Improvements in Anchors.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICUATION.
Improvements in Anchors.
I, EMIL CHARLES RETTIG, of 351 Decatur Street, Brooklyn, New
York, U.S.A. Broker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in anchors and the objects of my
improvements are, to provide an anchor which has a superior holding power, is
made of a limited number of independent casily fitted and disconnected parts, and
allows of its being tripped, fished and catted close to the bow of a vessel.
In the accompanying drawing,
Fig. 1 represents a perspective view of the anchor in the position when being
tripped.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partially in section of the anchor in the ground.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the anchor showing the independent part forming: the
arms in view, the head, the journal block and the fastening bolt entirely and the
shauk partly in section.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the shank of the anchor.
Fig. 5 is an end view of the head of the anchor.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the head.
"the arms
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the journal block fitting into the oblong recess in
the shank and holding when secured therein, the three principal parts,
"the shank" and "the head" in their relative positions.
,
Similar letters designate similar parts throughout the several views.
The main body of my anchor consists of three pieces: first, the central body A,
Figs. 3, 2 and 1, containing a cylindrical, central portion a placed between two
lugs a projecting from one side of the body A, and placed equi-distant from a
central plane cutting the cylinder a at right angles to its axis, and limited at one
end at the opposite side by a lug a², placed nearer to the central plane, the distance
between the inner plane of the lug a², and that of the nearest lug a', being equal
to the thickness of the central body of the head B, hereinafter described, while the
distance of the inner plane of the lug a², from that of the other lug a', is slightly
in excess of the thickness of the lower portion of the shank C, hereinafter
described; continuing both sides the body A, is bent in the customary manner
forming the arms a³ of the anchor, each arm terminating into a peculiarly shaped
palm P.
Second: The head B, consisting of a central body b, provided in the middle
with an oblong slot & rounded at both ends and of sufficient length and width to
allow the body A to be slipped through it till the head B, is brought to the
cylindrical portion of A, where the slot b' is closely fitted to the dimensions of A,
at the point where the lug a², is attached; when one side of slot being held against
the inner face of a lug a, the opposite side will form a continuation of the inner
face of the lug a, both standing at right angles to the axle of a
From the body or central rib b, project at both sides and ends at right angles
end flanges being preferably of the shape shown particularly in Figs. 5 and 6,

page_text: of the drawing, and provided with pangs or palms 6³, and projecting outer ribs,
which will hold the lower portion of the anchor head at an angle, when touching
the ground and will aid the palms &³ to enter the ground.
Third: The shank C, consisting of a body c tapering toward the rear end, cr
the end at which a loop e¹ is provided for the attachment of an anchor chain, and
terminating in a V-shaped shoulder c² at the lower end, at which it is attached to
the other parts of the anchor. There it is provided with an enlargement con-
taining an oblong slot c³ of sufficient length and width to allow a fluked arm to
pass through it. This slot c is rounded preferably at both ends and fitted around
the cylindrical portion a of the body A, in such a manner, that, when all the three
parts of the anchor are put together as shown in Fig. 3, the insertion of the journal
block m (especially shown in Fig. 7) into the open space of the slot c³ which is
secured in place by means of a bolt n, will lock all the parts in such a manner that
the shank is free to turn on the cylinder a till its motion is arrested by the
shoulder 2 of the shank touching the lower edge of the central flange b of the
head B. The loop c¹ is made of sufficient size to allow the easy insertion of a
bolt hook in fishing the anchor, and an eye c*, projecting beyond the crown of the
head B, (when all the parts of the anchor are connected) terminates the opposite
end of the shank C, and can be used for attaching the buoy chain or rope to the
anchor.
Of the two auxiliary parts of the anchor which serve to hold the three principal
parts together, the journal block m is fitted around the cylinder a, of the body A,
and also into the slot of the shank C, and will, when inserted and secured in
position preferably by an ordinary bolt passing transversely through both the
journal block m and the shank C, secure the shank C, rotatably to the body A,
carrying the arms of the anchor, and will at the same time lock the body A, and
the head B, firmly together, causing them to form practically one solid piece, the
lug a fitting into the oblong slot of the head B, preventing it from turning
while a lateral motion is checked by the lugs a' and the shank C.
In putting the parts together the oblong slot of the head B is passed over the
palms of an arm a³ and having passed one of the lugs a¹ it is slipped over the lug a³,
the motion at this point being arrested by a lug a¹.
Thereupon the shank C is inserted in a similar manner by slipping it over a
palm, arm and lug a' with the shoulder c² pointing towards the rib b of the head B,
till the motion is arrested by the lug a² and the inner surface of the rib b, of the
anchor head. At this point the combined thicknesses of the rib b of the head and
the lower portion of the shank C fill the space between the two lugs a', and the
shank C will thereby be guided sideways after the journal block m has been
secured in its slot c³, and left free to oscillate around the cylindrical portion a of
the body A.
The positions of the lug a² and the slot are preferably selected in such a
manner that when the parts are connected, the ribs or flanges with the palms 6³
run parallel to the central plane through the arms a³.
The construction of the head is such as to give the anchor a very quick hold in
the ground and also a very strong central holding power. The flanges 62 are cut
out to permit the shank to swing preferably through an angle of 42°.
The palms p project at the lower ends of the arms a³ in such a manner that the
greater part of them falls outside of the centre axles of the arms and has preferably
a tapering dull edge similar to the back of a knife, while at the inside a knife
edge pl and a recess p² is provided on each arm to facilitate their entering the
ground and taking a firm hold therein.
It is apparent that this anchor will practically have always three palms upon the
ground, and this fact and the free oscillating movement of the shank will give it
comparatively greater strength and holding power than ordinary anchors forged of
one piece.
All the parts being open patterns, each can be made or forged of one piece of
metal, not requiring welding, and the anchor, in its disconnected form, will permit

page_text: far better handling, and will be easier stored than ordinary anchors, besides the
saying in the cost of manufacture.
In catting the anchor the large loop c¹ will be convenient for fishing it, and the
flanges of the head having been brought up against the bow of a vessel,
the arms as will be held a short distance from the hull, and rest in a plane lying
approximately parallel to the bow at this point, witli none of its palms projecting
bevond the deck line of the vessel.
This anchor does not require any large shackles nor stack and the extended
loop at the rear end of the anchor increases its steadiness in the ground.
No fouling of this anchor is possible when it is lying in the ground, as the
chain of another vessel will slide easily over the curved crown of the head, or the
inclined side flange of it, the only portions of the anchor which rise slightly above.
the ground, neither will fouling of the anchor be possible when it is catted flat
against the bows of a vessel.
The peculiar construction of the head also insures the easy tripping of the
anchor.
The shank C being movable and the parts A and B, generally deeply imbedded
in the ground, being firmly held therein and prevented from turning by the
peculiarly shaped palms of the arms and projections from the head, will increase
the holding power of the anchor to such an extent that a much smaller and lighter
anchor can be employed to replace a heavy anchor of ordinary construction and
consequently there will be a considerable saving in the cost of manufacture, which
is made easier yet by dividing the heavy weight of an anchor in three almost equal
parts, each part being easier handled and shaped.
Dated this 7th day of January 1803
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.
I, EMIL CHARLES RETTIG of 351 Decatur Street, Brooklyn, New York,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
"My invention relates to improvements in anchors and the objects of my improve-
ments are, to provide an anchor which has a superior holding power, is made of a
limited number of independent easily fitted and disconnected parts, and allows of
its being tripped, fished and catted close to the bow of a vessel.
In the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification,
Fig. 1 represents a perspective view of the anchor in the position when being
tripped.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partially in section of the anchor in the ground.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the anchor showing the independent part forming the
arms in view, the head, the journal block and the fastening bolt entirely and the
shauk partly in section.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the shank of the anchor.
Fig. 5 is an end view of the head of the anchor.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the head.
"
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the journal block fitting into the oblong recess in
the shank and holding when secured therein, the three principal parts, "the arms
"the shank " and "the head" in their relative positions.
Similar letters designate similar parts throughout the several views.

page_text: The main body of my anchor consists of three pieces: First, the central body A,
Figs. 3, 2 and 1, containing a cylindrical, central portion a placed between two
lugs a projecting from one side of the body A, and placed equidistant from a
central plane cutting the cylinder a at right angles to its axis, and limited at one
end at the opposite side by a lug a², placed nearer to the central plane, the distance
between the inner plane of the lug a², and that of the nearest lug a', being equal to
the thickness of the central body of the head B, hereinafter described, while the
distance of the inner plane of the lug a² from that of the other lug a', is slightly in
excess of the thickness of the lower portion of the shank C, hereinafter described;
continuing both sides the body A, is bent in the customary manner forming the
arms as of the anchor, each arm terminating into a peculiarly shaped palin P.
Second: The head B, consisting of a central body b, provided in the middle
with an oblong slot & rounded at both ends and of sufficient length and width to
allow the body A to be slipped through it till the head B, is brought to the
cylindrical portion of A, where the slot B' is closely fitted to the dimensions of A,
at the point where the lug a², is attached; when one side of slot being held
against the inner face of a lug a', the opposite side will form a continuation of the
inner face of the lug a², both standing at right angles to the axle of a.
From the body or central rib b, project at both sides and ends at right angles
end flanges being preferably of the shape shown particularly in Figs. 5 and 6, of
the drawing, and provided with pangs or palms 63, aud projecting outer ribs 4,
which will hold the lower portion of the anchor head at an angle, when touching
the ground and will aid the palms to enter the ground.
Third: The shank C, consisting of a body e tapering toward the rear end, or
the end at which a loop c' is provided for the attachment of an anchor chain, and
terminating in a V-shaped shoulder c² at the lower end, at which it is attached to
the other parts of the anchor. There it is provided with an enlargement con-
taining an oblong slot c³ of sufficient length and width to allow a fluked arm to pass
through it. This slot e is rounded preferably at both ends and fitted around the
cylindrical portion a of the body A, in such a manner, that, when all the three
parts of the anchor are put together as shown in Fig. 3, the insertion of the journal
block m (especially shown in Fig. 7) into the open space of the slot c³ and is
secured in place by means of a bolt n, will lock all the parts in such a manner that
the shank is free to turn on the cylinder a till its motion is arrested by the
shoulder of the shank touching the lower edge of the central flange 6 of the
head B. The loop c¹ is made of sufficient size to allow the easy insertion of a bolt
hook in fishing the anchor, and an eye c, projecting beyond the crown of the head B,
(when all the parts of the anchor are connected) terminates the opposite end of
the shank C, and can be used for attaching the buoy chain or rope to the anchor.
Of the two auxiliary parts of the anchor which serve to hold the three principal
parts together, the journal block m is fitted around the cylinder a, of the body A,
and also into the slot of the shank C, and will, when inserted and secured in
position preferably by an ordinary bolt passing transversely through both the
journal block m and the shank C, secure the shank C, rotatably to the body A,
carrying the arms of the anchor, and will at the same time lock the body A, and
the head B, firmly together, causing them to form practically one solid piece, the
lug a fitting into the oblong slot of the head B, preventing it from turning while
a lateral motion is checked by the lugs a¹ and the shank C.
In putting the parts together the oblong slot of the head B is passed over the
palms of an arm a³ and having passed one of the lugs a¹ it is slipped over the lug a²
the motion at this point being arrested by a lug a'.
Thereupon the shank C is inserted in a similar manner by slipping it over a
palin, arm and lug a¹ with the shoulder c² pointing towards the rib 6 of the head B,
till the motion is arrested by the lug a² and the inner surface of the rib b, of the
anchor head. At this point the combined thickness of the rib of the head and
the lower portion of the shank C will fill the space between the two lugs a¹ and the
shank C will thereby be guided sideways after the journal block m has been

page_text: secured in its slot c³, and left free to oscillate around the cylindrical portion a of
the body A.
The positions of the lug a² and the slot 6' are preferably selected in such a
manner that when the parts are. connected, the ribs or flanges 62 with the palins b*
run parallel to the central plane through the arms a³.
The construction of the head is such as to give the anchor a very quick holl in
the ground and also a very strong central holding power. The flanges 63 are cut
out to permit the shank to swing preferably through an angle of 42°.
The palms p project at the lower ends of the arms a³ in such a manner that the
greater part of thein falls outside of the center axles of the arms and has preferably
a tapering dull edge similar to the back of a knife, while at the inside a knife
edge and a recess p² is provided on each arm to facilitate their entering the
ground and taking a firm hold therein.
It is apparent that this anchor will practically have always three palms upon
the ground, and this fact and the free oscillating movement of the shank will give
it comparatively greater strength and holding power than ordinary anchors forged.
of one piece.
All the parts being open patterns, each can be made or forged of one piece of
metal, not requiring welding, and the anchor, in its disconnected form, will permit
far better handling, and will be easier stored than ordinary anchors, besides the
saving in the cost of manufacture.
In catting the anchor the large loop c¹ will be convenient for fishing it, and the
flanges of the head having been brought up against the bow of a vessel,
the arms a³ will be held a short distance from the hull, and rest in a plane lying
approximately parallel to the bow at this point, with none of its palms projecting
beyond the deck line of the vessel.
This anchor does not require any large shackles nor stack and the extended loop
at the rear end of the anchor increases its steadiness in the ground.
No fouling of this anchor is possible when it is lying in the ground, as the chain
of another vessel will slide easily over the curved crown of the head, or the inclined
side flange of it, the only portions of the anchor which rise slightly above the
ground, neither will fouling of the anchor be possible when it is catted Hat against
the bows of a vessel.
The peculiar construction of the head also insures the easy tripping of the
anchor.
The shank C being movable and the parts A and B, generally deeply imbedded
in the ground, being firmly held therein and prevented from turning by the
peculiarly shaped palms of the arms and projections from the head will increase
the holding power of the anchor to such an extent that a much smaller and lighter
anchor can be employed to replace a heavy anchor of ordinary construction and
consequently there will be a considerable saving in the cost of manufacture, which
is made easier yet by dividing the heavy weight of an anchor in three almost equal
parts, each part being easier handled and shaped.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
consider novel and desire to claim is :-
1. In an anchor, a central body A, carrying arms provided with wide palins and
lugs, in combination with a head B, firmly connected therewith, and a shank C,
having the loop c¹ shoulder c² and a slot c³ rotatably connected with the said body A
and journal block m locking the parts together, as and for the purposes shown and
described.
2. In an anchor the combination of the arms with palms projecting farther
outside than inside and having the knife-edges p' at their lower inner end and
recesses at the central portions of the inner edges of said palms, as and for the
purposes herein set forth.
3. In an anchor the combination of a body having palmed arms a³, lugs a¹ and aª

page_text: with a head B, having a slot 6' and flanges 6ª and 6ª and tangs 6³, as and for the
purposes herein described and shown.
Dated this 16th day of September 1895.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.