MAKING, MIXING, COMPOUNDING, IMPROVING, OR ALTERING OF SOAP
Year: 1835

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
LEMAN, of Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fourth day of June, in the fifth year of His reign, did, for
Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James
Leman, in consequence of a communication made to me by a certain person
residing abroad, His special license, that I, the said James Leman, my
exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Leman, my
exors, adñiors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also within all His Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention for the "MAKING, MIXING,
COMPOUNDING, IMPROVING, OR ALTERING OF SOAP;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said James Leman, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describo and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, and to cause the saine to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance-with-the said proviso, I, the said
James Leman, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and ascertained in
the manner following (that is to say):-
The oxymuriatic gas or chlorine is sold in commerce combined with soda,
with potash, and with lime, under the denominations of the chlorate or
oxymuriate of soda, the chlorate or oxymuriate of potash, and the chlorate
or oxymuriate of lime, the first. two in a state of solution, and the last in
an earthy state. Chlorine combined with these three alkaline substances
has been employed in washing and bleaching; but where combined with
soap as described below, advantagos and considerable economy are effected in
both those operations, and that combination I claim as my Invention. The
following are my processes or combinations.
First. To make chlorated soap in employing the chlorate or oxymuriate of
soda. 1st. Take equal quantities by measure of a solution of chlorate of soda
of a specific gravity of 1,089 and of oil; and' mix them perfectly together.
2ndly. Heat this mixture over a very gentle fire, to assist its combination.
3rdly. Add to the mixture ley of caustic soda, and continue the operation
in the same manner as done by soap makers, employing successively the ley
of various degrees until the saponification is complete. If, instead of oil, it
is wished to employ fat or other saponifiable substance, it will be necessary
to melt it previously over the fire, and then make the mixture with the
solution of chlorate of soda, and proceed in the same manner as is above
directed for oil.
Second. Chlorated soap by the chlorate of potash.-The process for the
manufacture of this soap is the same as the preceding. Mix equal parts
by measure of a solution of chlorate of potash of a specific gravity of 1.089
and oil or fat; or a mixture of both. Heat the mixture gently, and add
the quantity of ley of caustic potash, or of caustic soda, necessary to render
the soap perfect. In other respects proceed in the same manner as the
common manufacturers do.
Third. Chlorated soap by the chlorate of lime.-To make this soap, first
mix thoroughly one part by weight of chlorate of lime with three parts of
water; let the insoluble part subside, and draw off the clear solution, which
is commonly of a specific gravity of about 1.072; make a mixture of this
solution with an equal quantity of oil or fat, or of a mixture of both, and

page_text: stir up this mixture at intervals during three days, so that the combination
of the chlorate of lime with the oil or fat may be complete. Thirdly, add ley
of caustic soda at different degrees of strength as is done by manufacturers to
make common soap.
Nota. If fat or grease is employed it will be necessary to mix it with the
chlorated solution in a heated state. In other respects the process is the
same as before described. The chlorated solution may be employed weaker,
that is to say, if a specific gravity of 1:033 or more. After having made
the mixture with. the oil, it will be necessary to stir it well and let it settle
for twenty-four hours; draw off the water, then repeat this operation until
the oil is saturated with chlorine to the degree desired. As to the quantity
of water retained by the mixture, it will be separated from it during the
process of saponification, and will remain mixed with the water of the ley
employed. These kinds of soaps may be made by mixing the ingredients
cold, and letting them remain for at least twenty-four hours, stirring them
often. The ley must be employed at 1.360 in proportion of one third of the
quantity of oil used; apply a gentle heat (a water or steam bath is preferable
on account of the colour) until the saponification is complete. If common
soap is melted in a solution of chlorate of soda upon a moderate fire, this
soap will become chlorated, but it never will be so well combined as that of
which the manufacture is above described. A solution of chlorate of lime
may also be added to common soap dissolved; by this means a chlorated soap
will be obtained. If it is wished not to employ the chlorates of soda, of
potash, or of lime, for the manufacture of soap, they may be replaced by
water saturated with chlorine; or it is still better to saturate the oil or grease
by means of a current of chlorine applied directly to it without the interven-
tion of any alkali.
I claim also to form a chlorated soap through the medium of a combination
of chlorine with all other alkaline substances.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Leman, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of December, in
the year of our Lord 1835, the aforesaid James Leman came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Third day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.