Improvements in Hot Water Apparatus for Cooking Stoves, and in Hot Water Heating Apparatus connected therewith.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 19th Oct., 1891-Accepted, 28th Nov., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hot Water Apparatus for Cooking Stoves, and in
Hot Water Heating Apparatus connected therewith.
1, GILBERT THOMAS BREWER of No. 82 Eleventh Street in the City of
Hoboken in the County of Hudson and State of New Jersey United States of
America, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The first part of my invention relates to hot water apparatus for cooking stoves,
and it consists essentially in the combination with a cooking stove having the usual
cooking top and water back in the fire box, of an elevated hot closet above an open
space between it and said cooking top, a boiler enclosed in the hot closet subject to
the heat of the waste products from the fire, and two circulating pipes connecting
the water back and boiler suitably for promoting local circulation through the
water back and boiler, and also a suitable supply pipe for admitting the feed water,
and discharge pipe for drawing off the hot water for use.
The said invention being more particularly applicable to cooking stoves commonly
called ranges and such as commonly have the water back connected with a vertical
range boiler located on a stand at the side of the range and exposed to the atmo-
sphere so that much of the heat of the water is lost by radiation from the exposed
surface of the boiler.
By my improved construction not only the loss of heat by radiation is avoided,
but there is a large increase of heat taken up by the water in the boiler from the
waste heat passing through the hot closet in contact with the boiler, whereby not
only much hotter water is furnished for the same amount of heat in the range, but
the same and a much greater quantity can be obtained from a much smaller boiler
because through heating so much more rapidly the boiler may be drawn from more
frequently. For this part of the invention any suitable source of supply for
feeding the water back may be employed, as the street main or an overhead tank.
The second part of the invention consists in a hot water circulating system for
heating purposes combined with the said boiler enclosed in the elevated hot closet
over the cooking space and with the fire back, in which apparatus the outflow pipe
is connected with the boiler in the hot closet preferably at the top, and the return
pipe from the radiators is connected with the water back, and there is a feed pipe
also connected with the water back or with the said return pipe, and having for its
source of supply an overhead tank, and the outflow pipe has a vent stand pipe
extending from the junction of the vertical part of the outflow, with the lateral part
or thereabout of said outflow, through which the hot water circulates up to and
discharging into the supply tank or into the atmosphere above it, the purpose of
which is to vent off any steam or hot air rising from the boiler and at once separate
it from the water, and thus effectually prevent any lodgement of vapor in any turns,
bends, depressions or other places where it might collect and so interrupt the column
of water as to prevent circulation as it otherwise does, and has up to this time
prevented the successful operation of hot water through radiators placed on a level
with or lower than the heater from which the water flows.
In this case the supply has to be from an overhead tank or other like source in
which the pressure will not vary to any material extent because above a certain
limit the water would be forced out through the vent pipe.
For this part of the invention circulation through the water back and boiler will
be sufficient with only one pipe connecting the water back and boiler when the
circulation is going on through the radiators and back to the water back through
the return pipe, but when this is shut off as is frequently required, the two pipes

page_text: connecting the water back and boiler are necessary for effecting efficient local
circulation in said water back and boiler.
These pipes are adjusted in the common way for causing the upward flow through
one pipe and downward flow through the other, .e., the one for the upward flow is
at its lower end connected with the water back at a higher position than the lower
end of the other pipe and is likewise connected with the boiler at its upper end at a
higher position than the upper end of said other pipe through which the, water
descends.
Dated this 26th day of January 1891.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Associate, Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hot Water Apparatus for Cooking Stoves, and in
Hot Water Heating Apparatus connected therewith.
I, GILBERT THOMAS BREWER of No. 82 Eleventh Street in the. City of
Hoboken, in the County of Hudson and State of New Jersey, United States of
America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The first part of my invention relates to improvements in hot water, apparatus
for cooking stoves and it consists essentially in the combination with a cooking
stove having the usual cooking top, and water-back in the fire box, of an elevated
hot closet above an open space between it and said cooking top, a boiler enclosed
in the hot closet subject to the heat of the waste products from the fire and two
circulating pipes connecting the water-back and boiler suitably for promoting local
circulation through the water-back, and boiler, and also a suitable supply pipe
for admitting the feed water, and a discharge pipe for drawing off the hot water
for use.
The said invention is more particularly applicable to cooking stoves commonly
called ranges and such as commonly have the water-back connected with a vertical
range boiler located on a stand at the side of the range and exposed to the atmo-
sphere so that much of the heat of the water is lost by radiation from the exposed
surface of the boiler.
By my improved construction not only the loss of heat by radiation is avoided,
but there is a large increase of heat taken up by the water in the boiler from the
waste heat passing through the hot closet in contact with the boiler, whereby not
only much hotter water is furnished for the same amount of heat in the range, but
the same and a much greater quantity can be obtained from a much smaller boiler,
because, through heating so much more rapidly the boiler may be drawn from
more frequently. For this part of the invention any suitable source of supply for
feeding the water-back may be employed as the street main or an overhead tank.
The second part of the invention consists in a hot water circulating system for
heating purposes combined with the said boiler enclosed in the elevated hot.closet
over the cooking space and with the water-back, in which apparatus the outflow
pipe is connected with the boiler in the hot closet preferably at the top, and the
return pipe from the radiators is connected with the water-back, and there is a feed
pipe also connected with the water-back, or with the said return pipe, and having
for its source of supply an overhead tank, and the outflow pipe has a vent stand
pipe extending from the junction of the vertical part of the outflow with the lateral
part or thereabout of said outflow through which the hot water circulates to and
discharges into the supply tank or into the atmosphere above it, the purpose of
which is to vent off any steam or hot air rising from the boiler and at once separate
it from the boiler, and thus effectually prevent any lodgement of vapor in any
turns, bends, depressions or other places where it might collect and so interrupt the
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page_text: column of water as to prevent circulation as it otherwise does, and has up to this
time prevented the successful operation of hot water through radiators placed on a
level with or lower than the heater from which the water flows.
In this case the supply has to be from an over-head tank or other like source in
which the pressure will not vary to any material extent because above a certain
limit the water would be forced out through the vent pipe.
For this part of the invention circulation through the water-back and boiler will
be sufficient with only one pipe connecting the water-back and boiler when the
circulation is going on through the radiators and back to the water-back through
the return pipe, but when this is shut off as is frequently required, the two pipes
connecting the water-back and boiler are necessary for effecting local circulation in
said water-back and boiler.
These pipes are adjusted in the common way for causing the upward flow through
one pipe and downward flow through the other i.e., the one for the upward flow is
at its lower end connected with the water-back at a higher position than the lower
of the other pipe, and is likewise connected with the boiler at its upper end at a
higher position than the upper end of said other pipe through which the water
descends.
Referring to the drawings-
Fig. 1, represents a range with my improved hot water apparatus partly in front
elevation and partly as seen looking obliquely downward from an elevated position
in front of the same, &
Fig. 2, is a detail in section on an enlarged scale.
I employ a much shorter and smaller boiler a, than the common range boiler, and
locate it in a hot closet b, occupying the position of the elevated oven or warming
closet sometimes used directly over and a short distance above and leaving a clear
space so as not to obstruct the use of the cooking top plate e, of the range and
directly over the water-back d, said water-back being preferably extended back-
ward a little beyond the range top and having the circulating pipes e, and f
connected with its top back of said range top and extended directly upward through
the bottom plate g, of the hot closet into the bottom of the boiler with the supply
pipe, connected into one side of the water-back as usual, but having an elevated
tank for its source of supply instead of the usual connection with the high pressure
street main, and the outflow pipe, is connected with the top of the boiler and
extended upward to a point a little below the supply tank, and has a vent branch,
extending upward and opening into the tank to avoid steam pressure in the boiler,
so that the pressure therein is never higher than is due to the height of the tank
above the boiler. The boiler is therefore enabled to be made in cast metal which
is much cheaper than the common sheet metal boilers and is strong and safe for
such pressure even when made thin and light especially when the water supply from
the boiler is only for the kitchen and other rooms on the same level, as in "flats."
for which the invention is more particularly intended, the tank being in such case
at the top of the same story or thereabout in which the range is located.
The ordinary range boiler is much larger than my boiler and is located so as to
be exposed to the atmosphere of the room and loses much heat by radiation the
water heating very slowly and seldom getting very hot, it is preferably made thus
large and so exposed to radiation because when connected with the high pressure
street main there is no practical circulation from the boiler back into the main and
it is dangerous to allow the water to become so heated as to generate steam
pressure above that of the water, the steam being liable to drive the water from the
water-back into the main, and expose the water-back thus unprotected to injury by
heat. So much heat wasted by radiation and the large volume used for protection
against the steam pressure for so lessens the power of the apparatus for hot water,
that very hot water cannot be had except at intervals after excessive firing for a
considerable length of time and the radiated heat is very objectionable in warm
weather.
The circulation of the water between the water-back and boiler is not so active

page_text: when subject to the pressure of the water service main as at atmospheric pressure
or only slightly above, which is the condition in my boiler, and the circulation is
much more active when the boiler is located directly over the water-back and
connected with straight pipes as I have arranged it than when located as commonly
placed, which, together with the protection from loss by radiation which I have
provided for by enclosing the tank, enables much hotter water to be furnished in
my apparatus with less expenditure of fuel and although the quantity contained in
the boiler to draw is not so great yet it will furnish as much or more hot water in a
given time because it heats so much quicker between drawings.
If steam is generated at times when not much water is drawn it merely passes up
into the supply tank through the vent pipes and condenses therein and returns
again as warm water to the boiler and in a condition to be heated more quickly
than before.
said
The tank is supplied from the street main through the pipe 7, and the supply is
automatically regulated by the float m, connected with the arm of the cock
tank being open to the atmosphere.
n,
The heating power of the boiler thus arranged is so great and the circulation so
active that with a small boiler such as can be conveniently placed in a hot closet
such as it is practicable to have on a range of uniform size, a hot water heating
system of considerable capacity as for the whole suite of a "flat" of moderate size
may be successfully operated besides furnishing the needed supplies of hot water
for all the purposes of family use, the ordinary radiators as p, being distributed
throughout the rooms and connected as usual for the outflow of the hot water, and
return of the cold, the outflow being in this case an extension 9, of the hot water
pipe, and, the return pipe connected with pipe h, through which the water-back is
supplied from the tank; t, indicates another hot water pipe that may be extended
in another direction if desired.
The smoke pipe, discharges into the hot closet at r, and the heated currents
are deflected around the boiler by the deflector w, and escape through the upper
section 2, of the smoke pipe.
It will be seen that by the connection of the vent pipe in direct upward extension
of the stand pipe all vapors continue directly upward and thus effectually separate
from the water which thereby circulates much better, its continuity being unbroken
because of there being no vapor to collect in bends or the like, such as often forms
traps in closed systems.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a hot water apparatus for cooking stoves the combination with the stove
having the usual cooking top, of the water-back, the elevated hot closet above an
open space between it and said cooking top, the boiler enclosed in the hot closet
subject to the heat of the waste products from the fire, and two circulating pipes
connecting the water-back and boiler.
2. In a hot water apparatus for cooking stoves the combination with the stove
having the usual cooking top, of the water-back, the elevated hot closet above an
open space between it and said cooking space, the boiler enclosed in the hot closet
subject to the heat of the waste products from the fire, two circulating pipes
connecting the water-back and the boiler, and the feed pipe connected with the
water-back.
3. In a hot water apparatus for cooking stoves the combination of the water
heater, the circulating pipes, the elevated tank for the supply of the water to the
heater open to the atmosphere and connected with the water circulating system by
a supply pipe, the circulating pipes independently of and below the supply tank, and
the vent of the stand pipe opening to the atmosphere above the water in the supply
tank substantially as described.
4. In a hot water apparatus for cooking stoves the combination with the stove

page_text: having the usual cooking top, of the water-back, the elevated hot closet above an
open space between it and said cooking top, the boiler enclosed in the hot closet
subject to the waste products from the fire, two circulating pipes connecting the
water-back and boiler, the outflow pipe connected with the boiler and the return
pipe connected with the water-back substantially as described.
5. In a hot water apparatus for cooking stoves, the combination with the stove
of the water-back, the elevated hot closet located over, and the usual distance of the
elevated oven above the stove, the boiler enclosed in the part of said closet over
the water-back, the vertical circulating pipes connecting the boiler and water-back,
the supply pipe connected with the water-back, the overflow stand pipe connected
with the top of the boiler, the circulating pipes connected with the stand pipe above
the boiler, the supply tank located above the circulating pipes, and the vent pipe
connected to the circulating pipe and discharging above the surface of the water in
said tank all substantially as described.
Dated this 8th day of September 1891.
GILBERT THOMAS BREWER.