IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELED CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Mulliner, of Northampton, in the County
of Northampton, Carriage Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELED CARRIAGES."
Sealed the 9th October 1869, and dated the 16th April 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Mulliner at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th April 1869.
I, FRANCIS MULLINER, of Northampton, in the County of North-
ampton, Carriage Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain arrangements in the construction
of wheeled carriages in which perches connecting the front and hind
parts thereof are employed, and is effected by fixing two elliptic springs
or parts of elliptic springs (commonly called "side springs") to each
other, and placing them longitudinally on either side of the carriage in
connection with the perch. The springs or parts of springs are placed

page_text: one above the other, so that the lower spring bears the effect of any
concussion caused by the carriage passing over any obstacle or inequality
of surface, whilst the upper spring protects the body of the carriage
from the shock which it would otherwise receive.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Francis Mulliner in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th October 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
MULLINER, of Northampton, in the County of Northampton, Carriage
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Francis Mulliner, Her special licence that I,
the said Francis Mulliner, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Francis Mulliner, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OI WHEELED CARRIAGES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Francis Mulliner, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Mulliner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists in certain arrangements in the construction

page_text: of wheeled carriages in which perches connecting the front and hind
parts are employed, and is effected by fixing two elliptic springs
or parts of elliptic springs (commonly called "side springs") to each
other, and placing them longitudinally on either side of the carriage in
connection with the perch. The springs or parts of springs are placed
one above the other, so that the lower spring bears the effect of any
concussion caused by the carriage passing over any obstacle or inequality
of surface, whilst the upper spring protects the body of the carriage
from the shock which it would otherwise receive.
By means of these arrangements great ease of motion is imparted to
the carriages to which they are applied, thus affording comfort to the
persons using them.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which it is to be performed, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and
therefore claim as constituting the Invention secured to me by the said
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the combination and
arrangement of parts and mechanism as and for the purposes herein-
before described and set forth, or any mere modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Mulliner, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Fourteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
FRAS. MULLINER. (L.S.)