CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING, BLEACHING, AND DYEING FUSTIANS, BEAVERTEENS, CANTOONS, SAT- TEENS, TWILLS, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Worrall, junior, of Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Dyer and Finisher, for the Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING,
BLEACHING, AND DYEING FUSTIANS, BEAVERTEENS, CANTOONS, SAT-
TEENS, TWILLS, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 28th November 1853, and dated the 18th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Worrall at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th June 1853.
I, JAMES WORRALL, junior, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Dyer and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING,
BLEACHING, AND DYEING FUSTIANS, BEAVERTEENS, CANTOONS, SATTEENS,
TWILLS, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:
The principal feature of my Invention consists in the employment of
a large solid mangle bowl or cylinder, such as are commonly used in

page_text: printing machines. This roller is mounted in a frame, and caused to
revolve and drive three or more other smaller bowls or cylinders, which
are pressed forcibly against its surface by means of levers, screws, or
other mechanical means of pressure. In the intermediate spaces between
the said pressing rollers or bowls, carrier or guide rollers are placed at
some distance from the large mangle bowl. Between the guide rollers
and the, mangle bowls is placed a perforated pipe, through which water,
bleaching liquor, or dye, is forced at a high pressure as it passes from
the nip or point of contact between the principal bowl and one of
the smaller bowls to another. Below this mangling or squeezing
apparatus a cistern is placed, divided into compartments containing
water or dye, each compartment being furnished with a square hexa-
gonal or other roller above, and a cylindrical roller at or near the
bottom. The cloth passes first through the several compartments of
the cistern, and subsequently between the several smaller mangle bowls
or squeezers, and the principal mangle bowl; the cloth being with-
drawn from contact with the principal mangle bowl, between the "nip"
of cach roller and that of the next, and having a jet of water, bleach-
ing, or dyeing liquor projected thereon. The surplus water, bleaching
or dyeing liquor falls into a shallow cistern or trough, and is again
projected against the cloth as it leaves the last compartment of the
cistern.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said james Worrall in the Great Scal Patent Office,
on the 17th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JAMES WORRALL, junior, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer
and Finisher, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent. bearing date the Eighteenth day of June, One thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Worrall, junior, Ifer especial license that I, the said James

page_text: Worrall, junior, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said James Worrall, junior, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING, BLEACHING, AND DYEING FUS-
TAINS, BEAVERTEENS, CANTOONS, SATTEENS, TWILLS, AND OTHER TEXTILE
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Worrall, junior, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Worrall, junior, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings
(that is to say):
My Improvements consist, first, in causing the pieces of cloth,
having been previously saturated or soaked in a cistern or other
receptacle containing water, bleaching liquor, or dyeing liquor, to pass
over and round a large solid mangle bowl or cylinder, similar to those
used in printing machines, against which it is pressed by other or
smaller bowls or cylinders forced against and in contact with the said
mangle bowl, and from which it is separated or detached by means of
guide or carrier rollers placed intermediate with the pressing bowls, by
which means the water, bleaching liquor, or dye, is effectually pressed
into the cloth: secondly, in forcing jets of water, bleaching liquor, or
dye, at a high pressure, on and into the cloth at the point where it
becomes separated and detached by the intermediate guide rollers from
the "nip" or point of contact of the mangle bowl, and the smaller
bowls, during its progress through the machine; by the use of which
a great saving is substantially effected in labour, together with an

page_text: important economy in water, bleaching liquor, and dyeing material; and
by which means, as herein-after described, the various goods are finished
in a much superior style to that produced by the ordinary methods. In
order more fully to describe the particular nature of my said Improve-
ments and the processes effected by the machinery or apparatus con-
nected therewith, I have attached to these presents a Sheet of Drawings
illustrative of the same, and have marked thereon letters of reference
corresponding with those in the following description thereof, reference
hoing made therota
nected therewith, I have attached to these presents a Sheet of Drawings
illustrative of the same, and have marked thereon letters of reference
corresponding with those in the following description thereof, reference
hoing made thorota
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1, is a sectional elevation of the machinery or apparatus
employed, drawn upon a scale of about one and a quarter inch to the
foot; and Fig. 2, a front elevation of the same. The same figures of
reference are marked upon corresponding parts of the machinery in
both the Figures.
In Fig. 1, a, is the feeding roller over which the cloth is passed out
of the external cistern b, into the first compartment of the larger
cistern c, then under the roller d, over the revolving block e, which is
either square, hexagonal, or circular, and in like manner until it arrives
at the hexagonal or other roller f, from thence to one of the small
bowls or rollers g, and then passes round the guide or separating
roller h, receiving in its passage from the rollers g, to h, water, bleach-
ing liquor or dye, ejected on and into the cloth through the perforations
in one of the small pipes i. It is then subjected again to pressure
between the second smaller bowl h, and the larger bowl or cylinder 1,
passes on to the next separating roller m, again receiving water, bleach-
ing liquor or dye, ejected from the small perforated pipes i, as before;
and in like manner, under the pressing roller n, and over the remaining
separating roller o, passing under the pressing roller p, and finally over
the delivering roller q, on to the receiving or winding-on roller 7.
s, s, are levers which by means of the cranked arms t, t, t, and the cross
heads u, u, u, u, force the small bowls or cylinders g, h, n, and p,
against the large mangle bowl l. 2, is the pump by which the water,
bleaching liquor or dye, is forced into the small perforated pipes i, i, i,

page_text: by the feed pipe w; the winding-on roller 2, is driven by a band or
strap from the pulley . y, is the main driving pulley, which, giving
motion to the pinion, working into the spur wheel, causes the large
mangle bowl or cylinder 1, to revolve, carrying with it the cloth, and
which, having passed entirely through the machine, is wound on to the
roller r, by means of the strap and pulley x, fixed on to the shaft of
large bowl 1.
Taving thus described the nature and object of my Improvements,
together with the machinery or apparatus necessary to carry the same
into practical effect, I would remark, in conclusion, that I claim as
my Invention, the passing the cloth, well saturated with water, bleach-
ing liquor or dye, through the system of bowls or cylinders, as arranged,
and more particularly the use of the guide or separating rollers h, m, and
o, by means of which the cloth is detached at intervals from the main
bowl ; and secondly, in employing perforated or other pipes for the
purpose of forcing water, bleaching liquor, or dyeing liquor, at a high
pressure, on to and into the cloth, at the point or points where it
becomes so detached or separated from the main bowl 7, by the means
herein-before particularly set forth and described, and clearly exhibited
in the Drawing attached to these presents.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Worrall, junior, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
JAMES WORRALL, Jr. (L.S.)