IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR POLISHING YARN AND THREAD
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Godfrey Ermen and Anthony Ermen, both of
Ecclcs, and of the City of Manchester, both in the County of
Lancaster, Thread Manufacturers and Polishers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR POLISHING YARN AND
THREAD."
Scaled the 18th November 1873, and dated the 1st October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Godfrey Ermen and
Anthony Ermen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st October 1873.
We, GODFREY ERMEN and ANTHONY ERMEN, both of Eccles, and of
the City of Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster, Thread
Manufacturers and Polishers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR POLISHING
YARN AND THREAD," to be as follows :—
Our Invention consists in certain improved combinations of machinery

page_text: The yarn or thread is supplied to the machine from bobbins or a beam
or in the form of a warp, and is afterwards wound or laid on other
bobbins or a beam, as herein-after mentioned.
The yarn or thread after leaving the first mentioned bobbins or beam
and being sized is taken over a revolving brush, which is provided with
a concentric cage or case carrying wires oxtending across the brush, and
which cago revolves more slowly than the brush, and as it revolves the
wires lift up the yarn or thread out of the bristles at intervals. The
yarn or thread then passes over one or more similarly arranged revolving
brushes, and it is then taken over a friction drum provided with one or
more pressing rollers covered with flannel or other suitable material, or
revolving or stationary brushes. The friction drum and rollers revolve
faster than the yarn or thread, which is then taken between rollers, and
is thence delivered to and wound on the receiving bobbins or beam. The
position or order of the revolving brushes and friction drum and rollers
may be varied.
When an extra polish is desired we proceed as follows:-Whilst the
yarn or thread is being wound on the receiving bobbins or beam it is
again subject to the action of a rapidly revolving brush or brushes or
roller or rollers covered with flannel or other suitable material, the point
of contact of the brushes or rollers being against the yarn or thread
whilst winding on the bobbin or beam in order that the further
polishing may be given when the yarn or thread is supported by a rigid
surface.
The apparatus above described for improving the polish may be
applied separately to yarn or thread whilst being wound from one bobbin
or beam on to another, and the polishing brush or roller may be applied
to either or both of the bobbins or beams on to which the yarn is being
wound or from which it is being unwound.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 30
filed by the said Godfrey Ermen and Anthony Ermen in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 31st March 1874.

page_text: chester, both in the County of Lancaster, Thread Manufacturers and
Polishers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Godfrey Ermen and Anthony Ermen,
Her special licence that we, the said Godfrey Ermen and Anthony Ermen,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Godfrey Ermen and Anthony Ermen, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
5 and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR POLISHING YARN AND THREAD," upon the condition (amongst
others), that we, the said Godfrey Ermen and Anthony Ermen, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Godfrey Ermen and Anthony
5 Ermen, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :—
Our Invention consists in certain improved combinations of machinery
or mechanical agents for polishing yarn and thread while in single
threads or in the warp.
The yarn or thread is supplied to the machine from bobbins or a beam
or in the form of a warp, and is afterwards wound or laid collectively or
separately on other bobbins or a beam, or cach yarn or thread on a
separate bobbin.
5 The yarn or thread after leaving the first mentioned bobbins or beam
and being sized is acted upon by one or more revolving brushes, and
then by one or more friction drums provided with one or more pressing

page_text: rollers covered with flannel or other suitablo material, or revolving or
stationary brushes. The revolving brushes and friction rollers revolve
faster than the yarn or thread, which is thence delivered to and wound
on the receiving bobbins or beam. The position or order of the revolving
brushes and friction drum and rollers may be varied.
The revolving polishing brushes may be provided with a concentric
cage carrying wires extending across the brush longitudinally, which
cago revolves more slowly than the brush, and as it revolves the wires
lift the yarn or thread out of the bristles at intervals.
When an extra polish is desired we proceed as follows:-Whilst the 1
yarn or thread is being wound on the receiving bobbins or beam it is
again subjected to the action of a rapidly revolving brush or brushes
or roller or rollers covered with flannel or other suitable material, tho
point of contact of the brushes or rollers being against the yarn or
thread whilst winding on the bobbin or beam in order that the further 1
polishing may be given when the yarn or thread is supported by a rigid
surface.
The apparatus above described for improving the polish may be applied
separately to yarn or thread whilst being wound from one bobbin or
beam on to another, and the polishing brush or roller may be applied to 2
either or both of the bobbins or beams on to which the yarn is being
wound or from which it is being unwound.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation we will proceed to describe the two accompanying
Drawings, which represent in section our improved machinery or 2
apparatus for polishing yarn and thread.
The line a represents the yarn or thread which is supplied to the
machine from a creel of bobbins or from a beam or in the form of a
warp. The yarns or threads are sized in passing between the ordinary
size rollers b, b, b, the lower rollers revolving as usual in the size trough c. 3
After the yarns or threads have been sized they are guided between the
dents of the reed d and carried under the first polishing brush c. Tho
object of the reed is to separate the yarns or threads from each other
before they are acted upon by the polishing brushes e, four of which are
shewn in the Drawing, but their number may be increased or reduced. 8
The yarns or threads pass from under the brush e over the guide roller f,
then under the second brush e, and over the second guide roller f to the

page_text: third brush e. After leaving this brush tho yarns or threads pass over
another guide roller f, and then between the friction rollers g and h,
the circumferences of which are of wood or metal, and either covered
with flannel or other suitable material or uncovered, and they move
5 considerably faster than the yarns or threads. These friction rollers
produce a polishing and drying action due to the heat generated by the
friction. The yarns or threads then pass over the guide roller ƒ between
the friction roller i and the stationary brush j, and from thence to the
fourth polishing brush e. The guido rollers f are all supported in
adjustable bearings, and by varying their positions the friction on the
yarn or thread can be regulated. After leaving the last polishing brush
the yarns or threads pass under the guide roller k, and they are then
wound on the receiving bobbin or bobbins or beam resting upon the
friction lap rollers m, m.
When an extra polish is desired we apply the revolving brush n or a
roller covered with flannel or other suitablo material to act on the yarns
or threads while they are being wound on the bobbins or beam 2, and
this brush or roller revolves rapidly in the swivel frame o, which is acted
upon by the weighted cord p or other equivalent to press the brush
against the yarns or threads when they are supported by the rigid
surface of the receiving bobbin or beam. The polishing brush or rollern
may be applied to the yarns or threads while they are being wound from
one bobbin or beam to another, and either to the unwinding or winding.
on beam, or to both.
The yarns or threads are drawn from the sizing rollers 6 by the friction
of the lap rollers m, m, and these rollers are driven by a side shaft and
bevel wheels or in any other convenient manner. The polishing brushes
e, e, and the friction rollers g, h, and i are driven so that their circum-
ferences may move at a greater speed than tho yarns or threads by
bands or straps and pulleys, or in any other convenient manner, and the
polishing brush or roller n is driven by a band or strap from the fulcrum
of the swing frame o.
On Sheet 2 we have shewn a modification of our Invention. The
parts marked a, b, c, d, e, l, m, n, o, and p are similar to those above
described and shewn in Sheet 1. In Sheet 2 the yarns or threads after
they are sized and separated by passing through the reed d are taken
over and under the polishing brushes e, each of which is provided with

page_text: a concentric cage carrying wires extending across the brush and secured
at cach end in a disc loose on the axle of the roller. The yarns or
threads in passing from one wire to the other are lifted out of and
dipped into the bristles of the polishing brushes, and as the circum-
ferences of these brushes move faster than the yarns or threads they
produce a polishing and drying action.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention and described a
convenient mode of carrying the same into operation, we wish to remark
that we do not intend to limit ourselves to the arrangements shewn nor
to the details given, as they may, be considerably varied or modified, and 1
that what we claim as our Invention is,―
First. The improved arrangement of the polishing brushes and rollers,
as shewn and described in reference to Sheet 1.
Secondly. The application of friction rollers in combination with each
other or with stationary or revolving brushes, as shewn and described in 1
reference to Sheet 1.
Thirdly. The application of the guide rollers ƒ between polishing or
friction rollers, as shewn in Sheet 1.
12
Fourthly. The application of the brush or roller marked n for polishing
the yarn or thread as it is being wound or unwound, on or from the
receiving or delivering bobbin, bobbins, or beam, and when supported
on a rigid surface, as shown and described.
And, lastly. The application of a cage or other equivalent to the
polishing brush by which the yarns or threads are alternately lifted out
of the bristles and again dipped into them, as shewn and described in
reference to Sheet 2.
In witness whereof, we, the said Godfrey Ermen and Anthony
Ermen, have hereto set our hands and scals, this Twenty-
eighth day of March One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
LATIN
GODFREY ERMEN. (L.s.)
ANTHONY ERMEN. (L.S.)