Improvements relating to Heating Steam Generators.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 23rd May, 1890-Accepted. 19th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Heating Steam Generators.
We FRANZ MÖRTH Civil Engineer VII Burgasse 77 CARL DIENER, Manufacturer
III Marxergasse 24 and JOHN STOKINGER, Baron, III Marxergasse 24 all of Vienna
in the Empire of Austria do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of and apparatus for heating steam
boilers and is based on the following principle.
In order to increase the process of combustion to the highest degree of intensity a
mixture of superheated steam and oil or hydrocarbon vapors and superheated air is
injected from below into the glowing fuel on the fire grate and an analogous mixture
is injected into the furnace above the fire grate and the effect produced may he
increased by the supplementary injection of a mixture of superheated steam air and
of tar if desired.
According to this Invention a system of pipes is employed beneath the fire grate
these pipes being provided with numerous small holes-on the side opposite to the
grate. The pipes are supplied with a mixture of superheated steam vapors of oil and
of air coming from an injector and this mixture is ejected through the holes on the
undermost layer of fuel. In consequence of the contact with the glowing fuel the
superheated steam and vapours of oil are decomposed and the products enter with
the superheated air injected in the furnace in the space above the fire grate whereby
the intensity of the combustion is considerably increased.
For the purpose of regulating the supply of air to the fire grate the ash box is
closed and its doors are provided with registers in order to allow the supply of only
that quantity of air necessary to complete the quantity of air injected through the
system in a superheated and compressed state mixed with steam and vapors of oil by
the injector.
This lower injector serves not only for injecting superheated steam and vapours of
oil but also for the introduction of superheated air. The air is heated in a serpentine
or tubular heater disposed above or in the funnels or flues in such a manner that as
soon as by turning certain cocks the further supply of air to the injector is cut off,
cold air enters the heater through a socket or orifice which has been kept closed by
means of an iron stopper during the injection of air. Cold air passes then through
the said heater in a direction opposite to that during the injection of air and escapes
into the atmosphere.
In order to allow the introduction of a mixture of superheated steam of super-
heated vapours of oil and of superheated air from above the fire grate we dispose in
the fore part of the furnace a flat bent tube provided with numerous holes on the
side directed to the fire. Through these holes the mixture of steam and air escapes
and flows over the surface of the grate to the fire bridge thereby increasing the
intensity of the combustion.
In order to combine the introduction of the mixture of superheated steam vapours
of oil and of air above the fire grate with that of tar and superheated steam an upper
injector is placed above the said bent tube the construction of which is essentially the
same as of the lower injector herein before referred to with the only difference that
it is arranged horizontally and not vertically. By means of suitably arranged cocks
the tube and injector may be put in action separately or in combination. Both
arrangements may be cut off in case the first or lower injector is to be put in action
alone.
The system of pipes the bent tube and the second injector are supplied with the

page_text: required mixture of superheated steam of vapours of oil and of superheated air or of
tar and superheated steam with air by means of the following arrangements :-
A curved U shaped tube is fixed in the rear part of the fire box and receives
steam taken from the steam dome which steam is superheated in this tube by the fire
on the grate.
A reservoir filled with liquid hydrocarbon and provided with an oil gauge an
assaying or test glass and a feeding device is connected with the injector beneath.
The oil sucked in by the injecter enters a chamber in the injector surrounding a
hollow plug. The superheated steam passes through tubes into the steam space of
the injector and the quantity of steam to be employed is regulated by means of a
valve provided with a handle and an indicator and with openings allowing the steam
to pass to the nozzle of the injector. The steam coming through the hollow plug
exhausts the oil contained in the chamber whereby the oil is vapourized and the steam
mixed with the vapours of oil enters a nozzle in the injector of air surrounded with
an annular space; in this space is conducted air which has been heated in the
heater. Steam and vapours of oil leaving the plug exhaust the air contained in the
annular space the quantity of which air is regulated by means of a cock after which
the mixture of superheated steam and of vapours of oil passes partly through tubes
to the system of pipes beneath the fire grate and on the other side through tubes
leading to the perforated tube above the fire grate.
The injection of the mixture of air steam and of tar is effected by means of the
following arrangements :-
--
On the steam supply pipe there is a branch tube leading to the injector fixed on
the outside of the plate of the fire box doors. The tar tauk is placed upon the boiler
and the liquid tar previously heated flows into the injector. Air is supplied through
a pipe with a cock. The steam entering into the injector apparatus exhausts the air
and this mixture takes with it the tar to the fire by passing through the injection
pipe.
The starting of the apparatus is effected in the following manner :-
After the boiler has been supplied with water up to a suitable level and a valve is
opened which allows the said water to pass through the connecting tube to the heating
pipe the air contained in the latter escaping partly through the pipe into the boiler
partly through a three way cock and pipe into the atmosphere. When the heating
steam is produced in the pipe or heater it passes partly into the steam dome and partly
(mixed with water) into a receiver. When a manometer on the pipe indicates a
certain pressure steam is admitted from the steam-dome into the heating tube where
it is superheated and after the three way cock has been suitably turned this steam is
led through a pipe into the lower injector. In the meantime superheated air is con-
ducted into the upper and lower injector and liquid tar into the upper injector and all
the parts will work together as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 24th day of August 1889
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Heating Steam Generators.
We FRANZ MÖRTH Civil Engineer VII Burggasse 77 CARL DIENER Manufacturer
III Marxergasse and JOHN STOKINGER Baron III Marxergasse 24 all of Vienna in
the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner. the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to an improved method of and apparatus for heating steam
generators or boilers and is based on the following principle.
In order to increase the process of combustion to the highest degree of intensity
a mixture of superheated steam and oil or hydrocarbon vapour and superheated air is

page_text: njected from below into the glowing or incandescent fuel on the fire grate, and an
nalogous mixture is injected into the furnace above the firegrate. The effect produced
may be increased by the supplementary injection of a mixture of superheated steam,
air and tar if desired.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood we shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the several
figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same numerals and letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in elevation a marine boiler
arranged according to the present invention.
Figures 2 and 3 represent a plan view partly in section and a longitudinal section
respectively of these improved arrangements.
Figure 4 illustrates, drawn to a larger scale, the injector and oil reservoir in vertical
section.
1 fig. 2 indicates a system or series of pipes arranged beneath the fire bars or grate
these pipes being provided with numerous small holes 2, on the side opposite to the
grate.
These pipes are supplied with a mixture of superheated steam, hydrocarbon or oil
vapour and air delivered by an injector A and this mixture being ejected through the
holes 2 is caused to impinge against the undermost layer of fuel.
On coming in contact with the glowing fuel the superheated steam and oil vapours
are decomposed and the products of this decomposition pass along with the super-
heated air injected into the furnace into the space above the fire-grate with the result
of greatly accelerating the combustion.
For the purpose of regulating the supply of air to the fire-grate, the ash box is
closed and provided with registers, or hit and miss valves 3 which can be adjusted so
as to admit only so much air as is required to be combined with the quantity of air
injected in a superheated and compressed state through the pipes 1 being mixed with
steam and vapours of oil in the injector A.
As already mentioned the injector A serves not only for injecting superheated steam
and vapours of oil but also for the introduction of superheated air. The air is heated
in a serpentine tube or worm 4 in the upper part of the flue in such a manner, that
as soon as the further supply of air to the injector is cut off by turning the cock 5
cold air enters the serpentine 4 through a socket or aperture 6 Figure 1 which is
kept closed by means of an iron stopper 7 during the injection of air. Cold air then
passes through the said serpentine in a direction opposite to that in which it passes
during the injection of air and escapes at 8. This arrangement is employed in order
to preserve the tube 4.
The construction and disposition of the tube 4 may be
modified according to the system or construction of the boiler.
In order to allow of the introduction of a mixture of superheated steam, super-
heated vapours of oil and of superheated air into the upper part of the fire-grate, we
provide in the fore part of the furnace a flat bent tube 9 (in Cornish or marine boilers
a similar tube is provided in each furnace as represented in the drawing) preferably of
flattened or elliptical form in section this tube being perforated with numerous
holes 10 on the side directed to the fire. Through these holes the mixture of steam
and air escapes and is projected into the upper part of the fire place towards the fire
bridge and increases the intensity of the combustion.
For the purpose of combining the introduction of the mixture of superheated
steam, oil vapour and air above the fire grate with that of tar and superheated steam,
an injector B (for Cornish and marine boilers one similar injector in each furnace)
is placed above the tube 9 the construction of which injector is essentially the same as
that of the injector A with the only difference that this injector is arranged horizontally
and not vertically. By means of suitably arranged cocks the tube 9 and the injector B
may be put in action separately or in combination.
Both arrangements may be cut off in case the injector A only is to be put in
action.

page_text: The perforated pipes 1 the tubes 9 and the injector B are supplied with the required
mixture of superheated steam, oil vapours and superheated air and of tar and super-
heated steam respectively with air by means of the following arrangements.
A curved or U-shaped tube 11 placed in the roar part of the fire box receives
steam taken from the steam-lome and supplied through tubes 12, 13, 14, 15 and this
steam is superheated in the tube 11 by the fire in the grate.
A tank or reservoir 16 is filled with liquid hydrocarbon and provided with an oil-
gauge 17 assaying or testing glass 18 and feeding device, being connected with the
injector A situated beneath the tank 16 (Figure 4).
The oil drawn in by the action of the injector A enters a chamber 19 surrounding
a plug 20 provided with the bore or orifice 21. The superheated steam from the
tube 11 passes through the tubes 22, 23, 24, 25, figure 1, into the steam space 26 in
the injector A and the quantity of steam to be employed is regulated by means of a
valve screw 27, connected to a handle 28 passing through a stuffing box 29, and
provided with a valve seat 30 indicator 31 and openings 32 admitting steam to the
steam nozzle 20, 21. The steam coming through the bore 21 exhausts the oil con-
tained in the chamber 19 whereby the oil is vapourised and the steam mixed with the
vapour of oil enters the plug or nozzle 33 (provided with bore or orifice 3+) of the
air injector C. Around this nozzle is formed an annular space 35; into which is
conducted air heated in the tube or worm 4 and passing along the tubes 36, 37, 38.
Steam and vapour of oil issuing from the plug or nozzle exhaust the air contained in
the space 35, the quantity of air supplied to this space being regulated by means of
the cock 5. The mixture of superheated steam and of vapour of oil then passes
partly through the tubes 40, 41, to the series of perforated pipes 1 beneath the fire-
grate, and partly through tubes 42, 43, into the tube or tubes 9 above the fire
grate.
The injection of the mixture of air steam and tar is effected by means of the
following arrangements. On the steam pipe 24 there is at 44 figure 1 a branch
pipe 45 leading to the injector B disposed and fixed on the outside of the front plate
of the fire-box as shewn in Figure 3. A tar tank 46 figure 1 is placed upon the
boiler and the liquid tar previously heated flows through the tubes 47, 48 into the
injectors B. Air is supplied to the injectors B through pipes provided with cocks.
figure 1 the air entering in the direction indicated by the arrows in the drawing.
The steam entering the apparatus B exhausts the air and the mixture formed
carries with it the tar which passes through the injection pipe into the fire place.
The starting of the whole apparatus is effected in the following manner :
After the boiler has been supplied with water up to a suitable level a valve 49 is
opened, and allows water from the boiler to flow through the connecting tube 50
into the superheating pipe 11. The air contained in the latter escapes partly into
the boiler, and partly through a three way cock 51 and pipe 52 into the atmosphere.
The steam generated in the pipe 11, passes partly through the tubes 12, 13, 14, 15,
into the steam dome and partly (mixed with water) into a receiver.
When the manometer 53 indicates that sufficient pressure is attained steam is
admitted from the steam dome into the tube 11 where it is superheated and after the
three-way cock 51 has been placed in the required position, this steam is conducted
through the pipe 24 into the injector.
In the meantime superheated air is conducted into A and B and liquid tar into B
all the parts acting together as herein before described. It is obvious that these
arrangements may be varied or modified without departing from the essential
principles of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1° The process of injecting into the fire-box or furnace of a steam generator a
mixture of superheated steam, superheated air and of vapours of oil and tar through

page_text: a system or series of pipes 1 provided with holes 2, and disposed underneath the
fire-grate, in combination either with an injector B or with a pipe 9 (provided with
holes 10 placed in the fore part of the fire-box) or with both of these arrangements
in the manner and for the purpose as hereinbefore described and represented in the
annexed drawings.
2° For carrying out the process referred to in the preceding claiming clause a
system or series of pipes 1, pipes 9 and 11 injectors A and B and regulating cocks
and valves so combined or arranged that the fire box or furnace may be supplied with
a mixture of superheated steam, air, vapours of oil and of tar either:
a.) Exclusively from underneath the firegrate by the pipes 1, or
b.) Exclusively by the injector B, or
c.) Exclusively by the tube 9 or by two or all of these means simultaneously
substantially as hereinbefore described.
3° The arrangement and use of regulating cocks 5 and x, for regulating the
supply of superheated air to the injector A and controlling the passages through which
cold air is supplied to the injector B, substantially as hereinbefore described.
three
4° The arrangement and use of tubes 12, 13, 14, 15, pipe 50 with valve 49,
way cock 51 with tube 52 supplying the super heating tube 11 with water before
heating and then starting the apparatus in such a manner that the injector A (with
the conduit of pipes 1, or with the tube 9 or with both) or the injector B or both
injectors commence to act at the moment when an additional or sufficient pressure
has been obtained in the boiler; substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
5° The general arrangements and combinations of parts constituting the improve-
ments relating to heating steam generators substantially as herein before described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
20
P
1000
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.