CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William McNaught, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION .left by the said William McNaught,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th February 1859.
I, WILLIAM MCNAUGHT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO COMPOUND STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Firstly, my improvement consists in applying to the present form of engine
known as, "McNaught's double cylinder engine," (and patented by me, Tenth
December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four), a cylinder or cylinders
connected either to the crank shaft of the engine, or to the engine through the
medium of geering, the steam being supplied to this cylinder or cylinders in'
the usual way, and thence pass to the condenser or condensers of the engine
or engines..

page_text: Secondly, or in cases where the auxiliary cylinder or cylinders are attached
to the crank shaft of the engine, or to it through the medium of geering and
the exhaust steam passed into the low pressure or condensing cylinder, I pro-
pose to attach a high-pressure cylinder to the beam on the above-mentioned
principle, and pass the steam exhausted from the auxiliary cylinder or cylinders
direct into the condenser or condensers of the compound engine or engines.
Thirdly, or in cases where, as before-mentioned, the auxiliary cylinder or
cylinders exhaust into the present low-pressure cylinder or cylinders, I propose
to allow them to continue to do so, and to apply an additional cylinder or
cylinders, or at the opposite end of the beam or beams from the existing
cylinder or cylinders on the before-mentioned "principle, and to exhaust the
steam into the condenser or condensers of the engine or engines; the steam to
be supplied to this cylinder or cylinders in the usual way.
Fourthly, or in the present form of compound engines, known as the "Woolf
engine," with both cylinders at the same end of the beam, I propose to
attach another cylinder or cylinders at the other or opposite end of the beam,
and to work or use the steam in all the cylinders in the way I may find most
desirable.
Fifthly, or in the case of engines working on my aforesaid patent principle,
I propose to attach an auxiliary cylinder or cylinders to the existing engine or
engines through the medium of gearing or on the second motion shaft, and to
pass the exhaust steam from these cylinders into a separate condenser or con-
densers from that of the existing engine or engines, or in cases where such
auxiliary cylinders are employed, I propose to allow them to remain, and to
apply my patent cylinder, as before-mentioned, to such arrangement of
engine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Mac Naught, in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd August 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MAC NAUGHT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the

page_text: said William Mac Naught, Her special license that
the said William
Mac Naught, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Mac Naught, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES PARTICULARLY APPLI-
CABLE TO COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Mac Naught, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain thè
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office. within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Mac Naught, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
First, my improvement consists in applying to the present form of engine,
known as "Me Naught's double cylinder engine," (and patented by me, Tenth
December, One thousand eight hundred and forty-five,) a cylinder or cylinders
connected either to the crank shaft of the engine, or to the engine through the
medium of gearing, the steam being supplied to this cylinder or cylinders in
the usual way, and thence passed to the condenser or condensers of the engine
or engines.
Secondly, or in cases where the auxiliary cylinder or cylinders are attached
to the crank shaft of the engine or to it through the medium of geering, and
the exhaust steam passed into the low-pressure or condensing cylinder,. I
propose to attach a high-pressure cylinder to the beam on the above-mentioned
principle, and pass the steam exhausted from the auxiliary cylinder or cylinders
direct into the condenser or condensers of the compound engine or engines.
Thirdly, or in cases where, as before-mentioned, the auxiliary cylinder or
cylinders exhaust into the present low-pressure cylinder or cylinders, I propose
to allow them to continue to do so, and to apply an additional cylinder or
cylinders or at the opposite end of the beam or beams from the existing cylinder-
or cylinders on the before-mentioned principle, and to exhaust the steam into
the condenser or condensers of the engine or engines; the steam to be-supplied
to this cylinder or cylinders in the usual way..

page_text: Fourthly, or in the present form of compound engines, known as the
"Woolf engine," with both cylinders at the same end of the beam, I propose
to attach another cylinder or cylinders at the other or opposite end of the
beam, and to work or use the steam in all the cylinders in the way I
most desirable.
may find
Fifthly, or in the case of engines working on my aforesaid patent principle,
I propose to attach an auxiliary cylinder or cylinders to the existing engine
or engines through the medium of gearing or on the second motion shaft, and
to pass the exhaust, steam from these cylinders into a separate condenser or
condensers from that of the existing engine or engines, or in cases where such
auxiliary cylinders are employed, I propose to allow them to remain and to
apply my patent cylinder, as before-mentioned, to such arrangement of engine.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood, I have here-
unto attached two Sheets of Drawings, having similar letters of reference
marked upon corresponding parts of the apparatus. In Sheet 1, Figure 1
represents a side elevation of a steam engine, known as "Me Naught's double
cylinder engine," for which Letters Patent were granted to me, and bearing
date December Tenth, One thousand eight hundred and forty-five. Figure 2
represents a plan or horizontal view of the same. Figure 3 represents a plan
view of a horizontal cylinder attached to the crank shaft of the "compound
engine" in Figures 1 and 2; in this instance a separate crank is used, but it
may be connected to the main spur driving wheel by means of a pin fixed in
or on it, or to the crank shaft or main spur wheel through the medium of
gearing or any other method most suitable, and furthermore, although in this
case, the additional cylinder is shewn in the horizontal position, it may be
placed vertically or in an angular position, if required. A side elevation of
the horizontal cylinder is shewn in dotted lines behind Figure 1, Sheet 1.
In this case the steam is used in the usual way in the compound beam engine;
Figures 1 and Sheet 1, that is to say, the steam is first introduced into the high-
pressure cylinder A, which is placed at the opposite end of the beam from the
condensing cylinder B, and having acted there,. passes into the condensing
cylinder B by the pipe a, and after having done its work there, escapes in the
usual manner to the condenser c. The cylinder D, Fig. 3, Sheet 1, already
described, is supplied with steam from the boiler (in this case- the "stop and
throttle valves b', 6" are used for regulating the supply of steam to both
cylinders A and D,) and the steam after having acted in the cylinder D, passes
direct into the condenser C of the beam engine. The steam in this cylinder
should be worked expansively either by the cap on the valve or by any other
known arrangement of mechanism for cutting off the steam.

page_text: The second part of my Invention refers to cases where the ordinary "con-
densing beam engine," bas applied to it an "auxiliary cylinder" horizontal or
otherwise attached to the crank shaft direct, or to it through the medium
of gearing and using the steam first in such "auxiliary cylinder" and then
passing it into the low-pressure cylinder of the beam engine. I propose to
pass the steam from the "auxiliary cylinder" direct into the condenser of the
beam engine, and to apply to the beam engine, a cylinder at the opposite end
of the beam from the low-pressure or condensing cylinder, as described in my
former patent referred to, that is, using the steam first in the high-pressure
cylinder A, and then passing it into the low-pressure cylinder B, and from
thence into the condenser; in this case, as in the former one, "stop" and
"throttle valve" may be used for regulating the steam to both cylinders A
and B, Sheet 1, Figures 1, 2, and 3, and the action and manner of using the
steam in this part of my Invention, is precisely the same as that described in
the first part of my Invention.
The third part of my Invention consists in applying to an ordinary beam
engine, having an "auxiliary" cylinder coupled thereto, as before described, a
cylinder A at the crank end of the beam, as seen at Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2;
and after using the steam in this cylinder, to pass it into the condenser by the
pipe a, Figures 1 and 2. The steam in the "auxiliary cylinder "B,. Figure 3;
Sheet 2, being used first in the auxiliary cylinder. In this, as in the former
instances, one "stop and throttle valve" may be used for regulating the
admission of steam into the cylinders A and B, in Sheet 2, Figures 1, 2, and 3..
Although the foregoing description refers to one beam engine, with one
"auxiliary cylinder" working in connection with it, yet it will be evident that
the same principle, as described in the first, second, and third parts of my
Invention may be extended to one or more." auxiliary" cylinders working in
connection with one or more beam engines, such "auxiliary cylinders" being
connected to the crank shafts or to the crank ends of the beams of such
engines, as described in the foregoing parts of my Invention. For example;
one "auxiliary" cylinder may work in connection with one, two, or more
beam engines, or one, two, or more "auxiliary cylinders" may work in con-
nection with one beam engine, and also one or more "auxiliary cylinders" may
work in connection with one or more beain engines, all these variations being
connected to the beam engines and using the steam in the manner described in
the first, second, and third parts of my Invention. In Sheet 2, Figures 3 and 4,
represent a plan view of a pair of beam engines, having attached to them a pair of
"auxiliary cylinders (in this instance, horizontal) A, A, are the high-pressure
cylinders of the beam engines, and B,. B, are the low-pressure or condensing

page_text: cylinder of the same; C, C, are the "auxiliary cylinders" attached, in this
instance, to the beam engines by the medium of gearing, as in the preceding
cases, one stop and throttle valve" is represented as regulating the admission
of steam to the cylinders A, A, C, C, and the steam, in this example, is
worked or used in the manner described in the first and second parts of my
.Invention, but by changing the pipes a', a¹¹, so as to join to the condensers,
and the pipes b', 61, so as to join to the cylinders B, B; the engines can be
made to work on the principle described in the third part of my Invention; or
one engine can be made to work on the principle described in the first and
second, and the other on the principle of the third part of the same.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in the application of a steam cylinder
to a compound steam engine, with the high and low pressure cylinders both
at the same end of the beam, as in the compound engine, commonly known as
the "Woolfe engine." In Sheet 1, Figures 4 and 5 represent a side elevation
and a plan view with the additional cylinder attached; A, being the additional
steam cylinder; B, the present high-pressure cylinder, and C, the present low-
pressure cylinder as employed in the "Woolfe engine." In this example the
steam is represented as being worked in the ordinary manner in the "Woolfe
cylinders," that is to say, the steam is admitted from the boiler at a high
pressure to the small cylinder c, and having performed there, passes to the
large cylinder B, and from thence to the condenser, and in like manner the
steam is admitted from the boiler to the additional cylinder A, and having
acted, passes direct to the condenser of the engine. On both cylinders C and B
may be made to exhaust direct into the condenser, and be supplied with
steam from the cylinder A.
Having now clearly described the nature of my said Invention and the
manner in which it is to be performed, I wish it to be distinctly understood
that I claim first the application or use of an "auxiliary cylinder," or cylinders
working in connection with one or more of the hercin-before named double
cylinder engines, the said "auxiliary cylinder or cylinders" exhausting into
the condenser or condensers of the said double cylinder engine or engines.
Secondly, the use of a cylinder placed at the opposite end of the beam from
the present low-pressure cylinder of an engine supplied with the exhaust
steam of an "auxiliary cylinder," or from a separate high-pressure engine, and
passing the steam from such cylinder into the condenser of the beam engine.
Thirdly, claim the use of a cylinder placed at the opposite end of the
beam from that on which the present high and low-pressure cylinders are
placed (in the description of compound engines, called "Woolfe engines,")
and using the steam in all the cylinders, as may be required. And I claim,→

page_text: Fourthly, the use of "auxiliary cylinders or engines, as already described,
working in connection with the description of engines for which I obtained
Letters Patent already referred to, but the said auxiliary engines or cylinders
passing or exhausting their steam into separate condensers.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Mac Naught, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
WM. M°NAUGHT. (L.s.)