Improvements in Water and other Pipes and Conduits.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 10th June, 1890-Accepted, 2nd. Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Water and other Pipes and Conduits.
I, JAMES ROBBINS, of 78 Frithville Gardens, Uxbridge Road, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Clerk of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention consists in providing saddles or bearers whereby lengths of pipe
and other conduits may be connected in such a manner as to ensure the different
lengths occupying the proper positions in relation to each other, independent of
special care on the part of the workmen engaged in laying or fixing same. In
the case of longitudinal or inclined lengths this will enable a true line to be
preserved in the lower part, or allow a slight drop to be produced at the end of
each length in the direction of the flow of the liquid to be conveyed, while in the
case of vertical pipes the saddles or bearers ensure the lengths being connected
in a true line.
as to cause
Further, the means employed for such purposes may be so arranged
the different lengths when connected to interlock, whereby they will be maintained in
the desired position until the joints between such lengths are made, thus enabling
the making of such joints to be deferred until a number of lengths have been
connected, instead of having to make each joint at the time each length is laid or
placed in position.
The means referred to for ensuring the lengths being maintained in their proper
positions, will be of special advantage when the pipes are made with channels of
reduced section for the purpose of causing the flow of the liquid to produce a constant
scouring or cleaning action, and thus prevent the accumulation of any deposit which
might occasion a stoppage, as such means are calculated to ensure a continuous
channel or channels throughout.
Parts of my invention may be applied to common spigot and socket pipes already
made, for which purpose the parts hereinafter described will be made of any suitable
material and secured to such pipes in any suitable manner.
It will further be understood that the parts may also be separately secured to.new
pipes or conduits, or they may be formed thereon in the course of manufacture, as
may be found most convenient.
"
The saddle or bearer, or saddles or bearers, may be arranged on each side of the
pipe or conduit, or at the bottom thereof, or both, or at any intermediate points, and
may vary in number, size, and shape, as desired, either interlocking or not.
The invention as applied to pipes in one form, consists in providing approximately
one half of the contour with saddles or bearers, which may be formed either in the
socket or upon the spigot, or partly in the socket and partly upon the spigot. If two
saddles or bearers only are used, one on each side of the socket, they may be some-
what below the centre so as to suspend the spigot and maintain it true with the invert
of the adjoining length. of pipe, or to cause it to form a slight drop with regard
thereto. The same arrangement applies to conduits other than pipes..
When desirable for two or more lengths to interlock, the saddles or bearers must
be formed partly upon one length and partly on the other, and be arranged in different
planes so that the saddles or bearers of one length will pass over those of the other
and drop over them.
The contact surfaces of the saddles or bearers may be in the form of inclined planes,
so that the weight of the pipe or other conduit will cause the end of one length to
butt against the shoulder of the next length.
い
When the pipes or conduits have a reduced channel or channels the saddle or
bearer or saddles or bearers may be of a triangular form at or in the bottom of one

page_text: length, with a corresponding part or parts on the other length to fit over or into same,
thus ensuring interlocking and true centreing.
For some pipe joints the spigot may have a collar round it, and a similar arrange-
ment may be applied to other conduits. This collar will butt against the end of and
so close the socket, and a band of plastic material may be placed against the shoulder
of the socket for the end of the spigot to butt against, and also in front of the collar
on the spigot for the end of the socket to butt against, so as to confine the filling-in
material (which may be introduced through a suitable opening) within the socket,
when making the joint, and prevent it passing either outside or inside the pipe. In
order to facilitate the keeping of such bands of plastic material in position, an annular
groove or recess may be formed in the shoulder of the socket to receive same, and a
similar groove may be formed in the front of the collar on the spigot; or a narrow
collar of smaller diameter may be provided, and its edge be undercut so as to enable
the plastic material to lodge securely therein all round.
The use of the bands of plastic material will enable horizontal or inclined pipes to
be laid in running water or other liquid with great facility.
The saddles or bearers will preferably be so arranged as to allow the filling-in
material which is to form the joint, to pass freely round same.
Dated this 9th day of Anril 1890.
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Water and other Pipes and Conduits.
1, JAMES ROBBINS, of 78 Frithville Gardens, Uxbridge Road, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Clerk of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in providing lengths of pipe and other conduits with
saddles or bearers, whereby these lengths may be connected in such a manner as
to ensure their occupying the proper positions in relation to each other, indepen-
dent of special care on the part of the workmen engaged in laying or fixing same.
In the case of longitudinal or inclined lengths this will enable a true line to be
preserved in the lower part, or allow a slight drop to be produced at the end of
each length in the direction of the flow of the liquid to be conveyed, while in the
case of vertical pipes the saddles or bearers ensure the lengths being connected in a
true line.
Further, the means employed for such purposes may be so arranged as to cause
the different lengths when connected to interlock, whereby they will be maintained
in the desired position until the joints between such lengths are made, thus enabling
the making of such joints to be deferred until a number of lengths have been
connected instead of having to make each joint at the time each length is laid or
placed in position.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Fig. 1 is a transverse section and Fig. 2 a longitudinal section (partly in elevation)
of the opposite ends of two lengths of pipe fitted with side saddles or bearers.
Fig. is a transverse section and Fig. 2ª a longitudinal section (partly in
elevation) of a pipe provided with side saddles or bearers formed by reducing the
external diameter of the lower half of the spigot and also the internal diameter of the
upper half of the socket.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section and Fig. 4 a longitudinal section of two lengths
of pipe, in which the saddles or bearers are arranged at the sides and in the socket
only.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section and Fig. 4ª a longitudinal section (partly in elevation)
of a pipe having side saddles or bearers in. the socket only, but in which the spigot is
provided with an end collar to pass behind such bearers in the socket.

page_text: Fig. 5 is a transverse section and Fig. 6 a longitudinal section of two lengths of
pipe with a bottom saddle or bearer both on the spigot and in the socket, such bearers
interlocking.
Figs. 7 and 8 are corresponding views to Figs 5 and 6, but in which the saddles
or bearers do not interlock, and the spigot end is support d so as to cause a drop
from one length of pipe to the next, in the direction of the flow of the liquid the pipes
are intended to convey.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of two lengths of pipe with bottom saddles or
bearers cast ipon or otherwise applied to the ends of same. instead of being
made in one therewith, and in which the spigot end of the pipe is provided with a
collar to close the mouth of the socket into which it is inserted.
Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section of the opposite ends of two detached vertical
lengths of pipe with interlocking side saddles or bearers, and Fig. 11 is a similar view
of such lengths when connected together.
Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section (partly in elevation) of two lengths of horizontal
pipe with interlocking side saddles or bearers.
Fig. 12 is a transverse section and Fig. 12° a longitudinal section (partly in
elevation) of a pipe having interlocking side bearers, those on the spigot being
in projection and entering recesses of corresponding form which are made in the
socket.
Fig. 13 is a transverse section and Fig. 14 a part side elevation and part
longitudinal section of two lengths of channelling or gutter, fitted with a bottom
saddle or bearer.
Fig. 15 is a horizontal section and Fig. 16 a vertical section of a length of pipe
fitted with a bottom saddle or bearer of V-form; and
الله
Figs. 17 and 18 are corresponding views to Figs. 15 and 16 and show another
form of the V-shaped bottom saddle or bearer.
In all these Figures A represents the spigot end of a length of pipe and B the
socket thereof, the saddles or bearers on the spigot being represented by a and those
on the socket by b.
The saddles or bearers a and b for ensuring the lengths being maintained in their
proper positions will be of special advantage when the pipes are (as shown at c by the
dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 3, and also in Figs. 15, 16, 17, and 18) made with
channels of reduced section, for the purpose of causing the flow of the liquid to
produce a constant scouring or cleaning action, and thus prevent the accumulation of
any deposit which might occasion a stoppage, as such saddles or bearers are calculated
to ensure a continuous channel or channels throughout.
Parts of my invention may be applied to common spigot and socket pipes already
made, for which purpose. the parts hereinafter described will be made of any suitable
material and secured to such pipes in any suitable manner.
It will further be understood that the parts may also be separately secured to new
pipes or conduits, or they may be formed thereon in the course of manufacture, as
may be found most convenient.
The saddle or bearer, or saddles or bearers a and b may be arranged on each side of
the pipe or conduit, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 1ª, 2ª, 3, 4, 3, 4ª, 10, 11, 12, 12ª, and 12b,
or at the bottom thereof, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18,
or both, or at any intermediate points, and may vary in number, size, and shape, as
described, either interlocking or not.
The invention as applied to pipes in one form, consists in providing approximately
one half of the contour with saddles or bearers, which may be formed either in the
socket or upon the spigot, or partly in the socket and partly upon the spigot. If
two saddles or bearers only are used, one on each side of the socket, they may
(as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and 3 and 4) be somewhat below the centre so as
to suspend the spigot and maintain it true with the invert of the adjoining length of
pipe, or to cause it to form a slight drop with regard thereto. The same arrangement
applies to conduits other than pipes.
When desirable for two or more lengths to interlock, the saddles or bearers must
F.
$▸

page_text: be formed partly upon one length and partly on the other, and be arranged in differen
planes so that the saddles or bearers of one length will pass over those of the other
and drop behind them.
The contact surfaces of the saddles or bearers may be in the form of inclined
planes, so that the weight of the pipe or other conduit will cause the end of one
length to butt against the shoulder of the next length.
When the pipes or conduits have a reduced channel or channels (as shown at c by
the dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 3, and also in Figs. 15, 16, 17, and 18) the saddle or
bearer, or saddles or bearers a and b, may, as shown in Figs. 15, 16, 17, and 18, be
of a triangular form at or in the bottom of one length, with a corresponding part or
parts on the other length to fit over or into same, thus ensuring interlocking and true
centreing.
For some pipe joints the spigot may have a collar round it, and a similar
arrangement may be applied to other conduits. This collar will butt against the end
of and so close the socket, and a band of plastic material may be placed against the
shoulder of the socket for the end of the spigot to butt against, and also in front of
the collar on the spigot for the end of the socket to butt against, so as to confine the
filling-in material (which may be introduced through a suitable opening) within the
socket, when making the joint, and prevent it passing either outside or inside
the pipe. In order to facilitate the keeping of such bands of plastic material in
position, an annular groove or recess may be formed in the shoulder of the socket
to receive same, and a similar groove may be formed in the front of the collar on
the spigot; or a narrow collar of smaller diameter may be provided, and its edge
be undercut so as to enable the plastic material to lodge securely therein all round.
The use of the bands of plastic material will enable horizontal or inclined pipes to
be laid in running water or other liquid with great facility.
The saddles or bearers will preferably be so arranged as to allow the filling-in
material which is to form the joint, to pass freely round same.
In Figs. 1 and 2 a saddle or bearer a is arranged on each side of the spigot A,
and a corresponding saddle or bearer 6 is arranged in each side of the socket B, so
that when such spigot A is inserted in the socket B, its bearers a will rest upon those
of the socket, thus supporting the spigot in the required position.
In Figs. 1 and 2" the side bearers a and b are formed respectively by reducing the
external diameter of the lower half of the spigot A and also the internal diameter of
the lower half of the socket B, thus forming shoulders which serve to hold spigot A
in the required position in socket B.
In Figs. 3 and 4 only the socket B is provided with saddles or bearers b, and these
are arranged so that the spigot A when inserted in such socket is suspended by the
bearers b, and thus held in position. The end of the spigot A is shown as butting
against a ring of plastic material d held in a groove in the inner end of the
socket.
In Figs. 3 and 4ª the spigot A has an end collar X, which when such spigot is
inserted in socket B and is supported by the side saddles or bearers & thereon, passes
behind such side saddles or bearers b, thus locking the two lengths together.
In Figs. 5 and 6 the spigot A is provided with a bottom saddle or bearer a and
the socket B with a corresponding bottom bearer b, the saddle or bearer a passing
behind the saddle or bearer b so as to interlock when the spigot A is inserted in
the socket B. In these Figures the surface a¹ of saddle or bearer a and the surface b¹
of saddle or bearer b are made inclined so that the weight of the pipe inserted in
socket B will tend to cause such pipe to travel down such incline and cause the
inner end of its spigot to butt firmly against the ring of plastic material & in the
socket.
In Figs. 7 and 8 the saddles or bearers a and b are also at the bottom of the pipes,
but do not interlock (as in Figs. 5 and 6 above described), and, further, such saddles
or bearers are arranged so as to support the bore of the spigot A in a slightly
higher position than that of the length of pipe into which it is inserted, thus
causing a slight drop in the direction of the flow of the liquid the pipe is to convey.

page_text: Fig. 9 shows a pipe with a bottom bearer on both spigot and socket, same being
cast on or otherwise secured to the pipes after same have been made. The saddles or
bearers a and b in this Figure have also inclined contact surfaces a¹ and 61, to cause
the end of spigot A to butt against the ring of plastic material d in socket B, the
same as in Figs. 5 and 6 above described. Further the spigot A has a collar É to
butt against and close the socket B, such collar being preferably provided with a ring
of plastic material for the end of the socket to butt against. The collar E may be
formed with a groove e to enable the ring of plastic material it is to receive to be kept
in position round the collar. F represents a suitable opening in the socket B for
running in the material to form the joint.
In Figs. 10 and 11 the vertical pipes are provided with side bearers a and b, which
interlock, and when in position a screw may be inserted from the outside of socket B
and engage the bearer a on the spigot, so as to secure the two together. In these
Figures the spigot A has also a collar E to close the socket B.
In Fig. 12 the side bearers a and b are formed so as to interlock and are provided
with inclined contact surfaces a¹ and 6' to ensure the spigot A butting firmly against
the ring of plastic material d in the socket.
In Figs. 12 and 12b the side saddles or bearers b in the socket B are in the form
of recesses made in such socket, and which receive the projecting saddles or bearers a
on the spigot.
Figs. 13 and 14 show the invention as applied to a gutter, the end A of one length
having the bottom saddle or bearer a to bear upon the corresponding saddle or bearer b
of the other length B. The contact surfaces of such saddles or bearers may be
inclined as shown, or of other suitable form.
In Figs. 15 and 16 the saddle or bearer b at the bottom of the socket B is of
V-form, and the saddle or bearer a on spigot A is of a form to fit between the two
arms thereof, the contact surfaces a¹ and of such saddles or bearers being shown
inclined. This form of saddle or bearer will ensure the spigot A being held centrally
within the socket B.
In Figs. 17 and 18 the saddle or bearer a of spigot A is of V-form, while the
saddle or bearer of socket B is of a form to fit between the two arms thereof.
The forms shown in Figs. 15 and 16, and also in Figs. 17 and 18, will be of special
advantage for pipes having a channel or channels c of reduced section in the bottom
thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improved saddles or bearers applied to either the socket or the spigot; or to
both the socket and the spigot, of pipes and other conduits, substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
2. The application of interlocking saddles or bearers to the socket and spigot of
pipes and other conduits, substantially as specified.
3. The application of saddles or bearers (either interlocking or not) to the socket.
and spigot of pipes and other conduits, such saddles or bearers having inclined contact
surfaces, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 2nd day of June 1890.
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.