IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, FOR MANUFACTURING. SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPBLE
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Hammond Bentall, of Heybridge, near
Maldon, in the County of Essex, Agricultural Implement Maker,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, FOR MANUFACTURING.
SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward, Hammond
Bentall at the Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th December 1871.
;
I, EDWARD HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, near Maldon, in the
County of Essex, Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare, the
nature, of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, FOR
MANUFACTURING SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS -18
APPLICABLE TO THE WORKING OF OTHER AUTOMATIC MACHINERY," to be as
follows: 3
This Invention relates to certain novel arrangements of machinery
applicable to the manufacture of screw bolts and nuts.

page_text: The Invention consists of improvements in machinery for which I
obtained Letters Patent, bearing date November 28th, 1867, No. 3381,
in the Specification of which I described a series of mechanical processes
for forming screw bolts and nuts.. My present object is to simplify and
render more effective certain of the machines used in this manufacture.
The machine for forgoing the screw bolt blanks-I now construct on the
steam hammer principle; it is provided with two steam cylinders -set
abreast of each other and at an inclination to the vertical for the purpose
to be presently explained. One of these cylinders is used for working
the hammer, which in combination with a suitable die forms the bolt
blank and the other cylinder serves to work a plunger which, passing up
through the bottom of the die, strikes the end of the formed bolt blank
to discharge it from the die. The inclination of the die and bolt corres-
pondes with that of the steam cylinders and the tendency therefore of
the bolt after being lifted out of the die to drop back on the retirement
of the discharging plunger is removed. The hammer is connected to
and worked by the piston rod of one cylinder but the discharge plunger
is worked by a rock shaft below the bed of the machine. This rock
shaft carries an arm to which the plunger is pivotted, and it is actuated
by, an excentric, which receives reciprocating motion forom a connecting
rod pendent from the cross head of the piston of the second cylinder.
The valves of this steam stamper are worked by a novel arrangement of
mechanism which I propose to apply to such of the series of machines
used in the process of manufacture as may require the same as a feed
and cut off or stop motion or for retracting or advancing the cutting
tools. This feed or stop motion admits of various modifications to suit
-varying requirements, but it will in all cases be the same_in_principle,
that is to say, a sliding clutch is used carrying a notched flange or plate
into which a fixed stop is intended to lock on the completion of every
rotation of that clutch while the same is in action..
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In adapting the feed motion to to the steam stamper a pulley clutch
which receives constant rotary motion is mounted loosely on a horizontal
shaft and on this shaft two cams, one for the valves of each cylinder, are
keyed. The rods of these valves rest on the cams and are raised and
lowered by their rotation. The cams are set relatively to each other so
as to work their respective valve rods alternately for the heading and
discharging operations. On the cam shaft is also mounted a sliding

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cone clutch which is provided with a notched flange or plate and is
intended, when rotary motion is to be given to the cam shaft to be
slidden into contact with the pulley clutch. The notch in the flange or
plate is intended to engage with a fixed stop against which the back of
the flange bears until the notch by the rotation of the clutch coincides
in position with the fixed; stop. When this, takes place a spring in
connection with a lever throws the notched clutch on to the stop and the
action of the valve cams is..arrested. The stamper now remains
quiescent to give the attendant the opportunity to place a heated boltrin
the die; he then by means of the hand lever before-mentioned .brings
the friction clutches into contact and the action of the stamper proceeds
as before. On the completion of one rotation of the cam shaft -the
action of the stamper is again arrested and the rapidity of its action is
therefore, determined by the ability of the attendant to supply the heated
bolts to the die.
The nuts for the screw bolts I propose to cut from bar iron as 'before
and to drill and tap them before submitting them to the nut facing
machine.
To the drilling machine I propose to apply my new feed in the following
manner. The saddle carrying the drills is made fast to a rod which I
term a feed rod. This rod is pivotted to and actuated by a lever having
a bowle which is operated upon by a sliding rotary cam and clutch
carrying a notched plate which works in front of a fixed stop. The shaft
of this cam carries a fixed clutch from which the cam clutch receives
its rotation by being brought into contact therewith. In this as in the
former example, when the cam has made one rotation, the notch in its
flange comes into line with the fixed stop and at this moment the cam
clutch is drawn back and locked by the fixed stop and the feed motion
is consequently arrested. The feed rod moved forward by the action of
by the peculiar cut of the cam drawn back
cam is effected. The re-engagement of the
clutches and the consequent pressing forward of the feed rod is effected
by a lever actuated by the hand or foot of the attendant. The lever
may be weighted to give the cam and its clutch the requisite back
sliding motion.
the cam on the lever is
before the locking of the
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When the nuts are taken from this machine the next operation is to
au

page_text: rotating the nuts I provide witli a screw thread for entering the thread.
of the nuts, and I give to the facing tools. merely a rocking feed motion!
To this machine I apply the new feed motion; adapting it so as to work
the rocking tool carrier or carriers. Each carrier has two tools which!
act upon separate nuts to face and finish the same at one operation.
The tools are made, say, of prism shaped steel rounded at the cutting
end so as to form a flat cutting edge. They are set in their carriers on
the slant, so that when moved up to their work the advancing cut will be
made by one portion of the edge; and the receding cut by another
portion. The clutch cam of the feed motion is mounted on a horizontal
shaft at the back of the machine (one clutch cam for each tool carrier)?
A lever keyed on the fulcrum of the tool carrier is fitted with a bowle
which enters the groove of the cam and when the cam.is put in action
one rotation of the cam will effect the forward and the back cut. When
however the notch in the cam plate coincides with the fixed stop the
feed.(as in the former instances) is stopped by the interlocking of, the
cam with the fixed, stop. While the nut is being faced a spanner
mounted so as to slide on the mandril that rotates the nut is pressed
back by the advance of the cutters, but being free to advance, as the
cutters retire the spanner will, when the nut has been faced, take hold of
the nut, and by being driven at a greater speed than the mandril, it will
run off the faced nut therefrom; leaving the mandril free to receive
another nut to be faced. Weighted treadles are used for throwing the
sliding clutches in and out of action.
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The new feed motion may also be adapted with advantage to the nut
planing machine. The use of the new feed or stop-motion-in-this
machine is to enable the table to be stopped in its retracted position, and
when the nuts are clear of the planing tools, thereby facilitating the
_removal and replacement of the nuts.
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From the foregoing examples it will be obvious that this feed motion
is applicable to a variety of machines where a dwell is required to enable

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Hammond Bentall in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th June 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD,
HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, near Maldon, in the County of Essex,
Agricultural. Implement Maker, send greeting.
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WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty, Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one,
in the thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her, heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Hammond Bentall,
Her, special licence that I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Hammond Bentall, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and.
at all times, thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle.
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN, MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
SCREW BOLTS, AND NUTS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE. TO THE
WORKING OF OTHER AUTOMATIC MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I; the said Edward Hammond Bentall, my executors, or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain.
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was,
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office, within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said 'Letters Patent.
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NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, do hereby
declare the nature of my, said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and, ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say)
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This, Invention relates to certain novel arrangements of machinery,
applicable to the manufacture of screw-bolts and nuts.

page_text: A, A, is the main framing supporting at its upper end a pair of steam
cylinders B and C, in which work the pistons of the rods: B and C¹
respectively, the former of which carries the hammer D. This hammer
is made with V shaped recesses in its sides to embrace vertical guides
E, E, which are fitted to a casting E bolted to the main framing A. The
hammer D is fitted with a die D', suitably shaped to act upon the
heated rod brought under its action and forge the end thereof into a
bolt head; F is the anvil block in which is inserted the die F" for
receiving the: heated rod that is to be forged into a bolt blank. The
central opening in which the heated rod is inserted is made through the
die, and the die is closed at bottom by means of a plunger rod G-which

page_text: rides upon an arm projecting from a rock shaft G. This rock shaft has
its bearings in the bottom of the framing A, and it is formed with crank
arms to which a rod Gis pivotted. This rod. carries a strap which
embraces an excentric. G³ mounted loosely on a stud axle G' made fast
to the framing A. Projecting from the face of the excentric is a stud
pin G, on to which fits a connecting rod Go that is jointed to the lower
end of the piston rod C¹. This rod C₁ carries a guide block G², shewn
best at Fig. 3, Sheet I., which is a partial plan view taken in the line 1,
2, of Fig. 1. This block slides in guides formed on a bracket casting H
which is bolted to the front of the framing A. From this casting
project two arms which form bearings for a cam shaft I, to the opposite
ends of which are keyed the cams B and C³. Mounted loosely on
the shaft I is a belt pulley I which carries a catch or tooth that is
intended to engage with a sliding clutch I' working on a feather on the
cam shaft I. This clutch when out of action is locked by means of a
fixed stud i shewn by dots at Fig. 1, projecting from one of the bracket
arms of the casting H. A recess is made in the back of the clutch to
receive the stud i and allow of the arrest of the cam shaft so soon as the
clutch has completed a rotation. Into the ring groove of this clutch
projects a swivel piece carried by a rocking arm `I³ which is pivotted. to
a projection on the bracket casting H. This rocking arm terminates in
a segment shaped diagonal groove which receives the end of a rock
lever I carried by a stud pin on the casting E¹. This rock lever I' is
provided with a handle, through which it is actuated by the attendant
to throw the clutch off its locking stud and into gear with the driving
pulley for the purpose of setting the machine in motion. A coiled
spring I connects this lever with a fixed point on the framing, and
thereby gives it a tendency to resume the position shewn at Fig. 2, so
soon as the attendant releases the handle, and thereby to press the
clutch into contact with the stud . The continued rotation of the
clutch will bring its recess into line with the stud i, and the drag of the
spring I will slide the clutch, into its locked position, when the rotations
of the cam shaft I; and consequently the operation of the machine will
be arrested. The cams B³, C³, on opposite ends of the camshaft are
intended to operate the slide valves of their respective cylinders B and
C, through rods B, C, pendent from the slide valves and riding on the
peripheries of the cam. For this purpose the cams are so timed with
respect to each other that the actions of the hammer D and of the
plunger G shall alternate. The cam B3 (see Fig. 4, Sheet I.) is so cut
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page_text: that for one half of its rotation it will serve to maintain a supply of
steam below the piston of the cylinder B; then for the next succeeding.
quarter of a rotation it will supply steam to the opposite side of the
. piston (keeping open at the same time the exit port for the steam below,
the piston); then for the last quarter of its rotation it will gradually 5
cut off the supply of steam to the top of the piston and open the supply.¡
port.below the piston. The form of the cam-C is shewn at Fig.2; In>
this case the slide valve is required to be worked so as to supply steami
to the under side only of the piston, that is, for the purpose of lifting the
piston rod. In order to bring back the slide valves. arms B, C, are 10
employed: These arms are jointed to the fixed framing and bear re-,
spectively on the shoulders of the valve rods B³, C³, assisted by the tension.
of coiled springs B, C, or by weights pendent from their free ends:
H
It will now be understood that when the machine is in the position
shewn at Fig. 1, and the driving pulley is rotating, on the heated rod 15
being placed in the die of the anvil block the attendant by simply
pulling forward the lever I will start the machine by throwing the
clutch into gear with the driving pulley. So soon as the enlarged
diameter of the cam B has passed from under the valve rod B (see-
Fig. 4) the valve rod will be drawn down and its valve shifted by reason 20
of the downward pressure of the arm B. Steam will now be admitted
above the piston of the cylinder B and the hammer will be caused to
descend and strike the heated metal. The continued rotation of this
cam will shift the valve and allow steam to enter the cylinder and lift
the hammer. While this is proceeding the larger radius of the cam C25
will be brought-into-action, and-by-raising its valve rod the plunger G
will, through the arrangement-above-described; be caused-to-rise-and
throw the heated bolt blank out of the die of the anvil block F. As the
pressure put on the lever I by the attendant will be but momentary, the
clutch'when it has made one rotation-will be free to fall back into its 30
locked position, and arrest the motion of the machine when the hammer
lias. reached its elevated position. The lower die will therefore be free
to receive another length of heated metal. To prevent the piston of the
cylinder B from striking against its cylinder cover when rising, an air
cushion is provided to check the ascent of the piston. Thus on the 35
top of the cylinder B is fitted a cylinder K which is closed at top and
open at bottom. In this cylinder fits a cup-shaped piston carried by an
-extension of the piston rod B. A small hole made near the top of the:

page_text: cylinder K allows of air being drawn in 'as the hammer falls by the
sucking action of the cup-shaped piston. As the hammer rises to its
highest elevation a cushion of air will be formed at the top of the
cylinder K and will act as a buffer to the piston rod B'. The motion
used for starting and stopping' the steam hammer is applicable under
certain modifications to a variety of machines as a feed and stop
motion.
In Sheet III. of the Drawings I have shewn its application to the
drilling of nuts for screw bolts. Fig. 1 is a transverse section of "the
drilling machine; and Fig. 2 is a back view of the same.
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A is the saddle carrying a pair of drills. This saddle is made fast to
a rod-B, which I term a feed rod. The rod B is flattened at its rear end
and fitted with a pivot pin which enters a slot in the upper arm of a
crank lever C that rocks on centres carried by the back framing. The
lower arm of the lever carries a bowle which is operated upon by a
sliding rotary cam and clutch D. This cam is mounted loosely on a
shaft E which has its bearings in the main framing. At its back the
cam d is notched and it works in front of a fixed stop F.' The shaft E
carries a fixed clutch from which the cam clutch D receives its rotation
by being brought into contact therewith. The shaft E is driven by a
train of spur gearing from the main shaft G, and by means of bevil and
spur gears and sliding clutches rotary motion is transmitted to the
chucks H, which receive the nuts to be drilled; the spindles of the
chucks.are squared to receive each a sliding clutch I, and projecting into
the grooves of these clutches are forks carried by a cross arm B' made
fast to the feed rod B. By this arrangement the advance of the drills to
their work and the engagement of the clutches to ensure the rotation of
the chucks will be simultaneous. The saddle with its feed rod is
advanced so as to bring the drills up to the work by means of a treadle
and crank‘lever K, which crank lever is weighted to give it a tendency
when released from the downward pressure of the attendant's foot to
draw back the saddle. The same movement which advances the drills
and throws the clutches I into action serves also, through the operation
of the crank lever C, to disengage the cam D from the fixed stop F and
engage the clutch of the cam D with the fixed clutch of the shaft E.
This position it will be caused to maintain by means of the stop F until
the cam has completed one révolution and thereby brought its notch
again into line with the stop F. Thus the rotation of the cam will be
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page_text: ensured and from the cut of this cam the drills will be caused to
advance slowly until they have drilled through the nuts and then retire
quickly clear of the work. By this time the notch in the back of the
cam will have arrived opposite the fixed stop F, as shewn at Fig. 2, and
the weight of the crank lever K being now free to act, the saddle and
feed rod will be. drawn back and the cam D will, through the crank
lever be pushed back into its locked position as shewn by dots in-
Fig. 2.
When the nuts are taken from this, machine the next operation is to tap
them and they are then ready for the operation of the facing machine.
The mandrils in the facing machine for carrying and rotating the nuts I
provide with a screw thread for entering the thread of the nuts, and I
give to the facing tools merely a rocking feed motion. To this machine I.
apply the new feed motion, adapting it so as to work the rocking tool
carrier. This adaptation is illustrated at Sheet IV., in which Fig. 1 is
a-side elevation, partly in section, of the improved nut facing machine,
and Fig. 2 is a partial back view of the same; Fig. 3 shews the tool
carrier detached.
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A is a mandril. threaded to receive the nut B which is to be faced by
the action thereon of the reciprocating tool C., which tool is held firmly
in a rocking carrier D., This, carrier D has two tools C, C', which act
upon separate nuts to face and finish the same at one operation. The
tools are made, say of prism shaped steel, rounded at the cutting end so
as to form, a flat cutting edge. They are set in their carriers on the
slant so that when moved up to their work the advancing cut will be
made by one portion-of-the-edge-and-the-receding cut by another.
portion. The tool-carrier-is-keyed-to-or-forms-part of-a-horizontal-rock-
shaft D', which has, its bearings in the head stock; this rock shaft
projects through the back of the head-stock and to it is keyed a bell
crank lever E, one arm of which carries a bowle that enters the groove of
a feeding clutch cam F mounted loosely on a longitudinal shaft F. The
other arm of the crank lever, E is connected to a weighted treadle which
serves to throw the cam clutch into and out of action. Keyed to the
shaft F is a toothed plate with which the cam clutch engages and by
which it is driven. A-notch is cut, in the back of the cam to receive
the fixed stop G which locks the cam and arrests the motion of the tool
carrier... The cut of the cam is clearly shewn at Fig. 2, and is intended
to-give a rocking motion to the tool carrier as indicated by the dotted

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lines in Fig. 3. While the nut is being faced a spanner, H mounted on
each mandril, so as to slide on the mandrils that rotate the nuts, is
pressed back by the advance of the cutters. For this purpose a wedge
shaped projection is formed on the back of the tool carrier to act upon a
spring lever I which carries a pin that enters a ring groove in "the
spanners. As the cutters retire, after having completed the facing of the
nuts, the spring lever, I will be released and it will; press forward the.
spanners which will then take hold of the nuts, and by being driven at a
greater speed than the mandrils they will run off, the faced nuts there.
from, leaving the mandrils free to receive other nuts to be faced..
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The adaptation of the new feed motion to the nut planing machine is
shewn in plan view at Fig. 1, Sheet V. The use of the new feed or stop
motion in this machine is to enable the table to be stopped in its
retracted position and when the nuts. are clear of the planing -tools,
thereby facilitating the removal or replacement of the nuts. The nuts
are secured in any convenient manner on the table A which slides on a
fixed bed A¹-and between a pair of standards B, which serve to support
the tool holder. The sliding table receives its traverse motion from an
excentric on the shaft C, which shaft is fitted with a sliding clutch D
and a loose band wheel E. This sliding clutch is formed with a notched
plate, which notch is intended to receive a stop F fixed to the bed of
the machine. This sliding clutch is shewn detached at Fig. 2. It is
thrown into and out of gear by means of a rock shaft G fitted with a
hand lever which can at any moment be caused to throw the clutch into
gear but can only retract the clutch when, by the rotation of the clutch
its notch is brought into line with the fixed stop F. This will however
by reason of the relative positions of the excentric and clutch on
their shaft C occur only when the work has passed from under the
tools.
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From the foregoing examples it will be obvious that this feed motion
is applicable to a variety of machines where a dwell" is required to
enable the attendant to feed the machine or remove the finished work
without throwing off the driving power.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements
in Machinery for Manufacturing Screw Bolts and Nuts, Part of
which Improvements is Applicable to the Working of other Automatic.
Machinery," and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,

page_text: I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent, I claim,
First., The automatic forging machine, constructed and operating as
above described.
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Secondly. The adaptation to automatic machinery of the locking
clutch arrangement for arresting the action of the whole or a part of
such machinery át a given point of its operation.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Hammond, Bentall, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Seventh day of June,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
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