Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 11th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 11th Nov., 1887
We GEORGE WILLIAM NEWALL, of 14 First Avenue, Manor Park, in the County of
Essex, Engineer and JAMES FREDERICK BLYTH, of Hill House, Nayland, in the
County of Suffolk, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
-
This invention has reference primarily to engines which are actuated by explosions
of successive charges of petroleum, benzoline, naphtha or other highly volatile liquids
or gases.
The improvements mainly consist first in a special construction of valve or device,
hereinafter called the mixing valve, for effecting the admixture and introduction into
the cylinder of the petroleum or other liquid and the air for each successive charge;
secondly in the combination with the cylinder of a special construction of valve and
chest or device for admitting to the cylinder a given quantity of water in the form of
spray or fine division immediately after each successive explosion; thirdly in the
combination with a pump for supplying air and oil to the mixing valve of a self-
acting regulating ball valve for controlling the amount of oil pumped forward;
fourthly in the combination of an exhaust casing contained and cast in the body of the
cylinder and of a tubular or other water surface condenser situated in the engine bed
plate or otherwise.
The mixing valve before referred to is composed of a hollow spindle and hollow cone
constituting a small storage for the petroleum oil or gas; a number of small holes are
made in the cone at right angles to the axis of the valve or otherwise and the oil is
supplied to the valve through the hollow spindle. Around the spindle behind the
valve or cone is an annular space for air, this space being in connection by a pipe
with the air pump. A spring is fitted to the valve spindle and keeps the valve closed
except when acted upon by a lever and suitably timed cam on the countershaft of the
engine. The hollow valve spindle is supplied with oil from a reservoir through a
flexible coil or otherwise this reservoir being kept charged by means of the air pump.
The valve and chest or device before referred to for admitting to the cylinder a
given quantity of water in the form of spray or fine division is composed of a chest
027

page_text: or box supplied with water by means of an ordinary pump; this chest is placed in a
recess in the body of the cylinder and its inner end is formed with fine holes for
admitting water to the cylinder; a valve worked from a suitably timed cam on the
counter shaft and fitted with a spring uncovers and covers the holes at the proper
times. At the inner end of the chest and beyond the holes is an inclined striking
plate or shield.
The self-acting regulating ball valve before referred to for controlling the amount
of oil pumped forward is situated in a chamber below the air pump into which the
said pump draws oil from a tank or other holder apart from the machine the oil supply
pipe being fitted with small non-return valves; the pressure of the compressed air
upon the oil in the said chamber forces the oil up a pipe to the reservoir before
described that supplies the mixing valve; but should the oil in the chamber get above
a certain level the ball rises and opens a small valve to a return pipe which then
allows some of the oil to return to the oil supply pipe until the normal level in the
chamber is restored.
The cylinder has inlets for the explosive charge as already described and for the
supply of water spray and also for the outlet or exhaust of the steam and products
of combustion; these exhaust products enter the exhaust casing already mentioned
as being contained and cast in the body of the cylinder and enter the condenser in the
engine bed plate; the vacuum in the condenser is maintained by ordinary pumps
worked by excentrics or otherwise.
The action of an engine constructed with our improvements is as follows:-At a
certain point of the revolution or stroke of the piston the mixing valve is opened and
the oil contained therein passes through the holes and impinges upon the conical valve
seat and is then carried into the cylinder in the form of spray or fine division by the
compressed air in the annular space already described; at a further point of the
piston's revolution or stroke the mixing valve is closed and the mixture is then
ignited by an electric spark or by a flame communicated from the exterior; at a still
further point of the revolution or stroke the water spray valve is opened and the water
which then enters the cylinder in the form of spray is instantly converted by the
flame into steam. The spent steam and the products of combustion subsequently
escape through the exhaust to the condenser ; condensation takes place therein and
the vacuum thereby created exerts a further useful influence on the piston.
It will be seen that in addition to the simplicity in the construction of the engine it
possesses the great advantage that the oil can be supplied from a tank apart from the
engine and in many cases exterior to the building.
The speed of the engine can be regulated by an ordinary pendulum governor which
operates a sliding cam on the counter-shaft and thereby controls the mixing valve.
By the use of the water spray the excessive heat produced by the explosion of an
inflammable mixture in a cylinder is greatly reduced.
Dated this 12th day of January 1887.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas and other Hydro-carbon Engines.
We GEORGE WILLIAM NEWALL, of 14 First Avenue, Manor Park, in the County
of Essex, Engineer, and JAMES FREDERICK BLYTH, of Hill House, Nayland, in the
County of Suffolk, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention has reference to engines which are actuated by explosions of
successive charges of petroleum, benzoline, naphtha or other highly volatile liquids
or gases.
The improvements mainly consist: first in a special construction of valve or device,
hereinafter called the mixing valve, for effecting the admixture and introduction into
the cylinder of the petroleum or other liquid or gas and the air for each successive
charge secondly in the combination with the cylinder, of a special construction of
valve and chest or device for admitting to the cylinder a given quantity of water in
the form of spray or fine division immediately after each successive explosion; thirdly
in the combination with a pump, for supplying air and oil to the mixing valve, of a
self-acting regulating ball valve for controlling the amount of oil pumped forward;
fourthly in the combination of an exhaust casing, contained and cast in the body of the
cylinder, and of a tubular or other water surface condenser situated in the engine bed
plate or otherwise.
The mixing valve before referred to is omposed of a hollow spindle and hollow
cone constituting a small storage for the petroleum oil or gas; a number of small holes
are made in the cone at right angles to the axis of the valve or otherwise and the oil
is supplied to the valve through the hollow spindle. Around the spindle behind the
valve or cone is an annular space for air, this space being in connection by a pipe
with the air pump. A spring is fitted to the valve spindle and keeps the valve closed
except when acted upon by a lever and suitably timed cam on the countershaft of the
engine. The hollow valve spindle is supplied with oil from a reservoir through a
flexible coil or otherwise this reservoir being kept charged by means of the air pump.
The valve and chest or device before referred to for admitting to the cylinder a
given quantity of water in the form of spray or fine division is composed of a chost
or box supplied with water by means of an ordinary pump; this chest is
placed in a recess in the body of the cylinder and its inner end is formed with fine
holes for admitting water to the cylinder; a valve worked from a suitably timed cam

page_text: on the countershaft and fitted with a spring uncovers and covers the holes at the
proper times. At the inner end of the chest and beyond the holes is an inclined
striking plate or shield.
The self-acting regulating ball valve before referred to for controlling the amount
of oil pumped forward is situated in a chamber below the air pump into which the
said pump draws oil from a tank or other holder apart from the machine the oil supply
pipe being fitted with small non-return valves; the pressure of the compressed air
upon the oil in the said chamber forces the oil up a pipe to the reservoir before
described that supplies the mixing valve; but should the oil in the chamber get above
a certain level the ball rises and opens a small valve to a return pipe which then
allows some of the oil to return to the oil supply pipe until the normal level in the
chamber is restored.
The cylinder has inlets for the explosive charge as already described and for the
supply of water spray and also for the outlet or exhaust of the steam and products of
combustion these exhaust products enter the exhaust casing already mentioned as
being contained and cast in the body of the cylinder and enter the condenser in the
engine bed plate; the vacuum in the condenser is maintained by ordinary pumps
worked by excentrics or otherwise.
The invention is applicable both to engines with reciprocating pistons and to engines
with rotating pistons.
c is the
The annexed drawings represent an engine with reciprocating piston in which the
improvements are embodied, only so much of the engine being shown as is necessary
to enable the invention to be fully understood. Figure 1 is a transverse section of
the engine taken through the mixing valve and exhaust valve; Figure 2 is an end
elevation of the engine: Figure 3 is a section on a larger scale of the air pump and
the chamber surrounding same this section being taken at right angles to the section
shown in Figure 1; Figure 4 is a section the same as Figure 1 but on a larger scale
and showing only the upper portion of the cylinder and parts connected therewith;
Figure 5 is a transverse section of the engine taken through the water spray inlet
and Figure 6 is a view detached of the oil reservoir that supplies the mixing valve.
a is the engine cylinder; the piston that reciprocates therein is not shown. b is a
countershaft or side shaft driven from the main shaft in any usual manner.
mixing valve hereinbefore described; it is composed as shown of a hollow spindle and
a hollow cone which constitute a small storage for the petroleum oil or gas; as seen
in the figures a number of small holes are made in the cone at right angles to the
axis of the valve; the valve is supplied with oil through its hollow spindle. dis an
annular space behind the valve and in connection by a pipe with the air pump f.
is a spring on the valve spindle to keep the valve closed except when acted on by
the cam on the countershaft b through the intermediation of the lever i. k is the
oil reservoir from which the hollow valve spindle is supplied through the flexible
coil this reservoir is kept charged by the air pump as hereinafter described.
The piston rod of the air pump is operated by a connecting rod m and crank n on a
shaft o which is driven by gearing p, p from the countershaft the air pump piston
draws in air through ordinary inlet valves (not shown) and discharges it into the
surrounding chamber 7, from which it rises through the pipe e to the annular spaced;
the air pump also draws oil from a tank or other holder (not shown) apart from the
machine the oil supply pipe being fitted with non return valves at s, s; the pressure
of the compressed air in the outer chamber upon the oil thus drawn into this
chamber forces the oil up the pipe t to the reservoir & that supplies the mixing valve.
u is the self-acting regulating ball valve situated in the chamber and is a return
pipe communicating between this valve and the oil supply piper; should the oil in
the chamber q get above a certain level the ball of the valve u rises and opens the
valve so that some of the oil is allowed to return through the pipe to the pipe "
until the normal level in the chamber is restored.
g
?"
Figure is the chest or box from which water in the form of spray is supplied to
the cylinder and which is itself supplied with water through the pipe by means of

page_text: worked
an ordinary pump; this chest wc is placed in a recess in the body of the cylinder and its
inner end is formied with fine holes, as shown. y is a valve in the chest
from a cam on the countershaft b through the intermediation of a lever
spring for keeping the valvo y normally closed. is an inclined striking plate or
shield at the inner end of the chest we and beyond the holes.
is a
A (Figures 1 and 4) is the exhaust valve operated by any usual means; B is the
exhaust casing cast in the body of the cylinder with which the exhaust valve A
communicates and C is the condenser in the engine bed plate which the exhaust
products enter after passing through the casing B.
The engine may be constructed either as a single acting engine or a double acting
engine and in the latter case it will have a mixing valve, a water spray valve and an
exhaust valve for each end of the cylinder. When constructed as a single acting
engine as we prefer, it may be arranged to have an explosion for every outstroke
of the piston or when gas is the explosive used there may be an explosion only at
every alternate outstroke of the piston. In the former case the action of the engine
will be as follows:-Supposing the piston to have just completed an outstroke after
an explosion the mixing valve c and the water spray valve y will both be closed and
the exhaust valve A open; the piston in its instroke will drive the exhaust products
through the exhaust casing B to the condenser C. The exhaust valve A will then be
closed and at the same time the mixing valve c will be opened. In the first part of
the outstroke of the piston the oil contained in this valve and which is under pressure
will pass through the holes and impinge upon the conical valve scat and will then be
carried into the cylinder behind the piston in the form of spray or fine division by the
compressed air in the annular space d; when the piston has made say about one-sixth
of its outstroke the mixing valve c is closed and the mixture is ignited by an electric
spark or by a flame communicated from the exterior as will be well understood; when
the piston has made say about one-third of its outstroke the water spray valve y is
opened and the water which then enters the cylinder in the form of spray is instantly
converted by the flame into steam.
When the explosive used is gas and there is only one explosion for every alternate
outstroke of the piston the explosive mixture will enter the cylinder through the
mixing valve in the one outstroke and will be compressed in the next instroke, it will
then be exploded by an electric spark or by a flame and make the other outstroke, the
water spray valve being opened when about one-third of this outstroke has been
made.
When the engine is a rotary engine the mixing valve, the electric or other igniter
and the water spray valve will be so situated relatively to each other that the charge
will be ignited when the piston has made about one-sixth of its revolution past the
nixing valve and the water spray will be admitted when about another one-sixth of
the revolution has been made. The exhaust valve will be placed as near the mixing
valve as practicable.
It will be seen that in addition to the simplicity in the construction of the engine it
possesses the great advantage that the oil can be supplied from a tank apart from the
engine and in many cases exterior to the building.
The speed of the engine can be regulated by an ordinary pendulum governor which
operates a sliding cam on the counter-shaft and thereby controls the mixing valve.
By the use of the water spray the excessive heat produced by the explosion of an
inflammable mixture in a cylinder is greatly reduced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim, in
respect of gas and other hydro-carbon engines, is
1. The valve or device hereinbefore called the mixing valve for effecting the
admixture and introduction into the engine cylinder of the petroleum or other hydro-
carbon and the air for each successive charge, substantially as set forth.
2. The valve and chest or device, constructed substantially as hereinbefore

page_text: described, for admitting to the engine cylinder water in the form of spray or fine
division immediately after each successive explosion, as set forth.
3. The combination with a pump, for supplying air and oil or liquid to the cylinder
inlet valve, of a self-acting regulating ball valve arranged substantially as bercin-
before described for controlling the amount of oil or liquid pumped forward.
4. The combination of an exhaust casing contained and cast in the body of the
engine cylinder, and of a tubular or other water surface condenser as hereinbefore
described.
5. The combination of parts hereinbefore described forming an improved gas or
bydro-carbon engine.