Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Cold by Means of Volatile Liquids.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Apr., 1896
Comolete Specification Left, 6th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 13th Feb., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Cold by Means of
Volatile Liquids.
:
I, MAURICE DOUANE of 23 Avenue Parmentier, Paris, France, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in various parts of apparatus for producing
cold by means of volatile liquids.
In most of such machines the liquefaction of the vapour of the volatile liquid is
obtained by compression and cooling, the subsequent evaporation thereof within
closed refrigerating receptacles being made to produce cold for freezing liquids or for
other purposes.
My present improvements relate on the one hand to the pumps employed
for compressing the volatile fluid, and on the other hand to the refrigerating
apparatus.
It is to be understood however that the improvements relating to the refrigerating
apparatus may also be employed with that class of apparatus which do not work
with a compressing pump.
1. COMPRESSING PUMPS.
In refrigerating apparatus working with a compression pump it is essential that
such pump shall be absolutely free from leakage; the present improvements have
for their object to obtain this result under the most favourable conditions. One of
the improvements relates to a construction of double stuffing box for insuring the
fluid-tight passage of the piston rod or of the driving shaft, as the case may be.
In the case of a vertically arranged double acting compressing pump, I form on the
underside of the pump cylinder cover a chamber through which the piston rod
passes, and which is partly filled with liquid which forms a hydraulic joint for
preventing the escape round the piston rod of the volatile refrigerating fluid and at
the same time serves to lubricate the piston rod.
The
The stuffing box which extends down through and beyond the chamber has two
packing glands, one within the said chamber, which insures the fluid tight closure
between the interior of the pump cylinder under the piston and such chamber.
said packing gland is situated entirely above the level of the liquid contained in
the said chamber, so that should there by any chance be any leakage through the
packing, producing a suction action from the chamber towards the lower part of
the cylinder, it will not be liquid from the chamber, but vapour of the volatile
fluid that will be drawn into the cylinder. This is an essential characteristic of my
improved construction.
The second packing gland of the stuffing box is below and external to the said
chamber and serves to insure the fluid-tight closure of the chamber against the
outer air. This packing is sufficiently far removed from the inner packing for.
enabling the liquid in the chamber to have free access to the surface of the
piston rod between the two, so as to insure its proper lubrication. The two:
packing glands can be tightened either simultaneously or separately; in the former
case a sliding-sleeve is fitted on the piston rod between the packings, so that when
the lower packing is tightened up from the outside, the pressure is transferred
through the sleeve to the upper packing so as to tighten this. also. If the upper.

page_text: packing is to be tightened independently of the lower one; it is provided with any
ordinary gland device to which access is either gained through openings in the
chamber, or it is tightened up by means of screw gear worked by a spindle passing
through to the outside of the chamber.
The said chamber is so arranged as to be always subject to the low pressure of
the suction of the compression pump so that the liquid always has a very slight
tendency to pass through the outer packing. For this purpose the upper part of
the chamber is made to communicate through a pipe provided with a cock with
the suction passage of the compressor. By closing the cock, the extent of leakage
of the refrigerating liquid from the chamber into the cylinder through the inner
packing. can be ascertained, this being shewn by the rising of a pressure gauge.
The liquid in the chamber which serves to form the hydraulic joint and to
lubricate the piston rod can be introduced into the chamber by means of a small
force pump, a level gauge. being provided on the chamber for indicating the height
of the liquid.
For preventing all loss of liquid, any leakage from the chamber may be
conducted into the tank from which the before inentioned force pump takes its
supply. The piston rod of the pump is for this purpose provided with a cup into
which the leakage from the chamber drips, from which cup a pipe leads down
to a fixed cup, from which -second pipe leads to the said tank of the force
pump.
In applying my improved stuffing box to a single acting compressing: pump,
worked by a horizontal driving shaft, the crank of the shaft works in a closed
chamber enclosing the lower open end of the compressing pump and the shaft
passes through the said double stuffing box arranged horizontally on the side of the
closed casing. The construction of the stuffing box is generally the same as above
described, with the exception that the chamber containing the lubricating liquid
such as glycerine is formed as a cylinder, fixed on the top of the stuffing box and
communicating by an opening with the space in the stuffing box between the two
packings.
The chamber is provided with: as gauge glass for indicating the level of the
liquidy and a pressure gauge.. Its upper end is connected to the closed casing of
the pump. by means of a pipe. From a point somewhat below the level of the
liquid.in the chamber, a pipe leads through the closed-casing to the bearing of the
bearing cf. the shaft situated within the closed casing, so as to lubricate this:
The said pipes are provided with cocks for closing the communication between
the chamber and the: closed casing, in order to ascertain; by: the rising of the
pressure: gauge, the extent of leakage of the inner stuffing box packing.
The liquid that enters the closed casing either by leakage through the stuffing-box
or for lubricating the bearing, collects in the bottom of the casing, whence it is
drawn by a force pump which forces it back into the chamber. A sinall-scoop-pipe
connected to the crank pin dips into the liquid collected in the bottom of the casing
andrinstaking up a portion of the liquid at each revolution of the crank effects the
lubrication of the connecting rod-head.
Anguard plate fixed in. the casing above the crank prevents the liquid. carried
by.the pipe: from being thrown in an upward direction.
2. REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.
For the purpose of obtaining a large extent of refrigerating surface, the
refrigerating vessel in which the volatile liquid is volatilised can be made of annular
form, being constructed of two concentric tubes connected together at the ends, so
as to form between them an enclosed. annular space provided with an opening for
the entrance of the volatile-liquid-and. a-second one for the escape of the vapour.
The two tubes may be soldered or brazed together, the inner one being--provided
with projecting-wings or ribs which serve the double purpose of strengthening the
tube against pressure, and of affording increased radiating surface.
5

page_text: The annular vessel can also be formed as a casting, the outer surfaces of which
may or may not be formed with ribs or wings. The refrigerating vessel can also
consist of a number of horizontal superposed tubes communicating with each other
by vertical branches: which project from the top of one tube a certain distance through
the bottom of the next higher tube, so that on the volatile liquid being introduced
into the top tube it will flow downwards from one tube to the other while leaving
a certain amount in each tube,' the vapour produced being drawn off through a
branch pipe from the bottom tube. Other arrangements may be adopted which have
the same feature of forming a number of separate pools of the volatile. liquid, affording
increased surface for evaporation, and for refrigeration.
For obtaining ice directly upon the surfaces of the refrigerating vessel without
the use of brine, I employ a vertical tubular refrigerating vessel having at its upper
end a cock for the introduction of the volatile liquid which enters through a small
tube that directs the liquid against the inner surface of the vessel, so as to flow
down in a thin film over the same, and hecome entirely evaporated before reaching
the closed bottom.
The volatile liquid passes into the vessel through a pipe coil contained in a tank
fitted on the top of the refrigerating vessel. A second pipe leads off the vapour
produced in the latter.
The vessel being immersed in a tank of water, which may be agitated by suitable
known means, the water will freeze on to the refrigerated surface of the vessel, the
thickness of the layer of ice depending upon the time the action is allowed to
continue.
For detaching the ice, the evaporating action is stopped by closing the cock on
the supply pipe of volatile liquid, and warm water is introduced into the tank
containing the pipe coil, so as to warm the volatile liquid contained in the latter, and
on opening the communication between the coil and the interior of the refrigerating
vessel the warm liquid is thrown against the inner surface of the vessel which is thus
warmed sufficiently to detach the coating of ice.
Dated this 20th 1
1900
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Cold by Means of
Volatile Liquids
I, MAURICE DOUANE, of 23 Avenue Parmentier, Paris, France, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in various parts of apparatus for producing
cold by means of volatile liquids.
In most of such machines the liquefaction of the vapour of the volatile liquid is
obtained by compression and cooling, the subsequent evaporation thereof within
closed refrigerating receptacles being made to produce cold for freezing liquids or
for other purposes.
My present improvements relate on the one hand to the pumps employed for
compressing the volatile fluid, and on the other hand to the refrigerating apparatus.
It is to be understood however that the improvements relating to the refrigerating
apparatus may also be employed with that class of apparatus which do not work
with a compressing pump.

page_text: 1. COMPRESSING I UAIPS..
In refrigerating apparatus working with a compression pump it is essential that
such pump shall be absolutely free from leakage; the present improvements have for
their object to obtain this result under the most favourable condition.
One of the improvements relates to a construction of double stuffing box for
insuring the fluid-tight passage of the piston rod or of the driving shaft, as the
case may be. In the case of a vertically arranged double acting compressing pump
as shewn in section in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings I form on the under-
side of the pump cylinder cover a chamber A through which the piston rod passes,
and which is partly filled with liquid which forms a hydraulic joint for preventing
the escape round the piston rod of the volatile refrigerating fluid and at the same
time serves to lubricate the piston rod.
The stuffing box which extends down through and beyond the chamber has two
packing glands, one B within the said chamber, which insures the fluid tight closure
between the interior of the pump cylinder under the piston and the chamber A.
The gland B is situated entirely above the level of the liquid contained in the
chamber A so that should there, by any chance, be any leakage through the packing
of B producing a suction action from the chamber towards the lower part of the
cylinder it will not be liquid from the chamber, but vapour of the volatile fluid that
will be drawn into the cylinder. This is an essential characteristic of my improved
construction.
The second packing gland B' of the double stuffing box is below and external to
the chamber A and serves to insure the fluid-tight closure of the chamber against the
outer air. This packing B' is sufficiently far removed from the inner packing B to
permit the liquid in the chamber to have free access to the surface of the piston rod
between the two, so as to ensure its proper lubrication. The two packing glands can
be tightened either simultaneously or separately; in the former case a sliding sleeve C
is fitted on the piston rod between the packings, so that when the lower packing is
tightened up from outside, the pressure is transferred through the sleeve to the upper
packing so as to tighten it also. If the upper packing is to be tightened independently
of the lower one, it is provided with any ordinary gland device to which access is
either gained through openings in the chamber A or it is tightened up by means of
screw gear worked by a spindle passing to the outside of the chamber.
The chamber A is so arranged as to be always subject to the low pressure of the
suction of the compression pump so that the liquid has always very little tendency to
pass through the outer packing B'. For this purpose the upper part of the chamber A
is made to communicate through a pipe I provided with a cock H with the suction
passage of the compressor. By closing the cock H the extent of leakage of the
refrigerating liquid from the chamber A into the cylinder through the inner packing B
can be ascertained, this being shewn by the rising of a pressure gauge J. The
liquid in the chamber which serves to form the hydraulic joint and to lubricate the
piston rod can be introduced into the chamber A when required by means of
a small force pump F a gauge being provided on the chamber for indicating the
level of the liquid in it.
For preventing all loss of liquid, any leakage from the chamber may be conducted
into the tank N from which the pump F takes its supply. The piston rod of the
pump is for this purpose provided with a cup K into which the leakage from the
chamber drips, from which cup a pipe leads down to a fixed cup M from which a
second pipe leads to the supply tank N of the force pump.
In applying my improved stuffing box to the shaft of a single acting compressing
pump, worked by a horizontal driving shaft, as shewn in Figure 2, the crank of the
shaft works in a closed chamber O enclosing the lower open end of the compressing
pump and the shaft 13 passes through the said double stuffing box arranged
horizontally on the side of the closed casing. The construction of the stuffing box
is generally the same as above described, with the exception that the chamber

page_text: containing the lubricating liquid such as glycerine is formed as a cylinder A-fixed
on the top of the stuffing box-and communicating by an opening E-with-the-space-
in the stuffing box between the two packings B and B'.
The chamber A is provided with a gange glass G for indicating the level of the
liquid, and a pressure gauge J. Its upper end is connected by a pipe to the closed:
casing and also to the suction of the pump by a pipe I. From a point some--
what below the level of the liquid in the chamber A, a pipe 20 leads through the
closed casing to the bearing 13 of the bearing of the shaft situated within the
closed casing; so as to lubricate this. By cocks H H the communication between
the chamber A and the closed casing can be closed in order to ascertain, by the
rising of the pressure gauge, the extent of leakage of the inner stuffing box.
packing B.
The liquid that enters the closed casing either by leakage through the stuffing
box or for lubricating. the bearing, collects in the bottom of the casing, whence it
is drawn by a force pump F which forces it back into the chamber Ä. A small
scoop-pipe 24 attached to the crank pin dips into the liquid collected in the bottom.
of the casing and in taking up a portion of the liquid at each revolution of the
crank effects the lubrication of the connecting rod-head.
A guard plate 25 fixed in the casing above the crank prevents the liquid carried by
the pipe from being thrown in an upward direction.
2. REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.
For the purpose of obtaining a large extent of refrigerating surface, the refrigerating
vessel in which the volatile liquid is volatilised can be made of annular form, as shewn
in Figures 3 and 4, that shewn in Figure 3 being constructed of two concentric-
Lubes P and Q connected together at the ends, so as to form between them an
enclosed annular space R provided with an opening S for the entrance of the
volatile liquid and an opening T for the escape of the vapour. The two tubes PQ
may be soldered or brazed together, the inner one being provided with projecting
wings or ribs U which serve the double purpose of strengthening the tube against
pressure, and of affording increased radiating surface.
The annular vessel can also be formed as a casting, as shewn in Figure 4 the outer
surfaces of which may or may not be formed with ribs or wings V. The refrigerating
vessel can also as shewn in Figure 5 consist of a number of horizontal superposed
tubes 1 communicating with each other by vertical branches 2 which project from the
top of one tube a certain distance through the bottom of the next higher tube, so that
on the volatile liquid being introduced into the top tube by an opening 3 it will flow
downwards from one tube to the other leaving a certain amount in each tube. The
vapour produced is drawn off through a branch pipe 4 from the bottom tube. Other
arrangements may be adopted which have the same feature of forming a number of
separate pools of the volatile liquid, affording increased surface for evaporation, and
for refrigeration.
For obtaining ice directly upon the surfaces of the refrigerating vessel without the
use of brine, I employ a vertical tubular refrigerating vessel 5 shewn in Figure 6.
having at its upper end a cock 6 for the introduction of the volatile liquid which
enters through a small tube 7 that directs the liquid against the inner surface of the
vessel 5, so as to flow down in a thin film over the same, and become entirely
evaporated before reaching the closed bottom. The vapour issues by a pipe 8 at
the top.
The volatile liquid passes into the vessel through a pipe coil 9 contained in a tank 10.
fitted in the top of the refrigerating vessel.
The vessel being immersed in a tank 11 of water, which may be agitated by suitable
known means 12, the water freezes on to the refrigerated surface of the vessel 5 the
thickness of the layer of ice depen-ling upon the time the action is allowed to.
continue.
For detaching the ice, the evaporating action is stopped by closing the cock 6

page_text: supplying volatile liquid, and warm water is introduced into the tank 10 containing
the pipe coil 9, so as to warm the volatile liquid contained in the latter, and on opening
the cock 6 the warm liquid is thrown against the inner surface of the vessel 5, which
is thus warmed sufficiently to detach the coating of ice.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a pump for compressing vapour of volatile liquids a double stuffing box for
the piston rod, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. A compression pump having a double stuffing box, the lower packing of which
is covered with liquid, substantially as described with reference to Figure 1.
3. In a single acting compressing pump having its crank revolving in a closed
chamber a double stuffing box for the crank shaft substantially as described with
reference to Figure 2.
4. Providing the stuffing box referred to in Claim 2 with communications from its
chamber containing liquid to the suction of the pump and to gauges of level and
pressure, substantially as described.
5. Providing the chamber of the stuffing box, referred to in Claim 3, with gauges
of level and pressure, and with communications to the closed chamber and to the
suction of the pump, substantially as described.
6. A refrigerating vessel constructed substantially as described with reference to
Figures 3 and 4.
7. A refrigerating vessel constructed substantially as described with reference to
Figure 5.
8. A refrigerating apparatus for direct production of ice, substantially as described
with reference to Figure 6.
Dated this 6th day of January 1807
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.