Used in what is called Incandescent Gas Lighting.
Year: 1886

page_text: Used in what is called Incandescent Gas Lighting.
J, ARTHUR PAGET of Loughborough in the County of Leicester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
"
A difficulty has been experienced hitherto in the transport of "Mantles" from the
maker to the consumer after they have been fully prepared for the consumer by being
incinerated and kept in a state of incandescence until they have attained their full
power of light giving on account of the fragility of the mantles and their consequent
inability to withstand "shocks or "jars." In order to obviate this great difficulty I
temporarily strengthen the mantle by impregnating it and coating it with some suitable
substance that will adhere to the mantle and strengthen it during transport the said
substance being such that when the mantle is placed in position over the gas-burner
by the consumer the substance will burn off or can be burned off so as to leave the
mantle when incandescent able to exercise its full power of light-giving.
One method of strengthening the mantle in accordance with my invention as above
indicated is to immerse it in a solution, of a resinous or glutinous or farinaceous
substance in a liquid, the mantle is then removed from the solution and can be dried
by evaporating the liquid the mantle will then be left impregnated with and coated by
the stregthening substance which can be afterwards burned off as herein described.
Another method is to immerse the mantle in a melted substance from which the
mantle can be removed so as to leave it impregnated and coated with the substance
in a fluid state, the substance when hardened by cooling will strengthen the mantle
as before mentioned and the substance can be subsequently burned off as herein
described.
Another method is to immerse the mantle in a melted substance which is then
allowed to cool and solidify. When desired this substance can be again melted and the
mantle can be removed therefrom leaving it coated as before mentioned which coating
can be subsequently burned off as herein described.

page_text: To carry out the method first mentioned I find that a solution of shellac in spirits
of wine or naptha produces very good results-but in some cases if desired a solution
of starch in water or glue in water may be used.
To carry out the method secondly mentioned I find that paraffin-wax gives good
results. To carry out the method thirdly mentioned I find that tallow or paraffin-wax
gives good results.
It will be evident that in carrying out any of the three methods herein before named
other suitable substances may be used besides those described, but those described will
be found to give thoroughly good results, and it is not necessary to enable these
methods to be well carried out, to enumerate all the other similar substances which
can be used.
To remove any of these coating substances it is only necessary to place the mantle
in position over the burner and then to apply a light to the lower part of the mantle
and the coating if inflammable (as those previously described are) will burn off and
then if the burner be lighted the great heat from the burner will speedily remove all
traces of the strengthening coating and this will render the mantle able to exercise
its full power of light-giving. It may sometimes be desirable after a mantle has been
suspended over a burner in the manner described or referred to in the specification of
my former application for Letters Patent No. 8709 dated 2 July 1886 to prevent the
mantle from oscillating upon its point of suspension. In such a case I fix the wire
attached to the top of the mantle to the "crane-neck" or suspending-hook, by placing
upon the junction or point of contact between the wire and the hook one or more
drops of one of the well known solutions of glass, then after evaporating the liquid
part of the solution the remaining glass will be vitrified and the wire handle of the
mantle will be cemented to the suspending hook at the point of suspension, but when
desired the wire attached to the mantle can be separated from the suspending hook by
breaking the small cementing film of glass when it is cold.
Dated this 4th day of Santumhan 1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Used in what is called Incandescent Gas Lighting.
I ARTHUR PAGET, Mechanical Engineer of Radmoor, Loughborough in the county
of Leicester do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of this invention is to temporarily strengthen "Mantles" for transport
and in certain cases when desired to prevent them from oscillating when in use over
the burner.
The first part which I will describe relates to a method of temporarily strengthening
the "Mantles" (after they have been duly incinerated and burnt into condition) by
immersing them in a solution composed of a resinous, glutinous or farinacious substance;
disolved in, or mixed with a suitable liquid, as a rule I prefer to use a solution of
shellac in Spirits of Wine or rectified Naptha and I find that a suitable solution for
general use is obtained by dissolving, 2 ozs. of shellac in 3 ozs. of Spirits of Wine or
Rectified Naptha, but in some cases, where a greater or less strength may be required,
a slightly different proportion may be desirable.
In some cases I use a solution of starch in water and in others a solution of Glue in*
water. In both these latter cases I add sufficient water to the starch; or glue to
produce a moderately liquid solution. Having prepared the solution, the incinerated
"Mantle" is thoroughly immersed in it, and then taken out and hung up to drain &
dry, when it will be found to be sufficiently strong (when suitably packed) to withstand
all reasonable "shocks" "jars &c." that it may have to encounter during transport
from the manufacturer to the consumer, and when it is required for use & placed over
the burner, and the burner is lighted, the coating will at once burn off.
The second part which I will describe relates to a method of temporarily
strengthening "mantles" by immersing them in a melted substance from which they
can be removed while hot so as to leave them impregnated and coated with the
substance in a fluid state, then they are hung up to drain and dry, when the substance
hardens and they are thereby strengthened for transport. The substance which I
prefer to use for this method of strengthening is paraffin wax, but Beos-wax, or
tallow & other similar substances are all more or less suitable.
The third part which I will describe relates to a method of temporarily strengthening
"mantles" by immersing them in a melted substance, which is allowed to cool and
solidify with the "mantle" in it. Paraffin-wax, Bees-wax Tallow or other similar
substance may be used for this purpose. The" mantle' being embedded in the solid
substance can be readily sent any distance, by any ordinary means of transport,
without fear of damage: When required for use the surrounding substance can be
melted and the "mantle" released and the coating of the substance (which will

page_text: naturally adhere to the "mantle") will at once burn off when the gas under the
"mantle" is lighted.
In carrying out any of the hereinbefore described methods of temporarily
strengthening "mantles" for transport, it will be evident that there are many other more
or less suitable substances, that might be used, besides or in place of those I have
named, but those I have described will be found to give thoroughly good results, and
to enable these methods to be well carried out, it is not necessary to enumerate all the
other substances that might be used.
To remove any of the herein before described coatings of strengthening substances
it is only necessary to place the "mantle" in position over the burner and then to
apply a light to the lower part of the "mantle" and the coating if inflammable (as
most of those herein before described are) will at once burn off, and then if the
burner be lighted the great heat from the flame will speedily remove all traces of the
strengthening coating and the "mantle " will at once be restored to its condition of
full lightgiving power, as before being strengthened.
It may sometimes be desirable (after a "mantle" has been suspended over a burner
in the manner described or referred to in the specification of my former application
for Letters Patent No. 8709 dated 2nd July 1886) to prevent the "mantle" from
oscillating upon its point of suspension. In such a case I fix the wire ("or Bucket-
handle") attached to the top of the "mantle" to the "
"
crane-neck
$
or suspending-
hook" by placing upon the junction or point of contact between the wire and the hook,
one or more drops of one of the well known solutions of glass, then after evaporating
the liquid part of the solution, the remaining solid will be vetrified by the heat from the
gas, and the wire handle of the "mantle " will be cemented to the suspending hook at
the point of suspension, but when desired the wire attached to the "mantle"
separated from the suspending hook by breaking the small cementing film of glass
when it is cold.
can be
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood that I
do not confine myself to the exact details herein set forth, as such may be varied or
modified without departing from the principle thereof; but what I claim as my
Improvements in the manufacture of what are known as "mantles used in what is
called Incandescent Gas Lighting, are:-
"
"
First. The method of temporarily strengthening
"
mantles for transport by
impregnating and coating them with a resinous, or a glutinous, or a farinacious
substance dissolved in a liquid, which can be afterwards burned off, substantially as
herein described.
Second. The method of temporarily strengthening "mantles" for transport by
impregnating and coating them by immersion in a melted substance such as Paraffin-
wax, Bees-wax, or Tallow, which can afterwards be burned off, substantially as herein
described.
Third. The method of temporarily strengthening "mantles" for transport by
immersing them in a melted substance which is afterwards cooled and solidified with
the "mantle" in it, substantially as herein described.
Fourth. The method of fixing the wire handle of the "mantle " to its "Crane-neck'
or supporting-hook, by applying a solution of glass to the point of contact which is 4
afterwards vitrified by heat, substantially as herein described.
Dated this 2nd dex of Tam 1007

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 3rd June, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 5th July, 1887.
Used in what is called Incandescent Gas Lighting.
I, ARTHUR PAGET of Loughborough in the County of Leicester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A difficulty has been experienced hitherto in the transport of "Mantles" from the
maker to the consumer after they have been fully prepared for the consumer by being
incinerated and kept in a state of incandescence until they have attained their full
power of light giving on account of the fragility of the mantles and their consequent
inability to withstand "shocks or "jars." In order to obviate this great difficulty I
temporarily strengthen the mantle by impregnating it and coating it with some suitable
substance that will adhere to the mantle and strengthen it during transport the said
substance being such that when the mantle is placed in position over the gas-burner
by the consumer the substance will burn off or can be burned off so as to leave the
mantle when incandescent able to exercise its full power of light-giving.
One method of strengthening the mantle in accordance with my invention as above
indicated is to immerse it in a solution, of a resinous or glutinous or farinaceous
substance in a liquid, the mantle is then removed from the solution and can be dried
by evaporating the liquid the mantle will then be left impregnated with and coated by
the stregthening substance which can be afterwards burned off as herein described.
Another method is to immerse the mantle in a melted substance from which the
mantle can be removed so as to leave it impregnated and coated with the substance
in a fluid state, the substance when hardened by cooling will strengthen the mantle
as before mentioned and the substance can be subsequently burned off as herein'
described.
Another method is to immerse the mantle in a melted substance which is then
allowed to cool and solidify. When desired this substance can be again melted and the
mantle can be removed therefrom leaving it coated as before mentioned which coating
can be subsequently burned off as herein described.

page_text: To carry out the method first mentioned I find that a solution of shellac in spirits
of wine or naptha produces very good results-but in some cases if desired a solution
of starch in water or glue in water may he used.
To carry out the method secondly mentioned I find that paraffin-wax gives good
results. To carry out the method thirdly mentioned I find that tallow or paraffin-wax
gives good results.
It will be evident that in carrying out any of the three methods hereinbefore named
other suitable substances may be used besides those described, but those described will
be found to give thoroughly good results, and it is not necessary to enable these
methods to be well carried out, to enumerate all the other similar substances which
can be used.
To remove any of these coating substances it is only necessary to place the mantle
in position over the burner and then to apply a light to the lower part of the mantle
and the coating if inflammable (as those previously described are) will burn off and
then if the burner be lighted the great heat from the burner will speedily remove all
traces of the strengthening coating and this will render the mantle able to exercise
its full power of light-giving. It may sometimes be desirable after a mantle has been
suspended over a burner in the manner described or referred to in the specification of
my former application for Letters Patent No. 8709 dated 2 July 1886 to prevent the
mantle from oscillating upon its point of suspension. In such a case I fix the wire
attached to the top of the mantle to the "crane-neck" or suspending-hook, by placing
upon the junction or point of contact between the wire and the hook one or more
drops of one of the well known solutions of glass, then after evaporating the liquid
part of the solution the remaining glass will be vitrified and the wire handle of the
mantle will be cemented to the suspending hook at the point of suspension, but when
desired the wire attached to the mantle can be separated from the suspending hook by
breaking the small cementing film of glass when it is cold.
Dated this 4th day of September 1886.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Used in what is called Incandescent Gas Lighting.
I ARTHUR PAGET, Mechanical Engineer of Radmoor, Loughborough in the county
of Leicester do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of this invention is to temporarily strengthen "Mantles" for transport
and in certain cases when desired to prevent them from oscillating when in use over
the burner.
The first part which I will describe relates to a method of temporarily strengthening
the "Mantles" (after they have been duly incinerated and burnt into condition) by
immersing them in a solution composed of a resinous, glutinous or farinacious substance;
disolved in, or mixed with a suitable liquid, as a rule I prefer to use a solution of
shellac in Spirits of Wine or rectified Naptha and I find that a suitable solution for
general use is obtained by dissolving, 2 ozs. of shellac in 3 ozs. of Spirits of Wine or
Rectified Naptha, but in some cases, where a greater or less strength may be required,
a slightly different proportion may be desirable.
In some cases I use a solution of starch in water and in others a solution of Glue in
water. In both these latter cases I add sufficient water to the starch, or glue to
produce a moderately liquid solution. Having prepared the solution, the incinerated
Mantle" is thoroughly immersed in it, and then taken out and hung up to drain &
dry, when it will be found to be sufficiently strong (when suitably packed) to withstand
all reasonable "shocks" "jars &c." that it may have to encounter during transport
from the manufacturer to the consumer, and when it is required for use & placed over
the burner, and the burner is lighted, the coating will at once burn off.
The second part which I will describe relates to a method of temporarily
strengthening "inantles" by immersing them in a melted substance from which they
can be removed while hot so as to leave them impregnated and coated with the
substance in a fluid state, then they are hung up to drain and dry, when the substance
hardens and they are thereby strengthened for transport. The substance which I
prefer to use for this method of strengthening is paraffin wax, but Bees-wax, or
tallow & other similar substances are all more or less suitable.
The third part which I will describe relates to a method of temporarily strengthening
"mantles" by immersing them in a melted substance, which is allowed to cool and
solidify with the "mantle " in it. Paraffin-wax, Bees-wax Tallow or other similar
substance may be used for this purpose. The "mantle" being embedded in the solid
substance can be readily sent any distance, by any ordinary means of transport,
without fear of damage: When required for use the surrounding substance can be
melted and the "mantle released and the coating of the substance (which will

page_text: naturally adhere to the "mantle") will at once burn off when the gas under the
"mantle" is lighted.
In carrying out any of the hereinbefore described methods of temporarily
strengthening "mantles" for transport, it will be evident that there are many other more
or less suitable substances, that might be used, besides or in place of those I have
named, but those I have described will be found to give thoroughly good results, and
to enable these methods to be well carried out, it is not necessary to enumerate all the
other substances that might be used.
To remove any of the herein before described coatings of strengthening substances
it is only necessary to place the "mantle" in position over the burner and then to
apply a light to the lower part of the "mantle" and the coating if inflammable (as
most of those hereinbefore described are) will at once burn off, and then if the
burner be lighted the great heat from the flame will speedily remove all traces of the
strengthening coating and the "mantle will at once be restored to its condition of
full lightgiving power, as before being strengthened.
"
"
It may sometimes be desirable (after a "mantle" has been suspended over a burner
in the manner described or referred to in the specification of my former application
for Letters Patent No. 8709 dated 2nd July 1886) to prevent the "mantle
" from
oscillating upon its point of suspension. In such a case I fix the wire ("or Bucket-
handle") attached to the top of the "mantle" to the "crane-neck" or "suspending-
hook by placing upon the junction or point of contact between the wire and the hook,
one or more drops of one of the well known solutions of glass, then after evaporating
the liquid part of the solution, the remaining solid will be vetrified by the heat from the
gas, and the wire handle of the "mantle" will be cemented to the suspending hook at
the point of suspension, but when desired the wire attached to the "mantle
separated from the suspending hook by breaking the small cementing film of glass
when it is cold.
can be
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed. I desire it to be understood that. I
do not confine myself to the exact details herein set forth, as such may be varied or
modified without departing from the principle thereof; but what I claim as my
Improvements in the manufacture of what are known as mantles used in what is
called Incandescent Gas Lighting, are :-
66
"
First. The method of temporarily strengthening "mantles" for transport by
impregnating and coating them with a resinous, or a glutinous, or a farinacious
substance dissolved in a liquid, which can be afterwards burned off, substantially as
herein described.
Second. The method of temporarily strengthening "mantles" for transport by
impregnating and coating them by immersion in a melted substance such as Paraffin-
wax, Bees-wax, or Tallow, which can afterwards be burned off, substantially as herein
described.
Third. The method of temporarily strengthening "mantles" for transport by
immersing them in a melted substance which is afterwards cooled and solidified with
the "mantle" in it, substantially as herein described.
Fourth. The method of fixing the wire handle of the "mantle" to its "Crane-neck"
or supporting-hook, by applying a solution of glass to the point of contact which is
afterwards vitrified by heat, substantially as herein described.
Dated this 2nd day of June 1887