An Improved Process and Apparatus for Producing Hydraulic Mortar.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 11th May, 1892-Accepted, 11th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process and Apparatus for Producing Hydraulic
Mortar.
1, CHARLES BLOEMENDAL, of Eichenstrasse, Berlin, S.O. in the Empire of
Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to a process and apparatus for producing hydraulic mortar
from which the air is expelled.
From the material (cement and sand) for making the mortar the interior air is
withdrawn by rinsing with water which contains no air in order to effect a thorough
adhesion of the minuted particles.
For carrying my aforesaid process into practice I employ an apparatus which
comprises a mixing cylinder with a stirrer, a water receptacle and a water pump.
The stirrer has vanes presenting a trough-shaped part over which extends a
perforated plate and filter cloth fixed by means of a frame.
Through a short tubular piece the vanes are in communication with the interior
of a hollow shaft. The vanes are somewhat inclined in such a manner that they
will exert a pressure in the forward movement upon the material and thus more
easily receive the air contained in the latter.
My process is carried out as follows, that is to say the cylinder is filled through
a feed pipe with the dry material (cement and sand) up to about three-quarters of
its capacity; then it is hermetically closed and water very slowly admitted from
below through a pipe provided with a cock. This water partially displaces the
air contained in the material, which escapes through an air-cock provided at the
top of the cylinder. When the cylinder is full the two cocks referred to are closed
and a third cock is opened; the stirrer and the pump being set in action at the
same time. The pump conveys water, which is preferably boiled in order to free
it as much as possible from air, from the receptacle into the cylinder. After a
certain pressure has been produced in the cylinder another cock included in an
upper pipe connecting the hollow shaft with the water receptacle is opened, the
pumping and stirring being continued. The water is saturated in the cylinder
By reason of the
with air and passes through the filter cloths into the vanes.
pressure exerted in the stirring action by the vanes upon the material, the air
passes rapidly into the vanes and with the water through the above-mentioned
tubular piece into the hollow shaft from which both pass through the upper pipe
and cock into the receptacle. On leaving the upper pipe part of the air taken up
from the material escapes. The circulation is continued until the material is
thoroughly mixed and has given off its air to a sufficient extent then the material
is removed from the cylinder through a lower opening. The material washed
away through the filter cloth, passes from the receptacle through the pump
into the mixing cylinder; for this reason it is expedient to employ a membrane
pump.
A lixiviation of the material cannot take place, as the water in the said
receptacle is used again and again. If the filters of the vanes are to be cleaned
water is let in through one of the lower pipes hereinbefore referred to.
Dated this 19th day of August 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: An Improved Process and Apparatus for Producing Hydraulic
Mortar.
1, CHARLES BLOEMENDAL of Eichenstrasse, Berlin, S.O. in the Empire of
Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a process and apparatus for producing hydraulic mortar
from which the air is expelled.
The interior air is withdrawn from the material (cement and sand) for making
the mortar by rinsing the same with water which does not contain air in order to
effect a thorough adhesion of the minuted particles.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown how my said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 represents a sectional view of the entire apparatus.
Figure 2 is a section on the line 1, 2 of Figure 1 and
Figures 3 and 4 show details drawn to an enlarged scale of the vanes of the
stirrer.
For carrying my aforesaid process into practice I employ an apparatus which
comprises a mixing cylinder A provided with a stirrer B, a water receptacle C and
a pump D.
The stirrer B is provided with vanes a each of which consists of a trough-shaped
or hollow part a over which is stretched a perforated plate and a filter cloth c
secured to the edge of the vane by means of a frame d. Each of the said vanes a
are provided with a short tubular piece which is screwed into a boss formed on
a hollow shaft e, by which communication is established between said vanes and
the said hollow shaft e. The vanes are inclined in such a manner that they will
exert a pressure in the forward movement upon the material, and thus more easily
receive the air contained in the latter.
My process is carried out as follows, that is to say, the cylinder A is filled through
a feed opening or manhole a with the dry material (cement and sand) to about
three quarters of its capacity; it is then hermetically closed and water very slowly
admitted from below through a pipe provided with a cock. This water partially
displaces the air contained in the material, which escapes through an air-cock
provided at the top of the cylinder. When the cylinder A is full the two cocks f
and 7 are closed and a third cock his opened; the stirrer B and the pump D being
set in action at the same time. The pump forces the water, which is preferably
boiled in order to free it as much as possible from air from the receptacle C into
the cylinder A.. After a certain pressure has been produced in the cylinder another
cock included in an upper pipe connecting the hollow shaft with the water
receptacle is opened, the pumping and stirring being continued. The water is
saturated in the cylinder with air and passes through the filter cloths into the
vanesa. By reason of the pressure exerted in the stirring, by the vanes upon the
material, the air passes rapidly into the vanes and with the water through the above-
mentioned tubular piece a into the hollow shaft c, from which both pass through
the upper pipe and cock i into the receptacle C. On leaving the upper pipe i part
of the air taken up from the material escapes. The circulation is continued until
the material is thoroughly mixed and has given off its air to a sufficient extent,
then the material is removed from the cylinder through a lower opening k. The
material washed away through the filter cloth passes from the receptacle C through
the pump into the mixing cylinder; for this reason it is expedient to employ a
membrane pump.
A lixiviation of the material cannot take place, as the water in the said
receptacle C is used again and again. If the filters of the vanes are to be
cleaned, water is let in through one of the lower pipes hereinbefore referred to.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. The herein described process for producing hydraulic mortar from which
the air is withdrawn, in which the materials are slowly saturated with water from
below in a closed receptacle and the air thereby expelled is discharged, whereupon
water which is as free from air as possible, circulates through the material which
water takes up the air contained in the said material and gives it off again outside
the receptacle.
Second. The improved apparatus for carrying out the above described process,
consisting of the cylinder A with the stirrer B, trough-shaped vanes a provided
with filter cloths c communicate through the pipe a' with the hollow shaft e so that
the water forced by the pump D into the cylinder can circulate, and again yields
the air withdrawn from the material during the outflow into the receptacle C.
Dated this 11th day of May 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.