IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO METALLIC FENCING
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Pemberton Williams, of Warrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Wire Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND RELATING TO METALLIC FENCING."
Sealed the 22nd October 1878, and dated the 25th April 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Pemberton Williams
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1878.
JOSIAH PEMBERTon Williams, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Wire
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO METALLIC FENCING."
The improvement consists in making and fastening together the several parts of
a metallic fence, so that the fence can be removed and erected without taking it to
pieces.
The process is as follows:-Take one or more lengths of bar or wire; theso
lengths are doubled up, twisted, and so arranged into any desired pattern or figure,
and are kept to the desired figure or position by short horizontal ties of bar or
wire. The ends of the ties are looped at both ends to admit an upright rod. The
loops of two separate parts or widths are then brought together and the rod passed
through them, joining the two widths together and yet allowing each width to fold
over the other. If the rod is then hammered into the ground it will fasten both
portions to the ground.
I prefer to place a head or loop on top of the rod, so that the panels or hurdles
cannot be lifted over it when fixed. By adding width to width, thus the fence is
made of any strength, width, or length, in one entire piece without staples or other
fastenings than the rods named, which being passed through the loops of the feuce;
become part thereof, and fasten the whole to the ground when simply hammered
into the earth. To strengthen and stay the fence, an improved pillar is placed at
certain distances.
The improvement consists in using a pillar of sufficient strength with hôles per-
forated on two sides to receive the loops of the cross bars of the fence.
:

page_text: A rod (similar to the rods coupling together the several parts of the fence) passes
down the centre of the pillar, couples the widths on each side, and then fastens
them to the ground, yet allows the widths free play to double over the opposite
widths.
Another feature also consists in making the foot of the pillar expand star-like
into arms standing at or nearly at right angles with the pillar.
A ring is attached to the bottom of the pillar, on which ring the arms are slung
so as to allow the arms to lie in the ground either in a horizontal or in a perpen-
dicular position, in order to suit the inequalities of the ground. To fix it a hole
can be dug the depth the pillar is to go, the rod or post carrying the arms is then
passed through the loop of the panels or hurdles down the pillar, which is then
lowered into the hole and hammered down till the arms expand, holding it firmly;
earth can then be filled round if desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Josiah Pemberton Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd October 1878.
JOSIAH PEMBERTON WILLIAMS, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Wire
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO METALLIC FENCING."
The improvement consists in making and fastening together the several parts of
a metallic fence, so that the fence can be removed and erected without taking it to
pieces.
The process is as follows:-Take one or more lengths of bar or wire; these
lengths are doubled up, twisted, and so arranged into any desired pattern or figure,
and are kept to the desired figure or position by short horizontal ties of bar or wire.
The ends of the ties are looped at both ends to admit an upright rod. The loops of
two separate parts or widths are then brought together and the rod passed through
them, joining the two widths together and yet allowing each width to fold over the
other. If the rod is then hammered into the ground it will fasten both portions to
the ground.
I prefer to place a head or loop on the top of the rod so that the panels or hurdles
cannot be lifted over it when fixed. By adding width to width, thus the fence is
made of any strength, width, or length, in one entire piece without staples or other
fastenings than the rods named, which being passed through the loops of the fence
become part thereof, and fasten the whole to the ground, when simply hammered
into the earth. To strengthen and stay the fence an improved pillar is placed at
certain distances.
The improvement consists in using a pillar of sufficient strength with holes per-
forated on two sides to receive the loops of the cross bars of the fence.
A rod (similar to the rods coupling together the several parts of the fence) passes
down the centre of the pillar, couples the widths on each side, and then fastens

page_text: them to the ground, yet allows the width free play to double over the opposite
widths.
17
Another feature also consists in making the foot of the pillar expand star-like
into arms standing at or nearly at right angles with the pillar.
A ring is attached to the bottom of the pillar, on which ring the arms are slung
so as to allow the arms to lie on the ground either in a horizontal or in a perpen-
dicular position, in order to suit the inequalities of the ground. To fix it a hole
can be dug the depth the pillar has to go. The rod or post carrying the arms is
then passed through the loops of the panels or hurdles, down the pillar, which is
then lowered into the hole and hammered down till the arms expand, holding it
firmly; earth can then be filled round if desired.
Referring to the Drawing, A, A, are the different sections of the fence made by
twisting the rod or wires as shown so as to leave loops B, B; C, C, are the rods
driven into the ground. These rods can be cottered below the wire A when driven
in to prevent their being pulled out; D, D, are intermediate rods similar to C, but
not so long, and cottered, as shown. If desired these can be made the same length
as C; E shows the improved pillar made by the rods F, F, which are bent at their
lower ends into a star-like form, as shown and secured to a boss G, through which
the central rod of the pillar passes, coupling the loops B, B, of the adjoining sections;
H shows a ring fitted over the rods F, and to which the arms I, I, are fitted.
These arms hang perpendicularly before driving the pillar into the earth when they
expand, as shown; J is a cast metal cap covering and securing the various rods of
the pillar.
Instead of constructing the pillar as shown, it may be cast hollow, or made of
sheet metal, in the tubular form to admit the passage of the central rod.
Also, the form and pattern of the twisted fence can be indefinitely varied without
departing from the principle of my Invention.
Having now described my Invention and the best mode known to me of carrying
it into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I believe to be new and desire
to claim under the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,--
1st. The manufacture of panels or sections of fencing with the panels or sections
hinged to one another as described, so that the fence is easily removed or set up,
and when not in use the various sections can be folded together.
2nd. The loops B when applied to fence panels or sections for the purposes
described.
3rd. The combination of the loops B on the sections A with the rods C, and
with or without strengthening pillars at intervals, substantially as described.
4th. The arrangement of pillar E provided with expanding and laterally sup-
porting bars, as and for the purposes described.
5th. The mode of constructing each section or panel of the fencing in one con-
tinuous piece by twisting the rods or wires, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Josiah Pemberton Williams, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord 1970
Witness,
E. GARDNER COLTON,
Messrs. W. P. Thompson & Co's Patent Office,
6, Lord St.,
Liverpool.
J. P. WILLIAMS.