matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
THE VENTILATION OF GRANARIES, STORE HOUSES, AND PLACES OF DE- POSITE FOR GRAIN WHATSOEVER; AND FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GRINDING OP GRAIN AND DRESSING OF GRIST, AND GRINDING GENERALLY
Year: 1853

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time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crossby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th December 1858.
I, WILLIAM CROSSBY, of Devonshire Street, Sheffield, in the County
of York, Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE VENTILATION OF GRANARIES, STORE HOUSES, AND PLACES OF DE-
POSITE FOR GRAIN WHATSOEVER; AND FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GRINDING
OP GRAIN AND DRESSING OF GRIST, AND GRINDING GENERALLY," to be as
follows:-
To accomplish by the application of a fan and perforated pipes or
tupes (arranged in a manner which shall be deemed the most suitable
according to the construction, formation, or demensions of the place of
deposite,) the ventilation of grain with hot or dry air, so as to con-
duce greatly to its preservation, as also to its preparation for grinding;
and also, by the application of a fan and pipes or tubes, the extraction

page_text: of hot air, and the substitution (in every compartment of the machinery
used for the grinding of grain and dressing of grist, and grinding
generally,) of a constant supply of cold, fresh, or atmospheric air; by
which means the gluten, which, by the present system of grinding and
dressing, is lost, will be retained; also those parts of machinery which,
through the present system of inefficient ventilation, it is found neces-
sary to have exposed and open, it is purposed to cover and enclose, so
that a considerable saving in dust may be effected.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WRITING SLATES. POCKET AND MEMORANDUM BOOKS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th August 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
|time prescribed by the Act.)
T. THOMAS HUGHES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
* AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WRITING SLATES.
POCKET AND MEMORANDUM BOOKS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying a spring clip or holder to slates,
memorandum and pocket books, &c. for the purpose of holding the
pencil to be used therewith. In applying my Invention to slates I
attach a strip of sheet steel or other elastic substance by one of its
ends to the frame of the slate, and its other end bent into a semi-
cylindrical form presses against the said frame. When the pencil is
not in use it is inserted under the loose end of the spring, and is held
between it and the frame of the slate. Or I make the spring fastening
of a strip of india-rubber attached by its two ends to the frame of the
slate.
S

page_text: My Invention is also applicable to memorandum and pocket books,
for the purpose of preventing the loss of the pencils used therewith.
The principle of my Invention consists in securing the pencils used
with slates, pocket memorandum books, writing tablets, &c. to these
several articles by a spring fastening, and thus preventing their loss.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLI- CATION OF CERTAIN EXTRACTS OBTAINED FROM THE ELDER TREE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Napoleon Wilcox at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, CHARLES NAPOLEON WILCOX, of Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLI-
CATION OF CERTAIN EXTRACTS OBTAINED FROM THE ELDER TREE" to be as
follows:-
It relates, firstly, to a peculiar preparation of extracts from elder-
tree leaves and flowers; and,
Secondly, in combinations of fatty matters with such vegetable
extracts.
For the better understanding of my processes I shall now proceed to
give a particular description thereof.
To obtain the extractive matter from the leaves of the elder tree I
first steam them, and, when in a sufficiently pulpy state, I subject them
to the pressure of an hydraulic or other press; or, I sometimes simmer
the leaves in fresh clean fat until the extractive matter is separated. To
operate on the flowers of the elder tree I recommend their being
merely simmered in the fat, as in the previous process.

page_text: The extract obtained from the elder-tree leaves by hot water or
steam may be combined with elaine, or with the fats usually employed for
pomades and other like preparations, and in any desired proportions.
Although I have thus described only the preparation of these extracts
by two processes, I would have it understood that other liquids and
other fats or oils may be employed with the like effect, and producing
similar results; also that the extracts themselves may be combined with
fancy soaps, and with medicated and other unctious materials. I there-
fore do not restrict myself in any of these particulars, or in the
proportions of each to be combined, which may be variously modified.
But what I do especially claim as my Invention, I declare to be
First, the mode of preparing the extracts of the elder tree; and,
Second, the combinations of oleagenous or fatty matters with the said
extracts.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING VOLATILE PRODUCTS FROM BITUMINOUS COALS AND OTHER BITUMI- NOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brown, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd August 1853..
I, WILLIAM BROWN, of the City of Glasgow, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
OBTAINING VOLATILE PRODUCTS FROM BITUMINOUS COALS AND OTHER BITUMI-
NOUS SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in burning bituminous coal or other bitumi-
nous substances in a furnace so constructed that the upper portion of
the charge of bituminous coal or other bituminous substance is gradually
acted on by the heat evolved from the lower portion of the charge, so
that the volatile matters contained in the bituminous coal or other
bituminous substance of the upper portion of the charge are driven off
before such upper portion has descended sufficiently low in the furnace
to undergo combustion; thus the cokc or non-volatile constituent
of the bituminous coal or other bituminous substance, after parting
with its volatile constituents, continues to burn and evolve the heat, by
which fresh charges of similar coal or bituminous substances are in
1

page_text: turn converted into volatile matter and coke. By this process a great
economy of fuel is effected, and the volatile portions of the bituminous
coal or other bituminous substance are cheaply and easily separated
from the coke or fixed portions. The volatile matters when thus sepa-
rated are to be collected in a condenser of any convenient kind. The
draught of the furnace may be made of any requisite degree of inten-
sity by a chimney, an exhauster, a steam jet applied to the end of the
condenser, or by a blast of air applied to the furnace. The furnace is
so contrived as to admit of the introduction of steam during the process
of distillation whenever it is necessary or desirable to vary the nature
or quality of the volatile products sought to be obtained from the
bituminous coal or other bituminous substance employed in the process.
My Invention, therefore, consists in dispensing with the use of retorts
or other similar vessels now employed in separating the volatile from
the fixed constituents of coal or other bituminous substances, and
conducting this process in the furnace itself.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Oates Christian at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th March 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ROBERT OATES CHRISTIAN, C. Engineer, of Havre, in the French
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING" to be as follows:-
My Invention consist of two apparatus, one of which is arranged to
allow the exterior air to enter, and the other so as to allow the vitiated
air to escape. The first consists of a series of cones of metal, which
are placed one inside the other, and so arranged that they may either
rest one on the other in air-tight contact, or be raised out of contact
with each other, so as to leave channels for the air to pass between
them. There is also an inverted cone, which is caused to rise and fall
by the same apparatus which moves the other cones: this cone is
placed over the opening into the chamber to be ventilated, and serves
to prevent rain or water from entering. This cone also, when lowered,
shuts air-tight on this opening leading to the chamber. Any water

page_text: which enters the ventilator is allowed to run out at the bottom,
through an air trap, which prevents the air from escaping there.
The exit ventilator is similar to the one just described, with the ex-
ception that, in place of the cones which rise and fall one inside the
other, a top cover is provided, which rises and falls in a similar
manner.
AN IMPROVED FLOORING CRAMP AND LIFTING JACK.
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1853.
1, JOHN SMITH, of No. 4, Albert Terrace, in the Parish of Aston, in
the County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
my Invention "FOR AN IMPROVED FLOORING CRAMP AND LIFTING JACK.".
to be as follows:-
The machine is represented in the annexed Drawing, and consists of
two bars of iron C, c, and D, d, each curved at one extremity c, and d
into the form of a claw; these bars are connected by a central pin E,
and at the other ends e, and f, the screws G, H, and I, K, pass. In
the annexed Drawing A, B, represents the board of the floor or object
to be moved, and F, the joice or support to which the machine is.
attached by the claws.
It is obvious that upon screwing forward the screws G, H, and I, K,
a pressure will be exerted upon A, B, and the more this is done the
tighter the claws will clip hold of the joice F.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC OR VOLTAIC BATTERIES
Year: 1853

page_text: I, JOHN FILMORE KINGSTON, of Carrol County, in the State of Mary-
land, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC OR VOLTAIC BATTERIES
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of applying syphons to such batteries in order
to keep up a constant supply of the liquid used, and also constantly to
remove a quantity of the liquid (which has been acting) from the
batteries, and thus to maintain a uniform state of action.
.
An IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING SHEETS OF PAPER SUITABLE FOR POSTAL COMMUNICATION
Year: 1853

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed
with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Skillman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th December 1853.
I, BENJAMIN SKILLMAN, of Crosby Hall Chambers, in the City of
London, Mining Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "An IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING SHEETS OF PAPER SUITABLE
FOR POSTAL COMMUNICATION" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of connecting the cover of a letter
with the leaf which contains the communication, the object being to
render envelopes available to persons desirous of proving the transmis-
sion of their letters through the post. To this end I stamp out the fly
leaf of sheets of letter paper, in such a manner as to produce lappets
analogous to those of an ordinary envelope, which lappets when folded
over (after the leaf which contains the communication has been folded
in the ordinary manner of a letter) will form an envelope or case in
one piece with the letter which it encloses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF HEATED AIR
Year: 1853

page_text: Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1853.
(Voil by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM TAYLOR, of How Wood, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Coal Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF
HEATED AIR" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, in the first place, to the production and use of
heated air in domestic and other fire-places and furnaces for the purpose
of securing an increased chimney draught, the prevention of smoke, and
the superior combustion of the evolved gases, and the heating and ven-
tilating of apartments. According to one modification of the apparatus
employed an air chamber is curved round the back of the grate or fire-
place, extending to the front of the grate, and opening out to the room on
each side the bars; cold air from the room then passes in at these open-
ings, and becoming heated as it traverses through the chamber it escapes
at or about the level of the burning fuel in the form of a narrow film by
a slit running along the top of the chamber. This heated air current

page_text: meets the evolved gases and smoke, and effectually aids in their com-
bustion, producing great heat, and preventing the smoke from coming
down into the room. This heating chamber may be of various shapes;
for example, it may he returned back and forward like a "return flue,"
to afford an extended heating surface, and it may be carried up
higher than the level of the fuel, and arranged to discharge some heated
air into the apartment. And.by.another application of the heated air
the heated current may be drawn off through an oven or cooking
chamber for general cooking" purposes. The same general principle
answers also for larger furnaces by introducing an air chamber at the
far back end of the flue, running the chamber along the "spark bed"
beneath the boiler, or along the side of the furnace. Air passing along
this pipe or conducting chamber and the heated current is discharged
into a hollow bridge slotted or perforated along the top. This heated
air then meets the passing gases and smoke, and aids in their com-
bustion, whilst it increases the draught and economises the fuel. It is
obvious that this general principle is suitable for marine boiler and
other furnaces, and heated air so produced may also be applied for heat-
ing and drying purposes, as in bleachers' and manufacturers' works.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF PORCELAIN AND SIMILAR MATERIALS TO ORNAMENTING PUR- POSES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th March 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
APPLICATION OF PORCELAIN AND SIMILAR MATERIALS TO ORNAMENTING PUR-
POSES" to be as follows:-
These improvements consist principally in the application of a coating
of porcelain, opal, enamel, or similar materials, to the manufacture of
stands upon which to display goods in the windows or other parts of
shops or bazaars, and, in fact, of replacing the present ordinary metal,
bronzed, or painted shop fittings, by much more elegant fittings, com-
posed of the above materials. The above articles may be made either
hollow or solid, plain or ornamental; the substance or ground work
being of iron, wood, or plastic materials. For these purposes, and in

page_text: substitution for the above-named substances, crystal, glass, pipe clay,
free stone, plain or ornamental. either its natural colour, or painted or
varnished, alabaster, stearine, mother of pearl, ivory, shell, solid var-
nishes, or other hard and light substances capable of resisting the
destructive action of air and of gas, may be employed with equal success.
These improvements are equally applicable to the manufacture of door
and window cases, shop fronts, curtain rods and rings, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RETARDING AND STOPPING TRAINS OF CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mead Terry Raymond at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd August 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, MEAD TERRY RAYMOND, of 25, Clements Lanc, Lombard Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Iuvention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RETARDING AND STOPPING TRAINS
OF CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the interposition of a carriage
between the locomotive engine and the train of carriages, in order to
carry breaks and apparatus acting by clasticity in such manner that
the breaks will ordinarily be applied to the wheels when the train is at
rest, and the breaks will only be removed when the locomotive engine
has moved a determined distance in advance of the train, so that should
the locomotive, after being in motion, be stopped, whether by accident
or otherwise, the apparatus acting by clasticity will cause the breaks
of the interposed carriage to be put on or brought into action, and
retard the progress of the train, and bring it to rest, or nearly so, before
it comes up to the locomotive engine; the rope, chain, or band by

page_text: which the interposed carriage is connected to the locomotive engine
will at the same time be wound or taken up by the apparatus acting by
clasticity as the interposed carriage comes up to the locomotive engine.
For these purposes bands of vulcanized india-rubber are used both for
putting on the breaks and for winding or taking up the band, cord, or
chain which connects the train with the locomotive engine. The object
of the Invention, therefore, is to put on the breaks of the carriages by
the clasticity of the apparatus immediately on the locomotive being
stopped, whether by accident, or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RECOVERY OF SULPHUR FROM ALKALI WASTE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Lee Pattinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th August 1853.
I, HUGH LEE PATTINSON, of Scots House, near West Boldon,
Gateshead, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RECOVERY OF SULPHUR FROM ALKALI WASTE" to be
as follows:-
In the manufacture of soda a certain residual substance arises well
known to soda makers under the name of tank residuum or alkali
waste which consists principally of sulphur and lime.
Now my Invention consists in fusing this alkali waste with a com-
pound of manganese so as to convert the lime and carthy matter of
the materials used into a slag, and the whole or a portion of the sulphur
and manganese into sulphuret of manganese.
DIGGING THE SOIL BY MACHINERY WITH HORSE POWER
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh O'Connor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
June 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, HUGH O'CONNOR, of the City of Limerick, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "DIGGING THE SOIL BY MACHINERY WITH
HORSE POWER" to be as follows:-
A strong wooden frame riding on an axel or shaft; two strong
wooden wheels are fastened to the axel, one of which is fixed to the
axel, and revolves with it, but the corresponding wheel on the other side
is loose on the shaft, to which it can be fixed occasionally by a coupling.
The shaft or axel also carries a toothed wheel with cogs, which
drives an intermediate wheel having cogs also, and this in its turn
drives a pinion on the shaft, which revolves in bearings in the metal
framing. On the other end of the shaft is keyed a wheel driving the
pinion, which has four cranks; to these are fixed the ends of four iron
spades, which by the revolution of the cranks are alternately raised and

page_text: depressed, and at the same time receive a lifting motion by being
passed thro' grooves at the end of the framing. The crank shaft
can be lifted by means of a leaver or handle when it is desired to keep
the spades from working. To be drawn by two horses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FATTY AND OILY MATTERS TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Webster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1853.
I, JOHN WEBSTER, of Ipswich, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FATTY AND OILY
MATTERS TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the subjecting fatty and oily matters
to processes with a view more advantageously to render the same
suitable for the manufacture of candles, and consists, first, of means of
rendering such matters into an acid state.
Secondly, means of distilling oily and fatty matters and acids.
And, thirdly, means of separating oleic acid from stearic acid.
In order to convert palm oil, tallow, or other oily and fatty matters into
acids, they are subjected to the action of Nordhausen acid, preferring
temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit, or the vapour of anhydrous
sulphuric acid at the same temperature, with subsequent distillation
with or without steam, in place of their being subjected to the acid

page_text: processes heretofore resorted to; and when distilling fatty and oily
matters and acids, they are combined with or have present ammoniu,
by which the distillation, with or without the presence of steam, is more
readily accomplished and offensive smells avoided. The ammonia is
recovered or separated by stronger acid or otherwise. And in order
to separate oleic acid from stearic acid after the acids have been
obtained strong sulphuric acid and heat are used, which, acting on the
oleic acid, enables the oleic acid to be separated or got rid of without
the aid of pressure, the product of stearic acid being afterwards dis-
tilled with or without the presence of steam.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR PULPING COFFEE
Year: 1853

page_text: at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th March 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ROBERT BOWMAN TENNENT, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR PULPING COFFEE"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of producing the roughened surface
required for the rollers of coffec-pulping machinery. Hitherto, it has
been the practice to cover such rollers with sheet metal, roughened by
punching up the metal after the manner practised in making nutmeg
graters; but it has been found that the asperities thus produced become
quickly removed by wear; and thus the metal surface requires frequent
renewal to keep the machinery in efficient working order. To avoid
this expense and trouble, I drive into or otherwise attach to the peri-
phery of the cylinders metal studs, pins, or projections of any suitable
form, which, while they are calculated to act with efficiency on the
pulp or rind of the coffee berries, will not be liable to crush the berries
themselves.
STRENGTHENING VESSELS OF TIMBER AND IRON
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur John Baker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th September 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ARTHUR JOHN BAKER, Architect, of 51, Burton Crescent, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "STRENGTHENING
VESSELS OF TIMBER AND IRON " to be as follows:-
A truss or frame of timber or iron is to be constructed along the
centre of the vessel, or two trusses or frames at the sides thereof, with
eross trusses to keep the several parts in their place.
This framework is to form an addition to be built within vessels of
the ordinary construction, and the object is to give stiffness and strength,
or may be used as a substitute for part of the present framing. The
trusses to be formed in the usual manner with horizontal ties and
straining beams and diagonal braces, the whole tied together with bolts
and straps. The novelty of the Invention consists in the application
of such trusses to the purposes of building vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TRANSMISSION OF MOTIVE POWER, BEING AN IMPROVED SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CRANK
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th September 1858.-A communication.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TRANSMISSION OF MOTIVE POWER, BEING AN IMPROVED SUBSTITUTE FOR THE
CRANK," being a communication from Jean Lassere, Mechanic, and
Edmond Heusschen, Engineer, both of Paris, in the Empire of France,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar mechanical contrivance for dis-
pensing with the crank in steam engines and other prime movers, and
machines where the crank is employed, obviating thereby the numerous
disadvantages attendant thereon. To the cross head of the piston rod
are attached two vertical racks which are placed in two different
planes, cach rack gearing into a separate pinion on the main shaft.
These pinions are alternately made fast and loose upon the shaft by a
self-acting clutch arrangement consisting of a sliding bolt which works

page_text: through a collar on the main shaft, and projects into an opening or
notch in the boss of each pinion. The bolt is kept in the notch by
helical springs, one of which tends to keep it in and the other to force
it out when required; these springs are acted upon by a tappet
arrangement which allows one or other of the springs to come into
action. The following is the mode of working the ascent of the piston
& give motion to the first pinion, which is made temporarily fast on
the main shaft by the clutch arrangement herein-before described, the
pinion being actuated by its corresponding rack. The second pinion is
at this time loose on the shaft, but is nevertheless in gear with the
other rack which works on the opposite side, thereby giving it a con-
trary motion to the first one. When the piston arrives at the top of
its stroke the first pinion is disengaged and the second one made fast;
thus the rotatory movement is continuously kept up. The main shaft
may receive one or more turns for each single strokes of the piston.
By varying the proportions between the circumference of the pinion
and the length of the racks it is obvious that the same arrangement is
applicable to all mechanism where cranks have been hitherto em-
ployed; as, for example, locomotive and marine engines, the working
of pumps, and constructive mechanism such as planing and slotting
machines, lathes, &c. &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEED PIATES TO BE. USED FOR OXIDIZING LEAD AND REFINING SILVER AND LEAD
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Matthew Richards at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th November 1853.
I, EVAN MATTHEW RICHARDS, of Swansea, in the County of Gla-
morgan, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FEED PIATES TO BE. USED FOR OXIDIZING LEAD AND
REFINING SILVER AND LEAD" to be as follows:-
Heretofore it has been usual to employ a flat iron plate, and allow it
to be heated. Now this Invention consists of casting the plate hollow,
and of passing water continuously through it, by which means the
quality of the litharge is improved, and a saving is effected in the wear
and tear of the plate.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING MADDER AND MUN- GEET, BY WHICH THE QUALITY OF THE COLORING MATTER CONTAINED IN THOSE SUBSTANCES IS GREATLY IMPROVED, AND ITS APPLICATION TO DYING AND PRINTING MUCH FACILITATED
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Maddick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM MADDICK, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING MADDER AND MUN-
GEET, BY WHICH THE QUALITY OF THE COLORING MATTER CONTAINED IN THOSE
SUBSTANCES IS GREATLY IMPROVED, AND ITS APPLICATION TO DYING AND
PRINTING MUCH FACILITATED," to be as follows:-
It is well known to those interested that madder improves in quality
up to a certain age, after which it rapidly deteriorates. The first
feature of my improved mode of treatment is artificially to accelerate
this process of ageing," so as to arrive in a few days at the extreme
point of excellence which by the natural process it requires from two
to three years to acquire. The process to effect this is to spread the
madder (when ground) on a clean floor, and moisten it with water,
keeping it turned over regularly every day. In course of a few days
the peculiar smell which characterizes madder will have disappeared,

page_text: and the "ageing" will have been effected. I next proceed to extract
from the madder (or munjeet) thus prepared the whole of the coloring
matter contained therein. For this purpose I employ vessels of wood
of wood (or any other material, in which are false bottoms perforated
with holes and covered with cloth.
The madder is placed in these vessels, and hot distilled water is
poured on to it, and this is repeated until the whole of the coloring
matter is entirely abstracted. Concentration is the only object now to
be effected; for this purpose I prefer enamelled vessels (my object
throughout being to preserve the coloring matter from contact with
metal). These vessels to be surrounded with a steam jacket half way
up. The upper part must be cased outside with brick or other ma-
terial to retain heat, and the vessels to be with the utmost care main-
tained nearly full of the liquor, so as to prevent the possibility of its
receiving injury by burning.
Evaporation must be continued until the liquor has arrived at the
consistency of treacle, in which state it is removed into a stove heated
by steam or hot air, placed on filters, and then gradually dried. It is
then removed from the filter, broken up, and ready for sale.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBES OR PIPES
Year: 1853

page_text: I, DAVID DICK, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBES OR PIPES
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or production of flexible
or elastic tubes or pipes in such manner that whilst they will be
perfectly flexible they will be of very superior strength, and capable of
resisting both internal and external pressures of large amount. Such
tubes are made by encasing a copper or other metallic coil or helical
tube in some elastic gum, as vulcanized india-rubber or gutta percha,
so that the clastic material is thus strengthened by a powerful vertebral
back bone. This tubing may be made either by drawing an india-
rubber tube over a metallic coil or helical tube, or the elastic gum may
be moulded round the metallic coil. Two or more concentric metallic

page_text: coils may be used with elastic, gum between the two coils, as well as
surrounding the whole tube. Such flexible tubes are suitable for a
great variety of purposes, and may serve to convey steam, air, water, or
gases under excessively high pressures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND WATER VALVES
Year: 1853

page_text: REVERY DESIG your www ID
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ROBERT BISHOP, of Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND WATER VALVES
be as follows:-
My Invention relates to certain improvements in valves for steam
engines, water pipes, tapis, and other similar purposes, where cocks or
valves are used for controlling the passage of fluids. Fig. 1, on the
accompanying Drawing shows the application of the improved valve to
a steam engine. A, is the boiler or steam generator; B, the steam
pipe leading to the cylinder C. These parts are drawn in close
proximity merely to illustrate the nature of the Invention. The
valves D and D¹ are fitted to the rod E, so as to move with it. They
are arranged in such manner that the downward pressure of the steam
is counteracted by its lifting force upon the lower valvo D'. Thus no
greater power will be required to open or shut the valves than will
overcome their weight and the friction of the valve rods in the

page_text: stuffing boxes. Fig. 2, is a front view of an improved throttle valve.
In this arrangement the valve is divided into three discs, the united
areas of which equal the area of an ordinary valve. The smaller ones
F, F, are half the size of the centre one G. Fig. 3, is a section of the
valve G. The steam from the boiler A passes a curved pipe H, and
impinges upon the front of the valve, passing thence by a return pipe to
the cylinder. At the side of the pipe II, are the passages in which the
smaller valves F, F, are placed, shown in plan by Fig. 4; the steam
acts directly upon these, moving them in the reverse direction to the
valve G. Thus, whatever pressure the steam may be worked at, the
valves will remain unaffected, the opposing forces neutralizing each
other. Fig. 5, represents an improved form of valve adapted for the
passage of water and other fluids; Fig. 6, is a transverse section of the
The valve I is of a spherical or cylindrical form, and bored as
shown by the dotted lines, &, Fig. 5, where the tap is represented as
turned on. When the handle is reversed, the passage i is opposite to
the sides k, k, Fig. 6. The fluid flows round the valve I, into the
passage l; the pressure being alike in all directions there is nothing to
oppose the free action of the valve. I propose to fit these taps also
with three valves arranged similar to the throttle valve Fig. 2. This
modification would be applicable in cases where a large quantity of
water or fluid is required to be passed. The above is substantially a
description of my Invention, but I claim the right to vary the details
thereof.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF WOOD FOR SHEATHING SHIPS AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COPPER & OTHER METALS, ALSO IN HOUSE, SHIP, & PIER BUILDING, &c., &c.
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kemp at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, HENRY KEMP, of Barkham Terrace, Southwark, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF WOOD FOR SHEATHING SHIPS AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR COPPER & OTHER METALS, ALSO IN HOUSE, SHIP, & PIER BUILDING,
&c., &c., to be as follows:-
My improvements in the preparation of wood for sheathing ships as
a substitute for copper & other metals for the preserving the bottom
from the adhesion of weeds, barnacles, & other marine insects, &c.,
also for house, ship, and pier building, railway sleepers, piles, and all
other purposes whatsoever where great durability and strength are
required, and as a preservative against the attacks of various kinds of
insects, &c., consists in taking a solution of barytes, prepared by cal-
ciuing barytes with charcoal. The wood is immersed in the solution,
and then submitted to a high pressure, or what may be sufficient to

page_text: fill the pores. After this operation it is allowed to become nearly dry,
when it is placed in a tank containing sulphate of copper in solution,
after which it is dried for use. In some cases after the first process
use is made of a puncturing roller, the spikes of which penetrate to a
certain depth, according to the substance of the wood, and the perfora-
tions are filled with a chemical compound prepared with arseniate
copper, carbonate of barytes, & red lead, or any other suitable
mixture.
For the preparation of wood for ship building, &c., the solution of
barytes and sulphate of copper are employed, as well as for many other
purposes..
1
solution at bonutos alone is emploved
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR MACHINERY
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1853.
I, WILLIAM PARKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Wire Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR MACHINERY" to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the bearings (or journals or
journeys) of machinery of glass, porcelain, or other vitreous or semi-
vitreous substance, instead of brass or other metal or alloy. I make
the said bearings of the same form, and fix them in their chairs in
the same way as is commonly practised with respect to the ordinary
metallic bearings. I form the said bearings of glass, &c. by pressing
or blowing, or by any other process which is or may be practised for
shaping or fashioning glass, porcelain, and vitreous and semi-vitreous
substances. Bearings made according to my Invention are more
durable and less costly than the ordinary metallic bearings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANS OR VESSELS USED FOR APPLYING OIL OR OTHER LUBRICATING MATERIAL TO MACHINERY
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petrie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN PETRIE, junior, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CANS OR VESSELS USED FOR APPLYING OIL OR OTHER
LUBRICATING MATERIAL TO MACHINERY" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the cans used for applying oil or
other lubricating material of malleable cast iron, or partly of that
substance. The metal may be rendered malleable by the ordinary
process of annealing, or by any other process by which cast iron is or
may be rendered malleable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELED CARRIAGES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Begbie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES BEGBIE, of Haddington, in the County of East Lothian,
North Britain, Carriage Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELED
CARRIAGES" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is, in the first place, to enable the body
of the vehicle to be shifted back or forward upon the wheels, so that
the load may at all times be made as easy as possible to the horse. To
effect this the body is supported upon two cross bars in the frame,
which bars work in longitudinal slots as bearings. A spindle working
in bearings in the under part of the body carries a worm wheel worked
by a worm, the spindle of which latter rises up in the centre of the
front seat, and is there worked by a handle by the driver. On the
spindle of the worm wheel a crank is keyed jointed to a connecting rod,
which is jointed at the other end to the after supporting cross bar.
By the action of the worm and the crank the frame is pushed forward

page_text: or backward as required, or, as it is the body which actually moves, it
is pushed forward accordingly as the crank pushes backwards, and
vice versa. An index finger is attached to the under side of the carriage,
and a corresponding-graduated scale is on the frame, so that the driver
,can see at all times the position of the body of the vehicle with refer-
ence to the wheels. The scale may be marked to shew the number of
persons that each position is calculated for. As such vehicles as dog
carts are generally made with springs strong enough for carrying four
persons, they do not act sufficiently with a lighter weight, as for only
one person, for instance. To remedy this according to this Invention
the springs as usually applied are calculated for light weights; and an
additional and stronger spring is attached to the axle across.
end of the spring bears on the underside of the frame, but only when
a greater weight than that of one or two persons is put on the frame,
and brings it down to the spring. A further improvement consists in
forming the spokes of the wheel of uniform section throughout, the
section preferred being in the form of a lozenge; the spokes are fitted
into a cast iron nave without shoulders, retaining their entire sectional
size to as near the axle as possible; by this means greater strength is
obtained, as well as much greater facilities, in the construction of such
wheels.
Each
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING OR SULPHURING SILK, WOOLLEN, COTTON, AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS AND YARNS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Colquhoun at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th March 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN COLQUHOUN, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, -North
Britain, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING OR SULPHURING SILK, WOOLLEN, COTTON,
AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS AND YARNS" to be as follows:
According to this Invention, the sulphurous acid gas, chlorine, or
other bleaching agent, is contained in a rectangular chamber, one side
of which is left open for the introduction of one, two, or more frames
of such a size as altogether to occupy the whole chamber. These
frames are carried upon wheels, and traversed in and out of the
chamber on rails or slides provided for that purpose, and they are each
formed with two ends, in such a manner as to close the opening into
the chamber, both when they are entirely within it, and also when
they are drawn out. The frames are fitted with spars, or rollers, on
which the cloth to be operated upon is hung. The mode of procedure
is as follows: One of the frames (of which we will suppose that
there are two in this instance) is drawn out, and the cloth is hung
-

page_text: upon it; it is then run back into the chamber to be acted upon by the
sulphurous vapour, whilst the other frame is drawn out to receive a
supply of cloth in its turn; one frame being out, and the other in,
alternately; thus allowing the operation to be carried on continuously.
When the goods have been in long enough, they are drawn out
through a slit in the frame end, and are wound or taken up upon a
roller outside, which is supported in portable standards; the frame is
afterwards drawn out for a fresh supply. The benefit of this arrange-
ment consists in the capability of introducing a fresh supply of cloth,
without its being necessary to clear the chamber of the bleaching
agent; and, at the same time, the cloth being simply hung over spars
or rollers, is not subjected to the strain of being drawn back and for-
ward through a series of rollers otherwise necessary for the sufficient
extension of it in the chamber. The cloth is drawn off the frame
previous to withdrawing the latter, in order that as little as possible
of the vapour may be brought out with it, since, if the whole be with-
drawn together, considerable quantities will lodge between the folds of
the cloth. The bleaching chamber is roofed with plate glass in prefer-
ence to other materials, as with it the vapour condensed on its surface
has less tendency to drop on the goods than with other materials. The
condensed vapour runs down the sides of the glass, which is inclined to
facilitate this, to suitable gutters provided for its reception.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING DESIGNS AND PATTERNS IN WOOD
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Sterry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1858.
I, GEORGE STERRY, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester,
Carver and Gilder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING DESIGNS AND PATTERNS IN WOOD"
to be as follows:-
I take pieces of wood of various colors and forms according to the
pattern to be produced, and mount them all in a frame side by side, in
the direction of their length. I remove the frame, and glue each piece
of wood to that next it, and press the whole together on all sides by
means of a binding hoop or frame, or by means of cords bound tightly
round the whole mass.
When the glue has set, I cut off transverse veneers or slices, all of
which will bear the same uniform pattern, and apply them as a vencer
or inlay to such articles as it may be desired to ornament.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Sterry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1853.
I, GEORGE STERRY, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester,
Carver and Gilder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING DESIGNS AND PATTERNS IN WOOD"
to be as follows:-
I take pieces of wood of various colors and forms according to the
pattern to be produced, and mount them all in a frame side by side, in
the direction of their length. I remove the frame, and glue each piece
of wood to that next it, and press the whole together on all sides by
means of a binding hoop or frame, or by means of cords bound tightly
round the whole mass.
When the glue has set, I cut off transverse veneers or slices, all of
which will bear the same uniform pattern, and apply then as a veneer
or inlay to such articles as it may be desired to ornament.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Giblett, of Trowbridge, in the County of
Wilts, Woollen Cloth Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN CLOTH AND OTHER
FABRICS,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Giblett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th July 1858.
I, JOHN GIBLETT, of Trowbridge, in the County of Wilts, Woollen
Cloth Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN CLOTH AND OTHER
FABRICS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of means of obtaining a more uniform
tension to the warp threads from the creel until they are on the warp
beam, by which the fabrics woven will have more level surfaces, for
which purpose cops of yarn are used.
The yarns in coming off' pass over and under friction bars, which are
made moveable, so as to have the tension required and at any angle.
The yarns
then pass through the eyes, and from thence to a guide, and

page_text: passing through this guide all the threads fall on the warping mill as
it goes round, they falling side by side with uniform tension.
The
warping mill is similar to a reel, and when a suflicient number of
threads are on they are spread; they are then wound off' on to a bobbin
or bobbins, as the case may be. I then place these on a spindle. and
the warp is wound on to the weaver's yarn beam with the tension they
had at the beginning, every thread falling in its proper place.