IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Charpentier, of No. 8, Boulevard de Clichy, Paris, in
the Republic of France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Charpentier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1876.
PAUL CHARPENTIER, of No. 8, Boulevard de Clichy, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND IN THE APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH."
My Invention consists in an improved furnace constructed of a closed fire-place
receiving the fuel from the sides, of one or more apparatuses for supplying the air
necessary for combustion, and which is introduced simultaneously below and above
the grate, and of an apparatus for retaining a portion of the heat from the hot gases
as they enter the chimney.
The fire-place is provided with a horizontal grate and two inclined grates, over
which slides the fuel coming from two hoppers at the sides in which the fuel is
stored. The air to support the combustion is introduced by longitudinal pipes
placed parallel to the grates, either at the entrance or near the bridge. These
pipes are partitioned to effect a uniform distribution of the cold or hot air. In
tubular boilers a certain number of the tubes thereof may be employed to replace
the said pipes.
The air is supplied to the pipes by a blowing apparatus, consisting of a truncated
cone capable of sliding backwards or forwards longitudinally in another truncated
cone in such a manner as to produce a variable annular section, allowing steam or
gas to escape at a certain pressure. I employ by preference steam, which I super-
heat by causing it to pass through a worm placed (for tubular boilers) at the
upper part of the fire-box, and for other furnaces in a cast-iron block countersunk
in the brick work of the furnace. The drawing in of the air or steam takes place at
the centre and periphery of an annular jet, and I prefer to group together at the
end of this apparatus a series of truncated cones moving longitudinally one within
the other, the power of suction of which is regulated by a current of superheateḍ
steam escaping from the first-described annular jet.
Die o.1

page_text: The heated gases pass through an apparatus where a great part of their heat is
left. This apparatus is constructed of a series of parallel tubes passing through a
vessel filled with water. These tubes project on each side into a smoke box
provided with suitably arranged partitions for forcing the gases to pass successively
through each of the tubes, or through any fixed series of tubes which will serve the 5
purpose of a worm.
The water vessel may be rectangular or cylindrical, and open to the air or not.
The temperature of the water may be lower or higher than boiling heat.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Paul Charpentier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st February
1877.
PAUL CHARPENTIER, of No. 8, Boulevard de Clichy, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND IN THE APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH.'
My Invention consists in an improved furnace constructed of a closed fire-place
receiving the fuel from the sides, of one or more apparatuses for supplying the air
necessary for combustion, and which is introduced simultaneously below and above
the grate, and of an apparatus for retaining a portion of the heat from the hot gases
as they enter the chimney.
The fire-place is provided with a horizontal grate and two inclined grates, over
which slides the fuel coming from two hoppers at the sides in which the fuel is
stored. The air to support the combustion is introduced by longitudinal pipes
placed parallel to the grates, either at the entrance or near the bridge. These pipes
are partitioned to effect a uniform distribution of the cold or hot air. In tubular
boilers a certain number of the tubes thereof may be employed to replace the said
pipes.
The air is supplied to the pipes by a blowing apparatus, consisting of a truncated
cone capable of sliding backwards or forwards longitudinally in another truncated
cone in such a manner as to produce a variable annular section, allowing steam or
gas to escape at a certain pressure. I employ by preference steam, which I super-
heat by causing it to pass through a worin placed (for tubular boilers) at the upper
part of the fire-box, and for other furnaces in a cast-iron block countersunk in the
brickwork of the furnace. The drawing in of the air or steam takes place at the
centre and periphery of an annular jet, and I prefer to group together at the end
of this apparatus a series of truncated cones moving longitudinally one within the
other, the power of suction of which is regulated by a current of superheated steami
escaping from the first-described annular jet.
The heated gases pass through an apparatus where a great part of their heat is
left. This apparatus is constructed of a series of parallel tubes passing through a
vessel filled with water. These tubes project on each side into a smoke box
provided with suitably arranged partitions for forcing the gases to pass successively
through each of the tubes, or through any fixed series of tubes which will serve the
purpose of a worm,
The water vessel may be rectangular or cylindrical, and open to the air or not.
The temperature of the water may be lower or higher than boiling heat.
To make my Invention better understood, I will proceed to describe the same by
reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 5, Sheet 1, is a longi-
tudinal section; and Figure 6, two half transverse sections taken in different
positions of my improved furnace.
The grate C is constructed of a horizontal part and two inclined parts. These
inclined parts are in communication with two loppers G placed laterally, into which
the fuel is fed. The ash-pit D is completely closed, and the necessary air is forced

page_text: therein through an opening E communicating with the blower herein-after described.
The steam for driving the blower is superheated by being caused to pass by a cast-
iron block sunk in the brickwork of the furnace at I
The superheater is shewn more in detail at Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 3. It
consists of a block A, in which the conduits B are placed, and in which the steam
coming from any suitable source circulates.
The air for the combustion of the hot gases is supplied by pipes, shewn at B,
Figure 5, and shewn separate at Figure 4, Sheet 1. These pipes consist of a tube
connected in any suitable manner to any source producing a current of hot or cold
air. To this tube is fixed a kind of box constructed of cast-iron partitions, allowing
the air to pass through the openings B, B¹, B¹¹, B, in such a manner as to
uniformly distribute the air at its egress.
Sheet 4 shews my improved blower.
It is constructed of a screw-threaded
truncated .cone A. moved by a handle D, and which can be advanced or drawn back
in such a manner as to diminish or increase the annular opening B, B, limited by a
second truncated cone surrounding the one herein-before described. Superheated
steam coming from the tube C passes through this annular opening, and draws along
the air entering by the opening A, A, and thence through the successive truncated
cones F, F, F; which may be fixed, as shewn, in the upper part of the section, or
arranged so that they may be fixed at variable distances, as shewn in the lower half
section, by means of a bolt G.
The hot gases coming from the furnace, after having heated the boiler or other
apparatus to be heated, are introduced into an apparatus shewn in transverse section
at Figure 2, and in longitudinal section at Figure 5, Sheet 3. This apparatus is
constructed of a series of tubes passing from one side to the other through a body
of water. The hot gases entering at A pass through a first series of tubes B, and
arriving at the other end they come back in the opposite direction through a second
series of tubes C, and so on, until they arrive at G, where they enter the chimney,
after having given off to the water a large portion of their heat.
Figure 6, Sheet 3, shews the method of adjusting the tubes in the tubular
plates.
Although I have described my Invention applied to a stationary furnace, it is
nevertheless applicable to other furnaces, and in particular to the furnaces of loco-
motives.
Figure 1, Sheet 2, shews a longitudinal section in various positions of a loco-
motive, the furnace of which is arranged according to my Invention. Figure 7,
Sheet 3, shews a transverse section of the locomotive.
The grate C is placed above a closed ash-pit, into which the blast is injected at B
by the improved blower (shewn in dotted lines at A). The hot gases arrive at the
top of the fire-box D, whence they enter the boiler through the tubes E. Arrived
in the smoke box they then return by the two sides of the boiler by entering the
tubes G forming part of the recuperators of the heat. At H the gases return
through the lower tubes J of the heat recuperators P, and enter the chimney at K.
A blower V placed in front of the locomotive forces in air through the lowest tubes
of the boiler, and this air escapes through conical pipes, shewn in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, Sheet 1, and is thrown into the midst of the hot gases coming from the fuel.
When I wish to draw in steam at any desired point I arrange the escape as shewn
at I, Figure 1, Sheet 2. I close the tube, as shewn in dotted lines, and I set in
motion a blower M, which directs the escape steam to the required point.
Having thus described my said Invention, and the best means with which I am
acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details herein laid down and shewn in the
Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the peculiar character
of my Invention, but what I claim is,―
Firstly. The combination of the blower, the furnace with a blast, and of the
apparatus for recuperating the heat of the hot gases, applied to heating apparatuses

page_text: of all kinds, as herein-before described and represented in Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 1;
Figure 1, Sheet 2; and Figure 7, Sheet 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The construction of the blower, Sheet 4, as herein-before described and
shewn, when applied to heating apparatuses, or for other purposes.
Thirdly. The apparatus for recuperating heat, as described and shewn in Figures 4
and 5, Sheet 3; Figure 1, Sheet 2; and Figure 7, Sheet 3, when applied to heating
apparatuses or for other purposes.
Fourthly. The method of feeding, herein-before described and shewn in Figure 6,
Sheet 1, when applied to heating apparatuses, and for other purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Charpentior, have hereto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
P. CHARPENTIER. (L.S.)