Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Air, Steam, or other Fluids to be Used for Drying or Heating Purposes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 6th July, 1889--Accepted, 14th Sept.. 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Air, Steam, or other Fluids
to be Used for Drying or Heating Purposes.
We BENJAMIN HOWARTH THWAITE, of 37 Victoria Street, Liverpool, in the county
of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, and SAMUEL KNOWLES, of Tottington, near Bury, in the
said County, Calico Printer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be
as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for heating air, steam, or other
fluids to be used for drying textile and other fabrics, materials or substances, for
warming buildings, and for other heating purposes, and our improvements consist,
mainly, in a convenient construction and arrangement of apparatus, in which a mass or
nest of fire brick or other suitable material is highly heated and the heat accumulated in
such materials is transferred to air, steam, or other fluid which, in passing under, over,
or through the heated materials, becomes highly heated and can then be utilised for
drying and heating purposes as above indicated.
The arrangement of our improved apparatus, which we prefer to employ, consists of
a chamber built of fire brick or other suitable refractory material and having within a
series of passages in a nest of brick work. This mass or nest of brickwork is heated
either continuously or intermittently by the combustion of either gaseous, liquid, or
solid fuel but we usually prefer to employ the first named.
We introduce along with the agent for generating heat the air to be heated which
commingling intimately with the products of combustion and, passing through the nest
of brickwork or other heated material, itself becomes highly heated. We also propose
to supply a blast of air or other fluid to be heated through a pipe or tuyere the nozzle
of which enters the mouth of a double-coned passage leading from the above named
chamber into a second chamber preferably of similar construction to that already
described. This air blast as it passes through the cone shaped passage induces an
aspiratory action drawing into the combustion or first named chamber through inlet
openings near the flame the air necessary to support combustion. The products of
combustion and the excess of air in the combustion chamber passing through the cone
shaped passage into the second chamber become thoroughly mixed with the air blast
supply to which part of their heat is transferred and the thorough distribution of the
heat is secured by the passage of the heated air and gases through the passages in the
nest of brickwork in the second chamber from which they are led through a pipe or
passage to the place where they are to be used.
Hit and miss openings are preferably provided at the side of the apparatus to enable
the temperature of the chambers to be ascertained and the necessary valves are
provided to regulate the flow of air and gaseous fuel. A third air (or other fluid)
supply may be introduced at or near the top of the second chamber in some cases as
for instance when a very pure air supply is required.
We may arrange the apparatus so that first one chamber and then the other is
heated, the air to be heated being alternately introduced into one chamber and then
into the other as the heating arrangement is reversed.
Dated this 5th day of October 1888.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Air, Steam, or other Fluids
to be Used for Drying or Heating Purposes. ·
We, BENJAMIN HOWARTH THWAITE, of 37 Victoria Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, and SAMUEL KNOWLES, of Tottington, near Bury, in the
said County, Calico Printer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in apparatus for heating air, steam or other
fluids to be used for drying textile and other fabrics materials or substances, for
warming buildings and for other heating purposes and our improvements consist
mainly in a convenient construction and arrangement of apparatus in which a inass or
nest of fire brick or other suitable material is highly heated and the heat accumulated
in such materials is transferred to air steam or other fluid which in passing under
over or through the heated materials becomes highly heated and can then be utilized
for drying and heating purposes as above indicated.
The arrangement of our improved apparatus which we prefer to employ consists of
a chamber built of fire brick or other suitable refractory material and having within a
series of passages in a nest of brickwork. This mass or nest of brickwork is heated
either continuously or intermittently by the combustion of either gaseous liquid or
solid fuel, but we usually prefer to employ the first named.
We introduce along with the agent for generating heat the air to be heated which
commingling intimately with the products of combustion and passing through the
nest of brickwork or other heated material itself becomes highly heated. We also
propose to supply a blast of air or other fluid to be heated through a pipe or tuyere
the nozzle of which enters the mouth of a double coned passage leading from the
above named chamber into a second chamber preferably of similar construction to
that already described. This air blast as it passes through the cone shaped passage
induces an aspiratory action drawing into the combustion or first named chamber
through inlet openings near the flame the air necessary to support combustion. The
products of combustion and the excess of air in the combustion chamber passing
through the coned shaped passage into the second chamber become throughly mixed
with the air blast supply to which part of their heat is transferred and the thorough
distribution of the heat is secured by the passage of the heated air and gases through
the passages in the nest of brickwork in the second chamber from which they are led
through a pipe or passage to the place where they are to be used.
Hit and miss openings are preferably provided at the side of the apparatus to enable
the temperature of the chambers to be ascertained and the necessary valves are
provided to regulate the flow of air and gaseous fuel. A third air (or other fluid)
supply may be introduced at or near the top of the second chamber in some cases as
for instance when a very pure air supply is required.
We may arrange the apparatus so that first one chamber and then the other is
heated the air to be heated being alternately introduced into one chamber and then
into the other as the heating arrangement is reversed.
.
And in order that our invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect we will describe the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings reference being had
to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of one form of our improved apparatus
for heating air or other fluid to be used for drying or heating purposes.
Figure 2 is a sectional view showing an alternative form of our improved
apparatus.
Figure 3 illustrates the application of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 to heat water
or other liquid in a vat.
Figure 4 is a similar view to Fig. 3 but showing the apparatus applied to a tubular
boiler or similar vessel.

page_text: Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
Referring first to the arrangement illustrated by Fig. 1-a designates the com-
bustion chamber in which heat is generated by the combustion of gaseous fuel such
heat being accumulated in the nest of checker brick work in said chamber and also in
the second chamber 6; c is the burner which is supplied with gas or other gaseous
fuel through the pipe d air to support combustion being admitted through inlet
openings near the flame; e is the aspirator or double coned passage formed in refrac-
tory material and connecting the two chambers a and b and is the tuyere or pipe
through which the second supply of air or other fluid to be heated is forced, the
mouth of the tuyere just entering the mouth of the aspirator e. The air or other
fluid heated in the chambers a and b is conducted from the latter through the
pipe 9.
In Fig. 2-a is the combustion chamber with its burner gas supply pipe d and
air inlet openings a'. In this case the chamber a is shown surrounded with a jacket h
through which air flows and becomes heated before it enters at a¹ through the
openings at the base of the combustion chamber. The aspirator e draws the heated
products of combustion from the chamber a and forces then into an annular space or
chamber i formed in a water or condenser vessel; where the products of combustion
are robbed of their sensible heat.
Fig. 3 shows a similar application of our invention for boiling water or other liquid
in a vat k.
Fig. 4 represents the application of our invention to a tubular boiler or steam or
air heating vessel ; in this case the aspirator e guides the heated products of com-
bustion into the vessel around the tubes through which air or other fluid is forced
to flow.
The products of combustion flow equally around the tubes and escape by the outlet
pipe m.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for heating air steam or other fluids to be used for drying or
heating purposes we claim the arrangement use and application of an aspirator in
combination with a jet of steam air or other fluid under pressure substantially as and
for the purposes herein set forth.
2. The several constructions combinations and arrangements of parts embodying
our improvements in apparatus for heating air steam or other fluids substantially as
and for the purposes herein described and as illustrated by the Drawings annexed.
Dated this Fifth day of July 1880.
H. B. BARLOW,
17, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agent for Applicants.