Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Dec., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines.
We, WILLIAM JOHN CROSSLEY, of Crossley Brothers, Limited, Openshaw,
Manchester, and JAMES ATKINSON, of The Woodlands, Marple, Cheshire,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In large internal combustion engines the great volume of heat generated in
the cylinder necessitates novel designs and constructions differing from what
would be permissible in smaller engines and our invention relates to such im-
proved methods, mainly consisting in the arrangement of the metal at the com-
bustion end of the cylinder, the arrangement of and means for operating the
exhaust valve, and the provision for thoroughly cleaning the internal surfaces
of the water jacket.
In large internal combustion engine cylinders it is necessary to water jacket
the combustion chamber thoroughly and to enable this water jacket to have full
effect it is requisite that the metal forming the walls of this chamber shall be
kept as thin as possible. As it is also desirable that the combustion chamber,
with its outer walls, should form one casting great care has to be taken that the
casting is one which will be as far as possible free from internal strains due to
unequal expansion and contraction. We form our improved combustion chamber
casting with a large circular opening in the outer walls, say of approximately
the diameter of the bore of the cylinder and having its centre on the axial line.
The metal round this hole is purposely made very much more substantial than is
usual, being about the same thickness as, or thicker than, that of the inner
walls which as previously stated are kept as thin as possible. The inner walls
are joined to the outer walls by suitable ribs which enable the outer walls to
assist in taking some of the strains to which the inner walls are subject. The
metal being thus of more uniform thickness throughout and the large opening
being in the outer walls the casting is one which can be cast without much risk
of internal strains due to shrinkage as well as being better able to resist the
working strains due to the high temperature of the inner walls and the ignition
pressure in the cylinder. The large hole in the outer walls is covered with a
thin cover which can readily be removed for cleaning purposes allowing free
access to the water surfaces of the combustion chamber walls.
A passage to the exhaust valve leads from the bottom of the combustion
chamber to a valve box which is bolted to the combustion chamber by substantial
bolts, the joint being a spigot and faucet joint. There is no water connection
through this joint as other suitable arrangements are provided for the water
circulation. The exhaust valve is a horizontal one, by preference of cast iron,
cored out inside and if necessary provided with an internal water circulation;
it is also arranged with a substantial guide spindle on its head working in a bored
guide surface in a water jacketted cover, the weight of the valve is thus
thoroughly supported on both sides of the valve seating.
The outer end of the exhaust valve spindle is arranged conveniently near the
cam shaft which is placed as is usual in this type of engine and the valve can

page_text: be operated by means of a compact rocking piece which transmits the motion of
the cam roller in a very direct manner without putting much strain on the pin
on which it rocks, also being comparatively small and light the inertia strains
are small.
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Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines.
We, WILLIAM JOHN CROSSLEY, of Crossley Brothers, Limited, Openshaw,
Manchester, and JAMES ATKINSON, of The Woodlands, Marple, Cheshire,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
In large internal combustion engines the great volume of heat generated in
the cylinder necessitates novel designs and constructions differing from what
would be permissible in smaller engines and our invention relates to such im-
proved methods, mainly consisting in the arrangement of the metal at the com-
bustion end of the cylinder, the arrangement of and means for operating the
exhaust valve, and the provision for thoroughly cleaning the internal surfaces
of the water jacket.
To enable our invention to be properly understood we append a sheet of draw-
ings in which Fig. 1 is an end elevation partly in section, Fig. 2 is a sectional
elevation at right angles to Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a sectional plan.
In large internal combustion engine cylinders it is necessary to water jacket
the combustion chamber thoroughly and to enable this water jacket to have full
effect it is requisite that the metal forming the walls of this chamber should be
kept as thin as possible. As it is also desirable that the combustion chamber,
with its outer walls, should form one casting great care has to be taken that the
casting is one which will be. as far as possible free from internal strains due to
unequal expansion and contraction. We form our improved combustion chamber
casting with a large circular opening A in the outer walls, say of approximately
the diameter of the bore of the cylinder and having its centre on the axial line
as shown. The metal round this hole is purposely made very much more sub-
stantial than is usual, being about the same thickness as, or thicker than, that
of the inner walls B which as previously stated are kept as thin as possible. The
inner walls are joined to the outer walls by substantial ribs C which enable the
outer walls to assist in taking some of the strains to which the inner walls are
subject. The metal being thus of more uniform thickness throughout and the
large opening A being in the outer walls the casting is one which can be cast
without much risk of internal strains due to shrinkage as well as being better
able to resist the working strains due to the high temperature of the inner walls B
and the ignition pressure in the cylinder. The large hole A in the outer walls
is covered with a thin cover D which can readily be removed for cleaning pur-
poses allowing free access to the water surfaces of the combustion chamber
walls B.
A passage E to the exhaust valve F leads from the bottom of the combustion
chamber to a valve box G which is bolted to the combustion chamber by sub-
stantial bolts, the joint H being a spigot and faucet joint. There is no water
connection through this joint as other suitable arrangements are provided for

page_text: the water circulation. The exhaust valve F is a horizontal one as shown in the
drawings, by preference of cast iron, cored out inside and if necessary provided
with an internal water circulation; it is also arranged with a substantial guide
spindle I on its head working in a bored guide surface in a water jacketted
cover J, the weight of the valve is thus thoroughly supported on both sides of
the valve seating.
The outer end K of the exhaust valve spindle is arranged conveniently near
the cam shaft L which is placed as is usual in this type of engine, the valve can
be operated by means of a compact rocking piece M which transmits the motion
of the cam roller N in a very direct manner without putting much strain on
the pin O on which it rocks, also being comparatively small and light the inertia
strains are small.
Although we have described and illustrated a horizontal exhaust valve we
may use one placed vertically or inclined in conjunction with the special arrange-
ment of cylinder end and large cleaning door.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is;-
1. The general arrangement and construction of the combustion end of an
internal combustion engine having metal of approximately similar thickness
round the actual combustion chamber and in the outer shell joined by suitable
ribs or passages there being a large opening in the outer end of the outer shell
covered by a detachable cover thus making a casting not liable to casting strains
and providing convenience for thoroughly cleaning the water surfaces of the
water jacket substantially as described and illustrated.
2. The general arrangement and combination of an internal combustion engine
cylinder as described in Claim 1 with exhaust valve placed in a separate valve
box bolted to the main casting as described and illustrated.
3. The general arrangement and combination of an internal combustion
engine cylinder as described in Claim 1 with a horizontal exhaust valve placed
in a separate valve box bolted to the main casting and operated by the rocking
piece M as described and illustrated.
4. The general arrangement and construction of the cylinder of internal com-
bustion motors and of their exhaust valves with the method of operating them
as described and illustrated.
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