matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETIC ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Baker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 9th -Mareh
1866.
J, Lieut.-Colonel JAMES BAKER; of the Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETIC ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in magnetic engines. I
employ a wheel of auy diameter, and electro-magnets are fixed: transversely
upon it at distances from each other and rotate with the wheel; also a fixed
electro-magnet is arranged so that the pole will be as near as possible to the
poles of the moveable electro-magnets when rotating without touching them
The helices upon the soft iron of the electro-magnets are to be so. placed that
when the current is circulating similar poles, will be opposite to each other in
the fixed and moveable electro-magnets.. There may be as many fixed electro-
magnets. as may be thought necessary. At a short distance from each fixed.
electro-magnet a powerful permanent magnet is to be placed,, so that when
the electric current is passing through the rotating electro-magnets, opposite.
poles will be as near as possible in contact without actually touching. Each
rotating electro-magnet is provided with a small arm, which grazes over an
insulated metal channel at the instant the said magnet is exactly opposite the
fixed electro-magnet, and leaves the channel when it is exactly opposite the
permanent magnet; to these channels the electric wires are attached, and by
these means the current of electricity is passed through the helices of the

page_text: successive rotating electro-magnets as they come exactly opposite the fixed
electro-magnets. The action of the machine is then as follows:-The moment
the current is allowed to pass the fixed electro-magnet will attract in succession
the soft iron cores until they are opposite, but at that moment the current will
pass through each successive helix, magnetise the iron core, oppose similar
poles to each other on the electro-magnets and opposite poles on the rotating
electro and fixed permanent magnet, and as a consequence the former pair
will repel each other, and the latter attract each other until exactly opposite,
at that moment the current will be broken in the rotating electro-magnet, and
the reactionary current will for a moment reverse the poles of the latter and
give it an impulse from the permanent fixed magnet, and so on in succession.
It is preferred that the electric current should be supplied by thermo-electric
batteries. The thermo-magnetic engine can then be used either independently
or in connection with a steam ongine at a great saving of fuel. The ends of
the metal bars of the thermo-electric batteries being heated by the waste heat
from the boiler and furnace.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE TO FIT IT FOR MAKING. EFFERVESCING DRINKS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oliver Weldon Jeyes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1866.
I, OLIVER WELDON JEYES, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for. "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE TO FIT IT FOR MAKING. EFFERVESCING DRINKS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of ice from water or other
suitable liquid impregnated with carbonic acid gas.. I partly fill a vessel with.
the water, into which I force carbonic acid gas;. I then hermetically seal the
vessel, freeze the contents into a solid state, open the vessel and remove the
ice, which may be employed in more or less large blocks in drinks to be made
effervescing.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BREAD PLATES OR DISHES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thompson and Benjamin
Grayson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st March 1866.
We, JOSEPH THOMPSON and BENJAMIN GRAYSON, both of Sheffield, in the
County of York, carrying on business at Sheffield, aforesaid, under the Style
or Firm of Roger Broadhead and Company, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BREAD PLATES OR DISHES," to bo
as follows:
Bread plates or dishes have hitherto been made from one piece of wood, the
central part of which has been smooth, plain, or carved, while the outer portion
or rim has been carved with any desired ornamental device. These platos are
costly, owing to the expense of the carving, besides the central part becomes.
worn and soiled with use, and the whole plate is thereby deteriorated.
Now our Invention consists in constructing bread plates or dishes with tho
central portion of wood and in a separate piece from the rim, which is of metal,
porcelain, papier maché, gutta percha, or other suitable material, and has
any desired device formed thereon by pressing, casting, or otherwise. We do.
not limit ourselves to any particular method of securing the rim to the central
portion, but the following is the method we prefer:-Near the periphery and
on the upper side of the wood we make a circular cut to receive a small
flange depending from the inner periphery of the metal or other rim, outsido
the flange is a deeper flange which fits over the periphery of the wood, and
screws or pins may be passed through this flange to secure it to the wood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September
1866.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of No. 10, Park Street, Westminster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY
OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in making and applying suitable supports to tho
sides of railway rails whereby less of an expensive metal can be used and the
necessary strength gained by these supports, which are bolted to the rails at
any required distance to prevent buckling; these supports are made to fit
the sides of the rails and break joint with the rail, thus superceding fishing;
also in perforating or cutting out of the web of the rail pieces of metal so as
to lighten it and still have sufficient strength to carry the loads; also in making
and applying stays or guage bars to hold the road to guage; these bars aro
fixed to either the rails or chairs.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1866. A communication from abroad by Mr. Ferdinand Küp, of
Frankfort-on-the-Main.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," that it has been communicated to me from
abroad by Mr. Ferdinand Küp, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, to be as follows:-
The object of these improvements in gas burners is to offer a ready means
for regulating the illuminating effect of either bat's-wing, fish-tail, argand,
or other similar gas burners by regulating exactly the quantity of atmospheric
air to be admitted to the gas flame. For this purpose the burner is provided
on the outside with a moveable jacket, socket, casing, or cap having one or
more openings through which either the gas flame or the entire top or part of
the top of the burner may be caused to protrude, provision being made for
allowing the setting of the said jacket, socket, tube, casing, or cap at any
required height, and thus allow more or less air to be admitted to the flame,
and thereby regulate the intensity of this latter, and according to the nature
of the gas and the amount of pressure; by preference a male screw thread is
cut in the outside of the burner, which screw enters into a corresponding
female screw thread provided in the inside of the jacket, socket, tube, casing,
or cap or this latter may be arranged in such manner as to allow of its
gliding gently over the smooth outer surface of the burner; or, in fact, any

page_text: other suitable mechanical arrangement may be resorted to that allows of
regulating at will the position of the opening or openings of the jacket,
socket, tube, casing, or cap in respect to that of the slit or slits, hole or holes,
or other opening of the burner through which the gas takes its exit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Southwell,
Frederick Southwell, and Edwin Southwell at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th May 1866.
We, WILLIAM HENRY SOUTHWELL, FREDERICK SOUTHWELL, and EDWIN
SOUTHWELL, all of Baker Street, in the County of Middlesex, Photographers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PRODUCTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the production of pictures in which the aid of
lithography is introduced for the purpose of heightening the effect of photo-
graphs, and is carried out as follows:-The photographs are obtained in the
usual manner, and the prints obtained therefrom also in the usual way.
The lithographic stone intended to be employed in printing is then prepared
by the erasing from it or lowering that part of the surface where the photo-
graph is intended to appear, the lithographic printing then takes place, and
the result is that the ground or other portions of the entire picture may be
of any desired tint or shade.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RACK PULLIES FOR ROLLER BLINDS FOR WINDOWS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parsons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1866.
I, WILLIAM PARSONS, of Toronto Terrace, Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RACK PULLIES FOR ROLLER BLINDS FOR WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to rack pullies of the ordinary construction, in
which a spring takes into the teeth of a rack; and, secondly, to a mechanical
arrangement designed as a substitute for and to serve the purpose of a rack
pulley, but formed without a rack.
The following are examples of the means by which this Invention may be
carried into practical effect:-First, as regards the construction of pullies with
racks and springs, the improvement consists in so making the piece of metal
to which the grooved roller is attached that the back and top part thereof shall
take into the teeth of the rack, which may be of the ordinary kind, and to tho
bottom part of such roller piece I propose to affix a spring with its point
downwards and pressing against the teeth of the rack, the use of this spring
being to keep the top part of the aforesaid roller piece closely pressed into
the teeth of the rack. By these means the strain is thrown on the roller
piece instead of upon the spring as heretofore; at the same time by pulling
the said roller piece outwards the roller may be slidden upwards without
requiring to be first removed from the rack piece, as is now the case. And
as regards the construction of rack pullies without racks, as referred to under

page_text: the second head of these improvements, the following is an example of the
construction thereof :-I form a plain piece of metal, glass, porcelain, or other
material without a rack, and upon this I place a sliding piece of any suitable.
material, so formed as to carry by its outer end an ordinary roller for the cord
of the blind to pass over. Upon moving the said sliding piece downwards,
supposing the rack pulley as it is termed to be fixed to a window frame,
immediately that the cord is pulled tight the effect will be to cause the slide
to bind upon the piece on which it slides at opposite points, that is to say, by
the top edge of one side and the bottom edge of the opposite side, by which
the pulley will be firmly held without the aid of a rack or other similar
mechanical arrangement. By relieving the strain of the cord on the pulley
the slide may be readily moved upwards.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AGGLOMERATING PEAT BY WHICH IT IS RENDERED SUITABLE FOR USE AS FUEL IN THE FURNACES OF MANUFACTORIES AND IN OTHER FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1866.-A communication from abroad by Edmund Sharpe,
of Paris, in the Empire, of France, Civil Engineer.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 23, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AGGLOMERATING PEAT BY WHICH IT IS RENDERED
SUITABLE FOR USE AS FUEL IN THE FURNACES OF MANUFACTORIES AND IN OTHER
FIRE-PLACES," (a communication to me from abroad by Edmund Sharpe, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer,) to be as follows:-
The agglomerates, the subject of this Invention, are composed in major
part of peat in its natural state mixed with anthracite and smiths' coal, the
proportions of these two latter varying with the nature of the peats used.
The proportion of anthracite may further vary according to its degre of
combustibleness.
To obtain a good agglomeration these matters must be first submitted to a
thorough washing, after which operation they are crushed, ground, and mixed
together in a sort of mill in the following manner :-The matters are brought
separately and in suitable proportions by three endless chains with buckets
into a hopper, at the bottom of which a nut or cone striated or channelled
vertically first reduces them into fragments which fall between the grinding
stones, from which they issue in the shape of dust. This dust in falling into

page_text: the multure chest or trough is spread and mixed by small blades carried by
arms fixed on and actuated by the shaft carrying the running stone. The
matters then pass by the mill scuttle into a pit and are conducted by a chain
with buckets into an agglomerating machine with mixer, such as the
"mazeline," the "borard," or other machine. As the matters arrive in this
mixer a tap furnishes regularly the cement necessary to the agglomeration,
which cement is dry pitch or pitch and coal tar rendered liquid and mixed.
The agglomerates thus manufactured may be used as they issue from the
machine.
The proportions of the several components will usually be peat 55 per cent.,
anthracite 20 per cent., smiths' coal 15 per cent., and dry pitch or liquid
tar 10 per cent., but I do not bind myself absolutely thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Erskine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th November
. 1866.
I, JAMES ERSKINE, of Wigtown, in the County of Wigtown, in Scotland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in utilising the force of the steam expended on the
bottom and top of the cylinder during the up-and-down strokes of the piston.
To effect this I construct the steam cylinder so that it slides and has a similar
motion to the piston, but in a reverse direction; I'mount the cylinder on a
sliding bed, or in suitable guides or bearings, so that it can travel easily; I
connect the cylinder with one crank and the piston with another, the throw
of each crank being half the length that it would be in the ordinary way.
The shafts connected with each crank revolve in different directions, the two
cranks being each on the opposite dead centres at the same time. The crank
shafts may be connected together in any suitable way by toothed wheels, and
the two motions thereby brought into one, or they may have two cranks with
a connecting rod. The steam and exhaust pipes are made telescopic with
stuffing boxes, and the travel of the cylinder works the slide valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MATERIAL USED FOR BEDS OF HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1866.
Ì, THOMAS HENDERSON, of Millbank Row, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, Corn Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MATERIAL USED FOR BEDS OF HORSES AND OTHER
ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvement is in the application of an economical, clean,
and wholesome bed in the shape of an elastic mat or stable mattress, consist-
ing of linoleum, kamptulicon, india-rubber, cork, or other elastic substance,
to be laid down of sufficient thickness and elasticity to supercede the use of
straw.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LAMPS SUBJECT TO THE EXPOSURE OF HIGH WINDS AND UNCERTAIN DRAUGHTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wavish at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1866.
I, JAMES WAVISH, of Torpoint, in the County of Cornwall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS
LAMPS SUBJECT TO THE EXPOSURE OF HIGH WINDS AND UNCERTAIN DRAUGHTS," to
be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in the adaptation and application to gas lamps of a
cap to be used in connection with a chimney described in the Specification of
a Patent granted to me on the 7th of May 1864, No. 1158, as being appli-
cable for the combustion of volatile oils, by which means I am enabled to
ensure steady and complete combustion of the gas without any liability of the
flame being extinguished by the extent of wind, current, or draught, or even
to flicker or be slightly affected by it.
In connection with this cap, as in my former Patent before referred to, I
purpose admitting the air for supporting combustion of the gas from the top
of the lamp.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMPS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert James Worth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1866.
I, ROBERT JAMES WORTH, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING STEAM PUMPS," to be as follows:-
In constructing a steam pump according to this Invention I place the pump
or water cylinder in a straight line with the steam cylinder, and a little
distance apart. The pistons for the steam and water cylinders are fastened
to the same rod, and act as in an ordinary double-acting steam cylinder and
pump. Cast with or otherwise fastened to the steam cylinder is a circular
valve chest in which works a piston valve; the faces of this valve are a little
longer than the ports. Cast with or otherwise fastened to the pump is
another circular valve chest in which works a piston valve similar to the one
employed in the steam cylinder, but in the pump the ports are broader than
in the steam cylinder, and the faces of the valve are shorter than the ports, so
that the water is not so much shut in the pump when the valve is passing the
ports as to cause a disagreeable jar. By preference these valve chests are in
the same straight line, and both the valves fastened to the same rod, which is
moved backwards and forwards by machinery connected with the piston rod
or either or beth of the pistons.

page_text: What I claim as my Invention is, the combination of a piston valve for the
steam cylinder with a piston valve for the pump, and both worked by
machinery, which valve will not choak up with dirt so easily as an ordinary
clack.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN METALLIC MIRRORS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,left by John William Hoffman and
George Rowe Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th August 1866.
We, JOHN WILLIAM HOFFMAN, Gentleman, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, and GEORGE ROWE WILSON, India-rubber Manufacturer, of the
same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN METALLIC MIRRORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improvement in metallic mirrors by obtaining
flexibility in flat surfaces of steel or other metals by the use of sheets rolled
to a fine thinness, highly tempered and polished, thus being rendered pliable
to be bent by the hand or other mechanical contrivances at will into
convex or concave forms, and recovering their flatness also at will, thereby
producing changes of images ludicrous or otherwise in that form and outline
reflected in them. These mirrors may be used without or with coverings in
part of india-rubber or other flexible material to facilitate the handling of
them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARKING BOARDS FOR BILLIARDS, POOL, BAGATELLE, AND OTHER SUCH GAMES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Burroughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1866.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BURROUGHES, of the Firm of Burroughes and Watts,
of Soho Square, in the County of Middlesex, Billiard Table Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN MARKING
BOARDS FOR BILLIARDS, POOL, BAGATELLE, AND OTHER SUCH GAMES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in marking boards used to
indicate the scores in the games of billiards, pool, bagatelle, or other similar
games, the object being to render the indication of such scores plainly visible
from a distance. I propose to form the numbered divisions or scales of
ground glass or tinted glass in lieu of wood, as they ordinarily are made, and
to place behind the series of scales a gas or other lamp or light so as to
illuminate the scales. The face of the board therefore consists of wood to
receive the sliding pointers, and of glass, over which the ends of the pointers
extend, thus shewing clearly the number indicated on the glass scale, the top
row of numbers shew the units and the second row the tens or twenties in
the usual manner. Below these scales I apply behind the face or woodwork
of the board two glass discs or circular plates having the numbers in hundreds

page_text: up to nine hundred or a thousand radiating from their centres, these are
placed side by side, and being set on pivots may be turned by a small milled
edged button or handle as required in order to bring the hundreds in line
with an opening or space in the board, whereby the number on the glass
disc becomes visible by its illumination. The marker may consist of a case
or box with arrangements for the reception of a lamp or flexible gas tube,
so as to render the marking board a conveniently portable article.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES AND GOVERNORS OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Samuel Hindley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th.
November 1866.
I, EDMUND SAMUEL HINDLEY, of Bourton, in the County of Dorset, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SLIDE VALVES AND GOVERNORS OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the regulation by means of stops of the
travel of expansion valves over the back of the slide valves to which they are
applied, and the connection of such stops with the governor of the engine, in
order to effect the required changes in the positions of the stops, for the
purpose of regulating the period or periods of cutting off the steam or other
impelling fluid or gas as may be required.
And my Invention consists, in the first place, in dispensing with an excentric
on the crank shaft or other equivalent means of separately driving the
expansion valve, and merely placing this valve on the back of the ordinary
slide valve, and allowing it to travel with the latter except when it is arrested
by coming in contact with a stop or stops so placed in connection with the
valve box or other fixed part of the engine that the expansion valve may be
brought against such stop or stops at any required period of the motion of the
slidé valve, for the purpose of changing the position of the expansion valve on
the back of the slide valve and thereby cutting off the supply of steam or other
fluid or gas as may be required.

page_text: My Invention consists, in the second place, in varying the position of the
stop or stops, so that the expansion valve may be brought in contact with it
or them earlier or later relatively to the termination of the travel of the ordinary
slide valve, thereby causing the steam or other fluid or gas to be cut off earlier
or later in the stroke of the piston, and hence a greater or less degree of
expansion to be obtained.
And my Invention consists, in the third place, in connecting the said stop
or stops with the governor of the engine by suitable mechanism in order that
the governor may be thereby caused to act on the stop or stops, and vary its
or their position as may be required in order to cut off the steam or other
fluid or gas at an earlier or later period in the stroke of the piston, according
as the speed of the engine requires to be retarded or accelerated. The
required change of position of the stop or stops may be effected otherwise
than by means of the governor. A stop in the form of a wedge may be used
for the purpose, and the earlier or later cutting off of the steam or other fluid
or gas may be produced by causing the larger or smaller part of the wedge to
form the limit to the movement of the expansion valve. But the mechanism
for this purpose may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Kurz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
June 1866.
on the 12th
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM KURZ, of Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Goldsmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS," to be as
follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to locks intended to be used for
securing the doors of safes and strong rooms, and especially such doors as
I have described in the Specification accompanying a Petition filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office this day for Letters Patent for an Invention of
"Improvements in the Construction of Doors for Closing. Safes or Strong
Rooms."
The lock consists principally of two strong bolts connected together by a
bar running at right angles thereto, the whole sliding together and actuated
by a toothed pinion working into a toothed rack securely fixed to, the middle
of the said bar. The spindle which carries the pinion is also provided with
a disc having a notch or projection formed thereon. Two or more tumblers
are provided which successively catch into or against the notch or projection,
and prevent the disc and spindle from turning till the tumblers are pressed
back by a projection from the bit of the key. The end of the spindle is
squared so that the pipe of the key (which is similarly formed) fits over it-and
turns the spindle whilst the bit of the key raises the tumblers. One turn of

page_text: the key will shoot the bolt, but by giving two or more turns, according to the
length of the rack, the bolts can be thrown a greater distance into the recesses
made to receive them, and thus a greater security will be afforded. The
lock is further secured by means of fixed wards, and by a revolving guard
(inside the keyhole) which turns with the key and closes the keyhole before
there is any action on the tumblers.
A modification of this lock, applicable to ordinary purposes, consists in sub-
stituting an excentric or other motion, which acts direct upon the bolt, in
place of the rack and pinion, the excentric acting also as the disc in the
previously described arrangement, and being prevented from turning by means
of a tumbler or tumblers, which must be raised by the bit of the key in
passing; the square-ended spindle for the excentric, together with the fixed
ward or wards and the revolving guard, being still retained.
LONDON:
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1866.
1
275 X
"
A
2
'
AN IMPROVED CLOD CRUSHER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac James at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 23rd May
1866.
I, ISAAC JAMES, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester, Agricultural
Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CLOD CRUSHER," to be as follows:-
This improved clod crusher consists of a series of wheels or narrow rollers
mounted on a horizontal shaft, the ends of which turn in suitable bearings
on a frame to which are attached a pair of shafts for drawing. Upon the
peripheries of these wheels or rollers at suitable intervals (say four and a half
inches asunder) are placed projecting round pointed cones in a diagonal
position, which cones when the roller is drawn over the ground crush and
pulverise the clods of earth without being liable to become clogged.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CHURNING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Morris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th June
1866.
I, ELLIS MORRIS, of Shevington Moor, near Wigan, in the County of
Lancaster, do liereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CHURNING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain arrangements of apparatus and mechanism
whereby the operation of churning can be performed with great facility and
economy of labour. The apparatus is used in connection with the ordinary
upright churn, any such churn being capable of being operated thereby.
A frame is constructed for the purpose of supporting the mechanism by which
the beater of the churn is actuated. The beater is attached to one end of a
lever which is centred upon a cross bar of the frame as a fulcrum, such lever
being actuated by a double crank arrangement driven by two treddles, which
are worked by the operator, for whom a seat is provided at the end of the
frame. The axis of the crank is furnished with a fly wheel, and the stroke of
the lever attached to the beater can be adjusted to any desired length by
altering the relative position of the fulcrum of the former and the distance of
the connecting rod from the axis of the crank. The apparatus is fixed to a
bed plate, to which any ordinary upright churn may be suitably secured and
actuated as before mentioned, and the bed plate being provided with wheels,
rollers, or castors, is readily moved from place to place as may be desired.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Henry Linnington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
June 1866.-A communication from abroad by Peter Dinzey, residing
at St. Bartholomew, West Indies.
I, ADOLPHUS HENRY LINNINGTON, of No. 58, Fenchurch Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in anchors. The shank of
the anchor is one straight piece for about one-half its length, and about mid-
way it divides into two parts, at first separating from each other obliquely a
little and then continuing at an uniform distance from each other, the distance
between these two parts or prongs of the forked shank being just sufficient to
allow the fluke to play between them. The ends of the shank so divided are
connected by a bolt upon which the fluke turns as upon a pivot moving
between the two parts of the shank about sixty degrees each way. The fluke
consists of a central rib passing down through the centre and having a blade
on either side thinner than the rib itself; the rib being thicker stands out from
the blade on both sides. The ends of the divided shank where the bolt
connects them have each an enlarged circular space round the bolt, and at a
little distance above and below the bolt two triangular-shaped bars, one above

page_text: and one below the bal, reach across between the shanks and stop the fluke
from moving beyond a certain angle from the shank, the fluke extending a
little beyond the bolt so as to rest on the bars. A stock passes through the
other extreme end of the shank at right angles with the course which the fluke
takes, the end of which is curved so that the stock may be brought down 5
against the shank.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH SIZING MACHINES OR TAPE LEGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1866.
I, SAMUEL BENNETT, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN CONNECTION WITH SIZING MACHINES OR TAPE LEGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in lubricating the peripheries of the steam cylinders
of sizing machines or tape legs for the purpose of preventing the yarns from
sticking to the cylinders, and maintaining the pliability of the yarns. I place
in contact with the cylinder to be lubricated a roller covered with flannel,
which roller is in contact with a roller revolving in a trough containing grease
or other lubricating matter. The said trough is in connection with a chamber
supplied with steam for keeping the lubricating matter in a fluid state, and as
the cylinder revolves it gives revolving motion to the roller in contact with it,
which roller in its turn gives motion to the roller in the grease trough so as to
enable it to give off grease to the roller in contact with the cylinder, and
thereby grease or lubricate the cylinder as required.
In some cases the roller in the grease trough has on its surface a spiral
projection for enabling less grease to be taken up than with a plain roller, and
when required there may be one or more intermediate rollers between the
roller in the trough and the roller on the cylinder.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR WRITING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Sullivan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1866.
I, HENRY SULLIVAN, of Number 108, Upper Dorset Street, Dublin, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT
FOR WRITING," to be as follows:-
It is a hollow pen handle, to which there is attached a nib or pen. The
ink is contained in the handle, and by opening a small valve or stopper (at
the pen) a small quantity of the ink flows from the handle to the point of the
pen, thus enabling a person to write without an ink bottle.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PARING, BURNISHING, POLISHING, OR OTHERWISE FINISHING ARTICLES MANUFACTURED OP LEATHER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Linford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March 1866.
I, CHARLES LINFORD, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
PARING, BURNISHING, POLISHING, OR OTHERWISE FINISHING ARTICLES MANUFACTURED
OP LEATHER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a cylinder or drum of wood, or iron, or other
suitable material made to revolve rapidly, or a block or board may be used
to which a rapidly reciprocating motion may be given in particular cases or
to suit particular work. On the periphery of this cylinder, or in the surface
of the block or board, I affix by screws or in grooves, or by other means,
sharp knives, files, burnishers, or such other articles as the nature of the work
to be done may require. An adjustable guide is also attached to guage the
depth to which the knives, files, burnishers, or other articles shall cut. For
the finishing or scraping of the bottoms of boots and shoes, and also for the
levelling of the heads of rivets, screws, or brads on the heels and soles of
boots and shoes, the cylinder or block or board might be simply a grindstone,
the shape of which would vary according to the nature of the work and
according as a reciprocating or rotary motion were given. For finer work
revolving brushes or blocks coated with emery or powdered glass might be
used.
Manufacturing Chemists.
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1866. A communication from abroad by Jean Hyppolite Lamoureux
and Edouard Gendrot, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufacturing
Chemists.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING OR PROTECTING THE MOUTHS OF BOTTLES, JARS, AND
SIMILAR RECEPTACLES, AND IN CAPSULES EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication
to me from abroad by Jean Hyppolite Lamoureux and Edouard Gendrot,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufacturing Chemists, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode or method of covering or protecting the
mouths of bottles, jars, and similar receptacles, and to the construction of
capsules to be employed for that purpose, and consists in the application to
the mouths of such vessels or receptacles of an internal and external capsule,
the internal capsule being by preference composed of cardboard stamped up
into the form of a cap or cover, and bearing a name or trade mark thereon. In
cases where the contents of the receptacle are to be protected from damp or
moisture, the cardboard of which the inuer capsule is composed is rendered
impermeable to moisture by any known process. The external capsule is
composed of metal foil stamped or shaped in any well-known manner, but
having openings or apertures made in the top or sides, or both, through which
the inner cardboard capsule with its name or trade mark can be readily seen

page_text: when applied to the bottle or other receptacle. The cardboard capsule having
been inserted inside the metal capsule, the two combined capsules are placed
over the neck or lip of the bottle, jar, or other like receptacle, which they are
made to fit pretty accurately. The sides of the metal capsule may be made
to extend below those of the inner or cardboard capsule, and when applied
they are plaited or folded down close round the neck, such plaits or folds
being in some cases concealed by a paper or other ornamental strip or label
gummed round the said plaits or folds. The inner or cardboard capsule may in
some cases serve in lieu of a cork or bung, and when a cork or bung is used
a mere flat paper or cardboard disc bearing the manufacturer's or agent's
name or trade mark may be placed inside the open metal capsule, in lieu of
using the inner capsule before referred to, so as to allow the name and trade
mark to be read through the openings in such metal capsule.
AN IMPROVED COM- POUND VOLATILE OIL OR SPIRIT FOR BURNING IN LAMPS OF SUITABLE CONSTRUCTION
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elisabeth Lichtenstadt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 10th April
1866. A communication from abroad by Philip Lichtenstadt, of New
York, United States of America.
I, ELISABETH LICHTENSTADT, of Bermondsey Road, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COM-
POUND VOLATILE OIL OR SPIRIT FOR BURNING IN LAMPS OF SUITABLE CONSTRUCTION,"
to be as follows, a communication to me from abroad by Philip Lichtenstadt,
of New York, United States of America :-
This improved compound volatile oil or spirit consists of about twenty
ounces of camphor which is first dissolved in about one pint of "benzole" or
other similar highly volatile hydrocarbon; to this about one pound of aconite
root is added and allowed to remain in a closed vessel until the spirit has
extracted the strength from the aconite root. The fluid is then drained off
and added to about twenty gallons of light volatile oil, "benzole," or other
very light volatile hydrocarbon. It is then suitable for being burnt in lamps,
by preference such as described in the Provisional Specification for which a
Patent is now being applied for by me bearing even date herewith, and
numbered 1020, or in other lamps of suitable construction. The addition of
the camphor contributes to the brilliancy of the light, and counteracts any dis-
agreeablo odour arising from the burning of liquid hydrocarbon oils or spirits
of a volatile nature.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN SHAPING METALS AND OTHER DUCTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Henry Selwyn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
July 1866.
I, JASPER HENRY SELWYN, of Chequers Court, Tring, in the County of
Hertfordshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN SHAPING METALS AND OTHER DUCTILE MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is intended to be used in the raising or sinking of so-called
embossed surfaces on metals or other ductile materials, and is effected by the
pressure of gases or fluids. A mould is made, as is well understood; having
the pattern upon its surfaces external or internal, and pressure being suddenly
or gradually applied by the above means a perfect copy of the pattern is
raised or sunk in the ductile materials. For instance, a spherical steel mould
is made in two halves with an engraved pattern on the interior to contain a
copper sphere of which the surface is plain when put into the mould; this
communicates by a tube with a pressure chamber in which there is gas,
water, or atmospheric pressure; on the said pressure being admitted to the
interior of the spherical mould the surfaces of the copper are pressed by the
blow or equivalent pressure into the hollows of the pattern; or an explosion of
substances or mixed gases may be substituted, caused in the mould itself by
electricity or other convenient arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING AND OTHER NETS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Maunder Ward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
16th June 1866.
I, WILLIAM MAUNDER WARD, in the Employment of William Hounsell and
Company, of Bridport, in the County of Dorset, Manufacturers, do hereby
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING AND OTHER NETS," to be as
follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to the hooks which hold the meshes
in machinery for the manufacture of nets, and consists in forming a niche at
or near the inside of the bend of the hook for the purpose of carrying the
twine back when the knot is being formed, and thereby allow more room for
the shuttle. By the ordinary motion of the machine the twine falls into the
niche instead of slipping back upon the hook as is usually the case where the
ordinary hooks are employed.
The second part of my Invention relates to the shuttle, and consists in
forming it with a double kerf to carry the twine in opposite directions, that is
to say, in addition to the ordinary kerf in the shuttle rod I cut another kerf
near the point of the shuttle rod in the opposite direction to the ordinary

page_text: kerf; one kerf holds the twine while the shuttle is moving from right to left,
and the other holds it while the shuttle is moving from left to right. I am
thus enabled to dispense with one shuttle, the slur still working in alternate
directions if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS, ASH-PITS, CESSPOOLS, AND SIMILAR PLACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lythgoe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th September
1866.
I, THOMAS LYTHGOE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WATERCLOSETS, ASH-PITS, CESSPOOLS, AND SIMILAR PLACES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to filter the refuse of waterclosets and
similar places so that the refuse liquid which escapes shall be almost pure
water, and consequently not liable to pollute rivers or streams into which such
refuse runs. I accomplish this desirable object by allowing the refuse to fall
on a perforated trap, lid, or casing, so that the liquid shall pass through the
said perforations into a reservoir under it. The perforations are made conical,
that is to say, large or bell-mouthed at one side and small at the other side,
which will thus filter the liquid, and by boring or making the said perforations
on both sides of the lid or casing it can be used either side up, so that if the
holes or perforations become stopped by turning it they will become opened
or cleared.
In the reservoir I make another filter, same as the one I have described,
which allows the liquid which has already passed through the first filterer to
fall into another reservoir, thus making a double filterer, and if found necessary
I increase the number of filterers and reservoirs as may be desirable. From
the last reservoir I pass a pipe to the flue or shaft of the chimney which will
carry off any offensive smell that may arise therefrom.
AN EVEN BALANCED TUBULAR SLIDE VALVE FOR STEAM OR OTHER. ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Trent at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1866.
I, JOSEPH TRENT, of Millerton, County of Dutchess, and State of New
York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "AN EVEN BALANCED TUBULAR SLIDE VALVE FOR STEAM OR OTHER.
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The nature of the said Invention consists in constructing a slide valve-
which will serve the three-fold purpose of a slide valve, steam chest, and
supply passage. This is accomplished by forming the valve of a hollow
cylinder equal in capacity to an ordinary steam chest, and communicating.
directly with the supply pipe from the boiler. The tubular valve is made to
fit and slide freely within a cylindrical case, which may either be cast upon.
the steam cylinder or secured thereto by bolts or screws passing through
suitable flanges formed on the case and cylinder. The said case is also.
provided with flanges at each end, upon which heads or covers are secured,.
one of the said beads being connected to the steam supply pipe from the
boiler. The cylindrical casing is provided with steam ports and an exhaust
port in the ordinary manner. The slide valve also is provided with apertures
by which the steam passes from the interior of the said valve to the steam.

page_text: ports, and its exterior is cut away in the centre of its length to form a passage
for the exhaust steam. The valve is by preference kept tight in the casing
by means of metallic packing rings similar to those used in packing ordinary
steam engine pistons. The valve is connected at one end with a valve rod,
and receives the required reciprocating motion thereby from an excentric or
other working part of the engine. The steam enters from the supply pipe
into the interior of the valve, from which it passes through the steam ports
into the cylinder. The said valve being thus pressed equally or nearly so in
all directions very little friction will be caused upon its face or seat. Neither
will there be any tendency to raise the valve from its seat or to cause the
valve rod to bind in its stuffing box. As therefore the valve will not absorb
the power of the engine to move it nor permit the steam to blow through and
be wasted, great economy will result from the use of the said valve, both with
regard to the quantity of fuel consumed and in the wear and tear of the working
parts of the engine.