matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN TWINING JENNIES OR APPARATUS FOR TWINING OR DOUBLING COTTON. SILK, WORSTED. AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Whiteley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1868.
1. JAMES WHITELEY, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TWINING JENNIES OR APPARATUS FOR TWINING OR DOUBLING COTTON. SILK,
WORSTED. AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of spirally grooved pins
or studs placed on the "list board," or near to the trough of twining
jeunies at or opposite each end or thread as it issues from the feed
rollers. The threads or yarns are turned around the pins by the
attendant as many times as he may think proper, and they slide in
the spiral groove which smooths the yarn, and being turned around
two or three times the pins or studs may be used as substitutes for the
"slides" for holding the threads during the "putting up" of the
carriage or when winding the yarn on the spindle.
In- PROVEMENTS IN BOBBIN HOLDERS TO BE USED WITH SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Waide Reynolds at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd June 1868.
I, GEORGE WALDE REYNOLDS, of Stamford Street, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN BOBBIN HOLDERS TO BE USED WITH SEWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
The cotton used for sewing machines is usually rewound from a large
sized bobbin containing about 12,000 yards of cotton on to small spools
containing from 500 to 1,000 yards, which considerably increases the
expense of the cotton and is also the cause of much waste.
Now the object of this Invention is to lessen this expense and waste
by having a bobbin holder sufficiently large to take the largest sized
bobbin that would be required. This bobbin holder is composed of
a base which is screwed or otherwise fastened on to any convenient part
of the machine, the sides of the said bobbin holder being elastic and

page_text: a screwed spindle passing through them near the top for the reception
of the bobbin. On the screwed end of the spindle is a nut or thumb
screw for regulating the tension, and on the other end is a projection
taking into the side of the bobbin holder so as to prevent the spindle
from turning round when tension is applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NON-CONDUCTORS OF HEAT FOR THE HANDLES OF THA POTS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Langford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
October 1868.
I, JOHN LANGFORD, of. Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN NON-CONDUCTORS OF HEAT FOR THE HANDLES OF THA POTS AND
OTHER VESSELS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
In the said non-conductors as ordinarily constructed rings of porcelain
or other imperfect conductors of heat are inserted between the ends of the
handle and the tea pot or other vessel or between the part of the handle
which it is wished to protect from heat and the other part to which it is
joined. In order to furnish the means of joining the handle and the vessel
by soldering, disks of Brittannia metal on either side of each ring are
employed, the said disks being formed by casting and connected together
by a neck passing through the ring. As by this arrangement the metallic
continuity of the handle is not wholly broken the transmission of heat
to the handle is imperfectly prevented. By my Invention the metallic
continuity between the handle and the vessel is effectually interrupted

page_text: and the communication of heat from the vessel to the handle wholly or
nearly prevented.
In constructing the said non-conductors according to my Invention I
take the ordinary ring of porcelain or other non-metallic substance and
place it upon a peg or cylinder of wood, the said peg being of such a
size that the ring fits loosely upon it. The said peg with the ring upon
it is put into a mould, and disks of Brittannia metal are cast upon the
peg on either side the ring. To these disks of Brittannia metal the
handle and vessel are attached by soldering in the usual manner. As
the metal of the vessel and that of the handle are separated by the
porcelain or other non-metallic ring and the peg of wood, there is a
complete metallic insulation of the vessel from the handle. In order to
effectually fix the disks of Brittannia metal upon the peg it is made of
smaller diameter at the parts where the disks are cast on it, and holes
are drilled through the contracted parts, into which holes the Brittannia
metal runs. By these means the disks of Brittannia metal are effectually
fixed.
Non-conductors made according to my Invention are applicable to
the handles of tea pots, coffee pots, and other vessels, to the knobs and
feet of vessels, and to other like purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clarke and Albert Kay
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 16th April 1868.
We, JOHN CLARKE, of Elton, in the County of Lancaster, Joiner,
and ALBERT KAY, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the lifting or drawing the paper from
off the endless wire belt after it has passed through the couching rollers,
and delivering it on to the wet felt roller. We accomplish this by
placing a box in front of the bottom couch roller at a convenient
distance; in this box we place a thoroughfare, and attach pipes to the
box leading to fans or to the chimney, or any other convenient place,
so as to create a vacuum or draught in the box which acts on the paper
through the thoroughfare, and lifts or draws the paper from the endless
wire belt and delivers it on to the wet felt roller, which takes it forward
to the drying cylinders. We regulate the amount of vacuum or draught
by means of a valve placed in the pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND FIRE-BARS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ambrose Beard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1868.
I, AMBROSE BEARD, of Alyn Vale, Gwersyllt, in the County of
Denbigh, North Wales, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND FIRE-BARS," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists of improved apparatus for obtaining a rocking
motion of the fire-bars of furnaces for the purpose of breaking the
clinker. With this view I form two rocking bars of a toothed or dentated
form, the tooth upon one bar forming the rest for one end of the fire-bar,
and the space between the teeth upon the other rocking bar forming the
rest for the other end of the bar; thus each fire-bar rests at one of
its ends upon a tooth, and at the opposite end upon one of the spaces,
forming for each bar a high and low centre; the ends of the fire-bars are
forked to sit freely upon the rocking edges upon which they rest, and
also to prevent their slipping from such edges, one end of each bar being
made considerably deeper than the other. I also provide distance bara

page_text: to maintain the fire-bars in their lateral position. By this arrangement
it follows that upon moving one of the rocking bars by a lever a
reciprocating motion in a partly vertical partly horizontal direction is
obtained, one end of each bar being up and the other end down in
alternation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Stephen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
June 1868.
I, ANDREW STEPHEN, of the Middlesex Hospital, Doctor of Medicine,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of apparatus for
ventilating buildings and other structures, such as, for example, ships
and railway carriages, and consists essentially in the use for that purpose
of a slide somewhat similar to a drawer, but surrounded on all sides
with perforated metal, wire gauze, or other suitable material, whilst
the front of the said slide is solid or non-perforated; this slide, which
may be of any shape, is made to fit easily into a corresponding opening
or frame made or fitted in the wall of the apartment to be ventilated,
and the slide is drawn out more or less, so as to expose more or less of
the perforated surface according to the degree of ventilation required;
these slides which when closed are flush, or nearly so, with the face of

page_text: the wall are intended to be situate at convenient or suitable intervals
near the floor of the apartment for the admission of air, which is dispersed
upwards and laterally, but cannot rush directly forward into the interior
of the apartment by reason of the obstruction presented by the front end
of the slide. The foul air is allowed to pass off through any convenient
outlets provided with regulating valves or dampers and situate near the
ceiling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS OR TALLOW FEEDERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dickson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
March 1868.
I, JAMES DICKSON, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Mill Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS OR TALLOW FEEDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to the cylinders of steam engines.
It consists in the use of a cup having two or more perforations
opening into an equal number of pipes or tubes which communicate
with the inside of the cylinder. The cup is supplied with tallow or
other lubricating material from a reservoir. Between the cup and
the reservoir are two compactly fitting rings which are kept in close
contact with the cup and reservoir respectively by means of a spring.
introduced between them. The reservoir has perforations to correspond.
with those in the cup, and the tallow is conveyed from it to the cup.
by means of a small tube penetrating the two rings.. There is also
a stop pipe which communicates directly between the reservoir and
the inside of the cylinder for charging the cylinder with tallow when
priming makes it necessary, i. e. when the piston becomes clogged

page_text: with dirt. The cup and reservoir are stationary, and the rings are
caused to revolve between them, so that when the small tube which
penetrates them comes opposite to a perforation in the reservoir it receives
a supply of tallow which, when the tube arrives opposite to a perforation
in the cup, passes through it into one of the pipes or tubes com-
municating with the inside of the cylinder and is thence discharged
into the cylinder.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND COMPOSITION FOR REMOVING INK AND COLOURS FROM PAPER, AND DIRT FROM RAGS AND OTHER PAPER STOCK
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Septimus Macrae
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th May 1868.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
A. Veazie, of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, one of the
United States of America..
I, ALEXANDER SEPTIMUS MACRAE, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Produce Broker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND COMPOSITION FOR REMOVING INK
AND COLOURS FROM PAPER, AND DIRT FROM RAGS AND OTHER PAPER STOCK," to
be as follows, (a communication from abroad by Joseph A. Veazie,.
of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, one of the United States of
America):-
This Invention consists of an improved process of and composition for
extracting ink and colors from printed paper, which operation at the
same time reduces it to a pulp suitable for use in the manufacture of
white paper. The said process and composition are also applicable for.
cleaning rags and other paper stock.
The following is the manner in which the Invention is carried into
effect A sanonaceous composition is first made by dissolving twelve

page_text: pounds of potash or an equivalent of other fixed alkali in sufficient
boiling water; to this fourteen pounds of rendered tallow or an equi-
valent of other fats or oils are added. This mixture is boiled three
hours and then poured into a suitable vessel, and while cooling twenty-
five gallons of soft water are added; the water is added gradually and the
mass constantly stirred until cool, in which state it is of a brownish-
colour and of the consistency of a stiff jelly. The above proportions
may be varied without departing from the spirit of my Invention. The
printed or colored paper to be cleaned is placed in an open or closed
vessel with sufficient soft water to cover it and allow of its being freely
worked. When the mass has boiled thirty minutes and is boiling add
for every hundred gallons of water five gallons of the saponaceous com-
position above described, stirring and heating the paper as much as
possible so as to reduce it to a pulp. The ink and colouring matter will
soon begin to rise in a scum at the top of the water, which should be
allowed to flow off through a spout or faucet fixed for the purpose. As
soon as the ink or colouring matter seems to rise the water must be
drawn off from near the bottom of the vessel, clean boiling water being
at the same time allowed to enter at the top, the passage of the water
through the pulp serving to thorougly rince it. After boiling and stirring
for a few minutes the pulp may be removed, when it will be found in a
clean and white state suitable to be again used in the manufacture of
white paper.
In all cases the pulp should be finally beaten and washed
in clean water. The cleaning of rags and other paper stock is effected
by the treatment above set forth for paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Langan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the .9th
June 1868..
I, WILLIAM LANGAN, of Birmingham; in the County of Warwick,
Boiler Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
My Invention refers to the construction of a self-feeding and steam-
generating hollow bridge for steam boilers of any description made so
as to fit within the fire-box and of suitable depth, and it is furnished'
with a number of longitudinal open fire tubes through the depth or
thickness of the bridge for the passage of the fire; the bridge is fed
with water from the bottom and also from the top of the boiler by
means of inlet pipes, and the generated steam is conveyed by means of
an outlet pipe passing from near the top of the bridge. A. bridge thus
constructed will greatly economise the fuel used, and also cause the
generation of steam in much less time than by the usual. construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WINDOW AND OTHER CORNICES, POLES, AND RODS FOR INTERNAL OR HOUSE DECORATIONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Moore, Thomas Moore,
and George Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 11th August 1868.
We, HENRY MOORE, THOMAS MOORE, and GEORGE MOORE, trading as
Moore Brothers, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brassfounders, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WINDOW AND OTHER CORNICES, POLES,
AND RODS FOR INTERNAL OR HOUSE DECORATIONS," to be as follows (that is to
say) :-
Our improvements consist in constructing cornices of thin parts or
pieces of porcelain or earthenware, the same being moulded with smooth
surfaces or by suitable designs in relief and finished by painting or
otherwise transmitting colour or design to them protected by glazing
or other suitable means. China tablets or parts thus formed we purpose
securing to a wood back, to or in connection with which the rods for
sustaining the drapery may be secured. In cases where poles are
preferred for receiving large rings for sustaining the drapery the said
poles may be formed of china or porcelain, or other plastic clays, in a

page_text: tube or semi-tubular form secured by a wood or metal rod inserted
within them, and which wood or metal internal support may be screwed
for receiving the end ornaments which may be screwed on the same.
And this mode of producing an enduring and economic cornice or rail,
or both combined, we purpose adapting for the cornices of rooms by
fixing a wood ground to which the china may be conveniently and
readily screwed, taking care that the breaks and angles be nicely mitred,
which we purpose doing for convenience by making the internal and
external mitres or bands while the clay is in a plastic state. The
moulding thus formed may be of such a shape as to permit hooks resting
and working on the lower member for sustaining pictures, or an addi-
tional rod may be used of iron or wood over which lengths of china or
earthenware may be placed, the joints being obscured by metal clips
which screw to a wood base or plugs driven in the wall; and these
same improvements may be extended in a modified form to furniture and
other decorations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING AND FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1868.
I, JOHN SMITH, of Cheetham, in the City of Manchester, Bleacher,
Dyer, and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING AND FINISHING
WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in finishing woven fabrics by passing them
over and under a series of rollers covered with card fillets, or emery,
or any other rough substance; or perforated metallic rollers may be
used. This coating or covering the rollers with card fillet or other
rough surface is for the purpose of causing the fabric to adhere to the
rollers, whilst an end to-and-fro motion is given to them by eccentrics
on a side shaft or otherwise, thereby causing the rollers to give an
elastic finish to the fabric as it is carried through the machine by
drawing rollers. The rollers may be supported in side beams to which
a lateral to-and-fro motion is given by cranks or otherwise so as to
impart a vibrating motion to the fabric in addition to the lateral motion.

page_text: This finish is known to the trade by the name of the Patent Victoria
elastic finish.
Another part of my Invention consists in stretching woven fabrics by
causing them to pass over rollers on which spiral strips of card fillet or
other rough surface are wound in contrary directions, the strips of fillet
or other rough surface converging outwards from the centre; or the strips
of card fillet may be fixed to the ordinary stretching rollers with lateral
slides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMITHS' BELLOWS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
December 1808.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SMITHS' BELLOWS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
the metal fittings and parts belonging to the pipes of smiths' bellows, so
as to make the pipe and its parts capable of being casily enclosed within
the body of the bellows by a sliding or telescopic action for convenience
of packing. This is effected by securing a pair of guide rods in a
horizontal position in the body of the bellows from front to back, the
forward ends of which are attached to an annular collar forming part of the
body, the other ends of the guide rods being secured to the bottom of
the bellows, the larger end of the pipe is formed with a suitable flange
or collar and slides upon the pair of guide rods through the annular

page_text: collar into the body of the bellows; when the pipe is required to be fixed
in position it is drawn out upon the guide rods and secured by screws or
bolts passing through the annular collar and the flange or collar of the
pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON YARNS OR FABRICS INTENDED TO BE DYED WITH MADDER OR A PREPARATION OF MADDER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ellis Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th February 1868.
I, ROBERT ELLIS GREEN, of Church, near Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON YARNS OR FABRICS INTENDED TO
BE DYED WITH MADDER OR A PREPARATION OF MADDER," to be as follows:-
The cotton is first saturated with a sufficient quantity of oil or a
preparation of oil, as if intended for the usual mode of preparing it for
the Turkey red process; it is then submitted to the action of steam or
superheated steam in a vessel or chamber, after which it is washed
with soap or alkali in the usual manner before applying the usual
mordant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF TIMBER BEARERS FOR ROOFS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Griffiths at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1868.
I, DAVID GRIFFITHS, of No. 18, Chapel Street, Bradford, Yorkshire,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE FORMATION OF TIMBER BEARERS FOR ROOFS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in cutting or removing the needless wood at
certain angles from the extremities of a timber bearer and placing the
same in a central position to sustain the chief pressure. This bearer
augments the original bearing power of any beam about one-half by
an inexpensive manufacture which requires no skilled labour, makes no
addition of wood nor any increase of bulk, and gives to any ordinary
beam of wood new power to sustain perpendicular pressure by adding
to its resisting substance and by depositing part of the perpendicular
pressure horizontally, and thus utilizing the entire bearing recourses of
the timber. It will economise the materials and labor in roofs to its
highest degree when used, as it can be, to support and shape the roof
entirely with no addition of wood except laths, but it can also be

page_text: employed to great. advantage as the chief support to the trussing in
roofs of higher pitch than this self-strengthening bearer alone will
form.
This Invention includes any beam, joist, rafter, or any wooden support
placed horizontally to resist perpendicular pressure in roofs, floors, or
any other heavy weights that has when in position for service an
angular upper surface, whether the bearer forms such angle from its
own wood, or by addition of wood, or by sawing out of the solid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNOTTERS' FOR STRAINING PAPER PULP
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Kerr Miller, Abraham
Burbery Herbert, and Henry Watson at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th May 1868.
We, RICHARD KERR MILLER and ABRAHAM BURBERY HERBERT, of
Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, and HENRY
WATSON; of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KNOTTERS' FOR STRAINING PAPER PULP," to be as follows, that is to say :-
As hitherto constructed the means employed for straining paper pulp,
and known by the name of "knotters," have been made of brass, gun
metal, or of some other metallic material which is acted upon. and
corroded by the matter composing the pulp, and therefore soon becomes
deteriorated, at the same by being composed of such material the cost
of their production is great.
This Invention then relates to the construction of "knotter" bottoms
of a material whereby they can be moulded into shape at a cheap

page_text: cost, at the same time the material is not acted upon by the matter
composing the pulp, as in the case of metals. The material employed
is vulcanite, the recesses and ribs being formed in moulds, after which
the thin slits or openings at the bottom of each recess are cut through.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Alfred Henry Dean
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th May 1868.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Marshall, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, GEORGE ALFRED HENRY DEAN, trading under the Style or Firm
of Dean and Son, of Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, Stationer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN ENVELOPES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of the Invention communicated to me is to facilitate the
opening of closed envelopes of letters, dispatches, and other like missives
after the same have been received by the persons to whom they have
been addressed, or otherwise when desired to open the same, and render
the fracture clear and less unsightly than at present..

page_text: The Invention consists in perforating the fly flap of envelopes from
side to side with a row of holes above the part where the gum or seal
is usually applied; these perforations may be continued along the
edges of the two sides of the lower part of the flap so as to form one
figure, which may vary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Culpin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1868.
I, THOMAS CULPIN, of Reading, in the County of Berks, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The first part of the Invention has relation to that part of reaping
and mowing machines commonly called the beam. This is usually made
of a solid bar of iron or steel with a series of projecting fingers fixed to
the flat side thereof by means of bolts or rivets. In my Invention the
beam is composed of two plates of steel fixed a given distance apart,
thereby forming a trussed beam, giving greater rigidity with a given
quantity of material. This form of beam also gives greater facility for
fixing the fingers, which are made of sufficient length to pass through
the space between the steel plates, and are fixed in their position by a
nut, the end of each finger being screwed for that purpose.
The second part of the Invention relates to the cutting parts of
These
reaping and mowing machines, and the mode of fixing the same.
parts are first a series of steel knives or sections fixed to a steel bar or

page_text: bush. Commonly these sections or knives are rivetted or bolted to a
plain bar, but in my Invention the bar or bush is furnished with a groove,
and each section is furnished with a projection or web fitting accurately
into the groove of the bar and screwed by a single screw. Secondly,
a series of steel cutting plates corresponding in number to the said
knives or sections. One of them is fitted to each finger so as to be
securely fixed in its position by the tightening of the nut upon the
end of such finger.
The advantages of these arrangements are great facility in fixing and
removing the various parts, the maintenance of two cutting edges in
place of one, as in ordinary machines, and the combination of strength
and lightness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caroline Garcin and Amelie
Garcin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd January 1868.
We, CAROLINE GARCIN and AMELIE GARCIN, both of Colmar, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain means of, driving sewing machines,
and is chiefly applicable to the class of machines designed for family
use, the object being to give to sewing machines a self-contained motive
power that will maintain them in action for a considerable time. To
this end we arrange in a suitable frame a group or series of spring
barrels which are mounted on arbors and are geared together so that
the turning of one barrel will cause the winding up of all the others.
The first or winding-up barrel is mounted on an arbor capable of being
rotated, and the others upon fixed arbors. Fitted to the arbor of the
winding-up barrel is a winch handle for turning it, and a ratchet and
click are provided for securing the position of the arbor against the back
pressure of the springs when coiled in their respective barrels. The spur
teeth on the last of the series of barrels gears with a pinion mounted
on an arbor that carries a second or driving pinion for transmitting

page_text: motion to the sewing machine. The frame with its spring barrels is
mounted vertically under the table of the machine and at the end
thereof. The driving pinion may conveniently gear with a spur wheel
on the fly wheel shaft of the sewing machine, and in connection with
the fly wheel or some equivalent part of the driving gear is a brake for
arresting the motion of the machine and maintaining it at rest during
the pleasure of the operator. A convenient form of brake will be a rock
lever working on a stiff joint and carrying at one end a button or stop
within easy access of the arm or hand of the operator while guiding
the work and at the other a friction pad or block. By simply pressing
on the stop or button the lever will be rocked and the friction block or
brake applied, thus retarding or stopping the machine as required. The
removal of the brake may be effected by raising the stop or button by
the finger.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOOK AND. EYE. FOR FASTENING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF WINDOW BLIND CORDS AND CORDS FOR HANGING PICTURES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Askew at the Office of
the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1868..
P, JOHN ASKEW, of 27, Charles Street, Hampstead Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOOK AND. EYE. FOR
FASTENING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF WINDOW BLIND CORDS AND CORDS FOR HANGING
PICTURES," to be as follows:-
The hooks and eyes are made of sheet metal or tubing with barrels
attached in which the ends of the cord are inserted. The ends of the
cord are firstly sewn firmly together and then one end is inserted into
the barrel of the hook, and the other end into the barrel of the eye;
each end of the cord is then sewn through and through two holes.
provided for that purpose in each hook and each eye so as to keep them.
firmly on the cords, and the ends of the cords when in use are joined
together by the hook and eye.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS POR SECURING WATCHES, PURSES, OR OTHER VALUABLES WHEN WORN OR CARRIED IN POCKETS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Milton Lewis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1868.
I, JOHN MILTON LEWIS, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS POR SECURING WATCHES, PURSES, OR OTHER VALUABLES WHEN WORN
OR CARRIED IN POCKETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a small double-pointed flexible fastener
which is passed through the lining of the pocket in which it is used,
and the two points are then separated and pressed down, which operation
secures the apparatus to the person. The above-mentioned fastener
is fitted on the inside with a small moveable spring clip of wire or
other suitable material, on to which a watch or purse or other articles
may be hooked. It is so constructed that it allows of the article being
easily hooked on to it but not detached without carefully removing
it through the opening of the spring clip.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOAT VALVES FOR THE ADMISSION OF HOT AND COLD WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS INTO AND OUT OF CISTERNS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Cowan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1868.
I, DAVID COWAN, of 115, Long Acre, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FLOAT VALVES FOR THE ADMISSION OF HOT AND COLD WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
INTO AND OUT OF CISTERNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
valves for the admission of fluids into and out of cisterns, being very
simple, more compact in form and more complete in action than any-
thing of the kind heretofore. It is constructed of two parts, a float,
which is an air-tight vessel that may be made of any kind of thin metal
and circular in shape, or any other form, with a dome-shaped cover, and
having a central opening up to the cover large enough to pass over
the valve, leaving an extra space all round. The other part consists
of a valve of an egg shape with a central spindle, upon which is a
button or clack to close upon the valve seat; this button rests in a cup
underneath, through which the spindle moves freely in a vertical position;

page_text: the button is thus protected from the inward action of the fluid through
the valve. The valve has also another larger cup on the top in an
inverted position, and nearly of the same diameter as the central opening
in the float. These two cups are essential points of this Invention,
completely protecting the float and clack from the force or current of
the incoming fluid through the valve till the cistern is within an inch
of being full, when the float being lifted a little moves the clack from
the cup almost directly closes up against the seat, and shuts off the
inlet, thus allowing a full and uninterrupted flow of the entire capacity
of the inlet till the cistern is full; thus prepared, the valve is screwed
tight upon or into the induction pipe, the float is then put over it, the
top of the valve spindle passing through the dome top of the float
and secured by a nut or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE DOORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Mittonnette at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1868.
I, FREDERICK MITTONNETTE, of Decpfields, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE DOORS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in constructing furnace doors in such
manner that they shall contain a series of chambers through which the air
admitted to the top of the fire shall pass and thus become warmed before
reaching the fire, producing combustion of the smoke. The door consists
of a box closed top and bottom and at the sides, but left partially open.
at the top of the back and fitted with a small flap at the lower end of
the front. Internally are arranged vertically a series of box plates
between which the air admitted through the flap in front has to pass
before it can issue over the top of the back of the box. In large doors
these plates are formed open alternately top and bottom so that the
air passes over one plate and under another.
A NEW: OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING. POINTS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tate at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June-
1868..
I, JAMES TATE, of Bermondsey; in the County of Surrey, Machine.
Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW:
OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING. POINTS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore the points for railways have been made at great expense-
and trouble from ordinary rails, either by cutting them down while hot
or by planing them with a machine.. Now my Invention consists in
casting the points in. moulds, and which may be made of any shape
most preferred. In this way the points are cast ready for use.. The
metal I prefer to employ is steel or maleable cast iron..
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BAGS OF PAPER, LINEN, OR OTHER FLEXIBLE MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Booth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May
1868.
I, JAMES BOOTH, of the Firm of Martin, Billing, Son, and Company,
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Printers and Stationers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENINGS FOR BAGS OF PAPER, LINEN, OR OTHER FLEXIBLE MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after explained
in fastenings for bags of paper, linen, or other flexible materials, the
said improvements having for their object the fastening of the said
bags more rapidly and economically than can be effected by the use
of string.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a paper bag of the
kind called a square bottomed bag. After the bag has been made, but
before the triangular flaps at the bottom are pasted down on the said
bottom, I insert a ring of india-rubber, (by preference vulcanized, under
the angle or point of one of the said flaps in such a way that the
point of the said flap passes through the ring, and I then paste the

page_text: said flap down in the ordinary way. The ring of india-rubber is thus
secured to the bottom of the bag very near to its middle, and after
the bag has been filled and its mouth closed by turning down its top
the ring of india-rubber can be readily stretched and passed over the
top of the closed bag. The mouth of the bag is thus fastened down
more rapidly and economically than by the ordinary method of tying with
string. Instead of one india-rubber ring two of the said rings may
be employed and made to cross the closed bag at right angles.
In applying my Invention to flat bags a portion of one of the over-
lapping edges, which are pasted together at the bottom of the bag, is
passed through the india-rubber ring before the said edges are pasted
together.
Instead of securing a ring of india-rubber to the bottom of the bag
as described, a narrow strip or band of india-rubber may be secured
under the flap or edge of the bag or passed through a hole made in
the said flap or edge, and the loose ends of the strip or band after-
wards tied or connected together by a metallio connection so as thereby
to form a ring.
Although I prefer to attach the ring or rings to the bottom of the
bag yet the said ring or rings may be attached to the top or side of
the bag with nearly the same effect.
My Invention is applicable to all kinds of bags, but especially to
such as are used by grocers and others for wrapping up sugar and
other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC- TURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Hall at the Oce
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
May 1868.
I, SYDNEY HALL, of Swansea, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of tho said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows: -
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of artificial fuel. Artificial fuel is sometimes produced by feeding the
fuel composition into a tube or passage in which a reciprocating
plunger works. Each time that the plunger retires the space which
it leaves empty is filled with composition which is consolidated by the
plunger when it next advances, the resistance which the material
offers to being driven forward through the tube or passage being
sufficient to cause the required consolidation. Each advance of the
plunger also pushes a given length of the consolidated material out
of the open end of the tube or passage, and the fuel is in this way
discharged from the machine in a moulded form. When artificial fuel
is made in this way however there is difficulty in dividing it up into
separate blocks of uniform size. This according to my Invention I

page_text: accomplish by covering the face of the plunger with numerous
thicknesses or sheets of paper, thin plates of metal, or it may be of
other suitable material, so that at each stroke of the plunger the
sheet or plate which is in contact with the material may adhere to
it and be left behind when the plunger returns; the sheet or plate
so left then forms a separation between the already moulded material
and the next charge which is introduced into the moulding tube or
passage.
I prefer to operate as follows:-I secure to the face of the plunger
a metal plate having projecting studs upon it; the sheets of paper, 1
thin sheets of metal, or other material, are carefully perforated to
correspond with these studs, and a number of sheets or plates are
placed on the studs one over the other to the thickness which the
projection of the studs will admit.
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) GLOVE OR APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING SWIMMING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Douglas Morgan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd August 1868.
I, RICHARD DOUGLAS MORGAN, Civil Engineer, of Tyn-y-coed, Rhyl,
in the County of Flint, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW (OR IMPROVED) GLOVE OR APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING SWIMMING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a glove or apparatus for
facilitating swimming by providing webs between all the fingers and
between the first finger and thumb. This web presents nearly a
flat surface with the palm of the hand when the hand is open and all
the fingers and the thumb as far apart as possible, but the web folds
up when the fingers close again, so that the swimmer has only to use
his hand similarly to the foot of a waterfowl's webbed feet, and he
will find that he will go at an increased rate with less exertion, and
persons who cannot swim by the use of these gloves will be materially

page_text: prevented from sinking so long as they struggle. The material for the
web may be of various kinds of fabric, but silk answers_the_purpose
and occupies little space. If thought desirable the apparatus might be
applied to the foot.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHUTTLES' TO BE EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brindle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
February 1868.
I, HENRY BRINDLE, of Leyland, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHUTTLES' TO BE EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of causing the stoppage of
the loom when the weft "floats" and produces imperfect weaving,
which is to be effected by an application of mechanism to the shuttle
whereby the weft is broken when it "floats" and the loom is stopped
by the ordinary "weft fork" apparatus.
The improvements consist in attaching or applying to the shuttle a
long curved or bent wire extending from the part of the shuttle at the
base of the "cop" skewer to the point of the "cop skewer," a "swell"

page_text: or curve being formed about the middle of the wire which rises above
the shuttle, and is consequently depressed by the warp when the weft
floats, and such depression of the wire breaks or severs the weft at
the point of the skewer and so stops the loom.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR CONNECTING PIPES, TUBES, COCKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTIOLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dunn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1868.
I, WILLIAM DUNN, of 3, Hope Terrace, Newington Green, late of
Little Cross Street, Islington, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR CONNECTING PIPES,
TUBES, COCKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTIOLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this my Invention is to dispense with soldering in the
connecting of cocks, unions, flanges or T's to metal or other pipes,
and also with the usual fastenings in connecting flexible tubes and
hoses.
I will give an example of the method I employ to carry my Invention
into practical operation:-In connecting two pipes I first fasten at
the end of one pipe a boss of any suitable metal and of any desired
shape applicable to the purpose. This boss is provided on its exterior
with a screw thread, and has under one modification a projecting nose
at the fore end; I then take a nut tapped with a thread to fit the thread
of the aforesaid boss and pass such nut over the end of the pipe to be
connected; I then bulge the end of this pipe so that it may be passed

page_text: and fit over the projecting nose of the boss; I then screw the nut over
or upon the boss, and the pipes are securely connected together.
I have described my Invention with respect to the joining of two pipes,
but it will be evident that the same equally applies to the connecting
of taps, T's, and other joints as to the connecting of pipes. Other forms
for the fore end of the boss besides the nose form can be used if
desired.
The above is an illustration of the method I prefer to employ to carry
my Invention into effect, but although I have explained it in the way
described, still I can modify the details without departing from the
principle of my Invention.