IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE AR DRAIN DIDEO"
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Dumbleton Pinfold, of Rugby, in the County
of Warwick, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE
AR DRAIN DIDEO"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Dumbleton Pinfold
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1880.
JONATHAN DUMBLETON PINFOLD, of Rugby, in the County of Warwick, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFacture of DRAIN PIPES."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus to be
employed in the manufacture of bricks, tiles, and similar articles, whether
compressed or not, a part of such improvements being also applicable to machinery
for making drain pipes and like articles formed by expressing clay through
shaping dies. The said improvements consist, first, in so arranging or constructing
the two opposite sides or ends of the compressing chamber of a pug mill, or that
part where the clay begins to be compressed before entering the die or moulding
orifice, as to admit of the said sides being lubricated, the object being to ensure an
equable flow of the clay at the sides or ends and in the centre of the mass which
is being compressed and expelled; it having been found in practice that the centre
portion of the mass has a tendency to move faster on its way to the die than the
ends thereof by reason of the friction against the sides or ends of the compressing
chamber. To remedy this defect I lubricate the sides or ends of the compressing
chamber by admitting thereto in any convenient manner water, steam, oil, or other
suitable lubricating medium. In practice I prefer to employ one or more thin
metal plates, over-lapping at their front edges or disposed somewhat after the
manner of louvres, the lubricating medium being admitted by perforations, grooves,

page_text: or channels in the sides or ends of the compressing chamber behind the said louvre
plates.
Secondly. Of an improved arrangement of cutting table and mode of actuating
the same, applicable to any convenient form or arrangement of expressing inachine,
the said cutting table being actuated or driven from the expressing machine itself
so as to be self acting, although if desired it may be worked separately by hand;
but in either mode of working the cut bricks are delivered laterally upon their
boards, which are delivered along with them by being slid either direct onto a
barrow, or if preferred onto an endless band, or its equivalent, which conveys them
to the stacking ground or to any other required place, thus entirely obviating the
necessity for lifting the boards by hand. According to one mode of carrying out
this portion of my Invention I impart the to-and-fro transverse motion motion to the
table and cutting wires by means of an arrangement of racks fixed to the table and of
toothed wheels or segments mounted on a shaft in gear with a second shaft which is
driven always in one direction by a driving shaft and bevel or other gearing from
the pug mill or other expressing machine. The stream of clay having travelled to
the outer end of the table it pushes against a lever, which by means of a clutch or
other equivalent arrangement throws the driving pinion into gear and causes the
cut to be made. The cut bricks are now separated slightly from the end of the
issuing stream of clay by moving the table in a longitudinal direction auto-
matically by the action of a cam or other equivalent arrangement; this longitudinal
motion of the table serving also to throw out of gear the driving pinion. In the
meantime the cut bricks have been delivered upon and along with their boards
or equivalents either direct onto the barrows or onto the travelling band, the whole
of the operations of cutting, separating the bricks, and delivering the same with
their boards being thus performed by power automatically. Or the delivery of the
bricks whilst upon their boards may be effected by hand by simply rolling or
sliding the boards onto the barrow, travelling band, or other receiver.
Thirdly. Of a peculiar arrangement of continuous action brick or tile press,
whereby I am enabled to work the table containing the moulds continuously in lieu
of intermittently, as has heretofore generally been the case.
For this purpose the top plunger is mounted on a radial bracket arm, which
receives a reciprocating circular motion to an extent sufficient to allow the top
plunger time to act in compressing the brick whilst following the rotary motion of
the table. The top and bottom plungers are both actuated by cams mounted upon
upper and lower cam shafts, geared together and driven from a main driving sliaft.
If desired the top plunger may be worked by steam pressure direct or through a
lever, a steam cylinder being mounted on or over the radial arm for that purpose,
in which case either or both the rotary compressing cams may be dispensed with.
In order to ensure the exact proper position of the top plunger with reference to
each mould as it is brought under it a moveable pin is provided in the table for
each mould, which pin as it travels round comes in contact with the radial arm
just at the moment when the top plunger coincides with the mould beneath, and
causes the said arm and plunger to move round a short distance along with the
table. Having completed the compression of the brick the top and bottom plungers
are freed from the further action of their respective compressing cams, and the top
plunger having been raised clear of the mould the radial arm is moved back
against a buffer stop, where it remains until again caught by the next one of the
series of moveable pins, the one which had last acted being caused to descend
below the surface of the table in order to allow the said back motion of the radial
It will thus be seen that the compression of the brick is obtained from the
combined and simultaneous actions of a top and bottom plunger, either or both
being acted upon directly by a special rotating compressing cam or cams, or by a
cam and a direct action steam plunger, whilst the motion of the table is entirely
uninterrupted.
arm.
1
Fourthly. Of a peculiar differential rack and pinion motion for hand lever

page_text: presses for compressing bricks and tiles or other goods, whereby I obtain a more
powerful action in presses of this class combined with simplicity and economy of
construction. According to this part of my Invention I employ a differential
toothed pinion of a scroll shape, that is to say, having a gradually increasing radius,
the part of smallest radius gearing into the straight portion of a rack carrying the
compressing plunger, and thus imparting a powerful action to the same for giving
the squeeze, whilst the portion of larger radius gears into a portion of the said
rack which is disposed at an angle or is curved to correspond to the curve or
contour of the differential pinion, and thus affords a quick return action when
lifting the plunger whilst giving the greatest power at the moment of compression.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Jonathan Dumbleton Pinfold in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st January 1881.
JONATHAN DUMBLETON PINFOLD, of Rugby, in the County of Warwick, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN PIPES."
My said Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus to be
employed in the manufacture of bricks, tiles, and similar articles, whether com-
pressed or not, such improvements being also partly applicable to machinery for
making drain pipes and like articles.
The said improvements consist, first, of a peculiar construction and arrangement
of self acting cutting and delivery table driven or actuated either directly or
indirectly from the pug mill or other clay expressing machine itself, or if desired
worked separately by hand, wherein the cut bricks are delivered laterally upon
their boards, and the said boards are delivered along with the bricks by being
slid either direct onto a barrow or onto an endless travelling band or other
receiving surface, which conveys them with their bricks to any required place,
thus obviating the necessity for lifting the boards by hand. By a suitable modifi-
cation of the said cutting and delivery table it may be applied to the cutting and
delivery of drain pipes if desired. Secondly, of a peculiar combination and
arrangement of parts constituting an improved continuous action brick, tile, and
quarry press; thirdly, of the application and uso of a peculiar arrangement of
differential rack and pinion motion to and in lever presses for compressing bricks,
tiles, quarrys, and other like articles actuated either by hand or by power.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood 1 shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer
to the several Figures on the accompanying Sheets of explanatory Drawings, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding
Figures.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) of my Drawings represents a general plan of my improved
self acting cutting and delivery table with the mechanism for actuating the same;
Figure 2 is a corresponding front elevation of the same, and Figure 3 is a transverse
vertical section of the said table corresponding to Figure 2, & looking at the
outer end thereof, the end plate being removed to show the gearing more clearly.
This table can be used in conjunction with or applied to any suitable form or
arrangement of expressing machine, from which it is driven or actuated either
directly or indirectly, or worked by hand separately if required.
A, A, are the fixed end standards of the machine supported on any suitable
foundation, and carrying two parallel spindles B, B, on each of which are mounted
loosely two flanged rollers C, C. Upon these rollers run to-and-fro longitudinally
the parallel side plates D, D, to which are bolted the two fixed frames E, E, which
carry the bearings for the two parallel shafts F, F', geared together by the spur
wheels G, G. Each shaft carries a pair of segmental wheels H, H', having teeth
round a portion of their circumference only. The segments H of the shaft F1 gear
into racks I fixed to the underside of the cutting frame K, which whilst in the act
of cutting slides in guides at L formed in the fixed frames E and provided with
antifriction rollers. The segments H₁ of the shaft F gear into corresponding
racks 1' also fixed to the cutting frame. The segments H, H, and their racks I
serve to force the cutting wires through the clay, and the segments H', H', with
their racks I' serve to deliver the cut bricks onto the board g' on the web h or
delivery rollers g, as hereinafter explained. The inner end of the shaft F is

page_text: prolonged and made square or formed with a slot, so as to slide freely through the
boss of a bevel wheel M, which is supported at its inner end by a fixed bearing at
N, which prevents the said wheel from moving end wise, but allows it always to
revolve along with the said shaft. This bevel wheel is driven by a bevel pinion O
fast on the first motion shaft P, which carries a driving pulley and clutch box R,
the pulley receiving its motion either directly or indirectly from the expressing
machine. Attached to the cutting frame K there is a horizontal plate S, which
carries the stream of clay to be cut into bricks by the cutting wires, such clay as
it issues from the expressing die passing over rollers T, T, mounted in a separate
lubricating trough U and sliding over the plate S, as is well understood. Bolted
to the two fixed frames E, E, is a back board V for supporting the clay whilst the
cutting wires are passing through it. Attached to the outer one of the two fixed
frames E there is a bracket W carrying a horizontal bell crank lever X, on one end
of which is mounted a vertical roller Y, whilst the other end of the said lever is
connected by a link Z with a lever arm a fast on a rocking shaft b carried by the
two fixed frames E, and moving therewith during the cutting action. c is a
second lever arm mounted on the rocking shaft b, its boss being maintained in
position by a forked bracket & attached to the side of one of the end standards A
of the apparatus, the shaft turning with the said boss, but being free to slide
through it longitudinally. The outer end of this lever arm is connected by a link e
with the fork fof the sliding clutch R, as shown clearly in Figure 3. So soon as the
end of the stream of clay reaches the roller Y it forces it outwards; and throws
the clutch box R into gear by the levers and rock shafts a, Z, b, and c, or
other equivalent arrangement, so as to start the cutting and delivery actions.
The cutting frame K is extended towards the front of the apparatus so as to
admit of a series of rollers g, g, being fitted therein, carrying an endless web
or connecting chain h. The roller nearest the table or plate S is provided at one
end with a small toothed wheel and ratchet motion, the toothed wheel gearing
into a small rack attached to the fixed frame E. Upon the rollers g, g, or web h
is deposited the board g¹, which receives the row of cut bricks, such board being
drawn underneath the clay during the process of cutting by a catch i, which rises
automatically by passing over and along a fixed incline when in the act of drawing
the board under the clay, and descends again during the reverse movement in order
to allow the board with the cut bricks upon it to be delivered onto the barrow
or travelling endless band. When the board is being drawn under the stream of
clay, the web or chain hand rollers g remain stationary by reason of the pall on
the small toothed wheel revolving loosely round the ratchet. Iminediately the cut
is made the catch i descends and releases the board, and the outward motion of the
cutting frame causes the web h and rollers g to travel by the action of the toothed
rack and pinion, thereby effecting the automatic delivery of the board with its
complement of cut bricks onto the barrow or endless band. In order to detach or
separate the cut bricks from the end of the uncut stream of clay so as to admit of
their free lateral delivery, which separation should be effected immediately the cutting
wires have passed through the clay up to the back board, two cams k, k, are
provided fast on the shaft F' acting against fixed pins in the bed plate, the one cam
serving to separate the bricks by moving forward slightly the cutting table, whilst
the second cam returns the table to its original position again and throws the
driving clutch out of gear by any well known arrangement. It is obvious that
various equivalent mechanical arrangements may be employed for effecting the
separation of the cut bricks from the stream of clay, and therefore I do not confine
or restrict myself to the precise arrangement shown and described. It is obvious
that the above described mode of delivering the bricks is also applicable where
the clay is forced past the cutting wires.
Figure 1 (Sheet 2 of my Drawings) represents a partial side elevation and
vertical section of my improved rotary continuous action brick press; Fig. 2 is a
corresponding plan of the same, and Fig. 3 is an end elevation also corresponding
to Figure 1, looking at the driving end of the machine.

page_text: A, A, are two standards carrying bearings B, B, in which is mounted the driving
shaft C, provided with a driving pulley D and pinion E, the latter gearing into a
spur wheel F fast on the shaft G, which works in the bearings H, H, and carries
a coupling wheel I gearing into a corresponding wheel K of the same size fast on
the upper parallel shaft L. The shaft G carries a bevel pinion M, which gears into
a bevel wheel N fixed to the underside of the rotary table O, which carries the
several moulds P, P, and receives a continuous rotary motion in the direction of
the arrow.
The table O rotates freely round. a vertical shaft Q fixed into a boss
forming a part of the base plate. The same fixed shaft also carries a radial arm R
mounted loosely thereon above the surface of the table, and free to reciprocate to 1
and fro horizontally round the said shaft. The outer end of the radial arm R
carries a slide in which works vertically the slide of the top plunger S, provided
with a metal panel plate T fixed thereto, and forming the top or cover of each
brick mould as it comes round. This top plunger is maintained elevated by being
connected to a levor U working on a fulcrum at V, and having a spring Wattached
to its opposite end. The said plunger is forced down into the mould by the action
of a projection or tappet X on the end of the shaft L, whilst the bottom panel or
plunger T of the same mould is at the same time forced upwards by a corresponding
projection or tappet X' on the bottom shaft G, acting directly upon the slide of the
said bottom panel or plunger. The top panel T is lifted out of the mould and kept
clevated by the action of the lever U and spring W; but in case the spring should
fail to withdraw the plunger from the mould at the proper time, then it is lifted by
the passing over the boss of the tappet X of an inclined projection Y fixed to the
slide of the said plunger, as shown. The slides of the bottom plungers work in
guides bolted to the underside of the rotary table, and carry each at their lower
ends a roller Z, which travels over a fixed incline a, for the purpose of lifting and
delivering the brick after it has been pressed; b, b, are sliding pins in the table,
which are raised and lowered as required by means of small rollers c passing between
two fixed inclined cam surfaces d. After the top plunger has been lifted clear of
its mould the radial arm which carries it is pulled back by the action of a spring d' :
attached to the fixed arm d until it encounters a buffer stop e, in which position
it remains stationary until the next mould comes exactly under the top panel, by
which time one of the vertical sliding pins b is raised by the fixed cam surface d,
and by the rotation of the table is brought into contact with the side of the radial
arm K, thereby carrying it round with the table until the top and bottom plungers:
are both in a position to be acted upon by their respective tappets X and X', when
the pin b is withdrawn to a level with the top of the table and passes onwards
underneath the radial arm. Or if preferred, the radial arm itself may carry a
sliding pin, which may be withdrawn at the proper time by a projection on the
tappet X. The pressure having been simultaneously applied through the top and
bottom plungers by means of the tappets X, X', the top plunger is elevated clear of
the mould either by the spring and lever or by the action of the projection Y on the boss
of the tappet X, and the compressed brick is lifted to the surface of the table by the
bottom plunger travelling over the fixed incline a, when the attendant removes the
finished brick, a fresh lump of clay having in the meantime been supplied to the
next empty mould in advance. A fixed plough or knife f serves to remove any
superfluous clay standing above the level of the table before the mould arrives at
the proper position for pressing. Should a stone or other hard substance get into
the mould the shaft L carrying the top tappet X is allowed to yield or rise slightly
in its bearing H¹, strong springs g, g, being provided for that purpose pressing upon
the bearing and having a sufficient resistance for any ordinary pressure. If desired
the top or bottom plunger may be worked by steam or hydraulic pressure direct, or
through a lever acted upon by a steam or hydraulic cylinder mounted upon the
radial arm or other convenient part of the machine, in which case either or both
the compressing tappets X, X', may be dispensed with. The radial arm may
obviously be provided with a lid or cover plate for closing the top of each mould
as it comes under it in lieu of with a plunger entering bodily inside the mould.

page_text: Figures 4, 5, & 6 (Sheet 1) represent respectively a side elevation, a plan, and
a front elevation of a hand lever brick press constructed according to my Invention.
A is the framing of the press, which may be of any convenient form, and for the
convenience of transport may be mounted on runners B, B. In suitable bearings
in the side standards works a rocking shaft C provided with an actuating lever
bandle D fast thereon, and with a snail shaped toothed pinion E keyed, welded, or
otherwise secured to or formed on the said shaft. The teeth of this differential
pinion engage with corresponding teeth made in the lower end of a slide F working
in vertical guides between the standards of the press. The pitch line of the teeth
in the slide F forms a curve corresponding to that of the pinion, but in the reverse
direction, and is tangential to the straight portion of the rack, as shown clearly in
Figure 4. The teeth on the smallest radius of the pinion at a gear into those in
the straight portion of the rack at b, and the teeth in that part c of the pinion
which gradually increases in radius gear into the correspondingly outward curvod
portion d of the rack.
By this means when the smallest part a of the pinion is in action a slow and
powerful downward pressure is applied to the panel or pressing plate G connected
to the slide F and coinciding with the mould or press box H, but on reversing the
motion of the lever D to remove the pressure or lift the panel out of the mould
the slide F receives a quick return motion of gradually accelerated speed
from the fact of the larger radius c of the pinion coming into gear with the
curvilinearly disposed teeth d of the rack. I is a bottoni plunger fitted so as to work
in the mould or press box from below upwards for the purpose of expelling the
pressed article, such plunger taking its bearing on the fixed support e, and being
elevated by a projection on the slide or by a cam on the rocking shaft which
carries the differential pinion, or by other well known mechanical arrangements
actuated from the said shaft in such a manner as that the bottom plunger shall
follow up after the panel or pressing plate has risen clear of the mould box and
force out the compressed article, a balance weight being employed to keep the
slide F elevated. Although I have described and illustrated the application of the
said differential motion to a hand lever press, it is obviously equally applicable to
presses worked by steam or other power, and may be used either in an inverted or
in a horizontal position.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The peculiar construction and arrangement of self acting cutting and
delivery table, and the actuating mechanism connected therewith, wherein the bricks
are cut and delivered automatically onto a board placed on rollers connected
together by an endless web or chain, which rollers automatically deliver the board
with the cut bricks upon it direct onto a table, barrow, endless travelling band,
or other receiving surface, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
my Drawings.
Secondly. The delivery of the cut bricks from a cutting table onto a board which
is itself delivered with the cut bricks upon it direct onto a table, barrow, or other
suitable receptacle without being lifted, whether the cutting action has been effected
by passing the wires through the clay or by pushing the clay past the wires,
substantially as herein before described.
Thirdly. The peculiar combination and arrangement of parts constituting my
improved continuous action rotary brick press, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by Figures 1, 2, and 3 (Sheet 2) of my Drawings.
Fourthly. The construction of a continuous action rotary brick press, wherein a
single top lid or plunger is carried by a radial arm having a curvilinear reciprocating
motion, and is caused to operate successively upon or in the several moulds in the

page_text: table as they are brought under it, substantially as hercinbefore described and
illustrated by my Drawings.
Fifthly. The combination of the spring and buffer stop with moveable rising
and falling pins carried either in the continuous rotary table or in the radial arm
itself for the purpose of bringing such arm into the positions required and releasing
the same, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Sixthly. The combination of a continuous rotary table with a reciprocating
radial arm carrying a top plunger working in conjunction with a bottom plunger,
both plungers being acted upon simultaneously either by separato cams or tappets,
or by a single cain or tappet and direct steam or hydraulic pressure, as and for the
purpose herein before described.
Seventhly. The application and use to and in presses for compressing bricks and
like articles of the peculiar arrangement of differential rack and pinion motion,
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by my
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Dumbleton Pinfold, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of December, in the year of our