Improvements in the Manufacture of Flexible Tubes and Suction and Delivery Hose.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 7th May, 1894-Accepted, 23rd June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Flexible Tubes and Suction
and Delivery Hose.
I CHRISTIAN HAMILTON GRAY of Silvertown in the County of Essex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of flexible tubes and hose, and has for
its object the attainment of great strength, flexibility, and durability, in the
manufactured article.
According to my invention, I take wire of suitable character (according to the
nature of the article to be produced), and cover it with tape prepared with
unvulcanised india rubber, or with thread, braided or not, as desired. The lapping
with the tape may be effected in a machine which forms no part of the present
invention, and the covering may, if desired, be of several thicknesses. When
braiding or lapping the wire with thread, I prefer to draw the wire into the
braiding or lapping machine from a bath of liquid india rubber, which will ensure
the firm adhesion of the cotton covering to the wire.
The wire covered with tape or thread, as explained, is then coiled closely on a
mandril covered with unvulcanized rubber, into which material the prepared wire
embeds itself. A coating of rubber on the outside is then added, and the compound
tube thus formed is then removed from the mandril, by introducing air pressure
between the mandril and the tube, and cured in the ordinary way.
If preferred, the curing or vulcanizing may be effected while the tube is still
upon the mandril.
Hose thus composed of covered wire embedded in rubber, while retaining its
flexibility, is capable of resisting great pressure, and withstanding considerable
wear.
Goods intended to be of special quality, such, for example, as tubing used for
air brakes, may with advantage be braided on their outer surface one or more
times in a braiding machine, and finished by the application of a rubber coating and
subsequent vulcanization. This will strengthen them longitudinally; or instead of
braiding, tapes may be applied lengthwise of the tube, to resist longitudinal strain
and internal displacement of the wire coils.
•
In the case of hose, this may receive a lapping of prepared canvas ;-and the
articles strengthened by canvas or braiding may be finished as before explained.
Dated this 8th day of August 1893.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Flexible Tubes and Suction
and Delivery Hose.
I CHRISTIAN HAMILTON GRAY of Silvertown in the County of Essex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of flexible tubes and hose, and has for

page_text: its object the attainment of great strength, flexibility, and durability, in the
manufactured article.
In carrying out my invention, I take wire of suitable character and gauge
(according to the nature of the article to be produced), and cover it with tape
prepared with unvulcanised india rubber, or with thread braided or not, as desired.
The lapping with the tape may be effected in a machine which forms no part of the
present invention, and the covering may, if desired, be of several thicknesses.
When braiding or lapping the wire with thread, I draw the wire into the braiding
or lapping machine from a bath of liquid india rubber solution, which will ensure
the firm adhesion to the wire of the cotton covering as it is applied thereto.
In forming suction hose from wire covered with tape or thread, as explained,
I coil the covered wire closely on a mandril of suitable length, say 30 feet, and of
a diameter corresponding to the internal diameter of the hose required to be made.
This mandril I first coat with unvulcanized rubber, and into it the prepared wire
embeds itself as it is wound upon the mandril. I next cover the coil with sheet
rubber compound, and the hose thus formed is then removed from the mandril, by
introducing air pressure between the mandril and the tube, and cured in the
ordinary way.
If preferred, the curing or vulcanizing may be effected while the tube is still
upon the mandril.
In the accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 shows a piece of suction hose formed according to this invention, the
stages of construction being illustrated in the figure.
A is a metal mandril surrounded by a sleeve of plastic compound rubber B.
Upon this is closely wound wire C, prepared as above explained, to ensure the
embedding of the coils in, and their adhesion to, the compound rubber B. D is an
external coating of plastic compound rubber, which serves to bind the coils of
covered wire together, and impart a smooth external surface to the suction hose,
while at the same time a permanent adhesion between the coils and the coating D
is ensured.
Fig. 1ª illustrates the mode of covering the wire with a cotton braiding; and
Fig. 1 shows the mode of covering the wire with tape prepared with
unvulcanised rubber.
Hose thus composed of covered wire embedded in rubber, while retaining its
flexibility, is capable of resisting great pressure, and withstanding considerable
wear.
Goods intended to be of special quality, such, for example, as tubing used for
air brakes, may with advantage be braided on their outer surface one or more
times in a braiding machine, and finished by the application of a rubber coating,
and subsequent vulcanization. This modification is illustrated at Fig. 2, where the
different stages of manufacture are illustrated, the braiding E covering the coils
of clothed wire C, and being itself enclosed in the envelope D of compound
rubber.
By enclosing the wire coils within a tubular braiding, the tubing will be
strengthened longitudinally as well as circumferentially, without interfering with
the adhesion of the component parts C and D.
Instead of braiding, tapes may be applied lengthwise of the tube, to resist
longitudinal strain and internal displacement of the wire coils.
This modification is particularly suited for the construction of delivery hose used
in connection with fire engines, where rough usage has to be guarded against, as
well as great internal strain.
An illustration of this modification is shown at Fig. 3, where F F indicate a
series of tapes prepared with unvulcanized india rubber, and placed longitudinally
around the tube formed by the coils of covered wire.
The finish of the tube in this, as in the former examples, is effected by the
application of a coating of india rubber compound D, and subsequent vulcanization
by heat, or otherwise, as is well understood.

page_text: Delivery hose, which is subject to sudden as well as severe internal pressure,
may be further strengthened by a lapping of prepared canvas, and finished as
before explained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In the manufacture of flexible tubes and suction and delivery hose, the means
whereby the permanent adhesion of the component parts B, C, D, is ensured, as
above described.
Dated this 7th day of May 1894.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.