NEW AND MORE ADVANTAGIOUS METHOD OF EXPANDING FLUIDS, WHICH BEING CONVEY'D INTO A PROPER IGNIFIED VESSELL OR VESSELLS CONTRIVED FOR THAT PURPOSE ARE IMEDIATELY RARIFIED INTO ELASTICK IMPELLING FORCE, SUFFICIENT TO GIVE MOTION TO HYDRAULO-PNEU- MATICALL AND OTHER ENGINES AND MACHINES FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER USES; AND ALSO IN BREWING AND DISTILLING BY A NEW FORK OR MAKE OF THE BOYLER, STILL, EVAPORATING VESSELL OR VESSELLS, AND OTHER CONTINGENCIES THEREUNTO BELONGING
Year: 1736

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN PAYNE,
of London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Second, by His Royale
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fifteenth day of November, in the tenth year of His raigne, hath
given and granted unto me, the said John Payne, my executors, administrators,
and assignes, His said Majestie's esspeciall licence, full power, sole priviledge
and authority, for my, the said John Payne's, "NEW AND MORE ADVANTAGIOUS
METHOD OF EXPANDING FLUIDS, WHICH BEING CONVEY'D INTO A PROPER IGNIFIED
VESSELL OR VESSELLS CONTRIVED FOR THAT PURPOSE ARE IMEDIATELY RARIFIED
INTO ELASTICK IMPELLING FORCE, SUFFICIENT TO GIVE MOTION TO HYDRAULO-PNEU-
MATICALL AND OTHER ENGINES AND MACHINES FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER
USES; AND ALSO IN BREWING AND DISTILLING BY A NEW FORK OR MAKE OF THE
BOYLER, STILL, EVAPORATING VESSELL OR VESSELLS, AND OTHER CONTINGENCIES
THEREUNTO BELONGING;" and that I, the said John Payne, my executors,
administrators, and assignes, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or
by my and their deputy or deputies, servants, or agents, or such others as I,
the said John Payne, my executors, administrators, or assignes, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thenafter
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend my said new Invention, to be particularly described by

page_text: an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in the High
Court of Chancery within two calendar months next after the date of the
said Letters Patent, within that part of His said Majesty's Kingdom of Great
Britain called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick upon
Tweed, in such manner as to me, the said John Payne, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assignes, or any of them, should, in their discretions, seem meet;
and that I, the said John Payne, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity,
and advantage from time to time coming, growing, accrueing, and arising by
reason of the said Invention for and during the term of years therein men-
tioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said lycense, powers, priviledges,
and avantages therein-before granted, or mentioned to be granted, unto me,
the said John Payne, my executors, administrators, and assignes, for and during
and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of the said
Letters Patent next and imediately ensueing, and fully to be compleat and
ended, according to the Statute in such case made and provided; in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that if I, the said John Payne, should
not particularly describe the nature and form of my said Invention by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
enrolled in the High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as hath been frequently
done in like cases, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and
advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and
become void, anything therein-before contained to the contrary thereof not-
withstanding, as by the said Letters Patent under the said Great Seal of Great
Britain, relation being thereunto had, may more fully appear.
NOW KNOW ALL MEN, that in obedience to and in pursuance of the
said Letters Patent, and the said proviso therein contained, I, the said John
Payne, do, by this instrument in writing under my hand and seal (which is
intended to be enrolled in the said Court of Chancery), particularly describe
the nature and forme of the said Invention, as herein-after is mentioned.
Imprimis. The new method of expanding fluids invented by me, the said
John Payne, is, first, by conveying, throwing, or dispersing water or other
fluids upon ignified or hot iron or other mettall, which will be immediately
rarified into elastick impelling force; and for that purpose there is contrived
a bottom plate or plates, or one or more pot or pots, pan or pans, or
other such like vessell or vessells, made of iron or other mettall, of a circular

page_text: or other form, to which are added plates of iron or other metall to raise
and inclose the same very strong and tight round the sides and over the
top; and over or near to the said bottom plate, or pot, or pan, or vessell
or vessells, there is or may be placed another vessell, of iron or other
metall, or wood, in which water or air or other fluids are to be contained;
and from that vessell, or by some other way, the said fluids are conveyed
or forced thro' a tube or tubes or other conveyances to be placed or fixed
thro' the top or sides of the first-mentioned vessell or vessells into the same
vessell or vessells, or into a bason or basons or other receiver or receivers
to be placed within the same bottom pot, pan, or other such like vessell
or vessells, with spouts or other machinery annexed to such bason or receiver,
which I, the said John Payne, call a disperser.
And for the distribution of the water or other fluid, as hereafter mentioned,
I, the said John Payne, have invented a method to move the said bason,
receiver, or disperser or dispersers in a circular or other motion by an
externall force of common machinery. I have likewise contrived to be placed
in the insides of the said first-mentioned bottom pot, pan, or other such like
vessell or vessells proper grates, plates, and barrs of iron or other metall for
the better support of the disperser or dispersers, and also for the easier dividing
and rarifying the fluids; and the first-mentioned bottom pot, pan, or other
such like vessell or vessells, and contingencies thereunto belonging, being made
and compleated, is or are placed in or over a fire or fires inclosed with or set
in brick or stone or other work; and then the same bottom pot, pan, or other
such like vessell or vessells are to be heated with the said fire or fires to a
great degree of heat, and continually kept so while in use; and when so
heated, the water, air, or other fluid being so forced or conveyed thro' the said
tube or other conveyances into the said first-mentioned bottom pot, pan, or
other such like vessell or vessells, or into the said bason, receiver, or disperser,
and by the said bason, receiver, or disperser, so moved as aforesaid, or by
some other way distributed or dispersed in a regular manner round the sides
and bottom of the said first-mentioned bottom pot, pan, or other such like
vessell or vessells, and grates, plates, and barrs of iron or other metall, the said
water, air, or other fluids will be imediately expanded or rarified into elastick
steam or vapour, which is to pass out of the same bottom pot, pan, or other
such like vessell or vessells, and to be applied to give motion to hydroulo-
pneumeticall or other engines and machinery, and also in blowing fires where
large bellows are wanting, and for other uses.

page_text: Secondly, the Invention of me, the said John Payne, for expanding of fluids,
is also by boiling by a new forme or make of the boyler, still, evaporating
vessell or vessells, and other contingencys thereunto belonging, as herein-after
is mentioned and described, which I call by the generall names of brewing and
distilling; distillation of all sorts being no more than rarifying or expanding
fluids by a boyling heat into steam or vapour and again condensing it into a
body. It is certain the quantity to be so rarified is always proportionable
o the surface of the fluid in the vessell that contains it, and not n tho
depth, for it is evident that no greater quantity will be evaporated from a
vessell that contains three feet in depth of the fluid than from a vessell that
contains only one foot in depth in the same time and of the same area or
surface and with the same degree of heat. Therefore the new Invention
of me, the said John Payne, for brewing and distilling, or other uses, is
to alter the form or make of the boyler, still, evaporating vessell or vessells
now in coñion uso, by enlarging the surface and diminishing the depth, by
making the boyler or evaporating vessell long ways instead of round, as one
and an half or two or more diameters in length to one in breadth, and so
proportionably the depth to be diminished, by which the same quantity of
water, wash, or other fluids will have double or more of surface for evaporation,
and the fire will have also a shorter distance from the bottom to the top of the
fluid to empell its force for rarification or expansion. And I, the said John
Payne, have also invented and contrived these following improvements in
expanding fluids as contingencys to be applied, which will be of great use
and advantage, particularly in the boyler or evaporating vessell or vessells that
is used or may be used to give motion to engines for raising water and other
uses, viz-Whereas in boiling water and other fluids in distilling, and for
making steam or vapour for engines and other uses, the said steam or vapour
is confined and pent up to a very great elastick force, which presses not only
against the sides of the vessell or vessells that contain them, but also on the
surface of the boyling fluid, which pressure depresses and keeps down tho
ebullition that is raised by the impelling force of fire, by which the fire must bo
inlarged and made more intensely hot, or the evaporation will be diminished,
as by experience I have found. Therefore to raise an ebullition whereby the
surface of the fluid is enlarged without encreasing the fire, I, the said Juhn
Payne, have contrived a cilendar or tube, or the like hollow vessell or vessells,
the lower end of which is to be placed near the bottom of the boyler or still
under the liquor, with severall small pipes or the like openings annext to it, to

page_text: admitt in and out the water or other fluid freely; and the upper end of this
cilendar or tube to come up thro' the still or boyler, and the top to be open, by
which, when the steam or vapour that is confined in the void head of the boyler
is strongly compressed, it will by its pressure raise the water or other fluid in
the tube, and at every discharge or explosion of the steam discend again thro
the small pipes into the boyler and raise an ebullition, and so alternatively thero
will be a flux and reflux; and to encrease this motion or to make the ebullition
the stronger there is to be placed a piston or forcer or other machinery in or
near the cilendar or tube, to be moved by the force of the engine or some
other power by which the rapidity of the water, wash, air, or other fluid thro
the small pipes will be encreased, and the ebullition of more efficacy. And
also to produce the like effect, I, the said John Payne, have contrived a tube
or hollow vessell to be contrinued from the boyler along, in, or over the flew
or canall that carries of the smoak, heat, and fire from the boyler, and thro'
which tube or hollow vessell the boyler may be replenished with new water or
other fluid; and that, further, an ebullition will also be made in the water or
other fluid contained in the boyler by a buckett-like vessell or peice of machinery.
to be moved up and down by a rod or stem fixt to it, and up thro' the head of
the boyler or evaporating vessell; and likewise for encreasing the evaporation
especially for engines, I, the said John Payne, place in my boyler a counter-
head or a platform of metall plates between the surface of the water or other
fluid and the top of the boyler or evaporating vessell, on which is placed the
disperser, before mentioned, or the like machinery to convey in the replenishing
water or other fluids, and to disperse or shower the same against the sides and
over the counter-head or platform, by the heat of which a great part of the.
water or other fluid will be rarified or expanded before it discends to the
surface of the water or other fluid that is boyling below it; but the water or
other fluid conveyed in this way must be first made hot to prevent its.
condensing the steam or vapour.
And whereas in distilling in the common practice and method now in use, is
to condense the steam or vapour in a long pipe or worm placed in a vessell of
cold water, the new method of me, the said John Payne, is as the form of
my new invented boyler or still, is made long, so the head or beak is to be
made long also, and come bending over the side of the vessell or boyler, and
the beak to be fitted into a flat condenser, made tight or close with metall
plates, or it may in some cases be of wood, the dimensions of which must be
proportionable to the bigness of the boyler, still, or evaporating vessel; and

page_text: this condensing vessell is to be placed in a back or vessell of cold water with
proper conveyances thro' the same into a receiver or receivers.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Payne, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of January, in the tenth year of the raigne
of our Sovereign Lord George the Second, by the Grace of God of
Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, and
so forth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and
thirty-six