matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED TO INDICATE THE SUM OF THE FARES RECEIVED BY OMNIBUS CONDUCTORS, AND FOR OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brockelbank at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1877.
GEORGE BROCKELBANK, of 37, Thornsett Road, South Penge Park, Anerley. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED TO INDICATE THE SUM OF THE FARES
RECEIVED BY OMNIBUS CONDUCTORS, AND FOR OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be used to indicate
the sum of the fares received by omnibus conductors, and for other such like
purposes.
The apparatus consists of a portable case similar to the case of a watch, but on a
larger scale. It contains a large ratchet wheel upon a pivot or axis in the centre of
the case.
This wheel is actuated by a claw, which is jointed to the stem of a push
button or stud, and this stem is capable of movement in a direction tangential to
the ratchet wheel. Each time that the stud is pressed inwards the claw draws the
ratchet wheel round the distance of one tooth. When the pressure upon the stud
is released a spring causes it to return to its original position. Concentric with the
ratchet wheel a bell somewhat smaller than itself is mounted, and on each return of
the stud and claw this bell is struck by a spring hummer which is affixed to the
claw. As the claw moves back the hammer head slides up the inclined side of one
of the teeth of the ratchet wheel; and when it has passed over the top of the tooth
its spring causes it suddenly to return, and in its return it strikes upon the bell and
causes it to sound. A locking pawl prevents the ratchet wheel turning in a back-
ward direction. Upon the face of the instrument there is a dial, and a hand on the
axis of the ratchet wheel indicates upon this dial each step which the wheel is
caused to make. As it is the duty of the conductor to press in the stud once for
each penny which he receives the position of the hand upon the dial will correspond
with the number of pence received. As the ratchet wheel completes its revolution
a pin upon it moves forward for the space of one tooth another wheel, and corre-
sponding with this wheel there is also a dial upon the face of the instrument with
a band indicating the number of completed rotations of the ratchet wheel, and
so it may be the number of the shillings received. In a similar way the completed
revolutions of this second wheel are recorded by a third wheel, and hand, and dial
En

page_text: similar to the second, and each step of the hand on the face of the third dial may
indicate a pound received.
The sound of the bell indicates that the duty of the conductor is properly
performed.
In place of making the apparatus portable it may be fixed to the vehicle, and
the indication may be on dials in conspicuous places both outside and inside.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BREAKING UP CLAY BEFORE OR AFTER IT HAS PASSED THROUGH THE ROLLERS USED IN THE MAKING OF BRICKS OR TILES, OR ANY OTHER ARTICLE MADE FROM CLAY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spedding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1877.
WILLIAM SPEDDING, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, Colliery Manager.
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BREAKING UP CLAY BEFORE OR AFTER IT HAS
PASSED THROUGH THE ROLLERS USED IN THE MAKING OF BRICKS OR TILES, OR ANY
OTHER ARTICLE MADE FROM CLAY."
This Invention relates to apparatus for breaking up clay before or after it has
passed through the rollers used in the making of bricks, or tiles, or any other
articles made from clay. The improved apparatus consists of a revolving shaft,
having upon it beaters or spokes, which beaters or spokes, as the shaft revolves,
pass between beaters or spokes upon a fixed shaft, such fixed shaft being parallel
to the revolving shaft.
As the shaft revolves the beaters or spokes upon it press or strike the clay
against the fixed beaters or spokes, and so break it up.
Instead of the secondly above-mentioned shaft being fixed, it may be made to
revolve, and the firstly above-mentioned shaft may be fixed, or one of the shafts may
be made to revolve in one direction, and the other shaft may be made to revolve in
the reverse direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBLITERATING OR CANCELLING POSTAGE AND OTHER STAMPS, AND DEEDS, BANK NOTES, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, AND FOR IMPRESSING UPON LETTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS AND OBJECTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Fryer and Robert
William Head at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th
November 1877.
FREDERICK WILLIAM FRYER and ROBERT WILLIAM HEAD, both of Exeter, in the
County of Devon. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBLITERATING OR
CANCELLING POSTAGE AND OTHER STAMPS, AND DEEDS, BANK NOTES, AND OTHER
DOCUMENTS, AND FOR IMPRESSING UPON LETTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS AND
OBJECTS."
Our Invention refers to apparatus for obliterating or cancelling stamps, deeds,
bank notes, and other documents, and for impressing upon letters and other
documents such marks or impressions as may be desired; and according to the
Invention the operations of inking and cancelling are carried on by the to-and-fro
movements of the apparatus.
There is a travelling frame provided with handle and supported by wheels or
rollers running on guides; the travelling frame carries a wheel or cylinder fitted
with the cancelling or other marking stamps or dies. Between the guides are an
inking roller and an inking pad, and the travelling frame is provided with a brush.
By moving the travelling frame to and fro along the guides the cylinder carrying the
stamps or dies is supplied with ink when required.
The letters or other documents with stamps to be obliterated or documents to be
stamped are placed on a table in front of the cylinder in such manner and position
as may be found most convenient for bringing the letters and other documents
under the stamps, and over which the cylinder is caused to pass for the purpose of
stamping or obliterating. There are stop blocks at the sides of the travelling frame
just where the cylinder leaves the inking pad, and the cylinder is weighted in such
manner as to bring the stamps or dies uppermost just at that point, and in this way
the stamps or dies are brought over on to the letter or other articles to be stamped
just in the desired position; of course the stamps or dies are changeable, according
to the marks required to be impressed, or the particular date for example.
The machine is fixed to a horizontal board to be inserted
surface of the table on which the operation of stamping is
into and level with the
carried on and forming

page_text: part of the table; or an opening may be made in the table to receive the machine,
and the machine screwed to the table; a part of the machine projects beyond the
edge of the table to bring it more in reach of the operator.
The inking roller is placed in such a position that unless the inking pad requires
ink the cylinder need not be drawn back so far as for the brush to pass over it, as
the stamps will be inked by being drawn back a less distance; but when ink is
required on the pad the cylinder must be drawn back for the brush to pass over the
inking roller.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRESERVING MEAT OR OTHER DECOMPOSABLE OR PUTRESCIBLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jeyes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1877..
JOHN JEYES, of Plaistow, in the County of Essex, Analytical Chemist. "AN
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRESERVING MEAT OR OTHER DECOMPOSABLE OR PUTRESCIBLE
SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to the preservation of meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, and
other substances, naturally susceptible of decomposition or putrefaction, and which
it is desirable to preserve during transportation, or in store for a considerable
time.
The nature of the said Invention consists in maintaining a low temperature by
creating a rapid evaporation, and excluding the air from the meat or other substance
to be preserved.
It is well known to all familiar with the subject to which this Invention
appertains, that decay or putrefaction cannot exist without three agents or con-
ditions, namely, heat, moisture, and air. In the absence of either of these agents
decay or decomposition will be arrested; and if any two of them can be excluded a
still better result will be obtained.
In practising my Invention I may employ any suitably constructed room, apart-
ment, or safe on board a ship, or in a store or warehouse. In this room or apartment
I place the meat or other substance to be preserved, and draw or force through the
said room or apartment a current of air, while at the same time a jet, spray, shower,
or stream of salt or sea water is directed by a syringe or other suitable means,
either intermittently or continuously, upon the meat or other substance in the said
room. After this process has been continued for a few hours the meat or other
substance thus treated will be found coated or hermetically sealed by a deposit of
crystals of salt.
The draught or current of air through the room or apartment containing the
ment or other substance may be produced by means of a fire in a furnace, so con-
structed and arranged that it will not heat the interior of the said room or apart-
ment, or its contents, and the air for maintaining combustion in the said furnace
must pass through said room or apartment.

page_text: Instead of a fire we may use other suitable means for producing a draught or
current of air for the purpose above specified.
By the above described process or method I exclude the air from the meat
or other decomposable or putrescible substances, and I can maintain in and
around the same a temperature of about 36° Fahrenheit, or nearly at the freezing 5
point.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH RAISING OR LOWERING GOODS OR MATERIAL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Harrison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1877.
ABRAHAM HARRISON, of Ripon Street, Lincoln, in the County of Lincoln,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH RAISING OR LOWERING
GOODS OR MATERIAL."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus connected with raising or
lowering goods or material in general, and consists of a frame between which are
two chain or sprocket wheels, cach in a piece, with worn-toothed wheels, which
receive their motion from a central worm or endless screw formed upon a shaft
receiving its rotation to the right or to the left by bevil gearing and hand chain
wheel from outside the frame.
The lift chain is a single chain, and one end, which is loose, is allowed to run
freely over either of the lift-chain wheels, the lift chain getting its grip for lifting
purposes by the bite between the wheels by the links taking partly into each of
them. The chain runs up between the two wheels and has its load attached to a
hook at its bottom end. The two chains lift wheels are of the same diameter, and
their centres are truly horizontal, one with the other, at equal distances from the
vertical centre of the worm axis or shaft so that they travel at the same speed and
lift the chain between them.
The shaft of the worm is stepped at the lower part into a portion of the frame,
and its upper part is within an eye or boss of the same casting, which as part of
the frame is securely held to the other at its upper part by bolts at the socket of
the suspension hook, and at the bottom by the axle bolts which carry the lift
chain wheels. The hand wheel on the outside is also a sprocket wheel for an endless
chain to pass over, and by which the apparatus can be worked when suspended by
its hook to the projecting end of a crane, jib, or otherwise.
A stoppage of the motion of the apparatus enables the load to be suspended, and
a reverse motion of the hand wheel permits it to be lowered.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE NECKS OF BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR FORMING THE SAME
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Gee and George Gibbs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1877.
SAMUEL GEE and GEORGE GIBBS, both of Leeds, in the County of York. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE NECKS OF BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR FORMING THE SAME."
Our improvements consist in constructing within the necks of bottles, jars, or
other vessels vertical channels or grooves, these being formed in a projecting flange
provided above a ledge or lip, similar to the one known in the bottle trade as a
Patent lip," and used for sauces and the like. We make the under part of the
flange either an incline or perfectly parallel with the upper face of the flange.
**
For aërated waters we construct an inner lining or form like that of the interior
of the bottle neck, and place upon the ledge or lip an india-rubber washer; then
we press the lining or form down on, the said washer and twist it under the flange
in the bottle neck. We make the lining of metal, glass, wood, porcelain, and use
an ordinary glass or porcelain internal stopper. The necks of the bottles are formed
by the tool described in the Specification of our Patent, No. 3011, dated 26 July
1876.
For beer and other similar fluids we use a porcelain or glass stopper, constructed
an exact counter part of the form of the neck. In this instance the india-rubber
washer is placed under the head of the stopper.
For feeding bottles we, by preference, close the neck with an internal lining,
similar to that used for aërated waters, but perforated through the centre for the
purpose of receiving a tube or pipe similar to that of the ordinary feeding bottles.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilham Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1877
WILLIAM SMITH, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING"
My Invention is applicable to the shedding motion, and it consists in certain
improved modes of constructing the parts thereof, whereby they are rendered mole
duiable and less liable to get out of order
The first part of my Invention consists in making the pattern chain which selects
the healds requisite to form the shed of a series of iods connected by links forming
an endless chaun On these 1ods are mounted bowls made of metal, carthenware, or
other suitable material, and these bowls are kept at the requisite distance apart by
bushes, the bowls and bushes are placed in any order or succession on the iods
according to the pattern requned
The bowls act on upright levels to push forward the needles acting on double
hooks in the ordinary manner, and the needles are brought back by springs as
usual, or the upright levels above referred to can be acted upon by the ordinal y
pattern chain made of wood lags and pegs, or by casting a peg on the upright lever
it can be acted upon by the usual perforated Jacquard cards.
IMPROVED MODe of AND FASTENING FOR JOINING THE ENDS OF STRAPS, BANDS, OR BELTS USED IN MACHINERY AND THE LIKE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gittus at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1877.
HENRY GITTUS, of Barnsley, in the County of York. "IMPROVED MODe of
AND FASTENING FOR JOINING THE ENDS OF STRAPS, BANDS, OR BELTS USED IN
MACHINERY AND THE LIKE"
In joining belts in the usual manner with overlapping joint, whether by lacing
or rivets, there is considerable waste of leather as well as a troublesome protuberance.
Now my Invention is designed to enable me to use a butt joint and so obviate
waste of leather, to simplify the operation, and so save a large amount of time and
trouble, and at the same time make a much neater joint. It consists in cutting the
ends of the belting so as to present a butt joint, then pierce each of them with a
row of holes parallel to the joint at points about twice to three times the thickness
of the leather apart, and about one to four thicknesses from the edge of the cut.
Through these holes are placed the lugs of the fasteners, hereafter described; a pin
put through each set of lugs completes the joint.
The fasteners consist of a simple stout curved shank with a lug at each end,
rather on one side. These can be stamped out of sheet metal or cast and drilled, or
made in any convenient manner. Sometimes for greater strength two sets of
fasteners may be desirable. In this case they are placed so as to alternate with
cach other, and either all the same length, but alternately with their lugs in one line
of holes and then in the other, or one set of fasteners are longer and take the outside
ranges of holes while the shorter take the inner rows. I prefer, however, except in
rare cases, a single set of fasteners, as it is not so much the fastener bearing on the
hole, as the fronts of the shanks of the fasteners on the one side and the pins on the
other pressing tightly into the belt as it strives with the tension in it to become
perfectly straight that gives the grip. The pins can have heads or nuts or other
things to prevent them falling out, but so long as the tension is applied the pins are
so tightly pressed into the belt that it is difficult to draw them out.
The edges of the belt are usually cut to a beyel instead of quite straight, to increase
the resistance.

page_text: I sometimes instead of two eyes use hooks to slip the pin in; this is useful when
using pins with a head at each end.
The fastener can also be varied by simple flattened endless belt, like an elongated
O, slightly curved up at each end.
I merely give these as suggestions of ways in which my Invention could be
modified, not as exhausting the question.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William James Fernie, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO
STEAM GENERATORS."
Sealed the 18th January 1878, and dated the 31st October 1877.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William James Fernie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1877.
WILLIAM JAMES FERNIE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM GENERATORS."
" IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to horizontal steam generators in which circulation of the
water is assisted by means of a saddle or jacket placed around the flue or crown of
the furnace, extending downwards nearly to the bottom of the said generator, and
provided at the top with a pipe or pipes extending above the water line into the
steam space.
The object is to prevent priming in such generators, and for this purpose I place
a deflector or deflectors in the steam space over the pipe or pipes, or I turn down
the end of each pipe in such manner that all water thrown up into the steam space
by circulation through the said pipe or pipes shall be deflected or turned back,
and steam alone allowed to pass to the cylinder or cylinders of the engine or
engines.
That my Invention may be better understood, I have appended a Sheet of illus-
trative Drawings containing two views, in which Fig. 1 is a transverse, and Fig. 2 a
longitudinal section of a horizontal marine boiler, having my improvements applied
thereto.
1 is the shell of the generator; 2, furnace flue; 3, saddle or jacket, reaching from
the bottom of the generator upwards over the crown of the flue 2; 4, 41, 42, and 43
are pipes, extending from the saddle or jacket 3 into the steam space. The pipe 4
is turned down, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The pipe 4¹ is formed with a tee piece
at top, the pipe 4* is fitted with a deflector or cap 6, whilst one deflector 7 is made.
to serve for all the three pipes 4³.
It will be obvious that various modifications of deflectors or caps, and that

page_text: various methods of turning down the ends of the pipes, and arranging the deflectors
or caps, may be employed without departing from my Invention.
Having now described and illustrated my improvements in such manner that
others will be enabled to carry the same into effect, I claim the improvements in
and applicable to steam generators, substantially as set forth and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said William James Fernie, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
WILLIAM JAMES FERNIE. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE FOLDING STOOL, APPLICABLE AS A WALKING STICK, AND UMBRELLA, AND RUG CARRIER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Burke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1877.
MICHAEL BURKE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED
ADJUSTABLE FOLDING STOOL, APPLICABLE AS A WALKING STICK, AND UMBRELLA,
AND RUG CARRIER."
The object of this Invention is to provide a light stool or seat for tourists and
others which shall fold up so as to assume a shape suitablo for use as a walking
stick, and shall at the same time serve as an umbrella or rug carrier.
In carrying my Invention into practice I employ three long narrow frames of
rigid material, such as wood or metal, fitting one inside the other. The centre piece
or frame is hinged at one end to the middle frame, and the middle and outer frame-
works are hinged together at or about their centres. The middle frame is provided
with a handle, and the outside frame with a projecting piece and ferrule, or vice
versa. The centre piece or frame is provided with straps, loops, or their equivalents,
to which articles can be attached. The free end of the centre piece or frame is
formed with notches and holes. When used as a stool the centre framework forms
the seat and is held in position at the free end by the projection and ferrule on the
outer frame, which passes through one of the holes in the free end of the centre
piece or frame, and by the notches which rest on a cross rail on the outer frame;
the two outside frames act as legs.
Fig. 1 is a front view, and Fig. a side view of my improved adjustable folding
stool, shown closed, and capable of being used as a walking stick; 1, handle; 2,
projecting piece and ferrule; 3, straps whereby an umbrella, rug, or the like can be
attached.
Fig. 3 shows the stool open, and in a position to be sat upon; 4, centre piece,
hinged to the middle frame at 5; 6, middle frame, hinged to the outer frame 7 at 8;
9 are notches which rest on the cross rail 10; 11 are holes, through which the pro-
jecting piece and ferrule 2 passes. The height of the seat is raised or lowered
according to the hole through which 2 passes.
A NEW APPARATUS OR APPLIANCE FOR SELF-MEASURING OILS AND OTHER LIQUIDS DRAWN OFF FROM CANS, TANKS, BARRELS, AND OTHER VESSELS OR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Potto Clarke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1877
"
JOSEPH POTTO CLARKE, of Basingbourn, Royston, Cambridgeshire
" A NEW
APPARATUS OR APPLIANCE FOR SELF-MEASURING OILS AND OTHER LIQUIDS
DRAWN OFF FROM CANS, TANKS, BARRELS, AND OTHER VESSELS OR RECEPTACLES
The object of this Invention is to simplify and improve the mode at present
adopted of measuring off oils and other liquids
This new apparatus or appliance is equally applicable and can be affixed either to
the inside or outside of a cask, can, barrel, or other vessels on receptacles
To the inside of a can or other vessel a small tank of imperial measure of any
suitable shape, and made of any suitable matenal, is affixed, the top of which is
made flush with the false bottom of the can or other vessel A hole is made in the
top of the measure for the oil or other liquid to flow in, this hole is opened and
closed by means of a tap which is fixed outside the tank or vessel. Another tap
18 fixed to the bottom of the can or other vessel, communicating only with the
measure, which empties the same when turned on
More than one measure or measures of different sizes can be fixed in one tank, if
desired
In the case of placing the apparatus or appliance outside the tank, cask, or other
vessel a tube connects the same with the tank, at the end of which is a tap which
supplies the measure, and another tap is fixed to the bottom of the measure to be
used when measuring off
When the measuring apparatus or appliance is fixed outside, the outlet of the
measure is tapered so as to fit into the mouth of bottles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER FLUES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles John Galloway at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1877.
CHARLES JOHN GALLOWAY, of Knott Mill Iron Works, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER FLUES."
My Invention relates to the mode of strengthening internal boiler flues by forming
swells or corrugations extending circularly round the flue.
In the arrangements heretofore employed for this purpose it has been necessary
to specially shape both ends of each section of the flue tube, so as to form the cor-
rugation or swell in the contiguous ends of two sections. Now according to my
present Invention I so construct the several sections of the flue tube that only one
end of each section requires to be specially shaped for forming the said circular cor-
rugations. For this purpose, according to one arrangement, I form a complete
circular corrugation near the one end of the section, leaving a short length of tube
extending beyond the corrugation, which length is made either of a sufficiently
enlarged diameter to receive within it the end of the next section, so as to be rivetted
thereto, or I make such short length of a reduced diameter, so as to fit within the
contiguous end of the section to which it is to be rivetted.
According to another arrangement I form the several sections of the flue tapering
in diameter from one end to the other, making the outer diameter near the smaller
end considerably smaller than the internal diameter of the larger end, and I then
swell out the extremity of the smaller end, so that its outer diameter corresponds
with the internal diameter of the larger end of the contiguous section, into which it
is fitted and secured by rivetting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING, DYEING, OR STAINING WEBS OR LENGTHS OF PAPER, PASTEBOARD, CARDBOAD, AND MILLBOARD, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES THEREFOR
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fraser at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April 1877.
JAMES FRASER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Stationer and Printer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING, DYEING, OR STAINING WEBS OR LENGTHS OF PAPER,
PASTEBOARD, CARDBOAD, AND MILLBOARD, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES
THEREFOR."
This Invention has for its object to give a uniform coloured surface to one or
both sides of webs or lengths of paper, pasteboard, cardboard, and millboard, in a
cheap and economical manner. For this purpose I submit the length or web of
paper, pasteboard, cardboard, or millboard, whether in the finished condition or
during the process of manufacture, first, to the action on one or both surfaces of
liquid, colouring, dyeing, or staining matter; and second, to the action of heat to
evaporate the moisture and fix the colour.
When it is desired to colour both surfaces of the web or length alike the apparatus
I employ consists of a trough of colouring matter through which the web or length
is caused to pass, after which the said length is passed partly around one or more
heated rollers.
When it is desired to colour one surface only, I employ in contact with the
web or length a felt or like roller, to which colouring matter is supplied in place of
the trough.
When it is desired to colour both surfaces differently I employ two felt or
like rollers supplied with colouring matter, one on each side, and in contact with
the web or length.
In all cases, after being coloured, dyed, or stained, the web or length is passed
around one or more heated rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE CLEANSING OF CISTERNS OR TANKS AND FOR TRAPPING THEIR WASTE PIPES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thompson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd January 1877.
JOSEPH THOMPSON, of Manor House, No. 124, Camberwell Road, in the County
of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE CLEANSING OF
CISTERNS OR TANKS AND FOR TRAPPING THEIR WASTE PIPES."
This Invention has for its object to provide a ready means of cleansing cisterns
and tanks, and also of keeping the water in them in a pure state by effectually
trapping the standing waste pipe so that no foul air can get into the cistern from
the drain. For this purpose I affix to the bottom of a cistern a trap which can be
made of lead, iron, or brass, or other metal; the under portion of the trap is formed
with a cup or box for water, and on one side of this is a descending pipe and socket
to which the waste pipe to drain is to be connected; the top part or cover of the
trap is made with a junction standing up from it for the waste pipe, or as it is
usually called the standing waste, to be secured to. This short junction pipe is
continued downwards for a distance below the cover and dips into the water in the
cup or box of the trap before mentioned, so an air-tight trap is formed to exclude
foul air from the cistern or tank. In the cover of the trap is also formed a valve
seat to receive a plug valve which is arranged so that it can be raised by means of
a wire connected to a lever at top of tank, which lever has a rope or wire pull, by
pulling upon which the valve can be raised from its seat and the contents of the
cistern be allowed to pass away through the waste pipe, or other means may be
provided for lifting the valve. The valve is kept in position above its seat by
guides which ensure its always descending on to its seat, and the trap being fixed
level or below the surface of cistern or tank no bad or old water can remain, and by
keeping the valve open for a little time when the supply of water is coming in the
cistern or tank will be better cleansed; the daily supply will thus be of fresh water
from the main.
The upper and lower portion of trap or box is fixed together by screws or bolts
and nuts to form an air-tight joint.

page_text: The trap or box may be easily fixed to wood cisterns or tanks by a flange upon
it screwed to bottom of same, and the zinc or lead or metal lining of the tank or
cistern can be soldered to the upper surface of the trap or box.
The trap or box may also be fixed to iron or slate cisterns or tanks by fixing them
under the bottom of the same and bolting them on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR VERTICAL SPINDLES OR SHAFTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Rattray Malcolm at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1877.
DAVID RATTRAY. MALCOLM, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR VERTICAL SPINDLES OR SHAFTS."
This Invention, which relates to improved bearings for spindles or vertical shafts,
has for its object to prevent the waste of oil, and to insure such spindles or shafts
being efficiently lubricated.
The Invention consists in fixing on each spindle or shaft and beneath the bearing
to be lubricated a hollow reservoir in such a manner that any oil passing through
the bearing will be caught in the reservoir. The reservoir is made of such dimen-
sions that the bush or bearing for a part. of its length can be passed through the
upper end of the reservoir, and be immersed in the oil contained in the reservoir.
On that part of the spindle or shaft enclosed within that part of the bush or bearing
within the reservoir, one, two, or more spiral grooves are formed, which have the
effect when the spindle is in motion of lifting a small quantity of oil, and forcing it
up through the bearing, thus keeping it always efficiently lubricated without loss
of oil.
The spiral grooves aforesaid may be formed on the bearing or bush instead of
being formed on the spindle; and where a more complete circulation is wanted the
grooves may be so formed on the spindle or on the bush as to cause the oil to run up
through the bush in a constant stream, being led down to the reservoir again by
means of a channel cut through the body of the bush.
The bush or bearing is provided with a groove or recess at its upper end, which
prevents the centrifugal motion of the spindle from throwing off the oil.
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN APPLIANCES EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1877.
"IM-
JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN APPLIANCES EMPLOYED THEREIN."
"
My Invention relates in the first place to the "crank arms of looms, and has
for its object to dispenso with the straps and cottars; I form each arm in two
parts, hinged together, and crossing as in scissors or plyers, the hinge pin being by
preference near one end; a bolt near the other end secures the arm when placed in
position. The two ends may be bored to fit the shaft and pin, or one or both ends
may be fitted with steps as preferred.
A second part of my Invention relates to the picking bands. I employ a strip
of the material known as buffalo hide in lieu of the ordinary strap; the said strip
is attached by one end to a double hook which hooks into the picker, the other end
of the said strip being connected with the picking stick by means of a short leather
strap. The connections may be varied to some extent so long as they permit the
necessary play to suit the comparative rigidity of the hide. I prefer to double the
end of the hide where perforated for attachment.
A third part of my Invention relates to the temples. In one arrangement I
employ revolving wheels or discs, mounted one within the other, and provided with
pins in their faces near their peripheries and inclining outwards. The axis of motion
is inclined so that the teeth take hold of the selvidge, a shield covering portions of
the wheels to prevent the contact of the cloth with teeth not travelling in a suitable
direction.
In another arrangement I employ rollers which are formed with collars in or on
which the pin points are fixed or formed. The said rollers are so formed and
arranged with relation to each other that the collars on one roller are opposite to
the spaces between the collars of the adjacent roller or rollers, the points on the one
roller entering the spaces on the other roller or rollers; I may also cause the collars
on one roller to enter the spaces on the other roller or rollers to some extent.
A remaining part of my Invention relates to the healds and consists in forming
one or both shafts in two parts, between which, springs are interposed in order to
impart elasticity to the action of the healds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isidor Nasch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th October 1877.
ISIDOR NASCH, of No. 16, Finsbury Pavement, in the City of London, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING
MACHINES."
My Invention consists of a new contrivance or arrangement of bevel wheels,
running in a toothed bevel ring, connecting the upper spindle that works the needle
with the under spindle which works the feed, shuttle, or hook, thus running both
spindles in the same direction (that is, the upper surface) as the direction of the
travel of the material operated on.
I obtain the above results by the aid of the following contrivances, and as shown
in the accompanying Drawing:-Figure 1 is a sectional elevation; Figure 2 is the
end elevation. The internal part of the rim "A" of the fly wheel has teeth cut on
it to form a bevel wheel driving the upper spindle "C" by gearing into a bevel
pinion "D" fixed on the same, and also driving the lower spindle "E" by gearing
into a similar pinion "F" fixed on the latter spindle.
It will be seen by this arrangement that both the spindle "C" and "E" rotate
in the same direction, and also in the same direction (that is, their upper surface)
as the direction of travel of the material operated upon. This arrangement is
adapted to all kinds of sewing machines.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN DRINKING BOTTLES OR FLASKS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Fouchez at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1877.
LÉON FOUCHEZ, of Cognac, France. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN DRINKING BOTTLES
OR FLASKS."
My Invention relates to improvements in pocket or portable drinking flasks for
the use of travellers, sportsmen, and others, and consists in making flasks with two
or more separate compartments, as hereafter described, to contain different kinds of
liquor in a single flask which may be carried in the pocket or by a sling, thus
affording a choice of various liquors.
The Invention also consists in securing a drinking glass to the stopper of one of
the compartments, as hereafter described, in such manner that it is not liable to
fall off, but may be readily detached for use.
In carrying out my Invention the flask is in the first instance made in separate
sections, one for each compartment, the several sections being afterwards united
together to form the complete flask. Each section is blown in a separate mould, of
the proper shape, according to the number of compartments and the shape of the
entire flask, and each section is in itself a complete bottle, being furnished with a
neck and stoppered, as hereafter described. The sections formed in separate moulds,
as above described, are, whilst the glass is still plastic, transferred to a common
mould of a size and shape corresponding to that of the complete flask, in which the
adjacent sides of the sections are caused to adhere together and form a single flask
with two or more compartments, as above described. The neck of each compart-
ment is closed by a glass stopper clothed with cork, which is retained on the stopper
by a screw thread on the latter screwing into the cork. In flasks with two or three
compartments, the two necks, or two outermost necks, as the case may be, are
inclined outwards, and a drinking glass is attached to the middle stopper of the
flask with three compartments by inverting it and placing it on the stopper, so
that two lugs on the inside of the glass near the bottom pass down through notches

page_text: in and take under the bead of the stopper, which is inclined or made spiral in order
that when the glass is turned partly round on the stopper the head of the latter will
be tightened against the bottom of the glass so as to retain the latter securely in
place. The flask may be of any convenient form, either with two flat sides, like an
ordinary pocket flask, or with one flat and one rounded side if intended to be carried
by a sling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Aaron Friend and James
Hulme Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd
February 1877.
ERNEST AARONFRIEND and JAMES HULME JACKSON, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS."
The object of this Invention is so to make a double fronted shirt that the front can
be changed with the greatest facility and instantaneously without removing or even
unbuttoning the coat or waistcoat.
In the first place we make the shirt plain in front, and we make two separate
plaited fronts (say, for example, one white and the other coloured); one we stitch
by its left-hand edge to the left side of the front of the shirt, leaving it loose from
the shirt but providing it at or near the other edge with a button hole or holes by
means of which its right-hand edge can be attached to a button or buttons fixed to
the shirt for that purpose; the other front we treat in the reverse manner, that is to
say, we stitch it on to the shirt by its right-hand edge only, and it will thus be
evident that either front may be buttoned over the other at will; the loose collar
may also be made with the two sides different to correspond with the two fronts.
Another way of making the front changeable is to stitch the fronts to the shirt
as before (one by its right-hand edge and the other by its left-hand edge), but
instead of leaving the two fronts loose as in the former case we stitch them both
down to the shirt again along the centre of the front, leaving only half of each
front loose; the two loose halves being now back to back are stitched together by
their edges when they will resemble the leaf of a book, and by buttoning this leaf
over either to the right or to the left either front will be exposed.
A SELF-CLOSING TAP OR VALVE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Kunkler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1877.
EDWARD KUNKLER, of Lenzburg, Switzerland, Chemist. "A SELF-CLOSING TAP
OR VALVE."
This Invention of a self-closing tap or valve consists in an apparatus, which by
self-closing action avoids waste in racking off or filling beer or other liquids into
casks or other vessels.
In the ordinary practice of racking off beer into other casks, the hose supplying
the liquor is fitted at the end with a tap, which is turned off when the cask is full by
the attendant. Frequently the cask overflows and waste is caused, or if by great
care the man partially turns off the tap as the cask is nearly filled to prevent waste,
loss of time is incurred.
In this Invention, the tap being self-closing, waste or loss of time is prevented,
the liquor running with the same velocity till the tap is closed.
The apparatus consists of a nozzle to attach to the supply hose, the nozzle
terminates in a small chamber. The bottom of this chamber has an aperture fitted
with a flat or conical seated valve, by which aperture, when the valve is raised, the
liquor escapes.
In the upper part or cap of the chamber a sliding rod works, with which the
valve is raised; this rod is fitted at its lower end with spring hooks or catches,
which when lowered, catch in an annular recess in the head of the valve. The rod
as it rises, passing through a small aperture in the cap, brings the catches together
and frees them from the annular recess; in this condition the valve would again
fall, but is prevented. In this manner, centrally fixed to the under side of the
valve, is a downward projecting rod sliding in suitable bearings; small projections,
hinged struts inclined to this rod, allow it to be freely lifted, but prevent it falling.
Around the valve rod is a cylindrical or other shaped float, which, rising as the cask
is filled, lifts up the hinged struts and allows the valve to fall, and so shuts off the
supply of liquid.
The stream of liquid is guided outside of the float by a tube and concentric ;
with this is the outer tube. Between these two tubes the liquid enters the cask,
the outer tube being placed in the bung hole; this tube may be of any convenient
Price 2d1

page_text: length suited to the size of the cask, and with or without a length of hose, or may bo
made telescopic. As the cask nearly fills, the float begins to rise, and at the desired
level lifts the struts, and the valve instantly falls and shuts off the supply. The
attendant has only to remove the apparatus to another cask, raise the valve by the
sliding rod, and let the liquid flow, and so on.
It is evident that this Invention is applicable to many cases where a certain flow
of liquid is put in operation, and where it is desirable that the supply shall be cut
off at a required level.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING OR ADAPTING PIANOFORTES, HARMONIUMS, AND SIMILAR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR EXHIBITING OR DISPLAYING ADVERTISEMENTS.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Barcham Anthony at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1877.
BENJAMIN BARCHAM ANTHONY, of 167ª, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, and
183, Brixton Road, in the County of Surrey, Advertising Agent. "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING OR ADAPTING PIANOFORTES, HARMONIUMS, AND SIMILAR
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR EXHIBITING OR DISPLAYING ADVERTISEMENTS.'
"
This Invention is designed to provide a convenient means for exhibiting or
displaying advertisements in hotels, concert rooms, ball rooms, and other places of
public resort, and consists in constructing or providing such musical instruments as
pianofortes, barmoniums, American organs, with means for receiving and exhibiting
advertisements without encumbering them with unsightly appendages, or destroying
or impairing their power or quality of sound.
The said Invention is more especially applicable to pianofortes, and I will there-
fore more fully describe it in connection with these instruments.
In constructing a pianoforte for the purpose of my Invention, instead of providing
it with the ordinary silk covering at the front or other portions where such material
is used, I provide a frame which is divided into a number of spaces of a hexagonal,
octagonal, losenge, or other form.
This frame may be formed of the same wood as the body of the instrument, or of
any other suitable material. It is designed that each of the spaces or subdivisions
of the said frame should contain and exhibit an advertisement, and that these
advertisements should be printed on silk or other material that will not obstruct
the sound, and stretched by means of small inner frames which are capable of ready
insertion or removal from the said spaces to permit the advertisements to be taken
out for additions or alterations, or to be replaced by others as required. Or I may
use any other suitable means for securing the silk or other like material.
The said frame is designed to occupy the whole of the front space of the piano
above the keyboard and its cover; and if desired I may form other apertures or
openings at the back or lower portion of the instrument for the reception of
other like frames.
This Invention is readily applicable to existing pianofortes and similar instru-
ments without injuring or impairing their quality of sound or tone or their
Appearance

page_text: The said Invention provides a medium for displaying advertisements in public
rooms or buildings, which will be of very great utility and advantage to all persons
who advertise, and will ensure their advertisements being seen and read by great
numbers of persons who would not otherwise notice them, and will thus increase
the facilities of communication between the public and those who supply the wants 5
of the same.