IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANISHING, LEVELLING, AND CREASING FRYING PANS AND OTHER METALLIC ARTICLES, AND IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THOSE PURPOSES."
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel James Fellows and Edgar Fellows,
both of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Hollow Ware
Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANISHING,
LEVELLING, AND CREASING FRYING PANS AND OTHER METALLIC ARTICLES, AND
IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THOSE PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel James Fellows
and Edgar Fellows at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th June 1870.
We, SAMUEL JAMES FELLOWs and EDGAR FELLOWS, both of Wolver-
hampton, in the County of Stafford, Hollow Ware Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLANISHING, LEVELLING, AND CREASING FRYING PANS AND OTHER METALLIC
ARTICLES, AND IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THOSE PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
21
matallia

page_text: said planishing, levelling, and creasing, the pan or article being moved
on an anvil under the hammers, and receiving at different parts the
blows of the said hammers, so as to planish and level the surface of the
said pan or article and produce the required crease or well defined angle
where the side starts from the bottom of the pan or article. By this
process the levelling of the bottom of the pan or article is imperfectly
effected in consequence of the action of the single hammer causing one
part of the pan or article to buckle or rise while it is operating upon
another part.
Our Invention consists in planishing, levelling, and creasing frying
pans and other metallic articles by the method and tools herein-after
described, whereby the defect before referred to is obviated, and the
planishing, levelling, and creasing are performed more economically than
by the ordinary method.
Our said Invention consists in planishing, levelling, and creasing
frying pans and other metallic articles by means of a combination of
hammers instead of by single hammers, the number of hammers being
such as to extend by preference over the whole area of the pan or article
it is wished to planish, level, and crease. We make the said combined
hammers in the form of a die or dies, and connect it or them to the ram
or plunger of an ordinary steam hammer or stamp, or to a hand stamp
or hammer, or we fix a series of separate hammers in a holder secured
to the ram or plunger. By one or a series of blows given by the said
steam or other hammer or stamp the series of hammers or combined
planishing, levelling, and creasing die or tool levels and renders even
the surface of the pan or article, and at the same time creases the
or article and produces simultaneously a number of bright planished
marks or impressions on the pan or article. The bed of the steam or
other hammer or stamp is provided with a die or tool in which the pan
or article is placed and held during the planishing, levelling, and
creasing process.
pan
Although we prefer to use a series of hammers sufficient to cover the
whole area of the article to be operated upon, yet a less number may be
employed. In this case the article has to be moved under the hammers
so as to expose all parts of it to the action of the said hammers.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel James Fellows and Edgar Fellows in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th December 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL.
JAMES FELLOWS and EDGAR FELLOWS, both of Wolverhampton, in the
County of Stafford, Hollow Ware Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Samuel James Fellows and Edgar Fellows
Her special licence that we, the said Samuel James Fellows and Edgar
Fellows, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Samuel James Fellows and Edgar Fellows, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLANISHING, LEVELLING, AND CREASING FRYING PANS AND OTHER METALLIC
ARTICLES, AND IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THOSE PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Samuel James Fellows
and Edgar Fellows, our exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel James Fellows, on behalf
of myself and the said Edgar Fellows, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
In planishing, levelling, and creasing frying pans and other metallic
articles in the ordinary way, single hammers are employed to effect the

page_text: said planishing, levelling, and creasing, the pan or article being moved
on an anvil under the hammers and receiving at different parts the blows
of the said hammers so as to planish and level the surface of the said
pan or article and produce the required crease or well defined angle
where the side starts from the bottom of the pan or article. By this :
process the levelling of the bottom of the pan or article is imperfectly
effected in consequence of the action of the single hammer causing
one part of the pan or article to buckle or rise while it is operating
upon another part.
Our Invention consists in planishing, levelling, and creasing frying
pans and other metallic articles by the method and tools herein-after
described, whereby the defect before referred to is obviated, and the
planishing, levelling, and creasing are performed more economically
than by the ordinary method.
Our said Invention consists in planishing, levelling, and creasing frying
pans and other metallic articles by means of a combination of hammers
instead of by single hammers, the number of hammers being such as
to extend by preference over the whole area of the pan or article it is
wished to planish, level, and crease. We make the said combined
hammers in the form of a die or dies, and connect it or them to the
ram or plunger of an ordinary steam hammer or stamp, or to a hand
stamp or hammer, or we fix a series of separate hammers in a
holder secured to the ram or plunger. By one or a series of blows
given by the said steam or other hammer or stamp the series of
bammers or combined planishing, levelling, and creasing die or tool
levels and renders even the surface of the pan or article, and at the
same time creases the pan or article and produces simultaneously a
number of bright planished marks or impressions on the pan or article.
The bed of the stean or other hammer or stamp is provided with a die,
tool, or anvil on which the pan or article is placed and held during the
planishing, levelling, and creasing process or processes.
Although we prefer to use a series of hammers sufficient to cover the
whole area of the article to be operated upon yet a less number may be
employed. In this case the article has to be moved under the hammers
so as to expose all parts of it to the action of the said hammers.
Having explained the nature of our Invention, we will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in
which the same is to be performed.

page_text: Figure 1 represents in front elevation a portion of a steam hammer to
the ram of which a combined planishing, levelling, and creasing die or
tool, constructed according to our Invention is applied. Figure 2 repre-
sents in plan of under side, and Figure 3 in vertical section the combined
hammers or die or tool detached from the steam hammer, drawn of the.
full size. The series of hammers of the combined planishing, levelling,
and creasing die or tool are marked a, a, and are fixed in the block or
holder b, the said block or holder 6 being secured by the screw pins and
nuts at c to the ram d of the steam hammer. The series of hammers a
extend over the whole area of the bottom of the pan (or other article) to
be planished, levelled, and creased. The holder or block 6 is made of iron,
and has formed in its under side a series of holes in which the cylindrical
or partly cylindrical hammers a accurately fit, the said hammers a
being fixed in the holes in the holder 6 by being driven therein.
Fixed to the holder bis the creasing tool d, by which the crease or
angle at the junction of the side with the bottom of the pan is produced
or perfected. This creasing tool d has an annular figure, and is situated
The
beyond the outer hammers of the combination of hammers a.
acting part of the creasing tool d has the same inclination as the side of
the frying pan, and the crease or well defined angle is made around the
pan at the point where the said acting part starts from the outer sides
of the external hammers of the series, as will be understood by an
examination of Figure 3. On the bed of the steam hammer is an
anvil e, upon which the frying pan f is placed and supported, the said
5 anvil consisting of a conical block of iron, the face or surface of which
is made of steel. The frying pan accurately fits the said anvil.
The frying pan f to be finished or perfected having been placed on
the anvil e the combined planishing, levelling, and creasing tool a, b, d,
worked by the steam hammer is brought down one or more times upon
0 the said pan so as to effect the simultaneous planishing, levelling, and
creasing of the said pan, the levelling of the surface and the for-
mation of the bright planished marks or impressions on the bottom
of the pan being effected by the series of hammers a, a, and the
creasing being effected by the annular creasing tool d. By thus per-
5 forming the processes of levelling, planishing, and creasing by the use of
our Invention great saving of labour is effected, and the said processes
are performed more perfectly than by the use of single hammers as
ordinarily practised.

page_text: The combined hammers of the die or tool may be used without the
creasing tool represented.
Where a combination of hammers is employed which do not cover the
whole of the area of the pan or article, the said pan or article is moved
under the combined hammers to expose the whole of the said pan or
article to their action.
Instead of a series of separate hammers fixed in a holder as represented
in the Drawing, the hammers of the compound die or tool may be made
in one piece with or form part of the block, the die or tool in this case
being either made wholly of steel or partly of steel and partly of iron.
When the compound die is made wholly of steel, we take a solid block
of steel, and from the face of the said block we turn or otherwise make
the series of hammers a, a, the said hammers however being made shorter
than those represented. When we make the compound die or tool partly
of steel and partly of iron we place the series of steel hammers a, a,
in their proper relative positions in a mould and cast upon them
melted iron, so as to embed the said steel hammers in a block of iron.
The compound die or tool thus made, consisting of a block on the face of
which the hammers are formed or in which they are embedded, is fixed
to the steam or other hammer or stamp in the manner before described.
The metallic articles besides frying pans to the planishing, levelling, and
creasing of which our Invention is particularly applicable are stew pans,
bake pans, and bowls.
Instead of a steam hammer the combined hammers or planishing,
levelling, and creasing tool may be actuated by a steam stamp, or by a
stamp or hammer worked by hand.
Having now described the nature of our Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we
do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of our Invention.
But we claim as our Invention the improvements in planishing,
levelling, and creasing frying pans and other metallic articles, and in
tools or apparatus employed for those purposes, herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say,
planishing, levelling, and creasing frying pans and other metallic articles
by means of a compound planishing, levelling, and creasing die or tool,
consisting of a series of hammers made to cover wholly or partially the

page_text: pan or article operated upon either in conjunction with or without an
annular creasing tool, by the use of which compound planishing,
levelling, and creasing die or tool the processes of planishing, levelling,
and creasing are simultaneously, economically, and perfectly performed,
substantially as described and illustrated. Also the combination or
arrangement described and illustrated of the tools or apparatus used in
the said planishing, levelling, and creasing processes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel James Fellows, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
SAMUEL JAMES FELLOWS. (L.S.)
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.