IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TUBES EMPLOYED IN THE SPINNING OF WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TUBES EMPLOYED IN THE
SPINNING OF WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN "-A communication from abroad by
Mathias Schaffhauser, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 15th June 1869, and dated the 30th December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said
SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th December 1868.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TUBES EMPLOYED
IN THE SPINNING OF WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication to me from abroad
by Mathias Schaffhauser, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-

page_text: employed in the spinning of wool and other fibrous substances, whereby
greater economy and dispatch are ensured than when such articles are
manufactured by hand.
The essential feature of this Invention consists in making and marking
with the maker's name or trade mark or other letters, figures, or devices
by mechanical means herein-after referred to, and by a continuous
succession of operations carried on in duplicate, paper tubes employed
in the spinning of wool and other fibrous substances, the said machine
producing two tubes simultaneously. The paper from which the tubes
are manufactured is fed into the machine in the form of a continuous
band or strip wound on a reel, and the duplicate mechanism is disposed
in reverse directions in order to admit of the said strip being severed
or cut into portions or sections of such shape as will form when rolled
or coiled tapered tubes with a minimum waste of material. The strip
previously cut to the requisite width and wound on a reel or roller is
first conducted between a pair of printing rollers or beneath a stamper,
from which it receives the manufacturer's or other name, trade mark,
or other device; the said strip passes thence between a pair of feed
rollers having an intermittent motion for enabling the subsequent
operation of cutting or severing to be performed. This operation
consists in cutting or severing a length from. the strip of the form of a
parallelogram of equal sides by means of a rectilinear knife. Each
parallelogram serves for the manufacture of two tubes, for which
purpose it is divided by a second knife, called a "guillotine," into two
parts of the same size and of a trapezoidal contour, the shortest sides
of which subsequently form the narrower ends of the tapered tubes, the
non-parallel sides corresponding to the length of the tubes.
In order to obtain the geometric developement of the tube or truncated
cone it is necessary to cut in the form of two concentric arcs the two
parallel sides of the trapezium, which is accomplished either by a pair
.of curved shears or by a a cutting punch; the pieces of paper having been
thus shaped are seized by a pair of pincers, which bring them under
the action of revolving paste or gum brushes, the pieces of paper being
held by the pincers during the gumming or pasting operation under-
neath an adjustable curved plate or tablette acted upon by cams, so as
to bring it within range of the brush at the right moment. One portion
only of the paper is gummed or pasted, the remainder preserving its
original stiffness and substance in order to impart sufficient strength to

page_text: the tube to enable it to undergo the rolling or coiling operation. As
fast as each piece of paper has been gummed the pincers direct one
edge into a slot in a conical spindle or mandrill, which on receiving a
rotatory motion winds or coils up the paper in the form of a tube, a
compresser serving to compress and consolidate the coils as the winding
proceeds, and to remove any excess of gum which may be squeezed. out
from between the convolutións. So soon as each tube is rolled it is
pushed from off its mandrill by a sliding ring working upon the same,
the finished tubes falling into a receptacle below.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her
special license that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TUBES EMPLOYED IN THE SPINNING
OF WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication from abroad by Mathias
Schaffhauser, of Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the

page_text: same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:-
The said Invention relates to a peculiar construction, arrangement, and
combination of machinery or apparatus for making paper tubes em-
ployed in the spinning of wool and other fibrous substances, whereby
greater economy and despatch are ensured than when such articles are
manufactured by hand.
The essential feature of this Invention consists in making and mark-
ing with the maker's name or trade mark, or other letters, figures, or
devices by mechanical means herein-after referred to, and by a con-
tinuous succession of operations carried on in duplicate, paper tubes
employed in the spinning of wool and other fibrous substances, the said
machine producing two tubes simultaneously. The paper from which
the tubes are manufactured is fed into the machine in the form of a con-
tinuous band or strip wound on a reel, and the duplicate mechanism is
disposed in reverse directions in order to admit of the said strip being
severed or cut into portions or sections of such shape as will form when
rolled or coiled tapered tubes with a minimum waste of material, the
strip previously cut to the requisite width and wound on a reel or roller
is first conducted between a pair of printing rollers or beneath a stamper
from which it receives the manufacturer's or other name, trade mark,
or other device. The said strip passes thence between a pair of feed
rollers having an intermittent motion for enabling the subsequent
operation of cutting or severing to be performed. This operation
consists in cutting or severing a length from the strip of the form of a
parallelogram of equal sides by means of a rectilinear knife each
parallelogram serves for the manufacture of two tubes for which
purpose it is divided by
a second knife called a "guillotine" into two
parts of the same size, and of a trapezoidal contour, the shortest sides
of which subsequently form the narrower ends of the tapered tubes, the
non-parallel sides corresponding to the length of the tubes. In order
to obtain the geometric developement of the tube or truncated cone it

page_text: is necessary to cut in the form of two concentric arcs the two parallel
sides of the trapezium; which is accomplished, either by a pair of curved
shears, or by a cutting punch. The pieces of paper having been thus
shaped are seised by a pair of pincers which bring them under the action
of revolving paste or gum brushes, the pieces of paper being held by
the pincers during the gumming or pasting operation underneath an
adjustable curved plate or tablette, acted upon by cams, so as to bring
it within range of the brush at the right moment. One portion only
of the paper is gummed or pasted, the remainder preserving its original
stiffness and substance in order to impart sufficient strength to the tube
to enable it to undergo the rolling or coiling operation. As fast as
each piece of paper has been gummed the pincers direct one edge into
a slot in a conical spindle or mandrill, which on receiving a rotatory
motion winds or coils up the paper in the form of a tube, a compresser
serving to compress and consolidate the coils as the winding proceeds,
and to remove any excess of gum which may be squeezed out from
between the convolutions. So soon as each tube is rolled it is pushed
from off its mandrill by a sliding ring working upon the same, the
finished tubes falling into a receptacle below.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that pur-
pose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional elevation of the improved
paper tube making machine; Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the
same; Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, are transverse sections taken through
different parts of the machine; and Figure 7 is a diagram showing the
mode of cutting the strips of paper, and the shapes of the pieces so cut.
The driving shaft a (Figures 1 and 2) which is situate at right angles
to the longitudinal axis of the machine actuates the four longitudinal
shafts b, c, d, e. The strips of paper which are placed on the reel f,
Figure 1, pass over a printing roller g, which bears in relief the
characters constituting the trade mark; the strips then traverse guide
rollers and arrive at the pressing rolls which are composed of four fluted
metal cylinders h, Figures 1, 2, and 3, mounted on a shaft, to the
extremity of which is keyed a spur wheel which derives its motion
from the gearing j, k, l, m. As the motion of the paper is required to

page_text: be intermittent this result is obtained by causing a disc cast in one with
the crown of the worm wheel m to enter a recess formed in the
periphery of the pinion 1. Cylinders n covered with cloth loaded with
two weights o are employed to press the paper upon the flutings of the
cylinder h. On leaving the pressing rolls the paper is guided in its
progress in a horizontal direction by passing between three pair of
of the
pincers p, the extremities of which rest upon the fixed blade
oblique knife or shears r, q, which is jointed at s, and is set in motion
by the cam u keyed on to the shaft b, and acts on the prolongation t
of the knife. This cam u maintains the blade » in an elevated position
whilst the paper by being moved forward is laid hold of by flat
pincers x, z, which are disposed for this purpose, it then leaves the
armt and under the action of the spring the knife is depressed
the diagram
and cuts the paper to the angle C, D, indicated on
Figure 7. Each of these flat pincers is formed of two jaws, (Figures
1, 2, and 4), one of which x is stationary, and is made in one piece
with a vertical shaft y, which passes through a metal socket herein-
after referred to. The other jaw z which is jointed at a' carries a
curved lever b', which when it engages in the notch of a small jointed
arm c¹, holds this jaw open, a helical spring d maintaining this arm
constantly in contact with the lever b', and thus preventing its escape at
the moment when these pincers are to be closed, pressure is applied to
the arm c¹ which releases the lever b' which falls under the action of a
spiral spring. These pincers also have a backward and forward motion
and a rotatory motion on their centre, in the manner herein-after
described. The vertical shafts y, f', of the pincers respectively pass
through two sockets g', h', cast in one with a carriage i' which slides on
its shoe secured to the foundation plate. A lever k' (Figures 1 and
3, oscillating round an axis l' presses against the carriage at a given
moment, and causes it to advance, whilst a strong spiral spring m
causes it to return as soon as the action of the lever ¹ has ceased.
lever is actuated by a rod n', which is jointed at one end to a crank
okeyed on the axis of the lever k¹, and at the other end to another
lever p' which is jointed at q' and carries a roller ¹ (Figure 2), on
which acts intermittently a cam s¹ keyed on to the driving shaft a.
The vertical shafts y and f¹ carry crank arms t', which are actuated
by two pins u bolted to a lever v¹. Between these two pins the lever
is provided with a socket which is keyed on to a shaft x¹, such shaft
passing through another socket cast with the shoe j¹ of the carriage
The

page_text: The said lever is caused to oscillate round the axis x at a given moment
by means of a rod y' connected to a lever z¹ jointed at a² (Figure 2),
the lever z¹ carries a roller 62, which is actuated by a cam keyed on to
the driving shaft a. The rotatory motion of the pincers is then effected
in the following manner-When the lever ' is moved by the rod y¹
the pins u¹ act upon the crank arms t'; and cause the vertical shafts y
and f' of the pincers to turn on their own axes in opposite directions,
and when the action of the rod has ceased the crank arms t' are brought
back by means of helical springs attached to them and to fixed points
until the lower jaws of the pincers come against the stops e² which limit
their revolution. The closing of the rght-hand pincers is effected by
means of a cam g³ (Figure 4) keyed on to the shaft b and acting in a
lever, which is thus caused to press upon the small arm c¹ of the
pincers. The left-hand pincers are also closed by means of a cam 2*
(Figure 2) which is fast on the shaft c, and which acts upon a lever h³
for that purpose. Helical springs are provided for the purpose of raising
the levers f, h, to their normal position as soon as the cams have passed.
The pincers being closed hold the strip of paper A, B, C, D. (Figure 7),
at this moment the carriage i' brings the pincers carrying the paper
under a knife ja, designated a "guillotine" (Figures 2 and 5), the object
of which is to divide the strip of paper A, B, C, D, into two equal parts
B, F, E, D, and A, F, E, C, in accordance with the angle E, F, of the
knife, each of such portions being intended to form a tube; the guillotine
which is jointed at is actuated by a cam 1 fast on the shaft b, and
the paper is cut on a cutting surface m³ provided for that purpose. The
pincers by turning on their own centre bring the edges of the paper
parallel to the axis of the machine, and in this position the four triangles
shewn on the diagram (Figure 7) are cut to the lines E, D, A, F,
by curved shears, shown in Figures 2 and 4; the lower blade n², of
the right hand pair is stationary, the upper blade o³ alone is moveable
and is provided with an arm p3 which is acted upon by a cam q³ fast
on the shaft b. The left hand shears have both blades moveable in
order to admit of the passage of other pincers to be herein-after referred
to; these blades are also provided with projecting arms 2, s2, which
are actuated by two cams, one of which 2 is fast on the shaft c and the
other is keyed on to another shaft which also derives its motion
through a spur wheel from the shaft c. The paper cut is then laid hold
of by the other pincers before referred to, and the pincers x, 2, open by
the aid of the levers and actuated by the cams g³ and z fast on

page_text: the shafts b and c these levers press on the curved levers 6¹ and cause
them to enter the notches in the jointed arms c¹. The mode of opening
and closing these pincers is the same as that indicated for the pincers
x, 2. The lower jaws prolonged a³, 63, are holted to a carriage c³
mounted on slides d³ (Figures 1, 2, and 6,) such carriage having an inter-
mittent to-and-fro motion imparted to it by a connected rod e" and crank
f³ from a vertical shaft, on which is keyed a worm pinion g³ actuated by
a worm wheel h", fast on the driving shaft a. The worm wheel is pro-
vided with teeth on three portions of its crown, such toothed portions
being separated by three stop discs which correspond to three recesses
formed in the periphery of the pinion g". The toothed portion of the
pinion and the wheel have the same number of teeth, the result of which
is that for one entire revolution of the wheel h³ the pinion will make
three intermissions during the time it is making one revolution. This
intermittent motion of the pinion both effects the motion of the carriage
and holds it stationary. The pincers last described carry the paper over
brushes (shewn in Figures 2 and 5), which, by turning round an arc i³,
apply the gum to the surfaces k³, the height of which is regulated by
cams 1³, and partially cover such surfaces with the gum, which is supplied
to the brushes by rollers j³ dipping into a vessel containing gum.
Motion is imparted to the rollers j³ by means of endless screws m³
(Figures 2 and 5) fast on the shafts b and c, such screws gearing with
wheels n³, which are fixed on shafts carrying bevel pinions in gear with
corresponding bevel pinions fast on the shafts of the rollers j³; these
rollers have a continuius rotatory motion whilst an intermittent motion is
transmitted to the brushes in any convenient manner by worm wheels o³
provided with stop discs for that purpose. The pincers last described,
which are stationary during the gumming operation, next carry the paper
to the conical spindles (Figures 1, 2, and 6,) and are opened at this
moment by the action of the levers q³ which are set in motion by cams p³
acting on the small arms 3. The jointed arms 73 by passing under the
arms 3 become depressed, and the pincers close under the pressure of a
spiral spring at the moment when the carriage carries the pincers back to
receive a fresh strip of paper. In order to wind the paper it is intro-
duced by the right-hand pincers into a groove t³, Figures 1 and 6, which
extends the whole length of the spindle around which the paper is to be
wound at the moment when that spindle commences its rotatory motion
under the action of the wheel u³, which transmits motion to the wheel o³
which is keyed on to the spindle. The same operation is performed

page_text: simultaneously on the left spindle, the paper being introduced in the
contrary direction.
A compressor is provided for each brush to
maintain the paper stretched and remove the excess of gum. The two
shafts d, e, which actuate the spindles derive their motion from worm
wheels provided with stop discs, and keyed on to the shaft a, such
worm wheels actuating worm pinions fast on the shafts d, e, and
transmitting to them an intermittent motion. As regards the operation
of the compressors a they are maintained in an elevated position and at
rest during a portion of the rotation of the shafts and c by the aid of
cams a keyed on to these shafts, but as soon as the cams escape the
levers 6 which are connected to helical springs act on them and apply
the compressors to the spindles. As soon as the operation of winding or
coiling the paper is completed the pincer carriage c" is moved backwards
again to receive a fresh supply of paper, but in this movement the rod c¹
which is attached to the carriage (Figure 1) meets in its traverse a lever d*.
which being caused to move with the rod removes in front of it the tube
last made. As the spindles are arranged in opposite directions, the
motion of the right-hand apparatus which removes the tubes is reversed
by the aid of an endless chain passing over a return pulley and secured
at one end to the lever d* and at the other end to a rod f*, which acts
directly on the other tube-expelling apparatus g*. Helical springs
are provided in order to bring both of these apparatus back to their
original position again. As will be seen on reference to the Diagram
(Figure 7) the only part cut circularly is the longest of the parallel sides
of the trapeziums which from the tubes are produced, the thickness at
the apex of which is not uniform, since the rectilineal cut assumes a spiral
form at the surface. By this machine the short parallel side is cut
circularly by disposing a knife or puncher on the heel of the upper jaw
of the pincers x, z, which knife or punch produces the sloped form at
the instant when these processes are closed in order to conduct the
trapeziums to the curved shears.
In order to vary the length of the tubes all that is required is to
increase or diminish the speed at which the paper is fed between the
cylinders of the pressing rolls, which is effected by varying the diameter
of the intermediate wheel /.
In order to vary the angle of the cone of the tube it is simply necessary
to alter the direction in which the paper is presented to the "guillotine,"
the direction of the latter remaining invariable, Or the direction of

page_text: "
the paper may be unchanged, and that of the oblique knife and
guillotine" varied.
The gumming process may be carried on in concert with the winding
or rolling of the paper on the spindles.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the 5
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I con-
sider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The general construction, arrangement, and combination of
machinery or apparatus for manufacturing paper tubes to be employed
in spinning fibrous substances, as herein-before described and illustrated
by the Drawings annexed.
Second. The peculiar arrangement and combination of rolls and gear-
ing m, l, j, k, whereby an intermittent motion is imparted to the paper,
substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described.
Third. The printing a trade mark or name upon the paper as it is being
fed into the machine, substantially as herein-before described.
Fourth. The peculiar oblique cutter for cutting the paper into the
desired shape, as herein-before described.
Fifth. The combination of flat nippers or holders and the peculiar
mechanism for opening and shutting the same with a pair of curved
shears arranged and operating together, substantially in the manner and
for the purpose herein-before described.
Sixth. The employment of moveable nippers or holders for presenting
the paper to the gum brushes and subsequently to the tapered spindles
upon which the paper is coiled or lapped arranged and operated sub-
stantially as herein-before described.
Seventh. The combination of the gum brushes and gumming tables
or surfaces, whereby one part only of the paper is gummed when the
same are arranged and operated substantially in the manner herein-
before described.
Eighth. The combination of tapered rotatory spindles and compressing
rolls, and the mode of operating the same, substantially as and for the
purpose herein-before described,

page_text: Ninth. The peculiar arrangement of driving gear for imparting the
necessary intermittent motion to the various working moving parts of
the machine, substantially as herein-before described.
Tenth. The peculiar apparatus for imparting an alternating motion to
the expeller which detaches the completed tube from the spindle, as
herein-before described.
Eleventh. The mode of varying the length and taper of the tubes, as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of
June, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)