IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS OR STRAPS, AND OF WASHERS, SHEETS, RINGS, DISCS, TUBES, AND PACKING, AND INSERTION Proons DAD WADTOTES PIRANDO "
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James George Ingram, of Wilmer Gardens,
Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex, India-rubber Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS OR
STRAPS, AND OF WASHERS, SHEETS, RINGS, DISCS, TUBES, AND PACKING, AND
INSERTION Proons DAD WADTOTES PIRANDO "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James George Ingram
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th October 1874.
I, JAMES GEORGE INGRAM, of Wilmer Gardens, Hoxton, in the.
County of Middlesex, India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BANDS OR STRAPS, AND OF WASHERS, SHEETS, RINGS, DISCS, TUBES, AND.. PACKING,
AND INSERTION PIECES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
.
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
bands or straps, and of washers, sheets, rings, discs, tubes, and packing,

page_text: and insertion pieces for various purposes, and relates to the production
of a more durable and more effective article than heretofore. For this
purpose instead of alternating layers of canvas with layers of india-
rubber as heretofore I employ a layer or layers of wire gauze or
of perforated sheet metal in lieu of or in combination with the canvas,
by which means I obtain an article of great strength, and which will
neither stretch nor absorb moisture.
In the case of driving straps or bands I in some cases embed in the
interior thereof, whether made of india-rubber, gutta percha, leather, or
other material, continuous longitudinal flat strips of hoop iron or other
metal, or rods, or wires, parallel to each other, and of such width,
number, and thickness, and fixed at such distances apart as may be
suitable to the width or thickness of the band or strap required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James George Ingram in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
GEORGE INGRAM, of Wilmer Gardens, Hoxton, in the County of Middle-
sex, India-rubber Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said James George Ingram,
Her special licence, that I, the said James George Ingram, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James George Ingram, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BANDS OR STRAPS, AND OF WASHERS, SHEETS, RINGS, DISCS, TUBES, AND PACKING,
AND INSERTION PIECES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst

page_text: others) that I, the said James George. Ingram, my executors or.
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after.
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James George Ingram, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
bands or straps, and of washers, sheets, rings, discs, tubes, and packing,
and insertion pieces for various purposes, and relates to the production
of a more durable and more effective article than heretofore. For these
purposes instead of alternating layers of canvas or other fabric. with
layers of india-rubber as heretofore I employ a layer or layers of wire.
gauze or of perforated sheet metal in lieu of or in combination with the
canvas, by which means I obtain articles of great strength which will
not stretch, and which when canvas is not employed, will not absorb.
moisture.
.
In the manufacture of sheets and various other articles the wire gauze
or perforated sheet metal is embedded in the centre thereof, being covered
on each side with india-rubber or with compounds thereof, the whole
being cured in the usual way. Or layers of wire gauze or perforated
sheet metal may alternate with layers of india-rubber and canvas, the
outer surfaces of the article being covered. with india-rubber.:
It is evident that washers, sheets, rings, discs, and packing and insertion
pieces for various purposes may be made from sheet rubber strengthened
as above described.
The above mode of manufacture may also be employed in the manu-¨
facture of various articles, such, for instance, as bands or straps, either
round or flat, and tubes.
When employed for making flat bands or straps I prefer to wrap the
india-rubber around the wire gauze or perforated sheet metal so as to
have a protecting edge of india-rubber in the usual mode of making:

page_text: such bands when employing canvas as. the strengthening means, except
that I use generally only one layer of perforated sheet metal or wire
gauze, and when making round bands I employ alternate layers of wire
gauze or perforated sheet metal and india-rubber in combination or not
with canvas, and roll them together somewhat into the form of a rope,
and "cure" it in this form, whereby I obtain a strong and solid round
band, which may be formed into an endless band either before being.
oured or after os may he found suitable
such bands when employing canvas as the strengthening means, except
that I use generally only one layer of perforated sheet metal or wire
gauze, and when making round bands I employ alternate layers of wire
gauze or perforated sheet metal and india-rubber in combination or not
with canvas, and roll them together somewhat into the form of a rope,
and "cure" it in this form, whereby I obtain a strong and solid round
band, which may be formed into an endless band either before being.
oured or after, as may be found suitable
. Endless round bands made as above described are very suitable to
form tyres for bicycles, and to be employed for various useful
purposes.
By wrapping alternate layers of india-rubber and perforated metal or
wire gauze, either combined or not with canvas, around a rod or mandril,
tubing may be readily made, and by cutting off slices therefrom rings,
washers, or packing, or insertion pieces may be formed.
In some cases instead of employing wire gauze or perforated sheet
metal in the manufacture of bands or straps for driving or other purposes
where great strength is required, I embed in the interior thereof, whether
such bands or straps are made of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other
material, continuous longitudinal flat strips of hoop iron or other metal,
or in lieu of the flat strips, rods or wires parallel to each other may be
employed, such flat strips, rods, or wires being of width, number, and
thickness, and fixed at such distances apart as may be suitable to produce
the width, thickness, and strength of the band or strap required.
In some cases for convenience of manufacture I first weave these flat
strips, rods, or wires together into the form of a loosely woven gauze, the
weft of which consists of comparatively small wire, and is employed
simply to hold the warp of flat strips, rods, or bars together and retain
them in the desired position in the process of manufacturing straps or
bands, this loosely woven gauze being for the purpose cut into the widths
required for the purpose to which it is intended to be applied.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the mode
in which I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim as my Invention is,―
Firstly. The employment in the manufacture of the various articles of
india-rubber of a layer or layers of perforated sheet metal or wire gauze

page_text: in combination with layers of india-rubber, and with or without layers
of canvas or cloth, in manner and for the purpose substantially as herein
described.
And, Secondly. I claim the improved mode of manufacturing bands or
straps for driving or other purposes where great strength is required by
embedding in the interior thereof, whether such bands or straps are made
of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other material, continuous longitudinal
rods, bars, or flat strips of hoop iron or other metal, in manner substan-
tially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James George Ingram, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
J. G. INGRAM. (L.S.)