matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING, BURNING, & COOLING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER CERAMIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th June 1856.-A communication.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD Loradoux BELLFORD, of 10, Bedford Street, Strand,
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING, BURNING, & COOLING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER
CERAMIC SUBSTANCES," "a communication," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist of a certain method, hereafter described, for
effecting the drying, burning, and cooling of ceramic substances in such
manner that the different changes from heat to cold, and vice versa, may be
perfectly graduated, thereby a great amount of breakage of the articles to be
baked is avoided; by this method the three operations are performed with great
economy, rapidity, and perfection.
The apparatus used consists, 1st, of two parallel tunnels or vaults, one of
which is used as an oven, and the other as a drying chamber or vault. On the
brick floor of these vaults is laid down a double line of 'rails, which is made to
slope in such manner that cars or waggons filled with ceramic substances may
move along without other locomotive power; the said oven having the furnace
placed at and across the lower extremity. Over and round the said vaults is
constructed another vault or channel, with rails laid down in the same manner;
this channel, which receives the waste heat from the furnace underneath, is

page_text: used for drying the materials to be baked. The cars filled with the said
materials are raised to the top or drying channels by a lifting platform; the
said drying channel may be divided into several chambers, and these latter
kept at various degrees of heat.
At the sides of the oven are a number of doors, by means of which any
obstructions on the rails may easily be cleared away. without-stoppage of the
operation. The two lower vaults are connected at the ends, and a turn-table
or moveable platform is used to make the cars pass from one vault into the
other. The channels may also be constructed of a circular continuous form.
The materials about to be sent into the drying channel may be placed in
wooden waggons, and after they are dried placed in iron waggons, and then
shifted into the baking channel; or the same iron waggons may be used
throughout the whole of the operations, thus saving time and manual labour in
moving.
Under the moveable platform is a pit to receive any material that may fall,
and thus keep the channel free from obstruction. The moveable platform may
be passed out of the cooling channel through a large iron door that is on the
side and at the commencement of the said cooling channel. A small passage
and a door affords entrance to the pit, from which the fallen materials may
be easily cleared away.
Along the burning channel are a number of valves, whh open into a flue
underneath communicating with the chimney, and allow the vapours, gases,
and superabundant heat to pass up the chimney."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TARTARIC AND CITRIC ACIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Alfred Pontifex and
George Henry Ogston at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th October 1856.
We, EDMUND ALFRED PONTIFEX, of Shoe Lane, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, and GEORGE HENRY OGSTON, of Greenwich, in the County of
Kent, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TARTARIC AND CITRIC ACIDS," to be as
follows:-
We decompose the tartars or argols in the ordinary way by means of
carbonate of lime or sulphuret of barium or any other method by means of
which an insoluble salt of tartaric acid is obtained, and after the tartaric acid
has been freed from the base with which it has been combined, we add to it
sufficient, sulphuret of barium to neutralize any excess of sulphuric acid
present, and we then add sufficient chloride of barium to decompose any
sulphate of lime that was either originally present in the argols or tartars, or
has been formed or dissolved during the before-mentioned processes. For
citric acid, after adding chalk to the lime juice, and decomposing the citrate
of lime so produced with sulphuric acid, we treat the solutions of citric acid as
before described with reference to tartaric acid.
MENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allan Macpherson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1856. A communication.
I, ALLAN MACPHERSON, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," a communication, to be
as follows:
I propose to combine the expansive forces of steam and air, and with this
combination to obtain as much power from twenty-five pounds of coke as is now
produced in the locomotive or other engine by the burning of one hundred
pounds or more of that article. I propose to form a reservoir for compressed
air near and below the furnace, and under the usual cylinder and pipes to pass
the air through the furnace, from whence it will proceed through conduits, and
form a junction with the steam, and will be thus combined used as a motor,
much in the ordinary manner, but with some mechanical additions to facilitate
the working.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PEARL BARLEY
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hay, of Hay's Mill, Leith, and James Hay, of
Edington Mill, Berwickshire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF PEARL BARLEY."
Sealed the 19th September 1856, and dated the 1st July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hay and James
Hay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st July 1856.
We, JOHN HAY, of Hay's Mill, Leith, and JAMES HAY, of Edington Mill,
Berwickshire, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PEARL BARLEY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the production of pearl
barley.
Heretofore it has been usual, in the production of pearl barley, to reduce
the barley to the size or fineness required at once, or by various stages, in a
barley mill. Now, our Invention consists in reducing barley between a pair
of millstones, after it has been first reduced, partly by a barley mill, and then
to finish in a barley mill, by which expedition and economy are obtained.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PARTITIONS OR BRATTICES' FOR COAL MINES AND OTHER UNDERGROUND WORKS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Coats at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
1856.
I, GEORGE COATS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Coal Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PARTITIONS OR BRATTICES' FOR COAL MINES AND OTHER UNDERGROUND
WORKS" to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the application and use of sheet iron or other thin
metal, or metallic composition instead of wood, canvass, or other costly and
objectionable material in the formation of the "brattices" or air divisions in
coal and other mines. Extremely thin sheet iron, either in its plain con-
dition or galvanised, is preferred for this purpose, as it is light, takes up little
space, is easily manageable, most effective and safe in use, and very durable;
but other metal or metallic composition may be applied for a similar purpose,
protected or not by a coating of paint or other preservative substance. This
adaptation of thin metal is obviously suitable for making divisions of various
kinds in coal mines and other underground works, as well as for ordinary
"brattice" work. The sheets may be fastened or held in position in various
ways.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTO- GRAPHY
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Fréderic Mayer, of 133, Regent Street, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTO-
GRAPHY."
Sealed the 11th July 1856, and dated the 8th May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Fréderic Mayer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th May 1856.
I, LOUIS FREDERIC MATER, of 133, Regent Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in substituting linen and other woven fabrics for the
ordinary materials, on the surface of which photographic images are deposited
or printed.
The surface of the said woven fabrics is prepared in the ordinary manner in
which the surface of paper and other materials have been hitherto prepared, so
as to render it susceptible of receiving an image by means of the photographic

page_text: process; and the process is carried on in the usual manner, except that the
chemical ingredients in ordinary-use for the purpose are varied in their pro-
portions, so as to adapt the process to the particular nature or character of the
fabric.
An APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING VAPOURS, FUMES, GASSES, AND SMOKE ARISING FROM CHEMICAL AND SMELT WORKS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Senior Atkinson at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1856.
I, EDWIN SENIOR ATKINSON, of Knottingley, in the County of York, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING VAPOURS, FUMES, GASSES, AND SMOKE ARISING FROM
CHEMICAL AND SMELT WORKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting a mechanical apparatus to the furnaces
in chemical works in which chemical compounds, bones, or animal matters are
treated, and also to the furnaces, hearths, &c. in which lead ores, lead slags, or
ashes, zinc, copper, mine, or other metalliferous compounds are manipulated,
roasted, calcined, or smelted, the said apparatus being designed for the purpose
of condensing and utilizing, either mixed or separately, any or all of the
vapours, gases, fumes, and smoke arising in the said chemical and smelt
works.
For this purposo I employ an apparatus of the following construction:-Ono
two, or more rotating fans in connection with a cistern or condenser, in which
I fix one, two, or more perforated or false floors, (or in some cases I use wire
gauze) placed one above the other at suitable distances asunder; each and all

page_text: of the above-mentioned floors are fixed above the pipe which is in connection
with the fan, or above where the pipe of the fan enters the aforesaid cistern.
Into this cistern I pour a quantity of water (or else a solution of sulphuric,
muriatic, or other cheap commercial acid, according to the nature of the fumes,
gases, vapours, or smoke to be condensed), and I continue to pour the said
water or acid until the topmost floor is covered over. When the above-
mentioned apparatus is placed in connection with the furnace to which it is to
be applied, and motion imparted to the fan or fans, the fumes, vapours, gases,
or smoke, as the case may be, are collected from the flue or flues of the said
furnace and inducted and forced into and below the surface of the water or
other absorbtive liquid contained in the cistern, whilst the perforated or wire
gauze floors divide and distribute the said fumes, &c. as they rise to the
surface of the water or other liquid, thus promoting their absorbtion and
condensation. In some cases I mix steam with the fumes, &c. either in the
flues or the fans to facilitate condensation.
The above apparatus may either be made of wood, or wood lined with lead,
or of iron, stone, slate, or other material, compound, or substance which is not
liable to be prejudicially effected by the fumes, vapours, gases, smoke, &c.
By the use of the above apparatus I obtain and utilize many useful products
adapted to the arts and to manufactures, or as a manure, which said pro-
ducts would otherwise be dissipated and lost, or would be found injurious to
vegetation or the public health.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE KEELS OF NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: nvention
Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Bower at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December 1856.
I, ALFRED BOWER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Broker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO THE KEELS OF NAVIGABLE VESSELS," to be as follows (that is to
say):-
The object of this Invention is to give vessels a greater "hold of the water"
to enable them to go more readily to "windward." To accomplish which it is
proposed to increase the width of the lower portion or base of the keel, so that
a channel or recess will be formed on each side of the keel, between the lower
edges of the keel and the "garboard streak" or bottom of the vessel, by attach-
ing to the vertical sides of the keel pieces of L or angle iron or timber, which
in vertical cross section will present a right angle triangle, or nearly so. These
angular projections on the sides of the keel are fitted thereto, so that their base
or lower sides are "flush" with the bottom of the keel, so that the lower portion
of the keel with its additions will in vertical cross section present an inverted T
or a truncated pyramidical form according to the shape of the side pieces applied.
The same object may be attained by attaching to the bottom or under side of
the keel plates of metal or timber, the outher edges of which project beyond
the sides of the keel; and if it were deemed desirable for the sake of strength,

page_text: angular pieces might be fitted between the upper sides of the projections and
the sides of the keel; or by forming the keel itself, so that, in vertical cross
section, it shall present in outline the same form or forms as the keel and its
additions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCUTCHING MACHINES
Year: 1856

page_text: 633 700
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th July 1856.-A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCUTCHING MACHINES," a communication from Charles
Leyherr, of Laval, in the Empire of France, Spinner, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of regulating the
admission of air into scutching machines during the process of scutching, so as
to facilitate the separation of foreign matters from the fibrous material, the
regulation being made according to the speed of the scutching or beating
drum, and the amount of fibrous material or thickness of web which is passed
through the machine.
. The improvement consists in the admission of air at two places completely
separated from each other at the under side of the drum. This may be effected
by making two openings in the concentric plate, which encloses the lower
portion of the drum. These openings are furnished with suitable regulating
or adjusting air valves or registers, and are separated from each other by a
suitable partition. The first of these openings is situated immediately below

page_text: the feeding roller in the ordinary manner, and the second opening is placed at
or near the bottom edge of the curved plate. According to the system at
present in use, where only the first opening is used, the strong current of air
which rushes in at that point has a tendency to force the dirt or foreign matter
which has been just loosened by the spikes of the drum farther into the cotton
or other fibrous material, and hence the cleaning process is not satisfactorily
carried out. But by diminishing the force of this current, and regulating it
according to the needs of the machine, the particles of foreign matter will be
effectually separated and removed as long as the force by which those matters
are expelled by the rotatory action of the drum is not overcome by the counter
action of the in-rushing current of air; a second opening is therefore made,
which may be regulated at pleasure by a sliding door or valve. A current of
air is thus established at the second opening, which may be made either to
diminish or entirely stop that at the first opening by suitably adjusting the
valve.
CERTAIN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING THE DENSITY OF WATER IN MARINE STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PREVENTING SALINE INCRUSTATION
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Louis Casartelli, Anthony
Casartelli, and Louis Casartelli at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th November 1856.
We, JOSEPH LOUIS CASARTELLI, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
and ANTHONY CASARTELLI, and LOUIS CASARTELLI, of Liverpool, in the same
County, Engineering Instrument Makers, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING THE
DENSITY OF WATER IN MARINE STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS FOR THE PURPOSE
OF PREVENTING SALINE INCRUSTATION," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a novel arrangement of guage or testing apparatus,
which we term a salinometer, to be applied to marine steam boilers, and employed
for the purpose of testing the water used in the said boilers, so as to keep.
the boilers free from the saline incrustation, by maintaining the same density
of the water or keeping it within a safe limit. The apparatus consists in two
tubes, the extremities of which are supported in two cocks or taps; upon one
of these taps is marked the word "blow," and upon the opposite one "limit."
Each tube contains a bead or float adjusted to certain gravities, that in the
tube "blow" being the lightest. As soon as the density of the water reaches
the gravity of the bead or float in the tube "blow," the bead will rise to the
surface of the water in the tube, thus indicating that more water may be let

page_text: into the boiler to compensate for the aqueous evaporation; but the float in the
tube "limit" will not rise until the density exceeds that of the float in the tube
"blow" to a certain degree. Upon the rise of the float in the tube "limit,"
it become imperative that water be supplied to the boiler in order to prevent
the water from becoming too dense with saline particles, the result of which
would be an incrustation of saline matter upon the interior surface of the
boiler. This instrument may either be used separately, or so arranged or
constructed as to combine the "salinometer" with ordinary water and steam
guages, or the "salinometer" may be used as the water guage, thus shewing
at a glance the height of the water in the boiler, its density and temperature,
and also the pressure of the steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Auguste Monnier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1856.
I, JOSEPH AUGUSTE MONNIER, of Marseilles, (Empire of France,) do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an arrangement of three levers connected with
other apparatus, whereby motive power is transmitted from one rotating shaft
to another.
A water wheel is fixed on the driving shaft, which is supplied by a suitable
sluice from a cistern or other head of water. This driving shaft has three
pullies fitted to it in such manner that they are alternately driven in the
direction of the driving shaft during a third part of a revolution, and then
allowed to run back. This fixing and releasing of the pullies is effected by
spring cotters or keys, which are thrown into gear at and during the proper
period of the revolution by fixed cams, and suitable rods or levers acting
thereon; a chain is attached to the long end of each of the three levers, each
clain being attached to its respective pulley on the main shaft. Each chain
is wound up at each partial revolution of its pulley, and thereby acting forcibly
on the levers. Chains passed over fixed pulleys and weighted are attached to

page_text: the levers, to cause them and the shaft pullies to perform the retrograde move-
ment. The opposite ends of the levers are furnished with palls or clawkers,
which alternately engage or take into toothed, cogged, or ratchet wheels
keyed on the shaft to which the power is to be transmitted. The alternate
action of these levers and clawkers propel the toothed wheel round a portion
of a revolution, and their combined action maintains a constant revolution of
the shaft. The rotary motion is multiplied and transmitted from this shaft
by spur or other gear to a second shaft fitted with a fly wheel. This shaft
drives a pump to pump up the water from the lower to the upper cistern, if
required to act again on the water wheel, and it communicate with any
other recipient of the motive power transmitted.
CERTAIN ARRANGE- MENTS OF MACHINERY FOR CONVERTING RECIPROCATING INTO ROTARY MOTION
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January
1856.
I, THOMAS HITT, of Tavistock Street, in the City of Westminster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN ARRANGE-
MENTS OF MACHINERY FOR CONVERTING RECIPROCATING INTO ROTARY MOTION " to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in connecting to a shaft, supported in suitable
bearings, two segmental plates. In communicating to and fro motion to these
plates, in fixing pauls on the inside of each plate, in a reverse direction, and
in causing the pauls of one segmental plate on the stroke in one direction, and
the pauls of the other segmental plate on the stroke in the contrary direction,
to gear into and drive a ratchet wheel placed between the two segmental plates.
This ratchet wheel has thus a rotary motion communicated to it. It is toothed
all round its periphery, and through a train of wheels may be made to com-
municate rotary motion for such purposes as may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING, SCOURING, AND CLEANSING PLAIN AND EMBROIDERED FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: application Jui
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Hodgkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August
1856.
I, ALFRED HODGKINSON, of Springfield Bleach Works, Belfast, in the
County of Antrim, in Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING, SCOURING, AND CLEANSING PLAIN
AND EMBROIDERED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved method of bleaching, scouring,
and cleansing plain and embroidered linen and cotton fabrics by the means
herein set forth. I steep the fabric for ten or twelve hours in a solution of
caustic soda, and black soap; I then pass it at width or otherwise through a
similar solution to the above at boiling heat, and immediately through one or
more mangles, squeezers, or squeezing rollers, made of wood or covered with
any other material placed in a horizontal or vertical position; in addition to
which I use circular or flat brushes, fixed in such a manner that they operate
upon the goods while passing through the rollers. I repeat the operation of
passing the goods through the solution and squeezing rollers until the em-
broidered work is thoroughly cleansed from the grease, dirt, and other im-
purities that have been imparted by the mechanical operation of sewing. I
afterwards proceed to bleach out the goods by the usual way.
IMPROVE- HENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SHIRTS AND OTHER GARMENTS, TOGETHER WITH AN IMPROVED TAG
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Marsden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September
1856.
I, CHARLES MARSDEN, of Kingsland Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
HENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SHIRTS AND OTHER GARMENTS, TOGETHER WITH AN
IMPROVED TAG," to be as follows:-
In my fastening I dispense with studs, buttons, or pins, and form it so, that
when applied to shirts and other garments which are washed, the whole
fastening may be washed with the garment.
For the sake of brevity, I propose to describe my fastening as applied to the
wristband and to the neck of a shirt.
The wristband fastening is composed of two thicknesses of linen or other
suitable fabric, stitched together at one side, so as to form as it were two
flaps; upon the under flap I sew or otherwise attach four or more cross
loops, and at one end of this under flap I secure one end of a piece of cord,
tape, or other suitable material; I then carry the cord through all the loops,
commencing at the opposite end of the flap, and in this state the fastening is
ready for attaching to the wristband. This is effected by stitching or sewing

page_text: the lower flap to the wristband, and when on, the wearer fastens the wristband
by turning back the upper flap, pulling the free end of the cord, passing it
round the wrist, and turning it under the cord, to form a loop or stop; or the
free end may be held by a metal stop; the wearer then turns down the upper
flap, and the cord is concealed from view. Instead of the under flap, the cross
loops and cord may be attached directly to the wristband, one flap being
required to hide the loops and cord.
The fastening for the neck of shirts is very similar to that just described.
It is attached from the back of the neck to a short distance down the side of
the neck, whereby all opening in front is avoided. Two pieces of strong tape,
or other suitable material, are attached to opposite sides of the opening left in
the shirt. On one piece of tape there are several single cross loops, and on the
other a like number of double cross loops, placed in such positions that when
both tapes are brought together each single loop shall lock or fit in between
each double loop. To that part of one tape which is to be at the extreme
back of the neck I secure one end of a piece of cord, or other like suitable
material, and lace it through the loops on each side alternately. When
applied to a shirt, and supposing the shirt to have been put on by the wearer,
he fastens it by pulling the free end of the cord; and as this must necessarily
be of great length, a pocket is provided for it in the side of the shirt.
My tag for passing the cord or lace through the loops, and which may be
used generally as a tag, is formed of a plate of metal, one end or side of which
is toothed, to take a firm nip on and hold of the cord or lace to which it is to
be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF FLAX
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hutton Leadbetter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
July 1856.
I, ROBERT HUTTON LEADBETTER, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF FLAX," to be as follows:-
I take flax straw, after being deprived of its gummy or other matter by
being digested in water at a high temperature, and then steep it at a tem-
perature of about 80° to 100° in flax steep water for about four days, the time
being determined by observation, and varies according to the temperature,
strength of steep water, and kind of straw. I then roll, dry, and scutch in the
usual manner, and thus produce flax of superior quality and strength.
AN IMPRESSIBLE MECHANISM, REPRODUCTIVE OF MOVEMENTS, AND APPLICABLE TO WEAVING AND OTHER LOOMS, AND FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Marzolo at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1856.
I, JOSEPH MARZOLO, of Padua, Organ Builder, now residing in Paris, in the
Empire of France, at Mr. Pold's, Sworn Interpreter, Rue de la Bourse, No. 3,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPRESSIBLE
MECHANISM, REPRODUCTIVE OF MOVEMENTS, AND APPLICABLE TO WEAVING AND
OTHER LOOMS, AND FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
For producing any required design to be woven, I use a cylinder with spiral
or circular grooves, into which grooves I fix small blades or pins, moving on
their centres within the grooves, and projecting from the surface of the
cylinder. I have also a key-board similar to a piano, each key being num-
bered; these keys when pressed act upon levers, which are also numbered to
correspond with the keys. The extreme end of each lever is fitted with a
projecting stud which presses against any of the said blades.or pins (according
to the design required,) and impresses or makes an indent every motion of any
of the said levers. It is evident that I can adapt this principle to plane
surfaces as well as cylinders. The nature of my said Invention will be more
clearly understood by reference to the accompanying outline Drawing, in which
A represents the metallic cylinder with the small pins or blades fixed in the
spiral or circular grooves. The said pins or blades may be made of any

page_text: suitable metal or material, but I prefer steel as most suitable; B, the metallic
key-board; C, the arrangement of levers connected with the keys of the said
key-board, the ends of which levers act upon the spiral or circular lines of the
cylinder; D, a readjuster made in the form of a comb, with as many teeth as
there are spaces or intervals between the projecting lines on the cylinder,
which teeth are of a wedged shape. The said comb being pressed against the
cylinder during its rotary motion restores all the blades or pins to their
original position. By the addition of a secondary arrangement of levers in
connection with those already described, I obtain a similar movement
applicable to another frame or loom, by which I produce an inverted Drawing.

page_text: B
1-
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2
2
12
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12
13
13
H
15.
16
17
18
13
20
21
221
20
24.
24.
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27
JO
31
20
10
31
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59
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36
36
SUGAR 37 CH
IMPROVI- MENTS IN DRIVING BELTS, STRAPS, OR BANDS FOR MACHINERY, AND IN THE APPLICATION AND USE THEREOF
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James, Earl of Caithness, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1856.
I, JAMES, Earl of CAITHNESS, of Barrogill Castle, in tho County o Caithness.
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVI-
MENTS IN DRIVING BELTS, STRAPS, OR BANDS FOR MACHINERY, AND IN THE
APPLICATION AND USE THEREOF," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the application and use of sheet metal, such as
iron, steel, brass, composition, and other metal, for the formation of driving
belts or bands of various kinds for all classes of machinery, and particularly for
machinery to be used for sawing, cutting, or dressing stone. Such belts or
bands can be made endless without any objectionable junction portions, and
they answer particularly well for driving belt pulleys instead of leather and
other materials hitherto usually employed for such purposes.
Metallic belts or bands work well as regards their adhesive power, and they
are extremely lasting. In particular, when applied for driving stone, sawing
machinery, and other apparatus or mechanical movements, such belts are
especially serviceable, as they are proof against injury from the general rough
usage to which such machinery is ordinarily subjected. The presence of
undue moisture, sand, and foreign matters, as well as severe alternations
of temperature, are scarcely felt when such belts are used. Such belts or

page_text: bands may be judiciously applied for all or most purposes for which leather
and other belts are generally used, but they are especially suited for exposed
work and in situations where it is impossible to screen the parts from sand and
other foreign matters.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mannor Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1856.
I, MANNOR BROWNE, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the improved formation of shirts, so that
each shirt may have more than one "front," "collar," and pair of wristbands
(these being the only parts which do really get soiled within a reasonable
period), whereby the necessity for daily or frequently putting on an entire fresh
shirt will become unnecessary; and whereby also emigrants, travellers, and
others will be enabled to have a sufficient stock of linen for a small outlay,
which will last for a lengthened period, and which will occupy a much smaller
space than hitherto.
The following are some of the means for effectuating the Invention :-
In the place where the shirt "front" is usually sewed in or permanently
secured to the shirt, I have a vacant space, at the two sides of which are to be
stout edges or "flies," with buttons or other fasteners attached. To fit in this
vacant place, I provide suitable and varied shirt "fronts," with button holes or
appliances corresponding with the arrangements for fastening to the edges or
"flies" aforesaid, whereby the said fronts may be easily and nicely attached to
and detached from the said shirt.

page_text: Instead of the space for the shirt front being wholly vacant, it may have in
it a piece of plain suitable fabric; and instead of having one vacant space for
a "front," there might be two, one at the back and one at the front, with
the collar suitably arranged. Again, in lieu of having vacant spaces for
moveable "fronts," I can partially effect the objects first mentioned by having
a double-fronted shirt; that is, in addition to the usual front, I can have a
second front (which I prefer to make of a fine thin fabric), fitted to the shirt
like two flaps or wing pieces, which being folded back when soiled will exhibit
the said usual fronts as seen in ordinary shirts. Any known, or suitable
arrangements for moveable "collars" and "wristbands" may be adopted.
A NEW METHOD OF MAKING-UP COTTON, LINEN, SILK, WOOLLEN, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS, WHETHER WATERPROOFED OR NOT, INTO WEARING APPAREL, HORSE CLOTHING, TENTS, TILTS, AND ALL OTHER ARTICLES OR THINGS FOR WHICH SUCH FABRICS ARE USED, BY WHICH METHOD THE ARTICLE OR THING WHEN MADE UP AND WORN IS PERFECTLY VEN- TILATED
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Powell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1856.
I, ROBERT POWELL, of Number 2, Peters Place, Saint Martins Lane, in
the Parish of Saint Martin in the Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Tailor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for A NEW METHOD OF
MAKING-UP COTTON, LINEN, SILK, WOOLLEN, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS, WHETHER
WATERPROOFED OR NOT, INTO WEARING APPAREL, HORSE CLOTHING, TENTS, TILTS,
AND ALL OTHER ARTICLES OR THINGS FOR WHICH SUCH FABRICS ARE USED, BY WHICH
METHOD THE ARTICLE OR THING WHEN MADE UP AND WORN IS PERFECTLY VEN-
TILATED, to be as follows, that is to say:-
That the ventilation of the article to be made is effected by punching or
making holes in the material to be used in such part or parts of the article
to be made as perspiration or moisture is most likely to accumulate, and pro-
tecting the holes so punched or made, either by stitching them round with
thread, silk, or cotton, or otherwise, by inserting brass or other metal oilet
holes, and in the outside of the article to be made; further protecting the holes
so punched or made from the admission of wet or damp, by placing over them
either a lapping seam, fold, or a trimming of sufficient width to cover the holes
so punched or made, such lapping, scam, fold, or trimming, whichever may be

page_text: used, to be fastened to the article or thing to be made in one edge or side only,
the other edge or side being left entirely unattached; or, if the lapping, seam,
fold, or trimming shall be liable in the course of time to be rubbed, worn,
thrown, or pulled back, then and then only to attach the side of the lapping,
seam, fold, or trimming so to be left open to the article or thing to be
made up at such intervals as the shape or nature of the article or thing to be
made up may require for preventing the said lapping, seam, fold, or trimming
from being rubbed, worn, thrown, or pulled back.
CERTAIN IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS AND TILES FROM CLAY ALONE, OR MIXED WITH OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Burstall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1856.
I, THOMAS BURSTALL, of Southall, in the County of Middlesex, Civil En-
gineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS AND TILES FROM CLAY ALONE,
OR MIXED WITH OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of additions to the Invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to me under the title of "Certain improved machinery for
manufacturing bricks and other articles from clay alone, or mixed with other
materials," dated December the 1st, 1851, in which I use disintegrated or
pulverized clay, and press it into bricks or articles by the elastic pressure of
steam, either by direct action of a piston working in a cylinder, or by com-
bination of a steam pressure and levers, or other mechanical powers, giving
pressure to one side of the brick only. Now, my present improvement consists
in manufacturing bricks and tiles from disentigrated clay, by the use of an
elastic pressure on one side of the brick or tile, and the pressure on the other
side, by means of a crank, or lever, or other mechanical power driven by
machinery, the pressure being given simultaneously by both, the steam and
crank (or other pressure) being connected to plungers working in dies of the
proper shape for forming the brick or article to be made, and, working in
unison, press both sides of it, the object in view being to give an equal pressure
to the top and bottom.

page_text: The whole of the operations of preparing the clay, the filling the moulds,
and the delivery of the brick or other article, are similar to the operations
stated in the Specification of my Patent above named, regard being had to
the improved machinery; and I do not consider these operations as new, or
intend to claim them as part of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Bamford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th September
1856.
I, ROBERT BAMFORD, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of securing the reeds
employed in looms for weaving to the slay cap, whereby the reeds may be more
readily changed than can be effected with the ordinary mode of securing them.
According to this Invention, the head of the reed is held in the slay cap by
means of a metal or other bar, which may or may not extend the entire length
of the slay. One edge of this bar is made to project under the head of the
reed, which fits into a longitudinal groove in the under side of the slay cap, in
the ordinary manner; but in place of the bar being fixed to the cap, it is made
to slide back at right angles to the length of the slay, in order to release the
reed when a change is required, and this sliding action is obtained by simply
attaching the bar to the under side of the slay cap by means of screws passed
through slots in the bar, such slots being of sufficient length to allow of the
bar being drawn back far enough to release the head of the reed.
In order to secure a fresh reed the bar has simply to be pushed forward

page_text: again, when it will at once lock the reed head inside the groove in the
slay cap. This mode of securing the reed to the slay cap is obviously equally
applicable either to fast or loose reeds.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF GENERATING STEAM, AND APPLYING IT FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Leigh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July 1856.-
Partly a communication.
I, EVAN LEIGH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF GENERATING STEAM, AND APPLYING IT FOR
THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:—
The first part of the said improvements, being my own Invention, consists
of a mode or method of recovering a portion of the waste heat in its passage
to the chimney, and returning it to the fires, which I accomplish by inserting
pipes in that part of the flue or flues which leads to the chimney after having
passed the boilers. The said pipes are open to the atmosphere at one end, the
other end terminating in the ash-pit of the fire-place, which is closed. The
effect produced by this arrangement is, that the fire is fed with air heated to
several hundred degrees, instead of air at the ordinary temperature of the
atmosphere, by which a considerable saving of fuel is effected. This part of
the said improvements will be understood by reference to the accompanying
outline Drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, shewing the air
pipes and part of a flue leading to the chimney; Fig. 2 is a transverse section
of the flue and air pipes. The chimney. is represented at a, the flue at b,
and the air pipes at c. The air enters at d, and passing through the pipes in
the flue,-becomes-heated. The other ends of the pipes may either pass into

page_text: the ash-pit or other convenient position, and thus supply heated air to the
furnace.
The second part of the said improvements, as communicated to me from
abroad, relates to a mode or method of economizing fuel used for low-pressure
engines by the employment of an auxiliary high-pressure engine, the exhaust
steam from which is employed in heating the whole of the feed water for the
consumption of both of them. The size of the high-pressure engine to be
regulated by the quantity of water required to be heated to the boiling point
in supplying one or more low-pressure engines, so that no waste steam is
blown into the atmosphere, but. is all absorbed by the feed water required to
be heated. The greater the pressure of the steam used, the greater will be
the advantages obtained, by cutting off at such part of the stroke as will just
absorb the steam ejected by the auxiliary engine.
A NEW PROCESS OF TREATING, SMELTING, AND REFINING COPPER, TIN, AND OTHER REFRACTORY METALLIC ORES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Robert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1856.
I, ALEXANDRE ROBERT, of La Villette, near Paris, France, Metal Refiner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW PROCESS OF
TREATING, SMELTING, AND REFINING COPPER, TIN, AND OTHER REFRACTORY METALLIC
ORES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in mixing refractory or other metallic ores in a
powdered state with that kind of clay called marl, previously diluted with
water, so as to be brought to a plastic state; this mixture is then to be
placed in a suitable smelting furnace, and heated by burning coke. By this
means the finer portion of the metal is easily separated from impurities.
A MACHINE FOR CUTTING ARTICLES OF POLYGONAL FIGURE IN WOOD OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexandre Tolhausen, of No. 7, Duke Street, Adelphi,
London, County of Middlesex, Sworn Interpreter at the Imperial Court
of Paris, for the Invention of "A MACHINE FOR CUTTING ARTICLES OF
POLYGONAL FIGURE IN WOOD OR OTHER MATERIAL."-A communication from
Andrew Stoeckel, of New York, U.S.
Sealed the 29th July 1856, and dated the 15th February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexandre Tolhausen, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th February 1856.
I, ALEXANDRE TOLHAUSEN, of No. 7, Duke St., Adelphi, London, County
of Middlesex, Sworn Interpreter at the Imperial Court of Paris, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE FOR CUTTING ARTICLES
OF POLYGONAL FIGURE IN WOOD OR OTHER MATERIAL," being a communication
from Andrew Stoeckel, of New York, U.S., to be as follows:-
In this machinery.the "stuff is first turned under the guidance of a pattern
to a form, the longitudinal profile of which resembles the intended longitudinal
profile of the polygonal figure to be produced, & is afterwards brought to the
polygonal form by a longitudinal planing operation, effected by rotary cutters,
which act upon it under the guidance of the same pattern, without taking it out
of the centres in which the turning operation was performed.