Improvements in and connected with Filters, particularly applicable for Gaseous Beverages.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th July, 1892-Accepted, 8th Oct., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Filters, particularly applicable
for Gaseous Beverages.
1, GUSTAVE OCHS, of Bonny, France, Brewery Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in and connected with filters for the
filtration or sterilization of gaseous beverages, such as beer, and particularly refers
to the type of the so-called Chamberland filter, Pasteur system.
My invention will be easily understood by a study of the description which
follows in relation to the drawing annexed, which represents a view of the whole
apparatus in vertical section of filter with Chamberland porcelain filtering cylinders
or receivers, Pasteur system, all arranged according to my invention. I is a lower
disc, supported by a foot I forming the bottom of the apparatus, and is provided
with a
flange 12 intended to receive the corresponding Hange 13 of the vertical
cylinder V, the latter being closed at its upper part, and united at its lower part to
the bottom I by means of the hinge bolts and fly nuts G allowing the parts to be
taken to pieces and put together rapidly and easily. An elastic washer G¹ placed
between the two parts I and I assures a perfectly tight joint.
The cover or top of the receiver V is bored with an aperture or opening V¹
communicating with an external receiver N and thus puts in communication the
said receiver N with the interior of the receiver V.
At the centre and on the bottom 1 is fixed a vertical collector H, composed of
a tube, closed at its upper part, and having an aperture H¹ communicating by a
tube H with a receiver N fixed on the top of the receiver V at the side of that
marked N previously referred to.
The lower part of the collector H is formed with a bottom S, above which, in
the side of the said collector, there is an aperture R communicating by a pipe R'
with the exterior. By a hole I formed in the bottom I, the interior of the
receiver is put in communication with the exterior.
All round the collector H (between the said collector H and the internal side of
the receiver V) are arranged the porcelain filtering receptacles converging towards
the centre and inclined.
On its top and at equal distances apart the collector His bored with holes
provided with fittings H₁ arranged in rings, each ring of fittings on the collector. H
corresponding to a ring of filtering cylinders K of porcelain. The fitting on each
cylinder corresponds to a fitting on the collector H, and these two fittings are
united by means of elastic tubes H2 securely held on each of the said fittings by
the aid of small elastic washers or rings.
In this manner the filtering cylinders or receivers K and the collector H
communicate, and are united by hermetically sealed joints.
To avoid the breaking of the filtering cylinders or receivers during the
mounting or fixing thereof, and to separate the same in the apparatus, their ends
are fitted into rings of caoutchouc chain H' arranged vertically, a chain being
applied to each vertical series of cylinders or receivers.
At its upper part the collector H is provided with a disc L serving to carry the
caoutchouc tube H", putting in communication the said collector H with the
external receiver N'; this tube H" is sufficiently long to allow for the taking apart
of the filter.
The receiver V, when separated from the bottom I, should be capable of being

page_text: raised to sufficient height to enable the highest filtering cylinders to be reached
in order to separate them from the collector H when they have to be cleaned.
The receivers N and N₁ are provided with lower taps P² P³ Q Q₁ and with
upper taps PP' for use as hereafter described. The receivers N N¹ carry pressure
ganges for indicating the pressure on the one hand in the receiver (liquid
to be filtered) and on the other hand, in the collector H (liquid filtered).
The construction of the filter being thus explained, its operation will be readily
understood by the following description. All the taps being closed with the
exception of the taps P2 P3 of the receivers N and N', the receiver V is placed by
pipe 1 and tap 1 in communication with the reservoir containing the beer or other
liquid to be filtered, which liquid is under sufficient pressure. The tap P is then
opened on the receiver N which allows the air contained in the receiver V to
escape, and the liquid under pressure arriving by the pipe 15 to completely fill the
receiver V, which is indicated by the exact filling up, and that without any froth,
of the receiver N. The cock P is then closed, and P of the receiver N1 is opened,
which puts the interior of the filtering cylinders or receivers and of the
collector H in communication with the exterior, thereby allowing the liquid
under pressure contained in the receiver V to percolate the filtering cylinders or
receivers and to fill the same as well as the collector H, all the air contained in
these parts escaping by the pipe H and the tap P which remains open until
the receiver N is completely refilled with the liquid filtered and contains neither
air nor froth.
The upwardly inclined direction of the fittings or connections of the cylinders
or receivers K as well as the communication by the tube of the collector H with
the receiver N assures an automatic and perfect expulsion of both the air and the
froth, which latter may be produced during the operation, especially when the
liquid to be filtered is beer.
This air and froth always rising, accumulate in the receiver N¹, whence it is easy
to expel them by the simple opening of the clearing out tap Pi, and this special
arrangement of the filtering cylinders or receivers K in combination with the
collector H for the object indicated constitutes a most important feature in this
present invention.
As soon as the receiver N¹ is full of liquid filtered, and the liquid not being
further agitated in the apparatus (this being readily ascertained by examining the
receivers N and N¹) the tap P' is closed and the filter is ready for operation.
The tap Qis then opened, which communicates by a pipe to the tubs, barrels,
or receivers which are to contain the filtered liquids. The filtration then proceeds
in a continuous manner, and continues until the filtering cylinders K become dirty
or choked, when the liquid contained in the receiver V no longer passing, it
consequently is necessary to empty the apparatus and proceed to clean same.
For emptying the filter, the admission of the liquid to be filtered is stopped, and
opening the tap of the receiver N, pressure is introduced by this tap, whereby
all the liquid contained in the receiver N and the receiver V runs by the pipe 1 [5
which has been put in communication with receptacles capable of collecting the
unfiltered liquid which runs off.
For the emptying of filtered liquid, all that is necessary is to open the tap P¹ of
the receiver N and the lower communication R' in such manner that under the
action of the pressure which is introduced by this tap, all the filtered liquid
contained in the receiver N and the collector H runs away by the pipe R' and is
also collected; the rest of the liquid contained in the filtering cylinders K is
collected when the parts are taken to pieces.
When thus emptied, the filter is easily and rapidly taken to pieces by unscrewing
the fly nuts and disengaging the bolts when the reservoir V can then be separated
from the bottom 1 by raising the said reservoir V vertically up to the necessary
height to allow of being able to move out the highest filtering cylinders K, which
are then removed and replaced by others, or themselves replaced after they have
been completely cleaned, this being effected by placing them in a furnace and

page_text: submitting them during a certain time to a very high temperature. The filtering
cylinders being replaced, the receiver V is put back into place, fixed on the bottom I,
and the work can be immediately recommenced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In filters for the filtration or sterilization of gaseous beverages, or liquids in
general, and of beer in particular, essentially characterized by the combination with
a central vertical collector H, formed with holes H' and fittings, and enclosed in
an envelope forming the receiver V, of a system or series of filtering cylinders or
receivers of porcelain, arranged to incline as described, having a fitting towards
the top, and communicating by this fitting with the collector H with the object of
centralizing the filtered liquid and to produce automatically the continuous
evacuation of air susceptible of accumulating therein, or of froth which is capable
of being produced during the operation, substantially as set forth.
2. The general arrangement and combination of parts comprising my improve-
ments in filters for the filtration of gaseous beverages or liquids, all acting
substantially as and for the purposes herein described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 25th day of Inly 1892
BREWER & SON,
Agents.