IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Enoch Hird, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Doubler, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Hird at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1880.
ENOCH HIRD, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Doubler,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
My improvements consist in combinations of well-known parts of spindles used
in throstle spinning and doubling frames, wherein the twisting of yarn is performed
by ordinary flyers on the spindles or their equivalents, such as rings and travellers
in ring frames, with a stationary bolster rail with fast and loose tubes projecting
to the top of the spindle, which I effect as follows:-
I employ two stationary rails a few inches apart, the lower one being fitted with
footsteps which I use as the footstep rail for the spindles to run in, the upper
stationary rail being used as a bolster rail, in which I fix a long metal bolster
extending to the flyer on the top of the spindle, the top of this bolster being fitted
in the inside with a bush of suitable material to support the top end of spindle
which goes through it from the footstep rail underneath. By this method the
spindle has a bearing at each end, the whole of the spindle blade being encased by
the stationary bolster. The long stationary bolster can be made with an extra bearing
for the spindle at the bottom, the space between the bearings clearing the centre
spindle and serves as a receptable or reservoir for oil. On the spindle between the
two stationary rails I fix a wharve or pulley for driving the same by bands or
other equivalents from tin cylinders or equivalent means. On the top of the
spindle just above the long stationary bolster I fix an ordinary flyer, which is
driven by the spindle.
In another mode I dispense with the top stationary or bolster rail, in which case I
fix on the footstep rail my long stationary tube, the bottom part being bridged
over the wharve or pulley on the spindle, so as to allow the same to be driven by
the driving bands or equivalents in the ordinary way, the other parts of the
spindle and stationary bolster being as before described.

page_text: The objects obtained by this long stationary bolster are increased speed and
perfect steadiness, the regulating drag being performed as follows:-
I place the travelling or lifting rail above the top stationary rail which carries
the bobbins, giving the up and down motion in the ordinary way. The bobbins sit
on the travelling rail or on the raised outer edge of a circular flange about the
diameter of the bottom of the bobbin, and revolves round and slides up and down
the long stationary bolster, the bobbins being bushed with bushes of sufficient
width to give the requisite friction required for the drag according to the counts
being spun. It is not necessary for the bobbins to be bushed; they can be made
with a straight hole through, the friction being regulated by the amount of
clearance on the stationary tube or bolster.
Another method I adopt to effect the drag more effectively in connection with
the travelling rail and circular flange fixed in same, I place round the outside of
the stationary bolster near the top and bottom raised bearing surfaces or metallic
rings or washers slightly larger than the external diameter of the stationary bolster
fixed in grooves provided for them, over which I place loosely a long metallic tube
or collar the full length, the inside only coming in contact with the bearing
surfaces, rings, or washers at the ends. The bobbins I place on this tube or collar,
round which they rotate and slide up and down, the tube revolving with the
bobbins, thus giving the necessary drag. This tube or collar is quite free from the
spindle and passes through the circular flange in the lifting rail.
Another way is by fixing in the travelling rail a bobbin stand about the length
of the bobbin, provided top and bottom with raised bearing surfaces, either flat or
round, or grooved and fitted with loose metallic washers slightly larger than the
external diameter of the bobbin stand, which fits the inside of the bobbin, round
which the bobbin revolves quite free from the spindle and stationary bolster, the
bobbin sitting on the lifting rail or on a circular flange placed just above the level
of the lifting rail at the bottom of the bobbin stand, the wearing surfaces on
this bobbin stand varying according to the drag required for the counts of yarn
being spun or doubled.
When I use my improved combinations of spindle and long stationary bolster in
connection with ring frames I dispense with the flyer, the spindle being made
with a slot across the top, the bobbin or spool being provided with a pin to fit in
the slot in the top of spindle; therefore when the bobbin is dropped over the long
stationary tube, the pin in the bobbin drops in the slot in the spindle and is driven
thereby. The bobbin sits on a braid which revolves with the bobbin on the collar
of the stationary tube or bolster. The braid can be provided with pegs or raised
projections fitting into the slots in the bottom of the bobbins or spools.
My stationary and loose tubes and my stationary bobbin stand can be applied to
any ordinary spinning or doubling frame, which will give a greater speed and
self-regulating drag, consequently an increase in the production and a better class
of yarn.
The great features in my improved combinations are the stationary bolster and
bobbin stand. The stationary bolster is fully the length of the spindle blade or
double the length of the lift of the bobbin, and remains a constant bearer to the
spindle top, therefore is quite unlike other bolsters that travel up and down with
the lifting rail, which cannot possibly be more than the length of the bobbin, and
being quite an irregular bearer to the spindle, owing to the moving position with
the lifting or bolster rail, and takes considerably more power to drive them. The
spindle blade is entirely encased in the long stationary bolster, and therefore cannot
wear flat, which is a well-known detriment caused by moving bolsters. The bobbin
stand is entirely and independently fixed in the travelling rail, being quite free
from either bolster or spindle, and acts solely for the purpose of carrying the bobbin
and giving the necessary drag, and does not in any case act as a bolster or bearer
to the spindle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Enoch Hird in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
February 1881.
ENOCH HIRD, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Doubler.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
My improvements relate to combinations and arrangements consisting of
well-known parts used in throstle spinning and doubling frames, wherein the
twisting of yarn or thread is performed by ordinary flyers on the top of the
spindles or their equivalents, such as rings and travellers used in ring frames, with
a stationary bolster rail or equivalent means provided with fixed elongated tubes
projecting to the flyers on top of the spindles in flyer machines, and the slot or
square for driving the bobbin on top of the spindles for ring frames, to secure the
same more firmly, whereby the speed can be greatly increased without increasing
the vibration and unsteadiness, thereby producing a greater quantity of yarn than
hitherto, and fast and loose tubes with raised bearing surfaces, and loose rings and
washers of various forms and shapes, for the bobbins to revolve on to effect the
drag according to the counts of yarn being spun or doubled.
In machines wherein is used the ordinary flyers, I employ two stationary rails a
few inches apart, fixed below the ordinary travelling rail which gives the up and
down motion to the bobbins; the lower stationary rail I use as the foostep rail,
which is fitted with footsteps for the spindles to run in. In the upper stationary
rail I fix an elongated tube or collar made in the manner herein after described of
suitable metallic materials, (preferably steel) which stands in a vertical position
extending to the flyer on the top of the spindle, the interior having a larger bore
than what the diameter of the spindle is which passes through it, except at the
upper end which is bushed with brass or other metallic material and fits the
spindle, or can be left of thicker metal at the top so as to form its own bearing for
the spindle and retain it in its vertical position. It therefore follows that when
my said improvements are used the collar or upper bearing for the spindle is
situated at the upper end of the elongated tube, which extends through and
within the long hollow loose tube with the bobbin moving up and down on it and
revolving with it, or through the inside of the fixed bobbin stand in lifting rail,
which is used for the bobbin to revolve on, instead of the bolster only reaching to the
top of the bobbin, or wholly below the base of the wooden bobbin, as is usually the casc.
When my improvements are used the upper bearing is raised higher towards the
top of the spindle than usual, consequently the spindle is more securely retained
in its true position, being less liable than usual to lateral vibration, providing a
constant bearing surface for the spindle top, thereby the liability of the spindles to
wear flat, as is the case with moving bolsters, is obviated.
It will be seen that when my improvements are used a less length of spindle is
required, consequently less weight of moving parts above the collar or upper
bearing than usual; this enables the whole length of the spindle to be considerably
lessened without impairing the steadiness of its motion, because there is sufficient
weight below the upper bearing to overcome the weight and stress above that
bearing, such as is found by experience to preserve a spindle steady and without
lateral vibration when it is driven at a great speed. The spindle being shorter
may be made considerably lighter than usual. The spindle held in bearings at
each end, the centre part of the spindle usually termed the blade being entirely
encased by the stationary elongated tube or collar in the top stationary rail.
Sometimes I provide the elongated tube or collar with a bearing at the bottom

page_text: of brass or other metallic material to fit the blade of the spindle; the space between
the two bearings which clears the spindles serves as a receptacle for oil.
It will also be seen that for the purpose of more effectively regulating the drag
upon the bobbins, in connection with the travelling rail and raised circular level
flange on same, I provide the elongated tube or collar with raised bearing surfaces
or grooves fitted with metallic rings or washers fixed near to, or at the top and
bottom, slightly larger than the external diameter of the same. Over these I
place a long hollow tube descending from the top of the elongated tube or collar
to a bearing at the bottom, and passing through the raised level flange on the
lifting or travelling rail, and revolving with the bobbin on the raised bearing
surfaces, or rings and washers. The bobbin is placed over it and slides up and down
the same with the action of the travelling rail.
In another of my improved modifications I adopt an improved method of
regulating the drag. I dispense with the raised bearing surfaces, rings, and
washers on the elongated tube or collar, also the long hollow tube for the bobbins
to revolve with and slide up and down on as before mentioned. I use what I term a
stationary bobbin stand, I mean by stationary that it does not revolve, as in the case
of the long hollow tube, but is a fixed support for the bobbin in the travelling rail,
but travels up and down with the same as required for the bobbins. This stationary
bobbin stand is about the length of the bobbin, provided with bearing surfaces or
rings and washers slightly larger than its external diameter, near to or at the top
and bottom, of various forms and shape to suit the amount of drag required. The
bobbins are placed over the stands and fit and revolve on the bearing surfaces or
rings and washers, thus being quite free from either spindle or elongated tube or
collar. The bobbins rest on a raised circular level flange on the lifting rail, or on
the raised circular level flange at the bottom of bobbin stand just above the level
of the travelling or lifting rail, or on the travelling rail itself without the raised
circular level flange.
On the spindles between the two stationary rails or the bridge fixing on footstep
rail, herein after referred to, and used for supporting the elongated tube or collar,
I fix the wharves or pulleys which is driven by bands from tin cylinders. The
flyer is fixed or screwed on the top of the spindle just above the top bearing in the
elongated tube or collar.
I sometimes dispense with the top stationary rail and support the elongated
tube or collar with a metallic bridge fixing from the footstep rail, extending over
the wharve or pulley on the spindle for driving the same.
In some cases I employ an improved modification wherein I use instead of the
ordinary flyers well-known equivalents, being the rings and travellers used in
ring frames; in such cases I sometimes employ two stationary rails, one to serve
as the footstep rail, the other for supporting the clongated tubes or collars used, as
before mentioned, for the spindles; at other times I dispense with the top stationary
rail for supporting the elongated tubes or collars, and fix on the bottom of the
said elongated tubes or collars the metallic bridge fixings, above referred to,
which descend over the wharves or pullies on the spindles to the bottom stationary
or footstep rail to which they are fixed, being placed below the travelling rail
which carries the rings and travellers. The top of the spindle is provided with a
slot for the pin in the top of the bobbin or spool to drop in, or it can be made
square, in which case the hole in the bobbin or spool head will have to correspond
therewith so as to be driven with the spindle from the wharve or pulley in the
ordinary way. The bobbin or spool sits and revolves on a braid and flange or
disc placed round the bottom of the elongated tube or collar, being supported by
the flange on the bottom of same on the top stationary rail or on the bridge fixed
on the footstep rail.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
operation I will proceed to describe the accompanying Drawings, reference being
made to the Figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of one of my improved combinations of spindle

page_text: and the elongated tube or collar with a bearing for supporting the top end of the
spindle close to the flyer, and the hollow loose tube as herein after described. A is
the bottom stationary rail, or what I term the footstep rail, provided with the
footstep C for the spindle D to run in; B is the second stationary rail for supporting
the metallic elongated tube or collar E, which extends from the stationary rail B
through the long metallic hollow loose tube T and the bobbin L which is over it,
and the travelling rail M, which supports and gives the up and down motion to the
bobbins, to the underside of flyer K on top of spindle D. The metallic elongated tube
or collar E is screwed or fixed into the rail B, and secured by the nut E' underside,
or can be secured in various ways by equivalent means. The inside diameter of tho
metallic elongated tube or collar E is slightly larger than the diameter of the
spindle D which passes through it. To form a bearing for the spindle D, the top
end of the elongated tube or collar is bushed with brass or other suitable metal
at F, or can be left of thicker metal, so as to form its own bearing without being
bushed as shewn at Fig. 1, B. The flyer K is screwed or fixed on the top of the
spindle, which is driven with the spindle D by the wharve or pulley H by bands
from the ordinary tin cylinders. On the metallic elongated tube or collar I place
near the top and the bottom raised bearing surfaces S, or loose metallic rings or
washers working in grooves as in Fig. 2, over which I place the metallic (preferably
steel) hollow tube T, descending from the top of the metallic elongated tube or
collar E to the flange E' at the bottom on the stationary rail B. The inside of the
metallic hollow tube T fits exactly on the raised bearing surfaces S, or loose
metallic rings and washers; the object of these surfaces is to minimise the friction.
The bobbin L rests or sits on the lifting rail M, and receives its up and down
motion in the ordinary way, the bobbin being left to rotate with the action of the
yarn or thread from the flyer. The bobbin L is placed over the metallic hollow
tube T, round which and with it it revolves, the drag being formed by the bearing
surface of the bottom flange of the bobbin L on the travelling rail M and the
friction of the hollow loose tube T on the bearing surfaces or metallic rings and
washers S on the elongated tube or collar E. The bobbin L fits loosely on the
hollow loose tube T. The inside of the elongated tube or collar E being slightly
Jarger than the diameter of the spindle D, the cavity (r) can be utilised as a
reservoir for oil, by simply fixing the metallic bush G in the bottom end of the said
elongated tube or collar E, or by making the spindle larger to fit the bottom end of
elongated tube or collar E at W', as shown in Fig. 1, A.
The elongated tubes or collars E can be made of any suitable metal, but I prefer
making them of steel tubing, as I find this answers best, both as regards economy
and durability. The bottom end or socket which is fixed in the stationary rail B
or bridge fixing N in Figs. 18 and 19, can be made of similar metal or any other if
desired, in which case the tube is either screwed in, or pressed or driven in tightly,
or can pass through and be fastened on the underside with a nut marked Es in Fig. 2,
or other equivalents, or can be made solid as shewn in Fig. 1 of the Drawings.
To prevent the long hollow loose tube T from lifting or coming off with the
bobbins when doffing is being performed, I provide the washer (p) with a projecting
flange at the top or near to it, a little less in diameter than the outside diameter of
the long hollow loose tube T, so that when the bobbin is lifted and the long hollow
loose tube T is carried up with it, it will come in contact with the projecting flange on
the washer (p), and thereby be stopped, and allow the bobbin to be taken off by
itself, leaving the hollow loose tube in position for when the next bobbin is put on.
Fig. 2 is another sectional elevation of my improved combinations similar to
Fig. 1, only that the elongated tube E has no bush at the bottom, therefore the
cavity (7) between its inner diameter and the diameter of the spindle will not
serve as a receptacle for oil.
This Figure shews another method of drag I employ. The travelling rail M is
provided with the raised level circular flange V, on the edge of which the bottom
of the bobbin L sits and revolves, with the hollow tube T, with the action of the
yarn or thread from the flyer K. To reduce the friction of the hollow tube T, the

page_text: clongated tube or collar E is provided at the top and bottom, or near to, with
grooves, in which are placed the metallic rings or washers O, which revolve with
the hollow loose tube T, thereby the drag with the revolving rings and the bobbin
running on the edge of the raised circular level flange V will be reduced. The
metallic rings or washers O are not spring rings, and work quite free in the grooves
prepared for them. The bobbin L is shewn to be bushed with suitable material top
and bottom to further reduce the friction if necessary.
Fig. 3 is another method I have of effecting the drag in connection with my
improved combinations. The outer edge of the raised circular flange V is turned or
bevelled off to the form of the bottom of the bobbin, thus giving increased wearing
surface, consequently a heavier drag. The raised circular flange V is shewn to be
cast with the travelling rail M, but can be made loose if preferred. The bobbin L
fits loosely on the hollow tube T, and revolves with it, as in Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 4 is another method I have of effecting the drag in connection with my
improved combinations. I place on the travelling rail M. the raised circular flange V.
The raised outer edge can either be bevelled or turned off to the form of the bobbin
bottom, or made with a straight edge, as shewn in Fig. 2. The raised circular
flange V is cast separate from the lifting rail M, and can be secured to the same in
various ways.
Fig. 5 is another method I have of effecting the drag in connection with my
improved combinations. The travelling rail M is provided with the raised circular
flange or projection V on which the bobbin sits, the width of the bearing surface
being regulated according to the amount of drag required for the particular counts
being spun or doubled. Ordinary drag or washer cloth can be employed between
the raised circular flange or projection V on the lifting or travelling rail M and the
bottom of the bobbin L.
Fig. 6 is another method I have of effecting the drag in connection with my
improved combinations, the travelling rail M being perfectly flat on the top side
which supports the bobbins, the amount of friction required for the drag being
regulated by the bearing surface of the projecting flange Z under the bottom flange
of the bobbin L, or with ordinary drag or washer cloths placed between the
travelling rail M and projecting flange Z, as in Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged section shewing some of the kinds of bearing surfaces fixed
on the elongated tube or collar E. The bearing surface (a) is perfectly flat, which is
used for heavy drag; (b) is a curved bearing surface, allowing only a small amount
of surface for the hollow loose tube T to work against, hence a lighter drag.
Figs. 8 and 9 are enlarged sections shewing some of the kinds of bearing surfaces
I use; these are loose washers or rings, and are marked (c), (d), (e), and (f); they
revolve in grooves provided for them in the top and bottom ends, or near to, of the
elongated tube or collar E.
The grooves for the rings or washers at top end of elongated tube E and bobbin
stand P, are formed as follows:-For a sufficient distance the diameter of the steel
tube or other metallic materials from which they are made, is reduced in its
external diameter, over which is placed the rings or washers of various forms, as
marked (c), (d), (e), and (f), the inside of which are bored slightly larger than the
reduced part of the tube on which they revolve, thereby are enabled to work
quite freely. After the rings or washers are placed on the reduced part of the tube
in position, the washers (1) are screwed, shrunk, or pressed on tightly above them,
serving as a collar for them to work or revolve against, at the same time keeping
them in position and preventing them from coming off. The flange (u) at top of
washer (p) is to prevent the hollow loose tube T from being drawn off with the
bobbin when doffing is being performed, as described in Fig. 1. In forming the
groove for the bottom rings or washers, the tube is turned down or reduced in its
external diameter from its extreme bottom end to a sufficient distance above the
circular flange E², to allow of sufficient width for the rings and washers O in
Figs. 2, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 17, therefore no washers are required to be shrunk on to
keep the loose rings or washers in their place. The bottom loose rings or washers

page_text: are placed in position before the tube is fastened in the socket at the bottom, into
which it is either screwed or pressed tightly, or driven in or passed through and
fastened with the nut E³, as shewn in Figs. 2 and 12. Although I describe various
forms of these rings or washers and raised bearing surfaces, and shew the same in
the Drawings, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself, as other
forms may be applied to suit the various requirements of the machines to which
my improved combinations may be applied.
Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation of one of my improved combinations of spindle
with the elongated tube or collar and bobbin stand for supporting the bobbin. A is
the bottom stationary rail with the footstep C for supporting the spindle D; B is
the second stationary rail for supporting the elongated tube or collar E, which
extends from the stationary rail B through the bobbin stand P which supports the
bobbin L to the underside of the flyer K on the top of the spindle D. The elongated
tube E is held and supported by the stationary rail B, into which it is screwed. The
elongated tube or collar E is slightly larger than the diameter of the spindle D
which passes through it, and to form a bearing for the spindle D the top end is
reduced to the size of the spindle, or can be bushed with brass or other suitable
metal, as shewn at F. The flyer K is screwed on the top of the spindle, which is
driven with it by the wharve or pulley H from the tin cylinders by bands in the
ordinary way, as in Fig. 1. In the travelling rail M I fix the stationary bobbin
stand P, about the length of the bobbin above the travelling rail M, provided near
the top and bottom, or other suitable positions, with the bearing surfaces O or rings
or washers of various forms, as before described in Figs. 2, 7, 8, and 9, or as herein
after described in Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18, slightly than the external
diameter of the bobbin stand P, which fits the inside of the bobbin L, and round
which the bobbin L revolves quite free from the spindle D and elongated tube or
collar E. The bobbin L sits and revolves on the edge of the circular flange E²,
placed at the bottom of the stationary bobbin stand P, just above the level of the
travelling rail M. The width of the bearing surfaces 0 or rings and washers on the
bobbin stand P vary according to the amount of drag required for the various
counts of yarn to be spun or doubled.
Fig. 11 is a front elevation of my improved combination as shewn in Fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is another method I have of effecting the drag in connection with my
improved combinations of spindle, elongated tube or collar, and bobbin stand. The
bobbin stand P is provided at the top and bottom with grooves which are formed as
described in Figs. 8 and 9, in which is placed metallic rings or washers O for the
bobbin L to revolve on. The bobbin L sits and revolves on the lifting rail, thereby
giving an increased drag, the bottom of the bobbin being dished to clear the
circular level flange E' at the bottom of the stationary bobbin stand P. In this
case the bobbin stand P is secured to the travelling rail M by the nut E¹ under-
neath, the other parts of the combination being similar.to Fig. 10. (2) is the loose
washer shrunk on top of bobbin stand P after the ring O is placed in position.
Fig. 13 is another method I have of effecting the drag in connection with my
improved combinations as in Fig. 10. The bobbin L is shewn to be sitting and
revolving on the bevelled edge of the raised circular level flange E² on the bottom
of the bobbin stand P, which gives more friction surface, hence a heavier drag.
Fig. 14 is another method I have of effecting a very light drag in connection
with my improved combinations as in Fig. 10, which is necessary when fine counts
are being spun or doubled. The rings or washers O on the bobbin stand P are
similar to those before nained with the exception of the bottom ring or washer, which
is provided with the circular revolving braid and flange or disc O¹, on which the
bobbin L sits and revolves with it.
Fig. 15 is another method I have of effecting a heavy drag in connection with
my improved combinations, as in Fig. 10, for coarse counts. The bobbin stand P is
provided at the top and bottom with fixed bearing surfaces for the bobbin L to
revolve round, at the same time sitting and revolving on the bottom circular level
flange E² of the bobbin stand.

page_text: Fig. 16 is an outside view of bobbin stand P, with rings or washers O, and
circular revolving braid and flange or disc 0¹, as shewn in Fig. 14.
Fig. 17 is an outside view of bobbin stand P in Fig. 13.
Fig. 18 is a part sectional elevation of another of my improved combinations of
spindle, elongated tube or collar, hollow tube and bobbin stand, with a novel
method of supporting the elongated tube or collar E and spindle D with only one
stationary rail. A is the bottom stationary rail or footstep rail fitted with the
footstep C for supporting the spindle D, as previously explained. In this arrange-
ment I dispense with the second or top stationary rail, and fix on the footstep
rail A. the bridge fixing N, into which the elongated tube or collar E is fixed in
any convenient way, as described in Fig. 1, or if preferred they can be made
together of suitable materials, the wharve or pulley H on the spindle D being
placed between, so as to allow of its being driven in the usual way.
Fig. 19 is a front elevation of Fig. 18.
Fig. 20 is a sectional elevation of my improved combination of spindle and
elongated tube or collar as applied to a ring frame, the rings and travellers
substituting the flyers. The spindle D is provided with the slot (g) across the top,
the bobbin or spool L being fitted with the pin (h) which fits into the slot (g),
therefore when the bobbin or spool L is placed over the elongated tube E, the pin
(h) in the bobbin or spool L drops into the slot (g) in the spindle D, or the slot (g)
and pin (h) can be dispensed with by making that portion of the spindle above the
clongated tube or collar or a portion of it square, as in Fig. 20, A, the hole in top
flange of bobbin or spool being made square also to fit the square of spindle, and
be driven thereby with the spindle by the wharve or pulley H by the bands from
the tin cylinders.
The elongated tube is fixed in and is supported by the stationary rail B, as before
described. I sometimes dispense with the second stationary rail B in using this
combination of spindle and elongated tube or collar in connection with ring frames,
the rings and travellers substituting the flyers. In such cases I employ the bridge
fixing N, as shewn in Figs. 18 and 19, for supporting the elongated tube or collar E,
and which is fixed on the top of bottom stationary or footstep rail A. The bobbin
or spool L sits on the flange or disc on the braid (c) which revolves round the
bottom of the elongated tube or collar E, and is supported by the flange E² in
which is a recess for cil, the braid running in it. The braid is made to project into
the bottom of the bobbin or spool L to give lateral stability to the same while
running, the top part of the bobbin or spool L being made to fit the end of spindle,
whether round or square, at W; M is the travelling rail upon which is placed the
rings X, upon which works or revolves the travellers Y, through which the yarn or
thread passes to the bobbin or spool L on the spindle D. The travelling rail M
receives its up and down motion in the ordinary way.
Fig. 21 is a front elevation of Fig. 20.
Fig. 22 is another method I have of effecting the drag in connection with my
combinations, as shewn in Fig. 1 of the Drawings. The bobbin L sits and revolves
on the stationary flange or disc 03 which is screwed or fastened in the lifting
rail M, being quite free and clear from the elongated tube or collar E and hollow
tube T. The bobbin L bears against the hollow loose tube Tat the top, as shewn
and marked R.
Fig. 23 is another method I have of effecting the drag in connection with my
combinations, as shewn in Fig. 1 of the Drawings. In the travelling rail M is
formed the recess S2, in which the braid or revolving flange or disc 05 is placed,
working quite free and clear of the elongated tube or collar, hollow tube and spindle,
and on which the bobbin L sits and revolves, the upper part of the braid extending
into the bobbin bottom to give lateral support. In this case I dispense with the
stationary bobbin stand P. The bobbin bears against the the hollow loose tube T,
as in Fig. 22.
Fig. 24 is another method I have of effecting the drag in connection with my
combinations of spindle, elongated tube or collar, and bobbin stand, as in Fig. 10 of

page_text: the Drawings. In the travelling rail M I fix my stationary bobbin stand P, without
raised bearing surfaces, and rings or washers, round which the bobbin L revolves.
At the bottom of the bobbin stand P I place the revolving braid and circular flange
or disc 0 to support the bobbin L, and upon which, and with it, it revolves, the
bobbin being supported laterally at the top of the bobbin stand at R. The bobbin
stand P placed over the elongated tube E, and is fixed to the lifting rail M. by
the screw. T, and does not bear against the elongated tube or collar E.
It is obvious that various modifications of the above may be made, and so long
as the elongated tube or collar with the top bearing for supporting the spindle with
the bobbin stand or hollow loose tube and the bearing surfaces, rings or washers,
and the modes of effecting the drag on the bobbin as shewn on the Drawings is
maintained, the parts may be changed and equivalent parts be substituted in various
ways to suit the requirements of the different machines to which my improvements
may be applied.
It will be seen that many advantages will accrue from my improved combinations
and arrangements, such as:-
Increased speed of spindles without lateral vibration and unsteadiness, thereby
enabling a greater quantity of yarn to be spun or doubled in proportion to the
increase of speed, requiring less power to turn, the spindle being considerably less
and lighter than those in ordinary use.
The stationary elongated tube or collar is fully the length of the spindle blade or
double the lift of the bobbin, remaining a constant bearer to the top of the spindle,
therefore is quite unlike other bolsters that travel up and down with the lifting
rail, which cannot possibly be more than the length of the bobbin, being quite an
irregular bearer to the spindle, owing to the moving position of the lifting or
bolster rail.
In my improved combinations and arrangements, the spindle blade is entirely
encased in the elongated stationary tube or collar, therefore it is impossible for the
spindle to wear flat, which is a well known detriment caused by moving bolsters.
My stationary bobbin stand is entirely and independently fixed in the travelling
rail, and is quite free from either the elongated tube, hollow tube, or spindle, acting
solely for the purpose of carrying the bobbin and giving the necessary drag with
the raised bearing surfaces, rings, or washers, independently of the spindle or its
supports, and does not in any case act as a bolster or bearer to the spindle.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the mode of
performing the same, I wish to remark that I do not intend to limit myself to the
exact details given, as in some cases the same may be varied according to the
peculiar construction of the various machines to which it may be applicable, but
that what I claim and desire to be secured to me by the herein before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
1st. The respective combinations of parts forming respectively my improved
modifications of apparatus, wherein is used the elongated tube fixed in a stationary
rail, with the various modes of effecting the drag, the whole being respectively
constructed and operating substantially in the manner described, and as shown in
the Drawings respectively on Sheet 1, in Figures 1 to 6, enlarged parts or modifi-
cations being shewn in accompanying Figures.
2nd. The modification constructed with my improvements wherein the bobbin stand
and drag arrangement fixed on the travelling rail, operating substantially in the
manner described, and as shewn on the Drawings on Sheet 2, in Figures 10 and 11,
various inodes of effecting the drag, which are not separately claimed, being shown
on the same Sheet and also on Sheet 5. I also claim the modifications constructed
as described and shewn on Sheet 3, in Figs. 18 and 19.
3rd. The modifications of my improved apparatus wherein I use spindle,
elongated tube, braid and disc for supporting the bobbin or spool, for spinning and
doubling machinery, known as ring frames, wherein the twisting of yarn is
performed by travellers on the rings as substitutes for the flyers, substantially in

page_text: the manner described, and as shewn in the annexed Drawings on Sheet 4, in
Figures 20 and 21.
In witness whereof, I, the said Enoch Hird, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of February, in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Signed and sealed by the
said Enoch Hird in the
presence of
EDMUND CHADWICK,
(Agent to the Patentee,)
30, Arrowsmith Terrace,
Freehold,
Bolton.
ENOCH HIKD. (L.S.)