IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEAVES OR PULLIES FOR HOISTING AND HAULING TACKLE
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
SHEAVES OR PULLIES FOR HOISTING AND HAULING TACKLE."-A com-
munication from abroad by Eugène Damien and Joseph Kister,
both of Paris, in the Empire of France.
Scaled the 11th May 1869, and dated the 22nd December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd December 1868.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SHEAVES OR PULLIES FOR HOISTING
FOR HOISTING AND HAULING TACKLE," a
communication to me from abroad by Eugène Damien and Joseph
Kister, both of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture by the aid of spiral
machinery of metal covered sheaves or pullies for blocks and other

page_text: hoisting and hauling tackle, whereby such sheaves or pullies can be
more expeditiously and economically produced than by the ordinary
hand process at present adopted.
The operations to be accomplished in carrying out this Invention are,
first, the application to the grooved periphery of a wooden sheave or
pulley of a sheet metal covering or casing of an uniform thickness
throughout; second, the insertion of a metallic boss into the centre of
the pulley, both of which operations it is proposed to accomplish by the
aid of machinery.
The wooden pulley being ready to receive the metal covering a disc of
the required diameter is cut out of sheet copper by any well-known
cutting apparatus, but it is preferred to employ a cutter acting on the
principle of a pair of shears, which are to be attached to the end of a
lever. The metallic sheet is guided to the proper height and then
pinched between two holding surfaces, whilst the cutters detach the disc,
which falls the moment the holders are separated. In lieu of cutting
discs from a flat sheet rings of the proper width may be cut from a
drawn tube made without weld. The disc above referred to is then
submitted to a stamper, which turns up the edges, two holders nipping
the edges until the stamper enters, whereby folds or corrugations are
prevented from forming on the turned up edges. The metal covering is
then applied to the pulley, and is forced into the groove and over the
face by pressure applied thereto by the successive action of two pullies,
one of which forces the metal down into the groove of the pulley, and
the other folds over and presses down the protruding metal against the
face or side of the pulley. All excess of metal is then cut away by two
tools acting simultaneously upon the two faces of the pulley and tending
at the same time slightly to imbed the metal into the wood. A forked
piece detaches the pulley from the rotatory mandrill upon which it is
mounted when under the action of the pressing pulleys and cutting tools.
The pulley is now ready for receiving its central metallic boss, which is
maintained in position by two external washers held together by rivets
which pass through the body of the pulley and the washers, the holes
being all drilled simultaneously by three bits or drilling tools, against
which the pulley is drawn up. The boss is then inserted by the aid of
pressure, certain longitudinal projections or ribs on the external surfaces
thereof being caused to enter corresponding slots made in the sides of
the central opening in the pulley. The rivets having been rivetted the

page_text: pulley is removed to a finishing machine, which bores out the boss and
removes all irregularities or roughness from the surface of the pulley.
The pulley is held in an annular frame provided with adjustable radial
sliding holders, one of which is acted upon by a weighted lever worked
by stirrup or treadle, which is acted upon by the foot of the attendant,
thus holding the pulley securely whilst Icaving the hands of tlie
workman free. The smoothers or polishers are fitted onto the end of
two horizontal spindles, and one of which carries also a boring bit which
accurately bores out the central metal boss of the pulley, whilst the
rotatory files and polishers are operating upon both faces thereof. Metal
rings are fitted round. the polishers in order to prevent the tool from.
cutting too deeply and so indenting the side of the pulley.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,.
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JoHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-.
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her
special license that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns,, or such others as I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators; or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEAVES.
OR PULLIES POR HOISTING AND HAULING TACKLE," a communication from
abroad by Eugène Damien and Joseph Kister, both in Paris, in the
Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Henry Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry. Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following, statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked, thereon,
that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to the manufacture by the aid of special
machinery of metal covered sheaves or pullies for blocks and other
hoisting and hauling tackle, whereby such sheaves or pullies can be
more expeditiously and economically produced than by the ordinary
hand process at present adopted.
The operations to be accomplished in carrying out this Invention are,
first, the application to the grooved periphery of a wooden sheave or
pulley of a sheet metal covering or sheathing of an uniform thickness
throughout; second, the insertion of a metallic boss into the centre of
the pulley, both of which operations it is proposed to accomplish by the
aid of machinery.
The wooden pulley being ready to receive the metal covering a disc
of the required diameter is cut out of sheet copper by any well-known
cutting apparatus, but it is preferred to employ a cutter acting on the
principle of a pair of shears which are to be attached to the end of a
lever. The metallic sheet is guided to the proper height and then
pinched between two holding surfaces, whilst the cutters detach the disc,
which falls the moment the holders are separated. In lieu of cutting
discs from a flat sheet rings of the proper width may be cut from a
drawn tube made without weld. The disc above referred to is then
submitted to a stamper, which turns up the edges, two holders nipping
the edges until the stamper enters, whereby folds or corrugations are
prevented from forming on the turned up edges. The metal covering is
then applied to the pulley and is forced into the groove and over the
face by pressure applied thereto by the successive action of two pullies,
one of which forces the metal down into the groove of the pulley and

page_text: the other folds over and presses down the protruding metal against the
face or side of the pulley. All excess of metal, is then cut away by two
tools acting simultaneously upon the two faces of the pulley and tending
at the same time slightly to imbed the metal into the wood. A forked
piece detaches the pulley from the rotatory mandrill upon which it is
mounted when under the action of the pressing pulleys and cutting
tools. The pulley is now ready for receiving its central metallic bush,
which is maintained in position by two external washers held together
by rivets which pass through the body of the pulley and the washers, the
holes being all drilled simultaneously by three bits or drilling tools
against which the pulley is brought up. The boss is then inserted by
the aid of pressure, certain longitudinal projections or ribs on the
external surface thereof being caused to enter corresponding slots made
in the sides of the central opening in the pulley. The rivets having
been rivetted the pulley is removed to a finishing machine, which bores
out the boss and removes all irregularities or roughness from the surface
of the pulley. The pulley is held in an aunular frame provided with
adjustable radial sliding holders, one of which is acted upon by a
weighted lever worked by a stirrup or treadle which is acted upon by
the foot of the attendant, thus holding the pulley securely whilst leaving
the hands of the workman free. The smoothers or polishers are fitted
on to the ends of two horizontal spindles, and one of which carries also
a boring bit which accurately bores out the central metal boss of the
pulley, whilst the rotatory files and polishers are operating upon both
faces thereof. Metal rings are fitted round the polishers in order to
prevent the tool from cutting too deeply, and so indenting the side of
the pulley.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the saine, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
corresponding Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings represent the wooden portion of a
sheave to which it is proposed to apply a metal covering, as herein-after
5 described, and to fit a metal boss or centre therein.
In making and applying the metal covering a disc of copper is first
cut out of suitable diameter, as shewn at Figure 3; this may be effected
in any convenient manner, but the Inventors prefer to employ an appa-

page_text: ratus wherein the sheet of metal is nipped or held between two holding
surfaces, so that on cutting the same by means of a pair of shears fixed
to the end of a lever the disc will be detached and will fall the moment
the holders are released for the purpose of advancing the sheet of metal
for the next disc. In order to impart to this disc the form represented
at Figure 4 the ordinary appliances are employed, care being taken to
press the edge of the disc between two metallic plates which leave
exposed only the mouth of the matrix, whereby any creases or puckering
of the edges of the disc during the process of stamping or forcing is
prevented. The article driven down by the punch falls underneath the
apparatus, and is then annealed and applied to the wooden pulley by the
aid of a machine provided with pressing rollers, as herein-after described.
One roller presses the metal into the groove of the pulley, as shewn in
Figure 5; this is effeeted without weakening or injuring the metal,
which is so pressed over upon itself that it becomes increased rather
than diminished in thickness. Another roller turns the edges of the
metal over the face of the pulley; the excess of metal is then pared
away by means of two pointed tools which act simultaneously on both
faces of the pulley. The detached central metallic portion of the blank
may be subsequently utilized in the manufacture of a pulley of smaller
size. The Inventors also employ in lieu of flat blanks copper cylinders
cut into short lengths or tubes drawn without weld. The pulley thus
covered with metal, as shewn in Figure 6, has next to be provided with
a metal boss (Figures 9 and 10) combined with two metal washers, shewn
in Figures 7 and 8, and the whole connected together by three rivets.
The operation is commenced by boring three rivet holes in the wooden
pulley by means of a special tool, shewn on the Drawings, and which
is. herein-after described. The three holes having been bored simul-
taneously the boss is introduced therein, care being taken that the
projections on the latter enter the grooves which are formed in the
wood by means of projections on the head of the lathe which has been
used in the manufacture of the pulley. This precaution is indispensable,
since as the head of the boring apparatus is provided with projections
similar to those on the boss the position of the holes in relation to the
projections on the boss are exactly repeated, and thus correspond to the
three holes formed in the strengthening plates, which are also provided
with two notches to receive two of the projections on the boss. The
rivets having then been inserted, as shewn in Figure 11, the pullies are
submitted to the action of a machine, herein-after described, by means

page_text: irregularities.
Figure 12 is a longitudinal vertical section taken along the line A, B,
(Figure 13) of the machine employed for applying the metal covering to
wooden pullies; Figure 13 is a plan and Figure 14 a transverse vertical
section of the same taken along the line C, D, (Figure 12). The metallic
covering is applied to the groove of the pulley by means of the two
pressing rollers a of the form of the groove of the pulley, and provided
with side faces or flanges c. These rollers are loose on their axes, which
latter are fixed to the extremity of a metal plate 6 which is maintained
by the aid of a bolt on the slide d adjustable at will along the slide i of
the slide rest. The roller placed at the fore part of the slide rest comes
into operation first; this roller has but one side face which bears against
the solid part of the blank, which latter is thus held firm during the
operation. The slide rests works in a plate j secured by bolts to a wooden
or other frame; this plate is hollowed out to receive a bush which is
secured by a screw to the piece i; through this bush works a screw e
which actuates the slide i when turned by the handle 1. The second
roller is situate at the back part of the slide rest, and is provided with
two flanges c; its object is to apply the metal properly at the bottom of
the groove of the pulley and to turn down the metal on the side face
which has not as yet been covered. In order to regulate the traverse of
the slide rest there is disposed on the platej a stop f, against which the
screws come alternately, such screws working in lugs y cast on the
slide i and serving to adjust the position of the rollers a. The axis o
carries at its back end a plate provided with a socket p bored out at
the interior to receive the cylindrical head q on which the pullies to be
operated upon are disposed. The axis is supported by standards n which
are firmly secured to the wooden frame by means of bolts, one of such
standards having a projection cast on it through which passes the back
centre m destined to receive the pressure exerted upon the axis o.
Another standard is provided for the purpose of receiving the sliding
spindle 8, which is connected at one end to the lever t, and carries at the
other end a small free disc intended to press against the pulley and to
maintain the latter firmly on the head q during the operation. In order
to effect this movement there is disposed on the standard r a support
receiving the lever t which actuates the rod s at the same time as the
second lever, the extremity of which is of a forked form and embraces
I

page_text: the socket p, the effect of which is to cause the pulley to fall as soon as
the work is completed. This lever also actuates simultaneously a forked
arm for the purpose of putting the apparatus out of gear by shifting
the driving strap on to the loose driving pulley & so as to admit of the
finished pulley being replaced by another. The extremity of the bar =
slides in a support y fixed to the wooden frame.
Figure 15 is a side elevation, Figure 16 a plan, and Figures 17 and 18
transverse sections taken respectively along the lines E, F, and G, H,
(Figure 15) of a boring apparatus intended to form the holes in the
wooden pullies. These pullies are placed on a head A mounted on the
extremity of a slide B which works in a base E fixed to the wooden
frame N, and carrying a stud C upon which the lever M is placed,
which moves the pulley the requisite distance; the distance traversed
by the pulley is regulated by the screw F, which is disposed at the back
part of the slide. The base E also carries two standards G, to which
are secured the projecting rods H intended to release the pulley from
the head A when the boring is effected. The bits or boring tools K
(three in number) are fixed in sockets I disposed on the axes J, which
are actuated by pinions deriving their motion from a pulley L, the whole
being carried in a pedestal M secured to the wooden frame N.
Figure 19 is a longitudinal vertical section, Figure 20 a plan, and
Figure 21 a transverse vertical section taken along the line K, L,
(Figure 19) of the machine employed for finishing or polishing and
boring the bosses of the pullies. It is composed of a ring O provided
with bosses or projections, through which pass the slides P and S
adjusted by the aid of screws. The upper slide P is intended to press
upon the pulley, which is placed in the centre of the ring; this slide is
actuated by a lever R provided with a counterweight, to one end of which
lever is secured a rod carrying a stirrup or treadle. This arrangement
enables the workman in charge to act on the pulley with the foot whilst
leaving his hands free. The slides P and S have a notch formed in their
extremity in which the pulley to be polished is placed, where it is
maintained by means of screws Q, which enable it to be secured
whatever may be the thickness of the pulleys to be operated upon. The
finishers or polishers U are disposed on the ends of the two spindles T.
One of these polishers receives a bit or boring tool V, which bores the
boss inserted in the centre of the pulley at the same time that the
polishers remove the irregularities from the side faces. Over these

page_text: polishers are placed metal rings W, which act as stops to prevent the
polisher from notching the wood of the pullies; the traverse of the
polishers is also limited by screws X, which are adjusted at will. Each
slide Y is actuated by the aid of a lever, and at the upper part of the
supports there are disposed strap shifters for throwing the spindles
out of action when the operation is completed.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The construction and use of wooden sheaves or pullies, which
are covered or partially covered with metal sheathing and fitted with
metal bushes by the aid of mechanical appliances, such as are herein-
before described and illustrated by the Drawings annexed.
Second. The peculiar combination and arrangement of machinery or
apparatus for applying a metal sheathing to wooden sheaves or pullies,
as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 12, 13, and 14 of
the Drawings annexed.
Third. The combination of presser rollers worked by a screw spindle
or by other mechanical equivalent for applying a metal covering or
sheathing to wooden sheaves or pullies, substantially as herein-before
described.
Fourth. The peculiar combination and arrangement of machinery or
apparatus for simultaneously boring two, three, or more rivet holes in the
pulley, as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 15, 16, 17,
and 18 of the Drawings annexed.
Fifth. The combination of two or more drills or boring tools the
spindles of which are geared together so as to operate simultaneously
with a sliding head and lever for bringing the pulley up to and away
from the drills, as herein-before described.
Sixth. The peculiar combination and arrangement of machinery or
apparatus for boring the central metallic bush and for polishing and
finishing the faces of metal covered sheaves, as herein-before described
and illustrated by Figures 19, 20, and 21 of the Drawings annexed.
Seventh. The use in the said boring and polishing or finishing
machine of an annular frame in combination with radial, adjustable, and

page_text: sliding holders, one of which is worked by the foot of the attendant for
the purpose of holding the pulley whilst being bored and finished, as
lierein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day 5
of June One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)