Year: 1898

page_text: I, MOSES KELLOW, of the Park and Croesor Quarries, Penrhyndeudraeth, North
Wales, Quarry Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to means applicable for use in rock boring operations, and
particularly, though not exclusively, adapted for drilling slate rock; the object of the
invention being to produce a drill capable of being set up for use upon a sloping or
other face and of being manipulated by a single operator.
Heretofore in quarrying slate, it has generally been deemed impracticable to
employ rock drills, except to a very limited extent in connection with hard layers of
interstratified igneous rock. The drills so used have been of the type known as
steam or compressed-air percussive drills, and have proved very unsatisfactory in
practice.
A drill constructed according to my improved method is preferably of the rotary
type, whereby smoother working is ensured; the drill being operated by hydraulic
means through the medium of a bucket or Peeton wheel and speed-reducing gear.
The latter may be of the epicyclic type, and comprise a central spur pinion, a
surrounding internally-toothed wheel and an intermediate wheel or set of intermediate
wheels meshing with the central pinion and the outer wheel. The pressure fluid in
addition to being used to drive the drill is utilised for keeping the drill up to its work,
for withdrawing the same from the bore hole and for clearing the latter of
debris.
Within a suitable casing is mounted a bucket wheel to which the pressure water
is applied from a nozzle disposed tangentially to the circular path of the buckets, the
jet being controlled by means of a longitudinally moveable conical-ended needle.
The hub of this wheel is keyed upon a sleeve which is furnished with a toothed
pinion. Around this toothed pinion are arranged three or other suitable number of
toothed wheels mounted upon a carrier which is free to rotate. Upon the hub of the
carrier is keyed another toothed pinion, which meshes with another set of epicyclically
arranged wheels mounted upon a carrier or upon arms which extend froin a sleeve
through which the drill tube passes and with which it is connected by means of a
feather and feather-way. Each set of epicyclic wheels meshes with an internally-toothed
wheel or circular rack rigidly attached to the casing. The rear portion of the drill
tube is supported in a cylindrical extension which may be screwed into the rear of the
casing. The outer end of the tube is provided with a piston which may be composed
of lignum vitæ. The extension is formed with chambers or passages for admitting
the pressure water behind the piston for advancing or keeping the drill up to its
work, and for supplying the water to the drill tube and to the passage or passages

page_text: .
through the drill for lubricating purposes and for clearing the drill and bore hole.
Another passage leads to the front of the piston and serves to admit the pressure
water to effect the withdrawal of the drill. These passages are in communication
with the main supply nozzle through a four-way cock whereof the plug is formed
with curved passages and may be adapted to fulfil the functions of a slide valve, and
by means of which the supply to the desired passage or passages or the exhaust
therefrom to the motor-wheel chamber may be controlled or entirely shut off.
The drill is preferably held in 'the drill tube by friction, and with that object it
may be formed with a tapered shank for fitting in a tapered hole in the drill tube.
The outer end of the shank may be screw-threaded to ensure the retreat of the drill
with the drill tube. The outer diameter of the drill tube is preferably smaller than
that of the drill with a view to facilitating the escape of the debris and diminishing
friction during boring..
The casing is provided with a partition whereby access of the water to the reducing
gear is, prevented.
When operating in an open quarry or chamber, the drill is set up for work in the
following manner.
Two holes are formed in the face of the rock to be operated on. Into each of these
holes is passed a tube, same being screw-threaded on its exterior surface. For firmly
securing these tubes in the rock, a clamping device is employed comprising a spindle
provided with a turning nut in the centre of its length. The said spindle is furnished
with a right-hand screw-thread on one side of the nut and with a left-hand screw-
thread on the other side, for screwing into lugs respectively carried by the tubes.
Thus, upon turning the screwed spindle, the lugs are caused to approach each other
with the result that the tubes are drawn tightly against the sides of the holes formed
for them in the face of the rock. The lower portion of the casing of the drill is
adapted to pass on to the screw-threaded tubes and is secured upon the said tubes at
the required position by means of nuts screwed up to and bearing against the upper
and lower sides of the drill casing. Through the upper portion of the casing is screwed
a rod furnished with a hand-wheel, the inner end of the rod being pointed and being
forced against the face of the rock. The object of this device is to preserve the
parallelism of the screw-threaded tubes, to take up deflection of said tubes due to
pressure applied to the drill previous to the commencement of the boring process,
and to lessen vibration during the working of the drill.
When operating the drill in a tunnel, the drilling machine may be mounted upon
a column or bi-part rack; the casing is adapted to fit between the two racks forming
the sides of the column and is provided with a socket on either side for the reception
of a set-screw intended to be inserted between, and to take a bearing on, the teeth
of the rack, and the racks being of flat and light section a slight deflection is set up
on the tightening of the set-screws, the drill being thus secured in the required
position. The column is adapted to engage with the ceiling and floor of the tunnel
and is furnished with ineans, such as a screw, for forcing its extremities firmly against
the material forming the ceiling and floor.
By arranging the drill tube so as to work through the machine as above described,
the drill may be adjusted in close proximity to the rock, thus facilitating its application
and securing greater rigidity.

page_text: Improved Means Applicable for use in Boring Rock.
I, MOSES KELLOW, of the Park and Croesor Quarries, Penrhyndeudraeth, North
Wales, Quarry Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to means applicable for use in rock boring operations, and
particularly, though not exclusively, adapted for drilling slate rock; the object of the
invention being to produce a drill capable of being set up for use upon a sloping or
other face and of being manipulated by a single operator.
Heretofore in quarrying slate, it has generally been deemed impracticable to employ
rock drills, except to a very limited extent in connection with hard layers of inter-
stratified igneous rock. The drills SO used have been of the type known as
steam or compressd-air percussive drills, and have proved very unsatisfactory in
practice.
A drill constructed according to my improved method is preferably of the rotary type,
whereby smoother working is ensured; the drill being operated by hydraulic means
through the medium of a bucket or Pelton wheel and speed-reducing gear. The
latter may be of the epicyclic type and comprise a central spur pinion, a sur-
rounding internally-toothed wheel and an intermediate wheel or set of intermediate
wheels meshing with the central pinion and the outer wheel. The pressure fluid in
addition to being used to drive the drill is utilised for keeping the drill up to its
work, for withdrawing the same from the bore hole and for clearing the latter of
debris.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus; portions of the cylindrical
extension, drill-tube and pipe for conveying the pressure liquid to the rear of the said
extension being removed so as to render the construction clear.
Fig. 2 is a view looking towards the rear of the casing; the cylindrical extension
being removed and the drill-tube being shown in half transverse section.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line x-x in Fig. 1 illustrating the positions of
the tubes for conducting the pressure liquid, the pressure liquid supply valve and the
nozzle in the motor wheel chamber.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through the nozzle and pressure liquid inlet
thereto.
Fig. 5 is a transverse section on the line y-y in Fig. 1 illustrating the con-
struction of the speed-reducing gear.
Fig. 6 is an elevation of the apparatus set up according to my improved method
for working in an open quarry; Fig. 7 being a plan, on a larger scale, of the supporting
tubes.
Fig. 8 is an elevation of the apparatus set up for working in a tunnel; Fig. 9
being a transverse section through one side of the bi-part supporting rack.
Within a suitable casing A is mounted a bucket wheel B to which the pressure
water is applied from a nozzle C disposed tangentially to the circular path of the
buckets, the jet being controlled by means of a longitudinally moveable conical-ended
needle c. This needle is screwed through the stuffing-box in order that the drill
may be brought nearer to the rock at the top than would be practicable if the needle
were made plane where it resides in the stuffing-box. The hub of the wheel B is
keyed upon a sleeve B¹ which is furnished with a toothed pinion D. Around this
toothed pinion are arranged three or other suitable number of toothed wheels D¹
mounted upon a carrier D2 which is free to rotate. Upon the hub of the carrier D2
is keyed another toothed pinion D* which meshes with another set of epicyclically

page_text: The
the
arranged wheels D₁x mounted upon arms or a carrier D2x which extend or extends
from a sleeve D³ through which the drill-tube E passes and with which it is connected
by means of a feather and feather-way. Each set of epicyclic wheels D¹ and D¹x
meshes with an internally-toothed wheel or circular rack D or D** rigidly attached
to the casing A. The portion of the drill-tube E in rear of the sleeve D³ is supported
in a cylindrical extension A¹ through the rear end of which latter the drill-tube may
be withdrawn after disconnecting the cap A¹. The extension A¹ may be screwed
into the rear of the casing A; but in the example illustrated it is represented as a
solid drawn steel tube and is united to the cover A° of the casing A by means of a
flange A2 shrunk on the inner end of such extension. The rear-end of the drill-tube.
is provided with a piston E¹ preferably constructed of gunmetal and having cup-
leathers ee held in position by the washers e¹ e¹ of lignum vitæ and the flanged
sleeve e² and end-plate e³. The flanged sleeve e² is secured to the drill-tube
and rotates therewith within the piston, the cup-leathers and the washers;
the lignum vitæ surfaces thereby receiving the longitudinal thrust.
piston may, however, be composed of lignum vitæ. Leakage from
cylinder along the drill-tube and the sleeve D³ is prevented by means of stuffing-
boxes, such as shown at E2 and D5. Lubricant from a lubricator aº is supplied to the
working faces by way of the annular passage a* and right- and left-hand screw-threads
on the sleeves B¹ and D³ respectively, the former sleeve being provided with grooves
and radial perforations d³ and the latter is provided with longitudinal grooves to
facilitate the diffusion of the oil. The oil thus conducted between the working parts
serves also as an absorbent of vibration. The extension A¹ is formed with a chamber
or passage a¹ for admitting the pressure water behind the piston E¹ for advancing
the drill and keeping the same up to its work, and for supplying the water to the
interior of the drill-tube and to the passage or passages et through the drill e³ for
lubricating purposes and for clearing the drill and bore-hole.
Another passage a²
leads into the cylindrical extension A¹ in front of the piston and serves to admit the
pressure water to effect the withdrawal of the drill. The passages a¹ and a² are each
in communication with the main supply nozzle C through a four-way cock F whereof
the plug f is formed with curved passages f¹ f, and may be adapted to fulfil the
functions of a slide-valve, and by means of which the supply or exhaust of pressure
liquid to or from the said passage or passages may be controlled or entirely shut off.
The cock F is supported by a plate F¹, the latter also supporting the pipes or
tubes ax and c¹. The tube ax in the position in which the cock F is shown conducts
the pressure liquid which passes from the inlet C by way of the pipe c' through the
passage f¹ of the plug f to the pipe a¹ and thence to the back of the piston for
effecting the forward motion of the drill-tube. The tube a2, when the curved
passage of the plug is in open communication with the pipe c¹, conducts the
pressure liquid to the pipe a² and thence to the front of the piston for effecting the
withdrawal of the drill. It will be seen that the exhaust passes into the motor-wheel
chamber. b is an aperture in the latter chamber for admitting air and avoiding
accumulation of water in said chamber.
The drill e is preferably held in the drill-tube by friction, and with that object it
may be formed with a tapered shank for fitting in a tapered hole in the drill-tube.
The outer end of the shank may however be screw-threaded to ensure the retreat of
the drill with the drill-tube. The outer diameter of the drill-tube is preferably
smaller than that of the drill with a view to facilitating the escape of the debris and
diminishing friction during boring. The inner surface of the sleeve D³ is recessed at
the forward end to permit the enlarged part of the drill shank to enter therein upon
the withdrawal of the drill from the bore-hole.
The casing A is provided with a partition A³ whereby access of the water to the
speed-reducing gear is prevented.
When operating in an open quarry or chamber, the drill is set up for work in the
following manner :-
Two holes G, G are formed in the face of the rock to be operated on.
Into each of
these holes is passed a tube G¹, G¹, same being preferably screw-threaded on its

page_text: exterior surface, with the object of securing a better bite on the surface of the holes.
For firmly securing these tubes into the holes in the rock, a clamping device is
employed comprising a right- and left-hand screw-spindle G2 provided with a turning
nut Gs in the centre of its length, whereby the said spindle is screwed into lugs G* G*
respectively carried by the tubes G1 G¹. Thus, upon inserting a bar in the nut G³
and turning the screwed spindle G2, the lugs G G are caused to approach each other
with the result that the tubes G¹ G¹ are drawn tightly against the sides of the
holes G G in the face of the rock. The lower portion of the casing A of the drill is
provided with apertures Gx (x adapted to pass on to the screw-threaded tubes G¹G¹
and is secured upon the said tubes at the required position by means of nuts G° G°
screwed up to and bearing against the front and rear of the casing A. Through
the upper portion of the casing is screwed a rod H furnished with a hand-wheel H',
the inner end of the rod being pointed and being forced against the face of the rock.
The object of this device is to take up any deflection of the tubes G¹ G¹ resulting
from the application of pressure to the drill previous to the commencement of the
boring process and the inaccuracy of the fit of the tubes in the holes G, thereby
preserving the parallelism of the tubes G¹ with relation to the drill-tube, and to
lessen vibration during the working of the drill.
When operating in a tunnel, the drill may be mounted upon a column or bi-part
rack I. The casing A of the drill is adapted to fit between and against the two
rack portions of the column and is provided on each side with a bearing i whereof
the hole for the reception of the set-screw for tightening the machine to the
column is preferably furnished with a bush of delta metal. The set-screw is inserted
between, and takes a bearing on, the teeth of the rack, and the racks being of flat
and light section a slight deflection is set up on the tightening of the set-screws,
the drill being thus secured in the required position. The column is adapted to
engage by means of points I¹ I with the ceiling and floor of the tunnel and, by means
of the screw 12, its extremities are firmly forced against the ceiling and floor
respectively.
By arranging the drill-tube so as to work through the machine as above described,
the drill may be adjusted in close proximity to the rock, thus facilitating its
application and securing greater rigidity in working.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :-
1. The improved rotary drill constructed and operating substantially as herein
described and wherein the drill is actuated rotatively and longitudinally by hydraulic
means; the operation of the drill being effected by mechanism arranged concentrically
with the drill-holder and comprising a motor wheel, such as a Pelton wheel, speed-
reducing gear of the epicyclic type, a piston, enclosed within a cylinder, mounted
at the rear end of the drill-holder and exposed to the pressure water, the latter
passing through spiral passages formed in the drill and serving to wash out the
debris; the drill-holder being moreover capable of withdrawal through the rear of the
apparatus.
2. In rotary drilling apparatus, a drill-tube or -holder having a piston at its rear
end working in a cylindrical extension of the motor casing, a bucket-wheel, two
epicyclic speed-reducing gears each comprising a central spur pinion, a stationary
surrounding internally-toothed wheel and an intermediate wheel or set of inter-
mediate wheels meshing with the central pinion and the outer wheel; the central
spur pinion of the one gear being integral with the sleeve whereon the motor wheel
is mounted, while the intermediate-wheel-carrier of the other gear is integral with
a sleeve which is furnished with a feather for engaging in a feather-way in the
drill-tube, a nozzle in the motor-wheel chamber provided with a conical plug, and a
pressure supply valve capable of being put into communication with said nozzle
and with suitable pipe connections or passages, substantially as and for the purposes
specified.

page_text: :
3. The improved means for setting up a rotary rock-drill for work on an open face,
substantially as described with reference to Figs. 6 and 7 of the accompanying
drawings.
4. The combination with a rotary rock-drill furnished with bearings ii and set-
screws, of the bi-part column or rack I provided with points I¹I' and an adjusting 5
screw I², substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 12th day of June 1899.
For the Applicant,
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
Chartered Patent Agent, Clun House, Surrey Street, London, W.C.,