Improvements in Apparatus for Effecting Figured Weaving in Looms.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 1st July, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 6th Mar., 1891-Accepted, 11th Apr., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by SÄCHSISCHE WEBSTUHL FABRIK, of Chemnitz,
Germany, Manufacturers.]
.Improvements in Apparatus for Effecting Figured Weaving in
Looms.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the apparatus for producing figured weaving in looms, which is generally
known as the "Crompton apparatus, the heald frames which have to rise or fall for
effecting the figuring are actuated by tubes and rollers carried by an endless chain.
When the fabric requires a large number of pattern cards this endless chain is very
heavy, and causes numerous inconveniences which might be avoided if it were
possible to apply to such apparatus perforated paper cards similar to those of the
ordinary Jacquard apparatus.
The present invention relates to apparatus whereby this is enabled to be done,
and which I will describe with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 shews a side view of the improved mechanism separate from the loom
mechanism.
.
Fig. 2 shews a sectional plan, and
Fig. 3 shews a side view of the apparatus combined with the figuring mechanism
of the loom.
All the capital letters of reference belong to the ordinary known figuring
mechanism, while the parts that constitute the present invention are indicated by
small letters. The framing A of the figuring mechanism, or rather a small support a
fixed to the framing, carries in fixed bearings a plate 6 that extends the whole
width of the mechanism. This plate b carries at each end a bearing for receiving
the shafts g and fas also the guide bar i; in addition, the plate b is provided with
upward extensions serving to guide a certain number of needles or rods c. These
rods c are in one and the same plane and their distances apart correspond exactly
with those of the heald levers. There is for each heald lever a latch with tail d
resting against the inner end of the needles c and pivotted in a pusher e which turns
upon the shaft f on which it is carried. The centre of gravity of the latch d is so
situated as to cause it either to touch or to be free of the corresponding rod,
according to its position.
By means of a guide bar i the pushers e are lowered sufficiently to cause the
hook H of the heald lever to engage with the lower bar E. The pusher e is
provided with a roller or a flat beak on which the hook H can rest in the same way
that it rests upon the rollers of the endless chain usually employed.
The shaft g imparts motion to a bar h so placed that the beaks of the latches d
can bear upon it. By means of the lever k on the shaft g and of the spring the
shaft g can be turned so as to cause the bar as also the latches which rest upon it to
be raised. By this means the pushers e and the hooks H are raised sufficiently to
be engaged with the upper bar E¹. The spring / holds these parts in the position
described as long as the shaft is not turned in the contrary direction; such return
movement is effected by the eccentric L by means of the rod M lever N shaft O of
the small crank o and the pull rod s, which parts at the same time serve to actuate
the frame p which supports the card cylinder.
While the figuring apparatus is performing the opening movement the card
ylinder moves outwards, turns and moves back again while the machine closes into
è necessary position for coming in contact with the needles c. At the last moment
he

page_text: the bar is lowered and frees the beaks of the latches d. The needles that
correspond with the holes of the cards remain at rest, and penetrate into the holes of
the cylinder, while the needles that are not opposite holes are pushed back. At the
same time the latches d are pushed backward; and are consequently not raised
when the bar h rises again, so that the corresponding pushers e and hooks H also
remain stationary.
Thus it will be seen that the pusher with its latch when raised, has the same
effect as the rollers on the endless chain, while the pusher that is not raised
represents the tube.
The arrangement of the cards above described can with slight modification also
be applied with advantage to Knowles figuring mechanism.
This arrangement is shewn in front view at Fig. 4 with the complete figuring
mechanism together with the healds;
Fig. 5 is a cross section,
Figs. 6, 7, and 8 shew the mechanism in three different positions Fig. 8 shewing
the position in which the shed is closed for mending the threads.
In this machine the movements are effected as follows: The two rollers C and C¹
fixed on the shafts B and B which turn in contrary directions, receive their motion
from the crank shaft by means of toothed gearing L K, L K L² K' and the
vertical shaft J. On part of the circumference of these rollers there are no teeth
so that they only gear at intervals with the toothed wheels. Between the two
rollers are spur wheels D with cranks mounted upon levers H in such manner that
they are caused by gravity to gear with the lower roller B. The levers H turn on
the shaft M and the crank pins N of the toothed gearing D are connected to the
heald levers by means of pull rods E. The toothed wheels D are also only provided
with teeth on part of their circumference, so that they also come out of gear at
certain intervals of time, such intervals being made to correspond with the moment
when the crank passes the dead centre. At this point the toothed wheels and the
healds come to a standstill and remain so without being otherwise held, and the
toothed wheels of one roller may then be geared with those of the other without
imparting any motion to the healds; all the toothed wheels with crank pins which
gear with the lower roller are turned by the latter so that the corresponding healds
would be lowered if they were not already lowered.
The toothed wheels that are raised gear with the upper roller and cause the
corresponding healds to be raised.
The raising and lowering of the healds is up to the present time effected by means
of cards and endless chains having rollers and tubes which were placed under the
levers H and which at each stroke of the crank pins advanced one stage.
By gearing all the toothed wheels with one single roller the shed is closed either
upward or downward, and in this position the threads are reset.
With the cards and chain rollers all the toothed wheels and consequently all the
healds can be raised by means of a pusher. According to the present invention the
chain with rollers is replaced by the before described mechanism actuated by paper
cards, so that the latches d enter the levers H at the moment corresponding to
that at which these rest upon rollers of the endless chain arrangement.
A cam situated on the shaft B' actuates a lever t and consequently imparts a to
and fro motion to the frame p of the card cylinder by means of the rod S and
spring O.
Upon the cylinder carried by the frame are the perforated paper cards. These
cards are formed into an endless chain and their holes correspond to the needles C,
sliding in a frame b. Against the rear ends of the needles bear the latches d by
gravity.
On the shaft B is a second cam m which by means of the lever K and the spring
imparts to the shaft g and the bar ha to and fro movement.
The bar h passes
under the beaks of the latches d so that all of these can be raised when the bar rises.
While the bar h is in its lowered position and is rising, the card cylinder bears
against the needles C and pushes all those backward that do not correspond to a

page_text: hole in the card, so that these are not raised by the bar, and all the corresponding
toothed wheels with cranks consequently also maintain their healds in the lowered
position, while those of which the fatches are raised by the bar, effect the raising of
the healds.
The movements are precisely the same as described with reference to the first
arrangement.
In order to enable the shed to be closed on the one side, it is not necessary to
raise the toothed wheels D, and consequently also the levers H by means of a specia
pusher, but the backward movement of the card cylinder frame is simply stopped;
for this purpose it is only necessary to raise a latch X so that a shoulder in its slot
bears against a fixed stud u. This arrangement has the advantage that the motion
of the cylinder is at the same time stopped, so that when work is recommenced the
cards are in correct position and no fault can be made.
For enabling the shed to be closed at the middle, the backs of the latches are
provided with a second beak and the shaft g¹ carries a second bar h¹ so arranged
that the second beaks of the latches d pass over the bar h¹ when they remain
lowered: By means of the lever k¹ fixed to g' and ', all the latches that remain
lowered can be raised while the latches d that were raised are lowered. The
lever is connected by a spring V to the piece w which as soon as the bar h has
been lowered rises and prevents the bar h and lever k from moving back again; by
this means all the healds which were in the upper shed will come into the lower
shed and those which were in the latter will rise into the upper shed. The loom is
stopped at the moment when the two sheds meet, thereby bringing them all into the
middle position, which is the most convenient one for adjusting the threads.
On again moving the levers k the parts are correctly started again for forming
the next shed.
Date 1
1
1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant..
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Effecting Figured Weaving in
Looms.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
In the apparatus for producing figured weaving in looms, which is generally
known as the "Crompton" apparatus, the heald frames which have to rise or fall
for effecting the figuring are actuated by tubes and rollers carried by an endless
chain. When the fabric requires a large number of pattern cards this endless
chain is very heavy and causes numerous inconveniences which might be avoided
if it were possible to apply to such apparatus perforated paper cards similar to
those of the ordinary Jacquard apparatus.
The present invention relates to apparatus whereby this is enabled to be done,
and which I will describe with reference to the drawings accompanying my
Provisional Specification in which
Fig. 1 shews a side view of the improved mechanism separate from the loom.
mechanism.
Fig. 2 shews a sectional plan and
Fig. 3 shews a side view of the apparatus combined with the figuring mechanism
of the loom.
All the capital letters of reference belong to the ordinary known figuring
mechanism while the parts that constitute the present invention are indicated by
small letters,

page_text: The framing A of the figuring mechanism, or rather a small support a fixed to
the framing, carries in fixed bearings a plate b that extends the whole width of the
mechanism. This plate 6 carries at each end a bearing for receiving the shafts g
and fas also the guide bar i; in addition the plate b is provided with upward
extensions serving to guide a certain number of needles or rods c. These rods c
are in one and the same plane and their distances apart correspond exactly with
those of the heald levers. There is for each heald lever a latch with tail d resting
against the inner end of the needles c and pivotted in a pusher e which turns upon
the shaft on which it is carried. The centre of gravity of the latch d'is so
situated as to cause it either to touch or to be free of the corresponding rod,
according to its position.
The guide bar or stop i serves as support to the pushers e when these descend by
gravity after having being raised by the bar h as will be presently described; on
the descent of the pushers the hooks H of the heald levers also descend by gravity
so as to engage with the lower bar E. The pusher e is provided with a roller or a
flat beak on which the hook H can rest in the same way that it rests upon the
rollers of the endless chain usually employed. The shaft g imparts motion to a
bar h so placed that the beaks of the latches d can bear upon it. By means of the
lever k on the shaft g and of the spring the shaft g can be turned so as to cause
the bar as also the latches which rest upon it to be raised.
By this means the pushers e and the hooks H are raised sufficiently to be engaged
with the upper bar E¹. The spring holds these parts in the position described as
long as the shaft is not turned in the contrary direction; such return movement
is effected by the eccentric L by means of the rod M, lever N, shaft O of the
small crank o and the pull rod n. The parts L M N O at the same time serve to
actuate the frame p which supports the card cylinder by means of the crank t and
rod s..
While the figuring apparatus is performing the opening movement, the card
cylinder moves outwards, turns, and moves back again while the machine closes
into the necessary position for coming in contact with the needles c. At the last
moment the bar h is lowered and frees the beaks of the latches d. The needles
that correspond with the holes of the cards remain at rest, and penetrate into the
holes of the cylinder, while the needles that are not opposite holes are pushed back.
At the same time the latches d are pushed backward, and are consequently not
raised when the bar h rises again, so that the corresponding pushers e and hooks H
also remain stationary.
Thus it will be seen that the pusher with its latch when raised, has the same
effect as the rollers on the endless chain, while the pusher that is not raised
represents the tube.
The arrangement of the card mechanism above described can with slight
modification also be applied with advantage to "Knowles" figuring mechanism.
This arrangement is shewn in front view at Fig. with the complete figuring
mechanism together with the healds; Fig. 5 is a cross section, Figs. 6, 7 and 8
shew the mechanism in three different positions Fig. 8 shewing the position in
which the shed is closed for mending the threads. In this machine the movements
are effected as follows: The two rollers C and C¹ fixed on the shafts B and B¹
which turn in contrary directions, receive their motion from the crank shaft by
means of toothed gearing L K, L K L² K2 and the vertical shaft J. On part of
the circumference of these rollers there are no teeth so that they only gear at
intervals with, the toothed wheels. Between the two rollers are spur wheels D
with cranks mounted upon levers H in such manner that they are caused by
gravity to gear with the lower roller B. The levers H turn on the shaft M and
the crank pins N of the toothed gearing D are connected to the heald levers by
means of pull-rods E. The toothed wheels D are also only provided with teeth
on part of their circumference, so that they also come out of gear at certain
intervals of time, such intervals being made to correspond with the moment when
the crank passes the dead centre. At this point the toothed wheels and the healds

page_text: come to a standstill and remain so without being otherwise held, and the toothed
wheels of one roller may then be geared with those of the other without imparting
any motion to the healds; all the toothed wheels with crank pins which gear with
the lower roller are turned by the latter so that the corresponding healds would be
lowered if they were not already lowered.
The toothed wheels that are raised gear with the upper roller and cause the
corresponding healds to be raised.
The raising and lowering of the healds is up to the present time effected by
means of cards and endless chains having rollers and tubes which were placed
under the levers H and which at each stroke of the crank pins advanced one
stage.
By gearing all the toothed wheels with one single roller the shed is closed either
upward or downward, and in this position the threads are reset.
With the cards and chain rollers all the toothed wheels and consequently all the
healds can be raised by means of a pusher.
According to the present invention the chain with rollers is replaced by the
before described mechanism actuated by paper cards, so that the latches & act
upon the levers H at the moment corresponding to that at which these rest upon
rollers of the endless chain arrangement.
A cam situated on the shaft B₁ actuates a levert and consequently imparts a to
and fro motion to the frame p of the card cylinder by means of the rod S and
spring O.
Upon the cylinder carried by the frame p are the perforated paper cards. These
cards are formed into an endless chain and their holes correspond to the needles C,
sliding in a frame b. Against the rear ends of the needles bear the latches d by
gravity.
On the shaft B is a second cam m which by means of the lever k and the spring /
imparts to the shaft g and the bar ha to and fro movement. The bar h passes
under the beaks of the latches d so that all of these can be raised when the bar
rises. While the bar h is in its lowered position and is rising, the card cylinder
bears against the needles C and pushes all those backward that do not correspond
to a hole in the card, so that these are not raised by the bar, and all the corre-
sponding toothed wheels with cranks consequently also maintain their healds in the
lowered position, while those of which the latches are raised by the bar, effect the
raising of the healds.
The movements are precisely the same as described with reference to the first
arrangement.
In order to enable the shed to be closed on the one side, it is not necessary to
raise the toothed wheels D, and consequently also the levers H by means of a
special pusher, but the backward movement of the card cylinder frame is simply
stopped; for this purpose it is only necessary to raise a latch X so that a shoulder
in its slot bears against a fixed stud u.
This arrangement has the advantage that the motion of the cylinder is at the
same time stopped, so that when work is recommenced the cards are in correct
position and no fault can be made.
For enabling the shed to be closed at the middle, the backs of the latches are
provided with a second beak and the shaft g' carries a second bar so arranged
that the second beaks of the latches d pass over the bar h¹ when they remain
lowered. By means of the lever k' fixed to g¹ and h¹, all the latches that remain
lowered can be raised while the latches d that were raised are lowered. The
lever k¹ is connected by a spring V to the piece w which, as soon as the bar / has
been lowered, rises and prevents the bar and lever k from moving back
again; by this means all the healds which were in the upper shed will come into
the lower shed and those which were in the latter will rise into the upper shed.
The loom is stopped at the moment when the two sheds meet, thereby bringing
them all into the middle position, which is the most convenient one for adjusting
the threads.

page_text: On again moving the lever ¹ the parts are correctly started again for forming
the next shed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for producing figured weaving in looms of the kind known as
"Crompton" or "Knowles" apparatus, the substitution, for the usual roller cards
of light Jacquard cards operating in combination with needles c latches d pushers e,
and shaft g with bar substantially as herein described.
2. In the Jacquard apparatus referred to in the preceding claim, providing the
latches d with additional beaks operating in combination with the additional bar /
shaft g¹ lever k¹, for the purpose of bringing all the heald levers of the "Knowles"
mechanism into the middle position, substantially as herein described.
Dated this 6th day of March 1891.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.