Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 28th May, 1887
Complete Left, 25th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 20th Apr., 1888
I, GIROLAMO TADDEI, of Rue Ospedale, 26, Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to portable ovens more especially for military use. An
oven according to this invention is constructed in sections for convenience of
transport, and the loaves are baked in a hot air chamber or oven proper which is
uniformly surrounded by the products of combustion from the furnace.
The external walls of the furnace and of the oven are formed of double sheets of
iron, the spaces between the sheets being filled with suitable non-conducting and
refractory substance. The furnace frame is supported on four iron legs (which may
be made to fold, or be detached,) and has a suitable grate and door. The oven
comprises an outer arched casing, and an internal chamber forming the oven proper,
attached to the outer casing at the front (where a closely fitting door with double walls
is provided). At the lower edge, the oven proper is supported by suitable pillars or
connections which rest on the frame of the furnace. The hearth or floor of the oven
proper is formed of double sheets of iron filled with a suitable non-conducting and
refractory substance, and is protected underneath from the direct action of the flame
by deflectors or screens, which also serve to distribute the products of combustion
equally around the oven. Along the arched roof between the oven proper and the
outer casing, a flue is provided leading from the ends of the casing to the chimney
(which may be arranged centrally), and each end of the flue is provided with a
suitable damper or.register to regulate the draught. A suitable pyrometer is fitted,
with a limb reaching inside the oven, to indicate the temperature therein.
When the oven is to be transported, the two parts are readily taken asunder; the
oven proper with its outer casing can be easily carried by a mule or pony, whilst the
furnace with the chimney forms a load for another mule or pony. A third mule or
pony can readily carry the kneading trough, baskets, shovels for stoking the fire, and
other accessories for the working of the bakery.
The arrangement is such that the oven is equally heated, and the products of
combustion after having been uniformly distributed around the oven, escape into the
atmosphere through the flue and chimney.

page_text: When the pyrometer indicates that the temperature in the interior of the oven is
sufficiently high (it may, for example, be 300 degrees centigrade,) the firing is
stopped, and the oven is charged with bread. When the wood or other fuel is burnt
so that only embers remain, the dampers or registers are closed. When the bread is
baked, it is withdrawn ; the furnace is again charged with fuel for a second heating,
thus causing the temperature, which will have fallen considerably, to again quickly
rise to a degree suitable for a second baking. This operation is continuously repeated,
and it will be found that 14 to 16 bakings may be accomplished in 24 hours, each
baking consisting of about 20 rations; so that, during the 24 hours, above 300 rations
can be baked.
It will be obvious that the apparatus may be variously modified to suit particular
uses; for example, the oven can, if desired, be mounted on wheels, and be provided
with shafts, so that it can be moved like a hand cart. In this case, at the end furthest
from the shafts, two hooks may be provided to which ropes may be applied to aid and
facilitate the transport on steep roads and hill sides.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Portable Ovens.
I, GIROLAMO TADDEI, of Rue Ospedale 26, Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy.
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
An oven
This invention relates to portable ovens more especially for military use.
according to this invention is constructed in sections for convenience of transport, and
the loaves are baked in a hot air chamber or oven proper which is uniformly
surrounded by the products of combustion from the furnace.
The external walls of the furnace and of the oven are formed of double sheets of
iron, the spaces between the sheets being filled with suitable non-conducting and
refractory substance. The furnace frame is supported on four iron legs (which may
be made to fold, or be detached,) and has a suitable gråte and door.
Referring to the annexed sheet of illustrative drawings
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a portable oven constructed according to
this invention.
Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section.
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan in which the horizontal flue T, and the uptake are shown
in dotted lines.
Fig. 4 is a view of the front or door end of the oven.
The oven comprises an outer arched casing C (formed of double sheets of iron and
non-conducting and refractory substance as above mentioned) and an internal
chamber P forming the oven proper, attached to the outer casing at the front where
a closely fitting door D with double walls is provided.
The edges of the door Das also of the opening against which it closes are bevilled
to ensure an air tight joint.
At the lower edge, the oven proper is supported by suitable pillars or connections c
which rest on the frame of the furnace. The hearth or floor S of the oven proper
is formed of double sheets of iron filled with a suitable non-conducting and refractory
substance and is protected underneath from the direct action of the flame by
deflectors or screens f, which also serve to distribute the products of combustion
equally around the oven.
Along the arched roof between the oven proper and the outer casing, a flue T
is provided leading from the ends of the casing to the chimney (which may be
arranged centrally), and each end of the flue is provided with a suitable damper or
register to regulate the draught.
The chimney T¹ is hinged or otherwise connected to the uptake or flue so as to
be capable of being folded down or removed.
The furnace F is rectangular in plan and is open at the bottom and is provided with
a grate g resting on suitable supports fixed to the sides of the lower portion of the
furnace.
The furnace is provided with a well fitting door, for stoking and charging fuel.
A suitable pyrometer is fitted, with a limb reaching inside the oven, to indicate the
temperature therein.
When the oven is to be transported, the two parts are readily taken asunder; the

page_text: oven proper with its outer casing can be easily carried by a mule or pony, whilst the
furnace with the chimney forms a load for another mule or pony.
A third mule or pony can readily carry the kneading trough, baskets, shovels for
stoking the fire, and other accessories for the working of the bakery.
The arrangement is such that the oven is equally heated, and the products of
combustion after having been uniformly distributed around the oven, escape into the
atmosphere through the flue T and chimney T¹.
When the pyrometer indicates that the temperature in the interior of the oven is
sufficiently high (it may, for example, be 300 degrees centrigrade) the firing is stopped,
and the oven is charged with bread. When the wood or other fuel is burnt so that
only embers remain, the dampers or registers 66 are closed by means of spindles
provided with handles or other means ", 1, as indicated in the drawing. When the
bread is baked, it is withdrawn; the furnace is again charged with fuel for a second
heating, thus causing the temperature, which will have fallen considerably, to again
quickly rise to a degree suitable for a second baking. This operation is continuously
repeated, and it will be found that 14 to 16 bakings may be accomplished in 24 hours,
each baking consisting of about 20 rations; so that, during the 24 hours, above
300 rations can be baked.
It will be obvious that the apparatus may be variously modified to suit particular
uses; for example, the oven can, if desired, be mounted on wheels, and be provided
with shafts, so that it can be used like a hand cart. In this case, at the end furthest
from the shafts, two hooks may be provided to which ropes may be applied to aid and
facilitate the transport on steep roads and hill sides.
The main parts of the improved oven are provided for convenience in handling,
with handles suitably placed as indicated in the drawings.
Ovens constructed according to this invention possess important advantages over
those hitherto employed; for example;
The complete absence of the products of combustion from the oven proper the
bread being baked by hot air and not by contact with the products of combustion.
The uniform distribution of the products of combustion over the heating surface
of the oven, by means of the deflector f.
The facility of regulating the temperature within the oven by means of the
dampers bbl, so that it can be adapted to various sorts of bread.
The portability of the oven for purposes of transport.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) The arrangement substantially as described whereby the oven proper or baking
chamber is heated and bread is baked without combustion of fuel within the oven
proper or baking chamber or admission of products of combustion into the same.
(2.) The means substantially as described for effecting practically uniform dis-
tribution of the products of combustion over the parts of the oven proper or baking
chamber to be heated.
(3.) In conjunction with the oven and the means substantially as described for
effecting practically uniform distribution of the products of combustion the
dampers adapted to enable the temperature to be regulated as set forth.
(4.) The construction of the apparatus in parts capable of being readily put
(together for use or taken apart for transport substantially as described.
(5.) My improved portable oven substantially as described with reference to the
annexed sheet of drawings.
Dated this 25th day of Fahnuo 1000