IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING MATERIAL IMITATING LEATHER, FABRICS AND THE LIKE, ALSO WOOD, STONE OR OTHER SURFACES, EMBOSSED OR OTHERWISE FIGURED "
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Loewenberg of Charlottenburg near Berlin in the
Empire of Germany, but at present of N° 20 Sonthampton Buildings Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING MATERIAL IMITATING
LEATHER, FABRICS AND THE LIKE, ALSO WOOD, STONE OR OTHER SURFACES,
EMBOSSED OR OTHERWISE FIGURED
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Loewenberg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1875.
HENRY LOEWENBERG of Charlottenburg near Berlin in the Empire of Germany,
but at present of N° 20 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING
MATERIAL IMITATING LEATHER, FABRICS, AND THE LIKE, ALSO WOOD, STONE OR
OTHER SURFACES, EMBOSSED OR OTHERWISE FIGURED"
This Invention relates to the production of material of a kind which has been
employed to imitate leather, fabrics and like articles, such material consisting
usually of some texture faced with an enamelling material such as compounds of
glue and glycerine or other gummy or resinous matter combined with oleaginous
or saponaceous matter, as described in the Specification of a Patent granted to
William Clark on the 15th April 1865 being a communication from me the said
Henry Loewenberg and Emile Granier, and as described also in a Provisional
Specification filed by me on the 4th February 1875.
My present improvements relate to the compounding of the enamelling material,
to the inethod of obtaining on it the cast of the article to be imitated, and to
apparatus employed for that purpose.
The enamelling compound which I use by preference for imitating leathor or
woven goods is made of a mixture of about 16 parts of a solution of glue of tho
consistency of honey or molasses with 6 to 9 parts of Glycerine at 30° Beaumé,
from 5 to 8 parts of soap or oil, and from 2 to 5 parts of colouring matter.

page_text: For imitating wood, stone and the like, I use 32 parts of the glue solution with
5 to 7 parts of glycerine, 3 to 5 parts of soap or oil and from 4 to 8 parts of
colouring matter; the oil employed being by preference boiled linseed oil. The
proportions may be varied according to the nature of the article to be produced,
a larger quantity of glue being used when greater hardness is required.
The compound brought by heat into a fluid state is applied by means of apparatus
which I will presently describe, either with or without a backing of paper or
woven fabric, ly spreading it over a mould previously prepared by taking a cast
from the article or surface to be imitated. Such cast may be taken in any of the
known ways by pouring on the surface to be copied a fluid that will set, entering
readily into the cavities of the pattern. I prefer however for taking such casts to
employ a compound consisting of about 8 parts of the glue solution above referred
to with from about 2 to 3 parts of Glycerine at 30° Beaumé. To prevent adhesion
to the mould I treat it with chromic acid, acetate of iron or other known substances
having analogous properties and a like treatment may also be applied to the
enamelled surface after it is taken from the mould, when it is desired to render it
waterproof and heat resisting.
The apparatus which I employ for producing the imitation material is intended
to effect the moulding, spreading and backing of the enamelling material in an
extended web or piece at one operation without having recourse to pressure, which
interferes with the sharpness and accuracy of the cast. For this purpose I provido
a level table on which is placed the mould or surface cast from the pattern. At
each edge of the table is provided a straight guide along which a framing can be
caused to slide longitudinally like the rest of a lathe. On this framing I mount
a trough or vessel of nearly semi-cylindrical shape containing the fluid enamelling
compound, the said vessel being mounted on trunnions so that it can be tilted,
causing its contents to be poured out at one edge in a broad stream. Behind this
vessel I mount a roller having wound on it the paper or woven fabric which is to
form the backing of the enamel. The end of the said fabric is passed between a
guide roller and a pressing roller and is brought under a knife or scraper (which
extends across the moulding table) and is fixed to one end of the table. The knife
or scraper which is fixed to the sliding frame can be adjusted at any desired
height, determining thereby the thickness of the enamel. The sliding frame with
its rollers, knife and vessel being started from one end of the table is moved along
the table, the vessel is tilted so as to pour on to the table a portion of the com-
pound and as the fabric follows it unrolling itself from the roller the knife effects
the uniform spreading of the material over the surface of the cast on the table.
At the side of the table is a sloping rail upon which bears an arm attached to
the vessel containing the compound, so that as the vessel travels along, the said
arm in moving along the rail causes the vessel to be more and more tilted, thus
insuring a uniform discharge of the compound therefrom.
When the enameling compound is to be employed without any backing the
same apparatus as above described may be employed without the paper or other
texture the knife having the effect of ovenly spreading the compound over the
table.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Loewenberg in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th October 1875.
HENRY LOEWENBERG of Charlottenberg near Berlin in the Empire of Germany
but at present of N° 20 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING
MATERIAL IMITATING LEATHER FABRICS AND THE LIKE ALSO WOOD, STONE OR
OTHER SURFACES EMBOSSED OR OTHERWISE FIGURED
"
This invention relates to the production of material of a kind which has been
employed to imitate leather, fabrics and like articles, such material consisting
usually of some texture faced with an enamelling material such as compounds of
glue and glycerine or other gummy or resinous matter combined with oleaginous
or saponaceous matter as described in the Specification of a Patent granted to
William Clark on the 16th April 1865 being a communication from me the said
Henry Loewenberg and Emile Granier, and as described also in a provisional
Specification filed by me on the 4th February 1875.
My present improvements relate to the compounding of the enamelling material,
to the method of obtaining on it the cast of the article to be imitated, and to
apparatus employed for that purpose.
The enamelling compound which I use by preference for imitating leather or
woven goods is made of a mixture of about 16 parts of a solution of glue of the
consistency of honey or molasses with 6 to 9 parts of glycerine at 30° Benumé,
from 5 to 8 parts of soap or oil, and from 2 to 5 parts of colouring matter.
For imitating wood, stone and the like I use 32 parts of the glue solution with 5
to 7 parts of glycerine, 3 to 5 parts of soap or oil and from 4 to 8 parts of colouring
matter; the oil employed being by preference boiled linseed oil. The proportions
may be varied according to the nature of the article to be produced, à larger
quantity of glue being used when greater hardness is required.
The compound brought by heat into a fluid state is applied by means of apparatus
which I will presently describe, either with or without a backing of paper or woven
fabric, by spreading it over a mould previously prepared by taking a cast from the
article or surface to be imitated. Such cast may be taken in any of the known
ways by pouring on the surface to be copied a fluid that will set, entering readily
into the cavities of the pattern. I prefer however for taking such casts to employ
a compound consisting of about 8 parts of the glue solution above referred to with
from about 2 to 3 parts of glycerine at 30° Beaumé. To prevent adhesion to the
mould I treat it with chromic acid, acetate of iron or other known substances
having analogous properties and a like treatment may also be applied to the
enamelled surface after it is taken from the mould, when it is desired to render it
waterproof and beat resisting.
The apparatus which I prefer to employ for producing the imitation material
and which is shewn in part side elevation and in end elevation respectively in
Figs 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing, is intended to effect the moulding,
spreading and backing of the enamelling material in an extended web or piece at
one operation without having recourse to pressure which interferes with the
sharpness and accuracy of the cast. For this purpose I provide a level table a a
on which is placed the mould or surface cast from the pattern At each edge of
the table is provided a straight guide a' along which a framing 6 can be caused to
slide longitudinally like the rest of a lathe. On this framing I mount a trough or
vessol c of nearly semicylindrical shape containing the fluid enamelling compound,
11147 WV 99205

page_text: the said vessel being mounted on trunnions c³ so that it can be tilted, causing its
contents to be poured out at one edge in a broad stream. Bebind this vessel I
mount a roller d having wound on it the paper or woven fabric which is to form
the backing of the enamel. The end of the said fabric is passed between a guide
roller e and a pressing roller fand is brought under a knife or scraper g (which
extends across the moulding table) and is fixed to one end of the table. The knife
or scraper which is fixed to the sliding frame b can be adjusted at any desired
height, determining thereby the thickness of the enamel. The sliding frame with
its rollers, knife and vessel being started from one end of the table is moved along
the table, the vessel c is tilted so as to pour on to the table a portion of the
compound and as the fabric follows it unrolling itself from the roller the knife
effects the uniform. spreading of the material over the surface of the cast on
the table.
At the side of the table is a sloping rail h upon which bears an arm i attached
to a segment k in gear with a pinion on the trunnion of the vessel containing the
compound, so that as the vessel travels along, the said arm in moving along the
rail causes the vessel to be more and more tilted, thus insuring a uniform discharge
of the compound therefrom.
When the enamelling compound is to be employed without any backing the
same apparatus as above described may be employed without the paper or other
texture, the knife having the effect of evenly spreading the compound over the
table.
Having thus described the nature of my invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I heroby declare that I make no general claim to apparatus
such as I have described, as I have since filing my Provisional Specification found
that similar apparatus has already been published by my American Licensee, but I
claim :-
First. The use for producing material in imitation of leather, fabrics, wood stono
or other surfaces embossed or otherwise figured, of compounds prepared by a
mixture of the substances herein before mentioned, in the proportions substantially
as herein set forth.
Second. The method of applying the said compounds to moulded or figured surfaces
by simply spreading them thereon, without pressure.
Third. In apparatus employed for spreading the said compounds, the use of a
supply vessel mounted on trunnions and gradually tilted by an arm moving along
an incline, substantially as herein described.
In Witness whereof I the said Henry Loewenberg have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twenty first day of October in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy five.
DENDY TOEWENDEDA
G