INOVIRIUNAD Method of and Means for Working and Regulating Gas and Oil Motor Engines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Aug., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 14th May, 1900-Accepted, 11th Aug., 1900
INOVIRIUNAD
Method of and Means for Working and Regulating Gas and Oil
Motor Engines.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Build-
ings, in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (as communicated to me
from abroad by Heinrich Eckhardt, of No. 13, Lutzow-Ufer, Berlin, Germany,
Engineer) to be as follows:-
In gas and oil motor engines of known construction the combustible charge
drawn into the engine cylinder remains in contact with the hot walls of the
cylinder during the suction and compression strokes, whereby it is subject to a
considerable increase in temperature, which unfavourably reduces the weight of
the charge for each cycle of strokes, and renders it necessary to limit the degree
of compression to considerably below the most advantageous end pressure in
order to prevent premature ignition.
The present invention relates to a method of operating and arrangement of
parts whereby the above described disadvantage which is more particularly felt
in large motor engines, is obviated to the greatest possible extent:-
For limiting as much as possible the interval of time during which the gas
and air mixture is exposed to the detrimental action of the hot walls of the
engine cylinder, the combustible charge is, according to the present invention,
drawn into a special mixture pump and is subjected to a preliminary com-
pression to as high a degree as possible in an intermediate chamber.
By cooling this mixture pump, or the intermediate chamber, a greater or
less isothermal condensation can be obtained.
The mixture, thus initially compressed, is led into the engine cylinder from
the intermediate chamber towards the end of the return stroke of the piston.
without appreciable reduction of pressure, and it is there subject to the required
degree of end-compression by the remaining part of the piston's stroke.
The ignition of the charge and its expansion then takes place in the usual
manner.
By thus introducing the combustible mixture into the engine cylinder at a
comparatively high initial pressure, the instroke of the working piston. which
follows the working outstroke can be almost entirely utilised for expelling the
combustion gases, whereby the motor engine can without difficulty be arranged to
work as a twostroke cycle engine.
The hereinafter described construction of gas motor engines is arranged to
work according to the above described method of operating, but it is of course
possible to apply this system of initial compression also to four-stroke, or six-
stroke cycle engines.
As will be seen from the drawing, the cylindrical guide A is utilised as
charging pump of the engine cylinder B in an analogous manner to that described
in the Specification to the Application for Letters Patent No. 11,263 of 1899.

page_text: This pump draws in the prepared combustible mixture and forces it into the
chamber or vessel C which is made of such a size that the pressure of the charge
therein is about equal to one half the end-compression pressure produced in the
engine cylinder. In the latter the expelling period commences at about oths of
the outstroke of the piston, at which moment the discharge valve D is opened.
The closing of this valve is only effected at about 70 to 80 per cent. of the
instroke of the piston, and in consequence hereof, the engine piston is enabled
to expel the combustion gases of the previous working charge from the
cylinder B during nearly the entire instroke.
Immediately after the closing of the discharge valve D the inlet valve E for
the combustible mixture, which is worked with a positive motion, is opened.
and the initially compressed charge now flows from the intermediate chamber C
into the engine cylinder B.
As soon as an equilibrium of pressure is established in these two spaces, the
inlet valve E is closed and the engine piston, during the remaining portion of
its stroke, brings the charge up to the required degree of end-compression.
At the dead centre the ignition is effected in any suitable manner, whereupon
the combustion and expansion period continues during about "ths of the out-
stroke of the piston.
The sooner the gas mixture admission valve E is opened, the greater will be
the quantity of mixture passing into the engine cylinder, and the higher will
be the compression and combustion-end pressure therein. On the other hand,
by retarding the opening of the admission valve E the weight of the charge
admitted to the cylinder will be correspondingly reduced. By this means
therefore, a convenient method of regulating the power of the engine in a
rational manner, by varying the time of opening of the gas mixture inlet valve,
is provided.
With gas motor engines that require to be worked with comparatively large
charges (such as engines worked by generator gas or blast furnace gas) the
effectual expulsion of the combustion residues from the engine cylinder may
be assisted by introducing into the cylinder at the commencement of the expell-
ing stroke, a strong jet of clearing air, and allowing this to act until the discharge
valve is closed, and the introduction of the initially compressed new charge
begins.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Method of and Means for Working and Regulating Gas and Oil
Motor Engines.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Build-
ings, in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (as communicated to me
from abroad by Heinrich Eckhardt, of No. 13, Lutzow-Ufer, Berlin, Germany,
Engineer), and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described, and ascertained in and by the following statement:
-
In gas and oil motor engines of known construction the combustible charge
drawn into the engine cylinder remains in contact with the hot walls of, the
cylinder during the suction and compression strokes, whereby it is subject to a

page_text: considerable increase in temperature, which unfavourably reduces the weight of
the charge for each cycle of strokes, and renders it necessary to limit the degree
of compression to considerably below the most advantageous end pressure in
order to prevent premature ignition.
The present invention relates to a method of operating and arrangement of
parts whereby the above described disadvantage which is more particularly felt
in large motor engines, is obviated to the greatest possible extent:
For limiting as much as possible the interval of time during which the gas
and air mixture is exposed to the detrimental action of the hot walls of the
engine cylinder the combustible charge is, according to the present invention,
drawn into a special mixture pump and is subjected to a preliminary com-
pression to as high a degree as possible in an intermediate chamber.
By cooling this mixture pump, or the intermediate chamber, a greater or
less isothermal compression can be obtained.
The mixture thus initially compressed, is led into the engine cylinder from
the intermediate chamber towards the end of the return stroke of the piston,
without appreciable reduction of pressure, and it is there subject to the required
degree of end-compression by the remaining part of the piston's stroke.
The ignition of the charge and its expansion then takes place in the usual
manner.
By thus introducing the combustible mixture into the engine cylinder at a
comparatively high initial pressure, the instroke of the working piston which
follows the working outstroke can be almost entirely utilised for expelling the
combustion gases, whereby the motor engine can without difficulty be arranged to
work as a two-stroke cycle engine.
The continuous line diagram Fig. 1 of the drawings accompanying this
specification shows the action of an engine working in accordance with this
invention. At the point marked 1 the exhaust begins, at 2 the exhaust gases
are being expelled by the working piston, at 3 the exhaust valve is closed and
the gas mixture admission valve is opened, at 4 the pressure in the intermediate
chamber and the engine cylinder is the same and the admission valve is closed
so that the charge is compressed in the working cylinder up to the point 5 where
it is ignited. The pressure at once rises to point 6 and the gases then expand to
point 1. The broken line diagram shows the regulating action and it is obvious
that by delaying the admission of the gas mixture from point 3 to point 3ª the
quantity of the charge will be diminished and the engine will be regulated.
The hereinafter described construction of gas motor engines is arranged to
work according to the above described methods of operating, but it is of course
possible to apply this system of initial compression also to four-stroke or six-
stroke cycle engines.
In the drawings accompanying this specification Fig. 2 is a longitudinal
vertical section of an engine suitable for this invention and Fig. 3 is a section
on line of Fig. 2.
The cylindrical guide A is utilised as charging pump of the engine cylinder B,
in an analogous manner to that described in the Specification to the Application
for Letters l'atent No. 11,263 of 1899. This pump draws in the prepared
combustible mixture and forces it into the chamber or vessel C which is made of
such a size that the pressure of the charge therein is about equal to one half
the end-compression-pressure produced in the engine cylinder. In the latter
the expelling period commences at about 10ths of the outstroke of the piston,
at which moment the discharge valve E is opened.
The closing of this valve is only effected at about 70 to 80 per cent. of the
instroke of the piston, and in consequence hereof, the engine piston is enabled
to expel the combustion gases of the previous working charge from the
cylinder B during nearly the entire instroke.
Immediately after the closing of the discharge valve E the inlet valve D for
the combustible mixture, which is worked with a positive motion, is opened,

page_text: and the initially compressed charge now flows from the intermediate chamber C
into the engine cylinder B.
As soon as an equilibrium of pressure is established in these two spaces, the
inlet valve D is closed and the engine piston, during the remaining portion of
its stroke, brings the charge up to the required degree of end-compression.
At the dead centre the ignition is effected in any suitable manner, whereupon
the combustion and expansion period continues during about 10ths of the out-
stroke of the piston.
The sooner the gas mixture admission valve D is opened, the greater will be
the quantity of mixture passing into the engine cylinder, and the higher will
be the compression and combustion-end pressure therein. On the other hand,
by retarding the opening of the admission valve D the weight of the charge
admitted to the cylinder will be correspondingly reduced. By this means
therefore, a convenient method of regulating the power of the engine in a
rational manner, by varying the time of opening of the gas mixture inlet valve,
is provided.
With gas motor engines that require to be worked with comparatively large
charges (such as engines worked by generator gas or blast furnace gas) the
effectual expulsion of the combustion residues from the engine cylinder may
be assisted by introducing into the cylinder at the commencement of the expell-
ing stroke, a strong jet of clearing air, and allowing this to act until the discharge.
valve is closed, and the introduction of the initially compressed new charge
begins.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The method of operating and regulating in gas motor engines consisting in
subjecting the combustible charges to an initial compression by a special mixture
pump, which compression approximates to the end-compression-pressure of the
charge in the engine cylinder, and then supplying such initially compressed
charge either directly or from an intermediate chamber into the engine cylinder
towards the end of the instroke of the piston, which then effects the final com-
pression thereof during the remaining part of its stroke, substantially as
described.
2. In a gas motor engine operating as set forth in the first claim, the method
of regulating the power of the engine by varying the time at which the com-
bustible mixture admission valve is opened, whereby a greater or less quantity
of combustible mixture is introduced into the cylinder, substantially as described.
Dated this 14th day of Ver 1900.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.