matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN DREDGING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st July 1875.-A communication from abroad by Cyrın Leandre
Van der Elst, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DREDGING MACHINES," a communication to
me from abroad by Cyrın Leandro Van der Elst, of Paris, in the Republic
of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object dredging at various depths with
greater facility and with less power than has hitherto been found
practicable. It consists principally in the employment of hollow bucket
wheels and drums carrying buckets or scoops provided with lateral
coulters or knives and made perfectly water-tight, whereby they are
rendered very buoyant, hence a considerable reduction is effected in the
power required to drive them. These wheels may be constructed to
carry one or more series of buckets, and where two or more wheels are
employed to work together it is preferred to make them of different
diameters.

page_text: The bucket wheel is keyed upon a shaft the extremities of which are
supported in plummer blocks sliding in curved guides fixed on each
side of the wheel chamber, and is put in motion by a steam engine
driving an intermediate shaft provided with two pinions carrying
endless chains, by which the power is transmitted to two toothed wheels
fixed at the sides of the bucket wheel.
Round the centre of the bucket wheel there is wound a metal band
composed of jointed links, which form a receptacle to receive the
contents of the buckets, and convey the same to boats or to the
banks.
The shaft of the bucket wheel is provided with two rollers, each
resting on a wide metal band, one end of which is attached to a fixed
point and the other end wound upon a windlass, which admits of the
said band being lengthened or shortened, and by this action the carrying
shaft of the bucket wheel may be raised or lowered.
Two drums aro placed at the forward part of the boat which serve as
guides to the carrying band, and which may be adjusted in order to give
to the band the proper degree of rigidity, when the tension is disturbed
by altering the position of the wheel.
These bucket wheels may be applied to the two sides of a vessel and
the carrying band and coulters differently placed if desired.
For great depths and important dredging operations four wheels are
arranged at the sides of the vessel; they are furnished with chains of
buckets passing round water-tight drums lowered to the bottom of the
excavation. Each drum is adjusted by two racks worked by a winch
with multiplying gear, in order to regulate their position according to
the depth at which the scoops are to work.
The rubbish may be delivered as it is clovated at the four sides, or if
desired transversely by arranging the drum perpendicularly to the
wheels upon which the carrying bands are wound.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRESSES AND PILLOWS FOR USE ON SHIPBOARD, WHEREBY THEY MAY BE CONVERTED INTO LIFE PRESERVERS, LIFE MATTRESSES, AND OTHER LIFE SAVING APPARATUS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th January 1875.-A communication from abroad by J. Franklin
Peck, of Springfield, County of Hampden, and State of Massa-
chusetts, United States of America.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 58, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRESSES AND PILLOWS FOR USE ON
SHIPBOARD, WHEREBY THEY MAY BE CONVERTED INTO LIFE PRESERVERS, LIFE
MATTRESSES, AND OTHER LIFE SAVING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention consists in substituting the hair of the
deer, elk, moose, antelope, mountain sheep, or mountain goat, as the
buoyant material for life saving apparatus on account of its great
superiority to any other substance for buoyancy and elasticity, it having
a floating power of more than twelve times its own weight, which it will
maintain for days together with constant immerson, which is more than
double that of the very best cork, while at the same time it will furnish
a mattress as luxurious as the best curled hair, and much more durable,
--

page_text: as has been evidenced by the many severe tests it has withstood when
used in other forms. To make this superiority most available I prepare
a mattress with pillows to be used on shipboard of which the following
is a description:—
The life mattress may be made in the ordinary form to fit any sized 5
berth and filled with the material above described, and may also be
fitted with life lines in the form of straps, bands, or ropes, running
around it or longitudinally along its edges, I also make it in the same
form, but shorter than the berth by the ordinary width of a pillow,
filling the space with two pillows made of suitable thickness to be used 1
with the mattress, and filled with the same material. These pillows can
be instantly converted into a life preserver more comfortable and con-
venient than anything before known, and of greater buoyancy.
For the purpose of applying this preserver to the person I fit it with
straps, fastening the upper strap firmly to both pillows but leaving 1
sufficient spaco between them to slip the head up through the aperture
and fit the strap down upon the shoulders, thus preventing the pillows
from falling lower. The other straps I fasten firmly to one pillow,
leaving the ends of sufficient length to encircle the body and the other
pillow. When needed for use the head is passed up through the upper 2
strap, thus bringing the pillow with the other straps attached on the
back, and the other straps are brought around the body and the other
pillow and firmly fastened in front by buckles or tying, in which position
they afford protection to the body and cannot be displaced, while it does
not in the least degree interfere with any movement of the body or limbs 2
that may be desired.
"
A
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Achille Vintras at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th August 1875.
I, LOUIS ACHILLE VINTRAS, of 141, Regent Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Médecin de l'Ambassade de France, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a convenient means of
passing along a railway train whilst in motion.
I attach along one or both sides of each carriage a plank or continuous
step securely fixed upon brackets. This plank or step forms a gangway,
from which the several compartments of the carriages are entered.
Along the outer edge of the gangway I arrange at intervals apart
uprights, which are also connected with the carriage at their upper ends
above the tops of the doorways. Attached to the uprights are horizontal
guard rails to afford protection to persons passing along the gangway,
and to prevent the possibility of their falling off or being injured by
passing trains. A hinged flap at the end of each carriage renders the

page_text: gangway continuous along the train, and the protection is also continued
from carriage to carriage, the intervals being guarded by cords, or
chains, or wickets, which however can readily be removed or opened
when the train is stationary to allow passengers to mount or alight.
The carriage doors are arranged to slide upon guides parallel to the
side of the carriage, in place of opening upon hinges as is now usual.
The gangway is intended especially for the use of the guard and
ticket collector, but also can be used by passengers in cases of
emergency.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAIL- WAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th June 1875.-A communication from abroad by Gustave
Paternotte, of Binche, and Victor Larmoyeaux, of Naine, St. Pierre,
both in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAIL-
WAYS AND TRAMWAYS," a communication to me from abroad by Gustave
Paternotte, of Binche, and Victor Larmoyenux, of Naine, St. Pierre,
both in the Kingdom of Belgium), to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to novel constructions of wrought-iron sleepers
for fixing the rails of railways and tramways, applicable to every shape
of rail and to any guage.
The advantages of this new principle are economy and security, as the
way once laid cannot get out of order, and the proper gauge is every
where securely maintained.

page_text: ་
As shown on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, the rails are
fixed to the sleepers by means of bolts or pins with keys in lieu of the
wooden wedges hitherto used, which when submitted to a warm tem-
´perature shrink, and under the joltings caused by the passage of the
trains fall out, permitting the rails to bend, the result being breakages,
running off the rails, loss of time and material, and accidents, the
occurrence of which upon all railways, but particularly upon the
underground railways of collieries causes a compulsory stoppage of
work, whereas by this Invention the rails are so firmly fixed to the
sleepers as to need little or no inspection or keeping in repair as
compared with the ordinary methods, which exact a daily superin-
tendance and continual renewal of wedges. This system also gives the
advantage that if by any chance two sleepers should break, the two good
ends may be welded again into a sleeper as strong as a new one.
.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING COMPOSITION TO HANDLES FOR FORMING SKIN RASPS FOR THE HANDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Henry Musgrave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th April 1875.
I, SAMUEL HENRY MUSGRAVE, 8, Middleton Road, Camden Road,
Islington, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING COMPOSITION TO HANDLES FOR FORMING SKIN RASPS
FOR THE HANDS," to be as follows:-
I use a composition of Portland cement, pummice stone, zinc, chalk,
fine sand, emery, crushed glass, common clay, Stourbridge, China, pipe
clay, or other suitable material; these I form into a mass by the addition
of india-rubber, gutta percha, gums, boiled oil, white lead, or water; I
then coat the portion of the handle required by the means of pressure or
other method.
The handles I use of various shapes, sizes, and colours.
I sometimes use metal, wood, bone, horn, india-rubber, vulcanite,
gutta percha, papier maché, composition, or other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR MAKING ELASTIC LOOPED FABRICS FOR SURGICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Keywood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1875.
I, WILLIAM KEYWOOD, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR
MAKING ELASTIC LOOPED FABRICS FOR SURGICAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
-
I employ a pulley secured on the slur wheel axle attached to the
usual hand frame; round this pulley I pass a cord or chain attached
at each end to the jack machine so as to cause it to traverse alternately
from one side to the other, so as to place the points carried by the jacks
in the positions required; there are also two pins or arms which project
from the lower side of the jack machine, to each of which is secured a
cord which are passed over pulleys at the back of the frame. The
outer ends of these cords are weighted so as to cause the machine
to rise to the required height, such position being readily adjusted
by a screw or screws passed through the machine arm or arms at
each end of the frame. The said screws act upon plates attached to the

page_text: machine, or the screws may be passed through the plates and act upon
the machine arm or arms. Attached to the cords are screwed rods, each
provided with lock nuts or cotters. These rods are passed through holes
in two perforated plates attached to the spring feet. These plates falling
upon the lock nuts or cotters as the frame is brought forward cause the 5
jack machine to fall to the required position. By apparatus arranged as
above described I am enabled to operate the tying-in thread with a
carrier instead of by hand.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CULTIVATOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walter Barton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1875.
I, WILLIAM WALTER BARTON, of Brasted, near Sevenoaks, in the
County of Kent, Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CULTIVATOR," to be as
follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide an implement of light
draught that will loosen the soil, and admit air and moisture freely to
the roots of growing plants. To this end I construct a cultivator
somewhat in the form of a plough, fitting thereto a novel arrangement
of share socket piece and mould plate, which when the implement is
drawn through the ground will cut a furrow and leave the soil loose at
either side thereof. The frame of the plough or cultivator, which may
be made either of wood or iron, is fitted with a pair of handles and with
a short beam, and it is provided with a sole plate of wrought iron.
The nose of the plough frame is tapered to receive a tapering socket
piece of cast iron, which takes the form of an arch in cross section,

page_text: increasing in diameter gradually towards the rear. To the front end of
this socket piece is fitted a share, which terminates in a straight or
chisel edge. The share is made to taper in its vertical section, so as to
continue the taper lines of the socket piece. In rear of this socket piece
a double winged mould plate is fitted to the plough frame, its vertical
angle being such as to throw off the loose soil laterally so soon as it
comes in contact therewith, and to lay it on opposite sides of the furrow
made by the advancing share. The depth of the cut is determined by
an adjustable foot piece fitted to the beam, which is also provided with
a hake for the attachment of a draught horse thereto. This cultivator is 1
specially intended for use in hop fields, it being passed up and down
between the rows of hop poles, but it is also applicable for the opening
of furrows for potatoe planting and like uses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HANDLES FOR BAGS, PORTMANTEAUS, RUG STRAPS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Myring at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1875.
I, CHARLES MYRING, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HANDLES FOR BAGS, PORTMANTEAUS,
RUG STRAPS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
1
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of a solid strong
leather covered handle suitable for bags, portmanteaus, rug straps, and
other similar articles, and it consists in forming the handle of any
convenient form in metal of any kind or of any suitable solid material,
with the ears formed in one piece or solid with the grip or handle. For
this purpose I prefer to employ iron either solid or tubular, covering it
entirely with leather, or for cheaper goods as far as the handle only,
enamelling or painting the ears to resemble stitched leather,

page_text: When employed as a handle for rug straps a slot is formed in each of
the ears, through which slots the straps are passed, the solid handle
acting also as a stretcher to keep the straps apart.
For bags and other uses requiring a falling handle the ring or
connection with the frame passes through the end of the solid core of 5
the handle, the cars being dispensed with, by which arrangement a
much stronger and more durable connection is made.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SMOOTH AND BRIGHT CAST IRON
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1875.-A communication from abroad by Charles Louis
Collignon, of Liancourt (Oise), France, Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING
SMOOTH AND BRIGHT CAST IRON," a communication to me from abroad by ·
Charles Louis Collignon, of Liancourt (Oise), France, Manufacturer, to
be as follows :-
It has always been the practice in iron founderys to make small
castings in moulds of green sand and pulverized coal or founders'
blacking, but these castings are neither smooth nor bright.
The green sand is usually mixed with a tenth part of pulverized coal,
and it is necessary directly the pattern is removed and the mould re-
adjusted to sprinkle pulverized coal over it simply to facilitato the
removal of the castings from the sand,

page_text: This Invention dispenses. with the use of coal, charcoal, and the
smoking with tar or resin of the present mode of casting; it also
permits the manufacture of larger castings than hitherto made in green
sand, particularly because the tar mixed by this method sucks in the
humidity of the sand and causes it to dry of itself.
PREPARATION OF THE GREEN SAND FOR THE CASTING.
The pulverized coal or founders' blacking is replaced by tar well
mixed with the green sand, the preparation being the same as with coal.
The proportion of one-twentieth of tar has been found to give good
results, but any suitable quantity may be used.
The casting is smooth and bright because the tar mixed with the
green sand prevents the casting sticking to the sand, encourages the
escape of gas, and prevents the formation of blisters, flaws, or blow
holes.
SAVING OF EIGHTY PER CENT. IN THE MANUFACTURE.
About twenty-five gallons of tar will replace about four hundred-
weight of pulverized coal, giving a saving of about eighty per cent. in
labour and material.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN FUEL ECONOMIZERS For Household and Other Fire Ranges
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Atkinson, Edwin
Mann, and William Henry Mann, at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th November 1875.
We, WILLIAM ATKINSON, the younger, EDWIN MANN, and WILLIAM
HENRY MANN, all of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN FUEL ECONOMIZERS
For Household and Other Fire Ranges,” to be as follows :—
Our improvements consist in an adjustable apparatus to be applied
to fire ranges of ordinary construction, and has for its object the
economizing of fuel, and is as hereafter described.
We employ a metal grate which may be curved or straight to suit the
various forms of the bars of fire ranges.
This grate is provided with adjustable hooks; these hooks are fitted in
slots, so that the adjustment can take place in a vertical direction.
The bars in the grate may either be placed in a horizontal or vertical
direction, and are arranged much closer together than the bars of uny
ordinary fire range.

page_text: This grate is placed within the fire range and hooked on to one of the
bars thereof by means of the herein-before mentioned adjustable hooks.
The object of this arrangement is to prevent the cinders falling from
the fire before they are properly consumed, and by the arrangement of
adjustable hooks the grates can be adapted to any depth of fire range.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS for Locking or FASTENING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Bazelaire at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1875.
I, EMILE BAZELAIRE, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the
Republic of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS for Locking or FASTENING,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the construction of an apparatus for closing,
locking, uniting, or attaching together separate articles in such a manner
as to prevent their subsequent separation without violence except when
the proper key is employed.
The apparatus is constructed of a metal spindle, each end of which is
passed into a safety box. One side of the spindle is formed with a
circular notch or neck, and its corresponding box is provided with owo
plates moved by two springs, and which can lock the neck so as to
prevent the release of the spindle. A suitable key acting on a cam by
which the two plates are separated allows of opening the same. The
other side of the spindle is also provided with circular grooves, and its

page_text: corresponding box is provided with a ring, into which pass two vertical
blades formed with notches like saw teeth, in such a manner that once
the spindle enters the teeth take into the notches and prevent it coming
out; a suitable key also allows of opening it. A curved piece unites
the two boxes and thus forms them into a padlock. I can also employ
one box only with the portion of the spindle corresponding with it, or
two similar boxes.
AN IMPROVED PRESS SUITABLE FOR COPYING AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the
28th December 1875.-A. communication from abroad by George
Northwood Oakley, and Reuben Quarrill, both of Melbourne, Colony
of Victoria, Journalists.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PRESS SUITABLE
FOR COPYING AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," a communication, to be as
follows:-
This press consists of two halves connected by strong hinges. The
book, paper, or other article to be pressed is placed between these two
halves, which are then drawn together by pressing upon the end of a
lever hinged to the lower half, which gears into a spring catch attached
to the upper half. The hinges are so made as to admit of a space

page_text: between the two halves when parallel to each other for the reception of
a letter, book, or whatever else may be required to be pressed.
For papyrographic purposes I use a pad consisting of a bottom layer
of cardboard, a second layer of india-rubber, and a covering of velvet.
I also use a frame for covering such pad and chemically prepared paper.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT TO BE EMPLOYED IN SLAUGHTERING OXEN, HORSES, AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charles Mayer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1875.
I, HENRY CHARLES MAYER, of Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex,
3 Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT TO BE EMPLOYED IN SLAUGHTERING OXEN, HORSES, AND
OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:―
My instrument substantially consists of a tube or cylinder provided
with a spring, to which tube or cylinder another tube or cylinder is
fitted free to slide up and down therein, and such second tube or cylinder
is provided at the top with a head, which I prefer should be inclined to
the centre so as to tend to throw the force of the blow more directly to
the centre. A spindle is attached to the head of the instrument, having
the lower part as a blade furnished with a cutting edge, by preference
of a diamond shape; said spindle and blade working inside said tubes or
cylinders.

page_text: animal is fitted over that part of the spine termed the medulla oblongata,
or the connection between the brain and the spinal cord. The head of
the instrument when so fitted is then struck and the blade enters the
neck of the animal, dividing the medulla and thereby causing instant
and almost painless death.
A blinder may be, if desired, used for covering the eyes of the animal
when being slaughtered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BED QUILTS, QUILTED PETTICOATS, AND OTHER PADDED ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Thorpe Pearson and
David Turner Pearson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th December 1875.
We, THOMAS THORPE PEARSON and DAVID TURNER PEARSON, both of
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BED QUILTS, QUILTED PETTICOATS, AND OTHER PADDED ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
In manufacturing bed quilts, quilted petticoats, and other similar
articles, it has heretofore been customary to employ eider down, feathers,
silk, wool, or other materials which are secured between woven fabrics
tacked together; these materials are expensive and increase the cost of
the articles produced. Now our Invention consists in the application
of the waste material known as cotton fly for the padding of bed quilts,
quilted petticoats, and other similar articles. This cotton fly is produced

page_text: in raising the nap on cotton blankets and other cotton fabrics, and it has
hitherto been considered of very little commercial value.
The quilted articles manufactured with cotton fly between woven
fabrics are considerably cheaper than those produced from the ordinary
materials, and are equally serviceable.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF REMOVING PHOSPHORUS FROM IRON ORES AND REFINING SLAG OR SCORIA
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustave Velge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1875.
I, GUSTAVE VELGE, of Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS OF REMOVING PHOSPHORUS FROM IRON ORES AND REFINING SLAG OR
SCORIA," to be as follows:-
Principle of my Invention.-If there be thoroughly mixed with
phosphorous ores or the slag or scoria obtained in the manufacture of
iron a quantity of alkaline bases or salts regulated by the contents in
phosphate and by the chemical formula of these alkaline compounds,
and if the mixture is brought to a red heat a phosphate is formed soluble
in water, or in water slightly acidulated; therefore, when the reaction
is complete the phosphorus may be separated from the iron by washing,
the iron remaining almost entirely insoluble.
The alkaline compound which I prefer to use is chloride of sodium or
bay salt, by reason of its low price.
Application.-The ores, if not naturally pulverulent, or the scoriae
obtained in the refining, are crushed as fine as possible; they are then

page_text: thoroughly mixed with finely crushed salt, in the proportion of about
five to one of the phosphorus to be removed. This mixture is heated to
a red heat in a reverberating furnace, and when it ceases to disengage
chlorine the substance is made to fall at a red heat into water acidulated
with a little chlorhydric acid. If any lumps should remain they can be ŏ
easily crushed. The substance is thus left as long as possible, and the
water renewed once or several times.
The whamhoto man ho chéniend fan the
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERS, BOXES, OR CASES FOR HOLDING CIGARETTE PAPERS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1875.-A communication from abroad by Henri Constantin
Marie Richard Koenig, of Paris, France.
I, PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERS, BOXES, OR
CASES FOR HOLDING CIGARETTE PAPERS AND OTHER ARTICLES," (a communication
to me from abroad by Henri Constantin Marie Richard Koenig, of Paris,
France), to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists,―
First. In the application to and employment of metal ornamented or
decorated, or not, in any desired way for forming covers, boxes, or cases
for holding cigarette papers, instead of the papers being gummed or
stitched together, as at present is the case.
Second. In the construction and employment of a particular kind of
sliding case containing the sheets of paper, as hereafter described.

page_text: Third. In the construction and employment of a knob or button
stamped and formed out of one piece of metal, and a mode of attaching
same to holder containing the paper.
Fourth. In the application and employment of cases, such as those
hereafter described for holding needles, pins, and other small articles.
The metal case is by preference made of a rectangular shape,
although it may be made of any other convenient or desired form, and
open at both ends, in the interior of which there is a kind of clip, also
made of metal, in which the cut sheets of paper are adjusted in any
desired manner, preferably by means of a simple metal wire which
passes through the whole of them at one of their ends. A metal button
passing into a groove formed in the metallic cover or case is fixed to the
clip, which receives the paper in such manner that to take out a sheet
of cigarette paper the button is pushed into the groove sufficiently to
cause the cigarette papers to be pushed out sufficiently far to be taken
hold of by the band, the sheets not being stuck or fastoned together, as
is usually the case. By pushing back the button the packet of cigarette
papers is caused to re-enter the case.
Boxes or cases made in the manner before described are applicable for
holding other articles, such as needles and pins.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES AND TUBES FOR SMOKING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Blumfeld at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1875.-A communication from abroad by S. Hecht and
Company, of Saint Claude, Jura, France.
I, LOUIS BLUMFELD, of the Firm of Adolph Frankau and Company,
of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, Merchants, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES
AND TUBES FOR SMOKING," communicated to me from abroad by S. Hecht
and Company, of Saint Claude, Jura, France, to be as follows :-
-
The object of this Invention is to construct pipes and tubes for
smoking in such manner that the mouth-piece can be withdrawn from
the stem for purposes of cleaning the parts, and yet when withdrawn
the stem and mouth-piece shall still be combined or connected and not
in two distinct portions as heretofore. For this purpose I fix on each
side of the mouth-piece moveable slotted guides or plates which travel
or slide along the lower part of the stem, and which are guided in their
travel by pins, studs, or screws on the said stem.

page_text: When it is desired to separate the parts for cleaning or otherwise the
mouth-piece is withdrawn from the stem and allowed to fall, but it
will still be in connection with or held to the stem by the moveable
slotted guides or plates, which depend from the pins, studs, or screws on
the stem.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO OR CONNECTED WITH LAMPS AND OTHER LIGHT SUPPLIERS AND BURNERS, AND APPARATUS THROUGH WHICH GAS IS SUPPLIED TO BURNERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry George Hellier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th April 1875.
I, HENRY GEORGE HELLIER, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO OR CONNECTED WITH LAMPS AND OTHER LIGHT SUPPLIERS AND
BURNERS, AND APPARATUS THROUGH WHICH GAS IS SUPPLIED TO BURNERS," to bo
as follows:-
1
This Invention has reference to the use of carbon, or carbon combined
with other substances as hereafter described, so as to enable the same to
fulfil the office of a wick where a light is required, as in lamps used in
combustion of oils, either mineral or vegetable, being also applicable
to a candle or night light where the cotton wick will be replaced by a
wick made of carbon or a carbon combination.
The combination I use is carbon mixed with cotton pulp, asbestos,
whitening, chalk, pipeclay, putty, pumicestone, lime, fullers' earth,
plaster of Paris, or suitable materials, and the wick formed by a com-
bination of these substances.

page_text: In applying my Invention to lamps I usually dispense with the wick
now used, and in place thereof insert a piece of pure carbon or carbon in
combination with either cotton pulp, asbestos, whitening, chalk, pipe-
clay, putty, pumicestone, lime, fullers' earth, plaster of Paris, or
suitable materials, at the point where the light is applied, such piece
being of such length that it decends through and into the oil used in
combustion, or as I prefer extends only a short distance with the
ordinary cotton wick placed below, so that the oil for combustion rises
first through the cotton wick and thence through the piece or wick of
carbon alone or in combination as above described.
]
Where gas is used the burner is fitted with a carbon holder supplied
or filled in with carbon or the combination, and the gas for combustion
passes through same to the opening in the burner, the carbon forming a
filter for purifying the gas, or if preferred the carbon is placed at the
meter, so that the gas for combustion is filtered as it leaves the 1
same.
•
When the carbon or carbon combined with cotton pulp, asbestos,
whitening, chalk, pipeclay, putty, pumicestone, lime, fullers' earth,
plaster of Paris, or suitable materials is applied to lamps, I prefer to fit
over the same a piece of wire gauze, or the lamp may be so constructed 2
with the top of the burner covering the wick, said top being perforated
with holes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WRINGING SKEINS OF SILKOR ANY OTHER SPUN MATERIAL, AND SEPARATING THE THREADS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Sauvée at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
October 1875.-A. communication from abroad by Cesar Corron,
Merchant, of St. Etienne, Republic of France.
I, ALBERT SAUVÉE, of 22, Parliament Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Oivil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WRINGING SKEINS OF SILKOR
ANY OTHER SPUN MATERIAL, AND SEPARATING THE THREADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in wringing
skeins of silk or any other spun material, and separating the threads,
whereby those operations in the various stages of manipulation which
precede and follow the dipping of the skeins in the dyeing vat, at
present done by hand labour, are to be done by machinery.

page_text: plumber blocks and a shaft A, on this shaft is mounted the pinion Q
gearing with the cog wheel R. and keyed on to the pole B, which thereby
receives a rotary motion.
The second part of the machine oscillates upon the axle O; it consists
of a rocking beam or beater E attached at its lower end to the axle O
by means of two plumber blocks S, S. On these plumber blocks are
fixed two counterweights N, N, whose weight can be altered if required;
the position of these counterweights is so regulated that their centre of
gravity is above the horizontal plane passing through the axis O; at the
top of the rocking beam is a cross piece D, at each end of which is
mounted a plumber block which carries the staff C, these plumber
blocks being so designed as to admit of the easy removal of the staff
(Sheet 1, Fig. 2). At the lower end of the beam E, and in an opening
cut to that effect, is mounted the roller K. The cam L in turning
round with the axle M knocks against this roller and gives to the
beam E its rocking motion. The cam works at the rate of about 100
etrakes ner minute
The silk skein is hung on the pole B and slipped on the staff C, which
is then well secured in bearers. To do this operation more casily the
rocking beam is brought to its highest position. The cam is then
started, which striking the roller K pushes the rocking beam with
increased speed on account of the shape of the cam; the speed com-
municated to the beam is such that it continues to travel after the cam
has released the roller, but soon under the tension of the skein and the
counterweights N, N, it returns to its original highest position; the
strokes are repeated as often as required. The skein is then slipped
off and a new one put in its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING ALL KINDS OF WOVEN FABRICS WHICH HERETOFORE HAVE BEEN MADE IN LOOMS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Beardsley, of the Town and County of
the Town of Nottingham, Lace Maker, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE
MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING ALL KINDS OF WOVEN FABRICS WHICH
HERETOFORE HAVE BEEN MADE IN LOOMS."
Scaled the 21st September 1875, and dated the 26th July 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Beardsley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th July 1875.
I, GEORGE BEARDSLEY, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Lace Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO BOBBIN NET OR
TWIST LACE MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING ALL KINDS OF WOVEN FABRICS WHICH
HERETOFORE HAVE BEEN MADE IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-

page_text: A shed is formed between the carriage bobbin threads and the warp
threads at the front and back alternately, between which weft threads
are alternately passed and taken up by the front and back points. Each
weft is composed of one or more threads supplied from one or more
spools. The breadths of fabric made have cach two wefts thrown
alternately at the front and back of the warp threads by means of two
guides or shuttles traversed independently of each other alternately:
said guides or shuttles ride upon slides, each of which are operated by a
gut, cord, or chain, attached at cach end and passed over two pulleys,
and a wheel provided with a toothed pinion driven by a toothed rack:
operated by levers moved by cams on a shaft provided with a toothed
bevel-wheel gearing into a similar wheel on the driving shaft of the
machinc
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR PURSES, PORTMONNAIES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard James Secundus Joyce
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th November 1875.-A communication from abroad by
Franz Weintraud, of Offenbach, Hesse Darmstadt, Manufacturer.
I, RICHARD JAMES SECUNDUS JOYCE, of 18, Aldermanbury, in the
City of London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR PURSES, PORTMONNAIES, AND
OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to those fasteners in which a body plate and a
hinged flap plate are attached to the wall of a purse or like article, and
having a holed plate on the flap of the purse as a means of securing one
to the other.
The Invention consists in forming spike projections on the side edges
of the body plate, which projections can be passed through a portion of a
purse, portmonnaie, or other like article, and be burred or bent down upon
the inner face to hold the body plate in position. The side edges when
turned up by the shaping tool or press have a portion of each bulged out

page_text: to form pockets for the reception of lips or projections on the flat plate,
the two, i.e., the pockets and the projections acting in unison as a hinge
upon which the flap can move. The inner or back end of the flap has a
tongue to bear upon the free end of a spring, which is rivetted to the
back of body plate, the head of the rivet being on the front and serving
as the stud, over which the holed plate, as a hasp on the flap of the purse
or other article is passed when it has to be secured.
By this Invention the fastener as a whole is composed of fewer
pieces, the ordinary back plate and rivet pins to secure the fastener to
the leather as also the separate hinge pin are dispensed with in
addition to the eyes on the flap plate through which the hinge pin
usually passes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACKETS FOR MEN AND BOYB
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Howley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1875.
I, MICHAEL HOWLEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Tailor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
JACKETS FOR MEN AND BOYB," to be as follows:—
The object of my Invention is to economize cloth in cutting out and
labour in making up jackets or short coats to be worn by men and boys.
For these purposes I make the body, that is to say, the back, sides,
shoulders, and fore part, of two pieces of cloth, cut each to the proper
shape from a web or length of woven fabric; in making up there is
therefore only one seam down the back, and one over each shoulder.
The sleeves are formed and connected in any ordinary way.
By cutting out and making up jackets and short coats in the manner
described the cloth required for lap in side scams is saved, and there is
economy in labour in respect that stitching of the said side seams is
unnecessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Edward Pinching at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th May 1875.
I, ARCHIBALD EDWARD PINCHING, of Gravesend, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY LAMPS," to be as
follows:-
Hitherto in the construction of safety lamps in which glass has been
employed it has been necessary to use glass of sufficient thickness to
resist a blow or to guard against fracture or breakage, and in such
comparative small proportion to the chimney of the lamp as is con-
sidered compatible with safety by the employment of such thick glass
and of glass bearing such a small proportion to the chimney of the lamp,
but a small proportion of the illumination actually produced by the
burning of the lamp is obtained.
Now this Invention relates to an improved construction of safety
lamp in the employment of which greater illumination will be obtained
and the consequent advantages will result, and it consists in constructing

page_text: the cylinder or chimney of the lamp of a combination of wire gauze, and
of what is now known as toughened glass.
In carrying out my Invention I construct a safety lamp as follows:-
The lamp and the reservoir for the oil is placed as in the ordinary safety
lamp at the interior portion of the apparatus, and upon and to this is
attached a compound cylinder or chimney, the lower portion of which
consists of fine wire gauze, and the upper portion is made of toughened
glass, the same being covered at the upper portion with wire gauze.
The lamp is provided with a spindle and ratchet wheel, so as to regulato
the flame, which spindle and ratchet wheel are placed in connection
with the wick of the lamp.
The lamp is surrounded with the usual protecting wires, and with
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONVERTIBLE DESKS AND SEATS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Cameron at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1875.
I, PETER CAMERON, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CONVERTIBLE DESKS AND SEATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of a combined desk and seat
or form, the desk being so constructed that it can be at any time.
converted into a second seat.
By the use of this Invention a school room can in a few minutes be
adapted for use as a lecture or concert room or a chapel without
removing any of the seats or desks which may be fastened firmly in
their places, sufficient room being left for access to all the seats.
By a slight modification also the desks instead of being converted into
additional seats may be so arranged as to form tables when required.
From a bottom rail or base plate at each end of the combined desk and
seat rise two cast-iron standards, one of a sufficient height to carry the

page_text: permanent form or seat (which may be made either with or without a
back rail) and the other somewhat higher.
The upper part of the second standard has hinged to it a bracket,
which when raised up into its highest position makes the standard so
much higher, and to these brackets (one at each end and intermediate
ones if necessary) the plank forming the slope of the desk is fixed at a
suitable angle. When these brackets are turned down into their lowest
position (passing through an arc of about ninety degrees), they hang
down at the back of the standards, and the plank which before formed
the slope of the desk, now forms a second seat or form facing in the
same direction as the fixed seat.
To the upper part of the brackets is fixed a book board, which is
beneath the slope when the desk is used, but when the desk is converted
into an additional seat forms a back rail to that seat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS, AND. IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Nimmo, of Balcastle Villa, Slamanan, in
the County of Stirling; North Britain, Coalmaster, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS, AND. IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
.
Sealed the 21st January 1876, and dated the 10th November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Nimmo at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1875.
I, JAMES NIMMO, of Balcastle Villa, Slamanan, in the County of
Stirling, North Britain, Coalmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLLING ON RAILWAYS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows; that is to
say :-

page_text: guards, and passengers in the event of a train running over that part of
a line of railway against which a danger signal has been set, and in the
second place to produce audible signals at a distance on the occasion of
such an occurrence.
The first part of the Invention consists of a short bar or pillar carried
upon a pin or equivalent joint, upon which it is capable of moving after
the manner of a hinge joint; this bar or pillar being situated at one side
of the line of rails, and at a short distance therefrom. This moveable
bar or pillar is connected by a wire or otherwise to the lever in the
signalman's box by which the danger signal is or may be operated, so
that when the danger signal is set the moveable bar or pillar is raised
into an upright position. The moveable bar or pillar is also provided
with a spring for the purpose of allowing it to yield when struck by the
projections on the engine, vans, or carriages, as herein-after set forth. The
engine, guard's van, and as many carriages as desired, are provided with
levers, which project from the sides or bottoms thereof, and in the event
of the danger signal being set and the train running beyond the post or
pillar, these levers strike against the post or pillar, and being connected
by wire, chains, or rods to either whistles or bells on the engine, guard's
van, and carriages, sound them, and thereby produce an audible signal
throughout the train, thus announcing the fact that the train had run
beyond a danger signal.
The second part of this Invention, namely, that relating to the pro-
duction of an audible signal at a distance when a train has run beyond
a danger signal, consists in also coupling to the danger signal lever in
the signalman's box one or more stops or tappets, which when the
danger signal is set are raised at the side of the rails, so that the wheels
of a train which have run past the danger signal depress the stops and
ring a bell, either at the signal box, or a bell fixed on the signal board,
or semaphore, or elsewhere.