Improvements in Type-setting Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-setting Machines.
JOHN IGNATIUS HAYNES, of No. 304, North Eighth Street, in the City of
St. Louis, State of Missouri, United States of America, does hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to that class of machinery in which the required functions
thereof are performed by the hand or hands of the operator, by means of a key-
board conveniently arranged for the particular purpose, and consists in features of
novelty hereinafter described.
In the usual practice of setting type by hand, the objections are, that each type
has to be picked up separately out of its particular compartment in the case and
carried to and placed in the stick, care being taken that it is properly placed.
When the line is word-full it has to be spaced out to the proper length. Each of
the steps requires a separate and distinct movement, which requires time, and is
comparatively slow and expensive work. The object of my invention is to do away
with the tedious operation of picking up each individual type by hand, and do it
by a simple push of a key, which, at the same time, places the type in a suitable
receptacle, from which the letters are afterwards gathered to form the words of the
line by a single movement of the hand of the operator, and, further, to provide
means, by a correspondingly simple and quick operation for justifying the line and
putting it in place in the galley.
How I accomplish these objects will be made plain by the following description,
reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my type-setter, with the key-board and the front
portions of the containing case removed;
Figure 2 is a horizontal cross-section, taken on the line 2-2 in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a vertical cross-section, from front to back, taken on the line 3-3 in
Figure 1;
Figure 4 is an end elevation, with portions of the containing case removed;
Figure 5 is a detail view of the bottom of the type-holders and the type-pushers ;
Figure 6 is another view, as in Figure 5;
Figure 7 is a cross-section of pushing-sleeve, showing arrangement of guide-bar
and groove for rack cut in sleeve to accommodate rack;
Figure 8 is a cross-section of handle-piece, showing groove cut in same to
accommodate back of and operate the comb, and shape of teeth;
Figure 9.is.a.plan-view of combination ratchet, same as used in the shape of a
ratchet-wheel in the machine, but developed-on-a-plane.;.
Figure 10 is a side elevation of the combination ratchet;
Figures 11 and 12 are enlarged views of the springs for the reception of the
type when pushed out of the races by the comb M;
Figure 13 is a section taken on the line 13-13 of Figure 11;
Figure 14 is a section taken on line 14-14 of Figure 12;
Figure 15 is an enlarged view of the galley-frame, and pusher-piece, the frame-
work being in its raised position ;
Figure 16 is a similar view showing the frame depressed and the position of the
pusher-piece after pushing a line of type into the galley;
Figure 17 is a section on line 17-17 of Figure 15;
Figure 18 is a section on line 18-18 of Figure 16;
Figure 19 is a plan of the space-keys and adjacent levers ;
Figure 20 is a side view of the same, showing the casing of the ratchet
mechanism, partly broken away, and the disc having pins therein in section;

page_text: Figure 20 is a perspective view of the rocking arms which act correlatively
with the pins in the wheel;
Figure 21 is a section through the casing, showing the disc having pins therein,
in front elevation, and the pallets in position on the ratchet wheel;
Figure 22 is an elevation of the escape mechanism for the sliding galley ;
Figure 23 is a similar view in a different position.
Like letters of reference denote like parts in the several figures.
I place the assorted type a in vertical channel receptacles b, using a separate
channel for each sort of type used. The width and depth, from front to back, of
these receptacles 6 correspond, respectively, to body and length of the type used.
The bottom of these type-channels is formed, shown in detail in Figures 5 and 6,
by the bottom being partly cut away so as to leave room for the spring catch c¹ of
the type-pushers c to slide in, and leaving the shoulders 61 on which the supply
column of type a normally rests. The several type-channels b are left open at the
top for inserting the supply of type and are all secured together and rigidly
fastened to the frame-work of the containing case A. The type-pushers c have
their end bearings in the general frame-work of the machine, and are formed with
a rack d' on their under side, which fits into the gear-teeth e¹ cut in the arc end of
the bent lever d, which is pivotedly secured to the frame-work of the machine on a
bolt e.
This bolt e extends transversely across the machine and is secured to the
frame-work, and acts as a support for the several pusher-levers. The free end of
the levers d are connected to the key-levers by a connecting-rod g which is loosely
secured to the key-lever at a point on the lever-bar at such a distance from the
fulcrum-point has to give the proper amount of movement to the type-pushers c
when the keys are depressed to their adjustable stops placed under the forward
end of the key-bar. Sliding up and down in the grooves cut in the frame-work for
that purpose, immediately in front of the vertical type-receptacle, is a frame-work B
of horizontally-placed slats or bars forming the horizontal channels or races i into
which the type a is received when pushed out of the bottom of the type-receptacles b
by the type-pushers c. Each of these races i must be wide enough to admit the
body of the widest type in the font used, and must be open at one end (the end to
the left as shown) for reasons hereinafter specified. The frame B is supported by
two straps which are secured to the two ends of the upper side of the frame B and
carried over two drums k, which contain coil springs k'. These springs k¹ are
wound so as to tend to raise the frame B. This upward movement is prevented,
or, rather, governed, by the strap 1, which is secured to the lower edge of the
frame B and wound round the spring-governed drum C. The spring in the drum C
tends to pull the frame B down. The tension on the springs k¹ is strong enough to
raise the frame B when it contains a line of type, if it were not held down by the
strap and the spring-governed drum C. The spring in the drum C is strong
enough to pull the frame B down against the upward pull of the springs k¹ and
would do so if it were not for the spring-operated pawl secured to the frame of
the machine which engages and prevents, unless disengaged therefrom, the
backward rotation of the ratchet-wheel D, which is rigidly secured to the same
shaft as the spring-drum C. The frame is allowed to move a step upward, or,
rather, the ratchet-wheel D, and, with it, the drum C, is forced a ratchet-tooth
forward against the resisting tendency of the coil-spring in the drum C, by the
pushing pallet n on its return movement after being lowered, as hereinafter
described. The pallet n is attached to a cradle-bar K which is pivotally secured
to a bolt, and extending across the frame-work of the machine and so situated
under the key-bars f as to be depressed, whenever any of the keys are used, against
a strong spiral spring h¹ which retains it in its normal position.
Extending across the machine immediately under the key-bars fso as to be
operated by them, is a bar p carried at the ends of rock-arms L, which are pivotally
secured to the sides of the frame by the bolts m¹. The bar pis supported in its
normal position by the spiral spring n¹. As an extension of, or secured to, the
rock-arms L, at one of the ends at which it is pivoted, is the arm q which terminates

page_text: in the geared sector o'. The teeth of the sector o¹ fit into the gear cut in the
sector which forms one end of the lever-arm r. The lever has its fulcrum-
bearing by being loosely mounted on and near the end of the screw-threaded
shaft F. The other or free end of the lever is formed with a projection s'
extending parallel to the shaft on which it is pivoted and over the several ratchet-
wheels G, which are rigidly mounted on the shaft F, concentrically therewith.
The projections carries the several spring pallets s which engage and operate the
several ratchet-wheels G, thus giving a motion of rotation to the shaft F. This in
turn moves the indicator finger H by the pin end p¹, being engaged in and pro-
pelled by the endless screw I, cut in the shaft F. The indicator itself is mounted
and slides on the square slide or guide-bar J, which has its ends pivotally secured
to the frame-work of the machine, so that the indicator finger H can be rocked or
brought forward, disengaging the pin p' from the screw I, when it is desired to
move the indicator back to the starting point, as at the beginning of a new line.
The amount of movement of the indicator finger is shown on a scale t', secured to
the outside of the casing of the machine in view of the operator. The object of the
indicator is to show, at any time, how much of the line bas been set and, when it is
word-full, to show how much space in the line there is yet to justify. To do this
accurately it is obvious that the indicator must move a distance exactly propor-
tional to the thickness of the different types set. The movement of the different
type-setting levers f is the same for all letters, so, to compensate for the different
thickness of the types, notches o of different depths are cut in the bar p. Thus, for
the definite movement of the different key-levers the bar p is depressed a different
amount. The compound ratchet-wheel G is made up of two or more ratchet-
wheels placed side by side and fastened together concentrically on the same shaft,
so that the distance between any two teeth on the same wheel is divided between
the different wheels by the number that may be used. The object of this is to have,
in the combination, a fine-cut ratchet-wheel for the pallets 8, which are in line, to
drop into, leaving but little or no lost motion, and retain the large and comparatively
strong tooth of a coarse-cut ratchet as in a single wheel.
The
When the line has been set, the types and spaces are scattered throughout the
length of the different races or channels of the frame-work or compound stick B.
To gather them together, I make use of a comb-shaped piece M with its teeth
fitting into and extending across the races i, shown in Figures 3 and 8.
teeth q' of the comb are always inserted in the races i, normally at one end, at the
right-hand end as shown in the drawings. It must then travel up and down with
the frame B. The comb M is operated by a handle-piece N which is supported by
and slides on a guide-bar O, by being secured to it by a split sleeve formed across
the handle-piece. The piece N is formed with a longitudinal slot open at both ends
so as to permit the comb M, the back of which is inserted in it, to move up-and-
down as described.
On the guide-bar O is placed a split sleeve P. This sleeve P carries on its under
side the rack t which engages and operates, when the sleeve P is moved, by being
pushed by the sleeve of the handle-piece N, as hereinafter described, the spur gear-
wheel which is mounted on a shaft u set at right-angles to the line of the bar O.
This wheel rotates the shaft on which it is mounted, thereby rotating the spur
gear-wheel Q¹ which is mounted on the same shaft. This wheel Q, in turn,
operates the vertically-moving rack R. Mounted on the shaft u, so as to be turned
with it in one direction only, by the ratchet u' and spring governed pallet vl, is a
This cam operates the rocking-bar S, which, in turn, pushes in the
springs to which carry on. their ends the lugs w¹. These lugs wo, when pushed
in against the end of the frame B, when it is down, form an extension of the
horizontal slats or bars forming the races i for the types to slip on to when
pushed out of the races by the comb M. The springs are pushed in and held
by the cam and the rocking-bar S until the rack har R is raised when the
cam releases the rocking bar S and it drops back to its original position. They
are then held in by the body of the bar R. This is done in the forward motion
cam r.

page_text: of the handle N, the pitch of the different gear racks, wheels and pinions being
properly proportioned for that purpose. When the handle N is moved back,
the bar R is lowered which releases the several springs wallowing them to
spring back to their normal position consecutively, the top one first, thereby
dropping the type resting on the lug projection to the next one below. The
whole line is finally dropped on to the frame T which is held in position by
guide-rods let into the frame-work of the machine and is supported in a normal
position immediately under the end of the frame B by a spring which is only
strong enough to support the frame T when it has no extra weight on it, and
is depressed by the weight of a line of type to a position on a level with the
bottom side of the galley U, situated immediately behind the line of movement of
the frame T, as shown in Figures 4, 15, and 16.
The line of type is pushed from the frame T into the galley U, in behind a
wide flat spring which holds the line in place when in the galley, by the pusher-
piece V which slides, in its suitably constructed grooves in a line from front to
back, and is operated by a rack and pinion y¹. The pinion y is operated
by being mounted on the same shaft and turning with the pinion z¹ which is
engaged and operated by the rack a". This rack slides in a longitudinal
groove d cut in the front side of the sleeve P to accommodate it and is operated
by the stops 61 and c", set in the groove d¹, abutting against the ends of the
rack a. The object of this arrangement is to transmit only part of the move-
ment of the sleeve P to the rack a so that the line pusher piece V is operated
when the several parts operated by the movement of the sleeve P are in a position
as not to interfere. The galley U is placed on and removably secured to the
platform e which slides in suitably cut grooves in the frame-work of the machine.
The platform piece e¹ is formed with a rack f" on its under side. This rack "
fits into the spur gear-wheel g". When the galley platform e" is pushed in so as
to bring the galley in the proper position to receive the line of type when the first
line is put in, the shaft on which the gear wheel g" is mounted is rotated. This
winds up a spring h", the end of which is secured to the shaft and the other end to
the frame-work of the machine. The tendency, obviously, of the spring will be to
bring the platform back out. This is prevented by the locking device engaging
the teeth of the ratchet wheel which is mounted on the same shaft as the gear
wheel 9" and turns with it. This locking device k¹¹ is operated by a rack n" and a
pinion m, the pinion being mounted on the same shaft and turning with the gear
wheel, Q. The rack n is not placed directly on the locking bark but on a
separate bent piece o" which operates the bar kl by abutting against shoulders
formed by a bend in the same. The object of this is to operate the locking device,
allowing the galley. platform to move a step (which will be a distance equal to the body
of the type being used in the machine) outward, at the proper part of the movement of
the handle piece N. The locking bar " carries two pawls p" and " one of which
q", is a spring pawl. One of these two pawls is always in position to engage the
teeth of the ratchet-wheel and prevent its rotation. To allow it to rotate the
bar is oscillated up and down by the handle N through the intermediate gearing
as described. The two spacer keys operate the same key-lever, see Figures 2
and 19, and the same type-pusher, which pushes a three-m space into the compound
stick B, but in depressing the cradled frame K, they, or either of them, depress it
enough for the pallet n to take up two teeth of the ratchet-wheel D so as to raise
the frame B two spaces in its return. This leaves a vacant race between words.
The object of this is to have an opportunity to justify. The justification is done
when the frame B is let down. The spacer-keys, while doing the work of an
ordinary key, also operate in their stroke, a cradled frame W, see Figures 20
and 21, which, in turn, operates an arm y. This arm y, when operated by the
spacer keys pushes a pin 2 out.toward the front side of the disc wheel X so as to
mark the place, or locate the point in the movement of the frame B, at which a
blank space is left, as described, the wheel X being mounted on the same shaft as
the ratchet wheel D and turning with it. When the frame B is let down by the

page_text: pallet n and ratchet g¹ being thrown out of interference with the ratchet wheel D,
as hereinafter described, the several pins z are in a position to interfere with the
arm yll and be held there while the proper space is pushed in by its respective
key, which space will be a proportional part of the justifying space, as shown by
the indicator to be left when the line is word-full.
The arm y has a counter arm y¹ (see Figures 20, 204, and 21) projecting in an
opposite direction from the same shaft, the whole being spring supported as at n',
in order to normally hold the arm y' in juxtaposition to the disk wheel X.
In front of the arm y, is introduced a dog y", the function of which being, to
engage the teeth on the disk wheel X, and prevent its rotation while the pins = are
being operated upon.
The normal position of the pins in the disk wheel X being one to the rear, when
the space-key is depressed to indicate a space for justification, the shaft or cradle
bar W, is rocked forward, which movement forces one of the pins forward,
through the medium of the arm y, behind (in the line of rotation of the disk
wheel X) the arm y'. During the movement of the arm y forward, the dog y"
engages the teeth on the wheel X, and holds the same stationary until the arm has
completed its operation of forcing one of the pins in front of the disk wheel. When
the line has become "word-full and the spaces ready for justification, the disk
wheel X revolves until the pins strike against the arm y', after which, the cradle
bar W is again rocked, and as the arm y will strike in an empty space, it will not
act upon the pins z, but the dog y" acting in conjunction with the teeth on the disk
wheel, will hold the same stationary, until the operation of justifying is completed,
after which, in its rearward movement, it releases the wheel X, and the pins z are
forced back to their normal position, by the quick, spring action of the arm y¹
attempting to assume its normal position against the wheel X, after which, the
wheel again rotates until the next pin strikes against the arm y¹, when the same
operation is repeated.
From the foregoing description, it will be evident that the line-pusher V will do'
its work in the forward or first part of the movement of the handle N, and that,
unless there is a line on the supporting frame T, it will be in the way to interfere
with the movement of the pusher V. In operating the machine it will be necessary
to, in some way, depress this frame T when the first line is being gathered together.
This is done by having the lower end of one of the guide bars referred to extending
beyond the casing A so as to be convenient to be grasped by hand and be pulled
down.
I have described the method of controlling the motion of the frame B by having
the lower spring the stronger, thus having to put power enough against the key bar
retaining springs to raise it against this strong spring. It_may_prove-advisable-to-
make use of another means of controlling the position or movement of the frame B
by having the upper supporting springs strong enough to raise the whole and by
depressing the frame by foot power against them at the beginning of the line and
merely releasing or tripping a retaining device by a depression of the keys.
The pallet n and ratchet g are thrown out of interference with the ratchet
wheel D by one of the keys being so arranged (not shown in the drawings) as to
operate a cam with projecting pins suitably placed to do this.
The pins z, when the line has been justified, are pushed back to their normal
position in the disc wheel X by a flat disc (not shown in the drawings) being loosely
mounted on the same shaft as the pin wheel X, in such manner that it can be slided
on the shaft from front to back.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and the manner in which it is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a type-setting machine, vertical receptacles for the supply of type formed
with an opening at the bottom through which the type can be pushed out, pushing
hars for nushing the tune out of the sunnly recentacle onerated by kave arrancerd

page_text: so as to form a convenient key-board, a compound stick formed with a separate
place to receive the several types as they are pushed out of the supply receptacles,
means for gathering the several types set together so as to form the line and place
the same in the galley, consisting in a comb-formed piece so placed as to slide the
type to one end of the horizontal races forming the compound stick, automatically
actuated type supporters for letting the type down to a position from which it is
convenient to push it into the galley, an automatically operated line pushing device
for placing the line in the galley, and an automatically moved galley, the whole
combined and operated, substantially as described.
2. In a type-setting machine, the combination with the channel ways having
shoulders at their bottoms to support the columns of type, and an exit opening for
said type, of a type-pusher having a spring on its upper face for engaging the
type, and having a rack on its under side, a sector wheel for engaging said rack,
and means for actuating said sector wheel; substantially as and for the purposes
described.
3. In a type-setting machine, type pushing bars for pushing the type out of the
vertical receptacles, suitably supported, formed with a spring actuated pushing
catch, sliding in suitably cut grooves immediately under the columns of type in the
vertical type receptacles, and operated by the depression of a key through
intermediate gearing and connecting rods, substantially as described.
4. In a type-setting machine, a frame-work of horizontally placed slats or bars
forming a compound stick of the several channels or races for receiving the type
when pushed out of the type receptacles, the whole rigidly secured together and
sliding in suitable grooves permitting of a vertical movement of the compound
stick immediately in front of the openings in the type receptacles so that the
different races can be placed in a position convenient to receive the type when
pushed out of the receptacles, and supporting mechanism for the whole so as to
permit of such different positions relative to the openings in the type receptacles,
substantially as described.
5. In a type-setting machine, a vertically moving compound stick or frame of
horizontal type races open at the back and front and at one end, in combination
with supports for the same consisting in a strap or straps secured to the frame and
carried over a spring actuated drum or drums, the springs tending to and being
capable of raising the frame, a connecting strap or straps between the frame and
a spring actuated drum, the tendency and the strength of the spring being able to
lower the frame against the raising spring or springs, a retaining pawl engaging
a ratchet wheel governing the rotation of the lowering spring drum and a spring
pushing pallet, for forcing the ratchet wheel a step forward so as to allow the
frame to move a race upward, attached to a pivotally secured cradle frame so
placed as to be depressed, and the pallet actuated, by the keys when they are
operated to push the type out of the type receptacles, substantially as described,
and for the purposes specified.
6. In a type-setting machine, a vertically moving frame of horizontal type
receiving races, in combination with a comb-shaped piece which has its teeth
extending into and across the type races and moves with the frame and a handle
piece mounted on a sleeve sliding on a horizontal guide bar, substantially as and
for the purposes described.
7. In a type-setting machine, a vertically moving frame of type receiving races,
in combination with a comb-shaped piece for gathering the types set in the
different type races, a handle for operating the comb, springs carrying lugs or
projections on their ends which are normally in a position to leave an open space
between them and the ends of the bars or slats forming the horizontal type races
and when pushed in against the frame when it is down to form a continuation of
the same, a rocking frame for pushing the springs in, actuated, through inter-
mediate cams, gears, racks, and wheels, by the movement of the comb-handle, a
vertically moving bar for releasing the springs from their normal position,
actuated through intermediate gearing, by the movement of the comb handle and

page_text: a spring supported frame for receiving the line of type when it is dropped from
the spring lugs, substantially as described.
8. In a type-setting machine, a line pushing piece sliding in grooves in the
frame-work of the machine for pushing the line of type from the supporting frame,
on to which it has been dropped after being gathered together, into the galley,
operated through intermediate gear wheels and racks, by the comb handle,
substantially as described.
9. In a type-setting machine, the combination with a rod and a spiral thereon,
of a series of "step by step "ratchets on said rod, pallets for actuating said
ratchets, and an indicator having a depending arm for engaging the spiral,
whereby the indicator will show how much space there is to justify, substantially
as and for the purposes described.
10. In a type-setting machine, an indicator for showing how much of the line
has been set, in combination with an endless screw for operating said indicator, a
ratchet wheel mounted on the shaft of said screw, a pallet for operating said
ratchet wheel secured to a pivotally-secured cradle frame which is operated by
the type-setting key bars, substantially as described.
11. In a type-setting machine, the combination of a compound stick moving in
vertical grooves, supported and governed in such movement by being secured to
spring operated drums, with a wheel, secured to the same shaft as the governing
spring drums, supplied with pins which are thrown into a position of interference
with a locking bar by the depression of the key-bar used to set the spaces between
words, thereby marking or locating the place or race in the compound stick in
which to insert the justifying spaces in the descent of the compound stick,
substantially as described.
12. In a type-setting machine, a galley rigidly secured to a platform sliding in
grooves or ways so as to present different portions of the galley in a position
convenient to receive the line of type when set and gathered together, the move-
ment of said platform being caused and governed by a rack attached to the
platform engaging a gear wheel to the shaft of which is attached a spiral spring,
against the tension of which the platform is forced and to the said shaft of which
is attached a ratchet wheel, the unlocking or tripping of which is operated by
the same mechanism that operates the device for pushing the line of type into the
galley through intermediate racks, gears and pinions, permitting the platform
with attached galley to move a step or line forward subsequent to each movement
thereof, substantially as described.
Deted the 4th dow of Anril 1802