IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REFINING OF SUGAR, AND IN THE TREATMENT AND USE OF MATTERS OBTAINED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVES USED IN SUCH AND OTHER MANUFACTURES
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SCOFFERN, of Essex Street, in the County of Middlesex, M.B., send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-first
day of February, One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the thirteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Scoffern, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Scoffern,
my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said John Scoffern,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in the Islands of Guernsey,
Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND
REFINING OF SUGAR, AND IN THE TREATMENT AND USE OF MATTERS OBTAINED IN
SUCH MANUFACTURE, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVES USED IN SUCH AND OTHER
MANUFACTURES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said John Scoffern, should cause a particular description of the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Scoffern, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:
My Invention consists,-
First, of an improvement in the manufacture and refining of sugar when
used sub-acetates of lead;
Secondly, my Invention consists of manufacturing a pigment of lead, by
applying sulphite of lead;
And, thirdly, my Invention consists of improvements in valves suitable
for the pumps used when forcing sulphurous acid gas into syrups, and such
valves are also applicable to pumps where the fluid is to be forced in one
direction and prevented returning. And in order that the Invention may be
most fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to 'describe
the means pursued by me.
In the Specification of my former Patent I described the 'use of sub-acétates
of lead to the defecation of the saccharine solutions, and I have since found
that the best means of using the acetate of lead as a defecation for cane
juice is as follows:-The juice being received in a vessel (copper or iron)
to 'which heat can be applied (steam heat by preference), gradually raise
the temperature to about two hundred and ten degrees Fahrenheit, skimming
all the time, so as to remove impurities as they arise, then boil until the
juice shall have acquired one degree of density, or thereabouts, when examined
by Beaume's saccharometer, over the original density of the cane juice, and
for equal temperatures; then remove the source of heat, so as to let the
juice fall below the degree of boiling, but as little as possible; then add
the sub-acetate of lead, previously reduced by admixture with water to the
condition of a thin paste, and incorporate well by stirring. As to the
quantities of lead salt, I have usually found one sixth per cent. to suffice.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which consists of
the manufacture of a new pigment of lead by applying sulphite of lead. In
employing sub-acetates of lead in the manufacture and refining of sugar,
and then throwing the lead down by sulphurous acid, sulphite of lead
is 'formed, and I have found that this white powder has peculiar properties
(when used as a pigment) of retaining its white color, not being liable to
blacken 'by the action of hydro-sulphuric acid, and at the same 'time it offers
a good body, and, as it is technically termed, "covers" well. The sulphite
of lead, when obtained, is 'to be treated and made up into a pigment, and
used in like manner to ordinary white lead. I would 'remark, 'that although