IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONTROLING CARBONIC ACID FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND TRANSPORT OF ÆRATED WATERS, FOR MOTIVE POWER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."AL SPFICATION
Year: 1876

page_text: - LETTERS PATENT to William Cowley, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND
CONTROLING CARBONIC ACID FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND TRANSPORT OF
ÆRATED WATERS, FOR MOTIVE POWER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cowley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1876.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
WILLIAM COWLEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONTROLING CARBONIC ACID FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE AND TRANSPORT OF ÆRATED WATERS, FOR MOTIVE POWER, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object greater ease, expedition, and simplicity of mani-
pulation in the manufacture and transport of soda water, and the application of
motive power. It consists, first, in an apparatus for manufacturing carbonic acid;
and, second, in apparatus for storing, transporting, and using the same.
1st. I construct a cylinder or other strong reservoir for holding hydrochloric acid;
this I usually make of cast or wrought iron coated with a protective paint, com-
position, or enamel.
2nd. On a lower level I construct another cylinder, called the generating cylinder,
with a man-hole for introducing limestone or chalk; this is connected with the acid:
reservoir by two pipes, one connecting the tops and the other the bottoms of the
two cylinders. Each pipe has a stop-cock to cut off communication, if desired; but
the cock on the acid pipe or pipe connecting the bottoms of the two cylinders is
made to be opened or automatically shut by an arrangement to be described in
part 3.
3rd. On or in the cover of the generating cylinder I construct a smaller cylinder
in which works a well packed plunger. The rod of this plunger projecting through
the stuffing box has a lever jointed to it, which turns the acid cock before described.
This lever is weighted to any desired pressure.
4th. Preferably on the same level with the generating cylinder I place the puri-
fying cylinder; this is in great part filled with water. A pipe from the top of the
generating cylinder carries the carbonic acid into the bottom of the purifying
cylinder. There can be a succession of purifying cylinders if desired.
Price 11

page_text: 5th. Also on the same level with the aforesaid generating and purifying cylinders
I place a similar cylinder or a strong tank, called the storage or gas reservoir, largely
filled with water; this is connected by pipes with the top of the last purifying
cylinder.
6th. Instead of using bottles and corks I construct small metallic cylinders coated
with enamel or other suitable acid and waterproof substance, armed with two small
cocks. These cylinders I nearly fill with the liquor to be aerated, and connecting one
cock with the pipe from the storage cylinder I charge.it.with carbonic acid till the
pressure is equalized; I then disconnect it, and the cylinder is ready for market,
thus avoiding all the expense of corks, a single internal stopper or a cork in the
cylinder being all that is required. The cylinder I usually make to hold several
gallons.
7th. The mode of working is as follows:-The acid cylinder is filled with dilute
hydrochloric acid, and the generating cylinder with coarsely broken limestone, chalk,
or other carbonate. Acid is let into the generating chamber, cautiously at first, till
the pressure rises. After the pressure is once up to its normal height, the auto-
matic acid regulator regulates the pressure without further trouble. The "gas" or
upper pipe keeps the generating and acid cylinders at the same pressure, and a
safety valve on either of the said cylinders keeps the pressure from accidental
increase. The generated gas bubbles through the purifying cylinders, and is washed
by the water contained therein. The gas next proceeds to the storage cylinders,
from whence it is taken by pipes if necessary to the bottling apparatus; or it can
be filled into the smaller cylinders as before described, and carried to anywhere
where the gas or aerated liquid is required. Used for supplying motive power a
cylinder of this kind can easily be taken out of a motive power engine and another'
inserted when the first is exhausted.
8th. When the generating cylinder becomes nearly full of chloride of calcium it
can be emptied by a cock in the bottom, and the acid cylinder can at any time be
refilled by means of a double cock without lowering the pressure. When all the
limestone is exhausted, all the cocks that are in connection with the generating
cylinder must be closed, and the limestone can then be filled in at the man-hole or
even cylinder the cover.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Cowley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th July
1876.
WILLIAM COWLEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONTROLLING CARBONIC ACID FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF AND TRANSPORT OF AERATED WATERS, FOR MOTIVE POWER, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
-
This Invention has for its object greater ease, expedition, and simplicity of mani-
pulation in the manufacture of aerated waters, and the application of motive
power. It consists, first, in an apparatus for manufacturing carbonic acid; and,
secondly, in apparatus for storeing, transporting, and using the same.
1st. I construct a cylinder or other strong reservoir for holding hydrochloric or
other acid this I usually make of cast or wrought iron. The acid cylinder and
limestone generator is lined with sheet gutta percha, the other cylinders are coated
with shellac or enamel.
2nd. On a lower level I construct another cylinder, called the generating cylinder,
with a hand hole for introducing limestone or chalk; this is connected with the acid
reservoir by equalizing pipe C, as shown in diagram, also by acid feed pipe D.
Small cylinder E is fitted with a rod with ball at the bottom, acting as a stop-
cock or valve, which opens and shuts automatically, and is fitted with well packed
stuffing box at top, and jointed to lever G with a standard pillar S between the
moving cylinders E and H¹. The rod of plunger in cylinder H¹ has a wheel
on

page_text: the top, upon which the weighted lever rests. This lever is weighted to any desired
pressure, the ball on the end of rod in cylinder E acting as stop or supply cock
or valve. The rod and internal portion of this cylinder is coated with platinum to
prevent the action of the acid upon the metal, or lined with sheet gutta percha.
Preferably on the same level with the generating cylinder I place the purifying
cylinder H; this is in great part filled with water. A pipe J from top of generating
cylinder carries the carbonic acid into the bottom of the purifying cylinder. There
can be a succession of purifying cylinders if desired.
Also on the same level with the aforesaid generating and purifying cylinders I
place a similar cylinder I, or strong tank called the storeage or gas reservoir, largely
filled with water from the pump Q; this is connected with a pipe from the top of
the purifying cylinder leading to the bottom of the storeage cylinder I.
The mode of working is as follows:-The acid cylinder is filled with diluted
hydrochloric acid, and the generating cylinder with coarsely broken limestone, chalk,
or other carbonate. Acid is let into the generating chamber till the desired pressure is
attained, when the piston in cylinder H¹ moves upwards and closes the valve in
cylinder E, as before described; when the pressure is partially removed the weight
on the lever causes the valve to open. After the pressure is once up to its normal
height, the automatic acid regulator regulates the pressure desired without further
trouble. The gas pipe C keeps an equal pressure in cylinders A and B, and a safety
valve on either of the said cylinders keeps the pressure from accidental increase.
The generated gas bubbles through the purifying cylinder, and is washed by the
water contained therein. The gas next proceeds to the storeage cylinder I, from
whence it is taken by pipes to the bottling apparatus.
When the generating cylinder becomes nearly full of chloride of calcium it can be.
emptied by a cock in the bottom. The acid cylinder can at any time be refilled
by means of a double cock without lowering the pressure.
When all the limestone
is exhausted all the cocks that are in connection with the generating cylinder must
be closed, and the limestone can then be filled at the hand hole.
In the manufacture and use of carbonic acid for motive power in locomotive or
stationary engines, I place the acid and generating cylinders, as above described,
connected with a series of longitudinal cylinders as reservoirs, and as the pressure in
these reservoirs diminishes the automatic arrangement will supply the necessary gas
to keep up any required pressure.
For locomotive or other purpose of motive power the carbonic acid gas is made
to pass through one or more pipes subjected up to a temperature of, say, one thousand
degrees Fahrenheit, more or less.
For aerated water purposes I attach an engine and pump to one of the store
cylinders, which is worked by the pressure of the gas to supply the water as
required.
EXPLANATION OF DRAWINGS.
A. Acid cylinder.
B. Limestone cylinder.
C. Equalizing gas pipe.
D. Acid supply pipe.
E. Stop-cock valve and cylinder.
G. Lever and weight.
H. Purifying cylinder.
H. Pressure cylinder and plunger.
† Storeage reservoir.

page_text: Having now described my Invention and the best mode known to me of carrying
it into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I believe to be new and claim
under the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1st. The combination of the acid tank reservoir or cylinder A with the generating
cylinder B and the storeage cylinder C, substantially as described.
2nd. The automatic regulator of acid feed worked by the pressure of the gas
acting on a weighted lever, weight, or spring, or their mechanical equivalents, and
thus turning the acid cock or opening or closing the acid valve for the purposes
described.
3rd. The arrangement or construction of apparatus, substantially as described,
whether for the manufacture of aerated water or for motive power.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Cowley, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
WILLIAM COWLEY. (L.S.)
Witness,
W MAKEPEACE EDWARDS.