Improvements in or connected with what are commonly known as Petroleum or Oil Engines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 5th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 6th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with what are commonly known as
Petroleum or Oil Engines.
We, GEORG ADOLPH LIST, Merchant, VICTOR LIST, Engineer, and JAKOW
KOSAKOFF Engineer, all of Haus List, Sophienquai, Moscow, in the Empire of
Russia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to engines or motors which are worked by the combustion
or explosion of a mixture of a hydro-carbon or mineral oil with air and the said
invention consists in a novel arrangement of the vapouriser in the interior of which
the liquid hydro-carbon (we will hereinafter refer to it as oil) introduced under
pressure is heated being afterwards injected partly in the form of vapour and partly
in the form of spray into the chamber in which the mixing with air and the
production of the explosive mixture takes place as hereinafter described.
The improved vapouriser according to this invention forms a chamber directly
connected with the explosion chamber of the engine the liquid hydrocarbon being
forced into an extended but narrow space or passage or spaces, or passages which
may be formed by the surfaces of bodies which become heated the said bodies being
placed in close proximity one within the other the space or spaces being separated
by a valve from the explosion chamber.
The said heated bodies may consist of a heated tube for example and a well fitted
rod or bar inserted therein so arranged that the oil can be forced into the space
between them or they may consist of tubes one being inserted within the other so
that there is a narrow space between their adjacent surfaces.
The oil being forced into this narrow space is so strongly heated by the hot walls
or sides of the tubes or the like that the light volatile parts-the low hydrocarbons-
become converted into vapour in the said narrow space whilst another part of the
oil of less volatility-owing to the high pressure to which it is subjected, becomes
partially superheated and remains liquid until the valve is opened when it flows
through the latter and becomes instantaneously converted into vapour owing to the
reduction in pressure which it then experiences. The remainder-hydrocarbons of
least volatility passes through the valve and is blown by the action of the vapour
into extremely minute particles which are consumed when the combustion or
explosion of the mixture takes place.
The forcing of the oil to be evaporated through the narrow space or passage and
the opening of the valve closing the narrow passage takes place simultaneously
with the compression in the explosion chamber of the engine so that an intimate
mixture of the previously admitted air with the gases and vapours is ensured. In
order to obtain a more certain and intimate mixture of the unvapourised fine spray
of oil with the air, the vapour and the finely pulverised oil are caused to impinge
against a device presenting multiple inclined surfaces whereby the vapour and
liquid particles are caused to have a whirling motion and are thereby brought into
very perfect and intimate contact with the air.
The walls of the aforesaid narrow passage or passages are heated by means of
the gases escaping from the lamp employed to heat the igniting tube of the engine
provided with the improved vapouriser and when the engine is in motion the heat
of the products of the explosion is also utilised for the same purpose being conducted
into a space or chamber surrounding the vapouriser through a passage which also
connects the igniting tube with the charging space of the engine at a place where
an explosive mixture is certain to be present after the compression of the charge.

page_text: In a vapouriser constructed according to this invention the vapouriser proper
(hereinafter described) is combined with an igniter, a mineral oil or naphtha vapour
lamp, a heating chamber formed by a casing enclosing a space or chamber
surrounding the compressing chamber, a charging or explosion chamber and two
mechanically controlled air valves. The vapouriser is constructed with a body
preferably of cylindrical form with hollow sides and arranged between the cylinder
cover of a petroleum or oil engine and a transverse bridge piece connected to the
said cover.
The body of the vapouriser is effectually insulated from the bridge piece and
the cylinder cover by means of asbestos or other suitable packing and is formed
with a central compressing chamber or tube surrounded by an annular chamber
communicating through a passage with the combustion or explosion chamber. In
the longitudinal axis of this tube or vapouriser and capable of sliding in the
direction thereof is arranged a rod provided at its lower extremity with a valve
working on a seat or valve opening on to which it is pressed by a spring acting
through a rod and a lever upon the valve rod. The upper part of this rod works
in a tight fitting stuffing box.
The oil is pumped into the space between the sides of the aforesaid compressing
tube and the central rod under high pressure. The said oil present in the narrow
concentric space between the rod and the externally heated side or sides of the
compressing chamber or tube becomes so highly heated that the more volatile part
thereof is converted into vapour in the said space whilst a less volatile component
part of the oil owing to the pressure is partly superheated and is not converted into
vapour until the pressure is reduced on its escaping through the valve opening
whereupon it is immediately vapourised whilst a part still less readily convertible
into vapour escapes in liquid condition through the valve opening where it is
atomized by the rush of vapour and consumed in the next explosion.
In place of causing the oil to pass through the compressing tube or chamber in
direct contact with the rod the said rod may be inserted in a tube or sheath, the
oil being caused to flow in the space between this sheath and the compressing
tube.
The forcing of the oil to be evaporated through the narrow space or passage
and the opening of the valve are arranged to occur at the same time as the
compression takes place in the explosion chamber.
This chamber during the compression period contains pure air which entered
through the air valves hereinbefore referred to, this air having been mixed with the
products of the preceding explosion. In order to ensure a thorough and intimate
mixture of the oil vapour and the unevaporated atomized oil, with the air in the
combustion chamber a plate or deflector having inclined sides or surfaces is
provided opposite to the valve opening against which plate the jet of vapour and
oil is caused to impinge and is deflected by the said iuclined surfaces so as to have
imparted to it a whirling movement, thereby forming an intimate mixture of the
air and products of combustion. As the compression of the mixture in the
combustion chamber (which is directly connected with the cylinder of the engine)
proceeds, the line of demarcation between the residual products and the fresh
charge gradually moves back through the passage connecting the combustion
chamber with the annular space surrounding the compressing chamber so that just
when the piston reaches the end of its back stroke the fresh mixture enters the
ignition tube and is exploded by contact with the heated walls thereof, the
explosion extending throughout the aforesaid annular space or chamber and
connecting passage and proceeding to the combustion or explosion chamber whence
the force developed is transmitted by the piston to the motor.
The mineral oil or naphtha vapour lamp for the igniter consists of a bent tube
provided with a nipple or nozzle. The mineral oil or naphtha supplied under
pressure through the tube is vapourised in the curved or bent part of the said tube
(which is heated by the flame of the lamp) and escapes from the nozzle in the
form of vapour which mixes with air in the vicinity of the ignition tube where it

page_text: burns and heats the igniter, whilst the products of its combustion pass through the
flue or heating chamber and heat the vapouriser.
In starting an engine provided with this improved vapouriser the vapouriser is
heated by the lamp but when the engine is at work it is further heated by
the products of combustion in the annular space surrounding the compressing
chamber.
Moreover in case the governor, owing to an excessive speed of the engine,
causes an explosion or explosions to be omitted, the vapouriser is heated by the
lamp alone, so that the vapouriser is maintained at an approximately uniform
temperature independently of whether the machine is working under a load or
otherwise.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.
GUMI LELE DIUITIATION.
Improvements in or connected with what are commonly known as
Petroleum or Oil Engines.
We GEORG ADOLPH LIST, Merchant, VICTOR LIST, Engineer and JAKOW
KOSAKOFF, Engineer, all of Haus List, Sophienquai, Moscow, in the Empire of
Russia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
.
This invention relates to engines or motors which are worked by the combustion
or explosion of a mixture of a hydro-carbon or mineral oil with air and the said
invention consists of a novel arrangement of the vapouriser in the interior of which
the liquid hydrocarbon (we will hereinafter refer to it as oil) introduced under
pressure is heated being afterwards injected partly in the form of vapour and partly
in the form of spray into the chamber in which the mixing with air and the
production of the explosive mixture takes place as hereinafter described.
The improved vapouriser according to this invention forms a chamber directly
connected with the explosion chamber of the engine the liquid hydro-carbon being
forced into an extended but narrow space or passage or spaces or passages which
may be formed by the surfaces of bodies which become heated the said bodies being
placed in close proximity one within the other the space or spaces being separated
by a valve from the explosion chamber.
The said heated bodies may consist of a heated tube for example and a well
fitted rod or bar inserted therein so arranged that the oil can be forced into the
space between them or they may consist of tubes one being inserted within the
other so that there is a narrow space between their adjacent surfaces.
The oil being forced into this narrow space is so strongly heated by the hot walls
or sides of the tubes or the like that the light volatile parts the low hydrocarbons-
become converted into vapour in the said narrow space whilst another part of the
oil of less volatility-owing to the high pressure to which it is subjected, becomes
partially superheated and remains liquid until the valve is opened when it flows
through the latter and becomes instantaneously converted into vapour owing to the
reduction in pressure which it then experiences. The remainder-hydrocarbons of
least volatility-passes through the valve and is blown by the action of the vapour
into extremely minute particles which are consumed when the combustion or
explosion of the mixture takes place.
The forcing of the oil to be evaporated through the narrow space or passage and
the opening of the valve closing the narrow passage take place simultaneously with
the compression in the explosion chamber of the engine so that an intimate mixture
of the previously admitted air with the gases and vapours is ensured. In order to

page_text: obtain a more certain and intimate mixture of the unvapourised fine spray of oil
with the air, the vapour and the finely pulverised oil are caused to impinge against
a device presenting multiple inclined surfaces whereby the vapour and liquid
particles are caused to have a whirling motion and are thereby brought into very
perfect and intimate contact with the air.
The walls of the aforesaid narrow passage or passages are heated by means of
the gases escaping from the lamp employed to heat the igniting tube of the engine
provided with the improved vapouriser and when the engine is in motion the heat
of the products of the explosion is also utilised for the same purpose being
conducted into a space or chamber surrounding the vapouriser through a passage
which also connects the igniting tube with the charging space of the engine at a
place where an explosive mixture is certain to be present after the compression of
the charge.
And in order that our said invention may be fully understood we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheet of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings respresents in vertical section an example
of a vapouriser constructed according to this invention.
Figure 2 illustrates the vapouriser likewise in vertical section the section being
taken at right angles to the section in Figure 1.
Figure 3 illustrates part of the apparatus in horizontal section the section being
taken on the line 3-3 Figure 2 and viewed from below.
Figure 4 represents another part of the apparatus in horizontal section the
section being taken on the line 4-4 Figure 2.
Figure 5 illustrates in section a modified form of an important part of the
vapouriser.
In the example of a vapouriser constructed according to this invention as
represented in Figures 1 to 4 the vapouriser proper (hereinafter described) is
combined with an igniter o, a mineral oil or naphtha vapour lamp p² p³, a heating
chamber Y, a charging or explosion chamber C and two mechanically controlled
air valves and 42. The vapouriser is constructed with a body H represented as
being of cylindrical form with hollow sides and as being arranged between the
cylinder cover B₁ of a petroleum or oil engine (the other parts of which are not
shewn in the drawing as they may be of any ordinary or suitable construction),
and a transverse bridge piece D' connected to the said cover. The body H is
effectually insulated from the bridge piece D¹ and the cylinder cover B¹ by means
of asbestos or other suitable packing and is formed with a tube d surrounded by
an annular chamber K communicating through a passage p (Figure 2) with the
combustion or explosion chamber C. In the longitudinal axis of this vapouriser
and capable of sliding in the direction thereof is arranged a rod m provided at its
lower extremity with a valve I fitted accurately to a seat or valve opening 11 on to
which it is pressed by a spring acting through a rod t2 and a lever upon
the valve rod m. The upper part of this rod works in a tight fitting stuffing
box b¹.
By means of a tube c', Figure 2, oil is pumped into the space between the sides
of the tube and the rod in under high pressure. The said oil being contained
in the narrow concentric space between the rod m and the externally heated side or
sides d' becomes so highly heated that the more volatile part thereof is converted
into vapour in the said space whilst a less volatile component part of the oil, owing
to the pressure is partly superheated and is not converted into vapour until the
pressure is reduced on its escaping through the valve opening 1' whereupon it is
immediately vapourised whilst a part still less readily convertible into vapour
escapes in liquid condition through the valve opening I where it is atomized by the
rush of vapour and consumed in the next explosion.
In place of causing the oil to pass through the tube d¹ in direct contact with
the rod m the said rod may be inserted in a tube or sheath m' as represented in

page_text: Figure 5, the oil being caused to flow in the space between this sheath and the
tube d¹.
The forcing of the oil to be evaporated through the narrow space or passage and
the opening of the valve I are arranged to occur at the same time the compression
takes place in the explosion chamber C.
This chamber during the compression period contains pure air which entered
through the valves and 2, this air having been mixed with the products of the
preceding explosion. In order to ensure a thorough and intimate mixture of the
oil vapour and the unevapourated atomized oil, with the air in the combustion
chamber C a plate J having inclined sides or surfaces (Figure 1) is provided
opposite to the valve opening I against which plate the jet of vapour and oil is
caused to impinge and is deflected by the said inclined surfaces so as to have
imparted to it a whirling movement, thereby forming an intimate mixture of the
air and products of combustion. As the compression of the mixture in the
chamber C (which is directly connected with the cylinder of the engine) proceeds,
the line of demarcation between the residual products and the fresh charge
gradually moves back through the small passage p (Figure 2) towards the hollow
space K so that just when the piston reaches the end of its back stroke the fresh
mixture enters the ignition tube and is exploded by contact with the heated walls
thereof, the explosion extending throughout the chamber K and through the
passage p, proceeds to the chamber C whence the force developed is transmitted
by the piston to the motor.
The mineral oil or naphtha vapour lamp for the igniter consists of a bent tube p²
Figure 2 provided with a nipper or nozzle p³. The mineral oil or naphtha supplied
under pressure through the tube p² is vapourised in the curved or bent part of the
said tube (which is heated by the flame of the lamp) and escapes from the nozzle
in the form of vapour which mixes with air in the vicinity of the ignition tube o
where it burns and heats the igniter, whilst the products of its combustion pass
through the flue or heating chamber Y and heat the vapouriser.
In starting an engine provided with this improved vapouriser the vapouriser is
beated by the lamp but when the engine is at work it is further heated by the
products of combustion in the surrounding space K.
Moreover in case the governor, owing to an excessive speed of the engine, causes
an explosion or explosions to be omitted the vapouriser is heated by the lamp alone,
so that the vapouriser is maintained at an approximately uniform temperature,
independently of whether the machine is working under a load or otherwise.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A vapouriser for petroleum or oil engines having a narrow space or passage
or narrow spaces or passages in combination with a valve the said space or passage
or spaces or passages being formed between extended and slightly separated
surfaces of concentric or contiguous bodies (such as m d'and m' d¹) and through
which the oil or liquid hydrocarbon is conducted and in which it becomes partially
vapourised so that when the said valve is opened an unvapourized portion which
has been superheated by the action of the great resistance presented to its passage
is forced into the combustion chamber and in consequence of the lower pressure
existing in the latter is vapourised the vapours so produced being then mixed with
the air required to form the explosive mixture substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. A vapouriser for petroleum or oil engines having a narrow space or passage
or narrow spaces or passages in combination with a valve and a deflecting device
opposite to the outlet from the valve the said space or passage or spaces or passages
being formed between extended and slightly separated surfaces of concentric or
contiguous bodies and through which the oil or liquid hydrocarbon is conducted
and in which it becomes partially vapourized so that when the said valve is opened

page_text: an unvapourized portion which has been superheated in the said space or passage
or spaces or passages becomes vapourized and a still further portion remaining
unvapourized is broken up or sprayed the vapours and spray then meeting the
deflecting device and becoming thoroughly mixed with air to form an explosive or
-combustible charge substantially as herein before described.
3. In a vapouriser for petroleum or oil engines arranged and operating as herein-
before set forth and claimed the provision of a surrounding space K into which the
products of combustion are caused to pass through a passage p which also connects
the igniter tube o with the combustion chamber at a point where an explosive
mixture is present substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
4. The arrangements and combinations of parts constituting the improved
vapourizer for petroleum or oil engines substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 5th day of December 1802
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.