IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hudson, Machine Maker, and Christopher
Catlow, Overlooker, both of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 19th November 1869, and dated the 21st May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hudson and
Christopher Catlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st May 1869.
We, JAMES HUDSON, Machine Maker, and CHRISTOPHER CATLOW,
Overlooker, both of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to certain improvements in apparatus
for taking up the cloth, for which Letters Patent were granted to the
said Christopher Catlow, A.D. 1866, No. 2308. Instead of passing the
cloth over and under the tension roller to the cloth beam, as described
in the Specification of Patent referred to, we place on the shaft of the

page_text: emery roller a boss having two arms extending therefrom. Supported
by the arm nearest the slay is a tension bar or roller; to the other arm
is attached a link extending to the shaft of the cloth roller, and resting
on the ordinary weight lever. The cloth passes over the breast beam,
over the emery roller, over the tension bar or roller to the cloth beam.
The cloth passing over or from the emery roller to and over the tension
bar or roller (placed nearest the slay as described) has a tendency to bind
the emery and cloth rollers together, stretching the cloth and winding
the cloth "hard" or tight on the beam; or the tension bar or roller may
be connected with the weight lever by a link hinged between the stud
on which the said lever works and the weight thercou. In "taking up,"
when one beam is used only in connection with a ratchet wheel and
catch, we employ instead thereof a disc having a toothed rim on each
side (this disc wheel works on a stud), worked by pinions one on cach
side of the disc; and attached to the said stud is a lever (which by a
spring attached to such lever) holds the pinion in gear with the toothed
rim of the disc; this is for taking up the cloth as woven. On the other
side of the disc is a pinion and lever for locking or holding the beam
when the cloth is so taken up.
Our Invention relates, secondly, to the construction of apparatus for
letting off the yarn. We employ an arm having a semicircular or clip
end resting on the collar of the warp beam (one at each side of the
beam), the other end of such arms support a bar or roller over which the
yarn passes to the vibrator or bearer. To one of the forks or semicircular
ends of the arms we attach a link and weight, to the other fork a chain,
and such chain is also attached to a lever, or passed over or around a
stud fixed to the side frame of the loom, or to a spiral spring. The
vibrator is in this arrangement under or swings from the shedding roller
instead of being over or above such rod. The warp is passed from the beam
over the tension rod above referred to, from thence under the vibrator
and over the shedding rod. The shedding lever is provided with a pulley
resting on the shedding tappet. The warp passing over the tension rod
or bar (supported by the arms resting on the collars of the beam) is
maintained at an uniform teusion therchy, because as the diameter of
the beam decreases or varies the said arms move on the collars of the
beam. The tension rod is thus self-adjusting to the proper angle for
delivery of the warp. Or on a cross shaft we place a loom vibrator, and
near one or both ends of such shaft are loose bosses having two arms

page_text: thereon; to the outer arm we attach a chain, from thence passed round
the neck of the warp beam, and the other end of the chain is attached to
a rod, the end of which is chased or screwed, and a ring nut thercon
serves for adjusting the tension of the chain so as to allow the vibrator
to work a certain distance before tapping the outer arm of the loose boss
and slacken the chain and let off the warp from the beam; or the loose
boss or bosses may be placed on a stud or studs under the vibrator, and
so reduce friction. The vibrator placed under the shedding roller is by
the tappet when at its highest lift a direct drag on the warp, and draws
the necessary quantity for each pick, thus releasing the healds from the
strain heretofore put upon them at each pick. In connection with the
apparatus for "letting off," instead of employing the lever and eccentric
(when more convenient), we employ a spring for working the vibrator.
At the end of the vibrator is an arm and rod and a spiral spring. The
warp is passed over the tension rod, under the bottom shedding roller,
and over the vibrator. The vibrator (when the shed is open) strikes
against the side frame of the loom, so that a dead beat is obtained.
The apparatus above described for letting off the yarn is equally
applicable to looms where a rigid bearer is required and vibration
unnecessary.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Hudson and Christopher Catlow in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 19th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
HUDSON, Machine Maker, and CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, Overlooker, both
of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Hudson and Christopher Catlow,
Her special licence that we, the said James Hudson and Christopher
Catlow, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said James Hudson and Christopher Catlow, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, frien

page_text: time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James
Hudson and Christopher Catlow, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE. that we, the said James Hudson and Christopher
Catlow, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to certain improvements in apparatus
for taking up the cloth, for which Letters Patent were granted to the
said Christopher Catlow, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-six, Number 2308. Instead of passing the
cloth over and under the tension roller to the cloth beam as described in
the Specification of Patent referred to, we place on the shaft of the
emery roller or boss having two arms extending therefrom. Supported
by the arm nearest the slay is a tension bar or roller; to the other arm is
attached a link or spring extending to the shaft of the cloth roller, and
resting on the ordinary weight lever. The cloth passes over the breast
beam, over the emery roller, over the extension bar or roller to tho cloth
beam. The cloth passing over or from the emery roller to and over the
tensión bar or roller (placed nearost the slay as described) has a tendency
to bind the emery and cloth rollers together, stretching the cloth and
winding the cloth "hard" or tight on the beam; or the tension bar or
roller may be connected with the weight lever by a link hinged between
the stud on which the said lever works and the weight thereon.
In "taking up "when one beam is used only in connection with a
ratchet wheel and catch, we employ instead thereof a disc having a
toothed rim on each side; this disc wheel works on a stud worked by
pinions, one on each side of the disc; and attached to the said stud is a
lever (which by a spring attached to such lever) holds the pinion in gear

page_text: with the toothed rim of the disc; this is for taking up the cloth as
woven; on the other side of the disc is a pinion and lever for locking
or holding the beam when the cloth is so taken up.
Our Invention relates, secondly, to the construction of apparatus for
letting off the yarn. We employ an arm having a semicircular or clip
end resting on the collar of the warp beam (one at each side of the
beam), the other end of such arms support a bar or roller, over which
the yarn passes to the vibrator or bearer. To one of the forks or semi-
circular ends of the arms we attack a link and weight, to the other fork
a chain, and such chain is also attached to the other end of the fork.
The warp is passed from the beam over the tension rod above referred to,
from thence under the vibrator, and over the shedding rod. The shedding
lever is provided with a pully resting on the shedding tappet. The warp
passing over the tension rod or bar (supported by the arms resting on
the collars of the beam) is maintained at a uniform tension thereby,
because as the diameter of the beam decreases or varics, the said arms
move on the collars of the beam. The tension rod is thus self-adjusting
to the proper angle for delivery of the warp. In connection with the
apparatus for "letting off" instead of employing the lever and eccentric
(when more convenient) we employ a spring for working the vibrator. At
the end of the vibrator is an arm and rod, and a spiral spring. The warp
is passed over the tension rod, under the bottom shedding roller, and
over the vibrator, the vibrator (when the shed is open) strikes against
the side frame of the loom, so that a dead beat is obtained.
Such being the nature and object of this our said Invention, we will
now proceed to describe the same fully, and in order that the same may
be distinctly understood we have hereunto annexed a Slicet of Drawings,
and have marked the same with figures and letters of reference, the same
letter referring to the same part in the various views or Figures, in
which Figure 1 shews the emery and cloth rollers and apparatus con-
nected therewith for "taking up" the cloth as woven, this arrangement
being specially adapted to and intended to be employed in the con-
struction of new looms. At Figure 2 is shewn appliance for effecting
the same object constructed so as to be readily applied to existing looms.
At Figure 3 is shewn apparatus for taking up the cloth when one beam
is used only, that is to say, where an emery roller is not employed in
connection with the cloth roller. Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the
leading parts of Figure 3, shewing disc or internal gear wheel and

page_text: pinions, and Figure 5 is view of opposite face of disc, and shews pinion
for locking or holding the disc wheel as the cloth is taken up. Figure 6,
part of loom side with apparatus applied for "letting off" the warp;
Figure 7 is another view of Figure 6, and at Figure 7 is shewn similar
apparatus for letting off the yarn, in which a spring and rod is employed
instead of the eccentric and lever as shown at Figure 6. Instead of
passing the cloth over and under the tension roller to the cloth beam, as
described in the Specification of latent referred to, we place on the shaft
of the emery roller.A a boss B, having two arms C, C', extending
therefrom; supported by the arm nearest the slay is a tension bar or
roller D, to the other arm is attached a link or spring D' to the boss of
the cloth roller B, and resting on the ordinary weight lever E. The
cloth passes over the breast beam E, over the emery roller A, over the
tension bar or roller to the cloth beam, as shown in dotted line, the cloth
passing over or from the emery roller, to and over the tension bar or
roller (placed nearest the slay as described) has a tendency to bind the
emery and cloth rollers together, stretching the cloth and winding the
cloth "hard" or tight on the beam; or the tension bar or roller D, as
shewn at Figure 2, may be connected with the weight lever E by a
link D hinged between the stud on which the said lever works and the
weight thereon. In "taking up "when one beam is used only in
connection with a ratchet wheel and catch, we employ instead thereof a
dise F, having a tooled rim on each side, this disc wheel works on a
stud G worked by pinions J, J', one on each side of the disc, and attached
to the said stud is a lever H (which by a spring attached to such
lever) holds the pinion in gear with the tooled rim of the disc, this is for
taking up the cloth as woven; on the other side of the disc is a pinion J'
and lever for locking or holding the beam when the cloth is so taken up
as shown at Figure 4. For letting off the yarn we employ an arm
having a semicircular or clip end K resting on the collar K' of the warp
beam (one at each side of the beam), the other end of such arms support
a bar or roller L, over which the yarn passes to the vibrator or bearer.
To one of the forks or semicircular ends of the arins we attach a link and
weight M to the other fok or chain M, and such chain is also attached to
the other end of the fork K; the warp is passed from the beam over the
tension rod Labove referred to, from thence under the vibrator and over
the shedding rod; the shedding lever M' is provided with a pully M
resting on the shedding tappet. M. The warp passing over the tension
rod or bar (supported by the arms resting on the collars of the beam) is

page_text: maintained at a uniform tension thereby, because as the diameter of the
beam decreases or varies the said arms move on the collars of the beam,
the tension rod is thus sclf-adjusting to the proper angle for delivery of
the warp. In connection with the apparatus for "letting off instead
of employing the lever and eccentric (when more convenient) we employ
a spring N for working the vibrator, see Figure 8. At the end of the
vibrator is an arm and rod, and a spiral spring. The warp is passed
over the tension rod, under the bottom shedding roller, and over the
vibrator, the vibrator (when the shed is open) strikes against the side
frame of the loom, so that a dead beat is obtained.
In the Provisional Specification which we caused to be filed hereof wo
described "The vibrator placed under the shedding roller is by the tappet
"when at its highest lift a direct drag on the warp, and draws the
necessary quantity for each pick, thus releasing the healds from the
"strain heretofore put upon them at cach pick."
"
"The apparatus above described for letting off the yarn is equally.
"applicable to looms where a rigid bearer is required and vibrator
"unnecessary.
"
"Or on a cross shaft we place a loose vibrator, and near one or
both ends of such shaft are loose looses, having two arms thereon;
"to the outer arm we attach a chain, from thence passed round the
"neck of the warp beam, and the other end of the chain is attached
"to a rod, the end of which is chased or screwed, and a wing nut
"thercon serves for adjusting the tension of the chain, so as to allow
"the vibrator to work a certain distance before tapping the outer arm of
"the loose boss, and slacken the chain and let off the warp from the
"beam; or the loose boss or bosses may be placed on a stud under
"the vibrator, and so reduce friction."
Since filing which we find such not to be so new and useful as at the
time of filing the said Provisional Specification we verily believed them
to be, we are therefore desirous of disclaiming, and do hereby disclaim
such part or parts of the Provisional Specification aforesaid.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of this our said
Invention for "Improvements in Looms for Weaving," together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried
into practical effect, we would have it distinctly understood that we
claim as our Invention,―

page_text: Firstly. The general construction arrangement of the apparatus applied
to and connected with the emery and cloth rollers, in the manner and
for the purpose herein described and shewn in the Drawings at Figures 1
and 2.
Secondly. The application and employment of the apparatus for taking
up the cloth when one beam only is used, as shewn at Figures 3, 4, and
5, and herein fully described.
Lastly. The self-adjusting arms K supporting the tension rod, together
with the general arrangement of apparatus connected therewith for
the purpose herein described and shewn in the Drawings at Figures 6, 7,
and S.
In witness whereof, I, the said Christopher Catlow, for and on
behalf of myself and the said James Hudson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
JOHN HOLT,
Insurance Agent,
Burnley.
CHRISTOPHER CATLOW. (L.S.)