AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PREPARING IRON, TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Brown, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PREPARING IRON,
TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL."
Scaled the 14th October 1870, and dated the 3rd August 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd August 1870.
I, GEORGE BROWN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
3 declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS
OF PREPARING IRON TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," to be as
follows:-
"
"
The object of my Invention is to provide a substitute for the iron
known as spiegel eisen commonly used in the manufacture of steel,
by reason of the quantity of manganese which it contains. Attempts
have been made to combine manganese with ordinary English or foreign
iron in crucibles and puddling furnaces, but such processes have always

page_text: been found either too costly or ineffective. I propose to attain this
object by charging a cupola or analogous furnace with manganese and
iron mixed with more or less coke, charcoal, or other carbonaceous
matter, placing the manganese between the coke or other fuel and the
metal, so that this latter in melting passes (rich with carbon) through the
manganese and becomes gradually and regularly impregnated therewith,
issuing from the furnace with the appearance and possessing the properties
of "spiegel eisen."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance. of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 31st January 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
BROWN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in. the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Brown, Her special licence that
I, the said George Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said George Brown, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PREPARING
IRON TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," upon the condition
"(amongst others) that I, the said George Brown, my exccutors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Brown, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The object of my Invention is to provide a substitute for the iron
known as **
spiegel eisen," commonly used in the manufacture of steel
by reason of the quantity of manganese which it contains. Attempts
have been made to combine manganese with ordinary English or
foreign iron in crucibles and puddling furnaces, but such processes have
always been found either too costly or ineffective. I attain this object
by charging a cupola or analogous furnace with manganese, and iron
mixed with more or less coke, charcoal, or other carbonaceous matter,
placing the manganese between the coke or other fuel and the metal,
so that this latter in melting passes rich with carbon through the
manganese and becomes gradually and regularly impregnated therewith,
issuing from the furnace with the appearance and possessing the
properties of "spiegel eisen."
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be under-
stood, that I claim as the Invention secured to me as aforesaid, the
process of combining manganese with ordinary iron by charging the iron
with carbon and causing it to pass in this state gradually through
manganese substantially as herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
H. E. ROBINSON,
Merchant's Clerk,
Sheffield.
GEORGE BROWN.
(L.S.)