Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
I, JOIN LANCASTER, of 233, Hainhault Road, Leytonstone, in the County of
Essex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
My invention relates to detachable pneumatic tyres as used upon the wheels
of bicycles, tricycles, motor cars, and similar manual and mechanically propelled
machines, and consists of improvements in the construction and arrangement of
the outer cover or envelope, and in the manner of, and means for, connecting this
to the rim of the wheel, and has for its object to provide a quicker and more easy
and ready means of removing and replacing such cover or envelope to gain access
to the inner tube or air chamber, to effect repairs or renewal.
In carrying my invention into effect, I provide an outer cover or envelope of
the usual materials, and of the usual formation in cross section, but for the pur-
poses of my invention, instead of the said cover or envelope being endless, as
hitherto, I form in this a transverse division or cut, and from each of the ends thus
provided to the centre of the length of the said cover, or thereabouts, I enclose
the edges of each side thereof within or by a binding of any suitable metal or
other hard and rigid material, the said binding of each edge being in two equal
lengths, the divisions in which occur at the opening in the cover and at or about
the centre of its length, the two sections of the said binding upon each edge of
the cover being bent or curved longitudinally to correspond with that of the
curve of the rim of the wheel, so that each said section is in the form of a sector
of a circle, and so bent or formed in cross section, that while adapted to embrace
and hold the said edges of the cover, the same covers the edges of the concave rim
of the wheel, and rests partly within the said concavity.
The ends of the sections of the said metallic or other binding which occur at
the solid portion or centre of the length of the cover or envelope, are bent or
curved, or have other portions rivetted, soldered or otherwise connected thereto,
to form pivots, by which the said ends may be pivotally connected to the rim of
the wheel, by pins, screws, thumb-screws or other suitable means, while their
opposite ends, terminating with the ends of the cover itself, may be fastened to the
rim of the wheel, or to each other or both, by pins or screws, clips, catches, or
other suitable means, which provides, that by disconnecting the last named ends
of the bindings from their fastenings, either or both of these ends, and the ends of
the cover may be raised from the rim sufficiently to permit easy access to any
part of the air tube to effect repairs, or by removing the pins or the like, which
pivotally connect the opposite ends of the sections of the said binding to the rim,
the cover may be entirely removed from the rim, so that the air bag may be
removed and exchanged if desired.
When the cover and its bindings are fixed upon the rim, as stated, the air tube
may be inflated in the usual way, and in order that such inflation may not cause
any portion of the said tube to exude between the ends of the cover; or beneath

page_text: this and between the ends of the sections of the said binding, suitable bands or
straps may be employed embracing the said cover and the rim of the wheel, or
other means may be provided for attaining the same ends.
Dated this 21st day of January 1898.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
No. 1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
I, JOHN LANCASTER, of 223, Hainhault Road, Leytonstone, in the County of
Essex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:―
My invention relates to detachable pneumatic tyres as used upon the wheels
of bicycles, tricycles, motor cars, and similar manual or mechanically propelled
machines, and consists of improvements in the construction and arrangement of
the outer cover or envelope, and in the manner of, and means for connecting the
same to the rim of the wheel, my invention having for its object to provide a
quicker and more easy means for placing and removing the said cover or envelope
upon and from the said rim, to gain access to the inner tube or air chamber, as
compared with the detachable cover hitherto made and used.
For the purpose of rendering my said invention perfectly clear and easily under-
stood, reference is hereinafter made to the accompanying two sheets of drawings,
of which,
Fig. 1 Sheet 1 is a side elevation of a complete wheel of the type named, the
outer cover of the tyre of which is constructed and arranged, and fixed upon the
rim according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of one half of such a wheel as Fig. 1, illustrating
the manner of partly removing the outer cover or envelope to gain access to either
half of the inner tube or air chamber.
Fig. 3 Sheet 2 is a still further enlarged cross sectional view of such a tyre and
rim, while Fig. 4 is a still further enlarged view of a portion of Fig. 3, to more
clearly show the cross sectional formation of the metallic or other binding, and its
position upon the rim of the wheel, more particularly upon a wooden rim.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a metallic bridge or strengthening piece, adaptable
for use in connection with shallow or hollow metallic rims or wooden rims accord-
ing to my invention, Fig. 6 being a cross sectional view of such a wooden rim,
with one of the said bridge pieces in position thereon, for purposes hereinafter
explained.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged side elevation of the two ends of a cover according to my
invention, illustrating a method I may adopt of constructing the said two ends,
for purposes hereinafter referred to.
Fig. 8 is a plan view of a band or strap forming part of my said invention
adapted to cover the junction of the two ends of the said cover as illustrated
by Fig. 9.
In carrying my invention into effect I provide an outer cover or envelope A,
of the usual materials and of the usual formation in cross section, but which instead
of being made endless as hitherto is, for the purposes of my invention, cut or
divided transversely at a point a, and from each of the ends thus provided to the
centre or thereabouts of the length of the said cover, I enclose the edges at each

page_text: side of same within or by a binding of any suitable metal or other hard and rigid
material, the said edges being preferably swelled or extended in substance at their
extremities (Figs. 3 and 4) in order that the said bindings may (when rivetted,
stitched, cemented or otherwise fixed thereon) have a firm and non-slipping hold,
the said binding upon each of the said edges being in two equal lengths B and B¹,
the divisions in which occur at the opening a, and at a point c at or about the
centre of the length of the cover A, (Figs. 1 and 2), the two said sections B and B¹
at each edge of the cover being bent or curved longitudinally to correspond with
that of the curve of the rim C of the wheel upon which the tyre is to be fixed, so
that each section B and B is in the form of a sector of a circle, the said sections
being also bent or formed in cress section substantially as shewn by black lines
in Fig. 3, and in section lines at Fig. 4, so that the edges b of the cover may be
gripped and held between the centre and outer faces of the said bindings, while
the said centre and inner faces grasp and are seated upon the edges of the wheel
rim C, the said inner faces of the said bindings resting partly within the con-
cavity of the said rim.
The ends of the said bindings B and B upon each edge of the cover A, which occur
at the points c, are each provided with a hole by which the said ends may be
pivotally connected to the rim C, by pins, screws, thumb screws or the like d
(Figs. 1 and 2) passing through the said holes and engaging with threaded holes
in the said rim while the opposite ends of B and B₁ (terminating at the points a)
may have like holes e (Figs. 1, 2 and 7) for receiving like screws, pins, thumbscrews
or equivalent clips, catches, or the like f (Figs. 1 and 9).
The air tube or chamber D having been placed within the rim C, and provided
with a charging valve in the usual way, and preferably partly inflated, the cover A
would be placed in position covering the same, the ends c of the bindings B, B',
being first connected to the rim by the means of screws or their equivalents & the
opposite ends a of B and B¹ being then brought down upon the rim and fastened
thereto by the screws or the like f, when the chamber I may be fully inflated, but
in order that the two ends a of the cover may not be separated by such inflation,
I purpose forming upon one end of the said cover an extending piece E, of vulcanite
or highly vulcanized rubber, or other suitable material, the upper or outer surface
of which is provided with ratchet teeth g, a piece of like material having like
teeth being cemented or otherwise fixed upon the inner surface of the opposite
end of the cover A, as shewn in Fig. 7, which provides, that when the tyre is
inflated the outer pressure of the air chamber D would force the teeth g of E up
to and engaging with the teeth h the locking together of which would effectually
prevent the displacement of the two ends of A longitudinally, or a like connection
may be made between the two ends of A by fixing a stud upon the extension E and
forming a hole for its reception in the surface occupied by the teeth h, but which-
ever of these means may be adopted the abutting ends of A. I enclose or cover by
a band or strap G (Fig. 8) of rubber, rubber composition, canvas or other material or
fabric, or any desired combination of like substances, the ends whereof I enclose by
bindings m m (Fig. 8) of metal or other suitably hard material, rivetted cemented or
otherwise fixed thereon, and each provided with a hole with which engages the
screws or their equivalents f before these pass through the ends of B and B₁ as pre-
viously described, the said band then (when inflation is completed) being seated
firmly and closely down upon the ends of A as illustrated by Figs. 1 and 9 which
serve to entirely prevent the bulging out of the ends of A by over inflation of the
tube or chamber D.
To obtain easy access to the tube D for repairs or the like, by first deflating this
and then removing the screws or the like f and the band G, either of the ends
of the tyre A may be turned back upon their pivots d as shewn by Fig. 2, or both,
as suggested by dotted outline in Fig. 1, sufficiently to permit easy access to any
part of the air-chamber D, or by removing the screws or the like d the whole of
the cover A may be taken away from the rim so that D if desired can be entirely
removed.

page_text: In order to adapt my invention for use upon hollow metallic rims in which the
edges are too shallow to entertain a screw-threaded hole being formed therein, or to
adapt my invention for use upon wooden rims, I provide a metallic bridge piece H
(Fig. 5) curved to suit the concavity of the rim C, and provided with one or more
holes r, for the reception of a screw or screws, rivet or rivets s, for fixing the same
upon C, as suggested by Fig. 6, the ends of H being swelled or extended in thick-
ness, and provided with threaded holes t and t¹, one of the said bridge pieces being
fixed upon the rim at each of the points a and c of the cover A, so that the screws
or the like d and f after passing through plain holes in the rim C, may engage
with the threaded holes t and t¹ in H as shewn in Fig. 6.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1st. In pneumatic tyres for vehicle wheels, the combination of a split or divided
detachable cover, each edge of which is encased by a binding of metal or other
rigid material, divided into two parts, each pivotally connected to the rim of the
wheel, with means for securing to the rim the opposite ends of the said bindings,
and means for securing the ends of the said cover substantially as and for the
purposes herein set forth and shewn by the accompanying drawings.
2nd. In pneumatic tyres for vehicle wheels, an outer cover or envelope such as A,
divided transversally at a, the edges of which b are enclosed by a metal or other
binding such as B and B each divided into two portions, pivotally connected at
a point c to the rim C of the wheel, the ends of the said cover at a having ratcheted
surfaces g and h adapted to be locked together by the inflation of the air chamber D,
the said ends being also secured to the said rim C, by screws clips or their equiva-
lents f, and covered by a band or strap G also secured to the rim by f, the whole
connected combined and operating with or without the use of bridge-picces such
as H, substantially as herein described and shewn by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 29th day of April 1898.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.