IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL EYES
Year: 1884

page_text: TRUYRIONAL
DIECIFICATION.
"
I FREDERICK SCHUTZE of N° 14 South Street, Finsbury, in the county of
Middlesex, Merchant do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL EYES to be as follows:-
65
"
This invention relates to the manufacture of artificial eyes the object of the
improvements being to render such articles less liable to injury than hitherto,
artificial eyes made according to my invention being practically unbreakable.
In carrying out my invention I make the sclerotic of celluloid and combine the
same with an iris, cornea and pupilla of glass as hereinafter described.
The iris, cornea and pupilla are formed out of a solid piece of glass colored in the
usual manner but I form the same with a groove all round its periphery and a
rebate round its front edge. The sclerotic is formed of celluloid and is moulded
onto the glass portion of the eyes just described the groove and rebate therein
retaining the two parts together. At the rebate the cornea is covered with a very
thin layer of celluloid, its colour being visible through the celluloid and forming-the
natural border or shading off between the cornea and sclerotic. The glass portion
of the eye may be formed of the required color to form the natural border or
shading off in which case the rebate is not required. The glass portion of the eye
is in some cases covered with celluloid at the back but in other cases the celluloid
backing may be omitted. In cases where the glass portion of the eye has to be too
thin to allow of its being formed with a groove as above described I form it with
a number of fine holes or with a rim. In the latter case the back of the glass must
be covered with celluloid which I apply in a fluid state.
For the purpose of giving to the celluloid the proper colour of the sclerotic I have
found the following composition to give good results, viz, about :-
576 grains Collodion
46
"
White protoxyde of zinc

page_text: It will be obvious that the ultramarine, the Naples Yellow and the Amaranth
red may be replaced by anilino colours and that the proportions of the coloring
matters will depend upon the shade to be given to the sclerotic.
I produce the veins by either covering the completed eyo with a thin coat of
shellac upon which when dry I etch the veins and fill with nitric acid which eats
into the celluloid after which I fill them with red fluid celluloid, or I use alcohol
dyed red with aniline instead of nitric acid. Tho shellac is then removed and the
veins will then have a natural appearance.
In manufacturing artificial cyca of inferior quality I use plain glass for the cornea
and pupilla and place and fix at the back of the same a representation of the iris 1
and pupilla on paper which is covered with celluloid.

page_text: 16
DEEVITICATION.
I FREDERICK SCHUTZE of No 14 South Street Finsbury in the County of
Middlesex Merchant do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL EYES" and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of artificial eyes the object of the
improvements being to render such articles less liable to injury than hitherto,
artificial eyes made according to my invention being practically unbreakable.
In carrying out my invention I make the sclerotic of celluloid and combine the
same with an iris, cornea and pupilla of glass as hereinafter described.
The iris, cornea and pupilla are formed out of a solid piece of glass colored in the
usual manner but I form the same with a groove all round its periphery and a
rebate round its front edge. The sclerotic is formed of celluloid and is inoulded on
to the glass portion of the eyes just described the groove and rebate therein
retaining the two parts together. At the rebate the cornea is covered with a very
thin layer of celluloid, its colour being visible through the celluloid and forming the
natural border or shading off between the cornea and sclerotic. The glass portion
of the eyo may be formed of the required color to form the natural border or
shading off in which case the rebate is not required. The glass portion of the eye
is in some cases covered with celluloid at the back but in other cases the celluloid
backing may be omitted. In cases where the glass portion of the eye has to be too
thin to allow of its being formed with a groove as above described I form it with
a number of fine holes or with a rim. In the latter caso the back of the glass must
bo covered with celluloid which I apply in a fluid state.
For the purpose of giving to the celluloid the proper colour of the sclerotic I have
found the following composition to give good results viz, about

page_text: In manufacturing artificial eyes of inferior quality I-use plain glass for the cornea
and pupilla and place and fix at the back of the same. a representation of the iris
and pupilla on paper which is covered with celluloid.
Having now particularly described. and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
(1) An artificial eye having the sclerotic made of celluloid and the iris, cornea
and pupilla of glass as bereinbefore described.
(2) The described method of producing the veins in artificial eyes of celluloid.
(3) An artificial eye manufactured from celluloid and having a representation of
the iris and pupilla on paper covered. with celluloid fixed at the back of a cornea
and pupilla of plain glass as and for the purposes herein before described.