IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING, WINDING, AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
CHAMPION, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, and THOMAS MARSDEN, of
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-eighth day of December, in the seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said James Champion and Thomas Marsden, Her especial license, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said James Champion and
Thomas Marsden, our exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said James Champion and Thomas Marsden, our exors, adñors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING, WINDING, AND
SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso that we, the said James Champion and Thomas
Marsden, or one of us, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
James Champion and Thomas Marsden, do hereby declare that the nature of

page_text: our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon (that is to say):
Our improvements in machinery for preparing and spinning cotton and
other fibrous substances, are,-
First, by a novel application of material and mechanical arrangement to
produce a pressing roller for the drawing of the various fibrous substances,
that will be less liable to get out of repair than those now in use, and at the
same time sufficiently elastic as to give such a surface of ahesion on the roller
on which it presses as is sufficient to produce the desired effect.
And, secondly, by a new arrangement and combination of mechanism applied
to the throstle principle of spinning (that is, the principle where the yarn is
wound on the bobbin as it is twisted, to produce a more steady and regular
tension or drag to the thread as it proceeds from the roller to the bobbin, and
also to gain increased velocity in the spindle without vibration.
It is well known to all practical spinners, that as the fibres leave the drawing
rollers, there ought to be a certain tension or strain put on them during the
process of twisting, and also that the more equal the tension is the more equally
will the yarn be twisted, and consequently be better and stronger. The ordinary
throstle is very defective in this respect; a variation in the speed of the
spindle and flyer, and the bobbin, for the purpose of winding the yarn on the
bobbin, is required, but on this principle the spindle has a tendency to take
the bobbin with it as quickly as it goes itself. Various means have therefore
to be adopted to hold back the bobbin to produce the requisite variation, but
although the spindle may carry the bobbin at its own speed, yet at certain
moments it may not operate at all (as it is only by its adhesion to the socket
or hole in the bobbin that it does operate on it); if this occur, the yarn
must either take the bobbin round or break; most probably it may, in elastic
fibres, such as cotton, draw the yarn finer and thus make it unequal in
thickness; all the variation, therefore, in the force applied by the spindle for
carrying round the bobbin is thrown upon the yarn, consequently the tension
or strain upon it is continually varying and the twist is irregularly put in ;
there may be the same number of twists in the entire length of the yarn, but
it will be uneqaully distributed over the surface of it.
To remedy these defects is our object. We propose to carry the bobbin a
certain number of revolutions according to the fineness of the yarn, leaving
the yarn as many revolutions to move the bobbin round as may be required
to put in the twist at a proper tension. The speed of the bobbin of course

page_text: през ана тан
is very trifling, in a middle number of yarns not more than one in ninety. The
yarn also has greater power over the bobbin as the bobbin increases in diameter,
its force being applied at a greater distance from the centre of the bobbin.
The centrifugal force also increases as the bobbin increases in diameter and
weight. With these observations we now proceed to describe the nature of our
Inventions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 and 2 are a front view and section of our improved spinning
spindles, &c. A and B are the ordinary spindle rails, such as are used in
throstles; E is the spindle; D is the flyer; and F the wharve, round which
a band passes, for giving motion to the spindle and flyer. This motion is
communicated by the band G from the tin cylinder H (see Figure 12).
The rail A not only supports the spindle, but also traverses vertically, so
as to move the entire length of the barrel of the bobbin R. On this rail,
and fixed firmly to it, is the tube I, which is fastened by a nut J to the rail,
and passes upwards as high as the top of the bobbin R. This fixed tube
not only supports the spindle, but also supports another tube L. On the
lower part of this tube is a wharve, on which the bobbin R is put. The
bobbin is not fast to this tube, but merely rests on the wharve, and its hole
or socket fits the stalk of the tube. The tube L, by means of this wharve,
receives motion from the tin cylinder P by means of the band O. This
upper cylinder is connected with the cylinder that drives the spindles by
means of the wheels Q. It will be seen that the spindles and flyers may
be driven at one speed and the bobbins at another, and such speed may
be varied by changing one of the wheels on either of the cylinders H
and P. This might also be effected by having pullies on the end of each
cylinder, and changing the diameters to vary the drag. The inner fixed
tube in these Figures 1 and 2 passing so high up the spindle supports
it more firmly, and, consequently, enables it to be driven at a much greater
velocity without vibrating. Figures 5 and 6 are similar to 1 and 2, only
the fixed tube I merely passes a short distance up the outer or revolving
tube, the upper part of the revolving tube fitting the spindle. Figures 7
and 8 are the same, only the revolving tube fits the spindle both top and
bottom, and an ordinary bolster is fixed in the rail on which the revolving tube
rests. Figures 10 and 11 show that by an additional rail C the revolving

page_text: tube is supported by the rails A and C, and this tube by this means not
only carries the bobbin round but also supports the spindle. In all these
Figures the drag for the yarn is got by the bobbin varying its speed, but
in Figures 3 and 4 the bobbin is fast by means of a pin to the revolving
tube, and the variation is thrown on the upper part of the spindle and flyer.
This upper part of the spindle and the flyer are supported on a short spindle,
which is supported by the rails B and C. This short spindle is driven at
such a speed as is requisite for the yarn, and such extra speed as may be
required for the yarn is gained by the upper part of the spindle and flyer
being carried by the yarn quicker than they are carried by the lower part
of the spindle. Figure 16 shows the revolving tube attached to the bobbin,
and driven at a regular speed. The spindle is driven at such a speed as
is requisite, and the extra speed for the drag is gained by the flyer being
carried round at a quicker speed than the spindle. The flyer, as will be
seen, is attached to the spindle by means of a stalk, which passes down
a hole bored vertically in the upper part of the spindle. Figure 17 is
the same as 16, only the flyer has a socket attached to it, by means of which
it fits and works round the upper part of the spindle. Figures 18 and 19
show an inverted flyer attached to the revolving tube L, which tube is
fixed, and revolves in an ordinary bolster I. The spindle is driven at a
certain speed, such as may be requisite for the drag, and the variation is
produced in the bobbin, which is carried by the yarn at a quicker speed
than what the spindle carries it. The bobbin of course fits loose on the
spindle D. In these Figures the upper rail is fixed, and the lower, together
with the spindles and bobbins, traverses, and, by a motion well known,
that traverse is so regulated as to lay the yarn on the bobbin so as to
produce conical ends similar to a mule cop. All these plans are driven
by two separate cylinders, as before described. Figures 20 and 21 shew
our revolving tube L, in every respect the same as Figures 1 and 2, only
the tube not being driven a wharve is not required. The tube L rests:
loose on the fixed tube I, and would of course be merely moved by the
friction of the bobbin moving on it. For coarse spinning or doubling,
when a heavy drag is requisite, this may be requisite, and, in fact, in some
instances where a very heavy drag is required, the revolving tube may be
driven the contrary way to what the spindle runs. To effect this would
not require any change in the various plans named; it would only require
the changing of the leading side of the band that drives the tubes.
Of course
Figures 20 and 21 would only require one line of tin cylinders or pullies.
Figures 13, 14, and 15 are a front view, plan, and end view of our

page_text: improved pressing roller. A is the shaft or axle on which the roller is fixed.
B is a socket bored out to fit the shaft A, and at one end is fast to one
of the flanges E. C is a conical pulley bored out to fit the diameter of
the bush of the socket B. D are segments of circles, fitting at their smaller
diameter on the cone C; the upper part of these segments have flanges on H,
the width of the pressing roller. E are plates or flanges for binding the
roller together; one of these is fast to the bush and socket B, and the
other is fastened to this one by means of the screws F. G is a screw passing
through the outer flange or plate E and the cone C. When this screw
is turned it forces out from or brings nearer to the centre of the roller the
segments D. On the flanges of these segments, and encircling them, is a
layer of india rubber or other clastic material I, which is also encircled
by a thin plate of metal J. It will be seen by this description that the
outer covering of metal may at any time be kept expanded, as is required,
by means of the regulating screw, &c., as described.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, we wish it to be
understood, that we claim as our Inventions are, the application of a revolving
tube, according to the different modifications, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 5, 6,
7, 8, 10, 11, 18, and 19, and also as applied in Figures 3, 4, 16, and 17,
with the addition in those plans of the spindle being carried as described;
and, in connexion with the various plans, we also claim the application of
two lines or cylinders of pullies for giving motion to the spindles and
revolving tubes separately, the relative speed of which cylinders or pulleys
may be varied by geering or pulleys.
We further claim the application of the revolving tube running loose
on the fixed tube, merely moved by the friction of the bobbin, as shewn
in Figures 20 and 21; and we also claim the driving of the revolving tube
or the varying spindles, either the same way as the flyer winds the yarn
on the bobbin or the contrary way.
We also claim for the spinning of flax yarn the application of a vertical
traverse for the rail that supports the top of the spindle to the common or
ordinary spinning spindles, such as are now used for spinning flax.
We further claim the application of an elastic material of india rubber,
leather, cloth, &c., and the encircling this with a metalic substance for
pressing rollers, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Champion, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
JAMES (L.s.) CHAMPION. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of June, in
the year
of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid James Champion came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.