matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING OR STAINING FUR, HAIR, OR WOOL ON SKINS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Shiers and Marks Michaels at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1879.
THOMAS SHIERS and MARKS MICHAELS, both of Hoxton, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING OR STAINING
FUR, HAIR, OR WOOL ON SKINS."
This Invention relates to improvements in means and apparatus for dyeing or
staining skins covered with fur, hair, or wool. Hitherto it has been found necessary
when making up skins having fur, hair, or wool of different colours to procure skins
of as many different colours as might be required, and to cut away parts of
one colour to insert by sewing or stitching in the gaps left by the portions cut
away, parts of the other required colours thus occasioning much labour and
expense.
Our Invention obviates this labour and expense, and we carry out and attain
our object by constructing a framework of strong wire of suitable metal, and of any
required size and shape. To one side of this framework we solder or otherwiso
secure one or more metal plates or sheets, parts of which are cut away to any
required shape. These plates or sheets thus secured to the frame are placed upon
the material which it is desired to colour, covering those parts which we do not
wish to colour. In the open spaces formed by the parts cut away we apply certain
dyes, which may be of any required colour or colours, in a similar manner to stencil-
plating.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BOLTING MEAL AND FLOUR, ALSO IN CLEANING GRAIN AND SEEDS, AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Powley Alexander at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1879. A communication
from abroad by Ambroise Millot, of Zurich, in the Republic of Switzerland,
Builder and Merchant.
EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and British and Foreign Patent Agent. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOLTING MEAL AND FLOUR, ALSO IN CLEANING GRAIN AND SEEDS, AND IN
THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN." A communi-
cation from abroad by Ambroise Millot, of Zurich, in the Republic of Switzerland,
Builder and Merchant.
This Invention relates more especially to a peculiar arrangement of machinery or
apparatus for bolting or cleaning fine meal and flour, or grain and seeds by the aid
of exhaustion in conjunction with a novel mode of distributing the meal or other
substance operated upon, the effects of which are of the highest importance.
According to this Invention a stationary vertical cylinder, preferably of conical
form, is employed covered with wire cloth or its equivalent, within which cylinder
the meal, which is fed therein by a hopper at its upper end, is spread or distributed by
means of distributing blades attached radially or otherwise to a vertical revolving
spindle driven in any well known manner, and passing longitudinally down the
centre of the said cylinder. The said rotary blades drive the meal round the interior
of the cylinder, and impel it by the action of centrifugal force through the meshes
of the covering of wire gauze into an annular space which exists between the said
cylinder and an outer fixed casing. Within this space the condensation and draught
of the meal takes place under the action of an exhaust fan ventilator situate just
above the cylinder. The exhaust or suction is regulated by adjustable openings in
the cover of the fan, and the meal of inferior quality issues by a passage in the
upper part of the machine, whilst the sound meal falls to the bottom of the before
mentioned annular space, which at that part becomes narrowed or contracted. It
thence passes to a mouth piece which directs it into the sack, whilst the bran and
coarse meal issue by a separate lateral spout.
Glazed spy holes are provided in the side of the outer casing to facilitate the
observation of the working of the machine.
This machine, which is of most simple construction, produces excellent results,
which are mainly due to the facility afforded for condensing the meal which is

page_text: disseminated over the entire outer surface of the cylinder where the suction or
exhaust is produced in a perfect manner.
One kind only of good and inferior meal is obtained in this machine, and according
to the nature of the meal very little waste occurs. The finest and coarsest meals
and even flour may be successfully treated or cleaned without choking the 5
machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC ROOFING FOR HAY STACKS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Morton and Edward
Handfield Morton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th
April 1879.
FRANCIS MORTON and EDWARD HANDFIELD MORTON, both of the Firm of Francis
Morton and Company, Limited, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and
1, Delahay Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN
METALLIC ROOFING FOR HAY STACKS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
"
This Invention relates to portable roofs for hay stacks and the like.
To make such structures useful they must be so arranged that any agricultural
labourer can erect them without requiring the assistance of skilled labour; that
there shall be as few small loose parts liable to get lost as possible; and that they
can be speedily erected without fear of their being easily torn down by wind or
mischievous boys. With these objects in view we construct our roof of preferably
three lengths of corrugated metal in the transverse section; a central arch and two
side parts preferably curved to the same radius and simply hooked on to it under-
neath. These latter are tied to the stack by wire strands or ropes attached to pegs
or spikes, or other attachments driven into the sides of the stack, or built up with
it. In order to hook the side pieces on to the crown we prefer to rivet a piece of
bar iron to the underside of the ends of the crown plates, and attach hooks to the
upper sides of the lower plates which can be hooked on to these bars; but if
desirable the bars or eyes could be attached to the lower plates, and the hooks or
their equivalents to the upper. We lengthen the roof to any desired extent by
rivetting swivelling links near to one set of corners of the eaves of the plates,
and eyes to the alternate corners; these eyes are let into the links, and S hooks at
the end of the binding down strands hold the whole tight. The links can if
desirable be made rigid, as terminal links of long bars of corrugated strips of thick
iron when it is desirable to strengthen the ends, the upper ends of the side plates
are also strengthened by thick strips of corrugated iron. The crown plates can be
bolted together with screwed pins and winged nuts or other suitable means.
It will be further seen that a roof can be made in this way with five, seven, or
other number of plates in transverse section, by merely hooking on fresh plates to
the ends of those above them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PILE-DRIVING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1879. A
communication from Julius Czepull and Ernst Stavenow, both of Hamburg, in
the German Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PILE-DRIVING MACHINES." A
communication from Julius Czepull and Ernst Stavenow, both of Hamburg, in the
German Empire.
This Invention relates to improvements in machines or apparatus for driving
piles.
The improved pile-driving machinery constructed according to this Invention has
an endless chain placed over toothed wheels at the top and foot of the upright
bean of the machine, and round a chain-drum placed on the bottom part of the
frame. This drum is by means of a pulley and strap brought in connection with a
pulley on the driving shaft of an engine which imparts motion to the machine.
The chain is furnished on its outer side with three cams or hooks which when
the chain is put in motion by its wheels and drums alternately catch behind or
against projections of the monkey of the machine, and lift the latter to the required
height in its guides, when the respoctive cam or hook of the chain separates from
the projection and allows the monkey to drop. After the monkey has completed
one stroke, in consequence of the lifting of one of the cams the following cam of
the chain then catches behind or against the projection on and lifts the monkey
again to the required height, when the latter is again released and drops and is
relifted by the third hook of the revolving chain, and so forth in a continuous
manner.
The chain moves in a guiding recess along the front side of the upright beam
which is lined with sheet iron, and by means of which the necessary guidance is
given to the chain to prevent the cams of the latter from passing the projections of
the monkey instead of catching behind the same.
The machine is furnished with adjustable stops in the monkey guide so as to
arrest the monkey at any required height in the frame, whilst the construction of

page_text: the framework is to be such as to allow of any required inclination being given to
the upright front beam.
Instead of one chain and one monkey this machine can also be constructed with
two or more separate chains and monkeys. The chains may be all placed round
the same chain-drum and be worked from one engine; several piles or palisades 5
can then be driven in at the same time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUOYS OR LIFE-AND-PROPERTY-SAVING-APPARATUS FOR SEA USE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Clayton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1879.
JAMES CLAYTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
BUOYS OR LIFE-AND-PROPERTY-SAVING-APPARATUS FOR SEA USE."
The Invention has for its object a buoy arrangement that can be instantaneously
detached and be always seen at a distanco when thrown into the water; and which
can be employed not merely to save life but to save property too.
It consists, 1st, in a spring clip which by pressure can be instantaneously undone
and the buoy released from the bulwarks.
2nd. In a tubular buoy, preferably made of metel, of an elongated instead of
cylindrical contour, formed of tubes and compartments, so that if one be accidentally
pierced the remainder will float.
At one end is a safe for ships' papers, valuables, and the like, with a watertight
lid screwed down. To one end of the buoy I attach a weight by a clip or other-
wise, capable of being easily detached.
This weight causes the buoy to float in a perpendicular position so that it can be
seen from a distance, but it can be easily detached by any one clinging to tho buoy,
if desired. A metal rail is fixed about an inch from the buoy on each side as a
life line.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS AND THEIR ATTACHMENTS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Booth, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS AND THEIR
ATTACHMENTS.”
Sealed the 12th March 1880, and dated the 15th December 1879.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James Booth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th December 1879.
JAMES BOOTH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manager. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BUTTONS AND THEIR ATTACHMENTS.
My Invention refers to improvements in buttons and their attachments by which
such buttons may be readily secured to the articles for which they are intended
without sewing.
Referring to the Drawings, (a) is an ordinary looped shank button; (b) is a rivet
with a hole through it by which it is hung on the loop shank of the button (a), or
instead of a rivet it may be a second loop shank reversed, closed into a shauk, and
formed into a rivet head at the end; over this rivet head is placed an india rubber
or other elastic washer (c), Figure 4; the shank of the rivet (b) is grooved or
slotted near the head to admit a metal washer (d), Figure 3, which being slipped on
to the shank of the rivet at the groove through the opening (e) in the washer and
then turned round, is prevented from escaping, the india rubber washer assisting
to keep the metal washer in place against the head of the rivet.
In attaching this button for instance, to a boot the rivet piece is passed through
a hole pierced in the leather, the button being then as seen in Figure 5, the india
rubber washer is passed over the rivet head and the metal washer slipped on to
the rivet shank between the india rubber and the rivet head. The whole thus
forming a link shanked button.
Figures 6 and 7 show a modification of the invention differing only from that
already described in that, the rivet shank instead of being closed into one is left
open as a hook, Figure 6, the two washers being attached as before and preventing
the release of the parts as shown in Figure 7.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I claim the above described improvements in
171

page_text: buttons and their attachments, that is to say, a link shanked button secured to the
article for which it is intended by a rivet head and washers as herein more fully
set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Booth, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
JAMES BOOTH. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANufacture of SODA AND POTASH
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brunner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1879.
HENRY BRUNNER, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Alkali Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANufacture of SODA AND POTASH."
In the manufacture of soda and potash by the Leblanc process, I treat vat, red,
or causticized liquor in the manner hereinafter described for the purpose of removing
impurities therefrom, more especially silica, alumina, and iron, so as to obtain
economically either or both of the above mentioned alkalies in a condition of great
purity.
In carrying my Invention into practice I take vat liquor produced in the
ordinary way, or it may be red liquor, or causticized liquor, and add thereto, nitrate
of soda or potash, preferably in solution, or metallic oxides or carbonates, such as
those of zinc, lead, iron, and manganese, for the purpose of removing by oxidation
or decomposition the sulphides contained in the said liquors. Whilst sulphides in
the above mentioned liquor are being acted upon by the nitrates or metallic oxides
or carbonates, or after the action has been completed and the sulphides removed I
subject the said liquors to the action of heat and pressure above that of the atmosphero.
After being subjected to heat and pressure for about an bour, either with or without
agitation, the purified liquor is run off and allowed to settle, and may then be treated
in any ordinary or desired manner for the manufacture of soda ash crystals or caustic
alkali. The metallic oxides or carbonates are added to the solution in a dry state
or in the state of hydrates, or the said oxides may be dissolved in an alkaline
solution.
Ammonia given off during the treatment is, when in sufficient quantity, recovered
in any well known manner as a bye product.
AN IMPROVED PAD OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING INK TO OBLITERATING AND MARKING STAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1879. A communi-
cation from abroad by Félix Alphonse Trocmé, of St. Quentin (Aisne), France,
Merchant.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED PAD OR APPARATUS FOR
GIVING INK TO OBLITERATING AND MARKING STAMPS." A communication from
abroad by Félix Alphonse Trocmé, of St. Quentin (Aisne), France, Merchant.
The damp inking pad or cushion, the subject of this Invention, to be used in
obliterating postage stamps and other stamping is composed of a box, preferably of
cast iron, and of considerable weight, so that it may remain steady when in use.
This box A is shown open at Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying Sheet of
Drawing.
On the short side to the right is a handle B (Figs. 1 and 3), in which is enclosed
a screw passing through the plate of the short side, and fixed in a cast iron plate,
the press-screw thus formed serving to move this latter plate backwards and
forwards accordingly as it may be desired to tighten up or loosen the pieces of cloth
forming the pad or cushion. Lastly, the interior of the box from the press plate to
the other end is furnished with pieces of cloth placed on edge, and forming the
pad or cushion.
At the bottom of the box and in its entire length is a steel spring D (Figs. 1, 2,
and 3), the object of which is to facilitate the application of the stamp to take up
ink.
The lid is fixed to the box by two hinges fastened to the ends of the two short
sides of the box by two bolts f, f, (Figs. 1 and 2). A knob G is fixed to the lid
(as at Fig. 2) so that it may be easily lifted.
Mode of using this pad or cushion. When the pieces of cloth are saturated with
ink it is only necessary to turn the handle to tighten up the press plate until the
pieces of cloth adhere closely to each other; then in pressing the stamp upon the
pad the steel spring offers a resistance which compels the ink to penetrate into all
the engraved parts of the stamp.
Advantages. This apparatus affords the advantage that it will last for an
indefinite period, as it is only necessary to replace the pieces of cloth by others when
they become worn or dirty; further, it may be always kept in a state of perfect
cleanliness, because all that is necessary for that purpose is to wipe the inside of
thebox with a rag when the pieces of cloth are removed.

page_text: On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing A (Figs. 1, 2, and 3) indicates the pad
or cushion-box; B,.(Figs. 1 and 2), the pressing or screwing up joint with handle;
C (Figs. 1, 2, 3), pieces of cloth receiving the marking ink; D (Figs. 1,2,-3), steel
spring to facilitate the application of the stamp to take up ink; f, f, bolts or
Epins fixing-the-hinges.of_the_lid to the short sides of the pad or cushion box; G
(Fig. 2), knob placed-on-the-lid-to.facilitate its opening. -
IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL RESERVOIR DE
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Wiley, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL RESERVOIR
DENG
Sealed the 23rd April 1880, and dated the 28th October 1879.
Sealed the 23rd April 1880, and dated the 28th October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Wiley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1879.
WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVE-
MENT IN METAL RESERVOIR PENS.".
This improvement has reference to reservoirs or fountains for metallic pens
Hitherto pens with reserves for ink have often had a tendency either to hold back
the ink or to let it flow so freely as to blot the paper. I attribute these faults to
the spoon or bell shape of the reservoir which has hitherto been commonly adopted
Now according to my Invention I make the reservoir follow the form of the metal
pen, leaving a narrow space of about one sixteenth of an inch between the pen and
the reservoir piece, and to preserve the distance between the pen and the reservoir
piece I form the latter with a spring so that it shall draw away from the pen, and
towards the point I form a small T piece, which I make to project and pass through
a pierce hole of the pen, so that it shall bear on the latter with elasticity by means
of the beforementioned spring in the reservoir. This pen is specially adapted for
holding solid inks in the reservoir.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Edward Wiley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
April 1880.
WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN METAL RESERVOIR PENS."
I make the reservoir to follow the form of the pen, and I attach it to the latter
by an elastic method so as to preserve a fixed space between the pen and the
reservoir of about a sixteenth of an inch. In order that my said Invention may be
more clearly understood and readily carried into effect I give the following descrip-
tion of the accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 is an interior view of a pen with my improved reservoir.
Figure 2 is a side view of the reservoir shewing the loop and the tongue, by
means of which it is attached to the pen, and also the spring which gives the
necessary elasticity.
Figure 3 is another view of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is an end section of the reservoir, shewing shape and piercing.
Figure 5 is a blank of a shape suitable to be bent up into the form of the
reservoir.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode in which
I prefer to carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim
is, the reservoir shaped to the form of the pen and attached at a uniform space of
about a sixteenth of an inch in the elastic method, in manner and for the purpose
substantially as herein shewn and described. ..
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Wiley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty..
MENTS IN LAMPS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Emil Kauffmann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1879.
EMIL KAUFFMANN, of Red Lion Square, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN LAMPS."
" IMPROVE-
This Invention has reference to the manufacture of lamp burners suitable for
consuming petroleum, paraffine, benzoline, or other oils or liquids, and has for its
object their construction in such a manner, and of such non-heat conducting
materials as will ensure the burners, and consequently the oil in the reservoir being
kept as cool as possible, and permit of their being cleaned with greater facility than
is now the case.
The Invention consists in making the globe-gallery or general body of
earthenware, china, or other similar substance, and in some cases it is further
proposed to make the wick-case and cone and chimney-holder or parts thereof of the
same material, the spindles and pinions for raising and lowering the wicks and the
perforated discs being made of metal as usual. The attachment for connecting the
burners to the reservoirs may be made of earthenware or metal as may be found most
convenient to suit particular circumstances, the metallic parts being enamelled or
otherwise.
The making of the tops of the wick-cases of circular burners of steatite, glass, or
porcelain is not new, but the construction of flat wick cases and the making of the
greater part of the burners either for Hat or round wicks in the manner and of the
materials before described, and the enamelling of the metallic parts are new and
constitute the present improvements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECTACLES AND EYE GLASSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James White at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 21st October 1879.
JAMES WHITE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Optician.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECTACLES AND EYE GLASSES."
This Invention relates to spectacles and eye glasses of the duplex kind, in which
each eye glass is made in two parts or half lenses of different focal lengths, and
combined and fitted in their rim or frame, for the purpose of correcting defects of
vision, and enabling the wearer to see at will either near or distant objects, without
having recourse to the inconvenience of changing or removing the spectacles. The
lenses of such spectacles or eye glasses have heretofore been made in two equal or
nearly equal segments, having the chord or joint line between them when fitted in
the frame passing in a straight line horizontally across the central or the upper part
of the complete duplex lens, so that in looking at a distant object in any other
direction than directly in front the view is either partly obstructed at the sides by
the joining line, or more or less contorted by being presented to the eye through
both portions of the lens at the same time.
The present Invention is designed to remedy such defects in spectacles and eye
glasses of the kind referred to, and consists in forming the upper part of the duplex
lens, when such is the distance-viewing portion, of a crescent or similar shape, so
that the curve or horns of the crescent extend down at the sides and form or
comprise considerably more than half the perimeter of the lens. The lower part is
somewhat oval shaped, and is made with its upper edge fitting closely into the
concavely curved edge of the upper half of the lens, the joint between them being
a circular, elliptical, or similarly curved line. Spectacles or eye glasses fitted with
duplex lenses constructed in this manner, and having the distance-viewing part of
a sufficient breadth extending round the rim down past the centre, permit the wearer
to see objects distinctly through the lens not only in front but also at the sides, thus
enabling the eyes to take in a much wider angular range of vision, and the view
being unobstructed by this improved curved joint of the two glasses, the objects are
not seen contorted or out of focus, whilst all straining or effort of the eyes is avoided.
The two parts of the lens are fitted together in spectacle or eye glass frames of any
of the usual constructions, and the curved edges where the two parts meet may be
plain butt edges, or one edge may be slightly rounded to fit into a corresponding
hollow in the other, which form of joint will suffice to retain the pieces firmly in
their places within the frame.
AN IMPROVED TRUCK, ADAPTED TO RUN ON RAILS CROSSING EACH OTHER AT RIGHT ANGLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 10th January 1879. (A communication from
Maximilian Zimmermann, of Dresden, Saxony.)
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, resident at 74, Bello-Alliance-
Strasse, Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "AN IMPROVED TRUCK, ADAPTED TO RUN ON RAILS
CROSSING EACH OTHER AT RIGHT ANGLES." (A communication from Maximilian
Zimmermann, of Dresden, Saxony.)
This Invention relates to a truck or carriage the wheels of which are arranged in
such a manner that it may pass from one line of rails to another, crossing the
former at a right angle, without the use of turntables or other appliances hitherto
used for allowing the course of a carriage to be altered.
For this purpose the truck is provided with two pairs of wheels having their
axles revolving in fixed bearings as usual, and moreover with other two pairs of
wheels, the axles of which are placed at a right angle to the former and combined
with a suitable mechanism for lowering and raising them.
When the latter axles are raised to a sufficient height the truck may run freely
on one line, sny the main line. At the crossing-point of the line intersecting the
former at a right angle the adjustable axles are lowered by the mechanisin provided
for the purpose until the corresponding wheels touch the rails of the intersecting
line. By then continuing to operate with the said mechanism the truck will be
lifted off the main line, whereupon it may run by its adjustable wheels on the
intersecting line.
The mechanism for raising and lowering the adjustable wheels may be arranged
in various manners. By preference the axles of these wheels are journalled in the
end of moveable levers, which are acted upon by screws, or knee-levers, &c., operated
by a crank or a hand-wheel.
The described truck is intended to be used for transporting materials on building-
premises, in factory-yards, &c., and for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PANS OR RECEPTACLES FOR COLLECTING NIGHT SOIL
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ward and Joseph Ludlow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1879.
HENRY WARD, of Birmingham, Gentleman, and JOSEPH LUDLOW, of Birmingham,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PANS OR RECEPTACLES FOR COLLECTING NIGHT
SOIL"
Our Invention has special reference to the movable pans or receptacles used in
closets for receiving human excrement, and has for its object the separation of the
liquid portion from the more solid parts of such excrement, thus rendering the
pans much less objectionable. 1st. In their every day actual use, as the liability
of the liquid to splash upwards is, by the separation, practically prevented; 2nd,
the prevention of overflowing in their removal to the sewage wharf; and 3rd, in
discharging their contents at such wharf or other place of destination.
These most desirable results wo effect by the construction of the soil pans in two
divisions instead of one chamber, as at present used, with suitable communication
for the transmission of the liquid from the more solid parts of the soil. The pans
may be round, square, oval, or other convenient shape with the division formed by
a partition placed either diagonally, vertically, or horizontally, and such partition
may either be perforated or left a loose fit around the edges for the before said
transmission of the liquid The simplest form of our Invention as applied to the
existing round pans used in Birmingham and other places would be to make a
partition curved around that part of its edge bearing against the side of the pan
with a flat formed at that part of the edge which rests upon the bottom, this flat
being a little shorter in length than the diameter of the pan, so that the partition
when placed inside would extend from a little below its top edge to a little past
the centre of its bottom, and would be secured in this or other position by a button
or other convenient arrangement, thus forming a suitable chamber for the collection
of the liquid. This liquid would be readily drawn off at the sewage wharf by
means of a cock, screw plug, or other suitable outlet.
By means of this chamber and a loose top well fastened down with hand screws
carrying quick threads the top edge of the pan would be forced into a suitable
groove in the lid, and the escape of objectional fumes or liquid would be avoided
or reduced to a minimum.

page_text: It will be clearly seen that not only do we obviate the great nuisance of splashing
in actual use in the closets, and the escape of liquid during removal from the
closets into the collecting carts, but we supply the ready means of drawing off any
desired amount of liquid at the wharf before mixing with the ashes, thus enabling
the men to deal effectively with the manure before loading for transmission to the 5
farms, and thus much trouble and expense would be saved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1879. A communication from
abroad by Paul Lechler, of Stuttgart, Wurtemburg, in the Empire of
Germany.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS." A communication from
abroad by Paul Lechler, of Stuttgart, Wurtemburg, in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention relates to a simple and cheap gas regulator, by the aid of which
constancy and uniformity in gas lights are obtained under all variations in the
pressure of the gas, and it consists in the combination of a cylinder of glass or other
transparent material with a thin hollow caoutchouc ball arranged within the saine
in coinmunication with the supply pipe, the said ball being perforated with small
holes at its lower part for the escape of gas. The gas thence flows through the
annular space left between the cylinder and the expanding ball, which expands
according to the gas pressure, thus contracting or enlarging the annular space, and
thereby diminishing or increasing the supply of gas as required.
SAUCER FOR WINE AND OTHER GLASSES USED IN RESTAURANTS AND OTHER SIMILAR RESORTS, WHEREBY THE NUMBER OF GLASSES OF WINE, BEER, OR OTHER BEVERAGE A communication from abroad CONSUMED BY THE CUSTOMER CAN BE REGISTERED
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Guy Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1879. A communication
from abroad by Eddolf Steinrück, of Villingein, Grand Dukedom of Baden, in
the Empire of Germany.
JOHN GUY WILSON, of the British and Foreign Patent Offico, 71, Market Street, in
"AN IMPROVED
the City of Manchester, Mechanical Engineer and Patent Agent.
SAUCER FOR WINE AND OTHER GLASSES USED IN RESTAURANTS AND OTHER SIMILAR
RESORTS, WHEREBY THE NUMBER OF GLASSES OF WINE, BEER, OR OTHER BEVERAGE
A communication from abroad
CONSUMED BY THE CUSTOMER CAN BE REGISTERED."
by Eddolf Steinrück, Villingen, Grand Dukedom of Baden, in the Empire of
Germany.
This apparatus is constructed as follows:-An upper disc serves as the saucer to
receive the glass, and is combined with another disc forming the lower part of the
apparatus. Between these two discs is arranged a box turning round a pivot
joining the two discs together, and provided on its upper surface with a dial. A
ratchet wheel is connected with this box, and a pawl is fitted to the squared part of
the pivot and is held in position by a spring, which can be compressed by means of
a key put into corresponding holes formed in the upper disc or saucer when it is
desired to return the apparatus to the original position, and which is effected by the
action of a volute spring acting within the aforesaid box. An index finger is
fitted to the saucer. The action of this apparatus is as follows:-If the customer
wishes a glass of wine or other beverage the waiter presents it with the saucer
indicating the number "1," and if he orders a second glass the waiter turns the box,
after having presented the glass to the customer, so that the index finger now points
to "2," and so on with every additional glass. The customer having no key is not
able to tamper with the apparatus, the key being in the hand of the waiter he
alone can return the apparatus to the original position when the score of the
customer has been paid for, and thus no fraud is practised either on the part of
the customer or the waiter.
MACHINERY COMBINING WITHIN ITSELF THE VARIOUS OPERATIONS AT THE SAME TIME OF REAPING, THRASHING, CLEANING, AND BAGGING ON THE FIELD CORN AND OTHER CEREAL CROPS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Robert Lumley, of 36, Tavistock Street, Covent
Garden, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "MACHINERY
COMBINING WITHIN ITSELF THE VARIOUS OPERATIONS AT THE SAME TIME OF
REAPING, THRASHING, CLEANING, AND BAGGING ON THE FIELD CORN AND
OTHER CEREAL CROPS."
Sealed the 30th September 1879, and dated the 15th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Robert Lumley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1879.
HENRY ROBERT LUMLEY, of 36, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, in the County
of Middlesex. "MACHINERY COMBINING WITHIN ITSELF THE VARIOUS OPERATIONS
AT THE SAME TIME OF REAPING, THRASHING, CLEANING, AND BAGGING ON THE
FIELD CORN AND OTHER CEREAL CROPS."
My said Invention relates to special combinations and arrangements in the
construction of reaping machines, designed so as to be propelled forwards in
advance of a traction engine, the cutters extending on each side beyond the
travelling wheels..
The standing corn is pressed against the cutters by wooden sweeps or arms, the
corn when cut falling upon an endless cloth band or straps travelling from right
to left upon a suitable frame and rollers.
Upon wooden ribs on the cloth band or straps at intervals are fixed spikes
between which the corn falls.
The corn as delivered over the end of frame on left side is deposited upon an
auxilliary or second receiving frame also provided with travelling cloth band or
straps with spikes, as before described, and is carried between adjustable pressing
boards into the thrashing chamber.
The thrashing apparatus consists preferably of two rocking shafts placed one
above the other with beaters fixed upon them.
The thrashing chamber and beaters extend only as far as the pressing down
board. Where the thrashing chamber and pressing down board end the straw is
SPD11

page_text: removing wife same.
The grain when thrashed out falls-upon-a- webbing or band. passing from right
to left, and is delivered into a revolving shoot along which a current of air passés
from a fan or blower, and it may then if desired pass through cleaning apparatus
and sieves, the grain when it is delivered falling into sacks ready for removal.
-If it is not-desired-to-thrash-the-corn-on-the-field it may be delivered at the end
of the pressing board in the saine way that the straw is cleared, and bound into
sheaves-by machinery or otherwise.
MENTS IN ROCK TUNNELLING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Newton Penrice at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1879.
"IMPROVE-
HERBERT NEWTON PENRICE, of Hatfield, in the County of Herts.
MENTS IN ROCK TUNNELLING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
This Invention relates to methods and appliances to be made use of especially in
connection with the rock tunnelling machine invented by me, and now well known.
This machine consists of a heavy ram, which by means of compressed air actuating
many pistons simultaneously receives a very rapid reciprocating motion, and at the
same time is made to turn slowly. The ram is armed with a head, in which chisels
are set in a circle, and these when the machine is at work cut an annular groove in
the face of the rock.
The ram is carried upon a massive frame approximately of semi-circular section,
and of a size corresponding to the cut made by the head.
According to my present Invention I fix on this machine four rock drilling
machines, the front ends of which are carried on a light frame fixed temporarily
against the rock, the rear ends resting on the tunnelling machine, which thus takes
the thrust of the drilling cylinders.
Three of these machines drill three holes on ahead, one on each side of the tun-
nelling machine, and one above it. These boles are inclined outwards at a small
angle, and they afterwards receive blasting charges, by the explosion of which the
rock is forced inwards and downwards in the leading cavity.
Where the rock is of a very hard nature, in place of producing the leading cavity
or machine tunnel entirely by means of the tunnelling machine, as heretofore, I save
Buch time and much wear of tools by drilling with a fourth machine simultaneously
with the others a hole centrally in advance of the tunnelling machine. When the
holes are some feet in I remove the drilling machines and charge the central hole
with "blasting gelatine," or the most efficient explosive which I am able to obtain,
and I fire the charge, which has the effect of enlarging the cavity within but.
without much increasing the size of the mouth. I charge the cavity and fire it a
second and a third time, the effect of which is to increase its size within approxi-
mately to the size required, but leaving the entrance but little enlarged. I now
bring the tunnelling machine forward, and cut through the neck. This, even in
the hardest rock, is effected with comparative ease, as the rock which remains to be
Daine Q31

page_text: cut away after firing the charges is so softened by the repeated explosions as to be
easily cut through.
The leading opening being thus formed, the sides and top are forced in by
blasting charges in the holes at the sides and top, as already described. I generally
prefer to limit myself to these four blasting holes, but a larger number may be 5
employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPLIT COTTERS AND SPIKES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Mac Lellan and William
Cray McNaught at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st
July 1879.
WALTER MAC LELLAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Engineer, and
WILLIAM CRAY M NAUGHT, of the same Place, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SPLIT COTTERS AND SPIKES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN.
"
The objects of the said Invention are to facilitate and cheapen the manufacture
of split cotters and spikes so as to leave them with a better finish than those hitherto
produced, and to provide machinery or apparatus whereby the said manufacture
may be advantageously carried on.
The first part of our Invention consists essentially in giving to the metal from
which the split cotters or spikes are to be formed a motion through guides, openings,
or grooves against a cutting tool or chisel secured in a suitably recessed support.
The second part of our Invention consists in fixing or securing a cutting tool or
chisel in a block or anvil constructed with a guide or groove along or through
which the metal to be cut or split is propelled or moved against a cutting edge.
A blow from a hammer actuated by fluid or.mechanical power, or the motion of
a die, cam, or like appliance is employed to actuate the metal cotters or spikes. The
form of 'the block or anvil, and the grooves, openings, or guides are varied to suit
different sections of metal to be split, and greater or less depths of cut to be made.
Several cotters or spikes may be split at one operation by having a suitable number
of guides, openings, or grooves and cutting tools. After being cut the ends of the
said cotters or spikes are closed or brought together by drawing them through a die,
or other suitable means may be employed for that purpose. The apparatus which
gives the blow or pressure to move the metal against the cutting tool may also serve
to give shape to one or both ends of the cotters or spikes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TWISTING WOOLLEN YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAI, SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Waddel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1879.
THOMAS WADDEL, of The Priory, Selkirk, in the County of Selkirk, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TWISTING WOOLLEN YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
The said Invention relates to improvements in twisting woollen yarns, and in
the machinery or apparatus employed therefor, and consists of machinery so con-
structed that it will twist a greater amount than that twisted by the machines at
present in use.
According to the said Invention two known systems of twisting are combined in
one machine, that is to say, the system of giving revolution to the bobbins from
which the yarn to be twisted is drawn, and the system wherein twisting is effected
between the drawing rollers and the bobbins upon which the twisted yarn is to be
wound; these systems being respectively known as those of Unsworth and Sykes.
In a machine constructed according to this Invention motion of rotation is given
from the spindles on which the twisted yarns are wound to the spindles upon
which the bobbins or cops from which the untwisted yarns are drawn are mounted.
Both or all the threads of this untwisted yarn may be upon one bobbin (from a
winding machine), or they may be led from two or more cops or pirns upon pins on
a plate on the top of the last mentioned spindle. The untwisted yarns are led
from the cops or bobbins through a flyer if necessary or desireable over a guide-rod,
thence through the drawing-rollers, and through wire-guides and zinc travellers or
flyers to the spindles upon which they are finally wound. The spindles are in this
case driven at equal speeds. If additional yarn is to be twisted round the others
the bobbins carrying such yarns are placed upon stationary creel-pins, and the
threads therefrom are passed through the drawing rollers and the guides beyond
them where it unites with the thread already twisted, and is wound along with
them upon the bobbins. The relative speeds of the spindles are varied in this case
according to the amount of twist required by means of different sized pulleys upon
the said spindles. By this Invention one half of the twist is given to the yarn
before it reaches the draw-rollers, and the remainder is given after the yarn passes
the said rollers.

page_text: The advantage of this Invention is that a greatly increased quantity of yarn can
be twisted, as it is possible to speed the drawing rollers much faster than as at
present without increasing the speed of the spindles, so that machines constructed
according to this Invention will perform a much greater amount of work than will
the machines at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATES OF SODA AND POTASSA
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto Ernst Pohl at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1879.
OTTO ERNST POHL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Salt Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATES OF SODA AND POTASSA."
The object of the said Invention is to allow of sulphates of sorla and potassa,
especially the former, being manufactured at reduced cost and with loss outlay for
plant than has been hitherto the case, and consists,-
First. In manufacturing sulphates of soda or potassa from solutions of their
chlorides in water by passing sulphurous acid gas and air in contact with the said
solutions whilst being evaporated.
Second. In evaporating the chloride solutions and converting the chlorides into
sulphates by passing heated air, products of fuel combustion, and sulphurous acid
gas in contact with the said solutions.
Third. In employing heated gases or products of combustion, or both, to carry on
the evaporation of the chloride solutions whilst being separately acted upon by the
air and sulphurous acid gas.
Fourth. In so proportioning the rate of evaporation of the solutions to the
amount of sulphurous acid gas and air passing in contact with the said solutions,
that the said chlorides are converted into sulphates before chloride crystallization
takes place.
Fifth. In causing the sulphurous acid and air to act on chloride solutions in a
series of vessels or containers, each vessel or container being so arranged as to be
workable as the first, intermediate, and last of a series.
Sixth. In condensing the hydrochloric acid and water vapour evolved during the
conversion of the chlorides into sulphates, by passing such acid and water vapour
through or over tubes, ways, or passages, entirely or partly surrounded by chloride
solutions; chloride crystals would be formed from the solutions.
Seventh. In coating the tubes, ways, or passages through which the hydrochloric
acid and water vapour pass, the pans and any other iron work used in the process,
with magnetic oxide enamel, say Barff's process, or other material unacted upon by
the said acid.
Eighth. In hastening the conversion of chlorides into sulphates by adding to the
chloride solution before or during the process of conversion nitrate of soda or other
material yielding oxygen upon application of heat.