IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAIN WHEELS FOR VELOCIPEDES AND IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF PITCH CHAINS TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM MORGAN of Cannon Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAIN WHEELS FOR VELOCIPEDES AND IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF PITCH CHAINS TO BE USED THEREWITH," to bo as follows:-
My invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in certain
parts of velocipedes, and in appliances or apparatus to be used therewith; and my
said invention consists in producing or forming the chain wheels by which the said
velocipedes are driven, from sheet metal, and further in producing chain by which
motion generated from the pedal or other source of power, is transferred to a
distance or to the driving wheel or wheels of the machine.
My invention consists first, in forming or constructing the toothed chain wheels
of velocipedes, from sheet steel or other hard metal or alloy, by shaping and corru-
gating discs of the desired conformation into sides or half wheels; which are con-
nected together by a central bush, passing through eyes or openings in the centre
of the discs; the binding or clamping together of the two half sides being effected
by rivetting or spreading the metal of the face of both sides of the bush over
corrugated washers threaded upon its ends. The cylinder of the bush is provided
with ribs running in the direction of its axis, which take into the corrugations on
the inner faces of the discs forming the wheels; so that when the ribs lie within
the corrugations the sides are prevented from rotating; that is, the chain wheels
which transfer motion by means of chain gearing are constructed essentially of
shells of corrugated metal, stamped or raised into the desired form with teeth
running around the periphery; so that, when two of the discs are placed with their
concavities, or coincident corrugations face to face, with a metal bush rivetted on
either of their sides, a toothed chain wheel is produced having perfect teeth running
around the periphery of the wheel, while the teeth and body of the said wheel are
bollow, which give great strength, rigidity and lightness to the wheel produced,
besides saving considerable cost incidental in its manufacture or production.
When the wheels herein before referred to, are produced from one disc of metal,
I prefer to make the corrugations which constitute the arms and body of equal

page_text: depth on each or on both sides of the body of the wheel. The teeth or projections
required on the periphery of the wheel, are also fashioned by stamping an annular
metal ring separately into half teeth which is afterwards affixed on the outside
edges of the wheel by rivetting or otherwise; a solid bush or centre for receiving
the axis being affixed by turning over one of its ends against washers or collars, as
the case may be or as before described.
The herein before described wheels may be finished by galvanizing, soldering or
otherwise.
The chain to be employed for driving chain wheels, consists, in shaping or
fashioning wire into links of a somewhat rectangular figure having the terminal
ends coiled into a helical boss on the one end of the link to be formed; that is, a
wire or strip of any desirable section is bent into a U form, while its terminal ends
are coiled into a helical boss which encloses the rectangular form made by the sides
and ends of the link. The boss or coil forms the centre within which the end of
the next link turns and is engaged, so that by connecting together links as
described by passing the plain end of one link through the centre of the coil or
boss, a continuous chain is thereby formed In the centre of the coils or bosses,
I prefer to employ hollow steel bushes or linings, which greatly strengthen and
reduco the wearing of the parts in contact; and upon the helical coils or bosses
antifriction rollers may be placed for giving a rolling motion to the chain when in
use. Or the helical boss may be made by coiling wire from the centre instead of
from the ends as described.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
T, WILLIAM MORGAN of Cannon Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAIN WHEELS FOR VELOCIPEDES AND IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF PITCH CHAINS TO BE USED THEREWITH," and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in certain parts
of Velocipedes, and my said invention consists in producing or forming the chain
wheels by which the said Velocipedes aro driven, from sheet metal and further in
producing chain by which motion generated from the pedal or other source of
power, is transferred to a distance, or to the driving wheel or wheels of a machine.
My invention consists first in forming or constructing the toothed chain wheels
of Velocipedes from sheet steel or other hard metal or alloy by shaping and
corrugating discs of the desired conformation into sides or half wheels which are
connected together by a central bush passing through eyes or openings in the centre
of the discs, the binding or clamping together of the two half sides being effected
by rivetting or spreading the metal of the face of both sides of the bush ovor
corrugated washers threaded upon its ends-The cylinder of the bush is provided
with ribs running in the direction of its axis which take into the corrugations on
the inner faces of the discs forming the wheels; so that when the ribs lie within
the corrugations the sides are prevented from rotating, that is, the chain wheels
which transfer motion by means of chain gearing, are constructed essentially of
shells of corrugated metal stamped or raised into the desired form with teeth
running around the periphery; so that when two of the discs are placed with their
concavities, or coincident corrugations face to face with a metal bush rivetted on
either of their sides, a toothed chain wheel is produced having perfect teeth running
around the periphery of the wheel, while the teeth and body of the said wheel are
hollow which give great strength, rigidity and lightness to the wheel produced
besides saving considerable cost incidental in its manufacture or production.
When the wheels herein before referred to are produced from one disc of metal,
I prefer to make the corrugations which constitute the arms and body of equal
depth on each or on both sides of the body of the wheel-The teeth or projections
required on the periphery of the wheel, are also fashioned by stamping an annular
metal ring separately into half teeth which is afterwards affixed on the outside
edges of the wheel by rivetting or otherwise a solid bush or centre for receiving the
axis being affixed by turning over one of its ends against washers or collars as the
case may be or as before described.
The herein before described wheels may be finished by galvanizing, soldering or
otherwise.
The chain to be employed for driving chain wheel consists in shaping or
fashioning wire into links of a somewhat rectangular figuro having the terminal

page_text: coiled into a helical boss on the one end of the link to be formed; that is, a wire or
strip of any desirable section is bent into a U form, while its terminal ends are
coiled into a helical boss which encloses the rectangular form made by the sides and
ends of the link-The boss or coil forms the centre within which the end of the
next link turns and is engaged, so that by connecting together links as described
by passing the plain end of one link through the centre of the coil or boss, &
continuous chain is thereby formed-In the centre of the coils or bosses I prefer to
employ hollow steel bushes or linings, which greatly strengthen and reduce the
wearing of the parts in contact, and upon the helical coils or bosses anti-friction
rollers may be placed for giving a rolling motion to the chain when in use-Or the
helical boss may be made by coiling wire from the centre instead of from the ends
as described.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents a Velocipede toothed chain wheel constructed according to
my invention, which said chain wheel is made mainly from sheet steel, by shaping
or corrugating discs of the desired conformation into sides or half wheels-Figure 2
is a transverse vertical section of figure 1-Figure 3 represents one of the sides or
half wheels raised from a disc of sheet metal figure 4-Figure 5 is a transverse
vertical section of figure 3; the said figure 3 shows in end elevation, the central.
bush or hub lying within the corrugations on the inside face of the half wheel-
Figure 6 shows side olevations of the bush or wheel centre, and the connecting
washers Figure 7 represents a section of a wheel made from one disc or sheet of
metal, the sides may be corrugated or ribbed to impart the necessary lateral
strength thereto, the teeth and chain ledges are shaped from sheet metal and the
separate half attached by rivetting or otherwise-Figure 8 is a section of the blank
from which the disc figure 7 is made, the centre or bush of the wheel is raised by
stamping or fashioning the metal situated in the middle of the disc into the desired
shape Figure 9 represents a modification of figure 7-Figure 10 is a side and
front elevation of the eyelet which passes through the piercings in the sides of the
⚫half wheels.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in figures 1 to 10 both
inclusive of the accompanying Drawings.
a a are two half wheels or discs raised from sheet steel or other hard metal-a" is
the eye or opening through which the centre of the wheel passes-a³ a³ are the
teeth of the wheel, and a the ledges on which the driving chain rests-b is the
bush or wheel centre having radial arms 63 which lie in the radial corrugations a³
which give both lateral strength to the wheels and forms a means whereby the hub
or centre is retained in position-cc are washers with countersinks c³ and acollaped
edges c³, the undulations of which lie or seat themselves transversely within the
corrugations raised on the outside faces of the half wheels-d is an eyelet which is
closed over the edges enclosing the piercing a
In constructing the wheel figure 1, two half wheels or sides figure 3 are placed
with their inside faces in juxta position (the teeth corrugations and other parts
being coincident) and having a bush or wheel centre between them, the radial arms
of the latter lying within the radial troughs of the ribs as represented in figure 3,
the ends of the wheel centre or bush protruding through the eyes a² of the
respective sides a a-The washers c are placed on the protruding ends of the wheel
'contres, and the ends of the said wheel centres aro rivetted or turned over or the
metal spread out into the countersinks of the washers, thereby securely and
efficiently connecting the two sides or half wheels together-Eyelets d may be
passed through and closed over the edges of the piercings a" for more securely
binding the half wheels together.
In figure 7, & is the face of the wheel, and d the corrugations is the wheel
centre raised from the solid metal-f is the half teeth raised at the edges of the
disc, and is the separate half tooth and ledge which is attached coincidently to
the other part by brazing or otherwise,

page_text: The herein before described wheels may be finished in any desired way, and they
may also be galvanized or otherwise coated or the parts connected together by
soldering.
Figure 11 represents a pitch driving chain for a Velocipede constructed according
to my invention, the said chain being fashioned or made from wire; that is to say,
a length of wire is taken, and the middle part thereof coiled into a helical boss g
which is upon one end of the link to be formed, while the other part and the
terminal ends of the said wire is formed into links g² of a somewhat rectangular
figure, the junction being at 93-The bosses or coils g form the centres within
which the ends g' of the adjacent links turn and are engaged; so that by
connecting together links as described, by passing the plain into one link through
the centre of the coil or boss-of an adjacent link, a continuous chain is thereby
formed Figure 12 is a side elevation of figure 11-The end link figure 11 is shown
in section to better exhibit the coils-In figure 13 the chain is made by shaping
the wire into links of a rectangular form, and afterwards bending the terminal
ends into coils g, with the junction g³ in its middle or centro as represented-By
arranging the junctions in the middle of the coil or boss great strength is thereby
obtained, with little or no liability to part.
In figures 13 and 14 the bosses are encircled or enclosed by antifriction rollers h
which give a rolling motion to the chain in travelling, or communicating motion to
a distance; it also diminishes the wear of the parts which come in direct contact
with the teeth of the chain wheel-Steel bushes i may also be placed within the
coils to reduce wear-Figure 15 is an edge view of figure 14, and figure 16 is a
separate link of figure 13-In figures 17 and 18 soft or antifriction metal is run
around and between the bosses-Figure 19 is an antifriction roller separately―
Figure 20 represents a chain link in which one end is widened out into a boss form,
while the ends of the adjacent links are turned up into loops or coils over the end
of each widened out part, as represented-Figure 21 is a side elevation of figure 20,
and figure 22 is a modification, the sides of the links being widened out; and
between the widened out parts and encircling the closed end; of each link anti-
friction rollers are arranged.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declaro that what
I claim is
First-The improvements in chain wheels for Velocipedes constructed or made
up essentially of shells or half sides of corrugated or ribbed metal with half toeth
running around the periphery of each shell, the sides being connected and held
together so as to constitute a perfect wheel by a metal bush or wheel centre, the
ends of which are turned over, or rivetted upon countersunk washers on the outer
faces of the wheel, the parts being constructed and arranged as described and
illustrated in figures 1 to 6 both inclusive of the accompanying Drawings; also tho
modifications described and represented in figures 7 and 9.
Secondly Chain wheel centres with radial like arms 62, which provent the half
sides from moving and determines the coincidency of the teeth and ribbed
corrugations, also the washers c. c with the undulation c³ as described and set forth
in figures 1, 2, 3 and 6 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly-The improvements in the construction of pitch chains for driving
velocipedes, consisting of rectangular shaped links with helical bosses or coils
provided with or without steel linings within which coils or linings the ends of the
adjacent links turn and engage; whether the coils be made from the middle, or
from the ends of the wire composing the link as described and illustrated in
figures 11, 12, 13 and 16 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly Chains for velocipedes consisting of rectangular or other shaped links,
with coils or bosses encircled by anti-friction rollers as described and set forth in
figures 13, 14 and 15 of the accompanying Drawings; also the modification

page_text: figures 17, and 18 in which white or anti-friction metal is run between and around
the coils as described and illustrated.
Fifthly Constructing chain links for driving velocipedes described and
represented in the modifications figures 20, 21 and 22 of the accompanying
Drawings.
WILLIAM MORGAN.
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham,
Agent to the Applicant.