x, and other Fibrous Materials.
Year: 1885

page_text: Flax, and other Fibrous Materials.
I ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman do hereby
declare the nature of the invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SPREADING AND DRAWING HEMP, FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to that class of spreading and drawing machinery in which
the fibre is operated upon by means of catenary series of gill pins and has reference
more particularly to the apparatus for which I applied for Letters Patent on the
27th day of January 1885, N° 1154.
The objects of this invention are to increase the capacity and efficiency of such
machinery, to save much of the room occupied by the machines as now constructed
and organized, and to reduce the amount of attendance required.
The invention consists principally in the combination of two independently
working catenary series of gill-pins, so geared that the operative pins of the two
series move towards each other, and interposed drawing heads and delivery
apparatus whereby the fibres operated upon by the two series of gill pins aro
drawn in opposite directions and collected together and delivered in the form of
a single sliver.
The invention further consists in improvements relating to the drawing heads
and delivery apparatus employed in the combination herein before mentioned.
A pair of drawing rolls is provided for each chain of gill pins, the upper drawing'
rollers having endless bands for carrying up between them the drawn slivers.
These slivers as they leave the travelling bands pass through a trumpet mouth
condenser, which combines them into one and the condensed sliver thence passes
to a pair of delivery rollers which delivers it out of the machine. The extension
rollers which carry the travelling bands are made adjustable in order that the bands
may approach each other and thus put a pressure upon the fibres as they are
carried up to the condenser.
,

page_text: A machine embodying this invention may be described as two drawing frames
or two spreaders from which the delivery rollers and funnel-like condensers had
been removed, placed end to end with their drawing heads close together, and
having between them a delivery apparatus common to both by which the fibres
received from the drawing heads of the two machines are collected together and
delivered as a single sliver.
Flax, and other Fibrous Materials.
I ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to that class of spreading and drawing machinery in
which the fibre is operated upon by means of catenary series of gill pins.
The objects of this invention are to increase the capacity and efficiency of such
machinery, to save much of the room occupied by the machines as now constructed
and organized, and to reduce the labour required to attend to them.
The invention consists principally in the combination of two independently-
working endless catenary series of gill pins, so geared to run in opposite directions,
that the operative pins of the two series move towards each other, and interposed
drawing heads and delivery apparatus, whereby the fibres operated upon by the
two series of gill pins are drawin in opposite directions, and collected together and
delivered in the form of a single sliver.
The invention further consists in improvements hereinafter fully described and
claimed relating to the drawing heads and delivery apparatus employed in the
combination hereinbefore mentioned.
As introductory to a detailed description of this invention, I will state generally
that a machine embodying this invention resembles two drawing frames or two
spreaders from which the delivery rollers and funnel-like condensers had been
removed, placed end to end with their drawing-heads close together, and having
between them a central delivery apparatus by which the fibres received from the
drawing-heads of the two machines are collected and delivered as a single sliver.

page_text: The drawings illustrate this invention as carried out by two types of machine.
In the first type, which is illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, the spreading and drawing
process is performed with two endless catenary series of gill pins arranged at
different levels, and working at different velocities, and constituting what the
inventor terms a differential catenary series. In the second type, which is
illustrated in Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, the drawing process is performed with one endless
catenary series of gill-pins.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 is a plan of a machine of the first
mentioned type having plain feedboards, such as would be applied if the machine
were intended for use as a drawing frame to draw several slivers into one.
Figure 3 is a central longitudinal vertical section of a machine of the same type,
having such feed boards as would be applied if the machine were to be used as a
spreader to receive the fibre from the bale, and convert it into a sliver. Figure 4
is a central transverse vertical section, which corresponds with Figures 1, 2 and 3:
Figure 5 is a side elevation of a machine of the second type. Figure 6 is a plan
of the same. Figure 7 is a longitudinal vertical section of the saine, taken nearly
in the line x, x, of Figure 8.-Figure 8 is a central transverse vertical section of
the same.
Similar letters and numbers of reference designate corresponding parts where
they occur in different Figures.
I will first describe the machine represented in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
A designates the main framing of the machine; B E' are the feed boards;
and C, c, C, c, are the feed rolls at opposite ends of the machine. D, d and D', d,
are the drawing rolls, which, with the framing A, E, which contains their
bearings, constitute the drawing heads of the machine.-These drawing heads
are placed on the framing, A, at the middle of the length of the machine. E, e, are-
the delivery rolls arranged above, and transverse to the drawing rolls.
F, F, are the first two belts or catenary series of gill pins, which take the fibres
from the feed rolls at opposite ends of the machine, and carry them forward
towards the more rapidly moving second two belts or catenary series of gill
pins G, G¹, from which the fibres are taken by the centrally arranged drawing
rolls, D, d and D¹, d', whence they pass to the delivery rolls E, e.
O, O', are two endless chains or catenary series of bars for supporting the fibres
under the catenary series of gills-pins F, F.
The endless chains which carry the bars in which the gill-pins of the first two
belts or catenary series F, F¹, are held, are supported, carried, and directed by,
chain-wheels H, I, H', I', on shafts h, i, h', i, and by rails 14, and guides 15, the.
said shafts working in bearings provided on the framing A, and the said rails and
guides being supported on the said framing. The chains which carry the bars in
which the gill pins of the second two more rapidly moving belts or catenary
series G, G, are supported, are carried by chain wheels J, K, J, K', on shafts j, k,
j, k, working in suitable bearings in or on the framing A, and by rails 16, 17, and
guides 18, 19 supported on said framing. The shafts ii and k¹ are the driving
shafts, and motion is imparted to them respectively in such directions as to cause
all the belts or catenary series of gill pins to move in such directions, indicated by,
arrows in Figures 1 and 3, that the gill-pins which are at any time in operation
always move towards the centre of the machine.-Motion being also communicated
to the two pairs or sets of drawing rolls D, d, and D₁, d¹, so that they deliver
towards the centre of the machine, it will be understood that the machine resembles.
two spreaders or drawing machines set end to end, and working towards each
other. The delivery rolls E, e, being arranged centrally over the drawing rolls
with a stationary conductor L between them, all the slivers worked in the machine
are collected into a single sliver, which is delivered by one pair of delivery rolls
into a trough-like conductor M, whence it passes to any suitable receptacle, as for
instance, a large box or basket N set on a truck, on which it can be wheeled away
when full.

page_text: The delivery rolls E, e, have their journals in boxes E¹, e¹, which are fitted to
two standards E³, E³, erected upon girders E2, E2, which are placed across the
standards A¹, A¹, of the drawing heads of the machine. The boxes of the upper
rolle have pressure applied to them by means of adjustable springs e²-The lower
delivery roll E is represented as driven by a band ef from a pulley d² on the shaft
of the drawing roll D₁, to a pulley e³, on the said roll E, the said band running
over guide pulleys es e carried by a bracket E' secured to one of the girders E³.
The upper delivery roll e is driven by the lower one.
The two differential catenary series of gill-pins F, G and F¹, G¹, and their
respective feed-rolls and drawing rolls, are all driven from the shaft a of the lower
drawing roll D, which is the main shaft of the machine, being furnished with a
pulley a, which receives the driving belt a². The said shaft a carries two spur
gears d* and a*, of which the first mentioned gears with a similar spur gear *1
on the shaft a¹ of the other lower drawing roll D¹ for the purpose of driving the
said roll. The other gear a* on the shaft a gears with and drives a spur gear f
which works on a stud f* secured to the framing, and which gears with a spur
gear * on the driving shaft k of the endless belt of gill pins G, and so drives the
said gill pins. The shaft a¹ of the drawing roll D¹ carries a spur gear a* like a*,
gearing with a gear f¹, like f, working on a stud f*1 secured to the framing; and
this gear f gears with a gear k*1 on the driving shaft of the belt of gill pins G¹,
for the purpose of driving those pins.-The carrying shafts ; ;¹ of the two belts of
gill pins G, G, are both driven by their respective chains, and the said shafts are
furnished respectively with spur gears g g¹, which gear respectively with larger
gears 7, 1, working on studs * and *1 attached to the framing, and these stud
gears have fast to them respectively two smaller spur gears or pinions m, m³, shown
in dotted outline in Fig. 1, which gear respectively with other pinions n, n¹, which
gear with the spur-gears i*, *1, on the driving shafts i, i, of the endless belts of
gill pins F, F, and so drive the latter belts of gill pins much slower than
those G G-The chains of the belts of gill pins F, F1, drive the shafts h, h¹, and
the latter are furnished respectively with spur gears h* and *1, which gear with
the larger spur gears C*, and C*1 on the lower feed-rolls, for the purpose of driving
the feed rolls.
The supporting chains O, O¹, are driven by spur gears 12, 12 on the shafts i, i',
of the belts of gill pins F, F, gearing with spur gears, 13, 13 on the shafts o, o', of
the carrying wheels o*, o* of the said chains.
The trains of gearing hereinabove described, drive the drawing rolls, the two
catenary series of gill pins, and the feed rolls, in such directions respectively, that
the fibres are drawn towards the centre of the machine, and that the several slivers
produced or drawn are collected together, to be delivered as a single sliver, as
illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
When a machine of the type hereinabove described, and illustrated by Figs, 1, 2,
3 and 4, is to be used as a spreader to spread the fibres taken from the bale, and
draw them into the first slivers, and for that purpose has plain flat feed boards as
shown in Fig. 3, the fibre is taken in bunches or stricks by the attendants, and
placed upon the feed boards, to be taken by the feed rollers in the manner
commonly practised in feeding spreading machines.
When such a machine is to be used as a drawing machine to draw several slivers
into one, it has a feed board like that of the drawing frames commonly used in
machines for drawing hemp and other fibrous materials, as is shown in Figures 1
and 2, and as many slivers S S as are to be drawn together, are supplied to the
machine from as many cans P, P, arranged under or in convenient relation to the
feedboard, as shown in those Figures. With the feed boards and cans represented
in Figure 2, twelve slivers may be taken in at each end of the machine, and the
twenty four slivers are drawn together and collected into and delivered in a
single sliver.
It may be stated that a machine for spreading the fibre to obtain the first
slivers, would have gill pins larger and more widely spaced than in a machine

page_text: for drawing together several previously formed slivers to produce from them a
single sliver.
I have shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 a system of blast pipes for blowing out the
dust from the fibres at the places where the two belts of each of the two double
catenary series of gill pins F, G, and F¹ G¹ come together. These pipes consist of
a main pipe Q, which runs across or along the upper part of the room where one
or more machines are placed, and which may be supplied with air by a fan or
other suitable apparatus, and from which branch pipes Q* and Q*I run inside of
the upper belts of gill pins F F.-These branch pipes are provided inside of the
said belts with flat spouts q, q, which extend the whole width of the rows of gill-
pins, and which are directed downwards towards the openings between the
belts F, G, and F¹, G¹, so that they blow out, in a downward direction, any dust
in the fibres which are about to leave the pins of the first belts F, F¹, and cause it
to be deposited on the floor beneath the machine. The air from these blast pipes
also has the effect of assisting the discharge of the fibre from the pins. of the
belts G, G'.
I do not think it necessary to further or more particularly describe in this
specification the double catenary series of gill pins F, G, and F¹; G¹, or the details
of the mechanism for controlling the operation of said series of gill-pins, as they
constitute part of the subject matter of Letters Patent granted to me and dated
January 27th 1885, and are more fully described in the specification thereof.
I will now describe the drawing frame illustrated by Figures 5, 6, 7, 8.
A designates the main framing of the machine, having feed boards B, B, and
feed rolls C, c, C¹, c¹, at its opposite ends, and having erected upon it, close together
at the middle of its length, the drawing-heads D, D'. Over the drawing-heads are
the delivery rolls T, T*. Between the feed rolls and the drawing-heads are the
endless belts or catenary series G G¹ of gill pins moving in such directions,
indicated by arrows in Figures 5 and 7, that the operative pins of the several
series move from the feed-rolls towards the drawing heads, or in other words,.
move from the ends towards the centre of the machine.
A machine of this type might have only two endless belts or catenary series of
gill pins arranged in line with each other, and working towards the centre of the
machine, but the machine represented is a double one, having four belts of pins,
viz; two G, G, arranged side by side and running in one direction, and two G₁, GL,
side by side and in line with G, G, and running in the opposite direction, all
running towards the centre of the machine. Two of the said belts of pins G, GL,.
and two opposite drawing-heads D, D¹, working with them, draw simultaneously
a number of separate slivers from opposite ends of the machine, which slivers,
after having been drawn, are collected into a single sliver, and in that condition
delivered by one pair of delivery rolls T T* on one side of the machine, while the.
other two of the said belts of pins G, G₁, and the two opposite drawing heads
working with them, draw simultaneously a number of other separate slivers, which
are received in the same way, and which, after having been drawn, are collected
into another single sliver, and in that condition delivered by another pair of
delivery rolls T, T*, on the other side of the machine, as illustrated by Figure 8.
The several endless series of gill pins and their respective feed boards, feed rolls,
and drawing heads, in a machine of this kind, may be constructed, and operate
like those in common use in drawing frames for drawing hemp, and therefore do
not herein require any particular description. The drawing-heads D D repre-
sented are such as form part of the subject matter of the Letters Patent above
referred to dated January 27th 1885, and therefore I shall not herein particularly
describe them.
The pin-bars p p of each catenary series are represented in Figures 6 and 8 as
having their pins, 20, divided or arranged in two sets, with a space, 21, between
them, so that each belt of pins contains practically two series. The drawing
heads are represented (see Figure 8) as each having its belt s correspondingly
divided, or in other words as each having two belts 8, 8, with a space between

page_text: them, corresponding with the space 21, between the pins in the bars. The feed
board is also represented in Figure 6 as divided by partitions b, b, so that the
slivers S S supplied from the cans P, P, to be drawn by and through each belt of
pins, may be separated in such manner that certain of them will be directed to
the pins on one side of the spaces 21, in the pin bars, and the others directed
to the pins on the other side of the said space.-By this means, when a large
number of slivers are to be drawn at once, the work is properly distributed
through the gill-pins of the several chains, and the slivers are uniformly drawn.
The opposite drawing heads D D¹ have those of their respective belts s s.
which face each other, arranged so near each other, as shown in Fig. 7, that there
is just room between them for the passage of the two slivers, which have been
drawn between the said belts and their respective lower drawing rolls 77² to pass
to the delivery rolls T T*, of which there is one pair for each two facing drawing
heads D D and their corresponding belts of pins G. G¹.-These rolls T, T*, are
arranged immediately above the belts ss of their respective drawing heads, and
transversely to the drawing rolls and to the other rolls on which the said belts
run. They are supported in journal boxes arranged in standards V V erected on
the top of the framing D* of the drawing heads, and pressure is applied to the
upper ones T* by means of springs u, u. Between the belts ss of the drawing-
heads and the delivery rolls, are stationary conductors V, for the purpose of
conducting to the delivery rolls, the slivers which are received from between their
respective drawing heads D D¹, and on the outer side of each pair of delivery rolls
there is a stationary trough-like conductor W, down which the sliver collected
from the two belts of gill pins G G¹, and the two drawing heads D, D¹,
boxes N, N, or other suitable receptacles, as shown in Fig. 8.
passes to
It may be understood by reference to Figure 8, that two slivers are received
by the drawing heads from each of the catenary series of gill pins, viz., one from
the pins on one side of the space, 21, and another from the pins on the other side
of said space, one of said slivers being taken upon one belts, and the other on the
other belts of the drawing head, and that each pair of delivery rolls receives four
slivers, which are delivered as a single sliver on one side of the machine. The
feed boards and sliver cans are represented in Fig. 6 as arranged to take from each
end of the machine twelve slivers, six of which, from either side of one end, will
be combined with six from the corresponding side of the other end, to be converted
into a single sliver, there being produced two slivers, each of which is formed from
twelve slivers originally presented.
The several working parts of this machine may be driven by any suitable
system of belting or gearing. In the example represented, the lower drawing
roller r, which is common to the two drawing-heads D, D1, constitutes the main
shaft of the 'machine, and is furnished at one end with a driving pulley *,
through which it derives motion from the driving belt 72. The said shaft or roller
is furnished at the other end with a spur gear ³ and a pinion 75, the said spur gear 3
gearing with a similar gear 7 on the other drawing roller and driving the said
roller, which is common to the two drawing heads D D. The pinion 2-5
above mentioned gears with and drives a spur gear turning on a stud 77 secured
on the framing A, and this spur-gear 6 has fast to it a pinion 28, which gears with
and drives the spur-gear y, which is fast on the shaft w, which carries the
wheels X for driving the belt of gill pins G.
The said pinion 78 also gears with and drives a gear 10, which turns on a
stud secured in the framing, and which gears with and drives the spur gear y¹,
which is fast on the shaft w' of the driving wheels X', which drive the endless.
belt of gill pins G¹.
The two endless chains of gill pins drive their respective feed rolls by trans-
mitting motion to their supporting wheels H H¹, to the shafts h, h', of which, there
are secured spur gears * *1, which transmit motion through stud gears b, b', to
the gears C* C*1, which are fast on the lower feed-rolls.

page_text: The lower delivery rolls T, T, are driven by bands e', e', from pulleys 12, 12, on
the shaft of the lower drawing roll r¹, to pulleys e³, e³, on the shafts of said
rolls T, T, the said bands running over guide pulleys es, es, e, e, attached to the
framing D* of the drawing heads. The upper delivery rolls are driven by the
lower ones.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my Foreign Correspondent, I declare that what I claim is
The combination of two catenary series of gill pins set opposite each other, and
so geared as to move towards each other, with pairs of interposed drawing rollers,
a stationary conductor, and a pair of delivery rollers, in the manner and for the
purpose above set forth, whether such combination be supplemented or not by
belts for transmitting the slivers to the delivery rollers.
.
A
1
1000