IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR COATING OR ENAMELLING SURFACES WITH Å DELICATION OF HEAT
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Milner Allen, of High Bank, Fulham, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR COATING OR ENAMELLING SURFACES WITH
Å DELICATION OF HEAT."
Suname
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Milner Allen at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th November 1871.
I, JOHN MILNER ALLEN, of High Bank, Fulham, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR COATING OR ENAMELLING
SURFACES WITH VITREOUS, RESINOUS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE APPLICATION
OP HEAT," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists mainly in coating surfaces with vitreous,
resinous, or other substances by causing such substances when in
the form of powder to be propelled by currents produced by a series of

page_text: blow pipe jets on to the surface to be coated, while at the same time
the heat of such blow pipe jets effects the melting of the vitreous or
other substance and the heating of the surface to be covered, so as to
produce a uniform and adhering enamel or coating of the melted
substance on such surface. For this purpose I employ an apparatus
consisting, firstly, of a tube or chamber, into which air under pressure
is conducted through a flexible or jointed pipe connected to a bellows
or other suitable known apparatus for forcing air; and secondly, of
another tube or chamber into which combustible gas is conducted
through a flexible or jointed pipe connected to a gas supply pipe or
reservoir for combustible gases. Both tubes or chambers are provided with
nozzles for the issue of the gas and air, which nozzles are by preference
so arranged that the air nozzles pass centrally through the gas nozzles
to near the orifices thereof. This I effect either by placing the air tube
within the gas tube, or by preference I fix the air tube at the back of
the gas tube, the nozzles of the former being made to pass through the
gas tube and into the nozzles thereof. Above the blow pipe jets a box
or trough is secured to the apparatus containing the pulverized vitreous
or other substance for forming the enamel or coating, and the powder
in being allowed to issue through suitable apertures from the box is
caught up by the ignited jets and carried forward thereby against the
surface upon which it is to be deposited and fused. In order to cause
the powder to fall in a constant and uniform stream from the box I
prefer to provide the same with a fixed perforated bottom, above or
below which is a moveable perforated bottom to which a slight to-and-fro
motion is imparted by means of a lever actuated by the hand of the
operator, or any known contrivance may be employed for insuring a
constant supply of the powder from the box, such as a revolving brush
inside the box. Two or more rows of such before-described blow pipe
jets may be arranged one above the other in the apparatus, either all
communicating with one and the same pair of gas and air chambers
or with several pairs of gas and air chambers or tubes fixed together.
When the apparatus is of moderate dimensions it may be carried in
the hand and moved along in front of the surface to be enamelled or
coated, and when of large dimensions the apparatus may be moved
along on wheels and be raised or lowered by a rack and pinion, or by
other suitable known contrivances.
I also employ the before-described apparatus for fusing the enamel

page_text: when applied to the surface in the ordinary way, that is to say, when
the vitreous or other substance has previously been applied to the surface
in the form of a liquid or paste. In this case the powder box is dis-
pensed with, and the blow pipe jets are simply directed against the
coated surface so as to fuse the enamel thereon. In enamelling or
coating the interior of pipe by these means I first fill the pipe with
the liquid enamel so as to ensure that the entire surface thereof shall
be coated, and after running off the superfluous liquid enamel I
introduce into the interior of the pipe the blow pipe apparatus, which
in this case I prefer to arrange with the air tube fixed centrally within
the gas tube, and with several rows of blow pipe jets projecting there-
from in radial directions. In this case either the blow pipe apparatus
may be moved round and along through the pipe or the blow pipe
apparatus may be fixed, and the pipe be moved round and along over
the same, so as to bring every part of the coating thereof under the
action of the blow pipe jets.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Milner Allen in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th May 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MILNER ALLEN, of High Bank, Fulham, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in
the thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Milner Allen, Her special
licence that I, the said John Milner Allen, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Milner Allen, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: and the powder in being allowed to issue through suitable apertures
from the box is caught up by the ignited jets and carried forward
thereby against the surface upon which it is to be deposited and fused.
In order to cause the powder to fall in a constant and uniform stream
from the box, I prefer to provide the same with a fixed perforated
bottom, above or below which is a moveable perforated bottom, to which
a slight to-and-fro motion is imparted by means of a lever actuated by
the hand of the operator, or any known contrivance may be employed
for insuring a constant supply of the powder from the box, such as a
revolving brush inside the box. Two or more rows of such before-
described blow pipe jets may be arranged one above the other in the
apparatus, either all communicating with one and the same pair of gas
and air chambers or with several pairs of gas and air chambers or tubes

page_text: Figure 1 represents a perspective back view shewing an arrangement
of the gas and air pipes and nozzles for producing two tiers of blow
pipe flames, which may be directed on a surface covered with liquid or
paste enamel; Fig. 2 represents a section through one of the nozzles.
A, A, are the gas pipes, and B the air pipes; A³ is one of the gas nozzles,
and B' one of the air nozzles, which extends through the gas pipe A and
partly into the gas nozzle A¹. The pipes A, A, and B, B, may be jointed
together in any convenient manner; Fig. 1 shews a mode of jointing
them when ordinary T's, elbows, and bends are used, the air branches
being connected at C, C, by pieces of caoutchouc tubing.
Fig. 3 represents a perspective front view, and Fig 4 a perspective
end view of a set of nozzles, with a box or trough for supplying, coating,
or enamelling material in powder. A is the gas pipe, and B the air pipe;
A¹ the gas nozzles with air nozzles B' arranged as in Fig. 2. D is the
box or trough for containing the powder, part of the end of which is
supposed to be removed in order to shew the interior. It is supported
by brackets E, which are provided with slotted holes and thumb nuts,
by which the height of the trough above the nozzles can be adjusted.
The trough is made with a perforated or gauge bottom F, through the
holes or meshes of which the powder falls towards the surface G which
is to be enamelled. In its fall it is caught by the blow pipe flames
issuing from the several nozzles and spread over the surface, where it is
fused by the heat of the flames.
To facilitate and equalize the passage of the powder through the
bottom of the trough a shaker H is placed inside the trough. This
shaker is conveniently made of perforated metal or wire gauze curved
downwards at its edges, as shewn at H in Fig. 4, forming an inner
moveable bottom to the trough. The stem to which this bottom is
attached extends through the end of the trough and is provided with a
spring and a button H³, so that a vibratory movement can be given to
it by the finger of the operator applied intermittedly to the button H',
the spring causing it to return when the pressure of the finger is
relieved.
Instead of this shaker a revolving brush may be employed or other å

page_text: known contrivance suitable for distributing and equalizing the stream
of powder issuing from the trough.
Although in the Drawing I have shewn the apparatus applied to the
coating of a flat surface, the nozzles and connecting pipes might be
arranged to suit surfaces of other forms, such as the faces of girders of
T or L section, or curved concave or convex surfaces, as may be readily
understood.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim,-
-
First. The mode, substantially as herein described, of coating surfaces
with fusible material, by causing such material in a powdered condition
to be spread and fused over the surface by blow pipe flames directed
over the surfaces.
Second. The arrangement of a trough for supplying powdered material
for coating in combination with a series of blow pipe nozzles, sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purposes herein described.
Third. The arrangement of gas and air pipes so as to supply one or
more tiers of blow pipe nozzles, substantially as herein described.
Fourth. The use for coating surfaces with fusible material of blow
pipe nozzles constructed and acting substantially as described with
reference to Fig. 2.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Milner Allen, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
JOHN MILNER ALLEN. (L.S.)