matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN DARK LANTERNS AND SIGNAL LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Nind Hopkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1881.
ALFRED NIND HOPKINS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DARK LANTERNS AND SIGNAL LAMPS."
This Invention consists in applying to lanterns and lamps of the above named
description an automatic action of the shield or guard, by which the light is
concealed or disclosed without opening the lamp case. This, in the case of dark
lanterns, I effect in the following manner :-The shield is an inner casing in which
the light is carried, and this shield revolves upon a pin centre. Under the bottom
of the shield is a coiled spring governing its action, which spring is tightened by a
thumb piece attached to the upper part of the shield, and working in a slot through
the outer case of the lantern; moving this thumb piece round in a partial
revolution on the face of the outer case brings with it the shield into a position to
cover the bull's eye and conceal the light. To produce the reverse effect a thumb
piece above the handle of the lantern is attached to a rod, the lower end of which
operates upon the spring, so that when this thumb piece is pressed by the thumb of
the hand holding the lantern, the action of the spring is reversed, and it flies back
carrying with it the shield, and bringing round to the bull's eye the open part of
the shield, discloses the light.
In similar manner for signal lamps in which two or more coloured lights are
required, a corresponding number of openings are made in the shield, and these
openings, with the exception of one, are glazed with coloured glass, so that in action
any desired signal colour may be brought in front of the light, and thus display a
coloured or clear light as required.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED LAND ROLL AND MANURE AND SEED DISTRIBUTOR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Tulley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1881.
CHARLES THOMAS TULLEY, of Martley, in the County of Worcester. " A NEW
OR IMPROVED COMBINED LAND ROLL AND MANURE AND SEED DISTRIBUTOR."
This Invention relates to a new or improved combined land roll and manure and
seed distributor.
In carrying out my Invention I take a land roll of the ordinary construction,
with the exception that the frame of the same is so constructed as to carry the box
of a manure and seed distributor, which may be of any suitable construction; the
box of the distributor is fixed to the frame of the roll, and a certain number of the
rings or barrels are fastened to the spindle, so as to turn the same.
The manure
and seed distributor is operated by gearing, or by a band and pulley at one end of
the barrel, rings, or spindle of the roll.
By this arrangement the manure and seed can be distributed, and the land
rolled at one and the same operation, thereby effecting a saving of both time and
labor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE PRESERVING MATTRESSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gordon de Luna Byron at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1881.
GEORGE GORDON DE LUNA BYRON of Princes Square Brighton in the County
of Sussex " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE PRESERVING
MATTRESSES
"
The object of this Invention is the Construction of a Mattress which will serve
the double purposes of sleeping or resting upon, when placed in the berth of a Ship
or Vessel or as a floating Life preserver when thrown overboard in the Water in
the event of Shipwreck or other catastrophe
The improvements consist in forming the mattress proper with longitudinal bags
or sacks one attached to each of its sides, and a smaller third bag or sack trans-
versely secured to the head of the mattress to be used as a pillow, the whole of
these bags and mattress are stuffed or filled with elastic cotton manufactured
according to the method described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me
No 4697 A.D. 1881 and which is the most buoyant substance known and never
absorbs water. The material with which the bags and mattress are covered is
by preference Waterproof.
The longitudinal bags or sacks are secured to the sides of the mattress in such
a manner that when the mattress is used for the purpose of sleeping upon in
the berth of a Ship the said Bags or sacks will turn under and form an additional
elastic support for the mattress proper and so leave the top surface clear with the
exception of the pillow sack which is permanently secured to the mattress at the
head thereof.
In the event of Shipwreck or other occasion requiring the use of the Mattress as
a Life preserver the under side sacks or bags when on the Water reverse their
position from the under to the upper side of the mattress so that when one or more
persons rest upon and weigh down the mattress in the water, the two longitudinal
side sacks are brought nearer together thus forming a sort of boat which can be
propelled with the hands or a paddle conveniently placed for use
A person thus
placed upon the Mattress between the two side sacks is not only free to assume a
DJ1

page_text: variety of positions but is comparatively safe from either being washed off or
loosing his support.
The Mattress and sacks or bags herein described may be made of such width
and length that when folded together they will fit the berths of any Ship or
Vessel.
It is evident that if each Mattress is provided with couplings or attachments
a number of them secured together will when Boating form a raft capable of
supporting a number of persons and provisions
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING A RELIEF OR MATRIX ON A BLOCK OF METAL TO BE EMPLOYED AS A MEANS FOR OBTAINING PRINTS OR IMPRESSIONS THEREFROM, AND IN THE PROCESS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.”
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hamoaze Coghlan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1881.
JAMES HAMOAZE COGHLAN, Clerk in Holy Orders, of 3, Lintaine Grove,
Fulham, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING
A RELIEF OR MATRIX ON A BLOCK OF METAL TO BE EMPLOYED AS A MEANS
FOR OBTAINING PRINTS OR IMPRESSIONS THEREFROM, AND IN THE PROCESS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR.”
"
F
The object of this Invention is producing upon the surface of a peculiar metallic
composition relief impressions of pictures, designs, or subject matter, from photo-
graphic transparencies, gelatine or carbon intaglio blocks, engraved plates, or other
similar depressed surfaces.
In carrying out my Invention I prefer to use a metal known as "Spence's" metal,
which is fusible at a low temperature, of fine texture, and capable of receiving
minute and delicate impressions.
In order to render this metal (which is very brittle) suitable for the purpose of
carrying out the object of my Invention, I toughen it by adding thereto in its fusible
state marine glue or other substance equally suitable.
This compound, when dissolved, I pour on to a photo-transparency or other
smooth surface upon which intaglio designs have been formed; the sides of the
said transparency or other plate being first surrounded with a frame or box
which will prevent the metal leaving the plate until it is set.
It will be found on removing the metal from its mould when set and hard that
the surface of the same, which has been in contact with the negative transparency
or other plate, will have received in relief an impression therefrom combining the
most pronounced together with the finest and most delicate tones forming the
subject of the picture on the photo transparency or other intaglio surface.
The picture, design, or subject matter thus standing out in relief upon the metal
block can be transferred by the ordinary process of mechanical printing on to sheets
of paper, the paper and ink I prefer to use being similar in character to those
used in the Woodbury process of printing, with this exception, that the ink should
not contain so much grease.
The pictures and transfers thus produced are perfect positive copies of the negative
from which the metal cast was taken, and are equally durable as engravings or other
prints taken off metal plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MIXTURE YARNS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Blackburn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1881.
WILLIAM BLACKBURN, of Clarence Mills, Cleckheaton, in the County of York,
Worsted Spinner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MIXTURE
YARNS."
This Invention relates to yarns composed of wool or fibres of different colors
known as mixture yarns, and the object of this my Invention is to secure a perfect
and complete admixture of the variously colored fibres so as to avoid the
irregularities & imperfections of mixture resulting in what are known as as
46 spears."
The process of manufacture of such yarn as heretofore was by arranging the
slivers, say, three of black and two of white, side by side, and the ends of these
would pass into the gill box, afterwards to a second gill box, thence to a doubling
frame, and so on to the opening frame. In all these processes the draught was
from the ends of the fibres, which, as supplied to the gill boxes, lay side by side,
that is to say, parallel slivers, and so the various colors never became thoroughly
mixed and blended, but more or less cloudy yarn and pieces resulted.
According to this my said Invention the process and apparatus I employ is
firstly to ball or wind the slivers of different colors on bobbins or other receptacles
suitable for feeding a combing machine, having revolving or travelling main comb
onto which the ends of the slivers or into the uipping and detaching jaws of which
the ends of the slivers are fed, and from which tufts are successively detached. It
will be seen that if tufts were detached from, say, four slivers, two of white and
two of black, and then deposited upon a travelling comb, that before other tufts
could in like manner be detached and deposited the comb would have moved, its
position would be changed; and the second deposit would not be in like order in
relation to the first tufts, black and white would be laid one upon another, and by
the drawing off rollers become mingled and draughted one with the other, and in
the subsequent operations of gilling, doubling, and spinning become thoroughly
incorporated and mixed, producing yarn and pieces entirely free from spears or
other irregularities of shade or colour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL LIGHT APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas De Banzie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1881.
EDWARD THOMAS DE BANZIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL LIGHT APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC
PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of lamps or artificial
light producing apparatus for photographic purposes, and is particularly designed to
enable full length portraits, or groups, to be taken by means of such light, and that
without producing the shadows, or strongly contrasting light and shade, which has
usually been an objectionable feature of pictures taken by artificial light.
The improved lamp or apparatus comprises a box-like framing with glass front
and sides, and with a sheet-metal or wooden back panel hinged to one side for
convenience of opening, and fitted with a small door or opening for lighting the
burners which are placed inside. The bottom and top of the lamp framing are
inclined or sloped, diverging outwards from the back panel to give a downward
slope for the bottom, and an upward slope for the top part, the bottom being
preferably hinged or jointed at the centre and curved in. To the back part of the
side framing, side flaps or panels are hinged or fitted capable of being moved to
any desired angle to allow the light to pass direct or be reflected from them on to
the sitter. The back part and top and bottom of the lamp are also made to act as
reflectors of the light, being coated or covered with suitable reflecting surfaces for
this purpose; and the sloping of the latter parts being such as to allow the direct
light to shine on the sitter from head to foot; the bottom part being capable of
swivelling on its hinged centre also to throw the light direct or by reflection on to
the sitter.
The lamp is fitted with one or more burners, on which magnesium or the
substance known as heliopyre is burned, there being by preference two or three
burners, or even more in large sizes of lamps, and these burners are fitted at
different heights from the floor of the lamp, and in different planes, that nearest
the head being by preference highest, so that the light may fall in parallel or
nearly parallel rays on the sitter. A chimney flue is provided for the escape of

page_text: the fumes resulting from the combustion of the heliopyre, and gratings or
perforations are formed in the bottom part, preferably at the sides for the escape
of unconsumed particles or ash, and for the adinission of air.
The lamp or apparatus when in use is fitted on a table or stand, on about a level
with the sitter's head, and by reason of the special construction of the lamp with
inclined and reflecting surfaces, equally diffused light is shed over the sitter from
head to foot.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING 'MIDDLINGS' AND OTHER CRUSHED OR BROKEN GRAIN OR SEEDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Smith Sutcliffe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1881.
JAMES SMITH SUTCLIFFE, of Bacup, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING 'MIDDLINGS' AND
OTHER CRUSHED OR BROKEN GRAIN OR SEEDS."
This Invention relates principally to that class of apparatus known to flour
millers as "middlings purifiers," the object of such apparatus being to remove from
the "middlings" the coarse and light particles of "fluff" or "offal" contained
therein.
The coarse middlings are fed from a spout or hopper onto the upper end of a
slightly inclined reciprocating or oscillating sieve, actuated by any convenient
mechanism.
The coarse particles which cannot pass through the sieve are carried to the lower
end thereof by the oscillating motion, and fall through a convenient discharge
outlet into a hopper and are carried away. The finer parts fall through the sieve
onto a plane surface beneath (conveniently inclined) which oscillates with the sieve,
and are carried down to an opening at the lower end, whence they are discharged
into the open mouth of a hopper.
.
This hopper communicates with the upper end of a vertical cylinder, at the top
of which is mounted a fan which draws air from a hole at or near the bottom or
sides of the cylinder, and drives it and the light particles of "fluff" or "offal,"
attracted by the current, away through a suitable outlet passage.
The middlings fall downwards through the cylinder, their fall being broken by a
series of fan like beaters on a vertical central shaft within the cylinder, which shaft
also carries the fan above.
The vanes of these beaters are so inclined to the plane of their revolution that
they also serve to draw the air upwards through the bottom or other opening above
referred to, at the same time that they keep the middlings partially in suspension
while the lighter particles are being separated therefrom.
Above each of these beaters is an inverted conical flange on the cylinder, which
tends to throw the middlings into the central part of the apparatus. One or more
of the vanes of the lowermost beaters is continued to the bottom of the cylinder in
order to drive the purified middlings through an outlet hole in the bottom.

page_text: The shaft which carries the beaters is driven from below the cylinder by a bevel
wheel gearing with a similar wheel on a short shaft actuated by pulleys from the
shaft which imparts the oscillating motion to the sieve, or it may be driven in any
other convenient manner.
The sieve may be lengthened and more than one vertical cylinder may be
arranged below the same, and by altering the fineness of the sieve above each
cylinder the purified middlings will be divided into different degrees of fineness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFIN HANDLE MOUNTS, APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Appleford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1881.
WILLIAM GEORGE APPLEFORD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFIN HANDLE MOUNTS, APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention has for its object improvements in the mounts for sustaining the
handles of coffins, whereby the coffin is lifted and moved about, and has particular
reference to that class of handles which turn outwards at their pivots.
Hitherto such outside pivot handles have been sustained by two separate staples
or plates, or by one plate and two end staples with wood screws or shanks, or split
shanks cast into the metal. These fastenings have been defective either in the case
of coming loose easily, otherwise a large number of screws have been required in
fixing these fittings, which occupy much time.
Now according to my Invention I sustain these outside pivot handles with one
plate, which may be firmly fastened at its two extremities by two screws, i.c., one
at each end, but of course three or more screws, shanks, or split shanks may be used
in superior furniture. In carrying out my Invention I make a plate a little longer
than the length of the handle when measured over the extremities of the handle i.c.,
unless the pivots of the handle project beyond the plate, at the back of which I
form two recesses, one for each pivot. These recesses are open at the back, so that
the handle pivots will drop in. Now it will bo evident that such outside pivot
handles could not in the case of flat plates be put into position, but I leave an
opening or openings in the plate, which enables me to thread the handle through
into the pivot recesses before the plate is screwed on to the coffin. After it is
screwed into position it cannot possibly come loose, because the side of the coffin
keeps it in position.
In other cases I make a plate which is completely cut away on one side to carry
the handles, so that no impediment is presented in placing the handle in its position
before securing the plate to the coffin.
Of course it will be readily understood that the general design and ornamentation
of these mounts may be vastly varied, still keeping in view the necessary provision
before explained for carrying a handle from one plate, so that the handle may be
cast separately from the plate, and may be brought into the required position
without any fitting, i.e., the two castings are complete in themselves for coffin or
other similar handles having outside pivots, which have hitherto presented so much
difficulty that inside pivoted handles have been used more than they otherwise
would, though their shape is not nearly so favourable in practical use.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Shelverton Frost at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1881.
WALTER SHELVERTON FROST, of Peckham, in the County of Surrey.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS."
"
IMPROVE-
This Invention consists in a simple construction of lock. In the box of the
lock I fit a pin or tube, on which I place loosely one or more discs; the bolt is
guided in the box by any suitable means, and is formed with a curve or curves
thereon, into one of which curves a part of the circumference of the disc or discs
take in order that the bolt cannot be pushed back without the key. The disc or
discs have each a slot therein extending to their periphery, and the bolt has also a
slot, so that when the key is inserted and turned it turns the disc or dises round,
and the ward of the key takes into the slot in bolt and pushes it backward or
forward, as the case may be, either to lock or unlock the other curve now fitting
over the disc or discs (in the event of there being two curves) on the bolt.
In order to complicate the lock, so as to make it more secure against picking, I
propose to form the bolt of a series of plates with the key slots cut different lenths
in each to correspond with wards on the key; or a projection may be formed on
the disc or discs, so as to perform the office of the ward or wards of a key.
In order to construct locks with radial bolts, such as are employed to lock
railway carriage doors for example, the bolt is mounted on a pin, so that when the
disc or discs are turned by the key the ward of same takes into the slot in the bolt
and causes it partly to revolve on the aforesaid pin, the bolt being formed with
suitable curves coming over the circumference of the disc, so as to lock it in position,
as in the former case.
For railway locks as at present in use, actuated with square or other shaped keys
without wards, I form a projection on the disc or discs to perform the office of the
ward or wards of the key.
The above is applicable for locking purposes generally, and may be made with
a knob so as to be turned without a key, thus forming a locking fastener.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTERS' INK, ALSO APPLICABLE AS A GREASE FOR LEATHER, AS AN ENGRAVER'S GROUNDING, AND AS STAMPING OR MARKING INK
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT Peter Jensen, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PRINTERS' INK, ALSO APPLICABLE AS A GREASE FOR LEATHER, AS AN
ENGRAVER'S GROUNDING, AND AS STAMPING OR MARKING INK." A commu-
nication from abroad by Hermann Günther, of Berlin, Germany.
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1881.
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTERS' INK, ALSO APPLICABLE AS A GREASE
FOR LEATHER, AS AN ENGRAVER'S GROUNDING, AND AS STAMPING OR MARKING
INK." (A communication from abroad by Hermann Günther, of Berlin,
Germany.)
The main object of this Invention is to produce a black printers' ink from a
mixture of substances which heretofore have mostly not been applied to this
purpose.
The ingredients of the ink are the following:-Firstly, pitch or asphalt ;
secondly, anthracene oil (green oil), or the heaviest or least easily boiling parts of
tar oil; thirdly, an aniline colour (blue, violet, or other) soluble in alcohol; fourthly,
a lubricating soap, which can best be made of train oil; and, fifthly, the best never
drying Greenland train oil.
The materials are intimately mixed by stirring at a temperature of 140° to
176° F.
In order to weaken the disagreeable smell of the anthracene oil or green oil it is
exposed to the influence of free chlor at a temperature of more than 212° F.; or it
is treated hot with an energetic oxydizing agent, such as nitric acid. By this means
[Price 71

page_text: the starch bases in the oil are probably bound, and the badly smelling combinations
formed into such of weaker smell; the anthracene oil is then boiled with 5°/
chloride of copper, in order to give its brown colour a darker hue.
The following proportions have been found very suitable, but may be varied
according to circumstances:-45 parts prepared anthracene oil (that is, boiled with
chloride of copper), 40 of pitch or asphalt, 10 of soap, 5 to 8 of train oil, all according
to the season, and 3 to 15 of dry aniline colour soluble in alcohol.
The prepared anthracene oil combined with 15% or more of train oil, and which
is heavier than water, is an excellent grease for leather, and used for boots increases
their durability at least double, preventing also the entry of water into the leather.
When used for soles of boots it prevents the clogging or balling of snow under them,
and thus prevents slipping on ice.
It is also useful as an engraver's grounding, and for stamping or marking with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE-BOXES FOR TRAMWAY CARS, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND ANALOGOUS VEHICLES.”
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert McIntosh, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, and John Wright, of Kingston-upon-Hull, in the County of the
same Town, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE-BOXES FOR
TRAMWAY CARS, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND ANALOGOUS VEHICLES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert McIntosh and Johu
Wright at the Oilice of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October
1881.
ROBERT MCINTOSH, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, and
JOHN WRIGHT, of Kingston upon Hull, in the County of the same Town.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE BOXES FOR TRAMWAY CARS, RAILWAY CARRIAGES,
AND ANALOGOUS VEHICLES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in axle boxes for tramway cars,
railway carriages, and other vehicles, has for its object to reduce to a minimum the
friction of the journals of the wheel axles in rotating in their axle boxes.
In order to carry out this object the axle box is constructed with a cylindrical
interior accurately bored or turned, and contained within this is a circular cage or
framework, in which are carried the bearings of a series of cylindrical rollers
arranged in a circle. The journals of the axles are also made cylindrical, and their
diameter is such that they pass into the circle represented by the distance apart of
two of the interior portions of the peripheries of two diametrically opposite rollers
of the series.
When rotating, the cylindrical axles of the tramway cars or other vehicles
revolve against the inner portions of the peripheries of the several cylindrical
rollers, and these being pressed in succession against the cylindrical interior of the
axle box cause the whole cage of cylindrical rollers also to be rotated; thus, as the

page_text: whole bearing surfaces are continuously relatively moving surfaces, the friction is
reduced to a minimum. The axle box is formed with a recess in front, which
contains a plate bolted or otherwise fixed to the axle box, for the purpose of
retaining the cage of cylindrical rollers in its proper position. The axle box is also
formed with guides for maintaining it in the proper position between the horns of
the car or carriage framing, and it is also formed with a wing at each side for
receiving the bearing of the spring. A plate is also placed in guides in the axle
box enclosing the end of the axle, and a light cover of sheet iron or equivalent
material is placed on the outside, and being preferably held in place by the
combined action of its own elasticity and a screw, bolt, or stud.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRY GAS METERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Haldane at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1881.
WILLIAM HALDANE, of Edinburgh, in the County of Midlothian, North Britain,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRY GAS METERS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction of dry gas
meters, has for its object mainly to dispense with the slide valves for the inlet and
outlet of gas in this class of gas meters, whereby the wear and leakage of such
valves as well as the friction due to their working are got rid of, and a more
accurate measurement of the gas obtained. Another object also is to prevent the
sticking of such valves which frequently occurs in dry meters, wherein slide valves
are used, through tarry and other condensible matter accumulating about them and
their connections.
The foregoing objects are effected by the employment of vertically acting valves,
which are raised from or lowered to their seats in the inlet and outlet chambers by
means of horizontal or vertical cams, or their equivalents acting upon levers,
one of which is attached to each valve spindle. The cams, or their equivalents, are
driven from the central or crank spindle, preferably by a chain of spur gearing
situated below the valve plate, a stuffing box or boxes being provided around the
spindle to prevent the gas flowing from the inlet to the outlet chamber, or vice versa.
Each chamber contains four separate valves, each of which has its own passage,
either an inlet passage or an outlet passage, and each set of four valves is contained
in a separate chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA RUBBER AIR PUMP AND OTHER ENGINE VALVES TO PROTECT THEM FROM THE ACTION OF ACIDS AND HEAT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morcombe Bromley Baker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1881.
JOHN MORCOMBE BROMLEY BAKER, of 144, The Grove, Hammersmith, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA RUBBER
AIR PUMP AND OTHER ENGINE VALVES TO PROTECT THEM FROM THE ACTION
OF ACIDS AND HEAT,"
I cover the ordinary india rubber valve with asbestos, either in the shape of
powder, paper, cloth, fibre, or any other preparation of the same; or I sometimes
also combine during the manufacture of such valves the material asbestos with the
india rubber of which such valves are composed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING CORN AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1881. A communication
from Wilhelm Hartmann of Geisa in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH of the Firm of Wirth and Company Patent Solicitors at
Frankfort on the Main in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MILLS FOR GRINDING CORN AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS." A communication
from Wilhelm Hartmann of Geisa in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention relates to improvements in mills or apparatus for grinding corn
and like materials. The grinding parts consist of two dises one of which rotates,
and they are provided with grinding surfaces as follows, that is to say, I take a number
of small stamped strips of sheet steel which I secure together and after they have
been planed or smoothed the surface of this bundle of strips is cut in the same
way as an ordinary file is cut and I prefer the cutting to be effected in such a
manner that the upper edges of the separate teeth will be like the teeth of a saw.
The position of the teeth should be modified according to whether the speed is to
be quick or slow.
After these steel strips have been bent they are hardened, and thus prepared, aro
arranged within a smoothly turned groove in the discs and held down therein by
means of rings.
The rotating disc turns loosely around a fixed axle and there is a driving pulley
upon the nave of this disc. The said axle serves at the same time to connect a
wall bracket with the stationary disc.
I also provide an adjusting arrangement for ensuring finer or coarser grinding.
The pressure exerted by the corn upon the revolving disc is sometimes very great,
and in order not to lose any power thereby, through the friction, the face of the
nave of the revolving disc is, caused to run against a guiding roller which is
capable of turning upon a pivot. This pivot is screwed into clamping gear, which
may be worked backward and forward upon a screw threaded pivot. In order to
be able to fasten the clamping gear upon the screw, it is split, and is drawn
together by means of a clamping screw. As the guiding roller is made large
proportionately to the face of the nave, it does not revolve too rapidly.
The above described manner of fastening the stationary disc or mill stone with
the small wall bracket provides, without any alteration whatever, means for
fastening the stationary disc and also the whole mill upon a pedestal or support
when it is not possible or desirable to fasten it to a wall.
AN IMPROVED TUBE EXPANDER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Allix at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1881.
"
GEORGE ALLIX, of 40, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Engineer. AN
IMPROVED TUBE EXPANDER."
This Invention relates to an improved tube expander, composed of a radial
slotted solid edged washer or plate, in the slots of which the required number of
rollers are fitted, and are forced towards the outer ends of the slots by a tapered
plug or rod to the desired distance.
The rollers have each an annular groove or recess to engage in the slots, the
shoulders resting against the washer, which also keeps them in position. An
annular groove may be arranged in the inner-face of the washer, to serve as a
guide.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BISCUIT BOXES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO SOUP TUREENS, BUTTER COOLERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Pinder at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1881.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BISCUIT BOXES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO SOUP
TUREENS, BUTTER COOLERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
JAMES PINDER, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manufacturer.
My Invention relates to improvements in biscuit boxes, and it is also applicable
to soup tureens, butter coolers, steak dishes, and other similar articles which require
covers; and it refers more particularly to the arrangement of the joints of the
partially rotating lids or covers of such dishes, having for its object simplicity of
construction.
It consists in so arranging the specified parts that both halves of the partially
rotating lid or cover of such dishes are carried on the same axis, one being fixed on
each side of the body of the box, and so arranged that they cannot rotate beyond
the required position.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to a biscuit box for example, the half
lids or covers of which are made to fall back and pass under the body of the box, I
attach a short stud in a central position to each side of the box, which constitute
the axes or pins on which the half covers work.
The ends of the covers represent segments of a circle, the small or inner end by
the axis being rounded and provided with a hole corresponding to the diameter of
the axis or stud, and on which it fits and turns. The outer cover is provided in
addition with an overhanging shoulder or projection, and so constructed that when
the covers are closed the edge of the one will abut against the edge of the other,
and not pass over or in front of it as it otherwise would do. The outer ends of
the studs or axles fit into a suitable frame or standards, and support the body
of the box in the desired position. An ornamental knob may be screwed into the
end of the stud, and serve to tighten up the joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FINISHING NUTS, BOLTS, AND SCREWS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pickles Binns at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1881.
JOSEPH PICKLES BINNS, of Halifax, in the County of York, Nut and Bolt
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FINISHING NUTS, BOLTS, AND
SCREWS."
The object of this Invention is to simplify the construction of machinery for the
above purposes, and to render the saine machine, by means of interchangeablo parts,
applicable for facing or finishing both nuts, bolts, and screws.
The machine consists of a hollow mandril, mounted in suitable bearings, and
provided with fast and loose pullies. One end is screwed in the usual manner to
receive a chuck or face plate.
Within the hollow mandril is a loose spindle of such diameter as to fit the
interior thereof sufficiently tight to revolve along therewith.
The spindle is prolonged beyond the tail of the mandril and has a separate
bearing it also carries a toothed or ratchet wheel. For nuts the spindle projects
slightly beyond the face plate and is reduced in diameter and screwed to receive
the nut. The spindle for bolts and screws is shorter by about the length of the
screwed portion of the bolt and is tapped to receive the end thereof. The spindle
may be inade reversible and adjustable, one end being adapted for nuts and the
other for bolts and screws.
The mandril revolves in the same direction as an ordinary lathe carrying the
spindle with it, and a nut or bolt is screwed on or into the spindle, the action of
the cutting tool binding it firmly against the face of the mandril.
As the nut or screw binds against the face of the mandril it draws the spindle
forward and causes the ratchet wheel, which is fast thereto, to bind against the
other end of the mandril, so that the spindle and mandril become firmly united.
When surfaced the spindle is stopped by catch or other means, and the mandril
continuing to revolve looses the bolt or nut, which can be readily removed without
stopping the machine,
For dressing bolts or screws on the underside a chuck is screwed on to the
mandril and the bolt or screw inserted therein with the screwed portion outwards.

page_text: The screwed portion enters a bush in the slide rest by which it is steadied whilst a
cutting tool surfaces the underside of the head.
The slide rest is compound and provided with two upper portions, one for holding
the tool for finishing the outer surfaces and the other for holding the bush and
tool for facing the undersides of bolts and screws.
UMBRELLAS."
Year: 1881

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Jules Minière at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1881.
JULES MINIÈRE, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris.
UMBRELLAS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention consists in improvements in the umbrellas which have already
formed the object of my earlier Patents.
My improvements relate more particularly to two essential points.
1. The closing action, for closing the umbrella with one hand.
2. The special shape of the ribs. They are described in the following Specification,
and with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Figs. 1 & 2 are two sections at right angles of the umbrella stick and of the
closing mechanism.
The automatic closing of the umbrella is always effected by one hand by means
of a metal wire F placed inside the stick, and which must be pulled in order to
release the sleeve. This draw-wire is slightly curved at a about 15 centimeters
from the lower end, and projects from the stick at b, under the moveable sleeve or
ferrule v, which has at this place a border c into which projects freely the hook b
of the metal wire. The stick is provided with a vertical slit d for the purpose of
allowing the motion of the wire F necessary for opening and closing the umbrella.
At the upper end this wire F is attached to a cross head, shown separately in
section by Fig. 3, in plan by Fig. 4, and in eud view by Fig. 5. This cross-head is
formed by a metal plate e provided at each end with a tenon f, to which is riveted
a head g, these two heads project from each side of the stick while sliding along
the latter. The plate e has in the centre a recess h, where the upper end or loop i
of the draw-wire F is held. The umbrella stick is provided with two slits j, j³, placed
diametrically opposite each other, and at right angles to the two small flat
springs k, k, which retain the umbrella in its position when it is once opened. The
n
...

page_text: No text detected.
ARMENGAUD, Jeune,
of Paris,
Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23,
Civil Engineer,
Witness.
JULES MINIÈRE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROOFING TILES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Cardwell Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1881.
RICHARD CARDWELL ROBINSON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROOFING TILES."
This Invention has reference to the mode of forming the projection or nib by
which the tile is held or suspended from the battens or crosstimbers usually
provided across the rafters of a roof, and consists in the employment of apparatus
whereby the head portion of the tile and the nib or projection may be produced
prior to the formation of the body of the tile. The clay is expressed through a die
in the ordinary manner, the formation of the nib and head of the tile being
effected by placing opposite the mouth of the die a hollow stop, which also answers
as a mould, into which the clay as it exudes from the die is pressed. The mould
or stop is provided with a suitably shaped recess corresponding with the form of
the nib to be produced.
When the head portion of the tile and the nib have been formed, the stop or
mould may be moved either sideways, or turned over vertically, or otherwise
removed. The clay is then forced through the die in the ordinary manner until a
sufficient length has exuded to form the body of the tile, the stream of clay being
then cut through by means of a knife or other suitable cutting apparatus.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING BOATS AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Agnew Pope at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1881.
" IMPROVE-
WILLIAM AGNEW POPE, of Cannon Street, in the City of London.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING BOATS AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS."
My Invention, which relates more particularly to apparatus for propelling
pleasure boats and other small boats and similar vessels, has for its object
dispensing with the use of oars or sculls, and obtaining increased command over
the boat or other vessel to be propelled, and it consists in the use of a screw
propeller driven by manual power by means of pedals or treddles similar to a
bicycle or other velocipede. In carrying out my Invention I arrange the shaft
carrying the screw propeller by preference at the stern of the boat. (it may however
be otherwise arranged if desired), and I impart motion to the same by means of a
worn and worm wheel, or as I prefer, by level or other suitable gearing from a crank
shaft fitted with pedals and mounted in bearings, so as to be conveniently worked
by the feet of the boatman or other person seated above the crank shaft. The
speed of the boat may be regulated by varying the relative sizes of the wheels
employed for driving the propeller shaft, whilst the steering of the boat may be
effected by the boatman or other person in charge (whose hands are at liberty)
by means of rods or cords attached at one end to the tiller, and at the opposite ends
to handles conveniently arranged in front of the driver. For large vessels tbe
number of pedals may be increased, and the driving mechanism suitably modified
to enable two or more men to work at the same time.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO GOVERNORS OR BRAKES, APPLICABLE FOR USE IN STEAM TRAM CARS, STEAM ENGINES, AND OTHER MACHINERY.”
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Herbert Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1881.
JOHN HERBERT HUGHES, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO GOVERNORS OR BRAKES, APPLICABLE FOR USE IN
STEAM TRAM CARS, STEAM ENGINES, AND OTHER MACHINERY.”
The chief danger of using steam carriages on common roads and tramways is the
liability to excessive speed. My Invention consists in a governor and apparatus
so arranged that the instant the carriage exceeds the speed to which the governor
is set the brake is applied automatically. The governor can be of any ordinary
description, and is designed to turn a circular, slide, or other valve, which admit,
steam into a small cylinder which works the main valve of the brake cylinder
The machinery which I have designed to do this is as follows:-The brake is
actuated by a piston rod and piston in a single acting steam cylinder. When the
brake is off, the piston is at the bottom of its stroke, the lower side open to the
exhaust by a side passage opening into a chamber (hereafter called the upper
chamber) at the other end of the cylinder, and separated from the cylinder by a
false cover.
The upper end of the cylinder is always open to the atmosphere
through a hole at the side of the cylinder at the top. In the upper chamber is a
piston valve with a long hollow rod working in stuffing boxes, and opening at its
upper end into a steam chest. This piston valve is worked by a small intermediate
cylinder and piston, whose valve is controlled by the governor.
Whenever the governor runs at sufficient speed to open the valve of the inter-
mediate cylinder the piston valve is raised, letting steam into the bottom of the
main cylinder and closing the exhaust thereof. The piston instantly rises, putting
on the brake, and if desirable, governing the main engine also. The moment the
speed slackens sufficiently to reverse the intermediate cylinder's valve, the piston
valve is forced down into its seat, the exhaust is opened, aud the counterweighted
or counterspringed brake piston flies back, taking off the brake.
In some cases I arrange the piston valve so as to be an equilibrium valve, and
then work it direct from the governor and may alter its position in regard to the
brake cylinder so as to place the valve at the acting end. Although I have
described the Invention as worked in a vertical position, it will probably in most
D
027

page_text: cases be worked horizontally or inclined. The main desiderata being, first, the
immediate opening and closing of the main valve so as instantly to put on or take
off the brake when the velocity of the machinery changes; second, by counter-
weighting the brake to do with a single acting engine; third, to arrange the valves
so that the governor has little to perform. This is done by the use of an inter-
mediate cylinder or a perfectly balanced valve.
The Invention is applicable for any machinery where a brake has to be promptly
applied by a mechanical governor.
AN IMPROVED CLASP OR FASTENING FOR MEMORANDUM AND OTHER BOOKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Newbery and
John Frederick Bennet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 29th August 1881.
GEORGE WILLIAM NEWBERY, of Angel Court, Golden Lane, and JOHN FREDERICK
BENNET, of South Hackney, both in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
CLASP OR FASTENING FOR MEMORANDUM AND OTHER BOOKS."
The object of this Invention is to construct clasps or fastenings for memorandum
and other books, so that when anything extra is put in the said book it shall
expand" or "give," and especially this Invention is applicable for memorandum
books, as at present an india rubber band is used, which very soon wears out.
"
One way of carrying out this Invention is to make the clasp or fastening of wire
bent spirally and fixing to one end thereof one of the plates that are attached to
the book, the other end being so formed as to clasp the other cover of the book,
thus forming an expanding clasp.
Another way of carrying out this Invention is to form the clip piece of springy
metal arched to allow of play, so that when anything extra is inserted in the
book the metal will have a tendency to bend straight, and thus expand the clasp.
According to a modification of the above, I suitably fix a piece of springy wire to
the edge of the cover of the book so that the clip piece may take on to it and
allow the clasp to "expand" or "give."