Improvements in Water Motor Governors.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Jan., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 12th Oct., 1892-Accepted, 7th Jan., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Water Motor Governors.
I HENRY JAMES HOGG KING of Newmarket near Stroud Glostershire,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to improvements in water motor governors, some portions.
of which are also applicable to the governors for which Letters Patent were
granted to the present applicant A.D. 1879, 24th Decr. No. 5274. The first part
of my invention relates to improvements in a governor for regulating the speed of
water motors, and consists of a main shaft which drives the governor balls and
which also carries a pulley (which drives by means of a strap directly from it) on
to 3 pullies the centre pulley being usually the false one-the strap being shifted
from one pulley to the other by means of a strap guide controlled by the governor
balls. One of the fast pullies working the shut or gate of the motor one way, and
the other fast pulley, the opposite way.
This general arrangement is I am aware not new but my improvements consist
1st. In the way in which the governor balls, actuate the strap. 2nd. In the
position of the main gearing and the general design of the governor. 3rd. In the
throwing out gear, by which the governor is thrown out of gear, when the gate or
shut of the water motor gets wide open or closed. 4th. In the application of a
bell to call attention to the fact that the governor has put on or taken off all the
water. 5th. In an arrangement of clutch which allows the governor to be thrown
out of gear with the hand wheel, but still maintains the relationship of the throwing
out gear and the hand wheel. The value of this arrangement being, that the hand
wheel, can be worked, without working any part of the governor, thus saving a
great deal of labour in starting & stopping the water motor by hand. The 3rd
4th & 5th arrangements are also applicable to the float and speed governors
described in Patent 527479.
The strap guide of the above described governor with slight modifications,
instead of being actuated by the governor balls, may be connected with a float, in
which case the shut or gate will be controlled by the level of the water as
described in Patent No. 5274".
Another improvement consists of a combination of the float & speed governors,
so that in a mill working sometimes with water & steam combined & sometimes
with water only the float can be used or the governor balls can be used to actuate
the same mechanism, and a further improvement consists in an arrangement, by
which the float can be connected with the governing mechanism, in a simple &
cheap manner, although the float may be a long distance away. A further
improvement consists in a new arrangement of catch for locking the mask ring in
a central or in extreme positions, an amplification of which arrangement also allows
the float governor to be used to draw down the head of water to a certain point &
then stop the motor, which will start again automatically as soon as the pond or
pound is filled up again.
Dated this 11th day of January 1892.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Water Motor Governors.
1. HENRY JAMES HOGG KING of Newmarket near Stroud, Gloucestershire
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in water motor governors some portions
of which are also applicable to the governor for which Letters Patent were granted
to the present applicant A.D. 1879-24th Decr. No. 5274. The first part of my
invention relates to improvements in a governor for regulating the speed of water
motors and consists of a main shaft which drives the governor balls and which
also carries a pulley which drives by means of a strap directly from it on to
3 pullies. The centre pulley being usually the false one. The strap being shifted
from one pulley to the other by means of a strap guide controlled by the governor
balls, one of the fast pulleys working the shut or gate of the motor one way & the
other fast pulley, the opposite way.
This general arrangement is I am aware not new but my improvements consist
1st. In the way in which the governor balls actuate the strap. 2nd. In the
position of the main gearing & general design of the governor. 3rd. In the
throwing out gear, by which the governor is thrown out of gear, when the gate or
shut of the water motor gets wide open or closed. 4th. In the application of a
bell to call attention to the fact that the governor has put on or taken off all the
water. 5th. In an arrangement of clutch which allows the governor to be thrown
out of gear with the hand wheel, but still maintains the relationship of the
throwing out gear and the hand wheel. The value of this arrangement being that
the hand wheel can be worked without working any part of the governor, thus
saving a great deal of labour in starting & stopping the water motor by hand; the
3rd, 4th, 5th arrangements are also applicable to the float & speed governors
described in Letters Patent A.D. 1879 Dec. 24th No. 5274.
The strap guide of the above described governor, with a slight modification,
instead of being actuated, by the governor balls may be connected with a float in
which case, the shut or gate will be controlled by the level of the water as described
in Letters Patent No. 527479.
Another improvement consists of a combination of the float & speed governors,
so that in a mill working sometimes with water & steam combined & sometimes
with water only, the float can be used, or the governor balls can be used to actuate
the same mechanism, and a further improvement consists in an arrangement by
which the float can be connected with the governing mechanism, in a simple 'and
cheap manner although the float may be a long distance away.
A further improvement consists in a new arrangement of catch for locking the
mask ring in a central or in an extreme position & also allows the float governor to
draw down the head of water to a certain point & then stop the motor, which
will start again automatically as soon as pond or pound is filled up again.
In order that my said invention & the manner of performing the same may 'be
properly understood, I hereunto append 3 sheets of explanatory drawings to be
hereinafter referred to, & representing examples of apparatus made with my
improvements.
L
Figure 1 Sheet 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a side sectional elevation
of the strap speed governor.
Fig. 2 on the same sheet is an end sectional elevation of the governor.
On Fig. 1 the numeral 1 is a main frame in which the horizontal driving shaft 2
revolves. The driving shaft 2 carries a wide pulley 3 which transmits its power
to three pulleys, 5, 6, 7 on the main horizontal shaft 4, by means of an open
leather belt. On the same shaft 4 on which the 3 pulleys revolve are two mitre

page_text: wheels 8 & 10 both gearing into another mitre wheel 9. The pulley 5 & mitre
wheel 8 are both keyed on the shaft 4 while the pulley 7 & mitre wheel 10 are
joined together by a tube casting & are both loose on the shaft 4. The pulley 6 is
a false pulley on which the strap runs when the governor is working at its right
speed. The mitre wheel 9 is simply to cause the pulleys 5 & 7 to revolve in
contrary directions. The driving shaft 2 has also a mitre wheel keyed on it which
drives a vertical shaft 18 revolving in a step bearing on the bracket 11. This
vertical shaft carries the governor balls & pear-shape weight which serves as a
sleeve the same as described in Letters Patent Dec. 24th 1879 No. 5274. The
movement of this sleeve or governor index is communicated to the parallel strap
guide by means of a forked lever 17. The two parallel occillating lever, 12, 13
are connected by the rod 14 which carries two studs which act as a strap guide,
so that on the speed rising above the normal it causes the balls to diverge & through
the medium of the strap guide 14 throws the belt on one of the fast pulleys 7 which
causes the water to be wound off by turning the main shaft 4 which is geared up
with the sluice or gate. When the water has been taken off sufficiently to make
the speed right the governor will return to its normal or central position with the
strap running on the loose or false pulley. If the speed falls below the normal the
strap is thrown on the other fast pulley 5 which winds on the water till the governor
obtains its normal speed and the strap will return again to its central position. The
further end of the main shaft 4 is supported by another bracket 19 which carries a
small pinion 20 with the one jaw of a clutch loose on the main shaft 4. The other
jaw 21 is fixed to the shaft by means of a feather on which it is free to slide in or
out of gear with the loose pinion which is kept in position by the bracket 19. To
the pinion is attached a tube to which a bevel or spur wheel is keyed in order to
gear up the governor to the sluice or gate. Usually the hand wheel to wind on or
off the water is here attached to the wheel that gears into the cog wheel on the
tube casting. The clutch 21 is kept in or out of gear by a small weighted lever 23
which is attached to the throwing-cut gear bracket 22, the bracket 22 being bolted
to the bracket II. This bracket 22 carries a screw 24 with a fine thread, revolved
by a spur wheel 25 which gears into the pinion 20. This screws winds along an
eccentric cam 26 which when it reaches the end jambs against the collar 27 &
causes the cam to revolve with the screw; this cam being eccentric raises a lever 28
which is fastened to another lever 29 which raises the pear shaped weight 16 & so
causes the governor to take up its central position. The object of the throwing
out gear is to prevent the governor from winding the water on when there is no
water to wind on, & so jamb the gate or shut or sluice, & thereby cause a breakage
or strain. When the water has again risen sufficiently to cause the governor to
begin to wind off the water the cam will release the weight & the governor balls
will again control the speed of the motor. The throwing-out gears works entirely
automatically & is always in gear with the hand wheel & therefore in gear with the
gate or shut, no matter whether the governor is in gear or not, so that a man.
winding on the water can tell when all the water is on by observing that the pear-
shaped weight is being lifted.
There is also an electric bell push attached to each end of the bracket that holds
the screw so that when the cam reaches either end of the screw, that is when the
gate is in its extreme positions of full open or closed, the man in attendance can be
made acquainted of the fact by the ringing of the electric bell that can be fitted in
any place which is most convenient to the attendant. The cam causes the bell push
to be pressed so making the electric circuit closed. The advantage of the clutch 21
s that the governor can be thrown out at leisure, & that in winding on or off the
water the whole governor need not be worked during the operation, so that when
the motor is started the governor can be thrown into gear by hand.
Fig. 1 Sheet 2 of the accompanying drawings is a side sectional elevation of the
Hoat governor which is a modification of the speed governor above described.
Fig. 2 of the same sheet is an end sectional elevation & Fig. 3 is a plan of the
hrowing-out gear nut.

page_text: In Fig. 1 the numeral 1 is the main frame in which revolves the horizontal
driving shaft 2 on which is keyed a wide pulley 3. The power from this pulley is
transmitted by means of a belt to three pulleys, 5, 6, 7, of which 6 is a false pulley.
The pulley 5 is keyed to the main horizontal shaft 4, & the pulley 7 is keyed to
the sleeve cast on to the mitre wheel 10. The 3 bevel wheels 8, 9, 10 being all in
gear, with the bevel wheel 8 keyed to the shaft 4, bevel wheel 9 keyed to the
vertical shaft 18 hereinafter described. Auxilary support is given to shafts 4 & 18
by means of the bracket 11. The further end of the shaft 4 is supported by
another bracket 19, which bracket also carries a clutch 21, similar to the clutch
described in the speed governor above, which is used to throw the governor in or
out of gear with the gearing that couples the governor to the gate, sluice, or shut,
of the water motor. The strap guide 14 is similar to that described in the speed
governor above with the exception that the forked lever 17 is not attached to any
sleeve. The strap guide in this governor is controlled by means of the float 20
which floats on the head water of the motor close to the gate or sluice, & therefore
keeps the same level as the head water. The movements of this float, which is kept
in position to move vertically only by two parallel levers 22, 22, is transmitted to
the strap guide by means of a cord or other medium A A, which is connected in
the most convenient manner with the parallel guide lever 12, & the top lever 22.
The principle of this float governor is that the head of water close to the gate or
sluice of the motor shall be kept at a constant maximum height, usually called weir
level, the principle being affected in this way. The governor, which is driven by
the motor by a suitable pulley on shaft 2, will close the gate or sluice when the
float falls through the float pulling the strap over on to the fast pulley which
winds the water off & when the head water has again attained its normal
level the float will have risen & caused the strap to be thrown on the false pulley.
If in the case of too much water the float would rise & so cause the governor to
wind on the water so that the head water might be lowered. The cord or other
medium is kept in tension by the balance weight 15 attached to the parallel lever 12
of the strap guide. In the case of too much water, as in the case of a flood, when
the water could not pass through the gate quite enough, the governor would still
endeavour to wind the water on until the gate was as wide open as it could possibly
be, in which case some breakage or strain must occur if the governor were not
stopped.
To prevent such a breakage or strain the governor is fitted with a throwing-
out gear which consists of two screw nuts 16, 16", shown in plan Fig. 3 Sheet 2,
which are wound up & down by the vertical screw 18 & kept from revolving by
the web on the main casting. The vertical screw has the same relative number
of turns to the shaft that works the gate. This screw nut 16 is such a distance
from the forked lever 17 that when the governor has wound on the water the
gate is just about to jamb, the screw nut will descend & press upon the lever 17
& cause the strap guide to take its central position, & so prevents the governor
over winding. The screw nut 16* serves the purpose of throwing out the governor
when the head water is insufficient, so that the governor endeavours to wind the
water off until the gate is closed, in which case the nut 16* raises the forked lever 17
& throws the strap into the central position. This case can only occur where the
water motor is coupled to a steam, gas, or electric, motor because the water motor
if working by itself would stop through want of water before the gate became
jambed. This throwing-out gear is entirely automatic while the clutch above
described is thrown in or out of gear by hand at leisure.
Fig. 1 Sheet 3 of the accompanying drawings is an end elevation of the combined
speed & float governor.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the float governor, the speed governor being shown
in section. The float governor is the same as that described in Letters Patent
A.D. 1879 Dec. 24th No. 5274 & the speed governor is the same in principle as
that described in Letters Patent A.D. 1879 24th Dec. No. 5274 & as the speed
governor above described,

page_text: 1 represents the frame of the speed governor which is bolted to the frame of
the float governor 2. In the top of the speed governor frame revolves the
horizontal shaft 3 which carries 2 fast pulleys & a false pulley viz. 4, 5, 6. The
pulley 4 is keyed to the shaft 3, the pulley 6 is a false one, & revolves between
4 & 5, 5 being cast to a sleeve that carries a bevel wheel 7 which gears into another
bevel wheel 8 keyed to the vertical shaft 11. The bevel wheel 9 is keyed to the
shaft 3, & gears into bevel wheel 10 which is cast with the bevel wheel 8. The
principle of the above bevel wheels is to obtain a difference of speed of the governor
shaft 11 when the belt that drives the pulleys 4, 5, 6 runs at a constant speed. The
vertical shaft 11 carries the governor balls & index or sleeve 12 above described in
the strap speed governor. The movements of this index is communicated to the
governor index 15 of the float governor by the levers 13, & 14. The pin 16 that
fastens the lever 14 to the index 15 being made suitable to be removed at leisure.
On the lower end of the vertical shaft 11 is keyed a small pinion 17 which gears
into the bevel wheel 18 that serves as the crank of the float governor. The
crank 18 gives an occilating motion to the rocking arm 20 by means of the
connecting rod 19.
The rest of the float governor being described in Letters
Patent A.D. 1879 Dec. 24th No. 5274. The float governor index 15 is also
connected with a float 21 by a removeable pin 22, but the two pins 16 & 22 are
never in the index 15 at the same time. The principle of the combined speed &
float governor is as follows: In cases where steam & water motors are used in
conjunction at times say during the day & the water motor is used solely at night
the above governor is applicable. When steam & water are used in conjunction
the governor is made a float governor solely, the pin 16 being removed & the governor
spindle 11 revolved at the lower speed. The principle of this governor is identical
to that described above. During the night the steam motor is disconnected &
the governor is made into a speed governor the pin 16 being replaced & the pin 22
withdrawn. So that the governor is solely a speed governor in principle the same
as that described above. The governor is fitted with a throwing-out gear, for the
same reasons as above described, consisting in a worm wheel 23 which gears into a
worm on the ratchet wheel 24. This worm wheel 23 is fitted with a projection 25
which engages with a cam 26.
In cases where steam & water power in a mill are coupled together, the governor
on the engine regulates the speed of the machinery & the float governor is then
used to get the best value out of the water which it does by maintaining the
maximum fall, & by preventing any water running to waste over the weir till the
full capacity of the wheel is reached. But often at night or when there is a large
quantity of water it may be advantageous to work the water motor alone & then
the water motor wants to be governed for speed by the governor balls shown in
Figs. 1 & 2, Sheet 3. We have then to disconnect the float from controlling the
mask-ring 27 which it does through the medium of the sector 28 & the pinion 29
(the latter being cast on & forming part of the mask-ring 27). To disconnect the
float the pin 22 is taken out & to connect the governor balls the pin 16 is put in, the
balls being then connected with the mask-ring mechanism through the connecting
rod 14, etc. and as the action of the pawls when used for governing speed requires
to be more rapid than when used as a float governor, the driving belt is thrown on
to pulley 5, Fig. 1, Sheet 3, to get the quicker action.
When the governor is used as a float governor it is not only essential that the
putting on pawl should be thrown out of gear, when the sluice gets wide open; but
also that the taking off pawl should be thrown out of gear when the gate or sluice
has taken the water off, and for this purpose a crown tooth wheel 23 is provided
which gears into a scroll on the ratchet wheel and moves a tooth backward or
forward for every revolution. On this wheel 23 is fitted a double ended projection
plate 25 which coming into contact with a portion of the cam 26 turns it round till
the projecting portion stops the acting pawl from getting into gear, this cam being
kept in its normal position by a balance weight cast on the cam, which on revolving

page_text: throws the acting pawl out of gear; i.e. the pawl cannot engage itself in the ratchet
wheel 24, being supported by the cam 26.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1st. The general arrangement of governor shown in Sheet 1, in which the driving
shaft is on the top of the frame and the governor balls driven in the way shown.
Also the combination of clutch & throwing-out gear, which allows the gate of motor
to be opened or closed by hand without moving the governor while at the same time
the proper relationship between the gate & the throwing-out gear is maintained,
which arrangement is also applicable to the governors described in Letters
Patent A.D. 1879 Dec. 24th No. 5274 and other governors. Also the use of an
electric or mechanically worked bell which calls attention to the fact that the
governor has thrown itself out of gear which is also applicable to other governors.
2nd. The arrangement of governor shown in Sheet 2 in which the three pulley
belt arrangement substantially as shown is actuated by a float by which means the
maximum fall of water is constantly maintained. I also claim the arrangement of
bell crank levers and wire or its equivalent for connecting the float with the
governor & I also claim a nut or nuts working on a screw substantially as shown for
a throwing out gear which is also applicable to other governors as well as those
described in Fatent No. 52747.
3rd. The combination of a float & speed governor as shown in Sheet 3 also the
wheel & cam throwing-out gear substantially as shown which is also applicable to
the governors described in Patent No. 5274" & others.
The special value of this arrangement being that the governor to which it is
attached can be thrown out of gear in any position either of the opening or closing
of the gate.
Dated this 11th day of October 1892.