IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING TO BE SPUN, AND FOB SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROCS MATERIALS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Wilson, of Patricroft, near the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING TO BE SPUN, AND FOB
SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROCS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 26th October 1869, and dated the 17th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th May 1869.
I, ROBERT WILSON, of Patricroft, near the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING TO BE SPUN,
AND FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to slubbing frames, roving frames, and
throstles or any other machines used in preparing, spinning, and doubling
cotton, and other fibrous materials in which the roving or yarn has to

page_text: be twisted before it is wound on to a spool or bobbin. In machines of
this description it is customary to guide the roving or yarn over a wire
or other fixture in its passage from the front drawing roller to the flyer.
Now this wire or other guide retards or prevents to a great extent the
twist which is put in the roving or yarn by the revolving of the flyer,
from passing upwards from the wire or other guide to the front drawing
roller; this impediment to the rising of the twist is the cause of frequent
breakages and great unevenness in the roving or yarn produced, besides
waste of material and loss of time and production.
-
In order to obviate the above defects and to allow the spindles and
bobbins to be run advantageously at greater velocitics than is now
possible, and also to facilitate the doffing of the bobbin, I use a bottom
or driving spindle and a top or flyer and bobbin spindle. On the driving
spindle is fixed the wharve or pulley by which the motion is received
from the driving drum, or the spindle may be driven in any other
ordinary manner; the bottom end of this spindle runs in a footstep on
the footstep rail, and the top end runs in a bush in the bolster rail. The
top end of this spindle is constructed with a clutch socket to receive
and turn the top or flyer and bobbin spindle, the bottom end of which
is made with suitable projections to fit the clutch socket of the driving
spindle, that both may revolve together correctly and yet be easily
detached. On the top spindle is fixed the flyer, and the top end above
the flyer is bored out to form it into a tube through which the roving
or yarn passes down to the flyer and from the flyer to the bobbin or
spool, on which it is wound in the ordinary manner by the friction or
drag on the bobbin or lifting rail of the usual construction on which
the bobbin is supported. The top or tube end of this spindle is supported
on the front rail, and by the roving or yarn coming from the drawing
or front rollers at an angle rests on the one side of the mouth of the
tube, and by the friction on the roving or yarn from the tube revolving
the twist is assisted in passing up to the rollers (instead of being
retarded as in the ordinary mode of passing the yarn over a guide rest).
When the bobbin or spool is full the attendant lifts up the top spindle
out of the socket of the bottom spindle and brings the bottom end
forward until the bobbin or spool can be taken off and replaced by an
empty one, and this top spindle being replaced or connected with the
bottom spindle the frame is again ready for work.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Wilson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th November 1969.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
WILSON, of Patricroft, near the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Robert Wilson, Her special licence that I,
the said Robert Wilson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Robert Wilson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
PREPARING TO BE SPUN, AND FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Robert Wilson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Wilson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say):-
My Invention is applicable to slubbing frames, roving framos, and
throstles, or any other machines used in preparing, spinning, and
doubling cotton, and other fibrous materials in which the roving or
yarn has to be twisted before it is wound on to a spool or hobbin. In

page_text: spinning and doubling machines of this description it is customary to
guide the yarn over a wire or other fixture in its passage from the
front drawing roller to the flyer. Now this wire or other guide retards
or prevents to a great extent the twist which is put in the yarn by
the revolving of the flyer, from passing upwards from the wire or other
guide to the front drawing roller; this impediment to the rising of tho
twist is the cause of frequent breakages and great uneveness in the
yarn produced, besides causing waste of material and loss of time and
production.
In order to obviate the above defects and to allow the spindles and
bobbins to be run advantageously at greater velocities than is now
possible, and also to facilitate the dofling of the bobbins, I use a bottom
or driving spindle and a top or flyer and bobbin spindle. On the driving
spindle is fixed the wharve or pulley by which the motion is received
from the driving drum, or the spindle may be driven in any other
ordinary manner; the bottom end of this spindle runs in a footstep
in the footstep rail, and the top end runs in a bush in the bolster rail.
The top end of this spindle is constructed with a clutch socket to receive
and turn the top or flyer and bobbin spindle, the bottom end of which
is made with suitable projections to fit, the clutch socket of the driving
spindle, that both may revolve together correctly and yet be easily
detached. On the top spindle is fixed the flyer, and the top end above
the flyer is bored out to form it into a tube through which the roving
or yarn passes down to the flyer and from the flyer to the bobbin or
spool, on which it is wound in the ordinary manner by the friction or
drag on the lifting rail of the usual construction on which the the bobbin
is supported. The top or tube end of this spindle is supported in the
front rail, and by the roving or yarn coming from the drawing or front
rollers at an angle it rests on the one side of the mouth of the tube,
and by the friction on the roving or yarn from the tube revolving
the twist is assisted in passing up to the rollers (instead of being retarded
as in the ordinary mode of passing the yarn over a guide rest). When
the hobbin or spool is full the attendant lifts up the top spindle out
of the socket of the bottom spindle and brings the bottom end forward
until the bobbin or spool can be dropped or taken off and replaced by
an empty one, and this top spindle being replaced or connected with
the bottom spindle the frame is again ready for work.

page_text: carried into operation I will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
Figure 1 is an elevation of part of a throstle spinning and doubling
frame to which my improvements are applied; a is the front drawing
roller; is the footstep rail, and c the lifting or copping rail; theso
and all the other parts requisite to complete the frame are made in
the usual manner. My improved spindle is made in two parts, namely
the bottom or driving spindle d, and the upper or flyer and bobbin
spindle e, shewn also in Figure 2; the spindle d revolves below in a
footstep in the footstep rail b, and above in a bush in the bolster rail f.
On this spindle is fixed the wharve or pulley d', which is driven by a
band or strap from the driving drum or in any other convenient
manner; the upper end of the spindle d is constructed with a clutch
socket to receive the clutches or projections made on the lower end
of the spindle e. By this arrangement the driving spindle d communi-
cates motion to the flyer and bobbin spindle e, and the two parts of
the spindle can be easily disconnected when required; this improved
socket is shewn detached in Figure 3. To the top of the spindle e is
screwed the flyer g, and the upper end of the spindle above the flyer
is bored out to form a long tube e', through which the yarn passes;
the principal object of this long tube is to reduce the angle of the yarn
in the tube as it passes from the mouth of the tube to the transverse
opening e, thus obtaining an equal tension on the yarn, whereas if
a short tube were used the tension would be irregular and tend to
increase the breakage of the yarn. The yarn is carried from the
opening e² down to the flyer and from the flyer to the spool or bobbin h,
on which it is wound in the ordinary manner by the friction or drag of
the bobbin on the washer or other equivalent resting on the lifting or
copping rail c. The upper end of the tube e' at the top of the spindle e
is supported by the front rail i, the hole through which the tube passes
being slotted to allow the spindle e and flyer g to assume a diagonal
position when dofling, as shewn in Figure 4, and the lower part of the
spindle e passes through the lifting or copping rail c, but there is a
little space between the spindle and the hole in the rail, as shewn in
Figure 1, to avoid friction. These spindles constructed and supported

page_text: in the manner described can be run advantageously at greater velocities
than those made in the ordinary manner. The yarn comes in a slanting
direction from the front drawing roller a and rests on one side of the
mouth of the tube e', consequently the friction of the revolving tube
on the yarn assists the twist in passing up to the rollers, whereas in
machines of the usual construction the twist is retarded by the fixed
guide rest over which the yarn passes. When the bobbin or spool is
full the attendant lifts up the top spindle e to disconnect the clutches
from the socket in the lower spindle d, and to lift the end of the spindlo
above the copping rail c, the bottom end of the spindlo e is then drawn
forward, as shown in Figure 4, until the full bobbin or spool / can bo
dropped or taken off and replaced by an empty one; the top spindles
are then connected again with the lower spindles and the frame is then
ready to be started again. In Figure 5 I have shewn the flyer g screwed
to the spindle, and the tube e' is made in a separate piece with a boss
below the opening e, and this boss is screwed on to the end of the
spindle c.
Figure 6 shews another modification in the mode of constructing my
improved spindles; in this case the spindle is made of the same piece
as the tube e', but the hole is brought below the boss of the flyer
instead of above it, as in Figures 1 and 5; this arrangement necessitates
longer arms to the flyer. The clutches for connecting the upper and
lower parts of the spindle may be made with two projections and
recesses, as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 6, or with four, as shown in
Figure 4, or any other convenient mode of connecting and disconnecting
the two parts of the spindle may be adopted.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same as applied to a machine for spinning
and doubling, I wish it to be understood that my improvements may
also be applied to slubbing and roving frames, and I declare that I
claim the improved modes shewn and described of constructing the
spindles of machines used in preparing, spinning, and doubling, by
which the twist is assisted in running up to the front drawing roller,
and thereby preventing to the greatest extent the breakage of the
roving or yarn between the end of the spindle and the front roller, and
whereby the operation of dofling is facilitated, and the spindles and

page_text: bobbins or spools may be run advantageously at greater velocities than
heretofore.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Wilson, have hereto set my
hand and scal, this Sixteenth day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine.
ROBERT WILSON. (L.S.)