IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bowron, of Forest Hall, near Newcastle-
on-Tyne, Chemical Manufacturer, and George Lunge, Doctor of
Philosophy, of South Shields, in the County of Durham, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND
STEEL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bowron and
George Lunge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd July 1868.
We, JAMES BOWRON, of Forest Hall, near Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Chemical Manufacturer, and GEORGE LUNGE, Doctor of Philosophy, of
South Shields, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in mixing fluoride of calcium, the same
being obtained artificially or in the form of native fluor spar, or the
mineral known as "oryolite," either in a state of fine division or
otherwise, with the materials used in blast furnaces, for the purpose of

page_text: removing, either wholly or in part, the phosphorus contained in the
pig iron to be obtained therefrom.
This Invention further consists in using fluoride of calcium or cryolite
in puddling and other furnaces to aid in the manufacture of wrought
iron and steel by the removal of the phosphorus contained therein.
The phosphates resulting from such treatment may be utilised as
manure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Bowron and George Lunge in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23rd January 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
BOWRON, of Forest Hall, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, Chemical Manu-
facturer, and GEORGE LUNGE, Doctor of Philosophy, of South Shields, in
the County of Durham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said James Bowron and George Lunge, Her
special licence that we, the said James Bowron and George Lunge, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
James Bowron and George Lunge, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
AND STEEL,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
James Bowron and George Lunge, our executors, or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Bowron and George Lunge,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
Our said Invention consists in mixing fluoride of calcium, the same
being obtained artificially or in the form of native fluor spar, or the
mineral known as "cryolite," either in a state of fine division or
otherwise, with the materials used in blast furnaces, for the purpose of
removing, either wholly or in part, the phosphorus contained in the
pig iron to be obtained therefrom. The fluoride of calcium should be
used in the proportion of from two to twenty times that of the phos-
phorus contained in the materials under treatment according to the
quantity of the latter and the degree of purity which it is desired to
produce.
Our said Invention further consists in using fluoride of calcium
or cryolite in puddling and other furnaces as a "fettling" to aid in
the manufacture of wrought iron and steel by the removal of the
phosphorus contained therein.
The phosphates resulting from the treatment herein-before mentioned
may be utilised as manure.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which it is to be performed, we would observe in
conclusion that what we consider novel and original, and therefore claim
as constituting the Invention secured to us by the said herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is, the use of fluoride of calcium in the
manufacture of iron and steel as and for the purposes herein-before
described and set forth, or any mere modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Lunge, on behalf of myself
and the said James Bowron, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
GEORGE LUNGE. (L.s.)