Improvements in Ferrules for Locomotive and other Boilers, and for Hay and other Forks, and in the Mode of Manufacturing the same.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 24th May, 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ferrules for Locomotive and other Boilers, and for
Hay and other Forks, and in the Mode of Manufacturing the
same.
I, JOSIAH HENRY SHOEBOTHAM, of Birmingham in the County of Warwick
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention & in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described & ascertained in and by the.
following statement :-
My invention has for its object, improvements in ferrules for locomotive and other
boilers, & for hay and other forks & in the mode of manufacturing the same, by.
which I am enabled to produce ferrules without either a seam or a weld. It has been
customary to make such ferrules for the before mentioned purpose from tubes cut off
to lengths or from strips or plates cut off, turned round and welded and then pressed
into taper dies and there has thus always been a seam and weld whether perceivable
by the naked eye or not.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood & more easily carried into
practice I have appended hereunto two double sized sheets of drawings upon which
examples are given of the said ferrules and of the mode of manufacturing them. The
mode of manufacturing them may, however be varied considerably according to the
quality of metal used, as will be hereafter more fully explained.
Sheet 1, of the Drawings.
Figure 1, is a metal disc or plate A of either steel or iron or other metal without
any weld or seam in it.
Figure 2, is a section of the said disc or plate.
Figure 3, is a side elevation after the plate has passed through its first stage of
manufacture and Figure 4, is a section the formation at this stage.
Figure 5, is a side elevation after a further operation & Figure 6, is a section of
Figure 5. It will be perceived that the upper edge becomes rather rough after this
operation but this is smoothed down at a subsequent stage.
Figures 7 & 8, are a similar side elevations and sections to the previous figures
after the manufacture has proceeded one more stage. Up to this stage the formation
is practically a parallel one.
Figure 9, shows the formation made slightly taper that is larger at the upper end
than at the lower end.
Figure 10, shows the finished ferrule B. My ferrules when finished as shewn by B
Figure 10, have neither seam nor weld & this is the case whether they are made from
steel or iron or other metal as they are manufactured from one solid plate or disc A
as seen at Figures 1 & 2 of the drawings. These ferrules are necessarily sounder &
more regular & accurate than the ones made from tubes or welded metal as previously
& this must be the case whether it can be detected by the eye or not.
In manufacturing these ferrules I take a disc of steel or iron of suitable manufacture
such for instance as A Fig. 1 & 2 and place it in a press or machine having suitable
plunger or tool fitted thereto there being a steel die plate having a hole of suitable
size therein opposite the said plunger upon which I place the disc or plate A
centrally. Under a steady powerful pressure I bend the plates cold by forcing the
disc or plate A right through the hole in the die plate until the formation is as
seen by Figures 3 & 4, during this formation I use a pressure plate to hold down the
outside edge, to prevent puckering. I then either change the dies or take the partly
finished article to another machine and there repeat a similar operation which brings
the formation still nearer that desired as seen by Figures 5 & 6, & still further by
another similar operation to the former shewn at Figures 7 & 8. During these two
latter operation the upper edge becomes rather irregular and has to be dressed at a
subsequent stage. Up to now the plunger or other equivalent tool has sent the
D

page_text: cup right through the die plates & therefore the formation of the sides of the cup
is a parallel one or practically so according to the hardness or softness of the metal
used.
I next force the cup into a tápéred die which gives it the formation shown by
Fig. 9. I then cut out the bottom a¹ and then pass the ferrule, as then roughly 5
formed; into the finishing tapered die which produces the finished ferrule: B as seen at
Fig. 10, with its rounded corner b'. Of course these ferrules may be bright or dull
& the corner b' may be rounded more or less but there will be a certain amount of
round from the bending process which I generally find sufficient.
The, roughness or uneveness produced upon the top edge of the ferrule by the 1
repeated operation may be removed in a lathe or other suitable machine say after the
taper is roughly given to the ferrule & before passing through the last pair of tools
but it will be evident that this operation may take place before even the rough taper
is given.
12:
It will be clearly understood that the number of operations the article passes as
seen at Figures 3, 5, & 7 with depend almost entirely upon the hardness of the metal
used. For instance steel of a tensible strength of say 24 tons per square inch or
thereabouts, might be pressed at a simple operation from the plate A'to that seen at
Figures 7 & 8; but it is generally necessary to use harder plates of, say 28 to
40 tons tensile strength per square inch which is suitable to harden after the ferrule
is formed as seen at Fig. 10. The harder the metal is the greater number of operations
will be required to complete the formation.
"Sheet 2 of the Drawings illustrates a number of examples of such tubes as are
suitable for hay forks, dung forks, hoes & other such like or similar articles.
Figures 11 & 12, are views of a plate which is thinner & always soft metal whether 2
steel, iron, brass or other metal otherwise it would be quite impossible to form these
long tubes have illustrated out of a solid plate.
Figures, 13, 14, 15, 16, & 17, show various examples of these long finished "taper
ferrules with various formations at the top end which is suited in design to the
particular formation or finish of the particular fork or other article to be mounted in a
the handle upon which these ferrules are to be placed. Those shown are merely
examples of what can be done. For these kind of ferrules therefore we only cut out
such portion of the top as is necessary to leave a sufficient space for the neck of the
particular tool to be mounted on the handle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the. nature of this inventiona
I declare that what I claim is :-
I claim the improvements in ferrules for locomotives & other boilers and for hay &.
other forks & in the mode of manufacturing the same substantially as and for the
purpose herein set forth and as shewn upon the drawings.
Dated this 27th day of March 1890.