IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRUSSIATES OF AMMONIA, AND THE APPLICATION OF PRUSSIATES OF AMMONIA TO DYEING, PRINTING, AND TO PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the 'Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRUSSIATES OF AMMONIA, AND THE APPLICATION
OF PRUSSIATES OF AMMONIA TO DYEING, PRINTING, AND TO PHOTOGRAPHY, "_
A communication from abroad by Arthur Baudesson and Paul Houzeau,
Daime
Dance
Sealed the 13th April 1865, and dated the 13th October 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th October 1864.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRUSSIATES OF AMMONIA, AND THE
APPLICATION OF PRUSSIATES OF AMMONIA TO DYEING, PRINTING, AND TO PHOTOGRAPHY,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in depositing, under the influence of light upon
paper, textile fabrics, wood, glass, porcelain, and other suitable substances, a
matter colored or ready to become colored, by the aid of chemical agents, by
immersion, dyeing; printing, or otherwise.

page_text: The Invention also consists in the manufacture of prussiates of ammonia
necessary in the applications herein-before recited, and for other uses, by
making sulphate of ammonia act upon prussiates of potash; thus there are
obtained by double decomposition sulphate of potash and prussiates of
ammonia; the sulphate of potash crystallizing first, the mother waters retain
the prussiates of ammonia which crystallize afterwards. To obtain red
prussiate of ammonia (ferri-cyanide of ammonium) I treat 200 pounds of red
prussiate of potash with 80 pounds 7 ounces of sulphate of ammonia. To
obtain yellow prussiate of ammonia (ferro-cyanide of ammonium) I treat
200 pounds of yellow prussiate of potash with 124 pounds of sulphate of
ammonia.
Application to photography upon paper, textile fabrics, and otherwise.
The paper is sensitized,
1. Either by a bath of ferri-cyanide of ammonium or ferro-cyanide of
ammonium, or of a mixture of these two salts.
2. Or by a bath of prussiate of potash or other prussiates.
3. Or by a bath of prussiate with a base of iron at the maximum, and of
organic acid-salts of iron.
After exposure to light the image appears in blue, and the whites are
removed by a simple washing with water. The tone is sharpened by an acid
bath or bichloride of tin or other suitable chemical agent.
4. Or the paper may be sensitized by a bath of double salt of iron and of
ammonia, an oxalate, a tartrate, a citrate, or otherwise. The image is
developed after washing in a bath of weak acid and of yellow prussiate of
potash to obtain the blue tints. Tannin yields blacks-tints, sulpho-cyanide of
ammonium or of potassium yields blood-color tints.
Quick bath, Ferri-cyanide of ammonium
Citrate of iron
Water
-
10 parts.
- 10
- 100
"
دو
The above are good proportions, but they may be varied, as also the agents

page_text: The image appears in a green blue; after washing, the whites are clear,
and the image is brought up for half an hour in a solution of tartaric acid
at 10 per cent., dried and washed.
Black. The blue image is dyed with logwood, to which a small quantity
of glue is added, then washed, and is brought up in slightly soapy water, next
washed, and again brought up in a similar bath.
-
Violet. The blue image is decolorized in a bath of carbonate of soda,
is dyed with madder, and is brought up by chloride of lime and soap bath.
Bronze. The image is decolorized as before, is dyed with madder aud
quercitron, and is brought up in a bath of soap.
Olive and Brown.-The image is decolorized, dyed with quercitron, and
is brought up in a soap bath.
I do not limit myself to proportions, nor do I restrict myself to the matters
composing the baths. By employing other baths of coloring woods or
matters the tints and colors may be varied. I have deposited upon textile
fabrics and other suitable substances iron mordants obtained from a mixture
of perchloride of iron and tartaric acid, of double oxalate of iron and of
ammonia, and 'other mixtures which are capable of taking the same color by
dyeing. In dyeing for pale blue (bleu vapeur) the prussiates of ammonia
possess the property of becoming decomposed by the simple effect of
vaporization without the addition of oxalic acid or of tartaric acid, or the
aid of ammoniacal salts. I have succeeded in depositing all the mordants
generally used in the manufacture of printed textile fabrics, such as
mordants of alumina, whereby red, rose, and yellow tints are obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th April 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special- licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Broomau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as 1, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed;
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRUSSIATES OF
AMMONIA, AND THE APPLICATION OF PRUSSIATES OF AMMONIA TO DYEING, PRINTING,
AND TO PHOTOGRAPHY," (communicated to me from abroad by Arthur
Baudesson and Paul Houzeau, both of Reims, France,) upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archirald Brooman, iny
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one-of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald, Brooman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in depositing, under the influence of light, upon
paper, textile fabrics, wood, glass, porcelain, and other suitable substances,
a matter colored or ready to become colored by the aid of chemical agents
by immersion, dyeing, printing, or otherwise.
The Invention also consists in the manufacture of prussiates of ammonia
necessary in the applications herein-before recited, and for other uses by
making sulphate of ammonia act upon prussiates of potash, thus there are
obtained by doublé decomposition sulphate of potash and prussiates of
ammonia. The sulphate of potash crystallizing first, the mother waters
retain the prussiates of ammonia which crystallize afterwards. To obtain
red prussiate of ammonia (ferri-cyanide of ammonium) I treat 200 pounds
of red prussiate of potash with $0 pounds 7 ounces of sulphate of ammonia.
To obtain yellow prussiate of ammonia (ferro-cyanide of ammonium) I
treat 200 pounds of yellow prussiate of potash with 124 pounds of sulphate
of ammonia.

page_text: Application to photography upon paper, textile fabrics, and otherwise.―
The paper is sensitized,―
1. Either by a bath of ferri-cyanide of ammonium or ferro-cyanide of
ammonium, or of a mixture of these two salts.
2. Or by a bath of prussiate of potash or other prussiates.
.3. Or by a bath of prussiate with a base of iron at the maximum, and
of organic acid salts of iron.
After exposure to light the image appears in blue, and the whites are
removed by a simple washing with water. The tone is sharpened by an acid
bath, or bichloride of tin or other suitable chemical agent.
4. Or the paper may be sensitized by a bath of double salt of iron, and of
ammonia, an oxalate, a tartrate, a citrate, or otherwise. The image is
developed after washing in a bath of weak acid, and of yellow prussiate of
potash to obtain the blue tints.
Tannin yields black tints. Sulpho cyanide of ammonium or of potassium
yields blood-color tints.
Quick bath, Ferri-cyanide of ammonium
Citrate of ivan
10 parts,
10 note

page_text: Violet. The blue image is decolorized in a bath of carbonate of soda, is
dyed with madder, and is brought up by chloride of lime, and soap bath.
Bronze: The image is decolorized as before, is dyed with madder and quer-
citron, and is brought up in a bath of soap.
Olive and Brown-The image is decolorized, dyed with quercitron, and
iš brought up in a soap bath.
I do not limit myself to proportions, nor do I restrict myself to the
matters composing the baths. By employing other baths of coloring woods or
matters the tints and colors may be varied. I have deposited upon textile
fabrics and other suitable substances iron mordants obtained from a mixture of
perchloride of iron and tartaric acid of double oxalate of iron and of ammonia
and other mixtures which are capable of taking the same color by dyeing. In
dyeing for pale blue (bleu vapeur) the prussiates of ammonia possess the
property of becoming decomposed by the simple effect of vaporization without
the addition of oxalic acid or of tartaric acid, or the aid of ammoniacal salts.
I have succeeded in depositing all the mordants generally used in the manu-
facture of printed textile fabrics, such as mordants of alumina, whereby red,
rose, and yellow tints are obtained.
By way of example I proceed to describe more clearly the manner of
applying photography upon textile fabrics.
Blue colour.-1st. Impregnate the fabric, which should be well bleached
and without any dressing, in a bath composed of 100 parts of water and 6 to
10 parts of yellow salt (sel jaune), according to the intensity of tone to
be produced.
2nd. Stretch the fabric and leave it to dry in a hot place.
3rd. Expose it to light under an ordinary photographic plate until the blue
colors which become developed assume a metallic aspect. During sunshine
the exposure should be from 15 to 30 minutes, according to the state of the
plate.
4th. After exposure wash the fabric carefully, and let it remain for half an
hour or an hour in water.
5th. Wring it well, and soak it in a bath composed of 1000 parts of water,
and 20 parts of sulphuric acid. Leave it an hour in this bath, then wash
with water.
6th. Soak it for about an hour in a bath composed of 1000 parts of water,
10 parts of hydrochloric acid, and 10 parts of bichloride of tin, then wash it
in water.
Black color. Perform the first 5 operations last above described, except
that instead of from 6 to 10 per cent. of yellow salt employ. from 5 to 6
per cent. to impregnate the fabric.

page_text: Then, 1st, dissolve in a quart of boiling water from 30 to 80 grains of
gelatine glue, and add to this solution as much logwood.
2nd. Boil the fabric half or three quarters of an hour, then wash with
water.
3rd. Boil in a bath composed of 1000 parts of water and 5 parts of soap
until the whites appear, then wash with water.
By modifying the manipulation, and the nature of the dyeing baths, I obtain
different shades of brown, violet, red, yellow, &c.
Whatever be the number of pieces of sensitized fabric exposed at the same
time to the action of light, they may all be submitted at the same time to the
operations above described, thus 50 or 100 pieces require no more time
than one piece.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Broomau, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
K.-A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)