Year: 1886

page_text: I ARTHUR BENJAMIN FRENZEL, of the City, County and State of New York,
one of the United States of America, gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
Figure 1, shows an elevation of my machine.
Figure 2, a vertical section of the same.
Figure 3 an enlarged detail sectional view of one side of the machine showing
the construction of the side and bottom' and the arrangement and construction of
the scraper and stirrer blades.
Figure 4, a horizontal section of the machine on line y, y.Fig. 1.
Figure 5 a detail sectional view of one of the scraper and stirrer blades and its
supporting arm.
Figure 6, a detail plan view of the lower end of the tubular shaft with the
scraper arms attached.
Figure 7 a detail view of the stopper for closing the bottom of the drying
chamber.
Letters of like name and kind refer to like parts in each of the figures.
The object of my invention is to provide an improved apparatus or machine for
drying paint, blood, scraps, pulp, chemicals, charcoal, and other powdered, pulverized
or disintegrated substances and to this end
It consists in the construction, combination and arrangements of parts as herein-
after clearly described and set forth.
In the drawings, A designates a cylindrical drying pan having the vertical double
sides B B¹ which are U shaped in cross section, the bottom plate C and the dome
shaped top D. The two cylindrical shells forming the double walls of the pan are
connected at their bottoms so that a transverse vertical section of the pan will
appear shaped as set forth above.
The sides and top are formed of sheet or cast metal while the bottom is made of
a steel plate having a central opening E..
This bottom plate rests upon the ring D¹ extending around its outer edge and
upon the ring D² around the edge of the central opening E.
Below plate D is a metal plate F. Bolts F' passing through the bottom of the
V shaped sides of the pan, the ring D¹ and the plato F serve to fasten the bottom.
靠

page_text: and sides together and the plates D and F to the top and bottom of the ring D₁
respectively.
The two plates are to be fastened in any desirable way to the top and bottom of
the ring D³.
Braces GG between the plates serve the purpose of strengthening and stiffening
the bottom of the drying chamber so that it will stand considerable pressure.
The flange H around the edge of the dome top is, as shown, provided with the
annular flanges or ribs h h between which is received and held, the upper edge of
the inner chamber wall B.
The outer wall B¹ of the pan is at its upper edge formed with a flange 6¹ to
which is bolted the flange on the dome.
Between the walls B and B are braces b b which serve to strengthen and
stiffen the side of the chamber and to keep the walls a fixed distance apart.
A cylindrical chamber A' whose sides are preferably also of sheet or cast metal
is below the bottom plate F.
The sides B support the rest of the apparatus upon their upper edge as shown
in the drawings, said edge just coming under the outer ring D¹.
They can be fastened in any desired way to bottom plate F or to the ring D¹.
In the side of the lower chamber A¹ is a door H¹.
The central ring D2 around the opening E in the bottom of chamber or pan A
is, as shown, made with its inner sides flaring downward.
Within this ring fits the stopper I which has the frustrum-of-a-cone-shaped
part I adapted to fit the ring closely, and when inserted in place to have its upper
face i flush with the upper and inner face of the plate C. Around the base of the
part I is a flange I upon the upper face of which is an annular packing of any
suitable material.
In such base is cut a groove just above the flange I' into which groove is
sprung or extends the inner edge of the packing or gasket. Said packing when
the stopper is inserted in place comes against the lower face of plate F around the
edge of the opening therein, and makes a tight joint.
The stopper can be fastened when so inserted in any desired way.
A handle I³ is provided extending from its lower face by which it can be removed
or replaced.
Diametrically opposite each other are the openings K K¹ in the outer wall B¹ of
the casing of chamber A and from these openings extend the short pipes K K³
respectively. Between the inner and outer walls B and B¹ is a jacket space B³,
extending entirely around the chamber A and closed at the top and bottom, as
shown Into this space open the pipes K³ K³.
Within the pipe K2 is a longitudinal vertical partition k which extends beyond
the end of the pipe to the inner wall B of the chamber A so that any vapor
entering the space B³ by the pipe will be divided and caused to pass around in
such space in opposite directions as indicated by arrows in Fig. 4.
For drawing off any moisture which may condense in space B³ a small outlet
pipe K is provided situated at or near the bottom edge of wall B¹ below the
pipe Ka
Between the two plates C and F forming the bottom of the chamber A is an
annular jacket space L closed around its outer edge by the ring D₁ and around its
inner edge by ring D².
Into the outer side of this space extends the pipe L¹.
At a point diametrically opposite to the pipe L' another pipe L² extends up
through the plate F into the space L.
The dome top D is provided with a feed, opening D³ through which the charge
of material to be dried is put into chamber A.
This opening is closed by cap D' which can be of any construction and fastened
in any way desired. Through the centre of the dome is an opening F in which
is. inserted the cylindrically bored bearing F5 for the vertical tubular shaft M.

page_text: This bearing has the neck F extending down within the dome and the flange F7
extending over the edges of opening F and resting upon and fastened to the
dome top.
The upper face of flange F7 is provided with the annular groove M² in which
roll the balls m m.
Upon the shaft M is fixed a collar or flange N having on its under face a
grooven corresponding to groove M¹ and adapted to receive the upper portion of
the balls m m.
An antifrictional bearing is thus formed adapted to support the shaft vertically
and allow of its easy rotation without friction.
Attached to the top of the dome and surrounding bearing or bushing F5 is a
hood O from one side of which near its top extends a pipe O¹ connected with
pipe K2 as shown.
"
The tubular shaft M passes up through the top of the hood, any suitable kind
or means of packing being used to prevent escape of any vapor from the inside of
the hood around the shaft while allowing of rotation of the latter.
The upper end of the latter is closed as shown and has fixed upon it the bevel
gear wheel P with which meshes the gear P¹ on a drive shaft P2 driven by suitable
connections from any desired form of motor.
The shaft M is provided with a series of openings through its sides above and
below the bearing piece F³.
The sum of the combined areas of the openings in each part of the shaft is
preferably equal to the area of the bore m¹ of the shaft itself.
Upon the lower end of the shaft is a rigid annular flange or collar P³.
°
Bolted or otherwise fastened upon this collar or flange on opposite sides of the
shaft are the horizontal parallel bars R preferably made of iron of an inverted
T shape in cross section.
Instead of two such bars obviously a greater number can be used attached to the
flange so as to stand at angles to those already described.
To the lower flat sides of these bars are attached the upper ends of the V shaped
standards or arins S S one leg of the V being attached to each bar R so that the
standards extend downward at right angles to the arms R.
On each side of the shaft M are two of the vertical standards or arms, one near
the shaft and one near the outer ends of bars R To the lower ends of arms S are
bolted or otherwise fastened the scraper blades T. Each of these blades as shown,
extends from one inner arm S to the corresponding outer one with its edge parallel
to and just above the bottom plate C of the chamber.
The body of the blade is inclined downward from its back in the direction of
the movement of said blade the lower ends of the arms S being so shaped as to
admit of their being fixed thereto in such inclined position.
To the sides of the outer arms are fixed the short horizontal arms R¹ R¹ to the
outer ends of which are bolted or otherwise fastened the vertical blades T¹ T¹ the
edges of which are parallel with and close to the side wall B of the chamber A.
These blades are, as were the horizontal ones inclined outward in the direction of
their movement.
The horizontal and vertical knives, will as situated serve to scrape the material
being dried from the bottom and sides of the cylindrical chamber respectively, and
will keep it well stirred up.
It is desirable to have the plate C as thin as possible in order that heat may pass
through with the greatest possible facility.
The operation of my drying apparatus is as follows:-
The stopper being inserted and fixed in place within the ring D² closes the
central opening through the bottom of the chamber A.
The material to be dried is loaded into the chamber through the opening D³ and
such opening is then closed by the cap or cover D*.
The pipe K is connected with some suitable apparatus for producing a vacuum
or suction. Steam is admitted through the pipe L¹ into the space L between the

page_text: steel plate C forming the botttom of chamber A and the plate F and circulates
throughout such space passing out together with any moisture which may be
condensed from it through the exhaust or discharge pipe L².
The heat from this steam passing up through the plate C heats the mass of
material resting thereon. The shaft M is rotated by the gearing described, and
the bars R R and scraper blades I I¹ are carried around within the chamber A the
blades scraping the material from the bottom and sides of the chamber and stirring
it up thoroughly.
A suction is applied at the opening K' and pipe Ks the heated vapors from the
material will be drawn up through the tubular shaft M entering through its lower
end and the openings in its sides near that end. From the shaft they will pass
out through the openings therein above the shaft bearing and into the hood or
drum O.
From the hood they are drawn down through pipes O¹ and K' and then pass
around through the space B³ on opposite sides of the chamber A and out through
the suction pipe K³. The volume of vapor entering space B³ through pipe K² is
divided by the partition in such pipe and the two parts of it pass in opposite
directions around the pan or chamber A to meet and be drawn out together
through the pipe Ks. As the heated vapor passes around through the jacket
space B³ some of the moisture carried by it will be condensed. Such moisture of
condensation is drawn off by means of the pipe K. The heated vapor as it passes
around outside of the cylindrical wall B of the drying chamber heats such wall
and the material within the chamber in contact with the wall. Such utilization
of the heat of the vapor arising from the material being dried to aid in heating
such material, makes my apparatus much more economical than those heretofore in
use, in which the heated vapor was either discharged or allowed to escape directly
into the air or was drawn off and away from the drying-pan or cylinder.
It is advantageous to have the sides of the chamber or pan warmed as well as
the bottom in order that the upper and outer portions of the mass of material may
not be cooled by contact with cool sides and to prevent any of the moisture of the
vapor within the chamber being condensed upon the inner face of such sides.
The scraper and stirrer blades scrape the material from the bottom and sides and
stir it about continually bringing portions of it in contact with different parts of
the heated surface of the pan.
Thus, burning of the material, and sticking of the same to the bottom and sides
of the pan is prevented and the whole mass is heated equally and thoroughly
throughout.
The suction apparatus is designated to draw off the moisture containing vapors
within the apparatus very rapidly As the tubular shaft M extends downward
from the centre of the dome into the pan the vapors arising from the drying
material will be drawn off rapidly from the centre of the chamber, and condensation
of moisture upon the inside of the dome will be reduced to its minimum, if not
prevented as such vapor does not in its upward and outward passage rise up
against and flow along the inner face of the dome. As is obvious and well known
it is advantageous also to have within the pan the partial vacuum produced by
the action of the suction apparatus for drawing off the vapors, as evaporation of
the moisture in the material is much accelerated by such vacuum or diminished
pressure.
When the material has become sufficiently dried, the scraper arms are stopped,
the steam shut off and the suction apparatus is disconnected or its action stopped.
When the material has cooled the door in the bottom chamber is opened and
the stopper is removed from the central opening through the double bottom of
the pan.
'
If poisonous substances as arsenic, white lead etc, are being dried by my
apparatus, the door in the chamber below the pan is kept closed during the
discharging operation, and until all dust has settled within such chamber. If the
stopper be put back to close the discharge opening E, a new charge can be put

page_text: into the pan and be operated upon while the dust is settling in the lower chamber
Heat radiating from the steam space below the pan will then act to still further
dry the discharged load.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and.in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a drying apparatus, a vacuum pan in combination with a stirrer carried
on a tubular shaft through which the vapors within the pan are drawn off,
substantially as shown and described.
2. In a drying apparatus, the closed pan in combination with the hollow shaft
carrying the stirrer and means for drawing off the vapors within the pan through
the shaft substantially as and for the purpose described.
3. In a drying apparatus, in combination with a vacuum pan, a tube through
which the air and vapors within the pan are exhausted, extending into said pan
and below the top thereof substantially as and for the purpose described.
4. In a drying apparatus, in combination with a vacuum pan having a dome
shaped top, an exhaust tube through which the air and vapors in the pan are
drawn off, extending down through the dome and adapted to take the air and
vapors from a point within the pan and below the top of the dome substantially as
shown and described.
5. In a drying apparatus in combination with a vacuum pan, an exhaust tube
extending down within the pan to take the air and vapor from a point well within
the pan and away from the top thereof, having the open end and a series of
apertures in its sides near its end substantially as and for the purpose described.
6. A vacuum pan having on its top a hood connected with a suction apparatus,
in combination with a rotary tubular shaft extending through the hood down into
the pan and carrying on its lower end an agitator, and provided with a series of
openings through its portion which is within the hood substantially as and for the
purpose described.
7. In combination, with the closed pan having a hood on its top connected with
a suction apparatus, the rotary hollow stirrer shaft extending through the hood
and top open at its lower end and provided with a series of openings through the
sides of its portions which are within the hood and below the top of the pan
substantially as and for the purpose described.
8. In combination with a pan having in its top, bearings for a stirrer shaft,
and above such bearings a hood connected with means for producing a vacuum
therein a rotary hollow shaft extending through the hood, and down into the pan,
perforated along its portion contained within the hood, open at its lower end and
carrying thereon means for stirring the contents of the pan substantially as and
for the purpose described.
9. A vacuum pan, provided with means for heating it at its bottom, and having
a jacket space around its sides, in combination with means for causing the heated
vapors from the interior of the pan to pass around through the jacket space to
heat the sides of the pan substantially as and for the purpose described.
10. In combination with the vacuum pan provided with the steam space below
its bottom and a jacket around its sides, the discharge pipe for drawing off the
heated vapors from within the pan connected with and discharging into the jacket
space substantially as shown and described.
11. In combination with the vacuum pan having in its top a tubular bushing
for the stirrer shaft, and above such bushing a hood, the hollow rotary shaft
carrying at its lower end means for stirring the contents of the pan and at its
upper end within the hood provided with a series of perforations, the collar on the
shaft resting on antifriction bearings on the top of the shaft bushing and the
exhaust pipe connecting the hood with means for producing a vacuum, substan-
tially as and for the purpose described.

page_text: 12. A vacuum pan provided with a jacket, a pipe for admitting heated vapor
to the jacket having a partition to divide the volume of the vapor and cause
portions of it to pass around through the jacket space in opposite directions and
with a discharge pipe for allowing the escape of the vapor from the jacket space
on the opposite side of the pan from the entrance pipe substantially as shown and
described.
13. In combination with the stirrer shaft, the bars attached thereto, the vertical
arms depending from said bars and the sharp edged scraper and stirrer blades,
carried on the lower ends of the vertical bars and adapted to scrape up and
stir the material resting on the bottom of the pan, substantially as shown and
described.
14. In combination with the stirrer shaft provided with a flange, the parallel
bars fastened to such flange, the vertical arms attached to the bars and the scraper
and stirrer blades extending between and attached to the lower ends of the arms
substantially as shown and described.
-
15. The rotary stirrer provided with sharp edged scraper and stirrer blades
moving close to the surface of the pan with which the material to be dried is in
contact, and inclined toward such surface in the direction of their movement
substantially as shown and described.
16. In a drying apparatus, the vacuum pan provided with a closed heating
chamber below its bottom for the reception of the dried contents of the pan
substantially as shown and described.
17. A vacuum pan having a discharge opening through its bottom means for
closing and unclosing the same, and a chamber below its bottom for the reception
of the dried contents of the pan substantially as shown and described.
18. In combination with the stirrer shaft provided with a flange, the parallel
bars attached to the flange, the arms depending from the same, and carrying blades
for scraping up the material on the bottom of the pan and the short horizontal
arms, attached to the outer depending arms, and carrying the vertical knives
adapted to scrape the material from the sides of the pan substantially as shown
and described.
1
L
1 1000