Use in Ceramic Facings.
Year: 1884

page_text: Use in Ceramic Facings.
I, ERNEST DE PASS, of 68 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of the
Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
A METHOD OF PREPARING TILES, SLABS OR FLAGS IN PANEL FORM, FOR USE IN
CERAMIC FACINGS communicated to me from abroad by La Société Hto Boulenger
et Compagnie, of 1 Boulevard Saint-Denis, Paris, France, Manufacturers, to be as
follows:-
Heretofore, facings in ceramic tiles, slabs or flags have been effected by placing
each tile or slab individually on the wall and by fixing them one against the other
It was then necessary
so as to obtain, as far as possible, a plane or even surface.
to adjust them, to apply more or less plaster, and to imbed them more or less in the
plaster; indeed it was always a long and relatively costly operation. Added to
this, the tiles, slabs or flags thus placed, did not always hold well against the faced
surface and they sometimes became detached, fell out and broke.
Now the object of the present invention is to remedy these evils, and it relates
to a method of preparing tiles, slabs or flags, in panel form, for use in ceramic
facings, and which panels by being put together or assembled before hand, as
hereinafter stated, may be rapidly and economically fixed.
According to this invention the tiles, slabs or flags are placed, one at the side of
the other, on a perfectly plane surface, with their enamelled or glazed face laid
on the plane surface, which may be marble. A quadrangular, or other suitably
shaped framing of the size of the panel to be obtained is then filled with these
tiles or slabs. When the tiles or slabs properly occupy their regular place one
against the other, they are then covered over with a bed of some textile material,
such as tow, hemp, or flax, after, however, the underside of the tile has been
wetted so as to allow the plaster to take well on the surface which, moreover,
is porous and striated. This dampening is rarely executable in the old process of
laying which was not one of the least causes of defectiveness in the work.
Over this bed of tow, etc. a wire netting is placed, around which a kind of
framing, composed of four square iron bars, is arranged.
o

page_text: The whole is then covered over with another bed of tow, hemp, etc. dipped in
tempered plaster, and finally a bed of plaster is run over the whole so as to form a
compact body of a total thickness of, say, 1 centimetre. The surface of the plaster
bed is then levelled and striated so as to allow, later on, of adherence to the wall.
When the plaster has well set the framing is removed thereby liberating the
panel, which is then turned over so as to bring the enamelled or glazed face of the
tiles or slabs upwards. The surface is then cleaned with a wet sponge and
the joints of the tiles or slabs are dressed or finished with fine plaster run into
them, after which the entire surface of the panel is finally cleaned, and the panel is
ready for delivery.
Tiles of all shapes and sizes may be used, also flat as well as curved or bent
panels of all forms, or contours, and they may be decorated or ornamented in the
flat as well as a relief, and in all colours.
This method of preparing panels is applicable indifferently to slabs or tiles of
glazed earthenware, porcelain, marble, glass, all kinds of stones, etc. and for the
purpose of assembling or putting them together all mortars, plasters, cements,
limes, or other agglutinants or adhesive materials, whatsoever, may be used.
Dated this 24th day of November 1884

page_text: A Method of Preparing Tiles, Slabs, or Flags in Panel Form, for
Use in Ceramic Facings.
I, ERNEST DE PASS, of 68. Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of the
Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for
A. METHOD OF PREPARING TILES, SLABS OR FLAGS IN PANEL FORM, FOR USE IN
CERAMIC FACINGS communicated to me from abroad by La Société Hte Boulenger
et Compagnie of 1, Boulevard Saint-Denis, Paris France, Manufacturers, and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement reference being had to the accom-
panying drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon as communicated
to me by foreign correspondents, that is to say :-
Heretofore facings in ceramic tiles, slabs or flags have been effected by placing
each tile, slab or flag individually on the wall, and by fixing them, one against the
other, so as to obtain, as far as possible, a plane or even surface. It was then
necessary to adjust them, to apply more or less plaster and to more or less embed
them in the plaster; indeed it was always a long and relatively costly operation.
Added to this, the tiles slabs or flags thus placed, did not always hold well against
the faced surface and they sometimes became detached, fell out and broke.
Now this Invention has for its object to remedy these evils, and it relates to a
method of preparing such tiles, slabs or flags in panel form for use in ceramic
facings and which panels by being put together or assembled before hand, as herein
after stated, may be rapidly and economically fixed.
According to this invention the tiles, slabs or flags b, b, of any desired forms and
sizes, such for instance as those shewn on enlarged scale in figs. 11 and 12, are
placed at the side of or against the other on a perfectly level or plane surface a,
figs. 1. 3. 5 & 7, with their enamelled or glazed face laid on this level or plane
surface which, for this purpose, may be marble. A quadrangular or other suitably
shaped framing c, of the size of the panel to be obtained, is then filled with these
tiles, slabs or flags. When the tiles, slabs or flags b, properly occupy their regular
place one against the other, they are then covered over with a bed of some textile
material, such as tow, hemp, or flax d, figs. 3 and 4, after however the underside
of the tiles has been wetted so as to allow the plaster to take well on this surface
which is, moreover, porous and striated. This dampening is rarely executable in
the old process of laying which was not one of the least causes of defectiveness in
the work.
Over this bed of tow &c, d, a wire netting f, figs. 5 and 6, is placed around which
a kind of framing g, composed of four square iron bars is arranged.
The whole is then covered over with another bed of tow, hemp &c h, dipped in
tempered plaster figs. 7 and 8, and finally a bed of plaster i, is run over the whole so
as to form a compact body of a total thickness of say centimetre. The surface of
the plaster bed is then levelled and striated so as to allow, later on, of adherence
to the wall. The thicknesses shewn in the drawings are exaggerated so as to
better indicate the different beds corresponding to the several successive operations
described.

page_text: When the plaster has well set, the framing c, is removed thereby liberating the
panel, as shewn in figs. 9 and 10. The panel is then turned over so as to bring
the enamelled or glazed face of the tiles or slabs b upwards, and the surface is
then cleaned with a wet sponge. The joints of the tiles or slabs are then dressed
or finished with fine plaster run into them, after which the entire surface of the
panel is finally cleaned, and the panel is ready for delivery and use.
Tiles or slabs of all shapes and sizes may be used, also, as well as flat, curved or
bent panels of all forms or contours may be prepared and may be decorated or
ornamented in the flat as well as in relief, and in all colours.
This method of preparing panels is applicable indifferently to tiles slabs or flags
of glazed earthenware, porcelain, marble, glass, all kinds of stones &c. and that for
the purpose of assembling or putting them together all mortars, plasters, cements,
limes, or other agglutinants or adhesive materials whatsoever may be used.
Having now described the Invention and the method of carrying the same into
effect as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents, I claim
The herein described method of preparing tiles, slabs or flags in panel form for
use in ceramic facings, substantially as set forth, whereby the rapid and economical
fixing of such panels is obtained.