IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU. FACTURE OF FIBROUS YARNS AND FABRICS OF COTTON, FLAX, WOOL, OR OTHER MATERIAL.
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wood, of Monkhill, near Pontefract, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU.
FACTURE OF FIBROUS YARNS AND FABRICS OF COTTON, FLAX, WOOL, OR OTHER
MATERIAL.'
23
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1860.
I, WILLIAM WOOD, of Monkhill, near Pontefract, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS YARNS AND FABRICS OF COTTON, FLAX, WOOL, OR OTHER
MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in the manufacture of fibrous yarns it has been usual to prepare
the fibres, whether of cotton, flax, wool, or other material, and to form them
into rovings or such like forms with or without twist, and having drawn them
out to the desired degree of fineness to spin the fibres into yarn by twisting
them together. Now, my improvements in the manufacture of yarns consist
in producing yarns by cementing the fibres of cotton, flax, wool, or other
material, separate or mixed, when prepared and drawn out to the degree
of fineness of yarn desired, by applying suitable adhesive matter in place
of causing them to combine by spinning or twisting the fibres.
The Invention also relates to the manufacture of fibrous yarus by com-
bining the method beretofore practised when producing yarns by spinning
or twisting the fibres with the mode above described of forming yarns by
cementing the fibres together, for which purpose yarns formed by spinning
or twisting the fibres together have adhesive matter applied thereto, by

page_text: which loose unspun fibres are caused to adhere thereto. The above yarns
are used in making fabrics by the processes of weaving heretofore em-
ployed when using spun yarns, and the fabrics produced are finished by
ordinary well-known processes. In some cases the cementing materials
are moistened by steam, or otherwise, when weaving them into fabrics.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Wood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th September 1860.
me,
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WOOD, of Monkhill, near Pontefract, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
the said William Wood, Her special licence that I, the said William
Wood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Wood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS YARNS AND FABRICS OF COTTON, FLAX,
WOOL, OR OTHER MATERIAL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Wood, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Wood, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Heretofore in the manufacture of fibrous yarns it has been usual to prepare
the fibres, whether of cotton, flax, wool, or other materials, and to form them
into rovings, or such like forms, with or without twist, and having drawn them
out to the desired degree of fineness to spin the fibres into yarn by twisting

page_text: them together. Now, my improvements in the manufacture of
yarns consist
in producing yarns by cementing the fibres of cotton, hemp, flax, wool, or
other materials, separate or mixed, when prepared and drawn out to the
.degree of fineness of yarn desired by applying suitable adhesive matter, in
place of causing them to combine by spinning or twisting the fibres.
The Invention also relates to the manufacture of fibrous yarns by combining
the method heretofore practised when producing yarns by spinning or twisting
the fibres with the mode above described of forming yarns by cementing
the fibres together, for which purpose yarns formed by spinning or twisting
the fibres together have adhesive matter applied thereto, by which loose
unspun fibres are caused to adhere thereto. The above yarns are used in
making fabrics by the processes of weaving heretofore employed when using
spun yarns, and the fabrics produced are finished by ordinary well-known
processes. In some cases the cementing materials are moistened by steam,
or otherwise, when weaving them into fabrics.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more fully the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of parts of a machine suitable for
carrying out the first part of my Invention. a, a, are two roving bobbins sup-
plying rovings to the machine; b is the guide rod through the guides, on
which the rovings are conducted to the detaining rollers c, and thence between
carrier rollers d, d, d, to the drawing rollers e, and thence between rollers
d, d, d, to the drawing rollers e; such motion is to be given to the draw-
ing rollers in respect to the detaining rollers as is requisite to extend the
rovings to the degree of fineness desired, as is well understood, and which
is similar to what is now practised in spinning machinery, and to which sepa-
rately I make no claim. I would state that the means and apparatus for
drawing out or forming the rovings or such like forms of fibrous materials to
the desired degree of fineness, when carrying out my Invention, may be greatly
varied. The extended rovingspass from the drawing rollers between the rollers
fff, to which rotating motion is communicated. The surface speed of these
rollers corresponds with the surface speed of the drawing rollers. To the
upper roller a short reciprocating motion is communicated by an excentric or
otherwise, so that the extended rovings may be rubbed or condensed between
the rollers f, or the rovings of fibres may be condensed by condensing or
dyer's tubes, or otherwise. Or, if desired, a slight twist may be put on to the
fibres before or after the cementing materials have been applied; but whatever

page_text: means of condensing the fibres may be resorted to, the object of the Invention
is, that the yarns produced shall essentially depend on the use of cementing
materials, in order to hold the fibres together till the process of subsequent
manufacture will admit of the cementing materials employed being removed.
The drawn out and condensed rovings next pass between the rollers g, g, one
of which revolves in a trough h containing the size, starch, or cementing
material with which it is desired to impregnate the drawn-out rovings. These
rollers are covered with woollen cloth or other suitable fabric, and by these
means the cementing materials are made to penetrate amongst the fibres, or,
if preferred, the fibres may be caused to descend below the surface of the size,
starch, or cementing fluid in the trough, and be subjected to pressure by pass-
ing between rollers as they extend out of the trough. The drawn-out and
saturated rovings are next to be dried or to be allowed to set, and this may be
accomplished by any suitable means; but it is preferred when size, starch, or
such like cement is used, that a drying cylinder i heated by steam, should
be employed, such cylinder having the proper surface speed communicated
to it, to wind on the yarns as fast as they are delivered from the previous
rollers, and the yarns having passed round the drying cylinder are then wound
on to bobbins j, j, or other winders by means of surface rollers k, k, which
are actuated by suitable gearing to give them the surface speed necessary
to wind up the yarns as fast as they are delivered from the drying cylinder,
or other winding apparatus may be used.
Figure 2 shews a section of a somewhat different arrangement of machinery
for carrying out this part of my Invention, and the mechanical parts are
marked with the same letters of reference as are used in the previous Figure;
the only difference, however, is that two sets of condensing rollers are used,
one set before and one set after the size or starch or other cementing material
is applied to the drawn-out fibres.
Figures 3 shews a section of part of another arrangement of machinery suit-
able for carrying out the second part of my Invention, wherein a spun yarn of
cotton or other fibrous material is covered by unspun fibres of wool, silk waste,
or other material by the aid of cement. In this arrangement the lower one
of each pair of the drawing rollers is grooved, and the upper roller is formed
to fit into the groove, the object being, that the yarn I may be brought in con-
tact with the extended roving when in a flat state, and then that the fibres of
the roving should be folded over the yarn / as it passes between the drawing
and condensing rollers. In this arrangement the size, starch, or other cement-
ing fluid is applied to the yarn before it comes in contact with the fibres of the
roving. In other respects the mechanism is similarly arranged to what has

page_text: been described in Figure 1, and the parts are marked with the same letters
of reference. I would state, that in place of thus applying the unspun
fibres around a yarn by aid of cement, the unspun fibres may be caused to
wind spirally around the yarn and be fixed thereon by cement; but I do not
claim to wind unspun fibres around a manufactured yarn when cement is
not employed.
Figure 2 shows another arrangement of machinery for carrying out this
second part of my Invention, wherein the fibres which are to be applied by
cement on to a yarn previously manufactured are of short staple, and are kept
in a state of agitation, whilst the yarn (coated with cement) is caused to pass
amongst them; this may be accomplished by various arrangements of ma-
chinery, but I prefer that shown in Figure 4. It is not essential that the fibres
should be kept in a state of agitation or partial suspension in the air, as the
fibres may be continuously supplied to the passing yarn coated with cement.
In Figure 4, m is a vessel into which fibrous materials of short stable are
introduced and kept in motion by a series of arms n, n, on a shaft or axis o, or
by other convenient arrangements. The yarn p is first coated with size, starch,
or other cementing matter contained in the trough q, and after passing the
pressing rollers r, it passes through the vessel m, which contains the fibrous
materials, thence between condensing or rubbing rollers actuated as before
described, and thence round the drying cylinder to the bobbins or other
winders, or the yarn thus coated with fibres may be otherwised dried or set.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would remark that I make no claim to any of the
parts of the machinery shown and described separately, nor do I confine
myself in carrying out my Invention to the details or mechanical arrangements
herein shewn and described; but what I claim is,―
The manufacture of yarn by the use of cementing materials, as herein
described.
And, secondly, I claim the manufacture of yarns coated with fibrous
matters by the aid of cement, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
WILLIAM WOOD. (L.S.)