AN IMPROVED TELEGRAPH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Jaite at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1870.
I, GUSTAV JAITE, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TELEGRAPH,"
to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus is composed of,-
1. Two electro-magnets and couplings, known as Hughes' Patent
No. 241, A.D. 1863.
2º. A clockwork and regulator, also known as Hughes'.
3°. The wheels for conducting the strip of paper.
And of the following new parts having for object,—
4°. To perforate the paper.
5°. To effect the translation on the different lines and the working on
underground and submarine lines.
6°. The double key.
Sheet I. of the accompanying 4 Sheets of Drawing represents the
electric communication for the new apparatus. There are two batteries

page_text: employed. One lever of the double key is in communication with the
positive pole of one battery, the other lever with the negative pole of
the other battery, whilst the free poles of both batteries are connected
to earth. The coils of the electro-magnets are put into circuit in an
opposite sense, so that in the one magnet will answer on the closing of
the positive and the other on the closing the negative battery. The
snapping ancre knocks against the end of the outer coupling lever,
taking it upwards, the other end of the lever consequently going down;
the click on the exterior coupling axes instantly catches in the teeth
of the small cog wheel on the corresponding interior coupling axes, and
thus the exterior coupling axes participate for one revolution in the
motion of the inner axes turning constantly at a very great speed.
My telegraph having, as aforesaid, two Hughes' clectro-magnets must
consequently have two axes with cog wheels, and two axes with catches.
The latter axes are called interior coupling axes, the former ones
exterior coupling axes. The electro-magnets and the interior coupling
axcs are taken from the Hughes' Patent before referred to, and have
therefore been left out on the Drawings.
Arrangements made for Perforating the Paper Strip. The exterior
coupling axes v¹, v", of the perforating arrangement, Fig. 2, Sheet II.,
have each a toothed wheel z¹, z¹¹, the teeth of which take into those
of the toothed wheels g¹, 9", fixed on the axes s¹, the ferrule s¹¹ is pushed
on the axes s¹. These axes have each one eccentric e¹, e", on the side of
the telegraphist. Under these eccentrics are the steel, saddles S¹, S",
fixed upon the guiding cylinders f¹, f", (Sheet I., Fig. 3) the per-
forators B¹, Bu, being screwed to the saddles S", S". The box L has in
its two outer compartments the cylinders f¹, f", surrounded by the
strong spiral springs p', p", the inner compartment serves as receiving
tube for the punched out slips of paper. The cover of the box L has
two guide holes 1, ", for the cylinders, and two others F, 1, for the
perforators; the cylinders also have guides at 71, 7". The distance
between the two plates P¹, P", is sufficient to give free passage to the
paper. The springs p', p", are for lifting the two cylinders after they
have been forcibly pressed down. According to the lever pressed down
by the telegraphist the one or the other magnet will answer. Supposing
he presses down the lever corresponding to answering of the magnet
which is more distant from the employé the exterior axes v' will be
coupled with the corresponding interior axes (see Fig. 2, Sheet II.), the

page_text: consequence will be a revolution of the axes s¹; a violent pushing down
of the saddle S¹ by the eccentric e¹, and the perforating of a paper strip
with a circular hole by the perforator B¹. By the same process a hole
is made by the perforator B" if the telegraphist presses down the other
5 lever. Thus the holes are made in a double row. The letters are
composed by combinations of holes made either by one or the other
perforator in the strips of paper of the receiving office. Thus the con-
struction of this instrument solves the problem of preparing the strip of
paper in the receiving office for an automatic transmission.
Arrangements made for the Translation and for the Working on
Underground and Submarine Lines.-The metal rings m³, m", are fixed
on but isolated from the ends of the exterior coupling axes v¹, vii, (sce
Sheet I., Fig. 4). Two springs d¹, d¹¹, are in metallic contact with
m³, m. The sliding springs k¹, k, are so violently pressed against the
5 rings m³, m, that they must follow the revolutions of the corresponding
coupling axes. On the upper end of the posts T', T", isolated from it
and from each other are scrowed the metal pieces R, C, B, C, and E,
corresponding to the contacts of rest of battery and of earth (see Fig. 4).
If the apparatus is at rest the springs k¹, k", lie on R, C, but if the
axes v¹, v¹¹, are revolving the springs touch B, C, and E, the one after
the other, and return finally to R, C. The springs d¹, d", are screwed
on to the metal posts T¹, T", to which is fixed the telegraphic line
charged with electricity by translation.
Figures 6 & 7, Sheets III. & IV., represent the electrical communica-
tion for translation and demonstrate that the problem of translation by
telegraphs with a double system of electro-magnets is solved by the
preceding arrangements with the additional help of an automatic com-
mutator, also of my Invention.
For the working on underground and submarine lines the rings of
vulcanized caoutchouc I, I", (Fig. 4, Sheet I.) with three pieces of
contact have to be replaced by similar rings having four or more pieces
of contact to be connected with the posts T', T". In this manner it is
easy to overcome the difficultios of the phenomena of induction in the
working of cables by using discharging batteries, or by applying several
charging batteries and a corresponding number of discharging batteries
(see Sheet III., Figures 14, 15). The length of the contact picces must
be specially ascertained in each case,

page_text: Thus, as explained, my improved telegraph permits the piercing of
holes in the strip of paper at the receiving office, and the translation for
unlimited distances, further the strips of paper on all offices engaged at
the translation or transmission of telegrams can be perforated and so
prepared for an automatic transmission of the despatches.
The new apparatus opens a new and wide field to automatic telegraphy.
Writing down and the despatching by hand of all telegrams in transit
becomes unnecessary.