IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR BURNING STONEWARE AND BROWNWARE
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
BOURNE, of Denby Pottery; in the County of Derby, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of August;
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, in the eleventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me; the
said Joseph Bourne, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Bourne, my: exors,
admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Bourne, my exors,
admors, or assigns, should. at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all. times. during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make; use, exercise, and vend;, within England; Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR BURNING STONEWARE AND BROWNWARE;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the. said Josephi
Bourne, should cause a particular description of the nature, of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed; by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately: after
the date of the said in part recited Letters: Patent, as in and by the same;
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Bourne, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention applies to that class of kilns which are called Chesterfield
brownware kilns, which, as is well known, each consists of a single chamber
of considerable length, having four, five, or more chimneys for the passage
away of the vapours and products of combustion after they have heated the
kiln. In addition to the above other kilns have been made by me under a
former Patent, in the construction of which I arranged kilns in three stacks,
two of such stacks consisting each of two compartments or kilns, one over the
other, the third or centre stack consisting of three chambers or kilns, one
above the other, the upper or third kiln of the centre stack not only
receiving heat from the two chambers below it, but also from the other two
stacks of kilns, the heat and products of combustion, in place of passing away
into the atmosphere by chimneys after heating the two outer stacks, passing
through flues into the third or upper kiln of the centre stack, and from that
kiln by five chimneys into the atmosphere. I have also constructed other
kilns, each consisting of. the two compartments similar to the former Patent,
but made into one large chamber, heated at its lower part in the ordinary
way of heating such kilns, and also by additional fires at the sides intermediate
of the height of the kiln, in like manner to when the kiln was divided into
two compartments one above the other, still employing five or more chimneys
to convey off the products from the fires and the kilns. I have materially
improved such above-mentioned arrangement of kilns, and according to my
present improvements, each stack of kilns consists of two compartments or
kilns one above the other, and each stack of kilns is independent of the other
stack of kilns if others be used; and I construct them in the following
manner: Each stack of two kilns one above the other is constructed the
lower one similar to the kilns last above described, that is, the lower compart-
ment is of the height of the two kilns of my former Patent, but there is no
division between them, and such chamber is heated at the lower part, and also
by fires at the sides, at a position where the partition divided the two kilns of
my former Patent, and the improvements consist in constructing a second
chamber above the first, so that in place of the products passing into five
chimneys, they pass into such additional chamber and heat it, and any ware
therein, and thence by a single chimney into the atmosphere. The lower
chamber.I make about twenty feet long, about thirteen feet high, and about
four feet wide, the side fires being somewhat above half way up the kiln.

page_text: The upper or new kiln I make about seven feet six inches long, four feet nine
inches high, and three feet nine inches wide, with one chimney at the middle
of the upper part of the top kiln. The height of the chimney is five feet four
and a half inches, and the opening three feet five by one foot eight. The
lower kiln is partly divided from the upper kiln by arches, which allow of
the products from the lower kiln to pass into the upper kiln. I have been
particular in thus giving dimensions, because they are what are practised by
me; at the same time I do not confine myself thereto, as the same may be
varied. I have not found any further fires necessary for the heating of the
upper chamber or kiln, such kiln depending on the heat passing away from
the two lower kilns into the upper kiln. The upper part of the lower kiln is
formed into arches, having a space between the neighbouring arches, so as to
allow the heat and flame to pass from the lower into the upper kiln, the
wares being placed on the arches which form the floor of the upper kilns. I
would, however, remark that the upper chamber or kiln may be made larger,
in which case I should prefer to have additional fires to aid in heating the
same. By this arrangement kiln space or capacity is obtained and heated at
the smallest expenditure of fuel.
And what I claim is, the mode of constructing stacks of two kilns, one
above the other, the lower one being heated at two levels, as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Bourne, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of February, in the year of our Lord
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Second day of February,
in the year of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid Joseph Bourne came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.