IMPROVEMENTS IN STAINING OR COLORING WOOD OF ALL KINDS, PLASTER OF PARIS, LEATHER, AND OTHER POROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges, of the Firm of Brydges & Co.,
Engineers and Patent Solicitors, of No. 73, Koeniggraetzer Strasse, in Berlin,
Germany, and 6, St. Leonard's Terrace, Upton, Middlesex, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STAINING OR COLORING WOOD OF ALL KINDS,
PLASTER OF PARIS, LEATHER, AND OTHER POROUS MATERIALS."
A com-
munication by August Thimm, of the City of Berlin, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1880.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges & Co., Engineers and
Patent Solicitors, of No. 73, Koeniggraetzer Strasse, in Berlin, Germany, and
G, St. Leonard's Terrace, Upton, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STAINING OR
COLORING WOOD OF ALL KINDS, PLASTER OF PARIS, LEATHER, AND OTHER
POROUS MATERIALS." [A communication by August Thimm, of the City of
Berlin, in the German Empire.]
This Invention relates to improvements in staining or coloring wood of all kinds,
plaster of Paris, leather, and other porous materials, and consists of a process for
producing insoluble, durable, chemical combinations in the fibres of the wood or
pores of the other material treated, in which process two distinct operations are
employed.
In order to carry out my said Invention I employ by preference solutions of a
metallic salt, or salts of suitable strength, which said solutions are applied to the
afore mentioned wood or other porous material by means of a brush, an elastic
roller, or in other suitable manner.
After this solution of metallic salt or salts has been so applied to the wood or
other porous material the latter is allowed to dry in the atmosphere, or is placed
for this purpose in a suitable drying room. When dry the wood or other material
is placed in an air-tight room and gas is admitted into the same, for instance,
sulphuretted hydrogen (HS) or ammoniacal gas (H, N) or other suitable gas,
according to the reaction to be carried out.

page_text: In a very short space of time the said metallic salts are precipitated in the pores
of the wood or other material employed and sulphides or hydroxides formed, so
that a perfectly durable fine stain or color is produced.
Any suitable chamber which can be closed up air tight can be employed for this
purpose.
If an ordinary room or chamber is employed, the gas producing apparatus or
receptacle is placed in an adjoining room, in the open air, or other suitable locality,
and connected with the chamber by a tube or pipe for introducing the gas into
the chamber.
The gas employed can, after a few minutes, be withdrawn into a suitable
receptacle to be again employed for treating a fresh quantity of wood, articles of
furniture, or other materials.
By employing sulphuretted hydrogen (HS) and the chemicals or metallic salts
in solution given below, the following colors can be produced.
a. Brown, by means of sulphide of bismuth (Bi. S.) produced from the solution
of nitrate of bismuth employed.
b. Yellow, by means of sulphide of cadmium (Ca S) produced from the solution
of sulphate of cadmium employed.
c. Pale yellow, by means of bisulphide of tin (Tn S₂) produced from the solution
of chloride of tin employed.
d. Iron grey to brown, by means of sulphide of lead (Pb S) produced from the
acetate of lead solution employed.
e. Green, by means of the protoxide of chromium (Cr, Os) produced from the
chromic acid solution employed.
f. Red, by means of the tinsulphide of antimony (Sb, S.) produced from the
solution of antimony employed.
The advantages of my process of staining or coloring of wood and other porous
materials by means of dissolved metallic salts and by employing gas are as
follows:-
:-
The wood or other material can be given any desired shade of color without the
fibres of the wood being injured in the least degree; the said wood or other
material can be provided with any desired ornamental device in various colors; the
color is not affected by exposure to the atmosphere, sun, or water, so that wood or
other articles stained or colored by my improved process can be easily cleaned.
The said stained or colored articles can be polished by simply brushing the same
with a brush or rubbing the same with a cloth, linen, or other material. The
staining or coloring is such that the veins of the wood are shewn in their entire
beauty and fineness, and the costs of the said staining or coloring are extremely
small.
I further employ the exceedingly cheap solution of hydroxide of iron in chloride
of iron (Fe, Cl,+ Fe, (OH), for staining flooring, stairs, and other surfaces, which
are subjected to much wear and tear throughout, and then precipitating the said
metallic salt by means of ammonia (H,N).. Wood treated in this manner does
not burn so easily as painted or varnished wood, is not such a good conductor of
heat as the before mentioned, and is not in the least degree detrimental to health,
but on the contrary beneficial.
As already mentioned it is not absolutely necessary that a special room or
chamber be erected, as any suitable air tight room, chamber, or receptacle can be
employed.
If such said room or chamber is to be used for other purposes the gas or gases
employed can be removed by Lemain's absorbent composition, or by other suitable
means.
The gases can be introduced into the air tight room or chamber by means of a
Kinn's or other suitabl

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd June 1881.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges & Co., Engineers and
Patent Solicitors, of No. 73, Koenig Graetzer Strasse, in Berlin, Germany, and
6, St. Leonard's Terrace, Upton, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STAINING OR
COLORING WOOD OF ALL KINDS, PLASTER OF PARIS, LEATHER, AND OTHER
POROUS MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by August Thimm, of the
City of Berlin, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to improvements in staining or coloring wood of all kinds,
plaster of Paris, leather, and other porous materials, and consists of a process for
producing insoluble, durable, chemical combinations in the fibres of the wood or
pores of the other material treated, in which process two distinct operations are
employed.
In order to carry out my said Invention I employ by preference solutions of a
metallic salt or salts of suitable strength, which said solutions are applied to the
aforementioned wood or other porous material by means of a brush, an elastic roller,
or in other suitable manner.
After the solution of metallic salt or salts has been so applied to the wood or
other porous material, the latter is allowed to dry in the atmosphere, or is placed
for this purpose in a suitable drying room. When dry the wood or other material
is placed in an airtight room and gas is admitted into the same; for instance,
sulphuretted hydrogen (H, S), or ammoniacal gas (H, N), or other suitable gas,
according to the reaction to be carried out, and which a competent knowledge of
practical chemistry will readily suggest to the operator.
In a very short space of time the said metallic salts are precipitated in the pores
of the wood or other material employed, and sulphides or hydroxides formed so
that a perfectly durable fine stain or color is produced.
Any suitable chamber which can be closed up airtight can be employed for this
purpose.
The
If an ordinary room or chamber is employed the gas producing apparatus or
receptacle is placed in an adjoining room, in the open air, or other suitable locality,
and connected with the chamber by a tube or pipe for introducing the gas.
room or chamber employed should be rendered absolutely air tight before admitting
the gas.
The gas employed may after a few minutes be withdrawn into a suitable
receptacle to be again employed for treating a fresh quantity of wood, articles of
furniture, or other materials.
By employing sulphuretted hydrogen (H, S) and the chemicals or metallic salts
in solution given below, the following colors can be produced and are here given as
examples:-
a. Brown, by means of sulphide of bismuth (Bi, S,) produced from the solution of
nitrate of bismuth employed.
b. Yellow, by means of sulphide of cadmium (Cd S) produced from the solution
of sulphate of cadmium employed.
c. Pale yellow, by means of bisulphide of tin (Sn S₁) produced from the solution
of chloride of tin employed.
d. Iron grey to brown, by means of sulphide of lead (Pb S) produced from the
acetate of lead solution employed.
e. Green, by means of the protoxide of chromium (Cr, O,) produced from the
chromic acid solution employed.

page_text: f. Red, by means of the tersulphide of antimony (Sb, S,) produced from the
solution of antimony employed.
Other metallic salts and other suitable gases may be employed according to the
color required.
The advantages of my process of staining or coloring wood and other porous
materials by means of dissolved metallic salts and by employing gas are as
follows:-
The wood or other material can be given any desired shade of color without the
fibres of the wood being injured in the least degree; the said wood or other
material can be provided with any desired ornamental device in various colors;
the color is not affected by exposure to the atmosphere, sun, or water, so that wood
or other articles stained or colored by my improved process can be easily cleaned.
The said stained or colored articles can be polished by simply brushing the same
with a brush or rubbing the same with a piece of cloth, linen, or other material.
The staining or coloring is such that the veins of the wood are shown in their
entire beauty and fineness, and the cost of the said staining or coloring is extremely
small.
I further employ the exceedingly cheap solution of hydroxide of iron in chloride
of iron (Fe, Cl, + Fe, (OH) for staining flooring, stairs, and other surfaces which
are subjected to much wear and tear throughout, and then precipitating the said
metallic salt by means of ammonia (H, N). "Wood treated in this manner does not
burn so easily as painted or varnished wood, is not such a good conductor of heat
as the before mentioned; and is not in the least degree detrimental to health, but
on the contrary beneficial.
As already mentioned it is not absolutely necessary that a special room or
chamber be erected, as any suitable air tight room, chamber, or receptacle can be
employed.
If such said room or chamber is to be used for other purposes, the gas or gases
employed can be removed by Lemain's absorbent composition, or by other suitable
means. The gases can be introduced into the airtight room or chamber by means
of a Kipp's or other suitable apparatus.
Having now set forth the nature of the said Invention of "Improvements in
Staining or Coloring Wood of all Kinds, Plaster of Paris, Leather, and other Porous
Materials," and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,
I wish it to be understood that I claim,-
The employment of metallic salts in conjunction with sulphuretted hydrogen
ammoniacal gas or other suitable gas in the manner herein described, for the
purpose of imparting a fine durable stain or color to wood, plaster of Paris, leather,
and other porous materials.
In witness whereof, I, the said. Edwin Ambrose Brydges, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Soventeenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one,
Witnesses,
GUSTAV EHLEN,
HERMANN ZUNG.
EDWIN A. BRYDGES. (L.S.)