Improvements in the Manufacture of Glass Bottles and the like, and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 8th July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 9th May, 1892-Accepted, 2nd July, 1892
PROVISIONAL OF MUTTIVATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Glass Bottles and the like, and
in Apparatus therefor.
i
I, BARNARD ALFRED SPAULL, of St. Mary's Chambers, St. Mary Axe, in the
County of London, Bottle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of glass bottles and other glass hollow-
ware.
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According to my invention I employ a funnel shaped vessel which term a
marver into which the glass to be blown is placed, the said marver being adapted
to be rotated to produce a similar action upon the glass to that produced when
rolling the glass upon an ordinary marver.
In carrying out my invention the marver which is made in two parts adapted to
be separated in order to remove the parison therefrom is carried by a cylinder
designed to be rotated upon its longitudinal axis and also mounted upon trunnions
so that it may be moved from a vértical to a horizontal position. Between the
marver and the cylinder the neck mould is placed, and through the said cylinder
extends the tube through which the air for blowing the glass is led, which tube
extends into proximity to the funnel shaped part of the marver and has or carries
at its end a plug provided with a spiral or inclined face. This plug has a central
hole or is otherwise formed to allow the passage of the air. In using the apparatus
bereinbefore described the axis of the marver and, its carrying cylinder are sub-
stantially in a vertical position so that, the said marver being arranged with the
contracted end downwards, the niolten glass enters the neck mould whereby the
neck is first formed. The cylinder and the marver are then turned so that their
axes are horizontal and at the same time as rotary motion is imparted to the marveṛ
the molten metal therein runs by gravity along the inclined sides of the said marver,
air entering at the same time through the blowing tube. When the parison is thus
formed in the marver the cylinder is turned upon its trunnions to bring the parison
carried by the neck mould over a stud the marver opening to allow this.
Whilst the parison is over this stud' it and the stud are embraced by a
the air pressure being then applied to finish the bottle:
mould,
ناز
In manufacturing some kinds of bottles, I may dispense with the mould herein-
before described by forming the interior of the marver to correspond with the shape
of the bottles to be produced.
::
In forming the parisons in the marver I sometimes employ a tool or instrument
for inserting into the marver against the surface of the revolving metal to make
the parison of perfect shape.
In practice I find it advantageous to arrange several moulding machines in con-
junction with a wheel rotating continuously upon a vertical axis, the said apparatus.
being operated by means of cams, cranks, levers, and the like at their proper
times during the rotation of the said wheel.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
.Improvements in the Manufacture of Glass Bottles and the like, and
in Apparatus therefor.
I, BARNARD ALFRED SPAULL, of St. Mary's Chambers, St. Mary Axe, in
the County of London, Bottle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and, by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of glass bottles and other glass hollow
ware.
According to my invention I employ a funnel-shaped vessel which I term, a
marver into which the glass to be blown is placed, the said marver being adapted
to be rotated to produce a somewhat similar action upon the glass to that produced
when rolling glass upon an ordinary marver.
My marver is preferably made in two parts adapted to be opened to enable the
parison" to be removed therefrom and is designed to be rotated upon its longi
tudinal axis. The marver is preferably mounted in such a manner that when
inoperative it stands in a substantially vertically position with its open end upper-
most, that it can be moved to a position approximately horizontal, and that it can
finally be moved to remove the parison from the marver. At the point where
the marver is opened to uncover the parison I advantageously arrange moulds
designed to take the parison from the marver and to hold it whilst the final
blowing and finishing of the bottle is effected. The mould is then opened and the
bottle removed.
==
will describe the same by
To enable my invention to be fully understood
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine embodying my improvements; and,
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same :
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section drawn to an enlarged scale through the marver
and the parts immediately in connection with it:
Figure 4 is a sectional view similar to Figure 3 but taken at right angles
thereto :
Figure 5 is a section drawn to the same scale as Figures 3 and 4 on the line 5 5,
Figure 2:
Figure 6 is a section on the lines 6 6, Figure 3:
Figures 7 to 12 are views illustrating details of the apparatus and hereinafter
described :
Figure 13 is a sectional elevation shewing the mould with its parts in their open
position and the marver in the position which it occupies immediately prior to
opening to release the parison:
Figures 14 and 15 are a plan and sectional end elevation of the same without
the marver:
Figure 16 is a section illustrating the operation of the apparatus.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.
a indicates a standard or frame carrying the working parts, and b indicates
the marver which is cylindrical and, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, is bored out
substantially parallel for part of its length and then narrowed or tapered to the
moulding for forming the mouth of the bottle.
The marver is divided longitudinally to form two parts 6', 6', each of which has
formed integral with it a projecting portion & having in it a slot 6 designed to
receive a square spindle This method of mounting the parts of the marver
upon their spindles permits of marvers of varying size being applied to the machine.
The two parts of the marver are fixed upon these spindles by nieans of pins 6º, 6º,
the said spindles serving as the pivots upon which the two parts of the marver turn
in opening and closing. The spindles &, are pivotted in bearings in a casting c
as shewn in Figure 6.

page_text: The casting c is rotatably mounted in a frame d pivotted on a shaft e carried in
bearings d', dat the upper extremity of the standard a. At the lower end of the
casting c is a bevel-wheel c which gears with a bevel-wheel upon the shaft e
so that when the said shaft is rotated, for instance, by means of a handle e¹ thereon
rotary motion will be imparted to the marver.
Upon the spindles b, bare worm-wheels b', b' which are in gear with a worm 68
between them. This worm derives its motion from a shaft carried in a bearing
upon the upper part of the standard a and adapted to be driven'through the medium
of a belt and pulley from any suitable motor. This shaft has upon its inner end
a bevel-wheel 610 which gears with a bevel-wheel running loosely upon the
shaft, and this bevel-wheel 6" in its turn gears with a third bevel-wheel b
attached to one end of a tubular shaft 63 having upon its other end a genr-
wbeel engaging with a pinion 6 loosely mounted upon the shaft b* of the
worms. This shaft also has loosely mounted upon it two bevel-wheels 61, 617,
the former of which is attached to the gear-wheel whilst the latter derives its
motion from the bevel-wheel through the intervention of the idle bevel-
wheel 618
In the adjacent faces of the whools 16, bare rings of clutch-teeth b
preferably of the shape shewn in Figure 3 and in Figure 7, (which is a section
drawn to an enlarged scale of the wheel 57) and between these two sets of clutch-
teeth and sliding upon the shaft of the worm 68 is.a clutch-box 60 connected to the
said shaft by a spline or feather. Each of the rings of teeth 6, 6 engages with
its wheel by a spline and has a spring arranged behind it to enable the ring of
teeth in engagement with the clutch-box to yield and thereby prevent the breakage
of the clutch-teeth in case the marver should be fully opened or fully closed before
the clutch-box is thrown out of gear as hereinafter described. With this arrange-
ment it is obvious that when the clutch-box is in engagement, with, say, the
clutch-teeth 19 of the wheel 18 the worm will be rotated in one direction and
when in engagement with the clutch-teeth 6 of the wheel & it will be rotated in
the opposite direction. The motion of the clutch box to effect its engagement
with one or the other set of clutch-teeth b is effected through the medium of a
bell-crank lever 61 operated as hereinafter described, and connected to a spring b*,
Figure 8, (which is an elevation at right angles to Figure 3 of the gearing and
connected parts by which the marver is opened and closed) which normally retains
the free arm of the said lever in one position.
3
In order that when the inarver is opened the parison shall be supported until
onclosed in the mould I provide two gripping pieces, f forming a kind of tongs
which are adapted at their free ends to form with the marver the neck moulding.
These gripping pieces are pivotted to the casting e at f, and are held in
their proper position during the formation of the parison by the contact of the
parts of the marver therewith, suitable recesses, being formed in the
said parts of the marver to receive the ends of the tongs, as shewn in Figure 4
and in Figure 9 which is a section on the line-9-9, Figure 3. Springs f³, cor
nected to the casting c and to the gripping pieces, serve to constantly press
the said gripping pieces towards each other. In order that the gripping pieces
shall retain their hold upon the parison during the time that the latter is being
free from the marver and enclosed by the mould, I provide the fork h which slides
through a suitable slot in the casting e and with its bifurcated end is adapted to
embrace the two parts of the tongs, as shewn in Figure 6. This fork is connected
to a lever ! pivotted at to a bracket upon the casting and is acted upon by
a spring h³ which normally tends to retain the fork in engagement with the tongs.
As herein before stated the frame d carrying the casting c is mounted upon tlie
shafte. In order to provide for moving tho said casting around the said shaft e
for the purpose of moving the marver to its various positions and for looking it in
these positions I provide the lever-handle i pivotted at to the frame d and con-
nected with a spring-catch designed to engage with one or the other of a series
of notches j, j in one of the bearings d' of the frame a, the position of the said

page_text: notches corresponding with the different positions in which it is required to place
the marver. The lever-handle i is connected with the spring-catch through the
medium of a pin on the latter entering a cam-slot in the said lever-handle, as
shewn in Figure 10, whicli is a view drawn to an enlarged scale of the anid handle
and part of the spring-catch. This cami-slot has its surface eccentric to the
pivot, as shewn in the said Figure 10 so that when the said lever is pulled the
first effect will be to raise the spring-catch out of engagement with the notch in
which it is then located and the next to pull round the frame d to the required
position.
As, during the time that the marver is being moved from the position shewn in
full lines in Figure 2 to the position shewn in dotted lines, it might be difficult for
the operator at the same time to impart rotary motion to the marver by the
handle e, I provide for causing the swinging movement of the marver around the
shaft e to cause the rotation of the marver. This I accomplish by forming upon
the bevel-wheel c ratchet-teeth with which a pawl A, Figure 2, pivotted to the
standard a is in engagement. This ratohet and pawl are arranged in such a manner
that when the marver is swung down as hereinbefore stated, the said shaft e with
the gear-wheel will be held stationary, whereby rotary motion will be imparted
to the marver owing to the engagement of the bevel-wheel with the bevel-
wheel.
When the marver is in the position indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 2,
that is to say, in such a position that the weight of the glass in the marver will
tond to elongate the parison, rotary motion can be imparted to the said marver
by means of the. handle, el in the same direction as that which is imparted to the
marver during its movement into this position, the pawl offering no resistance to.
this movement.
To prevent the parison from becoming too much elongated in the marver I
advantageously fix on one part thereof a plug e², Figures 3 and 4, forming a stop
or shoulder for the end of the parison, the said plug being made adjustable, for
instance, by screw-threading it, as shewn and being provided with a hole €³ for the
introduction of the glass into the marver.
In practice the air for blowing the glass in the marver is preferably introduced
when the latter is 'in the dotted position, Figure 2, and this air may be obtained
from a suitable reservoir and conveyed to. the marver through the tube sliding
within the hollow shaft . This.tube at its end adjacent to the marver carries
a nozzle adapted, when the tube is moved in the manner hereinafter described,
to enter into the mouth-forming portion of the marver so as to force out the
surplus glass from this neck portion and at the same time admit air to form the
parison.
In practice I find it advantageous to make this nozzle of a square section, as
shewn in Figures 11 and 12, which are respectively an elevation and plan of the
uozzle detached from the tube. The upper surface of this nozzle which comes into
direct contact with the glass is also advantageously formed spirally so that, as the
marver rotates, practically only the highest part of the said nozzle is in contact
with the glass, thereby affording a free space into which the air can enter when
starting to blow and preventing the admission of glass into the apertures through
which the air escapes.
The longitudinal movement.of the tube (necessary for forcing the nozzle into
the neck-moulding, portion of the marver) is effected by means of a cam shewn
most clearly in Figure 4, tho return movement of the said tube being effected by a
spring, Figure 3. The said cam is secured to a sleeve surrounding the shaft e
and secured against rotation by means of a pin in one of the bearings d'. Upon
the inner end of the tube is fixed a chamber having a flat bottom against which
the cam can act and provided with a stuffing-box sliding upon a tube connected
to a hollow ring 18 rotating in a corresponding box . This box is secured to
one of the bearings d', as shewn in Figure 3, and is connected directly with the
air-supply pipe 10 Permanent communication is effected between the fixed box l'

page_text: and the hollow ring rotating therein. by forming in one wall of the said ring a
slot or a series of slots". With this arrangement it will be understood that air
can be conveyed to the marver in whatever position the latter may be the hollow
ting providing for the rotary movements and the stuffing-box for the up and
down movements of the pipe under the action of the cam. In the air-pipe" is
placed a cock or valve operated by a lever under the control of the
operator; the said lever being acted upon by a spring (which normally retains
it closed.
m, m, Figures 13 to 16, indicate the two halves of the mould which are mounted
upon elides m', m³ adapted to be moved backwards and forwards upon a table m
carried by a bracket m³ upon the frame a by means of screws m², m³. The sorew m
is adapted to be directly operated by means of a crank-handle, me and the
screw (which has its thread cut at a reverse angle to that of the screw m²)
derives its motion from the said screw through the medium of the bevel-
wheels m², m, m³. The wheel m³ is internally screw-threaded and carries the
screw-threaded shaft of a stud or table m, designed to support the parison during
the time that the latter is relensed from the marver and while within the mould.
The pitch of the screw with which the said stud or table is provided is such that,
during the time that the mould is being closed by means of the screws m, m",
the stud will be raised to the desired position to form the bottom of the
bottle.
Suitable means are provided for preventing the rotation of the stud or table m
by the wheel m, for instance, the lower part of the screw which projects below
the said wheel is provided with a slot into which a pin passing through the
standard m" of the table enters. The said standard in" is provided with rack-
teeth with which a pinion n mounted in bearings upon the bracket m
engages for the purpose of enabling the said table to be raised or lowered as
required. m is a screw which serves to secure the table in any position in which
may be adjusted.
it
n indicates a bar having a standard adjustably mounted in a socket n³ con-
nected to one of the slides m' of a mould part so as to move therewith the bar n
having at one end a notch n³. n indicates a bar sliding in guides n³, no secured to
the casting cand having a projection n desigued, when the bar is reciprocated in
one or the other direction, to impinge against the free arm of the bell-crank
lever The said bar is provided on its underside with inclines n', n², nº, n
designed to impinge against inclined surfaces n°, nº, no,no in the guides no,
Springs n"," press the said bar against its guides and when the marver is in an
inverted position, as shewn in Figure 13, also support the same.
At one end of the bar is a lug n with which the notch n is designed to
engage.
In the operation of the machine the necessary quantity of molten metal for
forming, a bottle is placed in the marver when the latter is in its uppermost
position, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2, the said metal flowing into the lower portion
of the marver, as indicated at o, Figure 3. The marver is then moved to the
position indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 2, and during this movement the.
nozzle ou the air-tube is forced into the glass 'to the position indicated by
the dotted lines in Figure 3 by means of the cam 2. When in this position rotary
motion is imparted to the marver by means of the handle e and, at the same time,
air is admitted through the tube I by depressing the lever to open the air-supply
cock The parison having been thus far formed the marvor is moved to its
lowermost position in order to bring the parison directly over the stud m³, as shewn
in Figure 13, the said marver being revolved by the handle e into the position in
which its two parts can open in a direction at right angles to the movement of the
parts of the mould. When in this position the operator commences to movo the
mould parts towards each other, whereby the notch of the bar n is caused to
engage with the projection n" of the bar n' and thereby move the said bar a to
cause the projection n thereon to impinge against the free arm of the bell-crank

page_text: .
lever and move the clutch-box to engage with the clutch-teeth of the bevel-
wheel so as to cause the rotation of the shaft b* of the worm 6 to open the
marver. As the movement of the bar, n' continues the inclined surfaces n', n'
thereon come into contact with the inclines n³, upon the guides, whereby the
said bar is moved against the pressure of the springs ", " to cause the disengage-
ment of the projection. n from the notch n of the bar n. The inward movement
of the mould parts is then continued until the parison is embraced thereby. A
further quantity of air is now blown into the parison whereby the bottle is finished,
as shewn in Figure 16. The operator now rotates the handle moto open the mould
sufficiently to uncover the bottle which remains suspended from the tongs or
gripping pieces, and he then takes hold of the bottle by any suitable appliance
and at the same time pulls back the lever / by means of a projection * thereon
so as to disengage the fork from the gripping pieces, the bottle can then be dis-
engaged from the latter, the springs allowing the said tongs to yield
sufficiently for this purpose. The operator then moves back the mould parts still
further until the notch n again engages with the projection n2 and moves the
bar to cause the projection n to engage with the bell-crank lever " and the
engagement of the clutch-box with the teeth of the wheel 17, whereby the worm 6ª
closes the marver. A further backward movement of the moulds causes the
impingement of the inclines 8, of the bar against the inclines. no, no of the
guides thereof, whereby the said bar is moved to disengage its projection from
the notch n. This operation having been completed the operator moves the
handle to disengage the spring-catch from the notch j in which it is located
and again swings-the marver to its uppermost position ready for another operation.
In order to facilitate the swinging movements of the marver and the con-
nected parts I advantageously provide the framed with arms p, p carrying
balance weighta q, q.
>
As during the working of the machine considerable inconvenience might be
caused by the parts becoming heated I advantageously form the casting c.in two
parts separated by a sheet of insulating material such as asbestos, in order to
confine the heat as much as possible to the parts immediately adjacent to the
marver.
Although I have described my marver as being used in conjunction with moulds
it is to be understood that such moulds may be dispensed with, the bottle being
completely made in the marver itself. In this case I wholly or partially close the
.opening of the marver which is of the shape of the bottles required and shapo the
closing pieces or plug so as to form the bottom of the bottle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is -
1. In apparatus for the manufacture of glass bottles and the like the employ-
ment of a vessel which I term a marver adapted to be rotated, substantially as
described.
2. In a machine for the manufacture of glass bottles and the like provided with
a marver such as hereinbefore described, arranging the said marver so that it can
he swung into different positions, substantially in the manner described.
3. In a machine for the manufacture of glass bottles and the like the employ-
ment of what I term a marver formed in two parts pivotally mounted in order to
.enable the parison or bottle contained by the marver to be removed therefrom,
substantially as described.
4. In a machine for making glass bottles and the like the combination with a
marver constructed of two pivotted portions, of tongs adapted to support the
bottle when the marver is opened, substantially as described.
5. In a machine for making glass bottles and provided with a rotating marver as
hereinbefore described, means for blowing the glass contained by such marver,
substantially as set forth.

page_text: 6. The improvements in machines for the manufacture of glass bottles and the
like, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
2
Dated thie 9th dow of M.. 1900
'G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.