CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY" OR APPARATUS FOR 'DRAWING' AND 'SPINNING' WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, OR WOOL MIXED WITH OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Hinchliffe, of Mill Bridge, in Liversedge,
in the Parish of Birstal, in the West Riding of the County of York,
Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY"
OR APPARATUS FOR 'DRAWING' AND 'SPINNING' WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, OR WOOL MIXED WITH OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 8th July 1856, and dated the 5th February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Hinchliffe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1856.
I, THOMAS HINCHLIFFE, of Mill Bridge, in Liversedge, in the Parish
of Birstal, in the West Riding of the County of York, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR "DRAWING" AND "SPINNING" WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, OR WOOL MIXED WITH OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of machinery or apparatus for the purpose of
"simultaneously drawing" and "spinning" wool or other fibrous substances,
or wool mixed with other fibrous substances, .consequently dispensing with the
traversing spindle carriage now used in billies, mules, &c. in drawing and
spinning wool, &c.

page_text: The carding or substance to be "drawn" and "spun" is passed through a
pair of rollers, fluted or otherwise, as in mules, but resting on or affixed to a
moveable frame (which rollers we will term "delivering rollers "); after passing
which, the carding or fibrous substance is received by a pair of "drawing
rollers, fixed in the centre or nearly of a pulley or wheel, having a rotary
motion, and revolving at any required speed on its own axle, and thus whirling
the said "drawing rollers" round at right angles or nearly to its axle, through
which axle, being hollow, the material in process of spinning is passed directly
between the two drawing and spinning rollers, and out at the opposite side,
and thence to the flier, and on to the bobbin or spindle. On the axle of the
pulley or wheel containing the drawing rollers is placed a toothed or bevil
wheel, to which rotary motion is given independent of the motion applied to the
pulley or wheel containing the drawing and spinning rollers, or the axle of the
same on which it revolves, which bevil wheel is connected with a small toothed
or bevil pinion or wheel on the end of one of the drawing rollers, by which
motion is imparted, and such drawing roller, receiving motion, gives motion
to the other drawing roller (by means of toothed gear in such direction as to
draw. and pass the fibrous substance or yarn between them through the axle.
I would have it here perfectly understood that the circular box, pulley, or
wheel, and the large bevil wheel on the axle of the said box, pulley, or wheel,
both revolve in the same direction, but at different speeds, each having motion
imparted independant of the other by means of the of cords, bands, or belts, or
toothed gearing applied thereto, from propelling drums or rollers which extend
the length of any spinning frame, one of which drums, is adapted to any
number of pullies or wheels containing drawing rollers, and one to the toothed
or bevil wheels or pullies containing toothed or bevil wheels revolving on the
axle of the said pullies or wheels containing drawing rollers in such frame,
there being one drum to drive the whole number of pullies or wheels containing
drawing rollers contained in any one frame, and one drum to drive the whole
number of toothed or bevilled wheels revolving on the axles of any number
of pullies or wheels containing drawing and spinning rollers in the same frame.
Such motions as aforesaid given to the said spinning and drawing rollers
can be varied, in or by the propelling drums, to regulate the twist given in
process of spinning throughout the whole frame, containing any number of
threads, without altering the thickness of the yarn spun, or the thickness of
the yarn may be altered without altering the twist given, or the twist given
or the thickness, or either or both, may be altered without change pinions or
pinion wheels or wheel to each or to any of the drawing rollers, or without
change wheels to any of the pullies or wheels containing the said drawing

page_text: rollers. All or any of such requisite changes are attained by having two
different motions applied to the two proximate wheels, the one containing the
drawing rollers, with toothed or bevil pinion to receive motion, the other the
bevil wheel revolving on the axle of that containing the drawing rollers in
such near position as to impart motion to the drawing rollers by means of the
small toothed or bevil pinion or wheel. The delivering rollers and drawing
rollers are each, or either, or both placed on moveable frame or frames, so
arranged and constructed to move the whole length of frame required to
any number of spinning and drawing rollers, or spindles or threads in
process of spinning in any one frame, and so lengthen or shorten the
portion of thread in process of spinning. This lengthening or shortening
the portion of yarn in process of spinning, between the delivering rollers
and the drawing rollers, by moving either the delivering rollers, as above,
or the drawing rollers to attain the like purpose of lengthening or shortening
the distance between the two, or lengthening or shortening the yarn in process
of spinning between the said drawing and spinning rollers and the delivering
rollers, I claim as novel and part of my Invention. By such means the
machinery and process may be adapted in the minutest manner possible to
the various qualities, fibres, natures, staples, and conditions of wool, or other
fibrous substances to be spun. The "drawing rollers" contained in the pulley
or wheel being made to revolve by the bevil wheel, before mentioned, at a
greater speed than the delivering rollers, will "draw" the carding or substance
operated upon to any required fineness, being at the same time held firmly.
between the "delivering rollers" and the drawing rollers; the pulley or wheel
containing the drawing rollers being also made to revolve, will cause the same
to be twisted or spun.
30
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Hinchliffe in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th July 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
HINCHLIFFE, of Mill Bridge, in Liversedge, in the Parish of Birstal, in the.
West Riding of the County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters,
Patent bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord..
35 One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for, Herself, Her, heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said. Thomas, Hinchliffe, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her
special.. licence that I, the, said Thomas Hinchliffe, my executors, adminis-
trators,, and, assigns, or such others as, I, the said Thomas Hinchliffe; my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others; from; time to time and, at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and, lawfully might make,, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OF
APPARATUS FOR DRAWING, AND SPINNING' WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,
OR WOOL MIXED WITH OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Thomas, Hinchliffe, my executors or administrators,
by, an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly, describe, and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in, what manner the same was to be performed, and cause, the
same, to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six. calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent
NOW KNOW YE, that. I; the said Thomas Hinchliffe, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the, same is to be per
formed, to be particularly described, and-ascertained in and by the following.
statement and, accompanying. Drawings; that is to say:
or
" This, my Invention, consists of a novel construction of machinery or appa-
ratus. for my purpose of simultaneously "drawing" and "spinning" wool
other fibrous substances; or wool mixed with other, fibrous substances, and;
dispensing with the traversing spindle carriage now used in billies; &c.; .in.
drawing and spinning wool, &c. The carding or fibrous substance to be,
drawn and spun is passed through or between rollers (which I will term
"delivering" rollers), as in mules, &c., but which are fixed to or rest on
a moveable or slide frame, after which the fibrous substance is received
by, and passed between a pair of "drawing" rollers (revolving at the
required speed), and through the axle of a pulley or wheel containing the
same to a "flyer," and on to the bobbin or spindle, such drawing rollers
having a pinion or pinions to receive motion, and revolving at any required
speed on their own respective axles, in steps or pedestals, fixed to or in a
pulley or wheel, the sides of contact of the said drawing rollers being trans-
verse to or across, and at or near the centre of the axle of the said pulley
or wheel. Also revolving loose on the said axle of the said pulley or wheel
containing the said drawing rollers is a pulley or wheel, with toothed gear
"
i

page_text: applied to the said pinion or pinions to give motion to the said drawing.rollers
on their respective axles; by the, difference of speed in the said two pullies or
wheels revolving in proximate or near position:
In order that this Invention may be better understood- and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings of, the machinery or
apparatus, the corresponding parts of which are marked by similar letters of
reference:
The letters a, a, a; upon Figure 1 (drawn one quarter size) represent the
framework of the machine; Figures 2 and 3 are drawn full size. The carding
or substance to be drawn, and, spun. is on the large..bobbin b; Figure 1, and
passes over the large drum c to the delivering. rollers d, d, and passes through
or between; as in mules. The delivering rollers d, d, the drum c;. and the
large bobbin b; are all fixed to and connected with the moveable or slide.frame
e; which is made to move nearer to or further from, the drawing rollers f, f;
by means of the screw g: The shaft. extends the whole length of the
machine, and is applicable to the number of screws required in any one
spinning frame; and upon the shaft h is the worm connected, with the worm
wheel at the end of the screw. Motion is given by the handle upon the end
of the shaft h to move the frame e. By this, arrangement greater or less
distance can be given between the drawing rollers f, f; and thé delivering
rollers d, d, to suit the nature; condition, and working of the different staples
of wool or other fibrous substances to be drawn and spun.. The thread passes
through the tube or hollow axle i, and between the drawing rollers f, f, in the
direction of the arrows: The drawing rollers ff, with the bevil wheels
o, o, are fixed to: and revolve with the pulley or wheel.j; and twist the
yarn simultaneously with the drawing. The pulley or wheel 7 and the bevil
wheel m are fast to each other, and rotate together loose on the tube or
axle i, and are held in gear with the bevils o; o, by the hoop n. When
the pullies and j are set in motion by toothed or other appropriate gear, or
by bands or belts, as P, P, from propelling drums, as q and q*, and the drum
or roller q being made to revolve quicker than the drum or roller q*, a greater
speed is given to the pulley 7 than to the pulley j, and by the difference of
speed any required rotary motion is given to the drawing rollers ff, quicker
or slower in proportion to the said difference of speed between the pulley
and the pulley j, and by that means any amount of twist can be given to the
thread in process of drawing. The rollers" f, f, are held together in the
dice k, k, Figures 2 and 3, by a spring t, in sufficient contact to hold the
thread in process of drawing; u, Figure 1, is the main driving pulley;

page_text: v, spur wheel on the boss or axle of the said pulley, which gives motion to
the wheels; w, w, and x, the wheels; and A; A, are change wheels; whereby
any required speed may be given to the drawing and twisting of the wool
or other fibrous substance in process of spinning. The wheel B, at the
opposite end of the frame, gives motion to the rollers C*, C*; the wheels D
give motion to the upright shaft, and the worm and wheel to the roller
shaft d. The end of the delivering roller shaft d, at the opposite end of the
machine, is connected by toothed wheels to the large wheel at the end of the
drum C, of such diameters as to give off the carding in proper quantity to
supply the delivering rollers. The drawing rollers are made to rotate at the
required speed, and in the direction to draw the yarn as required."
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I would have it distinctly understood, that I claim
the novel construction, application, and use of the apparatus or machine here
specified and described for the purpose aforesaid, and which is included in the
pulley or wheel j containing the drawing and spinning rollers f, f, and the
pulley or wheel l, revolving loose at a different speed on the axle or tube,
through which the yarn passes, or any hollow axle near the said pulley j, and
the use of the two motions or speeds applied to the pullies j and 1, to give
motion by their difference to the drawing and spinning rollers, for the purpose
aforesaid; likewise, the lengthening or shortening the portion of yarn in pro-
cess of drawing and spinning, agreeably to the staple or length of fibre or other
variations in the materials to be spun. I claim the novel application and use
of such said mechanism, and two motions, for the purpose of simultaneously
drawing and spinning wool or other fibrous substances, or wool mixed with
other fibrous substances; which machinery will be easily understood by reference.
to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Hinchliffe, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
THOMAS HINCHLIFFE. (L.S.)