CERTAIN IMPROVE-
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Augustin Barral, Officer of L. d'H', Chemist,
& Louis Adolphe Cochery, Land Owner, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidelité,
Paris, in the Empire of France, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
"
Sealed the 22nd March 1864, and dated the 4th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Augustin Barral
and Louis Adolphe Cochery at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th November 1868.
We, JEAN AUGUSTIN BARRAL, Officer of L. d'H', Chemist, & LOUIS ADOLPHE
COCHERY, Land Owner, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidelité, Paris, in the Empire
of France, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention relates to an improved process of making manure, and
consists in incorporating powdered mineral phosphate with powdered baked
plaster, in the proportion of about 25 per cent., and mixing this powder with
a liquid consisting of a solution of salts, suitable to the requirements of the
soil and culture to be carried out. For land to be used for the growth of
corn, wheat, barley, oats, rye, and other similar plants, we prefer using a
sulphate of ammonia and nitrate of soda, which are dissolved in water. The
proportions to be employed for forming the solution are about 15 parts of

page_text: water, 8 parts of nitrate of soda, and 8 parts of sulphate of ammonia. The
solution is poured into the two herein-before stated powders, and the whole
being well mixed together is placed in heaps to dry, broken up, and put in
sacks. For soils that are poor in alkali, it is advantageous to add one or two
parts of carbonate of potass, common salt, chloride of sodium, chloride of
magnesium, crystals of soda (carbonate of soda) may also be put in the
same liquid in various proportions, as the case requires; liquids containing
organic matters, such as blood, gelatinous liquids, ammoniacal waters, and
various acid waters, are either substituted or conjointly employed. The pro-
portion of necessary plaster varies with the richness of the mineral phosphate
and with the proportions of the organic, saline, and azotic composition which
it is necessary to place in immediate contact with each molecule of the
phosphate of lime. The proportions herein laid down may be varied according
to circumstances.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Augustin Barral and Louis Adolphe Cochery in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th May 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JEAN
AUGUSTIN BARRAL, Officer of L. d'H, Chemist, and LOUIS ADOLPHE COCHERY,
Land Owner, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Jean Augustin Barral and Louis Adolphe
Cochery, Her special license that we, the said Jean Augustin Barral and
Louis Adolphe Cochery, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Jean Augustin Barral and Louis Adolphe
Cochery, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Jean Augustin Barral and Louis Adolphe

page_text: Cochery, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jean Augustin Barral and Louis
Adolphe Cochery, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is
to say :-
Our Invention consists in incorporating by means of powdered baked plaster
in certain proportions powdered mineral phosphates, and mixing these powders
with a liquid consisting of a solution of salts suitable to the requirement of
the soil and culture to be carried on. The superphosphates which contain only.
phosphate of tribasic lime and sulphuric acid are scarcely used in England.
The real superphosphate employed alone is generally manufactured with a
mixture of organic matters, mineral phosphate, powdered bones, and sulphuric
acid, to which also à mixture of azotized and alkaline salts is added, therefore
each particle of this kind of manure is very complex. From this observation
it is evident that the efficiency of the phosphate of lime so introduced in the
soil depends on the assistance given to its solubility by the organic matters and
by the several alkaline or ammoniacal salts which are found in them. It has
been found by experiments that the phosphate of tribasic lime, which is nearly
insoluble in pure water, becomes more soluble in ammoniacal or saline
liquids, and also in liquid impregnated with carbonic acid. The hydrated
sulphuric acid used in manufacturing the superphosphates causes the mixture.
of the phosphates with all other saline or azotized matters, such as blood, flesh,
bones, ammoniacal salts, &c. The sulphuric acid besides with lime, (either the
phosphate itself or the carbonate of lime, which is always united to the latter,
produces the sulphate of lime or plaster, which by its absorbing the water.
solidifies the whole and explains why the matter poured out from the mixing.
apparatus in a liquid state solidifies within two or three days. This result is.
of the greatest importance, as it permits of operating on a dry matter which
is easily separated into small grains and put in sacks instead of casks;:
however the sacks are soon destroyed by the excess of acid still remain.
ing in the manure. From what precedes it will be easily understood that:
a large saving and greater simplicity can be effected in the manufacture, of:
manure without using. sulphuric acid, by introducing in its composition the

page_text: necessary elements under a form rendered convenient for the assimilation
by the plants.
Our manures, though producing the same effects as those obtained from the
superphosphates, are nevertheless distinguished from them on account of their
superior advantages, and in consequence we call them phospho-niters. To
manufacture them we pour successively on the mineral or any other phosphates,
concentrated solutions prepared by heat or in a cold state, of either nitrate
of soda, sulphate of ammonia, carbonate of potash, or of any salts con-
taining useful and fertile principles, according to the kind of manure to be
produced, or we pour liquid blood or any of the other solutions or liquid con-
taining organic or azotized matters or others. The whole is well mixed, and
the necessary quantity of baked plaster added by fractional parts to form the
bi-bydrated sulphate of lime with the whole of the water contained in the
liquids. The mixture being well effected we leave it to repose, and when
settled and dried it is crushed into powder, and the phospho-niter will be ready
to be employed, being proper to be assimilated by plants. For the growth of
corn, wheat, barley, rye, the sulphate of ammonia and nitrate of soda dissolved
in water must always be employed for manufacturing phospho-niters.
For soils deficient in alkali we add advantageously one or two parts of
carbonate of potash. Salt (chloride of sodium), chloride of magnesium,
crystal of soda (carbonate of soda), may, according to the cases and in small
proportions be put in the same liquid. The several liquids containing organic
matters, such as blood, gelatinous liquors, ammoniacal waters, solutions pre-
pared by the boiling of guano or oil cakes, several acidulated waters, can
be conveniently employed instead of water. By the application of the same
principles we manufacture gypso-niter, which is far more advantageous for
sown grass than the common gypsum.
According to our Invention all the elements capable of being assimilated by
the plants are put under a new form, to be sown without the danger of being
immediately swept away by rain or decomposed by drought. If a mineral or
any other phosphate is employed at the same time with the baked plaster, the
organic or saline matters are combined by the transformation of the anhydro-
plaster into bi-hydrated plaster. The proportions of plaster vary according to
the quantity of water contained in the solutions or liquors of the organic,
saline, or azotized compositions which it is useful to employ or to place in
immediate contact with each molecule of the phosphate of lime or of any other
body which it may be advisable to combine with them, as they are considered
as serviceable to the plants. We prepare manure with more azotized or
alkaline salts for the growth of corn than for peas, kidney, and other beans,

page_text: trefoils, and vegetables. The alkaline salts must predominate on the azotized
salts and receive more phosphate when the manure is to be employed
for roots.
Having now particularly described our Invention, and the best means of
performing the same, we wish to state in conclusion that we do not, confine
ourselves to the proportions or details in the modus operandi herein-before
described, as the same may be varied without deviating from the principle of
our Invention, but what we claim as new and intended to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the process of solidifying
certain substances in a liquid state, and rendering them useful to the growth
of plants, by combining them with the phosphate of lime and baked plaster
transformed into a bi-hydrated sulphate of lime, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jean Augustin Barral and Louis
Adolphe Cochery, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-
ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
Hr. GILBEE,
10, Rue de la Fidélité,
Paris.
(L.8.)
J. A. BARRAL.
L. A. COCHERY. (L.S.)