As IMPROVE MENT UPON HINGES (WHICH HINGES MAY HE MADE OF IRON, STEEL, BRASS, OR OTHER METALS) FOR DOORS, CUPBOARDS, AND SASHES OF HOUSES, SASHES OF BOOK CASES AND SHEW CASES, AND ARE APPLICABLE TO ALL PURPOSES WHERE HINGES ARE USED, AND PARTICULARLY TO THE DOORS AND WINDOWS OF SHIPS, VESSELS, AND STEAM BOATS, AND OTHER CRAFT, WHICH WILL ENABLE THE DOORS AND SAES), AND THE CAN BETED EITHER WITH OR WITHOUT A RISING HINGE
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RICHARD
WHITECHURCH and JOHN WHITECHURCH, of Star Yard, Carey Street, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Carpenters, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Seventeenth day of March, in the sixth year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Richard
Whitechurch and John Whitechurch, His especial licence that we, the said.
Richard Whitechurch and John Whitechurch, our exors, adñiors, and assigns,.
or such others as we, the said Richard Whitechurch and John Whitechurch,
our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "As IMPROVE
MENT UPON HINGES (WHICH HINGES MAY HE MADE OF IRON, STEEL, BRASS, OR OTHER
METALS) FOR DOORS, CUPBOARDS, AND SASHES OF HOUSES, SASHES OF BOOK CASES
AND SHEW CASES, AND ARE APPLICABLE TO ALL PURPOSES WHERE HINGES ARE
USED, AND PARTICULARLY TO THE DOORS AND WINDOWS OF SHIPS, VESSELS, AND STEAM
BOATS, AND OTHER CRAFT, WHICH WILL ENABLE THE DOORS AND SASHES TO BE OPENED
ON THE RIGHT AND LEFT JAMB (CHANGING THE HINGES), AND, IF REQUIRED, THEY CAN
BE FITTED EITHER WITH OR WITHOUT A RISING HINGE;" in which said Letters
l'atent there is contained a proviso obliging us, the said Richard Whitechurch

page_text: and John Whitechurch, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto bad, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Richard Whitechurch and John Whitechurch, do hereby declare that tho
nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, is described and ascertained in the Drawings hercunto annexed,
and the following explanation thereof, that is to say :-
Our improvement on hinges is designed to enable doors, windows, &c.,
hung with such hinges to open either to the right hand or left, as circum-
stances of convenience may render desirable; for this purpose we inako the
hinges to separate, that is, the wing of the hinge affixed to the door to come
apart from the binge affixed to the door post or jamb; it is hence necessary
to attach the parts of these hinges to each side of the door, and to each
jamb, and to connect the upper hinges upon which the door swings by
cross arms, or bars that lead from the hinges on one side to the hinges on
the other side, and which bars are respectively brought into action as the door
opens to the right or to the left. The construction of these hinges cannot
possibly be understood without Drawings exhibiting them in action, and in
detached pieces, we have therefore annexed hereto such Drawings explanatory
of the several parts of the Invention, in detail and of the whole combined,
which are referred to and described under the several Figures following,
that is to say:-
Figure 1 represents a closed door and its jambs, with the improved hinges
attached.
Figure 2 shews the door opened to the right hand.
Figure 3 the same opened to the left hand.
Figure 4 is a view of the double hinges and cross bars, as seen on the top
side detached from the door, upon a scale of half the real size.
Figure 5 is the same seen in front.
Figure 6 is a front view of the upper bar, with the portion of the two
hinges attached at its extremities.
Figure 7 is a front view of the lower bar, with the portions of the two
hinges attached to its extremities.
It will be seen by these two last-mentioned Figures that the knuckles or
joints of the hinges lock into each other by means of hooks and half cylindrical

page_text: together.
Figure 8 is a representation of the knuckle or joint of the hinge when the
door is opened to the left hand, and on which the door swings, as seen at
Figure 3, the top view of the double bars and hinges opening in this way is
show at Figure 9.
Figure 10 represents the knuckle joint when the door is opened to the
right, as seen in Figure 2, the hook or half cylindrical piece a embracing
the pin b so as to form the joint.
Figure 11 is a top view of the double bars and hinges detached, opening to
the right. When the door is opened to the right hand the outer end of the
upper bar, with part of the knuckle and the hook, draws away from that
position of the hinge which is fixed to the left-hand jamb, and the door swings,
carrying the upper bar with it upon the inner hinge joint formed by the hook a
of the swinging bar embracing the pin 6 of the stationary part of the hinge
on the right-hand jamb. When the door opens to the left hand the end of
the lower bar, with part of the knuckle and the hook, draws away from that
portion of the hinge which is fixed to the right-hand jamb, and the door
swings, carrying the lower bar with it upon the hinge formed by the hook
embracing the pin of the stationary part of the hinge on the left-hand jamb.
Having thus exhibited and explained the construction of the improved
hinges, their mode of attachment to a door intended to open either to tho
right hand or to the left, and the manner in which they act, we proceed to
describe certain other appendages that are essential to the perfect action of tho
above. At the lower or some other convenient part of the door we attach
secondary hinges for the purpose of enabling the door to swing in an erect
position; these are made by fixing to the jambs the pieces c, c, c, c, Figures 2
and 8, which are half hinges (as shewn detached at Figure 12), and to the
door the hooks d, d, shewn detached at Figure 13; when these are brought
together, as in Figure 14, they form perfect hinges, which is the case when
the door is closed, as at Figure 1, and it is evident that the hooks may be
withdrawn from the pins so as to separate the parts of the hinge by pulling in
a straight direction, but if turned round in the smallest degree the hook will
embraco the pin and form the bingo joint; thus it will be perceived that on
taking hold of the right-hand knob or handle e of the door, Figure 1, and
drawing it forward, the parts of the hinges on the right-hand side will be
separated and the opening door will swing on the left-hand hinges, or on
taking hold of the left-hand knob f the hinges on that side will separate, and
the door will swing on the right-hand hinges. In order to prevent the door.

page_text: from falling away from the hinges a locking bar is introduced, as seen at
Figure 1. This bar, which is shewn half size in the detached Figures 15 &
16, has a jointed tooth 9, 9, at each end; one of these teeth is to be passed into
a socket in the jamb of the door for the purpose of locking that side; the door
therefore must then open on the reverse side, swining upon the joint of the bar
and tooth as a hinge. This bar may be sliden by hand either to the right or
left, but we prefer, in most cases, to connect its action with the knobs of the
door locks. The locks that we prefer to use are of the mortice kind, one of
which is shewn half size at Figure 17, and the same with the face plato
removed at Figure 18. Upon the spindle of the knob a lever is fixed, by which
the bolt of the lock is drawn back; the lower end of this lever acts against a
swinging lever h, by which the bar is sliden. At the back of the sliding bar
two pins i, i, project, which are respectively passed into the slots of the swing-
ing lever of the locks on each side. It will hence be seen that by turning the
knob of the right-hand lock the swinging lever will be thrown into the position
shewn by dots in Figure 18, and that the sliding bar will be drawn to the left,
causing its tooth to lock into the left jamb, and thereby to form a hinge upon
which the door opening to the left will swing. When the door is closed, and
intended to be opened to the right, the knob of the left-hand lock being turned,
will, in the same way as above stated, cause its swinging lever to shoot the
sliding bolt to the right, locking its tooth into the right-hand jamb, when the
door opening to the right will swing upon the joint of the bar as a hinge.
We have described our improved hinges as affixed to doors, the same may,
with very slight modifications, be adapted to windows, glass cases, and a
variety of other situations where hinges are required. We therefore claim
the exclusive right of making and affixing such improved hinges where ever
they may be applicable, and also of varying their positions as circumstances
may render desirable. We have represented the detailed Figures of our
improved hinges upon a scale of half the real size, but we do not mean to
confine ourselves to those particular dimensions, as the hinges may be made
larger or smaller without deviating from the principle of our improved con-
struction, and the said hinges and their appendages may be made of brass,
iron, or any other material suitable for that purpose.
In witness whereof, we, the said Richard Whitechurch and John White-
church, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day
of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
twenty-five.
RICHP WHITECHURCHI. (Ls.) JOHN WHITECHURCH. (LS)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeeth day of May, in
the year of our Lord 1825, the aforesaid Richard Whitechurch and John
Whitechurch came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that
purpose.
Inrolled the Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.