IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Jean Vandecasteele, of the City of Lille, in
the Empire of France, Brewer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREWING."
Sealed tho 26th September 1861; and dated the 28th March 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Jean Vandecasteele
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th March 1861.
I, LOUIS JEAN VANDECASTEELE, of the City of Lisle, in the Empire of France,
Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BREWING," to be as follows:→
The beneficial results obtained in the manufacture of sugar by the judicious
employment of certain chemical processes have induced me to apply some of
these processes which I have thought suitable to the manufacture of beer.
After having adapted the best methods used in England, Germany, Belgium,
and even in France, I am able successfully to effect the saturation of lime
contained in the mash by means of carbonic acid gas insufflated into the same
by a nozzle perforated with a number of small holes. The use of lime, which
is of incontestable utility for the manufacture of beer as well as sugar, has
nevertheless for beer the serious inconvenience of preventing (if used in a
certain quantity) alcoholic fermentation; moreover, the use of lime may be
detrimental to health. These two effects of lime have probably contributed to
limit its use to very. small quantities for beer, and consequently deprives the
manufacture of this beverage of a great element of success. It is therefore
with the view to employ lime in a sufficient quantity for the successful manu-
facture of beer that I have endeavoured to free the beer (when the good effect

page_text: of the lime is produced) from the inconveniences which would result from the
presence of lime in solution in the liquid, and it is for this reason I precipitato
it to the bottom of a vessel before I introduce it into the boiling copper, whero
the mixture of the beer is effected with the hops. By this means I obtain the
advantages of lime without its inconveniences. Moreover, I have imagined a
way of using lime which I believe superior to the methods now used in
.breweries. I place the mash in a special vessel, and clarify it in the same
way as at the beetroot sugar houses, namely, by the use of milk of lime, and
instead of letting the lime boil in the beer I decant this mash when arrived at
a state of ebullition, and the clarification is completed. I then pass the mash
into another copper, where I cause it to boil by means of steam, as in the
operation of clarification by precipitation. I introduce then the carbonic
acid gas to saturate the lime which is in solution in the mash. To obtain
suitable carbonic acid gas, I have determined, amongst the different processes
now in use, to employ the one which consists in calcining the chalk in a retort,
through which I cause a current of steam or air to pass, which, displacing the
carbonic acid arising from the chalk, carries it through a pipe into the mash
contained in the copper; these processes of clarifying the mash, and to sepa-
rate therefrom the lime by means of carbonic acid gas, not being as yet
anywhere in use.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Jean Vandecasteele in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS JEAN
VANDECASTEELE, of the City of Lille, in the Empire of France, Brewer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Louis Jean Vandecasteele, Her special licence that I, the said Louis
Jean Vandecasteele, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Louis Jean Vandecasteele, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Louis Jean Vandecasteele, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Offico within six calender months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Jean Vandecasteele, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-
The beneficial results obtained in the manufacture of sugar.by tho judicious
employment of certain chemical processes have induced me to apply some of
these processes which I have thought suitable to the manufacture of beer.
After having adapted the best method used in England, Germany, Belgium,
and even in France, I am able successfully to effect the saturation of lime
contained in the mash by means of carbonic acid gas insufflated into the same
by a nozzle perforated with a number of small holes. The use of lime, which
is of incontestable utility for the manufacture of beer as well as sugar, has,
nevertheless, for beer the serious inconvenience of preventing (if used in a
certain quantity) alcoholic fermentation; moreover, the use of lime may be
detrimental to health. These two effects of lime have probably contributed to
limit its use to very small quantities for beer, and, consequently, deprives the
manufacture of this beverage of a great element of success. It is, therefore,
with the view to employ lime in a sufficient quantity for the successful manu-
facture of beer that I have endeavoured to free the beer (when the good effect
of the lime is produced) from the inconvenience which would result from the
presence of lime in solution in the liquid, and it is for this reason I precipitate
it to the bottom of a vessel before I introduce it into the boiling copper where
the mixture of the beer is effected with the hops; by this means I obtain the
advantages of lime without its inconveniences. Moreover, I have imagined a
way of using lime which I believe superior to the methods now used in
breweries. I place the mash in a special vessel, and clarify it in the same
way as at the beetroot sugar houses, namely, by the use of milk of lime, and
instead of letting the lime boil in the beer I decant this mash when arrived at
a state of ebullition, and the clarification is completed. I then pass the mash
into another copper, where I cause it to boil by means of steam, as in the
operation of clarification by precipitation; I introduce then the carbonic acid

page_text: gas to saturate the lime which is in solution in the mash. To obtain suitable
carbonic acid gas, I have determined, amongst the different processes now in
use, to employ, the one which consists in calcining the chalk in a retort,
through which I cause a current of steam or air to pass, which, displacing the
carbonic acid arising from the chalk, carries it through a pipe into the mash
contained in the copper; these processes of clarifying the mash, and to
separate therefrom the lime by means of carbonic acid gas, not being as yet
anywhere in use.
My Invention has for its object an improved method of manufacturing
beer by means of a sufficient quantity of lime introduced into the mash to
remove all the invisible or extraneous particles detrimental to the goodness of
the manufacture, and to make better work in the succeeding stages, and
obtain a greater yield.
My method consists in clarifying the mash, and then separating the lime by
the insufflation of carbonic acid gas by means of a perforated worm. The
value of lime in the manufacture of beer is well known, but its use involves
some inconveniences; for example, when used in certain quantities it prevents
the alcoholic fermentation; lime is also considered detrimental to health. It
is, therefore, advantageous to use a suitable quantity of lime, but the fear of
the consequences of using it has till now restricted its use to very small
quantities of beer, and deprived this branch of manufacture of a great element
of success. With the view of being able to employ lime in sufficient and
proper quantity to ensure the successful manufacture of beer, I free the beer of
the lime, after the useful action thereof has taken place, by precipitating the
lime to the bottom of the vessel before introducing the liquid into the boiling
copper where the mixture of the beer and the hops is made. I obtain by
these means the advantage of employing the lime without its inconveniences.
Moreover, I have invented a method of using lime which I consider superior
to that now used in brewing. I place the mash in a special vessel, and clarify
it in the same way as is at present practised in the manufacture of beetroot
sugar, namely, with milk of lime, but instead of allowing the lime to boil in
the beer I draw off the mash when it has arrived at the boiling point, and the
clarification takes place. After the clarification I cause the mash to pass into
another vessel, where I boil it by means of steam, as in the process of clari-
fication by precipitation, and. I then introduce the carbonic acid gas, and
saturate the lime which is in solution in the mash as before stated. To obtain
suitable carbonic acid gas, and in sufficient quantity, among the different
processes now in use, I prefer to employ that in which chalk is calcined in a
retort, through which I drive a current of air or steam, which mixes with the

page_text: carbonic acid given off from the chalk, and carries it through a pipe into the
mash, but other methods of producing carbonic acid gas may be employed.
In order to make my Invention for the manufacture of beer better under-
stood, I have annexed to this description, by way of example, a Drawing
representing in elevation and section all the parts of the apparatus used in the
manufacture of beer which I have perfected.
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE.
The liquid after passing out of the mash tub A flows into an intermediate
receptacle B, from whence it passes into the elevator C, thence through a
tube D fitted with a cock d; a boiler E supplies the steam necessary for
heating by a worm conveniently placed, the liquid contained in the different
vessels, but especially that in the mash tub A, in the clarifying vat G, and in
the saturating vat H; a tube J with a cock j also conducts the steam from
the boiler E into the elevator C, to raise the liquid which comes into it to the
clarifying vat G, in which is added the milk of lime, the mixture being raised
to a convenient temperature by the double steam worm g. The cock I allows
the clear liquid to flow into the saturating vat H, into which the carbonic acid
gas is introduced through the perforated end of the tube L, in order to
precipitate the lime in the form of carbonate. From the vat H the liquid is
next conveyed by a tube h into a brewing copper M, heated by an open fire N.
The carbonic acid is produced in the retort P, heated by a fire at R, and is
forced into the pipe L by the air forced into the retort through the pipe T by
an air pump S, or steam may be employed for this purpose instead of air.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention of "Improvements in Brewing," together with the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark, in
conclusion, that I hereby declare my Invention to consist in, and I claim,-
First, saturating lime with carbonic acid gas in the manufacture of beer, as
above stated..
Secondly, the purifying or clarifying the liquid after it has passed out of the
mash tub, as above stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Jean Vandecasteele, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
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העםUnd1טענד
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