Improvements in Making Manure from Sewage and Sewage Sludge.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 29th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 18th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Making Manure from Sewage and Sewage Sludge.
JOHN CARTER 11 Tottenham Street Kensal Road London W. Veterinary
Medicament Manufacturer Student of the R. V. College of London in 1855, 1856,
and 1857, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I take a piece of level land adjacent or attached to sewage works or on the
border of any river or round the coast near railways, twenty acres more or less, I
dig out the required quantity to make a receptical from one to ten feet deep if the
drainage will permit of it, I drain it with tiles, covered two feet, this will be the
artificial bottom for filtering, leaving eight feet vacant depth, hereafter to be
described in my Complete Specification, I cover this filtering bottom with one inch
of sand to the foot of sewage manure, this sand to be removed with the manure,
and replaced with fresh sand, " sea sand is the best" the land must not be marsh
land, one acre eight feet deep would hold eleven thousand one hundred and
fifty two tons, seven hundred and twenty pounds weight of precipit, sediment, or
sewage. This space must be roofd over preferably with corrugated iron or glass,
with ventilation and light, it would be best constructed in long rows, thirty feet
wide with thirty feet space between each row, the spaces coverd with higher roofing
than the filters, which would give ventilation and light, the rainwater to be draind
away from the sewage deposit, after the sewage precipit has been in these locations,
or draining places or filters twelve hours, it should be coverd with dry ash dust,
six inches thick to the foot, more or less, there would be no smell whatever after
the ashes in fine powder were thrown on, and the manure could be sold without
further expense when quite dry and mixd or sifted ; but powderd chalk would be
if added a great advantage particularly if not precipitated with chalk;
Patent No. 18648 1892" or burnt clay in fine powder in the absence of chalk.
Sewage I treat in the same way only allowing it time to settle and dry sufficiently
before adding the ashes in fine powder, or other ingredients to suit the selling price
or the vendor, soda soot resin tar & carbolic acid can be used, which I will describe
how and at what time it can be used in my Complete Specification.
Dated this 24th day of September 1803
6 see
JOHN
CARTER,
11, Tottenham Street, Kensal Road, W.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Making Manure from Sewage and Sewage Sludge.
JOHN CARTER 11 Tottenham Street, Kensal Road, London, W. Veterinary
Medicament Manufacturer, Student of the Royal Veterinary College of London,
in 1855 1856 and 1857, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
I take a piece of land adjacent, or attached to sewage works, or on the border of
any river, or round the coast near railways, where sludge ships can pump out their
sludge, twenty acres more or less, "not marsh land "I dig out five or ten acres in
rows, thirty feet wide, and thirty feet space between, or rather I take off sufficient
earth to make the required depth, from one foot two inches, to ten feet, if the

page_text: drainage will allow of it, these tanks, should be cased with brickwork, and the
spaces should be paved with thick slabs, and a part of the ashes and chalk can be
used, in lieu, and removed with the manure; I drain the tanks two feet deep, with
tiles, covered in material hereafter discribed, this will be the artificial bottom, for
filtering; but as the process becomes slow, as the deposit settles, I take the filtering
material up to the surface, or midway of the tanks; by means of successions of
earthenware, or iron, rings similar to the large end of water pipes, from three to
six inches in length, these rings would be placed one above the other until they
reached the required height, Sheet 1 Fig. A and Sheet 2, A the big end always
downwards, except the inner rings which have the small end downward, the
diameter of these filters to be two feet inside, the center series of pipes or rings,
three inches wide, and six inches in diameter inside, the intermediate space to be
filled with the filtering material, these inner rings for complete immersion, must be
nine inches shorter than the outer ones, with cap and filtering material above,
Sheet 2 Fig. B whether sand, or ashes, or any other material mixed or alone,
preferably sand with a compress of stones at the top (Fig. C). The center pipes fit
into a circular opening in the receivers or ducts, (Fig. E) these conduits are a little
wider than the filters (F,) "there is a circular ring cast on the top of the conduits,
to receive the outer first ring of the filters," they should be from one to two feet
deep inside, and six feet long, one fitting inside the end of the other, to give stability,
they should not be soldered, "the sides can be constructed of brick work without
mortar, the top only need be of iron, and should have a flange," if they have more
filtered water than they can carry it will be take by the earthenware drain pipes,
the inlet to be precisely in the centre of the conduit top, so that the connecting
rods may be all of one length, these rods fasten into a circular rod which passes
round the filters, and has four loops at equal distance apart, to receive the bars.
The filters can be of any size smaller or larger, and the receivers also, the outer
rings in large ones, can be of one two three or four pieces, (Sheet 4 Fig. 1) bolted
together by means of a slot or loose bot hole (Sheet 4 Figs. 5) in projection. The
water pipes at the bottom for carrying the filtered sewage water would be from
one to two feet in diameter, and of course open jointed, they may be close together,
if need, and must be covered over with granite chips, or clean small stones, free
from dirt or clay, upon this will be six inches of sand, above this four inches of
clean stones and sand, the stones to be unmistakable when the shovel touches them,
above this will be one inch of sand, to the foot of sludge manure, to be removed
with the manure, and replaced every time of emptying. These tanks and spaces
(Sheet 1) must be roofed over, preferably with corrugated iron, with glass every
other sheet of corrugated iron, along the top row of the tanks, the top row would
be fixed, the sheets of corrugated iron following under the glass, would be fixed
open, about ten inches at the bottom to allow as much ventilation as possible
(Sheet 1 Fig. 1).
The roofs over the spaces would be much higher than the others, glass would
not be required, after complete filtering has taken place, and the residue is
sufficiently dry, which would be in very little time, it would be covered over
with dry ash dust, from three to six inches to the foot, there would be no smell
after the ashes were thrown on, and powered chalk the same quantity or less, and
the manure could be sold without further expense, when mixed. Any additions
should be added here, when contemplated. Soda or resin in fine powder, fifty
pounds to the ton of manure, tar or carbolic acid, mixed up with chalk, or ashes,
in fine powder, by rolling together by means of a steam roller, the sides of the
wheels being filled in, one part to five of ashes or chalk, or mixed, it is quite dry
when rolled, and five per cent. of this mixture would only add, one ton of tar, or
carbolic acid, to the hundred tons of manure. Either of these ingredients can be
used, with great advantage, 66
or all" carbolic acid is-dear, tar is the stronger, and
is very good, soda and resin are capital.
о
After the manure and additions are thrown out of the tanks, on to the spaces,
there are three railway lines, "sce Sheet 1 Fig. B," and the manure would

page_text: be thrown between them and mixed, by means of a small tank engine, draging
a truck expressly constructed, being a harrow on wheels, with the prongs or teeth,
reaching nearly to the ground, the sides of this harrow are to reach to within one
inch of the ground, and to be longer than the harrow, to keep the manure compact,
the rails to be twelve inches high, raised by higher clips, and the manure eighteen
inches, which would pass under the engine, and if going only at two miles per hour,
would mix up eight hundred and eighty cubic yards per hour, the single line, but
the two outer lines would be mostly in use, the middle line would be the reserve
line, for finished manure, and the engine would travel on it, and drag two truck
harrows, one on each side, or lateral lines, by means of a spreader, "Sheet 1
Fig. C," and having two fastenings to the engine, one on each side, would turn a
circle, and mix up double the quantity. The harrows can have three or four
ploughs at the after part one a little anterior to the other, so as to turn the manure
over if necessary.
To obtain the sludge that flows into the river in wet weather, when the sewers
are congested, or over full, the perpendicular filters are all that can be required,
construct a space under ground, such as a portion of the under ground railway, or
less, near any place where the sewers get overcharged, there would be no need of
the filtering bottom, the conduits, would be of iron jointed with solder, and any
number of the perpendicular filters, could be introduced leaving room for clearing
out, and refilling the filters, once or twice, a year, there should be a channel along
the center, with little wells every fifty feet, for getting out the sludge, to be
removed in exhaust cylinders to the nearest sewage farm, a pipe from these little wells,
up to the openings in the centre road pavement, (Sheet 3 Fig. 2) and the cylinder
pipe screwed on to it, the emptying would be done without any annoyance to anyone
An iron column from the size of a large lamp post, at each end of the center road
pavement, one a little shorter than the other, and the air passage a little larger,
would serve for continuous and energetic ventilation, or a cowl to face the
wind, on the lower column, and a cowl on the other to protect it from the wind,
the pure air would rush down, and drive out the lighter or impure air at little
expense, these columns to be from forty to eighty feet high, according to the houses
the columns
in the neighbourhood, "Sheet 3 Fig. 1 and Sheet 4 Fig. 2 and 3
would have a lamp on each lateral side; the air channel as shown in drawing, will
be sufficient for an overflow of fifty square feet of sewage or more. These cowls
would be secured in the usual way of large cowls, or to the flange of the ventilating
column, by means of three flanged wheels, running on the inside of flange to the
column, top, and three wheels under the outer part of the flange, which would
prevent its being blown off. These cowls should come six inches below the
ventilator top.
Manufacturing sludge brought by sludge ships if not precipitated by anything
deleterious to vegetation, I have it pumped into a shallow tank, from one foot two
inches to three feet deep, with filtering bottom same as described for sewage, as
soon as sufficiently dry, I treat it precisely the same as the filtered sewage
sludge.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is as follows.
1. The construction of the buildings with their open roofs, and spaces, as set
forth and shown in drawing.
2. The perpendicular filters as set forth in drawings and described.
3. The weights or stones on the top of the filters as set forth in drawings and
described.
4. The filtering beds as described with stones on top, and pipes and ducts as
described at bottom, for carrying away the water.
5. The truck harrows as described.
6. The spreader as described for drawing trucks.

page_text: 7. The ingredients for giving increased stamina to the manure as described; not
previously patented in my Patent of 1892 No. 18648.
8. The manner of mixing the powdered chalk, or ashes with tar, and other
ingredients, and the manner of powdering as described.
9. The overflow tanks, with the perpendicular filters, and receivers or conduits, 5
and manner of getting out the sludge as described.
10. The ventilating columns as described, and shown in drawing.
1
JOHN CARTER.