IMPROVEMENTS of IN STEAM. BOILERS OR GENERATORS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John William Kenyon, of Manchester, in the
"IMPROVEMENTS
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of
IN STEAM. BOILERS OR GENERATORS.""
Sealed the 24th. February 1871, and dated the 5th November 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John William Kenyon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th November: 1870..
I, JOHN WILLIAM KENYON,. of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
5 caster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM, BOLLERS. OR GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
0
My Invention relates to steam generators of the sectional class, that
is to say, to such generators as are composed of a number of similar
parts or portions connected together..
In the steam generator constructed in manner according with my
Invention the sections or parts consist of upright or nearly upright
tubes, and the portion of cach section which is exposed to the action of

page_text: I
the fire is formed of a conical shape, that is to say, in the form of a
frustrum of a cone, the larger diameter of the cone being upwards. The
upper part of cach section is covered in a suitable manner, and the
various sections are connected together at their upper and lower ends..
When carrying my Invention into effect I prefer to form a portion of
the upper end of each section in continuation of the aforesaid conical
portion of a cylindrical shape. The upper end of this said cylindrical
portion I form with a flanch, or I affix a flanch thereto, to which said
flanch I bolt or rivet a hemispherical, conical, or other shaped end or
cover, which may be made of cast iron, and in the said cover I form a
man-hole fitted with a suitable cover, and I also provide means for con-
necting the sections together as aforesaid, or with a steam chamber, as
will be mentioned hereafter. I combine as many sections together as
may be required, and I connect the whole of their lower ends together
by means of pipes, through which the feed water may be admitted and
the mud or sediment may be discharged, and I connect the upper ends
of the said sections with a steam chamber or reservoir of a cylindrical or
other suitable form, and I fit the exit orifice of the said chamber with
an anti-primer, that is to say, with a pipe perforated on the upper side.
arrange the said sections in rows, the sections in any one row being by
preference in a line with the spaces between the sections in the rows
immediately adjacent, and I so mount the said sections in the flues or
combustion chamber or chambers as that the upper and lower ends of
the said sections shall not be exposed to the direct action of the firc,
and shall be readily accessible for examination. The said combustion
chamber is, by preference, so divided by horizontal and vertial partitions
as that the products of combustion from the furnace or furnaces shall
first come into contact with the upper portions of the exposed surfaces
of the sections, and shall then descend and come into contact with the
lower portions thereof, flowing through one division of the lower fluc or
space towards the furnace, and returning through the other division to
the chimney. This arrangement may be modified to suit varying cir-
cumstances. The generator may be supplied with the usual or suitable
fittings or mountings. In order to prevent radiation of heat from the
upper part or crown of the furnace chamber I sometimes introduce a
lining of fire-resisting substance or material over the top and on the
sides of the said furnace; or I arrange below the crown of the furnace
a range or series of metal pipes or tubes to contain water, the said pipes

page_text: being in communication with the feed pipes and with the steam chamber,
or the feed water may be caused to flow through the said pipes before
entering the aforesaid sections.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John William Kenyon in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 6th April 1871..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WILLIAM KENYON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John William Kenyon, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John William
Kenyon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS," upon the condition,
amongst others, that I, the said John William Kenyon, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
«
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John William Kenyon, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is:
to say:
-
My Invention relates to steam generators of the sectional class, that
is to say, to such generators as are composed of a number of similar
parts or portions connected together.

page_text: In the steam generator constructed in manner according with my.
Invention the sections or parts consist of upright or nearly upright
tubes, and the portion of each section which is exposed to the action of:
the fire is formed of a conical shape, that is to say, in the form of a
frustrum of a cone, the larger diameter of the cone being upwards. The
upper part of each section is covered or closed in a suitable manner, and
the various sections are connected together at their upper and lower
ends.
When carrying my Invention into effect I prefer to form a portion of
the upper end of each section in continuation of the aforesaid conical
portion of a cylindrical shape. The upper end of this said cylindrical
portion I sometimes form with a flanch, or affix a flanch thereto, to
which said flanch I bolt or rivet a hemispherical, conical, or other
shaped end, which may be made of cast iron, and in the said end I form
a man-hole fitted with a suitable cover, and I also provide means for
connecting the sections together as aforesaid, or with a steam chamber,
as will be mentioned herein-after.
And in order that the said Invention may be well understood I have
supplied to accompany this Specification a Sheet of Drawings, made to a
scale of about one-half inch to the foot, and marked with letters of
reference, similar letters indicating corresponding parts in the various
Figures, to which Drawings I will in this place refer.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, Fig. 2 is a plan, and Fig. 3
is a cross sectional elevation of a steam generator composed of a number
of the aforesaid sections combined together; Fig. 4 is an elevation
shewing how one only of the said sections may be fitted to constitute a
steam generator of a moderate size; and Fig. 5 is a side elecation, partly
in section, of a portion of a generator slightly modified in construction
and arrangement from the one illustrated by the first three Figures.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3, a, a, are the said sections, b is the steam
chamber, and c is the feed and blow-off pipe. The portion of each
section directly exposed to the heat from the furnace, that is to say,
the portion with which the products of combustion come into contact is
conically shaped, as represented, but the upper portion extending from
the said conical part to the cast-iron end d is, by preference, made
parallel, that is, cylindrical in form, the depth of this portion being made
suitable to include the ordinary limits of the water level. The said
cast-iron end is preferably made conical in form, as shewn, and is bolted

page_text: or rivetted to a flanch, which is formed or fixed on the upper end of the
cylindrical portion of the section, as represented in Figs. 1; 3, and 4, and
the said end is formed with a man-hole, as represented at e in Fig. 3, the
said man-hole being fitted with a cover secured by means of bolts and.
nuts, as is usual. It must be understood that each section is provided
with a man-hole, although such man-holes are not shewn on all the
sections represented in the Drawings. Each end d is formed with a
branch, by means of which it may be connected with one of the
junction pipes f, f, the said junction pipes being in this example
suitably formed to connect together the sections in each row of two
or three sections, as the case may be, and the said junction pipes are
formed with branches, by means of which the said pipes are connected
with the steam chamber d. The steam space in each section is thus
placed in communication with the said chamber, and also with the
steam spaces in all of the other sections. The lower end of each section
is formed or provided with a flanch, by means of which flanch the said.
section is bolted or attached to one of the junction pipes g, g, cach of
which pipes connects together the two or three sections in each row,
as in the case of the pipes f. f, and each of the said pipes is formed
with two central branches, and the said branches are bolted together -
so as to form the continuous pipe c, through which the feed water is
admitted to all of the sections, and through which also the water is
discharged when the boiler is blown off. As the sediment will collect
in the junction pipes g, g, and in the pipe c, it will be seen that the said
sediment may at suitable intervals be readily discharged by opening the
mud cock or valve h, the loss of water at each discharge of the said
sediment being comparatively small. The feed water is forced through
the valve l, and flows through the pipes c and g into the whole of the
sections. Each section is fitted with a ring i, and the fire-clay blocks k, k,
shewn in Fig. 2, are suitably formed to fit or rest on the said rings, and
to fit together, so as when combined to form the division m between the
upper and the lower flues. The flame and heated gases flow from the
furnace through the upper flue in the direction of the arrows,
descending through the flue o to the lower flue, which is divided by the
midfeather p, flow through the said flue, and pass into the flue leading.
to the chimney.
and

page_text: immediately adjacent. This arrangement, however, may be modified
without departing from the nature of my Invention.
In Fig. 4 a generator similar in form to one of the aforesaid sections
is mounted in a furnace provided with a circular grate 8, and with fire-
doors 1, 1, and the said generator is formed with a man-hole u, and is
fitted with suitable valves and gauges, as in the case of ordinary steam
boilers. The flue leading to the chimney is represented by dotted lines
at v.
Fig. 5 illustrates a slight modification in the generator shewn in Figs.
1, 2, and 3. In this example the dividing floor m is dispensed with, the
sections being mounted in a single flue or combustion chamber w; or
the said flue may be divided by a vertical wall, or of vertical walls, as in
the case of the lower flue in Fig. 1.
A slight but not important modification in the method of attaching
the cast-iron end to the upper parallel portion of each section is also
represented in this Figure, wherein it will be seen that the aforesaid
angle iron ring is dispensed with, the said cast-iron end being formed
with a short cylindrical portion, which enters the upper end of the
wrought-iron or steel portion of each section, the said cast-iron end and
the said upper end being attached together in the usual manner by
means of rivets. This method of attachment may be varied as desired
or found to be necessary or advantageous. I prefer to fit an anti-primer
to the opening through which the steam leaves the steam chamber, as
shewn at x in Fig. 1; the said anti-primer in this example consisting of
a perforated tube having closed ends, which ends may also be perforated.
It must be understood that the proportions of each section may be
considerably varied from the proportions represented in the Drawings,
and that as many of the said sections are combined together as may be
requisite to furnish the required amount of steam, and also that the
steam generators are fitted with all usual or suitable safety or other
valves, gauges, or mountings.
In the latter part of my Provisional Specification I mentioned certain
arrangements for preventing the radiation of heat. from the crown of
the furnace chamber, but the said arrangements not being so novel or
advantageous as I expected at the time of filing the said Specification, I
have not included them in this present Specification, and do. not make
any claim therefor.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with
my methods of carrying the same into practical effect, I would have it
to be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the precise
details as herein described and as represented in the Drawings; but that
I claim as my Invention,―
First. The general combination of parts forming the improved steam
generator, constructed and arranged substantially as herein-before
described and as illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
And, lastly. The form of each of the portions or units herein styled
sections, substantially, as herein-before described and as illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John William Kenyon, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Second day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
JOHN WILLIAM KENYON. (L.S.)
Signed and sealed by the said
John William Kenyon in
the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent to the Patentec,
.3, Smithy Door,
Manchester.