Improvements in Machinery for Grinding, ng, g, dyinĎ, and otherwise Preparing Materials for the Manufacture of Paper.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 31st July, 1886.
Complete Left, 30th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 31st May, 1887.
Improvements in Machinery for Grinding, ng, g, dyinĎ,
and otherwise Preparing Materials for the Manufacture of Paper.
I, RUDOLF KRON, Engineer, of Unterstrass, Zurich, Switzerland, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The present invention has for its object to render the stirring or mixing and circula-
tion of the paper stuff independent of the motion or work of the knife roller, also to
stir the paper stuff thoroughly and automatically at every charge of the trough
or vat.
Rag engines of this kind are especially useful in the modern manufacturing processes
which use many substitutes for the ordinary raw material. With my machine the
hard fibres may be subjected to a preliminary grinding to any desired extent, after
which the weaker fibres and the other admixtures are gradually introduced.
The charge may be only a fraction of the total capacity, without altering the quality
of the work.
These new machines may be employed for grinding, washing and bleaching ordinary
half stuff inade from rags, as well as for dissolving, grinding and bleaching straw,
alfa, cellulose, or for washing the bleached material, for fine-grinding, mixing, beating,
sizing and dyeing the fine stuff or pulp.
In ordinary rag-engines the knife roller situated in the vat, serves not only for
grinding the paper stuff, but also for transporting or propelling and consequently for
mixing the same.
The new machine, on the contrary, has separate stirring and propelling or equivalent
transporting mechanism, for mixing and propelling the stuff.

page_text: This modification ensures better and quicker work, and economy of motive power,
it also simplifies the maintenance and attendance, and renders it possible to use
ground works in the shape of rollers.
In the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a rag engine with
separate mechanism for propelling the paper stuff and carrying it beyond the knife
roller. Fig. 2 is a half section along the line,-M M', Ni N; and a half section
along the line,-P P¹, QQ of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan of the machine.
The machine represented in the drawing is provided with grinding rollers, but any
arrangement of knife rollers with groundworks may be employed instead.
A is the pulp trough, made so that the part containing the rollers and that situated
behind it, form two separate pieces. The main canal a¹, situated immediately behind the
grinding rollers or the knife roller, is separated from the lateral canal a' by partitions a,
except at the rear part of the trough. Underneath the rollers B and B¹, or the roller B
and its ground work B¹ is situated a space C into which terminate the canals a³,
forming the continuation of a². The canals a³ thus connect the canals a' with the
space C.
Between the canals a' and the space C is mounted the stirring or mixing mechanism,
or the transporting mechanism such as the propeller b. A canal D extends from the
space C upward in front of the rollers B B or the knife roller B. The roller B is
surmounted with a lid or casing e, and in front of the casing there is a slide d for
regulating the passage of pulp or paper stuff, that is to say for separating the quantity
of stuff which is to be ground again (after its passage through canal d') from that
portion which is to be conducted above the lid e directly (that is to say without
grinding) into the canal a¹. Behind the roller B the two portions of the material are
again mixed in the canal a¹. Of course, the slide d may be regulated so as to close
the canal d' entirely, in which case the engine only serves for mixing and similar
operations. The slide may also be so arranged, that in its position and with a slower
speed of rotation of the propeller the overflow is entirely prevented, and therefore the
whole paper mass subjected to the grinding process.
By varying the number of revolutions of the propeller or of the pump various mixing
effects may be produced, the propeller acting as a stirring apparatus also with a slower
speed of revolution and with different types of grinding mechanism. The mere
separation of the paper stuff or pulp in passing from a¹ to a and the re-union of the
separated portions in the space C, serves to mix the material.
Owing to the fact that the pulp trough is completely open and accessible as in the
ordinary rag engines, in_contradistinction to the system of superposition of canals,
(such as Umpherston, Brodie, and Hoyt engines), washing drums can be applied so
as to admit of easy mounting and supervision.
The pulley R¹ sets in motion the stirring and propeller shaft, while the pulley R
serves to turn the cutting or grinding roller. As the circulation of the material is
produced by the propeller b, the knives or cutters of knife rollers need not be so
arranged that the roller B constitutes the only transporting mechanism, that is to say
the large interstices between the two contiguous series of cutters, which interstices
serve as scoops, may be omitted and replaced by additional grinding organs. This is
the reason why a grooved roller B, made of any suitable material, and smaller rollers,
may be employed.
the same as
For the same reason a roller B¹ may be employed as groundwork. Such an
application of two rollers, B and B', is for instance, shown by the drawing.
The arrangement of the trough and canals, in using knife rollers,
shown by the drawing. If grinding rollers B and B are employed they may be placed
side by side or one over the other. The action of the propeller and the arrangement
for mixing and regulating the quantity of stuff remain similar whether knife rollers
or grooved grinding rollers are used and independently of their special arrangement.
The partition serves to separate the ascending passage D from the roller B¹, or
from the groundwork and the knife roller. The ground material flows into the canal a¹
of the trough, which also receives the stuff coming from the overflow.

page_text: The whole of the material may be made to pass between the rollers B and B¹, or
between the knife roller B and the ground work B' by the motion of the rollers as well
as by the action of the propeller. The latter modification resembles most closely the
ordinary rag or pulp engines, owing to the arrangement of the knife roller B and the
groundwork B. Besides the new arrangement of the canals a¹, a², a³, C, D, and
the division of the paper stuff as described, it is the stirrer or propeller 6 situated in
the passage for the paper stuff between the trough and the grinding roller which form
a prominent feature of novelty in this machine. In conclusion may be remarked that
the construction of the machine may be modified by omitting the separation of the
stuff immediately behind a¹, while still retaining the principle of grinding the stuff
through the canal a a³ (that is to say a single canal) below the roller B and again in
front of the same.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433 Strand, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Machinery for Grinding, Mixing, Sizing, Dyeing,
and otherwise Preparing Materials for the Manufacture of Paper.
I, RUDOLF KRON, Engineer, of Unterstrass, in the Canton of Zürich, Switzerland,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the saine is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The present invention has for its object to render the stirring or mixing and circula-
tion of the paper stuff independent of the motion or work of the knife roller, also to
stir the paper stuff thoroughly and automatically whether the trough or vat is more or
less full.
Rag-engines of this kind are especially useful in the modern manufacturing pro-
cesses which use many substitutes for the ordinary raw material. With my machine
the hard fibres may
be subjected to a preliminary grinding to any desired extent,
after which the weaker fibres and the other admixtures are gradually introduced.
The charge may be only a portion of the total capacity, without altering the quality
of the work.
These new machines may be employed for grinding, washing and bleaching ordinary
half stuff made from rags, as well as for dissolving, grinding and bleaching straw,
alfa, cellulose, or for washing the bleached material, for fine-grinding, mixing, beating,
sizing or dyeing the fine stuff or pulp.
In ordinary rag-engines the knife roller situated in the trough, serves not only for
grinding the paper stuff, but also for transporting or propelling and consequently for
mixing the same.
The new machine, on the contrary, has separate stirring and propelling or equivalent
transporting mechanism for mixing and propelling the stuff.
This modification ensures better and quicker work, and economy of motive power,
it also simplifies the maintenance and attendance, and it also enables one to use ground
works in the shape of rollers.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. I. is a longitudinal section of a rag-engine of the new system, with a knife
roller and division of the paper stuff.
Fig. II. a section through the knife roller and mixing canal (see line H-I.)
Fig. III. is partly a plan with section through the knife roller, and partly a horizontal
section along the line P P Q¹ Q.
Figs. IV. to IX. represent modifications of the new system,
Fig. IV. being a longitudinal section of a rag engine with a knife roller and without
division of the stuff.
Fig. V. is partly a plan of Fig. IV. and partly a section along line P P¹ Q¹ Q of
the same.
Fig. VI. is a longitudinal section of a rag-engine with two rollers and with division
of the stuff.

page_text: Fig. 1. is partly a sectional plan along line M MINN, and partly a horizontal
section along line P P¹ Q¹ Q.
Fig. VIII. is a longitudinal section of a rag-engine with vertically superposed
rollers, and without division of the paper stuff.
Fig. IX. is a longitudinal section of a rag-engine with rollers placed side by side,
and with division of the paper stuff.
The same or corresponding organs are designated with the same letters in the
different figures.
A is the pulp trough, or paper trough, shewn in all figures as being composed of
two parts, namely that which contains the rollers and that which contains the washing
drum, indicated in Figs. I. & III. to V.
A rag-engine of the new system with a knife roller and with division of the paper
stuff is represented by figs. I. to III.; I will therefore first describe the invention by
referring to these figures.
The main or central channel a¹ situated behind the knife roller B is separated from
the side channels a² with the exception of the rear-most part, by partitions a. Under-
neath the roller B and its groundwork B' is situated a space Cinto which terminate
the canals a³ (Fig. III.) forming a continuation of the canals a³. The canals a³ there-
fore serve to connect the canals a² with the space C. Between the canals a³ and the
space Care situated the stirring and mixing or transporting organs, for instance the
propellers b. A canal D leads from the space C upward to the front of the knife
roller B. Over the knife roller B there is a cover e, and in front of the latter there
is a slide d for regulating the quantity of paper stuff, that is to say for separating the
portion that is to be ground again, (by passing through the feed opening d¹) from
that which is conducted over the cover e into the trough a, without being subjected
to any grinding action. The hand-wheel do serves to regulate the position of the
slide d. Behind the knife roller the two portions of the paper stuff are again united
and mixed with each other in the canal a¹. The slide d may, of course, be placed
so as to completely close the feed opening d¹, so that the rag-engine only serves for
mixing and similar operations.
Or the slide d may be placed so, that with a diminished speed of the propeller
and with the channel d¹ open, the overflow is entirely prevented, and the whole
quantity of the paper stuff passing through the canal D is subjected to the grinding
process.
By a suitable choice of the speed of the propeller or pump, the mixing operation
may be controlled and varied within wide limits, in as much as the propeller will act
as a stirrer, even when revolving with a slow speed and when used in any of the types
of rag-engines represented by Figs. I. to IX.
The mere division of the stuff in passing from a' into a³ and the subsequent re-union
in the space C will also serve to produce a mixture.
As the trough is completely open, in contradistinction to the system with super-
posed canals (such as Umpherston's, Brodie's and Hoyt's engines) washing drums W
(as for instance in Fig. I.) may be so arranged that they can be easily mounted and
inspected.
The pulley R¹ serves to turn the shaft 6° of the stirrer and propeller in the mixing
canal (.; b is an additional stirring or mixing appliance, which may be mounted
on the shaft 6° if desired.
A valve or flap n serving to close the discharge pipe o may be operated by the
spindle n', lever n² and handle m, as illustrated in Fig. I. The pulley R² serves to
turn the cutter shaft or main shaft of the rag-engine, and the hand wheel B° acts
on a well known mechanism for varying the distance between the roller B and the
ground work B¹.
As the circulation of the stuff is produced by the propeller b, the knives of the roller B
need not be arranged in the same manner, as when the roller B constitutes the only
transporting appliance, that is, the large interstices or blanks usually left between the
two adjoining series of knives and serving as buckets, may be omitted and their place
occupied by additional grinding organs. Consequently a grooved roller B of any

page_text: suitable material may be employed, and the diameter of the roller may be considerably
smaller than that hitherto used.
The washing drum W may have any desired construction; according to Figs. I.
& III. its contents are discharged into a discharge trough or canal W¹. The pulley Wo
and toothgearing serve to turn the washing drum. Z is an ordinary feeding
apparatus.
The modified construction represented by Figs. IV. & V. approaches most closely
the ordinary rag-engine; it combines the knife roller B, ground work B¹ and saddle
with the new arrangement of the canal for the division of the paper stuff and with the
employment of a propeller. In this case the whole of the stuff passes between the
knife roller B and the ground work B¹, the overflow e and slide d being omitted.
The application of two rollers B and B is illustrated by Figs. VI. to IX. In the
modified construction Figs. VI. & VII. the arrangement of the canal and propeller is
similar to that shown in Figs. I. to III.; Fig. VI. shows also a cover e and slide d
for causing a portion of the paper stuff to pass into the canal a¹ without having been
subjected to the grinding process. The rollers. B and B₁, situated side by side and at
different levels, take the place of the ordinary knife roller Band of its ground work B¹
(Fig. 1.); the partition separates the canal D from the roller B¹. The partition f
extending up to the roller B₁ prevents the stuff from being carried under the roller in
the direction of its rotation. The material to be ground passes through the opening d
between the rollers, while the paper stuff which is not to be ground passes over the
lide into the canal a'.
Fig. VIII. shows grinding rollers B and B₁ placed vertically over each other, and
without an overflow, so that the whole of the paper stuff passes between the rollers,
being propelled by the screw b and also drawn in by the motion of the rollers.
Fig. IX. represents a machine with two rollers B and B¹ placed side by side, and
provided with an overflow, under the influence of a propeller. d is the slide for
regulating the proportions between the quantity of the stuff which is to be ground by
the rollers and that which flows over the cover directly into the trough a¹; d' is the
feed-opening for the stuff passing between the rollers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A rag-engine or similar apparatus having canals a³, C, and D arranged and adapted
to conduct the material on its return travel in the manner substantially as described.
2. In rag-engines and similar apparatus, a trough adapted to divide the stuff on its
travel behind the knife roller and to unite the separated portions again below the knife
roller or in front of the same, substantially as described.
3. In rag-engines and similar apparatus of the type indicated by claim 2, mixing
organs or propellers 6 placed in the circulating passage in front of the uniting
chamber C, and adapted to act in the manner substantially as described.
4. In rag-engines and similar apparatus of the type indicated by claim 2, an
ascension canal D situated in front of the rollers B or B₁, and arranged at the top in
such a manner, that the paper stuff may flow off through two canals, one of which
leads to the grinding rollers and the other over the top of the said rollers to the canal a¹
(Figs. I., VI. & IX.), substantially as described.
5. A rag-engine or similar machine adapted to operate in the manner substantially
as described.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London,
Agents for the Applicant.