IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAINING OR COATING BAR OR AMITED MARPDIAT
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Campbell, Paper Stainer, of Newton
Heath, near Manchester, and Henry Coffey, General Merchant, of the
City of Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAINING OR COATING
BAR OR AMITED MARPDIAT
"
Sealed the 29th January 1867, and dated the 3rd August 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Campbell and
Henry Coffey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd August 1866.
We, THOMAS CAMPBELL, Paper Stainer, of Newton Heath, near Man-
chester, and HENRY COFFEY, General Merchant, of the City of Manchester,
both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAINING OR
COATING THE SURFACES OF PAPER WITH COLOR OR OTHER MATERIAL," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements relate to machinery arrangements or apparatus for
staining or coating the surfaces of endless paper or paper in the piece with
color or other materials, and consists in an improved combination and
arrangement of machinery or apparatus for this purpose. The paper to be

page_text: operated upon is placed on a roller, the rotation of which is sufficiently
retarded when drawing off the paper by a friction band passing over a pulley
at one end of the roller, the band being attached to a lever having an
adjustable weight to vary the amount of friction; from the roll the paper
passes over a shaft or bar, which is nearly close to a roller covered with
elastic material, the paper passing under the latter roller and then over a
table, the surface of which is formed by an endless blanket, and from thence
it passes over a drying chest and then back under this chest to a roller upon
which the paper is wound up, this roller being driven directly, or it is rotated
by being pressed in contact with one or two rollers, the peripheries of which
are roughened or fluted so as to draw forward the paper at a uniform speed.
The color or material (in a liquid or plastic state) to be applied to the paper
is placed in a trough in which a roller has bearings, this roller being partly
immersed in the material, and its upper surface is pressed against the paper
passing over the roller covered with elastic material before mentioned by
means of adjusting screws, and as the paper advances the trough roller
supplies it with material by rotating in contact with it. Upon the upper.
surface of the paper and pressing the paper upon the endless blanket another
roller is arranged, which serves to distribute the color or material applied by
the trough roller, and still more evenly to spread the color or material a
series of one or more brushes are used, we prefer four; these brushes are
flat, and are each mounted upon an axis perpendicular to the plane of the
brush, each brush being adjustible upon its axis to the surface of the paper
by a screw and lock nut, and each axis is mounted in a frame in which it
has bearings and in which it can rotate, and this frame is also upon an axis
perpendicular to the plane of the endless blanket; the brush frame can thus
be rotated so as to carry the brushes round with it, the brushes themselves
being rotated upon their own axes at the same time in the contrary direction
to that in which the rotating frame is turned. Each brush has a pulley
upon its axis, and one end of a strap or band is secured to one side of the
framing of the machine, and it is then passed over all the pulleys, and the
other end is secured to the other side of the framing, so that as the brush
frame is rotated this stationary band will give rotating motion to each brush
upon its axis at the same time, or in place of the band being secured to the
framing at each end an endless belt or band may be passed round the pulleys,
and this band or belt may be prevented from rotating with the brush frame
by being attached to the framing of the machine; further, to spread the
color or other matter a cylindrical brush is employed, which rests in contact
with and extends across the paper operated upon, and this cylindrical brush

page_text: is driven by a band or other means in connection, with the other moving parts
of the machine. When the paper is wound up by contact with the surfaces
of one or two cylinders or rollers, then these rollers and the rollers for the
endless blanket may be geered together to take a portion of the tension off
the paper operated upon. The chest over which the paper passes is heated
by a stove surrounded by a casing into which air is admitted, this air being
thus heated by contact with the stove and stove pipe, and then ascends and
passes through the chest herein-before referred to.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Campbell and Henry Coffey in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 31st January 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
CAMPBELL, Paper Stainer, of Newton Heath, near Manchester, and HENRY
COFFEY, General Merchant, of the City of Manchester, both in the County of
Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Thomas Campbell and Henry Coffey, Her special license that we, the said
Thomas Campbell and Henry Coffey, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Campbell and Henry Coffey,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR STAINING OR COATING THE SURFACES OF PAPER WITH COLOR OR
OTHER MATERIAL," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas
Campbell and Henry Coffey, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Campbell and Henry

page_text: Coffey, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying. Drawings,
that is to say:-
Our improvements relate to machinery arrangements or apparatus for
staining and coating the surfaces of endless paper or paper in the piece with
color or other materials, and consists in an improved combination and
arrangement of machinery or apparatus for this purpose, which is illustrated
by Fig. 1, a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2, a plan diagram, and by Figs. 3
and 4, detached sections of alternative modifications.
The paper (x) to be operated upon is placed upon a roller (a), having
bearings in the framing (A), and the rotation of the roller is sufficiently
retarded when the paper is being drawn off by a friction band, one end of
which is secured to the framing, and after passing over a pulley upon the
end of the roller (a) the other end is secured to a lever (a¹) having its
fulcrum upon a stud in the framing, and this lever has an adjustable weight
(a) upon it to vary the amount of friction. Both ends of the friction band
may be secured to the lever as shown.
From the roller (a) the paper (x)
passes over a roller (a³) under another roller or bar (6), and then on to an
endless blanket (see Fig. 1), or the paper after passing over a roller or bar
(a) then passes under a roller (b) covered with elastic material, and then
to the endless blanket (c), as shown in Fig. 3. The endless blanket is
carried upon two rollers (c¹), and its upper surface is supported by a a table
(A¹). The paper (*) passes over the blanket (c) and then over a drying
chest (d), and then returns back over a series of conducting rollers (e, e¹,
and e), and over a bar (e³) under a friction roller (e), and then on to a
roller(), upon which it is wound into a roll. The friction roller (e) is to
give tension for the winding up, so as to leave the paper passing over the
drying chest as free from tension as possible. The roller is retarded by a
friction band and lever (9) with an adjustable weight (g), as shown. The
roller (e) upon which the paper is wound is driven by an endless band, the
tension of which is so arranged that it will slip when the roll is held back
by the brake (9). The roller (f) is weighted by a roller (h) working in
vertical guides, as shown.
Fig. 4 shows another arrangement for winding up the paper, and by which
the paper is wound at a uniform speed, which consists of two rollers (k)
geered together by an intermediate wheel, the roller (f) upon which the
paper is wound resting in guides upon the driving rollers (k), which may
be fluted or covered with rough material to give adhesion, and if required

page_text: the roller (f) may have weights suspended upon its overhanging pivots to
press it upon the driving rollers (k) to give greater adhesion and more
compactness to the roll. The arrangement last described may be driven by
positive gearing from the mechanism driving the endless blanket. The color
or material in a liquid or plactic state to be applied to the paper is placed in
a trough (1), in which a roller (1) bas bearings, this roller being partly
immersed in the material, and it is pressed against the surface of an endless
blanket or sieve (m), which passes over two metal rollers (m³ and m²) and
one wood roller (m³), as shewn in Fig. 1. The rollers (m¹ and m²) have
bearings in brackets (1) secured to the trough (1), and the roller (m¹) can
slide vertically in its bearings in the brackets, so as to be adjustable to and
from the color roller (7). The trough (1) and parts carried by it are adjust-
able horizontally by screws (³), and the trough and connected parts are
also adjustable vertically by screws (1), so that the tension upon the endless
sieve (m) may be regulated. A "doctor" or thin blade of metal (n) is
employed to remove the superfluous color or material from the endless sieve;
this doctor is mounted upon horizontal adjusting screws carried by a bracket at
each end of the trough, as shown. The paper passes under a metal roller (6),
which has its bearings adjustable horizontally by screws (6') so as to press
the paper more or less against the endless sieve (m) as may be required;
the endless sieve is driven by the roller (m³), which gears toothed wheels
with the roller (c) which drives the endless blanket (c).
Fig. 1 shows the mode of applying the color or material which we prefer
to use; but Fig. 3 (a detached view) shows another arrangement which'
may be used for the purpose. is the color trough; ', the roller partly
immersed in the color, this roller having bearings upon the trough (7). The
trough is arranged in vertical slides, so that the color roller (1) carried by
it can be adjusted by screws (?) and pressed against the roller (6), round
which the paper passes, this latter roller being covered with elastic material.
The roller (6) is geared with the roller (c), and the roller ("") is driven by
contact with the roller (6), and is thus supplied with color or material.
Upon the surface of the paper and pressing the paper upon the endless
blanket another roller (p) is arranged free vertically in bearings upon the
framing, and this roller serves to distribute the color or material applied by
the sieve or trough roller; but to spread the color or material still more
evenly, a series of one or more brushes are used. We prefer to use four
brushes (g) which are flat, and are each mounted upon a shaft or axis (9')
perpendicular to the plane of the brush, each brush being adjustable upon
its axis to the surface of the paper by a screw and lock nut (as shown), and

page_text: each shaft or axis is mounted in a frame (92) in which it has bearings, and
this frame is also mounted upon a shaft or axis (9) having bearings on the
framing, the shaft being perpendicular to the plane of the endless blanket ;
the brush frame (93) can thus be rotated so as to carry the brushes (9)
round with it, the brushes themselves being rotated upon their own axis at
the same time in the contrary direction to that in which the rotating frame is
turned. Each brush shaft has a pulley (9) upon it, and one end of a strap
or band (95) is secured to one side of the framing of the machine, and it is
then passed over all the pulleys, and the other end is secured to the other
side of the framing (see Figs. 1 and 2), so that as the brush frame is rotated
this stationary band will give rotating motion to each brush upon its axis at
the same time; or in place of the band being secured to the framing at each
end an endless belt or band may be passed round the pulleys, and this band or
belt may be prevented from rotating with the brush frame by being attached
to the framing of the machine. Further to spread the color or other matter
a cylindrical brush (t), having suitable bearings upon the framing is
employed, which rests in contact with and extends across the paper to be
operated upon. This cylindrical brush is driven by a belt, band, or other
means from the first motion shaft (u), which by belts or bands also drives
the endless blanket (c), the belt passing over guide pulleys (9), the rotating
frame (9), and the apparatus for winding up the paper which has been
operated upon, as illustrated in Fig. 1.
In working our Invention we prefer to have the machine part partitioned
off from the drying part, or the drying room separate from the machine room,
the paper passing to and from the drying room through suitable slits or spaces
in the partition or floor. The chest (d) over which the paper passes is made
of thin metal, it may be forty feet or more in length, longer it is (the
temperature remaining the same) and greater the speed may be; it is heated
by an ordinary stove surrounded by a casing into which air is admitted at or
near the stove, this air being thus heated by contact with the stove and stove
pipe (d), and it then ascends and passes through the aforesaid chest and
escapes into the drying room when it arrives at the end of the chest."
The stove may be arranged below the floor or in a room below the drying
room.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, and claim as our Invention,-
Firstly, the general arrangement and combination of mechanism or appa-
ratus for staining or coating paper, as herein-before described and illustrated
by the Drawings.

page_text: Secondly, the drying of paper by a stove and hot-air chest when operated
upon by machinery for coating it with color or material, substantially as
herein-before described.
Thirdly, the winding up of the paper operated upon by frictional adhesion
at a uniform speed by mechanism consisting of one or two rollers, substan-
tially as herein-before described and shown by Fig. 4 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Campbell and Henry Coffey,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirtieth day of
January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-seven.
THO. CAMPBELL. (L.s.)
HENRY COFFEY. (L.B.)