Improvements in Driving and Speed Changing Mechanism for Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Nov.,
4000
Complete Onanification I aft fat Cont 1800 Accented 11th Nov 1800
και οι πρηναι
Complete Specification !
Loft 1ot Cont
1800 Accepted 11th Nov
1800
T
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Driving and Speed Changing Mechanism for
Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
I, DENIS ANATOLE RENARD, of Etampes, the Department of Seine and Oise,
in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a speed changing transmission device for cycles,
motor cycles, motors cars and other vehicles of all kinds, enabling the power
of a shaft rotating at a pre-determined speed to be transmitted by means of
strong and simple mechanism to another shaft, imparting to this latter speeds
varying from those of the first named shaft.
In order that my invention may be readily and clearly understood, I have
hereindescribed its application to a safety bicycle of the ordinary kind, but it
will of course be understood that this application is given by way of example
only.
In the case of a safety bicycle the driving or transmitting shaft is the crank
axle and the driven shaft is the axle or hub of the driving wheel.
Upon the driving shaft, that is to say the crank-axle, is rigidly fixed a plate
or disc upon one of the faces of which are arranged several concentric rows of
teeth consisting of hemispherical conical or similar shaped projections; in the
present type I will suppose there are two rows of teeth.
Upon the driven shaft the hub of the driving wheel in the present case, is
rigidly fixed a similar plate or disc provided with crowns of teeth the diameters
of which differ from those of the crowns of teeth upon the other plate according
to the speed ratios which it is desired to obtain.
These two plates are connected by means of a shaft upon which are mounted
two toothed wheels.
The shaft connects the two plates along a line passing through the axis of
the said plates, that is to say in prolongation of their radii; the gear wheels are
mounted upon the shaft in such a manner as to slide upon it along keys. These
gear wheels are respectively rigidly attached to sleeves upon which are mounted
collars controlled by forks the levers of which are pivoted to the frame; these
levers may be coupled by means of a connecting rod so that they may be
operated simultaneously. Their displacement is in this case effected by any
suitable arrangement of levers or rods which is capable of being conveniently
actuated by the cyclist or driver.
When the two gear wheels are rigidly connected in their longitudinal displace-
ment, two speeds are attainable, the gear-wheels gearing respectively with the
crowns.
When the two gear wheels are actuated separately, four speeds are attainable;
each of the crowns on the one plate being capable of gearing, by means of the
shaft with one of the crowns on the other plate. The simultaneous or separate
actuation of the gear wheels may be effected in any convenient manner without
in any way affecting the principle of my invention.

page_text: By providing upon either one or both of the two plates a larger number of
crowns of teeth, a larger number of speeds may be obtained.
The shaft is suitably mounted in ball bearings; in order to obviate any
tendency of the plate to give upon its axis owing to the effort exerted upon it on
one side only, a roller is arranged upon a support upon the other side of the
plate, upon which it rolls.
The same device may be applied to the plate at the other end but it is more
especially suitable for the plate on the driving shaft which is of larger
diameter, although it is not indispensable even in this case. It should be
noticed that the plates have not necessarily plane surfaces upon the side upon
which the crowns of teeth are situated, but may be somewhat conical.
According to this modification, I replace the crowns of projections either upon
each plate or upon one only by gear-wheel teeth, and in addition I arrange
the transmission shaft within one of the tubes of the rear fork of the bicycle,
in cases in which my improved transmission mechanism is applied to this kind
of machine.
The crowns formed for example of conical projections are replaced by toothed
crowns cut in the manner usually employed for gear-wheels. This substitution
may be effected either upon the crank-axle plate or upon the driving wheel
plate.
The two toothed crowns gear with two gear wheels mounted loose upon a
shaft which, passing through the tube, terminates at the other plate where the
transmission is effected as in the above described arrangement. The two gear
wheels which are loose upon the shaft may be made fast upon this latter by
means of a sleeve participating in the rotation of the shaft but capable of dis-
placement along its axis owing to its being mounted upon a long key; the sur-
faces of the sleeve and of the gear wheels which engage one with the other are
toothed in the manner of claw gearing for example, or in any other suitable
manner permitting of their engagement.
The displacement of the sleeve is effected by means of any suitable parts
capable of convenient actuation by the cyclist; thus, as this sleeve is intended
to be displaced only by a pre-determined distance upon one side or the other,
its actuation may be effected by means of an excentric. It might also be
effected by means of a device such as that used for window bolts; in short I
may utilise any appropriate mechanical device for effecting the displacement
of this engaging sleeve.
I enclose the plate on the driving axle and that portion of the transmission
mechanism connected therewith, within a gear-case which protects it from
dust and the like.
As regards certain applications, such as to motor vehicles, my method of trans-
mission may be so arranged as to obtain reversal of motion. For this purpose
the shaft upon the side of the driven plate for example, is prolonged in such a
manner that the gear wheel may have a sufficiently large travel to permit of
its being caused to engage with the crowns upon either side of the shaft; this
shaft may thus be caused to rotate in either direction. It will of course be
understood that this arrangement is equally applicable to the driving plate.
I may construct a transmission mechanism in which the constructional details
which in nowise affect the essential characteristics of this modification are
varied..
It will also be understood that I reserve the right of introducing any modifi-
cations whereby the general arrangement of my improved mechanism is not
changed.
Dated this 23rd day of Narambar 1908.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Driving and Speed Changing Mechanism for
Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
I, DENIS ANATOLE RENARD, of Etampes, the Department of Seine and Oise,
in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a speed changing transmission device for cycles,
motor cycles, motor cars and other vehicles, enabling the power of a shaft
rotating at a pre-determined speed to be transmitted by means of strong and
simple mechanism to another shaft, imparting to this latter speeds varying from
those of the first named shaft.
In order that my invention may be readily and clearly understood, I have
hereindescribed and illustrated its application to a safety bicycle of the ordinary
kind, but it will of course be understood that this application is given by way
of example only.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 shews that portion of the bicycle comprising the transmission gear
in elevation.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the same partly in section.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section of a modified form of the mechanism and
Figure 4 various arrangements of gear-wheels.
In the case of a safety bicycle the driving or transmitting shaft is the crank
axle A and the driven shaft B is the axle or hub of the driving wheel.
Upon the driving shaft, that is to say the crank-axle, is rigidly fixed a plate
or disc C upon one of the faces of which are arranged several concentric rows of
teeth consisting of hemispherical, conical, or similar shaped projections; in
the present type there are two rows of teeth C¹ and C².
Upon the driven shaft B, the hub of the driving wheel in the present case,
is rigidly fixed a similar plate or disc D provided with crowns of teeth d
the diameters of which differ from those of the crowns of teeth upon the other
plate according to the speed ratios which it is desire to obtain.
These two plates are connected by means of a shaft E upon which are
mounted two toothed wheels F and G.
The shaft E connects the two plates along a line passing through the axes of
the said plates, that is to say in prolongation of their radii; the gear wheels F
and G are mounted upon the shaft E in such a manner as to slide upon it along
keys f and g. These gear wheels F and G are respectively rigidly attached
to sleeves f¹g upon which are mounted collars controlled by forks f² and g²
the levers of which are pivoted to the frame at f³ ³; these levers may be
coupled by means of a connecting rod so that they may be operated simul-
taneously. Their displacement is in this case effected by any suitable arrange-
ment of levers or rods h Figures 1 and 2 which are capable of being conveniently
actuated by the cyclist or driver.
When the two gear wheels F and G are rigidly connected in their longitu-
dinal displacement, two speeds are attainable; the gear-wheels F and G gearing
respectively with the crowns and d¹, or c¹ and d².
When the two gear-wheels F and G are actuated separately, four speeds are
attainable; each of the crowns being capable of gearing, by means of
the shaft E, with one of the crowns d¹ d². The simultaneous or separate actua-
tion of the gear-wheels F and G may be effected in any convenient manner
without in any way affecting the principle of my invention.

page_text: By providing upon either one or both of the two plates C and D a larger
number of crowns of teeth, a larger number of speeds may be obtained.
The shaft A is suitably mounted in ball bearings; in order to obviate any
tendency of the plate C to give upon its axis owing to the effort exerted upon it
on one side only. A roller I is arranged upon a support i upon the other side
of the plate, upon which it rolls.
The same device may be applied to the plate D), but it is more especially suit-
able for the plate C which is of larger diameter, although it is not indispens-
able even in this case. It should be noticed that the plates C and D are not
necessarily provided with plane surfaces upon the side upon which the crowns
of teeth are situated, but may be somewhat conical.
Figures 3 and 4 relate to a modified manner of carrying out my invention.
Figure 3 being a horizontal section through the mechanism, and Figure 4
representing various gearing arrangements. According to this modification, I
replace the crowns of projections either upon each plate or upon one only by
gear-wheel teeth, and in addition I arrange the transmission shaft within one
of the tubes of the rear fork of the bicycle, in cases in which my improved
transmission mechanism is applied to this kind of machine.
The crowns ¹¹ d², formed for example of conical projections (as shown in
the arrangement illustrated in Figures 1 and 2) are replaced by toothed crowns
cut in the manner usually employed for gear-wheels. This substitution may be
effected either upon the crank-axle plate C, or upon the driving wheel plate D.
The two toothed_crowns 2 gear with two gear-wheels K¹ K² mounted
loose upon a shaft K, which, passing through the tube L, terminates at the
other plate C where the transmission is effected as in the arrangement shewn
in Figures 1 and 2. The two gear-wheels K¹ K³, which are loose upon the
shaft K, may be made fast upon this latter by means of a sleeve participating
in the rotation of the shaft K but capable of displacement along its axis owing to
its being mounted upon a long key; the surfaces of the sleeve k and of the
gear-wheels K¹ K2 which engage one with the other are toothed in the manner
of claw gearing for example, or in any other suitable manner permitting of
their engagement.
The displacement of the sleeve k is effected by means of any suitable arrange-
ment capable of convenient actuation by the cyclist; thus, as this sleeve is
intended to be displaced only a pre-determined distance upon one side or the
other, its actuation may be effected by means of an eccentric. It might also
be effected by means of a device such as that described in connection with
Figures 1 and 2; in short I may utilise any appropriate mechanical device for
effecting the displacement of this engaging sleeve.
I enclose the plate C, and that portion of the transmission mechanism con-
nected therewith, within a gear-case M which protects it from dust and the
like.
As regards certain applications, such as to motor vehicles, my method of
transmission may be so arranged as to obtain reversal of motion. For this
purpose the shaft E, upon the side of the driven plate D for example, is pro-
longed in such a manner that the gear wheel G may have a sufficiently large
travel to permit of its being caused to engage with the crowns upon either
side of the shaft D; the shaft may thus be caused to rotate in either direction.
It will of course be understood that this arrangement is equally applicable to
the driving plate.
In the modification shewn in Figures 3 and 4 the transmission mechanism is
such that the constructional details of the same which are varied in nowise affect
the essential characteristics of this modification. Thus, for example, the teeth
of the gear wheels K¹ K², and those of the teeth attached to the plate D,
are not necessarily given the direction represented in Figure 3; they may be
arranged in various manners, such as those represented in Figure 4.
It will also be understood that I reserve the right of introducing any modifica-

page_text: tions whereby the general arrangement of my improved mechanism is not
changed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
inventior and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A speed-changing transmission device also enabling the direction of travel
to be reversed, essentially comprising, two plates provided with crowns of
spherical, conical, or similar teeth, the said plates, which are mounted upon the
driving and driven shafts respectively, being connected by means of a shaft in
prolongation of their radii and provided at its extremities with two gear wheels
capable of displacement along its axis either together or separately and of being
in engagement with any one of the crowns of teeth of the corresponding plate,
substantially as described and specified with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
2. The modifications described with reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the
accompanying drawings, consisting essentially in replacing the conical or other
projections by toothed gearing upon one or both plates.
3. The method of transmitting motion and changing speed as above described
with reference to the accompanying drawings in its application to a safety
bicycle by way of example.
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.