Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1886.
Complete Left, 23rd May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 23rd Aug., 1887.
حادة
I, JAMES MAC NAUGHTON, of 26 Hanover Street, Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in magazine fire arms and it relates
both to pistols and to rifles and shot guns. Under the invention and in the case of a
pistol, the cartridge magazine is so arranged as to constitute a shield or guard for the
hand much like the basket shield of a sword the rear part of the magazine being con-
nected to the butt and its forward part to the lamp or front of the breech cavity into
which the barrel is screwed. The magazine contains a helical or other spring for
feeding the cartridges to the fire arm and it is filled through a channel extending
horizontally along the right side of the lock casing the said channel having at its
rearward end a gate opening outwards on a vertical axis and so formed that when
closed the channel is dust and water tight. The gate is acted upon by a plate or
other spring which closes it after each cartridge is inserted. From the magazine
the cartridge is fed into the breech cavity as required by the operation of a
main trigger hereinafter described which trigger acts. upon the heel or end of
a lever centred on a pin or stud carried in bearings on the front end of the
trigger plate or lower part of the lump. On the opposite end of the said pin
another and vertical lever is centred the said lever at its upper end being engaged
with a spiral groove made in a horizontal bar carried in bearings on the side
of the breech cavity. To the horizontal bar a cradle, curved to receive the cartridge,
is connected and by the action of the main trigger on the lever and horizontal bar an
upward curvilinear movement is communicated to the cradle which, during the said
movement raises the cartridge into the breech cavity, the cartridge being thereafter
sent home by the forward motion of the breech bolt effected as herein-after explained.
The breech bolt of the improved arm is cylindrical the firing pin or striker passing
through it centrally and at or near its rearward end it is slotted to receive the upper
extremity of a tumbler centred near its lower end in hearings on the under part of
the lock casing. The slotted part of the breech bolt is made separately and so con-
nected at its forward part to the main body that when the breech bolt is in position

page_text: for firing, the rear part of the said jointed slotted piece drops and engages with
shoulders made on the breech casing thereby constituting a resistance to the back-
ward movement of the breech holt during firing. In each side of the breech bolt a
spring jaw is secured, these jaws at their forward ends projecting beyond the bolt and
gripping on the flange of the cartridge which is by them drawn out when the bolt is
moved rearwards. Besides these extracting jaws there is provided a tumbler moving
in a slot made in the upper side of the breech cavity and so arranged that when the
breech bolt reaches the limit of its backward movement it acts on the tumbler and
causes it at one and the same time to throw the cartridge out of the extracting jaws
and to push the point of the striker into the breech bolt so as, when the bolt is
returned to firing position, to obviate any possibility of the striker exploding the
cartridge before it is acted upon or struck by the hammer. The hammer is centred
on the axis of the breech bolt actuating tumbler and it is moved towards its cocked
position by the rear end of the bolt the completion of the motion being effected by a
shoulder on the tumbler itself. Besides the said shoulder the tumbler has two cam
surfaces upon it in conjunction with which two levers centred on the main trigger
are provided. When the said main trigger is drawn rearwards one of these levers
first so acis on the tumblor as to draw the breech bolt back and remove the empty
cartridge case from the barrel the auxiliary tumbler, as the extremity of the backward
movement is reached, throwing the cartridge out of the extractor jaws the empty
case falling out through an opening in the under side of the lock casing. By the
continued rearward movement of the main trigger the second lever comes into opera-
tion on the tumbler and again throws the breech bolt forward into firing position but
between the periods of action of these levers the main trigger acts on the levers
operating the cartridge raising cradle so that on its return the breech bolt pushes the
fresh cartridge into the barrel. One end of the scar for the hammer works through
a slot in the main trigger and the firing triggor which acts on the said end of the sear
is also so centred on the main trigger that after each firing operation it is forced by the
spring of the main trigger flat against the under side of the lock casing and is not in
position to be again used until the operations hereinbefore described have been
re-performed.
The slot in the underside of the lock casing through which the empty cartridge
cases are delivered from the fire arm is also closed by a door or gate operated by the
main trigger and which when closed renders the said opening dust and water tight.
In conjunction with the triggers a safety apparatus is provided which in the event of
a cartridge being placed in the barrel and left there undischarged prevents the main
trigger from effecting the hereinbefore mentioned operations until the said cartridge
has been exploded. In conjunction with the slotted part of the breech bolt there may
also be provided a tongue piece which when the rear part of the bolt is not lowered
and constituting a resistance, enters a slot or opening in the piston or striker and
prevents its movement to discharge the cartridge.
Dated this Twont first day of Act 1986

page_text: I, JAMES MAC NAUGHTON, of 26 Hanover Street, Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in magazine small arms and it
relates both to pistols and to rifle and shot guns.
The several figures on sheets 1, 2 and 3 illustrate the Invention in its relation to
magazine pistols whilst the several figures on sheets 4 and 5 illustrate the adaptation
to magazine rifle or shot guns, in so far as the details are modified from the
working parts of the pistol. In all the figures corresponding parts are indicated
by the same letters and numerals.
Referring to the pistol, as seen by the two elevations figures 1 and 2 sheet 1, the
cartridge magazine A, may be so formed and arranged as to constitute a shield or
guard for the band the rear part of the magazine which is closed being connected to
a plate B, constituting a forward extension from the butt of the trigger plate whilst
the forward part of the magazine is connected to the lump C, in front of the breech
cavity into which the barrel D, is also screwed or as seen by figures 7 and 8, sheet 2
which are elevations of the action with the two outer or covering side plates of the
lock casing removed the rearward end of the cartridge magazine A, may be connected
to the lump C, the magazine being laid parallel with the barrel and in that case its
forward end is closed. Figures 12 and 13 shoot 3 are elevations looking respectively
from the left and right sides of the lump C and the trigger plate, and figures 14 and 15
are elevations respectively of the front and rear of the said parts the lump C, being as
more particularly seen by the latter figures, recessed at a to receive the magazine
which is secured in position by a screw passed through a tang or lug formed on it as
at & figure 8.
The magazine A, with either arrangement contains a helical or other spring for
feeding the cartridges to the fire arm and it is filled through a channel 9 extending
horizontally along the right covering plate c figure 2 of the lock casing the said
channel having a gate d, which is centred on a vertical axis and arranged to open
outwards against the action of the plate or bar e and spring f, the gate being so
constructed that after each cartridge is inserted it closes against the channel g, dust
and water tight. Figures 3, 4 5 and 6 are details of the arrangement.
Besides the spring there is also provided a spring lever E, connected at its
rearward end to the inside of the covering plate c, whilst its forward end as seen at
figure, projects through an opening into the channel g. In pushing a cartridge
into the magazine the said forward end of the spring lever E, moves inwards from
the channel . returning immediately to its place after the cartridge has passed it

page_text: whereby even in the event of the gate d being left open the cartridges are prevented
from being thrown, by the action of the magazine spring, out of the weapon. When
however it is desired to clear or empty the magazine of the cartridges it contains
without these being shot or fired off, a knob or stud E¹ formed on or fixed in the
levor E, and projected through a hole in the cover plate c is pressed with the thumb
so as to force the forward end of the lover inwards which being done and the gate d
being opened, the spring of the magazine discharges the cartridges back through the
channel g. The cartridges are fed from the magazine into the breech cavity as required
by the operation of the main trigger F, (hereinafter more particularly described) which
acts upon the heel or end of a lever h contred on one end of a pin or stud which is
carried in bearings on the trigger plate. On the opposite end of the pin i there is
centred as seen at figures 8 and 11, another lever G, whose upper extremity engages
with a spiral groovej made in a horizontal bar carried in bearings, one of which
is formed on the lump C, and the other on the side of the breech cavity. The formation
of the breech casing is illustrated in horizontal section at figure 9, in cross section at
figure 10, and in detail by the two elevations and the plan looking from the under side
at figures 16, 17 and 18, sheet 3. Formed on or connected to the horizontal bar 7,
is a hopper k, curved to receive the cartridges from the magazine. By the action of
the main trigger F, on the lever h, the horizontal bar, is turned so as to give an
upward curvilinear movement to the hopper and raise the cartridge into the breech
cavity and into line with the barrel D, the cartridge being thereafter sent home by
the forward motion of the breech bolt m, which having been effected as hereinafter
explained the hopper is returned to its normal position by the spring figure 8, which
acting on a heel on the lever G, throws the upper part of the lever forward and turns
the horizontal bar in the reverse direction to that in which it is turned by pulling
the trigger F. To obviate any possibility of the cartridge in entering the hopper k,
swinging the hopper outwards and so fulling out of the weapon there is provided in
conjunction with the hopper a slipper or cradle 34 figures 8 and 11 which is centred
on the trigger plate and partially embraces the hopper.
The breech bolt m which is illustrated in position in the weapon by the plan figure 9,
and in detailed side elevation and elevation and plan respectively by figures 19, 20
and 21, is cylindrical in form the firing pin or striker n passing through it centrally.
The bolt m has a section of it m³ made separately and so connected by a pin or other
joint at m to the main body that when the bolt is in position for firing the arm, the
rearward end of the said part m' drops down as indicated in dotted lines at figures 19
and 20, and engages with shoulders H, made on the breech casing thereby constituting
a resistance or abutment to the backward movement of the breech bolt during firing.
Above the said novable part m², and on each side of the breech bolt a spring jaw o
is secured these jaws at their forward ends projecting beyond the bolt and gripping on
the flange of the cartridge case which is by them drawn out of the barrel D, when the
bolt is moved rearwards. The bolt has on its upper side a race or depressed part
receive a tumbler or ejector y illustrated in detailed side elevation at figure 22, and in
plan of the under side at figure 23, which ejector is centred on a pin or stud q' fixed
in the upper part of the breech casing. In conjunction with the said ejector there is
provided a small lever or piece, which is situated in a vertical slot made at the front
end of the breech bolt m, the said piece being centred on a pin and having itself a
slot in it through which the firing pin or striker », passes.
to
When the breech bolt is moved rearwards the point of the piece r coming in contact
with the part g of the ejector causes the forward end of the ejector to be depressed
between the jaws o, whereby the spent cartridge case is thrown downwards out of the
jaws. During the rearward motion the inclined tongue n¹ formed on the rear end
of the movable part m¹ acts on the inclined slot made in the striker n, and pushes
the striker rearwards until the point of it is within the forward end of the breech bolt
thereby when the bolt is returned to firing position obviating any possibility of the
striker exploding the fresh cartridge before it is acted upon or struck by the hammer
for that purpose. The inclines n' and n² also act as a safety against premature explosion
of the cartridge as until the rearward end of the, part m³ drops down and abuts against

page_text: the shoulders H, which it only does after the bolt has been returned to its forward
position, the piston n cannot because of its engagement with the tongue n², be pushed
forward to explode the cartridge.
In moving the bolt m, to its forward position to close the breech, the part 7³ of the
ejector acts against the upper end of the piece r, and throws the piece rearwards
against the inclined end of the slot in the bolt to enable it to pass under the ejector
from which position it is again raised to that shewn at figures 7 and 19, by its tail r³
coming in contact with the face of the lump C.
The breech bolt is actuated in performing these operations by a tumbler I, seen in
detail at figures 24 and 25, and which has at its upper end a fork passing through
slots made in the dropping part m² of the bolt m and striker na pins figures 7 and 19
extending across the slot in the part m', between the jaws of the fork. The hammer J,
seen in detail at figures 26 and 27, is centred on the same axis as the tumbler I, and
it is moved part of the distance towards its cocked position by the rear end of the
bolt m the completion of the movement being effected by the tumbler 1, a shoulder or
projection on which, acts on the projection of the hammer. Besides the said
shoulder the tumbler has two cam surfaces 2, 3, in conjunction with which two
lovers u, detailed at figures 34 and 35 are provided these being centred on the
main trigger at u² and figures 28 to 31 which are details of the trigger and
mechanism in conjunction with it. As seen more particularly by figures 28 and 29,
the trigger F, is composed of two plates between which in a recess u made partly in
the inner face of each plate a part of the lever u is situated. The part of the lever
which passes out of the recess has a side shoulder u, which acts against the cam
surface t, and it has also a tail piece u, which rests upon the axis of the tumbler I,
when the shoulder is so acting. The lever u is centred on the outer side of the
right hand plate of the trigger F, and it also has a shoulder ue which works against
the cam surface of the tumbler.
The action of these parts is as follows :-
In pulling the main trigger F, backwards the lever u, first so acts on the
tumbler I, as to raise the movable part m¹ of the breech bolt and draw the bolt rear-
wards, the bolt in its backward motion also moving back the hammer J, a distance
towards its cocked position, the cocking being completed by the tumbler as before
set forth. The bolt at the same time withdraws by its spring extracting jaws o, the
empty cartridge case from the barrel D, the case being held by the said jaws until
the extremity of the backward movement of the bolt is reached when the ejector g
comes into action as horein before described and throws the empty case downwards
out of the said extractor jaws o. The case falls out through a channel z, figures 12,
13 and 36, in the trigger plate which channel is provided with a sliding door or
shutter w connected as illustrated at figure 37 by links w¹ to a pin or stud 40 carried
in the lump C, and which has also secured upon it a lever w², on the longer arm of
which a projection or arm w³ on the front of the main trigger acts (when the trigger
is pulled) so as to draw the shutter or door wo forwards in the slot we figure 14 and
thereby clear the opening for the discharge of the empty cartridge case.
When these operations have been effected the main trigger is still continued to be
pressed rearwards and the shoulder u, of the lever is lifted away from the cam
surface by the edge of the slot v figures 28 and 29, coming in contact with the
under side of the lever u. This permits the shoulder u, of the lever u' to come into
action against the surface t of the tumbler which is thereby together with the breech
bolt thrown again forward to close the breech the hammer being meantime held at
cock by its sear y, figures 38 and 39, which is centred on the trigger plate immediately
in front of the hammer as indicated at figure 8. Between the periods of action of
the lovers u, u', the main trigger F, has acted on the lever h, operating the hopper k
to raise a cartridge from the magazine, as hereinbefore described, so that immediately
the breech bolt m begins to move forward it pushes a fresh cartridge in front of it
into the barrel.
The trigger to enable it to perform this function has a piece =, figures 7, 28, 30 and 40,
pinned to it, which as the trigger is drawn rearwards acts on the toe, of the lever /

page_text: and depresses it. To hold it rigidly in position whilst it is so acting the piece has a
heel which enters the slot 23, made in the main trigger F. The trigger swings on
the pin 41 which is screwed to the breech casing at 42.
The sear y has a tail y' which also passes through the slot in the trigger, and is
acted upon by the part 1 of the firing trigger 2, the latter being centred between the
plates of the main trigger, and so arranged relatively with it as only to come into
firing position after the series of operations hereinbefore described have been per-
formed, the said trigger 2 after firing and after the main trigger is let go being forced
by the spring 3, figure 7, of the main trigger up flat against the under side of the
trigger plate or lock casing where it is not in position to be again used until the said
operations have been repeated.
Figures 32 and 33 are details of the firing trigger.
When the weapon has been fired and the triggers are released the main trigger in
return to its normal position closes the gate w, of the discharge orifice a water and
dust tight by acting on the shorter arm w of the lever 3 and the spring 4, figure 28
forces the lever u downwards until its end or tail is in contact with the axis of the
hammer J and tumbler I.
and
The said axis is at one end supported in an eye or bracket 5, figures 8, 12, 13 and 1.5
formed on the trigger plate or casing and at its other end in a bridge or strap 6,
seen in dotted lines at figure 1, which bridge is screwed to the trigger plate at 7,
to the back of the breech casing at 8, or instead of the said arrangement two eyes or
brackets may be formed on the trigger plate or casing, under which arrangement as
the axis is in any case integral with the tumbler a sleeve or sleeves is or are scrowed
in from both sides through the eyes or brackets so as to catch and support the ends of
the axis. To lock the hammer in its cocked position a spring 43 connected at one end
to the tang of the trigger plate is or may be employed the said spring having a heel 44
which catches upon the upper surface of a projection 45 made on the side of the
hammer and holds the hammer cocked until the spring is pushed free from it side
wards by pressing on a knob or stud projecting through the left side cover plate of
the breech casing or other equivalent means of locking the hammer may be adopted.
In adapting the Invention to magazine rifles and shot guns certain of the parts
herein before described are modified as illustrated by the several figures on sheets 4
and 5 of the appended drawings. Figure 41 is a left side elevation of the breech
action of a rifle with the covering plate removed. Figure 42 is a transverse section
looking towards the the barrel on the line 9-10, figure 41, figure 43 is an elevation of the
right side of the action with the cover plate and gate d removed and figures 44 and 45
are transverse sections respectively on the lines 11-12, and 13-14 figure 43, whilst
figures 46 to 55 are details.
In the rifle or shot gun the movement of the breech bolt m, and the cocking of the
hammer J, on account of the length of travel is effected by the ordinary hand lever 15,
and the two levers u, u figures 34 and 35 herein before referred to with reference to
the pistol are dispensed with and the tumbler I, instead of having the cam
surfaces 2, t figure 24, is formed with a slot 16, more particularly seen at figure 46
into which a roller 17, carried in bearings, in the forked upper end of the lever 15 is
introduced. The said roller in the act of depressing the lever moves the breech bolt
rearwards which has the effect of withdrawing the spent cartridge case from the
barrel and by the action of the ejector q, described with reference to the pistol of
throwing it out of the weapon the breech bolt and its accessories for the rifle being
constructed in the same way as for the pistol excepting that the lever in the
forward end of the breech bolt of the pistol is dispensed with and the slot p along the
top of the bolt has its forward end terininated short of the point of the bolt the raised
part so formed acting on the part of of the ejector to throw the spent cartridge case
out of the extractor jaws o. The fever 15 has as seen at figures 46 and 47, a pro-
jection 18 on the side of it which whilst the breech bolt is being moved rearwards
acts on the part 19, figures 48 and 49, of the hammer J, and throws the hammer
against the action of the mainspring 20, to full cock where when the lever is again
moved upwards to close the breech it is retained by the sear 21, which is kept in

page_text: position by the spring 22, figures 48, 50 and 51, until released by drawing the
trigger 2.
One of the jaws of the lever 15 has a bulbed part 23 on it which enters a recess
formed at the tail end of a bar or lever 24, as seen at 25 figure 52, and at the said
parts the lever 15 and bar 24 are connected together by a pin or stud 26. The
forward end of the bar 24 passes through a slot 27, figure 45, in the lump C, und at
or near its forward end it has a jaw or recess 28, which in depressing the lever 15,
acts on the heel 29, at the upper end of the lever h, which through the pin i, and
lever G, actuates the hopper & to raise a cartridge from the magazine A, into the
breech cavity as hereinbefore described. In raising the lever 15, again to close the
breech, the bar 24 first moves the lever G, in the reverse direction to lower the hopper
which being effected the part 29 of the lever leaves the notch 28 in the top of the
bar 24, as seen at figure 52, whilst the bar continues to move forward in order to close
the opening in the bottom of the lock casing through which the spent cartridge case
is thrown out.
As owing to the length of a rifle or shot gun cartridge the said opening requires to
be much longer than could conveniently be closed by a gate sliding as herein before
described with reference to the pistol the gate e for the opening instead of sliding is
hinged at one side as indicated at 30, figures 44 and 53, and in opening and closing
it is moved through a vertical arc by the heel 31, of the bar 24, acting on one or other
of the arms or projections 32, 33, secured to the door that is to say when the bar is
drawn rearwards the back inclined side and lower edge of the heel 31, acts on the
prejection 33, so as to swing the gate w, upwards and open the vent for the discharge
of the spent cartridge case. Similarly in moving the bar forward the front inclined
side of the heel 31, acting on the projection 32, which is set at a different angle to
the projection 33 moves the gate w downwards through an arc and closes the vent
dust and water tight.
In the rifle there is preferably provided in conjunction with the cradle or slipper 34
of the hopper k, a catch 35, seen in detail at figures 54 and 55, the said catch being
centred on a pin 36, and having a slot 37, in the side of it into which a stud 38 fixed
in the lever G, enters as indicated at figure 43 and as the lever G moves forward the
pin 38, working in the slot depresses the point 39 of the catch 35 over the inner edge
of the stopper 34, thereby preventing the stopper from being canted outwards and so
preventing the hopper from returning to its normal position. A similar catch may
if
desired be provided in the pistol.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a magazine pistol the general arrangement and combination of parts of the
lock and of the cartridge raising and discharging mechanism, substantially as
herein before described with reference to sheets 1, 2 and 3 of the appended drawings.
2. In a magazine fire arm a breech bolt having a section of its length hinged or
jointed in such manner that the rear end of the said part is capable of being raised
and lowered to constitute in conjunction with a rest made on the breech casing an
abutment to the bolt in the act of firing the weapon, substantially as set forth with
reference to the drawings annexed.
3. In a magazine fire arm the combination of a breech bolt furnished with extractor
jaws o, with a lever or piece r, centred in a slot in the forward end of the bolt and
with an ejector q centred in the upper part of the breech casing, substantially as and
for the purpose described.
4. In a magazine fire arm the combination of a breech bolt having extractor jaws
and a terminated slot in its upper part with an ejector contred in the upper part of
the breech casing and by the action of the forward end of the slot on which the spent
cartridge case is thrown out of the weapon, substantially as described.
5. In a magazine fire arm the combination of the breech bolt m, tumbler I,
hammer J, levers u, u', and trigger F, constructed and operating substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference to sheets 1, 2 and 3, of the appended drawings.

page_text: 6. In a. magazine fire arm the combination of the tumbler I, levers ", u¹ and
trigger F, constructed and operating, substantially as described with reference to
sheets 1, 2 and 3 of the annexed drawings.
7. In a magazine fire arm the combination of the tumbler I, and levers u, u' each
constructed substantially as set forth and whereby with one pull of the main trigger
the breech bolt is moved both to open and close the breech the hammer is cocked and
the spent cartridge case extracted as described with reference to sheets 1, 2 and 3 of
the drawings.
8. In a magazino fire arm the combination of the trigger F, part Z, levers h, G,
spindles, and hopper k, whereby the cartridge is raised from the magazine into
the breech cavity substantially as described with reference to sheets 1, 2 and 3 of the
appended drawings.
9. In a magazine fire arin the combination of the levers h, G, spindles i, j, and
hopper constructed and arranged to raise a cartridge from the magazine to the
breech, in the act of drawing back the breech bolt, substantially as described.
10. In a magazino fire arm the combination of the trigger F, lover w², links w and
gate, whereby in the act of pulling the triggor the vent is opened to discharge
the spent cartridge case from the weapon and on releasing the trigger is again
closed, substantially as described with reference to sheets 1, 2 and 3 of the annexed
drawings.
11. In a magazine fire arm the combination of the loading gate d, spring e, f, and
spring lever E, acting substantially as described with reference to the drawings
annexed.
12. The general arrangemont and combination of parts constituting the lock and
mechanism for raising the cartridge from the magazine to and discharging it from
the breech cavity of a military or sporting small arm, substantially as described with
reference to the drawings annexed.