Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 27th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 25th May, 1889
I, ENILE MAERTENS, of 295, Broadway, Providence, Rhode Island, United States,
America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is first, to provide means by which light and heavy
places may be avoided in cloth, second, to improve the weaving qualities of the warp,
and third, to avoid tight and slack section marks in the cloth.
I accomplish my object by providing the loom with a positive take up, and let off
motion, driven by worms, and worm wheels, the two being connected together and
geared up in such a way, that any motion imparted to the one, is also imparted to the
other in either direction.
The amount of picks put into the cloth is regulated by the number of teeth on the
change gear, and the amount of warp to be delivored for each yard of cloth is
likewise regulated by change gears.
In case of two or three warps being used, the proportionate delivy of each is
regulated by change gears.
The letting off mechanism may be driven from, and connected with, the taking up
roller by shaft or chain and gearing, and means provided to regulate the proportion
of warps to be delivered per yard of cloth to be woven; or the letting off mechanism
may be driven by a separate train of gears, in which case it will be necessary to
change the gearing on the let off in proportion to the picks, as well as to the amount
of take up of the warp due to the crossing of the warp and weft threads; whereas
if the letting off mechanism is driven from the taking up roller, nothing but the
length of warp to be delivered in proportion to the cloth produced need be taken in
consideration.
In the first case, the speed at which the warps must be delivered, as well as their
proportioned length to the length of cloth produced must be considered.
The worms driving the let off, and take up are on sleeves, loose on a shaft, and
connected with the shaft by means of a clutch device; so that either the let off or
take up mechanism, may be thrown out of gear and operated by hand independently
when occasion requires.

page_text: The let off and take up mechanism is connected with the head motion or dobby,
operating the healds in such a way, that when a shed is drawn, and a pick inserted
into the warp, the cloth is taken up and the warp let off proportionately; on the
other hand, if it is found necessary to unweave or pick out, the let off and take up
motions are reversed in the same time as the chain, and when the weaver has picked
out pick by pick, such weft threads, the cloth has been let hack and the warp pulled
back in the same proportion as they were originally taken up and delivered; and the
weavor has nothing moro to do thun to reverse the clutch once more, and start his
luoin.
The letting off mechanism may consist in a series of rotating rollers, through which
the warp is drawn; or in a rotating roller covered with flexible material working
between moveable jaws connected together by sheet brass, copper, or other metal, Lent
to the curvature of the circumference of the covered roller; the warp threads being
conducted between the rotating roller and metal plate by which they are drawn from
the warp beam; upon which, by these means, I am enabled to wind the yarn slack or
soft, and thus preserve the elasticity of the warp.
Dated this 18th day of June 1888.

page_text: I, EMILE MAERTENS, of 295 Broadway, Providence, Rhode Island, United States,
America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is, first, to provide means by which light and heavy
places may he avoided in cloth, second, to improve the weaving qualities of the warp,
and third, to avoid light and slack section marks in the cloth.
I accomplish my object by providing the loom with a positive take-up and let-off
motion, driven by worms and worm wheels, the two being connected together and
geared up in such a way that any motion imparted to the one is also imparted to the
other in either direction.
The amount of picks put into the cloth is regulated by the number of teeth on the
change gear, and the amount of warp to be delivered for each yard of cloth is likewise
regulated by change gears.
In case of two or three warps being used, the proportionate delivery of each is
regulated by change gears.
The letting off mechanism may be driven from, and connected with, the taking up
roller by shaft or chain and gearing, and means provided to regulate the proportion
of warps to be delivered per yard of cloth to be woven; or the letting off mechanism
may be driven by a separate train of gears, in which case it will be necessary to
change the gearing on the let-off in proportion to the picks, as well as to the amount
of take-up of the warp due to the crossing of the warp and weft threads; whereas if
the letting off mechanism is driven from the taking up roller, nothing but the length
of warp to be delivered in proportion to the cloth produced need be taken into
consideration.
In the first case, the speed at which the warps must be delivered, as well as their
proportioned length to the length of cloth produced, must be considered.
The worms driving the let-off and take-up are on sleeves, loose on a shaft, and
connected with the shaft by means of a clutch device, so that eit' er the let-off or
take-up mechanism may be thrown out of gear and operated by hand independently,
when occasion requires.
The let-off and take-up mechanism is connected with the head motion or dobby,
operating the healds in such a way that when a shed is drawn, and a pick inserted into
the warp, the cloth is taken up and the warp let off proportionally; on the other
hand, if it is found necessary to unweave or pick out, the let-off and take-up motions
are reversed at the same time as the chain or gearing, and when the weaver has picked
out pick by pick, such weft threads, the cloth has been let back and the warp pulled

page_text: back in the same proportion as they were originally taken up and delivered, the
weaver having nothing more to do than to reverse the clutch once more, and start
the loom.
The lotting off mechanism may consist in a series of rotating rollers, through which
the warp is drawn, or in a rotating roller covered with flexible material working
hetween movable jaws connected together by sheet brass, copper, or other metal, bent
to the curvature of the circumference of the covered roller; the warp threads being
conluctal between the rotating roller and metal plate by which they are drawn from
the warp beam, upon which, by these means, 1 am enabled to wind the yarn slack or
soft, and thus preserve the elasticity of the warp.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood, I will refer to the
accompanying sheet of drawings, in which—
Fig. 1. represents, in side elevation, sufficient of an ordinary type of loom to
illustrate my invention.
Fig. 2. being a side view of the gearing whereby the primary let-off" roll is
driven.
Fig. 3. a plan view of parts of the two let-off rolls and of the gearing trains for
operating the same.
Fig. 4. a side view of the gearing train whereby the secondary lei-off roll is driven
from the primary let-off roll.
Fig. 5. an end view of the gearing train whereby the take-up roll is actuated;
and.
Figs. 6. and 7. side elevations, representing modified forms of let-off devices in
accordance with the invention.
The roller. 1, is the primary let-off roll of the loom, and 2, the take-up roll, the
gearing for driving the primary let-off roll comprising a worm 3 on a shaft. 4, this
worm gearing into a worn wheel 5, which has a pinion 6. gearing into a wheel 7 on
an arm 8, hung to the shaft 9 of the primary let-off roll 1, the hub of the gear
wheel 7 having a pinion 10, which meshos into a spur wheel 11 on the shaft of said
primary let-off roll, he wheel 7 being the change wheel whereby the speed of the
let-off roll in respect to that of the worn wheel 5 is regulated, and the adjustable
arm 8 providing for the use of change wheels of different sizes.
Substantially similar goaring is used for driving the take-up roll, this gearing
comprising spur gear shafts 12. and 13. the latter having a worin 14, which meshes
with a worm wherl 15, the hub of which has a pinion 16, engaging with a change
wheel 17, hung to an arm 18, on the shaft of the take-up roll, the hub of said change
wheel 17, having a pinion 19, which meshes with a spur wheel 20 on the take-up roll
axle.
The shafts 4. and 12. which actuate respectively, the let-off and take-up motions,
are driven from the head motion shaft 2.1 of the loom, the latter having hovel
wheels 22 and 23 each of which gears into a bevel wheel 24 on the shaft 4, and into a
bevel wheel 25 on the shaft 12, so that both shafts 4 and 12 are driven at the samo
time, and at the same speed, the direction depending upon which of the bevel
wheels 22 or 23 is clutched to the shaft 21, the bevel wheels thus forming a reversing
device, and permitting the rotation of the shaft 21 continuously.
During the weaving operation, the shaft 21 is driven from the crank shaft 50 of
the loom through the medium of spur wheels 51 and 52, bevel wheels 53 and 54, and
a clutch 55, and the upper ond of tho shaft 21 is connected by hovel gears 56 and 57,
to a shaft 58, which governs the dobby and the operation of the heddles by any of the
usual forms of mechanism.
The wheels 22 and 23 are loose on the shaft 21, and the clutch 55 has a double
fenther 58, (see Fig. 8) so that when the clutch is in one position, and the shaft is
being driven by the gearing below, one of the bevel wheels 22, or 28, will be clutched
to the shaft, but when the clutch 55 is moved so as to unclutch the shaft 21 from the
gears below, the other bevel wheel will be clutched to the shaft, so that when the latter
is turned by hand in picking out wofts, the movement imparted to the shafts 4 and 13
will be the reverse of that imparted when the loom was weaving.

page_text: 26 is the secondary let-off roll, which is driven from the primary let-off roll by a
spur wheel 27, which meshes with a pinion 28, gearing into a spur wheel 29. on the
shaft of the secondary let-off roll, the pinion 28 being carried by an arm 30, so that it
can be adjusted to suit different sized spur wheels 27.
The means provided to regulate the proportion of warps to be delivered per yard of
cloth to be woven are per centage gears in the trains for driving the primary and
secondary let-off rolls. The per-centage gear in the train for driving the primary
let-off roll bears the same relation to a like gear in the train for driving the take-up
roll that the length of cloth produced bears to the length of warp required to
produce it; for instance, if the percentage gear is the wheel 5, and the corresponding
wheel 15 in the take-up train has a hundred teeth, the wheel 5 in the let-off
train would have but ninety teeth, the diameter of the let-off roll being so pro-
portioned in respect to the diameter of the take-up roll that if the gear 5 had a
hundred teeth, the surface speed of the let-off and take-up rolls would be uniform.
To regulate the respective speeds of the primary and secondary let-off rolls, and
supposing that said rolls are so proportioned and geared that with a hundred teeth
in the gear 27, the rolls would have a uniform surface speed, differential speeding
of the rolls is provided for by giving the gear 27 a number of teeth represented
by the percentage which the surface speed of the secondary let-off roll has to bear to
that of the primary let-off roll; for instance, if the surface speed of the secondary
let-off roll was represented by a percentage of 110, the wheel 27 would have 110 teeth,
and if by ninety, the wheel 27 would have but ninety teeth, and likewise for other
percentages.
Two warp beams are shown, and primary and secondary let-off rolls, one for the
warp from one beam and the other for the warp from the other beam, are illustrated
in the drawing, as the loom there shown is one having two independent warps, one for
the face of the fabric and the other for the back of the fabric. Where but a single
warp is used one of the warp beams and one of the let-off rolls will be dispensed
with.
31 represents the sleeve carrying the let-off driving worm 3, and 32 represents the
clutch finger whereby said sleeve is connected to the collar 33 on the shaft 4, but can
be readily disconnected therefrom when it is desired to operate the worm independently
of the shaft.
In like manner 34, 35 and 36 represent respectively the worm carrying sleeve
clutch finger and collar of the take-up mechanism.
37 represents the flexible material with which the let-off rolls are covered and in
Fig. 6. 38 and 39 represent the rotating rolls in connection with which tho let-off roll
with its flexible covering operates, the warp being drawn between the flexible covering
of the surface of the let-off roll, and the surfaces of the rolls 38 and 39.
The movable jaws which operate in conjunction with the flexible covered let-off roll,
in the preferred form of device, however are shown at 40, the jaws being hinged so as
to be clamped upon the surfaces of the let-off rolls by set screws 41, so that the smooth
surfaces of the jaws or shells press the warp threads against the flexible coverings of
the let-off rolls, and insure positively uniform let-off throughout the entire length of
euch roll, irrespective of slack or tight winding of the warp upon the warp beams 42,
and 43.
In Fig. 7. is shown a single jaw or shell embracing a part of the circumference of
the covered let-off roll, the latter in this case being weighted to insure the proper
friction upon the warp.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The combination in a loom of positively connected let-off and take-up mechanism
with a head motion shaft or some equivalent part of the loom which is operative both
in weaving and unweaving and gearing whereby the let-off and take-up mochanism
are driven from said shaft or its equivalent so that in unweaving the warp is pulled

page_text: back in the same proportion as it was originally taken up and delivered in weaving
the part which is being picked out.
2. A let-off device consisting of a roll covered with frictional or elastic material and
means such as another roll or rolls or a shell or shells for pressing the warp throads
against the frictional surface of the let-off roll substantially as shown and described.
3. Let-off and take-up rolls operated by positively connected and positively driven
gearing trains one of the wheels of the take-up train having a hundred teeth, and a
like wheel in the let-off train being a percentage gear having a number of tooth
represented by the proportion that the length of cloth produced bears to the length of
warp required to produce it substantially as specified.
4. The combination of the primary and secondary lot-off rolls, and gearing connecting
the same and having a change or percentage gear of the character set forth.
Dated this 25th day of March 1889.
JOHN WAUGH,
Agent.