IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR RETAINING THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES OR OTHER WINDOWS WHEN RAISED OR LOWERED IN ANY DESIRED POSITION
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Jacob, of Maida Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR RETAINING THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY OR OTHER
CARRIAGES OR OTHER WINDOWS WHEN RAISED OR LOWERED IN ANY DESIRED
POSITION."
Sealed the 13th December 1870, and dated the 15th June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Jacob at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th June 1870.
I, MICHAEL JACOB, of Maida Hill, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR RETAINING THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY
OR OTHER CARRIAGES OR OTHER WINDOWS WHEN RAISED OR LOWERED IN ANY
DESIRED POSITION," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the means or apparatus
employed for retaining the windows of railway or other carriages or other
windows when raised or lowered in any desired position or at any suitable
elevation.

page_text: For this purpose according to one part of my improvements a toothed
rack or ratchet or its equivalent is fixed on one or on each of the
inner sides of the stationary sash frame, or other portion of the groove
within which the sash or glazed portion of the window moves up and
down, whether it, be a railway or other carriage window or an ordinary
window of a building. A catch, pin, projection, or spring is mounted on
each side of the window or sash frame opposite to the racks or ratchets
or their equivalents so as to take into or engage with the teeth or
other projecting parts thereof at any point to which the movable sash
or window may be raised, springs being applied to the opposite side
of the sash or sash frame to press the sash with the catches or teeth
against the face of the rack or racks upon the fixed frame, whereby the
catches are caused to engage with the teeth of the racks or ratchets and
thus retain the movable sash or window in any desired position.
In order to release the catch from the rack or ratchet a suitable
projection or handle is fixed upon the frame of the movable sash so
that it can be pulled forward or pressed from the racks or ratchets
and thus release the catches therefrom to raise or lower the sash to
any desired position.
According to another of my improvements I fix corrugated or curved
undulating surfaces upon the fixed sash frame, suitably shaped springs
being fixed upon the edges of the movable sash frame, such springs
entering into the curved hollows of the fixed undulating surfaces so as
to retain the sash in any desired position.
Railway or other carriage windows or other windows arranged as
above described can be raised or lowered and placed in any desired
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Michael Jacob in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th December 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MICHAEL
JACOB, of Maida Hill, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of June, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand. eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Michael Jacob, Her special licence that
I, the said Michael Jacob, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Michael Jacob, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR RETAINING THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY OR OTHER
CARRIAGES OR OTHER WINDOWS WHEN RAISED OR LOWERED IN ANY DESIRED
POSITION," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Michael
Jacob, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Michael Jacob, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the means or apparatus
employed for retaining the windows of railway or other carriages or
other windows when raised or lowered in any desired position or at any
suitable elevation.
For this purpose according to one part of my improvements a toothed
rack or ratchet or its equivalent is fixed on one or on each of the inner
sides of the stationary sash frame or other portion of the groove within
which the sash or glazed portion of the window moves up and down,
whether it be a railway or other carriage window, or an ordinary
window of a building. A catch, pin, projection, or spring. is mounted
on cach side of the window or sash frame opposite to the racks or
ratchets or their equivalents, so as to take into or engage with the teetli
or other projecting parts thercof at any point to which the moveable
sash or window may be raised, springs being applied to the opposite side

page_text: of the sash or sash frame to press the sash with the catches or teeth
against the face of the rack or racks upon the fixed frame, whereby the
catches are caused to engage with the teeth of the racks or ratchets,
and thus retain the moveable sash or window in any desired position.
In order to release the catch from the rack or ratchet a suitable
projection or handle is fixed upon the frame of the moveable sash, so
that it can be pulled forward or pressed from the racks or ratchets and
thus release the catches therefrom to raise or lower the sash to any
desired position.
According to another of my improvements I fix corrugated or curved
undulating surfaces upon the fixed sash frame, suitably shaped springs
being fixed upon the edges of the moveable sash frame, such springs
entering into the curved hollows of the fixed undulating surfaces so as
to retain the sash in any desired position.
Railway or other carriage windows or other windows arranged as above
described can be raised or lowered and placed in any desired position
with great facility.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into practice, I will proceed to describe the Drawing hereunto

page_text: projections a. When it is desired to alter the position of the window
from the inside of the carriage it is pulled inwards by the handle
or projection c so as to overcome the pressure of the springs 6², and
thus withdraw or disengage the catch from the teeth or projections
a', and whilst so disengaged the window can be raised or lowered to any
extent required; d is a knob or handle by which the window can be
opened or closed from the exterior by pressing it inwards; e is a
narrow strip of metal fixed on the under side of the window frame b,
which is lifted sufficiently high when the window is closed to fall
over the narrow ledge e fixed on the edge of the door to prevent the
ingress of rain.
'
In place of the ratchet teeth or projections a' holes or recesses may be
formed in a plate or in the sides of the grooves of the door frame for the
pins or projections 6' on the window frame to enter, and thus support the
same in accordance with my Invention.
Figure 3 shows part of a carriage window and frame in which it moves
up and down, arranged with corrugated or curved undulating surfaces
and springs to retain the window in any desired position in accordance
with the second part of my improvements. is one of the undulating
surfaces fixed in the grooves of the door frame, and g are curved springs
fixed on each side of the sash frame, which by entering the hollow curves
of the surface f retain the window in position, the pressure of the
springs g being overcome by raising or lowering the window as will be
readily understood on examining the Drawing.
It will be evident that my improvements may be readily applied for
retaining the windows of other carriages or to other windows.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
carrying the same into practice, I would remark that I am aware that it
has before been proposed to employ racks and catches in combination
with other mechanism for retaining carriage and other windows in
position, and to such parts separately I make no claim; but what I
claim is the improved arrangement and combination of parts for
retaining the windows of railway or other carriages or other windows
in any desired position when raised or lowered substantially as herein
described and shown in reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing
hereunto annexed.

page_text: I also claim the arrangement and combination of parts for retaining
carriage and other windows in any desired position substantially as
described in reference to Figure 3 of the Drawing hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Michael Jacob, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of December, in the
year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
MICHAEL JACOB. (L.S.)
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE,
Patent Agent,
34, Southampton Buildings, W.C.