IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,ARAOY
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Illingworth and Henry Illingworth, of
Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted Spinners, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Illingworth and
Henry Illingworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th April 1865.
We, ALFRED ILLINGWORTH and HENRY ILLINGWORTH, of Bradford, in the
County of York. Worsted Spinners, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIK," to be as follows:-
In the use of what are now commonly called Noble's machines, or, machines
where the fibre is acted upon to prepare it by larger and smaller circles of
teeth, it is usual for the drawings from the smaller circles of comb teeth to be at
once combined with the drawing from the teeth of the larger circle so as to
form one combined sliver. but we have found it highly advantageous to keep
these drawings distinct. For this purpose we conduct the drawing from the
teeth of the larger circle through tubes or by other suitable guides in a
separate sliver to the ball as heretofore, or to cans or other receivers, and the
drawings from the teeth of the smaller circles are in the form of separate

page_text: slivers conducted to separate cans or receivers, or are formed into balls, by
which means the different qualities or characters of slivers obtained by the
drawings from the respective sets of teeth are kept distinct and may be applied
to different purposes.
And in further operating upon wool or other fibres, to spin or twist them,
we find it advantageous to continue the action upon the flyers after the motion
of the feed rollers has ceased. For this purpose according to another part
of our improvements the pulley for giving motion to the feed rollers is in
place of being affixed as heretofore to the main or other shaft so as to stop
only with the stopping of the drum used in giving motion to the flyers, that
pulley is connected to its shaft by clutch connection, acted upon by the stop
motion by which that pulley may be disconnected instantaneously, although
the flyers may continue to make a few more turns during the time that the
driving strap is passing off the fast on to the loose pulley.
When using cap or bell frames the spindles of which are stationary, it has
been usual with us to give additional security to them by the use of set nuts,
capable of moving on threads formed on the lower ends of these spindles and
pressing on the spindle rail, but we have found such nuts liable to become
loose by use, and the object of another part of our improvements is to obtain
security to these nuts by a hinged bar or rail, or series of them, acting against
these nuts as stops to prevent them from becoming loose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Illingworth and Henry Illingworth in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 4th October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALFRED
ILLINGWORTH and HENRY ILLINGWORTH, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Worsted Spinners, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Alfred Illingworth and Henry Illingworth, Her special licence that we, the
said Alfred Illingworth and Henry Illingworth, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Alfred Illingworth and Henry
Illingworth, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the

page_text: term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WOOL
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Alfred Illingworth and Henry
Illingworth, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Alfred Illingworth and Henry Illing-
worth, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Our Invention relates, first, to the process of drawing off wool or other
fibres from a certain description of combing machines.
Secondly, the Invention relates to improvements in means or apparatus for
spinning or twisting wool and other fibres.
Thirdly, the Invention relates to improvements in that class of means or
apparatus employed in spinning or twisting wool and other fibres commonly
called "cap" or "bell" frames.
But that the Invention may be clearly understood we will proceed more
fully to describe means pursued by us for carrying the same into effect.
In the use of that description of combing apparatus now commonly called
"Noble's machines," or machines in which the fibre under operation is acted
upon to prepare or comb it by the combined influence of larger and smaller
circles of teeth, it is usual for the drawings from the smaller circles of comb
teeth to be at once combined before leaving such machines with the drawings
from teeth of the larger circle, so as thereby to form when drawn from such
machines one combined sliver the result of the drawings from the smaller
as well as from the larger circles of comb teeth.
The character or quality of the fibre as drawn from the teeth of the smaller
circles in such machines is shorter and inferior from that drawn from the
teeth of the larger circles of such machines, and the two characters or qualities
thus obtained are adapted to very different purposes. And we have found it
highly advantageous to conduct these drawings from the respective sizes of
circles of combs out of the machines separately so as to keep them distinct.
For this purpose we conduct the drawing from the teeth of the larger circle

page_text: through tubes, or by other suitable guides in a separate sliver to its delivery,
where it is formed into a ball or is received into a can or other suitable
receiver. And the drawings from the teeth of the smaller circles are in
the form of sliver separately conducted to cans or other receivers, or are
formed into balls, as may be thought most desirable, by which means the
different character or quality of sliver obtained in drawing off from the teeth
of the smaller circles is kept distinct from that obtained by drawing off
from the teeth of the larger circle so that they may be applied to separate
purposes.
We have not thought it necessary to illustrate this part of the Invention
by Drawings, as a workman accustomed to the use of this class of machinery
will from the statement already given readily apply other tubes or guides and
make those changes generally which may be desirable in order to keep the
drawings distinct as described.
We will now describe the second part of our Invention, the object of which
is when operating upon wool or other fibres for the purpose of spinning and
twisting them to continue the motion upon the flyers and tubes after the
motion of the feed rollers feeding such flyers and tubes has ceased, by which
we are enabled at the change of bobbins to give a slight additional twist to the
thread and consequent strength to it, thereby reducing the tendency to breakage
of such threads on the empty bobbins. For this purpose the pulley, for giving
motion to the feed rollers is in place of being affixed, as heretofore, to the main
or other shaft, so as to stop only with the stopping of the drum used in giving
motion to the flyers or tubes, that pulley is connected to its shaft by clutch
connection capable of being acted upon by the stop motion by which that
pulley may be disconnected instantaneously, thereby instantaneously stopping
the feed motion, whilst the flyers may continue to make a few more
turns during the time that the driving strap is passing off the fast on to the loose
pulley.
Figure shows an end view of some of the parts of a spinning frame
with our improvements applied to it, and Figure 2 a front sectional view of
the same.
a, a, indicates the main framing; b, the main or driving shaft upon which is
applied, in the usual way, the fast pulley c receiving motion by a band or strap d
from a steam engine or other suitable power; e is the loose pulley, and the
drum affixed on the main shaft or axis b, for giving motion by bands or cords g
to the spindles of the flyers; h, is the pulley for giving motion by bands or
straps i, i, to other pulleys i, j, and thence by suitable gear, as is well under-
stood, to the drawing and feed rollers k, l, m, for drawing the fibre under

page_text: operation from bobbins n, and feeding it to the flyers. Some of the tooth
gear for communicating motion to these feed rollers is indicated by red lines,
but as the motion to these parts forms no portion of the Invention we have
not thought it necessary to particularize it.
The pulley has arranged to carry out this part of the Invention in place
of being a fixture on the shaft so as at all times to revolve with it, is capable
of sliding thereon, and it is formed to clutch with the boss of the driving drum
c, and when so clutched of revolving with that drum c and the driving axle or
shaft b, or when not clutched of allowing that drum c and the shaft revolving
without causing rotation of the pulley h; o is the stop rod, by sliding which
endways, the driving strap d may be thrown off one on to the other of the
pulleys and c. This rod is supported in suitable bearings so that by a
suitable lever or arm at one end or part thereof it may be caused to slide
endwise and also to partially rotate as desired. On this rod is formed a neck
to receive the fork p' formed on the tarned up end of the rod p. which is
capable of sliding endwise in suitable guides a', a', and it carries the fork p³
for shifting the driving strap d from one to the other of the pulleys e and e;
q is a boss embracing the rod o, and having a stud or projection which passes
into a longitudinal groove formed for it in the rod o, so that when partial
rotation is given to the rod o it will cause a corresponding partial rotation to
be given to the boss q, at the same time the boss q, is prevented from taking
any endway motion given to the rod o, by that boss being sustained between
the stationary fork a 'The boss is formed with an arm acting as a
spindle q' to carry a pulley . The pulley is formed with a neck to receive
the forked lower end of the lever r which is capable of turning on the fixed
axis r', and at its upper end is in position to be acted upon by the pulley q'.
when that pulley is brought against it by the partial rotation of the rod o, and
when thus acted upon of being moved so as to free the pulley from its
clutch connection. When the pulley q is withdrawn from action upon the
upper end of the lever r, that lever is caused to re-effect clutch connexion by
the action of a spring. It will thus be seen that by simply moving the rod o
endwise the driving strap d will be moved from one to the other of the
pulleys c and e, but if when the driving band or strap d is acting on the fast
pulley c, and it is desired to shift it on to the loose pulley e, that rod is at the
same time turned partly round so as to bring the pulley q to act on the lever r
and cause it to disengage the pulley h from the pulley by which the motion
to the feed rollers will at once cease, whilst that to the spindles will continue
during the traverse of the trap or band d on to the loose pulley e.
We will now describe the third part of our Invention.
When using what

page_text: are called "cap" or "bell" frames, the spindles of which are stationary, it
has been usual with us to give additional security to the fixing of these spindles
by the use of set nuts applied near the lower ends of such spindles and so as
to press or bind on the spindle rail, but we have found such nuts liable to
become loose by constant use, and the object of this part of the improvements
is to obtain security to these nuts by the application of a hinged bar or rail or
a series of them acting against these nuts as stops to prevent them from turning
and thereby becoming loose. Figures 3 and 4 show a section and plan of
part of a rail with spindles, the set nuts of which are acted upon according
to this portion of the improvements: s is the rail; t, t, are the spindles to
receive "caps" or "bells" as is well understood.
formed with a screw at its lower end t' by which it
and it is there held tightly by a nut u, one surface of which presses on the
upper surface of the rail s. is a bar acting by the pressure of its edge v¹
against one of the squares of each of the nuts u. The bar is capable of
turning upon hinges 3, or it may be otherwise held so as to be readily removed
for the turning of the nuts u, and in place of one stop to several nuts u there
may be a separate stop to each of them.
Each of the spindles t is
is screwed into the rail's,
In witness whereof, we the said Alfred Illingworth and Henry Illingworth
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Second day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-five.
ALFRED ILLINGWORTH. (1.S.)
HENRY ILLINGWORTH.
(L.S.)