Improvements in or Appertaining to Regenerative Gas Lamps.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 7th June, 1890-Accepted, 12th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Appertaining to Regenerative Gas Lamps.
A communication from abroad by FRITZ STELLWAG, of Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors 6 Lord Street, Liverpool and 6 Bank Street Manchester both
in the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to certain improvements in regenerative gas lamps. The
inverted flame from the mouth of the annular burner enters the circular chimney,
which is approximately concentric therewith, the under end of which is made of fire-
proof material.
The air entering at the sides of the lamp goes successively into three compartments,
Nos. 1, 2 and 3 in order that it may be heated, and then passes through an annular-
shaped chamber surrounding the burner and thence to the flame. Or the air may
pass through two compartments only, say the two inner ones. By removing the outer
compartment as well as the dividing wall between the two inner compartiments the
air may be caused to pass only through a single compartment.
The gas enters through a suitable pipe or pipes directly into the upper tubular or
annular part of the burner whence it is conducted to the flame at the lower end
thereof.
The products of combustion escape through the central chimney in an upward
direction.
The burner is specially constructed to prevent the gases being decomposed. The
air heating arrangements are also new.
The burner is composed of two annular parts joined together one within the other.
The gas issuing from the exit end of the supply pipe or pipes travels through a space
or spaces whose sectional area continually increases from the said exit of a burner
aperture.
As the cross-section of the space at the upper end of the burner is larger than that
of the supply pipe or pipes and as the cross-sectional area of the annular burner orifice
is larger still, it results that the passage for the gas on its way to the flame becomes
constantly larger to an extent corresponding to the constantly increasing heat of the
gas and to its consequent increasing volume.
Thus a constant speed of the gas is obtained and its retardation or compression is
avoided. As the travel of the gas is short, overheating in the burner and secretion
of carbon in the interior of the burner is also avoided and there is obtained a very
even combustion in the flame.
The arrangement of three compartments, Nos. 1, 2 and 3 for heating the air has
for its object:
1. The utilization to a great extent of the heat produced by the lamp.
2. The preventing of the entrance of cold air to the under part of the chimney
or to the flame (which often happens if a door is smartly closed) and the consequent
avoiding of a smoky flame. When only one or two compartments are to be employed
for heating the air, this may be also accomplished by straightening the aperture for
the entrance of air. The invention is also applicable to regenerative gas lamps in
which the inverted flame curves outwards from the centre over an annular deflecting
disc instead of inwards towards the centre as in the preceding case.
The products
of combustion pass up through an annular space above said disc and into the central
chimney.
The air enters between the bottom of the lamp proper and the lower edge of an

page_text: outer casing surrounding the lamp, into an annular compartment within said casing
up which it passes, and then it goes through one or more tubes and downwards into
an annular chamber surrounding the burner. The air passes at the lower end of
said chamber into the space between the deflecting disc and the flame within the
lamp globe. In this case also, as in the case before described, the cross-sectional
area of the burner increases towards the outer orifice. The burner is as before
composed of two parts screwed or otherwise joined together and secured to the upper
part of the annular air chamber aforesaid. The gas is led by a suitable pipe or pipes
to an orifice in the centre of the said chamber and corresponding to the upper end
of the burner orifice.
Dated this 6th day of September 1889.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Appertaining to Regenerative Gas Lamps.
A communication from abroad by FRITZ STELLWAG, of Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both
in the County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The invention relates to certain improvements in regenerative gas lamps.
In the accompanying drawings, nine different constructions of gas lamps are
represented.
In Figures 1 to 3 inclusive, the centre line separates two different forms, whilst in
Figures 4 to 6 inclusive, each Figure shows a separate arrangement of lamp. The
arrangement of the heating chambers and the arrangement for the conduction of the
burnt gases are already known or are only modifications of known constructions.
Absolutely new, however, is the construction of the different burners.
All gas burners used hitherto are narrower at the mouth or gas outlet than at the
gas inlet.
There are but few burners known which have the same transverse section
from top to bottom.
The burners of Mr. Stellwag's lamps, however, represented on the accompanying
drawings, are all larger at the gas outlet or mouth than at the inlet where the gas
enters the burner.
The reason of this construction is that, at the inside of all burners used hitherto and
burning under the influence of hot air, a decomposition of the gas takes.place, so that
the burners are much affected by the separated carbon and are finally completely
obstructed. This obstruction by soot takes place much earlier if the mouth or outlet
is narrow and if the gas remains long under pressure in the burner. If, however;
there is an enlargement of the sectional area of the burner towards the mouth, corre-
sponding to the increase of the volume of the gas by the heat, there can be no
augmentation of the pressure in the burner and, consequently, no decomposition of
the gas and obstruction of the burner by the soot.
If the burner remains free from soot, the flame also burns clear and bright and no
accumulation of soot takes place in the heating body of the lamp.
In the left half of Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, the inverted flame from
the mouth of the annular burner enters the circular chimney, which is approximately
concentric therewith, the under end of which may be made of fireproof material.
The air entering at the sides of the lamp goes successively into three compartments,
A, B and C, in order that it may be heated, and then passes through an annular

page_text: shaped chamber surrounding the burner, an thence to the flame. Or the compart-
ment A may be omitted and the air caused to pass through two compartments only,
say the two inner ones. By removing the outer compartment as well as the dividing
wall between the two inner compartments, the air may be caused to pass only through
a single compartment.
The gas enters through a suitable pipe or pipes 1 directly into the upper tubular
or annular part of the burner, whence it is conducted through a b to the flame at the
lower end thereof.
The products of combustion escape through the central chimney H in an upward
direction.
The burner is composed of two annular parts D and E, joined together one within
the other. The gas issuing from the exit end of the supply pipe or pipes 1 travels
through an annular space a b, whose sectional area continually increases from or near
the said exit to the burner aperture at b.
As the cross-sectional area of the space at the upper end of the burner is larger
than that of the supply pipe or pipes 1 and as the cross-sectional area of the annular
burner orifice b is larger still, it results that the passage for the gas on its way to the
flame becomes constantly larger to an extent corresponding to the constantly increasing
heat of the gas and to its consequent increasing volume.
Thus a constant speed of the gas is obtained and its retardation or compression is
avoided. As the travel of the gas is short, overheating in the burner and secretion of
carbon in the interior of the burner are also avoided, and there is obtained a very
even combustion in the flame.
The arrangement of three compartments, A, B and C, for heating the air has for its
object-
1. The utilisation to a great extent of the heat produced by the lamp.
2. The preventing of the entrance of cold air to the under part of the chimney or to
the flame (which often happens if a door is smartly closed) and the consequent
avoiding of a smoky flame. When only one or two compartments are to be employed
for heating the air, this may be also accomplished by straightening the aperture for
the entrance of air.
The invention is also applicable to regenerative gas lamps in which the inverted
flame curves outwards from the centre over an annular deflecting disc, instead of
inwards towards the centre as in the preceding case.
In Figure 3 (left side of line xy) the products of combustion pass up through an
annular space B above said disc and into the central chimney, K.
The air enters, between the bottom D of the lamp proper and the lower edge of an
outer casing E surrounding the lamp, into an annular compartment A within said
casing. Up this, part of the air passes, and then it goes downwards into an annular
chamber surrounding the burner. The other part of the air passes through aperture g
into the space between the deflecting disc c and the flame within the lamp globe. In
this case also, as in the case before described, the cross-sectional area of the burner
increases towards the outer orifice. The burner is, as before, composed of two
parts G and H, screwed or otherwise joined together and secured to the upper part
of the annular air chamber aforesaid. The gas is led by a suitable pipe 1 to an
orifice in the centre of the said chamber and corresponding to the upper end of the
burner orifice. Figure 1 (right side of line x y) and Figure 2 (left side of line x y)
show somewhat similar arrangements to those above described, the sectional area of
the burners in these arrangements also increases from a to b.
Figure 2 (right side of line x y), Figure 3 (right side of line y) and Figure 6
have annular burners with cores H. The gas enters along the horizontal pipes or
passages and then passes downwards into the burners to the flame burning round
a porcelain body. The sectional area of the burner becomes larger from a to b.
Figures 4 and 5 show an arrangement for lamps with upward burning flames.
Here also the sectional area of the burner increases from a towards the outer
orifices b.
The arrows indicate the paths of the gas and the air.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In lamps burning under the influence of hot air, the arrangement herein described
of burners, the cross sectional areas of which increase towards their outer orifices
and, correspond to the increase of the volume of gas produced by the heat of the
flame.
2. In regenerative gas lamps, the several arrangements of burners substantially
as described and shown with reference to Figures 1 to 6 inclusive of the accompanying
drawings.
كيم
1
P T
1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.