Improvements in Machines for Facing, Boring, Turning, Milling, and Screw-cutting.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Oct., 1899
Conlete Specification Left, 17th July, 1900-Accepted, 13th Oct., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Facing, Boring, Turning, Milling,
and Screw-cutting.
I, EDWARD TURNER, of Manchester Road, West Timperley, Dunham, in the
County of Chester, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to machine tools such as are used for facing, boring, turn-
ing, milling, and cutting screws in metallic articles such as pipes, cylinders, screws
and the like. It consists in an improved combination of mechanism by means
of which when facing pipe ends or the like, a constant cutting speed is main-
tained that is to say the work is presented to the cutting edges of the tool at
the same speed whether the part operated on is of large or small diameter;
this is secured when facing a pipe end or the like by a gradual increase or
decrease of the speed of revolution as well as of the tool slide according as to
whether it is moving to or from. the centre. A second part of my invention
consists in 'a compact and convenient arrangement of parts, which enables the
work to be carried out with facility and dispatch.
In the combined machine a bed of the description ordinarily used in lathes
is employed, and to one end of this a head-stock is attached in which bearings
are formed. In this the mandrel is free to rotate.
When the combined machine is used for facing, a facing head is fixed to the
operating end of the mandrel in such manner as to rotate therewith, and in the
face of this head is fitted a slide which can be caused to move transversely across
the cutting head by suitable gearing disposed at the back thereof and caused to
rotate by means of a hollow tube passing transversely through the mandrel and
capable of rotating therein. This revoluble tube is operated by means of dif-
ferential gear driven from the spindle The slide has at its back a toothed rack
which engages with and is operated by a split worm capable of rotation round its
axis which is preferably disposed at an angle to the line of motion of the slide.
At the back of the slide is an inclined guide and a rod passing through the
centre of the mandrel and hollow tube in such manner as to be capable of moving
longitudinally in the latter, has one of its ends engaging with the inclined guide
in such manner that when the slide moves across the facing head the rod is pushed
gradually outward from the facing head от drawn gradually towards
the same depending upon the disposition of the inclined guide.
The sliding of this rod operates a lever fixed to a vertical shaft which is thus
given a rocking motion through a small angle and this motion is communicated
by bevel gear or other suitable device to a transverse spindle upon which is fixed
two arms each of which rocks one of two levers, these being so connected that
they simultaneously approach to or recede from each other.
The machine is driven by means of a spindle disposed longitudinally underneath
the head-stock and capable of rotating in bearings formed in the lower part

page_text: thereof; that bearing which is formed in the outer end of the head-stock being
enlarged so as to receive a sleeve which encircles this end of the driving spindle
and forms a bearing therefor. To the end of the spindle which projects beyond
the outer end of the head-stock is fixed a pulley and close by the side of this
is a similar pulley which is fixed to the projecting end of the sleeve, the two
being thus revoluble round one axis. On the other side of the bearing is disposed
a friction pinion or bowl which is mounted upon the sleeve in such manner as
to be compelled to rotate therewith while sliding freely thereon, when pressed
by the upper end of one of the levers before mentioned. A similar friction pinion
or bowl is similarly mounted upon the free end of the driving shaft and has
its longitudinal movement controlled by the upper end of the other of the two
levers.
These two friction pinions are of equal diameter and disposed between the
faces of two friction discs, each of which is capable of rotating freely, one of these
serves merely to receive the pressure of or caused pressure upon the friction pinions
which are capable of sliding between them to or from their centres when pressed
by the levers.
The other friction disc is attached rigidly to one end of a transverse shaft
to the other end of which one of a pair of bevel wheels is fixed, the other bevel
wheel is fixed to the lower end of a vertical shaft which running upwards has a
worm attached to it in such manner that while capable of sliding freely upon
it, it is compelled to rotate with the shaft. This worm engages with a worm
wheel mounted on to mandrel which is propelled in rotation thereby through
the medium of a toothed clutch. This clutch also permits the mandrel to be
readily disengaged from the driving mechanism for convenience in setting the
tool.
The tool is fixed to the slide in the facing head in any convenient manner
and the pipe cylinder or the like being fixed to the lathe bed or to a suitable
saddle capable of sliding thereon it is obvious that the rotation of the tool with
the mandrel will cut or face the end of the work when the latter is brought into
contact therewith. The movement of the slide across the facing head by means of
the tube inside the mandrel, the bevel gear and the split worm and rack will
make the cut continuous. Moreover as the slide moves across the head the axial
rod, the lever, the vertical shaft, the arms and the levers are so operated as to
push the friction. pinions across between the faces of the friction discs nearer to
or farther from their centres. Now, the mandrel being rotated by means of the
friction pinions gearing with the friction discs, it is obvious that the nearer the
former approach the the centres of the latter, the quicker will be the speed
of the mandrel relatively to that of the driving spindle.
An equal cutting speed is thus secured for supposing the cutting tool to com-
mence at the centre and be moving gradually outwards it is obvious that the
friction pinions being near the centre of the friction discs and the inclined guides
properly disposed that as the tool and slide move towards the periphery of the
pipe flange or the like the friction pinions will move apart in such manner as
to secure a diminution of speed of mandrel and cutting tool in exact proportion
to the rate at which the tool moves front the centre of the work.
Or the cut may be commenced near the periphery of the work in which case
the friction pinions would be set to commence near the peripheries of the friction
discs.
The head-stock is formed with uprights at each end and a sliding frame in
which the bearings for the mandrel are formed is capable of sliding up or down
so as to bring the mandrel to a suitable height for any kind of work. This
raising or lowering of the frame is effected by a screw which is actuated by
mechanism to be hereinafter described.
The foregoing devices apply to facing only; when the machine is to be used
for boring the tool slide is removed from the facing head and a suitable centre
or holder for the drill or boring bar fixed thereto. When used for turning or

page_text: screw-cutting a block carrying a back centre such as is ordinarily used in lathes
may be employed.
For boring; facing, and like operations, the work is fixed on the cross slide
or to a revoluble table mounted thereon, the saddle is capable of sliding upon
the bed and has a fine adjustment by hand wheel and screw, a quick adjustment
by rack and pinion, and a screw cutting traverse by means of a guide screw
disposed inside the bed. The cross slide moves transversely in the upper part
of the saddle and has a fine adjustment by hand and variable automatic reversing
motion. The revolving table may be bolted in any desired position on the top
of the cross slide thus permitting work to be operated on, at any angle. The
various motions of the automatic feeds are obtained as follows:
On the front end of one, of the friction disc spindles is fixed a worm which
drives a worm wheel fixed to a shaft on which are mounted and rigidly attached
three toothed wheels of different diameters each gearing with one of three
wheels of different diameters mounted on a spindle parallel to the other and
which is slotted so that a key can slide longitudinally, in it being moved by a
handle. This key is so formed that neither of these latter wheels can be rigidly
fixed to the shaft while the other two run loose; thus the speed of the second
spindle can be varied instantaneously and three different speeds produced.
On the outer end of this slotted spindle is fixed a wheel which gears with
another wheel, the latter being fixed to a shaft running inside the bed; which
shaft operates all the different feed motions. Or change gears fixed to a swing
frame may be interposed between the slotted spindle and the shaft enabling
various ratios of speeds for screw-cutting to be obtained: while any ratio so
obtained may be halved or doubled by the simple movement of the handle which
operates the sliding key.
The shaft running inside the bed is connected to three reversing wheels which
operate a worm and worm gear, this latter driving the guide screw running
along the centre of the bed; this allows both right and left hand.screws to be
cut.
The guide screw has a groove running its whole length by which it engages
with the feather or the skew wheel attached to the saddle. This skew wheel
engages with a similar wheel which also forms, a revolving nut for the screw
in the cross slide and this screw being prevented from rotation moves the cross slide.
The guide screw is connected also by bevel wheels to the screw which elevates
the spindle frame. By this means the same hand wheel can be used for moving
the spindle frame, the saddle along the bed and the cross slide transversely.
The two friction disc spindles are connected by gearing so as to ensure, an equal
speed of the two and also a proper ratio between the separate mechanisms operated
by them.
In some cases the apparatus for securing an equal cutting speed is dispensed
with in this case the driving mechanism may be retained, a pair of bevel wheels
being substituted for the friction pinions and discs.
Dated this 17th day of October 1800
WILLIAM J. MUNDEN.
75, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMI LEIE SIECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Facing, Boring, Turning, Milling,
and Screw-cutting.
.
I, EDWARD TURNER, of Manchester Road, West Timperley, Dunham, in the
County of Chester, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
in and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to machine tools such as are used for facing boring turn-
ing, milling and cutting screws in metallic articles such as pipes, cylinders, screws
and the like. It consists in an improved combination of mechanism by means
of which when facing pipe ends or the like a constant cutting speed is main-
tained that is to say the work is presented to the cutting edge of the tool at
the same speed whether the part operated on is of large or small diameter;
this is secured when facing a pipe end or the like by a gradual increase or
decrease of the speed of revolution as well as of the tool slide according as to
whether it is moving to or from the centre. A second part of my invention
consists in a compact and convenient arrangement of parts which enables the
work to. be carried out with facility and dispatch.
In the combined machine a bed of the description ordinarily used in lathes
is employed, and to one end of this a head stock is attached in which slideways
are formed. In these slideways a frame fits so as to be capable of being moved
vertically in the slide ways. The frame is formed with bearings in which a hori-
zontal mandrel is free to rotate; it being also capable of adjustment to any height
by means of the frame moving in the slideways.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the head stock mandrel driving mechanism and
part of the bed.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the facing head.
Fig. 2 is an end view of the headstock and driving mechanism.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of a modification.
Fio. 4 is an elevation of the rotating table in position.
A indicates the head stock and A' the standard or frame which supports it and
the machine bed. The headstock has the form of a vertical slide in which the
spindle frame B is capable of sliding in a vertical direction which enables it
and the mandrel C to be adjusted to work of any size which is placed upon the
machine. The mandrel is hollow and has a tube D passing longitudinally through
it and geared thereto so that one rotates within the other but at a different
speed. Longitudinally through this tube is disposed a rod c which is capable
of sliding therein. The forward end of projects into the interior of a facing
head E which is attached to the tool or operating end of the mandrel so as to
rotate therewith.
The machine is driven by means of a spindle F disposed so as to rotate in
bearings in the standard A which supports the headstock. The outer end of
this spindle is encircled by a sleeve G which rotates in one of the bearings f
and on the spindle F. To the end of the spindle F is fixed a driving pulley f
and to the end of the sleeve G a similar pulley g', the two being close by the
side of each other and rotating in opposite directions round the same axis. On
the other side of the bearing a friction pinion H is mounted upon the sleeve in
such manner as to be compelled to rotate therewith while capable of sliding freely
thereon. A similar friction pinion I is similarly mounted upon the free end
of the driving shaft. The pinion H is arranged to be moved by the rocking
of the lever h. and the pinion I by a similar lever i, these being pivoted inside
the standard A¹. They are operated by rods and respectively which are
attached one to each of two arms 2 and 2 fixed rigidly to a transversely disposed
spindle J capable of being rocked in bearings formed in the standard A¹;
this spindle J is operated in a manner to be hereinafter described.
The facing head E is circular and hollow and in its face is fitted a slide e
which is capable of being moved transversely across the same, the tool Z
being fixed to the slide in any convenient manner.
On the back of the slide is formed a rack e the teeth of which mesh or engage
with the threads of a coarse pitched worm which is fixed to and rotates with
the interior of the
a spindle running in bearings formed in

page_text: facing head E. This worm and spindle is operated from the revoluble tube D
by means of a bevel pinion d fixed thereon inside the facing head. The teeth
of this pinion engage with the teeth of a similar pinion e which is fixed upon
the inner end of the worm spindle e inside the facing head E and causes it to
rotate when the tube D is rotated. The rotation of the worm by reason of
its threads engaging with the teeth of the rack el produces a movement of the
slide e across the facing head, and the worm spindle and worm threads are
preferably disposed at an angle to its line of progress.
To the back of the slide is fixed an inclined guide e and with this engages a
lateral projection c¹ from the rod e which passes through the centre of the mandrel
and tube. By this means as the slide e moves transversely across the facing
head the inclined guide e draws or pushes the rod e backwards or forwards.
The other end of the rode has an arm attached to it which is connected
to a vertical spindle K; the lower end of this spindle has a bevel pinion k rigidly
attached to it which engages with a similar bevel pinion j¹ upon the transverse
spindle J which operates the arms h² and 2 by means of which the friction
pinions H and I are caused to slide closer to or further apart from each other.
These two friction pinions are of equal diameter and disposed between the faces
of two friction discs L and I and by the sliding movements before described
the friction pinions can be caused to approach to or recede from the centres of
the friction discs. The faces of these friction discs press upon the peripheries
of the friction pinons with sufficient pressure to cause them to rotate in opposite
directions. The friction disc L is rigidly fixed to one end of a spindle 7 upon
which is fixed also a bevel pinion which engages with a similar bevel pinion m¹
which is rigidly attached to the lower end of spindle M which has one bearing m
just above the pinion and the other in a frame which forms an integral part of
or is rigidly attached to the mandrel frame B. Upon this spindle is mounted-
a worm N in such manner as to be compelled to rotate therewith while free to
move vertically thereon. The threads of this worm engage with the teeth of
a worm wheel mounted on the mandrel and which is propelled in rotation
thereby when a clutch arranged for that purpose is thrown into gear.
The pipe or other work being fixed to the machine bed or to a suitable saddle
capable of sliding thereon, it is obvious that the rotation of the tool will cut
or face the end of the work when the latter is brought into contact therewith;
the movement of the slide causing the cut to be continuous. Moreover as the
slide moves across the head, the axial rod c the arm c² the vertical spindle K
the arms 2 and 2 and the levers h and i are so operated as to push the friction
pinions H and I across between the faces of the friction discs L and L' nearer
to or farther from their centres. Now, the mandrel being rotated by means of
the friction pinions driving the friction discs it is obvious that the nearer the.
former approach to the centres of the latter the quicker will be the speed of the..
mandrel relatively to that of the driving spindle and vice versa. An equal cutting
speed is thus secured whether the facing tool moves outwardly from the centre of
the work or inwardly towards the same.
It will be seen that the essential feature of this part of my invention consists
in the longitudinal movement of the rod by means of the guide e attached to
the back of the slide e producing the sliding of the friction pinions H and I
by means of the intervening levers h and i rods h¹ and arms h² and 2 bevel
pinions and ¹, vertical spindle K and arm ². The movement of the friction
disc L is communicated to the mandrel by the spindle 1, the bevel pinions /
and m, the vertical spindle M and the worm N and worm wheel.0.
The mandrel frame is raised or lowered in the headstock by means of a screw P
actuated by bevel pinions p and p¹ from a shaft to be hereinafter referred to.
Upon the mandrel are mounted three toothed wheels V of, different diameters
these gearing with three wheels V1 of different diameters mounted upon a spindle v
which is slotted so that a key sliding therein can be caused to engage with either
wheel leaving the other two loose. At the other end of the spindle is fixed
V

page_text: a wheel V2 which gears with a wheel V3 which is fixed to the outer end of the
rotating tube ; by this means three different speeds of the tube D and worm e²
can be obtained.
The foregoing devices apply to facing only; when the machine is to be used
for boring the tool slide is removed from the facing head and a suitable centre
or holder for the drill or boring bar fixed thereto. When used for turning or
screw-cutting a block carrying a back centre such as is ordinarily used in lathes
may be employed.
For boring facing and like operations the work is fixed on a cross slide R
which is arranged to slide in grooves across the saddle S which rests and slides
upon the bed of the machine in a manner similar to that of an ordinary lathe.
The saddle has a fine adjustment by hand wheel and screw; a quick adjustment
by rack and pinion and a screw cutting traverse' by means of a guide screw X
disposed inside the bed. The cross slide has a fine adjustment by land and a
variable automatic reversing motion: All these are of an ordinary and well
known description and need not be herein further described.
A revolving table R¹ may be bolted in any desired position on the top of the
cross slide, thus permitting work to be operated on at any angle. The various
motions for operating the different feeds are obtained as follows:-
The friction disc L¹ is fixed to a spindle L² upon the front end of which is
fixed a worm L which drives a worm wheel L. This is rigidly fixed to a
shaft to which are rigidly attached three toothed' wheels L L and L which are
of different diameters and each of which engages with three wheels 15 16 and 17
mounted on a spindle L8 which is slotted so that a key 18 can slide longitudinally
in it being moved by a handle L. The key is so formed that either of these latter
wheels can be rigidly fixed to the shaft; thus the speed of the second spindle L8
can be varied; three different speeds being obtainable. On the outer end of this
slotted spindle is fixed a wheel U which gears with another wheel U running
on a pin attached to a swing frame u; the wheel U¹ also gears with a wheel U2
the latter being fixed to shaft 2 running inside the bed; from this shaft all
the different feed motions are driven, and any number of variations can be obtained
by the use of change wheels of the ordinary description; while any ratio so
obtained may be instantaneously halved or doubled by moving the handle L'
which operates the sliding key 18.
+
The shaft 2 is connected to the guide screw X by any convenient and suitable
interposed mechanism but preferably by a set of three wheels arranged to be
capable of reversing the motion; these operate a worm and worm wheel this
latter being fixed upon the end of the guide screw X which runs inside the bed;
this reversing motion allows both right and left hand screws to be cut. The
worm shaft is hollow and through it passes a rod which can by means of a handle
be moved longitudinally for the purposes of reversing the motion and disengaging
the feed.
The cross slide is caused to move by fixing its screw and preventing its rotation.
The guide screw X has a groove running its whole length by which it engages
with the feather of the skew wheel attached to the saddle. This skew wheel
engages also with a similar wheel, the boss of which forms the nut in the cross
slide herein before described..
The guide screw X is connected by the bevel pinions p and to the screw
which on being put in operation by a clutch operated by the handle a elevates
the mandrel frame and by this arrangement a single hand wheel W disposed
in the most convenient manner to the hand of the operator, can be used for
lowering the mandrel frame moving the saddle along the bed, and the slide across
the saddle.
The two friction disc spindles are connected by any suitable mechanism which
ensures an equal speed of the two and also a proper ratio of speed for the separate
mechanisms operated by them.
+
In some cases the hereinbefore described apparatus for securing an equal cutting

page_text: speed is dispensed with; in this case the driving mechanism may be retained
a pair of bevel wheels being substituted for the friction pinions and discs.
In Fig. 3 the worm wheel instead of being mounted upon the mandrel is
formed integrally with or rigidly attached direct to the facing head E which is
thus caused to turn with it. Otherwise the operation of the parts remain the
same as before described.
In Fig. 4 the rotating table R' is shown attached to and superposed upon the
cross slide R; it is in general fixed by bolts or screws. I do not confine myself
to any particular mechanism for operating the rotating table, but employ any
suitable device which secures the required motion.
When the machine is employed for milling, the milling cutter is fixed upon
the mandrel, and, in place of the facing head E; while the work to be operated
upon is fixed either to the saddle S to the slide R-or to the revolving table R¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. For use in a machine for facing pipes cylinders and the like the mechanism
for maintaining a constant cutting speed, substantially as described and shown.
2. For use in a machine for facing pipes cylinders and the like, mechanism
for decreasing the speed of the cutting tool as it moves outwards from the centre
of the work, or for increasing its speed as it approaches the centre thereof, sub-
stantially as described and shewn.
3. In a machine for facing pipes cylinders and the like the combination of
the tool slide e which is caused to slide by any suitable mechanism, the inclined
slide moving with the same, the rod c the arm ; the spindle K the bevel
wheels and the arms 2 and the rods h¹ and ¹, the levers and the
friction pinions H and I the friction discs L and L¹ the transverse spindle 1,
the bevel wheels m' and ', the vertical spindle M, the worm N, the wheel O,
the mandrel C, and the facing head E substantially as described and shown.
4. In a machine for facing boring turning milling and screw cutting, the com-
bination and arrangement of parts substantially as described and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
5. In a machine for facing boring turning milling and screw cutting the com-
bination of a driving mechanism, in which the movement of the driving spindle F
is communicated to the mandrel by means of a pair of bevel wheels, a transverse
spindle bevel pînions, a vertical shaft, a worm and a worm wheel substantially
as described.
6. For use in a machine for facing boring turning milling and screw cutting,
the facing head E having the propelling worm O attached directly to it sub-
stantially as shown and described with reference to Fig. 3.
Dated this 17th day of October 1900.
WILLIAM J. MUNDEN,
75, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.