IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING AND RIFLING THE BARRELS OF FIRE- ARMS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Adams, of King William Street, in the
City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
BORING AND RIFLING THE BARRELS OF FIRE- ARMS."
Sealed the 5th December 1854, and dated the 14th September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Adams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
September 1854.
I, ROBERT ADAMS, of King William Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR BORING AND RIFLING THE BARRELS OF FIRE-ARMS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the boring and rifling the barrels of fire-arms. For
the purpose of boring barrels, a self-acting lathe is used, having applied thereto
a hollow boring tool, arranged in such manner that by means of a small force
pump (put in motion by the lathe), or by a head of water above the machine,
water is caused to flow through the boring tool or cutter, by which the boring
of a barrel is rendered continuous, the cutting tool not requiring to be drawn
back from time to time, as heretofore, the flow of water removing the cuttings
as they are produced from the barrel. The barrel is rifled by a self-acting
machine which stops itself, or its cutter ceases to act as soon as the extent of

page_text: cut has been accomplished. The machine is most conveniently arranged when
working the cutting tool vertically, though that is not essential; and the
cutting tool is moved through and through the barrel by a rotatory and crank
action, which is capable of adjustment for the length of barrel which is being
rifled. The cutting or rifling tool is carried by a hollow rod, and the cutting 5
tool is progressively caused to protrude more and more by an incline on the
end of an internal rod, which is moved by means of a ratchet wheel and
driver, actuated by coming in contact with an adjustable stop; and when the
cutting tool has been protruded to the desired extent and the cut made
thereby, a finger is touched by the working of the machine, which by a lever
throws off the driving strap, and the machine stops; or the extent cut
may be
determined by an index, connected with the ratchet and driver, which is
thrown out of action when the proper depth of cut is made; and if it is desired
to cut grooves deeper at one end than the other, or so as to render the bore
taper, then I cause the cutting tool to be gradually withdrawn into its tube
during its passage through the barrel, the ratchet apparatus which actuates the
incline to pass out the cutter being so governed as to allow the cutter to be
gradually withdrawn in its passage through the barrel. The rifling tool is
governed by a bar or guide, which may vary in form according to the extent
or character of rifling it is desired to produce. This bar or guide is capable
of adjustment at its ends so as to cause it to assume the desired position and
angle, and from this bar rotary motion is communicated to the boring or
rifling cutter or tool by means of a curved rack on the holder of the cutting
tool, and on the instrument acted on by the bar or guide; or rotary motion
may be given to the cutting tool by a transverse sliding rack, carried by the
carriage or slide which moves the cutting tool to and fro, taking into a toothed
pinion on the axis of the cutting tool, motion being given to the rack by a
projection which is guided and governed in its movement by the inclined bar
or guide. The machinery is also capable of adjustment, so as to vary the
number of grooves cut, by employing two plates with slits or notches on their
peripheries, which are fixed on the hollow axis of the cutting tool, and which
may be so adjusted as to present any desired number of slots to the action of
the clutch or driver, which causes the cutting tool to rotate after being with-
drawn, in order that the cutters may be changed from one groove to another
in succession, the clutch or driver on the cutting tool being retained in con-
nection with the slotted plates by a spring, until thrown out by coming in
contact with a stop on a lever, when it arrives at the extent of its movement
outwards, and again falling into gear in its rotation, when it arrives over or
pposite another slot or notch in the plate.

page_text: In place of the ordinary cutting tool with a serrated surface for rifling the
barrels of fire-arms, I employ a tool with a chisel edge, which ploughs its
way through the barrel, the cuttings as they are made being received in a
hollow formed in the rod which carries the cutting tool, and the cuttings are
discharged after each cut at the end of the barrel, the cutting edge being
withdrawn as it returns to take a fresh cut.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Adams in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th March 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
ADAMS, of King William Street, in the City of London, send greeting.
•
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Robert Adams, Her special licence that I, the said Robert Adams,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Robert Adams, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR BORING AND RIFLING THE BARRELS OF FIRE-ARMS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Adams, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Adams, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to the boring and rifling the barrels of fire-arms
For the purpose of boring barrels a self-acting lathe is used, having applie

page_text: thereto a hollow boring tool, arranged in such manner that by means of a small
force pump (put in motion by the lathe), or by a head of water above the
machine, water is caused to flow through the boring tool or cutter, by which
the boring of a barrel is rendered continuous, the cutting tool not requiring
to be drawn back from time to time, as heretofore, the flow of water removing
the cuttings as they are produced from the barrel. The barrel is rifled by a
self-acting machine which stops itself, or its cutter ceases to act as soon as
the extent of cut has been accomplished. The machine is most conveniently
arranged when working the cutting tool vertically (though that is not essential),
and the cutting tool is moved through and through the barrel by a rotatory
and crank action, which is capable of adjustment for the length of barrel
which is being rifled. The cutting or rifling tool is carried by a hollow rod,
and the cutting tool is progressively caused to protrude more and more by an
incline on the end of an internal rod, which is moved by means of a ratchet
wheel and driver, actuated by coming in contact with an adjustable stop; and
when the cutting tool has been protruded to the desired extent and the cut
made thereby, a finger is touched by the working of the machine, which by a
lever throws off the driving strap, and the machine stops; or the extent of cut
may be determined by an index, connected with the ratchet and driver, which
is thrown out of action when the proper depth of cut is made; and if it is
desired to cut grooves deeper at one end than the other, or so as to render the
bore taper, then I cause the cutting tool to be gradually withdrawn into its tube
during its passage through the barrel, the ratchet apparatus which actuates the
incline to pass out the cutter being so governed as to allow the cutter to be
gradually withdrawn in its passage through the barrel. The rifling tool is
governed by a bar or guide, which may vary in form according to the extent
or character of rifling it is desired to produce. This bar or guide is capable
of adjustment at its ends, so as to cause it to assume the desired position and
angle, and from this bar rotary motion is communicated to the boring or
rifling cutter or tool by means of a curved rack on the holder of the cutting
tool, and on the instrument acted on by the bar or guide; or rotary motion
may be given to the cutting tool by a transverse sliding rack, carried by the
carriage or slide which moves the cutting tool to and fro, taking into a toothed
pinion on the axis of the cutting tool, motion being given to the rack by a
projection, which is guided and governed in its movement by the inclined bar
or guide. The machinery is also capable of adjustment, so as to vary the
number of grooves cut, by employing two plates with slits or notches on their
peripheries, which are fixed on the hollow axis of the cutting tool, and which
may be so adjusted as to present any desired number of slots to the action of

page_text: the
the cutting tool to rotate after being with-
drawn, in order that the cutters may be changed from one groove to another
in succession, the clutch or driver on the cutting tool being retained in con-
nection with the slotted plates by a spring, until thrown out by coming in
5 contact with a stop on a lever, when it arrives at the extent of its movement
outwards, and again falling into gear in its rotation when it arrives over or
opposite another slot or notch in the plate. In place of the ordinary cutting
tool with a serrated surface for rifling the barrels of fire-arms, I employ a
tool with a chisel edge, which ploughs its way through the barrel, the cuttings
0 as they are made being received in a hollow formed in the rod which carries
the cutting tool, and the cuttings are discharged after each cut at the end of
the barrel, the cutting edge being withdrawn as it returns to take a fresh cut.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation of a boring lathe having my improvements
applied thereto, some of the parts being in section; and Figures 2 and 3 show
the two end elevations of the lathe, to which, so far as the general arrange-
ment thereof, I make no claim, it being for the most part similar to what has
before been constructed and used. This part of my Invention consists of
improvements applied to a boring lathe, for the purpose of causing a supply
of water through the boring tool, by which the boring tool is enabled to go on
cutting continuously, and not require to be moved back from time to time, the
water bringing out or removing the cuttings. a is a revolver pistol barrel placed
in the lathe, the muzzle end being received into a hollow core, as shown. The
barrel is caused to turn whilst the cutting tool is fixed, but is constantly moved
up to the pistol to make its cut. b is the cutter, which has a hollow stem, and
is fixed into the socket c. This socket is constantly pressed up by the point d
of the lathe; the socket is held and prevented turning on the point, as is well
understood. e, e, is a jointed tube, by which water is conveyed from the force
pump f to the hollow socket, and consequently to the hollow stem of the cutter
and through the hollow cutter back through the bore in the barrel a, togethe
with the cuttings, and they fall into the vessel g, from which the water flow
by the pipe h to the cistern i, from which the force pump takes its supply
water. The force pump is worked by the crank pin j on the axis of the cog
wheel k, which receives motion from the lathe by means of the pinion 7. Th
crank pin ; works in the slot m of the pump rod, as shewn. I would remarl
hat in place of the water being supplied by a pump, it is evident that it mig

page_text: be supplied from an elevated cistern or vessel; but it is preferred to use a force
pump, as the same water is thereby more conveniently used over and over
again.
I will now proceed to describe that part of my Invention which relates to
rifling barrels.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS B.
g
Figure 1 is a front view of a machine arranged and combined according
to this part of my Invention; Figure 2 is a side elevation; Figure 3 is a side
The other Drawings show detached views of
elevation, partly in section.
various parts separately and combined, and as the nature of these views is
written on the Drawings, and as the parts are marked with the same letters
of reference as are used for the like parts in Figures 1, 2, and 3, it will not
be necessary to repeat the same here. a, a, is the framing of the machine;
b is the main or driving shaft or axis, having its bearings at 6', 6'. Motion is
communicated to this shaft or axis by a strap or band on the drum c, and such
strap is, when required, moved on to the loose pulley c¹ by the fork d. On
the axis 6 is a fly-wheel e and a crank f, the pin of which is capable of being
adjusted and fixed nearer to or further from the centre of the shaft or axis.
is a connecting rod, which gives motion to the plate h, which carries the rifling
tool or cutter and parts working therewith. This plate is guided by the bevilled
edges h¹ formed on the framing. The arrangement of the parts shown are for
rifling the barrels of pistols, but machinery may (as will be readily understood)
be made of larger dimensions for rifling longer barrels of fire-arms. i is the
cutter, which is shown to be formed with inclined teeth, as shown, full size, in
detail; but in some cases a simple chisel edge cutter is used. This cutter
passes out through an opening in the tube , and the cutter is made capable
of being moved by a wedge formed on the end of the rod i², such wedge being
made with dovetail sides, so as to move in the dovetail groove formed at the
back of the cutter i. On the rod is formed a cylindrical part ³, in which
there is a longitudinal groove, into which the fixed piece i enters, and pre-
vents the rod turning within the tube, which carries the cutter and rod. The
tube is made in two parts, and they are connected and held together by the
screw it. The tube i is contained in and carried by an outer tube i", which is
supported by and turns in bearings i, affixed to the plate h, as shown; hence
it will be seen that in the rising up and down of the plate h, the cutter
apparatus will be carried up and down with it; and the apparatus is so
arranged that the cutter is progressively moved outwards, in order to cut
more and more deeply, and the tube which carries the cutter is in its

page_text: up
groove
5 carries the cutter.
and down motion caused to rotate in the proper manner to cause the
which is cut thereby to incline in a direction around the central
axis of the barrel, and such inclination is capable of being varied by diffe-
rently adjusting the instrument, which causes the rotation of the tube which
The setting out of the cutter is caused to take place each
time the plate h descends to its lowest position, the cutter in this machine being
arranged to cut in its upward motion; but this might, if desired, be varied;
and such setting out of the cutter is performed as follows:-* is a wheel
on the hollow axis ; through the hollow axis the pin 10 passes, and this pin
forms the axis of the click or driver i". The hollow axis i forms the outer end
of the lever 212, the other end of which rotates on a raised cylindrical bear-
ing ¹³, formed on the plate ¹, which is fixed by the standard 15 to the plate 216,
which is fixed by a key or otherwise to the upper part of the outer tube of the
cutter apparatus; and the lever is retained on its cylindrical bearing or axis by
a screw nut ¹7, ou a screwed upper portion of the bearing, as shown. 18 is a
ratchet wheel, which turns on the upper end of the inner cutter tube, as
shown. In the centre of the ratchet wheel is keyed a screw nut 19; hence
when the ratchet wheel is turned, the screw nut causes the rod (on the upper
part of which is a screw) to be moved down, and the cutter protruded out-
wards, and thus will the cut be deeper and deeper each time the cutter
ascends. The click or driver is caused to take more or less teeth of the
ratchet wheel each time it descends, according as the inclined plate y is
adjusted, as will readily be traced on examining the Drawings; and there is
also a screw 20, further to adjust the range of the click or driver, which moves
round the ratchet wheel. is a spring, which, pressing on the surface of the
ratchet wheel, prevents that wheel being moved without being driven. The
machine is stopped by means of the lifter 2, which turns on a raised or pro-
jecting axis on the lever which carries the click or driver; and there is a
spring 2, which has at all times a tendency to force this lifter round, so as to
keep the driver above the teeth in the ratchet wheel, but it is prevented doing
so, so long as the top of the rod comes in the way of the stop. The
position of this stop is adjusted by the screw in the following manner:-26
is a pointer, which is fixed to the cylinder 7, part of which is cut away to
receive stop 12. The upper and lower end of the cylinder is formed with a
female screw; hence the cylinder and consequently the stop can be raised
or lowered, and the pointer on the cylinder will indicate by a scale the position
of the stop. On the interior of the cylinder is placed a spring, which, acting
on the stop, will allow the stop to be moved round when the cut has been
221
7
2
7

page_text: completed, and the rod i raised to its highest position; and when the stop
has been moved past the rod 2, it will, by the spring, assume its proper
position. The machine is stopped by the upper part of the click or driver,
when it is lifted out from the teeth of the ratchet wheel, coming against the
projection 19 on the lever 200, which, by the connecting rod 1 acting on the
lever, and lifts the end out of the notch in the sliding bar 33, which carries
the fork which moves the straps from the fast to the loose drum on the main
axis. j is a "revolver" pistol barrel, held in position to be rifled at the upper
end; it enters a hollow cone k', the position of which can be adjusted by the
screw and nut l. The lower or breech end rests on a block of wood
m, which
is placed on the support n, on the upper part of which support is formed or
fixed a cup, as is shewn, to catch the cuttings and oil. k² is an oil cup at
upper part of the stop k. The support n is formed with a female screw at its
lower end to receive the adjusting screw o.
On the end of the screw o is a
wheel to turn that screw. The support n slides within the socket p, the
position of which is capable of adjustment by the screw and nut q, and the
support n is retained in position (when it has been adjusted) by means of
the screw r. The machine, in addition to being stopped, as above described,
by its own action, is also capable of being put out of motion by hand by
the hand levers, as shown. When one cut has been made, the machine is
adjusted to cut the next groove in the following manner:-On the upper part
of the cutter tube is fixed the disc t, having thereon three handles t¹, to
move it and the cutter tube round. The arrangement shown is for making
three grooves; the disc t is therefore formed with three notches t2, as shown,
and the disc, (and consequently the parts connected therewith,) is held in
position by the catch or dog t³, which has a tendency to spring in at all times
by the spring th
In order to give the cutter tube and cutter a partial rotation when passing
through the barrel which is being rifled, there are three toothed pinions v, fixed
on the outer tube of the cutter apparatus, and there is a lever u, carrying three s
curved racks u¹, one of which racks is moveable and adjustable by screws u²;
ence the racks will at all times work well and correctly with the toothed
inions u. The lever u is made in two parts, one sliding within the other; the
liding part has a hollow socket at its end w³, through which the inclined bar
passes; and it will be seen that this bar w is made capable of adjustment, 3.
may be caused to be fixed at a greater or less inclination; and according
>the fixing of this inclined bar, so will be the quantity of rotation given to
e cutter apparatus.
nd

page_text: Figure 1 is a side elevation on
the same.
machine so arranged and combined,
according to this part of my Invention, that the barrels whilst undergoing the
operation of rifling are held in an horizontal position; Figure 2 is a plan of
In the other Drawings are shewn detached views of some of the
parts separately and in combination, the nature of such being written on the
Drawings; and the same letters of reference being employed to indicate like
parts in Figures 1 and 2, it will not be necessary in this place to particularize
the same. a, a, is the framing of the machine; b is the driving shaft or axis, to
which motion is communicated by a band over the fast drum or pulley c, and
such band is, when desired, moved on to the loose pulley c', by moving the
fork c², carried by the slide c³, such movement of the fork being effected by
sliding the rod c', which gives motion to the lever c³, fixed on the axis c; the
motion thus communicated to the axis c being transferred to the slide c³ by
the lever c', fixed on the axis c, and connecting rod c. The axis of the
cutting tool is supported by the bearings d', d', fixed or formed on the sliding
carriage d, which is guided correctly by projections therefrom entering V shaped
grooves a¹ formed in the framing. The sliding carriage d is caused to reci-
procate, so as to carry the cutting tool e backward and forward through the
gun barrelf by means of the crank pin d' on the cog-wheel d', to which
motion is communicated by the pinion 6 on the driving shaft b. d* is a
connecting rod from the crank pin d² to the stud d' on the quadrant &, the
axis de of which turns in suitable bearings attached to the framing of the
machine; the reciprocating motion thus communicated to the quadrant d³ is
transferred to the carriage d by means of the chains d', ds, passing over the
pullies d¹³, d¹, and attached at one of their ends respectively at the ends do, do,
of the arc of the quadrant, and at their other ends to the carriage d at the
points d", d. ds is a rack capable of sliding in the dovetailed groove formed
by the pieces d", fastened to the carriage d, and the revolution of the cutting
tool at the same time that it is moving to and fro is accomplished by a
projection d¹, fixed or formed on the sliding rack d's, resting on the grooved
bar g, there being a slot dis in the framing of the carriage d, so as to allow of
the movement of the projection de, from the sliding rack d. The grooved
bar g is fixed across at an angle to the centre line of the cutting tool, as shewn
in the Drawing, and is capable of adjustment by means of the slots a² in
regard to such angle, so as to vary the amount of revolution given to the

page_text: cutting tool e, and consequently the amount of rifling produced in the barrel;
and it will be evident that by varying the form of the grooved bar g, so as to
form a portion of an accelerating curve in place of being straight, as shown
in the Drawing, a corresponding amount of acceleration would be given to
the rifle groove produced in the barrel. The motion of the sliding rack dis
is communicated to the cutting tool by means of the pinion e¹, the teeth
both of the pinion and rack being in two sets, so arranged that the teeth
of one set come opposite to the spaces of the other set, thus avoiding
as far as possible the evil arising from "back lash" on the reverse move-
ment of the carriage taking place. The changing of the cutters from
one rifle groove to the next at the completion of each stroke, and while the
cutters are out of the barrel, is accomplished by the following means:-
The axis e², on which is fixed the pinion e', is hollow (see Sheet 3), the
axis e³ forming a continuation of the cutting tool passing through it, and
the only connection between the axes e² and e³ is by means of the spring
catch e sliding in the piece e, fixed on the end of the axis e, taking into one
of the slots e' in the plates e, e, attached to the hollow axis e²; and it will be
seen, that by breaking that connection, by pressing on the trigger e* when the
cutters are out of the barrel, the cutters may be revolved, so as to cause them
on their return into the barrel to enter other grooves. The catch e' is released
from the slotted plates es, es, by the screw h (see Sheets 1 and 2) in the
lever h¹, which is caused to press on the trigger e*, when the end h** of the
lever h², suspended on the carriage d, comes in contact with the stop or pro-
jection h³, fixed to the framing. The slot h' in the lever h² gives motion to
sliding bar h³ by a pin he fixed to the sliding bar h, from which the lever h¹
receives its motion. The lever h² is so arranged in respect to the stop h³, that
it is held only for a short period, the further motion of the carriage d causing
the end of the lever h² to rise over the stop h³, the lever h² in its return move-
ment not being affected by the projection h³ by reason of the moveable piece h
on the end of the lever h² (see Sheet 7). Immediately after the axes e and e
have been detached from one another, and before the catch is again released, a
portion of a revolution, greater or less, according to the number of
produced in the barrel, is given to the axis e³. The machine, as shewn, is set
so as to make three grooves; this revolution will therefore be in this case one-
third of a complete revolution, and such revolution is caused by the truck or
roller on the lever (turning on the axis on the sliding carriage d)
coming in contact with the stop or projection i, fixed to the framing of the
machine. The lever i, by means of the spring driver i', gives motion to the
grooves

page_text: re-arms.
the tooth wheel, which turns on the
axis 2. The toothed wheel i gives motion, by means of the pinion, to
the axis 8, which, by the bevilled wheel 2 taking into the bevilled wheel
on the axis e', communicates the requisite partial rotation to the cutters. The
5 spring catch e falls into another slot in the plates e, e, at the end of such
partial rotation; the stop 210 acts on the lever so as to cause the driver i to
pass over some teeth in the ratchet wheel, and thus be placed in a suitable
position to be acted on by the stop i. The plates e, e, have a number of
notches e (see Sheet 5) formed in them, as shewn in the separate views thereof
10 in the Drawings. The plate e is fastened on the hollow axis e, and the
plate e is attached to the plate e, so that by loosening the nuts e¹ the plate e
may be moved round, and be again made fast by the nuts. Each of the
notches e' is one of a certain number of equal divisions, and such divisions in
the plates are so arranged that when any one of the numbered slots in the
5 plate e is brought round to the numbered slot in the plate e', a certain number
of notches equidistant one from the other will be opened to receive the spring
catch e', and all the other notches will be closed, thus admitting of the number
of grooves
made by the machine in barrels being varied. The machine is
shewn to be working with three cutters e" having serrated surfaces, but this
be varied, and the cutter shewn at Figures 3 and 4 (see Sheet 6) may
be employed, the cutter in this instance having a chisel edge, which ploughs
its way through the barrel.
may
The projecting out of the cutters so as to cause them to groove the barrel
deeper and deeper is accomplished by the cone or wedged-shaped end of the
rod e¹ (see Sheet 3) being moved step by step so as to wedge the cutters 20
outwards from the cutting tool e. The rod e¹2 passes through the centre of the
cutting tool e, and is attached to the circular rack e¹³ by the key e, there being
a slot e¹³ in the axis es to admit of the movement given to the rack e¹s by the
toothed quadrant m (see Sheet 4). The quadrant moves on a centre m¹6
attached to the framing of the carriage, which motion of the quadrant is
obtained by the screw m¹. On the axis of the screw m' is fixed the ratchet
wheel m², which is moved round by the spring driver m³, carried by the
lever m², to which motion is communicated from the axis m³ (see Sheets 1
and 2) by the lever ms and connecting rod m². Motion is given to the
axis m³ by the lever me* (see Sheets 1 and 2), fixed or formed thereon,
coming in contact with the stop or projection m³, fixed to the framing of the
machine.
The cutting is arrested at any desired depth by the stud or projection m

page_text: on the sliding piece m¹¹ (see Sheet 4) being borne down by the spring m" on
to the part m* of the spring driver m³, so as to lift the driver out of the teeth
of the ratchet wheel m². The sliding piece m" and stud m10 are supported
until the cut is of sufficient depth by the piece m¹³, resting on the surface m¹²,
formed on the quadrant m. The amount of movement given to the quadrant
at each stroke of the carriage is regulated by moving the stop m³ (see Sheets 1
and 2), by means of the handle m", the stop being retained in any position by
a projection from the handle entering one of the notches m* in the bracket
m15. e¹ is a portion of a screw thread (see Sheets 1 and 2) cut into the axis e²,
and when it is desired to make the rifle grooves deeper at one end than the
other, the projection n' on the lever n (see Sheet 7) must be moved into the
thread e, which will cause the lever n to move during the revolution of
the axis, and by the connecting rod n² it will give motion to the lever m¹,
which is attached to the bearing of the screw m' of the quadrant m, and
consequently will move the quadrant, so as gradually to cause it by the rod e¹²
to project or withdraw the cutter of the cutting tool during its passage through
the barrel. The lever n when not in use is fastened to the framing of the
carriage by a screw passing through the lever at n³ (see Sheet 7). When the
chisel-edged cutting tool is employed, the cut is made from the end farthest
from where the cutter is projected by the stop m³ (see Sheets 1 and 2), and s
consequently it has to be withdrawn again until it arrives in a suitable position
to cut. This is accomplished by the stops o, o, which must be moved when in
operation into the positions indicated by the red lines in Figure 1; these stops
act on the sliding frame o' at each end of the stroke, so as, by means of the
connecting rod o² and toothed quadrant o³, to give movement to the pinion n
(see Sheet 6), which has an excentric n³ fixed or formed thereon, working
within the boss of the lever n', so as to act on the lever m¹ and quadrant m,
and consequently on the rifling tool, so as to withdraw it at one end and project
it at the other end of the stroke.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to
the mechanical parts separately, of which either of the machines is composed,
nor do I confine myself to the precise details as herein described so long
as the peculiar character of my improvements be retained; but what I
claim is,-
First, the improvements herein described in respect to Drawings A, whereby
the cutter used for boring the barrels of fire-arms is supplied with water, and
the cuttings removed by the water from the interior of the barrels.

page_text: Secondly, I claim the combination of machinery for rifling the barrels of fire-
arms described in respect to Drawings B.
And, thirdly, I claim the combination of machinery for rifling the barrels of
fire-arms described in respect to Drawings C.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Adams, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
ROBERT ADAMS. (L.S.)
Witness, basa ang sin odi
WILLIAM TONGUE. (a) vol edt
naiolost of