Improvements in Water Tube Boilers, and Setting therefor.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 25th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 27th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Water Tube Boilers, and Setting therefor.
A communication from AMASA WORTHINGTON, of 30 Cortlandt Street,
New York, U.S.A., Boiler Maker.
I, GEORGE RICHMOND, of 8 Quality Court, London, W.C. Mechanical Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to water tube boilers and the setting therefor and more
particularly to those in which a series of tubular elements are appropriately
connected with steam and water drums and co-operate therewith.
My improved boiler is provided with the usual steam-and-water drum, to and
from which the water is caused to circulate through tubes exposed to the fire.
The characteristic construction of the boiler will be readily apprehended when it is
stated that a section of the same perpendicular to the axis of the steam-and-water
drum also cuts at right angles the axes of the two smaller water drums, and that
the centres of the three drums in this plane of section form an isosceles triangle
of which the steam-and-water drum forms the apex, and the two water drums
respectively the extremities of the base. These three drums are so connected by
tubular elements that when a fire is placed under the latter an automatic circulation
is set up, namely of colder water descending from the steam-and-water drum to the
two water drums and a warmer current ascending from the water drums to the
steam-and-water drum.
Each tubular element consists of a series of straight tubes the ends of which are
respectively expanded into headers. These headers are straight, that is, the axes
of all the tubes in each element are in one plane, nevertheless, by the arrangement
adopted greater compactness is obtained than with the more usual, and costly plan
of staggering the headers.
Each tubular element thus forms a rectangle; one of its headers is connecte.l
by a short tubular connection with the steam-and-water drum the other being
connected in a similar manner with one of the water drums. These pipe connections
are all made preferably by expanding the pipes. The connections are at opposite
diagonal points of the rectangle formed by the nest of tubes and their headers; so
that each element is suspended at an angle approximating forty-five degrees.
When in position each tubular element is situated in a vertical plane perpendicular
to the three drums. They are arranged alternately right and left, for example, if
the first element of the series connects with the right hand water drum the second
connects with the left hand water drum and so on. Two series are thus formed
and the headers of the one series stand clear of those of the other series so that the
tubes can be brought as close together as desired. The two series together form a
triangular archway which is the combustion chamber of the boiler. The grate 18
placed below on suitable setting or may be supported upon the longitudinal water
drums.
At the extremities of the furnace in a relatively cooler location are straight tube
connections between the steam-and-water drum and each of the water drums, and
the two latter may be connected. When the action of the heat upon the tubes of
the tubular elements causes the water therein to rise towards the steam-and-water
drum this is rapidly displaced by the cooler water descending in the straight and
larger tubes above mentioned.
The furnace doors may be at either end of the boiler in a vertical plane parallel

page_text: to those of the tubes. In this case the length of the drums is limited by the
practically available length of the furnace. While this is a suitable arrangement
for a small boiler I prefer to place the furnace doors at the side; in which case
the drums can be made of any suitable length and as many furnace doors provided
as necessary. When the doors are placed at the side a special frame is provided
for the same. This frame, which is hollow, communicates by both its legs with the
water drum beneath it, of which it forms practically an extension.
Those headers
of the tubular elements whose direct communication with the water drum are thus
cut off by the frame are connected with the hollow arch of this frame and thereby
are placed in communication with the drum itself by way of the hollow vertical
legs of the frame.
When the boiler is fired as above described from the side, the end frames are
preferably made of cast iron suitably lined with non-combustible material. These
frames serve, not only to close the ends of the boiler but to support the same
provision being made to support the three drums (extended for this purpose) within
the frames. These end frames are connected with cross ties which form a frame-
work to receive the casing. This casing consists preferably of sheet iron suitably
lined with asbestos or other non-combustible material, & the sides where the
headers of the tubular elements come together are made removable or are hinged
in the form of doors so that access can be readily had to all and each of the tubes ;
for which purpose the headers are provided with hand holes opposite each tube and
suitably covered by plates & bolts in the usual manner. Thus the whole boiler is
readily accessible and can be erected with little or no masonry or brickwork, &
can be made of any desired capacity by simple repetition of the parts.
Dated 3rd September 1894.
A communication from AMASA WORTHINGTON, Boiler Maker, Brooklyn,
New York, U.S.A.
I, GEORGE RICHMOND, of 8 Quality Court, London W.C. Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention, while relating generally to sectional steam boilers and the setting
of the same has reference more particularly to that class of such boilers in which a
series of water tubes or a plurality of such series is or are combined with appropriate
steam and water drums and co-operate therewith.
My improved sectional boiler consists of a series of tubular elements placed side
by side and alternately inclined in opposite directions. Each tubular element
consists of a number of straight tubes, the ends of which are respectively united
to two headers. Each is connected at the lower end through the intermediary of
the header and down flow pipe to one or other of the two water drums, and at the
upper end in a similar manner to the steam-and-water drum. The archway formed
between the oppositely inclined tubular elements makes the combustion chamber
beneath which are arranged the grate bars.
The furnace doors may be at the end, but since in this case, the length of the
drums and therefore of the boiler, is limited by the length which it is practical to
give to the fire box I prefer to place the doors at the side, in which case the boiler
may be of any desired length having as many furnace doors as may be required.

page_text: This construction is therefore first shown and described while the simpler arrenge-
ment, suitable for small boilers is illustrated in connection with the description of
my improved setting for this class of boiler. This setting does away with the
customary masonry and brick work, which is costly, occupies a large space and
renders access to the tubes difficult. It consists in a boiler setting composed of
independent panels or sections, preferably though not necessarily of metal, united
to form a structure, in which the boiler is not only supported and enclosed, but a
fire box or furnace therefore provided. It likewise consists in certain minor
combinations and arrangements of parts intering into the structure of the setting,
all as will hereinafter more fully appear.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a vertical transverse section of a boiler and furnace constructed and set
in accordance with my invention taken on the plane x x of Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 a vertical longitudinal section of the same taken in the plane y y of
Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 a front elevation of the water arch.
Fig. 4 a vertical transverse section of such water arch taken in the plane
of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a front elevation of a boiler set in accordance with my invention and
fired from the end.
Fig. 6 a side view of such parts seen looking from the right hand of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 a transverse sectional detail of the side casing.
Fig. 8 a similar transverse sectional detail of a slightly modified form thereof.
A A¹ indicate the water tubes which in my preferred form of construction, are
arranged in series with the individual tubes of each series disposed the one above
the other and B B' B' B³ the water tube headers in which, the ends of the water
tubes A A are respectively secured by expanding the same in suitably shaped
orifices formed therein. The series of water tubes A, with its headers B B' form
a tubular element in the construction of the boiler which is inclined to the horizon
in one direction, and alternates with another tubular element composed of the series
of tubes A and its headers B B similarly inclined in the opposite direction.
As thus disposed, the tubular elements lie side by side, and the length of the
boiler depends upon the number of such elements so arranged.
Connected with the upper ends of the headers B B2, by tubes a is a steam-and-
water drum C, which preferably extends throughout the entire length of the
boiler, and below the tubular elements A A' in positions substantially under their
respective lower ends and connected with the steam and water drum C by downflow
tubes, are water drums D D', one of which, the drum D¹, for instance, is connected
with the lower end of the headers B' by tubes d.
Located under the water tubes A A¹, and steam-and-water drum C is the fire
box or furnace E, which is provided with suitable grate bars e, that, as here shown,
are supported at their ends by the water diums 1) D', which are connected by
pipes, and preferably extending throughout the length of the boiler are in turn,
supported by suitable masonry piers F or otherwise. The doors M of the fire box
are arranged along the side or sides thereof in such a manner as to permit of the
fuel being supplied longitudinally of the tubes under their ends, whereby the.
distance back from the doors within which the firing or stoking is effected will
be the same no matter how many series of water tubes A A¹ arranged side by side,
may be employed, or what the consequent length of the boiler may be-see Figs. 1
and 2. To provide for this location of the doors of the firebox or furnace upon
its side whereby the stoking is effected transversely of the boiler, the tubes d' by
means of which the lower ends of the headers B³ are connected with the water
drum D are dispensed with at the points where the doors are to be located, and
water arches of substantially the form of the doors or stoke holes employed in
lieu thereof for making this connection. These water arches are best shown in
Figs. 3 and 4 and consist of the body portion g and the depending portion
or legs h. h, the former of which is preferably made of a rectangular form in,

page_text: cross-section, while the latter, in my preferred form of construction, are made of a
circular form, and are provided at their lower ends with the offset portion i, i, by
means of which facility in securing them to the water drum D is afforded,
although, as will be understood with reference to Fig. 1, the exact form of these
water arches, and the manner in which they are secured to the water drum D, are
not essential, so long as the arches are of the proper shape to be secured to the
headers B³ and drum D, and permit of the fuel being passed in below them, and
above the water drum.
In some instances I construct these water arches with their body portions g, of
such length that, when such arches are placed side by side, these body portions
will extent as a practically continuous chain throughout the series, in which event
the intermediate tubes d', will be dispensed with, and the entire row or series of
headers B connected with the water drum D through water arches I as shown, for
instance, in Fig. 1. In other instances I make the body portion 9 of the arches of
such length, and so locate the arches themselves, as to permit of one or more of
the headers B³, intermediate any two of the adjoining arches, being connected with
the water drum D through tubes d', and this is the construction and arrangement
of parts shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. Again, in some instances, I make the
headers B³ of such a length as to receive and accommodate the lower ends of all
the water tubes A' of the series, and in this case the depending portions or legs h
are made of such length as to permit of the arches being located entirely beneath
all the water tubes, while, in still other instances, I make these headers B³ of a
length to receive the lower ends of all the water tubes A' of the series except
that of the lower row, and this is the form I have also shown in the drawings, and
is the one I prefer in practice, as the water tubes A' of the tubular elements are
thereby brought down further into the fire box or furnace and in closer relation
to the fire. But in whichever of the ways mentioned these arches may be
constructed, they are provided in the upper side of their body portions g with a
series of orifices k which register with correspondingly shaped orifices formed in
the lower ends of the headers B³, and the water arches and the headers B³ coinciding
are secured together by a short sleeve or thimble which is expanded into each
pair of these orifices. The lower ends of the depending portions or legs hof
the water arches 1 are curved out or otherwise formed at n to fit the surface of the
water drum D and the under wall o of the offset portions is likewise provided
with an orifice which registers with a correspondingly shaped orifice formed in
the water dium D, whereby to afford means for securing the lower ends of those
depending portions or legs hh, to the drum D by a short sleeve or thimble which
is expanded in each coinciding pair of orifices. By these means provision is made
for the free and uninterrupted circulation of the water through the water tubes and
drums, without in any way interfering with the stoking of the firebox or furnace
through the side thereof.
In addition to the orifices k, the water arches I, when made of a form to receive
the lower ends of the lowest water tubes of the series A', as shown in Fig. 1, are
likewise provided with a series of orifices t which are formed through the sides of
the body portions g, and receive the lower ends of such of the water tubes A' as
are expanded therein.
To provide for easy access to the water tubes and to the uniting sleeves or
thimbles, the headers and portions of the water arches in line therewith, respectively,
are provided with suitable orifices u¹, Figs. 3 and 4. These orifices are made of
the proper size and shape to suit them for the purposes for which they are intended,
and are closed, when the boiler is in use by appropriately shaped covers, which are
held thereon by bolts and clamps in the usual manner.
The water drums D D¹ being located so as to receive all the sediment that may
be deposited in the boiler, will of course be supplied with the usual blow-off cocks,
whereby to blow off the same when required to remove such sediment, and the
entire boiler may be enclosed by masonry or otherwise as is usual with boilers as
ordinarily constructed.

page_text: From the above it will be seen that I provide means whereby steam boilers may
be extended to any reasonable length without in any way increasing the distance
within which firing or stoking must be accomplished, which distance, in practice,
will be seldom greater than that of the width of the boiler itself.
It will be likewise seen that as the series of water tubes are arranged transversely
of the boiler and its setting, with one of their culs over the fire doors or stoke
holes, over which such tubes will have to be removed when required, no further or
different space is demanded for such removal than what is actually necessary for
the fireman to fire the boiler, and that, in consequence thereof, the additional
space required for such removal at the side with the boilers heretofore in use
having their fire doors or stoke holes at their end or ends amounting in some cases
to four feet or more, is obviated, and the space required for the occupancy of the
boiler and its setting reduced to the minimum.
As regards the improved setting for this class of boilers :-
:-
E' E (Figs. 5 and 6) indicate the end frames of the boiler setting, which in my
preferred form of construction, serve not only to close in the ends of the setting,
but also as means for supporting the boiler therein by means of the projecting ends
of the steam drum C and water drums D, D'. In the manufacture of these end
franes, cast metal is deemed preferable, although it is obvious that terra cotta,
scapstone, and other analogous material which may be made in plate or sheet form,
may be employed, and these so shaped as to make them conform in their outline to
the general cross section of the boiler in connection with which they are to be
used, and to the ends of the fire box or furnace of which they are to form a part.
When employed in connection with a cross tubular boiler of the class shown in the
drawings, I preferably, though not necessarily, construct them in an open skeleton
form or frame, with the inner or central portions removed, and provide them with
suitable openings in their bases for the reception of the water drums D D', which
rest therein, whereby to afford a firm support for the boiler in the boiler setting.
In the example of the invention shown in the drawings wherein is employed the
open skeleton construction, the upper edges of the central openings in the end
frames EE are made to conform to the upper semi-circumference of the steam-
and-water drum C, which protrudes there-through; while extending across such
openings beneath the drum, so as to cover those parts of their upper portions that
are not occupied by the ends of said drum, are panels I', which rivetted or
otherwise secured at their upper ends to the end frames E' E', are provided on
their upper edges with recesses it, of the proper conformation to suit them to
the under semi-circumference of said steam-and-water drum C, and, with the
portions of the end frames above, surround the ends of such drum where they
protrude therethrough. The ends of the steam-and-water drum thus protruding
are, or may be, covered by suitable covers or caps C', C', which are secured to the
end frames and panels by rivets or otherwise as shown.
The panels II¹ will, in some instances, be made of a size to completely cover
the central openings in the end frames E' E'. I prefer however, in practice, to
provide one or both of them with a door K as shown in Fig. 5, whereby to afford
access to the interior of the boiler setting at the end or ends thereof when required
to remove soot and other accumulations from the exterior of the water tubes and
for other purposes.
When this last mentioned construction is adopted, the panel I',
instead of being made of the proper width to cover the entire central opening, will
be made of a width to cover only the upper portion thereof, and the door K hinged
to the lower edge of the same by the hinges k¹ k'. As thus arranged the door K
may be made of a width to cover the portion of the central opening in the end
frame E, not covered by the panel 1'. I find it convenient, however, to make it
of a width somewhat narrower than what is required for that purpose, and to employ
a second panel L (Fig. 5) which, secured to the end frame E by rivets or otherwise,
and extending across under the door K, so as to cover the lower portions of the
central opening in such end-frame, is provided at its upper edge with buttons or
other fastening devices for engagement with the lower edge of the door,

page_text: whereby to hold such door tightly closed, when access to the interior of the boiler
setting at that place is not desired.
When employed in connection with a boiler setting that admits of the firing at
the end or ends thereof, as in the construction illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 the end
frames E' E (one or both) in addition to being provided with openings for the
reception of the ends of the water drums D D, or other supporting devices for
the boiler, will be likewise provided with openings to the firebox or furnace and to
the ashpit which will be equipped with suitable doors M and N, respectively.
In those constructions in which these end frames E' E' are made solid (i.c. with-
out the panel I, door K and panel L) without any central opening therethrough,
the openings to the fire-box or furnace, and to the ashpit will be both formed
therein, and the doors M and N will be hinged to their outer side. When, on the
other hand, the end frames are made in open skeleton form, then only the opening
to the ashpit will be made through such frame E', and the opening to the fire box
or furnace will be made through the panel L, the doors M and N in that case
being hinged respectively to the panel and end frame, as shown, but this arrange-
n.ent, it is obvious may be modified in various ways, and both openings, may be
either formed through the end-frames or through the panel if desired.
Again, when the firing or stoking is effected along the side of the boiler, as
shown for instance in Fig. 1, the openings to both the fire box and ashpit, with
their accompanying doors, are omitted from the end frames E' E' and such end
frames, however constructed otherwise, left unprovided with those parts.
Secured to the end frames E' E' and extending across from one to the other are
the side casings O O, (Fig. 5) by means of which the sides and top of the setting
are formed. These side-casings may be constructed in various ways and of a
diversity of materials. I prefer however to make them in plate form either with
or without an appropriate lining, and to apply them to the setting in such a manner
as to leave a door or doors along one or both sides thereof, above the fire-box or
furnace whereby to afford easy access to the interior of the setting for removal or
cleaning of such tubes or for making other repairs to the boiler as occasion may
demand.
In the embodiment of my invention illustrated in the drawings, the side casings
are made in the form of independent panels of sheet metal, p p &c., Figs. 5 6 and 7
of which the panels p p¹ and p³ constitute the fixed and removable parts of the
casing at its top and bottom, and are suitably lined with an appropriate heat
1esisting material, as shown at q in Figs. 1, 7 and 8, while the panels p³ and p
constitute the doors on the sides of the casing, and may be either lined or unlined
as may be prefcired. The panels as thus constructed are provided on their inner
siles, along their edges with ribs or angle irons r, which are secured thereto by
rivets s, or otherwise, whereby to impart to the same the necessary degree of
stiffness and strength, and, in addition thereto, to serve as limiting walls for the
heat resisting material q, which is arranged on that side of the panels between such
ribs or angle-irons as in a shallow pan. In the construction of the panel p, the
ribs or angle irons ? are secured inward from the edges thereof some little distance,
whereby to permit of the sheet metal body projecting slightly beyond the same,
as is also the case with the edges of the doors p³ and p¹ (see Fig. 7) while with the
other panels p' and p such ribs or angle-irons are secured to their respective
panels with their depending portions flush with the extreme edge thereof.
As thus constructed, the panel p, which is or may be provided with a suitable
thimble t', Fige. 5 and 6 or other appliance by means of which to connect with the
chimney or uptake, is secured to the top of the boiler setting by rivets or other
equivalent means co-operating with the end frames E' E', with the projecting edges
of its sheet metal body extending downward over the upper edges of the panel p',
which are similarly secured to the end-frames on opposite sides of the setting. By
this meaus, as will be seen, provision is made not only for closing the cracks that
would be formed between the edges of the panels p and pl, but also for securing
such panels firmly together, which latter may be done by passing bolts u or rivets

page_text: down through the projecting edges of the panel p and through the edges of the
panels pl.
The panels p² are in like manner secured to the end frames E' E' on opposite-
sides of the setting, at or near its bottom. by bolts or rivets v, Fig. 6 while the
panels and p constituting the doors, are hinged respectively to the panels pl
and p2 by hinges wo, with the projecting edges of their sheet metal bodies.
overlapping the adjoining edges of such latter panels, whereby to cover up the
cracks between them when the doors are closed. The doors being thus hinged to
the fixed parts of the setting, may be held closed by any appropriate hasping or
fastening devices. I prefer however to provide their adjoining edges with
projections or abutments w¹ and to employ bolts for that purpose, passing
through suitable orifices in such projections or abutments, provided with nuts on.
their end by means of which the adjoining edges of the doors may be drawn
together when required and firmly held in that position with the projecting edges
of their sheet-metal backs overlapping.
When the firing or stoking is to be effected from the end or ends of the boiler,
the panel p² will be made imperforate throughout as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, but
when such firing or stoking is to be effected along the side or sides of the boiler, a
shown in Fig. 1, then such panels will be made somewhat wider, and one or both
of them will be provided. with suitable openings into the fire box or furnace and
into the ashpit, which openings will be equipped with appropriate doors M, N, a-
is the case when the firing or stoking is done at the ends thereof. As thu-
constructed and arranged, the panels or doors p will be hinged to the upper edge.
of the panels, all as shown in Fig. 1.
For lining the various panels constituting the side-casings of the setting, any of
the well-known heat resisting materials may he employed. I prefer however to
make use of cement, magnesia, or fire-felt, which, having been treated as is usual
in such cases, is firmly packed against the inner sides of the panels in the cavitie
formed by their sheet metal backs and the ribs or angle irons secured thereto.
In most instances the lining will be held in the cavity of the panel by its own
adhesion or by passing bolts therethrough and through the sheet metal backs, but
if desired sheet metal strips g' (Fig. 8) may be arranged on its inner side and
be tied to the sheet metal backs or to the ribs or angle irons by bolts passing
through them, and through such strips, as illustrated in Fig. 8, or by other
appropriate means.
The setting being constructed as above set forth, occupies but little more space
than the boiler itself, and, being built up, from material of plate or sheet form,
permits of the location of doors in its sides and ends, whereby free access to the
interior of the setting is afforded for the removal of tubes, repairs or otherwise,
without necessitating the demolition or destruction of any part thereof. Further,
the setting while applying the heat to the boiler in the most efficient and
economical manner, at the same time presents a construction which is exceedingly
cheap, and more ornamental than those hitherto in use.
When the length of the boiler required is greater than it is practicable or
desirable to make the panels of the side-casings, open skeleton frames similar to
the end frames E' may be interposed between such end frames, and the several
panels and doors constituting the side-casings spliced thereon.
Although in the foregoing 1 have described the best means contemplated by me
for carrying out my invention into practice, 1 wish it distinctly understood that I
do not limit myself strictly thereto, as it is obvious that I may modify the same in
various ways, without departing from the spirit thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a sectional steam boiler, the combination, with a plurality of series of
oppositely inclined water tubes, a steam and water drum, and a water drum, both

page_text: of which drums are extended longitudinally of such boiler, of a water arch
interposed between and connecting one of such series of tubes with the water drum,
whereby to form a door or stoke hole, with the water arch extended above and the
water drum below the same, and a firebox or furnace below such water tubes,
substantially as described.
2. In a sectional steam boiler, the combination, with a plurality of series of
inclined water tubes, a steam and water drum, and a plurality of water drums
extending longitudinally of the boiler, of a water arch for connecting one of the
series of water tubes with one of the water drums, whereby to form a door or stoke
hole with the water arch extended above and the water drum extended below the
same, means for connecting the other series of water tubes with the other drum,
and for connecting both series of water tubes with the steam and water drum, and
a fire-box or furnace located below the water tubes, substantially as described.
3. In a sectional steam boiler, the combination, with a plurality of series of
oppositely inclined water tubes, a steam and water drum, a plurality of water drums
extended longitudinally of the boiler, and tubes for independently connecting the
steam and water drum with the water drums and for connecting such water drums,
of a water arch for connecting one of the series of water tubes to one of the water
drums, whereby to form a door or stoke hole with the water arch extended above
and the water dium extended below the same, tubes and headers for connecting the
other scries of tubes with the other series of water drums and for connecting both
series of water tubes with the steam and water drum, and a fire-box or furnace
located below the water tubes, substantially as de-cribed.
4. The combination, with the end frames of a boiler setting constructed in plate
form, and provided with openings and doors above the fire-box or furnace, of side-
casings composed of independent sheets or panels secured to said end frames, and
provided with openings and doors therein, substantially as described.
5. The combination with the end frames of a boiler setting, and a boiler, of
openings and doors in said end frame above the fire-box or furnace, and side casings
composed of independent sheets or panels secured to said end frames, and provided
with openings and doors also above the fire-box or furnace, substantially as
described.
6. The combination with the end frames of a boiler setting and a cross tubular
boiler, of side casings composed of sheets or panels and provided with openings and
doors in line with the ends of the series of water tubes, substantially as described.
7. The combination with a cross tubular boiler, and the end frames of a boiler
setting, provided with openings and doors opposite the series of water tubes, of
side casings composed of sheets or panels and provided with openings and doors in
line with the ends of the series of water tubes, substantially as described.
8. The combination, with the end frames, and side casings of a boiler setting
constructed in sheet or panel form, and secured to such end frames by bolts or
rivets, of openings and doors to the firebox or furnace and to the ashpit, and other
openings and doors in the side casings above the firebox or furnace, substantially
as described.
9. The combination, with the end frames and side casings of a boiler setting
constructed in sheet or plate form, of openings and doors to the fire-box or furnace
and to the ashpit, and other openings and doors, in both the end frames and side
casings above the firebox or furnace substantially as described.
10. The combination, with the end frames E₁ constructed in skeleton form, with
its inner or central portions removed, of the plates or panels L L secured across
such open inner or central portions, and the door K substantially as described.
Dated 26th April 1895.
GEO.
DOWNING,
8 Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.