Improvements in Fluid Pressure Power Motors.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 7th July, 1898-Accepted, 3rd Sept.,
1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fluid Pressure Power Motors.
I, ZDZISLAV MAEVSKY, of Vozniesnicnsky Prospecte, No. 38, Log, No. 53,
St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
1
This invention relates to a power engine which works with a reciprocating
piston, but in which the reciprocating motion of this piston is not converted by
means of a crank into rotary motion, but is converted into rotary motion through
the medium of worms or endless screws.
Two specifications have been filed concurrently with this by the present appli-
cant, and this application differs mainly from the other applications only in that
the engine described in this application is provided with two alternately working
cylinders and with a device for reversing the engine.
The means for carrying the invention into effect are illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings as follows:-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a power engine constructed accord-
ing to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a cross section on the line A-B of Figure 1.
The cylinders 2 and 3 which are separated from each other by a partition 1,
and which are formed in any suitable desired manner, constitute as it were one
piece and are fixed, as also the bearings 4 and 5 carrying the main shaft 6 to
the base plate of the engine. The pistons 7 and 8 which work in the cylinders 2
and 3 consist of two halves connected together by means of stay bolts 9, and
they are connected with each other by means of a coupling pipe 10 which encloses
the driving shaft 6 in a steam tight manner. To this coupling pipe there are
bolted the two pistons by means of their inner flanges or piston halves, and there
are arranged between the piston halves the nuts 12 and 13 which are each pro-
vided on their two outer sides with ratchet teeth and are formed inwardly with
threads. The threads of the two nuts engage in corresponding spiral grooves
cut from the centre towards both sides in the shaft 6 after the manner of the
well known twist drills and therefore when the nuts 12 and 13 are prevented
from rotating, but are moved in a longitudinal direction along the shaft, a rotary
motion will be imparted to the said shaft 6.
The arrangement is such that the two coupled pistons are capable of simul-
taneous movement in the longitudinal direction in a stuffing box provided in
the partition 1, and a valve gear 11 which is arranged over the cylinders and
which may be of any desired construction serves to effect the distribution of the
steam for one cylinder in such a manner that these two pistons, or rather
the piston consisting of two parts, is engaged or moved by both cylinders in the
same direction of movement. This is effected in a to-and-fro manner by means
of the valve gear and by means of a ratchet device and care is taken that the
movements of the two piston halves upon the working shaft shall always take
place in the same direction so that the said shaft shall receive a continuous motion
in one and the same direction.
For this purpose above all the two worm-shaped grooves which are cut in the
halves of the shaft are formed with opposite twist or rifling. Further, by means
of the ratchets which are provided on the nuts and also on the walls of the piston

page_text: and which are thrown into and out of gear automatically by means of the motion
of the piston, it is ensured that the corresponding nut which is just about to act
upon the shaft shall be coupled to the piston by the engagement of the ratchet.
The means of the distribution of the steam in the present form of construction
is shown as consisting of a flat slide valve gear, but as already mentioned is also
possible to employ any other desired valve gear. The chief thing in this inven-
tion is constituted by the two pistons which are coupled together by means of a
guide or jointing pipe or tube and are also coupled alternately with the driving
shaft by means of the nuts that are operated automatically by the movement of
the piston.
The mode of operation of the engine will be clearly understood from the fore-
going description and it will be at once perceived that the nut which is not
working at the time will simply move idly with the rotation of the shaft.
The hereinbefore described construction may be also employed very readily
with a very slight alteration or with a very slight addition for the purpose of
reversing the engine. An arrangement of this kind is also carried out in Figure 1
of annexed drawings.
Extending through the cylinder is a square operating rod which is provided
with a crank and which is guided in the two outer cylinder covers, and inside
the pistons is guided by steam-tight-closing screw-threaded tubes. Inside the
pistons there are mounted upon these tubes tappets which are formed on the under-
side with a notch or recess and by means of which the coupling nut of the two
pistons can be moved through the medium of a projection. The position of the
tappets with relation to each other is chosen such that on the commencement or
setting in of the direction of rotation toward each side there will always be one
nut engaged with the corresponding coupling which produces the rotation of the
shaft, whilst the other nut has so much play in its tappet that it remains with
its smooth end that is remote from its tooth end, bearing against the projection
of the tappet, and rotates, keeping out of engagement with its corresponding
teeth on the piston.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In improvements in power motors in combination, two cylinders with two
reciprocating pistons 7 and 8 each consisting of two halves connected together
by a tubular shaft 10, a driving shaft 6 passing through the said tubular shaft
in steam tight packings, a reversing device one part of which is formed by nuts
provided at both ends with oppositely arranged ratchet teeth and which engage
in parts of the driving shaft provided with oppositely directed spiral grooves or
threads, corresponding ratchet teeth provided on both halves of the piston and
adapted to engage with the adjacent teeth in the nut, and suitable slide or other
valve gear for controlling the working fluid all operating substantially as herein-
before described.
2. In improvements in power motors as claimed in the preceding claim con-
trolling the reversing device from the exterior of the engine by an exterior
crank, rod, and interior tappets substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The improved power motor for directly converting reciprocating into rotary
motion substantially as herein before described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
ted this 7th day of July 1898.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.