CERTAIN IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON
Year: 1827

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PHILIP
JACOB HEISCH, of America Square, in the City of London, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I did by petition humbly represent unto His present most
Gracious Majesty King George the Fourth that, in consequence of a commu-
nication made to me by a certain Foreigner residing abroad, with whom I am
connected, I was in the possession of a new Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON," and I humbly prayed His said Majesty to
grant me a Patent for the sole use and sale of the said Invention, whereupon
His said Majesty, being graciously pleased to grant my request, did issue His
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Twentieth day of
February, in the eighth year of His reign, by which Letters Patent His said
Majesty does, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Philip Jacob Heisch, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Philip Jacob Heisch, my executors, administrators and assigns, and every of
them, by himself and themselves, or by his and their deputy or deputies,
servants and agents, or such others as I, the said Philip Jacob Heisch, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, shall at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of fourteen years from the
date of the said Letters Patent, may make, use, exercise, and vend the said
Invention within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed; and further, His said Majesty does, by His said Letters Patent,

page_text: require and strictly command all his subjects whatsoever that they, or any of
them, shall not, directly nor indirectly, during the said term of fourteen years,
make, use, or put in practice the said Invention, or any part thereof, within
England, Wales, or the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, or in any way
counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the same, nor make additions thereto or
subtractions therefrom; and the said Letters Patent also contain a proviso
enjoining me, the said Philip Jacob Heisch, to particularly describe and
ascertain, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
also to cause that instrument to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within two calendar months after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Philip Jacob Heisch, do hereby declare that the said Improved Machinery for
Spinning Cotton is described and ascertained in and by the various Figures
contained in the two Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, together with the
following description thereof, that is to say:
The Drawing, Sheet 1, contains an end view and a front view of a part of
one end of a machine commonly called a roving frame, and which machine is
used in the process of spinning cotton, to draw out and twist the fibres of
cotton together, so as to form soft and loosely twisted threads, which are
called rovings, and which are afterwards to be further drawn out and twisted
by other machines called spinning machines, so as to form small and firm
threads or yarns.
1 and 2 in both the said Figures denote the fast and loose
pulleys, by which the whole machine is put in motion by means of an endless
belt or strap encompassing the said pullies, and also some other pulley or
3 is a spur wheel
drum, which is turned round by the power of millwork.
fixed upon the axis of the fast pulley, and giving motion to a larger wheel 4,
fixed upon the extreme end of the axis of the front rollers 5, between which
and the top rollers the fibres of the cotton which is to be spun are drawn
forwards from the back rollers behind 5, and delivered out to the spindles A,
in order to be twisted or coiled up to form rovings, and which rovings, as fast
as they are so formed, are gathered up and deposited upon the bobbin H.
6 is a train of small wheels to give such a motion to the back and middle
rollers from the axis of the front roller 5 as that the said back and middle
rollers may be turned round with a slower motion than the front rollers are
turned, in order that the back and middle rollers may detain and hold the
fibres of the sliver of cotton which is introduced between them from behind,
whilst the front rollers draw those fibres forward with a more rapid motion

page_text: than that with which the back and middle rollers will allow them to advance.
The fibres are thus extended, stretched, and drawn out to their full length, and
the sliver is reduced to a proper fineness to form the required roving. 7, 7, are
two intermediate wheels to communicate motion from the aforesaid wheel 3 to
two smaller wheels 8, 8, affixed upon the extreme ends of the horizontal
axes 9, 9, which extend along all the length of the machine at the lower part
thereof beneath the upright spindles A; and by means of small bevilled wheels
10, which are fixed upon the axes 9, and other similar bevilled wheels B,
which are fixed upon the upright spindles A near to their lower ends, the said
spindles are all turned round with a corresponding motion. The spindles A
are arranged in two rows, as is shewn in the end view, one row being over
each of the two axes 9, 9, and the spindles, in one row, are placed opposite
to the spaces between the spindles in the other row, as is plainly seen in the
front view, in order that the spindles may come into less space without intering
one with another. Q is a small funnel at the top of each of the frames,
marked L, C, D, which is fastened upon the top of each spindle A, so as to
revolve therewith. The extended slivers, which descend from between the
front rollers 5, pass through the several funnels Q, and are wound up around
the bobbins H, which bobbins are mounted within the said revolving frames
L, C, D, and by the revolving motion thereof the fibres of the extended slivers
of cotton are twisted together to form them into rovings, and, as fast as the
said slivers are delivered out from between the front rollers 5 in their extended
state, and are twisted, as aforesaid, into rovings. These rovings are gathered
and wound up around the bobbins H, which are for that purpose turned slowly
round about their own horizontal axes, at the same time that they are turned
round horizontally, or end for end, with a quicker motion, along with the
spindles A, in order to give the requisite twist to the rovings. The said
motion of the bobbins H about their own horizontal axes, in order to gather
and take up the rovings around them, is communicated from one of the lower
axes 9, as is shewn in the end view, Sheet 1, by means of a bevilled wheel
fixed on the axes 9, to turn another bevilled wheel 11 upon a cross axis 12,
which at the other end has a bevilled wheel 13, to turn another bevilled wheel
14 upon an upright axis 15, which has a large spur wheel 16 fixed on its
upper end, and which, by its teeth, gives motion to certain wheels D, D, which
are fitted loosely upon the upper end of the several spindles A, and which loose
wheels, by means of the wheels and parts marked F and G, turn the bobbins
H in the requisite manner to cause them to gather and wind up the rovings
around them. 17 is the end of the fixed frame of the machine. 18 is the
principal horizontal rail, called the roller beam, because the standards which

page_text: support the axes of the rollers 5 are fixed upon it. 19 is the lower spindle
rail, which sustains the steps for the lower ends or points of the spindles; and
20 is the upper spindle rail, to which the collars are fixed which receive the
upper ends of the spindles A, A, and keep them in a vertical position, where
they turn round. A roving frame of this kind may be made double, as is
shewn in the end view, that is, with two sets of spindles and rollers, and all
the other parts herein-before described are set at the back of the frame, and
the other in the front thereof. Note.-These parts of the roving frame repre-
sented in Sheet I., which are marked with numbers by way of reference, and
which I have herein-before described, do not constitute part of the new
Invention, but such parts are the same or similar to the parts of other roving
frames now in use, and are only described in this Specification in order to
explain the manner in which the new Invention is to be applied to such a
roving frame; and the parts of the said roving frame which constitute the said
new Invention of Improved Machinery for Spinning Cotton are represented
separately on a large scale in the Drawing, Sheet II., and are those parts
which perform the office of gathering or taking up the rovings upon the
bobbins as fast as they are delivered out by the front rollers 5, and twisted
together by the revolving motion of the spindles A. The said gathering or
taking-up motion, which is given to the bobbins by means of the said Improved
Machinery for Spinning Cotton, being quite uniform, and regularly of the same
speed during all the progress or growth of the bobbins from the first beginning,
to wind the rovings around the barrels of the empty bobbins, until, by the
gradual accumulation of the rovings upon the same, in successive coils or
layers, one over the other, the bobbins became filled, and the said uniform
motion is so regulated as that the rovings shall always be taken up by the
bobbins just as fast as they are formed by the rollers and the spindles, so as, on
the one hand, not to allow the rovings to become slack in consequence of not
taking them up fast enough, and, on the other hand, not to occasion any strain
or injury to the rovings by taking them up faster than they are formed.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, Sheet II., represent different views of the
revolving machinery which is fixed on the top of the spindle A, in order to
carry the bobbin H, and to turn the the same round to take up the roving. A
is the spindle, which is supported by the point at the lower end of it, standing
in a cap or socket which is affixed on the lower spindle rail, as before stated;
and the spindle is supported near its upper end, at a, by a collar which is fixed
to the upper spindle rail, and by this means the spindle is retained in a vertical
position, but it is at liberty to turn round freely by means of the bevilled
wheel B, which is fixed on near the lower end of the spindle. C, C, is a frame

page_text: of wrought iron, consisting of two upright sides, and a horizontal cross piece at
the lower part, extending from one upright side to the other; the latter part
passes across the top of the spindle A, and receives a screw which is formed at
the upper end of the spindle, whereby the frame C, C, is firmly fixed
upon the
top of the spindle, so as to revolve with it. Each of the upright sides of the
frame C, C, is divided by a vertical slot, and the ends of the axis of a cylinder G,
and also the ends of the axis of the bobbin H, are introduced into those slots
and rest therein. I, I, is another frame, shewn separately in Figure 5, with
two upright sides or prongs, which are adapted to fit into the vertical slots in
the upright sides of the frame C, C, and the upright of the frame I, I, rests
npon the ends of the axis of the bobbin H, so as to bear the same downwards,
and press the bobbin H upon the cylinder G, which is beneath it. The upper
part of the frame I, I, is a horizontal circle, having a straight bar across the
centre of it, as is shewn in the Plans, Figures 3 and 4, and upon this bar is
fastened a semicircular bow, which rises up therefrom to carry the funnel Q,
and support the same in a position exactly over the centre of the upright
spindle A, in order that the said funnel may revolve with the spindle in a
suitable manner to give twist to the roving which is introduced through the
funnel. D is a horizontal cog wheel which is fitted loosely upon the upper end
of the spindle A, just beneath that horizontal part of the revolving frame C
which is screwed fast on the top end of the spindle. The loose wheel D is
hollowed out at the upper side, like a dish, in order to receive the said hori-
zontal part of the frame C within it. The weight of the loose wheel D rests
upon a small collet E, which is fastened upon the spindle A just above the
part a, which is received in the collar to retain the spindle in its vertical posi-
tion. The loose wheel D has two sets of teeth; one set is formed around the
lower part of it. These teeth are engaged by those of intermediate wheels
applied between the loose wheels D of the adjacent spindles, in order to form a
connection between all the loose wheels D upon all the spindles A, in both
rows, so that all the loose wheels D may be compelled to turn round with a
similar and corresponding motion, and consequently whatever motion is given
to any one of the loose wheels D by means of the wheel 16, as before described,
it will be transmitted equally to all of them. The teeth of the wheel 16 are
engaged with the teeth around the lower part of one of the loose wheels D, and
by the connection of the wheels 16, 14, 13, and 11, conjoined with that of the
intermediate wheels which connect all the different loose wheels D together,
the said loose wheels D are caused to turn round in the same direction as the
spindles upon which they are fitted, but they turn with a slower motion, so that
in fact the spindles turn round within the loose wheels D, which follow the

page_text: motion of the spindles at a slower rate. The other set of teeth which are formed
around each of the loose wheels D, occupy the upper edge of the raised border
round the wheel, and those teeth are bevilled in order to act in the teeth of a
smaller bevilled wheel F fixed upon one end of the axis of the cylinder G,
which is contained within the frame C, the ends of its axis being received in the
slots or openings in the upright sides of that frame, so as to rest at the bottom.
or lower parts of those slots. The cylinder G is made of tinned iron plate, and
hollow withinside, that it may be light, and the bobbin H is sustained by
bearing upon the cylinder G. The bobbin H is made of wood, with circular
shields of tin plate at each end, and the clear space between those shields
corresponds with the length of the cylinder G, so that the said shields may pass
by each end of the cylinder and allow the barrel of the bobbin (or the roving
which is wound around that barrel) to come in contact with the cylinder G;
and the bobbin being firmly pressed down upon the cylinder by its own weight,
aided by the weight of the frame I, I, and parts L, Q, which rest upon the
ends of the axis of the bobbin, as before stated, the bobbin is caused to turn
round about its own axis with a corresponding motion to that of the surface of
the cylinder G; that is to say, the cylindrical surface of the roving which
is accumulated around the bobbin, and which forms the cylinder upon which
the roving is to be gathered up by the turning round of the bobbin about its
own axis, will, under all circumstances, move with the same rapidity as the
surface of the cylinder G, because the motion is derived from the contact
of the surface of the roving, which is accumulated around the bobbin, with the
surface of the cylinder G. The small bevilled wheel F is carried round in a
circular orbit during the revolving motion which is given to the frame C, C, I, L,
by the spindle A, in order to twist the roving; and in that revolution the small
bevelled wheel F rolls round the bevelled teeth at the upper edge of the loose
wheel D, because that wheel does not turn round so quickly as the spindle, and
consequently the wheel F, together with the cylinder G which is fixed upon the
same horizontal axis, is turned round about that horizontal axis at the same
time that the said axis revolves in a horizontal plane. The train of wheelwork
marked 11, 13, 14, 16, which gives motion to the loose wheels D, from the
same axis 9 as that which turn all the spindles A, must be suitably propor-
tioned to turn those loose wheels D round so much slower than the spindles as
to cause the surface of the tin cylinder G, and also the surface of the roving
which is accumulated around the bobbin H, to move with a corresponding
speed to that with which the front rollers deliver out the roving, in order that
the bobbin may (by the motion which is communicated to it) take up the
roving just as quick as it is formed, but no quicker; and when this is properly

page_text: adjusted the taking up will always be performed at the same rate, whether the
bobbin is full or empty, because the motion is communicated to the surface of
the roving which is accumulated round the bobbin, and the roving is wound
about the said surface in order to take it up. Note, at the opposite end of the
axis of the cylinder G another small bevilled wheel F 1 is fitted, and the teeth
of this wheel act in the bevilled teeth of the loose wheel D, in the same manner
as the wheel F, first described, at the other end of the same axis; but the
wheel F 1 is fitted loosely upon the axis so as to turn round freely there,
and therefore communicates no motion; nor has that wheel any other effect
than as a balance to the first-mentioned wheel F, which is the active wheel to
turn the cylinder G round. To lay the roving upon the bobbin, and distri-
bute it uniformly along the length of the bobbin between its shields or ends,
the roving in its passage from the funnel Q to the bobbin passes through an
eye or opening in a small steel lever O, see the horizontal plans, Figures 3 & 4,
which lever is moveable about a centre pin screwed into the cross bar I, near
to the centre of the horizontal circle at the top of the frame I, and the lever O
is caused to traverse slowly backwards and forwards about its centre pin, and
then the eye moves through an arch of a circle, as shewn by the dotted line in
Figure 3, so as to conduct the roving which passes through the said eye alter-
nately from one end of the bobbin to the other, in order to distribute the
roving along the length of the bobbin. The alternating motion of the lever O
is produced in the following manner, see Figures 1 and 2:-At the extremity
of one end of the axis of the bobbin H is a small projecting pin, which is out
of the centre of the axis, and consequently, when the bobbin turns round, that
pin describes a small circle, and acts in the manner of a crank pin in an open-
ing at the lower end of a short steel lever M, which is fixed upon the end of a
horizontal axis K, which extends across the frame I, I, from one side to the
other, and projects out beyond both sides. The upper end of the steel lever M.
is made thin to act as a spring against certain teeth formed withinside of a
moveable circular ring of metal L, which is so fitted upon the horizontal circle
at the upper part of the frame I, I, as that the said ring can turn freely round
upon the circle, as upon a centre of motion, by the action of the upper end of
the spring M against the aforesaid teeth which are formed withinside the ring L,
at the lower part, which descends beneath the horizontal circle I; they are sloping
teeth, like those of a saw, as is shewn in Figure 4, which is a horizontal plan of
the under side of the ring L. Every time that the bobbin H makes one turn
about its own axis the small crank pin at the end of that axis moves the
spring M backwards and then forwards again through a small space, and the
upper end of that spring slips over the sloping sides of the teeth within

page_text: the ring L when it moves one way; but in returning the said spring catches the
teeth and moves the ring round a small space, so as to carry the same round
about the circle at the top of the frame I, I, with a slow and progressive
motion, but always in the same direction. Note, a small spring N is fixed
on the other end of the horizontal axis K, and the upper end of N acts against
the teeth within the ring L in the same manner as the upper end of the
spring M acts in the said teeth; but by the two actions at the opposite sides of
the centre of the ring L, the two springs M and N act alternately to turn the
said ring round, but always in the saine direction. The motion of the ring L
is communicated to the lever O, so as to carry it along in its circular arch (shewn
dotted in Figure 3), in order to distribute the roving along the length of the
bobbin, and the lever O is moved alternately backwards and forwards through
that arch, although the ring L, from which its motion is derived, moves always
the same way round. For this purpose a few sloping teeth are formed at the
upper side of the moveable ring L, as is shewn at r and s, Figure 3, and in
Figures 1 and Figure 7; and the teeth r, s, project upwards above the surface
of the other part of the ring L so much as to catch the extreme end of the
lever O, whenever by the motion of the ring L the said teeth are brought
Deneath the end of that lever, and thus the lever O is moved round about its
centre pin in one direction, along with the ring L, through nearly a semicircle.
In order to move the lever backwards again through the same semicircle
another lever P is fitted upon another centre pin in a similar manner to the
lever O, and teeth are formed around the central portions of both levers, to
work together in such manner as that when one lever is moved one way round
in its circular arch, the other lever shall move through an equal space in a
contrary direction. The sloping teeth r, s, at the upper side of the ring L, are
caused to catch the end of the two levers O and P alternately. Thus, suppose
those teeth have taken the lever O at the dotted position Z, Figure 3,
and have carried it round with the ring L nearly through a semicircular
arch into the other dotted position æ, so as to lay the roving progressively
along every part of the length of the bobbin E, from the end z to the
end a.
The other lever P was in the dotted position t when the lever O
was at z; and during the motion of the lever O from z to x (along
with the ring L), the lever P was moved from t to the other dotted
position u, by means of the teeth about its central part receiving motion
from those around the central part of the lever O. Note, this retro-
grade motion of the lever p from t to u, is in a contrary direction to the
motion of the ring L, and then the end of the lever p slides over the smooth
part of the ring L, where there are no teeth upon it. When the teeth of the

page_text: ring L have carried the end of the lever 0 along with them, as before
described, from Z to x (the lever P having in the meantime moved from
t to u), then the end of the lever O, being at a, is lifted up so much as to be
raised clear above the tooth s of the ring L, and at the same instant the tooth
r takes the end of the other lever P at u, and carries the same round with
the ring L, whereby the other lever O is carried back again through its circular
arch from towards z, by the connection of the teeth at its central part with
those of the other lever P, and in so moving backwards from a towards z, the
lever O distributes the roving along the length of the bobbin from its end a to
the other end, and during this motion the end of the lever O slides over the
smooth part of the ring L, where there are no teeth, and in a contrary direction
to the motion of that ring. When the lever P has thus been carried by the teeth
of the ring L from u to t (the lever O having at the same time moved from
x to z), then the end of the lever P is lifted up at t so high as to clear the
teeth, and become detached from them, and immediately the end of the other
lever O being at z, is caught by the tooth r, and is carried forwards therewith
towards x, to lay another layer of the roving along the bobbin in the manner
already described.
And in order to lift up the ends of the levers O and P in
the manner aforesaid, so that they may become clear of the teeth r, s, of the
ring L, whenever they have been carried by the same through the whole of
their circular arches respectively, to the end of the said arches, the horizontal
circle I, upon which the ring L is fitted, is formed with elevations, or semi-
circular inclined planes projecting at the upper side, as is shewn at v and w,
Figure 3, and rising gradually from z towards a, and from u towards t. The
ends of the levers O and P extend over the said inclined planes v and w, but
do not touch them when the levers are near the positions z or u; but as those
levers are carried forward from z towards x, or from u towards t, along with
the ring L, by the teeth r, s, thereof, the said levers are brought over more
elevated parts of the planes and w, and are thereby lifted up so much as to
be raised clear above the teeth, and become detached therefrom in the manner
herein-before described. Note, the levers O and P are made of steel,
tempered like springs, so as to allow of bending upwards to clear the teeth r, 8,
of the ring L, as aforesaid, and they are borne downwards by their own
elasticity in order to catch those teeth, whenever the inciined planes v and w
will permit them to do so. Note, the teeth r, s, upon the ring L, occupy as
much of the circumference thereof as will reach from t to z, or from x to u;
and it is so arranged that the foremost or leading tooth r will take the end of
one of the levers O or P, in order to carry it forwards immediately after the
end of the opposite lever O or P has been lifted up clear of the last or.

page_text: following tooth s, by the action of the inclined planes v or w, as before stated.
Also when either of the levers O or P has been carried forwards by the
leading tooth r of the ring L, through a portion of its circular arch from z
towards x, or from u towards t, the end of the lever or P arrives over such
a part of the semicircular inclined plane v or w as will elevate the said end so
much as to become clear of the first tooth, and disengage it therefrom; conse-
quently, that tooth will move on with the ring L, but the lever O or P remains
stationary until the second tooth of the ring L, being more elevated than the
first, takes the end of the lever which the first tooth had just before quitted,
and that second tooth carries the lever forwards a little further until the
increasing height of the inclined plane vor w lifts the end of the lever above
the second tooth which passes forwards, leaving the lever stationary, until the
third tooth, being still more clevated than the second, overtakes the end of the
lever, and carries it a little further forwards until the inclined plane lifts it
above that tooth also, which leaves the lever behind to be taken by the next
following tooth, and so on, each following tooth being more elevated than its
predecessors (as is shewn in Figure 1 and Figure 7). The lever is carried
forwards a certain space by each tooth in succession, and then abandoned by
that tooth to the following one until the last tooth s takes it, and that being
higher than any of the others, and the inclined planes being suitably formed,
the end of the lever continues in contact with that last tooth s, until the lever
is carried thereby to the position a or t, and there the inclined planes v or w,
rising higher than at any other part, will lift the end of the lever so high that
it will be above the last tooth s, and become disengaged therefrom, and at the
same instant the first tooth r takes the end of the other lever O or P at ≈ or u,
and begins to move it forwards. Note, the several teeth r, s, quit and pass
beneath the ends of the lever O or P in succession, in the manner before
described, and leave those levers stationary for short intervals whilst they are
at the middle part of their passage through their circular arches. By this
means the roving is laid regularly upon every part of the length of the bobbin
from one end to the other, without accumulating more at the ends than at the
middle. Note, as the revolving ring L is turned slowly round by the motion
derived from the axis of the bobbin H by means of the small crank or excen-
tric pin, and the lever M, that motion, and the traversing motion of the lever
O backwards and forwards, is quickest when the bobbin is empty, and becomes
slower in proportion as the bobbin becomes larger by the accumulation of
roving around it, by which means the succeeding coils of roving are always
laid close to each other side by side, so as to fill the bobbin properly between
its shields from one end to the other, and the same number of coils are laid

page_text: side by side at cach successive layer of roving in all states of the bobbin,
whether it is full or empty, although the length of roving required to form one
layer or covering around all the surface of the bobbin is greater in proportion
as the bobbin becomes larger in diameter, and, consequently, the time required
to form one such layer or covering around the cylindrical surface of the bobbin
must be greater in proportion as the bobbin becomes larger. When the
bobbins become quite filled with rovings to the same size as the shields at the
ends of the bobbins, they must be removed from the machine, and replaced by
empty bobbins. For this purpose the upper frame I, I, must be lifted up to
raise its upright sides out of the grooves in the upright sides C, C, of the
frame, which is fastened at the top of the spindle, and then the said frame I, I,
together with the circular ring L, may be removed from over the bobbin so
that the full bobbin can be taken out from the frame C, C. The axis of the full
bobbin is withdrawn from it and inserted into another empty bobbin, which is
put into the frame in the same place as the former one, and then the upper
frame I, I, with all its dependencies, is replaced in the grooves in the uprights
c, c, so as to rest by its weight upon the ends of the axis of the bobbin, in
order to pass it down in close contact with the cylinder G, as before stated.
Note, instead of turning the spindles A round by means of the bevilled
wheels B and 10, in the manner represented in Sheet 1, and as herein-before
described, they may be turned by means of an endless chain, circulating round
a set of suitable pullics or wheels fixed upon the lower parts of the spindles,
in place of the bevilled wheels B, such pullies or wheels having teeth or cogs
projecting from their circumferences in the manner represented in Figures
7 and 8, in order to enter into the openings in the links of such endless chain,
which is represented at Figures 8 and 9, so as to prevent the chains slipping
upon the pullies, or failing to turn the spindles round with certainty and
regularity, and thus, by means of such endless chain, all the spindles in the
machine are caused to turn round with equal motion; and in like manner the
loose wheels D may be all turned round by means of a similar endless chain
circulating round the lower parts of them, and in that case those lower parts
must be formed with coarse teeth projecting out from them in the manner
represented in Figures 7, 8, and 9, to act in the teeth of the chain. This chain
will connect all the loose wheels D together, so as to cause them to turn with
equal motion, without any necessity for the intermediate connecting wheels
herein-before described; and two wheels with suitable teeth, adapted to act in
the links of the two endless chains, must be provided to impel those chains
with velocities suitable to the motions they are required to give to the spindles
and to the wheels D respectively, as herein-before described. And as to the

page_text: form and dimensions of the several parts of the said improved machinery
herein-before described, as well as the materials of which they are to be con-
structed, the same may be greatly varied at the discretion of the workman
who is to construct the same, without departing from the essential properties
and actions of the improved machinery, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Jacob Heisch, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven.
P. J. (L.s.) HEISCH.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twentieth day of April,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Philip Jacob Heisch came before
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifica-
tion aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statutes in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Twentieth of April, in the year above written.