A FURTHER IMPROVEMENT TO A MACHINE FOR THE WEAVING OF COTTON AND OTHER GOODS BY HAND, STEAM, WATER, OR OTHER POWER
Year: 1813

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HORROCKS, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Cotton Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirty-first day of July last, for Himself, His heirs and successors,
did give and grant unto me, the said William Horrocks, his special licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Horrocks, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and them-
selves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others
as I, the said William Horrocks, my executors, administrators, or assigns,.
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term of years therein unexpired, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A FURTHER IMPROVEMENT
TO A MACHINE FOR THE WEAVING OF COTTON AND OTHER GOODS BY HAND, STEAM,
WATER, OR OTHER POWER;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso, obliging me, the said William Horrocks, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference, being thereto had, will more
fully appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Horrocks, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described in manner following, that is to say :-
In the Drawing hereunto annexed and respectively numbered according to
the denominations of Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5,
Figure 6; the Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent a loom or such parts
thereof by distinct and different orthographic views or view, nearly of the nature
of sections, as it has been expedient and necessary to show, for the more per-
fect description of my said further improvement, and the application thereof to
the said loom, or to such other looms wherein the lathe is worked by a crank.
And Figure 6 represents my. said improvement, having the parts thereof
marked by small letters of the alphabet; and the said improvement is also
seen in Figure 5 in its place, where the same small letters denote the same
things in both Figures. And farther, the frame of the loom as is seen in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and a part of the same in Figure 6, is marked 1, 1, 1,
&c. Number 2 denotes the shaft of the crank, at one end of which is fixed a
loose and fast pully marked 3, 3, (Figures 1 and 4,) and at the same end is
fixed the fly wheel 4, for the purpose of regulating the motion of the machine.
At the other end of the crank shaft is fixed the wheel 5 (Figures 3 and 5),
which moves another wheel 6 double the diameter of the wheel 5, and on the
shaft 7 of the wheel 6 are fixed the tappets 8, 8, &c. (Figures 3 and 5); these
tappets alternately depress and raise the treddles 9, 9, &c., represented in
Figure 1 and 4. To the tappets are fixed the friction rollers 10, 10, (in
Figure 3 and 5), acting alternately on the mitre piece 11, 11, (Figures 3 and 4).
To the ends of these levers is fixed a strap, passing over the pully 13, 13,
(Figure 1 and 2). This pulley is fixed on the shaft 14 (Figure 1), and at the
other end is screwed the picking peg 15 (Figure 2), to the top of which are
tied the cords 16, 16 (Figure 2), which connect the pickers 17, 17, (Figure 2,
with the peg 18, 18; (Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5) are the lathe swords; 19, 19,
(Figures 2 and 5,) is a stud fixed in the lathe sword, which acts on the lower
part of the cross piece 20 (Figure 5), and at the top of 20 is a slender bar of
iron 21 (Figures 1 and 5), bent at the end to a right angle, which acts on the
ratchet wheel 23, Figures 1 and 5, and draws up the cloth as it is woven by
means of the weight 22, 22, Figures 1 and 5; 24, Figures 1 and 5, is a catch
bent in the same manner as 21, which prevents the ratchet wheel 23 from
turning back. Behind the ratchet wheel is a small wheel 25, Figure 5, fixed
on the ratchet wheel, and working in the wheel 26 (Figure 5), which is fixed
on the end of the cloth beam 27 (Figures 1, 2, and 4); 28, 28, &c., in Figures

page_text: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, give the different views of the lathe; 29, Figure 2, is the
frame in which the treadles 9, 9, are fixed; 30, Figures 1 and 3, are studs to
which the picking levers 11, 11, (Figures 1, 3, and 4,) are fixed; 31, 31, &c.,
in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, are pullies, to which the healds are hung; 32, 32,
(Figures 1, 4, and 5,) is the yarn beam, which is not represented in Figure 3,
for the purpose of giving a view of the back part of the lathe; 33 (Figure 1)
is the fork for throwing the loom in or out of motion; 34 (Figure 5) is a
stud to which is fixed a lever for the purpose of weighting the yarn beam.
Figure 6 represents my said further improvement, drawn upon a larger scale.
than that of the corresponding parts in the other Figures, or than that of the
said improvement, as seen in Figure 5; and, with regard to the actual scale
or size, the same must necessarily be different for different kinds of work. A
denotes the centre of the crank shaft; A, B, the crank arm, to which the
piece g is jointed at B; and in the said piece g, are two other centres c and d.
The letter h denotes a bar called the pendant bar, which is moveable upon a
centre f, adjustable in a long hole or slot at the top of the standard i, and
joined with the piece g at the centre c. The letter m denotes another piece
joined with g at the centre d, and with E, at the other end thereof, by a like
centre at the upper end of the lathe sword, as seen in Figure 5, where N
denotes the centre of motion of the said lathe sword on one side, so that the.
centres A, f, and N, are stationary, and the centres B, c, d, and E, are move-
able. And it may be clearly apprehended, that if B and E had been connected
by one inflexible bar or piece, the motion of E and that of the lathe itself would
have been alternately back and forward in the manner of a common treadle,
that is to say, very slow at the places of return and quickest in the middle of
each course out and home. But in my said improvement, as here shewn, the con-
nection between Band E is made by two pieces y and m jointed, and consequently
flexible at d; and the said two pieces are prevented from permanently forming
straight line, because the piece h governs or modifies the position of g by
means of the centre C, and the lathe sword governs or modifies the position of
the piece m, by means of the centre E; and whilst the crank arm A, B, is
turned round, the part E will be moved, not according to the action of
a common crank, but more swiftly or slowly, accordingly as the flexure or
action of bending at d shall or may concur with, or be opposite in its effect to,
the motion which could or might have been produced at E by means of an
inflexible bar, and such concurrence or opposition will vary accordingly as the
absolute, or relative, or proportional lengths of all the moving pieces, and the
situations of the centres respectively, shall or may be varied; but if the said
lengths and situations be taken, made, or adopted as set forth in the said Figure 6,
a

page_text: the pieces g and m will be very suddenly extended into a straight line by the
motion of the centre B, towards and into the position nearest to E, and so
likewise by the continuance of the motion of B; beyond that position the same
pieces will be again suddenly bended, and E will be drawn back to a position
where the effects of the crank action and of the flexure at d will be nearly
balanced, and E will remain during a considerable time, or part of the revolu-
tion of the crank, in a state nearly motionless; or, in other words, the lathe
will advance quickly, and give an effective stroke to the weft, and then with-
draw quickly to a stationary position. And among the beneficial consequences
will be the following: that the shuttle may pass the shed while the lathe is so
stationary; and also that a larger shuttle may be used sufficient to hold a full-
sized cop; and also that the waste of weft from bottoms in the cops will be
less; and also, that from the smartness of the stroke, there will be less weight
required upon the yarn beam; and the warp being less tense or tight,
the healds will require less power to work then, and consequently less charge
of first mover; and also that fewer threads of the warp will break in the work-
ing, whence the time and expence of stopping and knotting them will be.
saved; and also, that from the same reason of the smartness of the stroke,,
more threads of the weft can and may be laid in the inch, and the fabric will
be stronger, more uniform, and better wrought in all respects.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twentieth
day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and thirteen
in Chancery.
AND
IDERED, tha
same I wentieth day of Septem-
ber, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Horrocks came before
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.