IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNA- MENTAL LACE OR NET
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARKE, of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Clarke, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said William Clarke, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Clarke, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed," my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNA-
MENTAL LACE OR NET;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said William Clarke, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Clarke, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-

page_text: tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hercunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):-
My Invention consists,
First, of a mode of making net or lace with muslin or finings in ornamental
patterns by a peculiar working of sets of four threads, as hereafter explained.
And this part of my Invention also consists of a mode of using threads in
making net or lace and finings by machinery, the crossings being platted, and
in so working that the threads may be divided, and produce twisted pillars of
two threads, of the character of bobbin net or twist lace.
Second, my Invention consists of means of making net by using three warp
threads to two bobbin threads, and also the use of four warp threads to three
carriage threads, the extra warp threads in some cases acting as weft threads
in shuttle weaving, the other warp and bobbin threads then acting as the warp
of the fabric.
Third, the so using additional point bars and points that the guage of the
threads above the carriages of bobbin net or twist lace machines may be
expanded or contracted so as to produce varied effects.in making ornamented
lace.
And fourth, my Invention consists of means of using pattern surfaces in
making ornamented lace, by combining a series of cylinders with variable pro-
jections, as hereafter explained.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS MARKED A.
The nature of bobbin net or twist lace machines being well known, it will
not be necessary to enter into a full description thereof, as the first part of
my Invention consists of the production, by means of bobbin net or twist lace
machinery, of peculiar fabrics of twist lace combined with muslin or finings
in pattern; and therefore it will only be necessary for me to describe such
parts of the arrangements of machinery as are used by me in carrying out
this part of my Invention, and which more or less differ from other modes of
working heretofore resorted to. One peculiar character of the first part of my
Invention is a mode of working with sets of four threads in such manner that
two threads are ordinary warp threads, one thread is an ordinary bobbin thread
placed in a carriage, and another, the fourth thread, has the character of a
bobbin thread 'when working single twisted pillars, and also when four threads
are combined into a pillar, it at all times being twisted with a neighbouring

page_text: warp thread; for which reason I will, in the course of describing the means
of working according to this part of my Invention, call this fourth thread a
bobbin guide thread, and the other bobbin thread a carriage thread, by which
means I shall be enabled to avoid being misunderstood when speaking of the
manner in which the respective threads are caused to work to produce fabrics
according to my Invention; and the peculiarity of this part of my Invention
is that, when making single pillar lace (each pillar consisting of the twisting
of two threads), two neighbouring pillars will be produced; one by the ordi-
nary twisting of the carriage and a warp thread, and the other pillar will be
produced by the twisting of the other warp thread with what I have called
the bobbin guide thread, and in such manner that the twist obtained to these
two threads is only retained by the linking of each carriage thread with two
warp threads, which carriage thread twists with a third warp thread, the link-
ing with one warp thread being to the right hand, and the linking to the left
hand is with another warp thread, the linkings producing the tops and bottoms
of the meshes, as will be better understood on examining the magnified repre-
sentation of twist lace made according to this arrangement of threads, .shewn
at No. 1 Specimen, where the pillars of the meshes are single pillars, the
centre one being produced, as above mentioned, by the ordinary twisting of a
carriage thread and a warp thread, and the other two pillars are each produced
by the twisting of a warp thread with a bobbin guide thread, the twists put on
such. two threads respectively being held by the linking of the carriage threads
first with the warp thread to the left hand of the one it is twisting with, and-
then with the warp thread to the right hand of the one it is twisting with, then
again to the left hand and then to the right hand, the other carriage threads
to the right hand and to the left hand linking into the same warp threads at
intermediate distances to where the carriage thread first mentioned links; and
thus is a fabric of single pillar lace produced according to this part of my
Invention, and the. fabric will be twice as fine as the guage of the carriages
used. Thus, supposing a twelve-point guage machine be employed, the single
fabric produced, as above described, would be twenty-four point guage. The
Specimen No. 2 of lace fabric, drawn to a magnified scale, shews the using all
our threads in making the vertical pillars, the meshes in this case being six-
ided, such vertical pillars being produced by a succession of the linkings of
he carriage thread with the left and right neighbouring warp threads to the
ne with which it is twisting; and when it is desired to make finings or
nuslin work,. the machinery is caused so to work that the bobbin guide.
hread does not twist with its warp thread. The carriage threads act as the
reft threads in shuttle weaving, each interlinking with two warp threads pass-

page_text: ing under and over its own warp thread, closing in the bobbin guide thread.
The width and shape of such weaving or fining will depend on the number of
neighbouring sets of four threads, which are caused, for the time being, so to
work; and this weaving of the carriage threads with the other threads will
readily be understood on examining .the magnified Specimen No. 3, where a
portion of the weaving is shewn. It will be seen from what has been said,
aided by the magnified specimens of lace shewn, that the carriage thread and
the bobbin guide thread of each set of four threads do not link together in
producing the varied character of pillars shewn; but the two bobbin 'threads
work with their respective warp threads, when twisting, to produce either
single twisted pillars or pillars of four threads, and only the bobbin thread of
the carriage works in producing the fining or woven pattern, by linking with
the two outer warp threads, and by passing alternately under and over the warp
threads with which it twists when making a pillar, and in so doing it closes
the bobbin guide thread in the fabric, as is shewn in the Specimen No. 3.
The Drawings A, Figure 1, shew a section of so much of the machinery
used by me in carrying out this part of my Invention as will enable me
readily to describe how the peculiar combining of threads is accomplished by
machinery; and I employ for the purpose a single-tier twelve point Lever's
machine; but this may be varied, as this part of my Invention does not con-
sist of new machinery, but of means of working old machinery so as to pro-
duce fabrics of lace, and lace with muslin or finings, in pattern, by means of
sets of four threads of the characters herein mentioned. The machinery is
arranged to work with independent instruments, to be selected by suitable
pattern surfaces, so far as the warp threads (which twist round the bobbin
guide threads, and link in with the carriage threads) are concerned. The
bobbin guide threads are carried by guide bars a, which, by suitable cut of
wheels, are caused to move twice in the swing of the carriages from back to
front and from front to back, as herein-after explained, so that the warp threads
may, according as the independent instruments are selected at one period or
other of the two shoggings, pass on the right-hand or the left-hand side of its
bobbin guide thread a; for it is to be understood that the bobbin guide bars
do not shog to change the position of the bobbin guide threads in respect to
the passage of the carriages, but they (the bobbin guide threads) are only
moved in order to their warp threads 6 getting on both sides in the manne
I will hereafter describe. The guides b, one half of which works in the front
and the other half at the back, are each affixed to a lever b¹, which rides or
the bar 6 as a fulcrum, the roller b³ resting on the upper surface to keep
down the levers b', and the levers 6' are kept correct by the combs or sleys 6ª

page_text: b
The back guides b, and the front guides b, are placed alternately corresponding.
with the bobbin guides a at front and back. The warp threads which twist with
the carriage threads are carried by the guide bar c, one guide with its warp thread
to each carriage thread; and these warp threads are racked by a suitable cut of
wheel so as to rack when the carriages are in the back combs one space to the
right hand, and when the carriages are in the front combs, to rack one space
to the left hand. And it should be stated, that reverse twisted thread should
be placed in these guides. The bobbin guide threads receive the twist of their
warp threads in the following manner:-d, d, are fixed stump bars, with
broad stumps, having spaces for the bobbin guide threads. One half of the
bobbin guide threads is carried by one of the bars a in the front, and the
other half is carried by the bar a at back, consequently they have their fixed
stump bars d, d, one at the front, and the other at the back, there being as
many bobbin guide threads as. there are carriage threads. 6, e, are two.
similar stump bars to those at d, d, but the points are longer, so that the warp
threads 6 may be able to pass out of correspondling spaces between the stumps-
d, and yet not pass beyond the ends of the stump points e, the effect of which
will be as follows:-The Drawing shews the guides b (which are bent at their
upper ends, so that those ends may pass between neighbouring bobbin guide
threads,) in a selected position, the carriages being in the middle position, and
going into the back combs, which they then enter. The carriages commence
their swing towards the front combs, and they pass between the warp threads
6 and their bobbin guide threads, and secure the twist obtained to those two
threads in each case; and when the front of the carriage is just entering the
front combs the stump bars e shog back opposite their original position, from
which they moved one space to the left when the carriages were in the back
combs, so as to bring their threads in the same spaces with the bobbin
guide threads in the stump bars d, when the guides 6 go back, and the levers
6 come into a position to be again selected, the locker bar f being caused to
move so as to put down all the levers b¹ at the instant, and a fresh selection
takes place, when the selected warp threads are by their guides caused to pass
on the left side of their bobbin guide threads, the wheels of the bobbin guide
bar having moved the guide bar for that purpose, and then the stump bars e
will go to the right hand one space of the stump points, the carriages having
previously arrived in the front combs. It should be understood, that the
stump point bars e move from their central position one space to the right
each time the carriages go into the front combs, and those bars e also go one
space to the left hand from their central position each time the carriages are
in the back combs, and the stump bars e move to their central position

page_text: immediately the carriages have entered between- all the threads. It will,
therefore, be readily understood by a workman from the above description,
that if the machine continued working, and no threads 6 were selected aud
carried to the right or left hand of their positions in the stump bars d by
the stump bars e, the only effect of working would be the twisting of the
carriage threads with their own warp threads, because, unless the threads
b be moved out of their spaces in the stump bars d, the movement of the
stump bars e would not separate the threads 6 from the bobbin guide threads a
(which are at all times: in the same space. of the stump bars d) to the right
hand or to the left hand; so as to allow of the carriage passing between the
threads a and b, and therefore the nature of the fabric produced depends on
the order in which the levers 6¹ are selected or omitted to be selected; thus,
supposing all the levers 6¹ were selected in such manner as to cause all the
threads 6 to pass on the right-hand side of their respective bobbin guide:
threads, and the machine continued for some time to work with repetitions of
such selections, the effect would be that the bobbin guide threads would be left
out of the fabric, and such would be the case if the warp threads b were at all
times selected so as to pass to the left-hand side of their respective bobbin
guide threads, and therefore it requires (in order to twist the warp threads b
with their respective bobbin guide threads that there should be such
selections that, supposing the carriage were going from the front to the back
combs, the position of the warp threads 6 should be such that the threads b
should pass on the right-hand side of the threads a, and allow their carriages
to pass between them, when the threads 6 have been by the bars e carried one
space to the left hand, then the threads 6 would, as above described, return to
their central position, then, by the carriages swinging from the back combs
into the front combs, and from the front combs into the back combs, without
any further selection of the levers 61 by their pattern surfaces, there would be a
linking of the warp threads 6 with the left-hand carriage thread, then, in
passing the carriages again from the back combs to the front combs, supposing
a selection of all the levers 61 be made, causing the threads 6 to pass on the
left-hand side of their bobbin guide threads, the stump e moving towards the
right hand one space, will carry the warp thread to the right hand, and
become respectively linked with the carriage threads on the right hand thereof
by the carriages passing between the threads a and b. The levers b¹ return
into their unselected position immediately the carriages are amongst all the
threads, and supposing that no further selection takes place, and the carriages
pass from the front combs to the back, and from the back combs to the front
combs, the effect produced by a continued working of such motions, com-

page_text: mencing, as above described, with the movement of the carriages from the
front combs, a fabric of twist lace, such as is shewn at Specimen No. 1, will be
produced. And again, supposing it were desired to produce the fabric of lace,
such as is shown by the Specimen No. 2, when the carriages are passing from
the back combs into the front combs, the selection of the warp threads 6 will
cause them to pass on the left-hand side of their bobbin guide threads, the
stump bars & moving the threads 6 one space to the right hand, will, by the
passing of the carriages between the threads, cause the threads b to be linked
with the carriage threads on their right. The threads 6, resuming their unse-
lected position, remain whilst the carriages pass from the front combs into the
back combs, and when the carriages are passing from the back combs to the
front combs another selection takes place of the levers 6', which causes the
threads 6 to pass on the right-hand side of their bobbin guide threads, those
threads will, by the stump guides e, be carried towards the right hand, the
threads & resuming their central position as soon as the carriages are well
amongst all the threads, and remain there till the carriages get again into the
back combs, and in the carriages passing from the back combs to the front
combs, a selection takes place, which causes the threads b to pass on the left-
hand side of their respective bobbin guide threads, the stump bars e moving
the threads 6 one space to the right hand. The carriages then passing from
the front to the back combs, pass between the threads a and b, and the levers
6' resume their unselected position, and they so remain till the carriages get
into the back combs, and from the back combs into the front combs, and then,
when they are passing from the front combs towards the back combs, a
selection takes place, so as to cause the threads 6 to pass on the right hand of
their bobbin guide threads, when they will be moved one space to the left hand
by the stump bars e. The carriages then passing into the threads, the levers
6 resume their unselected position, and remain whilst the carriages pass into
the front combs, and when the carriages are passing from the front combs
towards the back combs, another selection takes place, which causes the
threads 6 to pass on the left-hand side of their respective bobbin guide
threads, and they are moved by the stump guide bars e one space to the left
hand. The carriages passing amongst the threads, the levers 6' resume their
unselected positions till the carriages have passed into the front combs, and in
passing from the front to the back combs a selection takes place, which causes
the threads 6 to pass on the right-hand side of their respective bobbin guide
threads, and they will, by the stump bars e, be moved one space to the left
hand. The carriages pass from the back combs to the front combs, and when
they are well in the threads the levers 6¹ will resume their unselected position,

page_text: and so remain till the carriages pass into the front combs, and from the front
combs into the back combs, which will have completed a mesh of the lace
fabric, Specimen No. 2. And, in order to make fabrics of the character of the
Specimen No. 8, when the carriages are passing from the back combs towards
the front combs a selection takes place, by which the threads 6 will pass on the
right-hand side of their respective bobbin guide threads, and be caused to
move to the right hand one space by the stump bars e, and when the carriages,
in passing from the front towards the back combs, are well in the threads, the
levers 6¹ resume their unselected condition, as before, the carriages get into the
back combs, another selection of the levers 6¹ takes place, which causes the
threads 6 to pass on the left-hand side of their bobbin guide threads, and the
stumps bars e move them one space to the left hand. The carriages pass
from the back combs, and when fairly in the threads the levers 6' resume
their unselected condition; but before the carriages have moved into the front
combs another selection takes place, which causes the threads 6 to pass on the
left-hand side of their respective bobbin guide threads, and they are by the
stump bars e moved one space to the right hand. When the carriages pass
again into the threads from the front the levers 6¹ resume their unselected
condition, and before the carriages arrive in the back combs a selection takes
place, the threads 6 passing on the left-hand side of their respective bobbin
guide threads, and are moved to the left hand one space by the stump bars e
The continuation of these movements produces muslin or fining such as is
shown in Specimen No. 3, and the pattern of ornamental lace fabric composed
of these different characters will, therefore, depend on the arrangement of the
pattern surface. It should be understood, that during the swing of the
carriages from the back to the front combs, and from the front combs to the
back combs, two selections take place, by connecting each lever 6' with a
separate pattern surface, and the bobbin guide bars have movement between
such two selections. Thus, when the carriages are swinging either from the
back or the front combs, a selection takes place just before the carriages come
to the middle, the bobbin guide bars being so racked as to permit the selected
guides to pass on the right-hand side of their respective bobbin guide threads,
and then the bobbin guide bars move, so that at the next selection of other
guides (which is when the carriages have nearly completed their swing),
they will be caused to pass on the left-hand side of their bobbin guide threads;
hence it will be seen, that when the carriages again swing from the combs
into which they have last come, there will be two states of selection of the
threads b, and these movements of the bobbin guide bars will at all times be the
same, whether
any selection takes place or not, and according to the varied

page_text: selection, or omitting to select, so will be the effect produced opposite particular
levers 6'. It should be stated, that in taking up this fabric I use points in
the back and front point bars twice as numerous as there are carriage threads
in the machine.
I will now describe the Drawings marked B, which show the arrangement
of machinery for making peculiar fabrics of lace and finings or muslin work,
the crossings of the lace being platted when desired, or simply produced by
crossing of two threads, and which arrangement also allows of the threads
being so divided in their working as to produce single twisted pillars similar
in character to plain bobbin net. The crossings are by this machinery caused
to be put on by the warp threads, and the fabrics produced may be called
traverse warp fabrics, as the warp threads traverse from selvage to selvage and
back from selvage to selvage, but not in the manner of ordinary traverse warp
fabrics. And it may be here desireable to remark (in order that the means of
making the peculiar character of fabrics constituting this part of my Invention
may be well understood) that heretofore when making traverse net, whether by
traverse bobbin machinery or traverse warp machinery, that there are two sets
of threads, one at all times proceeding diagonally from right to left, and the
other set proceeding diagonally from left to right, producing the pillars of the
lace by twisting between each succeeding crossing so put on by traversing,
and the complement of the back and front sets of traversing threads are kept
up by the the threads which arrive at the right-hand selvage crossing over and
for a time working with the other set of traversing threads which are pro-
ceeding from right to left, and the threads as they successively arrive at the
left-hand selvage of the fabric cross over and then form part of the set of
threads which are traversing from the left hand towards the right hand. Now,
according to this part of my Invention, although some of the threads are at all
times moving from the right-hand selvage to the left-hand selvage, and other
threads are at all times moving from the left-hand selvage towards the right-
hand selvage, they do not in so traversing constitute a back and front row of
threads; they may be more properly said to be a single row of traversing
threads. And it will be seen that according to my Invention each thread
when it arrives at the right-hand selvage it does not cross over and become
for the time being and till it arrives at the left-hand selvage a back traversing
thread, as heretofore and as will be hereafter better understood, but is an
independent thread and can partake of any desired motion. Each breadth
of fabric is to be of any convenient number of threads, and each warp thread
of a breadth is to be carried by an independent instrument capable by its
pattern surface of being moved a distance from selvage to selvage of the
breadths making, and I prefer to cause the bobbin or carriage threads (which

page_text: simply swing through and through the warp in the same spaces of the combs)
of every other carriage to be made with reverse twist, and the warp threads
are to be hard twisted. The working of this machinery will be understood
by the workman by his keeping in mind that when making plain net with
single twisted pillars as each warp thread arrives at the right-hand or left-hand
selvage, it remains one crossing before it proceeds to pass back to the other
selvage, by which such warp thread twists twice with the outermost bobbin or
carriage thread at that selvage, and then in proceeding back it puts on a cross
with the next warp thread to the left hand if moving from the right-hand
selvage, and with the next warp thread to the right hand if proceeding from
the left-hand selvage.
The Drawings marked B show various views of a Lever's machine, which is
the description of machinery I prefer to use for working according to this part
of my Invention; but I do not confine myself thereto, as variations may be
made in the machinery used, so long as the same is made suitable for working
according to this part of my Invention. The separate warp threads of each
breadth of fabric to be made are to be on separate bobbins or beams in order
to allow of their being used up with different speeds. I have not thought it
necessary in the Drawings B to show a complete machine, as the construction
and working of Lever's machinery is well understood. The nature of the
views which are shown by the Drawings being wrttten thereon, it will not be
necessary to repeat the same here. And in describing the construction and
working of the machinery, I do not propose to explain the various old parts
nor their action, further than to say that the machinery is simply to be worked
so as to pass the carriages through and through the threads, the carriages
continuing to work, as before stated, in the same spaces of the combs, the
character of fabrics produced being determined by the manner in which the
warp threads are moved; and as each warp thread is to be capable of moving
from selvage to selvage of the breadth in which it is working, and as there are
to be as many independent instruments as there are to be threads in a breadth,
I do not use guides, but simply thin strips of metal having holes through them
for carrying one warp thread for each breadth of fabric to be made, such thin
strips of metal being supported at intervals in combs, and such thin strips of
metal are each by a spring drawn constantly towards the left-hand end of the
machine, and when it is permitted it will therefore move towards the left-hand
end of the machine. In order to cause such strips of metal (which for con-
venience of description I will call warp bars) to move towards the right-hand
end of the machine, they must be drawn in that direction by suitable apparatus.
a, a, are the warp bars or thin strips of metal moving in the combs b, b, such
combs being affixed to standards c at intervals carried by the transverse

page_text: bars d, d, and to the same standard c are affixed the bars e supporting rods
e, el; which have each a rod passed through its upper end, and all the warp.
threads are confined between the two bars f, and they are caused to be kept:
at regular intervals apart by means of two stump point bars g. 9, one at the
back and the other at the front, and these points 9 are interspaced with each
other, the back points standing some distance in the spaces between the.
front points, and consequently the front points stand some distance in the
spaces between the back points, and the front and back stump points are :
permanently fixed in this condition, and they are carried respectively by the.
arms h, h, which are fixed to the spindle bar i, the necks or axes of which.
turn in bearings at 2, and motion is communicated to this spindle. bar i:
by means of the cam ; on the axis or shaft k at the back of the machine,
to which motion is communicated from the rotatory front axis (moved by the.
workman) in the ordinary manner. The cam gives motion to the connect-.
ing rod which has two trucks which bear on two points of the surface of
the cam j, as are shewn in the Drawings, the connecting rod being.
guided in its motion by guides at 7. The lower end of the connecting rod.
is attached to an arm is by a pin joint, the arm being affixed to the
spindle bar i. By this arrangement the stump bars g on the arms h will move.
from their front position to the back of the machine, and from their back
position towards the front of the machine, all the threads during one swing
of the carriages being held between one or other of the stump point bars g,
and in so doing any of the warp threads which are placed in and are kept
regularly spaced between the stump points, will be enabled. to move one
space of the carriages to the right hand or to the left hand, as I will now
proceed to describe, which I shall be better able to do by calling attention to
Figure Z, where a plan of two leads of stump points 9 are shewn together.
with the two rods f, between which all the warp threads remain, and they are
kept separate by the stump points g, g; thus there will at all times be two
neighbouring warp threads in each space of the one stump bar 9. which for
the time being is acting, so that when the two warp threads are borne one
against one stump point and the other against the other stump point, two
carriages will pass between them, and the stump points are so formed in
regard to their thickness that when two threads in neighbouring spaces
of either stump bar are borne against (but on different sides of) the point
which divides two neighboring spaces, such two threads will come between
the same two neighboring carriages, and the cam j is so formed that it
causes the arms h to move immediately the carriages have fairly got into the
threads, whether proceeding from back to front or from front to back, and the

page_text: arms h, and consequently the stump points, having moved, a selection of the
threads takes place, which will cause the threads to press against the points
according to the requirement of the pattern; hence, supposing it only to be
desired to make plain twist net or lace with single twisted pillars such as is
shewn in the Drawings at the magnified Specimen No. 4, the manner of
working would be as follows:-Supposing a cross has just been completed,
the warp threads which are traversing towards the left hand would move one
space of the carriages to the right hand, and then two spaces of the carriage
to the left hand, then again one space to the right hand, and then again two
spaces of the carriages to the left hand, the other warp threads moving at the
same time in the reverse directions, a complete mesh will be produced of a
fabric such as is shewn at the magnified Specimen No. 4, but it should be
stated that in all cases for each movement of the warp threads one space of the
carriages, the carriages swing through the threads. The Figure Z shews the
back stump bar to be in its working position, and therefore when the carriages
in their swing have fairly entered the threads, the stump point bars would
move back, and the front stump point bar would come into position, and all
the warp threads would be received between the spaces of those front stump
points, but they being interspaced in respect to the back points, any two neigh-
boring warp threads which were in the same space of the back stump bar will
not enter between one and the same space of the front stump point bar, but
will be divided by a front point passing between them, and so soon as the
back stump points go back beyond the back rod f, the whole of the warp
threads will be at liberty to move either one space of the carriages towards the
right hand or towards the left hand. And in order to cause the bobbin threads
to continue to twist with their (for the time being) warp threads, when the
carriages have entered the threads a selection of the surfaces o, p, or 7, r,
hereafter described, will take place by the pattern surface so as to cause the
warp threads each to move one space back in the opposite way to that it last
moved, by which the carriages will pass on the other side of the same
warp threads when they next swing into the threads which will put on twist,
and such twisting of a warp thread with the same carriage will take place so
long as this action is continued. I have here spoken as if all the threads were
to make plain traversed twist lace or only twisted pilliars, but it will be evident
that as the threads are independent the same effect will take place to those
only which may be selected for the purpose, whilst others may be selected for
making other fabrics, such as lace with platted pillars, each of four threads,
or finings, or muslin work, which are performed a followss:-In making
platted pillars two neighbouring warp threads continue to work with the same

page_text: two carriage or bobbin threads, one warp thread moving during two swings
of the carriages to the right, whilst the other warp thread moves to the
left, and then they reverse their action, and so long as this is continued
by any two neighbouring warp threads with the same two bobbin threads, a
platted pillar of four threads will be produced; and then the two warp threads
will proceed to traverse, the one which is going towards the left hand making
one movement to the right and then two to the left, and then two to the right,
by which another pillar is commenced in conjunction with another warp thread
which is traversing in the opposite direction, and a similar working (reversing
the direction of movement) takes place with the warp thread with which it
was previously working, that warp thread at the same time moving towards
the right hand, by which the fabric shewn by the magnified Specimen No. 5
will be produced. In making finings the threads continue to make only what
may be called crossings, by moving from selvage to selvage, producing the
specimen shewn on a magnified scale at No. 6, the warp threads passing alter-
nately under and over the carriage or bobbin threads. I have thus described
the working only with an ordinary complement of warp threads, but extra
warp threads may be used for aiding in the making of finings as weft threads,
as is shewn at the lower part of the Specimen No. 6, in which case the addi-
tional warp threads, which act as weft threads in weaving with warp and
shuttle, will be cut off between pattern and pattern, they being left out of the
work at back and front in the working between the parts where these weavings
The breadths are to be laced together in the ordinary way, and addi-
tional warp threads may be introduced for gymping and other purposes as
heretofore.
come.
I have spoken above of the warp threads being each capable of traversing from
selvage to selvage. I will now proceed to describe machinery according to my
Invention for acting on the warp bars, so as to give them the requisite motion;
at the same time I do not confine myself to the machinery herein described for
that purpose, though I believe the same to be the best. As all the warp bars are
acted on by similar instruments it will only be necessary to describe the appa-
ratus (actuated by the machinery) for giving motion to one of the warp bars a.
Each warp bar a is connected to a cranked lever a¹ by the narrow piece a³,
which is capable of bending freely so as to diverge from its bar a in order to
it being connected with its lever a¹, and the lever a¹ is connected by means
of a connecting rod a³ to a cranked lever a, which is acted on by stepped
surfaces moved by pattern surfaces, as hereafter explained. l, m, are two
bars having projecting fingers l', m³, and the ends of these bars slide between
two guiding surfaces carried by the framing at one end of the machine, as is

page_text: shewn, and these bars l, m, receive to and fro motion from the cams, m³, or
the axis n, which axis n receives motion from the rotatory shaft (driven by the
workman by crank handles formed thereon, as is well understood,) by means
of the bevelled wheels 1, 2, the shaft 3, and the bevelled wheels 4 and 5, the
wheel 5 being on the axis n. P³, m³, are levers, the trucks of which rest
against their respective cams P, m², and the levers P³, m³, are attached by con-
necting rods or links l, m, to the bars l, m; and the links or connecting
rods l, m, carry the bars 1, m³, which have corresponding fingers to those on
the bars l, m. Between the fingers l', m', on the bars 1, m, and the levers a
(of each warp bar a) are from time to time introduced what may be called filling
pattern surfaces o, p, q, r, each having steps thereon. The machinery shewn is
arranged for having seventy-eight bars a, and therefore capable of making
breadths with that or a less number of threads, but this may be varied, and the
machinery may be arranged for having more warp bars. The surfaces o, p, q, r,
are arranged for making breadths with as many as ninety or less threads. The
surfaces o, p, have each three steps, but the steps on the surface o are only one
fourth of the width of the steps on p. The surfaces q, r, are similar to o, p, and they
act in succession on the same bar a, through their lever a*; each of the steps
on the surface o is capable of moving the threads of the warp bar a a distance
equal to three spaces of a stump point bar, and therefore equal to six spaces of
the carriage combs, the effect of which will be that the acting step for the time
being of the pattern surfaces o, p, q, r, will not require to be changed for
causing the warp threads to traverse only once for a warp thread traversing to
put on crosses six times, the stump bars guaging the positions of the threads
for the carriages to pass through, therefore the keeping the threads in a state of
tension, so that they will traverse when permitted, will be all that is necessary;
thus, supposing the single step of o were introduced between the lever a' and
the finger of the bar 7, the effect would be that the threads of that bar would
each continue at the time of traversing to traverse for six spaces of the
carriages, then the second step would be introduced for producing the
next six traverses, then the third step of o will be introduced for the next
six traverses; then the three steps of o will be removed, and the first step of p
will be introduced for producing the next six traverses; then the single step of
o will be again introduced, together with the first step of p, which will make
a surface in action equal to five steps of o, and so on, the surfaces q, r, being
introduced in like manner, for they are both acting for the same lever a'; this
is supposing no twisting of the threads is taking place. The springs to the
warp bars a carry the warp bars a in the reverse position, and it will be under-
stood that as each of the warp threads is between two stumps of one or other

page_text: of the bars, their passing from one stump bar to the other will only allow the
threads to move forward or backward one space of the carriage combs at a
time, and therefore the pattern surfaces o, p, q, r, going all out for a traverse,
will only allow of the threads to move back by their springs. Although I
have spoken of the surfaces not requiring changes for the traverses, it should
be understood that the pattern surfaces o, p, or q, r, go out previous to each time
of selection, and go in each time for selecting the warp bars a, and such selec-
tion takes place when the carriages are well in the threads; thus supposing,
when making plain twist lace, some of the warp bars a have been moved by an
additional step of the surfaces o, p, being introduced, the selection at the next
swing of the carriage would be by the surfaces q, r, and they would allow the
bars a to be acted on by their springs so as to bring the threads back one
space for putting on twist, and the next selection would be by the surfaces o, p,
which would again cause the threads to move back that space in order to the
carriages passing on the other sides of the threads. The surfaces o, p, q, r,
bring additional steps into action for those threads traversing from the left
hand towards the right, and the springs of the bars a, if left to act, would bring
the threads back space by space through the stump point bars for putting on
crosses by those threads, as all those warp threads which are coming from
right to left will by their springs be constantly bearing in that direction; hence
when they are to put on twist with their bobbin threads the surfaces o, p, q, r,
will be introduced to cause them to move back to allow of the carriages passing
on the other side.
It should be stated that the pattern surfaces used for actuating the sur-
faces o, p, q, r, are to be such that they will lift or lower those surfaces a
height suitable for bringing in the steps at the proper times, and this may be
done by the description of pattern surface hereafter described.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which has for its object
the means of using additional warp threads to act as weft threads of warp and
shuttle weaving. And this part of my Invention I prefer to be carried out by
means of the machinery described in the Specification to my former Patent,
bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of October last, or by any
machinery which works so that any of the carriages may be prevented
traversing for a time, at the same time that their warp threads are also being
so racked that in the passage of the threads through between those warp
threads no twist will be put on at those places, and hence the bobbin
threads and their warp threads at those places will, by the swing of the car-
riages through and through, open sheds suitable for receiving a warp thread
transversely across as a weft thread; and I prefer for these fabrics to have

page_text: three warp threads for each two carriage threads, placing the extra warp
threads alternately in guides on a back warp bar and a front warp bar
so that the back extra guides will place their threads at the back of the
ordinary warp threads and at the front of the bobbin or carriage threads, and
the front extra warp threads will place their threads in front of the ordinary
warp threads, and at the back of the bobbin or carriage threads, this part o
my Invention being confined to the making of weavings in patterns in those
parts of traversed net or lace where the threads are so worked in producing
the pattern as not to twist or traverse, but simply to act as a warp for receiving
the extra warp threads as weft threads, and I prefer to cut off the extra warp
threads between pattern and pattern, they being left out when making the
traversed twist lace portions of the fabrics. And this part of my Invention
consists in so causing the pattern surfaces, of whatever description used for
working the extra warp threads, that they shall move their respective threads
backwards and forwards a distance equal to the varying distances (accord
ing to the pattern) left open, where the pattern surfaces are so actuating the
carriage threads and the warp threads as to cause them not to traverse, and
not to put on twist, hence the pattern surfaces of the extra guide bars act in
concert with the pattern surfaces governing the working of the other threads;
and it will only be necessary for me to add, in respect to this part of my
Invention, that the extra warp threads at the ends of their motion are to be
caused to link with the bobbin threads at the margin of the woven pattern, and
of those bobbin threads which have been making the ordinary fabric of twist
lace; and where the designs of cloth work are so wide as to require several of
the neighbouring extra warp threads to be brought in to make the same woven
portion of the fabric, then, where two extra threads meet, they are to link in
with the same bobbin or carriage thread so as to make the work as uniform as
possible. In place of using three warp threads to each two bobbin or carriage
threads, more may be used, but I believe that one extra warp thread for each
two of the carriage threads will be found to produce the best fabrics; or only
four warp threads may be used in like manner for every three of the carriage
threads.
I would remark, in respect to this part of my Invention, that I am aware
that the edges to traversed twist lace have been made by woven fabric pro-
duced by warp threads acting as weft threads with other warp threads and
bobbin threads, but in such cases those bobbin 'threads and warp which were
used in the weavings at the edges had not the capability of at other times
making traversed lace, and the peculiarity of this part of my Invention is, that
the bobbin threads and warp threads which at one time are aiding to make

page_text: weavings with the extra warp threads, can at other time produce traversed
twist lace, and thus change from one class of fabric to the other class of fabric,
from time to time, according to the nature of the design.
I will now describe another mode of making lace fabrics with weavings of
muslin or finings in pattern, by the use of three warp threads to each two
bobbin threads. In making these fabrics I prefer to use a single tier machine
where the carriages do not traverse, but simply swing through and through the
threads, and I have shewn a cut of wheels for actuating such three warp
threads when making the twist lace portions of the fabrics, and the cut of
wheels or other pattern surfaces used to produce a similar effect is to have
added thereto the means of moving the extra warp bars to lay in their threads
in the manner previously described in respect to traversed net or lace accord-
ing to the pattern designed, the cut of wheels or movements shewn coming
into action again when twist lace portions of the fabrics are to be made.
The Drawing C shews at Figures 1, 2, and 3, the three wheels for making
this description of lace fabric, or other pattern surfaces may be used, the
peculiar character of this fabric being the use of three warp threads to two
bobbin threads of twist lace machinery, in such manner that the extra warp
threads, when not making lace, may be used as weft threads between the
ordinary warp threads and bobbin threads, producing similar crossings to those
of traversed net. And I would observe, that each alternate bobbin thread
should be twice as thick as the neighbouring bobbin threads, in order to
equalize the thickness of the pillars of the lace work. The Specimen No. 7,
Drawing B, shews a magnified portion of net made according to this means of
working, and the workman will readily see that in a similar manner four warp
threads could be used for each three bobbin threads.
I will now describe another mode of using three warp threads to each two
bobbin threads, and this part of my Invention does not relate to the making of
the twist lace portions of the fabric, but to the means of making the fining or
cloth work. In carrying out this part of my Invention I prefer to use single
tier machinery where the carriages swing through and through the warp
threads without traversing, and in making the lace portions of the fabrics two
of the warp threads are to be caused to work and twist as a single warp thread
with one bobbin or carriage thread, therefore the other warp thread is to be of
twice the diameter of the other warp threads, in order when it is twisting with
its bobbin thread to make a pillar it will produce the same size of pillar as that
produced by the two warp threads and one bobbin thread. Figures 4, 5, and 6,
of the Drawing marked C, shew the order in which the threads are to be
worked in order to produce the weavings or muslin work which will be of the

page_text: character shewn by the magnified Specimen No. 8 (Drawing B), the nature of
which will readily be understood on examining such specimen, and the mode
of working will readily be traced by examining the cut of wheels for making
muslin or finings, by these means the warp thread which works single with its
bobbin thread when making net or open works to take hold of the other bobbin
threads, first on the right-hand side and then on the left-hand side of its own
bobbin thread, and at the same time causing the other two warp threads to
twist round their own bobbin threads, the one to the right hand and the other
to the left hand, and this action constitutes the peculiar feature in this part of
my Invention, the cut of wheels, as shewn in the Drawing marked C,
Figures 7, 8, 9, being given only to shew a means of making net by this
arrangement, which may be varied according to taste.
I will now describe the third part of my. Invention, which has for its object
the so using numerous point bars that the guage of the threads in the fabric
opposite particular places may be expanded or contracted by means of pattern
surfaces acting to control the position of the threads, and these pattern surfaces
so actuating the point bars are to act in concert with the pattern surfaces
which are controlling the order in which the various threads are to work in
producing the different parts of the lace. And in order that this part of my
Invention may be fully understood I will describe the Drawings marked D,
which shew an arrangement of points for varying the guage of the threads in
making the heads or edges of breadths of lace; and having described the
means of working with such arrangement of moveable or contracting and
expanding point bars, I will shortly point out how varied effects, by varying
the guages of the threads or the number of points acting in a given width,
may be produced in the ground or body of the lace fabrics which are being
made in such machinery. The apparatus shewn in these Drawings are,
as above stated, suitable for acting on the outer edges of breadths, and in
making breadths of lace there is to be a space left between each breadth of
lace so as to allow the points to expand the fabric by making it of a coarser
texture, or of a less number of points at the outer edges than in the ground or
body of the lace. This arrangement for working with moveable points differs
from that described by me in my Specification of a former Patent, inasmuch
that in that case the breadths of lace were to be made each of as many
threads as the extreme breadth would require according to the guage of the
machine; whereas, in the present arrangement, the number of threads used
for a breadth is that which, according to the guage of the machine, is due to
the narrowest width of the breadths of lace, and the points are so worked
as from time to time to vary the guage by making parts of less number of
points than other parts.

page_text: Figure 1 shews a section of part of a single tier twist lace machine.
Figure 2, part of a front view of the point bars, shewing the apparatus for
giving motion from suitable pattern surfaces to the various parts of the point
bar. Figure 3 shews part of the point bars, the points being all arranged,
equally spaced, and in the condition in which at every motion they enter the
threads just above the carriage heads, there being spaces between the breadth
of points for allowing the points to expand and contract. Figure 4 shews part
of a plan of the point bars, where they are partially expanded; and Figure 5
shews a part of a plan of the points fully expanded. The other Figures shew
various views of the separate parts of the point bars, which being of the same
colors as those in the other Figures they will be readily understood. a, a, are
the point bars, the points of which are twenty to the inch, the machine being
a ten point guage; and the points 6 are for taking up the ground or back
portion of the lace or fabric, and they do not expand or contract. The various
bars c, d, e, f, and g, are placed above the point bars a, and they slide on each
other, they being secured by the plates h, h, at intervals, so as to prevent their
moving out of their places, and the points of the various bars are so arranged
that they stand in one row, the various points being cranked in order to their
doing so; and as each of the bars c, d, e, f, and g, are actuated by pattern
surfaces in like manner to the other, the description of the apparatus of one will
be sufficient. It should however be understood that the pattern surfaces are.
to be caused so to act that all the points range, equally spaced, at the time of
entering the threads above the carriages, and then they respectively diverge
according to the requirement of the pattern. i is a lever moving on an axis j.
At the lower end the lever j is attached by a pin joint, and at the upper end
the lever j carries an adjusting screw which rests against the rule-jointed
lever k, which has its fulcrum or axis at l; the lever k, it will be seen,
is in two parts k and k³, connected by a rule joint at k³, and this lever k, k³,
is put in motion by means of two pattern surfaces by means of, the
bolts m and n, the bolt m being the one for arranging the degree to which
the points actuated by this apparatus shall diverge, and the bolt. n is so
worked as to govern the points that they, shall all range together when
they dip and enter the threads, and when in the threads the other bolt m
comes in work and causes the divergence of the points. Now, in order to give
a single example of the advantage to be obtained in using. expanding points in
order to vary the guage of the fabric, I will suppose that the machine by its
cut of wheels is making plain bobbin net or twist lace, it will be evident that
if no expanding movement were. given to the points there would be plain
bobbin next produced, all of ten point guage in all parts; now supposing the

page_text: expansion of the points to take place at each take up, and expand into the
positions shown at Figure 5, the fabric would be plain bobbin net of five point
guage, and it will therefore be evident to a workman that whatever be the
class or classes of twist lace produced at the outer edge of a breadth,
the coarseness or fineness of the guage of the threads in different parts will
depend on the manner the workman, by his pattern surfaces, brings the power
of expansion and contraction of the points into action. And this part of my
Invention is also applicable to the ground of the lace as well as to the outer
edges of the breadths, and in fact, in making narrow breadths of lace fabrics,
the whole of the points may be on moveable point bars actuated by pattern
surfaces. In thus using expanding points it will readily be perceived that as
part of the warp threads, as well as of the bobbin threads, will be used
up quicker where the expansion takes place, those threads. are to be put on
separate bobbins or beams; and, where the points are all independent, then all
the warp threads will be independent bobbins or beams.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, which relates to
means of working pattern surfaces, in order to govern and control the threads
of bobbin net machinery when making ornamented lace fabrics.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING MARKED E.
Figure 1 is a plan showing an apparatus for using pattern surfaces; consist-
ing of a series of cylinders or stud barrels; Figure 2 is a front view; and
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section. This apparatus consists of two carrying
wheels or frames moving on axes, which carry stud cylinders at intervals so as
to bring fresh stud cylinders into a position to act as the pattern surface for
the time being, which, going out of action, another is brought into position.
The stud cylinders on B and C come into action alternately. A, A, is the
framing which is to be fixed above the lace machinery on which the pattern
surfaces are to act. B, C, are the two carrying wheels or frames moving on
axes D, turning in suitable bearings affixed to the framing A. Each of
these frames carries several stud barrels E, which respectively turn in bear-
ings carried by the frames B, C; and in order that the stud barrels should
not turn, excepting when required to change their positions, in order to bring
up fresh studs on the surface, there is fixed on the axis of each stud barrel
or cylinder E a notched wheel F, into which the end of a spring G presscs,
and thus keeps it from turning unless driven round by a driver H acting on
the ratchet wheel I, fixed to the axis of the stud barrel; and the manner in
which this is effected will be hereafter explained. The barrels E are composed
of perforated sheet brass or other suitable material, the interior being hollow,

page_text: in order to receive wool, cotton, or other such material, so as to produce a
cushion for receiving the sharp-pointed pins or studs. By this means of
making pattern surfaces the positions of the pins or studs may be changed
with facility, so as to allow of the patterns being readily recomposed. On
the axis of each of the frames B, C, is fixed a wheel J, having adjustable
stops K, one for each stud barrel; and these wheels J are driven round by
drivers L coming against the adjustable stops K, there being springs M which
press against the backs of the stops K as they are successively brought up,
thereby retaining the wheels J, and consequently the frames B, C, correctly in
a suitable position, where they will remain so long as the barrel E, which for
the time being is operating till the pattern thereon is used up, when the driver
L is to be moved, and the frames B or C are moved a distance equal to that
between two stops K by a cam and other apparatus actuated by the lace
machinery, as is well understood in getting motions at regulated intervals to
parts of machinery used in the manufacture of lace; and in order to give
motion to the stud barrels E, E, which for the time being are in position for
acting, two bars N are used, and they are raised and lowered alternately.by
means of connecting rods or links O, O, one at each end of each of the bars
N, N, such connecting rods receiving motion from cams and levers of lace
machinery so as to cause the pins or studs of the barrels to be brought into
action at the proper time for selecting the moveable parts of lace machinery,
receiving variable motions to produce different effects in the fabrics which
are being made by the threads thus operated on. And it may here be stated
that the use of pattern surfaces, and the means of transmitting variable quan-
tities of motion obtained therefrom, being well understood, it will not be
necessary to enter into a particular description thereof in this my Specifica-
tion; I shall therefore confine myself to the describing means of getting
variable lengths of motion suitable for working different parts of lace machines.
Amongst others this apparatus will be particularly suitable for moving the
pattern surfaces o, p, q, r, described under the first part of my Invention when
explaining the Drawings marked B. Each bar N carries a driver H, which is
pressed outwards by a spring, and is adjusted to a correct position by a screw..
This driver coming in contact with one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel of
the stud barrel which is for the time being in position for operating, will move
it one tooth, and thus bring up a fresh row of studs to act in the manner I
will now proceed to describe. The spring L keeps the frames B, C, correctly
in position by keeping their stops pressing on the drivers, as shewn. The
bars N are bars for raising and lowering the sliding bars R, the bars N being
guided in their up-and-down movements by moving in slits or openings S in
the fraining, as shewn, such bars N having each a plate N¹ on which the

page_text: sliding bars R rest by one or other of their notches; and according as one or
other of the notches of the sliding bars R rest on the bar N¹, so will be the
:height or distance to which the instruments connected therewith will be moved,
as will readily be understood on examining the Drawing. The sliding bars R
move in sleys T, fixed to the transverse bar T, and there is a cord V attached
to the lower end of each of the sliding bars R to connect it to the apparatus of
the lace machinery. To each pair of sliding bars R there is a double spring U
which tends to force the upper ends of both towards their lifting plates N¹, the
sliding bars R having wires W passing through slots in their lower ends, such
wires being fixed to the framing. ✗ are two bars fixed across the machine,
having sliding rods Y passing through the bars X, one sliding rod to each
sliding bar R, there being a pin passed through the forked end of the rod Y;
and through the slot in the bar R. Hence, as either of the bars N is caused
to rise, the whole of the bars R of that bar N will be pressed in towards its
bar N, and according as the pin or stud on the barrels E is omitted, or short,
- or a medium one, so will be the notch taken of the bar R by the lifting plate
N'. The Drawing shews one of the rods Y to be on one of the shortest
lengths of studs, and therefore the middle notch of the one rod R is resting
on the lifting plate N₁ for that side of the machine. When either of the
rods Y comes opposite one of the longest length of pins in a cylinder E, that
rod R, attached to such rod Y, will be moved out of the way of the blade N',
and will not be raised thereby. I have not thought it necessary to shew
more than one stud barrel on each of the frames. The positions of the others
are shewn by dotted lines. I would remark that stud barrels of various
descriptions have before been used as pattern surfaces for lace machinery. I
do not therefore claim the same generally, the peculiar character of this part
of my Invention being the using of several of such barrels in frames to be
brought into action in succession.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
nin acquainted with for performing the same, I would have it understood that
I do not confine myself to the details herein described, so long as the peculiar
character of either part of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is,-
First, the mode of making ornamental lace or net, by employing sets of four
threads, and in such manner that what I have called a bobbin guide thread
is used to twist with a warp thread, and a carriage thread to twist with a
warp thread, and hold the twist produced on the other two threads of the set,
as described in respect to Drawings A.
And I also claim the mode of making ornamental lace or net by means of
traversing warp threads, as described in respect to Drawings B.
Secondly, I claim the mode herein described of weaving in pattern in

page_text: manufacturing traversed twist lace (by machinery), by using extra warp
threads as weft threads to produce weaving in pattern where no twisting or
traversing is taking place with the carriage threads and warp threads.
And I also claim the manufacture of ornamented lace or net described in
respect to Drawing C, Figures 1, 2, and 8, and Specimen No. 7, having
crossing similar to traversed net, the extra warp threads being used as weft
threads when weaving.
And I also claim the mode of making ornamental weavings in twist lace or
net, by causing the warp threads, which work single with their bobbin threads,
to take hold of the other bobbin threads on the right hand and on the left
hand, such other bobbin threads so taken hold of working each with two warp
threads.
Thirdly, I claim the so arranging and working of point bars of twist lace
machinery that, by expanding and contracting, they may vary the guage of
the threads of the fabric, as described in respect to the Drawings D.
And fourthly, I claim the mode of arranging and using pattern surfaces
whereby several stud cylinders or barrels are successively brought into action
when working lace machinery.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clarke, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
WILLIAM (L.B.) CLARKE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of May, in
the year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid William Clarke came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.