Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 5th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 15th Jan., 1839
A communication from abroad by MIDDLETON CRAWFORD, residing at Brooklyn,
New York, and doing business at the Cotton Exchange Building, New York,
United States of America.
--
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both in
the County of Lancaster, and 323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the application of heat to oil-bearing substances during
expression of the oil, and to presses adapted to receive and discharge such substances
without intermission.
The press consists principally of a ring, or hollow cylinder suitably mounted,
preferably in a vertical plane, and a smaller cylinder or wheel eccentrically mounted
within the first, so that the annular space between the two may be less upon one side
than on the other. Now, when the two cylinders are thus placed, if material to be
pressed is fed into the space between them at its widest part, and if the cylinders be
at the same time rotated; the material is carried through the narrowest part of the
space and subjected thus to an enormous pressure, very gradually applied and
removed. As the material passes again into the wider portion of the space after
compression, it is removed by suitable scrapers. Plates at the ends of the cylinders,
which are of the same length, prevent untimely escape of the material.
The contiguous faces are perforated at intervals and provided with surface grooves
leading to these openings. The perforations lead to annular passages a little below.
or within the perforated surfaces, and from these passages ducts lead to the end faces
of the cylinders so that oil may escape readily from all parts of the material
compressed. Each pressing surface is covered with a layer of wire cloths, perforated
07

page_text: metal or other rigid material, and over this is placed a porous layer, as of cloth for
example. The cloth prevents the passage of solid matter with the expressed oil, and
the wire. cloth or perforated sheet prevents the cloth of the porous layer from
obstructing the surface grooves. The cylinders, are, one or both provided with
annular steam chambers, near the pressing surfaces, and into these steam is introduced
during the operation of the press, so that the material may be raised to any desired
temperature. By thus applying high heat at the instant of compression the oil is more
perfectly extracted. Steam may be introduced to the inner cylinder through its
hollow shaft.
1000

page_text: Improvements in or relating to the Treatment of Oil-bearing
Substances during Expression of
the Oil, and in Presses
Applicable for Receiving and Discharging such
without Intermission.
Substances
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S. M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors 6, Lord Street Liverpool and 6, Bank Street Manchester, both in
the County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :--
This invention relates to the application of heat to oil bearing substances during
expression of the oil, and to presses adapted to receive and discharge such substances
without intermission.
The invention is best described by aid of the accompanying drawings, which show
the apparatus in the most complete form elaborated by Mr. Crawford, and which
include certain parts and particulars invented since the provisional specification was
applied for, but which Mr. Crawford proposes to claim under his application
No. 16328 of November 10th, 1888, and which therefore are not claimed here, but
merely shown in order to depict the invention carried out in its most effective form.
Figure 1 is a side view of the apparatus with parts broken away.
Figure 2 transverse section of the same.
Figure 3 a transverse section of discharge shute, and
Figure 4 a partial flat projection showing the channels and perforations on face of
wheel.
The press consists principally of a ring, or hollow cylinder A, suitably mounted,
preferably in a vertical plane,, and a smaller cylinder or wheel B, eccentrically
mounted within the first, so that the space between the two may be less upon one side
than on the other. Now, when the two cylinders are thus placed, if material to be
pressed is fed into the space between them at its widest part, and if the cylinders be
at the same time rotated, the material will be carried through the narrowest part of
the space, and thus subjected to an enormous pressure very gradually applied and
removed. As the material passes again into the wider portion of the space after
compression, it is removed by suitable scrapers C. Plates D which extend nearly all
the way round on each side or end of the cylinders, prevent untimely escape of the
material, and are provided with channels E, and with a discharge orifice E¹ (Figure 2)
connected therewith for the flowing off of the expressed oil or other liquid.

page_text: The contiguous faces of the cylinders are perforated at intervals as at G (Figure 4),
and are provided with surface grooves F F leading to these openings. The per-
forations G extend for a short distance below or within the perforated surfaces of the
cylinders, and from their inner ends ducts G' lead to the end faces of the cylinders,
and open into the channels Ę in covers D, as hereafter described, so that oil may
escape readily from all parts of the material compressed. Each pressing surface is
covered with a layer of wire cloth, perforated metal, or other rigid material I, and
over this is placed a porous layer, such as 1' of cloth, for example:-The cloth
prevents the passage of solid matter with the expressed oil, and the wire cloth or
perforated sheet prevents the cloth of the porous layer from obstructing the surface
grooves F. The cylinders are, one or both, provided with an annular steam or other
heating chamber J, near the pressing surfaces, and into these, steam is introduced
during the operation of the press, so that the material may be raised to any desired
temperature. By thus applying high heat at the instant of compression, the oil is
more perfectly extracted. Steam may be introduced to the inner cylinder through its
hollow shaft S.
Describing the apparatus, as delineated, more minutely, K is the foundation plate.
Upon this are placed standards K¹ carrying the bearings of cylinder B, the exact
position of these standards on the bed plate can be regulated by causing them to slide
in a slide K², and by adjusting them by means of strong screwed bolts L at their
upper ends, which take the entire strain of the crushing. By this means, the distance
between the centres of the two cylinders, and thus the degree of compression, can be
exactly regulated without throwing plates D attached to the standards perceptibly out
of truth with the inner cylinder. M is a heavy casting or forging carried by the bed
plate and rigidly connected to the standards K' by the bolts L. It carries guide
pulleys M¹ to support and guide the outer cylinder and resist the heavy strain caused
by the crushing. A further pulley or pulleys M can also be used to bear the weight
of cylinder A, the block M has lugs M³ projecting over plates D, so as to hold them
firm against each side of cylinders A and B, the pressure being regulated by the set
screws m. These plates are also supported by the standards K and are fixed to the
standards by screws D₁ D' in such a manner that the pressure of the plates against
the cylinders may be regulated. The plates D are supplied with channels E as
aforesaid, corresponding to the ends of channels or ducts G¹ forming complete rings
round the plates. A pipe O covering the discharge orifice E¹ of each plate D leads to
the oil tank or receptacle which can have a partial vacuum maintained therein by an
air pump to assist the running away of the oil. P is the discharge spout which is
combined with the scrapers CC passing through a gap d in one plate D, the combined
spout and scrapers being formed in two parts so as to be adjustable to varying widths
of the space between A and B. It can be adjusted by springs or by bolts, wedges or
other adjusting device, or by slot and set stud as shown in Figure 3. The delivery
spout delivers the material to be ground into the space between cylinders A and B.
This spout passes through a gap in the other plate D nearly opposite to where the
lischarge spout is placed, and delivers its material into the space just scraped by the
scrapers CCR is the driving toothed wheel driving the cylinder A and consequently
the cylinder B by means of the annular rack Q, and driven by shaft. W and gearing Y.
The cylinder B may also be driven by separate gearing if desired. S is the hollow
shaft by which steam enters into the annular steam space J. The bed plate is pre-
ferably trough form to catch any possible leakage of oil or seed that may occur.
a standard attached to the bed plate and carrying the platform supporting the spouts
and scrapers. It also supports the plates D and by means of projecting lugs d¹ and
set screws, the faces of plates D are kept firmly against the cylinders.
The mode of action is as follows:-
--
T is
The two cylinders being adjusted to the right distance apart for the material to be
crushed this distance can only be arrived at for each material by actual trial-steam
is turned on, the vacuum formed, and as soon as the rolls are hot enough, the feeding.
commences. In the machines shown in the drawings, steam is only let into the inner
roll B, but if desired, steam spaces can also be formed in the outer.roll, in which case,

page_text: the steam is let in through an annular plate similar to D outside the diameter of the
latter, or formed in one with it, and an annular groove with one or more holes leads
the steam into the hollow body of the annular cylinder A. The outer cylinder A
slowly revolving draws along the material fed in between it and the inner cylinder B.
This latter then begins to revolve with the friction, and as the material is warmed and
pressed tighter and tighter between the rolls, the oil is pressed through the perforated
plates, wire, and other cloth, and is further assisted by the partial vacuum, if such be
used. The material exhausted of its oil is scraped out by the scrapers C C leaving
the space between the cylinders, beyond the scrapers, ready for fresh feed.
In those cases where a solvent has to be added to assist the extraction of the oil or
other material, the solvent can be put in with the grain or other material, or by a pipe
a little beyond the feed spout. It will be seen that this apparatus differs from
existing presses, in that it is continuous in its action, and also differs from most
presses in that it heats the material while in the press, which is a great advantage.
The apparatus is valuable for extracting oils, essencos, tinctures, and saccharine and
other juices.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
mé by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:
1. In an oil press, an external pressing cylinder and an internal pressing cylinder
eccentric thereto, one or both of said cylinders being grooved and perforated on the
pressing surface and lined with porous and rigid filtering material, in combination
with a pair of end plates D preventing the solid material escaping under pressure, but
allowing the liquid matter to escape freely at the ends of the cylinders through the
said perforations.
2. In combination with a revolving press, formed of a cylinder and of an annulus
eccentric thereto, an annular heating chamber formed near the pressing wall in the
annulus in the cylinder or in both, whereby the material is heated while being
pressed.
3. The various parts of the mechanism, mentioned in the provisional specification,
substantially as herein described, no claim being made however broadly for the
combination of an annulus and eccentric cylinder, or for any single individual piece
of mechanism, such as a bolt, a pulley, a spur wheel, a spout or scraper, when taken
separately or when used for other purposes, but only when combined with other parts
to form a machine, substantially of the nature herein described.
4. The process of treating oil bearing substances during the expression of the oil,
which consists in bringing a gradually increasing pressure upon a thin layer of the
substance between porous surfaces till the maximum pressure is reached, and at the
same time heating one or both of those surfaces by steain or other heating device.
Dated this 4th day of December 1888.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.