Improvements in or relating to Gas Stoves.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 7th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 24th May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Gas Stoves.
I, REGINALD HADDAN of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co. Patent Agents
of 18 Buckingham Street Strand W.C. London in the County of London, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention a communication to me from abroad by
Léon Dathis, Junior, of Paris in the Republic of France, Engineer, to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to improve stoves in which the heat is derived from
the combustion of any kind of gas, and more especially to provide a greater
radiating surface, obtain a better combustion of the gas, prevent outlet of dis-
agreeable or unhealthy fumes into the stove or chamber in which it is situated, and
assist in removing impure air therefrom.
In the improved stove the gas is passed through a nozzle into the open end of a
tube in which it mixes with air drawn in by the suction produced by the gas jet,
and to make this mixture more complete the tube is returned upon itself in a
U form and the outlet holes for the mixture are in the sides of the branch further
from the gas inlet. Above this tube is a metal dome or plate receiving the direct
heat of the gas jets and enclosing a combustion chamber the outlet of which is at
the rim of this dome. The products of combustion issuing laterally at the rim are
met by a cylindrical baffle plate over which they must pass to the flue of the stove,
which flue is carried outside the room in which the stove is situated. To prevent
back draught the end of the flue enters a truncated conical cap open above and
Within this cone, in
below, the flue being directed upward within the lower end.
front of the end of the flue is a domed cross plate which guards the open flue from
back draught. The inlet for air to the gas mixture tube is placed low down to
draw foul and heavy air from the apartment, but the floor of the latter is protected
from radiated heat by a diaphragm of some bad conductor of heat.
The aforesaid dome and baffle plate may be removable for cooking purposes, or
the upper part of the stove may comprise a flat plate with one or more circular
openings fitted with annularly segmented cover plates in the same manner as
cooking stoves in general. The sides may then be surrounded by non conductive
material or be water jacketted.
Where several mixture tubes are used a four way cock may be fitted adapted to
provide gas to any one or more of, say, three tubes, and this cock may have on the
lever handle attached to its spigot, a sliding muff with spring and tongue adapted
to lock in one of several recesses according to the position desired for the cock.
To spread the gas mixture to provide a continuous flame, there may be fitted
on the gas pipe which receives the gas and air, two flat plates whose edges may be
approached more or less the one to the other to provide a slit of less or greater
width for issue of the gas mixture before it is ignited. Two such pipes may be
used and the plates so fitted that the two issuing streams of gaseous mixture unite
and form one continuous flame.
Dated this 7th day of June 1894.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Gas Stoves.
I, REGINALD HADDAN of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co. Patent Agents
of 18 Buckingham Street Strand WC. London, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention a communication to me from abroad by Léon Dathis, Junior of
Paris in the Republic of France Engineer and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of this invention is to improve stoves in which the heat is derived
from the combustion of any kind of gas and more especially to provide a greater
radiating surface, obtain a better combustion of the gas, prevent outlet of dis-
agreeable or unhealthy fumes into the stove or chamber in which it is situated and
assist in removing impure air therefrom.
In the improved stove the gas is passed through a nozzle into the open end of a
tube in which it mixes with air drawn in by the suction produced by the gas jet
and to make this mixture more complete the tube is returned upon itself in a
U form and the outlet holes for the mixture are in the sides of the branch further
from the gas inlet. Above this tube is a metal dome or plate receiving the direct
heat of the gas jets, and enclosing a combustion chamber, the outlet of which is at
the rim of this dome. The products of combustion issuing laterally at the rim are
met by a cylindrical baffle plate over which they must pass to the flue of the stove,
which flue is carried outside the room in which the stove is situated. To prevent
back draught the end of the flue enters a truncated conical cap open above and
below the flue being directed upward the lower end within this cone in front of the
end of the flue is a domed cross plate which guards the open flue from back
draught. The inlet for air to the gas mixture tube is placed low down to draw
foul and heavy air from the apartment, but the floor of the latter is protected from
radiated heat by a diaphragm of some bad conductor of heat.
The aforesaid dome and baffle plate may be removable for cooking purposes, or
the upper part of the stove may comprise a flat plate with one or more circular
openings fitted with annularly segmented cover plates in the same manner as
cooking stoves in general. The sides may then be surrounded by non-conductive
material or be water jacketted.
Where several mixture tubes are used a four way cock may be fitted, adapted to
provide gas to any one or more of, say, three tubes, and this cock may have on
the lever handle attached to its spigot, a sliding muff with spring and tongue
adapted to lock in one of several recesses according to the position desired for
the cock.
To spread the gas mixture to provide a continuous flame, there may be fitted
on the gas pipe which receives the gas and air, two flat plates whose edges may
be approached more or less the one to the other to provide a slit of less or
greater width for issue of the gas mixture before it is ignited. Two such pipes
may be used and the plates so fitted that the two issuing streams of gaseous
mixture unite and form one continuous flame.
In the annexed drawing serving to illustrate my improvements Fig. 1 represents
a vertical section through the axis of my apparatus.
A is the supply for leading any desired gas to the apparatus, such gas being
injected by pressure into the tube B (which may be single or multiple) drawing
into the tube at the same time a certain quantity of air with which it becomes
mixed; in order that this mixing be effected in a more perfect manner, this tube is
prolonged to B forming a sort of chamber in which the combination of gas and air
takes place before the mixture escapes through the holes b in order to be inflamed
by means of the lighting tube A¹; moreover it is fed by the free air ports D for

page_text: facilitating the combustion. The tube is of horse-shoe form, taking in the gas and
air through the bottom branch and burning the same through the holes of the upper
branch. The flames pass through the circular opening V₁ into the upper part of
the apparatus and heat directly the metallic disc E; the gases here find themselves
imprisoned in the chamber E Y, Y, whence they can no longer come out but by
the passage H and spread out thence in the annular chamber G F, closed
hermetically in M and divided in two by V. By these means as complete a
development of the heat is produced as possible not only by the metallic disc E but
also by the circular wallings F and G. The products of combustion and the
residues escape (the apparatus being in operation) through the orifice K of the
tube K L which carries them off outside.
As the air ports are arranged at a small height from the bottom, they suck and
draw in all the impure gases which may be contained in this air. A inattress of
non conducting heat material R is arranged between two metallic partitions at
the bottom of the apparatus and serves to protect the ground against the reflecting
heat.
The apparatus may be provided with a cover N serving as a grid or hot plate.
In order to avoid any flowing back of the gases from above toward below
through the escape pipe, which Howing back might cause the extinction of the
burners, I insert into the escape circuit a plate a of the form of a mushroom,
surrounded by a truncated cone of the form of a reversed funnel c; the arrows
indicate in the drawing the direction of the passage of the air sucked up by the
truncated cone owing to the draught. The arrows marked by dotted lines indicate
the passage of the products of combustion and their escape.
It will be seen that any flowing back of the gases from above toward below is
prevented by the mushroom from re-entering the pipe L whence they had escaped.
Figs. 2 to 7 show details of a four-way cock for feeding at the same time or
separately 3 burner tubes of the above described type and likewise the lighter of
these latter. This cock is constructed in the following manner. The key M
(Figs. 2 to 7) is bored transversely with a hole or port-hole N (Fig. 7) which
communicates 1) on the plane of the line CD (Fig. 2) with the notches R and Q.
(Fig. 5) and sets in communication the gas inlet L with the feeder G of the central
burner, 2) also on the plane of the line A B (Fig. 2) with the notches O and P
(Fig. 6) which feed the left hand burner supply H and the right hand burner
supply and the lighter K in proportions necessary, the notches O, P, Q being
arranged in such a manner as to communicate with the orifices of the four tubes G
HIK in order to feed them proportionately, while the notch R remains in com-
munication with the orifice L in order to maintain the feeding in all these positions.
To determine the exact points of these positions as also those of the complete
closure of the whole, I apply the following arrangement. The key of the cock is
furnished with a crutch or lever arm S, which at s is provided with a spring
pressing a washer t. This washer being shouldered on the tube T compresses this
latter towards the axis of the key; to prevent this tube T from turning on S,
I have provided it with a screw U sliding in a groove, and the cylindrical head of
this screw encases itself successively in the notches & made in the height of the seat
at suitable points for determining the different positions to be occupied and
maintained by the key; if this position is wanted to be changed it is sufficient to
draw back the tube T, the screw leaves its notch, and the key is free; when the
tube T is released the key finds itself fixed again, namely in any one of the notches v
aforesaid. By this combination I do away with the multiple cocks of the ordinary
stamp, the manipulation of which is so complicated and presented serious dangers
if one forgot to close one of the cocks, or it one opened one casually. It is evident
that the form, the number, the dimensions etc. of the elements composing this system
of cocks may be modified and that it may be applied not only for the distribution of
the gas but also for that of water, steam or any other liquid.
Fig. 8 shows how I make the flame burn over the whole length of the burner.
I adapt on the burner tube two metallic blades A and B, A being vertical and

page_text: capable of sliding from below upward, so as to allow of regulating the split existing
hetween it and the horizontal blade B, which latter is fixed. The flame, when
leaving the gas tube rolls between these two rules and meets a similar flame coming
forth from an identical burner provided opposite. The result therefrom is a vertical
flame which burns all along the length of the burner.
Figs. 9 and 10 show the special use of my "radiating stove" for a kitchen stove
heated by any gas. This stove may have one or more burners. In the case of one
burner only being applied, the sides are heated by the lost heat, which is sufficient
for making water boil. It is covered with a cast metal plate A; this plate is
provided with movable rounds or rings concentrically as in Fig. 9 or three in a row
as in Fig. 10 allowing of uncovering the burner and of heating by the open fire,
without however blackening the saucepans as is the case with the old gas stoves.
Moreover the lost heat is heating in its passage the whole surface of the plate,
upon which cooking can be done with a small fire on the sides. The circumference
of the apparatus is provided with two metallic partitions of non heat conducting
material B, serving to concentrate the whole heat therein, the coating can also be
replaced by water which would keep hot like a water bath. Lastly beneath the
burners is placed a box C furnished with bad-conducting heat material, so as to
prevent radiation from beneath and to allow of placing the apparatus on any table
without any danger of burning the latter.
Figs. 11, 12 and 13 represent respectively a front view, a sectional view on the
line A, B, of Fig. 11, and a sectional view on the line C, D. E, F. of Fig. 12, of an
oven with grate. The gas, fed through the injector a in the tube b passes through
the holes of the burner c thus forming a flame screen which passes all over a
refractory (fireproof) plate X and renders the same red-hot. This fire radiates its
heat over the object to be roasted with great intensity, embraces the suspended
meat in front of the incandescent plate and roasts the same without causing any
smell; fish can be cooked without causing any smell. The heat of this fire source
after its radiation is then utilized for heating a pastry oven arranged ou the top
of the apparatus. This apparatus may also serve as a stove for heating apartments
by putting in place of the oven a coil of hot air tubes.
For kitchen stoves the burners are single or multiple; they may be used as
'heaters for open and covered fire, while heating at the same time, by the aid of
flame reflectors, the whole surface of the apparatus. The radiation of heat from
the burners beneath the oven thus allows of heating the plates and to offering
roasting surfaces.
If the gas has not the necessary pressure, I can apply a multiple injecting
.device.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The improved gas heating and cooking apparatus for burning any suitable gas
mixed with air.
2. The domed plate surrounded by a cone placed in the chimney or circuit of
escape.
3. The four way cock.
4. The controlling juxta posed tubes provided with metallic blades.
5. The use of a refractory incandescent screen or surface for roasting and other
purposes.
All substantially as illustrated and described and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 7th day of March 1895.
Dated this 7th day of March 1895.
R. HADDAN,
Of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.