IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Betts Brown, Engineer, of Castle Farm,
Stockport, in the County of Cheshire, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS,"
Sealed the 13th January 1863, and dated the 19th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Belts Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th July 1862.
I, ANDREW BETTS BROWN, Engineer, of Castle Farm, Stockport, Cheshire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to an expansion valve applicable to
engines with or without link motions. In this part of my Invention I make
use of a subsidiary slide valve, designed to work on the back of the primary
valve, which is so formed as to have its flanges produced and two ports cut
therein. The subsidiary valve has also two ports cut in its flanges, one
of which always coincides with one in the primary valve when at the
extremities of its stroke. The primary valve is wrought in the usual way by
an excentric rod and spindle, the latter of which is carried through the back
end of the valve casing. The subsidiary is worked also from the back of the
Pain 17

page_text: casing by means of a rod or spindle, upon which a friction sliding joint is
mounted, so that by an arrangement of slot levers geared between the primary
and subsidiary valve spindles the latter is enabled to move in an opposite
direction to that of the former. As the travel assigned to the subsidiary valve
is only sufficient to close the ports of the primary valve, and as the former
valve cannot travel further in that direction, the friction sliding joint is made
use of to permit the valve, after having shut the port, to travel in the same
direction and at the same speed as that of the primary valve, and thus, while
having shut the one port the other is coincident with that of the subsidiary
and ready for the admission of steam in the next stroke. Under this a
arrange-
ment I obtain expansion of steam in the cylinder without the use of link
motion or two excentrics, and I vary the expansion by varying the speed of
the subsidiary valve.
The second part of my Invention relates to an apparatus by which the feed
water is heated before entering the boiler, applicable to all boilers having
waste-heat chambers or smoke boxes. In this part of my Invention I make
use of an annular space completely encircling the waste-heat chamber or
smoke box, and also a double shell or casing in the door or front of such
waste-heat chambers or smoke boxes, and connected by stuffing-box tubular
hinges to the annular casing. In connection with this apparatus 1 make use
of Giffard's Patent injector or an ordinary force pump, into which apparatus
I inject or pump water by one of the hinges of the door. The feeder circu-
lates through the door or front of the hot-air or waste-heat chamber and passes
out through the other hinge into the annular casing, and after circulating
through it passes into the boiler by a check valve connecting the annular
casing with the tube plate of the boiler. In the above arrangement a pump
may be substituted for Giffard's Patent injector, but tho principal object of
this heater is to overcome the main objection to Giffard's injector, namely,
its incapability of injecting boiling water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Andrew Betts Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th January 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
BETTS BROWN,Engineer, of Castle Farm,Stockport,in the County of Cheshire,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Andrew Betts Brown, Her special licence that I, the said Andrew
Betts Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Andrew Betts Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iк-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst
others),that I, the said Andrew Betts Brown, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my,or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Betts Brown, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being made to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The first part of my said Invention relates to an "expansion valve "appli-
cable to engines with or without "link motions."
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood and
carried into effect I shall refer, as I proceed with the particular description
thereof, to the accompanying Sheet of explanatory Drawings, upon which
I have delineated examples of the application of my improvements.
In this first part of my said Invention I make use of a subsidiary slide
valve a, a, shewn in Figures Five and Six (Figure Six being a longitudinal
section on the line line E, F, of Figure Five, Figure Five being a plan or section
on the line G, H, I, K, of Figure Six). This subsidiary valve is made to
work on the back of the primary slide valve b, b, Figures Five and Six, which
is so formed as to have its flanges produced and two ports cut therein c, c,
Figures Five and Six. The subsidiary valve has also its flanges produced and
two ports cut therein d,d, Figures Five and Six, one of which always coincides
with one in the primary slide valve b, b, at the extremities of its stroke while

page_text: the other port is closed. The primary valve is worked in the usual way by an
"excentric" e, "rod", and "valve spindle" g, Figures Five and Six, and the
latter may be, for convenience of arrangement carried through the back of the
valve casing or chest h, h, at h, Figures Five and Six. The subsidiary valve
may be also worked from the back of the casing or valve chest h, h, but in the
accompanying Drawing they are both represented as being worked from the
front of the valve casing, the subsidiary valve being also worked by a spindle
j,j, Figures Five and Six. Upon this spindle is mounted a friction sliding
joint &, Figures Five and Six, this friction sliding joint being driven from the
slot link, l, Figures Five and Six, which is suspended from a fixed centre m,
Figures Five and Six. This slot link is actuated by a connecting rod n from
the primary valve spindle joint o, Figures Five and Six. By this arrangement
the speed or the extent of the travel assigned to the subsidiary valve varies
with the position of the working block p in the slot link, Figures Five and Six;
but as the travel of the subsidiary valve on the back of the primary one is just
sufficient to close one port and at the same time open the other (this amount
of travel being shewn by the distances of the abutting surfaces of the two
valves q and r, Figures Five and Six), and as the subsidiary valve, when
effecting a short "cut off" or any degree of expansion, must have a greater
speed or amount of travel than that of the primary valve, the friction sliding
joint moves freely on the spindle i, j, after having closed the primary
valve port. By this means, therefore, I obtain expansion of the steam in
the cylinder of a steam engine, and I vary this expansion by varying the
travel or speed of the subsidiary valve.
The second part of my said Invention relates to an apparatus by which the
feed water is heated before entering the boiler, which apparatus applies more
particularly particularly to horizontal or locomotive boilers. In this part of my
said Invention I make use of an annular water space completely encircling the
smoke box a, Figure Three, and also a double shell or space in the smoke box
door b, Figure Four. This is carried into effect by producing the barrel of the
boiler c, c, c, c, Figure One, to the end of the smoke box. Around this an
outer shell plate d, d, d, d, Figure One, is rivotted, having rings e, e, e, e,
Figure One, at the front and back, the rivets passing through the tube plate,
which is flanged to the inside of the barrel of the boiler, and securing the
whole. To the smoke box door a tubular stuffing box hinge k, k, Figure Four,
is fitted, with its induction pipe * and eduction pipe U, Figure Four, in com-
munication with the water space t, Figure One. The lower stuffing box m,
eceiving the eduction pipe A, Figure Four, is secured to tho smoke box, and in

page_text: communication with the annular casing or water space,and on thelower siden
of the partition bar o, Figure Two. The upper stuffing box 2, receiving the
induction pipe * of the tubular hinge h, k, is placed in communication with
the piper, r, Figure Three, proceeding from the pump or feedwater injector.
Inside the annular casing or smoke box a check valves, s, Figures One and
Two, is placed, the lower extremity being in communication with the annular
casing or space, and the higher extremity above the valve with the boiler.
In connection with this apparatus I make use of Giffard's patent injector
or an ordinary force pump, into which apparatus I inject water at the upper
stuffing box p, Figure Three; the water passes into the water space in the
door by the inductio. pipe of the tubular hinge, it circulates through the
door of the smoke box, passing into the annular casing at n, Figure Two,
traversing completely round the smoke box plates, and latterly entering the
boiler by the check valve s, s, Figures One and Two.
In this arrangement a pump may be substituted for Giffard's patent
injector, but the principal object of this heater is to overcome the main
objection to this injector, namely, its incapability of injecting boiling water.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figuro Three is a plan of the
boiler, shewing a portion of the barrel and the whole of the smoke box;
Figure Four is an end or front elevation of the smoke box door and tubu-
lar hinge; Figure One is a longitudinal section on the line C, D, Figure Four;
Figure Two is a transverse section on the line A, B, Figure One.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I
have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise details herein-before
described or delineated, and that I do not claim to have invented every
seperate detail herein-before described; but what I consider to be novel
and original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent, is,—
First, the construction and form of the expansion valves, as herein-before
described.
Second, the arrangement of the slot link, together with the friction sliding
joint and levers for the purpose of varying the travel of the subsidiary
valve, as herein-before described.
Third, the construction of annular water spaces around the smoke boxes
or chambers of horizontal or locomotive boilers, through which the feed
water is forced on its passage to the boiler, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the construction of the doors of smoke boxes with water spaces,

page_text: through which the feed water is forced on its passage to the boiler, as
herein-before described.
Fifth, the construction of a tubular hinge as a means of maintaining the
circulation of the feed water between the annular water space of the smoke
boxes, and that of the door, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Betts Brown, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
GEORGE BANKS,
18, Cannon Street, City,
London.
ANDREW BETTS BROWN. (L.S.)