Improvements in the Manufacture of Bowls or Rollers Used in Calendering Machines.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 6th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 8th Nov., 1887
PROVISIONAL DI MUIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Bowls or Rollers Used in
Calendering Machines.
1 EDWARD PLATT of Hadfield in the County of Derby Cotton Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of that class of calendering bowls or
rollers which are made of cotton or other fibrous substance compressed into a solid
mass by means of hydraulic machinery and then turned and polished.
The object of my invention is to make such bowls perfectly homogeneous and so
that the ends of the cotton or other fibre are every where presented towards the
surface of the finished roller.
To effect this object I open and card the cotton or other fibrous material in the
ordinary way of preparing fibrous substances for spinning so as to obtain the same in
the form of a sliver" and I deliver this "sliver" into a revolving can or receptacle
by means of a machine known in the trade as a "coiler" which delivers the "sliver "
of cotton or other fibrous material is a series of rings arranged so as to slightly
overlap each other in a continuous spiral or helical form.
The case or receptacle is provided with a shaft or pillar in the centre so that when
the coil is finished the can or receptacle is filled in quite solid without any hole in the
centre.
The can or receptacle with the helical coil of cotton or other fibrous material is
then taken to a press and the coil is compressed into the form of a wad and when
removed from the can or receptacle it has a hole through the centre corresponding
with the shaft or pillar and is compressed to stand handling and carriage without
losing its solid form.
The bowl or roller is then built up on the axle by threading on a sufficient number
of these wads in the usual manner and when compressed by hydraulic machinery

page_text: to the desired state of solidity it is turned and polished like an ordinary calendering
roller.
By this method of coiling the cotton or other fibrous material into continuous
spiral or helical coils instead of packing it together haphazard by hand as usually
practised, when the roller is subsequently turned the outer circumference of each ring
or coil is thereby removed and the ends of the fibres are presented towards the
surface, the roller is perfectly homogeneous throughout and will be found to be
more desirable and suitable for calendering purposes than those made by the usual
process.
D: 1 1
T
1007
GEORGE DAVIES,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Bowls or Rollers Used in
Calendering Machines.
I EDWARD PLATT of Hadfield in the County of Derby Cotton Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of that class of calendering bowls or
rollers which are made of cotton or other fibrous substance compressed into a solid
mass by means of hydraulic machinery and then turned and polished.
The objects of the invention are to obtain perfect homogeneousness in the fibrous
portion of the bowl, coupled with elasticity, and to lay all the fibres in such a way
that their ends are always presented towards the surface of the finished roller.
23
To effect these objects I open and card the cotton or other fibrous material in the
ordinary way of preparing fibrous substances for spinning so as to obtain the same in
the form of a "sliver" and I deliver this "sliver "into a revolving can or receptacle
having a central mandrel the size of the arbor of the bowl, by means of a modification
of the machine known in the trade as a "coiler" which delivers the "sliver of
cotton or other fibrous material in a series of rings or spiral coils arranged so as to
slightly overlap each other as shown by the diagram Fig. 1. of the drawings hereunto
annexed, building up the coil to a diameter exceeding the finished size of the bowl by
rather more than twice the diameter of the "sliver."
Upon an examination of the diagram Fig. 1. it will be evident that if the coil of
sliver were always to be at a constant thickness the density of the coil would be
greater at the centre, and that its density would gradually decrease towards the outer
circumference where the coils do not overlie each other so closely as they do at the
inner part of the coil: and from this it would result that the outer part of the bowl
when finished would be less dense than the inner part.
In order therefore to secure a perfect homogeneousness throughout the whole mass
I modify the gearing of one pair of the "sliver" delivering rollers in such a way as
to give them a differential motion which gradually increases their speed so as to draw
the sliver out thinner as they lay that part of the coil nearest the central mandrel,
and decreases, the same as they approach the outer periphery of the bowl, so that the
density of the "sliver" is the same throughout.
The construction and action of this modified "coiler" will be readily understood
on reference to Fig. 2 of the annexed drawings which is a partial sectional elevation
of the same, a, a being the upper part of the revolving can, b, b the hollow mandrel
and c, e the coiler plate which carries the delivery apparatus.
The cotton or other fibrous material in the form of a "sliver" passes from the
carding engine through the eye of the spur wheel d, d thence through the guide e, e to
the calenders or delivering rollers f,f and fx,fx, and finally through the funnel 9.9 in
the coiler plate c, c (which is rotated by the spur wheel h, h) into the can b, The

page_text: spur wheel d, d is a fixed or "dead" wheel and is placed excentric to the axis of the
coiler plate (as shown by the plan view Fig. 3).
Between the two pairs of calenders or delivery rollers f, and fx,fx is an alter-
nating differential draft so arranged as to reduce the thickness of the sliver next to
the mandrel b, b to any desired extent.
This differential draft is obtained in the following manner. The calenders ƒ and fx,
are secured to the coiler plate c, c and are carried round with it.
The bottom pair or delivery rollers f*,*, are driven by the wheel i, i which runs
round the lower "dead" wheel, kat a uniform speed, the latter being fixed on the
coiler plate casing 1, 1-The speed of the delivery of the "sliver is therefore
constant.
The top pair fare driven by a wheel m m (attached to a spring sliding bar n, n,)
running round the upper "dead" wheel d, d (which as before stated is excentric to
the axis of the coiler plate) and by these means a fluctuating or differential speed is
given to them through the wheels 0, 01
The wheel m, m is held in gear with the excentric "dead" wheel d, d by the
spring p, p, and the wheel o' is held in gear with the wheel o by the fork attached
to the sliding bar n, n. The wheel o' slides on a feather key sliding in a bed or groove
in the axle of the calender shaft r, r. The cam a, a is rotated in the ordinary
manner.
When the coil of cotton or other fibrous substance has thus been continuously laid
until the can is sufficiently full, the latter with the coil in it is then taken to a press
and the coil is compressed into the form of a wad and when removed from the can or
receptacle it has a hole through the centre corresponding with the hollow mandrel or
pillar b, bas seen at Fig. 1. and is sufficiently compressed to allow of handling and
carriage without losing its solid form.
The bowl or roller is then built up on the axle by threading on a sufficient number
of these wads in the usual manner and when compressed by hydraulic machinery to
the desired state of solidity it is turned and polished like an ordinary calendering
roller.
By the above described method of coiling the cotton or fibrous material into con-
tinuous spiral or helical coils (instead of packing it together hap hazard by hand as
usually practised) when the bowl or roller subsequently turned the outer circum-
ference of each ring or coil is thereby removed as shown by the dotted circle in Fig. 1.
and the ends of the fibres are presented towards the surface; the bowl is perfectly
homogeneous throughout, and will be found to be more durable and suitable for
calendering purposes than those made by the usual process.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
The manufacture of bowls or rollers used in calendering machines from slivers of
cotton or other fibrous substances by forming the same into a continuous spiral or
helical coil and then compressing the same into the form of a perforated wad
substantially in the manner hereinbefore particularly described and illustrated by the
drawings annexed.
Dabad thin the law of natahan 1007