IMPROVEMENTS IN to be as OR APPLICABLE TO PISTONS, PUMP BUCKETS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS USES follows
Year: 1885

page_text: I, WILLIAM LOCKWOOD, of Eagle Foundry, Lord Street, Park, Sheffield, Engineer,
, Day, Davies & Hunt, Patent Agents, 321, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
to be as
OR APPLICABLE TO PISTONS, PUMP BUCKETS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS USES
follows:-
وو
This Invention relates to certain improvements which are especially applicable to
pistons and pump buckets, though they are also applicable to piston rods and other
analogous uses.
The improvements will be described hereinafter as applied to a piston, to which
they are most advantageously applicable, it being understood that their application
to pump buckets, piston rods, and other analogous uses to which they are also
applicable merely necessitates such modifications as may be required by the different
construction or formation of the parts to which they may be applied.
In accordance with the present improvements the pistons are formed or provided
with self expanding rings of an improved formation, and the object of which is to
avoid the necessity of separate expanding springs and piston rings;-and to form
a combined spring and ring of inexpensive construction, and which will reduce the
initial cost by dispensing with the need or cost of separate springs and rings, and
will be dependent for its efficient action as a steam tight ring upon its own radial
and longitudinal expansion.
The said self expanding piston ring is made of a helical formation of brass steel
or other suitable metal or material, its ends being properly rolled or formed so that
on its being placed within the cylinder for which it is intended and compressed
together by the end covers of the piston it will form and act as one continuous
ring and will circumferentially properly fit such cylinder and will have its ends
truly parallel with each other.
I am aware that it has formerly been proposed to construct springs for expanding
piston rings of a helical formation, in which cases the successive helices have
simply rested edgewise upon each other, but the distinctive peculiarities of the
present improvements consist in so forming the successive helices as that they

page_text: overlap each other or interlock the one with the other and avoid any direct through
joint between the adjacent belices, while at the same time they preserve a truly
cylindrical outward circumference; and also, if desired, but which is not so
important, a truly cylindrical inward circumference; and in the use of such
improved spring rings, or of such rings otherwise equivalently formed of a helical
formation with their outer circumference in contact with the interior surface of the
cylinder continuously throughout their length, for the purpose of acting as self
expansive piston rings without requiring any inner or separate expansive springs.
This improved formation is further advantageous in that it prevents any one or
more of the helices of the ring from being differently affected than any of the others
by the steam pressure, and causes the adjacent helices of the ring to mutually
support each other, and the joints between the successive helices to be perfectly
steam tight. To obtain these advantages, the ring is made of a double formation,
that is, it is rolled or otherwise formed with inner and outer parallel flanges or
helices the outer one of which is preferably of greater thickness than the inner
Bange of the ring; and which flanges at their meeting edges or parts are united or
formed solid and together form the thickness, of the ring; there is thus formed a
ledge on both the inner and the outer sides of the ring, and upon or against which
ledges the tanges of. the adjacent helices.of.the ring bear, in such a manner as that
the iterent flanges of the adjacent helices overlap each other, and thus form a
double turned and perfectly tight joint of a Z or analogous formation between the
adjacent helices of the ring.
The improved self expansive ring may be rolled of a trough shape and longi-
tudinally cut centrally of its width, and as hercin before mentioned it may be applied
to other analogous uses.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn; London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: --בע
I, WILLIAM LOCKWOOD, of Eagle Foundry, Lord Street, Park, Sheffield, Engineer,
/ Day, Davies & Hunt, Patent Agents, 321, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO PISTONS, PUMP BUCKETS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS USES," and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in or applicable to pistons,
pump buckets, piston rods, and other analogous uses (hereinafter intended to be
comprehended where the word "piston" alone occurs,) has especial reference to
that class of piston springs or spring packing rings (hereinafter intended to be
comprehended where the word "packing" occurs,) which are made of a continuous
helical formation, and are made either for expanding separate packing rings or as
self-expansive or self-contractive packing rings.
As hitherto constructed the successive helices of such packing have been formed
with a straight edge, with a straight through joiut, and have simply rested
edgewise upon each other when in position and use, and as thus formed they are
very liable to slip and to have an undesirable freedom of movement edgewise and
independent of each other while the vertical height of the spring remains the same,
so that should the steam pressure gain access to any part of the packing it is not
supported by any other part thereof and is liable to yield.
The special objects of the present improvements are to prevent any one or more
of the helices of packing of this construction from being differently affected than
any other or others thereof by the steam or other pressure, and to cause the
adjacent helices to mutually support each other and to make perfectly tight joints
between them.
To this end the Invention consists in so constructing such helical packing as that
the successive or adjacent helices thereof overlap or interlock with each other in
such a manner as to prevent any direct through joint between them, and all
possibility of the adjacent helices slipping edgewise or having such freedom of
independent movement as aforesaid, when in position and in use, and so that at
such time they shall be caused to preserve a truly cylindrical outer circumference,
and, if desired for piston rods and analogous uses, a truly cylindrical inner
circumference.
One modification of carrying this said Invention into practice is illustrated on
the accompanying drawings, in which Fig; 1, represents a perspective view of the
improved packing in its distended or opened condition. Figs; 2, and, 3, represent
sectional views of the same, respectively in its distended, and in its operative
condition, the improved packing being shown in the latter Figure as applied to a
piston. Figs; 4, 5, and, 6, are detail views and are hereinafter referred to.
1, represents the packing, which may be made of brass, steel, or other suitable
metal or material. It is rolled, turned or otherwise suitably formed of a helical
formation with its ends, 2, properly formed so that on its being circumferentially
I

page_text: compressed and placed within the cylinder or part, 3, for which it is intended and
vertically compressed together by the end covers, 4, of the piston, 15, or part to
which it is applied, as represented in Fig; 3; it will form and act as one continuous
self-expansive packing ring, and will circumferentially properly fit such cylinder,
and will have its ends truly parallel with each other.
The modification of the said Invention which the said Figures of the accompanying
drawings illustrate, represents the improved packing as made of a double formation,
that is, with inner and outer parallel flanges or helices, 6, 7, (the outer flange being
preferably of the greater thickness) and which at their meeting edges or parts, 8,
are united or formed solid, and together form the thickness of the packing as can be
most clearly seen in Figs; 2, and, 3; there is thus formed a ledge, 9, on both the
inner and outer sides of the packing, and upon or against which ledges the
flanges, 6, 7, of the adjacent helices of the packing when in operative position
bear, in such a manner as that the different flanges, 6, 7, of the adjacent helices
overlap each other, as best seen in Fig; 3, and thus form a double turned and
perfectly tight joint of a Z or analogous formation between the adjacent helices of
the packing. This improved form of packing may be rolled of a trough shape
and longitudinally cut centrally of its width, and as herein before mentioned it may
be applied to other analogous uses.
In adapting the improved packing to piston rods or analogous uses, it is distended
before being placed on the rod, and effects the intended object by contracting about
the same,
The improved packing may be rolled of any required length exceeding one
complete turn, or any required depth of packing may be obtained by using separate
packings of like construction and inserting between their adjacent edges segmental
pieces of a wavy form of spring, 10, substantially of the formation delineated in
Figs; 4, and, 5, or of any other form having a like action vertically.
Packing made in accordance with the principle of the present Invention may be
made in various sections, some of which are illustrated in Figs; 6.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. Constructing helical packing in such a manner as that the successive or
adjacent helices thereof overlap or interlock with each other in such a manner as
to prevent any direct through joint between them, and as to cause them to preserve
truly cylindrical circumferences when in position and in use, substantially as
herein before described.
2. The application of packing substantially of the improved formation hercin-
before described to pistons, pump-buckets, piston rods, and other analogous uses.
Dated this Oth day of June 1885.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.