Improvements in Automatic Photographic Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1899
Complete Specification Left 20th Mar 1000 Accented
20th Lum
4000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Automatic Photographic Apparatus.
I, JULIUS EUGENE GREGORY, of 251, West 23rd Street, New York City, in
the County and State of New York, United States of America, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to automatic photographic apparatus whereby photo-
graphs may be taken and automatically developed and delivered complete, the
said apparatus consisting of a machine for taking photographs in which the
foremost of the cards or other sensitized surfaces contained in a magazine and
pressed forwards to position for exposure, is after exposure removed by trans-
ferring mechanism such as a slide, to a vertical position in front of a developing
cell which is then advanced and caused by flexible edges with which it is pro-
vided, to make liquid-tight contact with the face of the card whereupon develop-
ing, washing, and fixing liquids are in turn supplied from storage tanks by
means of pivoted dippers having tubular arms through which, when in the
inclined position, the liquid flows to the cell which is emptied between different
charges, and is finally removed from the card to permit the latter to be dis-
charged from the machine.
The opening and closing of the exposure aperture is effected automatically
by the act of inserting the magazine, the starting of the actuating mechanism
of the developing and fixing apparatus being effected by the release of the
hand-controlled bar by which the exposure is made so that the exposure may
be varied at will. The mechanism is completely enclosed in the box or casing
of the camera, and comprises a card-holding magazine, tanks for developing and
washing liquids, and sets of mechanisms by which the operations of developing
and washing are automatically performed and the photograph ejected. The
cards are spring pressed up to the exposure aperture which, as well as the
corresponding sensitized surface occupies but a comparatively small part of the
face of the card in the centre of its length towards the lower side. The maga-
zine is inserted from the rear into a cell in which it fits and before insertion
its exposure aperture is closed by a slide which in the act of insertion is drawn
through flexible connection with another slide on top of the magazine which
engages a fixed lug on the cell so that when the magazine is put in place the
slide is raised before the magazine reaches its normal position, the slide being
permitted to drop and close the aperture when the magazine is withdrawn. In
front of this aperture is the tube carrying the photographic exposure shutter,
the lens tube being in alignment with said tube. The mechanism is operated
from an electric or other motor driven cam shaft, the speed being reduced by
train of gearing between the motor and cam shaft and the entire operation of
developing and discharging a picture being accomplished in one revolution
of said shaft.
The transfer of the foremost card after exposure is effected by a spring-
actuated slide mounted in the magazine cell and having wings adapted to enter
lots in the magazine and to push the foremost card down through a slot at the
inderside. The .slide is raised and its springs put in tension by belt gear from

page_text: the main shaft, and is released at a given movement by a trip device and drawn
down suddenly by its springs carrying with it the exposed card. The card after
discharge occupies a vertical position with its sensitized surface immediately
opposite the open side of a developing cell. Normally the motor is inoperative
and is set in operation by a push rod connected with and operating the exposure
shutter, the length of exposure being determined by the operator, holding the
push rod pressed in, the setting-in motion of the motor mechanism being deter-
mined by the push rod when released acting to disengage a locking pawl from
a notched locking disc fast on the cam shaft, this disengagement being effected
by a pawl on the push, ród which, when the push rod is released, engages with
and throws back the detent. The detent carries a spring forming part of an
electric circuit closer for the battery circuit through the motor which circuit
is closed by this movement of the detent and remains closed through the detent
resting on the periphery of the locking disc throughout its revolution until the
disc is again locked by the detent falling into its notch and breaking the
circuit.
The first operation of the mechanism on being started after making the
exposure, is to operate the transferring slide by which the exposed card is
transferred from the magazine into position in front of the developing cell.
This cell is formed by a block carrying a forwardly projecting rectangular rim
or lip of elastic material not affected by the chemicals, and the cell is mounted
on guides, is retracted by springs, and advanced by a cam acting directly on it
and operated step-by-step through ratchet gear actuated by crank, link, and lever
connections from a cam on the cam shaft whereby at proper moments the cell
is advanced until its lip is pressed into liquid-tight contact with the face of the
card, or retracted. The cell is provided with a receiving mouth at top and a
discharge valve at bottom, both communicating with the cavity of the cell.
The liquids are contained in tanks each provided with a dipper bowl carried by
a tubular arm pivoted at the edge of the tank so that when the dipper is raised,
the contents will be discharged through the arm into a delivery pipe leading to
the mouth of the cell. The dippers are raised by springs and depressed by
cams on the main cam shaft acting on the dippers through link and lever con-
nections the distribution of the several cams being such that the operations of
the dippers are consecutive. The discharge valve of the cell is also operated
from the main cam shaft through cam and lever connections and its action is
timed in relation to the dipper-operating mechanism, to suit the requirements
of the developing operations.
The delivery of the finished picture through an aperture at the side of the
apparatus normally closed by a door is effected by a transversely guided slide
block which when in operative position engages the card. The block is moved
in opposite directions through cords, the one connected to a pulley on the main
shaft and in connection therewith by ratchet gear provided with means of
release at a certain moment in the revolution of said shaft, and the other cord
wound on a double pulley on the shaft which operates the transferring slide and
in connection with said shaft through ratchet gear provided with means of
disengagement at a given moment the double pulley being in connection by a
cord with a spring barrel which is wound up by the movement of the slide block
to operative position, and which at the moment of release of the ratchet gear
quickly moves the slide block and causes it to discharge the finished card
through the aperture. The door which closes said aperture spring closed and
just before the card is discharged is opened by a cam and held open by a latch
which is released by the action of the sliding block, whereby the card is dis-
charged on said block completing its stroke.

page_text: Improvements in Automatic Photographic Apparatus.
I, JULIUS EUGENE GREGORY, of 251, West 23rd Street, New York City, in
the County and State of New York, United States of America, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention relates to automatic photographic apparatus whereby photo-
graphs may be taken and automatically developed and delivered complete at
the end of the process.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding.
parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a front sectional elevation of the apparatus ;
Figure 2 is a side elevation with the casing in section;
Figure 3 is a side elevation and partial section taken from the opposite side
of that used for Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a central longitudinal sectional clevation;
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation taken through the developing cell, showing
the cell in a different position from that occupied in Figure 4;
Figure is a front sectional elevation taken just back of the lens and the
operating cams;
Figures 7 and 8 are elevations and partial sections showing the device for
starting the operative mechanism in two different positions;
Figure 9 is a section (on line 9--9 Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the
arrows) showing the connection with the governor, and the means for releasing
the device which removes the card;
Figures 10 and 11 are sectional plans showing in different positions, the
mechanism by which the door is opened and closed through which the card is
ejected; and
Figure 12 is a detail showing in plan view the dipper by which the various
liquids are taken from their tanks and discharged into the developing cell.
My device has been herein shown as enclosed within a box or casing C which
completely covers the operating mechanism. The mechanism comprises a card
holder or magazine within which are placed the cards having each a sensitized
surface upon which the photograph is produced,. and means for feeding the
cards to the points where they are exposed. It also comprises a series of tanks
containing the liquids used in developing the photograph and water for washing
the same.
It further comprises a set of mechanisms by which the various
operations of treating the card with the proper solutions and washing the same
are automatically accomplished, and the card then discharged from the device.
The magazine or card holder A consists of a box which, as herein shown, is
of rectangular shape and has a follower A¹ therein pressing against the rear
edge of the cards A³, said follower being held against the cards by means of a
spring A2 which may be of any convenient or desired construction. As herein
shown the sensitized surface of the card occupies but comparatively small part,
of the face of the card, being located in the centre of its length and at one side
thereof. The location of this sensitized surface may be clearly seen in Figure 6
in which the card A³ is shown in outline by dotted lines, and the portion thercof
which is sensitized being that part of the card which would be seen through the
tube D which has a shutter D³ (Figure 4) normally closing the outer end
thereof.
!

page_text: Upon the forward end of the box A forming the magazine is mounted a
plate a which is free to slide in vertical guides . This plate is connected by
means of a cord or other flexible member at with a slide a² which is mounted
to slide within a longitudinal groove formed in the upper side of the maga-
zine A. The magazine is placed in position within the casing by being slid
from the rear end into a cell C¹.which is of such a size as to closely embrace the
same. From the under surface of the top of this cell projects a small lug C²
which is so located as to enter the slot and thus to engage the slide a² so
that when the magazine is put in place the plate is automatically raised before
the magazine reaches its normal position thus exposing the outermost card of
the series.
When the magazine is withdrawn from the casing the plate a is
permitted to drop so as to close the opening a through which the sensitized
surface is exposed by reason of the fact that as the magazine is withdrawn, the
slide a is released from engagement with the projection C. It will thus be
impossible to remove the magazine from the casing without closing the door
through which the exposure is made.
The lenses L and L are mounted within a tube L2 which is in line with the
tube D and shutter D³. The forward end of the lens tube extends to or near a
corresponding opening in the front side of the casing, the person whose picture
is to be taken being placed in front of this opening before the mechanism is
started in operation.
The mechanism by which the device is operated is actuated by means of cams
which are located upon a cross shaft C3 which lies in the forward part of the
machine. The entire operation of developing and discharging a picture is
accomplished during one revolution of the shaft C³. This shaft is turned by
means of a small electric motor M or by any other kind of motor which may
be found suitable. The position of this motor is clearly shown in Figures 1
and 2. The speed of the motor is geared down to the shaft C3 by the following
means:
Upon the shaft of the motor is placed a small pulley m over which passes a
belt m which passes over a grooved wheel B, said wheel being loosely mounted
upon the shaft C³. To one side of the wheel B is secured a pinion m² which
meshes with a gear wheel m³ located upon a shaft m. Upon this same shaft
is mounted a pinion which meshes with a gear m secured to the shaft C3 and
turning the same. The speed of rotation of the motor is controlled by means of
a governor O¹ which is connected therewith by means of a belt 0.
In the forward end of the magazine A, or that end next to the lens, are
formed two slots a (Figure 2) located upon opposite sides and in line with
the forward card A³. Mounted to slide in suitable vertical guides upon the
forward end of the magazine casing is a plate E which has two extensions E³
adapted to enter the slots 6 in the magazine and engage the ends of the
forward card to force the same downward and out of the magazine, the magazine
being for this purpose provided with a slot extending across its under side,
permitting the passage of the card. The position of the wings E3 of this plate
relative to the card is shown by the dotted lines in Figure 6. The card after
being discharged from the magazine occupies the position shown at A4 in
Figures 4 and 5, the sensitized portion of the card lying immediately in front of
the developing cell H. The plate E is provided with arms E¹ at each end to
which are secured springs E2 which extend downward and are secured at any
convenient point upon the frame of the machine so that when the means by
which the plate is held in its raised position are disengaged, the plate will be
quickly forced downward carrying the card with it. The plate is raised and
held in elevated position by means of cords which pass over grooved pulleys B¹
two of these cords and pulleys being used one for each end of the plate. These
pulleys are secured to a shaft B which is journaled in the frame work C. This
shaft is turned by means of a belt b1 which passes over a pulley B³ secured to
the shaft B, and a pulley 62 which is mounted upon the main shaft C³. This

page_text: pulley 63 is not fixedly secured to the shaft but is held to turn with the shaft
by means of a ratchet mechanism which is disengaged at the proper moment
so as to permit the springs E to draw the plate downward. This mechanism
is shown in Figure 2 and consists of a wheel which is fixedly secured to the
shaft C3 and has a single projecting tooth adapted to engage the toothed pawl 6³
said pawl being pivoted upon the side of the wheel 62. This pawl has an out-
wardly extending arm which is adapted to be engaged by an arm b' secured to
the frame of the device so that when in the rotation of the shaft C³ the outer
end of the pawl engages with the arm 6 the wheel 2 will be freed from the
main shaft and be allowed to rotate backward under the influence of the
spring E. When this occurs the plate E will be quickly drawn downward
carrying with it the outer card A3 which has been exposed.
Normally the motor is inoperative and is set in operation by the mechanism
which is shown in detail in Figures 7 and 8 as well as in Figures 1 and 4. The
bar I) is mounted to slide in suitable guides and has its upper end projecting
through a small slot in the upper side of the casing C. This bar D has an armı
to which is secured a rod Di which lies parallel with the bar D and slides
through an opening in an arm 1 which is secured to the framework C of the
machine. Between the two arms is placed a spiral spring D² which normally
holds the bar D raised. The bar D) has a slotted arm 16 which engages a pin
upon a lever D* which is pivoted at 17 to the frame of the machine. The outer
end of this lever is connected with the shutter so that when the bar D) is
pressed downward the shutter D is also pressed downward, thus causing an
exposure of the sensitized card. The length of this exposure is determined by
the operator, being varied according to the circumstances, so that a good
exposure may be had whether the light is strong or weak.
The mechanism of the apparatus is set in oneration by means of the bar D
although not by the downward movement of said bar.
An arm is secured to the frame of the machine and carries a contact
post which is connected by means of a wire 12 to one side of a battery through
motor M. A lever is pivoted upon the frame and has a spring contact
bar secured thereto. This lever, or any other suitable part of the mechanisni
is connected with the wire leading to the other side of the battery. The
lever has a tooth upon its under surface normally engaging a notch
formed in the periphery of a disk secured to the shaft C. This disk is
provided with only a single notch so that the mechanism is always held in the
same position when not in use. Upon the lower portion of the reciprocating
bar D is pivoted a pawl which, at its upper end, is provided with a tooth
adapted to fit beneath the outer end of the lever ³, said lever for the purpose
of engaging this pawl, having its outer end bent to one side. A spring
which is secured to the lower end of the bar I normally acts upon the pawl
so as to throw its upper end beneath the end of the lever 3. In its normal
or inoperative position the pawl 8 is held, as shown in Figure 7, by the engage-
ment of a side arm 10 with a stationary pin . When the bar is forced down
ward the side arm 10 is freed from engagement with the, pin, and the
spring throws the upper end of the pawl beneath the lever so that as the
bar I rises the upper portion of the pawls will engage the under surface of
the lever and raise the tooth thereof out of the notch d in the disk d,
thus freeing the shaft C3 and at the same time making electrical contact between
the spring arm and the pin . The motor will thus be set into operation
and the mechanism started. The tooth rests upon the upper surface of the
disk d while the same is being revolved, thus insuring an unbroken circuit
until the disk d is brought back to the position shown in Figure 7 when the
spring which acts upon the lever forces the tooth thereof into the notch
in the disk and stops the mechanism. The two positions of these parts are
shown in the two Figures, 7 and 8.
It will be seen by examination of Figure 2 that the pawl 63,, which locks the

page_text: wheels to the shaft C3, is in such position that a very slight movement of
the shaft or wheel will cause said pawl to free the wheel 62 by its engagement
with the fixed arm . The first operation of the mechanism, therefore, after.
making the exposure, is to free the slide E and transfer the card from the
magazine downward in front of the developing cell. This developing cell consists
of a frame H3 (Figure 5) within which is mounted to slide a block H upon the
face of which is secured a rectangular band H which is of soft rubber or some
similar material, so that when pressed against the face of the card, it will form
a water tight joint. The band should be made of a material which will not be
affected by the chemicals used in developing the photograph. The cell is pro-
vided with rearwardly extending arms or pins which pass through guided open-
ings in the frame H³. I have herein shown a central pin which is adapted
to be engaged by the cam H+ so as to advance the cell into engagement with
the card, and in addition two other pins which extend entirely through the
guides in the frame and are surrounded by spiral springs which act to with-
draw the cell from engagement with the card. The cell is provided with an
opening in its upper portion which is adapted to receive the liquids by which
the cards are developed. This communicates with the space which is enclosed
by the band H. The valve H2 is placed in the lower portion of the cell and is
adapted to discharge the liquid contents of the cell.
The next step in the process after the lowering of the card into position in
front of the cell, is to advance the cell into contact with said card. This is
accomplished by giving the cam H a quarter turn. This cam is mounted upon
a shaft to which is secured a ratchet disk J (Figure 1) said disk being provided
with four teeth. These teeth are engaged by a pawl J mounted upon a disk Ja
which is mounted to turn upon the same shaft as that carrying the cam H4.
This disk is oscillated by means of a lever J (Figure 4) which is pivoted at one
end to the frame C and at its other end is connected by means of a link J³
with a crank pin upon the disk J2. The lever Jis provided with an arm or
dog J5 which engages the periphery of a cam K secured upon the shaft C.
When the lever J is raised the cam H is turned thereby so as to advance the
cell into contact with the card. At the completion of the washing operation
the arm J5 which engages the periphery of the cam, drops into a second notch
formed therein and is then raised out giving the cam H another quarter turn
and thereby permitting the cell H to be withdrawn from the card by the action
of the springs h³.
A number of tanks is provided within the casing adapted to hold suitable
chemicals and water by which the card is treated to develop the picture. I have
herein shown four of these tanks T, T1, T2 and T3, although a larger or smaller
number may be used, as desired, the number depending upon the developing
process used. The manner of transferring the contents of these tanks to the
developing cell is clearest shown in Figures 3 and 6, the shape of the dipper
used for this process being shown in detail in Figure 12. The dipper consists
of a hollow arm N¹ which is pivoted at N2 near one upper edge of the tank.
The dipper N is formed as a shallow dish which is secured to the lower end of
the tube N¹. It is evident that if the dipper be swung upon the pivot N³ a small
quantity of the liquid will be caused.to flow into the tube N', and if the swing-
ing operation be continued until the tube N¹ passes above the horizontal, the
liquid will flow out of the end N thereof. A series of pipes N³ is so placed as
to catch the discharge from these tubes and conduct the liquid to the opening h
in the cell. The pivots N2 of these dippers are each provided with an arm N³
to which is secured a spring №6 which acts to raise the dipper and discharge the
contents thereof. The arms №3 are also provided with rods or bars k, k, etc.,
which extend in the direction of the shaft C3 and are provided at their ends
with yokes which embrace said shaft and guide them in their reciprocations.
To these bars or rods are secured arms which engage the peripheries of the

page_text: various cams by means of which the different dippers are controlled. These
cams K, K', K and K (Figure 1) which control the operation of the dippers
are so spaced that their operations are consecutive. The first dipper raises - a
quantity of liquid and discharges it through its pipe N into the developing
cell. After this has remained in the cell a sufficient length of time to properly
affect the card, it is discharged by having the valve H2 opened. The valve-is
immediately closed and the second liquid is discharged into the developing
cell. In this manner the various liquids occupy the developing cell in succes-
sion until the process of developing the picture has been concluded.
The opening and closing of the valve H2 is automatically accomplished by
means of cams and suitable levers which are shown in Figures 1 and 3. The
valve H2 has a crank arm upon one end thereof to which are connected two
links I and I. The link I is pivoted to one end of a lever 13 which has an
arm I engaging the periphery of the cam K³. This lever is held in engagement
with the cam by means of a spring I. The link I is connected with one end
of a lever I which has an arm I engaging the periphery of the cam K. This
is held in, engagement with the cam by gravity and also by the action of the
spring 1. One of these levers and its cam acts to open the valve by pushing
it downward, and the other closes the valve by pulling upward upon the crank
arm. The cams K and K which control these levers have a series of notches
in their peripheries corresponding in number with the number of movements
of the valve. These are properly timed to act in connection with the cams which
control the supply of liquid to the developing cells.
The plate which forces the card downward in front of the developing cell
is raised by the steady forward rotation of the shaft (3 through the action of
the wheel and the belt b₁ so that on the termination of the round of opera-
tions the plate is in elevated position ready for bringing down the second card.
Extending transversely across the machine (near the upper edge of the card
when in its lowermost position) is a guide bar g (Figure 6) whereon is mounted
to slide a block f to which are connected two cords f and that extend in
opposite directions. The cord f passes about a guide pulley fi mounted in
bracket f and then about one half of a double pulley F3 mounted loosely upon
the shaft B but turned by said shaft through the medium of a ratchet wheel e
and pawl e (Figure 9). The ratchet wheel e is secured to the shaft B and
the pawl e is mounted on the pulley F3 and normally held in engagement with
the ratchet e by a spring e2. The pawl has a tail e which when the wheel F³
is rotated meets an arm e pivoted loosely and provided with a tail piece e
whose hooked end engages a fixed bracket so that the arm, et will be rigid in
the one and free to yield in the other direction. When the ratchet wheel e
rotates clockwise (as seen in Figure 9) it carries round wheel F, the arm e
yielding to the tail and the pawl remaining in engagement with the
ratchet e. When however the ratchet e begins to rotate in the opposite direction
the tail of the pawl being then about to come against the arm et which cannot.
yield the pawl is tripped and disengaged from the ratchet e.
G is a wheel fast on shaft B and driving through a train of gearing G¹G² G³,
a shaft G carrying governor balls G to control the velocity of motion pro-
duced by the spring barrel F.
Upon the other half of pulley F3 is wound a cord F2 which extends to a
spring barrel F which acts in opposition to the cord f so that when the
block is moved toward the left, as it is shown in Figure 6, the spring Fi
will be wound up. The cord f³ which extends in the opposite direction from
the block passes around a guide pulley f and then extends to a pulley f³
(Figure 1) which is loosely mounted upon the main shaft C. This pulley has
the ratchet and pawl connection and the means for releasing the same shown in
Figure 2 in connection with the pulley 12, so that when the proper place is
reached in the revolution of the shaft C³ the outer end of the pawl 63 will

page_text: engage the fixed stop 64 and free the pulley f, thus permitting the spring Fi
to quickly draw the block f² toward the right. When this block is in its
extreme position toward the left, as shown in Figure 6, it engages the upper
left hand corner of the card which has just been developed so that when the
pulley is released the card is thereby carried rapidly toward the right and
is discharged through an opening P (Figures 10 and 11) in the side of the
case, said opening being closed by a door P. This door P¹ is pivoted at one
edge of the opening and is normally held closed by means of a spring 12. An
arm P3 is secured to the door and has a link P4 pivoted thereto, said link having
a tooth Ps formed in one side thereof and adapted to engage the bar 16 through
an opening in which the end of the link extends. This opening is of such size
as to permit the tooth P5 to pass through the same if it is given a slight move-
ment to one side. The link P is normally held pressed up against the side of
the opening in the bar Po so that the tooth P will engage the same, by means
of a small spring P which engages the side thereof. A rod P' is mounted to
slide in guides upon the bar Ps and has one end close to the link P so that if
it is given a reciprocation toward the right, as shown in said figure, it will
engage the link P* and free the tooth P, thus permitting the door P to be
closed. The other end of this rod is placed so that it is close to the guide
within which the card slides so that it will be engaged by the block f2 when it
discharges the card.. The card will therefore be discharged through the open-
ing and the door P¹ will then be instantly closed by the block f engaging
the bar P7 and freeing the link P. The door P is opened just prior to the
discharge of the card.
The gear wheel m³ has an arm me secured to one side thereof which engages
the end of the link P5 and forces it backward until the tooth P will engage the
bar P6 to hold the door open. This occurs just prior to the discharge of the
card so that there is no chance of light entering through this door to influence
the sensitive card before exposure or during development.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is.
1. Removing the exposed card or other sensitive body from the magazine by a
transferring mechanism (such as the slide E), substantially as described.
2. Developing the card or other sensitive body while in a vertical position,
substantially as described.
3. Bringing a developing cell (such as H) against the card or its equivalent
after its removal from the magazine, substantially as described.
4. Filling the developing, washing and fixing liquids successively into the
cell (H) and discharging them in the same order, substantially as described.
5. Providing the cell with flexible edges to insure proper contact with the
card or other sensitized body, substantially as described.
6. Filling the cell (H) by means of a pivoted dipper (N) from which the
liquid flows through the hollow handle (N¹) when it is in its inclined position,
substantially as described.
7. Closing and opening the exposure opening (a) automatically, by means of
a slide (a) actuated by connection with another slide (2) which engages a
lug (C) on the casing (C¹) when the magazine is inserted, substantially as
described.
8. Starting the actuating mechanism of the developing and fixing apparatus
by the release of the hand controlled bar (D) by which the exposure is made,
so that the exposure may be varied at will, substantially as described.
9. A machine for taking photographs in which the foremost of the cards or
other sensitized bodies contained in the magazine is after exposure removed
by a transferring mechanism (slide E) to a position in front of a developing
cell (H) which is then advanced to engage its edges with the card, whereupon

page_text: the developing, washing and fixing liquids are in turn discharged from storage
tanks into the cell, the cell being emptied between the different charges, and
being finally removed from the card to permit the latter to be discharged
from the machine.
THIS
OOGT
HOLETT TO
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.