IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MEANS FOR THERMOSTATICALLY REGULATING AND GOVERNING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS OR GASES FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHING COOLING AND REFRIGERATING PURPOSES
Year: 1885

page_text: vr rases 10т
Fire Extinguishing, Cooling, and Refrigerating Purposes.
I PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature
of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MEANS FOR
THERMOSTATICALLY REGULATING AND GOVERNING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS OR
GASES FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHING COOLING AND REFRIGERATING PURPOSES," a
communication to me from abroad by Joseph Ellicott Holmes of the City of
Washington, District of Columbia United States of America, to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to secure a more extended system for extin-
guishing fires, especially in the incipient stages (whether from spontaneous
combustion accident or incendiarism), that shall be applicable and available for
immediate use, thoroughly automatic in its action and that can be applied to all
enclosed rooms, houses, outbuildings, and generally to places where fires are likely
to occur. The invention being further applicable for cooling and refrigeration,.
such as the preservation of meats and other perishable articles either stationary or
in transit by trains or in ships, as also to burial cases and to the cooling of rooms
of dwellings and hospitals. These desirable ends are attained through the use of
a thermometric governor for regulating the flow of liquids and gases, in combination
with the various applications of liquids and gases to the within described apparatus
for extinguishing fires and for cooling and refrigerating purposes. Premising that
those liquids and gases best suited for either suppressing fire or for cooling or
freezing, are contemplated (such as water, carbonic acid gas, carbonic oxide, or.
sulphurated hydrogen, or anhydrous ammoniacal gas or air all under high pressure).
I will now describe the said thermometric governor in detail, and its arrangement
and combination with the appliances alluded to as essential to the end to be.
attained. The apparatus consists of a reservoir or holder, adapted to operate.
automatically a valve for the regulation of the flow or discharge of expanding
Price 1L/1

page_text: gases and liquids under pressure. The reservoir or holder is formed of a long
narrow tube, or width may be substituted for length by widening said tube out
into a bulb or other shape, or the tube may be serpentine.
This tube is adapted to contain mercury or other highly expansive liquid under
an increasing temperature, the expansion and contraction of the fluid, acting upon
a piston and rod, situated in the upper portion of the tube, said piston directly
controlling and operating the valve.
The piston rod is grooved on opposite sides for the escape of gas when the valve
is lifted from its seat. These grooves are graduated, beginning at the underside of
the valve and gradually deepening and enlarged till a passage is free for any
required escape of gas which in the case of fire, needs to be much more free than
for refrigeration. To set or fill the instrument, a plug screw is situated at the
bottom of the long tube, and if it is to be employed as a fire extinguisher the piston
is moved down in the neck of the tube till the valve is firmly in its seat; where it
is kept by something placed over it, and held to it by a coupling nut.
The instrument is then immersed in water heated to say 130 to 150 degrees
Fahrenheit, the liquid it is desired to use being heated at the same time in a
separate vessel, until it is ascertained by a reliable thermometer that both the
instrument and the liquid are at the desired temperature; the instrument is then
turned bottom up, the screw plug removed and the chamber filled with the liquid
to the exclusion of all air and other substances, the screw is then quickly replaced,
and the chamber reversed, after which the binder on top of the valve may be
removed. The valve thus arranged will keep its seat until the surrounding
temperature is greater than that shewn for the minimum degree selected, but the
moment when an excess above that selected is felt, the piston and rod force the
valve from its seat, and the gas escapes till all flame and combustion is extinct.
Thus the action is automatic when the given heat is reached. For purposes of
suppressing combustion of course the gas for extinguishing is allowed to escape
into the room to be protected, not so for refrigeration; it is then, as it escapes
through the valve conducted into pipes, through which it circulates till it reaches
the outlet, and is conveyed into the collecting reservoir or conveyed by hose or
other pipes to the open air.
In both cases the moment the temperature falls below the desired temperature,
the valve closes owing to the vacuum caused by the contraction of the liquid in
the chamber below the piston and by the pressure of the gas on the valve, but the
filling of the instrument must be by producing the temperature in a freezing
mixture following the same rules as before; but the pressure on the valve to keep
it in position while being filled must be relieved instantly, as a rising temperature
will lift the valve or the instrument will be ruined.
One of the simplest forms for a fire extinguisher is a holder for the compressed
gas with the instrument or governor attached, this holder is formed of strong steel
seamless tubing or strong lapweld boiler tubing, say four, six or eight inches in
diameter and two, four, six or eight feet long according to the space to be protected
and the position in that space to be occupied, the heads are cast of mild crucible steel
well annealed. At each end of the straight tube or body of the holder, is turned
at the time of cutting said tubes in length a groove or part of a circle to receive a
cord of asbestos packing, or it may be wound with cotton wicking well saturated
and mixed with alum and clay or fine ground soapstone till the end of said tube.
when inserted in the head will be tightly packed at the point of junction so as to
effectually prevent the escape of molten tin or other solder when the head is being
united to the tube. The tube and the heads should be thoroughly tinned inside
and as far as they overlap outside, and better, over the whole surface. The method
of soldering employed is by placing the holder in an upright position surrounded
by a thick iron ring as wide as the lap over the body of the tube; this ring should
be heated to slight redness and as soon as it has communicated heat sufficient to
maintain fluidity in the molten tin or solder, the space between the flange of the
head and the body of the tube should be poured full of the molten metal.
This.

page_text: will ensure a strong perfect joint in all cases when properly connected, and the lap
is equal to half the diameter of the tube or holder. The mode of construction of
the holder described above is applicable to all sizes and lengths to be used for
holding highly compressed gases, and may be massed conveniently in nests so as to
combine great strength with capacity for large buildings and ship's holds.
In many conditions such as elevator shafts, a continuous straight tube of but
three or four inches in diameter running from the base to the topmost portions of
the shaft will be sufficient for holding three hundred and thirty eight pounds of
compressed gas sufficient to vitiate thirty thousand cubic feet against combustion.
For the protection of railway carriages long slim holders would be placed beneath
and attached to the frame timbers with branches running up within the carriages
at suitable points where the governor and whistle should be attached. For ships
holds, tubes of three or four inches in diameter might be placed low down by the
keel, and as long as the ship, with frequent small branches where they are most
likely to be needed and where the governor should be placed to be reached by the
earliest important increase in temperature.
So in the application of ammoniacal gas, carbonic acid and other gases expanding
from under pressure for use in refrigerating purposes. The thermometric governor
and a suitable holder are absolutely essential features in the proper distribution of
gas in chambers or cases to be cooled, and at the same time ensure the saving of all
gas not necessary for producing the required temperature. Thus quietly and
automatically, will the apparatus described secure a perfect temperature whilst
any unexpanded gas remains in the holder, or till it is arbitrarily stopped when
its work is done.
The mode of construction of refrigerators for various purposes is of much
importance and the application of the instrument or governor on an enlarged
scale contemplates whole trains of cars or vans for carrying meat and other
perishable freights over greater or less distances; and to work economically, each
car or van should be provided with a series of pipes from end to end and each of
the series coupled as air breaks are now coupled, but so arranged that one on one
side of the car and underneath the frame timbers should extend in one line from
a force pump on the tender to the extreme rear of the train where by a bend it is
coupled to the nest of the series when it returns to the front car nearest the tender,
then by the same kind of bend or union it returns again to the rear to be coupled
and returned to the front and so on till a long condenser or cooler as well as holder
for a large quantity of compressed gas or air is obtained so that when once filled,
it may be made to act over and over again for many trips, and if the mechanisın
is fairly perfect the loss will be very slight and much may be gained in economy if
the fluid or gas used is led back to the pump from the refrigerating pipes and then
forced through the feed water for the boiler, increasing condensation and at the
same time giving back to the feed water nearly as much heat as is wasted in
pumping this with the travel of the gas or compressed air will cool it down for
continued use as in ice making machines. From the last of the series of holders
or condensing pipes, branches leading up to the boxes or cases and connected to
the cooling pipes through the thermometric governor completes the system for
action; so too in ships for carrying the same class of freight, the proper placing
of the thermometric governor ensures complete uniformity of temperature and a
complete saving of all gas not needed to ensure the chosen temperature. Another
important use for this instrument will be found in controlling the action of
carbonic acid gas in safes and vaults rendering them securely fire proof and if the
holding tubes or reservoir for the gas is properly built in the walls of such safes
and vaults making them securely burglar proof as well. The great advantages
arising from the use of the governor over any of the other methods that have
been attempted consists mainly in the thorough control over the flow of the
extinguishing fluid, as it allows the necessary, and only the necessary quantity to
enter the safe or vault while with fusible plugs when first released and the gas
under high tension, the rush is necessarily great or when the pressure is diminished
;

page_text: the flow may be much too small to restrain or extinguish the tendency to com-
bustion of the contents.
As a guard against fire alone, the placing of such a holder as first described with
the thermometric governor in any safe or vault is ample, if the holder has a
capacity equal to the length of time a fire may rage around it, or according to
the size of the case and tightness of the structure. The instrument or governor
may be used with equal certainty and effect in controlling hot water or steam
heaters for warming buildings, compartments and railway carriages; regulating
.the temperature as desired without sudden changes, so too may rooms, buildings
and carriages be cooled by placing refrigerating pipes where air drafts pass them,
thus ensuring a genial temperature. The gases before referred to are or may be
commercially produced in any convenient place so that no difficulty would be
experienced, in putting the invention into practical use. The great difference
in the expansibility of various liquids, requires care in the selection and also in
the proportion of the length or capacity of the reservoir of the thermometric
governor. For instance, mercury expands but one fifty fifth part of its bulk in
a change of 180° Fahrenheit, or one inch in fifty six inches, and would require a
reservoir (if a straight tube of the size of the piston were employed) thirteen feet
long to give a piston motion of three inches in the 180 degrees while good
petroleum oil of low gravity expands one in seventeen and would give a piston
movement of nearly ten inches, or instead of thirteen feet the straight tube need
be but four feet or its equivalent in diameter if shorter, and as the instrument
need never be set for a movement of more than eighty degrees, ample movement is
given by a straight tube of six feet when of the size of the piston, or if the piston
be one half inch, then if the reservoir is enlarged to one inch it need be but
eighteen inches long and if two inches in diameter five inches is ample length.
Petroleum oil with the lighter portion driven off by distillation is deemed very
suitable for the instrument in any of its applications, but alcohol and water,
glycerine and one fifth water of ammonia are also suitable.

page_text: Regulating and Governing the Flow of Liquids or Gases for
Fire Extinguishing, Cooling, and Refrigerating Purposes.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature
of this invention (a communication to me from abroad by Joseph Ellicott Holmes
of the City of Washington District of Columbia, United States of America) and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to secure a more extended system for extinguishing
fires, especially in the incipient stages (whether from spontaneous combustion,
accident, or of incendiary origin) that shall be applicable and available for im-
mediate use, thoroughly automatic in its action, and that can be applied to all
enclosed rooms, houses, out-buildings, and generally to places where fires are likely
to occur.
The invention being further applicable for cooling and refrigeration, such as the
preservation of meats and other perishable articles either stationary or in transit
by trains or in ships, as also to burial cases and to the cooling of rooms of dwellings
and hospitals.
These desirable ends are attained through the use of a thermometric governor
for regulating the flow of liquids and gases in combination with the various
applications of liquids and gases to the within described apparatus for extinguishing
fires and for cooling and refrigerating purposes; premising that those liquids and
gases best suited for either suppressing fire or for cooling or freezing are con-
templated, (such as water, carbonic acid gas, carbonic oxide or sulphurated
hydrogen, or anhydrous ammoniacal gas or air, all under high pressure).
I will now describe the said thermometric governor in detail and its arrangement
and combination with the appliances alluded to as essentials to the end to be
attained, reference being made to the accompanying drawings which form part of
this specification and in which―
Fig. 1 represents an upright partly sectional view of the thermometric governor
hereinafter called the governor.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-section of the instrument at x.
Fig. 3 represents a box in which a series of pipes or coils are placed through
which the liberated expanding gases escape, promoting refrigeration and also
showing the governor as attached as at Q to the inlet and expansion or escape
pipes.
Fig. 4 represents a reservoir or holder for compressed gas, with the governor
attached forming a light, portable fire extinguisher.
Fig. 5 is a plan and Fig. 6 an upright view of nest of seven holders in one
extinguisher for larger rooms and buildings.
Fig. 7 shows the apparatus as applied to the well of an elevator or lift.
Fig. 8 as applied to the various rooms of a house and
Fig. 9 as applied to a safe or vault for the safe keeping or storage of valuable
articles.

page_text: In Fig. 1, A, is a reservoir for holding mercury or other highly expansive liquids
under increasing temperature. It is shown as an enlargement of the neck or
piston chamber B, but is not material whether it is so enlarged or not as length
may be substituted for diameter, the object being to enclose a proper amount of
the expanding liquid to ensure a proper movement of the piston C when in action.
The neck or piston chamber B should be four or five inches long, about this length
being deemed most advantageous and allowing sufficient and free movement of the
piston in the chamber. The piston-rod D runs up to and is capped by the valve E,
said valve being rested in its seat F, where it is ground to a perfect fit. A stuffing
gland G, surrounds the piston rod to prevent the escaping fluid from too direct
action on the body of the instrument. An enlargement H of the chamber or neck B
facilitates the outflow of gas through the pipe K which is connected to it by the
coupling nut I. A coupling nut 12 connects the instrument or governor with the
pipe leading to the holder or reservoir of gas. The mercury or liquid M, serves to
actuate the governor while N represents a plug screw capable of being removed
when the chamber is to be filled. In Fig. 2 is shown an enlarged view of the
piston-rod at where it is provided with grooves on opposite sides for the escape
of gas when the valve is lifted from its seat. These grooves should be graduated,
beginning at the under side of the valve and gradually deepened and enlarged in
the first half inch till a passage is free for any required escape of gas, which in
case of fire needs be much more free than for refrigeration. The operation of this
instrument or governor is easily understood and may be fitted and adjusted to act
at any required degree of temperature. For instance if it is to be used as a fire
extinguisher, the piston is moved down in the neck B till the valve E is firmly in
its seat F, and it must be kept there by something placed over it and held to it by
the coupling nut I. The instrument is then immersed in water heated to, say 130
to 150 degrees Fahrenheit, the liquid M, it is desired to use being heated at the
same time a separate vessel until it is ascertained by a reliable thermometer that
both the instrument and the liquid are at the desired temperature, the instrument
is then turned bottom up, the screw N removed, and the chamber filled with the
liquid to the exclusion of all air and other substances, the screw is then quickly
replaced and the chamber reversed after which the binder on top of the valve may
be removed. The valve thus arranged will keep its seat till the surrounding
temperature is greater than that shown for the minimum degree selected, but the
moment when an excess above that selected, is felt, the piston and rod force the
valve from its seat and the gas escapes till all flame and combustion is extinct.
Thus the action is automatic when the given heat is reached. For purposes of
suppressing combustion, of course the gas for extinguishing is allowed to escape
into the room to be protected but not for refrigeration, where as it escapes through
the valve it is conducted into pipes as shown at P, Fig. 3 through which it circulates
till it reaches the outlet at T and is conveyed into the collecting reservoir U, or
conveyed by hose or other pipes to the open air. In both cases the moment the
temperature falls below the desired point, the valve closes owing to the vacuum
caused by the contraction of the liquid in the chamber A below the piston and by
the pressure of the gas on the valve. In showing the application of the governor
in Fig. 3, where R represents the holder, O, the box or case to be cooled and S, S,
the cocks or checks closing the holder when not in use, I represent what is as
convenient for all forms of boxes in the application of the governor for refrigeration
and examples need not be multiplied.
One of the simplest forms for a fire extinguisher, is a holder for the compressed
gas with the instrument or governor attached. Fig. 4 represents said holder and
instrument, the holder is formed of strong steel seamless tubing, or strong lapweld
boiler tubing, say four, six or eight inches in diameter, and two, four, six, or eight
feet long according to the space to be protected, and the position in that space
to be occupied. T, shows the interior of such holder, being an upright partly
sectional view, U a section of the metal of the straight portion of the holder, and
V the heads or rounded ends of said holder, a portion of said heads or ends being

page_text: extended so as to overlap the ends as at W, these heads are cast of mild crucible
steel well annealed. At each end of the straight tube or body of the holder W¹ is
turned at the time of cutting said tubes in length a groove or part of a circle to
receive a cord of asbestos packing, or it may be wound with cotton wicking well
saturated and mixed with alum and clay or fine ground soapstone till the end of
said tube when inserted in the head will be tightly packed at the point of junction
so as to effectually prevent the escape of molten tin or other solder when the head
is being united to the tube. The tube and the heads should be thoroughly tinned
inside, and as far as they overlap outside, and better over the whole surface. The
method of soldering preferably employed is by placing the holder in an upright
position surrounded by a thick iron ring as wide as the lap over the body of
the tube; this ring should be heated to slight redness and as soon
as it has
communicated heat sufficient to maintain fluidity in the molten tin or solder the
space between the flange of the head and the body of the tube should be poured
full of the molten metal as at W2. This will .insure a strong perfect joint in all
cases when properly connected and the lap is equal to half the diameter of the
tube or holder. The mode of construction of the holder described above is
applicable to all sizes and lengths to be used for holding highly compressed gases
and may be massed conveniently in nests as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, so as to
combine great strength with capacity for large buildings and ships's holds.
In
many conditions such as elevator shafts a continuous straight tube of but three or
four inches in diameter running from the base to the topmost portions of the shaft
will be sufficient for holding three hundred and thirtyeight pounds of compressed
gas sufficient to vitiate thirty thousand cubic feet against combustion. In Fig. 7
is shown a sectional elevation in perspective of an elevator well, with the apparatus
as arranged for extinguishing fire. a represents the holder, a¹ represents a pipe
entering the case of the elevator extending to the top of well, and from which
branches of the pipe are connected with the governing instrument as at a². I have
shown one of these instruments as at a³, as straight and one at a' as a bent tube
for holding the expansible. liquid. Thus arranged, fires cannot spread from story
to story, and one of the most active means of destruction by fire in tall buildings
will be overcome. For the protection of railway carriages long slim holders
would be placed beneath and attached to the frame timbers with branches running
up within the carriages at suitable points where the governor and whistle should
be attached. For ship's holds tubes of three or four inches in diameter might be
placed low down by the keel, and as long as the ship, with frequent small branches
where they are most likely to be needed, and where the governor should be placed
to be reached by the earliest important increase in temperature.
Fig. 8 shows the application of the governor to pipes terminating in rooms or
compartments of houses in which E¹ are pipes leading from reservoir or holder in
the basement or cellar and radiating out to the different compartments to be
protected. A¹ represents the governor attached for use. The instrument or
governor may be so finished and so placed as to be an ornament, and in all
suitable places a whistle may be placed in the current of the discharge pipe, so
as to warn all in hearing distance, and indicate the location of the fire.. This
form or arrangement is also applicable to the compartments in ships' holds. The
method of attachment and results to be attained in all these positions and
conditions are so clear, that further details may not be necessary, as the automatic
action of the thermometric governor combines to produce a perfect system.
So in the application of ammoniacal gas, carbonic acid and other gases expanding
from under pressure for use in refrigerating purposes. The thermometric governor
and a suitable holder are absolutely essential features in the proper distribution of
gas in chambers or cases to be cooled, and at the same time insuring the saving of
all gas not necessary for producing the required. temperature. Thus quietly and
automatically. will the apparatus described secure a perfect temperature whilst any
unexpanded gas remains in the holder, or.till it is arbitrarily stopped when its
work is done.

page_text: The mode of construction of refrigerators for various purposes is of much
importance and the application of the instrument or governor on an enlarged scale
contemplates whole trains of cars or vans for carrying meat and other perishable
freights over greater or less distances, and to work economically, each car or van
should be provided with a series of pipes from end to end and each of the series
coupled, as air breaks are now coupled, but so arranged that one on one side of the
car and underneath the frame timbers should extend in one line from a force pump
on the tender to the extreme rear of the train where by a bend it is coupled to the
nest of the series when it returns to the front car nearest the tender, then by the
same kind of bend or union it returns again to the rear to be coupled and returned
to the front, and so on till a long condenser or cooler as well as holder for a large
quantity of compressed gas or air is obtained so that when once filled it may be
made to act over and over for many trips, and if the mechanism is fairly perfect
the loss will be very slight, and much may be gained in economy if the fluid or gas
used is led back to the pump from the refrigerating pipes and then forced through
the feed water for the boiler, increasing condensation and at the same time giving
back to the feed water nearly as much heat as is wasted in pumping; this, with
the travel of the gas or compressed air will cool it down for continued use as in
ice making machines. From the last of the series of holders or condensing pipes
branches leading up into the boxes or cases and connected to the cooling pipes
through the thermometric governor completes the system for action, so too in ships
for carrying the same class of freight the proper placing of the thermometric
governor insures complete uniformity of temperature and a complete saving of all
gas not needed to insure the chosen temperature. Another important use for this
instrument will be found in controlling the action of carbonic acid gas in safes and
vaults rendering them securely fire proof and if the holding tubes or reservoir for
the gas is properly built in the walls of such safes and vaults making them securely
burglar proof as well.
The great advantages arising from the use of the governor over any of the other
methods that have been attempted consists mainly in the thorough control over the
flow of the extinguishing fluid, as it allows the necessary and only the necessary
quantity to enter the safe or vault while with fusible plugs when first released
and the gas under high tension the rush is necessarily great, or when the pressure
is diminished the flow may be much too small to restrain or extinguish the
tendency to combustion of the contents.
Fig. 9 represents a sectional elevation of a safe or vault for the safe keeping and
storage of articles of value. For the purpose of protecting such a safe or vault the
holder or reservoir for the compressed gas is built in the walls of the safe such
holder being composed of pipes or tubes of the proper strength, and say 1 to
1 inch in inside diameter and bent at the corners so as to form a continuous coil
or nest of pipes, filling nearly the whole space between the outer and inner plates
forming the shell of the safe. Such a reservoir will contain gas enough.to vitiate
nearly 28,000 cubic feet of space and can be arranged in a safe to stand against a
hot fire for several days.
In the figure, H shows portions of whole pipes and sections of others broken
for view. The instrument is shown as inside the safe as at A¹, but for this purpose
an extension of the reservoir of the expansive liquid should be carried back into
the walls of the safe nearer the external heat, so as to be acted upon in the early
stage of the fire. Burglars by tapping a portion of the gas reservoir while under
high pressure would be compelled to leave or they would be overcome by the gas.
As a guard against fire alone the placing such holder as first described with the
thermometric governor in any safe or vault, is ample if the holder has capacity
equal the length of time a fire may rage around it or according to the size of the
case and tightness of the structure. The instrument or governor may be used
with equal certainty and effect in controlling hot water or steam heaters for
warming buildings, compartments and railway carriages, regulating the temperature
as desired without sudden changes, so too, may rooms, buildings and carriages be

page_text: cooled by placing refrigerating pipes where air drafts pass them thus insuring a
genial temperature. The gases before referred to are or may be commercially
produced in any convenient place so that no difficulty would be experienced in
putting my invention into practical use.
The great difference in the expansibility of various liquids, requires care in the
selection, and also in the proportion of the length or capacity of the reservoir of
the thermometric governor. For instance, mercury expands but one fifty fifth part
of its bulk in a change of 180° degrees Fahrenheit or one inch in fifty six inches,
and would require a reservoir (if a straight tube of the size of the piston were
employed) thirteen feet long to give a piston motion of three inches in the 180°
degrees, while good petroleum oil of low gravity expands one in seventeen and
would give a piston movement of nearly ten inches, or instead of thirteen feet the
straight tube need be but four feet or its equivalent in diameter if shorter, and as
the instrument need never be set for a movement of more than eighty degrees,
ample movement is given by a straight tube of six feet when of the size of the
piston or if the piston be one half inch then if the reservoir is enlarged to one inch
it need be but eighteen inches long, and if two inches in diameter five inches is
aimple length. Petroleum oil with the lighter portion driven off by distillation is
deemed very suitable for the instrument in any of its applications, but alcohol and
water, glycerine and one-fifth water of ammonia are also suitable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is-
1st An instrument adapted to be acted upon by changes of surrounding
temperatures in such a manner as to operate automatically a valve for the
regulation of the flow or discharge of expanding gases and liquids under pressure
in the manner and for the purposes specified.
2nd In apparatus adapted to be acted upon by changes of surrounding
temperature a piston chamber B, in combination with the chamber C, the piston
rod D, the valve E, valve-seat F, inlet-pipe L, outlet-pipe K with any suitable
holder or reservoir as at A, all for the purpose above described and in manner
specified and set forth.
3rd The combination of the said thermometric governor with the variously
described apparatus herein set forth in the manner and for the purposes indicated.
4th The improved construction of holders for compressed gases and fluids, said
holders being provided with the grooved ends on the main tube substantially as
described and as illustrated in Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawings.