CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PLANING, BORING, AND TURNING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Fletcher and John William Fuller, both of
the Firm of Messieurs William Collier and Company, of Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers and Tool Makers, for the Invention
of CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PLANING, BORING, AND
TURNING
ealed the 23rd November 1861, and dated the 20th June 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Fletcher and
John William Fuller at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 20th June 1861.
We, JAMES FLETCHER and JOHN WILLIAM FULLER, both of the Firm of
Messieurs William Collier and Company, of Salford, in the County of Lancas-
ter, Engineers and Tool Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PLANING, BORING, AND
TURNING," to be as follows:-
Our improvement in machines for planing is particularly applicable to
planing machines of large dimensions, and it consists in rendering them
available for being used to plane two or more articles of different dimensions
and shapes at the same time.
In performing our Invention we make the bed with the required number
of guides or grooves for two or more tables, and each table is furnished with
a tool slide and an independent driving and stopping and starting apparatus.
[Price 8d.]

page_text: When the planing machine is required for planing very large articles the
tables are driven simultaneously, thus answering the purpose of one solid or
entire table; but when smaller articles of different sizes are to be operated
upon, the tables can be driven independently of each other, thereby rendering
the machine capable of doing the work of two or more smaller planing
machines.
Our improvements in machines for boring and turning consist in an improved
arrangement of such machines which are capable of operating upon several
articles at the same time; the wheels, pulleys, shafts, rollers, or other articles
to be operated upon are driven by a centre wheel gearing into wheels which
are connected to their respective spindles by clutch boxes, so that each article
may be stopped and started independently of the others; the mechanism for
moving the boring and turning tools is also connected to one driving wheel or
pulley, and each boring or turning tool can be disconnected from the others,
when requisite. These improved machines for boring and turning take up
much less room than the ordinary lathes, and operate simultaneously upon
six or any other convenient number of articles placed vertically, thereby
relieving the tools from the borings or turnings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said James Fletcher and John William Fuller in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 19th December 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
FLETCHER and JOHN WILLIAM FELLER, both of the Firm of Messieurs William
Collier and Company, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers
and Tool Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Fletcher and John William Fuller, Her special licence that we,
the said James Fletcher and John William Fuller, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Fletcher and
John William Fuller, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,

page_text: the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES FOR PLANING, BORING, AND TURNING," upon the condition.
(amongst others) that we, the said James Fletcher and John William Fuller,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or
their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Fletcher and John William
Fuller, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, that is to say) :-
The nature of our Invention of improvements in machinery for planing
consists in rendering such machines available for being used to plane two or
more articles of different dimensions and shapes at the same time.
In order to accomplish this we make the bed with the required number of
guides or grooves for two or more tables, each of which is furnished with a
tool holder and an independent starting, driving, and stopping apparatus.
Our improvements in machines for boring and turning are applicable to
such machines as are capable of operating upon several articles at the same
time, and they consist in certain improved combinations and arrangements of
parts for boring and turning several articles simultaneously, and for starting
and stopping them independently of each other.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the accompanying four Sheets
of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a planing machine constructed
according to our improvements; on Sheet 2, Figure 2 is a front view of the
same.
T'he
a is the bed, which is made with four guide grooves a¹, for the two tables
b and b¹; each table is moved to and fro by a screw c or taking into a nut d,
or by a pinion and rack, or other mechanism, in the usual manner.
driving apparatus for working the screws c and c¹, or other equivalent for
giving motion to each table independently of the other, consists of the pulleys
e,el, and e², shewn to the right-hand side of Figure 2, and the pulleys 1, f¹,
and f2, on the left-hand side. The slow advancing motion is given to the
table 6' by the pinion e3 gearing into the wheel g fixed on the shaft g¹, to
which is also fixed the bevel pinion g² gearing into the bevel wheel c² fixed to

page_text: the end of the screw c'. The quick return motion of the table 6 is effected
by the wheel e gearing into the carrier wheel g³, which gears into the wheel g
fixed to the shaft ġ. This driving apparatus is similar to that generally
applied to planing machines, and a corresponding driving apparatus is applied
to the other side of the machine for giving motion to the table b. The other
parts of the planing machine, such as the standards h, entablature i,and cross
slide j,are made as in other machines of large dimensions, but the cross slide
must be provided with as many tool holders & as there are tables, and the tool
holders are worked by self-acting machinery from one or both sides of the
machine.
In the present instance we have shewn two tablets, but more may in some
cases be employed. In planing very large castings the tables b and b¹ act
simultaneously, the shafts g¹ being coupled at 95, as shewn in dotted lines in
Figure 2, but at other times the shafts glare disconnected,and each table can
then be traversed the required distance irrespective of the other, as the strap
fork of each driving apparatus is acted upon by an adjustable stud or reversing
stop fixed to the table, as in ordinary planing machines where a single table
is employed. The tool holders are connected by screws to the standards h,
but they form no part of our present Invention. Planing machines con-
structed according to the above improvements will be found very advantageous
in practice, as although it is necessary to have a planing machine sufficiently
large to operate on the largest castings, such castings are comparatively seldom
'required, and at other times the machine can be employed on smaller castings
and perform the work of two or more planing machines.
On Sheet 3, Figure 3 is an elevation, and Figure 4 a plan of a compound
boring machine, constructed according to our improvements, and capable of
boring our six wheels, or pulleys, or other articles at the same time. We
would, however, observe that the machine may be constructed to act on a
greater or less number of articles; m isa circular foundation column cast of
the same piece as the sexagonal pillar m¹, to which are cast or fixed the bear_
ings for the driving shaft n; on this shaft are mounted loose the speed
pulleys ', to which the spur pinion n² is cast or fixed; this pinion gears into
the wheel o fixed to the back shaft o', to the other end of which is fixed the
change pinion o², gearing into the change wheel n³ fixed to the shaft n; on
this shaft is also fixed the bevel pinion'n gearing into the wheel p fixed to the
vertical shaft p¹; this shaft passes through the centre of the 'foundation
column m, and communicates motion to the face plates in the following
manner: Near the lower end of the upright shaft plis keyed a wheel p²,
which geers into the pinions q fixed upon the boring spindles q² of the face

page_text: plates 9; the pinions q¹ run loose upon the spindles 92, and over each of the
pinions 92 is a catch box 73, the corresponding half being cast upon the upper
face of the pinions q¹; the catch boxes q3 slide upon the keys on the boring
spindles q. when they are thrown in and out of geer by the lever r. The
boring bit is placed through the stay s, and it is forced down by the centre
points under the slidest; these slides receive their motion from screws t¹,
to which a constant rotary motion is given by means of a chain and chain
wheels, or any other suitable mechanism. In each of the slides is a
slide block t2 having a brass half nut 3 securely fastened to the end of
it, which geers into the screws t¹; these nuts are put in and out of geer
by means of a cam t4 and weighted levert fixed upon the same shaft
as the pulley 6; a chain being fastened upon the periphery of the
pulley to passes round a carrier pulley inside the column m,and is conveyed to
the end of the catch box lever ?. Upon each of the sides of the column or
main frame of the machine are stops t7, which are adjustable according to
the depth of the work to be bored, and on the sides of the slides is a catch t
fitting into a notch in the pulley t". The operation of the machine is as
follows: The work being fastened on the face plates 1,each face plate is put
in motion by raising the corresponding weighted lever, which by means of
the cam puts the half nut t³ into geer with the screw t', and at the same
time slackens the chain off the pulley t", allowing the catch box lever to put
the catch box q into geer with the catches on the pinion 1, thus causing
the spindleg and face plate 2 to revolve. The operation of boring proceeds
until the hole is bored through or to the required depth, when the catch t³ on
the slide t comes in contact with the stop t, which throws it out of the notch
in the pulley 16 when the weighted lever to falls, and by means of the cam t
pulling the half nut t³ out of geer with the screw ', thus allowing the slide t
to rise instantaneously by means of a balance weight, at the same time the
pulley to and chain raise the lever, and throw the catch box 93 out of
thus entirely stopping that portion of the machine when the work is complete.
As each spindle and face plate is provided with a self-acting, stopping, and
starting motion it will be apparent that the articles to be bored may be of
different dimensions, and that each face plate will be thrown out of geer when
the hole has been bored to the required depth. By means of these improve-
ments a considerable saving.in time, labour, and space is effected.
geer,
On Sheet 4, Figure 5 is an elevation, and Fig. 6 a plan of a compound
lathe or machine for turning, constructed according to our improvements.
This machine is intended to operate upon eight shafts, rollers,or other articles
at the same time, but we do not limit ourselves, to this number. The framing

page_text: of the machine consists of the foundation plate u, top plate u¹, and carrier
plate u2, the two latter are united by the stay rods 3, shewn in Figure 6. The
beds or slides w for the slide rests w are secured above and below to the
plates and ; the driving spindles v revolve in bushes cast to the top
plate u', and carrier plate u to which the tail pins ut are fixed, and the loose
headstocks are attached to the beds or slides w, as in lathes of the present
construction. The mode of driving the spindles vis as follows:-The driving
shaft y revolves in bearings cast or fixed to the carrier plate u³; on this shaft
are mounted loose the speed pulleys, ; to the end of the speed pulleys is cast
or fixed the spur pinion y gearing into the wheel z2, which with the pinion z¹
is loose on the shaft ; the pinion geers into the wheel y³ fast on the
shaft y; the wheel y³ and the pinion y" can be connected together when
required by a lock bolt, as in double geared lathes of the ordinary construc-
tion; to the end of the shaft y is fixed the pinion 4 geared into the wheel +
fixed on the shaft to which is also fixed the bevel pinion geering into the
bevel wheel ; this bevel wheel and the spur wheel e revolve on a stud fixed
in the top plate, and the wheel gears into all the pinions loose on the
driving spindles c, but connected thereto, when required, by the catch boxesv";
the pinions ³ are furnished with corresponding catches, and each catch box.
is moved up or down on a key in the spindle by a lever, by this means the
attendant can throw each spindle in or outof gear independently of the others.
We have shewn two slide rests won each bed or slide w, but in some cases a
single rest or more than two may be used; when two are applied the traverse
motion is imparted by the screws w² and w³, the former giving an upward
motion to the upper rest, and the latter a downward motion to the lower rest;
the screw w is provided above with a ratchet pinion w4 which is driven one
or more teeth at each revolution of the pinion v3 by the adjustable stud v8
acting on the double lever v6, one arm of which has a catch v7 taking into
the pinion w. The screw w³ is driven from the screw w by the spur pinions
w and w, the latter of which is connected to the screw w³ by a friction nut;
by slackening this nut the motion of the lower rest can be stopped while the
upper rest continues to act. The bevel pinion w, on the end of the screw w²,
and the pinion 2010 gearing into it are for turning the screws w2 and w³, and
actuating the rests w¹ by hand.
The Drawing represents our improved compound lathe adapted to turn the
rollers employed in carding engines, and would be generally advantageous for
any other rollers, shafts, or other articles, one of such rollers being shewn in
its place between the centres of the driving spindle and following spindle of
the loose headstock ; the axle of the roller is capported in the stay cast

page_text: to the loose headstock and the stay a connected to. the bed or slide w; in
commencing operations the slide rests w¹ are brought close together in the
centre of the length of the roller, and when the cutting tools are adjusted to
reduce the roller to the requisite diameter, the catch box v4 is thrown into gear
with the catches on the pinion 3; the corresponding catch v7 is also put into
gear with the ratchet pinion w, thereby causing the roller to revolve, and the
slide rests to traverse along the face of the roller in opposite directions until
they arrive simultaneously at both ends. It is evident that before setting both
cutting tools into operation a small portion near the centre of the length of
the roller must be turned to the proper diameter to make room for the tools.
By means of these improvements one workman can attend to all the tools of
the compound lathe and keep them at work, thereby effecting a great saving ir.
labour; the economy in space is also very important, and the vertical position
of the articles to be turned allows the cuttings to drop,thereby preserving the
cutting tools, and keeping the working parts of the latter free from the
cuttings.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, we declare that we claim,-
First, the application of two or more tables to planing machines, which
tables are placed side by side,and worked independently of or in combination
with each other as described.
Secondly, the improved compound boring machine, as described.
And, thirdly, the improved compound lathe, as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Fletcher and John William
Fuller, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Eighteenth day
of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-one.
JAMES
FLETCHER.
(L.S.)
JOHN WILLIAM FULLER. (L.S.)