matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dawson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1856.
I, WILLIAM DAWSON, of Otley, in the County of York, Machine Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER OR OTHER MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to make the same machine cut both vertically
and diagonally, which I accomplish by the arrangement and construction of
the machine, as shewn in the accompanying outline Drawing, and the letters
of reference thereon.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 a front view, of the principal parts of
the machine. a shews the main frames, in which there are slides b, which
are raised up and down by the cam c, acted upon by the pinion d and wheel e.
Within the slides b are spaces f, through which the ends of the knife frame g
pass. is the knife fixed to the said knife frame. It is evident that when
the machine is in motion the slides are raised and depressed, and with
them the knife frame and knife, giving them simply a vertical motion or cut;
but when the diagonal is desired at the same time, I join to the knife frame.
one end of the rod k, having its other end fast to the stationary frame l, the
effect of which is to pull the ends of the knife frame partially through the
spaces f, thereby giving to the knife a diagonal or transverse sliding action in
addition to the vertical.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES, APPLICABLE TO SUCH IN USE FOR EITHER HEATING OF DRYING KILNS, ROASTING OF SUBSTANCES, OR HEATING OF BOILERS
Year: 1856

page_text: Ceed woun
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Madden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1856.
I, PETER MADDEN, of 20, Half Moon Street, Piccadilly, London, and of
Kingstown, Ireland, Architect, I do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES, APPLICABLE TO SUCH
IN USE FOR EITHER HEATING OF DRYING KILNS, ROASTING OF SUBSTANCES, OR
HEATING OF BOILERS," to be as follows:-
I propose to place either metallic plates or metallic tubes, or both conjointly,
in contiguity or near the fire in such furnaces or fire-places in use as before-
mentioned, in such positions as that those metallic plates or tubes shall be
subject to the free action of the fire upon them, and so that the heat and
other products of combustion shall pass over or between said plates, or through
said tubes, as the case may be, in their progress to the kiln, roasting place, or
boiler, where such process either of drying or roasting of substances or
heating of boilers is being carried on or effected. Thus, by the aid of those
metallic mediums in contact with or adjoining the furnace, &c., together with
the other results consequent thereunto to increase the heat generated in the
furnace and increase the draught of air, as I have found to be the results in
the case wherein I have this Invention in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th August 1856.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BROWN, of Albion Iron and Steel Works, Sheffield, in
the County of York, Iron and Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination of the valves for steam
hammers, whereby a quicker action of the hammer is obtained than can
be effected by the ordinary arrangements at present in use.
According to this Invention, three valves are employed, namely, a steam
valve and exhaust valve, which are differential in their action, and a diminish-
ing steam valve, which is a small valve admitting low-pressure steam into the
upper end of the working cylinder when the piston and hammer are down,
which steam is compressed into a small compass when the piston rises, thereby
forming an elastic cushion at the top of the cylinder, the expansion and com-
pression of the steam therein taking place alternately, by which means a
greater impetus is imparted to the hammer, and therefore its blows are sharper
and more rapid than those of the ordinary construction.
The main steam and exhaust valves, which regulate the admission and
escape of the steam to and from the under side of the piston, are worked by a
small steam engine bolted to the main standards of the hammer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES POR GENERATING HEAT
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Holworthy Palmer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th August 1856.
I, GEORGE HOLWORTHY PALMER, of Adelaide Road, Haverstock Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES POR GENERATING HEAT,'
follows:-
My improvements in furnaces for generating heat consist in such an
arrangement of the parts of a furnace so that the fuel may be subjected to a
double decomposition, viz., the green coal first undergoing the process of
carbonization, and afterwards in that state being used in a separate chamber,
where it undergoes further combustion exclusively for the generation of
carbonic oxide, the union of which with the inflammable products of the
green coal, and their combustion with a due proportion of atmospheric air,
(in order to inflame the volume of the combined gases,) produces a volume of
intensely heated gases, which may be employed in that state for any purpose
where heat is required, as the generation of steam, the smelting of metals, or
to other purposes where furnaces are employed for the generation of heat; and
this I accomplish in a simple and efficacious manner, by placing the green
coal in a chamber or compartment, either above or in immediate contiguity to
another chamber containing coke, so that the heat generated by the latter may
be made available for the carbonization of the green coal and for the in-

page_text: flammation of the gases evolved therefrom, the two chambers having a direct
communication with each other, so that the carbonic oxide generated in the
coke chamber may be caused to pass over or otherwise in contact with the
green coal, and to combine with its inflammable products, thereby producing
a greater amount of available heat from a given quantity of coal consumed
than heretofore obtained, and at the same time a complete avoidance of the
smoke ordinarily discharged, or escaping combustion, which is one of the
objects of the Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPE OR STATIONARY CASES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rawlings at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1856.
I, JOHN RAWLINGS, of George and Catherine Wheel Yard, Bishopgate Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPE OR STATIONARY CASES, to be as follows:-
My improvements in envelope or stationary cases refer to those cases or
stands which have double doors or covers, which open to the right and left,
and when closed meet in a line in the centre down the front of the case, and
consist in making these doors of a curved outline on the face instead of the
straight line hitherto adopted; the curve or curves may be varied according to
taste, and gives great additional appearance to the article.
In these cases a writing slope is sometimes placed & hinged to fold up in
front, and within the doors when closed. Instead of fixing the hinges of this
slope, I fit it on joint pins, which withdraw in the manner of a bolt, when the
slope may be removed and placed in an upright division of the case at the
back.
Another improvement consists in forming the upper edges of the partitions
in these cases of ornamental curved, or shaped outline, throughout the entire
breadth of the case, which ornamental curving works into and in part forms
the thumb-holes for removing the paper or envelopes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES AND STANDS, AND IN SUSPENDORS OR PEGS FOR HOLDING OR SUSPENDING HATS, COATS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Iles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1856.
I, CHARLES ILES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FRAMES AND STANDS, AND IN SUSPENDORS OR PEGS FOR HOLDING OR SUSPENDING
HATS, COATS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in covering or coating with plastic materials
(such as Keene's cement or any other plastic material capable of being worked
to a smooth hard surface,) the frames and stands, and pegs or suspendors for
holding or suspending hats, coats, and other articles.
And, secondly, my Invention consists in making the said frames or stands,
and the plates to which the pegs or suspendors are fixed, of sheet or rolled
metal.
AN IM- PROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHARE DRILL
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Christian Davidson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1856.
I, JOSEPH CHRISTIAN DAVIDSON, of Yalding, in the County of Kent,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHARE DRILL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a ready means of adjusting share
drills to the required depth for sowing, and to prevent the necessity for shifting
the position of the shares in their sockets. This I propose to do by mounting
the drill frame on adjustable running wheels (fitted like plough wheels), and
by transmitting the motion from one or both of the running wheels to the axle
of the seed roller through an intermediate wheel, carried by an adjustable
swinging arm, which has its fulcrum on the seed roller axle. By this arrange-
ment the shares will not require to be shifted, but the wheel stems may be
slidden up and down in their sockets, and the intermediate wheel adjusted (by
slackening a binding screw that fixes the swinging arm to the drill box) to suit
the change of position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION; left by Louis Auguste Joyeux at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1856.
I, LOUIS AUGUSTE JOYEUX, of Marseilles, in the Empire of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the combined use of steam, dilated air, and of
liquids that are easily brought to a state of evaporation, together with certain
apparatus herein-after described, to obtain motive power at a small cost.
In my apparatus steam at a certain pressure, mixed with air suitably dilated,
produces a combination of vapour & gas of moderate pressure, which I bring
to bear on the engine in the usual manner. When these mixed elements
have worked in the atmospheric machine, I send them into another machine
containing the liquid to be brought to a state of evaporation, aether, for
instance. The water condenses in this apparatus, and the air is deprived of a
portion of its caloric, both in favour of the aether, which is thus brought to
a state of evaporation without any cost of fuel, and of which the steam, when
brought to a suitable pressure, feeds the cylinder of another machine, the
aether machine. Moreover, the condensed water, which still retains a certain
heat, is made to return to the boiler, where it receives the surplus heat.

page_text: requisite for its evaporation. The supply of air in its generator is made by
a special apparatus which feeds the cold air by absorption, and sends the air
arrived at a certain degree of heat into the machine for volatilizing aether or
any other liquid of easy evaporation. The apparati for dilating the air and
converting water into steam are both placed over the same furnace. The
generator is composed of 3 cylindrical pipes forming a triangle on the furnace,
receives direct the action of the flame. The ascending flame from thence
reaches to the sides of the atmospheric apparatus, composed of pipes surrounding
the upper portion of the steam generator, passes into the chimney after having
traversed a conduct, where its combustible gases are burnt, and passes through
the aether volatilizing apparatus, where it loses the remaining portion of its
caloric. The steam of the auxiliary liquid employed, after having produced
its useful effect, is sent to a tubular condenser offering a large cooling surface,
and the liquid obtained by this condensation is returned to the volatilizing
apparatus by means of a pump set in action by the engine. In order to avoid
the loss of the vapour of aether, etc., which occurs in the slides by means even
of its penetration into the pores of the piston rods, which have a to-and-fro
motion, I replace this motion by a slight rotary motion in the interior itself of
the slide. The feeding pumps, slides, cocks, ect., are set in motion in the
same manner as with ordinary steam engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BENDING SHEET IRON INTO CORRUGATED FORMS FOR CONSTRUCTING BEAMS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Le Cappelain at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th June 1856.-A communication.
I, JOHN LE CAPPELLAIN, of 42, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, do hereby
leclare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
BENDING SHEET IRON INTO CORRUGATED FORMS FOR CONSTRUCTING BEAMS," to be as
ollows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for bending
heet iron into corrugated forms for constructing beams; for these purposes,
on the main shaft or axis, to which motion is given by a steam engine or other
power, there are three wheels with rounded peripheries, which are capable of
being adjusted to or from each other. The main axis or shaft is carried by
parallel bars, capable of being moved to or from each other. Above the threo
wheels there are two other similar wheels capable of adjustment; these two
wheels are arranged to come intermediate of the three lower wheels. The
heet iron to be bent is placed on ledges or supports attached to the two side
ars, and as the iron is progressively bent, the two upper wheels come more
nd more between the lower wheels. .
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lambert Alexandre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January
1856.
I, LAMBERT ALEXANDRE, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR VESSELS" to be as follows:-
I construct the bottom of a vessel in such a manner as to form two recesses
or channels, one on each side of the keel, and make the same properly water-
tight with suitable casings or bulk-heads, and each recess or channel is to be
about ten to fifteen feet long and three to five feet wide, more or less, according
to the size of the vessel. Within these recesses I construct suitable slides
running lengthwise of the vessel, and supported by open frames at the ends.
These slides receive four paddles or buckets, two in each recess, so constructed
as to slide back and forth within the slides, before mentioned; and to each
paddle or bucket a rod is attached passing water-tight through a stuffing box
on the bulk-head at one end of the recess. These rods from the paddles or
buckets are joined in pairs by suitable cross heads on the piston rods of two
horizontal steam cylinders that are fitted with valves, and supplied with steam
in any suitable manner, so as to propel two of the buckets in the direction of
the vessel's motion, while the other two inove in the reverse direction. Each

page_text: of the buckets is formed as a flat plate, hinged on to the end of the rod to the
engine, so that it can turn up at right angles to said rod to act against the
body of water, and drive the vessel ahead as the paddle is driven towards
the stern, or turn down horizontally as it is drawn towards the bow of the
vessel. The buckets are also fitted with trunnions, on which they turn, and
said trunnions move in the main slides above mentioned. At the forward end
of these slides, inclines or rollers are fitted to turn the buckets up vertically,
and at the back end of said slides, rollers or inclines are fitted to turn the
buckets down horizontally, and suitable means are to be fitted to reverse these
inclines, so that the vessel can be backed.
AN IMPROVED DISTANCE INDICATOR FOR PUBLIC CARRIAGES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Tolhausen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1856. A communication.
I, ALEXANDRE TOLHAUSEN, of No. 7, Duke St., Adelphi, London, County of
Middlesex, Sworn Interpreter at the Imperial Court of Paris, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DISTANCE
INDICATOR FOR PUBLIC CARRIAGES," being a communication from Carl August
Ludwig Mannory, of Berlin, to be as follows:-
The said apparatus has for its object to indicate, 1st, the fares due by
passengers in hackney carriages, according to the distance travelled over;
2dly, the number of miles travelled over or fares taken by such carriages
during the day.
The apparatus is worked by an eccentric grooved ring, which is fixed on the
nave of the hind wheel, & into which the friction roller of a joint enters, the
revolutions of the wheel imparting thereby to the said joint a reciprocating
motion. This motion is translated to the apparatus, according to the structure
of the carriage, by means of knees, joints, & guide rods, & the apparatus itself
is fixed on the back of the carriage, or any other convenient place.
The apparatus presents two dials; one visible to the passenger inside, &

page_text: repeated outside for the driver, indicating the fare due according to distance
run; the other locked up, & serving to control the work performed daily by the
horse. A lever connected with the guide rod operates on a screw arbor, to
make it act as an endless screw upon a screw wheel that drives the handle on
the dial, showing the mileage. The number of threads on the screw wheels is
calculated according to the periphery of one of the hind wheels, so as to make
the revolution of the screw wheel correspond exactly to the distance travelled
over, thereby pointing out on the passengers' dial plate the fares due.
The second dial, or control of the whole journey performed, is operated upon
by a ratchet wheel, properly connected with the former by certain levers,
catches, & springs, so as to note exactly the whole amount of the work done
by the former movement.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBE SPINNING FRAMES EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WORSTED YARN AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Emsley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1856.
I, JOHN EMSLEY, of Bolton Road, Bradford, in the County of York,
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBE SPINNING FRAMES EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WORSTED YARN
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
These improvements are designed for the purpose of cleansing in a more.
speedy, simple, and efficient manner than heretofore, the dirt which accu-
mulates from time to time in the caps of tube spinning frames employed in
spinning worsted yarn and other fibrous substances. The mode heretofore
commonly practised of effecting such object has been to wipe the inside of the
cap with a piece of rag or "waste," or such other means as may be nearest at
hand, which has been found not only an uncertain way of cleansing the cap,
but one which occasions much loss of time. By these improvements the above
objections are entirely obviated by the use and employment of an instrument
which I call a "cleaner," which I construct and operate with in the following
manner: Into a piece of wood, of nearly the same shape as the top of the cap,
and fitting loosely thereinto, I fix a stout piece of wire, over which I pass
some cloth washers, being circular pieces of cloth, of such size as to fit the

page_text: inside of the cap to be cleansed; these washers may be kept in position by
passing another piece of wood, smaller than the inside of the cap, over the
wire, and fastening it thereto in any convenient manner. In applying this
Invention to tube spinning frames, I propose to place one of the above cleaners
opposite to each capped spindle, so that, at each operation of "doffing" and
"piecing," the cap, as.it is removed from the spindle, has simply to be pushed
over and upon its respective cleaner, and when withdrawn therefrom, the cap
will have been perfectly cleansed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1856

page_text: ACC.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1856. A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," communicated to me by Auguste Andrien,
of Castres, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
Suction, forcing, or other pumps, as now manufactured, are an expensive.
combination of parts, and are also liable to continual repairs. I propose making
a pump of a more simple construction, by casting the body of the pump, together
with the upper and lower boxes, in one piece; receivers or bottles are placed
immediately above and below these boxes, in communication with the suction
and ascension pipes; valves or plates of caoutchouc are placed in the body of
the pump, intercepting the air and receiving the cover or lid. A brass rod,
working with a cylinder of lead, somewhat hollow at its outer periphery, which
is encircled with caoutchouc clasping it, and also impinging on or against the
interior casing or body of the pump, forms the piston.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN STUFFING SEATS, CUSHIONS, FURNITURE, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: nvention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
May 1856. A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN STUFFING SEATS, CUSHIONS, FURNITURE, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES," (communicated to me by Pierre Touben, of Paris, Merchant,)
to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in the employment of a tropical plant or vegetable
fibre, known by the name of "istle," for stuffing seats, cushions and other
articles, and generally as a substitute for horse-hair.
This plant grows at Tampico, in Mexico, and certain tropical countries. It
is prepared for being used for stuffing seats, &c. by combing, spinning, dyeing,
and crisping or frizzing it in a similar manner to the frizzing of horse hair.
It may be used alone, or mixed with horse-hair or with other suitable vegetable
fibres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND GAS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Chadwick and Herbert Frost
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 22nd November 1856.
We, DAVID CHADWICK, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
and HERBERT FROST, of Manchester, in the said County, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
MEASURING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND GAS," to be as follows:-
One part of our Invention consists in the employment of a flexible cylinder
divided into two chambers by a suitable disc or piston, each of which is in its
turn open to the supply, so as to force forward the partition and expel the
fluid from the other, which then becomes filled, to act in like manner so as to
effect a discharge, and this is regulated by means of an arrangement similar
to a four-way cock. The flexible cylinder is mounted within a casing, into
which the eduction passage leads, and the whole interior is therefore under
equal pressure. Instead of the above arrangement, we can employ two or
more flexible cylinders, and discs or pistons acting in conjunction. According
to another arrangement, we employ flexible cylinders and partitions, as above
described, but so mounted as to be capable of oscillation upon a centre, and
this motion takes place when either of the chambers is sufficiently full to over-
balance the other; and we employ this oscillating movement, and the falling
weight arising therefrom, for the purpose of shifting the four-way cock or
valve. A contrivance connected with this consists in the employment of
apparatus for preventing the said shifting of the cock or valve from taking

page_text: place until a determined quantity of fluid shall have entered; thus, we cause
the end or ends of the flexible cylinder to travel along a surface which acts
as a support, but ceases to do so at a given point.
Another part of our Invention consists in the employment of metal or
other rigid cylinders divided by pistons into chambers, and mounted so as to
be capable of oscillating upon centres. These cylinders are supported from
oscillation during the filling of one portion thereof by suitable catches, but
upon the pistons arriving at a determined position the said catches aro with-
drawn, and the cylinder thereof is allowed to fall over and effect a change
of the induction and eduction passages. The pistons may have a rod at each
side projecting through the cylinder covers, or we form them without rods,
and cause them to free the catches, as above described, by arrival in contact
with rods passing through the cylinder ends.
Another part of our Invention consists in the use of cylinders formed upon
the telescope principle, as chambers for measuring, by their expansion and
contraction; these may be employed in combination with the oscillating
motion above described, or they may have a parallel motion only.
In the above arrangements the "count" may be taken from any moving
part.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FURNACES
Year: 1856

page_text: AC.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hudson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January
1856.
I, THOMAS HUDSON, of South Shields, in the County of Durham, Gentleman,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
FURNACES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in supplying heated air at the back of the furnace
bridge through hollow bars, which convey air from the outside of the furnace
into a box or aperture at the back of the bridge, which is covered with
O gratings or perforated plates, through which air, having become heated in its
passage along the hollow bars, issues in divided jets or streams, and mingling
with the products of combustion, converts such of them as are susceptible of
such conversion into flame.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WROUGHT-IRON WHEELS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard van Hees at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
September 1856.-A Communication.
I, RICHARD VAN HEES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WROUGHT-IRON WHEELS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER
PURPOSES," (a communication from a foreigner residing abroad,) to bo as
follows:-
This Invention applies to the manufacture of what are called plate or disc
wheels, and the improvements consist, firstly, in rolling the disc and the nave
of the wheel in one piece; secondly, in giving a dished or concave form to the
disc, so as to impart elasticity thereto; and, thirdly, in the method of rolling
up a rim or flange around the periphery of the disc for the purpose of attaching
the tyre thereto.
In order to roll the discs with the solid nave in the centre all of one piece,
two rollers are employed, an annular groove or indentation being turned in
the periphery of each, corresponding in width and depth to the dimensions of
the nave. A mass or bloom of wrought iron properly forged, or of malleable
cast iron produced by any known process, is to be passed (at a proper heat)
backwards & forwards between these rollers, the bloom being turned a portion

page_text: of a revolution each time and the rollers gradually brought closer together.
By this means a circular disc is produced with a solid circular nave or boss in
the centre. The disc, which is now flat, is to be turned to the required
diameter, and the nave bored out; it is then re-heated and taken to the
machine for giving it the dished or curved form, and rolling up the flange. The
disc is placed upon a horizontal revolving plate, which is smaller in diameter
than the disc by the width of the required_flange, the upper surface of the
revolving plate or roller being dished out to the required form. The axis of
the plate extends upwards through the nave of the disc, which is screwed down
by means of a nut until it is held firmly, and the required concavity imparted
to the disc. A roller is now brought down upon the upper edge of the disc,
and as it revolves is gradually brought from a horizontal into a vertical position,
so as to bend or roll up the edge of the disc into the form of a rim or flange
at right angles to the disc. The outer circumference of the disc is prevented
from getting too cool during this operation by means of a fire, which is in a
trough extending nearly around the revolving wheel or plate, and may be
blown by a fan or bellows. The wheel is now complete except the tyre,
which is made and fixed to the flange or rim either by shrinking, rivetting, or
any other suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING METALLIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hallen and Edward Hallen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
3rd September 1856.
I, SAMUEL HALLEN, and I, EDWARD HALLEN, both of Cornwall Road,
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING METALLIC SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements consist in making sets of rollers for rolling out bars, with
one or more grooves therein to suit the forms required, which sets of rollers
are horizontal and vertical alternately, the one set following the other, the
faces of each set being at right angles to the faces of the preceding set, so
that the fins, which are made on the bar by the edges of the rollers, shall come
into the middle of the grooves of the succeeding set, and thus prevent the
necessity of reversing the bar, as is the case now in rolling bars.
For flats, we make one set or sets of rollers to follow another set or sets,
and instead of placing one set or sets vertical to the succeeding set or sets, as
previously described.
For rounds, squares, &c., we reverse the rollers of each succeeding set or
sets, so that if the first set or sets have the bottom roller with the groove or
grooves in it, the set or sets which follow shall have the bottom roller with
the groove or grooves reversed in the setting of the rollers, by which means
the necessity for reversing the bars to do away with the fins is obviated, as the
rollers, being themselves reversed in the setting, answer the same purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Beaver at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1856.
I, LOUIS BEAVER, of the City of Manchester, Watchmaker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of vanes or propellers, to which a
to-and-fro motion is given by steam or other power. These vanes or pro-
pellers have an oscillating motion on their axes, by means of which they are
turned one-fourth round at every stroke for the purpose of bringing the vane
or propeller in a line with the direction of motion of the vessel at the back
stroke, and at right angles thereto at the advancing stroke. These vanes or
propellers may be made to work in tubes or without tubes. The direction of
motion of the vessel to which these improvements are applied is reversed
without reversing the direction of motion of the driving engine, by changing
the position of the apparatus by which the vane or propeller is moved on its
axis.
An IMPROVED APPLICATION OF PORTABLE MIRROR
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Eyre at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April
1856.
I, SAMUEL EYRE, of Bouverie Street, in the City of London, Advertisement
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for An
IMPROVED APPLICATION OF PORTABLE MIRROR, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a readily adjustable toilet mirror,
which will throw a reflection into a toilet glass, and thus enable ladies to
arrange their back hair and head gear without assistance. For this purpose
I mount a swing mirror in a frame, which, by preference, I support on a rod
that slides in a telescope tube, and this tube I affix by suitable brackets to a
chair back, couch, or settee, which when the mirror is to be used must be
placed opposite the toilet glass. This arrangement, it will be understood,
permits of the mirror being adjusted readily to any suitable height or angle
for throwing the required reflection into the toilet glass, and being attached
to a chair or other analogous piece of furniture, so as not to overhang or be
in the way of the lady's head when rising from her seat, it will be much more
convenient than the reflectors at present in use.
AN IMPROVED GRIDIRON
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May 1856.-
A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED GRIDIRON," communicated to me by François Victor
Grousse, near Paris, France, to be as follows:-
On a framing, supported by legs, I place moveable grates, gratings, or
bars, two semicircular supports, forming an elevation, with split rods; these
supports being knee'd beneath the framing are fixed to two cramps. The bars
are fixed or fitted into catches. Below the moveable grates are ash-pans, and
a transversal spit, provided with hooks, passes from one of the semicircular
supports to the other, and a trough or dish is so placed as to receive the fat or
gravy of the articles while cooking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND COMBINING METALLIC SUBSTANCES FOR PRODUCING COLORS, AND IN MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1856. A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND COMBINING METALLIC SUBSTANCES FOR
PRODUCING COLORS, AND IN MANUFACTURING THE SAME," communicated to me
by C. Rostaing, of Dresden, to be as follows:-
The process I employ in preparing these colors is based on the proporties
possessed by "blende," or native sulphuret of zinc, of transforming into oxide
more or less pure, and in its amorpheous state of discharging all its sulphur
when submitted to proper heat in a reverberating furnace. The oxide then
remaining is colored by other metallic oxides, such as oxide of iron, manga-
nese, cobalt, nickel, chromium of copper, uranium, or other. To prepare
colors based upon blende alone, the different shades are seperated and (if
containing dirt, gange, or other impurities), cleansed, and by the aid of a mill
reduced to powder fine as flour. This powder is then placed in a suitable vase,
and moistened by about one-hundredth part of its weight of sulphurated
azotic acid or hydrochloric nitric acid, in twice its weight of water, the whole
being carefully mixed; or commercial sulphate of zinc may be advantageously
substituted for the acids, in the proportion of three or four pounds of sulphate
of zinc to one hundred pounds of crute blende, in which case the sulphate is
mixed with the blende, and they are together ground into a powder. These

page_text: mixtures are then placed in the reverberating, furnace (previously heated), and
spread upon the bottom in a bed of about two inches in thickness. The acids
or the sulphate of zine are added for the purpose of oxidizing a part of the
sulpher contained in the blende, and causes the roasting to proceed with great
celerity. The different blendes, treated in this manner, produce very cheap 5
colors.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPINDLES FOR LOCKS AND LATCHES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parsons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th February
1856.
I, WILLIAM PARSONS, of 33, Hugh Street, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPINDLES FOR LOCKS AND LATCHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a novel and improved mode of connecting and
adjusting knobs to spindles, so a to adapt them readily to doors of different
thicknesses, by constructing such said spindles and parts connected therewith
as follows: The spindle is formed square, and upon the angles thereof a
thread or screw is cut or formed, upon which fit two screwed collars placed
collars has a screw formed
upon opposite ends of the spindle, one of these
upon the outside thereof for about half its length, which screw fits into a
corresponding hole formed in a piece of metal let into the neck of the knob.
The bottom of this piece of metal has a square hole formed through the same
to receive the square part of the spindle, and thus to ensure the turning round
of the same with the handle when moved. The aforesaid collar, when screwed
into the knob, projects sufficiently beyond the same to receive the rose, which
fits the plain part of the collar. The other collar, which is placed upon the

page_text: opposite end of the spindle, is simply screwed on the inside, and is plain on the
outside, and fits into the circular hole in a piece of metal similar to that before
mentioned let into the neck of the knob; said collar is connected to the knob
by a screw passed through the neck thereof, the point of said screw taking
into a groove or channel formed around the collar, and by which the collar
and knob may be readily connected together, a portion of this last-mentioned
collar projects beyond the knob to receive the rose as before stated. By this
Invention it will appear evident that the spindle can be readily adjusted to a
nicety to suit the thickness of the door, and may be easily connected thereto
and disconnected therefrom when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES TO COUNTERACT LOCAL ATTRACTION
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Burke at the Offico of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1856.
I, MICHAEL BURKE, of Liverpool, in the County Palatine of Lancaster,
Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES TO COUNTERACT LOCAL ATTRACTION," to
be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in constructing the boxes of mariners' compasses
in such a manner that the magnetic needle and its card, being enclosed in
a lesser and water-tight glazed case, can be surrounded with water, spirit, oil,
or any other suitable liquid in the outer box or case. The lesser box or case,
in which the needle and card are suspended, may be variously constructed of
metal with a glass face, secured air and water tight, which glazed box is then
to be suspended in a larger metal or other glazed box or case by methods
customarily used, and the water or other liquid poured in, and may be screwed
or otherwise secured.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STOP-COCKS OR TAPS FOR REGULATING OR CUTTING OFF THE PASSAGE OF GAS TO COMBINED GAS BURNERS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Stroud at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
..1856.
I, JOHN THOMAS STROUD, of Suffolk Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STOP-COCKS OR TAPS FOR REGULATING OR CUTTING OFF THE PASSAGE OF GAS
TO COMBINED GAS BURNERS, to be as follows:-
My improvements in taps or cocks for regulating the supply of gas to com-
bined gas burners consists of a tap or stop-cock adapted to regulate the supply
of gas to a number of burners in such manner that gas may be supplied to the
several burners in combination successively, and whereby the gas may be
supplied to the whole number of burners with which it is in connection, or to
any number less the whole, at pleasure. For this purpose I employ a hollow
plug stop-cock, fitted in a suitable seating, placed in communication with the
burners by suitable passages, which passages pass directly through the seating
and plug to the hollow in the interior thereof, into which the gas is admitted
from the main pipe.
Supposing the position of the plug to be such that the holes in the seat
coincide with those in the plug, the passages will be full on. In order that
the passage of gas will not be intercepted in some of these passages while it is

page_text: cut off in others, I cut grooves partially round the circumference of the plug
in connection with all the through holes or passages except one, so that when
the plug is partially turned in its seating, and these holes are no longer oppo-
site each other, the gas will be cut off at that one having no groove in the
plug, but will remain on at the others, the grooves before mentioned main-
taining the passage for the gas. To cut the supply of gas off from the
remaining burners one at a time, I graduate the length of the several grooves
so that the rotary motion of the plug will stop the passages in succession; thus,
the passage having the shortest groove will be cut off next, while a groove
longer than that just mentioned will keep the communication open until a
further movement of the plug takes place, & so on. By this arrangement
of tap I can also graduate the the supply of the whole number of burners
simultaneously, by turning the plug a little more or less beyond that point
where the passages are all full on.
From the foregoing it will be readily understood that in turning "on the
gas it will pass, first, to the burner having the longest groove passage in the
plug, then to that having the next longest, & so on; & lastly, to that having
no groove communication. In a chandelier or other combination of gas
burners so furnished & fitted, one or more of the burners may be lighted at
pleasure simply by turning a single tap. Suitable stops or marks may be
made on the tap to indicate the position, if required. The same effects may
be obtained by a sliding stop-cock or valve having the passages similarly
arranged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fernihough at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1856.
1, JAMES FERNIHOUGH, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Boiler
Maker, Iron Founder, &c., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE,"
to be as follows:-
I fix any convenient number of boilers in a vertical position, and connect
them so that the steam generated will circulate through them. I place a
furnace or fire-place under each of them, so that the heat will ascend and
surround each boiler, thus making the whole of the boiler a heating surface.
I also propose to fix or suspend in each boiler a steam cylinder, which will
have a water space all round it.
The nature of this Invention will be clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying outline Drawing, in which is a side view of six boilers connected;
a, representing the boilers; b, the furnace; c, the ash-pit; d, the place for the
damper; and e, the steam cylinder inside the boilers. All the other parts
will be clearly understood by any person conversant with steam boilers.
A NEW SYSTEM OF ROTATORY MOTION FOR ALL KIND OF VEHICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Antoine Lang at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1856.
I, LOUIS ANTOINE LANG, Proprietor of Rue de Chaillot, No. 64, in the
City of Paris, Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of tho said
Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF ROTATORY MOTION FOR ALL KIND OF VEHICLES,"
to bo as follows:-
Instead of supporting the frame or body of the vehicle upon the axle or
in the centre of the wheel, as is generally donc, 1 cause it by my arrangement
to rest upon the exterior part of the nave of the wheel, between the spokes
and the frame or body of the vehicle. To offect this object more readily
it is desirable to make the naves of wheels larger and stronger than usual;
they should also be furnished with a strong cylindrical hoop or band of iron,
or other material, which may be plain, toothed, or notched, and provided with
a flange or projection at each end. The frame or body of the vehicle is
furnished underneath on both sides with a strong box or bracket of iron,
or other suitable material, into which is fitted a roller or pinion, plain, toothed,
or notched, corresponding with the hoop or band on the said nave, and
having a strong spindle of hardened steel or other material affixed to or
passing through its centre, so as to constitute an axis on which or with
which the said roller or pinion can rotato freely within the said box or
bracket. The frame or body of the vehicle will thus rest upon the axis of

page_text: the roller or pinion, the periphery of which will rest upon the periphery of
the hoop or band attached to and surrounding the nave of the wheel. The
slightest motion either backwards or forwards to rotate the wheel will also
rotate the roller or pinion, but the amount of friction will be very much
reduced. The box or bracket containing the roller may, if desirable, be
affixed either perpendicular or with a slight obliquity to the said nave. The
spindle or axis of the said roller or pinion may be furnished with a finger
or catch, so contrived and arranged as when required to fall into the toothed
nave or a ratchet affixed thereto; or a "break" may be applied on both
roller and nave, so as to lock them, and thus stop or retard the vehicle.
My Invention is applicable to all kinds of vehicles, whether worked by
manual, horse, steam, or other power.