Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 28th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 25th May, 1889
I, GREGORY THEODOSSIEFF, of 11 Great Masterskia Street St. Petersburg in the
Empire of Russia, Captain in the Russian Navy, do horeby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in tompering or hardening steel and
iron.
In quenching steel, cast steel or cast iron, I employ glycerine (triatomic
alcohol C,H,O,). The density may vary according to the composition of the steel etc.
or according to the hardness of the metal between the limits of 1.08 and 1.26
at the temperature of 15 centigrade. This adjustment of the density is obtained
by mixing more or less water with the glycerine. The quantity of the glycerine
solution should be from 1 to 6 times greater than the weight of the pieces to be
plunged.
To increase the effect of quenching I add salts of the alkaline metals and of the
heavy metals (iron, manganese, chromium etc.) to the solution of glycerine. Thus
when considerable hardness is desired to be produced by quenching I add sulphate of
the protoxide of the manganese (Mn SO) the quantity may vary from 1 to 34 per cent.
of the liquid; I also add sulphate of potash (K, SO) in quantity varying from
to 4 per cent.
When less hardening is required to result from the quenching 1 employ a salt of
chloride of manganese (Mn Cl) in quantity varying from 1 to 10 per cent., adding
also chloride of potassium from 1 to 4 per cent.
The temperature of the liquid for plunging may vary from 15 to 200 degrees
centigrade according to the hardness of the metal to be quenched, thus the harder the
steel is the hotter the liquid should be and vice versú. For a mild steel the temperature
of the liquid should be lower.
The principal advantages which result froin the employment of glycerine for
quenching metals are the following:-(1) the temperature of the aqueous solution of
glycerine may be varied within very wide limits, the boiling point of pure glycerine
being about 290 degrees. (2) glycerine yields with water solutions or mixtures in all
C
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page_text: -
1
1 neodossie}} & improvements in Tempering or Hardening Stect and fron.
proportions and in these mixtures most salts which are soluble in water will dissolve.
This permits of the quenching netion of the liquid being varied quite as the operator
desires and conformally to the difforent properties of the metals to be plunged and to
the results desired to bo obtained.
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COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Tempering or Hardening Steel and Iron.
1, GREGORY THEODOSSIEFF, of 11 Great Masterskuin Street, St. Petersburg, in the
Empire of Russia, Captain in the Russian Navy, do hereby declare the naturo of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object improvements in tempering or hardening stool
and iron.
In quenching steal, cast sicol or cast iron, employ glycerine (trintomic
alcohol CIO). The density may vary according to the composition of the stoel etc.
or according to the hardness of the metal between the limits of 1.08 and 1.26
at the temperature of 15 Centigrade. This adjustmont of the density is obtained
by mixing more or less water with the glycerine. The quantity of the glycerino
solution should be from 1 to 6 times greater than the weight of the pieces to bo
plunged.
To increase the effect of quenching add salts of the alkaline metals and of the
heavy metals (iron, manganese, chromium etc.) to the solution of glycerine. Thus
when considerable hardness is desired to be produced by quenching I add sulphate of
the protoxide of the manganese (Mn SO) the quantity may vary from 1 to 3 per cent.
of the liquid; I also add sulphate of potash (K, SO₁) in quantity varying from
to per cent.
When less hardening is required to result from tho quenching I employ a salt of
chloride of manganese (Mn (i) in quantity varying from 1 to 10 per cent., adding
also chloride of potassium from 1 to 4 per cent.
The temperature of the liquid for plunging may vary from 15 to 200 degrees
Centigrade according to the hardness of the metal to be quenched, thus the harder the
steel is the hotter the liquid should he and rice versa. For a mild steel the temperature
of the liquid should be lower.

page_text: The principal advantages which result from the employment of glycerine for
quenching metals are the following:-(1) the temperature of the aqueous solution
of glycerine may be varied within very wide limits, the boiling point of pure glycerine
being about 290 degrees. (2) glycerine yields with water solutions or mixtures in all
proportions and in these mixtures most salts which are soluble in water will dissolve.
This permits of the quenching action of the liquid being varied quite as the operator
desires and conformably to the different properties of the metals to be plunged and to
the results desired to be obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
In quenching steel, cast steel or cast iron the use of solutions of glycerine with the
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