Improvements in the Manufacture of German Yeast.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 21st Jan., 1890-Accepted. 22nd Feh 1800
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of German Yeast.
I, CHRISTEN REES BONNE, of 41 Eastcheap, in the City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to Improvements in the manufacture of German yeast, by
which designation I describe yeast produced from unhopped worts, and which is
generally white or nearly white in colour and mostly used for baking purposes.
According to my invention I take a quantity of such spent cereals or the husks or
the like of cereals the analysis of which show proportionally high contents of
albumenoids such as for instance a starch manufacturer's refuse (vegetable gluten) a
distiller's spent wash, a brewer's draff, a maltster's coombs or a miller's bran."
I put the material selected into a high pressure converter with a suitable quantity
of water, allowing it to remain for several hours at a temperature of about 300° F.
For the purpose of preventing the matter colouring brown, (caramelizing) I add a
small quantity of tartaric or other acid.
In due course I decant the liquor produced which contains a large proportion of
dissolved albumens and add it to an ordinary saccharine wort, which I produce in any
well known manner of mashing or conversion. The two worts are fermented together
also in any well known manner the yeast being recovered as usual and the fermented
wort distilled or otherwise utilized in the ordinary way.
London, April 25th 1889
DUNNI.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of German Yeast.
I, CHRISTEN REES BONNE of 41 Eastcheap in the City of London, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
In the manufacture of yeast, for which cereals, malted or otherwise, such as barley,
rye, wheat, maize etcetera are nearly always used, it is a matter of great importance
that the worts extracted from such cereals and having to undergo fermentation contain
a proportionally large quantity of dissolved albuminous matter as that forms one of
the principal feeding constituents of the yeast plant.
When mashing such cereals as above mentioned for the purposes of yeast manu-
factory, the primary object is to convert the starch contained in them into a fermentable
sugar, to bring about which, certain temperatures must necessarily be maintained, and
it so happens that these temperatures are not those which are most favorable to the
solution of the crude albumens contained in the cereals, with the result that the spent
grains, often termed draff, still contain a certain proportion of non-dissolved albumen,
which consequently is lost in regard to the manufacture of yeast, it being usually
utilized as cattle-food.
My invention now has for its object to submit such spent grains or draff to a
further treatment for the purpose of converting into a soluble state and extracting
he albumen contained in such grains, and to utilize such extract in the manufacture
of yeast. I hereby attain two desirable ends, for firstly I enrichen my worts in
Ibumen and secondly I utilize draff or the albumen it contains in a more profitable.
vay than is usual.
According to my invention I take a suitable quantity of draff, mix it with water,
wash it well out, if necessary, for the purpose of removing as for ac

page_text: sugar it may contain, since that would have the effect of discolouring the wort to be
extracted by the process to be now explained.
The washed grains are put, together with sufficient water for producing a suitable
consistency, for instance like gruel, into a so-called high pressure converter. Such
apparatuses are well known and are intended to treat material at temperatures above
boiling heat, such as can only be obtained under pressure. In such a vessel the
material is left for from 3-4 hours at a temperature of about 300° Fahrenheit,
corresponding to a pressure of about 4 atmospheres, or 60 lbs. to the square inch.
Although I consider the said temperature and duration to be generally in practise
the most convenient for my purpose, I find that sometimes it may be of advantage to
vary the heat and duration.
At the expiration of this time the. albumen will have, to a great extent, become
dissolved in the liquor, which may now be separated from the solids by any well
known means such as filtration or the entire mixture may be added to a following
days mash.
In order to prevent the caramelization of sugar, in case I should not have succeeded
in washing the draff entirely free from it, I sometimes add to the mixture in the high
pressure converter a small proportion of tartaric acid or other acid such as hydro-
chloric acid or the like.
As the draff from breweries, distilleries and other factories where cereals are
mashed or similarly treated, practically contains the same constituents as the draff
from a yeast-factory, it follows that I can also utilize such draff for the purpose of
obtaining an extract to enrichen my worts for the manufacture of yeast.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. In the manufacture of yeast, the method of submitting the spent grains or draff
to an after treatment in high pressure converters substantially in the manner as and
for the purpose described.
2. The utilization, in the manufacture of yeast, of spent grains from breweries,
distilleries and the like, by submitting them to the treatment as per first claim.
London, 21st January 1890.
CHRISTEN REES BONNE.