A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE CUTTING OF SCREWS, AND FOR TAPPING NUTS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Moses Bayliss, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and
Bayliss, Bolt and Nut Manufacturers, of Monmore Green, Wolver-
hampton, in the County of Stafford, and 53, Gracechurch Street, City,
London, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "A NEW
OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE CUTTING OF SCREWS, AND FOR TAPPING NUTS
Sealed the 1st July 1864, and dated the 4th January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Moses Bayliss at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th January 1864.
I, MOSES BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, Bolt
and Nut Manufacturers, of Monmore Green, Wolverhampton, in the County
of Stafford, and 53, Gracechurch Street, City, London, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE CUTTING OF SCREWS AND FOR TAPPING NUTS
FOR SCREWS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My improved or new machine consists in the combined and general arrange-
ment herein-after described, that is to say, a fixed, and by preference a
circular, bosh forms the base of the machine, the centre of which forms a
bearing and guide for a central vertical shaft or axis to work in, around the
periphery of the bosh lugs and openings are cast or formed for receiving

page_text: lateral and vertical friction rollers, on and against which an annular stage
revolves by means of a toothed circular flange projecting below, gearing with
a worm wheel deriving its motion from a band, within the bosh any suitable
number of fixed hollow or other uprights are secured, on which the main
stand or table part of the machine is supported and secured, and which stand
is radially divided for receiving or supporting the collars, in which the hollow
or other spindles work in a radial direction for carrying the taps or dies, the
former being used when nuts are required to be tapped, and the latter
when bolts and other like articles require to be screwed. I have for con-
venience arranged my machine for giving motion to ten taps or ten dies at
one time, but by increasing or decreasing its diameter and proportioning the
strength according to the work required, a larger or less number may be applied.
The series of radial spindles derive their motion from a spur wheel fixed to
the central axis gearing into as many pinions as there are radial spindles used,
and at the top of the axis of these pinions bevilled wheels are fixed, which
gear into corresponding bevilled wheels applied to each spindle that actuate
the taps or dies so that by means of a central sliding clutch actuated by a
lever, the upper end of which is brought alternately in contact with opposite
projections formed below an annular revolving stay, that as the inside of the
projection comes in contact with the top end of the lever, the clutch in connec-
tion with the same becomes locked with the outer radial bevilled wheel, and the
work of tapping commences. Simultaneous with this the projection on the
opposite under side of the annular stay has reversed the action of the clutch by
locking it with a corresponding bevilled wheel nearest the centre of the machine,
that while the spindle on one side is moving in the direction for screwing or
tapping as required, the spindle in radial opposition is moving in the reverse
direction. Thus it will be seen that when the machine is in motion, one half
of the spindles are moving in one direction and one half in the other, the
motion being continually reversed as the annular stay passes round. The
bolts or nuts are held in a self-acting holder that slides in radial grooves in a
line with the spindle, the advancing or retiring motion as required being
derived from the revolving stage, that (permits when the screwing or tapping
is performed), the bolt to fall through the radial groove into a receiver, or
when nuts are being operated on, they may fall laterally over a guide on
the outside of the table into a receiver, streams of cold water mixed with
soap or other suitable ingredients being conducted through suitable ways to
the several taps and dies to keep them from heating during their work. This
machine I purpose putting to work by a bevilled wheel fixed on the top of
the central axis gearing in with a pinion fixed on a shaft at right angles with

page_text: it, on which shaft I also place fast and loose pulleys for receiving a band from
any prime mover, also on this shaft are a series of cone pulleys, over which a
band is passed working around corresponding pulleys secured to a shaft, that
gives motion to the revolving stage before referred to, or otherwise as may be
most convenient for conveying the power. The diminished size of the pulleys is
for altering the speed according to the nature of the thread that may be required
to be tapped or cut. The slowly revolving stage also serves for the purpose of
carrying around the attendant who stands upon it to apply the blank bolts or
nuts, or to remove those that have been operated on, according to the manner
in which the machine may be fitted to meet this requirement. And in some
cases I purpose applying a hopper, hoppers, or continuous annular receiver for
holding the bolts or nuts required to be operated on, that as they in succession
are screwed or tapped and freed from the means of holding them during the
operation, a fresh one shall drop into position to be seized by the closing of the
holder during the performance of the work, the said annular hopper being
provided with a self-acting motion, or worked by the attendant who would
have little else to do, and with this modification means may be provided for
reversing the action of the spindles as well as the advancing of the work
towards the taps or dies as required.
>SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Moses Bayliss, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES
BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, Bolt and Nut Manufac
turers, of Monmore Green, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
and 53, Gracechurch Street, City, London, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Moses Bayliss, Her special license that I, the said Moses
Bayliss, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Moses Bayliss, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there.
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,

page_text: exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for A NEW OR
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE CUTTING OF SCREWS AND FOR TAPPING NUTS FOR
SCREWS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Moses Bayliss.
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Moses Bayliss, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
in.
My improved or new machine consists in the combined and general
arrangement herein-after described, that is to say, a fixed, and by preference
a circular, bosh forms or is fitted to the base of the machine, the centre of
which forms a bearing and guide for a central vertical shaft or axis to work
Around the periphery of the bosh lugs and openings are cast or formed
for receiving lateral and vertical friction rollers, on and against which an
annular stage revolves by means of a toothed circular flange projecting below
the stage, or otherwise gearing with or working into a worm wheel, secured
to a horizontal shaft below the stage, supported on plummer blocks secured to
the wood or other base or to lugs projecting from the bosh for receiving them.
This shaft extends on one side for receiving a cone pulley over which a band
works in connection with a cone pulley on the main driving shaft, and by
which means the shaft derives its motion. Within the bosh any suitable
number of fixed hollow or other uprights or standards are secured on which the
main stand or table part of the machine is supported and secured, and which
stand is radially divided for receiving or supporting the collars in which
hollow or other spindles work in a radial direction for carrying the taps or
dies, the former being used when nuts are required to be tapped, and the
latter when bolts and other like articles require to be screwed. I have for
convenience arranged my machine for giving motion to ten taps or ten dies at
one time, or for greater convenience, as will be hereafter seen, five nuts and
five bolts placed alternately, but by increasing or decreasing the diameter of
this machine, and proportioning the strength and driving gear according to
the work required, a larger or less number of bolts and nuts may be tapped
and screwed by this machine. The series of radial spindles derive their
motion from a spur wheel fixed to the central axis, gearing into as many

page_text: pinions as there are radial spindles used, and at the top of the axis of these
pinions, bevilled wheels are fixed, which gear into corresponding bevilled
wheels applied to each spindle that actuates the taps and dies, so that by means
of a central sliding clutch secured to a horizontal bar working freely in radial
grooves, to the inner ends of which inclined projections are formed or fixed
which work alternately against lateral rollers actuated by inclined projections
formed below a revolving stay, that as the outside of the projection comes in
contact with the roller the clutch in connection with the same becomes locked
with the inner radial bevilled wheel and the work of tapping commences.
Simultaneous with this the roller on the opposite side of the revolving stay has
reversed the action of the clutch by locking it with a corresponding bevilled
wheel furthest from the centre of the machine that while the spindle on one
side is moving in the direction for screwing or tapping as required, the spindle
in radial opposition is moving in the reverse direction. Thus it will be seen
that when the machine is in motion one half of the spindles are moving in tho
one direction and one half in the other, the motion being continually reversed
as the revolving stay passes round. The bolts or nuts are held in self-acting
holders that slide in radial grooves in a line with the spindles before mentioned,
the advancing or retiring motion as required being derived from the revolving
stage that permits (when the screwing or tapping is performed) the bolt to fall,
or, what I prefer, to be removed by the attendant who takes the nut when
tapped, and screws it to the bolt and puts it into a receiver, or when nuts are
being operated on they may fall laterally over a guide on the outside of the
table into a receiver. For the purpose of keeping the taps and dies cool
during their work streams of cold water mixed with soap or other suitable
ingredient are conducted through suitable ways to them as required. This
machine I purpose putting to work by a bevilled wheel fixed on the top of the
central axis gearing in with a pinion fixed on a shaft at right angles with it, on
which shaft I also place fast and loose pulleys for receiving a band from any
prime mover, also on this shaft are a series of cone pulleys before referred to
over which the band works in connection with the corresponding pulleys, (also
before referred to) secured to a shaft that gives motion to the revolving stage,
or other equivalent means for giving motion to the machine,
may be applied
placed above or below or otherwise as may be most convenient for conveying
the motive power. The diminished size of the pulleys is for altering the speed
according to the nature of the thread that may be required to be tapped or cut.
The slowly revolving stage also serves the purpose of carrying around the
attendant, who stands, or sits, and revolves with it, to apply the blank bolts or
nuts, or to remove those that have been operated on, according to the manner

page_text: in which the machine may be fitted or arranged for its work. And in some
cases I purpose applying a hopper, hoppers, or continuous annular receiver for
holding the bolts or nuts required to be operated on, that as they in succession
are screwed or tapped and freed from the means of holding them during the
operation, a fresh one shall drop into position to be seized by the closing of the
holders during the performance of the work, the said annular hopper being pro-
vided with a self-acting motion or worked by the attendant who would have
little else to do, and with this modification means may be provided for reversing
the action of the spindles, as well as the advancing of the work towards
the taps or dies as required, or the application of the hopper may be confined
only to the receiving of the nuts, and which by a simple self-acting arrange.
ment are freed in succession, and forced out through the receiver or hopper to
be tapped, as well as ejecting them after being tapped.
But as my Invention will be fully and thoroughly understood by referring
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, I will proceed to describe the same,
reference being made to the figures, sections, and letters marked thereon,
observing that the same parts as they occur in the several views, separate and
subjoined, are marked with the same letter of reference.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of as much of the machine necessary for intel-
ligent understanding, preferring to omit the parts behind to avoid confusion.
.A, A, are sleepers of wood or otherwise to form a base or foundation on
which the bosh B, B, rests, which may be conveniently formed of cast iron
with an annular projection as at a, a, for receiving the brass socket for the
vertical shaft C, C, to work in. At the top of this shaft the bevilled wheel E
is fixed, but the shaft is represented broken to indicate that its length
is indefinite and unimportant, and may be higher or lower to suit the con-
venience for placing the main driving shaft D, D, which is also represented
broken for the same purpose, and on the shaft D fast and loose pulleys c and
'c are placed, as also the cone pulley d, likewise the pinion F which gears
with the bevilled wheel E. The brass bearing that supports the vertical shaft C
is set up with set screws at the sides and bottom as represented. On the
inside of the. bosh four bearings are formed, but more may be used if preferred;
two of which are seen in this view marked e, e, and on these bearings a
carriage is secured for carrying the rollers f. f, on which the stage G, G, revolves,
and which is further regulated in its motion by the same number, or more if
"preferred, of lateral rollers here shown, marked g and g', the latter being
principally obscured by the standard H. These lateral rollers work against

page_text: the inside of the annular projection marked I, I, cast, formed, or applied to
the under side of the stage G, on the projecting periphery of which teeth are
formed for working into a worm wheel suitably placed on the shaft J, on
which a corresponding cone pulley is placed to that of d on the shaft D, and
which cone pulley is marked h. The stage G is connected by means of the
standards K, K, to the revolving stay marked L, L, of which the central vertical
shaft C forms the axis by means of the collar i, i, being packed up or other-
wise, and secured by screw bolts or other means to the stay L. The fixed
table or stand of the machine marked M, M, is supported on a suitable
number of uprights, two of which are here seen marked H, H. In the centre
of the table M, I, by preference, apply a brass collar marked j,j, to form a
bearing for the vertical shaft C to work through. N, N, are small vertical
shafts which also work through the table or top part, having collars at k, k, to
support them in position, and which spindles or shafts are further supported
by working through collars fitted in brackets marked l, l, cast by preference
with the stand M, M. The vertical shafts or spindles N, N, derive their
motion from the pinions m, m, being geared with the spur wheel 0, 0, which is
keyed to the vertical shaft C. On the top of the vertical spindles or shafts N, N,
the bevilled wheels n, n, are fixed, which give motion to the bevilled wheels o, p,
and o, p, and which bevilled wheels are supported by the hollow spindles q, q,
and which spindles are set up in supports formed with or connected to the
stand or table M, marked r, s, and r, s; these parts extend high enough to
receive and guide the motion of the bars t, t, which work through slots formed
in them for that purpose, and on to the bar t the parts u, u, are firmly secured,
the lower ends of which are connected to the clutches v, v, and are actuated in
the following way :-On the lower side of the revolving stay brackets are
attached, as at P, P, for carrying the rollers w and w', and as the stay L
revolves these rollers are brought in contact with the inclined edges of the
parts
and, which are also firmly secured to the bars t, t, and by observing
that the roller w is in contact with the outside of the part x, the roller w' is
in contact with the inside of the part ¹. Thus I get the desired reversing
action that while the motion of the vertical shaft C, spur wheel O, pinions
m, m, and bevilled wheels n, n, is continuous the bevilled wheels o, p, are
alternately brought into action for the purpose of reversing the direction of
the hollow spindles 9, 9, on the front ends of which are secured chucks for
holding the taps and dies as at y and a', which die y has just unscrewed itself
from the bolt, while the chuck a' for bolding the tap is in the position as of
having tapped the nut presented to its action, which nut drops in the feed

page_text: hopper Q, the operation of which is, that the blank nuts are put in from the
top in the direction of the arrow through a vertical recess of the dimensions of
the nut, and as the feed box is advanced and retired from the action of the
tap so a lever shown in dotted lines marked b¹ is brought in contact with the
lever con the under side of the revolving stay L so a nut that has been
tapped is forced out. From this it will be understood that by feeding the nuts
in at the top they will each in succession descend, and be tapped, and removed
or knocked out by the action and contact of the levers b¹ and c' before stated, but
which will be hereafter more fully referred to and explained. Before leaving
the description of this Figure I will state that R, R, is a large tubular ring of
gas tubing united by the T-piece S, into which is tapped the vertical part T
and from the ring R smaller vertical tubes are carried up, as at U, U, the
use of which is for the passage of soapy water or other lubricating fluids which
are elevated and then allowed to fall on the dies and taps to keep them cool
while they are at work, and which water or fluids after falling on the tools
falls into the bosh, to be removed by any suitable waste pipe.
i The Figure last described is a section taken through the dotted line v, v, of
Fig. 2, which is a plan showing the broken shaft D, D, the fast and loose
pulleys c and c', cone pulley d, pinion F, bevilled wheel E partly broken off
for the purpose of better exhibiting the parts below, and in succession the
stay L is exhibited as also in part dotted lines the position of the side supports
K, K, in Figure 1; next is exhibited the circular table piece marked M, M, M,
which also is broken away for the purpose of defining in dotted lines the
bosh B, the lateral friction rollers 9 and g' and the toothed rim described as
at I, Figure 1, which is actuated by the worm wheel, here also shown in
dotted lines fixed on the shaft J, which is principally exhibited in the same
way, which shaft as before stated I have preferred setting up in glands or
plummer blocks fitted to lugs or brackets cast to and forming a part of the
bosh B, and which lugs are marked w, w, though principally shown in dotted
lines, and as seen in Figure 1 are below the revolving stage G, G, G. G.
This machine as before stated is arranged with five taps and five dies. The
several chucks that are in sight for carrying the taps and dies being marked a¹
and Y, and in this view the double inclines secured on the inner ends of the
bars t, t, are marked and a¹, the one exhibited in dotted lines below the
stay L, which moving with the stage in the direction of the arrow, with the
roller marked w in Figure 1, just escaping over it, thereby carrying the
the clutch vin contact with the bevilled wheel o in that Figure, so as to cause
the spindle g with the lies to revolve in the direction for seizing and screwing

page_text: another bolt, while the attendant who stands or sits in the position on the
stage G indicated by the letter X is advancing to remove the bolt z shown in
dotted lines, and apply another which will be advanced to the operation of the
revolving dies in manner following:-To the revolving stage G at Y, Z, partly
exhibited in dotted lines is attached a strong plate of metal by two or more
strong upright supports as at A', Figure 1, and which plate of metal is suffi-
ciently elevated as to work free of the attendant parts underneath the fixed
table or stand marked M, and to this strong plate of metal two springs are
attached, the one principally shown in dotted lines marked d', has the effect
as here exhibited of. advancing that part exhibited in section in Figure 1,
marded e', with its attandant parts as there shown for holding the boltz, and
which parts work in radial slots exhibited in Figure 2, marked f', ƒ‹ƒƒ‚
ff, and when the bolt radially retires by the reverse action of the dies, a
roller g' of the part e', Figure 1, will be in position for the advancing action
of the spring d¹ referred to at Figure 2, which has the effect of advancing the
bolt which the attendant has placed in position as the stage revolves; and
which same effect has been produced in like manner on the feed box marked Q
in Figure 2, which in this case has been advanced to the action of the tap, and is
represented in the position as having just entered the nut, and which as the
end of the revolving stay marked L¹ comes around will strike the lever b¹
shown in Figure 1, and knock a nut out, which as before stated,. will be
further explained; and at the same time the clutch will be operated on by
the roller w coming in contact with the inside of the incline a¹, which will
have the effect of reversing the action of the tap, so as to draw it out from the
nut now being operated on, for it to fall down and be removed in succession
while another takes its place. On the plate Y, Z, before named,. another
spring is attached shown entirely in dotted lines marked h¹; this spring comes
into action before the spring d', and brings back the nut box or bolt holder
from the action of the die or tap last in use, which having done its work, and
a bolt replaced (to remove and replace which is the work of the attendant),
the spring d' comes into operation; thus we have in this view the extent of
the plate Y, Z, the three different phases of the effect intended to be pro-
duced, viz., the nut box Q has been advanced to its work, which is progressing
by the tap entering the nut, the bolt holder e¹ has also been advanced to its
work, the attendant having removed a finished bolt, and replaced a bolt blank
for that purpose, while the nut box Q is upon the point of being withdrawn
from the operation of the tap, and as all these operations are simply an alter-
nate repeat as the stage revolves, it will be unnecessary to describe their

page_text: J
action further than that the connecting links k', k', k, k, are simply applied
not only for strength and uniformity, but also for alternately supporting the
vertical tubes, and their branches marked U, by which the water or fluid
before referred to is conducted to the operation of the tools.
M', M', is a sheet iron or other suitable fence secured to the stage, and
projecting up some two feet, more or less, to form a screen and support for
the person attending the machine. Through the opening caused by the
removal of a large portion of the table part M, M, the spur wheel O in
Figure 1 is here partly seen in plan gearing into the several pinions there
marked m, m, which actuate the vertical spindles N, N, and needs no further
description.
Fig. 3 is a detached front view of the feed box, resting on a part of the
table M; and Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section of the same; this feed
box is attached to the table or stand part by the under plate marked n', n',
overlapping the under side of the slot f¹, which is set up in position by nuts
and bolts, to the front or larger one marked p¹ the friction roller g¹ is applied.
In the front view, Figure 3, the lever is exhibited (part of which is shown at
Figure 1 marked b¹), and as this lever is struck in the direction of the arrow,
the bolt advances and removes the nut, allowing the one last tapped to take
its place, to be removed at the next contact with the lever c' of the revolving
Stay L.
Fig. 5 is a back, and Fig. 6 an edge detached view of another kind of bolt
holder to that exhibited at Figures 1 and 2, which I prefer for the facility
offered for changing the centre portion marked s¹ for holding different sizes
and shaped heads, and which centre portion is held in position by the set
screw t. The mode of fixing this to the table, as also the friction roller g¹ is
the same as described at Figures 5 and 6.
Having now described the nature and object of my Invention, it will occur
to any competent practical machinist acquainted with the construction of such
kind of machinery or appliances generally, that the details and mode of
actuating my improved machine may be greatly diversified and altered with-
out departing from the spirit and object of my Invention, as for instance, it
will be readily seen that the central vertical shaft can be as well actuated
below the bosh B or foundation, as put in motion in the way here exhibited;
as also the position of the spur wheel O for giving motion to the several
vertical spindles for actuating the taps and dies, as the same may be placed above
the other parts, instead of being below as here shown, without at all affecting
the general principle; but what I claim.as my Invention, and wish to protect

page_text: by these my in part recited Letters Patent, is, the general combination or its
equivalent, as herein described and exhibited, either for screwing bolts or
tapping nuts in succession, or nuts and bolts in alternate action.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Bayliss, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
JAMES S. COCKINGS, C. E.,.
Patent Agent,
26, Ann Street,
Birmingham.
MOSES BAYLISS. (L.S.)