IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS, GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING PURPOSES, AND COKE
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Carrington. Sellars, of Birkenhead, in the.
County of Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS, GAS FOR ILLUMINATING
AND HEATING PURPOSES, AND COKE."
Sealed the 1st October 1872, and dated the 4th April 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Carrington Sellars
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th April 1872.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS, GAS
FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING PURPOSES, AND COKE," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention consists essentially in mixing sea weed, sea grass, or
sea wrack (hereafter for brevity called sea ware) with any of the fol-
lowing substances, namely:-Coal tar, pitch, bitumen, and mineral oils,
either with or without peat, charcoal, or other carbonaceous matter,

page_text: previous to subjecting the mixture to distillation in stills or retorts to
obtain hydrocarbon liquids and carburetted hydrogen gas, or either of
them, and coke. The object in view in adding the sea ware is to promote
separation of the light hydrocarbons to obtain an increased yield of car-
buretted hydrogen gas, and to leave a coke fit for use as fuel, or suitable
for the manufacture of metal founders' blacking.
To produce hydrocarbon liquids in accordance with one modification
under my Invention, I mix sea ware in the newly cut or decomposed
state, preferably the latter, with peat, charcoal, and coal tar, or pitch, or
bitumen, or mineral oil in the following proportions by weight :-De-
composed sea ware, four parts; peat charcoal, one part; and coal tar,
pitch, or bitumen, or mineral oil, two and one-half parts. These are
well mixed together and subjected to distillation at a low temperature
in any ordinary apparatus.
To produce gas for illuminating and heating purposes in accordance
with one modification under my Invention, I mix sea ware, preferably
in the decomposed state, with peat smalls, coal tar, pitch, bitumen or
mineral oil in the following proportions by weight:-Sea ware, two
parts; peat smalls, one part; and coal tar, or pitch, or bitumen, or
mineral oil, one and a half parts. These are well mixed and formed into
blocks by pressure or otherwise, and used in retorts of any ordinary kind
employed in gas making.
The residue left in the still after drawing off the hydrocarbon liquids
is heated to redness and thereby converted into a dry coke. That coke,
like the coke left in the retorts after gas making, is suitable for use as
fuel, but is more valuable when ground or reduced for employment as
metal founders' blacking.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
J
filed by the said John Carrington Sellars in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th October, 1872.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One. thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors give
b and grant unto me, the said John Carrington Sellars, Her special licence
that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my.
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS, GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND
HEATING PURPOSES, AND COKE," upon the condition (amongst others) that
6 I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
> months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
ין
My Invention consists essentially in mixing sea weed, sea grass, or
sea wrack (hereafter for brevity called sea ware) with any of the fol-
lowing substances, namely:-Coal tar, pitch, bitumen, or mineral oils,
either with or without peat, charcoal, or other carbonaceous matter,
previous to subjecting' the mixture to distillation in stills or retorts to
obtain hydrocarbon liquids and carburetted hydrogen gas, or either of
them; and coke. The object in-view in adding the sea ware is to promote
separation of the light hydrocarbons to obtain an increased yield of car-
buretted hydrogen gas, and to leave a coke fit for use as fuel, or suitable
for the manufacture of metal founders' blacking.
To produce hydrocarbon liquids in accordance with one modification
under my Invention, I mix sea ware in the newly cut or decomposed
state, preferably the latter, with peat charcoal and coal tar, or pitch, or

page_text: bitumen, or 'mineral oil in the following proportions by weight :-De-
composed sea ware, four parts; peat charcoal, one part; and coal tar,
pitch, or bitumen or mineral oil, two and one-half parts. These are
well mixed together, and subjected to distillation at a low temperature
in any ordinary apparatus.
Under another modification for the production of liquid hydrocarbons,
I take by weight two parts sea ware, one part peat smalls or dried peat,
and one and one-half parts tar, pitch, bitumen or mineral oil; the mass
after being mixed is subjected to distillation.
I prefer that the mixing should be effected under edge runners, but
other appliances or means may be used. By a low temperature I mean
from 400° to 850° Fahrenheit.
To produce gas for illuminating and heating purposes in accordance
with one modification under my Invention, I mix sea ware, preferably
in the decomposed state with peat smalls, coal tar, pitch, bitumen, or
mineral oil in the following proportions by weight:-Sea ware, two
parts; peat smalls, one part; and coal tar, or pitch, or bitumen, or
mineral oil, one and a half parts. These are well mixed and formed into
blocks, by pressure or otherwise, and used in retorts of any ordinary
kind employed in gas making.
Under another modification for the production of gas making fuel or
material, I take, by weight two parts sea ware, one-eighth to one-fourth
part peat charcoal, and one and one-half parts coal tar, pitch, bitumen,
or mineral oil.
Although I prefer to form the said gas making fuel into blocks by
pressure, it will be obvious that it may be used as it leaves the edge
runners or other mixing apparatus.
The residue left in the still after driving off the hydrocarbon liquids is
heated to redness, and thereby converted into a dry coke. That coke,
like the coke left in the retorts after gas making is suitable for use as
fuel, but is more valuable when ground or reduced for employment as
metal founders' blacking.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and particu-
larized the same in such manner that others will be enabled to carry my
improvements into effect, I claim, the obtaining hydrocarbon liquids,
gas for illuminating and heating purposes, and coke, from the materials

page_text: herein-mentioned in admixture, substantially by the treatment and
means specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Carrington Sellars, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
In the presence of
J. T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
JNO. C. SELLARS. (L.S.)