İMPROVED AGENTS SUITABLE FOR CLEANING AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Rozière, Chemist, of 51, Rue de Malte,
Paris, in the Empire of France, for the Invention of "CERTAIN İMPROVED
AGENTS SUITABLE FOR CLEANING AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 7th September 1866, and dated the 21st March. 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Rozièro at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Pétition, on the 21sť
March 1866.
I, CHARLES' ROZIÈRE, Chemist, of' 51, Rue de Malte, Paris, in the Empire"
of France, do hereby declare tho nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVED AGENTS SUITABLE FOR CLEANING AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of agents suitable for cleaning and
such like purposes, especially' for cleaning or removing stains from textile or
other fabrics, hides, and skins.
The Invention consists in preparing a solid or liquid product from extracts
obtained from the bark of quillaja wood or quillaja saponaria by boiling the
same in water. The said extract is mixed with salts of soda or other alkaline
salts when a dry and with alcohol' when a liquid product is desired:
The process may be performed as follows:-The bark is boiled in wäter
and a concentrated extract is made, which when in a state of syrup is mixed
with the salts' and 'then' evaporated to dryness, it is thus obtained in a state of
paste; which is next cooled till' it' becomes dry'; it thus forms a sört of' soap
suitable for cleaning or the like; or this material may be melted in water,-

page_text: together with alcohol, and thus form a liquid cleaning agent. In some cases
I find that in preparing the soap, about equal parts by weight salt and bark
may be used, and in preparing the liquor about one-fifth part alcohol; but
I do not restrict myself to these proportions.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Rozière in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st September 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
ROZIERE, Chemist, now of 36, formerly of 51, Rue de Malte, Paris, in the
Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS .Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Charles Rozière, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Rozière, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Charles Rozière, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the. Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVED AGENTS SUITABLE FOR CLEANING AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Rozière, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Rozière, do hereby declare.
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the production of agents suitable for cleaning and
such like purposes, especially for cleaning and removing stains from textile
other fabrics, hides, and skins.

page_text: The Invention consists in preparing a solid product and a liquid product
from extracts obtained from the bark of quillaja wood or quillaja saponaria by
boiling the same in water. The said extract is mixed with salts of soda or
other alkaline salts when a dry product is to be obtained, and with alcohol
when a liquid product is to be obtained. The process may be performed as
follows: The. bark is boiled in water and a concentrated extract is made,
which when in a state of syrup is mixed with the salts and then evaporated
to dryness, it is thus obtained in a state of paste which is next cooled till it
becomes dry, it thus forms a sort of soap suitable for cleaning or the like; or.
this material may be dissolved in water together with alcohol, and thus form a
liquid cleaning agent. I herein-after call the solid product which I obtain
according to my Invention."soap," and I call my liquid product "essence."
The detergent properties of these products render them very suitable for
cleaning woollen and silk fabrics, and kid, lamb skin, and other leather
goods, colored or not. Clothes cleaned by the soap are free from the greyish
or dirty white tinge which they often acquire when washed with common
soap. Black woollen fabrics, become glossy and lustrous; and white woollen
fabrics free from discoloration and from the reddish tinge which they have
when washed with common soap. Silk ribbons can be thoroughly cleansed
with the essence without losing their color. My essence may be described as
an aqueous solution extracted from quillaja wood and edulcorated with alcohol
to prevent it from becoming troubled and from fermenting. Quillaja wood is
'imported from Chili and other places.
In manufacturing the soap I first sort the bark, because it often contains a
quantity of .black pieces which are full of tannin and would yield a nearly
black extract so as to be unsuitable for this manufacture.. After sorting the
bark I place the selected pieces in water, which it absorbs rapidly, and I then
cut them into small pieces by hand or by machine, preferring to use an appa-
ratus like those used for chopping straw; I then place these small pieces of
bark in water in a boiler and heat the same gradually up to boiling point,
whereupon. the insoluble portions of the bark, which are a sort of mucilage,
will separate from the other portions, and after the whole has boiled some
time the bark is removed with a ladle or skimmer, and I then reduce or con-
centrate the liquor by .evaporation until it acquires a soapy consistericy: This
extract need not be obtained in a dry state, as that would be difficult to accom-
plisb, and the product would at first be very much colored, and the expense of
production would be increased, therefore I stop the process of concentration
when the extract is thick and like syrup, and then I throw into the boiler
some sulphate of soda reduced to a very efflorescent powder and dried in the

page_text: open air. I throw in this powdered sulphate in instalments, that is to say, a
little at a time, until the whole quantity required has been introduced, and
while this is being effected I stir the liquid so as to mix the materials well
together. The quantity of sulphate of soda altogether used should be about
equal to that of the extract treated with it. As sulphate of soda absorbs water
greedily the mixture soon acquires consistency, and I then remove it to a
basin or vessel, in which I again stir it or work it about and it becomes
more and more consistent as it cools down; but as the soap without some
precaution would not keep when exposed to air, but would exfoliate and
evaporate when the sulphate happened to predominate, and would sometimes
become soft and ferment, therefore in order to preserve it I first compress it
well so as to make it compact and prevent the air from penetrating, and. I
then wrap it in sheet lead or tin foil, which protects it and prevents it from
giving off its strength to the air or from absorbing anything therefrom. For
this purpose while the soap is still warm I divide it into pieces of any required
weight, and I force these pieces into metal moulds and subject. them to
pressure. I then remove them from the moulds, wrap them in pieces of sheet
lead or tin foil and replace them in the moulds and again subject them to
pressure, which causes the wrapper to adhere to the soap, and effectually pre-
serves it. In some cases, when the soap is intended for. cleaning cotton, linen,
or hempen fabrics, I substitute for the sulphate of soda à like quantity of
sub-carbonate of soda, mixed or not with chalk or carbonate of lime to thicken
and dry the extract. I generally use the carbonate of lime in proportions of
about or part by weight, but this may be varied according to the degree of
absorption of the material; or instead of chalk or carbonate of lime I some-
times use dried clay; also, instead of using sulphate of soda or sub-carbonate
of soda in preparing the soap I sometimes use chalk, or carbonate of lime, or
dried clay, in lieu of such salts of soda, or I use two or more of these agents
together.
My essence is sold in bottles. I prepare it by dissolving in water syrupy
extract of the quillaja bark as above described, except that it is less concen-
trated than when preparing it for the soap, and I then filter the solution, and
(in order to preserve it) I add about th part by weight or 5 per cent. of
alcohol or of acetic acid. This essence is applicable for toilette purposes, and
if a few drops of it be thrown into water the hands and face can be well
cleansed therewith. This essence is not only a detergent, but a hygienic
agent.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,→

page_text: First, the soap manufactured of aqueous extract of quillaja bark and
sulphate of soda, substantially as described.
Second, the soap manufactured of extract of quillaja bark and sub-carbonate
of soda mixed or not with carbonate of lime, or chalk, or clay, substantially as
described.
Third, the soap manufactured of extract of quillaja bark mixed with chalk
or carbonate of lime, or with dried clay, instead of or together with sulphate
or sub-carbonate of soda, as described.
Fourth, the liquid or essence composed of extract of quillaja bark and water
mixed with alcohol or acetic acid, substantially as described.
Fifth, the soap preserved by pressure in moulds and by metal wrappers, as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Rozière, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
BRESSON, F.,
Rue de Malte, 36, Paris.
CH. ROZIERE. (L.8.)