IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR BLAST FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES AND FORGES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Henry Lloyd, of Wednesbury, in the
County of Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
59
Sealed the 19th March 1875, and dated the 6th November 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Henry Lloyd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th November 1874.
I, FRANOIS HENRY LLOYD, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR BLAST FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES AND
FORGES," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
tuyeres for blast and other furnaces and forges, by which improvements
the liability to explosion which is the cause of frequent accidents in
tuyeres of the ordinary kind is entirely obviated, and an efficient,
economical, and safe tuyere produced.
•
-

page_text: In constructing a tuyere according to my Invention I construct a
conical tube of iron, the said tube having hollow walls as in tuyeres of
the ordinary construction. I dispense however with the closing ring at
*the outer end or base of the tuyere, but retain the closing ring at the front
or nose end of the tuyere. I also dispense with the tube by which in
the ordinary tuyere water is introduced into and conducted from the
tuyere. Into the hollow or cavity in the hollow walls of the tuyere I
introduce and fix a spiral tube, the figure of the said spiral tube being
such that its convolutions when the said spiral is fixed in its place are
situated midway between the sides of the hollow walls of the tuyere.
This spiral is furnished with a series of small holes or perforations
both on the inner and outer sides of the convolutions, and the end
convolution has also perforations in its end face. A stream of water
under pressure being sent through the coil a great number of small jets
or a spray of water is projected on every part of the inside of the tuyere,
and its overheating effectually prevented.
Instead of a spiral tube a frame or system of tubes of a figure proper
to fit the interior of the tuyere may be employed, and instead of the
small holes or perforations described a series of slits may be employed.
To prevent inconvenience should the coil or frame of tubes become
choked, the said coil or frame may be made in duplicate, the convolutions
or tubes of one coil or frame alternating with those of the other. There
being thus two independent supplies of water the choking of one coil or
frame of tubes will be unattended by inconvenience. As the base of the
tuyere is open the nose or fore end can always be inspected and its
condition ascertained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Francis Henry Lloyd in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS 3
HENRY LLOYD, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty- 3

page_text: eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Francis Henry Lloyd, Her special
license that I, the said Francis Henry Lloyd, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Francis Henry
¡ Lloyd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR BLAST FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES AND
FORGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Francis
Henry Lloyd, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Henry Lloyd, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
tuyeres for blast and other furnaces and forges, by which improvements
the liability to explosion which is the cause of frequent accidents in
tuyeres of the ordinary kind is entirely obviated, and an efficient,
economical, and safe tuyere produced.
In constructing a tuyere according to my Invention I construct a
conical tube of iron, the said tube having hollow walls as in tuyeres of
the ordinary construction. I dispense however with the closing ring at
the outer end or base of the tuyere, but retain the closing ring at the
front or nose end of the tuyere. I also dispense with the tube by which
in the ordinary tuyere water is introduced into and conducted from the
tuyere. Into the hollow or annular space enclosed between the walls of
the tuyere I introduce and fix a spiral tube, the figure of the said spiral
tube being such that its convolutions when the said spiral is fixed in its
place are situated midway between the concentric walls of the tuyere,

page_text: This spiral is furnished with a series of small holes or perforations both
on the inner and outer sides of the convolutions, and the end convolution
has also perforations in its end face. A stream of water under pressure
being sent through the coil a great number of small jets or a spray of
water is projected on every part of the inside of the tuyere, and its
overheating effectually prevented.
Instead of a spiral tube a frame or system of tubes of a figure proper
to fit the interior of the tuyere may be employed, and instead of the
small holes or perforations described a series of slits may be employed.
There
To prevent inconvenience should the coil or frame of tubes become
choked, the said coil or frame may be made in duplicate, the convolutions
or tubes of one coil or frame alternating with those of the other.
being thus two independent supplies of water the choking of one coil or
frame of tubes will be unattended by inconvenience. As the base of the
tuyere is open the nose or fore end can always be inspected and its
condition ascertained.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to
describe, with reference to the aaccompaning Drawings, the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal section a blast furnace tuyere
constructed according to my Invention. The said tuyere consists of two
concentric conical tubes a, b, the inner tube b conveying the blast. The
tubes a, b, are connected together at the fore end or nose by a closing
ring c, which may be either made of the same piece of metal as the outer
tube a and welded to the end of the inner tube b, or the closing ring may
be made of a separate piece of metal, and connected to the tubes a and b
respectively by rivetting or otherwise. The tubes a, b, are open at their
base or outer end as represented. The pipe d by which the water under
pressure is supplied for keeping the tuyere cool, occupies the annular
space between the tubes a and b, that portion of the pipe d which is
within the tuyere being bent into the figure of a coil or helix as
represented, the said coil or helix surrounding the inner or blast pipe b.
The several convolutions of the helical pipe are marked d³, and the helix
or coil terminates in the pipe e, which is closed by a stop-cock or screw
cap. By opening the stop-cock or removing the screw cap any sediment
in the coil may be blown out. The several convolutions of the water
pipe are provided on their outer and inner sides with a series of small

page_text: holes or jets. The end convolution, that is the one nearest the closing
ring c, is perforated with a large number of the said small holes or jets
on its front end or face, but has also holes or jets in its outer and inner
sides. From the holes described small jets or streams or a spray of
water are or is thrown on the tube a, and on the tube b, and on the
closing ring c. From the greater number and the arrangement of the
holes or jets in the end convolution, the said end convolution delivers
more water than either of the others, and directs it principally on the
closing ring c.
I prefer to make more jets on the upper or outer sides of the top
portions of the coils than on the inner or under sides of the said top
portions of the coils, and I prefer to make more jets on the upper sides
of the lower portions of the coils than on the under sides of the said
lower portions of the coils. By this arrangement water is thrown
upwards upon those parts of the tuyere which the water can only reach
by being projected thereon, while the surfaces on which the water is
received when it falls from the surfaces on which it has been projected
receive less water direct from the coils. In this way every part of the
tuyere is kept cool, and the heated waste water escapes by the pipe f.
The steam produced escapes at the open back of the tuyere.
Instead of circular holes the convolutions &² of the water pipe may be
provided with slits at intervals for supplying the water to the interior of
the tuyere.
From an examination of Figure 1 it will be seen that the coil or
system of pipes d, d, e, may be readily withdrawn from and introduced
into the tuyere. It will be further seen that the interior of the tuyere
can at all times be readily examined from the open end or base of the
tuyere.
Instead of making the water pipe of the figure of a continuous coil or
helix, it may be bent into a zig-zag figure as illustrated in Figures 2
and 3; Figure 2 representing in elevation the tuyere together with the
pipe conveying the blast, and Figure 3 representing the tuyere in longi-
tudinal section without the blast pipe.
By an examination of Figure 3 it will be seen that in this modification
the water pipe o passing along the lower part of the tuyere ascends on
one side the inner tube b, and passing over it at g³ descends on the other
side of the said tube b, rising on the same side of the tube b it crosses

page_text: the said tube b at g³ and again descends, but is bent so as to ascend on
the same side of the tube. Crossing the top of the tube bat gʻ it
descends and passing under the tube 6 again ascends and terminates in
the return pipe h, which is closed by a screw cap or stop-cock. The
water pipe bent as described is provided with holes or slits as described
with reference to the tuyere, Figure 1.
Although I have represented the forms of coil or bent water tube
which I prefer, I do not limit myself to these particular figures, as the
said water tube may be bent into other figures more or less resembling a
coil or the zig-zag arrangements, Figures 2 and 3, with like effect. The:
convolutions or bendings may also be varied in number and distance
apart.
Instead of a coil or the zig-zag arrangement of the water tube, Figures
2 and 3, a system of pipes of the kind illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 may
be employed; Figure 4 being a side elevation partly in section, and an
end elevation of a tuyere having the said system of pipes, and Figure 5 a
horizontal section of the same. In this modification of my Invention
a series of straight perforated pipes i is arranged in the manner
represented in the annular space between the outer and inner tubes a, b.
These pipes i are connected together at the nose end of the tuyere by a
hollow ring k, their rear ends being closed. The ring and pipes i are
supplied with water by the pipe 2. The said pipes are provided with
small holes or slits on their outer and inner sides, so as to deliver jets or
sprays of water in the direction of radii on the outer and inner tubes
a, b, of the tuyere, and the hollow ring k is provided on its face with
holes or slits so as to deliver jets or sprays of water on the closing ring c
of the tuyere. The principal supply of water or spray is from the holes
or slits in the ring k.
The last described modification may be varied in the manner
illustrated in Figure 6, which represents in longitudinal section a tuyere
constructed according to this modification. Instead of the system of
separate pipes i, i, and ring k, Figures 4 and 5, a hollow flattened ring m
may be used, the said hollow flattened ring m being provided on its
upper and lower surfaces and on its front face or end with small holes or
alito which throw water both on the outer and innon tuhoo
2 and
G

page_text: In every form of my Invention the water from the jets collets on the
bottom of the outer pipe of the tuyere and passes away at the open rear
end of the tuyere.
The whole of the tuyeres constructed according to my Invention may
be made of wrought iron, copper, brass, or gun metal, or the said tubes
may be made principally of wrought iron, and provided with a nose piece
of copper or gun metal. Or when the tuyere is made of iron the nose
end may be coated or covered with a coating or covering of copper or
gun metal. Or a coating of copper or other metal may be applied to the
tuyere or its nose end by the process of electro-deposition. The object
of the said copper or gun metal in each case is to prevent the attach-
ment of scoria to the tuyere.
In order to prevent the choking of the water pipes or the holes or slits
therein by sediment or impurity in the water I prefer to insert at any
convenient place in the supply pipe a filter or strainer by which solid
particles may be arrested. The filter or strainer consists of a chamber
in the course of the supply pipe containing sponge or other filtering
material, and does not interfere with the pressure at which the water is
delivered.
An alarm may be connected with the tuyere for indicating when the
tuyere becomes overheated by any deficiency in the water supply.
Tuyeres constructed according to my Invention are not attended in
case of accident with danger of explosion or with the inconveniences
arising from leakage of water into the furnace.
My Invention is specially applicable to the tuyeres of furnaces used in
smelting iron and commonly called blast furnaces, but it is also
applicable to the tuyeres of other furnaces where a blast is used, such
for example, as the tuyeres used in a refinery as well as to smiths' forges
or fires.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as
the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention; but I claim as my Invention of improvements in tuyeres for
blast furnaces and other furnaces and forges, constructing the said
tuyeres open at their base or rear end, and inserting or introducing
between the outer and inner tubes of the said open tuyeres a coil or bent

page_text: pipe provided with small holes or slits, through which water under
pressure is delivered in the form of small jets or streams or spray on the
outer and inner tubes, and also on the nose or closing ring of the tuyere,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2,
and 3 of the accompanying Drawings, or instead of the said coil or bent 5
pipe, using a system or combination of pipes of the kind described with
reference to Figures 4 and 5, or the modification described with respect
to Figure 6, all substantially as and for the purposes described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Henry Lloyd, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of April, in the 1
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
FRANCIS HENRY LLOYD. (L.S.)
Witness,
JOSEPH FELLOWS,
•
⚫ Cashier,
Falling Heath,
Wednesbury.