Improvements in Window Frames and Sashes.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 26th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 16th Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Window Frames and Sashes.
JAMES YOUNG of 8 Stanhope Road Tyne Dock South Shields in the County of
Durham, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
The window frames will be prepared to hang double with axil pullies for vertical
action of Sashes, outside linings, parting beads, and staffbeads, will be groved for
hanging pieces, (hereinafter described) to slide in.
There will be four hanging pieces feathered on face to slide in groves prepared
in frames and weather rabbited on edge to receive stiles of Sashs, two for bottom
sash, and two for top sash, where cords and weights will be attached to work
sashes vertically.
Bottom sash will be prepared with weather rabbited stiles to fit and be hinged to
hanging piece, (befor described) on one side of window frame, and with two
flush bolts secured to sash stile, can bolt into hanging piece, then bottom sash
is ready to be moved by weights vertically.
Top Sash will be prepared same as bottom sash to fit and be hinged to hanging
piece on opposit side from bottom sash, and with two flush bolts secured to stile
of sash, can bolt into hanging piece, then top sash is ready to be moved by
weights vertically.
To clean bottom sash on outside undo Sash fastener on meeting bars, lift sash
up to clear staffbead in frame sill, put sash stop on to receiving hanging piece,
draw flush bolts out, then open sash into room.
To clean top Sash on outside, slide bottom sash up so as top sash will clear it
when brought down to staffbead on frame sill (or open bottom sash as before
described) put sash stop on to receiving hanging piece draw flush bolts out, then
open Sash into room.
1008
JAMES YOUNG.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Window Frames and Sashes.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of 8 Stanhope Road, Tyne Dock, South Shields, in the county
of Durham, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
My Invention relates to frames and sashes of windows constructed to hang double
and to combine in the action of each sash, the ordinary vertical sliding motion by
which the window is opened and closed, with a swinging motion about a vertical axís
to turn each sash inwards and so obtain access to both sides thereof from the room or
area to the inside of the window.
The object of my invention is to improve this class of window frames and sashes in
several details of construction by which facility of the vertical motion of the sashes
with a weather tight fit of the various parts when in use for the ordinary purposes of
opening and closing the window, are combined with simple and effective means for
releasing the sash stile at the shutting side to turn the sash into the room or building
on the hinges or the like provided on the sash stile at the hanging side; further
objects of my invention are to provide automatic stops for preventing the hanging
pieces at the shutting side of the sash from being drawn up violently to the top of the
pulley stile, when on releasing the sashes therefrom the said hanging pieces are over
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weighted by the sash balance weights to which they are connected. I also provide
means to attach the balance weight cords to their respective hanging pieces without
disturbing the staff beads or parting beads. In the accompanying drawings which
illustrate the class of windows to which iny invention is applicable, furnished or fitted
up with the several improvements which are included in my invention.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a double sashed window viewed from the side
towards which the sashes swing open, but showing the sashes closed both with regard
to their sliding motion and swinging motion: Figure 2 is a sectional plan of the
window frame and both sashes, with the top sash let down to bring the two sashes and
four hanging pieces into sectional view, and is drawn to a larger scale: Figures 3
and 4 are vertical part sectional views taken on linea of Figure 1 and drawn to the
same scale, Figure 3 looking towards the shutting side of the window frame with the
sashes removed, and Figure 4 looking towards the hanging side of the window frame
with the bottom sash open and the top sash closed. Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 illustrate
to an enlarged scale the various devices employed in carrying my invention into effect
as hereindescribed. In the Figures the bottom or inside sash a fitted in between the
hanging pieces 16 is slightly wider than the top sash a similarly fitted in between
the hanging pieces 62 62, to enable the top sash a² to swing past the hanging pieces 61 61
of the bottom sash. In order to ensure the same reliability of vertical sliding action
and weather tightness in this class of windows, as in windows constructed only with
the vertical sliding action in the sashes, and which therefore consist of fewer parts, I
prefer the hanging pieces to be feathered in face with strips of hard wood forming the
tongues cc² which slide in grooves prepared in the frames as shown more particularly
in Figure 2, in which the hanging pieces 62 62 of the top sash are single tongued, but
the hanging pieces of the bottom sash are double tongued to keep them in close
and clear of the top sash, which is just sufficiently reduced in width to swing past
them:
The sash stiles are made weather tight in all states of the wood by weather rabbetting
the edges of the hanging pieces to receive the edges of the sash stiles, in addition to
which, the hanging pieces and sash stiles are tongue and groove jointed at the hanging
side, and are double tapered at the shutting side as shown in Figure 2 and to an
enlarged scale in Figure 6, the tapered surfaces being nipped together by one or more
dove tailed keeps, of which the tongues d¹ d² on the hanging pieces 66 are shown in
position in Figure 3, the recesses for which ele² in the stiles of the sashes a¹ a² are
similarly shown in position in Figure 4; these dove tailed keeps serve to guide the
sashes into their exact position between the hanging pieces and for nipping these
parts together to keep them weather tight when closed, but do not prevent the sashes
from opening into the room. To keep the sashes locked in position between the
hanging pieces, I provide one or more flush bolts which I construct as shown more
particularly in Figures 5 and 6 in front and sectional view respectively, with the sash
stile locked to the hanging piece. The bolt or catch behind the plate y works into a
socket in a manner too simple to require explanation, the whole device being let in
flush with the face of the sash stile If unprovided for, the immediate effect of opening
the sashes into the room is that the overweighted hanging pieces would be pulled up
with a rush at the shutting side of the window, whilst the unbalanced window sashes
would run down with a rush at the hanging side of the window. I overcome this
difficulty by providing automatic stop pieces h¹² working in slots in the upper part
of the pulley stiles at the shutting side of the window frame, and an adjustable stop or
button k working in a recess in the staff bead at the hanging side of the window
frame; the action of these stops is as follows: the automatic stops ³ ³ illustrated in
Figures 1 and 3 consist of metal plates of an irregular triangular figure, such as can
be suspended on pins with their broad parts downwards, and a corner projecting out
of the slot by which the hanging pieces h¹² are stopped as they rush upwards; these
automatic stops are easily pushed back to lift the sashes up above them, and do
not obstruct the sashes when drawn down again. The adjustable stop or button k
which is illustrated more particularly in Figures 7 and 8, is used to hold up the
bottom sash a¹, and is turned about in the inverted position on a pin and in a recess

page_text: in the hanging side staff bead, out of which it projects into a recess in the hanging
piece when required to hold up the bottom sash a¹. Figure 9 illustrates my improved
mode of attachinent of the balance weight cords to the hanging pieces, which cords
are threaded through the grooves I, at the back of the hanging pieces, and through
the tapered holes m which are throttled at the bend by the back plates n, by which
the cord when furnished with a tag or knot at the end, obtains a secure hold of the
hanging piece. The same result can also be effected by constructing the hole m of
two sizes, the front of the hole being large enough to admit the tag or knot, and
the back part narrow enough to pass the cord only.
To clean the bottom sash a¹ on the outside, lift the sash up to automatic stop h³,
turn the adjustable stop or button k, into the hanging piece, draw the flush bolts out,
and open the sash into the room. To clean the top sash a² on the outside, slide the
bottom sash a' up high enough so that the top sash a¹ will clear it when brought
down to staff bead, in frame sill, turn the stop or buttom k into the receiveing
hanging piece b¹ to hold up the sash a', draw the flush bolts out, and then open the
sash a¹ into the room; or sash a¹ can first be opened into the room and then sash a².
If it is desired to support the top sash a² in some intermediate position to open
it into the room, this can be done by means of an adjustable stop or button
similar to k.
Having now described the several details of construction which constitute my
improvements in window frames and sashes, and in what manner and for what
purposes they are used, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine myself to
the exact shape, construction and arrangement of the several parts herein described,
as the improvements constituting my invention are susceptible of modification to
adapt them to differently designed sashes and casements, such for instance as con-
structing the window frame to open the sashes from opposite sides of the casement
instead of the same side as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, or by dispensing
with some of my improved details of construction whilst others are retained, but what
I claim in respect of window frames and sashes of the kind herein referred
to is:-
Firstly. The herein described dove tail keeps by which the sash stiles and hanging
pieces are nipped together to form weather tight joints at the shutting side of the
casement in all states of the wood.
Secondly. The hereindescribed flush bolts, by which the sashes and hanging pieces
are locked together when the sashes are not intended to open into the room.
Thirdly. The herein before described automatic stops k¹ k³, by which the shutting side
hanging pieces are prevented from rushing violently up to the top of the pulley stiles
when the sashes are opened into the room.
Fourthly. The herein described mode of attachment of the balance weight cords to
the hanging pieces, whereby they can be connected or disconnected as required without
disturbing the staff or parting beads.
Fifthly. The combination of parts as a whole constructed, arranged and fitted
together for effecting the operations and purposes set forth in the four previous claims
and described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 25th day of September 1000
G. J. CLARKSON,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the Applicant.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the Applicant.