matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE LIME LIGHT
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward George Wood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1882.
EDWARD GEORGE WOOD, of 74 Cheapside, in the City of London, Optician,
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE LIME LIGHT
In the use of the Lime Light considerable inconvenience and difficulties have
arisen from various causes, foremost among which may be mentioned the liability
of the Lime Cylinder to crack or break when in use; also the streams of flame and
heated air which are deflected from the surface of the Lime when a cavity has been
formed in it by the action of the flame, and which deflected streams sometimes
impinge on the condensing lens and shiver it.-The Lime Cylinder also throws off
a quantity of disintegrated Lime which speedily in the old forms of apparatus;
covers the inside of the lantern with a white and almost impalpable powder.
The breaking of the lime Cylinder is generally caused by its being intensely
heated at the luminous point, whilst the back of it is exposed to, and cooled by,
currents of air of comparatively low temperature, this unequal heating of the parts,
and the consequent unequal expansion, causing the cracking and frequently the
entire disruption of the Cylinder.
Now the object of my Invention is to provide means whereby the Lime Cylinder
may be protected against contact with air of low temperature, and whereby the
particles of lime which would otherwise become diffused within the lantern are
carried away through the ventilator of the lantern and whereby the beating of
erratic deflected flames against the condenser is prevented.
In carrying this Invention into practice I provide a Lime light apparatus with a
device which protects the Lime Cylinder, confines the lime dust, and carries it off
in a current of air towards the ventilator, and also confines such deflected streams
of fame as might injure the condenser.
This device consists in a tubular shield preferably made of metal with which I
surround the lime Cylinder and whose diameter slightly exceeds that of the Lime,
its length being such that the Cylinder is covered thereby even when elevated to
its highest position. This tube is supported upon the base of the jet and does not
participate in the movements of the lime cylinder.-In the side of this tubular shield
opposite to the Gas jet I provide an elliptical aperture of sufficient size to allow all

page_text: the light that can be taken up by the condenser to pass, but small enough to
provent the escape from the Cylinder of the deflected streams of flame and
beated air.
This tubular shield besides, fulfilling the purposes already indicated has the further
advantage that the loose ragged flame which heretofore proved a serious source of
difficulty and of injury to the lantern, unduly henting it and rendering access to the
interior when in use difficult, is thereby utilized to increase the heating action
of the jet upon the lime, at the same time that the interior of the lantern is kept
comparatively cool
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THROWING BALLS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Wilhelm Wruuck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1882..
FRIEDRICH WILHELM WRUUCK of Anclam, German Empire "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR THROWING BALLS"
For the purpose of practising shooting at feathered game it is very usual to
throw glass balls into the air by appropriate apparatus so as to furnish the
marksman with a mark moving as if it were flying
Most of the apparatus hitherto used for the purpose are unwieldy and expensive
and moreover do not allow the direction of the throw to be sufficiently varied so
that the marksman is beforehand aware of this direction to the detriment of the
development of his skill.
The throwing apparatus to which this invention relates remedies these defects
and consists of a framing formed by two upright rods or bars connected by a board
below which forms a foot or base. By means of this board the apparatus may be
placed on a table and is kept in position by weights or otherwise.
The upright rods are provided at their upper ends with a number of notches so
as to allow the throwing device proper to be attached thereto at a suitable height.
This throwing device consists of India-rubber cords one end of each being attached
to the rods whilst their other ends are attached to a net like bag.
Into this bag is placed the glass or other ball which is to be propelled, the bag
is then taken hold of by means of a handle provided for the purpose and strongly
pulled thereby, so that the India rubber cords extend. If the handle is then
released the ball is thrown forward. This throwing can be effected in any direction
all round where it does not come in collision with the rods.
Morcover several bags may be provided whereby several balls can be thrown
simultaneously thus giving opportunity for shooting doubles.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING AND CLEANING TRAMWAY RAILS.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Percy Evans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1882.
THOMAS PERCY EVANS of East Greenwich in the County of Kent "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING AND CLEANING TRAMWAY RAILS
.
According to this Invention I provide on each side of the tram car truck or
other carriage and below the body of same a shoe for clearing and cleaning
the tram rail; each shoe is connected to the lower end of a stem or part which at
its upper end passes freely through a slot or guide and is held down by means of a
helical or other spring its lower end being also supported back and front by springs
passing up and connected to pillars or brackets so that the shoe in case it should
catch against any immovable object may be allowed to slip or bend up out of the
way. The tension of the spring on the stem and the depth of the latter below the
body of the carriage may be made adjustable. The shoes can be raised clear of the
rails or partly so by chain or other gear in connection with a treadle or lever
placed conveniently for the drivers or conductors foot or hand and at each end of
the car if the car is reversible. According to a modified arrangement the shank of
the shoe fits in a tubular part of the stem and is depressed by a helical spring
within the stem.
AN IMPROVED ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC METER FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hammond and Lazar
Goldenberg at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
2nd September 1882.
ROBERT HAMMOND and LAZAR GOLDENBERG, both of 110 Cannon Street in the
City of London, Electrical Engineers, AN IMPROVED ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC METER
FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS
"
Our invention relates to apparatus for the measurement of electric currents, by
which we are enabled to record the consumption of electricity upon dial plates, by
which the current is cut off when the meter ceases to act, and the action of which,
being dependent upon the flow of water, is constant.
Our invention consists essentially of the following: =
A solenoid is actuated by the service circuit, and its moving core is connected to
a coned or otherwise suitably formed valve which, in proportion to the orifice in
the supply pipe, controls the flow of water, supplied at a constant pressure, and
which entirely cuts it off when the current is not active. This flow of water enters
the cup of cataract valve, a projection on the weight or other moving part of
which engages with a toothed wheel every time it upsets, and gives the wheel a
partial revolution. This partial revolution is directly recorded upon a dial or dials
suitably graduated.
The flow of the water, taken from any convenient source of supply, is received
into a tank and the water is kept, by a ball tap, at a constant level therein. From
this tank it is led by a syphon into a second tank, the water being again kept at
a constant level by a second ball tank, hereinafter more particularly referred to.
From this second tank the flow is led by a syphon to an orifice in which operates
the aforesaid valve controlled from the solenoid core. The water may be made to
pass through a sieve or filtering medium in the first tank, where its impurity would
cause any risk of stoppage at the ultimate orifice.
The second ball tap is connected by a lever or other suitable means to a spring
or detent, arranged to close the circuit, and cut off the supply, immediately upon
the water falling below any predetermined level.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lawrence Clarke Tipper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1882.
LAWRENCE CLARKE TIPPER of Balsall Heath in the County of Worcester
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
"
My Invention has for its object improvements in velocipedes which enables me
to obtain greater security and comfort for the rider than is obtainable with bicycles
at present.
I will explain my invention as applied to an ordinary bicycle of common type i.e
a bicycle having a large front wheel and a small back wheel:
I carry the ends of the front fork downwards sufficiently to miss the circuit of
the cranks and then bend them outwards on each side a sufficient distance to
conveniently attach two small wheels, one on each side of the large wheel to each
projecting arm. This has the effect of keeping the rider from falling over. to either
the right hand or to the left. A certain amount of elacticity would be imparted
to the two small side steadying wheels by the easy bends in the sides of the
prolonged fork, or a spiral or other spring may be attached to give the required
elasticity to the wheels.
Thus my improved machine would have three small wheels and one large one,
the rider sitting upon or over the large wheel much in the same manner as on a
bicycle.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smethurst at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1882.
WILLIAM SMETHURST of Landgate House Brynn near Wigan in the County of
Lancaster Colliery Proprietor "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS
"
The principal object of my Invention is to prevent the miner from obtaining a
light by unscrewing his lamp, by causing the flame of the lamp to be extinguished
when the bottom of the lamp is unscrewed.
To effect this I provide a disc washer or cap on the top of the oil chambor
having the same pitch of thread as the said oil chamber so that it can be screwed
up with the said oil chamber into the bottom of the lamp casing-Through the
centre of this disc is a circular hole through which hole the wick tube passes and
fits closely-Studs or catches are arranged at the bottom of the disc, and on the
top surface of the oil chamber proper, to effect the screwing up of the disc with the
said oil chamber on its own thread when the lamp bottom is screwed on, but on
being unscrewed the disk becomes disengaged from the oil chamber and will not
unscrew with it so that the said disc retains its position in the female thread of the
lower part of the lamp casing, thus causing the oil chamber on being unscrewed
to draw the wick through the hole in the disc and thereby extinguish the light.
I prefer to employ my improvements in combination with a lamp of the kind
described in the Specification of Letters Patent No 4981 granted to me as of the
5th day of December A.D. 1879.
The metal shield at the top portion of the lamp will be arranged to completely
protect the gauze
The supply of air to the lamp for combustion can be obtained from both above
and below the glass of the lamp casing.
My Invention is applicable to the Davy; Clanny, and other Safety lamps.
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Livesey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1882.
HENRY LIVESEY of Blackburn in the County of Lancaster Machinist. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates,
Firstly, To an improved manufacture of "taking up" beams or rollers employed
for taking up the cloth as woven.
Secondly, To the construction and employment of improved apparatus whereby
the cloth roller is during the working of the loom held in true relative position to
the taking up beam or roller, and providing facility for detaching or lowering the
cloth roller and holding the same whilst the cloth is being unwound or removed
therefrom.
According to this my Invention I construct the taking up beams having sheet
metal exterior and wrought iron shaft or axis in the centre, on the latter a number
of discs or blocks are secured and made to fit the interior of the sheet metal tube
or covering which forms the outside of the roller, in each of the discs or blocks two
notches or recesses are made at opposite sides of their outer diameter for the purpose
of receiving two straight pieces of wood or lags of the same length as the tube and
which lags are placed longitudinally and parallel to the centre shaft or axis the
shaft or axis with its blocks or discs and the two or more pieces of wood or lags
are then enclosed in the sheet metal forming a tube and the tube or metallic covering
is fastened by soldering or by screws or rivets to the blocks or lags at each of the
two ends of the roller.
The perforated sheet metal with which the rollers are usually covered may then
be nailed or screwed on to the roller by using a small punch to perforate the sheet
metal tube and driving the nail through the sheet metal into the lags or pieces of
wood which are inside and which is found preferable to soldering.
Or the sheet metal tube may be provided with perforations at the places next to
the wood backing which is inside through which the nails may be driven without
a punch being required; another construction comprises a wood roller or cylinder
lagged or solid, being enclosed by a metal tube or covering over which the metallic
rough surfacing is passed or wound and secured by punch, nails, or screws This
construction is applicable to, the repairs of old wood rollers.

page_text: When
The apparatus in connection with the cloth beam or roller comprises two rings or
collars placed on the shafts or axles of the taking up roller and the cloth roller and
loose thereon and such collars or rings are connected to each other by a spiral spring
which serves to keep the cloth roller in contact with the taking-up roller.
the cloth is to be removed and unwound from the cloth roller the latter is forced
downwards in slots formed in each end frame of the loom until sufficiently clear of
the taking up roller whereon a catch and spring or other like holding device secures
the axles of the cloth roller and prevents the cloth roller being raised but permits
free rotation thereof during the unwinding and removal of the cloth from the said
roller.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR TREATING AND DYEING LOOSE WOOL AND THE LIKE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR Tak
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fox, Junior at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1882.
THOMAS FOX, Junior of. Wellington in the County of Somerset.
"AN IMPROVED
PROCESS FOR TREATING AND DYEING LOOSE WOOL AND THE LIKE AND APPARATUS
THEREFOR
Taken as a whole this invention may be described as a process by means of
which loose wool and other similar materials, such as cotton, rags &c. can be
mordanted, washed and dyed in one .vessel, the present laborious method of stirring
with poles dispensed with so that manual labor is much reduced and a considerable
quantity of dye stuff is saved.
The apparatus consists essentially of a principal vat or vessel in which the
various operations are conducted a separate cage or tray having a perforated
bottom is arranged to slide up and down in this vat or to be removed altogether;..
suitable pipes and valves are provided and also rolls for expressing the dyestuff
from the wool when the operation of dyeing is completed.
The vat is first filled with the mordant liquor and the tray (in which is placed
the materials to be operated upon) is lowered into it. During the process of
mordanting the wool will be stirred by air (the temperature of which will be
regulated as may be required) which is passed up through it from perforated pipes
arranged about the vat or by other suitable means) at certain intervals or otherwise
as required.
At the end of the operation of mordanting the tray is raised by suitable means,
so that the liquor can drain off the wool into the vat and thus be saved instead of
being wasted as in the ordinary way. The mordant liquor may now be run off
through pipes either to another vat so as to prepare another lot of wool in the
same way as the first; or it may be pumped or conveyed into a vessel where it
may be boiled up with a fresh lot of stuff and so be used over again.
The wool can be washed while on the tray by turning water on to it either
from above or below; this washing renders it fit for the next operation of dyeing.
The wool &c having now been washed and the liquor let off and the vat washed
out, the vat is filled up to the required height and clear water and the dye-stuff
put in and dissolved.

page_text: When the dye-stuff is sufficiently dissolved, the tray with the wool upon it, is
lowered to the required depth and the stirring by means of air is again employed
as already described.
When the dyeing is finished the tray is raised and the wool passed out through
the expressing rolls-or these may be omitted when not required-and washed.
When only a light washing is required after dyeing, the wool may be washed on
the tray as after mordanting.
NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF ATTACHING SCREW STOPPERS TO BOTTLES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Edward Nicholl at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1882.
ARTHUR EDWARD NICHOLL of Streatham in the County of Surrey "NEW OR
IMPROVED MEANS OF ATTACHING SCREW STOPPERS TO BOTTLES
33
My invention relates to stoppers for bottles to contain aerated waters, of the kind
which consists of a plug or stopper moulded with an external screw thread to
screw into a corresponding female screw moulded within the neck of the bottle and
provided with an indiarubber ring or face which is upon a conical part of the plug
or stopper and is forced into a seat in the mouth of the bottle to effect a tight
closure and my invention has for its object to provide a meats of permanently
attaching such a stopper to the bottle so as to prevent them being lost when removed
from the bottle without however interfering with their screw action. To this end
I encircle the neck of the bottle immediately below the rim or flange of the bottle
mouth with a collar which is free to turn loosely on the bottle neck to permit of
the rotation of the screw plug or stopper, but cannot come off, and which is provided
with an upwardly projecting eye or loop that stands up towards or above the edge
of the bottle mouth and I provide the screw plug with an eye or loop affixed thereto
and connected by one or more loose links with the eye or loop of the collar so that
the plug or stopper when unscrewed may be wholly removed from the bottle mouth
and thrown back out of the way, but will always remain permanently attached to
the bottle.
The collar is preferably formed of a ligature of wire with the loop or eye formed
thereon by twisting the wire and the collar. being attached in a similar way to the
bottle neck, and the eye on the stopper and the connecting link or links may be
made of the same material
" IN BOTTLES, JARS AND THE LIKE, AND IN STOPPERS OR COVERS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Drayton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1882.
JAMES HENRY DRAYTON, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, IMPROVEMENTS
"
"
IN BOTTLES, JARS AND THE LIKE, AND IN STOPPERS OR COVERS FOR THE SAME
This invention is designed to provide a simple method of securing the stoppers of
bottles for fermented liquors, medicines and the like, but will also be found
applicable to jars or like receptacles for pickles, jams, chemicals and other matters.
It consists in forming a series of projections or lugs inside the neck of the bottle,
jar or other receptacle, so arranged that a vertical groove is left between each, the
bottom of each being partly cut away, so as to leave a stop or abutment. The top
of these lugs or projections is usually just below the mouth of the bottle or jar.
The stopper is a plug furnished with studs or lugs to fit between the vertical
grooves formed between the projections in the bottle or jar. An elastic washer is
fitted on the stopper, to fit the mouth of the bottle or jar, or an elastic cone or
a cone with an elastic ring may be substituted.
To secure the stopper, the studs or lugs thereon are fitted into the grooves in the
bottle or jar. The stopper is then pushed down till the elastic washer fits the
mouth, and by a half turn the studs or lugs are brought round against the stops or
abutments of the projections in the bottle or jar, and the stopper thus firmly
locked:
By a half turn in the reverse direction the stopper is released, and may be
pulled out.
In another modification the grooves and projections are formed outside the neck
of the bottle or on the exterior of the jar or other receptacle, and the studs on the
interior of a hollow stopper furnished with an elastic washer.
This arrangement allows of the bottle or receptacle being stopped with an
ordinary cork if the special stopper be lost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION, PREPARATION AND MANU- FACTURE OF CERTAIN MATERIALS USED IN THE MAKING OF CORSETS CRINOLINES, DRESS IMPROVERS, DRESSES, UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND FOR OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Dixon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1882.
STEPHEN DIXON, of Whitehill Blackmore, Petersfield in the County of Hants
Manufacturer "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION, PREPARATION AND MANU-
FACTURE OF CERTAIN MATERIALS USED IN THE MAKING OF CORSETS CRINOLINES,
DRESS IMPROVERS, DRESSES, UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND FOR OTHER ANALOGOUS
PURPOSES.
"
It is well known that the use of steel, bone, horn, wood and other materials in
the manufacture of Corsets Crinolines, Dress Improvers and dresses is a source of
danger, besides being injurious to health, in consequence of their stiffness, and the
hardness of such materials wears out the coverings of umbrellas and parasols.
Now my Improvements consist in covering with or embedding the stiffening
materials in, fine cork,-Such Cork is cut or otherwise prepared and placed upon and
around the stiffening material, and is caused to firmly adhere thereto, and together,
by means of any suitable adhesive substance or cement thus forming an outer
casing, covering or envelope, in which the steel or other stiffening material is
embedded, preserving the same from damage by moisture, and preventing the
same from coming in contact with and damaging the materials to be stiffened also
while retaining what is considered to be the necessary firmness, such articles are
thereby rendered soft and pleasant to the wearers thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES OR LIKE RECEPTACLES AND THE MEANS FOR CLOSING AND OPENING THE SAME
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Horatio Fanshawe and Albert
Jules Theodore Wild at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on tho
10th January 1882.
HENRY HORATIO FANSHAWE of East Dulwich in the County of Surrey Gentleman
and ALBERT JULES THEODORE WILD of Nunhead in the County of Surrey
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES OR LIKE RECEPTACLES AND THE MEANS
FOR CLOSING AND OPENING THE SAME."
Our Invention relates to improvements in bottles or like receptacles for
containing aérated and other liquids or powders or other materials usually held in
bottles or like receptacles and in the means for closing and opening the same and
has for its object to provide a ready simple and efficient means for opening the
bottles or the like for the removal of their contents and of closing the same after
the withdrawal of part of their contents or alter filling or refilling.
According to our said Invention the upper part or neck of the bottle or the like
is formed with a hollow spherical or globular portion forming a chamber having a
passage below communicating with the interior of the bottlo or the like and
having also a passage at its upper part.
Within this hollow spherical or globular chamber is enclosed a ball or stopper
having an opening therethrough which when the said ball or stopper is turned into
one position is in line with the beforementioned openings in the globular chamber
and forms a passage from the interior to the exterior of the bottle or the like and
when the ball or stopper is turned into another position the opening therethrough
is brought opposite the solid or unperforated portion of the globular chamber and
consequently the bottle or the like is closed. The stopper is provided with a
projection therefrom extending to the exterior of the bottle to enable the said
stopper to be turned into one or the other position. The bottle or the like and the
stopper may be made of glass metal or of any other suitable material.
When the stopper is inside of a soft or yielding material or a material liable to
be injured by contact with the contents of the bottle the passage therethrough may
be lined with glass or other material not liable to such injury. There may be an
elastic seating between the stopper and the sperical chamber if found desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE RAPID FILTRATION OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur William Lovell Reddie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1882.
A com-
munication from abroad by Lucien Albert Marie Hélie and Charles Marie
Micault de la Vieuville of Paris in the Republic of France.
"
"
ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE of the Office for Patents 66 Chancery Lane
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
THE RAPID FILTRATION OF LIQUIDS [A communication from abroad by Lucien
Albert Marie Hélie and Charles Marie Micault de la Vieuville of Paris in the
Republic of France]
The object of the present invention is to provide a simple and efficient apparatus
whereby the inconveniences resulting from the deposit of grounds and sediment
in bottles of wine and other liquids, especially those intended for drinking
purposes and which have been kept a long while, may be obviated.
To this end it is proposed to clarify or filter such liquids in the act of pouring
them out of their vessels, and while freeing them, by so doing, from every impurity
to leave uninjured their peculiar properties and qualities.
.
The apparatus when applied for example to a bottle of wine consists of a tube
of unoxidisable metal such as tin, nickel, aluminium or silver which passes water-
tight through a stopper of cork, india-rubber or other suitable material, and
extends to near the bottom of the bottle or vessel. The outer end of the tube
reaches to a suitable distance above the stopper of the vessel and is preferably of
conical form at its extremity; a drip cup being also preferably fitted to the said
outer end of the tube immediately above the neck or mouth of the bottle or vessel.
This drip-cup may, if desired, be made hollow to receive some absorbent material,
such as sponge. The inner part of the tube is closed at the bottom and its walls
are formed of a metallic tissue, or net work of fine gauge in passing through
which the liquid will be efficiently cleared of all impurities. The construction of
this inner part of the tube may vary greatly.
It may be made of metallic sheet or of wood pierced with numerous minute
holes; or it may be formed of a vegetable tissue, or the perforated tube may be
covered with a cap or sock of animal tissue, such as wool or silk,

page_text: In applying the invention to such beverages as wine, beer cider and lemonade,
the above form of apparatus will be found most suitable, while for tea and coffee
the construction is slightly modified. In this case the position of the parts is
inverted and the perforated filtering part of metal gauze, or other suitable material
as above indicated, is outside instead of inside the vessel, and has preferably a
tapering or conical form, being connected to a tube fitting water-tight within a
suitable plug or stopper and curved or otherwise formed to be readily adapted to
the spout of the coffee or tea pot.
It is evident that this simple and convenient apparatus may be employed for
the rapid filtration of water, chemical liquids and perfumes, as well as for the
clarifying of the beverages above named.
THE PRODUCTION OF A SCARLET COLORING MATTER UPON VEGETABLE OR SILK FIBRE ALSO IN PRODUCING THE SAID COLORING MATTER IN THE FORM OF A 'LAKE' So THAT IT MAY BE USED FOR PAPER STAINING AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dan Dawson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1882.
DAN DAWSON of Milnsbridge near Huddersfield in the County of York "THE
PRODUCTION OF A SCARLET COLORING MATTER UPON VEGETABLE OR SILK FIBRE
ALSO IN PRODUCING THE SAID COLORING MATTER IN THE FORM OF A 'LAKE' So
THAT IT MAY BE USED FOR PAPER STAINING AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
"
This Invention consists in producing a new scarlet coloring matter upon
vegetable or silk fibre, also in producing the said new coloring matter in a
precipitate form so that it may be employed in paper staining calico printing, and
similar purposes
When this color is to be fixed on cotton or silk fibre it is not prepared first and
afterwards used for dyeing as is now the case with most colors, but this new
scarlet color is produced in the process of dyeing cotton or silk fibre, and this is
accomplished by causing nitrous acid to react upon rosaniline and then bringing
the product of this reaction into contact with an alkaline solution of naphtol,
preferably betanaphtol 7 parts of a salt of rosaniline (ordinary magenta) is
dissolved in 1000 parts of water and 40 parts of bydrochloric acid
I then add nitrate of soda to the solution until all the magenta is destroyed,
which when accomplished I add one third more of nitrate of soda In order to
ascertain the point at which the magenta is destroyed, I drop from time to time
during the addition of the nitrite a little of the solution on filtering paper, and as
long as magenta or rosaniline exists in the solution, the wetted spots caused by
dropping the solution on the filtering paper will be fringed with red but when this
red fringe after waiting a few seconds fails to make its appearance, the magenta is
considered to be all destroyed.
The solution thus made is termed bath No 1.
I then make another solution by dissolving naphtol in a solution of caustic soda
(leaving soda in slight excess) the strength being varied according to circumstances
but I have found from experiments I have made that the color forms very well
when naphtolate of soda exists in excess. This solution is termed bath No 2.

page_text: The materials intended to be dyed are first passed through bath No 1 and then
wrung or squeezed out, afterwards the materials are transferred to bath No 2 and
washed off leaving the color fixed on the material.
In order to produce the color in a separate or pure state I mix the solution of
bath No 1 and bath No 2 together whereby the coloring matter is formed in the
state of a fine scarlet precipitate or "lake" and after being washed and collected
on a filter may be used for paper staining and similar purposes.
For printing upon calico or textile fabrics the solution called bath No 1 after
being suitably thickened, is first printed upon the material and the material thus
treated is afterwards passed through bath No 2 and the color formed and fixed
thereby.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATING POWER BY MEANS OF DRIVING BELTS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Keil Tullis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1882.
JOHN KEL TULLIS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATING POWER BY MEANS OF DRIVING BELTS."
"
This Invention which relates to Improvements in communicating power by
driving belts consists essentially in using a series of flat belts with tapered or
inclined sides or edges corresponding to the shape of tapered grooves in the driving
and driven pulleys.-The belt which is situated in the bottom of the groove is the
narrowest and as all the driving belts of which there may be any number from two
to three upwards are superposed the driving force communicated is not only that
due to the friction between the flat surfaces of the superposed belts on each other,
but in addition to this there is the driving force communicated due to the friction
of the inclined edges of the belts against the inclined sides of the groove in the
driving pulley.
In practising this invention the belts are preferably made a little wider than the
distance across that part of the driving pulleys wherein the said belts will be or
are situated so that as the belt is tightened for the purpose of driving, the
tightening causes the edges of the belt to be compressed against the surfaces of the
groove in driving pulleys.
When the belts wear and become too narrow for their edges to press against the
sides of the groove in the driving pulleys the lower or inside belt of the series may
be taken out thus allowing of all the other belts of the series to descend into a
narrower part of the groove enables their edges to again bear against the sides of
the groove in the driving pulley, and the number of belts is made up by placing
another belt on the outside of the series.
It is to be understood that this Invention applies to all flat driving belts
whether made of Leather, Canvas 'Gum, or other substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOULDING BOXES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clarence Bailey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1882.
CLARENCE BAILEY of Leeds in the County of York. “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF MOULDING BOXES."
My improvements have reference more particularly to "flask" moulding boxes
used in foundries. The framework may be constructed of steel, wrought iron,
malleable-cast or cast iron formed of one bar or piece and may be a rectangular or
other convenient shape.
The bar forming the framework is divided in a vertical direction at a suitable
point and near to this point of separation is provided a bracket or carrier on which
is mounted an eccentric. The box is constructed in such a manner that it is free
to open at the divided part and does so by its own elasticity but may be closed at
pleasure by turning the eccentric. The box is also fitted with suitable guides and
pins which are by preference case hardened. The object of the above construction
of flask box is that after the patterns are moulded the box can be relieved from the
sand and utilized for moulding other or any number of patterns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC ALLOYS
Year: 1882

page_text: · LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Kirby Huntington of King's College Strand in
the County of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC
ALLOYS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Kirby Huntington
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1882.
ALFRED KIRBY HUNTINGTON of King's College Strand in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC ALLOYS
"
My Invention relates to the manufacture of alloys of the kinds of bronze, brass
gun-metal and the like consisting chiefly of copper with tin, zinc or other white
metals. The object which I have in view is to secure strength, elasticity and
closeness of grain in such alloys by the addition of a cheap and easily accessible
material. For this purpose I add to the copper or alloy a small quantity of silicious
iron which may contain a small proportion of other metals such as manganese,
tungsten or the like. The mixture is made while the materials are in a molten
state and as nearly as possible at the same temperature.
"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alfred Kirby Huntington in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 11th May 1883.
ALFRED KIRBY HUNTINGTON of Kings College Strand in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC ALLOYS
My Invention relates to the manufacture of alloys of the kinds of bronze, brass,
gunmetal and the like consisting chiefly of copper with tin zinc or other white
metals. The object which I have in view is to secure strength, elasticity and
closeness of grain in such alloys by the addition of a cheap and easily accessible
_ material. For this purpose, I add to the copper or alloy a small quantity of silicious
iron which may contain a small proportion of other metals such as manganese,
tungsten or the like. The mixture is made while the materials are in a molten
state and as nearly as possible at the same temperature.
As examples of alloys according to my invention, to Copper and Tin in the usual
_ proportion for Gun Metal I add not more than 2. per cent silicious iron; to Copper
and Zinc in the usual proportion for brass I add-not-more-than-5-per-cent-silicious-
iron, In bronzes or brasses where Tin is present besides Copper and Zinc; I use a
less proportion of silicious iron than when there is no Tin.
Generally, when Zinc forms part of the alloy, I prefer to use silicious iron
ontaining a proportion of manganese..
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEAM END SPINDLES AND PULLEYS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Golland at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1882.
GEORGE GOLLAND, of the Firm of George Golland and Company, of the town
and county of the town of Nottingham, Engineers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEAM
END SPINDLES AND PULLEYS."
Heretofore, beam end spindles have been formed either of malleable castings, one
casting forming a spindle at one end of the beam, and the other a spindle and
pulley at the opposite end of the beam, these spindles and pulleys have had to be
turned up true before being soldered into the ends of the beams.
I propose to construct spindles and pulleys as follows:-After the spindles are
turned up true, out of wrought iron, or before they are turned up, as most convenient,
I place each spindle in a mould, and pour around it a compound metal, composed
of spelter and iron, or of spelter alone, and when cool turn up such spindle and
metal to the form of pulley required, but when the mould forms the metal to the
shape of pulley required, and a turned up spindle is employed in the mould, the
after turning up is dispensed with. By such means I obtain spindles and pulleys
ready to solder in the ends of tin beams, at considerable less labour and cost than
heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRUCTURES FOR DRYING AND BLEACHING GRAIN
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Fisher at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1882.
ISAAC FISHER of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STRUCTURES FOR DRYING AND BLEACHING GRAIN."
Hitherto in Structures for drying and bleaching grain it has been necessary for
workmen to enter the chambers in which the drying and bleaching processes are
performed for the purpose of removing the grain which has been treated, by means
of Shovels. The condition of the atmosphere in the chambers prevents the
workmen from entering them in order to remove the grain until some little time
has elapsed after its treatment is completed and it has therefore to remain in the
chambers longer than is necessary. A further delay results from the comparatively
slow process of removing the grain by means of shovels as mentioned above.
Hence it follows that the quantity of grain which can be treated in a chamber as
hitherto constructed is curtailed to an important extent by the delays which occur
in the removal of the successive lots of grain after treatment. The object of the
present improvements is to avoid these delays and also the expense of employing '
workmen to remove the grain from the chambers by means of shovels.
In a Structure constructed according to these improvements, the perforated floor
on which the grain is deposited in the chamber in which it is to be dried and-or-
bleached is made in one or more parts, each of which is mounted upon pivots so as
to enable it to be tilted for the purpose of discharging the grain which rests upon
it. The perforated floor when in its normal position forms the top of a second
chamber from which the gases or products of combustion which are employed for
bleaching and-or-drying pass upwards through the perforated floor and through
the grain which rests upon it. The said gases or other products of combustion
may either be generated in this second chamber or may be conducted into it from
elsewhere.
The upper chamber is provided with one or more suitable outlets for the escape
of the gases or other products of combustion which enter it. By preference the
grain is introduced into the upper chamber through one or more suitable apertures
provided in the top of it.
A PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER COMP
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ewald Fischer of Kaltwasser, near Wüstegiersdorf,
Prussia, for an invention of A PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
ARTIFICIAL LEATHER
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Ewald Fischer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1882.
EWALD FISCHER of Kaltwasser, near Wüstegiersdorf, Prussia A PROCESS FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER
For the manufacture of artificial leather, leather-wastes have hitherto been cut
up, ground, mixed with liquid and thereby transformed into a pulpy mass, which
was afterwards again formed into a solid product by a purely mechanical process,
viz by drying, hydraulic pressure and addition of binding substance. By this
process nothing else was obtained than a very imperfect product, much like paste-
board, of little resistance and exceedingly brittle, very far from having the peculiar
features of leather, except perhaps its exterior appearance. The following is a
process which, starting from an altogether new point of view, supplies a product
free from the above mentioned imperfections. The wastes of leather are washed
in water to eliminate all foreign matters and impurities, after which they are
subjected to a second bath which contains up to 2% of alkaline lye (Soda or
Potash). This removes for the greater part the effects of the tanning in the leather
which causes the single fibres of the leather to swell. When this point of the
process is arrived at, Carbonic-acid in form of Bicarbonate of Soda is added to the
bath up to 5% of the dry, caustic Soda or Potash which has been used for the lye;
this prevents the whole from becoming gelatinous.
The leather-wastes, having been prepared in this way, are made loose by
stamping or beating and having been washed as clean as possible, they are put
into a disintegrating-machine which tears them into fine fibres.
The pulpy mass thus created is diluted with water, when Hydrochloric-acid is
added till the product gives neither an acid nor an alkaline reaction, whereupon
the whole is subjected to repeated washing until all saline matters are removed.
The product thus obtained is to be considered as a raw material, presenting, in
opposition to all similar materials hitherto known, a thoroughly prepared,
undestroyed leather-fibre. Like all known products of this kind, however, this
Din 71
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS OR CANDLE HOLDERS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1882. A communi-
cation from abroad by J. Engelson of Naples in the Kingdom of Italy.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
A com-
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS OR CANDLE HOLDERS."
munication from abroad by J. Engelson of Naples in the Kingdom of Italy.
The said Invention has for its object to provide a candlestick or holder with
means for enabling the candle to be readily inserted therein and withdrawn
therefrom and for holding any size candle firmly in position parts of the apparatus
being made readily applicable to existing candle holders.
According to the said Invention the candle stick or holder is formed with a box
like upper part with a flat bottom. There is also provided a casing in which are
contained jaws forming together a funel like receptacle above and a tubular
socket beneath and being pressed towards each other by a spring or springs.-This
casing is placed in the box like upper part of the candlestick so that the bottoms
of the jaws rest upon the flat bottom of the said box-like upper part-The said
casing is open at bottom for cleaning purposes. In inserting a candle into the
holder its end is placed between the funnel like upper part of the jaws and is
pressed down whereby the said jaws are expanded against the tension of the spring
or springs and the said candle is forced into the lower socket part of the said jaws
and is thereafter held firmly in position by the said spring or springs pressing the
jaws towards each other so that they grasp the candle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS " TO BE ATTACHED TO THE WHEELS OF VEHICLES FOR FACILITATING THE TRAVELLING OF THE SAME UPON COMMON ROADS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1882. Communicated to him
from abroad by Stefan von Heinrich, of Doerfel, Hungary.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS
"
TO BE ATTACHED TO THE WHEELS OF VEHICLES FOR FACILITATING THE TRAVELLING
OF THE SAME UPON COMMON ROADS Communicated to him from abroad by
Stefan von Heinrich, of Doerfel, Hungary
The object of this invention is to facilitate the travelling of wheeled vehicles on
roads, more especially on bad roads, and is applicable to all kinds of road vehicles
such as carriages, carts, road locomotives and the like.
According to the said Invention each wheel is provided, around its tyre or rim,
with a loose endless chain consisting of a number of short lengths of channel iron
pivotted together. The flanges of the channel irons project over both sides of the
tyre or rim of the wheel so that the said endless chain hangs on the wheel in such
a manner that no further fastening or connection with the wheel or vehicle is
necessary to prevent its coming off.
As the said endless chain hangs down from the upper half of the wheel and as
the total length of the channel irons is greater than the circumference of the
wheel, the result will be that when the vehicle is moved along the road, the chain
of channel irons will hang in such a manner that one or two of the channel irons
will always be lying on the road. The wheel will therefore be always running on
the inner surface of one or two of the said channel-irons, and as soon as one
channel-iron rises from the road behind the wheel, another of the channel-irons
will lie on the road in front to receive the tread of the wheel.
In this manner a smooth and hard path for the wheel will be formed and the
uneven portions of the road will be bridged over by the channel iron or irons
lying thereon at the time the wheel passes over them. On account of the greater
bearing surface thus provided the formation of ruts will also be obviated, and thus
the road will be less subjected to wear and tear. It is also evident that as the
circumference of the loose chain of channel-irons is greater than the circumference
of the wheel the speed of rotation of the wheel will be somewhat greater than that
of the chain so that the points of contact between the wheel-tyre and the inner
surface of the channel-iron chain will be constantly varying.