Improvements in Kneading Machinery.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 27th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 30th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kneading Machinery.
I, EMILE VIOLLET, of 30, Boulevard St. Germain, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My present invention relates to improvements in kneading machinery, for
kneading dough for bread of different kinds, and other substances of the like
kind.
The improved machine consists of a suitable framework of iron or other suitable
material provided with a bearing at one end in which revolves a longitudinal shaft
having a screw thread upon a sufficient part of its length. At one end of this
shaft is fixed a toothed wheel with which gears a pinion driven by a fly wheel and
handle. Upon the other end of the shaft beyond the screw thread are fixed
kneading arms or plates of suitable shape. A trough, open above, is arranged
round the shaft and kneading arins, and is supported upon wheels which run upon
longitudinal rails on the sides of the frame, so that when the shaft is made to
revolve it causes the trough to move longitudinally by means of the screw, which
passes through a nut fixed to the end of the trough, at the same time that the
kneading arms revolve, the direction of movement of the trough depending upon
the direction in which the shaft is turned, and in this way the mixture and kneading
of the materials in the trough is very quickly and effectually accomplished. The
outer end of the shaft is supported in a bearing between the kneading arms, and
suspended from supports attached to the side frames. At each end of the screw
thread a part of the shaft is left plain so that the kneading arms can be turned
round without moving the trough end ways as above described.
Below the trough is fixed a projecting bracket, which slides upon a longitudinal
bar carried by the frame and provided with helical springs against which the
projection presses at the ends of the travel of the trough. To set the latter in
movement it is only necessary to reverse the direction of rotation of the handle and
one of the springs then brings the nut into gear with the screw thread.
A transverse dividing plate made in two halves may be arranged to fit round the
shaft and inside the trough between the kneading arms, when it is required to
mix or knead only a small quantity of dough.
In the improved kneading machine a very small power is required, and the
kneading can be completed at one operation upon any desired quantity of dough,
which may be either stift' or thin according to the character of the kneading arms
and of the material treated.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1890.
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kneading Machinery.
I, EMILE VIOLLET, of 30, Boulevard St. Germain, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying drawings:
―
In the said drawings, Figure 1 represents an end view of a machine embodying
the invention. Figure 2 represents a side elevation of the same partly broken

page_text: away, Figure 3 represents a detail view in elevation of one of the end frames,
Figure 4 represents a plan of the machine, the kneading-trough being removed,
Figure 5 represents in detail the dough-divider in front and edge elevation,
Figure 6 represents a similar view of one of the kneading blades, Figures 7, 8,
and 9 represent similar views of other kneading blades. Figure 10 represents a
modification of a part of the machine, partly in vertical section and partly in side
elevation, Figure 11 ropresents a side elevation of the kneading-machine embodying
the invention, partly broken away to show the divider in position.
A represents a screw shaft, which turns in bearings supported by end
frames B, B¹.
The frame 1 is provided at the top with additional hearings C for the short
shaft a, which has a pinion E and a By-wheel V mounted thereon. This_fly-wheel
Inay be provided with a handle m as shewn, and thus becomes a hand driving wheel,
or it may be driven by horse power or mechanical power in any convenient way.
The pinion E gears with a wheel E on the shaft A, so that the rotation of the
wheel turns the said shaft.
The kneading-trough R, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2, is longitudinally traversed
by this shaft and provided at one end or at each end with an internally screw-
thrended sleeve L, which engages with the screw thread on the said shaft under the
conditions hereinafter stated.
It is preferable to have such a sleeve at each end, but only one has been shown,
the other end of the said trough being broken away in Figure 2 to show certain
parts more clearly while this omitted end could not appear in Figure 1, and the
trough is wanting altogether in Figures 3 and 4. The trough is not supported by
the said shaft, but is provided with rollers G, which run on rails R, rigidly
attached to and supported by the end frames B. B'. An arm N, rigid with the nid
trough, extends downward in proximity to a rod which is attached to the said end
frames and parallel with the said screw shaft, but below the latter. This rod has
shoulders fixed on it near its ends, and springs surrounding the said rod, hear
outwardly against them, exerting at the other end their pressure inwardly against
the said arm when it is brought in contact with them.
The screw thread of the said shaft ends a little beyond the middle of the Intter,
leaving the part of the said shaft which is away from the gear wheel E¹ quite
smooth. On this smooth part the kneading blades P, P₁, 1, P, are mounted
being bolted to the said shaft. A rigid supporting frame S which may be dupli-
cated if desired extends down between two of these kneading blades in V shape,
allowing the said shalt to pass through its apex. The vertical side bars S of this
frame are rigid at their lower ends with the rails R³, so that the said frame S
supports the outer part of the shaft A. The dough divider or partition D is placed
between these kneading blades to confine the dough to the space operated on by the
outer blade only, in case no more than a small quantity of dough is to be
kneaded.
This divider or partition is preferably made in two pieces detachably connected
by small bars d on one piece or section, fitting into staples d' on the other section
ns shown.
The divider D as shown in Figure 11 is placed between the support S of the
shaft and the kneading blades P ; it serves to lessen the size of the available part
of the kneading trough in order to make a smaller quantity of dough. In this case
it is necessary to turn the fly wheel always in the same direction in order that the
knending trough may remain in place that is to say, so that the screw will not
engage with the screw thread which would cause the kneading trough to travel and
pack the dough together and cause the kneaders to turn in vacancy. The divider
can be made equally serviceable in the position of the kneading trough indicated by
Figure 11 when this has ended its course to the right. To put the divider in
position for operation, one half or section of it is first adjusted in the trough and
the second half or section is then placed thereon, and it is then fixed by means of a
little catch and plate on the upper half.

page_text: In the modification shown in Figure 7 the blade is attached to the shaft by
means of a sleeve fast on the said blade and extending partially round and bolted
to the said shaft. In Figure 9 a modified form of the blade is shown. In the
modification shown in Figure 10 the trough is supported on a smooth shaft a¹ and
provided with a downward extension, to which the internally screw-threaded
sleeve is attached, the screw-threaded shaft A, which engages with the said
sleeve, being arranged under the said trough. The kneading blades are not shown,
but must be mounted on the shaft a'.
The operation of the machine, as illustrated by Figures 1 to 9, inclusive, is as
follows: The trough being at the end of the screw threads, and the shaft A. being
turned in one direction the kneading blades are turned round, kneading the dough
in the trough, which remains stationary, the rotation of the shaft A in the opposite
direction causes, by the engagement of its screw threads with those in the sleeve or
sleeves L, the longitudinal movement of the trough on its tracks, the spring ♬ or
whichever may be in contact with the arm N, serving to hold the said screw threads
of the sleeve and shaft together for engagement at the beginning of such motion.
This travel of the trough of course brings a different part of it and of the dough
contained in it within the kneading action of the blades P, P¹, P", P",
The travel of the trough in the opposite direction is caused by a reversal of
motion, the engagement and operation being the same.
The operation of the modification shown in Figure 10 is essentially identical with
that above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In combination with a screw-threaded shaft and gearing for driving the same,
a trough provided with an internally screw-threaded sleeve which engages the
thread on the said shaft, rollers attached to the said trough, rails on which the said
rollers run, and kneading blades turning within the said trough, substantially as
described and illustrated.
2. In combination with a longitudinally travelling trough having rollers, a
rigid arm, and a screw-threaded sleeve, a track on which the said rollers run,
a screw-threaded shaft and its driving gear, kneading blades mounted on and
turning with the said shaft, and springs bearing, as explained, against the said arm
to force the said sleeve into engagement with the thread on the said shaft the latter
passing through the said sleeve and having smooth parts near each end, substantially
as described and illustrated.
3. In combination with a screw-threaded shaft smooth near its ends and carrying
kneading blades, a trough provided with rollers and a screw-threaded sleeve receiving
the said shaft, a track on which the said rollers run, and a divider or partition D,
which may be inserted between the kneading blades, the trough being moved longi-
tudinally or left stationary, at will, substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 97th day of Anvil 1801
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.