IMPROVED ROOFING TILE."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles David Phillips at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1881.
CHARLES DAVID PHILLIPS, Gaer Fach Farm, Newport, Monmouthshire.
IMPROVED ROOFING TILE."
AN
The object of this Invention is to produce a roofing tile that shall form a
perfectly weather resisting roof and be impervious to wind, rain, or snow.
In order to attain this object I form on each of the four sides of my tile a
system of grooves with corresponding tenons, so that each tile shall lock into
another top and bottom on right and left hand side.
I also claim for my Invention the novelty of the bottom of top tile butting
against or locking into its corresponding lower one.
I propose to make my tiles of any suitable dimensions or pattern as regards
decoration.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles David Phillips in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th August 1881.
CHARLES DAVID PHILLIPS, Gaer Fach Farm, Newport, Monmouthshire.
IMPROVED ROOFING TILE."
" AN
This Invention relates to an improved roofing tile, and consists of a roofing tile
so formed that each tile when in use locks into its fellow on each of its four sides,
thus forming a groove and tenon joint preventing the possibility of snow or rain
penetrating the roof.
The Invention will be clearly understood on reference to the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, which show three ways in which it can be carried into effect, similar
letters of reference referring to similar parts in the several Figures.
Figure 1 is a plan of a tile constructed according to the Invention, and Figure 2
is a section of same on the line a, b, Figure 3 being a section of it on the
line c, d.
In carrying the Invention into effect I form on the upper left hand side of the
tile two raised tenons A and C, with the groove B between, as shown in the cross
section taken on the line c, d. I form on the under right hand side of the tile the
groove D with the tenon E on the outerside; thus, when the tiles are laid in place
the tenon E drops into the groove B and the groove D lays on the tenon A, as
shown in the cross section on c, d, thus forming a complete groove and tenon joint.
At the bottom end of the tile on the under side I form the projecting bar or
tenon G, seen in Figure 2, with the rabbit, as shown by the lines J, K,
and K, L.
At the top of the tile I form the raised surface or tenon H, H, and the
tenons F, F, F, the intermediate space M, M, M, forming an irregular shaped
groove. When the tiles are laid in place the tenon G of one tile rests in the
groove M, M, M, of its adjoining tile with the side of the rabbit J, K, against the
tenons F, F, F, and the top of the rabbit K, L, lays on the tenons F, F, F, and
masters them. In the tenon E I preferably form the drip groove X, also in the
tenon G the drip groove Z, as shown. The tiles thus arranged have when laid a
complete system of groove and tenon joints locking on cach side of the tile.
Figure 4 shows a plan view of a tile slightly different in form but arranged so
that it can lock into its neighbouring tile in a similar manner to the tile,
Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a section on the line a, b, of Figure 4, and Figure 6 a section on the
line c, d, of the same Figure. In this tile it will be seen that the tenon G is made
double, and when in place one of the tenons F of an adjoining tile take a position
between G, G, as seen in the upper portion of Figure 5. The drip grooves in
tenons G and E are also omitted.
Figures 7, 8, and 9 show another modification. Figure 7 represents a tile e in
the position it occupies when in place relative to its two lower adjoining ones f
and g, whilst Figures 8 and 9 are cross sections taken respectively on the
lines a, b, and c, d, of Figure 7. The Drawings in other respects explain
themselves, the raised portion N at about the centre of the lower edge of each tile
being made hollow or recessed underneath, as seen plainly in Figure S, to enable
the portion N when in position to clear the raised portion P of the lower
adjoining tile and its lower edge or tenon G to take well into the groove M, M.

page_text: And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
The improved roofing tile, as described and substantially as shown in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles David Phillips, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and eighty one.
CHARLES D. PHILLIPS. (L.S.)