labour of
boring or tapping the holes for the ordinary securing screw pins, bolts, or rivets
heretofore used for jointing the body parts A of ovens to their front and back side
plates A, A This improved manner of fitting and securing the body parts A of
ovens to their front and back plates A, A, as so far described, answers for all the
ovens of ranges (or even separate ovens), with the flues formed round their outer
surface of built in brick work, whether heated by a special fire grate below or not.
But when the range and oven are made of the portable "self-setting" construction,
as shown in this case, with the said heating flues a¹¹, a², formed round the oven of
sheet-iron d (or thin plates of cast-iron), then these are secured and jointed in an
equivalent manner to that described for the body of the oven A, a, a, a', by the
new flange f" and snugs f³, with putty between them, and screwed up tight by
the same screw bolts A, A, as before described. The flanges f" for jointing
the case of the flue are preferably formed on the outside, but these flanges
f and f might be formed on either side of their cases a, a, a', and d, d, with the
snugs and f on the other side. Thus dispensing with the rivets or screw pins,
and the boring or tapping of holes for these in the securing of ovens or their outer
flue plates or cases d, d, as well as their body case A, a, a, a¹, herein before
described. Another improvement consists in casting the relief ornamental front
parts e of the oven doors E (hinged to the front plates A¹) all flat, so as to be easily
ground and polished by plain buff wheels, leaving outline grooves el sunk all round
these to give the ornamental relief to the bright polished parts; the grooves are
left black, while the other body parts may be black varnished over the ground
surface. A further improvement consists in casting a recess e² in the front of the
oven doors E of the same depth and shape as the "banjo" or hand lever E² for
catching on the sneck E" of the oven, and wide enough to allow it to work freely
and flush with the other outer polished parts e of the door E, and not within a
projecting rivetted-on staple, or cast-on slotted guard at the front edge of the door, as
is usual, which gives much greater labour and trouble in forming and fitting this with-
out any corresponding advantage. The lever E2 is sufficiently guided on its joint by
its whole inner surface in the new recess e² made for it, preferably with a screw stud e
cast on it near the front free end passed through a slot in the door plate behind the
lever with a screw nut inside, as seen in Figures 1 and 4. A further improvement
consists in casting the snugs I with their malleable iron pivot stems in them (for
carrying the doors E of the ovens or their fire places when these have doors in the

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cooking ranges) on their front plates, as A¹, as seen in Figures 1 and 4, all by the im-
proved means, shown in Figures 5 to 10, while moulding them. A loose print piece J is
fitted with pins ; on the front of the pattern plate, as A', in the two proper positions
to form the hinge snug I, and of the same shape and large enough, shown in Figure 5,
to form a recess in the mould for the insertion therein of the iron "caums or
chills J¹, shown in one form in side elevation and plan in Figures 6 and 7, and in
corresponding section and under end view in Figures 8 and 9, and in back view in
Figure 10, and formed preferably in one piece with a hole longitudinally through it
to receive and hold the pivots i, with its lower roughened end projecting down in
the hollow I at the lower end of the chill J¹ of the same shape as, and which forms
the snugs I when cast. These chills J with the joint pivot i in them is inserted
into the recess formed for them by the "prints" J before the mould is closed, the
internal hollow part J" of the chill being filled up with sand and smoothed over to
prevent adhesion to the plate A' while casting. The chills J¹ are easily knocked off
the snugs I endways after being cast and the plates removed from the mould; or
otherwise journal holes might be cast in the snugs I by forming or fitting a turned
pin on the lower end of the chill J', and which could be driven out of the snugs
after it was cast along with the chill J₁; in this case the pivot pins i might be cast
in the lower joint parts 1" of the doors E with chill 'caums," substantially as
described in reference to Figures 5 to 10. These chill" caums "Jare knocked off
the snugs I, cast in them while dressing the plates, and thus serve for use over
and over again, the same as the removable parts or "prints" J are of the patterns
and moulds, while the corresponding bearing hinged parts I of the doors E would
be formed and cast in the same manner, with the holes in them formed with chill
"caums," ; as tho snugs I, herein before described, are on the front plates A¹, and on
which they work, so as to be all ready for "shipping" or mounting on to their
pivotting snugs I, i, with little or no filing or fitting, these shaping chills also
form or shape the sides of the hinge snug I bearings in the mould so as to make the
new cast-on hinge pieces as strong and neat or ornamental as the malleable iron
ones which have heretofore been screwed or rivetted on the front plates and doors,
and as seen particularly at I' in Figures 8 and 9. Another improvement consists
in dispensing with and saving all the labour of boring and tapping the holes k in
the plates, flanges, or snugs, such as those k¹ for screwing the upper plate D to the
side plates A, B, and C, or the chimney D¹ to the upper plates D of cooking ranges to
suit the screw pins K" either with countersunk or projecting heads, as seen par-
ticularly in Figures 2 and 4, all by the new or improved means-shown and described
in reference to Figures 11 to 16, that is, by casting the screw pins " in the snugs
or metal plate K¹, as seen in Figures 12 to 14 (or it might be corresponding sized
screw taps with the same thread as the pins), where required by fitting a loose
print K, as seen in Figure 11, over the snug or flange part where the screw hole k
is required to be formed of the same size and shape as the chill "caums or blocks K¹,
preferably made in two parts, as shown in Figures 12 and 13, having a recess K³
within the caums the same size as the snug k¹ or flange is desired to be, and a
hole through them at their centre joint between the two parts for the insertion of
the screw pink, all so as to be dropped into the recess in the mould formed for it
by the print K when this and the pattern B are removed from the mould, all so
that after the pattern plate with its print K is lifted or drawn out of the sand mould
or the chills K' when these are used instead of prints, then the screw pin kell (or
screw tap) are inserted in each chill K' after both are coated with "blackwash,"
when they are then placed into the recesses left for them in the mould. The mould
box is then closed and the screw or tap cast into the part of the snug or flange
where the chill holds it, after which, in dressing the casting, the chills K¹ are easily
removed, as also the screws or taps, which are thus formed and left in the exact
place where the screw hole is required, to suit the corresponding hole in the other
plates or sides of the stove to be secured by their screw pins k¹ to these snugs kl
or flange plates. A further improvement connected therewith consists, as indicated
in side and face views in Figures 15 and 16, in forming the countersunk or other
<
"
"

page_text: holes through the said plates or sides of the range, as L, Figure 16, to fit the
countersunk heads of the said screw pins kl or long screw bolts A, b³, and this is
effected by forming little projections on, or other equivalent, as countersunk
holes, in the pattern L', shown in dotted lines in Figure 15, which will receive
or make a mark in the mould where the countersunk hole has to be formed
through the plate L or sides of the range required to be secured by these screws;
by the insertion of small smooth turned metal chills with stems and conical
heads, the depth or thickness of the plate and the exact shape of the heads and
necks of the screw pins and bolts A (or it might be corresponding countersunk
or conical screw nuts for these), pass through the plate for securing it, these
chills being inserted and retained in the sand of the under or upper part of the
mould by their stems, with the flat shoulder of the head resting on the flat
surface of the mould. The mould box is then closed and the plate cast, as will thus
be seen, with a hole for every chill inserted, to suit the head and neck of its fixing
screw pins (after which the chills are knocked off the plate in dressing for their
re-use), for fixing and putting all the plates and parts of the range together, as
before stated, without the time and labour of boring, countersinking, or tapping
holes for their fixing screws. Another improvement connected with the screwing
of the plates of cooking ranges, or their ovens, or water boilers together, consists in
casting short screw studs g, with conical or countersunk screw nuts g² on them,
into and projecting out from the snugs, flanges k', or the parts of the plates of
cooking ranges to be secured together, to enter corresponding countersunk holes in
the other part D, formed as hereinbefore described by conical chills 111, 12, and the
conical nuts g' with recesses at their outer face edges so as to be screwed up on the
outside faces by a usual two-pronged screw-driver, which enters these recesses in
the conical nuts to screw them up and tighten the whole, after which both the
projecting point of the screw and conical nut may be filed off flush and neat on the
outside, shown in section and face view in Figures 17 and 18, all as and for use as
a substitute for or instead of the ordinary countersunk headed screw pins kl
usually employed for securing the tops D or other plates of cooking ranges from the
outside. A further improvement consists in forming or casting by the use of
"prints" and "chill caums," as before described, on the inside of the front or back
plates A and C of cooking ranges, and their transverse plates B and B as forming
the sides of the fire grate, usually extending from top to bottom of the range,
tapered, recessed, and correspondingly fitting projecting snugs, in duplicate for
"shipping" into each other above and below, or near the top and bottom of these
plates respectively, and securing them tightly together without the use of bolts.
Another improvement consists in forming the edges or angles of the plates of close
ranges which have to be jointed together by chills inserted into recesses formed for
them in the moulds by prints on the patterns, all so that the parts of the plates
when cast will fit closely to each other without filing, or grinding, or other fitting,
substantially as and by the equivalent means herein before described. My said
improvements herein described are also applicable to all the usual forms of cooking
ranges, with close fires, or with hot water boilers, ranged either at the opposito
sides to the oven, or at the back of the fire, which may be covered in with loose
removable plates, and be lined on the sides with fire clay blocks, although not so
shown in the example illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, which has an open fire without
water boiler; and these improvements are also applicable to separate, portable, or
built flue ovens when made in separate parts, with front and back plates secured to
the central body parts.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner of performing or putting the same into effect or practice, I
would observe that what I consider novel and original and therefore claim as
the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent
is,-
First. The general construction of cooking ranges with the parts of the ovens and
their doors formed, and these and the main side plates and top secured together in

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the new or improved manner, all substantially as herein described in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Second. The jointing and securing together the body parts of the ovens and their
flue cases to their front and back plates A¹, A", by flanged recesses or flanges and
snugs f, f, ff, and long screw bolts passed through from the front plates to the
back plates of cooking ranges, all substantially as and for the advantages herein
described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings or any mere
modification thereof.
Third. The construction of the oven or other doors of cooking ranges flush out-
side with sunk catch lever, all substantially as and for the advantages herein
described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere
modification thereof.
Fourth. The forming and casting of the hinge, snugs, and pivot joints of oven or
other doors of cooking ranges on the front plates, in the new or improved manner,
with chill or
caum blocks, all substantially as herein described in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
دو
"
Fifth. The forming and casting the screwed holes and countersunk holes in the
webs, flanges, or snugs of the plates, or other parts of cooking ranges, by chills or
caums with screws or screw taps, all substantially as and for the advantages
herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any
mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Neilson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
Witness,
JOHN THOMSON,
96, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
JNº. NEILSON. (L.S.)