IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS FOR GASSING YARNS OR THREADS OF FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, JOHN WAUGH DAWSON, Cotton Spinner, of Cross Heath Mills, Wolstanton,
in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS FOR GASSING YARNS OR THREADS
OF FIBROUS MATERIALS," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus for gassing yarns or
threads of cotton, silk, wool, flax, or other textile or fibrous material, hereinafter
yarn
intended to be comprehended where the word " "alone occurs, and is
applicable to all modifications of that class of such apparatus in which gas and
atmospheric air are commingled and led to a burner where the admixture is
ignited and through the flame of which the yarn is guided for the purpose of
burning off its adhering loose fibres.
In such apparatus as previously constructed, there was (amongst other dis-
advantages, which it is the object of the present Improvements also to obviate) a
very wasteful consumption of gas, due principally to the gas being directly impelled
centrally of and in the direction of the length of a tubular admixing chamber, and
to an insufficient and not sufficiently reliable induction of the air, and which was
resultant in an imperfect commingling or admixture of the gas and air within the
chamber.
The especial objects of the present improvements, are to render such system and
means of gassing yarns and other fibrous materials more perfect and expeditious
and less costly, to remedy the defects and disadvantages attendant upon the use of
such system and means as hitherto used and constructed, and especially to ensure
a more perfect commingling or combination of the air and gas, to reduce to a
minimum the consumption of gas, and to effect a perfect gassing of the yarn at one
passage through the gassing flame instead of the repeated passages hitherto required.
The Invention is illustrated on the accompanying drawings; in which
Fig 1, represents a sectional elevation of an advantageous modification of
carrying out the present improvements.
And Figs; 2, to, 8, are detail views.
In attaining the said objects according to the present improvements, I cause the
commingling of the air and gas to be effected gradually and by repeated admixtures
of air with the gas, or gas and air, in one or more admixing chambers, in order to

page_text: obtain a perfect combination thereof and the most advantageous degree of
attenuation of the gas, and I effect this by various means, and by the employment
of one or more admixing chambers, 1, or, 1, 2, but preferably by combining a series
of two or more admixing tubes or chambers, 1, 2 into the first of which the gas
and air separately enter, preferably in the improved manner hereinafter described,
and there undergo a first combination, and into the second and following of which
admixing chambers the gas and air enter in an admixed state, and are in each
of such chambers further admixed with air alone until the desired degree of
attenuation of the gas is required, a very small proportion thereof (much less than
that hitherto required with a dispersed flame such as has been used) being quite
sufficient for the purpose of the Invention when the admixture is used and
ignited as a jet flame as herein described; all excess of gas beyond such sufficient
amount merely representing waste and so much loss which it is the especial object of
the present improvements to avoid.
I adapt to the admixing chamber, 1, if used by itself, and prefer to do so if it be
used with a series of one or more secondary admixing chambers, 2, a gas inlet
pipe, 3, or equivalent means for admitting the gas, projecting into the chamber for any
required distance, the pipe being stopped at its innermost inserted end, 4, or being
so formed or adapted as to prevent the escape of the gas centrally of and directly
through the said chamber, and being also formed or provided with numerous radiating
or laterally disposed apertures or outlet openings, 5, which may be in the form of
conical or cylindrical holes of any suitable size, or of slits more or less extensive
and of any required or most advantageous width and length, and which are so
disposed at different parts of its length (without any particular size or arrangement
of, the said openings being arbitrary) as that the outlet of gas from the inlet pipe or
tube, 3, to within the admixing chamber, 1, is effected in a more or less dispersed
or mechanically subdivided condition, so that the gas is not allowed a direct
through escape as hitherto, but is of necessity dispersed and caused to commingle
with the air and more circuitously to reach the outlet pipe, 6, from the chamber, 1.
The inlets, 7, for the air are also, in accordance with the present improvements,
formed so as to lead into the admixing chamber, 1, from the bottom thereof, as well
as or in addition to leading thereinto from the sides of the said chamber as formerly,
and any particular formation and arrangement of these air inlets is also not
arbitrary, but they are so formed and disposed as that the admitted air shall also
of necessity be caused to enter the said chamber at more parts than bas been
hitherto usual and in a more subdivided condition, and thus owing to the
mechanical dispersion or subdivision of the gas and of the air, the more perfect
commingling thereof is ensured, and a more perfect combination thereof ensues,
and a very considerable economy in the quantity of gas required to perfectly effect
the purpose of the Invention is attained, even if only one admixing chamber be
used.
The parts thus or equivalently formed being thus combined in such a
manner as to cause opposing and cross currents of gas and air in lieu of practically
parallel currents as in existing apparatus of like kind.
I prefer however to use two or more admixing chambers in combination, so that
the combination of the gas with the air may be still more advantageously effected.
In such a case, the combined gas and air may be caused to enter the second and
following (if any) chambers, 2, in like manner as hereinbefore described, or it may
be caused to enter thereinto directly as in the manner indicated in Fig; 1 or in
any equivalent manner.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the application of two of such admixing
tubes or chambers, 1, 2, vertically disposed, and show the second one as connected
with the first one by means of a length of piping, 6, but they may be otherwise
constructed in any suitable manner, and they may be made of any suitable form,
size, or dimensions, but it is most advantageous that the air inlet openings, 7, with
which each is provided at its entering end should be so disposed as that the air
shall have the most effective entry for commingling with the already combined gas
and air, and it is also advantageous in effecting the object desired that the ends of

page_text: the said chambers should be rounded or otherwise equivalently shaped, and that
the chambers should be connected by parts (6,) of reduced diameter so as to cause
an alternate expansion and contraction, simultaneously with the repeated com-
binations, of the gas and air.
It is by no means essential that the said admixing chambers should be arranged
vertically, or precisely in the manner illustrated, as they may be disposed
horizontally or otherwise as most convenient.
If necessary or desired, the following described or any suitable means may be
combined with any or each of the admixing chambers, 2, for regulating the supply
of air thereto, and the admission of the gas and air to the chamber, 1, may also be
under independent control. The means of control illustrated are of an improved
nature and consist of a tube or case, 9, circumscribing and encircling the lower
part of the chamber, 1, and formed with apertures, 10, adapted to more or less close
off the said lateral and bottom inlets, 7, of air. The inlet of gas may also be
regulated as desired, by adapting to the supply pipe, 3, a suitable cock or tap, 11,
in any usual manner.
The particular means of regulating the supply of gas and air, are not, however,
material to the present improvements, as any means suitable for the purpose may
be adapted to control any or all of the said inlets.
The intimate admixture of gas and air thus obtained is led from the last
admixing chamber, 1, or, 2, to the burner, 12, by means of a length of piping, 6,
or by other suitable means, the burner being adapted to ensure perfect combustion
and to focus the flame by being formed with a jet, 13, and with an entire or
partially surrounding guard, 14, for preventing flickering of the flame, and adapted
also as a guide, 15, for the yarn, 16, through the centre of the jet of flame while
undergoing the gassing operation.
The combined guard and guide adapted to the burner may consist of a complete
tube or ring, 14, with opposite slits, 15, vide Figs; 2, and, 3, or of a split or divided
tube or ring, 14, with a guiding slit, 15, opposite the wider opening, 15*, thereof,
vide, Figs; 4, and, 5, or in situations where a guard for the jet flame would not be
required, the guiding slits, 15, may be formed on opposite uprights, 14, vide Figs; 6,
and, 7, in all such cases the bottom of the guiding slits are made preferably about
th of au inch above the top of the jet. The guard and guide may be otherwise
formed than as illustrated on the annexed drawings, and may be made of any
required vertical height or diameter, its exact construction being immaterial so long
as it acts as a guard to prevent flickering of the flame to such an extent as it
circumferentially extends, and is formed with opposite slits or openings or is
equivalently formed to fulfil its other special purpose of utility, namely to guide
the yarn during the gassing operation, and this provision permits of single yarns
being perfectly gassed at one passage through the jet flame. The guard or guide
is or may be supported upon or by a lateral extension or cross bar, 17, which with
the part or parts it carries may be cast with or separately made and adjustably
attached or adapted to the burner.
The yarn to be gassed is passed through the guiding slits or openings and is thus
efficiently guided during its passing through the centre of the flame, thus rendering
the desired effect upon the yarn certain and complete, and attaining a superior
result at one passage with a much smaller flame and less consumption of gas than
has hitherto been required in gassing several yarns simultaneously by repeated
passages through a dispersed flame.
One or more of such burners may be adapted in the line of the yarn, or at right
angles thereto, and all may branch from an extension of the same pipe, 6, and each
may be capable of being independently shut off or lit, so that any required amount
of gassing may be given to the yarn at one passing, or so that a number of yarns
may be simultaneously gassed at one operation or passage.
The Invention herein described, may, however, also be used with yarn gassing
burners of any usual construction, as the same is obviously applicable thereto
without the necessity of any variation but with less advantage.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim, is
In apparatus of the kind or class hereinbefore indicated for gassing yarns or
threads of cotton, silk, wool, flax or other fibrous material.
1. The application and use of the hereinbefore described improved method of
commingling and combining the air and gas, by causing the same to be effected
gradually in two or more admixing chambers and by repeated admixtures of air
with the gas, or gas and air, until the required or most advantageous degree of
attenuation of the gas or proportionate admixture is obtained for the purpose of
the Invention.
2. The application or combination of two or more tubular or other admixing
chambers, or other gas and air receivers, or means for carrying such improved
method into practice, substantially in the manner herein before described.
3. The improved and peculiar combination of parts herein before described
constituting the apparatus as a whole, the same consisting in the laterally
perforated gas supply pipe, 3, two or more admixing chambers, 1, 2, and one or
more burners, 12, each of such parts being substantially of the construction
herein before described, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
4. The application and use of the hereinbefore described improved method of
supplying gas and air to a single admixing chamber, or other gas and air receiver,
and of commingling and combining such air and gas therein, the same consisting
essentially in supplying the gas and air in a dispersed and subdivided condition
radiating from the sources of supply in such an improved manner as to cause
numerous opposing and cross currents of such gas and air in contradistinction
to the practically parallel currents thereof as caused in previously existing
apparatus.
5. The combination with a single admixing chamber or gas and air receiver
provided with lateral and bottom apertures formed and adapted for admitting the
air subdivided in the manner herein before described, and with means for regulating
the same as desired, of an inlet pipe, tube or other equivalent source of supply
formed and adapted for admitting the gas subdivided in the manner herein before
described, when such parts are combined in such a manner as to cause opposing
currents of gas and air, substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore
particularly described.
6. The application of one or more jet burners each formed or adapted with an
entire or partially surrounding guard, preferably consisting of a complete or of a
split or open tube or ring, to ensure steadiness of the flame, and also formed or
adapted with a guiding part or parts, preferably consisting of opposite slits or
equivalent guiding openings, for guiding the yarn through the jet of flame while
undergoing the gassing operation, and by means of which there is ensured the
perfect combustion of the gas and air, and a perfect and sufficient gassing of the
yarn at a single passage through the jet flame, instead of requiring repeated
passages thereof as hitherto necessary, substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.