IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS FOR INCREASING THE EVAPORATIVE EFFECT THEREOF, APPLI- CABLE ALSO TO STILLS AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS OR APPARATUB
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Wye Williams, of Liverpool, in the County
Palatine of Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS FOR INCREASING THE EVAPORATIVE EFFECT THEREOF, APPLI-
CABLE ALSO TO STILLS AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS OR APPARATUB."
Sealed the 8th March 1861, and dated the 16th November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Wye Williams
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1860.
I, CHARLES WYE WILLIAMS, of Liverpool, in the County Palatine of
Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAM BOILERS FOR INCREASING THE EVAPORATIVE EFFECT
THEREOF, APPLICABLE ALSO TO STILLS AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS OR APPARATUS," to be
as follows:
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of the flues or other heating
surfaces of steam engine and other boilers, stills, and like vessels, or apparatus,
and consists in an arrangement by means of which boiler flues or tubes are
enlarged and contracted at intervals varying in length or distance as may be
required, and which mode of constructing such or like heating surfaces for
increasing evaporative effectis likewise applicable tothebottom, sides, andother
parts of boilers. I effect this improvement in the flues or tubes of boilers or
ID0J7

page_text: like vessels by a succession of conical or angular shaped portions of the same
of any desired form or size, and which portions may be connected with each
other in various ways, as, for instance, by joining them so that the small end
of one shall be connected with the large end of the next by a suitable face
plate and so on throughout, or the wide ends of each pai: of conical or angular
tubes may be rivetted together, and these again connected in pairs by rivetting
their small ends until a tube or other required arrangement is obtained. By
the first described arra ngement a serrated surface or connection of similar
inclines is produced, and by the second a surface rising and falling in a series
of connected reversed inclines, and such surfaces may be flat, circular, or other-
wise formed. I neither limit myself to the precise details of these arrange-
ments, nor do I claim the ordinary construction of corrugated metal plates.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditious of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Wye Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
WYE WILLIAMS,Of Liverpool, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Gentleman,
send greeting,
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Wye Williams, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Wye Williams, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Charles Wye Williams, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAM BOILERS FOR INCREASING THE EVAPORATIVE EFFECT
THEREOF, APPLICABLE ALSO TO STILLS AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS OR APPARATUS,”
upon the condition (amongst others) tl.at I, the said Charles Wye Williams,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Wye Williams, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, that is to say:-
The object of my Invention in so far as it relates to steam boilers is to
present to the current of hot gases as it passes through the flues or tubes of
the said boilers, a series of surfaces which shall be so placed as to take up as
much of the heat of such gases as possible. This part of my Invention con-
sists in forming the flues or tubes with a series of faces or projecting surfaces
placed at right angles or nearly so to the direction of the current of hot gases,
and in connecting the successive faces or projectious with inclined surfaces so
that the whole shall form together a complete flue or tube. The effect of this
system of construction is to cause the boiler flues or tubes to be enlarged and
contracted at intervals varying in length or distance as may be required, as
described in my Provisional Specification. This mode of construction is equally
applicable to all surfaces designed for the conveyance of heat to liquids, such
for instance as the evaporating pans employed in the manufacture of sugar,
and its application to such surfaces constitutes part of my Invention. The
remaining part of my Invention consists in applying similarly constructed
surfaces to stills, refrigerators, and other apparatus used for cooling and
condensing purposes, but in this latter case the surfaces are reversed, the
liquid from which the heat is to be extracted being made to strike directly
upon the face plates or projections.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed I have illustrated the manner in which
my Invention may be conveniently carried into effect.
Figure 1 represents a section of a flue or tube constructed according to my
Invention, A, A, indicating the passage for the heated gaseous products, and
B, B, the several face plates or projections against which the said products
strike with a direct action (as marked by the arrows) as they pass onward.
The flues or tubes may be formed circular or rectangular, or any other
suitable form in section. They may likewise be made of any convenient
material, proportions, or dimensions. In ordinary cylindrical land boilers in
which the heated products of combustion are usually made to pass through
horizontal flues of one to two or more feet in diameter, and running the entire
length of the boiler, I prefer to make the projections constituting the face
plates about three inches 'deep, thus narrowing the area of the flue at that part

page_text: to that extent. The intervals between the several face plates I make from
6 to 12 inches in proportion to the diameter or breadth, and also to the length
of the flues. Where the flues or tubes are smaller, as in the case of loco-
motives, I prefer to make the face plate projections about 1 to 1inches wide,
and about 6 inches apart. Where bituminous coal is used, and there is a
likelihood of any deposit of soot or other matter being formed, I leave the
bottom or top part or both parts of such flues without any projection or face
plate and quite flat, so that such soot or deposit may easily be drawn out and
the flue or tube cleaned. Figures 2 and 3 represent respectively sections of
a circular and rectangular flue thus formed; A, A, being the space for the
heated products to pass; c, the bottom without any projection;
and B, B,
the face plates. Where there is a deficiency of water space or of area for
draught, the flues or tubes may be placed in such a position that the wide
part of one division shall be opposite the narrow part of the adjoining one, as
shewn in Figures 4 and 4*.
In the case of marine or locomotive boilers I dispense altogether with the
ordinary straight tubes, and in their place I introduce a series of vertically
placed flues of 4 or 5 feet in height, or divided into sections for the purpose
of strength according to the depth of the boiler, and about 3 to 4 inches wide
at the narrowest part, as shewn at Figure 5 in vertical section; a plan or
view from above is shown in Figure 6. Where flues or tubes are used either
for the purposes of evaporation or heating the feed water of boilers, and where
they are placed in a vertical position, the projecting face plates may be made
to occupy all sides, whether such plates or tubes be circular or angular.
In such cases they may be represented by Figures 7 and 8, offering a larger
area of face plate; A, A, being the passage for the heated current, and
B, B, the face plate for the direct action of the heated matter.
Where economy in the manufacture of such flues or apparatus may be im-
portant, such apparatus may be made as shewn by the dotted lines in Figure 9,
or in the form shewn in Figure 10. By thus dispensing with the angular
parts such flues may be made by means of suitable rollers, as in the manu-
facture of corrugated plates. In the use of the side plates of such flues with
or without the sharp angles, as shewn in Figures 4 and 6, the top and bottom
coverings may be made by plain flat plates, thus facilitating the clearing such
plates from any soot or sediment that may have been collected on them.
all cases where side plates may be used, as shewn in Figures 5 and 6, and
high-pressure steam required, the two sides may be strengthened by cross
stays as those used in the water spaces of the fire boxes of locomotive boilers.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
In

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not confine myself
to the precise details herein set forth, but I claim as my improvements, first,
the construction of steam boilers and other vessels for conveying heat to
liquids, with flues or tubes enlarged and contracted at intervals, and having
a series of face plates or projecting surfaces placed at right angles or nearly
so to the direction of the current of hot gases proceeding from the furnace
in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated
in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Secondly, the construction of stills, refrigerators, and other like apparatus
for cooling and condensing purposes with surfaces placed at right angles or
nearly so to the current of the fluid from which the heat is to be extracted
in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Wye Williams, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-one.
CHA. WYE WILLIAMS. (L.S.)