FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS ON THE STEAM ENGINE FURNACE OR. BOILER AND AIR PUMP, PART OF WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURING OF SUGAR AND SPIRITS BY STEAM, AND TO A VARIETY OF OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1802

page_text: WILLCOX, of the City of Bristol, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty George the Third, of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and so
forth, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom,
bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-third day of January, in the forty-
second year of His reign; and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and two, did give and grant unto me, the said Richard Willcox,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority; that I; the said Richard Willcox, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, and every of us, by myself and themselves, or by
my and their deputy or deputies, servants, or agents, or such others as I, the said
Richard Willcox, ny executors, administrators, or assigns, should'ȧt any time
agree with, and no other, from time to time and at all times thereafterduringthe
term of years therein expressed,should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend my Invention of "FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS ON THE STEAM ENGINE FURNACE
OR. BOILER AND AIR PUMP, PART OF WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURING
OF SUGAR AND SPIRITS BY STEAM, AND TO A VARIETY OF OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES,"
within that part of the said United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, the Dominion of Wales, the Town of Berwick upon Tweed,
and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, in such manner
Price 8d1

page_text: as to me, the said Richard Willcox, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or any of us, should in my or their discretions seem meet; in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, whereby it is declared, that if
I, the said Richard Willcox, should not particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the
same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediatelyafter the date of those His said Letters
Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages
whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void,
anything therein-before contained to the contrary thereof in any wise notwith-
standing.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Willcox, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described in
manner following (that is to say) :-
First, my improvements in the boilers and furnaces of steam engines consist
in making the bottom plate of the boiler considerably thicker than usual, and
disposing or fixing the same in an horizon tal or gently inclined position.
Secondly, I construct the sides of the boiler in such a manner that an
interstice or space shall be formed for the purpose of containing a thin wall
of water surrounding the said bottom plate, and carried below or raised
above the same, or both below and above, as may be required, as is more
particularly shewn in Figures 17 and 18,and whilst the said intergetice or space
is filled with water a very thin sheet only is made to cover the said horizontal
or gently inclined bottom plate. Thirdly, in manufactories where ground is
not of such importance, I construct boilers without sinking or raising the
sides, as before described, but I enlarge the bottom plate of the same to a
much greater extent in length than hath been heretofore done with any boilers
of steam engines of similar power; and I place the interior float, by the sub-
sidence of which the feeding pipe is usually made to operate,much lower than
hath heretofore been practiced; or otherwise, when any other mode of supply
shall or may be adopted, I place the lower apertures of the gage pipes, if used,
much lower than hath heretofore been practiced; and, in order to ascertain at
all times the true and precise depth of water in my boiler, I make and use a
peculiar gage,consisting of a pipe which communicates with the interior space
of the boiler beneath the surface of the water, and another pipe commu-
nicating with the interior space above the surface of the water, and I connect
the said two pipes by a tube of glass, properly secured, in which glass tube a
portion of the water must consequently enter and remain, and shew the true:

page_text: In other
levelwithin, and in the use andapplication of boilers and furnaces so improved
my intention and practice are, that the depth of water over the horizontal or
gently inclined bottom plate should be as smail or as shallow as possible, at
the same time that the depth of the water in the interstices or space round
the sides shall be much more considerable, but that the thin sheet of water
upon the horizontal or gently inclined bottom plate should nevertheless be
sufficientlydeep as in no case to allow the bottom plate to acquire so elevated
a temperature as would, particularly with iron, boilers, cause the water and
metal to act upon each other, so as to produce a quantity of permanently
elastic fluid. Secondly, my improvements do further consist in economising
steam when generated and applied to the engine by causing that fluid, after
it has performed its usual operations on the piston, instead of passing off to
the condenser, as is usual, and there being destroyed by condensation, to
perform two other distinct operations, first by causing it to surround the
cylinder, and thereby keep it constantly up to its proper temperature; and
secondly, to produce an equilibrium on or under the upper piston of the air
pump, so as to work that and the under piston of the pump either connected
with the engine or detached from it. In either case the engine is not deprived
of any portion of its power as it is at present, consequently an increased
power is obtained.
cases I retain a part of the steam by opening
a communication with another vessel, and permitting the steam to pass freely,
into that vessel till the steam is of equal density and spring with that in the
cylinder, and then,upon shutting the communication with the said vessel, the
steam left in the cylinder is suffered to pass to the condenser, whilst the fluid
reserved is permitted to enter freely on the other side of the piston, as in a
double engine. Hence, with one cylinder full of steam, I am enabled to
produce a power each and every stroke equal to the power that is now pro-
duced by a quantity of steam sufficient to fill one cylinder and a quarter,
whilst in double engines I retain a portion of the steam each time the cylinder
is exhausted, and apply it to work the air pump, or to other use purposes,
and this without the least detriment to the engine. For a description, see
Figs. 7, 8, and 12. Thirdly, my improvements further consist in rendering the
engine more efficient and simple by dispensing with the whole of the external
apparatus for opening and shutting the valves, wherebyall risque and liability
to derangement from air or steamescaping by the spindles, which sofrequently
deranges the operations of engines(more particularly those of the smaller kind)
For a description, see Figs. 5 and 6.. Fourthly, my further
improvements consist in regulating the engine in a more perfect and regular,
manner than has hitherto been practiced, by more effectually guarding against
are avoided.

page_text: the different degrees of elasticity to which the steam is now liable to be raised
by placing an horizontal slide, or other most convenient formed valve, capable
of being counterpoized either by a weight or column of mercury or other fluids,
which being placed between the boiler and the engine, where the throtle valve
is now usually placed, will, by the pressure or elasticity of the steam in the
boiler,upon its being increased(from the irregular combustion of fuel)diminish
the aperture between the boiler and the engine. Hence whenever the equi-
librium is destroyed by the rarity of the steam, and thereby the aperture
more or less closed,a proportional quantity of steam is permitted to act on the
piston; the said regulator likewise indicates or exhibits the power of the steam
as effectually as the usual gage. Therefore, having provided against the
inequalities of the engine arising from the different pressure of steam on the
piston, I apply my second regulation by means of the centrifugal power of balls
which govern the position of a piece or part of my apparatus for opening and
shutting the valves, so as to produce the same effect in shutting off the steam
from the engine during its stroke, as could be done by the hands of the
engineer, and is more particularly explained in the description of Figs. 12,13,
and 14. Fifthly, my other improvements consist in applying steam to the
extraction of sugar from the cane, instead of passing it through rollers, and
likewise for manufacturing of sugar and spirits. Fig. 1 is the vertical section
of a single engine, in which the steam performs three offices. A, the steam
cylinder and piston; B, the case surrounding the cylinder; C, the valve com-
municating to the boiler; D, the valve leading to the case; E, the hand geer,
as usual; F, the lever beam and parallel motion, as is usual; G, a pump for
supplying the condensing cistern; H, the improved air pump; I; the upper
piston; J, the lower one; K, a valve counterbalanced, opening outwards, to
permit air and other fluids to pass from between the pistons; L, L, two foot
valves; M, the valve communicatingwith the condenser ; N, the condenser,im-
mersed in a cistern.of.water; O,.the injection valve; -P, the hot-water-pump;
Q, the lever for opening the valve to the condenser and injection valve. The
engine being thus constructed, the following will be its operation. The three
valves C, D, and M, being opened, the steam from the boiler will blow out the
air, &c. from the whole of the engine, condenser, and pump through the foot
valves L, L. The piston at starting is supposed to be at the top of the cylin-
der. The valve D is then to be closed, whilst the valves Cand M are opened,
consequently the steam and other fluids underneath the piston case and at top
of the piston of the air pump I, rushes into the condenser, and there meeting
with a jit of water, is reduced to its primitive state; the valves C and M are
then closed, and the valve D is opened; the steam that occupied the upper
-

page_text: part of the cylinder then passes between the case and outside of the cylinder,
where it not only restore's the equilibrium on the upper side of the piston but
likewise acting upon the surface of the piston of the air pump'I,'which, being
double the contents or area of the piston K, and a vacuum being constantly
between the two pistons, enables me to force out the water and air into the hot
well through the foot valve L, and the next ensuing stroke upon the ascent of
the pistons I and J, the water and air in the condenser drops or falls into the
lower part of the air pump, whence it is driven out by the succeeding stroke.
In this manner the alternations will be incessantly continued. Figs. 2d and 3d
exhibit the air pump differently applied, as in Fig. 2; a constant vacuum is
maintained underneath the lower piston J, in which is placed'a small valve K,
opening upwards, 'first, to permit the air inclosed in the lower part to escape;
and, secondly, in' case of the lower piston leaking, it passes through the said
valve upon the descent of the piston, whilst the water and air are excluded by
the upper piston I, it being evident that the water and air contained in the
large part of the cylinder cannot be compressed into the smaller, and therefore
must be forced into the hot well, as in Fig. 1, through the foot valve L.
Fig. 3 differs from the two former Figures, inasmuch as the condenser is dis-
pensed with: I is the upper piston, in which are two valves opening down-
wards, whose weight is counterpoised either by a weight or spring. J is the
lower piston, under which, as in Fig. 2, is maintained a constant vacuum.
O, the injection valve; L, L, the foot valves, the upper one being placed in the
end of the steam pipe to prevent the injection water or other fluids from
entering the engine, the said pump being applied to the outside end of the lever
beam of a single engine; the operation will be as follows:-When the engine
is blown through, which is performed by opening the whole of the valves, as is
usual (the injection cock excepted), the piston of the engine being at the top
of the cylinder, and the two pistons I, J, necessarily at the bottom of their
respective cylinders, a jet of water is then introduced through the injection
cock, which,,rushing into the upper part of the cylinder of the air pump, and
there meeting with the steam, reduces it to its primitive state as fastasitenters,
till the whole of that fluid underneath the piston is completely condensed, at
which time the steam regulator is opened and the steam permitted to enter
freely on the upper side of the piston, and the engine makes it stroke, during
which the pistons I and J ascend, and as there is a vacuum above as well as
underneath, the pistons are permitted to rise without any resistance, and the
water and air that wereadmitted during the strokeare prevented from entering
the engine by the upper foot valve, and passing through the valve or valves in
upper piston J; which opens downwards for that purpose, occupy the space
the

page_text: between the pistons, and upon the descent of the piston is exclude thro' the
lower foot valve L. Fig. 4 exhibits another method of applying steam to work
the common air pump.after it has performed its usual operation on the en gin
instead of its passing off into the condenser, as is now generally practised.
A, the steam cylinder; B, the piston, as usual; C, the steam valve; D, the
medium valve; E, the exhausting valve; F, a cylinder, secured to the bottom
of the steam cylinder, in which are two apertures, the upper one G terminating
into the condenser, the lower one H into the steam pipe; I, the piston, com-
municating by a piston rod to the air pump, working through a stuffing box;
J, the common condenser and air pump and appendages. The operation of
the engine, and its advantages, are the following: The air and other fluids
being first driven out of the engine by blowing thro', and the piston B having
completed its stroke, and being at the bottom of the cylinder, the valves Cand
E are shut, and the medium valve D is opened: consequently the steam in the
cylinder A is permitted to pass underneath the pisten B, so, as to restore the
equilibrium, and thereby suffer the piston to ascend freely by its counterpoise,
whilst, as a vacuum is always maintained above the lower piston, the steam at
the same time acts by its elasticity under the lower piston I, makes a stroke,
and by its connection with the air pump excludes the water and other fluidsas
when attached to the engine, and upon t the ensuing stroke, the valve D. being
shut, and the valves C and E being opened, the former to permit the steam to
enter freely above the piston, whilst the latter opens to the condenser, and
thereby exhausts the whole of the spaces underneath- both pistons, the lower.
piston being no longer supported, sinks by its gravity, and is thus prepared for
the ensuing stroke.. Hence it is evident that the power of the engine is
increased one fourth, and that without any complex machinery and withoutany.
additional valves. Fig. 5 is the vertical section of a double engine, to work
without any external apparatus, excepting at first starting. For the more clear
elucidation. Fig. 6 is the bird's eye view of the top of the cylinder and case,
where the same letters denote the same things. A, the steam cylinder, with a
flanch projecting on each side; B, the piston; C, the piston rod, which is made
or bored so as to admit the rod D to work freely into it... Upon the top of
the said rod is forged or fixed a ball larger than the rod itself, which is intro-
duced into the piston rod, and then prevented from being drawn out by a plate
screwed on the latter part of the cone, having an aperture in its centre equal
to the size of the rod only, through which the said rod may slide easily until it
comes in contact with the ball, which, being larger, cannot pass, and therefore
the said rod is lifted upwards, and being attached to the lever E, opens and
shuts the valves as required; and again, upon the, descent of the piston, the

page_text: same rod coming into contact with the top of the hole bored in the piston rod,
depresses the same levers and produces the requisite contrary action upon the
valves. F is the pipe communicating with the boiler and to the case, which
is divided into two parts,as is more distinctly seen in Fig.6,one side of which;
is marked F,is constantly filled with steam from the boiler, in fact, it is the
steam pipe, whilst the other G is open to the condenser. G,the pipe from the
case communicating to the cylinder. H, I, J, K, four valves for admitting
the steam in and outalternately under and over the piston, as in double engines,
the valves of which constitute part of my new improvements, and are solid
plungers, packed, working in a brass barrel, bell-mouthed,and so adjusted that
the apertures for admitting the steam above and below the piston are at no
time to be opened together, and the same is the case with regard to the valves.
opening to the condenser. My other improvements on the valves consist in
preparing two metallic plates, one of which is to be placed against each aper-,
ture leading to the cylinder, the other to be suspended by a joint or other.
simple means, when used vertically,against the back of which works in a recess
or groove a wedge, which is wrought by a rod as in the design,or by any other
simple means from the external part, through a stuffing box, so that by the
ascent and descent of a rod, with inclined planes at proper intervals, the aper-
tures are shut as the case may require, and by placing the plates before the
apertures leading from the boiler to the cylinder,so that upon the remova lof.
any of the said wedges the steam shall open the valve by its elasticity, and
thus, by keeping the wedge between the cylinder and condenser, or behind the
plate or valve, so that the steam in its passage to the condenser shall open the
same,I appropriate to the inclined plates the office of shutting off the steam at
proper intervals. The operation of this engine being the same as is common
in double engines, it becomes unnecessary to describe itsactionexceptingatfirst
starting. For that purpose a pipe is introduced from the steam pipe into the
upper part of the cylinder with a valve working through a stuffing box, so
that upon stopping the eugine the piston is to be at the bottom of the cylinder
by shutting off the steam (by a cock or valve), which, when started, must of
course be opened, and the valve before described, whereby the air, &c. is
driven out from the upper part of the cylinder through the blow valve, as
is usual consequently, upon shutting off the steam in the upper part of
the cylinder, as described, and admitting a jet of water unto the condenser,
the engine immediately is set to work. Fig. 7 exhibits the section of a
steam engine in which the steam which now passes to the con-denser is
reserved and made to act on the other side of the piston, as in double
engines, A, the steam cylinder; B, the piston; C, the case surrounding the

page_text: cylinder; D, D, two pipes communicating to the condenser ; E, the steam
pipe; F, the steam valve; G, lower exhaustion valve; H,the valve opening
to the case; I, the upper exhaustion valve; K, the condenser, air pump, &c.,
as usual. The engine being thus constructed and blown through in the usual
manner, with the piston at the bottom of the cylinder, the steam and upper ex-
haustion valves F and I being both opened,and a free communication opened
between the boiler and the under part of the piston, whilst the upper and case
is open to the condenser and exhausted of all its fluids, the engine conse-
quently makes its stroke, in which case the piston arrives at the top of the
cylinder, when the valves I and F are closed, and the valve H is opened in-
stantly. The steam is thereby permitted to fill the interstice between the case
and cylinder, which is of equal capacity with the cylinder, and the rebyhalf the
steam passes into the case, when the valve His shut and the lower exhausting
valve G is opened, whereby the steam left under the piston rushes into the con-
denser and leaves a vacuum; consequently the steam left in the case and top of
the cylinder immediately operates on the upper side of the piston, producing a
power in the first instance equal to, half the power of the engine, which di-
minishes in proportion to the space the steam has to fill,and will in all cases
produce as much power as is now usually obtained byone cylinderandaquarter
of steam from the boiler. And furthermore, although I have placed the case
over the cylinder in order to keep the cylinder up to its proper temperature,
nevertheless I do not mean to confine myself to that precise plan, for in order
to accomodate this my improvement to different situations, I place the reser-
voir either above the cylinder,or in any other situation that may be most con-
venient or useful. Fig.S is the section of a double powered engine, iu which
the steam performs two distinct operations previous to it passing to the con-
denser. A, the steam cylinder; B, the piston; C, the steam pipe; D,E,F,G,H,
and I, are the valves; J, the second cylinder and piston, which is attached to
the air pump; K, the air pump, condenser &c., as usual, with this difference
only; that instead of a lifting pump I use a force pump, as answering my pur-
pose best: The following will be the operation:-The engine being blown
through, as usual, and both pistons at the bottom, the lower steam valve E is
opened, and the upper medium valve and exhausting valves F and H are
opened, whereby a vacuum is obtained in the upper part of both cylinders, and
the engine makes its ascending stroke. The steam valve E is then closed and
the medium valve G is opened, when the steam confined in the cylinder acts
under the small piston and lifts it up to the top of its cylinder, at what period
the lower exhaustion valve T is opened and both cylinders exhausted. The
upper steam valve D is:then opened and the steam permitted to enter freely

page_text: from the boiler on its surface till the stroke is made and the valve F opened.
The elasticity of the steam and weight of the pistons combined then force the
water and air out through the foot valve. The valves G and I are then closed
and the lower steam valve opened, and so on alternately. Hence it is evident
that a much larger air pump can be used than is at present for double engines,
and that without any deduction of power from the engine; consequently the
vacuum will be considerably more perfect, and thus not only the engine will be
rendered powerful in proportion, but, as before observed, without reducing the
power of the engine, as at present. This engine, as well as Fig. 7, is par-
ticularly calculated for raising water from mines, pits, &c. &c. Fig. 9 is the
section of Capt Savery's engine further simplified and improved for raising
water. A, the steam cylinder; B, B, two pistons serving to keep the cold water
from coming into contact with the upper heated part of the cylinder. C, the
steam valve; D, the exhausting valve; E, the condenser and injection valve;
F, the foot valve; G, the ingress valve for admitting the water when a vacuum
is produced; H, the egress valve for delivering the water. The engine being
blown through, the steam valve C is shut and the exhaustion valve Dis opened,
and a jet of water thrown into the condenser,and thereby a vacuum is produced
above the piston, and the counterpoise raises each pistons to the top of its re-
spective cylinder, and the water and air in the condenser drops by its gravity
into the cylinder, whilst the pressure of the circumambient air forces water
into and fills the lower part of the cylinder. The exhaustion valve is then
closed and the steam valve opened and thereby producing an equilibrium on
the upper side of the upper piston with the atmosphere. The water falls by its
gravity thro' the lower foot valve H, and so on alternately. Fig. 10 is the frout
view of a rack and sector, for producingarotative motion at once from the alter-
nate action ofthe engine without the intervention of a lever, beam, crank;&c. A,
the framing;B,B,&c., four friction wheels; C, the pinion wheel fixed on the fly
wheel shaft; D,auxiliary teeth orcogsfixed on the rim of the framingandwheelto
guidethecogs intothe racksat the end and commencement ofeverystroke; E, E,
apertures in the moveable rack to which thepistonrod is attached, as a cylinder
mayeitherbeplacedabovetheframingorbelow. Fig.1listhesideviewof the said
machinery, withcorrespondinglettersofreference. Fig. 12exhibitsthesectionof
a single engine complete,as applied toarotative motioninthecommon way, with
my improvements annexed, notonly for increasingitspowers, butregulating the
application of force in a more complete manner than has ever yet been accom-
plished; A, the steam cylinder; B, the piston; C, the case surrounding the
cylinder; D, the steam valve; E, the medium valve; F, the exhausting valve;
G, the common air pump condenser,&c.,as usual; H, a second cylinder, whose

page_text: piston is,attached to the beam through the medium of its piston rod working
through a stuffing-box; I, a small pipe communicating from the upper part of
the cylinder H to the condenser; J,the lever beam, paralel motion, &c.; K, the
hot water pump; L, the cold water do; M, the fly wheel, on which is fixed the
centrifugal balls for regulating the engine, as is shewn by a section through
the axis in Fig. 13, with corresponding letters of reference; N,N, one or more
balls fixed on the arms of the fly wheel, and communicating the power of their
divergance by the means of a crank or other simple machinery to the horizontal
rods 0,0; P, a piece in some measure resembling the friction of a cone, which
slides freely on friction rollers forwards or backwards on the shaft; the said
piece P has an oval or oblong figure as to its section across the axis, as seen,
in Fig. 14; Q is a lever or rod which communicates the alternate motion to
hand geer for working the engine as delineated; R, a weight that acts as a
counterpoise for the plug tree; S, the plug tree and hand geer. The side view
of the,steam regulator and gage as is more explicitly shewn by Fig. 20, which
18. the front view with corresponding literal references; T, a chamber.raised
in the steam pipe, and faced accurately; U, an horizontal slide attached to a
piston supported by a column of mercury.in the tube V, on the upper end of
which floats a light body that will indicate the elasticity of the steam as in the
present steam gages. The use and advantage of this my new steam regulator
are the following:-Whenever the steam increases its proper degree of elas-
ticity it instantly acts upon the small piston, which is supported by the mercury
orother proper fluid, and thereby destroying the equilibrium causes the slid U
to descend through the same space,' and more or less closes the steam passage,
and consequently the fluid having to pass through a less space in the same time
must produce a less effect, notwithstanding the increased power of the steam,
and-thus the engine is compleatly regulated. . The engine.being in this state
of adjustment and blown through, the following, will be its operation-The
valves D and F being open and the engine having made its stroke, as in the
design, the said valves are shut, and the middle valve being, open, the steam
-passes round the case, and not only produces an equilibrium under the piston,
which permitsitsbeing broughtout of the house by its counterpoise, but likewise
(as.a constant vacuum is always maintained on the top of the small cylinder H
by the open communication to the condenser by the pipe T,) the steam will act
by its elasticity when the piston is ascending with a power nearly equal to three
fourths or eight pounds on each iuch of the area of the piston H, and therefore
produces a power equal to what is now deducted for the air pump; and, further-
more,as in most manufactories, the engine is sometimes required to work with
a considerably less load than at others, and therefore works with more velocity:

page_text: Now, in order effectually to guard against such irregularities, I apply the
centrifugal force of the before-described balls to act on the inclined oval or
oblong piece, shewn in Fig. 12, 13, and 14; whenever, therefore, the fly
wheel increases its velocity, the centrifugal power of the balls will draw
the piece P' nearer the fly wheel, and accordingly permit the leaver that
works the plug tree to descend sooner than usual, and shut the steam
valve when the cylinder is half or three parts only filled with steam,
whence the engine must complete the remainder of her stroke by the expan-
sion of the stream theu received, or otherwise the same regulator may be
applied to the exhaustion valve, and in either case it will produce the same
effect on an engine as if a man were constantly at hand to work the geer; and
furthermore, when a certain portion of the labour is thrown off the engine for
any length of time, the engine is most readily proportioned to the power
required by an adjusting screw in the horizontal rods O, O, Fig. 13; in which
case the lever Q, Fig. 14, would continue to fall sooner, and thereby con
stantlyshut off the steam when the cylinder is only partially filled,at the same
time that it will have the same tendency to obyiate any irregularities, as in the
first case. Fig. 15. is the side view of the principal part of a scape ratchet
and pendulum for regulating engines, in the use of which I cause the engineer
to wind up a weight, or wind it up by some simple machinery by the engine.
The end to be obtained by this apparatus is to regulate the engine as exhibited
in the following figures:-A, the scape wheel, to the arbor of which is affixed,
as in clockwork a rachet; wheel with a weight suspended on it; B, the pen-
dulum and pallets; C,a bolt or screw, to which is affixed a rod communicating
with the plug tree or valves; hence the valves of the engine being opened by
the clockwork, and not by itself, as at present, will of necessity work as regular
as time can be measured bya pendulum; and should its velocity require either
tobe accelerated or retarded, nothing more is required than to raise or depress
the ball or pendulum by an adjusting screw or clip for that purpose. Fig. 16
is the vertical side section of my boiler for economizing fuel; A, the fire-place;
B,the thick horizontal or inclined bottom plate; C, the well and float; D, D,
&c., the man-hole, feeding pipe, &c. Fig. 17 is a bird's eye view of the cast"
iron bottom plate detached. Fig. 18 represents a section of the boiler as seen
endways, with the interstice or wall of water E, E, each side the boiler above
and below the plate B. Fig. 19 exhibits the front view complete with the
flues exposed. The principal characteristic of this my improvement in the
boiler consists in having a considerable quantity of heated surface, against
which the fire impinges, as is evident from Fig. 18, and in keeping the water

page_text: as shallow as is practicable, I am enabled to retard the combustion of fuel.
and thereby employ nearly the whole of its caloric, instead of permitting it to
pass up the chimney as at present. Note, in the Fig 16, 17, 18, and 19, the
same letters refer to the same parts in the different views of the boiler.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Willcox, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand "eigh: 'hundred and tice
as shallow as is practicable, I am enabled to retard the combustion of fuel.
and thereby employ nearly the whole of its caloric, instead of permitting it to
pass up the chimney as at present. Note, in the Fig 16, 17, 18, and 19, the
same letters refer to the same parts in the different views of the boiler.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Willcox, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight "hundred and two
RICH WILLCOX (L.s.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of June,
in the forty-second year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Third,
the said Richard Willcox came before our said Lord the King in His
Chancery, and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every
thing therein contained and specified, in form above. written. And also the
irstrument aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the several
Statutes made in the sixth year of the reign of the late King and Queen
William and Mary of England, and so forth, and in the seventeenth, twenty-
third, and thirty-seventh years of the reign of His present Majesty King
George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of June, in the year of our Lord One