Year: 1884

page_text: I
I, EZRA LOFTS, of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Patentee and Manufacturer;
seek leave to amend the specification of Letters Patent, No. 7356 of 1884, as
shown in red ink in the copy of the original specification hereunto annexed:―
My reasons for making this amendment are as follows:-
.)
That I have been advised that the claims as they are at present worded are
liable to be construed as covering more than it was my intention to cover by
them and more than was new or useful at the date of the Patent.
J

page_text: I, EZRA LOFTS, of Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge, Patentee and
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE PLACES OR STOVES FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide a fire place or stove which will more
effectually consume the smoke than many of those at present in use, and at the
same time increase the heating capacity of the apparatus.
-
0
It consists in improvements in such fire-places or stoves as 'those in which a
combustion chamber is placed at the back of the grate or coal receptacle into which
the products of combustion pass through bars placed in the back of the grate, and
combustion is assisted by fresh air passing down a passage leading from above the
fire into the said combustion chamber. In such grates as these I find that there
are several defects which prevent their working satisfactorily.
In carrying out my improvements, I, retain more nearly the ordinary open fire
grate, open underneath, and the fuel resting on bars and without communication
between the ash hearth and the combustion chamber or flue except through the
bars in the bottom of the grate and the back of same.
Below the ash hearth
I form a chamber with or without flues passing through it opening into the com-
bustion chamber. The back wall of the combustion chamber I extend downwards
below the top of the ash hearth, and the passage into the flue is below this. This
combustion chamber and the air passage leading thereto may be of any convenient
or suitable shape, but what I prefer is circular or nearly so. To prevent a return
of the smoke that may pass upwards from the top of the fire, I form the roof
inclined upwards, all smoke that may rise thus passes to the highest point of the
inclined roof and down the air passage into the combustion chamber. The fore
edge of the roof extends down below the top of the air passage.
Though chiefly designed for what are known as open fire places, these
improvements are also applicable to stoves or hearths of several descriptions such
as are known as American Stoves, ranges, and by other names.
Dated this 6th day of May 1884.
41. C..
W P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
4
い

page_text: Improvements in Fire-places or Stoves for Domestic Purposes.
f '
>
EZRA LOFTS, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Patentee and Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES OR
STOVES FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES," and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
"
;
"
The object of this invention is to provide a fire place or stove which will more
effectually consume the smoke than many of those at present in use, and at the
same time increase the heating capacity of the apparatus.
"
ז'
J
It consists in improvements in such fire-places or stoves as those in which a
combustion chamber is placed at the back of the grate or coal receptacle!, into
which the products of combustion' pass through bars placed in the back of the
grate, and combustion is assisted by fresh air passing down a passage leading from
above the fire into the said combustion chamber.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:
→ 1
Figure 1, Front elevation of fire place made in accordance with my invention.
Figure 2, Sectional elevationton line ww Figure 1.
Γ
A
V
Figure 3 Sectional elevation on line ww Figure 1 showing alternate positions of
the damper and of the top.
" J
Figure 4 Sectional plan on line x x Figure 2.
Figure 5 Front elevation of kitchen fire place, with oven and boilers made in
accordance with my invention, t
. I
Figure 6 Sectional elevation on line y y Figure 5.
Figure 7 Sectional plan on line 3 z Figure 6
Figure 8 Plan.
k
f'
.>
A is the grate of the fire place for the reception of the fuel. It is open at the
top and fitted with bars a of ordinary construction in front. The bottom B of the
grate may be made of a perforated metal plate or grating such as is in general use,
or of fire brick with perforations or openings b for the admission of air into the fire
from beneath and for the ashes to fall through. C is a perforated plate forming
the back of the grate made of fire clay or metal The products of combustion
from the fuel pass through the perforations or spaces c in the plate C, into the
combustion chamber D'behind the grate. E is a plate forming the top or roof of
the fire place, inclined upwards towards the back. Any smoke or gas rising from
the top of the fire in the grate will ascend along this plate rising to the highest
point, and will then be drawn down by the current into the combustion chamber.
e is a front plate connecting with the plate E forming the front of the fire place.
F is another plate which for an ordinary fire place would take the position shown
in Figure 2 and be built up against or into the wall forming the chimney breast;
f plates placed at the sides of the fire place to abut against or be built into the wall.
When intended to be used more as a stove or to be set into a prepared opening
in the chimney without being built in, the plate may be placed as shown at F,
"
4.

page_text: Figure 3, and the plates f be dispensed with altogether. The combustion
chamber D is best placed directly behind or at the back of the grate A. A second
plate G or a prolongation of the plate c extends above the back of the grate, and
an opening or air passage g communicates with the combustion chamber and
through it a current of air passes into the chamber and impinges upon and mingles
with the products of combustion entering through the passage, and assists in the
more complete combustion of unconsumed or only partly consumed products. The
air entering through g is heated in its passage over the fire and by its contact with
the plate E thus being in a condition to more readily intermingle with the products
of combustion in the chamber. No air is permitted to enter the combustion
chamber except through the spaces c in the back plate C, or through the passage g
as I consider that the combustion is less complete in such fire places where air is
allowed to enter the combustion chamber at a point. between the fire and the flue.
E is the ash bearth or receptacle for ashes as they fall or are raked from the fire.
Below the ash hearth H is furnished a chamber or passage I into which the heated
gases from the combustion chamber are free to pass. This chamber is preferably
made of metal on its top, bottom, and sides which become heated as the products of
combustion play upon or against them, the heat therefrom, radiating out into the
room or compartment in which the fire place is constructed. This may be merely
made as a chamber which the heated gases will fill or it may be provided with a
division or damper over and under which the heated products may be led as
shown by the arrows Figure 2 and thence to the flue J. When the division i is
used as a damper or made movable, it can be drawn forward into the position
shown in Figure 3, and the products of combustion allowed to pass directly to the
flue J. This will cause the fire to burn more briskly, and to burn up quickly when
first lighted. The heat from the products of combustion is radiated from the walls
of the chamber I into the apartment, and the top will form a hot hearth, upon
which a kettle saucepan or the like may be boiled or kept.hot. This will be found
very serviceable especially in fire places designed for kitchen use. The front L of
the chamber I, may be made movable so that access may be had to the chamber
and flues. K is a wall of fire, bricks forming the back of the combustion chamber.
The wall or back K projects down below the level of the top of the chamber I; this
tends to prevent the escape of only partly consumed products to the flue, and. also
where no division is placed in the chamber I, causes the heated gases to spread out
into the chamber and where the division i is used acts as a back for the upper part
of the chamber. M is a fire brick or tile placed at each side of the grate.
The fire place may either be set upon bricks or mounted upon feet or a stand, in
the latter case the bottom surface of chamber would be applicable for the radiation
of heat.
Though chiefly designed for what are known as open fire places; these improve-
ments are also applicable to stoves or hearths of several descriptions such as are
known as American Stoves; ranges, and by other names: and in the figures on
sheet 2 it is shown applied to a kitchen range provided with boilers and oven.
Like letters refer to like parts of the invention which have already been described.
N is the oven, with a flue over,, below, and behind it. O are water boilers or
heaters placed one at each side of the firo place and connected together at bottom
by the pipe o, which runs through the chamber I. The division i in the chamber I
is made of the shape shown and so causes the heated gases in returning to pass
directly under the boilers O instead of along the centre. In a range or fire place of
this description for kitchen use and in the open fire place herein before described,
the fire brick K at the back of the combustion chamber may be replaced by a
circulating boiler from which hot water could be conveyed to other rooms. in the
building for use or for heating purposes. This might be connected with the side
boilers or separate and independent of them. P is an are air pipes which conveys
fresh air to the combustion chamber. The air passing through this these pipes is
heated on its passage as it passes over the upper part of the boiler. p are two
dampers opening or closing the flue on top of the oven by the use of which the

page_text: gases may be allowed to pass over the top of the oven if required instead of into
the combustion chamber, and thereby the oven may be kept at a lower temperature,
or a greater heat be applied to the top Q for the purpose of boiling saucepans and
the like. Qare movable plates forming the top of the range. R are pot rings
and boiler lids. S are doors in front of the fire which may be closed when the
range is worked as an ordinary close range, or may be kept open when desired for
purposes of roasting and the like.
I wish it to be understood that I do not claim broadly the use with fire places
and the like of a combustion chamber placed behind the grate, nor of flues
connecting to the bottom of a combustion chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1st. A fire place having a grate of ordinary construction open at the front and
open and having air spaces in the bottom in combination with a combustion
chamber at back, whose back plate extends below the level of the ash hearth into
which combustion chamber air cannot enter except through the grate or and
through air passages placed above the grate, substantially as shown and described.
2nd. A fire place having an open grate of ordinary construction, open at the
front and open and having air spaces in the bottom with a combustion chamber
placed behind it, into which combustion chamber air can only enter as mentioned
in the preceding claim and a chamber below the ash hearth (with or without
a division) into which the products of combustion and heated gases pass and
from the exterior of whose walls the heat is radiated, substantially as shewn and
described.
3rd. A kitchen range with grate open at front and bottom arranged and
constructed, substantially as and for the purposes described and shown.
Dated this fifth day of February 1885.
WM P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, EZRA LOFTS, of Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge, Patentee and
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE PLACES OR STOVES FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
,
=
The object of this invention is to provide a fire place or stove which will more
effectually consume the smoke than many of those at present in use, and at thio
same time increase the heating capacity of the apparatus.
It consists in improvements in such fire-places or stoves as those in which a
combustion chamber is placed. at the back of the grate or coal receptacle into which
the products of combustion pass through bars placed in the back of the grate, and
combustion is assisted by fresh air passing down a passage leading from above the
fire into the said combustion chamber. In such grates as these I find that there
are several defects which prevent their working satisfactorily.
In carrying out my improvements, I retain more nearly the ordinary open fire
grate, open underneath, and the fuel resting on bars and without communication
between the ash hearth and the combustion chamber or flue except through the
bars in the bottom of the grate and the back of same.
Below the ash hearth
I form a chamber with or without flues passing through it opening into the com-
bustion chamber. The back wall of the combustion chamber I extend downwards
below the top of the ash hearth, and the passage into the flue is below this. This
combustion chamber and the air passage leading thereto may be of any convenient
or suitable shape, but what I prefer is circular or nearly so. To prevent a return
of the smoke that may pass upwards from the top of the fire, I form the roof
inclined upwards, all smoke that may rise thus passes to the highest point of the
inclined roof and down the air passage into the combustion chamber. The fore
edge of the roof extends down below the top of the air passage.
Though chiefly designed for what are known as open fire places, these
improvements are also applicable to stoves or hearths of several descriptions such
as are known as American Stoves, ranges, and by other names.
J

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
EZRA LOFTS, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Patentee and Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES OR
STOVES FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES," and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of this invention is to provide a fire place or stove which will more
effectually consume the smoke than many of those at present in use, and at the
same time increase the heating capacity of the apparatus.
It consists in improvements in such fire-places or stoves as those in which a
combustion chamber is placed at the back of the grate or coal receptacle, into
which the products of combustion pass through bars placed in the back of the
grate, and combustion is assisted by fresh air passing down a passage leading from
above the fire into the said combustion chamber.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1, Front elevation of fire place made in accordance with my invention.
Figure 2, Sectional elevation on line ww Figure 1.
Figure 3 Sectional elevation on line w.w Figure 1 showing alternate positions of
the damper and of the top.
Figure 4 Sectional plan on line x x Figure 2.
Figure 5 Front elevation of kitchen fire place, with oven and boilers made in
accordance with my invention.
Figure 6 Sectional elevation on line y y Figure 5.
Figure 7 Sectional plan on line z z Figure 6.
Figure 8 Plan.
A is the grate of the fire place for the reception of the fuel. It is open at the
top and fitted with bars a of ordinary construction in front. The bottom B of the
grate may be made of a perforated metal plate or grating such as is in general use,
or of fire brick with perforations or openings b for the admission of air into the fire
from beneath and for the ashes to fall through. C is a perforated plate forming
the back of the grate made of fire clay or metal The products of combustion
from the fuel pass through the perforations or spaces c in the plate C, into the
combustion chamber D; behind the grate E is a plate forming the top or roof of
the fire place, inclined upwards towards the back. Any smoke or gas rising from
the top of the fire in the grate will ascend along this plate rising to the highest
point, and will then be drawn down by the current into the combustion chamber.
e is a front plate connecting with the plate E forming the front of the fire place.
F is another plate which for an ordinary fire place would take the position shown
in Figure 2 and be, built up against or into the wall forming the chimney breast;
f placed at the sides of the fire place to abut against or be built into the wall.
When intended to be used more as a stove or to be set into a prepared opening in
the chimney without being built in, the plate may be placed as shown at F,
Figure 3, and the plates f be dispensed with altogether. The combustion
chamber D is best placed directly behind or at the back of the grate A. A second
plate G or a prolongation of the plate c extends above the back of the grate, and

page_text: an opening or air passage g communicates with the combustion chamber and
through it a current of air passes into the chamber and impinges upon and mingles
with the products of combustion entering through the passage, and assists in the
more complete combustion of unconsumed or only partly consumed products. The
air entering through g is heated in its passage over the fire and by its contact with
the plate E thus being in a condition to more readily intermingle with the products
of combustion in the chamber. No air is permitted to enter the combustion
chamber except through the spaces c in the back plate C, or through the passage g
as I consider that the combustion is less complete in such fire places where air is
allowed to enter the combustion chamber at a point between the fire and the fluc.
H is the ash hearth or receptacle for ashes as they fall or are raked from the fire.
Below the ash bearth H is furnished a chamber or passage I into which the heated
gases from the combustion chamber are free to pass. This chamber is preferably
made of metal on its top, bottom, and sides which become heated as the products of
combustion play upon or against then, the heat therefrom radiating out into the
room or compartment in which the fire place is constructed. This may be merely
made as a chamber which the heated gases will fill or it may be provided with a
division or damper i over and under which the heated products may be led as
shown by the arrows Figure 2 and thence to the flue J. When the division i is
used as a damper or made movable, it can be drawn forward into the position
shown in Figure 3, and the products of combustion allowed to pass directly to the
flue J. This will cause the fire to burn more briskly, and to burn up quickly when
first lighted. The heat from the products of combustion is radiated from the walls
of the chamber I into the apartinent, and the top will form a hot hearth upon
which a kettle saucepan or the like may be boiled or kept hot. This will be found
very serviceable especially in fire places designed for kitchen use. The front L of
the chamber I, may be made movable so that access may be had to the chamber
and flues. K is a wall of fire bricks forming the back of the combustion chamber.
The wall or back K projects down below the level of the top of the chamber I, this
tends to prevent the escape of only partly consumed products to the flue, and also
where no division is placed in the chamber I, causes the heated gases to spread out
into the chamber and where the division is used acts as a back for the upper part
of the chamber. M is a fire brick or tile placed at each side of the grate.
The fire place may either be set upon bricks or mounted upon feet or a stand, in
the latter case the bottom surface of chamber would be applicable for the radiation
of heat.
Though chiefly designed for what are known as open fire places, these improve-
ments are also applicable to stoves or hearths of several descriptions such as are
known as American Stoves, ranges, and by other names: and in the figures on
sheet 2 it is shown applied to a kitchen range provided with boilers and oven.
Like letters refer to like parts of the invention which have already been described.
N is the oven, with a flue over, below, and behind it. O are water boilers or
heaters placed one at each side of the fire place and connected together at bottom
by the pipe o, which runs through the chamber I. The division i in the chamber I
is made of the shape shown and so causes the heated gases in returning to pass
directly under the boilers O instead of along the centre. In a range or fire place of
this description for kitchen use and in the open fire place herein before described,
the fire brick K at the back of the combustion chamber may be replaced by a
circulating boiler from which hot water could be conveyed to other rooms in the
building for use or for heating purposes. This might be connected with the side
boilers or separate and independent of them. P is an air pipe which conveys fresh
air to the combustion chamber. The air passing through this pipe is heated on its
passage as it passes over the upper part of the boiler. p are two dampers opening
or closing the flue on top of the oven by the use of which the gases may be allowed
to pass over the top of the oven if required instead of into the combustion chamber,
and thereby the oven may be kept at a lower temperature, or a greater heat be
applied to the top Q for the purpose of boiling saucepans and the like, o̟ are
M**

page_text: movable plates forming the top of the range. R are pot rings and boiler lids.
S are doors in front of the fire which may be closed when the range is worked as
an ordinary close range, or may be kept open when desired for purposes of roasting
and the like.
I wish it to be understood that I do not claim broadly the use with fire places
and the like of a combustion chamber placed behind the grate, nor of flues
connecting to the bottom of a combustion chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what
I claim is
1st. A fire place having a grate of ordinary construction open at the front and
open and having air spaces in the bottom in combination with a combustion
chamber at back, whose back plate extends below the level of the ash hearth into
which air cannot enter except through the grate or through air passages placed
above the grate, substantially as shown and described.<
2nd. A fire place having an open grate of ordinary construction, with a com-
bustion chamber placed behind it, and a chamber below the ash hearth (with or
without a division) into which the products of combustion and heated gases pass,
and from the exterior of whose walls the heat is radiated, substantially as
described.
3rd. A kitchen range with grate open at front and bottom arranged and
constructed; substantially as and for the purposes described and shown.
35.
W P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
and 323, High Holborn, London,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.