Improvements in and relating to Window Sashes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 9th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 24th Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Window Sashes.
I, DAVID AITKEN of 15 Hill Street, Springburu, in the City and County of
Glasgow, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved mode and
means of constructing the sliding sash frames of windows and sliding and locking
these, and whereby the glass enclosing frames of both top and bottom sashes can
be separately swivelled into the apartment or reversed for cleaning, ventilating, or
repair purposes.
The improvements consist first in constructing each top and bottom sash in the
form of two frames, an outer open rectangular frame to slide up and down against
the fixed style of the window in the usual manner, and a corresponding inner frame
carrying the glass, mounted at top and bottom to swivel on pivots at the centre of
the outer frame. The pivots would preferably consist of short studs or stud
spindles mounted at the centre of the top and bottom rails of each sash, and
corresponding sockets would be formed or mounted at the top and bottom of each
of the inner glass carrying frames, so that these frames may be swivelled on said
pivots or vice versa the pivots may be fitted on the swivelling frames and the
sockets in the outer sliding frames.
With this arrangement the inner glass carrying frame of the lower sash may be
swivelled round on the central vertical pivots and reversed into the apartment
to get cleaned, and be then moved up to the top of window style, and the upper
sash can be then brought down, and its inner frame be correspondingly swivelled
into the apartment to get cleaned. Instead of swivelling the inner frames on
vertical axes they may be swivelled ou horizontal axes, or axes set at an angle,
although this would not be preferred. Locking bolts or catches would be fitted
in the inner swivelling frames to slide or oscillate into corresponding sockets or
recesses in the outer sliding frames, or rice versa, so as to lock or retain the inner
frames when these are swivelled into closed position against stop ribs on the outer
frames and which would always remain in this position except when these inner
frames required to be swivelled into the apartment for cleaning or other purposes.
Blade springs would preferably be fulcrumed at their centre and have rollers
mounted on pins at their turned ends on each side of the outer frames of the top
and bottom sashes, to act against metal strips on the fixed frames or style of window
so as to carry and guide or retain the sliding sashes in position without the use of
cords or weights; although these latter may be fitted in the usual manner if so
desired.
To lock or secure the sliding frames in their normal closed position, a turning
and locking spring catch would be used at the counterchecks, consisting of a bolt
passing through a front plate and tube in upper countercheck part of lower
sliding sash. The inner end of this bolt would be formed with a cam or grooved
head to enter behind and grip an angled or cam plate in a slot or recess formed in
the lower countercheck rail of upper sash when in its locking position. A helical
or spiral spring would be mounted on the locking bolt between the front plate and
a shoulder or collar formed on the bolt; and when the bolt is to be unlocked, it
would be turned by a hand lever, preferably double armed, secured near its outer
end between the front plate and a screw nut on screwed end of bolt, and the arms
of lever would pass over projecting inclined or cam plates formed on outer
surface of front plate, and draw out the bolt from its locking catch against the

page_text: action of, the spiral spring; and when the hand lever is released from catch
projections on the ends of the cam plates, the recoil of spring would turn and
press the bolt into its locking position.
Dated the 8th January 1894.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Window Sashes.
I, DAVID AITKEN, of 15 Hill Street, Springburn, in the City and County of
Glasgow, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, that is to say:-—
This invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved mode and
means of constructing the sliding sash frames of windows, and sliding and locking
these, and whereby the glass enclosing frames of both top and bottom sashes can
be separately swivelled into the apartment or reversed for cleaning, ventilating, or
repair purposes.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings in which the same reference letters
are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figure is a sectional elevation. Figure 2 a sectional plan view, and Figure 3
an edge section of a window as fitted in accordance with my improvements.
Figure 4 is an edge section to an enlarged scale through countercheck part of
window, and Figure 5 a corresponding section broken away the latter showing the
locking bolt.
Figures 6 and 7 are a horizontal section and front face view respectively of the
countercheck locking catch and fittings; and Figure 8 is a side section showing
the catch for locking the swivelling frames to the sliding sash frames.
Referring to these drawings:-The improvements consist, first, in constructing
each top and bottom sash in the form of two frames, an outer open rectangular
frame A to slide up and down against the fixed style C of the window in the usual
manner; and a corresponding inner frame B carrying the glass, mounted at top
and bottom to swivel on pivots b, b, at centre of the outer frame A. The pivots b
would preferably consist of short studs or stud spindles cast on screwed on plates
at the centre of the top and bottom rails of each frame B, and corresponding
plate sockets would be formed or mounted at the top and bottom of each of the
outer sash frames A, so that these frames B may be swivelled by their pivots b, or
vice versa the pivots may be fitted on the sliding frames A and the sockets in the
inner swivelling frames B.
With this arrangement the inner glass carrying frame B of the lower sash may
be swivelled round on the central vertical pivots 6 and reversed into the apartment
to get cleaned, and be then moved up to the top of window style, and the upper
sash A can be then brought down, and its inner frame B be correspondingly
Awivelled into the apartment to get cleaned. Instead of swivelling the inner
frames B on vertical axes they may be swivelled on horizontal axes, or axes set at an
angle, although this would not be preferred. Locking bolts or catches c would be
fitted in the inner swivelling frames B to oscillate when operated by a key into
corresponding sockets or recesses c¹ in the outer sliding trame A, or vice versa, so as
to lock or retain the inner frames B when these are swivelled into closed position
against stop ribs a on the outer frames A and which would always remain in this
position except when these inner frames B require to be swivelled into the
apartment for cleaning or other purposes. The sliding frames A would be

page_text: counterbalanced by weights D¹ attached to cords D passing over pulleys D' in a
usual manner.
To lock or secure the sliding frames A in their normal closed position a
turning and locking spring catch would be used at the counterchecks, consisting
of a bolt E passing through a front plate E' and tube E' in upper countercheck
part of lower sliding sash A. The inner end of this bolt E would be formed with
a cam or grooved head E³ to enter behind and grip a projecting angled or cam
plate E in a slot or recess E' formed in the lower countercheck rail of upper
Bash A when in its locking position. A helical or spiral spring E" would be
mounted on the locking bolt E between the front plate E' and a shoulder or
collar E formed on the bolt E; and when the bolt is to be unlocked, it would
be turned by a hand lever ee¹ preferably double armed, secured near its outer
end between the front plate E' and a screw nut e² on screwed end of bolt E,
and the arms eel of lever when turned would pass, over projecting inclined or
cam plates ee formed on the outer surface of front plate E', and turn and draw
out the bolt E from its locking catch E against the action of the spiral
spring E; and when the hand lever ee¹ is released from catch projections at e
on the ends of the cam plates ee the recoil of spring Elt would turn and press
the bolt E into its locking position.
As shown in Figure 4 a swivelling plate d may be mounted on spring hinges
at dat its ends and extend transversely across the countercheck horizontal
meeting edges of the lower and upper sliding sashes A so as to make same wind
and water tight. While tubes or rods d may be fitted in recesses in one of the
frames A at the countercheck and have blade springs d³ behind them so as to press
said rod into shallow recesses formed in the other meeting sash frame A
and form a weather tight joint at the vertical opening of countercheck; and
similar rods and springs may be fitted at top, bottom, and sides of sash
frames A.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In window sashes, the forming of each top and bottom sash as two
frames, an outer rectangular frame to slide up and down against the fixed style of
window, and a corresponding inner frame carrying the glass mounted to swivel on
the outer frame, substantially as and for the purposes herein described in reference
to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Second. In window sashes, the construction and use of a turning and locking
spring catch for securing the sliding sashes to each other at the countercheck,
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated the 8th October 1894.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.