Improvements in Bicycles and Tricycles.
Year: 1889

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 18th day of April 1891, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Date of Application, 27th Dec., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th Sept., 1890-Accepted, 1st Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bicycles and Tricycles.
We, JOHN CHESHIRE and SIMON HYATT OAKLEY, trading as John Cheshire and
Company, of Lennox Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction and arrangement of bicycles, tricycles,
and other similar machines, and its object is, to provide an improved method and
arrangement of chain driving gear, whereby the speed of the machine may be varied
at the will of the rider, so that a quick or slow speed may be adopted, as may be
desired; also, means for throwing such chain gear into or out of gear; also, to provide
that the vibrations necessarily imparted to the machine when running, shall be
absorbed or lessened, upon the frame of the machine and consequently less felt
by the rider; also an improved arrangement of applying the brake to such
machines.
As before intimated, this our invention is applicable, by variation in detail, to either
bicycles or tricycles, but we will assume for descriptions sake, its application to the
former.
Upon each side of the rear wheel is provided a chain gear wheel, communicating
by driving chain, with two similar wheels carried upon or in connection with the
treadle arbor. These wheels are suitably arranged as to diameter, according to the
variation of speed required, for instance, the two wheels upon the one side may be
of equal diameter, while upon the other side the wheel at the treadle end may be half
the diameter of the wheel at the rear wheel end; this would mean that the machine
when driven by the one side, would travel half the speed, that it would when driven
by the opposite side. These wheels run loosely upon the said arbor, and are provided
with clutch gear at their sides, which take into sliding or fixed clutches upon
the arbor.
A spring arrangement is (preferably) provided, whereby the slow speed has always
a tendency to engage in gear.
A lever arrangement, or combined lever and slide arrangement, is further provided,
whereby the rider can at will throw the quick speed into gear either by the foot
or by hand. This quick speed when in gear, overrides or overtakes the slow
speed.
That part of the frame, which is connected to, or carried upon the front steering
post, is made capable. of a sliding motion thereon, and is supported somewhat as
follows:-
:-
Upon the said post are provided outstanding projections, to which are attached
spiral springs, and to these springs is further connected the aforesaid part of the
frame, so that the weight of the said frame is carried direct upon the springs.
Thus the vibrations given to the machine by reason of running over rough roads &c.,
is spent more or less upon the springs, and thereby lessening their effect upon the
rider.

page_text: These springs may be either in tension or compression, and may if desired be
mounted direct upon the post itself.
Usually the brake upon these machines is carried upon a fulcrum joint, and is of
a lever like form, by which the one end is pressed upon the tyre.
In this our
invention however, we carry the said brake quite free upon the lower end of the
brake rod, so that upon the brake being applied, it takes an equal bearing along its
surface upon the tyre, thus increasing its power, and lessening the wear upon the
said tyre.
Dated this 24th day of December. 1889.
CHARLES T. POWELL,
Applicants' Agent.
Improvements in Bicycles and Tricycles.
We JOHN CHESHIRE, and SIMON HYATT OAKLEY, trading as John Cheshire and
Company, of Lennox Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick Manufacturers
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to he particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the construction and arrangement of bicycles, tricycles and
other similar machines, and its object is, to provide an improved method and arrange-
ment of chain driving gear, whereby the speed of the machine may be varied at the
will of the rider, so that a quick or slow speed may be adopted, as may be desired;
also; means for throwing such chain gear into or out of gear; also, to provide that the
vibrations necessarily imparted to the machine when running, shall be absorbed
or lessened, upon certain parts of the frame of the machine and consequently less felt
by the rider.
As before intimated this our invention is applicable, by variation in detail, to
either bicycles or tricycles, but we will assume for description's sake, its application
to the former.
Upon each side of the rear wheel is provided a chain gear wheel, communicating
by driving chains, with two similar wheels carried upon or in connection with the
treadle arbor. These wheels are suitably arranged as to diameter according to the
variation of speed required, for instance, the two wheels upon the one side may be
of equal diameter, while upon the other side the wheel at the treadle end may be half
the diameter of the wheel at the rear wheel end; this would mean that the machine
when driven by the one side would travel balf the speed, that it would when driven
by the opposite side.
These wheels run loosely upon the said arbor, and are provided with clutch gear
at their sides, which take into sliding or fixed clutches upon the arbor.
A spring arrangement is (preferably) provided whereby the slow speed has always
a tendency to engage in gear.
A lever arrangement or combined lever and slide arrangement is further provided
whereby the rider can at will throw the quick speed into gear either by the
foot or by hand. This quick speed when in gear, overrides or overtakes the
slow speed.
That A part of the frame, which is connected to, or carried upon the front steering
post, is made capable of a sliding motion thereon, and is supported somewhat as
follows:
Upon the said post are provided outstanding projections, to which are attached
spiral springs, and to these springs is further connected the aforesaid part of the
frames, so that the weight of the said part of the frame is carried direct upon the
springs. Thus the vibrations given to the machine by reason of running over rough
roads &c., is spent, more or less upon the springs, and thereby lessening their effect

page_text: пропише пает.
These spinge may
desired be mounted direct upon the post itself.
We will now proceed to more fully explain this our invention having reference to
the accompanying illustrative sheet of drawings upon which are figures and letters of
reference, similar letters referring throughout the several views to the same thing or
part, and in which :-
Fig. 1 is a general view in elevation, of these my improvements as applied to a
bicycle.
Fig. 2 is a front view of part of the machine.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail part view of the steering post &c. showing the anti-
vibrating spring arrangement.
Fig. 4 is a detached detail view of part of the mechanism for throwing in and out
of gear the clutches.
Fig.
5 is a side view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a detached plan view of that part of the mechanism for throwing the
clutches in and out of gear, which is connected to and completes that shown in Figs. 4
and 5.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail view of the treadle arbor, showing the varying speed
wheels and clutches.
Upon each side of the rear wheel a, is provided a chain gear wheel b, 61 (see
Fig. 1) communicating by means of the driving chains c, c with the two similar
chain gear wheels d, d upon the treadle arbor (see Figs. 1 and 7).
It will be seen that the wheel upon the rear wheel is smaller in diameter than
its corresponding wheel d¹ upon the treadle arhor, while the wheels b and d are of
equal diameter. Thus when the machine is propelled by means of the wheels b¹
and d', the rear wheel makes more revolutions than the treadle arbor, which when it
is being driven by the wheels band d it makes but the same number of revolution*,
and consequently goes slower, but with a corresponding increase of power, and so
hills may be ascended with much greater ease.
The wheels d, d¹ run loosely upon the treadle arbor (see Fig. 7) and are provided
with clutches e, e', which take into sliding clutches f, f. The sliding motion of the
clutches, is controlled by the lever &c. arrangement, (shown in detail in
Figs. 1, 4, 5 and 6), in which g is a fixture upon the frame, carrying the fulcrum
stud at h, upon which the lever moves. Looking at this lever in front view Fig. 4,
it will be seen that upon the joint are carried two levers i and j, the upper end of
the lever j, extending to and engaging with the crank lever k. Thus the lever is
oscillated upon its joint by means of the said crank k, its lower end engaging with
the sliding clutch (see Fig. 7) and accordingly throwing it into or out of gear with
the wheel d. The lower end m of the lever i, engages with the clutch f, its upper
end engaging with a spring n which always tends to keep it in gear therewith.
At o, o are foot pedals, so that the rider can by pressing with the foot upon the
pedal o, throw the clutch f¹ into gear with the large wheel for the quick speed, and
by pressing the pedal o' can again throw the clutch out of gear.
Again. To the frame of the machine is attached a tubular bearing p or its
equivalent, carrying an internal part rotating spindle, the lower end of which is
secured to the crank k, whilst its upper end is secured to the crank 4, (see also Fig. 6).
To this crank g are attached the one end of two rods and r', which are further
carried in loose bearings s, s¹ upon the handle bar t, and then terminating in a hook
form, within reach of the hand. Thus the rider may at will, throw the quick or slow
speeds into gear by the two said rods r, r¹, for by pulling the rod with the thumb
(without removing his hand from the handle) he throws into gear the clutch f',
by pulling the rod similarly he throws it out of gear.
and
By reason of the two varied chains being always in simultaneous motion, it follows
that when the quick speed wheel d¹ is in gear, the wheel d, is driven at a greater rate
than its clutch and therefore overrides or overtakes it, should it not be quite clear of
gearing with it.

page_text: Again. The part u of the frame, which is connected to, or carried upen the
steering post is capable of a sliding motion upon such sliding post. Upon the post
are provided-outstanding projections v, v'; to which are attached-springs-w-w', their
upper part being connected to the plate x, upon which latter rides or rests the frame-u,
so that the weight of the rider and frame is carried direct upon the springs w,w=
These springs may be duplicated, that is, they may be put at the top as well as at the
bottom, by providing upon the frame--the plate-y, which carries the springs-;-';
these-springs being again connected to a plate a fixed upon the steering-post: So
that the frame-u in an upward tendency to lift is resisted by the springs-2, 1, in
compression, and in a-downward tendency is resisted by the springs-w, w¹-in-com-
pression thus reducing the effect of vibrations upon the frame, and hence upon the
rider.
Further, in some instances, in order to still further reduce the vibrations upon
the rider, the plate y may be is an extension of the lever 2, which is fulcrumed
at c², and upon the rear end of which is carried the saddle &c., as seen in
Fig. 1. The weight of the rider compresses, and is carried by, the springs z, z¹, so that
the vibrations upon the machine when running, are more or less absorbed by the said
springs, and consequently less felt by the rider.
.
Upon the fixed part 9 (Fig. 1) is carried a check plate, capable of a sliding
motion upon a square shank and pressed outwards by means of spring j. Also
upon the lever is provided a stud or nipple k' which rides against the face of the
plate ', until the said stud, comes opposite to either one of the two holes or
recesses, 1, when the two engage with each other, retaining the lever that
given position, that is, with the clutch fin or out of gear with its wheel d¹.
We further here wish to disclaim the use of the part u, sliding upon the steering post
or wheel fork; and also to disclaim the use of the springs w, w', and plates v. v' both in
this our Specification and upon the drawings annexed thereto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In bicycles and tricycles, the combination and arrangement, with the treadle
arbor of two different speed driving chain. gear wheels d, d', communicating by means
of chains with the driving wheel a, constructed and operating substantially as described
and illustrated.
2. In bicycles and tricycles, the combination, with the treadle arbor, chain driving
wheels, and their clutch gear, of the foot lever i and j arrangement, constructed and
operating substantially as described and shown.
3. The combination with the driving clutch gear, and the throwing in and out
mechanism, of the extended arrangement whereby such gear may be thrown in and
out by hand, substantially as described and shown.
4. The combination with the frame u, and steering post of a bicycle or tricycle-of
the double-antivibration springs-w-w',-, :', constructed and operating substantially
as described and illustrated.
5. The combination with the antivibrating springs, 21, of the lever 12, carrying in
the saddle &c., substantially as described and illustrated.
6. The general combination and arrangement of the parts constituting these my
improvements in the varied or double chain driving gear of different speeds and. the
clutch gear, and throwing in and out of gear mechanism together with the anti-
vibrating mechanism, substantially as described and illustrated upon the drawings
according to this our amendment.
Dated this 26th day of September 1890.
CHARLES T. POWELL,
Applicants' Agent.