IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD LOOMS
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES
POOLE, of the Patent Office, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the
Fourth, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of January, in the sixth
year of. His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Moses Poole, His especial license, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Moses. Poole, my exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
JACQUARD LOOMS" (communicated to me by a certain Foreigner residing
abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the
said Moses Poole, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the
said. Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to bo
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had

page_text: to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
The Invention, as communicated to me from abroad, relates to that kind of
looms or machinery for weaving figured fabrics, known by the name of
Jacquard looms; and in order more clearly to point out the nature of the
improvements secured by the present Letters Patent, I will, in the first place,
shortly explain the nature of the Jacquard machinery, which operates to
produce figures or patterns on the face of the fabrics produced in such looms,
depending on the figures or patterns perforated in a series of cards fastened
together so as to form a continuous and sometimes an endless chain of such
cards, which chain of perforated cards move with a square moveable shaft, com-
monly called the "cylinder," and the several cards are caused to act at proper
intervals against the ends of horizontally-placed needles, which are connected
by intermediate apparatus with the warp threads in such manner as to cause
some of them to be lifted up whenever the treadle of the figuring machinery is
depressed in a proper order and succession to combine with the weft threads
so as to produce on the face of the fabric figures or patterns, according to
the design of the perforated cards. In such looms or machinery the warp
threads pass through the glass eyes of a harness of mails or threads, the
lower ends of which are weighted, and the upper are suspended by lifting
threads (sometimes called mounture), which pass through a plank or
board pierced with a number of holes corresponding to the number of
warp threads, and the said lifting threads (which support the mails or
treadles) are connected to the lower ends of vertical lifting rods or wires,
the upper ends of which bear or rest against a lifting bar that is guided
between the upright cheeks of the frame of the figuring Jacquard machinery.
The lifting bar is connected to the treadle of the figuring or Jacquard
machinery so that when the weaver presses down the said treadle he raises up
the lifting bar. The upper ends of the lifting rods are hooked or curved, so
as to be able to catch over the blades of the lifting bar, and then they can be
lifted up by the said lifting bar, whenever the same is lifted, by means of the
treadle, but if the said lifting rods are pushed a little away, then the hooks at
their upper ends are clear of the blades of the lifting bar, and that bar can be
raised by means of the treadle without lifting the lifting rods. The operation
of the lifting rods in the aforesaid kind of figuring machinery to lift up some
of the yarns or threads of the warp at each shoot of the weft in a proper order
to combine therewith to weave the required figures is produced by the lifting
rods passing through eyes formed in needles placed horizontally, and pressed
by springs endwise against the face of a pattern shaft or cylinder, around

page_text: which the endless chain of perforated cards passes. The said pattern shaft or
cylinder is suspended by long arms from the upper part of the figuring
machinery, so that it can vibrate or swing to and fro, and its swinging motion
is produced by the rise and fall of the lifting bar to which it is connected.
Thus, when the lifting bar descends it causes the pattern shaft or cylinder
(by means of a roller fixed to the lifting bar working in curved guides attached
to the arms of the pattern shaft or cylinder) to move towards the ends of the
needles, and then such of the needles as come opposite holes in the card will
enter into them, and the hooked ends of the lifting rods, which pass through
eyes in those needles, will remain catching over the blades of the lifting bar,
consequently, when the same are drawn up by the weaver depressing the
treadle of the figuring machinery, all the warp threads belonging to those
needles are raised to allow the shuttle to be thrown across the piece between
them and the other warp threads; but the ends of those needles which are
opposite blank or unperforated parts of the pattern card will be-pushed back
thereby (by the swinging in of the pattern cylinder or shaft), carrying with
them the lifting rods which pass through their eyes; by this means these
lifting rods will be clear of the lifting bar, and will not be lifted by the blades
thereof, nor will the warp threads connected to such rods be lifted when the
lifting bar is raised. The succession of perforated or pattern cards are
brought one after the other to act on the needles to regulate the order of the
successive openings of the warp so produced by certain catches, or clicks that
operate to turn the pattern shaft or cylinder round a portion of a turn every
time that it recedes from the ends of the needles, that is, every time the
lifting bar is raised, whereby the endless chain of perforated cards is carried
round, and a fresh card is thus in a position to open the warp for the next
shoot of the weft. By this means the successive openings of the warp are
produced in that order which will cause the required figures or patterns to
appear on the face of the woven fabric.
Having thus generally explained the nature and working of Jacquard
loonis, or machinery for weaving figured fabrics, the nature of the improve-
ments secured by the present Letters Patent will more readily be understood
by the following explanation thereof :-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows so much of the figuring machinery of a Jacquard loom in
section as will be sufficient to enable me to explain the application of the
improvements. a, a, is the lifting bar, the construction of which will readily
bo traced by an examination of the Drawing. To this lifting bar a, a, are
affixed the blades b, b, which are turned up, as shown at Figure 1. C, Garo

page_text: the needles, through the eyes of which the lifting rods hereafter described pass,
one to each needle, in like manner to ordinary Jacquard looms; but it will be
seen that such needles have no springs to press them to the cards. d is the
pattern shaft or cylinder which carries the endless chain of perforated cards;
e is what I call the guide plank, which is affixed to the framing of this
machinery in an inclining direction, as is shown in the Drawing, and is
perforated for the passage of the lifting rods; or, in place of having the guide
planke of perforated wood, the same may be of iron or other material, and
made up of a series of bent plates, perforated for the passage of the parts f of
the lifting rods, the parts g hanging between the bent plates, as at Figure 3.
The nature and construction of the lifting rods will be more clearly seen in
Figure 2, whero those rods are shown full size.
The rods consist of two parts,
shown, whereby the elbow or
f and g, the part f being bent to the figure
bend resting on the guide plank becomes a fulcrum, on which this part of
the lifting rod moves, as will be hereafter described. The part 9 of the lifting
rod consists of a straight rod or wire, which is suspended, and is capable of
swinging freely from the upper end of the rod f, as is clearly shown in the
Drawing, and to the lower end of the rod g is connected the lifting threads of
the harness of mails, as is clearly shown. It will be evident from the con-
struction of these lifting rods f, g, h, that when the lifting bar is down to its
lowest position, and the elbows or parts of the rods f are resting on the
plank e, the weights to the lifting threads will (by the rods 9 drawing down
the upper parts of the rods f, cause the lower end of those rods to swing in
and rest against the blades of the lifting bar, and such of those rods f as are
not forced outwards by their needles coming opposite holes of the pattern
cards will be lifted by the blades of the lifting bar, but those rods whose
needles come against unperforated parts of the pattern cards will be forced
away from the blades, and will not be lifted by the rising of the lifting bar.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention as communicated to me
from abroad, I would remark, that, although I have shown several parts
which are similar to those now in use in Jacquard looms, I lay no claim to
the same; but what I claim as the Invention secured by the present Letters
Patent are, the peculiar construction of the lifting rods f, g, h, the application
of the inclined guide bar c, and the construction of the blades of the lifting bar,
as herein described.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.
MOSES (s.) POOLE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Nineteenth day of July, in the
year of our Lord 1836, the aforesaid Moses Poole came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.