IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE SHOE NAILS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR " PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Sealy Allin of 12 Woodstock Road Bedford
Park in the County of Middlesex Gentleman for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE SHOE NAILS AND OTHER ARTICLES
OF A SIMILAR NATURE AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Sealy Allin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1883.
SAMUEL SEALY ALLIN of 12 Woodstock Road Bedford Park in the County
of Middlesex Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE
SHOE NAILS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE AND IN THE MEANS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR"
The object of this Invention is the simplification of the manufacture of Horse
Shoe and other Nails by substituting for the complicated processes now employed;
one which will make and as nearly as possible complete the nail in one operation
and will produce from similar material a nail of better quality than those made
heretofore.
My improvements may be thus described.
I place in suitable framing, a mould open at top and bottom of the exact form of
the outline of the nail to be made. I place below this mould a vibrating anvil
which when in position forms the bottom of the mould, and which is automatically
removed to permit the discharge of the completed nail and again replaced with a
tightening action to receive the metal from which the next nail is to be formed,
which metal is intermittently fed into the mould by suitable feed rolls, whose
surfaces are so shaped that they also give the metal approximately the form of the
nail, and being carried in adjustable bearings will by increasing or diminishing the
space between them regulate as may be required the quantity of metal delivered to
the mould. Above the mould I place a hammer stock to which I give motion by
any suitable agency say by a cam or other equivalent. In the lower end of this
stock I place the hammer head the face of which is of the same shape as the
interior of the mould of which when lowered it forms the top side.

page_text: In the lower end of the hammer stock where the head is connected I make a
slot in which the pivot carrying the head is supported, and in which it is caused to
slide to and fro by an eccentric or its equivalent for the purpose of giving it a
rocking motion during the compression of the metal, the face of the baminer being
so shaped as to admit of this rocking the object of which is to force the metal
from the part of the nail blank where the hammer head first strikes to either end,
and I so arrange that the pressure shall be greatest at the head and point where
the greatest hardness is required this 1 effect by adjusting the cam accordingly.
On the hammer stock at the end next the feed rolls is fixed a cutter which
descends with the stock into a transverse slot in the mould and both cuts off the
nail blank, and forms the head end of the mould, the point end which is very
narrow being left open to permit the escape of any superfluous material.
I can deal with the rods either hot or cold but in general. practice I prefer to
heat the rods in a suitable furnace or hearth, using however tuyeres or tubes
through which the rods pass from it to the machine in contact with Hame or heated
gases to keep up their temperature until they reach the hammer.
The nails when made are subjected to friction in a "rumbler" to clean them and
remove scale and fin.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel Sealy Allin in the Patent Office on the 20th February 1884.
SAMUEL SEALY ALLIN of 12 Woodstock Road Bedford Park in the County of
Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE SHOE NAILS AND
OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
"
The object of this Invention is the simplification of the manufacture of Horse
Shoe and other Nails by substituting for the complicated processes now employed,
one which will make and as nearly as possible complete the nail in one operation
and will produce from similar material a nail of better quality than those made
heretofore.
My improvements may be thus described
I place in suitable fraining a mould open at top and bottom, of the exact form
of the outline of the nail to be made. I place below this mould a vibrating anvil,
which when in position forms the bottom of the mould and which is automatically
removed to permit the discharge of the completed nail and again replaced with a
tightening action to receive the metal from which the next nail is formed, which
metal is intermittently fed into the mould by suitable feed rolls whose surfaces are
so shaped that they also give the metal approximately the form of the nail and
being carried in adjustable bearings will by increasing or diminishing the space
between them regulate as may be required the quantity of metal delivered to the
mould. Above the mould I place a hammer stock to which I give motion by any
suitable agency say by a cam or other equivalent. In the lower end of this stock
I place the hammer head the face of which is of the same shape as the interior of
the mould of which when lowered it forms the top side.
In the lower end of the hammer stock where the head is connected I make a
slot in which the pivot carrying the head is supported, and in which it is caused to
slide to and fro by an eccentric, or its equivalent for the purpose of giving it a
rocking motion during the compression of the metal, the face of the hammer being
so shaped as to admit of this rocking the object of which is to force the metal from
the part of the nail blank where the hammer head first strikes to either end, and I
so arrange that the pressure shall be greatest at the head and point where the
greatest hardness is required. This I effect by adjusting the cam accordingly
On the hammer stock at the end next the feed rolls is fixed a cutter which
descends with the stock into a transverse slot in the mould and both cuts off the
nail blank, and forms the head end of the mould the point end which is very
narrow being left open to prevent the escape of any superfluous material.
I can deal with the rois either hot or cold but in general practice I prefer to
heat the rods in a suitable furnace or hearth, using however tuyers or tubes
through which the rods pass from it to the machine in contact with flame or heated
gases to keep up their temperature until they reach the hammer.
The nails when made are subjected to friction in a "rumbler" to clean them
and remove scale and fin.
:
In order that the Invention may be well understood and explained in detail I
have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale of three inches to
the foot similar letters of reference being marked upon corresponding parts on all
the Figures alike

page_text: Fig 2. represents a transverse sectional elevation of Fig 1. this view also shews
the manner in which the metal rod out of which the nails are formed are fed to
the machine.
Figs 3, 4, and 5. represent respectively detached sectional elevation plan and end
views of the hammer head and parts in connection therewith, and
Figs and 7 represent full size the hammer head in elevation and a plan view of
the mould in which the nail is formed.
In these Figs a.a. is the framing to which is secured the cross bearers b. b.
supporting the mould c (seen enlarged at Fig 6 and 7) which is made of steel or
chilled iron open at the top and bottom and of the exact outline of the finished
nail. This mould c which is a little thicker than the head of tho nail to be formed
in it. I make in two parts for convenience of manufacture, and in order to admit
of one or both sides drawing a little backwards if desired when the nail is finished
to facilitate its expulsion half of the form of the nail being recessed in each part
and with an opening d at the point end to permit the escape of any superfluous
inaterial. Between the bearers b. b. and below the mould c I place an anvil e
resting on the pillow e¹ let into the top of the casting standing on the bed
plate the height or position of the anvil e is adjusted or regulated by means of
the wedge h. This anvil o which stands under the mould c and forms the base or
bottom portion thereof whilst the nail is being forged is when the nail is made
drawn, to one side so as to permit the finished nail under the pressure of the
hammer head to drop out. The anvil is withdrawn and again replaced by the
action of the cam l on the driving shaft m through the medium of the link k.
This cam the cams n and m which bring the hammer i down on to the metal in
the mould the eccentric o. which gives such hammer a rocking motion the feed
rollers are all connected or geared together so as to enable the whole of the parts
acting upon the metal in the mould to work in unison and at the right instant of
time. The driving shaft m carrying the can also carries the pair of cams n
and n placed outside the framing a one on each side thereof. These cams n and n
are connected by the rods.q' q with the hammer stock 7. The position of such
hammer on such rods q₁ q' can be readily adjusted by means of the lock
nuts The spiral springs. 9³ ³ bearing against projections, qq from the
framing being provided for the purpose of raising the hammer after each depression
by the cams n and n
The hammer stock slides in a guido, formed in the uprights of the framing a.
The lower part of the hammer stock q carries the hammer head in such a manner
that it is free to slide to and fro when acted upon by the eccentric o through the
rod o. The attachment of such, rod to the hammer head may be effected either
by means of a supporting pivot passing through a slot in the hammer stock and
to the hammer head in which such pivot can slide, or such pivot may pass through
and be secured to the carriage which is mounted and slides on the under surface
of the hammer stock q and this latter method I prefer as giving a larger wearing
surface to the parts in frictional contact. If the pivot passes through the hammer
stock q the cutter & (seen more clearly at Figs 4 and 5) which cuts off the nail from
the metal rod and closes in, the larger end of the mould is, most conveniently fixed
to the hammer, stock q but with the pivot passing through the sliding carriage r it
is better fixed to the anvil e as shewn where it is more, out of the way. The
eccentric rod o being connected to the carriage to which the hammer head, is
attached by its motion causes the hammer head to, roll or rock backward and
forward on the nail blank whilst in the mould, kneading it so, to say and pressing
some of its material towards both, head and point so squaring up, and compressing
the head and elongating and hardening the point. The concentric section of the
working part of the hammer bead it is as nearly as possible shaped to the form
of the cavity d' of the mould (see. Figs and 7), in which it rocks but its bottoin
profile is a seginental curve of a slightly longer radius at the ends as shewn in
dots (Fig 6) recessed to the form of the finished nail shewn in dark lines or full in
.1

page_text: order to increase the pressure on the head and point of the nail, an object which is
also attained by making the distance from the centre on which the hammer turns
to its face less than the radius of the curve to which the face is struck or the same
object can be attained by the formation of the cams n and n' which give pressure
to the hammer. With the object of regulating this varying pressure I make the
throw of the eccentric o variable by means of the sliding block o' and set
screws 03 03 as, whilst the other means described for obtaining increased pressure
on head and point of nail cannot be altered without removing the working parts
such pressure can be readily altered and regulated by adjusting the throw of the
eccentric whilst the machine is working. The crown of the hammer head (see
Fig 3) has pressure exerted upon it by the spring which causes it when not
otherwise acted upon to assume its proper or normal position.
The feed rollers p. p. (see Fig 2) which are two or more pairs according to the
thickness of the metal rod to be swaged down and fed by them to the action of
the hammer have no special feature, they are preferably set with the axis of one pair
at right angles to those of the preceding pair, and their surfaces are cut into
grooves which diminish in each pair the shanks of the nail but leave portions of
the rod thick to form the heads of the blanks which travel through in a connected
string. The said feed rollers may be driven by any usual means.
The action of the machine and process of producing the nail may be described
as follows:-
The rod which has been heated in a proper furnace is fed into the first pair of
feed rolls which reduce the portions of the rod which become the shanks and point
of the nails, leaving the top of the heads unreduced, from these it passes into the
next pair which produce a further reduction and if a still further reduction is
necessary into others from which it is delivered into the mould the action of the
feed rolls being timed to do this when the cams raise the hammer. As the hammer
descends the anvil is moved into its place under the mould and the knife which is
attached to it cuts off the nail, closes the large end of the mould, and furnishes a
stay against which the action of the rocking hammer worked by the eccentric
presses up the head.
The cams which give the downwards pressure to the hammer are connected by.
spur gear with the eccentric shaft and I prefer so to gear them that the eccentric
shall make four strokes during one movement of the hammer stock.
When the nail blank is in the mould the hammer head descends on it, striking
it first near its centre at which point it compresses it to its proper thickness, the.
material removed by this pressure being prevented spreading at the edges by the
sides of the mould is forced to move before the hammer towards the head and point
as the hammer successively rocks in each direction.-The first stroke of the
eccentric begins just when the hammer head gets firm pressure on the nail blank
and causes it to rock up towards the head thence down to the point and back to
the centre again or vice versa the pressure of the cams causing it to grip the nail
blank firmly and roll on it without slipping. The second stroke of the eccentric
is identical in its action on the nail blank with the first except that the portions
of the cams which exercise pressure during the instant that the hammer head is
bearing on the head and point being a little fuller an increased pressure is brought
to bear on those parts. During the third stroke of the eccentric the anvil is
withdrawn and simultaneously the hammer head acted on by the cams descends
flush with the bottom of the mould thus rocking on an unsupported nail causes it
to drop out into a receptacle below. During the fourth stroke of the excentric the
hammer is raised, another nail blank fed in, the anvil returned, and the hammer
head is back at the point where the first stroke began.-The nail rod in passing
from one pair of rolls to the next and from feed rolls to the mould, travels through
guides to which heat is applied to keep up its temperature, and the nails after they
leave the mould are thoroughly scoured in a rumbler to remove all fin scale and
roughness from edges and points

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention together with the means
I adopt for performing the same I wish it to be understood that what I claim as
new and as of my Invention in a Nail Making Machine is
First The mould in which the Nail is formed constructed in two parts open at top
and bottom in the manner as herein substantially described setforth and
illustrated in the drawings annexed.
Second Providing the end of the mould where the point of the Nail is formed
with a space or opening which communicates with its interior and through
which any superfluous material left after the point is formed is allowed
to escape in the manner herein substantially described and setforth in the
drawings annexed.
Third So constructing and supporting the anvil that it can be placed in position
so as to form the bottom of the mould whilst the nail is being forged, and
afterwards withdrawn so as to permit the finished nail to drop in mannor
as herein substantially described setforth and illustrated in the drawings
annexed.
Fourth A rocking or rolling hammer of the form of the nail working in a mould,
Fifth So shaping setting and actuating the rolling or rocking hammer that whilst
forging a nail it can work on the blank not merely in either, but both
directions, substantially in the manner as herein described.
Sixth The production of differential pressures on the head and point of the nail
blank while being forged by means of cams so shaped as to produce the
pressure at the moment it is needed, or by their equivalents namely, the
forming the profile of the hammer head with a radius slightly longer at the
head and point ends than at the intermediate part, or by curving the profile
of the hammer bead to a radius longer than the distance from the face to
the point on which it turns, and any of these in connection with an cocentric
with variable throw substantially as described.
Seventh The employment of the knife which cuts off the nail blank to close the
large end of the mould whilst the nail is being forged substantially as
herein before described and
Eighth The general arrangement of the machine and conformation and disposition
of parts substantially as hereinbefore described setforth and fully illustrated
in the drawings annexed.
In witness whereof I the said Samuel Sealy Allin have hereunto set my band
and seal this eighteenth day of February in the year of Our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.
Witness
THOMAS WRIGLEY.
S. SEALY ALLIN (L.S.)