Improvements in Boller Furnaces.
Year: 1894

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Boller Furnaces.
I, JUDSON WILLIAM WARNER, of 139 Main Street, Oneida, in the County of
Madison, and State of New York, United States of America, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The present invention is a sectional boiler especially designed for heating
purposes, and it has special reference to the construction of the boiler sections
whereby furnaces of different heating capacities can be readily formed, either with
a surface fuel feed, or a reservoir fuel feed, or, if desired, with double fire boxes,
and either, or both surface and reservoir feeds.
Another object of the invention is to produce a circulation of water through the
grate so as to keep down the temperature of the latter and thereby protect it from
the destructive action of the burning fuel.
The invention therefore consists in the novel construction of the boiler sections ;
in the novel arrangement of the water circulating pipes in the grate; and in
the novel construction and combinations of parts hereinafter fully described and
claimed.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 is a perspective view, partly broken, of my improved sectional
boiler.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central vertical section, and part side elevation of the
boiler.
Fig. 3 is a face view of one of the "reservoir" sections, and,
Fig. 4 is a face view of the opposite reservoir section; said Figs. 3 and 4
showing the "meeting faces" of said sections.
Fig. 5 is a face view of an intermediate section.
Fig. 6 is a view of the rear section.
Fig. 7 is a face view of the fire box dividing section.
Fig. 8 is a detail.
As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the boiler has two fire boxes, one of which is supplied
with fuel by hand as in ordinary surface burning furnaces; and the other is supplied
with fuel from a reservoir as in self-feeding furnaces. The fire boxes are situated
one behind the other, so that the heated products of combustion generated in the
first fire box pass through the flues of the second fire box on their way to the
chimney, and hence in moderate weather it is only necessary to employ one fire to
heat the entire boiler.
It will be perfectly feasible in the double heater to make both fire boxes surface
burners, or provide both with fuel reservoirs, as the furnace is made up of sections
which may be increased in number, and arranged as desired. I have shown in the
drawings one arrangement forming a very satisfactory boiler for heating large
buildings. I have further provided numerous brush openings in the sections, and
between the sections, so that the entire system of flues can be readily cleaned
without anyone having to crawl into the boiler, and without taking the sections
apart, and some of these brush openings or passages perform a most important
office in assisting in establishing thorough circulation of heated products upward
between and around the water legs, and in a natural course from the fire to the
smoke flue, without diminishing the surface exposed to the radiated heat of the fire,

page_text: .
and increasing the water heating surface in direct contact with the products of
combustion. I will now describe the boiler in detail, referring to similar parts by
similar letters and numerals of reference.
The boiler shown is composed of a front section A, then five similar sections B,
then an intermediate section C dividing the two fire boxes, then another section B,
then two fuel reservoir sections D, E, followed by another section B, and a rear
section F. Twelve sections in all.
Section A consists of two vertical hollow water legs A' A' connected at top by a
transverse water holding limb or portion A' below which is another transverse water
holding limb A³, the opening between said limbs and the legs being closed by a
door a by which access can be had to the flues.
Intermediate limb A' and the bottom of the sections is a transverse hollow limb A⭑
which forms the front wall of the fire chamber 1. The opening between limbs A* A*
and legs A¹ is closed by a door a' through which access can be had to the fire
chamber 1. The bottom of the water legs may be connected by a transverse hollow
limb A, and the opening between the limbs A A' and legs A' may be closed by a
door a³ through which access can be had to the ashpit. The front section may have
lateral flanges A on its sides through which pass the section uniting bolts herein-
after referred to. Through the limbs A, A, are made transverse brush openings A'
which are produced by casting or otherwise forming transverse tubes in the limbs
open at both ends as shown. The outer ends of said brush openings are closed by
caps or covers a' as shown.
Each section B consists of two vertical water legs B' connected at top by a
tubular limb B' below which is another limb B³, and below this (about centre of
legs B¹) is another limb B which latter is, as shown, deeper than either of the
other limbs so as to have the most water surface in that part of the section exposed
to the fiercest heat. The limbs B' may also be connected at bottom by a transverse
limb B. The limbs B' B' may be directly connected at centre by a vertical
hollow tube B, and limbs B' B², by a similar tube B'. By this means a most
thorough circulation of water is provided, and a large water heating surface exposed
to the heated products of combustion.
Through each limb B³, B³, B', are formed brush openings 6 similar to those in
section A, and formed relatively thereto so that when a section or sections B are
set up with sections A the brush openings correspond in the several sections, and
form direct passages longitudinally through the boiler. Access to the brush
openings in limbs B' is had through door a of section A.
The section C is constructed like sections B with but one difference, which is,
that instead of having supports for a grate as do sections B, it has an additional
transverse limb C' which ousts the grate bar and forms a bridge wall or back
of fire chamber 1, as shown in Fig. 2. Like parts and features of sections B and C
are similarly lettered.
The grate sections D E are constructed with legs and limbs like sections B, but
in the meeting faces of sections D E, which are always to be placed together, is
formed the coal reservoir or feeder, half in each section. The opposed faces of the
sections D E as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 have a curved shallow channel D' E'
respectively formed in them. The front and back walls de of this channel extend
between limbs B', B³, and B³ B³, and are hollow as shown, the lower end of the
channel terminating at the lower edge and centrally of limb B', and at the upper
end of the channel terminating at the side of the section and at end of limb B'.
The walls de, also form part of the walls of the limbs B* B'B', which are narrowed
by said channel. The top and bottom or opposite side walls d'e¹ d'e of this
channel in the respective sections are so formed that when the sections D E are put
together, a close continuous passage or fuel reservoir or feeder is produced between
said sections as shown. The upper end of said reservoir is closed by a door D³ in the
side of the complete boiler as shown. This construction enables the reservoir to be
more readily filled than if it were on top of the boiler. The brush openings may
extend through the front and back walls of the reservoir section if desired.

page_text: A damper E is located in the upper part of the reservoir and can be adjusted by
a damper rod E as indicated in the drawings, so that before the door can be opened
the damper rod has to be thrown back which opens the damper inside and allows
the gas which has accumulated in the top of the coal to pass off into the flue,
which otherwise would ignite and explode on opening the door. The rear section F
corresponds in contour with the other sections and has an opening F' for the escape
of the products of combustion near its top about opposite the flues between
limbs B2 B3, then it has another opening F2 below the level of limb B' closed by
a suitable door through which access can be had to the fire chamber, and below
this another opening F³ closed by a suitable door through which access can be had
to the ash pit. The section is hollow and water can circulate therethrough
substantially as in the front section. It may also be formed with brush openings if
desired.
As shown in Fig. 2 a second fire chamber 2 is formed between section C and rear
section F by the intermediate sections B, D, E, B, and access is had thereto
through opening F in the rear section, and to the ash pit thereunder through
opening F. It will be noticed that the limbs of the intermediate sections are
somewhat oval shaped, being wider at top so that when the sections are assembled
together the limbs touch at the top thus forming closed transverse spaces or
pockets 3 in the top of the fire chamber, and in the longitudinal flues 4, 5 formed
between the series of limbs B, B³, and B³, B³, as shown. These pockets serve to
trap the heat, but it is not confined therein, simply retarded, as the openings 6 b
form short connecting flues between the pockets so that the heat circulates up into
the pockets and then along through openings 6 between the pockets to the ends of
the flue as indicated by the tailless arrows in Fig. 2, while the heavier currents
proceed through the main flues as indicated by the ordinary arrows in said figure.
By this inter-circulation between the pockets the heat is induced to ascend thereinto
and clogging thereof by deposits of dust and soot is retarded and the limbs and
pockets are subject to both direct and radiant heat, but if openings 6 were omitted
and the pockets closed at top, only radiant heat would enter therein.
The sections have lateral perforated ears G on their sides through which pass
bolts 9, 9, uniting adjoining sections as indicated in the drawings.
The bolts may
pass through the side flanges of the front section and through the rear section as
indicated in the drawings. It will be seen that by this fastening any number of
the sections may be united in any order desired. The several sections are formed
on their opposed faces respectively, near their outer edges with grooves and tongues
as indicated at H H, Fig. 8 so that a close joint ean be made between the sections
from the outside. Lateral transverse recesses 1, l, are made in the opposed faces of
adjoining sections, and when the sections are secured together these recesses form
brush openings in the side of the boiler through which access can be had to the
pockets above the fire chamber for cleansing them. These openings are closed by
suitable doors L which may be secured to frames L' bolted on the sections as
indicated in the drawings.
b
I I designate water pipes extending transversely through the grate supporting
sections, and lying just beneath and in contact with the grate and forming part
thereof. In practice I propose to mount the grate pieces on these pipes. Each
pipe I is preferably connected at one end by a suitable joint D¹ higher than the
grate to the section by which it is supported, and at the other end to the opposite
side of the section, or it may be connected by a pipe i to the front or rear section
as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 which is below the grate. By this means a more direct
and powerful circulation of water through the pipes is produced, and the tem-
perature of the grate is reduced and utilized to raise the temperature of the water.
Each section is connected at bottom to a drum J by suitable couplings j, and at top
to a drum K by couplings k. If desired each section, or any set of sections, may
be directly connected to a radiator, so that different and independent water circuits
are established from and to the boiler through different or independent boiler
sections, and those sections subjected to greatest heat made to serve radiators

page_text: farthest from the boiler. It will be of course obvious that sections C, D, E, may
be omitted when it is desired to make only a surface burning boiler. Or that
section C may be omitted, or sections D, E, transposed to the central portion of
the boiler when it is desired to have a self feeding boiler, and that the length and
capacity of the boiler may be governed by the number of sections used in it.
It will be seen that each and every section extends from the top down to the
very bottom of boiler, forming as it does, a sectional base, which feature is new and
very essential, as it often happens after a boiler has been set up, it is found too
small, or for some reason it is necessary to increase the size, which in my boiler can
be done by simply removing the front or back section and adding as many more as
may be necessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a sectional boiler, the combination with the front, rear and intermediate
water holding sections, of a series of independent water-circulating pipes extending
between fire-chamber and ash pit and connected by one end to an intermediate
section, and by the other end to the front or rear section, substantially as set
forth.
2. In a sectional boiler, the combination with a water holding section, having
vertical water bolding legs and transverse water-holding limbs, and constituting
part of the fire chamber and flue passages of a separate water circulating pipe
extending transversely between and entirely through the legs of the rection, below
and adapted to sustain a grate piece, substantially as described.
3. In a sectional boiler the combination of the front, rear, and. intermediate
sections, and the sections D, E, having legs B' and transverse limbs B* B* B*, and
coal reservoir formed in the opposed faces of said sections, opening at the side of
the boiler, and the water drum at top of the boiler, substantially as specified.
4. In a boiler having horizontal return flue passages, the combination of the
hollow front and rear sections and hollow intermediate sections, constructed
substantially as described so that each forms and contains part of the base, ash-pit,
fire chamber and upper and lower flue passages of the boiler and supports part of
the grate; and a grate piece mounted on each of said intermediate sections;
between the ash-pit and fire chamber portions thereof; with another intermediate
section similar to the others but having the grate piece replaced by an integral
hollow water circulating limb, whereby two fire chambers are formed in the boiler,
substantially as set forth.
5. In a return flue boiler, the combination of the transverse sections forming part
of the ash-pit, fire chamber, and having transverse water holding limbs above the
fire chamber, and pockets intermediate said limbs; and lateral recesses in the
meeting faces of the sections forming openings in the sides of the boiler at the ends
of said pockets for cleaning them, substantially as specified.
6. In a return flue boiler furnace, the combination of the separate sections each
forming part of the ash-pit and fire chamber and having transverse water holding
limbs above the fire chamber, and pockets intermediate said limbs; and recesses in
the meeting faces of the sections forming lateral openings in the sides of the boiler
at the ends of said pockets, and transverse openings through said limbs, substantially
as set forth.
7. In a return flue sectional boiler, the combination of similar transverse water
holding sections each forming part of the base, ash pit, fire chamber, and flue
passages, and having lateral recesses in their opposed meeting faces forming brush
openings between the sections, substantially as described.
8. For a sectional boiler, the herein described water holding section B, having
vertical legs B', transverse limbs B2, B3, B4, and brush openings b in said limbs,
and lateral recesses in its sides at the ends of the lower limbs, substantially as set
forth

page_text: 9. For a sectional horizontal return flue boiler, the herein described water
holding section C, having vertical legs B', transverse limbs B', B*, B*, and hollow
transverse back C¹ below and separated from said limbs, constructed as shown.
10. For a sectional boiler, the herein described section C, having vertical legs B',
transverse limbs B2, B3, B4, hollow transverse water back C' below said limbs,.
brush openings through said limbs, and lateral recesses in the legs adjoining the
lower limbs, for the purpose specified.
11. In a sectional boiler the combination of the front section A, rear section F,.
intermediate sections B, and intermediate coal reservoir sections D, E, the water
circulating pipes supported in sections B, D, E, and extending therethrough com-
municating at their opposite ends with separate sections by connections exterior to
the sections, and the supply and return pipes, all substantially as set forth.
12. The combination of the middle section C, the fuel feed reservoir
sections D, E, having curved reservoir channels in their meeting faces at one side
of the section C, the intermediate similar sections B, B, at each side of section C,.
and the outermost front and rear sections A and F, each section forming part of
the base, ash-pit, fire chamber and flue passages, and all combined to form a
horizontal return flue boiler, having two fire chambers, one of which is beneath the
feed reservoir, substantially as specified.
13. The improvements in boiler furnaces, substantially as and for the purposes.
herein before described, set forth, and illustrated in the drawings annexed.
Dated this 18th day of January 1894.
F. W. BARKER,
Applicant's Agent.