IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel O'Neill, of Eccles, in the County of Lancaster, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 28th November 1879, and dated the 22nd September 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel O'Neill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1879.
SAMUEL O'NEILL, of Eccles, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to novel means for delivering the warp from the yarn or
warp beam in certain and positive quantities in place of applying friction obtained
by the use of weights or springs and levers acting upon the yarn beam.
In carrying out my Invention I depend upon the motion of the batten when the
reed is knocking up the weft thread for the motion for taking of from the yarn
beam the requisite quantity of warp.
This object I attain as follows:-I let the warp bean lie in the loom with only
so much friction upon it as will just hold the yarn tight, I then bind the warp by
passing it round two, three, or more rollers, one of which at least must be covered
by some pliable substance. To the covered roller I give an intermittent axial
motion through ratchet, bevil, and worm wheels for the purpose of drawing off from
the warp beam a certain positive quantity of warp to form the cloth.
I have said that this taking off motion is derived from the batten, this may be
conveniently transmitted through a pawle to a ratchet wheel keyed to a longi-
tudinal shaft at the side of the machine, which shaft through bevil geers rotates a
worm working into a worm wheel on the axle of the covered roller.
By this means I gain a yarn delivery motion as positive as the cloth taking up
motion now universally used for light cloth, and I propose to employ the same in
weaving both light and heavy goods.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel O'Neill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th March
1880.
SAMUEL O'NEILL, of Eccles, in the County of Lancaster.
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention relates to novel means for delivering the warp threads from the
yarn or warp beam of looms in place of depending on the blow of the reed and
drag of the cloth roller as heretofore for drawing off the warp threads.
In carrying out my Invention upon a loom where the so-called slay or batten
works from the bottom part of the loom, I propose to make use of the motions of
the batten for taking off from the yarn beam the requisite quantity of warp
thread.
This object I attain as follows:-I place the warp beam in the inside of
the loom with only so much friction upon it as will just hold the warp tight;
I then take a grip of the warp after it has left the beam by passing it over or
around two or more rollers; the largest, which is the delivery roller, must be
covered with cloth or other holding substance. To this delivery roller I give an
intermittent axial motion through ratchet and gear wheels combined for the
purpose of drawing off from the warp beam a certain positive quantity of warp to
form the cloth to be woven, the object being besides other important advantages
to be able to make either heavy or light cloths or fabrics with an equal number of
picks or shoots in every inch of cloth the loom produces.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shewn several arrangements of mechanism,
whereby the object of my Invention may be best attained in looms of different
construction.
"
In Sheet I., Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of an arrangement of loom
in which the slay or batten works from the bottom part of the loom, the motion
for delivering the warp threads from the warp beam being in this case derived
from the forward motion of the batten at the time the beating up" takes place;
Fig. 2 is a back elevation, and Fig. 3 is a partial front elevation of so much of this
arrangement of loom as will serve to explain the nature of my Invention. a is the
warp beam mounted as usual in the loom framing, and weighted so as to maintain
the requisite tension of the warp threads; b is a delivery roller covered with cloth
and against which the warp threads are held on their way to the harness c.
To ensure a proper friction contact between the warp threads and this roller
pressing rollers 6', 63, are employed.
Thus the warp threads as they leave the warp beam a pass over the pressing
roller b', under the delivery roller b, and over the pressing roller b², and thence to
the harness. The delivery roller b receives an intermittent axial motion, the rate
of which is determined by the speed of the weaving, and it thus, in rotating the
roller b, will draw off the warp threads from the beam at the rate they are required
for the work. d is the batten fitted with a reed as usual, through which the warp
threads pass to the cloth roller e. This batten rocks on short axles at f and
receives its motion as usual from the main or crank shaft g of the loom. Projecting
from the front of the batten and near its fulcrum is a slotted bracket d', which
carries an adjustable pivot pin for connecting it with a vertical rod h. The upper
end of this rod is coupled by a pin to the slotted arm of a forked lever i, which is
mounted loosely upon a longitudinal shaft k having its bearings inside the framing
of the loom. Keyed to this shaft k is a ratchet wheel which is actuated by a
clawker m. This clawker is pivotted to the second arm of the lock lever i, and
thus as the batten is rocked forward the lever i being drawn down by reason of its
connection through the rod h with the batten, the clawker m will be caused to
pull round the ratchet wheel, and with it the longitudinal shaft k a portion of a
rotation.

page_text: This intermittent motion of the shaft k is transmitted to the warp delivery
roller b in the following manner:-n is a worm keyed on the shaft k and taking
into a worm wheel o, which is keyed on a short vertical shaft p carried in bracket
bearings. To the upper end of this shaft is keyed' a bevil pinion q, which gears
into a bevil wheel rattached to the axle of the roller b.
It will now be understood that at each beat of the batten an axial motion will.
be imparted to the roller b, and a suitable length of warp will be drawn off the
warp beam a.
To regulate the supply of warp threads to suit the requirements of
the work it will only be necessary to replace the ratchet wheel by one having a
greater or less number of teeth.
Fig. 4 is a partial front elevation of a loom fitted with a slightly modified form
of the mechanism for driving the warp delivery roller. In this arrangement in
place of a clawker for pulling over the ratchet wheel a pawl m is used for driving -
it round. As the shaft k is situate at the opposite side of the loom to that shewn
in the first described arrangement its direction of rotation will remain unchanged.
In applying my Invention to looms already constructed in which it would be
difficult to find sufficient space for the gearing within the framing, I propose to use
the modified arrangement shewn in the partial plan view, Fig. 5. In this arrange-
ment the longitudinal shaft is divided into two parts k, k', and the part k which
carries the ratchet wheel is mounted in bearings outside the framing. Instead of
the slotted bracket for transmitting the motion of the batten through the rod h to
the pawl m, I attach to the extended end of one of the trunnions of the batten a
slotted arm d to receive the lower end of the rod h, which stands up outside the
framing, and actuates the pawl as before. The part k¹ of the longitudinal shaft I
mount within the framing and connect it with the part k by means of spur gear k²,
thus the intermittent motion given to the shaft k will be transmitted, as in the
first described arrangement, to the warp delivery roller b.
In Sheet II. of the Drawings, Fig. 6 shews in longitudinal section a loom
arranged according to my Invention suitable for weaving heavy cloths. In this
case the delivery roller bis fitted with but one pressing roller b' for holding the
warp threads in contact therewith, the second pressing roller being now converted
into an ordinary reciprocating guide roller 62. This roller receives an axial motion
alternately in opposite directions from the backward and forward motions of the
batten d. Fixed to and pendent from the axle of the roller b³ is a rod b³, which is
connected by a rod b* with the batten. By thus connecting the roller 62 with the
batten dit will be caused to assist in the delivery of the warp threads, and in
taking up the slack during the shifting of the harness to form the shed. The
mechanism for transmitting motion from the batten to the delivery roller b differs
but slightly from the arrangement shewn at Fig. 1. The worm n and worm
wheel o now take the place of the bevil gears g and r, and these latter replace the
former on the shaft k and p respectively.
To facilitate the adaptation of the Invention to "high top" looms or those in
which the batten is suspended between standards, I prefer to obtain the motion for
actuating the warp delivery roller from the crank shaft; Fig 7 illustrates this
arrangement. The main driving or crank shaft g is furnished with a spur
wheel g¹, which gears into a spur wheel g² mounted loosely on a stud axle pro-
jecting from the framing. This wheel is fitted with a crank-pin, which is con-
nected by a rod g³ to one end of a rock lover 9 carried by a stud pin. The other
end of this rock lever is connected to the forked lever i by means of the rod h,
which thus transmits motion to that lever from the driving shaft g instead of from
the batten d, as in the first described arrangement. The warp delivery roller b has
in this example but one pressing roller b', which is however so advanced in
position as to ensure the warp threads taking a good lap around the roller b.
Instead however of this arrangement I may employ the arrangement shewn at
Fig. 8. In this example the motion for working the warp delivery roller bis
taken from an overhead axle from which the batten depends. The rocking motion
of this axle which it receives from the batten, as in Fig. 5, is transmitted to the

page_text: rock lever g' by means of a rod 93, and the rod h being pivotted to the lever gʻ
will act on the forked lever i, as before explained.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in Looms
for Weaving" and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,
I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent
I claim,―
In combination with a lightly weighted warp beam a warp delivery roller b
actuated through intermediate gearing from a ratchet wheel or its equivalent
which receives an intermittent axial motion from the batten or other convenient
moving part of the loom for the purpose of determining the rate of delivery of the
warp threads from the warp beam as and for the purpose above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel O'Neill, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
SAMUEL O'NEILL. (L.S.)
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