matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Improvements in Lamp Wicks.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 15th May, 1894-Accepted, 16th June, 1894
Improvements in Lamp Wicks.
I, JOSEPH THOMAS MURRAY of 120 Broadway New York, in the County of
New York, State of New York United States of America, Inventor do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention has relation to wicks for lamps, oil stoves, and the like, and has
for its object, the provision of an indestructible wick, which shall possess all the
advantageous qualities of the ordinary cotton or fibre wick, but which will last for
an indefinite period without renewal or the necessity of trimming.
My invention consists in making a wick of burnt clay which is rendered capillary
by incorporating with the clay while in a plastic state, filaments of unspun vegetable
fibre which are burnt out in the process of baking the clay so as to leave the wick
pierced or perforated longitudinally with minute orifices constituting capillary
tubes through which the oil from the lamp will be raised to the flame by capillary
action.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is a representation in perspective of a flat wick made of burnt clay
and rendered capillary according to my invention, a part of the wick being cut away,
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the same wick before baking, and
Figure 3 is a perspective view of a circular or Argand wick.
In carrying my invention into effect, I employ any suitable clay, such as kaolin
or potters clay and previous to molding the same into shape, I incorporate therewith
strands or filaments of unspun vegetable fibre, such as the natural filaments of
ramie or cactus, the filaments being arranged lengthwise of and within the body
of the wick. After the clay is molded or pressed into shape it is baked in a kiln
so as to harden the clay and consume or reduce the vegetable fibre filling, leaving
the wick as a properly shaped mass of burnt clay having longitudinal capillary
orifices.
I use vegetable fibre for the reason that the filaments of natural fibre are
sufficiently firm to admit of being easily handled and readily arranged in the clay
and leave but little ash, being almost totally consumed in the kiln.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. A lamp wick made of burnt clay and rendered capillary, by incorporating
with the clay, while in a plastic state, filaments of unspun vegetable fibre which are
burnt out in the process of baking the clay.
Secondly. The method of making lamp wicks which consists in incorporating
with suitable clay, filaments of unspun vegetable fibre, molding the clay into the
shape of a wick, then baking the clay and burning out the filaments.
Dated the 20th day of Auril 1901
JOSEPH THOMAS MURRAY,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.
New or Improved Separator Apparatus or Ladle for Separating Fat or Scum from Liquids.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 9th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Separator Apparatus or Ladle for Separating Fat
or Scum from Liquids.
I ROBERT GOUGH of 106 Battersea Rise London S.W. Accountant, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I make the said ladle. in a cylindrical form with suitable handle. Close to the
bottom on the outside an inlet to a channel or tube is formed terminating near the
top inside the said ladle, so that liquid can flow up through the said channel or
tube into the said ladle. Another channel or tube is formed inside the said ladle
with a small open space or inlet at the bottom through which liquid can ascend as
it accumulates in the said ladle. The liquid is poured out of the ladle through the
last mentioned channel or tube which is open at the top and provided with a lip
surrounded with a thin plate partly covering the top of the ladle so that in the
action of pouring out all the liquid flows out through the aforesaid channel or tube.
When my ladle or apparatus thus made is pressed down into liquid with fat or scum
on the top, it is filled from below the surface of such fat or scum so that the liquid
is quite free from any fat or scum when poured off as described.
I do not confine myself to any particular metal or material, size, shape or form,
in making my ladle or apparatus but may vary the same within the scope of my
invention.
Dated this 9th day of January 1894.

page_text: tube which is open at the top and provided with a lip a surrounded with a thin
plate partly covering the top of the ladle so that in the action of pouring out all
the liquor flows out through the aforesaid channel or tube f.
When my ladle or apparatus thus made is pressed down into liquid with fat or
scum on the top it is filled from below the surface of such fat or scum so that the
liquid is quite free from any fat or scum when poured off as described.
I do not confine myself to any particular metal or material size shape or form
in making my ladle or apparatus but may vary the same within the scope of my
invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a separator ladle, the combination of the ladle e plate or covering 6 tubes
or channels c and f, lip a with perforations or inlets and handle d, substantially
as herein described and according to the accompanying drawing.
2. In a new or improved separator apparatus or ladle for separating fat or scum
from liquids, the combination of the various parts constructed as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 9th day of October 1894.
J. P. BAYLY,
18, Fulham Place, W., Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Production of Sulphate of Manganese and Oxide of Iron.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Nov., 1894-Accepted, 8th Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Production of Sulphate of Manganese and
Oxide of Iron.
I ALFRED ROLAND DAVIS of 32, Blackfriars Street Manchester Chemical
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In carrying out my invention I take a solution of ferrous sulphate and add
thereto peroxide of manganese. An oxide of iron is precipitated and sulphate of
manganese is left in solution. The precipitate is separated from the solution by
decantation or filtration and if necessary treated with a further quantity of
ferrous sulphate solution to remove any peroxide of manganese that may have
been used in excess. The solution of sulphate of manganese obtained as above
described may either be used as such or treated for the production of solid sulphate
of manganese in the usual way. The process as described above can be performed
at the ordinary temperature but the application of heat accelerates the reactions.
Dated this 6th day of February 1894.
ALFRED ROLAND DAVIS.
G. F. Redfern & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Production of Sulphate of Manganese and
Oxide of Iron.
I, ALFRED ROLAND DAVIS, of 32, Blackfriars Street, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In carrying out my invention I take a solution of ferrous sulphate and add
thereto peroxide of manganese. An oxide of iron is precipitated and sulphate of
manganese is left in solution. The precipitate is separated from the solution by
decantation or filtration and if necessary treated with a further quantity of ferrous
sulphate solution to remove any peroxide.of manganese that may have been used
in excess. The solution of sulphate of manganese obtained as above described
may either be used as such or treated for the production of solid sulphate of
manganese in the usual way. The process as described above can be performed
at the ordinary temperature but the application of heat accelerates the reactions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The treatment of a solution of ferrous sulphate with peroxide of manganese
in order to obtain a solution of sulphate of manganese and a precipitate of oxide
of iron.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 6th May, 1895-Accepted, 8th June, 1895
Figure 1 represents a transverse vertical section of the water tube boiler;
Figure 2. a longitudinal vertical section and Figure 3. a sectional plan of the
same.
...
The steam and water drum A, the two vertical water columus B. B, the bottom
water drum C. and the inclined water tubes D. D. are all connected to each
other with flanges and rivetted together; the bent tubes e. e. e. . . . .
holes in vertical water columns B. B.
are fixed in
The steam and water drum A, and the bottom water drum C, are further
connected together by pipes and this combination of water tubes, drums and
columns form one section of water tube boiler. The furnace grate g is placed
between the two sections. The sections may be connected together by pipe, h, and
shut off valves i. i. The casings k, k, form a chamber enclosing the boiler, in which
the products of combustion operate upon the external surfaces of the tubes, drums
and columns, and the waste gases escape at the uptake, l, their passage being
retarded by the perforated fire tile deflectors shewn in dotted lines (Figure 1)
at n, n, n and also by the baffle plate m.
Dated this 1th day of & voust 1891

page_text: Figure represents a transverse vertical section of the water tube boiler;
Figure 2 a longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 3, a sectional plan of the
same.
The steam and water drum A, the two vertical water columns B, B, the bottom
water drum C, and the inclined water tubes DD... are all connected to each other
with flanges and riveted together; the bent tubes e, e, e, · · ·
are fixed in holes
in vertical water columus B. B. The steam and water drum A, and the bottom
water drum C are further connected together by pipes .. and this combination of
water tubes drums and columns form one section of water tube boiler. The furnace
grate g is placed between the sections or on each side of one section.
The sections may be connected together by pipe, h, and shut off valves, i. i; the
casings k. k. form a chamber enclosing the boiler, in which the products of com-
bustion operate upon the external surfaces of the tubes, drums and columns, and
the waste gases escape at the uptake, I, their passage being retarded by the
perforated fire-tile arches, n, n, n, and by the deflector, m.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
A combination of cylinders and tubes of various diameters, arranged in vertical,
horizontal and inclined positions forming a water tube steam boiler having large
heating surface, the whole of which is arranged to obtain high evaporative efficiency,
free from complication of construction and having all its main parts easily accessible
for cleaning, examination and repair.
This ich 1 of 1905
New and Improved Baking Powder.
Year: 1894

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New and Improved Baking Powder.
I, GEORGE WEDDELL 20 Grainger Street West, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Chemist
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
1
My invention consists of a baking powder which in addition to the ingredients
necessary for aerating bread, or other food, contains an amount of phosphates
which will compensate entirely, or in part, for the natural phosphates found in
wheat, but which are in great measure removed with the bran, or shell of the
wheat, in making white flour.
The phosphates which I usually combine in the baking powder, are the
phosphates of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium; but I also sometimes
use in addition to the aforementioned, the phosphates of iron and manganese ;
also a small percentage of fluoride of calcium.
The proportions in which I combine the phosphates with one another and with
the baking powder, and the manner in which I effect this combination, will be
ascertained & particularly described, in my Complete Specification.
Dated this 23rd day of July 1801
GEORGE WEDDELL.
and improved baking rowder.
1, GEORGE WEDDELL, 20, West Grainger Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
My invention consists of a baking powder which in addition to the ingredients
necessary for aerating bread, or other food, contains an amount of phosphates
which will compensate entirely, or in part, for the natural phosphates found in
wheat, but which are in great measure removed with the bran or shell of the wheat,
in making white flour.
The phosphates which I usually combine in the baking powder are the
phosphates of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium; but I also sometimes
use in addition to the aforementioned, the phosphates of iron and manganese and
also a small percentage of fluoride of calcium.
The following is the method which I follow in making the baking powder.
I take
Calcium phosphate
Magnesium
Sodium
"
Potassium
33
وو
300 parts.
1
180 parts.
-
180 parts.
-
18 parts.

page_text: These are then intimately mixed by means of a mechanical mixer, such as is
commonly employed, when the baking powder is ready for use.
When a larger amount of phosphates might be required for medical purposes I
increase the relative proportions of said phosphates and reduce the proportions of
ground rice or flour accordingly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed and carried out, I declare
that what I claim is :-
A baking powder for aerating bread, cakes and flour containing a definite
proportion of mixed phosphates as herein before described.
Dated this 23rd day of April 1895.
T. B. BROWNE, LIMITED,
Agents,
By Benj. T. King,
Registered Patent Agent.
T. B. BROWNE, LIMITED,
Agents,
By Benj. T. King,
Registered Patent Agent.
Improvements in Checks or Tokens.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 28th Apr., 1894
COMI LEIE DIFICATION.
Improvements in Checks or Tokens.
We HENRY EABORN and GEORGE HONOUR_trading_as Eaborn & Honour
Electroplate Manufacturers 63 Hatton Garden London E.C. do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates more especially to checks or tokens such as are used
in restaurants and other places as substitutes for money.
The object of our invention are to prevent fraud, to prevent the checks from
being broken, and to enable the numbers or values of the checks to be easily
recognised.
The numeral or mark indicating the value or number of the check, and if
desired any other words or devices, are cut or punched out of, or are cast in,
the material from which the check is made after the manner of a stencil plate,
instead of being stamped or engraved on the surface as is usually the case.
We prefer to make the checks of aluminium, but we may make them of any
other suitable metal, alloy or substance.
The surface of the checks may be marked or ornamented in any desired
mauner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. Checks or tokens having numerals, marks or words punched or cut out of, or
cast in, the material from which they are made substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described.
2. Checks or tokens made of aluminium and with numerals, marks or words
punched or cut out, of the metal substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 24th day of March 1894.
HENRY EABORN.
GEORGE HONOUR.
Improvements in Oil Lamps.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Apr., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 21st Jan., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Apr., 1895
Improvements in Oil Lamps.
HENRY DEFTY Engineer 67 Pepys Road New Cross London S.E. do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The improvement relates to an inverted tube arranged to hang in the centre of
the lamp reservoir and attached by means of a screw to the socket or the screw
lengthened forming the tube, in which the burner is fixed, the said tube to extend
within half an inch of the bottom of the reservoir, forming a shell casing A in
which hangs the wick.
In case of accident in lamp falling or becoming overturned the oil is completely
prevented from escaping and therefore is secure against danger.
The body of lamp is made from copper, brass, tin, iron or other metallic
substances. The reservoir is charged by a small pipe marked F directed into the
centre and fitted with screw attachment.
DL
1
C
11004
HENRY DEFTY.
Improvements in Oil Lamps.
HENRY DEFTY Engineer 67 Pepys Road New Cross London S.E. do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, referring to the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification :-
The object of these improvements is to obviate all danger caused by the falling
or breaking of the lamp or the volatilization of oils which would tend to burst the
lamp. I employ an inverted tube arranged to hang in the centre of the lamp
reservoir and marked A on drawing. It is attached by means of a screw to the
socket or the socket screw is lengthened thus forming the tube in which the burner
is fixed. The tube is extended within half an inch of the bottom of the reservoir
forming a shell casing in which hangs the wick.
The body of the lamp is made of copper, brass, tin, iron or other metallic
unbreakable substance and is charged by a small pipe (marked F on drawing)
directed into the centre and fitted with an escape screw or other form of safety
valve, through which the volatilized gases escape.
In case of an accident to the lamp in becoming overturned, the oil is completely
prevented from escaping and is therefore secure from the danger attending such
accidents.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) The inverted tube containing the wick and extending within half an inch
of the bottom of the reservoir.
(2.) The small charge pipe directed into the centre of the reservoir marked F
and fitted with a safety valve or the like as set forth.
Dated this 23rd dow of Anuil 1904
HENRY DEFTY.
Improvements in Devices for Holding and Guiding the Fingers in Writing.
Year: 1894

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Devices for Holding and Guiding the Fingers
in Writing.
I, EDUARD MÜLLER, Professor at Gymnasium, Karlplatz 28, Crefeld, in the
Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained?
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the application to pen and pencil holders of a device.
which, owing to its peculiar shape, compels the fingers to assume that position which.
is consistent with good handwriting.
The position which the fingers must occupy with my invention in position is such
that the index finger lies on the top of the holder pointing towards the axis of the
pen, whilst the middle finger and thumb press on a plate or wing fitted to the under
side of the holder in such a manner that the middle finger lies on the right and the
thumb on the left side of the said plate.
In order that my invention may be better understood I will refer to the drawing.
hereunto annexed in which :
Figure 1 shows a hand with the pen and my device in position.
Figure 2 is a side view of a pen holder with my device affixed.
Figure 3 is a section of the pen holder through A-B (Fig. 2).
The invention illustrated renders it impossible for the middle finger to slip under
the penholder by reason of the plate b.
a is the holder, 6 the plate or wing, c and d (Fig. 2), the turned up edges in front.
and at the bottom and side of the plate against which the middle finger rests..
c prevents the middle finger from slipping too far forward whilst & fixes its position
and supports it above the level of the material written on.
The wing must, when the penholder is used for writing, extend on the right.
thereof in a vertical or not much inclined direction. As shown in Fig. 1 it must be:
held fast between the thumb and middle finger.
My device may be made of any material and either separate or in one piece with.
the holder and is preferably of sheet metal.
Although I have described my invention with reference to penholders yet it is.
obvious that it is also applicable to pencils etc.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.
invention and in what manner the same is to be carried into effect, I declare that.
what I claim is :-
A pen or pencil holder characterised by the arrangement of a wing of sheet.
metal or other substance extending below the said holder for the purpose of being
rasped between the middle finger and thumb, which latter are held in their
positions by means of forward and lower turned up edges respectively, all substan--
tially as described and as illustrated on the drawing.
Dated this 19th day of July 1894
JOHN P. O'DONNELL,
70 & 71, Palace Chambers, Westminster, London, S.W.,
Agent for said Applicant.
Improvements in Screw Bottle Stoppers.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 20th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 9th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Screw Bottle Stoppers.
We, GEORGE DODWORTH HARRISON of 16 Bradley Street Sheffield in the
County of York Accountant WALTER DAVID PARR of 3 Lyons Road in
Sheffield aforesaid Traveller ELLIS HERBERT CRAPPER of Spring Vale Road
in Sheffield aforesaid Science Lecturer and WILLIAM HORROX of Orgreave
Farm, Handsworth in the County of York aforesaid Schoolmaster do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In an ordinary screw bottle stopper we make one or more grooves or slits on its
upper surface and at right angles to its axis either in combination with a raised
projection or otherwise. These grooves or slits are intended for the insertion of
the back of a knife a coin or any other appliance which will act as a lever and so
facilitate the unscrewing or screwing of the said stopper.
Dated this 6th day of March 1894.
GEORGE DODWORTH HARRISON.
WALTER DAVID PARR.
ELLIS HERBERT CRAPPER.
WILLIAM HORROX.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Screw Bottle Stoppers.
GEORGE DODWORTH HARRISON of 16 Bradley Street Sheffield in the County
of York Accountant, WALTER DAVID PARR of 3 Lyons Road Sheffield in the
County of York Traveller ELLIS HERBERT CRAPPER of 342 Spring Vale Road
Sheffield in the County of York Science Lecturer and WILLIAM HORROX of
Orgreve Farm Handsworth in the County of York Schoolmaster do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
It is well known that when an ordinary screw bottle stopper has been subjected
to great force as is usually the case when bottling by machinery there is often
great difficulty in unscrewing it again and when this has been accomplished if the
whole of the contents of the bottle are not consumed and it is desired to screw up
the stopper again there is great difficulty in doing this effectually.
To overcome these difficulties we make one or more grooves or slits A on the
upper surface of the said stopper and at right angles to its axis B either in com-
bination with a raised projection C or otherwise. These grooves or slits are
intended for the insertion of the back of a knife a coin or any other appliance
which will act as a lever and so facilitate the unscrewing or screwing of the said
stopper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manuer the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :
The construction of one or more grooves or slits on the upper surface of an
ordinary screw bottle stopper and at right angles to its axis, either in combination

page_text: with a raised projection or otherwise substantially as
herein before described.
Dated this Sixteenth day of April 1894.
and for the purpose
GEORGE DODWORTH HARRISON.
WALTER DAVID PARR.
ELLIS HERBERT CRAPPER.
WILLIAM HORROX.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tickets for Railway and other Purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Oct. 1894-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tickets for Railway and
other Purposes.
I, MAXIMILIEN VEZZOSI of Place du Statut No 15 Turin in the Kingdom of
Italy Manufacturer of Railway Tickets do hereby declare the nature of my
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement
--
This invention relates to the manufacture of tickets used for tramway railway
omnibus and other purposes to be used for advertising or other like purpose and
consists of a simple and easy method of constructing the same in the form of an
envelope or receptacle to contain a sheet or sheets upon which advertisements or
the like are printed and thus affording an advantageous medium for obtaining
publicity or supplying useful information.
I will describe my invention, with reference to the accompanying diawing
Figure 1 of which represents a ticket constructed according to my invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of a blank which constitutes the main body of the ticket
and Figure 3 is a plan view of a blank constituting the cover by which the blank
(Figure 2) is covered and the ends of the ticket closed so as to form an envelope or
receptacle for a sheet or sheets of printed advertisements of the like.
at a
In carrying out my invention I provide blanks of suitable thickness of card or
paper and preferably of the shape shewn in Figure 2, each blank when folded in
the centre at the part shewn by a dotted line a founs the two sides of au
envelope or pocket book ticket, the bottom of the pocket being formed by the fold
The two ends of the folded blank are closed by an outer covering shewn
by Figure 3 so shaped as to cover both sides of the envelope or pocket and
secured thereto by paste or other suitable cement, projecting portions d being
provided which are wrapped round the said ends and connected by suitable cement
to the sides thereby forming a complete envelope or pocket book ticket to
contain a sheet e or sheets having thereon advertisement or other information the
said sheet or sheets being of suitable size when folded to be protected by the iwo
sides of the ticket Notches are provided in the sides to facilitate the
withdrawal of the sheet e fiom the pocket.
Pocket book tickets constructed as described are enabled to act as media for
obtaming publicity and imparting information and also serve as ordinary tickets
or passes for 1ailway and other purposes
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim 18-
The manufacture of tickets for railway and other purposes substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Dated the 4th day of October 1894.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Sanitary Closets.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 9th Feb.. 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sanitary Closets.
I MOSES JAMES ADAMS Engineer Peasholme Green York do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
Under a previous Patent I claimed the special form of a closet pan and trap and
pan but
now in my present invention I use by preference the before named closet
it will be seen that many forms of closet are applicable. The chief feature in the
closet is that instead of its base or under part resting upon the floor or on a support
under the trap I so form my closet that the trap or under part of the closet or base
does not support the pan in any way but the body of the closet is so formed that at
the back it is built or otherwise let into wall or support or is carried upon projec-
tions or brackets from wall or floor and in the front I prefer also to add a bracket
or support of metal as shewn by my illustration and whereas in the past closet
basins or pans have been formed to be fixed away from the wall in my improvement
I extend the ware of which the pan or basin is formed to such an extent that
it shall reach the wall for the sake of support and cleanliness, and thus in plan
my closet takes more the form of a slab or shelf with the pan formed therein. On
reference to my drawings my proposals will be made clear Fig. 1 being a section
and Fig. 2 a side elevation of my closet in each drawing. A is the closet pan
B the outlet from trap C the projection built into wall D flushing pipe E closet.
seat F metal bracket taking weight of closet G the floor H the wall K front of
closet shewing the slab or shelf in which the pan is formed L is the pipe or flushing
arm connecting D with the flushing rim M.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1st. The use of a closet formed in a slab or shelf and carried by support of
projection or bracket the closet pan or trap being clear from the ground.
2nd. An apparatus used as a closet which shall be supported in part or whole by
projections let into wall such projections forming part of the apparatus itself.
3rd. The use of a closet formed in a slab of ware wherein the slab is extended
to the wall against which it is desired to fix the apparatus.
4th. The use of a closet formed in a slab of ware and the parts shewn described
and lettered with their general arrangement and design.
5th. The combination of a closet pan with a top of glazed ware such top being
extended to the wall and being an integral part of the apparatus itself the trap or
under part of the closet being raised from the floor and forming no support for the
apparatus.
Dated this 6th day of December 1894
MOSES JAMES ADAMS,
Peasholme Green, York, Engineer.
Improvements in Wheel Tyres.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Dec., 1894-Accepted, 26th Jan., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheel Tyres.
I, JAMES WATT, of 149 Shields Road, in the City of Glasgow, Van and Lorry
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to provide the wheels of road vehicles with
tyres which shall not be liable to side slip on their felloes, and which in use require
no bolts or spikes to retain them in place.
To that end the improved wheel tyres are made from bars which are rolled with
longitudinal ridges on one side preferably of V-shape, these ridges being on the
inner periphery of the finished tyre, and being adapted, when the tyre is shrunk on
to the felloe, to sink into the latter and to be thereby gripped or held so as to
prevent the tyre coming off.
Dated this 25th day of October 1894.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.
I, JAMES WATT, of 149 Shields Road, in the City of Glasgow, Van and Lorry
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention has for its object to provide the wheels of road vehicles with
tyres which shall not be liable to side slip on their felloes, and which in use require
no bolts or spikes to retain them in place.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 being a
perspective view of the improved wheel tyre, Figure 2 a vertical section of a
wheel showing the tyre applied thereto, and Figure 3 a full size cross section of
the tyre.
The improved wheel tyres A are made from bars which are rolled with longi-
tudinal ridges a on one side preferably of V-shape, these ridges being on the inner
periphery of the finished tyre, and being adapted, when the tyre is shrunk on to
the felloe B, to sink into the latter and to be thereby gripped or held and provide
a continuous grip around the periphery so as to prevent the tyre coming off.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
A tyre for road vehicles formed with longitudinal ridges on the inner periphery

page_text: substantially as and for the purpose set forth with reference to the annexed
drawings.
Dated this 19th day of December 1894.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.
New and Improved Knickers for Married Ladies.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 14th May, 1895-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New and Improved Knickers for Married Ladies.
MERCIE BEADELLE 31 Montholme Road Wandsworth Common London S.W.
Drapers Assistant do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
These knickers are specially adapted for married ladies, with half band at back,
and drawstring in front for expansion they are double fronted, with button holes
and three rows of buttons each side, so that they can be made larger at the will of
wearer, thus affording great ease and comfort.
10/10/04
MERCIE BEADELLE.
MERCIE BEADELLE 31 Montholme Road Wandsworth Common S.W. do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
These knickers are specially adapted for married ladies. Capable of being
enlarged according as required, having a double front, with rows of buttons and
buttonholes shaped waist with drawstring and half band at back.
These knickers are constructed to satisfy a want which has long been felt in
ladies underclothing, and, being unique in every particular, are so made that they
are equally suitable for a slight figure, as well as one of large proportions.
(No. 1) On the drawings, shows the knickers with double front, buttons and
buttonholes, buttoned to fit a slight figure.
(No. II) Shows the band arranged to slope from the back to the sides, from
thence is inserted a drawstring to tie in front, which enables the band to be enlarged.
Size I, 20 inch waist, to 30 inches. Size II, 24 inch waist, to 40 inches. In order
to avoid any superfluous fulness, the double front from the band, is rendered
shapable by four half darts, to give the necessary room for expansion and freedom
to the wearer.
(C) Shows the double front open, when buttoned on the second row, a medium
size is produced, and when buttoned on the third row, the knickers are then at
their largest capacity, when so enlarged perfect ease and comfort is imparted to
the wearer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. Double front with buttons and buttonholes.
2. Shaped band and drawstring.
9
Difalin ladies of lesse
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone or Marble.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 28th Apr., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone or Marble.
We, PAUL BAUMERT and ADOLPH PIECK both of Neue Königsstrasse, Berlin
in the German Empire, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to artificial stone or marble the greater portion of which
is composed of a low value material such as sand, comminuted slag and the like
solidified, by mixing with it a suitable binding material, and serving as a support
or backing for a superior material, for instance marble, which is ground to a fine
powder and similarly solidified or fixed.
The artificial stone or marble is made by passing into a mould first a thick layer
of the low value mixture and then a thinner layer of the superior mixture. Both
layers are then subject to pressure and left to harden. Such artificial stone attains
considerable hardness and presents a handsome appearance. It is therefore adapted
for use as imitation stone for walls, flooring and like purposes in the interiors of
buildings. It may easily be operated upon and its cost is far lower than solid
natural stone of the kind of which the superior portion is made.
As the binding material, we preferably employ sulphate of magnesia or magnesite
and burnt or calcined magnesia. In carrying out the process 1 part of ground
burnt magnesia or magnesite is intimately mixed with 31 parts of the marble or of
the cheaper material. To this is added just sufficient of a from 12° to 20° watery
solution of sulphate of magnesia as will moisten and set the mixture. Such a
binding material is distinguished from those hitherto employed for the purpose by
its property of quickly hardening and by reason of its being colourless it causes the
product to resemble very much the natural stone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is :-
1. An artificial stone consisting of a supporting body of low value material and
a thin layer of superior material which materials are severally mixed with a suitable
binding material then pressed in a mould and afterwards brought to a hard state,
substantially as described.
2. In the manufacture of the artificial stone referred to the application of a
binding medium consisting of hydrated sulphate of magnesia and burnt magnesia or
magnesite, substantially as described.
Dated this 28th day of February 1894.
THOMAS R. SHILLITO,
89, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.
Reflectors for Electric Lighting.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 19th Jan., 1895
Reflectors for Electric Lighting.
I, PAUL KÖRBER, of 1 Reichsstrasse, Leipzig, in the Empire of Germany,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a reflector for electric lighting by
which a portion of the light rays from the lamp are concentrated and reflected in a
predetermined direction.
In the accompanying drawings Figures 1, 2 and 3 represent the globes or bowls
of arc lamps, and Figure 4 the bowl of an incandescent lamp provided with the
improved reflecting arrangement.
The globes or bowls for the arc lamps in the present invention, according to
where it is intended to concentrate the light rays, are formed or coated on one
half of their surfaces with a silvered or other like surface resembling a mirror
while the other half a is similar to the bowls of arc lamps now in use, the form of
the bowl itself being immaterial.
Instead of forming the reflecting surface wholly at one part of the lamp globe it
can 'if desired be divided and placed at opposite quarters."
In order to provide a reflecting arrangement which adapts itself to incandescent
lamps the looking glass reflector, which is in this case in the form of a cone shaped
glass shade 6 but. which may be of egg, tulip or like shape, is placed over the top
of the lamp a as shewn by Figure 4.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
A reflector for electric lighting characterized by the use of silvered mirror or
like coating or covering on a portion of the surface of the globe of an arc lamp or of
a shade over the globe of an incandescent lamp for the purpose of causing the light
rays to be reflected in a certain direction only, substantially as described with
reference to the annexed drawings.
Dated this 12th day of December 1894.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.
Improved Life Buoy or Belt.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left. 8th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 30th Mar., 1895
Improved Life Buoy or Belt.
JOHN MARK RICHARDS 20 Ellison Road, Streatham Common S.W. do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
An improvement on the present buoys used; in the manner of fitting same to the
bodies of the persons requiring use of same. The improvement I wish to effect is
to do away with the necessity of putting the buoy over one's head when to be used.
To do this my buoy is hinged or pivoted so that it can be opened and clasped under
the arms direct; and by means of a flexible spring (of metal or the like) it is when
released immediately closed, & resumes its proper & original shape.
Dated this 10th day of October 1894.
Improved Le Buoy or Belt.
I, JOHN MARK RICHARDS, of 20 Ellison Road, Streatham Common, S.W. do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to life saving buoys or belts made in two parts or halves so
hinged or jointed that said halves can be opened outwardly to be placed round the
body then to close under the arms direct due to the action of a spring or springs
with which they are provided.
According to the present construction of life saving buoys or belts, they are
formed as a continuous ring in shape, and are often with difficulty thrust over the
head, and drawn down over the shoulders to occupy a position under the arms of
the persons using them. By my invention, this difficulty does not exist, as if the
spring or springs are arranged to yield sufficiently the life saving belt can be opened
out and spread around the body directly into the position intended for them.
My invention will be clearly understood by inspection of the annexed drawings.
Figure 1 is a plan elevation of one forin of hinged halves, the two combined and
movable on the central hinge or joint to be opened out as shown in dotted lines
and to close under the action of the spring enclosed in the article within the smaller
diameter.
Figure 2 represents a similar belt with an outside hinge, the belt being in an
opened out condition and closed, as per the dotted lines, the closed condition being
dependent upon the contraction of the spring as with the first mentioned figure.
A, A, are the two halves of a belt. B the hinge or joint. C the spring indicated
in Figure 2 as under tension. D are the hand cords.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The manufacture of life saving buoys or belts in two parts or halves suitably hinged

page_text: and self closable under the action of a spring, as described and substantially as
represented in the annexed drawings.
The 8th day of December 1894.
H.
GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said John Mark Richards.
Improvements in Horse Shoes
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1894
COME DELE ST MULTICATION,
Improvements in Horse Shoes,
I, JOHN WILLIAM Gledhill. of Grosvenor Street Sandal Cross Lane near
Wakefield Carting Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
Hitherto the shoes worn by horses during frosty or slippery weather have had
the heel and toe pieces sharpened or roughed by the blacksmith in order to
give the shoe a better grip of the ground and to prevent the animal from slipping,
to accomplish this object the shoes have to be taken off the feet, heated, beaten to
the desired sharpness and refixed which is a somewhat lengthy and expensive
process. Now my invention consists of chisel or wedge shaped studs which are
inserted into four holes which are made in the ordinary shoe two immediately
behind the front bar or toe piece and one immediately in front of each of the two
heel pieces, these studs are driven into the said holes by a hammer or any other
suitable instrument and will remain in their proper position until they are released
by means of chisel or any similar instrument acting as a lever and giving an
upward pressure, the advantage gained by this invention is that the chisel or
wedge shaped studs can be inserted into the shoe or extracted therefrom in a very
short space of time by any ordinary person without having to take off or in any way
interfere with the ordinary state of the shoe and that the necessary grip to insure a
safe foothold is obtained.
I can also apply my said invention to horse shoes made without heel or toe
pieces.
In order to better explain my said invention I shall now describe the drawings
which accompany this Specification.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a horse shoe.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of a horse shoe.
A represents the front bar or toe piece.
B represents the two heel pieces.
C represents the chisel or wedge shaped studs immediately behind the toe
pieces.
D represents the chisel or wedge shaped studs immediately in front of each heel
piece.
E represents the holes which can be inserted into the ordinary style of shoe to
receive the said studs.
F represents the ordinary nail holes for securing the shoe to the horse's foot.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
The construction of a horse shoe with four holes for the purpose of inserting
chisel or wedge shaped studs in the positions named as herein described, and
illustrated by the said drawings.
Dated this 16th day of January 1894.
HENRY PERCIVAL DAWSON, F.S.P.A.,
21, Barstow Square, Wakefield, Agent for the Applicant.