Improvements in and relating to Ventilators.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 14th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Ventilators.
I, WILLIAM NICOL, of 55 Albert Road, Crosshill in the County of the City
of Glasgow, Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in and relating to ventilators for
fitting on the uptake shafts of buildings or applying to other structures where
ventilation is required.
Under one arrangement the ventilator would be constructed in the form of a
series of overlapping sectional plates or vaues placed annularly round the top of
the ventilating shaft of a building. A ring or funnel would be placed to project
slightly above ventilating shaft and the sectional plates or vanes would be secured
between this ring and a ring placed at their top end and to project some distance
above them. These sectional plates would be so shaped and arranged that the one
overlaps the other round the circular space, and an exit space be formed between
the adjacent ones which would be covered by its overlapping neighbour section.
The overlapping plates would be formed of various shapes or sections such as
dished, curved, and the like, but the preferable form would be for each alternate
plate to have a curved central bridge with reverse curved or curled channel ends,
over which would overlap the other alternate sections which would preferably be
of curved bridge or radial cap shape to cover the exit spaces of outward flow
current and form the pocket outflow spaces. A hood or cap with bevelled or
inclined surface would rest by an inner flange and be secured over the top of the
sectional plates, while a similar bevelled or inclined annular plate or flange would
be fitted round ring at lower end of the sectional plates, and these bevelled surfaces
at top and bottom of plates would be perforated with holes or slits opposite the
channel parts of plates. With this arrangement the wind or inrush of outer air
would strike the outer surfaces of the sectional plates, and cause a vacuum or upward
induction to draw the vitiated air along the uptake shaft to pass through the spaces
between the sections, and be carried along the pocket spaces of the sections, and
be ejected either through the holes in bevelled surface at top of sections or those
at the bevelled surface at lower end of sections. If a down draught is desired the
bevelled surface would be inverted to direct the current inwards and a guard be
fitted to prevent the inlet of water. If desired the top hood may be dispensed
with and the overlapping sections be formed of a nearly diamond shape covering
top of ventilating funnel.
These ventilators may be made of any other suitable material as well as of metal
such as of wood, fireclay or glass or partly of these, and when made of glass may
be formed of a flat shape; but when formed cylindrical or polygonal an electric or
other light would or may be fitted inside the ventilator to act as a lamp and
ventilator combined, or a lighted turret and ventilator on the tops of buildings.
Under a modified arrangement instead of overlapping sections, ribs of plain or
Aluted shape would be used in a cylindrical shaped ventilator, and the central shaft
or funnel be carried up some distance above the top of these, and an overhead
hood with central orifice be placed to rest by an internal flange or brackets over
the top of these ribs, below the level of top of uptake shaft. By this means an

page_text: induced upward current of air will flow between the ribs under the hood and draw
the vitiated air up the central uptake shaft to pass through top central opening in
hood. A cone or deflector may be placed over top of hood or within central space
of ventilator to prevent blow downs.
Dated the 14th November 1894.
Improvements in and relating to Ventilators.
I, WILLIAM NICOL of 55 Albert Road, Crosshill in the County of the City
of Glasgow, Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the
following statement in writing, that is to say :-
This invention has reference to improvements in and relating to ventilators for
fitting on the uptake shafts of buildings or applying to other structures where
ventilation is required.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
same into practice may be properly understood I have hereunto appended an
explanatory sheet of drawings in which the same reference letters are used to
indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figures 1 to 5 show detached views of various forms of sections by which the
overlapping or louvre plates of my improved ventilators may be constructed.
Figures 6 to 12 show elevations of various forms of ventilators as constructed
with these sectional plates,
Figures 6 and 7 being exterior and sectional elevations and Figure 8 a
corresponding horizontal section view of one form of ventilator.
Figure 9 is a horizontal semi-section of a modified arrangement of the plates
from that shown in Figure 8.
Figures 10, 11, and 12 are views corresponding to Figures 6, 7 and 8, of a
slightly modified arrangement, and Figure 124 shows the application of these
sectional plates to a bonnet form of cowl or ventilator.
Figures 13 and 14 are elevations at right angles showing a diamond shaped form
of ventilator.
Figures 15 and 16 are a face view and section respectively showing my
ventilating plates in the form of glass as applied to form a window.
Figures 17 and 18 are an elevation and plan view showing a ventilator and lamp
combined as applied at the top of an uptake shaft.
Figure 19 is an elevation of a lamp as fitted with a glass front to form a
combined window and revolving ventilator and
Figure 20 shows an clevation and horizontal section of a lamp slightly modified
from that shown in Figure 19.
Figure 21 is a perspective elevation of a combined lamp and ventilator as fitted
on the roof of a building, and Figure 22 is a detached view of the revolving part
of same.
Figure 23 shows a perspective view of a form of my improved ventilator suitable
for being fitted on a railway carriage or other vehicle.
Figure 24 shows a perspective view of a roof light ventilator formed of sectional
plates, and Figure 25 shows a similar view in which these plates are used to form
the ventilating top of a building and fitted with glass below them.
Figure 26 is a perspective view of sectional plates suitable for roof ventilators,
and in which one of the plates is formed all in one piece for the whole
application.

page_text: Figures 27 and 28 show detached views of the sectional cover plates as formed
with securing flanges.
Figure 29 is a face view, Figure 30 a section at right angles and Figure 31 a plan
view of an overlapping moveable plate ventilator.
Figures 32 and 33 are an elevation and plan view of a ventilator formed with
projecting radial ribs in accordance with my improvements.
Figures 34 and 35 are views corresponding to Figures 32 and 33 of a slightly
modified construction of ventilator in which the ribs are rivetted on.
Figures 36 and 37 are similar views showing the ventilator as fitted with radial
fluted plates.
Figure 38 shows a sectional elevation of a similar ventilator as fitted with cap
having radial ribs, and having a suspended deflecting cone.
Figure 39 is an elevation of an analogous ventilator having the radial ribs fitted
on its outer surface and on an upper open cap part.
Figure 40 is a similar ventilator as applied to an uptake shaft.
Figure 41 shows a radial rib ventilator with radial ribs and top bonnet as applied
to a soil pipe or ventilating shaft.
Figure 42 shows a detached view of radial rib open cap.
Figure 43 is a similar view of cap with radial corrugations, and
Figure 44 is an ordinary form of cap with closed top.
Figures 45 and 46 are a horizontal section and elevation showing how the radial
rib ventilator may be packed for transit when formed of brittle material.
Referring to these drawings:-
Under one arrangement as shown in Figures 1 to 12 the ventilators would be
constructed in the form of a series of overlapping sectional plates or vanes a a¹
placed annularly round the top of the ventilating shaft of a building. A ring or
funnel would be placed to project slightly above ventilating shaft and the
sectional plates or vanes a a¹ would be secured between this ring band a ring bi
placed at their top end and to project some distance above them. These sectional
plates would be so shaped and arranged that the one overlaps the other round the
circular space, and an exit space a² be formed between the adjacent ones
which would be covered by its overlapping neighbour section. The overlapping
plates would be formed of various shapes or sections such as dished, curved,
and the like as shown in Figures 1 to 5 but the preferable form as shown in
Figures 8 and 9 would be for each alternate plate a to have a curved
central bridge with reverse curved or curled channel ends, over which would
overlap the other alternate sections a¹ which would preferably be of curved bridge
or radial cap shape to cover the exit spaces of outward flow current and form the
pocket outflow spaces. A hood or cape with bevelled or inclined surface would
rest by an inner flange and be secured over the top of the sectional plates, while
a similar bevelled or inclined annular plate or flange c² would be fitted round ring
at lower end of the sectional plates, and these bevelled surfaces at top and bottom
of plates would be perforated with holes or slits opposite the channel parts of
plates. With this arrangement the wind or inrush of outer air would strike the
outer surfaces of the sectional plates, and be deflected upwards and downwards
in channels and thus cause a vacuum or upward suction or induction to draw the
vitiated air along the uptake shaft to pass through the spaces between the sections,
and be carried along the pocket spaces of the sections and be ejected either
through the holes in bevelled surface at top of sections or those at the bevelled
surface at lower end of sections all as indicated by the arrows. If a down draught
is desired the bevelled surface would be inverted to direct the current inwards
and a guard be fitted to prevent the inlet of water. If desired the
top
hood may
be dispensed with and the overlapping sections be formed of a nearly diamond
shape covering top of ventilating funnel as shown in Figures 13 and 14.
These ventilators may be made of any other suitable material as well as of metal,
such as of wood, fireclay or glass or partly of these, and when made of glass may
be formed of a flat shape as shown in Figures 15 and 16 where it is applied as a

page_text: combined ventilator and window, but when formed polygonal or cylindrical as
shown in Figures 17 and 18 an electric or other light would or may be fitted inside
the ventilator to act as a lamp and ventilator combined, or a lighted turret and
ventilator on the tops of buildings as shown in Figure 21. When fitted at the
side of a lamp or lighted vessel the plates may be arranged vertically as shown
in Figure 19 or horizontally and annularly as shown in Figure 20 the course of
the air currents being indicated by the arrows. As shown in Figure 23 when
applied to vehicles these plates would be arranged like an angled roof covered in
at the ends and fitted over a centrai shaft A, so that in which ever direction the
vehicle may be travelling the ventilator would act. In the arrangements shown
in Figures 24 and 25 the plates may be arranged as shown in these figures, or the
under plate may be formed in one piece to cover the entire surface and be formed
with slots a² for the passage of the vitiated air. In the ventilator shown in
Figures 29 to 31 the one set of plates a¹ would be mounted on a central hand
spindle a and when covering the spaces between the other set of plates a the
uptake shaft on which it is fitted would act as an uptake ventilator; but when
these plates a overlap the other set of plates a¹ and the spaces a³ are open as shown
then the shaft will act as a down draught ventilator.
Under modified arrangements as shown in Figures 32 to 45 instead of over-
lapping sections ribs d of plain or fluted shape would be used in a cylindrical
shaped ventilator, and the central shaft or funnel A. be carried up some distance
above the top of these and an overhead hood d² with central oriface would or may
be placed to rest by an internal flange or brackets over the top of these ribs d
below the level of top of uptake shaft. By this means an induced upward current
of air will flow in the spaces d' between the ribs d² under the hood d¹ and draw
the vitiated air up the centre uptake shaft A to pass through top central opening
in hood d². A cone or deflector d³ may be placed over top of hood as shown in
Figure 41 or within central space of ventilator as shown in Figure 38 to prevent
blow downs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
First. The constructing of ventilators with overlapping suction action plates or
devices arranged as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
Second. The forming of combined ventilators and lamp or turret lights
arranged as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
Third. In ventilators the arrangement and use of radial plain or fluted suction
action ribs or devices substantially as herein described in reference to and shown
in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 13th day of August 1895.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96 Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.