IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT TO FLUIDS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise of 46 Lincolns Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
TRANSMITTING HEAT TO FLUIDS Communicated to me from abroad by
Bernhard Röber of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, Engineer
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1882.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT TO FLUIDS
" (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Bernhard Röber of Dresden in the Kingdom of
Saxony Engineer.)
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for transmitting heat to
fluids such as described in the specification of a former Patent granted to me
the fourth day of November 1880 No. 4516 for Improvements in transmitting
heat to the contents of Steam boilers and other apparatus means or appliances,
therefor, charging pipes with fluid and apparatus therefor, communicated to me by
the above named Bernhard Rober.
According to this present Invention a central pipe or tube is inserted con-
centrically into the heat transmitting pipe. The annular space between the central
and outer tubes is provided with the necessary divisions partitions, diaphragms or
channels to guide or promote the circulation of the fluids in order to transmit the
heat, and the inner tube forms a channel or passage for circulation or escape of the
products of combustion, which in their passage heat the said central pipe internally
throughout its length.
Some or all of the heat transmitting pipes may be of an enlarged diameter in
that portion which is exposed to the fire, and these enlarged portions of the
pipes may be arranged to form walls, channels or passages, in the combustion
chambers
By such an arrangement the products of combustion may be caused to circulate
in different flues along or around these walls or partitions, formed by the enlarged
ends of the heat transmitting pipes and finally to escape through the central tubes
within the said pipes.
Instead of using the central openings of these pipes for the exit of the products
of combustion, these central openings or some of them may be used for the
introduction of air, fuel or combustible material into the combustion chamber, over

page_text: in or below the fuel (which may be in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state) on the grate,
or in a closed combustion chamber without a grate.
In such cases the heat circulating around the pipes is transmitted by the annular
pipes to the fluid to be heated and as nearly as possible up to the level of such fluid
to be heated.
The central opening of the pipe for transmitting heat may be used for the direct
introduction of solid fuel for which purpose the lower end of such central opening
terminates above the grate of the combustion chamber or in the combustion
chamber, if this is closed and constructed without any grate.
In all cases the heat transmitting pipe is protected by its contents against
destruction by the direct action of the fire.
If the pipes for transmitting heat are enlarged at the lower end there will be
formed at the junction of the narrow and wide parts a horizontal or conical
shoulder, which may be used as a support for the cover of the combustion
chamber.
In this case there is no necessity for a vaulted or arched top to the furnace or
chamber and it is evident that by so constructing the top or cover the area of such
top or cover may be extended to any required size.
For this purpose also there may be employed simple pipes for transmitting
beat, in which the central pipe for admission or exit of air and fuel is dispensed
with.
At the same time the above named top or cover supported by the shoulder of
the heat transmitting pipes may form the bottom for one or several fire channels
or flues through which the gases or products of combustion coming from the
combustion chamber may pass and circulate around the higher narrow part of the
heat transmitting pipes for the purpose of the further delivery of heat. These
heat transmitting pipes, enlarged at their lower ends may, when serving as
supports for the top or cover of the furnace, be constructed of annular form in
cross section in order to be available for the introduction of air, steam gases or
solid fuel.
The heat transmitting pipes may be placed either horizontally, vertically or
inclined; they may serve in different ways as supports or as abutments for the
refractory top or cover of the furnace, they may be used to lead the air, gases or
fuel in downward, upward or sideways directions; that part of such pipes which
extends into the combustion chamber may be entirely or partly covered with
refractory material such as brick or clay.
In some instances heat transmitting pipes of annular or other cross section may
be used within other annular heat transmitting pipes, in order to direct the
combustion as far as possible from the furnace wall.
All these pipes for the transmission of heat can be provided with different
interior arrangements for circulation as above described.
It is sometimes preferable to use pipes with central openings for the double
purpose of the introduction of fuel in a solid or gaseous state and of the eduction of
the products of combustion.
The second pipe may terminate with the surrounding pipe or may extend further
on into the combustion chamber for the purpose of keeping the combustion as far
as possible from the furnace wall
The central opening of the inner pipe, may serve for the introduction of solid or
gaseous fuel or air, while the annular space between the interior and exterior
pipes or vessels serves for the eduction of the products of combustion which deliver
heat to both sides, viz, to the interior and the exterior vessel, or both openings
may be used for the introduction of air or fuel.
By the use of one or more channels formed by means of vessels or pipes
transmitting heat as above described the chemical character of the flame may be
varied very quickly.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th April 1883.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of 46 Lincolns Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT TO FLUIDS (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Bernhard Röber of Dresden in the Kingdom of
Saxony, Engineer)
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for transmitting heat to
fluids such as described in the specification of a former Patent granted to me the
fourth day of November 1880 N° 4516 for "Improvements in transmitting heat
to the contents of steam boilers and other apparatus, means or appliances therefor,
charging pipes with fluid and apparatus therefor" communicated to me by the
above named Bernard Roeber.
According to this present invention a central pipe or tube is inserted con-
centrically into the heat transmitting pipe. The annular space between the
central and outer tubes is provided with the necessary divisions, partitions,
diaphragms or channels to guide or promote the circulation of the fluids in order
to transmit the beat, and the inner tube forms a channel or passage for circulation
or escape of the products of combustion which in their passage heat the said
central pipe internally throughout its length.
Some or all of the heat transmitting pipes may be of an enlarged diameter in
that portion which is exposed to the fire, and these enlarged portions of the
pipes may be arranged to form walls, channels or passages in the combustion
chambers
By such an arrangement the products of combustion may be caused to circulate in
different flues along or around these walls or partitions formed by the enlarged
ends of the heat transmitting pipes, and finally to escape through the central tubes
within the said pipes. Instead of using the central openings of these pipes for the
exit of the products of combustion, these central openings, or some of them, may
be used for the introduction of air, fuel or combustible material into the
combustion chamber, over, in, or below the fuel (which may be in a solid, liquid, or
gaseous state) on the grate, or in a closed combustion chamber without a grate.
In such cases the heat circulating around the pipes is transmitted by the annular
pipes to the fluid to be heated, and as nearly as possible up to the level of such
fluid to be heated,
The central opening of the pipe for transmitting heat may be used for the
direct introduction of solid fuel, for which purpose the lower end of such central
opening terminates above the grate of the combustion chamber or in the
combustion chamber, if this is closed and constructed without any grate. In all
cases the heat transmitting pipe is protected by its contents against destruction by
the direct action of the fire.
If the pipes for transmitting heat are enlarged at the lower end, there will be
formed at the junction of the narrow and wide parts a horizontal or conical
shoulder, which may be used as a support for the cover of the combustion chamber.
In this case there is no necessity for a vaulted or arched top to the furnace or
chamber, and it is evident that by so constructing the top or cover, the area of
such top or cover may be extended to any required size. For this purpose also
there may be employed simple pipes for transmitting heat, in which the central
pipe for admission or exit of air and fuel is dispensed with. At the same time
the abovementioned top or cover supported by the shoulder of the heat

page_text: transmitting pipes may form the bottom for one or several fire channels or flues
through which the gases or products of combustion coming from the combustion
chamber may pass and circulate around the higher narrow part of the heat
transmitting pipes for the purpose of the further delivery of heat.
These heat transmitting pipes enlarged at their lower ends, may, when serving
as supports for the top or cover of the furnace, be constructed of annular form in
cross section in order to be available for the introduction of air, steam, gases or
solid fuel.
The heat transmitting pipes may be placed either horizontally, vertically, or
inclined; they may serve in different ways as supports or as abutments for the
refractory top or cover of the furnace; they may be used to lead the air, gases or
fuel, in downward, upward, or sideways directions; that part of such pipes which
extends into the combustion chamber may be entirely or partly covered with
refractory material such as brick or clay.
In some instances heat transmitting pipes of annular or other cross section may
be used within other annular heat transmitting pipes, in order to direct the
combustion as far as possible from the furnace wall.
The accompanying drawings illustrate various methods in which the invention
may be carried out in practice.
These
In Figs 1 to 4 inclusive several heat transmitting pipes are represented, each
having a central opening or pipe through which air, gases or solid fuel may be
introduced to the combustion chamber in the direction of the arrow 1.
central pipes for the introduction of solid or gaseous fuel or air terminate in a
combustion chamber which may or may not be provided with a grate, and, in the
latter case, in a combustion chamber entirely or partially closed.
In Figs 5 to 7 inclusive the central openings or pipes (a) are shewn terminating
in several different manners. In Fig 5 the pipe a terminates above the grate or
closed plate b, in which case the solid fuel introduced through a falls down on
to b. In Fig 6 the pipe a terminates at a point much nearer to the grate or
closed plate b, it being so close as to extend into the fuel b¹, air or gases being
distributed as shewn by the arrows c. The air or gases may be drawn into the
combustion chamber as usual, or may enter it under pressure. In Fig 7 the
central pipe a descends below the grate 6 and the gases or air ascend in the
direction of the arrows.
If the heat in the combustion chamber is so high that the return currents in the
heat transmitting pipes have a cooling effect on the heat or fire, or if the flame of
the combustion chamber is or may be such as to injure the pipe, it is desirable to
surround the parts exposed to the fire with refractory material such as brick or clay
as indicated in Figs 8, 9 and 10.
In Figs 1 to 4 the heat transmitting pipes are represented each with its part
that is exposed to the fire enlarged in diameter. The shoulder formed by this
enlargement may be horizontal as represented in Figs 1 and 4, or conical as
represented in Figs 2 and 3; or of any other suitable form. Such shoulders may
be used for supporting the cover d of the combustion chamber, and thus rendering
unnecessary the construction of a vaulted or arched top or cover for the
combustion chamber. The cover d may at the same time constitute the bottom
of the fire channels or flues, through which the products of combustion pass in the
direction of the arrows 2 and again circulate around the heat transmitting pipes.
For supporting the cover of the combustion chamber heat transmitting pipes
without central openings may be used of simple circular cross section instead of an
annular one, but with enlargements below in the fire chamber.
All these pipes for the transmission of heat can be provided with different interior
arrangements for circulation as above described.
It is sometimes preferable to use pipes with central openings for the double
purpose of the introduction of fuel in a solid or gaseous state, and of the eduction
of the products of combustion. In such cases a second pipe b for transmitting heat
may be introduced into the central opening of the heat transmitting pipe a (see

page_text: Figs 11 to 16 inclusive) which pipe b may terminate with the surrounding pipe a,
or may extend further on into the combustion chamber, for the purpose of keeping
the combustion as far as possible from the furnace wall. The central opening of
the inner pipe b may serve for the introduction of solid or gaseous fuel or air
(arrows 1) while the annular space between the interior and exterior pipes or
vessels serves for the eduction of the products of combustion (arrows 2) which
deliver heat to both sides, viz, to the interior and the exterior vessels; or both
openings may be used for the introduction of air or fuel.
With reference to the Figures above described it will be observed that in Figs 1,
3, 4, 11, 12, 13 and 15 the heat transmitting pipes or vessels are closed, the heat
being transmitted by gaseous or liquid fluids enclosed in such pipes.
In Fig 2 the heat transmitting device consists of an open pipe or vessel. The
liquid to be heated onters such pipe or vessel circulating within it by means of
special arrangements as shewn and after taking up heat, leaves the pipe or vessel,
so delivering the heat it has acquired
The differences between closed and open heat transmitting apparatus provided
with special arrangements for circulation within them have been fully explained in
the above mentioned specification N° 4516 of 1880.
In some cases it may be found advantageous to combine open and closed pipes in
one apparatus as shewn in Fig 14 of the accompanying drawings, and some
modifications of which arrangement are shewn in Figs 18, 19, 20 and 21.
In all these figures a is the open transmitting pipe or vessel, and b is the closed
transmitting pipe or vessel. The arrows 1 designate the entrance for solid, fluid
or gaseous combustibles or air and the arrows 2 designate the exit for products of
combustion. It will be seen on reference to the drawings, that the liquid or
fluid circulating within the pipes or vessels a enters therein at a lower point than
that at which it leaves, and circulates in such manner as to take up heat near the
fire in the combustion chamber and deliver such heat at a point furthest from
the walls of the boiler or other apparatus and nearest the water level in such boiler
or apparatus.
In Figs 16 and 17 open heat transmitting vessels are shewn the arrows 1
designating the entrance for fuel, and the arrows designating the way in which
the products of combustion circulate around the vessels; the other arrows indicate
the entrance of the fluid into the vessels, the circulation within them, and exit
therefrom.
By the use of one or more channels formed by means of vessels or pipes
transmitting heat as above described the chemical character of the flame may be
varied very quickly.
Having thus described the nature of the said invention and the manner in
which it is to be performed as communicated to me as aforesaid I would have it
understood that what is considered to be novel and original and is therefore
claimed as the invention secured to me by the Letters Patent hereinbefore first in
part recited is :-
I In apparatus for the transmission of heat to fluid providing for the introduction
of air, steam, gases or solid fuel through a central passage in a heat transmitting
pipe or tube, above, on to, or below the grate of a furnace or into a closed combustion
chamber, substantially as described.
2. In apparatus wherein heat is transmitted to fluid by means of heat trans-
mitting pipes or tubes of circular annular, or similar cross section with enlarged
ends situate in or above the fire, causing the shoulders formed by these enlargements
to support the crown or cover of the combustion chamber, in such a manner that
the said cover forms the bottom of a channel or flue wherein the escaping hot gases
may act upon the upper parts of the said heat transmitting pipes or tubes
substantially as described
3. The use within a heat transmitting pipe or tube of annular cross section of a
second pipe or vessel for transmitting heat, the interior pipe or vessel being of
annular or circular cross section, either for the eduction of the products of

page_text: combustion or for the introduction of fuel and air as far as may be from the furnace
walls, or for both purposes simultaneously substantially as described
-
4. In apparatus for transmitting heat to fluid the use of a pipe or tube having
a central passage for the introduction of solid or gaseous fuel or air, and a shoulder
for the purpose of supporting the crown of the fire chamber, in conjunction with a
second pipe, tube or vessel for transmitting heat within the central opening of the
first substantially as described.
5 The combination of several closed and open heat transmitting pipes or vessels
arranged in one apparatus, constructed and operating substantially as described with
reference to Figs 18 to 21 of the drawings
6. Varying the chemical character of the flame in the furnace of an apparatus
for transmitting beat to fluid by the introduction of air or fuel into the said
furnace and the eduction of the products of combustion from the said furnace by
means of channels formed by heat transmitting pipes or tubes substantially as
described.
In Witness whereof I the said William Lloyd Wise have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eleventh day of April in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.