Improvements in or relating to Head Coverings, Hair Foundations, or the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 26th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 17th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Head Coverings, Hair Foundations,
or the like.
I, GEORGE LICHTENFELD of 93 Great Portland Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Wig Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows 1-
In the case of baldness particularly with ladies the disfigurement may be over-
come by the employment of a coiffure but it very frequently happens that at certain
parts of the head the hair is weak, or that there are bald pieces or patches, and
when the hair is done up these pieces are often noticeable. Hitherto it has been
customary to apply artificial hair, secured to a light backing of gauze or the
equivalent, to the weak parts, but the objection to this is that the gauze being very
thin is quickly destroyed by the hair pins which also penetrate through to the skin.
To obviate this I propose to apply a pad or cover made of auy suitable material to
the bald place or weak portion. This pad preferably follows the contour of the
head and may be made of hair plaited or woven, hair and rubber or any other
suitable material adapted to receive and retain the hair pins or other fastenings.
Such a pad being applied at the desired place will be entirely covered by the
natural or artificial hair which can then be secured by hair pins in the usual
way, the pad forming a suitable foundation for the reception and retention of
the pins.
In carrying out the invention I may first form a braid which may be very thin
and wide or thicker and narrower according to the requirement and I make this
braid preferably of human hair although it may be of other material such as
mohair or the like. The braid is made of a number of thin flat strands of the
material braided, plaited or worked upon each other so as to produce the braid of
the required dimensions; where the braid is made of hair or other fibre of
restricted length I may, when approaching the end of any strand or fibre
incorporate in that strand other hairs or fibres so as to carry on the strand to the
required length.
In forming foundations from this braid I curl or fold the braid in any required
manner say conveniently spirally or helically so as to form a flat or cup-shaped disc
or I may form tubes or other shaped foundations according to requirement. The
foundation may be made with a central opening or any required number of
openings in any desired positions to allow of the passage of the natural hair of the
head to which it is to be applied. The edges of the braid may be connected
together by stitching, machine sewing or the like and may either overlap or merely
butt against each other.
In some cases a single width of the braid will be sufficient to form the required
foundation the width of the braid being made to suit the requirement.
Dated this 26th day of June 1893.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Head Coverings, Hair Foundations,
or the like.
I, GEORGE LICHTENFELD of 93 Great Portland Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Wig Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the case of baldness particularly with ladies the disfigurement may be over-
come by the employment of a coiffure but it very frequently happens that at certain
parts of the head the hair is weak, or that there are bald pieces or patches, and
when the hair is done up these pieces are often noticeable. Hitherto it has been
customary to apply artificial hair, secured to a light backing of gauze or equivalent,
to the weak parts, but the objection to this is that the gauze being very thin is
quickly destroyed by the hair pins which also penetrate through to the skin.
To obviate this I propose to apply a pad or cover made of any suitable material to
the bald place or weak portion. This pad preferably follows the contour of the
head and may be made of hair plaited or woven, hair and rubber or any other
suitable material adapted to receive and retain the hair pins or other fastenings.
Such a pad being applied at the desired place will be entirely covered by the
natural or artificial hair which can then be secured by hair pins in the usual
way, the pad forming a suitable foundation for the reception and retention of
the pins.
The invention will be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings in
which
Figure 1 represents a portion of the braid of which the pad is preferably
made and
Figures 2, 3, and 4 represent different coiffures provided with the pads according
to this invention; the pad shown in Figure 2 is formed of narrower braid than that
represented in Figures 1, 3 and 4.
In carrying out the invention I may first form a braid A Figure 1 which may be
very thin and wide or thicker and narrower according to requirement, and I make
this braid preferably of human hair although it may be of other material, such as
mohair or the like. The braid is made of a number of thin flat strands a of the
material braided (each containing the requisite number of threads or fibres) plaited
or worked upon each other as shewn in Figure 1, (or it may be in another pattern)
so as to produce the braid of the required dimensions. When the braid is made of
hair or other fibre of restricted length I may when approaching the end of any
strand or fibre incorporate in that strand other hairs or fibres so as to carry on the
strand to the required length. In forming foundations from this braid I curl or
fold the braid in any required manner as at A Figures 2 and 3, spirally or helically
as convenient, so as to form a flat or cup-shaped disc, or I may form tubes or other
shaped foundations according to requirement. The foundation may be made with
a central or other opening B, or any required number of openings in any desired
positions to allow of the passage of the natural hair of the head to which it is to be
applied. The edges of the braid may be connected together by stitching, machine
sewing or the like and may either over-lap or merely abutt against each other as
shewn in Figure 2. In some cases a single width of the braid will be sufficient to
form the required foundation, the width of the braid being made to suit the
requirement of the article to be made. Such an arrangement is shewn in Figure 3
one width of the braid A being curved round and the ends joined at C leaving an
opening B in the centre.
In Figure 2 the hair is shewn attached to thin gauze D in the front, to which the
pad formed of the braid A is attached so as to come in contact with the back of
the head.

page_text: In Figure 3 the hair is shewn attached direct to the disc A leaving the
opening B.
In Figure 4 the hair is attached along one side of the oval cap formed of the
braid A.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described pad substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. The manufacture of a pad cover or disc such as described from a braid
worked spirally helically or otherwise substantially as and for the purposes
described.
3. In the manufacture of head coverings hair foundations or the like the
employment of a pad cover or disc such as described either separately or attached
to a foundation having hair worked upon it substantially as and for the purposes
described.
4. In the manufacture of head coverings hair foundations or the like the
employment of a pad cover or disc such as described having hair worked upon or
partly upon it substantially as and for the purposes described.
5. The herein described pad formed of several convolutions of braid substantially
as described.
6. The herein described pad formed of a single coil of braid with the ends joined
and with or without a central or other opening B.
Dated this 6th February 1894.
GEORGE LICHTENFELD.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.