CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
PILLING, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-third day of February, in the fifteenth year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James
Pilling, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said James Pilling, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, and such others as
I, the said James Pilling, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said James
Pilling, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and

page_text: by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Pilling, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following
explanation thereof, that is to say:
My improvements in looms for weaving relate to power looms, and apply
principally to the " taking-up" motion of such looms, which motion is for
the purpose of winding the cloth on to the cloth beam as it is woven. My
improvements consist principally in dispensing with the emery "taking-up'
roller hitherto employed, and attaching the "taking-up" motion direct to the
cloth roller. This I am enabled to effect by connecting the pin, which works
the "taking up" apparatus, to a rod bearing upon the surface of the cloth roller,
in such manner that as the diameter of the said roller increases for the winding
on of the cloth, the leverage of the "taking-up pin" is shortened, and con-
sequently the speed of the revolution of the said roller is diminished. The
connection between the rod bearing upon the cloth beam and the "taking-up
pin" being so arranged and adjusted that the speed of the said beam
decreases into the same ratio as its diameter increases, it follows that the
rate at which the surface or circumference travels will always remain the
same, and consequently the quantity of cloth taken up will be always
équal. The apparatus which I employ to effect this object will be readily
understood by referring to the Drawings accompanying these Presents, and
the following explanation thereof. The Drawings are made to a scale of
about two inches to a foot, and have similar letters of reference marked upon
corresponding parts of the mechanism in all the Figures. The new parts,
or those which constitute my Invention, are represented as shaded with color,
the ordinary parts of the loom being drawn in outline only.
Fig. 1 represents an end view of a power loom, with my improvements
attached, and Fig. 2 a front elevation of the same. a, a, is the framing of the
loom; b, b, is the warp beam; c, c, the breast beam; d, d, is the crank shaft;
e, e, the lathe or slay; f,f, the slay swords, and g, g, the cloth roller; h, h, is the
taking-up" ratchet wheel; i, i, is the "taking-up" lever, with its catches k, k;
and is the "taking.up" pin. This pin l, instead of being fixed in the slay
sword (as usual), is moveable in a slot in the taking-up lever i, and is
connected by a link m to a pin n, attached to the slay sword f. The ratchet
wheel h, instead of being connected to an emery taking-up roller as usual,
is connected to the cloth roller g by the train of spur gearing 0, 0, 0, 0. p, p,

page_text: is a rod, bearing upon the surface or circumference of the cloth roller g, and
connected to the taking-up pin 1, by means of the lever q and links r, r.
Hence it will be evident, that as the diameter of the cloth beam 9 increases
by the winding on the cloth, the rod p, p, will be raised, and consequently the
taking-up pin 7 will be drawn further from the centre of the ratchet wheel h,
and thus (as the traverse of the pin n is always the same) the arc described by
the taking-up catches k, k, is reduced, and consequently the speed of the
cloth roller g proportionally diminished. 8, s, are the holding catches for the
The lever t
ratchet wheel h, and are connected to a lever t by the wire u.
is fixed at one end of a rod v, to the other end of which a lever w is attached.
This lever w is furnished with a finger a, having an inclined plane, against
which the "setting-on rod" y acts, in such a manner as to cause the catches
8, s, to be lifted out of contact with the ratchet wheel h whenever the loom
is thrown out of gear, and thus prevent the cloth from being taken up when
the loom is not in full operation.
Fig. 3 is a side view of part of a loom, shewing a modification of my In-
vention, whereby the wear and tear occasioned by the "overrunning" of the
taking-up catches is entirely obviated. In this arrangement the " taking-up
wheel" h, in place of being a ratchet, is a spur wheel, and the taking-up
lever i is supplied with a spur pinion k instead of catches. This pinion k is
attached to a ratchet wheel s, and is prevented from turning except in one
direction by a catch m. u is a spur pinion in place of the bolding catches,
being attached to the ratchet wheel o, and held by the catch t, at the end
of the lever v. The lever rests upon a forked lever w, attached to the
catch m.
1 is the "taking-up pin," which works in a slot as before, and is
at one end of a lever q, the fulcrum whereof is the pin, attached to the
slay sword. The other end of the lever q is connected to the rod p (bearing
upon the surface of the cloth roller) by the link r. The lever vis connected
by means of a link z to a lever b, which is furnished with a friction roller c,
and is actuated by means of a cam j upon the crank shaft d.
The operation of this arrangement of mechanism is as follows:---The
apparatus being in the position shewn in the Drawing, the slay has just beaten
up, the catch m is in gear, and the catch t is out of gear. As the slay returns
the pinion k advances towards the pinion u, and being locked by means of
the catch m carries the taking-up wheel h along with it as long as the slay
recedes; but by the time that the slay commences to "beat up" the revolution
of the crank shaft will have caused the roller c to descend on to the smaller
diameter of the cam j, thus throwing the catch t into gear with the ratchet

page_text: wheel o, and by means of the forked lever w releasing the catch m: The taking-
up wheel his thus held firm by means of the pinion ut, whilst the pinion h.
advances to take a fresh hold. It will be evident that in this arrangement
the catches are only in contact with the wheels when holding or taking up;
and are out of contact altogether whilst overrunning. I would here remark,
that this arrangement is also supplied with levers, &c., for preventing the
catches from acting when the loom is not in full operation, which, to avoid
confusion, are not shewn in Drawing.
Figs. 4 and 5 represent front and edge views (drawn to a scale of four
inches to a foot) of another arrangement, for raising the catches whilst over-
running. a, a, is the taking-up wheel, having ratchet teeth upon both sides;
b, b, are the taking-up catches, which oscillate upon a centre mounted at the
upper end of a lever c. This lever is connected to the "taking-up lever" d
at é, and the catches are connected to the taking-up lever d by a pin f
which works loose in a slot at the upper end of the said lever. g. is a
friction drag, attached to the upper end of the lever, and bearing against
the periphery, of the wheel a. The action of this apparatus is as follows:-
The friction of the drag g upon the wheel a will cause the lever c always to
follow the lever d, which will, by means of the pin f, open the catches b, b,
whilst overrunning, and close them whilst taking up, as the lever d moves
the pin before it moves the lever c. It will of course be evident that the
holding catches will be of the same construction, but they are not shewn in
the Drawing, as their method of application will be evident to any practical
mechanic.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said improvements,
together with the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I would
rémark in conclusion that I claim as my Invention, dispensing with the emery
roller, and 'connecting the "taking-up" pin to a rod (bearing upon the surface
of the cloth beam), in such a manner as the diameter of the cloth beam
increases by the winding on of the cloth. The leverage at which the taking-up
pin works is proportionably varied, so as always to take up an equal quantity
of cloth; and, secondly, moving the taking-up and holding catches out of
contact with the teeth whilst overrunning, so as to prevent the wear and tear
of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Pilling, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-first day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and 6ft twen
JAMES PILLING. (LS.),

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid James Pilling came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
Enrolled the Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.