A NEW, EXPEDITIOUS, AND ADVANTAGEOUS METHOD, BY A PARTICULAR KIND OF MACHINERY, OF DRYING AND TENTERING ALL SORTS OF WOVEN MANUFACTURED GOODS, SUCH AS BROAD CLOTHS, NARROW CLOTHS, WORSTED GOODS OF ALL DENOMINATIONS, LIKEWISE NORWICH AND MANCHESTER CRAPES, COTTONS, VELVETS, STUFFS, AND ALL OTHER WOVEN MANUFACTURED GOODS WHATSOEVER, WHETHER MADE OF WOOL COTTON SILK, FLAX, OR HEMP
Year: 1783

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSHUA
GREEN, of Middleton, near Leeds, in the County of York, Farmer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
the Second day of October, in the twenty-third year of His said Majesty's
reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Joshua Green, His especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joshua Green,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the
term of fourteen years therein expressed, use, exercise, and vend, within that
part of His Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion
of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A NEW,
EXPEDITIOUS, AND ADVANTAGEOUS METHOD, BY A PARTICULAR KIND OF MACHINERY,
OF DRYING AND TENTERING ALL SORTS OF WOVEN MANUFACTURED GOODS, SUCH AS
BROAD CLOTHS, NARROW CLOTHS, WORSTED GOODS OF ALL DENOMINATIONS, LIKEWISE
NORWICH AND MANCHESTER CRAPES, COTTONS, VELVETS, STUFFS, AND ALL OTHER
WOVEN MANUFACTURED GOODS WHATSOEVER, WHETHER MADE OF WOOL, COTTON, SILK,
FLAX, OR HEMP ;" in which said recited Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Joshua Green, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar months after
the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the said Letters Patent
(relation being thereunto had, may more at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Joshua
Green, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention is principally,
chiefly, and simply performed by motion of great velocity acted, compelled,
and continued by centrifugal and centripetal forces, which said motion, with
proper machinery, will raise, make, and generate large quantities of artificial air
or wind, and the cloth or stuff being properly tentered, stretched, or extended to
the lengths and breadths required upon the machine herein-after delineated and
described in the Plan hereunto annexed, such air or wind, being raised, made,
or generated by the motion and force aforesaid, will act upon the cloth or stuff
so extended, and tho' in a total wet state or condition at the beginning of the
operation, will progressively and expeditiously carry the said cloth or stuff to a
state or condition of dryness, and in all kinds and sorts of weather, which will
be of great utility and facility to all kinds of manufacturers of woven goods.
For, first, in rainy weather or weather of no drought, by this machine and
method the workmen can proceed without loss of time, and also without
danger, for many kinds of delicate goods are much injured by rain; but by the
method hereafter described that difficulty will be wholly 'obviated, the
principal machinery, cloth, or stuff will, during all or the most part of the
operation, be wholly enclosed, surrounded, or insulated. Second, a hot or
brilliant sun hurts or injures some kinds of delicate coloured goods, which
by the said intended method will be prevented. Third, high winds in some
directions.upon the cloths or stuffs upon the tenters in the open air, as now
generally practised, often do injury, which by this method will also be
prevented. Fourth, frosts also do injury, and if sharp prevent the workmen
from tentering them, which, with any other inconveniences too tedious to
mention, by this intended method will be prevented, a Plan of which machine
is hereunto annexed, and the same is described in 'manner, following, that is
to say:
, as
A, A, A, A, A, a large wheel or cylinder forty feet diameter and twelve feet
broad upon the face or periphery, sufficient to contain. two-setts of tenters for
two Leeds broad cloths, which tenters are more 'fully explained and described
upon the section No. 2; but the breadth of the said wheel, as also the diametër,
may be varied suitable to different manufactories, for Manchester goods, and
most kinds of stuffs, .will not require a machine óf such magnitude. B,B,B,B,B,
three setts of arms or spokes, twelve in each sett, mortised into an axis 'near

page_text: two feet diameter and twelve feet six inches long; the other ends of the arms
are mortised into twelve heads, about six inches square, which arms and heads
support the periphery of the wheel or cylinder hereafter described upon the
section No. 2. C, C, C, C, C, two setts of circular cribs to each sett of
arms for supporting and strengthening the said arms. D, D, D, D, D, one
sett of barrs in straight lines to each sett of arms, for further supporting and
strengthening the said arms, and from which another double sett of tenters,
either circular or in straight lines, may be erected for drying and tentering
narrower cloths or stuffs; it is even possible or practicable upon or within
the said cylinder to erect a third double sett near to the outward circular crib.
And for raising and generating artificial air deal boards about twelve feet long
are to be fixed or nailed cross or conjugate the three setts of arms, which
also will help to bind the machine stronger together, as well as serve for vanns
or ventilators to raise, by the motion caused by the centrifugal force aforesaid,
as much air or wind as is necessary. The said deal boards may begin near
the inner circular crib next the axis, and proceed towards the periphery at
pleasure, or as far as is necessary for such quantities of air as may be requisite.
E, E, two galleries about four feet below the center, which also go conjugate
or cross before the face of the wheel or cylinder, for the workmen to stand
upon to tenter, untenter, and perform other operations necessary; the said
galleries ought each to be four feet broad and fifteen feet long the conjugate
way. Another gallery ought also to be erected the transverse way on the
outside of the case or building, to open a communication or road for the
workmen between the two galleries aforesaid. F, F, a building of stone or
brick raised up to the center or axis, each side wall to be forty-two feet long
by fifteen feet broad, at each end, in which one half of the wheel or cylinder is
concealed. G, a frame of wood for one of the two sides of the case or
covering above the 'center, for the whole cylinder, with its contents, as before
proposed, to be inclosed or insulated, not only to prevent rain, hail, or snow
from falling upon the cloth, stuff, or machinery, but also to exclude as much
as possible the external air, especially when either a sharp frost or moist bazy
weather should happen to be, for which purpose conjugate covering or roofing
must also inclose and surround the two semicircular frames of woodwork;
and the two places of tentéring, untentering, brushing, and other works
necessary to be done during such operations, which are obliged to be open,
must have moveable coverings which may be easily shut and opened, as
circumstances require, but when wholly inclosed the generating artificial air
will act more forceably and effectually upon the cloth or stuff. H, H; in the
two angles of the stone or brick part of the building or case may be erected

page_text: two Small Stoves, which as may be
mentioned:
сло ра
First, to keep the machinery, case, and building in order and perfectly dry.
Second, in cold, rainy, and frosty weather, by proper funnels or pipes, to
convey warm air up to the workmen upon the galleries.
Third, in sharp frosts, to prevent the cloth from freezing during the operation
of putting it on the tenters.
Fourthly, in moist hazy weather, such warm air, partially communicating
with the cloth or stuff during the operation, may in some measure facilitate and
expedite such operation, and give the cloth or stuff a better or brisker hand, as
the workmen term it; but this must be done with caution, for too much heat
would injure the goods, as is already experienced in their drying stoves.
No. 2, the section of the tenter barrs and periphery of the wheel or
cylinder. a, a, a, a, a, twelve circular tenter barrs, or segments of a
circle, fix'd and framed to the arms and heads, as described in No. 1, at
B, B, B, B, B, on which barrs are placed two setts of tenter hooks or crooks.
b, b, b, b, b, two other setts of twelve circular sliding or moveable barrs to
answer the last-mentioned twelve circular barrs, by which means two cloths in
breadth may be tentered at once, as mentioned, upon A, A, A, A, A. The
reason of the tenter barrs upon this machine being proposed circular is, for
the purpose and convenience of performing other operations, as brushing,
raising, and other works necessary; but for stuffs, and such goods as need no
such operation during the time of drying, straight barrs will answer. Then
the machine may by made a polygon of eight, ten, or twelve sides and angles,
as those inner barrs proposed aforesaid upon D, D, D, D, D. c, c, one
method of stretching or extending cloths to their respective breadths required
is by screws, which being fixed to the outward frame, and taking hold of the
moveable or sliding barr b, b, draws it, and consequently the cloth, to the
breadth required. d, d, a second method, is by rolls, and two ends of fine
girth web to each roll. The rolls may be about three inches diameter, and at
each end must have a rag wheel with its catch, so fine as to vary the
extension of the cloth to the eighth part of an inch; the rolls to be wrought
round with a small iron lever. This method I think preferable to the above,
c, c, especially in expedition. e, e, a third method, is by two thin small iron
plates fastened at one end to the moveable barr, and going thro' a fine grove
in the outward part or frame of the machine, the said plates having a number
of holes punch'd or cut in a quincunx form for the greater nicety of extension,
and may be tightened or extended by means of two very small iron levers, one
in each hand, and when extended a small iron pin may be left in one of the

page_text: holes to preserve the extension during the operation. This method is of least
expence, and may serve for stuffs or such thin goods as do not require much
power for the extension or breadth.
No. 3, the horse machinery to turn or impell the said wheel cylinder
or machine, with the cloth or stuffs thereon, to its necessary and required
velocity; but as other powers, as water, &c., may be applied, and as a slight
inspection of the Plan is sufficient, I shall not minutely describe, but only
just observe that my large machine, above forty feet diameter, is calcu-
lated to sixty miles within the hour, if the horse or horses walk three miles
within the said hour. This machine, as is evident from the Plan, is upon
a vertical construction, which for woollen cloths, especially coarse ones, is
much preferable, because there is a complaint among the workmen in the
common way that the cloth hanging breadthway on the tenters, the lower
edge or list of the said cloth, and near it, will not be so dry as the upper part,
neither so even in thickness, especially in windy weather; but by the above
proposed machine and vertical method both these difficulties will be obviated,
for being properly extended upon the wheel or cylinder, and revolved round
the axis rotatively by the centrifugal force endway of the cloth, will naturally
leave the whole cloth more perfectly even and the two lists or edges perfectly
similar. I believe a horizontal machine, with its building and covering, may
be erected at less expence, and perhaps may answer for some sorts of stuffs or
thin goods; but it matters not in what form, direction, or manner such
machines are constructed and erected, provided motion producing or generating
artificial air or wind be in any manner applyed; such variations and different
constructions are supposed, intended, and meant to be within the meaning of
the above-recited Letters Patent.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joshua Green, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand seven hundred and eighty-four, and in the twenty-
fourth year of the reign of our said Sovereign Lord George the Third,
by the grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King,
Defender of the Faith, and so forth.
Sealed and delivered (being first duly
stomat) in the presence of
JOSHUA GREEN. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the Twenty-third day of January,
in the twenty-fourth year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Third,
the said Joshua Green came before the said Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the several Statutes made
in the sixth year of the reign of the late King and Queen William and Mary
of England, and in the seventeenth and twenty-third years of the reign of His
Majesty King George the Third, and so forth.
Inrolled the said Twenty-third day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and eighty-four.