CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE- MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGES, LANDAUS, AND OTHER SIMILAR "VEHICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Cockshoot, junior, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE-
MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGES, LANDAUS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
"VEHICLES."
Sealed the 9th June 1868, and dated the 18th December 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Cockshoot at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1867.
I, JOSEPH COCKSHOOT, junior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGES, LANDAUS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
-My Invention relates, first, to that portion of carriages, coaches, landaus,
and other vehicles, called the "door framing," which has been hitherto made.
of wood and secured together by wooden plugs or pegs.
The improvements consists, first, in constructing the two upright pillars of
the door frame (that is the hinge pillar and the latch pillar) of thin. metal, i
and screwing the other part of the frame and the panels (if necessary);

page_text: "
thereto and casting or forming the "male" part of the door binge on
such binge pillar, so as to constitute one piece, the hinge being constructed
as described in the Specification of Letters Patent previously granted to
me, dated January 3rd, A.D. 1867, No. 17. By thus constructing the
framework of the door about two or more inches of space is available for
ingress and egress, and by combining the hinge and metal frame great strength
is obtained.
A second part of the Invention relates to such carriages wherein the doors
and window casings are in two parts, upper and lower, and the improvements
consist in the novel application and arrangement of rods, levers, and spring
bolts contained within the window space of the door which are acted upon by
the rise and fall of the window in the following manner :-To the lower ends
of two bell-crank levers vertical rods are suspended which terminate in angular
projections or rests for the window when lowered, and to the opposite end of
the bell-crank levers spring bolts are connected which, when the carriage
window is raised or closed are forced by their springs into corresponding
apertures or recess in the carriage frame, whereby the door is bolted and
fastened, and when the window is lowered so as to fall and bear upon the said
angular projections the springs are compressed by the weight and the bolts
withdrawn, thereby allowing the doors to be opened.
A third part of the Invention relates to the recess or pocket, into which
the window is lowered, the depth of which by the novel construction and
arrangement of window herein-after described is considerably reduced. This
arrangement consists in forming the framing of two parts, upper and lower,
the upper being so constructed that it will slide upon the framing of the
lower part when lowered into the pocket or space in the carriage door,
whereby the continuous length of the window is diminished and a corre-
sponding decrease of the usual depth in the pocket or recess is effected.
The strap attached to the lower sliding portion first raises the bottom half
until the lower meets a shoulder or catch on the upper, and then the
whole is raised together until the bottom of the upper portion rests upon
projections or platforms projecting from the groove in which the window
slides; the bottom of the lower portion rests upon the window ledge in the
ordinary manner.
Lastly, the improvements relate to the raising and lowering of the hood or
head of landaus, barouches, waggonettes, or other similar vehicles, and consists
in. the novel application of a coiled spring, from which projects an arm
provided with a bowl that presses upon the framing composing the hood in

page_text: such a manner that when the coiled spring is released the arm of such spring
will, with the slightest assistance, raise the heads of the carriage, so as to
expand the same.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Cockshoot in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th June 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPII
СOCKSHOOT, junior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Cockshoot, junior, Her special license that I, the said Joseph
Cockshoot, junior, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Joseph Cockshoot, junior, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGES',
LANDAUS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES," upori the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Joseph Cockshoot, junior, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said Joseph Cockshoot, junior, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings:--
My Invention relates, first, to that portion of carriages, coaches, landaus,
and other vehicles, called the door framing, which has been hitherto made of
wood and secured together by wooden plugs or pegs.

page_text: '
The improvements consist, first, in constructing the two upright pillars of
the door frame (that is the hinge pillar and the latch pillar) of thin metal and
screwing 'the other part of the frame and the panels (if necessary) thereto
and casting or forming the "male" part of the door hinge on such hinge
pillar, so as to constitute one piece, the hinge being constructed as in the
Specification of Letters Patent previously granted to me, dated September
Seventh, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, Number 2582. By
thus constructing the framework of the door about two or more inches of
space is available for ingress and egress, and by combining the hinge and
metal frame great strength is obtained.
A second part of the Invention relates to carriages, wherein the door and
window casing are in two parts, upper and lower, and the improvements
consist in the novel application and arrangement of rods, levers, and spring
bolts, contained within the window space of the door, which are acted upon by
the rise and fall of the window for the purpose of bolting and unbolting the
door in the following manner:-To the lower ends of the bell-crank levers
vertical rods are suspended, which terminate in angular projections or rests
for the window when lowered, and to the opposite end of these bell-crank
levers spring bolts are connected which, when the carriage window is raised
or closed, are forced by their springs into corresponding apertures or recesses
in the carriage frame, whereby the door is bolted and fastened, and when the
window is lowered so as to fall and bear upon the said angular projections the
springs are compressed by the weight and the bolts withdrawn, thereby
allowing the door to be opened.
A third part of the Invention relates to the recess or pocket into which the
window is lowered, the depth of which by the novel construction and
arrangement of window herein-after described is considerably reduced. The
arrangement consists in forming the framing of the window in two parts,
upper and lower, the upper being so constructed that it will slide upon the
framing of the lower part when lowered into the pocket or space in the
carriage door, whereby the continuous length of the window is diminished,
and a corresponding decrease of the usual depth of the door is thereby affected.
The strap-attached to the lower sliding portion raises the two portions of the
window until the bottom of the upper portion rests upon projections or
platforms projecting in the groove in which the window slides, the bottom of
the lower portion then drops and rests upon the window ledge or fence rail in
the ordinary manner.
Lastly, the improvements relate to the raising and lowering of the hood or

page_text: head of landaus, barouches, or other similar vehicles, by the application,
employment, and use of a coiled spring, from which projects an arm provided
with or without a bowl that presses upon the pillar or framing composing the
hood in such a manner that when the coiled spring is released the arm of such
spring will force up and raise the heads of the carriage so as to expand the
same.
And in order that my Invention may be more readily understood by an
explanation in detail I will proceed, aided by the accompanying Drawings,
more fully to describe the same.
The first part of my improvements relating to the pillars of the carriage door
are shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in which Fig. 1 represents the hinge metal
pillar detached from the door; Fig. 2 represents an inside view of the hinge
and latch pillar, and Fig. 8 a plan of the door shewing the section of the
metal pillars.
In these Figures a, a, are the grooves, in which the outside panelling is
placed and secured; b, b, are the grooves for the inside casing, and c is
the groove or recess in the pillar that forms the pocket for the window; dis
the male portion of the hinge joint cast with the pillar, and c¹ is the hole or
space for the latch or handle pin; by thus constructing the pillars of metal
two or more inches of space are obtained in the doorway, and by combining
the hinge d with the metal frame great strength is obtained.
The second part of my improvements relating to bolting and unbolting the
door of the carriage by the rise and fall of the window is illustrated in Figs. 4
and 5. To the lower ends of the bell-crank levers e, e¹, the vertical rods f,f,
are suspended, the ends of which terminate in angular projections or feet g, g',
which form rests for the glass windows, and dark slide or blind h¹ when
lowered, the preponderating weight of which compresses the springs k, k².
To the opposite ends of the bell-crank levers e, e', the bolts i, i¹, are connected
which, when the carriage window or windows are raised, are forced by the
coiled springs k, l, into corresponding apertures or recesses in the carriage
frame, whereby the door is bolted and fastened, and when the window is
lowered, as shewn at h¹, so as to fall and bear upon the angular projection or
foot g¹ the spring k¹ is compressed by the weight and the bolt withdrawn,
so that in cases where there is a glass slide and a dark slide or blind, if both
be lowered, the bolts connected to their respective levers will be withdrawn,
thereby allowing the door to be opened.
The third part of my improvements relating to a novel construction of
collapsing windows that enables the depth of the bottom door into which the

page_text: -:
window is lowered to be considerably reduced is shewn in Figs. 6, 7, and 8.
Fig. 6 represents the inside elevation of the two parts of the window as they
would appear when down in the door; Fig. 7 represents a vertical transverse
section of the carriage door shewing the window when up, and Fig. 8 repre-
sents a similar view of the door, shewing the window when collapsed and
down in the door. The framing of the window is formed in two parts, the
upper on and the lower one m, the upper one is so constructed and pro-
vided with a projecting pin m³ that it will slide upon the framing of the lower
part m; the pin m² slides in the slut m³, by which means the frames are kept
parallel by this means the continuous length of the window is diminished,
and a corresponding decrease of the usual depth of the door or recess is thereby
effected. The strap n attached to the lower sliding portion m raises the two
portions of the window together until the bottom of the upper frame / rests
upon the projection or platform o formed in the sliding grovė p, seen in
Figs. 7 and 8, the lower portion m of the window then lowers and rests upon
the window ledge g in the ordinary manner.
Lastly, my Invention, as seen in Figs. 9 and 10, relates to the raising and
lowering of the hood or head of landaus, barouches, or other similar vehicles,
and consists in the novel application and adaptation of the coiled springs r, a
projecting portion or arms of which presses upon the pillar or framing t, t,
composing the hood in such a manner that when the coiled spring r is
released the arms raise the heads of the carriage x as to expand the same;
the catch and rack u, seen in Fig. 10, being provided for the purpose of
retaining the hood in its position when lowered.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim,-
First. The novel construction, adaptation, and employment of the metal
pillars for the door, as herein-before described and set forth.
Secondly. I claim the peculiar arrangement and construction of self-acting
bolts for bolting or fastening the door when the windows are up, and releasing
or unbolting the same when the windows are down.
$
Thirdly. I claim the novel construction and arrangement of collapsing
windows, whereby the depth of the door is considerably reduced.
And, lastly. I claim the novel and peculiar adaptation of coiled springs for
raising the head of landaus, barouches, or similar vehicles, in conjunction
with the spring catch and rack for retaining the same when down, together
with the general arrangement and construction of the parts constituting

page_text: these improvements,, as herein-before described and fully set forth in the
Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Cockshoot, junior, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
WILLIAM P. NORRIS.
JOSEPH COCKSHOOT, JUN. (L.S.)