Improvements in Material for Packing Joints.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 18th Sept., 1890_Accepted, 22nd Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Material for Packing Joints.
I, WILHELM HOLZER resident of Dechen near Saarbrücken, in the Province of the
Rhine, German Empire, Surveyor in the Dechen-Mine do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of forming the packing of a number of small spheres of some
hard material, generally lead-but they can also be of wood or iron or any other
hard material. These spheres are then cemented together by an elastic material such
as india rubber, gutta percha.
It is however not necessary that the hard particles of the packing should be of a
spherical form, they may be cubes or of irregular form; the gist of my invention
consists in cementing together particles of a hard nature lying closely together
by means of some elastic material and the invention is based on the following
principle:
It is a well known fact, that if a number of spherical particles are in a recepiicle
and pressure be exercised on the upper surface of the spherical particles, that
this pressure will not only be transmitted vertically downwards but in all direc-
tions. This is the same whether the particles be spherical, cubes or of irregular
form.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying
drawing, in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the several views.
Fig. 1 is a plan of a packing ring of my improved packing material.
Fig. 2 is a section of the same.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of a strip of the packing.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section through Fig. 3.
In the drawings the particles a a are of lead-that for instance-and the combining
material 66 is india rubber which on being combined with the shot, is then hardened
by the vulcanising process.
The packing is adapted for use in steam engines or pumps for liquids or gases, the
materials of which the same is composed may be varied to suit the gas or liquid
in question.
In order to make the packing more elastic, I combine therewith an india rubber
ring or in the case of strips a back part formed of an india rubber strip, this india
rubber part is attached to that part of the packing where no direct friction is..
When the packing gets somewhat worn out, it is only necessary to screw the gland
up a little when the same immediately becomes tight.
The great advantage of the packing is the fact, that it is very durable.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Material for Packing Joints.
I, WILHELM HOLZER of Dechen near Saarbrücken, in the Province of the Rhine,
Germany, Surveyor in the Dechen-Mine, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to materials for packing joints and to an apparatus for
fabricating such materials and pressing them in proper forms, and the object of iny

page_text: invention is to provide packings consisting of small spheres (or cubes or the like)
cemented together by any elastic material. The particles of spherical, cubical or any
other form are made of any hard material, for instance of iron, lead or wood, and it
is the main point of my invention to place said particles closely together, and to
cement them by means of some elastic material. My invention is based on the fact,
that if a number of spherical particles be in a receptacle and pressure be exerted upon
the surface of that number of particles, that this pressure will not only be transmitted
vertically downwards but in all directions. This is the same whether the particles be
spherical, or conical, or of any other shape.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the drawings left with Pro-
visional Specification in which :-
Fig. 1 is a plan of a packing-ring of my improved packing material,
Fig. 2 is a section of the same,
Fig. 3 is an elevation of a strip of the packing,
Fig. 4 is a vertical section through Fig. 3.
The particles a a (Figs. 1-4) are in this case of spherical form, and combined
by an elastic material, which on being combined with the particles is then
hardened by the vulcanising process in a rolled-up form equal to the form of the
stuffing-box, so that the stuffing-box is completely filled out in diameter by the
packing when brought in.
In order to make the packing more elastic, I combine therewith an india-rubber
ring attached to that part of the packing, where no direct friction is generated.
The packing is adapted for use in steam-engines or pumps for liquids and gases;
the materials of which the packing is composed may be varied according to the kind
of liquid or gas in question.
When the packing gets somewhat worn out, it is only necessary to screw the
gland a little up, when the same instantly will become tight.
It is of essential importance that the particles are placed so near one to the
other as to reduce the. space between them to a minimum, and it is equally
important that all those spaces are filled completely with the respective elastic
material. Further it is necessary to have the packings perfectly centrical and equal
in thickness in every part.
An apparatus performing all those duties with greatest accuracy, quickness and
conveniency is represented by Figs. 5 and 6 of the annexed sheet of drawing, in
which
and
Fig. 5 is an apparatus for cementing the particles together, and forming the packing,
Fig. 6 is a section through the same apparatus taken on the line A-B of Fig. 5.
The apparatus consists of two distinct parts, .i.e. the pressing-device proper and a
heating-device; the former is constructed as follows:
A frame F is by means of flanges and bolts attached to a wall, and provided
in its upper part F¹ with an inner worm of a screw, in which a hollow screw s
may be turned. To the under extremity of said hollow screws is attached a
strong metal pressing-plate f, also provided with a central hole.
Another strong
metal pressing-plate d is placed loosely on the upper rim of the under part F2 of
the frame and may be moved and turned by hand so as to give it a perfectly
horizontal position. A pivot i is secured to the surface of plate d, adapted to hold
a thin plate and a ring-like part 6 in central position, and a ring a may be put
now upon said plate c encircling the part and leaving an annular space between
itself and part b. The ring a is somewhat higher than part b, so that a sinall
space is left between 6 and when the plate fis pressed down, and a is moreover
provided with a number of grooves at its under rim. A piston r may be moved in
the cylinder formed by the hollow screws by means of a poise P, the latter
exerting a strong pressure on the connecting-rod K and thus on the piston.
The procedure is commenced by removing the weight from rods K' and K, and
by screwing the cylinder s upwards, the space between a and b is filled now com-
pletely with the particles and the cylinder is screwed down then so that plate f

page_text: lies closely to ring a leaving a small space between 6 and far After having taken
the piston out of the cylinder the latter is filled with the elastic material which
must be heated as much as to be in nearly liquid state. The piston is inserted
again and a powerful pressure exerted on it by hanging the poise P. upon rod K'
that pressure is transported to the elastic material which is, driven: through the
small space between 6 and f to the annular space containing the particles to he
cemented. The air is driven out of the space in the same degree as the elastic
material fills the space between the particles till finally thei whole annular, space
is filled, and the elastic material begins to leave it through the grooves, at the
under surface of ring a. At this moment the poise is taken off,, and the pressure
interrupted.
It is necessary to maintain the liquid or nearly liquid state of the elastic
material during the time of its being in the apparatus explained above, and it
follows thereof that said apparatus must be heated as much and as often as
necessary for attaining that end. For this purpose the second part of the
P
apparatus has been constructed and is constructed as follows:
The frame W consisting of one casting forms a vertical tube or cylinder W₁
enlarged in its upper part so as to form a stuffing-box W2. A plunger-piston p may
be moved up or down in said cylinder, in which it is held by an annular part and
by the packing of the stuffing-box in such a manner, that a small annular space is left
between the inner surface of the cylinder and the outer surface of the plunger, thus
allowing steam to enter the inner space of the plunger by a tube h provided with
valve Another valve v is attached to the upper extremity of the plunger, and
carries a vessel m firmly secured to said valve o, and communicating with it by an
aperture a² in the bottom.
After having filled the vessel m with water both the valves are opened in order to
heat that water by the steam which is compelled to pass the whole of the water. The
water being heated enough the valves are closed, and the plunger with the vessel and
the water heated may be lifted now as often and as long as necessary by opening
valve and letting steam enter the cylinder W₁. In consequence of the valve o
being closed the steam will raise the plunger and the water as high as necessary to dip
the under part of the pressing-apparatus into the water, thus heating the pressing-
apparatus and the liquid or tough material in any desired degree.
It is however, not indispensably requisite to form the packing in the shape of
rings; I may manufacture the packing as well in cordons or ribbons as in rings,
this dependent on the special construction of the stuffing-box to be fitted.
The greatest advantage of my new packings are its enormous durability in com-
bination with cheapness and easy management.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A packing material consisting of small unelastic particles lying closely together,
the space between them being filled out by vulcanised material, the whole being
brought rolled up in the form of the stuffing-box before vulcanising the elastic
material, for the purpose as described.
2. A packing material manufactured by filling an annular mould with small
unelastic particles, and by closing that mould and filling it out under pressure
by heated elastic material, the latter adapted to drive the air out of the mould,
to replace that air by itself and to unite said particles, for the purpose as
described.
3. A packing material manufactured by filling an annular mould with small unelastic
particles and by closing that mould and filling it out by a heated elastic material in
combination with a hollow filling- and pressing-cylinder adapted to receive the heated
elastic materials and to transport it into the mould by means of a piston pressed into
the cylinder, for the purpose as described.
4. A packing material manufactured by filling an annular mould with small

page_text: ûnelastic particles, and by closing that mould and filling it out by a heated
elastic material, the mould consisting of a ground plate d provided with a central
pivot, the latter adapted to hold an annular part 6 in central position, in combination
with a ring a of somewhat greater height than part b, and provided at its under rim
with grooves for the purpose as described.
5 A packing material manufactured by filling an annular mould with small
unelastic particles, and by closing that mould and filling it out by a heated
elastic material; the heat of the material or the liquid or tough state of it being
maintained during the time of filling and pressing by a vessel m filled with water
heated by steam, the vessel resting on a valve o secured to the upper extremity
of a plunger p, the latter adapted to be raised by steam led into the cylindrical
part of the frame, so as to dip said mould into the hot water, for the purpose as
described:
Dated this 18th day of September 1890.
;
+
WILHELM HOLZER.
By Rayner & Cassell;
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.