Improvements in Stone Crushers.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Sept., 1894-Accepted; 6th Oct., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stone Crushers.
We, PHILETUS WARREN GATES, Manufacturer, and CHARLES LEWIS
CARMAN, Engineer, both residing at 50 South Clinton Street, Chicago, Cook
County, Illinois, citizens of the United States of America, do hereby declare the
nature of our invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of our invention is to provide a simple, economical and efficient stone
crusher of the well-known gyrating shaft type, together with various improve-
ments in the parts and details of construction of such machine; and our invention
consists in the features and details of construction hereinafter described and
claimed.
Figure 1 represents our improved stone crusher in vertical sectional elevation;
Fig. 2 represents a transverse section taken on line 2 of Fig. 1, looking in the
direction of the arrow; and
Figure 3 represents a vertical detail section, on an enlarged scale, of the gyrating
shaft and the ball upon which it gyrates as they appear when the upper bearing
sustains the downward thrust of the shaft on the right side of the central line of the
gyrating shaft and the lower bearing cup sustains the ball and shaft on the left side
of the central perpendicular line of the machine.
In constructing our improved stone crusher, as shown particularly in Figs. 1
and 2, we use a shell or casing, A, of the desired form or size and preferably make
it in two sections, the upper section, A¹, containing the stationary crushing
surface, a, which encloses and surrounds the gyrating crusher. We preferably
mount in the eccentric bearing box, B, a gyrating shaft, B', provided at its upper
end with a gyrating crushing head, b, which has its upper pivotal bearing, b, in the
cap or spider, C, which may be secured to the crusher frame in any desired manner,
preferring for that purpose the bolts, c.
We
The eccentric bearing box, B, is fitted to revolve in a tubular bearing, C¹, formed
in the center of the base plate, D, which is removably secured to the lower portion
of the frame in any convenient manner, so that it may be removed and the
mechanism which actuates the eccentric bearing box, B, taken out from below.
secure to it a bevel gear, D¹, in any convenient manner-preferably by means of pins
or bolts, d. To operate or drive the gyrating shaft we provide a bevel pinion, E,
which engages the gear D', and mount it on a driving haft E', which is supported
and rotates in suitable bearings, f, in a self-contained bearing bracket, F. The
driving shaft, E', is provided with a pulley, e, by which it may be driven or
operated by means of a belt or otherwise from any suitable motive power.
driving pulley, e, may be dispensed with and a spur gear used which may be
connected with suitable gearing mechanism on the actuating engine or source of
motive power.
This
The self-contained bearing bracket, F, which carr.es the driving mechanism
above described, is secured to the crusher frame at and in line with an opening, F1,
so that its driving bevel pinion may be inserted through such opening and engage
with the bevel gear on the gyrating shaft to actuate the same. It is often de-irable
and necessary to change the location of this driving shaft, so that it may be parallel
with the line shaft of the engine and not disturb any other part of the crusher
mechanism; and for this purpose the frame of the crusher is provided with several
openings, F, F and F³, through which the driving pon and its shaft may be
inserted and engage with the bevel gear on the gyrating shaft. To accomplish this
result economically and efficiently, it will be noticed we have mounted the driving

page_text: shaft with its bevel gear and driving pulley in the self-contained bracket in such
manner that when the bracket is removed from the machine it removes with it all
of the driving mechanism. This self-contained bracket may be secured to the
crusher frame at and in line with any one of the openings, F1, For F³-particularly
shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings-by means of the bolts, f¹, which enter through
elongated slots or openings, 3, of the bracket. The threaded portion of such
screws engaging with the threaded openings in the crusher frame, the elongated
slots permit an angular adjustment, which is sometimes necessary to avoid interfering
driving belts.
To support the gyrating shaft in its gyrations and receive its downward thrust-
see Figs. 1 and 3-we provide the bottom base plate of the frame with a lighter
screw, G, on which is mounted a step block or cup-bearing, H. Instead of being
made in two pieces, the step block and lighter screw may be made in one piece,
and we provide the lower end of the gyrating shaft with an upper cup-bearing, I,
between which and the lower cup is inserted a ball, J, though this upper cup bearing
may be formed directly on the shaft if preferred. Each cup is provided with a
concavity, ii, peculiarly constructed, so that the ball, J, travels in an annular valley
outside of the center of the shaft, and thus a positive rolling and revolving
movement of the ball is secured—the axis of the ball always lying about midway
between the center inclined line of the shaft and the center perpendicular line
of the machine while the shaft is being gyrated, as shown by the central bearing
box B.
In Fig. 3 of the drawings, it will be seen that the concave surfaces of the
upper and lower cup bearing, H, I, are struck relatively to the center, i, of the
ball, and the centers, 3, which are the same distance, respectively, to the one
side of said center, and said center, j, of the ball is represented as about
midway between the center perpendicular line of the machine and the inclined
line of the shaft; and the centers, 1, 1³, are outside said perpendicular and
inclined line.
This manner of striking the concave surface of the cup bearing forms a very
slight apex, in the center, and thus the ball is compelled to travel in its gyrations
with the shaft in an annular valley outside of said apex, and by this means a
constant firm bearing for the ball-and through it for the shaft-is secured. In
the illustrations given in Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings, the eccentricity of the
eccentric bearing box is supposed to be 10, and the radii for constructing the
valley is supposed to be 2 on each side of the center of the respective cups.
It is found in practice that the wall of the cup bearing is always in contact with
the ball, or the ball in contact with the wall; and, owing to this, the wearing
surface is greatly increased, while the capability of withstanding the downward
pressure of the gyrating shaft is largely magnified. The lower step is, of course,
stationary, while the upper step gyrates with the shaft, in accordance with the
eccentric movement imparted to said shaft. The balls and cups are usually
constructed of an enduring metal. In operation the center of the ball, under the
gyratory action of the shaft, only travels, of course, out of the center one-half the
travel of the periphery, and avoids for our construction the prying action produced
by constructions having toggle joints.
The crusher frame is so constructed, especially the portion A, that it
provides a horizontal diaphragm, K, which is interposed between the crusher
mechanism and this driving or actuating mechanism, and it is provided with a
cylindrical upright portion, L, which extends up to such a position that it protects
the gyrating shaft and its actuating mechanism from all danger which might be
caused by the crushed material contacting such mechanism. We prefer to provide
this uprising, cylindrical portion, L, with a dust cap, l, which still further prevents
the entrance of crushed or comminuted material into the actuating mechanism.
The crusher frame, A, is provided with several discharge openings, G G¹, arranged
adjacent to the horizontal diaphragm, through which the crushed material may be
discharged.

page_text: In using our improved crusher, the material is inserted through openings, c³, in
the spider C, and crushed between the gyrating head and crushing surface, in such
manner that the granulated material will fall downward upon the horizontal
diaphragm, upon which it will accumulate until it assumes some such position as is
shown in the drawing at M, when the material itself will form an incline down
which the surplus of granulated or crushed material may fall and be discharged
through the discharge opening. The horizontal diaphragm with its uprising portion
merely protects its actuating mechanism, and assists only in the discharge of the
crushed material. The advantages of this mechanism will be apparent when it is
seen that the diaphragm is not affected by the wearing influences of the discharging
material, and does not have to be replaced or renewed from time to time, as is the
case with the inclined diaphragms.
In using the words "self-contained" as applied to the bracket, F, in the
Specification and claims, we mean a bracket, which supports and carries in its bearings
the entire intermediate operating mechanism, in such manner that one or the same
series of operations which removes the bracket, removes all of the intermediate
mechanisms with it, leaving such mechanism in its operative state. In other words,
all of the parts are left in their normal position with relation to each other and the
supporting bracket.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In stone crushers, the combination of a crusher frame having suitable
crushing mechanism located therein, mechanism for actuating such crushing
mechanism, and a horizontal diaphragm interposed between the crushing mechanism
and its actuating mechanism to assist in discharging the crushed material, substan-
tially as described.
2. In stone crushers, the combination of a crusher frame provided with one or
more openings through which crushed material may be discharged, a gyrating shaft
located therein having the crushing mechanism secured at the upper end and the
actuating mechanism at its lower end, and a horizontal diaphragm secured to
the crusher frame between the crushing and actuating mechanisms upon which
the broken material may fall and form the proper angle to discharge the crushed
material through one or more of said discharge openings, substantially as described.
3. In stone crushers, the combination of a crusher frame provided with an
opening for the discharge of the crushed material, crushing mechanism located
therein, mechanism for actuating such crushing mechanism, a horizontal diaphragm
provided with an upright portion and dust cap adapted to surround a portion
of the mechanism and assist in discharging the crushed material, substantially as
described.
4. In stone crushers, the combination of a crusher frame provided with an
opening through which the crushed material may be discharged, a gyrating shaft
located therein provided with crushing mechanism at its upper end and actuating
mechanism at its lower end, and a horizontal diaphragm secured to the crusher frame
at a point below the discharge opening in such frame and between the crushing and
actuating mechanisms, substantially as described.
5. In stone crushers, the combination of a crusher frame provided with an
opening through which the crushed material may be discharged, a gyrating shaft
located therein provided with crushing mechanism at its upper end, actuating
mechanism at its lower end, and a horizontal diaphragm provided with an uprising
cylindrical portion and dust cap adapted to enclose a portion of the crushing
mechanism and assist in discharging the crushed material, substantially as
described.
6. In stone breakers, the combination of a crusher frame provided with several
openings located around its circumference, crushing mechanism located therein and
having its operating gear arranged adjacent to such openings, a self-contained

page_text: bracket having the intermediate driving mechanism rotatably mounted therein so as
to remove or secure such mechanism to the crusher frame by the removal or securing
of the bracket to the frame, and means for securing the bracket with its driving
mechanism to the crusher frame at and in line with one or more of its openings to
engage with and operate the crushing mechanism, substantially as described.
7. In stone breakers, the combination of a crusher frame provided with a
discharge opening, an opening opposite and an opening or openings at right angles
thereto, crushing mechanism located therein and having its driving gear adjacent to
several of such openings, a bracket having the driving mechanism rotatably mounted
therein and adapted to be secured to the crusher frame at and in line with one
or more of several of its openings, and means for adjustably securing the bracket
to the crusher frame at and in line with the openings for the purpose of engaging
its driving mechanism with the operating mechanism of the crusher, substantially as
described.
8. A bearing for a ball constructed with a curved annular valley bounded by an
outer wall and an apex, and whose curvature is about equal to the radius of the ball,
the radii for said valley being struck from points in the path described by the center
of the ball, substantially as described.
9. In a machine employing a gyrating shaft, the combination with the shaft and
suitable means for gyrating it of a ball and one or two cup bearings which are
constructed with a curved annular valley whose curvature is about equal to the
radius of the ball, the radii of said valley being struck from points in the path
described by the center of the ball, substantially as described.
10. The combination of a gyrating shaft having a cup bearing constructed with
a curved annular valley attached or applied to its lower end, a ball, and a lower
stationary cup bearing also constructed with a curved annular valley, substantially
as described.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.