IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF OBTAINING PRINTING SURFACES FOR READING MATTFR AND THE MACHINERY THEREFOR
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Pingle Drummond, of the City of Ottawa, in the
County of Carleton, in the Province of Ontario, and Dominion of Canada,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF OBTAINING PRINTING
SURFACES FOR READING MATTFR AND THE MACHINERY THEREFOR
"
Sealed the 31d July 1877, and dated the 25th January 1877
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Pringle Drummond
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1877
GEORGE PRINGLE DRUMMOND, of the City of Ottawa, in the County of Carleton,
in the Province of Ontario, and Dominion of Canada "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
ART OF OBTAINING PRINTING SURFACES FOR READING MATTER AND THE
MACHINERY THEREFOR"
The object of my Invention is to set the various sizes of letter-press and also dis-
played and fancy printing or reading matter of any printed kind in large or small
lottering, complete and "justified," without the aid of fonts of type or type-setting,
and in a more rapid way than now accomplished by those means, to prepare metal
or other sui faces or lithographic stones for the printing piess, from which surfaces
newspapers (letter-press or advertisement), book, or other reading matter may be
printed
In general terms the main features of this Invention consist of making use of
fingering keys and suitable machines to compose and print the subject matter upon,
or attach it to an elastic band or surface in a continuing line of leading matter
which is subsequently transferred and produced in a printing surface by means of
photography, electro-metalurgy, or acid, the elastic nature of the band being
at the same time, that is during the transfer, applied to the "justification" (ac-
cording to printers' conventionalism) of the reading matter within any width of
column
To be more particular, the manner of composing and producing the subject
matter upon the elastic band, which is preferably of white or whitened india-rubber,
is accomplished either, firstly, by printing it duectly upon the band by the
machinery hereinafter described, 01, secondly, by attaching the subject matter to

page_text: the elastic band by means of fingering keys and a suitable machine hereinafter
described which cuts the letters from reels of ribboned paper and attaches them to
the band This band as it issues from either of these composing machines (having
upon it the subject matter) is passed through the photographic machinery herein-
after described, and is there photographed line by line or lines in succession on the
sensitized surface in the camera by incans of an opening, repeating, and self-
adjusting exposure slide The photographed plate or surface thus produced is then
transferred to metal or other painting surfaces, or lithographic stones, by any known
process of photo-mechanical printing, or the subject matter on the elastic band is
transferred direct to the printing surface by pressing or rolling it in a suitable
machine to the surface of copper or other metal, or to lithographic stones, line by
line or lines in succession, the relief surface for printing from being produced upon
the metal by either biting in oi reducing the untouched portions by acid, or by
means of an electrotypers' battery, reducing the untouched surface or building it
up The elastic nature of the band permits of the reading matter thereon being
"Justified" by straining on stretching to any desirable lengths of lines prior to its
transfer to any of the afore-mentioned surfaces
In the direct transfer from the elastic band to metal or stone the type or letters
of the composing machine require to be the same size as those to be produced upon
the punting surface, but in the photographic transfer any size of letters may be
produced in the following manner, either uniform as a whole, or in a mingled variety
of sizes
-
The camera moves on a suitable way or track forward to, or backward from, the
reading matter on the elastic band, the coricet focus through the lens being quickly
obtained each time by a recorded scale as follows -At one end of this way or track
is secured the adjusting head-block fiame, and through this the elastic band having
upon it the subject matter is passed This adjusting lead-block fiame turns upon
a vertical axis of centic, and is also so aanged that that portion of it through
which the clustic band passes, and with it the elastic band, tuins upon a horizontal
axis oi centic, thus enabling the operator to turn the subject matter at any angle or
combination of angles to the camera Now, it is clear that when small letters are
required the camera is simply moved backwards, and as large letters are wanted it
18 moved forwards On the front of the camera is a pointer, and on the side of the
way on track is a scale marked with the various sizes of type, as diamond, pearl,
nonpareil, minion, bievier, and so on On the focusing draught of the camera is
also a similarly designated scale of sizes, so that the operator can readily focus and
photograph any desired size of letters with rapidity
The opening exposure slide for exposing a narrow and suitable portion of the
sensitized plate to the line of subject matter on the elastic band is of simple and
peculiar construction, it is worked by a lever having a fixed fulcrum or centre at
the farthest end of the way or tick from the elastic band It is clear, therefore,
This lever then when
that the swing of the lever is greatest near the elastic band
raised makes a greater opening exposure as the camera is moved forward towards
the subject matter, and this swing of the lever is so guaged that, for instance, with
the camera pointers standing at "bourgeois on the track scales, the raising of this
lever makes a suitable width of opening in front of the sensitized plate, that is, a
bourgeois" opening
46
"
The sensitized plate is worked by a feeding function can or knee joint, and a check
friction cam or knee joint, both bearing upon a smooth bar attached to the sensitized
plate, which combination carries the plate upwards at each exposure opening, but
prevents it returning when the exposure slide is closed. There is also a pair of
similar friction cams or knee Joints upon each side of the adjusting-head-block
frame bearing upon the clastic band, and on the head block is also a combination
scale denoting the width of column and size of type required, with guaging shields
for cutting off from exposure to the camera such portions of the line not within the
column Now, suppose the operator wishes to print the page of a book or column
of a newspaper in "diamond" lettering or type, he sets the gauge to suit the

page_text: length of the line on the adjusting head-block frame
"
Ile then adjusts the focus of
the camera by placing the forward pointer or stop against "diamond on the scale
of the way or track, and the back pointer or stop against "diamond" or its repre-
sentative number, letter, or mark (These may be used as substitutes in place of the
actual names of different sizes of type on the focusing track) He now "justifies
his lines where he finds it necessary To do so he allows the elastic band to run
through the head block until the beginning of the reading matter reaches the off
gauge point or scale. The off knee joint of friction cam now holds the off end of
the elastic band, while he draws back on it until he brings the reading matter to
any desued or conventional break or line ending at the near gauge point
(In all
ordinary justification of lines a very slight strained movemont of the elastic band
will be sufficient) The justification of his line being now completo he raises the
exposure level, this raises the exposure slide, and an exposure opening will be made
to a width coresponding with "diamond" lines The line is then photographed
as explained before, the exposure slide drops and closes the exposure opening,
when the lever is dropped, but the sensitized plate remains stationary, being held
by the check friction knee joint Thus the first line 18 photographed Then to
commence operations for the next -The operator raises the near knee joint on the
adjusting head-block fiame and allows the feed rolleis to carry the band for waid
until he brings his last photographed line ending just past the off gauge point He
then justifies the subject matter as before by drawing backwards, raises the lever
and photographs the second line, and so repeats and proceeds until he has filled up
his plate or completed his page, which he has now in uniform "diamond" print
"
In the same manner to obtain "pica," for instance, he moves the camera forward
until the pointer reaches "pica" on the scale, and he moves the bellows (sensitized
plate slide) back till its pointer reaches "pica on the focusing scale, he then
widens the scale on the adjusting head-block fiame to "pica," starts his subject
leading matter (the elastic band), and proceeds as before, until the sensitized plate
is completed with pica sized reading matter
It has been obsei ved that as the camera is moved forward, the scope or swing of
the raising level is increased Therefore with the pointers at "pica" on the camera
tracks, the lever gives a "pica" exposure opening upon the sensitized plate, while
with the pointers at "diamond," or nearer the fulcium of the lever a "diamond,
and of course narrower exposure opening is made In this manner any other sizes
are obtained, the adjustment being readily and rapidly secured
It will of course be readily understood, that to mingle a number of different sizes
of letters in lines on the same plate, is simply done by moving the camera backward
from or forward to the subject matter on the elastic band, this gives a style
suitable for advertisements, displayed matter, headings, etc Some of the subject
matter for this style may be in capitals, and some in ordinary lettering, and this in
a mixture of sizes gives a further diversity of appearance usual in advertisements
Letters may even be obtained by this process almost microscopic, but at any rate
smaller than from ordinary type
The subject matter which is printed upon the elastic band is of one description of
type Ordinary "great primer" may be conventionally used, but no limit is placed
upon the size
Whatever size is used however in the composing machines, that size
must form a basis or standard size from which to inark all the scales of sizes on the
photographing machinery Of course other sizes of subject matter may be easily
interloped with additional suitable scales added to the machine, or the operator
may acquire sufficient skill by practice to interlope or mingle various sizes in the
object reading inatter without reference to the permanent scales of the machine
Except however for a certain class of lettering little used, the scope of the machine,
with its various shaping and increasing and diminishing contrivances, will afford a
variety of style and size sufficient for all ordinary printing.
The manner in which all ordinary plain matter (lettering), large and small, is
obtained having been described, the following are various contrivances for producing
fancy and other varieties of lettering.-Above the shaping and adjusting head-

page_text: block frame a frame or box is placed, which contains a great variety of screens, or-
namental designs, and figures, bieaks, bais, and capital letter, and other ornaments,
and other fancy material in white, black, or transparent linings These are placed
so that they can be readily dropped over the subject matter on the clastic band
during process of photographing, and incorporated therewith on the sensitized
plate either in connection or between the lines. And a further diversity of lettering
is produced upon the sensitized plate by the following devices and movements of the
adjusting head-block fianie
the
The frame may be moved on a vertical axis at any angle to the camera,
effect produced by this upon the letterng, when transferred to the sensitized plate, 1
will be somewhat vaned by different lenses, but the general result will be to
shoiten the line and make the lettering appear elongated vertically, also slightly
diminished towards the farthest end The moveable centre blocks of the head-
block frame, through which the elastic band passes, may be moved at any angle to
the camera on a houzontal axis, the effect produced by moving these, so as to bing
the band (subject matter) at an angle to the camera, is to produce the appearance
of stunted letters on the sensitized plate, or in other words, letters elongated
horizontally, these letters would show all their vertical lines thick, and then
horizontal lines thin, moved on a vertical axis, descubed immediately pieceding,
the vertical lines would be thin, and the horizontal lines thick, or the opposite
By a short, sharp, quick, reciprocating movement of the frame, letters are
produced upon the sensitized plate having the appearance of shaded letters, that is,
two impressions are taken and produced in close proximity In the same manner,
by a shorter reciprocating movement, letters are taken or produced which have
broader proportions than those of the elastic band
By turning the horizontal axis at one end, while the other remains stationary, or
in other words, twisting the clastic band, the lettering produced upon the sensitized
plate will diminish from laige at one end of the line to sinall at the other, and vice
versa if the positions are reversed This operation, as may be seen, throws one end
of the subject matter (the elastic band) at any angle (obtuse or acute) to the
camera, while the other end retams a full fiont By turning the centies in opposite
duections, the lettering will be produced luge in centre of line, and tapering to both
ends
The impression on the sensitized plate may be further contorted by curving the
subject matter (the elastic band) upwards or downwards, or by bulging it to or
from the camera, the results of which will be readily understood
Italicising letters may be effected by turning the subject matter at an angle to
the camera, said angle being produced by a combination of the frame moved to
angles on a vertical and horizontal axis respectively
Wie or glass screens oi oinainents painted white show conesponding white scorings
oi lines over the lettering, painted black, they duplicate themselves upon the lettering
It is evident that the shaping of the lettering may not only be increased, but
figuings, ornamentations, screens, may be multiplied indefinitely, and line drawings,
woodcuts, etc, in unending variety, may be incorporated together, made and produced
by this process during the operation of photographing
It may be here stated that after leaving the composing machines, the elastic band
is run into slack, which is for the purpose of allowing the operator, who is justifying
As the band
on shaping and photographing the impression, fice scope in his work
18 photographed, it is returned to the composing machines between revolving brushes,
cleaned and made ready to receive further impressions
The composing and printing machine has fingering keys representing the letters of
the alphabet, punctuation points, figures, etc, and any required reading matter is
composed and printed duectly or indirectly on a moveable rubber or other elastic
sui face (preferably in the shape of an endless white or whitened india-iubbei
band) in the following manner -The machine is constructed so that type iods,
having type attached to them by spring joints, converge on radiate in the same plane
upon and stike a printing wheel having an inserted lead or soft metal 11m
A

page_text: number of the fingering keys may be struck at once, and a conesponding number
of type impressions made The type are caned forward between two guiding
clamps, which by reason of the spring joints of the type, bing these type at night
angles (radially) to the face of the printing wheel To accomodate one or more
type, or thick or thin type, one of these clamps has a moveable centie, and theso
clamps move apart exactly the width of such type or types as may be driven
between them There is a feeding friction cam bearing upon the printing wheel
which is somewhat similar to the feeding can in wheel feeds of sewing machines
This cam is attached to the afore-mentioned moveable clamp, and the punting
wheel is inoved by this means forward precisely the distance requied to receive
the impression of the type or types When these type are withdrawn, a check
fiction cam holds the printing wheel stationary The lead impression is then faced
and cleaned by reciprocating cutters, then inked by olleis, and punted on the
olastic band
After the impressed metal 11m on the wheel has delivered the impression on the
elastic band it passes a cup of molten lead or other suitable metal in use, which by
melting it obliterates the impression and the new rim is formed under a moulding
concentric groove
The molten metal (kept in this state by a gas jet) also supplies
any slight difficiency in material, caused by waste (oxidization or the action of the
planes) Thus the soft metal im is completed for a continuation of the impressions
of the type of the composing machine
The dovetail groove for the soft metal im is made in a casing or tire around the
transfering wheel The purpose of this is to allow facility in melting which would
be difficult were the groove in the large body of solid metal forming the wheel,
it also saves any undue expansion
It may here be observed that the clastic band may have the subject matter
pinted directly upon it by placing it around the transfering wheel in 100m of or
over the metal 11m, but it is difficult to ink the type properly and make good, clear
impressions on the band without seriously affecting the rapidity of the machine,
whereas while the ty po punchies may be operated at any specd obtainable under the
most practised operator, the impression is transfered to the elastic band by the
usual fum steady pressure essential to a good impression
The type heads of the machine embrace three sets of type, but may easily be
made to embrace more The central row is small letters, the lower low capitals,
and the upper low figures, punctuation points, abbreviations, etc
The figures may
bo used in combination either with the small letters or capitals, but owing to the
latter being on the same type head and of a similar thickness as its attendant small
letter, the capitals can only be used by themselves in capital letter printing To
substitute capitals therefore, which will be of appropiate sizes to the small letters
and may be used in conjunction, there is placed a vertical bar having on its edge
facing the transfering wheel a set of capital letters
•
On the keyboard of the machine there are two sets of vowels combined with the
following order of letters -A, E, I, O, U, M, N, R, S, T, H, D, L, F, B, C, G, Y,
|P, V, W, J, K, Q, X, Z, A, E, I, O, U This airangement is to enable the operator
to increase the rapidity of printing the subject matter upon the clastic band Thus,
if he finds the letters of any word he may be printing, or adjoining letters of any
portion of that word succeed one another on the keys from lus left hand towards
his right hand, he may strike as many letters of the word at one stroke as will
answer this, for instance, the letters "oith" in "worth" and "ind w" in
"windward" are examples of four letters and may all be struck at once, because
these letters succeed one another on the keys from the operator's left hand to his
right hand, "ins" and "ert" in "insert" are examples of three at a stroke,
two strokes being all that is necessary for six letters, "int," "ent," "10 n,"
nine letters is got by three strokes, and "un d," "erst," "an d,' ten letters by
three strokes, also "op, en, in g," shews an example of two at a stroke These
few examples will shew that by this anangement of the letters upon the keys,
together with the increasing contrivances of the machine, the composing ability of

page_text: the operator is at any rate doubled, and probably more so as there are few words
in the language which cannot thus be divided up more or less
Although an elastic band is more particularly referred to in the Specification, the
Invention applies to an unelastic band Printing has been done on unelastic bands
or surfaces before, but not in a connection such as here described, more particularly
in connection with "justification," by turning the subject reading matter at an
angle greater than a light angle or at a number of angles to the sight line of the
camera, so as to contract or elongate the reading matter upon the sensitized plate
The composing and attaching machine has fingering keys representing the letters
of the alphabet, punctuation points, figures, etc, and any required reading matter
is composed and attached to a moveable rubber or other elastic surface (preferably
in the shape of an endless india-rubber band) in the following manner -On the
machine aic a number of reels containing ribboned paper, each piece of which is
printed throughout its extent with some letter of the alphabet, and all in sufficient
number and variety to make up any reading matter which may be required Each
ribbon of paper is operated by its distinctive key, and as each and every letter of
any word is required the coriesponding keys depressed in rotation bring for waid
these letters under a pan of shears, which cuts them off and attaches them in an
The letters are
overlapping order by any adhesive substance to the elastic band
puuted upon the ribbons a short space apart, and when attached to the elastic
band the cut-off pieces overlap each other on this space only
The overlapping manner in which the letters are attached to the band readily
admits of stretching the band without exposing the open joints during the process
of photographing
To the composing and attaching machine there is a subsidiary press for printing
and punching the rolls of 1ibboned paper This press is composed of two cylinders,
one having the type and guiding punches A ioll of paper is placed upon a reel
facing these printing cylinders, and the end is passed between them and over a
receiving ieel, on to which the paper is wound by clockwork as it is printed
When a direct transfer is to be made from the elastic band to the pinting surface
the reading matter on the elastic band is "justified" in a similar manner and by
similar contrivances as in the photographic transfei
The reading matter is printed upon the band by the machines in either ordinary
ink, lithographic ink, waxey, on such variety of ink as may be suitable to the
surface to receive the transfer and the method by which it is to be done
The metal surface requies to be slightly heated Relief or depressed type may
be used in the composing machine If relief, the elastic band pressed to the
punting surface (to be) transfers the reading matter positively, if depressed, nega-
tively In other words, in the first case the reading matter is inked, in the eecond
In the first case, the
case the surface surrounding the icading matter is inked
prepared printing surface (to be) is placed (if of copper) in the sulphate of copper
vat, as an anode, and the untouched surface is reduced by deposit upon the
cathode attached to the opposite pole of the battery In the second case, the
required relief surface is obtained by making the plate, the cathode, and depositing
upon or building up the untouched portions, these untouched portions being of
course the leading matter
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Pringle Drummond in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th July 1877.
•
"
GEORGE PRINGLE DRUMMOND, of the City of Ottawa, in the County of Carleton, 50
in the Province of Ontario, and Dominion of Canada, Insuranco Agent IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE ART OF OBTAINING PRINTING SURFACES FOR READING MATTER AND
THE MACHINERY THEREFOR."

page_text: My Invention relates to a peculiar and novel manner of setting the various sizes
of letter-press and also displayed and fancy printing or reading matter of any
printed kind in large or small lettering, complete and "justified," without the aid
of fonts of type or type-setting, and in a more rapid way than now accomplished
by those means to prepare metal or other surfaces or lithographic stones for tho
printing piess, from which surfaces newspapers (letter-press or advertisement), book,
or other reading matter may be printed
In general terms the main features of this Invention consist of inaking use of
fingering keys and suitable machines to compose and punt the subject matter
upon, or attach it to an elastic band or surface in a continuing line of reading
matter, which is subsequently transfered and produced in a pinting surface by
means and machinery herein-after fully described, the elastic nature of the band
being at the same time, that is during the transfer, applied to the "justification,"
according to printers' conventionalisms, of the reading matter within any width of
column
The manner of composing and producing the subject matter upon the clastic
band, which is preferably of white or whitened india-rubber, is accomplished
either, firstly, by punting it directly upon the band by the machinery heiein-after
described, which cuts the letters from iecls of 1ibboned paper and attaches them to
the band, this band as it issues from either of these composing machines (baving
upon it tho subject matter) is either passed through the photographic machinery
herein-after described, and there photographed line by line on the sensitized
surface in the camera by incans of an opening, repeating, and self-adjusting exposure
slide, or transferred to the sensitized surface in a number of lines in succession,
the photographed plate or sui face thus produced being then transfeied to metal
or other painting surfaces or lithographic stones by any known process of photo-
mechanical printing, or the subject matter on the elastic band is transfered direct
to the printing surface by pressing or rolling it in a suitable machine to the
surface of copper or other metal, or to lithographic stones line by line or lines in
succession, the relief surface for printing from being produced upon the metal by
either biting-in or reducing the untouched portions by auid, or by means of an
electiotypers' battery reducing the untouched surface or building it up, or the
printing sui face is obtained by stereotyping it direct, as herein-after described.
The elastic nature of the band permits of the reading matter thereon being "justi-
fied" by straining or stretching to any desirable lengths of lines prior to its transfer
to any of the afore-mentioned surfaces
In all the direct transfers from the elastic band to metal or stone the type oi
letters of the composing machine require to be the same size as those to be produced
upon the punting surface, but in the photographic transfer any size of letters may
be produced, either uniform as a whole or in a mingled variety of sizes, by moving
the camera on a suitable way or track forward to or backward from the leading
matter on the elastic band, the correct focus through the lens being quickly obtained
each time by a recorded scale
As already stated there are two ways in which the subject matter may be
formed upon the elastic band, either by printing it directly thereon or by attaching
it thereto Each way requires its special machine with subsideary appliances, and
in proceeding with the discription of these machines I will first take up that for
composing and printing the subject matter direct upon the band. A brief
discription of this machine is as follows
-
The composing and printing machine has fingering keys representing the letters
of the alphabet, punctuation points, figures, etc., and any required reading matter is
composed and printed on the rubber or other elastic surface (preferably an endless
white or whitened india-rubber band) in the following manner -The machine is
constructed so that type rods having type attached to them by spring joints con-
verge or radiate in the same plane upon and strike a printing wheel having an
inserted lead or soft metal um A number of the fingering keys may be struck at
once and a corresponding number of type impressions made. When struck the

page_text: type are carried forward between two guiding clamps, which, by reason of the
spring joints of the type, bring these type at right angles (radially) to the face of
the printing wheel To accomodate one or more type one of theso clamps has a
moveable centre and moves apart from the other, exactly the width of such type
or types as may be driven between them There is a feeding friction cam bearing
upon printing wheel This cam is attached to the afore-mentioned moveable clamp,
and the printing wheel is moved by this means forward precisely the distance
required to receive the impression of the typo or types The lead impression 18
then faced and cleaned by cutters, then inked by rollers and printed off on the
elastic band After the impressed metal rim on the wheel has delivered the
impression on the elastic band it passes a cup of molten lead or other suitable
metal in use, which melting it obliterates the impression, and the new rimi is
formed under a moulding concentric groove Thus the soft metal rim 18 com-
pleted for a continuation of the impressions of the type of the composing machine
Figure 1 is a plane view of the composing and printing machine while at rest,
and shews the keys marked with the various letters of the alphabet, the vowels of
which it will be observed are duplicated and placed together in two sets, one set at
either end of the keyboard a, a, a, ale type rods connected with the keys c, c, c
To these type rods are attached the type b, b, b, by spring joints at d, and it will
be observed that all these type and their connecting rods converge upon a centre
at e Any type which has been diven forward to this centre by depressing its
key is here caught by the united notion of the nipper clamps f and the guiding
clamps g, g, and as may be seen in Figure 3 is further driven forward, and its
form is impressed upon a leaden or soft metal 11m h secured to the transferring
wheel Guiding clamp g¹ has a fixed centre pin, but guiding clamp g at its 5
centre is attached to the moveable arın 2 centred at 39 By a spring 41 the
level o is held against the fiction roller nattached to the num 2 and guiding
clamp This lever has the knee joint (friction cam) l, and works upon the
central shaft of the transferring wheel i When one, two, three, or more type are
diven between the guiding clamps, guiding clump ŋ² gives way in the direction of
the arrow, and acting upon the lever o and knee joint by their aid moves the
transfering wheel forward the exact distance required to receive the impression
(as seen in Figure 3) t, t, aie cutters or planes for smoothing or leveling the
impression, and are stationary, but may be worked by a short reciprocating inotion,
8, 8, 8, are inking rollers for inking the impression, p is the printing cylinder or
wheel, and wis the elastic band Revolving cleaning brushes may be used to
remove the printing (dead ratter) from the band for a continuation of the printing.
8 is a cup of molten lead heated by a gas jet, and 7 is a concentric moulding
fuim for remoulding the soft metal rim h, m is a check fiction cam or knee joint
to prevent any return movement of the transfering wheel
Figure 3 shews the type heads b, b, b, three are shown in this instance, which
havo been moved for ward by the keys, and owing to the phability of the spring
Joints & brought at right angles (radially) to the transfering wheel & under the
united action of the nipper clamps f, f, and the guiding clamps g' and g³
Figure 2 is an elevation shewing a side view of the mpper clamps and ƒ³,
and one of the type heads b, and the connecting mechanisin with the keys c, c,
15 is the knee, 33 the key stop, 30 is a spring draw connecting the key with the
type rod a, and to maintain a paralel movement drawing across the guide 29, and
enables the key kuces to move in a different plane from that which they drive the
type iods in, 27 is a depressing bar or buffer rod, and u the buffer depending
therefrom, and continually vibrating under the action of the revolving crank V, 22
is a buffer sciew and pinching nut, while 2+ is a loose adjusting portion, being the
actual buffer, accomodating itself to the action of the keys at whatever moment
they are struck, 19 and 20 are fixed rollers, and 18 is a hooked drop to catch the
mapper clamps ƒ immediately on their being driven forward so as to prevent
any duplication of stroke, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, are portions of the case and its fiame,
7 is the floor of the machine; i, the transferring wheel, n, the soft metalim, r, the

page_text: Thus
ire casing, and 14, a concentric ring and groove, x is the wheel table
Figure shews how by depressing a key, the type 1od a, and its connected type hend
b, are moved forward a certain distance to be, and how when at this position the
key level 15 comes in connection with, or down upon the buffer lever 10d 27 (under-
lying all the keys, see Figure 1), and depresses it, and how this action brings the
buffer attached to the rapidly evolving crank v to strike upon the buffer end 48
of the nipper clamps f, f, diving them forward As may be understood these
nipper clamps close in upon the projected type head and dive it forward, their
connection with the guiding clamps (afore-described in Figures 1 and 2), it will be
eadily perceived, is for the purpose of steady ing the type head b, and making the
necessary heavy impression The transfering wheel (section) is moveable up or
down under the action of the lever 13, connected with a teadle so as to receive
impressions from either of the three (or theic may be more) sets of type on the end
of the type heads b, b One is set of the ordinary small letters, the second set
are capital letters, and the third set figures, punctuation points, and other signs
I will proceed with a description of operation of this printing machine and its
various contrivances, and will commence with the operation of the fingering keys
It will be observed that as before stated there are two sets of the vowels, one at
either end of the keyboard, these are thus placed to enable the operator to increase
the rapidity of printing the subject matter upon the elastic band, thus, if he finds
the letters of any word he may be punting, or adjoining letters of any portion of
that word succeed one another on the keys from his left hand towards his night
hand, he may strike as many letters of the word at one stroke as will answer this
in "windward," alə
For instance, the letters "onth" in "worth,' or "ind w
examples of four letters, and may all be struck at once, because these letters suc-
ceed one another on the keys from the operators left hand to his night hand,
"ins," and "er t,' in "inseit,' are examples of thice at a stroke, two strokes being
all that is necessary for six letters, "intention," mine letters, is got by
three strokes, and "und-eist-and," ten letters, by three strokes, also
"op-en-ing," shews an example of two at a stroke
"
These few examples will shew that by this arrangement of the letters upon the
keys, together with the increasing contrivances of the machine, the composing
ability of the operator is at any ate doubled, and probably more so, as there are
I may
few words in the language which cannot be thus divided up more or loss
note here that by making the machine to move the transferring wheel in the oppo-
site direction the operator may select his succeeding letters from his night hand to
his left, but I have adopted left to right as the natural and conventional order ot
leading mattei The fist now of keys is made lower than the back now to prevent
contact when any of the back row are depressed To obtain an impression of any
letter upon the tiansfelling wheol 2, 1 depress the key marked with that letter, and
this brings the type rod and its connected type head forward to position b (Figure 2).
Having accomplished this the base of the key level 15 now comes down upon the
buffer rod 27, underlying all the keys (Figure 1), and thus moves down the rapidly
vibrating buffet u, so that it immediately strikes the buffer end 48 of the nipper
clamps, and drives them forward, these close upon the type head and strike
the projecting lips 2, 3, of the guiding clamps g', g², and the project.ng sides of the
type head, and carry the whole for waid with the necessary force to secure a good
impression The type head is thus securely clamped on its four sides, and carried
firmly forward at right angles (raidially) against the transfering wheel
It will be observed fiom Figure 3, and understood from puor description, that a
number of type heads can be diven forward at once, the flexible joints admitting
of then being brought to a radial position in relation to the transfering wheel z
This knee joint
through the instrumentality of the lever o, and the knee joint 1
is sunila in principle to the motive mechanism of feed wheels in some sewing
machines, it gips the wheel only on the outer movement The wheel is thus
moved forward a space equal to the number of type heads to be impressed upon it,
whether one or more, or whether broad on nanow letters, as i's or w's, or capitals,

page_text: the space or movement of the wheel is precisely equal to the respective thicknesses
the cof The impression thus received upon the lead or soft metal rim of the trans-
ferring wheel, either in relief or intaglio, is by no means clear and sharp in its
edges, and it is therefore necessary to plane the face of the impression so as to
sharpen its outline This is accomplished by the small surface cutters or planes t, t
The soft metal run h also requires to be supported as close as possible to its outer
face by the sides of the dovetail groove to prevent its spreading, after being
planed the impression is then ready for inking, which is accomplished by the
rollers 8, 8, 8. The impression thus inade and inked is now transferred to the
elastic band w, w, which passes over the printing cylinder or wheel p, and between
it and the transtening wheel 2 The elastic band thus printed with the subject
matter is now passed through the shaping and adjusting frame of the photographic
apparatus, but between this and where it leaves the pinting wheel it is run into
slack, which is for the purpose of allowing the operator, who is justifying or
shaping and photographing the impression, free scope in his work
photographed it is returned to the printing wheel between revolving brushes, these
with diluted lye or other suitable wash on the brushes, and a dry brush and cloth
(the latter occasionally replaced to remove dampness), the band is made ready for a
continuation of the printing by cleaning and removing the used impression (dead
matter) The band is preferably endless
As the band is
Here remark, after the impressed metal rim h on the transferring wheel has
delivered the impression on the elastic band, it passes the cup 8 of molten lead or
other suitable metal in use, which by melting it obliterates the impression, and the
The molten metal
new is formed under the moulding concentric groove 7
(kept in this state by a gas jet) also supplies any slight deficiency in material caused
by waste (oxidization) or the action of the planes, thus the soft metal 11m 18
completed for a continuation of the impressions of the type of the composing
machine
It will be noticed that the dovetail groove for the soft metal rims is made in a
casing or the around the transfering wheel The purpose of this is to allow
facility in melting, which would be difficult were the groove in the large body of
solid metal forming the wheel, it also saves any undue expansion
I would here observe that the elastic band may have the subject matter printed
duectly upon it by placing it around the transferring wheel in room of or over the
soft metal nm, but I have found that it is difficult to ink the type properly and
make good clear impressions on the band without seriously affecting the rapidity of
the machine, whereas while the type punches in relief o intaglio may be operated
at any speed obtainable under the most practised operator, the impression is tians-
fered to the elastic band by the usual firm, steady pressure essential to a good
impression I may state, however, that by using inked ribbon under the type and
a moveable platen, the impression may be received upon paper placed upon the
platen and under the inked ribbon, thus serving as a type writing machine which
posseses many advantages over those now in use
As appears in Figure 2, and before explained, the type heads of the machine
embrace three sets of type, but may easily be made to embrace more. The central
10w 18 small letters, the lower low capitals, and the upper low figures, punctuation
points, abbreviations, etc The figures may be used in combination either with the
small letters or capitals, but owing to the latter being being on the same type-head and
of a similar thickness as its attendant small letter the capitals can only be used by
themselves in capital letter printing To substitute capitals therefore, which will
be of appropriate sizes to the small letters, and may be used in conjunction, I have
placed the vertical bar 47, having on its edge facing the transferring wheel a set of
capital letters. Where each of these letters occur the bar is of an equal thickness
to the letter, for instance, where a "w or an m occurs that place is considerably
thicker than where the "1" lb When I requne a capital letter 1 depress this
vertical bar until I bring the desired capital opposite the soft metal in of the
transfering wheel, I then depress the level 27 by the key 50, and the impression is
27
"
"

page_text: instantly given
When I requne a space I depress the space keys at either end of
the key-board, and give the tiansfelling wheel a flat depression The transferring
wheel may be of wood, and the impression obliterated by cutters, the gradually
duminishing diameter of the wheel being compensated for by its being moveable
under sping pressure against the type-heads
All the machinery connected with the transferring wheel 2 moves with it in its
triplication movement By placing the melting chamber at the centre e, and the
type impression metal kept in a fluid state, the impression may be made clear
without the aid of cutters, but much more slowly, oi m lieu of either metal or
wood wax softened by heat inay be used in the 1 of the transfering wheel for
receiving the impression, which, when cool, will be of ample hardness to print the
clastic band I have thus explained the working of the composing and punting
machine with its several details, the manner in which the subject matter is com-
posed and stamped upon soft metal, and how it is then duectly printed upon the
elastic band
I will now proceed with an explanation of the manner in which the subject
inatter instead of being punted duect upon is attached to the elastic band, and the
composing machine for accomplishing this
Here follows a description in brief of this composing and attaching machino
The composing and attaching machine has fingering keys representing the letters
of the alphabet, punctuation points, figuies, etc, and any requiied reading matter is
composed and attached to a moveable rubber or other elastic surface (preferably
an endless india-rubber band), in the following manner - On the machine are a
number of icels containing abboned paper, cach piece of which is printed through-
out its extent with some letter of the alphabet, and all in sufficient number and
variety to make up any reading matter which may be required Each ribbon of
paper is operated by its distinctive key, and as each and every letter of any word
is requned the corresponding keys depressed in rotation bing forward these letters
undor a pair of shears which cuts them off and attaches them in a overlapping
order by any adhesive substance to the elastic band The letters are printed upon
the ribbons a short space apart, and when attached to the clastic band the cut off'
pieces overlap each other on this space only The overlapping manner in which
the letters are attached to the band readily admits of stretching the band without
exposing the open joints during the process of photographing which follows
To make stereotype moulds of any reading matter with this machine the letters
instead of being printed on the 1ibboned paper are depressed below its surface, that
18, formed into matrices on it, and the reels of ribboned paper treated after this
manner are placed in this machine, cut as required, and attached to the band, and
formed into a moulding surface
To the composing and attaching machine there is a subsidiary press for printing
and punching the rolls of ribboned paper or forming them into matiices This
press is composed of two cylinders, one having the type and punches, and the
other the holes into which these punches work A 1oll of paper is placed upon a
reel facing the punting wheels, and the end passed between them and over a
receiving reel, on to which the paper is wound by clockwork as it is printed
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, relates to the composing and attaching
machine, and Figures 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47, to its subsidiary
appliances and matrix attachments.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of the composing machine (sectioned) shewing the
action and arangement of one of the keys and its attendant machinery
Figure 5 is a plane or top view of the machine having a portion of the table broken
away to shew the construction underneath
Figure 0 is a front elevation of Figs Nos 5 and 4.
Figures 6, 7, 8 10, 11, and 12, are enlarged details of 9, 5, and 4 On Figure 5,
12ª, 12a, are the ribboned paper conducting channels converging upon the shears 10ª,
W is the elastic band coated with an adhesive substance, 86, the feeding wheel, 87, a
guiding wheel, 11ª is a sticking pad, which sticks each letter to the band as it is

page_text: cut off the ribboned paper, 84, 84, are the keys, 83, the space bai, 92, the driving
shaft, 85, the feeding bar, 89, the cut-off bar
On Figure 4 35 is one of the paper channels with a printed ribbon therein,
and 19 is an outer case for feeding the paper 1ibbon, 18 is an attached knee,
17ª an adjusting occentric, 16ª a steel sping diaw attached to the guide 15ª, and
the dropping lever 24, 27 and 91 are vibrating bars on the centies 22 and 25ª,
a driven though the instrumentality of the rapidly revolving cam 93 (these bars
underlie all the droping levers, bemg 90 and 91 in Figure 5), 96 is a retaining knee,
and 94 a retaining bar for all the droping levers, 6 and 31 is the relieving attach-
ment to the keys, 85 is the feed bar, and 39a, the adjusting screws therin, 97 by 1
its connection 40s with the feed bai 85 is a parallel movement therefore, 98 is a
parallel movement for the spung bai 99 underlying all the keys, 1ª is a parellel
movement for the cut-off bai 89, and 20 is an attachment therefiom to the sheais 108,
4ª is a top stop bai to the keys, and 5 is then fulcium bai, 23 18 bolted across the
machine, and contains the grooves for the lever draws 15ª, 36ª is a stationary
drawing guide across the face of which the draw spring 16ª is drawn
It will be observed the neccessity for 36 anses from the fact that the ribbon
channels all converge and draw upon a centual, while the diopping levers to which
they are attached diaw directly and parallely for ward, 21a is a spring to throw
back the paper channel, and 290 answers the same purpose for the feed bar 85 0ª,
10ª, 11, 86, 87, relate to the feeding and cut-off mechanism, and are shewn and
fully expplained in detail in Figures 10, 11, and 12, while the ribbon paper move-
ment 18 shewn fully in detail in Figs 6, 7, and 8.
In Figs 6, 7, and S, 35 is the paper channel, 10ª, a case moveable on the channel,
20, a stop attached to the channel, and 20º, a stop attached to the case, 38 is a
spring, and 41ª, a chip point or pawl working in the holes of the ribboned paper,
25ª is a pressure pad, 42, a stop attached to the channel, 14 is the machine top,
and 43 and 44a, stops therem In Fig 6 (the normal position of the mechanism)
the end of the paper stands back from the shears about the distance of the space
between 42 and 44° Now when I strike a key, the first movement resulting
therefiom is to dive the case 19, and with it the proper ribbon (by the pawl 41ª
resting in the hole therein) for waid until stop 29ª on the case strikes stop 20 on
the channel, as shewn in Figure 7, and this movement brings the paper abbon up
to the sheais, still the channel has not yet moved, but immediatly the stops 20
and 20ª come together the completion of the movement dives the whole mechanism
ahead till stop 42 stukes stop 44ª, which projects the paper having a letter
thereon beyond the shears, which then cuts it off and attaches it to the band
-
Before going into details of Figures 10, 11, and 12, I will explain the general
movements of Figures and 5. As stated 91 and 27ª are constantly vibrating,
hist 91 moves forward, then 27 moves upward Now I stuke a key down with
the following result By the spring butt 31a it knocks off the retaining knee 96¹
to 96 from the retaining bar 91, this action drops the drop lever 95 to be instantly
caught and driven forward by the vibrating an 91 from position 962 to 96³, and
with it the opposite set screw in the feed bai 85 By the attachments heretofore
explained the requned letter has now been cared for ward between the shear blades,
and the feed bai connected to the feed wheel 86 has set the sping thereto attached
in a position to feed that wheel when required The configuration of the cam 93
holds forward the drop lever for a quarter of the revolution, and during this time
the same cam is raising it by aid of the lever 27 and with it the cut-off bai 89
This action closes the sheans, cuts off the letter, and attaches it to the hand
When
the bai 90 has raised the diop lever sufhciently high to clear the top of the vibrating
arm 91, the paper channel daits back to its orignal position by the spring 21 The
feed spring resting on 86 18 now relieved, and St feeds the band for the next
letter
As may be observed from Figure 5 evory key has a similar mechanism attached
to it. As some letters requne greater feeds than others the set screws in the feed
bai 85 are so anlanged and adjusted that when a long feed is icquired as foi an

page_text: " 01 & W "the set screw is screwed further in, which causes a greater sweep of
the feed bai and a longer feed of the feed wheel 86
The arrangement of this feeding apparatus as shewn in detail in Figures 10 and
11 is thus fully explained, Figure 10 as an enlarged fiont elevation of the feeding
mechanism, as seen in Fig 9, but with the elastic band removed, Figure 11 is an
enlarged plane view of the feeding mechanism, as seen in Figure 5, with the table
broken off in both sides to shew the portion underneath, Figure 12 shews the
pieces of paper attached to the band In attaching they lie flat, but are shewn
slightly raised from the band
In Figures 10 and 11 12ª, 12, is the space of the converging paper ribbons
extending to the dotted line 1b, 14ª, the machine table, 10a, the shears, 11ª,
the the sticking pad, 85, the feed bai, 90, is the fiction wheel, 50, the ficton
cam o pawl kept to position by the spring 514, both fastened upon the lever
33, and connected with the feed bai 85 by the joint 52, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49a,
is the check mechanisın Now when I stike a key the corresponding paper ribbon
is driven forward from 1b through the shears up to the opposite side of the sticking
pad, which rests against the back of the sheais The shears then begins to close,
and thus allowing the sticking pad to move forward cements the end of the paper
1ibbon to the band, when the shears completes its movement, cuts off the letter, and
flies back, taking the pad back with it, the feed wheel then feeds the band for the
next letter
It was shewn that the ends of the diop levers stake the feed bar (85) screws 61ª
on the forward movement, but I must not feed until the back movement of the
1ibboned paper, that is, until the letter is cut off, therefore when 85 18 diven foi-
waid, and with it 30 backward, the check mechanism 45 to 49 is on the fiction
whcel 9, but the instant the letter has been cut off, and attached to the band, the
check mechanisin is releived by the bearing cam against 45ª, and the feed spring
29ª (Figure 4) by aid of the cam 50% feeds the wheels 9 and 86, and with them
the elastic band Every set screw 61ª, 61, is set so that the length of the feed is
adapted to the breadth of the letter it represents Ordinary flour paste can be
used on the band, but a very sticky mixture of resin and oil answers best, thus
the letters for any requued leading matter are cut off by this machinery, and
attached to the elastic band
The next operation is photographing the band on which the subject matter has
been printed, or to which it has been attached This I will now describe before
beginning the discription of the composing machine attachments, and subsidiary
appliances
Figures Nos 13 to 38, both inclusive, relate to the photographing, justifying, and
shaping machinery in Figure 13, 49 is the camera shewing a section of the shield
53 and the mechanism for raising the sensitized plate 54 contained within it, a
line at a time, and the manner in which the slot oi longitudinal exposure opening
51 is at the same moment (a line at a tine) made It also shows how, when it is
desired to take various sizes of printing, the camera is moved to or from the subject
matter w, according to a recorded scale on the way or track, and how the lever
handle 55 (Figure 17) 1aises the slide 83 with the sensitized plate 54, and makes
an exposure opening at 51 corresponding with the size of the type or printing
requned, and the set scale on the side of the track or way 66 is a case containing
the screens, slides, ornamentation, etc, mentioned already, 52 is the track or way,
having a register of various sizes of type on the side, 82, the adjusting and shaping
machine, and w, the elastic band
Figure 17 shows the back view of the camera box 49 and the dark shield 53
with its door removed, in order to show the interio, 54 is the sensitized plate in
the frame 83, which is moveable within the dark shield 53 To the frame 83 con-
taining the sensitized plate is attached a guiding bar 60, which passes through
the top of the dark slide, and is continued through knee joints 58 and 59 These
knee joints operate in principle like the knee joint of the transfeiring wheel already
explained 57 is the opening exposure slide, parting at 51, 55 is an exposing

page_text: handle, which, in combination with the stop bai 56 and the raising lever 80, raises
the opening exposure slide 57, and its attached knee joint 58. The latter grips the
bar 60 of the sensitized plate frame only in the movement upward, thereforo
the exposure opening 51 and the raising of an equal portion of the sensitized
plate to receive the photographed impression are made simultaneously Let it
be here understood that when the operator has given sufficient exposure to the
sensitized plate, that is, has photographed the line of the subject matter before
him, he lowers the lever 80, which lowers the slide and closes the exposure opening,
but the sensitized plate remains stationary, because it is held in any position it
attains by the under or lower knee joint 59 The operator then moves forward
the elastic band (subject matter), adjusts it, raises the slide, and photographs the
next line Of course the sensitized plate is moved up another line equally with the
exposure opening, and always remains in the position it is left through the instru-
mentality of the friction knee joints 58 and 59, but the slide diops back, and
closes the exposure opening each time In this way the operation of photographing
the subject matter is repeated line after line until the whole sensitized plate is
filled, when another is substituted, and the frame being shoved to the bottom the
operation is repeated as before, the bar 56 having the set sciews therein lowers
towards the elastic band end of the track in the same ratio that the width of the
line increases as the camera moves forward
-
Figure 14 shows a plane view of the shaping frame and adjustment mechanism
for the elastic band w is the elastic band printed with the subject matter 71 and
72 are two weighted draught or drawing pullies for carrying the elastic band
through the machine in the direction of the arrow 73, 70, we two knee fiction
Joints acting exactly in principle to those both in the camera and the printing
machine alieady explained, and operate in conjunction upon the elastic band thus
The subject matter to be photographed is passed to knee joint 70, and may be
strained back towards knee joint 75 to justify it to any word or conventional break
The latter knee joint will retain it in position during process of photographing
77 is a scale for measuring the various lengths of lines, and having pointer shields
between which they may be justified according to the distance of the camera fion
the object ending mattoi, and also to suit any other length of line or size of letter-
ing The handle 74 for moving the shaping frame by the scale 73 and on the
centie 68 18 for turning the elastic band wat various angles to the camera The
handles 60, 69b, and scales 70, are for tuining or canting the subject matter at
various angles to the camera, but in a different plane
The operation of this machinery will now be further explained -The subject
matter which is printed upon the elastic band is of one description of type
Ordinary great primer may be conventionally used, but I place no limit upon the
size Whatever size is used however in the type machine that size must form a
basis or standard size from which to mark all the scales of sizes on the photograph-
ing machinery Of course other sizes of subject matter may be easily interloped
with additional suitable scales added to the machine, or the operator may acquie
sufficient skill by practice to interlope or mingle various sizes in the object reading
matter without reference to the permanent scales of the machine, except however
for a certain class of lettering little used the scope of the machine with its various
shaping, and increasing, and diminishing contrivances, will afford a variety of style
and size sufficient for all ordinary printing But to continue, the elastic band
having been printed with the subject matter is passed through the shaping and
justifying machine, and through the feeding rollers 71, 72, and the knee joints
75, 76, hold the band, as already explained We will now suppose the operator
wishes to print the page of a book or column of a newspaper in diamond lettering
or type He sets the gauge to suit the length of the hne on the shaping and
adjusting machine, as at Figure 14 He then adjusts the focus of the caineia by
placing the forward pointer or stop against diamond on the scale of the way o
track 52 (Figure 13), and the back pointer or stop against diamond, or its repre-
sentative number, letter, or mark (these may be used as substitutes in place of the

page_text: actual names of different sizes of type) on the short track 02 He now justifies
his lines where he finds it necessary To do so he allows the elastic band w to run
through until the beginning of the reading matter reaches the off gauge point or
scale (Figure 14) The knee joint 76 now holds the off' end of the clastic band
while he draws back on it until he brings the reading matter to any desired or
conventional break or line ending at the near gauge point In all ordinary justi-
fication of lines a very slight strained movement of the elastic band will be
sufficient The Justification of his line being now complete he raises the lever 80,
this raises the exposure slide 57, and the exposure opening at 51 will be opened to
a width corresponding with (unleaded) diamond lines The line is then photo-
graphed As explained before the exposure slide drops and closes the exposure
opening when the lever is dropped, but the sensitized plate remains stationary,
being held by knee joint 59, thus the first line is photographed Then to com-
mence operations for the next, the operator raises knee joint 75 (on shaping and
adjusting frame), and allows the feed olleis to cany the band forward until he
brings his last photographed line ending just past the off gauge point He then
Justifies the subject matter as before by drawing backwards, 1aises the lever, and
photographs the second line, and so repeats and proceeds until he has filled up his
plate or completed his page, which he has now in uniform diamond printing In
the same manner, to obtain pica for instance, he inoves the camera for waid until
the pointer reaches pica on the scale, and he moves the bellows (sensitized plate
slide) back till its position reaches pica on its scale He then widens the scale on
the adjusting fiame to pica, staits his subject reading matter (the clastic band), and
proceeds as before, until the sensitized plate is completed with pica size reading
matter
It may be observed here that with the pointers at pica on the camera tracks the
lever gives a pica exposure opening upon the sensitized plate, while with the
pointeis at diamond a suitable and of course nanower exposure opening is made
In this manner any other sizes are obtained, the adjustment being readily and
rapidly secured
It will of course be readily understood that to mingle a number of different
sizes of letters in lines on the same plate, is simply done by moving the camera
backward from or forward to the subject matter (elastic band) This gives a style
suitable for advertisements, displayed matter, headings, etc
Some of the subject matter for this style may be printed in capitals and some in
ordinary lettering, and this in a mixture of sizes gives a further diversity of
appearance usual in advertisements Letters may even be obtained by this process
almost microscopic, but at any ate smaller than from ordinary type
Having thus described the manner in which all ordinary plain matter (lettering)
large and small is obtained, I now proceed to describe the various contrivances for
producing fancy and other varieties of lettering
It will be observed that I place above the shaping and adjusting frame a fiame
or box which contains as great a variety of screens, ornamental designs and figures,
breaks, bars and capital letter and other ornaments, and other fancy material in
white, black, or transparent linings (on glass) as I may deem necessary for the
proper execution of the art These, it will be noticed from Figure 13, are placed so
that they can be readily dropped over the subject matter (the elastic band) during
the process of photographing, and incorporated therewith on the sensitized plate
either in connection or between the lines And I obtain or produce a further
diversity of lettering upon the sensitized plate by the following devices and move-
ments of the shaping frame The handle 74 (Figure 14) is attached to the frame so
that it may be moved on a vertical axis at any angle to the camera The effect
produced by this upon the lettering when transferred to the sensitized plate will be
somewhat vaned by different lenses, but the general result will be to shorten the
line and make the lettering appear elongated vertically, also slightly diminish toward
the farthest end, Figure 20 is an example of this style The handles 69, 69, are
attached to the sides of the moveable centre blocks through which the elastic band

page_text: passes, so that the band may be moved at any angle to the camera on a horizontal
axis The effect produced by moving these handles so as to bing the band (subject
matter) at an angle to the camera, is to produce the appearance of stunted letters on
the sensitized plate, or in other words, letters elongated horizontally as in Figure 21
These letters would show all their vertical lines thick and then horizontal lines
thin Moved on a vertical axis as described, immediately pieceding the vertical
lines would be thin, and the horizontal lines thick, or the opposite
By a short, sharp, quick reciprocating movement of the shaping fiame, letters are
produced upon the sensitized plate having the appearance of shaded letters, that is
In the
two impressions are taken or produced in close proximity, as in Figure 23
same manner by a shorter reciprocating movement letters are taken or produced
which have broader proportions than those on the clastic band By turning
level 69ª downwards or upwards while lever 69b remains stationary, the lettering
produced on the sensitized plate will diminish from large at one end of the line to
small at the other, and vice versu, if the position of the lever handles are reversed
as in Figure 22 and 25 This operation operation as may be seen throws one end
of the subject matter (the elastic band) at an an angle (obtuse or acute) to the
camera, while other end retains a full front
By turning the handles in opposite directions the lettering will be produced large
in centre of line and tapering to both ends as in Figure 26 The impression on the
sensitized plate may be further contorted by curving the subject matter (the elastic
band) upwards or downwards, or by bulging it to or from the camera, the results of
which will be readily understood
Italicising letters may be effected by turning the subject matter at any angle to
the camera, said angle being produced by a combination of the handles of the
shaping frame, moved to angles on a vertical and honzontal axis respectively as
appears in Figures 18 and 19
Wue o glass screens or orniments painted white show coliesponding white
scorings or lines over the lettering, painted black they duplicate themselves upon the
lettering It is not only therefore evident that the shaping of the lettering may be
increased, but figuings, ornamentations, screens, Figures 3 to 38, may be multiplied
indefinitely, and line drawings, wood-cuts, etc, in unending valety, may be in-
corporated together, made and produced by this process during the operation of
photographing
Where variety in size or appearance of type are not requued, and the lettering
is to be uniform as a whole, I prefer to use the justifying piess shewn in Figure 39,
69 is a movcable table worked for wards with a pawl and ratchet, a line of reading
matter at a time, 62ª, 65, 63, 70%, 18 a pivoted clamping fiame, of which 650 18
the shaft, and 70s the edge clamp, 64 and 65ª being clamping 1ods connected with
a treadle, W is the elastic band, to which the letters are attached in a projecting
manner by altering the position of the band as it passes around the feed wheel of
the composing machine
The operation of clamping is as follows -I set the gauge to the width of the
column 1 neque, place a sheet of paper on the table, then justify to the width with
my hands as appears, clamp down 70° upon the justified projecting subject matter,
then raise and detach the elastic band, which is readily done, as the table 69a being
warm melts the resin I then draw a paste brush over the clamped-down ends of
the pieces of paper, raise the clamp 70°, move forward the table 69 a line, draw
along the elastic band with the next of the subject matter to the left-hand guage,
Justify and clainp again, and so on, until I complete my column on page, when I
lift it from the platform of the machine and photograph it in any size I require
It will appear from the foregoing that the blank portions of the papers are over-
lapped, showing only the letters thereon
Figures 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, and 47 are appliances and attachments to the com-
posing and attaching machine, whereby the letters on the 11bboned paper instead
of being printed therein, having been impressed or stamped therein, are cut off,

page_text: attached to the elastic band, and formed into a moulding or matrix surface, upon
which metal is cast to form a printing surface, or as now understood under the
name of a stereotype To do this work a secondary cutting attachment is fixed
above the shears and band wheel of the composing and attaching machine; a front,
top, and side view of which is shewn respectively in Figures Nos 44, 45, and 46,
and the parts of this addition are as follows -27b is the secondary shoais fixture
plate attached to the top of the machine by the screws 30b The fixed cutting
blade 26b is attached to the plate 27 and also the moveable cutting blade 25b.
The other portions of the machine work and operate in the manner alieady
described, and are the same, with the exception of the clastic band and the band
wheel 86, which are narrowel The matrix ribboned paper is stamped close to its
upper edge, as appears from the cut off and attached letters, seen in Figure 47, and
the operation in Figure 46
When I requue certain letters I strike the keys and the abboned paper is pro-
jected between the primary shears, stuck to the band, cut off, and fed as already
explained, the secondary shears now goes forward, cuts out the section shewn in
Figure 46, and flies back Every piece of paper it will be thus seen is formed into
ashape, overlapping below but not where the matrix letters are, Figure 47 will
fully explain this, w being the elastic band, 86, the band wheel, and 14ª, the front
of the machine. The only difference I make in the adjustinent of the machine is
in the length of the feed, the matrix paper having smaller letters than the printed
paper This I accomplish by simply moving the connecting link 52ª (Fig 45) out-
wards along the slots in the top of the feed bai 85 and the feeding aim 29b to such
positions as may be suitable to the sizes of type in the maxtrix paper I may be
using
The matrices having bec attached to the elastic band are now treated and
formed into a stereotype or mould surface by the clamping press shewn in Figures
numbers 40, 41, and 42
In these Figures, Wis the elastic band, 77, the table moveable by the pawl 80°,
85* is the mould basis paper, 75º¹, 75, 73, the clamping mechanism, 72", 42b, by
the handle 41b, the anangement for lowering and raising it, 68 is a cucular cut
off, and 76*, an oven When I have attached such leading matter as I requie to
the elastic band I place it conveniently and draw it across the adjusting platform
of the swining knee 83ª¹, holding it with my hands similarly as in Figure 39
I then swing it to position 83 adjusts the length of my line exactly to the set
gauges 43, 44, and swing it down upon the mould basis 85, on which is a coating
of paste, towards the clamp, then move forward the table 77ª by the pawl 80° and
a treadle This carries the line of matrix letters on the band under the clamp 73ª,
I then pull the handle 41b, bunging down the clamp upon the line, then draw the
uning circular cut-off 68* across, withdraw the knee 83, and with it the elastic
bands, leaving the matrix letters embedded in the pasty composition I then iaise
the clamp and proceed in the same manner with the next line, and so on till I
finish the page or column
In carrying out the foregoing the consistancy of the pasty composition, drying
properties, amount of surface to be coated at a time are readily determined by
practice and the speed at which the operator can justify and embed The oven 76%
is of essential use in setting the embedded letters, and the use of a tissue paper cover
40b discharged from the interior of the clamp 73 (Figure 41) is an important
feature for preventing clogging of the clamp and the overrunning of any of the
paste coming up through the joints between the letters into the hollow of the lotters.
As the finished stereoty pe mould passes from the clamp it is covered with this sheet
of tissue paper, and remains so until the whole is perfectly dried in the usual
stereotype mould oven, when it is simply passed over a flame and the tissue
paper burnt off, it is then ready to cast in the usual way after dusting off the
ash
If requisite the stereotype face may be leveled up by abrading it on a level
surface.
Figure 43 is a rotary press for rapidly punting or matricing and punching the

page_text: ribboned paper to supply the composing and attaching machine
A reel of 11bboned
paper is placed upon the reel 7b, passed through the guide 23b, between the
wheels 4b and 5b, and on to the receiving reel 8b, which is also a wind reel
taking up the ribboned paper as it passes through the wheels 4b, 5b These wheels
The wheel 4b 15 divided into
are diven by the power wheel 6b meshing into them
two, the inner wheel contains the punches for punching the small guiding holes
alongside each letter, as seen in Figures 4, 6, 7, 8, 46, and 47, and the outer wheel
contains the letters The outer wheel is removeable at pleasure by unscrewing the
flange 21b and substituting each other as may have the type thereon which 18
wanted to be printed or matriced When matricing is done there are matching or
paning wheels placed on the under shaft 19b, 19b, is a series of adjusting inking
rollers, and 18b a vibrating inking platen The wheel 4b is attached to the grooved
slide 14b, and the requisite pressure given under the combination of the sciew 10b,
The machine may be
punching nut 11b, washer 12b, and rubber cushion 13b
rapidly driven, and the ribboned paper used is similai in size to such as is commonly
used in telegraph offices
The last manners in which I obtain a surface for printing reading matter from are
like all the others, by means of the elastic band or surface, and that portion of the
I
machinery already described which I now refer to I use to make the transfer
proceed as follows, and use the composing and painting machine shewn in Figures 12
and 3 for pinting upon the elastic band -For giving the impression I use a
waxey ink on the inking rollers and a draft of hot au about the neighbourhood of
the inking rollers and point of printing connection to maintain solubility of the ink,
and in this manner produce such subject matter as I requne upon the elastic band
I then use the clamping press shewn in Figures 40, 41, and 42, having first removed
the circular cut-off 68a, and placed on the machine table a sheet of copper or other
suitable material then justify to the width of my column, turn down, clamp, and
deliver the impression upon the copper plate (which is slightly waim hom the
oven 76a) by the same machine movements formerly described, and which will be
readily understood
When the page or column is completed I place the copper plate in an electro-
typer's battery, and either as an anode or a cathode in the battery, reduce the un-
touched portions of the plate by withdrawal, or build them up by deposit, thus
forming a printing surface either in relief or depressed as at pleasure
1 may state that the reduction may be accomplished by acid
The clamping piess, Figures 40 and 42, has several ratchets, so that the table
may be moved the various distances required for the separation of lines by various
sizes of type Oi I take the elastic band, printed by the composing and printing
machine, shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, with transfer or lithographic ink, and
transfer it to a lithographic stone, line by line in the same manner, and using the
same means for justifying each line
*however endeavored to give in as full and explicit a shape as possible, both by
Drawings and discription, and by details of machinery and process, my manner of
obtaining all surfaces (relief, level, or depressed) for printing reading matter
fiom And for the full and thorough explanation of the connection of each machine
with the other in carrying out the several stages necessary, I have added to the
Drawings, Sheet number 7, familiarly known as a chronological tree, but in this
caso inverse This owing to the length of the disciption necessary is invaluable
as gving at a glance the whole connection
Under my own knowledge and familiarity with machinery, and equally to those
skilled in the ait, the same results under the same line and prominent feature of
treatment may be attained by a construction of machinery combinations and details
considerably varied from what I have described I have myself selected the best,
and therefore, although I clann as my Invention, both generally and specially, the
combination of mechanism thereof, I do so as being understood it is no bar
against other mechanisın, nor hmitment to the particular mechanism shown.
What I claim in my Invention is as follows
wing

page_text: The art of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter from, by first im-
pressing from a type-writing, printing, or setting machine, the subject matter on an
elastic band or surface, or by attaching the subject matter to an elastic band or
suu face, with a suitable machine, and after waids transferring the subject matter
so punted or attached by any photo-mechanical process, to metal, stone, or other
surfaces for printing
2 The art of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter from by first
detaching the letters of the subject matter from ribbons or strips of paper or any
suitable material, having the letters printed thereon at short inter vals apart, so that
each detached letter shall have an accompanying blank space, and then by
attaching these letters so cut off in overlapping order of their blank portions to an
clastic or unclastic band for the purposes specified, and finally transfering the
subject matter thus produced either line by line or in numbers of lines, substantially
as described by any photo-mechanical process of metal, stone, or other surfaces for
printing
3 The art of obtaining surfaces for printing matter from, by first impressing
from a type-writing, printing, or setting machine, the subject matter on an
unelastic band or surface, and afterwards tiansfelling the same by any photo-
mechanical process to metal, stone, or other surfaces for printing
4 The art of obtaining surfaces for pinting reading matter from by angling,
shaping, or contorting an elastic or unclastic band or surface, or by stretching or
straining an clastic band or sui face on which the subject matter has been primarily
printed or attached so as to impart varieties of shapos and designs to the lettering,
which then, by any photo-mechanical process, are transferred to metal, stone, or
other surfaces for printing
5 The aut of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter fiom, by placing
over or alongside the subject matter which has been punatly printed on attached
upon an elastic or unelastic band or surface any screens, letter, or ornamentations,
oi designs, whether black, white, or any color, or transparent, or by intervening
between the lines of subject matter as they are photographed, any ornamentations,
pictures, or designs, which combinations by any photo-mechanical process are
then transferred to metal, stone, or other surfaces for printing
6 The art of obtaing surfaces for punting reading matter from by increasing
or decreasing the distance between the sensitized plate in the camera and the
subject matter pumanly printed or attached upon an elastic or unclastic band or
surface so as to produce various sizes of lettering, intermingled or otherwise, which
then by any photo-mechanical process are transferred to metal, stone, or other
surfaces for printing
7 The art of obtaining suifaces for printing reading matter from, in reference to
the justification thereof, firstly, by straining an elastic band or surface on which the
subject matter has been primarily printed or attached so as to elongate the subject
inatter within certain limits or lengths of lines, according to conventional practices
among printers, and, secondly, to contract or elongate the subject matter by
tuining the elastic or unelastic band or surface upon which it has been primarily
printed or attached to any desired angle in the same plane with the camera, and
then transferring either or both by any photo-mechanical process to metal, stone, or
other surfaces for printing
8 In the art of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter from, and the fore-
going manners of effecting it, a composing, printing, and transferring machine having
bingering keys, operating type of hard or soft metal, or letter representations, or the
various letters of the alphabet, punctuation points, figures, and all other signs
necessary to the production of reading matter of any kind, by means of which
machine, reading matter may be rapidly composed and transferred or printed
directly or indirectly upon a band or surface of any elastic or unelastic material
If directly, by aid of an inking roller upon the surface of the elementary type,
indirectly, by the intervention of the impression on lead, wood, or other material, in
relief or intaglio, which received impression is then transferred to the elastic or
if

page_text: unelastic band oi surface (printed thereon) by ordinary process of inking rollers
and pressure
9 In the art of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter fiom, the combina-
tion of a band or surface of any elastic or unelastic material on which has been
printed or attached the subject matter, substantially as described and set forth,
with a machine for adjusting and shaping it, moveable as a whole upon a cential
and vertical axis, and in that part through which the continuing line of subject
matter is horizontally passed upon a horizontal axis, by means of which movements
the subject matter may be readily placed at a variety of angles to the sensitized
surface of the camera
10 In the art of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter from, and the
foregoing machinery, and manner for effecting it, an adjusting and shaping
machine operating an elastic or unelastic band or surface on which the subject
matter has been primarily painted on attached, in the manners substantially as set
forth and described, in combination with a photographic camera and any photo-
mechanical process of printing, for the purposes substantially set forth and described,
and also contained in the thud, fourth, fifth, and sixth claims, and in general the
reproduction upon a sensitized plate or plates, by means of photography and
reading matter of its make up in any shape, printed on, attached to, or lying upon
an elastic or unelastic band or other surface, as substantially set forth and described;
letter by letter, word by word, sentence by sentence, line by line, or lines by lines,
in succession or in whole or in part, and the reading matter justified, arranged, and
reproduced thus, transferred to metallic or other surfaces or lithographic stones for
printing by any known photo-mechanical process
11 In the art of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter from, by means
of an elastic or unelastic band or surface on which the subject matter has been
primanly printed or attached, a photographic camera in combination with a
guiding way or track, and an adjusting and shaping machine attached thereto,
substantially as described and for the purposes specified
12 In the art of obtaming surfaces for printing reading matter from a photographic
camera in combination with an inscribed or recorded set scale, or detailed list of
the various sizes of type upon its own way or track or focusing diaught, and a
corresponding and proportionately inscribed or recorded scale or detailed list of the
various sizes of type upon the guiding way or track connected with the shaping o
adjusting machine, for the purposes substantially as set forth and described, of:
readily increasing or diminishing and focusing, and thereby obtaining all sizes of
printing from the object reading matter pumanly painted on or attached to an
elastic or unelastic band or surface, in an elementary or standard size, by a type
printing, writing, or setting machine, whether the object reading matter be plain or
treated fancifully, as set forth and described
13 In the art of obtaining surfaces for painting reading matter from, by means
of an elastic or unelastic band or surface on which the subject matter has been
primarily printed or attached, and subsequently passed through an adjusting and
shaping machine substantially as described, a photographic camera in combination
with a secondary guiding way or track, raising or lowering the front or back of the
camera, as the case may be, so as to keep the base line of the piimanly printed
subject matter, the focused lens, and the base line of the opening exposure slide on
the sensitized plate all in one direct and straight line, whatever position the camera
may occupy upon the main track or whether the lettering be focused large or small
upon the sensitized plate
14 In the art of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter from, by means
of an elastic or unelastic band oi surface on which the subject matter has been
pumanly printed or attached, and subsequently passed through an adjusting and
shaping machine in combination with a photographic camera, substantially as
described, an exposure slide in the plate shield of the photographic camera, giving
at whatever position the camera may occupy in relation to the primarily printed

page_text: the lettering as focused upon the sensitized plato, whether large or small
15. In the art of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter from, by means
of an elastic or unelastic band or surface on which the subject matter has been
primarily printed or attached and subsequently passed through an adjusting and
shaping machine, in combination with a photographic camera, substantially as
described, a sonsitized plate frame within the sensitized plate shield of the camera,
moveable at each exposure uniformly with and to a similar width of line as the
opening exposure slide but remaining stationary at each shutting of the opening
exposure slide.
16. In a composing, printing, and transferring machine printing reading matter
for the purposes described and act forth, a keyboard of keys representing the various
letters of the alphabet, having the vowels in one or two sets, each set in a body,
placed at one or at both ends of the keyboard and having their attached type in a
corresponding position, such arrangement being for the purposes set forth and
described.
17 The art of obtaining surfaces for punting reading matter from, by first
detaching the letters of the subject matter from paper or other suitable material
having the letters punched, unpressed, or maticed therein, and then by attaching
the letters so cut off and detached to an olastic or unelastic band or surface for the
purposes specified, and finally embedding them faco outwards in a suitablo pasty
composition so that a stereotype or olectrotype printing surface may be obtained
therefrom.
18 The art of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter from by first
impressing the subject matter upon an elastic band or surface with a soluble waxy
or other ink, and thereafter transferring it to the surface of copper or suitable metal
under a clamping press, and finally by means of an electrotypers' battery, with the
so treated copper surface as an anodo or a cathode, reducing or building up the
untouched portions thereof so as to form a depressed or relief surface In machinery
composing and printing the subject matter on an clastic band or surface for the
purposes specified, the machinery combination as follows and substantially as
shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and referred to and explained in the Specification
thereof and for the purposes respectively specified
19 The combination of the keys c, c, c, knee levers 15, 15, spring draws 30, 30,
and type rods a, a, a
20 Of the type rods a, a, a, the spring joints d, d, and the type heads b, b, b
21 Of the type heads b, b, b, with the type or transferring wheel 2 and its
inserted soft metal rum h
22 Of the keys c, c, c, with the nipper clamps f¹ƒ³, by the buffer bar 27, the
vibrating buffer aim u, tho revolving crank 21, and the sub-buffer arrangement
24 and 25
23 Of the sub-buffer 2t, spring 28, nipper clamp buffer end 48, and the nipper
clamps ff duiven to positions numbers f³, f
24 Of the setting or adjusting screw 22, the nipper clamps f¹ƒ³, type heads b, b, b,
and the soft-metal im h
25 Of the spring joints d, the type heads b, b, and the guiding clamps g³, g², with
the nipper clamps f, f, and the soft-metal rim h
26 Of the nipper clamps f¹ƒ³, with the drop catch 18
27 Of the spring draws 30 and draw guides 29
28 Of the springs 17 and 16, with the key c
29 Of the capital letter bar 47 with the keys c, c, and the soft-metal rim h
30 Of the arm 2, the moveable centie clamp g' with the feeding lever o, its
binding friction clamp or knee joint b, and the transferring wheel z
31. Of the impressed and inserted soft-metal rim h, with the cutters t, t, the
inking rollers 8, 8, 8, the band wheel p, and the elastic band w
32 Of the feeding friction knee joint 7 and the check friction knee joint m
33 Of the soft-metal rim h with the casing segments r, 1, and with the melting

page_text: cup 8 and the remoulding groove 7, substantially as described and for their respective
purposes specified
34 In the triplication machinery, of the type heads b, b, the metal run h, the
moveable platform x, and the connecting rod 13
35 The combination of the composing and printing machinery in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, the printed elastic band w, and the photographing machinery in Figures 13,
14, 15, 10, and 17, substantially as diawn and described
36- The combination of the composing and printing machinery in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, the printed elastic band w, and the clamping press in Figures 40 and 42,
substantially as drawn and described In machinery composing and attaching
printed subject inatter to an elastic band or surface for the purposes specified, the
machinery combination as follows, and substantially as shewn in Figures, numbers 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, and referred to and explained in the discription thereof,
and for the purposes specified respectively
37 The combination of the keys 84, 84, levers 7ª and 0, buffing points 31ª, with
the drop levers 95, by the retaining spring catches 96¹
38 Of the rapidly evolving eccentric cam 93, the vibrating arms or leveis 91
and 27 by the depressed keys 84, 84, with the dropped levers 95,95.
39 Of the dropped levers 95, 95, by the machinery attachments 15ª, 16ª, 18ª,
19, and 38, with the ribboned papci 12
40. Of the dropped levers 95, 95, by the machinery attachments 30ª, 85, 29ª,
52, 53, 9, and 80, with the elastic band
41 Of the dropped levers 95, 95, by the machinery attachments 89, 3ª, 1ª and 2ª,
with the shears 10
42 In the abboned paper feeding mechanism of the advancing and retiring
channel 35ª, its outer case 19ª, the combination of stops 29, 20, 42, 43, and 41,
and the feeding pawl 41 working m the punched holes of the ribboned paper, for
the
purpose of caying the paper for wards to be cut off, and backward to be out of
the way, substantially as described
43 Of the checking pad 25 and the ribboned paper 12
44 Of the sticking pad 11 and the abboned paper 120.
45 In the band feeding mechanism of the feeding bar 85, having the adjusting
set screws 39ª therein, by the connecting arm 52 with the variable lever 53°, the
feeding friction pawl 50, the check mechamısın 45ª, 17ª, 49, all operated upon and
connected with the feed wheel 9ª and the band wheel 86
46 Of the abboned paper 120, the elastic band W coated with an adhesing sub-
stance, the sheais 10", sticking pad 11ª, and guiding wheel 87
47 Of the sping diaws 16" and diaw guides 30 as a simple and substantial
contrivance for diving the converging paper channels 35* in a different plane fiom
the diop levers 93
48 Of the diop levers 95 and the paper channels by the adjusting eccentrics 17*.
49 Of the converging guides 54 and 55 with the paper channels 35°
50 The combination of the composing and attaching machinery in Figures 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, the elastic band w having the subject matter attached, and the
photographing machinery in Figures 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, substantially as drawn
and described In machinery for photographing, the subject matter either attached
to or printed on an elastic or unelastic band or surface, for the purposes specified,
the machinery combinations as follows and substantially as shown in Figures 13,
14, 15, 10, and 17, and referred to and explained in the discription thereof, and for
the purposes specified respectively
51 The elastic or unelastic band or surface w, on which the subject matter has
been primarily printed or attached, combined with the feeding rollers 71, 72, and
the shaping and adjusting machino 67
52 The elastic oi unelastic band or surface w, upon which the subject matter has
been primarily printed or attached, combined with the knee joints or fiction
pawls 75, 76
53. The elastic or unelastic band or surface w, upon which the subject matter has

page_text: been primarily printed or attached, combined with the lever 74 and its scale 73,
also with the levers 69 and 69b and their scales 70, 70
54. Of the shaping and adjusting machine 67 and the way or track 52, with a
recorded register of type sizes thereon, also the camera 49, with a recorded register
of type sizes thereon
55 Of the increasing guage 56, tho opening exposure slide 57, and the lovers 55
and 80 connecting both
50 Of the opening exposure slide 57, the knee joints or friction pawls 58 and 59,
the friction bar 60, the fiamo 83 to which it is attached, and its contained sensitized
plate 54
57 Of the elastic or unclastic band w, the camera 49, the opening exposure at 51,
and the moveable sensitized plate 54
58 For the purposes of obtaining various sizes of lettering and a correct focus
thereof, the combination of pointers 38 and 48 on the camera, with their respective
scales or registers of type sizes
59 For the purposes of justification and making various lengths of lines, the
elastic or unelastic band w printed with the subject matter, and the adjustable
sliding guage 77
60 Of a box 66, the adjustable ornamentation, screen, fancy lettering, and other
slides contained therein, and the elastic or unelastic band w, having the subject
matter printed thereon or attached
61 Of the secondary track 63, the elastic or unelastic band w, the lens G4, and
the base of the opening exposure at 51
62 In Figures 15 and 16 the sensitized negative paper 54 by the rollers 78
and 79, weight 81, the feeding and checking friction pawls 58 and 59, in com-
bination with the elastic band to and other portions of this machinery, in the same
connection as the sensitized plate, being a substitute therefore
63 The machinery as shewn in Figure 39, and explained in the description
thereof, for detaching the subject matter from the elastic band, justifying it, and
placing it in page or column, to be reproduced in a printing surface by any photo-
inechanical process, and the combination of this machinery with the composing and
attaching machine in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11
64 The art of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter from, by attaching
to an elastic band or surface the letters of the subject matter in the form of matrices,
which have been previously cut from strips or sheets of paper, or other suitablo
material, and then by justifying and depositing these matices in lines, either
duectly on a matrix basis, or indirectly by first justifying on strips as described, so
as to form a solid and compact moulding or stereotyping surface into which metal may
be cast, for the purpose of producing relief surfaces for printing reading matter
fiom, in machinery composing and attaching the subject matter to an elastic or
unelastic band or surface in the form of matriced letters, and for producing there-
from a matrix or stereotyping surface for the purposes specified, the machinery
combinations as follows, and substantially as shown in Figures 40, 41, 42, 44, 45,
4G, and 47, and referred to and explained in the discription thereof, and for the
purposes respectively specified.
65 The combination of the secondary double cutting shear attachment 24b, 25b,
26b, 27b, with the matriced ribboned paper 12, the elastic band W, and the com-
posing and attaching machinery shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11
66 Of matriced letters cut off and attached, substantially as described and shown
in Figure 47, with the elastic band W
67 Of the elastic band W, the swinging and adjusting guide 830², the matrix
basis 85, the the advancing table 77, and the clamping press 73.
68. Of the tissue paper 40b, the embedded matrices 74, the clamp 73ª, and the
oven 76
69 Of the circular cut off 68s, and the elastic band W, having the matriced letters
thereon.
70 Of the mechanism 41b, 42b, 72, and clamping mechanism, 75ª, 75b³, 73°.

page_text: 71 In a press printing or matricing ribboned paper for the purposes specified,
fixed or moveable type in repeated succession, of the same denomination, in com-
bination around the circumference of the printing wheel 4b, each type with an
attendant equidistant and similarly contiguous punch for the purpose of simul-
taneously printing or matiicing and punching coils of ribboned paper, in the manner
as substantially described, and for the accomplishment of the end specified
72 The combination of a discharging reel 7b, the 11bboned paper 17b with the
printing wheel 4b, having types and punches thereon, operating in and upon the
bearing wheel 5b for the purpose of producing the result specified
73 The combination of the ribboned paper printed or maticed and punched with
the receiving and removeable real 8b
74 The combination of the ribbon press, as shown and described in Figure 43,
with the composing and attaching machinery shewn and described in Figures 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, and 47
75 The art of obtaining surfaces for printing reading matter from by first
printing the subject matter upon an elastic band or surface with lithographic or
other suitable ink, and then transferring it line by line, or lines in succession, from
the elastic band or surface to lithographic stones
*I have to state here that in many instances, and especially in setting up from
manuscript, an important feature not to be lost sight of is the probability of
corrections being required I have provided for this contingency in such a manner
as to render its being as readily and quickly accomplished as under the present
system of correcting moveable type Practice upon the keys of either of the
composing machines will insure a cert.un accuracy not obtainable under the present
system of hand setting and distribution, but authors' and editorial corrections or
other changes in inanuscript will always be necessary To provide for this when I
have reason to believe it will be required, instead of directly clamping the subject
matter down upon the arbitrary surfaces in the press shown in Figure 39 for the
purpose of photographing, or in the press shown in Figures 40, 41, and 42, for the
purpose of stereotyping, 1 procced after the following manuet -I use plain ribboned
paper of the same width as that which I punt or inatrix, and I justify and clamp
down cach line of subject matter from the elastic band upon this, using a guago
which I set to the length of line I wish I afterwards cut the lines off, and thus
form the subject matter into separate and unattached lines, these I set up in a
suitable grooved frame, and from this photograph a proof for correction if it is
necessary
"
It will be readily seen that my lines may be transposed or moved about or
"leaded Or they may be cut out and canned forwards or backwards where
less than a line has to be put in or taken out, as the case may be And this it will
be observed applies equally to the matricing, as the bottom of the matrices is also
punted, and therefore in a similar manner is a photographic proof taken
I wish it understood in this connection that in lieu of the elastic band in Figure 1
(one) ribboned paper may be substituted, and either printed with the subject matter,
or it may be matriced while moist on a rubber wheel p, and in either of these forms
may be justified by cutting between the words, and set up in the grooved fiame
just described
When the matrices are correct I clamp them down upon the matrix basis, and
cut them from the lines of ribboned paper in precisely the same manner I have
already described, as in detaching them fiom the band, I then have my moulding
surface I may state in this correcting connection and in the justifying connection
I claim an unelastic band or surface as well as an elastic sui face, since under my
machinery and process cut-off letters of the subject matter may be attached directly
or indirectly upon an unelastic band, ribboned paper for instance, and this may bo
cut between the words for the purpose of justification with considerably facility
And in the case of photographing direct to the sensitized plate, the lines of subject
matter may be contracted of distended upon the sensitized plate by simply turning
the adjusting fiame on a vertical axis to the camera.
afted man

page_text: In making a comparison of the variety of manners in which I obtain printing
surfaces for reading matter by means of composing machines, and elastic or unelastic
Justifying bands, I distinctly state that that produced upon the copper plate is
inferior to any of the others in finish, speed, or economy
Owing to the length of description resulting from almost entirely novel machinery
I have been obliged to curtail generally, and moreover to leave out numbers of
minor details, many of which will however be obvious from the general description.
In this I have
-
-
-
-
-
-
In witness whereof, I, have set my hand and seal, on this Thursday, the
Seventh day of June, in the year of our Loid One thousand eight hundied
and seventy-soven, in the City of Ottawa, aforesaid
Witness,
HENRY CRIST,
Patent Agent.
GEORGE PRINGLE DRUMMOND (LS)

page_text: 12'
12"