Improvements in the Axle Bearings and Rims of Wheels for Vehicles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 8th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 13th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Axle Bearings and Rims of Wheels for
Vehicles.
I GEORGE LAMB SCOTT of 18 Nelson Street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
an
My invention relates primarily to the bearings of wheels for vehicles and
secondarily to the rims or tyres of such wheels. My improved axle bearing is
intended to supplant the usual Collinge and other axle bearings and to give
extended and more widely developed bearing which shall be more steady, noiseless,
economical and lasting. I depart altogether from the usual prolonged journal and
I fix upon the end of the axle two caps or cups having inclined machined faces
which constitute the bearing. Between the said cups I introduce a ring having
also inclined turned faces which work in contact with the inclined faces on the
cups. These inclined bearing faces can be made of any suitable diameter and
depth so as to give a steady and extended bearing. The interior of the cups,
presents a hollow chamber into which lubricant either liquid or solid can be
poured through an inlet plug-hole. The interposed revolvable ring thus supported
between the cups, carries the inner ends of the spokes attached thereto in any
convenient manner, the ring taking the place of the usual revolving hub. To
prevent the lubricant from leaking past the inclined bearing surfaces and also to
prevent the entry of dust or grit to the bearings, I place leather washers or packing
rings over the outer edge of the joints or surfaces. Wear might be compensated
for by adjusting the cups closer together. The arrangement may be modified in
detail. Thus instead of inclined bearing surfaces as described I might make the
hub ring with a horizontal flat bearing surface and confine it between ring stops or
flanges one or both of which might be made removable or adjustable so as to admit
of the application of the hub ring or for tightening up so as to compensate for wear.
My improvements might be applied to existing hubs by reducing the hub and
slipping the necessary seat with either inclined or straight or horizontal bearing
surfaces formed in or on the seat so as to receive and support the hub ring as
described, lubrication being effected in the indicated or in the ordinary manner.
Following the same arrangement the fixed cups might be made to serve as a
support for a seat to receive the revolvable hub ring. The hub ring might have
the circumference perforated at intervals and the perforations filled with wood or
other deadening material to reduce vibration and noise.
The improvements relating to the rim consist in surrounding the rim with a layer
of asbestos or other similar indestructible or non-combustible material of a nature
which will stop vibration or deaden noise.
The metal tyre is then shrunk on and the asbestos or similar material prevents
charring of the wood or destruction or deterioration of the other material such as
"woodite," paper or other composition composing the rim or the filling of the rim.
The asbestos when such is used, remains unaffected by the heat of the tyre and
effects the desired isolation of the rim from the tyre.
My invention is applicable to all sorts of wheels for carriages and vehicles
whether for pleasure work or war.
Dated this 7th day of December 1893.
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents.

page_text: Improvements in the Axle Bearings and Rims of Wheels for
Vehicles.
I GEORGE LAMB SCOTT of 18 Nelson Street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
drawings:-
My invention relates primarily to the bearings of wheels for vehicles and
secondarily to the rims or tyres of such wheels.
To render the invention clearly understood I have attached hereto a sheet of
illustrative drawings to which I will now refer.
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 relate to the improved axle bearings.
The remaining figs. illustrate the improved wheel rim.
My improved axle bearing is intended to supplant the usual Collinge and other
axle bearings and to give an extended and more widely developed bearing which
shall be more steady, noiseless, economical and lasting.
I depart altogether from the usual prolonged journal and as shown in Fig. 1
I fix upon the end of the axle a two caps or cups b, having inner inclined'
machined faces which constitute the bearing. The cap b is fixed to the axle by a
pin 2 while the cup b¹ is secured by a set screw 3. Between the said cups I
introduce a ring chaving also inclined turned faces which work in contact with the
inclined faces on the cups bb'.
These inclined bearing faces on the cups baud on the ring c can be made of
any suitable diameter and depth so as to give a steady and extended bearing. The
interior of the cups, presents a hollow chamber as shown in the fig. into which
lubricant either liquid or solid can be poured through an inlet plug-hole the said
lubricant lubricating the inclined surfaces.
The interposed revolvable ring c thus supported between the cups bb carries the
inner ends of the spokes d which are attached thereto in any convenient manner,
the ring e taking the place of the usual revolving hub. In the example the spoke
butts are held between the side washers hh, independently applied, the spoke butts
being cramped between the washers by bolts ii. These confining washers or
flanges might however be formed in one with the ring c.
To prevent the lubricant from leaking past the inclined bearing surfaces and also
to prevent the entry of dust or grit to the bearings, I place leather washers or
packing rings e e over the outer edge of the joints or surfaces between the cups bb'
and the washers hh. Wear might be compensated for by adjusting the cups
closer together and this might be done by means of adjusting nuts on the axle ends.
The arrangement may be modified in detail. Thus instead of inclined bearing
surfaces on the cups 66 and ring e as described I might as shown in Fig. 2 make
the hub ring c with a horizontal flat bearing surface and confine it between ring
stops or flanges fone or both of which might be made removable or adjustable
so as to admit of the application of the hub ring or for tightening up so as to
compensate for wear. For example I might screw on the stop ring or flange ƒ' as
shown and set it forward from time to time so as to take up wear. The ring g
which carries the flanges ff is slipped over and secured to the cups 6 6¹ so as to
provide the flat cylindrical surface upon which the hub ring c revolves. The
remaining parts of the arrangement are similar and are lettered similarly to
the parts in Fig. 1 except that instead of the pin b, I use a tapered cottar to
secure the ring b to the axle.
My improvements might be applied to existing wooden hubs in the manner

page_text: shown in Fig. 3 by reducing the hub and slipping the necessary seat ring 9 with
either inclined or straight or horizontal bearing surfaces formed in or on the seat
ring so as to receive and support the hub ring c as described, lubrication being
effected through the oil hole for example or in any other convenient manner.
The hub ring might have its circumference perforated at intervals and the
perforations filled with plugs m of wood or other deadening material to reduce
vibration and noise.
The improvements relating to the rims of wheels are illustrated in Figs. 4, 5
and 6 of the drawings.
The rim n of the wheel is surrounded with a layer o of asbestos or other
preferably non-combustible material of a similar nature, or of a nature calculated
to stop vibration or deaden noise. I then shrink on the usual metal tyre p and the
bracing together of the wheel is effected without any charring or deterioration of
the wooden or other rim. In conjunction with the asbestos lining I prefer to use a
layer of rubber or other elastic material such as woodite, paper or other vibration
absorbing composition or material. When using a thickness of rubber for example,
it is apparent that it would not do to shrink the metal tyre directly over the
rubber, as the rubber would be destroyed or rendered useless for its purpose. It is
necessary to interpose a protecting thickness which will not conduct heat rapidly
from the tyre to the rubber.
My invention provides for this as the asbestos surrounding the rubber and
interposed between the hot tyre and the rubber on the rim, preserves the rubber
from injury and allows the tyre to be shrunk over it without any deteriorating
results. The rim might either be surrounded by a covering or filling of rubber or
other vibration absorbent or it might be bodily composed of some such suitable
material or composition. In some cases as in Fig. 6 the rim might consist of an
metal trough with a filling of rubber or other vibration absorbent. The asbestos
night either be applied to the rubber in the form of a strip of asbestos fabric, or it
might be applied in the form of asbestos paint. The simplest form of my invention
and a form which I have practically proved to be useful is, as shown in Fig. 7,
simply to cover the usual rim with a thickness 9 of rubber, and then serve the
thickness of rubber with a coat o of asbestos paint. The metal tyre p may then
be shrunk on without fear of injury to the rubber. The rims of existing wheels
can easily be treated in accordance with my invention, by removing the tyre,
turning the rim a little down, applying the rubber thickness, painting the same
with asbestos paint and then shrinking on the tyre once more in position.
My invention is applicable to all sorts of wheels for carriages and vehicles
whether for pleasure, work or war.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. The general arrangements, construction and combination of the bearings for
the wheels of vehicles, substantially as described and as illustrated in Figs. 1,
and 3 of the drawings.
2. As constituting a bearing for the wheels of vehicles the hollow cups or
bodies capable of containing lubricant the said cups being secured to the axle
and formed with inclined bearing surfaces, in combination with a revolvable hub
ring carrying the spokes and furnished with corresponding inclined bearing
surfaces and mounted between the aforesaid cups so as to revolve in contact,
substantially as described and as shown in Fig. 1.
b
3. A wheel bearing consisting of the two hollow cups carrying a seat ring y
furnished with flanges or stops ff' in combination with a revolvable hub ring c to
which the spokes are attached substantially as described and as shown in Fig. 2 of
the drawings.
4. As a wheel bearing, the modified form of bearing illustrated in Fig. 3 of the
drawings.

page_text: 5. In a wheel rim having a circumferential packing or thickness of rubber or
other similar sound or vibration absorbing material, interposing a thickness or coat
of asbestos or other non-combustible substance or composition between the shrunk
on metal tyre and the said rubber or vibration absorbent in the manner, for the
purposes and substantially as herein before described and as illustrated in Figs. 4 to 7
of the drawings.
6. Interposing a thickness or coating of asbestos or other non-combustible
material between the circumference of a wheel rim and the shrunk-on metal tyre,
for the purposes and substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 7th day of September 1894.
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents.