IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AND PARTS CONNECTED THERE WITH, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Anderson Gwynne, of 19, Hanover Terrace,
Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMPS AND PARTS CONNECTED THERE WITH, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY,"
Sealed the 25th April 1865, and dated the 4th November 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Anderson Gwynne
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th November 1864.
I, HENRY ANDERSON GWYNNE, of 19, Hanover Terrace, Regent's Park, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AND PARTS CONNECTED THERE WITH, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE.
MENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to an improved method of'moulding parts of
centrifugal pumps of the usual or other construction, which is also applicable
to the moulding of like parts for machinery generally; secondly, to improve-
ments in the construction of centrifugal pumps of the ordinary description;
and, thirdly, to a centrifugal pump of a novel form and construction.
In carrying out the first part of this Invention I construct the pump side
pattern with one or more loose pieces in front of the suction pipe, so that the.
core may be made in black sand instead of in the usual manner. The foot
valve box I mould in one piece in lieu of in two separate pieces joined

page_text: together, and provide it with a door or opening, so that the surface whereou
the valve rests can be planed and the flap taken out without disturbing the
box. I construct the pattern of the taper or connecting pipe, or of other
short lengths of pipe of a tubular form so that the core is made by ramming
black sand inside the pattern whilst the exterior of the pattern forms the
mould for the outside of the pipe. The riggers and standards are moulded
from a half pattern, which is fitted to a plate or moulding table and is with-
drawn in an accurate manner by means of a rack and pinion, screw, or other
suitable mechanical contrivance from the mould box after the mould has been
rammed up. The moulding boxes are made to fit each other exactly, so that
two boxes on being placed together will form a complete mould. The discs
are moulded in the same manner but in that case the table turns upside down
and the pattern is drawn out. The bosses of the discs are moulded in special
core boxes for the purpose in lieu of making a sand joint as heretofore
practised. The back and front covers and the glands are moulded edgewise in
lieu of flatwise as hitherto, and the half patterns are withdrawn by a similar
method to that adopted for the riggers; by this means two mould boxes may
be made to serve the purpose of three.
According to the second head of my Invention the suction pipe is formed
in the shape of a gradual curve commencing at the mouth of the bed plate
and terminating only at the entrance to the disc. I cast the journal boxes
for the spindle on to the pump side, so that the covers at present in use are
dispensed with. In the larger sizes of pumps 1 place a wedge-shaped core
between the suction passage and the outside of the case to make the face for
the gland square and to lighten the casting. On the back bearing I fit a
small
I cap so that the old white metal bearing can be removed and new metal
introduced with facility. The bed plate is cast with a flange and a short
length of pipe, by which means the separate connecting or taper pipe hitherto
employed is rendered unnecessary. A short length of pipe is placed on the
top of the pump provided with a removable segment, so that one balf of the
pump case can be taken away laterally and the disc removed and repaired if
necessary without removing the suction or discharge pipes. This part of my
Invention is applicable to other pipes or other apparatus requiring to be
occasionally inspected inside. The foot valves are constructed in three different
ways, for example, when the valve is placed at the bottom of the suction
pipe I construct it with one round flap, which falls into a taper seating, a
recess being cast in the side of the valve box, into which the flap falls when
the pump is at work leaving a perfectly free waterway of the full size of the
suction pipe. The valve can be withdrawn for repairs and replaced through a

page_text: doorway provided for that purpose in the side of the box. Two snugs are
cast in the box, and a key or wedge is driven in beneath them in order to
fasten the flap in its place and allow it freedom of action. In the second
instance I make the seating for the valve on the bed plate. In this case the
side of the pump is provided with a doorway in such a manner that ready
access is obtained to the valve. The air is exhausted from the suction pipe
by means of a small air pump working from the spindle of the disc; or I
have an air-tight tank connected by pipes and cocks to the suction pipe, so
that on the tank being filled with water and the cocks opened, the air from
the pipe is replaced with water from the tank; or I make the bed plate
hollow to answer the purpose of a tank; or I place a valve according to my
third plan in the discharge or segment pipe, above the pump and proceed to
fill the pump in either of the ways last mentioned. I also propose to leave a
circular opening in one or both sides of those cases of centrifugal pumps,
which are cast in one piece, the size of such opening or openings being
sufficient to admit of the removal of the disc therethrough. Plates or covers
are bolted over these openings after the disc has been replaced.
According to the third part of my Invention I propose to construct a
centrifugal pump in such a manner that the water (instead of passing through
a wheel or disc as at present) is forced, by blades or paddles attached to a
spindle direct from the suction pipe. The blades strike the water somewhat
after the manner of a paddle wheel and revolve in a semicircular case on the
side of the suction pipe, arranged in such a way that the water is not drawn
round by the back action of the blades, but the whole power employed is
expended in forcing the water directly up or along the suction pipe.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Anderson Gwynne in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th May 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
ANDERSON GWYNNE, of 19, Hanover Terrace, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Anderson Gwynne, Her special license that I, the said Henry

page_text: Anderson Gwynne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Henry Anderson Gwynne, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF CENTRI-
FUGAL PUMPS AND PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Anderson Gwynne, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand
and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Anderson Gwynne do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates, firstly, to an improved method of moulding parts
of centrifugal pumps of the usual or other construction, which is also applicable
to the moulding of like parts for machinery generally; secondly, to improve-
ments in the construction of centrifugal pumps of the ordinary description ;
and, thirdly, to a centrifugal pump of a novel form and construction.
In carrying out the first part of this Invention I construct the pump side
pattern with one or more loose pieces in front of the suction pipe so that
the core may be made in black sand instead of in the usual manner. The
foot valve box I mould in one piece in lieu of in two separate pieces joined
together, and provide it with a door or opening so that the surface whereon
the valve rests can be planed and the flap taken out without disturbing the
box. I construct the pattern of the taper or connecting pipe, or of other short
lengths of pipe, of a tubular form, so that the core is made by ramming black
sand inside the pattern whilst the exterior of the pattern forms the mould for
the outside of the pipe. The riggers and standards are moulded from a half
pattern, which is fitted to a plate or moulding table and is withdrawn in an
accurate manner by means of a rack and pinion, screw, or other suitable
mechanical contrivance from the mould box after the mould has been rammed

page_text: up. The moulding boxes are made to fit each other exactly, so that two
boxes on being placed together will form a complete mould. The discs are
moulded in the same manner, but in that case the table turns upside down
and the pattern is drawn out. The bosses of the discs are mouldedin special
core boxes for the purpose in lieu of making a sand joint as heretofore
practised. The back and front covers and the glands are moulded edgewise
in lieu of flatwise as hitherto, and the half patterns are withdrawn by a
similar method to that adopted for the riggers, by this means two mould boxes
may be made to serve the purpose of three.
According to the second head of my Invention the suction pipe is formed
in the shape of a gradual curve commencing at the mouth of the bed plate
and terminating only at the entrance to the disc. I cast the journal boxes
for the spindle on to the pump side so that the covers at present in use are
dispensed with. In the larger sizes of pumps I place a wedge-shaped core
between the suction passage and the outside of the case to make the face for
the gland square and to lighten the casting. On the back hearing I fit a
small cap so that the old white metal bearing can be removed and new metal
introduced with facility. The bed plate is cast with a flange, and a short
length of pipe, by which means the separate connecting or taper pipe hitherto
employed is rendered unnecessary. A short length of pipe is placed on the the
top of the pump provided with a reasonable segment, so that one half of the
pump case can be taken away laterally,and the disc removed and repaired if
necessary without removing the suction or discharge pipes. This part of my
Invention is applicable to other pipes or other apparatus requiring to be
occasionally inspected inside. The foot valves are constructed in threedifferent
ways, for example, when the valve is placed at the bottom of the suction
pipe, I construct it with one round flap which falls into a taper seating, a
recess being cast in the side of the valve box, into which the flap falls back
when the pump is at work, leaving a perfectly free waterway of the full size of
the suction pipe. The valve can be withdrawn for repairs and replaced through
a doorway provided for that purpose in the side of the box. Two snugs are
cast in the box and a key or wedge is driven in beneath them in order to
fasten the flap in its place and allow it freedom of action. In the second
instance I make the seating for the valve on the bed plate. In this case the
side of the pump is provided with a doorway in such a manner that ready
access is obtained to the valve. The air is exhausted from the suction pipe
by means of a small air pump working from the spindle of the disc; or I
have an air-tight tank connected by pipes aud cocks to the suction pipe, so
that on the tank being filled with water and the cocks opened, the air from

page_text: the pipe is replaced with water from the tank; or I make the bed plate
hollow to answer the purpose of a tank; or I place a valve according to my
third plan in the discharge or segment pipe above the pump and proceed to
fill the pump in either of the ways last mentioned. I also propose to leave a
circular opening in one or both sides of those cases of centrifugal pumps,
which we cast in one piece, the size of such opening or openings being
sufficient to admit of the removal of the disc therethrough. Plates or covers
are bolted over these openings after the disc has been replaced.
According to the third part of my Invention I propose to construct a
centrifugal pump in such a manner that the water (instead of passing through
a wheel or disc as at present) is forced by blades or paddles attached to a
spindle direct from the suction pipe. The blades strike the water somewhat
after the manner of a paddle wheel and revolve in a semicircular case on the
side of the suction pipe,arranged in such a way, that the water is not drawn
round by the back action of the blades, but the whole power employed is
expended in forcing the water directly up or along the suction pipe.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall
refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the same letters
of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings represents an inside elevation of the side
pattern of a centrifugal punip case,shewing the mode of forming a portion of
the suction pipe in accordance with the first part of my Invention; Figure 2
is a corresponding vertical section of the same taken through the centre
thereof at right angles to Figure 1; and Figure 3 represents the pattern in the
moulding box. In carrying out this part of my Invention the sand is first
rammed over the outside of the pattern, and the box is then turned over and
the suction core rammed in, a few pieces of iron rod being inserted to support
the sand and prevent it from falling. A, A, aud B, are three moveable pieces
which are now placed in the position shewn in the Drawings; the pieces A,A,
forming the pattern for the metal which separates the suction pipe from the
interior of the case,and the semicircular piece B completing the inner boss of
the case, against which the neck of the wheel or disc revolves; this piece B
may, if desired, be made in two parts by being divided in the centre. These
pieces A and B having been properly adjusted, more sand is rammed up over
them on the inner side of the pattern. The moulding-box is again turned
over and the top part C taken off. The loose flange D on which the cover
rests is now removed and the middle part of the box taken off. F, F, are
moveable flanges which come up with the middle part of the box, which is

page_text: now turned over by means of trunnions formed thereon; the moveable flanges
F, F, being then removed, and the mould finished, tho pattern is next drawn
off the bottom part G of the box, the loose pieces A and B still remaining in
the sand; these are removed by drawing one of the pieces A,A,to the right and
the other to the left, after which the piece or pieces B will come out easily.
The middle part E of the box is next put on, then the top part C, when the
mould will be ready for receiving the metal. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of my
improved foot valve box. Fig. 5 is a sectional plan of the same, and Fig. 6
is a vertical section thereof. The box A is cast in one piece with an opening
at B on one side, through which the valve seat can be planed. The flaps
(not shown in the Drawing) are secured in their places with screws or wedges
from the side,or in any convenient or well-known manner, and when adjusted
the lateral opening B is closed by bolting a plate over it, as shewn in Fig. 4.
C is the perforated cover for preventing dirt or other substances from getting
under the flaps. Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of a mould box, and pattern
showing myimproved inode of moulding the taper orconnecting pipes ofcentri-
fugal pumps. A is the pattern of the barrel part of the pipe which is made
hollow,being bored to the correct internal diameter, and B, B¹, are two loose
flanges made of hard wood, and fitting the two ends of the pipe; C, D, and
E, are the three portions of the moulding box. After the sand is rammed in
both outside and inside the pattern, the top part C is removed and the loose
flange B taken out, the box C is then replaced and cottared down on to
the box D, when the whole is turned over so as to bring the box E upwards.
This part E is now taken off, and the loose flange B¹ removed. The pattern
A is next drawn out, two screws being inserted therein for that purpose,
leaving the outside and core complete. The top E of the box being replaced,
the mould is ready for the metal. Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, illustrate my
improved method of moulding the riggers of centrifugal pumps and other
machinery. Figure 8 is a vertical section of the moulding table and apparatus
connected therewith, and Figure 9 is a plan of the same. A is an iron table
planed perfectly flat on the surface, and B (shown in detail plan detached at
Figure 10) is a square plate fitting accurately into a corresponding opening
made in the table A, and supported by two metal strips C, C, bolted to the
under side of the table. In the centre of the plateB there is an opening forined
just sufficiently large to admit of the passage therethrough of the half pattren D
of the rigger(shewn in elevation detached at Fig. 11 and in section at Figure 8)
which is fixed by screws or otherwise on to the supporting plate E. This
plate is secured to the upper end of a vertical rack F, a recess being made on
the under side of the plate for that purpose. G and Hare two brackets secured

page_text: to the under side of the table A for the purpose of supporting a spindle I,
which carries a pinion at K gearing into the rack teeth and a hand wheel L,
for the purpose of turning the spindle. M, M, are side standards which are
bolted down upon the bed plate N, and serve as supports for the table A;
one-half of the moulding box is shewn at O, and a complete box with a rigger
cast therein is represented at Figure 12. The mode of working the table is
as follows: The pattern and the moulding-box being in the position shewn at
Figure 8¹ the sand is rammed in, the pattern D being held up by passing a
key or stop through the rack, or by having a detent gearing into the teeth
of the rack. Having rammed up the mould the stop is removed, and the
wheel L rotated so as to lower the pattern D to a level with the piate B. The
box O is then removed and reversed, and a core P (Figure 12) is placed in the
print. The other half O¹ of the box is then placed on the table, and the
pattern having been brought up by means of the rack and pinion, the sand is
rammed in as before, and the pattern let down again. This half of the
box O¹ is next placed on the top of the corresponding half O', as shewn in
Figure 12, when the mould will be complete. The moulding boxes have holes
bored in the snugs for guide pins, and their edges are placed so that they will
all fit indiscriminately. One moulding table can be made to serve for different
sizes of riggers, it being simply requisite to have a moveable plate (Fig. 10)
a pattern (Figure 11) and correspondingly sized moulding box for each size of
rigger.
Figure 1 on Sheet 2 of my Drawings represents a side elevation of a
moulding table for moulding the discs or wheels of centrifugal pumps and
similar pieces of mechanism. This table is similar to that herein-before
described for moulding riggers, but in lieu of the table A being fixed it is
mounted on trunnions A'so as to be capable of being reversed or turned upside
down, and the pattern drawn up instead of drawn down, as the arms of the
disc would take the sand away from the mould if the former method were
adopted. Figure represents a plan of the table in its reversed position, and
Figure 3 is a sectional view of the moulding boxes fitted together ready for
casting. The parts contained in the boxes a, b, are moulded on the table A,
but the top box c is rammed up in the usual manner on a separate plate or
table d, shewn in Figure 4, and is then fixed to the box b, as shown in
Figure 3. Before fitting on the box c, however, the core e to form the boss
of the disc is adjusted in its place, and the central round core placed in
position. The core e is moulded in loam sand in a separate core box of its
own of a construction similar to that shewn in plan and vertical section at
Figures 5 and 6 respectively. The core box here shewn is only given as an

page_text: example, and is not shaped to produce a core of the exact shape of that
shewn at E (Figure 3). The radial partitions g, g, form the spaces for the
casting of the arms on the boss. When the different parts of the mould box
are put together, and the central core finserted, the mould is ready for
casting. Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, represent various views of the
standard and cover patterns. They are moulded in the same kind of table
employed for moulding riggers, the moulding boxes being made to suit each
pattern. The standards, covers, glands, and riggers are all moulded from half
patterns. Figure 7 is an elevation of a standard; Figure 8 represents the
half pattern of the same standard on the supporting plate E herein-before
referred to; Figure 9 represents the mould complete for casting the standard;
Figure 10 represents a mould similarly formed from the half patterns
(Figures 11 and 12) by the aid of the moulding table herein-before described
for casting the covers or stuffing boxes.
My improved method of constructing and arranging centrifugal pumps
is illustrated by Figures 13, 14, and 15. Figure 13 is a vertical section
of a pump, the disc being removed; Figure 14 is an elevation of the same
complete; aud Figure 15 represents the same pump having one half or
side of the casing with a portion of the discharge pipe removed for the
withdrawal of the disc. The peculiar curved form of the double suction
pipe is shewn at A, A, in Figure 13, the passages curving gradually
from the surface of the base plate B to the lateral inlets to the casing;
C, D, are the two journal boxes cast in one with the casing for the
spindle of the pump to work in.. In the larger sizes of pumps a wedge-
shaped core E is employed in order to lighten the casting. F is a small cap
on cover fitted on to one side of the pump for the purpose of facilitating the
removal and replacing of the bearings. The opposite journal box is provided
with the usual gland G. In one piece with the bed plate B is cast
the short taper pipe H, provided with a flange for the attachment of the
section pipe I. By this means the pump castings are shortened as the
pipe H is oval, and tapers down from the bed plate to a circular section of
the size of the suction pipe I, and consequently the usual separate con-
necting pipe is dispensed with. A short length of pipe K is bolted on to the
top of the pump, having a flange for the attachment thereto of the discharge
pipe L (Figure 15) of which it forms a portion. A segment M of the
pipe K is made removeable, the segment and pipe having suitable flanges
cast thereon for the purpose of bolting them together; by unbolting this seg-
ment one half or side of the pump case can be removed as shewn in Figure 15
without disturbing any of the fixed pipes or the bed plate, and the disc be with-

page_text: drawn and replaced. Figures 13 and 14 illustrate also an improved construc-
tion of foot valve box for centrifugal pumps of all kinds, applicable.also in
other cases where foot valves are required. In one side of the valve box N,
a recess is cast having an opening P therein through which opening the
flap Q is introduced, this flap being kept in its place by screws, wedges, or
other convenient contrivance. The object of the recess O, which should be
sufficiently large to admit the flap when fully open is to allow of the flap
opening back perfectly clear of the suction pipe by entering the recess referred
to, whereby the full area of the suction pipe is left unobstructed and a free
ingress to the water is afforded thereto. Figure 16 is a vertical section of a
centrifugal pump and bed plate shewing the valve arranged according to
another plan. A is the bed plate which is cast hollow so as to serve as a
water tank for the purpose herein-after described, and B is the short pipe
cast in one with the bed plate and passing through the tank. A valve
seating C is formed on the surface of the bed plate upon which fit the flap
valves D, 1). An opening E is made in the pump side closed by a cover by
removing which the valves can be readily taken out without disturbing the
pump; F is a pipe and cock connecting the interior of the tank with the
suction pipe; the cock is opened or closed by a spindle and handle atf; Gis
a plug which screws into a hole in the bed plate communicating with the in-
terior of the tank. The mode of action is as follows:-The pump having been
erected ready for work with the suction and discharge pipes placed in position
is first filled with water through the usual opening provided for that purpose;
the plug G is then removed and the bed plate or tank filled with water; on
replacing the plug again and opening the cock F, the water in the tank will
enter the suction pipe, the air in the latter taking the place of the water in
the tank which is on a higher level. As the valve D is closed air-tight the
water cannot escape from the suction pipe and so soon as it is filled the pump
is started and the plug G removed; the pressure of the water in the suction
pipe forces the air out of the tank, and when the water begins to flow through
the plug hole at G, the plug is replaced and the tank is then ready filled for
another start when required, the pump being always ready for work so long
as the valves D remain air-tight. Should dirt or any extraneous foreign
bodies lodge underneath the valves and prevent them from closing they may
be readily removed through the opening at E without the inconvenience
usually experienced when the valve is situate at the bottom of the suction
pipe; I prefer however to use a small air pump as shown at A in the elevation
of a pump (Figure 17) which is connected by a pipe a with the suction pipe.
The air pump is worked by an eccentric B on the spindle C of the centrifugal

page_text: pump so that when the centrifugal pump is started the air will be exhausted
from the suction pipe and pump casing, the air pump being thrown out of
action so soon as the water rises into the pump casing by means of a sliding
clutch and clutch lever D; by this arrangement all charging or filling of the
pump and suction pipe is obviated, the valves may either be placed on the
bed plate as shewn in Figure 16, or they may be placed in the segment K
above the pump as illustrated in Figure 17, the recess for the flap to fall back
into being shewn at O.
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings represent respectively a
vertical section and side elevation of a centrifugal pump made with double
suction passages A, A, forming part of the body of the pump, a portion
of one of such suction passages A' being made removeable with the greater
part of one side of the pump case, leaving a circular opening for the pur-
pose of enabling the disc and spindle to be readily withdrawn without
disturbing the main suction and discharge pipes, the removeable part is
colored red-in Figure 1. The rest of the case is cast in one piece. Bis the
gland, and C the moveable cap or cover for facilitating the introduction and
removal of the back bearing. In this arrangement standards and bed plates
are dispensed with as the suction and discharge pipes are secured directly to
the pump case.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of a novel form of rotatory pump; Figure 4
is a vertical section of the same; Figure 5 is a side elevation with a
portion of the casing removed, and Figure 6 is a separate detail of the
revolving blades and spindle detached. A and B represent the pump case,
the portion B being removeable and attached by bolts and flanges to the side
of the part A; this moveable part forms a hollow semicircle and fits against
the side of the part A,which forins a continuation of the suction and discharge
pipes C and D, such pipes being bolted to the flanges at the bottom and top
of the part A respectively. An opening of the forin shown at E is made in
the side of the part A,over which fits the part B, such opening admitting of
the free revolution of the blades F, F, fast on the spindle G, which works in
bearings contained in separate brackets H, secured to a bed plate 1, or cast
on the pump casing itself. The opening E is just large enough to allow the
blades to work through,and the size and shape of these blades should corres-
pond with the diameter and configuration of the transverse section of the part
A of the case, the blades being made to revolve nearly but not in actual con-
tact with the case. The suction and discharge pipes being fixed, and a foot
valve provided as in ordinary pumps,water is poured in so as to fill the pipes
and case, whereupon on starting the pump, the blades by their revolution in

page_text: the direction of the arrow will strike the water and force it up through the
discharge pipe D, the centrifugal force acting on the water prevents it from
being drawn round in any considerable quantity into the case B.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel
and original,and therefore claim as the Invention secured to mebythe herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st, the system or mode of moulding the cases and suction pipes of centri-
fugal pumps bythe aid of one or more loose pieces or patterns substantially us
herein-before described and illustrated by Sheet 1 of my Drawings.
2nd, the casting of the foot valve box of centrifugal pumps in one piece as
herein-before described.
3rd, the moulding of the connecting pipes of centrifugal pumps and other
short lengths of pipe by the aid of a tubular pattern and loose pieces for
the flanges where required as described and illustrated on Sheet One of my
Drawings.
4th, the system or mode of moulding the various parts of centrifugal pumps
and other portions of machinery capable of being so moulded from half patterns
by the aid of the herein described peculiar moulding tube,substantially as set
forth and illustrated on Sheets 1 and 2 of my Drawings.
5th, the peculiar construction and arrangement of centrifugal pump case
and parts connected therewith as herein-before described under the second
head of my Invention, and illustrated by Figures 13,14, and 15 on Sheet 2 of
my Drawings.
. 6th, the casting of the bed plates of centrifugal pumps in one piece with the
'connecting pipe as and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated
on Sheet 2 of my Drawings.
7th, the application and use to and in centrifugal pumps of a short length
of pipe on the discharge side, provided with a moveable segment in the
manner and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated on Sheet 2
of my Drawings.
8th, making the valve seating of a centrifugal pump on the bed plate as
herein-before described.
9th, the application and use to and in centrifugal pumps of a small air
pump worked from the spindle of the pump itself for the purpose herein-before
described.
10th, the constructing of those cases of centrifugal pumpswhich are cast in
one piece with a circular opening in one or both sides for the removal of the

page_text: disc as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 3
of my Drawings.
11th, the peculiar construction of rotatory or centrifugal pumps substan-
tially as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 on
Sheet 3 of my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Anderson Gwynne, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
HENRY ANDERSON GWYNNE. (L.s.)
HENRY ANDERSON GWYNNE. (L.s.)