IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE BLEACHING AND DYEING OF HANKS OR SKEINS OF YARNS AND THREADS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Longin Gantert, of the Grand Duchy of Baden, but
now residing at Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE
EMPLOYED IN THE BLEACHING AND DYEING OF HANKS OR SKEINS OF YARNS AND
THREADS."
Sealed the 29th August 1865, and dated the 14th March 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Longin Gantert at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1865.
I, LONGIN GANTERT, of the Grand Duchy of Baden, but now residing at
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE BLEACHING AND DYEING OF HANKS OR SKEINS OF YARNS
AND THREADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrangements
of machinery or apparatus to be employed in the carrying out of the various
operations required in the processes of bleaching and dyeing hanks or skeins
of yarns and threads, whereby manual labor is to a considerable extent
dispensed with.

page_text: In carrying out this Invention two machines, herein-after described and
referred to as machines Number 1 and No. 2, are employed. The machine
No. 1 is more particularly applicable to the washing of hanks or skeins dyed
with madder or ground dyewoods of all kinds, to the impregnating of such
hanks or skeins with gall or alum liquors, and to the dyeing of such hanks or
skeins. The machine No. 2 is intended for impregnating hanks or skeins of
yarn and thread with the oil and alkali liquors employed in Turkey red dyeing
and for washing yarns and threads, from which solutions only are to be
removed, such, for example, as boiled hanks or skeins, or skeins containing
chlorine or other solutions, and for wringing hanks or skeins after the above-
named operations. In most cases both these machines will be employed in
the processes of bleaching and dyeing, but either one or the other may be used
in the washing and impregnating operations. The machine No. 1 consists of
an annular shaped trough in combination with a series of radial horizontal
revolving arms working above the trough. The arms are carried by the upper
one of two discs placed on a vertical shaft, one above the other. The upper disc
works loosely round the shaft, and the lower one is fast thereon, and moves
with it. A roller is carried on the outer end of each arm, which serves as the
axis thereof, and the several rollers revolve immediately over the annular
trough and travel in contact with the surface of the lower disc. To this
lower disc is imparted by means of a connecting rod and crank a partial
circular reciprocating motion, and to the upper disc is imparted a double
motion, consisting of a circular reciprocating motion and a slow circular
advancing motion round the centre shaft. According to one mode of obtaining
this compound motion, the upper disc is caused to advance by its frictional
contact with the lower disc, but as it receives a considerable impulse from the
lower disc it overruns or advances a little beyond the traverse of the lower
disc, and is then caused to move back again in company with the lower disc,
the backward motion being obtained by coupling the upper disc with the lower
one during its backward motion by means of a ratchet wheel and detent, or
by any other mechanical equivalent for the same. The overrunning or
advancing motion of the upper disc at each forward impulse of the lower
disc causes it in time to make a complete circuit round the central shaft, and
thereby carrying the rollers round the annular trough. The hanks or skeins
to be operated upon are hung upon the rollers, and their lower ends dip into
the water or liquor in the trough; and as the upper disc revolves a pulley
in connection with each roller, and resting upon the lower disc, receives by its
frictional contact with that disc a rotatory motion in one direction on its arm or
axis, which motion is also imparted to the several rollers, and consequently

page_text: A
the banks or skeins will vary their position so as to admit of their entire surface
being subjected to the action of the water or liquor in the trough.
partition is fitted into the trough; on one side of this partition is situate the
inlet for the water or liquor, and on the other side the outlet for the same.
The banks or skeins should be caused to travel round the trough in the
contrary direction to the flow of the water or liquor therein. According to
the liquor in the trough the yarns will be either washed after bleaching or
dyeing, or be impregnated or dyed by the action of the machine above
described. In cases where a less careful washing is required, as, for example,
in bleaching linen, yarn, or thread, the rollers are caused to revolve more
rapidly on their axes, and to travel slowly and continuously round the centre
shaft. When hanks or skeins are to be dyed Turkey red, they are washed
either in the machine No. 1, or, which I prefer, in No. 2 machine herein-
after described, which is also capable of wringing them. They are then
to be impregnated with the oil and alkali liquors in No. 2 machine, and
afterwards transferred to No. 1 machine for the purpose of washing the
same, and for impregnating them with the gall and alum liquors, and, if
desired, for dyeing the same and for washing the same after dyeing, the
machine No. 2 not being adapted for removing the woody matters from the
yarn. No. 2 machine consists of two parallel horizontal rollers capable of
revolving in a trough containing water for washing or liquor for impreg-
nating the yarn or thread. The hanks or skeins are placed upon these rollers,
and are caused to travel through the trough by imparting a rotatory motion
to one of the two rollers by means of a strap and pulley or otherwise. When
the yarn is sufficiently washed or impregnated the trough is lowered by means
of a self-acting lever worked by an eccentric, or otherwise, so as to remove
the yarn out of the water or liquor before wringing the same. This wringing
is accomplished by stopping the rotatory motion of the first roller and impart-
ing a rotatory motion to the second roller, such rotatory motion, however,
being not on its longitudinal axis but on an axis at right angles thereto, the
spindle which carries such roller being cranked or bent at a right angle for
that purpose, the part at right angles to the axis of the roller turning in
bearings, and being rotated by a strap and pulley, or otherwise, so as to twist
or wring the yarn. The operations of washing or impregnating and wringing
are all accomplished by the same pair of rollers by the machine itself without
manual labour, and these operations may be repeated as often as required
without the necessity of touching the yarn until it is ready for removal for
spreading.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Longin Gantert in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LONGIN
GANTERT, of the Grand Duchy of Baden, but now residing at Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Longin Gantert, Her special license that I, the said Longin
Gantert, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Longin Gantert, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE BLEACHING AND
DYEING OF HANKS OR SKEINS OF YARNS AND THREADS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that the said Longin Gantert, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Longin Gantert, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrange-
ments of machinery or apparatus to be employed in the carrying out of the
various operations required in the processes of bleaching and dyeing hanks or
skeins of yarns and threads, whereby manual labour is to a considerable extent
dispensed with.
In carrying out this Invention two machines, herein-after described and
referred to as machines No. 1 and No. 2, are employed. The machine No. 1,
of which Figure 1 is a plan and Figure 2 a transverse section, is more particu-

page_text: In most
larly applicable to the washing of hanks or skeins dyed with madder or ground
dyewoods of all kinds, and for the impregnation of such hanks or skeins with
gall and alum liquors, and the dyeing of such hanks or skeins. The machine
No. 2, of which Figure 3 is a plan, Figure 4 a front view, and Figure 5 a side
view, is intended for impregnating hanks or skeins of yarn and thread with
the oil and alkali liquors employed in Turkey red dyeing, and for washing yarns
and threads from which solutions only are to be removed, such, for example,.
as boiled banks or skeins, or skeins containing chlorine or other solutions,-
and for wringing banks or skeins after the above-named operations.
cases both these machines will be employed in the processes of bleaching and
dyeing, but either one or the other may be used in the washing and impreg-
nating operations. The machine shown at Figures 1 and 2 consists of an
annular shaped trough (8) in combination with a series of radial horizontal
revolving arms (4) working above the trough. The arms are carried by the
upper one of two discs placed on a vertical shaft. The upper disc (5) works
loosely round the shaft, and the lower one (6) is fast thereon and moves with
it. A roller (7) is carried on the outer end of each arm, which serves as the
axis thereof, and the several rollers revolve immediately over the annular
trough, and travel in contact with the surface of the lower disc. To this
lower disc is imparted, by means of a connecting rod and crank (8), a partial
circular reciprocating motion, and to the upper disc is imparted a double
motion, consisting of a circular reciprocating motion and a slow circular
advancing motion round the centre shaft. According to one mode of obtaining
this compound motion, the upper disc is caused to advance by its frictional
contact with the lower disc, but as it receives a considerable impulse from
the lower disc it overruns or advances a little beyond the traverse of the lower
disc, and is then caused to move back again in company with the lower disc,
the backward motion being obtained by coupling the upper disc with the lower
one during its backward motion by means of a ratched wheel and detent.
9 and 10, or by any other mechanical equivalent therefor. To regulate the-
advancing motion of the upper disc, I put another detent 32 on a fast point.
(usually on the chair of the machine), which is worked by a segment fastened.
on the lower disc, so that by each stroke to one side it gears into the ratched
wheel, and keeps the same for a moment on the place during the time the
lower disc commences the return motion; afterwards the segment 33 drives it
out of gear until the wheel comes again in the same position. The over-
running or advancing motion of the upper disc at each forward impulse of the
lower disc causes it in time to make a complete circuit round the central shaft,

page_text: and thereby carrying the rollers round the annular trough. The hanks or
skeins to be operated upon are hung upon the rollers, and their lower ends
dip into the water or liquor in the trough; and as the upper disc revolves
a pulley (11), in connection with each roller, and resting upon the lower disc,
receives by its frictional contact with that disc a rotatory motion in one
direction on its arms or axis, which motion is also imparted to the several
rollers, and consequently the hanks or skeins will vary their position, so as to
admit of their entire surface being subjected to the action of the water or
liquor in the trough. A partition (12) is fitted into the trough; on one side
of this partition is situated the inlet for the water or liquor, and on the other
side the outlet for the same. The hanks or skeins should be caused to travel
round the trough in the contrary direction to the flow of the water or liquor
therein. According to the liquor in the trough the yarns will be either washed
or be impregnated or dyed by the action of the machine above described.
Figures 6 and 7 are two views of another mode of moving the upper disc.
In lieu of a ratchet wheel I put a worm wheel on to the upper disc (not shown
in the Drawings) in gear with the worm (12), lying between two arms of the
lower disc, and turning in bearings; a pulley is fastened to this worm, and
turned by a belt at the end of each stroke at one side. 13 is the driving
shaft; 14, a crank with the connecting rod 8. On the projecting part of the
bolt where the rod is put on the crank there is a broad or double pulley;
16 and 17 are two pulleys turning on axles fastened on the connecting rod 8.
The belt is laid over the pulley on the worm under 16 and 17, and round the
pulley 15. If the crank 14 turns round the shaft 13, so the pulley 15, if it
was fast on its axis and large enough, would cause a continual motion of the
belt round it, and consequently a turning of the worm, as well as an advancing
of the upper disc lying in gear with it. Now, as a broad or double pulley
is put loose on, and one side of it comes in frictional contact with a circular
segment (18) by the turning of the crank, so an interrupted turning of the
worm will be produced. In cases where a less careful washing is required,
as, for example, in bleaching linen, yarns, or threads, the rollers are caused to
revolve more rapidly on their axes, and to travel slowly and continuously round
the centre shaft. Figure 8 is a plan and Figure 9 an elevation of a machine
of such a nature. A shaft 19 with two bevel wheels (20 and 21), marked in
dotted lines, communicates the power to the machine from an adjacent prime
mover. The bevel wheel 22 is in gear with 21, and fastened on the centre
shaft 23. The upper disc 5 is also fastened on this shaft (23) (not seen in
the Drawings) in gear with 20, and fastened by means of a tubular boss

page_text: surrounding the centre shaft on the bevel wheel 6. The rollers of a larger
diameter than on the first machine described are in connection with bevel
pinions 29, gearing into the wheel 6 in lieu of pulleys. By turning the
shaft 19 the wheel 6 will be caused to turn the disc 5 also, but much slower,
and in the opposite direction, thus causing a rapid turning of the rollers by a
slow motion round the central shaft. When hanks or skeins are to be dyed
Turkey red they are washed either in the machine No. 1, or preferably in
machine No. 2 herein-after described, which latter machine is also capable of
wringing them. They are then to. be impregnated with the oil and alkali
liquors in machine No. 2, and afterwards transferred to machine No. 1 for the
purpose of washing the same, and for impregnating them with the gall and
alum liquors, and, if desired, for dyeing the same, and for washing the same
after dyeing, the machine No. 2 not being adapted for removing the woody
matters from the yarn. Machine No. 2, delineated at Figures 3, 4, and 5,
consists of two parallel horizontal rollers (30 & 31), capable of revolving in
a trough (32) containing water for washing or liquor for impregnating the
yarn or thread.
The hanks or skeins are placed upon these rollers, and are
caused to travel through the trough by imparting a rotatory motion to one of
the two rollers by means of a strap and pulley, or otherwise (33 & 40).
When the yarn is sufficiently washed or impregnated the trough is lowered
by means of a self-acting lever, worked by an eccentric or other wise, so as to
remove the yarn out of the water or liquor before wringing the same. This
wringing is accomplished by stopping the rotatory motion of the first roller
(30) and imparting a rotatory motion to the second roller (31), such rotatory
motion however being not on its longitudinal axis but on one axis at right
angles thereto, the spindle which carries such roller being cranked or bent at
a right angle for that purpose (31). The part at right angles to the axis of
the roller turns in bearings, and is rotated by a strap and pulley or otherwise,
so as to twist or wring the yarn, more particularly seen in detail, Figure 10.
The operations of washing or impregnating and wringing are all accomplished
by the same pair of rollers by the machine itself without manual labour, and
these operations may be repeated as often as required without the necessity of
touching the yarn until it is ready for removal for spreading. The self-acting
mechanism of the described parts may be carried out in various ways, and an
unlimited number of rollers may be put in one machine, therefore I do not
confine myself to the mode shown on the Drawing.
In Figures 3, 4, & 5, 35 is the frame of the machine with all the bearings;
36, the driving shaft with fast and loose pulleys; on the same is put a worm

page_text: in gear with the worm wheel 37 and a broad pulley, round which run 3 straps
34, 38, & 39 (34 being crossed). These straps drive the pulleys 33, 40,
& 41. If the shaft with the rollers is coupled by the clutch with either 33
or 40, so it will be turned in a backward or forward direction, and the pulley 41
may also be left loose or be coupled with the shaft 42 by a clutch. These two
clutches are of the common form, and conducted by two grooves on the front
and back side of a round plate 43 fastened on the shaft of the worm wheel.
On commencing the operation after one or more hanks are put on each pair
of rollers (see Fig. 8), the pulley 33 is coupled with the shaft, and the yarn
goes round the rollers; afterwards the clutch is drawn back from this pulley
and engaged with the pulley 40, and thus the yarn runs over the rollers in
the opposite direction; this may be repeated as many times as required.
After this impregnation is sufficiently done the clutch is drawn to the middle
position, leaving both pulleys loose, and the clutch on shaft 42 is engaged
with pulley 41, when the wringing commences by means of the following parts
of the machine-43 are bevel wheels with long eyes, through which are put
the bent axes of the rollers 31. The axes may slip forward and backward
in the wheel, but turn with it by means of a feather and groove, or other-
wise; 44 are the bearings for these axes. The bevel wheels 45 on shaft 42
are in gear with 43. During the wringing the rope 46 with a weight is
wound upon a cone screw on the shaft 42; after the wringing is sufficiently
done the clutch is drawn out of the pulley, and the weight on this rope will
draw the rollers 31 back in the position they had before the wringing. One
of the pulleys 33 or 40 is hereafter again coupled with its shaft for only one
revolution of it, that the yarn may change its position on the rollers, and the
wringing be repeated. The yarn is now to be taken away and replaced by
48, shown at Figure 5, is a lever with weight to draw the axis
of 31 back. The lifting up and down of the troughs 32 during the operation
is done by the following parts of the mechanism:-The troughs are upon a
moveable frame 49, consisting of 4 vertical racks; between this frame are
put 2 shafts 50, on which are two spur wheels separately in gear with toothed
racks. The shafts are placed in bearings in the frame 35 of the machine, and
on one of them is fastened another larger spur wheel 51 in gear with the
heavy segment 52. The frame 49 with the boxes is lifted up by a counter-
weight and levers 53. On the end of the shaft of the worm wheel 37 is
fastened an eccentric, and by means of a T-shaped rod kept by a bolt in con-
nection with the segment 52; if the worm wheel turns the eccentric gives
the rod an up-and-down motion and to the segment which is bolted on it;
fresh hanks.

page_text: this latter turns the wheels on the two shafts, and consequently the frame 49.
with the boxes is lifted or lowered according to the position of the eccentric..
The bent axles for the rollers 31 may be each in one piece, thus keeping the
yarn at one height or level on the longer part of this axis, or they may be
made of two or more pieces united by a pin joint, acted upon by a spring, so
that by moving this spring the yarn will assume the position indicated at
Figure 11, and thus be allowed to dip deeper down in the liquor or water.
Figure 12 shows the position of the yarn before the arm
the wringing the first straight position is assumed.
action is bent. By
Another important improvement is the construction of the rollers in such
manner that their end diameters will be diminished by the wringing of the
yarn, by which arrangement the yarn becomes less liable to break.
Figure 13 is a section of one method of constructing these rollers; on a pipe
is fastened an egg-formed piece with a number of notches in the direction of
the length of the tube, for the entering and action of springs fastened on
the ends of the tube. By a pressure upon the roller the springs sink inwards
towards the centre of the egg-shaped piece, so that the yarn will lay chiefly
upon this latter part, and is thereby drawn nearly uniform on every part of
the hank. In lieu of lifting up the troughs to the rollers the machine may
be otherwise constructed, so that the rollers 30 sink down in the troughs,
which are situated lower down, and after the impregnating is done are lifted
up to the height of 31, and wrung the same way as by the herein-before
mentioned apparatus. This lowering and lifting of the rollers I prefer to do
by means of an eccentric on the same place as herein-before described, and
by some levers; but various other modifications will answer the purpose.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into practical effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery or apparatus
for washing and impregnating skeins of yarns or threads during the processes
of dyeing and bleaching, the machinery being fitted with annular troughs for
containing the water or liquor, substantially as herein-before described, or any
mere modification thereof.
Second, the arrangement of machinery for producing the compound motion
as herein-before described, or any mere modification thereof.
Third, the use and construction of pairs of rollers for the purposes of

page_text: impregnating and wringing hanks in the bleaching and dyeing processes,
and for finishing yarns or threads as herein-before described, or any mere
modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Longin Gantert, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
ST. JOHN VINCENT DAY, C.E.,
Patent Offices,
166, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
LONGIN GANTERT, (L.S.)
38, Glassford Street, Glasgow.