Working Mouldings on Stone.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan, 1887,
Complete Left, 12th Sept., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 14th Oct., 1887
Working Mouldings on Stone.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS FARRELL, of 148 West Polk Street, Chicago, County of Cook
and State of Illinois, United States of America, Stonecutter, do hereby declare the
nature of said invention for IMPROVED GAUGE FOR OBTAINING LINES, ANGLES AND
THE LIKE IN WORKING MOULDINGS ON STONE, to be as follows:―
This gauge is adapted for use in obtaining lines, angles and the like, in working
mouldings on stone.
In a bevel stock I mount a disk provided with a pointer having a stem carrying a
catch, and adapted to slide lengthwise of the bevel. In the head of the bevel stock is
formed a socket. A slotted Blade, preferably graduated, is adapted to engage the
catch on the stem of the pointer and the socket in the head respectively, as may he
desired in different kinds of work. A scriber is adapted to ride on this slotted blade
or to bind thereon as desired. This scriber is preferably provided with a loosely
pivoted socket for the pencil, and has the inner surfaces of its sides serrated or
roughened.
The disk and pointer are adapted to bind at any desired point along the bevel stock.
In obtaining lines for working a moulding around a circular base, or longitudinally
along the surface of a block of stone, the slotted blade is made to engage the catch
on the stem of the pointer, the scriber is placed on the said blade, with the pencil
contacting with the surface of the stone at the desired point, and the whole instrument
moved along the stone (or around the stone in circular work) and the pencil will trace
the line. The operation is repeated until all the desired lines are traced.
In obtaining mitre lines the slotted blade is made to engage the socket in the head
of the bevel stock and the scriber is placed on the blade with the point of the pencil
upon the point from which the mitre line is to start. While in this position the
scriber riding on the slotted blade, is moved over the face of the stone at the desired
angle, thus marking the mitre line.
On the bevel stock is also pivoted a plumb point for ascertaining whether a flat
member of the molding is level in a direction transverse to its length.
January 10th 1887
WILLIAM THOMAS FARRELL.

page_text: Working Mouldings on Stone.
1, WILLIAM THOMAS FARRELL, of 148 West Polk Street, in the City of Chicago,
County of Cook and State of Illinois, United States of America, Stonecutter, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVED GAUGE FOR OBTAINING
LINES ANGLES, AND THE LIKE IN WORKING MOULDINGS ON STONE," and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to promote accuracy in obtaining lines, angles, and
the like, in working stone and to economize time and labour in such work.
The invention consists in the means substantially as hereinafter described and
claimed.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all
the figures.
Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved instrument, part of the scriber being broken
away to show the serrated or file-like inner surfaces of its sides.
Figure 2 is a section on the line of Figure 1, the scriber having been
removed.
Figure 3 is an edge view showing the blade inserted in the head of the bevel, the
said head being in section.
Figure 4 is a plan view of the circular base of a column, with my improved
instrument thereon in position for use.
Figure 5 is a section of part of such base on the line y-y of Figure 4 and
showing the instrument in side elevation, and in dotted lines the profile of the moulding
to be worked.
Figure 6 is a face view of a block of stone on which a moulding is to be worked
longitudinally, showing the instrument as applied to obtain the necessary lines.
Figure 7 is a side view of a moulded cornice taken in the direction of the arrow in
Figure 8, and showing the instrument as applied to obtain the mitre line for returning
the moulding; and
Figure 8 is an end view of the same, illustrating also the application of the plumb
point to ascertain if a member of the moulding is level in the direction transverse to
its length.

page_text: The bevel stock A is provided with a longitudinal slot a at right angles to the main
slot formed by the two sides of the stock and on one of its side faces with a graduated
sliding plate B, and a pointer b. The stem or shank 6', on which the pointer b is mounted
extends through the said sliding plate and stock and is provided on its opposite
threaded end with a winged nut C for binding the disk B on the bevel at any desired
point along the same. Intermediately of the nut C, and graduated plate B, between
the two sides of the bevel, the stem b' is provided with a catch or projection c, for
engaging the slotted end of the graduated blade D when the latter is inserted in the
open side edge of the bevel stock, the catch entering the slot of the blade. When the
blade D is swung either to the right or left it will turn the pointer, and the angle
formed by the blade D and the side edge of the bevel will correspond to the angle
indicated by the pointer as will be readily understood.
The scriber E is slotted longitudinally, as shown clearly in Figure 7, so that it may ride
on the blade D, and bind thereon at any point, the inner faces of the sides of the scriber-
that is the parts of the scriber forming the walls of the longitudinal slot therein-are
serrated or file-like as shown at a¹ Figure 1, to enable the operator, with but a slight
pressure of the fingers, to bind the said scriber on the blade D when desired. The
scriber is also by preference, provided with a swivel socket F, for the pencil G.
To obtain the lines of a longitudinal moulding, after the profile of the moulding has
been indicated on the end of the stone with the aid of the mould or pattern in the
usual manner, the bevel A carrying the blade D, and scriber E, is placed on the top
bed of the stone as in Figure 6 and the point of the pencil placed on the point at the
end of the stone from which the line is to start, and the instrument is then moved or
slid along the stone, the bevel being held down on the top bed, and the scriber will
trace the line as it moves along. The pencil is then shifted to where the next line is
to be traced, and so on as before. With the inner surfaces of the sides of the scriber
serrated as before mentioned, a slight pressure of the fingers will suffice to firmly bind
it on the blade D, while the line is being drawn, and by reason of the swivel socket F,
the pencil will accommodate itself to the slight irregularities of the stone.
To obtain the lines for working a moulding on a circular base, the bevel is placed
on the top bed of the stone the same as in the instance above mentioned and the pencil
placed on the stone at a distance from the top corresponding to the distance therefrom
of the member of the moulding to be worked, and the instrument is swung around on
the top bed till the line is completed around the stone. The pencil is then moved
down to where the next line is to be traced and the operation just described repeated.
The advantages of the instrument in obtaining these lines will be readily apparent to
practical stonecutters.
In a recess in the end or head of the bevel is fitted the two part revolving socket H,
for the blade D, the parts hh of the said socket being made gradually wider toward
the bottom and at the extreme bottom edge are each formed with an outwardly
extending lip or tongue-shown in section in Figure 3-so that when the blade D is
inserted in the socket H, as shown in said Figure, the two parts will be forced
outward, as will readily be understood. It is evident that when the blade D) is inserted
only part way in the socket H, and turned, the said socket will turn with it, but when
the blade is forced home in the said socket it will be firmly held therein, and the
socket will be wedged against the wall of the recess in which it is seated.
A great desideratum also with stonecutters is to quickly get a correct mitre line
when about to continue a moulding on the end of a cornice or other stone after the
moulding has been worked on the face of the stone, or as it is technically termed
* returning "
"the moulding. To accomplish this with my invention, the slotted end of
the blade D is inserted in the head H at the proper angle, relatively to the longitudinal
axis of the bevel, as in Figures 7 and 8, and the scriber E, placed loosely on the said
blade, the bevel being placed on the top member of the moulding at or near the end
thereof, so that the point of the pencil will be on the point from which the mitre line
is to start. The bevel and blade are held firmly in this position with one hand,
while with the other the scriber is passed over the face of the stone, and,
being permitted to ride freely on the blade, forward or backward, up or down, it

page_text: will trace the mitre line accurately over the moulded face, no matter what the contour
of the same.
Should the size of the stone be such that the mitre line will be too long
for the scriber to trace it from the position of the instrument at the top of the stone,
the line is traced as far as the length of the scriber will permit, and the instument is
brought down to the end of the line thus traced and the scriber again started to
complete the line.
It is not absolutely necessary that the socket H, should revolve, or that it be divided,
as an ordinary socket in the head will sometimes answer for holding the blade D. The
revolving head is preferred, however, as it facilitates obtaining the mitre line when
the mitre is to be other than 45° and difficulty is experienced except by expert stone-
cutters in obtaining such lines. In practice, the pointer b, and nut C, are preferably
within the plane of the sides of the bevel, so as not to interfere with the easy working
of the bevel on its side.
To ascertain whether a member of the moulding is level in the transverse direction,
I have provided the pivoted plumb point I on the end of the bevel A. If a member
is not correct in this respect, it is readily discerned when the bevel is placed thereon,
the plumb point swinging to the right or left of the vertical center of the end of the
bevel when the member is other than true. As for example, at i, in Figure S. where
I have shown in full lines a member not true, and in dotted lines the member as it
should be.
In obtaining the lines for a straight moulding as in Figure 6, the rod or "straight
edge is usually employed and while this is generally satisfactory it will at times be
found advisable to employ my improved instrument.
It will be understood that the invention above described is capable of many uses
other than those above set forth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. An instrument of the character described constructed and operating substantially
as herein before set forth.
2. An instrument of the character described, consisting essentially of a bevel
having a socket in its head, a blade adapted to said socket, and a scriber, substantially
as shown and described.
3. The combination with a bevel stock having a longitudinal slot at right angles
to the main slot formed by the two sides of the stock, of an adjustable sliding stem
in said slot and a slotted blade adapted to engage the stem, substantially as shown and
described.
4. The combination with a bevel stock having a socket in its head and a longitudinal
slot at right angles to the main slot formed by the two sides of the stock, of an
adjustable sliding stem carrying a catch and carrying on its top a disk and pointer,
and a slotted blade, substantially as shown and described.
5. An instrument of the character described, comprising a bevel stock constructed
with a socket in its head and a longitudinal slot at right angles to the main slot, a
sliding stem carrying a catch, and a slotted blade adapted to engage either the catch
on the sliding stem or the head socket as required, substantially as shown and
described.
6. An instrument of the character described, comprising a bevel stock constructed
with a divided rotating head forming a socket, a sliding stem carrying a catch, and a
slotted blade adapted to either the socket head or the sliding stem and catch, sub-
stantially as shown and described.
7. An instrument of the character described, comprising a bevel stock constructed
with a divided, rotating head, the two parts of said head being wider at the bottom
than at the top, a sliding stem carrying a catch, a sliding plate and pointer mounted
on the stem, a slotted blade, and a scriber, substantially as shown and described.
8. An instrument of the character described, comprising a bevel stock A, having a
rotating head H, forming a socket, the slotted blade D, and a scriber E, substantially
as shown and described.

page_text: 9. An instrument of the character described, comprising the bevel A, the sliding
plate and pointer B, b, and the head H, the blade D and scriber E, substantially as
shown and described.
10. The combination with a bevel, of a plumb point pivoted on the end of the same,
substantially as shown and described.
11. The scriber E having a swivel socket, F, for the reception of a pencil, and
having the inner surfaces of its sides serrated, substantially as shown and described.
Dated this 25th day of June 1887.
WILLIAM THOMAS FARRELL.