Improvements in the Manufacture of Gas for Illuminating and Heating Purposes, and in or connected with Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 10th July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 11th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 9th July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Gas for Illuminating and
Heating Purposes, and in or connected with Apparatus therefor.
I, JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of 22, Marsden Street, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has mainly reference to those processes of making illuminating
and heating gas in which tar or other hydrocarbon liquid is employed and converted
into gos and mixed with crude coal gas in a heated duct.
It has been found that when tar is converted into gas and such gas mixed with
crude coal gas and its ammoniacal vapours in a heated duct, that the
process resulted
in so hardening the tarry residuals that their removal from the duct was rendered
very difficult.
In the manufacture of gas from coal and tar according to this invention, I gasify
the tar in one chamber of a heated duct, and I mix the tar gas and the crude coal
gas in a second and separate chamber of such heated duct. The result is that the
tar residuals do not become hardened, and the duct can be easily cleaned, and much
higher results in the quality and quantity of the gas produced are given.
crude gas does not come in contact with the liquid tar, which is converted into gas,
but mixes with said tar gas in a separate chamber of the heated duct.
The
A convenient form of apparatus for the carrying out of this invention consists of
a double chamber or duct, cach portion of which is provided with a central horizontal
diaphragm, heated to a suitable heat, one portion being in communication with the
ordinary coal gas making retorts of a bench and the other portion being the tar
gas making retort, the gas from which flows through the passages into the first
named portion where it meets and mixes with the crude coal gas and they pass on
together without the crude coal gas coming near the liquid tar. Baffle plates are
provided in the mixing portion of the duct to assist the mixing of the gases.
Dated this 9th day of July 1891.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Gas for Illuminating and
Heating Purposes, and in or connected with Apparatus therefor.
I, JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of 22, Marsden Street, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention has mainly reference to those processes of making illuminating
and heating gas in which tar or other hydrocarbon liquid is employed and
converted into gas and mixed with crude coal gas in a heated duct.
It has been found that when tar is converted into gas, and such gas mixed with
crude coal gas and its ammoniacal vapours, in a heated duct, that the process
resulted in so hardening the tarry residuals that their removal from the duct was
rendered very difficult.
In the manufacture of gas from coal and tar according to this invention, I gasify
the tar in one chamber of a heated duct, and I mix the tar gas and the crude coal
gas in a second and separate chamber of such heated duct. The result is that the

page_text: Lar residuals do not become hardened, and the duct can be easily cleaned and much
higher results in the quality and quantity of the gas produced are given. The
crude gas does not come in contact in the tar distilling part with the liquid tar,
which is converted into gae, but mixes with the tar gas produced from it in a
separate chamber or conduit of the apparatus.
In the drawings which serve to illustrate this invention,
"
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus according thereto.
Figure 2 is an end elevation partly in outside view, and partly in cross
in cross section, at
the line X. X. of same.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation shewing a modified construction, and Figure 4 is
a cross section at the line Y. Y. of same.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation ; and
Figure 6 is a plan shewing another modification under the invention: Figures 7
to 10 being details thereof.
By the apparatus shewn in Figures 1 and 2, both coal and tar (or other analogous
hydrocarbon) are distilled. By the apparatus shewn in Figures 3 and 4, and 5 and 8,
the tar is distilled, and the reheating of the coal gas and tar gas above specified is
effected, and the two gases combined and homogeneously mixed.
Throughout the different views of the drawings, the same letters and figures of
reference are used to denote the same or like parts wherever they occur.
Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, a designates generally the apparatus or retort
in which the combined process of coal and tar distillation is carried on. The coal
is introduced into and distilled in the lower portion of this retort as shewn in the
drawings, the charge being designated c. Then between the roof b and 'the bottom
of the retort are introduced two partial diaphragms or shelves, d and e, respectively,
In the space t between the shelves d and e the tar is introduced and distilled, whilst
the spacer between d and the roof is the conduit or duct through which the coul
and tar gases produced are passed, and by which they are heated, and converted to
permanent gas. The coal is introduced into the retort through the doorway of the
door and the mouthpiece, whilst the tar is introduced into the space t through
a tube disposed vertically and towards the back end of such space. The tar
which is supplied through the pipe is caused to pass. through the centre thereof
and fall directly on to the diaphragm e, it being fed to said pipe by the ordinary
trapped funnel feed pipe i. ' is a wire connected to the pipe of the device i, and
by which the tar is guided centrally down the pipe.h.
At the outlet end of the retort a a cooling device, by which the combined gases,
directly upon leaving the retort, are 'artificially cooled, is provided and constitutes
part of the outlet pipe 1. This may consist of water-jacketted, part through
which water is caused to circulate or cold air, or equivalent means may be
employed. The cooling conduit & and outlet pipe are vertical descending pipes.
The portion is connected directly onto or springs from the outlet mouth m, so that
the artificial cooling of the gas commences practically instantly upon its leaving the
retort. The pipe may be continued into an hydraulic main placed on or near the
ground or as shewn in Figures 5 and 6.
'
.1
With respect to the artificial cooling passage.k, it will be observed that this
passage (and the pipe 1) are disposed under the mouth m and cause the gases to.
descend direct into the hydraulic or other inain below it. By providing this
artificially cooled portion below the mouth m, matters in the gases, such as pitchy
matters, which are cooled and condensed by it, naturally fall and flow directly into
said main. The effect of these cool condensed matters flowing down the pipe..
surface keep the whole of the pipe from the mouth m to the hydraulic main p, moist
on its surface, and prevents any possibility of a deposition and, accumulation of
solids thereon.
In the reheating conduit, in some cases, I provide downwardly, projecting webs:bl
as shewu, by which the homogeneous mixing of the two gases is facilitated.
The mode of operation of and effects resulting from the use of the above apparatus
are as follows The coal is distilled in the lower part of the retort, as stated, and

page_text: the gases given off are instantly heated upon generation and continued to be heated
in passing through the heating conduit at the ton of the apparatus, and suffer no
cooling whatever until treatment is completed. The effect of this is that the unfixed
gases given off from the coal in their nascent state, are subjected to heat before
they leave the apparatus without any interruption and are rendered permanent.
The tar falling on to the diaphragm e which of course will be red hot with the rest
of the retort, is partially vapourized upon falling on to the diaphragm, and the
diaphragm being inclined in the manner shewn, the unevaporated portion will flow
down it, and become almost entirely, if not entirely, evaporated by the time it
reaches the free end thereof: Should, however, any unevaporated tar reach this
end, it will fall on to the coking fuel below, and will be there evaporated or coked
with the coal: hence by this construction, if there are any pitch deposits, these can
be easily withdrawn with the coke when it is discharged from the retort.
These tar gases, so produced, being in a nascent state and the coal gases also
being in a similar state, and under the influence of a temperature such as hereafter
specified, combine very readily, and by continued heating in passing through the
heating conduit, the tarry vapours become fixed. By this combination with both
coal and tar gases in a nascent state, and by the continued heating subsequently
to the combination, such unions of the tar and other gases are made, and perma-
nently made, and result in the production of gas of a very high and illuminative
power and large volume.
The temperature to which the retort or apparatus may be maintained at with
advantage is, about, between 1,300 and 1,700 deg. Fahrenheit, the mean of which
is 1,500. Buth or all the chambers may be maintained at this temperature, but the
quantity of heat which will have to be supplied to the tar distilling chamber or port
of the apparatus to maintain it at this temperature, will be much greater than that
required to maintain the gas heating duct or conduit at the same temperature.
In Figure 1 shew a pipe o on the mouthpiece. This pipe is provided to
conduct coal gas-by preference ordinary crude gas coming direct from ordinary
coal retorts of a gas works, or the hydraulic or equivalent main-into the retort,
and to mix with the coal gas made therein. By this manner of working, assuming
the illuminating coal gas made in the retort a were a high candle power, and that
being introduced into the retort through were a lower power (both produced from
coal of a quality equivalent to that known as ordinary Lancashire or Yorkshire
coal not cannel), the passing of the low candle gas through the heating duct r
would raise it, the resultant combined gas-regarding quality would be the mean
of these two gases, and the proportion of the two quantities could be varied as
required, to give tho quality of gas desired.
i
↓
As a modification, the means and provisions just described with reference to
Figures 1 and 2 for distillating tar may be omitted, and the apparatus adapted to
distil coal only. (This, however, may also be done by not supplying tar to the
apparatus shewn in Figures 1 and 2, the same end being effected). This difference
of construction is effected by the absence of the diaphragm é and the tube hin
Figures 1 and 2. Otherwise than in these respects the construction of the modified
retort could be the same as that above described. The process, in this case, is that
coal would be introduced into the retort through the doorway covered normally by
the doorf, and the mouthpiece in the usual way and distilled. The gas given off
would enter the reheating conduit practically directly it is given off without
interruption, and without any cooling whatever, and its heating continued in passing
through said conduit, wherein its tarry or other non-permanent vapours would
become fixed, substantially in the manner above set forth with reference to
Figures and 2.
This modified arrangement may also be employed to increase the illuminating
power of crude gas (which would be introduced through the pipe o) made in
other ordinary or like retorts in the same manner as set forth with reference to
Figures 1 and 2.
The modified construction of apparatus according to this invention shewn in

page_text: .
Figures 3 and 4, is adapted to distil tar and treat coal gas, and effect the fixing of
the non-permanent vapours of coal gas after sucli-gas has been partially cooled for
instance what is called "crude gas." The construction of the apparatus as regards
the tar distilling portion, is the same as that set forth with reference to Figures 1
and 2, namely, it has a diaphragme which is inclined, the free end being close to the
door, and so arranged with respect thereto that a scraper can easily be inserted,
and its surface scraped with facility by the operator, whilst the tar is introduced
at the back end of the retort but in this case it is carried back again through
a conduit t (but this is not essential, if length of duct is provided, making it of a
single length instead of a return type) before mixing with the other gas (as in
Figures 1 and 2); and the heating conduit ris at the side of the tar distilling
portion t, in lieu of above it as in Figures 1 and 2, and is a double or a turned
one, it being separated therefrom by the vertical partition d' as will be presently.
be described.
'
The coal gas, in a crude state, preferably, is introduced by the pipe.o, which is
continued down through the roof of the retort, and into the diaphragm d
opening out into the lower part of the reheating conduit r, (this pipe o being
deposited at the back of the retort), and passes along same to the front of the
retort, then up, and then back through the upper part of the conduit ŕ directly
above it, from whence it passes into the ontlet in, and then through the artificially
cooled passage k. It will be seen, in this example, by the retort a being divided
vertically by the vertical partition d, the portions t, on the left hand side of
Figure 4 are confined to the treatment of the tar and its vapours, whilst the double,
or return heating passage on the right hand side of the figure is employed for
treating such tar gas and coal gas. The union of the tar and coal gases takes
place at the back end of the retort and at the lower portion, and after the tar gas
is made in the conduit or portion't, and has been beated in passing through the
heating conduit directly below it (from which conduit it passes into the conduit r
in the same horizontal plane as itself, and into which the coal gas is being introduced,
through an aperture in the vertical diaphragm d'), the combined gases will then
flow towards the front, then up, then back through the upper conduit, and out of
the retort, and finally through the descending artificially cooled conduit k into an
hydraulic or other main. The material of which the retorts in all cases are
preferably made, is cast iron or steel. This material is preferable by reason of
the rapidity at which it conducts heat, it being necessary, I have found, in practising
with this process, that for tar distilling it is essential to have heat conducted rapidly
to the parts in which it is distilled. If these parts were made of clay this would
not be the case.
In the modifications shown in Figures 5 to 10, tar is introduced at one end on the
conduit from the tar pipe, and crude gas is also introduced at the same end
through the pipe, the tar from it being introduced into the pipe o, and flowing down
into the conduit together with the crude gas. A detachable spout h supported
by a leg h³ is provided in the mouth of the apparatus; to guide and discharge
the tar in the manner shewn. When the conduit is cleaned, the spout. his
removed, it being a loose fit in the pipe o, and merely propped by the leg h³.
This heating duct or retort is inclined as shewn, and the tar flows down it towards
the outlet end m.
The crude gas flowing out of h eddies about the mouth of the conduit t, but
does not pass through same, but flows up through the heated conduit on the top
of the apparatus aud above t, and the tar gas or vapours produced in combine
with the crude gas about the entrance of the upper conduit r, and in passing
through, are, together with the unfixed vapours in the crude gas, rendered
permanent in passing through this upper conduit in the manner already described.
These combined gases leave the outlet m by the artificially cooled descending
outlet pipe which is attached to an inverted box p, dipping into an open
trough q containing a suitablo liquid, and forming there a seal.
The conduit & is continued down by the pipe. which also dips into the liquid

page_text: of the trough g, but this part of the pipe has apertures ", which, when the
apparatus is working, are opened as shewn in Figure 5, in which case the gas
enters the inverted box p above the level of the liquid. When, however, it is.
desired to isolate or shut off a retort, the sleeve fitting over l, is raised and
covers the apertures ; the outlet is then sealed by the liquid.
A plurality of heating apparatus such as shown may be arrangolt in a single
setting, and suitably heated by a furnace or furnaces, and may have a common
outlet box into which they will all discharge, the gas being led from this box by
a. suitable conduit.
Regarding the distillation of the tar, I may so feed the tar that it will be
practically all distilled in the heated chamber or conduit ; but by a mode of
treatment and manufacture of gas according to this invention, tho tar
in some
cases caused to pass through the distilling conduit iu a liquid stream, in which
case the residue of liquid tar arriving in the outlet end m, is conveyed away there-
from by a pipe t', the process in this case being that the lighter constituents, only,
of the tar are distilled from it, whilst the heavier residue is carried off at the end by
the pipe t¹. The effect in this case is, that the properties or the tar which possess high
illuminating powers when distilled; are those, and those only, which are distilled, and
hence the quality of the combined gases produced by this mode of operation is high
in illuminative power. Also, those properties or constituents of the tar which,
when gasified, tend to cause deposits and stoppages in the pipes of gas apparatus,
are not generated, or introduced into the apparatus, and therefore this mode
removes or obviates the danger of stoppages from such causes. To carry on this
last described mode with facility, the parts through which the tar runs should all
have a suitable fall to the pipe t as shewn.
By the arrangement shewn in Figures 5 to 10, the tar gases or vapours given
off first from the tar (these being the lighter constituents of it), and which require
tlie least quantity of heat to render them practically fixed or permanent, obtain this
Sinall quantity of heat; whilst the gases from the heavier constituents of the tar
which will be distilled in the back end of the conduit or chamber t, (that is that
part nearest the outlet), will, in travelling back to the entrance of r, be subjected
to the heat a greater length of time, and consequently receive a greater quantity.
of heat, this being required for their conversion to the permanent, condition.
Hence, this arrangement suits and complies with the conditions necessary as regards
beating the different portions, or constituents of the tar and its distillates.
To examine and clean the parts of this apparatus shewn, suitable doors are
provided; for instance the surfaces of the heating conduit can be cleaned by
removing the front door and a door m' at the other end, the latter door also
serving as a means of access to the interior of the cooling pipe k. The outlet tar
pipe can also be cleaned through the covered aperture t. This aperture also
serves as a means of scraping the bottom of the lower part of the outlet m.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim in respect of the herein described invention is:-
1. Apparatus for making illuminating and heating gas, consisting of a chamber
or vessel containing a separate space for distilling coal, a separate space for distilling
tar (or other equivalent hydro-carbon), and a space or conduit in which the coal
and tar gases combine and through which they pass; arranged and adapted to
operate substantially as herein set forth.
2. Apparatus for making illuminating and heating gas, consisting of a chamber
or vessel containing two or more conduits or chambers, divided by a shelf or shelves
said shelf or shelves being accessible from the end door of the apparatus for
cleaning; substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
3. Apparatus for making illuminating and heating gas, consisting of a chamber
or vessel containing a separate chamber in which tar (or analogous hydro-carbon)
is distilled, and a chamber or conduit in which gas is introduced, and whereinto

page_text: also the tar gases or vapours are introduced, and whereby said coal gas and tar
gases or vapours are heated, mixed, and rendered permanent; substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
4. In the manufacture of illuminating and heating gas, effecting in self-contained
apparatus the distillation of tar into gases or vapours in a chamber thereof, and
passing said tar gases out of said chamber into a separate or other chamber or
conduit, and mixing therewith crude coal gas; and passing such combined gases
through said separate or other conduit wherein they are heated and rendered
permanent; and then cooling said combined' gases upon leaving, the apparatus ;
substantially as set forth..
5. The arrangement and construction of apparatus substantially as herein set
forth, whereby the tar is distilled, and the lighter vapours or constituents given off,
receive the smaller quantity of heat, whilst the denser constituents of the tar and
its vapours or gases receive the greater quantity of heat; substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
6. The manufacture of illuminating and heating gas from tar and coal, by
introducing tar into a heated chamber or conduit, and causing such tar to pass
through said conduit in a stream, whereby the lighter constituents only of the tar
are given off, and also introducing into said apparatus coal gas, said coal gas and'
lighter tar vapours or gases being passed together through a heating chamber or
conduit; substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.
7. The apparatus for making illuminating and heating gas, constructed particularly
as set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings.
8. The apparatus for making illuminating and heating gas, constructed particularly
as set forth with reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings.
9. Apparatus for making illuminating and heating gas, comprising a chamber for
distilling tar and a chamber for heating the tar gases produced together with coal
gas, suitably introduced, constructed and operating as set forth with reference to
Figures 5 and 6 of the drawings.
¦
10. The apparatus for making illuminating and heating gas, having its parts
arranged and constructed particularly as set forth with reference to Figures 5 to 10
of the drawings.
8°°
ated this 9th day of April 1892.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents: