Selvedges on Double Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1888

page_text: Selvedges on Double Pile Fabrics.
We, GEORGE PRIESTLEY, JAMES PRIESTLEY, and FREDERICK PRIESTLEY, of
Mount Street Shed, Bradford in the County of York, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the method of and apparatus for weaving
"fast" selvedges on double pile fabrics woven "pick and pick," that is when the weft
alternately passes from one fabric to the other, and its object is to prevent such
selvedges fraying or ravelling after the two fabrics are severed.
At the present time in order to prevent the cut selvedges fraying or ravelling the
said fabrics are commonly woven in such a manner that the weft is frequently passed
to and fro, or twice across the same fabric, without passing through the other one,
thus each time forming a loop round the outer warp thread of one selvedge of such
fabrics and thereby binding said warp thread to it, but each time this occurs a faint
line is formed in the face of the fabric, the effect of which is very difficult or impossible
to totally remove in the finishing process.
Our said improvements consist in crossing, or twisting together, the two outer warp
threads of each selvedge between each weft thread thus firmly binding or wedging
the cut ends of the latter between the several twists which prevents the warp fraying
or ravelling and at the same time allows a "pick and pick "design to be used and also
leaves the cut faces of the severed pile perfectly solid and even.
The said improvements further consist in the arrangement hereinafter described for
crossing or twisting the said warp threads as mentioned above.
In order to fully describe our invention reference is to be had to the accompanying
drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts in each of the figures.
Figure 1, represents a front view of a portion of certain of the heald shafts together
with such parts of a loom as are necessary to illustrate our invention.
Figure 2, is a cross section of the same.
The heal guides A, are secured in the usual manner by their side piece B to tho
side frame of the loom C, and two sockets D and D' are fixed to B which sockets
carry arms E and E, each supporting a needle F and F. The two outer warp threads
of the selvedges of the upper and lower fabrics instead of being carried by the warp
beam with the rest of the warp are separately carried upon the reels or bobbins G
and H, and G and H¹. The threads forming the selvedge of the lower fabric are
represented by the broken lines J and K and those of the upper fabric by similar

page_text: lines J and K. The warp threads J and J¹ from the bobbins G and G' respectively
pass through the eyes Land L' of the needles F and F and the threads K and K¹
pass through the mails M and M. The mail M operating the thread K is attached
by two independent connections N and N' to the upper shafts O and O₁ of separate
healds and such connections are respectively fixed to said shafts a little to the left and
right of the needle F. The said mail is also attached below by the connection P to
an india-rubber spring R fixed at the bottom in any convenient manner. In a similar
way the mail M' is attached below by two separate connections S and S¹ to the lower
shafts T and T of separate healds and such mail is connected above by P' to an
india-rubber spring I fixed by its upper extremity to any convenient part of the
loom.
From the foregoing description it will be readily seen that when the healds are
operated by the action of the shedding motion the position of the shafts O and O', will be
reversed as O' rises and O descends and that the shafts T and T will be similarly
operated. And it will also be seen that as O descends and T rises the mails M and M' will
be respectively drawn down by the india-rubber springs R and R below and above
the eyes L and L' of the needles until checked by their connections N¹ and S¹
attaching them to the shafts O' and T', when the motion of the latter will draw the
said mails and their connections to the position shown by the dotted representations
thereof in figure 1 thus placing them at the opposite sides of the needles and crossing
or twisting the warp threads operated thereby half round the warp threads passing
through the eyes of said needles. The said warp threads relatively remain in this
position until a pick is made after which by a repetition of the above described motion
they assume the position previously occupied and repeating this firmly bind or wedge
the ends of the weft between the several twists of warp.
As two fabrics are woven together it is necessary for the shafts O and T, and O'
and T to alternately operate the said mails twice in succession and then remain
stationary two picks with their connections with the mails slack, this enables a
pick to be put in both the upper and lower fabrics each time the warp threads are
crossed.
It is obvious that a similar arrangement will be requisite at the other side of the
loom.
It has not been deemed necessary to show the attachment to the loom of the warp
reels and india-rubber springs herein mentioned as they may be readily applied in any
convenient manner adapted to suit the particular construction of loom. And the
tension of the said warp threads may be regulated by any simple tension device.
Pullies similar to C or other guides may also be used to guide such warp threads.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we would have it understood
we do not claim the application of the said improvements to the central selvedges
of "split-up's," or the selvedge dividing two narrow fabrics woven side by side, but
what we claim is:
1. In a double pile fabric woven by a "pick and pick "design, the fast selvedge
formed by crossing or twisting the outer warp threads between the weft threads, sub-
stantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose specified.
2. In a loom for weaving double pile fabrics, the arrangement and operation of the
said mails in combination with the said needles adapted to cross or twist the outer
warp threads of the outside selvedges of said fabrics.
Dated this 3rd day of November 1888.
DRACUP & NOWELL,
Bradford, Agents.