IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Horace Brandon, Engineer, residing
5, Quai Napoléon, Rouen, France, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY."-A communication from William
Sparks Thomson, Manufacturer, of Boulevard Poissonnière,
Paris.
Sealed the 14th February 1871, and dated the 30th September 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Horace
Brandon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th September 1870.
I, ALEXANDER HORACE BRANDON, Engineer, residing 5, Quai
Napoléon, Rouen, France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
-
My first improvement consists in the construction and use of a
peculiar delivering organ the object of which is to conduct the fibrous
material being operated on in such a manner that its torsion can only
take place on that part of the yarn comprised between the said delivery
organ and a special mechanical agent hereafter referred to. This
delivery organ is composed of four pieces of metal arranged in pairs, one
above the other, a central hole is pierced at the junction of each pair for

page_text: the passage of the fibrous material, and the two halves of each pair are
pressed together by an india-rubber ring with sufficient force to prevent
the twist formed below from passing above, but at the same time the said
ring is sufficiently yielding to allow the passage of knots and limited
irregularities of the sliver.
My second improvement consists in the use of a grooved pulley, keyed
on the flyer spindle, and round the groove of which I cause the yarn
coming from the above-mentioned pressure boxes to pass; in consequence
of the acuteness or sharp angle of this groove its action consists in
drawing forward the yarn twisted, the amount drawn forward varying
automatically with its diameter, thus, the larger the thread the greater
the amount drawn forward in consequence of it, the thread occupying
in the groove a position of necessity more distant from the centre.
My third improvement has reference to the spindle of my spinning
machine, which spindle I form in three parts, the lowest runs in a foot-
step and imparts motion to the bobbing, the middle or central one is
jointed to the said lower part by means of a pin or bolt, and the upper
part of the said spindle is united to the upper end of central part by a
sliding coupling so that these two parts can be readily disconnected and
reconnected, this upper part imparts motion to the ordinary flyer as well
as to the pulley above referred to, whilst a sleeve adjusted and running
on the said shaft gives motion to a smaller flyer above which puts the
twist into the yarn.
When it is required to change a bobbin the ordinary frame with the
bobbin resting on it is lowered to its utmost limit, the upper extremity
of the central part of spindle is disconnected from the lower extremities
of the upper part by disconnecting the sliding coupling and then the
central part working on the joint connecting it to the lower part as a
centre is inclined sufficiently forward for the purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, a
filed by the said Alexander Horace Brandon in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 30th March 1871.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Horace Brandon, Her special
licence that I, the said Alexander Horace Brandon, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Horace
Brandon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY," being a communication to me
by William Sparks Thomson, Manufacturer, of Boulevard Poissonnière,
Paris, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander
Horace Brandon, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Horace Brandon, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say) :-
My first improvement consists in the construction and use of a
peculiar delivering organ, the object of which is to conduct the fibrous
material being operated on in such a manner that its torsion can only
take place on that part of the yarn comprised between the said delivery
organ and a special mechanical agent hereafter referred to. This
delivery organ is composed of four pieces of metal arranged in pairs one
above the other, a central hole is pierced at the junction of each pair for
the passage of the fibrous material and the two halves of each pair are
pressed together by an india-rubber ring with sufficient force to prevent
the twist formed below from passing above, but at the same time the said

page_text: ring is sufficiently yielding to allow the passage of knots and limited
irregularities of the sliver.
My second improvement consists in the use of a grooved pulley keyed
on the flyer spindle, and round the groove of which I cause the yarn
coming from the above-mentioned pressure boxes to pass; in conse-
quence of the acuteness or sharp angle of this groove its action
consists in drawing forward the yarn twisted, the amount drawn forward
varying automatically with its diameter, thus, the larger the thread the
greater the amount drawn forward in consequence of it, the thread
occupying in the groove a position of necessity more distant from the
centre.
My third improvement has reference to the spindle of my spinning
machine, which spindle I form in three parts, the lowest runs in a foot-
step and imparts motion to the bobbin, the middle or central one is
jointed to the said lower part by means of a pin or bolt, and the upper
part of the said spindle is united to the upper end of central part by a
sliding coupling so that these two parts can readily be disconnected and
reconnected, this upper part imparts motion to the ordinary flyer as well
as to the V pulley above referred to whilst a sleeve adjusted and running
on the said shaft gives motion to a smaller flyer above, which puts the
twist into the yarn.
When it is required to change a bobbin the ordinary frame with the
bobbin resting on it is lowered to its utmost limit, the upper extremity
of the central part of spindle is disconnected from the lower extremity
of the upper part by disconnecting the sliding coupling, and then central
part working on the joint connecting it to the lower part as a centre is
inclined sufficiently forward for the purpose.
In order that my Invention be clearly understood I will proceed
to explain it conjointly with two accompanying Sheets of Drawings,
the first of which represents a front elevation of a spinning frame
containing four spindles, one of the latter with its accompanying parts
being shewn in section, and the second a lateral elevation of the said
frame.
A, A, are the side frames connected together by cross bars A', A³,
A³, A, and A³, the two latter being shown by dotted lines only in
Sheet II.; B, B1, B2, and B³, are separate uprights arranged one opposite
each spindle; C are vertical driving shafts to which rotary motion is
imparted by means of a strap from any prime mover running on the

page_text: fast pulleys D, D¹, D², and D³; E, E¹, E³, and E³ are loose pullies on
which the driving straps are shifted by the levers F, F1, F2, and F³,
(one of which F only is shown on Sheet I.), when the spindles are
required to remain stationary, each shaft C is provided with three other
pullics G, H, and I, the former G for imparting rotary motion to the
flyers J, J, J, and J³, by means of the pullies K, K¹, K, and K³, which
are keyed to the bushes L, L', L³, and L³ on which the said flyers are
attached, the second H, for imparting rotary motion to the special
mechanical agents M, M', M², and M³, keyed on upper fraction N of
spindle by means of the pulleys 0, 0¹, O³, and Os and the latter I for im-
parting rotary motion to the friction plates P, P1, P2, and P³, on which the
bobbins Q rest by means of the pulleys R, R³, R², and R³, made fast to
the lower fraction S of the main spindle; the bobbins Q rest on three
leather washers set in the face of the said plates P and receive rotary
motion from the same by frictional contact. The speed of the flyer J
is varied by substituting to the pulley G a pulley of a larger or of a
smaller diameter as the case may be. To the upper fractions N of the
spindles are also attached the flyers T, T', T%, and T³, which lay the yarn
on the bobbins, and in order that the said yarns be laid evenly on the
entire height of the bobbins, these latter receive a slow up-and-down
motion by means of the travelling bar T* which is raised and lowered by
a lantern wheel S*, or by any other appropriate mechanism adopted for
the purpose. The sliver to be spun is derived from a can or any other
appropriate vessel, it passes over the inclined stationary spouts B*, and
through the delivering organs U through the eye u, over the two pulleys
u¹ and u², round the grooved pulley M, and rises over the two pulleys u³
and us, from thence it descends through the central opening of the upper
fraction N of the spindle, makes its exit at n, and passing over pulley n¹
and through the eye n² of the flyer T is finally wound on the bobbin Q;
the arrows in Sheets I. and II. serve also to indicate the course followed
by the yarn, which latter is represented in red.
Having thus described the general construction of my spinning frame
I will now more minutely particularise the three improvements which
I have added to the same.
First Improvement. The Delivering Organ.-This mechanism is placed
in a metallic box 6 set on the top of the post B, and is composed of
an upper and lower metallic clip, each of which are made in two halves
maintained together by an indian-rubber spring with a central hole in

page_text: cach pair for the passage of the sliver, the lines of junction of each
clip are preferably at right angles with one another. The strength of
the spring is such that sufficient pressure is brought to bear on the sliver
to prevent its being twisted in the clips themselves, whilst at the same
time it is not so great as to prevent the yarn being drawn through the
clips as required or to arrest the passage of knots or fractions of yarns
exceeding within certain limits its normal size; the employment of
two pairs of clips placed as above stated ensures the formation of a
perfectly cylindrical yarn by the pressure thus brought to bear on its
circumference.
Second Improvement. The Drawing or Feeding Organ.-This organ
consists in a pulley M with a deep conical groove made fast on the
upper fraction N of the spindle, the yarn, as shewn in Sheet I., passes
round nearly the entire circumference of this groove wherein it is so
tightly pinched that it cannot slip and therefore draws forward the yarn
twisted by the flyer J to be wound on the bobbin Q. This pulley M by
means of the tapered groove formed by its two surfaces fulfils the part
of a perfectly self-acting regulator of the twist, for if, as it often occurs,
the sliver or ribbon of the material being spun is not regular in size,
upon reaching this pulley it will of necessity be drawn nearer to or further
from the bottom of the groove, and as a large yarn requires a lesser
number of twists in a given length than a smaller one, it will be seen
that the large yarn being nearer to the outer edge of the pulley is drawn
faster, and consequently receives less twist than the small yarn which
must be nearer to the bottom of the groove; thus, this pulley works auto-
matically in giving the necessary degree of twist to the yarn without
any change in the relative speeds of the flyer and the bobbin carrier.
Third Improvement. The Spindle.--For the purpose of easily placing
an empty bobbin on the spindle, as well as for taking off a bobbin
charged with yarn, I make the spindle in three separate pieces, the
upper one of which N carrying the grooved pulley M receives rotary
motion from its pulley O, whilst the lower piece S runs in a steps and
in a bearing s¹ and receives rotary motion from its pulley R the upper
part of the lower piece S is jointed to the lower part of central piece V
by a pin joint, as shewn in Sheet I., whereby this central piece receives
its rotary motion from the lower piece, and it forces the friction plate P to
turn with it by means of a key way and feather; the upper part of central
piece V is connected to the lower end of the upper piece N by a sliding

page_text: sleeve W. When it is required to replace a bobbin the travelling bar T*
is run down, as shewn in Shcet I., the sleeve W is slid up entirely on
the lower extremity of the upper picce N, and then the central piece V
can be inclined forward to a sufficient extent to allow of the bobbin
charged with yarn being casily drawn off and replaced by an empty
one; the central piece V of spindle is then raised vertically, and the
lower end of the sleeve W brought over its upper extremity, as shewn in
SheetI.
Having thus described my improvements, and the best means that
I am acquainted with for putting the same into practice, I claim as my
Invention,-
Firstly. The mechanical agents or means above described under
the first head of this Invention acting as a delivering organ.
Secondly. The mechanical agent or means above described under the
second head of this Invention acting as a feeding agent, consisting
mainly in the grooved pulley M.
Thirdly. In the peculiar construction and arrangement of the spindle
for the purposes above stated.
And fourthly. In the general arrangement and construction of my
spinning frame, as above described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Horace Brandon, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
Witness,
D. H. BRANDON,
Rouen,
France.
A. H. BRANDON. (L.S.)
Rouen, France.