IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDBOARD AND PASTEBOARD
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WARREN
DE LA RUE, of Bunhill Row, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Hor
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the eleventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Warren De la Rue, my exors, adiñèrs, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Warren De la Rue,
my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Warren De
la Rue, my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully night make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDBOARD AND
PASTEBOARD," communicated to me from abroad; in which Letters Patent
is contained a proviso, that I, the said Warren De la Rue, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said

page_text: in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Warren De la Rue, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say
The Invention consists of certain modes of arranging or combining
machinery for applying paste to sheets of paper, and for facilitating their
accumulation in the manufacture of cardboard and pasteboard. Heretofore it
has been usual when making sheets of paper into cardboard and pasteboard
for the workman to apply paste by a hand brush, and to accumulate the sheets
into "pile," and then to subject the same to pressure; and in some cases
cardboard and pasteboard have been made by machinery by pasting several
webs of paper together before such webs of paper have been cut up into
sheets; and I mention these modes of manufacture in order that the nature
and extent of the present Invention may be more readily understood.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation of the machine, constructed according to
one part of the Invention; Figure 2 shows the other side.elevation thereof;
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section thereof; Figure 4 is a. plan thereof;
Figure 5 shows a cross section; and Figure 6 shows separately 'various views
of the apparatus, constituting what I call the grippers, by which the sheets of
paper are successively drawn through between the brush rollers and receive
paste to the surfaces, as hereafter explained. And it should be stated that the
same letters of reference are used to indicate the same parts in each of the
Figures. a is the table or platform on which the sheets of paper to be pasted
are placed, on which are placed shifting guage plates b, b', to facilitate the
placing of the paper correctly to be taken by the grippers, hereafter explained;
c is a plate, kept up by light springs, so as readily to give, way when pressed
on; the object of this plate is to raise the edge of the paper to an inclined
position, and allow of the under jaw of the grippers.coming. under the edge
of the paper. The grippers consist of the sliding frame d, the nature of which
is clearly shown in the Drawing; e being the upper moveable jaw, the arms of
which move on axes at e, e¹, the arms passing through openings in the frame d
so that the ends may come below that frame, and such ends are acted on by
springs f, with a tendency to keep the jaw e open. On the under side of the

page_text: frame & two sliding bolts 9, 9, are applied, the shape and nature of which are
clearly shown in the Drawings, and the use of such bolts is to cause the jaw
to close on the paper and to hold it for a time, and this closing of the
jawe of the grippers is effected by the ends g', g', of the bolts g, g, coming
under the ends of the arms which carry the moving jaw, and the moving jaw
is released at the proper time by the sliding back of the bolts g, g, so as to
allow the springs to open that jaw, all which will be hereafter explained. The
gripper frame moves between guides h, h, on either side of the framing of the
machine, and the grippers are moved to and fro, as hereafter explained. i is
the table on to which the paper as it is pasted is deposited by the working of
the machine, and such table is made capable to descend as the paper accu-
mulates thereon; j is another table on which unpasted paper is placed, which
a second workman places on the pasted. paper, as will be better understood
when I come to describe the manner of working the machine; k, l, are two
rotatory brushes for applying paste to sheets of paper, and it is between these
brushes that the grippers convey the sheets of paper; m is 'a trough containing
paste; is a roller, which constantly revolves in the paste, and brings the
same up to the lower brush, and the upper brush is supplied by coming in
contact with the lower brush; n' is an apron which spreads the paste on
the cylinder n, and the quantity of paste allowed to be brought upon the
surface of the roller n is regulated by the doctor or scraper n²; and in order
that paste may not extend over the face of the brushes to a greater width
than is required by the paper which is for the time being used, there are
two knives n³, n³, which scrape off the paste from the lower brush to the
width desired, the knives n³ being capable of adjustment on the trough. The
machine receives motion in the following manner :-o is the main or driving
shaft which receives motion from a strap acting on the drum o¹; such strap,
being driven by a steam engine or other power. On the axis o is the pinion o³,
which takes into and drives the cog wheel p fixed on the axis p', on which axis
there is fixed a bevelled toothed wheel p², which takes into and drives the
bevilled toothed wheel q on the axis q', there being fixed on such axis q' the
bevilled toothed wheel q", which takes into and drives the bevelled wheel r on
the crank axis r, from which, by means of the connecting rod s, motion is com-
municated to the arm t fixed on the axis't', on which are also fixed the arms
t, t, which, by means of the connecting rods to, give a to and fro movement to
the gripper frame, and the grippers are closed and opened in the following
manner-On the bevelled wheel r is a stud, which alternately strikes the
levers u and v. The lever is fixed on the axis u', and on the same axis are
fixed two arms u², u², which, coming against the studs on the sliding bolts of

page_text: the gripper frame, move those bolts and cause the moveable jaw of the grippers
to take hold of the paper at the proper interval. The lever v gives motion to
the connecting rod w, which is attached to the arm a on the axis a', on which
axis are affixed two arms a, a, which come in contact with the studs of the
sliding bolts of the gripper frame, and thus at proper time removing the bolts,
so as to allow of the springs opening the moveable jaw of the gripper. The
table i is caused to descend in the following manner:-y, y, are racks, which
are acted on by the pinions y¹ on the axis y², on which is fixed the cog wheel y³,
into which the pinion y' on the axis y' works. On the axis y is fixed the
ratchet wheel yo, which receives motion in the following manner :- is a driver
on the lever z', and motion is communicated to the lever by means of the
connecting rod ³, such connecting rod being actuated by a crank pin on the
axis of the conical drum (2), such conical drum receiving motion by a strap
from the conical drum (1), fixed on the shaft or axis p². y is a drum on the
axis y'; this drum is acted upon so as to prevent the axis turning to cause
the table to descend, except when acted upon by the driver, by means of the
friction block y³, attached to the weighted lever y; and should it be found
that the table i does not descend fast enough, it may be caused to descend any
required distance by simply lifting the lever y', and the table i is raised when
required by releasing the driver and turning the handle 710 on the axis y³.
(3) is a roller on which one end of a blanket is fixed; the blanket passes partly
around the roller (3), then passes over the open sliding frame (4), which is
shown in its place in the machine, and separately in other Figures of the
Drawings, by which its construction will be readily undestood, and then the
other end of the blanket is fixed at (5). The frame (4) is constantly drawn
towards the right-hand end of the machine by the weighted cord (6), and the
said frame (4) is drawn towards the left-hand end of the machine when the
gripper frame goes to take a fresh sheet or sheets of paper, in the following
manner: On the axis r is affixed the cam 7, which is so arranged, that when
the frame 4 is required to move to the left it may act upon to depress the
lever 8, to which is attached the strap 9, the other end of which passes partly
round the drum 10 on the axis 11, on which is affixed the drum 12, to which
is attached one end of the strap (13). The other end of this strap (13) is
attached to and passes partly round the drum 14 on the axis of the roller (3).
In working this machine, a quantity of sheets of paper is to be placed at a*,
and another quantity of sheets of paper is also to be placed at j, and two
persons are to attend to the machine; and if it be desired to paste sheets in
"two's," then the grippers are to take two sheets at each movement through
between the roller brushes, by which each sheet will have only one of its sur-

page_text: faces coated with paste, the under of the two sheets having its under surface
coated with paste, and the upper sheet will have its upper surface coated with
paste, and the grippers in going to the right-hand end of the machine will
assume the position shown by the red lines. The sheets of paper being sup-
ported at one end by the grippers and at the other end by the blanket frame (4),
and the grippers being then opened as described, the paper will be let,
go, and
that end of the paper will fall on to the paper previously on the table i; the
grippers will then be moved towards the left-hand end of the machine, and
when the frame (4) goes back towards the left-hand end of the machine the
paper will fall on to that previously on the table i. The workınan will then
place two sheets of unpasted paper from the table; on to the pasted paper, and
thus will the sheets be pasted in "two's"; but it should be stated, that as the
sheets of paper pasted by the roller brushes will be prevented taking paste
where the grippers take hold of the paper, the workman in taking the sheets
of unpasted paper from j, before he places the same on to the paper on the de-
scending table i, places the edges of the two sheets which are to come towards
the right hand against the roller brushes, so that those edges of the otherwiso
unpasted paper receive paste, and thus make up for the unpasted state of the
edges of the other sheets which are taken hold of by the grippers. Should it
be desired to paste in threes, then only single sheets will be passed between
the roller brushes, and thus each sheet will be pasted on both sides, and the
other workman will in this case, as in the previous case, take two unpasted
sheets of paper for each pasted single sheet; and if it be desired to accu-
mulate more than three sheets, the workman will continue to cause single
sheets to be passed through between the brushes till the accumulation is to the
desired extent, when the other workman will apply two unpasted sheets, and
the accumulation of pasted sheets will again go on. Or, in place of the work-
meu accumulating, as last above explained, each workman may continue to add
single sheets till the accumulation desired is obtained, then by either of the
workmen feeding two sheets he will cause one accumulation to be complete
and form the comniencing sheet of the next accumulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS B.
Another combination of mechanical parts into a machine, according to the
Invention, is shewn in plan, side view, and longitudinal section at Figures 7, 8.
and 9, in which Figures the same letters are used to indicate similar parts.
a is the main or driving shaft, which receives motion by a strap from a steam
engine or other power; on this shaft is fixed a roller or cylinder b, which dips
into a trough c, containing paste, and the quantity it is allowed to take up on

page_text: its surface is guaged by the moveable plate d, which is adjustable by screws,
as shewn. e is another cylinder or roller, which receives paste by coming in
contact with the paste on the surface of the lower roller; f,f, are two tapes on
the lower roller, and 9, 9, are two tapes on the upper roller; these tapes are for
conducting the paper away as it passes through between the rollers; these tapes
are set so as to come on the paper near the edges, and are therefore adjustable
in order to suit different widths of paper; h, h, are two rollers, which carry the
tapes f,f. 9, 9, as shewn; and the pulleys i, i, which control the positions of the
tapes, are adjustable on the bars j,j, the pulleys being kept to their position
and so as to keep the tapes tight by weights h, k, as shewn. In this machine
there are three platforms; one for the paper, which is to have paste spread
thereon; another with paper, which is to be placed on the pasted paper; and
the other a descending table, on which the sheets of paper as they receive
paste by the machine are by the workman to be placed. is the table on to
which the sheets of paper to be pasted are placed; m is the table on to which
the paper is placed which is to be applied by the workman on to the sheets of
pasted paper coming through the rollers from the table 1; and n is the table
for receiving the sheets of paper as the same are pasted; o is an endless apron,
on to which the workman places the sheets of paper from the table 1, and he
places the right-hand edge near the rollers, so that a short movement of the
apron will carry the edge of the paper, so as to be taken in by the revolution
of the rollers. Motion is communicated to the apron o, (which is carried by
two rollers o', o³, as shown) in the following manner:-The two rollers b,c,
are geared together by wheels p, p, and the axis of the upper roller has
affixed thereon a cog wheel q, which takes into and drives the cog wheel 2, which
revolves freely on the main or driving shaft or axis, and the wheel r makes only
one revolution for two of the wheel q. On the wheel is fixed a projecting stud,
to which the connecting rods s, t, are attached. The rod s gives motion to the
lever u, which moves freely on the axis of the roller o', and the lever u by a
driver u¹ gives motion to the ratchet wheel v, fixed on the axis of the roller o',
so that the apron o will be advanced a distance for each revolution of the wheel 1°.
The rod t gives motion to the lever w, which moves freely on the axis, and
the lever w by the driver w¹ gives motion to the ratchet wheel w³, fixed on
the axis a, and on the axis a is fixed a screw a¹, which takes into and gives
motion to the screw wheel y, which has a female screw through its nave, by
which female screw the table n is lowered progressively as the pasted paper
accumulates on that table, and there is a handle a on the axis a, by which
the workman may lower or raise the table n independently of the working
of the machine. In using this machine two persons will be engaged, one

page_text: sheets of pasted paper with sheets of unpasted paper will be the same as
described in respect to the previous machine.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS C.
I will now describe another arrangement of mechanical parts into a machine,
which, like the two previous machines, is also arranged with the object of
pasting sheets of paper by machinery, in contradistinction to pasting sheets
of paper by hand. In this machine, one of the peculiarities is the use of a
series of rollers for laying on paste in a similar manner to that usually prac-
tised for laying on ink to type in printing machines. Figures 10, 11, 12,
and 18 show two side views, a plan, and a longitudinal section of this machine.
In each of these Figures the same letters of reference are used to indicate
similar parts. a, b, c, are three tables. On the table a a quantity of sheets
of paper is placed, and from this table a workınan successively takes the
paper and places it on the table b in a position to be taken by the grippers,
hereafter explained, and another workman receives the sheets as they come
from the machine, and he places them on the table c. d is the main or
driving shaft, which receives motion from a steam engine or other power by a
strap acting on the fixed drum e. On the shaft or axis d is fixed the cog
wheel f, which takes into and drives the cog wheel 9 on the axis h, on which
is fixed a drum i. On the drum i are applied tapes j, j, such tapes passing
partly round the roller k, as shown; these tapes serve to conduct the paper
away from the drum i. The paste is put into the trough 1, and m is a roller
constantly revolving in the trough, from which the paste is conducted to the
surface of the drum i, as hereafter explained, and the quantity of the paste
taken on the surface of the roller m is regulated by the scraper m². Motion
is communicated to the roller m by means of the band n from the pulley n¹
on the axis of the drum i. The paste distributing rollers o, o, o, are carried
by the two levers p, p, which move on axes at p', p', and the lovers p, p, at
their upper ends are combined by the bar p². The axis of the drum i
passes
freely through openings in the levers p, so that the levers p may move to and
fro on their axes. On the axis of the drum i is fixed a boss 9 with a groove
in it, into which the end of a screw pin 2, which passes through a projection
on one of the levers p, enters, so that as the drum i revolves, the levers
move to and fro, giving an endway motion to the rollers o, o. These rollers
o, o, are formed first as ordinary printing rollers, and then covered, first with
oilskin and then with a jacket of woollen felt. On the levers p, p is fixed the
brush s, which aids in spreading. the paste on to the drum i. The paste is
P

page_text: transmitted from the roller m to the drum i by means of the roller t, mounted
on the arms t', fixed on the axis t³, and motion is communicated to the axis t
by means of two cams u, u, fixed on the axis of the drum i. One of the
cams 16 is to move the connecting rod v in one direction, and the other in
the opposite direction, so that thereby the roller t is alternately moved to and
from the roller m and drum i. The connecting rod v embraces the axis of
the drum i; the other end of the connecting rod is attached to the arm t
of the axis t, and the cams u, u, come against the trucks v', vl, of the con-
necting rod v, so as to move it to and fro, as before stated. w is the gripper
axes, moving in bearings in a recess in the drum i, and on one end of the
axis w is affixed the pinion a, which takes into and is driven by the cog
wheel y on the axis y', which is fixed to the framing of the cylinder i. On
the cog wheel y is fixed the stud y, which, coming against the fixed instru-
ment, puts the wheel y in motion, which in its turn gives motion to the
pinion on the axis of the grippers, and thus are the grippers closed on to.
the edge of the paper, and tho paper is thereby conducted on the surface of
the drum i under the distributing rollers o, o, which receive paste from the
drum i, and communicate it to the sheet of paper, and the grippers are
released from their hold on the paper by the stud y coming against the fixed
instrument 2, which partly turns the wheel round, and consequently the
axis w of the grippers, and the paper will be released and received by the
workman, who will deposit it on to the table c, the paper in this machine
receiving paste only on one side, and therefore the accumulation will be made
accordingly; if for "two's," two sheets will be fed in together, and if for
"threes," the workman will alternately add one and then two. I would a
remark that the first two machines are principally suited for strong sheets of
paper, and the last for fine or thin sheets of paper.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would remark that I do not confine
myself to the details shown so long as the peculiar character of the Invention g
be retained, whereby sheets of paper have paste applied thereto by machinery
and the accumulation thereof facilitated, as explained; and I would have it
understood that what I claim is, the so arranging and combining of mechanical
parts into a machine, as to apply paste to sheets of paper and to facilitate
the accumulation thereof in the manfacture of cardboard and pasteboard.
In witness whereof, I, the said Warren De la Rue, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.
3
WARREN (L.S.) DE LA RUE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of September, in the
year of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid Warren De la Rue came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
5 written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord Onc
thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.