IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANDLE LAMPS
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PALMER, of Sutton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourth day of March, in the fifth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Palmer, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said William Palmer, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Palmer, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANDLE
LAMPS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the
the said William Palmer, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Palmer, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):
My Invention relates, first, to a mode of applying candles to carriage lamps
by using separate tubes to contain the candles; and, secondly, my Invention
relates to a mode of applying air to candle lamps to support combustion.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to explain the Drawing hereunto annexed,
in the various Figures of which the same letters indicate similar parts.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
my
Figure 1 represents a carriage lamp having the first part of Invention
applied thereto. Figures 2 and 3 shew two views of the separate tube used for
receiving the candle. It is well known, in constructing candle lamps used as
carriage lamps, that the tubes in which the candles are placed form parts of the
lainps, consequently it is very difficult to cleanse the same, and it is necessary
to apply heat to melt the matters of which the candles used have been com-
posed in order to cleanse the interior of the tube, but such hent cannot be
applied to the candle tube without applying it more or less to the whole lamp,
and according to the ordinary construction of such candle lamps thero is con-
siderable difficulty in placing candles in the tubos. Now, by the present
improvements, the lamps are made with separate tubes for receiving the
candles, which are introduced into the lamps, when containing candles, from
below upwards; thus, will tho introduction of candles into such lamps be
facilitated, and at the same time the candle tubes, being separated from the
other parts of the lamps, can be more readily and conveniently cleansed. a, a,
is the tube for receiving a candle, such tube containing a spring in the usual
way; the nozzle b is removed when introducing a candlo, such nozzle being
affixed in the ordinary manner. c is a tube affixed to the under part of the
lamp, as is shewn. The tube containing the candle is introduced up this tube c,
and there is a stud d affixed on the inside of the tube c at the upper part there-
of, and in the collar or projecting band formed on the outside of the tube a is a
notch a formed, which on forcing up tho tube a will allow the collar, or raised
projecting ring in which the notch a' is formed, to pass the stud d, then by
turning the tubo a partly round, the notch a' will come opposite the stud d,
and that stud d will enter such notch a³, when the tube a is caused to descend
a short distance, thus will the tube a be securely held in its place within the
tubo c.
I would, however, remark that I do not confine myself to such mode

page_text: of fixing the tubo a within the tube c, this part of my Invention relating to the
application of separate tubes.a for a candle into that class of candle lamps
which are used for carriages.
Figure 1 also shews the mode of carrying out the second part of my
5. Invention, whereby the air for combustion is introduced from below the
nozzle and conducted up to the nozzle. e, e, is a cone which surrounds
the nozzle of the lamp and descends down below it, consequently the supply of
air for combustion comes from below upwards, and will tend to cool the tubo
and nozzle containing the candle, and will then rise up and supply the flame
O with the requisite quantity for combustion. In thus using a conical external
tube for conducting the air up to support combustion, I have found that the
upper part of the cone or tube e should not rise above the nozzle but be level
with it, and that the space between the cone and the nozzle should be three-
sixteenths of an inch at the upper part, but the cone e may rise slightly above
or come slightly below the level of the nozzle without materially altering the
effect; and further, the space between the nozzle and the cone may be slightly
enlarged without materially altering the effect, but such spaco should not
exceed half an inch. f. f, are openings into the cone, to allow the atmospheric
air from without to pass into the lamp through the cone e, e.
The second part of my Invention is also applicable to candle lamps of other
constructions,. and I.have shown it applied at Figure 4 to a table lamp, and in
Figures 5, 6, and 7 to a candle lamp to be used as a lantern. In each of
these Figures the cone for introducing the air is indicated by the letter e,
and it will be seen that the cone e supports the chimney 9 in the table
lamp, Figure 4, and the cone e supports the glass of the lantern, Figures 5,
6, and 7, so that very little air can pass to the flame, excepting that which
passes up through the cone e. The manner of introducing the air into the
cones e by means of the holes f is clearly shown in the Drawings.
I would remark that I am aware that air for supporting combustion has
been introduced by means of external tubes or cones surrounding the burners
of gas lamps, and such has also been the case in respect to lamps for con-
suming oil; in the latter case the object has been to deflect the air upon the
flames formed below the point where the air is deflected; I do not therefore
claim such means of introducing air generally to lamps, but do confine this part
of my Invention to candle lamps. And I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details shewn and described, provided that
the peculiar character of either of the improvements be retained; but what
I claim is,―
First, the mode of constructing candle lamps for carriage lamps, whereby

page_text: there are tubes employed for receiving the candles, which are separato from
the other parts of the lamps, as above described.
And, secondly, I claim the mode of introducing air to candle lamps, as
above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Palmer, have hereunto set my 5
hand and seal, this Second day of September; in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
W (L.B.) PALMER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Second day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1842, the aforesaid William Palmer came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Third day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-two.