IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hudson, James Hudson, the younger, and
Charles Hudson, all of the Borough and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
Scaled the 8th April 1870, and dated the 14th October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hudson, James
Hudson, the younger, and Charles Hudson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th October
1869.
We, JAMES HUDSON, JAMES HUDSON, the younger, and CHARLES
HUDSON, all of the Borough and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for the manu-
facture of a continuous sheet of paper. For this purpose in carrying
out this Invention we introduce an endless sheet of india-rubber cloth

page_text: working round the top couching roll and the top press roll, thus con-
necting the two sets of rolls. The paper by adhering to the india-
rubber comes thus through the press rolls, and being pressed leaves the
india-rubber much casier than it could leave the metal roll, thereby
effecting a great saving. We also effect a great saving at the wire end,
as by this Invention the paper cannot break at the wire.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Hudson, James Hudson, the younger, and
Charles Hudson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th April
1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
HUDSON, JAMES HUDSON, the younger, and CHARLES HUDSON, all of the
Borough and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said James Hudson, James Hudson, and Charles
Hudson, Her special licence that we, the said James Hudson, James
Hudson, and Charles Hudson, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Hudson, James Hudson, and
Charles Hudson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, excrcise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Hudson, James
Hudson, and Charles Hudson, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and inuediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Hudson, James Hudson,
and Charles Hudson, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for the manu-
facture of a continuous sheet of paper. For this purpose in carrying
out this Invention we introduce an endless sheet of india-rubber and
canvas cloth which is arranged to work round the top couching roll, and
the top press roll, thus connecting the two sets of rolls used for couching
and pressing the paper. The paper by adhering to the india-rubber cloth
at the couch roll is carried along with it to and through between the
press rolls, which it readily leaves after being pressed, and proceeds to
the drying cylinders in the usual manner. By this arrangement the
breakage of paper at the wire is prevented, thereby effecting a great
saving in the manufacture.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into practice, we will proceed to describe the Drawing hereunto
annexed, which shews so much of a side view of a continuous paper-
making machine as will enable us to explain the manner in which our
Invention is applied.
A and B are respectively the top and bottom "couching rolls" of the
paper machine, and C and D are respectively the top and bottom
pressing rollers.
According to our Invention we pass an endless sheet E (the exterior of
which is formed of india-rubber) over and around the upper couching
roll A and the upper pressing roll C, so as to form an endless sheet
travelling from the roller A. to the roller C and back again. The endless
sheet E is composed of india-rubber combined with or cemented upon
canvas or other woven fabric, the india-rubber being placed on the outer
surface and the woven fabric or other suitable flexible material inside, or
there may be india-rubber on both surfaces with the woven fabric or
other suitable flexible material embedded in the substance of the endless
sheet. The india-rubber or elastic gum may be in the natural state, or it
may be combined with other substances and "vulcanized." And we
would remark that although we prefer to coat or prepare the surface of
the sheet E with india-rubber to render it water or air proof, gutta percha

page_text: or other materials may be employed for this purpose without departing
from the nature of this part of our improvements.
The paper is firmly "couched" on to the endless sheet E, and so as to
adhere to such sheet, and be carried so adhering to and through the press
rolls C and D, where the moisture is pressed out of the paper. After 5
passing through the press rolls the paper readily leaves the endless
sheet E, and is carried on to the drying cylinders F and G in the usual
Between the couching and press rolls we work a guide roll E
covered with wire cloth running against the under side of the india-
rubber sheet E. The roll E' supports and guides the sheet E, and keeps 1
the sheet E from touching the felt II until it reaches the press rolls.
The sheet E can be tightened when required by the adjustable roller E².
We use the ordinary stands and rolls for the felts, and we use the wire
webbing and felts as heretofore employed.
When employing an endless sheet E according to our Invention the 1
breakage of the paper when leaving the wire webbing is prevented, and
a considerable saving is effected in the wear and tear of wires and first
press felts.
The arrangement of the parts and the mode of applying the endless
sheet E may be varied without departing from the nature of our 2
Invention.
What we claim is, the application and use of an endless sheet E as
above described in a continuous paper-making machine, substantially as
and for the purposes herein-before described and shewn in the accom-
panying Drawing.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Hudson, James Hudson,
and Charles Hudson, have hereunto set our hands and scals,
this Twenty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord Onc
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
2