IMPROVE- MENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH PROVISIONAL SPATIONWITH FOR LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Ernest Spagnoletti, of the Poplars, Aberdeen
Place, Maida Hill, in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Ernest Spagnoletti
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1882.
CHARLES ERNEST SPAGNOLETTI, of the Poplars, Aberdeen Place Maida Hill in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES AND
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in dynamo electric machines, for
generating electricity for the purposes of electric lighting plating, and transference
of power, and other purposes.
In carrying out my Invention, I adopt mainly the following arrangements :-
I employ large electro magnets capped at each end, in such a manner as to
collect the magnetic lines of force at each end, and conduct it to a given central point;
between these points I have a wheel so arranged, that at the end of each spoke, or on a
projection from the periphery of a wheel, I have a coil or coils of wire, with or without
an iron core, the wires are insulated, and led from the coils to the surface of a tube
that forms part of the nave of the wheel. These wires are so arranged that
metallic brushes or pieces of metal pass over them or pieces of metal attached to
them. I have for such purpose collectors so placed that only one set at a time are
in contact with the wires or pieces of metal, and when by revolving the said pieces
of metal are not touching the first two, they are in contact with the second two.―
These collectors connect one or inore pairs of the coils to the lamps or outer circuit,
and the other to the field magnets. The arrangement is so made that when one or
two of the revolving coils are within the influence of the field magnets, the current
is taken to the main circuit, and when leaving or nearing the other end of the
electro magnet, the contrary current is thrown into the field magnets, and keeps up
their power, and by this arrangement both the field magnets and the main circuits
are electrically charged.-Two, four, or more field magnets may be used, and any
number of revolving coils may be added, and these coils may be either single or
double ones on the rotating wheel, either side by side, or one in advance of the
other.-Instead of single core field magnets being used, double ones may be used if
the reverse poles are placed opposite each other, or strong permanent magnets may

page_text: be used, or the electro-magnets may be excited by a battery or secondary batteries,
or a smaller dynamo machine.-The generated power may be regulated by lowering
the speed or by the use of double collectors, so arranged that contact can be broken
or inade with only half the number of the wires from the coils, so that the amount of
current sent into the field magnets may be reduced at will. The revolving coils or
any kind that may now or hereafter be used, may be placed in such a manner and
made to revolve in the surplus currents of electricity that are carried by the rush
of air from my dynamo machine, or any other system as an auxiliary wheel, and
thus the present wasted power may be utilized and the number of lights be
increased. The currents derived from these auxiliary wheels may be used for
exciting the field magnets of its own or other machines, or be otherwise used.-
These machines may be made for high or low tension machines and to suit any
lamps, and of any size, and may be turned by steam, gas, or water power, and also
by electro-motors and for this I use an electro magnet or magnets so arranged that
the armature or armatures being slightly rounded, may rock on the poles of the
magnets. These magnets being excited by currents from batteries, secondary
batteries, or the auxiliary wheel or revolving coils of the machine above referred to.
-The connections I so arrange as to cut off the current from the magnets when
the lever turning the crank is not required to exert any force.-These motors may
be made with double action.-One magnet or set of magnets pulling when the
other magnet or set of magnets are not in action, and by an alternate action force
is obtained and speed increased.-I also make these dynamo-machines of two or more
electro magnets with cores, one divided either throughout or at the ends only by
insulating material or metals for magnetism, so as to distribute the lines of force,
and on the core of the other magnet or magnets is fixed a jaw, which revolves
round the other magnets' core.-These magnets I make either to revolve bodily or
the cores only to move and in contrary directions to each other, which is equal to
accelerating the speed of either.-For joining the main wires or for attaching them
to the lamps etc, I use two pieces of metal, each with a longhead.-Each head is
screwed, and the threads are cut in contrary directions to the other, and a nut or
tube with reverse threads is put on the screws of each piece of metal so that by
turning the nut, I tighten up the screws, and keep them in contact in addition to
the nut. The ends of each screw can be turned or platinized to avoid corrosion,-
and this system gives facilities for connecting and disconnecting lamps from wires
etc, and such connecting screws can be used for any other electrical purposes where
movable connections are required.
My electric lamps I make with two insulated tubes or rockers or trunnions, con-
taining mercury or a fluid that does not freeze.-On this mercury rest two pistons
carrying by another rod carbon holders. At the bottom of each tube is an opening
and fitted thereto is a valve or tube of thin india rubber or other suitable material,
connected to a ball of the same material, or metal chamber with a piston, or the
tube presses a lever or a valve actuated by an electro magnet so made with a double
set of coils wound in opposite directions, that both are acted on at the same time,
and being of required resistance, give equal forces.-These are in a shunt circuit
from the main circuit, so that when the arc is too long, these magnets come into
play, and one repels the other. Through this arrangement, The one pressing on
the valve or tube releases its pressure and allows the mercury in a small quantity
to flow from the tube into the chamber. This allows the pistons carrying the
carbons to fall and restore the are to its required length. When the magnets cease
to act, the tubes holding the fluid are moved by a hinge or trunnion so that the
carbons are divided to establish the arc when lit up.-As a cut off, when the current
is from any cause interrupted in a lamp, the magnets holding the tubes of fluid
cease to act, and the tubes falling back, make contact with a piece of metal, and
this short circuits the lamp.-I also place the carbons one above the other and in
this case the mercury or fluid that flows from the top one to lower the carbon flows
into the bottom tube and raises the lower one.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Ernest Spagnoletti in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd August 1882.
CHARLES ERNEST SPAGNOLETTI of the Poplars Aberdeen Place Maida Hill in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES AND
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in dynamo electric machines for
generating electricity for the purposes of electric lighting plating and transference
of power, and other purposes. In carrying out my Invention I adopt substantially
the following arrangements :-I employ large electro magnets A Fig. 1, capped at
each end (BB) in such a manner as to collect the magnetic lines of force at each
end, and conduct same to a given central point; between these points I have a
wheel C (shown in Fig. 3) so arranged that at the end of each spoke or on a pro-
jection from the periphery of a wheel I have a coil or coils of wire D; with or
without an iron core, the wires are insulated and led from the coils to the surface
of a tube that forms part of the nave of the wheel.-Those wires are so arranged that
metallic brushes or pieces of metal E E pass over them, or pieces of metal are
attached to them.-I have for such purpose collectors F F so placed that only one
set at a time are in contact with the wires or pieces of metal, and when by revolving
the said pieces of metal are not touching the first two they are in contact with the
second two. These collectors F F connect one or more pairs of the coils to the
lamps or outer circuit, and the other to the field magnets A,-The arrangement is so
made that when one or two of the revolving coils are within the influence of the
field magnets, the current is taken to the main circuit, and when leaving or nearing
the other end of the electro magnet, the contrary current is thrown into the field
magnets, and keeps up their power, and by this arrangement both the field magnets
and the main circuit are electrically charged.-Two, four, or more field magnets
may be used, and any number of revolving coils may be added, and these coils may
be either single or double ones (as shown by Fig. 2) on the rotating wheel C, either
side by side or one in advance of the other.-Instead of single core field magnets
heing used, double ones may be used if the reverse poles are placed opposite each
other or strong permanent magnets may be used. The electro-magnets may be
excited by a battery or secondary batteries, or a smaller dynamo machine.-The
generated power may be regulated by lowering the speed, or by the use of double
collectors so arranged that contact can be broken or made with only half the
number of the discs from the coils so that the amount of current sent into the field
magnets may be reduced at will.-The revolving coils or any kind may be placed
in such a manner and made to revolve in the surplus currents of electricity that
are carried by the rush of air from my dynamo machine or any other system, as an
auxiliary wheel, as represented by dotted lines in Fig. 1) and thus the present
wasted power may be utilized, and the number of lights be increased.--The currents
derived from these auxiliary wheels may be used for exciting the field magnets of
their own or other machines, or be otherwise used. These machines may be made
for high or low tension to suit any lamps, and of any size, and may be turned by
steam, gas, or water power, and also by electro-motors, and for this I use an electro
magnet or magnets (G Fig. 4) so arranged that the armature or armatures H being
slightly rounded may rock on the poles of the magnets G, these magnets being
excited by currents from batteries secondary batteries, or the auxiliary wheel or
revolving coils of the machine referred to and shown by Fig. 1 or other dynamo-
machines. The connections I so arrange as to cut off the currents from the

page_text: magnets when the lever turning the crank is not required to exert any force.—These.
motors may be made with double action, one magnet or set of magnets pulling
when the other magnet or set of magnets are not in action, and by an alternate
action force is obtained and speed increased.-I also make these dynamo machines
of two or more electro-magnets with coils (as shown in Fig. 5) one divided either
throughout or at the ends only by insulating material I, or metal for magnetism, so
as to distribute the lines of force, and on the core of the other magnet or magnets
is fixed a jaw K which revolves round the other magnet's core.-These magnets I
make either to revolve bodily or the cores only to move and in contrary directions
to each other, which is equal to accelerating the speed of either;-said reversing
speeds being applicable to any electric dynamo-machine.-For joining the main
wires or for attaching them to the lamps etc, I use two pieces of meta! (L L Fig. 6),
each with a long head.-Each head is screwed so that by turning the nut M, I
tighten up the screws and keep them in contact, and in addition, contact is made
to the nut. The ends of each screw can be tinned or platinized to avoid corrosion,
and this system gives facilities for connecting and disconnecting lamps from wires
&c, and such connecting screws can be used for other electrical purposes where
movable connections are required.-My electric lamp (as illustrated by Fig. 7) I
make with two insulated tubes, rockers, or trunnions N N, containing mercury or
a fluid that does not freeze.-On this mercury rest two pistons O. O. carrying by
another rod carbon holders.-At the bottom of each tube is an opening P, and fitted
thereto is a valve or tube Q of thin india rubber or other suitable material (shown
in Fig. 8) connected to a ball of the same material or metal chamber with a piston
or the tube presses a lever or a valve actuated by an electro-magnet so made with
a double set of coils wound in opposite directions that both are acted on at the
same time; and being of required resistance give equal forces.-These are in a
shunt circuit from the main circuit, so that when the arc is too long these magnets
come into play, and one repels the other as in Fig, 9-Through this arrangement
the one pressing on the valve or tube releases its pressure and allows the mercury
in a small quantity to flow from the tube into the chamber (R Fig 7)-This allows
the pistons O. O. carrying the carbons to fall, and restore the arc to its required
length. When the magnets cease to act, the tubes holding the fluid are moved by
a hinge or trunnion so that the carbons are divided to establish the arc when lit
up. As a cut off when the current is from any cause interrupted in a lamp, the
magnets holding the tubes of fluid cease to act, and the tubes falling back make
contact with a piece of metal and this short circuits the lamp.-I also place the
carbons one above the other, and in this case the mercury or fluid that flows from
the top tube to lower the carbon flows into the bottom tube and raises the lower
carbon.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of the
said Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in
practice, I hereby declare that I claim the Invention of "Improvements in dynamo
machines and apparatus connected therewith for lighting by electricity and other
purposes," substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described and illustrated by
the accompanying drawings, wherein the following are peculiar and important
points or features, viz:-
(1.) A magnet made with single core and caps for the field magnets with rotating
coil or coils between the caps for generating electrical currents.
(2.) An auxiliary wheel for utilizing force now lost in dynamo machines.
(3.) A system of rocking unfixed armatures working on electro magnets for
motors or other purposes, the contacts being made or broken by the motion of the
wheel or axle.
(4.) The mode of working machines with cores and coils revolving together or
separately so that the lines of force given by one magnet may be cut by the
attachments to the core of the other magnet or magnets.
(5.) The system of field magnets revolving in opposite directions to the revolving
armature or coils of electro-dynamo machines.

page_text: (6.) The system of screw connections as described for electric lamps and similar
purposes.
(7.) The lamp arrangement with carbons supported by mercury or fluid, all
substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described.
In Witness whereof I the said Charles Ernest Spagnoletti have hereunto set
my hand and seal this 21st day of August one thousand eight hundred and
eighty two.
C. E. SPAGNOLETTI. (L.S.)