IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Hall, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, and James Hobson, of the same Place, Foreman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
ealed the 9th January 1880, and dated the 17th October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Hall and James
Hobson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October
1879.
ROBERT HALL, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and JAMES
HOBSON, of the same Place, Foreman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
The first part of our Invention is applicable to looms for weaving Turkish towels
and other terry or looped fabrics, and consists of an improved reed motion. In per-
forming this part of our Invention we make use of two upright levers working on
studs on the lay swords; to the upper ends of these levers is attached a frame which
carries the reed, and on the lower ends of the levers are studs which at every third
pick or other number of picks come in contact with stop levers, thus throwing for-
ward the upper ends of the levers, and causing the reed to form the loop. The stop
levers are mounted on a shaft at the front of the loom actuated by an eccentric on
the tappet shaft or otherwise. On the front rail we place a catch lever, which can
be moved by the foot of the weaver, and which holds up the stop levers, so that
they come in contact with the studs on the lower ends of the upright levers at every
pick for weaving plain cloth.
Secondly. In an improved stop motion for weaving towels and any fabric of short
or given lengths, which consists of a "juggler" and endless chain working on one
end of the taking up roller shaft. We make the chain about the length of the towel
or other fabric to be woven, and place on it a projection which releases the knocking
off lever, and stops the loom at the length required; we place a hinged bracket on
the knocking off lever for the projection on the chain to come in contact with.
Thirdly. In an improved weighting motion for the yarn beam, which consists of
a shaft placed near the back rail supported in brackets on the loom sides; on this
shaft are two small levers, one under each "ruffle;" to each of these levers we attach
one end of a metal or other band, which passes around the ruffle, and the other end

page_text: of the band is fixed to the back rail. On one of the shaft is a short lever, acted
upon by a weighted fulcrum lever which extends to the front of the loom. On the
stud of the taking up wheel is placed a quadrant connected by a strap or otherwise
to the weighted end of the fulcrum lever, and the quadrant has a handle attached
to it, by which the weaver can raise the fulcrum lever and take the weight off the
yarn beam. On the catch wheel pin is a handle, by turning which the warp is
drawn forward to make the fringe.
Fourthly. In an improved horizontal section open shed treading motion for plain
or skip shafts cloth. We make use of a wheel driven from the crank shaft, on
which wheel is a stud working one end of a link connected to an oscillating lever,
which oscillating lever gives motion to two upright swing frames, which frames
contain pins or bolts which rise and fall according to the pattern on the lags. The
pegs on the lags work horizontal levers; on either end of each horizontal lever
rests a pin or bolt; each pin works one end of a horizontal tappet, sliding in a
grate which gives motion to the treadles by a slot actuating the bowl on the treadle;
and
Fifthly. In an improved temple for heavy cloth, which consists of a roller
extending the whole length of the cloth, cut with needle points diverging from the
centre, right, and left, which points are similar to those on ordinary temples; above
the cloth we place a press roller, which keeps the cloth down on the needle points of
the temple.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Robert Hall and James Hobson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 16th April 1880.
ROBERT HALL, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and JAMES
HOBSON, of the same Place, Foreman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
The first part of our Invention is applicable to looms for weaving Turkish towels
and other terry or looped fabrics, and it consists of an improved reed motion.
Secondly. Of an improved stop motion for weaving towels and other fabrics of
short or given lengths.
Thirdly. In an improved weighting motion for the yarn beam.
Fourthly. In an improved horizontal section open shed treading motion for plain
or skip shaft cloth in order to produce what is technically called cross borders;
and
Lastly. In an improved temple for weaving heavy cloth.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect we will proceed to describe the accompanying three Sheets of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a transverse section, and Fig. 2 a front view of the prin-
cipal parts of a loom to which our improved reed motion is applied. In these views
a is the crank shaft; b, the tappet shaft; c, the rocker or fulcrum shaft of the lag
swords d; e is the lay and f the reed, all of which are made as usual. The reed is
supported in the frame f¹, the ends of which are bolted to the upright levers g,
working on studs gl in the lay swords d, and at the lower end of the levers g are
studs g; the springs gs are to hold the levers g in position. The twill motion
tappet shaft h is driven from the ordinary tappet shaft b, as shewn in dotted circles,
and to the shaft h is fixed the tappet h', which gives a vibrating motion to the
lever, fixed to the front shaft i, to which is also fixed the lever ; the lever ²
comes in contact with the stud g* in the lever g. When the loom is at work the
tappet h¹ actuates the lever ³, and at every third pick or other definite number of
picks the stud g, being stopped by the end of the lever is, throws the reed ƒ forward.
to bring the loops on the face of the towel or other fabric. When the stud g² does
not come in line with the end of the lever the weft threads are not beaten up to
the cloth. To the front rail is jointed the catch lever j, which can be moved by the
foot of the attendant to hold up the stop lever when weaving the plain headings
of the towels.
Our improved stop motion is illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. k is the ordinary
spring starting lever, and the end of the taking up roller; to the starting lever k
is attached the hinged bracket k²; to the end of the taking up roller shaft is fixed
the "juggler", around which passes the endless chain m, in which is a projecting
link m. When the required length of towel or other fabric has been woven, the
projection m¹, acting against the hinged bracket k¹, disengages the spring starting
lever k from its retaining notch, and stops the loom.
On Sheet 2, Fig. 4 is an end view and Fig. 5 a front view of the principal parts
of a loom to which our improved weighting motion for the yarn beam is applied.
n is the yarn beam, and o a shaft supported in brackets on the loom sides; on this
shaft are two small levers o', one placed under each ruffle n¹; to each of these levers
is attached one end of a metal or other band n³, which passes around the ruffle, and
the other end of each band is fixed to the back rail. On one end of the shaft o is
fixed the short lever o*, which is actuated by the weighted fulcrum lever p, the long
arm of which extends to the front of the loom. On the stud of the intermediate
taking up wheel q is placed the quadrant q', connected by the strap q² to the fulcrum
lever p; r is the catch wheel, on the pin of which is fixed the handle r¹. In order
to make the fringe at the end of the towel the attendant first raises the lever p by

page_text: the handle attached to the quadrant q¹ in order to release the yarn beam, and then
by turning the handle ¹ he unwinds as much warp as may be required to make the
fringe.
On Sheet 3, Fig. 6 is an end view and Fig. 7 a front view of part of a loom to
which our improved horizontal section open shed treading motion is applied. In
these views 8, 8, are the ordinary healds, which are connected above and below to
the usual top and bottom jacks 8', and 82, 83, are the treadles. t is a wheel which
is driven from the crank shaft of the loom in the ordinary manner. In this wheel
is a stud t¹ for working by the link t the oscillating lever u, which by means of
the links u¹ gives motion to the two upright swing frames v, vl, containing the pins
or bolts, shewn in dotted lines, which are raised and lowered by the pegs on the
pattern chain w; these pegs are upon the horizontal levers w¹, on which the pins or
bolts in the swing frames v, v³, rest.
The bowls of the treadless fit in slots in the horizontal tappets &*, and as the
swing frames v, vl, move to and fro the projecting pins or bolts select the tappets to
be acted upon, and so form the shed, according to the position of the pegs on the
lags of the pattern chain w. On referring to Fig. 7 it will be seen that there are
twice as many peg holes in the lags of the pattern chain as there are treadles, the
object of which is to vary the pattern by shifting the chain barrel endwise, and this
is effected by the weaver actuating when required the skip lever w².
Fig. 8 is a transverse section and Fig. 9. a plan of our improved temple, parti-
cularly suitable for heavy cloth. x is a roller extending the whole length of the
cloth, with needle points diverging in spiral lines right and left from the centre of
the cloth; these needle points are made as usual. y is a press roller to hold the
cloth down on the needle points. The rollers x and y are supported in brackets z,
which are pressed outwards by springs in the frames 2¹; fixed to the breast beam 22
in the usual manner, as shewn in Fig. 9. By this arrangement the cloth is distended
equally from the centre towards the selvages.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention and described the manner of per-
forming the same, we declare that we claim,-
Firstly. The improved machinery for actuating the loose reed, as shewn and
described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
Secondly. The improved machinery for stopping the loom when a given length of
cloth has been woven, as shewn and described in reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
Thirdly. The improved machinery for weighting the yarn beam, as shewn and
described in reference to Figs. 4 and 5.
Fourthly. The improved horizontal treading motion, and particularly the tappets
8 and the skip lever w³, as shewn and described in reference to Figs. 6 and 7;
and,
Lastly. The improved temple for weaving heavy cloth, as shewn and described in
reference to Figs. 8 and 9.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Hall, for myself and on behalf of the
said James Hobson, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of
April One thousand eight hundred and eighty.