IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS WHEN MADE OF WOOL AND COTTON, OR OF WOOL, COTTON, AND SILK
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Bell, of 93, Glassford Street, Glasgow, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS WHEN
MADE OF WOOL AND COTTON, OR OF WOOL, COTTON, AND SILK."
Sealed the 23rd May 1856, and dated-the 26th November 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Bell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1855.
I, ROBERT BELL, of 93, Glassford Street, Glasgow, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN
FABRICS WHEN MADE OF WOOL AND COTTON, OR OF WOOL, COTTON, AND SILK,"
to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in making-fabrics, cach
consisting of two or more warps and of three or, more, wefts. For these
purposes
I use in some cases three distinct warps of cotton and two distinct.
wefts of wool, either of the same color or of different colors, or party-coloured,.
the third warp not being worked into either surface, but placed in the centre
between the two outer surfaces; or when using only two warps of cotton and
two wefts of wool, as above, I use a weft of cotton not worked into either
surface, but placed in the centre; or I use three or more warps of cotton, two.
of these warps being wefted with wool, as above, one on each side of the cloth,

page_text: and the other warp or warps wefted with cotton in the centre between the two
outer folds, and all woven together into one cloth. I would, however, state,
that in place of two or more cotton warps, one may be of wool or of silk, or
of wool and silk, or wool, cotton, and silk; and in place of the two surfaces
being wefted with wool, either or both may be wefted with wool and cotton,
or wool and silk, or wool, cotton, and silk, or altogether of silk, always having a
cotton warp or weft or warp and weft in the centre between the outer plies;
and it should be stated that the yarn for those purposes, when of wool, may
be spun in any of the ordinary sheeps' wool or mohair.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Bell, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th May 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
BELL, of 93, Glassford Street, Glasgow, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her, most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters,
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Robert Bell, Her special licence that I, the said Robert Bell, my.
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert
Bell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS WHEN MADE OF WOOL AND COTTON, OR OP WOOL,
COTTON, AND SILK," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert
Bell, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar. months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent."
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Bell, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly. described and ascertained in and by the following:
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in making fabrics, each con-
sisting of two or more warps and of three or more wefts. For these purposes
I use in some cases three distinct warps of cotton and two distinct wefts of
wool, either of the same color or of different colors, or parti-colored, the third-
warp not being worked into either surface, but placed in the centro between.
the two outer surfaces; or when using only two warps of cotton and two wefts.
of wool, as above, I use a weft of cotton not worked into either surface, but
placed in the centre; or I use three or more warps of cotton, two of these
warps being wefted with wool, as above, one on each side of the cloth, and the
other warp or warps wefted with cotton in the centre between the two outer,
folds, and all woven together into one cloth. I would, however, state, that in
place of two or more cotton warps, one may be of wool or of silk, or of wook
and silk, or wool, cotton, and silk; and. in place of the two surfaces. being
wefted with wool, either or both may be wefted with wool and cotton, or wool
and silk, or wool, cotton, and silk, or altogether of silk, always having a cotton
warp or weft or warp and weft in the centre. between the outer plies;. and it
should be stated that the yarn for these purposes, when of wool, may be spun
in any of the ordinary modes from ordinary sheep's wool or mohair. I would
further state, that one of the surfaces may be wefted with cotton and the other
with wool, always having the cotton warp or weft or warp and weft in the
centre.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more..
fully to describe the manner of performing the same. The arrangements of
the mechanism and harness of a loom may be varied, but the draft given in
the Drawing annexed is that preferred by me for the purposes of my Invention.
It is preferred that the fabric, according to my Invention, should consist of
two warps of cotton, one-fourth of the warps used being about one-third to
one-half as long again (according to the size of filling weft used) as the other
three-fourths of the warps. The longer warps are to be wound on a separate
bearer, and one of small diameter is preferred; the other three-fourths of the
warps are put on the ordinary beam of the loom. The warps are introduced
through the spaces in the reed, four yarns or threads in each space in the reed;
the heddles to be on eight leaves, that is, two ordinary 600 plain mountings
of four leaves each. When drawing in the web, that is, placing the warp
threads or yarns into the heddles, care must be taken to draw the whole of the
threads or yarns (on the smaller or extra beam), which are longer than the
others, into two leaves. The two front leaves suit the accompanying draft, and

page_text: are most convenient. The other three-fourths of the warps are to be.drawn
through the other six leaves in the ordinary-way in regular rotation. There
are ten treadles, and tied up, as indicated by the accompanying draft, which
will be readily understood by a weaver. There are to be four of the yarns.in
each space of the reed, one of the longer and three of the shorter warps. The
weaving is to be as follows: With the treads 1, 2, 3,.4, of the accompanying
draft, the fabric is to be shot with four shoots of wool, and with the treads
5, 6, 7, 8, the fabric is to be shot with four shoots. of wool; with the treads
9 and 10 the fabric is to be shot with two shoots of soft and thick yarns of
cotton, to act as a filling weft. By this means a fabric will. be produced with
two faces, chiefly of wool; but if desired, one of the faces may be wefted. with
cotton or silk, or with mixed mixed materials, in all cases using a wefting or
warp of cotton in the interior of the fabric. The wefts used on the different
faces of a fabric may be of the same color or or different colors.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it. understood that what. I claim is, tho
manufacture of. fabrics herein described.!
In witness whereof, 'I, the said 'Robert Bell, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord' One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
ROBERT BELL. (L.S.)
JAMES MACNEE, Witness.