AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HOT BLAST STOVE
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Levick, junior, Ironmaster, and John
James, Furnace Manager, both of Cwm Celyn and Blaina Iron Works,
in the County of Monmouth, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF HOT BLAST STOVE."
Sealed the 8th December 1857, and dated the 15th June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Levick and John
James at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th June 1857.
We, FREDERICK LEVICK, junior, Ironmaster, and JOHN JAMES, Furnace
Manager, both of Cwm Celyn and Blaina Iron Works, in the County of
Monmouth, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HOT BLAST STOVE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved construction of stove or furnace for
heating air for blast furnaces, the object being to render the same easily
susceptible of repairs when either the arch or any one of the pipes is materially
injured by the furnace heat, and thus avoid the necessity of pulling down a
considerable portion of the brickwork, which is now required before the pipes
can be replaced by new ones or the arch of the fireplace rebuilt. We propose
to employ our improved furnace both in connection with our improved mode
of utilizing the waste gases of blast furnaces, for which we obtained Her
Majesty's Letters Patent, bearing date December 17th, 1856, and also when
solid carbonaceous matter is used as the fuel. The air to be heated we pass
through a system of serpentine pipes, formed of cast iron, and enclosed in a
chamber having an opening to the atmosphere. At their upper end these

page_text: pipes are provided with lateral projections, which rest on brackets bolted to
or cast with certain of the plates which form the outer lining of the furnace,
and thus suspended the pipes are free to be lifted off their bearings without
disturbing the surrounding brickwork. The bottom of the chamber containing
the pipes is formed by the arch of the puddling hearth (when that is used),
or by the crown of the fireplace when no puddling hearth is provided. A
pipe or flue from the blast furnace conducts the waste gases to the puddling
hearth, and before they impinge upon the molten metal on the hearth, or
enter the fireplace to be consumed, they are mixed with atmospheric air,
admitted through suitable apertures in the feed pipe. The arch of the fire-
place or puddling hearth is pierced to permit of the heat given off by the
incandescent fuel or not absorbed by the puddling operation passing upwards,
and heating the blast pipes above in a uniform and efficient manner; and we
also propose to make openings in the ends and sides of the fire or puddling
chamber, in order to quicken the draft and diffuse the heat around the air
pipes. A gutter leading from the exterior of the furnace to the puddling
chamber is provided for admitting the molten metal to be operated upon.
In the waste gas supply pipe a throttle valve is fitted, in order to adjust with
great nicety the supply of the waste gases from the blast furnace, and ensure
their perfect combustion in the fire chamber, and the maintenance of a proper
degree of heat, without which no good result can be obtained.
The pipes
through which the air to be heated passes we prefer to make of ribbed or
corrugated cast iron. When heating the furnace with solid carbonaceous
matter, we fit up the fire chamber with fire bars, like an ordinary closed fire-
place, and when puddling by the heat thus obtained we place the fire chamber
in a line with the puddling hearth, and cause the flame and gases of com-
bustion to pass from the fireplace directly into that chamber. The heat
which is not expended in the puddling of the molten metal then passes
upwards to the chamber containing the pipes, and circulates around them,
and the gases of combustion, when deprived of the greater portion of their
heat, escape into the atmosphere by a vertical shaft leading from the chamber.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Levick and John James in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th December 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERICK
LEVICK, junior, Ironmaster, and JOHN JAMES, Furnace Manager, both of

page_text: Cwm Celyn and Blaina Iron Works, in the County of Monmouth, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of Junc, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Frederick Levick and John James, Her special license that we,
the said Frederick Levick and John James, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Frederick Levick and John James,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HOT BLAST
STOVE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Frederick
Levick and John James, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Frederick Levick and John James,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):—
Our Invention relates to an improved construction of stove or furnace for
heating air for blast furnaces, the object being to render the stove easily
susceptible of repair when either the arch or any one of the pipes is materially
injured by the heat to which they are exposed, and thus avoiding the necessity.
for pulling down a considerable portion of the brickwork (which is now found.
requisite) before the pipes can be replaced by new ones or the arch of the
fireplace rebuilt. We propose to employ our improved furnace both in con-
nection with our improved mode of utilizing the waste gases of blast furnaces,
for which we obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent, bearing date December
Seventeenth, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, and also when. solid
carbonaceous fuel is used.
The accompanying Drawings shew the manner of carrying out the Invention.
in connection with two forms of puddling. furnace, and from the following.

page_text: description it will be readily understood that our Invention also applies in
cases where there is no puddling hearth in connection with the air stove.
In Sheet I. of the Drawings, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of our improved air
stove combined with a puddling hearth, in which the waste gases from the
blast furnaces are employed as fuel; Fig. 2 is an end elevation; Fig. 3 is a
longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 4 is a vertical section, taken at right angles
to Fig. 3; and Figures 5 and 6 are cross sections, taken respectively in the
lines 1, 2, and 3, 4, of Fig. 3.
The stove consists mainly of a chamber A, containing a system of serpentine
pipes a and a*, and having an opening to the atmosphere. The pipes are
formed of cast iron, and are held in suspension free of the brickwork forming
the chamber A. The lower parts a of this serpentine system of pipes are
severally cast with a partition reaching nearly to the bottom of the pipe,
whereby each portion a forms a double pipe. At the upper end of each
double pipe a two sockets are formed to receive the ends of the bent pipes a",
which constitute the connection between the several pendent portions a. The
pipes a are also provided at their upper ends with lateral projections a', which
rest on brackets a², bolted to or cast with certain of the plates which form
the outer lining of the stove. This system of pipes a, a, forms a serpentine
channel, through which the air to be heated is passed on its passage to the
blast furnaces, and being thus suspended any portion of the pipes is free to
be removed when burned out by simply lifting it from its bearings without
disturbing the surrounding brickwork, as will be evident by reference to Fig. 4.
The bottom of the chamber A, containing the pipes, is formed by the
arch of the puddling hearth c. A pipe or flue d from the blast furnace
supplies the waste gases to the puddling hearth by means of a descending
pipe e, but before they impinge upon the molten metal on the hearth or
become ignited they are mixed with atmospheric air admitted through suitable
apertures in the feed pipe, regulated by an adjustable sliding door or grating
e. The arch of the puddling hearth is pierced to permit of the hot gases
in the puddling chamber passing upwards and circulating around, and heating
the blast pipes above in a uniform and efficient manner.
And for the purpose
of further diffusing the heat around the air pipes and quickening the draft,
we also propose to make openings in the ends and sides of the puddling
chamber. A gutter leading from the exterior of the furnace to the puddling
chamber is provided at f, for admitting the molten metal to be operated upon.
In the waste gas supply pipe ca throttle valve is fitted, in order to adjust
with great nicety the supply of the waste gases from the blast furnace, and
ensure their perfect combustion in the fire chamber, and the maintenance of

page_text: a proper degree of heat, without which no good result can be obtained. The
pipes, through which the air to be heated passes, we prefer to cast with ribs
or corrugations on their inner surfaces.
When heating the furnace with solid carbonaceous matter, we fit up the
fire chamber with fire bars like an ordinary closed fireplace, and when
puddling by the heat thus obtained we place the fire chamber in a line with
the puddling hearth, as shewn in the sectional elevations, Figs. 7 & 8, in
Sheet II. of the Drawings, and cause the flame and gases of combustion to
pass from the fireplace directly into the puddling chamber, preferring the
use of a deflecting arch g, which will serve to equalize the distribution of the
heat in the chamber A above. That portion of the heat which is not expended,
or which
may be generated in the puddling of the molten metal, passes under
the arch 9 of the puddling chamber and enters (through the openings in the
arch 6) the chamber A, containing the system of pipes a, a, where it circulates
around the pipes. When the gases of combustion are by contact with the
air pipes deprived of the greater portion of their heat, they escape into the
atmosphere by the vertical shaft leading from the chamber A. For the heating
of air for hot blast furnaces, irrespective of the double use of the heat generated
by gaseous or solid fuel, it should be stated that we construct the fireplace
of our improved stove in the ordinary manner, taking care, however, that the
air pipes are not dependent for their support on the brickwork forming
the crown of the fireplace, but that they are supported as above explained,
and are free to be removed and replaced by new pipes without disturbing the
brickwork.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of "An Improved Con-
struction of Hot Blast Stove," and explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, we wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent we claim constructing and mounting the air pipes of hot
blast stoves in the heating chamber, in the manner and for the purpose above
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick Levick and John James, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, the Fourteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Levick, junior, Ironmaster, and John
James, Furnace Manager, both of Cwm Celyn and Blaina Iron Works,
in the County of Monmouth, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OP HOT BLAST STOVE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Levick and John,
James at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,..
on the 15th June 1857.
We, FREDERICK LEVICK, junior, Ironmaster, and JOHN JAMES, Furnace
Manager, both of Cwm Celyn and Blaina. Iron Works, in the County of
Monmouth, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "AN-
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HOT BLAST STOVE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved construction of stove or furnace for
beating air for blast furnaces, the object being to render the same easily
susceptible of repairs when either the arch or any one of the pipes is materially
injured by. the furnace heat, and thus avoid the necessity of pulling down a-
considerable portion of the brickwork, which is now required before the pipes
can be replaced by new ones or the arch of the fireplace rebuilt. We propose
to employ our improved furnace both in connection with our improved mode,
of utilizing the waste gases of blast furnaces, for which we obtained Her
Majesty's Letters Patent, bearing date December 17th, 1856, and also. when
solid carbonaceous matter is used as the fuel. The air to be heated we pass
through a system of serpentine pipes, formed of cast iron, and enclosed in a
chamber having an opening to the atmosphere. At their upper end these

page_text: pipes are provided with lateral projections, which rest on brackets bolted to
or cast with certain of the plates which form the outer lining of the furnace,
and thus suspended the pipes are free to be lifted off their bearings without
disturbing the surrounding brickwork. The bottom of the chamber containing
the pipes is formed by the arch of the puddling hearth (when that is used),
or by the crown of the fireplace when no puddling hearth is provided. A
pipe or flue from the blast furnace conducts the waste gases to the puddling
hearth, and before they impinge upon the molten metal on the hearth, or
enter the fireplace to be consumed, they are mixed with atmospheric air,
admitted through suitable apertures in the feed pipe. The arch of the fire-
place or puddling hearth is pierced to permit of the heat given off by the
incandescent fuel or not absorbed by the puddling operation passing upwards,
and heating the blast pipes above in a uniform and efficient mannor; and we
also propose to make openings in the ends and sides of the fire or puddling
chamber, in order to quicken the draft and diffuse the heat around the air
pipes. A gutter leading from the exterior of the furnace to the puddling
chamber is provided for admitting the molten metal to be operated upon.
In the waste gas supply pipe a throttle valve is fitted, in order to adjust with
great nicety the supply of the waste gases from the blast furnace, and ensure
their perfect combustion in the fire chamber, and the maintenance of a proper
degree of heat, without which no good result can be obtained. The pipes
through which the air to be heated passes we prefer to make of ribbed or
corrugated cast iron. When heating the furnace with solid carbonaceous
matter, we fit up the fire chamber. with fire bars, like an ordinary closed fire-
place, and when puddling by the heat thus obtained we place the fire chamber
in a line with the puddling hearth, and cause the flame and gases of com-
bustion to pass from the fireplace directly into that chamber. The heat
which is not. expended in the puddling of the molten metal then passes
upwards to the chamber containing the pipes, and circulates around them,
and the gases of combustion, when deprived of the greater portion of their
heat, escape into the atmosphere by a vertical shaft leading from the chamber.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filod
by the said Frederick Levick and John James in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th December 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERICK 35
LEVICK, junior, Ironmaster, and JOHN JAMES, Furnace Manager, both of:

page_text: Cwm Celyn and Blaina Iron Works, in the County of Monmouth, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Frederick Levick and John James, Her special license that we,
the said Frederick Levick and John James, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Frederick Levick and John James,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HOT BLAST
STOVE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Frederick
Levick and John James, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
scals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date.
of the said Letters Patent."
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Frederick Levick and John James;
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, referenco being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
Our Invention relates to an improved construction of stove or furnace for
heating air for blast furnaces, the object being to render the stove easily
susceptiblo of repair when either the arch or any one of the pipes is materially:
injured by the heat to which they are exposed, and thus avoiding the necessity.
for pulling town a considerable portion of the brickwork (which is now found
requisite) before the pipes can be replaced by new ones or the arch of the
fireplace rebuilt. We propose to employ our improved furnace both in con--
nection with our improved mode of utilizing the waste gases of blast furnaces;:"
for which we obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent, bearing date December:
Seventeenth, One thousand cight hundred and fifty-six, and also when solid
carbonaceous fuel is used.
The accompanying Drawings shew the manner of carrying out the Invention
in connection with two forms of puddling furnace, and from the following.

page_text: description it will be readily understood that our Invention also applies in
cases where there is no puddling hearth in connection with the air stove.
In Sheet I. of the Drawings, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of our improved air
stove combined with a puddling hearth, in which the waste gases from the
blast furnaces are employed as fuel; Fig. 2 is an end clevation; Fig. 3 is a
longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 4 is a vertical section, taken at right angles
to Fig. 3; and Figures 5 and 6 are cross sections, taken respectively in the
lines 1, 2, and 3, 4, of Fig. 3.
The stove consists mainly of a chamber A, containing a system of serpentine
pipes a and a, and having an opening to the atmosphere. The pipes are
formed of cast iron, and are held in suspension free of the brickwork forming
the chamber A. The lower parts a of this serpentine system of pipes are
severally cast with a partition reaching nearly to the bottom of the pipe,
whereby each portion a forms a double pipe. At the upper end of each
double pipe a two sockets are formed to receive the ends of the bent pipes a*,
which constitute the connection between the several pendent portions a. The
pipes a are also provided at their upper ends with lateral projections a', which
rest on. brackets a, bolted to or cast with certain of the plates which form
the outer lining of the stove. This system of pipes a, a, forms a serpentine
channel, through which the air to be heated is passed on its passage to the
blast furnaces, and being thus suspended any portion of the pipes is free to
be removed when burned out by simply lifting it from its bearings without
listurbing the surrounding brickwork, as will be evident by reference to Fig. 4.
The bottom of the chamber A, containing the pipes, is formed by the
arch of the puddling hearth c. A pipe or fluc d from the blast furnace
supplies the waste gases to the puddling, hearth by means of a descending
pipe c, but before they impinge upon the molten, metal on the hearth or
become ignited they are mixed with atmospheric air admitted through suitable
apertures in the feed pipe, regulated by an adjustable sliding door or grating
e. The arch b of the puddling hearth is pierced to permit of the hot gases
in the puddling chamber passing upwards and circulating around, and heating
the blast pipes above in a uniform and efficient manner.
And for the purpose
of further diffusing the heat around the air pipes and quickening the draft,
we also propose to make openings in the ends and sides of the puddling
chamber. A gutter leading from the exterior of the furnace to the puddling-
chamber is provided at f, for admitting the molten metal to be operated upon.
In the wasto gas supply pipe e a throttle valve is fitted, in order to adjust
with great nicety the supply of the waste gases from the blast furnace, and
ensure their perfect combustion in the fire chamber, and tho maintenance of

page_text: a proper degree of heat, without which no good result can be obtained. The
pipes, through which the air to be heated passes, we prefer to cast with ribs
or corrugations on their inner surfaces.
When heating the furnace with solid carbonaceous matter, we fit up the
fire chamber with fire bars like an ordinary closed fireplace, and when
puddling by the heat thus obtained we place the fire chamber in a line with
the puddling hearth, as shown in the sectional elevations, Figs. 7 & 8, in
Sheet II. of the Drawings, and cause the flame and gases of combustion to
pass from the fireplace directly into the puddling chamber, preferring the
use of a deflecting arch g, which will serve to equalize the distribution of the
heat in the chamber A above. That portion of the heat which is not expended,
or which may be generated in the puddling of the molten metal, passes under
the arch g of the puddling chamber and enters (through the openings in the
arch 6) the chamber A, containing the system of pipes a, a, where it circulates
around the pipes. When the gases of combustion are by contact with the
air pipes deprived of the greater portion of tlicir heat; they escape into the
atmosphere by the vertical shaft leading from the chamber A. For the heating
of air for hot blast furnaces, irrespective of the double use of the heat generated
by gaseous or solid fuel, it should be stated that we construct the fireplace
of our improved stove in the ordinary manner, taking care, however, that the
air pipes are not dependent for their support on the brickwork forming
the crown of the fireplace, but that they are supported as above explained,
and are free to be removed and replaced by new pipes without disturbing the
brickwork.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of "An Improved Con-
struction of Ilot Blast Stove," and explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, we wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent we claim constructing and mounting the air pipes of hot
blast stoves in the heating chamber, in the manner and for the purpose above
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick Levick and John James, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, the Fourteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
FRED LEVICK, JUN. (L.S.)
JOHN JAMES.
(L.S.)