AN IMPROVEMENT IN WRENCHES FOR, NUTS, BOLTS, AND PIPES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Jackson and John Joseph Dunn, of the City and
County of San Francisco, State of California, United States of America,
Pattern Makers, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN WRENCHES FOR,
NUTS, BOLTS, AND PIPES."
Sealed the 26th September 1879, and dated the 10th July 1879.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Andrew Jackson and John
Joseph Dunn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July
1879.
"AN
ANDREW JACKSON and JOHN JOSEPH DUNN, of the City and County of San
Francisco, State of California, United States of America, Pattern Makers.
IMPROVEMENT IN WRENCHES FOR NUTS, BOLTS, AND PIPES."
Our Invention relates to an improved universal wrench, and it consists of a novel
combination of a stationary and a moveable jaw, the moving ends of which are
separated or closed in a line diagonal to the handle by means of a screw which
actuates a movable nut. The movable jaw is hinged to this nut so as to open or
close at will, and is kept closed by a spring. Our Invention also consists in certain
details of construction which will be more fully described by reference to the accom-
panying Drawings, in which,—
Fig. 1 is a view of our wrench with the jaws separated.
Fig. 2 is a view with the jaws closed, showing, the manner of holding a nut or
pipe.
A is the handle of our wrench; B is the fixed jaw which is secured to the handle;
and C is the movable jaw. Between the handle and the gripping end of the fixed
jaw is formed a space for the reception of the slide nut D, to which the movable
jaw is hinged, and within which the screw E which moves this nut turns.
This space and guide are formed diagonally with the line of the handle, so that
the movable jaw may not only be carried back from the fixed jaw but outward from
it at the same time.
The screw E passes through both ends of the case within which the nut moves,
being journalled therein, and it has a milled head F upon one end by which to turn
it and cause the nut to move along the screw. The nut has a sort of a cylindrical
projection G formed upon its upper side, and a similar groove in the end of the
inovable jaw fits upon this projection, serving as a socket about which the jaw turns
in opening and closing. A spring H, which may be flat or spiral, and either in front
or behind, serves to keep this jaw closed upon the stationary one, so that although

page_text: upon it by the spring.
The shape of the jaws are peculiar. The fixed jaw has a depression formed in
its_end with the three faces I, J, K, as shown, while the moveable jaw has the
faces Land M and a projecting lip N, which extends over the end of the fixed jaw so
as to rest upon it when closed. The outer end of this lip turns up, so that the jaw.
-will-be-readily-opened by simply pressing it against the nut or pipe.
The faces I and I stand opposite each other, and are the ones which do the
principal part of the work. If found desirable these two jaws may be made of
steel and fitted upon the body of the wrench, as shown. The angle of the jaw L
which does the principal part of the work, is grooved out or curved so as to give it
a biting edge, as shown, and this will take a firm hold of round pipe, and will
enable the jaws to fit a square, hexagonal, or other form of nut and turn them.
The peculiar shape of the opening formed by the faces I, J, K, L, M, in the jaws
is such that the two opposing jaws I and L will always take a firm hold of and
clamp the sides of any shaped nut or a round bolt or pipe, and the stronger the
turn the closer the grip. By placing the milled head F at the inner or handle end
of the screw E, it may be easily worked by the thumb of the hand holding the
wrench.
-
The tool is simple, easily and rapidly fitted to any nut, bolt, or pipe, and has few
parts to become broken or get out of order.
Having thus described our Invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure
by Letters Patent is,―
1st. The fixed jaw B secured to the handle A, and having the diagonally placed
guide box for the reception of the sliding block D, in combination with the moveable
jaw C hinged to the slide, and a means for working the slide and adjusting the jaws
with relation to each other, substantially as herein described.
2nd. The fixed jaw B with its diagonally moving slide D, having the moveable
jaw C hinged to it, in combination with the screw E journalled in the ends of the
box, and turning in the nuts formed within the slide D whereby the jaw C is
adjusted with relation to the jaw B, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described.
3rd. The jaw C having its rear end hinged to the slide D upon the jaw B, so that
it may be moved to and fro and at the same time opened and closed with reference
to the jaw B, said jaw C being provided with the projecting lip N and the spring H,
substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
4th. The fixed and moveable jaws B and C with the uniting adjustable slide D,
said jaws having the inclined faces I, J, K, and L, M, formed with relation to each
other, as shown, whereby any form of nut or pipe may be seized and turned, sub-
stantially_as herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Andrew Jackson and John Joseph Dunn,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy ninc.
ANDREW JACKSON.
(L.S.)
Witnesses,
S. H. NOURSE.
FRANK A. BROOKS...
JOHN JOSEPH DUNN. (L.S.)