Improvements in the Construction of the Framings of Velocipedes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 9th July, 1895-Accepted, 7th Sept., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of the Framings of Velocipedes.
i
We, ROBERT FREDERICK HALL, of Ferndale, Church Road, Moseley, in the
City of Birmingham, Managing Director of The Cycle Components Manufacturing
Company Limited, and ROBERT HENRY ANDERSON, of Moss Lane East,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to 'be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in the construction of, and in the accessory
fittings of, the framings of velocipedes, and consists in making up the said framings
partly of metal and partly of wood.
Thus the principal members of a framing are made of wood and are connected
together by, and provided with, metal fittings, bracings or stays.
:―
In making the front or post part, and the front forke, we proceed as follows
We take two wooden staves or lengths of wood, of the combined heights of the post
and forks to be made, and we fit upon the lower ends of the same, inetallic shoes,
made either to completely encircle, the said ends, or to envelop them flangewise
only upon the two opposite inner sides and to cover up the ends, thereby forming
metallic bearings for the spindle of the wheel.
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These stays or wooden members are separated from each other by a space
sufficient to give clearance to the wheel, and are braced together by cross brackets
kaving Ų-shaped or socket ends for receiving the members, which said brackets are
separated longitudinally from each other by a distance nearly equal to the distance
between the pivot centres of the neck of the pivot bearings.
Thus, the lower bracket, which constitutes the crown, has a vertical and
countershank hole through its middle, whilst the upper bracket has a tubular sleeve
in its middle, into which the top centre of the neck takes. The upper part of
this frame is bracketted together by a channel shaped tie or metal brace piece
having U-shaped sockets upon its two opposite sides, for receiving the stays or wood
members, through which, and the bracket, a stay rod horizontally passes.
The ends of the opposite sides of the bracket, rearward of the U-sockets, are
made into eyed ears or bearings, wherethrough the middle part of the handle bar
passes and is there affixed.
The middle brackets may be of a box construction, or have webs, flanges or ribs,
coming either upon the opposite sides or middle parts so as to strengthen the same.
The boxed brackets and shoes are secured by cross pinning, bolting or other means.
Or instead of side plates, attachment lips may be formed on the said fittings, or we
may make the said fittings of an H or I section with box or socketted parts for.
receiving the other members.
The top and handle bar bracket may, if necessary, be made of an H section.
When the shoes are made box form, then we propose to split the same and
draw them upon the ends or parts to be connected and secure them there by pins or
equivalents.
In making the body or fore part of a diamond or semi-diamond fraine, we make
the same up of three or other number of wood members, united together at their
junctions by boxed, Hanged, webbed or channelled triangular or other shaped fittings,
which have sockets or U-shaped seatings for receiving the principal beam members,
which are of wood. The bracket at the summit of the scat member is socketted,
and provided with clamping means for holding or receiving the pin or seat pillar,

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whilst the corner fitting at the lower end, has or carries a bottom bearing bracket,
wherethrough the spindle of the chain wheel passes.
Sockets or webbed connections are also carried by the said top and bottom
brackets, for receiving the inner ends of the rear' forks and back stays
respectively.
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The fore parts of the top and bottom members of the first named frame are
connected by the neck of the pivot spindle, which his boxed, channelled or
troughed languet-like flanges for receiving the ends of the wood members of the
frame, whilst the middle part of the centre fitting is webbed and the said centre is
secured to the wood members by cross pinning, bolts or the like.
We propose that the whole of the connection fittings should be in the form of
Aloes 'open upon one side.
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"
As a further form of our invention we may make the t steering post, with the
head and front forks, from a single shaped and bifurcated piece of wood, or from
two sections, with the extremities of the branches of the forks tipped with metal
shoes, and the crown secured around the middle part of the wood member by a metal
clip, having a rear extension or extensions to form the lower bearing for the centre
of the body frame,
"
11.
The top bracket is alike unto the crown bracket and has a like bearing to receive
the top centre of the neck.
"
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.f.
This top, bracket, which forms a shoe or head, has a hole through its middle, and
so also has the post, down which a vertical post, carrying the handle bars, passes,
and is adjustable therein for varying its 'height' by a cross peg or bolt taking
through the bracket and through one or other of a series of lignable holes formed
down the middle of the bar.
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Or the body frame may be made with the ends of the members rabated, and
secured together, by wooden pegs or other expedients and then covered by
three-cornered box cap.
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The members of the back fork may have forked shoes for receiving the axis, of
the rear wheels and the chain adjustment, whilst the back stays may, if necessary;
be jointedly connected.
14.
The bottom bracket or chain wheel bearing may be made in the form of a cross
head, T-piece or single casting, with boxed parts adapted to receive the ends, of
the wood members, whilst the other ends of the members may be fitted with boxed
sockets or seatings,, or rabated and flanged seatings for receiving the ends, of other
members...
فال
The metallic fittings may be in the form of malleable castings or from fashioned
wrought iron, steel, aluminium or other metals.
Thin Osh I of Oatahan 1804
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Improvements in the Construction of the Framings of Velocipedes. 4
We, ROBERT FREDERICK HALL of Ferndale, Church Road, Moseley, in the
City of Birmingham, Managing Director of The Cycle Components Manufacturing
Company Limited, and ROBERT HENRY ANDERSON of Moss Lane, East,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
he particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
Our invention relates to improvements in the construction of, and in the accessory
.

page_text: fittings of, the framings of velocipedes, and consists-in-making up the said framings
of loose components, preferably made partly of metal and partly of: wood, or like
non-metallic substances, which if necessary may be cased with thin metal.
4.
Thus the principal members of a framing are made of wood and are connected
together by, and provided with, metal fittings, bracings or stays.
In making the front or post part, and the front, forks, we proceed as
follows
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We take two wooden staves or lengths of wood, of the combined heights of the
post and forks to be made, and we fit upon the lower ends of the same; metallic
shoes, made either to completely encircle the said ends,, or to envelop tiem
Hangewise only upon the two opposite inner sides and to cover up the ends, thereby
forming metallic bearings for tlie spindle of the wheel.
These stays or wooden members are separated from each other by a space
Bufficient to give, clearance to the wheel, and are braced together by cross, brackets
having U-shaped or 'socket ends for receiving the members, which said, brackets
are separated longitudinally from each other by a distance nearly equal to the
distance between the pivot centres of the neck of the pivot bearings.
"Thus, the lower bracket, which constitutes. the crown, has a vertical and
countersunk hole at the middle of one side, whilst the upper bracket has a tubular
sleeve in its middle, into which the top centre of, the neck takes. The upper part
of this frame is bracketted together by a tie. or metal brace piece, having sockets
upon its two opposite sides, for receiving the stays or wood members, through which,
and the bracket, a stay rod horizontally passes.
The ends of the opposite sides of the bracket, rearward of the sockets, are made
into eyed ears or bearings, wherethrough the middle part or steering post of the
handle bar passes and is there affixed.
The middle brackets may be of a box construction, or have webs, flanges or ribs,
coming either upon the opposite sides or middle parts so as to strengthen the same.
The 'boxed brackets and shoes are secured by cross pinning, bolting or other moans.
Or instead of side plates, attachment lips may be formed on the said fittings, or we
may make the said fittings of an H or I 'section with box or socketted parts for
receiving the other members.
When the shoes are made box form, then we propose to split the same and draw
them upon the ends or parts to be connected and secure them there by pin's or
equivalents.
In making the body or fore part of a diamond or semi-diamond frame, we make
the same up of three or other number of wood members, united together at their
junctions by boxed, flanged, webbed or channelled triangular or other shaped
fittings, which have sockets or U-shaped seatings for receiving the principal beam
members, which are of wood. The bracket at the summit of the seat member is
socketted, and provided with clamping means for holding or receiving the pin
or seat pillar, whilst the corner fitting at the lower end has or carries a bottom
bearing bracket, wherethrough the spindle of the chain wheel passes.
Sockets or webbed connections are also carried by the said top and bottom
brackets, for receiving the inner ends of the rear forks and back stays
respectively.
The fore parts of the top and bottom members of the first named frame are
connected by the neck of the pivot spindle, which has boxed, channelled or troughed
languet-like flanges for receiving the ends of the wood members of the frame,
whilst the middle part of the centre fitting is webbed and the said centre is secured
to the wood members by cross pinning, bolts or the like.
As a further form of our invention we may make the steering post, with the head
and front forks, from a single shaped and bifurcated piece of wood, or from two
sections, with the extremities of the branches of the forks tipped with metal shoes,
and the crown secured around the middle part of the wood member by a metal clip,
having a rear extension or extensions to form the lower bearing for the centre of
the body frame.

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The top bracket is alike unto the crown bracket and has a like bearing to receive.
the top centre of the neck.
This top bracket, which forms a shoe or head, has a hole through its middle, and
so also has the post, down which a vertical post, carrying the handle bars, passes,
and is adjustable therein for varying its height by a cross peg or bolt taking through
the bracket and through one or other of a series of lignable holes formed down the
middle of the bar.
:
Or the body frame may be made with the ends of the members rabated and
secured together by wooden pegs or other expedients and then covered by three-
cornered box caps.
The members of the back forks may have forked shoes for receiving the axis of
the rear wheels and the chain adjustinent, whilst the back stays may, if necessary,
be jointedly connected.
The bottom bracket or chain wheel bearing may be made in the form of a cross
head, T-piece or single casting, with boxed parts adapted to receive the ends of
the wood members, whilst the other ends of the members may be fitted with boxed
sockets or seatings, or rabated and flanged seatings for receiving the ends of other
members.
The metallic fittings may be in the form of malleable castings or from fashioned
wrought iron, steel, aluminium or other metals.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents in side elevation a safety
bicycle framing made up of loose component beam members, having metallic
terminals and being secured together by junction sockets according to one form of
our improvements.
Figure 2 represents a topside plan of the box junction at the seat part of the
framing.
Figure 3 is a topside plan of the bottom bracket,, with its cognate split and lugged
sockets; into which the ends of the framing members enter and are made rigid
therein by the screwing up of nuts or pins.
Figure 4 represents the neck with spindle ends and the sockets for taking the
fore ends of tlie frame members.
Figure 5 is a topside plan of the top junction with bracket.
In Figures 1 to 5, a, a', a² are the primary single wooden framing members, and
is the neck (which is of metal) with spindle and bearing ends b', b, whilst
c, care double wooden members constituting the back stays and back forks. The
whole of the framing members are secured together by boxed and split juuction
lugs d, e, ef and g.
a
a² and c,
The loose junction clip d receives the opposed ends of the members
which ends take into single split sockets and d and double sockets d', each of
which are drawn up by bolts a; taking through the split lugs d', so that the loose
members, after being placed in their sockets, are firmly secured by closing the
walls of the same around the ends of the members forming the frame. h is
an pin member, with the shank h', taking into a split thoroughfare socket d³,
wherein it is secured by a cross pin a, although if necessary the said shank may be
secured in a solid socket by a set pin.
The junction socketted bracket, consists of clip sockets', f, a chain-wheel
spindle bearings and a double clip bracket, the whole of the parts being
secured together by drawing-to screw pius passing through the lugs or cross pins as
indo passing directly through the sockets and framing ends.
The connection junction y, of each side of the rear framing consists of split
sockets g', 93, secured by cross bults d, and with the ends terminated by chain
adjustment forks g³.
The top and bottom front connections.el, el are simply clip lug sockets, having
bolts d, through them and made rigid with the neck 6, whose spindle onds b', b
take into a seating or sinking, of a head connection or junction and a like
sinking, of a crown bracing junction k. The junction, has dual and split
thoroughfare clip-sockets or eyes, with the sides drawn together by pins a, and

page_text: adapted to receive the upper ends, of separated parallel wood members k,
constituting the front forks and steering post of the machine. The said top
junction has also a split clip or eye drawn together by a cross pin aⓇ and where-
through the shank m', of the handle bars' m, passes, and is adjustable therein.
.1
The crown junction consists of a loose cross tie, with dual split clips or eyes³,
drawn together by pins a
The lower terminations, of the fork parts of the members k, have split
shoes, with the split drawn together upon the ends of the members by pins a
Figure 6 represents a cycle framing with the component parts united together by
junctions or connections made according to another form of our invention.
Figure 7 represents a topside plan of the bottom bracket coupling and its
accessory parts.
Figure 8 is a section on the line a Figure 6, showing the front bracket or head.
Figure 9 is a.section upon the dotted line A Figure 6, looking rearwards and
exemplifying the troughed' character of the seat bracket.
i is the front socket junctiou, the bottom bracket junction and d is the seat
bracket. The junction d, cousists of a troughed bracket having members d', d, for
receiving the back ends of the frame and seat member a, u³, which are braced
together by a cross tie d³, and the whole bolted and secured by pins d. d³ is an
eye, wherethrough the L-pin h, takes and is there secured by a bolt d'.
The junction i, consists of a trough-section part for receiving the fore ends of the
framings a, a which are secured by cross pius a, taking through tho said ends of
the members and the sides of the junction, which constitutes a combined' socket, and
head, wherethrough the steering post b, terminated by the forks b², passes. ¹ are
webs and the closed sides and the open back.
In the junction bracket f; f is a troughed socket part, open at front at f**, and'
closed at sides at 3, wherein the back ends of the members a and a³ are secured by
cross-bolts or pins as, and if necessary the said brackets may be split so as to draw
the sides of the said web sockets, firmly on the ends of the said web members.
are two like sockets for receiving the fore ends of the back atay members c',
which are secured by cross-bolts a, although the sockets may be split and the sides
drawn together by the said bolts. f3 is the bearing through which the pedal axis
passes.
Figure 10 represents a modified form of crown for connecting the front fork
members to the steering post with sockets having open sides to receive the fork
members, and Figure 11 represents an underside plan of the same, with the
wood members in section.
i is the crown, the steering post, the open-sided sockets for receiving the
ends b', of the front fork members, and which are secured in position by cross
bolts 33.
Figure 12 represents a modified form of cycle head.
k is a tubular sleeve or head, with socket terminations are trough shaped
sockets, united by a strengthening web and adapted for receiving the ends of the
frame members a, a", which are secured therein by cross pins aº.
Figure 13 is a modified form of the head Figure 12.
kis the sleeve with the socket termiuations k¹, and are the troughed' sockets
for receiving the ends of the frame members a, a³, which are secured in position by
cross boltings aⓇ.
Figure 14 represents a neck or pivot ends having open-sided sockets for receiving
the framing ends and being connected together by a web.
Figure 15 is an edge view of the same.
is the neck, having cone terminations ¹, and trough-shaped sockets, at the
back parts of each end, united together by a strengthening web and adapted to
receive ends of the framing members.
Figure 16 is a modification of the last arrangement, in which the box socket
extends throughout the whole length of the neck and Figure 17 is an edge view of
the back of the same.

page_text: is the spindle, or neck, the pivot ends, and 42 is the boxed socket, to the ends
of which, the members are fitted and secured there by bolts.
H
Figure 18 represents a bottom bracket, provided with open sided suckets for the
reception of the ends of the frame member
sarne.
Figure 19 is a topside plan of the sur
fis the bearing sleeve of the bottom bracket, f1, 2 open sided troughed brackets
for receiving the ends of the primary frame members a, a, and are double open
sided brackets for the reception of the rear fork, members a², which members are
secured within their respective sockets by cross bolts a
Figure 20 represents a cycle framing, with the members, united together and
provided with fittings constructed according to a modification of our invention
Figure 21 is a front view of the same.
1
1.
a, aa, a, a, are the component frame members secured together by junction
sockets or, shoes, d, e, and The parts 6 and i have sockets or open-sided
sockets c, carrying pivots c, taking into sinkings g², of divided cross-bracing
clips 9, 9, with split eyes 97, which embrace the members, constituting both the
head and the front forks, and, are secured thereto by cross bolts a
:
The steering post, of the handle bar ye, takes through the split eye of the top
bracing clip, this clip, and the others being all drawn together and secured around
the framings by pins aⓇ.
The lower terminations of the forks have shoes k, which have bearings k', for
the spindle of the front wheel and secured by screw pins or cross bolis as in the
preceding arrangements.
:
In the junction part, d, which is split at the end, the same has open-sided
shoes d¹, d, d³, an eye d and a split end d, the sides of which latter part are
drawn together by a pin a, which secures the seat pillar e, within the said
split eye.
1
or open sided
The junction has a pedal axis bearing and sockets
sockets, and, and a dual socket 4, secured to the, ends of the members
by bolts.
The junctione of each side of the machine has a chain adjustment fork e¹, and
Bockets for receiving the ends of the members.
t.
Figure 22 represents the fore or steering part of a cycle provided with improve-
ments made, in accordance with our invention and Figure 23 is a front elevation of
the same.
is the steering post and h¹ the forks the upper ends of which take into 'split'
sockets, of a combined crown and hearing i, for receiving the lower pivot end c³,
of the neck c, which has a split aud clip sockets c', for the reception of the framing
members a¹.
The said crown i also has a middle split clip socket h³, for receiving the lower end
of the steering post, whose upper part is embraced by a split head m having a top
bearing m', for the upper pivot of the neck c'to seat into, and an eye m³, for taking
the stalk of the handle bar ye.
H
Figure 24 represents a section of a further form of seat junction and Figure 25 a
modification thereof.
d is the junction, having open sided sockets d', d³, d³ for receiving the ends of
the frame members a, a', a³, which are secured in position by cross bolts a and
which junction has a split eye d, closed around the seat pillar e, by a bolt d³. The
Bockets are connected together by strengthening webs do.
Figure 26 is another form of bottom bracket, provided with split single,
Bockets, and dual split sockets 2, wherein the ends of framing members are
secured by cross pins directed across the split parts. 3 is the bearing for the
crank axle.
Figure 27 represents a cycle framing, with the component members secured
together by cone socketted juuctions, which may be plain or split, with the sections
drawn together and secured by cross bolts or drawing-to pins.
is the head having conical sockets ', for receiving the front spriggot or coned ends
'

page_text: of the frame members a, ad is the seat jination, is the bottom bracket junction
and e the back fork junction. The seat junction has conical sockets, "d", dd, for
the reception respectively of the back conical end of the framing member a, the top.
coned end of the framing meinber a; and the top coned ends of the bracketistays a³,
whilst d is a split clip for, taking the pillar member d, which is drawn together by
n pin d
1
In the junction
are the 'single" sockets, which are conical, whilst are-
the dual copical sockets for receiving coned ends of the framing members socured.
together by the said bracket f.
I
The whole of the members are secured in their respective sockets by cross pins:
or cottars a', taking therethrough
1.
Figure 28 represents the metallic tip, termination 'or shoe for the lower. 'euds of
front forks or like members and Figure 29 is a cross section of the same upon the
dotted line Figure 28.
'
The said shoe is made up of two component shells or trough-shaped members n, n',
united together and to the fork ends by a bolt passing through coincident holes n²
formed therein.
3 I
Figures 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 represent, upon an enlarged scale, various crozs.
sections of fruining members which may be used in connection with the junction and
other fittings herein, described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the 'nature of our said inven-
tion, aud in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. In cycles, uniting bracing together or staying the loose parts or loose
members composing the frames by split junctions or socket fittings, substantially as.
described and set forth.
Secondly. In cycles, uniting and bracing together or staying the loose parts or
loose members composing the frames by split junctions or socket fittings, having
eyes or split clip eyes, for receiving loose cognate parts such as the L-pin and the
handle bars, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 1 to 5.
Thirdly. In cycles, providing the ends of the loose component framing members,
with dual loose clip shoes carrying the bearings for the wheel spindles, as set forth
in Figure 1.
Fourthly. In cycles, the combination with socket clips, of forked back wheel.
bearings, substantially as described and set forth in Figure 1.
Fifthly. In cycles the combination with the neck spindle having end bearings, of
sockets or clip sockets for receiving the front ends of the primary frame members,.
substantially as described and set forth in Figure 4.
Sixthly. The improvements in the junctions or connection sockets for uniting
together the loose component parts of cycle framings, substantially as described and
set forth in Figures 1 to.5.
Seventhly. In cycles, uniting the component framing members together by
troughed or troughed and webbed metallic junction pieces or sockets substantially
as described and set forth in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
Eighthly. In cycles, providing the head or sleeve with frame member receiving
sockets, with or without strengthening webs, substantially as described and set forth
in Figures 12 and 13.
Ninthly. In the spindles or necks of cycles, providing the same with sockets,
seating or shoes for the reception of the ends of framing members, substantially as
described and set forth in Figures 14, 15, 16 and 17.
Tenthly. In the bottom brackets of cycles, providing the same with open sided
sockets for the reception of the ends of the framing members, which are secured
thereto by cross pins, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 18.
and 19.
Eleventlily. In cycles, uniting the framing members together by junction parts.
and fittings, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 20 and 21.

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Twelfthly. In cycles, uniting the front members of the framing together and
forming bearings for the neck by the means and in the way, substantially as
described and set forth in Figures 22 and 23.
T
1
Thirteenthly. A seat junction for cycles, constructed and provided substantially
as described and set forth in Figures 24 and 25.
Fourteenthly. A bottom bracket for cycles, provided with split sockets for the
reception of the ends of the framing members, substantially as described and set
forth in Figure 26.
Fifteenthly. A cycle framing, with the component members secured together by
inside coned sockets, substantially as described and set forth in Figure 27.
Sixteenthly. A shoe or metallic termination for the fork ends, made up of two
troughed or shell components fitted together substantially as described and set forth
in Figures 28 and 29.
Doted this 8th day of July 1895
ROBERT FREDERICK HALL,
ROBERT HENRY ANDERSON,
By Henry Skerrett,'
24 Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicants.