matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS, AND GENERAL CARRIAGE & HARNESS FURNITURE AND FITTINGS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Ashton Holden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
April 1857.
I, HOWARD ASHTON HOLDEN, of Bingley Works, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Railway and General Carriage Furniture and Lamp
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS, AND GENERAL CARRIAGE & HARNESS FURNITURE
AND FITTINGS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
The object of my improvements in carriage lamps is to economise the cost
of certain portions of the materials used for the same; as, for instance, the
handles and internal fittings and reflectors are now commonly made of what is
termed plated metal, namely, copper plated with silver, usually sold in the
market at from 2/6 to 3/6 per pound; and as a substitute for this expensive
material I propose using for such purposes sheet zinc, which may be first
wrought into the form required by drawing it into tubes for the handles, and
by spinning or otherwise forming the reflectors, and other parts, which I pro-
pose to finish by electro-plating (and burnishing where required), which may be
done at a cost from 8d. to 1s. per pound, more or less, according to the quantity
of silver deposited in the process of electro-plating; not that I propose con-

page_text: fining myself to the depositing of silver only on such metal, as a compound
metal, such as brass, may be deposited, or gold may be used if required..
And in some situations, such as the reflectors around the tops of such lamps,
where the heat is usually great, I propose to form such reflectors from what
is called block tin, and finish such reflectors or internal parts by electro-
plating and burnishing them, as before described, which may be done at about
from 18. to 1s. 3d. per pound.
And my further improvements consist in the application or substitution of
zinc for copper and copper alloys (such as brass) for such parts of the metallic
fittings of railway and other carriages (as also the heavy metallic portions of
harness), such parts to be cast or otherwise formed of zinc, with such suitable
alloys as shall impart to it necessary malleableness or ductility for the purpose
of working, and substituting it for the desired purposes, such as coach beading,
coach-door hinges, handles, and such like parts and ornaments, as also buckles,
terrets, cock eyes, &c. &c., such parts to be finished by electro-plating, and
burnished and finished in the usual or any other suitable way.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL AND IRON WIRE FOR UMBRELLA AND PARASOL FRAMES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Morgan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1857.
I, JABEZ MORGAN, Iron Wiredrawer, of Kidderminster, in the County of
Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL AND IRON WIRE FOR UMBRELLA AND
PARASOL FRAMES," to be as follows (that is to say):—
My improvements consist, first, in the sectional form of the wire to be used
for the ribs and stretchers of umbrellas and parasols; and, secondly, in the
means of producing the desired form, which may be somewhat like letter T,
and which form I may in some instances modify by making it not quite so
angular, or connecting the extreme top of the T to the base on each side, with
an inward curve instead of an inward angle. This form will admit of a lighter
wire being used, and still affording an increase of strength and stiffness to the
ribs and stretchers made from it. In producing this form of wire, two modes
may be used, first, by entirely drawing it; and, secondly, by drawing and
rolling. But as the drawing would be attended with great uncertainty of size,
in consequence of the great wear in the hole through which it must be drawn,
I prefer to partially manufacture it by drawing, and partially by rolling, draw-
ing it first somewhat in this shape (varying the substance according to the

page_text: size or weight of finished wire I wish to make) and the wire in this form I
next pass between a pair of rolls, the one roll being flat or grooved, to fit, say,
the top of the T, and the other grooved according to the form I may desire
the other part. And in some instances I so form the grooves in the rolls at
proper intervals, that the wire passing through shall at these places be
flattened out for the purpose of connecting the rib to the stretcher at that
part, and which form is also applicable to the inward end of the stretchers.
Iк- PROVEMENTS IN EVER-POINTED PENCIL CASES
Year: 1857

page_text: appucation for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Wiley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iк-
PROVEMENTS IN EVER-POINTED PENCIL CASES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in making the propeller of ever-pointed pencil
cases flexible, or connecting the said propeller with the propelling mechanisni
by means of a joint. By this method of construction, the danger of breaking
the lead on introducing it into the pencil case is avoided.
My Invention consists, secondly, in the use of a screw, constructed as
herein-after described; in place of the coiled tube or screw ordinarily employed
in ever-pointed pencil cases, I construct the said screw from a thin tube, which
I place upon a mandril, the said mandril having a screw thread cut thereon.
By means of a suitable tool, I press the tube into the thread on the mandril
during a rotatory motion given to the said tube and mandril.
The screwed tube so formed is economical in manufacture and efficient in
action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN COLOURS, CALLED AN IMPROVED PHOTO-GALVANO- GRAPHIC CHROMOGRAPHIC PROCESS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within. the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lewis and Gideon Böhm
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 4th February 1857.
We, EDWARD LEWIS and GIDEON BÖHM, of Coleman St., in the City of
London, Lithographers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN COLOURS, CALLED AN IMPROVED PHOTO-GALVANO-
GRAPHIC CHROMOGRAPHIC PROCESS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to use plates or impressions from plates pre-
pared by a process called the photo-galvanographic process, in the art of colour
printing or chromography. The first named process, which forms the subject
of Letters Patent granted to M. Pretsch, consists in the peculiar adaptation
of the photographic process to the production of printing plates in copper and
other metals. Now, our Invention consists of the use of these plates or
impressions therefrom as a basis, outline, or groundwork for pictures printed in
colours on wood, stone, metal, or other substance.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: mis Inventio recen
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Evans and George Potts
Roskell, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st July 1857.
We, EDWARD EVANS, of Holywell, in the County of Flint, Machinist, and
GEORGE POTTS ROSKELL, of Stockyn, near Holywell, in the same County,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
We employ a series of knives or cutters working in a horizontal direction
upon a vertical shaft, to which motion is given by bevil wheels driven from
the power obtained by the driving wheels of the machines. The knives or
cutters rest upon feeders or cutting plates forming a surface for the knives to
cut on; they are placed so as to form a portion of a circle of the same
radius as the outer diameter of the knives. On the vertical shaft rods are
placed at intervals, which turn with it for the purpose of collecting the corn
or grass, and the rods turn in a contrary direction, being placed upon another
vertical shaft, and pass between them for the purpose of laying the corn or
hay on the side of the machine. If the corn should be laid or beaten down
we place or attach to the end of each feeder or cutting plate a gatherer, made
of bent wire, which rests loosely on the ground, with a turned-up point to
prevent it catching the clods, thereby raising the corn into the feeders or

page_text: cutting plates. The bed with the cutting plates and knives can be lowered
or raised to any given height, and the machine can be guided in any required
direction by guide wheels which are under the control of the driver. The
machine being pushed forward or propelled by horses being geared to a pole
with their heads towards the machine.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR PRINTING CALICO AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Withnall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th April
1857.
I, JAMES WITHNALL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Copper-
smith, do hereby declare the naturo of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS TO BE EMPLOYED
FOR PRINTING CALICO AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the novel application and use of iron in the state
called "homogeneous metal" (which is iron converted into steel by a chemical
process) in the manufacture of such printing rollers as are composed of two
cylinders combined one within the other, the outer one being of copper or other
suitable surface for engraving. The improvements consist in forming such inner
roller of that description or quality of iron called "homageneous metal," upon
which the copper covering or engraving surface may be secured or united by
soldering or any other suitable means, "homogeneous metal" being lighter
and more durable than malleable iron. The inner roller may either be hollow
to fit upon a detached mandril, in which instance I form internal ridges or
rings at certain distances apart, as bearing points upon the mandril and
bearing collars at each end of the roller for a like purpose, and provided with
one or two "nibs" at their ends, or, if preferred, the inner portion of the
roller may be made solid, so as to require no separate mandril.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph England at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1857.
I, JOSEPH ENGLAND, of Beverley, in the County of York, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to washing machines which may be used not
only for household purposes and in public laundries, but also in the cleansing
of fibrous materials and fabrics in or previous to the processes of manufacture.
My improved washing machine consists of a rectangular vessel of any
suitable material, in which are placed two vertical frames containing transverse
horizontal rollers capable of moving on their axes. These rollers may be
grooved vertically or they may be plain; between these frames is placed a
third frame fitted with transverse horizontal fixed bars, which may be either
grooved vertically or they may be plain. To this last-mentioned frame an up-
and-down motion is communicated by means of a lever, or in large machines
by means of an axle cranked near the ends of the vessel worked by a hand
winch, and connected with the frame by means of connecting rods. A groove
or guides are employed to retain the middle frame in its proper line of motion,
or any other suitable mechanical means may be employed for the purpose of
giving the requisite motion to the frame. The articles to be washed are

page_text: placed in the vessel on each side of the middle frame between it and the
outer frames, and the washing action is effected by causing that frame to move
up and down by the means aforesaid, so as to rub the articles against the
rollers of the two outer frames. Springs are applied to the two outer frames
in such a way that they are kept pressed up against or towards the middle
frame, or against any articles which are undergoing the operation of washing;
besides being furnished with horizontal bars, the middle frame is furnished
with studs placed on its top rail so as to keep.the articles which are being
washed under the water. These studs are placed opposite to the grooves in
the rollers of the side frames, so that it may be free to move vertically.
In one modification of this machine I employ only one frame with revolving
rollers in addition to the frame which is above called the middle frame, and
which has an up-and-down motion communicated to it. In this case I place
the two frames nearer one end of the rectangular washing vessel than the
other, and the space on that side of the vessel which is opposite to the frame
with the revolving rollers may be used for the purpose of soaking the articles
to be washed previous to the operation of washing. -
I propose to place on part of the top of the vessel a fluted board or cover
which can be removed at pleasure, and this may be employed in the operation
of soaping the articles to be washed.
A wringing machine may be easily combined with this washing machine,
and in that case the middle frame of the washing machine may be moved by
the same train of wheelwork that actuates the wringing machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Whitaker, Alfred Law,
and James Fletcher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd May 1857.
We, EDMUND WHITAKER, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, ALFRED LAW, of Littleborough, in the same County, Woollen Manu-
facturer, and JAMES FLETCHER, of Little Clegg, near Littleborough aforesaid,
Flannel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in a particular construction of cam for
varying the periods of cutting off the steam. Upon a cylindrical surface we
place or form a projecting part or parts, one edge thereof being at an angle
to the axis of rotation; as this cam therefore revolves, different portions of
the said angular line will successively arrive coincident with a stationary line,
and by traversing the cam the said portions may be made to act upon a roller
at varying periods, and thereby communicate motion thro' any usual mechanical
parts to the valve; or the roller may be traversed instead of the cam, and
these traversing motions may be effected by communication with the governor.
Secondly, our Invention consists in an arrangement of cam for cutting off
the steam by the ordinary slide valve in order to work expansively. For this
purpose we place two projections upon a revolving surface, the one of greater

page_text: radius than the other; the lower of these operates upon the valve so as to
close the induction passage, after which the higher comes into operation and
effects the change of the passages. Also, we so arrange the lap of the valve
that the first motion above mentioned will leave the exhaust passage open.
Another point of, novelty in our Invention consists in the employment of a
certain form of valve to be used after the manner of that apparatus known as
expansion valves, for which purpose we employ the same arrangement as is
now used as an ordinary throttle valve.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESSES FOR DETACHING OR SEPARATING CALCAREOUS ROCKS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontainemoreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 21st May 1857.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND Le Comte DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of London, Paris, and
Brussels, Patent Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESSES FOR DETACHING OR SEPARATING
CALCAREOUS ROCKS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The improvements communicated to me consist in drilling in the rock by
means of the ordinary instruments a cylindrical aperture of about six feet in
depth, into which I introduce a sufficient quantity of hydrochloric or other
acid capable of acting on carbonates of lime. The acid dissolves by degrees
the calcareous substances, and forms at the base of the bore a cavity, the
capacity of which depends on the nature and dimensions of the masses to be
detached. This cavity is charged with blasting powder and fired by the
ordinary methods, the result being a thorough disintegration of the mass with
comparatively slight detonation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Watson Pye, of Nottingham, Lace Manu-
facturer, and Thomas Oldknow, of the same Place, Machinist, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BOBBIN
NET OR TWIST LACE."
Sealed the 18th August 1857, and dated the 30th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Watson Pye and
Thomas Oldknow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th May 1857.
We, GEORGE WATSON PIE, of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, and
5 THOMAS OLDKNOW, of the same Place, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BOBBIN
NET OR TWIST LACE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for manu-
facturing bobbin net or twist lace. For these purposes an arrangement of
apparatus is applied in such manner that the landing bars of twist lace
machines may remain at rest whilst the jacquard apparatus and other parts of
the machinery perform their respective motions. Time is also allowed for the

page_text: thick thread bars and the fining bars to do their work more effectually, and so
as to produce better lace. Parts of the machinery are also rendered less liable
to wear and tear.
To accomplish these results the connecting rod is arranged to have no
influence in moving the part to which it is connected whilst the cam crank
is making a certain part of its revolution. For this end there is a slot
formed in the connecting rod, in which the crank pin slides and revolves.
The crank pin has on it a heart-shaped cam, which rotates between two trucks
or rollers carried by the connecting rod, and it is by such means that the action
of the connecting rod is governed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Woofe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1857.
I, WILLIAM WOOFE, of Tetbury, in the County of Gloucester, Agricultural
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in placing behind the coulter, and so as to act upon
the earth being turned over upon the mould board, a toothed roller or
revolving harrow, whereby the earth is pulverized or divided while the
ploughing operation is being performed, and during the formation of the
furrow; also for the better dividing of the earth I fit upon the mould board
one, two, or more blades. In order to diminish the draft of ploughs I mount
a small wheel at the rear end of the sole of the plough, and carry it upon a
slide or small shaft held at the back of the beam of the plough. I fix the
coulters in ploughs by causing the coulter rod to pass through a box or sheath
wherein it is held firmly at the upper part, but is free to play within limits in
the lower part thereof; then by means of two adjusting screws, one on
one side and the other on the opposite side, I regulate the position of the
coulter.

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Woofe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1857.
I, WILLIAM WOOFE, of Tetbury, in the County of Gloucester, Agricultural
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in placing behind the coulter, and so as to act upon
the earth being turned over upon the mould board, a toothed roller or
revolving harrow, whereby the earth is pulverized or divided while the
ploughing operation is being performed, and during the formation of the
furrow; also for the better dividing of the earth I fit upon the mould board
one, two, or more blades. In order to diminish the draft of ploughs I mount
a small wheel at the rear end of the sole of the plough, and carry it upon a
slide or small shaft held at the back of the beam of the plough. I fix the
coulters in ploughs by causing the coulter rod to pass through a box or sheath
wherein it is held firmly at the upper part, but is free to play within limits in
the lower part thereof; then by means of two adjusting screws, one on
one side and the other on the opposite side, I regulate the position of the
coulter.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF. AN ILLUMINATING REFLECTOR OF LIGHT FROM GAS, OIL, OR CANDLE
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pietro Feloj at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October 1857.
I, PIETRO FELOJ, of No. 97, Holborn Hill, in the City of London, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "THE IMPROVEMENT OF.
AN ILLUMINATING REFLECTOR OF LIGHT FROM GAS, OIL, OR CANDLE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the construction of a reflector composed of small
pieces of looking-glass, colored or not, the same to be mounted in tin, copper,
iron, zinc, or any other metal or material. Each piece of glass will thus become
a reflector, and the light will become augmented according to the number of
pieces contained in the reflector; the same may be made so as to act as a
reflector for one or more lights. It is applicable for warehouses, counting-
houses, shops, street lamps, railway signals, coaches, ships, illuminations, and
for all purposes where brilliancy of light is required, and is both economical as
well as ornamental.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SHUTTERS
Year: 1857

page_text: Inis invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with tho
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontainemoreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 28th February 1857.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier,
Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW
SHUTTERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
These improvements consist in constructing window shutters in such a
manner that they may be closed outside the window without opening the
window sash as by the ordinary method. For this purpose a recess is formed
in the wall on each side of the window frame to contain the two shutters when
folded together or closed. Communication is made from the interior of the
apartment with each recess by means of a door formed in the side pannel or
framing of the window. The shutter on each side is formed of four or a
suitable number of parts hinged together, the whole shutter being hung upon
strong hinges fixed to the window frame. Each folding shutter is provided
with a spring catch to secure them together when closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAYING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC CABLES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Theophilus Blakely at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd October 1857.
I, ALEXANDER THEOPHILUS BLAKELY, of Tunbridge Wells, in the County of
Kent, Captain in the Royal Artillery, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAYING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC CABLES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in. attaching to submarine telegraphic cables boards.
or other suitable resisting surfaces, in such manner that they shall be perpen-
dicular or nearly so to the cable as the latter sinks; and I attach these boards
or surfaces to the cable as it leaves the ship. They should be made of such
specific gravity (by binding them with iron, or otherwise) that they shall not
act as buoys to the cable.
A suitable method of attaching these boards to the cable is by means
of pairs of jointed rods, one extremity of each of which nips the cable between
suitable curved plates or otherwise, while the other extremity carries the
boards; but I do not confine myself to this method of connecting the boards, as
many other methods may be adopted.
The resisting surfaces may be of such extent that they will receive either
the whole or any suitable part only of the strain which results from the sinking
of the cable, and which has hitherto been counteracted by friction applied on
board the ship from which the cable is laid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL STONE
Year: 1857

page_text: ULLO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Alexandre Barteau, Gabriel
Guy, and Charles Corroy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st May 1857.
We, PIERRE ALEXANDRE BARTEAU, GABRIEL GUY, and CHARLES CORROY, all
of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL STONE" to be as
follows, and consists in the production of artificial stone from iron slag, bricks,
rabble, and other hard substances of little value, broken in small pieces and
cemented together by a mixture composed of about 20 parts of hydraulic
lime, 30 parts of Roman cement, 10 parts of iron oxide, or iron filings, and 40
parts of rough broken plaster, mixed dry, and then worked up with water to
the consistency of mortar, then put into moulds of any desired form together
with the broken materials before named, in such manner that the latter shall
be well surrounded and become bound by the mortar or cement when dry.
The mould being filled, the dressing or facing of the casting is effected by a
wooden blade. In a few minutes the casting solidifies, and the imitation
stone is produced, and is ready for use for all kinds of building purposes, mill-
stones, &c.
Instead of mixing the broken materials and the cement together in tho

page_text: moulds, artificial stone may be made from the cement alone, and this we con-
sider better for use under water or under ground..
The following is another mixture which we find produces a good artificial
stone, viz.,:.
10 parts unslacked hydraulic lime, sifted ;
24
"
Roman cement, sifted;
966
"
plaster
well mixed dry,
and worked up as in the former case. Colours may be added according to
the article required. This cement mixed with the crushed material produces
an imitation stone very suitable for all uses above ground, and may be moulded
to any form. To bind these stones in building, a liquid mortar of the same
materials as the stones is used, and which becomes equally hard.
:
The annexed Drawings show the construction of the moulds used in
forming the stones. To obtain a plain surface stone with a rib or fillet,
the parts care brought towards each other by the screws D,-and-the-
sides E-of-the-mould-are brought close up to the ends of the parts K
and fixed by the wedges I through holes in the part F. The ends K of the
mould are held in position by the parts J. The mould thus arranged forms a
box without a bottom, the latter being supplied by the bench C when the
mould is placed thereon. Inside the mould are projections G, which produce
the rib or fillet, see Fig. 3, which represents a stone taken from the
mould. The mould being thus arranged, the cement is poured in & the
broken materials added thereto. To remove the stone when dry & hard
from the mould, the wedges are withdrawn & the sides opened out. If
a stone with projecting mouldings be required, patterns are inserted, as shewn
by. H, Fig. 2.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Martin Schwab at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1857.
I, FREDERICK MARTIN SCHWAB, of Carlisle Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in breech-loading fire-arms relates to the
means of securing the barrel when in a position for and ready to be dis-
charged. My Invention is applicable to both single. and double-barrelled guns.
The barrel is open at the breech end, and is mounted on a strong centre
pin, on which it is rotated when it requires loading. By depressing the
muzzle end of the barrel and causing it to turn on its centre, the breech end.
is raised out of its bed, and the open end is exposed, so as to allow a cartridge
to be placed therein. The barrel is then brought again to a horizontal
position, and is secured in that position by means of a rotating catch, which is
caused to enter a notch made in a block attached to and forming part of the
barrel. The holding catch is placed at the end of a lever, by which it is
worked, and it turns on a vertical pin, which is cut out of the solid of the
action plate of the gun. By mounting the rotating catch and its lever on this
solid pin great strength is obtained, and at the same time the weight of the

page_text: gun may be reduced, and it will be more convenient for use. By this mode
of constructing and arranging the parts, the barrel will be held more firmly
and securely than heretofore, and the action or working parts will not be so
liable to derangement or injury from recoil..
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN APPARATUS TO BE ATTACHED TO VEHICLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ACTING AS A CHECK UPON THE DRIVERS OR CONDUCTORS OF SUCH VEHICLES, BY INDICATING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED, AND THE DISTANCE EACH HAS TRAVELLED
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Sherwood and Joseph Blount
Wayne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th April 1857.
We, ISAAC SHERWOOD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Dry-
salter, and JOSEPH BLOUNT WAYNE, of the same Place, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN
APPARATUS TO BE ATTACHED TO VEHICLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ACTING AS A CHECK
UPON THE DRIVERS OR CONDUCTORS OF SUCH VEHICLES, BY INDICATING THE NUMBER
OF PASSENGERS CARRIED, AND THE DISTANCE EACH HAS TRAVELLED," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in fixing upon the back of the nave of one or more
of the wheels of a vehicle, such for instance as a Hansom cab, a small worm
wheel, so that by means of the apparatus, herein-after described, we can obtain
by the revolution of the wheels a power working through a system of wheels,
a disc or dial, upon which disc a pointer or pencil can be made to mark
certain lines or points that will indicate the distanco a passenger may have
travelled. The working parts of the apparatus, when applied to a Hansom
cab, are chiefly contained in the boot under the driver's seat, and under the
passengers' seat is a spring operating when a person sits down upon a pencil
or marker in the boot, lowering such pencil or marker on to a circular sheet
of paper or pasteboard temporarily fixed upon the disc before named; this
disc is caused to revolve horizontally, as before stated, and by the following

page_text: means the worm wheel upon the nave of the running wheel drives a small
pinion fixed upon a rod running back parallel to the side of the cab into the
boot; the bend at the point where it enters the boot is formed of coiled spring
or gutta percha, as a ready means of communicating the motion through the
said bend. The spring then joins a screw or wormed shaft which drives a
pinion on a second wormed shaft at right angles to the first, and this second
shaft imparts the motion to a toothed wheel fixed upon the upright axis on
which the disc is mounted. The papers to be fixed upon the disc are divided
out into segments, the space between each lino being regulated to indicate any
required distance, such as a mile, so that when the pointer or pencil has
marked from one radial line to another a mile has been travelled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dean at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1857.
I, THOMAS DEAN, of Whittle Lane, near Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster Power Loom Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of tho said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
To ease the shuttle or reduce the concussion of it in the box I attach to the
back of the stop-rod finger a spring with a bolt projecting through a slot, so
that the shuttle or swell pressing against the same, the shuttle will be con-
siderably eased and the concussion reduced. And to relieve the concussion of
the picker in the shuttle box I fix a spring under the slay by studs or suitable
fixings, and attach the short check strap or pick saver to the same; the
governing and yielding power of the spring keeping the picker in check
prevents the severe concussion which is now so much complained of.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
To ease the shuttle or reduce the concussion of it in the box I attach to the
back of the stop-rod finger a spring with a bolt projecting through a slot, so
that the shuttle or swell pressing against the same, the shuttle will be con-
siderably eased and the concussion reduced. And to relieve the concussion of
the picker in the shuttle box I fix a spring under the slay by studs or suitable
fixings, and attach the short check strap or pick saver to the same; the
governing and yielding power of the spring keeping the picker in check
prevents the severe concussion which is now so much complained of.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FLUSHING WATER-CLOSETS AND URINALS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1857.
I, WILLIAM BODEN, of Blackwall, Poplar, in the County of Middlesex, Gas-
fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR FLUSHING WATER-CLOSETS AND URINALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a self-acting discharge of a given
quantity of water periodically into the pans of water-closets and urinals. For
this purpose I mount in a case a tumbling bucket, into which water from a
cistern runs at any required rate, regulated by means of a tap, the plug of
which carries an index hand for indicating the rate of the discharge. From
the bottom of the box containing the bucket depends a pipe, which is intended
to guide the water to the pan or other vessel to be cleansed. When water has
accumulated to the required extent in the bucket, it will, by reason of its load,
lose its balance, and tipping over, discharge its contents into the surrounding
case, whence the water will run down the pendent pipe and flow into the pan
or vessel below. When a more frequent periodical flushing is required than
at other times, it will only be necessary to quicken the flow of water, and the
bucket may thus be enabled to discharge its contents any given number of
times in the day.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Robinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1857.
I, RICHARD ROBINSON, of Salford, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING YARNS OR THREADS,"
to be as follows:-
The nature of my said Invention relates to the arrangement and construction
of machinery or apparatus for finishing or polishing yarns or threads, they
having been previously sized or dressed, when necessary, and consists of
arranging two revolving rollers in a frame or standard, one of them moving in
a vertical slot, for the purpose of stretching the yarn to its proper or required
tension. I fix any convenient number of finishing or polishing rollers to work
in contact with the yarn or thread during its continuous motion on the
stretching rollers, the said finishing or polishing rollers being grooved or fluted
in the direction of the revolving yarn, the said grooves serving to carry off any
surplus moisture that may remain in the thread or yarn, as well as to give it
an additional or better finish. I give motion to the said rollers by any suitable
driving gear, as is easily understood by any person conversant with mechanism.
I also cover the said rollers with some anti-corrosive substance, as pottery-
ware, silicate, gutta percha, or any suitable metal or material that will not
corrode; or, if found desirable, they may be made of a similar material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF SULPHUROUS ACID
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Townsend at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th November
1857.
I, JOSEPH TOWNSEND, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF SULPHUROUS ACID,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the effective and economical production of sul-
phurous acid by treating pyrites and sulphates, sulphurets, sulphites, and
hyposulphites of various kinds in a suitable furnace. The furnace is primarily
heated by coal or other fuel in the usual way, and a layer of pyrites is placed
upon the fire, and over this layer is deposited a layer of a sulphate, sulphuret,
sulphite, or hyposulphite. In this system of treatment the combustion of the
pyrites keeps up the heat of the process, and the result is that sulphurous acid
is distilled off in a most effective manner. The sulphates, sulphurets, sulphites,
and hyposulphites preferred for this process are sulphate of soda, the sulphuret
of calcium, the sulphite of lime, and the hyposulphite of lime; but various
sulphates, sulphurets, sulphites, and hyposulphites may be employed.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, AND IN THE INSTRUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Husband at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1857.
I, RICHARD HUSBAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Hat
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS
FOR THE HEAD, AND IN THE INSTRUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE,"
to be as follows:-
1. The substitution of iron or other metal for wood in the blocks employed;
2nd, making blocks hollow instead of solid; 3rd, the application of beat
inside the blocks; 4, making blocks so as that their parts when put together
will adhere to each other without external pressure; and, 5, employing the
improved blocks in old and new processes in making up bodies for and in
finishing hats and other coverings for the head.
AN IMPROVED 'PICKER' TO BE USED IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Armistead at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1857.
I, HENRY ARMISTEAD, of Colne, in the County of Lancaster, Mill Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED 'PICKER'
TO BE USED IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists principally in so forming or constructing the
"picker," that I enabled to impart motion to the "picker" at a point
between the situation of the guide spindle and the part of the "picker" by
which the shuttle is struck. This principle I have adapted or applied in a
novel form of "picker," which works in an upwright position, but moving or
acting in a horizontal direction as usual, and consisting of an outer metallic
tube or frame, the interior of which is filled with wood or other yielding
substance; the guide spindle passes through a hole near the top of such tube,
and the bottom of the tube sliding in the ordinary guide slot in the shuttle
box; the part of the "picker" which strikes the shuttle is recessed through
the metal, so as to present the filling of wood, &c. to the shuttle point, and
motion is given to the said vertical picker by means of a link attached to the
strap from the "picking stick," such link being secured at the point referred to
between the guide spindle and the point of concussion, by which improvements
the picker and shuttle are driven in a more direct manner than heretofore.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FABRIC TO BE USED FOR MANUFACTURING PETTICOATS AND OTHER PARTS OF WOMEN'S DRESS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philippe Roehrig at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1857.
I, PHILIPPE ROEHRIG, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
FABRIC TO BE USED FOR MANUFACTURING PETTICOATS AND OTHER PARTS OF WOMEN'S
DRESS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the formation of a new material composed of the
fibres and of the stalks of the genus "palm tree," gallingale," "reed," or
"cane," &c., whether indigenous or exotic; these stalks are divided into fibres
or ligneous filaments of greater or less substance, and subsequently woven with
flax, hemp, wool, cotton, silk, horsehair, or other suitable material, whereby a
light elastic resisting fabric is produced, which I use in the manufacture of
distending petticoats, and other analogous parts of women's dress, being suitably
cut or shaped, and formed for that purpose.
I
This material washes, and is otherwise well suited for the purpose.
prefer to employ the matting formed of the palm tree, which is usually
imported as coverings for sugars and coffees. The vegetable matters are
reduced to fibres or filaments, either by hand or other means, then washed
and bleached, and lastly woven by means of a loom.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FLOATING VESSELS OR OTHER HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Hogarth, of 1, Adelphi Terrace, Strand, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FLOATING VESSELS
OR OTHER HEAVY BODIES."
Sealed the 3rd November 1857, and dated the 6th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Hogarth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1857.
I, HENRY HOGARTH, of 1, Adelphi Terrace, Strand, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND
FLOATING VESSELS OR OTHER HEAVY BODIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the raising of submerged ships and other vessels
and bodies, for the purpose of more securely and safely floating and removing
them. For this purpose I employ cylinders or other hollow air-tight vessels
of sufficient capacity, fitted with inlet and outlet valves, and by suitable con-
nections with pumping apparatus. I place these over or alongside the object
or body to be raised, having first by the admission of water sunk them in their
proper position, and securely attached them by means of suitable chains and
slings. I then displace or drive out the water to the extent requisite, and thus
obtain the necessary amount of flotative or buoyant power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRINTING
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Irotection,
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Mason and Thomas Markland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
17th December 1857.
We, MARK MASON, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Machine
Maker, and THOMAS MARKLAND, of Newton, near Hyde, in the same County,
Warp Dresser, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to machinery or apparatus applicable to printing. rail-
way tickets, postage impressions on letters, defacing the postage stamps on the
same, printing cards and small devices on paper, leather, and similar materials,
and which consists of a roller revolving on its axis, with a part of it covered
with caoutchouc or some yielding elastic material, the said roller being turned
by an endless band or chain; over the said roller we have a cylinder con-
taining the type or device to be impressed, containing the necessary inking
apparatus, and above that a vessel formed so as to constitute a self-acting
feeder to supply the type or device with ink.