Improvements in the Treatment and Utilization of Chicory.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Apr., 1897-Accepted, 19th June, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment and Utilization of Chicory.
I, THADDEUS HYATT, of 1 Hamilton Road, Ealing, Inventor, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
In Specification No. 3260 of 1896 is described an improved preparation of malt
and its culms or malt dust, by which it is rendered possible to produce a satisfactory
malt coffee and other alimentary substances.
The object of the present invention is to increase the digestibility and improve
the flavour of chicory by combining it with the malt dust or culms as described in
said prior specification.
According to this invention the preparation and combination of the two substances
may be effected in either of the following ways that is to say I may combine the
two substances in the unroasted or raw state, and finish the process by roasting,
or I may begin the process with chicory and culms that have been previously
roasted in which latter case the process is finished by merely drying out the
moisture by heat or otherwise,-but in each case I employ the chicory in a powdery
or granular condition.
Where I begin the process with roasted chicory and culms that have previously
been caramelized I place the two substances in a suitable vessel and intermingle
them as thoroughly as possible in their dry state; then I add water sufficient to
set free their colors and aromatic qualities or essences on the wet mass being well
turned over and stirred together; this being done I then dry the compound by heat
or otherwise which finishes the process.
But when I begin with culms in their natural state and chicory that has not been
roasted I proceed as follows:-I intermingle the dry materials as before, wet them
as before to draw their colors and aromas, (employing sweetened water in some
cases,) after which the moisture is driven off by heat or otherwise, when the dried
out materials are then roasted, and this finishes the process. The materials may
be combined in any desired proportions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improvement in the treatment and utilization of chicory consisting in
mixing it after roasting and while in a powdery or granular condition with roasted
or caramelized malt-dust or culms, moistening the mass to obtain a uniform color
and aromatic strength throughout and then drying the same substantially as set
forth.
2. The improvement in the treatment and utilization of chicory consisting in
mixing it before roasting and while in a powdery or granular condition with
unroasted malt-dust or culms, moistening the mass to obtain a uniform color and
aromatic strength throughout, drying out the moisture and then roasting the
materials until caramelized, substantially as set forth.
3. The improvement in the treatment and utilization of chicory consisting in
combining it when in a powdery or granular state with malt-dust or culms substan-
tially as and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 4. As a new manufacture, chicory compounded with caramelized malt-dust or
culms as herein set forth.
Dated this 3rd day of April 1897.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicant.

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Apr., 1897-Accepted, 8th May, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electrical Resistance Apparatus.
We, HENRY ALEXANDER MAVOR, WILLIAM ARTHUR COULSON and SAM MAVOR,
all of 47, King Street, Bridgeton Cross, Glasgow, Electrical Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention has reference to electrical resistance apparatus of the class known
as liquid resistances, and the object is to produce at moderate cost a simple and
efficient apparatus of the kind referred to, so constructed that it shall not be liable to
get out of order or to be damaged in use. For this purpose the apparatus is
constructed with a vessel which forms not only a container for conducting liquid but
also a casing for enclosing the various other parts of the apparatus with the
exception of an insulated hand-wheel or equivalent by operating which adjustment is
effected.
Within the said vessel there is a metal part whose form may conveniently be such
as hereinafter described and illustrated, which part (hereinafter called the plunger) is
made adjustable in relation to the bottom of the liquid container by means of a screw
to which the plunger is secured in such wise that it can be readily removed from the
screw when worn out, and another plunger can be substituted.
Referring to the accompanying illustrative drawings, Fig. 1 shows in central
vertical section an apparatus according to this invention. Fig. 2 shows a plan.
1 is a vessel which may be of cast iron; it is provided with an upright open-topped
tube 2 that communicates with the interior of the vessel and constitutes an overflow
pipe to determine the maximum depth of liquid in the vessel and also to enable the
quantity of liquid to be regulated as hereinafter explained. 3 is a ledge which
supports a terminal board 4 which, in the example, is a cast iron plate. 5 is a cover
which may be of gun metal and fits over the top of the vessel 1. Formed centrally
through the terminal board 4 and cover 5 are holes adapted to accommodate the insulating
gland and contact we will presently describe. 6 is the plunger, which, in the example,
is of cast iron and of cylindrical form externally for a part of its length, but
terminates in the form of a truncated cone. 6ª is a screw socket in which is screwed
the lower end of the adjusting screw 7 which at its upper end is provided with a
hand-wheel 8 insulated from the screw in any suitable manner such as by strips of
vulcanite or fibre 9. 10 is a lock nut to prevent the plunger turning upon the
screw 7. 11 is a screwed sleeve or gland of suitable metal such as gun metal. 12 is
a socket of similar metal which is of a slightly conical form internally at its upper part,
and 13 is a plate of suitable metal such as copper or gun metal whose periphery is
shaped to conform to the internal configuration of the socket 12 so that, the plate 13
forms a plug to the socket which plug is fast on the screw 7.
14 is an insulator which may be of vulcanite; by it the sleeve or gland 11 is
insulated from the terminal board 4 and from the socket 12. 15 is a terminal suitably
insulated from the terminal board 4 but in electrical connection by plate 16 with the
sleeve or gland 11 which is tightened up to the plate 16 by a lock nut 17.
18 is a
disc of insulating material interposed between the plate 16 and the terminal board 4.
19 is a terminal which is in electrical connection with the terminal board 4 and
vessel 1. 20, 20 are openings in the wall of the vessel 1 through which the cables
pass. These openings may if necessary be provided with water tight glands.

page_text: With the construction illustrated current entering by terminal 15 will flow through
plate 16, sleeve or stand 11, screw 7 and plunger 6 through the liquid in the
vessel 1, through the body of the vessel 1 and through terininal board 4 to
terminal 19. According to the distance of the lower end of the plunger from
the bottom of the vessel 1, will be the resistance the current will encounter; the
greater the distance the greater the resistance.
It will be observed that by screwing down the plunger to its lowest position,
any excess of liquid within the vessel 1 will be discharged through the tube 2.
Fig. 3 represents a modification in which the socket 12 and plug 13 are dispensed
with and the bottom of the plunger when in its lowest position makes direct
electrical contact with the bottom of the vessel 1, so that then current entering
by terminal 15 flows by plate 16, screw 7, plunger 6, vessel 1 and terminal
board to terminal 19, the course of the current being the same when the
plunger is raised, except that then the current will encounter the resistance due
to having to traverse the liquid. Where it is desired to insulate (as it is some-
times necessary to do) vessel 1 from earth, this may be done by mounting the
vessel upon suitable insulating feet which may be, for example, of porcelain.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we desire to have it understood
that we do not claim broadly the use of an adjustable plunger in conjunction
with a liquid containing vessel for the purpose mentioned; but what we do
claim is :-
1. An electrical resistance apparatus of the kind referred to wherein the
terminals and other parts with the exception of an insulated actuating device
such as a hand-wheel, are all enclosed within a casing that constitutes not only
the containing vessel for the liquid but also a portion of the electrical circuit
substantially as described.
2. The combination of parts constituting the improved electrical resistance
apparatus constructed arranged and operated substantially as hereinabove described
with reference to and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The modified construction of apparatus shown in and described with reference
to Fig. 3 of the drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of April 1897.
For the Applicants,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.