Improvements in the Construction of Apparatus for Producing and Receiving Hertzian Electric Waves.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 9th-Feb., 1898-Accepted, 14th May, 1898
Improvements in the Construction of Apparatus for Producing and
Receiving Hertzian Electric Waves.
I, EUGÈNE DUCRETET, of 75, Rue Claude Bernard, Paris, France, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this said invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
In the annexed drawing, Fig. 1 is a view in elevation of the apparatus for
producing the Hertzian waves Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus for
receiving the Hertzian waves and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a modified
form of the receiver.
The Figures 1, 2, 3 are given as examples, of optional forms and dimensions.
Fig. 1 is that of the apparatus for producing the electric waves; it is an
oscillator, the construction of which allows of the immersion of the spheres A B
in an insulating liquid, at the same time securing, from the outside, their
junction or separation and the possibility of observing the sparks which shoots
out at e (oscillating spark).
The basin Cu of insulating matter, receives the two spheres A B and the insulat-
ing liquid H (a melted insulator may be employed).
The regulating of the separation at e is executed from the outside at a b¹, we
thus avoid acting upon them from the top at X X¹. The balls a b¹ may be sub-
stituted by the rods t t¹ (smooth or wormed) of a suitable shape according to the
power of the apparatus.
This regulating may be obtained by one of the conductors only t or t¹ the other
being then set firm.
The fittings d d through which t t pass, must be watertight. The number of
the interior conductors (in the form of spheres A B for instance) can differ from
that indicated Fig. 1; this is done with the view of causing one or more discharge
sparks to emit in the interior of the basin Cu, in the insulating centre, instead of
one only according to Fig. 1.
At 0 0 is a water-tight cover with transparent sides in insulating matter,
glass, celluloid, mica and the like to observe the spark at e.
The circulation of the liquid H with powerful apparatuses, may be made con-
tinuous or intermittent by the means already known. The basin Cu may be
(entirely or partly) placed in a refrigeratory. The supports which fix Cu may
be of any kind according to the use. They may allow the placing of the basin
in the interior of a curved mirror intended to project electrical waves in any
required direction. The bottom of Cu, inside or outside, may have a metallic
surface forming a reflector for these waves.
The spheres or conductors a, t, b₁, t may be put into communication with sur-
faces Ca Cal forming variable electric capacities which can be regulated. These

page_text: electric capacities may also be formed of coupled condensers. It is thus that our
Hertz oscillators terminate.
The surfaces Ca, Ca¹ forming electric capacities (Fig. 1) may be formed by a
setting in the ground or by surfaces rising into the atmospheric air. The same
also with the receiving tubes. In the case of Fig. 1 these surfaces will be connected
optionally with the outside spheres CD or with a b¹. The spheres CD are electric-
ally connected, by means of the conductors i, , with the secondary circuit of an
induction coil.
Figs. 2 and 3 indicate the mode of construction of our receivers of the electric
waves (resonators). It is a Bromly tube with filings, but the purpose of our
improvement is to secure its unfitting and its regulating.
Fig. 2 is that of a tube with free filings; Fig. 3 that of a tube with filings
mixed with any insulating substance, such as gutta-percha, thus forming a solid
disk fixed at P. The forms and dimensions are optional. In case of solid disks
they can, at P¹, be superposed or alternate with or without interposed metallic
washers.
The tube T Figs. 2 and 3 is made of every insulating matter natural or agglomer-
ated; ivory is of good use.
For the first regulating it is possible to observe the interior filings placed
at P and P¹ by means of Röntgen's X rays; that is if T is in opaque matter.
The free filings are comprised between C C₁ Fig. 2; the separation may be
easily regulated with the screws and nuts VE V1E of the stoppers B¹ B². One
extremity only can be provided with this means of regulating, where the rods t² t³
can pass through B1, B2 and be soldered after.
After trial, with the electrical wave, the final regulating being terminated
(by means of receivers for that purpose), it is possible to cover the caps B¹ B2
with a layer rendering the tube as hermetical as possible; C C¹ are adjusted with
play in the interior of T.
In the case of Fig. 3, the springs R R¹ with the screws and nuts, as with Fig. 2,
secure the final regulating. One end only can be thus arranged, the other having
a fixed regulating. まな
All that is said of 'Fig. 2 is applied to Fig. 3.
As our resonators our Bromly tubes, so constructed may be provided with
electric capacities and be put in the interior of metallic mirrors, as described
above for the producing apparatus.
All suitable metals and alloys, plated metals and the like may be employed for
the construction of the metallic parts of the apparatus thus described for the
above Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
The free filings placed at P or agglomerated put at P1 are of any kind. All
metal filing can serve, pure metals, alloys, plated as also mixtures of different
filings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:—
The details of construction taken together or separately, that I have just
described and which constitutes improvements which render these electrical
wave producing and receiving apparatuses practical in their general application
and particularly to the application of Hertzian telegraphy without wires they are
distinguished as follows;
I) Regulating from the outside of basin C u of the discharge conductors
placed in the interior;
II) Hermetical closing with a spy glass to allow the discharge sparks inside
of Cu to be observed;
III) Circulation of the insulating liquid;
4
IV) Construction of the Bromly tubes with filings according to Figs. 2 and 3 4
with stoppers and regulating as already described.

page_text: V) The use of springs (one or two) according to Fig. 3 for the stopped disks
with filings; and of means of regulating as afore-mentioned.
Dated this 8th February 1898
L. DUVINAGE.
Patent Agent, S, Rue des Princes, Brussels, Belgium.