Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Mar., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 14th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 15th Jan., 1889
J, ARTHUR HIND, of the firm of A. Hind & Sons, of Wyke Mills, Wyke, in the
county of York, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to bo
as follows:-
This invention relates to certain improvements in the weaving of that class of fabrics
where two pieces one above the other, are woven at one and the same time, the pieces
being severed in the usual way.
It is well known that pieces produced in plain looms at present are liable to
imperfections known in the trade as "pile marked" which is the result of the use
of an imperfect tappet rendered necessary by the essential requisite of a fast
selvedge.
The object of my invention is to produce a pieco free from "pilo marks” and with
a fast selvedge in a plain loom.
Hitherto in order to produce a piece having such selvedge and without "pile marks,"
it has been necessary to use a box loom, more costly in the first instance and having
the daily disadvantage of lower speed as compared with a plain loom; another draw-
back to the use of a box loom for the production of pile fabric, is that it is a more
complicated machine, and therefore more liable to get out of order than is that known
as a plain loom.
In order to accomplish my object I use a plain loom and what is ordinarily known
as a perfect tappet that is to say, a tappet which weaves one pick in the top and one
in the bottom piece alternately. I also use extra healds for the outer part
of the selvedge, in order to make the same fast, which healds are actuated by special
tappets worked from the low shaft of the loom, thus producing the outer part of
the edge with the requisite strength, and the face of the piece free from "pile
marks."
1 1000

page_text: I, ARTHUR HIND, of the firm of "A. Mind and Sons" of Wyke Mills, Wyke, in
the County of York, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in the weaving of that class of fabrics
in which two pieces one above the other are woven at one and the same time, the
piece being severed in the usual way.
It is well known that pile fabrics produced in plain looms in the usual way, are liable
to imperfections known in the trade as "pile marks."
The cause of such pile marks is somewhat obscure, but they seem to result in
part from the use of an imperfect tappet rendered necessary by the essential
requisite of a fast selvedge.
The object of my invention is to produce a piece as free as possible from "pile
marks" and with a fast selvedge in a plain loon which expression is herein used to
mean a loom having only one shuttle.
Hitherto in order to produce a piece having such selvedge and as free as possible
from "pile marks" it has been necessary to use a box loom having two shuttles one
for the top piece, and one for the bottom piece; such a loom is more costly in the first
instance and has the constant disadvantage of the necessary working at a lower speed
as compared with a plain loom.
Another drawback to the use of a box loom for the production of pile fabric, is
that it is a more complicated niachine and therefore more liable to get out of order
than a plain loom.
In order to accomplish my object, I use a plain loom and what is ordinarily known
as a perfect tappet, that is to say, a tappet which weaves one pick in the top and one
pick in the bottom piece alternately.
If this were done in a plain loom as usually fitted, it would produce a loose
selvedge as all the weft threads would be cut on severing the pieces.
Hence the ordinary method of producing the selvedge in a plain loom is at certain
definite intervals, to vary the alternate pick and pick by weaving two consecutive
picks in the one piece, and two consecutive picks in the other piece.
with the regularity of the pile as above mentioned.
This interferes
I provide for the formation, of the selvedge in a totally different manner, and
in such a way as not to interfere with the regular alternate pick and pick in
each piece.
For this purpose I use extra healds for the outer part of the selvedge, which healds
are actuated by special tappets; thus producing a perfect selvedge, and avoiding pile
marks caused by the departure from the alternate pick and pick in the ordinary
method.

page_text: It will be seen that the selvedges on the back of each piece woven on this plan are
more like the selvedge of an ordinary plain fabric, and on the face show a fringe or
pile formed by as many threads of weft being cut, as there are changes from one
piece to the other, at any point between the pile and outer part of the selvedge.
Fig. 1. represents a front view of such portions of a loom as are necessary to
illustrate how my invention may be carried into effect, some of the levers operated by
the perfect tappets being omitted.
Fig. 2. is a side elevation of a perfect tappet and lever.
Fig. 3. a side sectional elevation showing the position of the additional tappets for
operating the healds for the selvedge.
Fig. 4. a plan of the loom below section lines Z. Z.
Fig. 5. a diagram representing a series of sections of consecutive pairs of picks
showing the course of the weft when weaving according to my improved process..
Fig. 6. a diagram showing the corresponding positions of the main and extra
healds and
Fig. 7. a section through the uncut fabric.
To the short shaft A. mounted in the framework B. in the usual manner, 1
secure the requisite number of perfect tappets C. that is to say, tappets which weave
one pick in the top piece and one pick in the bottom piece alternately, the said tappets (.
being driven by the spur wheel E. from the pinion F. secured on the ordinary
driving shaft G.
In order to provide perfect selvedges at the extreme ciges of both picces, and
to work the outer part of selvedges differently, and at the same time as the perfect
tappets C., I employ extra healds H. operated in the following manner.
To two additional shafts Isecure a number of tappets K. each of which is caused
to rotate by a spur pinion M. in gear with wheel L.; the former being by preference
secured on what is commonly known as the bottom shaft N. of the loom.
For each additional tappet K. I mount in any convenient manner an ordinary treadle
lever P. provided with a runner Q. each lever being connected to extra healds H.
by the intermediary levers R.
The upper portion of the healds H. are connected at the top to springs S.
secured to the top rail U. of the loom or in any other convenient manner, the
said springs keeping the runners Q in contact with the tappets K.
.
My improved process and the working of the above described apparatus, will be
fully apparent by reference to Figs. 5 and 6., in which I illustrate the process by
reference to an example of one style of make i.e., a double plain cloth which is in
ordinary use for pile fabrics. Fig. 5. represents a series of sections through the
fabric at right angles to the warp threads, each section showing the course taken
by the weft for each consecutive pair of picks.
The letters T. and B. indicate the top and bottom pieces of the fabric in each section, in
all of which the pile threads are removed for more clearly explaining my improved
process of forming the selvedges.
Fig. 6. represents the several positions of the respective healds, and therefore
the position the corresponding warp threads will occupy in order that the weft may
be diverted from one piece to the other, in the manner as indicated by the suc-
cessive sections of consecutive picks shown by diagram Fig. 5. The positions of the
selvedge healds which extend from C. to D. on each side are indicated by the
figures 1 2 3 and 4 and the ground healds which form the pieces from A. to A.
and part of the selvedges from A. to D. on each side, are indicated by figures 1. 2. 3.
and 4, the first two figures in cach case indicating the healds of the bottom piece,
and the latter the healds of the top piece respectively.
The position of the selvedge healds with reference to wavy weft line W. are indi-
cated by the plain lines numbered as before-mentioned and the numbered horizontal
lines between the vertical lines D. D. indicate the relative positions of the main
healds to the additional healds 1ª 24 3 and 4 and show the successive positions
which they occupy for a repeat.
.

page_text: The selvedge healds H. are operated by the additional tappets K. and levers P.
and R., the said healds carrying the warp threads of the outer parts of the
selvedge from C. to D. on each side: the warp threads of the inner part of the
selvedge from D. to A. on each side of the piece being carried by the main healds.
The healds being operated so as successively to assume the positions indicated
in diagram Fig. 6. it will be seen that about (say) midway between the pile line A.
and the edge of the piece, the weft thread passes (owing to the position of the
healds) from (say) the top piece (the heads of which are marked 1. 3.) through
the shed of the outer portion of the top piece, back again through the outer
portion of the top piece and then into the shed of the bottom piece, and so on,
changing as shown, the woft passing in the middle of the selvedge from the top
or bottom healds of the fabric to the top or bottom healds of the selvedge or
vice versa, its course being indicated by wavy line W. in Figs. 5. and 6.
It will be seen that by the operation of the extra healds, whilst alternate pick and
pick is woven in the main or body portion of the fabric, at the same time consecutive
picks are woven in the outer portions so as to produce a fast selvedge, the weft being
passed from one piece to the other in the same pick, and so long as this essential
characteristic is maintained the details of the repeat may be varied, and the process
may be adapted to the various kinds of pile fabrics for which it is suitable.
It will also be observed that the mechanism for operating the selvedge healds is
capable of considerable modifications as for example dobbies, jacquards, and
other warp regulating apparatus may be used without departure from the essentials
of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In weaving fabrics of the kind hereinbefore described, the employment of extra
healds for the outer portions of the selvedges substantially in the manner and for
the purposes herein before described.
2. The production of fabrics with fast selvedges of the kind hereinbefore
described on a plain loom by passing the weft from one pieco to the other in the
same pick substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
3. A loom for weaving pile fabrics fitted with extra healds and the apparatus for
their actuation substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
4. The improved process for weaving pile fabrics on a plam loom in which alternate
picks are woven in the top and bottom pieces and at the same time consecutive picks
are woven in the outer portions of the pieces so as to produce fast selvedges.
Dated this 12th day of December 1888
JOHN WAUGH,
Agent.