Improvements in Oil Engines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Mar., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 31st Dec., 1897-Accepted, 5th Mar., 1898
Improvements in Oil Engines.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM PINKNEY, of 77, Raglan Road, Smethwick, in the County
of Stafford, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
"
The object of my invention is to provide an engine, upon hat is known as the
four-cycle principle, which will work without objectionable shocks and strains on
the working parts, and in which ordinary hydrocarbons, such as commercial
petroleum, crude petroleum, or other heavy hydrocarbon oil, can be employed.
with advantage.
According to my invention the combustion chamber is provided with means for
cooling it, such for instance as a surrounding water-jacket, which may be a
continuation of, or in communication with, a water-jacket surrounding the
cylinder in which the piston works. The oil and air inlets are arranged so that
the oil and air enter the combustion chamber before they enter the vapourizer,
which may be in communication with the rear end of the combustion chamber,
the igniting arrangement being in communication with the vapourizer.
When the piston makes its charging, or forward, stroke, the oil and air are
drawn into the combustion chamber and cylinder, and, at or about the end of the
charging stroke, all the valves are closed, and, at the back, or compression, stroke
of the piston, the oil and air are forced into the combustion chamber and com-
pressed therein, a portion entering the vapourizer which is highly heated by a
petroleum lamp, or any other suitable heating device. The portion thus entering
the vapourizer becomes thoroughly gasified, whilst the portion in the combustion
chamber, being cooler, is in a less gasified condition. When the piston has reached
about the end of its compression stroke the portion of the charge of oil and air
which is in the vapourizer is ignited, which ignition may be effected by any suitable
means, such as an ignition tube, or an electric spark. The portion so ignited fires
back into the portion of the charge in the combustion chamber and completes the
gasification of the charge, and it explodes, or ignites, at a lesser rate than it
would do if the charge in the combustion chamber had in the first instance been
more highly heated and more perfectly gasified, and thus injurious shocks are
prevented, whilst I can employ heavy oils without the use of the large vapourizers
which would be necessary if the whole charge were thoroughly gasified at once. The
time at which the portion of the charge inside the vapourizer is ignited and enters
the portion of the charge inside the combustion chamber can be regu-
lated to suit the particular kind of oil employed, the heavier the oil the
earlier in the compression stroke will the ignition be effected, and vice versa. To
insure prompt ignition a small quantity of air, or of a mixture of air and oil, may
enter through the snift valve on the vapourizer during the charging stroke to
clear out exhaust gases from the vapourizer. The vapourizer can be fixed in any
convenient position on the combustion chamber, and the snift and inlet valves can
be operated either mechanically by gear operated by the engine, or automatically
by the vacuum tending to form inside the cylinder during the charging stroke.

page_text: The oil can be pumped into the passage controlled by the inlet valve, or be
drawn thereinto by the vacuum tending to form inside the cylinder during the
charging stroke.
.)
The speed of the engine can be governed by cutting off and admitting the oil as
required, or by spragging open the exhaust valve.
After the engine is started the lamp used for initially heating the vapourizer
can be extinguished or removed as the heat due to the working explosions will
be sufficient to maintain the necessary temperature for continuance of working.
Toted this 21st dove of March 1807.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM PINKNEY, of 77, Raglan Road, Smethwick, in the County
of Stafford, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to provide an engine, upon what is known as the
four-cycle principle, which will work without objectionable shocks and strains on
the working parts and in which ordinary hydrocarbons such as commercial
petroleum crude petroleum or other heavy hydrocarbon oil can be employed
with advantage.
In describing my invention I will refer to the accompanying drawing which
shews in vertical longitudinal section, so much of an engine as is necessary to
explain my invention, but I do not limit myself to the precise details shewn in
the drawing.
A, represents the cylinder and B the piston.
According to my invention the combustion chamber C, is provided with means
for cooling it, such for instance as a surrounding water-jacket, which may be as
shewn a continuation of, or in communication with the water-jacket surrounding
the cylinder A. The oil and air inlets are arranged so that the oil and air enter
the combustion chamber before they enter the vaporizer, which may be in
communication with the rear end of the combustion chamber, the igniting
arrangement being in communication with the vaporizer.
In the drawing the vaporizer is marked D), and it communicates with the
combustion chamber C, by the passage d. The igniter consists of a tube E, which
can be heated by a lamp as usual. The oil and air pass respectively by the pipe K
and orifice I into the chamber g, the passage from which to the combustion
chamber C, is controlled by the valve G, which is provided with a spring J,
tending, to close it.
When the piston B, makes its charging, or forward stroke, the valve G opens
and oil and air are drawn at a high velocity into the combustion chamber C, and
cylinder A by the pipe K and orifice I, respectively and the oil is thoroughly
broken up or sprayed, and, at or about the end of the charging stroke, of the
piston, all the valves are closed, and at the back, or compression stroke of the
piston B, the oil and air are forced and compressed into the combustion chamber C,
therein, a portion entering the vaporizer I) which is highly heated by a petroleum
lamp, or any other suitable heating device. The portion thus entering the
vapourizer becomes thoroughly gasified, whilst the portion in the combustion
chamber, being cooler, is in a less gasified condition. When the piston has

page_text: reached about the end of its compression stroke, the portion of the charge of the
oil and air which is in the vapourizer is ignited, which ignition may be effected
by any suitable means, such as an ignition tube E, as shewn or an electric spark.
The portion so ignited fires back into the portion of the charge in the combustion
chamber C, and completes the gasification of the charge, and it explodes, or ignites
at a lesser rate than it would do if the charge in the combustion chamber had in
the first instance been more highly heated and more perfectly gasified, and thus
injurious shocks are prevented, whilst I can employ heavy oils without the use of
the large vaporizers, which would be necessary if the whole charge were
thoroughly gasified at once. The time at which the portion of the charge inside
the vaporizer D, is ignited and enters the portion of the charge inside the
combustion chamber C, can be regulated to suit the particular kind of oil
employed, the heavier the oil the earlier in the compression stroke will the
ignition be effected and vice versa. To insure prompt ignition a small quantity of
air or of a mixture of air and oil, may enter through the snift valve F, on the
vapourizer D, during the charging stroke to clear out exhaust gases from
the vapourizer D. The vapourizer D can be fixed in any convenient position on the
combustion chamber C, and the snift valve F, and inlet valve G, can be operated
either mechanically by gear, operated by the engine or automatically by the
vacuum, tending to form inside the cylinder, during the charging stroke.
The oil can be pumped into the passage, controlled by the inlet valve (and also
into that controlled by the snift valve F if so desired) or be drawn thereinto by
the vacuum tending to form inside the cylinder, during the charging stroke.
The speed of the engine can be governed by cutting off and admitting the oil by
the inlet valve G, as required, or by spragging open the exhaust valve.
After the engine is started the lamp used for initially heating the vapourizer
can be extinguished or removed as the heat due to the working explosions will
be sufficient to maintain the necessary temperature for continuance of working.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In oil engines, inlets for oil and air situated between the working cylinder
and the vapourizer substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
2. In oil engines, means whereby a portion only of the charge is first gasified
and ignited and subsequently gasifies and ignites the main charge substantially
as and for the purposes herein before described.
3. In oil engines, the arrangement and combination of parts as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 31st day of December 189.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.