IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR MECHANISM FOR TREATING TEA, SUGAR, COFFEE, CHICORY, AND SUCH SUB- STANCES AS REQUIRE THE PROCESSES OF SEPARATION, REDUCTION OF SIZE, AND MIXING, OR ANY ONE OR TWO THEREOF
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Savage, of Eastcheap, in the City of London,
Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR
MECHANISM FOR TREATING TEA, SUGAR, COFFEE, CHICORY, AND SUCH SUB-
STANCES AS REQUIRE THE PROCESSES OF SEPARATION, REDUCTION OF SIZE, AND
MIXING, OR ANY ONE OR TWO THEREOF."
Sealed the 26th November 1855, and dated the 18th August 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Savage at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1855.
I, ALFRED SAVAGE, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR MECHANISM FOR TREATING TEA. SUGAR, COFFEE,
CHICORY, AND SUCH SUBSTANCES AS REQUIRE THE PROCESSES OF SEPARATION, REDUC-
TION OF SIZE, AND MIXING, OR ANY ONE OR TWO THEREOF," to be as follows:-
The effecting certain improvements, hereafter set forth, in the means
or mechanism for treating the substances above stated, which may be so
conjoined together as to form what may be termed one compact article,
thus saving space in grocers' and other shops employing such niechanism
or apparatus, and presenting other advantages.
These improvements consist of an apparatus for separating tea and
other substances, with an apparatus for reducing the size of part thereof,

page_text: commonly called "Savage's noiseless machine for sifting tea and cutting
the large leaves at the same time, combined with apparatus for mixing
such previously separated portions, for the purposes of facilitating separa-
tion, reduction of size, and mixing. Also, the combination of apparatus
for mixing tea with either of the before-mentioned apparatus used with-
out the other for the above-mentioned purposes. Also, the combination
of apparatus for supplying tea, coffee, and other substances with a
magnetized iron surface, for the purpose of separating iron therefrom.
Also, forming such connection between the exterior and interior of the
combined apparatus for separating tea and reducing the size of part
thereof, commonly termed Savage's noiseless machine for sifting tea and
cutting the large leaves at the same time, as will enable the user thereof to
allow a substance which obstructs motion to pass without removing such
obstructing substance out of the case which contains the said combined
apparatus, for the purpose of facilitating the use thereof. Also, the
combination of an external brush with a revolving sieve, the apertures of
which sieve are disposed either spirally or in circles, and are longest in
the transverse direction, for the purposes of sifting the substances above
stated without such sieve becoming clogged. Also, the placing of a revolv-
ing sieve in such manner that it may receive the contents of a vessel used
for roasting coffee and other substances without the necessity of previously
transferring the contents of such vessel into another vessel, for the
purpose of sifting with increased facility the contents of such vessel. Also,
the combination of an interior shaft having suitable projections thereon
with a rotating vessel for mixing tea. Also, the combination of a lever of
variable radius with a knife or knives affixed thereon, and any means of
moving the said lever by the action of the user's foot or feet, for the
purpose of chopping loaf sugar. Also, placing the contrivance employed
to communicate motion to mills, commonly termed steel or steeled mills,
used for grinding tea, sugar, coffee, and other substances on the bush or
bearing of such mills, & connecting such contrivance with the axis or
spindle of such mills in such manner that no eccentric force may be com-
municated to such mills, for the purpose of preventing unequal wearing of
the grinding parts of such mills. Also, forming the part which supports
the grinding parts of such mills and the standard which supports same of
one piece of material, for the purposes of reducing the cost and increasing
the stability thereof. Also, making those parts of such mills technically
termed cores and cases, of cast iron or other suitable material covered
with wrought iron, having the teeth by which the grinding is effected
formed therein, for the purposes of facilitating the construction and
diminishing the cost thereof. Also, making the grinding parts of mills

page_text: with flat or nearly flat surfaces, commonly termed plate mills, used for
grinding, in the form of segments or annuli, of wrought iron, affixed to
masses of cast iron or other suitable material, for the purposes of facili-
tating the construction and diminishing the cost thereof.
Although these improvements are to be conjoined together as aforesaid,
vet they will be useful when adopted in a separate form.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Savage in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th February 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
SAVAGE, of Eastcheap, in the City of London, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Alfred Savage, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred
Savage, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Alfred Savage, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR MECHANISM FOR TREATING TEA, SUGAR,
COFFEE, CHICORY, AND SUCH SUBSTANCES AS REQUIRE THE PROCESSES OF SEPARATION.
REDUCTION OF SIZE; AND MIXING, OR ANY ONE OR TWO THEREOF,"
upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Savage, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Savage, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement:→

page_text: (I.) The nature of my said Invention, which has been described by the
Provisional Specification, filed on application for the said Letters Patent,
I hereby particularly and specifically describe to consist in the various
improvements hereafter stated in known means or mechanism for the
purposes aforesaid (such improvements being capable of being conjoined
together, as hereafter set forth); hence I deem it unnecessary to do more
than name the means or mechanism hereby affected, and state the points
or particulars wherein the same is affected, which I proceed to do in
manner following, that is to say:-
These improvements, numbered No. 1 to No. 12, refer to-No. 1, the
combination of an apparatus for separating tea and other substances, and
reducing the size of part thereof, commonly called "Savage's noiseless
machine for sifting tea and cutting the large leaves at the same time,"
with apparatus for mixing such previously separated portions, thus facili-
tating separation, reduction of size, and mixing. No. 2, the combination
of apparatus for mixing tea with either of the before-mentioned apparatus
used without the other, for the purposes aforesaid. No. 3, the combina-
tion of a feed apparatus, for supplying tea, coffee, and other substances
with what I term a magnetised surface, for the purpose of separating iron
therefrom. No. 4, the forming such connection between the exterior and
interior of the combined apparatus for separating tea and reducing the
size of part thereof, commonly termed Savage's noiseless machine, as
aforesaid, as will enable the user thereof to allow a substance which ob-
structs its motion to pass without removing such obstructing substance out
of the case which contains the said combined apparatus, for the purpose
of facilitating the use thereof. No. 5, the placing a revolving sieve in
such manner that it may receive the contents of a vessel used for roasting
coffee and other substances without the necessity of previously receiving
the contents of such vessel into a basket or other receiver, and then
transferring it to the revolving sieve (as is usually done), for the purpose
of sifting the contents of such vessel with increased facility. No. 6, the
combination of an external brush with a revolving sieve, the apertures
of which sieve are disposed either spirally or in circles, and are longest in
the transverse direction, for the purpose of sifting the substances above
stated without such sieve becoming clogged. No. 7, the combination of
an interior shaft, having suitable projections thereon with a rotating
vessel, for the purpose of mixing teas. No. 8, the combination of a lever
of variable radius, with a knife or knives affixed thereon, and any means of
moving the said lever by the action of the user's foot or feet, for the
purpose of chopping loaf sugar. No. 9, the placing the contrivance used

page_text: to communicate-motion to mills, commonly termed steel or steeled mills,
used for grinding tea, sugar, coffee, and other substances on the bush or
bearing of such mills, and connecting such contrivance with the axis or
spindle of such mills in such manner that no eccentric force may be com-
municated to such mills, for the purpose of preventing unequal wearing of
the grinding parts thereof. No. 10, the forming the part which supports
the grinding parts of such mills and the standard or flange which supports
the said mills of one piece of material, for the purpose of reducing the
cost and increasing the stability thereof. No. 11, the making those parts
of such mills, technically termed cores and cases, of cast iron or other
suitable material covered with wrought iron, having the teeth by which
the grinding is effected formed therein, for the purposes of facilitating
the construction and diminishing the cost thereof. No. 12, the making
the grinding parts of mills with flat or nearly flat surfaces, commonly
termed plate mills, used for grinding, in the form of segments or annuli,
of wrought iron, affixed to masses of cast iron or other suitable material,
for the purposes of facilitating the construction and diminishing the cost
thereof.
It has been stated that all these improvements are capable of being
conjoined together, (and the manner in which they may be conjoined
is hereafter described), but it will be obvious that they will be found useful
in their separated state.
(II.) Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of
my said Invention, I now proceed to particularly describe and ascertain
in what manner the same is to be performed, as follows; that is to say, by
setting forth how each of the said improvements (No. 1 to No. 12) may be
performed or put in practice :-
As regards No. 1, I construct an improved case of wood or other suitable
material, which case is like the case of the machine now in public use,
termed Savage's noiseless. machine, as aforesaid, except that there is this
difference between the improved case and that hitherto used, viz., that it
is of greater height, so as to allow space for the mixing vessel to be sup-
ported and enclosed within it, and this mixing vessel (which I prefer to
make cylindrical in form, with projections inclined to its axis in its in-
terior, like the so called worm or spiral breakers of an ordinary coffee
roaster,) I place below the means or mechanism I employ for sifting and
cutting, such means or mechanism being the same as in Savage's noiseless
machine, aforesaid. And by this improved apparatus the substances are
sifted, cut, and then fall into the said mixing vessel, where the mixture
of such substances may be effected before being deposited in the d drawer

page_text: enclosed in the said case, as is usual in Savage's noiseless machine,
aforesaid.
As regards No. 2, the case which supports the various portions of the
aforesaid apparatus should be so formed, that the part of the case which
supports the apparatus for sifting, and the apparatus for comminuting the
substances operated on, may be lifted off or otherwise removed from that
other portion of the case which supports the mixing vessel, by which means
either part of the apparatus may be used separately.
As regards No. 3, I construct an inclined surface of suitable material,
such as iron or wood, having one or more magnets attached thereto, and by
means of a feeding roller, such as is usually adopted in mechanism for
regulating the rate at which substances are supplied to the machines
which operate on them, I cause the tea, coffee, and other substances to
pass over the said surface at such rate as will allow the magnet or mag-
nets to retain the iron mingled with the said substances, and I place the
said surface between the feeding roller and sieve or in other convenient
position in the aforesaid apparatus, termed Savage's noiseless machine,
as aforesaid.
As regards. No. 4, 1 cause one part, termed the tooth plate, of the usual
comminuting apparatus of Savage's noiseless machine, aforesaid, to recede
from the other acting part thereof, termed the roller, sufficiently to allow
the obstructing substances to pass, by using the tumbler or eccentric
commonly employed to move the tooth plates of the mills, termed bean
mills, making the axis of the said tumbler long enough to extend beyond
the case of the combined apparatus, so that its spring lever may be
actuated outside the case, the tumbler being placed behind the tooth
plate, as is common in bean mills.
As regards No. 5, I support the said revolving sieve beneath the roasting
vessel on brackets projecting from the external case of the machine,
termed Savage's noiseless machine, as aforesaid. I also place the drawer
of the said machine beneath the said revolving sieve, so that it may re-
ceive that portion of its contents which escapes through the meshes there-
of; and I connect the axis of the said roasting vessel with the axis of the
said revolving sieve by means of cranks thereon, and a rod connecting the
said cranks, so that the motion of one axis may be communicated to the
other..
As regards No. 6, aforesaid, I fix the said brush to the interior of the
case or framing of, but external to, the revolving sieve in the machine
termed Savage's noiseless machine, as aforesaid, nearly in the same
horizontal or vertical plane with the axis thereof, so that the meshes of
the said sieve may be swept (by the said brush) during its rotation.

page_text: As regards No. 7, aforesaid, I place the interior shaft on which pro-
jecting arms are affixed either concentric with or eccentric to the axis of
the said rotating vessel contained in the machine, termed Savage's
noiseless machine, as aforesaid, and cause its rotation either in the same
or in the reverse direction of the rotation of the vessel by means of toothed
wheels in the usual manner, and I sometimes prevent the rotation of the
said interior shaft by disconnecting the toothed wheels which compelled
its rotation, and temporarily attaching a lever or bar to that part of said
interior shaft which projects outside the said rotating vessel, and affixing
such lever or bar to the case or frame of the machine, termed Savage's
noiseless machine, aforesaid.
As regards No. 8, aforesaid, I affix a tray by bolts or other usual means,
which afford facilities for its removal when required on the top surface
of the case of the machine, termed Savage's noiseless machine, as afore-
said; and on the said tray I erect the supports of the lever of variable
radius, which lever is counterbalanced by a spring, so that it may oscillate
freely, as is usual, when a lever having a knife affixed to it is employed for
chopping loaf sugar; but I make the said lever in two parts, one part being
connected with the other by being received into a socket formed thereon
or otherwise, so that the acting length of the said lever may be increased
to facilitate the chopping of large masses, and I connect the said lever
with a treddle, or attach a cord and stirrup thereto, whereby the foot of
the user may communicate the required motion to it..
As regards No. 9, aforesaid, I connect the said pulley or other con-
trivance with the axes of such mills by an ordinary clutch.
As regards No. 10, aforesaid, I cast or forge, of iron or other suitable
material, the standard or other part which supports the mill in one piece
with the side plate or cheek thereof, generally casting the bush or bearing
in which the spindle of the mill revolves in its place, but this is not
essential; and I prepare the surface of the side plate by turning it in a
lathe or otherwise, to receive the external cone of the mill, which external
cone is bolted to the said side plate.
As regards Nos. 11 & 12, aforesaid, I cast taper rings or hoops of iron or
other suitable material, or flat discs thereof, and turn their surfaces if.
needful in a lathe, and on the surfaces so prepared I affix wrought-iron
hoops, or segments, or annuli, by screws or otherwise, in which hoops,
segments, or annuli, the furrows or teeth are formed by which the pro-
cess of grinding is effected, the said teeth being case-hardened in the usual
manner.
And I affix the standard of the said mill or mills on the top

page_text: surface, or to any part of the case of the machine, termed Savage's noise.
less machine, aforesaid, usually by bolts or other common means, which
will allow the facile removal of the same, so that the said mill or mills may
be retained with sufficient firmness during such time as it or they are re-
quired for grinding tea to the condition usually termed tea dust, or for the
grinding of such other substances as may be required; and I communicate
motion to the said mill or mills by a belt or strap passing from the surface
of one or more of the pulleys on the axes of the machine, termed Savage's
noiseless machine, as aforesaid, to a pulley or pulleys affixed to the axes of
such mill or mills, or by any other convenient method; but I avoid con-
necting such mill or mills used on the said surfaces permanently thereto,
because the said surface may conveniently be used to receive and support
the tray on which the lever of variable radius employed for chopping
Ioaf sugar is erected, or for supporting a beam and scales, and for various
other purposes required in the trade of a tea-dealer and grocer, and the
permanent connection of the said mills thereto would prevent such uses
thereof.
(III.) Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or
put in practice, I here remark that I do not limit my Invention to the
precise details of construction herein-before set forth, nor to the use of
particular materials, same being mentioned by way of preference only;
what I claim being, the Invention of the improvements in the means or
mechanism used for the purposes aforesaid, as I have set forth the.same
in the outset (I.) of this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Savage, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Signed and sealed in my presence,
F. W. CAMPIN, 156, Strand.
ALFRED, SAVAGE. (L.S.)