Improvements in or appertaining to Furnaces.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 8th Sept., 1894
Improvements in or appertaining to Furnaces.
A communication by ANDREAS ALBESER, of 130, Breitenbrunn, Post Pfaffen-
hausen, Bavaria, in the Empire of Germany, Locksmith.
1, GEORGE CECIL DYMOND, M.1. Mech. E., of The Agency for Foreign Patent
Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both in the
County of Lancaster, and.323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention has for its object an apparatus for furnaces, whereby the heating
gases are deprived of their heat, and a portion of the still incompletely consumed
heated gases is conveyed again to the fire, and to do this with as small consumption
of coal as possible. In consequence of the very perfect utilisation of the heating
gases, and the slow movement in the passages formed by this apparatus, a very
great quantity of heat is imparted to the walls of the furnace, and the heating
effect, consequently, of the same is considerably increased.
The invention is shown on the accompanying drawing:-
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the interior of a furnace provided with this
apparatus, the front wall being removed;
Figure 2, a longitudinal section through the furnace ;
Figure 3, a section on line xx of Figure 2;
Figure 4, a longitudinal section through a furnace showing another form of
construction of the apparatus; and
Figure 5, a view of the rear wall of the same, the two side walls being in
section.
This improved apparatus, which is arranged inside the furnace, consists of a rear
wall, side walls, and front heating wall. The rear wall A is formed of two vertical
plates a and b, which, together with the rear wall of the furnace (Figure 4), or a
third plate e (Figure 2), form chambers c and d, through which the fire gases given
off must pass in their course.
In order to attain the desired object, the side walls, as well as the rear wall, may
be constructed in various forms. The form of construction of the apparatus shown
in Figures 1 to 3 will first be described.
In the upper part of the front plate a of the rear hollow wall (Figures 1 and 2),
there are openings a', which may be increased or diminished in size by means of a
slide or damper, and through which the fire gases How into the chamber d. Further,
the front plate is also provided with slits a', which are placed somewhat lower
down, and also constitute a connection between the chamber d and the furnace.
Almost in the centre of the plate, an angle-shaped ridge fis horizontally arranged,
beneath which a cleaning door g is placed, to which a horizontal plate g¹ (Figure 2)
is attached. The latter projects into both chambers c and d and renders it possible
to easily remove the flue dust and ashes. The centre wall & has at its lower end
suitable openings for the purpose of conveying heated gases from the chamber d
into the chamber c, the latter chamber opening into the flue . In order to allow
of the rear wall and the whole apparatus being easily fitted to various sizes of
furnaces, the rear wall is attached to the angle piece of the side wall. This
attachment takes place preferably by means of bolts, which fit into slots in the
walls, so that the longitudinal dimensions of the rear wall may be adjusted. The
wall b, as well as the rear wall e, may be fastened in the inside of the furnace in any

page_text: suitable manner.
The side walls, in the form of construction shown in Figures 1
and 3, consist of vertical plates p (Figures 2 and 3), which, standing at a suitable
distance from the side walls of the furnace, form a chamber i (Figures 1 and 3)
with the same, through which chamber a portion of the fire gases is also caused to
pass. This chamber is open at the top, and stands in direct communication with
the furnace. The heated gases, which flow in above, are conveyed, by means of
suitably shaped and distributed dividers and 2, over the whole surface of the two
plates. By this distribution of the fire gases, a cooling of the same is produced,
consequently these gases descend again, and How out by the lower part through
openings (which are partially covered by means of outwardly sloping cover
plates 7) upwards back into the furnace. In order to also allow of fresh air being
admitted into the furnace, a tube m is provided (Figure 2) enlarged at the front
into the shape of a ball, which is perforated, and through which perforations
fresh air may enter the furnace after it has been previously somewhat warmed in
the tube.
The movement of the heating gases, and the process of combustion then take
place as follows:—
The supply of air takes place normally through the grate in the direction of the
arrows shown in Figures 1 and 2, or through the door (arrow 1, Figure 2). After
the air has passed through, and over the fuel, the heated gases impinge on the
oblique ridge of the rear wall (arrow 2, Figures 1 and 2) and are given an
eddying or whirling motion. A portion of these gases escapes through the
openings a¹ and a² (arrow 3). The other portion is directed against the side walls.
The gases passing through the openings a' and a² are mixed with the fresh air flowing
in through the tube m (arrow 3, Figure 2). The temperature of these gases is
lowered, and consequently they descend also into the lower part of the chamber d,
and escape through the slit (arrow 4) in order to be conveyed by the natural
draught again through the whole furnace flue (arrow 5). The heating gases
entering the upper opening of the side walls are divided by the distributors i¹
(arrow 6), pass over the entire heating surface of the side walls and escape through
the openings (arrow 7) being deflected upwards by the plate and mingling with
the remainder of the hot gases and then issuing through a a', the course already
hereinbefore described.
Another form of construction of the rear and side walls is shown in Figures 4
and 5. The rear wall only undergoes some unimportant alterations, whilst the side
walls are essentially modified. In this form of construction, the side walls are
composed of two vertical plates p and p' (Figure 5) which form between them and
in combination with the side walls of the furnace, two chambers, which communicate
with the furnace by means of openings of suitable dimensions. These openings
may be regulated by means of slides or dampers s and s¹, operated from the outside,
enlarging or diminishing the openings, but it is not possible to entirely close them
by this means. The front chambers, formed by the side and rear walls, and the
two vertical plates p p' communicate with the furnace by means of the openings o
in the upper part of the plates. The rear wall A has in its centre the angle bar f
already hereinbefore described, and below a cleaning door g, which has a slit y
unning obliquely upwards from the surface of the grate. The bar extends
some way into the first chamber, and has for its object to catch a portion of the
heating gases, and convey them again into the furnace. The second wall of
the side walls, as well as of the rear wall, is closed at the top, and perforated at the
bottom, and has also slots at the top for carrying off the gases. These exit openings
may also be regulated by means of adjustable slides or dampers, but in this case
also it is impossible to entirely close them. The movement of the heating gases in
this form of construction (Figures 4 and 5) takes place in the following way :-
The air enters in the ordinary way through the grate, and the door (arrow 1,
Figure 4). The heated gases rebound from the rear wall A (Figure 5), and are
caused by the angle bar to describe an eddying or whirling motion (arrow 2,
Figure 4). A portion of these gases takes the above described course through the

page_text: rear wall (Figure 3, arrow 5), whilst the other part is carried off through side
walls (Figures 4 and 5, arrow 4). According to the position of the slides, the
gases then partially go directly into the rear chamber (arrow 8, Figure 5), or first
into the front chamber (arrow 9), and as they become mixed with fresh air shortly
before their entrance into this chamber, they descend, and partly escape directly
into the rear chamber (arrow 9) and from there into the flue, or partly again into
the fire chamber as they are caught by the inclined bar (arrow 10, Figures 4
and 5). Having reached the furnace in the latter way, they cause an eddying
up of the flame, are more thoroughly burnt, and carried away with the freshly
formed heating gases.
7
Furnaces fitted with the improved apparatus hereiubefore described have a very
good heating effect, because the air is retained for a considerable time in the furnace
in a constant eddying movement, whilst the fuel is utilised to its fullest extent, and
a very large saving in fuel is thereby effected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. An improved apparatus for furnaces, for increasing the heating effect and
simultaneously effecting a saving in fuel, consisting in the arrangement of a box-
shaped metal lining, (provided with an intermediate wall) for the rear and side
walls of the furnace, the rear wall of which lining has a projection on which the
heating gases impinge and are so divided that only a small portion of the same can
escape through the draught openings a¹ and a² into the flues of the furnace
substantially as described and shown on the accompanying drawings.
2. In an apparatus for furnaces such as described in Claim 1, the arrangement of
hollow side linings for the furnace, into which hollow linings the heating gases
rebounding from the rear wall flow from above and are distributed by means of the
distributors and arranged in these side linings, over the whole side walls of
the heating chamber, from which the gases return through the openings & into the
furnace, where, in combination with the air supplied through a tube m, they impart
to the fire a vigorous eddying, rising and descending movement and thereby cause
the heating gases to be thoroughly consumed, substantially as described.
3. A form of construction of the hollow side walls described in Claim 2, con-
sisting of two vertical plates which form with the wall of the furnace a double
chamber, one of which plates is perforated below, whilst in the upper half of both
plates openings are provided, the size of which may be regulated by means of slides
or damper but which openings cannot be entirely closed, substantially as described
and shown on the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 4th day of August 1894.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents.