An In- PROVED APPARATUS FOR MIXING Sors, CHEMICAL MANURES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, EITHER SEPARATELY OR TOGETHER, AND FOR MIXING DRY WITH SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES, LIQUIDS, OR Am
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Hammond, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of “An In-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR MIXING Sors, CHEMICAL MANURES, AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES, EITHER SEPARATELY OR TOGETHER, AND FOR MIXING DRY WITH
SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES, LIQUIDS, OR Am."-A communication from
abroad by Frederick Tolhausen, of 149, Boulevard Magenta, Paris,
France.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henry Hammond at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 7th December 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
5
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henry Hammond at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 7th December 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
HAMMOND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical

page_text: WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR MIXING SOILS, CHEMICAL MANURES, AND OTHER SUESTANCES, EITHER
SEPARATELY OR TOGETHER, AND FOR MIXING DRY WITH SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES,
LIQUIDS, OR AIR," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent 5
for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that the same is
a communication to me from abroad by Frederick Tolhausen, of 149,
Boulevard Magenta, Paris, Franco.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Hammond, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand. and 10
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and .
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following -
statement, referenco being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :—
The Invention consists in an improved apparatus for mixing soils, 18
chemical manures, or other substances together, and for mixing dry with
semi-fluid substances, liquids, or air, by the rotation of screws or portions
of screws, curved blades, or inclined planes in a vessel containing the
substances to be mixed.
Fig. 1 represents a plan of the apparatus; Fig. 2 a sectional elevation 20
of part of the apparatus; and Fig. 3 is an under side view of the appa-
ratus shewing the gearing. The same figures and letters denote the
same parts of the apparatus in each of the Figures.
a, b, c, and d are four screws driven respectively by the four spur
wheels, 1, 2, 3, and 4. In Fig. 1, e shews the form of the interior of 2
the vessel in which the screws work, and in which the materials to be
mixed are to be placed. fin Fig. 3 shews a moveable part of the floor
of the vessel which is to be withdrawn when the materials or substances
have been sufficiently mixed or dried in order that the same may fall
through the spout or opening into any receptacle placed to receive it. 80
When small the apparatus may be worked by hand. Turning the
handle (in the direction shew by the arrow) attached to the spur
wheel 1 will cause the other spur wheels together with the screws to
whose axes the said spur wheels are fixed to move in the direction
indicated by the arrows on them, and when the materials to be operated 3
upon are placed in the vessel and the apparatus set to work by hand or
mechanical power the particles will be made to ascend from the bottom

page_text: of the vessel to the top, when they will fall down again to the bottom,
and will again be made to rise and fall continuously until they are
sufficiently mixed. This apparatus cannot be moved in a contrary
direction to that shewn and described.
It will be obvious that this apparatus may also be applied to earth
closets, in which case earth, sawdust, charcoal, or other substances,
separately or mixed, may be used to receive the excrement and urine.
Attached to an earth closet this apparatus must be set in motion after
every visit until the matter deposited disappears from the surface and is
lost to sight. Before the material is surcharged with deposit so as to
become offensive to the smell it should be removed in the manner already
described, and the moveable part of the floor returned to its placo, a
fresh supply of absorbing material being then added. The screws, curved
blades, or inclined planes as well as the inside of the case may be made
hollow, and perforated with small openings, through which air, heated
or otherwise, may be forced for the purpose of driving moisture from
grain, bran, and similar substances.
It will be clear to any machinist that the screws or inclined planes
may be built up in sections such as 6', shewn in Fig. 2, and that they
need not be built up as on the Drawing but placed on their axis, so that
the edges of one section shall not rest on the edges of the other, but may
be either in advance or behind the one adjoining it.
It will be obvious that more than four screws may be geared together
in the manner shewn, or fewer than four may be used to cause the
materials to be raised in a continuous current from the bottom of the
vessel to the top, whence they will fall to the bottom and be again raised
in like manner. I prefer screws placed together as I have shewn them
to any other form or arrangement of lifters for mixing materials as
already described.
Having now described the nature and use of my improved apparatus,
I wish it to be clearly understood that I do not claim any of the parts
separately as each of them is old and well known, nor do I claim the
combination of four spur wheels with axes, as that is an old and well,
known combination; but what I claim as my Invention is, the com-
bination of spur wheels, axes, and screws, curved blades, or inclined
planes, with the case in which they are enclosed in such manner that
the materials to be mixed are made to move in a current from the

page_text: bottom of the vessel to the top, whence they fall and are again screwed
up.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Hammond, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Seventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.