IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING AND PURIFYING SEWAGE AND MAKING MANURE THEREFROM
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cameron Sillar, of 62, Cornhill, in the
City of London, Bullion Broker, Robert George Sillar, of No. 3,
Grange Road, Upper Norwood, Gentleman, and George William
Wigner, of Grove Lane, Camberwell, Chemist, both in the County
of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING AND
PURIFYING SEWAGE AND MAKING MANURE THEREFROM."
Sealed the 28th October 1868, and dated the 15th June 1868.
5
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cameron Sillar,
Robert George Sillar, and George William Wigner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th
June 1868.
We, WILLIAM CAMERON SILLAR, of 62, Cornhill, in the City of
London, Bullion Broker, ROBERT GEORGE SILLAR, of No. 3, Grange
Road, Upper Norwood, Gentleman, and GEORGE WILLIAM WIGNER, of

page_text: Grove Lanc, Camberwell, Chemist, both in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DEODORIZING AND PURIFYING SEWAGE AND MAKING MANURE THERE FROM," to be as
follows:-
We add to the sewage to be purified, which should be collected in
tanks, the following substances:-Alum, blood, clay, magnesia or one
of its compounds, manganese or one of its compounds, burnt clay
otherwise known as ballast, chloride of sodium, animal or vegetable
charcoal, and magnesian limestone. One or more of these substances
may in some cases be omitted. On the addition of these substances the
greater part of the organic and inorganic matters contained in the
sewage are precipitated, and the sewage is rendered clear and inodorous,
or nearly so. The sediment obtained from the sewage as mentioned
above will then be found to possess the power of precipitating and
deodorizing a further quantity of sewage if mixed with it. We in some
cases treat the residue with acid to render it more suitable for use as
manure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Cameron Sillar, Robert George Sillar, and
George William Wigner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, WILLIAM
CAMERON SILLAR, of 62, Cornhill, in the City of London, Bullion Broker,
ROBERT GEORGE SILLAR, of No. 3, Grange Road, Upper Norwood,
Gentleman, and GEORGE WILLIAM WIGNER, of Grove Lane, Camberwell,
Chemist, both in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said William Cameron Sillar, Robert George
Sillar, and George William Wigner, Her special licence that we, the said
William Cameron Sillar, Robert George Sillar, and George William
Wigner, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,

page_text: the said William Cameron Sillar, Robert George Sillar, and George
William Wigner, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING AND PURIFYING SEWAGE AND MAKING
MANURE THEREFROM," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said William Cameron Sillar, Robert George Sillar, and George William
Wigner, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of
us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and inmediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George William Wigner, on behalf
of myself and the said William Cameron Sillar and Robert George
Sillar, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
say:
We add to the sewage to be purified a mixture consisting of the
following ingredients:-Alum, blood, clay, magnesia, or one of its
compounds, by preference the carbonate or the sulphate, manganate of
potash, or other compound of manganese, burnt clay otherwise known
as ballast, chloride of sodium, animal charcoal, vegetable charcoal, and
magnesian limestone. Of these substances the manganese compound,
the burnt clay, choride of sodium, and magnesian limestone may be
omitted, and it is not essential that both animal and vegetable charcoal..
should be used. If any of the ingredients named should from any
cause be present in sufficient quantity in the sewage it may of course
be omitted from the mixture. The proportions in which the ingredients
are to be used vary according to the nature of the sewage to be purified,
as, for instance, if a large proportion of urine is present we increase the
proportion of clay, if the sewage is much diluted we slightly increase..
the proportion of alum and blood, if it contains a large proportion of
street, refuse we decrease the proportion of clay...

page_text: For ordinary sewage the following propormons are as
Alum
Blood
Clay
600 parts.
1
1,900
"
Magnesia
Manganate of potash
Burnt clay
-
Chloride of sodium
Animal charcoal
Vegetable charcoal
Magnesian limestone
"
5
"
10
وو
25
دو
10
"
15
"
20
"
2
"
These substances are mixed together and added to the sewage to be
purified until a further addition produces no further precipitate. The
quantity required will be about four pounds of the mixture to one
thousand gallons of sewage. In many cases it is preferable to mix the
above compound with a small quantity of water, and add it in a liquid
state to the sewage. The sewage must then be thoroughly mixed with
the compound and allowed to flow into settling tanks. The greater part
of the organic and other impurities will be immediately separated in
the form of large flakes, which rapidly fall to the bottom, leaving the
supernatant water clear and inodorous, or nearly so.
The water may
then be allowed to flow away into a river, or be disposed of in any
other way, and the sediment or mud allowed to accumulate at the
bottom of the tank. In some cases it is preferable to add the compound
of manganese to the water after the sediment produced by the other
ingredients has been allowed to subside. The sediment will be found
to possess the power of precipitating a further quantity of sewage; it
must therefore be pumped or otherwise taken from the tank and mixed
with fresh sewage, the sediment being allowed to subside in the same
way as before. The sediment may be used five or six times over in
this way. When the sediment no longer possesses the power of pre-
cipitating the impurities in the sewage it must be removed from the
tank and allowed to dry; when partially dry a small quantity of acid, by
preference sulphuric acid, may be mixed with it, which will retain all
the ammonia in a soluble form. When dried the sediment will be a
valuable manure.

page_text: the mixture of chemical substances above described, and the so obtaining
a sediment which may be used as manure.
Second. The deodorizing and purifying sewage by means of mud
already precipitated from sewage, as above described.
Thirdly. The addition of an acid to the mud in order to retain
ammonia and fit it for use as a manure, as above described.
In witness whereof, I; the said George William Wigner, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight
G. W. WIGNER. (L.S.)