Year: 1886

page_text: 1, EDWARD CHARLES FREDERICK OTTO of 7 York Grove, Peckham in the County
of Surrey Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
Attempts have heretofore been made to secure elastic tyres to wheel rims but a
difficulty has always been experienced in firmly securing the elastic tyre into the rim ;
now one of the objects of my invention is to overcome this defect, and by my invention
it is not necessary to make the tyre of any special shape or to force it into the rim or
felloe of the wheel as is now generally done.
I make the rim of the wheel into which the elastic tyre is or is to be fitted, in two
parts in such manner that when joined they form a bad corresponding in shape and
size to the rubber tyre of whatever form used. This join may either abut or overlap.
To enable me to fit and secure the rim in which the rubber tyre will be held, to the
wheel felloe I may make each part to overlap the side of felloe through which overlap
or flange, screws or bolts may be passed for the purpose of securing the two parts of
rim either to one another or conjointly to the felloe, or the external part of the two
parts of the rim may be of such shape as not to overlap the edge of felloe but be
secured to the surface of the felloe.
I first attach one part of the rim to the felloe as above described then place the
rubber tyre in position and its fixture is completed by adding the remaining part of
the rim, and the whole is thus bound together as indicated.
The elastic tyres which may be used in connection with this invention may be made
according to my invention for which Provisional Protection has been granted to me
the 31st May 1886 No. 7204 wherein corrugated spring wire is inserted in a central
aperture in the tyre, the ends of such wire being immovably secured by being
interlocked at right angles to one another; or I may use plain wire running through
such tyres corrugating and interlocking the ends only, or simply twisting the ends, or
Where such
they may be joined by nuts and screws or by male and female screws.
rigid fixture of the tyre is not considered necessary, solid rubber without wire through
it may be used.

page_text: When using tyres made either with internal corrugated or plain wire core (and such
core may be made of any desired section, either round, square, oval or flat and joined
by rivets or otherwise when flat or of other suitable shape for that purpose) as before
described, I am able to condense or compress the rubber on the wire to such an extent
that the length of rubber before compression would be according to the size of the
wheel from six to twentyfour inches more than the circumference of the wheel thereby
forming not only a better cushion for the wheel presented to the road but also
preventing the rubber from being so liable to be cut.
When corrugated wire is inserted in the rubber it is of such a length as to require
the tyre to be sprung on to that part of the rim which is first fixed to the felloe for
which purpose I use apparatus whereby the wire is stretched equally over its entire
length and then when sprung into position holds the rubber tyre with great elastic
pressure in the bed of the rim, the fixture being completed by fixing in position the
second part of the rim.
When plain wire is used the length is such as to hold the rubber tyre at the bottom
of the groove of the rim.
Sometimes I make the two halves of the rim to take the place of the felloe in which
case the spokes are connected directly to and between them by bolts or otherwise.
The spokes may then be conveniently made of flattened tubular metal which at the
ends are provided with solid eyes through which the bolts pass to join them to rim
and nave, or the bottom part of the spokes may be fixed and held to the nave by metal
rings embracing the lower and projecting part of the spokes and thus holding them
firmly to the nave; one of these rings forms part of the axle box and the other is
pushed upon it and held firmly by screws.
Ι vary the strength and corrugation of wire according to requirement.
For the purpose of excluding dirt grit or other extraneous matter and water from
between the rubber and the rim and to attach the two thoroughly so that they become
almost amalgamated I use a cold fluid cement whereby it is not necessary to heat the
rims or fellues.
Sometimes instead of an elastic tyre I use a metal tyre.

page_text: 1, EDWARD CHARLES FREDERICK OTTO of 7 York Grove Peckham in the County
of Surrey Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Attempts have heretofore been made to secure elastic tyres to wheel rims but a
difficulty has always been experienced in firmly securing the elastic tyre into the rim ;
now one of the objects of my invention is to overcome this difficulty and by my
invention it is not necessary to make the trye of any special shape or to force it into
the rim or felloe of the wheel as is now frequently the case.
My invention will be fully understood by reference to the accompanying drawings
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively cross section and partial elevation and Figures 3 to S
inclusive are cross-sections of felloes of wheels fitted with varied forms of tyre-holding
rims said tyres having wire cores all constructed according to my invention and
Figures 9 and 10 shew cross-sections of portions of wheels wherein both the tyres and
spokes are held by similar means, all as hereafter more particularly described. Similar
letters of reference refer to like parts in all the Figures.
A is the clastic tyre A' is the inserted wire in same, B B¹ is the rim made in
two parts, C is the felloe.
I make the rim of the wheel into which the elastic tyre A is or is to be fitted in two
parts B B', in such manner that when put together they join circumferentially and
hold in place or form a bed corresponding in shape and size to the rubber tyre A of
whatever form used. This circumferential join may either abut as in Figures 1, 2, 3, 6
and 7 or overlap as in Figures 4, 58 and 88, while at Figure 4 the rims have a
tongue and groove join. To enable me to fit and secure the rim B B¹ (in which the
rubber tyre A will be held) to the wheel felloe (I may make cach part to overlap the
side of felloe see Figures 4, 4ª, 8 and 8ª, through which overlap or flange, screws
or bolts may be passed for the purpose of securing the two parts of rim B B¹
either to one another or conjointly to the felloe C; or the external part of the
two parts of the rim B B₁ may be of such shape as not to overlap the edge of
felloe but be secured to the surface of the felloe Cas shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
and 7, or other convenient methods may be employed of securing the rims B B¹ to the
felloes C.
In fitting the said rims B B to the felloes C I first attach one part of the rim, say
the part marked B to the felloe as above described then place the wired rubber tyre A
in position and its fixture is completed by adding the remaining part of the rim B¹
and the whole is thus bound together as before described.
The elastic tyres which may be of any suitable material and which may be used in
connection with this invention are preferably further held in the rims according to my
invention for which Provisional protection has been granted to me the 31st May 1886
No. 7204 wherein corrugated spring wire is inserted in an aperture in the tyre the
ends of such wire being immovably secured by being interlocked at right angles to
one another; or I use plain wire running through such tyres corrugating and inter-
locking the ends only.
When using tyres provided either with internal corrugated wire or plain wire
core A¹ with corrugated ends (such core may be made of any desired section, either

page_text: round, square, oval, or flat), 1 am able to condense or compress the rubber on the wire
to such an extent that the length of rubber before compression would be according to
the size of the wheel from six to twenty four inches more than the circumference of
the wheel, thereby forming not only a better cushion for the wheel presented to the
road but also preventing the rubber from being so liable to be cut.
When such corrugated wire is inserted in the rubber it is of such a length as to require
the tyre to be sprung on to that part of the rim which is first fixed to the felloe for
which purpose I use apparatus whereby the wire is stretched equally over its entire
length and then when sprung into position holds the rubber tyre with great elastic
pressure in the bed of the rim B, the fixture being completed by fixing in position the
second part of the rim B¹, as before described.
When plain wire with corrugated ends is used the length is such as to hold the
rubber tyre at the bottom of the groove of the rim.
Sometimes, as for example is shown at Figures 9 and 10 I make the two halves of
the rim B B¹ to take the place of the felloe in which case the spokes D are connected
directly to and between the rims B B₁ by bolts or otherwise. The spokes D may then
be conveniently made of flattened tubular metal which at the ends are provided with
solid eyes or plugs D1 through which the bolts pass to join them to rim and nave; or
as shewn at Figure 10 the bottom part of the spokes D may be fixed and held to the
nave B by a metal ring B¹x embracing the lower and projecting part of the spokes
and thus holding them firmly to the nave; one ring Bx forms part of the axle box
hereinbefore called nave and the other B¹× is pushed upon it and held firmly
by screws.
"
32
For the purpose of excluding dirt, grit, or other extraneous matter and water from
between the rubber and the rim and to attach the two thoroughly so that they become
almost amalgamated, 1 use a cold fluid cement whereby it is not necessary to heat
the rims or felloes.
In some cases the inner sides or edges of the rims B B¹ may be formed with
projections or projecting parts B2, as shown at Figures 3, 4 and 4ª, for affording in
some cases where necessary and especially for large tyres, greater security.
I do not claim the use of a core plain throughout its length as described in Barrett
and Varley's patent specification No. 48128.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim as my
improvements in wheels is :-
First The construction and employment of the circumferentially divided flanged
rims B B in combination with the spring wire cored elastic tyres A, such wired tyre
being placed round the felloe in a condensed state, or not, as desired, and abutting
against the previously fixed part of rim B, the other part being then fixed to felloe
and the tyre thus effectually secured all as herein described and illustrated with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Second :—The particular construction and arrangement of rim and tyre by which
the said tyre may be conveniently and securely fixed to the felloe, and by which such
tyre may be applied to the wheel in a previously condensed state, or not, as herein set
forth with reference to Figures 1 to 8" of the accompanying drawings.
:-
Third The construction and employment of wheels composed of divided rim B, B¹,
tyre A, spokes D and hub B* B¹× substantially as shewn and described with reference
to Figures 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings.
n
axil
1000

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Oct., 1886.
Complete Left, 26th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 22nd Apr., 1887.
1, EDWARD CHARLES FREDERICK OTTO of 7 York Grove, Peckham in the County
of Surrey Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Attempts have heretofore been made to secure elastic tyres to wheel rims but a
difficulty has always been experienced in firmly securing the clastic tyre into the rim ;
now one of the objects of my invention is to overcome this defect, and by my invention
it is not necessary to make the tyre of any special shape or to force it into the rim or
felloe of the wheel as is now generally done.
I make the rim of the wheel into which the elastic tyre is or is to be fitted, in two
parts in such manner that when joined they form a bed corresponding in shape and
size to the rubber tyre of whatever form used. This join may either abut or overlap.
To enable me to fit and secure the rim in which the rubber tyre will be held, to the
wheel felloe I may make each part to overlap the side of felloe through which overlap
or flange, screws or bolts may be passed for the purpose of securing the two parts of
rim either to one another or conjointly to the felloe, or the external part of the two
parts of the rim may be of such shape as not to overlap the edge of felloe but be
secured to the surface of the felloe.
I first attach one part of the rim to the felloe as above described then place the
rubber tyre in position and its fixture is completed by adding the remaining part of
the rim, and the whole is thus bound together as indicated.
The elastic tyres which may be used in connection with this invention may be made
according to my invention for which Provisional Protection has been granted to me
the 31st May 1886 No. 7204 wherein corrugated spring wire is inserted in a central
aperture in the tyre, the ends of such wire being immovably secured by being
interlocked at right angles to one another; or I may use plain wire running through
such tyres corrugating and interlocking the ends only, or simply twisting the ends, or
they may be joined by nuts and screws or by male and female screws. Where such
rigid fixture of the tyre is not considered necessary, solid rubber without wire through
it may he used

page_text: When using tyres made either with internal corrugated or plain wire core (and such
core may be made of any desired section, either round, square, oval or flat and joined
by rivets or otherwise when flat or of other suitable shape for that purpose) as before
described, I am able to condense or compress the rubber on the wire to such an extent
that the length of rubber before compression would be according to the size of the
wheel from six to twentyfour inches more than the circumference of the wheel thereby
forming not only a better cushion for the wheel presented to the road but also
preventing the rubber from being so liable to be cut.
When corrugated wire is inserted in the rubber it is of such a length as to require
the tyre to be sprung on to that part of the rim which is first fixed to the felloe for
which purpose I use apparatus whereby the wire is stretched equally over its entire
length and then when sprung into position holds the rubber tyre with great elastic
pressure in the bed of the rim, the fixture being completed by fixing in position the
second part of the rim.
When plain wire is used the length is such as to hold the rubber tyre at the bottom
of the groove of the rim.
Sometimes I make the two halves of the rim to take the place of the felloe in which
case the spokes are connected directly to and between them by bolts or otherwise.
The spokes may then be conveniently made of flattened tubular metal which at the
ends are provided with solid eyes through which the bolts pass to join them to rim
and nave, or the bottom part of the spokes may be fixed and held to the nave by metal
rings embracing the lower and projecting part of the spokes and thus holding them
firmly to the nave; one of these rings forms part of the axle box and the other is
pushed upon it and held firmly by screws.
I vary the strength and corrugation of wire according to requirement.
For the purpose of excluding dirt grit or other extraneous matter and water from
between the rubber and the rim and to attach the two thoroughly so that they become
almost amalgamated I use a cold fluid cement whereby it is not necessary to heat the
rims or felloes.
Sometimes instead of an elastic tyre I use a metal tyre.

page_text: Improvements in Wheels.
I, EDWARD CHARLES FREDERICK OTTO of 7 York Grove Peckham in the County
of Surrey Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
Attempts have heretofore been made to secure elastic tyres to wheel rims but a
difficulty has always been experienced in firmly securing the elastic tyre into the rim ;
now one of the objects of my invention is to overcome this difficulty and by my
invention it is not necessary to make the tyre of any special shape or to force it into
the rim or felloe of the wheel as is now frequently the case.
My invention will be fully understood by reference to the accompanying drawings
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively cross section and partial elevation and Figures 3 to 8ª
inclusive are cross-sections of felloes of wheels fitted with varied forms of tyre-holding
rims said tyres having wire cores all constructed according to my invention and
Figures 9 and 10 shew cross-sections of portions of wheels wherein both the tyres and
spokes are held by similar means, all as hereafter more particularly described. Similar
letters of reference refer to like parts in all the Figures.
A is the elastic tyre A' is the inserted wire in same, B B is the rim made in
two parts, C is the felloe.
I make the rim of the wheel into which the elastic tyre A is or is to be fitted in two
parts B B, in such manner that when put together they join circumferentially and
hold in place or form a bed corresponding in shape and size to the rubber tyre A of
whatever form used. This circumferential join may either abut as in Figures 1, 2, 3, 6
and 7 or overlap as in Figures 4, 5 8 and 8", while at Figure 4 the rims have a
tongue and groove join. To enable me to fit and secure the rim B B¹ (in which the
rubber tyre A will be held) to the wheel felloe CI may make each part to overlap the
side of felloe see Figures 4, 4, 8 and 8ª, through which overlap or flange, screws
or bolts may be passed for the purpose of securing the two parts of rim B B¹
either to one another or conjointly to the felloe ; or the external part of the
two parts of the rim B B' may be of such shape as not to overlap the edge of
felloe but be secured to the surface of the felloe C as shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
and 7, or other convenient methods may be employed of securing the rims B B' to the
felloes C.
In fitting the said rims B B' to the felloes CI first attach one part of the rim, say
the part marked B to the felloe as above described then place the wired rubber tyre A
in position and its fixture is completed by adding the remaining part of the rim B¹
and the whole is thus bound together as before described.
The elastic tyres which may be of any suitable material and which may be used in
connection with this invention are preferably further held in the rims according to my
invention for which Provisional protection has been granted to me the 31st May 1886
No. 7204 wherein corrugated spring wire is inserted in an aperture in the tyre the
ends of such wire being immovably secured by being interlocked at right angles to
one another; or I use plain wire running through such tyres corrugating and inter-
locking the ends only, or simply twisting the ends, or they may be joined by nuts and
screws or by male and female screws, the application of corrugated wire is shewn in
most of the Figures.
When using tyres made or provided either with internal corrugated or plain wire

page_text: core A (such core may be made of any desired section, either round, square, oval, or
flat, and the ends joined by rivets or otherwise, when flat or of a shape suitable for
that purpose) I am able to condense or compress the rubber on the wire to such an
extent that the length of rubber before compression would be according to the size of
the wheel from six to twenty four inches more than the circumference of the wheel,
thereby forming not only a better cushion for the wheel presented to the road but also
preventing the rubber from being so liable to be cut.
When corrugated wire is inserted in the rubber it is of such a length as to require
the tyre to be sprung on to that part of the rim which is first fixed to the felloe for
which purpose I use apparatus whereby the wire is stretched equally over its entire
length and then when sprung into position holds the rubber tyre with great elastic
pressure in the bed of the rim B, the fixture being completed by fixing in position the
second part of the rim B¹, as before described.
When plain wire is used the length is such as to hold the rubber tyre at the bottom
of the groove of the rim.
Sometimes, as for example is shown at Figures 9 and 10 I make the two halves of
the rim B B to take the place of the felloe C in which case the spokes Dare connected
directly to and between the rims B B by bolts or otherwise. The spokes D may then
be conveniently made of flattened tubular metal which at the ends are provided with
solid eyes or plugs D' through which the bolts pass to join them to rim and nave; or
as shewn at Figure 10 the bottom part of the spokes D may he fixed and held to the
nave B by a metal ring B¹× embracing the lower and projecting part of the spokes
and thus holding them firmly to the nave one ring B* forms part of the axle box
hereinbefore called " nave and the other Bix is pushed upon it and held firmly
by screws.
For the purpose of excluding dirt, grit, or other extraneous matter and water from
between the rubber and the rim and to attach the two thoroughly so that they become
almost amalgamated, I use a cold fluid cement whereby it is not necessary to heat
the rims or felloes.
In some cases the inner sides or edges of the rims B B¹ may be formed with
projections or projecting parts B2, as shown at Figures 3, 4 and 4, for affording in
some cases where necessary and especially for large tyres, greater security.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim as my
improvements in wheels is :-
First The construction and employment of the circumferentially divided flanged
rims BB¹ in combination with the spring or other wire cored elastic tyres A, such
wired tyre being placed round the felloe in a condensed state, or not, as desired, and
abutting against the previously fixed part of rim B, the other part being then fixed to
felloe and the tyre thus effectually secured all as herein described and illustrated with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Second The particular construction and arrangement of rim and tyre by which
the said tyre may be conveniently and securely fixed to the felloe, and by which such
tyre may be applied to the wheel in a previously condensed state, or not, as herein set
forth with reference to Figures 1 to 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Third The construction and employment of wheels composed of divided rim B, B1,
tyre A, spokes I and bub B* B** substantially as shewn and described with reference
to Figures 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth-The elastic Metal core of any desired section and substantially as described
and shown with reference to Figures 4 and 4ª of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 5th day of Wohuary 1887