IMPROVE- MENTS IN GRATES AND STOVES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, AMBROSE MYALL, of 21 Cockspur Street, S.W. in the county of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GRATES AND STOVES "which invention has been communicated to me
from abroad by Willian Griffith of Covington in the county of Kenton, in the
state of Kentucky, United States of America, Geologist and Engineer, to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of open grates and
fire-places, for the more effectual and economical consumption of the products of
incomplete combustion and the consequent prevention of smoke.
The above objects are obtained by consuming the raw coal in a detached or
hinged cap or hood below the red hot coals of the fire chamber.
My improved apparatus is constructed substantially in the following manner-
The receptacle to contain the coal to be consumed, consists substantially of a
vertical revolving basket of a hemispherical or segmental shape-The flat portion
of such basket is an iron plate and forms the back of the grate and the curved
portion forms the front and consists of bars-The said basket is provided with
trunnions or pivots supported in a suitable back plate and bridle in front, and
is capable of rotation on the said pivots or trunnions-Two hinged or detachable
hoods or caps opposite to each other on the said receptacle permit of the intro-
duction or removal of the fuel-The back plate or frame aforesaid is brought
forward at the sides to serve as a reflector and the front bridle is attached to the
said reflector so that it forms a hob on each side of the grate-The said reflector
may if desired be lined with tiles.
I may, if preferred, dispense with the front bridle altogether and pivot the grate
to the back frame plate only, and in this case I provide antifriction rollers between
the grate back and the said frame plate.
The opperation of the apparatus is as follows:
The grate is filled about one third full of raw coal, on this, wood, paper or other
suitable "kindling" is placed, and on the "kindling" coke or cinder left from the

page_text: last fire-The “kindling" is ignited and a blower provided in the upper part of
the frame, brought down to the top of the grate-The top cinders will soon become
red hot, the raw coal beneath will be slowly decomposed or coked, feeding the fire
on top with its volatile products or smoke.
When the raw coal below is coked, the grate is revolved to clear it of its ashes,
the hod or cap which is then uppermost is opened, fresh coal put in, the hood
closed, and the grate revolved till it is in the original position, when the process of
combustion will go on as before, bright and perfectly smokeless flames coming up
to the top of the fire-Buttons or other suitable devices are provided to hold the
hoods or caps in position on the grate-and projections may be formed on the
grate bars to prevent the red hot coke from packing too closely and impending
the passage of the smoke up through the body of the basket.
A dust shield is provided which may be placed in front of the grate when it is
rotated to prevent light ashes flying about the room and the projecting end of the
front pivot or trunnion may be square or be provided with a square hole, so that
the grate can be rotated by a square ended poker or other device when the dust
shield and blower are attached.
This grate has no dead side surface, every part except the back is formed of open
brass, so that the amount of radiating surface is proportionally large.
No bricklaying is needed with this grate.
It can be fixed in a wall jamb, or be used as a heating stove in the middle of
a room.

page_text: DREUITICATION
Improvements in Grates and Stoves.
I, AMBROSE MYALL of 21 Cockspur Street, Charing Cross in the county of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention which
said invention has been communicated to me from abroad by William Griffith of
Covington, in the county of Kenton, in the state of Kentucky, United States of
America, Geologist and Engineer, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of open grates and
fire places, for the more effectual and economical consumption of the products of
incomplete combustion and the consequent prevention of smoke.
The above objects are attained by consuming the raw coal in a detachable or
hinged cap or hood below the red hot coals of the fire chamber.
My improved apparatus is constructed substantially in the following manner.
The receptacle to contain the coal to be consumed, consists substantially of a
vertically revolving basket of a hemispherical or segmental shape. The flat portion
of such basket is an iron plate and forms the back of the grate and the curved
portion forms the front and consists of bars. The said basket is provided with
trunnions or pivots supported in a suitable back plate and bridle in front, and is
capable of rotation on the said pivots or trunnions. Two hinged or detachable
hoods or caps opposite to each other on the said receptacle permit of the introduc-
tion or removal of the fuel. The back plate or frame aforesaid is brought forward
at the sides to serve as a reflector and the front bridle is attached to the said
reflector so that it forms a hob on each side of the grate. The said reflector may
if desired be lined with tiles. I may, if desired, dispense with the front bridle
altogether, and pivot the grate to the back frame plate only, and in this case
I provide antifriction rollers between the grate back and the said frame plate.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-the grate is filled about one third
full of raw coal, on this, wood paper or other suitable "kindling" is placed, and on
the "kindling" coke, or cinder left from the last fire.
The "kindling" is ignited and a blower, provided in the upper part of the
frame, brought down to the top of the grate. The top cinders will soon become
red hot, the raw coal beneath will be slowly decomposed, or coked, feeding the fire
on top with its volatile products or smoke. When the raw coal below is coked,
the grate is revolved to clear it of its ashes, the hood or cap which is then upper-
most is opened, fresh coal put in, the hood closed, and the grate revolved till it is
in the original position, when the process of combustion will go on as before,
bright and perfectly smokeless flames coming up to the top of the fire. Button-,
or other suitable devices, are provided to hold the hoods or caps in position on the
grate, and projections may be formed on the grate bars to prevent the red hot coke
from packing too closely and impeding the passage of the smoke up through the
body of the basket.

page_text: A dust shield is provided which may be placed in front of the grate when it is
rotated, to prevent light ashes flying about the room, and the projecting end of the
front pivot or trunnion may be square or be provided with a square hole, and
project through an aperture in the dust shield, so that the grate can be rotated by
a square ended poker or other device when the dust shield and blower are in
operation.
This grate has no dead side surface, every part, except the back, is formed of
open bars, so that the amount of radiating surface is proportionally large.
No bricklaying is needed with this grate, it can be fixed in a wall jamb, or be
used as a heating stove in the middle of a room.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood, I will now proceed to
further and more particularly describe the same by reference to the accompanying
Sheet of drawings in which Fig. 1, is an elevation, Fig. 2 a sectional plan through
the line X, X, in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 a vertical section through the line Y, Y, in
Fig. 1 of an open fire-place or grate constructed according to my invention and
adapted for warming a room or other like apartment. The same letters refer to
the same parts in each figure.
The receptacle or basket in which the fuel is consumed in circular in elevation
and has a flat back a. The curved bars b form the front and sides, and the top
and bottom are closed by the hinged caps or hoods c and d secured in position by
buttons e. The said hoods are also formed of bars so that there is no dead side
surface to the fire basket.
A pivot or trunnion g is provided on the centre of the back a, working in a
bearing provided in the back h of the stove. A similar pivot or trunnion i, is
provided on the centre of the bars, working in a bearing in the bracket or hanger j,
which is fixed to the underside of the bridle k. The back A is inclined forwards on
each side as shewn in Fig. 2 to serve as a reflector, and the bridle k is attached
thereto by any suitable means. The said bridle forms hobs on each side of the
fire receptacle and is open at the top to admit the upper part of the said receptacle
as shewn.
The said hobs are convenient for the reception of tea or coffee pots or other
utensils, which may require heating or keeping hot.
A blower is provided to slide up behind the cowl or hood ¹, which said
blower can be drawn down to the bridle or hob-plate k when desired and thus
close all the upper part of the fire, and a dust shield, indicated by the dotted line m
in Fig. 3 can be applied as before described, the square end of the pivot i projecting
through such dust shield:
To prevent the fuel caking together and obstructing the draught through
the fire, I provide pointed projections n on the interior surface or edge of
the bars b.
o, o, are dust flues formed in the frame plate h which come into play when the
dust shield m is in use.
The plate a may be faced with firebrick or fireclay if desired.
The bridle k, could be fixed at the centre of the grate or below it, in both cases
however the heat radiation would be impeded thereby, and for that reason I' have
found it better placed on a level with the top cap and above the heat radiating
grate bar surface.
2 shews the recessed form of the back to receive the hoods or caps when they
are tuined back as shewn clearly in Fig. 3.
The passage q leads to the flue or chimney.
The blower is very useful in the case of a smoky or otherwise defective flue or
chimney..
Among other advantages which my improved grate possesses, are; that for an
equal cubical content it possesses about three times the superficial area of grate
bar surface of any ordinary grate, and it must therefore have an increased direct
heat radiating power in about the same proportion; and that the immense amount

page_text: of heat rays reflected into the room by the reflector plate h, in addition to the
above mentioned radiating grate bar surface, make it not necessary to have a grate
so large as those ordinarily used, thus effecting a saving in fuel.
The method of operating my improved grate herein before described will apply
to that form of it shewn on the drawings and described above; but I wish
it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details of construc-
tion nor to the forms of the parts therein shewn and described.
I do not lay claim to the invention of a revolving grate per se, as such con-
struction is not novel, but having now particularly described and ascertained the
nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
I declare that what I claim is
(1.) An improved grate or stove, constructed in the manner and for the purposes,
substantially as herein shewn and described.
(2.) A vertically revolving fire basket, having no dead side surfaces, and pro-
vided with hinged caps or hoods to hold the fuel to be consumed, substantially as
herein shewn and described.
(3.) Constructing the back of a vertically revolving grate in such a manner as
to enable the said grate to rotate on the face of an upright concave radiating
frame plate, in order to get the heat from the side surfaces of the grate radiated
for useful purposes, substantially as herein shewn and described.
(4.) A vertically revolving grate supported horizontally by a pivot rotating in
a bearing made for it in the back of a concave radiating or frame plate, and by
another pivot rotating in a hanger fixed to a bridle in front, so that the greater
part of the said grate shall be below the said bridle in the manner and for the
purposes substantially as herein shewn and described.
(5.) A vertically revolving grate in combination with hobs on both sides
thereof in the manner and for the purposes, substantially as herein shewn and
described.
(6.) The combination with a vertically revolving grate of a vertical blower
arranged to close the upper part of the grate, in the manner and for the purposes
substantially as herein shewn and described.
(7.) The combination with a vertically revolving grate of dust flues formed in
the frame plate, and of a portable dust shield, in the manner and for the purposes,
substantially as herein shewn and described.
(8.) The combination with a vertically revolving grate of projections on the
interior edges of the bars in the manner and for the purposes, substantially as
herein shewn and described.
DIAL