IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Higgins, of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, and Thomas Schofield Whitworth, of
the same Place, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 18th January 1870, and dated the 20th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Higgins and
Thomas Schofield Whitworth at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th July 1869:
We, HENRY HIGGINS, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, and THOMAS SCHOFIELD WHITWORTH, of the same
Place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to carding engines principally of that
description for which Letters Patent were granted to James Higgins
and Thomas Schofield Whitworth, dated 11th April 1867, No. 1079, and;
Di d

page_text: described in the Specification thereof by reference to Figs. 5 to 11
inclusive; that is to say, to those carding engines which are provided
with "flats," and which are raised periodically by an automatic
operation for the purpose of being cleaned, and consists,―
Firstly. In a method of balancing the lifting apparatus. To accomplish
this we place the wheel which actuates the lifting apparatus below the
centre of motion of the cylinder and place a balance weight thereon.
Secondly. We adapt the aforesaid wheel to the lifting apparatus so that
it moves bodily with it, and we employ a crank and connecting rod to
effect the said lifting.
Thirdly. We apply a tappet to the said crank wheel, which by its
revolution shifts its driving pinion out of gear and holds it by means of a
notch until the said notch is removed by a lever turning upon a centre,
and caused to move thereon by a tappet driven by a worm on the
driving pulley of the lifting apparatus.
Fourthly. In a method of squaring the vibrating levers, for which
purpose we convert the bend into a toothed segment, and place pinions in
gear therewith upon a shaft that extends across the machine from one
vibrating lever to the other. This shaft we propose to form hollow, and
to pass through it another shaft with pinions to drive the lifting racks,
but the two shafts may be separate.
Another part of our Invention refers to carding engines generally, and
relates, firstly, to methods of making the flats.
These we propose to
form as convex segments of circles instead of giving them a straight
surface as now practised. Also we propose to attach the card clothing
to the sides of the flats instead of to the bottom, by which means we
therefore enlarge the working surface.
Another part of our Invention refers to a mode of supporting
stationary flats of carding engines and of setting them to the main
cylinder, dispensing with the setting screws used for that purpose.
To effect this we attach a flexible support to each bend concentric with
the main cylinder, which can be raised or lowered, and on which we place
the flats. And we furnish the ends of the flats with shoes, as patented
by James Higgins and Thomas Schofield Whitworth, April 11th, 1867,
No. 1079, which shoes are formed with the degree of heeling required.
Another plan is to give the amount of heeling in the flexible supports
instead of in the shoe. By these means we are enabled to set all the
flats at once.

page_text: In stripping carding cylinders for the purpose of cleaning them we
propose the use of a roller armed with a series of lines of needle points
extending across the said cylinder, and to which a traversing motion is
imparted.
Another part of our Invention refers to double row throstles, such as
are described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us, Henry
Higgins and Thomas Schofield Whitworth, dated 27th Dec. 1867,
No. 3679. In such machines we propose,-
Firstly. To adapt a dividing apparatus for keeping the threads distinct
when the spindle frames are turned, and for this purpose we adapt a
dividing plate.
Secondly. We place a cam on the bottom of the spindle frame provided
with projections or recesses, which act by themselves or in combination
with a fixed stop to register the position of the spindles.
Thirdly. We drive the spindles by means of a single band which passes
twice or more around the wharves. As applied to throstles generally,
firstly, we adapt the flyers to the spindles by means of a quick threaded
screw, and the said flyer may therefore be pushed upward and detached
by the lifting rail or by an intermediate part. Secondly, we propose to
place the wharves loosely upon the spindles and to provide them with a
conical part fitting into a similarly formed cavity upon a boss fastened
on the lower part of the spindle. In order to detach these cones we
employ a fork, which first raises the wharve and then wedges the boss
so as completely to arrest the motion of the spindle. Instead of the
conical parts above mentioned a catch may be employed. Thirdly, we
propose to drive the spindles where more than one are driven by one
band by "twitch necked" pullies placed separately upon a shaft or
formed on a cylinder. Fourthly, we propose methods of driving the
spindles by friction. For this purpose we use a sliding boss on the said
spindle, which is pressed upon the rim of the driving pulley by a spring,
and this pulley is supported by another flange also clipped in the same
manner by the two surfaces on the spindle, or it may have an inde-
pendent bearing, but the spindle is provided with a pin projecting
through a slot in the boss, by which pin the spindle is driven but is per-
mitted to move vertically. In weighting the rollers of throstles or other
machines for preparing fibrous materials we propose to place each saddle

page_text: upon pivots of two rollers, and also to remove the body of the cap bar
supporting the fingers from behind the rollers and to place it between
two of such rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Higgins and Thomas Schofield Whitworth
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
HIGGINS, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and
THOMAS SCHOFIELD WHITWORTH, of the same Place, Manager, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Henry Higgins and Thomas Schofield
Whitworth, Her special license that we, the said Henry Higgins
and Thomas Schofield Whitworth, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Henry Higgins and Thomas
Schofield Whitworth, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Henry Higgins
and Thomas Schofield Whitworth, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal (or under the hand and seal of one of us), should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Schofield Whitworth, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained

page_text: in and by the folowing statement (and accompanying Drawings), that is
to say:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to carding engines of that description
of which Her Majesty's Letters Patent were granted to James Higgins
and Thomas Schofield Whitworth, dated Eleventh April One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven, No. 1079, that is to say, to those carding
engines which are provided with "flats," and which are raised periodically
by an automatic operation for the purpose of being cleaned, and
consists,-
Firstly. In a method of balancing the lifting apparatus. To accom-
plish this we place the wheel which actuates the lifting apparatus below
the centre of motion of the cylinder, and place a balance weight thereon.
Secondly. We adapt the aforesaid wheel to the lifting apparatus, so
that it moves bodily with it, and we employ a crank and connecting rod
to effect the said lifting..
Thirdly. We apply a tappet to the said crank wheel, which by its
revolution shifts its driving pinion out of gear and holds it by means of
a notch until the said notch is removed by a lever turning upon a centre,
and caused to move thereon by a tappet driven by a worm on the axis
of the aforesaid driving pinion.
Fourthly. In a method of keeping the vibrating levers square during
their motion.
Another part of our Invention relates to carding engines generally,
and, firstly, to methods of making the flats. These we propose to form
as convex segments of circles instead of giving them a straight surface
as now practised. Also we attach the card clothing to the sides of the
flats instead of to the bottom, by which means we enlarge the working
surface.
Another part of our Invention refers to a mode of supporting
stationary flats of carding engines, and of setting them to the main
cylinder, dispensing with the setting screws used for that purpose. To
effect this we attach a flexible support to each bend concentric with the
main cylinder, and which can be raised and lowered, and on this we
place the flats. We furnish the ends of the flats with shoes, as patented
by James Higgins and Thomas Schofield Whitworth aforesaid, which
shoes are formed with the degree of heeling required.
Another plan is to give the amount of heeling in the flexible sup-
ports instead of in the shoe. By these means we are enabled to set all
the flats at once!

page_text: In stripping carding cylinders for the purpose of cleaning them we
use a roller armed with a series of lines of needle points extending
across the said cylinder, and to which a traversing motion is imparted.
Another division of our Invention relates to double row throstles, such
as are described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us, dated
Twenty-seventh December One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven,
No. 3679. In such machines we,-
Firstly. Adapt a dividing apparatus for keeping the threads distinct
when the spindle frames are turned.
Secondly. We place a cam at the bottom of the spindle frame pro-
vided with projections or recesses, which serve to register the positions of
the spindles.
Thirdly. As applied to throstles generally we, firstly, adapt the flyers
to the spindles by means of a quick threaded screw, and the said flyer
may therefore be pushed upward and detached by the lifting rail or by
an intermediate part. Secondly, as regards ring and traveller throstles
generally we transmit the driving power to the bobbins by an arrange-
ment of conical surfaces, and in order to detach these cones from each
other and to arrest the motion of the bobbins we employ a fork and
spring.
Also we employ certain methods of driving by friction. In weighting
the rollers of preparing and spinning machines, and in reference to the
cap bars we also employ novel arrangements.
The first part of our Invention, and which relates to that description
of carding engine in which the flats are raised periodically to be
cleaned, as patented by James Higgins and Thomas Schofield Whit-
worth aforesaid, is shewn at Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying Draw-
ing, the former being a partial end view of the machine and the latter a
cross section.
At 1 is the axis of the card cylinder, and upon which is mounted
loosely the vibrating lever 2, which travels periodically along the ends
of the flats and carries the sliding rack frame 3 by means of which the
said flats are raised and turned over. To this rack frame is jointed a
connecting rod 4 the lower end of which carries a crank 5 upon an axis
6, which has its bearing in an arm 7 forming a part of the vibrating
lever 2. Upon the axis 6 is a toothed pinion 9 furnished on one side
with balance weight 10, and on the other with a tappet provided
with a notch 11, within which (according to the position shewn) is a

page_text: catch 12 mounted so as to be capable of turning outward 'on a centre
13 on an arm 14, which is carried by a shaft 15 supported by parts 16
forming a portion of the vibrating lever 2. This arm 14 has a tendency
to be drawn upward upon its centre 15 by a spring 17, the other end
of which is attached at 18 to the said vibrating lever 2. Upon a shaft
19 carried by the lever 14 is a toothed wheel 20 in gear with a pinion
21 which is driven by pullies 22, 23, the former being on the axis of
the carding cylinder. At 24 is a pinion driven occasionally by the
wheel 9 so as to cause the lever 2 to vibrate through the medium of
the mangle rack 25 as usual. It will be seen that as the pulley 23 and
consequently wheel 20 are driven from the cylinder shaft 1, the said
toothed wheel is constantly revolving. Upon the axis 19 is a worm 26
taking into a worm wheel 27 mounted upon a short shaft carried by
the arm 14, and provided at its upper end with a cam 28 situate in the
same plane with the tail end of the catch 12. This cam 28 is loose
upon the shaft of the worm wheel, but is caused to revolve therewith
by a projecting pin fast upon the said shaft, and bearing against a part
formed on the under side of the said cam. According to the position
of the parts shewn in the Drawing the catch 12, as before mentioned,
is in gear with the notch 11, and the arm 14, although drawn upward
by the spring 17, is prevented from turning upon its axis. The cam 28,
which constantly revolves by the driving power imparted to the wheel
20, arrives at the determined time in contact with the tail end of the
lever 12, thereby causing it to turn upon its centre 13 so as to remove
its other end from the notch 11, and the spring 17 being now free to
act will draw the arm 14 upward upon its centre 15 and place the
wheel 20 in gear with the other wheel 9, and rotatory motion being
thus imparted thereto the crank 5 .will lift the rack frame 3, carry upward
the flat, and cleaning thereof will take place as described in the Speci-
fication of James Higgins and Thomas Schofield Whitworth aforesaid,
or by other known means. The wheel 9 is without teeth for a certain
portion of its circumference, but when that has travelled onward to its
end the said wheel passes into gear with the pinion 24, and the mangle
motion causes the lever to vibrate, but this does not form a part of our
Invention. The lever 2 having performed its ordinary vibratory move-
ments the wheel 9 will have carried the part 30 of the notched tappet
round so that it arrives in contact with the catch 12, which owing to the
wheels 9, 20, being in gear will be in a higher position than that shewn
in the Drawing, and the inclined side 30 of the said tappet by pressing

page_text: the catch downward will cause the driving wheel 20 to pass out of gear
with the other wheel 9, and thus the vibratory movement of the lever
2 will be arrested, the catch 12 passing into the notch 11 so as to restore
the parts to the positions shewn. There is of course a rack frame similar
to that shewn at 3, and other parts connected therewith on the other
side of the machine as usual. Motion may be communicated to this
second rack by any convenient means, but we will now proceed to
describe how this may be done in conjunction with that part of our
Invention which relates to keeping the vibratory levers square during
their movements. Upon the frames or "bends" are formed toothed
racks 31, in gear with which are pinions 32 carried by a hollow shaft 33,
and through this there passes a shaft 34 provided with pinions 35, 36,
taking into the racks 3, 3*. When the rack 3 is caused to move upward
it communicates motion to the other rack 3* by means of the pinions 35,
36, the shaft 34 of which is loose within the hollow shaft 33, and when
the levers 2, 2*, are caused to vibrate they carry with them the said
hollow shaft, which rolls the pinions 32 within the teeth 31 and secures
the square movement of the vibrating levers.
The first point of novelty under that part of our Invention which
relates to carding engines generally is shewn at Fig. 3, in which 37
represents the flat, which for the present may be supposed to be clothed
with cards in the usual manner, but instead of forming the bottoms of
the said flats in a straight line we curve them in a convex form, as at 38.
Secondly. Another point of novelty is shewn in Fig. 3 just referred
to, in which 39 is the card clothing, and according to the usually
practiced method it would be attached to the bottoms of the said flats,
but instead of this we carry it up the sides and attach it by nails or
otherwise, as shewn at 40, by which means the whole breadth of the flat
is made available for the wired card.
Thirdly. Another point of novelty is shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, in which
41 represents a "flexible bend" which may be regulated by the adjustable
brackets 42, and upon this we place the flats without the set screws
usually employed. These flats are provided with shoes, as in the Patent
of James Higgins and Thomas Schofield Whitworth aforesaid, and the
said shoes are formed with the required degree of heeling.
A modification of this part of our Invention is shewn at Figs. 4, 5, in
which 41 is the "flexible bend" regulated by brackets 42 as before, but
in this instance we do not depend upon obtaining the necessary heeling by

page_text: the shoes of the flats, but cause them to rest upon angular parts 43 formed
in the said flexible bend, as shewn by the dotted lines in the Drawing.
By the use of the flexible bend in the aforesaid manner we are enabled
to set all the flats at once.
Fourthly. Our Invention is shewn at Figs. 4 and 5 before referred to,
in which 44 is the carding cylinder, at the lower part of which we place
a smaller cylinder 45 armed with a series of rows of detached needle
points or teeth 46, which being caused to revolve cleanse the wire cards
of the main cylinder, and in order that they may effect that operation
throughout the breadth of the cylinder they are caused to traverse trans-
versely by any suitable apparatus.
Our first improvement in throstles of that construction patented by us
as aforesaid is shewn at Figs. 6 and 7, in which 50, 51, represent the
front rollers delivering the four threads 52, 53, 54, 55, to their several
spindles. Two of these threads 52, 53, pass over a dividing plate 56,
carried by the frame 57, and the other two 54, 55, pass on each side
of it at a lower level. When the division of four bobbins is turned in
order to piece up, as described under the aforesaid Patent, the thread 55
for example will pass under the plate 56, which keeps it distinct from
the other thread 53; or if the said division be turned in the other direction
then the two threads 54, 52, are in like manner kept apart.
Our second improvement in throstles of the aforesaid description is
shewn at Figs. 8, 9, and 10. The frame which carries the set of four
spindles is shewn at 58 mounted so as to be capable of being turned
in the rail 59. At the bottom of this frame we form a cam provided
with a notch 60, within which according to the position shewn) is a
pin 61 projecting from a spring 62 carried by the rail 59, and there arc
also two projections 63, 64. Fig. 10 represents a detached plan view
of the under part on a smaller scale of this arrangement. According to
the position shewn the pin 61, being in the notch 60, holds the frame 58
and its spindles in the spinning position, but supposing it required to
turn the said frame for piecing up then one or other of the projections
63, 64, will arrive in contact with the pin 61, and a turning of a quarter
revolution will thus be registered.
Our next improvement is shewn at Fig. 11, which represents the
positions in which the parts will be when a bobbin is to be doffed. The
spindle is shewn at 65 formed at its upper part with a smaller diameter,
on the periphery of which is cut a quick threaded screw 66. Upon

page_text: this is placed the flyer 67. provided with a pin which takes into the
thread of the said screw, or the boss of the flyer may itself be an internal
screw, and above.this part is a diminished portion 68 of the spindle 65.
At 69 is the lifting rail, which supports a collar 70 loose upon the spindle,
and above this is placed the bobbin 71. According to the position of the
parts shewn the bobbin is supposed to be filled and the doffing has to
take place. Preparatory to this the lifting rail has been raised so as to
bring the collar 70 level with the curls 72, which is a higher position
than it would occupy at the usual time of doffing. This additional lifting
of the copping rail may be effected by any convenient means, but we
refer to the Specification of a Patent granted to James Higgins, dated
May 23rd, 1868, No. 1697, as an example, the operation however being
reversed, for in our case the rail has to be lifted, whereas in the other it
had to be depressed. The spindle now revolving will wind a few turns
upon the collar 70, and the rail 69 being further elevated will cause the
upper end of the bobbin to bear against the flyer so as to force it upward,
and as its boss has to pass along the quick threaded screw it will be
liberated from the spindle on the smaller diameter 68 thereof, and the
doffing may take place. The object of using the collar 70 is to obtain
a remaining end for piecing up,, as is described in the Specification of
James Higgins aforesaid. The screw 66 is so cut that while the flyer
is revolving for spinning it has a tendency to be drawn downward on
to the shoulder beneath it.
Our next improvement is shewn at Fig. 8, which represents a vertical
section of spindles mounted upon the plan before alluded to and
described in our former Specification. The spindle 70, which in this case
is supposed to be dead, is fixed in the frame 58, and upon it is placed a
revolving tubular spindle 71 carrying by means of a flange 72 the bobbin
73. The flange 72 is provided with a hollow cone 74, which fits upon
a similarly formed part 75 mounted loosely upon the spindle, and for the
present we may suppose that the enlarged part 75* is an ordinary wharve
driven by a band, and it will therefore follow that motion will be com-
municated to the bobbin 73 by friction between the two surfaces 74, 75.
When it is desired to arrest the motion of the bobbin we employ the
apparatus shewn detached at Fig. 12, and as applied at the right hand
of Fig. 8. At 76 is handle provided at its. other end with a fork 77,
and so far the same apparatus was described in the Specification of the
Patent granted to us as aforesaid, but we now add an elevated part 78,

page_text: and upon it. place a bow spring 79. with its points turned outwards.
When it is desired to separate the two surfaces 74, 75, the fork 77 is
thrust between them, as shewn at the right hand of Fig. 8; this move-
ment detaches the driving power, but in order to arrest the impetus of
the bobbin the apparatus is thrust further inward, and the effect of this
is to cause the spring 79 to embrace the part 74 so as to prevent its
further rotation.
We have hitherto supposed that the driving power has been through
the medium of a wharve, but another part of our Invention consists in
effecting such driving by friction surfaces, and will be explained, firstly,
by reference to the aforesaid Fig. 8. In the same piece with the cone 75
is a boss 75* provided with a tube 81 which rests upon the frame, and
carrying a loose boss 82 between this and the other boss 75* is a disc 85
the shaft 86 of which runs in bearings 87 and is provided with a pulley
88 through the medium of which the said disc is driven. At 83 is a
block of india-rubber, beneath which is a nut 84 screwed upon the tube
81, and by turning this nut therefore the boss 82 is forced upward
through intervention of the elastic block 83, and the disc 85 is caused
to press against the boss 75* sufficiently for effecting its rotation. If
four spindles be placed in the frame 58, according to the Specification
of our Patent as aforesaid, they are of course situate around the disc 85.
which becomes a common driver for the bobbins.
Fig. 13. shews a modification of our method of disengaging the bobbin
from the driving power. In this instance the running spindle is at 89
driven by wheels 90, and fast upon it is the conical boss 91 supporting
the hollow cone 92 upon which the bobbin rests. By the use of the.
spring fork before described the hollow cone 92 may be thrust upward
and then clipped so as to arrest the motion of the bobbin.
Fig. 14 represents a modification of our plan of driving the bobbin by
a friction surface. The running spindle in this case is at 93, and upon
this is placed a fast tube 94 provided at its lower end with a flange 95.
At 96 is another tube, which revolves with the spindle, but is capable of
moving upward or downward, a pin 97 situate in a slot 98 being the
driving medium. At 99 is a block of india-rubber capable of being
forced downward by a nut 100, whereby the end of the tube 96 is caused
to bear upon a disc 101 mounted upon a shaft 102, and the spindle is
thereby caused to revolve. Our improvement in weighting the rollers
of preparing and spinning machines and the arrangement of cap bar are

page_text: shewn at Figs. 6 and 7. The cap bar is shewn at 104, which instead of
being placed behind the rollers as usual is adapted between two of them.
At 105 is a saddle extending across the part 106 and resting upon two
roller pivots 107, 108, and the said saddle is provided with weighted
rods 109.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to
be understood that we claim as secured to us under the above in part
recited Letters Patent in the first division thereof, and as applied to that
description of carding engine first above mentioned,―
Firstly. Placing the lifting wheel 9 below the centre of motion of the
cylinder.
Secondly. Adapting the said lifting wheel so that it moves bodily with
the other lifting apparatus.
Thirdly. The tappet 30 upon the wheel 9 and parts connected there-
with for shifting the driving wheel out of gear.
Fourthly. The toothed bend 31 and the pinions in gear therewith.
As applied to carding engines generally we claim,-
Firstly. Forming the flats with a convex surface.
Secondly. Attaching the card clothing to the sides of the flats.
Thirdly. The use of a flexible bend for supporting stationary flats pro-
vided with shoes, as above described.
Fourthly. Heeling the flats by placing them upon angular notches
formed in a flexible bend.
Fifthly. The use of the needle point roller 45.
In reference to the second division of our Invention, and as applied to
such throstles as are described in the Specification of our Patent afore-
said, we claim,―
Firstly. The use of the dividing plate illustrated at 56.
Secondly. The cam and registering pins, shewn particularly at
Fig. 9.
As applied to throstles generally we claim,-
Firstly. The use of the lifting rail or an intermediate part for separat-
ing the flyer and spindle.

page_text: Secondly. (As regards ring or traveller throstles generally) the conical
connexions illustrated at 74, 75, 91, 92, Figs. 8 and 13.
Thirdly. The methods of driving the bobbins by friction, as illustrated
at 85, 101, and parts connected therewith.
Lastly. In preparing and spinning machines removing the cap bar
from behind and placing it between two of the rollers; also causing the
saddle to rest upon two roller pivots.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Schofield Whitworth, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.
THOMAS SCHOFIELD WHITWORTH. (L.S.)