IMPROVEMENTS IN NIGHT SIGNALS FOR NAVAL, MILITARY, AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE NIGHT SIGNALING IS REQUIRED
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Jaynor and Stephen Francis Smith, both
of Clapham Road, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN NIGHT SIGNALS FOR NAVAL, MILITARY, AND OTHER
PURPOSES WHERE NIGHT SIGNALING IS REQUIRED."
Sealed the 3rd May 1872, and dated the 4th November 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Jaynor and
Stephen Francis Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th November 1871.
We, ALBERT JAYNOR and STEPHEN FRANCIS SMIтш, both of Clapham
Road, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NIGHT SIGNALS FOR NAVAL, MILITARY, AND
OTHER PURPOSES WHERE NIGHT SIGNALING IS REQUIRED," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement, construction, and com-
bination of night signals composed of inflammable materials, the material
for each color being in a separate and distinct case, the combustion of

page_text: each of such separate signals producing light of the particular color
required for the purpose of signaling by night at sea or on land for
various purposes.
Hitherto signals of this description have been made up for use in
cases of paper or other material, and the series of several different &
colored fires or inflammable materials have been contained and arranged
permanently in the same case, so that each color may burn in succession
in the order required for giving a particular signal. Now in order to
give signals by this means in accordance with a particular code it would
be necessary to have a great number and variety of such signals, and ]
much difficulty would be experienced and time occupied in selecting the
particular signals which would be required to be burnt for the purpose of
transmitting any message by such a system of signaling.
In order to obviate these difficulties and to afford the greatest facility
in the arrangement, selection, and display of signals of this description
according to our Invention we place the inflammable materials for
producing each or any particular color when ignited in a separate case
with a fuse to each, the cases being so formed or constructed that two
or any other number of them can be quickly and securely combined
together in the order in which the successive colors are required for 1
giving a particular signal according to a particular code. We prefer to
form the cases of fusible metal which will melt at a comparatively low
temperature, such as an amalgum of lead and bismuth, but we do not
confine ourselves thereto as other metal or material may be employed.
We also prefer to combine or connect the series of separate colored
signals together in the order required by forming, moulding, or pressing
each case with a screw thread thereon, so that the end of one will readily
screw and fit into the end of another, by which means they can be very
rapidly and securely connected together. Or the cases may be con-
nected together by sockets, pins, or other simple fastening, so as to be
capable of being fixed securely and rapidly together. Each case being
tubular or formed with an opening at the bottom end, when
is consumed in burning it communicates with and ignites the fuse of
the next in succession, and so on until all are consumed; and as each
separate signal of a particular color is stored or kept in its own box or
receptacle the several colors required for making up a given signal can
be readily selected therefrom and combined together as they are required
for use
one
color

page_text: We would remark that we do not confine ourselves to making up
the signals in cases, as previously described, as separate colored signals
without such cases may be employed in accordance with our Invention
by introducing and igniting them in succession in a suitable holder
or burner in the order and according to the particular code of signals
employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Albert Jaynor and Stephen Francis Smith in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th May 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALBERT
JAYNOR and STEPHEN FRANCIS SMITH, both of Clapham Road, in the
County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and soventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Albert Jaynor and Stephen Francis Smith,
Her special licence that we, the said Albert Jaynor and Stephen Francis
Smith, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Albert Jaynor and Stephen Francis Smith, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NIGHT
SIGNALS FOR NAVAL, MILITARY, AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE NIGHT SIGNALING IS
REQUIRED," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Albert
Jaynor and Stephen Francis Smith, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Albert Jaynor and Stephen Francis
Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
This Invention relates to the arrangement, construction, and com-
bination of night signals composed of inflammable materials, the
material for each color being in a separate and distinct case, the com-
bustion of each of such separate signals producing light of the particular
color required for the purpose of signaling by night at sea or on land
for various purposes.
Hitherto, signals of this description have been made up for use in
cases of paper or other material, and the series of several different
colored fires or inflammable materials have been contained and arranged
permanently in the same case, so that each color may burn in succession
in the order required for giving a particular signal. Now in order to
give any considerable number of signals by this means in accordance
with a particular code it would be necessary to have a great number
and variety of such signals, and much difficulty would be experienced
and time occupied in selecting the particular signals which would be
required to be burnt for the purpose of transmitting any message by
such a system of signaling.
In order to obviate these difficulties and to afford the greatest facility
in the arrangement, selection, and display of signals of this description
according to our Invention we place the inflammable materials (for
producing each or any particular color when ignited) in a separate case
with a fuse to cach, the cases being so formed or constructed that two
or any other number of them can be quickly and securely combined
together in the order in which the successive colors are required to burn
for giving a particular signal according to a particular code. We prefer
to form or make the cases of fusible metal which will melt at a com- å
paratively low temperature, such as an amalgum of lead and bismuth,
as is well understood, but we do not confine ourselves thereto, as other
metal or material may be employed for this purpose. We also prefer to
combine or connect the series of separate colored signals. together in the
order required by forming, moulding, or pressing each case a with a 3
screw thread thereon, as shown in the Drawing hereunto annexed, which
shows separate views of a signal and parts made up in accordance with

page_text: our Invention, a section of four of such signals being shown combined
together at Figure 1. Each signal is so arranged and constructed that
the end of one will readily screw and fit into the end of another, by
which means they can be very rapidly and securely connected and com-
bined together in the required order. Or the cases may be connected
together by sockets, pins, or other simple fastening, so as to be capable
of being fixed securely and rapidly together. b is the colored fire, and
c a disc in which the fuse for igniting the signal is placed, d being
a perforated disc placed at the bottom of each signal to retain the
inflammable material, and yet allow the fire to pass to cach signal in
succession; thus, as one color is consumed in burning it communi-
cates with and ignites the fuse of the next in succession, and so on
until all are consumed. As each separate signal of a particular color
is stored or kept in its own box or receptacle the several colors required
for making up a given signal can be readily selected therefrom and
combined together as they are required for use.
We would remark that we do not confine ourselves to making up
the signals in cases as previously described, as separate colored signals
without such cases may be employed in accordance with our Invention
by introducing and igniting them in succession in a suitable holder
or burner in the order and according to the particular code of signals
employed. By means of our improvements a very extended range of
night signals of this character may be given. We are aware that lamps
of different colors have been employed for signaling, but their range is
very limited, and they can only be seen from one point of view, whereas
our improved system of signaling can be seen from all points of the
horizon.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is carried into practice, what we claim is,-
First. The method of arranging, combining together, or making up a
series of separate different, colored signals for burning in successive order
according to the particular signal required to be given by such means
for night signaling at sea or otherwise, substantially in the manner
herein-before described.
Secondly. We claim the construction of plain and colored signals in
separate cases, so that they may be readily united or connected together
by screwing or otherwise for giving signals for naval, military, and other

page_text: purposes, substantially in the manner herein-before described and shown
in the Drawing hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, we, the said Albert Jaynor and Stephen Francis
Smith, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this First day of
May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-two.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE,
Patent Agent,
(L.S.)
ALBERT JAYNOR.
STEPHEN F. SMITH. (L.S.)
34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, W.C.