Improvements in Shades for Lamps.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 17th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 4th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Shades for Lamps.
I, DAVID MEFFORD MEFFORD, of 407 Hicks Street, in the City of Toledo,
County of Lucas, State of Ohio, United States of America Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to shades for lamps either oil or electric lamps and consists
in a section or zone of translucent material applied to the glass and burned therein
in such a manner as to shade the eyes of the person sitting beside the lamp without
shading the work.
To this end in applying my invention to lamp chimneys, I apply to the chimney
a suitable band, with a proper flux and then subject the chimney to beat sufficient
to melt the flux and burn the paint into the glass.
The shade is applied in a segmental circular shape at a point which extends
about the same width as the height of the flame, and preferably about one third
of the distance around the chimney leaving a space below the shade through
which the light can fall on the work or book of the person beside the lamp,
while his head and eyes will be in the shade. All other parts of the room will
receive the full effect of the light, the shade being of a translucent material will
not cause too dark a shade at any point.
In applying it to electric lights preferably apply it in the shape of a zone
extending the length of the carbon which will allow of the light passing upward to
light the room and downward upon the desk or work of the person beside the
lamp.
In electric lights I also preferably use a metallic coating such as aluminium,
gold, silver or platinum, which will not only form a translucent shade, but will also
reflect the light downward and concentrate it upon the desk or work.
Dated the 18th of February 1892.
DAVID MEFFORD MEFFORD.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Shades for Lamps.
I, DAVID MEFFORD MEFFORD of 407 Hicks Street in the City of Toledo
County of Lucas State of Ohio United States of America, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to new and useful improvements in shades for lamps (both
oil and incandescent electric lamps), and the invention consists in the peculiar
application and arrangement upon a lamp chimney or bulb of a sectional shade,
preferably of translucent material, whereby the eyes will be protected from the
glare of the lamp and the light will flow without obstruction upon the object
beneath the plane of the lamp and yet avoid darkening the room, and at the same time
to obtain an article of manufacture which may be handled, washed and used in the
ordinary manner at a minimum of expense, all as more fully hereinafter described.
In the drawings which accompany this Specification,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an ordinary oil lamp, showing my improved shade
applied thereto.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the chimney detached.

page_text: of applying my shade.
MONICSCOTT CICOBITO amp on, showing one manner
Fig. 4 is a similar elevation, showing a modified form of applying the shade to
the bulb.
To apply my improved shade to a lamp chimney or the bulb of an incandescent
lamp I preferably proceed as follows:
A is a lamp chimney of ordinary construction; to which the shade B is to be
applied; after the chimney is blown in, the usual course of manufacture it is
taken out and cooled and such section of the chimney as the shade is to be
located upon is oiled or coated with some adhesive substance to which a finely
powdered dry paint will adhere. A stencil plate exactly fitting the form of the
chimney is then adjusted thereto exposing through suitable apertures the oiled or
coated surface upon which a finely pulverized paint mixed with a suitable flux is
then evenly dusted. This may be done by a piece of cotton batting charged with
the paint and flux, or it may be applied by means of a box having the usual
perforated cover: the stencil plate being removed the chimney will now be
provided at the desired point with a coat of the proper shape and size to form
the shade.
The chimney is now placed upright upon the metal plate or grate in a kiln and
subjected to a gradually increasing heat until it reaches a degree somewhat
higlier than required in the annealing temperature for lamp chimneys, but not
sufficiently hot to melt or soften the glass. In this heating process the flux will
melt causing the particles of paint to adhere to the surface of the glass, the
chimney being more thoroughly annealed in this process than in the ordinary
process of manufacture, and chimneys already annealed may have the shade applied
in this manner, the second annealing adding to their durability and strength.
In applying my shade to lamp, chimneys it should be applied as a zone or a zone
section located at a point upon the chimney so as to allow the light to freely pass
below and above it. For ordinary purposes it can be a section in length to equal
two fifth of the circumference of the chimney, thus giving a shade to the eyes of
the person sitting beside it and at the same time giving a perfect light downward
upon the book or other article which may be desired to be inspected by such
person, and in no way darkening the room.
The
In Fig. 1, I have shown the section which would be in the shade, all the rest of
the room being subjected to the full light as with chimneys in ordinary use.
lower edge of the shade should be at or near the lower edge of the flame and the
upper edge should be slightly above the top of the flame and the material
employed should be such as to result in a translucent section upon the chimney so
as not to cast too deep a shadow.
It is evident that the chimney may be turned around with the shade to any
desired position and that the chimney may be washed or dusted in the ordinary
manner without injuring the shaded zone.
In applying it to the electric lamp or bulb, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4; I' construct
the bulb C of a length greater than the carbon D within the lamp and apply the
shade to the bulb the entire length of the carbon and up to the socket E of the
lamp, as shown in Fig. 3, or simply apply it as a zone, as shown in Fig. 4; extending
the length of the carbon, allowing the light to freely flow above and below this
zone, the shade being in a horizontal line from the carbon..
In this application of my invention I.preferably use a coat of platinum which
not only gives a translucent covering to the glass but also acts as a reflector and
concentrates the light in a circle beneath the bulb, giving the best possible effect
and this too without very, materially darkening. the room:
Having now particularly described' and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination with a lamp chimney, or bulb, of a shade applied thereto

page_text: consisting of a zone or zone section of translucent material, substantially as
described.
2. The combination with a lamp chimney or bulb, of a shade applied thereto and
consisting of a zone or zone section of colored material burnt thereon at a point to
cast a horizontal shade, but permitting the light to flow in unobstructed oblique
upward and downward rays, substantially as described.
3. The combination with an incandescent electric lamp bulb, a carbon therein
extending less than the entire length of the bulb, a shade applied to said bulb
consisting of a zone or zone section of colored material burnt thereon, and
extending at its lower edge to a point substantially in line or slightly below the
lower end of the carbon, substantially as described.
4. As a new article of manufacture a lamp chimney having thereon a sectional
zone of colored vitrified material, substantially as described.
Dated this 17th day of December 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.