IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR HEATING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR GENERATING STEAM OR EVAPORATING SOLUTIONS, AND MAY BE APPLIED FOR HEATING PURPOSES GENERALLY
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Alfred Jowett, of Sawley, in the County
of Derby, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR HEATING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE
FOR GENERATING STEAM OR EVAPORATING SOLUTIONS, AND MAY BE APPLIED
FOR HEATING PURPOSES GENERALLY."
Sealed the 5th August 1853, and dated the 6th April 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Alfred Jowett
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th April 1853.
I, HENRY ALFRED JOWETT, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR GENERATING STEAM OR EVAPORATING
SOLUTIONS, AND MAY BE APPLIED FOR HEATING PURPOSES GENERALLY," to be
as follows:-
In place of the ordinary fuel usually employed for heating purposes
this Invention consists in the employment of jets of hydrogen or
common carburetted hydrogen gas, combined with air, for producing

page_text: heat. The inflammable or combustible gas is supplied by means of pipes
to a series of burners or jets, arranged in any convenient manner
beneath a steam boiler, evaporating pan, or vessel to which heat is
required to be applied; and in order to assist the combustion of the
gas, a jet of atmospheric air is supplied by suitable pipes to the centre
of each gas flame, and by this means the heat evolved by the gas is so
greatly increased that a very considerable economy in heating boilers
is the result. I propose to employ the common gas generally used for
lighting purposes, as it can be more easily obtained than pure hydrogen.
If, however, the latter, or moderately pure hydrogen, can be procured
at a moderate expense, it will be found preferable, as its heating
power is greater than that of common coal gas. The essential feature
of the present Invention is, the employment of a jet of common atmo-
spheric air, in combination with hydrogen or combustible gas. The
means, or peculiar arrangement of parts, whereby this object may be
effected, will admit of considerable variation, and must, in some
measure, depend upon the particular purpose to which the improvements
are to be applied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Alfred Jowett, in the Great Seal Patent a
Office, on the 6th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
Henry Alfred Jowett, of Sawley, in the County of Derby, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Henry Alfred Jowett, Her special licence
that I, the said Henry Alfred Jowett, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such other as I, the said Henry Alfred Jowett, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,

page_text: and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR GENERATING STEAM OR EVAPORATING SOLUTIONS,
AND MAY BE APPLIED FOR HEATING PURPOSES GENERALLY," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Alfred Jowett, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Alfred Jowett, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say):
In place of the ordinary fuel usually employed for heating purposes,
this Invention consists in the employment of jets of hydrogen or
common carburetted hydrogen gas, combined with air or steam, for
promoting combustion and producing heat. The Invention is applicable
for generating steam, or evaporating solutions, and may be applied to
heating purposes generally. The inflammable or combustible gas is
supplied by means of pipes to a series of burners or jets, of peculiar
construction, and arranged in any convenient manner beneath a steam
boiler, evaporating pan, or vessel to which heat is required to be
applied; and in order to assist the combustion of the gas, a jet of
atmospheric air or steam is supplied by suitable pipes through the
burner to the centre of each gas flame; and by this means the heat
evolved by the gas is so greatly increased that a very considerable
economy in heating boilers is the result.
I propose to employ the common gas generally used for lighting
purposes, as it can be more easily obtained than pure hydrogen. If,

page_text: however, the latter, or moderately pure hydrogen, can be procured at a
moderate expense, it will be found preferable, as its heating power
is greater than that of common coal gas, the carbon of which in no
way assists or promotes, but rather prevents and diminishes the evolu-
tion of heat.
The essential feature of the present Invention is the employment of a
jet of common atmospheric air or steam, in combination with a flame
produced by the combustion of hydrogen or inflammable gas. The
means or peculiar arrangement of parts whereby this object may be
effected will admit of considerable variation, and must, in some
measure, depend upon the particular purpose to which the improve-
ments are to be applied.
In order, however, that my Invention, and its application to various
purposes may be clearly understood, I have shewn in the accompanying
drawing three different modes of applying the same to different purposes.
The accompanying drawing represents the Invention as applied to a
cylindrical boiler for generating steam, in which Fig. 1, is an end view
of a boiler of this construction, with my improvements applied thereto;
and Fig. 2, is a longitudinal sectional plan view of the same, taken
horizontally in the line A, B, of Fig. 1. a, a, is the boiler, or that part
which contains the water to be heated or evaporated. b, b, Fig. 1,
represents the end plate or chest of the heating apparatus, which consists
principally of a number of tubes c, c, provided with burners d, d, and
communicating at one end with the chamber or chest b, b, the opposite
end of the tubes being fixed in an end plate c, Fig. 2, for the purpose
of supporting the same. This part of the apparatus is shewn detached
and drawn to an enlarged scale in Figures 3, 4, and 5. Fig. 3, is a
longitudinal vertical section of a portion of one of the tubes c, shewing
the method of adapting the burners d, thereto, and also the way in which
the tubes are secured in the chamber or chest b. This chamber or
chest is divided into two compartments b and b, by means of the central
vertical partition f, the two sides of the chamber b, being secured thereto
by bolts passing through the flanges thereof, as shown in Fig. 3. The
tubes c, are screwed into the compartment b, as shewn, and are secured
'by nuts. Inside the tube c, is another tube g, which is screwed into the

page_text: vertical plate or partition at one end, and secured therein by nuts, as
shewn in Fig. 3, and Fig. 4, which latter is a view of part of the plate f,
looking to the right, with the compartment b', removed; at the opposite
end the tube g, is screwed into or otherwise secured to the end plate e.
I would here observe, that the compartment b, is supplied with hydrogen
or carburetted hydrogen gas, by means of a suitable pipe, as shewn in
the end view, Fig. 1,; and the compartment 6', is provided with a supply
of atmospheric air or steam, in a similar manner, by the pipe i. The
peculiar construction of the burners will be clearly understood by
referring to the sectional view, Fig. 3, and to Fig. 5, which is a plan
view of one of the burners detached, both of these burners being drawn
to the natural size. The central burners, it will be seen, pass through a
hole in the tube c, and are screwed into the inner tube g; but a shoulder
j, j, is made to rest and fit against the upper part of the tube c, which at
this point is filed, planed, or otherwise made flat, for the purpose of
making a close and secure joint. It will now be seen that the hydrogen
gas will pass from the compartment b, along the tube c, and issue from
the burner through the large circle of holes shewn in the plan view,
Fig. 5; and that a requisite supply of atmospheric air or steam will be
conveyed from the compartment b', along the tube g, to the centre of the
burner, up the short central tube k, and out of the holes at the top
thereof, where it will mingle with the burning gas, and assist the com-
bustion thereof, and thereby greatly increase the heat that would be
evolved or given out from the flame.
Fig. 6, represents a means of applying the Invention to heating
retorts for making gas, manufacturing zinc, or distilling volatile products.
The burner in this instance is constructed upon precisely the same
principle, although somewhat different in form. a, a, is the retort, which
is provided with a door for feeding the same, and is mounted in brick-
work in the ordinary manner, a flue 1, being provided in order to allow
the flame of the gas to play round the retort. The products of com-
bustion are carried off by the chimney m, which will also cause a
sufficient draught through the apparatus to support the combustion of
the gas. Round the retort b, b, is a long box or case, extending beneath

page_text: the retort from end to end, and is supplied with gas by the pipe c, as
before. A jet or jets of steam or air is or are supplied to the centre
of the burner by the pipe 9, as in the former instance; and the gas being
ignited, and the proper quantity of steam or air supplied to the burner,
the flame will envelope the retort, as shewn in the drawing, and quickly
heat the contents thereof.
Fig. 7, is a plan view, and Fig. 8, a transverse vertical section
of a forge constructed and heated according to my improvements.
The forge consists of a rectangular or other suitably shaped box,
which is divided into two compartments 6 and 6', by a horizontal
partition plate f. Any convenient number of burners c, c, c, constructed
upon the principle already described, and shewn in Figures 3, 4, and 5,
arc arranged together in holes made in the top plate of the forge, the
central tubes k, of the burners being screwed into the partition plate f¹,
of the apparatus, so that they may communicate with the lower com-
partment. The upper compartment b, of the rectangular box is supplied
with gas by the pipe l, and the lower compartment 6', is supplied with
air or steam by the pipe i. Both gas and air, or steam, may, if thought
desirable, be supplied to the burners under pressure; and the quantity
consumed, and the amount of heat given off, may be regulated at
pleasure by means of cocks or valves, as will be well understood by any
intelligent mechanic.
If preferred, an arrangement of apparatus similar to that just
described may be adapted to steam boilers for generating steam, or to
vessels for evaporating solutions, in place of the tubular arrangement
before shewn; the principle, however, in both cases is precisely the same.
Having now described my improvements in apparatus for heating,
and the best means with which I am at present acquainted for carrying
the same into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not
mean or intend to confine myself rigidly to the precise arrangement of
parts herein shewn and described, as they may doubtless be varied
without departing from the nature and object of the Invention; but tha
which I consider to be new in the above improvements, and therefore wish
to claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid

page_text: is, the use or employment for heating purposes, as above described, of
jets of inflammable gas in combination with jets of atmospheric air or
steam, which, being applied to the flame while the gas is burning,
materially assists the combustion thereof, and the generation of heat.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Alfred Jowett, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
HENRY ALFRED JOWETT. (L.S.)
Witness, J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane,
London.