IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND LANTERNS
Year: 1881

page_text: "€
LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND LANTERNS." A communication from abroad
by Elias Burgher Requa, of Jersey City, New Jersey, Machinist, and
Ferdinand Fauntleroy Lambert, of the City and State of New York,
Manufacturer, both in the United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1881.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND LANTERNS."
[A communication from abroad by Elias Burgher Requa, of Jersey City, New
Jersey, Machinist, and Ferdinand Fauntleroy Lambert, of the City and State of
New York, Manufacturer, both in the United States of America.]
This Invention relates to lamps and lanterns, and comprises various improvements
in construction and arrangement hereinafter described.
According to the said Invention I provide a peculiar construction, arrangement,
and combination of parts, whereby the flame is supplied with a uniform quantity
of air without being affected by excessive drafts induced by sudden or rapid
movements of the lantern, the excess of air above that required for proper
combustion being removed through suitable flues, so as to cool the lamp frame and
decrease the danger of explosions; and a free escape for the products of combustion
being also provided through a perforated dome attached to a cap-piece, which is
secured by an attachment and catch of novel construction.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I make the base of the lantern
concavo-convex in form, and it is provided near its upper edge with perforations
that are arranged for the passage of air to the space below the fount when the
lantern is resting upon a table or other support.
Above the base is the lantern body, within which is arranged the oil fount. On
each side of the oil fount and passing down through the body is a tube, which

page_text: terminates below the body of the lantern in a perforated cup-shaped cavity formed
by a foraminous plate or plates that receives and transmits air to and through the
tubes for the purpose of supplying the requisite inside draft to the burner. The
upper projecting ends of the tubes receives short tubes on the under surface of a
pyramidal burner, the inner surface of which is nearly conical in form.
This burner consists of an inner and outer shell, which are perforated at the top
by the elongated flaine slot. The lower portion of the outer shell is cut away on
each side, so as to present an opening having an upper curved outline, and leading
directly to the space between the shells.
The short tubes which communicate with the main draft.tubes also pass between
the inner and outer shells of the burner at each end. Within these short tubes are
arranged perforated cones, which point upward, and serve to check or regulate the
force of the draft. In the inner shell of the burner above the upper end of the
tubes there are foraminous plates that serve a similar purpose in checking the
pressure of air; and in the outer shell opposite these plates are perforations that
permit the escape of any undue excess of air, thus ensuring the requisite amount of
draft without the objectionable effects of an excessive pressure. The lower portion of
the burner is provided with a flange that nearly covers the cup-like depression
at the top of the oil fount. This depression is formed by an upwardly projecting
band, which is closely perforated for the passage of air to the burner and interior
of the globe, forming an outer draft, the force of which however is broken by a
projecting flange that acts as a guard to prevent too great a pressure.
Attached to the body of the lamp at its upper part below and to the outer side of
a vertical perforated band is a flaring concavo-convex flange or band that is
provided with perforations for the passage of air to the vertical perforated band,
air being also permitted to enter at the annular opening between the upper edge
of the band and a similar band that is supported upon the upper edge of the
vertical band.
The second band forms the lower portion of the chambered globe bolder. When
the lamp is exposed to wet weather the perforations also permit the escape of water
that might otherwise collect on the concave surface of the band. Within the
socket of the oil fount is fitted the wick tube, which is provided with the usual
stem and ratchets for raising and lowering the wick. At the top of the upper
flattened portion of this tube is a curved flange, the flaring ends of which, when the
burner is in position, fit closely against the upper edges of the inner shell of the
latter, thus holding the wick tube in proper line with the flame slot, and preventing
the currents of air passing through the burner from striking the edges of the
flame. Attached to one side of the concavo-convex band by means of a suitable
hinge is a convex annulus or band having a central opening that receives a flange
or rim on the lower end of the glass globe, within which projects the upper end of
the burner. An annulus also supports the upper frame of the lantern surrounding
the globe, and is provided with a hasp that is perforated at its end, and enters a
slot in the band, where it may be fastened by a hook or a suitable padlock if
desired, so as to securely lock the lantern when necessary.
When the upper frame of the lantern is closed the convex-annulus rests on the
concave flange, thus forming a chambered globe holder, within which is the flange
or rim at the lower end of the globe..
Extending upward from the annulus are flues which are preferably three in
number, and support an attached cap-piece that is surmounted by a perforated
'dome. The flues are connected by wire guards or ribs which are threaded through
the flues and suitably secured within the same so as to form a continuous frame
around the lantern for the protection of the glass globe from external blows or
injury. At the top of the flues on their inner sides are perforations for the passage
of air, the flues thus serving to admit a moderate downward draft to the chambered
globe holder when the lantern is at rest, but they are principally useful by
furnishing a ready escape for an excessive pressure or draft of air when the lantern
is rapidly lowered or in high winds.

page_text: The flues are connected at their upper ends by an annular band or rib to which
is attached the cap-piece by means of a stout wire that is bent twice at right
angles and securely attached to the band after passing through suitable perforations
in the edge of the cap-piece. If desired the relative position of this wire
attachment may be changed by attaching it directly to the cap-piece forming the
perforations in the band. This device forms a simple inexpensive substitute for a
hinge that is not liable to get out of order and allows a perfect freedom of motion
to the cap-piece when it is desired to open the lantern for introducing or removing
the globe. It also enables the cap-piece to fit more closely upon the frame.
The cap-piece is provided with a spring hasp, that engages with a spring staple
which is attached at its upper end to the outer side of one of the flues, the lower
end of the staple being bent inward at a right, angle to enter a small slot in the
flue and then again bent in an upward direction to form a stop that limits its
outward spring. When the hasp is engaged with the spring staple the cap-piece
is held firmly in place, but may be further secured if desired by means of a small
pad-lock attached to the staple on the outer side of the hasp; when it is desired to
release the hasp for the purpose of raising the cap-piece, a slight inward pressure.
upon the staple will be sufficient to disengage the parts.
The upper end of the globe when in position presses against a horizontal annular
flange in the interior of a perforated dome and is thus held firmly in place. This
dome is provided with the usual perforations for the passage of heated air, and also
has a bail by means of which the lantern is handled.
The object of another part of the said Invention is to supply an increased
amount of air to the flame and interior of the burner for effecting a more perfect
combustion and ensuring a brilliant and uniform light, and furthermore for
reducing the temperature at the lower end of the wick tube so that the latter and
the collar of the oil-fount will be preserved in a cool state so that the oil will not
vaporize until it has well ascended through the wick tube.
Another object of the said Invention is to reduce the metal connected with the
wick tube to the lowest possible weight, so that as little heat as possible will
accumulate at its lower end and in addition thereto place the wick-raising wheels
high up on the wick tube in order to prevent the soft and yielding wick from
jamming, which would be an inevitable result if the wheels were placed at the
bottom of the tube in the customary manner.
-
In carrying into practice this part of my said Invention I provide the wick-tube
with a screw-threaded neck at its lower end formed of the metal composing the
tube for attaching it to the screw-collar of the oil fount. Said wick-tube has
outwardly projecting horizontal arms to which the flanged base-plate of the burner
is attached. This base plate is provided with a deflector or cone on its upper
side, which serves to conduct the air admitted below the base plate to the wick-
tube passing upwardly through said deflector. The arms are perforated so as to
offer no impediment to the free upward passage of the air. The wick-tube is
provided with a housing or semi-cylindrical shell which incloses the customary
ratchet wheels or other device for raising and lowering the wick. The shaft of
the wick-raising wheels is journaled in said housing, and the latter is arranged
immediately above the base-plate of the burner, so as to place it at some distance
above the base of the wick-tube and the oil-fount. The wick raising wheels
project through slots in the wick-tube for properly engaging with the wick.
The location of the wick-raising wheels immediately below the burner base or
at some distance above the bottom of the wick tube will obviate the jamming of
the wick in the tube, which latter result is sure to take place when the wick-
raising wheels are arranged at the bottom of the wick-tube. An enlargement or
chamber is formed in the wick-tube directly above the screw or attaching neck
thereof. This chamber has an opening which is closed by means of a slide or
cover. By uncovering said opening the spout of an oil-can may be inserted into
the same for the purpose of filling the lamp-fount with oil at any time.
The body of the burner is made separate from the base portion thereof, and

page_text: consists of a lower flanged ring, a fluted and foraminous shell, and an upper plate
formed or provided with an upwardly-projecting conc. The upper plate has a
downwardly projecting flange, which extends below the upper end of the foraminous
shell, and serves as a means for holding the same and intercepting the upward
passage of the air passing through the vertical channels of the fluted foraminous
shell, so as to cause said air to pass through said shiell and enter the interior of the
cone. Said cone has a series of openings at the base thereof, which serve to admit
hot air into the interior of the same. The body of the burner is surmounted by a
hinged top section, which is composed of a vertical ring, a horizontal plate or
support for the detachable glass deflector or flame-protector, and an upper metallic
or brass deflector of the burner. The vertical ring is perforated around its entire
circumference, and the plate is also perforated throughout its entire area. The
plate has the customary edge rim, and a screw or other device for retaining the
transparent flame protector. The lower plate of the body of the burner has a
vertical or downwardly extending ring or flange, which fits on the flanged burner
base, and the two parts are connected by means of a bayonet joint or other form of
joint serving to effect a detachable connection between the body of the burner and
its base portion.
It will be manifest that the fluted shell presents a large area to catch an increased
amount of air, and the latter in moving about the channels and ribs or fluted
portions is intercepted and compelled to pass into the burner instead of passing
around the shell, as would be the case if the same were made with a plane outer
surface. The inner edges of the ribs, formed by fluting or corrugating the shell,
extend nearly to the walls of the cone, and thus it will be obvious that as the air
ascends along the fluted foraminous shell, the downwardly-projecting flange of the
top plate will arrest or intercept the upward passage of the air, and cause it to pass
into the interior of the cone.
The plate intercepts the air as it rises, and a portion of the same is drawn in at
the perforations of the ring and conveyed to the flame. This result would not take
place if the plate were made imperforate. The transparent flame-protector supported
upon the plate is supplied with air through the perforations in said plate, and in
this manner the brilliancy of the flame is further increased. The position of the
plate at the top of the burner will enable almost the entire portion thereof to be
exposed to the air, which will insure the production of a brilliant and uniform
flame. It is not necessary to the successful operation of the burner to use the
glass flame-protector or cone, which takes the place of the ordinary chimney, but
ample provision is made for supporting the same and feeding air into the interior
thereof. An additional reason for maintaining the perforated plate in an elevated
position, in contradistinction to being located at the base of the burner, is to cause
the air in its upward progress, when the oil is burning, to strike against the under
side of the plate, when it is checked by those parts of the plate between the
perforations, and the air then goes directly on to the flame over the cone.
As a modification of the wick-tube and filling device heretofore described, I
contemplate using a wick-tube which has a filling chamber at its lower end that is
provided with two screw-threaded necks of varying diameters, so as to enable a
burner having such a wick-tube to be fitted into lamp-founts provided with different
sized collars. The filling-chamber in the present instance has an upwardly
extending nipple, which receives a screw threaded plug or cap. A wick tube of
the description just specified has its wick-raising shaft fitted in the cone shaped
shell, which is firmly connected with the wick-tube so as to leave no opening
between it and said tube. Projections or lugs serve to receive and retain the base-
plate of the burner.
The object of another part of my said Invention is to provide a lamp burner of
a cheap and simple construction, the component parts of which are so fitted together
as to permit the ready separation thereof for cleaning and other purposes.
Another object of the said Invention is to ensure the perfect safety of the burner,
and cause the production of a clear and highly luminious flame, and prevent the

page_text: over heating of the burner for permitting the burner to be handled and the chimney
removed without burning the fingers.
I attain the results above stated by the construction and combination of parts
which will hereinafter be more fully described.
The base of the burner comprises a flanged ring having an inwardly-turned
bottom or horizontal portion, which is perforated or provided with openings for
admitting air to the wick-tube or flame and chimney or only to the former.
The radial arms projecting from the ring are made in one piece therewith, and
also form one integral part of a solid central portion. The latter is of a dished or
concavo-convex shape, and constitutes the cover of the ratchet-wheel housing or
casing. The latter has the customary screw-neck for securing it to the collar of.
the oil-fount, and the wick-tube passes through it and a cap, and is firmly secured
to both the housing and cap.
Flanges projecting in a slightly upward direction from the edge of the ring are
perforated in the same manner as the horizontal bottom portion of the ring.
These flanges receive and hold in position a removable foraminous cap or air-
distributor, which is of an arched or dished shape, and has the bottom or edge rim.
This rim is perforated and rests immediately over the perforated flanges. The
foraminous cap or air-distributor has a central slot, through which projects the
wick-tube for holding said cap firmly in position, and causing the openings of its
bottom rim to register with the openings in the flanges, and this cap or air distributer
rests loosely and detachably upon the said flanges.
The deflector-cone has a cone which surrounds the wick-tube and the flanged
bottom plate detachably fitted upon the flange of the burner base ring, and bent so
as to hook under the same, a spring catch being also provided for holding it in
place.
The bottom plate is provided with a zone of perforations, which, when a suitable
chimney is fitted to the burner, serve to admit air into the interior thereof between
the base of said chimney and the deflector-cone, causing what is termed the
"outside draft."
The object of the foraminous cap or air distributer, together with the perforated
plate of the deflector-cone, is to divide the draft or current of air passing through
the base of the burner, so as to cause one current to pass to the wick and the other
into the chimney. The air is delivered to the foraminous cap or air distributer in
a free manner, because all liability of obstructing the passage of the air is removed
by perforating the radial arms in the manner already stated.
The perforated arms will also tend to prevent the formation of air eddies, which
would frequently take place if imperforate arms were used.
It may be stated that the presence of the foraminous-cap or air distributer, and
the arrangement of the smooth-faced cone in proper relation thereto, will cause the
largest volume of air to be concentrated into the wick-tube, and by this increased
supply of air to the wick all wavering or flickering of the flame is avoided, and a
steady and uniform light produced, and every part of the burner is maintained in
a cool state, so that they may be handled with impunity upon removal of the
chimney.
By dividing the current of air in the manner already stated a small amount of
air is admitted to the interior of the chimney to supply the vacuum, and the larger
volume of air passing to the wick produces a coaction between the two to produce
a uniform, brilliant, and regular light. By the supply of air described no part of
the burner becomes more than blood warm, and it can accordingly be handled at
any time with ease and facility.
The burner above described can be used with any desired form of chimney, and
When
is intended for light oils whose specific gravity ranges up to 150° Baumé.
heavy oils are used I employ a foraminous cap or air distributer, which is perforated
over its entire area in a uniform manner. In this instance the openings in the
deflector-cone are closed by means of a register ring, and the foraminous cap or air-
distributer is annularly depressed in such manner as to leave a clear space between

page_text: it and the deflector-cone, and so as not to touch the latter at any point whatever
In this manner the entire volume of air passing through the base of the burner and
the foraminous-cap or air-distributer is fed to the wick-tube.
In this form of burner a supplementary or attachable chimney-holder is employed.
It comprises a ring which encircles the burner-cone, and a horizontal bottom
flange and outer vertical flange for supporting the chimney. Perforations or slits
made in this form of holder serve to supply the necessary air for producing the
outside draft, and also bring air in contact with the outside of the cone for
cooling it.
The deflector-cone and the burner base ring may be connected by any of the well
known means, for instance, by the means already set forth, or by pins on the ring
engaging the slot of the usual bayonet-joints.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th January 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND LANTERNS."
A communication froin abroad by Elias Burgher Requa, of Jersey City, New
Jersey, Machinist, and Ferdinand Fauntleroy Lambert, of the City and State-of
New York, Manufacturer, both in the United States of America.
This Invention relates to improvements in lamps and lanterns, and comprises
various novel features in the construction and arrangement of the parts of the same,
as hereinafter described.
The first part of the said Invention, which is illustrated in Figures 1 to 8 of the
Drawings, relates to certain improvements in lamps and lanterns, whereby the
flame is supplied with a uniform quantity of air without being affected by excessive
draughts induced by sudden or rapid movements of the lantern, the excess of air
above that required for proper combustion being removed or caused to pass away
through suitable flues, so as to cool the lamp frame, and decrease the danger of
explosions, and a frec escape for the products of combustion being also provided
through a perforated dome attached to a cap-piece, which is secured by an attach-
ment and catch of novel construction, as hereinafter more fully set forth.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of this improved lamp or lantern; and
Figure 2 is an underside view of the same.
Figure 3 is an elevation of the lamp-body, fount, and burner, partly broken away
to show the relation of the parts.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the flanged wick-tube.
Figure 5 represents a longitudinal and a transverse section through the burner.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section through the domed cap-piece.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of the hinge-attachment of the cap-piece; and
Figure 8 represents in perspective the spring-catch by which the cap-piece is
secured to the frame.
The remaining Figures are hereinafter described.
A indicates the base of the lantern, which is concavo-convex in form, and is
provided near its upper edge with perforations a, a, to permit the passage of air
to the space below the fount when the lantern is resting upon a table or other support.
Above the base A is the lantern body B, within which is arranged the oil-fount C.
On each side of this oil-fount and passing down through the body is a tube D,
which terminates below the body of the lantern in a perforated cup-shaped cavity
formed by the foraminous plate or plates d for receiving and transmitting air to
and through the tubes D for the purpose of supplying the requisite inside draught
to the burner. The upper projecting ends of the tubes D receive the short
tubes e, e, on the under surface of the pyramidal burner E, the inner surface of
which is nearly conical in form.
This burner consists of an inner and outer shell, which are perforated at the top
by the elongated flame slot e¹. The lower portion of the outer shell is cut away on
each side, so as to present an opening e2 having an upper curved outline, as shewn,
and leading directly to the space between the shells.
The short tubes e, e, which communicate with the main draught tubes D, D, also
pass between the inner and outer shells of the burner at each end. Within these
short tubes are arranged the perforated cones e³, e³, which point upward, and serve
to check or regulate the force of the draught. In the inner shell of the burner and
above the upper end of the tubes e are the foraminous plates e' that serve a similar
purpose in checking the pressure of air, and in the outer shell opposite these plates,
are perforations that permit the escape of any undue excess of air, thus ensuring
:
+

page_text: the requisite amount of draught without the objectionable effects of an excessive
pressure. The lower portion of the burner is provided with a flange e that nearly
covers the cup-like depression at the top of the oil-fount. This depression is formed
by an upwardly projecting band B', which is closely perforated for the passage of
air to the burner and interior of the globe, forming an outer draught, the force of
which however is broken by the projecting flange eo that acts as a guard to prevent
too great a pressure.
Attached to the body of the lamp B at its upper part, below and to the outer
side of the vertical perforated band B' is a flaring concavo-convex flange or band B²
provided with perforations b, b, for the passage of air to the vertical perforated
band B, air being also permitted to enter at the annular opening between the upper
edge of the said band B2 and a similar band B3 that is supported upon the upper
edge of the vertical band B¹.
The band Bs forms the lower portion of the chambered globe-holder. When the
lamp is exposed to wet weather the perforations b, b, also permit the escape of
water that might otherwise collect on the concave surface of the band B2. Within
the socket c of the oil-fount is fitted the wick-tube F, which is provided with the
usual stem and ratchet or toothed wheels f for raising and lowering the wick. At
the top of the upper flattened portion of this tube is a curved flange f', the flaring
ends of which when the burner is in position fit closely against the upper edges of
the inner shell of the latter, thus holding the wick-tube in proper line with the
flame-slot, and preventing the currents of air passing through the burner from
striking the edges of the flame. Attached to one side of the concavo-convex
band B by means of a suitable hinge b¹ is a convex annulus or band B, having a
central opening that receives a flange or rim on the lower end of the glass-globe G,
within which projects the upper end of the burner E. This annulus B also supports
the upper frame of the lantern surrounding the globe, and is provided with a hasp b²
that is perforated at its end and enters a slot 63 in the band B2, where it may be
fastened by the hook b, or a suitable padlock if desired, so as to securely lock the
lantern when necessary. When the upper frame of the lantern is closed the convex
annulus B* rests on the concave flange B³, thus forming a chambered globe-holder,
within which is the flange or rim at the lower end of the globe.
Extending upward from the annulus B₁ are the flues H, which are preferably
three in number, and support a cap-piece I that is surmounted by a perforated
dome K. The flues H are connected by the wire guards or ribs h, h, which are
threaded through the flues and suitably secured within the same, so as to form a
continuous frame around the lantern-for the protection of the glass globe from
external blows or injury. At the top of the flues H on their inner sides are per-
forations,, for the passage of air, the flues thus serving to admit a moderate
downward draught to the chambered globe-holder when the lantern is at rest, but
they are principally useful by furnishing a ready escape for an excessive pressure
or draught of air when the lantern is rapidly lowered or used in high winds. The
flues are connected at their upper ends by an annular band or rib 2, to which is
attached the cap-piece I by means of a stout wire i that is bent twice at right
angles and securely attached to the band after passing through suitable per-
forations i, i, in the edge of the cap-picce I. If desired the position of this wire
attachment may be changed by attaching it directly to the cap-piece and forming
the perforations ,, in the band h². This device forms a simple inexpensive
substitute for a hinge that is not liable to get out of order, and allows a perfect
freedom of motion to the cap-piece when it is desired to open the lantern for
introducing or removing the globe. It also enables the said cap-piece to fit more
closely upon the frame. The cap-piece I is provided with a spring hasp I¹ that
engages with a spring staple I2, which is attached at its upper end to the outer
side of one of the flues H; the lower end of this staple is bent inward at a right
angle so as to enter a small slot in the flue, and then again bent in an upward
direction to form a stop that limits its outward springing movement. When the
hasp I is engaged with the spring staple 12 the cap-piece is held firmly in place,

page_text: but may be further secured if desired by means of a small padlock attached to the
staple on the outer side of the hasp. When it is desired to release the hasp for the
purpose of raising the cap-piece, a slight inward pressure upon the staple will be
sufficient to disengage the parts.
The upper end of the globe C when in position presses against a horizontal
annular flange in the interior of the perforated dome K, and is thus held firmly
in place. This dome is provided with the usual perforations h, k, for the passage
of heated air, and also has a bail or handle L by means of which the lantern is
handled.
From the foregoing description the operation and advantages of my improved
lantern and globe will be readily understood. The draught passing upward from
the base of the lamp through the tubes on each side of the oil-fount to the burner
and globe is checked and rendered even and steady by means of the perforated
plates at the lower ends of the main tubes, and by the perforated cones in the
small connecting tubes and foraminous plates above the latter on the inner shell
of the burner.
By means of the vertical perforated band that connects the top of the oil-fount
with the chambered globe-holder, the interior of the burner and globe is still
further supplied with fresh air in a finely diffused state, the pressure being
moderated by the perforations through which it is caused to pass, and an exit for
any excess being afforded through the flues that lead up on the outer side of the
globe to the cap-piece supporting the perforated dome through which the heated
air and products of combustion finally escape. The peculiar construction of the
burner is such that it is enabled in a still atmosphere to burn oils, having a test
of 150°, without the necessity for using a globe or chimney of any kind giving a
clear safe light, and in using oils having a test no higher than 150° any globe that
will fit the lantern may be used with the burner as a protection to the flame in
the open air. When using mineral, sperm, or oil of 300° test, a globe is needed that
will concentrate the inflowing air in the immediate vicinity of the flame. The
peculiar construction of my improved globe above described is such that by means
of its base flaring outward from the contracted portion or neck g, and adapted to
fit over the burner and correspond with the perforated band below the chambered
globe-holder, a draught or current of uniform strength is at all times drawn into
the lantern and the globe is prevented from becoming unduly heated. In rapidly
changing the position of the lantern by raising or lowering it the tendency to
unequal pressure thereby developed is obviated by the flues and construction of
the burner and wick-tube, so that the flame is prevented from dipping or being
extinguished, the edges of the flame being protected especially by the peculiar
flange at the top of the wick-tube, which corresponds closely with the frame slot
in the apex of the burner.
It will be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details of con-
struction hereinabove described, as the parts may be combined in a number of ways
and still be within the limits of the Invention.
The second part of my Invention is represented in Figures 9 to 13 of the
Drawings, in which
Figure 9 is an elevation of a lamp-burner constructed according to this part of
the said Invention; and
Figure 10 is a central vertical section thereof.
Figure 11 is a detached view of the burner-base, the lower deflector and the
wick-tube having the oil-supply opening.
Figure 12 is a detached view of the fluted foraminous shell, the central or inter-
mediate cone, the hinged top cone, and the glass deflector-holder.
Figure 13 represents a modified form of wick-tube having two screw-necks, as
hereinafter described.
The object of this part of the said Invention is to supply an increased amount of
air to the flame and interior of the burner for effecting a more perfect combustion,
and ensuring a brilliant and uniform light, and furthermore for reducing the

page_text: temperature at the lower end of the wick-tube so that the latter and the collar of
the oil-fount will be preserved in a cool state, and the oil will not vaporize until it
has well ascended through the wick-tube.
Another object of this part of the said Invention is to reduce the metal connected
with the wick-tube to the lowest possible weight, so that as little heat as possible
will accumulate at its lower end, and in addition thereto to place the wick-raising
wheels high up on the wick-tube in order to prevent the soft and yielding wick
from jamming, which would be an inevitable result if the wheels were placed at
the bottom of the tube in the customary manner.
A designates the wick-tube which has a screw threaded neck at its lower end
formed of the metal composing the tube for attaching it to the screw-collar of the oil-
fount. The said wick-tube has outwardly projecting horizontal arms a to which the
flanged base-plate B of the burner is attached, this base-plate is provided with a
deflector or cone C on its upper side, which cone serves to conduct the air admitted
below the said base-plate to the wick-tube passing upwardly through the said
deflector. The arms a are perforated so as to offer no impediment to the free
upward passage of the air. The wick-tube is provided with a housing or semi-
cylindrical shell D which encloses the ordinary ratchet-wheels d or other device
for raising and lowering the wick. The shaft E of the wick-raising wheels is
journalled in the said housing, and the latter is arranged immediately above the
base-plate of the burner, so that it is at some distance above the base of the wick-
tube and the oil-fount. The wick-raising wheels project through slots in the wick-
tube for properly engaging with the wick.
The location of the wick raising wheels immediately below the burner base, or at
some distance above the bottom of the wick-tube, will obviate the jamming of the
wick in the tube, which latter result is sure to take place when the wick-raising
wheels are arranged at the bottom of the said wick-tube. An enlargement or
chamber a is formed in the wick-tube directly above the screw or attaching neck
thereof; this chamber has an opening which is closed by means of a slide or cover b.
By uncovering the said opening the spout of an oil-can may be inserted into the
same for the purpose of filling the lamp-fount with oil at any time. The body of
the burner is made separate from the base portion thereof, and consists of the
lower flanged ring F, the fluted and foraminous shell G, and the upper plate H
formed or provided with the upwardly-projecting cone I. This upper plate H has
a downwardly projecting flange which extends below the upper end of the
foraminous shell G and serves to hold the same, and intercept the upward passage
of the air passing through the vertical channels of the fluted foraminous shell so as
to cause such air to pass through the said shell and enter the interior of the cone I.
This cone has a series of openings at its base which serve to admit hot air into the
interior of the same.
The body of the burner is surmounted by a hinged top section which is composed
of the vertical ring J, the horizontal plate or support K for the detachable glass
deflector or flame-protector S, and the upper metallic or brass deflector L of the
burner. The ring J is perforated around its entire circumference, and the plate K
is also perforated throughout its entire area. This plate K has the usual edge
rim L' and a screw or other device for retaining the transparent flame protector S.
The lower plate F of the body of the burner has a vertical or downwardly extending
ring or flange f which fits on the flanged burner-base B, and the two parts are con-
nected by means of a bayonet-joint or other form of joint serving to effect a
detachable connection between the body of the burner and its base-portion.
It will be manifest that the fluted shell presents a large area to catch an increased
amount of air, and the latter in moving about the channels and ribs or fluted
portions is intercepted and compelled to pass into the burner instead of passing
around the shell, as would be the case if the same were made with a plane outer
surface. The inner edges of the ribs formed by fluting or corrugating the shell
extend nearly to the walls of the cone I, and thus it will be obvious that as the air
ascends along the fluted foraminous shell, the downwardly-projecting flange h of

page_text: the top plate H will arrest or intercept the upward passage of the air, and cause it
to pass into the interior of the cone I.
The plate K intercepts the air as it rises, and a portion of the same is drawn in
at the perforations of the ring J and conveyed to the flame. This result would not
take place if the plate K were made imperforate. The transparent flame-
protector supported upon the plate K is supplied with air through the perforations
in the said plate, and in this manner the brilliancy of the flame is further
increased. The position of the plate K at the top of the burner will enable
almost the entire portion thereof to be exposed to the air, which will ensure the
production of a brilliant and uniform flame. It is not necessary to the successful
operation of the burner to use the glass flame protector or cone which takes the
place of the ordinary chimney, but ample provision is made for supporting the
same and feeding air into the interior thereof. An additional reason for main-
taining the perforated plate K in an elevated position, in contradistinction to
being located at the base of the burner, is to cause the air in its upward progress
when the oil is burning to strike against the under side of the plate, when it is
checked by those parts of the plate between the perforations, and the air then
passes directly on to the flame over the cone. As a modification of the wick-tube
and filling device above described, I in some cases employ a wick-tube which has a
filling chamber M at its lower end that is provided with two screw-threaded
necks m, n, of varying diameters, so as to enable a burner having such a wick-tube
to be fitted into lamp-founts provided with different sized collars.
The filling
chamber in the example shewn has an upwardly extending nipple, which receives
a screw threaded plug or cap. A wick-tube of this description has its wick-raising
shaft fitted in the cone-shaped shell, which is firmly connected with the wick-tube
so as to leave no opening between it and said tube. Projections or lugs o serve
to receive and retain the base-plate of the burner A.
The third part of this Invention is illustrated in Figures 14 to 19 of the
Drawings, in which,
Figure 14 is a vertical section of a lamp-burner especially adapted for light
hydrocarbon oils.
Figure 15 is a detailed view of the ring-shaped burner-base and the perforated
arms for securing the wick-tube and its ratchet-wheel casing to the said ring
shaped base.
Figure 16 is a detached view of the foraminous cap or air-distributor having a
perforated edge or bottom rim.
Figure 17 is a detached view of the deflector or cone having a perforated bottom
plate and a closing or register ring.
Figure 18 is a vertical section of a burner specially adapted for burning heavy oils.
Figure 19 is a detached view of the chimney holder or ring adapted to fit on the
cone of the said burner.
The object of this part of the said Invention is to provide a lamp-burner of
a cheap and simple construction, the component parts of which are
so fitted
together as to permit the ready separation thereof for cleaning and other purposes.
Another object of this part of the said Invention is to ensure the perfect safety
of the burner, and cause the production of a clear and highly luminous flame, and
prevent the over heating of the burner for permitting the burner to be handled and
the chimney removed without burning the fingers.
The base of the burner comprises the flanged ring A having an inwardly-turned
bottom or horizontal portion, which is perforated or provided with openings a for
admitting air to the wick-tube, or flame and chimney, or only to the former.
The radial arms B projecting from the said ring A are made in one piece there-
with, and also form one integral part of a solid central portion C. The latter is of
a dished or concavo-convex shape, and constitutes the cover of the ratchet-wheel
housing or casing D. The latter has the ordinary screw-neck d for securing it to
the collar of the oil-fount, and the wick-tube E passes through it and the cap C,
and is firmly secured to both the housing and cap.

page_text: Flanges F projecting in a slightly upward direction from the edge of the ring A
are perforated in the same manner as the horizontal bottom portion of the said
ring A. These flanges receive and hold in position are movable foraminous cap.or
air-distributor G, which is of an arched or dished shape, and has the bottom or edge
rim H. This rim is perforated and rests immediately over the perforated flanges F.
The foraminous cap or air-distributor has a central slot through which projects the
wick-tube for holding the said cap firmly in position, and causing the openings of
its bottom rim to register with the openings in the flanges F, and this cap or
air-distributor rests loosely and detachably upon the said flanges.
I represents the deflector-cone which is shewn as having the cone i which
surrounds the wick-tube, and the flanged bottom plate j detachably fitted upon the
flange of the burner-base-ring, and bent so as to hook under the same, a spring-
catch I being also provided for holding it in place. The bottom plate j is provided
with a zone of perforations which, when a suitable chimney is fitted to the
burner, serve to admit air into the interior thereof between the base of the said
chimney and the deflector-cone I, causing what is termed the "outside draught."
The object of the foraminous cap or air-distributor, together with the perforated
plate of the deflector-cone, is to divide the draught or current of air passing
through the base of the burner, so as to cause one current to pass to the wick and
the other into the chimney. The air is delivered to the foraminous cap or air-
distributor in a free manner, because all liability of obstructing the passage of the
air is removed by perforating the radial arms in the manner above stated.
"
The perforated arms will also tend to prevent the formation of air eddies, which
would frequently take place if imperforate arms were used.
It may be stated that the presence of the foraminous cap or air-distributor, and
the arrangement of the smooth-faced cone in proper relation thereto, will cause the
largest volume of air to be concentrated into the wick-tube, and by this increased
supply of air to the wick, all-wavering or flickering of the flame is avoided, and a
steady, and uniform light produced, and every part of the burner is maintained in a
cool state, so that they may be handled with impunity upon removal of the
chimney.
By dividing the current of air in the manner already stated, a small amount of
air is admitted to the interior of the chimney to supply the vacuum, and the larger
volume of air passing to the wick produces a co-action between the two to produce
a uniform, brilliant, and regular light. By the supply of air described no part of
the burner becomes more than blood warm, and it can accordingly be handled at
any time with ease and facility.
The burner above described can be used with any desired form of chimney, and
is intended for light oils, whose specific gravity ranges up to 150° Baumé. When
heavy oils are used I employ the foraminous cap or air-distributor, shewn in
Figure 18, which is perforated over its entire area in a uniform manner. In this
instance the openings in the deflector-cone are closed by means of a register ring,
and the foraminous cap or air-distributor is annularly depressed in such manner as
to leave a clear space between it and the deflector-cone, and so as not to touch the
latter at any point whatever. In this manner the entire volume of air passing
through the base of the burner and the foraminous cap or air-distributor is fed to
the wick-tube.
In this form of burner the supplementary or attachable chimney-holder O is
employed, as shewn in Figure 18; it comprises a ring which encircles the burner-
cone, and a horizontal bottom flange and outer vertical flange for supporting the
chimney. Perforations or slits P made in this form of holder serve to supply the
necessary air for producing the outside draught, and also bring air in contact with
the outside of the cone to cool the same.
The deflector-cone and the burner-base-ring may be connected by any of the
well-known means, for instance, by the means already set forth, or by pins bon
the ring engaging with the slot of the usual bayonet-joints (see Figure 15).
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my

page_text: foreign correspondents, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it under-
stood that I claim,―
With reference to the first part of the said Invention,―
First. The combination with a lantern frame and fount, having air tubes or
passages covered at their lower ends by foraminous plates, and a wick-tube
provided at its upper end with a curved flange of a burner, consisting of an inner
and outer shell, having a flame-slot that corresponds with the flange of the wick-
tube, and provided with suitable tubes and openings guarded by perforated plates
and cones adapted to moderate the draught, substantially as above described and
shewn in the Drawings.
Second. The combination with an oil-fount and burner of a chambered globe-
holder and Blues leading therefrom on the outer side of the globe, to afford means
for the escape of an excess of air, and thereby preventing the flame from dipping or
being extinguished, or the parts from being unduly heated, substantially as above.
set forth and shewn in the Drawings.
Third. The combination with a lamp-fount burner and chambered globe-holder
having flues leading therefrom, of a globe having a flaring base and contracted
neck, whereby it is adapted to concentrate the draught in the vicinity of the
burner without becoming excessively heated, substantially as above described and
shewn in the Drawings.
Fourth. The combination with the lamp body and globe of a hinged frame
composed of the upper convex band of the globe-holder, flues leading therefrom
and supporting an attached cap piece and circular guards or ribs connecting said
flues and adapted to protect the globe from external injury, substantially as
specified and shewn in the Drawings.
Fifth. The combination with the cap-piece and upper rib of a lantern-frame of
an attachment composed of a wire bent twice at right angles and adapted to
support the said cap-piece when raised or thrown back, substantially as set forth
and shewn in the Drawings.
Sixth. The combination with a lantern-frame of a fastening composed of a hasp
and a spring staple adapted to secure a lantern-cap, substantially as described and
shown in the Drawings.
Seventh. The combination with a lantern-frame of a globe having a flaring base.
and contracted neck, and swelling gradually to its upper portion, whereby the
draught is concentrated in the vicinity of the burner and flame, substantially as
described and shewn in the Drawings.
With reference to the second part of the said Invention,-
Eighth. The burner base plate provided with an open bottom and a wick-tube
extended downward and provided at its lower end with means as described to
a channelled or fluted
connect it with a lamp-collar in combination with
foraminous shell provided at its upper end with a plate carrying both the
perforated cone and the perforated exterior deflector, all substantially as described.
and shewn in the Drawings.
Ninth. The combination with the flanged burner base-plate having a wick-tube
provided with a screw-neck, to connect with a lamp-collar of the channelled or
fluted foraminous shell having at its lower end the flanged ring F detachably
connected with the flange of the burner base-plate, and at its upper end provided
with the flanged plate H carrying the movable perforated deflector and the
stationary perforated cone I, substantially as described and shewn in the
Drawings.
Tenth. The burner base-plate B having perforated radial arms a and carrying
an attached air-deflecting cone C in combination with the channelled or fluted
foraminous shell G, surrounding and extending above the air-deflecting cone, and
carrying at its upper end the perforated cone I and perforated deflector L,
substantially as described and shewn in the Drawings.
Eleventh. The combination with the burner base-plate provided with the cone C,
constructed with a wick-tube projecting downwardly and provided with means to

page_text: support it on a lamp-collar and having the perforated arms a of the channelled or
fluted foraminous shell detachably connected with the said burner base-plate, and
carrying the movable perforated deflector L and the stationary perforated cone I,
the movable deflector being provided with a perforated flange supporting the glass
flame-protector, substantially as described and shewn in the Drawings.
Twelfth. The swinging perforated deflector L hinged to the flanged plate H of
the foraminous shell and arranged over the perforated cone I, the said deflector
being provided with the perforated flange K arranged immediately above the
perforations in the deflector and supporting the glass-flame-protector S, substan-
tially as set forth and shewn in the Drawings and for the purpose specified.
-
Thirteenth. The wick-tube having the bottom chamber formed of the metal of
the tube and the screw necks of different diameters, the filling orifice and the
closing device for the latter, in combination with the elevated burner, substantially
as set forth and shewn in the Drawings and for the purpose specified.
With reference to the third part of the said Invention,-
Fourteenth. The burner-base consisting of the perforated ring A having at its
inner edge the inclined perforated-flange or flanges F in combination with the
foraminous cap or air-distributor C, supported at its margin only by the perforated
flange or flanges of the base, and the deflector I resting on and supported by the
burner-base ring outside of the perforations in the latter, substantially as described
and shewn in the Drawings.
Fifteenth. The combination with the burner-base consisting of the perforated
ring A having the perforated flanges F and the detachable deflector-cone resting on
the ring outside the perforations therein, of the foraminous cap or air-distributor
resting on the perforated flanges and bearing against the deflector cone,
substantially as described and shewn in the Drawings.
Sixteenth. The burner-base consisting of the annularly perforated ring A,
provided at its inner edge with the upwardly inclined perforated flange or flanges F,
and radial perforated arins B attached to the ratchet-wheel chamber in combination
with the foraminous cap or air distributor G, removably supported by the inclined
flange or flanges, and the deflector I resting on and supported by the burner-base
ring outside the perforations therein, substantially as described and shewn in the
Drawings.
Seventeenth. The burner base consisting of the perforated ring A, the radial
perforated arms B, and the ratchet-chamber D and wick-tube E in combination
with the superposed foraminous cap or air-distributor G and a deflector-cone I
detachably supported on the burner-base-ring outside the perforations therein,
substantially as described and shown in the Drawings.
Eighteenth. The burner-base having an outer series of perforations, the radial
perforated arins and the central ratchet-chamber and wick-tube in combination
with the detachable superposed foraminous cap or air distributor having an outer
perforated ring, as set forth and shewn in the Drawings, and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
WM. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)