Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 5th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 30th Mar., 1889
I, CHARLES DIXON ARIA, of 175 Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Lamp
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to construct Reading, Wall, Ring, Stand, Railway-
Roof and other lamps in such a manner as to render them capable of burning crudo
mineral oils with safety, which hitherto it has been found impossible to do, owing
to the rapid vaporization of such oils, and the consequent explosion of the lamps.
Now by means of my invention this evil is obviated as the oil is kept at a low
temperature.
For the purpose of my invention, I provide a secondary reservoir which may be
furnished with an annular rim, lip, or flange, forming, as it were, a covering plato
to said reservoir, and to which is secured an open or skeleton franie or support
carrying the wick-tube, which may he detachable therefrom; or said open or skeleton
By this
frame or support may be formed in a piece with the secondary reservoir.
means I isolate the wick-tube from the secondary reservoir and constitute an opening
or passage between the wick case and the secondary reservoir through which the air
is free to circulate to keep the oil in said secondary reservoir cool.
This secondary reservoir receives its supply from the main reservoir, which, in
the case of a Reading, Wall, or Stand lamp is arranged laterally to the secondary
reservoir, and, in the case of a Ring lamp, is arranged on a level with the burner,
but concentric therewith; and in the case of a Railway roof lamp is arranged above
the burner, but likewise concentric therewith, a supply pipe, or pipes, being provided,
in each case, to connect the secondary with the main reservoir.
With this arrangement of secondary reservoir and combined wick-case, I prefer to
use two wicks, ono a tubular wick which forms the burning wick, and the other a
partly flat and partly tubular wick which dips into the secondary reservoir, and feeds
the burning wick with oil by suction or capillary attraction, the partly flat, and partly
tubular wick being connected at its tubular part to the burning wick by tying, or
by other suitable means.
1
1000
ERNEST DE PASS, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
68, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Lamps.
I, CHARLES DIXON ARIA, of 175 Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Lamp
Manufacturer. do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
These improvements are in part based upon those described in the Specification
of former Letters Patent granted to me, being No. 16, 73 of 1887.
The object of my present invention is to construct railway roof, reading, wall, ring,
stand, carriage, and like lamps (other than moderator and carcel, such as are referred
to in the said prior specification) so as to render them capable of burning mineral
oil of commerce with safety, which hitherto, it has been found dangerous to do, owing
to the rapid vaporization of such oil, and the consequent explosion of the lamps. My
present improvements render such lamps suitable for burning the heavy mineral oils
which, up to the present, have not been successfully employed for illuminating
purposes.
I attain this object by means of my improved consiruction of lamp in which I
employ a secondary reservoir, (which may or may not be traversed by a central
vertical air tube, though I prefer to use such tube) and an open or skeleton frame or
support for carrying the wick-case, all as hereinafter fully described, whereby the
said oils may be burned with impunity, the formation of vapour being rendered
almost impossible as regards the mineral oil of commerce.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a vertical section shewing my improve-
ments, Fig. 2 shews my improvements applied to a railway roof-lamp, Fig. 3 as
applied to a reading lamp, and Fig. 4 as applied to a wall, or back, lamp.
In all the figures the gallery and chimney are omitted for sake of clearness, and'
like letters of reference indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A is the secondary reservoir, it is furnished with an interior rim, lip, or flange a,
to prevent spilling of the oil in case the lamp should receive a sudden blow or shock.
To this rim, lip, or flange is secured the open or skeleton frame or support B, which
carries, at its upper part, the detachable wick-case D which is held in place by a
screw thread, or by other means. Or said open or skeleton frame or support, instead
of being affixed to the rim, lip or flange, may be directly secured to the secondary
reservoir.. By the employment and arrangement of this skeleton frame or support
the wick case is maintained at a safe distance from the oil in the secondary reservoir,
while an opening or passage is constituted through which the air, is free to circulate
to keep cool the oil in such reservoir, and likewise to keep the wick-case cool.
Concentric with and traversing the secondary reservoir, is a vertical tube C, which
extends within the inner tube of the wick case, as shewn in fig. 1, although it may
be arranged to extend to or near the upper edge of the wick case as shown with
reference to fig. 1*. When this tube is so arranged it likewise answers the purpose of

page_text: the inner tube of the wick case, which tube is then dispensed with. This tube (is
provided to allow a free passage of air to the flame for the purpose of assisting in promoting
combustion, and by its position should a sudden draught or current of air deflect the flame
into the inner tube of the wick-case, such flame would be prevented from coming into
contact with any vapour which may possibly have formed in the secondary reservoir,
when burning the mineral oil of commerce. The air passing through this tube
further assists in keeping cool the oil in the secondary reservoir. The annular space at the
base of this reservoir is of such dimensions that the wick cannot pass into it, the
orifice of the tube which connects the main reservoir with this annular space is thus
always sealed by the oil even if the lamp be allowed to burn out, and the oil in the
main reservoir, and any vapour which may arise therefrom, are thus completely isolated
and thereby danger of explosion is prevented.
In figs. 3 and 4, A' represents the main reservoir, from which the secondary
reservoir receives its supply of oil through one pipe p, but in the case of a Railway
roof-lamp, as shewn in fig. 2 (or in that of a Ring lamp) through two pipes p
and p*.
The main reservoir shown in fig. 2 is annular, and its base is preferably concave so
that it may bo utilized as a reflector.
Although in my Provisional Specification I stated that I preferred to use a
combination of two wicks, I have since found out that two wicks are not required,
and that it is more advantageous to use a single and ordinary tubular wick, I therefore
now purpose using such a wick. K is the key for raising or lowering the said
wick.
Having now described my Invention and in what manner the same may be
performed I claim :
1. The combinations of parts forming my improvements applied to railway roof,
reading, wall, ring, stand, carriage and like lamps, other than Molerator and Carcel,
constructed as herein described and illustrated respectively in figs. 1. 2. 3 and 4 of the
drawings annexed.
2. The use in lamps, such as those herein described, of a secondary reservoir,
traversed by a central vertical air tube, and an open or skeleton frame or support
which receives the wick-case, and maintains it at a safe distance from the oil in said
secondary reservoir, while allowing free passage of air to such oil, and to the wick-
case, substantially as described and shewn.