IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRO-MAGNETS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF ELECTRO-MAGNETS."-A communication from abroad by José
Santiago Camacho, of the City of Havana, in the Island of
Cuba.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th October 1873.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF ELECTRO-MAGNETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing an electro-magnet of a series
of concentric tubes, all of which are of equal length, cach tube being
surrounded by one or more coils of insulated conducting wire. The

page_text: effect of this magnet, or rather of a current passing through it, will be
that the current entering at the centre and passing first around the
central tube will thereby cause an induced current in the next embracing
tube, so that when the current reaches the wire around such next
embracing tube it will already be strengthened by the induced current
therein contained, and with this additional strength will induce a further
still stronger current in the tube next larger, and thus strengthen the
current when arriving therein, and so that finally if the magnet has
four or five tubes or cylinders the current on reaching the outer tube
will be many times stronger than it would be if such induction currents
had not been created in the bodies of the electro-magnet. The power of
the electro-magnet is augmented in proportion to the increased power of
the current. An electro-magnet containing five cylinders, and having a
height of nine inches and an external diameter of five inches, and con-
taining about three hundred yards of wire, will, with an ordinary
current, raise a weight of two tons, which is by far more than can be
done by any other electro-magnet with the same power of battery.
+
-
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in. the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,.
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

page_text: current raise a weight of two tons, which is by far more than can be
done by any other electro-magnet with the same power of battery.
This improved electro-magnet is illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the electro-
magnet partly in section, and Figure 2 is an under side plan view of the
plate on which it is supported. In these two Figures the same reference
letters indicate the same parts.
A, B, C, and D, are four tubes or cylinders of soft iron of equal
length, and of such diameter respectively that they may be placed con-
centrically within one another with equal or nearly equal spaces between
them. These several cylinders are placed on plate E, and each of them
is surrounded with one or several coils of wire, as shown in the Drawing,
it being preferred to wind the wire in the following manner :-Beginning
at point a, situated at the centre, I first wind upon cylinder A a coil of
wire in the direction from bottom to top, and I cover this coil with a
second coil running from top to bottom, the extremity 6 of the wire
being led through the plate E and connected to the end d of a wire;
which, as in the case of the cylinder A, is wound on the next larger
cylinder B, a first coil being wound from bottom to top, and then a
second coil running in the reverse direction, the end e of which is con-
nected to the beginning f of the first coil placed on the following
cylinder C. In the same way the end 9 of the second coil wound on
this cylinder C is united to the beginning h of the first coil of the fourth
cylinder D. This arrangement of the wire is shown in the Drawings, by
reference to which it may be easily understood.
It is preferred to place three coils of wire instead of two on the outer
cylinder D in order that the extremity i of this wire may be at the
opposite end to the extremity a, as shown in the Drawing.
It will be evident that an electro-magnet of this kind will attract an
armature with its greatest force at the end of its exterior cylinder D
since the latter receives the greater part of the current.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of Improvements.
in the Construction of Electro-Magnets, as communicated to me, and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be
understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, a
the construction of electro-magnet composed of a series of concentric

page_text: cylinders, all of equal length, and each of which is surrounded by one or
more layers or coils of continuous insulated conducting wire, substantially
as herein-described and shown in the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
"hereunto set my hand and seal, this 23rd day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.