matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED TREATMENT OF INGREDIENTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A PRODUCT TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gardner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1881. A. communi-
cation from abroad by Erost August Grote of Freudenberg near Siegen,
Germany.
HENRY GARDNER of No. 166 Fleet Street in the City of London Patent
Agent. "IMPROVED TREATMENT OF INGREDIENTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A
PRODUCT TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE." A communication from
abroad by Ernst August Grote of Freudenberg near Siegen Germany.
The object of this Invention is an improved treatment of ingredients for the
preparation of a product to be used as a substitute for coffee.
According to this Invention rye-bread or the dough of rye is roasted and ground
and mixed with roasted and ground rye-grains adding small quantities of roasted
and ground cocao shells, coffee beans, bicarbonate of soda and caramel, made of
molasses, turnip leaves, sugar and carbonate of ammonium.
The rye bread roasted to a dark brown, gives excellent properties to the
preparation. By the fermentation of the dough, alcohol, and carbonic acid are
formed, while part of the amyline changes into dextrin glucose (sugar) and in a
alight degree into lactic acid. The formation of dextrin being continued under
the heat of the oven changes into formation of sugar and finally by the process
of roasting into formation of caramel whereby the bread acquires also the agreeable
bitterness.
By adding roasted rye, as stated above, the strong taste of the roasted bread is
softened and the addition of the roasted cocao shells and coffee makes the
preparation quite equal to the Indian coffee. The object of adding caramel is to
obtain a strong and dark colored beverage the bicarbonate of soda dissolving easily
all soluble substances of the preparation also attributes to the strength and color.
By adding carbonate of ammonium to the molasses and sugar a darker and
stronger caramel is obtained dissolving easily which would not be the case if the
carbonate be omitted.
The improved preparation does not contain anything of a disagreeable flavor or
injurious to health, it is in taste and color very much like, though it has nothing of
the exciting character of coffee.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANTISEPTIC DRINKING FLUIDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Ascough at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1881.
JESSE ASCOUGH, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Chemist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANTISEPTIC DRINKING FLUIDS."
This Invention consists of improvements in the manufacture of non-fermented
and non-alcoholic bottled waters or beverages whether containing mineral clements
such as soda potash seltzer iron sulphur or phosphorus or those made with herbs fruits
flowers and flavourings known as lemonade, ginger ale, raspberry cordial, cowslip
nectar horchound beer, and other drinks similar to these, and whether aerated or
still, plain, sweetened or effervescent, by the addition thereto or combination there-
with in suitable proportions of chemical substances containing the pure antiseptic
element, boron, known in chemistry as non-metallic, and designated by the
symbol, B.
This element develops the active and flavouring qualities of the ingredients,
preserves the watery solutions from fermentation, prevents decomposition, and
maintains the flavour and purity of the compounds for an indefinite time without
the addition thereto of alcoholic or other hydrocarbons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIREARMS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Thomas Rogers and John Rogers, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun Makers, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIREARMS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Thomas Rogers and
John Rogers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January
1881.
JOHN THOMAS ROGERS and JOHN ROGERS, both of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Gun Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
This Invention refers to certain improvements in the cocking arrangement of
breechloading fire-arms having the "drop down action," by which the dropping
of the barrels raises the hammers; and consists in constructing the body with a
lever pivotted within each lock hole, one end resting under the hammer, and the
other under the barrel, so that the act of opening the breech for loading causes the
falling barrels to bear upon the ends of the levers beneath them, and the other end
lifts the hammers into bent. A small spring acting on the lever throws it back into
position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Wilkinson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1881.
HARRY WILKINSON, of 4, St. Aubin Villas, Stamford Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention relates to improvements in velocipedes, the main object of the
Invention being to provide improved means whereby the velocipede may be more
easily propelled up inclines, along heavy roads, and against head winds. A suitable
method of carrying out my Invention as applied to a tricycle is as follows:-
The driving wheel of the machine is provided with the usual driving gear, except
that I arrange this gear loose on the shaft instead of it being fixed as usual,
a suitable clutch operated, as hereinafter described, being provided for the purpose
of engaging or disengaging the gear; the opposite end of the shaft is provided
with a similar driving gear and clutch, but the gear is proportioned so as to
increase the power and reduce the speed; on any suitable position on the shaft, by
preference at one of the bearings, I provide a screw thread through which the
shaft passes, such screw working in a fixed nut; to the said screw is attached a
lever provided with suitable means for operating the same so as to turn the screw.
By this arrangement it will be understood that if the machine is being propelled
by the ordinary gear, and it is desired to change to the increased power gear, it
will be merely necessary to move the herein before described lever so as to cause the
aforesaid screw to revolve within its nut, and thereby move the shaft laterally a
sufficient distance to disengage the clutch of the ordinary gear and engage that of
the increased power gear.
The lever operating the screw is arranged so that when in its intermediate
position both gears are disengaged, thus allowing the shaft to form a convenient
foot rest.
Any suitable means are provided for retaining the lever in either of its three
positions.
My improvements are annlicable to valorinedam aloned.
MENTS IN TRICYCLES, BICYCLES, AND OTHER WHEELED CONVEYANCES.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lowry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1881.
" IMPROVE
دو
GEORGE LOWRY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
MENTS IN TRICYCLES, BICYCLES, AND OTHER WHEELED CONVEYANCES.'
Firstly. My Invention consists in placing the front or driving wheels on separate
cannon brackets, one on each side of the machine, a shaft or spindle passing
through each cannon bracket and attached to the nave or boss of the wheels. To
the other end of the shaft or spindle I attach a disc, plate, or ratchet wheel, the
dog or catch being worked by levers giving the various lengths of stroke required,
as in boat rowing, to propel the machine.
Secondly. My Invention also consists in forming the spokes of one or more
strands of wire, two or more being twisted together or in pairs round the wheel,
one part being threaded through holes in the nave or boss, and the other in similar
holes through the rim, instead of separate screwed spokes as at present in use.
Thirdly. My said Invention consists in placing a rectangular counter between
the spokes of the wheel, and at each revolution, by means of a tumbler weight,
the unit, tens, hundreds, and thousands are recorded to indicate the distance
travelled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING SCYTHES AND OTHER CURVED BLADES, BARS, OR PLATES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1881. A communication
from abroad by Ludwig Werndl, of Steyr, in the Austrian Empire.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING SCYTHES AND OTHER
CURVED BLADES, BARS, OR PLATES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
[A com-
munication from abroad by Ludwig Werndl, of Steyr, in the Austrian Empire.]
According to the present Invention lathes, such as those for scythes, reaping
hooks, and the like, as also curved bars or plates, are rolled directly into the
required curved form, firstly, by making the blank for the blade, plate, or bar
in its cross section with such an excess of thickness on the side, which is to be of
convex curvature, as is required to afford the greater length of such convex side as
compared with the concave side; and secondly, in rolling such blanks between rolls,
so arranged as to apply pressure only upon that side of the blank that requires to
be of convex curvature, so that when finished the concave side of the bar shall
have retained its original length, or nearly so, while the convex side has become
increased in length in proportion to its decrease in thickness.
In applying this method of operating to blades, bars, or plates having a rib or
flange running along the one side, such as is the case with scythes, the one roll is
formed with a corresponding groove which must necessary be of a curved form,
varying with the degree of curvature to be imparted to the blade, the blank for
which is formed with the required rib in the first instance. The curvature of the
groove in the roll should be such that in rolling the blade the tangent of the
convex curvature at the point under operation shall always be at right angles to
the axis of the roll. To insure the blades receiving the exact curvature required,
a guide plate is provided having a groove of a curvature determined by that to be
imparted to the blade; and the latter is held by a tongs having a stud that enters
the said groove of the guide, so that as the blade passes through the rolls it is caused
by the tongs to move in the exact path required for imparting to it the correct
curvature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING OR LESSENING THE EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIONS IN COAL MINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Shimwell McDougall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1881.
ISAAC SHIMWELL MCDOUGALL of the Firm of McDougall Brothers of Manchester.
and London Manufacturing Chemists. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING OR
LESSENING THE EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIONS IN COAL MINES."
The object of my Invention is to prevent or to lessen the effects of explosions in
coal mines. Owing to the presence of small particles of coal or dust in the air
and upon exposed surfaces such as floors roofs walls and partitions in coal mines
explosions sometimes arise from such dust becoming ignited and explosions arising
from other causes are intensified from the presence of such dust. In order to prevent
or lessen the effects of such explosions I propose according to this Invention to use
chloride of calcium or chloride of magnesia or a mixture of the two or other suitable
and economical deliquescent salts these chlorides or deliquescent salts possess the
property of absorbing moisture from the atmosphere and of extinguishing flame or
other combustion.
In carrying out this Invention I employ one or more of these chlorides or a
mixture of them or other suitable deliquescent salts in a dry or partially dry state
by scattering them over the dust or upon the exposed surfaces of coal mines or by
preference after such chlorides or deliquescent salts have been brought into solution
by the addition of water this solution being distributed through the air or over the
exposed surfaces in coal mines by any suitable apparatus or means. This distri-
bution of the chlorides or deliquescent salts will have the effect of making the dust
and exposed surfaces damp and retaining them in that condition a length of time so
greatly lessening the quantity of dust and the consequent risk of explosion or danger
from the presence of such dust.
DRAINING WATER LYING ON THE SURFACE OF A ROAD TO THE SIDE THEREOF OR GUTTER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Champney Bothams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1881.
JOHN CHAMPNEY BOTHAMS, Civil Engineer, of Conway Cottage, Church
Field Road, in the Parish of Fisherton Anger in the County of Wilts. "DRAINING
WATER LYING ON THE SURFACE OF A ROAD TO THE SIDE THEREOF OR
GUTTER,"
An implement or apparatus to form in the mud on the surface of the road, cross
ruts or channels across the direction of the road towards the gutter, to allow the
water (which lies in the ruts or channels formed in the mud by the wheels of
passing vehicles) to flow to the road side or gutter.
The implement or apparatus to be formed of one or more wheels fitted on an axle
and having one or more strips of wood or metal fixed to the circumference of the
wheel or wheels and at or nearly at right angles to the plane of each wheel; and
having fitted to the axle, ordinary shafts or handle, so that the implement or
apparatus can be drawn or be propelled along the road after the manner of a roller,
Or, the implement or apparatus may be formed of two or more circular discs or
wheels free to revolve on an axle, or they may be fixed on and revolve with the
axle; the axle or axles to be fitted to a frame and handle and be used after the
manner of a rake.
Or, the implement or apparatus may be formed and used as a rake, having in
place of the teeth, two or more discs placed so that their planes shall be at right
angles to the surface of the road and be in the direction in which the rake is
drawn,
THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-GRATE CARDBOARD ORNAMENTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Holt Sharp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1881.
SAMUEL HOLT SHARP, of Leeds, in the County of York.
THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-GRATE CARDBOARD ORNAMENTS."
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention relates to fire grate ornaments. These fire grate ornaments
have usually been made from one or more solid sheets of cardboard with colored
ornamental pictures or designs printed or placed thereon, but these were found to
be inconvenient and objectionable, as they materially stopped up the fire grate and
excluded the passage of air, and consequently prevented ventilation of the room.
My improvements consist in making such articles by preference from one piece of
material, and in stamping out of the material by means of a die, an ornamental
design or fretwork, by which means a free passage of air is admitted through the
fretwork, thereby rendering such articles useful as well as ornamental. These fire
grate ornaments may be composed of cardboard, wood, velvet, satenette, or other
suitable material; and any suitable design may be stamped out of the material
used for the purpose. In combination with the fretwork cardboard fire grate
ornament I employ a method of making them convex, so that they will stand
upright, and this consists in cutting the card board ornament down the middle for
a certain distance and in cutting a V piece out, or in overlapping the edges, by
which means the ornament is made to stand in an upright position.
In addition hooks or other appliances are placed at the back of the ornaments
for hanging on the top bar of a fire grate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING TURKISH BATHS AND DRYING ROOMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Sloane and James
Sloane at the Office of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 19th April
1881.
WILLIAM GEORGE SLOANE and JAMES SLOANE, both of Dublin, in the County
of Dublin, Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING
TURKISH BATHS AND DRYING ROOMS."
The said Invention bas. reference to the heating of Turkish baths and drying
rooms in a convenient and simple manner, and consists in forming a shell or
chamber of suitable dimensions and of suitable materials, rectangular in plan,
and arch shaped in the top or roof. At one end of the interior of this shell or
chamber is constructed a furnace, an aperture being provided in said end for the
door of same. Upon fire being kindled in this furnace the heat circulates, and is
retained within the shell or chamber, having no means of escape except through a
flue pipe fixed to an aperture in the back or extreme end of the shell or chamber,
from which horizontal convolutions of wrought iron pipe are taken, carrying off the
gas and smoke.
The shell or chamber thus constructed is arranged within an outer chamber
composed of fire brick, a vacant space of about six (6) inches being provided
between the surfaces of the two chambers all round. Fresh air is then introduced
into this vacant space by suitable means, and by contact with the surface of the
inner shell or chamber becomes considerably heated, and is thence conveyed
through suitable apertures or pipes to an upper or independent chamber or
apartment, answering the purpose of a Turkisk bath or drying room.
Suitable valves may be employed for regulating the heated air as required.
A NEW OR IMPROVED POCKET COMBINATION KNIFE, FORK, AND SPOON
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1881. A
communication from abroad by Ferdinand Praunegger, of Graz, in the
Austrian Empire.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V., Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the
Scandinavian Patent Offico, under the Firm of L. A. Groth & Co., 97, Finsbury
Pavement, London, E.C. "A NEW OR IMPROVED POCKET COMBINATION KNIFE,
FORK, AND SPOON." A communication from abroad by Ferdinand Praunegger, of
Graz, in the Austrian Empire.
The Invention consists substantially of a knife and fork with or without a
spoon, so combined that the said eating instruments are contained in the handle
of the knife, forming together a whole in which the bowl of the spoon only comes
on the outside of the said handle; each of these eating instruments, namely, the
knife, fork, or spoon, can however be used alone (separate from the others) or at the
same time with the others.
In order to effect this the knife blade is mounted in a handle and adapted to
close therein in a way similar to that usually employed for clasp knives in general.
The fork is also mounted in or on a handle and hinged thereto so as to close up or
open in a manner similar to the knife, but is adapted so as to slide with its handle
into the handle of the knife which is adapted to receive them and is held in place
therein by a pin which enters a holo or groove provided for that purpose or by the
flanging over of a part of the metallic case. The spoon is arranged with a folding
handle hinged thereto; this handle is bent or cranked twice so as to adapt it to
be passed into slots or notches made through the side of the knife and fork handles,
whereby the said folding handle may be placed in the interior of the knife
handle while the bowl of the spoon lays outside along the side of the said knife
handle when the spoon and its handle are in their folded position. The spoon and
its handle may be held securely in the knife handle by means of a suitable spring
adapted for that purpose.
The folding handle may be jointed to the spoon by a screw passing through the
said handle and, tapped into the stem of the latter, or by a headed pin passing
through (both and secured by a screw or otherwise. The folding handle may be

page_text: held in line with the spoon when in the opened position by means of a
projection on the folding handle taking into a recess or hole in the stem of the
spoon, or vice versa.
Instead of the knife handle being made the containing case or sheath for the
fork and its handle and the handle of the spoon, the fork handle may be mado
the containing case to receive the knife and its handle and the handle of the spoon.
The arrangements are such that either the knife blade or the fork blade may be
opened without removing either from the containing case.
The knife and fork and their handles may be adapted to fit into one another
without the addition of the spoon if preferred, and in that case the slots or notches
through the knife and fork handles for the reception of the spoon handle are
not required.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PUrposes
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Cundall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1881.
ROBERT CUNDALL, of Thornton, near Bradford, in the County of York, Corn
Miller. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING FEED WATER FOR STEAM
BOILERS AND OTHER PUrposes."
These improvements relate to apparatus made of iron or any other material for
heating water (before being used fór either feeding steam boilers or any other
purpose) by steam.
The steam used may be specially generated for the purpose, or be exhaust steam
from engines.
For this purpose I employ a case, pipe, or chest, either perpendicular or in any
other position, into which steam is conducted. Inside this case, pipe, or chest, is
fixed a pipe or series of pipes through which cold water is passed to be heated, the
steam passing around the outside of such pipes. The said pipes through which the
cold water is passed is fixed inside the case, pipe, or chest in such a way as to conduct
the water to be heated the whole or part length of case, pipe, or chest, as many
times as may be required, or may be put into the case, pipe, or chest in the form of
a twist, screw, or coil. The inlet and outlet for the water may be in any place
required. There is also an outlet for condensed steam at the lowest part of case,
pipe, or chest.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Braddock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1881.
JAMES BRADDOCK, of Ashton, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES."
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus to be employed for extinguishing
fires, and is intended to be used principally in the rooms of mills, workshops, or
other structures.
The improvements consist in the employment and use of a revolving spray
diffuser, which may be fixed or suspended in any convenient part of the room or
building, say, for instance, from the ceiling.
The apparatus may be described as follows:-
From a circular box or hollow chamber I fix two or more curved hollow arms or
pipes, which project radially therefrom.
These arms are perforated on one side in opposite directions to each other, and
are provided with nozzles at their ends. Onto this circular box I fix, by screwing
or otherwise, a cap or cover which is provided with a bush projecting from the
centro and at right angles to the said radial arms; into this bush I insert a short
tube, which is secured therein by a flange on the end; this flange bears upon the
underside of the cap and acts as a valve for the inlet of the water to the radial
arms, and also as a pivot upon which the box or apparatus turns.
The hose or water pipe is connected to the other end of this short tube, which is
provided with a tap at any convenient part, so that in case of fire the tap is
turned on which admits the water through the said box to the radial arms.
The pressure of water causes the whole apparatus to revolve, and thus throws a
constant spray or shower upon the burning articlo below.
It will be evident that the above apparatus may be modified in detail, and
therefore I do not limit myself to the exact form above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND PERFORATING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leon Auguste Romain Cler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1881.
LEON AUGUSTE ROMAIN CLER, one of the Firm of Carmagnolle & Cler, at Paris,
in the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND PERFORATING MACHINES,"
The object of the said Invention is improvements in perforating machines, which
serve for copying and multiplying all kinds of drawings.
These improvements consist in constructing and arranging the machine so that
it is moved by clock work instead of by a pedal, and so that it may be constructed
as a hand machine or as a machine tool, that is to say, when in use it is neither
carried by a table nor a frame, but is held direct in the hand of the workman, and
is conducted as required.
The arrangements consist of a spring barrel carried by side or frame plates;
this spring barrel communicates its motion by means of tooth wheel work to a
small crank axle, the crank pin of which moves in a small groove in a connecting
rod which it sets in rapid up and down motion.
The connecting rod moves in guides, and carries at its lower end a needleholder,
so that the needle can be changed at will.
On the crank axis is fixed a small fly wheel, which also serves as a break pulley.
Close to the said fly wheel is fixed a small friction spring, which presses
constantly on the fly wheel and serves to hold the clockwork or to retard its
speed. The pressure of this spring on the fly wheel is regulated by pressing
more or less with the finger on a small button, the pin of which goes through
one of the side plates. If pressure is removed altogether from the button, the
spring presses so strongly against the fly wheel that it stops the clockwork, and
the needle comes to rest.
Whilst working, the apparatus is held in position and guided by hand, being
supported by a foot resting on the working surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1881.
FRANK WRIGHT, of No. 24, Warwick Street, Regent Street, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS."
My Invention relates to a construction of incandescent electric lamps, whereby I
greatly simplify their manufacture and increase their durability. I enclose a
suitably prepared carbon fibre within a glass globe, which I make with an elon-
gated bottle neck that is reduced to a smaller diameter near its end, and is finally
at its end flattened in one direction so as to present sufficient breadth for
the passage through it of the wires connecting to the ends of the filament. These
wires where they pass through the glass end of the neck are short pieces of
platinum sealed into the glass. From these wires of copper or other metal
brazed to the platinum wires extend nearly to the points of attachment of the
fibre, and to these again are brazed short pieces of platinum wire which are
connected to the two ends of the fibre. In the shoulder of the bottle neck where
it is reduced in diameter I provide a small obliquely projecting glass tube for the
purpose of exhausting the lamp, this tube being scaled after exhaustion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAMMERLESS BREECH LOADING FIRE ARMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alfred Alexander Thorn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1881.
HENRY ALFRED ALEXANDER THORN, trading as Charles Lancaster, of 151, New
Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gun Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HAMMERLESS BREECH LOADING FIRE ARMS."
This Invention consists in affixing an extension piece to the "steel lump" on
the barrel of a gun, which extension piece in the act of opening or closing the gun
acts on an "elevator" passing through the face of the breech action.
The elevator in its turn presses against the tumbler of the lock, raising it from
"barer" to "full cock."
The back portion of the clevator in its movement from "barer" to "full cock"
gives motion to a slide, which in turn acts upon the safety bolt for scears and
triggers, and so effectually locks the latter, thus preventing any accidental discharge
of the gun.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR ATTACHING TOGETHER THE PARTS OF BEDSTEADS, WARDROBES, AND OTHER FURNITURE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1881. A communication
from abroad by Joseph Duléry, of Paris, in tho Republic of Franco.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR ATTACHING TOGETHER THE PARTS
OF BEDSTEADS, WARDROBES, AND OTHER FURNITURE." [A Communication from
abroad by Joseph Duléry, of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
My Invention consists of a novel method of and device for attaching together
the parts of bedsteads, wardrobes, and other furniture, by which great solidity and
rigidity are obtained, whilst the parts can be readily and very quickly put together
or taken to pieces, and are casily cleaned.
The screws which are ordinarily used for the purpose of fixing together the
parts of bedsteads have many objections, both because their method of arrangement
serves to harbour insects, and also from the difficulty and waste of time caused in
taking them apart, which are especially objectionablo in cases of fire or haste.
The accompanying Drawing is in illustration of my Invention.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the frame of a bedstead; Figure 2 is
a horizontal section through A, B, in Figure 1; Flgure 3 is a longitudinal section
through a bedstead having frames of reduced section; Figure 4 is a horizontal
section through C, D; Figure 5 is a separate view of the dovetail shaped fastening
by which the parts of the bedstead are held together.
In Figures 1 and 2, E is a tie-piece by which the parts F and G of the frame of
the bedstead are held together. This tie piece E has a dovetailed shaped end
which fits into a corresponding recess in the bed post G.
The tie-piece E fits into a recess in the covering plate H which is screwed or
otherwise fixed to the side frame F, and the picco E is provided with a slot or
opening at its outer end into which fits a wedge or key I, which when driven in
abuts against the recessed plate H and draws the two parts of the bedstead F
and G as tightly together as may be desired.
It will be seen that to fix the parts of the bedstead together it is only necessary
to fit the tie pieco E into the recess in the covering plate H and to drive in tho
key I, the reverse process being used to take the bedstead to pieces.

page_text: In Figures 3 and 4 the shape of the tie piece E is somewhat modified, so that
its dovetailed end projects laterally into the recess formed for it in the bed post G,
the body of the tie piece E being elevated above the latter instead of being flush
with it, as in the arrangement shown in Figures 1 and 2.
The tie piece E, the key I, and the covering plate H may be made of metal,
wood, or other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Lewis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1881.
CHARLES HENRY LEWIS, of Church Road, Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES."
The objects of my Invention are to make tobacco pipes in such manner that
the nicotine will not pass into the stem, that the pipe can be recharged while still
lighted, and that the bowl may be readily cleaned.
The bowl of my improved pipe is open both at top and bottom, and is provided
with plugs or covers to close the top or the bottom or both as required, and the
bottom plug is perforated to allow of the ingress of air for supporting combustion.
The stem is connected with the bowl near the top thereof.
In order to charge the pipe the lower plug or cover is removed, and after the
tobacco has been inserted a light is applied at the bottom and the lower plug is
then replaced. To recharge the pipe while still lighted, the upper plug is removed
and a fresh supply inserted. As the stem is connected to the upper part of the
bowl any nicotine which may be distilled from the tobacco is not drawn into the
stem, but descends into the tobacco below and is consumed. To clean the bowl
both plugs are removed, when there is a clear opening through it from top to
bottom.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR SYRUPING GINGER BEER AND OTHER BEVERAGES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Murrell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1881.
JAMES MURRELL, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk. AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR SYRUPING GINGER BEER AND OTHER BEVERAGES."
My Invention relates to an improved apparatus for use in "syruping" ginger
beer, lemonade, and other beverages, and has for its object to enable measured
quantities of syrup to be readily and quickly put into the bottles which are to
contain the beverage.
The apparatus consists essentially of a measuring cylinder or barrel of a given
capacity, preferably made of glass, so that its contents can be seen, and in which a
cup leather or other suitable piston is fitted to work having a tubular stein for the
passage of the syrup. The cylinder is provided with an inlet valve and pipe
coupling for connection with a reservoir above containing the syrup, and the tubular
piston rod is provided with an outlet valve and terminates in a nozzle to be
introduced in the neck of the bottle. Both inlet and outlet valves are fitted in
suitable seats, in which they are guided and are held closed by springs.
The apparatus is mounted on a stand at a convenient height for applying the
neck of the bottle to the nozzle, and the piston is operated in one direction by a
treadle acting on a sliding rod having a fork which embraces the piston stem, and
confined between collars thereon, the return movement of the piston being produced
by a spring on said sliding rod. The vessel containing the syrup may either be
mounted upon the stand immediately above the syruping apparatus, or it may be in
any other convenient position from which the syrup will flow by gravity into the
cylinder. The syrup is displaced from the cylinder by the upward stroke of the
piston and expelled through the discharge nozzle into the bottle. The cylinder
might be graduated, or mechanical means may be employed for regulating the
stroke of the piston in order to discharge any quantity less than the total capacity
of the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, SHIRT STUDS OR BUTTONS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Atherton Bernard Furlong at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1881.
ATHERTON BERNARD FURLONG, of Store Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, SHIRT STUDS OR BUTTONS."
I provide a front or outer patten or disc made of the usual materials, and I fix
to this patten or disc, and depending from it, a stem which is forked at the lower
end. Between the prongs or legs of the forked end aforesaid I fix a bar or pin of
any suitable material, so as that it shall pass through the inner or lower patten of
disc and permit of said last mentioned patten or disc revolving entirely or partially
upon it. On the innerside of each of the herein before mentioned prongs or legs I
form a notch or groove for the purpose of holding securely the inner patten or disc
in its normal position. When the solitaire, shirt stud, or button is intended to bo
worn or removed, the hereinbefore mentioned inner patten or disc is swung into a
vertical position between the herein before mentioned prongs or legs (which yield or
open slightly under the pressure employed) by a simple movement of the forefinger
or thumb of the user. The stem and inner patten or disc aforesaid are then
inserted in the cuff, shirt front, glove, or article, and said inner patten or disc is
restored to the horizontal position necessary for its adjustment by a similar move-
ment of the forefinger or thumb. I may if I desire fix in the aforesaid inner patten
or disc a looking-glass, and I may form the aforesaid forked end so that it shall
permit the shape of the inner patten or disc aforesaid being square, circular, or
oval.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CHAIR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harrison and Charles
Wheatly Garthwaite at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
9th May 1881.
THOMAS HARRISON and CHARLES WHEATLY GARTHWAITE, of Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Cabinet Makers. "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CHAIR."
This Invention relates to that class of chair having a loose bottom or seat, and
commonly called "opera house chair," such as are used in public buildings. Our
Invention consists in forming in the sides of the chair an opening or sneck, so that
when the chair seat has been lifted upon its hinges into a vertical position, the back
part of the chair seat lowers into the opening or sneck referred to, and the seat is
locked or firmly held in that position without having to be held there by the hand
or other means.
In combination with the above arrangement we place a hat rail under the chair
seat, consisting of a bar or board extending from one chair leg to the other.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND SIMILAR CARRIAGES FOR FACILI- TATING DRIVING AND INCREASING SPEED OF SAME.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Southgate, William Smith,
and Robert Liddell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
21st March 1881.
JAMES SOUTHGATE, 81, Shoe Lane, Fleet St., London, WILLIAM SMITH, 203,
Woodbridge Road, Ipswich, Suffolk, and ROBERT LIDDELL, 6, Cardinal St., Com-
mercial Road, Ipswich, Suffolk. "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS
TO BE APPLIED TO BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND SIMILAR CARRIAGES FOR FACILI-
TATING DRIVING AND INCREASING SPEED OF SAME.
"
On the front fork we use two cog wheels, one of which is attached to the axle of
front wheel, the other, which is of larger diameter than, and which acts upon the
former, is annexed to the said fork in such a manner as to be worked by a pedal,
lever, and crank. By this means we obtain an increase of revolutions. We also
attach to the front fork a verticle guide bar carrying a slider, which is connected to
the said crank by a connecting rod.
One end of the said lever is slotted, and being connected with the said slider
actuates it reciprocally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1881. A communication
from abroad by Messieurs Revel, Père et Fils, of Lyons, France.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES,
AND PARASOLS." A communication from abroad by Messieurs Revel, Père et Fils,
of Lyons, France.
This Invention relates to improvements applied to the framework or fittings of
an umbrella, parasol, or similar article, and consists in the application of a catch
or clip hook fixed to each rib, and of a runner with hollow cap intended to receive
the said hooks or catches and secure the perfect closing of the ribs; this capped
runner slides upon a second runner which hold the stretchers, and upon which it
is actuated by a spring.
With these very simple improvements this umbrella may be opened and closed
very easily and perfectly.
-
Upon the accompanying Sheet of Drawing,-
Figure 1 shows these improvements with outer spring.
Figure 2 is a view of another arrangement with spring inside the capped
runner.
Figure 3 shows the hook or catch formed by the bending of the rib.
Figure 4 shows the hook or catch at the end of the rib, and
Figure 5 shows an arrangement in which the capped runner has a straight or
rounded cone holding the ribs by simple pressure. When pressing upon the ends
of the ribs to close the umbrella the pressure of the hooks or catches in the cone
causes it to lower, and the catches or clips enter within the cone.
With this latter arrangement the umbrella may be closed, using only one hand.
In these several types of framework or fittings the springs may be placed either
interiorly or exteriorly.
In the accompanying Drawing,
A indicates the ribs of the umbrella with clip hooks or catches.
B, umbrella handle, stick, or cane.
C, inner slide or runner carrying the stretcher disc.
D, outer capped runner, cap of which receives the hooks or catches of the ribs.
r, spring to bring back the capped runner against the stop of the inner runner.
Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in each of the Figures
respectively.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ELECTRIC BATTERIES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alexander Lund at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1881.
JOHN ALEXANDER LUND, of 41, Cornhill, in the City of London. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC BATTERIES."
Heretofore in the construction of electric batteries compressed plates consisting
of a mixture of oxide of manganese and carbon with some adhesive substance have
been used for one element of the battery and a zinc rod or plate for the other
element, and these have been immersed in a solution of an exciting salt, such as
salammoniac.
Electric batteries have also been constructed with for one element scrap zinc
amalgamated with mercury, lying at the bottom of a cell or vessel containing an
acid solution, and with a platinized silver or other negative metallic plate suspended
in the acid solution for the other element.
According to my Invention I form an electric battery of a cell or vessel
containing an acid solution (preferably sulphuric acid) and with zinc lying in
mercury at the bottom of the vessel for the one element, whilst for the other I use
plates formed of a mixture of oxide of manganese and carbon.
An electric battery so formed is far more powerful than either of the electric
batteries above mentioned and possesses other advantages.
The mixed oxide of manganese and carbon element that I employ is made up of a
central carbon plate with one or more plates of mixed oxide of manganese and
carbon held to it one on one or more sides, the plates being formed so as only to
touch one another at top and bottom. Electrodes formed in this way are now
commonly made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR USING ELECTRIC LAMPS ON LOCOMOTIVES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Wauters de Busscher, of Bruxelles, Belgium.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR USING ELECTRIC LAMPS ON LOCOMOTIVES AND OTHER VEHICLES.”
A communication from abroad by Wauters de Busscher, of Bruxelles, Belgium.
This Invention relates to the use of electric lamps on locomotives and other
vehicles. It consists in attaching an electric lamp with movable reflector to the
funnel or other convenient part of a locomotive or other vehicle, and supplying the
necessary electric current in the following manner:-The reflector is hinged or
otherwise made adjustable and controlled by the driver, so as to throw the light
in the desired direction. The motive power for driving the dynamo-electric
machine carried by the vehicle is taken from one of the locomotive axles by means
of a belt which moves a horizontal shaft, on which is mounted a friction wheel
provided with an indiarubber tyre, and driving a smaller friction wheel mounted
on the driving shaft of the dynamo machine, and capable of being set in or out
of gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELVETS, AND IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING THE SAME.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Newton and John Edward
Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May
1881.
JAMES NEWTON, of the Firm of H. and J. W. Lees, of Waterhead Mill, Oldham,
in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, and JOHN EDWARD HARRISON, of the
same Place, Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELVETS, AND IN THE METHOD OF
WEAVING THE SAME.'
"
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of pile velvets, and has for its object
to obtain a close and erect pile, and also to secure the pile more fully, so as to
produce a fabric having a fast pile. We use only one binding pick instead of the
two ordinary binding picks, but the arrangement of the pile causes it to be well
tied in. The cloth is or may be woven with six picks to the round and with six
shafts. Of these picks one is a binding pick and the others are pile picks. Taking
the binding pick, first this pick is woven with each alternate end lifted. For the
next pick the second and fourth ends in each group of ten ends are lifted, these
ends having been lowered for the binding pick. For the third pick the eighth
and tenth ends are lifted. For the fourth pick the fourth and sixth ends are lifted.
For the fifth pick the second and tenth ends are lifted, and for the sixth pick the
sixth and eighth ends are lifted. Variations may be made in the order of the last
five picks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE AMALGAMATION OF GOLD
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Campbell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1881.
FREDERICK CAMPBELL, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE AMALGAMATION OF GOLD."
The Invention relates to apparatus intended for the winning of gold from
auriferous sand or ores containing gold reduced to a powdered state, and consists
in the construction and use of a washing tank or tanks supplied with water,
revolvable copper or other stirrers and quicksilver trough, combined with one or
more riffle boxes fitted with a series of copper troughs arranged step fashion for
holding quicksilver, and precipitating corrugated amalgamated copper trays fitted
with one or more copper troughs for quicksilver and baize covered tables.
apparatus is constructed partly of copper and partly of wood and iron or other
appropriate materials, and is used as follows:-
The
The sand or powdered ore is introduced in any convenient manner to the washer
tank where the copper bladed stirrers are kept revolving. This tank is nearly
filled with water, and is supplied with a bed or bottom of quicksilver. Here the
sand is thorughly beaten up and washed; the wet sand after the washer is well
charged is then by the action of the stirrers beaten over the end of the washer to
the riffle box, which is connected therewith by a spout or spouts; in the riffle box
the sand passes by gravity over the quicksilver trough arranged step fashion.
From the riffle box by means of one or more spouts the sand passes on to a series
of precipitating trays or tables, cach fitted with one or more quicksilver troughs;
after passing these trays the residue of the sand passes on to one or a series of tables
covered with baize. The quicksilver amalgam is removed from time to time and
treated for the recovery of the gold, and the troughs replenished with quicksilver
as often as necessary.
IN MEANS FOR SECURING RAILWAY RAILS IN THEIR CHAIRS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Linacre at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1881.
JOHN LINACRE, of Brecknock, in the County of Brecknock.
IN MEANS FOR SECURING RAILWAY RAILS IN THEIR CHAIRS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention has for its object to prevent the keys by which railway rails
are secured in their chairs from becoming loose and falling out, and the Invention
consists in the following means of tightening and locking the key in the chair.
The jaw of the chair, within which the key is placed, has its inner face nearly
vertical, and between this face and the key a wedge or joggle is inserted and
driven down after the key is placed in position against the web of the rail. This
wedge is, but very slightly, tapered so as to hold tightly when driven down, and it
has vertical V shaped ribs formed one upon each face, which are received in
corresponding V grooves in the key and the face of the jaw, whereby all
longitudinal movement of the key is prevented, and it is securely locked in the
chair.
The kev and wedge may be of iron or other metal, or of wood as preferred.