An Improved Brazeless Joint for Attaching Tubular and Socket Members, specially adapted for Cycle purposes; a Method of making same, and certain Tools or Appliances to be used in said Making.
Year: 1898

page_text: An Improved Brazeless Joint for Attaching Tubular and Socket
Members, specially adapted for Cycle purposes; a Method of
making same, and certain Tools or Appliances to be used in
said Making.
I, WILLIAM FRASER, Engineer, residing at "Dovedale," School Road, Moseley
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this
vention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to what are well known in the art as brazeless or mechanical
joints for tubular and socketted members, and which are especially applicable for
attaching the component members of a cycle's frame.
The present invention is an amplification of that described and illustrated in
connection with prior Letters Patent granted to me and bearing date December
the 15th 1896 and numbered 28690, and it has particular reference to the form of
joint described and set forth in Fig. 9 of the specification and drawings thereof.
In the Letters Patent cited the bore of the socket part of the joint is inwardly
tapered to an enlargement at its bottom, and the walls of the tube's end fitting
thereinto are expanded over a ferrule or nipple to lie therein and be gripped, whilst
a fusing of the parts is referred to by a back and forth rotation.
According to the present invention the bore of the socket is parallel and of a
diameter slightly less than the end of the tube. The ferrule or cone is preferably
dispensed with, but it may constitute a reinforcement in the tube's end. The latter
is spun up into an enlargement as set forth in Fig 9 of the cited Letters Patent, and
the curved shoulder between the two diameters, and the extreme outer edge of the
enlargement, is, respectively, formed with radial corrugations or their equivalents
and teeth or serrations, the bottom part of the bore of the socket being also formed
with corresponding teeth or serrations to engage the said edge. The serrated edge
or end of the enlarged part of the tube is slightly turned in to form a lead into
the socket's mouth, which, as before described, is of a slightly less diameter than the
enlarged end. The object of the corrugations and serrated parts is to prevent the
parts making joint from any independent rotation. The corrugations and serrated
parts in the enlarged end of the tube can be formed by milling, or other suitable
method, and the said end spun up by well known appliances, but the method
employed must be such as to leave the said end perfectly true with the body of the
tube and hard,
An important element in making joint between the parts, which is done by forcing
the parts one into or over the other by pressure, is the fusion of the whole of the
area of the surfaces in contact, and without any rotating movement, and this is
accomplished by the use of a material such as sal-ammoniac, powdered emery or
their like, which, owing to the friction created, rips up the surfaces in contact. The

page_text: parts of the joint are dusted or coated with such material in either a wet or a dry
state. Subsequent to the parts of the joint being forced fully home, one into or
over the other, the mouth of the socket part is spun or rolled over into the
corrugations of the shoulder of the enlarged end of the tube in the manner set forth
in Fig. 9 of the cited Letters Patent. In some cases the rolling over of the mouth
of the socket will not be necessary and will therefore be dispensed with.
To meet the requirements for a cheaply produced cycle frame it is
that
necessary
the joints of the parts should be made in numbers, or simultaneously, and to
accomplish this in connection with the before described joint, and the cited Letters
Patent, is according to this invention. The frame proper of a cycle consists of that
part comprehended by the steering socket, the seat pillar, and the top and lower
front frame bar members, with their sockets and lugs, the rear portion of the
frame, or a material part of it, being subsequently mechanically attached, and there-
fore this part of this invention will be described in connection with the frame
proper and the lower branches or stays of the back forks.
In carrying this part of the invention into effect a special jig is constructed,
made in two halves for the purpose of putting the parts of the frame together and
making their joints. The two halves of the jig are, preferably, connected hingedly,
and upon their inner faces are grooves or channels, geometrically fashioned, to
receive the loose component members of the cycle frame, so that when the two
halves come together the said members are completely confined encased and
surrounded. The construction of the jig is such that the parts carrying either the
sockets or the tubes, preferably, the former, are movable, but one of which must be
stationary and held fast, and this movable part is fitted perfectly true within the
halves of the jig and is designed to be operated and forced forward either by
hydraulic or screw pressure. In joining up the component parts of the frame
proper, as before referred to, the joints between the crown lug of the steering
socket and the seat pillar and the top front frame bar, and also those of the base lug
of the steering socket and the bottom bracket with the lower front frame bar are,
preferably, first made, and then afterwards the joints between those connected-up
parts and the steering socket and seat pillar, the latter being disposed in a lineable
position which its particular sockets will take after the first operation; and so the
joint of the members of the frame proper will be made at two operations, but, if
necessary, three or four operations may be gone through whilst the component
parts are in the jig..
It is obvious that the grooves or recesses within the jig, wherein the loose parts of
the frame are laid, must, of necessity, be built up in sections, so that they can be
rendered moveable or fixed at the will of the operator of the jig, and that the
section of the loose parts of the frame may be round, elliptical, or angular.
The lower branches or stays of the back forks are now joined with their socket
parts in the bottom bracket, and this is preferably accomplished in another jig, but
it is not of necessity so, as one jig may do the whole of the joints at one setting.
In making joint of these lower branches or stays it will be necessary, in view of
their bifurcation with the bottom bracket, to support or distance them by a
removable wedge-shaped fraine or block, which will be disposed between the two
halves of the jig proper, but other than this it will be only necessary to so connect
the grooves carrying the said stays, or the groove carrying the bottom bracket,
loosely to the jig sides as to be capable of reciprocating and advancing one to the
other.
The movable parts of the jig which advance to the stationary ones may be
operated by screw or hydraulic pressure through the intervention of cams or levers,
and may in some cases have a variety of movements, but be so fitted as to enable
only one of same to be effected at a time.
Thus in building up a cycle frame according to this invention it will be only
necessary to force the one part into, or over, the other plug and socket like in
order to make a joint, and then turn over the mouth of the socket as a subsequent
precaution and also as a finish to the part.

page_text: The various parts of the jig carrying the fixed and movable members or
frame, preferably the former, are so fitted as to be able to adjust themselves to.
suit and follow any desired angle that the movable part may make in its
advancement.
1000
DI
W. P. THOMSON & Co.,
11, Burlington Chambers, New Street, Birmingham,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.
In Improved Brazeless Joint for Attaching Tubular and Socket
Members, specially adapted for Cycle purposes; a. Method. of
making same, and certain Tools or Appliances to be used in
said Making.
ふ
I, WILLIAM FRASER, of "Dovedale," School Road, Moseley, in the City of
Birmingham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to, be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
n and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to what are well known in the art as brazeless or
mechanical joints for tubular and socketted members, and which are especially
applicable for attaching the component members of a cycle's frame.
In the two accompanying sheets of explanatory drawings to be hereinafter
referred to.
Figure 1 is a plan representing the main portions of a jig or machine for the
jointing of a cycle frame in accordance with my invention.
Figure 2 is an end section on the line 1, 2, Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation on the line 3, 4, Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a plan of a tube end as formed for jointing in accordance with my
invention.
Figure 5 is a sectional view showing the tube jointed with a lug or socket.
The same reference letters in the different views indicate the same parts.
My present invention is an amplification of that described and illustrated in
connection with prior Letters Patent granted to me and bearing date December
the 15th, 1896, and numbered 28690, and it has particular reference to the form of
joint described and set forth in Figure 9 of the said specification and drawings
5 thereof.
40
In the Letters Patent cited the bore of the socket part of the joint is inwardly
tapered to an enlargement at its bottom, and the walls of the tube's end fitting
thereinto are expanded between a ferrule or cone inserted in the socket, and the
internal conical surface of the said socket.
According to the present invention the bore of the socket is parallel, and of a
employed as a
diameter slightly less than the end of the tube. The ferrule or cone herein before
referred to is dispensed with, but a somewhat similar ferrule
reinforcement in the tube's end. The latter is spun up into an enlargement or is
expanded as set forth in Figure 9 of the cited Letters Patent and as shown at
45 Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings. The curved shoulder between the two
diameters, and also the extreme outer edge of the enlargement, I sometimes form
with corrugations, teeth, serrations, or their equivalents, the bottom part of the bore o
the socket being also formed with corresponding teeth or serrations to engage the sai
edge. The serrated edge or end of the enlarged part of the tube is slightly turne
50 in to form a lead into the socket's mouth, which, as before described, is of a slightl

page_text: less diameter than the enlarged end. The object of the said serrations is to prevent
independent rotation of the jointed parts. The corrugated or serrated parts at the
enlarged end of the tube can be formed by milling or by other suitable methods,
and the said end spun up or expanded by well known appliances, but the
method employed must be such as to leave the said end perfectly true with the
body of the tube.
An important element in making joint between the parts, is the fusion or abrasion
of the whole of the area of the surfaces in contact, and this is sometimes
accomplished by the use of a material such as sal-ammoniac, powdered emery, or
the like, which, owing to the friction created, rips up the surfaces in contact. The
parts of the joint are dusted or coated with such material in either a wet or dry
state. Subsequent to the parts of the joint being forced fully home, one into or
over the other, the mouth of the socket part is spun or rolled over into the
corrugations of the shoulder of the enlarged end of the tube, in the manner set
forth in Figure 9 of the cited Letters Patent. In some cases the rolling over of
the mouth of the socket is not necessary, and is therefore dispensed with."
By my present invention I am enabled to make the joints of a cycle frame in a
very expeditious and effective manner. I employ a special jig or frame builder
having parts such as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
The jig or frame builder comprises a plate or table mounted ou suitable legs or
supports and provided with guides and chucks formed in halves and having one part
hinged to the other; the inner faces of the said guides and chucks have grooves or
recesses suitably formed to receive the component members of the cycle frame, so
that when the hinged parts are brought together the said members are effectually
retained in their proper relative positions.
Referring to the accompanying drawings the enlarged portion ef each tube end
which fits into a jointing socket has its external surface knurled or serrated,
preferably to a pattern such as shown at Figure 4, to cause it to cut corresponding
retaining grooves in the socket as it is forced therein. I preferably cut away the
teeth at the extremity of the tube leaving a plain and slightly tapered part as shown
at Figure 4, in order to give an entrance into the mouth of the socket and to permit
of the free cutting action of the teeth or serrations.
In jointing up a cycle frame with my jig or frame builder I first place the top and
bottom sockets or lugs of the steering head (such lugs being shown by dotted lines
at A and B) respectively within the chucks A and B such chucks having suitable
grooves or recesses formed in them to receive the said parts, and having hinged
tops or covers as shown, which are opened to permit of the insertion of the
lugs and afterwards closed and secured by the bolts and handle nuts a and b.
After the lugs have been thus secured one end of the steering head socket tube
(shown by the dotted lines at C) is passed up through the bottom socket lug B (the
aperture in the said lug being made sufficiently large for this purpose) and into
the lower end of the top socket lug A, the aperture in which is slightly smaller than
the diameter of. the tube end. By means of the sliding head D carrying the forcing
and closing tool d, and which is moved by the rotation of the screw E on the
operation of the handle F, both ends of the tube C are forced respectively into the
lugs A and B simultaneously.
The sliding head D and also the sliding head D¹ are each provided with a
disengaging nut (similar to that employed upon a screw cutting lathe) and thus they
can be readily put into gear with the right and left hand screw E and disengaged
therefrom as required.
After the forcing of the tube C into the lugs A and B as herein before described,
the head I¹ (which is disengaged with the screw E) is drawn up until its closing
tool d' is in contact with the top end of the tube in the lug A. A similar tool is
placed in the head D, and the two tools being brought into contact with the
respective ends of the tube C, both of the sliding heads D and D¹ are thrown into
connection with the right and left hand screw E, and on then operating the handle F,
both ends of the tube are simultaneously expanded or flanged over into the mouths

page_text: f the respective lugs, and thus the three parts (the tube and its two lugs or sockouNY
re effectually united together.
To close over the inside ends of the lugs A and B on to the tube (in a similar
hanner to the closing over of the end a¹ on to the top or connecting tube as shown
t Figure 5) I employ a double headed closing tool G consisting of a sliding bracket
aving a hinged cover, the sliding movement being imparted by means of a screw H
aving an operating handle at its outer end. On rotating the screw H in one
lirection the tool is closed on to and compresses the inner end of the lug A, and on
otating it in the opposite direction it operates in a similar manner on the inner
end of the lug B.
The parts of the steering head of the frame being thus completely jointed, the
bottom bracket J and the seat pillar lug K of the cycle frame are respectively placed
in the chucks J¹ and K¹, and on these chucks being drawn back by the operating
handles L and M respectively working the right and left hand screws L and M¹
with one end of which the chucks J' and K¹ are in detachable connection, the bottom
tube N is placed in the guides N¹ and N2, and the top tube O in the guides O¹
and 02. After bolting down the hinged covers of the said guides and also the
hinged cover of the forcing chucks J¹ and K', the said chucks are put in connection
with their screws L' and M¹ respectively and by the operation of the handles L
forced into the lugs B and A,
and M, the tubes N and O
seat lug K
whilst the bottom bracket J in the chuck J¹ and the
to the adjacent ends of the
in the chuck K¹
tubes N and O respectively. By these means I am enabled to simultaneously.
joint both ends of the tube N and also to the simultaneously joint both ends
of the tube O.
are
are
forced
also
on
The guides N', N2, and 01, 02, have their outer ends n¹ n² and o¹ o² arranged as
or fitted with tools for closing or compressing the socket mouths on to the tubes,
such as is shown with the mouth a¹ closed or compressed on to the tube O at Figure 5.
To perform this operation the chucks J¹ and K₁ are thrown out of gear with the
screws L and M' whilst the guides are put into gear respectively with the right and
left hands ends of the said screws. Thus, on then operating he handle L, the
mouths of the lug B and bottom bracket J are simultaneously closed on to the
tube N, and on operating the handle M the mouths of the lug A and the seat
lug K are simultaneously closed on to the tube O.
Finally one end of the seat pillar tube P is passed through the lug K and caused
to enter the mouth of the bottom bracket J, the forcing screw Qand its nut
bracket Q being drawn aside to permit of such insertion. The guides P¹ and P
with their hinged covers being then adjusted upon the said tube P the forcing
screw Q is brought back into line with the tube and operated by means of the
0 handle Q2 for the purpose of simultaneously forcing both ends of the tube into
the seat lug and bottom bracket respectively. The closing over or compression of the
mouths of the seat lug and bottom bracket on to the tube P is effected by putting
the sliding guides P1 and P2 into gear with the right and left hand screw R and
subsequently rotating the said screw with an operating handle. The outer end of
45 the tube P in the lug K is expanded or flanged over by a detachable tool which I
place on the stem of the screw Q.
Instead of employing a pair of sliding heads as D and D¹ as and for the purpose
herein before described I sometimes effect the forcing of the tube C into the lugs A
and B and the subsequent flanging of the outer ends by means of screws similar to
50 the screw Q employed as described, for similar purposes in connection with the
seat pillar tube, such screws being carried in fixed heads arranged in place of the
sliding heads D and D'.
Instead of employing a pair of sliding guides as N¹ N² and O¹ 02, for the tubes N
and O repectively, I sometimes employ but one guide for each tube, making both
55 ends to serve as closers in the same manner as the ends of the closing appliance G
for the steering head as herein before described; this arrangement enables us to
employ ordinary right hand instead of right and left hand screws.
.

page_text: I vary the arrangement of the chucks, the sliding guides, and other tools as
herein before described, to suit cycle frames or tubular portions of cycles such as
the handle and handle bar, the front forks and steering stem, and other tubular
parts of varying sections, shapes, or patterns as built to suit the requirements of
riders of both sexes, and I also adapt my invention to the jointing of tubular
members of other machines and appliances.
The lower branches or stays of the back forks are joined with their socket parts
in the bottom bracket, and this is preferably accomplished in another jig, but it is
not of necessity so, as one suitably arranged jig may do the whole of the joints at
one setting. In making a joint of these lower branches or stays it will be
necessary, in view of their bifurcation with the bottom bracket, to support or
distance them by a removable wedge shape frame or block, which will be disposed
between the two halves of the jig proper, but other than this it will be only
necessary to so connect the grooves carrying the said stays, or the groove
carrying the bottom bracket, loosely to the jig sides as to be capable of recipro-
cating and advancing one to the other.
The movable parts of the jig which advance to the stationary ones may be
operated by screw or hydraulic pressure through the intervention of cams or levers,
and may in some cases have a variety of movements, but be so fitted as to enable
only one of same to be operated at a time.
Thus in building up a cycle frame according to this invention it will be only
necessary to force the one part into, or over, the other plug and socket like part in
order to make a joint, and then turn over the mouth of the socket as a subsequent
precaution and also as a finish to the part.
The various parts of the jig carrying the fixed and movable members of the
cycle's frame, preferably the performer, are so fitted as to be able to adjust them-
selves to suit and follow any desired angle that the movable part may make in its
advancement. I preferably make the cycle lugs or sockets with a wall or partition
as x between the apertures as shown at. Figure 5.
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A. brazeless joint for the attachment of tubular and socket members,
comprised by a serrated tube end and a plain socket one of such parts being forced
within or upon the other and having the extremities respectively expanded and
compressed, substantially as described.
2. Jigs or machines composed in part of fixed and movable chucks and of sliding
guides arranged for the reception of cycle frame and other like parts and for
securing the same in their true relative positions during the process of permanent
jointing, substantially as described and as illustrated.
3. In jigs or machines having fixed and movable chucks and sliding. guides as
claimed in the preceding claim, the combination with the said parts of tools and
appliances for effecting the jointing of cycle frame and other tubular members with
their sockets or the like, substantially as described and as illustrated.
4. The general construction and arrangement of parts forming a jig or machine
for the brazeless jointing of the parts of cycle frames or the like, substantially as
described and as illustrated.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1o90.
MARKS & CLERK,
-18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham,
Agents for the Applicant.
and