IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FROM COAL OIL, OR OLEAGINOUS SUBSTANCES, AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ingham Taylor, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FROM COAL
OIL, OR OLEAGINOUS SUBSTANCES, AND OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ingham Taylor af
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1861.
I, JOHN INGHAM TAYLOR, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FROM COAL, OIL
OR OLEAGINOUS SUBSTANCES, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in improvements upon my apparatus for manu-
facturing oil gas. I insert one or more diaphragms within the retorts con-
taining the oil or other material to extend the heating surface, and also the
travel of the gas through the retorts in order to dry or dessicate the gas.
I apply, in combination with the furnace for generating the gas, a water tank
or a series of pipes, which receives the heat of the furnace, which would
otherwise go to waste, and supplies heated water for domestic or other uses.
I also apply in combination with the furnace one or more ovens or drying
chambers, by which the waste heat is further utilized. The oil gas apparatus
[Price 8d 1

page_text: may be constructed or used by itself or in combination with one or both of the
supplementary applications..
.)
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Ingham Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, ], JOHN
INGHAM TAYLOR, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Civil and
Mechanical Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Ingham Taylor, Her special licence that I,the said John Ingham Taylor,
myexecutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Ingham Taylor, my executors, administrators; and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfullymight make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FROM COAL, OIL, OR OLEAGINOUS SUBSTANCES AND OTHER
PURPOSES." upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Ingham
Taylor, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
⚫ NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Ingham. Taylor, do herby.declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists mainly in improvements upon the apparatus for
manufacturing gas for which I obtained Letters Patent, numbered 730, and
dated 21st March 1860.
My present improvements apply to apparatus when used for extracting gas
from coal as well as from oil or oleaginous substances. According to these

page_text: improvements, I insert one or more diaphragms within the retort that contains
the oil or other material, in order to extend the heating surface, and also the
travel of the gas through the retort for the purpose of drying or dessicating
the gas. I apply, in combination with the furnace for generating the gas, a
water tank, or a series of.pipes, which tank or set of pipes receives the heat of
the furnace.that would otherwise go to waste, and supplies heated water for
domestic or other uses. This. I call the first "supplementary application."
I also apply in combination with the furnace one or more ovens or drying
chambers, by which the waste heat is further utilized (this I call the second
supplementary application). The gas apparatus may be constructed or used
by itself or in combination with one or both of my supplementary applications.
I now proceed with reference to the accompanying Drawings more particularly
to describe in what manner the Invention may carried into effect.
Figure 1 is a front, and Figure 2 a side elevation of my improved oil or
coal gas apparatus, shewing its general arrangement. a, a, is the furnace
holding the retort:b.
The retort is shown in detail, Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8. c is a cooler, con-
taining water or oil, or a mixture of lime and water; d is the furnace door;
fis.a sliding door formed with vertical or. horizontal slots, as shown, or with
other shaped holes or openings; it is intended for regulating the admission of
air to the furnace to which there is a fire lump lining g, with slots or holes
corresponding to those in the door, f, so that by sliding. the door in either
direction the slots or holes in it may be brought opposite or more or less over
those in the lining, whereby the supply of air will be regulated; g¹ is the
retort lid; his a T screw, working through the bridge. e, and pressing upon
the centre of the lid, g¹ to seal the retort; jis: the syphon through which the
oil flows from the reservoir or can into the retort b; kis the chimney;
,,, the outlet pipe, through which the gas passes from the retort to the
cooler c;.m.is a small syphon for the condensed matter to escape through;
n, the outlet, through which the gas passes. to the gas holder.
Figure. 3 is a longitudinal section of a combined gas manufacturing and
hot water apparatus, illustrating my first "supplementary application." a is
the furnace; b, the retort; c is the outlet pipe: leading to the cooler, not
shown in this Figure; d, syphon pipe, through which the oil or fatty matters
flow; e, furnace door; f, slotted sliding door.or ventilator plate; g, fire lump
slotted lining, as before.; h is a hot water tank or boiler, for which tubes or
coils may be substituted; .i, i, ascension and return pipes for conveying hot
water to and from rooms, conservatories, ships' cabins, or other places, as
required;, feed pipe, connected to a cistern over head to supply the waste

page_text: resulting from condensation; k, k, k, is the flue used when it is desired both
to produce gas and to heat water, but if it is only desired to produce gas,
then the valve m must be closed against the boiler, and the heat will pass
out of the flue 1, 1, beneath the furnace plate n, n; openings may be formed
in the top plate o, o, over or into which pans or other vessels may be placed
for culinary or other heating operations, thereby utilizing the waste heat
passing through the flue k, k, k. Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of an
apparatus which is a modification of that shewn in Figure 3, and also exem.
plifying my second supplementary application. a, furnace; b, retort; c, pipe
by which the gas escapes from the cover box, charged with coke, clay, or lime
and charcoal, used as purifying materials; e, furnace door; f, the air regu-
lator; k, sliding door or cover working through a slot at 7, and held in position
at m by the joint pin. The slots in this door are horizontal, by this contri-
vance full access can be had to the inside of the furnace. his a reservoir,
for which tubes or coils may be substituted; i, i, ascension and return pipes
as in Figure 3; j, feed pipe, to keep the boiler constantly charged; n is an
oven or drying chamber of cast or wrought iron, lined with clay tiles; o, flue
round the oven; the heat from the furnace a may be easily directed into either
of the flues o or q, and out at R into the chimney by merely opening or closing
one of the valves p', p; that is to say, if valve p' be opened and valve p shut,
the heat will pass into the flue o, whereas ifp be opened and p¹ shut, the heat
will be directed under the bottom of the oven. This apparatus may be modi-
fied by removing the flue q and reservoir, with its ascension, return, and feed
pipes, so that the apparatus may serve for producing gas, and for heating or
drying the contents of an oven or a drying chamber. Figure 5 is a horizontal
section of the retort; Figure 6, an end view taken at the mouth or looking front;
Figure 7 is a section of the box lid, and Figure 8 shows the end perforated to
allow the gas when generated to pass through the purifying material, and out
of the outlet pipe i, i, in Figures 1 and 2. This box lid allows easy access to
the retort to clean it, and 'to shake and stir the purifying materials. Figures 9
and 10 are end sections of my retort, showing the diaphragms w, w, inserted
therein. These diaphragms I prefer to fit in loose (that is not as fixtures),
as by that mode the retort and diaphragms can be more easily cleaned and
renewed when worn; Figure 11 is an elevation, and Figure 12 a plan of an
arrangement for fixing a gasholder on board ship, so that it may be kept in
equilibrium during the pitching or rolling of the vessel. a is the gasholder;
b, water tank, into which I build an inner chamber, having its sides parallel
to those of the tank, the object being to reduce the quantity of water, and
thus diminish the dead weight thrown on the journals e, e, by which the

page_text: apparatus is suspended; c, c, is the deck upon which the apparatus swings,
an opening being provided to receive the tank plummer blocks d, on which
rest the journals or studs e, e, which work in a ring f, f, and support the
tank; the journal g working in the plummer block d, allows the apparatus to
retain its perpendicular position notwithstanding the rolling of the ship, and
consequent variation of the position of the deck, as shown by the dotted
lines; h, h, and i, i, are guide rods and pullies of usual construction; the con-
nection between the gas-generating apparatus and the gasholder is effected by
a flexible tube, and the bottom of the tank must of course be weighted. The
principle here adopted is similar to the usual compass or cabin lamp balance.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First, the application of a diaphragm or diaphragmswithin a retort,as repre-
sented in Figures 9 and 10, for the purpose set forth.
Second, the general arrangement and combination of apparatus represented
in Figure 3, and herein-before described.
Third, the general arrangement and combination of apparatus represented
in Figure 4, and herein-before described.
Fourth, the general arrangement and combination of the apparatus repre-
sented in Figure 4, when modified by the removal of parts marked q, h, i, i.
Fifth, the general arrangement and combination of retort shewn in Fig. 5,
6, 7, & 8, and herein-before described.
Sixth,the arrangement and combination of parts forming the mode of fixing
the gasholder on board ships or other vessels to keep it in equilibrium during
irregular motion of the vessel.
Seventh, the application or use of the box lid with perforated end, such box
being intended to be charged with purifying materials through which the gas
passes on its way to the cooler.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Ingham Taylor, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
JACOB EDWARD LAZARUS.
SAMUEL R. BRUTON.
JOHN INGHAM TAYLOR. (LS.)