IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILERS AND IN MEANS OF EFFECTING ECONOMY IN THE CON- SUMPTION OF FUEL THEREIN.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas James Smith, of the Firm of Robertson,
Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE
AND OTHER BOILERS AND IN MEANS OF EFFECTING ECONOMY IN THE CON-
SUMPTION OF FUEL THEREIN.' A communication from abroad by
Napoleon Felix Boreiko de Chodzko, of Rue de Babylone, No. 58,
Paris, Engineer.
"
-
Sealed the 4th July 1873, and dated the 11th January 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas James
Smith at the Office of the 'Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 11th January 1873.
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILERS AND IN MEANS OF EFFECTING ECONOMY IN THE
CONSUMPTION OF FUEL THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The following are the objects of the Invention
:
-

page_text: And, thirdly, to arrange the furnaces of locomotives so as to attain the
same ends.
In the first arrangement I replace the ordinary fire-box by a long
double grate arranged below the tubes, the lower part of which serves to
burn the scoriæ and half-consumed matters proceeding from the upper
part upon which the fresh coal is burned. Besides, as the hot gases
procceding from the furnace pass into the tubes at the front of the
machine, I force them to effect a double circulation by placing in the
middle of the heating tubes a large return conduit, which receives the
heated gases and leads them into the chimney, thus utilizing their heat
a second time. This arrangement possesses all the advantages above
mentioned, that is to say, the heating surface is much greater than in
ordinary locomotives in consequence of the double circulation for the
greater part of the length of the tubes, and of the double envelope of
water which surrounds the furnace. The double grate, the total surface
of which is greater than ordinary grates, produces a great economy of
combustibles, seeing that the lower parts finish the combustion of the
scoriæ and coke from the upper part, so that both waste and smoke
are prevented.
In a second arrangement intended for use with ordinary furnaces in
order to attain the same results I simply arrange in front of and above
the existing grate a transverse grate formed with tubes for the circula-
tion of water, so that the scoriae and half-consumed remains from this
grate fall upon the lower one, and are there consumed as in the first
instance.
On the other hand in order to force the hot gases proceeding from
the upper grate to pass upon the lower onc, I arrange in the middle
part of the fire-box a hollow partition or hanging fire-bridge with water
circulation tube, which is thus utilized at the same time both as a
diaphragm for the reflection of the gases and as a boiler.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Thomas James Smith in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of
166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas James Smith, Her special
licence that I, the said Thomas James Smith, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas James
Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILERS AND IN MEANS OF
EFFECTING ECONOMY IN THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL THEREIN," communicated
to me from abroad by Napoleon Felix Boreiko de Chodzko, of Ruo de
Babylone, No. 58, Paris, Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Thomas James Smith, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas James Smith, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the samo
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
The following are the objects of this Invention :-
First, to obtain a relatively greater heating surface than in the boilers
at pregant in
Secondl to affont
idomohlo rasname of fual

page_text: And, thirdly, to arrange the furnaces of locomatives so as to attain the
same ends.
In the first arrangement the ordinary fire-box is replaced by a long
double grate arranged below the tubes, the lower part of which serves to
burn the scoriae and half-consumed matters proceeding from the upper
part upon which the fresh coal is placed. And as the hot gases pro- t
ceeding from the furnace pass into the tubes at the front of the machine
they are forced to effect a double circulation by the placing in the
middle of the heating tubes a large return conduit which receives the
heated gases and leads them into the chimney, thus utilizing their heat
a second time. This arrangement possesses all the advantages above 1
mentioned, that is to say, the heating surface is much greater than in
ordinary locomotives in consequence of the double circulation for the
greater part of the length of the tubes, and of the double envelope of
water which surround the furnace, and the double grate (the total
surface of which is greater than that of ordinary grates) produces a 1
great economy of combustible, seeing that the lower part finishes the
combustion of the scoriae and coke from the upper part, so that both
waste and smoke are prevented.
In a second arrangement intended for use with ordinary furnaces in
order to attain the same results, in front of and above the existing 2
grate is fitted a transverse grate formed with tubes for the circulation of
water, so that scoriae and half-consumed remains from this grate
fall upon the lower one, and are there consumed as in the first
instance.
On the other hand in order to force the hot gases proceeding from 2
the upper grate to pass upon the lower one, in the middle part of the
fire-box is arranged a hollow partition or hanging fire-bridge with water
circulation tube, which is thus utilized at the same time both as a
diaphragm for the reflection of the gases and as a boiler.
The annexed Drawings and the following description will render the 3
arrangements just mentioned easy to be understood.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a locomotive construced with
a furnace according to this Invention, and with a central conduit for
double circulation; Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same.
In this the arrangement the tall fire-box of ordinary locomotive
furnaces is dispensed with, which permits a greater length to be

page_text: given to the heating tube a, a. Beneath these tubes a, a, the double
grate b, c, is arranged, the upper stage 6 of which is intended for con-
suming the fresh coal or other fuel, whilst the lower stage serves to
finish the combustion of the scoriae and half-consumed matter proceeding
3 from the first one b. A sort of fire-bridge g forces the heated gases
from the first grate or upper stage to reflect so as to quicken the
combustion of and become consumed upon the lower grate. This
double grate has much more superficial surface than the ordinary ones,
and by its arrangement effects a great economy of fuel, arising from a
more perfect combustion. Instead of stoking by throwing off from the
grate the scoriae and clinkers, the stoker from time to time should only
push them from the upper to the lower grate, and in this operation
the upper layers of fresh combustible fall upon the bars to take the place
of the raked away scoriae, so that there is in this manner as complete a
combustion as possible. As the combination of the two-storied grate
has the effect of leading the heated gases towards the smoke box end or
front of the boiler, they are made to pass into and traverse the tubes by
means of a draught created at the opposite end by a large central
conduit & which leads to the chimney. A double circulation of heated
gases is thus effected across the mass of water, and the heating surface
largely augmented, while the reduction in the volume of water caused
by the use of the large return conduit is compensated for by the doublo
envelope full of water which surrounds the whole furnaco.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 4 a transverse section
on the line Y, Y, of an ordinary locomotive with its fire-box arranged
according to the second part of this Invention. In this second arrange-
ment all the ordinary parts of the machine and of the boiler remain as
in existing machines, the fire-box A alone undergoing an important
modification, although its dimensions and form are in no way altered.
Above the ordinary gratef a transverse grate is formed of water cir-
culation tubes. These tubes debouch right and left into a sort of box or
drawer which effects the circulation, or other arrangements can be
used for the purpose. In the middle portion of the fire-box, in order to
force the gases of the grate to reflect down upon the grate f, is fitted
a hollow partition or hanging fire-bridge j in direct communication with
the boiler; a circulation of water is thus established, and the hollow
partition plays the part both of fire-bridge and boiler. The double
grate h,, acts in the same manner as the grate b, c, of Figures 1 and 2

page_text: the lower stage burns the scoriae and half-consumed matters coming
from the upper one.
These improved arrangements may of course be varied according to
the various shapes or formation of the boiler, shells, or bodies to which
they may be applied, so long as the distinctive features of the Invention
aro preserved.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
Firstly. Arranging the furnaces of locomotives and other boilers beneath
the heating tubes, and constructing the said furnaces with a double 1
grato, the lower stage of which receives the scoriae and half-consumed
matters from the upper one, substantially as described and shown.
Secondly. The combination with the said double grate of a large central
tube or conduit communicating with the chimney and effecting a draught
so as to bring about a double circulation of the heated gases through the 1
mass of water before they enter the chimney, substantially as described
and shown.
Thirdly. The application of existing furnaces to the objects of this
Invention by means of a supplementary grate formed of water circulation
tubes arranged above and in front of the ordinary grate, substantially as
described and shown.
And, fourthly. The combination with the grate so applied of a hollow
partition or hanging fire-bridge for forcing the hot gases of the upper
grate to reflect down upon the lower one, substantially as described and
shown.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas James Smith, have here-
T