IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE of Brusies
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Harold Kent, of Robinson Road, Victoria Park,
and Hyppolite Besson, of 10, Lawley Street, Clapton, both in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
MANUFACTURE of Brusies."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Harold Kent and
Hyppolite Besson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th
June 1878.
GEORGE HAROLD KENT, of Robinson Road, Victoria Park, and HYPPOLITE
BESSON, of 10, Lawley Street, Clapton, both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES.”
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the manufacture
of brushes.
Hair brushes and a great variety of brushes of other descriptions have the bristles
set in a series of parallel rings, one within the other. These rings do not differ
widely in form from an ellipse, and throughout each ring the inclination (or
spread) of the bristles is maintained the same, although it is varied from ring to
ring.
In order to bore the holes to receive the bristles of brushes of this class, we
employ a machine having a spindle or axis carrying two similar elliptic chucks, one
at either end. Upon the face of one of these chucks the brush blank to be bored is
fixed, and upon the other chuck a shape or form corresponding to the contour of the
ring in which the bristles are to be set is carried. The spindle or axis is mounted
upon a pair of rocking arms, to which springs are attached in such manner as to
hold the form already mentioned up to a stop upon the frame.
In preparing for work, the elliptic chucks are set to describe the ellipse which
most nearly corresponds to the contour of the ring of bristles to be set, and the
variation required from the true ellipse form is obtained by the rocking of the arms
which carry the spindle or axis.

page_text: The drill which bores the holes is mounted upon a slide, and receives an automatic
motion to and from the work. Each time that the drill recedes after boring a hole,
the spindle or axis carrying the lliptic chucks is moved round a short step, so that
the next hole bored may fall in the proper position.
In order to obtain an equal spacing of the holes around the approximately ellip-
tical brush forin, it is requisite that the steps of the spindle or axis should be
through unequal angular distances, and the proper regulation of these steps is
obtained in the following manner :-)
-Upon the spindle or axis a circular disc is
mounted, and a nipping pawl, carried by a lever which turns upon the spindle or
axis, acts upon the periphery of the disc; this lever is connected by intermediate
links and lovers with an eccentric upon the main shaft of the machine, and these
intermediate parts are so arranged that they can be shifted the one on the other, so
as to vary the throw of the leyer carrying. the pawl. The variation in the throw
requisite to maintain an uniform distance between the holes throughout the ring is
obtained automatically through the operation of the elliptic chuck carrying the
shape or form; a controlling rod passing from a pin mounted upon the slide of this
chuck varies the link connection between the pawl lever and the eccentric, according
as the motion of the chuck alters the position of the pin. The same link connection
can also be shifted by the workman in commencing cach ring of holes to set the
holes to the proper pitch or distance the one from the other.
In place of this arrangement for controlling the amount of angular motion of the
spindle or axis in moving from hole to hole, we in somno cases where a large number
of brushes are required to be made to same pattern, substitute for the nipping pawl
a pin dropping into holes bored each in its proper place in the disc, or in a metal
band fixed upon it.
The slide which carries the drill works in guides formed upon a standard which
is moveable along a radial arm capable of turning about an axis lying in the same
plane with the spindle or axis carrying the chucks, and at right angles to it. The
radial arm remains stationary throughout the production of each ring of holes, and
is moved partly round to pass from one ring of holes to another.
The spread or inclination of the holes for receiving the bristles is varied to set it
to that which is required for the first or outer ring of holes by moving the standard
along the radial arm to a position nearer to or further from the centre of motion of
the arm; the nearer it is set to the centre the greater will be the spread. As the
standard is moved outwards from the centre to vary the spread, a corresponding.
motion is given endwise to the spindle or axis carrying the chucks.
In passing from an outer ring of holes to an inner ring, the spread of the holes is
reduced until at the centre they are bored perpendicularly, or without spread; this
variation is obtained automatically simply by the swinging of the radial arm.
In working the machine, after that it has been properly set and the brush blank
has been fixed upon the chuck, the attendant starts the apparatus, when the drill,
which is kept rotating at a high speed, commences automatically to advance to and
to recede from the work, producing a hole at each advance, the work being moved
between each advance the distance from hole to hole in the manner already described;
so the work goes on until the ring of holes is completed (or as nearly completed as
the workman considers desirable), when the machine by an automatic movement
stops itself. The attendant then, after seeing that all is right, alters the adjustment
of the link gear, so that the holes in the next ring to be produced may be spaced as
he desires, and he then restarts the machine to produce another ring of holes.
The shifting of the drill slide to the amount requisite to give the distance between 5
the new ring of holes and that already completed, and also to alter the inclination
of the drill to the work to the extent necessary to give the proper variation to the
spread or inclination of the holes, takes place at the time when the machine stops
after each period of action; it is effected through the operation of a ratchet wheel
and pawl moved by the starting lever on its return, and which rotate a worm in 5
gear with a toothed are upon the radial arm carrying the drill slide; this motion is
given to the radial arın about its centre.

page_text: The drill slide receives its motion to and from the work from a crank or cam
upon an upright axis within the standard which carries it; this axis by bevilled
gear is driven from an horizontal axis passing along the radial arm, and this is in
turn similarly driven from the upright axis, which forms the centre about which
the arm turns. The main shaft of the machine grives this axis also by incans of
bevilled gear.
Sometimes, in order to control the spacing of the holes, we provide teeth around
the periphery of the shape or form, and we arrange an ordinary toothed pinion to
gear into these teeth, and also to serve as the stop against which, as already
explained, the shape or form is caused to bear.
•
Upon the axis of the pinion we mount a series of ratchet wheels, one corre-
sponding to each ring of bristles in the brush, and after a hole has been bored a pawl
moves the ratchet wheol then in operation round by the space of one tooth; thus
the pinion receives a corresponding motion, which it imparts in 'turn to the shape
or form, and as this is carried by a chuck on the same axis as that which holds tho
work, the latter receives the movement required, and so a ring of equally spaced
holes will be bored, the number of the holes forming the ring being the same as that
of the teeth in the ratchet wheel. When one ring of holes has been thus pro-
duced the driving pawl is shifted on to another ratchet wheel with a different
number of teeth to produce the next ring, and so on.
In some cases we dispense with the eccentric chucks. We fix the work up on
shape or form similar to that last described, having teeth around it, and in the
same way gearing with a pinion which is rotated by means of a pawl and ratchet
wheels; the axis of this pinion is carried upon a slide which can be raised and
lowered, and the shape or form goes with it. It is by this notion that the distance
from one ring of holes to another is obtained, for in this machine the drill has com-
municated to it by a treddlo or otherwise a simple to-and-fro rectilinear movement
along a guide, and but for the movement of the work would operate always in the
same position.
The shape or form has a slot at its longest diameter, and a sliding block which is
mounted on an axis is fitted into the slot. The shape or form is thus controlled by
the axis, the axis forming a centre about which the pinion causes it to rotate.
These contrivances are adapted to produce upright brushes, or brushes in which
the bristles have no spread.
The machine may be simplified by omitting the self-acting contrivance for
obtaining the proper distances between the holes in each ring, including the teeth
upon the formn, and substituting a plain roller for the pinion. The positions for the
holes is in this case marked on the brush blank by means of a template, and the
workman takes care to work to the distances so set out, but the machine controls
the form of the ring of holes.
When we desire to obtain a "spread" of the bristles we arrange the whole of the
parts, the form, the slide, and the parts connected therewith, on a frame capable of
swinging on horizontal axes in front of the drill. The axis can be set more or less
back from the plane of the work to adjust the machine to suit the spread required,
and so we vary at pleasure the inclination at which the work is presented to the
drill, and for each ring of holes a different inclination is given to thic frame.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Harold Kent and Hyppolite Besson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th December 1878.
GEORGE HAROLD KENT, of Robinson Road, Victoria Park, and HYPPOLITE
BESSON, of 10, Lawley Street, Clapton, both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the manufacture
of brushes.
Hair brushes and a great variety of brushes of other descriptions have the bristles
set in a series of parallel rings one within the other. These rings do not differ
widely in form from an ellipse, and throughout each ring the inclination (or
spread) of the bristles is maintained the same, although it is varied from ring to
ring.
In order to bore the holes to receive the bristles of brushes of this class, wo
employ a machine having a spindle or axis carrying two similar elliptic chucks, one
at either end. Upon the face of one of these chucks the brush blank to be bored is
fixed, and upon the other chuck a shape or form corresponding to the contour of the
rings in which the bristles are to be set is carried. The spindle or axis is mounted
upon a pair of rocking arms, to which springs, or it may be weights, are attached
in such manner as to hold the form already mentioned up to a stop upon the
frame.
In preparing for work, the elliptic chucks are set to describe the ellipso which
most nearly corresponds to the contour of the ring of bristles to be set, and the
variation required from the true elliptic form is obtained by the rocking of the
arms which carry the spindle or axis.
The drill which bores the holes is mounted upon a slide, and receives an automatic
motion to and from the work. Each time that the drill recedes after boring a hole,
the spindle or axis carrying the elliptic chucks is moved round a short step, so that
the next hole bored may fall in the proper position.
In order to obtain an equal spacing of the holes around the approximately ellip-
tical brush form, it is requisite that the steps of the spindle or axis should be
through unequal angular distances, and the proper regulation of these steps is
obtained in the following manner-Upon the spindle or axis a circular disc is
mounted, and a nipping pawl, carried by a lever which turns upon the spindle or
axis acts upon the periphery of the disc; this lever is connected by intermediate
links and levers with an eccentric upon the main shaft of the machine, and these
intermediate parts are so arranged that they can be shifted the one on the other, so
as to vary the throw of the lever carrying the pawl. The variation in the throw
requisite to maintain an uniform distance between the holes throughout the ring is
obtained automatically through the operation of the elliptic chuck carrying the
shape or form; a controlling rod passing from a pin mounted upon the slide of the
chuck varies the link connection between the pawl lever and the eccentric, according
as the motion of the chuck alters the position of the pin. The same link connection
can also be shifted by the workman in commencing each ring of holes to set the
holes to the proper pitch or distance the one from the other.
In place of this arrangement for controlling the amount of angular motion of the
spindle or axis in moving from hole to hole, we in some cases where a large number
of brushes are required to be made to same pattern, substitute for the nipping pawl
a pin dropping into holes bored each in its proper place in the disc, or in a metal
band fixed upon it.
The slide which carries the drill works in guides formed upon a standard which
is moveable along a radial arm capable of turning about an axis lying in the same
plane with the spindle or axis carrying the chucks, and at right angles to it. The
radial arm remains stationary throughout the production of each ring of holes, and
is moved partly round to pass from one ring of holes to another.

page_text: The spread or inclination of the holes for receiving the bristles is varied to set it
to that which is required for the first or outer ring of holes by moving the standard
along the radial arm to a position nearer to or further from the centre of motion of
the arm; the nearer it is set to the centre the greater will be the spread. As the
standard is moved outwards from the centre to vary the spread, a corresponding
motion is given end wise to the spindle or axis carrying the chucks.
In passing from an outer ring of holes to an inner ring, the spread of the holes
is reduced until at the centre they are bored perpendicularly, or without spread;
this variation is obtained automically simply by the swinging of the ratial
arm.
In working the machine, after that it has been properly set and the brush blank
has been fixed upon the chuck, the attendant starts the apparatus, when the drill,
which is kept rotating at a high speed, commences automically to advance to
and to recede from the work, producing a hole at each advance, the work being
moved between each advance the distance from hole to hole in the manner already
described; so the work goes on until the ring of holes is completed (or as nearly
completed as the workman considers desirable), when the machine by an automatic
movement stops itself. The attendant then, after seeing that all is right, alters the
adjustment of the link gear, so that the holes in the next ring to be produced may
be spaced as he desires, and he then restarts the machine to produce another ring
of holes.
The shifting of the drill slide to the amount requisite to give the distance between
the new ring of holes and that already completed, and also to alter the inclination
of the drill to the work to the extent necessary to give the proper variation to the
spread or inclination of the holes, takes place at the time when the machine stops
after each period of action; it is effected through the operation of a ratchet wheel
and pawl moved by the starting lever in its return, and which rotate a worm in
gear with a toothed are upon the radial arm carrying the drill slide; thus motion is
given to the radial arm about the centre.
The drill slide receives its motion to and from the work from a crank or cam
upon an upright axis within the standard which carries it; this axis by bevilled
gear is driven from an horizontal axis passing along the radial arm, and this is in
turn similarly driven from the upright axis, which forms the centre about which
the arm turns. The main shaft of the machine drives this axis also by means of
bevilled gear.
Sometimes, in order to control the spacing of the holes, we provide teeth around
the periphery of the shape or form, and we arrange an ordinary toothed pinion to
gear into these teeth, and also to serve as the stop against which, as already
explained, the shape or form is caused to bear.
Upon the axis of the pinion we mount a series of ratchet wheels, one corre-
sponding to each ring of bristles in the brush, and after a hole has been bored a pawl
moves the ratchet wheel then in operation round by the space of one tooth; thus
the pinion receives a corresponding motion, which it imparts in turn to the shape
or form, and as this is carried by a chuck on the same axis as that which holds the
work, the latter receives the movement required, and so a ring of equally spaced
holes will be bored, the number of the holes forming the ring being the same as that
of the teeth in the ratchet wheel. When one ring of holes has been thus produced
the driving pawl is shifted on to another ratchet wheel with a different number of
teeth to produce the next ring, and so on.
In some cases we dispenso with the eccentric chucks. We fix the work upon a
shape or form similar to that last described, having teeth around it, and in the
same way gearing with a pinion which is rotated by means of a pawl and ratchet
wheels; the axis of this pinion is carried upon a slide which can be raised and
lowered, and the shape or form goes with it. It is by this notion that the distance
from one ring of holes to another is obtained, for in this machine the drill has com-
municated to it by a treddle or otherwise a simple to-and-fro rectilinear movement

page_text: object; it is carried upon a lever 1, and an horizontal rod projecting from the lever
enters an eye in the end of an arm descending from the rocking frame. The holes
are bored by means of a drill k.
The spindle of the drill holder is carried in bearings upon a compound slide k',
and it is rotated by a belt passing around a pulley . The slide ¹ is mounted
upon the upper end of the standard 4, and it receives a movement horizontally to
and from the work by means of a cam groove in a disc at the upper end of the
axis in the standard
A stud on the under side of the slide k enters the cam groove, which is so
formed that the movement of the drill to the work, during which the penetration
takes place, is made slowly, but the backward motion by which the drill is with-
drawn is more rapidly effected. When the drill retires the spindle d is moved
round a step, so that when the drill again comes forward it may bore the next hole
in the proper place. ¹ is a disc on the spindle d, and with this disc the nipping
pawls d, engage. The pawls have notches in them, receiving into them the
overhanging flange of the disc; and the inner ends of the pawls bear upon
shoulders m upon the boss of a lever m, which is loose upon the spindle d, and
receives a rocking motion. The pawls i are also connected with the lever m by
the springs d, and the whole arrangement is such that when, as the lever m rocks
on the spindle, the pawls are pushed round by the shoulders m; they carry the
disc d' and the spindle d round with them; but when on the return motion of the
lover m the pawls are pulled round by the springs & they slip upon the flange of
the disc d¹.
The lever m receives its movement from an eccentric n' upon the main shaft n
of the machine. The eccentric rod is jointed to the extremity of the toothed arc o
which is able to slide through a block o' upon an axis o". 0¹¹¹ is a pinion mounted
upon the block and gearing with the teeth of the arc o. The pinion ou receives
motion from a graduated hand wheel o", the axis of which is carried by an arm
forining part of the block o'; and upon the axis of the hand wheel there is a
toothed wheel which drives the pinion. Thus it will be seen that by turning the
graduated wheel or to a suitable position, and there locking it, the machine may
be set in such manner that the axis o¹¹ receives the amount of angular motion
suited to the particular ring of holes to be next bored. The axis o" has upon it an
arm o", which (when the machine is working with the nipping pawls d, as wo
are now describing it) is connected by a link with the slotted lever o", which has
its fulcrum upon the rocking frame c. The lever o and the pawl lever m, which
is also slotted, are connected by the sliding coupling pin p'. This coupling pin is
carried at the end of a bent controlling rod p, which at its other extremity has a
loop form and encircles the nose of the cross slide E¹ of the eccentric chuck. Thus
as the form or pattern turns round in the progress of the work, and in con-
sequence of its shape the nose approaches to and recedes from the stop i, corre-
sponding changes are made in the position of the coupling p¹; and the motion
communicated to the lever m when the nose is nearest the stop is greater than its
mean motion; and on the contrary, when the nose is most distant from the stop i
the motion of the lever m is less than its mean motion, and so a compensation is
effected, resulting in the holes being equally spaced.
In working with the arrangement above described, the exact meeting of the
holes in each ring, that is to say, the proper spacing between the first hole and the
last is difficult to obtain, but there are many brushes made in which this is unim-
portant.
To provide for the cases where it is of importance, the machine is represented in
the Drawings to be provided with a second feed motion, but it will be understood
that machines may be constructed with either one or other of the feed motiors
shewn, and without the other. The second feed motion consists of a drum q,
mounted upon the spindle d, but capable of sliding along it with a groove and
feather. The periphery of this druin receives pattern plates which are changed
each time that the machine is put upon a new class of work.

page_text: The pattern plates are perforated with holes, a hole corresponding to each hole
which is to be bored in the brush blank. The positions for these holes are ascer-
tained by trial in the machine, they are then bored, and the plates are fixed in their
places on the drum. The holes in the plates are arranged helically, and there is a
corresponding screw cut upon the boss of the drum. This thread works in a
temporarily fixed nut or section of a nut q', which causes the druin g as it revolves
to traverse along the spindle d. Thus, in turn, each hole in the pattern plates is
brought within reach of the bolt r. The bolt is able to slide in a socket at the
end of the lever r¹. This lever is able to turn upon the spindle d, and as is seen in
Figure 1, it has an inclined groove cut in its boss, which the end of a fixed piu
enters, so that when motion to and fro around the spindle d is imparted to the
lever, the bolt passes along a portion of the helical course on which the holes in
the pattern plates are drilled.
The bolt is controlled by a bell-crank lever 1, and is pressed forward by a
spring, but in the position in which the lever is seen in Figure 4, the bolt is
drawn back in consequence of an arm fixed on the axis of the lever 7¹¹ bearing
against a stop. The axis by which the eccentric chucks are set may serve as the
stop.
The lever has spring connections, as the Drawing indicates with the lever m,
which, when working in this way, is directly connected by a link with the arin o",
and so the lever m receives a rocking motion from the eccentric n', which remains
without variation when once the machine is set.
When the lever m commences to carry the lever down with it, the bolt r
becomes free, and its end presses against the pattern plate on the drum q, and rubs
along its surface until it meets with a hole into which it immediately falls.
Then na the eccentric head of the rocking arm & prevents the drum q from fol-
lowing the downward movement of the lever m, any further motion of the lever m
is without effect, except in stretching and compressing the springs which connect
the levers m and ².
Then on the upward movement of the lever m, the bolt r carries the drum 7 and
the spindle d round, until the bolt is drawn back by the arm coming against
the stop. Then immediately the locking arın s falls, securing the drum q, and at
the same time a thin spring which the locking arm carries, covers the hole in the
pattern plate which the bolt has just left, so that there may be no risk of the bolt
entering the same hole again when it next comes forward.
Where a large number of brushes are required to one pattern, sufficient to repay
the labour expended in the production of the pattern plates, we prefer to make use
of the spacing arrangements last described.
The standard which carries the drill slide k¹, is moveable along the radial arm t,
and by a haud screw can be traversed along it. In this way the machine is set to
produce the spread desired, as the standard is moved inwards towards the centre
to increase the spread, the saddle is removed back to a similar extent along the
frame a, the standard Z and the saddle b being connected by the link b¹.
The arm t has hollow pivots which are carried by the frame, and through these
pivots the vertical axis u passes. ' is an arc on the arm t, in which worm teeth
are cut, and a worm on the horizontal axis t" engages with the teeth of the arc.
The arm t is moved round a short distance after each ring of holes is completed,
and the amount of the movement governs the distance between the rings. The
starting lever v of the machine is connected by a link with the lever v', the fulcrum
of which can be adjusted up or down by means of a screw along a bridge-piece
fixed to the frame.
From the lower end of the lever v¹ a link passes to an arm which is moveable
around the axis t". There is also a flanged disc on the same axis, and nipping
pawls moved by the arm transmit a motion to a worm on the axis t", and in this
way to the arm t each time that the starting lever is thrown out and moves to stop
the machine. The arm thus receives a movement, the extent of which can be
adjusted at pleasure by shifting the fulcrum of the lever v¹. The starting leyer v

page_text: operates by clutching fast the belt pulley upon the main shaft n, and this then by
bevilled gear drives the vertical shaft u, which in turn by a pair of bevilled pinions
drives the horizontal axis till
The axis which gives the forward and backward movement to the drill slide,
takes its motion from the axis 1 by means of a pair of bevilled pinions, that on
the axis being able to slide on the axis with groove and feather.
The machine is thrown out of gear as cach ring of holes is completed by means
of a projecting incline upon the disc d', which when it comes round, moves the
lever wand the sliding rod wl, compressing the spring well which is around the rod.
The rod also carries a finger w, which when the rod is moved as described, acts
upon the bolt of the starting lever vand frees it; the lever is then drawn back by
the spring a, and the machine stops.
Figure 8 is a back elevation, and Figure 9 is a side elevation of a portion of the
machine; and in these Figures another method for spacing the holes is shewn,
which is applicable in cases where the outline of the brush is nearly an elliptic
curve. The form or pattern / has gear teeth formed upon its periphery, and there
are similar teeth upon the roller stop i which thus becomes a pinion, driving
through the pattern h, the spindle d, and parts connected therewith. Ratchet
wheels, ¹, one for each ring of bristles in the brush, are mounted on the axis of
the roller stop i. A pawl receiving motion from the eccentric n¹ moves the
ratchet wheel round step by step, and the number of teeth in the ratchet deter-
mines the number of holes formed in the corresponding ring upon the brush blank.
An arrangement is indicated by which the notion of the starting lever v causes
the pawl to be shifted from one ratchet wheel i¹ to another between the completion
of one ring of holes, and the commencement of the next.
Figure 10 is a front view of a machine to be worked by manual labour, and
which may be employed to produce brushes either with or without spread to the
bristles; Figure 11 is a plan, and Figure 12 is a sectional elevation of the same.
It will bo obvious that where brushes of one class only are required that some of
the parts may be omitted and the machine simplified.
6
a is a frame in which a slide b can be moved up and down vertically. The slido
is suspended from a lever c, and can be retained in various positions by the toothed
rack d, each tooth of which corresponds to a separate ring of holes to be bored in
the brush blank. The blank is fixed in any convenient way upon the form or
pattern e, which has teeth on its periphery, and rests by its weight against the
pinion. The form is slotted, and is able to slide upon the block e which is
attached by a pin b¹ to the face of the slide b. The pinion ƒ has ratchet wheels on
its axis, one for each ring of teeth; and the pawl g, acting on the proper ratchet,
moves it round a tooth to each forward motion of the drill. The drill operates at
a point opposite the centre of the pin b' when that pin is in the position shewn at
Figure 10, and this is the position when the workman commences to work to
produce the centre line of holes. Afterwards the slide 6 is raised step by step to
produce in succession each exterior ring until the boring of the brush blank is
complete.
The arrangement of the drill is clearly seen in Figures 11 and 12; it is mounted
on a slide h, and it is drawn forward by a lever i operated by a treddle. A spring
brings back the slide. The treddle also gives motion to another slide k carrying a
spring incline k' which acts against a pendulum lever g' carrying the pawl g. A
stop arrests the forward motion of the pawl when it has given the proper amount
of motion to the ratchet wheel, and then the spring supporting the incline k' yields
during the remainder of the stroke of the slide h.
When it is desired to produce spread brushes the slide b is not moved in passing
from one ring of holes to another, but the whole frame a is raised by the movement
of the arms a which carry it around the centres l', l, on the fixed standards I, l.
The centres are moveable along horizontal slots in the standards I, and also in the
arms a; a, a, are hand wheels on the axes of screws by which the centres are
traversed along the arms a¹, a¹; 7", ¹¹, are clamping screws by which the centre

page_text: bearings are made fast in the slotted standards when the desired position is
attained; m, m, are locking pins. As already explained, by advancing the
centres,, towards the drill the amount of spread will be increased, and, on the
contrary, by moving back the centres 1, ', the spread will be diminished; n is a
pawl jointed to the frame a and engaging with the rack o, the teeth of which are
BO spaced that by shifting the pawl n from one tooth to another the work will be
moved by the amount requisite in passing from one ring of holes to another; p is
a finger stud which is pressed by the workman when he desires to raise the pawl n;
it acts through a small rack and pinion, as the Drawings show.
In order that the swinging of the frame a may not interfere with the action of
the pendulum lever g¹ this lever is jointed, as is shewn in Figures 13.
In some cases, as already mentioned, in place of obtaining the true spacing of the
holes by mechanism we leave this to the workman, who, before commencing with
his work, marks it with a stencil plate; the machine then ensures the form of the
ring of holes and the spread of the bristles.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the manner of performing
the same, we would have it understood that we claim,―
First. The method by which the desired contour is given to the rings of holes by
the use of the eccentric chucks, rocking frainc, and pattern kept in contact with a
stop, substantially as described.
Second. The method for spacing the holes by employing a controlling rod, which,
being made to follow the variations of the pattern, alters the linking of the parts
through which, step by step, motion is transmitted to the work, substantially as
described.
Third. The method for spacing the holes by employing a drum and patterns
plates, substantially as described.
Fourth. The method for spacing the holes by employing a toothed form and roller
stop, and different ratchet wheels to rotate the said roller stop step by step at
suitable speeds, substantially as described.
Fifth. The method for obtaining the desired spread by mounting the drill on an
arm jointed to and moveable in respect to the frame, the work also being so
arranged that it can be brought nearer to or further from the joint, thereby varying
the spread, substantially as described.
The foregoing claims apply especially to the Figures 1 to 9 of the Drawings.
In reference especially to the succeeding Figures we claim,―
Sixth. The method of obtaining the forms of the successive rings of holes bored
in the brush blank by a pattern which carries the blank sliding to and from a
pinion or stop, which, with the pattern and blank, is moved in relation to the drill
in passing from one ring of holes to another, substantially as described.
Seventh. The method of obtaining the spread of the bristles by arranging the
sliding pattern with the work carried by it and the stop to move around centres,
substantially as described.
We also claim,-
Eighth. The construction of machinery for the manufacture of brushes, substan-
tially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hyppolite Besson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand sight hundred and savanty night