IMPROVEMENTS IN HAMMERS TO BE WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUID, AND IN ANVILS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Norman, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HAMMERS TO BE WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUID, AND IN
ANVILS FOR THE SAME."
Sealed the 25th March 1862, and dated the 9th October 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Norman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1861.
I, JOHN NORMAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HAMMERS TO BE WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUID, AND IN
ANVILS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention comprises various improvements in hammers, such as are
worked by steam, and in anvils therefor, and has for object increased sim-
plicity in construction, facility for making repairs, and convenience in use.
The Invention consists, in the first place, in making the piston chamber in
two or more longitudinal parts, and square in cross section, or of other
convenient form, which will prevent the turning of the piston or plunger, so
as to dispense with separate guides. The piston or plunger is, of course,
shaped to correspond, and the surfaces may either be accurately fitted and
scraped to work steam-tight, or the ordinary piston packing may be adopted.
The piston and rod are, by preference, made in one forging, and the bottom

page_text: cover and stuffing box are passed upon it from below, and bolted to the
piston chamber; or the cover and stuffing box may be formed in longitudinal
parts, either continuations or not, of the sides of the chamber. The piston
chamber may either be bolted as a whole to the standard or framing, or one
part of it may be cast thereon. A single central framing or standard may
serve to support two or more hammers placed on opposite sides of it, or
circularly round it.
The improvements in anvils comprise several modifications, in all of which
the anvil is adjustable, so that different cresses may with facility be brought
under the hammer. These cresses may be formed on the anvil, or the anvil
may be formed with sockets to receive them. In one modification, the anvil
block is held in a transverse bed formed for it in the stool, which is, by
preference, cast jointly with the sole plate and standard of the hammer.
One side of the bed and the same side of the block are grooved. vertically, or
formed with locking projections and recesses, and the block is held in any of
its positions by means of a wedge key between its other side and the other
side of the bed. In other modifications the anvil block is made so that it
can be turned either about a vertical or a horizontal axis, to bring a different
cress under the hammer, provision being made by means of grooves and keys;
or otherwise, for locking it firmly in any of its positions, and for bedding it
in a solid manner. The same anvil block may further be contrived to serve
for different hammers, one cress being in use under one, and a different one
under another. Thus, when two or more hammers are placed round one
standard, the anvil block may be arranged to shift round about the standard;
or, again, it may shift about a vertical axis apart from the standard, so
as to have different parts of it under hammers upon separate standards.
Rack and pinion or screw gearing may be provided for shifting the anvil
blocks.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Norman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th 30
April 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J. JOHN
NORMAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 35
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
ine, the said John Norman, Her special licence that I, the said John
Norman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Norman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HAMMERS TO BE WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUIDS, AND 'IN
ANVILS FOR THE SAME," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said
John Norman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Norman, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention comprises various improvements in hammers, such as
are worked by steam, and in anvils therefor, and has for object increased
simplicity in construction, facility for making repairs, and convenience in use.
The Invention consists, in the first place, in making the piston chamber in
two or more longitudinal parts, and square in cross section, or of other con-
venient form, which will prevent the turning of the piston or plunger, and so
dispense with separate guides. The piston or plunger is, of course, shaped
to correspond, and the surfaces may either be accurately fitted and scraped
to work steam-tight; or the ordinary piston packing may be adopted. The
piston and rod are, by preference, made in one forging, and the bottom cover
and stufling box are passed upon it from below, and bolted to the piston
chamber; or the cover and stuffing box may be formed in longitudinal parts,
either continuations or not, of the sides of the chamber. The piston chamber
may either be bolted as a whole to the standard or framing, or one part of it
may be cast thereon. A single central framing or standard may serve to
support two or more hammers placed on opposite sides of it, or circularly
round it.

page_text: The improvements in anvils comprise several modifications, in all of which
the anvil is adjustable, so that different cresses may with facility be brought
under the hammer. These cresses may be formed on the anvil, or the anvil
may be formed with sockets to receive them. In one modification the anvil
block is held in a transverse bed formed for it in the stool, which is, by
preference, cast jointly with the sole plate and standard of the hammer. One
side of the bed and the same side of the block are grooved vertically, or
formed with locking projections and recesses, and the block is held in any
of its positions by means of a wedge key between its other side and the other
side of the bed. In other modifications the anvil block is made so that it
can be turned either about a vertical or a horizontal axis to bring a different
cress under the hammer, provision being made by means of grooves and keys,
or otherwise, for locking it firmly in any of its positions, and for bedding it
in a solid manner. The same anvil block may further be contrived to serve
for different hammers, one cress being in use under one, and a different one
under another. Thus, when two or more hammers are placed round one
standard, the anvil block may be arranged to shift round about the standard;
or, again, it may shift about a vertical axis apart from the standard, so
as to have different parts of it under hammers upon separate standards.
Rack and pinion or screw gearing may be provided for shifting the anvil
blocks.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood and
carried into effect, I have hereunto appended a Sheet of explanatory Drawings,
representing several examples of my improved hammers and anvils, which
are herein-after described. The same reference letters mark the same or
like parts in the various Figures on the said Sheet of Drawings.
Figure 1 is a front elevation, Figure 2 is a vertical section, and Figure 3
is a horizontal section, of one modification of steam hammer and anvil con-
structed according to my Invention. In this case the piston chamber A is
square in cross section, and its sides consist of two castings a, a', the inner
one a bolted to flanges 6 formed upon the hammer standard B, and the outer
one a bolted to the inner one a by flanges formed upon them for that
purpose. The valve chest C is formed upon the casting a, and valves (of
the piston class in this instance) are used, being arranged to admit steam to
both ends of the piston chamber A. The top cover D is bolted on, as is also
the bottom cover E, the latter being formed with a stuffing box e, of the
ordinary kind. The anvil F is adjustable, being held in a stool G, cast in
this example in the same piece with the hammer standard B, and the front
of the anvil F, and the inside of the stool front G, are formed with counterpart

page_text: grooves and ridges, which permit of the anvil being locked in various positions
by means of a key H inserted horizontally behind it.
Figure 4 is a vertical section, and Figure 5 is a horizontal or cross section,
showing a modification in the construction of the piston chamber, one-half
of the lower cover with the stuffing box being cast in the same piece with
two sides of the chamber. Figure 6 is an enlarged elevation of the piston,
with its rod and hammer block.
Figure 7 is a front elevation, Figure 8 is a vertical section, and Figure 9 is
a plan; of a second modification of my improved steam hammer and anvil. In
connection with the piston chamber A there is in this example no difference
of importance from the first modification. The valve chest C is cast on the
piston chamber A, being covered by a flange or plate cast on the upper end
of the standard B, to which the piston chamber casting is bolted. In this
example, a common slide valve c is used; the anvil F, however, is in this
instance made to shift by turning about a horizontal axis, being for that
purpose formed with a spindle or axle e, fitted into journals formed for it in
the lower part of the hammer standard B. This anvil is represented as
formed with eight faces, any one of which can be turned round into position,
being held there by means of a latch I, to receive which a notch is formed in
the inner edge of each face. The front of the anvil is supported by a small
stool J, being formed with a circular projection to rest thereon. A different
anvil F may be used with this hammer, the provision for such change being
shown in the horizontal section, Figure 10. The lower part of the hammer
standard B is formed with dovetail flanges K, and a correspondingly formed
stool G is firmly secured thereto, the dovetails being tapered vertically, so
as to have a wedging action. This stool and the anvil with which it is
fitted are similar to those represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, herein-before
described.
Figures 12 and 13 are side and front elevations, and Figure 14 is a
sectional plan, of a third modification of my improved hammer and anvil.
In this example, two sets of hammer details, similar to those herein-before
described, are fitted to one central standard or pillar B, and a single circular
anvil block F serves for both hammers. This anvil block F is mounted upon
a circular stool G (the two being shown in vertical section in Figure 12),
and is kept in its position by an inner flange projecting slightly down inside
the stool. To this flange there is attached a circular bevilled rack L, with
which there gears a bevil pinion M on a spindle N, passing through the
stool G, and squared at its outer end to receive a handle or key, and by
turning this spindle N the anvil may be shifted round as required.

page_text: Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I have to state that
I do not restrict myself to the precise details herein described or delineated;
but that what I consider to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the constructing of the piston chambers and pistons of hammers to
be worked by steam or other elastic fluid, substantially as herein-before
described.
Second, the constructing of hammers to be worked by steam or other
elastic fluid, with two or more sets of parts fitted to one standard or framing,
substantially as herein-before described.
Third, the combining of adjustable anvils, such as and in the manner
substantially herein-before described, with hammers to be worked by steam
or other elastic fluid.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Norman, bave hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JOHN NORMAN. (L.S.)