IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SMOKE AND AIR FLUES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Doulton, of Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SMOKE AND AIR FLUES."
Sealed the 7th May 1858, and dated the 8th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Doulton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th March 1858.
I, HENRY DOULTON, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SMOKE.
AND AIR FLUES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of smoke
and air flues. For these purposes the parts of flues are manufactured by
expressing suitable clay or brick earth through dies, in order to produce
peculiarly formed blocks. suitable for building smoke and air flues, and for
working in with ordinary brickwork. Through each block there is a passage
for forming part of a smoke flue, which may be of a cylindrical, elliptical, or
other suitable section, and is of a size corresponding with the size of flue
desired to be made thereby. Each block has also a narrow passage through
it, in order to produce an air flue following the line of the smoke flue. These
air passages are made rectangular-on three sides, and, by preference, curved on

page_text: the fourth, where it comes next the snioke flue. Three of the exterior surfaces
of each block are formed flat, and at right angles to each other, and the fourth
side is produced partly by a straight line and partly by curved lines, where it
connects with the two sides. The sizes of such blocks, in order to make
them suitable for working in with ordinary brickwork, are respectively
eighteen inches by thirteen and a half inches, thirteen and a half inches by
thirteen and a half inches, and thirteen and a half inches by nine inches. And
in order that such blocks may be suitable for flues which are required to
incline either to the right or left, they are for such purposes made with
surfaces at the tops and bottoms inclined to the sides; and in order that the
air flues may be shut off from the smoke flues where the blocks come together,
each air flue has a lip or projection affixed, which enters the next block. The
dimensions above given are for ordinary brickwork where nine-inch bricks are
used, but the proportions will be varied when required for other descriptions of
work. In order to facilitate the air passing from rooms of buildings into
the air flues, side openings are made into some of the air passages in the
blocks.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Doulton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
DOULTON, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Doulton, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Doulton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Doulton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SMOKE AND AIR FLUES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henry Doulton, my executors or administrators, by

page_text: an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next.
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Doulton, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture, of
smoke and air flues. For these purposes the parts of flues are manufactured
by expressing suitable clay or brick earth through dies, in order to produce
peculiarly formed blocks suitable for building smoke and air flues, and for
working in with ordinary brickwork. Through each block there is a passage
for forming part of a smoke flue, which may be of a cylindrical, elliptical, or
other suitable section, and is of a size corresponding with the size of flue
desired to be made thereby. Each block has also a narrow passage through
it, in order to produce an air flue following the line of the smoke flue. These
air passages are made rectangular on three sides, and, by preference, curved
on the fourth, where it comes next the smoke flue. Three of the exterior of
the surfaces of each block are formed flat and at right angles to cach other, and
the fourth side is produced partly by a straight line and partly by curved lines;
where it connects with the two sides. The sizes of such blocks, in order to
make them suitable for working in with ordinary brickwork, are respectively
eighteen inches by thirteen and a half inches, thirteen and a half inches by
thirteen and a half inches, and thirteen and half inches by nine inches.
And in order that such blocks may be suitable for flues which are required to
incline either to the right or left, they are for such purposes made with surfaces
at the tops and bottoms inclined to the sides; and in order that the air flues
may be shut off from the smoke flues where the blocks come together, each
air flue has a lip or projection affixed, which enters the next block. The
dimensions above given are for ordinary brickwork where nine-inch bricks are
used, but the proportions will be varied when required for other descriptions
of work. In order to facilitate the air passing from rooms of buildings into
the air flues, side openings are made into some of the air passages in the
blocks.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.

page_text: DESCRIPTION. OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of two of the blocks constructed according
to my Invention; one of them, it will be seen, has an opening into the air
flue. Figures 2, 3, and 4 are horizontal sections of blocks, in which the
form of the smoke flues differ in shape one from the other, but they are all
similar in their external form and in the arrangement of the air flues. The
construction shown are for working in with ordinary nine-inch brickwork,
but this may be varied.
a is the air flue, and the smoke flue; c is a lip or projection by which,
and aided by the cement used at the junctions, the air flue is kept completely
separated from the smoke flue; d, d, are projections to fit into corresponding
openings, and thus is a correct placing of the parts of a flue insured; e is an
opening into the air flue, by which a communication can be made between a
room and an air flue, in order to improve the ventilation of such room, and an
air valve may, if desired, be applied to such opening. When inclined flues
are to be constructed, some of the blocks are made with inclined upper and
under ends according to the incline required to be given to a flue. The outer
surface f. f, may be made with the angles rounded off, as is shown by dotted
lines in Figure 2, or they may be made as is shown. When the back or
outer surface f, f, comes to the outside of a building it may, in order to make
it correspond in appearance with the contiguous brickwork, be marked with
lines or pointed.
I would remark that I am aware that blocks of earthenware or brick earth
have before been made with passages for forming parts of air and smoke flues
in the same block, but the form and arrangement of the parts have materially
differed from what are herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Doulton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
HENRY CHAPMAN,
18, Clarendon Place,
Vassall Rd, Brixton.
HY. DOULTON. (L.S.)