IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND PAINTING UPON GLASS AND CERAMIC WARES, AND UPON METALLIC AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES, ALSO IN THE PREPARATION OF INKS AND COLOURS FOR PRINTING AND PAINTING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRINTING AND PAINTING UPON GLASS AND CERAMIC WARES, AND UPON
METALLIC AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES, ALSO IN THE PREPARATION OF INKS AND
COLOURS FOR PRINTING AND PAINTING."-A communication from abroad by
Charles Raphaël Maréchal and Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay, of Paris,
France.
Sealed the 19th September 1862, and dated the 19th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th March 1862.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND PAINTING UPON GLASS AND CERAMIC WARES. AND
UPON METALLIC AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES, ALSO IN THE PREPARATION OF INKS AND
COLOURS FOR PRINTING AND PAINTING," (communicated to me from abroad by
Charles Raphaël Maréchal and Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay, of Paris,
France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in methods of printing or painting upon glass,
ceramic ware, stone, metals, and other surfaces, directly or indirectly, by
means of what the Inventors term reserves, as well as in the preparation
Price 8d.]

page_text: and use of coloring matters and inks suitable for this particular class of
printing, and for other purposes.
First, Impression upon glass or ceramic ware.-This part of the Invention
comprises four processes,-
:
1st, impression by transfer of reserves soluble in liquids or destructible by
fire, and figuring in relief upon the glass the lines and outlines of the design
transferred. A design being given previously engraved upon wood,stone,or
metal,it is printed upon paper in fatty ink, according to the means now
followed for such purpose. This design is transferred to glass, and constitutes
the reserve; then by a pencil or brush I apply the metallic silicates or oxides
which after firing are to show the impression. In order that these oxides,
silicates, or metallic colours may adhere to the glass, and at the same time be
insoluble in solvents of resinous and fatty bodies which compose the fattyinks,
the oxides,colours, or silicates are mixed up with a solution of
gum dextrine
or other similar organic substance impressible and capable of adhering to glass
and are desiccated. The fatty reserve is next dissolved either in sulphuret of
carbon or in hydrocarbons, or other similar solvents, which will not have the
effect of dissolving gum dextrine or other analogous organic substances.
The vitrifiable oxides and metallic colours, held upon the glass by bodies
insoluble in liquids in which the fatty reserves become dissolved, remain fixed
upon the glass, and are subjected in muffles to the fire; they vitrify and form
the lines and outlines of the design to be reproduced.
2nd, this second process, which is the counterpart of the first, differs only
thatthe printing of the reserve is effected in thin inks; the vitrifiable oxides or
metallic colours are fixed and applied in the hollows and interstices of the
reserve with fatty or resinous bodies insoluble in water, whence it follows that
the reserve being soluble in water, I attain, by simply reversing the substances
employed, a similar end to that arrived at by the process first described.
3rd, the third process consists in taking a design previously engraved on
stone, wood, or metal, in printing it upon paper in a fatty ink containing
combined with it oxides, carbonates, alumino-silicates, or alkalino-terrous,
sulphates,earthy or metallic, and little or not at all vitrifiable at the tempera-
ture at which glass fuses. The design printed upon paper in the said ink is
transformed to glass, and forms the reserve. In the hollows and interstices
of this reserve I apply,either in a damp or in a dry state, vitrifiable metallic
oxides or colours, which are intended to reproduce the design printed. Firing
then takes place, the articles are allowed to cool,after which the non-vitrifiable
bodies which have acted as the reserve are removed with a brush by hand or
by acids.

page_text: 4th, the fourth process is the counterpart of the third in that the reserve is
printed in thin ink instead of in a fatty ink.
Preparation and employment of the colouring matters and inks.-The
colouring matters for painting upon glass and ceramic wares, mineral and
metallic substances, whether by means of this Invention or otherwise, are
composed as hereafter stated in order to give them the following general
properties
1st, of containing in themselves the vitreous fluxes, enamels, metallic
oxides, inorganic colorants, and organic bodies, serving directly whether
for painting upon glass,porcelain,metals,and other substances,or for printing
upon paper and for transfer to these substances.
2nd, of allowing of the substances,combined, mixed, and contained in them,
uniting under the action of fire with the bodies on which they are applied.
Given a borate, a silicate, or a phosphate, neutral or basic, and such that the
base is capable of forming a soap or paste, acid or neutral, with fatty acids or
acid resins, as do the borates, silicates, and phosphates of soda, of lead, of
potass, and the alkalino-terrous, and alkalino-metallic borates, silicates, and
phosphates. Given then such borate, silicate, or or phosphate it is placed in
presence of boiling water for one or several hours in contact with acid fatty
bodies, acid resins, or mixture of such acid bodies and resins until there are
produced at the same time a silicate, a borate, a phosphate,and a soap, which
remain united, and form a new composition. The combination takes place
when the borates, silicates,or phosphates have wholly or in part (according to
the equivalent quantities of fatty acids or acid resins used) absorbed the said
fatty acids or acid resins. The combination may be performed under heat
without the presence of water. The composition obtained is weighed, and
after deducting the equivalent of fatty acids or of acid resins combined with
the silicates, borates, or phosphates, I mix the composition in various propor-
tions with enamels or metallic oxides, for which the composition forms a flux.
The proportion of the flux will vary with each enamel or colour to be vitrified.
This done, in order to complete the preparation of the matter for painting and
the inks for printing, I grind and triturate, the mixtures before named, and
add for the purpose of imparting to them the necessary degrees of plasticity
viscosity, and limpidity for the uses to which they are to be applied, essential
oils, hydrocarburets, solutions of resin in essences, or hydrocarburets, or oils
of resin or of galipot..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Broomau, my executors,administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman,myexecutors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from,time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND PAINTING UPON GLASS AND CERAMIC
WARES, AND UPON METALLIC AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES, ALSO IN THE PREPARATION
OF INKS AND COLORS FOR PRINTING AND PAINTING," (communicated to me from
abroad by Charles Raphael Maréchal and Cyprie n Marie Tessié du Motay,of
Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executorsor administrators, by an instrument inwriting
under my,or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in methods of printing or painting upon glass,
ceramic ware, stone, metals, and other surfaces directly or indirectlybymeans
of what the Inventors term reserves, as well as in the preparation and use of
coloring matters and inks suitable for this particular class of printing, and for
other purposes.
First, impression upon glass or ceramic ware.-This part of the Invention
comprises four processes.

page_text: 1st, impression by transfer of reserves soluble in liquids, or destructable by
fire, and figuring in relief upon the glass; the lines and outlines of the design
transferred. A design being given previously engraved upon wood, stone, or
metal, it is printed upon paper in fatty'ink according to the means now
followed for such purpose. This design is transferred to glass, and constitutes
the reserve; then by a pencil or brush I apply the metallic silicates or oxides,
which, after firing, are to shew the impression. In order that these oxides,
silicates, or metallic colours may adhere to the glass, and at the same time be
insoluble in solvents of resinous and fatty bodies which compose the fatty
inks, the oxides, colours, or silicates are mixed up with a solution of gum
dextrine or other similar organic substance impressible and capable of
adhering to glass, and are desiccated. The fatty reserve is next dissolved,
either in sulphuret of carbon or in hydrocarbons, or other similar solvents
which will not have the effect of dissolving gum dextrine or other analogous
organic substances. The vitrifiable oxides and metallic colours held upon the
glass by bodies insoluble in liquids in which the fatty reserves become dis-
solved remain fixed upon the glass, and are subjected in muffles to the fire,
they vitrify and form the lines and outlines of the design to be reproduced.
2nd, this second process, which is the counterpart of the first, differs only
that the printing of the reserve is effected in thin inks. The vitrifiable oxides
or metallic colours are fixed and applied in the hollows and interstices of the
reserve with fatty or resinous bodies insoluble in water; whence it follows that
the reserve being soluble in water, I obtain by simply reversing the substances
employed a similar end to that arrived at by the process first described.
3rd, the third process cousists in taking a design previously engraved on
stone, wood, or metal, in printing it upon paper in a fatty ink, containing
combined with it oxides, carbonates, alumino-silicates, or alkalino-terrous
sulphates, earthy or metallic, and little or not at all vitrifiable at the tem-
perature at which glass fuses. The design painted upon paper in the said ink
is transferred to glass, and forms the reserve. In the hollows and interstices
of this reserve I apply either in a damp or in a dry state vitrifiable metallic
oxides cr colours, which are intended to reproduce the design printed. Firing
then takes plates, the articles are allowed to cool, after which the non-
vitrifiable bodies which have acted as the reserve.are removed with a brush,
by hand, or by acids.
4th, the fourth process is the counterpart of the third, in that the reserve
is printed in thin ink instead of in a fatty ink.
Preparation and employment of the coloring matters and inks.-The
coloring matters for painting upon glass and ceramic wares, mineral and

page_text: metallic substances, whether by means of this Invention, or otherwise, are
composed, as hereafter stated, in order to give them the following general
properties:-1st, of containing. in themselves the vitreous fluxes, enamels,
metallic oxides, inorganic colorants, and organic bodies serving directly,
whether for painting upon glass, porcelain, metals, and other substances, or
for printing upon paper, and for transfer to these substances; 2nd, of allowing
of the substances combined, mixed, and contained in them uniting under the
action of fire with the bodies on which they are applied.
Given, a borate, a silicate, or a phosphate, neutral or basic, and such that
the base is capable of forming a soap or paste, acid or neutral, with fatty
acids, or acid resins, as do the borates, silicates, and phosphates of soda, of
lead, of potass, and the alkalino-terrous and alkalino-metallic borates, silicates,
and phosphates. Given then such borate, silicate, or phosphate, it is placed
in presence of boiling water for one or several hours in contact with acid
fatty bodies,acid resins, or mixture of such acid bodies and resins, until there
are produced at the same time a silicate, a borate, a phosphate, and a soap,
which remain united and form a new composition. The combination takes
place when the borates, silicates, or phosphates have wholly or in part
(according to the equivalent quantities of fatty acids or acid resins used)
absorbed the said fatty acids or acid resins. The combination may be per-
formed under heat without the presence of water. The composition obtained
is weighed, and after deducting the equivalent of fatty acids, or of acid resins
combined with the silicates, borates, or phosphates, I mix the composition in
various proportions with enamels or metallicoxides, for which the composition
forms a flux. The proportion of the flux will vary with each enamel or color
to be. vitrified. This done, in order to complete the preparation of the matter
for painting and the inks for printing, I grind and triturate the mixtures
before named, and add for the purpose of imparting to them the necessary
degrees of plasticity, viscosity, and limpidity for the uses to which they are to
be applied, essential oils, hydrocarburets, solutions of resin in essences, or
bydrocarburets, or oils of resin, or of galipot.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)