IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING STONE, ORE, QUARTZ, OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ellison, of Cawthorne, near Barnsley, in
the West Riding of Yorkshire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING STONE, ORE,
QUARTZ, OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES,”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ellison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1873.
I, JOHN ELLISON, of Cawthorne, near Barnsley, in the West Riding
of Yorkshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING STONE,
ORE, QUARTZ, OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is principally to break stone into pieces
suitable for making or repairing roads (ordinarilly called "road metal"),

page_text: but it is equally applicable for breaking or crushing stone for other
purposes; and also for crushing mineral ores, quartz, and other hard
and brittle substances.
The Invention consists principally in the use for such purposes of a
vertical cylinder corrugated, fluted, or toothed internally in combination
with a solid cone placed (also vertically) within the same, and either
fluted, corrugated, toothed, or plain, the one being mounted slightly
excentric to the other, and one only (by preference the cylinder) being
driven; the other is mounted in such a way that it can revolve by the
action of the stones, but has no direct motion given to it. The cylinder
may be either made or cast all of one piece, or it may be made in
sections; but I prefer to make it of an external cylinder cast in one
with a rim of external teeth forming a worm wheel, into which gears a
worm which drives it with a slow powerful motion. This cylinder is
mounted and revolves in plates fixed in the frame at top and bottom,
and is provided with internal sections keyed or otherwise fixed in the
outer cylinder, and revolving with it, and formed with vertical flutes or
corrugations, or with teeth or projections of any suitable shape.
The cone may be either cast solid with a journal at top and bottom,
or it may be made in sections or rings mounted upon a fixed vertical
shaft, which latter is provided with a collar which is recessed into and
supports the lowermost section or ring. This cone is so mounted out of
the centre that its circumference is nearer at one point to the internal
circumference of the cylinder, and the amount of excentricity can be
increased or diminished at pleasure to suit the nature of the work to be
performed by the machine.
The stones are fed in at the top at that part where the opening between
the cone and cylinder is widest, and the revolution of the latter will
gradually draw them in between the two surfaces towards the narrowest
part, and at the same time exert a powerful crushing action upon them.
The stones as they are broken gradually fall down until they are broken
small enough to fall out at the narrow opening between the bottom of
the cylinder and the cone.
By raising up the cone this opening will be diminished, and by
lowering it the opening will be increased in width, and thus the size of
the stones delivered may be regulated.

page_text: The cone (or the sections of which it is composed) may either be made
with a plane surface or it may be corrugated, fluted, or toothed in various
ways, according to the nature of the material under operation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Ellison in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th January 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ELLISON, of Cawthorne, near Barnsley, in the West Riding of Yorkshire,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Ellison, Her special license that
I, the said John Ellison, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said John Ellison, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING STONE, ORE, QUARTZ, OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Ellison,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Ellison, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :—

page_text: The object of this Invention is principally to break stone into pieces
suitable for making or repairing roads (ordinarilly called "road metal "),
but it is equally applicable for breaking or crushing stone for other
purposes; and also for crushing mineral ores, quartz, and other hard
and brittle substances.
The Invention consists principally in the use for such purposes of a
vertical cylinder corrugated, fluted, or toothed internally in combination
with a solid or strong cone placed (also vertically) within the same, and
éither fluted, corrugated, toothed, or plain, the one being mounted
slightly excentric to the other, and one only (by preference the cylinder)
being driven; the other is mounted in such a way that it can revolve by
the action of the stones, but has no direct motion given to it. The
cylinder may be either made or cast all of one piece, or it may be
made in sections; but I prefer to make it of an external cylinder cast in
one with a rim of external teeth forming a worm wheel, into which
This
gears a worm which drives it with a slow powerful motion.
cylinder is mounted and revolves in plates fixed in the frame at the top
and bottom, and is provided with internal sections keyed or otherwise
fixed in the outer cylinder, and revolving with it, and formed with
vertical plates or corrugations, or with teeth or projections of any
suitable shape; or it may be mounted and revolve on friction pulleys or
rollers.
The cone may be either cast solid or hollow with a journal at top
and bottom, or it may be made in sections or rings mounted upon a
fixed vertical shaft, which latter is provided with a collar which is
recessed into and supports the lowermost section or ring; or the shaft
may be keyed in and revolve with the sections or rings. This cone may
be so mounted out of the centre that its circumference is nearer at one
point to the internal circumference of the cylinder, and the amount of
excentricity can be increased or diminished at pleasure to suit the nature
of the work to be performed by the machine.
The stones are fed in at the top, and the revolution of the latter will
gradually draw them in between the two surfaces towards the narrowest
part, and at the same time exert a powerful crushing action upon them.
The stones as they are broken gradually fall down until they are broken
small enough to fall out at the narrow opening between the bottom of
the cylinder and the cone.

page_text: By raising up the cone this opening will be diminished, and by
lowering it the opening will be increased in width, and thus the size of
the stones delivered may be regulated:
-
The cone (or the sections of which it is composed) may either be
made with a plane surface or it may be corrugated, fluted, or toothed
in various ways, according to the nature of the material under operation.
The cone may if preferred also be mounted concentric with the cylinder
instead of excentric.
Such being the nature and object of my said Inventton, I will now
proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to
be or may be performed or carried into practical effect; and in order
that the same may be clearly understood I have annexed hereunto a
Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with
figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof:-
In the annexed Drawing Fig. 1 represents a plan view; and Fig. 2, a
vertical section of a stone or ore crushing machine made according to
my Invention. a, a, being the framing; b, b, the external cylinder; and
c, c, the cone. In this case the cone and cylinder are shown as con-
centric, the cylinder alone being driven; but, as before mentioned, they
may be placed more or less excentric, and the cone may be driven
instead of the cylinder if preferred.
The conc or the cylinder may also be arranged so as to rise or fall by
means of wedges, screws, or otherwise, so as to increase or diminish the
the opening between the bottom of the cone and the cylinder.
In th Drawing both the conc and the cylinder is fluted. The
cylinder b, b, is provided with an external rim of teeth d, d, into which
gears a worm e, e, keyed on the driving shaft f, f, and thus a slow
rotary motion is given thereto. In large machines two or even four
worms may gear into this rim of teeth. g, g, are two fly wheels, and
h, h, is the driving pulley. The cone c, c, is not driven, but is free to
turn in the bearings i, i, at top and bottom, so that it can be caused to
revolve by the action of the stones as the cylinder turns.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be per-
formed or carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I

page_text: claim as my Invention, the construction of a crushing machine by the
combination of an external cylinder with an internal cone, one of which
only is driven (or both if preferred), whether the cone or the cylinder
(or both) be plain or corrugated, and whether they be arranged con-
centrically or excentrically with regard to each other.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Ellison, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.