IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH RECIPROCATING PISTONS FOR FLUID-PRESSURE ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex for an
invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH RECIPROCATING PISTONS
FOR FLUID-PRESSURE ENGINES AND PUMPS A communication from abroad by
Doctor M. V. Schiltz, of Cologne, Germany
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of Kensington, Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH RECIPROCATING PISTONS FOR FLUID PRESSURE ENGINES AND
PUMPS a communication from abroad by Doctor M. V. Schiltz, of Cologne
Germany.
In horizontal cylinders of fluid pressure engines and pumps with pistons moving
to and fro, a considerable wearing away of the cylinder and piston takes place at
the lower side on account of the great weight of the piston and rod. The same
unequal wearing away will be observed in vertical engines in consequence of the
unequal temper of metals on different sides so that especially with accelerated
speed, a considerable loss of power is unavoidable and therefore a frequent boring
of the Cylinder and renewal of the piston rings will be necessary-In order to
obtain a more perfectly equal and round wearing away in reciprocating pumps of
every kind and in order to effect an even and close fit of the piston, a slight
rotation of the piston during an up down stroke, may be produced by the following
arrangement-The piston rod is connected with the piston in the usual manner, the
piston rings cannot rotate round the piston, but the other end of the piston-rod
allows a rotation in a box of the cross head. The rotation of the piston and rod is
produced (1) by a spiral spring acting like a watch-spring, which is fastened with
its inner end to the piston rod, and with its outer end to (2) a spring-box shaped
like a hollow disk or wheel which spring-box is adapted to rotate on the piston
rod. The spring will be wound up by turning the spring box round the piston
rod-In order to prevent the spring when wound up from rolling back again (3) a
hook or pawl fastened to the cross-head of the piston rod may check the backward
.

page_text: movement of the spring and spring-box by falling into the toothed periphery of
the spring box-In order to produce a slight rotation or turning of the said spring
box (4) a lever or pin with a spring is placed at some fixed point of the
immovable parts, say on the cylinder itself or on the piston rod guide in such a
manner that this lever or pin may by its inclined position or its oblique shape give
a turning push to the spring box whenever this approaches it, by which turning of
the box its spring will produce a rotary tendency of of the piston and piston rod-
In order to describe the invention more clearly by reference will now be had to the
accompanying drawings in which like objects are marked by like letters and in
which the scale of Figures 3 to 7 is treble that of Figures 1 and 2-The spiral
springs shewn in Figures 3 and 4 is fastened at its inner end to the piston rod a
in a suitable manner; a solid ring u as shewn in figures 6 and 7, may either be
soldered on, screwed into or welded together with the rod. This ring u has a
levelled groove cut in its circumference, the smaller side of this groove opening
into the circumference and its top pointing towards the piston so that the said
groove may receive the symmetrically shaped inner end of the spiral spring 8
which is then fastened to the ring of the rod a. In the same way or in a
suitable manner the springs is by its outward end joined with the circumference
or periphery of the spring-box e by which arrangement all parts are securely and
tightly connected with one another, so that any displacement is impossible when
these parts are closed and held by the cross-head as shown in Figures 1 and 2-
The spiral spring must be of such a strength as is required for rotating the piston
and piston rod and may have one or several windings-The form and shape of the
springs may be replaced by any other suitable form or shape.
The spring box e by which the spring 8 is received into its hollow, bears on the
side turned towards the cross-head a set of teeth on which act the check hook c
mentioned under (3) and the pushing lever or pin i mentioned under (4) the
former continuously preventing the backwood rotation of the spring box, the latter
by pushing and turning the spring box whenever it approaches the end of the
piston-stroke-The circular row of teeth may be replaced by a bevel wheel or
another form of toothed wheel or an oblique shape of teeth. To save space, the
spring-box may have the shape of a plate or disc of the same diameter―The
button m, shown in figures 6 and 8, in which the piston rod ends may be fastened
to the rod of the screw and then prevented from unrolling by a pin shown in
Figure 8-but which will be superfluous if the winding of the screw is opposite to
the rotation of the piston. The conical shape of the button m in both directions,
permits of an easy correction of the wearing away by approaching the two halves
of which the cross-head is composed-These halves are fastened to each other by a
transverse bolt o of the connecting rod band suitable bolts. v. as shewn in figures
6 and 7 or by a conical ring enclosing the halves like the hoops of a tub-The
check hook c shewn in figure 7 fastened to the cross-head, together with the hook
or lever shown in Figures 1 and 2 fastened to the end of the guide or slide bar w,
will effect a slight turn of the spring box e and increase the tension of the spiral
springs s and so produce the piston's rotation during every up and down stroke-
The movable pushing hook i may be replaced by an inclined plane, for instance, 4
by a projection fastened at the side of the guide bar w so that an inclined plane
of the fixed pushing hook works on inclined teeth of the spring box at every
approach of the latter-A device to render the piston rod rotatable in the cross
head dispensing with self acting rotation apparatus, can be made to produce the
same effect by displacing or turning the piston rod in the cross-head not during the 5
working of the engine but at long intervals say once every day during the
inactivity, then the button m may be replaced by a screw and the cross-bead may
be made of one piece-This will be readily understood without illustration by
drawings The herein before desribed rotation of the piston is also applicable in
pumps in which the tightness of the piston is produced by suitable materials other 5
than metals Having thus fully described the invention, what is desired to secure
by Letters Patent is-First-A device to produce a slight and irregular rotation of

page_text: the piston in a cylinder during every up and down stroke of a steam engine, gas or
other motive power engine or of a pump in order to obtain an equitable and round
wearing away, substantially as described-Second-A device as shewn in figures 1
to 7 consisting of (1) the spiral spring box on disk e which is jointed to the piston
rod by (2) a spiral springs and turned by (3) a pushing hook or pin i the
backward rolling of the spring box e being prevented by (4) the check hook c in
combination with a piston and piston rod capable of turning in the cross head,
substantially as described and for the purpose set forth-Third-A device to
produce a slight and irregular rotation of the piston of fluid pressure engines and
pumps not during its working but by turning and displacing the piston rod in the
cross head and dispensing with a self acting rotating apparatus, substantially as
described-Fourth-The double conical shape of the button m shewn in Figures
4. 6 and 8 permitting of an easy correction of the wearing away and flapping by
approaching the two halves of which the cross-head is composed.
In witness whereof I the said Herbert John Haddan have hereunto set my
hand and seal this thirtieth day of August One thousand eight hundred and
eighty-two.
H. J. HADDAN. (LS.)