Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Ventilating or Supplying, Distributing, Mixing, or Tempering Air to or in Workshops or other Apartments or Buildings.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 4th July, 1892-Accepted, 13th Aug., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Ventilating or Supplying,
Distributing, Mixing, or Tempering Air to or in Workshops or
other Apartments or Buildings.
We JOHN ALSTON HART of Higher Bank Blackburn in the County of
Lancaster Engineer and DOCTOR CHARLES BAYNES of Knuzden House Black-
burn aforesaid Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Our invention relates to means for ventilating or supplying, distributing mixing
or tempering air to in or from workshops or other apartments or buildings.
According to our invention we provide a centrifugal fan or centrifugal fans cr
the like suitably actuated and provided with fresh air supply pipes or ducts; each
of the said fans with its duct and connections being constructed in such a manner
and being so situated as to discharge the fresh air from its circumference in a
relatively thin layer or stratum, and to project this thin layer or stratum in such
manner as to be rapidly spread over a relatively large horizontal area so that the
energy with which the aforesaid fan or fans projects or project the fresh air shall
be mainly utilized for the purpose of enlarging the horizontal area of this fresh air
stratum and for the mixing and tempering of this stratum with the adjacent
atmosphere situated in proximity to or above and below such stratum.
The height
of the fresh air discharge relative to the roof and floor levels may be such that
those parts of the aforesaid stratum of fresh air nearest to the fresh air fan or fans
and moving from the fan or fans at a relatively high speed may not directly come
into contact with and submit to excessive draught, persons or operatives present on
the floor of the building dwelling room or workshop.
We may also according to our invention construct the centrifugal fresh air fan or
fans in such manner as to cause currents of the aforesaid adjacent atmosphere to
flow immediately above and below the fresh air currents and relatively in a similar
direction for the purpose of enabling the fresh air to be projected and distributed
over a larger area and of facilitating the diffusion of such fresh air.
We may use stationary vanes or deflectors acting in combination with the fan or
fans for the purpose of suitably guiding controlling and mixing the fresh air and
the atmosphere.
We may also according to our invention arrange the fan shaft bearings in such
manner as to be enclosed in a vertical or nearly vertical tube provided with suitable
means for supplying, maintaining and controlling the distribution of the lubricating
material the end of the fan shaft having attached to it or formed in one and
revolving with it a sleeve or shell surrounding and projecting over a greater or
lesser portion of the tube which encloses the bearings; and the fan disc or wheel
with or without the means for actuating the same may be formed in one with or be
attached to the said sleeve or shell; the objects being simplicity of construction,
and to insure that the centre of gravity of the moving parts shall be more or less
below the top of the upper bearing and that the strains due to the action of the
actuating and actuated parts of the fan may be suitably distributed, upon the
bearing surfaces, and that the centrifugal action of the rotating parts of the fan
shall not spread and distribute the lubricating material upon the persons or materials
below the fan.
We may mount the disc or wheel to which the fan vanes are attached upon
either a dead or live spindle provided with suitable bearings and with suitable means
for supplying and controlling the distribution of the lubricating material so as to
prevent the said lubricating material being scattered by the centrifugal action of

page_text: the rotating parts upon persons or materials below the fan; and we may provide
suitable supports and connections for attaching the fan with its supplementary parts
to a suitable part of the building dwelling room or workshop and we may use
suitable springs or elastic mountings for supporting the bearings of the fan shaft,
or elastic connections between the fan shaft and fan wheel or disc, or we may
suitably suspend and stay the fan or fans with their accessories so that they may
adjust themselves relatively to the axis of balanced rotation of the fan.
We may provide suitable means for warming or cooling the currents of air by
contact with a coil or coils or other arrangement of pipes or other suitable means
for conducting and circulating heating or cooling medium.
We may also provide the air pipe or duct or pipes or ducts or other parts of the
apparatus with a suitable damper or dampers provided with means for automatically
operating them for the purpose of controlling the air currents and we may also
provide suitable means for supplying and controlling the moistening of the air.
In some cases we may actuate the fans by electric motors.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1891.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Ventilating or Supplying,
Distributing, Mixing, or Tempering Air to or in Workshops or
other Apartments or Buildings.
We, JOHN ALSTON HART of Higher Bank, Blackburn in the County of
Lancaster Engineer, and DocTOR CHARLES BAYNES of Knuzden House, Black-
burn, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to means for ventilating or supplying, distributing, mixing
or tempering air to, in, or from, workshops, or other apartments, or buildings.
According to our invention we provide a centrifugal fan or centrifugal fans
suitably actuated and provided with a fresh air supply pipe or duct, each of the
said fans with its duct and connections being constructed in such a manner and
being so situated as to discharge the fresh air from its circumference or from a
circumferential outlet in a relatively thin layer or stratum and to project this thin
layer or stratum in such manner as to be rapidly spread over a relatively large
horizontal or approximately horizontal area so that the energy with which the
aforesaid fan or fans projects or project the fresh air shall be mainly utilized for
the purpose of enlarging the horizontal area of this fresh air stratum and for the
mixing and tempering of this stratum with the adjacent atmosphere situated in
proximity to, or above and below, such stratum. The position of the fan discharge
relatively to the roof and floor levels is such that those parts of the aforesaid
stratum of fresh air nearest to the fresh air fan or fans and moving from the fan or
fans at a relatively high speed may not directly come into contact with and submit
to excessive draught persons or operatives present on the floor of the building
dwelling room or workshop.
Figure 1 shews in section two apartments of a building shewing air admission
passages and fans arranged according to our invention. A are the air admission pipes
led from the outer air. In the upper apartment the inlet ends of the tubes are
shewn turned down to protect them from direct air currents and rain and in
the lower apartment they are shewn turned up and provided with cowls. In each
apartment they are shewn as being led from opposite sides of the apartment so as
to ensure proper ventilation from whichever side the wind may blow. B are the
fans at the inner ends of the air pipes A the said fans being closed at top and bottom
with the exception of a central air inlet orifice at their upper side. At the periphery
:

page_text: is the outlet of the fan the blades operating so that they discharge air in the
manner aforesaid into what we term the upper stratum of the apartment. The
part at and above is presumed to be this upper stratum and that at y the inhabited
area or that in which operatives are at work which we will term the lower stratum.
The fans are arranged so that their outlets have a sufficiently extended free space
or area around them to allow the currents of air to expend, in the upper stratum,
their force in such a way as to prevent objectionable draughts in the lower
stratum.
Care the motive power shafts from which the fans are driven.
Figure 2 is a vertical section and Figure 3 is a plan of an arrangement of fan
suitable for the purposes of our invention. bis the ring which closes the top. 6² is
the disc which closes the bottom and 63 is the space between forming the discharge
at the periphery. 6 is the boss of the fan to which the blades 65 are connected by
the arms 6. In the fan shewn in these figures, the ring 6 and disc 62 are stationary
the blades moving between them. In Figure 4 we have shewn a section of a fan
in which the said ring b and disc 62 carry the blades 65 and revolve with them the
lower end of the air duct being provided with a leather or like ring d to form a
sufficient closure. e is the driving pulley secured to the boss of the fan which
revolves around the spindle f and is supported upon the nut f' secured to the
lower end of the spindle. f f are orifices from and to which lubricant flows
around the spindle.
We may also according to our invention construct the centrifugal fresh air fan
or fans in such manner as to cause currents of the aforesaid adjacent atmosphere to
flow immediately above and below the fresh air currents and relatively in a similar
direction for the purpose of enabling the fresh air to be projected and distributed
over a larger area and of facilitating the diffusion of such fresh air.
Such a fan is shewn in section in Figure 5 where at the left hand side the blades g
are shewn above and blades / below to deal with the air in this manner.
We may
use the blades either as shewn or one set only either above or below; at the right
hand side of the figure we have shewn blades below. 92 are division plates
between the blades to separate the blades g from the blades 6. At the right hand
of the figure the shape of the fan outlet as shewn without the blades / below would
discharge the air in too downward a direction but the blades / counteract this. In
the arrangement at the left hand of the figure the blades y will again counteract
the action of the blades h and assist the too downward direction of the air so
that the blades h should be made sufficiently broad as shewn to maintain the air
currents in the proper direction.
We may
also arrange the fan shaft bearings in such manner as to be enclosed in
a vertical or nearly vertical tube i (as shewn in Figure 2) provided with suitable
means for supplying maintaining and controlling the distribution of the lubricating
material shewn as consisting of an oil cup from which leads the tube opening
into an orifice leading to the footstep bearing of the spindle carrying the tan up
between which spindle and the tube i the lubricant flows. The end of the fan shaft
has attached to it, or formed in one and revolving with it a boss consisting of a
sleeve or shell surrounding and projecting over a greater or lesser portion of the
tube i which encloses the bearings. The fan disc or wheel (with or without the
means for actuating the same) may be formed in one with or be attached to the said
boss sleeve or shell, the objects being simplicity of construction and to insure that
the centre of gravity of the moving parts shall be more or less below the top of
the upper bearing and that the strains due to the action of the actuating and
actuated parts of the fan may be suitably distributed upon the bearing surfaces,
and that the centrifugal action of the rotating parts of the fan shall not spread
and distribute the lubricating material upon the persons or materials below the fan.
We may provide any suitable supports and connections for attaching the fan
with its supplementary parts securely to any suitable part of the building dwelling
room or workshop.
We may provide suitable means for warming or cooling the currents of air by

page_text: contact with a coil or coils or other arrangement of pipes or other suitable means
for conducting and circulating heating or cooling medium.
In Figure 1 we have shown for this purpose longitudinal coils k led from a
pipe for admitting steam or other heating medium and in Figure 6 we have
shown for the same purpose coils in convolutions transverse to the length of the
air pipe.
We may also provide the said pipe or duct or pipes or ducts or other parts of the
apparatus with a suitable damper or dampers provided with means for automatically
operating them for the purpose of controlling the air currents and we may also
provide suitable means for supplying and controlling the moistening of the air for
instance by jets of steam.
We do not limit ourselves to the use of any particular motive power for driving
the fans for instance we may actuate the fans by electric motors if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
1. In apparatus for the purpose of supplying fresh air to workshops, or other
apartments, or buildings, the combination of fresh air inlet terminating in what we
have termed the upper stratuin of the place to be ventilated, and there furnished
with a fan with the outlet for air therefrom around a horizontal, or approximately
horizontal, periphery, so as to deliver fresh air into the said upper stratum in a
comparatively thin layer, or film, projected horizontally, or approximately
horizontally, so as to distribute the air through a considerable area without causing
objectionable draughts in what we have termed the lower stratum, or inhabited
area, of the workshop, apartment, or building, substantially as herein before
described.
2. In an arrangement such as is hereinbefore described and claimed, the combi-
nation, with the fan, of blades situated at the upper, or lower, side, or both, for
creating currents of the air of the workshop, apartment, or building, to mix with
the fresh air being forced thereinto by the fan, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Dated this 4th day of July 1892.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.