IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS AND OTHER
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Greenwood, of No. 5, Southfield Square,
Manningham, in the Borough of Bradford and County of York, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS AND OTHER
Sealed the 31st May. 1861, and dated the 4th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Greenwood at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th December 1860.
I, BENJAMIN GREENWOOD, of No. 5, Southfield Square, Manningham, in
the Borough of Bradford and County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS AND
OTHER BRUSHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making brooms and other brushes by means
of setting or fixing bristles, weed, hair, or fibre firmly in grooves, by which
said method the broom or brush embodies in itself a greater amount of
elasticity and strength than is retained by the ordinary mode of making
the same. It is proposed to fix the bristles, hair, weed, or fibre in tubes
made of tin, zinc, or other malleable material; and grooves corresponding with
the shape of the said tubes are to be made in. the broom or brush stock.
The tubes containing the bristles, are then to be inserted into the corresponding

page_text: grooves made in the broom or brush stock until the same form a perfect
brush. The grooves may be made horizontal, diagonal, circular, semicircular,
zigzag, eliptic, spiral, and other shapes, the tubes containing the bristles, hair,
weed, or fibre corresponding thereto.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Greenwood in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
GREENWOOD, of No. 5, Southfield Square, Manningham, in the Borough of
Bradford and County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One, thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Benjamin Greenwood, Her special licence that I, the said Benjamin
Greenwood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Benjamin Greenwood, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS AND OTHER BRUSHES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Benjamin Greenwood, my
executors. or administrators, by. an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly, describe, and. ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same, was; to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immédiately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
.
*
..
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin (Greenwood, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner. the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and: ascertained in and by the fol÷
lowing statement, that is to say :-.
This Invention consists in making, brooms and other. brushes by means of
setting or fixing bristles, weed; hair, or fibre firmly in grooves, by which

page_text: said method the broom or: brush embodies in itself a greater amount of
élasticity and strength than is retained by the ordinary mode of making the
same. It is proposed to fix the bristles, hair, weed, or fibre in tubes made
of tin, zinc, or other malleable material, and grooves corresponding with the,
shape of the said tubes are to be made in the broom or brush stock. The
tubes containing the bristles are then to be inserted into the corresponding
grooves made in the broom or brush stock until the same form a perfect
brush. The grooves, may be made horizontal, diagonal, circular, semicircular,
zigzag, elliptic, spiral, and other shapes, the tubes containing the bristles,
bair, weed, or fibre corresponding thereto.
And in order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible, I now
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative Sheet of;
Drawings hereunto. annexed, and to the numeral figures and letters of reference;
marked thereon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING...
Figure 1 represents a plan view of the under side of a broom stock con-
structed with grooves according to my said Invention; Figure 2 is a transverse:
and vertical section of Figure 1 on the line A, B; Figure 3 is a longitudinal
and vertical section of the broom stock; Figure 4 is a side elevation of a
tube before the bristles or other materials are inserted therein; Figure 5 is.
a transverse and vertical section of said tube; Figures 6 and 7 respectively.
exhibit the aforesaid tube with the bristles or other materials fixed therein;..
Figure 8 represents an elevation of a broom stock with tubes and bristles,.
or other materials connected thereto, so as to form a perfect broom or brush;
Figure 9 represents an end view of a circular wood stock; Figure 10 is a
side elevation of same; Figure 11, a side elevation of a tube filled,with, bristles
or other materials according to the kind or class of brush, required; Figure 12:
a. transverse and vertical section of Figure 11; Figure 13 is an end. view
of Figure 10, shewing the bristles or other materials adapted thereto, so as
to form a perfect brush. At each of the foregoing Figures I employ similar
letters of reference to denote corresponding parts in so far as such parts
appear or can be seen at each of; such said Figures respectively.
At Figures 1, 2, 3, 8, A is the stock of the broom;, B, grooves formed.
therein by means of a saw; the bottom part of the groove is then cut out
by a cutter to the shape seen in Figure 2. The tubes C, which are to be
inserted into these grooves, are first formed of a half round shape, by means

page_text: of an iron die. Bristles or other material a are then laid or run into a hand
press to the length required, and while thus fixed the ends thereof are dipped.
into melted pitch or other composition. The bristles or other material are
then inserted into the half open tube C, which has been previously placed on
the lower die of a screw press; the press is then screwed up to close the.
tube, which then contains the ends of the bristles firmly fixed, as shewn in
Figures 6 and 7. The bristled tubes are then forced into the grooves made
in the broom stock until a complete brush is thus formed.
I also practise another mode of manufacture according to the kind of brush
required to be made. For example, if for a circular brush, as at Figure 13,
I take strips of paper, tinfoil, calico, or other suitable material of the same
breadth as the depth of groove I make in the brush stock, "and after glueing
or cementing the same I bind them firmly on to the ends of the bristles or
other material by means of a press; in this way I make a sliver of bristles
or other material; when dry I stitch the same with linen thread or twine. Dis
a circular brush stock formed in a lathe by means of a turning tool; I also
form a spiral groove d in the same from one end to the other, as at Figure 10,
to receive the sliver or layer of bristles E or other materials, which I besmear
with glue on the bound end. One end of the said sliver I then fix firmly:
into the commencement of the groove made in the circular stock while it is
in the lathe, it is then made to revolve, and while doing so the sliver of bristles
or other material works itself into the said groove, thus forming a perfect
brush.
.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Brooms and other
Brushes," together with the best means I am acquainted with for carrying
the same into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that although
I have only described my improvements as applied to a broom and circular
brush, I do not intend to limit myself to the manufacture of these articles
only, but reserve to myself the right to manufacture brooms and brushes of
every kind according to my said Invention; neither do I intend to limit or
confine myself to any particular shape or form of the groove or tube above
described, or the kind of materials to be employed, as the same may be varied
without departing from the substantial character of my said Invention.
And I hereby declare that what I claim as my Invention, and desire to
secure by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is as follows:-I
claim the modes above particularly described, set forth, and represented of
manufacturing brooms or other brushes, by fixing bristles or other material

page_text: in tubes, in the manufacture of brooms or brushes, and by fixing a sliver of
bristles or other material to strips of paper, tinfoil, calico, or other suitable
material in the manufacture of circular brushes, and then connecting such said
bristled tubes and slivers of bristles or other material to the stock of the
broom or brush, by means of grooves respectively formed in and around the
said stocks, as above stated and represented by the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Greenwood, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
BENJAMIN GREENWOOD. (L.S.)