matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
PAVING FOR ROADS AND FOOTWAYS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kyte Collett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1876.
JOHN KYTE COLLETT, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan.
IN PAVING FOR ROADS AND FOOTWAYS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention has for its ultimate object the improvement in the pavement of
roads and footways so as to increase the durability of such pavement, and render
its surface less slippery when inoist. This I propose to effect by the use of wood,
iron, asphalte, tar, pitch, and gravel, in two ways, as follows, the immediate object
being to produce a surface partly of wood and partly of asphalte, or tar or pitch
combined with gravel or other similar substances:-
:-
In the first place I propose to prevent the crushing effect upon wood produced
by the passing of heavy loads over its surface by making the wooden blocks circular,
and by binding each one with a band, ring, or ferrule of iron hooping, either
galvanized or otherwise, of about an inch and a half, more or less, in width, and placed
around and at or near its top edge. The blocks so bound are placed in rows upon a
bed of concrete in the usual way, and the interstices filled with asphalte, or with
gravel, stones, clinkers, or other similar material, and tar or melted pitch. The
blocks are formed with the grain in the direction of the axis of the blocks or prisms.
In the second place I propose to make the pavement by using blocks of wood bound
or otherwise, and either circular, square, or of any other convenient form placed in
rows alternating with rows of asphalte or pitch, or tar and gravel, or other similar
substances, the rows boing laid at right angles to the road, or by preference
longitudinally with it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR SEWING MACHINES, FURNITURE, AND SUCH LIKE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1876. A communication from abroad
by Lewis Peter Lawrence, of Port Morris, State of New Jersey, United States
of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents, of
67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS
FOR SEWING MACHINES, FURNITURE, AND SUCH LIKE" A communication from
abroad by Lewis Peter Lawrence, of Port Morris, State of New Jersey, United
States of America.
My Invention consists in providing a simple brake to the wheels of castors, and in
rendering such wheels instantaneously loose or stationary, as desired, by means of
slotted hubs or lugs formed on or fixed to the wheel to be acted on by a brake
mounted on a stem and spring and formed with two or more hooked prongs extend-
ing over the slotted hubs of the wheel and capable of being inserted therein or
withdrawn therefrom by a thumb screw or other convenient means. The improve-
ments may be performed by making the various parts of metal proportioned to
the size of the wheel of the castor and weight of the furniture. The improvements
will be found specially adapted for sewing machines which, though thus made easily
moveable, require a steady base when in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS IN WHICH STONES ARE EMPLOYED
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brice Bell at the Oflice of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1876.
JOHN BRICE BELL, of Highfield House, Somerly, Grantham, in the County of
Lincoln. IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS IN WHICH STONES ARE EMPLOYED."
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in mills in which stones are
employed.
At the present time in mills in which stones are employed the meal is discharged
from between the millstones on to the stationary bottom of the casing in which the
stones are enclosed, and it is then carried round by a travelling scraper to the shoot
by which the meal is delivered.
Now according to my Invention I cause the meal to be delivered on to a moving
ring surrounding the lower stone, and this ring I cause to rotate so that it carries
round the meal lying upon it to the shoot. When it arrives at this point a fixed
scraper discharges the incal from the ring into the shoot.
When using a carrying
ring in this manner I am able to leave the upper stone uncased.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FISHING ROD ATTACHMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Adolphus Holroyd, of Gracechurch Street, in tho
County of Middlesex, Fishing Tackle Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FISHING ROD ATTACHMENTS."
Sealed the 28th October 1876, and dated the 29th April 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Adolphus Holroyd
at the Office of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1876. .
EDMUND ADOLPHUS HOLROYD, of Gracechurch Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Fishing Tackle Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FISHING ROD ATTACHMENTS."
The improvements relate to the plug or joint fitting attachments of fishing rods,
and consist in forming said fittings in the usual way with the addition to the
lower end ferule of a projecting collar and scrowed spigot, both situated at the
upper part of such lower end ferule. Also in forming the upper ferule with an
enlarged screwed socket to receive and hold the lower ferule and its screwed spigot
as above described, and so forming an air and water-tight joint when the lower and
upper ferule are fixed together. The improvements can be best performed by
making the various parts of metal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edmund Adolphus Holroyd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th October 1876.
EDMUND ADOLPHUS HOLROYD, of Gracechurch Strect, in the County of Middlesex,
Fishing Tackle Maker.. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FISHING ROD ATTACHMENTS."
The improvements relate to the plug or joint fitting attachments of fishing rods,
and consist in forming said fittings in the usual way with the addition to the lower
end ferule of a projecting collar and screwed spigot, both situated at the upper.
part or top of such lower end ferule. Also in forming the upper ferule with an
enlarged screwed socket to receive and hold the lower ferule and its screwed spigot
as above described, and so forming an air and water-tight joint when the lower and
upper ferule are fixed together.

page_text: The improvements can best be performed by making the various parts of metal,
and are so illustrated in the nccompanying Sheet of Drawing, in which A represents
the projecting collar and B the screwed spigot on the upper end ferule which fit
and screw into the enlarged socket C of the lower end ferule, and so attaches them
both firmly together.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Adolphus Holroyd, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
E. A. HOLROYD. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR PREVENTING INJURY TO THE WRIST OR FORE ARM IN FALLING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1876.
CHARLES HENRY CLARK, of Grove Road, Kingston-on-Thames, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR PREVENTING INJURY TO THE WRIST OR
FORE ARM IN FALLING."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for preventing injury to
the wrist or fore arm in falling. For this purpose I employ a cuff, gauntlet, or
bandage, capable of being securely bound or fastened around the wrist or fore arm
by means of straps or other suitable fastening means. This gauntlet, cuff, or
'bandage, has enclosed therein or attached thereto a lever, rod, or bar, which may
be made of any suitable material, and may be padded to ensure comfort in use.
This lever, rod, or bar may be made of any convenient and suitable width, but the
length is so proportioned that one end thereof shall extend to the palm of the hand,
and beyond the gauntlet, cuff, or bandage, whilst the other end extends about half
way up the fore arm and is secured thereto. By these means when falling on the
hands, the projecting end of the lever, rod, or bar will come in contact with the
ground, and by its leverage will throw the strain towards its other end, that is to
say, from the wrist on to or near the centre or muscles of the fore arm, and thereby
prevent injury to the wrist or fore arm in falling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sheldon and William Charles Stiff
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1876.
JOHN SHELDON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist, and
WILLIAM CHARLES STIFF, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Merchant and Manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
60
Our said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in roller
skates, by which improvements the manufacture of the said roller skates is simplified,
and great strength combined with lightness secured.
Roller skates made according to our Invention have a very elegant appearance,
and besides the advantages already enumerated are free from a defect much
complained of in ordinary roller skates as herein-after explained.
Instead of making the roller skate of a wooden sole to which metallic brackets
for carrying the oblique supports of the roller axes are connected by screws we
make the sole of the skate of metal, and by preference by the casting process, and
the said brackets are formed in one piece with the said sole. In consequence of the
said brackets being solid to or in one piece with the sole of the roller skate, great
strength in this part of the roller skate which is severely tried during the use of the
roller skate is secured. This method of construction renders unnecessary the screws
or fastenings by which the brackets are connected to the sole in roller skates of the
ordinary construction.
We provide the forked bearing by which the spring presses upon the axes of the
rollers to restore them to their normal position with a stem or shank working in a
tube or barrel, around which tube or barrel the spring is situated. A screw entering
the said barrel from the upper side of the sole serves as a stop to limit the motion of
the said stem. The axis of the rollers and the oblique axis or support carrying it
we make of one cruciform piece of steel, thereby securing great strength and at the
same time bringing the axis of the rollers nearer the sole than usual, thus giving
great stability or less liability in the skate to tilt than in skates of the ordinary
construction.
The making of the sole of metal instead of wood facilitates the production of
various ornamental patterns of the said roller skates, and gives to the roller skates a
light and neat appearance.
Instead of securing the rollers on the axes by means of washers fixed by wire

page_text: cotters as in the ordinary method of construction, we secure the rollers by means of
convex or rounded bushes. These bushes fit on the ends of the axes bearing against
shoulders thereon. The end of the axis is made of an angular or other figure which
prevents the bush which has a hole of a corresponding figure turning on the axis.
The bushes are fixed by means of screws taking into the ends of the axes.
These
bushes give lateral support to the rollers, and from their rounded figure have no
tendency to catch in and tear ladies' dresses as the ordinary wire cotters have.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR FOR PLATING SHIPS, FORTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES, WHICH CONSIST IN THE USE OF WATER OR ANY LIQUID OR FLUID AS A PACKING FOR ARMOUR PLATES OF STEEL, IRON, OR BOTH, OR OTHER METAL OR METALS OR MATERIALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Armytage Bakewell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1876.
ARMYTAGE BAKEWELL, of 7, Hamilton Terrace, Hendon, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR FOR PLATING SHIPS, FORTS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR STRUCTURES, WHICH CONSIST IN THE USE OF WATER OR ANY LIQUID OR
FLUID AS A PACKING FOR ARMOUR PLATES OF STEEL, IRON, OR BOTH, OR OTHER
METAL OR METALS OR MATERIALS."
My Invention consists of the use of water or any liquid or fluid, separately or in
combination, as a packing for armour plates of steel, iron, or both, or other metal or
materials, the plates being so constructed as to be in fact closed water-tight or air-
tight tanks, which can be filled and emptied by means of suitable pumps. It is
essential that means be taken to ensure that these plates or tanks are completely
filled with water. By this Invention the same weight of metal has a largely
increased power of resistance. Further, when the tanks are not in use as armour
they can be filled with air by any known and usual method and sealed, assisting
the buoyancy of a vessel.
I- PROVEMENTS IN INDICATING DISTANCES TRAVELLED BY TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES, AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Me Whinnie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1870.
JOHN MC WHINNIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "I-
PROVEMENTS IN INDICATING DISTANCES TRAVELLED BY TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES,
AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
"
This Invention which relates to a means for indicating the distance travelled by
tramway cars or other vehicles, from the point at which passengers enter the same,
to the point at which they leave the same, has for its object to enable passengers to
detect at once such distance, so that they may know the correct amount to pay for
the distance travelled, thereby preventing the possibility of fraud being practised
on them by guards or conductors which the existing system of payment of fares
without passengers knowing the distance travelled facilitates.
The Invention consists in gearing to the axle of or driving by one of the wheels
of a tramway car or other vehicle a pitch chain. This pitch chain gears into a
pitch wheel upon an intermediate shaft, to which is connected gearing which
slowly rotates a disc or dial with divisions thereon for showing the distance
travelled. A pointer is situated in front of the disc or dial, by which as the disc or
dial rotates the distances are pointed out, and this finger or pointer has an eccentric
or the equivalent thereof attached to it, which by being turned round lifts the disc
or dial out of gear with the mechanism by which it is driven when required.
By means of this apparatus a passenger entering a tramway car observing the
position of the disc or dial at the time of entrance, and observing the position
at the time of exit knows thereby the distance in miles or fractions of a mile
travelled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEAVY AND LIGHT ORDNANCE, AND THEIR PLATFORMS AND BEDS FOR FIXING, LOADING, AND WORKING the SAME, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO SMALL ARMS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Clarkson at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1876.
THOMAS CHARLES CLARKSON, Manufacturer, Hill House, Gordon Road, Peckham,
in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEAVY AND LIGHT ORDNANCE,
AND THEIR PLATFORMS AND BEDS FOR FIXING, LOADING, AND WORKING the
SAME, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO SMALL ARMS."
The improvements I have made in my Invention in ordnance, which I patented
in 1864, Jany. 23rd, No. 182, consists:-
"
First. In making heavy and light ordnance square at the breech, one-third or
one-half the length of the gun more or less," instead of turning the gun round the
full length in the ordinary way. By leaving the breech part square, I not only get
greater strength at the breech in which to chamber the gun, but the squaring gives
the gun the advantage of forming its own carriage, doing away with the present
heavy, expensive, and cumbersome carriage; the squaring also admits of applying
hydraulic power to work, load, elivate, depress, revolve; and when in combination
with my platform or bed of my patent cork material with wood or iron or other
metal surface, the concussion and recoil of the gun is completely absorbed, which
avoids the present destructive recoil.
The second part of my improvements consist in making the present round
ordnance square at the breech, by either welding on coils of iron, or by casting on
iron or other metal on the breech or body part of the gun, by which addition greater
strength is attained as described in the first part of my improvements.
IM- PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR WEAVING WIRE GAUZE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Johnson and William
Armitage, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th
August 1876.
WILLIAM HENRY JOHNSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Iron
Merchant, and WILLIAM ARMITAGE, junior, of the same Place, Merchant.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR WEAVING WIRE GAUZE."
Our Invention consists,-
Firstly. In a method of preventing the liability which now takes place of the
weft wire forming permanent kinks, for which purpose we cause it to pass from
the nose of the spool between two rollers carried by the shuttle, which thus prevent
it from coming in contact with any sharp corners.
Secondly. We keep the weft properly distended by means of a spiral spring
situate diagonally across the shuttle, and when the tongue is put down the spool
presses upon the said spring which winds partly around it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edmund Green at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1876.
CHARLES EDMUND GREEN, of 13, Blandford Street, Portman Square, and ROBERT
GREEN, of Milton Lodge, Ladbrooke Terrace, Notting Hill, both in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
This Invention refers to breech-loading fire-arms, and consists in improvements in
the breech-loading rifle known as Green's Patent breech-loading rifle, and for which
Letters Patent were granted to me, the said Charles Edmund Green and John Green,
dated 9th January 1871, No. 49.
Firstly. We elongate the shoe and strap of the rifle at the rear, through which the
hammer works the bolt, having a projection covering the hammer and fitting on the
strap of the shoe, thereby preserving the lock from wet or dirt, the bolt being bored
in a line from the axis of the barrel to the under part of the back covering and
terminating in a slot into which the striking part of the tumbler fits and secures the
holt in its place when fired, and which is released by half cocking the lock for re-
loading, which is done by a lever on the left side; the bolt or piston has a lump which
revolves for locking purposes.
Second. Our Invention further consists in improvements in the lock in combination
with the aforesaid action, and which lock is placed on an under plate consisting of
trigger, tumbler, swivel, and main spring. The tumbler is made with a hollow axle
secured by the bridle to a projecting part of the under plate. The lock is worked by a
rod connected with the cocking lever and passing through the square in the axle of
the tumbler and secured in its place by pin turning in a slot on the opposite side.
The under plate is made the whole length of the shoe, adding greatly to the strength
of the arm as the whole is bolted together by screws in each end into the shoc
of the action. The stop for the bolt also works through the under plate in front
of the trigger guard, and worked by a screw or spring.
The claims of this rifle are, extreme simplicity, strength, safety, and economy. The
breech action consists of six solid parts or limbs, viz., shoe, bolt, cover, striker,
and bolt pin; lock, four parts, viz., hammer, flat main spring, key, and bridle;
trigger forming sear, trigger plate forming lock plate, main spring acting as sear
spring.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RAISING HEAVY WEIGHTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1876. A communication
from abroad by Thomas Thomson, of Bluff Harbor, Otago, New Zealand,
Harbor Master.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RAISING HEAVY
WEIGHTS." A communication.
This Invention of an improved method of raising heavy weights consists in
canting the weight from side to side, supporting it alternately on one or two points
near to and on either side of the centre, but not so far as to make it unsteady, and
then building up or raising the support underneath it on the higher side, so that on
power being applied to the weight to be raised or to its lever, the built up or raised
side would form a fulcrum for it to work upon. As soon as the weight is canted to
its opposite side the same process must be repeated, so that each side will alternately
become the higher of the two.
Instead of being built up the supports in some instances have pawls attached
to them to fit into the teeth of vertical ratchets, so that the increased height
obtained by the canting of the weight from side to side might be thereby retained.
IMPROVED SPRAY PRODUCING APPARATUS FOR USE IN DECOMPOSING WATER FOR FUEL
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1876. A communication
from abroad by Mrs. Mary Abigal Lake and Milton Wyatt Hazelton, both of
Chicago, in the County of Cook, and State of Illinois, United States of
America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVED SPRAY PRODUCING APPARATUS FOR USE IN
DECOMPOSING WATER FOR FUEL."
This Invention consists of a tight ash pan under the fire-grate, into which an air
pipe from a fan blower and a water pipe enter below holes of couical form in the
grate for developing water into spray through the holes into the fire above, so that
it will contract by the compression of the air in the narrow portion of the holes,
and expand on emerging from the holes so as to break up the particles already
broken to a certain degree in the pan below, and thus make it more sensitive
to the heat and capable of more instantaneous decomposition for burning the
hydrogen gas thereby developed along with fine coal and other like fuel not suitable
for burning alone.
The rear end of the pan is curved to facilitate the circulation of the air in the
pan for the better development of the spray, and another blast of air may be
applied in case of need by means of a perforated pipe entering the pan.
The fine coal burning on the top of the grate at a temperature of, say two
thousand degrees of heat, will receive these fiue particles of water, which will
thereby be instantly raised say, from sixty degrees to fifteen hundred or two
thousand, and expanded seventeen hundred times, which sudden changes for the
moment separate the gases and place them in condition to cause the heat in the
coal to consume the oxygen in maintaining combustion, and at the same time
the hydrogen gas will mix with the air supplied by the blower and will be
consumed.
IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE PRESERVATION OF THE ORIGINAL FORM OF TROUSERS AND OTHER GARMENTS, AND TO THE PREVENTION OF WHAT IS KNOWN AS 'BAGGING
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Dredge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1876.
FREDERICK DREDGE, of 62, Pitfield Street, Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE PRESERVATION OF THE
ORIGINAL FORM OF TROUSERS AND OTHER GARMENTS, AND TO THE PREVENTION OF
WHAT IS KNOWN AS 'BAGGING."
"
The object of my Invention is to preserve their original form to trousers and
other garments, and especially to prevent in the case of trousers what is known as
bagging" at the knees.
The apparatus is composed of four parallel pieces of wood fitted with four thumb-
screws, and six metal eyelet holes; an iron weight, and two pieces of cord. The two
upper pieces of wood are of equal lengths, say, about one foot seven inches, of equal
breadth, say, about one inch and a half, and of equal thickness, say, about one-half
of an inch. At each of the four ends a brass plate is inserted in the wood at a half
inch from the ends to allow a thumbscrew which works through them to draw each
piece of wood close together. On the top edge and at one inch and a half from
each end a metal eyelet hole is inserted to allow a cord about one-eighth of an inch
thick and three feet four inches long to run through the said eyelet holes. The two
lower pieces of wood are also of equal lengths, say, about one foot two inches, of
equal breadth, say, about one inch and a half, and of equal thickness, say, about
one-half of an inch At each of the four ends a metal plate is inserted in the wood
at a half inch from the ends to allow a thumbscrew which works through them to
draw each piece of wood close together. On the bottom edge in the centre of each
piece of wood a metal eyelet hole is inserted to allow a cord about one-eighth of an
inch thick and two feet long, which is doubled; one end is fitted in one of the said
eyelet holes, and at the other end a hook is fitted to fit or hook on the other said
eyelet hole; to this cord the weight is suspended. The iron weight is oblong, and
weighs about twelve pounds.
The top of the trousers is fitted into the two longest pieces of wood and suspended
by the cord, the bottoms are fitted into the two shorter pieces, and the weight is
attached to the cord. The operation of the weight causes all plaits, creases, and
'bagging" to disappear.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TELL- TALE' OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING WORKMEN'S TIME IN PUBLIC WORKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shepherd and William
Maxwell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February
1870.
WILLIAM SHEPHERD, Engineer, and WILLIAM MAXWELL, Mechanic, both of
Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain. "A NEW OR IMPROVED TELL-
TALE' OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING WORKMEN'S TIME IN PUBLIC WORKS."
This Invention relates to a new or improved construction of apparatus for
checking workmen's time, specially applicable for showing the time of their arrival
at work in a simple and efficient manner to prevent disputes between workmen and
timekeepers; and the nature and novelty of the Invention consist in forming a
deep narrow rectangular box, with several compartments over each other, closed
with lids hinged near the back, each lid being narrower than and capable of being
opened through the aperture closed by the one above it, these lids when folded
down forming the bottoms of the respective compartments. The lid in the box has
a slit in the centre like that of a money box, through which the men drop their
numbered tickets as they arrive at work. In the morning the whole of the lids are
set open by the attendant, and leld there at a slight angle by small spring catches
working through slots in one end of the box, which is in the form of a partition
dividing it off from an adjoining compartment in which the clockwork is placed, the
dial and hands of which may if desired show outside of that compartment, so that
the workmen also can see the time of their arrival.
When the men's time has to be checked by periods of, say, a quarter of an hour
cach, those arriving within the period of grace generally allowed (say five minutes)
their tickets fall direct to the bottom compartment. A spindle with pins or a
barrel or disc with projections or notches driven regularly or intermittently by the
clockwork, as say from the hour motion shaft, intermittently relieves the spring
catches in succession at the desired periods corresponding to the regulation of the
pins, projections, or notches on the spindle barrel or disc, substantially in an equi-
valent manner to the striking and alarm mechanism of ordinary clocks, thus the
moment after the period of grace the spring catch of the lowest lid would be
released by the said spindle and pins or mechanism for that purpose, and fall and
close its aperture, so that the tickets of the men arriving after that period would
fall into the second lowest compartment for the following quarter of an hour, when
Price 2dr

page_text: the releasing mechanism would again act and release the retaining spring catch of
the lid of the second compartment, which would then fall and close its aperture, so
that the tickets of the men arriving after this would fall for the next quarter of an
hour or period into the third compartment, and so on in succession for as many
compartments and periods as required for the particular work or circumstances
where the apparatus may be used.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Budd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1876.
GEORGE BUDD, of Redwalls, Dartmouth, in the County of Devon. "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
My Invention relates to an improved construction of umbrellas and parasols, in
such manner that the act of raising the umbrella over the head causes the same to
expand, and the act of lowering the umbrella causes it to close. For this purpose
the stretchers are hinged to a tubular stick near its one end, while the ribs are
hinged to the same end of a second stick, which is situated inside the tube and can
slide to and fro in the same. On lowering this end of the combined stick and tube
the former will by its own weight slide out of the lower end of the tube, whereby
the ribs and stretchers are brought close up against the stick, thus closing the
umbrella. When the parts are in this position a spring catch near the handle
retains them so. For opening the umbrella the catch is released by the pressure of
the finger, and the umbrella is raised so as to cause the stick to slide down into the
tube. The points of connection of the ribs are stretchers to the stick and tube
being thus made to approach each other, they are expanded, and the umbrella is
thus opened out in which condition it is retained by the spring catch until it is
again desired to close it. The ribs are by preference made with a slight permanent
bend outwards, so as to facilitate the opening out of the parts, such bend being
easily straightened out when the umbrella is folded up and secured by the usual
band.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROOFING FELT OR OF MATERIAL SUITABLE TO BE EMPLOYED FOR LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oswald Brooke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1876.
OSWALD BROOKE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer of
Brattice Cloth. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROOFING FELT OR OF
MATERIAL SUITABLE TO BE EMPLOYED FOR LIKE PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to the material principally employed as a covering for
roofs and known as roofing felt, and has for its principal object to increase the
durability of such material or to produce a material of greater durability. To this
end I employ a woven fabric of a suitable strength and made of suitable materials,
as for example, I may employ a fabric similar to the fabric employed in the manu-
facture of brattice cloths, and I coat or treat such fabric with a composition or
mixture of asphalt, tar, bitumen, or other similar matter, or mixtures of similar
matters, and of pulverised or sifted slate, stone, chalk, cinders, ashes, sand, or
similar substances, or mixtures of two or more of such substances. By way of
example I will state that I may use as one composition a mixture of about three
parts of finely pulverised slate and one part of asphalt or bituminous matter. The
composition may be applied in any suitable manner, as for example, the composition
may be made in or placed in a heated pan, into which the woven fabric is passed,
being drawn under à roller immersed in the composition so as to be permeated and
coated with the composition. The coating may be regulated by the operation of
doctor blades, or scrapers, or by other means, and the fabric may then be passed
through a bath of cold water preparatory to the operation of rolling between steel
rollers.
In some cases, or, if preferred, in any case, the fabric niay be treated with tar or
with a preservative preparation before receiving the coating of composition.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION FOR THE PURPOSE OF DESTROYING VERMIN
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Baruch Wabl at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1876.
BARUCH WAHL, of the Firm, Paul Samuel and Co., of Boulevard Saint Denis,
No. 1, at Paris, Chemists. "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION
FOR THE PURPOSE OF DESTROYING VERMIN."
This Invention has for object the preparation of a new "vermin killer" or
product for the destruction of rodent animals, to which by reason of the form in
which it is preferably made up for commerce we call "poison figs."
In the production of this article I proceed as follows:-In a copper pan of desired
form about 4 lbs. of lard of good quality is set to melt over a fire, and when the
mass is well melted there is thrown in by small quantities about 22 lbs. of white
arsenic, powdered, and the mixture is kept constantly stirred with a wooden spoon.
When the 22 lbs. of arsenic has been thus diluted in the melted lard about 4 lbs.
of molasses is added, and the mixture is continued to be stirred; and, lastly, about
4 lbs. of maize flour is added, the whole being then thoroughly mixed and incorpo-
rated so as to obtain a perfectly homogeneous mass. The compound thus prepared
is left to stand for from twenty-four to thirty-six hours to thicken, after which the
pastey mass is by the hands or moulds made up into pellets of about the size of a
walnut, to which any desired form is given, such as of a fig, for instance. The
pellets thus made are placed upon gratings and exposed to the air to dry, and when
this is completed, that is to say, in about 10 or 12 hours, the said "figs" are packed
in boxes ready for sale.
It will be understood from the foregoing description that the arsenic alone is the
destroying agent and the other materials, that is the lard, molasses, and maize flour,
serves to allure and at the same time to give the mass the necessary pastey
consistancy.
The "poison figs" thus prepared are freely placed in the holes where the vermin
live to destroy them, or better still in paths or places where they are known to
pass. The same "fig" may successively kill any number of rats without it being
necessary to change its place, nor is it necessary to give it any further preparation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Beral Bertram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1876.
LEOPOLD BERAL BERTRAM, of Park Road, New Wandsworth, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES."
My Invention relates to wheel or roller skates, and its object is the construction
of such skates with more effectual means than heretofore for permitting the
turning or guiding of them in any desired direction upon the skating floor or
surface.
According to the said Invention I mount the wheels or rollers in swiveling
frames in which their journals turn freely, and which frames have journals or pivots
at their ends whereby they are supported with a capability of swinging or oscil-
lating laterally in bearings or brackets. The latter are placed in line with each
other, one under the heel and the other under the front part of the footstock, and
each of them is pivoted at its outer end to the same in such a manner that it can
turn laterally on its pivot to either side of its central position. The pivots or
journals of the swinging frames carrying the rollers are supported in the ends of
these brackets; the said ends properly shaped to receive the said journals which
are preferably kept in place therein by caps screwed or riveted over them on their
ends. The inner ends of the said brackets are provided with guides to keep them
properly in place. The said brackets are also connected to each other at their
inner ends by a flat spring, which is so arranged and has such stiffness or tension
as will ensure the keeping of the said brackets or rollers in the central position,
except when the skate is subjected to lateral horizontal pressure to one side or
the other. The skater produces this pressure by the turning of his foot in a hori-
zontal plane and not in anywise by tilting or depressing the boot stock. And the
effect of this lateral horizontal pressure is to cause the aforesaid brackets to turn
on their pivots, the reby causing the wheels to assume an angular position to each
other. The aforesaid swiveling frame, whereby the wheels or rollers are supported,
in the said brackets allow the said wheels or rollers to remain in a vertical position
and in proper contact with the floor or surface, while the footstock follows the
angle of inclination naturally assumed by the skater while moving in a curvelinear
direction. On the cessation of the lateral pressure on the footstock the said spring
causes the wheels and brackets to resume their normal or central position, and the
77

page_text: skate to move in a straighter line till again directed to either side by the pressure
of the foot of the skater.
The action of this skate will be very free, as the parts are arranged in the most
advantageous position to give the utmost effect to the lateral or turning motion
impressed upon them, while the spring prevents undue slackness and too great an
extent of movement. Moreover, the necessity for the awkward and, fatiguing action
of bending, the ankles to depress the skate on either side for guiding the same is
obviated.
IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING THE MOUTHS OF GRAIN AND OTHER BAGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1876. A communication
from abroad by John Edward Walsh, Henry Redden, and Peter Henry Walsh,
all of the City, County, and State of New York, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING THE MOUTHS OF GRAIN
AND OTHER BAGS."
The object of this Invention is to furnish an improvement in securing the mouths
of grain and other bags in such a way that the mouths of the bags cannot gape or
leak, and by which the necessity of sewing the mouths of the bags every time they
are filled will be avoided.
The Invention consists in a funnel shaped collar having its end sewed into the
mouth of the bag a little within its edge to adapt it to be folded and rolled up
within said mouth, and in the combination of strings with the mouth of the bag
and with the funnel shaped collar, as herein-after fully described.
The body of the bag has lugs formed upon its corners in the usual way. In the
mouth of the bag at a little distance within its edges is sewed a funnel shaped or
flaring collar, through which the bag is filled and emptied, and the side edges of
which for a little distance from their upper ends are left unsewed, so that they can be
readily turned over for convenience in filling the bag. When the bag has been
filled the sides of the collar are brought together, and the corners are folded down.
The folded collar is then rolled together until it is within the mouth of the bag, and
the rolled collar is secured in place by strings, two of which are used with each
bag. One end of the string is secured to one side of the mouth of the bag above
the inner edges of the collar. The strings are passed over the mouth of the bag, in
through its other side, and out through the middle part of said edge, the free ends
of the strings being upon the opposite sides of the bag.
The strings should have knots formed upon their outer ends to prevent them
from being drawn in. After the collar has been rolled up within the mouth of the
bag the strings are drawn, which closes the mouth of the bag, so that the said rolled
up collar cannot get out of said mouth until the strings are again loosened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert Edwin Willis, of 260, Euston Road, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert Edwin Willis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1876.
HERBERT EDWIN WILLIS, of 260, Euston Road, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS."
This Invention has for its object Improvements in Lamps. At the present time
lamps to burn liquid hydrocarbons, such as paraffin oil, are commonly made with one
single or two parallel flat wicks, and a cap with corresponding slits concentrating
the air on the flames; but such lamps have the disadvantage that the light is not
thrown by them equally on all sides, but is more intense on the sides which the
wicks face. Now I obviate this objection by employing three flat wicks arranged
in a triangular form, and the burner is provided with a cap having three corres-
ponding slits. Thus an equal or practically equal light all round is obtained, for in
no direction is the light thrown limited to that emitted from the edges of the flat
flames, and therefore a much more powerful light is obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Herbert Edwin Willis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th
June 1877.
HERBERT EDWIN WILLIS, of 260, Euston Road, London.
LAMPS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object Improvements in Lamps. At the present time
lamps to burn liquid hydrocarbons, such as paraffin oil, are commonly made with
one single or two parallel flat wicks, and a cap with corresponding slits con-
centrating the air on the flames; but such lamps have the disadvantage that the
light is not thrown by them equally on all sides, but is more intense on the sides
which the wicks face.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ALARM SIGNAL APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Peter Cherry and Charles
Edwin Cherry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th
February 1876.
WALTER PETER CHERRY and CHARLES EDWIN CHERRY, both of Porter Street,
Hull, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ALARM SIGNAL APPARATUS FOR
THE PREVENTION OF COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS."
This Invention consists of a tube to be fixed along the up and down line of
railways, terminating at each station. Air pumps and aların whistles or similar
appliances are fixed on the tube at equal distances from each other, so as when a
train breaks down on the line, or is behind time and being compelled to shunt, any
of the railway officials can work the nearest pump, which forces air through the
tubes to the whistles and gives alarm to the drivers or guards of any approaching
trains either up or down the line, and thus prevents collision.
The whistles or smaller appliances can be sounded to one station only if desired
by fixing stop valves in the tubes near the air pumps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING VELVET AND OTHER PILED FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Bélicard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1876.
JULES BÉLICARD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING VELVET AND OTHER PILED FABRICS."
This Invention relates principally to improvements upon the cutting apparatus
described in the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me and dated 10th
June 1874, No. 2014, but the said Invention is also applicable for cutting or severing
the pile threads in any other loom wherein two pieces are woven face to face and
united together by the pile threads which upon being severed form two perfect pieces
of velvet or other piled fabric.
I use the grooved rail extending across the loom as described, but instead of
having only one knife traversing to and fro I have (say) four knives mounted upon
a circular plate or wheel, which is capable of revolving on a stud carried by a slide
running in the grooved rail.
This plate or wheel is provided with as many notches or projections as there are
knives (say four), and fixed to the loom frame at one side is a corresponding catch,
which is thrown into or out of gear with the notches or projections on the plate at
certain definite intervals by means of a cam or otherwise. The consequence is, that
whenever the catch is thrown into gear (say every fourth traverse of the knife) the
plate or wheel is caused to make one fourth of a revolution and thus to bring a
fresh knife into operation; the opposite knife, which is out of operation, is at the
same time in process of being sharpened by passing over, under, or between Turkey
stones or other suitable sharpening material or composition as the slide passes to
and fro.
In a modification of this Invention the knife is made in the form of a circular
plate or disc with a continuous sharp edge, and is attached to a small toothed wheel
which gears into a long toothed rack fixed to the grooved rail, and the consequence
is that as the slide travels to and fro the circular knife is caused to revolve rapidly,
first in one direction and then in the other, whilst its edge is constantly being
sharpened by revolving between two Turkey stones or other sharpening material or
composition as before.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL GRINDING STONE, AND IN APPARATUS OR MECHANISM USED THEREWITH
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Max Michaelson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1876. A communication from
abroad by L. Thouvenin et, Birnbacher, Kunz, and Company of Strasburg.
MAX MICHAELSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL GRINDING STONE, AND IN APPARATUS OR MECHANISM
USED THEREWITH." A communication from abroad by L. Thouvenin et Birn-
bacher, Kunz, and Company, of Strasburg.
This Invention relates to a new or improved artificial grindstone or apparatus to
be used as a grindstone, and which possesses several special advantages as compared
with that hitherto used. And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist in
the arrangement and construction of a cast-iron drum with dovetail grooves in its
periphery, and having six or other number of arms. These arms are jointed or
hinged, and their joint pins have keys and washers, so as to enable them and their
flaps to be opened to admit of six or other number of segments of emery or silex
emery and equally hard binding material, the mixed material being of a very
tough homogeneous nature, being inserted into the aforesaid grooves of the drum,
after which felt rings are placed on both sides of the segments, which are then
embraced and closed in by overlapping or gripping jaws or claws, and tightly fixed
to the drum by screws and nuts. The felt rings are for the purpose of preventing
the breakage of the segments when tightly gripped or made fast by screwing or
screws; and the central boss or nave carrying the whole drum and fittings is
constructed large and strong enough to receive axles of the heaviest existing
grindstones.
The following are a few of the advantages resulting from this construction of
grinding apparatus,―
(1). The worn out segments can be replaced in a few minutes without necessi-
tating the lifting out of the heavy shafts, as in re-setting ordinary grindstones.
(2). Freedom from breakage and consequent greater safety in working this
apparatus.
(3). The ease, simplicity, and unlimited renewal or replacement of the emery
seginents, which are more homogeneous and durable, and admitting of being driven
at a greater speed than sandstone, besides effecting greater economy and efficiency
in working.
(4). They do not require to be sharpened up, as they do not become smooth by

page_text: the adhesion of the ground-off material or metal dust, at the same time being so
light, there is far less wear and friction in their bearings.
(5). The lightness and separate construction of the segments enable them to be
produced very much larger in diameter than ordinary stones without inconvenience
in transit, a great advantage when compared with the difficulties heretofore
experienced in transporting sandstones of the larger sizes.