Improvements in Roofing and Wall Covering Tiles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 3rd Feb., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Roofing and Wall Covering Tiles.
I, ROBERT BOLTON RANSFORD, of 41, Waldegrave Road, Upper Norwood, in
the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(which has been communicated to me from abroad by The Basel Mission Tile
Works, of Mangalore, India,) and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:--
The object of this invention is to provide roofing and wall covering tiles of
burnt clay having special powers of resistance against the passage of heat and
driving rain.
The roofing tile of this invention is double with an air space enclosed between
the upper and lower tile wall, this air space or passage being continuous from
one tile to another, so that in roofs covered with such tiles continuous air passages
will extend from the eaves to the ridge, whereby the passage of heat from within
or without a building is retarded. In order to obtain an entirely weathertight
joint, these tiles are overlapped on their ends as well as on their sides.
The wall covering tile of this invention is provided with ribs on the inner side
by means of which an air space may be preserved between these tiles and the
wall to retard the passage of heat.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a fragmentary
side view of a roof covered with the improved roofing tiles and with hollow
ridge tiles. Figure 2 is a transverse section of Figure 1 with some parts in
front view. Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 show in different views one of the improved
tiles, while Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11 represent one of the ridge tiles.
Figures 12 and 13 are respectively a front elevation and a vertical section of
the improved wall covering tiles applied to a wall, and Figures 14, 15, 16 and 17
are respectively a front view, a longitudinal section, a back view, and a transversal
section of one of these wall covering tiles, while Figure 18 relates to a modification
of such a tile.
The improved roofing tile of burnt clay A (Figures 1-7) is double with an air
space a between its upper wall b and its lower wall 6. The walls of each tile
held together by longitudinal ribs a respectively enclosing on the sides and
dividing the air space a, are displaced with respect one to another so as to form
overlapping strips on the ends and the sides: the side overlapping is ensured
by projected edges or ribs c provided alternately on the upper and the lower tile
walls and forming an overtaking joint, as clearly shown in Figure 1. On the
lower wall of each tile are provided near its upper end, two noses d by means
of which the tiles hang on the transverse battens e of the roof rafters B.
For covering a roof with such tiles, they are brought together as shown in
Figures 1 and 2: thus will be formed continuous air passages running from
the eaves to the ridge; at the joints of the air spaces a of the tiles, the inner
edges of the tile walls are splayed or wedge shaped, so that the joining of these air
spaces to continuous air passages is effected without contracting the latter.
At the ridge of the roof the air passages of both the sides of the roof are
closed by ridge tiles C, each having on the one hand a semi-circular upper wall Co
'

page_text: resting with its ends on the upper-wall end of the highest tiles A and on the
other hand an inner channel forming wall c', resting through side projections c³
on the lower-wall end of the highest tiles A. These ridge tiles C are also over-
lapped at their ends by means of overlapping lips d', as seen in Figures 8 to 11,
and may be provided with openings for the outlet of the air circulating in the
continuous passages from the eaves of the roof to its ridge.
In Figures 12 and 13 the wall covering tiles A are shown as fixed by means
of nails, on wooden battens d fixed to the wall B. Two holes a are made
through each tile near its upper end to receive the nails for fixing it to the
corresponding batten d. At the inner side each tile has three ribs bb b which
extend from the top of the tile to a short distance from the foot of the tile, thus
leaving a small overlapping strip c at the foot of the tile. In Figure 13 the
tiles are shown as hanging at a slight incline due to the overlap of the feet of
the tiles of each horizontal row over the top of the tiles of the next inferior
row.
Thus an air-space is left between the tiles and the wall to retard the passage of
heat.
In order to ensure a watertight joint between these wall covering tiles, they
may be executed as shown in Figure 18, that is to say, they may be made with
lateral grooves forming an overtaking joint, when the tiles are placed side by
side.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is: -
1. A roofing tile of burnt clay consisting of two superposed walls with an air
space between them, the air spaces of these tiles being designed to constitute
continuous air passages from the eaves to the ridge of the roof, so that the
passage of heat from within or without a building is retarded.
2. A roofing tile of burnt clay with two superposed walls and an air space
between them, said tile forming weather tight joints with its adjacent tiles by
overlapping at the sides as well as the ends without, however, contracting the
air passages at the joints, substantially as described.
3. In roofs covered with tiles of burnt clay, with two superposed walls and an
air passage between them, the application of hollow overlapped ridge tiles con-
structed substantially as described and shown in the annexed drawings.
4. A wall covering tile, designed to be attached to the walls by means of nails
and having on its inner side longitudinal ribs which extend from its top to a
short distance from its foot, thus leaving an overlapping strip at the foot of the
tile, in order to preserve an air space between the tiles and the wall for retarding
the passage of heat, substantially as described with reference to Figures 12 to 17
of the accompanying drawings.
5. A wall covering tile with longitudinal ribs on its inner side extending from
its top to a short distance from its foot, said tile having lateral grooves for
ensuring a watertight joint, substantially as shown in Figure 18 of the annexed
drawings.
Dated this 15th day of December 1899