IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTHS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF WOOL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE PREPA- RATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR THESS PURPOSES
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES.
PILLANS WILSON, of Belmont, Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighteenth day of
September, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto.
me, the said James Pillans Wilson, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
James Pillans Wilson, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Pillans Wilson, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter.during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-.
Tweed, the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all
Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTHS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF WOOL
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE PREPA-
RATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR THESS PURPOSES;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said James Pillans Wilson, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my

page_text: hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Pillans Wilson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
It has been heretofore proposed to apply oleic acid in the manufacture of
cloths, and in the preparation of wool for the manufacture of woollen and
other fabrics, in place of the olive and other oils commonly used; but such
application of oleic acid has been retarded by a sickly smell which the oleic
acid has been found to give off. The cause of this smell seems to reside in a
small per-centage of more volatile matter. And the first part of my said
Invention consists in removing such matter by a preparatory process. And in
order that this first part of my Invention may be most fully understood and
readily performed, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me:--
I take six tons, or other suitable quantity, of oleic acid of palm oil, or other
oleic acid, and place it in a closed vessel, in which I keep it for two hours at
a temperature of four hundred degrees Fahrenheit, by the admission into it of
free steam suitably heated after it has left the boiler in which it was generated.
After the steam has passed through the oleic acid, I receive it and the volatile
matter which comes over with it into a condenser, in which these are con-
densed. by a jet of water or other suitable means. After the above process, I
admit cold water slowly and carefully into the matter under process till it has
been cooled down to one hundred and fifty degrees of Fahrenheit; I allow
time to settle, and then draw off the oleic acid, which is allowed to cool, and
is filtered for the removal of any solid matter contained in it, after which it is
fit for use.
The second part of my Invention consists in the application with alkali of
distilled oleic acid of palm oil, or other distilled oleic acid, in the place of soap
in the manufacture of cloths, and in the preparation of wool for the manufac-
ture of woollen and other fabrics, particularly in the process of fulling
or milling woollen cloth, and in washing and scouring wool and woollen
cloth. I am aware that it has been proposed to apply undistilled oleic acid
for such purposes, but I find that undistilled oleic acid, which commonly
contains neutral oleine and some mineral acid, is not so suitable for such
purposes as distilled oleic acid. The best way with which I am acquainted of
carrying out this second part of my Invention is as follows:-Distilled

page_text: oleic acid is an article produced to a considerable extent by pressure of
distilled fatty matters, and I prefer, in the first place, to subject it to the
process herein-before described for removing its smell; I then procced as
follows: In a large tub I mix soda ash, first made caustic by quick lime, with
warm water, in the proportions of half a pound of soda ash to four gallons of
water, and when well stirred together I pour in the oleic acid at the rate of one
pint to the above proportions, gradually and slowly stirring up the contents of the
tub. I prefer to let the mixture stand two or three days before using it. I
find the above proportions will take the place of about three pounds of soap,
as now ordinarily employed.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the details given so long as the peculiar character of either part of my
Invention is retained; but what I claim is,-
First, the application in the manufacture of cloths, and in the preparation
of wool for the manufacture of woollen and other fabrics, of oleic acid, sub-
jected to a preparatory process for preventing smell. And I also claim the
subjecting of oleic acid to such preparatory process for the purpose of such
application.
Secondly, I claim the application, in place of soap, of distilled oleic acid,
combined with alkali, in the manufacture of cloths and in the preparation of
wool for the manufacture of woollen and other fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Pillans Wilson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Eighteenth day of March One thousand sight