IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING THE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES FOR MARINE AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN PADDLE WHEELS
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
JOSEPII BRAMWELL, of Millwall, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twentieth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the fifteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Frederick Joseph Bramwell, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Frederick Joseph Bramwell, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Frederick Joseph Bramwell, my exors, adññiors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,
and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING THE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES FOR MARINE AND
OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN PADDLE WHEELS;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said Frederick Joseph Bramwell, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, to be inrolled in Iler said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within

page_text: six calendar months next and immediately after the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Frederick Joseph Bramwell, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to a mode or modes of working the valves
of steam engines by means of two cranks or excentrics, or a crank and
excentric revolving at different velocities.
Secondly, to a mode or modes of working the valves of steam engines by
means of hydraulic pressure applied in suitable apparatus or machinery, or
by means of steam or other pressure, in conjunction with hydraulic apparatus,
for regulating the motion, as herein-after described.
Thirdly, to certain improvements in paddle wheels, as herein-after described.
Sheet I., Figure 1, is a front view of a steam engine fitted with my.
improved valve motion. The cylinder and slide-valve box are shewn in
section. Figure 2 is a back view, and Figure 3 is a side view of the same.
Similar letters refer to similar parts in all the Figures. A is the cylinder,
Bis the piston, and B' the piston rod; B is the connecting rod, and C the
crank; D is the framing which supports one end of the crank shaft C'; the
other end may be supported on a similar frame or on a wall; E is the slide
valve, and E' is the valve box into which the steam enters by the pipe E'; F
is the passage to the top of the cylinder, and G is the passage to the bottom of
the cylinder; H is the eduction passage; I is the valve rod, connected by the
adjustable rod I to the lever K' on the weigh shaft K. On the other end
of the weigh shaft is the lever K. The rod I' is in two pieces, screwed into
the socket I, with right and left handed screws, so that by turning the socket
the whole rod is lengthened or shortened. So far the construction of the
engine is similar to many of those heretofore in use, and is not new; but I
will now proceed to describe my improved method of working the valve. a, b,
is a lever turning upon a centre on the end of the lever K, and having a slot
or dove tailed groove at each end, or a slot a at one end, and a dovetailed
bat the other end. A block of metal slides in the groove b, and can
groove
be fixed by a screw in any required position. On this block is jointed the
end of the excentric rod L, which receives its motion from the excentric M on
the crank shaft C. On the crank shaft is fixed a toothed wheel c, which

page_text: drives pinion d, having one-third of the diameter and number of teeth of
the wheel. The pinion d carries a grooved arm c, in which a block of metal is
capable of sliding and being fixed in any required position. To this block
is jointed the connecting rod f, whose other end is jointed to a block which
is capable of sliding and being fixed in any required part of the slot a. As
the pinion d revolves at a different velocity to the excentric M, it follows that
in some positions the rod L will be ascending while the rod f is descending,
and the motion then imparted to the lever K, and consequently to the valve
E, will be very small. In other positions the motion of the rods L and f
will be in the same direction, and the motion of the valve will be very great.
By this means the valve is caused to pause or remain nearly stationary at an
intermediate portion of the stroke, and the proportions of the various parts
are so adjusted that the steam passages shall both be closed during this pause,
while the eduction passage from one end of the cylinder remains open. The
steam can thus be cut off and worked expansively without the employment of
separate expansion valves.
Sheet II. Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 are a series of Diagrams of different
positions of the various parts, which are indicated by similar letters to those
employed in the preceding Figures. In Figure 4 the piston B has just com-
menced its downward stroke, and the valve is admitting steam to the passage
F, communicating with the top of the cylinder. It will be seen that both the
rods L and fare descending, and consequently the valve E is rapidly descend-
ing and opening the passage. By the time, however, that the piston B has
made about one-third of its downward stroke, as shewn in Figure 5, the rod f
will have ascended to near the top of its stroke, and thus closed the valve,
notwithstanding that the excentric rod L has only just passed the bottom of
its stroke. As the motion continues, the various parts assume the position
shewn in Figure 6, and the valve remains very nearly stationary until the
piston approaches the bottom of its stroke. This is owing to the contrary
motion of the two rods L and f, as shewn in Figure 6. As the piston reaches
the bottom of its stroke, and begins to return again, the rods L and f both
ascend, and thus rapidly open the valve, as shewn in Figure 7, which is the
reverse position to that shewn in Figure 4. As the piston makes its upward
stroke a similar series of varying motions ensues, and the valve is opened and
closed in a similar manner. The motion may be varied so as to cut off the
steam at different parts of the stroke by shifting the positions of the blocks in
the slot a and groove b. Thus, if the end of the excentric rod L be brought
to coincide with the pin in the lever K2, on which the lever a, b, turns, the
effect will be that the motion of the valve will be entirely governed by the

page_text: excentric, as in an ordinary steam engine. The effect of the rod f in modify-
ing the excentric motion is increased either by moving the end of the excentric
rod L farther from the centre of the lever a, b, or by moving the lower end of
the rod nearer to the centre of the lever a, b, or by moving its upper end
farther from the centre of the pinion d. The lower ends of one or both of the
rods L, f, may be moved without stopping the engine, by causing the blocks
to which they are jointed to slide freely in their respective slots, and attaching
them or the rods L, f, or one of them, by a connecting rod or connecting rods,
to a lever or levers capable of being moved by hand. Or the rods L, f, may
be jointed to the lever a, b, in lieu of to sliding blocks, and the pin on the
lever K is then fitted into a block sliding in a slot or groove in the lever a, b,
which is moved by means of a hand lever and connecting rod like the "link"
in the ordinary "link motion" used in locomotive engines. When the engine
is required to be reversed, as in marine engines, it is effected by making the
excentric M and wheel d loose upon the crank shaft, and provided with stops
in such positions as to allow of a motion of one-half revolution or thereabouts
in the excentric M, and one-sixth of a revolution or thereabouts in the wheel
c, by which the pinion d is caused to make a half revolution. Although the
lever K is shewn as being connected to the bar a, b, at a point intermediate
between the two rods L and f, it may, if desired, be connected, so that both
those rods may lie on the same side of the connecting point by varying the
proportions of the parts accordingly; but I prefer to place it as above described.
When it is not required to frequently vary the degree of expansion, the various
parts may be made without the means of adjustment herein-before described, and
the slots or grooves in the lever a, b, and arm e, may be dispensed with, and the
rods L and simply jointed to the respective parts; or the arm c or lever a, b,
or both of them, may be furnished with a series of holes in which may be fixed
a pin or pins to which the rods L and f, or one of them, may be connected, so
that by stopping the engine, and shifting the pin or pins into a different hole
or different holes, the motion of the valve may be varied. The method of
giving motion to the valves of steam engines which I have just described is
also applicable to conical valves, and double-beat valves, and similar lifting
valves, as well as to slide valves.
Figure 8, Sheet III., shews a method of adapting the machinery to give
motion to four lifting valves. The lever K is set in motion in the same way
as the lever K in the preceding Figures. On its spindle or weigh shaft K is
the double lever K', which thus receives a rocking motion, and serves to raise
the valve rods X, X, Y, Y. The rod X is attached to the inlet or steam
valve on the top of the cylinder, and the rod X is attached to the inlet valve

page_text: at the bottom of the cylinder. The rod Y is attached to the eduction valve on
the top of the cylinder, and the rod Y¹ is attached to the eduction valve on the
bottom of the cylinder. In the position shewn by the black lines in the Figure
both steam valves are closed, and both eduction valves are either closed or
slightly open. When the lever K¹ reaches the position shewn by the blue lines,
the valves connected with the rods X and Y¹ will be open, and the other two
will be closed; as the lever K returns, it will first close the steam valve on
the top of the cylinder, by leaving the rod X, as shewn by the red lines, and
it will then make the pause, and keep open the eduction valve on the rod Y!
until the piston of the engine has nearly reached the bottom of the cylinder.
The lever K will then complete its motion, closing the eduction valve on the
bottom of the cylinder by leaving the rod Y', and opening the steam valve to
the bottom of the cylinder, and the eduction valve to the top of the cylinder by
raising the rods X' and Y.
Another arrangement for working the valves of steam engines, which has a
somewhat similar effect to that herein-before described, consists in the applica-
tion of an epicycloidal movement. For this purpose a toothed wheel is fixed
to the frame of the engine concentric with the crank shaft, and at the opposite
extremity of it, to that which carries the main crank of the engine. A crank
arm is also fixed on the extremity of the shaft beyond the fixed wheel, and
carries a short spindle passing through it in place of a crank pin. This
spindle is parallel to the main shaft, and carries a toothed pinion of half the
diameter of the fixed wheel, and gearing into it. The other end of the short
spindle carries a crank or excentric, or a grooved arm like the arm e on the
pinion d in Figure 2, Sheet 1, and, like it, carrying a moveable block and pin;
and this crank or pin may be called the secondary crank. As the crank shaft
revolves, this secondary crank pin describes an epicycloid varying in its form
with the length of the secondary crank, and having two cusps or nodes which
correspond with the positions in which the valve is required to pause. The
valve rod, or a rod from the weigh shaft, is therefore connected to the secondary
crank pin, and worked by it. A similar effect is produced by making the fixed
wheel with internal teeth, and placing the pinion within it; but in this case
the diameter of the pinion is to be one quarter of that of the wheel. In either
case it will be found that the pinion makes three revolutions, while the crank
which carries it makes one revolution. The crank which carries the pinion
may be carried by the main crank shaft, as above mentioned, or on a separate
shaft revolving at the same velocity as the main shaft. These arrangements do
not offer the same facility for adjustment as that first herein-before described,
which I prefer.

page_text: Secondly, my Invention consists in an improved mode or modes of moving
and regulating the motion of the valves of steam engines by means of hydraulic
apparatus, arranged as herein-after described.
Sheet III. Figure 9 is a front elevation of the hydraulic apparatus;
Figures 10 and 11 are side elevations of the same; Figure 12 is a sectional
plan; and Figures 13 and 15 are vertical sections of the same.
The same
letters refer to similar parts in all the Figures. A is a cylinder in which is
fitted the piston B, with its piston rod B' working through a stuffing box
in the cylinder cover. The piston rod 13' is jointed to a beam C, shewn in
Figure 15, to the other end of which is jointed the rod D of the valve E of
the steam engine. F is the port or passage to the top of the cylinder, and G
is the port or passage to the bottom of the cylinder. H is the eduction
passage. The joints at each end of the beam C have a little lateral play to
allow of the small angular motion of the beam, or a connecting rod may be
introduced between each end of the beam and its respective rod, or the beam C
may be dispensed with altogether, and the piston rod B' attached at once to the
valve rod D. Motion is given to the piston B by admitting water or other
liquid from an elevated cistern to the top and bottom of the cylinder A alter-
nately. I is the inlet pipe for the water, and J is the outlet pipe. K is a
hollow key cock, having an opening k in its side extending for nearly a semi-
circle, as shewn in Figure 13. It revolves in the direction of the arrow, and
at the same velocity as the crank shaft of the engine, and thus admits the
water alternately to the top and bottom of the cylinder. A recess is formed
in the side of the key K at 7, which is shewn in section in Figure 14. This
last Figure shews the position of the eduction passages and the position of the
recess, corresponding to the position of the opening k shewn in Figure 13.
The piston B in the last Figure has just completed its stroke, and the ingress
of water to the top of the cylinder and its egress from the bottom have just
been closed by the cock. The slide valve of the steam engine is therefore at
the end of its stroke, and remains there while the key K continues its motion,
and admits the water to the bottom of the cylinder. Still the piston B cannot
move, because the water which is in the top of the cylinder cannot escape
until the key k has made nearly half a revolution, when the recess opens a
communication between the top of the cylinder and the eduction pipe J, when
the piston B at once moves to the top of the cylinder, and reverses the slide
valve of the steam engine. L, L, are two rods which serve as stops to receive
the piston, and which pass through stuffing boxes in the cylinder cover. M is
a rod for a similar purpose at the bottom of the cylinder. These rods are
connected to levers L' and M', which are moved by rods I² and M², having

page_text: right and left handed screws which enter the socket N, which turns in a fixed
support or bearing. By turning the socket N, the stops. L and M can be
advanced or withdrawn so as to regulate the range of the piston B, and thus
limit the motion and opening of the slide valve. The velocity of the engine
In lieu of regulating the
may thus be regulated by turning the socket N.
engine by turning the socket N by hand, the rods L and M may be connected
to the governor of the engine, which will thus regulate itself. So far the appa-
ratus is adapted for working the slide valve of a steam engine in which the
steam is not used expansively. In order to adapt it for working expansively
the following parts are added:-0 is a second eduction pipe provided with a
cock P, by closing which this part of the apparatus can at any time be thrown
out of action. m, n, are two passages in the side of the cylinder A communi-
cating with the cock Q, in the side of the plug of which is a recess 9, similar
to that marked in the key k. The plug Q revolves at the same velocity as
the key K, and the relative position of the plug Q, with regard to the crank
of the engine, is such, that the recess 7 opens the passage i at or just before
the time that it is required to cut off the entrance of the steam. The result
of these arrangements is, that the cock K admits the pressure of the water
under the piston B, while the piston of the steam engine is commencing its
stroke; but there being no outlet for the water in the top of the cylinder, the
piston B and the slide valve remain stationary until the piston of the steam
engine has made about one quarter of its stroke, when the recess in the
plug Q allows of the escape of the water, and the piston B rises into the posi-
tion shown in Figure 15, and causes the valve E to close the passage G, while
the passage F remains open to the eduction passage H. The piston B remains
in this position until the piston of the steam engine approaches the end of its
stroke, when the recess l, in the cock K, allows the remainder of the water to
escape, and the piston B rises to the top of the cylinder, opening the passage
I to receive the steam, and connecting the passage G with the eduction passage
H. To vary the point of cutting off the steam, it is only necessary to shift
the relative position of the plug Q with regard to the key k. The plug Q
carries a bevil wheel Q, and the key K carries another equal wheel K.
Q and K are two equal bevil wheels on the intermediate shaft R. These
wheels connect the plug Q with the key K, so as to cause them to revolve at
equal velocities. The expansion may be varied by drawing one of the wheels
out of gear, and shifting it round through a space equal to one or more teeth;
and setting it in gear again, or by shifting the plug Q round in a boss in
the wheel Q', and fixing it by a set screw. To enable this operation to be
performed without stopping the engine, the shaft R is divided -in the centre

page_text: into two parts, which are united by the clutch R'. When the clutch is thrown
out of gear, the wheels Q', Q, are stopped, and adjusted as required, and again
set in motion by throwing the clutch into gear. This clutch must be made
with unequal teeth and spaces, or with only one tooth and space, or otherwise,
so that it can only fall into gear in one constant position. The wheel work is
driven by the bevil wheel S, connected by a double clutch T, with the shaft S¹,
which receives its motion from the crank shaft of the steam engine. When
it is wished to reverse the steam engine, the clutch T is thrown out of gear
with the wheel S, and into gear with the wheel K. By this means the
plug Q and key K continue to revolve in the same direction as before, while
the crank shaft of the steam engine revolves in the contrary direction. The
double clutch T must be made like the single one R', so as to fall into gear
with each wheel in one constant position only. I have mentioned that the
water to work the piston B is brought from an elevated cistern; but any
other means of obtaining a sufficient pressure of water may be adopted. Thus,
a pump connected with the steam engine may be employed to force water into
an air vessel, or into a cylinder having a piston or plunger loaded with a
weight or spring, or acted on by the pressure of air or steam.
Another mode of working the valves of steam engines consists in applying
a steam cylinder in connection with the hydraulic apparatus shewn on
Sheet III. In this case steam is admitted to and discharged from the steam
cylinder by a cock or valve, similar to the hollow key cock K, or by an
ordinary slide valve or otherwise, taking care to admit the steam at or about
the same time as the cock K admits the water to the cylinder A. By this
arrangement no head of water is required, and the same water may be passed
over and over again through the cylinder by connecting the inlet pipe I with
the two eduction pipes J and O. When the steam cylinder is used, the
opening in the key K may be dispensed with, and two simple valves, opening
into the top and bottom of the cylinder A, substituted for it. In lieu of the
steam cylinder, a weight or spring raised by the steam engine may be em-
ployed as the power for moving the valve and piston B. The form of the
cocks Q and K may be varied, and sliding valves may be substituted for them,
provided their effect in opening and closing the passages is similar to that
above described. In all these arrangements oil or other suitable liquid may
be substituted for the water, but aeriform fluids or gases are not adapted for
the purpose, as from their elasticity they would not arrest the motion of the
valve with sufficient accuracy at the required positions.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to certain insprovements in paddle wheels.
Figure 16, Sheet IV., is a vertical section in the plane of the shaft of

page_text: one of my improved paddle wheels mounted in a paddle box. Figure 17 is a
vertical section of the same paddle wheel in a plane transverse to the shaft.
The same letters refer to similar parts in both Figures. A is the shaft which
carries a drum B, made of wrought-iron plates or other suitable material; C is
an arm or axle, which is firmly fixed to the framing D of the paddle box
by means of the flange E. Two sets of separate arms or spokes F, F, F, turn
freely upon the fixed axle C, and each pair of spokes carries a float board G.
The spokes F, F, F, pass through apertures at equal angular distances in the
circumference of the drum B, and the friction is reduced by the application
to each of a small frame I, carrying four rollers and turning upon trunnions,
and carried by the drum which serves to guide the spoke; and prevent its
touching the sides of the hole; V is a portion of the side of the ship or vessel,
and W is the paddle box; X, X, is the level of the water. The effect of this
arrangement is, that the float boards are nearer together on the side I of the
wheel than they are on the side K. They gradually separate in passing
from I to K, and again approach in passing from K to I. If, therefore, the
wheel be made to revolve in the direction of the arrow, the consequence will
be that the motion of the float boards will gradually accellerate as they pass
through the water, and thus the loss of resistance due to the yielding of the
water will be counteracted or avoided by the float board following it up with
an accellerating velocity. The centre of the axle C is fixed in the same
horizontal line as the centre of the main shaft A when the vessel is afloat
in still water. This position may be varied somewhat without altogether
destroying the peculiar accellerating action of the float boards, but in no case
is the line joining the centre of the shaft A and axle C to deviate more than
forty-five degrees from the horizontal line when the vessel is afloat in still
water. The float boards do not recede within the drum, the strength of which
is but very slightly reduced by the apertures formed for the passage of the
spokes F, F, F. The immersion of the wheel is shewn in the Drawing,
and may be varied like that of the ordinary paddle wheel, but its efficiency
would be destroyed if totally immersed, and greatly diminished if half
immersed, as is the case with the ordinary paddle wheel. The drum B.
may be allowed to overhang the bearing of the shaft A in the side of the
vessel without other support, or it may have an outside bearing on an
excentric fixed on the paddle box frame D, or on the axle C, which must then
be cranked so as to bring it concentric with the drum at the point where
it passes through the drum to be attached to the frame D.
Figure 18 is a side view, partly in section, of another paddle wheel, having
similar properties to that shewn in Figures 16 and 17.
In this wheel an

page_text: open framing B is fixed on the shaft A, and the spokes F, F, F, are driven
by rods or links L, L, L, connecting their ends to the framing B, in lieu of
employing the drum B, and the roller frames H employed in the wheel,
shewn in Figures 16 and 17.
Figure 19 is a side view, and Figure 20 is a sectional plan of another
paddle wheel, in which the float boards have the accelerating motion above
described, and are also made to feather or alter their inclination to the spokes
during their action. A is the main shaft, carrying an open framing B, which
forms one side of the wheel, and a similar framing is employed for the other
side of the wheel; C is an excentric, which is fixed to the framing of the
paddle box, and a similar excentric is fixed to the side of the ship or other
vessel. The main shaft A passes through one or both of these excentrics, and
the centre of the shaft is on the same horizontal line or nearly so as the centre
of the eccentric when the vessel is afloat in still water. On each excentric
is a ring to which the spokes F, F, F, which carry the float boards G, G, G,
are jointed. One of these spokes, F, is made in one piece with the ring F¹, or
fixed firmly to it, and the spokes are all connected to the frame B by the
links L, L, so that when the frame B is caused to revolve, it carries with it
the spokes F, F, F, and the ring F¹. So far the action of the wheel would
be similar to that of the wheel shewn in Figure 18, provided the float
boards G, G, G, were fixed firmly to their respective spokes. In order, how-
ever, to cause the float boards to feather, they are mounted on spindles ou their
respective spokes, and connected by the links M, M, M, to the frame B.
By this means the inclination of the floats is made to vary during their passage
through the water, at the same time that their velocity is accelerating, and
thus the advantages of feathering float boards are combined with the advan-
tages of accelerating float boards. In fixing these various forms of paddle
wheels on vessels, care should be taken to place the centre of the excentric
on the axle C aft of the main shaft of the wheel, so that the wheel may have
its proper action when the vessel is going ahead. In going astern the action
of the wheels will be less efficient, which is, however, a matter of but slight
comparative importance.
Another mode of constructing a paddle wheel so as to obtain an accelerated
velocity in passing through the water, consists in attaching each float board
to a separate spoke or pair of spokes turning on the main shaft (in lieu of on
a separate excentric shaft), and attached to or driven by the framing of the
wheel by means of a spring or springs of steel, vulcanized caoutchouc, or other
elastic material. The concussion of each board in striking the water will thus
be relieved by the compression or extension of the spring, which will gradually

page_text: recover itself, and cause the float board to follow up the water, which yields
before it.
-
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise proportions shewn in the Drawings, as the same may be
varied; but what I claim is,
:
Firstly, the mode or modes herein-before described of working the valves
of steam engines by means of two cranks or excentrics; or a crank and ex-
centric, one of which revolves at three times the velocity of the other, as
herein-before described.
Secondly, the mode or modes herein-before described of working the valves
of steam engines by means of apparatus worked by hydraulic pressure.
Thirdly, the mode or modes herein-before described of working the valves
of steam engines by means of apparatus worked by hydraulic pressure, and
so arranged as to cause the valve to pause at an intermediate part of its stroke,
as herein-before described.
Fourthly, the mode or modes herein-before described of working the valves
of steam engines by means of steam pressure, or by the raising of a weight,
or compression of a spring, or other power, in conjunction with hydraulic
apparatus for regulating the motion, as herein-before described.
Fifthly, the mode or modes herein-before described in reference to
Figures 16, 17, and 18, of constructing and applying paddle wheels for
propelling vessels, so that the angular velocity of the float boards may
accelerate during their passage through the water, and be greater at the point
at which they leave the water than at that at which they enter it.
Sixthly, the mode or modes herein-before described in reference to Figures 19
and 20, of constructing paddle wheels so that the angular velocity of the float
boards may accelerate during their passage through the water, at the same
time that they feather or vary their inclination to the spokes.
Seventhly, the mode of constructing paddle wheels with separate float
boards, each of which is connected by a spring or springs to the general frame
of the wheel, so that each board may yield a little on entering the water and
accelerate in passing through it, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Joseph Bramwell, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
year
FREDERICK JOSEPH (L.s.) BRAMWELL.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Nineteenth day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid Frederick Joseph Bramwell came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
catión aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped accord-
ing to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.