CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT BY THE BURNING OF OIL, TALLOW, AND WAX, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND EXTINGUISHING THE SAME
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SEPTIMUS
COCKING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Draftsman.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-sixth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and forty-
two, in the fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Septimus Cocking, my exors, adiñors, and
assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Septimus Cocking, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
LIGHT BY THE BURNING OF OIL, TALLOW, AND WAX, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR
REGULATING AND EXTINGUISHING THE SAME," partly communicated by a certain
foreigner residing abroad and partly invented by myself; in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Septimus Cocking, shall
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Septimus Cocking, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and ascer

page_text: tained in and by the following instrument in writing, reference being had to the
letters and figures therein contained, and to the Drawings thereunto annexed.
The Invention consists of, firstly, certain improvements in lamps for the
combustion of oil; secondly, certain improvements in candlesticks; thirdly,
certain improvements in snuffers; and, lastly, an improved extinguisher.
Figure 1 (First Sheet) represents one of the improved lamps. a is the head
or reservoir to contain the oil, which is conducted to the wick through the
tubes b, b. c is the wick attached to the bucket d, which is raised and lowered,
as in the ordinary argand lamp, by being made to rotate on its axis; the pin e
(see Figure 2) working in the groove in the inner tube j causes d to be raised
when its rotation is in one direction, and to be depressed when it is in the
other. The rotation of the bucket d in the common argand lamp is effected
by turning the tube g, the pin at the bottom of the former working in a
vertical slot cut in the latter. This tube 9 in the ordinary argand lamp is
supported by two pins resting on the top of the outer tube h, which is cut off
at the point; the gallery carrying the glass or chimney rests upon the top of
the tube h, and has notches in its opposite sides into which the last-mentioned
pins fall the rotation of the gallery or glass holder thus causes the rotation
of the tube g, and consequently the elevation of the wick. In a lamp thus
constructed, it is obvious that the surface of the oil can never be higher than
the point i, which is considerably below the point at which its combustion in
the wick takes place. The object of the improvement is to raise the wick
without cutting off the tube h at i, so that the surface of the oil may be raised
nearer to the top of the wick, and this is effected by the arrangement
exhibited in Figure 1; the outer tube h is as high as the inner tube j, and
the top of the tube g is turned over the top of the tube h, and is soldered to the
cap k, by turning which the wick is raised or lowered. The glass chimney
rests upon the gallery m, supported on the tubes b, b, by the arms n, n, which
being situated in the same plane as the tubes b, b, cause no additional shadow;
the tube g, with the cap affixed to it, is shown separately in Figure 3. Instead
of making a spiral groove in the inner tube j, and a vertical slot in the tube g,
for the purpose of raising the wick, as before described, I sometimes form a
vertical groove in the inner tube j, (see Figure 4.) and a spiral groove in the
tube g (see Figure 5). By this mode of construction the inner tube may be
metal, and its internal diameter will consequently be
greater, and a more copious supply of air will be thereby afforded to the
interior of the flame.
made of much thinner
.
Figure 6 (First Sheet) represents another of the improvements in lamps,
the object of which is to secure a steady current of air for the supply of the

page_text: flame. a is the chimney, resting upon the gallery b, perforated with holes as
at c; a conical glass d surrounds the chimney a and the gallery b, fitting
close upon the burner of the lamp at 6'; the air to supply the flame passes
It is
down the conical glass d through the holes c, and thus to the flame.
evident from the circuitous passage through which the air reaches the flame
that it cannot be affected by any wind or strong current of air exterior to the
glass eone d.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 (First Sheet) represent another of the
improvements in lamps. This improvement relates to those lamps having
solid wicks, and the object of the improvement is to render the lamps capable
of being filled or refilled with oil without having an additional opening in the
lamp for that purpose, and also without the removal of the wick. Figures 61
and 9 represent (the former in plan, the latter in section) a ring of metal
soldered to the body of the lamp; it is screwed inside, and has a shoulder at
the bottom, on which the wick holder rests. The wick holder (represented
in Figures 7 and 10), the former representing it in plan, the latter in section).
is placed in the ring (Figure 9), and the collar represented in Figures 8 and 11
(the former representing it in plan, the latter in section) screwed down upon it.
In order to fill or refill the lamp with oil, it is only necessary to unscrew the
collar, Figures 8 and 11; the oil may then be poured through the apertures
a, a, a, in the wick holder (Figure 7) without the removal of the wick. A
modification of this improvement is exhibited in Figures 12, 13, 14, and 15;
Figures 12 and 14 representing (the former in plan, and the latter in section)
a collar which may be attached to the body of the lamp in any convenient
manner; it has two apertures on its two opposite sides, as seen at b, b,
Figure 12. The collar carrying the wick holder (represented in Figures 13
and 15, the former representing it in plan, and the latter in section) is
screwed in the collar (Figures 12 and 14), and when the collar and wick
holder, Figures 13 and 15, is screwed close down upon the collar, Figures 12
and 14, the apertures c, c, in the former are over the parts d, d, of the latter.
In order to fill or refill the lamp, it is only necessary to unscrew the collar
and wick holder (Figures 13 and 15) until the apertures c, c, correspond
with the apertures 6, 6; the oil may then be introduced.
Figure 16 (First Sheet) represents another of the improved lanips. a, b, c,
are three chambers; d is the bottom of the chamber c, part of the sides
of which e, e, are made of india-rubber, or some other flexible material;
f is a tube connected with the chamber c, and passing through the chamber b,
opens in the upper part of the chamber a; g is a helical spring, placed between
the bottom of the lamp a and the moveable bottom d of the chamber c, and by

page_text: its elasticity presses d towards the upper part of the chamber c; h, h, h, are
three sliding tubes, the axes of which coincide with the axis of the helix g, and
serve to guide the moveable bottom d of the chamber c; i is a tube, one end of
which opens near the bottom of the chamber a, and the other end is connected
with the burner j; k is a small chamber situated in the tube i, in which a
number of discs of cloth, canvass, or some other fabric are situated, between
which discs small springs of steel wire or other elastic material are placed, and
which tend to separate them. I is a screw, by turning which the piston m
(shewn in dotted lines) is moved to or fro, so as to compress the discs of cloth
or canvas closer together, or to allow them to recede from each other by the
action of the springs placed between them; n is a cup for receiving any oil that
may overflow at the wick; and o is a tube for conducting the oil into the
chamber b, from which it may be removed by a stop-cock placed in its side.
Figure 17 shews the arrangement of the glasses which I prefer to use with
this lamp. To fill or refill this lamp the ring p within the foot of the lamp
must be pulled down until the moveable bottom d of the chamber c is in the
position seen in the Drawing, in which position it is held by the catches q, q';
the plug r is removed, and oil is introduced into the chamber a; the plug r is
replaced, and by pressing upon the catches q, q, the moveable bottom d of the
chamber c is liberated, and is pressed upwards by the spring g; the air in the
chamber c, is compressed, and the pressure is transmitted through the tube f
to the surface of the oil in the chamber a. The oil is thus forced up the tube
i, and through the little chamber k to the burner j. In order to regulate
the quantity of oil passing to the burner, the discs in the chamber k must be
forced closer together by turning the nut in the manner already described.
Figure 1 (Third Sheet) exhibits another of the improvements in lamps, and
relates to that description of lamps called fountain lamps. The object of this
improvement is to render the reservoir capable of being filled without removal
from the lamp. a is the fountain, which may be formed as a cylinder, and turn
upon a central axis b, supported by the base of the lamp c. f, d, is an aperture
formed in the periphery of the cylinder, but partially closed by the tongue-
piece f, i. When the lamp is in the position for use, the point i stands about
one-eighth of an inch above the point, d, and thereby allows the oil to flow, but
in turning the fountain upon its axis in the direction d, f, the point d becomes
elevated above the point i (as is seen in Figures 2 and 3), which latter shews
the fountain in the position for refilling, in which position the oil can no longer
escape.
Figures 4 and 5 shew a modification of the lamp last described, adapted
to an argand burner, with the fountain turning upon a hinge joint a on one

page_text: side near the bottom.
Figure 5 shews the lamp in the position for re-
charging, in order to prevent any spilling of the oil, which might arise, if the
fountain were restored to an upright position too suddenly; an additional
tongue or slip of metal g, h, may be introduced, which will check any sudden
motion in the oil. Figure 18 (First Sheet) represents in section an instru-
ment for removing the hard carbonaceous deposit, which is formed on the
wick of argand lamps, and which may generally be removed in an unbroken
annular form. a is a tube, having a chamber 6 at its upper end, and
a chamber c at its lower end, the bottom of which is tapered, as shewn
in the Drawing at j. d is a wire sliding in the tube a; the upper end of
this wire is connected with the thumb plate e through a slot in the side of
the chamber b. f is a helical spring, which presses the upper end of the
wire d against the top of the chamber b. A series of springs g, of the form
represented, are fixed in the inside of the chamber c, their pointed ends passing
through openings in the sides of the chamber c, as shewn at h.
use this instrument, it is held by the handle i, and the pointed end j of the
chamber c introduced into the inner tube of the burner of the lamp (see the
tube j; Figure 1, First Sheet), so that the shoulder x may rest upon its top.
The thumb is now pressed upon the thumb plate e, the wire d descends, and
the plate pressing against the springs g, forces their pointed ends through the
openings (as seen in plan, Figure 19); the points are thus forced under the
deposit of the wick, and it is carried away by the removal of the instrument.
On taking the thumb from e, the spring braises the wire d, and the springs g
return to the position shewn in Figure 18.
In order to
Figure 1 (Second Sheet) represents an external view of one of the improved
snuffers; and Figure 2, a section of the same. It consists of a hollow
cylinder a, divided into two compartments b, b', as shewn in section, Figure 2,
the upper one of which 6 contains the mechanism hereafter described, and the
lower one b' serves as the box for containing the snuff; one side of the com-
partment is moveable, being made to turn upon the hinge c, thus constituting
the door d (shewn separately in Figure 2), which is made to open and shut
by the mechanism in the compartment b; the lower edge of the door d, in
the act of closing, serves as the cutting edge of the snuffer. On the upper
edge of the door d is a projecting piece of steel e, of the form shown in the
Figure, and on the lower edge is also a similar projecting piece of steelf. The
former projection is seen in Figure 2", and the latter in Figure 2111. At the
.bottom of the compartment of the snuffer (see Figure 2) is a spring g, the
end of which pressing against the projection f tends to keep the door & con-
stantly shut.

page_text: I will now describe the mechanism by which the door is opened, and which
is contained in the compartment b, Figure 2. On the bottom of the parti-
tion h, and in the axis of the cylinder a, is a tube i, shewn separately in
Figures 2 and 2, on which the piece j slides; the helical spring k (shown
separately, Figure K,) placed around it tends to keep it constantly in the
position shewn in Figure 2, by one of its ends resting on the partition h, and
the other pressing against the shoulder of the piece j. is a piece of steel,
of the forni shewn in the Figures L and L', the upper end of which is jointed
to the piece j. A spring m, attached to the piece of steel, presses against the
piece j. (shewn separately, Figure N,) is a groove or guide, in which l
works; o is the top of the compartment b, and on which it may be fixed by
screwing or soldering, or in any other convenient manner; p is a handle by
which the snuffer is held. The upper part of the piece is made to unscrew
at j', and carries a pointed piece of steel, as seen at Figure J', which may be
used for adjusting or trimming the wick of the candle.
Having described the parts of the improved snuffer delineated in Figures 1
and 2, I will procced to explain their action when being used. The snuffer is
held by the handle p, and the thumb or fore finger, pressing upon J, thereby
depresses the wedge l, which acting behind the projection e of the door d
forces it open; the pressure being continued, the wedge descends below the
projection e, which now escapes by the hollow (see Figure L), and the door
closes quickly by the action of the spring 9 on the projection f, and during the
act of closing, cuts off the superfluous wick or snuff of the candle with its
lower edge, and deposits it in the compartment b₁; on removing the finger or
thumb from j, the helical spring k forces it again into the position shewn in
Figure 2. The piece on rising passes over the projection e, and is again
forced against the side of the cylinder by the spring m.
Figure 4 (Second Sheet) is an external view, and Figure 6 a vertical section,
of a modification of the snuffer just described. It consists of a cylinder divided
into two compartments.by the partition b. The lower compartment c is furnished
with a door, exactly resembling that of the snuffer just described, Figure 2¹,
and the upper compartment & contains the mechanism for opening the door.
e is a hollow cylinder of metal, closed at bottom and open at top; it has a
flange fat its upper end, and its lower end works in the rim g. Around the
cylinder e is placed a helical spring h, the lower end rending on the rim g, and
the upper end pressing against the flange f on the top of the cylinder. This
helical spring is shewn separately in Figure 7. i is a wedge-shaped piece of
steel, fixed to the lower end of the cylinder e, immediately above the projecting
arm of the door, Figure 21. j (Figure 6) is a thumb plate, attached to the

page_text: cylinder e by the connecting piece k, which works in a slot 1, the length of
which slot is equal to the length of the wedge i. The action of this modifica-
tion of my improved snuffer is as follows:-The snuffer is held by the handle 1,
and the thumb pressed upon the thumb plate j; the connecting piece descends
in the slot l, and carries with it the cylinder e, and the wedge i at the bottom
of the cylinder opens the door d, Fig. 2', by acting behind the projection e,
Figure 2. On removing the thumb from the thumb plate j, the helical
springh raises the cylinder e, and with it the wedge i; the spring m at the
bottom of the compartment c closes the door quickly, and snuffs the candle in
the manner already described. The box formed by the cylinder e may be used
to hold matches, or the cover may be made as represented in Figures 5 and 6,
in the form of an extinguisher, which in this case will partly occupy the box.
Figure 16' (Second Sheet) is a perspective view of another of my improve-
ments in snuffers; and Figure 17 is a plan of the same. The object of this
improvement is the removal of the snuff from the cutting edge, so as to prevent
a is the box of the snuffer, the
any of it falling out on opening the snuffer.
top and end of which are broken off to shew the interior; and 6 is the short
side (as the side carrying the cutting edge is technically called), the plate of
which is broken off in order to shew the cutting edge b¹. c is a scraper, formed
of a piece of thin sheet steel bent into the form shewn, and turning upon the
wire d as an axis; e is a helical spring, one end of which acts against the back
of the box at x, and the other rests in the notch a¹ of the scraper and presses
it down; f is a stud fixed on the side of the scraper c, the side nearest the
back of the box being inclined, as shewn in Figure 17; g is a wedge, fixed on
the short side of the snuffer, and curved slightly, as shewn in Figure 17. The
action of this snuffer is as follows:-On opening the snuffer, the curved wedge
g comes in contact with the inclined edge of the pin f, and pressing against
it, pushes the end of the scraper along the pin or axis d; after the wedge g
has passed the pin f, the elasticity of the scraper restores it again to the form
shewn in the Drawing. On closing the snuffer, the wedge coming under the
pin f, raises the scraper c sufficiently high to allow the snuff carried on the
cutting edge to enter the box a; the wedge 9 now passing from under the pin,
the spring e brings the scraper c close down upon the cutting edge 61. It is
evident, that on re-opening the snuffer, the scraper will clean the cutting
Instead of the end of the
5 edge; and prevent any of the snuff falling out.
scraper c being made elastic, so as to yield to the pressure of the wedge g in
opening, it may be made non-elastic, and a spring may be inserted between
the end c¹ of the scraper and the end of the box, so that the pressure of the
wedge in passing may force the scraper along the axis d without bending

page_text: it, the spring immediately restoring it to its position after the wedge g has
passed.
Figure 18 (Second Sheet) is a side view of another of my improved
snuffers, the object of the improvement being to press the cutting edges into
close contact, so as to secure the clear cutting of the snuff. On the short side
of the snuffer a, a spring b (shewn separately) in Figure 18¹) is fixed. This
spring is formed of a strip of. steel, bent as shewn in the Figure. In closing
the snuffer the spring 6 is brought under the edge of the box c, and pressing
against it keeps the cutting edges in close contact. The spring 6 is kept in
its place by the pin d on the short side of the snuffer working in the slot e
of the spring, Fig. 18¹. The contact of the cutting edges may also be
obtained by the pressure of a spring underneath the top of the box, acting
on the top of the plate of the short side.
Figure 8 (Second Sheet) represents an outside view, and Figure 9 a 'view
partly in section, of one of my improved candlesticks. The top of the candle-
stick a is attached to the internal tube b, which may be turned about its axis
by turning the top a. This tube is prevented from being drawn out of the
candlestick by its lower end being turned under the button c, the stem of
which d is rivetted to the bottom of the candlestick; a spiral slot e is cut in
the tube b, and a vertical slot is cut in the barrel g of the candlestick, as seen
at f,f, in Figure 8. In the tube b, the cup or support for the candle h
(shewn in dotted lines) is placed, a projecting stud i from which passes
through the spiral slot in the tube 6, and also through the vertical slot in the
barrel g.
It will be evident, by inspecting Figure 8, that the stud connected
with the cap h, on which the candle rests, will be elevated or depressed as the
top of the candlestick a, and with it the internal tube b, is turned, for the stud
i, passing both through the vertical and spiral slots, it is prevented by the
former from moving in any other than a vertical direction; while the lower
edge of the latter, being brought under it like an inclined plane, forces it up,
or, in the reverse motion, the upper edge forces it down.
'Figure 10 (Second Sheet) is a sectional view of another of my improvements
in candlesticks, the object of which is to render them capable of holding candles
of various sizes. a is the barrel of the candlestick, having a slot cut in it at b;
c is a tube made to work tightly in the barrel a by means of the spring a¹; this
tube is opened at top and closed at bottom; in the tube c is the burr d, fixed
to the top of the wire e, which passes through the closed end of the tube c, and
works tightly in the cork f; the knob 9 passing through the slot b is attached
to the tube c, and serves to elevate or depress it. If it is required to use a
large candle in this candlestick, the knob g is pushed down, and with it the

page_text: tube c, the burr d being prevented from descending by the wire e resting on the
bottom of the barrel a. The burr d and the top of the tube c being thus
brought on a level, the candle resting upon them will be elevated or depressed
by the elevation or depression of the knob g. If is is required to use a candle
of such a size that it will enter the tube c, the following course should be
adopted: The knob g is raised to the top of the slot b; the top of the tube c
is now at the top of the barrel a; the burr d must now be pushed down, until
the wire e is at the bottom of the barrel a; the candle may now be placed in
the tube c. To raise the candle it is necessary first to depress the knob g, and
then to raise it. By depressing the knob g the tube c is depressed, but the
burr d on which the candle rests cannot descend. By now raising the knob g,
the tube c is raised, carrying with it. the burr d, and consequently the candle.
Figure 21 (Second Sheet) represents a sectional view of a modification of
the candlestick just described. The socket or tube a in this modification may
be raised or lowered by the moving up or down the small tube b within the
foot of the candlestick, and the burr c may be raised or lowered by moving up
or down the knob d. e is a piece of cork through which the tube b passes,
and in which it works tightly; and e¹ is a piece of cork through which the
wire 'd passes, and in which it works tightly.
Figures 10, 11, 12, (Second Sheet,) represent another of my improvements
in candlesticks, the object of which improvement is to enable candlesticks to
support candles of various sizes in a vertical position. Figure 10¹ represents
an external view of the top of the candlestick; Figure 11, a plan of the
mechanism in the cup a at the top of the candlestick; and Figure 12, a plan
of the moveable cap 6 which covers the cup at the top of the candlestick.
c, Figure 11, is an elliptical spring, to which two pins d, d, are fixed in the
direction of the longer axis of the ellipse; these pins work in the slots or
grooves e, e. To this spring the curved pieces f. f, are fixed in the direction
of the shorter axis of the ellipse. Figure 12 represents the cap which fits on
the cap a, containing the mechanism, shewn in Figure 11. Two pieces of
steel 9, 9, of the form represented, are fixed by screws or otherwise on opposite
sides of the cap b. This cap, Figure 12, is placed upon the cup, Figure 11, in-
such a manner that the pieces of steel g, g, fall in the spaces h, h, Figure 11.
It will be evident that by making the cap, Figure 12, perform a quarter
revolution, the pieces of steel g, g, will be forced between the elliptical
spring c, c, and the cup a, at the points x, x, and that when they are in such a
position the spring will be compressed in the direction of its longer axis and
elongated in the direction of its shorter axis, and consequently the curved
pieces ff, will recede from each other. This position is evidently a stable

page_text: one, for the elliptical spring c, c, rests in the curved parts y, y, of the pieces of
steel g, g. The candle is now introduced between f, f, and the cap b, b, being
made to perform a quarter revolution, the spring c,. c, is no longer compressed
by the pieces of steel g, g, and again assumes the form shewn in Figure 11;
the candle is thus grasped tightly by the pieces f, f. The cap b, b, is prevented
from being taken off the top of the candlestick, Figure 10, by its edge v being
turned under the cup a.
Figures 18 and 14 (Second Sheet) exhibit a modification of the last-described
improvement, in which the elliptical spring c, c, is compressed in the direction
of its longer axis by means of the screw v; and Figures 15 and 16 (Second
Sheet) exhibit another modification, in which the elliptical spring c, c, is
compressed in the direction of its longer axis, by pressing the pins w, w, under
the cup of the candlestick; these pins work in the slots y, y, as shewn in
Figure 15.
Figure 22 (Second Sheet) exhibits my improved extinguisher. It consists of
the bell-shaped piece a, surmounted by the tube b. In this tube is a smaller
tube c, which slides up and down therein, but which is prevented from being
drawn out by the shoulder d; a wire e, e, slides in the tube c, having a shoulder f
to prevent it from being drawn out. The extinguisher may be used with the
various parts in the position shewn in the Drawing, for the purpose of ex-
tinguishing candle lamps; and the wire e may be forced down the tube c, and
the tube c down the tube b, so as to diminish its length when used for
extinguishing a candle.
Having now described the nature of the Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim
exclusive right to the several parts of the Invention herein-before described
separately considered, as many of them are or may be in common use already;
but I claim exclusive right to,-
First, the arrangement of gallery and revolver for an argand lanp, herein-
before described, and delineated in Figures 1, 3, & 5, Sheet First, by which the
surface of the oil is brought nearer to the top of the wick than in lamps of
the ordinary construction.
Secondly, the mode of supporting the glass holder on the tubes through
which the oil is conducted to the burner, as herein-before described, and repre-
sented in Figure 1, Sheet First, by which the bottom part of the glass is
kept cool.
Thirdly, the arrangement of two glasses, as herein before described, and
represented in Figure 6, Sheet First, for the purpose of defending the flame
from currents of air.

page_text: Fourthly, the modes herein-before described, and represented in Figure 61, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, Sheet First, of introducing oil into lamps having
solid wicks, without the necessity of removing the wick or having an additional
aperture in the lamp for that purpose.
Fifthly, the general arrangement of the parts of a lamp, as herein-before
described, and represented in Figures 16 and 17, First Sheet.
Sixthly, the construction of a fountain or reservoir for a fountain lamp,
having an aperture constructed as herein-before described, and represented in,
the various Figures in the Third Sheet of Drawings, whether such fountain be
removeable from that part of the lamp to which the burner is attached, or
connected thereto by a hinge joint, or a central axis.
Seventhly, the introduction of moveable tubes within the sockets of candle-
sticks, as herein-before described, and represented in Figure 10 & 21, Sheet
Second, so as to render them capable of holding, raising, and lowering candles
of different sizes.
Eighthly, the raising and lowering of candles in candlesticks, as herein-
before described, and represented in Figure 8 and 9, Sheet Second, whether
the support for the candle is raised or lowered by the stud fixed upon it work-
ing in a spiral slot in the inner tube, and in a vertical slot in the outer tube,
as represented in Figures 8 and 9, Sheet Second, or by a vertical slot in the
inner tube and a spiral. slot in the outer tube, or whether the outer tube have
a vertical or spiral slot, or a vertical or spiral groove or indentation.
Ninthly, the mode of supporting candles in a vertical position by means of
arms fixed on an elliptical spring in the direction of its shorter axis, as herein-
before described, and represented in Figures 10', 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, & 16,
Sheet Second, whether the compression of the spring in the direction of its
longer axis be effected by the arrangement of parts. shewn and described, or
by any other means.
Tenthly, the construction of a vertical cylindrical snuffer, in which the door
is opened by the depression of a projection or thumb plate at the top or side
of the cylinder, and in which the door is closed by the action of a spring, as
shewn in Figures 1, 2, 4, & 6, Second Sheet.
Eleventhly, the introduction of scrapers in the boxes of snuffers for the
purpose of removing the snuff from the cutting edge of the snuffer and pre-
venting it falling out on the re-opening of the snuffer, as herein-before described,
and represented in Figures 16 and 17, Second Sheet.
Twelfthly, the use of a spring for forcing together the cutting edges of
snuffers, as herein-before described, and represented in Figures 18 and 18',
Second Sheet, whether the spring be situated as shewn in Figure 18, Second

page_text: Sheet, or placed between the top of the short side and the top of the box of
the snuffer; also the instrument herein-before described, and represented in
Figs. 18 and 19 (First Sheet), for removing the hard carbonaceous deposit
from the wicks of argand lamps.
And lastly, the employment of sliding tubes for the purpose of lengthening
or shortening extinguishers, as represented in Figure 22, Second Sheet, whether
the number of sliding tubes be greater or less than the number herein-before
described and represented.
In witness whereof, I, the said Septimus Cocking, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-two.