IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TUFTED CARPETS AND OTHER TUFTED PILE FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Holdsworth, of the City of Durham,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF TUFTED CARPETS AND OTHER TUFTED PILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 22nd October 1872, and dated the 11th July 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Holdsworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th July 1872.
I, SAMUEL HOLDSWORTH, of the City of Durham, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TUFTED CARPETS AND OTHER TUFTED PILE FABRICs," to
be as follows:-
:-
In carrying out my improvements the quantity or cluster of yarn to
form each tuft is conducted from a bobbin or other feeding means by a
recessed or grooved eyed needle or conductor with a pointed end, in
order that the tuft may be taken up between the warps and placed in
position to be tied in by the weft. A number of these needles or con-
A

page_text: ductors, with their feed means corresponding in number to those required
in a line of tufts across the fabric, and in variations of color corresponding
with the portion of pattern thereby to be produced. A number of these
frames, corresponding with the changes in the order or relation of the
color of the successive rows of tufts or repeats thereof, is employed.
These frames are supported on one or more pairs of rails, and are acted
upon by one or more corresponding pairs of endless travelling chains or
bands provided with hooks or drivers to carry the frames forward in
regular succession. At one end of these pairs of rails and chains or
bands each frame in its turn is received into a pair of holders attached to
arms, by which, aided for the upper rows by a pair of endless travelling
chains or bands, it is taken from one or the other of these pairs of rails and
delivered on to other guides or rails. The frame thus taken is then
moved towards the front of the loom on these guides or rails by means
of pairs of rods with catches or such like means acting as drivers, stops
being employed to act therewith to prevent the frames moving back-
wards out of their course. From these guides the frames are in succession
taken by lifters and raised so as to take a row of tufts through the warp
and bring them back, leaving sufficient to form a row of pile projecting
up through the warp, when weft is put in to bind that row of pile. The
row of tuft fibre is then again raised by the needles or conductors above
the warps, and whilst so raised weft and a pile wire are passed in and
the row of tuft fibre is then drawn down over that weft and the pile
wire, a beating up by the reed of the batten takes place, and whilst that
reed is pressing against the fabric the wire is withdrawn, cutting the pile
fibre by the cutter at one end of it so as to release those portions of the
pile fibre held by the needles or conductors. That frame which has just
supplied its proportion of tuft fibre to the fabric is then taken by other
arms or carriers, actuated by chains or such like means, and capable of
sliding on rocking bars so as to go into position to take a frame, and in
carrying it down to clear a rising one. The frame thus brought down
out of action is delivered on to another pair of rails on which it is caused
to move by hooks or clawkers carried by endless travelling chains or
bands, by which the frames are conducted back in definite order into
position to be taken by lifters and raised to one of the pairs of rails and
endless travelling chains or bands above referred to, and if need be by
other lifters from one set of such rails and chains or bands to another,
and so on. As one frame with its series of feeding needles or conductors
goes out of operation another is in like manner brought into operation.

page_text: The length of the pile is regulated by a tappet acting on levers and
link, causing each frame to go sufficiently down, so as to draw the proper
length of pile fibre through the eyes of the needles of such frame before
the cutting of the pile takes place.
When bobbins are used to each frame for the pile fibre they are
connected by a rod passing through and tightly holding them with screw
pressure.
Two weft threads are employed, both of which may be simultaneously
taken into the shed, or only one of them. These threads are supplied
from bobbins, which I place in boxes with glass fronts so as to keep the
air from them and prevent the moisture escaping from these bobbins.
The weft threads are conducted by guide rollers first to the interior and
thence to the surface of bobbins or drums. Weighted cords are attached
to each bobbin or drum, so that adjustable tension may be put on the
weft. The one weft thread is carried into the open shed by means of a
hollow rod or tube carried by an arm from a slide actuated by levers
and link. The other weft thread passes to a carriage which is capable
of being taken and held by a stationary spring catch on a rocking arm,
or of being caught by the arm or slide to which the arm for the other
weft is fixed, when that weft will also be caught by a hook-formed
portion of the rod for the other weft, so that both wefts will then be laid
together in an open shed. These movements to bring the second weft
into use are effected by tappets and arms in the order desired. The weft
thread or threads having been taken across the fabric are there held at
the one selvage by a shuttle or beading needle thread, actuated for that
purpose at that selvage of the fabric.
The mode of obtaining tension to the weft threads is also applied to
one of the selvage threads, viz., that next the insertion of the weft.
The pile wire is formed at one end with a knife edge to cut the pile
fibre, as stated, as it is withdrawn from the fabric, and at the other end
it is affixed to a plate capable of rocking on a traversing carriage actuated
for the insertion and withdrawal motions by cam or tappet and levers.
The plate just referred to is formed with an inclined groove to receive a
stud on the plate capable of sliding, and actuated so that the point or
cutting end of the wire may just before insertion be inclined towards the
widest portion of the open shed, and then when fully inserted it
tilted or inclined again to the fell of the fabric.
may be

page_text: No shuttles being used to throw the weft into the shed, as a consequence
no shuttle boxes are required for the same, and the batten carries
the reed portion only, and this is operated for the beat up by a cam or
tappet acting upon arms and links to such batten, so that considerable
rest may be given to the reed between the times of beat up, and an also an
extra beat up be given just before the cutting of the pile fibre, so that
such fibre may be tightly laid on to the pile wire before the cutting of
it takes place, and then a rest of the reed against the fabric is effected
whilst the pile wire cuts itself out.
The healds are operated on their under sides at one of their ends only,
and at the opposite ends are operated by arms and rigid connections
traversing in guides.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Holdsworth in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th January 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HOLDSWORTH, of the City of Durham, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-sixth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Samuel Holdsworth, Her special license that
I the said Samuel Holdsworth, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Holdsworth, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TUFTED CARPETS AND OTHER TUFTED PILE
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel
Holdsworth, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Holdsworth, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say: —
In carrying out my improvements the quantity or cluster of yarn to
form each tuft is conducted from a bobbin or other feeding means by
a recessed or grooved-eyed needle or conductor with a pointed end, in
order that the tuft may be taken up between the warps and placed in
position to be tied in by the weft. Series of these needles or conductors,
with their feed means corresponding in number to those required in a
line of tufts across the fabric, and in variations of color corresponding
with the portion of pattern thereby to be produced, are carried by
frames, and a number of these frames, corresponding with the changes
in the order or relation of the color of the successive rows of tufts or
repeats thereof is employed. These frames are supported on one or more
pairs of rails, and are acted upon by one or more corresponding pairs of
endless travelling chains or bands, provided with hooks or drivers to
carry the frames forward in regular succession. At one end of these
pairs of rails and chains or bands each frame in its turn is received into
a pair of holders attached to arms, by which, aided for the upper rows by
a pair of endless travelling chains or bands, it is taken from one or
the other of these pairs of rails and delivered on to other guides or rails.
The frame thus taken is then moved towards the front of the loom on
these guides or rails by means of pairs of rods with catches or such like
means acting as drivers, stops being employed to act therewith to
prevent the frames moving backwards out of their course. From these
guides the frames are in succession taken by lifters, and raised so as to
take a row of tufts through the warp and bring them back, leaving
sufficient to form a row of pile projecting up through the warp, when
weft is put in to bind that row of pile. The row of tuft fibre is then
again raised by the needles or conductors above the warps, and whilst so
raised weft and a pile wire are passed in, and the row of tuft fibre is
then drawn down over that weft and the pile wire, a beating up by the
reed of the batten takes place, and whilst that reed is pressing against the
fabric the wire is withdrawn, cutting the pile fibre by the cutter at one

page_text: end of it so as to release those portions of the pile fibre held by the
needles or conductors. That frame which has just supplied its pro-
portion of tuft fibre to the fabric is then taken by other arms or carriers,
actuated by chains or such like means and capable of sliding on rocking
bars, so as to go into position to take a frame, and in carrying it down to
clear a rising one. The frame thus brought down out of action is
delivered on to another pair of rails, on which it is caused to move by
hooks or clawkers carried by endless travelling chains or bands, by
which the frames are conducted back in definite order into position to
be taken by lifters and raised to one of the pairs of rails and endless
travelling chains or bands above referred to, and if need be by other
lifters from one set of such rails and chains or bands to another, and so
As one frame with its series of feeding needles or conductors goes
out of operation, another is in like manner brought into operation.
on.
The length of the pile is regulated by a tappet acting on levers and
link, causing each frame to go sufficiently down, so as to draw the proper
length of pile fibre through the eyes of the needles of such frame before
the cutting of the pile takes place.
When bobbins are used to each frame for the pile fibre, they are con-
nected by a rod passing through and tightly holding them with screw
pressure.
Two weft threads are employed, both of which may be simul-
taneously taken into the shed, or only one of them. These threads
are supplied from bobbins, which I place in boxes with glass fronts, so
as to keep the air from them and prevent the moisture escaping from
these bobbins. The weft threads are conducted by guide rollers first to
the interior and thence to the surface of bobbins or drums. Weighted
cords are attached to each bobbin or drum, so that adjustable tension
may be put on the weft. The one weft thread is carried into the open
shed by means of a hollow rod or tube, carried by an arm from a slide,
actuated by levers and link. The other weft thread passes to a carriage,
which is capable of being taken and held by a stationary spring catch
on a rocking arm or of being caught by the arm or slide to which the
arm for the other weft is fixed, when that weft will also be caught by a
hook-formed portion of the rod for the other weft, so that both wefts will
then be laid together in an open shed. These movements to bring the
second weft into use are effected by tappets and arms in the order desired.

page_text: The weft thread or threads having been taken across the fabric are there
held at the one selvage by a shuttle or beading needle thread, actuated
for that purpose at that selvage of the fabric.
The mode of obtaining tension to the weft threads is also applied to
one of the selvage threads, viz., that next the insertion of the weft.
The pile wire is formed at one end with a knife edge to cut the pile
fibre, as stated, as it is withdrawn from the fabric, and at the other end
it is affixed to a plate capable of rocking on a traversing carriage,
actuated for the insertion and withdrawal motions by cam or tappet and
levers. The plate just referred to is formed with an inclined groove to
receive a stud on a plate capable of sliding, and actuated so that the
point or cutting end of the wire may, just before insertion, be inclined
towards the widest portion of the open shed, and then when fully
inserted it may be tilted or inclined again to the fell of the fabric.
No shuttles being used to throw the weft into the shed, as a con-
sequence no shuttle boxes are required for the same, and the batten
carries the reed portion only, and this is operated for the beat up by a
cam or tappet acting upon arms and links to such batten, so that
considerable rest may be given to the reed between the times of beat up,
and also an extra beat up be given just before the cutting of the pile
fibre, so that such fibre may be tightly laid on to the pile wire before the
cutting of it takes place, and then a rest of the reed against the fabric is
effected whilst the pile wire cuts itself out.
The healds are operated on their under sides at one of their ends only,
and at the opposite ends are operated by arms and rigid connections
traversing in guides.
But that the Invention may be more fully understood, I will by the
aid of the accompanying Drawings proceed to describe means pursued
by me in carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section; Figures 2 and 3, two opposite
side views; Figure 4, a front view; and Figure 5, a back view; and
Figure 6, a sectional front view of some of the parts of a loom with
adaptations thereto according to my Invention.

page_text: Figuress 8, 9, 10, and 11 shew some of the parts separately to the
same scale, and Figures 12 and 13 shew a front and side view of the
heddle arrangements.
Figures 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 shew two opposite side views, two
opposite end views, and a section of one of the frames with its bobbins
and needles separately, to a scale of half the real size.
Figures 19 to 44 shew various detail views to an enlarged scale, in
order that their construction may be better understood.
Figures 45, 46, 47, and 48 shew views of cams used.
In each of the views the same letters are employed to indicate corre-
sponding parts wherever they occur.
a, a, is the main framing; b is the breast or work beam; c is the
batten, and d are the heddles; e is the main or driving axis, which
receives motion from a steam engine or other suitable power, acting by
a strap or band upon the driving pulley e¹ affixed on that axis e. Upon
the axis e is applied the pinion e³, the teeth of which take into the teeth
of the wheel e³, affixed on the shaft or axis e*, and on this shaft or axis et
is affixed the pinion e³, the teeth of which take into the teeth of the
wheel e, affixed on the main cam shaft f. On this shaft f is also affixed
the bevelled pinion f¹, the teeth of which take into the teeth of the
bevelled pinion g¹ and f³, affixed on the respective shafts or axes g
and f. The shaft f³ also carries another bevelled toothed wheel f*
the teeth of which take into the teeth of a bevelled pinion f³ affixed on
the shaft or axis fe. This shaft fe has also affixed on it another bevelled
toothed wheel f", the teeth of which take into the teeth of the bevilled
toothed wheel f³ affixed on the shaft ƒ³ to give motion to that shaft fo.
On this shaft f are also affixed the bevelled toothed wheels f and f" the
teeth of which take into the teeth of the bevelled toothed wheels f¹
and f¹³, affixed on the respective shafts or axes f¼ and f1. On the shaft
or axis f¹ are also affixed the bevelled toothed wheels f¹ and f¹.
bevelled toothed wheel f¹ takes into the teeth of and drives the bevelled
toothed wheel f¹8, affixed on the shaft or axis f1, and on this shaft or
axis are affixed the bevelled toothed wheels f and f". The teeth of
the bevelled toothed wheel f" take into the teeth of the bevelled toothed
wheelf affixed to the shaft or axis ƒ” to give motion to that shaft, and
the teeth of the bevelled toothed wheel f" take into the teeth of the
bevelled toothed wheel f" affixed on the shaft or axis f" to give motion
The

page_text: to that shaft or axis f. The teeth of the bevelled toothed wheel f¹
take into the teeth of the bevelled toothed wheelf affixed on the shaft
or axis f to give motion to that shaft f. On this shaft or axis f" are
also affixed the bevelled toothed wheels f³ and f". The teeth of the
bevelled wheel f* take into the teeth of the bevelled toothed wheel ₤30
affixed on the shaft f" to give motion to that shaft, and the teeth of the
bevelled wheel f" take into the teeth of the bevelled wheel ƒ affixed
on the shaft or axis f to give motion to that shaft fas. These various
shafts are supported so as to be capable of revolving, as desired, in
suitable bearings carried by the main framing. The various yarns to
form each double row of tufts across the fabric are supplied from bobbins h',
or such like means, carried by frames h, a number of which will be
arranged to succeed each other dependent on the changes required in any
pattern or on the length of pattern for the time being produced, or the
repeat of it.
Separate views of one of the frames his shewn at Figures 14, 15, 16, 17,
and 18. These views shew respectively two opposite sides, two opposite
ends, and a section of a frame h with its parts complete. It will be seen
that according to the arrangement shewn these frames / carry each four
bobbins, though this number may be varied. These bobbins are
applied to an axis h³ which is formed at one end with a collar h³, and at
the other end it is tapped to receive a screw nut h*, in order that when
the complement of bobbins has been applied thereto, they may be closely
bound together in order that the whole may, with the axis /², revolve
together in the bearings 3*, **, and to regulate the motion of the
bobbins so as to prevent too free delivery of the yarn, on them there is
applied the friction spring h³ to bear on the surface of one of these
bobbins; h are the needles affixed to these frames h. It will be seen
that each of these needles he is grooved, or is formed with a channel, or
is hollow in the direction of its length, and with an eye towards its
outer or pointed end.
The strands of pile yarn supplied by the bobbin h¹ are indicated by
one color in red lines; but this arrangement is adopted simply for con-
venience, and it will be understood that the strands of each row of them,
as carried by each frame, will vary in color, depending on their relation
to the pattern of pile to be obtained to the fabric for the time being
produced. Each strand of yarn passes from its bobbin /¹ partly around
both or one of the guide rods h³, thence under the guide rod / to the

page_text: the eye h thereof.
In order to facilitate the support of these frames 7 on suitable guide
rails, and their consecutive movement on such rails, they are each
provided with a pair of necks or studs 70, and in the arrangement of
parts, as shewn, there are five pairs of supporting rails upon which all
the frames travel in succession; but this number of the pairs of rails,
and the length of them, will be varied according to circumstances. The
frames are moved forward on each pair of rails in the direction
indicated by the arrows. The bottom pair of rails i is that which
receives the successive frames after they have given off yarn in the
formation of tufts of pile to the fabric, and in order to their coming in
turn into operation again, and the frames h are moved along these rails i
by means of hooks carried by links in the endless chains j, one on each
side. These chains ; pass partly round and are taken into by the teeth
of a pair of toothed wheels k formed on or applied to the two short
shafts or axes, and they also pass partly around similar toothed guide
wheels 2, which are supported to revolve on studs & carried with
capability of adjustment by the main framing. These short shafts or
axes are driven from the shaft or axis f by that axis having applied
to it the toothed wheel j³, the teeth of which take into the teeth of a
toothed wheel j* affixed on the axis j. The teeth of this wheel j* also
take into the teeth of the wheel ja affixed to the short axis
of the loom, whilst another similar wheel 17, at the end of
drives the wheel ja affixed on the other axis j³, so as to drive both
chains j alike. As each frame h arrives at the back end of the pair of
rails i, its necks or studs h10 are taken into by a pair of lifters m, which
hang by pin joints m¹ from rods m³, and these rods m² have vertical
motion given to them at that time, so as to lift the frame thus taken
into position for it to be taken up to, and laid on, the next pair of rails n.
In this lifting movement the necks or studs are caused to lift, and
thus pass the ends o¹ of a pair of levers o, after which the levers o fall to
the position indicated by the Drawing. In the downward movement of
the lifters m the necks or studs 10 come against the inclined surface o¹ of
the levers o, by which those studs 10 will be slided into position to be
taken by hooks in another pair of chains j, which will catch on to the
necks or studs h¹, and progressively carry forward such frame h with
others along the rails n until they arrive opposite another pair of
on one side
the shaft j*,

page_text: lifters m, carried by another pair of vertical rods m³, by which the frame h
brought into position will be lifted past another pair of levers o to be
taken by other pairs of hooks ₁ of another endless chain j actuated by
other toothed wheels k formed on or applied to the axis or shaft f³¹, and
each frame h is carried forward on the rails n of each tier, and then lifted
to the next, and so on in succession until it is taken by a pair of
lifters me very similar to the lifters m, but which, in this case, are sus-
pended by pivots m' from arms m³, and are weighted at their lower ends
to facilitate their preserving a perpendicular direction. The arms m³ are
affixed to the axes f, by which these arms m³ are continually carried
round, and progressively take a frame h from a pair of rails n, and
deliver it to one of a series of pairs of hooks p¹ carried by the endless
chains p, which are supported by passing partly round toothed pulleys p*
and p³.
'
The toothed pulleys p³ are affixed to, and receive motion with, the
axis f¹, so as to give motion to the chains P to carry the frames carried
thereby down on to another pair of rails q, where they are progressively
moved forward by means of a pair of bars with teeth r¹ to act against
the necks or studs /10.
Up and down movement to the bars m³, m³, is effected by the crank
pins m', affixed with capability of adjustment in crank arms m³, applied
to and revolving with the axes f and f³. Each of these crank pins
receives one end of a connecting rod m³, the other end of which is, by
pin joint, connected to an arm m¹ affixed to a rocking shaft m", and
each of these rocking shafts m" is provided with another pair of arms m¹³,
which are connected by links m¹s with the respective bars m³ and m³.
The bars m and m³ are guided in their movement by pieces m¹ affixed
thereto, sliding on the fixed guide rails m¹5. The desired to and fro
movements to the bars r, in order to their progressively carrying forward
the frames h on the rails q are effected by means of the cam³ on the
shaft f, acting on the truck or bowl ³ carried by the lever *, which
turns upon a centre of motion, and at its other end by pin joint 106 is
connected to one end of the link r', the other end of which is connected
to one end of the lever arms affixed to an axis 7, which extends across
the loom, and is supported to be capable of motion in bearings carried
by the main framing, and to which are applied other arms 710, one on
each side of the loom, which arms are each connected by pin joint 711 to
onc end of links 13, the other ends of which are by pin joints con-

page_text: nected to the bars r. 13 are hinged ends to the bars r, to enable them
the better to follow the inclines at the front ends q¹ of the rails q; 8, 8,
are other bars with teeth s¹ resting on the rails q, and acting against the
necks or studs 10 of the frames h, to hold them in position, and prevent
their movement backwards on the rails q during the backward move-
ment of the bars r. These bars & are each connected by pin joint &³ to
one end of a link 8³, the other end of which turns upon a stud 8* from a
stationary standard a¹, by which these bars & are held in correct relative
position, whilst they simply rise to admit of the passage of the necks of
the frames under their teeth 8', and then fall again behind those necks.
Other guides are also provided to keep the bars r and s in their correct
relative positions in their movements on the rails q.
The front ends of the rails q are inclined upwards at q', as stated
above, and are recessed at q³ to receive the necks or studs h¹ of each of
the frames h in succession, and they are there held from slipping back 1
by means of the arms 93, which are capable of turning upon fixed
studs q', as shewn, and the lower edge of the frame then rests between.
the ends of the arms t and the upper ends u¹ of the arms u.
The arms are applied to a small shaft t3 which is supported to turn
at its ends in bearings carried by the main framing, and has affixed to or
formed on it another arm to which is acted upon by a spring, so as to
enable the arms t to yield to the passage of the frames h, and then act
with the arms u on the lower end of each frame h in succession to steady
them.
The arms u are also applied to a small shaft u³ which is supported to
turn in bearings carried by the main framing, and has formed on or
affixed to it other arms u³ and u*.
The arm 3 acts simply as a stop, and it is adjustable whilst the arm u*
is acted upon by a spring with a tendency to draw the parts u¹ towards.
the parts . As each frame h is pushed up the inclined ends q' of the
rails q by the hooked hinged ends 18 of the bars r, a bowl >¹³ carried by
the hinged piece ¹ bears against such frame, so as to push its lower end
correctly between the parts t¹ and u¹ when the necks h are in the
recesses q³.
The hinged piece 7 is hinged at 16 to the sliding rod 7, as more 3

page_text: rod is supported to slide freely in bearings provided for it affixed to the
under side of one of the rails 9, and it is actuated by a stud 18 affixed to
it, being embraced by a slotted opening formed in the plate affixed to
one of the sliding toothed bars r. The hinged piece is acted upon by
the spring, and it also carries a stud 2, which in the forward motion
of the bowl 15 bears against one side of the hinged rail 7", but so soon
as the bowl has acted as stated to place a frame h correctly in position
between the parts and u¹, the stud slips past the end 25 of the
rail by that end of that rail yielding to the stud 72, and that rail then
springs back again and by its inclined surface 7 acts to draw the hinged
piece with its bowl 15 out of the way, and admit of the free passage of
the frame h next to be acted upon by the roller 71. The hinged rail **
turns upon a fulcrum at 7 and is borne against by a spring. Lifters v
carried by the rocking arms v¹ now come into position to take the frame
by its necks ho from the recesses q* and actuate it so that the needles *
may take their pile threads into the warp and operate them there for the
formation of the required tufts. The rocking arms v' are supported to
turn on studs o³ at the lower part of the loom, and they are actuated for
the desired rocking motion by means of the cam v³ affixed on the shaft f,
by that cam acting on the truck or bowl v' carried by one end of one of
the two lever arms o³ affixed to the shaft ve, which is supported to turn in
bearings carried by the main framing. The upper ends of these arms 7³
are connected each to one end of a connecting rod, the other end of each
of which is at ³ connected to a rocking arm v¹, so that the like rocking
movements are thereby simultaneously given to both rocking arms v¹.
The lifters are formed, as more clearly seen by the enlarged views
thereof at Figures 21, 22, and 23, to receive the necks h¹ in the
recesses v¹º, whilst the lower part of the frame h is received into the
steadying pieces 50 with the upper end of the spring v resting against
the neck in the recess at the left hand side of the loom, and the
neck h° resting against the stop at the right hand side of the
loom when the flat part * of the neck h¹ is caught by the catch "
formed on the upper end of the lever v³, and this lever is supported
to turn on the axis of motion at 6¹³, and it is borne inwards by a spring.
The other end of this lever v¹ is formed with a stud v which in
the descending movement of the lifters comes against the inclined
surfaces formed on the hanging levers 1, which are hung from the
pins standing out one from each rocking lever v¹. The lifters are

page_text: sliding pieces x is shewn in position to a scale of half the real size at
Figure 24, and by detail views at Figure 25, by which its construction
and action will be better understood. It will be seen that the slide x
is provided with a stud x³, which passes into a slotted opening x³ formed
for it in the rail i, and each of these sliding pieces x is connected by pin
joint x' to the outer end of an arm x³, and these arms are affixed to
the rocking shaft x, on which is applied another arm x7 carrying a
bowl a actuated by the cam x³ affixed on the shaft f.
The arms ware affixed to slides w¹ formed to embrace the V edges
formed on the rocking bars w³, one on each side of the loom. Each of
these rocking bars w³ carries a stud by which it is capable of rocking in
bearings carried by the main framing. The upper end of each of these
rocking arms is provided with a stud w³, and these studs pass into slotted
openings formed for them in arms w³ from the shaft w, which is simply
capable of rocking in bearings formed for it, and applied to the main
framing. By the use of these rocking arms w acting on the studs w*
uniformity in the action in the two rocking bars w³ is maintained.
The slides to¹ are connected together, and to a pair of endless chains w°
by a rod 2010, and these endless chains each pass over a pair of toothed
chain wheels w¹¹ and w¹³, which are capable of turning on studs from
the main frame. The wheels w¹¹ are simply guide wheels, but each of
the wheels has formed on its boss a pinion to¹³, the teeth of which
are taken into by the teeth of wheels w¹ affixed to the shaft to, which
is supported to turn in bearings carried by the main framing, and has
affixed to one end of it the pinion w¹8, the teeth of which are taken into
by the teeth of a segment 2017 formed on one end of a lever w¹8, which
turns upon a stud 2010 carried by the framing, and which at its other
end carries a bowl w acted upon by a cam w affixed to the shaft f, by
which means a liſting and lowering is effected to the arms w. A and B
are the two weft threads. The weft thread A is supplied from one or
the other of the bobbins A' contained in the chamber A³, and from that
chamber the weft A passes by the opening A³ through a tube A* to the
interior of a bobbin A³, from one side of which it thence passes, and is
then coiled round it one or more times before it passes away to the
pulley wheel A' by which it is conducted to the interior of the weft
carrier A7, the construction of which is better seen by the enlarged views
of parts at Figures 26 and 27. The weft A passes along the interior of
the weft carrier A7, and out therefrom by the opening A³ to the fabric.

page_text: This weft rod A' is supported and guided at its inner end by passing
through the fixed bearing A³, and it is actuated for placing weft in the
fabric by being connected at its outer end to the plate z of the slide A",
which is formed to slide on the stationary V formed bar A¹, and is
actuated for the wefting by means of the cam A" affixed on the cross
shaft by that cam acting on the truck or bowl A¼ carried by the
lever A, one end of which turns upon a fixed stud A1, whilst its other
end is provided with an adjustable stud A*, which passes into a slotted
groove formed for it in the lever A". This lever A" turns on the fixed
stud A, and at its upper end is by the link A" connected to the stud A20
projecting from the slide A". The other weft thread B in like manner
is supplied from one of the bobbins B' in a chamber B by that weft
passing out through the opening B³, and through a tube B' to a
bobbin B³, into and through which it passes, and once or more times
round which it is coiled in its passage to the carriage C. The object of
thus passing the weft threads into the interior, thence out by an opening
in the side of these bobbins A³, B³, and then one or more times round
them is to produce a frictional tension on them, as well as to take the
slack up, whilst the bobbins are kept with tendency to pull in the
opposite direction to that of the draft on the weft in weaving by means
of the weighted cords A*, B*, acting on enlargements applied to their
axes, as shewn.
The thread B passes from the bobbin B' partly around the pulley
wheel C¹ in the carriage C, to the eye D₁ of the finger D, thence to the
work. The carriage C, as more clearly shewn by Figure 28, is formed
with projections C³ to pass into openings C³ formed for them in the
plate z projecting from the slide A", and these projections C² are formed
with notches to be taken into by the catches C, C+, formed on the sliding
plate C, which is capable of sliding on the under side of the plate z, and
is borne with a tendency to be pressed in one direction by means of a
spring C, shewn by dotted lines in Figure 26, and when thus applied,
the carriage C will move towards and from the selvage of the loom with
the slide A in the movement of the weft carrier A' for the laying in of
weft conducted by such carriage C. When that thread B is not required
to be laid into the fabric the carriage C is disconnected from the plate z
and slide A by its being received on to and held by the arm C³. For
this purpose when the carriage C is required to be taken by the arm C³,
the outer end of that arm is drawn downwards in a line for the point C

page_text: thereof to enter the carriage C, and the spring C on the under side
thereof will then be borne against by the stop C", so that that spring
may also enter the carriage C as the carriage C is being brought back in
a direction opposite to that of the selvage of the loom, and just when
these parts have entered the carriage C the projecting end of the
plates C' will come against the stop C¹¹ to release the projections C³.
The arm C³ will then be raised, taking with it the carriage C and holding
it, as shewn on a larger scale by Figures 29 and 30, until it is required
again to be taken by the plate z, and then it will only be necessary for
the arm C8 to be drawn downwards with the carriage C on to the plate z,
and with the projections C thereof through the openings C³ of that
plate, and be there held until the slide A¹¹ moves towards the selvage,
when the carriage C will leave the arm C³ and become attached to the
plate z and be moved with it.
The arm Cs is supported to move on a fixed stud C¹², and it is operated
by the cam C¹³ acting on the bowl C carried by one end of the lever C¹³,
which turns upon the fixed stud C, and at its other end is connected by
a link C7 to the arm C³. When the weft thread B is desired to be taken
into the shed with the weft A, that thread B is lifted by means of the
instrument D, and then allowed to drop in between the points 1 and 2 of
the weft carrier A', when that thread B will be taken and laid in the
shed with a thread A. The weft thread or threads having been taken
through the shed are there held at the one selvage by a shuttle thread
or by a beading or lacing needle, as may be found most convenient,
to prevent its being drawn out with the receding motions of the thread
carriers.
The instrument D is affixed to so as to form part of an arm D' affixed
to the axis D' which is supported with capability of turning in stationary
bearings, and has another arm D', which by a link D³ is connected
to one end of the lever D° which turns upon a stud D, and at its
other end carries a bowl De acted upon by the cam D' on the shaft f.
E is the pile wire which at one end is formed with the knife edge E¹,
and at the other end it is formed with a head E2 to pass into a socket
formed for it in the plate E³, and this plate is applied with capability of
a slight rocking motion on the plate E+ by being held thereon by the
hollow pins or sockets E³. These various parts are shewn full size at
Figures 32, 33, 34, and 35. The wire is held in the plate E³ by a pin E'
B

page_text: passing through the parts, as shewn. The plate E' is affixed to the
slide E' which is capable of sliding on the V formed bar E³, and is
operated by the cam E on the shaft g by that cam acting upon a
truck E carried by the lever E", which lever is supported with capability
of turning on the fixed stud E, and at the other end carries a stud E¹
which works in a slot formed for it in the lever E¼, one end of which
turns on the fixed stud A18, and the other end of which is by the link E1
connected to the slide E7. The opposite or knife end of the wire passes
through a guide E²º.
The batten moves between the guides a³, a³, and it is operated by the
cam c¹ affixed on the shaft f by that cam operating the truck or bowl c³
carried by the arm c³ affixed to the rocking shaft ct and links c* from the
arm to an arm co affixed on the shaft c' on which are affixed other
arms, which by the links c' are connected to the batten c.
There are three heddles d shewn, and they are each similarly con-
structed and operated, except that the extent of their relative movements
will vary with the cams operating them and with the shedding desired.
At one side the top rail and the bottom rail of the heddle are connected
together by a rigid bar d³ and to the top lever d' by a rigid link ď³, and
the two ends d³, d³, of these top and bottom rails move up and down
between stationary guides d', d. The top lever d' is connected to the
other top lever & by a rigid link in the ordinary way, and this lever
and the bottom lever d¹ on that side are connected to the heddle bars,
and those bars to each other by links, as shewn, but there are no bottom
levers to the opposite side.
In order, however, that the operation of the parts to produce the tufts
in the fabric may be better understood, I will proceed to describe a
course of working with the immediately operating parts. Before pro-
ceeding to do so I would however state that I space the warps through
the reeds of the batten so as to afford as free and open spaces as possible
between them for the free and correct entering of the needles.
According to the arrangements as shewn by the Drawings, there are
three sets of warp threads X, Y, and Z, which are respectively supplied
from beams X, Y¹, and Z¹. The warp threads X and Y are those which
by alternately being operated to pass under and over the weft form the
small chain, whilst the warps Z form the stuffing or middle warp, and

page_text: the position indicated by the principal Figures and by the Diagram,
Figure 49, is when a frame h has been lifted by the lifters v acting on
the necks or studs 10 to raise that frame with its needles h, together
with their strands of pile yarn through the warp, and those needles have
receded by the partial descent of the lifters v, leaving the ends of those
pile yarns sufficiently above the fell of the fabric to form one row of tuft
or pile, and a double shoot of weft has been thrown in against such row
of tuft by the instrument A', by that instrument having taken its thread
through the open shed in the warp yarns, and the thread so taken
having been taken hold of to be retained by the aid of a beading needle
or otherwise, at the left hand selvage of the fabric, and the instrument A
has retired again to the right hand selvage a beat of the reed takes
place. A fresh shed is now formed by the warps Y being raised to form
the upper part thereof and the warps X and Z the bottom of such shed,
and the outer end of the arm C³ is depressed to bring the carriage C on
to the plate z and depress the spring C₁ of the arm C* by that spring
coming on to the stop C", so that the carriage C may be free both of the
nose C and the spring C¹ of the arm C³. The portion of weft thread B
between the right hand selvage of the fabric and the instrument D is
now laid by that instrument D between the points 1 and 2 of the weft
carrier A'. The batten is now taken somewhat further back than in its
previous back motion, and the instruments ho are raised into the position
indicated by the Diagram, Figure 50, with the weft yarn last taken in
lying over the portion of tuft pile yarn held between the fell of the
fabric and the ends of those instruments he, which are so raised that the
next weft thrown in may come against that tuft pile with a tendency to
hold it upwards. During these last movements the slide E7 has been
moved somewhat further to the right hand, so that the end of its
slide E has been brought against the stop E" to move that slide by
which the stud E, carried by that slide E", has been caused to move
from one end of the inclined slot E in the plate E³ to the other end
thereof, by which the cutting end of the pile wire has been taken back
in the guide E2 more towards the needles he of the frame h, for the time
raised, and opposite the angular space formed by the pile yarns as now
held between those needles * and the fell of the fabric and the upper
part of the shed formed by the warp threads X, Y, Z. The inner end of
the weft thread carrier A' now enters the shed formed between the
warps Y and X, Z, taking with it both the weft threads A and B, whilst
the weft thread carrier is performing its traverse the pile wire is taken
» 2

page_text: into the angular space referred to under the tuft pile yarns, as held
between the fell of the fabric and the eyes of the instruments 6, the weft
threads are caught by and held as before at the left hand selvage, and
the weft carrier retires from the shed.
The pile wire having been carried fully across the fabric the opposite
end of the slide E" now comes in contact with the stop E¹, by which
that slide is moved in the opposite direction, throwing the knife end of
the pile wire towards the front of the loom with the body of that wire
close up to the fell of the fabric, and with the pile warp lying over it.
The needles h of the frame h for the time acting with the warps are 1
now brought forward towards the fell of the fabric, pushing the weft just
laid in towards the fell of the fabric, as indicated by the diagram
Figure 51.
The needles descend, the batten beats up, and the warps
change so that the warps X and Z now form the upper, and the warps Y
the lower part of the shed, as indicated by the diagram Figure 52.
The end of the arm 7" now acts on the stud va, projecting from the
weighted lever 250 to aid that weight in insuring that the tuft pile yarn
is drawn tightly by the needles hover the pile wire E, and draws off a
sufficient quantity from the respective bobbins for the next supply.
The batten having made a beat up now recedes a short distance from 2
the fell of the fabric, and then again beats up, and the batten then
stands pressing against the fell of the fabric, whilst the pile wire is
being withdrawn, cutting the loops of tuft pile yarn which have been
laid over it, and thereby separating the row of tufts just formed from
the tuft pile yarn in the needles hº.
During these last movements the segment 2017 has acted on the 2
pinion on the shaft w to cause the rotation of that shaft, and
by the wheel w" thereon acting on the pinions w¹³ and their wheels w¹
causing the movement of the chains w° to lift the slides w¹, and
with them the arms w, until one of them with the connecting rod
thereof to acts on the under side of the sliding stop y which slides on Va
grooves formed on one of the arms wo² to relieve the points on the under
side of that stop y from recesses formed for them in the upper surface of
the bar y', in order that the upper ends of the arms 10² may move slightly
backwards for the hooked ends of the instruments w to pass under the
necks of the frame h, which has been feeding tufts to the fabric a

page_text: whilst the lifters v recede therefrom to release those necks and to take a
fresh frame h, and proceed with it as before. The segment w" then acts
in the reverse direction, and the spring y³ acts on the arm y* affixed on
the axis 2015, to aid the axis w¹ on its return motion, taking that axis
back over the centre; the arms w now descend with the frame h, and
deposit it on the end of the rails i, with the necks or pivots ¹º thereof
resting on that part of that rail and in the recesses x' of the instruments x
which now have movement given to them to take that frame back into
position to be taken by catches of the chain j. The batten recedes
and a single weft A is now laid in by the action of the instrument A' into
the shed described as formed of the warps X and Z, forming the upper
portion of it, and the warp Y the bottom portion of it. The batten now
drives up the weft to within a short distance of the fell, and then recedes
when the needles * rise, bringing their pile yarn up through the warps,
the shed being formed as represented by Figure 53, into which a single
weft is laid by the instrument A' at the back of the needles h; those
needles then descend to the position indicated by the Figure 49, with
the upper ends of the pile yarns taken in by those needles being held
between the two wefts, and a beat up takes place, beating up both of the
last wefts A with the ends of the pile yarn from the needles hª held
between.
It will thus be seen that a single wire works by itself in the formation
and cutting open of the rows of loops.
The various cams are mostly provided with rims to guide the bowls to
their surfaces or with springs to act on the levers to bear the bowls to
their operating surfaces. Figure 54, represents an exaggerated diagram
of fabric produced as above. The circles A represent when a single weft
thread is laid in, and the circles A, B, when both the weft threads are
laid in together.
Having thus described my Invention, and means which I adopt for
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the various arrangements of parts, as shewn and
described, as these may be varied without departing from the peculiar
character of the Invention, and although the parts of the loom are
shewn for the manufacture of tufted carpets it will be readily understood
that the adaptations are equally applicable to the manufacture of other
tufted pile fabrics; but what I claim is, the adaptation or combination

page_text: of parts in looms whereby tufted carpets and other tufted pile fabrics
may be produced, substantially as described.
Also, I claim the adaptation or combination of parts of looms for the
manufacture of tufted carpets and other tufted pile fabrics whereby the
fibre for the successive rows of tufts is fed by recessed or grooved needles
or such like conductors from bobbins or other suitable feed means,
carried by suitable frames or carriers, and the frames or carriers are
brought into position from the back to the face of the fabric for pro-
ducing the tufts, and the tufts formed are separated by suitable cutting
means from the tuft pile fibre still held by the frames or carriers, and
such frames or carriers are conducted away through successive tiers or
series as may be desired, and returned for the successive use of the tuft
pile yarn carried thereby, substantially as described.
Also, I claim the adaptation or combination of parts of looms by which
weft threads are operated in the manufacture of tufted carpets and other
tufted pile fabrics, and so that either one or two weft threads may be
conducted into the shed at the same time, and whereby weft thread may
be inserted into a shed formed for it between the fell of the fabric and
the needles or such like means during the insertion of the pile wire, or
whilst that wire is in the fabric; substantially as described.
Also, I claim the adaptation or combination of parts of looms whereby
healds used in the manufacture of tufted carpets and other tufted pile
fabrics are operated on their under sides at one of their ends only, and at
the opposite ends are operated by arms and rigid connections traversing
in guides, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Holdsworth, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
SAMUEL HOLDSWORTH. (L.S.)

page_text: h
A B A A A A A A A A A A A
A A A A A A A 1
A
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 z Z²