A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE. CARBURATION OF GAS IN RAILWAY AND. OTHER CARRIAGE LAMPS AND LANTERNS
Year: 1884

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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION..
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I EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex,
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of said
invention for A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE.
CARBURATION OF GAS IN RAILWAY AND. OTHER CARRIAGE LAMPS AND LANTERNS"
(A communication to me from abroad by Jules Emmanuel Dery of 28 rue du,
Marteau Brussels, Belgium Engineer) to be as follows:-
.
I
This invention refers to a new mode or system for the carburation of ordinary:
gas and to the construction and arrangement of the lamps for carrying the
invention into effect and whereby the gas is made equal to rich gas for the
supply of ordinary reflector - lanterns railway, carriage and other lamps by
means of solid carburetting material such as sublimated napthalines in powder,
cakes or pieces which requires to be raised to a certain temperature to produce
volatilization.'
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As applied to a railway carriage lamp above the body of the reflector which is
generally enamelled being employed- for reflecting the light and surrounding the
central chimney which serves for the exit of the products of combustion is placed '
a receiver for the carburetting material by, one or two openings closed by threaded
stoppers. The gas is admitted by a main-pipe, passes through the case going out**
through a lower burner tap and enters a receiver, by an opening from which it
passes by another opening after having been obliged to go round the chimney on
account of an internal partition, it then passes by a branch to the burner after
being previously heated and enriched. The size of the receiver is regulated
according to whether it is desired to obtain 30, 40 or more hours for burning
before the renewal of the carburetting material. A movable reflector is fixed.
by three or four screws with the enamelled head at the lower part of the box.
There are vertical internal partitions having holes in them whereby the liquid
material is allowed to circulate while at the same time these partitions prevent
too quick a circulation which might otherwise be caused by the jolting of the
vehicle to which the lamp is fitted. Screwed junctions are provided for allowing
[Price Gd 1

page_text: of the whole of the system to be removed from the body of the lantern. The
receiver rests on an abutment to the body of the lantern by an annular crown
bored with a sufficient number of holes for the supply of the flame. In practice
in order that there may be no necessity to unscrew the junctions to remove the
box, a capsule is mounted on a hinge set in a crystal and at the extremity of
the same diameter there is provided a means for fastening by a hook taking into
a notch and there continually held by a spring. The whole is enclosed in a small
metal box fitting into the roof. The hook cannot be opened except by a key
having a hexagonal head (or it may be of any other shape) so that access to the
interior of the lamp is not to be obtained by passengers; by this arrangement the
capsule and reflector can be easily cleaned and the lamp trimmed. A band
of leather or caoutchouc serves to make a tight joint between the capsule and
the lantern.
The invention is applicable to all the systems of gas lamps of railway companies
as the reflector may be movable or not by an analogous arrangement of the
carburetting receiver and surrounding the central chimney the pipes and gas
conductor being arranged accordingly with apertures for the admission of air and
for the escape of the products of combustion. For other applications to such
lamps as wall or hanging lanterns, the means employed to obtain the enrichment
of gas is analogous to the preceding and varies with each particular case, care
always being taken that the central chimney should pass through the receiver
containing the solid carburetting material which it has to volatilize. Where the
head of the lantern is mounted on a hinge, the box ordinarily abuts on the
internal edges of the head of the lantern, the gas enters by a pipe following for
example one of the uprights of the lantern between the upper part of the receiver,
goes round the central chimney on account of the internal partition, and escapes
by a branch after being enriched. In the arrangement with fixed bead and the
entry of the gas through for example the upper part, small doors are formed in
the outside roof in order to allow access by the threaded stoppers closing the
necessary opening for the introduction of the carburetting material. When the
lamp is supported by the pipe conveying the gas,-holes are formed in the iron and
stay in order not to interfere with the escape of the products of combustion.
When the volume of the products of combustion is too great instead of a single
central chimney there may be several chimneys traversing the combustion box or
an annular crown bored with a number of holes varying according to circum-
stances. A removable reflector made of enamelled sheet iron, german silver, or
any other material fixed by screws to the lower part of the box while hiding all
the apparatus will serve to diffuse the light with uniformity.
The principle and arrangement is also applicable to lamps with ordinary flames
as well as those with intense burners.
In each of the preceding cases according to the nature of the gas and the degree
of carburation desired to be obtained, the receiver may touch the central chimney
or may be some distance away from it, in such manner as only to volatilize in
each particular case the quantity of carburet necessary for a good supply of flame.
In order to avoid condensation by cooling in the branches going to the burners
a double protecting envelope may be used,

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"
I EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of said
invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE
CARBURATION OF GAS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE LAMPS AND LANTERNS'
(a communication to me from abroad by Jules Emmanuel Dery of 28 Rue du
Marteau Brussels Belgium Engineer,) and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention refers to a new mode or system for the carburation of ordinary
gas and to the construction and arrangement of the lamps for carrying the
Invention into effect and whereby the gas is made equal to rich gas for the supply
of ordinary reflector lanterns, railway carriage hanging lamps, ring burners, sun
burners, lighthouses & by means of solid carburetting material such as sublimated
naphthaline in powder cakes or pieces, which requires to be raised to a certain.
temperature to produce volatilization.
In order that this Invention may be more easily understood I will describe the
same with reference to the accompanying drawings of which Figure 1 is a sectional.
elevation of a lamp similar to those used in railway carriages-Figure 2 is a part
sectional plan of the same Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of another kind of
carriage lamp and Figure 4 is a sectional plan of same on line C D. Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation through the middle of a street lamp and Figure 6
is a sectional plan on line A. C Figure 5; Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of a
suspended lamp and Figure 8 is a plan section of same on line A. C Figure 7.
As applied to a railway carriage lamp Figures 1 and 2 above the body of the
reflector R which is generally enamelled being employed for reflecting the light
and surrounding the central chimney L which serves for the exit of the products
of combustion is placed a receiver H for the carburetting material which is
supplied thereto by one or two openings o o¹ ordinarily closed by threaded
stoppers 6 6. This receiver may be made of cast iron, malleable cast iron, of brass,
of copper, or of any other suitable material.
The gas is admitted from a main pipe A and goes through an ordinary governor
with reducing ring m and enters the receiver H by the aperture B from which it.
passes by the opening C, after having been obliged to go round the chimney L..
It then passes by the branch pipe cc to the burner after having been previously
heated and enriched.
The size of the reservoir H is regulated according to whether it is desired to
obtain 30, 40 or more hours for burning before the renewal of the carburetting
material.
The reflector R of enamelled sheet iron is fixed by suitable means to the lower
part of the reservoir H or so as to entirely hide the carburetting reservoir and
to give the lamp the general appearance of the gas lamps usually employed in
trains.

page_text: According to the size of the burner and consequently according to the size of the
flame which it is desired to be obtained, the reflector may be surmounted as shown
at Figures 1 and 2 by a central chimney L L of sheet iron for the purpose of pre-
serving the reservoir from any excess of heat generated by the flame.
Screwed junctions S S¹ are provided for allowing of the apparatus being taken
out from the body of the lantern.
The receiver rests on an abutment on the body of the lantern allowing at the
same time a necessary quantity of air required for the support of the flame to pass
around it.
In general use, in order that there may be no necessity to unscrew. the junctions
SS to remove the box, the capsule P is mounted on hinges V and at the other
side there provided a means for fastening by a hook t taking into a notch and
held there continually by a spring. The whole is enclosed in a small metal
box U fitting into the roof. The hook t cannot be opened except by a hollow key T
having a hexagonal shaped head (or it may be of any other shape) so that access to
the interior of the lamp is not to be obtained by passengers.
By this arrangement the capsule and reflector can be easily cleaned and the lamp
trimmed A band of leather or of caoutchouc serves to make a tight joint-between
the capsule and the lower part of the body of the lamp.
If it is desired to avoid cleaning the capsule or bowl of the lamp from the
interior of the compartment, an arrangement may be used as shown in Figures 3
and 4. The carburetting receiver H in this case going round a reflector R fixed
also in the same plank between the outer and inner roof.
The descending branch or pipe conducts the gas after it has been enriched for
instance to an elbow, in such manner as to be easily swung out of the lamp, so
that the cleaning of the glass P which forms the bottom may be done from the top
through the large aperture a a by turning back the lid which is provided with a
reflector S and is pivotted on to the top of the lamp. The reflectors R and S reflect
all the light on to the seats of the carriage. The reflector R is made elliptical so as
to reflect all over the carriage.
If as usual polished glass is used, the effect will be equal to that of a ceiling
lamp.
For other applications to such as wall or hanging lamps the means employed to
obtain the enrichment of gas is analogous to the preceding and varies with each
particular case, care always being taken that the central chimney should pass
through the receiver containing the solid carburetting material which is to be
volatilized.
Figures 5 and 6 show one of the arrangements to be adopted where the head of
lamp is mounted on hinges c. The box H usually rests on the internal edges of
the head of the lantern; the gas enters by a pipe B into the carburetter and
escapes after having been enriched by a connection which terminates in a pipe C
placed in the centre of the chimney L. This pipe C is connected to a ring burner
provided with a more or less large number of burners according to the light
desired to be obtained.
In the arrangement with fixed head (Figures 7 and 8), one or more small
doors P P¹ are formed in the outside roof in order to allow of access by the
necessary openings o with threaded stoppers b for the introduction of the
carburetting material.
The box H abuts on the internal edges of the head of the lantern. The gas
enters at B and escapes by the central vertical tube Cafter having been enriched.
The diameter of the central chimney naturally varies in every case according to
the quantity of gas consumed by the burner of the burners in the ring burner in
the lamp. A reflector of enamelled sheet iron concealing the whole of the
carburetting apparatus serves to distribute the light advantageously and uniformly
so as to give it the appearance of an ordinary street lamp. This reflector R is
attached by the feet L₁ to the fixed part of the lamp and may be surmounted by a
central chimney as shown in Figures 5 to 8 when the temperature of the products"

page_text: of combustion enforces the preservation of the carburetting box more or less against
the heat evolved by the flame.
The principle and arrangement is also applicable to lamps with ordinary burners
that is to say with high pressure burners for which a ringburner with 2 to 12
burners (ring burners single or double) is used.
With reference to the other applications such as hanging lamps, ring burners,
sun burners, light-houses etc, the means employed will in each case be similar to
those already described, the chimney for the removal of the products of com-
bustion of ordinary gas serves for heating the receiver containing the carburetting
material which is to be volatilized.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
what I claim as the invention communicated to me is
First In gas lamps the carburation of gas by a solid carburetting material,
without the use of a special flame to volatilize the material substantially as set
forth.
I
Second: The employment of a central lamp chimney surrounded by the
reservoir for the carburetting material for any mode of carburation where a certain
elevation of temperature is required for its developement, as the so called sub-
limated naphthaline, in powder, in cakes, in sticks or in pieces, which lamps serve
for the lighting of trains or other places, street lamps, lanterns, hung lamps, ring-
burners, sun burners, light house lanterns and the like.
Third: In the special case of railway carriage lamps, the arrangement for the
opening of the capsule or glass bowl for cleaning the burner and the system of
closing by means of a special key, see Figures 1 and 2, also the arrangement of the
hollow reflectors fixed directly in the roof, with the glass directly underneath as
shown in Figures 3 and 4 and the carburetting box outside with pipe branch to the
elbow joint for permitting the cleaning of the glass.
Fourth-The arrangement of chimney, carburetting reservoir and parts connected
therewith as shewn in Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8.
BREWER & JENSEN,
For the Applicant.