IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP OR GAS STOVES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Marcius Silber, of No. 49, Whitecross Street, in the
"
City of London, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP OR GAS
STOVES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Marcius Silber at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1880.
ALBERT MARCIUS SILBER, of No. 49, Whitecross Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP OR GAS STOVES."
My Invention relates to stoves in which flames of oil lamps or gas burners are
applied for heating the air of an apartment or for cooking. In constructing a stove
for this purpose I make an external casing, which may be made of metal entirely,
or may consist of a metal framing with panels of clay, tiles, porcelain, or glass;
or it may be made entirely of ceramic or vitreous material; centrally within this
casing is a chimney, which may be of round or oval section when the flame is
circular or duplex, or it may be of rectangular section when the flame is flat. This
chimney is made of ceramic material, such as baked clay, or when it is desired that
the flame should be visible the side of it may be of glass or tale facing a glass or
talc panel in the outer casing. On each side of the chimney in the spaces between
it and the outer casing are fixed two horizontal partitions extending towards but
not up to the chimney. Below the lower of these partitions and above the, higher,
the external casing is perforated with numerous holes, so that air entering by the
lower perforations is deflected by the partitions towards the sides of the chimney,
and being heated by contact therewith issues warm through the higher perforations
into the apartment.
When it is desired to supply fresh warmed air the lower perforations are closed
or dispensed with, and the space under the lower partition is supplied with air from
outside the apartment by a tube or flue passing through the wall. Above the
chimney there is a compartment having lateral perforations, through which the
products of combustion can issue into the apartment, or when desired this com-
partment may be connected by a tube to a chimney or flue by which the products
of combustion escape without mingling with the air in the apartment.
When the stove is heated by an oil lamp the oil reservoir, with its wick and
suitable deflecting cone, is conveniently made to slide into its place under the
chimney and air chambers, and in order to protect the oil against conduction of

page_text: heat to it I provide in the lower part of the casing air chambers, which inter-
vening between the oil reservoir and the heated part of the stove, impede con-
duction of heat to the reservoir. In cases where the lamp wick or cone projects
above the oil-reservoir into the chimney, so as to interfere with the direct sliding
of the reservoir, I hinge the reservoir to a framing, or mount it on a gimbal, so
that for taking it out it can first be lowered sufficiently to clear the chimney, and
then slid out or removed, and for putting it in its place it can first be slid or placed
in the gimbal-frame at a low level and then raised to the working position. For
the purpose of extending the heating surface a second casing may be placed above
the stove, presenting passages for the products of combustion alternating with air
passages; and it is of advantage to fix in these passages shelves or deflecting-plates
so as to cause the products of combustion, or the air heated by them, or both, to flow
in a zig-zag direction, thus prolonging the exposure of the air to the heating
influence. The arrangement of stove above described may be extended by
arranging within one casing two or more sset of burners, or lamps with their
chimnies. In such cases I provide air heating compartments between the several
chimnies in addition to those on the outer sides.
When stoves as above described are employed for cooking their covers may be
of metal, to be used as hot plates, or they may have suitable recesses or fittings for
the reception of kettles or other utensils. Also the air spaces between the chimnies
or at their sides may be closed to act as ovens.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Albert Marcius Silber in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
July 1880.
ALBERT MARCIUS SILBER, of No. 49, Whitecross Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP OR GAS STOVES."
My Invention relates to stoves in which flames of oil lamps or gas burners are
applied for heating the air of an apartment or for cooking. In constructing a stove
for this purpose I make an external casing, which may be made of metal entirely,
or may consist of a metal framing with panels of clay tiles, porcelain, or glass; or it
may be made entirely of ceramic or vitreous material. Centrally within this casing
is a chimney, which may be of round or oval section when the flamelis circular or
duplex, or it may be of rectangular section when the flame is flat. This chimney is
made of ceramic material, such as baked clay, or when it is desired that the flame
should be visible the side of it may be of glass or talc facing a glass or talc panel
in the outer casing. On each side of the chimney in the spaces between it and the
outer casing are fixed two horizontal partitions extending towards but not up the
chimney. Below the lower of these partitions, and above the higher, the external
casing is perforated with numerous holes, so that air entering by the lower per-
forations is deflected by the partitions towards the sides of the chimney, and being
heated by contact therewith issues warm through the higher perforations into the
apartment.
When it is desired to supply fresh warmed air the lower perforations are closed
or dispensed with, and the space under the lower partition is supplied with air from
outside the apartment by a tube or flue passing through the wall. Above the
chimney there is a compartment having lateral perforations, through which the
products of combustion can issue into the apartment, or when desired this compart-
ment may be connected by a tube to a chimney or flue by which the products of
combustion escape without mingling with the air in the apartment.
When the stove is heated by an oil lamp the oil reservoir, with its wick and
suitable deflecting cone, is conveniently made to slide into its place under the
chimney and air chambers, and in order to protect the oil against conduction of
heat to it I provide in the lower part of the casing air chambers, which intervening
between the oil reservoir and the heated part of the stove impede conduction of
heat to the reservoir. In cases where the lamp wick or cone projects above the oil
reservoir into the chimney so as to interfere with the direct sliding of the reservoir,
I hinge the reservoir to a framing, or mount it on a gimbal, so that for taking it
out it can first be lowered sufficiently to clear the chimney, and then slid out or
removed, and for putting it in its place it can first be slid or placed in the gimbal
frame at a low level and then raised to the working position. For the purpose of
extending the heating surface a second casing may be placed above the stove,
presenting passages for the products of combustion alternating with air passages,
and it is of advantage to fix in these passages shelves or deflecting plates so as to
cause the products of combustion, or the air heated by them, or both, to flow in a
zig-zag direction, thus prolonging the exposure of the air to the heating influence.
The arrangement of stove above described may be extended by arranging within
one casing two or more sets of burners or lamps with their chimnies. In such
cases I provide air heating compartments between the several chimnies in addition
to those on the outer sides.
When stoves as above described are employed for cooking their covers may be
of metal, to be used as hot plates, or they may have suitable recesses or fittings for
he reception of kettles or other utensils. Also the air spaces between the chimnies.
or at their sides may be closed to act as ovens.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a sectional plan of a lamp stove according
to my Invention. A is the external casing, which may be metal or ceramic material
entirely or may be a metal framing with panels of glass or of ceramic material, as
shewn in Fig. 2. Centrally within the casing is a chimney B, which is made as shewn
of rectangular section when the lamp flame is wide or flat, but which may be of round
or oval form when the flame is round or of the duplex or other compound kind.
The chimney B may be made of metal or ceramic material in one piece, or it may
consist of two side panels of ceramic material held in chases b formed in the casing
of the stove, as shewn in Fig. 2. On each side of the chimney within the casing
are air spaces C, C. Air enters these spaces by numerous perforations c¹ near their
bottoms, ascends in them, being caused by diaphragms c³ to pass close to the sides
of the chimney B so as to be warmed, and issues from them warm by perforations c³
near the top. When it is desired to supply an apartment with fresh warm air the
perforations c¹ may be closed, and air may be supplied to the lower parts of the air
spaces C by a pipe, as indicated by the dotted lines c. The products of combustion
ascending the chimney B issue from the upper part of the casing by perforations b¹,
or when it is desired that they should not mix with the air in the apartment they
may be led from the upper part of the casing by a pipe to a chimney. The cover D
of the stove is made removeable, so that it can be taken off and a kettle, as
indicated by the dotted lines d, or other cooking utensil can be put in its place to
be heated by the products of combustion. When it is desired to utilise still farther
the heat of these products for warming the air of the apartment there is substituted
for the cover D of the stove an air heater constructed as shewn at Fig. 3. It
consists of an external casing E and an internal passage F. The products of
combustion from the chimney of the stove rise through the outer spaces e and issue
by the perforations e¹, or may be led by a pipe to a chimney, while air entering
the passage F by lateral openings f is caused to ascend in a zig-zag direction
by partitions f¹ so as to become warmed, and issues into the apartment by
perforations In Fig. 1, I have shewn an oil lamp as the means of heating,
G being the oil reservoir, and H the cone for causing the air to impinge against the
the flame. In order to prevent the heating of the oil in the reservoir G, I provide
air spaces K between the reservoir and the body of the stove, these being
unnecessary when gas is employed to produce the flame.
Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section of a duplex form of the stove above
described, in which there are two flames and two chimnies. In this Figure the
parts corresponding. to those in Fig. 1 are marked by similar letters. Between the
two chimnies B, B, is a space L which may be employed as a cooking oven,
the spaces C, C, beyond the chimnies being used for heating the air as described
with reference to Fig. 1. In like manner the stove might be extended so as to have
three or more flames and chimnies with the corresponding spaces between and
beyond them.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section, and Fig. 6 a front elevation of a modified construction
of the single stove, in which there is only one chamber C at the back of the
chimney B for heating the air, and the space M in front of the chimney can bo
employed for cooking, or when it is desired that the flame be seen the space M may
be simply an air chamber with a glass front m, the front side m' of the chimney B
being also of glass. When glass is thus employed it is preferred to have it of red
colour, as ruby glass, also, to save the glass m¹ of the chimney from cracking,
instead of making it in one panel I form it of a number of strips of glass superposed
on one another edge to edge, as shewn in Fig. 6, each strip being free to expand
and contract independently of the others.
When oil lamps are employed in stoves of the kind described above it is
convenient to make them as shewn in Fig. 5, so that the lamp with its oil reservoir G
can be slid into its place or slid out for the purpose of charging the reservoir or

page_text: trimming the wick. In cases where the air cone H is of such height as to extend
partly up into the chimney B, so that the lamp cannot be slid out or in, I adopt the
arrangement shewn in Fig. 7, which is a vertical section of the base of the stove.
The reservoir G is supported by trunnion pins g at each side on a fork lever P
pivotted at the back of the stove and held up in front by a catch p. When it is
desired to remove the lamp the catch p is released and the lever P allowed to
descend, as indicated by the dotted lines P', the lamp and its reservoir being thus
sufficiently lowered to permit their withdrawal at the front of the stove.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I claim,-
First. The construction of lamp or gas stove berein described with reference to
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings
Second. The modified construction in duplex or other multiplex form, as herein
described with reference to Fig. 4.
Third. The modified construction described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6,
wherein the space at one side of the chimney is employed for cooking, or as an air
space permitting the flame to be seen through glass.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
A. M. SILBER. (L.S.)