Improvements in the Manufacture of Articles of Glass.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 21st May, 1896-Accepted, 27th June. 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Articles of Glass.
I, FRANZ Korr of Janstein, Moravia Glass Goods Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The subject of the present invention is a pressing mould by means of which a
large number of glass articles can be pressed simultaneously.
The arrangement hitherto in use for pressing glass goods consisted of a pair of
tongs into which the actual mould, made of brass, is fitted.
Hence in order to mould by means of this appliance, say, for instance, a glass
stopper, the operator had to proceed as follows:
The tongs are opened and a suitable quantity of hot liquid glass is put into the
lower part of the mould, whereupon the tongs are firmly closed so as to make the
glass fill up the whole cavity of the mould. The superfluous glass in this process
is squeezed out at the sides of the mould and must subsequently be chipped off and
ground smooth. This process is the oldest, and is known in this country as that of
squeezing the glass. Apart from the slowness of this proceeding it is by no means
practical, apart from other reasons, because the article thus produced invariably
turns out from the mould in an imperfect condition, owing to the seam due to the
overflowing glass, and always requires subsequent finishing in order to give the
requisite shape to the glass-stopper, nor is it possible to produce in one operation a
large number of similar articles, except in the case of small articles, such as
buttons, chandelier drops, and the like, of which under favourable circumstances,
perhaps four or five might be pressed at once in this way, all being however
affected with the above mentioned defect of seams, and hence require finishing in
the manner described.
A second known process, equally imperfect, consists in introducing into the
upper cup-like aperture or cavity of a closed mould, consisting of two halves joined
by hinges, a suitable quantity of liquid glass, which by means of a piston is pressed
down into the cavity, the excess of glass escaping at the sides of the piston, the
mould is then opened and the article in question is taken out and subjected to
further finishing. Instead of a piston, the glass-blower pipe is often used direct
by taking up at the head of it a suitable quantity of glass, and pressing it with the
pipe, in the same way as with the piston, into the mould, and after taking the
article out of the mould at once cutting it off with the shears. This process is
almost exclusively used for the production of bottle-stoppers only and is a very
slow proceeding because one stopper (or other article) only can be produced at a
time. Moreover, both of the processes described are subject to the disadvantage
that articles having sharp corners, ornamentations, and the like, are not always
pressed with sufficiently sharply-defined edges, as simple pressure with the hand is
not sufficient for this purpose.
The conditions are altogether different when operating with my new revolver
pressing mould. This mould can only be worked with the aid of the known
o-called "American spring pressing machine" or lever press, or other known
resses, and from this circumstance alone the reader may guess, that the effect of
is system is very different to that produced by those described above and
therto in use, because in this case it is not only mere hand-power but a mechanical
wer that must be used for this purpose.
The process in itself is exceedingly simple. The mould, consisting of an upper part

page_text: and a lower part, is fitted into the press and the stamp, or piston, is raised; into
the vacant space thus produced the requisite quantity of hot fluid glass is introduced
and the core or stamp is depressed again. The mould, as in the case of those for
other pressed goods, is constructed so that the glass cannot escape either downward
or upward and hence is compelled to take its way into the spaces intended for its
reception, and which, owing to the powerful pressure exerted by the press, it will
completely fill up, any existing ornaments, figures or letters being brought out in
sharp and perfectly well-defined outlines.
If now the superfluous glass is to be looked upon or treated as waste or dead-head,
the lower portiou of the mould is lowered, the core is raised, and by means of an
arrangement fitted in this event to the mould, the waste or dead-head is separated
from the article; the mould is then opened and the articles are turned out of it.
If, however, the excess of glass per se is shaped so as to form some article (such
as a cup, tumbler or the like), all that is needed is to raise the core, to open the
mould, (upper part), and to turn out the whole of the pressed articles, chipping off
the stopper from the cup or the like, and using each separately.
Of course the larger the number of the cavities the larger must be the core, and
vice-versa.
As will be seen an unlimited number of articles can be produced in this
process with one single pressure. If, above the cavities, a second or more tiers or
rows of such cavities, are arranged, any number of glass articles, as already stated,
may be produced in one single operation.
The mould itself admits of several constructions, so as to open with hinges or
otherwise; moreover the articles pressed (or cavities for same) may be differently
placed and the mould itself may either be provided with a cutting-off or separating
arrangement or not, as preferred, without in any way affecting the essence of the
invention.
Dated this 31st day of December 1895.
J. E. EVANS-JACKSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Articles of Glass.
I, FRANZ KOPP, of Janstein, Moravia Glass Goods Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The present invention concerns arrangements for the production of solid or
hollow moulded glass by means of which, with the aid of suitable appliances, a
large number of glass articles can be moulded in one single operation and turned
out in faultless, well-defined shape.
Although attempts have formerly been made to produce glass articles in
numbers, in the manner indicated above, the results were not satisfactory owing to
the unsuitable construction of the appliances used and hence, in most cases, these
attempts never got beyond the experimental stage.
Owing to the peculiar nature of glass, its viscidity when in the liquid state, and
its ready congelation, one should take care, in constructing the apparatus, to reduce
to a minimum, any contact between the ginss and any iron or other metal of which
the mould may be made, and to ensure that the glass may have to travel over as
short a distance as possible.
The new arrangements invented by me will ensure the fulfilment of all the
aforesaid conditions, and I have hitherto produced faultless articles only, in
wholesale quantities, with these arrangements.
I may mention that these hollow glass articles may also be cut at their bottomn

page_text: surface, so that, for instance, a glass with stem, of any desired pattern or shape,
may be produced with my apparatus.
In the annexed drawings
Figs. 1 and 2 show a mould in longitudinal section and plan, by means of which
solid glass articles, with cut bottom, or hollow-glass articles without cut bottom,
can be produced.
Figs. 3 and 4 show a mould, in longitudinal section and plan, by means of which
hollow glass articles can be produced with cut bottom.
Figs. 7 and 8 show a modified arrangement of the mould shown in Figs. 3
and 4.
Figs. 5, 6, 9 and 10 show hollow glass goods as produced by means of these
appliances.
In Figs. 1 to 10 identical letters indicate analogous parts.
The old fashioned customary arrangement, by means of which glass articles were
hitherto moulded, consists of a pair of tongs into which the actual mould of brass
is inserted.
Hence in order to produce, by means of this appliance, say, for instance, a glass
stopper, the following proceeding must be adopted.
The tongs are opened and a suitable quantity of hot liquid glass is introduced
into the lower part of the mould, whereupon the tongs are firmly closed so that the
glass is made to fill the entire cavity of the mould. Any excess of glass will be
squeezed out at the sides of the mould, and must subsequently be chipped and
ground off. This is the oldest process of hand-moulding. Apart from the slowness
of the proceeding it is very unpractical owing to the fact that the article thus
produced, on account of the overflowing excess of glass, and the so-called fash
caused thereby, will always turn out from the mould in an imperfect state, and
the glass-stopper, for instance, will always have to be subsequently finished in
order that it may assume the desired shape, nor is it possible to produce, in one
operation, any large number of the same kind of article, excepting very small
articles, such as buttons, chandelier drops, and the like, in which case, at the very
best, four or five might be moulded at once, which, however, will all be affected with
the above mentioned fault of having fashes and will have to be subjected to the
finishing operations already described.
A second old-fashioned, and equally imperfect process is that of introducing a
suitable quantity of liquid glass into the upper, cup-like cavity of a mould
consisting of two halves connected by hinges, the liquid glass being forced into the
cavity by the pressure of a piston, the superfluous glass escaping along the sides
of the piston. The mould is then opened and the article thus produced is then
taken out and subjected to further elaboration. In place of a piston the glass-
blowing iron itself is frequently used, a suitable quantity of glass being taken up
on its head and pressed into the cavity, in the same way as would be done with
the piston, and the article when taken out of the mould is then cut off directly
with the shears.
This arrangement is used, almost exclusively, for the production of bottle
stoppers only, and the process is a most tedious one, because one single stopper (or
other article) only can be produced at one time. Both processes just referred to
are moreover subject to the drawback that any corners or edges, ornamentations,
and the like, on the articles are not sufficiently well and neatly defined in the
moulding process, as simple pressure by hand is not sufficiently powerful for this
purpose.
The improved arrangements by means of which a production of glass articles,
in numbers at a time, has been attempted, cousists in moulds which are simply
placed side by side, and connected, by apertures, with the bottom of a cylindrical
or prismatic vessel into which liquid glass is introduced, which is then forced into
the moulds by a stamp or piston of comparatively large dimensions.
These arrangements are subject to several disadvantages as compared with mine.
In their case, the moulds being arranged side by side, the liquid glass must be

page_text: distributed over a comparatively large surface whereby it is more strongly cooled
and becomes more viscid, than in my process, and consequently the moulds will not
be so accurately filled and the articles will not be turned out with such sharply-
defined outlines. This system, moreover, has the serious disadvantage that much
waste or fash is produced, whereby the cost of the articles is much enhanced,
seeing that large quantities of glass are wasted. At the same time an arrangement
of several rows or tiers of moulds above each other is impossible in this instance,
and the operation, with these already known arrangements, is much more difficult
and cumbersome, whereby again much fracture or damage arises, as the articles, as
soon as ready, must be removed from the mould as quickly as possible lest they
should crack.
Moreover, hollow glass goods with cut bottom cannot be produced with these
appliances, or at least not without much labour and difficulty.
In my arrangements, on the other hand, the above-mentioned disadvantages arc
avoided, and the operation is rendered a most simple one.
As will be seen from Figs. 1 and 2. the mould, in my arrangement, for making
plain solid glass articles, or hollow glass articles without cut bottom, consists of
two halves a. and b. in which the half-cavities are radially arranged. These
cavities communicate by small channels with the chamber from which the liquid
glass is forced into the moulds by the stamp or piston e. In order that the two halves
of the mould may be forced upon each other in accurate position, one of them is
provided with pins or studs, which fit into corresponding holes c in the other half.
In the case of hollow cast articles the moulds are fitted with suitable cores, for
instance in Fig. 1. core d, being either made in one piece with the half-mould, or
fixed to it.
In order to produce glass goods, the mould is inserted in the press and the stamp
or piston e is raised; into the vacant space thus laid open the requisite quantity of
liquid hot glass is introduced, and the stampe is then depressed again as in the case
of moulds for pressed or moulded goods of other material; the mould is con-
structed so that the glass cannot escape either upwards or downwards but is forced
to take its way into the spaces f' destined for its reception, and which, owing to
the powerful pressure of the press, will be completely filled by it, so that any
existing ornaments, figures or letters, appear in bold and perfectly well-designed
outline.
If the feed-head itself forms some article, (such as a cup or little tumbler or
the like) the stamp e is simply raised and the mould (upper part b) is opened,
whereupon the whole of the articles made are turned out, the cups or the like are
detached from the other articles and each is used separately.
If, however, the excess of glass g is treated as waste, the stamp e is raised and
the waste piece g is detached from the article by means of an arrangement
which may be provided in the mould; the mould is then opened and the articles f
are turned out.
The mould shown in Figs. 3 and 4 serves for producing hollow glass goods with
cut bottom, such as glasses with stem, and the like, and (like the one shown in
Figs. 1 and 2) consists of two halves a and b and the pressing stamp or piston e.
The lower half of the mould a is fixed on a seat 1, fitted with guides for the two
carriages or slides . These carriages carry the cores, corresponding to the
actual moulds, and which can be introduced by means of the carriages i into
the open moulds, which is effected by the following arrangement.
The seat or bearing I is provided with slots through which the bolts m fastened
to the carriages i are passed and in which they can move. Attached to these
bolts m, with liberty to revolve, there are levers n which are attached at their other
ends to the two-armed lever p, which is pivoted on the bolt or stud r. The bolt r
is fastened to the seat 7. One arm of the lever p is longer than the other and is
fitted with a handle, and arranged so that on moving this handle in one direction,
the cores are moved into the moulds, and on moving the handle in the opposite
direction the cores are removed from the moulds.

page_text: In Fig. 3. the left-hand carriage i is shown, together with the apparatus setting it
in motion, in the position in which the cores h are inserted in the moulds f¹, while
on the right hand the carriage and its driving apparatus are shown in the position
in which the cores are withdrawn from the mould.
In order that the moulds may be completely shut off by the carriages i, the
latter are fitted with the rails s, which in this case, are extended beyond the inould
and are fitted at their ends with eyes or hooks, which may then be fixed in position,
with regard to each other, by links or other known arrangements.
The mould shown in Figs. 7 and 8 is the same, in principle, as the one shown in
Figs. 3 and 4, except that in the first mentioned arrangement the mould, as well as
the carriages with the cores, are radially arranged. In place of the two-armed
lever p there is provided, in this case, a collar which revolves on the bolt or stud r,
and which is provided with as many cams p as there are moulds for carriages i;
these cams p are connected with the levers n by rods u. By turning the lever z
fitted to the above mentioned collar, the cores h, in the same way as in the first
named construction, are introduced into the moulds for withdrawn from same.
When making glass articles by means of the moulds shown in Figs. 3, 4, 7, and 8,
the liquid glass is introduced into the space gl and the stamp or piston e is forced
into this space in which case, of course, the cores h must previously have been
inserted into the moulds 1.
After depressing the piston e it is raised again, the carriages i, with the cores h
are brought to their outside position, the upper half of the mould is lifted off, so
that the glass articles are exposed and may be withdrawn for further use.
Of course the larger the number of spaces the larger must be the size of the
space y', and vice-versa.
These mould-chambers f' in my arrangement, may also be arranged in several
tiers, so that, as I have already stated, any desired number of glass articles can be
produced in one single operation.
The moulds may also be arranged to open in hinges, and may be with or without
a cutting-off arrangement for the glass articles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An apparatus for the production of solid and hollow-moulded glass,
characterised by two half-moulds a and b, (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8) in which a
hollow space is provided for the pressing stamp or piston e, and from which
space apertures, arranged radially, or side-ways, lead to the actual mould
chambers (Figs. 3 and 4) so that, on forcing the stamp or piston e into this
space, the liquid glass is forced through the channels into the mould chambers f¹
filling them completely.
2. In the apparatus characterised in Claim 1. the arrangement of cores h which
are inserted into the mould-chambers f¹ for the purpose of producing hollow-glass
articles with cut bottom, (Figs. 3, 4, 7 and 8).
3. The combination of the cores with carriage i which is set in motion by the
arrangement characterised in Claim 4.
4. In the arrangement characterised in Claim 2. the arraugement of levers n
which are connected on the one hand with the carriages i by a pin or stud m, and
on the other hand with lever arms p rigidly connected with each other and pivotted
on a pin or stud r, for the purpose of introducing the cores e on the carriages i into,
or removing them from, the actual mould-chambers f¹ whenever the levers pare
turned.
Dated this 21st day of May 1896.
J. E. EVANS-JACKSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.