IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REVIVIFYING THE MATERIALS OR AGENTS EMPLOYED FOR PURIFYING GAs PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German
Empire, and of. Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR REVIVIFYING THE MATERIALS OR AGENTS EMPLOYED FOR PURIFYING GAs
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Körting at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1874.
I, ERNST KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of
5 Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR REVIVIFYING THE MATERIALS OR AGENTS EMPLOYED FOR PURIFYING
GAS USED FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING Purposes," to be as follows:—

page_text: restored thereto after it has been used in order that it may be utilized
again as a purifying material.
The agent or material ordinarily employed for gas purifying purposes
is oxyde of iron, which, when the gas to be purified is passed through it,
combines with the sulphur contained in the gas and forms sulphuret
of iron; and when, after a time, the mass becomes overcharged with
sulphur it is necessary to revivify it or restore it by bringing it into
contact with atmospheric air, the oxygen of which decomposes the
sulphuret of iron into sulphuric acid, sulphur, and oxide of iron, and the
oxide thus restored is again ready for use for gas purifying purposes.
Now the means heretofore employed for bringing the sulphuret of iron
into contact with the atmospheric air for the above object have been
to empty the purifiers and to spread the material therefrom over an
extended surface, and thus expose it to the air; but the operation of
emptying and refilling the purifiers involves considerable time, labour,
and space. Whereas according to my Invention I effect the necessary
revivification of the material in the purifiers themselves, that is to say,
without removing it therefrom, whereby time, labour, and space are
saved. For this purpose, whether oxide of iron or other purifying
material is used, I employ a blower or steam jet apparatus, having a
nozzle to which steam is admitted, and whence it issues, so that it
blows through one or more mixing nozzles of gradually increasing
areas, that is to say, the sectional area of each nozzle is greater than
that of the nozzle immediately preceding it. Into these.nozzles the
steam draws air from an air inlet forming part of the apparatus, and the
steam mixing with the air imparts velocity to it. The air being thus
mixed with and moistened by the steam is led into the gas purifier
either below or above the grids or grates which support the purifying
agent.
The quantity of steam contained in the air is regulated according to
the condition of the purifying materials. This can, for instance, be
readily accomplished by providing the air inlet (or the pipe connecting
the blower and air with the purifier) with a tap, stop-cock, or other
contrivance for controlling the sectional area of the air inlet. The
inflow of steam being uniform, the regulation of the air inlet or ad-
mixture will regulate the amount of moisture imparted to the blast or

page_text: current, thus preventing the heating of the mixture or agent during the
revivifying process, which occurs when ordinary dry air has been forced
by a fan or bellows into the purifiers, as heretofore, for revivifying the
agent therein.
agent therein.
The Invention may be adapted in similar manner to other agents
ordinarily used for the purifying of gas, as well as to oxyde of
iron.
The Invention may be adapted in similar manner to other agents
ordinarily used for the purifying of gas, as well as to oxyde of
iron.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ernst Körting in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNST
KORTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, tlie said Ernst Körting, Her special license
that I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REVIVIFYING THE MATERIALS OR AGENTS
EMPLOYED FOR PURIFYING GAS USED FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ernst Körting,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
•

page_text: Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernst Körting, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say :-
The object of this Invention is the revivification of the agent used
in purifying gas, so that the purifying qualities of such agent may be 1
restored thereto after it has been used in order that it may be utilized
again as a purifying material.
The agent or material ordinarily employed for gas purifying purposes
is oxide of iron, which, when the gas to be purified is passed through
it combines with the sulphur contained in the gas and forms sulphuret 1
of iron; and when after a time the mass becomes overcharged or
saturated with sulphur it is necessary to revivify it or restore it by
bringing it into contact with atmospheric air, the oxygen of which
decomposes the sulphuret of iron into sulphuric acid, sulphur, and oxide
of iron, and the oxide thus restored is again ready for use for gas 2
purifying purposes.
Now the means heretofore employed for bringing the sulphuret of iron
into contact with the atmospheric air for the above object have been to
empty the purifyers and to spread the material therefrom over an extended
surface, and thus expose them to the air; but the operation of emptying 2
and refilling the purifiers involves considerable time, labour, and space.
Whereas according to my Invention I effect the necessary revivification
of the material in the purifiers themselves, that is to say, without
removing it therefrom, whereby time, labour, and spaco are saved.
For this purpose, whether oxide of iron or other purifying material is 3
used, I employ a blower or steam jet apparatus having a nozzle, to which
steam is admitted and whence it issues, so that it blows through one
or more mixing nozzles of gradually increasing areas, that is to say,
the sectional area of each nozzle is greater than that of the nozzle
immediately preceding it. Into these nozzles the steam draws air from 3
an air inlet forming part of the apparatus, and the steam mixing with

page_text: the air imparts velocity to it. The air being thus mixed with and
moistened by the steam is led into the gas purifier either below or above
the grids or grates which support the purifying agent.
The quantity of steam contained in the air is regulated according to
the condition of the purifying materials. This can, for instance, be readily
accomplished by providing the air inlet (or the pipe connecting the
blower and air with the purifier) with a tap, stop-cock, or other con-
trivance for controlling the sectional area of the air inlet. The inflow
of steam being uniform the regulation of the air inlet or admixture will
regulate the amount of moisture imparted to the blast or current, thus
preventing the heating of the mixture or agent during the revivifying
process, which occurs when ordinary dry air has been forced by a fan or
bellows into the purifiers, as heretofore, for revivifying the agent
therein.
The Invention may be adapted in similar manner to other agents
ordinarily used for the purifying of gas, as well as to oxide of iron.
Instead of air other permanent gases may be used in like manner.
The accompanying Drawings represent the mode in which the Inven-
tion may be carried into practical effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a blower apparatus
constructed according to this Invention:
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the air inlet.
a is the actuating steam nozzle; b, b², 63, are mixing nozzles, in which
the air or revivifying gas is combined with the driving steam jet. The
jet discharged from each one nozzle always serves as the driving jet in
the next following nozzle. These nozzles are fitted in an exactly central
position. Their number may be varied according to circumstances, and
according to the general size of the apparatus. As the air drawn in
comes into contact with the driving jet only in slender annular currents,
streams, or jets, all whirling, recoil, and undue disturbance of the air are
avoided, which is very advantageous, as such disturbances would con-
siderably reduce the econonical effect of the steam jet; c is a diverging
tube (the employment of this tube however is not essential); it serves
to effect a gradual reduction of the velocity of the air forced along, and
converts such velocity into pressure, and thereby increases the effect

page_text: materially; d is the inlet channel of the air. Through this inlet the
revivifying air or gas is brought into communication with the driving
jet. Instead of one inlet there may be more than one, and different
gases may be drawn in through them at the same time and mixed with
each other in the apparatus before they leave it through the pipe c; e is t
a cover or lid closely fitting against the flange of the inlet d when
pressed down by a set screw f. This set screw f is untightened or
loosened to turn the cover round on the bolt g to clear the inlet. The
sectional area of opening of this inlet is made adjustable by the cover e,
the same being fixed in any required position by the screw f. In this 1
simple and effective manner the proportion of steam and air may be
varied to any extent, and according to circumstances the lid or cover e,
and the adjustment of the air inlet d, may be arranged as desired.
Figure 3 illustrates an arrangement in which a steam jet blower is
combined with a purifier, as usual in gas works; K is the purifier; h, the 1
steam pipe; i, the steam cock or valve; l, a prolongation of the
diverging tube, leading the forced in air under the grids or grating of
the purifier. The other letters of reference indicate similar parts. to
those shown by the same letters in Figure 1.
When the blower has to work for revivifying purposes the corre-
sponding purifier has to be thrown out of work; the cover must be lifted
if no other exit of air is provided, and then the lid e is opened to such
extent as to secure the entry. of air having the required. amount of
moisture, and the steam cock is opened and air blown in through the
purifying material until the material is fully revivified. The steam 2
cock is then shut, the lid e is shut and tightened by the set screw f
and the purifier is then ready for use again for its regular purifying
work.
Instead of blowing the air through the bottom of the apparatus it may
be introduced from the top, and a suitable exit of air at the bottom of 3

page_text: Second. The construction, arrangement, and application of steam jet
revivifying blowers provided with one or more adjustable inlets, sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernst Körting, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of April, in the year One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
JAMES JONES MELDRUM.
E: KÖRTING. (L.S.)