Improvements in and relating to Adding-machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Ar., 1893-Accepted, 8th July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by SAMUEL LEENDERT HUIZER, of 180, Riouwstraat,
The Hague, in the Kingdom of Holland, Engineer.]
Improvements in and relating to Adding-machines.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co. Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an adding-machine which is designed for the addition of
long columns of figures, such operation being effected automatically.
In carrying the said invention into practice I mount upon a base plate nine small
supports which serve as fulcrums for an equal number of levers.
These levers carry at their front extremities keys which extend beyond the key
plate and are marked at their upper parts with the figures 1 to 9.
These keys are placed in two parallel lines in such a manner that those in the
row bearing even numbers 2, 4, 6 and 8 occupy one line while the keys in the row.
bearing uneven numbers 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 occupy the second line. Thus arranged
the right hand of the operator can easily reach them, without having to change its
place.
To support the hand, the machine is provided with a small device which can be
easily pushed into and withdrawn from the box containing the whole of the
mechanism.
All these keys may be depressed in the same manner, this manipulation having
for its object to equally depress the corresponding parts of the aforesaid levers
which are subsequently raised at the same time as the keys under the action of
springs.
The small supports or fulcrums of the levers occupy along the latter positions
which differ relatively to one another and are such that the rear end of the levers
are raised, in consequence of the depression of the keys to different degrees for
different levers, these degrees being quite definite for each lever.
When the second key is depressed the rear end of the corresponding second lever
is raised to a height which is double that to which the first lever will be raised
when its key is depressed and so on for the various levers, that is to say, the rear
end of the ninth lever for instance will be raised to a height nine times greater than
will be reached by first lever when its key is depressed.
Upon the same base plate are mounted two small posts one on each side of thie
apparatus, these posts serving as centres of rotation for rods which carry toothed
segments on their rear extremities; the two rods are connected together by a cross
bar resting upon the rear ends of the first and ninth levers. Therefore as soon as
one of the keys is depressed the said rods are raised together with the toothed
segments the rods and segments subsequently descend together under the combined
action of their own weight and of the above-mentioned springs. It is obvious that
the toothed segments will be raised higher according as a key of a higher order is
depressed.
Upon the rear of the base plate is fixed a plate carrying on each side of the
apparatus a small post or bracket likewise secured to the cover plate of the
apparatus and in which an axis is adapted to turn. Upon this axis are mounted at
suitable points six toothed bevel wheels furnished each with twenty teeth, each
wheel corresponding to a pinion. Upon the same axis are mounted two ratchet
wheels provided also with twenty teeth. Inside these ratchet wheels are loosely
mounted upon the same axis discs carrying a pawl which engages with the ratchet
wheel under the action of a spring mounted upon the same discs and arranged in

page_text: such a manner that when the discs move forward, the ratchet wheels and with them
the axis move in the same direction. Against the inner side of the discs 1 fix
toothed wheels the teeth of which gear with those of the aforesaid toothed
segments. The arc described by the toothed segments under the pressure applied
upon the keys corresponds exactly with the interval between the teeth in the bevel
wheels and hence with that in the ratchet wheel in such a manner that when the
first key for instance is depressed, the toothed segments are raised sufficiently high
to cause the said axis to turn a distance or are equal to the interval between two
teeth, and likewise equal to 2, 3 or 9 intervals according as the second, third or
ninth key is depressed, that is to say according as the second, third, .
....or ninth
levers are raised. To prevent the axis from turning backward, as the toothed
segments are falling, a ratchet wheel is mounted on this axis and is also provided
with twenty teeth, the pawl which, when one of the keys is depressed allows a
number of teeth of the wheel corresponding to the rotation imparted to the axis,
engaging with the said ratchet wheel. As the key is released the toothed segments
and the toothed wheels. as well as the discs fixed thereto, return to their former
position while the pawls slide upon the teeth of the ratchet-wheel and the aforesaid
pawl prevents the axis from turning backward the latter remaining in its final
position.
To prevent moreover the axis and the wheels which it carries from proceeding,
in consequence of the depression of the keys or owing to a somewhat rough
handling, beyond the stroke corresponding to the number of teeth depending upon
the motion of the key under the impetus given thereto, a fourth toothed wheel
upon which a pawl acts is mounted upon the centre of the axis. This wheel is
likewise furnished with twenty teeth cut in an opposite direction to that of the
above-mentioned ratchet wheel. To raise the pawl at the given time and cause it
to pass between two teeth of the said wheel this pawl is provided with a cross bar
upon which act segments which are toothless and are mounted vertically upon the
rear extremities of the nine levers. These segments have different lengths or
heights that of the first lever being such that the pawl rests normally on the cross
bar. Accordingly as the first lever is raised the pawl is raised with it. However
as the pawl is arranged so as not to engage with the ratchet wheel before one of the
teeth has passed by, the axis will be able to turn a distance or arc equal to an
interval between two teeth, before being stopped by the pawl.
The segment of the second lever is shorter than that of the first lever so that
when the second key is depressed two teeth may pass by before the pawl is raised
sufficiently to prevent the subsequent rotation of the axis, and so on for the third,
fourth fifth... ninth levers the segment of the latter allowing nine teeth to
pass. To avoid that the pawl may gear with force in the wheel owing to a some-
what rough handling of the keys, this pawl is not mounted upon an axis, but is
fixed upon two flat springs bent at right angles and fixed to the rear plate of the
machine. Against this plate and within small supports or posts are mounted six
rods arranged vertically above the axis. These rods can easily turn within the
said small supports, and carry each at their lower ends a toothed pinion furnished
with ten teeth which when the rod is in its lowermost position gear with the teeth
of the corresponding bevel wheel. If the axis is now turned one or more teeth in
consequence of one of the keys being depressed, this rod will be turned an equal
number of teeth, that is to say, an equal number of tenth parts of a complete
revolution. The said rods are provided throughout their length with a groove
and extend beyond the upper plate through suitable openings. This upper
plate is fixed to another plate and rests upon small supports. In the openings
formed in the upper plate are located discs bearing the numbers 1 to 9 which
are engraved thereon in a circular row. The holes formed in these discs and
through which the rods pass are provided inwardly with a projection which
fits accurately with but a small amount of friction within the grooves in the
rods, in such a manner that the latter may descend but may carry with them
in their rotation the discs in question. The number of discs are held in position

page_text: and covered by a plate which is furnished at its front part with small circular
openings disclosing only one number at a time of each of the dises. Upon the said
rods and between the small supports are mounted small wheels or Malta crosses
and discs. The latter have each a tooth whereas the small wheels are furnished
upon their periphery with ten small recesses with which this tooth can engage
whence results that for each complete revolution of the disc, the small wheel is
only shifted to the extent of the interval between two recesses that is to say,
a tenth part of its circumference.
The perforations in the centre of the aforesaid discs as well as those of the
other discs referred to are furnished with a projection which enters exactly and
with a small amount of friction the grooves in the said rods in such a manner
that these may readily move down within these discs, while carrying with them,
as they rotate, the small discs. The axial perforations of the small wheels are
accurately circular so that the rods will be able to move easily through the same.
The small wheels are furnished at their lower sides with a dish wherein radial
grooves are forined. With these grooves engage projections with which the
aforesaid rods are provided and which are formed at given points on these rods in
such a manner that cach of them enters a groove of the discs when these rods have
reached their highest position.
Near the upper part of each one of these rods and exactly below the said plate
is mounted upon this rod a collar and between this collar and the small upper
brackets or supports wherein this rod turns, is placed a spiral spring which
surrounds the rod and is under sufficient tension to hold this rod in its highest
position or bring it back to the same.
Upon the same small supports are fixed upright flat springs furnished at their
upper ends with a hook or nose which when the collar is in a suitable position
passes through a groove formed in the said collar. When this groove is exactly
above or below the hook of the flat spring the rod can move more freely but when
this is not so, the rod may move down while compressing the spring but as it ascends
again it is stopped as soon as its collar has reached the lower part of the hook.
In front of the rods is mounted an axis which may turn by means of its journals
within the brackets. This axis carries upright hooks one for each rod. These
hooks are held in an upright position by means of flat springs mounted on the
brackets and bearing against arms which are fixed upon the axis on both sides of
the latter. A lever is used for the purpose of turning the axis and causing the
said hooks to move from their vertical position.
These hooks act, upon the collars in the same manner as the hooks of the flat
springs that is to say when one of the rods is brought into its lower position, the
corresponding hook is brought back by the pressure of the collar until the latter
has moved beyond the said hook when it returns suddenly to its upright position
under the action of the flat springs in order to hold the rod in its lowermost
position. In this position of the rod, the teeth of its pinion gear with those of
the corresponding bevel wheel.
As all the said hooks are mounted upon the same axis it is obvious that as
soon as a fresh rod is lowered the first rod which was in its lower position
will be released owing to its hook being brought back by the pressure of the
collar of the second rod upon the corresponding hook and that consequently the
first rod will ascend under the pressure of its spiral spring y whereas the second rod
will be held down. The latter is released in turn when the third is depressed
and so on.
Thus when the various rods are successively depressed into their lower position
the rod preceding that which was depressed will be successively released in such a
manner that there will never be more than one rod held down at a time. When it
is required to release also the last rod in order to allow it to ascend again it is
sufficient to press upon the lever so as to bring all the hooks back.
Relatively to the number of discs the collars are mounted in such a manner upon
the rods that the groove of these collars will be exactly in a line with the vertical

page_text: part of the hook of the said spring when the number 0 appears in the small
circular opening formed in the cover plate.
It will be now obvious that when one of the rods is held down under the action
of the hook of the said spring this rod will not be able to ascend to its uppermost
position so long as the number 0 does not appear in the corresponding opening of
the cover plate for then only will the spring hook slide along the groove formed in
the collar.
To enable the rods to be readily lowered they are provided at their upper ends
with a head or push knob having a milled edge.
As soon as the first rod (that which is on the right hand side of the machine)
turns from the left to the right the following rods will turn for each tenth,
hundredth, thousandth...... &c. of the interval between two recesses and hence
a tenth of the circumference, and as these discs with one tooth and those wheels
with recesses move like ordinarily toothed wheels relatively to one another, each
one of these rods will 'turn in an opposite direction to that of the preceding rods.
The result is that if, as in this case, the rod turns from the left to the right, the
uneven rods will turn in the same direction, while the even rods will turn from
right to left. The above fact should be taken into consideration when mounting the
bevel wheels on the axis which turns constantly in the same direction, when marking
the numbers on the number discs and when fixing the wheels with one tooth
relatively to the number discs upon the rods.
When these discs show the number 0 in the openings of the cover plate the
tooth of the disc must have just left one of the recesses of the small wheel.. The
numbers on the first disc on the right indicate the units those of the second dise
the tenths and so on up to the sixth which indicates hundred thousandths a sum
extending 999999 can thus be made up. If it is required to have a machine
extending still further it will be sufficient to provide the same with one or more
extra rods extra one-tooth discs recessed wheels and number discs.
.
To make up an addition with the aid of this machine proceed as follows: All
the number discs are adjusted to show the number 0 at the openings of the cover
plate. This adjustment will be hereinafter described. To add up a column of
numbers the units are commenced with. For this purpose the first rod is depressed
until its collar is placed under the hook which has for its object to cause the teeth
of the pinion to gear with those of the corresponding bevel wheel.
:
By pressing now upon the key of the number corresponding to the first number
of the unit column for instance 6 the rear end of the sixth lever will be raised as
before explained to such a height as to cause the axis to turn six teeth that is to
say six tenths of its circumference, the result being that this number 6 will appear
before the corresponding opening of the cover plate. During this motion the pawl
prevents the whole mechanism from being shifted further than necessary. As soon
as the key is released, the sixth lever, the toothed segment and with it the
corresponding toothed wheel and discs return in their original positions, while the
axis and with it the rod are held in position by means of the pawl which acts upon
the ratchat wheel.
Should the next number be 7 the seventh key will be depressed thus causing
another rotation of the rod over the seven tenth of its. circumference in such a
manner as to successively disclose at the opening in the cover plate after the
number 6 which appeared therein, the numbers 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3; the latter
number will alone remain visible. While passing on from 9 to 0 the tooth of the
disc became engaged in one of the recesses of the wheel and moved the latter a
distance equal to a tenth of its circumference, which causes the second rod to be
carried away a similar distance and with it the second number disc in such a
manner that the number appears now in front of the second opening the second
and the first opening show thus the figures 1 and 3 forming together the
number 13, that is to say the sum of the numbers 6 and 7 added together. The
seventh key being released the parts return to their original position, with the
exception of the axis and the rod. This mode of operation is continued for

page_text: he different figures of the unit column and the result of the addition wi
inally read off on the cover plate say for instance 758.
the
purpose,
The column containing the tenths is next proceeded with. For this
od is depressed so as to bring it into its lowermost position its collar arrives under
the hook and its pinion gears with the corresponding bevel wheel. On the other
hand and as above explained this manipulation causes the collar of the first rod to
be disconnected from its hook and this rod is caused to ascend under the action of
its spiral spring.
As on the other hand the number exhibited by the first number disc is not
the O but the number 8, the groove formed in the collar does not correspond to the
position of the nose of the spring and hence this collar and with it the rod will be
held thereunder in an intermediate position. The teeth of the pinion of the first
rod cease to be in gear in such a position with those of the corresponding bevel
wheel. By pressing upon the second rod, the projection will be disconnected from
the groove formed in the lower part of the wheel in such a manner that this rod
will now be able to turn freely within the said wheel. The second rod has also
been disconnected from the first and the latter will remain in its position notwith-
standing subsequent operations and while constantly exhibiting the number 8 in
front of the opening formed in the cover plate.
The operation is now continued by adding the numbers in the column containing
the tentlis in the same manner as for those of the unit column, and it is obvious
that after the last number of this column the sum of these numbers will have been
added to the 75 tenths already registered by the machine. When the tenths are
added up, the third rod is pushed into its lower position thus disconnecting the
second rod the collar of which abuts against the nose of the corresponding spring.
The pinion of the second rod, like that of the first is disconnected from the bevel
wheel but as the projection is not engaged with the groove of the wheel this second
rod will be free to turn. It will not move however during subsequent operations.
The same operations being repeated for the hundredths will cause the third rod to
turn as well as the following rods however the preceding rods do not participate in
the motion on account of the withdrawal of the projection from the third rod of the
groove formed in the lower part of the corresponding wheel.
This mode of operation will be repeated for the thousandths, ten thousandths
etc. and it is sufficient to read off the numbers shown at the openings in the cover
plate in the order in which they appear, commencing on the left in order to find
the total desired. To release the last rod from its hook it is sufficient to press
upon the lever used for this purpose.
Although all the rods may have re-ascended one after the other, they do not
therefore occupy their uppermost position, as their collars are held by the noses
of the springs unless the last number at the end of the column to which the rod
refers was 0 in which case the nose slides through the groove formed in the collar.
The rods may be turned separately and without any impediment upon their own
axis by acting with the hand upon their grooved edge by which the discs and also
the number discs are carried away.
To bring all the number discs back to 0 it is sufficient to act upon the knobs of
the rods until the noughts appear at the openings in the cover plate: As soon as
this is done, the rods ascend automatically to their uppermost position the noses of
the springs sliding in each case along the grooves of the collars.
It may however be remarked that these operations should be carried on by
passing from the right hand side rods to those on the left, for should the contrary
take place, by passing from 9 to 0, the result would be to cause the preceding rod
to move the tenth of a turn, that is to say to cause the number disc to exhibit
the number 1.
Although the pinion has been mentioned in the foregoing description as carrying
ten teeth it is obvious that if, in order to facilitate the operation of the machine, a
greater number of teeth were desirable, these teeth may be multiplied provided that
their number was a multiple of ten. Likewise the proportion of 1 to 2 between the

page_text: number of teeth of the pinions and that of the bevel wheels may be modified it is
sufficient that the condition hereinafter set forth should be fulfilled. Each
depression of a key should set the rod rotating to the extent of a tenth of a
complete revolution. For any other system of numeration the pinions must
always have a number of teeth corresponding to the base of this system or being a
multiple thereof.
I
I shall now proceed to describe some devices which may be applied to my
improved adding machine either as additional features or as a substitute for the
above described devices, and having for their object to fulfil the same purpose.
may modify the device used for preventing the axis from moving under the impetus
given by the keys, beyond the end of its stroke in order to impart a rotation to the
bevel wheels and cause it to turn a number of teeth corresponding to the value of
the number requiring to be added.
This modified device comprises a set of two levers turning upon an axis carried
by a pillar the said levers being connected by a cross bar against which abuts, for
the purpose of supporting the whole mechanism, the extremity of the arc of each
of the key levers. The cross bar is bevelled and engages between two teeth of the
ratchet wheel while stopping the motion of the latter and hence that of the axis
wherein it is keyed.
For depressing the rods for. holding them in their lowermost position, that is to
say, causing the teeth of the pinions to engage with those of the bevel wheel and
lastly for releasing these rods I may use a device comprising a lever which is
fulcrummed in small supports fixed to the plate or rear wall of the machine and
which is mounted upon each of the above-mentioned rods.
On the other hand a plate moving in a horizontal direction owing to a groove
which moves along a small guide rod is cut out, that is to say is furnished with as
many projections as there are levers and consequently as many as there are rods.
A spring holds the plate in its extreme position towards the right. Lastly a knob
or button allows of the plate being moved by hand.
As soon as a lever is depressed into its lowermost position while passing over
the corresponding projection it pushes back the whole plate which, as it returns
under the action of the said spring prevents the upward movement of the said
lever and hence of the rod whereon it is mounted by retaining it under the said
projection.
When another rod is subsequently depressed the first will be released and so on.
The last rod will be released by pushing back the plate to the left with the aid of
the knob or button.
For enabling the result of this addition to be printed upon a paper strip after
the addition of all the numbers or of part of the numbers the number discs are
made thicker and furnished upon their edges with numbers in relief arranged
upside down.
In front of these discs is an inking band and in front thereof is a paper band
wound up on the left hand side of the apparatus.
The paper bears against a ruler furnished with some slightly elastic fabric.
The ruler is provided with two or more notches and rests by means of the. inclined
or bevelled sides of these notches upon pins. Small springs are provided with the
object of holding the ruler to the left hand side. When the thumb is pressed
against the projection the ruler moves forward toward the discs, and the paper is
held against the inking ribbon and against the numbers on the discs.
If desired the numbers may be printed with the signs indicating the monetary
values they represent and also with the division marks, such as for instance the
comma in the case of French or Belgian money. In order to transmit the motion
of the keys to the axis I mount upon the latter for each key lever, a small toothed
wheel upon which acts a toothed sector. These sectors (each lever being provided
with one) are not rigidly connected to the levers (which are curved). The motion
of the sectors is regulated by a screw which passes through an opening formed in
the rear arm of a quadrangle the front arm of which carries the aforesaid toothed

page_text: sector and engages with its screw threaded extremity within the large lever arm.
On one side of the toothed sector is provided a rib curved in the form of a
circular are having the same radius as the toothed sector. Against this rib bears
an arm which with all similar arms acting on the quadrangles of the other levers is
mounted upon the same axis. Upon this axis is likewise mounted a finger the
curved end of which can enter the notches of a wheel fixed to the axis hereinbefore
referred to..
A spring tends to turn the said axis from left to right and the curved end to
enter the notches of the said wheel in such a manner that the arms may rest by
means of their projections against the ribs of the quadrangles.
On the other side of the toothed sector is a second curved rib having the same
radius as this sector and above is, a pin below which the rib may pass. This rib in
the same manner as the pin is bevelled at its upper and lower ends. When at rest
the quadrangle bears upon the rib of the bottom plate, the teeth of the sector do
not gear with those of the wheel and the projection of the arm bears slightly against
the rib of the quadrangle.
As soon as a key is depressed, the large lever arm turns from right to left the
quadrangle follows the motion by sliding from right to left upon the rib. In this
motion the arin is pushed back by the rib towards the left and the curved end is
withdrawn from the notch, but before this notch has entirely left the latter, the
teeth of the sector will be in gear with those of the small wheel while the head of
the screw abuts against a stop. The curved end is withdrawn from the wheel the
teeth of the segment, mesh with those of the small wheel and the rib has passed
from right to left under the said pin. By further depressing the key, the sector
follows the lever in its rotary motion as the lead of the screw carries the quadrangle.
As soon as the sector is raised it causes the axis to turn, the rib slides to the left
behind the pin so that the teeth of the sector and of the wheel may not become
disconnected.
The sector must accordingly follow the motion of the axis after the latter is
started even should the key not be fully depressed so long as the axis continues
to rotate either by reason of its impetus or under the action of a spring under
tension.
By still further depressing the key or by any other suitable means producing
the same action, the axis turns and follows the sector or is followed thereby until the
lower part of the rib reaches the head of the arm and the latter may under the
action of the spring turn towards the right at the same time as the projection is
engaged in one of the notches of the wheel as consequently the lower part of the
rib also reaches the upper part of the pin and the key has been released the whole
mechanism passes to the desired position by its own weight.
The lower part of the rib slides above the head of the arm and that of the rib
above the upper part of the pin until these ribs have passed beyond this head and
pin respectively which allows the sector to descend and prevents the teeth of the
latter to come into contact with those of the wheel and the projection to issue from
the notch in the wheel under a thrust from the said arm.
It is obvious that the duration of the movement communicated by the key to the
axis depends entirely on the length of the ribs, so that provision is made for easily
turning the axis the exact distance determined by the number of the key. I also
use a device for imparting to the axis a rotation equal to nine-tenths of a turn,
which is applicable to the ninth key; for lower numbers it will be sufficient to
decrease the length of the ribs to a suitable extent.
When determining the respective lengths required for the arms of the levers all
the keys may be arranged to be depressed to the same extent, irrespective of the
numbers they represent.
As the above-mentioned projection enters a notch of the wheel as soon as the
amount of rotation of the axis corresponding to the depressed key has been effected,
and remains in position until a fresh key is depressed and as the toothed sector
when started has to follow the axis until the whole stroke of the sector is

page_text: accomplished, the mechanism can be set in motion by a spring just under tension
and thus greatly decrease the efforts required.
As the motion of the keys corresponding to the higher numbers requires more
work than that of the keys corresponding to the lower numbers an apparatus may
be used to facilitate the operation of the parts.
Upon the axis hereinbefore mentioned is fixed the inner end of a light spiral
spring the outer part of the other end of which is fixed to a drum acting conjointly
with a fly wheel which is free to rotate upon this axis. When the keys are
depressed the axis will turn. The fly wheel follows the motion, the axis stops as
soon as a projection has entered a notch of the wheel while the fly wheel continues
to move under the action of the acquired speed. The result is to slightly wind the
said spring which will be required for the motion of the following key as it is
admissible that a second key may be depressed before the fly wheel has stopped.
To warn the operator of the adding machine of an error having taken place by
depressing the wrong key, a small hammer may be mounted upon each lever or
upon any other part moving at the same time as the key and arranged to strike
upon a bell or other part capable of producing a sound. As the key is depressed a
pin which has freed a lip raises the haminer which, as it falls, sounds the said bell.
By producing different sounds on the bells the operator will be warned of a mistake
owing to the sound of the gong not being that which should be obtained.
Dated this 23rd day of July 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Adding-machines.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The machine which forms the subject of this invention has for its object to effect
the rapid and accurate addition of long columns of figures and it will be a useful
auxiliary for all those whose occupation obliges them to effect similar operations.
In the accompanying drawings have shown how my said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section of the machine taken on the line I-II of
Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the machine taken on the
line VI-VII of Figure 3.
Figure 3 is an horizontal section on the line V-VI of Figure 2.
Figure 3 is an horizontal section on the line II1-IV of Figure 2.
Figures 4 and 5 are details of the machine.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures of
the drawings.
Upon the bed plate A are arranged two uprights B formed on or fixed to the
said bed plate and in which is mounted a shaft serving as an axis for the levers D
each held in its uppermost position by means of a spring E, the levers are each
provided at their extremities with a key F marked 1, 2
.9.
The levers D are guided and limited in vertical grooves formed in the front
plate G of the apparatus.
On the levers D are arranged, at unequal distances from the common axis C
screwed rods H each of which is provided with a small regulating nut 1.
JJ represent two other uprights or brackets formed on or fixed to the said bed

page_text: plate A, and in which is mounted a shaft K serving as an axis upon which two
toothed sectors L are pivoted. These sectors are connected with each other by
means of the plate M having the form shown in Figure 3A and retained in their
upper position by means of a spring N.
The screwed rods H of the levers D pass into the grooves formed in the plate M,
on the upper surface of which rest the regulating nuts 1.
When the levers D are depressed under the action of the keys F they communicate
their movement to the sectors. L, the movement of the said sectors being greater the
farther the rod H is situated from the axis C.
The said sectors act upon two toothed wheels Z which turn loosely with their
sleeves Pupon the shaft O. Upon the sleeves P are keyed the discs Q carrying
the pawls R which act on the ratchet wheels S fixed to the shaft O.
When therefore one of the levers D is depressed it causes the shaft O to turn,
but when the key is released and the lever and sectors rise again under the action
of their springs the shaft is held in its place by the spring pawl T which engages
with the ratchet wheel U, which, like the ratchet wheel S is fixed upon this shaft.
On the shaft O are also mounted eight toothed wheels V which serve to transmit
the movement of the shaft O to the rods e hereinafter referred to.
The shaft turns in holes provided in the plates W to which are secured the
horizontal plates y a and b. The said horizontal plates are provided with holes
through, which the vertical rods c pass, the said rods being adapted to turn easily
in the said holes. *
The aforesaid rods carry at their lower extremities the toothed wheels d
corresponding to the toothed wheels V upon the shaft O, while between the lower
plate y and the intermediate plate a the said rods are provided with wheels e.and f.
The wheels e are each provided with one tooth, while each of the wheels has
'ten recesses so that when one of the wheels e.has performed a complete revolution
the red immediately to the left will have turned through one-tenth of a revolution
as in a speed indicator.
in which a
move up and
The wheels, e
The wheels are fixed upon the rods c,, while the wheels e are formed on or
attached to, the vertical sleeves g each provided with a groove
projection i on the rod c engages in such a manner that the rod may
down in the sleeve, but cannot rotate independently of the wheel e.
are held vertically in position by means of the grooves in the sleeves
engage into openings in the plate a.
which
On the sleeves g, immediately below the plate a, are formed or fixed, discs j each
having ten notches in its periphery, with which engages the nose of a spring / in
order that the rods will always be stopped exactly upon a division corresponding to
one-tenth of a turn.
At the upper part of each of the rods c, below the plate b, is mounted a collar m
terminating above in the form of a truncated cone n. In the conical part of the
said collar is formed a vertical groove o.
Between the lower face of the collar m
and the upper face of the sleeve g is arranged a spiral spring, which surrounds
the rod and which has for its object to retain the rod c in its uppermost position
thereby bringing the upper face of the collar m in contact with the plate b.
Above the plate b, upon each rod c is mounted a conical drum provided with
numbers; the sleeve of the said drum has a vertical groove with which engages a
projections on the rod in such a manner that the rod can move up or down in this
drum but cannot turn without causing the said drum to rotate with it.
The said drums are held in their places by the aid of the cover plate t of the
machine having the form shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings and the front
face of which has formed therein, for each drum, an aperture u at which a number
on the same drum appears.
The collars m are arranged in such a manner on the rods that the grooves o come
exactly below the zero point o of the drums.
The upper extremity of each rod.c is provided with a milled head e'extending
above the cover plate t.

page_text: To the lateral plates W is pivoted a bent bar w extending the entire length of
the machine and adapted to turn upon the points of attachment to the said
plates W. A spring y keeps this bent bar to the front. At its upper face the
said bar is cut obliquely so as to engage against the conical surfaces n of the
collars m.
Upon the intermediate plate a are mounted spring strips (one for each rod), the
projections 2 on the ends of which engage the vertical grooves o formed in the
conical part n of the collars m. The projections are cut at their upper face
obliquely in order that they may be applied exactly against the said conical edges.
When a rod c is depressed the spring = corresponding to it and also the bent
rod w are pushed to the rear, and then return to their original position retaining
the collar m and the rod connected therewith in the lowest position.
In this position (as shown by the third rod from the right in Figure 2) the
wheel d engages with the corresponding wheel V arranged upon the axis O in such
a manner that when a key is depressed and consequently the axis set in rotation
the depressed rod turns with it.
By the depression of the rod, the wheel is thrown out of gear with the wheel e
of the rod immediately on the right, so that all the rods on the right remain
immovable during the rotation of the axis O while the rod immediately on the left
turns one-tenth of a revolution in each complete rotation of the depressed rod.
The number and dimensions of the teeth of the wheels V d and Z and of the
sectors L are such, and the place of each rod H upon its lever D is such, that by
the depression of a key the rod c turns as many tenths of a complete revolution as
corresponds to the value of the number marked on the said key."
To prevent the axis O from turning more than is required, the said axis has
mounted thereon a ratchet wheel 3 the number of intermediate spaces 4 between
the teeth of which is in definite proportions to the number of teeth of the wheels V
and d so that when the rod c by the rotation of the axis Ohas turned one or more
tenths of a revolution an intermediate space 4 presents itself opposite the
projection 5 of the spring strip 6.
The said spring strip 6 is fixed to the oscillating plate 8 which can turn upon
pivots 9 and in which are mounted the buttons or screws 7. When a lever by the
depression of its key has nearly reached the lower end of its movement it will bear
upon the button or screw 7 which corresponds to it, and will cause the oscillation
of the plate 8 which raises the strip 6, the projection 5 of which engages with the
corresponding intermediate space 4 of the wheel 3 thereby preventing the axis O
from turning more than is needed. The spring 10 keeps the oscillating plate below
at ordinary times.
The numbers indicated upon the first drum 9 on the right represent the units,
those on the next drum the tens, and so on.
Each of the drums is provided with the numbers 0 to 9 either from left to right
or from right to left according to the direction of rotation to which the rod
corresponding to the drum under consideration is subjected.
In order to effect an addition I operate the apparatus in the following manner :
I depress the first rod on the right, which brings the two corresponding wheels d
and in contact. Pressing now successively upon the keys corresponding to the
numbers to be added in the column of the units I cause the turning of the depressed
rod through as many tenths of a complete revolution, as indicated by the
successively lowered keys. In each ten-tenths of a turn, that is to say, in each
complete revolution of the rod the following rod is displaced one-tenth of a
revolution, in each hundred-tenths of a revolution of the first rod that is to say in
each ten-tenths of a revolution of the second rod or rod for the teus the rod for
the hundreds turus one-tenth of a revolution and so forth until the last number of
the column for the units is added and at the end of the calculation the sum of the
numbers of this column is read off by the succession of the figures which appear at
the apertures u in the cover plate t.
When the column of the units has been added I depress the rod for the tens

page_text: which first pushes back by the conical part n of the county
as the effect of releasing the rod for the units. The latter is then retained by its
collar m in an intermediate position below the projection 2 of the spring .
In this state the wheel of the rod for the tens is disengaged from the wheel e
of the rod for the units so that in the rotation of the rod for the tens the rod for
he units will not be rotated and that consequently the number of the units of the
sum to be obtained, remains fixed at the aperture u corresponding to the drum for
the units.
I now proceed in the same manner for the addition of the tens as I have proceeded
for that of the units.
For the hundreds
depress the third rod, which has the effect of liberating
the rod for the tens, and putting the apparatus in the position shown in Figure 2.
The third rod is from this moment also uncoupled from the second which remains
in the same position as the first, showing at the corresponding aperture u the
number of the tens of the sum to be obtained.
When I have proceeded in this manner for the several columns in the addition I
read at the successive apertures u of the cover plate, commencing with the left, the
total to be found.
For returning the several parts of the machine to their original position I now
push the button 11 which has the effect of liberating in its turn the last rod
employed. Nothing remains to be done now but to turn the rods by acting upon
the milled heads v beginning with the rod on the left until each drum g presents
at the corresponding aperture u the cipher 0. The rotations of the rods must of
course take place in the opposite direction to that which has been imparted to them
by the axis O.
The rod having been moved back to zero the projection 2 on the spring = can
pass through the groove o of the collar, which under the action of the spiral spring p,
moves this rod up to its highest position and couples it to the neighbouring rod on
the right through the medium of the wheels e and f
The number of rods c may be augmented or diminished according as the machine
is to be used for the addition of greater or smaller totals.
In like manner the machine may be arranged for another system of numeration
than the decimal system, use being made for that purpose of wheels having
corresponding numbers of teeth and a number of keys proportionate with the
system employed.
Thus for example for English money there must be eleven levers with keys and
the first drum must bear the numbers 0 to 11, while the number of teeth of the
On the other hand the third
wheels and v must be in the proportion of 10: 12.
drum for marking the tens of shillings must invariably bear 0, 1, 0, 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In an adding machine the combination of levers D held upwards by the
springs E and provided with keys F turning upon an axis O and each provided
with a rod H having a nut I, a plate M having slots for the passage of the rods H
the said plate turning upon the axis K, and terminating on either side in a lever
provided with a toothed sector L, the plate and sectors being held upwards by the
springs N, as and for the purpose herein described and shown in the drawings.
Second. In an adding machine the combination of levers having toothed sectors L
with the wheels Z turning loosely upon the axis 0 through the medium of sleeves P
upon which they are mounted, the discs Q and the ratchet wheels S and U, the
latter being fixed upon the axis O, and the pawl R and spring T, all substantially
as and for the purposes herein described and shown in the drawings.
Third. In an adding machine the combination of the axis O and toothed wheels V
fixed upon the said axis with the rods chaving projections s, the said rods being
provided with the wheels f, e and j the latter being furnished with springs having

page_text: projections k, collars m with a conical portion n having slots and grooved or
milled heads v substantially as, and, for the purposes herein described and shown
in the drawings.
Fourth. In an adding machine, the combination of rods c with the springs z
having projections 2, and the bent rod w bevelled on one edge and held by the
spring y, the push button and rod 11 fixed to the said lever wo and the drums
bearing numbers, substantially as, and for the purposes, described and shown in the
drawings.
Fifth. In an adding machine, the combination of levers D with the plate 8
provided with the buttons or screws 7 the pawl 6 and the oscillating piece held by
the spring 10, the plate 8 adapted to turn upon the points 9, and the wheel 3 fixed
upon the axis O, as herein described and shown in the drawings.
Sixth. In an adding machine, the combination of the various parts described in
the preceding claims substantially as, and for the purposes, above specified and as
shown in the drawings.
Dated this wond 10-
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings; London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.