IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HULLING GRAIN. AND FOR REDUCING GRANULAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: ´LETTERS PATENT to Gustav Adolph Buchholz; of Alfred Place, Brompton,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HULLING GRAIN. AND FOR REDUCING GRANULAR
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 23rd June 1865, and dated the 5th January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th January 1865.
I GUSTAV ADOLPH BUCHHOLZ of Alfred Place Brompton in the County
of Middlesex Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HULLING GRAIN AND FOR REDUCING
GRANULAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to various improvements in the apparatus for which
I obtained Letters Patent, dated April 18th 1863 (No. 976) for machinery
for manufacturing semolina.
In this machinery revolving and stationary blades are used for hulling the
grain and for separating portions of bran from the broken grain.. In place of
fixing these blades as heretofore I now propose to secure them to the rotating.
drums in the vertical hulling machine by forming annular rebated recesses.
for the blades and corresponding longitudinal projections at the back of the
blades themselves to enter the rebates. A radial cut equal in width. to the
16386-4.

page_text: thickness of the blades is made in these annular recesses for the insertion of the
blades endwise and when packed in their place the cut is closed to secure the
blades in the recess. The same arrangement is employed for fixed as well
as rotating blades in the vertical hulling machine and also in the hori-
zontal hulling machine and the other machines in which blades are used as
the cutting or breaking surfaces.
The horizontal machine as described in the Specification of the Patent
above referred to consists of a slowly rotating conical case armed on its inner
periphery with blades and of a conical drum rotating therein at a more rapid
speed and similarly covered on its periphery with blades. As an improvement
on this machine, besides fixing the blades as above described I mount the case
so that its discharging end may be readily raised and lowered to regulate the
delivery of the grain according to the working efficiency of the machine. The
conical case is closed at its ends and mounted on a screw shaft which forms
a loose axle for the case. Midway in the length of the case is a belt of
wire gauze or pierced metal to allow the discharge of the bran as it is formed.
The screw shaft also carries the conical drum which, as the knives wear away is
capable of being shifted on the shaft nearer to the feed end of the case.
feed is effected through a stationary ring fitted in the casting that closes the
smaller end or the head of the conical case. This case with its shaft is
mounted in a rocking frame which is fitted with trunnions at the feeding end
of the machine and at the discharging end is supported by a regulating screw,
the lowering or raising of which by a hand wheel working therein will raise
or depress the discharging end of the case according as the charge is required
to be retarded or expedited. The discharge of the hulled grain is through a
series of lateral holes at the larger end of the case.
As it falls it is conducted
off by a trough to any convenient receptacle to be further operated upon to
separate the loose bran mixed with the grain.
The
Another improvement which I propose to introduce is to substitute rollers
of a peculiar construction for the vertical conical cutting mill of my above-
mentioned Patent as by their action I am enabled more effectually to separate
the remaining semolina from the hulled and cut and crushed wheat. Theso.
rolls are fitted at their periphery with blades after the manner already described
and they are geared together by change spur gearing. One roll is made
adjustable. It is pressed up to its work by springs which are regulated by a
traversing wedge-shaped bar. The distance apart of the rolls is determined
by adjusting screws which however do not prevent the pressing springs from
yielding to relieve the rolls from any undue pressure. To obtain the desired
action of the rollers they are driven at unequal speeds.

page_text: I also employ a pair of cutting rolls for operating upon those particles of
the grain which adhere to the bran after the second separation of the semo-
lina. The rolls are formed with fine longitudinal grooves and are geared and
mounted as described with respect to the blade rolls, their different speeds of
rotation being as 3 to 1 or thereabouts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, GUSTAV
ADOLPH BUCHHOLZ of Alfred Place Brompton in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Fifth day of January in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign did for herself Her heirs and successors give and grant unto
me the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz Her special licence that I the said
Gustav Adolph Buchholz my executors, administrators and assigns, or such
others as I the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz my executors administrators
and assigns should at any time agree with and no others from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed should and
lawfully might nake, use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HULLING GRAIN AND FOR
REDUCING GRANULAR SUBSTANCES" upon the condition (amongst others) that I
the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz my executors or administrators by an
instrument in writing under my or their or one of their hands and seals
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention
and in what mauner the same was to be performed and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention and in what mauner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
This Invention relates to various improvements in the apparatus for which

page_text: I obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent dated 19th November 1862
No. 3113 for machinery for hulling grain and reducing granular substances.
In the hulling machinery revolving and stationary blades are used for
stripping the grain of the bran. These blades are secured to the drums cases
and division plates by means of metal bands or binders which enter notches
cut in the working edges of the blades and are secured by screws or rivets to
the drums or cases. Now in place of fixing the blades as heretofore I
propose to secure them to the rotating drums in the vertical hulling machine
by forming annular rebated recesses for the blades and corresponding longi-
tudinal projections at the back of the blades themselves to enter the rebates.
In Sheet I. of the Drawings I have shewn a drum of my vertical hulling
machino in cross section edge view and plan view at Figs. 1 with the blades
fitted according to the present improvement. The drum A is made of cast
iron with an annular rebated recess both at its periphery and at its
side. B and C are the blades formed at their back so as to fit the
recesses made to receive them. In order to admit of their insertion a saw cut
is made across one of the walls of the annular recesses of a sufficient width to
'allow of the blades being slidden endwise through the cut into their recess,
A filling of cardboard or other suitable material is interposed between every
two blades so that the square working edges of adjacent blades may stand
apart. When the recesses are completely filled with the blades and packing
the cut is closed up in any economical way to secure the blades in the recess.
Figs. 2 shew a detached drum. in side and edge view and cross section with a
slight modification of fastening; the blades C on the side of the drum being
held in place by an annular plate D made fast by screw bolts E. E. I employ
the rebated arrangement as well for fixed as rotating blades. Examples of this
are shewn at Figs. 3 and 4 which represent a division plato of the vertical
hulling machine in plan view and cross section; F. F being the ring of blades
held in position by the overlapping or rebated edges of the annular recess
cast or turned in the horizontal division plates.
Sheets II. and III. of the Drawings shew my improvements on the horizontal
hulling machine described in the Specification of the Patent above referred to
Fig. 1 in Sheet II. is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the machine. Fig. 2
an elevation of the feeding end and Fig. 3 an elevation of the delivery end of
the machine. In Sheet III. Figs. 4 and 5 are front and side views of a slight
modification of the framing shewn at Fig. 2 for supporting the head of the
conical case and Fig. 6 is a cross section of the conical case and drum (which
form the operative parts of the machine) taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1.
The machine may be described as consisting of a slowly rotating conical case

page_text: armed on its inner periphery with blades and of a conical drum rotating
therein at a more rapid speed and similarly covered on its periphery with
blades. In this respect there is no departure from the arrangement claimed
under the above mentioned Patent but on reference to Fig. I Sheet II. it will
be seen that the blades a, a, of the conical case A and the blades b, b, of the
conical drum B are fitted in rebated recesses as described with reference to
Sheet I. The conical case A is made in sections which are connected together
by means of a belt of pierced metal or conical grating which allows of the
discharge of the bran or a large portion of it at about the middle of the length
of the case.
The drum B is also composed of conical sections which are
mounted on a shaft C. Each section carries a set of blades on its periphery
which blades are held securely by flanges or projecting lips at the ends of the
sections taking into notches formed to receive them in the ends of the blades b, b.
The conical case A I mount so that its discharging end may be readily raised or
lowered to regulate the delivery of the grain according to the working efficiency
of the machine. The conical case is closed at its ends by covers A¹ A³ bolted
thereto and through these covers the shaft C on which the drum is mounted
projects leaving the case free to turn independently of the drum. The shaft C
turns in conical bearings c c¹ carried by hollow journals cast with and forming
part of the covers of the conical case and these journals have their bearings in
suspended frames D D' which are braced together at top and bottom by
longitudinal bars D*. The frame D (see Fig. 2) is fitted with trunnions d d
which rest in bearings carried by the main or fixed framing and the frame D¹.
slides in guides formed by the main framing. A screw E jointed to the lower
of the longitudinal bars D* projects up through a block carried by a bracket
on the main framing and above this block it receives a hand wheel F which
is tapped to enter the thread of the screw. The boss of this wheel F bears
upon the block and thus through the screw serves to sustain the frame D' in
position. By turning this wheel it will raise or depress the screw E and thus
raise or lower the frame D' and with it the discharging end of the conical
case which is provided with a series of openings for discharging the hulled
grain into a surrounding fixed case G which terminates in a shute G' by which
the grain is delivered out of the machine. On the shaft C a screw is turned
to enable the conical drum the boss of which is tapped to receive the screw
thread to be readily shifted end wise on its shaft in order to compensate for the
wearing away of the blades and the consequent reduction in diameter of the
conical drum. By shifting the drum nearer to the feed end of the case the
blades of the drum and of the case are brought nearer together and the
efficient action of the machine may consequently be maintained as long as

page_text: there is space in the case to allow of this forward endway adjustment. When
the blades have acted for some time in one direction it will be convenient to
reverse the direction of rotation of the machine. Both the case A. and the drum
B are driven independently. The case is driven slowly by a band passed round
the pulley A³ which surrounds the case and the drum B is driven in the
opposite direction and at a greater speed by a band passed round the pulley C¹
keyed on the end of the screw shaft C. The feed of the grain to be operated
upon in the machine is effected through a stationary ring H fitted in the
casting or cover A' that closes the smaller end or the head of the case A.
This ring is connected by a pipe with a hopper I and the grain descending by
its own weight will pass through an opening in the ring H and enter the case
A through the spaces between the arms which connect the periphery of the
cover A¹ with its boss. The grain then travels along the conical case to the
discharging end and passing between the rotating blades a and b it is hulled;
the bran being effectually separated from the kernel. In order to determine
the amount of action the grain shall receive the regulating screw E is
provided the lowering or raising of which by the hand wheel F working
thereon will expedite or retard the delivery of the grain from the machine as
required. As the blades become blunt it will be necessary slightly to raise
the discharging end of the case and thus retain the grain for a longer time
under their action or until the hulling is completed. It is to attain this end
that the conical case A is mounted in the swing or adjustable frame.
Another improvement which I have effected in the machinery for manu-
facturing semolina is the substitution of rollers of a peculiar construction for
the vertical conical cutting mill described in my above-mentioned Patent as by
their action I am enabled more effectually to separate the remaining semolina
from the hulled and cut and crushed wheat.
In Sheet IV. this part of my Invention is clearly shown Fig. 1 being a plan
view of a pair of the improved rollers with one in longitudinal section to shew
its construction and Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same. A, A', are the rollers
made of cast iron and fitted at their peripheries with blades a a after the
manner already described and they are geared together by change spur
gearing. One roll A' is made adjustable. It is pressed up to its work by springs
B which are regulated by a traversing wedge shaped bar C. The distance
apart of the rolls is determined by adjusting screws D which however do not
prevent the pressing springs from yielding to relieve the rolls from any
undue pressure.
To obtain the desired action of the rollers they are
driven at unequal speeds. In Fig. 1 the blades are shown as held in position
by lips or flanges on the rollers lapping over shoulders cut on the ends of the

page_text: blades, but in Fig. 3 which shews in section a detached roller the blades arc
held in position by clamping rings E. E secured by screw bolts to the ends of
the rollers.
As a further improvement I employ a pair of cutting rolls for operating upon
those particles of the grain which adhere to the bran after the second separation
of the semolina. These rolls are shewn in Sheet V., Fig. 1 being a plan view
partly in section. Fig. 2 a transverse vertical section and Fig. 3 an end
view of the machine illustrating the mode of working the wedge shaped bar
which in this machine as in that last described is used to regulate the pressure
of the springs which keep the adjustable roll up to its work. The rolls are
formed with fine longitudinal grooves as shewn in the full-sized Diagram
Fig. 4 and they are geared and mounted as described with respect to
the blade rolls their different speeds of rotation being as 3 to 1 or thereabouts.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of improvements in
apparatus for hulling grain and for reducing granular substances and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect I wish it to be under-
stood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim
First securing the blades of hulling machines and cutting mills to their
drums rollers, and cases in the manner above described.
Secondly mounting the case of horizontal hulling machines in the manner
and for the purpose above described.
Thirdly, the employment of rollers constructed and operated as above-
described for effecting a second separation of semolina from the hulled and cut
or crushed wheat.
And, fourthly the employment of the cutting rolls above described for
operating upon those particles of grain which adhere to the bran after the
second separation of the semolina.
In witness whereof I the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz have herc-
unto set my hand and seal the Third day of July in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
GUSTAV ADOLPH BUCHHOLZ. (L.S.)