A NEW METHOD OF PRODUCING PATTERNS OR CLOTHS MADE OF CALICO, OR LINEN, OR BOTH, BY PRESERVING OR DEFENDING MORDANTS OR COLOURS PREVIOUSLY APPLIED TO THEM PROM INJURY, WHEN IT IS REQUIRED TO PASS SUCH MORDANTS OR COLOURS THROUGH SOLUTIONS OF ACIDS, OF ACID SALTS, OF METALLIC SALTS, OR OF COMBINATIONS OF THE OXYMURIATIC ACID
Year: 1814

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
DUFFY, junior, of Ballsbridge, in the County of the City of Dublin, Calico
Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of His United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, called England, bearing date at Westminster, the
Eighth day of February, in the fifty-fourth year of His reign, give and grant
unto me, the said John Duffy, junior, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, His special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and
themselves, and by my and their deputy and deputies, servants and agents, or
such others as I, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of fourteen years, to be computed from the date thereof, should and
might lawfully make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A NEW METHOD
OF PRODUCING PATTERNS OR CLOTHS MADE OF CALICO, OR LINEN, OR BOTH, BY
PRESERVING OR DEFENDING MORDANTS OR COLOURS PREVIOUSLY APPLIED TO THEM
PROM INJURY, WHEN IT IS REQUIRED TO PASS SUCH MORDANTS OR COLOURS THROUGH
SOLUTIONS OF ACIDS, OF ACID SALTS, OF METALLIC SALTS, OR OF COMBINATIONS OF
THE OXYMURIATIC ACID;" in which Letters Patent there is contained a proviso,
that if I, the said John Duffy, junior, should not cause a particular and
exact description of my said Invention, and of the manner of making and

page_text: using the same, in writing, under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in the
Rolls of His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery, in that part of
the said United Kingdom called England, within six calendar months next
and immediately ensuing the date of the said Letters Patent, then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the said
Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in pursuance of and compliance with the said recited
provisoe, I, the said John Duffy, junior, do hereby declare that a particular
and exact description of the said Invention, and of the manner of making and
using the same, is herein-after contained, and is as follows:-
After the mordants or colours have been applied to the cloth, either in figures
or as a ground, by any of the well-known methods of calico-printers, I first
print, stamp, pencil, or otherwise apply to the cloths over those parts of the
said mordants or colours that are intended to be protected from the action of
acids, acid salts, metallic salts,, and solutions or combinations of the oxymuriatic
acid, wax, resin, turpentine, mastic, elemi, frankincense, spermaceti, tallow, or
animal fat rendered fluid by heat, and so mixed or combined, and in such pro-
portions of two or more of them; or any other waxy, resinous, fatty; or oily
substances as will not only adhere to the cloth and protect the mordants and
colours during the operations they have to undergo, but be afterwards removeable
by warm water or bran water, or by such other simple applications as will
neither impare the mordants so preserved, or materially affect the natural
brightness of the colours. Secondly, after the said waxy, resinous, fatty, or
oily compositions has been so applied to the cloth; and over such part of thie
mordants or colours as are i intended to be preserved, I immerse the cloth in a
diluted solution of vitriolic acid, or of oxymuriatic acid, or in such diluted
solutions of the vegetable, mineral, or animal acids, or acid salts, or metallic
salts, or oxymuriates, as will in a reasonable time dissolve or discharge from
union with the cloth such parts of either. the mordants or colours, or colouring
matter alone; as has not been protected by the before-mentioned waxy, resinous,
fatty, or oily composition. Thirdly, I rince the cloth well in water, or other-
wise remove from them all the remains of said acid, souring; or salts, by the
usual processes. Fourthly, having thus removed the mordants, or colours, or
colouring matter, previously applied to the cloths, from those parts of the said
cloth not defended by the aforesaid waxy, resinous, fatty, or oily composition, I
proceed to finish the work by the ordinary methods of calico printers, according
to the nature of the patterns and colours it is intended to produce. It is evident

page_text: from what has been already set forth in the preceding part of this Specification,
that the waxy, resinous, fatty, or oily defence or covering admits of great
variety in its composition, according to the nature of the substances employed,
and the proportions in which they are mixed or combined. Some mixtures,
as, for instance, wax or spermaceti, rendered fluid by heat, may be used alone,"
though with less advantage generally than the combinations herein-after named;
others, such as resin or turpentine, can only be safely used in combination with
waxy or fatty substances. The composition which unite the greatest number
of advantages are such as consist of two or more substances united in various
proportions, of which the following are given as examples, viz, three parts of
black rosin, one part of tallow, and one-sixteenth part of bees' wax; or, four
parts of rosin, one part of suet, and one-half part of white soap. These are
not removeable-from the cloth below the heat of boiling water, nor readily
without the addition of a small quantity of soap or alkuli, and can, therefore,
be used only to defend those mordants or colours which will not be injured by
such application. and such temperature. Where colours less permanent, or
where aluminous or other mordants incapable of sustaining without injury the
action of boiling water, or soap, or alkali, are to be defended, the composition
to be used is such as can be again removed from the cloth at a lower tempara-
ture, and in water only, or in bran and water, or such other simple menstrua
as shall not impair either the mordants or colours. Such, for example, is the
composition which I use and prefer of one part of spermaceti to two parts of
Venice turpentine, or one part of bees' wax to three parts of turpentine. The
foregoing compositions, consisting almost wholly of substances rendered fluid
by heat, are worked in the same manner and with the same precautions as in
the ordinary methods of wax printing, as practised by calico printers, or by any
other mode in which the said compositions can be printed, stamped, pencilled,
or otherwise applied to the cloths, as aforesaid; and with a view to give body
to, and facilitate, and improve the working of the said compositions, or any
other compounds of resinous, waxy, fatty, or oily substances, or of fluid wax,
or fluid spermaćeți alone, be it observed, that I sometimes add in greater or
less quantity, as best. suits the purpose, pipe clay, soap, alkalies, either mild or
caustic, or gypsum bole, sulphate of lead, and such like substances, though
these do not necessarily form a part of the said compositions. For the more
fully explaining and illustrating the Invention. herein-before described, I add
the following examples:-First, if it is required to exhibit a yellow object or
pattern on a dark blue ground, or à red object or pattern on a dark blue ground,
I. print or pad the cloth all over with the common aluminous mordant, and

page_text: afterwards rince off or cleanse it, after the well-known methods of callico
printers. I then print, stamp, or pencil on those parts that are intended to
exhibit the pattern or figure, the composition of one part of spermaceti to two
parts of Venice turpentine, and afterwards pass the cloth through a dilute solu-
tion of sulphuric acid, which removes all the mordant from those parts of the
cloth not protected by the aforesaid composition. I then proceed to dip it in
the indigo blue vat to the shade required, and afterwards by warm water and
washings remove the compositions by the common process of dyeing in madder.
I obtain a red in the figure or pattern that has been protected from the action
of the acid, and with wild or quercitron bark I obtain the same figure in yellow
on a dark blue ground. Secondly, if it is required to exhibit a yellow object
or pattern on cloth that has been printed or padded with the aluminous mor-
dant and dyed madder red, or an olive object or pattern, or cloth that has
been impregnated with a mixture of alumine and iron mordants, and dyed
madder brown, I apply the same composition of one part of spermaceti to two
of turpentine over the parts intended to be preserved red or brown, and destroy
the colouring matter of the rest by immersion in a discharging liquor, prepared
by adding one part, by weight, of concentrate sulphuric acid to about two hun-
dred and fifty parts of the watery solution of the oxmuriate of lime, of one
thousand and thirty specific gravity, (water being considered as one thousand,)
or proportionably to any of its other earthy or alkaline combinations. The
mordants of such destroyed colouring matter will remain attached to the cloth,
and will become yellow in the red pattern, or olive in the brown pattern, by
the usual process of dyeing in weld or quercitron bark. If, on the other hand,
it is required to produce a blue object or pattern, instead of a yellow or olive,
on the foregoing dyed madder red or brown, I use the composition of three
parts of black rosin, one part of tallow, and one-sixteenth part of bees' wax,
to cover the red or brown parts intended to be preserved, and pass the cloth
through the foregoing discharging liquor to destroy all the unprotected colour-
ing matter, and afterwards through some acid solution to carry off the mordants.
I next proceed to dip it in the indigo blue vat to the shade required, and finally,
by warm alkaline or soapy waters and washings, remove the composition.
The above particulars and examples are given for the more full explanation
of the said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed;
but the Invention whereof I claim the sole and.exclusive use consists in print-
ing, stamping, pencilling, or otherwise applying over those parts of the mordants
or colours that have been previously communicated to the cloth, and which are
intended to be protected from the action of acids, acid salts, metallic salts, and