IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND DISINTEGRATING ORES, ROCK, STONE, CHALK, CLAY, CEMENT, CLINKERS, LIME, BONES, AND OTHER MATERIALS OF A BRITTLE OR CLOGGY NATURE; AND FOR MINCING, MASTICATING, OR DISINTEGRATING FISH, FLESH, OFFAL, BONES, AND CERTAIN MANURES; AND FOR MIXING CONCRETE; AND FOR PREPARING THE MATERIALS FOR CEMENT MAKING; AND FOR SOME OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Robert Milburn, of Hatcham Iron Works,
Pomeroy Street, New Cross Road, in the County of Surrey, and
Henry Jackson, of 16, Park Square, Leeds, in the County of York,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREAKING,
CRUSHING, AND DISINTEGRATING ORES, ROCK, STONE, CHALK, CLAY, CEMENT,
CLINKERS, LIME, BONES, AND OTHER MATERIALS OF A BRITTLE OR CLOGGY
NATURE; AND FOR MINCING, MASTICATING, OR DISINTEGRATING FISH, FLESH,
OFFAL, BONES, AND CERTAIN MANURES; AND FOR MIXING CONCRETE; AND
FOR PREPARING THE MATERIALS FOR CEMENT MAKING; AND FOR SOME OTHER
PURPOSES."
Scaled the 7th September 1875, and dated the 12th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Milburn and
Henry Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th March 1875.
We, ROBERT MILBURN, of Hatcham Iron Works, Pomeroy Street,
New Cross Road, in the County of Surrey, and HENRY JACKSON, of 16,
Park Square, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the

page_text: nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREAKING,
CRUSHING, AND DISINTEGRATING ORES, ROCK, STONE, CHALK, CLAY, CEMENT,
CLINKERS, LIME, BONES, AND OTHER MATERIALS OF A BRITTLE OR CLOGGY NATURE;
AND FOR MINCING, MASTICATING, OR DISINTEGRATING FISH, FLESH, OFFAL, BONES,
AND CERTAIN MANURES; AND FOR MIXING CONCRETE; AND FOR PREPARING THE
MATERIALS FOR CEMENT MAKING; AND FOR SOME OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention has for its object in the first place to effect the
breaking, crushing, or disintegrating of ores, rock, stone, chalk, bones,
cement, clinkers, lime, and somo other substances preparatory to
grinding. The materials to be operated upon are placed in a hopper
fixed over the machine, in which hopper are mounted at a suitable
distance apart two square shafts, which revolve in opposite directions.
The said shafts may have teeth or projections mounted or cast upon
them, in which case they may be formed round instead of square. The
material to be crushed. or disintegrated falls upon the revolving shafts,
and all such picces or portions as are too large to pass through the space.
between the shafts receive the preliminary crushing or disintegrating.
In some instances one or more similar pairs of shafts may be mounted
below the first-named pair, the shafts in cach successive pair being placed
nearer to each other, and having finer or smaller projections in order to
break down the material more and more as it passes between them.
After passing between the said shafts or series of shafts the material
falls between a pair of rollers, having lateral grooves or teeth cast or
cut or formed on their peripheries. We so arrange the breaking down
shafts with respect to the said rollers as that the material receives a
further disintegration by reason of one of the breaking down shafts
revolving near to one of the grooved rollers, the said shafts being by
preference placed over one of tho said rollers so that the material falls
on the said roller, and is carried thereby beneath the contiguous breaking
shaft and downwards to be operated upon by the combined rollers. The
projections on each roller are arranged so as to fit or gear into the spaces
of the opposite roller. These grooved rollers, which in most cases we
prefer to drive at different speeds, also revolve towards each other, and
give the main and final crushing action. The size of the pieces after
being thus broken up depends upon the size of the grooves in the
rollers and the distances they are set apart. In some cases we also
prefer in addition to flute the rollers longitudinally in one or more

page_text: places. Under or at the side of these rollers we fix scrapers or rakes in
order to clean the grooves at each revolution, and so to prevent them
from clogging. The whole apparatus is enclosed in a casing, and the
shafts and rollers are driven by suitable gearing.
Our Invention has for its object in the second place to effect the
mincing or macerating of flesh, fish, and some other materials, or tho
mixing of the same for domestic purposes, or for preparation into
manures. Under the crushing machine already described in the first
part of our Invention we mount a cylinder or drum covered or partially
covered with knives. This cylinder or drum is caused to revolve quickly
against a concave shell also fitted with knives, the said concave shell
being adjustable, so that the two sets of knives may be brought as close
to each other as may be desirable. The materials as they fall from the
crusher pass between the rotatory and fixed knives, and are minced or
disintegrated to any desired degree of fineness.
Our Invention consists in the third place of an improved method of
making concrete, and of preparing and mixing the materials used in
the making of cement. Below the breaking and crushing machine
described in the first part of our Invention we arrange a circular or
semicircular trough, in or over which we mount a shaft to which are
fixed knives or blades, which are arranged to have a screwing action.
When making concrete we feed the materials continuously into the
hopper, adding a suitable quantity of water. The stones or other solid
materials become crushed and reduced nearly to an uniform size when
passing through the said breaking and crushing machine, and the whole
of the materials are also mixed therein to some extent, and are further
mixed when passing through the said trough, and are delivered there-
from in a continuous stream. In this apparatus any suitable kind or
size of materials may be made into concrete without previous breaking.
When preparing the materials for cement making we also feed the chalk
and mud or other suitable materials into the hopper along with a
suitable quantity of water. The chalk and any fluids it may contain
are broken up and mixed with the mud when passing through the
crusher. The materials are further mixed in the aforesaid trough, and
are delivered therefrom in a continuous stream in a viscid state, and in
a suitable condition to be ground in mills into "slurry."

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Milburn and Henry Jackson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 11th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
MILBURN, of Hatcham Iron Works, Pomeroy Street, New Cross Road,
in the County of Surrey, and HENRY JACKSON, of 16, Park Square,
Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
of
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of March, in the year
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, tho said Robert Milburn and Henry Jackson, Her
special license, that we, the said Robert Milburn and Henry Jackson,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Robert Milburn and Henry Jackson, our executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND DISINTEGRATING ORES, ROCK, STONE, CHALK, CLAYS,
CEMENT, CLINKERS, LIME, BONES, AND OTHER MATERIALS OF A BRITTLE OR CLOGGY
NATURE; AND FOR MINCING, MASTICATING, OR DISINTEGRATING FISH, FLESH,
Offal, Bone, aND CERTAIN MANURES; AND FOR MIXING CONCRETE; AND FOR
PREPARING THE MATERIALS FOR CEMENT MAKING; AND FOR SOME OTHER PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Robert Milburn
and Henry Jackson, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of tho said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Jackson, for myself, and on

page_text: be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our Invention has for its object in the first place to effect the
breaking, crushing, or disintegrating of ores, stone, chalk, bones, cement,
clinkers, lime, and some other substances preparatory to grinding. The
materials to be operated upon are placed in a hopper fixed over the
machine, in or below which hopper are mounted at a suitable distance
apart two square shafts which revolve in opposite directions. The
material to be crushed or disintegrated falls upon the revolving shafts,
and all such picces or portions as are too large to pass through the space
between the shafts receive the preliminary crushing or disentegrating.
In some instances one or more similar pairs of shafts may be mounted
below the first-named pair, the shafts in each successivo pair being
placed nearer to each other and having finer or smaller projections in
order to break down the material more and more as it passes between
them. After passing between the said shafts or series of shafts the
material falls between a pair of rollers having lateral grooves or teeth
cast or cut or formed on their peripheries. The projections on cach
roller are arranged so as to fit or gear into the spaces of the opposite
roller. These grooved rollers, which in most cases we prefer to drive at
different speeds, also revolve towards each other and give the main and
final crushing action. In some cases we prefer in addition to fluto the
rollers longitudinally in one or more places. Under or at the sides of
the rollers we fix scrapers or rakes in order to clean the grooves at
each revolution, and to prevent them from clogging. The whole appa-
ratus is enclosed in a casing, and tlic shafts and rollers are driven by
suitable gearing.
Our Invention has for its object in the second place to effect the
mincing or masticating of flesh, fish, and some other materials, or the
mixing of the same for domestic purposes or for preparation into
manures. Under the crushing machine already described in the first
part of our Invention, we mount a cylinder or drum covered or
partially covered with knives. This cylinder or drum is caused to
revolve quickly against a concave shell also fitted with knives, tho said
concave shell being adjustable so that the two sets of knives may be
brought as close to each other as may be desirable. The materials as they
fall from the crusher pass between the rotatory and fixed knives, and
are minced or disintegrated to any desired degree of fineness.

page_text: Our Invention consists in the third place of an improved method of
making concrete and of preparing and mixing the materials used in tho
making of cement. Below the breaking and crushing machine described
in the first part of our Invention we arrange a circular or semicircular
trough, in or over which we mount a shaft to which are fixed knives or
blades which are arranged to have a screwing [action. When making
concrete we feed the materials continuously into the hopper, adding a
suitable quantity of water. When preparing the materials for cement
making we also feed the chalk and mud or other suitable materials into
the hopper along with a suitable quantity of water.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood, wo
have appended hereunto a Sheet of Drawings made to a scale of about
one inch to the foot, and marked with letters of reference, corresponding
marks indicating the same parts in the various Figures.
Referring to the said Drawings, Fig. 1 represents an end clevation,
and Fig. 2 a side elevation partly in section of an apparatus constructed
in accordance with the first and third parts of our Invention, Fig. 3
being a plan of the same. In the said Figures, A is the hopper;
B, C, are the said square shafts; and D, E, are the said grooved rollers.
The said square shafts may be formed of cast iron or of wrought iron or
steel, as preferred, and each shaft is formed with journals which are
fitted to revolve in plummer blocks secured to the framing of the
machine, which framing is made of a strength suitable to the require-
ments. A spur wheel is fixed on the axle of the shaft B, and a
pinion G gears with the said spur wheel and receives motion from the
strap pulley I which is fixed on the same shaft as the said pinion. The
shafts B and C are connected together by means of spur wheels, each
fixed on one end of each shaft and gearing together, the effect of the
arrangement being that when the pulley I is actuated by means of a
strap or band the shafts B and C are caused to revolve in the directions
indicated by the arrows.
The rollers D and E are or may be formed of cast iron, and have deep
grooves extending around their peripheries, as seen in the Drawings.
The ridges on one roller are arranged to work in the grooves on the other
roller. The said rollers are mounted in a similar manner to the shafts
B and C. A spur wheel fixed on the shaft B gears with a spur wheel
fixed on one end of the axle of the roller E, and on the other end of the

page_text: said axle is fixed a spur wheel, which gears with a spur wheel which is
fixed on the axle of the roller D, the two rollers being thus caused
to revolve in the directions indicated. In the example the roller E
revolves at the same speed as the shaft B, the roller D revolving at
about two-thirds of the speed of the roller E, but these proportions may
be varied.
The arrangement of the gearing is also illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.
Scrapers D¹ and E', formed with projections to enter the grooves of the
rollers, are employed to prevent accumulations of matter in the said
grooves. It will be seen that the shaft B is mounted over the roller D,
the object of this arrangement being that the pieces of matter resulting
from the crushing action of the shafts B and C, shall fall on to the said
roller, and shall be subjected to a further crushing action when passing
below the shaft C. The matters are further subjected to the crushing
and grinding action of the rollers D and E, the sizes of the resulting
pieces or particles of matter depending upon the adjustment of the shafts
and rollers and upon the dimensions of the grooves. The forms of the
shafts B and C may be varied, as for example, they may be provided or
formed with tecth, ribs, or projections extending along each shaft. The
second part of our Invention is illustrated by Figs. 4, 5, and 6, wherein R
is a masticating cylinder, which is mounted below a crushing apparatus,
such as already described when referring to the previous Figures. The
said cylinder consists of a metal drum, on the periphery of which are
mounted knives S, S, which are arranged in sets or clusters, the spaces
between the sets being filled with wood blocks T. The knives and
blocks have projecting ends of less depth, over which hoops or clips may
bo fixed to retain the knives and blocks in position. A concave U is
hinged at V to the framing of the machine, and is provided with knives
arranged in a similar manner to those on the cylinder R. The lower
end of the said concave may be raised or lowered by means of the
screws W, whereby the masticating action of the cylinder and bed may
be increased or decreased. On one end of the axle of the cylinder R
are mounted fast and loose pulleys X, X, by means of which a rotatory
movement is imparted to the said cylinder; and on the other end of the
said axle is fixed a strap pulley Z, which drives the pulley I, by means
of which the crushing shafts and rollers are actuated. The substances.
or matters which have been broken up or crushed by the action of the
shafts B, C, and the rollers D, E, fall on to the cylinder R, and are

page_text: carried round between the said cylinder and the concave U, and aro
minced, disintegrated, or masticated by the action of the knives.
pulley L, which
the shaft B, a
When making
The third part of our Invention is illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
The crushing apparatus previously described is mounted on and over
one end of a trough having a semicircular bottom. Within the said
trough a shaft M is fitted to revolve, and on the said shaft are fixed the
knives or blades O, O, which have a screwing action, as in the case of a
pug mill. On one end of the shaft M is fixed a strap
receives motion from a pulley K which is fixed on
revolving motion being thus imparted to the shaft M.
concrete the materials, including a suitable quantity of water, are fed
into the hopper. The stones or other solid materials become crushed
and reduced nearly to an uniform size by the action of the square shafts
and of the grooved rollers, and are also mixed to some extent. The
partly mixed materials fall into the trough N, wherein the mixing is
completed and the mixture is continuously delivered from the end of
the said trough. By means of this machine any suitable kind of
materials may be made into concrete without having to be specially
broken previously to being fed into the machine, so long as tho pieces
of material are not too large to be seized by the shafts B and C. When
preparing the materials for cement making, the chalk and mud or other
materials employed are fed into the hopper along with a suitablo pro-
portion of water. The chalk and any flints contained, are broken up
and mixed with the mud by the action of the shafts B, C, and the
rollers D, E, and the materials are further mixed in the trough, and are
delivered therefrom in a suitable condition to be ground in mills into
slurry.
Having now fully described and indicated the nature of our said
Invention, and means whereby the same may be carried into effect, we
would in conclusion have it to be understood that we claim,―
First. The shafts B, C, and the rollers D, E, formed, fitted, and
acting substantially as and for the purposes herein-before set forth and
indicated.
Secondly. The combination and arrangement of parts for crushing,
substantially as set forth and indicated herein-before and in the accom.

page_text: Thirdly. The combination and arrangement of parts, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth and indicated herein-before and by Figs.
1, 2, and 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
And, Lastly. The combination and arrangement of parts, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth and indicated herein-before, and by
Figs. 4, 5, and 6, of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Jackson, for myself and on
behalf of the said Robert Milburn, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.