Improvements in Ornamented India-rubber, Waterproofed Fabrics, and in the Mode of Producing the same.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 1st Sept., 1892-Accepted, 17th Dec., 1892
PROVISIONALSITION
Improvements in Ornamented India-rubber, Waterproofed Fabrics,
and in the Mode of Producing the same.
I, GOODMAN CHARLES MANDLEBERG Managing Director, J. Mandleberg & Co.,
Limited of Albion Waterproofing Works, Pendleton Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
ollows:-
The object of my invention is to produce a class of waterproof fabrics of very
ittle more weight than single-texture india-rubber waterproofed fabrics, and also
ornament the same, such fabrics being intended more particularly for ladies water-
proof garments. My improved fabrics consist of any suitable and desired woven
fabric which is spread or coated with india-rubber proofing and is then covered
wholly or partly, according to the design and effect required, by spun or twisted
threads formed of any desired fibre. In one form of my invention the threads are
laid parallel to each other and side by side and more or less close together, and
made to adhere to the proofed face of the fabric by pressure, such application of
the threads to the proofed surface being made before it has become too dry to
adhere to them.
By another method the threads which are to be applied to the proofed surface
are first prepared by being passed through, or saturated with, an india-rubber
solvent and they are then rolled or calendered on to the proofed surface of the
fabric which is rolled up tightly, and may, after a time, when the solvent has
evaporated more or less, be again calendered.
The threads may, in some cases, be laid upon the proofed surface of the fabric in
zig-zag or wavy lines, or part of the threads may be presented in such zig-zag or
wavy lines, and part in straight lines, in the lengthway of the fabric according to
the design and effect required.
In carrying out my invention when the threads are to be made to adhere to the
proofed surface of the fabric without solvent, they are drawn from bobbins or
warp-beams, and may be presented by suitable arrangements to the proofed fabric
in the spreading machine, at a point where the proofing has been sufficiently dried,
and pressed on to it, and the proofed fabric, with these threads adhering to it, may,
if desired, be passed through calender rollers to consolidate the threads with the
proofed face of the fabric. In the case of threads which are made to pass through
rubber solvent before they reach the proofed fabric, suitable modifications of this
method must be made. Fabrics so formed may be subsequently coated with farina
and vulcanized or otherwise treated.
Though the method of placing the threads lengthways to the fabric presents
obvious advantages in case of manufacture, they may also be placed crosswise or
diagonally or in any combination of these directions.
I have mentioned the best methods of causing the thread to become firmly
attached to the proofed fabric so as to form a part of the same, but these methods
may be varied in details without departing from my invention.
Dated this 22nd day of December 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ornamented India-rubber Waterproofed Fabrics,
and in the Mode of Producing the same.
I, GOODMAN CHARLES MANDLEBERG, Managing Director of J. Mandleberg
& Co. Limited, of Albion Waterproofing Works, Pendleton, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to produce a class of waterproof fabrics of very
little more weight than single texture india-rubber waterproof fabrics, and also
ornament the same such fabrics being intended more particularly for ladies water-
proof garments.
My improved fabrics consist of any suitable and desired woven fabric which is
spread or coated with india-rubber proofing in any ordinary manner, and is then
covered wholly or partly according to the design and effect required by spun or
twisted threads forined of any desired fibre and of any desired color.
In one form of my invention the threads are laid parallel to each other and side
by side, and more or less close together as desired, and are made to adhere to the
proofed face of the fabric by pressure, such application of threads to the proofed
surface being made before it has become too dry to adhere to them, but in case
the proofing becomes too dry it is or may be made sufficiently adhesive by having
india-rubber-solvent applied to it, by passing the face of the proofed fabric in
contact with a roller revolving in india-rubber-solvent (or india-rubber solution,
that is, india-rubber solvent with a little india-rubber dissolved in it) which mode
of applying the india-rubber solvent or solution is similar to that used for applying
vulcanizing liquid for vulcanizing by the cold process, or other modes of applying
the india-rubber solvent or solution to the proofed face of the fabric may be used.
By another method the threads which are to be applied to the proofed surface of
the fabric, are first prepared by passing them through or saturating them with, or
having applied to them an india-rubber-solvent and they are then rolled or
calendered on to the proofed surface of the fabric which is then rolled up tightly
with the proofed surface outside and after a time, when the solvent has softened the
proofing more or less and the threads have partly sunk into the proofing the
fabric with the threads adhering to it is or may be again calendered.
The threads may in some cases, be laid upon the proofed surface of the fabric in
zig-zag or wavy lines, or part of the threads may be presented in such zig-zag or
wavy lines, and part in straight lines, in the lengthway of the fabric according to
the design and effect required.
In carrying out my invention when the threads are to be made to adhere to the
proofed surface of the fabric without solvent they are drawn from bobbins or warp-
beams, and may be presented by suitable arrangements such as a weavers reed to the
proofed fabric in the spreading machine, at a point where the proofing has been
sufficiently dried, (but is not too dry to adhere to the threads) and pressed on to it
by a roller, and the proofed fabric, with these threads adhering to it may if
desired, be passed through calender rollers to consolidate the threads with the
proofed face of the fabric.
If desired, the combined proofed fabric and threads, may have india-rubber-
solvent applied to it by passing it in contact with a roller as herein before described
and may then (when the solvent has been sufficiently evaporated) be calendered
again.
Though as stated above, the ornamental threads may be applied to the proofed
surface of the fabric in the spreading or proofing machine (where the proofing is
applied to the fabric) I prefer to apply the threads to the fabric after it has had
the proofing spread upon it and while the proofing is still tacky or adhesive by
passing such fabric through a calendering machine in which there are bearings for

page_text: beams similar to the warp beams for looms upon which the threads are wound, and
from which the threads are drawn and passed through a loom reed or other suitable..
appliance of suitable pitch, which keeps the threads at the proper distance apart
according to the design required, this reed being held in suitable supports as close
as possible without touching the lower calender roller.
The thread beams may have friction applied to them to give the proper tension
to the threads.
In some cases each thread may be drawn from a separate bobbin.
The threads after passing the reed or guide, come in contact with the upper
proofed face of the fabric when passing round the lower calender roller and between
it and the upper calender roller which gives the required pressure to make the
threads adhere to the proofed face of the fabric.
The proofed fabric is drawn from a roll on one side of the calendering rollers
under the lower calendering roller, over it and between it and the upper calendering
roller, and is then wound up after the threads have been applied upon a roller with
the proofed side outwards or away from the axis of the roller.
When india-rubber solvent is to be applied to the threads before they come in
contact with the proofed face of the fabric, I cause the threads coming from the
beam or bobbins to pass over the upper surface of a roller, the lower side of which
revolves in a trough containing the india-rubber-solvent.
"
"
In some cases, and to make every part of the threads adhere with certainty, the
fabrics after having the threads made to adhere to them (either in the " spreading'
or "proofing' machine, or in the calender, or in the calender when india-rubber-
solvent is first applied to the threads before being rolled upon the proofed surface)
are taken to a machine or arrangement (it may be a spreading machine or a
modified calender machine) and india-rubber-solvent is applied by a roller or other
means to the entire proofed face of the fabric, and this solvent acts to soften the
proofing and allows the threads to sink and become more embedded in the proofing,
and when the solvent has sufficiently dried or evaporated (which may be hastened
by passing over hollow steam heated surfaces as in the spreading machine) the
fabric may then be calendered again, to fully consolidate the threads with the
proofed face of the fabric.
In some cases the threads before being applied to the proofed face of the fabric
have or may have applied to them india-rubber solvent, in which rubber has been
dissolved, such being commonly termed india-rubber solution.
In some cases after the threads have been applied to the proofed surface as above
explained, the thread ornamented fabric is taken to the spreading machine and one
or more thin coats of proofing is spread over the entire surface of the fabric.
But if this latter process is used or india-rubber solution is employed, the lustre
of the threads, such as silk, is more or less lost and spoiled, and these latter processes
are only advisable for inferior goods where the best ornamental effect is not
required.
In applying threads in wavy or zig-zag lines, the reed or equivalent means
through which the threads are guided to the proofed fabric, is moved by any
suitable mechanism (such as a cam or crank or excentric) in gear with the calender
rollers, to and fro in its endwards direction.
After the proofed fabrics have had the threads attached to them as above
explained, they have farina or similar material applied to them, which is a well
known process, and are theu vulcanized by any well known process.
I have mentioned the best methods of causing the threads to become firmly
attached to the proofed surface of the fabric so as to form a part of the same, but
these methods may be varied in details without departing from my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is.
1. The process or processes of ornamenting india-rubber waterproofed fabrics by

page_text: applying spun or twisted threads to the proofed face of the fabric and making the
same adhere thereto substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore
described.
2. The improved fabrics made and ornamented in the manner claimed in the
above claim.
Dated this Thirty-first day of August 1892.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.