matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING FLAX, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th August 1858.-A communication.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING FLAX, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
being a communication from a foreigner residing abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved mode of applying a heckle drum or
a cylinder covered with needle-pointed card teeth to a drawing frame or other
machine used in preparing flax, wool, or other fibrous materials, whereby the
advantages of the ordinary screw gills are retained, while the disadvantages
are obviated.
In performing this Invention a heckle drum or cylinder covered with card
teeth of any suitable dimensions is employed, and the fibrous material is
supplied to this heckle drum or cylinder through a trumpet spout or between
rollers; a pair of drawing rollers is applied to draw the fibrous material over
the heckle drum or cylinder and through the teeth, and the upper roller of
this pair of drawing rollers is fluted, while the lower one is covered with
leather. This heckle drum or cylinder may also be applied to the drawing
head of a carding engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING THE SOLID MATTER FROM SEWAGE WATERS
Year: 1858

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application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parsons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1858.
I, WILLIAM PARSONS, of Pratt Street, Old Lambeth, Manufacturing
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SEPARATING THE SOLID MATTER FROM SEWAGE WATERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in separating the solid
matter from sewage waters. For this purpose the sewage is raised by pumps
to such a height as to obtain a considerable head, and from this elevation the
sewage is conducted by pipes into bags of woven fabric, which are protected
by cases of perforated metal, to enable them to sustain the pressure. The
fluid parts of the sewage pass through the bags, and the solid parts are
retained by them. When one of these bags become full of solid matter they
are removed and replaced by others, and the full bag is tied up at its mouth,
and the matter which it contains may be sold as a manure in the bag in
which it is originally collected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORDS, ROPES, AND CABLES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Stirling Newall, of Gateshead, in the County
of Durham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CORDS, ROPES, AND CABLES."
Sealed the 23rd November 1858, and dated the 18th June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Stirling Newall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1858.
I, ROBERT STIRLING NEWALL, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURE OF CORDS, ROPES, AND CABLES," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention is to lay yarns into a strand in such a manner
as to retain the twist given to them in the process of spinning; then to lay a
number of such strands into a cord or rope without altering the twist in.the
strands; also to lay yarns or strands without altering the twist. round a core,
which may be of yarns, or it may be of insulated wire or wires, so as to form a
submarine electric cable.
AN IMPROVED SHOE SCRAPER
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arena Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th April 1858.
I, WILLIAM ARENA MARTIN, of 16, Powis Street, Woolwich, in the County
of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SHOE SCRAPER," to be as follows:-
The design and object is, great facility for cleaning or scraping the mud or
dirt from the bottom of shoes on entering public buildings or dwellings, and
to prevent the inconvenience that arises in wet weather in having to wait for
each to scrape their shoes. The new circular scraper will prevent this, as it
will admit as many as can stand round to use it at the same time, and do not
bind you to position as straight scrapers do, but admits of being approached
and used any way, every side being a front, and as the scraping wheel revolves
on an axis, entirely prevents unequal wear of the rim or scraping edge as
straight or fixed ones do; the durability of the revolving circular scraper is
very great, even under hard usage.
A wheel eleven and a half inches diameter will have a wearing edge equal
to a straight scraper thirty-six inches long, and always wearing level, every size
shoe will clean alike. The wheel is fixed over a pan to receive the dirt, for
using under a portico or just inside a house or shop door; other stands are

page_text: made without a pan, for fixing in stone or bracket to bolt to a wall, suitable
for any building, outside or in. The size of the revolving wheel varies
according to size and requirement; for churches, club, houses, public buildings
and gardens, a eleven and a half inch wheel is a good size; the largest, fifteen
inches, is found to answer well. One hundred and forty per minute may clean
their shoes on entering churches; the pan under the wheel by being made
long on one side will admit of a stand or bracket for holding umbrellas for
portable scrapers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE GEAR FOR DRIVING MACHINERY
Year: 1858

page_text: L
proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gough at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1858.
I, JOHN GOUGH, of Chester, Agricultural Machine Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE GEAR
FOR DRIVING MACHINERY," to be as follows, (that is to say):
This Invention consists in peculiar arrangements of the first motions or
parts of machinery to which the power of a horse or horses or other draught
animals are directly applied, and consists mainly in the use of an horizontal
endless driving band, chain, or strap, which is extended upon two or more
driving pullies, which are staked on to vertical driving shafts which have
secondary driving pullies or tooth-wheeled geer actuating the machinery to be
driven. The horses or other animals are yoked to the horizontal driving band,
which is set in motion by the draught of the animals. If preferred, a rack
may be substituted for the driving band, chain, or strap, by causing the teeth
of the rack to gear into toothed wheels mounted on the vertical driving shafts
in such a way that they will run loose on their axis one way, but in reverse
directions, the animals being yoked to the rack bar, travelling backwards and
forwards, give off their power alternately to each driving shaft through its
driving wheel, which is fitted on the shaft with a rack and pall tooth motion,

page_text: which arrangement allows the shaft, which is inoperative, to rotate, which it
does by the action of the working machinery to which it is connected, the
wheel thereon revolving loosely on its axis, so that it is perfectly inoperative
until the return motion of the rack when it comes into play, and the reverse
or other driving wheel gives way on its axis in the same way that the other
had previously done, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the rack
into a continuous rotatory motion on the machinery to be driven.
MENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR PORTEMONNAIES, POCKET-BOOKS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Hamlyn Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1858.
I, ALFRED HAMLYN WILLIAMS, of Cornhill, in the City of London, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR PORTEMONNAIES, POCKET-BOOKS, AND OTHER LIKE
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in fitting to the tongue or flap of the case a per-
forated plate, or in making apertures or holes in the tongue, and in causing a
stud or button pressed upon by a spring, and attached or held in the side of
the case, to enter one or other of the perforations in the plate, and thus keep
the case closed and fastened until the pressure of the spring is removed; or
the position of the spring and stud and perforated plate may be reversed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING THE PER- MANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beckett Johnson and
Joseph Shepherd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th November 1858.
We, WILLIAM BECKETT JOHNSON, Manager, and JOSEPH SHEPHERD, Fore-
man to Messrs. Richard Ormerod & Son, Engineers, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING THE PER-
MANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention refers to ballasting the rails; this we effect by the employ-
ment of apparatus upon the lever principle, as distinguished from the ordinary
method, which consists in ramming the ballast; thus to an arm capable of
being hooked on to the sleeper or rail we joint a lever, which being caused
to turn thereon forces the ballast forward. We employ a similar apparatus
for twisting the rails into their correct position when displaced, the lower end
of the lever being in this case caused to bear against the rail.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PAYING-OUT AND FOR RAISING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Tidman at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1858.
I, ROBERT TIDMAN, of Jermyn Street, St. James, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PAYING-OUT AND FOR RAISING
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in employing a raft or floating platform for carrying
and delivering electric telegraph cables when paying them out, and for winding
such cables upon, when it is desired to raise them, and in connecting by chains
or otherwise to the said raft or floating platform a lighter raft, or a series of
lighter rafts or sea cradles, coupled by chains or otherwise, and furnished with
sets of horizontal rollers over which the cable passes on its way to the sea.
These lighter rafts are used only when paying-out cables, being unnecessary
when cables have to be raised.
The cable to be paid out has one end fastened to, and is then coiled upon,
the principal raft or platform, and then has a casing built up over it. In the
top of this casing rollers are placed, between which the end of the cable passes
out. This end is then laid over the lighter rafts, rolling freely upon the rollers
of the same; guide rollers are placed at the sides and across these lighter rafts
to prevent the cable from leaving them. The principal raft is towed by a
steamer or by steamers, and the cable runs freely out of the casing and over the

page_text: roller rafts into the sea. The light rafts trailing behind the principal raft, will
readily sink to a certain extent, should any sudden or great strain tend to
come upon the cable, and the strain being thus at once yielded to, the cable
cannot by any possibility be injured. To raise cables previously sunk it is
only necessary to fix a steam engine upon the principal raft, and wind the
cable up in the opposite manner to that in which cables are paid out from
the same.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, APPLICABLE TO ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elias Robison Handcock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
October 1858.
I, ELIAS ROBISON HANDCOCK, of 57, Pall Mall, Westminster, and 16,
5 North Frederick St., Dublin, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, APPLICABLE TO ENGINES
TO BE WORKED BY STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
In changing a rectilinear into a circular motion without dispensing with the
crank action or its use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR TREATMENT OF "CARTON PIERRE" AND SUCH LIKE COMPOSITION, AND IN THE APPLI- CATION THEREOF TO THE COATING OR COVERING OF WALLS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William White and Josiah Parlby
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 16th December 1858.
We, WILLIAM WHITE and JOSIAH PARLBY, of Great Marylebone Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Architectural Decorators, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR
TREATMENT OF "CARTON PIERRE" AND SUCH LIKE COMPOSITION, AND IN THE APPLI-
CATION THEREOF TO THE COATING OR COVERING OF WALLS AND OTHER SURFACES," to
be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the preparation or treatment of the material
known as "carton pierre," and plastic substances of the character thereof, by
the application thereto, or the mixture therewith, of material adapted to resist
moisture, such as pitch, tar, rosin, gutta percha, india-rubber, or resinous or
bituminous substances of a like nature, or of cement in powder used with
the "carton pierre," either alone or in combination with the above-named
materials.
Also the improvements relate to the application of such matters as a
covering for surfaces and partitions of buildings and other structures, and other
surfaces.
One method for rendering "carton pierre" capable of resisting moisture is
by applying to the external and internal surfaces a material of a resinous
character, or of the nature of a varnish.

page_text: Also we make the "carton pierre," or such like material, itself capable of
resisting moisture by incorporating with it suitable waterproof material, such
as pitch, tar, or other material such as before named, and adding thereto a
powder cement, such as Portland, Parian, Roman, or other cement of like
nature in part or complete substitution of the ordinary plaster of Paris, adding
sand or lime when required, according to the purpose for which the coating
may be required. When these matters are dry, size and whiting may be
applied to the surface thereof, as when "whitening up" for gilding processes,
we then apply waterproof material or varnish.
In cases where the gloss of varnish is not required, we deaden it by the
further application of a mixture of wax and turpentine or other suitable
fluid. In cases where the greater proportion of resinous material may render
the material too inflammable, we add thereto alum or other non-inflammable
material.
The improvements also relate to combining with the plastic material referred
to, a frame or series of laths, or battens, or other open work, by applying the
plastic material so as to fill up or partially so the spaces between such open
work as well as over the whole surface of the same. And such laths or other
open work may be employed not only with the compound materials according
to our improvements, but also when ordinary sheets or surfaces of plain
"carton pierre" are required.
Sometimes when additional strength is required, or otherwise, we apply
canvas or other suitable fabric on or between layers of the material and before
the surface finish is obtained.
CERTAIN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COUPLING OR CONNECTING CARRIAGES, WAGONS, TRUCKS, VANS, AND ENGINES USED OR EMPLOYED UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1858

page_text: www
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed.
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marcus Brown Westhead and
Hugh Baines at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st March 1858.
We, MARCUS BROWN WESTHEAD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, and HUGH BAINES, of the same Place, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR COUPLING OR CONNECTING CARRIAGES, WAGONS, TRUCKS, VANS, AND ENGINES
USED OR EMPLOYED UPON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a novel arrangement of apparatus constituting a
self-acting "coupling," adapted to such purposes, and also further relates to
the adjusting of the said coupling between the carriages, &c.
First, we employ a novel form or arrangement of hook or rack, with the
necessary springs, levers, and wheels attached to operate as hereafter described.
When the carriages, &c., are put together, the said hook or rack will be
projected into a trumpet or funnel-shaped mouth; this funnel has flanges or
shoulders inside to receive the hook or rack; these funnels may be made
either circular, oval, or of any other form that may be most convenient or
suitable. Each carriage, &c. will have at either end a funnel and hook or
rack, so that they will always fit when the carriages, &c., are reversed in their
direction, and there is a joint or swivel at the back of each funnel, hook, or

page_text: rack, to allow for the difference in the heights of the carriages, &c. The
funnel, hook, or rack will be secured upon the bar to which the present hook
and shakling are attached, and will act in their stead.
The before mentioned wheels and levers, in connexion with springs, are
used for the purpose of detaching the carriages, &c., from each other, which
can be effected instantaneously either by levers connected to the carriages,
&c., or by detached or independant levers kept in readiness at the required
places on the road, and thereby dispensing with the necessity and danger of
going between the carriages, &c., for the purpose of either attaching or
detaching them, as at present.
Secondly, our Invention relates to a novel apparation and arrangement of
machinery, consisting of a rack & pinion, or screw and mitre wheels in con-
nection with a rachet wheel and shaft, for the purpose of tightening up or
slackening the "buffers" of the carriages, &c., and thus always allowing the
carriages, &c., to be evenly coupled. These novel arrangements of apparatus
will be more clearly shewn in the Drawings attached to our Final Specification
to be hereafter filed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1858. A communication from Gaspard Felix Tournachon, called
Nadar, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Photographist.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," a communication from Gaspard Felix Tournachon, called Nadar, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Photographist, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an entirely new system of photography, whereby
photographic bird's-eye views of portions of the earth's surface may be taken,
and consists in fitting a photographic camera in a vertical position, with the
lens downwards, into the bottom or side of the car of a balloon, such car being
formed, when requisite, into a "dark chamber," by surrounding or enclosing
it at the upper part with black silk or other fabric, and covering or closing the
space or chamber so formed by a moveable roof or ceiling of yellow silk or
other fabric for the purpose of obtaining the required yellow or negative light.
The lens is covered or uncovered in a ready manner by means either of a lever
acatthed to the car, and worked by a cord, so as to bring or remove a cap or
cover over or from the lens, or if preferred, a horizontal dise turning on a
vertical axis may be employed for that purpose.

page_text: Photographic views may thus be readily taken of the subjacent plane either
during the passage of the balloon, or when anchored and maintained stationary
at an elevation in the air, for which latter purpose three ropes are employed,
extending from the balloon to suitable windlasses below.
AN IMPROVED FIREPROOF COMPOSITION OR WASH
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Dembinsky and Adam
Cyrus Engert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th June 1858.
We, ALEXANDER DEMBINSKY, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Professor of Chemistry, and ADAM CYRUS ENGERT, of City Road, in the same
County, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED FIREPROOF COMPOSITION OR WASH," to be as follows:-
Our composition or wash is composed of sulphuret of potassium, silica,
ground quartz or flint, soda of commerce, powdered charcoal, pyroxalic acid.
The whole of these ingredients are mixed and reduced to a flux under heat.
The flux is afterwards diluted with boiling water down to the consistency
required for use:
We have above enumerated the best materials we are acquainted with for
forming our fireproof composition or wash, but any equivalent ingredient may
be substituted for any of those named. Many acids may be substituted fo
the acid mentioned, but we find pyroxalic acid produces the best effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VINTILATING SEWERS AND OTHER RECEPTACLES OF SEWAGE
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percy Burrell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
1858.
I, PERCY BURRELL, of No. 2, Middle Scotland Yard, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VINTILATING SEWERS AND OTHER
RECEPTACLES OF SEWAGE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ventilating sewers and other
receptacles of sewage. For these purposes pipes are laid along the lines of
sewers or other receptacles of sewage, by preference just above them, and at
intervals connections of small diameter are made between the interior of the
sewers and the pipes. The pipes are arranged in connection with suitable
apparatus for withdrawing the air and gases from the pipes into the apparatus,
which, by preference, consists of vessels similarly constructed to gasometers,
which are moved up and down by suitable power. The object to be
accomplished is, the withdrawal of the gases evolved from the sewage, and
constantly to keep the sewers in such a condition that the outer atmosphere
will have a tendency to flow into the sewers in place of the gases, the gases
having, in consequence of internal pressure in the sewers, a tendency to pass
into the outer atmosphere, as is now the case. The gases thus withdrawn
may by the apparatus be forced through water, with such chemicals therein as
will arrest the valuable products in the gases, or the gases may be subjected
to fire, so as to decompose them.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Barthélemy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1858.
I, CARL BARTHÉLEMY, of 27, Bush Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in hats relates more especially to hats made of felt or
other similar material, and consists in the application of Japan varnish to the
outside of the hat, which is thereby rendered waterproof, & is especially adapted
for sea side or other wear, and by not breaking or cracking & remaining soft
is preferable to leather & other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND INDURATING PLASTER, IN PREPARING SURFACES TO RECEIVE PLASTER, AND IN PREPARING OR PERFECTING PLASTER SURFACES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mariano Casentini at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1858.
I, MARIANO CASENTINI, of Westminster Road, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Modeller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND INDURATING PLASTER, IN PREPARING SURFACES
TO RECEIVE PLASTER, AND IN PREPARING OR PERFECTING PLASTER SURFACES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in preparing and indurating plaster consists
in so mixing and compounding plaster that it will afford ample time for its
application and moulding into forms before setting; it will also set and
become much harder than ordinary plaster, and at the same time will be free
from efflorescence, and therefore presents a surface which can be painted or
otherwise treated or ornamented at once.
In preparing plaster according to my Invention, I take of muriatic acid about
half a pint, of American potash about one pound by weight, and mix it with
eleven pails of water; I mix this solution with the plaster in the ordinary way
of mixing water with plaster, and apply and mould it in the ordinary manner.
Sometimes I mix about one pound of glue with the plaster for every six pails
of water used.
With this mixture of plaster the time of setting will be about twenty hours;

page_text: I, however, can regulate the setting by the proportions of the solution I use.
The weaker it is the sooner the plaster will set, and which I regulate according
to circumstances. I make the body of the plaster with a mixture of sand and
plaster, and the finished surface of plaster only, which may either be uncolored
or may have color blended with it.
In order to prepare the surfaces of brickwork or other material from which
efflorescence is likely to take place, and either to pass through the plaster
applied thereto or to detract from its adhesion to the surface, I apply the
following solution:-Arsenic, half a pound; muriatic acid, half a pint; sulphuric
acid, one gill, mixed with about one quart of milk, and three or four gallons
of water, more or less, according to the strength of solution required. I
apply this solution to the wall or other surfaces to be plastered, coating it once
or twice, according to the state of the wall or surface. According to my
Invention, I also apply this solution to plaster surfaces, either prepared accord-
ing to the first part of my improvements to further indurate it and as an
additional safeguard against efflorescence, or it may be to ordinary plastered
surfaces for a similar purpose as a finish to such surfaces or preparatory to
painting or otherwise finishing them.
A METHOD OF SUPPORTING OR CARRYING KNAPSACKS, PACKS, AND OTHER WEIGHTS ON THE BACK
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lauder at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June 1858.
I, JAMES LAUDER, Lieutenant and Brevet Captain in the Honorable the
East India Company's Army, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A METHOD OF SUPPORTING OR CARRYING KNAPSACKS, PACKS, AND OTHER
WEIGHTS ON THE BACK," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in attaching two straps to the fore part of the body
of the trousers, one strap on each side, the two to be united by buckle or
other similar fastening when on the wearer. Through an aperture made for
the purpose in each side of the coat I connect this strap by hook to the waist-
belt, and bring straps attached to the pack or weight to be carried over the
shoulders, one on each side, and connect these straps to the waistbelt; or, if
preferred, directly to the straps on the trousers. The bottom of the pack is
furnished with a steadying strap, which is connected at back to the waistbelt.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jackson and Aaron Fisher
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 17th August 1858.
We, JAMES JACKSON and AARON FISHER, Manufacturers, of Highfield Steel
Works, Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS," to be
as follows:-
It consists in substituting thin sheet steel or copper, or such other metal or
alloy as may combine the requisite lightness and elasticity in lieu of the
materials at present in use for the bodies of hats and shakoes. We propose, if
necessary, to galvanize such metal or alloy, and with or without galvanizing
to coat it with gutta percha, red or white lead, or other pigment or substance
ordinarily used and laid thereon, shoddy, beaver, silk, or other material to form
the coating or outward covering of the hat.
A NAUTICAL SAFE, AND LIFE PRESERVER
Year: 1858

page_text: This Invention received Provisio
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stettinius Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
April 1858. A communication from F. C. Smith, of the City of
Wheeling, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK, of the Atlas Works, Upper Park Place,
Dorset Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NAUTICAL SAFE, AND LIFE PRESERVER," (a com-
munication from F. C. Smith, of the City of Wheeling, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in so constructing a globular or other
spherical shaped vessel of copper or other metal, which is divided into distinct
compartments by decks provided with hatchways and doors, which are to be
made water-tight and secured with straps, staples, and locks, so that treasure,
such as coin or bullion, valuable jewellery, &c., may be placed in the lower
compartment or compartments, while the upper portion of the vessel will be
empty, and thus give it the necessary buoyancy to float above the surface of
the water sufficiently high to prevent entrance of water through the main
hatchway placed on an elongated portion of the globular vessel, the treasure
serving as a ballast in the vessel. The main hatchway and door as well as
the decks are provided with grummet rings and packing of gum elastic, while
by suitable locks and fastenings robbery is prevented.

page_text: The nautical safe is provided with a fog bell suspended from a removable
gallows frame, and also with a flag staff and signal. The upper half of the
globe being rendered bright by tinning as a reflector, renders the position of
the safe in the water readily indicated; rings are attached to the upper part
of the globe, and ropes may be stretched from pillar to pillar of the gallows
serving as a guard around the main hatch, and they serve as a life preserver
to a part of the crew. The safe is secured while on the vessel, by means of
a stand or recessed drawer, from which it is launched with facility by simply
drawing a part of the stand, which will allow the globe to roll overboard.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leetch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1858.
I, JAMES LEETCH, of Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
I construct the barrel and breech of the gun much in the ordinary way,
except that the back end of the breech is bored entirely through, the back being
closed by a cylindrical metal plug, larger in diameter than the bore, placed
with its axis at right angles with the barrel of the gun. The upper side of
the plug has a channel grooved through it to allow the charge to be inserted
through the back end of the breech, when by turning the plug a quarter round
the cylindrical surface of the plug is presented to and closes the back end of
the breech. Its action somewhat resembles that of a common water tap.
The connection of the barrel with the breech not being disturbed, a gun
so constructed may be used indiscriminately, either as a muzzle or a breech-
loading fire-arm.
PRODUCING A SUBSTANCE ENTITULED FELTED WOODY FIBRE, CONVERTIBLE INTO USEFUL ARTICLES, AND APPLICABLE TO THE INTERNAL FITTINGS AND DECORATIONS OF DWELLING HOUSES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Chapman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1858.
I, JAMES CHAPMAN, junior, of the North Foreland Lighthouse, in the Parish.
of Saint Peter's, Thanet, County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "PRODUCING A SUBSTANCE ENTITULED FELTED WOODY
FIBRE, CONVERTIBLE INTO USEFUL ARTICLES, AND APPLICABLE TO THE INTERNAL
FITTINGS AND DECORATIONS OF DWELLING HOUSES," to be as follows:-
The woody fibre, which the roots, leaves, and stems of all vegetables (in-
cluding the commonest weeds) are known to contain, being separated from the
mucilaginous part of the same by the various processes in order thus following,
trituration, washing, rinsing, boiling, dyeing various colours, pressing, and
drying. The woody fibre is thus produced in a hard compact felted state, the
specific gravity of which greatly exceeds that of water; in which state, the
aforesaid substance is convertible into various useful articles, as waiters, trays,
the tops of tables, or or pressed out in flat pieces, is suitable for ornamental
pannelling and interior fittings and decoration of rooms, being close and hard
in texture is capable of receiving a high polish.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTHOUSES
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crane Wilkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
June 1858.
I, WILLIAM CRANE WILKINS, of Long Acre, in the County of Middlesex,
Lighthouse Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTHOUSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lighthouses. Heretofore
when dioptric apparatus has been used in lighthouses, such apparatus has been
combined with metallic reflectors. Now, my improvements consist in com-
bining spherical glass reflectors with dioptric apparatus in lighthouses.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COVERING IRON AND OTHER SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by this Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Browning at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1858.
I, HENRY BROWNING, of Avon Cottage, Clifton Road, Bristol, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COVERING
IRON AND OTHER SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved composition for covering iron
and other ships' bottoms and other surfaces. The composition consists of
verdigrease ground in turpentine, thinned with Damma varnish, white copal,
or what is called paper varnish. The composition is used as an ordinary paint,
or is laid on as a thick paste. The composition may be stained or colored by
ordinary materials used for paints.
A NEW MOVEABLE SHAFT-BEARER OR SUPPORTER OF COACHES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Girardet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1858.
I, CHARLES GIRARDET, Manufacturer, of Vienna, in Austria, momentarily in
Paris (France), do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW MOVEABLE SHAFT-BEARER OR SUPPORTER OF COACHES," to be as follows:-
Two pieces of metal, leather, or other suitable material are joined together
by means of a hinge (or in any other convenient manner), so as when closed
to form a ring or cylinder, serving as the bearer for the shaft.
This ring or cylinder is attached to the proper strap, and the shaft has only
to be placed into the lower portion of the open bearer or "tug" (as it is com-
monly called) which is immediately closed and locked or pinned together, thus
easily and effectually connecting the animal to the shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Telford and Michael
Hope at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 23rd February 1858.
We, RICHARD TELFORD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Merchant, and MICHAEL HOPE, of the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the application to the sides of the bowls of castors
of gutta percha, mother-o'-pearl, papier maché, porcelain, or other earthen-
ware, glass, silvered, gilded, or coloured on the back, marble, slate, wood, iron
and vegetable ivory, such materials being used either plain or coloured. These
sides are formed in discs which we prefer to be convex on the outer face, each
of such discs being inserted in a circular groove formed on the side of the
wheel or roller, and fixed therein by turning over the edge of the wheel or
roller, so as to confine the outer part of the disc in the groove, or the discs
may be otherwise applied thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING LACE, NETTED, KNITTED, AND WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1858

page_text: vuo
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giacomo Gentile at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1858.
I, GIACOMO GENTILE, of 41, Queen Street, Cheapside, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING LACE, NETTED,
KNITTED, AND WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ornamenting lace, netted,
knitted, and woven fabrics. For these purposes small pieces of coral or rock
coral are used, each piece being perforated to admit of a thread being passed
through it, and in the making of lace, netted, knitted, or woven fabrics, threads
are worked in having pieces of coral thereon, and the same are so introduced
as to produce the desired pattern or ornament on the fabric, whether the same
be of silk, wool, cotton, or other fibrous substances. And the fabrics thus
ornamented will be applicable in the making up of garments or parts of gar-
ments for ornamental parts of dress, and in some cases the perforated coral is
applied after the fabrics are produced, and threaded and fastened on such
fabrics to give ornament thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING GAS FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Eastwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th November
1858.
I, HENRY EASTWOOD, of Elland, near Halifax, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING GAS FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in passing or forcing gas through or in close contact
with either common spirits of wine, or vegetable or mineral naptha, or a com-
bination of these liquids. I employ any suitable form or size of a covered
vessel, which I partly fill with a liquid or liquids, as above named, adjusting
the quantity by an overflow tap or plug. The gas enters the vessel by a pipe,
which projects into the interior at right angles with and close to the surface of
the liquid, whereby the gas is forced into the liquid, producing ebulition
thereof; the pure gas rising to the surface passes out through another pipe,
the orifice of which is also near the surface of the liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING ROOFS AND OTHER PARTS OF BUILDINGS WITH SLATE OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Palent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th April 1858.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING ROOFS AND OTHER PARTS OF
BUILDINGS WITH SLATE OR OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in covering roofs and other parts of buildings
with slate or other materials, relates, first, to the arrangement of blocks of
slate in such positions relatively to each other and the eaves or base line of
the roof, that a perfectly water-tight roof may be made with less material than
is at present required. The arrangement or position of the slates is deter-
mined in the following manner:-If square blocks are used, diagonal lines are
supposed to be drawn through them from corner to corner; but if blocks of an
oblong figure are used, a square is supposed to be drawn on one end of the
block, the short side of the block being the side of the square, and a diagonal
drawn through this square from corner to corner. The blocks (in either case)
are then placed on the roof, and so arranged that their supposed diagonal lines
will be perpendicular to the eaves or base line of the roof.
A second point in the Invention consists in clipping or cutting away the

page_text: corners of the blocks opposite to the diagonal lines and parallel therewith, so
as to admit of the slates forming butt joints at their corners, these butt joints
being covered over by the next course of slates.
This method of laying slate for roofs is also applicable to using the same
material for siding.
The same plan of construction may be applied to blocks made of wood, or
boards, or tiles. This method is also applicable to any style of architecture.
EXHIBITING SLIDES IN THE STEROSCOPE AND PRESERVING THEM FROM INJURY, TO ENABLE EACH SLIDE TO BE CONVEYED TO THE POINT OF VIEW, AND THEN APTER USE DEPOSIT THEM EACH IN ITS PLACE IN THE BOX WITHOUT HANDLING, OR EXPOSING THE SLIDES TO THE CHANCE OF BEING SOILED, KEEPING THEM ALWAYS UNDER COVER IN SAFETY, A Box 18 IN. BY 8 IN. SQUARE WILL HOLD AND EXHIBIT NEAR 1,000 SLIDES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Spiller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1858.
I, THOMAS SPILLER, of 5, Red Lion Square, in the County of Middlesex, in
the Parish of Saint George the Martyr, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "EXHIBITING SLIDES IN THE STEROSCOPE AND PRESERVING THEM
FROM INJURY, TO ENABLE EACH SLIDE TO BE CONVEYED TO THE POINT OF VIEW, AND
THEN APTER USE DEPOSIT THEM EACH IN ITS PLACE IN THE BOX WITHOUT HANDLING,
OR EXPOSING THE SLIDES TO THE CHANCE OF BEING SOILED, KEEPING THEM ALWAYS
UNDER COVER IN SAFETY, A Box 18 IN. BY 8 IN. SQUARE WILL HOLD AND EXHIBIT
NEAR 1,000 SLIDES," to be as follows:-
A box 8 or 9 inches square in the clear, and as deep as the number of slides
it is intended to hold, will require (allowing about four or five inches (according
to the thickness of the card the steroscopic pictures are mounted on) for every
hundred slides); the box is made in two compartments, with a square drum on
the top over the parting. Inside the box are placed guide lines or wires, the
slides are then fixed in a chain made expressly, or other suitable connection,
such as silk, cotton, or other flexible material, the length required, one end of
such chain is then fixed to hooks on the guide lines (which slide on them,
and traverse from top to bottom in each compartment of the box), the chain
is then properly folded and laid in one compartment of the box, and the other
end of the chain carried over the drum, and fixed in like manner to the
hooks on the guide lines in the other compartment of the box. By turning

page_text: the drum, over which this chain of views passes, the slides will be brought
before the lens or sight of the steroscope (which is fixed on a line with the
axis of the drum), and exhibited. When done with, the drum is turned one-
fourth round, and another view exhibited in the same manner, untill all the
pictures are brought in rotation from the full compartment of the box exhibited
in the steroscope, and carried into the other compartment and folded carefully
up in their place, when by turning the drum the reverse way, the views
repass through the steroscope again into the first compartment, exhibiting
them both ways. An indicator may be fixed on the outside of the box to tell
the number and name of the pictures if required, and the steroscope may be
fixed to the box with a swivel if desired, and the box may be made to elevate
or depress to the hight required, like a music stool or telescope.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ICE SAFES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1858.
I, CHARLES BRAY, of 14, Alfred Terrace, Queen's Road, Bayswater, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ICE SAFES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ice safes, and consists in
arranging them in the following manner:-The outer case is made of wood,
lined internally with felt, and is closed at the top by a cover or lid; this
outer case contains within it another case of wood, internally lined with metal,
also closed with a cover or lid. In the upper part of this inner case there is a
metal box or chamber for receiving ice; this box is perforated at the bottom,
and is furnished with a close fitting cover, so that the safe may be opened
without exposing the ice; underneath this ice box are placed several metal
cylinders or compartments suitable for receiving bottles of wine or other
articles, and so arranged that the water which drains from the ice trickles over
them. The ends of the cylinders pass through to the outer case, and are each
closed by a separate cover or lid, the series of cylinders or compartments
being closed in by a hinged flap or door on the outer case. By this
arrangement the articles to be cooled may be placed in these separate

page_text: compartments and removed therefrom without opening and exposing the other
compartments of the safe. Against one side of the ice box is formed a metal
cistern for containing water, and on the other side of the box shelves are
arranged to receive any articles which it is desired to cool; at the bottom of
the case there is a trough for receiving, and a pipe for conducting away
the water which drains from the ice.