IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING, WEIGHING, AND OTHERWISE PREPARING TEXTILE MATERIALS, AND SUPPLYING THE SAME TO CARDING AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS, PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING, WEIGHING, AND OTHERWISE
PREPARING TEXTILE MATERIALS, AND SUPPLYING THE SAME TO CARDING AND
OTHER MACHINES." A communication from abroad by William Calvert
Bramwell, of Hyde Park, Massachusetts: United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1879.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING,
WEIGHING, AND OTHERWISE PREPARING TEXTILE MATERIALS, AND SUPPLYING
THE SAME TO CARDING AND OTHER MACHINES." [A communication from abroad
by William Calvert Bramwell, of Hyde Park, Massachusetts, United States of
America.]
This Invention relates to feeding apparatus for carding and other machines used
in the preparation of textile materials or substances, and is designed to improve the
class of machinery described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
Alexander Melville Clark, and dated March 16, A.D. 1876, No. 1144.
The first part of the present Invention comprises mechanism for preparing the
raw material.
A case or receptacle is provided, into which the material is thrown,
an elevating toothed apron for raising the material, and a vibrating comb. In
order that the material may be cleaned off the teeth of the elevating apron after
having been opened out and made uniform by the action of the comb 1 employ a
stripping apron, which is provided at suitable distances apart on its surface with
strips of flexible material, as, for instance, leather and the like. In order that the
material stripped off the teeth may be directed and more readily conveyed away
from the stripping apron I employ a smooth shell or dish placed immediately.
beneath the bottom roll of and carrying the stripping apron, and of a curve similar

page_text: 'to that described by the outer edges of the flexible strip attached to the stripping
apron.
The second part of the said Invention comprises weighing apparatus as applied
to machinery used in the preparatory stages of textile manufacturing. This
weighing apparatus is provided with a pair of arms connected at each end by cross
bars or rods to form a frame. This frame is hung on knife edges or pivots, such as
are usually found in ordinary weighing scales. The arms of the frame also carry one
or more wings hung on journals by their upper edges. Their bottom or lower edge
or edges of such wing or wings are held together by a spring or weight, and thus
is formed a receptacle having moveable sides which can be moved apart, thus
dropping or emptying out their contents. These wings are suspended from the
arms having the knife edges, and balanced by weights at the opposite extremity of
such arms; it follows that the whole forms a weighing apparatus having a recep-
tacle, which whenever desired may be opened apart and so discharge the weighed
material. The arms having the pivots have attached to them end pieces when the
wings are closed to prevent any material dropping out at the ends. By the use of
this apparatus I am also enabled to give a very slight movement of the weighing
mechanism on the pivots or knife edges, thus increasing their durability and
sensitiveness.
"
The third part of the said Invention comprises mechanism for evening, smoothing,
and condensing the material on the feed apron or lattice. For this purpose
employ a 'pusher," in front of which each weighted portion is dropped at such
times as the pusher is back or further from the feed rolls of the carding or other
engine. Immediately after each discharge from the weighing receptacle this pusher
is caused to travel forward across a portion of the lattice, and in the same direction
as the lattice, but in a diagonal or oblique direction across such portion of said
lattice. One end of the pusher commences its travel before the other end begins to
move a distance equal to the amount of obliqueness desired. As each deposit is
thus pressed obliquely forward, and as the pusher when in motion travels forward
at an increased rate as compared with the surface speed of the lattice, it necessarily
follows that when the material reaches the feed rolls of the carding or other engine
there will be always more than one of such deposits entering such feed rolls. I
also employ a vibrating paddle so fixed that at each downward movement it shall
press on the material, and so condense it still more, while by its upward movements
the material is relieved from pressure.
It is generally known that the feed rolls of carding and similar engines for the
treatment of textile substances vary considerably in height; I therefore make that
part of the framework of my improved feeder which carries the lattice adjustable
in height independently of the main frame work.
The fourth part of the said Invention comprises an improved device for instantly
stopping the delivery of material to the weighing apparatus of feeding machinery
such as I have described. I employ an automatic clutch, which through the action
of a belt or equivalent driving mechanism operating the delivery shall keep the said
delivery in constant motion so long as it is unimpeded. This clutch carries a
circular disc having notches cut in its periphery or projecting teeth. This disc is
loose, but held in a forward position by a spring, and it carries a pin, which when
the disc is pushed back is caused to rise in a slot, through which it projects inside
the pulley on which the belt or band runs. This pulley is a loose pulley kept in
place by a collar on the shaft which drives the elevating apron or other device for
raising or conveying the material to the weighing apparatus. The pulley also
carries attached to its inner face a pin. Whenever the before mentioned disc is
free to revolve, the pin which it carries in the slot comes in contact with the pin
in the pulley, and as the arm having the slot is attached to the delivery shaft or
roll, it follows that the whole will revolve together, and so impart the motion of the
driving belt, or band, or equivalent to the apron or other means employed for
raising or conveying the material to be weighed.
When the material has been discharged from the weighing receptacle, and the whole

page_text: again brought by its own gravity into position, a lever draws the obstruction away
from the tooth of the disc, allowing the spring to relax, and the pin moving simul-
taneously comes again in contact with the one in the pulley, setting again in motion
the delivery of material to the weighing apparatus. As an auxiliary attachment
to feeding machinery I employ improved means for conveying refuse matter which
is or may be ejected from the rolls or cylinders of carding engines away from such
rolls or cylinders and to one side of such engine, there dropping said refuse to the
floor or into a receptacle provided for the purpose, thus avoiding all liability of any
such refuse again entering such cylinders or carding engine.
Sometimes I also employ in the said feeding machine a box or case containing a
toothed apron, a vibrating comb, and a stripping roll covered with teeth. The
bottom of such case or box and the underside of the stripping roll are provided
with rods, or wire cloth, or bars, between which refuse is allowed to drop. In some
cases I dispense with the weighing apparatus, as, for instance, where the thickness
of the feed is the essential elements and not the weight. In feeding such machinery
I regulate the thickness by mechanism controlled by the thickness of the feed, and
which in turn changes the relation between the vibrating and the delivery or
elevating apron containing teeth, either as regards distance between the two or
their relative speeds. By these means I am enabled to keep the thickness very near
uniform, and so facilitate the proper working of the material, by always supplying
to the machinery the same amount and in very nearly the same condition. I make
the shell or dish above described hollow in special cases, and deep enough to
contain a perforated cylinder or an apron, whose surface is in contact with oil or
other substance, and protudes slightly through a slot in the hollow surface of said
disk, so that the tool or other material becomes charged with the oil to an extent
dependent on the speed of the enclosed cylinder or perforated apron.
I also use self-adjusting boxes and tighteners for the aprons, rolls, and other parts
in connection with but disconnected from removable heads or plates, for removing
any of such parts from the main frame. To prevent any fibrous material from
winding around any of the journals of cylinders or rolls in an extended box or
bearing, instead of wings to form the receptacle, as above described, I sometimes
employ a simple form of box having a movable bottom, which may be made to slide
or open at regular intervals for the purpose of discharging the contents, and counter-
balanced so as to return of its own gravity as soon as relieved.

page_text: Figure 1 is an end view of a complete machine embodying these improvements.
Figure 2 is a sectional view (drawn to an enlarged scale) of the "preparing
mechanism."
Figure 3, 3º, 3º, 3º, shew details of "clutch mechanism” for arresting the supply
of material.
Figure 4 is a transverse section of feeding mechanism without “feed lattice” or
apron.
Figure 5 is a transverse section of feeding mechanism without "weighing
apparatus."
"
In Figure 1 A represents the main frame, having an extension a bolted to
the said frame at 1, 1, 1, the whole forming a large box or case for containing the
inaterial, such as wool or the like, to be operated upon. In or near the bottom of
this box an endless apron b is employed running on rolls c; this apron serves to
sustain the material as well as to carry it forward in the direction of the arrow.
Sometimes I employ a device shewn at e in dotted lines swinging on the journal x,
and extending across the box inside the same. The material placed in front is
pressed forward in this manner either by the gravity of the device e or by the
positive motion being imparted to it, and when fresh material is placed in the box
the device or door e is set back into the position indicated by dotted lines e¹.
When however the aforesaid extension is not used, I employ a series of rods-
wire-cloth or perforated sheet metal, as shown by dotted lines & fixed to end pieces
attached to the frame A by the screws d¹. In this case the material will slide
forward by its own weight towards the elevating apron f which is provided with
teeth projecting upwards. Different forms of aprons are used, one being a plain
canvas apron, having slats of hard wood containing the teeth attached in any
suitable manner to its surface, and this form serves for the treatment of "short"
material. Another form of apron has straps of leather to reinforce the canvas at
the back, and is provided with alternate toothed and plain slats, that is to say, the
plain slats fill up the blanks between the toothed slats. This form serves for
"long" materials. Whatever may be the form of apron, it is drawn tightly on the
top and bottom rolls B, B*, the roll B being the driver and having a pulley D¹
receiving motion through the belt 37 from the pulley F attached to the gear wheel
F', which is driven by a "change" gear wheel on the main shaft W, which imparts
movement to the other parts of the said machine. The vibrating comb D counter-
balanced by the pulley D¹¹ and journalled in the self-adjusting box F* held by the

page_text: nut 6 to the frame, is more clearly shewn in Figure 2ª where the arms D have
attached to them the comb stock 9, g, by screws 5 in their slotted ends. The
wooden stock is divided in the middle of its length to allow of being set out of
line as shewn. The comb-plate provided with teeth is fastened to the stock in the
usual manner as at 61, 61. The tendency of the elevating apron to raise more
material on either side, or in the middle, can be counteracted by proper adjustment
of the vibrating comb. At G the operating pulley is shewn provided with a wrist
pin "7 to which is jointed one end of a connecting rod 8, the other end of which
is similarly secured to a stud or pin movable in the slotted arm 9 which is firmly
fastened to the shaft h of the comb.
"
The fibrous material having been subjected to the action of the said comb is left"
in an opened condition amongst the teeth of the elevating apron, and is ready to
be removed therefrom by the stripping apron i, i, operated by the rolls H, H, the
upper one of which receives its motion from a belt driven from the main shaft of
the machine. At k flexible strips are attached to the surface of the said apron and
project therefrom, extending from side to side and at distances apart, varying to
suit the different materials which the machine is designed to use.
This apron
travels so much faster than the apron f having the teeth as to effectually sweep the
fibres from the said teeth. To direct the fibres away from the stripping apron i, a
dish or sheet L is employed, which is highly polished in its concave part, and is
held to the main frame at each end by screws, one of which is seen at L. The
arrows shew the direction of rotation. The journals of the rolls H are carried in
self adjusting bearings, which are so fixed to slotted projections of the frame as to
allow of their being placed parallel to the apron f. One end of each bearing is
extended to each inside of the apron, and within a recess in the end of each roll
or cylinder as at Figure 2b. This arrangement prevents the entrance of the fibres
to the journals and the consequent choking of the mechanism. Sometimes I do
not recess the ends of the rolls, but merely leave them sufficiently short to allow
the extended boxes or bearings to abut against their ends inside of the aprons.
Another form of bearing used is shewn in Figure 2 and 2d, in which 6* is the roll
having a shaft a* running in the bearing c*, C; the latter has at each side recesses
for receiving the lugs 2 of the spanner d*, which has a screw threaded shank e*,
passing through a projection g* of the main frame, and provided with a thumb nut
h* for the adjustment of the aprons, rolls, and other parts.
The fibrous material drops from the aprons into the weighing apparatus M,
Figure 1, consisting of end arms, one of which, N, is connected to a similar arm at
its other end by the girths or rods 11-12, the whole forming framework which is
suspended from the hooks P attached to the main frame by bolts 10, and supported
on knife edge pivots O firmly fixed to the arms N. This weighing frame moves
on the pivots to the extent allowed by the rest or stop 19. To the said frame-
work the other parts are suspended in the following manner. Each end arm N
is recessed to receive the rods 13-14 which extend across the said frame and
serve to support the wings m, n, (which are fixed to the rods) by their upper
edges. The said wings can thus freely swing apart as indicated by the dotted
lines 15, 16. When closed or brought together at their lower edges, the said wings
form a receptacle with curved sides into which the material to be weighed falls.
The whole apparatus is balanced by the round bar 18 which is suspended from the
girth 11. There is a weight S suspended from an arm R secured to the round
rod 13 fixed to the wing m, and this arm is slotted in the part between the rods
13 and 14. To the rod 14 of the wing n another slotted arm T is secured, and
carries, fixed in the slot, a pin 17 which enters loosely into the slotted end of the
arm R, the pin 17 therefore serves to connect the movable wings, so that what-
ever motion is imparted to the one is transmitted to the other, and the weight S
overcoming the gravity of both, keeps them always closed unless otherwise acted
upon. The pin 17 also projects outwardly, and is at regular intervals pressed upon
by the discharging lever Q, thus opening the wings. To prevent the falling out of
the fibrous or other material at the ends of the receptacle, sheet metal end pieces

page_text: are employed, of similar shape to the section of the wings when closed. These end-
pieces are fastened to the arms N by screws y. The movement of the parts is.
indicated by dotted lines.
The action of the said apparatus may be described as follows:-The wool or
other substance falling gradually into the receptacle will cause the whole apparatus
to descend on becoming balanced until arrested by the stop 19, and at the same
moment further supply of the material will be cut off. The apparatus now remains
at rest until the discharging lever Q is acted upon by the pin 20, attached to and
projecting from the inner face of the wheel V. The pin 20 as the wheel V revolves
presses the comb 23 of the lever Q outwardly, thereby causing its long upper end
to press down the pin 17, thus opening the wings and dropping the material
beneath. The weight u serves to return the lever Q to its original position, and is
simply a counterbalance. The gear-wheel V continuing to revolve relieves the
pressure on the lever Q and enables the weighing apparatus to return by its own
gravity to its original position, the wings being drawn together by the weight S
as the pressure of the lever Q is removed.
The mechanism for stopping the delivery of material consists of a series of
tripping levers, operated from and by the balancing of the weighing apparatus. A
small stud or pin 21 is attached to the lever T, and on this stud rests the long end
of a lever Y carried on the pin Y¹; its shorter end sustains a lever 33, which serves
to catch on the teeth of a clutch hereinafter described. The long end of the
lever Y is of sufficient weight to force up the lever 33 when the weighing apparatus
(on descending) carries the supporting pin 21 from under the lever Y, so that the
lever 33 is subject in its rise and fall to the action of the weighing apparatus while
being at the same time disconnected therefrom. After the lever 33 has been
allowed to catch one of the teeth of the clutch and so stop the elevating apron f,
it remains to be withdrawn again (after the weighing apparatus has discharged its
contents) and so set the apron again in motion as follows, that is to say:-At the rear
of the lever Q is a lever E¹ of a T shape and carried on a stud 22, one end of the said
lever is curved near the bottom, and is of such shape as to be pressed upon by the
pin 20 immediately after the said pin has passed the cam-shaped end of the lever Q
as the wheel V revolves. The other end has a small adjustable stud 30 connected
by the wire or rod 31 to the lever 32 in such a manner that the lever 33 will be
withdrawn when the lever E¹ is acted upon by the pin 20 in the wheel V, and as
the same pin also discharges the weighing receptacles it follows that the movements
must always take place at the proper time. The weight 28 is a counterweight to
the lever E¹..
One forin of clutch-mechanism is shewn in detail (Figures 3, 3ª, 3b, and 3°), in which
c is a portion of the elevating toothed apron supported and driven by the roll b",
having a shaft all carried in the self-adjusting bearings f", el, attached to the frame
d. A is a pulley having a flange a¹, and carrying attached and projecting from its
inner face a pin E'. There is another pin F' attached to a small bell crank lever D¹,
working in a recess in a casting C¹ which is firmly fixed to the shaft all of the
apron roll b. When the two pins are in contact the motion of the pulley A¹ is
transmitted to the apron. The casting C¹ has a long hub upon which is loosely
held a circular disc B₁, held in place by the collar L'. The disc is provided with
teeth 34 and a raised flange J¹, which is continuous except at J", where it allows
one end of the bell crank lever to leave the pin F', as above described. The
part C has also a slot in and through the recessed part containing the bell crank
lever, and through this slot the pin F¹ projects inside the pulley A¹. One end of a
spring His attached to the said disc and presses against the part C' at its other
end so as to keep the disc forward, and with it the pin F¹ the same distance from
the centre of the shaft all as the pin E¹ in the pulley A¹. When the said 'disc is
pushed backward the pin F¹ will be raised in the slot of the casting C¹, and then
the pin E¹ in the pulley A¹ will no longer communicate its motion to the apron-
roll 61, and the same time the lever 33 (Figure 1) catches on one of the teeth 34 of
the disc and causes the stoppage of the elevating apron f. The driving belt or

page_text: other means employed for giving motion to the apron f thus furnishes the necessary
power to disconnect itself from the apron, and so relieves the weighing apparatus
while it is moved out of the way by the weight of the wool or other material.
To equalize the material after its deposit upon the feed apron or lattice
(Figure 1) I sometimes employ a push board 21*, extending across the feed-apron
and supported in a vertical position by pins extending through slots in the main
frame of the machine, one of the said pins is shewn at C* and the other is indicated
by dotted lines at 26. These pins extend through the upper ends of levers of
varying shape, one at each end of the machine, as seen at A*, and the other as.
shewn by dotted lines B*. The former has a square opening near its upper end,
and the other has a plain curved slot. The said two arms or levers are so fixed to
the shaft t at each end that the board 21* commences its forward movement at
one end before that of the other end. The lever A* has a slot carrying a pin. To
this pin is attached one end of a connecting rod Z, the other end of which is attached
to a pin q in the outer face of the gear wheel V, the latter has three holes p, q, 7',
and the connecting rod has also three corresponding holes. By moving the pin
into the different holes the throw of the push board 21* is increased or diminished.
The holes therefore determine the forward movement of the board, while the.
difference in shape of the arms A*, B*, determines the degree of obliqueness or
progress of one end of board in advance of the other. Thus the wool is made to
assume a diagonal or oblique position across the feed lattice at each discharge of the
weighing apparatus. The location of the pin q operating the push board and the
discharging pin 20 in the gear-wheel V is such that the discharge must always take
place when the said push-board is back, so that the wool or other material must
always drop in front of the board. At 34* I have shewn a shaft which supports a
vibrating board or paddle, this paddle is placed obliquely to correspond with the.
push-board, and serves in its vibratory movements to press down the wool in
advance of the push-board. It receives its motion from the connecting rod 35, and
a pin in the gear-wheel F¹ driven from main shaft W.
Figure 4 shews a feeding apparatus wherein the usual feed rolls and lattice are
dispensed with. A weighing apparatus may or may not be used; in either case
the material is allowed to drop into a secondary box or case as having a perforated
back and bottom 63 for the exit of refuse, an elevating apron or a cylinder c³ with
a vibrating comb d³ and stripping cylinder e³, also provided with a perforated shell
beneath, allowing the escape of fine dirt and the like. This contrivance may be
applied to the feeding of preparatory machinery before the carding process, or in
lieu thereof, by the addition of more cylinders, aprons, and other parts. The object.
thereof is to manipulate the fibrous materials in the direction of their length, and
to counteract the shortening effect produced with the feed-rolls (heretofore employed)
by their slow movements and great pressure exerted on the fibres.
5.
Figure 5 shews a feeding apparatus without weighing mechanism, and in lieu
thereof an arrangement, for maintaining a uniform thickness on the feed lattice.
There is a cylinder a reaching across the feed-apron, and it is carried on the ends
of arms, one of which is seen at c', and is secured to a shaft dat each end, so that
the said cylinder will rise and fall parallel with the feed lattice. The end of this.
cylinder may however be carried by independent arms, so that either end may rise
or fall without affecting the other. In either case it is connected to the lever f
through the connecting rod e. The lever f is extended upwards and slotted at g*;
the entire apparatus is fixed to the cross shaft h, which is adjustable in the slotted.
portion of the frame, as shewn. At j' the vibrating comb is shewn carried in
adjustable bearings and protruding through the slot g' of the lever f4, and also.
reaching downwards where it is supported on the shaft h, which passes through
the support of the comb at each end. If the cylinder a should be raised or.
lowered it would cause the movement of the vibrating comb to or from the teeth of
the elevating apron i, i. At m a shell or dish is shewn which is hollow and may.
contain lubricating material. Its upper concave surface has a slot extending from
end to end, lengthwise, through which the upper surface of an enclosed perforated.

page_text: cylinder may slightly protrude. The fibrous material swept from the teeth of the
apron, by the apron n* will, in passing over the concave surface of the dish m*,
become charged with the lubricating material brushed off the perforated cylinder.
The speed of the latter will determine the amount of lubricating material supplied,
and the height of the cylinder at will determine the thickness of the material on
the feed apron and adjust the comb j automatically.
The train of gearing shewn in Figure 1 transmits the motion from the main
shaft W to the other parts of the machine at the proper speed; the shaft W extends
across the machine, and has on it pulleys and wheels for operating the quick moving
parts of the said machine.
In describing my improvements although I have specified particularly the use of
aprons it will be understood that cylinders might be and sometimes are substituted
therefor.
As an attachment to this improved feeding apparatus I sometimes employ in
connection with a "burr box" a travelling belt having plates of metal attached
either rigidly or capable of swinging, and these plates scrape the refuse, such as
burrs, along the board or bottom of the box, where such refuse is ejected from the
card cylinders in the usual manner until on arriving at one end the refuse drops
through a hole in the said board upon the floor, or into a receptacle. By this
contrivance the burrs and other refuse will be constantly removed to one side and
got rid of, so there can be no injury to the carding engine by the accumulation of
such refuse unless it is finally caught among the cylinders, which often happens if
the hand or attendant neglects to clean the refuse from the bottom of the box or
board. Sometimes I run the belt with plates attached horizontally with the board
and parallel thereto; sometimes I run it on its edge and vertically to the board,
and the metal scrapers projecting at about right angles from the surface of the
belt.
The rolls can be withdrawn from the machine without disturbing the frame by
simply removing the false head or the plate 38 held by screws 39 and 40 to the
frame. This plate is independent of the bearing of the rolls.
At 36 I have shewn bolts which serve to hold the part carrying the lattice apron
to the main frame, and the slots allow the lattice to be raised and lowered to suit
the varying heights of carding engines, and also to dispense with the raising or
lowering of the entire machine.
The said machine is provided with adjustable feet 41 secured through the slots
to the main frame by bolts 42; by these means the machine can be conveniently
"levelled" and made to stand squarely on an uneven floor.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
First. The combination of a vibratory toothed comb or equivalent device with a
toothed apron, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Second. The peculiarly constructed adjustable comb operating as set forth.
Third. The endless apron having flexible strips in combination with the apron
or cylinder having teeth, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourth. An apron constructed with flexible strips, substantially as above set
forth.
Fifth. The concave shell or dish in combination with an endless apron or a
cylinder, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Sixth. A weighing apparatus consisting of a frame hung on pivots and one or
more wings, which, when closed, form a receptacle for the material to be weighed,
and which can be opened or closed, as desired, by the aid of the pin or equivalent
device, all constructed and operating substantially as set forth.
Seventh. A clutch or equivalent mechanism in combination with a toothed apron
or cylinder, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Eighth. A lever or dog acted upon by the weighing apparatus in combination
with the disconnecting mechanism, substantially as set forth,

page_text: Ninth. A push-board or equivalent device for pushing forward successive portions
of material, arranged and operating substantially as set forth.
Tenth. The extended and adjustable bearings for the rolls, cylinders, and other
parts, constructed and arranged substantially in the manner and for the purpose
specified.
Eleventh. The adjustable lattice, which may be raised or lowered independently
of the main frame of a feeding or other machine, substantially as set forth.
Twelfth. The modification of the feeding apparatus wherein the same is con-
structed without a lattice, substantially as set forth, and as shewn in Figure 4 of
the Drawings.
Thirteenth. The modification of the feeding apparatus wherein the same is
without the weighing mechanism, and has in lieu thereof an automatically adjustable
comb or equivalent device governed by the thickness of the, material on the feed
lattice, substantially as set forth.
Fourteenth. A feeding or other machine having a hollow concave trough or dish
for containing oil and with an enclosed cylinder, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
Fifteenth. A refuse conveyor having an endless travelling belt with scrapers
attached thereto for removing the refuse ejected from a carding or other engine or
machine to one or both sides thereof, substantially as set forth.
Sixteenth. The removable plates covering the holes or openings in the main
frame of the machine and independent of the journals of any of the rolls, cylinders,
or other parts, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
PORT TATT