Dock Quays or on Ship Board.
Year: 1886

page_text: Dock Quays or on Ship Board.
We GEORGE ADAMSON 4 Tynevale Terrace Gateshead co. Durham Engineer,
and JOSEPH THOMAS FENWICK 68 West Street, Gateshead co. Durham Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MOORING
BITTS OR BOLLARDS FOR PIERHEADS OR DOCK QUAYS OR ON SHIP BOARD to be
as follows:-
Our invention has for its object the prevention of dangerous strains or actual
breaking of the chain cables ropes or hawsers whether of hemp or wire used on
board ships when warping and mooring when in port or for riding when at anchor
or for towing.
According to our invention we use a fixed Bitt or Bollard and a Bitt or Bollard
free to move in suitable guides controlled by the resistance of strong metallic or
other springs preferably spiral or by some elastic substance such as India-rubber
interposed between the fixed Bitt or Bollard and the Bitt or Bollard moving in
the guides. On each Bitt or Bollard we fit grooved sheaves suitable for working
wire or hemp hawsers or stream cables, these are free to rotate on the Bitts or
Bollards and are actuated when releiving the strain and when the sliding Bitt or
Bollard controlled by the springs moves toward the fixed Bitt or Bollard.
The fixed and moving Bitt or Bollard are each constructed upon a strong circular
baseplate moving on a fixed centre and free to revolve in any direction. Its outer
circumference resting against rollers placed at suitable distance from one another.
These rollers and the circular baseplate carrying the Bitts or Bollards are all
contained in a main base or soleplate of powerful construction and held by
foundation bolts to the masonry or timber work of dock quay or pier head.
Round the outer edge of the main or under base or soleplate are bolted segments
supporting the upper end of the roller spindles and overlaping the inner baseplate
prevent it from rising when revolving or when under the heaviest strain.
As applied to Bollards or Bitts for mooring purposes on board ship or for towing
purposes the Bollards or Bitts will be constructed without the main or under base
or soleplate, the revolving inner base carrying the Bollards or Bitts, the rollers and
the segments supporting the roller spindles, but otherwise substantially as herein
before described with one fixed Bollard or Bitt and one sliding Bollard or Bitt
controlled by springs, and with grooved sheaves fitted and free to revolve on each
the whole fitted to slide in a bedplate firmly screwed by bolts to the ships deck.
Dated this twentieth day of March 1886.

page_text: Dock Quays or on Ship Board.
We GEORGE ADAMSON of 4 Tynevale Terrace Gateshead in the County of
Durham Engineer and JOSEPH THOMAS FENWICK of 68 West Street Gateshead in
the County of Durham Engineer do hereby declare the nature of our invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOORING BITTS OR BOLLARDS FOR PIERHEADS OR DOCK QUAYS
OR ON SHIP BOARD and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention has for its object the prevention of dangerous strains or actual
breaking of the chain cables ropes or hawsers whether of hemp or wire used on
board ships when warping and mooring when in port or for riding at anchor or
for towing.
According to our invention we use a fixed bitt or bollard and a bitt or bollard
free to move in suitable guides controlled by the resistance of strong metallic or
other springs preferably spiral or by some elastic substance such as india rubber
interposed between the fixed bitt or bollard and the bitt or bollard moving in the
guides. On each bitt or bollard we fit grooved sheaves suitable for working wire
or hemp hawsers or stream cables these are free to rotate on the bitte or bollards,
and are actuated when releiving the strain and when the sliding bitt or bollard
controlled by the springs moves toward the fixed bitt or bollard.
The fixed and moving bollard are each constructed upon a strong circular base
plate moving on a fixed centre and free to revolve in any direction--its outer
circumference resting against rollers placed at suitable distance from one another.
These rollers and the circular base plate carying the bitts or bollards are all
contained in a main base or soleplate of powerful construction and held by
foundation bolts to the masonry or timber work of dock quay or pier head.
Round the outer edge of the main or under base or soleplate are bolted segments
supporting the upper end of the roller spindles and overlaping the inner baseplate
prevent it from rising when revolving or when under the heaviest strain.
As applied to bollards or bitts for mooring purposes on board ship or for towing
purposes the bollards or bitts will be constructed without the main or under
base or soleplate-the revolving inner base carrying the bollards or bitts, the
rollers and the segments supporting the roller spindles, but otherwise substantially
as herein before described with one fixed bollard or bitt and one sliding bollard or
bitt controlled by springs and with grooved sheaves fitted and free to revolve on
each the whole fitted to slide in a bedplate firmly secured by bolts to the ships deck.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
The accompanying drawings illustrate our invention as we propose to carry it
into practical application for riding and towing bitts on board ships and when
applied for mooring and checking purposes on dock quays and pier heads.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation of the riding or towing bitts with a section of
the moving head as arranged for ships decks-Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of
the fixed and moving heads E. E. on lines A. C. and B. D. The base plate D. D,

page_text: is bolted to the ships deck and is so constructed that the fixed head or bollard and
the base form one casting. Each head is fitted with loose sheaves C. C. C. suitable
for working cables or hawsers and free to revolve when releiving strains or when
under compression, the resistance being afforded by powerful springs S. S. • The
moving head is held in position and travels in suitable V guides B. B. cast on and
forming part of the base plate D. D.
The arrangement shown at Figure 3 is a half plan of a bitt or bollard specially
adapted for pier heads or dock quays, and is generally similar to figures 1 and 2,
excepting that in this case the base N. N. on which is carried the fixed and moving
heads H. H moving in the V guide formed by the plate R. and controlled by the
spring S. is contained in the main base plate Ď. D. D. in which it is free to revolve
-working on the centre pivot O. and resting on the rollers L. L. L. which are held
in position by their spindles working in the base D. D. D. and in the segment
plate Q.Q. By this arrangement a direct line of pull is secured at all times
between the bitt heads and the moving body made fast thereto.
Figure 4 is a plan of a swivelled bitt suitably constructed either for working on
ship board or for pier heads the arrangement of the heads H. H. the V guides
formed by the plates B. B. and the controlling springs S. S. is similar in
construction and principle to that employed in the arrangements as described in
Figures 1. 2. and 3. But the whole is fixed to and works from the pivoted
centre E. F. and radiates upon the abutment plate D. D. and the rollers P. P. The
abutment plate also regulates the amount of radii through which the line of pull
can be taken.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The construction and arrangement of ships riding and towing bitts having
one fixed and one moving head each fitted with revolving sheaves and controlled
by metalic, india rubber, or other springs, as set forth and as shown in the
annexed drawings at Figures 1 and 2,
2. The particular construction and arrangement of a bitt or bollard specially
adapted for land purposes such as dock quays and pier heads having one fixed and
one moving head each fitted with revolving sheaves controlled and recoverable by
springs and the whole having a complete circular motion giving under all
conditions a straight and direct lead to the line of pull as set forth and as shown
by annexed drawing at Figure 3.
3. The particular construction and arrangement of a bitt or bollard equally
applicable for use on ship board, dock quays, or pier heads-having one fixed and
one moving head each fitted with revolving sheaves, controlled and recoverable
by springs but working from a fixed pivoted centre and having a direct lead to
the line of pull but limited to a radii within a certain range as may be allowed for
as set forth and as shown in the annexed drawing at Figure 4 the whole constructed
and operating in the manner and with the objects as described and illustrated.
Dated this 23rd day of November 1886
GEORGE ADAMSON.
JOSEPH THOMAS FENWICK.