Improvements in Dynamos.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Oct., 1897-Accepted, 27th Nov., 1897
[Communicated from abroad by EDWARD WILSON FARNHAM, Electrician, living
at the City of Chicago, County of Cook, State of Illinois, U.S.A.]
Improvements in Dynamos.
I, JOHN LIDDLE, 154, St. Vincent Street, in the County of the City of Glasgow,
North Britain, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its purpose the production of a dynamo suitable to be
placed on a bicycle or other vehicle and to be actuated by the rotation of the
wheels of such bicycle or other vehicle, to generate a current of electricity for use
in an electric lamp, or other electric signalling apparatus.
To those skilled in the art it is evident that in the rotating of a bicycle or other
vehicle wheel on an ordinary dirt road, or upon the macadamized or paved streets
of a city or town much dust or mud will be at times encountered and if the
dynamo is brought in contact with such wheel, the movable parts thereof, and
particularly all sliding or movable electric connections should be well protected
therefrom.
It is also necessary in dynamos designed to be used with a bicycle or other
vehicle for the generation of an electric impulse or current to be used as stated,
that sufficient thereof for the purpose sought, shall be obtained as the bicycle or
other vehicle is being driven at a moderate rate of speed, and therefore means are
provided whereby the required number of revolutions in the rotatory parts of the
dynamo are secured at all times when the vehicle is fairly in motion; and also
that the signal or the armature of the dynamo shall not be burned out by too
intense a current when the vehicle is moving rapidly.
Briefly stated, the dynamo embodying this invention comprises, in one form
of construction, non-rotatable fields consisting of permanent magnets and a
rotatable armature having soft iron pole pieces, the armature being properly
wound: such non-rotatable fields being suspended on a non-rotatable shaft, from
which is also suspended the rotatable armature, the fields and the armature being
contained in a cylinder closed at its ends and rotatably mounted on the non-
rotatable shaft so that dust or other material will not readily penetrate therein,
with the armature connected to the casing so as to be rotated thereby, and the
casing connected to the wheel of the bicycle or other vehicle (preferably by
frictional contact therewith) so as to be driven thereby.
In another form of construction used by me and herein illustrated and described
the permanent magnets forming the fields rotate in one direction, say in unison
with the cylindrical casing and the armature is stationary or (and preferably),
rotates in the direction contrary to that in which the fields rotate.
In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, and
wherein a reference letter applied to a given part to designate such part is used to
indicate the same part throughout the several figures.
Figure is a vertical sectional view of the rotatably mounted casing of the

page_text: dynamo and an elevation of the fields and armature, with a portion of the heids
broken away to show the construction of such armature.
Figure 2 an elevation of the dynamo, with the end of the rotatably mounted
casing removed to show the fields and armature and the mechanism for rotating the
armature.
Figure 3 a side elevation of a portion of the front fork of a.bicycle, with the
dynamo attached thereto; and
Figure 4a top plan view of the dynamo and the standard therefor.
Figure 5 is a view of the dynamo corresponding with the view thereof given
in Figure 2: showing a modification in the connection between the rotatably
mounted casing and the armature, (for obtaining rotation in the armature).
Figure 6 is an elevation on line 6-6 of Figure 7. viewed in the direction
indicated by the arrows, of a modification of the dynamo illustrated in Figures I
to 5, both inclusive, with the end of the rotatably mounted cylinder casing
removed to show the fields, (consisting of permanent magnets) attached to the
rotatably mounted cylindrical casing to rotate therewith, an armature rotatably
mounted on the non-rotatable centre shaft of the dynamo, the connection between
the rotatably mounted casing and the armature to rotate the armature in a
direction contrary to the direction in which such easing is rotated; and
Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view on line 7-7 of Figure 6, viewed in the
direction indicated by the arrows.
A is one side of the front fork of a bicycle. B is a clamp secured by side A
by nuts C. D, D' is a standard in which the dynamo is placed to secure it to the
Licycle to which it is illustrated as attached. Standard D D' is shown as com-
posed of two pieces joined together by holt d; but such standard is not necessarily
so constructed, and in fact the standard forms no essential part of the invention.
E is a clamp by means of which lamp may he secured to a bicycle. The
lamp F and the manner of attaching it to the vehicle forms no part of the inven
tion, and is therefore not shown in detail. G is the non-rotatable shaft of the
dynamo. is the easing of the dyname, and comprises the cylinder and the
unds, h. X is a section of a bicycle tyre, with which tyre the periphery of
casing is in frictional contact. II is a frame segured on the non-rotatable
shaft G to be suspended therefrom within the casing I so as to be non-rotatable, and
J is the armature of the dynamo rotatably mounted in frame II. When the fields
of the dynamo are non-rolatably mounted in the rotatable casing II. (as in
Figures 1 to 5 both inclusive), such fields are secured to the frame 11. K, K,
(Figures 1, 2 and 5) are permanent magnets secured to frame 1 I forming such
non-rotatable fields. L. L, are the field checks of the permanent magnets K, K,
such field cheeks being secured to frame II and to the magnets K, Krespec-
tively, forming the means for holding the magnets in place and connecting them
to the frame. M is a pulley or wheel secured on shaft of armature 1, to drive
such armature. 00 are the pole pieces of armature J. and Q the winding wire
thereof. R is a hub secured to one of the ends of the rotatably mounted
cylindrical casing H. (within the casing), to rotate therewith, (see Figure 1),
and S is a pulley mounted on such hub K to farn with the casing. T is a belt,
preferably constructed of spring coil, extending over pulleys M and S. The
rotation of armature is thus produced in this construction, (illustrated in
Figures 1 to 4, both inclusive), by the rotation of casing H. In the modification
of this connection between the rotatably mounted casing I and the armature
which is illustrated in Figure 5 of the drawing $ is an internally toothed gear
wheel secured as by bolts or pins S S2, extending therethrough and through the
end adjacent thereto, to the casing II to rotate therewith, and M is a geared
wheel secured on shaft of the armature J, intermeshing with the teeth of the
internal gear wheel S and thereby turning the armature.
For convenience of reference in the further description of the dynamo embody-
ing this invention one of the soft fron poles of the armature is lettered P.
indicating the positive pole thereof and the other N indicating the negative pole

page_text: at a given time in the rotation of the armature, when the soft iron pole pieces 0, 0,
have changed places the magnetic excitation thereof will have changed, such pole
pieces, therefore, alternately becoming positive and negative.
The inner end of the winding wire 0, of the armature J, is electrically con-
nected to the pin U, (such pin being separated by insulating material from
shaft J). V is a brush secured on one end of frame II, and Vis a wire attached
at one end to brush V and extending out through non-rotatable shaft G to the
lamp F or signal F. V is a wire electrically connected to the frame of the
dynamo, such frame being electrically connected to the outer end of the wire Q
of armature J.
In the construction illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 the armature J is rotatably
mounted on the non-rotatable shaft G by the ball bearings j, j. V is a ring of
insulating material around the periphery of core of one of the cone hearings j
Vis a collector ring on insulating ring j', and V5 is a brush on the armature J
in electrical contact with the collector V. One end of the winding wire of
armature J is in electrical connection with brush V and the other end of such
winding wire is in electrical contact with the shaft G, as at V in Figure 7. Vin
Figure 7 is a wire in electrical connection with the collector ring V, and extend-
ing therefrom to the lamp, as in the construction illustrated in Figures 1 to 5
inclusive.
In the construction illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 K', K', are the permanent
magnets L L the field cheeks thereof and 0, 0, the pole pieces of the arma-
ture . In this construction there is the internally toothed wheel S geared
into the toothed wheel S2 on shaft or pivot $3, such toothed wheel S intermeshed
with geared wheel T which is secured on the shaft of the armature J to turn
therewith on shaft G. Rotation of the casing H in the direction indicated by
the arrow marked I in Figure 6 will cause rotation of the armature in the direction
indicated by the arrow marked 2 in such Figure; that is, the casing Hand
the permanent magnēts K¹, K¹, revolve in one direction and the armature revolves
in the opposite direction.
The operation of the dynamo is extremely simple, consisting merely of the
rotation of the casing by the wheel of the vehicle and the rotation of the armature
(and field pieces if desired,) through the connection thereof with the casing, as
hereinhefore described. The rotation of the armature in the lines of force of
the field pieces produces an alternating current; and when the field pieces revolve,
also, in an opposite direction to the revolution of the armature the change in
polarity of the pole pieces of the armature is made much more rapidly than
when the field pieces alone rotate, or the armature alone rotates.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
-
1. In a dyname, the combination of a non-rotatable shaft, a frame secured to
the non-rotatable shaft, a casing consisting of a cylinder rotatably mounted on
the non-rotatable shaft permanent magnets within the casing, an armature
rotatably mounted within the casing to turn in the field of the pule pieces of
the permanent magnets, and a connection between the casing and the armature
so that rotation of the casing produces rotation of the armature.
2. In a dynamo, the combination of a non-rotatable shaft, a frame secured to
the non-rotatable shaft, a casing consisting of a cylinder rotatably mounted on
the non-rotatable shaft, permanent magnets within the casing, mounted to rotate
by the rotation of the casing, an armature rotatably mounted within the casing,
in the field of the pole pieces of the permanent magnet, and a connection between
the casing and the armature to rotate such armature in a direction contrary to
the direction of rotation of the permanent magnets.
3. The combination in a dynamo of a non-rotatable shaft, a frame secured to
the shaft, a casing consisting of a cylinder rotatably mounted on the non-rotatable

page_text: shaft, permanent magnets within the casing and on the frame, an armature within
the casing rotating in the field of the pole pieces of the permanent magnets, and
a connection between the casing and the armature to rotate the armature by the
rotation of the casing.
4. The combination in a dynamo of a standard, a shaft in the standard, a
cylindrical casing mounted to rotate on the shaft, an armature and field pieces
inside of the casing and a connection, also inside the casing, between the armature,
the field pieces and the casing, whereby the rotation of the casing on the non-
rotatable shaft produces rotary change in the relative position of the armature
and the pole pieces of the field pieces.
Dated this 11th day of October 1807
BOTTOMLEY & LIDDLE,
164 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Patent Agents.