Improvements in Type Setting Machinery.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 17th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 11th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Setting Machinery.
1, JOHN HOOKER, of Lancaster Place, Station Road, Beccles, in the County of
Suffolk, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In type setting machinery such for example as described in the Specification of
a former Patent granted to me No. 477 in the year 1874 all the type as they are
ejected one by one from the type reservoirs are conveyed on to one endless travelling
tape which carries them to the place where they are to be set up side by side into
line. Hitherto the band has, as described in the above mentioned Specification,
delivered the type on to a short inclined metal shoot over which they slid endwise
into the receiving channel, and were then pushed sidewise along the channel by a
continuously reciprocating pusher, acting against their sides. With this construc-
tion it sometimes happens if the type is dirty, or the atmosphere damp, that the
type get retarded in their passage over this metal shoot, and this leads to blocks
and stoppages. To remedy this I do away with the shoot, and bring the tape to
within the same distance of the column of type in the receiver as the end of the
shoot previously was, making the endless tape to turn around a small roller at this
point.
The tape may incline downwards in one continuous slope to the small roller
above mentioned from the last place where any type can be deposited on to it, or
preferably it is made to descend in two drops."
Just as each type drops on to the top of the column of type in the receiving
channel its tail end, which is foremost, comes against the free lower end of a light
inclined plate which at its upper end can turn freely upon a fixed pin. This plate,
as described in the Specification above mentioned, arrests somewhat the forward
movement of the type, and should the pusher be in its foremost position so that the
tail end of the type strikes against the side of the pusher, it prevents the type
from rebounding, and, pressing down upon its tail end, holds it in a position parallel
with the other type in the channel, so that it may readily drop into the channel
when the pusher next recedes. To further ensure that the type shall be held in
this position, should it from any cause rebound, I provide a light lever arm held
up by a spring or weight into a position to support the head of the type and
prevent it from droping to too great an extent.
The tape, where it inclines downwards, as above described, I make at the lower
end of the incline to bear down closely along its centre on to the surface of a
supporting bed or plate which is below it. The bed is narrower than the tape, and
the side guide plates which are at the two sides I make to come down on to the
side edges of the tape so as to hold the tape at its sides at the exact level of or
below the surface of the bed and keep the tape close against the edges of the guide
plates so that no type can get between them.
In order that the continuous line of type set up by the setting machine may be
separated into lines of the required length, and the lines be delivered one after the
other into the compartments of a receiving galley, I use special spaces to divide
the continuous line into lines of proper length as described in the Specification of
a Patent granted to me No. 21128.
To indicate to the operator the times when it is necessary for him to cause these
special spaces to be set up into the line of type in the receiving-channel, I use
indicating mechanism which is an improvement on the indicator mechanism described
in the Specification of the before mentioned Patent No. 21128 of 1890 for shewing
the operator the length of each line as it is being set up and for causing a bell to

page_text: be sounded when the line is nearly completed, and therefore when it is nearly time
for him to cause a dividing space to be set up in the channel.
I divide the type into classes of different thicknesses, and for each class provide
an electro magnet for giving movement to the mechanism of the indicator, as
described in the Specification above mentioned-but in place of the movement of
the magnet. armatures giving more or less motion to a rock shaft, and so to pawls
used for driving ratchet wheels on the indicator axis. I cause arms on the arma-
ture axes to be coupled by wires to a series of thin parallel slides. One slide for
each magnet armature. When any armature is attracted by its magnet the slide
to which it is coupled is drawn in one direction, a spring draws it in the opposite
direction. The slides are ranged side by side below a friction roller on the end of
a rod which is drawn downwards by the action of a spring.
Each slide is formed with an inclined or cam edge which when the slide is
drawn endwise by the action of its electro magnet, acts against the friction roller
and shifts the rod end wise. The rod carries a number of spring teeth or pawls
which engage with racks of ratchet teeth on a vertical sliding bar and lifts the bar
a distance each time that any one or other of the armatures is attracted by its
magnet.
To hold the racks each time in the exact position into which they are raised, I
employ a roller covered with india rubber, which is pressed by a spring tightly
against the teeth of the racks. The spring pressure keeps the racks from falling,
or from being driven too far upwards by momentum, whilst the roller allows the
racks to be moved upwards easily by the slides.
The rack bar carries an indicator hand or pointer to indicate on a scale the
length of each line as it is being set up.
Three or more fine cut racks may be used side by side very slightly.in advance
one of another-so as to be equivalent to a rack of very fine gauge, and by using
also a number of spring teeth or pawls the distance to which the racks can be
raised can be regulated to the greatest nicety. As the ends of the catches are
uneven to the teeth, sometimes one will catch, sometimes another, in the rack teeth,
and serve to lift the rack when the rod which carries the pawl is raised. It will
therefore always happen that ope pawl will be in a position to raise the rack
immediately that the rod commences to rise.
The contacts for the magnets I arrange in the manner described in the above
mentioned Specification No. 21128⁰⁰.
Similar indicator mechanism is used for registering the number of spaces placed
into each line and as it is necessary also for the thickness of the spaces to be
registered on the dial which indicates the length of the line-the wire from the
armature of the space magnet is coupled to two slides-one slide moves the dial
for indicating the thickness-the other for recording the number of spaces.
When a line is completed and the special spaces are caused to be delivered at
the end of the line, a circuit is caused to be completed through the coils of an
electro magnet the armature of which has an arm extending from it which when
the armature is attracted presses back the pawls and the roller above mentioned
out of contact with the racks-the racks carrying the pointers then drop and bring
the pointers back to zero position.
A bell is caused to ring just before sufficient type for a line have been liberated
and again when sufficient have been liberated-a projection from the rack slide
coming against spring contacts completes circuits to effect this.
A contact can also be so arranged that when the rack slide which carries the
index hand has been raised to some predetermined height above the proper height
for one line the circuits for the electro magnets used for delivering type from the
reservoirs of the setting machine shall all be broken and so no more type can be
delivered into that line until the special spaces have been inserted and the rack
bar carrying the index hand so allowed to drop.
Instead of using inclines or cam surfaces on endway moving slides to raise the
rod which carries the spring teeth or pawls, the inclines or cam surfaces may be

page_text: upon discs or arms which can be rocked around a pin or axis. Each disc or arm
being arranged to be rocked in one direction when the armature to which it is
coupled by a wire is attracted and rocked in the opposite direction by the action
of a spring.
:
The extent to which each disc can be rocked may be limited by a projection
upon it coming against fixed stops which may he made readily adjustable.
This construction admits of the apparatus being made in a very compact form.
For example alternate discs may be pulled from magnets ranged at one side of the
pin or axis and the others from magnets on the opposite side. Or the magnets may
if desired be in three or more sets in three different positions.
The indicator hereinbefore described can be worked with or without magnets in
conjunction with other type setting machines. Where magnets are not employed
keys that liberate types of one thickness would be connected with bars that act
on the particular wedge or cam which registers the thickness of the letter registered.
For example the keys which liberate "n," "u," "p," "d," when depressed may all
strike a bar which controls one cam or wedge whilst keys controlling "1,' “¡‚”°«f,”
&c. would strike a bar controlling another cam or wedge.
Dated this 17th day of February 1809
66
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Setting Machinery.
I, JOHN HOOKER of Lancaster Place Station Road, Beccles in the County of
Suffolk, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
In type setting machinery such for example as described in the Specification of
a former Patent granted to me No. 477 in the year 1874 all the type as they are
ejected one by one from the type reservoirs are conveyed on to one endless
travelling tape which carries them to the place where they are to be set up side by
side into line. Hitherto the band has as described in the above mentioned
Specification delivered the type on to a short inclined metal shoot over which they
slid endwise into the receiving channel and were then pushed sidewise along the
chaunel by a continuously reciprocating pusher acting against their sides. With
this construction it sometimes happens if the type is dirty or the atmosphere damp
that the type get retarded in their passage over this metal shoot and this leads to
blocks and stoppages. To remedy this I do away with the shoot and bring the tape
to within the same distance of the column of type in the receiver as the end of the
shoot previously was making the endless tape to turn around a small roller at this
point.
The tape may incline downwards in one continuous slope to the small roller above
mentioned from the last place where any type can be deposited on to it or preferably
it is made to descend in two drops.
Just as each type drops on to the top of the column of type in the receiving
channel its tail end which is foremost comes against the free lower end of a light
inclined plate which at its upper end can turn freely upon a fixed pin. This plate,
as described in the Specification above mentioned, arrests somewhat the forward
movement of the type, and should the pusher be in its foremost position so that the
tail end of the type strikes against the side of the pusher it prevents the type from
rebounding, and, pressing down upon its tail end, holds it in a position parallel with
the other type in the channel, so that it may readily drop into the channel when
the pusher next recedes. To further cusure that the type shall be held in this
position, should it from any cause rebound I provide a light lever arm held up by
a spring or weight into a position to support the head of the type and prevent it
from dropping to too great an extent,

page_text: The tape, where it inclines downwards, as above described, I make at the lower
end of the incline to bear down closely along its centre on to the surface of a
supporting bed or plate which is below it. The bed is narrower than the tape and
the side guide plates which are at the two sides I make to come down on to the
side edges of the tape so as to hold the tape at its sides at the exact level of or
below the surface of the bed and keep the tape close against the edges of the guide
plates so that no type can get between them."
In order that the continuous line of type set up by the setting machine may be
separated into lines of the required length and the lines be delivered one after the
other into the compartments of a receiving galley I use special spaces to divide the
continuous line into lines of proper length as described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me No. 211280.
To indicate to the operator the times when it is necessary for him to cause these
special spaces to be set up into the line of type in the receiving channel, I use
indicating mechanism which is an improvement on the indicator mechanism
described in the Specification of the before mentioned Patent No. 21128 of 1890
for shewing the operator the length of each line as it is being set up and for causing
a bell to be sounded when the line is nearly completed and therefore when it is
nearly time for him to cause a dividing space to be set up in the channel.
I divide the type into classes of different thicknesses, and for each class provide
an electro magnet for giving movement to the mechanism of the indicator, as
described in the Specification above mentioned-but in place of the movement of
the magnet armatures giving more or less motion to a rock shaft and so to pawls
used for driving ratchet wheels on the indicator axis. I cause arms on the armature
axes to be coupled by wires to a series of thin parallel slides. One slide for each
magnet armature. When any armature is attracted by its magnet the slide to
which it is coupled is drawn in one direction a spring draws it in the opposite
direction. The slides are ranged side by side below a friction roller on the end of
a rod which is drawn downwards by the action of a spring.
Each slide is formed with an inclined or cam edge which when the slide is drawn
endwise by the action of its electro magnet, acts against the friction roller and
shifts the rod end wise. The rod carries a number of spring teeth or pawls which
engage with racks of ratchet teeth on a vertical sliding bar and lifts the bar a
distance each time that any one or other of the armatures is attracted by its
magnet.
To hold the racks each time in the exact position into which they are raised I
employ a roller covered with india rubber which is pressed by a spring tightly
against the teeth of the racks. The spring pressure keeps the racks from falling
or from being driven too far upwards by momentum whilst the roller allows the
racks to be moved upwards easily by the slides.
The rack bar carries an indicator hand or pointer to indicate on a scale the
length of each line as it is being set up.
Three or more fine cut racks may be used side by side very slightly in advance
one of another-so as to be equivalent to a rack of very fine gauge and by using
also a number of spring teeth or pawls the distance to which the racks can be raised
can be regulated to the greatest nicety. As the ends of the catches are uneven to the
teeth sometimes one will catch sometimes another in the rack teeth and serve to
lift the rack when the rod which carries the pawl is raised. It will therefore
always happen that one pawl will be in a position to raise the rack immediately
that the rod commences to rise.
The contacts for the magnets I arrange in the manner described in the above
mentioned Specification No. 21128⁰⁰.
Similar indicator mechanism is used for registering the number of spaces placed
into each line and as it is necessary also for the thickness of the spaces to be
registered on the dial which indicates the length of the line-the wire from the
armature of the space magnet is coupled to two slides-one slide moves the pointer
for indicating the thickness-the other for recording the number of spaces.

page_text: When a line is completed and the special spaces are caused to be delivered at the
end of the line a circuit is caused to be completed through the coils of an electro
magnet the armature of which has an arm extending from it which when the
armature is attracted presses back the pawls and the roller above mentioned out of
contact with the racks-the racks carrying the pointers then drop and bring the
pointers back to zero position.
A bell is caused to ring just before sufficient type for a line have been liberated
and again when sufficient have been liberated-a projection from the rack slide
coming against spring contacts completes circuits to effect this.
A contact can also be so arranged that when the rack slide which carries the
index hand has been raised to some predetermined height above the proper height
for one line the circuits for the electro magnets used for delivering type from the
reservoirs of the setting machine shall all be broken and so no more type can be
delivered into that line until the special spaces have been inserted and the rack bar
carrying the index hand so allowed to drop.
Instead of using inclines or cam surfaces on endway moving slides to raise the
rod which carries the spring teeth or pawls the inclines or cam surfaces may be
upon discs or arms which can be rocked around a pin or axis. Each disc or arm
being arranged to be rocked in one direction when the armature to which it is
coupled by a wire is attracted and rocked in the opposite direction by the action of
a spring.
The extent to which each disc can be rocked, may be limited by a projection upon
it coming against fixed stops which may be made readily adjustable.
This construction admits of the apparatus being made in a very compact form.
For example alternate discs may be pulled from magnets ranged at one side of the
pin or axis and the others from magnets on the opposite side. Or the magnets may
if desired be in three or more sets in three different positions.
The indicator hereinbefore described can be worked with or without magnets in
conjunction with other type setting machines. Where magnets are not employed
keys that liberate types of one thickness would be connected with bars that act on
the particular wedge or cam which registers the thickness of the letter registered.
For example the keys which liberate "n." "u." "p." "d," when depressed may all
strike a bar which controls one cam or wedge whilst keys controlling "1,” “i,” “f,”
&c. would strike a bar controlling another cam or wedge.
My improvements are shewn in the drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 is a diagram plan view of the whole machine.
"
Figures 2 and 3 are side and plan views on a larger scale of the mechanism for
setting up the type in line.
Figure 2× is a section through the line a b Figure 2.
Figures 4 to 8 shew the indicator. mechanism for indicating to the operator the
length of each line as it is being set up.
Figure 4 is a side view and Figure 5 a plan with some of the parts removed.
Figure 6 an opposite side elevation of some of the parts.
Figure 7 is an elevation with the front removed of part of the casing of the
the niechanism and contact mechanism carried within it.
Figure 8 is a plan with the top removed.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the trough which contains the slides.
Figure 4B is a cross section through the line c-d Figure 4ª.
Figures 9 to 12 show a modification in which plates rocking on axes are used
instead of end way moving slides.
In Figure 1A are type reservoirs, A¹ continuously running endless tapes passing
below the reservoirs, one for each reservoir. A' an endless tape on to which the
tapes A¹ deliver any type that is deposited on to thein from the type reservoirs A.
The tape A² conveys the type to mechanism hereinafter described which sets them
up into one continuous line. The type are as described in my former Patent
ejected one by one from the type reservoirs by the action of electro magnets A³
whenever an electric circuit is completed through their coils. The electric circuit

page_text: is completed through the coil of any magnet by the operator touching with a
metallic point Z which is coupled to one pole of a battery one or other of a number
of insulated contact plates Aeach of which is coupled to one end of the coil of one
or other of the magnets-the other ends of the coils of all the magnets being coupled
to the other pole of the battery. When the armature of any one or other of the
magnets is thereby caused to be attracted an electric circuit is also completed
through one or other of the electro magnets of the indicator mechanism A.
In Figures 2 and 3 which shew the mechanism for setting up the type into line
as they pass off from the endless tape A'. B is the channel into which the type
are delivered by the endless tape. C is a constantly reciprocated pusher which
pushes the type down this channel.
D is a small roller, around which the endless band passes in close proximity to
the channel B. Where the tape inclines downwards as shewn to pass to the
roller D it is made to bear down upon a small supporting plate D' below it. This
plate is narrower than the tape and the guide plates D'D' which are at this point
on either side of the tape 1 make to project over the edges of the tape and
preferably I make them to slightly bend downwards the edges of the tape as
shewn so as to hold the tape at its sides at the exact level of or below the surface
of the supporting plate D¹ and thereby prevent any of the type getting between the
tape and the side guide plates D' D³. D' is a light plate which bears upon the
tail end of the uppermost type in the channel B. D' is a small weighted lever to
support the head of the type should the type rebound to such an extent as to tend
to drop from the channel.
I will now describe the mechanism shewn at Figures 4 to 8 which is for
indicating to the operator the length of each line as it is being set up.
To divide the continuous line of type set up by the composing machine into lines
of the required length I use special spaces. The indicating mechanism is for
indicating to him the times when it is necessary for him to cause these special
spaces to be set up in line with the other type.
In Figures 4 to 8 E are the electro magnets through the coil of one or other of
which an electric circuit is completed whenever a type is ejected from one or
other of the type reservoirs as above described and as is also described in my
former Patent. El are the magnet armatures carried by axes E' on each axis is
an arm E³ connected by a wire E with a thin slide E. The slides are all side by
side parallel with one another and kept in place between two fixed parallel
plates E. The slides are of different lengths and each has upon its rear end a
projection E to which one or other of the wires E is connected. Each slide is
also pressed forwards by the end of a coiled spring E3 bearing upon its projection E'.
The other end of each spring is attached to a tube E' which the spring surrounds.
The tubes are supported upon rods E10 which stand out from the plates E. By
turning the tubes around the rods the force with which the springs press the slides
forwards can be adjusted and the rods can then be held by screw pins E" passed
through them and screwed into a fixed plate E" below them.
One of the slides E' is coupled to a separate slide E" for a reason hereinafter
explained. E are arms on the axes E to act as stops and prevent the
armatures E' from being jerked too far away from the magnets.
E is a stop to prevent the slides from being jerked too far forwards by the
springs E and E is a stop to prevent their being drawn too far in the opposite
direction by the action of the electro magnets. The slides will therefore always be
moved to and fro a uniforın definite distance.
Each slide has an inclined surface E" cut upon it-these inclines are at different
angles on the several slides. Resting upon the inclines is a roller F¹ which is at
the lower end of a vertical slide F-this slide is constantly pressed downwards by
a coiled spring. In place of using a number of slides which are all moved an equal
distance but have different inclines upon them a single incline moved different
distances by the various magnets might be used. F' are spring pawls carried by
an arm F¼ jointed to the slide F and acted on by a spring F to cause the spring

page_text: pawls to engage with the ratchet teeth of narrow racks G¹ which are fixed on a
vertical slide G.
H is a roller covered with vulcanized india rubber and pressed against the
racks G by a spring H' acting against the arm H which carries the roller.
Whenever any one of the slides E' is drawn endwise by the action of one of the
electro magnets the slide F is raised a distance depending upon the angle of the
incline E on that slide. The pawls F raise the slide G a corresponding distance
the roller H offering no impediment to the slide being moved in this direction.
When the slide E' is moved back to its former position by its spring E" the slide F
is drawn down again by the spring but the slide G is upheld by the ratchet teeth
of the racks G holding to the surface of the roller H. The slide G carries an
index hand G which shews on a fixed scale the height to which the slide has
been raised and this shews the lengths of type set up in the line.
The slide E which is coupled to and moves with one of the slides E' has an
incline upon it to act against a roller J' on the lower end of a slide J. The slide
is drawn downwards by a spring J it also carries spring pawls J which engage
with the ratchet teeth of racks K₁ on a slide K. When the slide J is raised by
reason of the slide E" being drawn endwise the slide K is raised with it. When
the slide J is drawn down again the slide K remains upheld by pawls K³-pawls
can be used for upholding this slide because at each movement it is always moved
a uniform distance. The slide J carries an index hand or pointer J' which shews
on a fixed scale L the height to which the slide K has been raised and this depends
upon the number of spaces that have been put into the line.
The movement of the slide E to which the slide E" is attached consequently
moves both pointers-and records on one scale the insertion of a space and on the
other it shews the extent to which the line has been lengthened by the insertion of
that space. In order to give warning when the length of line is nearly completed
the upper end of the slide G which carries the pointer that indicates the length of
line has a block G of non-conducting material attached to it. When the line is
approaching completion the top of this block comes against a light spring M which
by the wire M is coupled to one pole of a battery. When the spring has in this
way been raised a short distance it comes into contact with a metal arm N which
at one end has a boss N' upon it which can turn freely around a rod N' and at the
other a weight N'. The boss N' is eccentric and forms a stop to prevent the
weight dropping too far and normally keeps the arm N out of contact with
the spring M. The rod N' is through the metallic plate N' and insulated wire N°
put into electrical connection with a metallic plate No. A spring contact piece N'
carried by the cover of the casing is in contact with the plate N and through the
insulated wire N is coupled to one end of the coil N° of an electric bell, the other
end of the coil is similarly coupled to a spring contact piece N1 which bears
against a plate N". This plate is by the insulated wire N coupled to a plate N1
against which rests a spring contact piece N which is coupled to the other pole of
the battery. When therefore the spring M is brought into contact with the arm N
the battery circuit is completed through the coil of the electric bell and the
hammer N carried by the armature N of the electro magnet is caused to strike
the bell N" and each time that the slide F is afterwards raised the weighted
arm N is jerked upwards out of contact with the spring M and the circuit is
thereby momentarily broken and then again remade when the arm drops and so the
bell is again rung.
If after the line has been made of proper length the compositor still goes on
adding type to the line instead of (as he ought to do) inserting the two special
spaces which are to divide it from the next line as described in my former Patent
the slide F gets raised higher and higher until a projection G on the insulating
block G comes against an arm M which can turn freely around the rod that
carries the spring M¹ and consequently is in electrical connection with one pole of
the battery and raises this arm against a weighted arm O. This arm is in electrical
connection with the other pole of the battery through the plate O¹, insulated

page_text: wire 0³, plate O³ spring contact piece O' and through the coil of an electro
magnet (see Figure 1).
When the circuit is completed through the coil of this magnet the armature of
the magnet is attracted and a contact piece 0" which it comes against is drawn
away from a fixed contact 07 and so the battery circuits for the electro magnets A³
used for delivering type from the reservoirs of the composing machine cannot be
completed and no more type can be delivered into the line until the vertical slides G
and K have been dropped to their zero position.
The dropping of the slides G and K is caused to take place when the two special
spaces which are to divide one line from the next are delivered from the reservoirs
of the composing machine in which they are held. To be able to do this the
battery circuit used for delivering type from the type reservoirs must be again
completed-this is done by the operator lifting the weighted arm O and holding it
away from the arm M³ so breaking the battery circuit through the electro
magnet 0 (see Figure 1) and allowing the contact pieces 0 0" again to come
together. At the same time the operator touches with his metallic pointer the
contact plate which has to be touched to complete an electric circuit through the
coil of the magnet which causes a special space to be ejected from the reservoir.
As the special space is ejected a contact is made which completes an electric circuit
through the coils of an electro magnet P of the indicator mechanism.
The axis P of the armature of this magnet carries as is best seen in Figure 6
an arm P which has upon it four projections P P P P. The projection P
bears against a shoulder on the arm H which carries the roller H and forces this
roller back away from the racks G¹. The projection P bears against the arm F*
which carries the spring pawls F2 and moves the pawls away from the racks, so
leaving the slide G free to drop-and similarly the projections P. Po press back the
pawls J and K and allow the slide K to drop. Afterwards when the circuit
through the coils of the magnet P is broken the armature is drawn away from the
magnet by the spring P' and the several pawls return to their normal position
ready to come into action for recording the length of the next line.
In place of constructing the indicator mechanism with endway moving slides E'
these slides E³ might be made all to rock on one axis E*. This allows of the
magnets E being set in different planes as indicated in Figures 9 to 12, instead of
in a straight line as in Figures 4 to 8.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improvements in mechanism for setting type into line substantially as
described with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
2. The combination of the several endway moving or rocking slides one for each
thickness of type, or a single slide moved different distances, mechanism for moving
one or other of these slides each time that a type is ejected from one or other of
the type reservoirs of the setting up machine, inclines or cam surfaces on the slides
and mechanism acted on by these inclines or cam surfaces giving movement to an
indicator hand each time that one or other of the slides is moved."
3. The arrangement of contact mechanism for giving warning when a line is
approaching the proper length substantially as described.
4. The arrangement of mechanism for stopping the delivery of type from the
machine if any line is made of too great a length substantially as described.
5. The arrangement of the mechanism for setting the slides of the indicator
mechanism back to zero.
6. The general construction and arrangement of indicating mechanism substan-
tially as described with reference to Figures 4 to 12.
Dated this 8th day of November 1892.