IMPROVEMENTS IN BRONZING OR POWDERING PRINTED PAPERS OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN THE MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY Requiring an INTERMITTENT-MOTION
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Crosland, of the City of Manchester,
Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRONZING OR
POWDERING PRINTED PAPERS OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN THE MECHANISM
EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
MACHINERY Requiring an INTERMITTENT-MOTION."
Scaled the 21st May 1875, and dated the 23rd November 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Crosland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd November 1874.
I, WILLIAM CROSLAND, of the City of Manchester, Machinst, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BRONZING OR POWDERING PRINTED PAPERS OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN THE
MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO
OTHER MACHINERY REQUIRING AN INTERMITTENT MOTION," to be as follows :—
In carrying out my Invention I use a cylinder working in a horizontal
position, and I apply to this cylinder one or more small grippers (similar

page_text: to those used in printing machines) which take hold of the paper or
other material requiring to be bronzed and carry the same round with
the cylinder. On the top part of this cylinder I placo a quantity of
bronze or other powder which is kept in its place by a circular brush
revolving in an opposite direction to the cylinder, so sweeping the
powder round the periphery of the cylinder and entirely over the paper
or other material carried round by the grippers. Any required number
of rubbers or polishers may at the same time be applied to the cylinder.
I also apply a doffing comb to the circular brush to strip such brush of
any powder adhering thereto, and prevent it being carried round and
deposited on the finished work; the whole being cased in to prevent the
escape of the powder.
My improvements further relate to the construction of a stopping and
starting motion for controlling the before-metioned apparatus. On the
shaft of the cylinder I place a ratchet or toothed wheel running loose on
the shaft and driven continuously. Near to this ratchet wheel I affix an
arm keyed or otherwise made fast to the shaft, and upon this arm I
mount a pawl or catch working loosely on a stud, and which pawl or
catch is capable of being thrown into gear with the ratchet wheel, and
thus cause the shaft and cylinder to revolve together. In any con-
venient position a tappet is placed which strikes the catch as it comes
round, and so raises it out of contact with the ratchet wheel when the
cylinder immediately stops. To start the cylinder again it is only
necessary to move the tappet, which may be accomplished citber by
the hand or by means of a treddle, when the catch immediately enters one
of the the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and thus the cylinder is again set
in motion to make another revolution. If on the other hand the tappet
is held out of the way, the said cylinder will continue to revolve, but if
such tappet is allowed to come in contact with the catch the cylinder is
brought to a standstill at exactly the same point in every revolution.
One or more of these catches may be applied to the machine so as to
cause the cylinder to stop every time the grippers come opposite to the
table. It will be readily apparent that this combination of mechanism
for stopping and starting is applicable to lithographic presses, printing
machines, and other machinery requiring an intermittent motion.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Crosland in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd May 1875. .
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CROSLAND, of the City of Manchester, Machinst, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto the said William Crosland, Her special licence
that I, the said William Crosland, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as .I, the said William Crosland, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRONZING OR POWDERING PRINTED PAPERS OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN THE
MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE
TO OTHER MACHINERY REQUIRING AN INTERMITTENT MOTION," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Crosland, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Crosland, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
bc performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
In carrying out my Invention I use a cylinder working in a horizontal
position, and I apply to this cylinder one or more grippers (either similar
to those used in printing machines or of special construction as herein-
after described) which take hold of the paper or other material requiring

page_text: to be bronzed and carry the same round with the cylinder. On the top
part of this cylinder I place a quantity of bronze or other powder, which
is kept in its place by a circular brush revolving in an opposite direction
to the cylinder, so sweeping the powder round the periphery of the
cylinder and entirely over the paper or other material carried round by
the grippers. Any required number of rubbers or polishers may at the
same time be applied to the cylinder. I also apply a doffing comb
to the circular brush to strip such brush of any powder adhering thereto
and prevent it being carried round and deposited on the finished work;
the whole being cased in to prevent the escape of the powder.
-
My improvements further relate to the construction of a stopping and
starting motion for controlling the before-mentioned apparatus. On the
shaft of the cylinder I place a ratchet or toothed wheel running loose
on the shaft and driven continuously. Near to this ratchet wheel I affix
an arm keyed or otherwise made fast to the shaft, and upon this arm I
mount a pawl or catch working loosely on a stud, and which pawl or
catch is capable of being thrown into gear with the ratchet wheel, and
thus cause the shaft and cylinder to revolve together. In any con-
venient position a tappet is placed which strikes the catch as it comes
round, and so raises it out of contact with the ratchet wheel, when the
cylinder immediately stops. To start the cylinder again it is only
necessary to move the tappet, which may be accomplised either by the
hand or by means of a treddle when the catch immediately enters one
of the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and thus the cylinder is again set in
motion to make another revolution. If on the other hand the tappet is
held out of the way, the said cylinder will continue to revolve, but if
such tappet is allowed to come in contact with the catch the cylinder is
brought to a standstill at exactly the same point in every revolution.
One or more of these catches may be applied to the machine so as to
cause the cylinder to stop every time the grippers come opposite to the
table. It will be readily apparent that this combination of mechanism
for stopping and starting is applicable to lithographic presses, printing
machines, and other machinery requiring an intermittent motion.
And in order that this my said Invention may be the more readily
understood and carried into practical effect, I have hereunto annexed a
Drawing of a machine constructed in accordance with my Invention,
and drawn to a scale of about quarter full size. Similar letters marked
on the several views being used to denote similar parts.

page_text: Fig. 1 is an exterior side elevation; Fig. 2 represents the same view,
but partly in section, and Fig. 3 is a front view shewing a piece torn
from the cylinder to illustrate its internal mechanism.
In all the views A is the driving shaft carrying the fast and loose
pulleys A', and at its other extremity the spur pinion A²; B is the
cylinder shaft working in bearings B' formed in the checks of the
cylinder casing. The spur wheel B running loosely upon this shaft
gears with the pinion A², and a ratchet wheel B³ is either secured to or
forms part of such spur wheel B. Upon the same shaft B a boss C is
also keyed from which branch a pair of arms C₁ and C², the extremity of
the arm C¹ carrying a pawl lever D, the shorter arm of which is formed
into a pawl which is capable of taking into the teeth of the ratchet
wheel B³, and the other and longer arm of such pawl lever is extended as
illustrated; the extremity of the other arm Cª likewise carries a lever E,
the short arm of which is connected to the long arm of the pawl lever by
the link E', a spiral spring E³ being also connected between such short arm
and the fixed boss C for the purpose of holding the pawl constantly in
gear with the ratchet wheel, except when released as herein-after
explained. F is the cylinder secured upon and revolving with the
shaft B and enclosed in the cylinder casing F'; G and G¹ are two
grippers applied to such cylinder, but it will be obvious that only one or
even three or more grippers may be employed if required. These
grippers are of peculiar construction having a direct action towards the
axis of the cylinder, and not turning on a hinge as usually practised;
they are also formed with a bevel edge, as illustrated, to receive the edge
of the paper or other material and are made to fit into a corresponding
recess formed across the length of the cylinder. These grippers are held
down in their respective recesses, in which they fit accurately and
perfectly flush with the periphery of the cylinder by the action of the
spiral spring G coiled round studs projecting irom the under side of
such grippers through holes formed in the bottom of the recesses, and
such grippers are raised out of such recesses by two or more arms H
keyed upon the rocking shaft H¹ working in bearings secured to the
inner side of the cylinder F. This rocking shaft H' also carrying an
arm H having a friction bowl H³ mounted at its extremity, which by
coming in contact with the tappet I is so caused to partially turn the
rocking shaft H', and thus at the same time to raise the gripper out of
its recess ready to receive the edge of the sheet of paper.

page_text: The tappet I is capable of a vertical sliding motion being provided
with slots I¹' which receive studs secured in the cheeks of the drum
casing F" as illustrated. In the Drawing this tappet is illustrated in its
normal position, being so held by a stud I which rests upon the top
extremity of the bar J sliding vertically in the strap pieces J¹ secured to
the outside of the framework K, and which bar J is constantly drawn
upwards by the action of the spiral spring J³, but is capable of being
drawn downwards at the will of the attendant, by being connected
through the link L to the treddlo L; M is a trigger, action working
upon the pedestal M¹ projecting above the side framework K, and
consisting of a doubled-armed lover N, one arm of which projects
beneath a stud J³ secured in the bar J, and the other arm of which is
weighted sufficiently at its extremity to rest upon the projection N¹
affixed to the framing. To the former arm a latch O is centered upon
the stud O¹, and which is held in the relative position to the double-
armed lever N as illustrated by the pull of the spring O³ secured to a
downward extension of its weighted arm.
P is a circular brush mounted upon a shaft P¹ running in bearings in
the cylinder casing F, and which circular brush is driven in the reverse
direction to the cylinder F as indicated by the arrows by a train of spur
wheels, seen dotted in Fig. 2; Q is a doffing comb which serves to
strip the circular brush P of any bronzing or other powder which it may
gather in the act of sweeping such powder over the surface of the
cylinder.
The action of this machine may be thus described :-The machine is
illustrated in the Drawings with the cylinder F at rest owing to the
pawl lever D being drawn out of contact with the ratchet wheel B³ by
its long arm coming in contact with the latch O; the gripper G seen
best in Fig. 2 is now also in its open position and is ready to receive the
sheet of paper requiring to be bronzed or powdered, a quantity of such
powder R being placed direct upon the periphery of the cylinder F
through the door S which is furnished for this purpose.
The attendant having introduced the edge of the paper within the
open bevilled edges of the gripper G now depresses the treddle L, so
causing the bar J* to descend, and in its descent to draw the trigger
action M into the position shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 1; the spring O³
permitting the latch O to yield and pass underneath the arm D of the

page_text: pawl lever, which being thus free instantly gears itself with the ratchet
wheel B, and the cylinder F commences to revolve in the direction of
the arrow; meanwhile the tappet I has been lowered by the bar J
retiring from under the stud I³, and the friction bowl H³ being relieved
from contact with the tappet I the gripper G is drawn down into its
recess by the action of the spiral springs G³ and so holds the paper as the
cylinder revolves. Simultaneously with the cylinder F revolving in one
direction the circular brush P revolves in the contrary direction, and so
thoroughly brushes and distributes the powder over the surface of the
paper or other material advancing towards it, and thus before such paper
comes in contact with the brush it is not only covered with the powder
by the action of the brush, but has also to pass through the body of the
powder lying upon the surface of the cylinder, and thus any tendency to
smearing is most effectually obviated. This revolving action continues
through half a revolution of the cylinder by which time the long arm of
the lever E has come in contact with the latch of the trigger action (which
has in the meantime resumed its original position in consequent of the
attendant having released the treddle), and so the pawl is again with-
drawn out of the ratchet wheel, and the cylinder stops. The friction
bowl appertaining to the gripper G₁ has meanwhile come round and
raised itself on to the tappet I, so opening such gripper for the reception
of the next sheet of paper when the machine is again started and the
same action is repeated.
I would here remark that as the grippers in this machine are perfectly
flush with the cylindrical surface or periphery of the cylinder, that no
lodgment is afforded for the dust to be carried round with the cylinder,
and thus deposited on the finished work or wasted, and it will be equally
apparent that my improved construction of stopping and starting
mechanism is applicable to printing, lithographic, and other machinery
requiring an intermittent motion.
1st. Placing the bronzing or powdering material directly on the
surface of the cylinder, and throwing the same over the surface of the
sheet of paper or other material as herein-before described.

page_text: 3rd. The use and application of the peculiar construction of gripper
to machinery for bronzing or powdering paper and other materials
as herein-before described and illustrated on the accompanying
Drawings.
4th. The stopping and starting mechanism as applied to machinery a
for bronzing or powdering paper and other materials, and to printing,
lithographic, and other machinery requiring an intermittent motion.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Crosland, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 21st day of May, in the year of
our Lord 1875.
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