IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hogg Saunders at the Office
...of the Commissioners of Patents,with his Petition, on the 22nd October
.1857.
I, DAVID HOGG SAUNDERS, of Craig Mill Cottage, Rättray, in the County
of Perth, North Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE OF
TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS," to be as follows; that is to say:-
"This' Invention relates essentially to the siniplification of the intermediate
processes of converting yarns into woven fabrics; and it consists in the first
place of arrangements or means whereby yarns of various kinds, as spun and
wound on to suitable bobbins or holders, may be woven into cloth without the
at present intervening processes of reeling and winding. In carrying out this
Invention in practice, the bobbin on which the yarn is wound as it is spun or
twisted is made with a loose end flange, and this flange has attached to its
inner face a wire or other projecting piece of sufficient length to enter with
its extreme free end into a corresponding hole in the opposite or fixed flange;
the wire or projecting piece thus lays nearly parallel with the barrel or axis
of the bobbin when the latter is in use in the spinning frame. When the
bobbin is filled in the frame it is removed therefrom, and the loose flange is
detached from it, taking with it the attached wire; this removal of the wire
slackens off the hard wound yarn, and allows the operator to withdraw the
wound yarn in a solid mass longitudinally from the bobbin's barrel. The ball
of yarn, thus symmetrically wound into shape, is now ready to act as a cop in
Paie 811

page_text: the shuttle, in which it may at once be placed and woven off as weft in
forming cloth. In using short bobbins, as at present, the process of manu-
facture may be still further improved, and its cost economised by making the
shuttles cellular, or with two or more cop-holding chambers, separated by
perforated diaphragms. The balls or cops of yarn, when wound and removed
in the manner described, are placed longitudinally in these shuttle cells, and
the unwinding during weaving takes place from the centre, working outwards.
When two such balls or cops are used at once in the shuttle, the weaver
starting to weave from the end in the centre attaches the outside end of the
first ball to the inside end of the second, the perforated diaphragm allowing of
this continuity of the two balls. In this way the shuttle can continue in
action twice as long at once as with a single cop of the ordinary kind. To
defend the balls or cops from severe frictional rubbing against the warp
threads an elastic shield or cover piece is stretched over the balls when
deposited in the shuttle. The herein-before described system of preparing
balls of yarn may also be carried out in making up balls of twine or other
textile materials, asit produces well-formed and convenient masses for winding
off, and use. The system is also well suited for use even when yarns have to
be reeled for bleaching or treatment in a loose and disintegrated condition. To
aid in the release of the balls from the barrels of the bobbins, should the
winding ou be so tight as to render the separation difficult, a loose flange
is fitted upon the barrel and adjusted at the fixed flange end, so that when the
loose flange of the actual bobbin is removed, this separate flange or disc
enables the operator to force the ball easily off.