Improvements in Heating and Lighting Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 13th Nov., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heating and Lighting Apparatus.
I, VICTOR JACQUES ROGER, of 77, Avenue de Clichy, Paris, France, Inventor,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to heating and lighting apparatus, the object being to
provide an improved heater or lamp, in which the expansion of any suitable gas
is employed to force burnable liquid such as petroleum, under pressure into a
vaporization-chamber, in which the burnable liquid employed will be converted
to vapor and then passed to consumption.
My invention is particularly applicable to lamps, in which burnable liquid is
employed to produce light, and to this end, I provide improved burners in
combination with vaporization-chambers, to be readily and easily secured to
and removed from the lamp as desired.
The improvements consist in the novel construction, arrangement and operation
of parts, fully described hereinafter and specifically pointed out in the claims.
And in order that this my invention may be the more readily understood and
carried into practical effect, reference is hereby made to the accompanying illus-
trative drawings, in which like numerals refer to like parts throughout all the
figures.
Fig. 1 is a central section of my compressed gas-generator or gas-holder.
Fig. 2 is a general view of the apparatus complete.
Fig. 3 is a central section of an improved burner for lamps, the section being
on line of Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the burner shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3b is a detail plan view of diaphragm.
Fig. 4 shows an elevation of the burner shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 3.
Figs. 5 and 5 are a central section and a side elevation respectively of modifica-
tion of the burner.
Fig. 6 is a central section of the blower or regulator.
Figs. 7 and 7 are a side elevation and a plan view respectively of a multiple
burner-head.
Figs. 8 and S are a central longitudinal section and a top plan view respec-
tively of a two way cock for lamps.
Fig. 9 shows a device for automatically opening the admission of petroleum
after the burner has been heated sufficiently.
Fig. 10 is a central sectional view of my improved petroleum or other burnable
liquid lamp complete.
One feature of my invention consists in providing means for employing the
expansion of any suitable gas to force burnable liquids under pressure to
burners.
Another feature of my invention consists in providing improved burners

page_text: having two furnaces, the lower one of which serving to burn the heavier portion
of the mixture for heating the vaporization-chamber and superheating the
remaining portion of said mixture, so that the heat of the lighting flame will
not be reduced and the gaseous mixture raised to the highest possible tem-
perature before burning the same, whereby the heat of the produced flame and
therefore the intensity of lighting or heating will be highly increased.
The improved apparatus may be made portable or not, and comprises (1) the
compressed gas-generator or compressed gas-holder; (2) the petroleum or burn-
able liquid reservoir; and (3) the burners and other attachments.
I will now describe each of the parts and devices of my invention, reference
being had to the several views of the accompanying drawings, showing the in-
vention as applied to a portable petroleum-lamp, and a general view (Fig. 2)
of a larger apparatus for supplying petroleum to a number of lamps or heaters.
Referring particularly to Fig. 1, showing the compressed gas generator, which
may be made of any form, dimensions and capacity, 1 represents a tube-section
of sufficient strength to withstand the strain to which it is submitted in operation;
the lower end of said tube-section is closed, and the upper end is externally
threaded to receive the internally threaded end of a second tube-section 2,
adapted to be so removably secured on tube-section 1 as to have a perfect smooth
inner surface as shown. The upper end of tube-section 2 is of less diameter than
the body thereof and recessed to form a valve-chamber 3, in which I dispose
any suitable valve 4, held on its seating 5 by a coil-spring or equivalent 6, and
provided with a tubular extension or nipple 7, extending through a corresponding
hole in seating 5, and serving to bring the valve away from its seating when in
position as in Fig. 10. Said reduced end of tube-section 2 is externally threaded
to receive an internally threaded shorter tube-section 8, having a shoulder 8
serving to hold seating 5 in place, said tube-section 8 serving to connect the
generator with the pressure releasing device shown in Fig. 10. At the center of
the generator is a long tube 9 open at both ends and tightly secured to one
end of tube-section 2, said tube serving to lead the produced gas to the valve-
chamber 3. Slidably held on said tube 9 is a perforated diaphragm 10, the
purpose of which will presently appear. Thus constructed, the generator may be
employed for producing any suitable gas such as: oxygen, hydrogen, acetylene,
carbonic acid gas or the like. If carbonic acid gas is to be produced for
instance by the action of tartaric acid on bicarbonate of soda, the latter is prefer-
ably compressed to form a hard stick or pencil.
The operation of the generator is as follows: After having taken the two
parts 1 and 2 thereof apart, the tartaric acid is shed into tube section 1, and
the bicarbonate of soda placed into tube-section 2, when the latter will be again
screwed on tube-section 1; thus the generator will be ready for use, and produce
carbonic gas as soon as it is reversed so that tube section 1 forms the upper part
and tube-section 2 the lower part, whereby said tartaric acid will be poured
through diaphragm 10 upon the bicarbonate of soda, to combine therewith and
evolve carbonic gas. The parts being assembled and the generator held in position
as in Fig. 1, said diaphragm serves to hold the bicarbonate of soda out of
contact with the tartaric acid and prevent the production of gas when not in
use. In operation the produced gas will flow through tube 9 and valve 4 (then
open) into any suitable pressure releasing or regulating apparatus (Fig. 10),
and thence into the petroleum-reservoir, to force petroleum out therefrom.
I may also employ a tube containing liquid carbonic acid gas, to be substituted
for the above described gas-generator, said tube then being combined with a
suitable pressure-regulating device.
Petroleum-reservoir. The petroleum-reservoir may be made of any preferred
form, dimensions and capacity. The invention being applied to larger stationary
apparatus, said reservoir may be made of a cylindrical casing 11, having a cover 12
with an opening 13, tightly closed and serving to fill the reservoir.
pressed gas enters the latter through pipe 14 and forces petroleum out there-
The com-

page_text: from through pipe 15, having branches to lead said petroleum to the several
lamps or heaters. The reservoir is preferably provided with a gauge 16, to
indicate the level of petroleum within said reservoir.
In portable lamps the petroleum reservoir will be manifestly made of corre-
sponding form and capacity, as shown in Fig. 10 and described hereinafter.
Burners. The burners may be made of various forms within the scope of
my invention; I will show here three preferred forms of burners adapted to be
employed either for heating or lighting purposes. Referring to Figs. 3 and 3
of the drawings, the burner is composed of a boiler or vaporization-chamber 17,
in the form of a tube, the lower end of which is slightly curved as shown and
carries a cup 18, serving to receive a small quantity of petroleum for heating
the burner before lighting. To said lower end of tube 17 is removably secured
a tube-section 19, having a screw-nut 20 to secure the burner to the feed-pipe
thereof. The upper end of tube 17 is soldered or otherwise secured to an
annulus 21, forming a vapor-chamber, where the petroleum-vapors are dried and
superheated before passing through a tube 22, leading the vapors downwards into
a blower or regulator, composed of a suitable casing 23 (see Fig. 6), having both
ends open and the lower end closed by a perforated plug 24, through which
passes a rod 25, the upper end of which terminates in a point and extends into
the mouth 26 of the blower or regulator: said rod has a threaded portion 27,
turning in a correspondingly threaded hole of a brace 28, holding the regulator
securely in place. The regulating rod 25 may be raised or lowered to partially
and completely close the passage of vapors through mouth 26, by rotating the
same by means of a handle or equivalent 29, secured to the lower end of said
rod. The blower or regulator thus described discharges the vapors into a Bunsen-
burner 30, the end of which carries a horizontal tube 31; the ends of the
latter are provided with circular holes 32 (Fig. 3), adapted to be partially or
completely closed by correspondingly apertured caps 33, revolubly held on said
tube-ends and serving to regulate the admission of air into the Bunsen-burner.
When leaving the latter the mixture of air and vapors will be thrown against
a diaphragm 34, preferably made as shown in Fig. 3b, and secured to the upper
end of casing 35, whereby air and vapors will be perfectly mixed within said
casing or chamber 35. The latter is closed at its lower end and provided with
two or more series of perforations 36, and a suitable grating 37, both passed
through by the heavier portions of said mixture, which heavier portions thus
enter an annular cup 38, located underneath the above-named annulus 21, and
within which such heavy portions will be burnt to heat boiler or chamber 17
and superheat the remaining portions of said mixture. The latter portions will
pass into the burner-head 39, suitably secured on the upper-end of casing 35
and closed by a perforated plate or equivalent 40, on which the flame is produced
for lighting.
The burner shown in Fig. 10 of the drawings is but slightly different from
that already described. The boiler 17 of Fig. 3, 3 and 4, is replaced by two
straight tubes 171, the lower ends of which are soldered together in cup 18, and
the annulus 21 is replaced by an annular chamber 211 formed at the bottom of
cup 38. In both cases the blower or regulator of the burner is supported by
a brace 41, (Figs. 4 and 10), soldered to cup 38 and serving to heat said regulator
sufficiently to prevent condensation of vapors.
Figs. 5 & 5 show another modifications of the burner. The boiler or vaporiza-
tion-chamber is formed of a straight upright tube 17", placed in center of the
burner, and within said tube is arranged the above described blower or regulator
consisting of rod 25, screwing into a perforated threaded plug 42 at the upper
end of said tube 17, the lower end of which is tightly closed as shown. The
petroleum or other burnable liquid enters the boiler through tube 19. As will
be seen the regulator and boiler are in line with the above described Bunsen-
burner, the horizontal parts of which extend through casing 35. The bottom of
the latter is formed by an upwardly and horizontally turned part as shown,

page_text: the upwardly turned portion being provided with perforations 30, for the
purpose already set forth. The cup 18 is here suitably secured to
the central part of boiler 17" as shown. Within the burner-head 39 is
journaled a diaphragm 43, adapted to be rotated by means of handle 44 to
partially or completely intercept passage of vapors.
If it is desired to produce a number of flames with the above described burners,
the burner-head 39 may be replaced by a multiple burner-head of any preferred
form as for instance that shown in Figs. 7 and 7 of the drawings.
Having thus described the main parts of my invention, I will show the same
as applied to a petroleum-lamp with reference to Fig. 10 of the accompanying
drawings. The main body 45 of the lamp, made of any desired form, dimensions
and material, serves as a petroleum-reservoir, and is provided with an inner
tubular casing 46, receiving the compressed gas-generator or holder shown in
Fig. 1. The compressed gas passes through any suitable pressure-regulator 47,
and thence through upright tube 48 into the upper part of said body or re-
servoir 45, to act upon the surface of the petroleum contained therein and
force the same out through upright tube 49, the upper end of which is secured to
nipple 50 of a two-way cock, the free or lower end of said tube 49 being but short
distance above the bottom of reservoir 45. Said two way cock (see Figs. S
and 8), may be of any suitable construction, but provided with depending
nipples 50 and 51, and upwardly projecting nipple 52, the petroleum passing
through nipple 50 and nipple 52 into the boilers 171, 171 removably secured to
nipple 52 by means of screw-nut 20 as shown. In operation the passage through
nipples 50 and 52 must always be open, while the same will be turned off and
the passage through nipples 52 and 51 opened after extinguishing the flame of
the lamp, whereby the petroleum and vapors contained in the burner and boilers,
are allowed to flow downwards there-through and through tube 53 into a con-
denser 54 provided in the upper part of the body of the lamp as shown. Said
condenser has an outlet 55 through which the petroleum and condensated vapors
enter the reservoir 45. In order to enable the reservoir 45 to be easily filled, the
same is made of two-parts removably secured together at 56 in any suitable
The pressure-regulator 47 is provided with a suitable safety-valve 57 of
any preferred construction and regulated so as to prevent explosion.
way.
The admission of petroleum may be automatically opened when the burner is
sufficiently heated by means of the device shown in Fig. 9, and embodying a
closed reservoir 58, partly filled with water and heated at the same time as the
burner, said reservoir or boiler being connected to a tubular coil 59, the free
end of which is closed and pivotally secured to શ link 60, which
in turn is pivotally secured to valve-stem 61 suitably guided in any
preferred way, and normally closing the petroleum passage 62. As
soon as the water in reservoir 5S is raised to determinate heat
the pressure produced by steam has tendency to open coil 59, whereby
link 60 and valve-stem 61 will be drawn upwards when the passage 62 becomes
free.
a
As it is evident that many changes in the construction and relative arrange-
ment of parts might be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope
of my invention, I would have it understood that I do not restrict myself to the
particular construction and arrangement of parts, shown and described, but that
such changes and equivalents may be substituted therefor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A compressed gas generator or holder, comprising two parts, removably
secured together, one part having a suitable valve-chamber and normally closed
valve, and means for holding said valve away from its seating when the
generator or holder is in operation, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: 2. A tubular compressed gas-generator or holder, made of two parts removably
secured together, one part having reduced end suitably recessed to receive a
normally closed valve, provided with a nipple or equivalent extending through ar
aperture in the valve-seating, said reduced end receiving a removable short
tube-section, substantially as and for the purpose set froth.
3. An improved burner comprising: a suitable boiler or vaporization-chamber,
a blower or regulator, a Bunsen-burner, a chamber around the latter, a suitable
burner-head and means for readily securing said burner to the feed-pipe thereof,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. In an improved burner, the combination with a tubular boiler or vaporiza-
tion-chamber, an annular vapor-chamber and a regulator connected thereto, of
a Bunsen-burner having means for controlling the admission of air, a chamber
around said Bunsen-burner and provided with one or more series of perforations
at its lower end, and an annular cup around said perforations all substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In an improved burner, the combination with a tubular boiler or vaporiza-
tion-chamber, an annular vapor-chamber and a blower or regulator connected
thereto, of a Bunsen burner in line with said regulator and having means for
controlling the admission of air, a chamber around said Bunsen-burner and pro-
vided with perforations at its lower end, an annular cup around said perforations,
a diaphragm or equivalent having portions cut away and secured to the upper
end of said chamber, a suitable burner-head above said diaphragm, means for
heating said boiler or vaporization-chamber before lighting and means for remov-
ably securing the burner to the feed-pipe thereof, all substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
6. In an improved burner, the combination with a tubular boiler or vaporiza-
tion-chamber, and a blower or regulator arranged within said boiler or vaporiza-
tion-chamber, of a Bunsen-burner having means for controlling the admission
of air, a chamber around said Bunsen-burner having its lower end turned up-
wardly and horizontally and provided with perforations, a suitable diaphragm or
equivalent secured at the upper end of said chamber, a burner-head above said
diaphragm, and means for partly or completely intercept the passage of vapors in
said burner-head, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
7. In a petroleum or other burnable liquid lamp, the combination with the
main body or reservoir of the lamp, of a compressed gas-generator or holder
within said reservoir, a suitable pressure regulating device at the outlet of said
generator or holder, a burner above said main body or reservoir, and intermediate
means for leading petroleum or the like from said reservoir to said burner,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
8. In a portable petroleum or other burnable liquid lamp, the combination
with the main body or reservoir of the lamp, of a compressed gas-generator or
holder within said reservoir, a suitable pressure regulating device at the outlet
of said generator or holder, an upwardly turned tube extending from said
regulating device into the upper part of said reservoir, an upright tube leading
petroleum or the like into a suitable cock, and a burner having a vaporization-
chamber and removably secured to said cock, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
9. In a portable petroleum or other burnable liquid lamp, the combination of
a two-way cock, located above the main body of the lamp and adapted to lead
petroleum either from the reservoir to the burner of the lamp or from the latter
into a suitable condenser, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
10. In a portable petroleum or other burnable liquid lamp the combination of
a condenser of suitable capacity, located at the upper part of and within the
reservoir of the lamp, and provided with a suitable outlet-cock, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
15. In a lamp or heater of the character described, the combination of a
device for automatically open the admission of petroleum or other burnable liquid,

page_text: embodying a closed water-reservoir, a coiled tube connected thereto, a link
pivotally secured to the free end of said coiled tube and to a valve-stem, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 18th day of February 1899.
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M.Inst.C.E., M.I.Mech. E.,
Chartered Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Associate Agent.