IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO THAT APPARATUS KNOWN AS "GIPFARDS' INJECTOR," AND IN THE ADAPTATION OF IT TO LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Patrick Stewart and John Robinson, of the
Firm "Sharp, Stewart, and Company," "Atlas Works," Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND APPLICABLE TO THAT APPARATUS KNOWN AS "GIPFARDS' INJECTOR,"
AND IN THE ADAPTATION OF IT TO LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILERS."
Sealed the 24th July 1863, and dated the 28th January 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Patrick Stewart
and John Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th January 1863.
"
We, CHARLES PATRICK STEWART and JOHN ROBINSON, of the Firm
'Sharp, Stewart, and Company," "Atlas Works," Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THAT APPARATUS KNOWN AS 'GIFFARDS'
INJECTOR, AND IN THE ADAPTATION OF IT TO LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILERS,"
to be as follows:-
There are certain, objections in using Giffards' injector, and by discoveries
which we have.niade we are enabled to remove them; that is, we can stop
the noise when working, prevent the admixture of air with the water passing
through the injector, and the loss or waste of water escaping from the over-
flow cavity, and can arrange so that the working of the apparatus can be
"brought more easily under the inspection of the driver or fireman in loco-
motive and other boilers. Some or all of these objections are removed by
each of the improvements herein-after mentioned.
3

page_text: Our improvements consist in applying a pipe to the overflow orifice, so that
the water therefrom will have to ascend the pipe, which is open to the
atmosphere at its upper end, or the pipe is first made to ascend and then
descend, its lower end being immersed in water.
Our Invention also consists in forming a cavity around and above the
as a reservoir for a portion of the overflow water.
Our Invention also consists in connecting the overflow orifice with the
pipe supplying water to the injector, placing a two-way tap between the
overflow and suction pipe, so that when the communication is shut between
the two the overflow will be open to the atmosphere, and when the overflow
is shut to the atmosphere it will open to the suction pipe. Two separate
taps may be used in place of one two-way tap.
Our improvements in arrangements for applying the injector to locomotive
and other boilers, so that its working will be better under the inspection of the
driver or fireman, consist in connecting the overflow orifice with the suction.
pipe, and fixing a tap to open or shut the communication between them, and
in joining a branch pipe to the connecting pipe, so as to ascend from it, the
upper end being open to the atmosphere.
Our improvements for this purpose also consist in arranging a pipe so as to
ascend from the overflow orifice, and in fixing a swivel spout at the upper end
of the pipe, so that the overflow water may be discharged either onto the road
or down a funnel at the upper end of a pipe descending to and forming a
junction with the pipe supplying water to the injector, and thus the waste or
overflow water can be returned to the tank, or mixed with the water passing to
the injector, except when the supply water is too hot, in which case the swivel
spout is turned, so as to allow the overflow water to run to waste. In tank
engines the overflow water from the injector may be easily returned to the
tank, but for engines with tenders it will be most convenient to return it to
the supply pipe, to save a separate coupling pipe with the tender.
1000.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
PATRICK STEWART and JOHN ROBINSON, of the Firm of "Sharp, Stewart,
& Company," Atlas Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineers, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Charles Patrick Stewart and John Robinson, Her special license, that we,
the said Charles Patrick Stewart and John Robinson, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Patrick Stewart and
John Robinson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
AND APPLICABLE TO THAT APPARATUS KNOWN AS "GIFFARDS' INJECTOR," AND IN
THE ADAPTATION OF IT TO LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Charles Patrick Stewart and John
Robinson, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals (or under
the hand and seal of one of us) should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
IN
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Patrick Stewart and John
Robinson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is
to say)-
There are certain objections in using "Giffards' Injector," and by discoveries
which we have made we are enabled to remove them; that is, we can stop the
noise when working, prevent the admixture of air with the water passing
through the "injector," and the loss or waste of water escaping from the
overflow cavity, and arrange so that the working of the apparatus can be
brought more easily under the inspection of the driver or fireman in locomotive
and other boilers; and besides removing the objections, we can feed cold or hot
water at the overflow cavity. Some or all of the objections are removed, and
the above-named advantages are secured, by each of the improvements herein-
after described.
Our improvements consist in forming a cavity around and above the nosles
of the injector as a reservoir for a portion of the overflow water. This is
shewn in Fig. 1, which represents a section of an injector; a, nosles; b, the

page_text: cavity or reservoir. This cavity will be sufficiently large in most cases to contain
all the water which may overflow for a moment at starting the injector, or
which may arise from any slight irregularity of action in the injector as the
water which overflows at one moment will be sucked up immediately after.
The cavity may be entirely closed to the atmosphere when working, but
supplied with a pet cock b', shewn in dotted line, so that a communication
can be opened with the atmosphere when starting the injector (a).
Our improvements also consist in applying a pipe to the overflow orifice, so
that the water therefrom will have to ascend the pipe which is open to the
atmosphere at its upper end, or the pipe is first made to ascend and then
descend, its lower end being immersed in water, or it is bent down and
immersed in water.
These improvements are illustrated by Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4, which are
elevations or outside views of the injector. Fig. 2 shows the pipe turned up;
it answers the same purpose as that modification of the injector shewn by
Fig. 1, to prevent loss by the "drip" or waste water from the overflow cavity;
Fig. 3 will answer the same purpose, and if the end of the pipe is immersed
in water will prevent the admission of air, and, under favourable circumstances,
feed the water instead; Fig. 4 shews an arrangement for preventing noise,
waste, or "drip," or the admission of air, and will feed water at the overflow
cavity instead of air. The pipe 2 is turned down into a cistern b³, containing
supply of water. c is the suction pipe.
Our Invention also consists in connecting the overflow orifice with the
suction pipe supplying water to the injector, placing a two-way tap between
the overflow and suction pipe, so that when the communication is shut between
the two the overflow will be open directly to the atmosphere, and when the
overflow is shut to the atmosphere it will be open to the suction pipe. Of
course two separate taps may be used in place of one two-way tap.
The manner in which this improvement is carried into effect is illustrated
by Fig. 5, shewing the application of the injector to a locomotive engine
and tender. c is the suction pipe leading from the tender to the injector (z),
and b is a pipe connecting the overflow orifice of the injector and the
snction pipe (c). The two-way tap (b5) is placed in this pipe, and it is turned
so as to open the communication either directly with the atmosphere
or with the feed pipe by a suitable handle (b) within reach of the driver
and fireman. As the injector will work when the overflow cavity is charged
with water, provided the water is open to the atmosphere, and as the hot
water discharged at the overflow cavity is again drawn in by the jet when
the injector is arranged according to our improvements it will be seen that

page_text: where hot water is available a quantity of it may be fed at the overflow
cavity. To do this it will only be necessary to adjust the steam and feed
water so that if the overflow cavity were open to the atmosphere it would
draw in the largest quantity of air, then instead of admitted air at the over-
flow cavity connect it with a tank open to the atmosphere and containing the
hot water; by this means a quantity of hot water will be carried along with the
jet into the boiler; hot water at about the ordinary boiling temperature may
be thus fed to the extent of twenty to thirty per cent. of the entire quantity
The water should be supplied
passing through the injector into the boiler.
either with a "head" or at about the level of the overflow orifice.
Our improvements in arrangements for applying the injector to locomotive
and other boilers, so that its working will be better under the inspection of the
driver and fireman, consist in connecting the overflow orifice with the sucking
pipe and fixing a tap to open or shut the communication between them, and in
joining a branch pipe to the connecting pipe so as to ascend from it, the upper
end being open to the atmosphere. This may be carried into effect by joining
an upright pipe to the connecting pipe (b) (see Fig. 5). placing a two-way
tap (65) at the junction of the two pipes, so that there will be a communication
through the tap between the overflow cavity, suction, and upright pipe, when
the injector is working (if required), but so that when the tap is turned the
communication between the overflow and suction pipe is closed but that
between the overflow and upright pipe left open. The upright pipe is made
to ascend so that its upper end will be a little above the highest level of
the water in the tank and so as to be easily observed by the driver or
fireman.
Our improvements for this purpose also consist in arranging a pipe so as to
ascend from the overflow orifice, and in fixing a swivel spout at the upper
end of the pipe, so that the overflow water may be discharged either on to the
road or down a funnel at the upper end of a pipe descending to and forming
a junction with the suction pipe of the injector, and thus the waste or overflow
water can be returned to the tank or mixed with the water passing to the
injector, except when the supply water is too hot, in which case the swivel
In tank
spout is turned so as to allow the overflow water to run to waste.
engines the overflow water from the injector may be easily returned to the
tank, but for engines with tenders it will be most convenient to return it to
the suction pipe to save a separate coupling pipe with the tender.
The object of this part of our Invention, as before stated, is to bring the
working of the injector better under the inspection of the driver or fireman,
so that he will see when the injector is working properly, and that the quantity

page_text: of steam is correctly adjusted, as there need not be any considerable overflow
if attention is paid to a correct adjustment of the steam.
This part of our improvements is illustrated by Fig. 6 of the accompanying
Drawings, showing the application of the injector to a locomotive with a
tender. b is the upright pipe from the overflow orifice having a swivel
spout 6 at its upper end, which can be brought over the funnel at the
upper end of another upright pipe b8. descending to the suction pipe c.
We have now particularly described the nature of our improvements, and
the manner of carrying the same into effect, and claim the several improve-
ments substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Charles Patrick Stewart, on my own
behalf, and on behalf of the said John Robinson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
CHARLES P. STEWART. (L.S.)