Year: 1888

page_text: I, PETER JENSEN, of No. 77 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of
the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, (a communication to me from abroad by Dorr
Bradley Burnham of Battle Creek, in the County of Calhoun and State of Michigan,
one of the United States of America, Machinist) :-
My invention relates to improvements in Steam Pumps, a principal object of the
invention being to regulate the pressure of steam in the cylinder so as to obtain
isochronal movements of the pump and steam piston under varying resistances, thus
dispensing with the usual governor in which the operation is always later than
required for affording perfect control of the machine.
Other objects of the invention are to avoid undue friction between the piston and its
packing and to make an efficient pump, simple and compact in construction.
To these ends my invention consists generally of the combination of a steam engine
valve and steam ports constructed and arranged as hereinafter described, to admit
cut off, or regulate the admission of steam to the cylinder to increase or diminish the
pressure therein through the medium of and to correspond with the varying resistance
to the movement of the piston.
The invention also consists in interposing a perforated ring between the layers
of packing of a pump piston for the lateral discharge of any leakage past said
packing.
The details of the invention will be hereinafter particularly described and pointed
out in the claims.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings:
Figure 1, is a longitudinal, vertical section through the steam chest and steam
and water cylinders showing the air chamber in elevation, and
Figure 2, is a similar section through the exhaust and suction chamber showing the
steam chest in elevation.
A, is the main casting in which the cylinders and chambers are formed and to
which the appendages are attached.
A', is the steam cylinder, A", the water cylinder; N, the exhaust chamber
and, M, the suction chamber, all preferably formed within the main casting, A, as
clearly appears in the drawings. Obviously these chambers may be formed of
separate parts and then connected together without changing the character of my
invention.

page_text: B, is the steam chest mounted on the engine cylinder in any usual or approved
way and provided with live steam passages, G, G, and exhaust passages G,
steam ports, F, F¹, and enlarged end chambers, B1, B. The ports, F, F, are of
less capacity than the annular ports, a, and, a', and operate to restrict the incoming
steam.
E, is the live steam pipe from the generator.
The steam chest is provided also with trip holes or passages in front of the plane
of section of Figure 1, shown in dotted lines at, b, 61, 611, leading from the live steam
passages, E, E, to the steam cylinder for a purpose hereinafter explained.
D, D₁, is the steam or actuating valve of the engine closely fitting the central bore
of the steam chest.
This valve is reduced near the ends and along the middle as shown, at a, a¹ all so
as to admit steam through the annular ports, and to exhaust opposite at, a". The
valve is also provided with enlarged heads, D, D₁, which fit the bore of the
chambers, B, B". The area of the inside of these heads is reduced by the area of
the reduced portions, a, a¹, of the valve.
C, C, are the steam. and water pistons connected together and fitted to their
respective cylinders, A¹, and A". The steam piston is provided with a longitudinal
channel or passage, c, having lateral holes, c¹, c", leading therefrom which alternately
register with the trip holes, 6, 61, and, b, b¹.
J, is a pin mounted in the main casting projecting into a hole in the cylinder to
form a guide or stop to prevent the said cylinder from rotating and thus insure the
correct registry of the holes, c¹, cl, with the trip holes at each stroke of the piston.
When the packing around the plunger or water piston is sufficiently compressed to
avoid leakage under all pressures, much power is needlessly expended in overcoming
friction in the stuffing box. On the other hand, where the packing is loose enough to
allow the plunger to work freely, some water from the cylinder is forced along between
it and the packing, and ordinarily must escape into the steam cylinder. To overcome
the difficulty arising from leakage past the plunger, I interpose a perforated ring, V,
between the packing in the stuffing-box and make one or more holes, X, through the
wall of the cylinder. The leakage of water is thus cut off or stopped, collected in
the ring and then discharged through, X, into the suction chamber, M.
In order to vary the tension on the packing to compensate for variations of
pressure in the water cylinder the bush or gland, W, is fitted to slide end wise freely
in the water cylinder and as it holds the packing in place the pressure of the water on
the other end of said gland will cause it to compress the packing with a force
corresponding in a measure with pressure within the cylinder.
H, H, are the cylinder heads; I, I, the steam chest heads; T, T, the cylinder
cocks; U, the air cock; P, the water suction pipe; P¹, the water discharge pipe ;
L, the atmosphere exhaust pipe; R, the air chamber to the pump; O, a three-way
valve or cock for making communication from exhaust chamber, N, to atmosphere
through, L, or from, N, to suction chamber, M; O', the valve operating lever; Q,
and, Q, pump valves and, S, a removable valve seat. Suitable stops are provided on
the main casting to limit the movement of the valve lever.
The operation of my invention is as follows:
The piston being in the position shown in Figure 1, and steam admitted from live
steam pipe, E, it first passes from, E, through passages, b, c, 61, to enlarged
chamber, B1, and acting on the head, Du, drives the valve to the left and opens the
annular port, around a'. When this is done, steam passes through annular port, a', to
the enlarged chamber, B", and thence through port, F1, and passage, G, to the main
cylinder. The capacity of the port, FL, being less than that of port, around a¹,
produces a stricture on the inflowing steam and the pressure on the smaller inside
surface of the head, D", becomes greater than against the larger outer surface and thus
moves the valve to the right until it sufficiently restricts the annular port, around a¹,
to produce the proper relative pressures on the outside and inside of the valve-head
and to move the piston. When the piston, C, has moved far enough to uncover the
passage, 6, the pressures in the chamber, B", will immediately rise and become

page_text: uniform with that in the main cylinder. This increased pressure in the outer end of
chamber, B, now exerts itself upon the larger area of valve head, D, and drives
the valve to the left and enlarges the annular induction port, around a¹. As steam
moves more rapidly than the piston, the pressure in the cylinder will be suddenly
augmented and this rise of pressure operates still further to enlarge the induction
port, but when the pressure of steam in the cylinder becomes so great as to be out of
proportion to the resistance the piston will race or rapidly recede before the
preponderance of force and the pressure would become reduced by reason of rapid
expansion. This reduction of pressure in the cylinder and outer end of the
chamber, B, enables the incoming steam to again move the valve to the right until
the forces on the two faces of the valve head are neutralized. The valve thus.
automatically operated is the governor and regulator of the engine.
The normal speed of the pump is fixed by the relative size of the ports, around a, a,
and the ports, F, F", the speed being greater when the stricture ports, F, F¹, approach
most nearly the capacity of the annular ports, around a, a¹. The stricture ports are
made so as to be reduced or enlarged at will by screw cut-offs, z, z, or otherwise
as may be desired so as to regulate the speed of the engine.
The piston having moved to the left so that the openings, c¹, cl, register_with the
passages, b, b, a continuous passage, b, c, b¹, for live steam from the pipe E, to the
outer end of chamber, B¹, is made and pressure on the outer surface of head, moves
the valve to the right and reverses the current of steam.
Dii
The annulus,
of the valve now couples the passage, G, Gu, and exhaust takes
place from the right of the cylinder through, G, G₁, G, to the exhaust chamber, N.
The piston is driven to the right until the passage, c, is again registered with the
passages, b, 61, when the movement is again reversed, and so on.
When the water plunger, C₁, moves from right to left the air in the water
cylinder, A", is driven through the passage leading from water cylinder to water
valve chamber, causing the water valve, Q', to leave its seat and allow the air to escape
either through pipe, P¹, or air cock, U. The valve then returns to its seat and upon
the return stroke valve, Q, leaves its seat and air from suction chamber, M, is admitted.
When the air is exhausted from chamber, M, and suction pipe, water rises and fills the
water cylinder and the machine will be in complete operation.
While the air is being exhausted, the valve, O, should be turned to open com-
munication between exhaust chamber, N, and pipe, L, to permit the exhaust steam
to pass to atmosphere. After the pump has taken water the valve, O, should be
turned to the position shown in the drawings to divert the exhaust steam to suction
chamber, M, where it is condensed and imparts its heat.to the water, an important
matter when used as a "feed water.'"
"
As the water plunger is driven forward to force water from the cylinder whatever
leakage between the piston and packing there may be, is taken up by the interposed
perforated ring, V, and discharged through the openings, X, into the suction chamber
before it can extend through to the steam cylinder, and excessive leakage is prevented
by variations of pressure by the end movement of the bushing, W, which operates to
compress the packing more or less, according to the resistance or pressure of the
water in the cylinder.
It is observed that instead of a passage through a long piston, other means may be
employed for conducting currents of steam into the end chambers of the steam chest
synchronously with the movements of the piston, for example, an arm attached to the
piston-rod.
An essential part of my invention is to operate the valve without mechanical con-
nections which would impair its sensitiveness._
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1st. In combination, a steam chest provided with suitable ports, chambers and
restricted passages from the chamber to the cylinder and an actuating valve having

page_text: heads with faces of unequal area, whereby said valve is operated to diminish or
increase the flow of steam and thereby regulate the pressure of the cylinder to
correspond with the resistance to the piston or work to be done, substantially as
described.
2nd. In combination, a steam chest having restricted portage from valve chamber
to cylinder and an automatic valve having heads with faces of unequal area operating
to produce isochronism of the piston by equal and differential steam pressure acting
upon the unequal areas of tho heads, the resistance of the piston serving to auto-
matically regulate the pressure in the cylinder to correspond with the work required,
substantially as described.
3rd. In combination, an automatic valve for steam engines, a trip passage leading
from live steam passage to the engine cylinder, similar passages leading from each end
of said cylinder to the ends of the valve chamber and a longitudinal passage in the
engine piston whereby the end passages from cylinder to the ends of valve chamber
are alternately coupled to the passage from live steam pipe and the valve is reversed
by live steam pressure, substantially as described.
4th. An automatic valve for steam engines provided with exterior enlargements
having faces of different areas, in combination with induction ports, and restricting
ports, substantially as described.
5th. The combination with a steam chest having annular admission ports and
secondary restriction ports, of a valve provided with heads having faces of unequal
area, whereby the portage is restricted when the pressure in the engine is beyond
that required to do the work and said portage is increased when the pressure is
insufficient, substantially as described.
6th. In a steam pump having the water cylinder adjacent to the steam cylinder,
the combination of the water plunger, a packing, a perforated ring interposed between
the ends of said packing and a passage leading from said ring in the water chamber
chamber, to the suction chamber, substantially as described.
7th. In a steam "feed water," the combination with the exhaust chamber, of a
three-way valve and ports to conduct the exhaust steam to atmosphere or to suction
chamber substantially as described.
8th. In a steam pump, the combination of the steam and water cylinders in close
connection with each other and means, substantially as described, to prevent the
leakage of water into the steam cylinder.
9th. In a steam pump, the combination of a sliding member and the packing whereby
automatic variable tension is produced by the hydraulic pressure exerted in the pump,
substantially as described.
10th. In a steam pump, a plunger packing sealed from atmospheric leakage into
the pump chambers, in combination with a perforated ring and a passage from the
water cylinder to the suction chamber, substantially as described.
11th. In a steam pump, the combination of a steam and water cylinder, a packing
whose tension is automatically varied by water pressure and means for conducting
the leakage by the plunger packing into the suction chamber.
Noted thin
OLL
1000
Doted th. 10L. J...
1000
PETER JENSEN.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents.