Improvements in or relating to Wall or other Painting or Decorating.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar., 1894-Accepted, 1st June, 1854
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Wall or other Painting or
Decorating.
I, ADOLF WILHELM KEIM, of Grünwald near Munich in the Empire of
Germany, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to the painting or decoration of walls and the like such as
fresco painting as well as removable paintings, easel pictures, tapestries, scene
painting &c., to the ground or surface upon which the painting is to be made, to
the fixing of the work and colours when finished and to the preparation of special
colours for such paintings. The invention is to some extent a development of and
improvement upon the well-known Mineral Malerei process invented by me.
For the ground or foundation is employed a plaster of 4 parts of marble sand by
measure and one of Portland cement and as much water as required, with 100 parts
of which 4 parts of finely powdered carbonate of baryta are thoroughly mixed.
This ground or plaster is to be laid on to the thickness of 2 or at least 1 centimetres
and whilst drying is to be moistened from time to time for a few days. In order to
make this plaster suitable for the painting ground, that is to say, in case it should
have lost porosity too much whilst drying, the thin coating on the surface may be
removed by means of a sharp tool.
The painting surface may be prepared in the following manner;-White kaolin,
chalk, Carrara marble, powdered white quartz and a small quantity of silicate of
potash is powdered and mixed, formed into balls or lumps, and burnt. This is
again reduced to powder, mixed with about 8 per cent. by measure of carbonate of
Laryta, and to this is added quartz or marble sand in the proportion of from 4 to
6 parts of the latter to 1 part of the former. This is then mixed with water and
laid on the foundation. This painting-ground is also to be kept moist for several
days. According to requirements, as for example, for my Mineral Malerei process
the ground is to have the pores opened with hydrofluo silicic acid and then
hardened by means of an application of silicate of potash.
For oil-painting, distemper, caseine, colours etc., it is to be treated only with the
hydrofluo silicic acid and hardened by an application of carbonate of ammonia.
For my "Mineral Malerei" process or method the colours known as Kein's mineral
colours are used for the painting which are similarly mixed with 10 per cent. of
carbonate of baryta. The process of fixation follows first with Keim's (my own)
well-known fixing solution and when this fixing is thoroughly dry, the painting is
further treated with a solution of 15 parts of sulphate of ammonia and 5 parts of
ammonia-alum and 20 parts of distilled water, by washing the whole surface of the
painting with this last solution three or four times thoroughly. By this means the
silicates and sulphate of baryta necessary to bind together the whole mass and to
protect it against the action of acids and deleterious atmospheric influences are
formed.
The colours which are only employed for such purposes as ordinary house-
painting, are prepared by being mixed with fluoride of calcium carbonate of baryta
and marble-meal, ground wet in a mill, dried and powdered. In application they
are mixed with a fixative which contains silicate of potash, pure precipitated silicic
acid, and in order to obtain a smooth and even consistency, starch. The colours
fixed by this means are treated in a manner similar to that described above with
sulphate of ammonia and ammonia-alum to harden them and are then washed with
clean water.

page_text: The proportions given above may be varied as also may the ingredients so long
as the proper results are secured.
Dated this 31st day of May 1893.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Of London, Liverpool, Nottingham, and Manchester,
Agents for the Applicant.
.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Wall or other Painting or
Decorating.
I, ADOLF WILHELM KEIM of Grünwald near Munich in the Empire of
Germany, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the painting or decoration of walls and the like such as
fresco painting as well as removable paintings, easel pictures, tapestries, scene
painting etc., to the ground or surface upon which the painting is to be made, to the
fixing of the work and colours when finished and to the preparation of special
colours for such paintings. The invention is to some extent a development of
and improvement upon the well-known "Mineral Malerei" process invented
by me.
For the ground or foundation is employed a plaster of say 4 parts of marble-sand
by measure and one of Portland cement and as much water as required, with
100 parts of which 4 parts of finely powdered carbonate of baryta (witherite) are
thoroughly mixed. This ground or plaster is to be laid on to the thickness of 1
to 2 centimetres, and after it has set for several hours, it is covered with a fine
painting surface prepared in the following manner :-Pure white kaolin, white chalk
or Carrara marble, silicic hydrate quite free from iron, and a small quantity of
powdered silicate of potash are ground, mixed, formed into balls or lumps and
burut, so that the entire mass consists of the following proportions of the active
ingredients-viz. lime 70 per cent., amorphous silica 24 per cent., alumina 5 per cent.,
and alkali 2 per cent. This is again reduced to powder, mixed with about 8
per cent.
by measure of carbonate of baryta. To this is added quartz or marble-sand in
suitable proportion; and the proportion is determined by the kind of work to be
done, whether a coarse or fine grain is required, and whether the ground is to be
polished or not, inasmuch as only that prepared with marble-sand admits of being
polished. This is then mixed with water and laid on the foundation.
The facing or painting ground thus prepared is to be kept moist for several days,
to have the pores opened with fluo-silicic acid and then hardened by means of an
application of sulphate of ammonia. The facing and painting ground may be made
up in all colours, and also with all kinds of pigments.
For weather-proof paints, raw colours made permanent by means of alkali are
used and mixed with calcium fluoride alumina, and hydrated silica, as also
with 10 per cent. by measure of artificial carbonate of baryta. The process
of fixation follows first with Keim's (my own) well-known fixing solution
(Patent No. 40008) and when this fixing is thoroughly dry, the painting is
further treated with a heated solution of sulphate of ammonia with which a certain
proportion of ammonia-alum can be mixed, by washing the whole surface of the
painting therewith three or four times thoroughly. The addition of ammonia-alum
may amount to 4 per cent. of the warmed solution of sulphate of ammonia, which
solution should preferably be one part by weight of sulphate of ammonia in two
parts by weight of water. By this means the alkali-silicates decomposed or the
amorphous hydrated silica thrown down, and sulphate of baryta formed, as the

page_text: means to bind together the whole mass and to protect it against the action of acids
and deleterious atmospheric influences; and this is in fact the essential characteristic
of the process.
The colours for the weather-proof coating are prepared by being mixed with
fluoride of calcium carbonate of baryta and white chalk made wet, dried and
powdered. In application they are mixed with a fixative which preferably
contains 74 per cent. of silicate of potash, 4 per cent. of hydrated silicic acid,
and 22 per cent. of stiff starch. The colours thus prepared and applied are treated
in a manner similar to that described above with sulphate of ammonia and
ammonia-alum to fix and harden them.
The proportions given above may be varied as also may the ingredients so long
as the proper results are secured.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
A process for the preparation of wall-facing, stucco, plaster and other painting
grounds or surfaces for decoration, with the paints and colours or materials
necessary for the same in which as a binding and fixing ingredient for the
foundation finished painting surface and colour silicate of alumina and sulphate of
baryta are employed or otherwise after being duly and properly prepared in the
manner herein before described are developed and formed in the process of painting
and finishing the surface.
Dated this 1st day of March 1894.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.