IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND POLISHING DRINKING AND SIMILAR VESSELS MADE OF GLASS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Frederick Lotz, of Barbican, in the City of
London, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
AND POLISHING DRINKING AND SIMILAR VESSELS MADE OF GLASS." A
communication from abroad by the Firm of Volpp Schwarz and Company,
of Freiburg, Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Frederick Lotz
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS
WILLIAM FREDERICK LOTZ, of Barbican, in the City of London.
IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND POLISHING DRINKING AND SIMILAR VESSELS
MADE OF GLASS." [A communication from abroad by the Firm of Volpp Schwarz
and Company, of Freiburg, Germany.]
This Invention relates to machinery for grinding and polishing articles made of
glass, such as drinking glasses and the like, and comprises machinery which is
designed for general purposes, being applicable for nearly all descriptions of hollow
glass articles; also machinery of more simple construction, which is specially
designed to be used for one kind or at most a few different kinds of glass articles.
It also comprises machinery specially adapted for grinding the bottoms of glass
articles.
The said Invention is designed to improve the machinery described in the
Specification of former Letters Patent granted the 24th January, A.D. 1878,
No. 328.
The machinery designed for grinding and polishing nearly all kinds of hollow
glass ware is constructed as follows, that is to say :-
The whole of the mechanism rests on a table or frame, and comprises two chief
parts, namely, the tool which (as heretofore) consists of a stone or cast iron disc, and
the mechanism which feeds the glass article correctly, and replaces the manual labour
usually employed.
The shaft or axle of the stone is placed in two strong bearing brackets which are
movable on the said table.. By reason of this movability, stones of different
dimensions can easily be employed. The construction of the feed-mechanism can
be varied.
I will now proceed to describe the mechanism for cutting flutes, for which
purposes the glass article must be moved horizontally to the stone. A rest which

page_text: supports sliding pieces, and also the glass-carrier or bracket, rests with centre points
in bearings which are moved to the stone by a slide. By this arrangement the
advantage is obtained that the supporting arms or brackets which are provided
suffer no alteration in their bearings, and thus no pressure is produced between the
glass article and the stone by moving the former nearer to the latter. On the
aforesaid slide the mechanism is fixed which has to produce the oscillating motion of
the glass article against the stone. For this purpose the said slide carries a bush in
which a front shaft rests. One end of this shaft carries a crank-disc, and the other end
carries a lever. By means of this shaft and other mechanism different purposes are
effected, as hereinafter described. From time to time, that is to say, whenever a
surface has been ground, the glass article has to be lifted away from the stone, and
then to be placed again thereon, and the mechanism must be so constituted that
the glass article will be removed thereby from the stone just as well after a certain
depth of cut as after a certain fixed time. For glasses of regular form the first
method can be used, and for those of irregular form the latter, and this especially
applies when a tracing has been effected by sand, because in this case the grinding
tool always remains equally sharp.
For grinding by the depth the mechanism is constructed as follows, that is to
sayA pulley which is kept in constant rotation by means of gear-wheels is fixed
on a bush or sleeve which can be shifted on a pin or shaft, and has inside a cam.
On another part of the bush there is a spirally shaped surface which works against
a small roller. In this manner a part of the aforesaid lever is caught at each
revolution, and thus the same is raised whenever this bush is not protected in some
way against shifting sidewise. The bush carries also at the rear a steel-ring,
behind which a sliding bolt falls as soon as the highest point of the spiral surface
reaches the said small roller. When this takes place the pulley is free to make as
many revolutions as may be desired without the cam coming into contact with a
cam-lever. This bush will not be pushed along the bolt by a fixed spiral spring
provided for the purpose, and the lever will not be raised until the lever has come
into a horizontal position, and catch provided for the purpose has released the;
sliding bolt. The raising of the lever causes the glass article to be lifted away
from the stone, because by this movement a crank-disc on the front shaft is caused
to turn through any angle of about 60°, and by means of crank-pins the rods
connected with the under portion of the rest a movement is produced towards the
stone below, and consequently away from the stone above the points.
The mechanism which moves out at regular intervals is brought into connection
with the same movements, and is arranged as follows, that is to say:-)
-Parallel with
the bolt there is a small spindle which carries a ratchet-wheel on the one side, and
a pulley and the stop on the inside. The bush of the pulley has on its outer
continuation a projection which strikes against a bent lever or elbow-shaped slide
which is pushed forward once at each revolution of the bush. By each forward
motion the last named ratchet-wheel is turned one tooth and held by pawls. If for
instance it is desired that the glass article shall be held against the stone during
six revolutions of the pulley and then lifted away, the elbow-slide will be pushed
forward six times, and the ratchet-wheel thus turned for a distance comprising six
teeth. Corresponding with the first tooth, which I call the zero tooth, there is a
stop; if the movement advances for a space of six teeth, the sixth motion will
cause the sliding bolt to be raised at the end, and the herein before described
mechanism comes into action without bringing the lever quite into a horizontal
position, and thus the catch is brought into contact with the sliding bolt. But
during this space of time the ratchet-wheel must again return to zero in order to be
ready for the next flute which has to be cut on the glass. For this purpose the
first named bush is widened at its outer end into the shape of a cone. When the
pulley is pressed inward this cone lifts a forked piece; this action brings the bent-
lever or elbow-slide and the pawl out of gear with the ratchet-wheel, which returns t
by the action of a weight which acts by means of a rope. To prevent the ratchet-
wheel from going beyond the zero position on returning, the pawls of the elbow-

page_text: slide carry in front a stop on which strikes a pin which corresponds with the teeth.
The pin is put into the ratchet-wheel in a tooth either nearer to or farther from
the zero-tooth, according to the number of revolutions of the pulley during which
the glass article has to be ground, and it is thus made possible to allow the flutes
to remain in contact with the stone either for a longer or a shorter space of time,
according to the thickness of the glass and the sharpness of the cutting tool.
After each removal of the glass article, that is to say, before each re-application
of the same, the said article must be turned a portion of its circumference, that is to
say, the width of the flute, and this is effected by means of a regulator which must
act uniformly for any desired change in the machine, and this is attained by the
following construction, that is to say:-
On the slide is fixed a rod exactly in the middle of the same, and lies before the
rest. This rod is at the other end brought into connection with the upper movable
slide by means of joints, in order always to be parallel with the same. On this rod
there is a sliding-block which carries a vertical screw. The other end of this screw
rests in a sliding block which is capable of being moved in the horizontal part of
the bent lever by means of a screw. A bent lever has on its upper end a pawl
which works in a ratchet-wheel. If the upper part of the machine is moved
backward by revolving around the bearing points, the bent lever cannot be removed
in a vertical direction; the bolt that holds the bent lever and is fixed on the
carrier or bracket is lowered, and the ratchet wheel will be turned one tooth.
When the movement is completed, the sliding bolt which holds the glass article
during the grinding and prevents it from turning, slips again into a tooth of the
ratchet-wheel. If the glass article is now again brought forward, the pawl will
again slide over one tooth, and on the return of the glass article another tooth will
be moved, and so on. The number of teeth on the ratchet-wheel depends on the
number of flutes required to be cut on the glass. By shifting the sliding blocks in
the horizontal arm of the bent lever, the pawl will be arranged to have any desired
stroke. This regulator acts in the same way, if it should be required, in the case of
conical shaped glasses, to give to that part of the machine which is on the rest a
certain angle to the horizontal axle of the stone by means of a screw worked by a
small hand wheel, thus having the effect of placing the flat side surfaces of the glass
article parallel with the cutting face of the stone.
As by means of the mechanism above described the glass article is turned,
lifted off, and again advanced, provision must be made for keeping it from the stone
after a complete revolution, so that the workman may be enabled to place a new
glass article between the brackets or supports. For this purpose I provide one
moro ratchet-wheel which is moved by a pawl on the lever carried by the crank-
disc, and each time this pawl is lowered one tooth is turned. The last tooth of this
wheel varies in shape from the other teeth, and in such a manner that it fits with
the rear part against the spindle, when the zero tooth will keep the lever in an
elevated position by the pawl in order to provide for inserting a new glass article.
If for instance ten flutes have to be produced, the tenth tooth on the wheel will at
the commencement be placed against the regulating pawl, and it thus places tooth
number 15 ten divisions away from the shaft. When the pawl by each downward
movement of the lever has moved the wheel one tooth, then it will by the tenth
descent.place tooth number 15 against the shaft, and the lever can thus be readily
raised but not lowered. In order also to bring the wheel back again automatically
into its original position so as to be ready for a new glass article, there is one more
pawl fixed on a bracket. This pawl falls into the teeth as soon as they have been
pushed away by the other pawl, and prevents the wheel from being turned back
again by a small weight, which also is suspended on a small roller which again is
connected with the said wheel. The teeth on the wheels have also corresponding
holes into which a pin can be inserted. If in fixing a new glass article this wheel
is to be brought back to the tenth tooth, then the pin will have to be fixed in the
hole of the tenth tooth; by the elevation of the lever into a completely vertical
position, the second pawl will, by means of its continuation, be thrown out of gear

page_text: with the wheel by a pin which is on the side of the lever, and the wheel will, by
the action of the weight, be turned back until the pin, and with it the corresponding
tooth, strikes on a stop connected with the bracket. After the fixing of the glass
article the lever is left untouched, and the grinding of the glass is completed by
the machine without the workman having anything to do with it. Thus it is
possible for one workman to attend to four or more machines at the same time.
I provide a vertical frame provided with mechanism which serves for grinding
vertical flutes in the most varied shapes, and is principally designed for English and
French manufacturers; this mechanism can be introduced into the machine first
herein described, or may form by itself a separate machine. In the first case the
centre-bearings which are cast on the slide are turned downward; in these there is
a spindle which carries a vertical rest. In this rest a slide is provided, which can
be moved up and down by means of a small wheel. On the top of the slide, on a
horizontal disc, there is a chuck with the glass article. The rest forms at the top
two lugs, which receive round toothed rods or racks. A cross piece is provided,
which is easily moved up and down on these rods when the keys on the top, which
catch in the teeth of the rods, are released. The said cross-piece receives in the
centre an arbor with a cork chuck, and against the latter the bottom of the glass
article is pressed; the glass article to be ground is now placed in position by raising
the cross-piece, putting the glass article on the chuck, pushing the cross-piece down,
letting the keys drop into the teeth, and then pressing the glass article into the
chuck by means of a small wheel. As a rule several chucks are provided, which
are glued to iron bushes, and are put beforehand in the glass articles to be ground
so as to lose the least possible amount of time in fixing and removing; the glass
article is when finished taken out together with the bush.
The mechanism which in this vertical machine moves the glass article on and off
is the same as above described.
The motion of the shaft to the slide is effected by an excentric, and the rest
carries for this purpose a horizontally fixed bracket which clutches around the
excentric. If the latter is turned by the lever on the front shaft an elevation of the
glass towards the stone is thereby effected. After a fixed time (regulated by a time-
regulator) the lever is raised, and then the glass will be ground by the stone.
In order to cause the glass article to turn after the completion of a flute on one
part of its circumference the continuation of the pin which receives the chuck
carries a small bevel-wheel; into this wheel gears a second vertical bevel gear-wheel.
On the spindle of the latter is the ratchet-wheel; into this wheel gears a pawl,
which is suspended on a small bracket cast in one piece with the slide. By laying
the glass article on and taking it off the ratchet-wheel moves against a pawl, and
this pushes the wheel one tooth forward. By means of the small bevel wheels this
movement is transmitted to the chuck-spindle. According to whether there is a
larger or smaller number of teeth on the wheel will the number of flutes cut on the
circumference of the glass be larger or smaller.
I provide another chuck arrangement for glasses which decrease in diameter
towards the top edge. It is constructed as follows, that is to say :-The arm or bracket
supports a bush capable of revolving, and in this there is a spindle; this spindle
can only be moved lengthwise in the bush, while the rotary motion is effected by
the bush itself by means of a ratchet wheel fixed on it; one end of the spindle is
made conical, like the head of a counter-sunk screw, and there is a screw-thread on
the other end; this end screws into a nut made in the shape of small hand wheel.
There are four segments around the cone-shaped end of the spindle, these segments
being made of hard wood with cork glued thereon. The said segments are held
together by two small india-rubber rings let into slots or grooves. If the nut or
hand wheel is turned in so that the spindle receives a movement in one direction
then the segments will be forced away from one another by the cone and a cast
iron collar, and will thus fill the inside of the glass article. This mode of fixing
may, if desired, also be applied to the machine first herein described, also to the
machines for special purposes which are hereinafter described.

page_text: In some cases the periphery of the grinding stone in this vertical machine is cut
with two, three, or more V-shaped grooves, leaving a series of sharp ridges or edges
completely around the stone. This form of stone is useful for cutting diamond-shaped
figures or "splits" on the glass. By means of this stone two or more grooves may
be cut at the same time.
I construct machinery for grinding facets, which machinery is similar in some
respects to that hereinbefore described for general work, but the characteristic feature
is that the glass articles are not applied to the front of the stone, but (as is generally
the case with Bohemian glass-ware) to the side thereof. In consequence of this the
shaft of the stone or cast iron disc stands at right angles to the axis of the glass
article. The fixing of the glass articles, and the application of the same to the
stone, also the removal therefrom, are effected by exactly the same mechanism as
first herein described, therefore I shall now describe only the differences.
Bohemian drinking glasses are exactly marked out beforehand with sand, and it
is therefore necessary to give the glass article a to and fro motion on the stone,
just as is done by the manual labour. For this purpose I provide gear-wheels,
operated from the main shaft, which turns a small drum or cylinder provided with
an oblique groove. In this groove a projection on another shaft fits, which shaft
by this means receives an oscillating movement. On the other end of this shaft is
fixed a single lever which likewise moves to and fro, and by means of a connecting
link and a joint it compels the slide with the brackets thereon to partake of the
same movement, that is to say, to move the glass article to and fro on the stone or
cast iron disc, presenting the whole length of its side-face.
As grinding tools of the same diameter are always used in this machine, and as
in this case the machine is not worked so rapidly as the other, the centre-points
on the rest are supported on a slide screwed into the frame near the grind-stone.
The regulation, that is to say, the act of turning the glass article each time it is
lifted off a portion of its circumference is effected by means of a pawl. The lever
on which the pawl is fixed is supported below on one of the brackets. When the
glass is lifted off from the stone the bracket consequently moves back, then the
lever turns around the joint, and the pawl pulls round the ratchet-wheel one tooth.
The fulcrum is pushed higher up or lower down in the lever according to the
divisions on the ratchet-wheel, and thus the stroke of the pawl is changed.
I also provide special mechanism for grinding facets, which mechanism is in
principle the same as that just herein described, but is very much simplified, so
that glass articles of one kind only can be ground on it. The mechanism is con-
structed as follows, that is to say :-
The grinding-tool (either a stone or cast iron disc) is screwed to the main shaft,
and is supported in bearing brackets on the table or frame in the same manner as
above described.
The small brackets are in this case not made to be shifted on the slide but are
cast in one piece with the same, which can be turned in a borizontal direction
around a central bolt and is thus connected with the rest. The right-end portion
of the bracket-piece carries a chuck and a small ratchet-wheel; the left-hand
portion of the bracket-piece receives another chuck which presses against the bottom
of the glass article, and thus as it were forces it into the first named chuck. The
second chuck is a cork piece glued to an iron plate, which latter is fixed on a screw
with a hand wheel in such a manner that the wheel can be turned with the screw
without causing the second chuck to turn. But in order that the fixing and
removing of the glass articles may be speedily effected the screw with this chuck
on it works in another bush which can be shifted in the bracket-piece as soon as
the bolt has been lifted up. In this case the chuck can be drawn completely back.
The glass article is taken out with the first chuck which is fixed on a cast iron bush
made to be taken off the pin, which causes it to turn with the ratchet wheel by
means of a small projection; a previously prepared new glass article with bush and
chuck is inserted, the second bush is pushed in the bolt let down, and thus the only

page_text: operation that now is needed to complete the fixing of the glass is to give the hand-
wheel a slight turn.
In order that the glass article may also be moved to and fro on the stone, the
rest is placed on a pin on which it can oscillate and move along. The oscillating
movement is produced by a lever cast on the rest which clutches around the excen-
tric on the shaft. As this shaft is kept constantly revolving by band pulleys
the lever from the rest moves at each revolution up and down, and consequently
moves the glass article to and fro on the stone.
For the purpose of lifting the glass article away from the stone and lay it thereon
again from time to time, that is to say, whenever a flute has been ground, it is
required that the acting lever on the shaft which lies across the front of the
machine should be raised again. This is now effected by a tappet which is fixed
on the arm of a small spur-wheel driven by another wheel which is fixed on the
shaft driven by the pulleys, and it is thus possible by using a larger or smaller
wheel to allow a projection to press on the continuation of the acting lever beyond
the front shaft at shorter or longer intervals of time, and consequently to cause
this lever with the weight to be lifted up. As this lever is fixed on the front shaft
and the latter is supported at the other end of the pin, and there carries an arm
turned downwards, each time the lever is raised it causes the glass article to be
moved from the stone. A screw, whose nut is in the arm, transmits motion from
the arm to the rest.
If the cutting face of the stone or disc should be somewhat worn then the screw
can be screwed more or less out of the nut by turning the latter, and the glass
article will thus be brought against the stone earlier or later.
The regulation of the small ratchet-wheel is here likewise effected by a simple
arrangement. In the right hand horizontal portion of the bracket-piece is a short
spindle which stands out to the right, and there carries a vertical lever with the
pawl which works in the ratchet wheel. Near the centre on this spindle is a
horizontal lever with a projection. When the rest is drawn back then the pro-
jection is lifted by contact with the small wheel, the bent lever is inclined towards
the machine, and the ratchet-wheel is shifted to the extent of one tooth.
The mechanism which retains the acting lever in an elevated position when the
glass articles have been finished is also arranged here by means of a wheel in the
same manner as in the mechanism herein before described.
I will now proceed to describe the machine specially designed for grinding the
bottoms of such glass articles.
The whole of this machine stands by itself, and is made in the form of a table.
The driving shaft is placed in the centre of a pedestal; on the upper end of this
shaft an emery-disc is provided, being screwed on by means of plates and india-
rubber discs. Projecting supporting pieces are arranged radially around the
pedestal, each of which supports is furnished with mechanism which has to perform
the following operations, namely:-
:-
To receive and hold firmly the glass article to be ground, to lower the same into
horizontal position, to press it against the stone and also turn it; after the bottom,
if finished, to push it back again automatically, and to raise it in such a manner
that it will remain in this position till the glass article to be ground has been taken
out and a new one inserted, so that the grinding operation can re-commence.
The glass article is held in a chuck of cork, india-rubber, or the like, which is
fixed on a wrought iron mandrel of requisite strength. For glasses with long stems
I may provide claws to gripe the bottom direct instead of the said chuck. The
mandrel is guided accurately in a bush. This bush is supported in a sliding
pivotted poppet, and can thus turn upward with the mandrel which carries on its
end a head which terminates in a joint; the upper portion is formed into an
inclined plane. If the said mandrel is moved back by the head by means of a
set-screw through a movement of a lever provided for the purpose the upper
surface of the head slides downward against a small roller and lifts the glass article

page_text: upward. This lever works on a pin which is supported on both sides in bearings.
There is another lever which is pulled down by a weight. By this movement the
mandrel is pressed forward, and the bottom of the glass article is thus pressed
against the emery stone.
The turning of the glass during the pressure is effected by a small toothed-
wheel which is moved by a pulley, and gears into a small wheel on the
mandrel.
When the weighted lever has reached its lowest position the bottom of the glass
will have been ground completely; when the glass article has to be raised again so
that it may be moved away from the emery-disc and brought into its elevated
position. For this purpose the following simple arrangement is provided, that is to
say-On a handle which is keyed to a pin carrying the weighted lever hangs a
connecting-link, which has at its other end a lever. A projecting rod on a fixed
fulcrum has on its free end a piston which is held by a spring, but has, when the
latter is raised, a tendency to press against a cylinder which revolves slowly on
guide-rollers; this cylinder receives its rotary motion from a spindle which on the
other side is connected with a gear wheel. When the weighted lever has reached
its lowest position the said piston has also come into its lowest position while the
spring is supported by a keeper, so that the piston can press against the cylinder.
The latter is provided with a number of inclined apertures or slits, and when one
of these apertures comes in front of the piston the latter flies forward, slides
upward in the aperture, and elevates the weighted lever. When the piston arrives
at the top of the aperture it is pressed in again by an inclined tooth or piece which
is situated there so that it will again be held by the spring.
In order to cause the weighted lever to remain elevated until a new glass article
has been inserted, hooks are provided which fall over a pin while the lever is being
raised, that is to say, while the pin turns round, and thus at the same time the
glass article is prevented from being lowered and from moving forward.
When the glass article is fixed the workman has only to press a spring which
causes the lever to descend, the glass is also lowered, and moved horizontally
against the stone, where it is ground while revolving. By means of a small hand
wheel the depth of the cut can be regulated. By means of a screw the poppet can
be made to advance or recede in order to alter the support of the mandrel for the
wearing out of the emery-wheel. The cylinder answers for all the six glasses which
I place around the stone or emery-wheel.
As it takes one minute to grind the bottom of a glass article, all the articles in
the machine are ground within the same time, and one workman can by one action
per minute grind six bottoms; therefore in one working day of ten hours 3,600
bottoms may be ground, while by manual labour he is only able with the greatest
exertion to grind from 80 to 100.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Frederick Lotz in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th
July 1880.
WILLIAM FREDERICK LOTZ, of Barbican, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND POLISHING DRINKING AND SIMILAR VESSELS
MADE OF GLASS." A communication from abroad by the Firm of Volpp Schwarz
and Company, of Freiburg, Germany.
This Invention relates to machinery for grinding and polishing articles made of
glass, such as drinking glasses and the like; it comprises machinery which is
applicable for grinding and polishing of nearly all descriptions of hollow glass
articles; also machinery of more simple construction which is specially designed
to be used for one kind, or at most, for a few different kinds of glass articles ;
it also comprises machinery specially adapted for grinding the bottoms of hollow
glass articles.
The said Invention is designed to improve the machinery described in the
Specification of former Letters Patent, dated the 24th January, A.D. 1878,
No. 328.
The said Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in which,―
Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section.
Figure 2 is an end elevation partly in section; and
Figure 3 is a plan partly in section of a machine constructed according to my
Invention for grinding and polishing hollow glass ware.
Figures 4 to 6, Figures 7 to 9, and Figures 10 to 12 shew various portions of the
same detached, and also modifications hereinafter described.
Figure 13 shews a peculiar form of grinding stone hereinafter described.
Figures 14 and 17 are sectional side elevations of two different machines for
grinding facets.
Figures 15 and 18 are end elevations partly in section; and
Figures 16 and 19 are plans of the same.
Figure 20 is a sectional elevation of a machine for grinding the bottom of hollow :
glass ware.
Figure 21 is a side elevation of a portion of the same; and
Figure 22 is a plan or top view.
The machinery designed for grinding and polishing nearly all kinds of hollow glass-
ware is constructed as follows, that is to say :-
The whole of the mechanism rests on a table or frame T, and comprises two
chief parts, namely, the tool which, as heretofore, consists of a stone or cast iron
disc, and the mechanism that feeds the glass article properly to the stone, and that
performs the work for which manual labour has been usually employed.
The shaft or axle of the stone S is supported in two strong bearing brackets B 4
which are adjustable on the said table T. By reason of this adjustability stones of
different dimensions can be employed. The construction of the feed-mechanism
may be varied.
I will now proceed to describe the mechanism for cutting flutes, for which
purpose the glass article must be moved horizontally to the stone (see Figures
1, 2, 3). A rest U which supports sliding pieces P and O, and also the glass-
carrier or bracket A, is centred in bearings which are moved to the stone by a
slide V. This arrangement is advantageous for the reason that the supporting arms
or brackets A suffer no alteration in their bearings, and thus no pressure is pro-
duced between the glass article and the stone by moving the former nearer to the 5
latter. On the aforesaid slide V is the fixed mechanism which has to produce the
to and fro motion of the glass article against the stone. For this purpose the said
slide V carries the bush J in which a shaft q rests. One end of this shaft carries

page_text: a crank-disc K, and the other end carries a lever H. By means of this shaft and
other mechanism different purposes are effected, as hereinafter described. From
time to time, that is to say, whenever a surface has been ground, the glass article
has to be moved away from the stone and then placed again thereon, and the
mechanism must be so constituted that the glass article will be removed thereby
from the stone after any determined depth of cut, or after a certain fixed time, as
may be desired. For glasses of regular form the first method may be used, and for
those of irregular form the latter is preferable, and this especially applies when a
tracing has been effected by sand, because in this case the grinding tool always
remains equally sharp.
For grinding by the depth the mechanism is constructed as follows, that is to
sayA pulley r, which is kept in constant rotation by means of gear wheels u, u',
and r¹, is fixed on a bush or sleeve, which can be shifted on a piu or shaft a, and
has an internal cam d. On another part of the bush there is a spirally-shaped
surface, which works against a small roller i. In this manner a part of the
aforesaid lever H is caught at each revolution, and thus the same is raised
whenever this bush is not held in some manner against lateral shifting. The bush
carries also at the rear a steel ring, behind which a sliding bolt c falls as soon as
the highest point of the spiral surface reaches the said small roller. When this
action takes place the pulley is free to make as many revolutions as may be
desired without having the cam d move into contact with a cam-lever t. The bush
will be pushed along the bolt by a fixed spiral spring provided for the purpose,
and the lever will be raised when, and not before, the lever has come into a
horizontal position, and a catch N provided for the purpose has released the sliding-
bolt c.
The raising of the lever H causes the glass article to be lifted away from
the stone, because the crank-disc K on the shaft q is caused to turn through an
angle of about 60°, and by means of crank-pins and rods connected with the under
portion of the rest U it has a movement towards the stone below, and consequently
from the stone above the centres of the shaft q.
The mechanism, which grinds by time and moves in and out at regular intervals, is
brought into connection with the same movements, and is arranged as follows, that is
to say: Parallel with the bolt a there is a small shaft w, which carries a ratchet-
wheel y on one side, and the pulley v and stop d' on the inside. The bush of the
pulley r has on its outer continuation a projection u, which strikes against a bent lever
or elbow-shaped slide h (Figures 7, 8, and 9), which is pushed forward once at each
revolution of the bush. At each forward motion the ratchet-wheel y is turned one
tooth, and held by the pawls l. If, for instance, it is desired that the glass article
shall be held against the stone during six revolutions of the pulley r and then
lifted away, the elbow-slide will be pushed forward six times, and the ratchet
wheely thus turned for a distance comprising six teeth. Corresponding with the
first tooth, which I call the zero tooth, is the stop d¹ on the shaft w.
If an
advance movement takes place to the extent of six teeth the sixth motion will
cause the sliding bolt c to be raised at the end, and the herein before described
mechanism comes into action without bringing the lever H quite into a horizontal
position, and thus the catch N is brought into contact with the sliding bolt c.
But during this space of time the ratchet wheel y must again return to zero in
order to be ready for the next flute which has to be cut on the glass. For this
purpose the first named bush a is widened at its outer end into the shape of a
cone. When the pulley r is pressed inward this cone raises a forked piece g. This
action brings the bent lever or elbow-slide h and the pawl out of gear with the
ratchet-wheel y, which is caused to return by the action of a weight attached to a
rope. To prevent the ratchet wheel from going beyond the zero position on
returning, the pawls of the elbow slide h carry in front a stop (see Figure 7), against
which strikes a pin x, which corresponds with the teeth. This pin x is placed in
the ratchet-wheel y in a tooth either nearer to or further from the zero-tooth,
according to the number of revolutions of the pulley during which the glass article
has to be ground, and it is possible by these means to allow the flutes to remain in

page_text: contact with the stone either for a longer or a shorter space of time, according to
the thickness of the glass and the sharpness of the cutting tool.
After each removal of the glass article, and before each reapplication of the same
to the stone, the said article must be turned a portion of its circumference, that is
to say, the width of the flute, and its turning is effected by means of a regulator,
which must act uniformly for any desired change in the machine. This object is
attained by the following construction, that is to say:-
On the slide V is fixed at one end a rod p exactly in the middle of the same,
and occupying a position in front of the rest U. This rod at the other end is
brought into connection with the upper movable slide P by means of joints in
order always to be parallel with the same. On this rod p there is a sliding block,
which carries a vertical screw. The other end of this screw rests in a sliding-
block, which is capable of being moved in the horizontal part of the bent lever h
by means of a screw. This bent lever h has on its upper end a pawl L, which
works in a ratchet-wheel 8. If the upper part of the machine is moved backward
by revolving around the bearing-points the bent lever cannot move in a vertical
direction; the bolt that holds the bent lever h, and fixed on the carrier or bracket
A, is lowered, and the ratchet-wheels will be turned one tooth. When the move-
ment is completed the sliding bolt n, which holds the glass article during the
grinding and prevents it from turning, slips again into a tooth of the ratchet-
wheel 8.
If the glass article is now again brought forward the pawl L will again
slide over one tooth, and on the return of the glass article another tooth will be
moved, and so on. The number of teeth on the ratchet wheels depends on the
number of flutes required to be cut on the glass. By shifting the sliding blocks in
the horizontal arm of the bent lever h the pawl L may be arranged to have any
desired stroke. This regulator acts in the same way, if it should be required in
the case of conical shaped glasses, to give to that part of the machine which is
on the rest U a certain angle to the horizontal axle of the stone by means of a
screw 6 worked by a small hand wheel k, thus having the effect of placing
the flat side-surfaces of the glass article parallel with the cutting face of the
stone.
As by means of the mechanism above described the glass article is turned, lifted
off, and again advanced, provision must be made for keeping it from the stone after
a complete revolution, so that the workman may be enabled to place a new glass
article between the brackets or supports A and A¹. For this purpose the mechanism
shewn in Figures 7, 8, and 9 is provided with a ratchet wheel z which is moved by
a pawl o on the lever H, and each time this pawl o is lowered the said wheel is
turned to the extent of one tooth; the teeth of this wheel are numbered in the
Drawings from 0 to 15. The last tooth of this wheel varies in shape from the other
teeth, and in such a manner that it fits with its rear part against the spindle q,
when the zero tooth is to keep the lever H in an elevated position by means of the
pawl o, in order to provide for inserting a new glass article. If, for instance, ten
Hutes have to be produced the tenth tooth on the ratchet wheel z will at the com-
mencement be placed against the regulating pawl o, and it thus places tooth number
15 ten divisions away from the shaft q. When the pawl o, by each downward
movement of the lever H, has moved the wheel z one tooth then it will by the tenth
descent place tooth number 15 against the shaft q, and the lever H can thus be
readily raised, but not lowered. In order also to bring the wheel z back again
automatically into its original position, so as to be ready for a new glass article,
another pawl o¹ is fixed on a bracket J, Figure 7; this pawl falls into the teeth as
soon as they have been pushed away by the other pawl o, and prevents the wheel z
from being turned back again by a small weight P which is suspended on a small
roller connected with the said wheel z. The teeth on the wheel Z have also corre-
sponding holes into which a pin can be inserted. If in fixing a new glass article
this wheel Z is to be brought back to the tenth tooth then the pin will have to be
fixed in the hole of the tenth tooth; by the elevation of the lever H into a com-
pletely vertical position the second pawl o' will, by means of its continuation or

page_text: extension, be thrown out of gear with the wheel Z by a pin which is on the side of
the lever H, and the wheel Z will by the action of the weight P be turned back
until the pin, and with it the corresponding tooth, strikes on a stop connected with
the bracket J. After the fixing of the glass article the lever H is left untouched,
and the grinding of the glass is completed by the machine without any attention
on the part of the workman. Thus it is possible for one workman to attend to four
or more machines at the same time.
In Figures 4, 5, and 6 I have shewn a vertical frame provided with mechanism
which serves for grinding vertical flutes in the most varied shapes, and is principally
designed for English and French manufactures. This mechanism can be introduced
into the machine first herein described, or may form by itself a separate machine.
In the first case the centre bearings which are cast on the slide V are turned down-
ward. In these bearings is supported a spindle Z which carries a vertical rest P;
in this rest P the slide A can be moved up and down by means of a small wheel F.
On the top of the slide A, on a horizontal disc, there is a chuck f with the glass
article Q. The rest P forms at the top two lugs which receive the round toothed
rods or racks b. A cross-piece A¹ is provided which is easily moved up and down
on these rods when the keys on the top which catch in the teeth of the rods are
released. The said cross piece A receives in the centre an arbor with a cork chuck
f¹, and against the latter the bottom of the glass article is pressed. The glass
article to be ground is now placed in position by raising the cross piece A', putting
the glass article on the chuck f, pushing the cross piece A¹ down, letting the keys
drop into the teeth, and then pressing the glass article upon the chuck f by means
of a small wheel F. As a rule several chucks fare provided which are glued to
iron bushes and are put beforehand into the glass articles to be ground, so as to lose
the least possible amount of time in fixing and removing the same.
The glass
article is, when finished, taken out together with the bush.
The mechanism which in this vertical machine moves the glass article into and
out of contact with the stone is the same as that above described and shewn in
Figures 7, 8, and 9, and will be fixed on the bracket J, Figure 6.
The motion from the shaft q to the slide A is effected by an excentric e, and the
rest P carries for this purpose a horizontally fixed bracket which surrounds the
excentric. If the said excentric e is turned by the lever H on the shaft q an
elevation of the glass towards the stone is thereby effected. After a fixed time
(regulated by a time-regulator) the lever H is raised, and then the glass will be
ground by the stone.
In order to cause the glass article to turn after the completion of a flute on one
part of its circumference, the continuation of the pin which receives the chuck f
carries a small bevil wheel, Figure 5; into this wheel gears a second vertical bevil
gear-wheel. On the spindle of the latter is the ratchet wheel 8. With this wheel s
engages a pawl L, which is suspended on a small bracket h cast in one piece with
the slide V. By laying the glass article on and taking it off the ratchet-wheel 8
moves against the pawl L', and this pushes the wheel 8 one tooth forward. By
means of the small bevil wheels this movement is transmitted to the chuck-spindle
at f. According to whether there is a larger or smaller number of teeth on the
wheel 8, so will the number of flutes cut on the circumference of the glass be
larger or smaller.
In Figures 10, 11, and 12, I have shewn another chuck-arrangement for glasses
which decrease in diameter towards the top edge. It is constructed as follows,
that is to say,―The arm or bracket A which receives the glass chuck supports a
bush capable of revolving, and in this bush there is a spindle D. This spindle can
only be moved lengthwise in the bush, while the rotary motion is effected by the
bush itself by means of a ratchet-wheels fixed on it; one end of the spindle D is
made conical like the head of a counter sunk screw, and there is a screw thread on
the other end; this end screws into a nut made in the shape of a small hand
wheel N. There are four segments c around the cone-shaped end of the spindle D,
these segments being made of hard wood with cork glued thereon. The said

page_text: segments are held together by two small india-rubber rings let into slots or
grooves. If the nut or hand-wheel N is turned so that the spindle D receives a
movement in one direction then the four segments c will be forced away from one
another by the cone and the cast iron collar f, and will thus fill the inside of the
glass article. This mode of fixing may if desired be applied to the machine first
herein described, also to the machines for special purposes, which are hereinafter
described.
In some cases the periphery of the grinding stone in this vertical machine is cut
with two, three, or more V-shaped grooves, leaving a series of sharp ridges or edges
completely around the stone. This form of stone is shewn on a small scale in
Figure 13, and is useful for cutting diamond-shaped figures or "splits" on the
glass. By means of this stone two or more grooves may be cut at the same time.
In Figures 14, 15, and 16, I bave shewn machinery for grinding facets, which
machinery is similar in some respects to that herein before described for general
work, but its characteristic feature is that the glass articles are not applied to the
front of the stone, but (as is generally the case with Bohemian glass ware) to the
side thereof.
For this reason the shaft of the stone or cast iron disc stands at right angles to
the axis of the glass article. The fixing of the glass articles and the application of
the same to the stone, and also the removal therefrom are effected by substantially
the same mechanism as first herein described, therefore a description of the
differences or variations will suffice.
Bohemian drinking glasses are mostly marked out beforehand with sand, and it
is therefore necessary to give the glass article a to-and-fro motion on the stone just
as is done by manual labour. For this purpose I provide gear wheels u, u,
operated from the main shaft W, for turning the small drum or cylinder e provided
with an oblique groove. In this groove a projection on the shaft a fits, which
shaft by this means receives an oscillating movement. On the other end of this
shaft a is fixed a single lever, which likewise moves to and fro; by means of a
connecting link and a joint it couples the slide P with the brackets A, A', thereon
to partake of the same movement, that is to say, to move the glass article to and
fro on the stone or cast iron disc presenting the whole length of its side face.
As grinding tools of the same diameter are always used in this machine, and as
this machine is not worked so rapidly as the others, the centre points on the rest U
are supported on a slide V screwed into the frame T near the grindstone.
The regulation, that is to say, the act of turning the glass article each time it is
lifted from a portion of its circumference, is effected by means of a pawl L. The
lever on which this pawl L is fixed is supported below on the bracket A. When
the glass is lifted off from the stone, and the bracket A consequently moves back,
then the lever h turns around the joint on the part t, and the pawl L pulls round the
ratchet-wheels one tooth. The fulcrum on the part t is pushed higher up or
lower down in the lever h according to the divisions on the ratchet wheel 8, and
thus the stroke of the pawl L is changed.
In Figures 17, 18, and 19 I have shewn another form of machine for grinding
facets in which the mechanism is in principle the same as that just herein before
described, but is very much simplified, so that glass articles of one kind only can
be ground on it. This mechanism is constructed as follows, that is to say:-
The grinding tool S (either a stone or cast iron disc) is screwed to the shaft W,
and is supported in bearing brackets B on the table or frame T in the same manner
as above described.
The small brackets A are in this case not arranged to be shifted on the slide,
but are cast in one piece with the same which can be turned in a horizontal
direction around a central bolt M, and is thus connected with the rest U (Figure 18).
The right hand portion of the bracket piece A carries a chuck f and a small
ratchet-wheel 8, and the left hand portion of the same receives another chuck f
which presses against the bottom of the glass article, and thus as it were forces it
into the chuck f. The chuck f¹ is a cork piece glued to an iron plate, which latter

page_text: is fixed on a screw with a hand wheel F in such a manner that the wheel F can be
turned with the screw without causing the second chuck f¹ to rotate. But in
order that the fixing and removing of the glass articles may be speedily effected,
the screw with this chuck f¹ on it works in another bush P which can be shifted
in the bracket piece A as soon as the bolt y (Figure 19) has been lifted up. In
this case the chuck f' can be drawn completely back, and the glass article is taken
out with the chuck f which is fixed on a cast iron bush arranged to be taken off
the pin, which causes it to turn with the ratchet-wheel 8 by means of a small
projection; a previously prepared new glass article with the bush and chuck is
then inserted, the second bush P is pushed in, the bolt let down, and thus the
only operation that now is needed to complete the fixing of the glass is to give the
hand wheel F a slight turn.
In order that the glass article may also be moved to and fro on the stone, the
rest U is placed on a pin Z on which it can oscillate and move along. The
oscillating movement is produced by a lever cast on the rest U which surrounds
the excentric e (Figure 19) on the shaft a; as this shaft a is kept constantly
revolving by the band pulleys u, u¹, the lever from the rest U moves at each
revolution up and down, and consequently moves the glass article Q to and fro on
the stone.
For the purpose of removing the glass article from the stone and bringing it
into contact therewith again from time to time, that is to say, whenever a flute has
been ground, it is necessary that the acting lever H on the shaft q (Figure 19)
which lies across the front of the machine should be raised again; this is effected
by a tappet d which is fixed on the arm of a small spur-wheel driven by another
wheel which is fixed on the shaft a, and it is thus possible by using a larger or
smaller wheel to allow the projection d to press on the continuation of the acting
lever H behind the front shaft g at shorter or longer intervals of time, and con-
sequently to cause this lever H with its weight G to be lifted. As the lever H
is fixed on the front shaft q and the latter is supported at the other end by the
pin Z, and there carries an arm K turned downwards, each time the lever H is
raised it causes the glass article to be moved from the stone. The screw m whose
nut E is in the arm K transmits motion from the arın K to the rest U.
If the cutting face of the stone or disc should be somewhat worn then the screw m
can be screwed more or less out of the nut E by turning the latter, and the glass
article will thus be brought against the stone earlier or later. The regulation of
the small ratchet wheel 8 is also likewise effected by a simple arrangement. In the
right hand horizontal portion of the bracket piece A is a short spindle, which
stands out to the right, and there carries a vertical lever h, with the pawl L, which
works in the ratchet wheel 8. Near the centre of this spindle is a horizontal lever
with a projection n. When the rest U is drawn back then the projection n is
lifted by contact with the small wheel N (Figure 17), the bent lever his inclined
towards the machine, and the ratchet-wheel 8 is shifted to the extent of one
tooth.
The mechanism which retains the acting lever H in an elevated position when
the glass articles have been finished is arranged in connection with a wheel z in
the same manner as in the machine first herein before described.
I will now proceed to describe the machine especially designed for grinding the
bottoms of glass articles, and which is illustrated in Figures 20 to 22.
In this machine the driving-shaft W is placed in the centre of a pedestal G ; on the
upper end of this shaft an emery-disc S is provided, being screwed on by means of plates
and india-rubber discs. Projecting supporting pieces or tables T are arranged radially
around the pedestal G, each of which tables is furnished with mechanism which has
to perform the following operations, namely:-To receive and hold firmly the
glass article to the ground, to lower the same into a horizontal position, to press it
against the stone and also turn it, after the bottom is finished to push it back
again automatically, and to raise it in such a manner that it will remain in this

page_text: position till the glass article to be ground has been taken off and a new one
inserted, so that the grinding operation can re-commence.
The glass article is held by a chuck F of cork, india-rubber, or the like, which is
fixed on a wrought iron mandrel D, of the requisite strength. For glasses with
long stems I may provide claws to gripe the bottom direct instead of the chuck F.
The mandrel D is guided accurately in a bush H. This bush H is supported in a
sliding pivotted poppet R, and can thus turn upward with the mandrel D, which
carries on its end a head K, which terminates in a joint; the upper portion is
formed with an inclined plane. If the said maudrel D is moved back by the head K
by means of a set-screw J, through a movement of a lever h provided for the
purpose, the upper surface of the head K slides downward against a small roller r,
and lifts the glass article upward. This lever h works on a pin E, which is supported
on both sides in bearings. There is another lever L which is pulled down by a
weight. By this movement the mandrel D is pressed forward, and the bottom of
the glass article is thus pressed against the emery stone.
The turning of the glass during the pressure is effected by a small toothed
wheel z¹, which is worked by a pulley 8; and gears into a small wheel z on the
mandrel D.
When the weighted lever has reached its lowest position the bottom of the glass will
have been ground completely, then the glass article has to be raised again so that it
may be moved away from the emery disc and brought into its elevated position.
For this purpose the following simple arrangement is provided, that is to say :-On
a handle, which is keyed to the pin E, hangs a connecting link, which has at its
other end a lever H. The rod A has at p a fixed fulcrum, and on its free end a
a piston P, which is held by a spring f, but has, when the latter is raised, a tendency
to press against a cylinder C, which revolves slowly on guide-rollers; this cylinder C
receives its rotary motion from the wheel s¹, which is connected with a gear-wheel M.
When the weighted lever L has reached its lowest position the piston P has also
reached its lowest position, while the spring is supported by a keeper a, so that the
piston P can press against the cylinder C. The latter is provided with a number of
inclined apertures or slits, and when one of these apertures comes in front of the
piston P the latter flies forward, slides upward in the aperture, and elevates the
weighted lever L. When the piston P arrives at the top of the aperture it is
pressed in again by an inclined tooth or piece which is situated in proper position
for the purpose, so that it will again be held by the spring f.
In order to cause the weighted lever L to remain elevated until a new glass
article has been inserted hooks n are provided, which fall over a pin t while the
lever L is being raised, that is to say, while the pin E turns, and thus at the
same time the glass article is prevented from being lowered and from moving
forward.
When the glass article is fixed the workman has only to press a spring g, which
causes the lever to descend, whereby the glass is also lowered, and is moved
horizontally against the stone where it is ground while revolving. By means of
the small hand-wheel N the depth of the cut can be regulated. By means of the
screw B the poppet R can be made to advance or recede in order to alter the support
of the mandrel D to compensate for any wearing away of the emery-wheel. The
cylinder C answers for all the six glasses which I place around the stone or emery
wheel.
It takes one minute to grind the bottom of a glass article, and all of the articles
in the machine are ground within the same time, therefore one workman can by
one action per minute grind six bottoms, and in one working day of ten hours
3,600 bottoms, while by manual labour he is only able with the greatest exertion
to grind from 80 to 100.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
-
First. A machine for grinding hollow glass-ware, constructed substantially as

page_text: described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawing, and operating as
above set forth.
Second. In a machine for grinding hollow glass ware, the mechanism for
regulating the position of the glass against the stone, consisting of the traversing
slide or rest U, the slide V, the slides P and O, the small wheel and the spindle b,
constructed and operating substantially as specified.
Third. The mechanism for moving the glass to and from the stone at regular
intervals in grinding according to time, consisting of the shaft w with the ratchet-
wheel y, the pulley v, the stop d', the fork g, the pawl l, and other parts in
combination with the bush h¹, the cam d, the projection t, the bolt
and the ring,
constructed and operating substantially as specified.
C,
Fourth. The mechanism for regulating the depth of the cut by moving the glass
to and from the stone when grinding, consisting essentially of the cam d on the
bush h, the projections t and n on the bush H and the bolt, substantially as
described.
Fifth. The mechanism for bringing the ratchet-wheel y back into its zero-position,
consisting essentially of a hollow chamfer on the bush ³, the fork g, the sliding
triangle h, and the pawl 7, the weight P, and the pin x, in connection with the stop
on the sliding triangle h, substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The changing-gear for turning the glass at each separate flute, consisting
essentially of the rod pin connection with the slide V and the slide P, a sliding
block with a vertical screw, and a sliding block with a horizontal-screw b in
combination with a bent lever h and pawl L, the change-wheel 8, and the stop n,
substantially as set forth.
Seventh. The mechanism for stopping the lever H after the completion of each
glass, and the arrangement for then bringing the numbered wheel z back into its
original position, consisting essentially of a pawl o fixed on the lever H, the pawl
geared with the said numbered wheel z and the weight P, substantially as described
with reference to Figures 7, 8, and 9 of the Drawings.
Eighth. The construction of the devices for grinding vertical flutes of different
shapes with the necessary altoration in the arrangement for fixing them, bringing
theim to, and taking them from the stone and turning the glasses, all substantially
as described with reference to Figures 4, 5, 6 of the Drawings.
Ninth. The chuck shewn in Figures 10, 11, and 12, specially applicable for
glasses that are smallest in diameter at the top, substantially as set forth.
Tenth. A grinding machine which will also serve as a marking-machine for edge-
grinding, in which the glass is held against the side of the stone or the marking
disc, constructed substantially as described with reference to Figures 14, 15, and 16
of the accompanying Drawings.
Eleventh. The arrangement for giving the glass a to and fro motion on the stone,
consisting essentially of the oblique grooved roller or drum e in combination with a
projection on the shaft a, which is caused to oscillate and impart the required
motion to the slide P and the supports or brackets A, A¹, substantially as described
with reference to Figures 14, 15, 16 of the Drawings.
Twelfth. The special machine for grinding facets, constructed and operating
substantially as described with reference to Figures 17, 18, and 19 of the
Drawings.
Thirteenth. The movement of the glass parallel to the grinding face by means
of the lever connected with the rest U and an excentric e, substantially as described
with reference to Figures 17, 18, and 19 of the Drawings.
Fourteenth. The mechanism for laying on and taking off the glasses, consisting
essentially of the tappet d on an arm of the spur wheel r, which engages with an
elongation or continuation of the lever H, whereby the said lever is lifted and at
the same time the glass is moved away from the stone by the small lever, the
arm K, and the rest or bottom plate U, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 17, 18, and 19 of the Drawings.
Fifteenth. The means for chucking the glass without shifting the arms A on the

page_text: slides, consisting of the screw and hand wheel, the bush P, and the catch or
bolt q, substantially as described with reference to Figures 17, 18, and 19 of the
Drawings.
Sixteenth. The arrangement of the rest bottom part U adjustable on the pin or
pivot Z, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
Seventeenth. The arrangement by which the glass is allowed to turn freely with
the arms or brackets A around a screw or bolt M as its centre, and thereby places its
side-face parallel to the face of the grinding tool, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
Eighteenth. The machine for grinding the bottoms of hollow glass-ware,
constructed substantially as described with reference to Figures 20, 21, and 22 of
the Drawings, and operating as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Frederick Lotz, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
WILLIAM FREDERICK LOTZ. (L.S.)