IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING 'DOUBLE' IN SPINNING
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING 'DOUBLE' IN SPINNING." A com-
munication from abroad by Célestin Paul Maillard, of Fismes (Marne),
France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1880.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING
'DOUBLE' IN SPINNING." [A communication from abroad by Célestin Paul
Maillard, of Fismes (Marne), France.]
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for preventing "double"
or the "marrying" or twisting together of adjacent yarns in spinning machinery.
The "double or or "marriage" breaking devices consist of a series of burbed or
hooked arms carried on a rock shaft or bar, and moved up and down in the intervals
between the yarns; and the chief features of the Invention consist, 1st, in imparting
to the hook carrying bar or shaft an alternate rectilinear motion in the direction of
its axis as well as an alternate rotary motion about its axis; 2nd, in breaking the
double" yarns by the descent of the hooks (so that the broken ends do not float
above or become entangled with the other yarns) immediately before the backing
off of the spindles; and, 3rd, in the various combinations and arrangements of
mechanism for producing these movements.
"
I will proceed to describe by way of example various modes of carrying out the
Invention adapted to different arrangements of spinning machinery.
1. APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION TO SPINNING MACHINERY IN WHICH THE BAR
BEHIND THE DRAWING ROLLERS CARRYING THE GUIDES FOR THE SOFT YARNS
DOES NOT RECEIVE TO AND FRO MOTION.
The movements may be imparted in either of two ways, according to the con-
aturation of the machine

page_text: 23
the latter being the arrangement shown in the accompanying Drawing, in
such manner that the breaking of the "double" yarn is effected when the
carriage has run out almost quite to the end of its course, that is to say,
immediately before the backing off occurs, and therefore before the winding or
putting up. The lateral movement imparted to the hooks by which they are
made to traverse a portion of the interval between two consecutive yarns makes it
"doubled or "married" together to
impossible for the yarns which have been "
escape the action of the hooks since they are necessarily brought in the path of
the barbs or hooks, and which is very important should the yarns be doubled or
married at the last moment just before the carriage has completed its outward run,
and when the yarns have been but very slightly twisted together near the spindles
one of the two yarns will be brought up to the other by the stem of the hook, thus
causing the two yarns to be instantly twisted together throughout their whole
length from the spindles up to the rollers, thereby ensuring the breaking of yarns
which may be "doubled at the very last moment before backing off. Another
advantage is that the splay of the hooks may be diminished as they will not fail to
catch the double" yarn, since they bring it into the plane in which they act.
For a similar reason the same hooks, whatever may be their distance apart, may be
used in machines in which the yarns are differently spaced by simply varying the
extent of lateral movement of the said hooks.
26
"
Having thus indicated the principal feature of this improved system for the
breaking of double" yarns, 1 will proceed to describe it with reference to the
accompanying Drawings.
"
Figure 1 is an elevation of a portion of a mule having the improvements applied;
Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section showing the position of the parts at the
moment the downward movement of the hooks is completed; Figure 3 is a similar
section with the hooks raised.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in these three Figures.
The mechanism is actuated from the drawing roller shaft, and is thrown into
gear by an inclined tappet at back of the carriage, which as the carriage runs in
first acts on the hook carrying bar so as to move the hooks laterally, and then
throws into gear with, the roller shaft mechanism, which when the carriage has run
out again nearly to the end of its course first throws the hooks up, and then almost
immediately lets them fall again, the said hooks in their descent catching and
breaking any "double" or "married" yarns before the spindles back off.
I will first describe the mechanism for imparting alternate circular motion to
the hooks. a is the inclined tappet on the back of the mule carriage; b is a hori-
zontal bolt sliding in guides c; d is a spring, attached at one end to the bolt b and
at the other to the roller beam; e is an arm on the bolt b furnished with a friction
roller, against which the inclined face of tappet a acts to move the bolt b from
right to left against the tension of spring d; g is a notch in the underside of the
bolt b;
h is an elbow lever pivoted at i and engaging in the notch g; j is a spring
which keeps the lower end of lever h up to bolt b; k is a stud fixed at back of
bolt b, and embraced by the forked end of a clutch lever Z which oscillates on a
pivot n and operates the clutch o; is the shaft of the front rollers q; r is a pinion
loose on shaft p but capable of being coupled with it by clutch o so as to participate
in the motion of said shaft; 8 is a toothed wheel or disc mounted on a shaft t and
gearing with pinion r; u, v, are pius fixed in discs on opposite sides thereof; x is
an elbow lever pivoted at y and curved to an arc of a circle at its upper
a pitch chain attached to the lower extremity of lever x, and to a pulley w upon
the bar 1 which carries the hooks 2 for breaking the doubled or "married" yarns.
The bar 1 is free to slide longitudinally through the pulley w, but is squared or
provided with a spline so as to be rotated by said pulley. The stud u first acts ou
lever to rotate bar to throw up the hooks 2, and the stud strikes the elbow
lever h at the instant the elbow lever a is free of the stud u, whereby the clutch is
thrown out of gear and the hooks allowed to fall.
end;
is
The mechanism for regulating the longitudinal movement of the bar 1 is very

page_text: simple, the bar 1 is mounted to rotate and also to slide longitudinally in bearings 3
disposed at suitable distances apart the whole length of the roller beam. At any
suitable point of its length the bar is provided with a rectangular groove consisting
of two parallel longitudinal grooves 5, 5¹, united at their ends by circumferential
grooves 6, 6'. A fixed sleeve 7 encloses the slotted part of the bar 1, and is
provided with a stud S, which enters the rectangular slot and prevents the circular
motion of the bar 1, except when one or other of the end grooves 5, 5¹, comes in
line with it. The bar 1 is moved in one direction by the inclined tappet a coming
against an arm 10 fixed to bar 1, and in the other by a spiral spring 9 attached
to the end of the bar 1, and to the roller beam or any other fixed point; j' is a
spring latch which engages in a notch g' in the bar 1, to retain said bar after it is
slid in the one direction by the incline a as above mentioned, so long as during
the rotation of bar I the notch g¹ remains opposite the spring latch j', the position
of the former relatively to the latter being such that the spring will fall into
the notch at the precise moment when the point of intersection of the cross
groove G' with the longitudinal groove 5¹ is occupied by the stud 8, as shown in
Figure 1.
disc 8.
I will now describe the order in which these movements take place. The parts
being in the position of rest (Figure 2) and the bar 1 brought to its extreme right
hand position by spring 9, the stud 8 is at the angle 8 of the left hand groove 6
and the upper longitudinal groove 5' and the hooks 2 are depressed. At the same
time the bolt b is held in its extreme right hand position by spring d, the lever h
is out of notch g, and the fork m having been moved to the right by the pink the
clutch o is out of gear and the shaft rotates without turning the pinion r and
The carriage now runs in, and when within a short distance of the rollers
the tappet a meets the arm 10, and moves the bar 1 from right to left against the
tension of the spring 9 until the right hand groove G¹ comes in line with stud 8,
so that the latter occupies the position S', as shown in Figure 1. The notch g' of
the bar 1 at same time comes opposite the spring latch j', which falls into the
notch and holds the bar 1 in its extremo left hand position (Figure 1). As the
carriage still continues to move back in order to complete its inward run,
the inclined tappet a meets the roller f, and moves bolt b from right to left until
its notch comes opposite the lever h which enters said notch, the bolt b is thus
retained in its left hand position with its spring & in tension. By the movement
of bolt b just described, the pink has oscillated the lever and coupled pinion
with shaft p. The pinion r now rotates disc s, and when the carriage (which after
acting on roller f commenced its outward run) has arrived within a few inches of
the end of its stretch, the stud u on disc & comes in contact with the upper arm of
lever x and oscillates it thereby through chain and pulley w revolving bar 1, so
as to throw the hooks 2 up to the position shown in Figure 3. This rotary
movement of the bar 1 is permitted by the stud 8 being in line with groove 6¹, as
above mentioned, and after the said movement of the bar has taken place the
stud 8 occupies the angle S at the other end of said groove. By the same rotary
movement of bar 1 the notch g' has been turned away from the spring latch j³, so
that the bar 1 being no longer held is moved by the spring 9 from left to right
until the stud 8 occupies the angle 83 at the other end of the longitudinal groove 5.
At this moment and before the carriage has quite completed its outward run, the
other stud v on disc & comes in contact with the upper arm of lever h, oscillates it
and releases its lower end from notch g of bolt b, whereby the latter is moved by
its spring d from left to right, thereby disconnecting pinion r from shaft p. The
disc's is then revolved in the reverse direction by the spiral spring 11 on its axis
(Figure 1), the stud u releases the upper arm of the lever x, and the hooks 2 fall by
their own gravity bringing chains and lever a back to the position shown in
Figure 2. The fall of the hooks is permitted by the groove 6 being in line with the
stud 8 which after such fall once more occupies the angle St. These movements
are repeated in the same sequence at each successive inward and outward run of
the carriage.

page_text: It should be observed that the fall of the hooks is effected before the backing
off occurs at the nearest possible distance from the yarns on the right hand side of the
hooks, and that in their lateral movement the stems of the hooks bring close together
those yarns which may have become married or run double at the last moment just
before the carriage has completed its stretch, so that these yarns will be instantly
twisted together and the marriage or double cannot escape the action of the hooks,
The
even if it has occurred at the instant before the backing off takes place.
severed yarns not having been yet acted on by the faller will be wound upon the
point of the spindle in the form of a ball which may be readily seized for piecing
up without having to feel for the broken end on the build of the cop.
I have described the hook bar 1 as being operated by the front roller shaft, but
in practice it would be preferable to drive them from the back roller shaft, the
speed of the front rollers being too fast, but this change would involve no other
alteration in the arrangements.
Figures 4 and 5, show another mode of operating the hooks. The pulley w
through which the hook carrying bar slides receives alternate circular motion
through a pitch chain 2, attached at one end to the periphery of the pulley, which
it partially encircles, and at the other end to a rod t parallel to the mule head-
stock. This rod t slides in a fixed guide do, and is jointed at ar, to enable its
rear end to rise. The rod t is provided near its rear end with an incline m³,
which rides on a friction roller g, so as to raise the rod t when it is drawn forward.
ch, is a latch jointed to the end of said rod t with which a catch Ts on the carriage
engages (Figure 4) just before it completes its outward run, whereby the rod t is
drawn forward, thus causing the hook shaft 1 to describe an are of a circle in order
to raise the hooks Z above the yarns. After being thus drawn forward the
latch ch, escapes from the nose of the catch by the rising of the rod t, and it then
rests on the horizontal part pt of the catch, thereby causing a projecting nib erg
on the top of bart to engage with the guide bracket chp, in which the roller
is mounted, so as to retain the hooks for a certain time in the raised position, after
which the catch passes beyond the latch ch, the nib erg is disengaged from the
bracket chp, and the rod is returned to its first position by the weight of the
hooks which then fall; on the inward run of the carriage the joint of the latch ch
allows the catch T³ to pass beneath it without acting on the rod t. The hooks
come into action exactly at the same time as in the first arrangement described,
and their lateral movement is also similarly effected. The time during which the
hooks remain raised is not material, although the parts pt, eg, and chp,
Figure 5, serve to prolong this time, but it may be shortened if desired.
II. APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION TO MACHINES IN WHICH THE YARN GUIDE
BAR RECEIVES TO AND FRO MOTION.
"
Some textile fibres, such as cotton, are so hard that were it not for this to and
fro motion, the yarn would speedily cut grooves in the pressing rollers, which
would no longer press sufficiently on the yarns, but allow them to slip. The object
of the to and fro motion is to shift the yarns laterally as they enter between the
back rollers in order to distribute the wear uniformly over the surface of the rollers
so as to avoid cutting these grooves. It is in this case essential that the bar
carrying the hooks for breaking 'double or "married " yarns should move in
perfect accord with the to and fro motion of the yarn guides, and for this purpose
I employ the following arrangement, which is applicable in connection with either
of the two methods of operation above described, and is substituted for the
mechanism previously described for producing the longitudinal movement of the
hook carrying bar. The means for effecting the rotation of the hook carrying bar
are the same, but the hooks themselves have two barbs, one at either side instead
of one only as before, the splay of the hooks being proportional to the distance
between the spindles, and the hooks being placed midway between every two
consecutive yarns. The hooks perform their rising and falling motion at the same

page_text: times as before, but the time during which the hooks are held up whether by
means of the curved lever x or the plate pt of the former arrangements is
absolutely necessary to enable the "double" yarns which are moved aside from
their normal line by the hooks in rising to return thereto before the fall of the
hooks. The to and fro movement of the yarn guide bar and of the hook carrying
bar is derived from the back roller shaft A (see Figures 6 and 7), which for this
purpose has a worm B on its end gearing with a worm wheel C, whose spindle
turns in a bearing D, the wheel being placed beneath the roller shaft in a vertical
plane passing through the axis of said shaft. A crank pin E is fixed on one side of
wheel C at a greater or less distance from the centre of said wheel according to the
extent of to and fro motion to be given to the hook bar F and yarn guide bar H.
These two bars are connected by a bent bar I to which the connecting rod G from
the crank K is jointed at J. The bar I is fixed to the yarn guide bar H, but its
other end is provided with an eye K, in which the end of the hook shaft F is free
to rotate, but which eye is confined between collars so as to move the bar F to and
fro. It will be seen by this simple arrangement that the hook shaft receives the
same amount of to and fro movement as the yarns, the hooks always remaining
midway between them, so that in their rotation the hooks never touch any but
those yarns which have become doubled or married together. This is an important
advantage, as it enables the hooks or devices for breaking the doubled or married
yarns to be used in cotton spinning. I would observe that the to and fro motion
of the hook shaft being equal to that of the yarns the hooks for breaking the
double yarns having but one movement, viz., a rotary one, may be regarded as a
special application of the arrangement first described, for since there is no lateral
movement of the yarns the crank pin may be concentric with the worm wheel, so
that the connecting rod would neither receive or transmit any to and fro motion to
the hook shaft and yarn guides.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th October 1880.
SE
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING
'DOUBLE' IN SPINNING." A communication from abroad by Célestin Paul
Maillard, of Fismes (Marne), France.
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for preventing "double" or
the "marrying" or twisting together of adjacent yarns in mules and other spinning
machinery. The "double or "marriage" breaking devices consist of a series of
barbed or hooked arms carried on a rock shaft or bar, and moved up and down in
the intervals between the yarns; and the chief features of the Invention consist
(1), in imparting to the hook carrying bar or shaft an alternate rectilinear motion
in the direction of its axis, as well as an alternate rotary motion about its axis;
(2), in breaking the "double" yarns by the descent of the hooks (so that the
broken ends do not float above or become entangled with the other yarns); 3rd, in
effecting the severance of the "double" yarns immediately before the backing off
of the spindles; and 4th, in the various combinations and arrangements of
mechanism for producing these movements.
I will proceed to describe by way of example, various modes of carrying out the
Invention adapted to different arrangements of spinning machinery.
I. APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION TO MULES IN WHICH THE YARN GUIDE BAR
DOES NOT RECEIVE TO AND FRO MOTION.
The movements may be imparted in either of two ways, according to the
construction of the machine, the rising and falling motion of the hooks being
derived either from the back or front drawing roller shaft in such manner that the
breaking of the "double" yarns is effected when the carriage has run out almost
quite to the end of its course, that is to say, immediately before the backing off
occurs, and therefore before the winding or putting up.
The lateral movement of the hooks (obtained by the alternate rectilinear motion
of the hook bar) by which they are made to traverse a portion of the interval
between two adjacent yarns, makes it impossible for the yarns which have been
" doubled" or "married" together, to escape the action of the books, since they are
necessarily brought in the path of the barbs or hooks, and which is very important,
should the yarns be doubled or married at the last moment just before the carriage
has completed its outward run, and when the yarns have been but very slightly
twisted together near the spindles, one of the two yarns will be brought up to the
other by the stem of the hook, thus causing the two yarns to be instantly twisted
together throughout their whole length from the spindles up to the rollers, thereby
ensuring the breaking of the yarns which may be "doubled" at the very last
moment before backing off. Another advantage is that the splay of the hooks may
be diminished as they will not fail to catch the "double" yarns, since they bring
them into the plane in which they act. For a similar reason the same hooks,
whatever may be their distance apart, may be used in machines in which the
yarns are differently spaced by simply varying the extent of lateral movement of
the said hooks.
Having thus indicated the principal feature of this improved system for the
breaking of 'double" yarns, I will proceed to describe it with reference to
the accompanying Drawings, in which Figures 1, 2, 3, show an arrangement of
mechanisin for operating the hooks, their rotary motion being in this case derived

page_text: from the first drawing roller shaft; Figure 1 is an elevation of a portion of a mule
having the improvements applied; Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section
showing the position of the parts at the moment the downward movement of
the hook is completed; Figure 3 is a similar section with the hooks raised.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in these three Figures.
The mechanism is actuated from the front drawing roller shaft, and is thrown
into gear by an inclined tappet at back of the carriage, which as the carriage runs
in first acts on the hook carrying bar, so as to move the hooks laterally, and then
throws into gear with the roller shaft mechanism, which when the carriage has
run out again nearly to the end of its course first throws the hooks up, then
allows them to be moved laterally in the opposite direction to that in which they
were first moved, and then almost immediately lets them fall again, the said hooks
in their descent catching and breaking any "double" or "married" yarns before
the spindles back off.
I will first describe the mechanism for imparting alternate circular motion to the
hooks; a (Figure 1) is the inclined tappet on the back of the mule carriage;
b, Figures 1, 2, 3, is a horizontal bolt sliding in guides c; d is a spring, attached at
one end to the bolt b, and at the other to the roller beam; e is an arm on the bolt b
furnished with a friction roller f, against which the inclined face of tappet a acts
to move the bolt b from right to left, thereby distending spring d; g is a notch in
the underside of the bolt 6; h is an elbow lover pivotted at i, and engaging in the
notch g; is a spring which keeps the lower end of lever, up to bolt b; k is
& stud fixed at back of bolt b, and embraced by the forked end m of a clutch
lover 2, which oscillates on a pivot n and operates the clutch o; p is the shaft of
the front rollers g; ris a pinion loose on shaft p, but capable of being coupled with
it by clutch o so as to participate in the motion of said shaft; 8 is a toothed wheel
or disc mounted on a shaft tand gearing with pinion r; u, v, are pins fixed in
disc s on opposite sides thereof; x is an elbow lever pivoted at y, and curved to an
arc of a circle at its upper end; is a pitch chain attached to the lower extremity
of lever and to a pulley w upon the bar 1, which carries the hooks 2 for breaking
the doubled or "married" yarns. The bar 1 is free to slide longitudinally through
the pulley w, but is squared or provided with a spline so as to be rotated by said
pulley. The stud u first acts on lever to rotate bar 1 and throw up the hooks 2,
and at the instant the elbow lever x is free of the stud u the stud v strikes the
elbow lever h, thus unlocking it from the bolt b and permitting the spring d to draw
the said bolt to the right, thus oscillating lever l, whereby the clutch o is thrown out
of gear, and the hooks 2 allowed to fall.
*
The mechanism for regulating the longitudinal movement of the hook bar 1 is
very simple; the bar 1 is free to rotate and also to slide longitudinally in
bearings 3 disposed at suitable distances apart the whole length of the roller-beam.
At any suitable point of its length the bar is provided with a rectangular groove
consisting of two parallel longitudinal grooves 5, 51, united at their ends by
circumferential grooves 6, 6. A fixed sleeve 7 encloses the slotted part of the bar 1
and is provided with a stud 8 which enters the rectangular groove and prevents
the circular motion of the bar 1 except when one or other of the end grooves 5, 51,
comes in line with it. The bar 1 is moved to the left by the inclined tappet a
coming against an arm 10 fixed to bar 1, and to the right by a spiral spring 9
attached to the end of the bar 1 and to the roller beam, or any other fixed point.
is a spring latch which (after the bar 1 has been slid to the left by the incline u
as above mentioned) engages in a notch g' in the bar 1 and thus retains said bar
towards the left so long as the notch g¹ is not, by the rotation of bar 1, turned away
from the latch j¹. The relative position of the notch and latch is such that the
latch will fall into the notch at the precise moment when the point of intersection
of the cross groove 6' with the longitudinal groove 5' is occupied by the stud 8, as
shown in Figure 1.
I will now describe the order in which these movements take place.
The parts
being in the position of rest (Figure 2) and the bar 1 brought to its extreme right

page_text: hand position by spring 9, the stud 8 is at the angle S made by the left hand
groove 6 meeting the upper longitudinal groove 51, and the hooks 2 are depressed.
At the same time the bolt b is held in its extreme right hand position by spring d
the lever is out of notch g, and the fork m having been moved to the right by
the pink, the clutch o is out of gear and the shaft p rotates without turning the
pinion and disc s.
The carriage now runs in, and when within a short distance of the rollers tho
inclined surface of the tappet a meets the arm 10 and moves the bar 1 to the left,
distending the spring 9 until the right hand groove 6¹ comes in line with stud 8,
so that the latter occupies the position 81, as shown in Figure 1. The notch g of
the bar 1 at same time coming opposite the spring latch j¹, the latter falls into
the notch and holds the bar 1 in the position to which it has been moved, Figure 1.
As the carriage still continues to move back in order to complete its inward run, the
inclined tappet a then meets the roller f and moves bolt b to the left until its
notch g comes opposite the lever which enters said notch; the bolt b is thus
retained in its left hand position with its spring d in tension. By the just described
movement of bolt the pin has oscillated the lever and coupled pinion ? with
shaft p by means of clutch o. The pinion now rotates disc 8, and when the
carriage (which after acting on roller ƒ commenced its outward run) has arrived
within a few inches of the end of its stretch, the stud u on disc 8 comes in contact
with the curved upper arm of lever and oscillates it thereby through chain ≈ and
pulley w, revolving bar 1, so as to throw the hooks 2 up to the position shown in
Figure 3. This rotary movement of the bar 1 is permitted by the fixed stud 8,
being in line with groove 61, as above mentioned, and after the said rotary
movement of the bar 1 has taken place, the fixed stud 8 occupies the angle 8ª and
is now in line with groove 5. By the same rotary movement of bar 1 the notch g'
has been turned away from the spring latch 7, so that the bar 1 being no longer
held, is moved by the spring 9 to the right until the stud 8 occupies the angle 83
at the other end of the longitudinal groove 5. At this moment and before the
carriage has quite completed its outward run, the other stud von disc 8 comes in
contact with the upper arm of lever 1, oscillates it, and releases its lower end from
notch g of bolt b whereby the latter is moved by its spring & to the right, thereby
oscillating lever and disconnecting pinion r from shaft p. The disc s is then
revolved in the reverse direction by the spiral spring 11 on its axis (Figure 1), the
stud u releases the upper arm of the lever x, and the looks 2 fall by their own
gravity, bringing chain and lever back to the position shown in Figure 2. The
fail of the hooks is permitted by the groove 6 being in line with the fixed stud 8,
which, after such fall, once more occupies the angle 8 These movements are
repeated in the same sequence at each successive inward and outward run of the
carriage.
It should be observed that the fall of the hooks is effected before the backing
off occurs, and at the smallest possible distance from the yarns on the right hand
sides of the hooks, and that in their lateral movement the stems of the hooks bring
close together those yarns which may have become married or run double at the last
moment just before the carriage has completed its stretch, so that these yarns will
be instantly twisted together and the marriage or double cannot escape the action
of the hooks, even if it has occurred at the instant before the backing off takes
place. The severed yarns not having been yet acted on by the faller will be
wound upon the point of the spindle in the form of a ball which may be readily
seized for piecing up without having to feel for the broken end on the build of
the cop.
1 have described the hook bar 1 as being operated from the front roller shaft,
but in practice it would be preferable to take the motion from the back roller shaft,
the speed of the front rollers being too fast; but this change would involve no
other alteration in the arrangements.
Figures 4 and 5 show another mode of imparting the rising and falling motion
to the books. The pulley w, through which the hook carrying bar slides, receives

page_text: alternate circular motion through a pitch chain attached at one end to the
periphery of the pulley which it partially encircles, and at the other end to a rod
parallel to the mule head-stock. This rod t slides in a fixed guide do, and is jointed
at ar to enable its front end to rise, and it is provided near the front end with
an incline m¹ on its underside, which rides on a friction roller g, so as to raise the
rod when it is drawn forward. ch is a latch jointed to the end of said rod t,
with which a bracket Ts fixed on the carriage engages, as in Figure 4, just before
the carriage completes its outward run, whereby the rod t is drawn forward, thus
causing the hook shaft 1 to describe an arc and so raise the hook above the
yarns. After being thus drawn forward the latch ch escapes from the end of the
bracket by the incline m' riding on the roller g and so raising the rod t, and the
latch then rests on the horizontal part pt of the bracket, thereby causing a
projecting nib erg on the top of bar to engage with the guide chp in which
the roller is mounted, so as to retain the hooks for a certain time in the raised
position. The bracket pt by the continued outward run of the carriage then
passes beyond the latch ch, the nib erg is disengaged from the guide ch p, and
the rod is returned to its first position by the weight of the hooks, which then fall.
On the inward run of the carriage the latch ch being jointed allows the bracket T³
to pass beneath it without moving the rod. The hooks come into action exactly
at the same time as in the first arrangement described, and their lateral movement
is also similarly effected. The time during which the hooks remain raised is not
material, although the parts pt, erg, and chp, Figure 5, serve to prolong this
time, but it may be shortened if desired.
II. APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION TO MACHINES IN WHICH THE YARN GUIDE
BAR RECEIVES TO AND FRO MOTION.
"
Some textile fibres such as cotton are so hard that were it not for this to and
fro notion of the yarn guides the yarn would speedily cut grooves in the top
rollers, which would no longer press sufliciently on the yarns but allow them to
slip. The object of the to and fro motion is to shift tho yarns laterally as they
enter between the back rollers in order to distribute the wear uniformly over
the surface of the rollers, so as to avoid cutting these grooves. It is in this
case essential that the bar carrying the hooks for breaking "double" or "married
yarns should move in perfect accord with the to and fro motion of the yarn guides,
and for this purpose 1 employ the following arrangement, which is applicable in
connection with either of the two methods of imparting the rising and falling
movements of the hooks above described, and is substituted for the mechanism
previously described for producing the longitudinal movement of the hook carrying
bar. The means for effecting the partial rotation of the hook carrying bar are the
same, but the hooks themselves have two barbs one at either side instead of one
only as before, the splay of the hooks being proportional to the distance between
the spindles and the hooks being placed midway between every two contiguous
yarns. The hooks perform their rising and falling notion at the same time as
before, but the time during which the books are held up, whether by means of the
curved lever or the part pl of the former arrangements, is absolutely necessary
to enable the "double" yarus which are moved aside from their normal line by the
barbs of the hooks in rising to return thereto before the fall of the hooks.
Referring to Figures 6 and 7, the to and fro movement of the yarn guide bar and
of the hook carrying bar is derived from the back roller shaft A instead of from
the incline a on the carriage, the notch g', spring catch j', and spring 9 being
dispensed with. For this purpose shaft A has a worm B ou its end gearing with
a worm wheel C whose spindle turns in a bearing D, the wheel being placed
beneath the roller shaft in a vertical plane, passing through the axis of said shaft.
A crank pin E is fixed on one side of wheel C at a greater or less distance from
the centre of said wheel, according to the extent of to and fro motion to be given
to the hook bar F and yarn guide bar H. These two bars are connected by a

page_text: bracket. I, to which the connecting rod G from the crank K is jointed at J. The
bracket I is fixed to the yarn guide bar H, but its other end is provided with an
eye K in which the end of the hook shaft F is free to rotate, but which eye is
confined between collars so as to move the bar F to and fro. It will be seen by
this simple arrangement that the hook shaft receives to and fro movement equal
to and simultaneous with that of the yarn guides, the hooks thus always remaining
midway between the yarns which retain their normal position, so that in their
rotation the hooks never touch any but those yarns which have become doubled
or married together. This is an important advantage, as it enables the hooks or
devices for breaking the doubled or married yarns to be used in cotton spinning.
I would observe that as the lateral to and fro motion of the hook shaft
corresponds to that of the yarns, the hooks do not vary in position laterally
relatively to the yarns, and therefore an arrangement in which the hooks have
only the movement of rotation is a possible modification of the arrangement just
described, in which case, as the yarns are not to receive any lateral movement, the
radius of the crank pin may be reduced to zero, so that the connecting rod would
not receive or transinit any to and fro motion to the hook shaft and yarn guides.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is, -
"
1st. An apparatus for preventing "double" in spinning, in which the devices,
whereby the "doubled yarns are severed, receive to and fro motion laterally
combined with alternate circular or up and down motion, substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
2nd. An apparatus for preventing "double" in mules for spinning, which severs
the "double" yarns by the falling movement of the book just before the carriage
has quite completed its outward run and before backing off, substantially as and
for the purpose specified.
3rd. The respective arrangements of mechanism for imparting the to and fro
lateral motion, and the alternate circular or up and down motion to the
double twist breaking devices, combined to operate substantially as shown and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.