matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Årrange- MENT OF PARTS AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS OR VESSELS, WHEREBY THEY ARE RENDERED UNSINKABLE, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Thomas Miller at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st November 1873.
I, ARCHIBALD THOMAS MILLER, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Navigating Lieutenant, Royal Navy, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Årrange-
MENT OF PARTS AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS OR VESSELS, WHEREBY THEY ARE
RENDERED UNSINKABLE, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO RAISING
SUNKEN VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is that of rendering vessels carrying
cargo or passengers incapable of being submerged or sunk; or if by
negligence or unforseen circumstances such vessels should founder of
providing a means of raising them.
-
The novelty of the Invention may be thus described :-I construct
a vessel in compartments which can at will be rendered perfectly air-
tight. Each compartment, or the whole of them, is provided with
pumps, or their equivalent, worked by hand or steam power, which
will be capable of forcing air into such compartments up to a pressure

page_text: superior to the pressure of the water on the external surface of the
vessel.
To prepare the vessel or compartments for the reception of air under
pressure the holds containing the cargo are closed up by air-tight
hatches; the air is then pumped or forced in, up to, and maintained
at a given pressure which must be in excess of the external pressure
of water, so that in the event of an opening being made in the vessel
below water line the superior pressure of air internally will resist and
overcome the external pressure of water and so prevent the influx of
the same.
The cabin and berths to which the passengers resort may be enclosed
so as to be air and water tight.
The air necessary for the occupants is supplied and exhausted by
means of pumps or other equivalent, thereby enabling such compart-
ments to remain dry during the roughest weather.
In the event of vessels of this description foundering from negligence
or unforseen circumstances, the aperture through which the water
entered will, when closed by divers, enable air to be forced into the
compartments of such vessel, which will expel the water, and so give
a buoyancy that will enable the vessel to rise to the surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR KNOBS AND SPINDLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gardner and Henry
Jennings at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th July 1878.
We, WILLIAM GARDNER, of No. 87, Oumberland Street, Birmingham,
and HENRY JENNINGS, of No. 48, Spring Hill, Birmingham, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR
KNOBS AND SPINDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in door knobs and
spindles. For this purpose we form the spindle in two parts, and in one
of the parts we make at one end a series of transverse notches. The
knob or handle has within its socket a corresponding transverse tooth,
and when the knob or handle is placed on the spindle the tooth is
caused to enter one or other of the notches. The knob is then secured
by inserting into its socket on the side opposite to the tooth one end of
the second part of the spindle, which is of about the same length as the
first part, and is taper. This portion of the spindle acts as a filling piece
or key to prevent the tooth escaping from the notch, and to lock the
knob fast

page_text: If desired there may be two teeth in place of a single tooth within the
socket of the knob. The other end of the spindle receives an ordinary
knob with a tap screw, which screws into a tapped hole passing through
the first part of the spindle. The tap screw when inserted forces the two
parts of the spindle apart the one from the other as far as the socket in
the knob will admit, and so without requiring much care in fitting the
knob at this end also becomes securely fixed so that it cannot shake
upon the
dle
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BICHROMATE OF POTASH OR SALTS OF SIMILAR COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Gow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1873.
I, ALEXANDER Gow, of 117, Ladbroke Grove Road, Parish of
Kensington, County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BICHROMATE OF POTASH OR SALTS OF SIMILAR COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES," to be as
follows:-
The object of my said Invention is to produce the salt bichromate of
potash, or a salt which shall have similar commercial properties, by a
cheaper process than at present.
1st. My first improvement consists in using ground carbonate of lime
(unburnt) instead of quicklime for decomposing the ground chromate of
iron ore.
The lime I prefer to use is commonly called Irish limestone,
and contains a high per centage of carbonate of lime.
2nd. My second improvement consists in using for combination a
compound salt formed of carbonate of potash with carbonate of soda, or
with the ordinary soda ash of commerce. The proportions may be

page_text: varied, but what I find gives a good result in practice is one part
carbonate of potash with three parts carbonate of soda, or instead of the
three parts carbonate of soda, two parts of soda ash may be used.
3rd. My third improvement consists in using instead of the foregoing
compound salt a compound salt formed of sulphate of potash, with
sulphate of soda and carbonate of barytes, or a compound salt formed of
sulphate of potash with carbonate of barytes.
The ordinary manipulation of the manufacture I have not detailed, as
that is well understood, but I have stated the improved materials I use
instead of those in common use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HANSOM CABS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1878.
I, ALFRED WALKER, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Coach Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN HANSOM CABS," to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object the construction of cabs of this class
in such manner as to provide greater facility for ingress and egress, and
for the better balancing or more equal adjustment of the weight of such
vehicles.
I construct the door in one piece (that is, not divided and forming two
small doors as usual), the door is curved in the direction of the
passengers' seats to such radius as to afford most room, and such door is
mounted on hinges which admit of the door being folded forwards on to
or against the splashboard. The door is cased or made hollow, and the
window being of the same radius is received within the casing of the
door, so that the overhanging windows or side folding windows as now
employed are dispensed with.

page_text: For the purpose of balancing or adjusting the weight of the vehicle I
attach one end of the side springs to a supporting hinge or radiating
arm, the other end of the side springs is attached to the back spring by
a fixed "cross shackle." The back spring is attached to the "front
stay," the feet of the "hind stay" are received. in and work or slide
within recesses formed in slotted rails or bearings attached to the under
side of the body of the vehicle. A chased or screwed rod passes through
a block attached to the back spring, and a chased block secured to the
under side of the vehicle, through which the chased or screwed rod
works, for adjusting the weight of the vehicle, by moving the same
forward or backward as desireable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND GENERAL ARRANGENENT OF LOCKS OR APPARATUS FOR LOCKING AND UNLOCKING RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER DOORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wellington Rhoades,
and Joseph Barrett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th May 1873.
We, GEORGE WELLINGTON RHOADES, of No. 9, Ruthven Street,
Broadway, South Hackney, London, and JOSEPH BARRETT, of No. 12,
Bedford Terrace, Old Ford Road, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND GENERAL
ARRANGENENT OF LOCKS OR APPARATUS FOR LOCKING AND UNLOCKING RAILWAY
CARRIAGE AND OTHER DOORS," to be as follows :-
―
Our Invention has for its object the locking and unlocking of railway
carriage and other doors so arranged as to be entirely under the control
of the guard or other person in charge of the same, and for this purpose
we attach to each door a lock or fastener, which lock or fastener can by
means of a cord or chain be either opened or fastened.
In the case of a railway train we propose running a cord or chain
from the guard's van or break throughout the entire length of the train,
and in the van or break we fix an apparatus for tightening or releasing
the said cord or chain. Immediately upon the guard tightening the

page_text: cord or chain the whole of the locks or fasteners are brought into action
and all the doors secured. By reversing the operation upon the arrival of
the train at a station or platform the bolts of the locks are withdrawn,
either by means of a spring or otherwise, and the doors left free to open.
And in order that our Invention may be most fully understood we
will proceed to describe the Drawing hereunto annexed.
1
and all the doors secured. By reversing the operation upon the arrival of
the train at a station or platform the bolts of the locks are withdrawn,
either by means of a spring or otherwise, and the doors left free to open.
And in order that our Invention may be most fully understood we
will proceed to describe the Drawing hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1 is a side view or elevation of a guard's van or break and part
of a railway carriage showing the doors fitted with improved locks or
fasteners.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the lock or fastener; Fig. 3 an end view
of same.
A is the lock; B, the cord or chain which passes under the pulley or
wheel C and over the pulley D; E is a bell-cranked lever on to one
end e of which is attached the pulley C, the lower end f presses against
the back of lock bolt F; G is a spring by means of which the
bolt F is withdrawn as soon as the cord or chain B is released; H is a
knob or handle attached to bolt F so that should the spring break or
fail the bolt F may be withdrawn by hand; I is a plate to carry the
outer ends of the two pulleys C and D, and in which is a slot i for the
pin c to work in; K is the winding pulley attached to guard's van or
break.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Green at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
May 1873.
I, WILLIAM GREEN, of 92, Croft Street, Hyde, in the County of
Cheshire, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES,'
to be as follows:-
"
Breaks for railway and other carriages have been constructed
hitherto so as to apply the pressure of their frictional surface upon the
periphery of the wheel or wheels of the carriage, or upon the axletree
thereof, or upon a friction wheel ſixed thercon or in connection therewith.
And although many varieties of form and actuating parts have been
from time to time employed, yet at the present the "break" in ordinary
use operates by gradually stopping the revolution of the wheel, and then
allowing the same to skid along the slips or metals. By the use of
which method two evils at least result.
Firstly. That during the process of stopping the revolution of the
wheels while the train is still in motion, a considerable amount of

page_text: torsion of the axletree is brought into operation, which in the case of a
weak or faulty construction may in time result in an accident.
And, Secondly. As the surface of contact of the skidded wheels with
the rails is very small, the retardation of speed is small in proportion
to the amount of break power employed.
To remedy these presumed defects and to effect my improvements I
employ a "break" having no necessary connection with the wheels or
axletrees whatever.
I construct my improved break of wood, iron, or any convenient
substance, with an amount of straight instead of curved frictional
surface, which surface is caused by suitable mechanical appliances to
press downwards directly upon the surface of the metals or rails upon
which the wheels travel. This may be performed in various ways, but
by preference I form the break with its outer ends curved upwards for
the purpose of riding over projections or obstructions, and then fix the
same to a moveable frame fitted into a slide of suitable strength, such
frame or it may be the break itself to take the form of a flange or not as
may be found most convenient. The upper portion of the break frame
is then attached to a strong spring or some other slightly yielding or
elastic substance, and from thence connected to the ordinary or any
suitable apparatus for pressing down the break, by which means the
wheels or axletrees may be relieved of break pressure entirely, or they
may be used in conjunction with my improved method, whereby a con-
siderable amount of frictional surface is presented to the metals, thus
bringing the train or carriage to a standstill in much less time and
distance than the break in ordinary use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASES FOR CONTAINING CLOCKS OR OTHER APPARATUS HAVING DIALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Thomas Sutton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th September 1873.-A communication from abroad by Carlton
W. Roberts, of Chicago, in the County of Cook, and State of
Illinois, United States of America.
I, FREDERICK THOMAS SUTTON, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASES FOR CONTAINING CLOCKS OR OTHER APPARATUS HAVING
DIALS," a communication to me from abroad by Carlton W. Roberts, of
Chicago, in the County of Cook, and State of Illinois, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
:-
The Invention has two objects in view in connection with the present
improvements, viz., first, enabling a clock contained in the improved
construction of case to be readily set plumb, and retained in position
when once fixed without the trouble of readjustment; and, secondly,
enabling the dial of the clock or other instrument having an external
dial from the position it assumes in such case to be readily viewed
from situations where it would otherwise be difficult or impossible to
see it.

page_text: As an example I will proceed to describe the Invention as applicable
to clocks.
The improvements consist in making the clock case of a triangular
shape, so that it can be hung at the corner of a room, or at the junction of
two walls, in which position its front or face will form a line diagonal with
such walls. The triangular formed case is sufficiently large to contain
the usual sized works with a face no larger than a case made in the
ordinary way. This construction of case lessens the cost of making the
clock consequent upon the sides of the case next the wall not requiring
the veneering and finish they otherwise would when left exposed, the
only portion of the clock requiring ornamentation being the front or
face.
The clock when placed in the corner of the room with its face or dial
in a diagonal position is easily seen and read from any part of the room,
and by reason of a support from two walls instead of one it assumes
without adjustment a perpendicular position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKING OVENS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1873.-A communication from abroad by Jesse
Albert Locke, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKING OVENS,” a
communication, to be as follows:-
=
The object of this Invention is the production of an oven of limited
capacity suitable for family baking and other purposes, which shall be
cheap of construction, effective, economical as regards fuel, and give
a good top as well as bottom and general baking surface or exposure.
The said oven is constructed as follows:-The baking chamber
is provided with a gate or door in front. The walls or main body of the
oven are built of brick or masonry, but the bottom of the baking
chamber is preferably of tiles, and the roof of the said chamber is formed
of a plate of thin sheet metal supported by cross rods or braces which

page_text: thus not only serve to stay or hold the side walls of the oven, but also
to sustain the roof of the baking chamber.
The flame and gaseous products of combustion pass from the furnace
along a central horizontal lower flue toward the back of the oven, and
through number of side openings into further horizontal chambers or
flues arranged along either side of the flue, and thence through back
openings into outside horizontal flues; along these they pass toward tho
front of the oven again, and escapo up vertical corner flues in the front
of the oven into upper horizontal sido flues over the roof of the baking
chamber; along the said flues they pass toward the back of the oven and
through openings into and along an upper horizontal central fluc to the
chimney or outlet in front. This arrangement of the several flue gives
a perfect circulation and distribution of the heated gases or products of
combustion both above and below the baking chamber, and by reason of
the thin sheet metal roof to said chamber a most effective top baking
surface is obtained.
AN IMPROVED ATTACHMENT OR COVERING FOR BOATS FOR PROTECTING THE OCCUPANTS FROM THE WAVES, SUN, AND RAIN
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT. to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVED ATTACHMENT OR COVERING FOR BOATS FOR PROTECTING
THE OCCUPANTS FROM THE WAVES, SUN, AND RAIN." -A communication
from abroad by John Resco Adams, of Oakland, County of Alameda;v
"
Poul
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his "Petition
and Declaration, on the 22nd October 1873, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
wan
Tick
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting..
17
algi
: WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ATTACHMENT OR COVERING FOR BOATS FOR PROTECTING THE OCCUPANTS FROM♪ THE

page_text: tightly the cover E. The side covering C is of the same material as
top E, and riveted or otherwise applied along the outer top rails of the
boat A. When not in use it is rolled up and secured by straps or cords
d to be quickly disconnected, and after unrolling and stretching be
hung to hooks a. Its upper edge is strengthened by suitable lining, or
provided with eyes for the hooks, as may be found most convenient.
When the sea is heavy the side covering will add a great deal to the
safety of the persons in the boat by keeping the water out that would
otherwise fill and sink the boat. It protects also, together with the top,
against the wind, heat, and rain, and may therefore be a means of saving
many who would otherwise perish by the exposure.
1
The top cover E can easily be rolled up and stored away in some con-
venient place of the boat if not needed, so that not too much room is
occupied by it, though a great deal is added to the safety and efficiency
of the lifeboat.
Having described the nature of the Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as new, and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is, the upright supports B having adjustable
hooks a and notches 6 combined with lateral pieces D, having top and
side coverings C, E, as and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
5
Witness,
HENRY W. DEWEY,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
A. M. CLARK. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANU- FACTURE OF HORSES' SHOES TO ENABLE AND ENSURE A HORSE'S SAFE AND QUICK TRAVELLING IN EITHER FROSTY OR SILPPERY WEATHER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert George Cardozo at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th February 1873.
I, HERBERT GEORGE CARDOZO, of 2, Bath Place, Junction Road,
Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANU-
FACTURE OF HORSES' SHOES TO ENABLE AND ENSURE A HORSE'S SAFE AND QUICK
TRAVELLING IN EITHER FROSTY OR SILPPERY WEATHER," to be as follows:-
This my Invention has for its object the construction of horse-shocs so
made that in frosty or slippery weather there is no necessity for
removeing or takeing off the said shoes to rough them, such operation
often being attended with injury to horses by pricking or otherwise hurting
them, and is so very simple that the driver or any person in charge of a
horse can in a few seconds more effectively rough a horse than if it
where taken to a farrirer's and roughed; but yet is easily and quickly
removed when required, thereby ensureing a great saving both of time,
labour, and expence, and also the wear of the horses' feet by constant
nailing, which Invention I describe in the following manner:-On the
side or sides befor or behind, or wherever is preferable as the case may

page_text: be, I purpose haveing a projecture or projectures on the shoe as shown
at A, Fig. 1, in which projecture is a squar or otherwise shaped hole for
the insertion of a rough, Fig. 2, which rough, is so made as to fit in the
hole A up to the shoulder B, and being made with a screw C or other-
wise suitable appliance at the end above the part that fits the hole,
which if it be a screw is provided with a nutt, Fig. 3, so that by placeing
the rough in the hole A and then securing it with the aforesaid nutt or
its equivalent, the same being done to all four of the shoes. The horse
is then rough and ready for work, the whole of the opperation occupying
but about three muinits. In case where a horse steps whide I would
have a projecture on either side of the shoe, as shown in Fig. 4.
Haveing thus described the nature and object of my Invention,
what I clame and desire to be secured to me is, the improvement in the
construction or manufacture of horse-shoes, substantially as herein-befor
described and shown on Drawings or any like modfication or imatation
thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING AND CRUSHING STONES, ORES, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Henry Goodman, of Penrose Street,
Newington, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention
of “IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING AND CRUSHING STONES, ORES,
AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
Scaled the 14th April 1874, and dated the 17th October 1873..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Henry Goodman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th October 1873.
İ, GEORGE HENRY GOODMAN, of Penrose Street, Newington, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING AND CRUSHING
STONES, ORES, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," to be as follows :—
The object of my said Invention is the construction of a simple but
powerful and effective machine for breaking stones, crushing orcs, and
breaking and crushing other similar hard substances.

page_text: The said Invention consists in peculiar mechanism whereby a very
powerful pressure is brought to bear in a very advantageous manner
upon the stones, ores, or other substances to be broken or crushed.
In carrying my said Invention into practice I construct the machine
with a strong frame of cast iron or other suitable material and of the
proper form to support firmly the various parts of the mechanism. On
this frame I mount a fixed jaw and movable jaw between and by which
the stones, ores, or other substances are placed to be crushed or broken.
These jaws are made of chilled cast iron .or other suitable metal. The
said movable jaw is suspended at its upper end upon a strong bolt or rod
fixed in the frame, and is capable of vibrating on the said bolt toward
and away from the fixed jaw. At the back of the said vibrating jaw I
place a lever whose fulcrum is a strong pin or bolt also securely fixed in
the main frame. This lever is formed with a shoulder or projection
which bears and works against a shoulder on the back of the said
vibrating jaw. The free extremity of this lever rests upon the periphery
of a cam or excentric, and by the rotation of the same the said lever
receives a to-and-fro motion which it imparts to the vibrating jaw, and
by the action of the latter the stones or other substances are crushed or
broken. The said excentric is operated by toothed wheels or other
suitable gearing from the main shaft of the machine.
In some cases I combine with the above described mechanism a disc
mill for grinding the stones or other substances broken or crushed in the
said machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING SILK FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whiston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
September 1873.
I, WILLIAM WHISTON, of Langley, near Macclesfield, in the County
of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING SILK FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a combination of what is known as "hot
wax printing" with the process of dyeing silk with aniline colors,
whereby I am enabled to obtain white or colored spots or other patterns
upon a colored ground.
For producing white spots or other patterns on a colored ground I
print the spots or design upon white silk fabric by the well-known
process called "hot wax printing," I then dye the fabric the desired
aniline color in cold water (instead of hot as usual), and the spots or
pattern printed as above described will resist the dye. After the cloth
is dyed the required shade and dried I pass it through a bath of benzine,
benzoline, benzole, or other spirit obtained from coal tar or petroleum,

page_text: and this process removes the wax from the cloth leaving the spots or
pattern clear white without injuring the brilliancy of the color.
When colored spots or patterns are required I first dye the fabric the
colour of the spots or pattern, and when dried I print on the wax. I
then dye the cloth the ground color (in cold dye) which must be such a
shade as will cover the former dye, and after again drying the fabric
pass it through the benzoline or other coal tar or petroleum spirit to
remove the wax as before.
IMPROVED 'DISCONNECTING' OR 'DISENGAGING' APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO LOWERING SHIPS' BOATS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Dunn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1873.
I, RICHARD DUNN, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon, Blacksmith,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
'DISCONNECTING' OR 'DISENGAGING' APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO LOWERING SHIPS'
BOATS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction and arrangement
of apparatus capable of being used for lowering and disengaging
ships' boats, and for other purposes, in connection with which it is
desirable that ropes or other appliances for retaining suspended or
connected bodies and other weights should be readily released or dis-
engaged.
The apparatus consists of two parallel metallic plates or checcks
connected with each other by transverse pins or bolts or other suitable
means, and having formed in the upper or lower part thereof oblique or
parallel slots exactly corresponding with each other and adapted to
receive a ring or hook or any other appliance which it may be desired
to retain in position. Between the parallel checks is placed a lever

page_text: pivoted thercon by means of a transverse pin or pivot on which it is free
to turn, one end of such lever being in the form of a hook. The other
end of the lever extends considerably beyond the pivot, and by reason of
its superior weight, and also with the assistance of retaining springs, and
the manner in which the lever is mounted on the pivot, causes the former
to retain the desired position, the hollow of the book being then across
or at right angles with the upper part of the slots in the checks, thus
acting as a "mousing," whereby the ring or hook placed in the latter is
firmly retained. When it is desired to release the ring or hook the lower
end of the lever is actuated by any suitable means, so as to describe a
portion of a circle, whereby the hollow of the lever hook and the slots in
the parallel checks will be brought into coincidence when the ring or
hook will be released.
The apparatus may be fixed in any desired position for effecting the
objects for which it is intended.
The lowering apparatus consists of a pulley block, the outside checks
of which are extended so as to project beyond the sheaves, and which
extended portions are connected by a bolt or pin over or round which
the "fall" of the rope is passed one or more times, thus acting as a break
to the rope and enabling the boat to be readily lowered with a very small
amount of manual labour.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TOBACCO PELLET FOR CHARGING SMOKING PIPES, AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1873.
I, GEORGE JONES, of Cirencester, in the County of Gloucester,
Surveyor and Auctioneer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED TOBACCO PELLET FOR CHARGING SMOKING
PIPES, AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME," to be as follows: —
The object of this Invention is the production of a pellet of tobacco
by a peculiar process of pressing cut tobacco into suitable forms or
shapes without any external wrapper or covering.
the
I produce my said pellet by taking a quantity of cut tobacco, adapted
to the size of pellet required, and place it in a metal mould of the required
shape, and firmly compress the tobacco therein by means of a wood
or other rammer, having a sharp pointed pin at the end thereof;
pellet is then ejected from the mould by any ordinary means, and may
be used at once or be packed in paper tubes prepared for the purpose,
for sale or otherwise.
i

page_text: The object of the sharp pointed pin at the end of the rammer is to
pierce the pellet during its formation, and thus assist the draught in
smoking the tobacco.
By the use of my improved pellet a pipe can be easily and instantly
charged without any waste, or soiling or staining the hands, and the b
draught can be regulated at pleasure by simply pressing the pellet more
or less firmly in the bowl of the pipe.
•
At present tobacco when moderately pressed into the pipe bowl, and
in being smoked, is burned by a fire through it; my improved pellet
is gradually and regularly consumed by a fire around its external 1
surface, except the bottom end, the said pellet being placed in a pipe
bowl rather larger than itself, thus ensuring the perfect combustion
of the tobacco, the cleanliness of the pipe, the purity of the aroma
of the tobacco, a cool smoke, and the comparative absence of un-
inhaled smoke, thereby rendering the smoking of tobacco less obnoxious 1
to non-smokers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCHOOL DESKS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Frederick Pells at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th April 1873.
I, SAMUEL FREDERICK PELLS, of Beccles, in the County of Suffolk,
Gothic and School Fitting Furniture Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCHOOL DESKS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved form of school desk which is so
arranged as to combine a sloping writing desk, a flat table, and also a
bracket or back for seat and book board for services, the various arrange-
ments of which are shown by the annexed Drawing.
The desk is composed of the standards with book board attached and
brackets affixed to and carrying the sloping top of the desk, the former
being drilled to receive 3 spring bolts or catches on each standard; the
brackets are also drilled with corresponding holes and so arranged that
by swivelling the sloping top it may be readily made to take and be
fixed in either of the three positions shown on the Drawing.
The book board or part in which the ink bottles are placed is a
fixture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND STRIKING PLATES FOR THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th Sep-
tember 1873.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of Cassland Crescent, South Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND STRIKING PLATES FOR THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in making the tongue of locks to work on
the outside of the lock in such manner that the works of such locks can
be boxed up to prevent dust or dirt getting in to mix with the oil,
and obstruct the due performance of such works, the tongue and
follower I prefer to make of one piece.
I form projections or horns on the follower which actuate the springs
when the follower is turned; I sometimes make the tongue of the lock to
lift up into a perpendicular position and retain it there by friction; in the

page_text: striking plates I form a catch or stop which is made to rise or fall in
front of the tongue of the lock in such manner that the opening through
which the tongue of the lock passes in shutting the door is reduced in
length, and the door cannot be opened until the tongue of the lock is
lifted up.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUT NAIL MACHINERY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Grimshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
September 1873.
I, DAVID GRIMSHAW, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUT NAIL
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
"
My Invention consists in the application of a self-acting apparatus to
cut nail machines for feeding the "screeds or strips of metal to the
cutters, saving thereby a considerable amount of time and experienced
labour, and is as hereafter described.
On framework and in bearings in front of the nail cutting machine
(which may be of ordinary construction) I mount a tube which I call a
feed tube. To this feed tube a reciprocating rotary motion is imparted
by means of a disc provided with an adjustable crank pin.
I mount the disc for imparting the required motion on a shaft in
bearings, by preference, at the back of the nail cutting machine from
which it derives its motion.

page_text: In order to transmit the required reciprocating rotary motion I provide
a shaft in bearings in front of the nail cutting machine; on one end is
keyed a bevil wheel (which gears into another bevil wheel on the feed
tube), on the outer end a crank provided with a crank pin, which I
couple to the disc by means of a connecting rod, through which the 5
motion is transmitted to the tube.
The feed tube allows the "screed" or strip of metal to be carried
down the inside thereof by a clamp towards the cutters. The clamp
may be moved forward by a weight or its equivalent, for the purpose of
keeping the screed or strip of metal up to its work. I provide an 1
intermittent stop motion, whereby the progress of the clamp is arrested
when required.
In order to keep the "screed" or strip of metal up to the side gauge,
which is at present done by hand, I apply another side gauge actuated
by a spring or equivalent means. I provide a cam or eccentric in 1
connection with the feed tube, whereby it is raised simultaneously with
the turning over of the "screed." The framework carrying the feed tube
is mounted on a pivot. By this arrangement the whole may be moved
clear of the cutting tools for the purpose of examining them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLEACHING POWDER, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wigg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1878.
I, CHARLES WIGG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Alkali
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLEACHING POWDER, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to obtaining chlorine, and the
subsequent use of the same to react upon lime to produce bleaching
powder. I take hydrochloric acid as delivered from the converting
chambers employed by Messieurs Hargreaves and Robinson, in their
well known direct action method of manufacturing sulphates of soda or
potassa, or I take hydrochloric acid from any source, whether obtained
as a bye-product or otherwise, and pass it with atmospheric air into a
heated closed retort or chamber containing pieces of pumice stone or
other refractory material. The quantity of air admitted or forced into
the heated retort or chamber is regulated to the strength of the acid.
The pumicestone or other refractory material is heated to about 1500°
Fahrenheit. From the said closed retort or chamber I convey the

page_text: product of the decomposition, which is now chlorine, into a chamber
containing lime on shelves, or into a series of chambers hereafter
described, containing lime and agitators.
The second part of my Invention consists of the closed retort or
chamber for containing the pieces of pumicestone or other refractory
material. The said retort or chamber which may be cast or moulded in
one or more pieces, or built up is of any desired form, has provision for
inlet pipes for hydrochloric acid gas and atmospheric air, and an outlet
pipe to convey away the chlorine. These pipes are provided with valves
or taps for regulating the supply and exit. When air is admitted at
pressure into the closed retort or chamber the end of the pipe may be
formed into a jet and the entering äir caused by lateral induction to
draw in the hydrochloric acid gas.
The third part of my Invention consists of a series of chambers con-
nected one with the other by passages. These chambers contain lime,
and are fitted each with agitators serving to throw up the lime and bring
it into contact with the chlorine. The chlorine enters into the first
chamber of the series, and travels thence through the passages and the
other chambers of the series.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING OR PROTECTING IRON AND STEEL SHIPS OR VESSELS FROM CORROSION AND FROM THE ADHESION THERETO OF ANIMAL AND OTHER MATTER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smedley, John Brad-
bury, and Thomas Hall at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th September 1873.
We, THOMAS SMEDLEY, of Holywell, Engineer, and JOHN BRADBURY,
of Walwen, near Holywell, Manufacturing Chemist, both in the County
of Flint, and THOMAS HALL, of Stockport, in the County of Chester,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING OR PROTECTING IRON AND STEEL SHIPS
OR VESSELS FROM CORROSION AND FROM THE ADHESION THERETO OF ANIMAL AND
OTHER MATTER," to be as follows :-
The said improvements consist in the application of copper yellow
metal or other metallic sheathing in combination with block tin, lead,
or other metal or compounds of metals of a like character; and we
propose to carry the said improvements into effect in the manner herein-
after described. It being necessary that the metals or combination of
metals applied to and in immediate contact with the iron and steel
should be of a like character or quality to obviate and prevent chemical
action, we propose to employ block tin, lead, or other metals, or

page_text: compounds of metals having or being in accordance with this require-
ment and to affix them to the iron or steel plates used for ship building
purposes, also to the skin of the ship or vessel and to the said block tin,
lead, or metals, or compounds, to attach copper, yellow metal, or other
metallic sheathing of such like character.
The yellow metal or copper sheathings are united to the iron or steel
plates by means of fusing tin or any alloy of tin and lead, and preferably
in the proportion of two of tin to one of lead, but these proportions may
be somewhat varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPASSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Casey and
Joseph James Liddon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th September 1873.
We, THOMAS HENRY CASEY, of King William Street, in the City of
London, Gentleman, and JOSEPH JAMES LIDDON, of White Lion Street,
Islington, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPASSES," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in compasses, and
relates principally to liquid compasses, and consists in the following
means for filling the bowl with liquid perfectly free from air or other
gaseous bubbles, and replacing the point of the compass and also to the
construction of the needle.
For effecting these objects we fix to the inside of the bowl two hollow
chambers of suitable shape of corrugated German silver, but any other
substance which will perform in the manner hereafter stated may be
employed. These chambers are connected by a tube with the outside of
the said bowl, through which tube, running to the inside of the air
chamber, is a screw so made that the chamber can be contracted or
expanded from the outside by turning the screw to the right or left.

page_text: The top of the bowl is closed by a plate of glass fitted and screwed
air-tight.
The mode of filling the bowl is as follows:-The air chamber having
been contracted to half cock the bowl is then filled by turning the bowl
upside down, a screw plug in the latter is then unscrewed, to which is
attached the the needle point, the liquid is then admitted into the bowl,
and when the bowl is filled the liquid is cut off by the point being inserted
and screwed into the plug, the air chambers are then allowed to play
free, when there will be sufficient pressure upon the liquid in the bowl to
prevent air bubbles and yet allow for the expansion or contraction of
the said liquid.
The improvement of the needle consists in fitting the same with an air
chamber or with any other suitable appliance for partially floating the
same, in order to prevent the weight of the needle bearing too heavily
on the point of the compass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE CONCENTRATION OF SULPHURIC Acm
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow
at the Office of the Commissioner of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th March 1873.-A communication from abroad by Nicolas
Joseph Galland, of Paris, in the Republic of Franco, Engineer.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE CONCENTRATION
OF SULPHURIC Acm," being a communication to me from abroad by
Nicolas Joseph Galland, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineer,
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the mode of constructing the vessels
in which the sulphuric acid is concentrated, and secondly, to the general
arrangement of the concentrating vessels, the apparatus for agitating
the acid, the manner of applying heat to the vessels, and the pipes for
connecting them together and to the cisterns in which the vapours are
condensed and the acid is collected, and the pump for forming a partial
vacuum. The concentrating vessels are made of cast iron lined with
lead or other suitablo soft metal, and the interior of the cast iron case is
mado with projections and recesses to support the lead lining, and to

page_text: allow steam to circulate for cooling the case. The acid in the vessel is
agitated by discs of glass fixed on a revolving shaft. Three or other
convenient number of concentrating vessels are placed near to cach
other and the fire is applied to the third or last vessel, and the others
are heated by the products of combustion passing from the first to
the others and then to the chimney; the acid to be concentrated is
supplied to the first vessel and passes from that to the second and
third, where the heat is greatest. The vapours from the concentrating
vessels are conveyed by pipes to the condenser and the condensed
vapours accumulate in a cistern below. The last concentrating vessel :
is in communication with a receiver, which is also connected to the
pipe leading to the condenser and to the air pump, and all the con-
centrating vessels are united by pipes to convey the acid from one to
the ether, and by a pipo which supplies the steam for cooling the cast-
iron casings when the process is completed.
]
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLED TUBES, BARS, AND PLATES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kesterton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
January 1873.
I, HENRY KESTERTON, of Park Road, Mosely, near Birmingham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLED TUBES, BARS, AND PLATES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
rolled tubes, bars, and plates.
In the manufacture of iron tubes in place of commencing as is now
usual with metal which is fully manufactured and consequently is
expensive, I commence with iron in the state of puddle bar, and in the
operation of rolling the tube I put upon the metal the work necessary
to develope the quality of the metal.
I wind the puddle bar upon a mandril and weld up the coil, then
I roll the coil several times successively until the tube is reduced and
clongated to its finished proportions, and until the requisite work has
been put upon the metal.

page_text: In rolling tubes I employ a series of rollers placed one in front of the
other, so that the metal having passed through the nip of one set of
rolls enters that of the next set, and so on throughout the series until the
tube has been reduced to the required dimensions; each set of rolls is
driven independently of the others by a steam or motive-power engine,
so that the rolls can be rotated at any speed at which the tube may be
delivered to them by the preceding set.