Improvements in Kilns or Ovens for Firing Glass. Enamel-ware, and for other purposes, and in Annealing Devices.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Dec., 1890-Accepted, 21st Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns or Ovens for Firing Glass. Enamel-ware, and
for other purposes, and in Annealing Devices.
I, HENRY THOMAS PARFITT, of 161, Algernon Road, Lewisham, in the County
of Kent, Works Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to kilns or ovens adapted for firing painted or stained glass,
enamel ware, for bending glass and for many other purposes, the object of same
being to produce a kiln in which such processes may be rapidly and continuously
carried on.
To this end provide a kiln having any suitable number of chambers closed by
doors at either end, and having preferably rails laid on the bottom of same on which
low trucks are run for the purpose of carrying the articles to be treated. The
firing is effected by a series of atmospheric gas burners so placed in relation to the
escape flues that the flame (and a greater part of the products of combustion) are
prevented from coming in contact with the articles being fired. To prevent the too
rapid escape of the heat, projecting blocks are placed at different points in the
interior of the chamber, against which the flame and heat will strike. The heat
from one chamber is caused to circulate round the chamber above or next in order
for the purpose of increasing the temperature of same.
Suitable air inlet and
escape flues are provided. When the kiln is in operation the trucks containing
the articles are run in at one end and are drawn out at the other, so that firing may
be continuously carried on. Where the full size of any chamber is not required
movable fireproof division walls may be carried by the trucks or otherwise placed
so that a small chamber is formed in which articles may be fired with a small
consumption of heat.
To allow of the articles gradually cooling down and annealing when they are
withdrawn employ a chamber which may be made of iron wire covered or
quilted with asbestos or the like in which the trucks may stand after being
withdrawn from the kiln.
Dated this 24th day of March 1890
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Applicant's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns or Ovens for Firing Glass, Enamel-ware, and
for other purposes, and in Annealing Devices.
I, HENRY THOMAS PARFITT, of 161, Algernon Road, Lewisham, in the County
of Kent, Works Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to kilns or ovens adapted for firing painted or stained glass,
enamel ware, for heating glass for bending purposes, and for many other uses, the
object of same being to produce a kiln in which such processes may be rapidly and
continuously carried on, and my invention further relates to an annealing device to
be used in connection therewith.
To this end I provide a kiln having any suitable number of chambers closed by
doors at either end, and having preferably rails laid on the bottom of same on which
low trucks are run for the purpose of carrying the articles to be treated. The
firing is effected by a series of gas burners so placed in relation to the escape flues

page_text: that the flame (and a greater part of the products of combustion) are prevented
from coming in contact with the articles being fired. To prevent the too rapid
escape of the heat, projecting blocks are placed at different points in the interior
of the chamber, against which the flame and heat will strike. The heat from one
chamber is caused to circulate round the chamber above or next in order, for the
purpose of increasing the temperature of same. Suitable air inlet and escape flues
are provided. When the kiln is in operation the trucks containing the articles are
run in at one end and are drawn out at the other, so that firing may be continuously
carried on.
Where the full size of any chamber is not required movable fireproof
division walls may be carried by the trucks, or otherwise placed, so that a small
chamber is formed in which articles may be fired with a small consumption
of heat.
To clearly explain the nature of my invention reference is made to the
accompanying drawing in which :--
Fig. 1 is an elevation of either end of the kiln.
Fig. 2 is a section of same on the line, Fig. 3, showing a truck with a movable
back in same.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation partly in section, the sectional part being taken on the
line of Fig. 4, while
Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line, Fig. 3, and
Fig. 5 is a view of a part of a truck with a movable back.
As shown the kiln has two chambers a b, one placed above the other, though they
may be placed in other positions. These chambers are closed at each end by
doors c c such as shown in Fig. 1, while at the bottom of each chamber are rails dd
or the like which form a way for the truck or trucks e upon which the articles to be
fired or treated are placed.
These rails may project some distance outside of the kiln in order that the truck
or trucks may be drawn out of same.
Where one chamber is superposed upon the other the projecting portion of the
rails of the upper one are capable of being removed so that they will not interfere
with the working of the lower chamber. For the purpose of supporting same when
in place movable supports or standards dd Figs. 1 and 3 are employed. The gas
for the heating which may be illuminating, water, atmospheric gas, or the like, is
supplied through the pipes and branch pipes gg placed on both sides of the kiln.
The pipes have a number of pairs of jet pipes branching from same
and passing into the firing chambers, each pair being controlled by taps i as
shown.
The pipes are preferably curved as shown to about the curvature of the arched
roofs of the kiln chambers, the exit openings being so placed that the flame follows
the curve of the roof so. that the heat is thrown down upon the articles and the
products of combustion are kept away therefrom. Deflecting blocks jj are employed
as shown to throw back the flame slightly and prevent the heat from passing directly
to the flues.
The escape flue & from the lower chamber is connected with a number of passages
or flues as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 which pass around the upper chamber a aud
serve to convey the heat of the escaping gases to the latter. If further chambers
Suitable
are employed the heat from the second passes also to the next, and so on.
dampers m may be employed to close the flues or regulate the passage of the gases
which pass eventually into a flue, and from thence into a shaft o. The escaping
gases from the upper chamber in the present case pass direct into the flue and
from thence to the shaft o. The trucks e are preferably provided with a movable fire-
brick division wall shaped on the top to the curvature of the arch so that a small
chamber may be made when desired, the gas jets only being lighted that are
actually required for the size of the chamber formed. The construction of this
movable back is shown in Figs. 2 and 5 from which it will be seen that the roofs of
the chambers have recesses a¹ formed therein, into which the movable back e is
adapted to be raised by levers or rods having if desired tapered or wedge shaped

page_text: ends which may be pushed under same, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5, to raise them
into the recesses a. Apertures are provided in the sides of the kilns for
inserting these rods. Air passages p are formed in the lower part of the kiln
so that a supply of air is provided for the proper working of the furnace. These
passages may be controlled by dampers, doors, or the like, as desired.
View holes
such as qg are provided in the doors c to enable the progress of the operations to
be watched.
As soon as the firing is completed the trucks are drawn out of the chamber, and
the articles thereon are at once enclosed by a movable cover which may be placed
on or over same, and which may be of iron wire covered or quilted with asbestos
or other fireproof material, so that the heat contained in the articles is employed
to assist in their annealing as they gradually cool down.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The improved kiln or oven in which the articles are fired while on a truck or
the like by means of the heat of gas flames caused to play under the roof arch,
substantially as described.
2. The improved kiln or oven, having two or more chambers with suitable doors,
in which the articles are fired on trucks or the like by means of the heat of
gas flames caused to play under the roof arches, the second and subsequent
chambers being surrounded by flues to receive the waste heat, substantially as
described.
3. The improved kiln or oven, having one or more chambers with suitable doors,
in which the articles are fired while on trucks by the heat of gas flames caused to
play under the roof arch, means being provided for reducing the size of the
chambers, and means for controlling the gas flames, substantially as described.
4. The improved device for annealing the fired articles when cooling on the
trucks, consisting of a movable cover, substantially as described.
5. The improved kiln or oven substantially as described and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1890.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Applicant's Agent.