Improvements in Means for Retaining Wheels or other Objects in Place on Studs, Shafts, Bolts, or the like, or Keeping in Place Joint Pins, Cock Plugs, or the like.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Feb., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 26th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 2nd Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Retaining Wheels or other Objects in
Place on Studs, Shafts, Bolts, or the like, or Keeping in Place
Joint Pins, Cock Plugs, or the like.
We, HENRY CLIFTON CARVER, Engineer, and ALBERT COATES, Merchant,
both of 3 Cross Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements upon and further developments of
the invention forming the subject of a former application for Patent by one of us,
the said Henry Clifton Carver No. 11963 of 1890. According to the present
invention collars are made of pieces of resilient metal in the form of split hollow
truncated cones. The collars are expandible and are applied to studs, shafts, bolts,
joint pins, cock plugs and the like, so as to almost, if not quite, encircle them; and
so as to prevent displacement between these objects and other objects into which
they fit or which are mounted upon them. Thus, loose running wheels can be
retained in position on studs, nuts upon bolts, joint pins in rod eyes, cock plugs in
their barrels and so on. The smallest diameters of the collars are made less, and
their largest diameters greater, than the diameters of the objects to which they are
applied, and the collars are forced on to the objects by pressing them (large end
first) in an axial direction against the ends of the objects so as to cause the collars
to expand till they are large enough to pass onto the objects. The objects have
circumferential grooves into which the collars enter by contraction when brought
opposite thereto. In this position the collars clip the grooved objects and prevent
displacement between these objects and those into which they fit, or which are
mounted upon them. In certain applications of the above described conical form
of spring collar it may be desirable to have a succession of grooves in the spindle
to enable the collar to be adjusted at one point or another along the spindle from
time to time. The conical form of collar lends itself very readily to being used in
combination with such multiple grooves, because its form enables it to be pushed
forward over the successive ridges between the grooves. Sometimes as for example
in the case of a wheel running loose upon a horizontal stud it is desirable to
interpose a washer between the boss of the wheel and the collar, so that the wheel
may rotate against the washer, while both the washer and the collar remain
stationary. One means of preventing the rotation of the washer and collar is to
provide projections on the washer and stud respectively which enter into the split
in the collar. The ends of. the grooves against which the collars abut may be at
an incline with the axis of the grooved objects, and the grooves may sometimes be
of such depth that according as the collars clip the objects at the top or at the
bottom of the grooves the position of the collars endwise along the objects will
(owing to the inclined ends of the grooves) be materially affected. The collars
are made of such size that they seck to get to the bottoms of the grooves, and in
doing so they exert an end wise pressure against objects which are so situated as to
oppose this tendency. This end wise pressure is useful in the case of cock plugs, as
it causes the plugs to be kept pressed into their barrels, and as wear takes place
slackness is prevented or taken up automatically by a shrinkage of the collars
towards the bottoms of the grooves in the plugs into which they engage. Similarly
the end wise pressure referred to facilitates the locking of nuts on their bolts so
that they cannot start to turn backwards. According to another arrangement
applicable for locking nuts, the collars may be made with dents or teeth which can
be bent towards the axis of the bolts, so as to widen the space which the collars
will occupy in an axial direction, and thus take up any slack there may have been

page_text: between the nuts and the collars. In this case the collars are made of non-resilient
metal. They are formed large enough to pass freely on to the ends of the bolts,
and when opposite the grooves they are
compressed thereinto.
Dated this 27th day of February 1891.
um
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Retaining Wheels or other Objects in
Place on Studs, Shafts, Bolts, or the like, or Keeping in Place
Joint Pins, Cock Plugs, or the like.
We, HENRY CLIFTON CARVER, Engineer, and ALBERT COATES, Merchant,
both of 3 Cross Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention has reference to improvements upon and further developments of
the invention forming the subject of a former application for Patent by one of us,
the said Henry Clifton Carver No. 11963 of 1890. According to the present
invention collars are made of pieces of resilient metal in the form of split hollow
truncated cones. The collars are expandible and are applied to studs, shafts, bolts,
joint pins, cock plugs and the like, so as to almost, if not quite, encircle them; and
so as to prevent displacement between these objects and other objects into which
they fit or which are mounted upon them. Thus loose running wheels can be
retained in position on studs, nuts upon bolts, joint pins in rod eyes, cock plugs in
their barrels and so on. The smallest diameters of the collars are made less, and
their largest diameters greater, than the diameters of the objects to which they are
applied, and the collars are forced onto the objects by pressing them (large end
first) in an axial direction against the ends of the objects so as to cause the collars
to expand till they are large enough to pass onto the objects. The objects have
circumferential grooves into which the collars enter by contraction when brought
opposite thereto. In this position the collars clip the grooved objects and prevent
displacement between these objects and those into which they fit, or which are
mounted upon them. In certain applications of the above described conical form
of spring collar it may be desirable to have a succession of grooves in the spindle
to enable the collar to be adjusted at one point or another along the spindle from
time to time. The conical form of collar lends itself very readily to being used in
combination with such multiple grooves, because its form enables it to be pushed
forward over the successive ridges between the grooves. Sometimes as for example
in the case of a wheel running loose upon a horizontal stud it is desirable to
interpose a washer between the boss of the wheel and the collar, so that the wheel
may rotate against the washer, while both the washer and the collar remain
stationary. One means of preventing the rotation of the washer and collar is to
provide projections on the washer and stud respectively which enter into the split
in the collar. The ends of the grooves against which the collars abut may be at
an incline with the axis of the grooved objects, and the grooves may sometimes be
of such depth that according as the collars clip the objects at the top or at the
bottom of the grooves the position of the collars end wise along the objects will
(owing to the inclined ends of the grooves) be materially affected. The collars are
made of such size that they seek to get to the bottoms of the grooves, and in doing
so they exert an endwise pressure against objects which are so situated as to oppose
this tendency. This endwise pressure is useful in the case of cock' plugs, as it
causes the plugs to be kept pressed into their barrels, and as wear takes place

page_text: slackness is prevented or taken up automatically by a shrinkage of the collars
towards the bottoms of the grooves in the plugs into which they engage.
To enable the invention to be clearly described drawings are appended. In
these Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are three views (of which Fig. 3 is a section) which clearly
shew the construction of one form of the collars. Being made of resilient metal,
the collar will on being expanded tend to contract to its original form. Fig. 4 is a
sectional view shewing the collar applied to retain a joint pin in position. 1 is the
collar, 2 the joint pin, and 3, 4 the ends of two rods which are connected together
by the joint pin. A groove 5 is formed in the joint pin, the groove being by
preference about as deep as the collar is thick; part of the collar rests within this
groove abutting against one side of it, and owing to the conical form of the collar,
part of it projects without the groove and beyond the periphery of the joint pin,
and abuts against the rod end 4.
It will be seen that with the collar situated and abutting as described and shewn
the joint pin is prevented from becoming displaced from the rod ends 3, 4. The
diameter of the bottom of the groove is slightly larger than the smallest inside
diameter of the collar, consequently the collar when in position cannot contract to
its normal size, and in its effort to do so it clasps and grips the pin at the
bottom of the groove. The collar is put into position by being pressed against
the end of the joint pin 2 so as to expand the collar, and by being pushed along
the pin until it contracts, by its resiliency into the groove 5. Fig. 5 is a perspective
view of the arrangement shewn in Fig. 4, the gap between the ends of the
collar being in sight and being wider than that shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, because as
already described the collar is prevented by the pin 2 from contracting to its
normal size. Fig. 6 is a repetition of Fig. 5 except that the collar is shewn in
process of removal by means of a pointed instrument 6, which after having been
forced into the position shewn, is to be pushed round, in the direction indicated
by the arrow until the collar is liberated from the groove.
Fig. 7 shews a method of employing one of the collars for retaining a bolt nut in
position. In this view also 1 is the collar, 7 is the nut and 8 the bolt. The point
of the bolt has the threads turned off as shewn, and has a groove 5 formed in it to
receive the collar. 9 is an ordinary washer fitting on to the turned down part of
the bolt and interposed between the collar and the nut so that the collar abuts
against it and prevents both it and the nut from being displaced. Sometimes the
washer 9 may be omitted; but in this case, unless the larger diameter of the collar
be made relatively greater in reference to the size of the bolt, than shewn in Fig. 7,
the collar would find an abutment against the nut for a part of its circumference
only, owing to the cutting away of the nut to form the thread within it. Such an
increase in the larger diameter of the collar can be obtained, if desired, either by
increasing the width of the collar or by making the cone flatter. An inclination of
about one in four with the axial line is found to be generally the most convenient
angle for the cone but a greater or less angle than this may be adopted to suit
particular cases.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view shewing a fast pulley 10 and loose pulley 11 mounted
alongside each other on a shaft 12; the loose pulley being prevented from running
off the end of the shaft by the collar 1 held in a groove in the shaft, in combination
with a washer 13, provided with a key 14, which enters the gap between the ends
of the collar, and causes the washer and collar to be interlocked. When the loose
pulley rotates upon the shaft, while the shaft is stationary, the washer and collar
will also remain stationary as owing to their being interlocked as described one
cannot rotate without the other, and the frictional grip of the collar upon the shaft
s more than sufficient to oppose the frictional force tending to rotate the washer,
which is set up between the pulley and the washer. In this way the whole surface
of the washer in contact with the pulley is available for resisting wear.
Figs. 9
and 10 are detached views of the washer 13, Fig. 10 being in section and having
he collar shewn in position by dotted lines. It will be seen that in this case
he key 14 is formed by a bent pin rivetted flush on one side into the washer.

page_text: Sometimes when the washer is thin enough to admit of it, the key 14 may be formed
by slitting the washer and raising a piece of it as shewn in section in Fig. 11. In
other cases the key 14 may be after the manner of a feather key as shewn in Fig. 12
and when this construction is adopted there is no interlocking of the washer with
the collar, but a keyway to admit the key is cut in the shaft on which the
washer is placed, so that the washer interlocks with the shaft. Sometimes the
collar may be caused to interlock with the shaft by means of a key or peg 15 secured
in the shaft as shewn in Figs. 13, 14, and this arrangement may be employed either
with or without a key washer, according to the circumstances.
Fig. 15 is a sectional view of a cock having a plug 16 retained in position by the
collar 1. The groove in the plug which receives the collar is formed with an
inclined side as shewn for the lower edge of the collar to abut against, and it is in
this case made much deeper than the thickness of the collar. In this case too the
collar does not necessarily clasp the plug at the bottom of the groove but may do
so at any part of the inclined side against which the lower edge of the collar abuts.
The upper edge of the collar abits against a washer 17, which rotates along
with the plug as is customary with washers so situated. In the drawing the
washer is shewn with a feather key for causing these parts to rotate together but
other known methods may be adopted, care being taken that the hole in the washer
is large enough to allow the lower end of the plug 16 to pass through it. The
collar is made of such diameter that when in position its resiliency causes it to
constantly seek by contraction to get deeper into the groove consequently owing
to the inclined form of the side of the groove against which the collar abuts and to
the contractile action of the collar, the wear of the plug downwards through the
barrel of the cock, is taken up automatically as soon as it occurs, and the plug is
kept steadily home to its seat. As the collars are required to have a comparatively
large range of expansion and contraction to suit the arrangement illustrated in
Fig. 15 it is sometimes preferred to make them with their ends overlapping as
shewn in the detached view Fig. 16 so as to either entirely prevent the occurrence
of a gap between the ends of the collars (such as is shewn in Figs. 5 and 8) when
they are in position, or so as to keep the gap smaller than it would otherwise be.
The collars are also in this case made by preference with a flatter cone and wider
than in the applications previously described. The arrangement of collar and
groove shewn in Fig. 15 may sometimes be employed for retaining bolt nuts, instead
of that shewn in Fig. 7.
Fig. 17 shews a boiler tube expander of the Dudgeon type having the ring or
part 18 retained in position on the part 19 by means of a collar 1 constructed
according to this invention instead of by the usual loose collar and set screw.
Three grooves 5 as shewn, are formed in the part 19, and the collar may be slipped
into any one of these grooves according to the position in which it is desired to
retain the part 18 along the part 19.
For retaining in position toothed wheels running loose on fixed studs, either
the collars alone as in Fig. 4 or the collars and key washers combined as in Fig. 8
may be employed according to circumstances. Thus if a spur wheel runs horizontally
on a vertical stud pointing upwards a collar alone is sufficient, but if the stud points
downwards, so that the wheel would be constantly tending to run off the point of
the stud, a key washer is employed in combination with the collar, in order to
provide ample surface for the face of the wheel boss to run upon.
When the uses to which the collars are put render steel a suitable material for
their manufacture, it is preferred to impart the requisite resiliency to them by
hardening and tempering them after they are made as is usual in the case of steel
springs. Sometimes the steel collars may be coated with nickel tin or other metal
by known methods so as to protect them against corrosion. When however the
collars are for uses to which steel is unsuited they may be made of phosphor
bronze or other suitable metal, rendered resilient by cold rolling or other known
methods.
It will be obvious that the arrangements of collars, and of collars and key washers

page_text: combined described herein with reference to the drawings, are applicable to many
uses, similar to those which have been specified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described means for retaining wheels or other objects in place on
studs or the like, or for keeping in place joint-pins, cock-plugs or the like, consisting
of a collar made of resilient metal in the form of a split hollow truncated cone
arranged at its small end to enter an annular groove formed in a stud, pin, plug or
like part, and to grip the reduced part of the same, and at its larger end to bear
either directly, or indirectly through a washer, against the wheel or other object
to be retained in place, or within which the pin, plug, or the like is to be held,
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the several examples
illustrated.
2. The combination and arrangement of parts comprising a bolt, shaft or the like
with groove 5, a conical split collar such as referred to in Claim 1, a washer inter-
posed between the wheel or other object to be retained in place and the larger end
of the collar, and a pin or projecting portion 14 as shewn in Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 to
interlock with the collar.
3. The modification wherein a conical split collar such as referred to in Claim 1
is used in conjunction with a washer having a key or projection 14 (Fig. 12)
adapted to interlock the washer with the shaft or the like for the purpose specified.
4. The modification wherein there is employed in conjunction with a conical split
collar such as referred to in Claim 1 a pin 15 (Figs. 13 and 14) adapted to interlock
the collar 1 with the shaft or the like for the purpose specified.
5. The combination with a cock case or other object, of a plug or pin capable of
endwise movement within and relatively to the cock case or other object and
formed with an annular groove 5 the lower side or end 5" of which is made conical,
a conical split collar such as referred to in Claim 1 encircling the recessed part of
the plug or pin and bearing at its smaller end against the said conical side or end,
and a washer arranged between the larger end of the collar and the cock case
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 15 for the purpose
specified.
6. The combination and arrangement of parts comprising a bolt, shaft, or the
like, formed with several grooves 5 in succession, a ring or other object to be
retained in place, and a conical split collar such as referred to in Claim 1 arranged
to bear against the ring or other object and capable of engaging with either of said
grooves for the purpose of effecting endways adjustment of the collar as herein-
before described with reference to Fig. 17 for the purpose specified.
Dated this 26th day of November 1891
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.