IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS AND TILES, AND FOR MOULDING PEAT AND PLASTIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Ward, Truss Maker, and Henry Burman,
Brick Maker, both of Stratford-on-Avon, in the County of Warwick,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS
AND TILES, AND FOR MOULDING PEAT AND PLASTIC SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 15th May 1860, and dated the 16th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Ward and Henry
Burman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th November 1859.
We, JAMES WARD, Truss Maker, and HENRY BURMAN, Brick Maker, both
of Stratford-on-Avon, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS
AND TILES, AND FOR MOULDING PEAT AND PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
The first part of our Invention consists in an improvement upon a brick
making machine Patented 30 Dec. 1852, No. 1202, by James Ward and William
Burman, and relates to the means of driving the feed table. This part of
our Invention consists in fitting a disc on the main shaft and in connecting
two rollers thereto, which act on one or other of two forked arms of a
lever centered on a pin in the side frame of the machine, the lower end of the
lever is connected to one end of a horizontal connecting rod, the opposite end
of which is bolted to the outer end of the table. Upon the rotation of the
disc the rollers cause the lever to play, and consequently the table to
advance and recede.

page_text: The second part of our Invention consists in a machine for preparing clay
by forming it into clods to be acted upon in the brick machine. Upon
suitable framework, and with suitable driving gear, we mount on one end a
roller, and over this a hopper for delivering the clay. The clay is laid upon
rollers or other suitable bed, a mould with apertures at top to allow of the
escape of any excess of clay is caused to advance, taking in a feed up against
the roller, which, revolving, wipes any excess of clay from the mouth of the
mould. The mould then retires, and in doing so comes in contact with
pistons entering the back thereof, and which force out the clods prepared for
the brick machine. It will be understood that although we have only styled
the machine as a brick machine, it is also capable of making tiles and of
moulding peat and plastic substances. The preparing machine is also suited
to the preparation of peat and of plastic substances generally.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Ward and Henry Burman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
WARD, Truss Maker, and HENRY BURMAN, Brick Maker, both of Stratford-on-
Avon, in the County of Warwick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Ward and Henry Burman, Her special licence that we, the said
James Ward and Henry Burman, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Ward and Henry Burman, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter, during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING
BRICKS AND TILES, AND FOR MOULDING PEAT AND PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Ward and Henry
Burman, or one of us, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or one of our or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and

page_text: in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Ward and Henry Burman, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, that is to say :-
The first part of our Invention consists in an improvement upon a brick
making machine Patented 30th December 1852, No. 1202, by James Ward and
William Burman, and relates to the means of driving the feed table. This
part of our Invention consists in fittting a disc on the main shaft, and in con-
necting two rollers thereto, which act on one or other of two forked arms of a
lever centred on a pin in the side frame of the machine, the lower end of the
lever is connected to one end of a horizontal connecting rod, the opposite end
of which is bolted to the outer end of the table. Upon the rotation of the disc
the rollers cause the lever to play, and consequently the table to advance and
recede.
The second part of our Invention consists in a machine for preparing clay
by forming it into clods to be acted upon in the brick machine. Upon
suitable framework, and with suitable driving gear, we mount on one end a
roller, and over this a hopper for delivering the clay. The clay is laid upon
rollers or other suitable bed, a mould with apertures at top to allow of the
escape of any excess of clay is caused to advance taking in a feed up against
the roller, which, revolving, wipes any excess of clay from the mouth of the
mould. The mould then retires, and in doing so comes in contact with
pistons entering the back thereof, and which force out the clods prepared for
the brick machine. It will be understood that although we have only styled
the machine as a brick machine, it is also capable of making tiles and of
moulding peat and plastic substances. The preparing machine is also suited to
the preparation of peat and of plastic substances generally, which may be
finished in any suitable press or die.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a side and Figure 2 an
end elevation of a machine for the manufacture of bricks and tiles con-
structed according to the before named Patent previously granted to James
Ward and William Burman, and shewing the first part of our Invention.
A is the main shaft of the machine mounted in a frame A', which is supported
on wheels (not shown). This shaft A is cranked and carries rods B, B, for
communicating an up-and-down motion to the die E. One end of the

page_text: cranked shaft A carries a spur wheel C, into the teeth of which a pinion D
takes. This pinion is mounted on a shaft carrying fast and loose pulleys F, F,
round which a strap passes for communicating motion from a steam engine or
other prime mover. G is a fly wheel for regulating the motion.
On the
contrary side of the cranked shaft A to that which carries the spur wheel.C,
we mount a disc H which carries two rollers I, J, one on each side of the said
disc as shewn clearly in Figure 2. K is a forked lever working in a mortice
about the point L, and jointed at its lower end to a horizontal connecting
rod M, which is linked or otherwise attached to the sliding table N. On
motion being communicated to the machine through the fast pulley and bevil
gearing the table N is caused to advance and recede through the rollers I and
Jon the disc H, acting on the forked lever K, which has thereby an oscil-
lating motion imparted to it about the point L, which motion is transmitted to
the table through the horizontal connecting rod M, in such manner that as the
roller I comes in contact with the bent part of the lever K, the table travels
back to receive a clod for making a brick or tile. As soon as the roller I has
passed the centre of the lever K, the roller J. comes in contact with the short
leg of the lever K and forces the table forwards, carrying the clod which bas
been placed upon it beneath the die.
Figure 3 is a plan, and Figure 4 a sectional elevation of a machine for pre-
paring clay and other plastic materials constructed according to the second
part of our Invention. A is a cast-iron frame carrying supports or standards
B, B. C is a shaft working in bearings formed in the standards B, B. This
shaft carries a driving pulley D, fly wheel E, and pinions F, G. These
pinions gear into and drive respectively the cog wheels H and I, which revolve
on bearings fixed to the frame A. L, L, are studs fixed on the wheels II and I,
for imparting a reciprocating motion to the rods M, M. These studs work in
slides a, a, seen clearly at Figure 4. V, V, are rods attached to each of the
slides a, and passing through standards K, K, for steadying their motion.
O, O, are dies perforated at top and attached to the rods M, M, which carry a
cross piece w, through which guide rods N, N, work for steadying the to-and-
fro motion of the dies. The studs L, L, are so arranged on the wheels H
and I that they cause the rods M, M, and with them the dies to move alter-
nately to and fro. P, P, are piston rods connected to pistons which work in
the dies 0, 0. These rods pass through guides at Q, and cross pieces w, w.
R is a pulley keyed on the opposite end of the shaft C, to that which carries
the fly wheel E. S is another pulley mounted on the same shaft as a pinion
which gears into and drives a spur wheel T. U is a roller mounted on the
same shaft as the wheel T. A strap passes from the pulley R to the pulley S

page_text: as shown, and by this means rotary motion is communicated through the
pinion and spur wheel before mentioned to the roller U. Instead of this roller
we sometimes make use of a plate or wiper to which a rotary to and fro or lateral
motion is imparted, which acts on the clay in a manner similar to the action
of the roller, as will be hereafter explained. is a hopper through which clay
or other plastic material is fed into the machine. On motion being communi-
cated to the machine through the wheel D from a steam engine or other
prime mover, and clay or other plastic material being fed in from the hopper x,
the clay is drawn down in front of the advancing die, which so soon as it is filled
comes in contact with the roller U. As the roller revolves it prevents the clay
adhering to it, which would be the case if the roller and the die were stationary.
If the dies become overcharged the excess of clay or other plastic material
On the dies
passes off through the perforations in the top of the dies.
receding the piston rods P, P, come in contact with the blocks W, W, which
force the pistons down the dies to drive out the contents, which are removed
by an attendant. The machine can be made double acting by fitting dies and
a roller or wiper, with the wheels and pinions for driving the same, on the
opposite side of the machine.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,-
First, obtaining the to-and-fro motion of the feed table in brick and tile
making and moulding machinery, by means of the disc and rollers arranged
and working essentially in manner first herein-before described.
Second, preparing clods of clay and other plastic material by means of the
machinery arranged and working substantially in manner herein-before
described and illustrated, with reference to the second part of our Invention.
Third, the employment in machinery for preparing clods for moulding, of a
roller or cylinder or wiper, which in revolving or moving wipes any excess of
clay or other plastic material from the moulds containing the clods to be
moulded.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Ward & Henry Burman, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifteenth day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JAMES WARD.
(L.S.)
HENRY BURMAN. (L.S.)