IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS FOR THE SAME.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles James Appleby and Cornelius Cornes,
both of No. 8, Emerson Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR MOTIVE-POWER
ENGINES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS
FOR THE SAME.
""
Sealed the 25th September 1874, and dated the 14th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles James Appleby
and Cornelius Cornes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th April 1874.
of
We, CHARLES JAMES APPLEBY and CORNELIUS CORNES, both,
No. 8, Emerson Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS
FOR MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS AND
WATER HEATERS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
One part of this Invention relates to a form of water tube and stay
combined, to be used in locomotive, portable, marine, vertical, or other

page_text: shaped boilers and water heaters, and the other part relates to a new
kind of governor to act directly on to the main slide or expansion slide
of a steam engine.
The water tube when used in locomotive shaped boilers will be placed
across the internal fire-box, either at right angles to the ordinary smoke
tubes or in any other convenient position, and where they are placed
they will perform the duty of the ordinary stays between the inner and
outer casing, or the water tubes may be placed between the ordinary
stays. Holes may be made in the outer casing slightly larger than the
size of the tubes used in order if desired to admit of withdrawing and
retubing without cutting out the fire-box, and to allow the tubo to be
thoroughly cleaned from any deposit by passing a spring scraper right
through from side to side; the outer walls of fire-box are stayed where
the tubes are inserted by a bar passing centrally through the tube, or a
light tube may be used in preference to the solid bar with holes at each
end, one hole drilled on the under side and the other on the top side for
the purpose
of inducing a more rapid circulation. These stays are fitted
at each end with nuts made of brass or some soft metal; these nuts
have solid ends and conical flanges which impinge on the sharp corner
of the hole drilled opposite the end of the tube; this forms a steam-tight
joint and can be readily removed and replaced after cleaning and
without the use of any cement.
"
The tubes and stays may also be similarly introduced into vertical
boilers having either circular or square shells, and also into water
heaters. It will be seen that the object of this part of the Invention is
to obtain water tubes in a part of the boiler where the highest evaporative
value can be obtained; and to place them at right angles to the line of
travel of the flame and gases, to have such tubes totally submerged, and
at the same time to afford a ready means of cleaning or repairing without
the necessity of cutting apart the boiler, and to stay the outer walls or
casing of the boiler through the centre of the tube, and secure a steam-
tight joint at the end of the stays without the use of cement.
In order to control the speed of motive-power engines we provide a
simple and efficient governor for controlling the position of the expansion
slide eccentric relatively to the main slide eccentric upon the engine shaft.
The governor is composed of two governor balls carried by limbs which,

page_text: have their fulcrum at the ends of arms projecting from opposite sides of
the crank shaft. To the limbs which carry the governor balls are also
jointed curved links which connect them to the expansion eccentric,
which is capable of being turned around the shaft whilst the main slide
cccentric is fast upon it, or the governor may act upon the main slide
eccentric. Around the main shaft is also a coiled spring fixed at one
end to a collar on the shaft, whilst at its opposite end it is connected to
the expansion slide eccentric.
-
The action of the governor is as follows: When the engine is
revolving at its normal speed the centrifugal force of the two governor
balls is counterbalanced by the action of the coiled spring on the crank
shaft, when however the equilibrium of forces is destroyed by an
accelerated speed of the engine the balls expand, and through the limbs
and curved links attached to them alter the relative position of the main
and expansion eccentric sheaves to each other, and so causes an earlier
cut off of steam or other motive fluids in the cylinder, or when the balls
are fully expanded the steam or other fluids will be entirely cut off from
the cylinder until the speed is reduced, and the coil spring again over-
comes the centrifugal force of the balls and thic eccentric returns to its
normal position.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles James Appleby and Cornelius Cornes in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, CHARLES
JAMES APPLEBY and CORNELIUS CORNES, both of No. 8, Emerson Street,
Southwark, in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-seventh:
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Charles James Appleby and Cornclius:
Cornes, Her special license that we, the said Charles James Appleby.
and Cornelius Cornes, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such

page_text: others as we, the said Charles James Appleby and Cornelius Cornes, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GOVERNORS FOR MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM
BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS FOR THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Charles James Appleby and Cornelius Cornes,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal, of one of us or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles James Appleby, on behalf of
myself and the said Cornelius Cornes, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thercof, that is to say :—
One part of this Invention relates to a form of water tube and stay
combined to be used in locomotive, portable, marine, vertical, or other
shaped boilers and water heaters, and the other part relates to a new
kind of governor to act directly on to the expansion slide of a steam
engine.
The water tube when used in locomotive shaped boilers will be placed
across the internal fire-box, either at right angles to the ordinary smoke
tubes or in any other convenient position, and where they are placed
they will perform the duty of the ordinary stays between the inner and
outer casing, or the water tubes may be placed between the ordinary
stays. Holes may be made in the outer casing slightly larger than the
size of the tubes used in order if desired to admit of withdrawing and
retubing without cutting out the fire-box, and to allow the tube to be
thoroughly cleaned from any deposit by passing a spring scraper right
through from side to side. The outer walls of the fire-box are stayed

page_text: where the tubes are inserted by a bar passing centrally through the tube;
or a light tube may be used in preference to the solid bar with holes at
cach end, one hole drilled on the under side and the other on the top
side for the purpose of inducing a more rapid circulation.
These stays
are fitted at each end with nuts made of brass or some soft metal; these
nuts have solid ends and conical flanges which impinge on the sharp
corner of the hole drilled opposite the end of the tube; this forms a
steam-tight joint and can be readily removed and replaced after cleaning.
and without the use of any cement.
:
The tubes and stays may also be similarly introduced into vertical
boilers having either circular or square shells, and also into water
heaters. It will be seen that the object of this part of the Invention is
to obtain water tubes in a part of the boiler where the highest evaporative
value can be obtained, and to place them at right angles to the line of
travel of the flame and gases, to have such tubes totally submerged, and
at the same time to afford a ready means of cleaning or repairing without
the necessity of cutting apart the boiler, and to stay the outer walls or
casing of the boiler through the centre of the tube, and secure a steam-
tight joint at the end of the stays without the use of cement.
In order to control the speed of motive-power engines wo provide a
simple and efficient governor for controlling the position of the expansion
slide eccentric relatively to the main slide eccentric upon the engino
shaft. The governor is composed of two governor balls carried by limbs
which have their fulcrum at the ends of arms projecting from opposite
sides of the crank shaft. To the limbs which carry the governor balls
are also jointed curved links which connect them to the expansion
eccentric which is capable of being turned around the shaft, whilst the
main slide eccentric is fast upon it. Around the main shaft is also a
coiled spring fixed at one end to a collar in the shaft, whilst at the
opposite end it is connected to the expansion slide eccentric.
The action, of the governor is as follows:- -When the engine is
revolving at its normal speed the centrifugal force of the two governor
balls is counterbalanced by the action of the coiled spring on the crank
shaft; when however the equilibrium of forces is destroyed by an
accelerated speed of the engine the balls expand, and through the limbs
and curved links attached to them alter the relative position of the main
.
י

page_text: and expansion eccentric sheaves to each other, and so causes an earlier
cut off of steam or other motive fluids in the cylinder, or when the balls
are fully expanded the steam or other fluids will be entirely cut off from
the cylinder until the speed is reduced, and the coil spring again
overcomes the centrifugal force of the balls and the eccentric returns to
its normal position.

page_text: Figures 8 and 9 are detail views drawn full size; Figure 10 is a sido
elevation, and Figure 11, an end elevation of a governor constructed
according to our Invention. a is the engine shaft; b, the main eccentric
fixed upon it; c, the eccentric which actuates the expansion slide; it is
able to turn upon the shaft under the control of the governor weights d, d'.
The limbs e, e', which carry the weights have fulcrums at a*, a*, on
arms attached to the shaft a; f and f¹ are curved links connecting the
limbs e, e¹, with the eccentric c; g is a spiral spring attached at one end
to the ring / which is clipped upon the shaft and at the other end to the
eccentric c. This spring tends to close the weights in towards the
position indicated by the black lines in Figure 11. As the shaft revolves
the balls recede more or less from the shaft towards the position
indicated by the colored lines overpowering the spring 9, and turning
the eccentric around the shaft so that it cuts off earlier than before.
In some cases in place of mounting the governor weights on levers
turning about contres carried by the shaft, wo mount them so as to be
able to slide radially to and from the shaft on guide arms fixed upon the
shaft. Springs are applied pressing the weights inwards, and these
springs are overcome more or less by centrifugal force when the engine
is running. The weights are connected as shewn in Figures 10 and 11,
by curved links with the eccentric which works the expansion slido, tho
main eccentric being fixed on the shaft. Figure 12 is a front elevation,
and Figure 13, a side elevation both partly in section of a governor of
this construction; Figure 14 shows one of the weights. a is the shaft;
b, b, radial arms secured to the shaft; c, c, are the governor weights
capable of sliding on the arms b; d, d, coiled springs pressing the
weights inwards; e is the eccentric of the expansion valve, it is able to
turn on the shaft; and f, f, are links connecting the weights c, c, with
the eccentric e.
What we claim is the arrangement of water tubes and stays combined,
the stay passing through the tube and through the outer wall of the
water space, the hole therein being closed by a plug held in its place by
the stay, substantially as described.
We also claim the arrangement of governors for motive-power engines,
the governor balls and eccentric being carried on the same shaft, and
Alhalla
al to and manda

page_text: from the shaft the eccentric which actuates the expansion valve is
turned partly round upon the shaft, substantially as described.
"
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles James Appleby, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.