IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING COLOURING MATTER, MORE ESPECIALLY THOSE DERIVED FROM ANALINE OR OTHER SIMILAR BASES, ON FIBROUS MATERIALS AND TEXTILE FABRICH
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Stevenson Miller, of the Firm of William
Miller and Sons, Calico Printers, and Thomas Paterson Miller, Manager,
both of Springfield Works, Dalmarnock, North Britain, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING COLOURING MATTER, MORE ESPECIALLY THOSE
DERIVED FROM ANALINE OR OTHER SIMILAR BASES, ON FIBROUS MATERIALS AND
TEXTILE FABRICH."
*!!
1:
Sealed the 12th September 1861, and dated the 18th March 1861..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Stevenson Miller
and Thomas Paterson Miller at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th March 1861.
We, JOHN STEVENSON MILLER, of the Firm of William Miller and Sons,
Calico Printers, and THOMAS PATERSON MILLER, Manager, both of Springfield
Works, Dalmarnock, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING COLOURING MATTER, MORE ESPECIALLY
THOSE DERIVED FROM ANALINE OR OTHER SIMILAR BASES, ON FIBROUS MATERIALS AND
TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
...This Invention relates to a system or mode of rendering fugitive colouring
matters, more particularly those derived from analine and other generally
similar bases, permanent when. applied to fibrous materials or textile fabrics.
Under one modification the fabric or material is passed through a solution
of the acetate of 'galls; and then dried. The fabric or material is then printed;

page_text: the colouring matter obtained from analine or other similar base, combined
with a solution of tin, lead, or zinc, is added to a solution of tartro-acetate of
stannate of soda or potash, which is made by neutralizing stannate of soda or
potash with tartaric acid, adding a slight excess of acetic acid. Or double
salts of the stannate of soda or potash with other acids, or a tartrate or citrate
of the stannate of soda or potash, will also answer the purpose; the colouring
matter is added to the acidulous solution in sufficient quantity to obtain the
desired shade of colour on the goods to be printed or dyed. To the solution
thus prepared is added. gum, starch, or any other suitable farinaceous substance
for the purpose of thickening and giving the requisite consistency to the
solution. The goods, after being printed with the coloury are steamed in the
ordinary way, which completes the process.
Or, instead of the foregoing process, the fabric or material may be printed
or dyed in the ordinary way, and afterwards treated with gallic or tannic
solutions.
In either process solutions of galls, shumac, valonia, or other gallic or
tannic substances may be used-in place of the acetate of galls first.herein-
before mentioned. So also in the preparation of the colouring matters other
metallic. bases than those obtained from tin, lead, or zinc, or other acids, or
neutral solutions of salts, may be used in lieu of those herein-before named,
the essential feature of the Invention being the direct application of the
colouring matters to the fabric or material; which is treated either before
the printing operation or subsequently thereto with any gallic or tannic
preparation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters: Patent; filed
by the said John Stevenson Miller and Thomas Paterson Miller in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wе, JOHŃ
STEVENSON MILLER, of the Firm of William Miller and Sons, Calico Printers,
and THOMAS PATERSON MILLER, Manager, both. of Springfield Works; Dal..
marnock, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most! Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing, date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand, eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Stevenson Miller and Thomas Paterson Miller, Her special.
r

page_text: license. that we, the said John Stevenson, Miller and Thomas Paterson Miller,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Stevenson Miller and Thomas Paterson Miller, our executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,. within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,. and Isle. of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING COLOURING MATTERS, MORE
ESPECIALLY THOSE DERIVED FROM ANILINE OR OTHER SIMILAR BASES, ON FIBROUS
MATERIALS AND TEXTILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said John Stevenson Miller and Thomas Paterson Miller, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause, the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Stevenson Miller and Thomas
Paterson Miller, do. hereby declare the nature of our said, Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
Our said Invention relates to a system or mode of rendering. fugitive
colouring matters,. more, particularly those derived from aniline and other
generally similar bases, permanent when applied to fibrous materials or, textile
fabrics.
Under one modification the fabric or material is passed through a solution
of the acetate of galls, and then dried.. The fabric or material is then, printed;
the colouring matter obtained from aniline or other similar base is added to a
solution of tartro-acetate of stannate of soda or potash, which is made by
neutralizing stannate of soda or potash with tartaric acid, adding a slight
excess of acetic acid; or double: salts of the stannates of soda or potash with
other acids or a tartrate or citrate of the stannates of soda or potash, will also
answer the purpose. The colouring matter is..added, to the acidulous solution
in sufficient quantity to obtain the desired shade of colour, on the goods to be
printed or dyed. To the solution thus prepared is added gum, starch, or any
other suitable farinaceous substance, for the purpose; of, thickening.and giving
the requisite consistency to the solution. The goods, after being, printed with
the colour, are steamed in the ordinary way, which completes the process.
Or, instead of the foregoing process;.the fabric or material may be printed or

page_text: solutions.
In either process solutions of galls, shumac, valonia, or other gallic or
tannic substances, may be used in place of the acetate of galls first herein-
before mentioned. So also in the preparation of the colouring matters other
metallic bases than. those obtained from tin, lead, or zinc, or other acids or
neutral solutions of. salts, may be used in lieu of those herein-before named,
the essential feature of our Invention being the direct application of the
colouring matters to the fabric or material, which is treated either before
the printing operation, or subsequently thereto with any gallic or tannic
preparation.
And in order that our said Invention of improvements in fixing colouring
matters, moré especially those derived from aniline or other generally similar
bases, on fibrous materials and textile fabrics, may be properly understood, we
shall now proceed to describe in detail certain modifications under which our
improvements may be judiciously carried out in practice:
}
Under one modification of our Invention a solution of galls in acetic acid is
prepared by digesting one pound of gall nuts in one gallon of acetic acid, of a
strength marking eight degrees (or thereabouts). on Twaddle's hydrometer.
After standing a sufficient time to admit of the gall nuts being thoroughly
digested, the clear solution is drawn off from the galls, and set aside for
use. A certain quantity of this solution of galls is taken and diluted with
water, proportioned to the depth of colouring matter or intensity of the tint to
be subsequently imparted to the fabric. The fabric or material to be treated
is passed through the gallic solution, and dried for printing. Instead of. using
the preparation of galls and acetic acid, a solution of tannic acid, or a mixture
of the solution of galls in acetic acid and tannic acid, will answer: the purpose.
The preparation of the colouring matter is preferred to be effected in the
following manner: A solution of what we term tartro-acetate of the stannates:
of soda or potash is prepared by treating the stannates of 'soda or-potash with
tartaric acid, and adding thereto. a slight excess of acetic acid. To this
solution a sufficient quantity of. the. colouring matter is added to produce the
desired shade, and 'to the colour: thus prepared a quantity of gum, starch,
or other similar and suitable material is added to impart the requisite con-
sistency. The fabrics which have been prepared with the gallic or tannic
solutions, as herein-before described, are then printed in the usual manner,
with the colouring solution prepared 'as before described, with the tartro-acetate
of the stannates of soda or potash. The goods after being printed are steamed
in the usual way; this operation has the effect of developing and rendering

page_text: the colour permanent, and completes the process. Instead of using the tartro-
acetate of the stannates of soda or potash, other double salts of the stannates of
soda or potash with other acids, or a citrate of the stannates of soda or potash,
may be used for the purpose of preparing or mixing with the colouring
matter. 1
Under another modification of these improvements the fabric or material to
be treated is passed through a saponaceous solution, formed by adding about
eight ounces of soap to one gallon of water. After being passed through this
solution the goods are treated with dilute sulphuric acid, and they are then
washed and dried ready for printing. The colouring matter for this process is
prepared as follows: A solution of the acetate of lead, prepared by dissolving
one pound of the acetate of lead in one gallon of water, more or less of the
acetate being used according to the quantity of colouring matter to be added.
The colouring matter is mixed with this acetous solution in the requisite
quantity, and the solution thickened with gum, starch, or other similar and
suitable material until of the proper consistency. The colouring matter may
be added to, the lead solution either before or after the solution has been
thickened with, gum or starch. The colouring matter thus prepared is used
for printing the prepared fabrics or materials in the usual way, after which the
goods are steamed, and this completes the process. Instead of using the
acetate of lead in the preparation of the colouring solution, other salts of lead
combined with other acids may be used for the purpose, and will have the
desired effect; so, also, in the preparation of the fabrics or materials in lieu of
using soap, any oily or fatty matter in combination with an alkali or an
alkaline carbonate will answer the purpose, and any acid or salt which has the
effect of decomposing the alkali or the alkaline carbonate may be substituted
for the sulphuric acid. The preparation of the fabrics or materials may
likewise be performed subsequently to the printing and steaming processes.
The manipulations of this process may be varied in several ways without
departing from its essential feature, which consists in the formation of stearate
of lead in combination with the colouring matter in the fabric or other material
to be printed or dyed.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we would observe in conclusion, that what we consider novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,--
First, the system or mode of fixing colouring matters, more especially those
derived from aniline or other generally similar bases, on fibrous materials and

page_text: textile fabrics, by means of the process first herein-before described, or any
mere modification or variation of the said mode of operation; in which process
the colouring matters are combined with what we term the tartro or citro-
acetate of the stannates of soda or potash, or any neutral or acid preparation made
from an alkaline stannous solution, or any solution of tin along with tartric or
citric acids, free or combined, and the colours so prepared are applied to the
fabric or material treated, either previously or subsequently to the printing,
with a tannic solution.
Second, the system or mode of fixing colouring matters derived from aniline
and other generally similar bases, by combining the colouring matters with
salts of lead, for the purpose of printing or dyeing on a fabric or, material,
either with or without preparation; also, the formation of a stearate of lead in
combination with the colouring matters derived from aniline or other generally
similar bases, as herein-before described, or any mere modification of the said
process or mode of operation.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Stevenson Miller and Thomas
Paterson Miller, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Six-
teenth day of September, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
one.
JOHN STEVENSON MILLER.
(L.6.)
THOMAS PATERSON MILLER. (L.S.)