Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd June, 1887
Complete Left, 7th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 9th Dec., 1887
I, JOSEPH DANLY, in care of Messrs. E. Bede & Co. of 29 Rue Philippe le Bon,
Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to such buildings as are constructed of sheets of metal, tie
plates and other pieces as described in the specification of my Patent No. 4646 of
2 April 1886, and consists in certain improvements in said construction and pieces
therefor. These improvements are as follows:
The tie plates are perforated in a suitable manner to allow a circulation of air
between or within the double walls of the building.
The lower flanges on the panels or surface plates mentioned in the said specifica-
tion are caused to overlap more or less the upper flanges of the contiguous plates
below, so as to prevent rain dust, etc. from penetrating into the walls.
The horizontal tie plates are also provided at equal distances along their edges with
rectangular recesses, (the distance between two such recesses being equal to the
module, of which the dimensions of the edges of the panels are equals or multiples as
set forth in the said specification before referred to), these recesses serving to receive
the webs of T irons inserted between the contiguous vertical flanges of the panels.
For Tiron may equally be used I iron.
Around the openings of the windows or doors is fixed right angled Z iron. The
centre web fixed to the flange of the contiguous panel, the outer flange of said
Z iron overlapping said panel flange, and the inner flange forming with the corre-
sponding inner flange of the Z iron of the other wall surface, parallel faces for
holding between them the posts lintels or sills of the window or door opening.
The invention further relates to the foundations, ceilings roof and chimneys of said
buildings. Foundations of the usual constructions may generally be dispensed with,
the bases of the walls being erected upon two superposed frames resting upon the
levelled ground and formed of parallel [ irons stayed and connected together. The
lower frame serves to support by its lower flange or otherwise the girders or beams
preferably of I iron, on which the flooring rests. The upper frame which is

page_text: terminated where doorways are formed, serves as a skirting to the walls and a base
for the panels. This skirting may be perforated for purpose of ventilation. At each
storey a similar frame is inserted. The ceiling may be formed of panels supported
upon the lower flanges of the I girders. These panels may be made sufficiently
strong to support the weight of tiled or other pavement.
At the top of the walls is placed a similar frame of double [ iron supporting the
roof and gutters, the latter being made of ornamental as well as useful form.
The roofing may be composed of panels overlapping on their horizontal joints and
connected along the slope of the roof by bolted flanges with interposed sheets filling
the place of rafters, provided the roof is not too large.
Chimney shafts may be made from suitable designed panels and broad vertical
tie plates, the construction projecting if desired beyond the inner face of the wall
to represent a chimney breast. The chimney shafts preferably terminate in the
loft or space between the roof and the ceiling of the upper floor. Through the
shafts are passed the flues from the stoves, the same being extended into the open
air. By the heat of these flues air is drawn up through the building and good
ventilation thereof is thus obtained; suitable register may be used for regulating
the said ventilation.
The improvements also comprise a novel construction applicable to corners or
angles of the buildings. For this purpose curved plates or panels are employed
forming quadrants of a circle, with outstanding flanges. These may be made of two
sizes; those for salient angles having preferably a radius equal to the module of
which the dimensions of the plates are multiples; those for reentering angles having
a radius equal to that of the salient angle panels less the thickness of the wall or
partition. These plates may then be used for all angles whether of main walls or
partitions. These angle panels may be combined together and also with other panels
or plates by means of suitable ties and stays. Or such combined parts may be made
in one piece such combinations or pieces being suitable for simultaneous erection of
all angles usually occurring in buildings at the junction of two or more walls running
in varying directions. Due regard being taken in the construction of such combina-
tions or pieces that they be measured on the basis of the module so that the
various walls and parts fit correctly and squarely together.
Dated this 22nd day of June 1887.
HERBERT & Co.,
67, Strand.

page_text: Improvements in Metallic Buildings.
I, JOSEPH DANLY in care of Messrs. E. Bede & Co. 29 Rue Philippe-le-Bon,
Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
--
This invention relates to such buildings as are constructed of sheets of metal, tie
plates and other pieces as described in the specification of my Patent No. 4646 of
2 April 1886 and consists in certain improvements in said construction and pieces
therefor.
The improvements relate principally to the manner of assombling the various parts
of the construction vertically and horizontally for rendering the same more simple
and for preventing elevation or decrease of temperature by a continuous circulation
of air in the interior of the walls.
The faces of the walls are composed as described in the specification of Patent
No. 4646 of 1886 aforesaid, of their plates which are strengthened and at the same
time ornamented by a system of relieved surfaces analogous to the face of cut stone
panelling and the like said plates having perpendicular flanges around their edges.
By use of a comparatively small number of models, that is of plates representing
parts of panelling, columns, architraves, lintels, voussoirs etc., matched in wall
surfaces all architectural combinations occurring in the construction of walls can be
easily produced. For this purpose the sizes of the adjacent rims of all plates are
multiples of the same module dimension which is the breadth of the smallest piece
employed (architraves of windows) and in the centre of each division or module, the
flanges of the panels are perforated. The panels are placed in horizontal courses to
form the two faces of the walls. Between each course is interposed a flat iron tie
plate, the breadth of which determines the thickness of the wall.
One of my improvements consists in arranging in the centre of the tie plates large
openings for the circulation of air in the walls etc., the edges of said tie plates are
also provided with two rows of connecting holes at module distance. These flat
pieces extend along the whole length of the wall piece or of the spaces between
columns or windows.
As shown in Fig. 1, a are the panels provided with flanges b, c are the flat iron tie
plates having perforations d. Owing to this arrangement, the connecting holes of
the panels, whatever may be the shape and arrangement of the latter are always in
correspondence with one another and with the holes of interposed tie plates; these
pieces can therefore be easily connected by means of bolts or rivets. The lower
Hanges of the upper panels are bent over the joints to prevent the rain from
penetrating.
In the two edges of the tie plates, at the extremities of each nodule, rectangular
notches e e e are provided of a sufficient size of cross section to admit the web of a
Small T iron. Such T irons f, the webs of which are provided with connecting

page_text: holes at the distance of the module, are interposed between the vertical joints of the
panels in the two faces of the walls and are bolted together therewith. This can
be done with any breadth of panels.
These arrangements have the following advantages over those of the before
mentioned patent which consisted in interposing likewise tie plates between the
vertical joints.
1. The irons and the horizontal tie plates can be extended the whole height and
breadth respectively of the walls, whereas with the tie pieces interposed in both
directions they had to be alternately discontinued at each inter section.
Thus better connection and resistance are ensured in all directions.
2. The arrangement of the panels of the two faces of a wall can be different,
which is often very useful.
3. The wings of the Tirons cover completely the vertical joints of the panels.
4. The employment of the Tirons dispenses with one of the two metallic com-
munications between the sides of the walls and consequently diminishes the facility of
transmission of heat from one side to the other which is very essential.
The most important improvement however is that the openings & provided in the
tie plates allow of a free circulation of the air between the two sides of the walls.
- shaped irons may be also employed instead of T irons for decreasing the
number of connecting bolts or rivets required.
Round bays, doors and windows 1 employ Z irons of the shape shown in Fig. 2,
the small branch
g of which serves to cover the joint, while the other, h enclose
and fix the frames of the doors and windows.
In case of interior partitions the arrangement of the T shaped irons and tie plates
is the same but the latter are without holes, as shown in Fig. 3f being the Tirons
and c the tie plates.
My invention further relates to the bases of walls and ground floors except where
the ground is exceedingly bad, the improved buildings do not need any foundations,
but are placed direct on the levelled ground, having as a base two superposed
rigid frames of [ shaped iron, strengthened and tied at the distance of the sides
of the walls. This arrangement of bases is shown by Fig. 4 K K¹ being the two
superposed frames.
The lower frame K serves to support the I shaped iron supporting the floor /
or as a coffer for the concrete of the pavement; the upper frame K' which is
interrupted at the doorways serves as a skirting and for the attachment of the
lower flanges of the first row of panels of the walls, which are bolted or rivetted
thereto. The inner skirting of the outer walls is provided with openings m for
ventilating purposes.
On each storey a similar arrangement is made to that on the ground floor as
shown in Fig. 5.
At the height of each storey a frame K K' is interposed between the walls of the
lower storey N and those of the upper storey N¹ and serves as a support for the
beams P of the floor O and of the ceilings O'.
The ceilings are formed of embossed metal sheets O¹ in form of coffers which
are placed on the lower wings of the I irons P which form the beams, with which
they are securely connected." If required the ceilings may be made sufficiently
strong to support incombustible flooring.
At the summit of the walls of the buildings the said walls are completed with
another iron frame K consisting of two strengthened ☐ shaped irons; this frame
serves to support the roofing and gutters R in the manner shown in Fig. 6. The
gutters Rare made preferably of rolled iron and consist of the combination of an
iron shaped as R Fig. 6 and a column iron shaped as R' Fig. 6 forming a very solid,
elegant and suitable combination.
The inner chimney pieces or fire places of these buildings are easily executed with
the ordinary shape of marble chimneys by means of ordinary panels of embossed
sheet metal in front and of broader tie plates laterally to allow the desired projections
to be made.

page_text: The covering or roofing of my improved buildings is likewise effected by means of
panels of embossed sheet metal connected by overlapping or roll coverings for the
horizontal joints, and for the sloping joints by flanged rims bolted together with the
interposition of tie plates serving as rafters.
These therefore resemble in some way tiles of large size connected together by
means of bolts, and the shapes and dimensions of which are exactly so combined as to
allow all combinations of ridges to be executed without any bending. All the tiles
are provided with flanges covering perfectly the joints of the slope.
Thus roofing can be made without frame work, analogous to roofing of corrugated
sheet iron or plain roofing of various slopos.
The improved roofing does not require frame or timber work unless the breadth
exceeds 6 to 7 metres. Under these sizes the plate rafters suffice to ensure the
necessary resistance.
The breadths of the constituents correspond to the sizes of the panels of the walls,
and their lengths along the slope are so calculated that the horizontal projection
thereof likewise corresponds to these dimensions.
CONNECTION OF THE INTERSECTIONS OF WALLS, PARTITIONS, BASE BEAMS, CORNICES; ETC.
It is extremely important in practice to be able to effect in an easy and correct
manner and by means of a small number of elements, which are always the same, the
connection at the intersections of walls and partitions in the various cases occurring
in somewhat complicated constructions. To this end 1 employ rolled iron of the
shape of a quadrant having at its edges radially salient flanges (column iron) as t
Figs. 7 and 8 for the formation of the interior corners and embossed sheet iron of a
similar cross section for the formation of exterior corners salient or reentering.
These cross sections have the advantage of presenting normal connecting rims to
the faces of the walls to be joined the same being therefore easily and correctly con-
nected with the flanges of the last panels of the walls as shown in Fig. 8 this
connection being the same as in plain walls.
These column irons and sheets are continued for the whole height of the building
or at least between the frames of iron dividing the, storeys. They thus form
substantially columns or posts which fortify the construction where required.
Fig. 7 shows the connection of a partitions to the principal wall by means of the
aforesaid irons t.
Fig. 8 shows an angle connection by means of said irons t, in this case the quadrant
formed by the plate used for the formation of the salient corner is traced with the
module as radius.
Therefore the application of this element does not entail any exception from the rule
that the lengths of the outer walls remain multiples of the module, which is necessary
in order to preserve an exact correspondence with the panels of the roofing.
The connections of the intersections of the ] [ shaped strengthened iron beams
serving as base and top for the walls and interior partitions are produced as also the
connections of the intersections of gutters by means of cast pieces having exactly the
forms and dimensions of the connections of the intersections of the walls or partitions
to which they serve as hase or top. They resemble somewhat the column irons and
plates aforesaid which compose these connections in the walls, having a shape
respective thereto. Their length in the direction of the walls is equal to the module
but they are provided in the directions of the walls or partitions to be connected, with
tenons or underlaps which penetrate between the shaped parts of the beans, with
which they are bolted.
Figs. 9-35 show specimens of the divers pieces employed viz.
Fig. 9 a piece A serving to connect the ☐ shaped iron double beams of the base or
intermediate storeys at the junction of two exterior walls meeting at a right angle and
forining a projecting corner.
Fi 10 niece A¹ serving for the same purpose in the case of simple beams.

page_text: Figs. 11 and 12 pieces R and R' serving for the connection of double or single
☐ shaped iron beams, of the base or intermediate storeys at the intersection of two
exterior walls meeting at a right angle as a receding corner with the extension of
these walls as interior partitions.
Figs. 13 and 14, pieces F and F serving for the connection of the ☐ shaped
double or single beams of the base or intermediate storeys with the intersection of
two partitions crossing at a right angle. Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18, pieces 0 0¹, P P¹
serving to connect double or simple shaped beams of the base and intermediate
storeys with the junction of two exterior walls meeting at a right angle as a receding
corner with the extension of one of these walls as an interior partition.
Figs. 15 and 16 show right handed pieces.
Figs. 17 and 18 left handed pieces.
Figs. 19 and 26 pieces H H serving for the connection of the double or simple
iron beams of the base or intermediate storeys of straight walls divided by
columns or set offs, the pieces illustrated are for set offs of the breadth of
two modules.
Figs. 20 and 21 tie pieces of the ✓ shaped double and simple beams.
Figs. 22 and 23, pieces B and B₁ serving for the connection of the ✓ shaped
double and simple beams of the base or intermediate storeys with the junction of an
inner partition met at a right angle by another inner partition.
Figs. 24 and 25, pieces E and E¹ serving to connect the double or simple: ☐ shaped
beams of the base or intermediate storeys with junction of an exterior wall met at
a right angle by an interior partition.
Fig. 27, piece I serving to connect simple shaped iron beams of the base or
intermediate storeys at the junction of two interior partitions meeting at a
right angle.
An analogous piece is also provided for double beams.
Figs. 28 and 29 pieces A2 A3 serving to connect the _ shaped iron beams of the
gutter cornices crowning the walls at the junction of two exterior walls meeting at a
right angle and forming a projecting corner; the pieces A2 for cornices of the large
pattern; the pieces A³ for cornices of small pattern.
Figs. 30 and 31, pieces 02, 0³ serve for the same purpose as the preceding in case
the corner is receding.
Figs. 32 and 34, pieces E², E³ serving to connect the simple shaped iron beams
and gutter cornices at the summit of the walls at the junction of an exterior wall with
an interior partition at a right angle thereto. Fig. 32 for a cornice of large pattern,
Fig. 34 for small pattern. Figs. 33 and 35 pieces H2 H3 serving to connect the
simple shaped iron beams and gutter cornices crowning the walls above columns
or off sets of two modules breadth.
All these pieces calculated for all cases of intersection at right angles, which may
be met with in constructions, permit of correct connections of walls and partitions, in
all cases by means of the same elements, reducing the thickness of the interior
partitions to half the thickness of the outer walls.
These parts, as mentioned above have great importance in practice since there is no
complication in connecting and no difficulty of erection, therefore the ☐ pieces of
the foundations cornices and large cross beams are merely pieces cut so that their
length consists of multiples of the module and pierced after uniform models so that
they may be manufactured in advance in the same manner as the panels of the walls,
the Tirons, roofing panels etc.
It is obvious that the air can freely circulate in the space comprised between the
two faces of exterior walls, this space communicates with the interior of the rooms
by holes provided in the skirtings, and it is also naturally in communication with the
space between the roofing and the last or uppermost ceiling of the building. The
latter space is also necessarily traversed by the chimneys which surround the smoke-
flues of the stoves.
By furnishing the said chimneys with large openings above and giving the chimneys

page_text: sufficient size, ventilating shafts are produced, which, by the heat of the smoke-flues,
in winter draw up and lead out the air of all rooms, each room being, according to
the principles of good ventilation, provided with sufficient air inlets and with regulating
devices for the same.
In summer the smoke flues of the kitchen stoves perform partly the same office and
the action of the sun on the outer sides of the walls and principally on the iron roofing
also contributes to the current of the air.
The mode of ventilation is therefore characterised by the continuous passage
between the sides of the exterior walls, of the air, which previously served for the
ventilation of the rooms. This circulation attains a velocity of about a mètre per
second and prevents the cooling of the rooms by the outer air in winter and the
heating thereof by the action of the sun in summer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
In metallic buildings
1. The combination of plates a having flanges b, with Tirons adapted to be inserted
between contiguous flanges of said plates, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination in a wall of two wall surfaces and tie plates c for connection of
said wall surfaces and having perforations d, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
3. The combination in a wall, of two wall surfaces cach composed of a series of
plates u, tie plates c, having recesses e, and T irons f, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
4. The frames K, K, K', K' substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. The combination with meeting or intersecting wall surfaces, of quadrant or
arc shaped irons or plates for the connection of said wall surfaces substantially as
set forth.
6. The combination with simple or superposed frames, beams K K₁ of cast junction
blocks adapted to connect said frame beams substantially as set forth.
7. The combination with hollow walls open above of orifices m in said walls, at or
near the floor of each room of the building for ventilation, substantially as described
and illustrated.
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