IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."-A
communication from abroad by Samuel Anson Hill and Charles
Frederick Thumm, both of Oil City, in the County of Venango and
Dalania United States of Amosion
Sealed the 28th November 1871, and dated the 31st May 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st May 1871.
"
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN, a communication to me from abroad by Samuel Anson Hill
and Charles Frederick Thumm, both of Oil City, in the County of
Venango and State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements on the Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date the Nineteenth of

page_text: October One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 3048, and
consists partly in combining with the apparatus described in the
Specification of the said Letters Patent an apron or deflector fitted to the
mouth of the combustion chamber in order to render the said apparatus
more applicable to steam boiler furnaces, the effect of the said apron
or deflector being to deflect the flames downwards or towards the grate
or fire bars of the furnace. It is also proposed to introduce into the
mixing and combustion chambers of the said apparatus heated hydro-
carbon or other inflammable liquid, heated air, and superheated steam.
The liquid employed is heated by passing through a tube situate in the
steam space of the boiler, or in any other suitable heating space, before
it is permitted to enter the mixing chamber of the said apparatus. The
steam employed is superheated by passing it through a steam pipe
having a zig-zag or circuitous course through the chamber of the
furnace before it is permitted to enter the mixing chamber. The
steam pipe inside the mixing chamber is provided with an internal
adjustable rod regulated by a screw thread for varying the amount of
opening of the nozzle through which the steam enters the mixing
chamber. It is further proposed to adapt this apparatus to the burning
of pulverised fuel by providing a special opening in the mixing chamber
for its introduction, which may be effected by any suitable or well-known
mechanical feeding device. The pulverized fuel is mixed and combined
in the mixing chamber with air, gas, or a liquid separately or in combi-
nation, and the air employed may be first heated in any well-known
manner and then introduced into the mixing chamber by means of a
blast pipe and forcing or blowing apparatus, so as to force into the
said chamber an active current of air, which in this case acts as a
substitute for the steam for mixing and combining the several elements
to be burned.
The improved apparatus herein-before referred to may also be
combined with a gas generating furnace of any convenient construction,
the inlet for the gas into the mixing chamber being, however, situate
in the rear of the outlet of the steam pipe. This combination with a
gas stove or generator is specially applicable to the heating of puddling
and other like furnaces.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the 34th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license
that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Samuel Anson Hill and Charles Frederick
Thumm, both of Oil City, in the County of Venango and State of
Pennsylvania, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say :-
The said Invention relates to improvements on the Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date the Nineteenth

page_text: day of October One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, Number 3084,
and consists partly in combining with the apparatus described in the
Specification of the said Letters Patent an apron or deflecter fitted to the
mouth of the combustion chamber in order to render the said apparatus
more applicable to steam boiler furnaces, the effect of the said apron
or deflector being to deflect the flames downwards or towards the grate
or fire bars of the furnace. It is also proposed to introduce. into the
mixing and combustion chambers of the said apparatus heated hydro-
carbon or other inflammable liquid, heated air, and superheated steam.
The liquid employed is heated by passing through a tube situate in the
steam space of the boiler, or in any other suitable heating space, before
it is permitted to enter the mixing chamber of the said apparatus. The
steam employed is superheated by passing it through a steam pipe
having a zig-zag or circuitous course through the chamber of the furnace
before it is permitted to enter the mixing chamber. The steam pipe
inside the mixing chamber is provided with an internal adjustable rod,
regulated by a screw thread for varying the amount of opening of the
nozzle through which the steam enters the mixing chamber. It is
further proposed to adapt this apparatus to the burning of pulverized
fuel by providing a special opening in the mixing chamber for its
introduction, which may be effected by any suitable or well-known
mechanical feeding device. The pulverized fuel is mixed and combined
in the mixing chamber with air, gas, or a liquid separately or in com-
bination, and the air employed may be first heated in any well-known
manner and then introduced into the mixing chamber by means of a
blast pipe and forcing or blowing apparatus, so as to force into the
said chamber an active current of air, which in this casc acts as a
substitute for the steam for mixing and combining the several elements
to be burned.
The improved apparatus herein-before referred to may also be combined
with a gas generating furnace of any convenient construction, the inlet
for the gas into the mixing chamber being, however, situate in the rear
of the outlet of the steam pipe. This combination with a gas stove or
generator is specially applicable to the heating of puddling and other
like furnaces.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,

page_text: Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a side elevation of an ordinary steam
boiler and and its furnace to which is attached the improved apparatus
for heating; Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same;
Figure 3 represents (on an enlarged scale) a longitudinal section of the
steam nozzle for the mixing chamber of the improved apparatus for
heating, and also represents the arrangement in the said nozzle of an
adjustable rod which is used for the purpose of regulating the flow of
steam from the pipe into the mixing chamber; Figure 4 is a vertical
longitudinal section on an enlarged scale detached of the improved
apparatus for heating; Figure 5 represents a vertical longitudinal section
of the said improved mode of heating applied to a puddling furnace in
combination with a gas furnace.
a (Figures 1 and 2) represents an ordinary steam boiler, 6 its furnace,
and c the fire chamber of the furnace, to the front of which is attached
the improved heating apparatus d, provided with a combustion chamber
e, mixing chamber f, steam pipe or nozzle g, and feed pipe h for
supplying the mixing chamber f with inflammable liquids, and also
provided with openings i for the ingress of air. In front of the.combus-
tion chamber e there is suspended a metal apron or deflector k for the
purpose
of causing the flame which issues from the chamber e to recoil
and then pass down towards the grate of the fire chamber c, and then
ascend and pass along on the underside of the boiler a; in the front end
m of the boiler, and above its water line n, there is secured a closed tube
o into which projects the pipe p, which is connected to any convenient
reservoir containing the liquid which is to be vaporized and mixed in
the chamber f with the air, steam, or other matter for combustion in
the chamber e. To the under side of the tube o there is attached the
feed pipe h, with communicates with the mixing chamber f of the
apparatus d. The pipe is provided with a stop cock q for regulating
the flow of liquid into the mixing chamber f. The steam pipe g of the
apparatus shewn in Figures 1 and 2 is provided with a screwed adjust-
able rod or spindler (shewn more clearly in Figures 3 and 4), which is
used for regulating the flow of steam from the pipe or nozzle g into the
mixing chamber f. To the boiler a there is attached a pipes which
passes from outside the top of the boiler down into the heating chamber
of the furnace b, and after traversing the heating chamber passes out

page_text: at the back end of the grate through the side wall of the furnace b, and
is connected with the steam nozzle g. This pipes is provided with a
stop cock t for regulating the flow of steam into and cutting it off from
the nozzle g. The combustion chamber e of the apparatus d may be
constructed either of brick, as shewn at Figure 4, or of sheet metal. The
steam nozzle g of the apparatus d need not be provided with the
adjustable rod r, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4), as the flow of steam
into the mixing chamber f of the said apparatus may be regulated
solely by the stop cock t, Figures 1 and 2. The gas furnace shewn in
Figure 5 may be of any "desired construction" suitable for generating
gas, and may be connected by a gas supply pipe v to the mixing chamber
fat any point desired, providing it is in the rear of the outlet of the
steam pipe or nozzle g.
As the construction of the apparatus d and its arrangement with
relation to a furnace for a steam generator or to a puddling or other
furnace will be readily understood from the foregoing description, and
by reference to the accompanying Drawings, I will therefore proceed
to describe its operations, which is as follows:-A fire is made on the
grate (see Figure 2) and steam thereby generated in the boiler a.
Hydrocarbon oil or other inflammable liquid is allowed to flow from
its reservoir through the pipe p into the heating tube, and thence into
the mixing chamber ƒ through the pipe h. Steam from the boiler a
passes through the superheating pipes and becomes superheated, and
by opening the stop cocks q and t the heated hydrocarbon and super-
heated steam will flow into the mixing chamber f, a partial vacuum
being formed in the mixing chamber f, by the flow of steam from the
pipe or nozzle g, will cause an active current of air to flow through
the openings at i into the mixing chamber and combustion chamber e,
where the three elements, air, superheated steam, and the heated hydro-
carbon, will be thoroughly mixed and united together so as to form a
chemical combination of vapourous or gaseous matter, which is forced into
the chamber e and burns at the mouth or outlet thereof with great force
and intense heat, which may be used for any useful purpose. When the
apparatus d is employed for burning pulverized coal or other inflam-
mable matter in a pulverized condition, the pulverized matter is forced
regularly and in the proper quantity into the mixing chamber through
the opening wo, Figures 1 and 2, by means of any suitable mechanism,
the arrangement of which may be left to the judgment and skill of the

page_text: mechanic. The pulverized matter is mixed and combined in the mixing
chamber with either air, gas, or a liquid matter in a state of vapour,
separately or combined in any desired manner. When the apparatus is
used for burning pulverized fuel with other matter as stated, the pipe
5 or nozzle should be used in combination with a blast or blowing device,
so as to force into the chamber fan active current of air, which will in
this case act as a substitute for the steam for mixing and combining the
several clements to be burned. The application of the apparatus d with
relation to a gas generating furnace, and the burning of the gas in com-
Obination with air or steam, or air and steam combined, is clearly indicated
in Figure 5, and will be readily understood without further description.
The air when desirable may be heated prior to entering the mixing
chamber fof the apparatus d.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The combination of the apron j with the herein-before described
apparatus consisting of the chambers fand e, pipe or nozzle g, supply
pipe h, and air inlets i, constructed, arranged, and operating substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
Secondly. The application and use of the herein-before described
apparatus for mixing and commingling in chambers fand e the vapour
of heated hydrocarbon or other inflammable liquid with heated air or
with superheated steam, or with both heated air and superheated steam,
combined so as to form a vapourous or gaseous composition or chemical
combination for burning as a substitute for fuel, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
Thirdly. The application and use of the herein-before described
apparatus for burning inflammable matter in a pulverized condition in
combination with air, gas, or a liquid in a state of vapour, whether
singly or combined, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourthly. The application and use of the closed pipe o situate within
the steam space of the boiler in combination with the peculiar heating
apparatus, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described.

page_text: Fifthly. The application, and use of the adjustable screwed rod r for
regulating the supply of steam or air to the mixing chamber of the said
heating apparatus as herein-before described.
In witness whereof,' I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of 5
November One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)