IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLETREES
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
ANTHONY ALPHONSE BOUNEVIALLE BOUVEIRON, of Bordeaux, in the Kingdom
of France, now of Trevor Square, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-first day of December, in the fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Anthony Alphonse Bounevialle Bouveiron, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Henry
Anthony Alphonse Bounevialle Bouveiron, my exors, admors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Henry Anthony Alphonse Bounevialle Bouveiron,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Ber❤
wick-upon-Tweed, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, and in the Isles of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Mann, the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLETREES," Communicated to me by a certain

page_text: Foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Henry Anthony Alphonse Bounevialle Bouveiron, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Henry Anthony Alphonse Bounevialle Bouveiron, do hereby declare that
the nature of the said Invention, and in what. manner. the same is to be
performed, are particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
The Invention relates to a mode of constructing and applying axletrees of
carriages, which are applicable to carriages used on ordinary roads, and also to
carriages on railways.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
G is the axletree, made of iron, turned round in the form of a spindle; its
inner end is in the form of a pulley, with flat bottom, and two rings M, M,
which are placed between the two grooves of the cross-piece N. The part P
is cylindrical, and passes through the forked piece H. The conical part J is
passed through the wheel C, which is placed vertically on its upper circum-
ference, which is placed horizontally by the effect of the crossing of two axle-
trees. The end of the axle, instead of being round, is square, and also of a
conical form; the nave is passed into this, which ought to be perfectly
adjusted, laying on one side close to the ring of the axletree, and on the other
side by the nut, and a linch pin at its end to prevent the turning of
the screw. The parts M, M, S, P, and J should be hardened.
The wheel C, Figure 2, is of iron, grooved on its side for the purpose of
diminishing its weight and solidity; it is fixed on a steel or other suitable axis.
The two journals and also the wheel should be turned and tempered; there
should be at the end of the journals a projection, which (if required) will serve
to prevent any deviation from the wheel bearer, and preserve also that part from
the contact of anything that might introduce itself in the reservoir of the oil.
The wheel bearer E, Figure 8, is also of iron; it requires much care in order
that the wheel may be always at liberty to turn on its two journals; the upper
grooved part is of steel and hardened, perfectly adjusted on slides into the
upright supports. On the top of the last one is placed a metal box of any

page_text: suitable form, and under the box is affixed a tube which passes through its
bottom; this tube runs through underneath the upper part of the wheel bearer
and of the upper groove through a hole therein. This tube rises inside of the
box or reservoir near to the top in such a way that by putting in a cotton
wick, which is held at its end and close to the round part of the groove on
which rests the journal, this wick rises and projects at the other end of the
box, and, if required, can be fixed to it. In this manner the cotton will carry
up the smallest quantity of the oil of the reservoir to communicate by the tube
to the journal. There is over this box or reservoir an opening for the purpose
of putting in the oil when it is required, which opening, when not required to
be opened, is hermetically closed by a metal screwed cork, or other suitable
means, in such a manner that the reservoir when filled with oil will only give
it off by the wick and in such a quantity as to supply the bearings, which by
its gentle rotation requires very little. That wheel bearer E is adapted and
fixed (and moves by its ends) by two tenons L placed under the frame D that
runs through it, and by a screw on the upper part. A bridge with two bolts can
be employed, as shewn at Figure 2, R. The cross piece N, Figure 4, moving
on its two tenons L, that are fixed to the frame D on the upper part, receives in
its centre the part S of the axletree. The groove of the upper part is fixed to
the cross piece by two screwed bolts, and carries over it a box or reservoir of
oil similar to the one described as above, which supplies the parts that supports
the friction of the pulley. The object of the forked piece H, Figure 5, is to
maintain, by means of the cylindrical part P, the axletree continually under
the vertical line of the wheel C. This piece is fixed at its ends to the frame D
with screwed bolts, and the surfaces which rest against the axletree are made
round and tempered to diminish the friction in that part, the friction of which
is very slight. The frame D, Figures 6, 7, is of hard wood, covered on its
two surfaces by a sheet of iron. The springs are fixed upon the cross
piece of the end of the frame, which is covered with iron on the top and
bottom.
Figure 6 represents the carriage fixed on the wheels as seen from under-
neath. The Figure 7 represents a horizontal view of the same. The Figure 8
represents a side view. The Figure 9 represents an end view.
The application of the system to coaches or waggons procures undeniable
advantages, which are easily explained.
First, it requires less power than the ordinary system. The friction being
considerably reduced on account of the axletree being fixed in a solid manner
to the wheel with which it turns; the part supporting the weight turns under a
moving fulcrum, and under a wheel three, four, and five times larger, which is

page_text: to it as a railroad instead of supporting a friction. In this way the load
rolling on the axletree and more above the centre of gravity, requires less
drawing to show the resistance, which exists between the load and the earth.
Second, the fixtures are reduced by the suppression of the boxes in the
naves turning on their axes as are usually employed.
In witness whereof, I the said Henry Anthony Alphonse Bounevialle
Bouveiron, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of
June, One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.