Improvements in Fencing and Railings.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 7th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 14th Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fencing and Railings.
I JOHN PARKER of 111 Conybere Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick
Joinery Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention consists in the improvements in fencing or railings hereinafter
set forth whereby posts are made out of several parts secured together into one
piece such compound posts being attached to improved rails, palings and capping,
producing a new manufacture in relation to fencing.
I provide a concrete base moulded out of an admixture of broken scrap coke held
together by means of cement, I utilize any suitable cement such as Portland cement,
or lime, silicate and sharp sand, that is to say I claim the right to use any substance
that when mixed together with water will form a creamy paste amalgamating with the
broken coke producing when dry a solid stone like substance; in the make up of my
concrete base, the novel use of coke produces an improved concrete, light in weight
and of stone like structure.
I provide a post pin which may be a straight piece of iron round, square, or of
other suitable transverse section the upper part of post pin would be pierced
transversely with a slot and the lower part of such post-pin would be notched,
serrated, forked, triangled, or otherwise shaped so as to offer surfaces suitable to
lock within the concrete block-I prefer in some cases to make my concrete blocks
in the shape of a sugar loaf, namely, conical but not terminating with an apex, in
other cases I make the concrete base block of square, rhomboidal, polygonal, or other
suitable horizontal shape and such shape may be continuous, the block being the same
size at the bottom as at the top, but I prefer to make the bottom side of each
block larger than its top side, producing tapered blocks irrespective of the horizontal
configuration of such blocks.
I next provide a post of suitable transverse section and bore a central hole up
its bottom end a suitable distance and also a transverse cotter hole of suitable
dimensions.
The post is connected to the concrete base-block by passing the central hole in
post over the post-pin protruding from concrete and then driving a linch pin through
the transverse slot in one side of post, thence through the slot in post pin and
thence into slot at other side of post incorporating the wood post with the concrete
base.
By the utilization of my concrete bases for posts, the main posts outside the ground
can be more readily prepared into any suitable shape by means of machine tools and
where it is now necessary to use oak or other expensive non-perishable woods, a
cheaper wood can be used above the ground, connected and consolidated with the
concrete base as hereinbefore described.
Instead of using a solid post pin I in some cases prefer to use a tube slotted in
the same manner as the post pin, in other cases I connect and consolidate the bottom
end of a tube within the concrete the projecting upper end being of sufficient internal
dimensions to grip the post to which it can be secured as a shoe by means of cotters,
bolts or other equivalent mechanical fastenments.
I utilize the posts with concrete bases hereinbefore described in combination with
the rails, palings, and capping in the manner hereinafter described.

page_text: The posts may be round, parallelogramic or of any other suitable transverse
section and ornamented to a suitable design, the parallelogramic section lends itself
best in the make up of the fence; I bore or otherwise provide transverse pin-holes
in or through the posts, I next provide a central groove on each side-face of the
post, I next provide grooved top-capping to cover the top ends of the palings or
laths, I next provide my improved rails the novelty of which consists in forming a
pin on each end of the rail suitable to fit into the transverse pin-hole provided in
the post.
In the construction of my invention I in some cases provide only two rails, one
for the front face and one for the back face of palings.
In putting the parts together I prefer to make up convenient lengths the palings
are laid horizontal on a bench or elsewhere, one paling lapping over the edge
of the next, the first rail is then placed and nailed, screwed, or otherwise fastened
to the palings at both ends or to each paling the grooved capping is then put over
the top ends, the frame of palings is then turned over and a second rail secured to
the back face opposite and linable with the rail secured to front side.
In other cases I provide two sets of rails or three, four, or more sets, in
accordance with the height of fencing I build up a quantity of paling frames in
the manner hereinbefore described in accordance with the extent of ground to be
fenced in.
In putting up my improved fencing the concrete bases would be disconnected
from the posts, a row of the concrete bases would then be sunk in the ground at
regular intervals the ends projecting from the ground by preference some six or
eight inches, each base would present its projecting post-pin ready to receive the
bottom end of a post, a wood post could then be passed on to the post pin and
secured thereto by means of the linch pin or other equivalent fastenments as
described in first modification, a frame of palings would then be connected to the
first post the edge of first paling passing into the vertical groove provided to
receive it in post, and the pin end of rails passing into the holes provided in the
side face of post to receive them, a second post would then be lowered on to its
base post pin and the other end of set of palings passed into their seat holes
thus supporting the frame of palings between two posts; any length of fencing can
be put together by connecting additional sets of palings between the posts; the pin
ends of the rails are secured in their seat holes by means of wood-pins, nails, screws,
or other such like fastenings driven through the outside of post thence through the
rail-pin ends into the other side of post.
By a second modification, I dispense with the grooved top rail such second
modification being suitable in the make up of short fencing from two feet six inches
high.
By a third modification I make the posts with ordinary butt ends dispensing with
the concrete base parts but forming the posts with the grooves and pin holes as
described in first modification.
By a fourth modification I utilize my improved paling-posts pinned or socketed
to concrete bases, but mortice such improved posts in any of the ordinary ways
now in general use and fill in the spaces between my improved posts with horizontal
rails passing into the side mortices of posts in any of the ways now in general
use and the palings being nailed or otherwise secured to the rails; by the fourth
modification I can put up any quantity of fencing to any old or new design
incorporating and combining the old rails and palings with my new and improved
paling-posts.
Dated this 7th day of June 1893.

page_text: Improvements in Fencing and Railings.
I JOHN PARKER of 111 Conybere Street Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Joinery Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention consists in the improvements in fencing or railings hereinafter set
forth whereby posts are made out of several parts secured together into one piece
such compound posts being attached to improved rails, palings and capping,
producing a new manufacture in relation to fencing.
I provide a concrete base moulded out of an admixture of broken scrap coke held
together by means of cement, I utilize any suitable cement such as Portland cement,
or lime, silicate, and sharp sand, that is to say I claim the right to use any substance
that when mixed together with water will form a creamy paste amalgamating with
the broken coke, producing when dry a solid stone like substance; in the make up
of my concrete base the novel use of coke produces an improved concrete, light in
weight and of stone like structure.
I provide a post pin which may be a straight piece of iron round, square, or of
other suitable transverse section, the upper part of post pin would be pierced
transversely with a slot and the lower part of such post pin would be notched,
serrated, forked, triangled, or otherwise shaped so as to offer surfaces suitable to
lock up within the concrete block-I prefer in some cases to make my concrete
blocks in the shape of a sugar loaf, namely, conical but not terminating with an
apex, in other cases I make the concrete base block of square, rhomboidal, polygonal,
or of other suitable horizontal shape and such shape may be continuous, the block
being the same size at the bottom as at the top, but I prefer to make the bottom
sides of each block larger than its top side, producing tapered blocks irrespective
of the horizontal configuration of such blocks.
I next provide a post of suitable transverse section and bore a central hole up its
bottom end a suitable distance and also a transverse cotter hole of suitable
dimensions.
The post is connected to the concrete base-block by passing the central hole in
post over the post pin protruding from concrete and then driving a linch pin
through the transverse slot in outside of post, thence through the slot in post pin
and thence into slot at other side of post, incorporating the wood post with the
concrete base.
By the utilization of my concrete bases for posts the main posts outside the
ground can be more readily prepared into any suitable shape by means of machine
tools, and where it is now necessary to use oak or other expensive nonperishable
woods, a cheaper wood can be used above the ground, connected and consolidated
with the concrete base as hereinbefore described.
Instead of using a solid post pin I in some cases prefer to use a tube slotted in
the same manner as the post pin, in other cases I connect and consolidate the
bottom end of a tube within the concrete the projecting upper end being of sufficient
internal dimensions to grip the post to which it can be secured as a shoe by means
of cottars, bolts or other equivalent mechanical fastenments.
In some cases I utilize any of the materials generally used in the making of
concrete, amalgamating therewith the post-pin herein before described.
I utilize the posts with concrete bases herein before described in combination with
the rails, palings, and capping in the manner herein before described.
The posts may be round, parallelogramic or of any other suitable transverse
section and ornamented to a suitable design, the parallelogramic section lends itself

page_text: best in the make up of the fence; I bore or otherwise provide transverse pin-hole-
in or through the posts, I next provide a central groove on each side-face of the
post, I next provide grooved top-capping to cover the top ends of the palings o
laths, next provide my improved rails, the novelty of which consists in forming a
pin on each end of the rail suitable to fit into the transverse pin-hole provided in
the post.
In the construction of my invention I in some cases provide only two rails, one
for the front face and one for the back face of palings.
In putting the parts together I prefer to make up convenient lengths. The
palings are laid horizontal on a bench or elsewhere, one paling lapping over the
edge of the next, the first rail is. then placed and nailed, screwed, or otherwise
fastened to the palings at both ends, or to each paling, the grooved capping is then
put over the top ends, the frame of palings is then turned over and a second rail
secured to the back face opposite and lineable with the rail secured to front
side.
In other cases I provide two sets of rails or three, four, or more sets, in
accordance with the height of fencing, I build up a quantity of paling frames in
the manner herein before described, in accordance with the extent of ground to be
fenced in.
In putting up my improved fencing the concrete bases would be disconnected
from the posts, a row of the concrete bases would then be sunk in the ground at
regular intervals, the ends projecting from the ground by preference some six or
eight inches, each base would present its projecting post-pin ready to receive the
bottom end of a post, a wood post could then be passed on to the post pin and
secured thereto by means of a linch pin or other equivalent fastenments as described
in first modification, a frame of palings would then be connected to the first post,
the edge of first paling passing into the vertical groove provided to receive it in
post, and the pin end of rails passing into the holes provided in the side face of
post to receive them, a second post would then be lowered on to its base post-pin
and the other end of set of palings passed into their seat holes, thus supporting the
frame of palings between the two posts; any length of fencing can be put together
by connecting additional sets of palings between the posts; the pin-ends of the
rails are secured in their seat holes by means of wood-pins, nails, screws, or other
such like fastenings driven through the outside of the post, thence through the rail
pin ends into the other side of post.
By a second modification, I dispense with the grooved top rail, such second
modification being suitable in the make up of short fencing from two feet six inches
high.
о
By a third modification I make the posts with ordinary butt ends dispensing with
the concrete base parts, but forming the posts with the grooves and pin holes as
described in first modification.
By a fourth modification I utilize my improved paling-posts, pinned or socketed
to concrete bases, but mortice such improved posts in any of the ordinary ways
now in general use and fill in the spaces between my improved posts with horizontal
rails, passing into the side mortices of posts in any of the ways now in general use,
the palings being nailed or otherwise secured to the rails; by this fourth
modification I can put up any quantity of fencing to any old or new design
incorporating and combining the old rails and palings with my new and improved
paling posts.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which my invention is constructed and used.
Figure 1. represents sectional elevation of concrete base with hook shaped
post-pin.
Figure 2. represents plan of Figure 1.
Figure 3. represents sectional elevation of concrete base with forked post-pin.
Figure 4. represents plan, of Figure 3.
Figure 5. represents broken cottar-end of post-pin with cottar in position.

page_text: Figure 6. represents sectional elevation of concrete base with wedge shaped
spurred post-pin.
Figure 7. represents plan of Figure 6.
Figure 8. represents sectional elevation of concrete base with post pin secured at
bottom.
Figure 9. represents plan of Figure 8.
Figure 10. represents cottar.
Figure 11. represents split cottar used in Figure 12.
Figure 12. represents sectional elevation of concrete base within which is con-
solidated a tube forming a shoe for post.
Figure 13. represents detail view of improved fencing post secured to concrete.
base.
Figure 14. represents an enlarged detail showing the recessed base provided to.
receive washer and nut end of post-pin.
Figure 15. represents side view of Figure 13.
Figure 16. represents a plan of Figure 15.
Figure 17. represents a plan of bottom end of Figure 15.
Figure 18. represents the front view of first modification, one post being
connected to concrete base, the base of other post having an ordinary wood base.
Figure 19. represents plan of Figure 18 with cap removed.
Figure 20. represents a broken section on the line A. B. of Figure 24.
Figure 21. represents one batten removed and broken off.
Figure 22. represents an end view of Figure 18.
Figure 23. represents an end view of capping.
Figure 24. represents an enlarged broken view of the post shown at Figure 22.
Figure 25. represents a front view of second modification.
Figure 26. represents front view of fourth modification.
Figure 27. represents an end view of Figure 25.
Figure 28. represents an end view of Figure 26.
I provide a concrete base moulded out of an admixture of broken scrap coke
held together by means of cement, such admixture is light in weight and would
not much exceed the weight of an equal quantity of hard wood.
I prefer in some cases to make my concrete blocks in the shape of a sugar loaf
namely conical but not terminating with an apex: in other cases I make the
concrete block of square transverse sections, as shown at a Figures 1 & 2; in
other cases I make the concrete block round as shown at a Figures 3 & 4 ; in
other cases I make the block of any polygonal section such as shown at a²
Figures 6 & 7; in other cases I make the block of the section shown at a Figures 8
& 9. I prefer to make the blocks_tapering upwards from the under side; the
amount of taper may vary in accordance with the strength of the wood that is
locked to the base, and in accordance with the nature of the soil where the posts
and fencing are to be fixed..
In some cases I provide a post-pin the bottom end of which is in the form of
a double hook as shown at Figure 1; in other cases I provide a post-pin the
bottom end of which is forked as shown at Figure 3; in other cases I provide a
post-pin the bottom end of which is triangled and spurred as shown at Figure 6 ;
in other cases I provide a straight, headed pin, round, square, or of other suit-
able transverse section, as shown at Figure 8, which can be slipped up from the
bottom of block, the head & taking against a washer; in other cases I provide and
utilize a concrete base in the bottom of which is formed a chamber c, in such
cases I can use a straight bolt as shown at d Figures 13, 14, & 15.
I next provide a post e of suitable transverse section and bore a central hole
up its bottom end and also a transverse cottar hole f of suitable dimensions; the
post e is connected to the concrete base by passing the hole in the bottom of post e
over either of the post-pins protruding from concrete blocks as shown at
Figures 1, 3, 6, 8, 13, 14, 15, 18 & 22, and then driving the linch pin through
the transverse slot in post side thence through the slot provided in the post pin

page_text: (each modification of post-pin being provided with a slot g) and thence into owner
side of post.
By the utilization of either of my concrete bases shown and described for the
main posts of-posts and railing-the main post outside the ground can be more
readily prepared into any suitable shape by means of machine tools, and where it
is now necessary to use oak or other expensive non-perishable woods, a cheaper
wood can be used above the ground, connected and consolidated with the concrete
base as herein before described.
Instead of using a solid post-pin I in some cases prefer to use a tube slotted in
a manner equivalent to the post-pins shown at Figures 1, 3, 6, 8, 13, 14 & 15 in
other cases I connect and consolidate the bottom end of the tube within the
concrete as clearly shown at Figure 11, such tube being pierced with openings
to enable the concrete to more readily and securely grip such tube; the projecting
upper part being of sufficient internal dimensions to grip the end of post e, the
upper part of tube forming a shoe to receive the said post; the shoe part j can
be secured to the post e by means of a split cottar the cottar can be opened at
the end and so secured from jolting out; I can use bolts or other equivalent
transverse fastenments in lieu of the cottar k.
In some cases I utilize any of the materials generally used in the making of
concrete, amalgamating therewith the post-pin hereinbefore described.
I utilize the improved posts with concrete bases hereinbefore described in
combination with the rails, palings, and capping in the manner hereinbefore
described.
The posts may be round, parallelogramic or of any other suitable transverse
section and ornamented to a suitable design, the parallelogramic section shown at e
Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20 & 24, lends itself best in the make up of the
fence; I bore or otherwise provide transverse pin holes m in or through the posts,
I next provide a central groove n on each side face of the posts, I next provide
grooved top-capping as shown at Figure 23 to cover the top ends of the palings
or laths, I next provide my improved rails o the novelty of which consists in
forming a pin pon each end of the rail suitable to fit into the transverse pin
holés m provided in the posts.
In the construction of my invention I in some cases provide only two rails, one
for the front face, and one for the back face of palings.
In putting the parts together I prefer to make up convenient lengths. The
palings are laid horizontal on a bench or elsewhere, one paling lapping over the
edge of the next, the first rail is then placed and nailed, screwed, or otherwise
fastened to the palings at both ends or to each paling, the grooved capping is
then put over the top ends, the frame of palings is then turned over and a
second rail secured to the back face opposite and linable with the rail secured to
front side.
In other cases I provide two sets of rails, or three sets of rails as shown at
Figure 18, or four or more sets, in accordance with the height of fencing, I build
up a quantity of paling frames in the manner hereinbefore described in accordance
with the extent of ground to be fenced in.
In putting up my improved fencing the concrete bases would in some cases be
disconnected from the posts, a row of the concrete bases would then be sunk in the
ground at regular intervals, the ends projecting from the ground by preference
some six or eight inches, each base would present its projecting post-pin ready to
receive the bottom end of the post, a wood post could then be passed on to the
post-pin and secured thereto by means of a linch-pin or other equivalent fastenment
as described in first modification, a frame of palings would then be connected to
the first post, the edge of first paling passing into the vertical groove n provided
to receive it in post, and the pin-ends p of rails passing into the holes m provided
in the side-face of post to receive them, a second post would then be lowered on to
its base post-pin and the other end of set of palings passed into their seat-holes,
thus supporting the frame of palings between two posts; any length of fencing can

page_text: be put together by connecting additional sets of palings between the posts; the
pin-ends p of the rails o are secured in their seat holes by means of wood pins nails,
screws, or other such like fastenings driven through the outside of post, thence
through the rail-pin ends into the other side of post.
By a second modification, I dispense with the grooved top rail as shown at
Figures 25 & 27, such second modification being suitable in the make up of short
fencing from 2 ft. 6 inches high.
By a third modification I make the posts with ordinary butt ends as shown
at e e, dispensing with the concrete base parts but forming the posts with the
grooves and pin holes as described in first modification.
By a fourth modification I utilize my improved paling posts pinned or socketed
to concrete bases, as shown at Figures 26 & 28, but mortice such improved posts
in any of the ordinary ways now in general use and fill in the spaces between my
improved post with horizontal rails, passing into the side mortices of posts in any
of the ways now in general use the palings being nailed or otherwise secured to the
rails; by this fourth modification I can put up any quantity of fencing to any old
or new design incorporating and combining the old rails and palings with my new
and inproved paling posts.
Although I say in the first modification that the concrete blocks can be put into the
ground first and the posts connected to such concrete blocks afterwards, nevertheless I
prefer in some cases to connect the concrete bases to the wood posts so as to form a
post and base that can be moved about in one piece in the ordinary manner, and
in such cases the posts and base would be set up or planted in the ground in the
manner that ordinary wood posts are planted to receive rails and palings, the
recessed block shown at Figures 13, 14, 15, 16 & 17, is the base specially suited
for permanently securing to posts.
In the drawings illustrating my invention I at each of the Figures 18 & 25
show two classes of improved posts but I do not purpose using one compound post
and one continuous wood post alternately, in the make up of fencing (although 1
can do so, if desired). I should by preference erect a fence with the whole of the
posts provided with concrete bases or with the whole of the posts having ordinary
wood bases of any suitable or desired shape.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be perforined I declare that what I
claim is,
1st. The making of a post for use in the formation of fencing and railings,
by the combination of a concrete base with a wood upper part by means of a
post-pin and cottars, as illustrated and described in relation to Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8 & 9.
2nd. The making of a post for use in the formation of fencing and railing, by
the combination of a concrete base with a wood upper part by means of the post-
pins and cottars, as illustrated and described in relation to Figures 13, 14, 15,
16, & 17.
3rd. The making of a post for use in the formation of fencing and railing, by the
5 combination of a concrete base with a wood upper part by means of the tubular
shoe, as illustrated and described in relation to Figures 11 & 12.
4th. The making of fencing and railings by the combination of vertical concrete-
butted posts, with pin-ended rails aud laths, the pin-ends of the rails taking into
transverse pin-holes provided in the posts, and the laths being gripped between the
pin-ended rails and capping, as illustrated and described in relation to Figures 18.
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, & 27.
5th. The making of short fencing and railings as illustrated and described in the
second modification in relation to Figures 25 & 27.
6th. The making of post, for use in the construction of fencing and railing, the
post and base being formed out of one piece of wood, and the post provided

page_text: with grooves and pin-holes, as illustrated and described in relation to third
modification.
7th. The making of posts and railings by the combination of improved
compound, concrete-based posts, with ordinary rails and palings, as illustrated and
described in relation to fourth modification.
*ECOT HORTAT TO
вия си парт
Witness-
JOHN PARKER.
ALFRED W. TURNER,
Patent Agent,
Cobden Buildings, Corporation Street, Birmingham.

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 7th Mar., 1894-Accepted. 21st Apr., 1894
Improvements in Posts.
1 JOHN PARKER of 111 Conybere Street Birmingham in the County of
Warwick do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention consists in the improvements hereinafter set forth whereby posts
are made out of several parts secured together into one piece so as to produce
improved posts suitable for use as telegraph posts, signal posts, gate-posts, line-
posts, and other posts.
I provide a round post, or a post of any other suitable transverse section and
secure thereto a concrete base as hereinafter set forth.
I mould the concrete base out of an admixture of broken scrap coke held
together by means of cement, I utilize any suitable cement such as Portland
cement, or lime, silicate and sharp sand, that is to say I claim the right to use any
substance that when mixed together with water will form a creamy paste amal-
gamating with the broken coke producing when dry a solid stone like substance; in
the make of my concrete base, the novel use of coke produces an improved
concrete, light in weight and of stone like structure.
up
I provide a post pin which may be a straight piece of iron round, square, or_of
other suitable transverse section the upper part of post pin would be pierced
transversely with a slot and the lower part of such post-pin would be notched,
serrated, forked, triangled, or otherwise shaped so as to offer surfaces suitable to
lock within the concrete block. I prefer in some cases to make my concrete
blocks in the shape of a sugar loaf, namely, conical but not terminating with an
apex, in other cases I make the concrete base block of square, rhomboidal, polygonal,
or other suitable horizontal shape and such shape may be continuous, the block
being the same size at the bottom as at the top, but I prefer to make the bottom
side of each block larger than its top side, producing tapered blocks irrespective
of the horizontal configuration of such blocks.
I next provide a round post, or a post of any other transverse section and bore
a central hole up its bottom end a suitable distance and also a transverse cotter
hole of suitable dimensions.
The post is connected to the concrete base-block by passing the central hole
in post over the post-pin protruding from concrete and then driving a linch pin
through the transverse slot in one side of post, thence through the slot in post pin
and thence into slot at other side of post incorporating the wood post with the
concrete base.
My improved posts made in the manner herein before described can be used for
signal posts, telegraph posts, gate posts, line-posts, or for other purposes where
separate posts are used fixed into the earth.
By the utilization of my concrete bases for posts, the main posts outside the
ground can be more readily prepared into any suitable shape by means of machine
tools and where it is now necessary to use oak or other expensive non-perishable
woods, a cheaper wood can be used above the ground, connected and consolidated
with the concrete base as hereinbefore described.
Instead of using a solid post pin I in some cases prefer to use a tube slotted in
the same manner as the post pin, in other cases I connect and consolidate the
bottom end of a tube within the concrete the projecting upper end being of
sufficient internal dimensions to grip the post to which it can be secured as a shoe
by means of cotters, bolts or other equivalent mechanical fastenments.

page_text: In some cases I utilize any of the materials generally used in the making of
concrete, amalgamating therewith the post pin hereinbefore described.
Dated this 7th day of June 1893.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Posts.
I JOHN PARKER of 111 Conybere Street Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Joinery Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in the improvements hereinafter set forth whereby posts
are made out of several parts secured together into one piece so as to produce
improved posts suitable for use as telegraph posts, signal posts, gate posts, line
posts, and other posts.
I provide a round post, or a post of any other suitable transverse section and
secure thereto a concrete base as hereinafter set forth.
I mould the concrete base out of an admixture of broken scrap, coke held
together by means of cement, I utilize any suitable cement such as Portland
cement, or lime, silicate, and sharp sand, that is to say I claim the right to use
any substance that when mixed together with water will form a creamy paste
amalgamating with the broken coke producing when dry a solid stone like
substance; in the make up of my concrete base, the novel use of coke produces
an improved concrete, light in weight and of stone like structure.
I provide a post pin which may be a straight piece of iron, round, square, or
of other suitable transverse section, the upper part of post-pin would be pierced
transversely with a slot and the lower part of such post pin would be notched,
serrated, forked, triangled, or otherwise shaped so as to offer surfaces suitable to
lock within the concrete block. I prefer in some cases to make my concrete
blocks in the shape of a sugar loaf, namely conical, but not terminating with an
apex, in other cases I make the concrete base block of square, rhomboidal, polygonal,
or other suitable horizontal shape and such may be continuous, the block being
the same size at the bottom as at the top, but I prefer to make the bottom side
of each block larger than its top side, irrespective of the horizontal configuration
of such blocks.
I next provide a round post, or a post of any other transverse section and bore
a central hole up its bottom-end a suitable distance and also a transverse cottar
hole of suitable dimensions.
The post is connected to the concrete base-block by passing the central hole
in post over the post-pin protruding from concrete and then driving a linch piu
through the transverse slot in one side of post, thence through the slot in post pin
and thence into slot at other side of post, incorporating the wood post with the
concrete base.
My improved posts made in the manner herein before described can be used for
signal posts, telegraph posts gate posts, line posts, or for other purposes where
separate posts are fixed into the earth.
By the utilization of my concrete bases for posts, the main posts outside the
ground can be more readily prepared into any suitable shape by means of machine
tools and where it is now necessary to use oak or other expensive non-perishable
woods, a cheaper wood can be used above the ground, connected and consolidated
with the concrete base as hereinbefore described.
Instead of using a solid post pin 1 in some cases prefer to use a tube, slotted in
the same manner as the post pin; in other cases 1 connect and consolidate the

page_text: sufficient internal dimensions to grip the post, to which it can be secured as a shoe
by means of cottars, bolts or other equivalent mechanical fastenments.
In some cases 1 utilize any of the materials generally used in the making of
concrete, amalgamating therewith the post-pin hereinbefore described.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which my invention is constructed and used.
Figure 1. represents sectional elevation of concrete base with hook shaped post-pin.
Figure 2. represents plan of Figure 1.
Fi
igure 3. represents sectional elevation of concrete base with forked post-pin.
Fi
igure 4. represents a plan of Figure 3.
Figure 5. represents broken cottar-end of post-pin with cottar in position.
Figure 6. represents sectional elevation of concrete base with wedge shaped
spurred post-pin.
Figure 7. represents plan of Figure 6.
Figure 8. represents sectional elevation of concrete base with post-pin secured at
bottom.
Figure 9. represents plan of Figure 8.
Figure 10. represents cottar.
Figure 11. represents a telegraph-post connected to recessed concrete base.
Figure 12. represents enlarged section of concrete base and end of post shown
at Figure 11.
Figure 13. represents split cottar used in Figure 14.
Figure 14. represents sectional elevation of concrete base within which is
consolidated a tube forming a shoe for post.
Figure 15. represents plan of Figure 12.
Figure 16. represents plan of bottom end of Figure 12.
Figure 17. represents telegraph-post connected to concrete base by means of a
hooked pin.
Figure 18. represents broken view of telegraph post end shewing cottar dotted
through.
Figure 19. represents a signal-post connected to concrete base by means of hooked
pin and cottar.
Figure 20. represents a line-post connected to concrete base by means of hooked
pin and cottar.
Figure 21. represents a pair of gate-posts, each connected to a concrete base by
means of a hooked pin and cottar.
In carrying out my invention I provide a concrete base moulded out of an
admixture of broken scrap coke held together by means of cement, and this mixture
is new and original, for use as the base of a telegraph-post, a signal-post, a gate-
post, a line-post, or a post used for other such like purposes; the admixture
composing the concrete is light in weight and would not much exceed the weight
of an equal quantity of hard wood; posts made with concrete bases can be fixed
in wet soil and would be imperishable in contradistinction to using the continuous
end of a post in wet soil, where it would in time rot and decay.
I prefer in some cases to make my concrete blocks in the shape of a sugar loaf,
nainely conical, but not terminating with an apex; in other cases I make the
concrete block of square transverse section as shewn at Figures 1, 2, 17, 19,
20 & 21; in other cases I make concrete blocks as shewn at a¹ Figures 3 & 4; in
other cases I make the blocks of any polygonal section such as shewn at a Figures 6.
& 7; in other cases I make the blocks of the section shewn at a³ Figures 8 & 9. I
prefer to make blocks tapering upwards from the under side, the amount of taper
may vary in accordance with the strength of the wood that is locked to the base,
and in accordance with the nature of the soil, where telegraph-posts, signal-posts,
line-posts, gate-posts, or other such like posts are to be fixed.
In some cases I provide a post-pin, the bottom end of which is in the form of a
double hook as shewn at Figures 1-17-19-20-and 21. In other cases I

page_text: in
provide a post-pin the bottom end of which is forked as shewn at Figure 3;
other cases I provide a post-pin the bottom end of which is triangled and spurred,
as shewn at Figure 6; in other cases I provide a straight, headed-pin, round, square,
or of other suitable transverse section, as shewn at Figure 8, which can be slipped
up from the bottom of block, the head taking against the washer.
In other cases I provide and utilize a concrete base in the bottom of which is
formed a chamber c, in such cases use a straight bolt as shewn at d Figure 12
. I next provide a telegraph-post e or a signal-post for a line-post g or a gate-post h,
of suitable transverse section and bore a central hole up its bottom end and also a
transverse cottar hole of suitable dimensions, the posts e, f, g, or h would be con-
nected to the concrete base by passing the hole in the bottom of the post over a
post-pin protruding from the concrete block; either of the post-pins shewn at
Figures 1, 3, 6, or 8 would be applicable: The post would be secured to the post-
pin by means of the linch-pin which would be driven through the transverse slot in
post side, thence through the slot j provided in the post-pin and thence into the
other side of post.
By the utilization of either of my concrete bases in combination with a telegraph-
post, a signal-post, a line-post, a gate-post or other such like post the main part of
the post outside the ground, can be more readily prepared into any suitable shape
by means of machine-tools, and where it is now necessary to use oak or other
expensive non-perishable woods, a cheaper wood can be used above ground,
connected and consolidated with the concrete base as herein before described.
Instead of using a solid post-pin I in some cases prefer to use a tube slotted in
a manner equivalent to the post-pins shewn at Figures 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12.
In other cases I provide one large tube as shewn at Figure 14, I connect and
consolidate the bottom end of tube k, within the concrete base, as clearly shewn at
Figure 14, such tube k being pierced with openings to enable the concrete to more
readily and securely grip the tube, the. projecting upper part of tube k being of
sufficient internal dimensions to grip the end of telegraph-post, signal-post, line-
post, gate-post or other such like posts; the broken off end of post as shewn at
Figure 14 represents the end of either of the posts herein before described, entering
the shoe-end of tube, k, the shoe end of shoe k can be secured to the post by means
of a split cottar as shewn at Figure 13, the cottar can be opened at the end in and
spread into two parts as shewn at Figure 13.
I can use bolts or other equivalent fastenments in lieu of the cottar.
In some cases I utilize any of the materials generally used in the making of
concrete as materials from which to make the bases of my improved posts, in lieu
of using broken coke.
The making of posts by the formation of the base-block out of a separate part,
as herein before described is a new manufacture irrespective of the nature of the
concrete combined with shank-ends of posts, and although I have mentioned
telegraph-posts, signal-posts, line-posts and gate-posts, nevertheless my invention is
suitable for use in the make up of other posts where the application of my improve-
ments will produce a post-novel and useful.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
.claim is
1st. The making of telegraph-posts, signal-posts, line-posts gate-posts and other
such like separate posts,-by the combination of a concrete base with a wood upper-
part, by means of a post-pin and cottar, as illustrated and described in relation to
Figures 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 17, 19, 20 and 21.
2nd. The making of telegraph-posts, signal-posts, line-posts, gate-posts, and other
posts by means of removable post-pins and cottars, as illustrated and described
in relation to Figures 11 and 12.
3rd. The making of telegraph-posta, signal-posts, line-posts, gate-posts, and other
posts by means of tubular post-pins and cottars.

page_text: 4th. The making of telegraph-posts, signal-posts, line-posts, gate-posts, and other
posts by means of a tubular shoe of any suitable transverse section as illustrated.
and described in relation to Figures 13 and 14.
JOHN PARKER.
Dated this own day of March 1894.
Witness:
ALFRED WM. TURNER,
Patent Agent,
Cobden Buildings, Corporation Street, Birmingham.