IMPROVEMENTS OTHER PRESSES, PARTS OF WHICH IN AND APPLICABLE TO HYDRAULIC AND OR WITH OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF IMPROVEMENTS MACHINERY." MAY BE EMPLOY
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thomas Watts, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Metal Dealer, and Daniel Joseph Fleetwood,
of the same Place, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
OTHER PRESSES, PARTS OF WHICH
IN AND APPLICABLE TO HYDRAULIC AND
OR WITH OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF
IMPROVEMENTS
MACHINERY."
MAY BE
EMPLOYED
FOR
Sealed the 16th March 1869, and dated the 24th September 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thomas Watis
and Daniel Joseph Fleetwood at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th September 1868.
We, WILLIAM THOMAS WATTS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Metal Dealer, and DANIEL JOSEPH FLEETWOOD, of the same
Place, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENT IN AND APPLICABLE TO HYDRAULIC AND OTHER PRESSES, PARTS

page_text: OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE EMPLOYED FOR OR WITH OTHER DESCRIPTIONS
OF MACHINERY," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention refers to certain improvements upon a former Inven-
tion described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us under
the date of August 28th, 1867.
This Specification describes hydraulic and other presses in which a
pulsative and intermittent action of forcer and pressure plate is obtained
partly by hydraulic partly by mechanical means, and as for various
descriptions of work in which the pulsative and intermittent recipro-
cating action of forcer and pressure plate is valuable it is desirable to
obtain a high speed, we propose by our present improvements to employ
a forcer and pressure plate both actuated by mechanical means. This
may be done in the following manner:-Upon a main shaft are fixed
cams governing the forcer and likewise the pressure plate; the action of
these cams is reciprocating, and by a ratchet motion or other suitable
mechanism the forcer may be caused to advance any desired distance at
each revolution of the cam shaft, whilst by the alternating force of the
pressure plate cams an intermittent and pulsative action is given to the
pressure plate, or we can obtain the same result by interposing hydraulic
cylinders between the forcer and pressure plate cams and the die or
mould, thus enabling us to regulate by means of suitable valves the
pressure generated by the action of the cams. The hydraulic cylinders
introduced between the forcer cam and the die or mould may also be
applied to presses without pressure plates, as, for example, such as are
employed for producing flat forms, or such forms as spoons and forks.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Thomas Watts and Daniel Joseph Fleet-
wood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd March 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we. WILLIAM
THOMAS WATTS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Metal
Dealer, and DANIEL JOSEPH FLEETWOOD, of the same Place, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria. by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of September, in

page_text: the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight in
the thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said William Thomas Watts
and Daniel Joseph Fleetwood, Her special license that we, the said
William Thomas Watts and Daniel Joseph Fleetwood, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William
Thomas Watts and Daniel Joseph Fleetwood, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPLICABLE TO HYDRAULIC AND OTHER PRESSES, PART3 OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
MAY BE EMPLOYED FOR OR WITH OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF MACHINERY," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Thomas Watts and
Daniel Joseph Fleetwood, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Thomas Watts and aniel
Joseph Fleetwood, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
This Invention refers to certain improvements upon a former Inven-
tion described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us under the
date of August Twenty-eighth, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
seven.
This Specification describes hydraulic and other presses in which a
pulsative and intermittent action of a forcer and pressure plate is
obtained partly by hydraulic and partly by mechanical means, and as
for various descriptions of work in which the pulsative and intermittent
reciprocating action of forcer and pressure plate is valuable it is
desirable to obtain a high speed, we propose by our present improve-

page_text: ments to employ a forcer and pressure plate both actuated by mechanical
means. This may be done in the following manner;-Upon a main
shaft are fixed cams governing the forcer and likewise the pressure plate;
the action of these cams is reciprocating, and by a ratchet motion or
other suitable mechanism the forcer may be caused to advance any
desired distance at each revolution of the cam shaft, whilst by the
alternating force of the pressure plate cams an intermittent and pulsa-
tive action is given to the pressure plate; or we can obtain the same
result by interposing hydraulic cylinders between the forcer and pressure
plate cams, or either of them, and the die or mould, thus enabling us to
regulate by means of suitable valves the pressure generated by the
action of the cams. The hydraulic cylinders introduced between the
forcer cam and the die or mould may also be applied to presses without
pressure plates, as, for example, such as are employed for producing flat
forms, or such forms as spoons and forks.
In order that the nature and object of our Invention may be more
fully comprehended we will now proceed to describe the same by aid of
the Drawings hereunto attached, and the letters and figures marked
thereupon.
Referring to Sheet 1, Figure 1 represents in part front elevation and
vertical section a compound press actuated partly by hydraulic and
partly by mechanical means; Figure 2 being a transverse vertical
section of the same.
(a) is the head of the press; (b), the main shaft; (c, c,) are cams or
eccentrics formed upon the main shaft (b), and actuated by a band on
the fast and loose pullies (a); (f) is a fly wheel; (g) are the columns
or supports of the press connecting the head of the press (a) with the
bed (h), in which is fitted the lower die (2) capable of removal in and
out on the carriage (j); (k) is the plunger or forcer working into the
lower die (i); (l, 1,) are pressure plates connected together; the lower
plate (¹) is capable of being exchanged for others of varying sizes or
patterns; (m, m,) are the pressure plate forcers or beaters actuated by
the cams or eccentrics (c, c,) and regulated by the wedges (m³, m¹);
(n) is a hydraulic cylinder introduced between the pressure plate forcers
or beaters (m), and containing a ram (n¹) protected by suitable pack-
ings, and having always its annular space (o) open to a weighted or air
accumulator without pumps attached to the rear of the press, but not

page_text: shewn in the Drawings; (p) is the space between the head of the
cylinder (n) and the ram (n') for the admission of the high-pressure
water from the pump (9); (q') is the sweep rod attached to the plunger
(g) and to the end of the shaft (b) at (93), actuated by the same shaft (b)
which gives motion to the pressure plate forcers or beaters (m, m), so
that the pump is not a separate machine, but is connected to and works
in combination with the press; this is one of the peculiar features of our
Invention; (r) is a valve for governing the admission of water to the
cylinder (n) and its discharge therefrom.
Figure 3 shews in vertical transverse section a portion of the head (a)
of a press similar to that described in Figures 1 and 2, but actuated
wholly by mechanical means on the same shaft (b) between the cams or
eccentrics (c, c,) Figure 1. We form a third cam or eccentric (c¹),
Figure 3, shewn in dotted lines; upon this cam (c¹) we secure a guide
rod (s), to which are attached by pins (t) the ratchet catches or pawls
(t) gearing into the teeth of the ratchet slides (u); these ratchet
slides (u) are connected at their lower ends for the purpose of holding
the plunger or forcer (k), Figure 1; (v) are springs for the purpose of
retaining the pawls (t¹) in the teeth of the ratchet slides (u). Upon
the ratchet slides (u) are shewn at (¹) sets of teeth, the purpose of
which will be herein-after described. The press, as shewn, would be
actuated by a band working upon the pullies (d), but we can give a
direct action to the press by fixing to the bed (h) a steam cylinder, the
connecting rod of which we attach to the end of the shaft (b), and so
make the whole machine complete and self contained; this is another
peculiar feature of our Invention.
The action of the press is as follows:-At each revolution of the
driving shaft (b) the pump plunger (92) forces water into the hydraulic
cylinder (n), Figure 1, thereby causing the ram (n¹) to descend a short
distance, such distance being regulated by the quantity of water forced
into the space (p), Figure 1. During the same revolution of the shaft (b),
whilst the pump plunger (92) is being withdrawn from the pump (q),
the cams (c, c,) are forcing the pressure plate forcers or beaters (m, m,)
upon the pressure plate (l) to flatten out the puckers caused by the
descent of the plunger or forcer k upon the blank of metal under
operation; this alternating, intermittent, and pulsative action of the
forcer and pressure plate is continued until the article under operation

page_text: has been dished, sunk, or taken down to the required depth, when by
opening the valve (r) the water which had been pumped into the
cylinder (n) is forced back to the tank of the pump (q) by means of the
air or weighted accumulator, the connection of which with the annular
space (o) has been kept open during the process, and the pressure from
which acting upon the annular space (n²) of the ram (n¹) withdraws at
the same time the plunger or forcer (k) from the lower die (i), when the
article may be removed by the following means:-The pressure plate (1)
is so formed upon its upper surface as to present for each half of its
circumference inclined planes, upon which the pressure plate forcers or
beaters (m, m,) work, their under surfaces being suitably fitted to such
inclined planes; the upper surface of the pressure plate (1) so formed
is shewn in section on plan, Figure 4, in which (m) are the pressure
plate forcers or beaters (k), the plunger or forcer (w, w,) indicating the
deepest parts of the two inclined planes. In recesses in the bed (h) of
the press are fixed suitable springs (a) fitted with friction rollers (¹),
which springs cause the pressure plate (1, ',) to follow the upward action
of the pressure plate forcers or beaters (m, m). Upon completion of
the operation the pressure plate (l, 1,) is turned round a portion of its
circumference by means of leverage inserted at (y), by which means the
beaters (m, m,) are brought to the lowest portions of the inclines at
(w, w), Figure 4; the action of the springs (x) having at the same time
raised the pressure plate (1, 1) from the surface of the lower die and
article under operation, the lower die (2) may then be withdrawn and a
fresh blank introduced, and the pressure plate being brought back into
its normal position the operation may be repeated.
Referring to Figure 3, we will describe the action of the mechanical
arrangements there shewn. At each revolution of the shaft (b) the
cam (c) brings down the guide rod (s), and by means of the pawls (t¹)
the downward motion of the guide rod (s) brings with it the ratchet
slides (u); upon the upward motion of the guide rod (s) the pawls (t¹)
gear into other teeth of the ratchet slides (u), and so an intermittent
descent of the ratchet slides (u) is ensured. It will be seen that the
cam or eccentric (c¹) being formed upon the shaft (b) reversely to the
cams or eccentrics (c, c,) the cam (c¹) withdraws the guide rod (s) at
the same time that the cams (c, c,) are forcing down the pressure plate
forcers or beaters (m, m,) and so ensures the alternating, intermittent, and

page_text: pulsative action of the forcer and pressure plate. Upon the completion
of the operation the plunger or forcer (k) is withdrawn by the follow-
ing means-To the slides (u) is attached a counterpoise, not shewn,
the effect of which during the process is counteracted by means of pawls
gearing into the teeth (¹) upon the slides (u), and so preventing the
counterpoise from pulling back the slides (u) during the ascent of the
guide rod (s). At the completion the pawls are simultaneously dis-
engaged, permitting the counterpoise to withdraw the slides (u). In
some cases it is desirable to give a variable stroke to the ram (n'); we
effect this in the following manner;-Instead of having the sweep rod (q¹)
attached direct to the pump plunger (92), as shewn in Figure 1, we
attach the sweep rod (q¹) to a sliding block in a slot link, the traverse
of which block may be governed by a self-acting worm and wheel; this
arrangement is another peculiar feature in connection with our Invention.
In Figure 1, Sheet 1, we have shewn a hydraulic arrangement with
pump for actuating the plunger or forcer (k), but we sometimes inter-
pose between the pressure plate forcers or beaters (m, m,) a hydraulic
cylinder attached at its upper end to a cam or eccentric formed upon
the shaft (b) between the cams (c, c), and such cam being of the form
we have already illustrated and described at (c¹), Figure 3. This
hydraulic cylinder moving up and down at each revolution of the
shaft (b) draws in its own supply of water packing in manner to be
herein-after described in connection with Figure 6, Sheet 2.
We have described the pressure plate (1, ',) as being acted upon by
mechanical means, but it will be evident to skilled operators that by
interposing between the cams (c, c,) and the pressure plate (1, 1)
hydraulic cylinders and rams similar to those already specified, the
hydraulic rams become the pressure plate forcers or beaters in lieu of
the pressure plate forcers or beaters (m, m).
purpose of producing
plate, such as flat or
Figure 5, Sheet 2, illustrates a press for the
articles not requiring the action of a pressure
shallow forms. Upon a main shaft (1) is formed a cam or eccentric (2),
which actuates the forcer (3); (4) is the hydraulic cylinder, in this
instance placed beneath the lower die (5), which is secured upon the
bed (7) on the ram (8).
The action of a press thus constructed is as follows:-The shaft (1)
is caused to revolve rapidly by means of a band upon the fast and loose

page_text: pullies (9), or by the more direct means described in connection with
Figure 1, the momentum being maintained by the fly wheel (10). The
blank for operation is placed in or upon the lower die (5), and the
ram (8) is caused to ascend by means of water from the accumulator,
not shewn, through the induction pipe (11) and check valve (12), the
valve (13) being closed. When the blank under operation receives
pressure by the impact of the upper die (6), the water packing contained
in the hydraulic cylinder (4) is prevented from returning to the accu-
mulator by the action of the check valve (12), and when the upper
die (6) is drawn upwards by the revolution of the shaft (1) the water
under pressure in the accumulator will again raise the check valve (12),
and increase the volume of water in the cylinder (4). The pressure
meanwhile generated in the cylinder (4) is prevented from becoming
injuriously high by means of a weighted or other safety valve, which
may be placed at (13). At the completion of the operation this safety
valve (13) is opened to permit the return of the water from the
cylinder (4) through the eduction pipe (14) to the accumulator. The
return of the water is effected by means of a counterpoise attached to
the bed (7), but not illustrated.
Figure 6 represents our improvements as applicable to a draw
bench. (15) is a main driving shaft, upon which is formed a cam or
eccentric (15) working in a chamber forming part of the hydraulic
cylinder (16); (17) is the piston and ram; (18) is the gland; and
(19), (19), are the valves and pipes working in a water cistern. The
motion being given by the shaft (15), the action of the press is governed
by two valves, having their inlet pipes at (20, 20º). When the valve (20)
and the valve (20°) closed, the cylinder (16) at each revolution of
the shaft (15) draws in water through the check valve (19"), the ram
(17) being prevented from returning by the resistance of the article
under operation, or when necessary by special mechanical means; under
these circumstances the bench is drawing. When the valve (20) is closed
and the valve (20°) open the reverse action takes place, the bench there-
fore is pushing.
is
open
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be carried into effect, we claim, without
limiting ourselves to the precise details herein shewn, the several
improvements in and applicable to hydraulic and other presses, parts of

page_text: which improvements may be employed for or with other descriptions of
machinery, substantially as herein more fully set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Thomas Watts and Daniel
Joseph Fleetwood, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine.
WILLIAM THOMAS WATTS.
(L.S.)
DANIEL JOSEPH FLEETWOOD. (L.S.)