CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS OR VESSELS, AND IN THE PROPELLING THEREOF, AND IN SECURING THE SAME FROM FLOATAL DAMAGE, CERTAIN PARTS OF WHICH MACHINERY MAY BE USED FOR MOTION ON LAND
Year: 1846

page_text: BUCHANAN'S SPECIFICATION AND DISCLAIMERS.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BUCHANAN, of Queen Square, Westminster, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of August,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-six, in the tenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Buchanan, my exors, adñors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Buchanan, my exors,
admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Buchanan, my
exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS OR VESSELS, AND IN THE PROPELLING THEREOF, AND IN
SECURING THE SAME FROM FLOATAL DAMAGE, CERTAIN PARTS OF WHICH MACHINERY
MAY BE USED FOR MOTION ON LAND;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that I, the said John Buchanan, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled
in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Buchanan, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention relates, first, to improvements in ships or vessels, and consists
in constructing them on lines laid down in the manner hereafter explained;
secondly, my Invention relates to improvements in the construction and appli-
cation of a propelling blade or blades to ships or vessels, which blade or blades
possess certain advantages, as herein-after described. And in order that my
Invention may be most fully understood and readily carried into effect, I shall
proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
First, in respect to my improvements in building ships or vessels.―The
system of ship building most generally followed by almost all those builders of
the present day who can be said to follow any system at all, is to form a main
midship transverse section of the intended ship or vessel which will be the best
(according to their notion) for the purpose to which the ship or vessel is to be
applied; then to set up one other lesser transverse section between that and
the stem, and another such transverse section between the midship section
and the stern post, and also to have two medium sections, called adjusting
transverse sections, to be shifted about anywhere fore and aft of the midship
section, and thus they work out the side curve of the intended ship or vessel.
After a fair side line is got (by shifting the position of the adjustable sections),
water lines, or heights corresponding thereto, are measured off from all the
transverse sections at their relative heights, and if any slack or hollow places
are found, they are added to, and the other sections reduced; and the same
must be done with all the diagonal or ribband lines, also with the perpen-
dicular, longitudinal, or buttock lines, thus causing innumerable alterations
without any fixed point, except the main or midship transverse section, to.
start from, and often not even that section remains unaltered, as alterations
in the adjacent sections often require corresponding ones to be made in the
midship section.
Now, according to my Invention, I am enabled to draft the lines of a ship
or vessel, so that all the lines will correctly run into each other, and no adjust-
ment by shifting transverse sections will be called for, as I work according to
true geometrical bases throughout, beginning with the main frame, and in
lieu of water lines, ribband lines, and buttock lines, with their necessary
accompanying balance and adjusting frames, I only make use of. the midship

page_text: section, an upper extreme height of breadth line, and one main diagonal on
each side of the hull, uniting or filling in all the transverse sections from the
upper height of breadth to the main diagonal, and thence down to the keel,
in the same manner as is followed in constructing the main frame, videlicit,
bisecting or halving the angles contained within the several perpendiculars (or
straight lines approaching more or less to the perpendicular), and also all the
angles within the straight lines crossing these perpendiculars, and the diagonals
at the points where the transverse sections respectively cross the main diagonals;
lines traced through these bisections of the angles form the outside of the frame
of the ship. The longitudinal curves being formed nearly in the same manner,
videlicit, halving the angles contained within the perpendiculars or lines bound-
ing the ends of the oblong figures and sides or bottom of the said figures,
whether vertical, horizontal, or diagonal, and lines connecting the extreme
points or base lines of these triangles, such being a pure trigonometrical and
geometrical formula for determining the transverse and longitudinal lines of
a ship or vessel according to my Invention, regulating her form from the
straight lines of the stem, stern post, and keel, to the greatest extent of breadth
and depth, beautifully proportioning all her lines, and each line relatively par-
taking of each other's qualities, upon the principle of the two sides and base of
a cone, regulating all the lesser diameters thereof in due proportion.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING, SHEET 1.
In proceeding to lay down a ship or vessel according to my Invention, first
draw the line A, A, Figure 1, shewing top of keel or outside of frames meet-
ing the keel, from which line A, A, set off the required length of keel, and
erect upright lines to the required angles of stem and stern post, through
which draw the horizontal line W, W; divide the space between the lines
A, A, and W, W, into four equal parts, one part above the keel line A, A,
being the height of the line G, G, and one and two thirds of the same divisions
for the height of the point F on the stern post above the line W, W, from
which point F, on the stern post, draw a line to on the line G, G; then
from the angle formed by the line G, G, and the line of stern post, rise the
line P, P, bisecting the angle F, P, e, the part of which line between P, Q,
divide into two equal parts; then through the point of division on P, P, draw
the line R, R, at right angles to the line P, P, and from the same point of divi-
sion or bisecting point S, draw a line to on the line G, G; from the point
where the line R, R, intersects the line G, G, again rise the line T, T, bisect-
ing the angle S, T, , as before described, upon which line divide into two
equal parts the distance between T and the line S, , taking the point of

page_text: division or bisecting point as the starting point for another line U to on G, G.
This and the following lines being bisected, as with those before 'described,
draw the heavy black line through the various bisecting points from F, on
the stern post, to , on the line G, G, will give the form shewn, which
heavy black line is intended to shew the form of the main diagonal E, E,
upon each view; the form to be obtained in the fore part of the vessel in like
manner, as may be seen by dotted lines. To form the lines D, D, which
represent the upper height of breadth, draw a line from the point F on the
stern post to the point V on the line W, W, and from the same point F draw
a line to the point X, also on the line W, W, which point X may be deter-
mined at pleasure according to the rise required in the line D, D; from the
point or angle X rise the line Y, divide equally into two parts the distance
between the point X and the lines F, V, from which bisecting point draw
another line to V, bisected as before described; the bisecting points will give
the form of the line required. By the same means the line C, C, is formed,
which represents the upper height of breadth forward. Figure 2, draw a hori-
zontal line on the same level as the keel line A, A, parallel to which line
continue the lines G, G, W, W, and F, F, on the stem through which
lines rise perpendicular lines, forming the side and centre of the stem, and
from the centre, upon the line W, W, set off the extreme half width, which
is equal to the distance between the line W, W, and A, A. Through the
point of extreme half width rise the perpendicular line Z, Z, cutting the keel
line A, A; from this point or angle draw the diagonal line E from Z to F on
the stem, cutting the line G, G, at e, which represents the extreme bilge;
draw a line from the point to the upper line of keel A at I, and from the
same point, to the extreme half breadth on the line W, W, draw the lower
line II, H, at right angles to the diagonal line, and through the point
bisect the angles formed by those lines, and draw the heavy black line through
the bisecting points, the form required for the main frame I, K, e, e, will
be given; and in like manner, by drawing the lines H, H, at right angles to
the diagonal E, and bisecting the lines shewn, and drawing lines through the
bisecting points, the form of the other frames L, L, L, will be given. It will
be seen, on looking at Figure 3 on the Drawing, it is drawn by the same
rules, the same letters of reference referring to the same parts. Figure 4 is
a half breadth plan, the same letters of reference referring to the same parts,
and the curves got in the same way as before described; the curved blue
lines represent the channel wale or deck line M, M. Figures 5 and 6 repre-
sent the stem and stern view, with the same letters of reference referring to
the same parts; Figures 7, 8, and 9, shewing enlarged views of a part of the

page_text: framing, and the way I recommend the main diagonal frame to be fixed.
The transverse and longitudinal straight blue lines in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4
indicate from one view to the other the points that have reference to each
other, and to form datum lines to set off the various distances.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which has for its
objects improvements in propelling vessels.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING, SHEET 2.
Figure 1 represents a side elevation, Figure 2 a section of the same on an
enlarged scale, to shew the internal construction, and Figure 3 a plan (as it
would appear from beneath) of the stern end of a vessel, to which one modi-
fication of this part of my Invention is applied. The remaining Figures 4, 5,
and 6 are detached parts of the machinery which will be hereafter referred to,
and the same letters of reference indicates the same part throughout the whole
of this Sheet of Drawing. In Figures 2 and 3, A represents the revolving
shaft driven by the steam engine or other adequate power. The bearings of
this shaft A are supported on elastic springs B, one of which is represented
separate at Figure 6, so that any bending of the vessel does not bind the
journals of such shaft, which are allowed to arrange themselves in a line by
the compensating elasticity of such springs. This shaft A is connected or
coupled at c to the shaft c, which carries the propelling blade D, the form and
arrangement of which is best seen in a section at Figure 2. The upper part
of this blade D is formed as a cylindrical axis, which passes through the shaft
C and the boss E, where it is held by means of the cotter e, which is repre-
sented on an enlarged scale at Figure 4. In this Figure it will be observed
that the cotter is cut or split in a different direction to that generally
practised. This form of cotter I fix by opening the slit by a drift or
wedge, and while open rivetting in the small bolt i, seen in red at
Figure 4, which leaves the cotter perfectly secure and safe. The blade
D thus supported on the shaft C partakes of the revolution of such shaft,
at the same time that it is free and at liberty to move on its own axis; so
that, supposing the shaft C to revolve in the direction indicated by the small
arrows seen at Figures 2 and 3, the resistance of the water will place the
blade D in the position there represented, resting against the shoulder or face f
formed in the boss E, as seen at Figure 3, and indicated in red lines at
Figure 2; but when the revolution of the shaft C is reversed, the blade will
vibrate on its axis from the same resistance of the water, and assume the
opposite position, resting on the shoulder or face g. The form and con-
struction of this part of the machinery is seen on an enlarged scale at

page_text: g
Figure 5, where it will be seen that the angles formed by the shoulders f and
with the shaft C are slightly varied, so that the angle formed by the shoulder g
being more acute, will drive quicker when required without any increase of
speed in the rotation of the shaft C. By this arrangement the blade D,
having free play on its axis between the shoulders f and g, will at all times
yield to any adverse pressure which may arise from the superior velocity of
the vessel to that generated by the propulsion of the blade D itself, so that,
supposing sail to be on the vessel at the same time that the propeller is in
action, and that the gale should suddenly carry the vessel beyond the speed
due to the propeller, it will instantly yield to the adverse pressure, and present
no resistance to the course of the vessel; and, in like manner, when the vessel
is under sail, and no rotation is imparted to the shaft C, the blade D will
yield to the adverse pressure of the water, and assume that position which
.presents the least resistance to the onward course of the vessel, as seen at
Figure 1. Referring to Figure 2, it will be seen that the shaft C is supported
in a hollow tube a, a, passing through and firmly fixed in the dead wood of
the vessel's stern, and that it is lubricated at various points by means of pipes
marked F, which pipes I purpose carrying to such an elevation as to support
a column of oil sufficient to overcome the pressure of the external water, and
ensure the necessary supply of oil where required, which is not always the case
in the ordinary arrangements of machinery of this nature. It will be also
seen in this Figure that the force or pressure imparted from the rotation of
the blade D to the vessel is received from the boss E, resting and revolving
against the fixed tube x, x, which carries the shaft C at a point immersed in
the external water, which prevents it heating whilst the superior column of
oil supplied by the small tube F lubricates the parts in contact. The shaft C
is formed of two semi-cylindrical halves, the centre or flat surface of each
being plained or ploughed out, so that when placed face to face they form a
cylindrical hollow shaft, through which is passed a rod or bolt o, o, (see
Figure 2,) for the purpose of fixing or bolting the blade D when in a pro-
pelling position, which bolting or fixing is practised only when backing or
stern way is required. The bolt or rod o, o, is traversed by the lever G,
and may be put into action or relieved at any moment while the blade D
is resting on either one or other of the shoulders for g, holes being
provided in the cylindrical axis of the blade D in the proper position to receive
the bolt o, and when bolted the reverse rotation of the shaft G necessarily
backs the vessel.
Having described oue arrangement of machinery for applying a propelling

page_text: blade to ships or vessels, the application of a greater number will be readily
arranged by engineers and parties conversant with work of this nature, and
I am well aware that other stops than those I have described for deter-
mining the propelling angle of the blade may be applied, and that many other
parts of the arrangements described may be modified and varied. But having
described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the same is
to be performed and carried into effect, I would remark, that I do not confine
myself to the details there shewn, provided the peculiar character of either
part of my Invention be retained; and what I claim is,-
First, the formation or construction of ships or vessels by means of lines
procured as described.
And, secoud, I claim the application of a blade or blades for the propelling
of ships or vessels so constructed as to yield to the adverse pressure of the
water when required.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Buchanan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.

page_text: In the Matter of a Patent granted to John Buchanan, of Queen
Square, Westminster, Gentleman, for his Invention of "Certain
Improvements in Ships or Vessels, and in the propelling thereof,!
and in securing the same from Floatal Damage, certain Parts of
which Machinery may be used for Motion on Land," bearing Date
at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-six.
DISCLAIMER proposed to be entered by John Buchanan, with the Clerk of 1
the Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and
sixth years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth,
intituled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for
Inventions."
I, the said John Buchanan, do declare, that since I obtained the said 1
Letters Patent, I have discovered that the Invention which was intended
to have been described under that part of the title which is contained in the
following words, "and in securing the same from floatal damage, certain
parts of which machinery may be used for motion on land," is not of such
practical utility as would make it desirable to retain it in the said Patent, for 2
which reason I am desirous to, and do hereby, disclaim all that part of the
title which is contained in the following words, "and in securing the same
from floatal damage, certain parts of which machinery may be used for motion
on land."
In witness whereof, I, the said John Buchanan, have hereunto set my 2
hand and seal, this Fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven..

page_text: John Buchanan to file his said Disclaimer, pursuant to the Statute passed
in 5th & 6th years of the reign of His said late Majesty King William
the 4th, entitled An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for
Inventions.

page_text: Filed 19th February 1851.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BUCHANAN, late of Queen Square, Westminster, but now of Leamington, in the
County of Warwick, Gentlemen, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of August,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-six, in the tenth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Bucha-
nan, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privi-
lege and authority, that I, the said John Buchanan, my exors, admors, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Buchanan, my exors, adñiors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
'during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS OR VESSELS, AND IN THE
PROPELLING THEREOF, AND IN SECURING THE SAME FROM FLOATAL DAMAGE, CERTAIN
PARTS OF WHICH MACHINERY MAY BE USED FOR MOTION ON LAND;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said John Buchanan, chall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear: And whereas I, the said John Buchanan, in pursuance
of a proviso in the said Letters Patent contained, did, by a Specification, being
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed
and did cause the same instrument to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of
Chancery at Westminster on the Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord, One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven: And whereas, by a Dis-
claimer in writing under the hand and seal of me, the said John Buchanan, bear-
ing even date with the said recited Specification, and with the leave of Sir John
Jervis, Knight, Her Majesty's then Attorney General, duly entered and filed with
the Clerk of the Patents of England, and enrolled with the said Specification, I,
the said John Buchanan, did, for the reasons therein mentioned, disclaim all

page_text: 66
66
that part of the title which is contained in the following words, "and in
securing the same from floatal damage, certain parts of which machinery
may be used for motion on land": And whereas, since the enrolment of
the said Specification and Disclaimer respectively, I have discovered that such
part of the said Invention as consists of improvements in ships and vessels,
and which is in the said Specification mentioned as the first part of the said
Invention, is not of such great utility as to enable me to bring the same into
successful operation and effect during the continuance of the said term granted
by the said Letters Patent, and in consequence thereof I am desirous, with
the leave of Her Majesty's Solicitor General, to leave with the Clerk of the
Patents of England a Disclaimer of such last-mentioned part of the said
Invention, and of so much of the title of the said Invention contained in the
said Letters Patent, and also so much of the said Specification, as relates to
the said last-mentioned part of the said Invention herein-after expressed,
and for that purpose I am also desirous, with such leave as aforesaid, to alter
the title of the said Invention, so as to confine the same respectively to so much
of the said Invention as consists of improvements in the propelling of ships or
vessels:
NOW THEREFORE KNOW YE, that I, the said John Buchanan, by and with
the leave of Sir Alexander James Edmund Cockburn, Knight, Her Majesty's
said Solicitor General, and for the reasons aforesaid, do hereby disclaim so
much of the title of the said Invention, in the said Letters Patent contained, as
relates to or respects so much and such part of the same Invention as consists
of certain improvements in ships or vessels, and also all parts of the said title
except so much or such part or parts thereof as relate to or respect improvements
in the propelling of ships and vessels; and by and with such leave as aforesaid, and
for the reasons aforesaid, I, the said John Buchanan, do hereby alter the said title
so that the same shall be and be deemed to be in the words following, (that is
to say,) "certain improvements in the propelling of ships or vessels": And
further know ye, that I, the said John Buchanan, by and with the leave afore-
said, and for the reasons aforesaid, do hereby disclaim so much of the said
Specification immediately following the words "my Invention relates" as
consists of the words "First, to improvements in ships or vessels, and consists
in constructing them on lines laid down in the manner herein-after explained;
secondly, my Invention relates": And further know ye, that I, the said John
Buchanan, by and with the leave aforesaid, and for the considerations aforesaid,
do hereby disclaim all, so much, and such part or parts of the said Specifi-
cation as is or are in the words, letters, and figures following (that is to say):-
First, in respect to my improvements in building ships or vessels.-

page_text: 66
66
"The system of ship building most generally followed by almost all those
"builders of the present day who can be said to follow any system at all, is
"to form a main midship transverse section of the intended ship or vessel,
"which will be the best (according to their notion) for the purpose to
"which the ship or vessel is to be applied; then to set up one other lesser
"transverse section, between that and the stern, and another such transverse
"section between the midship section and the stern post, and also to have two
"medium sections, called adjusting transverse sections, to be shifted about
anywhere fore and aft of the midship section, and thus they work out the side
curve of the intended ship or vessel. After a fair side line is got (by shifting
"the position of the adjustable section), water lines, or heights corresponding
"thereto, are measured off from all the transverse sections at their relative
heights, and if any slack or hollow places are found they are added to, and
"the other sections reduced; and the same must be done with all the diagonal
" or ribband lines, also with the perpendicular, longitudinal or buttock lines, thus
causing uinnumerable alterations without any fixed point, except the main or
midship transverse section, to start from, and often not even that section
remaining unaltered, as alterations in the adjacent sections often require
corresponding ones to be made in the midship sections.
66
"
66
66
66
"
"Now, according to my Invention, I am enabled to draft the lines of
a ship or vessel so that all the lines will correctly run into each other,
" and no adjustment by shifting transverse sections will be called for, as
"I work according to true geometrical bases throughout, beginning with the
"main frame, and in lieu of water lines, ribband lines, and buttock lines, with
" their necessary accompanying balance and adjusting frames, I only make
use of the midship section, an upper extreme height of breadth line, and one
"main diagonal on each side of the hull, uniting or filling in all the transverse
" sections from the upper height of breadth to the main diagonal, and thence
"down to the keel, in the same manner as is followed in constructing the main
"frame, videlicet, bisecting or halving the angles contained within the several
66
"
perpendiculars, or straight lines approaching more or less to the perpen-
dicular, and also all the angles within the straight lines crossing these
perpendiculars, and the diagonals at the points where the transverse sections
respectively cross the main diagonals; lines traced through these bisections of
"the angles form the outside of the frame of the ship. The longitudinal
curves being formed nearly in the same manner, videlicet, halving the angles
"contained within the perpendiculars or lines bounding the ends of the oblong
figures and sides or bottom of the said figures, whether vertical, horizontal,
or diagonal, and lines connecting the extreme points or base lines of these
"
66

page_text: E
I triangles, such being a pure trigonometrical and geometrical formula for
determining the transverse or longitudinal lines of a ship or vessel accord-
ing to my Invention, regulating her form from the straight lines of the
"stern, stern post, and keel, to the greatest extent of breadth and depth,
beautifully proportioning all her lines, and each line relatively partaking of
"cach other's qualities, upon the principle of the two sides and base of a cone
"regulating all the lesser diameters thereof in due proportion.
$6
66
"DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING, SHEET 1.
"In proceeding to lay down a ship or vessel according to my Invention, first
"draw the line A, A, Figure 1, shewing top of keel, or outside of frames meet-
ing the keel; from which line A, A, set off the required length of keel, and
"direct upright lines to the required angles of stern and stern post, through
"which draw the horizontal line W, W; divide the space between the lines
A, A, and W, W, into four equal parts, one part above the keel line A, A,
being the height of the line G, G, and one and two thirds of the same
"divisions for the height of the point F on the stern post above the line W, W,
"from which point Fon the stern post draw a line to
"then from the angle formed by the line G, G, and the
"
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66
"
66
66
on the line G, G;
line of stern post,
"rise the line P, P, bisecting the angle F, P, 8, the part of which line between
P, Q, divide into two equal parts; then through the point of division on P, P,
"draw the line R, R, at right angles to the line P, P, and from the same point
"of division or bisecting point S draw a line to , on the line G, G; from the
point where the line R, R, intersects the point G, G, again rise the line T, T,
bisecting the angle S, T, , as before described, upon which line divide into
"two equal parts the distance between T and the line S, , taking the point of
division or bisecting point for another line U to on G, G. This and the
following lines being bisected, as with those before described, draw the heavy
"black line through the various bisecting points from F on the stern post to
on the line G, G, will give the form shewn, which heavy black line is intended
"to shew the form of the main diagonal E, E, upon each view; the form to be
"obtained in the fore part of the vessel in like manner, as may be seen by
"dotted lines. To form the lines D, D, which represent the upper height
"of breadth, draw a line from the point F on the stern post to the point Von the
"line W, W, and from the same point F draw a line to the point X, also on the
"line W, W, which point X may be determined at pleasure according to the rise
required in the line D, D; from the point or angle X rise the line Y, divide
equally into two parts the distance between the point X and the lines F, V,
"from which bisecting point draw another line to V, bisected as before
"

page_text: "
66
to
"described; the bisecting points will give the form of the line required. By
"the same means the line C, C, is formed, which represents the upper heighth
"of breadth forward. Figure 2, draw a horizontal line on the same level as
"the keel line A, A, parallel to which line continue the lines G, G, W, W,
"and F, F, on the stern, through which lines rise perpendicular lines forming
"the side and centre of the stern, and from the centre upon the line W, W,
"set off the extreme half width, which is equal to the distance between the
"line W, W, and A, A. Through the point of extreme half width rise the
perpendicular line Z, Z, cutting the keel line A, A; from this point or angle
"draw the diagonal line E from Z to F on the stern, cutting the line G, G,
"ate, which represents the extreme bilge; draw a line from the point
"the upper line of keel A at I, and from the same point to the extreme half
breadth on the line W, W, draw the lower line H, H, at right angles to the
diagonal line, and through the point bisect the angles formed by those lines,
"and draw the heavy black line through the bisecting points; the form required
"for the main frame I, K, e, e, will be given; and in like manner, by
drawing the lines H, H, at right angles to the diagonal E, and bisecting the
"lines shewn, and drawing lines through the bisecting points, the form of the
"other frames L, L, L, will be given. It will be seen, on looking at Figure 3
on the Drawing, it is drawn by the same rules, the same letters of reference
referring to the same parts. Figure 4 is a half breadth plan, the same
"letters of reference referring to the same parts, and the curves got in the
"same way as before described; the curved blue lines represent the channel
"wale or deck line M, M. Figures 5 and 6 represent the stern and stern
"view, with the same letters of reference referring to the same parts;
"Figures 7, 8, and 9, shewing enlarged views of a part of the framing, and the
way I recommend the main diagonal way to be fixed. The transverse and
longitudinal straight blue lines in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, indicate from one
"view to the other the points that have reference to each other, and to form
"datum lines to set off the various distances.
66
65
66
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66
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which has for its
object 'improvements in propelling vessels.""
And as to so much of the said Specification as consists of the words
following, (that is to say,) "I would remark that I do not confine myself to the
"details there shewn, provided the peculiar character of either part of my
"Invention be retained," I, the said John Buchanan, with the leave afore-
"said and for the reasons aforesaid, do hereby disclaim the words "either part
"of," contained in so much of the said Specification as lastly herein-before set
forth.

page_text: And as to so much or such part of the said Specification as follows
immediately after the words, "and what I claim is," I, the said John
Buchanan, by and with the leave aforesaid, and for the reasons aforesaid,
do hereby disclaim the words, "First, the formation or construction of ships or
"vessels by means of lines procured as described; and second, I claim,"
in the said Specification contained; and also so much of the said Invention as
by the same words, in the said Specification lastly herein-before set forth, is
firstly claimed as the first part of the said Invention.
And I, the said John Buchanan, do further declare that the above written
Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration are not, nor is either of them, nor is
any part thereof respectively, intended to extend the exclusive right granted by
the said Letters Patent; and that these Presents shall not extend the said
exclusive right in any way whatsoever.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Buchanan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-one.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify, that the above-named John Buchanan, late of Queen's
Square, Westminster, but now of Leamington, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman, has applied to me for leave to enter with you the above-written
Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration of part of the title and Specifica-
tion of a certain Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to him.
under the Great Seal of Great Britain, dated at Westminster, the 15th day of
August One thousand eight hundred and forty-six, and to which a Specifica-
tion was duly enrolled; and having considered of the above application, and
no objection having been made to the same, I hereby grant leave to the said
John Buchanan to file his said Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration,
pursuant to the Statute passed in the fifth and sixth years of the reign of His
late Majesty King William the Fourth, entituled "An Act to amend the Law
touching Letters Patent for Inventions."

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of February, in the
year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid John Buchanan came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according 5
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
AY