matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPA- RATUS FOR PRODUCING A DUPLICATE OF PATTERNS, DESIGNS, OR MANUSCRIPTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dadswell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1875.
I, JOHN DADSWELL, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPA-
RATUS FOR PRODUCING A DUPLICATE OF PATTERNS, DESIGNS, OR MANUSCRIPTS," to
be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of taking accurate, copies
of drawing, sketches, designs, patterns, or manuscripts in a manner
which will enable faithful duplicates of the originals to be obtained with
facility.
The arrangement of apparatus forming the subject of this Invention
may be thus described :-Two wheels bearing upon a level surface and
placed at some distance apart, the peripheries of which are serrated and
connected by an axis supporting a bar or rod in a position elevated above
the same. This bar or rod is provided with two bearings which are
attached to and project from the inner face thereof. From each of these

page_text: bearings swivelling rods project, which terminate in similar bearings
connected to a second bar, the position and motion of which through
the medium of the said connecting rods will always be parallel and
rectilinear to the bar, riding on the axis of the serrated wheels before
mentioned. This second bar is provided with sliding blocks or pieces
which form holders for scribers, pencils, pens, or other instruments
capable of producing impressions, lines, or indentations; for example,
one block or holder at one end of the parallel bar will be provided with
a scriber, and the other at the opposite end will be provided with a
pencil.
-
The operation of copying a design by this instrument would be as
follows: On the left of the draughtsman a blank sheet of paper would
be placed, and on his right the sketch, design, pattern, manuscript to
be copied. The instrument is then so placed that the scriber would be
over the original, and the pencil over the blank paper; it is therefore
obvious that at the time the scriber is caused to pass over the design
the pencil is simultaneously producing the same movement upon the
blank paper, thus producing a exact duplicate copy of the same.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR ADVERTISING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ellison Bates and
Edward Money at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th November 1875.
We, CHARLES ELLISON BATES, of 16, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex, and EDWARD MONEY, of 21, Glasshouse Street, in
the said County, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR ADVERTISING," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to a new or improved method of and means for
advertising.
We
According to our Invention we employ for the purpose of advertising
small sheets of paper to be used in the watercloset or privy.
combine a certain number of sheets of paper of convenient size, and
medicated or otherwise, into a bundle or pad so that the several sheets
will not fall apart but may be torn off or separated one at a time as may
be required for use, and upon each of such sheets is printed, embossed,
or otherwise set forth or configured an advertisement or advertisements
on one or both sides of the paper, care being taken in case both sides

page_text: are thus utilised that the ink or other material employed shall be of a
perfectly innocuous nature; thus combined not only is the pad
convenient and desirable for use, but almost every advertisement is
ensured being read before the sheet is torn off or separated from the pad
or bundle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gullery at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June
1875.
I, JOHN GULLERY, of Belfast, in tho County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
For the purpose of regulating the velocity of the bobbins, perns, and
spools during the process of filling same with yarn or other filamentous
materials, and of preventing the attenuation or breakage and waste of
such yarn and other filamentous materials by the greater tension to
which they are subjected through the negligence or inattention and
irregularity of the attendants in shifting or applying the cords and
weights at present commonly used and known as "drags," I employ a
cord, belt, band, or chain, or cords, belts, bands, or chains, which I
attach at one end thereof to the builder, and pass partially round the
grooved flange or bottom of each bobbin, pern, or spool, leaving the
other end to be made fast by the attendant to a screw slide or saddle
nut.

page_text: The drag is put on or increased by the aid of a screw bolt or shaft
fixed upon or attached to the builder and passing through the screw
slide or saddle nut, and its action is made automatic by means of a
ratchet wheel operated upon at each fall of the builder by a pawl fixed
upon the spindle rail or other convenient part of the frame.
The cord, belt, band, or chain passes alternately by the front and
back of the bobbins, perns, or spools, and may be guided where
necessary or desirable by grooved pulleys or pins attached to or fixed
upon the builder.
In order to provide for the self-accommodation of the drag to any
irregularity in the construction of the bobbins, perns, or spools, or
otherwise, and to prevent injury from any accidental strain, I use a
spring or springs to connect the cord, belt, band, or chain to the builder
or to the screw slide or saddle nut, or I may furnish the screw slide or
saddle nut with a spring or springs for that purpose.
AN IMPROVED PROTECTOR FOR THE NECK AND CHEST FROM COLD
Year: 1875

page_text: of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Harris at the Office
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
December 1875.
I, PHILIP HARRIS, of Chatham, in the County of Kent, Lieutenant-
Colonel Royal Marines Light Infantry, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROTECTOR FOR THE NECK AND CHEST
FROM COLD," to be as follows, that is to say :-
-
Having observed that colds in the throat, chest, and lungs are most
frequently. caught from want of due protection round the base of the
neck, and the parts of the chest, back, and shoulders adjacent thereto,
for which at present there is no article of dress in use that will give the
requisite protection, especially in view of the prevailing custom of both
sexes to wear very low and open shirt collars, and neckties which give
no warmth, I conceived the idea of forming a protector for the neck
and chest which I call a gorget and breast plate by uniting by a seam
a collar or neck band of woollen cloth to a rim or edging of the same
material, which latter is intended to lie upon the parts of the back,
chest, and shoulders adjacent to the base of the neck and to be made
to fit them.

page_text: The size of the collar varies according to the measure required, and
the size of the edging will correspond with the width or depth of either,
and will vary according to the requirements of the wearer, but in
general that of the collar will be about one inch and a half, tapering
towards the ends, and that of the rim or edging about three inches.
The fastening on this article of dress is intended to be by the same
back and front studs as are used to fasten the shirt and ordinary white
collar in the case of men and by pins for the use of women; if desired
the two ends of "the gorget" however will be fastened to each other in
front of the neck by a hook and eye or other convenient method.
22
7222
The gorget may be worn under the shirt or over the shirt, but under
the collar, being made invisible or otherwise at pleasure.
-
The gorget may be worn alone, or if desired, for the purpose of
protecting the bronchial tubes of the lungs in conjunction with any
ordinary breast plate which could be buttoned on to it. But to provide
for this want I propose to have some gorgets made with a breast plate
attached by fastenings or a seam, or made all in one piece with the rim
or edging. I propose to make the gorget and gorget and breast plate of
any suitable material, such as cloth, flannel, silk, paper, and the
patent felted fabric," also of all colours.
66
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING THE VELOCITY OF AIR OR OTHER CURRents, and THE SPEED OF VESSELS MOVING THROUGH WATER."
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis John Pastorelli, of No. 208, Piccadilly,
in the Parish of St. James, in the County of Middlesex, Instru-
ment Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR
MEASURING AND RECORDING THE VELOCITY OF AIR OR OTHER CURRents, and
THE SPEED OF VESSELS MOVING THROUGH WATER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis John Pastorelli
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th October 1875.
I, FRANCIS JOHN PASTORELLI, of No. 208, Piccadilly, in the Parish
of St. James, in the County of Middlesex, Instrument Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING THE VELOCITY OF AIR OR OTHER
CURRENTS, AND THE SPEED OF VESSELS MOVING THROUGH WATER," to be as
follows:-
It consists of the attaching to an apparatus which has cups, fans. or

page_text: vanes revolving on an axis, and which are acted upon and moved by
currents of air or water, of a battery and an electro-magnet connected
with a train of wheels which register on a dial or dials in feet, miles,
or other measurements, the velocity of such currents or motions.
I do not hereby claim any particular mechanical arrangement of the
apparatus, but I claim the application of electricity to such an appa-
ratus for the purpose of recording and registering the velocity of air or
other currents in coal and other mines, also the velocity of water
currents, the speed of vessels moving through water, and the draught of
air through ventilators and chimnies.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PURSE MOUNTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Bechtold at the Office of
the Commissioners of Pater, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1875.
I, MARTIN BECHTOLD, of the Firm of Laber and Bechtold, of
St. Luke's, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PURSE MOUNTS," to be as
follows:-
-
Purse and portemonnaie mounts as ordinarily made are provided with
a central division and an expanding pocket on either side thereof. One
of these pockets is made to shut beneath the top rim of the central
mount, and is secured by a clasp embracing the edges both of the mount
and the pocket; this form of clasp is difficult to open under certain
circumstances, and the pocket on the opposite side of the central
division always remain open and exposes the contents every time the
purse or portemonnaie is used.
According to my Invention I make the central mount and its
fastenings of such form that both pockets may be secured thereto in the
closed position, and either of them be opened without theother. For

page_text: this purpose I make the mount of sufficient breadth to embrace the top
rims of both pockets, and attach it to the central cardboard division
by means of a strip of metal bent of an form, to the top of which the
rim of the mount is soldered.
A pendent latch is pivoted on either side for retaining the pockets in
the closed position. This latch may be readily pushed aside or raised
sufficiently to open the pocket without removing the glove from the
hand in order to insert the finger nail as is necessary with the ordinary
clasp.
MENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN SPINNING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Alexander Greenwood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th February 1875.
I, FREDERICK ALEXANDER GREENWOOD, of Ilkley, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN SPINNING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:―
This Invention has reference to improvements in machinery for which
Letters Patent were obtained by myself and Samuel Edward Asquith,
dated 5th April 1872, No. 1000, and consists in improvements in that
part of the machinery known as the "twisters."
Firstly. Instead of having the "twisters" fastened or fixtures to the
spindles, and remaining thereby in one position, I provide a socket- on
the "twister" into which the spindle end is fitted so as to slide freely;
by this arrangement the distance between the point or eye of the
"twisters" and the nip of the rollers, may be varied or regulated to suit
the quality or nature of the material operated upon. The "twisters"

page_text: are retained in any required position with regard to the rollers by means
of suitable set-screws.
Secondly. At the end of each of the "twisters" is provided an open
eye, into which the material may be passed without the trouble of
threading occasioned when the closed eye is used; this dispenses with 5
the adjustable eye explained in the Specification of the herein-before
mentioned Patent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Recs and Sankey Gardner
i
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th January 1875.
We, EVAN REES, of Neath, in the County of Glamorgan, and SANKEY
GARDNER, of Eaglesbush Foundry, Neath, in the County of Glamorgan,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FIRE-BARS," to be as follows:
This Invention consists in the construction of firc-bars, of a double V
form in section; or of a square or rhomboidal form set diagonally. The
distance between the bars is maintained by blocks on said bars.. By.
making fire-bars in the way described, there is a free passage for the air,
the clinkers are carried off casier than heretofore, and a saving of fuel is
thereby effected because of the free access of the air to all parts of the.
fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO NAIL AND OTHER BRUSHES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Melton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
February 1875.
I, FREDERICK MELTON, of Leadenhall Street, in the City of London,
but temporarily of Reading, in the County of Berks, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE
TO NAIL AND OTHER BRUSHES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention consists in the application and method of fixing to nail
brushes of a piece of pumicestone so as to form a pumicine nail brush,
the improvements are also applicable to other brushes such as painters'
brushes.
In carrying out my improvements a piece of pumicestone is cut to
the required size and shape (preferably rectangular on plan), the sides
being made to taper inwards towards the top or upper part. The base of
the pumicestone thus formed is placed on the outside of the frame of the
brush, which is made of wood, bone, ivory, or horn, as usual. In the usual
cover forming the back of the brush I make a rectangular slot or opening
corresponding in size and shape with the plan of the pumicestone, and

page_text: also having tapering sides. This cover or back is passed over the
pumicestone; the tapering sides of the slot or opening closely embracing
the lower part of the taper sides of the pumicestone, the cover or back
is then screwed or rivetted to the frame of the brush in the usual
manner, and the pumicestone will be firmly fixed to the brush. This
method of fixing will allow of the pumicestone being easily removed if
it should be broken or worn and replaced by a fresh piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MECHANISM FOR HOLDING AND ADJUSTING THE FLAT WICKS OF LAMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Lotz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1875.
I, WILLIAM FREDERICK LOTZ, of 19, Carter Lane, Saint Paul's
Churchyard, Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declaro the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MECHANISM FOR HOLDING AND
ADJUSTING THE FLAT WICKS OF LAMPS,” to be as follows :-
-
This Invention of improvements in the mechanism for holding and
adjusting the flat wicks of lamps consists in applying a spring or
springs to the axis carrying the ratchets or wheels for propelling or
withdrawing the wick in the tube, and in giving to the circular holes
in which the axis is turned an elongated or oval form, so that whether a
thick or thin flat wick be used there is always a constant pressure of the.
ratchet or wheels against the wick; and also in replacing the usual
ratchets or wheels with a barrel the width of the flat wick and of
suitable diameter, the outer circumference of the barrel is cut over with
a sharp pointed tool to make small projections, or it is perforated from
the inside, or nearly perforated so as to leave projecting points or sharp
•

page_text: burrs of metal, or the barrel may be fitted with small pointed projecting
pins.
The spring for keeping the axis carrying the wheels, ratchets, or
barrel, pressed against the wick may be one C spring with forked ends
to receive the axle, and attached by the middle to the lamp or fitted in
a recess provided for it; or it may be composed of a helical spring or
springs of wire attached to the axle and arranged to pull the axis
constantly towards the wick; or the springs may be arranged in various
manners according to the form and requirements of each particular
lamp.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR USE IN GATHERING CORN AND OTHER SIMILAR CROPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Musson Wilders at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th July 1875.
I, JOSEPH MUSSON WILDERS, of Barkstone-in-the-Vale, in the County
of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR USE IN GATHERING CORN AND OTHER SIMILAR
CROPS," to be as follows
-
My improved apparatus consists of a platform supported on a suitable
frame or carriage mounted on wheels, and sloping in the direction of its
forward end. An acute angled board is hinged to one side of this
platform, on which the corn is thrown by the reaper. The corn is then
gathered into a band and tied, and the sheaf is passed on to a board
hinged on its under side to the hinder end of the said platform,
the said board projecting rather more than half its length beyond the
end of the platform The said board is held in position by a spring
catch or other equivalent device, and when the desired number of
sheaves is collected upon it, and the spring catch or other holding

page_text: device is released, the sheaves are thrown on the ground, the board
being returned to its position by a weight or other suitable means.
The men who tie the sheaves and pass them to the hinged board stand
in pits or boxes sunk below the level of the platform, said boxes being
so constructed as to be raised or lowered as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING CORKS FROM BOTTLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th April 1875.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM WILSON, of the Firm of Wilson & Co., Grocers
and Wine Merchants, of Woodbridge, in the County of Suffolk, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING CORKS FROM BOTTLES," to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to novel apparatus for extracting or removing
corks, which in attempting to draw them or otherwise, have been forced
into the bottles.
My improved apparatus is constructed and operated as follows:-The
extractor is a spiral implement resembling a common augur, except that
its thread or worm, instead of being parallel in form, is largest at its end
and taper or inclined therefrom towards its rod or handle; and I prefer
that the thread or worm should be cut crosswise or notched to enable it
to take a firmer hold upon a cork being extracted; but a plain spiral
worm or thread with sharp edges will serve the desired purpose. This

page_text: extractor is to be arranged in a vertical position and to enter and
rotate, and move up and down within the bottle from which a cork is to
be extracted. The said cork will naturally fall into the shoulder of the
bottle, and will thereby come in contact with the extractor which will
cut into the cork, and by its action thereon will quickly remove it from
the bottle.
To impart to the said extractor the desired rotary and up-and-down
motion within the bottle, I form on its rod or spindle a screw or worm
which works through a screw nut or thread on a frame or bracket,
whereby the apparatus is supported. When the said rod or spindle is
rotated the said screw produces the desired endwise or up-and-down
motion.
In some instances I impart the desired rotary motion to the spindle by
means of a long pinion fixed on the same and geared with a reciprocating
rack operated by a crank or other suitable mechanism. This arrange-
ment and method of operating the extractor is particularly advantageous
in cases where I employ a number or series of the said extractors
arranged side by side in a machine. I prefer that the extractor should
be fitted and held by friction in a socket in its rod or spindle, so that it
will rotate freely except when being drawn out with the cork, at which
time it will be kept from rotating so that having obtained a proper hold
on the cork it will bring it straight out of the bottle.
Instead of using a rack geared with the said pinion for operating the
'extractor, I may use a crown wheel with teeth only on one half of its
'circumference, and geared with a long pinion or two small pinions or half
pinions fixed in the proper positions on the said rod or spindle; or I may
provide the said rod or spindle with a handle formed with an internal
worm or thread and with a piece fitted to slide telescopically therein, or
I may provide it with a plain cross bar or handle and operate it by
hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cameron Graham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th January 1875.
I, JOHN CAMERON GRAHAM, of Ballewan, Stirlingshire, Scotland, and
4, Crooms Hill, Greenwich, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to increase the evaporative power of
boilers, and by certain arrangements of hoods or plates over the tubes
and furnaces to prevent that peculiar action called priming.
In an ordinary tubular boiler there is a violent upward current through
the spaces between the tubes when firing is going on. This current
being partly composed of water, and partly of steam, and a down current
between the nests of tubes, and between the tubes and the shell of the
boiler. My object is to increase the rapidity of these currents and to
make them more regular in their action. The water which is carried up
in the current between the tubes in the centre of each nest has to find its
way to the spaces between the nests over the top of the steam and water

page_text: which are rising through the spaces between the tubes near the outside
of each nest, and in doing so is frequently thrown up into the steam
space of the boiler, whereby both very wet steam is produced, and the
circulation very materially interfered with. To prevent this throwing
up of the water from taking place I fix over each nest of tubes or over t
them all if there are no spaces between the nests a hood or hoods or
inclined plates with an aperture in the top, so that the whole of the
steam and water constituting the upward current has to pass through
this contracted aperture. The aperture may be above or near the water
level. The effect of this arrangement is that the mixed current of 1
steam and water gushes with great rapidity out of the aperture, the
steam disengages itself and the water runs over the top sides of the hood
in perfect quict to the places where the down currents are going on.
The effect of contracting the space over the tubes and furnaces is to
make the ascending column between the tubes lighter, and so to increase 1
the rapidity of the circulation, and there is this further advantage if tho
plates are carried above or nearly up to the water line, that if a very
violent sudden generation of steam takes place from any cause, such as
the sudden opening of the throttle valve, a large quantity of water is
thrown out of the intertubular spaces, and not being able to get back
again from above a more rapid than usual current sets in from below,
and instead of the circulation being as is now the case greatly deranged
by such an occurence, the circulation is very much improved. In
certain cases to provent the current through the aperture from rising. to
too great a height I should prefer to place a bafflo plate a few inches
above it, which would direct the current laterally. The improvements
apply to marine, stationary, and locomotive boilers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND PRINTING ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS, FOLIAGES, FRUITS, AND LIKE OBJECTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Armand Roquencourt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th June 1875.
I, VICTOR ARMAND ROQUENCOURT, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23,
Paris, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND PRINTING ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS, FOLIAGES,
FRUITS, AND LIKE OBJECTS," to be as follows:—
My Invention relates to the printing in colours of the parts which
form artificial flowers, foliages, fruits, buds, and like objects, by means
of lithography, oleography, or colour printing, and similar processes.
For this purpose I draw upon stone or engrave on wood or metal the
portions of flowers, foliage, fruits, buds, and the like, with their veins,
contours, and different shades, and from these I take impressions on
paper, linen, or tissues of other kinds, or on skin, caoutchouc, gutta
percha, or other flexible sheets. The parts so printed are then cut out
and put together by hand in the usual way. I employ natural leaves or
other parts for transfer to the printing surface when they are of the
required size; but if not, I photograph them to any desired scale.

page_text: In the printing pressure is applied to make the impression follow the
veining, or to take the shape of such hollows or projections as are
formed in the block or plate employed.
For the shading or variation of tint I tako successive impressions in
the manner of colour printing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING OR PREPARING CORN OR SIMILAR SUBSTANCES AND REDUCING THE SAME INTO FLOUR, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1875.-A communication from abroad by Oscar
Oexle, of Augsburg, Bavaria.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING OR PREPARING CORN OR SIMILAR
SUBSTANCES AND REDUCING THE SAME INTO FLOUR, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication to me from abroad by
Oscar Oexle, of Augsburg, Bavaria, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of and apparatus for
preparing grain and reducing the same into flour, and has for its object
the production of flour of superior quality by a continuous process with
less power than is required by the ordinary system, and without the
necessity for heating the meal.
In order to effect these objects it is proposed to employ smooth rollers
composed of hard cast steel or similar hard material, and revolving at a
high velocity, between which rollers the grain to be prepared is intro-
duced, and there subjected to the action of the same.

page_text: '
The rollers are mounted in a frame in pairs (two or more of such pairs
being by preference employed), and one roller of each pair driven by
gearing, whilst the other revolves by frictional contact, and is pressed
towards the corresponding geared roller by hydraulic power. The grain
having been operated upon by the rollers the produce is subjected to the
action of a "Carr's disintegrator" or similar apparatus, after which it
undergoes a process of sifting and sizing, and the flour having been
removed, the remainder, more particularly the middlings and semolina, is
again subjected to the action of the rollers. The bran particles (thirds),
intermixed with the granular starchy particles of the semolina and
middlings, are squeezed flat by the before-mentioned rollers, or by
any other suitable means into the form of cakes, which are again
disintegrated, and the process is thus carried on continuously, and flour
of a superior quality is obtained more economically than heretofore.
AN IMPROVED PRESS FOR BURNISHING OR POLISHING PHOTOGRAPHS, CARDS, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lyon Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1875.
I, THOMAS LYON TAYLOR, of Chester, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PRESS
FOR BURNISHING OR POLISHING PHOTOGRAPHS, CARDS, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES,"
to be as follows
This Invention relates to that class of press wherein the burnishing or
polishing is effected by passing the photograph or card between a
revolving cylinder and a burnishing bar, the object of the said Invention
being to prevent the formation of lines across the photograph, which
frequently occurs with presses as hitherto constructed, and to allow for
varying thicknesses of cards or mounts, which has also been a source of
injury to or even destruction of the photograp.
I mount the cylinder in suitable bearings, which can be raised or
lowered by means of set screws, and at the back of the brasses or bearing
pieces I insert a piece of solid india-rubber. By screwing down the set
screws sufficient pressure can be given to impart the desired glaze or
polish to the photograph or card at the same time that if the card or

page_text: mount should be thicker than usual the cylinder can give way slightly,
and the work will not be injured.
I make the cylinder or roller of such a diameter that one turn will
take the photograph or card through, and I mount the burnishing bar
in a transverse slide beneath and give to it an endwise motion across the
photograph (that is, parallel with the axis of the cylinder) in ono
direction only (and not to and fro) during the passage of the photograph
or card through the machine. By this means the lines across the photo-
graph, which were frequently caused by the presses as hitherto made,
will not be produced, as there is but one steady motion all in one 1
direction during the passage of the photograph, and no dwell or
return.
The endwise motion is given to the burnishing bar by means of an
inclined scroll or cam on the axis of the cylinder, which as the latter
revolves gradually moves the burnishing bar over the surface to be 1
polished.
By the time that the bar has reached the highest point of the cam the
photograph or card will have passed completely through the machine,
and at this moment when there is no pressure the highest point of the
cam passes and the burnishing bar is forced back by a spring into its 2
original position against the lowest part of the cam ready to commence
another operation. Thus each turn of the handle carries the photo-
graph or card through and moves the burnished once across the surface,
and it then returns ready for the next, and so on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COVERS FOR TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Wade at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1875.
I, BENJAMIN WADE, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF COVERS FOR TOBACCO PIPES," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in covers for tobacco
pipes devised with special reference to the means of obtaining a better
regulation of the draught of air to the tobacco during its consumption,
as different kinds of tobacco require varying draughts of air, in order
that the most desirable effects may be derived from smoking them; for
example, that kind of tobacco generally known as "Cavendish," being of
a strong rough nature requires a greater amount of draught while
smoking than the milder kind known as "returns;" and according to the
kind of weather and to the pace of walking or riding at which the
smoker may be going, so the draught needs regulating. The improved
covers will at the same time act as a means of preventing the tobacco ash
falling from the unemptied pipe bowl into the pocket or pipe case when
the pipe is placed therein.

page_text: The improvements have reference to that part of the cover which
closes or fits immediately over the opening or mouth of the bowl of the
pipe. This part of the cover may either be made by itself and fit into
the mouth of the bowl or on to or around, or so as to embrace the mouth
of the bowl, or it may be hinged or otherwise suitably connected or
secured to a rim which may fit into, on to, around, or so as to embrace
the mouth of the bowl. In the first and second cases, if the part in
which the improvements are effected is made to fit into, on to, or around
the mouth of the bowl, not tightly but loosely, it may be held and
secured so as to prevent its being lost upon removal by a small chain at
its other end, connected or attached to the stem of the pipe.
The improvements effected in this covering or top part of the pipe
cover consist in making the same of two parts, one of which fits into,
on to, around, or so as to embrace the mouth of the bowl or as above
mentioned is hinged or otherwise connected to the said rim, and
this part is made with a series of radiating slots, holes, or apertures
(separated by radiating arms) in its stop or covering surface, and the
other part thereof is centrally united to the middle of the first part by a
pivot passing therethrough, but is capable of a limited circular move-
ment upon such pivot as a centre, and is made with a series of radiating
arms which may be turned to cover the spaces or arms between the above
mentioned holes in the first part, so as to leave the holes fully open to
give the greatest amount of draught or to cover the said holes to any
desired degree, so as to lessen the draught and obtain that required.
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) HOOK OR APPARATUS FOR DISENGAGING AND COUPLING PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Meadows at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
December 1875.
I, WILLIAM MEADOWS, of 421, Old Kent Road, in the County of
Surry, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW (OR IMPROVED) HOOK OR APPARATUS FOR DISENGAGING AND COUPLING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
A new (or improved) book constructed with a stem or shank with
the mortice portion of a joint or hinge at one end, into which a
corresponding tennon at the end of a section of a hook fits, and is
secured by a pin or bolt, thus forming a complete joint and hook; the
opposite end of section of hook is secured when fastened by a link
hinged into the stem or shank, so as to be placed over the end of the
section of hook, to which is a stop or guard so preventing the hook
opening. Between the stem or shank and section of hook is placed a
spring acting on the end of hook, consequently pressure is required to
be applied (before the link can be removed over the stop or guard) to
open the hook and release any two bodies coupled or attached. The

page_text: end of stem or shank opposite to the joint, if for chains, will be provided
with an eye; if to be inserted into wood or other materials with a
shoulder, screw and nut, &c. It is suitable for railway carriage
couplings, omnibuss, and van pole chain hooks, and trace hooks to
vehicles, and trace ends, &c., &c., and will be made of iron, brass, or
any other suitable materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A ZINC SULPHIDE AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Griffiths and William
Phillips Thompson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd July 1875.-Partly a communi-
cation from abroad by Monsieur Guion, residing in Paris, in the
Republic of France.
We, THOMAS GRIFFITHS, 28, Panton Street, in the County of Middle-
sex, and WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF A ZINC SULPHIDE AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO USEFUL PURPOSES,"
(partly a communication) to be as follows:-
:—
This Invention consists,―
1st. In taking crude calcium sulphide and lixiviating it in water
until all soluble matter is extracted; (the strained or decanted liquor
resulting from this operation we will hereafter call the sulphur liquor.
2nd. Mixing the chloride sulphate or nitrate of zinc as free from
iron as may be practicable with the sulphur liquor of part 1; an
insoluable white powder is the result and is the compound required.

page_text: 3rd. There are several ways of making the sulphur liquor or a
liquor similar in its effects, some of which are sometimes preferable to
the above-mentioned plan; one is to take the calcium sulphide and
digest it first with steam and then with water (or with steam and water
combined) in a closed vessel till it is in great part dissolved; it is then
left to subside and the clear liquor is decanted into another chamber
containing the zinc solution; or instead of using steam and water in a
closed chamber dilute acid preferably, hydrochloric, can be used instead,
the rest of the process being the same. In this case however the
calcium chloride formed during the operation should be washed out of
the product.
4th. In order to use solutions of chloride or sulphate of zinc con-
taminated with iron, which by discolorizing the precipitate afterwards
formed would greatly diminish its value, we first precipitate the iron
with dihydric sulphide and a strong acid, and remove the sediment that
after a time collects; we then treat the remaining liquor with ammonia
to past the neutral point; it is now ready for mixing with the sulphur
liquor, as above described in part 2nd.
5th. The applications of the compound to the arts are very numerous.
We propose to use it chiefly as a substitute for lead carbonate and
barium sulphate.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ELASTIC WEB LOOMS AND OTHER WEAVING MACHINERY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bonner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1875.
I, JOHN BONNER, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Black-
smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELASTIC WEB LOOMS AND OTHER WEAVING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to improvements in elastic web looms and other
weaving machinery, in order to facilitate and regulate the gauge and
take up motion from time to time as required, any regulated number of
shoots to the inch being thereby ensured. For this purpose a ratchet
wheel of ordinary make is employed, but instead of having only 10 or 12
teeth .as now used, this ratchet wheel has 40 or more teeeth as may be
found desirable. This ratchet wheel is acted upon by my improved
arrangement of loose catch in connection with a spiral spring that is
placed loose upon the ordinary catch rod.
A collar is arranged at each end having a set screw to regulate the
length of stroke of the catch on the ratchet wheel. The catch rod is in

page_text: this improved arrangement required to be fixed, and the motion given to
the catch is by the use of two horizontal slotted bars attached to the
ordinary lever gear of the machine. A back catch is also employed.
The improvements also consist in the use of regulating studs working
in the slots of the two sliding bars, which studs can be set at any t
required distance to regulate the gauge of the work in progress.
One great advantage of this improved arrangement is that by these
regulating studs and spring catch the shoots may be regulated from
40 to 100 to the inch. This is important, as under the present system no
alteration in this part of the work can be made without an entire change
of ratchet wheels for each difference of gauge of work..
This improved arrangement of ratchet and catch enables the operator
at once, to change his gauge without disturbing the machine, thereby
saving a great deal of time and expense of extra ratchet wheels.
As little as one shoot to the inch can be added or diminished by this 1
arrangement, which it is impossible to accomplish by the means at
present employed.
NEW OR IMPROVED SLOW OR REGULATING FEED APPARATUS FOR FEEDING OR MIXING DEFINITE PROPORTIONS OF DIFFERENT GRAINS OR SEEDS OR DIFFERENT QUALITIES OF THE SAME GRAIN OR SEED
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Augustus Riches at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th May 1875.
I, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS RICHES, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
SLOW OR REGULATING FEED APPARATUS FOR FEEDING OR MIXING DEFINITE
PROPORTIONS OF DIFFERENT GRAINS OR SEEDS OR DIFFERENT QUALITIES OF THE
SAME GRAIN OR SEED," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to new or improved slow or regulating feed
apparatus for feeding or mixing definite proportions of different grains
or seeds or of different qualities of the same grain or seed. It is more
particularly applicable for feeding or mixing the same during the process
of grinding, such for example as when it is desired to mix one sort or
quality of grain or seed in a definite proportion with another sort or
quality, the two descriptions or qualities being ground together. By
my apparatus the grain or seed may be fed right into the eye of the
stone just at the rate or proportion required, so that the mixed grain or
seed is immediately passed under the stone and ground before it can
become separated, and thus leaves the mill evenly mixed throughout.

page_text: According to my Invention I employ a disc rotating on a horizontal
axis, and on the opposite sides thereof and near the circumference I
attach one, two, three, four, or more small scoops, set in the direction of
the motion of the disc, and so that they each pass as the disc revolves
successively over and under the projecting form of a hopper placed one
on each side of the said disc, so that as the scoops are brought over them
they will discharge their contents therein. The said disc and hoppers
are in a compartment divided from a chamber at the back containing
the store of grain or seed to be fed out, and which is let through a
lifting door into the first compartment near the bottom, the discharge
being so arranged that as the disc revolves the scoops are passed through
amongst the grain, thus becoming filled, and as they are carried by the
continued rotary motion of the disc over the said hoppers they discharge
their contents therein, whence the grain is conveyed by pipes or shoots
right to the eye of the millstone, to be mixed and ground as before
described.
By altering the angle at which the scoops are set they may be made
to lift and discharge more or less at each revolution of the disc, thus
regulating the gross amount of grain or seed fed, which may be still
further effected by regulating the speed of the revolution of the disc.
.
Instead of a disc the said scoops may obviously be fixed to revolving
arms. The scoops on the opposite sides of the disc may both feed from
the same grain, or the apparatus may be divided by a partition fixed in
a line with the motion of the disc, and different grain or different
qualities of grain be fed through each hopper.
The apparatus may be made of any size required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AXLE BEARINGS OF COAL TUBS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emerson Bainbridge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1875.
I, EMERSON BAINBRIDGE, of Nunnery Colliery Offices, Sheffield, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AXLE BEARINGS OF COAL TUBS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the axle bearings of
coal tubes. Upon the under side of the frame of the tub bearing blocks
to rest upon the necks of the axles are secured. The bearing blocks are
perforated for the passage of oil to the axle; the oil is supplied from a
tubular or cylindrical oil reservoir which is formed or fixed on the top of
the bearing block, and is let into the timber frame of the tub. The oil
reservoir is closed at the top by a screw cap or cover. Into the oil
passage a wire is inserted to prevent the oil passing too freely, and yet

page_text: to keep the passage open; the wire is able to move in the passage when
the tub is tipped.
Sometimes in place of using bolts to secure the bearing block, I
secure it by means of the cylindrical oil reservoir. It is made to receive
a nut at its upper end, which when screwed home beds upon the tub
frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY TOPS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Batt and Tom Batt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 12th April 1875.
We, SAMUEL BATT and TOM BATT, Trading under the Style or Firm
of Samuel Batt and Son, of 22, Sunny Bank Street, Lecds, in the
County of York, Builders, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY TOPS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE,”
to be as follows:-
The construction of our chimney top is very simple in shape, it is
round and consists of a straight tube 3 feet 9 inches long, on the top of
which we have a cowl 1 foot 11 inches in length rising 6 inches, open at
both ends to allow for the egress of the smoke, in the straight tube about
14 inches from the top we have another opening made in the tube
similar in height to the one at the top; another cowl is here fixed
similar in every respect to the one above, only running in an opposite
direction, thereby causing a current of air to come in, which drives the
smoke out at the ends of the cowl at the top of the pot, which runs in
an opposite direction. When the wind is blowing in another quarter,

page_text: passing through the ends of the top cowl the smoke descending is
forced down and rushes through the ends of the cowl below, both cowls
running in opposite directions, catches the wind from every quarter, both
active in consort one with the other, compelling the smoke to pass out
of either cowl instead of as in numberless instances to be forced straight
down into the rooms below.
We do not confine ourselves to the particular size here given 40