IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO VENTILATING APARTMENTS AND OTHER PLACES, AND TO CREATING DRAFT IN CHIMNIES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Cocke, of 16, Water Lane, in the
City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO VENTILATING APARTMENTS AND OTHER PLACES, AND TO
CREATING DRAFT IN CHIMNIES."
Scaled the 29th October 1869, and dated the 5th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Cocke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th May 1869.
I, ALEXANDER COCKE, of 16, Water Lane, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO VENTILATING APARTMENTS AND OTHER PLACES, AND
TO CREATING DRAFT IN CHIMNIES," to be as follows:-
"In carrying out the improvements in the case of railway or other
carriages I form grating or other passages by preference around the roof

page_text: lamps for the escape of air from the compartment, and I surround such
passage with a shield, over which I apply a cowl capable of turning on a
centre so that the outlet thereof may be contrary to the direction of
motion of the carriage or of the wind, but this cowl in place of fitting
near the lower edge thereof to the shield is opened out at the part thereof
opposite to the outlet therefrom in order that air may freely flow
through the cowl. The lower part of this cowl overhangs the shield to
an extent sufficient to prevent rain passing in in that direction. The
centre of motion of the apparatus is obtained by a screw pin passing
into a socket supported in an open frame capable of removal over the
lamp. Apparatus thus formed is applicable to other apartments and
places, and to chimneys for creating draft therein.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Cocke in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 5th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
COCKE, of 16, Water Lane, in the City of London, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Alexander Cocke, Her special licence that I,
the said Alexander Cocke, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Alexander Cocke, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
VENTILATING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO VENTILATING APARTMENTS AND OTHER PLACES, AND TO CREATING
DRAFTS IN CHIMNIES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Alexander Cocke, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
'should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar monthis next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Cocke, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say) :-
In carrying out the improvements in the case of railway and other
carriages I form grating or other passages by preference around the roof
lamps for the escape of air from the compartment, and I surround such
passage with a shield, over which I apply a cowl capable of turning on
a centre so that the outlet thereof may be contrary to the direction of
motion of the carriage or of the wind, but this cowl in place of fitting
near the lower edge thereof to the shield is opened out at the part
thereof opposite to the outlet therefrom in order that air may freely
flow through the cowl. The lower part of this cowl overhangs the shield
to an extent sufficient to prevent rain passing in in that direction. The
centre of motion of the apparatus is obtained by a screw pin passing
into a socket supported in an open frame capable of removal over the
lamp. Apparatus thus formed is applicable to other apartments and
places, and to chimneys for creating draught therein.
But that the Invention may be fully understood I will by the aid of
the accompanying Drawings proceed more fully to describe means
pursued by me in carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS..
Figure 1 shows an external side view, Figure 2 an under side view,
Figure 3 a plan or upper side view, Figure 4 a section, Figures 5 and 6
show parts separately of apparatus according to the Invention arranged
for ventilating a railway carriage. In cach of the views the same
letters are employed to indicate corresponding parts wherever they
occur.
The cross lines a, a, indicate grating or other openwork supported in
the frame, b, the inner portion of which also serves to support a roof
lamp, which is shewn in Figure 4 by the red lines c. The outer portion
of the frame b is fastened by screws or otherwise to
the framing of the
roof of the carriage, such roof being formed with an opening in it of

page_text: sufficient size to receive or admit of the action of the apparatus. To the
outer portion or ring of the frame 6 is applied the cover d, forming a
chamber over the openwork a, and from this cover d rises the cylindrical
portion d'; the parts d and d¹ thereby form a kind of shield to prevent
The
rain or other matters passing downwards though the openwork a.
cylindrical portion d' is provided with projections e, e, between which
are supported the lower portions or arms f, f, of the frame f, with
capability of those arms sliding up and down within those projections,
which thus serve as guides. To the frame fis applied at the upper and
central portion thereof the stem f2, upon which is supported the cowl g
so that this cowl may freely rotate on the centre pin or stem f. The
cowl overhangs the upper edge of the cylindrical portion d' of the shield
or cover in order to prevent the passage of rain, or moisture, or a down-
ward draft. The part g' is spread out to admit a certain amount of air
to flow into the cowl at the lower part of it and thereby aid in forming
a current through it for drawing away foul.air from the interior of the
compartment to which the apparatus is applied, and such air so drawn
out will then pass away by the opening g' in the cowl on the opposito
side to the opening g'. The form of the opening g will have a tendency
when the carriage is in motion to cause the cowl to turn in a direction
for that opening to be towards the rear end of the carriage or opposite
the external current. To facilitate this tendency the cowl may have
applied to it a fin or feather g³.
It is desirable that the cowl may be capable of being readily removed
when required to obtain access to the roof lamp suspended within the
apparatus or for other purposes, and yet that it should not be hung so
freely as to be liable to be lifted off its supporting centre of motion too
freely by strong currents of wind or otherwise. For this purpose one
side of the stem f which supports the cowl g by entering the socket g
in the upper part of the cowl is provided with a spring which is affixed
at its upper end to the stem f, whilst its lower part is provided with a
projection which is adapted to pass into a recess formed for it all round
the socket . This arrangement admits of the cowl freely revolving,
yet it acts as a check to the too free rising off of it from the stem *,
and at the same time by the exercisc of a little extra force the cowl may
be readily lifted off that stem f3. The frame fis in Figure 4 shewn in the
position of use. In Figure 5 it is shewn raised by the act of drawing off
the cowl, and the object of its being capable of being so raised is to

page_text: afford facility for the introduction or removal of the roof lamp. f³ and f*
are stops to regulate the extent of motion in either direction of the
frame f. In place of the roof lamp being supported in the centre of the
apparatus so that the openwork for the ventilation surrounds it the
lamp may be separately suspended, and then the centre portion also of
the frame may be provided with suitable openwork. The size also
may be varied. Apparatus thus arranged may be applied to ventilate
apartments of houses and other places, and cowls formed and adapted
as indicated may be applied to chimneys to aid in increasing the draft
therein.
Having thus described my Invention, and means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise form or arrangement of parts as shewn and
described as the same may be varied; but what I do claim is, the adapta-
tion or combination of means for ventilating railway and other carriages,
apartments, and other places, and for creating draft in chimneys,
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Cocke, have hereunto sct
hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, in the year of
our Lord Oue thousand cight hundred and sixty-nine.
my
ALEXR. COCKE. (L.S.)