A MEANS BY WHICH IRON OF EVERY KIND MAY BE PROTECTED AGAINST THE ACTION OF THE WEATHER, AND OF VARIOUS CORRODING SUBSTANCES, SO THAT IRON THUS PROTECTED WILL ANSWER FOR ROOFING, FOR CISTERNS, BATHS, GUTTERS, WINDOW FRAMES, TELEGRAPHIC WIRES, FOR MARINE AND VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES, AND BY WHICH BRASS AND COPPER MAY BE SIMILARLY PROTECTED
Year: 1854

page_text: of Kildare, Ireland, Professor, for the Invention of "A MEANS BY WHICH
IRON OF EVERY KIND MAY BE PROTECTED AGAINST THE ACTION OF THE WEATHER,
AND OF VARIOUS CORRODING SUBSTANCES, SO THAT IRON THUS PROTECTED WILL
ANSWER FOR ROOFING, FOR CISTERNS, BATHS, GUTTERS, WINDOW FRAMES,
TELEGRAPHIC WIRES, FOR MARINE AND VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES, AND BY
WHICH BRASS AND COPPER MAY BE SIMILARLY PROTECTED."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Nicholas Callan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declara-
tion, on the 21st July 1854, pursuant to the 9th section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
I, NICHOLAS CALLAN, of Maynooth College, in the County of Kildare,
Ireland, Professor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A
MEANS BY WHICH IRON OF EVERY KIND MAY BE PROTECTED AGAINST THE ACTION OF
THE WEATHER, AND OF VARIOUS CORRODING SUBSTANCES, SO THAT IRON THUS PRO-
TECTED WILL ANSWER FOR ROOFING, FOR CISTERNS, BATHS, GUTTERS, WINDOW FRAMES,
TELEGRAPHIC WIRES, FOR MARINE AND VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES, AND BY WHICH
BRASS AND COPPER MAY BE SIMILARLY PROTECTED," and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
statement, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in coating iron of any kind, copper, and brass with an

page_text: alloy of lead and tin, in which the quantity of lead is at least twice or three
times as great in weight as that of tin.
My Invention consists, secondly, in coating iron, copper, and brass with an
alloy of lead, tin, zinc, and antimony.
Thirdly, in coating iron, copper, and brass with an alloy of tin and
antimony.
Fourthly, in coating iron, copper, and brass with an alloy of tin with any
two of the other three metals.
Iron of every kind, copper, and brass are thus protected against the action
of the weather, and of various corroding substances.
Iron, copper, or brass may for this purpose be coated with any of the above-
mentioned alloys, by first coating them with tin, or with an alloy of tin and one
or more of the other metals, in which alloy the quantity of these metals is
small or moderate comapared with that of tin, and then dipping the coated iron,
brass, or copper into the molten lead or antimony, or into any of the aforesaid
alloys in a molten state.
Or, after being properly cleaned and prepared, iron, brass, and copper may
be coated at once, by dipping them into any of the said alloys whilst these
alloys are in a liquid state. The iron, brass, or copper may be cleaned and
prepared in the way in which iron is prepared, in order to be coated with tin
or zine. Wetting iron, after it has been cleaned with chloride of zinc, or with
a solution of salammoniac, or with a mixture of both, and copper and brass
with chloride of zine, makes them combine with the said alloys.
When the alloy consists of tin, lead, and zinc, the quantity of lead should
be considerably greater than that of zinc or tin; and I prefer that the quantity
of lead should be five or six times as great as that of tin or zinc, and that the
quantity of tin and zine should be equal or nearly equal to each other. I prefer
that in general (except as herein-after partly excepted), in all the foregoing
combinations, the quantity of lead should be five or six or seven times as great
as that of tin; and I recommend that the quantity of zinc or antimony do not
exceed that of tin, except in cases in which the coated metal is exposed to the
action of substances of great corroding power, when the quantity of antimony
should excceed that of tin, and might be equal to or greater than the quantity
of lead, and the quantity of lead is in such cases diminished in proportion
to the increase of that of antimony.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not mean or
intend to confine myself to the exact modes and proportions hercin-before
described.

page_text: But
Firstly, the coating of iron, brass, and copper with an alloy of lead and tin,
in which the quantity of lead is at least twice or three times as great by weight
as that of tin.
Secondly, the coating iron, brass, or copper with an alloy of load, tin, zinc,
and antimony.
Thirdly, the coating iron, brass, or copper with an alloy of tin and antimony.
Fourthly, the coating iron, brass, or copper with an alloy of tin with any
two of the other three metals.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nicholas Callan, have hereunto set my
hand and affixed my seal, the Twentieth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered in
the presence of
JOHN NETTLETON,
5, Malpas Street,
Dublin.
NICHOLAS CALLAN. (L.s.)