IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALLOYS OF NICKEL AND STEEL, NICKEL AND IRON, AND NICKEL BRONZE, FOR SHIPBUILDING AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Elmore, of 91, Blackfriars Road, in the County
of Surrey, Electric Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF ALLOYS OF NICKEL AND STEEL, NICKEL AND IRON, AND
NICKEL BRONZE, FOR SHIPBUILDING AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Elmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1879.
WILLIAM ELMORE, of 91, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey, Electric
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALLOYS OF NICKEL AND
STEEL, NICKEL AND IRON, AND NICKEL BRONZE, FOR SHIPBUILDING AND OTHER
USEFUL PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the production of alloys of steel, iron, and copper, with
nickel, the object being by the admixture in a molten state of nickel and magnesia
with steel, and nickel and magnesia with iron, to obtain resultant alloys that aro
non-oxidizable and also malleable and ductile, and also by the admixture as
aforesaid of nickel and magnesia with iron and copper to obtain nickel bronze of
fine quality and comparatively small cost, and of nickel and copper for coating
purposes.
In carrying the Invention into practice a nickel mixture consisting of about
85 to 95 per cent. nickel to 15 to 5 per cent. magnesia is employed.
The steel or iron of desired marketable quality to be alloyed is melted in ordinary
manner, and when in its molten state the nickel mixture, previously pulverised, is
added in proportion of from 1 per cent. to 10 per cent. to 99 per cent. to 90 per
ceut. of iron or steel, according to the purposes for which the alloys may be required;
the higher percentages of nickel giving the higher qualities of alloys.
The addition of nickel to iron and steel forms an alloy of somewhat brittle
character, therefore is it that I employ the magnesia to secure the malleability and
ductility of the resultant alloy.
The nickel bronze is produced by the admixture in a molten state of about 20 to 80
parts by weight of iron, to which is to be added 18 to 5 parts of the pulverised
nickel and magnesia mixture, and 62 to 15 parts of copper respectively.

page_text: This nickel-steel or nickel-iron alloy is in consequence of its non oxidizable
quality specially useful for plates in the construction of iron and steel ships, and
for screw propellers, and for other purposes where iron or steel, or iron coated with
tin is used and subjected to oxidizing influences, and such screw propellers and
ships' plates I may further treat by electrically depositing thereon a coating of
nickel.
•
Again, for the magnet irons for the electro-magnets used in dynamo and other
electric machines, the use of this nickel alloy is advantageous in consequence of its
retaining the latent magnetism in a high degree.
The nickel bronze is applicable for the purpose of bearings and fittings of
machinery for screw propellers, for sheathing plates, and for other purposes where
a cheap bronze is required.
These nickel alloys will be specially useful for making plates for shipbuilding,
tanks, boiler plates, and other purposes, by rolling an ingot or ingots of the alloy
along with the ingot forming the body of the plate to face same. Again, a
plate of iron or steel may be similarly faced by the nickel bronze alloy. Again,
instead of mixing the nickel and copper to form an alloy throughout the whole mass
of the metal, I form an alloy of nickel and copper alone, and roll ingots of these with
ingots of iron or steel for said purpose of facing or coating same homogeneously.
Further, by the well known process of "drawing" rods and wire may be made,
having a coating of these alloys.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Elinore in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th May
1880.
WILLIAM ELMORE, of 91, Blackfriar's Road, in the County of Surrey, Electric
Engincer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALLOYS OF NICKEL AND STEEL,
NICKEL IRON, AND NICKEL BRONZE, FOR SHIPBUILDING AND OTHER USEFUL
PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the production of alloys of steel, iron, and copper, with
nickel, the object being by the admixture in a molten state of nickel and magnesia
with steel, and nickel and magnesia with iron, to obtain resultant alloys that are
nonoxidizable, and also malleable and ductile, and also, by the admixture as aforesaid
of nickel and magnesia with iron and copper to obtain a nickel bronze, of fine
quality and comparatively small cost, and of nickel and copper for coating
purposes.
In carrying the Invention into practice a nickel mixture consisting of about
85 to 95 per cent. nickel to 15 to 5 per cent. magnesia is employed.
The steel or iron of desired marketable quality to be alloyed is melted in ordinary
manner, and when in its molten state the "nickel mixture" previously pulverised
is added in proportion of from 1 per cent. upward to 99 per cent. downward of
iron or steel, according to the purposes for which the alloys may be required,
at the higher percentages of nickel giving the higher qualities of alloys. 10 per
cent. of the nickel mixture is preferred.
The addition of nickel to iron and steel forms an alloy of somewhat brittle
character, therefore is it that I employ the magnesia to secure the malleability and
ductility of the resultant alloy.
The nickel bronze is produced by the admixture in a molten state of about
20 to 80 parts by weight of iron, to which is to be added 18 to 5 parts of the
pulverised nickel and magnesia mixture, and 62 to 15 parts of copper respectively.
This nickel-steel or nickel iron alloy is in consequence of its nonoxidizable
quality specially useful for plates in the construction of iron and steel ships, and for
screw propellers, and for other purposes where iron or steel, or iron coated with tin
is used and subjected to oxidizing influences, and such screw propellers and ships'
plates I may further treat by electrically depositing thereon a coating of nickel.
Again, for the magnet irons for the clectro-magnets used in dynamo and other
electric inachines, the use of this nickel alloy is advantageous in consequence of its
retaining the latent magnetism in a high degree.
The nickel bronze is applicable for the purpose of bearings and fittings of
machinery for screw propellers, for sheathing plates, and for other purposes where
a cheap bronze is required.
These nickel alloys will be specially useful for making plates for shipbuilding,
tanks, boiler plates, and other purposes, by rolling an ingot or ingots of the alloy
along with the ingot forming the body of the plate to face same.
Again, a plate of iron or steel may be similarly faced by the nickel bronze alloy.
Again, instead of mixing the nickel and copper to form an alloy throughout the
whole mass of the metal, I form an alloy of nickel and copper alone, and roll ingots
of these with ingots of iron or steel for said purpose of facing or coating the same
homogeneously.
Further, by the well known process of "drawing" rods and wire may be made,
having a coating of these alloys.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, I
claim,―
The production of alloys of nickel and iron, nickel and steel, or nickel and iron

page_text: or steel and copper for "nickel bronze" by the admixture in a molton state of
nickel and magnesia with the metals constituting the alloys, and their application
substantially as and for the purposes herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Elmore, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty second day of May, in the year of our Lord One 5
thousand eight hundred and eighty,
In the presence of
WALTER A. BARLOW,
Patent Agent & Engineer,
St. Paul's Chyd.,
London, E.C.
WILLIAM ELMORE. (L.S.)