Improvements in Differential Specific Gravity Motors.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 14th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 16th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 14th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Differential Specific Gravity Motors.
We, LEONARD GUNN, of No. 4 Southampton Row, Engineer, and MATTHEW
GEORGE EDWARD CUDDON, of No. 33 Gloucester Crescent, Regent's Park,
Gentleman, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of our
invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in the construction of prime movers and
consists in novel and improved mechanism for utilising the difference between the
respective specific gravities of two halves of a connected series of bodies as the
source of motion therein.
:
The nature of our invention consists principally in the combination of closed
bodies adapted to be moved through a gaseous or a liquid medium and devices by
which the contents of the said bodies can be transferred from some of them to
others of them in the combination of a series of closed bodies of equal volume or
weight connected by an endless band gear and divided into two portions by the
passage of the band gear round a pair of drums one above the other, a bath
of heavy fluid near the axis of the bottom drum in which are immersed the cylinders
near the latter, and an enclosed column of lighter fluid surrounding the cylinders of
that half of the series immediately above the heavy bath: as well as in the
combination within an enclosed vessel full of a heavy liquid of a series of collapsable
and expansible cylinders connected by endless bands and varied by drums standing
one over the other as already described, the cylinders being half of them charged
with a light gas or liquid and a through communication between them all. One
vertical half series of chambers is collapsed while the other of them is expanded.
There are several ways in which our invention can be carried into practical effect
and among them we instance the two following.
Two axles are mounted at a given distance one above the other. Each carries
a drum or a pair of them. Cylinders or hollow chambers are arranged across an
endless band or bands which is or are led around the drum or drums. The cylinders
are as light as possible. The bottom axle is immersed in a bath of heavy
liquid, e.g., mercury. One side of the bath is continued upwards outside the one
column of cylinders around it and downwards into the heavy fluid bath so as to
form a hollow column which is filled with a light liquid. The cylinders emerge
from the latter into the air, turn the top drum and travel downwards to the bath of
heavy liquid, the motive power being the difference of the weight of the cylinders
in the different liquids.
According to a modification there is provided a closed vertical vessel having
transverse axles and pulleys as before described. The axles are nearer to one side
of the vessel than they are to the other. The cylinders on the endless band are
automatically extensible outwards towards the side of the vertical vessel. All the
cylinders are connected together by a pipe or through way, and are filled to one
half of their united capacity with a light gas while the chamber, or only that part
of it which contains the column of extended cylinders, is filled with a heavy liquid
or gas. The axes of the drums are near enough to the opposite side of the vertical
vessel for each cylinder. to be collapsed by contact with the said side as it passes

page_text: the top drum so that there will be a heavy series on one side and a light series of
cylinders on the other. The continuous motion of the endless belts and the
rotation of their axles is in both the constructions described, the natural result.
Dated this 14th day of June 1893.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Differential Specific Gravity Motors.
We, LEONARD GUNN of No. 4 Southampton Row, Engineer, and MATTHEW
GEORGE EDWARD CUDDON, of No. 33 Gloucester Crescent, Regent's Park,
Gentleman, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in the construction of prime movers and
consists in novel and improved mechanism for utilising the difference between the
respective specific gravities of two halves of a connected series of bodies as the
source of motion therein.
The nature of our invention consists principally in the combination of closed
bodies adapted to be moved through a gaseous or a liquid medium and devices by
which the contents of the said bodies can be transferred from some of them to
others of them in the combination of a series of closed bodies of equal volume or
weight connected by an endless band gear and divided into two portions by the
passage of the band gear round a pair of drums one above the other, a bath of
heavy fluid near the axis of the bottom drum in which are immersed the cylinders
near the latter, and an enclosed column, of lighter fluid surrounding the cylinders
of that half of the series immediately above the heavy bath as well as in the
combination within an enclosed vessel full of a heavy liquid of a series of collapsable
and expansible cylinders connected by endless bands and carried by drums standing
one over the other as already described, the cylinders being half of then charged
with a light gas or liquid and a through communication between them all.
vertical half series of chambers is collapsed while the other of them is expanded.
There are several ways in which our invention can be carried into practical effect
and among them we instance the two following.
One
Each carries
Two axles are mounted at a given distance one above the other.
a drum or a pair of them. Cylinders or hollow chambers are arranged across an
endless band or bands which is or are led around the drum or drums. The
cylinders are as light as possible. The bottom axle is immersed in a bath of heavy
liquid, e.g., mercury. One side of the bath is continued upwards outside the one
column of cylinders around it and downwards into the heavy fluid bath so as to form
a hollow column which is filled with a light liquid. The cylinders emerge from
the latter into the air, turn the top drum and travel downwards to the bath of
heavy liquid, the motive power being the difference of the weight of the cylinders
in the different liquids.
According to a modification there is provided a closed vertical vessel having
transverse axles and pulleys as before described. The axles are nearer to one side
of the vessel than they are to the other. The cylinders on the endless band are
automatically extensible outwards towards the side of the vertical vessel. All the
cylinders are connected together by a pipe or through way, and are filled to one
half of their united capacity with a light gas while the chamber, or only that part
of it which contains the column of extended cylinders, is filled with a heavy liquid
or gas. The axes of the drums are near enough to the opposite side of the vertical
vessel for cach cylinder to be collapsed by contact with the said side as it passes
the top drum so that there will be a heavy series on one side and a light series of

page_text: position of this fluid which dictates the direction of motion in the motor, as hereafter
explained. The third fluid, being the one of least density,-say, air or hydrogen-
fills the chamber; and one of the chambers i or as the case may be, and also the
chamber, but what the contents of the latter are is not of any moment, for the reason
already given. The cylinders f, fare filled with the fluid of least density. This
last mentioned fluid may be replaced by vacua in both cylinders and chambers.
The motive power is the difference between the respective specific gravities of the
two halves of the connected series of hollow cylinders, one half being on the right
hand side of the vertical plane which contains the axes of the shafts b, b¹ and the
other half being those on the opposite side of the same plane. The direction of
motion is consequently, upwards through whichever of the two chambers i or 2 is
full and down through the opposite one, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 2. If
both chambers i, are filled up to the same level, the motor is stationary. If the
full one is emptied and the opposite one filled, the motor is reversed.
The above mentioned difference can be increased by subjecting the three fluids in
the casing to pressure. The latter is brought to bear upon them by a force pump
(not shown in the drawings) the delivery pipe of which passes through the side of
the casing. The cylinders are necessarily made of sufficient strength to resist the
said pressure.
Provision is made for filling the said chamber, stopping the motor and for
reversing it, as follows. are supply pipes to the chambers i, respectively.
is a gauge glass for indicating the level in the respective chamber. is a draw
off cock from each chamber. is a pipe by which communication can be established
between the two chambers i and². It is connected with the cylinder side midway
between the top and bottom and is provided with a stop cock.
Referring to Figures 3 to 10, a is the casing and b, the pair of horizontal
shafts in bearings 63. 13, 2 are a series of air tight collapsable chambers which are
in communication with each other by means of ports and connecting pipes. The
chambers are made of india-rubber or similar material. f¹, f¹ are the projecting
ends or gudgeons of the axles which are made fast in any convenient way to the
chamber ends by washers f³. The gudgeons hold the chambers to the chains e, e
which pass round the chain pulleys c, d. Each chamber is fitted with an external
collapser which bears upon its opposite sides. A collapser consists of two
plates,concaved to the radius of the cylinder and made fast to the respective
sides of the latter. They are carried by two pairs of arms f, f, those of each pair
having their fulcra on the respective gudgeon f¹, and weights ƒ³, f* fast on the
outer ends of the arms. The fulcra of any two pairs of arms are under the
respective chamber when it is in the ascending half-the right hand half in
Figure 4 of the connected series, and above it when it is in the descending half.
The inner ends of the arms fare fitted with suitable stops of any convenient kind
capable of engaging with each other so as to prevent the weights pulling the
plates f away from a chainber after the latter has been distended.
The casing a may be filled with mercury and the series of chambers f' half-filled
with hydrogen, or respectively with any other fluids of different or even the same
specific gravities. The collapsers on the descending side of the motor will keep
the chambers on that side collapsed, and all the fluid in the series confined in the
chambers on the opposite side, which had been opened by their weights falling
away from each other, as illustrated in Figure 4. The distended chambers, having
a lighter specific gravity than the collapsed ones, will therefore be pulled up and
over the top chain pulleys d. As each one passes over, it is collapsed. Its fluid
contents are forced downwards through the previously collapsed chambers and
their connecting pipes, and a corresponding but collapsed chamber passing from
under the bottom chain pulleys is distended and filled from the said pipes, and
so on; the column of fluid in the series of chambers, which is equal to only half
their total capacity, being always kept on one side of the series, thereby constituting
it the lighter and ascending side.
are electric contacts with which the gudgeons f¹ of three ascending

page_text: chambers make contact as they pass, for the purpose of heating an electric
heater in each chamber. The function of this heater is to expand the contents
of the chamber, and to thereby reduce its specific gravity.
The motor just described is slowed, stopped and started by adjusting the position
of the fluid in the series of chambers. When all the chambers on one side of
the motor are filled with it and those on the other side are empty, as illustrated
in Figures 3 and 4, the motor works at full speed. If the full chambers are half
emptied into those on the opposite side, half of the connected series of chambers
will balance the other half, and the motor will stop. And so for any intermediate
position of the fluid. The necessary adjustment of the position of the fluid in the
series of chambers is effected by approximating or separating the weights f³, ƒ³
of the collapsers upon the ascending chambers. To each pair of arms ', ' there
is a disc g pivotted upon a stud axle g2 projecting from the centre of a link of the
chain e.
All the discs q' are connected by an endless band which engages with
them by means of equidistant slots into which take pins ¹ prejecting from the
adjacent portions of the peripheries of the discs. 9, g are two studs on the arms,
respectively engaging in cavities go, go formed on the inner face of a disc g'.
When the band 63 is pulled in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 7,
the discs gare moved by the action of the cavities g. 9 upon the respective
studs g in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 6, thereby approximating
the weights of the ascending chambers. When the band is pulled in the
opposite direction, the weights of each pair are moved away from each other.
Provision is made for pulling the said band from the outside of the casing a and
in either of the two specified directions, as far as is necessary, by any suitable
device such as the one illustrated in Figures 3 and 10. is a tubular lever having
its fulcrum in a ball and socket fixed in the casing, preferably above the top
shaft with the solid end of it inside the casing. is a rod fitting the bore of
the lever. Its front end is cranked so as to produce a finger the length of the
solid end and adapted thereby to produce a fork capable of embracing a finger =
fast on and radial to the band 63 as it passes over the top pulley. The outer end
of the rod carries a knob y³. y is a spiral spring surrounding the rod and
compressible between the knob and the outer end of the lever When the
weights are to be approximated the lever end 24 is swung into the path of the
finger and kept there until it has stopped the band long enough to rotate
the collapser discs g' as far as is required. When the weights are to be moved
away from each other, the lever is swung into the path of the finger 27 and the
rod z pushed in so that the said finger is held by the fork 2* 28. The fork is then
moved in the direction in which the band is moving, but more quickly than it, so
as to rotate the collapser discs as far as is necessary in the opposite direction to
that indicated by the arrow in Figure 6.
Referring to Figures 11 and 12, the collapser plates f* are fixed to the inside
face of the respective collapsable chamber . y is an internal weight suspended
from a rod y passing through and connecting hinge-wise the adjacent ends of two
pairs of links y, y2 which have eyes formed therein for that purpose. The opposite
ends of these links are pivotted upon or to the inside faces of the respective
collapser plates f. y, y³ are a pair of horizontal guide plates carried by the internal
end plates. They serve to guide the motion of the weight and to prevent it
swinging on its rod y¹. ', y are stops upon the adjacent ends of the links y³, to
prevent the weight pulling the latter below the horizontal. plane, for that would
collapse the chambers instead of keeping them distended. The weights in the
ascending half of the series of chambers keep the latter distended, but as they pass
over the top pulleys d, they drop between their guides and collapse their respective
chambers.
The motive power of a motor constructed as above described will be in the
direct proportion to the difference between the weights respectively of the collapsed
chambers on one side of the vertical plane which contains the axes of rotation
viz., the axes of the shafts b, b' and of the distended chambers on the other. It is

page_text: obvious that this difference can be increased by subjecting the fluid in the casing a
to pressure. The latter is brought to bear thereupon in the same way as described
with reference to Figures 1 and 2, but with this reservation that the said pressure
may not exceed the resilience imparted to the contents of the chambers by the
heaters.
Referring to Figures 13, 14 and 15, a is the casing and 65 is the motor shaft
working in bearings 6 in the sides of it. This shaft is tubular for the greater
portion of its length and horizontal. 68, 6 are tubular arms screwed into the shaft
as far as is necessary for the bores of the former to communicate with that of the
latter. The said arms radiate from the motor shaft at right angles with its axis
and in any convenient even number, it being essential that each arm has one
diametrically opposite. f10 f10 are collapsable spheres (the equivalent of the
chambers of the construction illustrated in Figures 3 to 12). All the spheres
are of the same capacity and each one is fixed on the end of an arm 6°. There are
three series of connected hollow spheres illustrated, each series consisting of four
pairs of spheres and arms. It is to be noted that all the series have the same
number of spheres and that those of one series are aligned horizontally with those
of the others, respectively. The casing a is filled with a heavy fluid, and the
shaft 6, the arms and all the spheres f10 on the one side of the shaft b, with
the light one, which latter is blown in through the bore of the shaft 6.
The contents of the spheres on one side of the shaft are transferred to those on
the opposite side of the shaft by means of collapsers which are actuated by cams.
Each sphere has combined with it an external collapser which is always in
contact with the opposite sides thereof. A collapser consists of two plates g', 9',
each of which is pivotted upon the end of an arm 98 which is pivotted by its
opposite end between a pair of lugs g³, g' on the motor shaft. The axes of all
the said pivots lie in the respective planes of rotation about the axis of the
shaft .
Fixed cam surfaces 910, 910 are provided to effect the collapsing of the spheres of a
series, one sphere after the other, and for allowing them in due course to be distended
in the same order in which they had been collapsed. One of the said surfaces is
on each side of and equidistant from the plane in which the spheres rotate, the one
-on one side exactly confronting that on the other. The zeroes g and maxima g¹2
of the said surfaces are respectively equidistant from the plane which contains the
axis of the shaft . Further, two of the said surfaces are on one side of the said
shaft and two on the opposite one. The rise of a cam surface is equal to nearly
half the diameter of a sphere and is in the direction of rotation of the spheres. As
there are three series of spheres in Figure 13, there are three series of collapsers
and six cam surfaces. The zeroes g¹¹ of each outer cam surface are connected by
an are shaped surface 913 of the same radius and standing in the same vertical plane
as the said zeroes. The maxima g of all the cam surfaces are connected in the
same way by arc shaped surfaces g₁ likewise of the same radius and standing in
the same vertical planes respectively. Each collapser plate carries an antifriction
roller g at a proper radius to run on the respective circular track 910, g¹³, 910, 914.
All the tracks and the arc shaped surfaces g¹ are rigidly held together by arms
and webs g¹ and are mounted about the shaft 65 by bosses g" concentric with the
tracks, the latter then standing in planes parallel with the planes in which the
spheres rotate. The object in holding all the cam surfaces and tracks in one piece
is to provide for their position with reference to the spheres, being changed
-conveniently. The object of such change of position is described further on.
The
arms of all the spheres are fixed so close to each other on the motor shaft that
when the spheres on one side are all distended, the intermediate collapsers touch
each other at their outer edges g18 as shewn on the left hand side of Figure 13.
These edges are bevelled accordingly.
After half the spheres 10, all the arms and the shaft have been filled
with the light fluid, the bore of the shaft is closed. The cams are then placed in
the position required by the desired direction of rotation and the casing filled with

page_text: the heavy fluid. The aligned collapsed spheres will thereupon descend and pull the
respectively opposite distended and specifically lighter ones up and over.
At any
given moment there are three rows of aligned and distended spheres on one
side of the shaft, three rows of aligned and collapsed ones on the opposite side,
one row of half collapsed ones vertically over and a second row in the
same condition vertically under the shaft . The collapsers of the top row
of the above mentioned distended spheres are about to be engaged by the
respective cam surfaces 10, while those of the diametrically opposite collapsed
spheres, having reached the minima of the respective cam surfaces under the shaft,
are free to be moved away from each other. As a pair of collapsers move over
their respective cam surfaces, approaching the maxima thereof, they are forced
towards each other, collapsing their sphere between them and transferring the fluid
that was in it, via the respective pair of arms 66, into the opposite sphere, thereby
distending it, and so on for each pair of spheres, the transference of fluid in the
case of each pair of spheres taking place as the respective antifriction rollers g¹³
travel, one pair up the top cam-surfaces and the other pair down the bottom cam
surfaces.
The motor just described is stopped, started or reversed, by adjusting the
position of the fluid in the series of spheres, and this adjustment is effected by
changing the position of the cam surfaces g10. is a spur wheel fast upon the
outer face of one of the outer cams in the plane of rotation. h² is a pinion engaging
therewith and having an external square ³ upon the end of its axis which has its
bearing in the side of the casing a. To stop the motor, the pinion h' is turned
until the maxima of the cams are underneath the shaft. To start it again in the
same direction as before, the pinion is turned back until the maxima are in their
former position. To reverse the motor the pinion is turned until the maxima are
on the opposite side of the motor shaft and in the horizontal plane which contains
the axis of the latter. The pinion is provided with any suitable double acting
detent, such as a double ratchet 7, to prevent its being pulled back by the
eccentric weight of the cams.
Referring to Figure 16, the motor illustrated therein is a modification of that
illustrated in Figures 3 to 10, the modification consisting principally in the absence
of special collapsers and in providing for the collapsing being effected by the
presence of one side of the casing.
ff are the air tight collapsable chambers. They are made after the manner
of concertinas. The inner disc or end plate fƒ" of each is rigid and is made fast
to a pair of links of the chain e. fis is an endless pipe with which all the
chambers communicate through branch pipes f". There may be more than one
endless pipe 13 and set of branch pipes f". The shafts b, bare both in the same
vertical plane but the latter is nearer to one side of the casing a than to the other
by the difference in the lengths of a collapsed and a distended chamber, respectively.
The plane is so situated with reference to the casing that the outer plates of all
the collapsable chambers f" are always in contact therewith or at any rate with
the said nearer side. The object of this change in the position of the plane in
which the said shafts stand is to provide for the collapsing of the chambers being
effected by that side of the casing to which the shafts are nearest. It follows
from the above mentioned relative position of casing side and shafts, that the
collapsable chambers on one side (the descending side) of the series will be
collapsed one by one by the said side and held so collapsed until they leave it. The
tops and bottoms of the casing are arc shaped to provide for the change from the
distended to the collapsed condition and vice versa being gradual. Antifriction
rollers are fixed on the outer faces of the outer discs or end plates f1 of the
chambers, and raised tracks f" are provided for them to run on.
Any suitable kind of ties may be led from one outer disc f18 to its adjacent
outer discs to prevent the friction of the rollers f upon the tracks f", making
them lag behind.
With reference to the motors described with reference to Figures 13 to 16, it

page_text: has to be pointed out that the difference in the respective weights of the spheres or
chambers on one side of the vertical plane which contains the axis or axes of
rotation and of those on the other side, which difference is the cause of motion in
the motor and the measure of its energy, can be increased by subjecting the fluid in
the casing as well as that in the spheres or chambers to equal pressures. The
pressure upon the fluid in the casing is applied in the way described with reference
to Figures 1 and 2, and that upon the fluid in the spheres or chambers, through a
bore in the shaft of the motor communicating with suitable ports. Further, it
must be explained that our invention includes the reversal of the respective
positions of the heavy and light fluids, that is to say, the latter may occupy the
casing of the motor, and the former, the cylinders, spheres or chambers. The
energy developed will be the same but the direction of rotation will be reversed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination within a casing, of three chambers standing vertically over
each other, the top one extending down by the side of the intermediate one as far
as the bottom one, a series of hollow floats adapted by being flexibly connected
together by an endless band or bands led round pulleys near the top and bottom of
the casing respectively, to travel through the said chambers, and three fluids of
different specific gravities occupying the said three chambers and in touch with
each other.
2. The combination of a casing, three chambers standing vertically over each
other, the top one extending down by the side of the intermediate one as far as the
bottom one; a series of hollow floats adapted by being flexibly connected together
by an endless band or bands led round pulleys near the top and bottom of the
casing respectively, to travel through the said chambers, three fluids of different
specific gravities occupying the said three chambers and in touch with each other
and means adapted to deliver fluid of the lightest specific gravity under pressure
through the casing.
3. The combination of a casing, a vertical diaphragm or diaphragms extending
across the same from one side to the other, a series of hollow floats flexibly
connected by an endless band or bands, shafts and pulleys adapted by having the
said band or bands led round them to hold the said floats half of them on one side
and the other half on the other side of the vertical plane which contains the axes of
the said shafts and pulleys, a volume of heavy fluid filling the casing up to the
bottom edge of the diaphragm, a volume of lighter fluid filling the casing between
the diaphragm and one of the opposite sides of the casing, and a still lighter fluid
or a vacuum filling the remaining space of the casing and all the chambers.
4. The combination of a casing, a vertical diaphragm or diaphragms extending
across the same from one side to the other, a series of hollow floats flexibly
connected by an endless band or bands, shafts and pulleys adapted by having the
said baud or bands led round them to hold the said floats half of them on one side
and the other half on the other side of the vertical plane which contains the axes of
the said shafts and pulleys, a volume of heavy fluid filling the casing up to the
bottom edge of the diaphragm, a volume of lighter fluid filling the casing between
the diaphragm and one of the opposite sides of the casing, and a still lighter fluid
or a vacuum filling the remaining space of the casing and all the chambers, and a
controllable communication from one side of the diaphragm to the other.
5. The combination of a heavy fluid, a series of hollow collapsable chambers
communicating with each other, supported symmetrically about one or more axes of
rotation within the said heavy fluid and containing a volume of fluid of lighter
specific gravity than the one above mentioned and equal to half their joint
capacity, and devices by which the volume of fluid -in the chambers on one side of
the vertical plane containing the said axis or axes can be transferred into the
chambers in the other side of the said axis.

page_text: 6. The combination of a casing, a vertical diaphragm or diaphragms extending
across the same from one side to the other, a series of hollow Hoats flexibly
connected by an endless band or bands, shafts and pulleys adapted by having the
said band or bands led round them to hold the said floats half of them on one side
and the other half of them on the other side of the vertical plane which contains
the axes of the said shafts and pulleys, a volume of heavy fluid filling the casing up
to the bottom edge of the diaphragm, a volume of lighter fluid filling the casing
between the diaphragm and one of the opposite sides of the casing, a still lighter
fluid or a vacuum filling the remaining space of the casing and all the chambers, a
controllable communication from one side of the diaphragm to the other, and means
by which the lighter fluid can be either fed into or withdrawn from either
intermediate chamber.
7. The combination of casing containing a heavy fluid, a series of bollow
collapsable chambers communicating with each other, supported symmetrically
about one or more axes of rotation within the said casing and containing a volume
of fluid of lighter specific gravity than the one above mentioned and equal to half
their joint capacity, and devices by which the chambers on one side of the
vertical plane containing the said axis or axes, are gradually collapsed and
subsequently allowed to expand under the compressing action of the said devices
upon the opposite chambers of the series.
8. The combination of casing containing a heavy fluid, a series of hollow
collapsable chambers communicating with each other supported symmetrically
about one or more axes of rotation within the said casing and containing a volume
of fluid of lighter specific gravity than the one above mentioned and equal to half
their joint capacity, devices by which the chambers on one side of the vertical
plane containing the said axis or axes are gradually collapsed and subsequently
allowed to expand under the compressing action of the said devices upon the
opposite chambers of the series and means for delivering heavy fluid under pressure
through the casing as well as for increasing the resilience pari passu of the fluid in
the collapsable chambers.
9. The combination of casing, a series of hollow collapsable chambers flexibly
connected by an endless band or bands and communicating with each other, shafts
and pulleys adapted, by having the said band or bands led round them, to hold the
said series of chambers half of them on each side of the vertical plane which
contains the axes of the said shafts and pulleys, and collapsers pivotted upon the
said band or bands, opened and kept open on one side of the said plane and closed
and kept closed on the other side of the said plane, by weights combined with
them.
10. The combination of casing, a series of hollow collapsable chambers flexibly
connected by an endless band or bands and communicating with each other, shafts
and pulleys adapted, by having the said band or bands led round them, to hold the
said series of chambers half of them on each side of the vertical plane which
contains the axes of the said shafts and pulleys and a collapser for each collapsible
chamber consisting of an arm or arms pivotted to the said band or bands by its or
their ends, weights on the outer ends of the said arms and plates fast to the said
arms and adapted to distribute the pressure of the said weights over the sides of
the respective collapsable chamber.
11. The combination of casing, a series of hollow collapsed chambers flexibly
connected by an endless band or bands and communicating with each other, shafts
and pulleys adapted, by having the said band or bands led round them, to hold the
said series of chambers half of them on each side of the vertical plane which
contains the axes of the said shafts and pulleys and a collapser for each collapsable
chamber consisting of an internal plate made fast to each side of the collapsable
chamber, an internal weight and links connecting the said weight to the said
plates.
12. The combination of casing, a series of hollow collapsable chambers flexibly

page_text: connected by an endless band or bands and communicating with each other, shafts
and pulleys adapted, by having the said band or bands led round them, to hold the
said series of chambers half of them on each side of the vertical plane which
contains the axes of the said shafts and pulleys, collapsers pivotted upon the said
band or bands, opened and kept open on one side of the said plane and closed and
kept closed on the other side of the said plane by weights combined with them, and
mechanism operated from the outside of the casing for approximating the weights
of the open collapsers or separating those of the closed ones.
13. The combination of casing, a series of hollow collapsable chambers flexibly
connected by an endless band or bands and communicating with each other, shafts
and pulleys adapted, by having the said band or bands led round them, to hold the
said series of chambers half of them on each side of the vertical plane which
contains the axes of the said shafts and pulleys, a collapser for each collapsable
chamber consisting of an arm or arms pivotted to the said band or bands by its or
their ends, weights on the outer ends of the said arms, made fast to the said arms
and adapted to distribute the pressure of the said weights over the sides of the
respective collapsable chamber, a disc moveable about an axis in a plane by the side
of each pair of the said arms, a stud upon each of the latter, cavities in the disc
engaging the said studs respectively, an endless band passing over all the discs and
engaging with them by means of slots in it and pins projecting from the peripheries
of the said discs, a radial finger projecting from the last mentioned endless band, a
tubular lever having its fulcrum in the casing, a rod sliding within the said lever,
the former adapted, by being moved upon its fulcrum to stop the said endless band
by standing in the path of its radial finger, and the latter, by being pushed along
the former, to stand at the same time on the opposite side of the said radial
finger.
14. The combination with a casing containing a heavy fluid, of a series of hollow
collapsable chambers containing a volume of fluid of lighter specific gravity than
the one first mentioned and equal to oue half their joint capacity, carried by tubular
arms radiating at equal angles and in the same vertical plane from a horizontal
shaft rotatable in bearings in the sides of the casing, and a pair of cam surfaces
stationary on one side of the said shaft above it adapted to gradually collapse the
said chambers as they approach the vertical plane which contains the axis of the
said shaft, and a second pair of cam surfaces immediately underneath those last
mentioned, adapted to allow of the gradual distention of the chambers as they pass
over the said surfaces.
15. The combination with a closed casing containing a heavy fluid, of a series of
hollow collapsable chambers containing a volume of fluid of lighter specific gravity
than the one first mentioned and equal to one half their joint capacity, carried by
tubular arms radiating at equal angles and in the same vertical plane from a hollow
horizontal shaft rotatable in bearings in the sides of casing, a pair of cam surfaces
stationary on one side of the said shaft above it adapted to gradually collapse the
said chambers as they approach the vertical plane which contams the axis of the
said shaft, a second pair of cam surfaces immediately underneath those last
mentioned, adapted to allow of the gradual distention of the chambers as they pass
over the said surfaces and means by which the respective fluids in the casing and in
the chambers can be subjected to pressure by the injection of further quantities of
the respective fluid.
16. The combination with a casing containing a heavy fluid, of a series of hollow
collapsable chambers containing a volume of fluid of lighter specific gravity than
the one first mentioned and equal to one half their joint capacity, carried by tubular
arms radiating at equal angles and in the same vertical plane from a horizontal
shaft rotatable in bearings in the sides of the casing, a pair of cam surfaces adapted
to gradually collapse the said chambers as they approach the vertical plane which
contains the axis of the said shaft and a second pair of cam surfaces immediately
underneath or opposite those last mentioned adapted to allow of the gradual

page_text: distension of the chambers as they pass over the said surfaces, both pairs of cam
surfaces suspended from about the said shaft and mechanism by which they can be-
adjusted about the said shaft.
17. The combination of casing containing a heavy fluid, a series of hollow
collapsable chambers communicating with each other, supported symmetrically about.
one or more axes of rotation within the said casing on a plane nearer to the one side
of the said casing than to the other by a distance equal to the difference in the
length of a collapsed chamber and of a distended one and containing a volume of
fluid of lighter specific gravity than the one above mentioned and equal to half their
joint capacity, the said axis or axes of rotation being so placed with reference to the
casing that the presence of one side suffices to collapse and to hold collapsed all the-
chambers which come into contact with it.
Dated this 16th day of April 1894.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.