Improvements in Lamps for Burning Fluid Hydrocarbons for Heating or Lighting Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 10th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 7th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 7th Mar., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps for Burning Fluid Hydrocarbons for
Heating or Lighting Purposes.
We, PHILIP CHARLES TENNANT, Secretary of The Gas Lighting Improvement
Company, Limited, of 18 Devoushne Street, in the County of London, and
ALFRED HENRY CROCKFORD, of 26 Overy Street, Dartford, in the County of
Kent, Engmeer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in lamps for burning fluid hydrocarbons
for heating or lighting purposes, and is chiefly designed to increase the efficiency
of such apparatus and its adaptability for various purposes.
One feature of our said invention consists in attaching the lamp-head to, or
connecting it with the oil and compressed air reservoir in such a manner that
it can be set horizontally, vertically or at any desired inclination, by simply
turning about its axis the pipe for conducting the fluid hydiocarbon into the
vaporizing chamber. For this purpose we arrange the said pipe and the nozzle
or burner at an angle of about 45 degrees to each other, the said pipe being
aanged at a similar angle to the perpendicular, so that, by turning the said
pipe about its axis in a socket, union or stuffing-box, through an angle of about
180 degrees in one on the other direction, the burner-head may be adjusted to a
horizontal or to a vertical position, or by turning it through a smaller augle the
bald head may be adjusted to any angle of inclination between these positions.
The said pipe is, for this purpose, mounted in a metal union having a ground
Jomt, or in a stuffing-box packed with flexible packing, or in any other suitable
manner permitting rotary motion thereof whilst ensuring a fluid-tight joint
between it and the reservoir.
According to another part of our said invention, we make the lamp-head with an
annular vaporizing chamber having formed therewith an inlet-pipe for the fluid
hydrocarbon and an extension provided with a bunei oi nozzle fiom which the jet
of hydrocarbon vapour issues. In lamps of this kind or class as heretoforo con-
structed, the vaporizing chamber, let-pipe and jet-extension have been made in
several pieces, united together by brazing, it has been found in practice, however,
that the joints so made are able to be melted by the bent, and the lamp thus
disabled. Now according to this part of om said invention, we cast the said parts
na single piece, the jet-extension being cast solid and afterwards drilled out as
hereinafter mentioned, whilst the vaporizing chamber and the inlet-pipe are cored
out, the annular core of the said chamber being preferably supported across a
diameter thereof by means of wires passing through the core of the inlet-pipe and
through that of a cleaning aperture at the opposite side of the said chamber. The
jet-extension is preferably V-shaped, the ends of the two limbs being united to the
vaporizing chamber on opposite sides of the cleansing aperture above mentioned,
whilst the point or junction of the limbs of the V-shaped extension is formed with
a lateral projection through which a hole is drilled in the axial line passing through
the said vaporizing chamber, to receive the burnet or nozzle at one end and a
screw-plug at the other end. Another hole is dilled into this projecting-piece at
right angles to the first, and into this second hole, ate drilled holes or passages
lengthwise through the limbs of the V-shaped extension, which holes serve to
conduct the hydiocarbon vapour from the vapouizing chamber to the burner or
nozzle. These holes are drilled completely through the vaporizing chamber, the

page_text: external orifices being after wards closed by screw-plugs or the like. The external
ofice of the passage in the jet-extension at right angles to the axis of the
vaporizing chamber, is also closed by a screw-plug, the head of which is preferably
formed with a ring for the attachment of a cup hereinafter mentioned for containing
spirit or the like for the initial warming or kindling of the lamp.
Our said invention also comprises an improved form of casing for enclosing the
vaporizing chamber and the Jet oi nozzle. This casing is provided with cncular
series of apertures around the end thereof nearest to the vaporizing chamber, the
holes being smaller the nearer they are to the vaporizing chamber. It is also
provided with comparatively large apertures ariangel on either side of the jet or
nozzle. The said casing is mounted at its for waid end in a groove or recess in the
rearward face of the vaporizing chamber, and is secured therem by a kind of
bayonet-joint or by lugs on the casing engaging with projections on the vaporizing
chamber. The rear end of the said casing is open and is cut away on the sido
thereof opposite to the jet-extension, so as to allow the flame from the spirit in the
cup to have free access to the interior of the said easing. This cup is suspended
by a hook from the aforesaid ng or eye on the screw-plug, the length of the
suspending iod and the form of the casing adjacent thereto being such that the
hook cannot be detached from the said ng or eye while the casing is in its proper
position the lamp can, therefore, he used at any desired angle of inclination
without liability to accidental detachment of the said cup.
We also provide the buiner-bead with interchangeable nose-pieces adapted to fit
onto the front of the vaporizing chamber, the said nose-pieces being held in
position by a cylindrical flange or extension sliding over the said chamber. The
Hame orifices of these nose-pieces may be of any desued form so as to produce a
flame of ound, flat or other desired shape.
In our improved lamp we also provide a combined safety valve and regulating
valve in the upper part of the reservon above the level of the fluid therein, the
said valve having an external stem and head whereby it may be temporarily lifted
from its sent in order to reduce the pressure within the said reservoir if the flame
be too long on fierce for the purpose to which the lamp is being applied at any
particular time.
We also secure the an-pump in an aperture in the upper part of the reser von 80
that it may be readily removed and replaced, this aperture being of such size that
it will, when the pump is removed, peanut the filling of the reservon with
fluid-hydrocarbon without necessitating the use of a funnel.
The bucket of the pump is so arranged as to oby iate the use of an independent
valve For this purpose we provide the pump-iod with a rigid disc of metal or
other suitable material the diameter of which is somewhat less than that of the
bore of the pump-cylinder Below this disc is arranged a washer of leather,
india-rubber of other suitable flexible material, which is pressed against the under
Bide of the igid disc by menus of a suitable spring, so that, when the pump-plunger
18 pushed downwards or inwards, the said flexible washer will closely fit the
cylinder, and any au in front of it will be forced into the reservoir, and when the
said plunger is drawn upwards or outwards, the spring beneath the flexible washer
will yield and thus permit an to pass between the edge of the said washer and the
bore of the cylinder, from the upper to the lower side of the disc; when, however
the pump-plunger 18 released, the spring above mentioned will press the flexible
washer against the rigid disc and thus prevent the passage of air from one to the
other side of the same
Our improvements are advantageously applicable to portable lamps for burning
the paint off painted surfaces, for brazing, and for various other purposes.
Dated the 10th day of Mar 1895

page_text: Improvements in Lamps for Burning Fluid Hydrocarbons for
Heating or Lighting Purposes.
We, PHILIP CHARLES TENNANT, Secretary and Manager of The Gas Lighting
Improvement Company, Limited, of 18 Devonahue Street, in the County of
London, and ALFRED HENRY CROCKFORD, of 26 Overy Street, Dartford, in the
County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement
-
Our invention relates to improvements in lamps for burning Aund hydrocarbons
for heating or lighting purposes, and is chiefly designed to mcrease the officiency
of such apparatus and the adaptability therent for various purposes.
Que feature of our said invention consists in attaching the limp-head or buiner-
head to, on connecting it with the oil and compressed an reservou in such a munci
that it can be set horizontally, vertically or at any desired inclination, by simply
turning it about the axis of the pipe for conducting the fluid hydrocubon from the
said resei von into the vaporizing chamber.
Another feature of our said invention consists in making the buner-head with a
vaporizing chamber compusing an aunular chamber and a V-shaped connection
having hollow or tubular limbs which connect the said annulai chamber with the
jet or nozzle of the burner
Ou said invention, moreover, comprises other improvement, heremafter
described.
In the accompanying drawing we have shown how our said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously canned into practice
Figure 1 is a vertical central section of one form of our improved lamp.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section on the line, r, Figure 1, looking from beneath.
Figure 3 18 a horizontal section on the line ', .', Figure 1, also looking from
beneath.
Figure 4 is a vertical central section, aud
Figure 5 a real elevation of one form of cap or nose-piece used with our
improved lamp, and
Figure 6 is a vertical central section of another form of such cap or nose-piece.
A is the oil and compressed air reservoir, B is the pipe for conducting the oil
from the said reservoir to the vaporizing chamber C, D is the jet or nozzle of the
buinei.
The pipe B is inclined at an angle of about 45 degrees to the perpendicular an
13 connected with the reservoir A in such a manner that it can be turned about its
axlb. The bunner-head 18, moi covei, secured to the said pipe at an angle of about
45 degrees thereto, so that, by simply turning the said pipe B about us axis through
an argle of about 180 degrees in one or the other direction, the said burner-head
can be adjusted to a horizontal position as shown by full lines in Figure 1, or to a
vertical position, as shown by dotted lines in Figure 1; or, by turning it through a
smaller angle, the said buiner-head may be adjusted to any desmed angle of
inclination between these positions. The said pipe 18, for this purpose, preferably
mounted in a metal pipe-coupling or union E having a ground joint as shown in
Figure 1, it can, however, be secured to the reservoir A by means of a stuffing-
box or in any other suitable manner so as to permit rotary motion of the said pipe
whilst ensuring fluid-tightness of the joint between it and the said esci voir.
The vaporizing chamber C is of annular shape and has formed therewith the
oil-supply pipe B and an extension C' of the vaporizer, in which is secured the jet
or nozzle D of the burner.

page_text: In oil-vapour burners oi industial lamps as heretofore constructed, the vaporizing
chamber, the oil-supply pipe and the Jet-extension are made separately and united
together by brazing; and it has been found, in practice, that the joints so made
are liable to be buined or melted by the heat, and the lamp thus disabled. Now
according to our invention, the said parts are cast in a single piece, the Jet-
extension C¹ being cast solid and afterwards drilled out as horematter described,
and the annular part of the vaporizing chamber C and the oil-supply pipo being
cored out; in making this casting, the annulat core of the vaporizer is preferably
supported across a diameter thereof by means of wines passing through the core of
the oil-supply pipe Band through that of a cleaming aperture Cat the opposite
side of the nonular chamber. The jet-extension C is V-shaped, the ends of the
two limbs being united to the annular chamber of the vaporizer C on opposite
Bides of the cleansing aperture C; at the point or Junction of its limbs, the said
V-shaped extension C 18 for tned with a lateral projection C at a right angle to
the said limbs. A hole or passage a is drilled into this projecting-piece C³, and
into this passage ana dilled holes or passages lengthwise through the limbs of the
V-shaped extension C2, these holes of passages serve to conduct the hydrocarbon
vapour from the annular part of the vapouzing chamber C to the jet of nozzle D,
which is fixed in a tapped hole in the said projection C so that a line extending
through the centre of the said jet or nozzle would, if prolonged, pass through the
centre of the opening through the annular part of the vaporizing chamber
longitudinal holes or passages in the limbs C are drilled completely through
the annular chamber of the vaporizer, the external orifices being afterwards closed
by serew-plugs b, c or by other convenient means A hole closed by a removable
screw-plug is provided to facilitate the cleaning of the jet o nozzle D when
necessary The orifice of the passage a in the part is also closed by a
screw-plug e The head of the screw-plug d is preferably formed with a ring for
the attacliment of a cup F hereinafter mentioned for containing spuit or the like
for the initial warming or kindling of the lamp.
The
By making the burner-head with the V-shaped connection C the hollow or
tubular limbs of which connect the annular chamber C with the jet oi nozzle D,
we provide for the vaporization of the oil and the conduction of the vapour to
the said jet or nozzle in a much more efficient manner thau heretofore. Moreover
by casting the vaporizing chamber, the oil-supply pipe and the jet-extension in one
piece, we obviate all liability to separation of these parts by the burning or melting
of brazed joint
The casing G for enclosing the extension C³ of the vaporizing chamber C and
the jet or nozzle D, is provided with encular genes of apertures G' atomnd the end
thereof nearest to the annular part of the vaporizing chamber, the holes being
smaller the nearer they are to the vaporizing chamber. It is also provided with
comparatively large apertures G, G' arranged on either side of the jet or nozzle D
We find that, when these series or groups of holes are formed in the said casing as
above described and as shown in the drawing, very good results are obtained in
espect of the buming of the hydrocarbon vapour and the intensity of the light
produced thereby. The said casing is secured at its forward end in a groove or
recess in the annular chamber C, by a kind of bayonet-jomt on by lugs on the
casing engaging with projections on the said chamber, so that it can be cadily
attached thereto and detached therefrom. The rear end of the said casing 18 open
and the part thereof opposite to the Jet-extension is cut away at an angle, as shown,
so as to allow the finme from the spit in the cup to have free access to the
interior of the said casing when the banner-head is in its horizontal position. This
cup is suspended by a hooked rod from the ing or eye on the scien
cien-plug D
the length of the suspending rod F and the form of that part of the casing G
adjacent thereto are such that the hook cannot be detached from the said ng or
eye while the casing is in its operative position, and the casing must be tuned out
of that position to permit the attachment or detachment of the said cup; the
lamp can therefore be used horizontally, vertically or at any desued angle of
;

page_text: Inclination without liability to accidental detachment of the said cup, the said cup
being locked in place by the said casing, the said cup can, however, be readily
removed aben necessary by simply turning the casing and unhooking the rod F³.
The burner-head is also provided with interchangeable caps or nose-piece, such
as I, II, Figures 2, 4, 5 and 6, fitting upon the forward end of the vaporizing
chamber, the said caps or nose-piece, being held in position by a cylindrical flange
or extension H' sliding over the said chamber The flame-ofices of these caps or
nose-pieces may be of any convenient form so as to produce a flame of round, flat
or other desired shape, and the said interchangeable caps or nose-pieces nie made
of different form so that they can be substituted one for another according to the
shape of flame requned
Ks a combined safety-valve and regulating valve in the upper part of the
reservoir A above the level of the fluid therein, this valve is held down upon its
seat by a spring L suttounding its stem K' within the reset von, so that it will be
lifted automatically by any excessive pressure in the said resei voir, and the said
valve is made with an external head K whereby it may be temporarily lifted from
its seat in order to reduce the pressure within the sand reservon if the flame be too
long on fierco for the purpose to which the lamp 18 being applied at any particulaı
time
}
The air-pump M is constructed with a milled flange M beneath its perforated
cover M, and with a screw-thread beneath the said lange, whereby it is secured in
short pipe
Nixed in the upper part of the reservoir A. The said pump can,
therefore, be readily removed and replaced by screwing it in or out by means of
the milled flange M'; and the pipe N is of such size that it will, when the pump
is removed, permit the filling of the re-en von with the Huid hydrocarbon without
necessitating the use of a tunnel. In this manuel, moreover, we obviate the
necessity for providing a separate apertme in the reservon for filling the same.
It is obvious that any equivalent device, such as projections or handles, may be
provided on the pump-cylinder in place of the said milled flange
The bucket or piston of the pump is so constructed and arranged as to obviate
the use of an independent suction-valve. For this purpose the pump-rod P 16
provided with a gid disc Pot metal or other suitable material, the diameter of
which is somewhat less than that of the bore of the pump-cylinder. Below this
disc is arranged a washer P' of leather, india-rubber or other suitable flexible
material, which is pressed against the under side of the rigid dise P¹ by a suitable
spring P By these means, when the pump-bucket or piston is pushed downwards
oi inwards, the said flexible washer will bo caused to closely fit the cylinder, and
any air below it will be forced into the reservoir A, and when the said piston 19
drawn upwards or outwards, the sping P will yield and thus permit au to pass,
between the edge of the washer 1 and the bore of the cylinder, from the upper to
the lower side of the piston; as soon, however, as the upward movement of the
piston 18 arrested, the spring P' will press the flexible washer P against the
disc P and thus prevent the passage of air from one to the other side of
the said piston. The pump M 18 also provided with a foot-valve Q which is kept
closed by springs R beating against a cross-bar R' supporting the said valve.
The improvements hereinbefore described are advantageously applicable to
portable lamps for burning the paint off painted surfaces, for brazing, aud for
Various other purposes, a cap or nose-piece of the shape best adapted for the
particular purpose, being fitted upon the vaponizing chamber. They are also
applicable to other forms of lamps. In the case of portable lamps, the reservoir A
is preferably provided with a suitable handle A', as shown in Figure 1.
For
It is obvious that the construction of our improved lamp can be somewhat
modified, if desired, without departing from the nature of our said invention.
instauce the pipe B may, if desired, be igidly secured to the reservoir A, and the
vaporizer be secured to the said pipe in such a manner that it can be turned about
the axis of the said pipe for the purpose above specified.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what inannor the same is to be performed, wo declare that what we
clann is-
First. A lamp in which the burner-head is mounted upon an inclined supply-pipe
in such a manner that it can be adjusted to various positions by simply tuining it
about the axis of the said pipe, for the purpose above specified.
Second. The combination, with an oil-reservoir, of a pipe secured thereto at au
angle of (approximately) forty-five degrees to the perpendicular, and in such a
manner that it can be turned about its axis, and a buiner-head formed with or
rigidly secured to the said pipe at an angle of (approximately) forty-five degrees
thereto, substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Third. The vaporizer constructed with the annular chamber, the V-shaped
tubular extension, and the nozzle or buruer secured in the tubular projection at the
end of such extension, substantially as described and for the purposes above
specified.
Fourth. The annulai chamber formed in one piece with the pipe for conducting
the liquid hydiocarbon thereto, and with the jet-extension, as described and
illustrated, for the purpose above specified.
Fifth. The combination, with the burner-head, of the casing formed with the
peculiarly arranged apertures and secured on the annular chamber, as aud for the
purposes above specified.
Sixth. The combination, with the burnor-head, of the spirit-cup suspended
therefrom, and the casing shaped and arranged as above described so that it
will look the said cup in place, as aud for the purposes above specified.
Seventh. The combination, with the reservoir having the filling-tube fixed
therein, of the air-pump constructed with the milled flange or its equivalent
beneath its perforated cover, and secured in the said tube as above described so
that it can he readily removed and replaced, for the purposes above specified.
Eighth. The pump constructed with the bucket or piston comprising the rigid
plate or disc on the pump-rod, the flexible disc or washer, and the spring, and with
the foot-valve, as and for the purpose above specified.
Ninth. The improved lamp constructed substantially as described with reference
to the accompanying drawing and operating as and for the purposes above
specified.
Dated the 3rd day of February 1906.
PHILIP C. TENNANT.
A. H. CROCKFORD.
D. Young & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C,
Agents for the Applicants.