matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALL CASTORS AND BALLS FOR LOCOMOTIVE PURPOSES GENERALLY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kidder at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1875.
I, JOHN KIDDER, of Plaistow, in the County of Essex, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BALL CASTORS AND BALLS FOR LOCOMOTIVE PURPOSES GENERALLY," to be as
follows:-
Referring to my Patent No. 569, 1855, I have improved on the mode
there set forth as follows:-
This Invention relates to what are usually called ball castors and
balls for locomotive purposes generally, and consists in a novel mode of
constructing the case which is to retain the revolving ball in its place
and assist in giving it momentum.
I form the inside of the said socket or case with a ring or shoulder at
the top, which rests on the revolving ball, which ring a shoulder may
be formed out of the solid case or any other suitable material. I
also form the inside of the socket rather larger than the ball, which

page_text: on revolving cannot touch any part of the socket except the ring or
shoulder.
The ball may be prevented leaving the socket by bending in extensions
of the outer case or socket below the horizontal diameter of the ball,
or by claws or other convenient or suitable mode.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR FILLING, CLOSING, AND DRAWING OFF THE CONTENTS OF BOTTLES CONTAINING SODA WATER AND OTHER EFFERVESCING LIQUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Howat at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1875.
I, ANDREW HOWAT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR FILLING, CLOSING, AND DRAWING OFF
THE CONTENTS OF BOTTLES CONTAINING SODA WATER AND OTHER EFFERVESCING
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:
-
The object of my Invention is to facilitate the filling, closing, and
drawing off the contents of bottles containing effervescing liquids,
whereby a portion of the said contents can be drawn off without allowing
the fixed gases to escape.
My improved apparatus consists of a spindle which passes from above
through the bottle, and of a plug at the bottom of the spindle which
opens or closes a hole in the bottom of the bottle. The spindle passes
over through a stuffing box which is screwed on to a split ring fitting
on the shoulder of the neck of the bottle, the spindle is screwed into the
gland of the stuffing box, and by turning it round the plug is opened or

page_text: closed; when the bottle has been filled through the bottom hole with the
effervescing liquid the plug is screwed down, and when the contents or
a portion of the contents of the bottle is to be drawn off the bottle is
held over the glass and the plug is raised, the pressure of the fixed gases
then forces the effervescing liquid out of the bottle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND DISPLAYING SHIRTS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wheeler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1875.
I, JAMES WHEELER, of the Poultry, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND DISPLAYING SHIRTS AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to a stand or apparatus which is intended more
particularly to be employed for holding and displaying shirts and other
articles in shop windows and other like places, but which is also
applicable as a rest or support for books or music and for other similar
purposes, and it consists essentially in constructing and fitting the stand
in such a manner that it shall be adjustable both vertically, horizontally,
and at an angle, so as to admit of the article to be displayed or supported
being moved in any required direction and held in any desired position.
The stand is composed of a base of suitable shape and size carrying
a tubular vertical stem, in which there is a rod fitted telescopically, so
as to be free to rise and fall as well as to turn therein, but capable of

page_text: being secured by means of a screw in any desired position. The rod is
provided on its upper end with a table or plate, which may be movable
or fixed, as required, and the rod has also formed on or attached to it a
cross piece arranged so as to constitute pivots or centres for a movable
frame carrying a projecting quadrant, which passes through a slot or
aperture formed in the vertical rod, and may be fixed by means of a
screw in any adjusted position. The table or plate thus forms a hori-
zontal support, whilst the movable frame which is provided with
suitable holding ledges, hooks, or projections, constitutes an inclined
support or rest for any articles placed thereon, the height, lateral
direction, and angle of inclination of the same being thus capable of
variation as required.
An additional telescopic tube or tubes may be employed when a
greater range of vertical adjustment is desired or when an additional
table or plate is desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INTENSIFYING COILS AND CONTACT BREAKERS FOR ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Rooke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
September 1875.
i
I, FREDERICK ROOKE, of No. 22, George Street, Stonehouse, in the
County of Devon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INTENSIFYING COILS AND CONTACT BREAKERS FOR ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction and arrange-
ment of intensifying coils for electric circuits, whereby I am enabled to
obtain powerful physiological and other effects from a moderate primary
current, and to improvements in the contact breakers employed for
converting continuous into intermittent currents. For this purpose.
instead of employing for the core of the intensifying coil a bar of iron
or bundle of wires in the usual manner I use a continuous iron wire
coiled lengthwise on a wooden diaphragm, and on this core I wind the
insulated electric wire, so that the clectric current in each revolution
round the core passes over two opposite magnetic fields and two opposite

page_text: points where the magnetic field is interrupted by the edges of the
wooden diaphragm.
The contact breaker according to my improved construction consists
of a bar of iron bent to a horse shoo shape, the one limb being made
somewhat longer than the other. To the end of this longer limb I fix
the spring of the hammer, the armature being fixed on the other end of
the spring facing the shorter limb. I coil the clectric wire only upon
this shorter limb, and behind the spring I mount a contact scrow
adjustable in the ordinary manner.
In instruments for physiological purposes embracing my improve-
ments I prefer to introduce a condenser connected into the circuit on
cach side of the point of intermittent contact.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS TO BE USED FOR WINDING AND DRIVING PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Shaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1875.
I, EDWARD SHAW, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Perambulator Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS TO BE USED FOR WINDING
AND DRIVING PURPOSES," to be as follows
-
Instead of making the wheels as at present, wherein the spokes are
all fastened to one nave, I divide the nave into two parts and fasten half
the spokes on one side and the other half on the other. To produce the
proper tension or rigidity of the spokes, I force one of the halves of
the nave from the other by means of a screw and nut, or screws and
nuts, or stays, or by other means, whereby they can be kept asunder,
and by this method the spokes can be always kept at their proper
tension with ease and certainty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Parker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1875.
JAMES WILLIAM PARKER, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to the class or description of steam
engines known as three cylinder engines, and comprises the constructing
such engines with the piston rods pierced with a port or opening through
or across the rod, and with a recess or recesses cut in them for the
exhaust ports.
In practice I prefer placing the three cylinders with the pistons,
working three cranks on one shaft, but intend sometimes placing them
so that all the pistons may work on to one crank.
In some cases the cylinders will be single-acting, and in others double-
acting. I contemplate enclosing the piston rods in a chamber, which in
some cases will be in connection with a condenser so as to obtain a
vacuum on the exhaust side of the pistons.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TUBES USED FOR SPINNING WORSTED OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sykes, James Eli Sykes,
and Edward William Sykes at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th March 1875.
We, JOHN SYKES, JAMES ELI SYKES, and EDWARD WILLIAM SYKES,
of Bradford, in the County of York, Spindle, Flyer, Cap, and Tube
Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TUBES USED FOR SPINNING WORSTED OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the bobbin tubes or tubes placed upon the
spindles for carrying the bobbins, and our improvements consist in
constructing these tubes of solid steel tubing instead of brass or iron, as
heretofore. Tubes made of this material are much more durable than
those made of brass or iron, which quickly wear out in consequence of
the friction between the tubes and spindles.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GRINDING THE CARDS ON CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Henry Hitchon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1875.
.
I, JOSEPH HENRY HITCHON, of Rawtenstall, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GRINDING THE CARDS ON CARDING
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of grinding the cards
on the main cylinder, or cylinders and workers and doffing cylinder, of a
carding engine used for carding cotton, wool, or other fibrous substances,
whilst the machine is in motion, and consists principally in the employ-
ment of fine emery rollers, mounted with their emery surface in contact
with the wire teeth of the main cylinder, workers, and doffing cylinder
of the carding engine. These emery rollers are driven in the same
direction as the card teeth are inclined, and their surface revolving
faster than the surface of the card teeth will keep them always sharp.
The ordinary card strippers are dispensed with, and the emery rollers
take their place, and not only keep the points of the card teeth sharpened,

page_text: as above described, but also perform the office of strippers. I also place
a similar fine emery roller between the main carding cylinder and the
doffing cylinder in place of what is known as the "fancy" roller. By
these means not only are the teeth kept constantly in working order,
but a considerable amount of time is saved, as the carding engine does
not require to be stopped whilst the teeth are being ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Whitham and John
Witham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th October 1875.
We, THOMAS WHITHAM, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, and JOHN WITHAM, of the same Place, Cotton Spinner, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention refers to a method of preventing waste of the material
and the mischievous consequence of such material passing endways at
the licker in. For this purpose we adapt thereto or to the cylinder and
róllers a cover provided with perforations on its transverse surface.
The draft generated by the rotation of the cylinder passes through these
perforations, and the fly is thus prevented from being carried endways,
as is now the case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marshall Arthur Wier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th February 1875.
I, MARSHALL ARTHUR WIER, of No. 33, Abchurch Lane, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists, as regards liquid meters in which a spiral
vane or screw rotated by the liquid flowing through it is employed, in
arranging in connection with such spiral vane or screw a series of guide
vanes or curved passages for the purpose of guiding the liquid so as to
impinge upon the said spiral vane or screw at the most advantageous
angle. It consists as regards liquid meters in which reciprocating
pistons are employed in arranging a piston or plunger to reciprocate in a
cylinder or chamber, such piston having adapted thereto a valve which
remains closed, whilst the piston or plunger is urged forward by the
liquid in one direction, but opens, allowing the liquid to pass through
the body of such piston or plunger during its return stroke, the said
piston or plunger effecting such return stroke by the action of a counter-

page_text: balance weight or a spring. The said valve is governed by springs or other
suitable mechanism combined with certain recesses in the cylinder or
chamber; and the counting apparatus is operated by a lever or other
suitable instrument in connection with the piston or plunger.
In one modification of the last-named apparatus the piston is pressed
in one direction by the liquid, whilst in a position transverse to the
direction of the current of such liquid. On arriving at the end of its
stroke the said piston is caused to tilt or turn edgewise towards the
current of liquid, being returned through the same by the action of a
counterbalance weight, spring, or other suitable means; the tilting or
turning of the piston is also effected by means of a weight in connection.
with certain grooves and recesses, and fixed stops in the cylinder or
measuring chamber.
By another modification a series of pistons or vanes mounted upon
spindles radiating from a central axis are made to rotate in a chamber by
the action of the liquid, such pistons or vanes being opened out and
acted upon successively by the liquid whilst traversing the acting portion
of the said chamber, but caused to fold or feather whilst traversing the
other or neutral part of such chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING AND LOWERING GEAR TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH SHEER LEGS AND CRANES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Wightwick Rendel, of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, in the County of the same Town, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING AND LOWERING GEAR TO BE
USED IN CONNECTION WITH SHEER LEGS AND CRANES."
Scaled the 31st August 1875, and dated the 27th March 1875.
(Foid by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification
in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Wightwick
Rendel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 27th March 1875.
I, GEORGE WIGHTWICK RENDEL, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the
County of the same Town, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING AND LOWERING GEAR
TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH SHEER LEGS AND CRANES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lifting and lowering
gear to be used in connection with sheer legs and cranes.

page_text: The lifting and lowering gear now commonly used in connection
with sheer legs and cranes for very heavy weights, consists of multiple
blocks with a great length of chain passing around the numerous
sheaves. Now the failure of any one link in this long length of chain
would often cause a most serious catastrophe. Thus gear of this
description is dangerous, especially when applied to the masses with
which it has now become necessary to deal.
According to my Invention I substitute for this tackle an hydraulic
cylinder hung upon gimbals at the head of the sheer legs or crane.
The cylinder is provided with trunnions, which take their bearings upon
a ring. The ring is itself provided with trunnions, which are received
into fixed bearings on the head of the sheer legs or crane, the trunnions
of the ring being at right angles to those of the cylinder the cylinder is
able to swing freely. The cylinder contains either a piston or a ram,
and a rod passes down from the under side of the piston or ram through
a stuffing box, and is attached to the load. Water under heavy pressure
is admitted under the piston or ram through a flexible copper pipe, or
by other convenient means. The length of the cylinder is such that
the piston or ram may be able to traverse a distance sufficient to raise
or lower the load through the space required.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING THE POWER OF THE ROWER IN ROWING BOATS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Weller Butt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th June 1875.
I, GEORGE WELLER BUTT, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING THE POWER OF THE ROWER
IN ROWING BOATS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to supply means whereby the power of
the legs of persons propelling boats by rowing may be applied in aid of
that of the arms to a greater extent than hitherto, and the excessive
strain of the body when rowing very much relieved.
My Invention consists mainly in causing the seat upon which the
rower is supported to slide, and in attaching the rowlock thereto so as to
cause it to receive a similar motion. To the front of the sliding seat I
attach a rod or link hinged at the other end to a lever, upon the opposite
end of which the rowlock is supported. This lever moves upon a
fulcrum conveniently placed for the purpose, so that when at the
commencement of the stroke the seat is caused to slide by the action of

page_text: the rower the rod or link moves the lever forwards, thus causing the
arm to which the rowlock is attached to move in the reverse direction.
By this means the length of the stroke will be greatly increased without
any increased reach of the arms, and the power of the legs will be
applied in an increased degree. Or I fix the seat and cause the stretcher
upon which the feet of the rower rest and exert their pressure to slide,
attaching the rowlock to the sliding stretcher.
The form of sliding seat I prefer to use is provided with a back to
support the rower, and slides upon wheels formed with a deep groove
running upon rails placed fore and aft of the boat. In order to keep :
these wheels well upon the rails just mentioned, I place underneath the
rails another set of wheels which are axled in the same frame of the
sliding seat in which the grooved wheels are; thus any tendency of
the grooved wheels to jump from the rails in consequence of any motion
of the rower or the boat is counteracted, the set of wheels beneath the
rails tying as it were the grooved wheels down upon the latter.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PENCIL OR INSTRUMENT FOR WRITING, DRAWING, AND MARKING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Flachfeld at the Office
of 'the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1875.-A communication from abroad by Mayer
Hollerbusch, of Fürth, in the Kingdom of Bavaria.
I, JULIUS FLACHFELD, of Basinghall Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED PENCIL OR INSTRUMENT FOR WRITING, DRAWING, AND MARKING,"
communicated to me from abroad by Mayer Hollerbusch, of Fürth, in
the Kingdom of Bavaria, to be as follows:
The object of this Invention is the construction of a pencil or instru-
ment for writing, drawing, and making, which shall give permanent or
indelible results, and can be used for making several copies or
facsimiles on paper simultaneously even without intervening carbonic
sheets. For this purpose the following ingredients are used and mixed
together-Wax, aniline, clay (or argillaceous earth), and white of egg

page_text: (or albumen); other colouring matter may be used. The ingredients
are preferably made up into the form of a slender rod or bar, i.e., in the
form of the ordinary "lead" of lead pencils, and smoothed or polished
if desired, and then encased in cedar or other wood; or they may
be used in other forms or other holders.
°
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSION OF SCREW STEAM SHIPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wilcke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
January 1875.
•
I, HENRY WILCKE, of 3, Crown Villas, Greengate Street, Plaistow, in
the County of Essex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSION OF SCREW STEAM SHIPS," to
be as follows :—
It is a well known fact that the efficiency and durability of a screw
propeller and of the steam engines for working the same depend to a
great extent upon the depth of the propeller in the water.
.
For the purpose of using when the ship or vessel is in deep water a
screw propeller the blades of which when at work may reach below the
keel or bottom of the ship, and for the purpose of being able also to
propel the ship when in shallow water, where the first named or deep
propeller could not operate, I propose in addition to, the deep propeller
to employ one or more other screw propellers placed at a less depth in
the water, or so that the blades of. the deep and additional or shallow
propellers respectively may extend or reach to different depths in the
-

page_text: water. The deep or main propeller is placed with its centre close down
above or near to the keel or bottom of the ship, so that its blades when
at work reach below the bottom.
In deep water all the propellers may be used at the same time, or the
deep one only if desired, while in shallow water the deep propeller is
intended to be rendered inactive, being prevented from revolving by
being held-in such a position that its blades, when two in number, stand
athwartship, and the ship is then propelled by the additional or shallow
propeller or propellers.
'
.any con-
The arrangement or combination I prefer is to use two propellers only,
and these to be situate at the stern, one over the other, but the several
propellers may be situate either at the stern or stem or in a
venient part of the ship. The shallow propellers may be worked by
independent steam engines, or be driven by gearing from the main shaft
of the deep propeller.
If when the vessel is in deep water it be desired to work the deep
propeller only, the shallow propellers (one or more) may then be lifted
out of the water, or if only one two-bladed shallow propeller be employed
it may be placed in the up and down position behind the stern post, so
that plates or flaps which hang on the top of the stern frame may be :
lowered, and in this manner the shallow propeller be closed in so as not
to retard the motion of the ship.
:
Propellers with more than two blades may be employed if desired.
Also if desired more than one deep propeller may be employed.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fellows at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1875.
I, CHARLES FELLOWS, of Lime Street Chambers, in the City of
London, Colonial Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER
DOCUMENTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain copies of letters and other
documents on strong paper or ordinary letter paper, in contradistinction
to the transfers upon tissue paper (in copying letter books), which copies
are of no other avail than for reference.
Hitherto when letters or other documents were required, say in
duplicate, it has been found necessary to call in the services of a copying
clerk, and in government departments and in large commercial and
legal establishments, the cost of copying is very considerable. To avoid
this expense I use the ordinary copying press, and modify the mode of
copying to the following extent. The letter or other document to be
copied is written in ordinary copying ink, and is then submitted to the

page_text: press, damped tissue paper being laid over the written surface or surfaces
of the document. Pressure is then applied in the ordinary manner,
and a set off is obtained on the damped tissue paper. This set off
impression is now to be employed as a printing surface, and upon it is
laid damped paper which has been but lightly sized, or if sized like
ordinary writing paper, it must before using have been damped some
twenty-four hours. Pressure is then applied, and a clear legible copy is
produced on the writing paper. The same process may be repeated, the
pressure being sustained a longer time, and a second copy will be
thereby obtained.
"
م .
By a further repetition of the pressure a much paler print will be
obtained, but from average writing two good clear copies may be always
secured.
In preparing the tissue paper to receive the impress, it is preferred to
damp a sheet in the ordinary manner, and then to overlay this damp
sheet with a dry one, taking care that no wrinkles are produced. This
double thickness of tissue paper provides a good absorbent pad for the
set off, and it will gradually yield up the ink which it has received by
subjecting it to pressure in contact with the prepared letter paper.
ROVEMENTS IN DRAWING RETORTS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1875.
I, JAMES STEEL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING RETORTS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to improvements in withdrawing the
charge out of the retorts used in the manufacture of illuminating gas
and for other purposes wherein coal, wood, or other similar substances
are submitted to carbonization or distillation, and in the machinery or
apparatus employed therefor, consists under one modification of a tube
or hollow rake, to one end of which a flexible pipe communicating with
a steam boiler is secured. The opposite end of the tube or rake is bent
downwards and formed with one or more holes or openings made parallel
with or at an angle to the length of the tube.
When it is desired to withdraw the charge from the retort the bent
end of the tube or rake is pushed thereinto through the retort mouth.

page_text: - A-cock or valve is then opened so as to admit steam from the boiler to
the tube or rake, which steam on issuing through the holes or openings
in the bent portion of the tube blows or forces the charge of material
out of the retort through the open mouth thereof.
A shield is or may be fitted to the front of the retort to protect the 5
operator and to guide the discharged materials into the hutch or wagon
placed to receive them, and a carriage may also be provided if desired
on which to support the tube and its connexions, which are capable of
being raised and lowered to the level of any retort in a bench.
The boiler in which the steam employed in the apparatus is generated 10
may either be a fixed boiler, in which case it may conveniently derive
its heat from the heated waste products of combustion passing through
the flues of the retort setting, or it may be a movable boiler, and
mounted on a carriage or truck.
Under another modification of this Invention the tube or hollow rake 1
is dispensed with and the flexible pipe is provided with a cock or valve,
and with a nozzle, through which the steam passes into the retort to
blow or force out the charge therefrom.
In accordance with this arrangement an opening is made in the rear
end of the retort to receive the nozzle, which opening when the retort 20
is in operation is closed by a stopper or plug, which may be luted with
clay or other material to prevent escape of gas.
•
When the charge is to be withdrawn the stopper or plug is removed
and the nozzle inserted; the door at the retort mouth is then opened,
and steam being conducted through the nozzle the charge is forced out 25
through the retort mouth. A fixed or movable boiler may also be used
with this form of the apparatus.
In lieu of employing steam in connexion with either of the forms of
apparatus herein-before described compressed air may be used.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYLESS WATCHES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Müller at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1875.-A communication from abroad by Proellochs
Freres, Schaffhouse, in the Republic of Switzerland.
I, FERDINAND MÜLLER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYLESS WATCHES," to be as follows:-
In my improved watch the train is shorter than is customary, the
centre wheel being dispensed with, and the calibre of the going barrel
being considerably larger than usual, and the placing of the other
wheels is altered, and thus the motive-power of the mainspring is
brought into more direct action with the escapement. The said main
spring is superior in its action to others in general use, inasmuch as it is
made very long and thin.
1
In my improved watch the push pin is within the cover of the case,
and so is not liable to be acted upon accidenttally whilst in the pocket,
and the arrangement for moving the hands is simpler than customary,
inasmuch as I dispense with one of the steel wheels under the bridge

page_text: generally employed, using instead of the two wheels now customary one
large one; which when acted upon by the push pin wheel is caused to
work in direct action with the dial wheels, and so the movement of the
hands is effected in an easier manner.
The transmission wheel is in direct action with the train and motion
wheels, and thus it is impossible for the hands to remain motionless
whilst the watch is going.
In the "stopping" upon the barrel according to my Invention the
stop wheel has a greater number of teeth, and the finger is much
smaller than usual, and there being no large centre wheel in my improved 1
movement there is consequently no centre pin as is necessarily the case
in other movements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1875.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, .
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLANING MACHINES," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to planing machines in which two horizontal
tables are employed, and in which the under table has a to-and-fro
motion given to it, whilst the upper table not only partakes of the
to-and-fro motion of the under table, but is also free to be moved on a
vertical axis.
.
The object is to truly plane radius links and liked curved surfaces.
The Invention consists in giving the axial motion to the said upper
tablo by gearing or mechanism acting at or near to one or both the ends
of the table. A toothed segmental rack and worm answers well.

page_text: Change wheels or other means for decreasing or increasing the speed
may be used. The greater the speed of the axial motion in proportion
to the to-and-fro motion, the smaller is the radius of the curve planed.
It will be obvious that the above described Invention may be easily
applied and adapted to planing machines already in existance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Chivas Adam at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th April 1875.
I, ALEXANDER CHIVAS ADAM, of the Firm Adam Brothers and
Company, of King Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the County of
Northumberland, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVING," to be as follows:-
--
The object of this Invention is paving streets, roads, and ways, by
perforating or otherwise preparing the surface, such as asphalte, for the
reception of coarse gravel or other body capable of affording a good grip
for horses' feet.
In carrying my Invention into practice I first lay a roadway, say,
with asphalte, and I then perforate it or make holes wholly or only
partially through the same, the holes are then filled in with stones of

page_text: suitable sizes, such sizes corresponding more or less with the holes,
which they have to fit so as not to destroy the level of the untouched
part or parts of the surface.
I have more particularly referred to stones being arranged in the
holes, but wood or other body can be inserted as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS TO BE EMPLOYED EITHER FOR AMUSEMENT OR FOR USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1875.
I, ALBERT WILLIAMS, of Church Street, Kensington, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS TO BE EMPLOYED EITHER FOR
AMUSEMENT OR FOR USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for, its object improvements in optical instruments
to be employed either for amusement, or for obtaining designs, or for
other useful purposes. For this purpose I employ a case in which three
or other number of reflectors are arranged longitudinally in a somewhat
similar manner to those employed in a kaleidoscope, but instead of
fixing the "objects" rigidly to the case, and causing the objects and
case to revolve together, I form a rotating holder at the end of the
reflectors and place the "objects" in such holder. The holder is caused
to rotate by means of a handle placed at the side of the case, and giving
motion thereto by suitable gearing whilst the case containing the
reflectors is held stationary.
-
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: C
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Woodward, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1875.
I, ADAM WOODWARD, junior, of Queen's Foundry, Ancoats, in the
City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
FOR STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to actuate the cut off or expansion
valves of steam engines, so that the steam ports may remain wide open
to the full boiler pressure while steam is being admitted to the cylinder,
and then suddenly closed, thereby obviating what is commonly termed
'wire-drawing of the steam;" and my Invention consists in accom-
plishing this object by actuating cut-off valves by a small cylinder and
piston, to which small cylinder the steam or other motive fluid is
admitted by a small slide valve actuated by a small excentric upon or in
connection with the crank shaft of the engine, such excentric being
arranged in connection with a governor in any well known manner to

page_text: vary the lead, and thus the time of actuating the cut-off valve, according
to the speed of the engine. The cut-off valve is placed to work across
the ordinary primary slide valve, which is actuated by an excentric in
the ordinary manner. The small piston may act upon the cut-off valve
directly or through levers, as found most convenient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEER ENGINES OR PUMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Booth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1875.
I, FREDERICK BOOTH, of Farnworth, near Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEER ENGINES OR PUMPS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify the construction of beer
engines or pumps for raising malt and other liquors from a lower level,
and to dispense with the necessity of such liquor entering the pump
barrel and coming in contact with the leather of the bucket whilst being
drawn off.
Now this Invention consists in dispensing with the valves in the pump
barrel and bucket, and making such bucket entire, and in arranging a
pump barrel in connection with a pipe from which one of several
branches lead to the various vessels containing the liquid requiring to be
lifted; and between each of such branches and the vessels containing the
liquids I arrange a suitably shaped vessel, tinned inside, and fitted with
an inlet valve at its lowest extremity. Between this vessel and the

page_text: pump a communication can be opened or closed by means of a stop-cock.
This vessel receives the liquid to be drawn off and holds it stored up
therein until the return stroke of the piston or plunger of the pump,
when an outlet valve fitted near the lower extremity of such vessel opens
and allows the liquid to escape through a suitable elbow or swan neck
into the jug or other vessel held to receive it. It will thus be apparent
that a single lever and pump may be utilized for drawing any number of
different kinds of liquor, as such liquor never enters the pump barrel,
and therefore has no tendency to mix in any degree with the liquor
previously drawn off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT CAKE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Norman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1875.
I, THOMAS NORMAN, of Runcorn, in the County of Chester,
Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES TO BE USED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT CAKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of chlorides to be used in
the direct-action process for the manufacture of sulphates of soda and
potassa. The object is to dry the chlorides and form them into suitable
sized pieces for filling into the converting chambers.
For the above purposes I employ an endless travelling chain or belt
on to which the chlorides are fed by hand or from a hopper, the said
chlorides are then carried under a levelling roller or smoothing piece to
reduce the layer on the band to an uniform thickness. After the chlorides
have been so treated they are passed under a vibrating or revolving
cutter and divided into pieces of suitable size, which are further carried
along through an oven to be baked or hardened, and finally delivered at

page_text: the further end of such oven in a condition fit for filling into the
converting chambers.
Under another modification I form or provide the endless band with
a series of moulds into which the salt is filled, and employ a vibrating
presser piece instead of the cutter above mentioned. In this modification 5
the salt is delivered at the further end of the oven in ball or other
convenient form.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION WITH FLUES FOR DOMESTIC AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Lowder at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1875.
I, WILLIAM HENRY LOWDER, Incumbent of Saint George's Church,
Hyde, in the County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION WITH
FLUES FOR DOMESTIC AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS," to be as follows :-
This Invention consists of an apparatus wrought in sheet iron to be
fixed immediately above the gathering in of the flue over the fire-grate,
consisting of a smoke door after the manner of doors common to
registered grates with which is connected a narrowed flue of sufficient
height to enable the said door to open, the said flue being fixed upon a
tray of wrought sheet iron gathered in to the size of the said narrowed
flue, an air chamber occupying the whole size of the chimney flue which
shall be of sufficient height to enable the heated air from the fire-grate
to circulate and create a sufficient draught. I provide a gathering in of
the said chamber to form an upper narrowed flue, which shall be
sufficient to receive a tapering shaft in the form of a flue to be pierced
with holes to allow of the escape of smoke and to be furnished with a

page_text: the said shaft to a sufficient
shall be a protection against
small dome which shall be raised above
height for the easy escape of smoke, and
the down draught of smoke from wind or other cause. I provide also
a sloping tray of wrought iron to fit in the chimney flue and upon the
upper narrowed fluc to prevent the accumulation of soot against the
sides of the said chamber for heated air, and to enable the chimney to
be swept without difficulty. I also provide for the removal of the shaft
by means of a handle fixed to the same by which it can be drawn down
from time to time and wholly removed from the apparatus to admit of
sweeping the chimney flue when found requisite and to be replaced
without difficulty.
The advantages of this apparatus consist in a means for increasing the
up draught from the fire, of causing more perfect combustion of smoke,
of protection against the down draught from wind or other cause, and
of entirely dispensing with all chimney pots, cowls, or other unsightly
additions to the external portions of any building, and also absolutely
preventing the possibility of the chimney catching fire by the ignition
of the soot. That in addition to these advantages my apparatus is very
cheap, incapable of being thrown out of order, and capable of being
fixed by almost the most inexperienced workman, and in cases where a
grate is not obliged to be taken out in a very short time, causing no
removal of bricks, disturbance to the room, or other inconvenience. It
is also of small size being generally 12" × 9th in its greatest circumference
and under 3 ft in height.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Alfred Blake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th July 1875.
I, WALTER ALFRED BLAKE, Sewing and Washing Machine Manu-
facturer, of 208, Grange Road, Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
:-
The washing machines to which this improvement is applicable are
those consisting partly of rollers rubbing together for the purpose of
washing textile fabrics by friction, the clothes or other fabric being
passed and repassed between two series of rollers. These rollers in all
other washing machines have hitherto consisted of rollers fluted or
reeded from end to end in a perfectly parallel line, or the said rollers in
other cases have round rings or beads merely turned round or upon their
circumference. These various comparatively smooth rollers having very
little rubbing power or friction.
This Invention consists of a series of rollers fluted or reeded in a spiral

page_text: •
roller and passing half way round the roller to the other end, each flute
or reed being similar in width to the knuckles. of a person's hand.
These rollers, which consist of one larger roller and one or more smaller
ones, are fixed in a wooden frame, and the large roller may be fixed at
the top of frame or bottom as convenient, the smaller rollers being either
above or below the larger roller as the case may require, and the spiral
or twisted reed on larger roller may be either from right to left or left
to right, the smaller rollers being made with the reed or flute twisted in
the exactly opposite direction to the reed or flute upon larger roller.
The said rollers being fixed in the said frame, each roller running
independently upon metal spindles, the clothes or other fabrics to be
washed are passed between them, the large roller being operated by a
crank and having a tendency to draw the fabric one way, and the smaller
rollers a tendency to draw the fabric the opposite way. The rubbing
contention caused by these means gives the machine an unequalled
washing power not to be found in any existing machine. The said
rollers may be made of wood, porcelain, or any other suitable material.
1.
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