AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING OR MANUFACTURING COPPER OR OTHER METAL ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING
Year: 1818

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HOLLINGRAKE, of Manchester, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Mechanic,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did,
by His Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day
of August, in the fifty-eighth year of His reign, give and grant unto me,
the said James Hollingrake, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James
Hollingrake, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Inventioii of
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING OR MANUFACTURING COPPER OR OTHER METAL
ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING" in which said Letters Patent there is contained
a proviso that if I, the said James Hollingrake, shall not particularly describé
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next' and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, that then the said 'Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages
whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void,
as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that my said Invention or improved method consists in
casting and making rollers for calico printing either hollow or solid of copper
or other fit metal, with greater soundness and closeness in texture than the
rollers hitherto made for that purpose. My improved method of making such
rollers is by subjecting the metal that is to form them while it is in the
mould in a fluid state to a mechanical pressure, and to continue and follow up
such pressure until the metal shall be fully set, fixed, and formed, either
as a hollow or solid roller, and the pressure so used and applied (as here-
after to be particularly explained) will produce a roller more close and sound
in its texture than can be made by any method before practised in
the casting or forming of rollers for calico printing. The copper or other
suitable metal to be employed for the making of such rollers may be melted in
any of the usual furnaces for melting of metal in pots or otherwise, and when
it shall be properly melted it must be poured into a suitable mould, made of
iron or other fit substance, and while such mould is used for the purpose of
casting and compressing it should be placed in a vertical position; and when a
sufficient quantity of fluid metal for the casting of any roller is so poured into
a proper mould, and while it is in the mould in a fluid or soft state, I then
employ a sudden and adequate pressure upon the top of such metal sufficient
to compress the whole body or column into a much shorter length than its
natural gravitation and contraction in the act of cooling would produce, and
thus is obtained a roller more close and sound in texture than can be produced
without the application of this my method. As neither the construction of
the moulds with their necessary apparatus, nor the machines which I employ
for compressing the fluid metal for such roller, form any part of my Invention,
I need not therefore describe them, because the mode in which iron or other
moulds are made and used for the casting of either hollow or solid rollers, as
well as the various machines and contrivances that are in common use to con-
vey and produce any required degree of pressure upon and through any
metallic substance, are well and generally known,-any adequate weight simply
pressing on the top of the fluid metal while it is in the mould or any of the
well-known mechanical powers will produce a sufficient pressure for this pur-
pose, therefore leave it to any competent workman to select any of these
common and well-known means that he may deem most convenient to his
purpose. It is obvious that the degree of pressure to be applied must vary
with the quantity of the metal to be compressed; it cannot well be too great,
provided the mould is sufficiently strong to resist it. My Invention or
improved method of making rollers for calico printing is the working and
making a manufacture by compressing fluid metal in an iron or other

page_text: suitable mould employed to make such rollers, by which they are formed
into an improved state of closeness and soundness in their texture, and not for
any particular machine or machines by which these essential effects are
produced.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hollingrake, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and nineteen.