Improvements in Kiers for Bleaching and similarly Treating Textile Fabrics and Materials.
Year: 1896

page_text: · Date of Application, 18th Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 30th Nov., 1896-Accepted, 2nd Jan., 1897
Improvements in Kiers for Bleaching and similarly Treating
Textile Fabrics and Materials.
I, EDWARD DEAKIN, of Belmont Bleach Works, near Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Bleacher and Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in open boiling kiers for bleaching and
similarly treating textile fabrics and materials, and the chief objects of my
improvements are first that the circulating liquor should be made as hot as possible,
secondly that the motion of the circulating liquor through the spurt pipe should be
slow uniform and continuous, as excessive and intermittent motion denotes loss of
energy, thirdly that there should be practically no movement in the textile fabric
or material under treatment, and fourthly that the steam used for heating and
circulating the liquor should be kept out of the kier and so prevent priming and
waste of steam.
I attain these objects by an improved construction and novel arrangement of the
parts of the kier in the following manner :-
In the bottom of the kier I fix an inverted hopper shaped or other suitably
shaped casting which together with a grating trellis or other open work forms the
false bottom of the kier on which the textile fabric or material to be treated rests.
At or near the bottom of the casting I form small openings which communicate
with the space between the false bottom and the solid bottom of the kier and form
a passage for the liquor. Inside the casting is fixed a suitably proportioned coil of
pipes in communication at one end with a steam generator and at the other end
with a steam trap outside the kier. On the top of and in communication with
the casting is fixed a vertical spurt or circulating pipe at the top of which is placed
a deflector and inside which is fitted concentrically a smaller pipe built of a series
of short pipes socketed at one end, the spigot end of one pipe fitting loosely in
the socket of the next and so on, the spigot.end of the bottom pipe being mounted
over an outlet closed by a plug in the bottom of the kier; or instead of an inner
pipe built up of socketed pipes as described any suitable equivalent such as a
perforated pipe might be employed.
At starting steam is admitted to the coil which being in contact with the liquor
condenses the steam, the water of condensation escaping through the steam trap.
As the liquor becomes heated a circulation is set up in the casting and the spurt
pipe up which the liquor flows returning downward through the inner pipe which it
enters through the open joints at the sockets, until the whole of the liquid in the
casting and pipes is brought to boiling point, then the boiling liquid flows over the
top edge of the spurt pipe under the deflector and on to the fabric in the kier.
The liquor gradually percolates through the fabric and re-enters the casting
through the small openings near the bottom and is again brought to boiling point
by the coil. By properly regulating the quantity of steam entering the coil a
practically continuous flow of boiling liquor can be produced.
H. B. BARLOW & GILLETT,
Agents for Applicant.

page_text: о
Improvements in Kiers for Bleaching and similarly Treating
Textile Fabrics and Materials.
I, EDWARD DEAKIN, of Belmont Bleach Works, near Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Bleacher and Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in open boiling kiers for bleaching and
similarly treating textile fabrics and materials, and the chief objects of my
improvements are first that the circulating liquor should be made as hot as possible,
secondly that the motion of the circulating liquor through the spurt pipe should be
slow uniform and continuous as excessive and intermittent motion denotes loss of
energy, thirdly that there should be practically no movement in the textile fabric
or material under treatment and fourthly that the steam used for heating and
circulating the liquor should be kept out of the kier and so prevent staining matter
priming over from the boiler and entering the kier.
I attain these objects by an improved construction and novel arrangement of the
parts of the kier as illustrated in the accompanying drawing, which is a sectional
elevation of my improved kier.
In the bottom of the kier a, I fix an inverted hopper shaped or other suitably
shaped casting b, which together with a grating, trellis, or other open work c forms the
false bottom of the kier on which the textile fabric or material to be treated rests.
At or near the bottom of the casting b, I form openings 61 which communicate with
the space between the false bottom c and the solid bottom of the kier.a and form a
passage for the liquor. Inside the casting b is fixed a suitably proportioned coil
of pipes d in communication at one end d' with a steam generator and at the other
end with a steam trap outside the kier. On the top of and in communication
with the casting b is fixed a vertical spurt or circulating pipe e inside which is
fitted concentrically a smaller pipef built of a series of short upwardly tapering
sections, the spigot end of one section fitting into the lower or socket end of the
next and so on in such a manner as to leave a space at each joint thus forming a
communication between the inside of the pipe f and the annular space between the
pipes f and e.
Instead of the inner pipe ƒ built up of sections as shown and described any
suitable equivalent such as a perforated pipe may be employed. Above the top
of the pipes e and fis placed a deflector g fixed on a shaft h which is carried by
two galleries h h supported respectively on the top and bottom sections of the
pipe f. To the bottom end of the shaft h or to the lowest section of the pipe fis
secured a hopper shaped deflecting plate i corresponding in form to the casting b
and fixed in position so as to leave an annular space between the two parts b and i
There is an outlet a' closed by a plug at the bottom of the kier and a scum pipe,
not shown, may be employed in any suitable position.
At starting steam is admitted to the coil d which being in contact with liquor
condenses the steam, the water of condensation escaping at d through the steam
trap. As the liquor becomes heated a circulation is set up in the casting b and the
spurt pipe up which the liquor flows returning through the open joints at the
sockets of the sectional pipe f down through the annular space between the two
pipes and e and the annular space between the parts b and back into the
Casting 6 to be again heated until the whole of the liquid in the casting b and
pipes e and fis brought to boiling point, then, the boiling liquid flows over the top
edge of the spurt pipe under the deflector g and on to the fabric in the kier. The
liquor gradually percolates through the fabric and re-enters the casting b through

page_text: the openings near the bottom and is again brought to boiling point by the coil d.
By properly regulating the quantity of steam entering the coil d a practically
continuous flow of boiling liquor can be produced. .
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
In a bleaching kier-
1. The combination with the ordinary spurt pipe, of an inner sectional or
equivalent pipe concentric therewith, a hopper shaped or other suitably shaped
casting and a steam coil all arranged and operating substantially as herein set
forth.
2. The combination with the spurt pipe e and casting b, of the sectional pipe f
or its equivalent, the plate i and the steam coil d all substantially as and for the
purposes herein described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 28th day of November 1896.
H. B. BARLOW & GILLETT,
17 St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for Applicant.