matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TUNNELLING UNDERNEATH THE BEDS OF RIVERS OR WATERCOURSES, AND THROUGH QUICKSANDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION- left by the said. Robert Morton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the.
15th March 1866.
I, ROBERT MORTON, of Stockton-upon-Tees, in the County of Durham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR TUNNELLING UNDERNEATH THE BEDS OF RIVERS OR WATERCOURSES,
AND THROUGH QUICKSANDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of hydraulic power to force a
tubular shield horizontally through the soft mud or sand at the bottom of
rivers or watercourses without interruption to the navigation. I make a
tubular shield of cast or wrought iron, or of any suitable metal, circular or
elliptical in form, and somewhat larger than the proposed tunnel. The front of
this shield is sharp or pointed like a wedge. Inside of the shield I fix hydraulic
presses (one or more); the pumps of these presses are worked by steam power
in the usual way. I fix a strong table of cast iron or any suitable metal on
the outer ends of the hydraulic rams to take the thrust or pressure.. I form
segmental rings of cast iron in suitable widths, with which I build the tunnel
as excavated by the shield, these rings having internal flanges with which
they are bolted together. They are made small enough to pass within the
shield and leave a proper space all round for packing. The shield will always
overlap the rings two feet, and in the space between I place india-rubber
tubes, expanded by pumping air or water into them, thus filling the space

page_text: and keeping out water or mud from the tunnel ;. or I use an india-rubber ring
or cupped leather fixed to the after part of the shield outside. On the bottom
of the segmental rings I fix longitudinal girders to suitable flanges for carry-
ing the roadway.
I will now describe the mode of operation:-The approach to the tunnel
having been made in the ordinary way within a suitable distance of the bed of
the river, I fix a few courses of the segmental rings to form the entrance to
the tunnel; the shield is then placed in front, the hydraulic presses are set to
work, the rams are forced out, and the table on their ends pressing against the
segmental rings, which act as an abutment or fulcrum, the shield is driven
forward a distance equal to the width of one course of the said rings; the
shield remains stationary, whilst the hydraulic rams are forced back into tho
cylinders. Another course of the segmental rings is bolted to the preceding
one, each course of rings forming an abutment for the hydraulic table, and
thus the process is repeated until the tunnel is completed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR BALLING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Colborne Brookes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
August 1866. A communication from abroad by Amédée Prouvost,
Jean Baptiste Lefebvre, and Henry Lefebvre, of Roubaix, in the Empire
of France.
I, WILLIAM COLBORNE BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR BALLING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES," (com-
municated to me from abroad by Amédée Prouvost, Jean Baptiste Lefebvre,
and Henry Lefebvre, of Roubaix, in the Empire of France,) to be as
follows:-
The balling of wool and other fibre is effected by winding on to pipes or
tubes ordinarily formed of metal with small flanges at each end, and these
pipes or tubes are supported between discs upon an axis to which the desired
rotary motion is given for the formation of the balls. In order to the
removal and replacement of these pipes or tubes for fresh balls one of the
discs is movable, and according to ordinary arrangements for the purpose the
removal and replacement of such discs is effected by screwing. The improve-
ments consist in applying this loose plate upon one end of a lever arm, the
other end of which may be weighted or otherwise balanced or have a tendency

page_text: to hold this loose plate either against the pipe or tube or from it during the
change and yet to hold it in position so that it may be capable of revolving
with the pipe or tube and the axis to which it is applied. The pipe or tube
is formed of wood or other suitable material with grooves or recesses in its
ends to take on to corresponding projections on the respective discs in order
that they may revolve together. By these means economy of time in use
and of expense in construction are effected.
A NEW OR IMPROVED. COMPOUND OR PREPARATION TO BE USED IN THE, TREATMENT OF JUTE AND CHINA GRASS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March 1866.-
A communication from abroad by Georges Hanot, Soap Manufacturer,
of 29, Boulevart St Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW OR IMPROVED. COMPOUND OR PREPARATION TO BE USED IN THE,
TREATMENT OF JUTE AND CHINA GRASS," to be as follows:-
Jute and China grasses require before being spun to be steeped or macerated
for a certain time in a fatty or oily matter. This has hitherto consisted of
whale oil to which is added a solution of soft soap and water.
This Invention relates to the use of a fatty preparation instead of the whale
oil above mentioned, whereby a saving of forty or fifty per cent. in the cost of
the treatment is obtained. This fatty preparation consists of oleine or oleic acid,
twenty-eight pounds; water, two hundred and eighty pounds; carbonate of
soda, two and one-eighth of a pound; soft soap, two and one-eighth of a pound;
or in other suitable proportions. These several materials are mixed together in
a vat, in which is projected a steam jet, this in condensing raises the whole to
a state of ebullition, it is then stirred up for about twenty minutes, the result
being about three hundred and fifty pounds of a milky white liquid suitable for
steeping jute and China grass in similar manner to the whale oil hitherto
employed. The above weight of oleine preparation is sufficient for steeping six
bales of jute. The process is exactly the same as when using whale oil, that is,.

page_text: a layer of jute is spread out in any suitable place and there sprinkled with the
above fatty or oily preparation; after this layer has absorbed a sufficient
quantity a second layer is placed on it, which is treated in the same way, and
The fibrous substance after being steeped for a certain time (twelve
hours for example) is then ready for spinning. The above preparation may
be used either in a hot or cold state, but preferrably when hot.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS IN COLOR UPON WOOLLEN, SILK, COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Greenhalgh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1866.
I, JOSEPH GREENHALGH, of Blackford Bridge, in the County of Lancaster,
Calico Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS IN COLOR UPON WOOLLEN, SILK,
COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is a process by which a white or undyed fabric
may be taken and dyed and otherwise treated so that when finished certain
parts (according to the required design) will remain free from dye, and of
the same color as the fabric before being operated upon, and also to prepare
the fabric so that the undyed parts may be printed upon in permanent colors
to produce ornamental effect when required, and my improvements consist in,
first, printing upon the white or undyed fabric by means of a printing machine
or by hand blocks, so as to cover and saturate with a solution those parts of
the fabric to be left white or undyed (according to the required design), the
solution used being such as will resist and protect the fabric from the action
of the dye, and is formed of gums, resins, coutchove, gutta percha, shellac, or
other suitable resins, fats, oils, or thickenings in solution with alcohols, ethers,
naptha, turpentine, wood spirit, methylie alcohol, sulphide of carbon, or any

page_text: other suitable ethereal spirit or solvent, and after printing with such solution,
the fabric is exposed to the action of the atmosphere to dry. It is afterwards
passed into a solution of bichloride or nitrochloride of tin, and is then washed
and afterwards is placed in a dye bath and dyed. The dyed fabric is well
washed and is afterwards subjected to a hot or cold bath, as may be required,
of alcohols, ethers, methylic alcohols, naptha, benzole, turpentine, or other
suitable ethereal or volatile oils or liquids, or suitable alkaloids, which bath
is for the purpose of removing the protecting or resisting matter or color
first printed upon the fabric; then the fabric is dried and finished in the
usual manner. When the undyed portions of the fabric treated as above
described are to be printed upon to produce permanent ornamental effect,
then the first process according to my Invention, prior to printing with the
solution for protecting the fabric from the action of the dye, is to pass the
fabric through a stannous solution to prepare it to take the color to be
permanently printed upon it after the protecting matter or resist has been
removed by the ethereal or volatile bath.
IMPROVED BEARINGS FOR SHAFTS AND AXLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Eades and William Thomas
Eades at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th October 1866.
We, WILLIAM EADES and WILLIAM THOMAS EADES, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED BEARINGS FOR SHAFTS AND AXLES," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention consists in a peculiar arrangement of friction rollers within.
the bushes, axle boxes, or journals carrying shafts or axles so as to prevent
such friction rollers from dropping together at any one part or getting fixed
in one circuit of rotation only, whereby their efficiency as friction rollers is
greatly reduced. To remedy this we mount the rollers on an annular disc by
sinking a necking or groove midway of the length of each roller, and placing
the roller at this necking in a hollow sunk in the edge of the annular disc.
The shaft or axle passes through this disc, and the friction rollers, each in their
own independent bearing upon the outer periphery of the disc, revolve upon
their own axes and also around the common centre formed by the shaft or
axle, carrying with them the disc upon which they are mounted, by which

page_text: double revolution a species of sun-and-planet motion is kept up, the friction
rollers being kept equidistant from each other and from their common centre,
and being thus prevented from dropping together by the housing of their
independent axes in the outer edge of the loose annular disc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF SOLUBLE ALKALINE SILICATES TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR BEING USED FOR PRESERVING STONE, WOOD, & OTHER MATERIALS, AND FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL STONE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Léon Mignot, residing at No. 148, Faubourg
St Denis, in the City of Paris, in the Empire of France, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF SOLUBLE ALKALINE SILICATES TO
RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR BEING USED FOR PRESERVING STONE, WOOD, &
OTHER MATERIALS, AND FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL STONE, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
Sealed the 23rd November 1866, and dated the 16th July 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Léon Mignot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
July 1866
I, LÉON MIGNOT, residing at No. 148, Faubourg St. Denis, in the City of
Paus, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF SOLUBLE ALKALINE
SILICATES TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR BEING USED FOR PRESERVING STONE,
WOOD, & OTHER MATERIALS, AND FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL STONE, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows -
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of soluble
alkaline silicates to render them suitable for being used for piesei ving stone,

page_text: wood, and other materials, and for manufacturing artificial stone, and for
other purposes.
In preparing soluble alkaline silicates according to this Invention I combine
them with mucilaginous matters. The liquid alkaline silicate is concentrated
to about 30 or 35 degrees Beaumé and is mixed with the mucilaginous liquid
in various proportions, according to the purpose for which the prepared silicate
is to be employed The matters capable of rendering the silicates mucilaginous
are very numerous, and according to the purpose for which the prepared
silicate is to be employed so may different substances be employed. Soluble
silicates thus prepared become unctuous, they dry much less rapidly, and
when dry their surface does not crack or flake off, they can also readily be
spread by a brush or otherwise over the surface of any material to which it
may be desired to apply them In some cases I also add to soluble silicates
combined as above described with mucilaginous malls, sand, of other
lated mineral substances. The mucilaginous matter which I prefer is a decoction
obtained by boiling linseed with water, but other similar mucilaginous
material may be employed -The action-of-mucilages upon the silicate is
mechanical rather than chemical, it separates the particles of silicate the one
from the other, and so retards the setting, and renders the contraction moro
regular, that is to say, the contraction no longer takes place in the mass, but
between the particles, so as to leave the surface slightly porous and in a state
favorable for the reception of color.
granu-
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING SULPHUR FROM SODA WASTE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Panajota Wilhelm Hofmann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th April 1866.
I, PANAJOTA WILHELM HOFMANN, of Dieuze, France, Ph. D. Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEPARATING SULPHUR FROM SODA WASTE," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in separating sulphur from
soda waste. The soda waste is taken directly from the soda lixiviating vessels,
and if it does not already contain chalk a small quantity should be added;
the waste is then spread out on a large floor, and moistened with a solution
of chloride of manganese; the mass is from time to time turned over
with a shovel in order to facilitate the admission of air, and frequently
sprinkled with water. The liquors which are thus obtained, the so called
yellow leys, are drawn off into a large and very deep pit, and then treated
with an acid solution of chloride of manganese introduced at the bottom of the
pit; this acid solution of manganese is such as is obtained in the manufactu:e
of bleaching powder, and by employing it in this way the acid which it
contains is utilized. The acid liquid is added until sulphuretted hydrogen
begins to be evolved; or hydrochloric or other acid may be employed. The
precipitated sulphur is allowed to deposit slowly the supernatant liquid drawn
off; the sulphur washed repeatedly with the acid solution of chloride of man-

page_text: ganese or with hydrochloric or other acid, then introduced into a steam boiler
containing some of the above-mentioned yellow leys, and therein fused under
pressure; the fused sulphur can then be drawn off through a stop-cock. Or
the sulphur may be melted without pressure in a solution of chloride of
calcium or any other suitable salt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFES OR STRONG ROOMS
Year: 1866

page_text: sold at ZA MONT
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(This Invention received Provisional Protection only
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Kurz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
:00201
June 1866 ALL T
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM KURZ, of Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Goldsmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFES OR STRONG ROOMS,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements relate principally to the doors of such safes or strong
rooms, and to the means of securing the same.
In the first place instead of having a door or doors to open upon hinges as
usually adopted I employ two or more doors sliding in grooves. I am aware
that it has been proposed to adapt a single sliding door to safes or strong
rooms, such sliding door fitting in grooves in three sides of the frame, and
sliding out through a long slit or opening cut or formed entirely through the
fourth side. This plan bas however not been found to be effectual, as the long
slit or opening through which the door was made to slide greatly weakened
that side of the safe or strong room in which it was made, and afforded
facilities for the introduction of wedges or other tools for wrenching open the
safe or strong room. Instead, therefore, of employing a single sliding door I
propose to apply two or more sliding doors so arranged as to slide in grooves
one behind the other, and to divide the safe or room into two or more com-
partments by a partition or partitions, so that only one compartment is open.
at a time; by this arrangement the grooves in which the doors slide are
carried round all four sides of the opening (that is, right, left, top, and

page_text: bottom), and there is no long slit or opening for the doors to slide out through,
as they do not slide out beyond the safe, but merely slide one before or behind
the other. This element of weakness being thus dispensed with, the safe or.
strong room is rendered much more secure, and the introduction of wedges or
other tools for breaking open the same much more difficult. As a further
protection I also propose to fill up the top or bottom groove (or both) in
which the front door slides by means of a hinged bar which cannot be removed
until the other door (which slides behind it) has been opened. I also fix a
dovetail bar across the opening about midway between the top and bottom, on
which bar a dovetail groove in the back of the sliding door fits. The doors
when closed may be locked by means of any ordinary lock, but I prefer to use
for that purpose the lock first described in the Provisional Specification accom-
panying a petition for Letters Patent for "Improvements in the Construction.
of Locks," filed in the Great Seal Patent Office upon the same date as the.
present application, and numbered 1597.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING EXPLOSIONS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Mark Evans at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
October 1866.
I, ISAAC MARK EVANS, of Delf, near Ruabon, in the County of Denbigh,
in Wales, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING EXPLOSIONS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in inserting a tube or small pipe inside the boiler in
the manner herein-after explained. One end of said pipe or tube passes
through the shell of the boiler and presents its orifice to the fire; the tube
rises through the water and steam space to nearly the top of the boiler,
where it may be secured by an eyebolt, and bends down so as to bring its
other end to the, level of the lowest point at which it is intended to let the
water stand. The end of said pipe is opened, and should any danger arise by
reason of the water sinking too low the steam rushes through the pipe and
drowns the fire. This arrangement it is seen acts as a safety valve and is
specially applicable to flued and waggon boilers. To give warning that the
water is sinking in the boiler two or more small holes may be placed near the
end of the pipe, one above the other, so that the gradual damping of the fire
would draw the attention of the person in charge before the water really
sank to the level of the orifice of the tube. There may be more than one of
such tubes so as to eject the steam on the fire at different points.
AN IMPROVED Tox
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Rowe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1866.
I, DANIEL ROWE, of Wokingham, in the County of Berks, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED Tox," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved carriage revolving toy constructed
as follows:-A carriage of any suitable form is mounted upon wheels and
provided with a handle or cord by which it may be drawn along the ground.
Fixed in this carriage is an upright wire (or wires), and upon the wire (or
cach of the wires) is placed a circular horizontal table in such a way that the
said table can revolve upon the wire and rests upon one of the running wheels
of the carriage or upon a wheel fixed upon the axle for that purpose. It will
be evident that (as these tables rest upon the wheels) whenever the carriage
is drawn along the tables will be caused to revolve, and upon these tables I
propose to fix toy soldiers, animals, or other small toys, which are thus set in
motion whenever the carriage is drawn along. The carriages may be made
with one, two, or more tables revolving in the same plane or one above the
other, and the tables are moveable on and off the wires, so that by having a
set of different tables with various kinds of soldiers or other small toys fixed
thereon, and changing them at pleasure, the appearance of the toy may be
altered, and one carriage may thus be adapted to several different toys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING OR CALCINING AND PREPARING FOR BURNING OR CALCINING COPPER, IRON, AND OTHER ORES CONTAINING SULPHUR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Knowles Muspratt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1866.
I, EDMUND KNOWLES MUSPRATT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING OR CALCINING AND PREPARING FOR BURNING OR
CALCINING COPPER, IRON, AND OTHER ORES CONTAINING SULPHUR FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the burning or calcining of
copper or iron pyrites or other substances containing sulphur which yield.
sulphurous acid on calcination for the purpose of producing sulphuric acid
as now generally practised, which said improvements are more generally
applicable to those substances when in a fine or powdered state, that is to say,
to those ores which are commonly known as pyrites "fine" or "smalls," but
under certain circumstances the Invention may be applied with advantage in
burning or calcining large or lumpy ores, first reducing them to the state of
powder.
Hitherto two methods of burning such ores in the powdered state have been
generally practised, that is to say, on plates or shelves with or without the
application of extraneous heat or by binding or cementing the fine pyrites

page_text: together by first mixing with clay and kneading the mixture until the mass
attains such a consistency as to be readily converted into the form of balls and
bricks which when dried give off their sulphur as sulphurous acid gas on
being burnt in an ordinary pyrites kiln. The latter process is objectionable
for many reasons, more particularly as by the presence of the clay the pro-
duction of the sulphuric acid from the sulphurous acid gas in the usual way is
greatly hindered or retarded.
This Invention consists in substituting for the clay the refuse oxide of iron
which has been used in the purification of coal gas, and which possesses all
the binding or cementing powers of ordinary clay, but which instead of being
deleterious and retarding the production of the sulphuric acid is on the contrary
beneficial, and greatly aids the production of the said acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES FOR KEEPING UP CONSTANT CURRENTS OF ELECTRICITY FOR RAILWAY TRAIN SIGNALS AND ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Horwood and Charles
Brumfit at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd February 1866.
We, ALBERT HORWOOD and CHARLES BRUMFIT, both of No. 1, Pall Mall
West, in the Parish of St. James, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GALVANIC BATTERIES FOR KEEPING UP CONSTANT CURRENTS OF ELECTRICITY FOR
RAILWAY TRAIN SIGNALS AND ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
The Invention for generating electricity in a galvanic battery consists of an
amalgam of zinc and mercury in addition to acids, viz., we purefy the zinc in
the ordinary way, and then place it in a melting pot with some mercury, and
amalgamate them by fusion, and then cast the amalgam in the shape which
will be most convenient for the cell of a galvanic battery. The proportions of
mercury and zinc which we find give a good result are about 5 pounds of mercury
to 1 cwt. of zinc, but we do not confine ourselves to such proportions.
The arrangement which we prefer for keeping up constant currents of
electricity consists of a mixture of grease or oil deposited on the surface of the
acid in each electric battery cell, so that whatever oxide may arise on the
metals for the generating of electricity the oil or grease will prevent such oxide
from forming short circuits of electricity between each electric battery cell, and
greatly diminish the local action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC AND RIBBED FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Belfield, of Pepper Street, Hyson Green,
Nottingham, Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC AND RIBBED FABRICS."
Sealed the 14th June 1867, and dated the 20th December 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Belfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1866.
I, SAMUEL BELFIELD, of Pepper Street, Hyson Green, Nottingham,
Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC AND RIBBED FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
elastic and ribbed fabrics. In producing elastic and ribbed fabrics in a twist
lace machine I employ a complement of three warps to each bobbin ; two of
these are working warp threads, and are front and back respectively; the
other is a standing or dead warp thread, and is of vulcanized india-rubber
when an elastic fabric is to be produced; or in other cases it is a thick thread
to form a cord; these latter warp threads are in between the working warp
threads. The fabric is produced by causing all the front warp threads to

page_text: traverse whilst the bobbins are in the front; it may be two or more gates, but
I prefer that it should be three gates. At the next or back motion all the
back warp threads traverse a similar distance; then on the following front
motion the front warp threads return, and in the next back motion the back
warp threads return, and so the work goes on. It will be seen that the warp
threads do not twist with the carriage threads, but at the end of each traverse
each warp thread becomes snared or caught by another warp acting with the
carriage opposite which it is standing, and so the whole fabric from selvage to
selvage is produced, the working warp threads plaiting over the surface of the
standing or dead warps which are thus completely enclosed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE VALVES, PISTONS, CYLINDERS, AND ALL INTERNAL PARTS OF STEAM ENGINES WHERE THE STEAM HAS ACCESS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frankland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1866.
I, WILLIAM FRANKLAND, of Lower Broughton, near the City of Manchester,
Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature. of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE VALVES, PISTONS, CYLINDERS,
AND ALL INTERNAL PARTS OF STEAM ENGINES WHERE THE STEAM HAS ACCESS," to
bo as follows:-
My improved apparatus for lubricating the valves, pistons, cylinders, and
all internal parts of steam engines to which the steam itself bas access consists
of a ram or force pump which forces tallow into the steam pipe or steam
chest at each stroke of the engine, the quantity of tallow forced into the steam
being increased, or diminished, or totally shut off at the option of the engineer
by means of a steam-tight tap which regulates the supply of tallow, and an
overflow valve which disposes of that portion of the tallow which has been
received into the ram chamber, but not forced into the steam. At each stroke
of the engine the ram receives a uniform supply of tallow through a clack or
valve from a tallow cistern in which the ram chamber is placed. Part of this
tallow is forced into the steam in proportion as the steam-tight tap placed
between the ram chamber and the steam pipe or steam chest is more or less
open, and the remainder is forced back again into the tallow cistern through
the overflow valve, the pressure on which per square inch greatly exceeds that
of the steam in the boiler.

page_text: What I intend to claim as new in this apparatus for lubricating the internal
parts of steam engines is, the application of the mechanical contrivance for
providing for the return of the surplus tallow from the ram chamber into the
tallow cistown
What I intend to claim as new in this apparatus for lubricating the internal
parts of steam engines is, the application of the mechanical contrivance for
providing for the return of the surplus tallow from the ram chamber into the
tellem cistern
I make no claim to the Invention of the ram for forcing tallow into the
steam as that is old
Q
I make no claim to the Invention of the ram for forcing tallow into the
steam as that is old
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE FROM GAS AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th August
1866.
I, CHARLES BROWN, of 43, Mark Lane, in the City of London, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE FROM GAS AND OTHER LAMPS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved apparatus applicable to the
globes of lamps in which gas or oil is burned for the purpose of consuming
the carbon or smoke escaping from the flame, and consists of a ring of metal
to which is affixed a cylinder of wire gauze of a slightly tapering form
surmounted by a dome or cap of similar gauze, in the centre of which is a
handle for the purpose of adjusting or removing the apparatus to or from the
globe of the lamp. The slight amount of heat impinging upon the gauze
dome is sufficient to consume the escaping carbon, and while the interstices of
the gauze cylinder and dome permit of the free current of air passing through
the chimney glass or globe the carbon or smoke is consumed by contact with
the wire gauze, and is thus prevented from injuring or soiling the ceiling,
walls, pictures, and frames, and furniture. The flame is steadied and little or
no shadow is thrown on the ceiling by the use of this consumer. The gauze
may be of iron, copper, or other suitable metal, which may be platenized
in order to render it capable of enduring any amount of heat. The apparatus
may be rendered ornamental by a figured border attached to the ring and

page_text: round the edge of the cap or dome. It may be made of a cylindrical section
or of a polygonal section according to taste.
By this Invention the necessity of suspended bell glasses may be dispensed
with and gas used where heretofore it could not be used in consequence of its
injury to valuable decorations and furniture, as the apparatus will be found to
consume every particle of smoke emitted from the flame.
In some cases I propose to form the dome of double layers of gauze with a
small space between the two.
In- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLEANING WOOL-AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Edmund Lazonby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
October 1866.-A communication from abroad by Charles G. Sargent, of
Graniteville, Massachusets, United States of America.
I, RICHARD EDMUND LAZONBY, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLEANING WOOL-AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."-As commmunicated to me from abroad by Charles
G. Sargent, of Graniteville, Massachusets, United States of America, to be
as follows:-
The wool or other fibrous material to be opened and cleaned is carried by a
travelling lattice or apron to grooved or toothed feed rollers, from whence it
passes to a revolving beater or burring cylinder working above a curved grid
or grate, through which the heaviest refuse escapes, there being above the
beater a grating open to a revolving fan and pipe for carrying off the dust
and lighter refuse. From the beater the material passes between toothed
rollers to a brush chamber in which there is a fan and brush. combined
revolving at the required speed, and from this chamber the material after
being finally opened and cleaned passes through a spout to any desired place.

page_text: Below the brush at the back of the beater there is a stationary guard made of
a straight piece of metal with slots in it and screwed on the lining of the
brush chamber; this piece is adjustable to the beater, and care should be taken
to have this guard set to within the thickness of a sheet of paper to the beater,
especially when burring Mestizo wools.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER Looms
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Newcombe Atkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1866.
I, WILLIAM NEWCOMBE ATKINSON, of Craigmore, Newry, Ireland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER
Looms," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to power looms for weaving linen
fabrics, whereby finer cloth can be woven in a power loom than heretofore.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ in a linen power loom
reeds having dents or splits composed of cane (as used in a linen hand loom)
in lieu of iron or steel as heretofore used in power looms; it is further pro-
posed to employ in linen power looms a weighted shuttle running on wheels
or rollers similar to those used in hand looms. The sleigh is suspended by
perpendicular arms from an overhead rocking tree in lieu of being attached
to the usual sword arms secured to a rocking tree at the foot of the loom; it
is further proposed to adopt such a combination of mechanism for driving the
sleigh as shall admit of the beat up or traverse of the sleigh over the yarn
being regulated or varied at will without interfering with the cranks which
give motion to such sleigh.
One mode of effecting this object consists in the employment of perpen-
dicular rods or links which are connected at their upper ends directly to the
cranks, whilst their lower ends are guided in any suitable manner to enable
these rods to move up and down and laterally with the revolution of the

page_text: cranks. It is to these rods that the sleigh is connected by means of connecting
rods,
which are adjustable at one end up or down the perpendicular rods, so
as to be capable of being brought nearer to or further from the cranks, the
nearer they are to the cranks the greater will be the motion of the sleigh,
and vice versa. This part of my Invention is applicable to the driving of the.
ordinary sleighs of linen and other power looms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SALT CELLARS, AND BOXES, DISHES, OR VESSELS CONTAINING OTHER CONDIMENTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Bourdier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th Juno
1866.
I, EMILE BOURDIER, of Paris, Department of Seine, in the Empire of
France, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SALT CELLARS, AND BOXES, DISHES, OR
VESSELS CONTAINING OTHER CONDIMENTS," to be as follows:-
In order to preserve salt, pepper, or other condiments, when placed upon
the table or side board from the introduction of dust, dirt, or other foreign
matters more or less prejudicial to health, I place over the salt cellars, or the
boxes or dishes containing other condiments, covers or lids moveable in one or
other of the ways illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing forming
part of this my Provisional Specification.
Figure 1 shews my improved arrangement for raising or lowering the lids
or covers, a, a, indicating salt cellars or receptacles for different condiments;
b, b', their covers or lids; c, c', 'extensions of such covers or lids or lever armis
attached thereto; d, d¹, pins passing through the ornamental branches e, e¹,
and lever arms c, c', to form pivots for the lids b, b¹; f, vertical piece or lever
held loosely between the branches e, e, at the points 9, 9¹; h, top of piece f;
i, bottom of same; j, plate uniting the two salt cellars and strengthening the
the whole apparatus.
The action is as follows:-When the apparatus is moved from one place
to another it is held by the top h of the vertical lever f which is thus

page_text: raised between the branches e, e¹, until it is arrested by the points g, g',
meeting a swelling or protuberance on its surface. While the piece fis
thus raised, the lids b, b¹, are in a horizontal position, and when it is
released on the apparatus being set down it descends until the lower
part i rests on the lever arms or parts c, c¹, of the lids, which are then in
the position shewn in dotted lines; the lids may now be raised simultaneously
by pressing with the finger on the top of the piece f, which, lowering
again until arrested at 9, 91, depresses the levers c, c', and raises the lids;
on pulling up the piece f the lids descend by their own weight and resume a
horizontal position. This mode of lifting the lid may be applied to a single salt
cellar, mustard pot, or other condiment holder, as well as to a double one, or
to a combination of four or more, as may be desired.
Figure 2 shews a pair of salt cellars a, a', placed beneath a couple of cruets,
the lids b, b', bere carry the cruets, and are connected by a cross plate k which
supports the standard l, the pin m of which passes through this plate k and
enters a socket piece n fixed to the under part of the plate and in which it
pivots. On turning the standard 1 to the right or to the left, the lids b, b',
pass with the cruets from off the salt cellars, and by reversing the motion they
are replaced. It will be evident that more than two cruets and salt cellars
may be combined in this manner if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF TUBULAR BOILERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1866.-A communication from Eugène Petry Chaudoir, Boiler
Manufacturer, residing at Liege, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF TUBULAR BOILERS," communicated to me by Eugène Petry
Chaudoir, Boiler Manufacturer, a person residing at Liege, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of tubular boilers
allowing of more easily withdrawing the tubes for cleaning. It consists in
making these tubes moveable by means of one or more suitable nuts placed at
one or both ends, which, while holding the ends of the tubes against the
boiler end plates, may easily be unscrewed to allow of their removal.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE REVIVIFICATION OF ANIMAL. CHARCOAL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cormack at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1866.
I, WILLIAM CORMACK, of Commercial Road, in the County of Middlesex,
5 Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE REVIVIFICATION OF ANIMAL.
CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
Animal charcoal after it has been in use for decolorizing solutions of sugar,
after a longer or shorter period becomes inert and unfit for further use.
Hitherto the only successful mode of revivifying such inert or spent charcoal
has been to calcine or burn it in closed or nearly closed retorts or vessels.
The object of my Invention is to effect revivification in less time and at
less cost than by calcing or burning, and I accomplish this by passing
superheated steam through amongst a mass of the inert charcoal, the said
charcoal being contained in apparatus constructed substantially as herein-after
described. A metallic or other vessel of a cylindrical or other shape is
employed to contain the inert charcoal. The said vessel is provided with
doors at the filling and emptying ends, and is placed preferably in a vertical
position, and set in brickwork so that heat can when desired be applied

page_text: externally. At the top of the charcoal vessel superheated steam is admitted
through pipes into a perforated distributor or its equivalent, so as to cause the
steam to permeate the whole mass, and at the bottom there is a pipe or pipes
for conveying away the steam, gases, colouring and other matters, as well as
a pipe for any water of condensation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING, PRINTING, CUTTING, AND MANUFACTURING ARTICLES FROM WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Tomlinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1866.
I, EDWARD TOMLINSON, of 85, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORNAMENTING, PRINTING, CUTTING, AND MANUFACTURING ARTICLES FROM WOOD AND
OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing and placing
designs on wood, card, paper, or other material, particularly on scale board,
for match boxes and other similar articles, which are cut, creased, bent, and
printed or stamped at one operation. "This is effected by placing cutters
made of any suitable metal or material in combination with the printing press
or machine, so that the wood, card, or other material is first cut through and
then stamped or printed, and with boxes also creased and bent, the whole
being the result of one combined action. In some cases, however, I prefer to
print the design or label before the cutting out, and with boxes before creasing,
bending, and cutting, and in some cases I prefer to cut, crease, and. bend.only.
without printing. These modes of stamping or printing and cutting out at.
one operation are also very advantageous in preparing show and advertisement
boards, tablets, envelopes, spills, matches, and many other articles requiring
printing or decorating, and also for decorating the insides or outsides of houses.
and other buildings.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR. PROTECTING HATCHWAYS IN SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fleming at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March.
1866.
I, WILLIAM FLEMING, of Landport, in the County of Hants, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR.
PROTECTING HATCHWAYS IN SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to prevent water from entering the hatch--
ways of a ship or vessel in a gale at sea, while at the same time- provision is
made for ventilation; this I propose to effect in the following manner :-
The hatches may be constructed to open and be made of glass, wood, or other
suitable material so as to afford light and ventilation in the usual way during
fine weather.
My improved arrangements consist in having or employing sheets of metal,
such as lead, which is the most convenient, or iron, the said sheets to be
placed over the hatches when shut down in a gale or storm. Where the
batches are open work, as wire work or iron or wood lattice work, as is not
unfrequently the case over the engine room in steam ships, no preparation
will be necessary, but in other cases where the hatches are constructed of-
solid work, such solid work must be pierced with holes for the purpose about
to be described. In the sheets of metal above mentioned, and at the distance

page_text: of about a foot apart, I have brass, copper or other metal tubes inserted,
and secured by being screwed or otherwise, and having their upper ends
turned downwards like a hook. These tubes must be made to open into the
hatchway by suitable and corresponding holes in the hatches when they
are constructed of solid work as above mentioned. These sheets of metal may
be secured by longitudinal bars of iron to be securoly bolted down or by
other means, such fastenings being constructed so as to be removeable at
pleasure.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PORTABLE BATH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wyatt Arford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1866.
I, CHARLES WYATT ARFORD, of Lifford, King's Norton, Worcestershire,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " A NEW
OR IMPROVED PORTABLE BATH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved portable bath. According to
this Invention it is proposed to employ a square or oblong sheet of textile
fabric perfectly waterproofed, which sheet is suspended and held up on the four,
sides and corners by means of upright standards connected together at their
bases by horizontal rods, which said rods (and standards also, if required) can
be elongated or shortened at pleasure, and are attached to the bases of the
standards by means of a hinge at one end and a dovetail joint at the -other,
the frame being readily put up and taken down..