matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A FOUNDATION GREASEPROOF BAND, OR HEAD LINING FOR THE BODIES OF HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, WHETHER OF SILK, STRAW, FELT, OR ANY OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wier Collinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th January 1872.
I, HENRY WIER COLLINSON, of 69, the Grove, Hammersmith, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A FOUNDATION GREASEPROOF BAND, OR HEAD LINING FOR THE BODIES OF
HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, WHETHER OF SILK,
STRAW, FELT, OR ANY OTHER MATERIAL," to be as follows :-
Unsized paper passed through diluted sulphuric acid is in a moment
converted into a tough elastic skin-like substance which when
thoroughly freed from acid and dried possesses the appearance of animal
parchment. It possesses also the property of not being permeable by oil,
perspiration, or any fatty matter, as well as others which render it likely
to be advantageous in the process of hat manufacture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF WORMS EMPLOYED IN WORM GEARING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Borthwick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1872.
I, JOHN BORTHWICK, of Chicadle, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
FORM AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF WORMS EMPLOYED IN WORM GEARING,"
to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to the worms employed to give motion
to worm wheels, and used in various descriptions of machinery or
apparatus, and has for its object to increase the durability of such
worms, and to decrease the friction arising from the action of such
worms on the worm wheels. To this end the said worms are made of
a diameter in each case increasing from about the centre of the length
of the worm towards cach end, so that when the worm is at work the
threads engage with a greater number of teeth in the worm wheel than
is the case with respect to worms as ordinarily formed.
When making a worm according to this Invention the blank is or may
be turned to such a form as would be produced by a tool moving as a

page_text: radial from a fixed centre, the length of the radius from the said
centre to the point of the said tool being slightly in excess of the radius
of the worm wheel with which the said worm is to gear, measured to
the bottoms or roots of the teeth of the said worm wheel, and the
thread is or may be cut by means of a tool moving as a radial partly 5
around the said fixed centre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRUST BEARINGS FOR SCREW PROPELLER SHAFTS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Scott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1872.
I, JAMES SCOTT, of Sydney, in the Colony of New South Wales, but
at present of No. 166, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THRUST BEARINGS FOR SCREW PROPELLER
SHAFTS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to improved arrangements or construc-
tions of bearings for resisting the thrust of the screw propeller shafts
of steam ships, consists of a box containing water, oil, or other liquid
under pressure. The holes at the two outer ends of the box are of
diameter corresponding to that of the shaft, and in that portion of the
shaft situate within the box a projecting flange is formed against which
the liquid presses, thus the thrust of the screw propeller in place of
being directed against a metal bearing as hitherto is cushioned by means

page_text: of the surrounding fluid. Cup leather or other packing is provided at
the joints between the revolving shafts and the box to prevent leakage.
Under another arrangement to obtain the same end the flanch on the
propeller shaft is caused to bear against two large antifriction rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Diedrich Anton Adolph Nobbe
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th January 1872.
I, DIEDRICH ANTON ADOLPH NOвBE, of No. 6, Kenilworth Road,
Roman Road, Old Ford, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the construction and arrangement in a
dwelling house or other building of a chain and barrel which may
be used in case of fire for the escape of the inmates, or for the removal
purpose I insert
of valuables or for giving access to firemen. For this
into the wall above a window au iron box containing a barrel and
chain. In a new building this box may be built into the wall, and
serve as the window head in lieu of a stone, or of a wood or iron beam.
In an old building it may be fixed within the wall in the space between
the window head and the ceiling. The chain is wound on the barrel
with its end, which may be ornamented' with a tassel, projecting through
a hole in the bottom of the box, so that it can be readily taken hold of.

page_text: Also a portion of the bottom of the box is made as a flap hinged so as to
open downwards, and so allow clear passage for the chain when it is
unwound from the barrel. This flap may be kept closed by a counter-
weight or spring when the apparatus is not in use.
The chain is made with links at suitable intervals of egg shape,
affording convenient grasp for the hand of a person climbing up or
down. Also the chain terminates in a hook, by inserting which into
any link a person or object may be secured to it. The upper part of
the chain is by preference secured not directly to the middle of the
barrel, but to the middle of a piece of chain hanging loosely, which is
attached to each end of the barrel; thus any jerk arising from the rapid
running out of the chain being made to act on the ends of the barrel
subjects it to less strain. The chain being usually wound on the barrel
can in case of fire be rapidly unwound and passed through the window to
the ground outside the building, thus effecting a communication between :
the exterior and the interior, enabling persons to climb up or down.
Also the chain can be employed to lower persons or goods.
It may be readily understood that the barrel instead of being enclosed
in a box within an apartment, can be mounted on brackets projecting
from the wall, or may be enclosed in a. box or casing when the
exposure of the barrel and chain is objectionable as unsightly.
IMPROVED MEANS OF SIGNALLING ON BOARD VESSELS AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ayres at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1872.
I, GEORGE AYRES, of 8, Douglas Terrace, New Cross, in the County
of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF SIGNALLING ON BOARD VESSELS AND IN APPLIANCES
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved means of signalling on board
vessels, and in appliances connected therewith, whereby lights, plain or
coloured, are exhibited automatically at the bow or other part.
The Invention consists in fitting one or more lamps at or near the
bows of a vessel, or to the mast head or other part, the lamp or lamps
being caused to turn or to raise and lower under the action of a rudder-
shaped blade arranged at the fore part of the vessel below the water
line, the blade being acted upon by the water when moved over by the
rudder or the screws at the stern.

page_text: In lieu of the lamp or lamps turning or of raising and lowering,
glasses, flaps, or shutters may be actuated by the mechanism through
the rudder shaped blade at the bows, the mechanism consisting mainly
of bevil or toothed gearing properly arranged to be worked by the
movement of the rudder shaped blade.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALIC ALLOYS, APPLICABLE WHERE COPPER, TIN, ZINC, BRASS, MUNTZ'S METAL, AND OTHER LIKE METALS AND ALLOYS ARE NOW USED
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Auguste Desjardin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st November 1872.
I, PAUL AUGUSTE DESJARDIN, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
M.D., but at present residing at Gallia House, Upper Parliament Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALIC ALLOYS, APPLICABLE WHERE
COPPER, TIN, ZINC, BRASS, MUNTZ'S METAL, AND OTHER LIKE METALS AND ALLOYS
ARE NOW USED," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
This Invention has for its object the production of superior metalic
alloys which may be substituted in most if not all cases where copper,
tin, zinc, brass, Muntz's metal, and other like metals and alloys are now
used, and which are not liable to oxydise.
The amalgam is formed from a combination of copper (Chilian by
preference), tin, zinc, arsenic, and nickel; the several proportions are

page_text: varied according to the uses to which the alloy is to be applied. If the
alloy is to be of a white colour this can be obtained by increasing the
quantity of arsenic used; and harder or softer alloys may be formed by
varying the proportions of the several parts, or by omitting one or more
of the ingredients.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davidson Plimsoll at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th May 1872.
I, HENRY DAVIDSON PLIMSOLL, of Gordon Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS," to be as follows:—
My Invention relates to improvements in the safety lamp for which
I obtained Letters Patent, bearing date May 31st, 1871, No. 1118. In
the Specification of said Patent the lamp is described as being provided
with an air chamber for extinguishing the light when the lamp is
surrounded with an explosive atmosphere, and the present improvements
in a lamp so provided consist in so fitting the oil receptacle or lamp
proper that it cannot be withdrawn from its protecting casing without
the light being extinguished. This I effect by screwing the oil box or
lamp into the air chamber of the lamp casing. This screw prevents
the lamp being quickly withdrawn from the casing, and as the flame
descends below the mouth of the air chamber the light is extinguished
before it can be uncovered, thus effectually preventing the exposure of

page_text: the naked flame to the atmosphere. The oil box may be partly screwed
and partly slid into the protecting casing by leaving a blank space
between the top and bottom of the screw or otherwise, or a spring or
other catch or its equivalent may be provided on the screw to cause an
obstruction, and ensure the extinction of the flame, which being very
low is unavoidably extinguished by the slightest unsteadiness.
.
Another improvement consists in providing the lamp casing with a
double glass chimney surrounding the flame, rays of light from which
are not obstructed by the gauze usually employed, the glass being
however protected from external injury by metal ribs forming part of
the lamp casing and open wire netting surrounding the same. The
chimneys are cemented at bottom in the metal frame to prevent direct
access of air to the flame except through the air chamber described in
my former Letters Patent, and the chimneys have an air space between
them, the outer chimney serving to prevent the inner one being affected
by sudden changes of external temperature, to which the lamp may be
subjected. The chimneys are capped by a wire gauze top for the exit
of the products of combustion, while a guard enclosing the top is also
provided to prevent the entrance of air at the upper part of the lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP OR HALF STUFF
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lowe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1872.
I, THOMAS LOWE, of Brampton, Chesterfield, in the County of Derby,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP OR HALF STUFF," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing paper pulp or half stuff
from mountain heath, bog heath, and ling, either alone or in com-
bination with any known paper making material or materials. The
mountain heath, bog heath, or ling may be ground or partially ground
or bruised in a moist state and then boiled by preference under pressure
in a solution of caustic soda or other suitable alkali, and afterwards freed
from the alkali by washing.. The bleaching may be effected by chlorine
or sulphurous acid, but I propose to bleach with a mixture of chlorine
and urine; this latter mode of bleaching forming an important feature
of novelty in this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SMOOTHING OR FINISHING UNTAPPED NUTS INTENDED FOR SCREW BOLTS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Ellis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1872.
I, SAMUEL ELLIS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Smith
and Bolt Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SMOOTHING OR FINISHING
UNTAPPED NUTS INTENDED FOR SCREW BOLTS," to be as follows:-
The untapped nuts to be smoothed and finished are cut off from the
heated metal and punched in any desired manner, and then led to dies
formed in two halves made semi-square or semi-hexagon, or other shape
according to the required shape of the nuts. The dies are placed in the
bed or table of the machine, one die being stationary after adjustment
and the other moveable, and below the dies there is a plate on which the
cut blank rests, there being below the plate a hole in the bed to allow the
nut to escape after it is finished. Above the dies there is a slide carrying
a snap or crowner, and also a wedge for giving a closing motion to the
moveable die, the opening motion being effected by a spring, and the
plate under the dies is moved to and fro by a cam.

page_text: For hexagon nuts and others when required there is a maundril passing
through a hole in the plate into the hole in the nut, the maundril being
worked by a cam and lever.
The heated blank is pushed into the dies, and then the slide moves
downwards to enable the wedge to act upon the moveable die to squeeze
and finish the sides of the nut, and the snap or crowner to snap or crown
it, and then the plate or the plate and maundril are moved out of the
way to allow the nut to drop through the hole in the bed to any required
place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING AND FIXING DRY COLOURS ON PAPER, CANVAS, AND OTHER POROUS SURFACES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Faulkner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1872.
I, ROBERT FAULKNER, of No. 46, Kensington Gardens Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING AND FIXING DRY COLOURS ON PAPER, CANVAS,
AND OTHER POROUS SURFACES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a method of applying dry colouring matter,
such as is employed for crayons, chalks, and the like, to porous surfaces,
such as canvas or paper, and fixing the colour so applied. For this
purpose I mix powdered dextrine with the powdered pigment, and I
apply the mixture by rubbing in the manner usually employed for
powdered pigments. I then moisten with water the back of the porous
surface, and the water soaking through it dissolves the dextrine applied
with the colour, and thereby fixes the colour. The water may be used
warm or acidulated so as the more readily to dissolve the fixing material.
Instead of applying the pigment in the form of powder it may be
mixed with dextrine, and the mixture made
which can
into
up
crayons,

page_text: be used for drawing on the surface. In this case the surface should be
moistened before drawing thereon; when dry the drawing will be fixed,
or, if necessary, the back may be again moistened, so as to ensure the
solution of the dextrine.
I find it advantageous, especially for producing large backgrounds, 5
such as are employed for photographic purposes, or for wall decoration,
and also when paper is the surface to be coloured, to serve it first with
a weak solution of dextrine, and when it has dried to apply the pigments
as above described.
Instead of dextrine, starch, gum, or soluble gelatine may be employed 1
in the manner described above, but I prefer dextrine as being most
readily acted on by the water.
As the process above described essentially consists in applying along
with the pigment a substance which is afterwards dissolved, and which
when dry serves to fix the pigment, it may be readily understood that 1
substances other than dextrine, gum, or gelatine might be used, suitable
solvents being applied instead of water. Thus lac, resin, or other
substances forming the ground of varnishes might be applied with the
pigments, and in such case the back of the coloured surface would be
moistened with turpentine, benzole, or spirituous liquids capable of 2
dissolving the matter so applied for fixing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAW FRAMES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Newton and William
Cotter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th December 1872.
We, EDWARD NEWTON, of Duke Street, Bloomsbury, and WILLIAM
COTTER, Cabinet Maker, of Myddelton Street, both in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SAW FRAMES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention consists in the construction of saw frames of a
continuous piece of wood bent in position to suit the varied uses to
which a saw frame may be applied, by adapting the curvatures of such
frames to meet the varied uses as implied by the betty saw, jack saw, side
saw, and bow saw (such terms being but trade terms for saw frames
constructed on the same principle, videlicet, saws in which a rigid
stretcher with string or screw are employed to produce and maintain
the tension of the saw blades applied to such frames).
In this Invention the ordinary or known kind of stretcher is dispensed
with, while neither screws nor strings are employed to get and maintain
the tension of the saw blade, but we use instead thereof a ratchet,
pinion, and wheel attached to the lower extremities of the frame.

page_text: The wood of the frame is steamed and bent by known means to the
general outline and conformation required.
The means we employ to lock the saw blade consists in fastening a
semicircular lug of brass or other metal to the end of the saw blade, the
surface or top of such lug being bevil, slotted, or grooved. Into this b
slot or groove a plate of metal slides forming a bolt; a slot or groove
is made in the spindle for the bolt to slide back into.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th May 1872.-A communication from abroad by Jean Marie
Joseph Charles Du Lin and Achille François Guillemare, both
of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE,"
a communication to me from abroad by Jean Marie Joseph Charles
Du Lin and Achille François Guillemare, both of Paris, in the Republic
of France, to be as follows:—
This Invention consists essentially in transforming into a useful
manure the acid residues consisting of sulphate of lime impregnated
with fatty matter, which are obtained in the manufacture of stearine
candles by mixing with such residues—
1. The ammoniacal liquor obtained from gas works generally, whether
the same employ coal, bones, or animal matter of kind.
any

page_text: 2. The liquid contents of cesspools, putrid urine, and the drainage
from manure heaps.
3. The lyes of potash or soda and solutions of carbonates of potash
or of soda.
Liquors containing sulphates or alkaline chlorides may also be
advantageously employed for mixing with the basic phosphate of lime
obtained from calcined bones, the presence of these salts assisting and
accelerating the transformation of the basic phosphate into soluble
phosphate when subsequently treating with sulphuric or chlorhydric
acid, the essential object being to introduce in an economical manner 1
into the superphosphate the sulphate and the chlorhydrate of ammonia,
the presence of which greatly augments its value.
According to one mode of practically carrying out this Invention, I
pass about 9 gallons of ammoniacal water obtained from a gasworks, in
which kitchen or other bones are distilled over about 2 cwt. of the said 1
acid residues in a fresh state, this water indicates 3°, 5 Beaumé, it
completely saturates the acids, and in the water of the filter 5% of
sulphate and chlorhydrate of ammonia are recovered, the acid residues
having retained from 2 to 3 per cent. of the ammoniacal salts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND SHOES FOR OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles McEntee at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th February 1872.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES M°ENTEE, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND SHOES FOR OTHER ANIMALS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to prevent the slipping of horses and
other animals on roads or pavings in wet or frosty weather, which
commonly occurs when shoes of the ordinary kind are used.
Horse-shoes made according to my Invention are especially adapted
for the use of horses employed on asphalte or other smoothly paved
roads, and are also of great use to horses employed on ordinary roads
in wet and frosty weather.
In making a horse-shoe according to my Invention I make the said
shoe of iron and of the same general form as that of the ordinary horse-
shoe. It is also provided with holes for attaching it to the hoof of the
horse in the ordinary way. I pierce or otherwise form in the shoe a

page_text: series of holes (arranged as herein-after described), the said holes by
preference tapering from the upper or inner side of the shoe to the under
or wearing side. In these holes I fix pieces of vulcanized or hard india-
rubber or other material which will adhere as india-rubber will to a wet
or slippery surface. These pieces are inserted in the holes so as not to be
flush with the wearing surface of the shoe, but to project a little from
the said surface. The holes to be filled with the said pieces may consist
of three oblong holes situated respectively at the hind parts, and the toe
or front of the shoe; or the said holes may be conical and distributed in
various parts of the shoe, but I do not limit myself to these details,
neither do I limit myself to the use of vulcanized india-rubber or non-
metallic substances for introduction into the holes described, as lead or
other soft metal or alloy may be used with like effect. The essence of
my Invention consists in inserting in or attaching to the shoes of horses
and other animals hardened india-rubber or other material which will
attach itself to a moist, wet, or slippery surface.
IMPROVED SELF-A -ACTING SAFETY APPLIANCES FOR FIRE- ARMS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th January 1872.
I, GEORGE HENRY WILSON, of 2, Ebenezer Cottages, Warner Road,
Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED SELF-A
-ACTING SAFETY APPLIANCES FOR FIRE-
ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to self-acting safety appliances to be fitted in
or attached to the locks or striking apparatus of fire-arms in order to
render the arms safe and free from accidental discharge when loaded;
the Invention being applicable to sporting and military breech and
muzzle-loaders, to pistols whether of the single or double barrelled
classes, and also to revolvers.
The appliances chiefly consist of a double lever or pinned bracket
which is so acted upon by a spring that one end of it is kept pressing
against the tumbler or some other part of the lock or striking apparatus
as to fall into a notch or a bent upon the arm being cocked or half
cocked, the free end of the lever or bracket being in position to be

page_text: acted upon by a paul or push piece in connection with a stud or lever
fitted in the stock, and preferably in the small of the butt, so that
when the "small" is gripped by the hand of the firer the stud or lever
becomes depressed; this releases the lever from the notch or bent, and
allows the hammer or the striker to act and explode the charge.
In some cases the catch lever could be operated upon by a rod
running through the "stock" in connection or not with the stud or
lever in the "small,” so that when the heel of the stock is pressed into
or against the shoulder of the firer the catch lever or bracket would be
released.
I also in some cases for greater security attach a leg or projecting
piece to the free end of the lever or bracket, the leg being forked or
shaped at its free end to bear against a stud on the mainspring of the
lock to prevent the spring acting to give the necessary throw to the
hammer or thrust to the striker.
The shape and the position of the catch lever and its accessories
would be dependent upon the construction of the arm and description of
mechanism employed for operating upon the charge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS, CUFFS, WRISTBANDS, SHIRT FRONTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Speight at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1872.
I, GEORGE SPEIGHT, of Spencer Street, Goswell Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS, CUFFS,
WRISTBANDS, SHIRT FRONTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR
THE PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
The manufacture of collars, cuffs, wristbands, shirt fronts, and other
like articles of paper combined with linen or other textile fabric con-
stitutes an article of extensive manufacture and trade.
Hitherto these articles have been made by causing a surface of paper
to adhere to a surface of textile fabric by spreading the adhesive material
all over the contiguous surfaces, so that the latter may adhere at all parts
in contact. The objection to this plan is that the article is stiff aud
rigid and the required flexibility or resilience is not obtained; whereas
according to my Invention I manufacture collars and the other aforesaid

page_text: articles in such manner as to obtain the resilience or flexibility which
is necessary for comfortable wear, while also obtaining economy of
production.
In manufacturing collars and the other aforesaid articles according to
my Invention I apply the adhesive material in such manner as to obtain
adhesion at defined and required parts of the collar or other article, as
for example at and near the edges only; for instance, in respect of men's
collars I apply the adhesive material so that it shall be received on and
near the edges of the textile fabric intended to form what is called the
front" or part exposed to view, and to a depth above the button holes
on the band but not elsewhere, so that when paper cut to proper shape
is laid thereon the textile fabric and the paper shall adhere at the parts
at which the adhesive material is applied, only leaving the other parts
without adhesive substance, so that the collar or other article shall be
duly flexible at such parts.
66
In order to carry out this object I use apparatus consisting of blocks
or rests of required shape, but cut away at such parts as correspond with
those which are not to receive the adhesive material. These blocks may
conveniently be made of wood with wash leather edges. A layer of
adhesive material is spread on this block and the textile material cut
to proper shape is laid thereon, and it thereby receives adhesive material
at the parts in contact therewith; but at the parts where the block is
cut away there is of course no adhesive material. The piece of textile
fabric is then turned over, the shaped paper placed thercon, and the
collar completed, usually by turning the edges over at the required parts
so as to prevent raw edge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND BOATS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alexander Lyttle at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd May 1872.
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER LYTTLE, of The Grove, Hammersmith, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND
BOATS," to be as follows:-
I construct the hull of the ship or boat with a flat bottom provided
with sides and ends projecting downwards to any convenient distance,
and when the ship is about to sail atmospheric air is forced beneath the
hull by any convenient pneumatic machinery, displaces the water, and
being prevented by the downward projecting sides from escaping till
it has filled the enclosed space under the hull, the ship rests almost
exclusively upon a cushion of air. This air should be supplied either
continuously or at frequent intervals during the voyage...
:
The above-mentioned air space may be divided into any desired
number of compartments, open underneath but pneumatically separate
from each other, so as to prevent all the air rushing to one side or

page_text: end of the vessel in the event of its rolling. The bottom of the vessel
which forms the top of this air space should be air-tight, and the supply
pipe to admit air to each compartment should only allow air to pass
downwards. The bottom should also in the case of sea-going large
ships be made double, with water-tight compartments intervening. The
vessel should also have sides so high above water that she might float
with safety by her own displacement after the removal of all the air
from below.
The downward projecting sides and ends before-mentioned may consist
of narrow, hollow, and water-tight girders, or may be utilized as portions
of the cargo bearing hull. One of the most convenient forms of bottom
under this arrangement is a flat floor supported longitudinally at the
two sides by two air-tight flanges extending perpendicularly downwards,
or two narrow sharply V shaped hulls of any required depth extending
the whole length of the sides, and meeting air-tight at the prow and
stern of the vessel. Between the latter points a similar rib or V hull
should pass from end to end underneath the floor, and so divide the air
space into two parts.
By making the stern parts of these air spaces less in depth at some
point or points redundant air will escape thence, and so by reacting
on the water will assist in propelling the vessel. By means of one or
more sluice valves this escape of air may be conveniently managed and
made to assist in steering or propelling.
The supply of air may be effected by any desired power, and may
in the case of sailing vessels be also effected by a windmill arrangement
as motive power, or by the force of a water wheel, the floats of which
dip into and are moved by the water over which the vessel glides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stoddart Peile at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
December 1872.
I, STODDART PEILE, of the Firm of Haughton and Thompson, of
Carlisle, in the County of Cumberland, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES," to be as
follows:-
These improvements consist,-
1st. In the application of adjustable joints and a parallel motion in a
horse hay rake, whereby the points of the tines may be adapted to
various heights and angles of raking, thereby increasing the efficiency
of the machine.
2ndly. In the application of a spring press bar to prevent the tines
from bouncing upon the ground and going over the hay without
lifting it.
Upon a central axle extending from end to end of the rake are
pivoted arms, to the extremity of each of which is jointed a head

page_text: casting or bracket, by means of an adjustable joint formed by serrating
the surfaces of the head casting and arm, so that when tightened up by
the joint bolt they will be caused to interlock and connect the two
rigidly together in whatever relative position they are adjusted. To
these head castings are pivoted the teeth or tines, and a cross bar
extending under the tines is also attached thereto for the tines to rest
upon, the whole being free to be oscillated upon the said axle to turn
over the tines by means of the ordinary hand lever.
In order to raise the tines in a perpendicular direction so as to rake
higher off the ground, a radius link is temporarily connected to the
head casting to form with the arm to which said casting is jointed a
parallel connection for the head castings or brackets to move on. After
having adjusted the tines to the required height the link is detached and
the rake is ready for working by the ordinary hand lever..
The spring press bar for keeping the tines to their work is arranged as
follows:-Upon the arm casting is-a-spring box or rod in or on which is
fitted a spiral or other spring bearing on the press bar on the tines,
and the pressure of which is adjustable by means of a screw or
otherwise.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR BEATING & AERATING EGGS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR BEATING AND AERATING BATTERS AND SUCH LIKE LIQUIDS OR SEMI-LIQUIDS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bell Muschamp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1872.
I, JOHN BELL MUSCHAMP, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex,
gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR BEATING & AERATING EGGS,
APPLICABLE ALSO FOR BEATING AND AERATING BATTERS AND SUCH LIKE LIQUIDS
OR SEMI-LIQUIDS," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
This Invention relates to improved means of beating and aerating
eggs by one operation, such means being also applicable for mixing and
aerating batters and such like liquids or semi-liquids, and the following
is a simple method of carrying my Invention into effect.
.
The apparatus consists of a cylindrical vessel, with a conical bottom,
the apex of the cone being directed upwards, and of a hollow plunger,
such plunger being made to fit the said vessel easily, and its concavity to
fit the conical bottom thereof. It is also perforated to a certain height
above its lower. peripliery.

page_text: The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The eggs to be beaten
being placed in the said vessel the hollow plunger is inserted in the
mouth thereof and is pressed slowly down towards the conical bottom,
and as it descends that portion of it above the said perforations will be
full of air, whilst the egg. will be forced to pass through the said
perforations, which being very fine will minutely subdivide and mix
it, and when the said plunger arrives at the conical bottom of the
vessel the air contained in its concavity will all be forced through
the said perforations in very fine streams into the egg with which it
will incorporate. The action of the plunger should be continued
until the egg assumes a creamy consistency, and the globules of air
incorporated are hardly discernible by the naked eye.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE HEADS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Thomas William
Gutteridge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 6th December 1872.
I, GEORGE THOMAS WILLIAM GUTTERIDGE, of Davies Street, Berkeley
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Carriage Builder, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE HEADS,"
to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to an improvement applied to
the head joints of a carriage head, and consists in making the pin joint
of the roof hinge or cantrail hinge also the spindle of the head joint,
and in making that part of the spindle which passes into the eye of the
head joint with a tooth or projection working in a slot in the said eye.
The lower end of the head joint is set on a pin projecting from the end
of the elbow inside quarter of carriage. Thus when the cantrail or top
piece of the hood is thrown forward or closed the tooth or projection on
the spindle comes in contact with the bottom shoulder of the slot in the
eye of the head joint and locks the head joint; when the hood is thrown
back this action is reversed.

page_text: The second part of my Invention relates to an arrangement of the
spiral spring by which the head is balanced. I propose to place a spiral
spring longitudinally with the back part of the head pillar, the top of
the rod around which this spiral spring is coiled passing through a hole
in a bracket fixed to the head pillar, and the bottom of this rod being
hinged to a bracket on the top of the standing pillar. The action is as
follows: In opening the head the rod moving through the opening in
the bracket on the head pillar compresses the spiral spring, which thus
gathers power until the head is completely opened, when the pin of the
hinge of the rod of spiral spring coming in a horizontal line with the
pillar hinge, the pressure of the spiral spring acts inversely to keep the
head open.
In closing the head the movement of the rod is reversed
and the spring elongating forces the head up to its proper position.
Further I propose to line the rod and bearings of spring with lead or any
soft metal or material which will deaden the sound of the vibration of
the rod on the spring.
I propose to apply my improvements both to the front and hind part
of landau heads, and to the heads of carriages of every kind, and to
place the mechanism within the lining or outside the carriage as may be
desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING MINES AND SIMILAR PLACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Easton and Frederick
Tattersall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd December 1872.
We, WILLIAM EASTON and FREDERICK TATTERSALL, of the Alexandra
Foundry, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING
MINES AND SIMILAR PLACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
ventilating mines and similar places. Heretofore when fans have been
employed for this purpose, and when as is usual the air has been led
into the eye of the fan on both sides, the two currents of air have at
once been allowed to intermingle whilst they are travelling with con-
siderable velocity in different directions.
Now according to this Invention a diaphragm is introduced into the
centre or eye of the fan to separate these currents, and the two faces of
the diaphragm are curved in such manner as to guide or direct the
currents and cause them to flow in a direction corresponding with the
plane of rotation of the fan. Thus the particles of air on their entrance

page_text: into the air instead of rushing together from opposite directions,
(thereby loosing the momentum they have already acquired and causing
great loss of power in again setting them in motion) are by the use of
the diaphragm plate easily and gradually changed into the proper
direction of motion, economising power and obtaining a higher per
centage of duty from the fan.
The fan itself consists of two octagonal bearers to which are bolted
arms carrying the wings by means of angle iron. The arms are con-
nected by tension rods, the whole structure by this construction
combining lightness with extreme strength.
At the top of the outlet from the fan a cowl is provided which guides
the issuing air, and delivers it in the direction in which the wind is
'blowing. The lower edge of the cowl dips into a trough of water
surrounding the outlet orifice.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Donaldson Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th June 1872.
.
I, WILLIAM DONALDSON BROWN, of Turin, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved arrangement or
combination of mechanism for actuating and regulating the speed of
the "reel" or its equivalent in sheaf delivery reaping machines, consists
in the first place in fixing a bevil wheel, provided with two or more sets
of teeth arranged at different radii from the centre of the wheel on the
shaft whereon the drum on which the machine is supported is situated.
At right angles to the axis of the drum a second motion shaft is situate
The loose bevil
and on which two or more bevil wheels are placed loose.
wheels are arranged on the second motion shaft so as to gear with the
sets of teeth of the fixed bevil wheel herein-before referred to, and each
of the loose bevil wheels is provided with a clutch, by means of a handle
or lever connected with which the attendant is enabled without stopping

page_text: the machine to withdraw one loose wheel from gear with one set of
teeth of the fixed wheel, and put into gear another loose wheel with a
set of teeth at a greater or less distance from the centre of the fixed
wheel. The effect of this operation is to cause the sheaf delivery
apparatus to rotate with a greater or less speed, and thereby lay down
sheaves at a greater or less distance from each other according to the
thickness of the crop. The sheaf delivery apparatus is attached to
an inclined shaft situate over the finger bar of the reaping machine,
and which shaft is geared with the second motion shaft herein-before
referred to by means of bevil wheels, and boards are attached to the
extremities of the arms of the delivery apparatus by which the grain
is brought forward to the cutters. On one of these boards is fixed a
series of teeth which deliver the grain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SICKLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Booth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
December 1872.
I, GEORGE BOOTH, of Conisbro' Steam Mills, in the County of
York, Sickle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SICKLES," to be as
follows:-
Hitherto sickles or sickle teeth have been cut by hand after the sickle
or sickle tooth has been bent to the required shape.
The improvements consist in cutting sickles or sickle teeth, whether
of iron, steel, or steel and iron combined, or of metal, before such sickles
or sickle teeth have been bent to the required shape.
The improvements may be carried into effect by employing any
existing cutting machinery, such as an ordinary file cutting machine
for cutting the sickles or sickle teeth, and the sickles afterwards bent

page_text: and tempered to the required form, and thus rendered incapable of
losing their shape and be harder and more durable than if cut by hand;
after tempering as at present any convenient apparatus and method may
be used for bending the sickles to the desired shape, and the tempering
performed in the usual manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TILTING BARRELS OR CASES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Beswick and Thomas
Potts at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with, their
Petition, on the 8th January 1872.
We, JAMES BESWICK, of Stockport, in the County of Chester,
Commercial Traveller, and THOMAS POTTS, of the same Place, Estate
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TILTING BARRELS OR CASES," to be as follows:―
Our Invention relates to apparatus for tilting barrels or casks
whereby that operation is made self-acting. For this purpose we use
a stillage with an upper part capable of being turned to an angle and
upon which the barrel or cask is placed. Beneath this moveable part
we adapt a shaft provided with arms, levers, excentrics, or similar
ordinary mechanical apparatus bearing against it and forced in that
direction by a weight connected to a lever or by equivalent means.
When the cask or barrel is full it just overbalances the weight, but
as the liquor is drawn off the said weight lifts the platform on which
the barrel is placed and effects the desired tilting. Or in place of the
above arrangement we dispense with the moveable platform and cause
the weight to act direct upon the barrel or cask.

page_text: In connection with the weighted lever we propose to use a graduated
scale which will indicate the weight of the barrel or cask when placed
upon the stillage and its 'subsequent weight when tilted to different
angles, and consequently the quantity of liquor which has been drawn
therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF COCKS OR TAPS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Blundon and
Samuel Tarlton Cleaver at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th February 1872.
We, EDWARD HENRY BLUNDON and SAMUEL TARLTON CLEAVER, both
of Canonbury Road, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF COCKS OR TAPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of cocks
or taps for drawing off liquids, and has for its object the prevention of
leakage through the outlet orifice and keyway or plug. For this
purpose the outlet orifice is closed by a conical valve acting upon a
conical seat, the valve being attached to but free to revolve on the end
of a screw plug which works up and down through a stuffing box and
packing to prevent leakage.
The screw plug is so formed as to press upon the packing either when

page_text: the cock is opened or closed, and the plug may be actuated to open and
close the valve by means of a knob or handle, which for ornamental
purposes may be of glass or it may be opened and closed by means of a
key, lever, or otherwise.