improvements in motors and Apparatus for Raising and forg Fluids and for other Purposes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Jate of Application, 7th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 7th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 4th May, 1889
improvements in motors and Apparatus for Raising and forg
Fluids and for other Purposes.
We, JAMES CAMBELL STEVENSON, of No. 10, Elm Grove, Smithdown Lane,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and JOSEPH MARSHALL, of Formby,
Liverpool, aforesaid, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to simple automatic apparatus for raising and forcing fluids
and is applicable to a variety of purposes where a reciprocating motion is necessary-
as for example with apparatus for cutting or sawing stone or other substances. The
actuating fluid may be water supplied from the town's water mains, or from
accumulators, or in some cases compressed air may be employed according to
circumstances. The apparatus as applied for raising and forcing a fluid from a lower
to a higher level comprises a suitable cylinder, hereinafter called the motor cylinder
having parts or passages communicating with it at or near its respective ends. The
opening and closing of these parts or passages is controlled by suitable means such as
a slide valve provided with a spindle or rod extending through a stuffing box with
which the valve chest or chamber is furnished. For the purpose of operating the
valve, the valve spindle may be provided with a suitable piston arranged to work in a
cylinder hereinafter called for distinction the valve cylinder, which is of sufficient
length to enable the required stroke to be given to the main slide valve.
The valve cylinder is provided with a valve chest and auxiliary valve similar to those
of the motor cylinder. The spindle connected to the auxiliary valve and which may
be arranged to slide through a suitable stuffing box and a guide or steady slide, is
provided with a pin or projection arranged to take into a slot or a recess formed in
one end of a lever, the other end of which is connected by suitable means, such as a
link, to the piston or pump rod. The length of the slot or recess in the lever may be.
such that its ends can only come in contact with the pin or projection on the auxiliary
valve spindle when either the main piston or the pump piston has approached within a
short distance of the ends of its stroke, at which time the auxiliary valve is moved

page_text: sufficiently to allow free admission to one end of the valve cylinder and exhaust from
the opposite end. The piston in the valve cylinder is then moved sufficiently to cause
the main slide valve to reverse the admission of motive fluid to and exhaust from the
main cylinder.
By this arrangement of valves a sufficient amount of lap or cover may be allowed
on the two slide valves to prevent waste of power. This is especially advantageous
where water at a high pressure is employed such as might be the case when raising
water from a deep mine and where the apparatus is fixed near the bottom of the mine
and worked by an accumulator at the surface for the purpose of dispensing with heavy
spier or pump rods. It will thus he understood that the main slide valve is moved by
a separate piston to which motion is given by the actuating fluid, the movement of
this piston being controlled by another slide valve worked by a lever from the main
piston or pump rod, supply pipes for motive fluid being connected to the main and
auxiliary valve chests. The exhaust pipes from the motor and valve cylinders may be
connected to the delivery or to the suction side of the lifting pump. The apparatus
may be placed in any suitable position to enable it to work in confined situations.
-The covers of the motor cylinder are so arranged that they can be readily removed
to admit of inspecting the piston, or fitting new packing according to the requirements
of the actuating fluid.
The piston rod connected to the piston in the motor cylinder has, according to one
arrangement, a second piston attached to it which works in another cylinder which
we will call the raising or forcing cylinder, and which is placed in line with the motor
cylinder. The diameters of the motor cylinder and raising or forcing cylinder will
vary according to requirements. A valve may be placed on the supply pipe, leading
to the motor cylinder; it may be automatically worked by the fluid to be raised
or forced, thereby making the apparatus self-starting and self-stopping, as required.
According to a modification, the motor piston rod can be attached directly to one
or more of the leaves of bellows such as are usually employed for blowing organs;
or it
may be attached to the arm of a saw frame for cutting stone or other substance.
The raising or forcing cylinder is provided with suitable foot and delivery valves so
arranged as to be double acting, i.e., to admit of raising and forcing respectively
during the rospective strokes of the piston. The piston in this cylinder may be
kept tight by either metallic or soft packing according to the purpose for which it
is used.
It is to be understood that apparatus of the kind referred to may be constructed in
modified forms to suit various requirements without departure from the essential
features of this invention.
Such apparatus may be used to work hydraulic hoists where the pressure in the
water mains of a town is not sufficient.
Dated this 7th day of May 1888
J. C. STEVENSON,
Per L. W.
J. MARSHALL,
Per L. W.

page_text: Improvements in Motors and Apparatus for Raising and Forcing
Fluids and for other Purposes.
We, JAMES CAMBELL STEVENSON, of No. 11 Elm Grove, Smithdown Lane,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and JOSEPH MARSHALL, of Formby,
Liverpool aforesaid, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: --
This invention relates to a simple automatic apparatus for raising and forcing
fluids and is applicable to a variety of purposes where a reciprocating motion is
necessary as for example with apparatus for cutting or sawing stone or other
substances. The actuating fluid may be water supplied from the town's water mains
or from accumulators or in some cases compressed air may be employed according to
circumstances. The apparatus as applied for raising and forcing fluid from a lower to
a higher level comprises a suitable cylinder, herein after called the motor cylinder
having ports or passages communicating with it at or near its respective ends. The
opening and closing of these ports or passages is controlled by suitable means, such as
a slide valve provided with a spindle or rod extending through a stuffing box with
which the valvo chest or chamber is furnished.
For the purpose of operating the valve, the valve spindle may be provided with a
suitable piston arranged to work in a cylinder hereinafter called for distinction the
valve cylinder which is of sufficient length to enable the required stroke to be given
to the main slide valve. The valve cylinder is provided with a valve chest and
auxiliary valve similar to those of the motor cylinder. The spindle connected to the
auxiliary valve and which may be arranged to slide through a suitable stuffing box
and a guide is provided with a pin or projection arranged to take into a slot or recess
formed in one end of a lever the other end of which is connected by suitable means,
such as a pin and slot connection to the piston or pump rod. The length of the slot
or recess on that end of the lever adjacent to the auxiliary valve spindle may be such
that its ends can only come in contact with the pin or projection on the said spindle
when either the main piston or the pump piston has approached within a short
distance of the ends of its strokes at which time the auxiliary valve is moved suffi-
ciently to allow free admission to one end of the valve cylinder and exhaust from the
opposite end. The piston in the valve cylinder is then moved sufficiently to cause
the main slide valve to reverse the admission of motive fluid to and exhaust from the
main cylinder. By this arrangement of valves a sufficient amount of lap or cover
may be allowed on the two slide valves to prevent waste of power.
This is especially advantageous where water at a high pressure is employed such as
might be the case when raising water from a deep mine and where the apparatus is
fixed near the bottom of the mine and worked by an accumulator at the surface for
the purpose of dispensing with heavy spier or pump rods. It will thus be understood

page_text: that the main slide valve is moved by a separate piston to which motion is given by
the actuating fluid, the movement of this piston being controlled by another valve
worked by a lever from the main piston or pump rod suitably arranged, supply pipes
for motive fluid being connected to the main and auxiliary valve chests.
The exhaust pipes from the motor and valve cylinders may be connected to the
delivery or to the suction side of the lifting pump. The apparatus may be placed in
any suitable position to enable it to work in confined situations. The covers of the
motor cylinder are so arranged that they can be readily removed to admit of inspecting
the piston, or fitting new packing according to the requirements of the actuating
fluid.
The piston rod connected to the piston in the motor cylinder has according to one
arrangement a second piston attached to it, which works in another cylinder which we
will call the raising or forcing cylinder, and which is placed in line with the motor
cylinder. The diameters of the motor cylinder and raising or forcing cylinder will
vary according to the pressure of motive fluid employed and the height through
which the water is to be raised.
The raising or forcing cylinder is provided with suitable foot and delivery valves,
so arranged as to be double acting i.e. to admit of raising and forcing respectively
during the respective strokes of the piston. The piston in this cylinder may be kept
tight by either metallic or soft packing according to the purpose for which it
is used.
The motor instead of driving a pump may have its piston rod directly attached to
the movable leaf or leaves of bellows such as are usually employed for blowing organs,
or it may be attached to the arm of a saw frame for cutting stone or other
substance.
Such motor apparatus may also be used to work hydraulic hoists where the pressure
in the water mains of a town is not sufficient, for working hoists direct.
It is to be understood that apparatus of the kind referred to may be constructed
in modified forms to suit various requirements without departure from the essential
features of this invention.
The accompanying drawing illustrates in vertical section a motor constructed
according to this invention water to be worked by water and arranged to drive a
pump suitable for pumping liquids.
is the motor cylinder provided with inlet and outlet passages A' arranged similar
to those of an ordinary steam engine cylinder; and B is a slide valve of ordinary
construction working in a valve chamber C.
The valve is connected to a spindle E, to which is attached a double cupped piston F
arranged to work in a cylinder D herein called the valve cylinder. When water is
used as the motive fluid the piston F may be constructed mainly of leather but when
steam or compressed air is used it is more advantageous to employ a metallic
piston.
The valve cylinder D is constructed similarly to the motor cylinder and is provided
with a valve G that may be a slide valve as shewn or a piston valve; it is of sufficient
length to permit of the piston F imparting the requisite motion to the valve B, and to
contain buffer springs H H that act as stops to the piston should the motor be driven
above a given speed thereby preventing the stroke of the valve B being increased
beyond its fixed length.
G is a slide valve for controlling the passage of motive fluid to and from the
respective ends of the valve cylinder; it is secured to one end of a valve spindle J
the other end of which is guided by and slides through a fixed guide-piece K as
shewn.
L is a tappet lever for operating the valve spindle J at the required times. This
lever is pivotted at L' and is formed at one end with a curved slot L' into which takes
a pin or projection on a crosshead M secured to the valve spindle J, the other end of
the lever being formed with a straight slot L³ into which takes a pin or projection
carried by a crosshead N secured to the main piston rod O and by which the lever is
operated.

page_text: The lengths of the two arms of the lever L and the length of the curved slot L² is
such that the valve G is operated to distribute motive fluid to and from the respective
ends of the valve cylinder and operate the piston F and valve B just before the
completion of each stroke of the main piston P.
This distribution of motive fluid to and from the ends of the motor cylinder is
thereby reversed and the piston P caused to make its next stroke.
R is the cylinder of the raising or forcing pump which in the example shown is
made double acting and is provided with the ordinary foot and delivery valves S
and T. is the pump plunger or piston connected to and operated by the piston
rod O.
When ordinary slide valves are employed as in the example shown, it is advantageous
to attach the exhaust or discharge pipes CD of the motor and valve cylinder
respectively, to the delivery or uptake pipe U from the pump R.
When the motive fluid is at a high pressure the ordinary slide valve B shewn in
the drawing may advantageously be replaced by an equilibrium valve or a piston
valvo in order to reduce friction and also the diameter of the valve cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a motor worked by fluid pressure a main distributing valve worked by the
piston of an auxiliary cylinder to which motive fluid is distributed by another valve
that is operated by a lever worked from the piston rod of the motor substantially as
hereinbefore described.
2. The improved combined motor and apparatus for raising and forcing fluids
constructed arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the drawings annexed.