CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT John Dawson and John Howorth, both of Bacup,
in the County of Lancaster, Esquires, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 17th March 1868, and dated the 8th January 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Dawson and
John Howorth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th January 1868.
We, JOHN DAWSON and JOHN HOWORTH, both of Bacup, in the
County of Lancaster, Esquires, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to that portion of the loom termed the
taking-up" motion, and is designed to dispense with the ratchet
wheels, pawls, and sand roller now employed; and the improvements
consist in the adaptation and application of a novel arrangement of
gearing and tension bar, by which means the cloth is taken at once
on to the cloth roller and an even and uniform "pick" is simultaneously

page_text: effected throughout the entire piece; and the improvements consist
also in giving motion to the ordinary train of gearing actuating the
cloth roller by such said arrangement of gearing which may be thus
described-On the stud or shaft of the change wheel driving the
gearing which actuates the cloth roller a large spur wheel is applied,
into which gears a pinion supported on a stud secured to a radial lever
suspended from the centre or shaft of the large spur wheel; on the lower
portion of this lever below the pinion is a slot carrying an adjustable
sliding stud which is connected by a rod to the clip of an eccentric on
the "tappet" shaft. In order to transmit an intermittent progressive
forward motion to the large spur wheel through the medium of the
eccentric and vibrating pinion two lock wheels or pinions are provided
which are arranged so as to allow the large wheel to move in one
direction only; this is accomplished by supporting the top lock wheel on
a bent lever, the fulcrum of which is over the vertical centre of the large
spur wheel, the lock pinion by means of the bent lever being thrown out
of the centre so as to gear with such wheel at about an angle of 70
degrees, thereby allowing the large spur wheel to revolve freely in the
direction of the pinion, a reverse action being prevented by the pinion
being forced by the teeth of the wheel towards the vertical centre. The
lock to the vibrating pinion when moving forward so as to give motion
to the large spur wheel is obtained in a manner similar to the wheel
locking the large spur wheel through the medium of an enlarged wheel
on the vibrating pinion shaft, and into which the lock wheel gears on
the reverse side of the vertical centre. Thus during the forward motion
of the vibrating pinion its teeth are locked, which forces the large wheel
in the direction of the top lock pinion, allowing it thereby to move and
transmit motion through the ordinary taain of gearing to the cloth roller;
but on the reverse action of the vibrating pinion when returning the
large wheel is locked and the pinion is allowed to revolve back to its
starting point, at which time it again with its forward motion gives the
required "feed" to the " taking-up" motion. In order to give the
necessary tension to the cloth when being taken up by the cloth roller,
and also to obtain the differential motion that is required to produce a
regular and uniform "pick," a metal bar extending parallel with the
cloth roller is employed, and is supported on the top of the bar connected
with the sliding adjustable stud to which the rod connecting the radial
lever with the eccentric is applied. The cloth passes under the tension
bar on to the cloth roller, which as the roller increases in diameter is

page_text: forced down, the effect of which is also gradually to lower the sliding
adjustable stud further from the centre of the radial arm, which con-
sequently reduces the vibration of the pinion and the "feed" to the cloth
roller. A lever in connection with the loom "stop rod" when the frog
comes into action raises the bent lever supporting the top lock pinion so
as to throw it out of gear with the large spur wheel, thereby instantly
stopping the taking-up motion and preventing thereby the movement
of the cloth until the loom is set in motion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Dawson and John Howorth in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 7th July 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wе, JOHN
DAWSON and JOHN HOWORTH, both of Bacup, in the County of
Lancaster, Esquires, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Dawson and John Howorth, Her
special license, that we, the said John Dawson and John Howorth, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Dawson and John Howorth, our executors, administrators, and
assigus, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Dawson
and John Howorth, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing, under our, or one of our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Dawson and Howorth, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is
to say):
Our Invention relates to that portion of the loom termed the
"taking-up motion," and is designed to dispense with the ratchet
wheels, pawls, and sand roller now employed; and the improvements
consist in the adaptation and application of a novel arrangement of
gearing and tension bar, by which means the cloth is taken at once
on to the cloth roller, and a uniform "pick" throughout the entire
piece is simultaneously effected; and the improvements consist also
in giving motion to the ordinary train of gearing actuating the cloth
roller by such said arrangement of gearing, which may be thus
described-On the stud or shaft of the change wheel driving the
gearing which actuates the cloth roller a large spur wheel is applied,
into which gears a pinion supported on a stud secured to a radial
lever suspended from the centre or shaft of the large spur wheel; in
the lower portion of this lever below the pinion is a slot carrying
an adjustable sliding stud, which is connected by a rod to the clip
of an eccentric on the tappet "shaft." In order to transmit an inter-
mittent progressive forward motion to the large spur wheel through
the medium of the eccentric and vibrating pinion two lock wheels
or pinions are provided, which are arranged so as to allow the large
wheel to move in one direction only; this is accomplished by sup-
porting the top lock wheel on a bent lever, the fulcrum of which is
over the vertical centre of the large spur wheel; the lock pinion by
means of the bent lever lever being thrown out of the centre so as to
gear with such wheel at about an angle of 70°, thereby allowing the large
spur wheel to revolve freely in the direction of the pinion, a reverse
action being prevented by the pinion being forced by the teeth of
the wheel towards the vertical centre. The lock to the vibrating
pinion when moving forward so as to give motion to the large spur
wheel is obtained in a manner similar to the wheel locking the large
spur wheel through the medium of an enlarged wheel on the vibrating
pinion shaft, and into which the lock wheel gears on the reverse side
of the vertical centre. Thus during the forward motion of the
vibrating pinion its teeth are locked, which forces the large wheel in
the direction of the top lock pinion, allowing it thereby to move and

page_text: transmit motion through the ordinary train of gearing to the cloth
roller; .but on the reverse action of the vibrating pinion when returning
the large wheel is locked and the pinion is allowed to revolve back
to its starting point, at which time it with its forward motion gives
the required action to the "taking-up motion." In order to give the
necessary tension to the cloth when being taken up by the cloth
roller, and also to obtain the differential motion that is required to
produce a regular and uniform "pick," a metal bar extending parallel
with the cloth roller is employed, and is supported on the top of a
bar connected with the sliding adjustable stud to which the rod con-
necting the radial lever with the eccentric is applied. The cloth passes
under the tension bar on to the cloth roller, which as the roller increases
in diameter is forced down, the effect of which is also gradually to lower
the sliding adjustable stud further from the centre of the radial arm,
and which consequently reduces the vibration of the pinion and the
"feed" to the cloth roller. A lever in connection with the loom
"stop rod" when the "frog" comes into action raises the bent lever
supporting the top lock pinion so as to throw it out of gear with the
large spur wheel, thereby instantly stopping the "taking-up" motion,
and preventing the movement of the cloth roller until the loom is
set in motion.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained
in detail we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon
a scale of about one inch to the foot, in which Figures the equivalents
of ratchet wheels, catches, and pawls are used instead of the lock
pinion.
Fig. 1 represents a detached side elevation of a loom to which is
applied the improved "taking-up motion;" Fig. 2 represents a front
elevation of the same, and Fig. 3 represents a similar arrangement of
mechanism in which pinions are substituted instead of ratchet wheels
and catches, as first described.
In Figs. 1 and 2 a, a, is the framing of the loom; b, the breast beam;
and c, the cloth roller, behind which the cloth passes, as seen in Fig. 4,
before being received on the cloth roller, a rod or bar e being provided,
beneath which the cloth passes as it is taken up by the roller; this
rod as the cloth accumulates in diameter gradually lowers and reduces
the amount of action given for taking up, which is transmitted to the
cloth roller through the intermediate arrangement of mechanism herein-

page_text: after described. On the stud or shaft of the change wheel driving
the gearing which actuates the cloth roller a large spur wheel fis
applied, into which two pinions i, i, gear, the lower one of which is
supported on a stud k secured to the radial lever, which is sus-
pended from the centre, or shaft of the large spur wheel f, and the
other on a stud above the wheel secured to the bracket
p connected
with the framing; on these studs ratchet wheels m, m³, are secured,
which are acted upon by pawls or catches q', q', allowing the pinions
to turn, the spur wheel f giving motion to the cloth roller in one
direction only. The lower portion of the radial arm supporting the
lower pinion is provided with a slot, in which an adjustable sliding
stud is placed, one end of which on one side of the slotted lever is
attached link or rod n connecting it with the moveable bar acted
upon by the surface of cloth on the cloth roller as such roller increases
in diameter, and the other end of the stud on the opposite side of
the lever is connected by means of a rod to the clip of an eccentric o
on the tappet shaft, which when the loom is in action imparts a
constant vibration or throw to the suspended lever 1, the distance of
such movement being regulated by the sliding adjustable stud k, as it
increases its distance from the fulcrum of the suspended lever by the
accumulation of cloth, such adjustment being effected by means of the
cloth bar e and connecting link or rod n. When the loom is in action
and the radial lever is being forced forward by the eccentric o on the
tappet shaft the teeth of the lower pinion are locked or stationary
by means of the catches q, which act against the teeth of the ratchet
wheel m and prevent the revolution of the pinion i; at this time the
top pinion gearing in the spur wheelf has by the position of its
ratchet wheel m¹ and catches q¹ a reverse motion, and the large wheel f
is allowed to turn only when forced by the forward motion of the
locked pinion i, but on returning as the eccentric completes its
revolution, the pinion i having its motion also reversed is allowed
to revolve, the catches slipping over the teeth of the ratchet wheel m.
The top pinion at this time during the return motion of the under
pinion is also reversed in its action, and becomes locked by the
action of the catches q¹ against the teeth of the ratchet; thus by the
alternate locking and unlocking of the under pinion i and the top
pinion a constant intermittent motion is given to the wheelf which
transmits to the cloth roller a constant and gradually diminishing
action, so as to compensate for the increasing diameter of the cloth

page_text: roller, thereby effecting regularity and precission of "pick" without the
use of the ordinary sand roller or perforated surface plates.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with
the method of carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it to be
distinctly understood that we claim the novel construction, combination,
and adaptation of apparatus for effecting the "taking-up" of the fabric
in looms, as lierein-before described, set forth, and fully illustrated in the
Drawings attached.
It witness whereof, we, said John Dawson and John Howorth,
have hereunto set my hands and seals, this Fourth day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.
Witnessed by
JOHN BOLTON.
JOHN DAWSON.
(L.S.)
JOHN HOWORTH. (L.S.)