Improvements in Apparatus for Measuring and Dividing Liquids or Gases Under High Pressure.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Measuring and Dividing Liquids
or Gases Under High Pressure.
I, HERMANN HAMMERSCHMIDT of Barmen-Rittershausen in the Empire of
Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The apparatus heretofore known for measuring or dividing liquids or gases
under a high pressure, and which are intended to separate small quantities of
liquid from the main receiver, were defective as the same could not be kept tight.
The great pressure of the liquid caused the same to penetrate the frequent joints
existing in such intermediate apparatus by constant use of same.
To remedy this defect I employ a hollow spindle which is movable axially, and
at certain times also serves as a seat for a valve, which latter is formed with a
thread and connected axially by means of a nut with a second valve.
By such combination the hollow axially movable spindle forms in one position,
an outlet pipe for the measured quantity of liquid, while when lowered it is acting
as a seat for the lower valve, thereby cutting off the measuring chamber in two
directions, while also the valve rests firmly on its seat. The lower valve which
cuts off the measuring chamber against the inlet pipe from the main receiver is
only then lifted when the lowering of the spindle is continued, when a fresh
quantity of liquid can enter and fill the measuring chamber.
During this introduction period of the liquid the upper valve is closed in con-
sequence of the continued axial movement of the spindle, by means of a spring and
the overpressure of the liquid.
On lifting the spindle the lower valve which is also depressed by a spring, places
itself on its seat, thereby cutting off the measuring chamber against the inlet pipe
of the liquid, and only by a continued lifting of the spindle the bore of the latter
gets removed from the upper valve and the measured liquid can be utilized as
desired, as for instance by evaporation for preserving and cooling of beer or for
other purposes.
It can be understood that the central arrangement of all these parts, the axial
movement, lifting and lowering of the hollow spindle acting as valve seat, and the
valves, must ensure constant secure joints even under high pressure, and all
eccentrical or sudden motions of the valves are obviated, the whole arrangement
and mode of action consists in a successive lifting and lowering of the valves and
the spindle.
The measuring apparatus consists principally in a hollow or tubular body which
surrounds the real measuring chamber, which latter in one direction is cut off by
means of a valve and seat and covered by a knee piece to which the inlet pipe is
attached, which is connected to the receiver containing the liquid. On the other
eide the hollow or tubular body is cut off from a tube piece in which the hollow
spindle is mounted by means of a stuffing box in the ordinary manner.

page_text: This hollow spindle may be arranged axially movable and depressable by means
of a thread.
The depressing, results by turning the spindle, or the axial movement of the
spindle may also be obtained without turning the same, by depressing the spindle
from the outside.
The mouth of the hollow spindle also forms the seat for the valve which is
continually pressed on its seat by means of a spring.
The upper valve is connected with the shank of the lower valve formed with a
bent passage, by means of a nut in order that the upper valve, by an axial
movement will come against the shank of the lower valve, the latter thereby
getting lifted.
The lower valve is always pressed tightly against its seat by means of a spring.
It is to be mentioned that the passage in the spindle communicates with the
said tubular piece, to which is attached the conduit for the outgoing gases. The
action and use is as follows:-
When the hollow spindle is in its highest position, the lower valve is tightly
pressed against its seat in consequence of the spring and the pressure existing
in the inlet pipe, while the upper valve is lifted off and liberated from its
lifted seat.
The measuring chamber is therefore in connection with the outlet pipe.
If the hollow spindle is lowered from its lifted position it will firstly come to
rest against the upper valve, and the measuring chamber is cut off in that direction
against the outlet pipe.
By the second motion, the hollow spindle lowers the upper valve, in order that
the same will ultimately meet the shank of the lower valve, thereby lowering the
latter and removing it from its seat.
The gas or liquid under great pressure then enters the measuring chamber
through the inlet pipe & fills it up.
If the motion of the spindle is reversed, that is to say, the spindle lifted, a
reversed action takes place, the lower valve will firstly come to rest against its seat,
while the upper valve still remains open.
At such moment the measuring chamber is closed in each direction, and only by
further movement of the spindle towards the top, the upper valve opens and the
measured liquid enters the outlet pipe and creates a certain pressure in the same.
In this manner a lower pressure can be produced in a vessel, from a vessel under
higher pressure by means of the described measuring apparatus and retained and
increased according to requirement, as required and desired in certain branches, as
for instance for the use of carbonic acid for different purposes in the public trade,
as for the production of mineral water etc.
The application of this apparatus for drawing beer is as follows:-The barrel is
provided with a tap of known construction, to such tap is attached on one side, the
herein before described measuring apparatus provided with inlet and outlet pipes,
the latter leading directly to the tap which is open at its lower end.
To prevent shocks in the pressure gauge during the inlet of the measured
quantity of carbonic acid, a small air vessel provided with a safety valve is
arranged in front of the guage, and the same protected from a direct shock by
means of a bonnet.
The measuring apparatus instead of being attached below the barrel may also be
employed near the draw off tap, and the lower and upper valves instead of being
arranged on one axis may be arranged besides each other and connected by means
of levers.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Measuring and Dividing Liquids
or Gases Under High Pressure.
I, HERMANN HAMMERSCHMIDT, of Barmen-Rittershausen in the Empire of
Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The apparatus heretofore known for measuring or dividing liquids or gases under
a high pressure, and which are intended to separate small quantities of liquid
from the main receiver, were defective as the same could not be kept tight.
The great pressure of the liquid caused the same to penetrate the frequent joints
existing in such intermediate apparatus by constant use of same.
And in order that my invention may be better understood I have caused to be
appended hereunto one sheet of drawings marked with letters of reference indicating
like parts in the various figures.
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the apparatus
Figs. 2, & 3, side elevations respectively showing the same applied to a beer
barrel.
In carrying out my invention and referring to Fig. 1. I employ a hollow
spindle p. which is movable axially, & at certain times also serves as a seats for
a valve v, which latter is formed with a thread and connected axially by means of
a nut e, with a second valve v.
By such combination the hollow axially movable spindle, forms in one position
an outlet pipe w for the measured quantity of liquid, while when lowered it is
acting as a seat 8 for the valve v, thereby cutting off the measuring chamber m in
two directions, while also the valve rests firmly on its seat 8. The lower
valve v which cuts off the measuring chamber against the inlet pipe z, from the
main receiver is only then lifted when the lowering of the spindle p is continued,
when a fresh quantity of liquid can enter and fill the measuring chamber m.
During this introduction period of the liquid the upper valve v is closed in
consequence of the continued axial movement of the spindle p, by means of a
spring f, and the overpressure of the liquid.
On lifting the spindle p the lower valve v', which is also depressed by a spring fl
places itself on its seat 8', thereby cutting off the measuring chamber m against the
inlet pipe z, of the liquid, and only by a continued lifting of the spindle p, the bore
of the latter gets removed from the upper valve v and the measured liquid can be
utilized as desired, as for instance by evaporation for preserving and cooling of
beer or for other purposes.
It can be understood that the central arrangement of all these parts, the axial
movement, lifting and lowering of the hollow spindle p acting as valve seat, and
the valves, must ensure constant secure joints even under high pressure, and all
eccentrical or sudden motions of the valves are obviated, the whole arrangement
and mode of action consists in a successive lifting and lowering of the valves and
the spindle p

page_text: The measuring apparatus consista principally in a hollow or tubular body g,
which surrounds the real measuring chamber m, which latter in one direction is cut
off by means of a valve v¹ and seat s³, and covered by a knee piece k, to which the
inlet pipe z is attached, which is connected to the receiver containing the liquid.
On the other side the hollow or tubular body g is cut off from a tube piece rin
which the hollow spindle p is mounted by means of a stuffing box y in the ordinary
manner,
This hollow spindle p may be arranged axially movable and depressable by
means of a thread i.
The depressing results by turning the spindle p, or the axial movement of the
spindle may also be obtained without turning the same, by depressing the
spindle p from the outside.
The mouth of the bollow spindle p also forms the seat s for the valve v which is
continually pressed on its seat by means of a spring f.
; The upper valve v is connected with the shank of the lower valve v¹, formed
with a bent passage, by means of a nut e in order that the upper valve v, by an
axial movement, will come against the shank 1, of the lower valve vl, the latter
thereby getting lifted.
The lower valve is always pressed tightly against its seat a¹ by means of a
spring f¹.
It is to be mentioned that the passage in the spindle communicates with a
passage a formed in the said tubular piece r to which is attached the conduit a¹
for the outgoing gases. The action & use is as follows:-When the hollow
spindle p is in its highest position, the lower valve vis tightly pressed against
its seats in consequence of the spring and the pressure existing in the inlet
pipe, while the upper valve v is liberated from its lifted seat.
The measuring chamber m is therefore in connection with the outlet pipe a¹.
If the hollow spindle p is lowered from its lifted position it will firstly come to
rest against the upper valve v, and the measuring chamber m is cut off in that
direction against the outlet pipe a¹.
By the second motion, the hollow spindle p lowers the upper valve v, in order
that the same will ultimately meet the shank vl, of the lower valve v¹, thereby
lowering the latter and removing it from its seat s¹.
The gas or liquid under great pressure then enters the measuring chamber m
through the inlet pipe z, & fills it up.
If the motion of the spindle p is reversed, that is to say, the spindle p lifted, a
reversed action takes place, the lower valve v¹ will firstly come to rest against its
seat 81, while the upper valve u still remains open.
At such moment the measuring chamber m is closed in each direction, and only
by further movement of the spindle p towards the top, the upper valve v opens
and the measured liquid enters the outlet pipe a¹, and creates a certain pressure in
the same.
In this manner a lower pressure can be produced in a vessel, from a vessel under
higher pressure by means of the described measuring apparatus and retained and
increased according to requirement, as required and desired in certain branches, as
for instance for the use of carbonic acid for different purposes in the public trade,
as for the production of mineral water, etc.
The application of this apparatus for drawing beer is as follows:-See Figs. 2
and 3. The barrel is provided with a tap h of known construction, to such tap h
is attached on one side, the herein before described measuring apparatus m provided
with inlet and outlet pipes and a, the latter leading directly to the tap / which
is open at its lower end.
•
To prevent shocks in the pressure gauge t, during the inlet of the measured
quantity of carbonic acid, a small air vessel d, provided with a safety valve is
arranged in front of the gauge t, and the same protected from a direct shock by
means of a bonnet q. The measuring apparatus instead of being attached below

page_text: the barrel may also be employed near the draw off tap h, see Fig. 2, & the lower
& upper valves
v,
² instead of being arranged on one axis may be arranged besides
each other & connected by means of levers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim, is:-
In measuring and dividing apparatus for liquids or gases under high pressure:-
The employment of a hollow axially movable spindle p which acts simultaneously
as outlet pipe and valve seat, in combination with two valves v and v which are
also arranged axially and are actuated in succession by means of the said spindle p,
whereby the closing of one valve and opening of the other is obtained for the
purpose of admitting to, dividing in, and drawing off, from outlet of the same a
certain quantity of liquids or gases.