matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS, AND MATERIALS USED FOR MAKING PAPER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Colin Hunter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January 1857.
I, COLIN HUNTER, of Burnside, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING OR
CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS, AND MATERIALS USED FOR MAKING
PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the bleaching or cleansing of textile fabrics or
materials and materials used for making paper, and has for its object an
increased rapidity and economy in the operation of bleaching or cleansing.
The Invention consists essentially in employing a current or currents of the
electric fluid, generated or excited in any convenient manner by any suitable
apparatus in combination with the chemical agents used in the bleaching pro-
cess in such a manner as to promote, excite, or hasten the chemical action of
such agents upon each other or upon the colouring matters in the materials
which are being bleached.
According to one modification the electric fluid is made to act in a dash-
wheel or rotating chamber containing the materials to be bleached or cleansed,
carbonic acid gas, and chlorine being likewise introduced into such wheel or

page_text: chamber, and steam also if found desirable. Or, the electric fluid may be
employed in various ways, being combined with or acting on any of the various
chemical agents used in bleaching, and being used in conjunction with steam
or without it, and in any form or kind of vessel or chamber.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WARP FABRICS SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ball at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1857.
I, THOMAS BALL, of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WARP FABRICS SUITABLE
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore, in the manufacture of warp fabrics to be cut up and made up into
gloves, it has been usual to make each piece of fabric of a like texture from end
to end, and to cut out the parts of gloves indiscriminately therefrom. Now, the
object of my Invention is so to manufacture glove fabrics in warp machines
that the wrists or bands at the wrists of the gloves made therefrom may be of an
ornamental character, or of a different texture to the other parts of the gloves.
For this purpose, in making a length of warp fabric, which is to be cut and
formed into the fingers and bodies of the gloves, the working of the machinery
is to be as heretofore in order to make a uniform fabric; the working of the
guides and warp threads is then changed, jacquard or other pattern surfaces
being brought into action to govern the looping of the warp threads on the
needles, in order for a time to produce a different character or texture of fabric
for a length of the piece equal to that required for the wrists or wristbands of
the gloves. Such pattern surfaces being then put out of action for a time, and
the ordinary cut of wheels or pattern surfaces again brought into action to

page_text: govern the looping of the warp threads on the needles till the required quantity
of plain or ordinary texture has been again produced, suitable for being cut
up to form the fingers and bodies of the gloves, except the wrists or wrist-
bands.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE DRAFT AND LOCOMOTION OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Ford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1857
I, HENRY WILLIAM FORD, of the City of Gloucester, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE DRAFT AND LOCOMOTION OF CARRIAGES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use or employment of rings or hoop railways,
within and upon the lower part of which the carriage wheels run or roll.
These rings or hoop railways are of greater diameter than the wheels, so as to
encircle them without contact, excepting at the lower part of the circumference,
where they constantly present a bearing surface between the wheels and the
road or ground.
As the carriage wheels turn round their weight causes the rings or hoop
railways to turn or roll upon the ground, and suitable guide groves or bars
fixed on them enable the wheels to keep them in their course or direction of
running. Check guides fixed on the carriage also assist in keeping them in
their course.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES
Year: 1857

page_text: nis invention receivea rovis
Totection,
novice
roceed
the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward Boyd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1857.
I, JAMES EDWARD BOYD, of Hither Green, Lewisham, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES," to be as follows:-
The skate iron, steel plate, or blade of the skate is to be so formed, fitted,
fixed, and arranged as to be reversible or capable of being shifted in a variety
of ways, so that the skater may vary his sport from curling or fancy skating
to that of ordinary skating, or otherwise; or should one plane of the skate
irous be worn, as to require grinding or otherwise, the other side or sides can
be reversed and brought into immediate action, and when both or all the sides
are worn, they can either be ground, or immediately substituted by extra irons
of a similar description, thus, not only varying the pleasure of skating, but
giving the advantage of two pairs of skates in one, and preventing the annoy-
ance, disappointment, and vexation at present caused by the old method, where
the sport cannot be varied, as the skate irons have but one surface for skating,
and are not reversible, so that when worn at the edges they must be set aside
as useless, and a new pair obtained, unless they be sent to be ground, a delay

page_text: which almost invariably ends in their not being returned until the frost has
gone.
The straps of this improved skate are proposed to be fastened by means
of a thumbscrew, whereby any amount of pressure can be obtained, an
advantage which cannot be so well attained by the old method with the
buckle straps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TUBES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Offico of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TUBES," (communicated to me by a foreigner
residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed chiefly for the making of copper tubes, and
consists in a machine so constructed as to form the tube out of an ingot or
casting of the intended metal, by rolling it or forming it upon a stationary
mandrel, the metal being stripped from the end of the mandrel by the action
of the rollers as it passes between them. The rollers are grooved on their
edges with a groove which is a segment of a circle, so that when four (or any
other convenient number) are brought properly together a round hole will be
formed where the rolls mitre together. These rollers are geared together, so
as to be compelled to revolve alike, and they have also cross cuts made in the
grooves, which cuts it is preferred shall be made in a diagonal direction, or
similar to a female screw. The mandril is held at one end by a swivel pin,
fixed in a strong frame, and so that the other end shall, when in place, only
extend into and terminate in the hole formed by the grooves where the
peripheries of the rolls join. When the ingot or casting is to be slipped on

page_text: this mandrel, that end of it which is between the rolls is to be withdrawn and
turned aside sufficiently to allow of the ingot being slipped on, and when
replaced, the end of the ingot will be caught by the revolving rollers, and tho
whole drawn through the cross cuts, forming grippers as it were to prevent
slipping, and thus stripping the metal from the mandrel, which forms the base
for the crushing action of the rollers. A second set of rollers may be placed
immediately after the first set, and thus a further reduction and extension of
the ingot will be effected upon that single heat, the metal being annealed for
further working in the usual way, until the whole is reduced to the degree of
thinness required for any given tube, the tube being passed from one set of
rollers to another set having its central hole and mandrel smaller, until that
object is attained.
AN IMPROVED. APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TOBACCO
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Wrigley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1857.
I, FRANCIS WRIGLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED.
APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TOBACCO," to be as follows :--
My Invention is designed for the purpose of cutting tobacco into shreds for
smoking, and is particularly applicable to cutting up a certain description of the
same when manufactured into cakes, and known by the name of "Cavendish
tobacco;" but it is equally applicable to cutting up other tobacco's, as may be
required, whether in the roll as "K'naster," or in the leaf as "Turkish."
My improved apparatus consists in the employment and use of a knife,
having a handle. at one end, the other being keyed on to a horizontal rod,
placed at right angles to it, and having bearings upon the bed of the machine;
the opposite end of this rod is cranked, and connected by a lever to a "click"
or ratchet, taking into a ratchet wheel, to which is secured a "worm wheel,"
working into and imparting motion to a "worm or askew toothed rack." The..
tobacco to be cut is enclosed within a box on the bed, having one end open,
through which the cake or roll of tobacco projects.
The action of raising the knife causes the "click" to take up a tooth of

page_text: the ratchet wheel, which turns the "worm wheel" and advances the rack,
which forces forward the' tobacco; then the knife being depressed, cuts the
projecting piece of tobacco (from the cake), which falls into a drawer or
receptacle provided beneath the cutter, an so on, a similar operation being
completed at every depression of the knife, the tobacco being supplied thereto
by self-acting means. When it is required to replenish the box, the lid may
be raised and the rack drawn back; tobacco can then be placed in the box,
and the lid secured by a button or otherwise.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING SUGAR AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Keddy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May 1857.
I, THOMAS KEDDY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Factor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING SUGAR AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the machinery herein-after described for
cutting sugar and such other substances as the said machinery is or may be
fitted to cut.
The loaf or cone of sugar is first divided into a series of discs by being cut
in planes situated perpendicularly to the axis of the said sugar loaf or cone.
This is effected by a machine in which a series of cutters situated in the same
plane approach simultaneously and converge upon the sugar loaf. The said
cutters enter the sugar loaf at several points in the same plane and cut or
split off a disc of the desired thickness. After the cutters have opened, the
sugar loaf is advanced to the proper distance and the cutters again close and
cut off another disc or slice, and so on until the whole loaf has been cut up.
The cutters may approach or close upon the loaf either in the direction of
radii or by an oblique motion. The slices or discs of sugar are next put
into a hopper, the sides of which collapse so as to suit discs of different thick-
nesses. The sugar descends in the said hopper until it is arrested by a stop.
A pair of knives, one on either side, by an alternating motion divide the disc of

page_text: sugar into a series of small bars, which as they are cut off are allowed to pass,
by the withdrawal of the stop, to be acted upon by another set of knives. The
last-named knives act in a plane at right angles to that in which the first-
named act, and divide the bars of sugar transversely, thus cutting it into small
square pieces. The advancing motion of the knives is effected by cams on a
rotating shaft, and the return motion by springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st December 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," communicated
to me by a foreigner residing abroad, to be as follows:-
In breech-loading fire-arms, constructed according to this Invention, a box
in wrought iron contains all the mechanism. This box bas straight side plates
which carry a pin or bolt, on which is mounted a lever divided into two
branches in the form of forks at its fore end. These branches embrace the
breech piece or chamber on the right and on the left to impart to it the back-
ward and forward motions it has to make. In the rear of the moveable breech
piece is a large wedge or abutment piece or support, sustained by a small
wedge. This piece receives in a receding angle the back of the breech piece,
which is of a corresponding angular form. The action of the fire-arm is as
follows:-With the forefinger of the right hand draw back a hook connected
to the abutment piece or wedge, and with it the wedge, the lever, before men-
tioned, is thus disengaged and descends, and by the action of a spur or projection
formed on it upon a small wheel connected to the wedge, carries down this
latter, which slides in oblique grooves and parallel guides, thus leaving a

page_text: vacancy for the breech piece or chamber, which in its turn is pushed back by
the forked branches of the lever. The breech piece or chamber thus pushed
is carried by two small rollers fitted to it on both sides, and which slide in a
groove in a direction parallel with the axis of the arm, until the mouth of the
chamber is sufficiently withdrawn from the barrel, into the rear of which it
was lodged; then one of the rollers reaches a bend in its groove and changes
its direction with the groove and falls down, whereby the foro end of the
chamber is raised, and its mouth presented in a convenient position to receive
the charge; then, again, the position the chamber assumes brings into play a
small lever which drives back the percussion rod or hammer, to allow of the
cap being placed on the back of the chamber. All the movements of these
different parts are simultaneous and follow the simple moving of the principal
lever from top to bottom and from back to front, upon its pivot or fulcrum.
As soon as the cartridge has been introduced a reverse movement by a single
action of the hand replaces all the parts into their original positions, and tho
ball, consequent upon the pressure of the lover upon the wedge, of the wedge
upon the chamber, and of the chamber against the breech, is forced into the
rear end of the barrel where the grooves of the rifling commence.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Antoine Busson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
May 1857.
I, CLAUDE ANTOINE BUSSON, of Paris (France), Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
The Invention relates to rotary engines, that is to say, to such engines
in which the power is transmitted to a driving shaft by means of one or more
pistons, having a circular motion obtained by the pressure of steam, or other
aeriform or other fluid, or whether such machines use a force either for suction
or for forcing out the said fluids.
The principle of action of my machine consists in causing the steam or other
fluid which is to be employed as prime mover to enter between one or more
pairs of pistons, one of which pistons of each pair is fixed to the casing,
whereas the other is fixed to a disc or circular plate, and obtains a circular
motion in the interior of the casing, both pistons moving in the same direction
but with different speed, each of them serving alternately as a rest or as a
moving part; both pistons being allowed to come close to each other but not in
contact; the steam or other fluid being introduced alternately by the opposite
faces of the pistons, which latter turn in the same direction but with different
speed by means of hollow arbors inserted in each other in a concentric mode,

page_text: and by excentric gearing or ratchets, combined in such manner as to give rise
to rotary motions alternately variable and periodically uniform. The intro-
duction and the exit of the steam or other moving fluid takes place by
the hollow arbors and through the pistons by means of proper valves, and the
distribution of the moving fluid is regulated by the motion of the machine, by
means of a disc provided with proper apertures for regulating the expansion
when steam or other expansible fluid is used, and modifying the admission of
the fluid. A governor takes advantage of the irreguality of certain motions
for regulating the expansion at each introduction of the steam, which may also
be regulated by hand. Excentric gearing is applied for obtaining the vari-
ability of certain motions of the pistons and of the governor. When the engine
is to be worked by steam all the moving parts are situated in a box or outer
case, serving at the same time as a frame, so as to cause the worked steam to
serve for lubricating as well as for heating the feed-water, or the same may be
condensed. The same machine may serve also for the suction or the forcing
up of fluids by inverting the arrangement of the valves of the pistons, and by.
adapting proper valves to the exit and entrance openings.
A SELF-ACTING MACHINE FOR THE DELIVERY OF POSTAGE AND RECEIPT STAMPS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simeon Denham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1857.
I, SIMEON DENHAM, of Strafford Square, Wakefield, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SELF-ACTING
MACHINE FOR THE DELIVERY OF POSTAGE AND RECEIPT STAMPS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a self-acting machine, which by simply dropping
a penny into an aperture formed therein will give sufficient motive power to
the machine to advance and cut off a stamp ready for use; and consists of a
box or case fitted with the following parts.
Firstly, a spring roller and plain roller in contact therewith. Between these
two rollers the stamps pass, and are advanced by letting a penny piece fall
down an incline. The penny in its passage operating upon certain levers
which disengage themselves from the aforesaid spring roller, and thus allow it
to advance the said stamps forward; and bringing the perforated edge of one
stamp over a cutting edge beneath it, so that the act of withdrawing the
stamp from the box effects the separating of one stamp from the rest of the

page_text: strip of stamps. The aforesaid incline down which the penny passes has a
slit formed therein sufficiently large to allow a halfpenny to pass through,
should it be put in the machine, and there is another opening which allows the
said halfpenny to pass out of the box..
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hilton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1857.
I, SAMUEL HILTON, of Albion Street, Bethnal Green, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the introduction of certain additions to or altera-
tions in steam boiler and other furnaces, for the purposes of effecting the
ignition of the gaseous and other products of combustion, by which their heat-
giving properties are made available and usefully employed, a moro perfect
and economical combustion of the fuel in furnaces effected, and the emission
of opaque smoke prevented. It consists in constructing and introducing a
hollow chamber or deflector of peculiar construction into the furnace above the
bars, and at a suitable distance between the front or dead plate and the ordinary
bridge or back end of the furnace bars.
The hollow chamber or deflector may be constructed of cast iron, or any
suitable heat-resisting material; it should be of a length or breadth suited to
fill the width of the furnace, and of a height suited to extend or depend from
the under side of the boiler or from the top of the internal flue to within a few
inches above the furnace bars, or to a sufficient distance therefrom to permit

page_text: of the live coke or cinders being thrust under it from the front to the back
part of the furnace; and it should be of a shape suited to the form of furnace,
and so as to check the direct passage of the flames and products of combustion
given off from the green coal or fuel on or contained upon the front part of tho
furnace bars, and deflect them or cause them to pass over the incandescent
fuel upon the back portion of the furnace bars. The thickness or distance
between the back and front parts of the chamber or deflector should be pro-
portioned to the size of the furnace and the quantity of fuel to bo consumed.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRINTING CALICO AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Kay, of Castleton Print Works, near
Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Calico Printer, for the Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRINTING CALICO
AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 23rd March 1858, and dated the 28th September 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Kay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1857.
I, ROBERT KAY, of Castleton Print Works, near Rochdale, in the County
of Lancaster, Calico Printer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRINTING CALICO
AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the employment of an endless web of worsted or
other woollen cloth in place of the calico or other back cloth in ordinary use,
such web passing between the cloth to be printed and the cylinder, and may
be used with or without blanket or lapping, and in conjunction with this end-

page_text: less web is arranged suitable apparatus for washing and drying it as required,
whilst revolving or traversing before, its return to the printed cylinder. The
endless cloth above named may be either of woollen; worsted, or cotton, or any
non-absorbent material.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN INSTRUMENTS FOR ASCERTAINING AND INDICATING THE STATE OF THE PULSE, WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH FLUIDS ARE REQUIRED TO CIRCULATE OR WORK IN TUBES OF SMALL BORE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Xavier Poznanski at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th August 1857.
I, FRANÇOIS XAVIER POZNANSKI, of Craven Street, in the City of West-
minster, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN INSTRUMENTS FOR ASCERTAINING AND INDICATING
THE STATE OF THE PULSE, WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH FLUIDS ARE REQUIRED TO CIRCULATE OR WORK IN TUBES
OF SMALL BORE," to be as follows:-
The instrument to which the present improvement is more particularly,
applicable I intend to denominate a sphygmometer, and it has for its object
to indicate and render visible in a better manner than heretofore the state of
the pulse.
The instrument consists of a tube between three and four inches long, and
of small bore, in fact almost a capillary tube, and which is provided at its
lower extremity with an enlargement chamber or vessel filled with mercury,
and closed by a flexible diaphragm made of thin leather or other suitable
material. In order to prevent or to overcome the capillary attraction, which
would interfere with the proper working of the mercury in the tube, a horse
hair or fine metal wire is introduced into the tube, and retained there in any
convenient manner. The tube is bent or inclined, and thereby somewhat

page_text: facilitates the ascent of the mercury in the tube, which is divided into
inches and fractions of inches, or other divisions, whereby the strength of
the pulse will be seen, as the mercury at every beat or pulsation is thereby
driven up the tube. The frequency or number of beats within a given time
may be ascertained by means of a small sand glass which is adapted to the
instrument.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DISTILLING, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VINEGAR
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Walker, of Warrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Brewer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN DISTILLING, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VINEGAR."
Sealed the 30th June 1857, and dated the 17th January 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1857.
I, PETER WALKER, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Brewer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DISTILLING, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VINEGAR," to
be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in the application of high-pressure
steam for causing a circulation in the liquid from the mash tun, which liquid
is to be distilled or made into vinegar. The apparatus may consist of a side
pipe placed near the mash tun, and in communication therewith above and
below; to the lower end of this pipe a steam pipe is connected by a tap.
When the mash is ready the steam tap is open to admit steam into the side
pipe; the tap between the mash tun and the side pipe is then opened, and the
liquid from the mash tun is forced up the side pipe and into the upper portion

page_text: of the mash tun; a circulation between the lower and upper portion of the
mash tun is thus established, and it is kept up until the liquid is sufficiently
hot, when the steam is shut off. The liquid may be forced in like manner
into the cooler or any other vessel.
AN APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR MAKING SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS, AND PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jean Viault and Jules Viault
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 31st October 1857.
We, HENRY JEAN VIAULT and JULES VIAULT, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of No. 35, Essex Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS OR
MECHANISM FOR MAKING SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS, AND PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The said apparatus or mechanism is self-acting. The locomotive itself is to
make the required signals from any distance whatever. For this purpose the
said apparatus or mechanism is composed of an iron bar fixed by one end on a
proper support, or on the wooden sleepers of the railway. This bar acts upon
an iron prism or cylinder, situated in a cavity which transmits its movement
to a rack cut in the prism itself, or a lever which transmits its motion to a
pinion gearing in the rack. The latter acts upon a horizontal axle, which
transmits its movement to another vertical axle by means of two gear wheels.
On the latter axle is fixed a pulley at about eight inches from the soil, on
which rolls a chain, which, by means of a rod, acts on the other apparatus,
which may be placed at any distance, even at the next station. Near the
vertical axle there is placed at a convenient height, a common disk with a
lantern with red, green, or white glasses, or such colors as may be required.

page_text: The manner in which the said apparatus works, is the following:-When
the line is clear the bar is raised above the centre of the line at about four
inches; the said bar is driven in by a wheel fixed on the fender of the
.locomotive, whereby the disk is turned, at the "departure of the train. By
means of the chain rod and gear wheels the bar of the next apparatus is
raised, whereby the disk is turned and the passage of the train is signalled.
The train arriving at that, station, its locomotive drives in the bar and
removes both the disks there and at the former station, thus shewing the
line to be clear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUCKS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hopkins and George Pearce
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
21st May 1857.
We, JAMES HOPKINS, of St. George's in the East, Schoolmaster, and
GEORGE PEARCE, of Mile End, both in the County of Middlesex, Scalebeam
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TRUCKS," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists in the peculiar mechanical arrangement of
trucks, which run on rollers instead of wheels. Two or more rollers are
combined in a suitable framework with their axles placed in or about the
centre of the side framing, so as to allow a portion of the surface of each
roller to be exposed above and below the truck bottom. The rollers may be
worked simply as rollers in common, either with the goods laid on or raised
above them on blocks resting on the truck.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR PORTABLE ICE HOUSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Tibbets Ropes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1857. A communication.
I, HENRY TIBBETS ROPES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Ice
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR PORTABLE ICE HOUSES," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
To construct a refrigerator or apparatus, according to this Invention, within
a suitable chamber, an horizontal grating or open stage is erected near the top
thereof, upon which the ice is laid, and below this grating and at the bottom
of the chamber a close water tank is placed in the top or upper sides of
this chamber, an opening or openings being formed for the admission of a
portion of the external atmospheric air above the ice; the air upon entering
the chamber and coming in contact with the ice becomes cools and parts with
its moisture, and being thereby rendered heavier descends to the bottom of
the chamber, where it passes through a suitable opening (or openings) into a
preversing chamber (or chambers), which are constructed to contain the
articles to be preserved, and which are laid upon gratings or shelves formed
for the purpose, and placed one above another. At or near the top of the
preserving chamber suitable provision is made to allow the escape of the

page_text: moist heated air generated within the preserving chamber, and which
is expelled by the action of the cold air which enters at the bottom of the
compartment from the ice chamber, and thereby obtaining a uniform draft of
cold air within the preserving chamber, which not only preserves the contents,
but also prevents one article from imparting its flavour to another.
By this arrangement it will be seen that in addition to the preserving and
cooling of meats, fish, fruit, wine, and so forth, a supply of iced water is
readily obtained by means of the tank within the chamber containg the ice.
The ice chamber may be constructed immediately above or at the side of the
preserving chamber, but when the ice chamber is constructed above the pre-
serving chamber the bottom of the ice chamber or shelf upon which it is laid
will require to be water-tight, and the cooled air carried through a passage (or
passages) therefrom, so as to enter at or near the bottom of the preserving
chamber, so that it may pass upwards and escape at or near the top of the
preserving chamber; and in addition to these advantages, it has been found
from experience that ice when so ventilated does not waste or disolve so
rapidly as when excluded from the air.
Attached to the ice chamber is a convenient mallet of a novel form, having
an egg-shaped head, and the blade of a sprig-bit inserted in one end, for the
purpose of breaking the ice when required.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR REMOVING SNOW FROM RAIL- WAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd March 1857.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR REMOVING SNOW FROM RAIL-
WAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improvement on a snow plough, for which
Letters Patent were granted to me May 13th, 1856, and has for its object
the adjustment of the central vertical planes (described in that Patent), so
that the snow on the track, after being raised up to the level of the sur-
rounding snow, can be all pressed or thrown over laterally on to either side
as may be desired.
In order to attain the advantages of changing the relative position and
action of the vertical discharging planes from one side to the other side of the
track, it is proposed to construct upon the main inclined plane of the snow
plough a central groove extending very nearly from top to bottom of the
plane, and also two transverse grooves at right angles to each other, and
extending very nearly across the main plane.
The vertical planes are constructed in a single block or piece of a triangular
prismatical form, having on its under side two projections or lugs to fit into
the grooves in the main inclined plane, and having also attached to its upper

page_text: part a rack or chain attached by means of a universal joint. The block is so
placed as to slide up and down on the main plane, the projections underneath
being in the grooves of, the main plane. The block in sliding up or down is
made to have its point pass to one side or the other on the main inclined
plane by means of a little turning guide, which has one groove made diame-
trically across it. This little turning guide is supported below upon a pivot,
so that it can freely turn, and thus assume any one of three positions. When
turned into one position this guide forms a continuous straight groove down
the inclined plane, and then if the block were slid down, its point would pass
right down the centre of the main inclined plane to the lower extremity, and
the snow would be discharged equally on both sides of the plough. When
the turning guide or piece is turned into a second position, it will cause the
point of the block when slid down to turn out of the direct line, and assume
such a position as would cause it to throw the snow all over to the opposite
side of the plough. When the turning guide or piece is turned into the
opposite position, it causes the block to throw all the snow over to the opposite
side of the plough. The revolving guide piece is made to turn into either of
the three positions above named by means of a framework or levers below the
inclined plane.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND IN PICKERS USED FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Heald and Arthur Heald at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
7th February 1857.
We, HENRY HEALD, of Sabden Whalley, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Manufacturer, and ARTHUR HEALD, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND
IN PICKERS USED FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our improvement in looms consists in the application of an iron picker check,
for the purpose of gradually stopping the picker, so as to prevent the recoil of
the shuttle, in substitution for the leather picker checks now generally used.
And our improvement in pickers consists in the construction of an iron picker,
in substitution for the leather or buffalo hide pickers now generally used.
AN IMPROVED METALLIC COMPOUND APPLICABLE TO THE MAMU- FACTURE OF VARIOUS USEFUL ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: WEVID
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Fox and Julian Wilfred
Slater at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 24th August 1857.
We, SAMUEL Fox and JULIAN WILFRED SLATER, both of Sheffield, in the
County of York, Analytical Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METALLIC COMPOUND APPLICABLE TO THE MAMU-
FACTURE OF VARIOUS USEFUL ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining or mixing fine or foreign zine with
lead and tin in certain proportions not heretofore employed in the manufac-
ture of metallic compounds or alloys of metals. We are aware that small
quantities of zinc not exceeding 5 per cent. or thereabouts have sometimes
been added to pewters and white metals, but such compounds or alloys have
been found to be practically useless, partly owing to the per-centage of zinc
used, and partly to the manner in which the process of mixing has been per-
formed. These practical objections we propose to surmount by employing
from 16 to 18 per cent. of fine or foreign zinc, and in no case less than 10 per
cent. of such metal in the manufacture of our above-mentioned improved
metallic compound, and also by adopting a new mode of mixing the zinc with
the other metal or metals employed, that is to say, instead of placing the zinc
into the crucible after the other metals have been placed therein and fused,
we place the zinc in first and fuse it at as low temperature as possible, and

page_text: then add the other metals thereto, and keep the whole constantly stirred
during the fusion thereof, by which we cause the metals to be thoroughly and
intimately combined or mixed together, whereas by the processes heretofore
practised constant stirring was not adapted, and the zinc was found to
separate from the other metals composing the metallic compound in the form a
of oxide.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GAS BURNER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Tanks, Joseph Breeden,
and William Breeden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th April 1857.-A communication.
We, STEPHEN TONKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and JOSEPH BREEDEN, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer, and
WILLIAM BREEDEN, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED GAS BURNER,"
a communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of an argand gas burner, constructed of earthen-
ware, china, or other earthy or semi-vitreous substance. The said burner is
made of the same shape, or nearly the same shape as the ordinary metal
argand burner. The holes through which the gas issues from the top of the
burner are drilled therein before the final burning or glazing of the china or
earthenware. The burner is joined to the metal pipe by which the gas is
supplied by any suitable method of joining metal and earthy or semi-vitreous
substances, the gas may either be introduced into the burner by a hole on tho
side and near the bottom thereof, or through holes at the bottom.
We wish it to be understood that by argand gas burners we mean gas
burners by which an annular or tube-like flame is produced, to which air has
access both within and without.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bridges Adams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1857.
I, WILLIAM BRIDGES ADAMS, of No. 1, Adam Street, Adelphi, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the cellular construction of windows, in which
two thicknesses of glass are put into one frame, or the compartments of
frames or sashes, or two sashes are joined together to produce the same effect,
videlicet, a cellular space between the glasses containing air, which will mate-
rially prevent radiation and increases the warmth of apartments, the glass
being fixed in the frames either in the ordinary modes or by means of elastic
or plastic caulking, which will make air-tight or nearly air-tight joints. These
sashes or frames may be used for apartments, or for greenhouses, or hot-
houses, or for carriages and vessels, or skylights, and by reason of the clastic
air between the glass will better resist the force of bail; and instead of lapping
the joints of the glass, as is usual in skylights, I abut them against one
another with elastic material between them, and I arrange skylights to fold
against each other at their edges, so as to produce tight joints with easy open-
ing and closing. And the double glass, while preventing the escape of heat by
radiation, will also serve to impede the passage of sound in crowded streets.

page_text: And another part of my improvements in building consists in forming flat
roofs and floors of sawn slate, or of metal, or stone, or artificial material, laid
flat on horizontal or nearly horizontal beams, each piece being connected at
the angles with stud plates, preventing the pieces from drawing apart from
each other, and the edges being of such form as to retain between them an
elastic caulking of cork or other material, forcibly put in, and closing the
joints against the entry of moisture; and thus a flat roof may be formed, on
which may
be erected a greenhouse, or which may serve for a terrace by being
railed round; and these roofs or floors may be.double or cellular, as described
before in windows, in order to prevent radiation and the condensation of mois-
ture in the inner surfaces; and for the purpose of cooling, air may be made
to circulate through the hollow spaces, or warm air for the purpose of
warming. And it is obvious that a similar structure may be applied to pitched
roofs.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shaw and Hugh Shaw at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
11th June 1857.
We, JAMES SHAW and HUGH SHAW, both of Waterhead Mill, near Oldham,
in the County of Lancaster, Spinners, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements relate more particularly to that description of preparing
machinery known as "Dyer's frames," or tube-roving machines, but are
also applicable to other machines employed in preparing and spinning. The
apparatus is designed for the purpose of imparting pressure and solidity to
the roving as it is wound upon the spool or bobbin, and consists in the employ-
ment and use of a lever or arm, at the upper end of which is a roller placed
in contact with the material upon the bobbin; the lower end of this arm slides
upon a bar and traverses along the bobbin uniformly with the winding of
the roving thereupon, and thereby imparts an even pressure to the roving
throughout the winding on until the completion of the full bobbin. The pres-
sure is regulated by means of an adjustable weight depending from or sliding
upon the arm, to which is also attached a book or catch, by means of which
the arm is retained or held back when the pressing roller is required be

page_text: removed from the bobbin. This pressing roller may also be applied to the
presser of "presser flyers" employed in spinning machinery for diminish-
ing the friction and exerting a more uniform pressure upon the material
under operation.