matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bottomley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1881.
JOSEPH BOTTOMLEY, of Buttershaw, near Bradford, in the County of York,
Spinner and Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."
The object of this Invention is to run a fast reed loom with a loose reed pick
and spring at a higher speed and with a much easier pick that hitherto.
I accomplish the above object by removing the swell that is hinged to the back
part of the shuttle box, and in its place introducing a loose reed spring, thus enabling
the force of the shuttle to act upon the picker. Mounted upon the picker guide rod
and behind the picker is a strap connected to the stop rod catch in such a manner
that when the picker is pushed back by the shuttle the stop rod catch is raised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SERVING MALLETS AND BOARDS USED BY RIGGERS AND SAILORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Griffiths at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1881.
WILLIAM GRIFFITHS, of Snowdon Street, Port-Madoc, in the County of
Carnarvon, Artist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SERVING MALLETS AND BOARDS USED
BY RIGGERS AND SAILORS."
This Invention relates to the "serving mallets" and "serving boards" used by
riggers and sailors for passing "service" on ropos; that is to say, for wrapping
spun yarn or other small stuff tightly round ropes as a protection from the weather
or for other purposes. Heretofore these tools have always required two men or a
man and a boy to use them, the one for turning the mallet or board round the
rope and the other for turning the ball of "service." Now according to my said
Invention I render the "mallet" or "board" self serving, thereby requiring only
one person to use it, for which purpose the ball is given on the top through the rod
or handle of the said "mallet" or "board," and turns along therewith so as to pay
off the yarn or "service as required, or the ball may be given at the centre or
round the handle itself. The said ball may be mounted in various ways so long as
it turns along with the "mallet" or "board;" for example, it may be mounted on a
spindle passed transversely through an open frame of any convenient shape attached
to or forming part of the handle, and situate at the top or near the middle thereof,
as preferred; or the spindle or axis of the ball may be disposed in the longitudinal
centre line of the handle in lieu of being situate transversely thereto. Suitable
passages and lateral openings are provided in the handle through which the yarn
passes round the "mallet " or " board" and the rope, as will be readily understood by
riggers and sailors. My improved self serving "mallet" and "board" may be
constructed either wholly of wood or metal, or of wood and metal combined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED COMB AND HAIR BRUSH
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Brierley, of Halifax, in the County of York,
and Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Patent Agent, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED COMB AND HAIR BRUSH." A communi-
cation from abroad by Jean Coutris, of Vienna.
Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Brierley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1881.
WALTER BRIERLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York, and Blackburn, in the
County of Lancaster, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED COMB AND
HAIR BRUSH." A communication from abroad by Jean Coutris, of Vienna.
This improved combined comb and brush performs the two operations at the
one time, in applying the comb to the skin and part in the hair, the brush
cleansing the skin.
The combined comb and brush according to this Invention comprises three parts,
the comb, the brush, an enclosing sheet of metal, which holds together the comb
and the brush.
The comb is after the manner of an ordinary pocket comb of the usual shape,
and any desired size or material, such as horn, tortoiseshell, bone, indian rubber, or
metal. The two teeth at the ends are a little stronger than the others. The
brush comprises a wooden holder through which oblique holes are bored, and
having tufts of hair and bristle. By the oblique direction of the holes the tufts of
hair and bristle are pressed against the teeth of the comb, and the points of the
bristles enter in the intervals or space between the teeth. The hairs and bristles
of each tuft have three graduated lengths, and each tuft is closely joined to the
neighbouring tuft. The combined comb and brush is enclosed by a sheet of metal

page_text: which covers all the wood parts, and partially the comb and the tufts of hair and
bristle. By the elasticity of the holder the comb is pressed against the brush; the
comb can easily be taken out of its holder and cleaned. The combined comb and
brush is not only applied for cleaning the hair, but also for oiling and colouring
the hair. The ordinary brush is fitted with strong bristles; if wanted to oil the 5
hair, with soft bristles; and if wanted for colouring the hair, with goat hairs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRING AND WORKING POTTERY AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Tooth and Alfred Wilson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1881.
HENRY TOOTH, of Middlesbrough, in the North Riding of the County of York,
and ALFRED WILSON, of Middlesbrough aforesaid. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRING
AND WORKING POTTERY AND OTHER FURNACES,"
This Invention relates to furnaces for treating pottery, and it must be understood
that the word pottery is hereinafter used to designate every description of clay
goods known in England as pottery and in France as faïence, also what is known
in England as china and in France as porcelaine.
The Invention also relates to furnaces for treating ornamental and other glass
and all kinds of enamelled ware, but not to furnaces for the manufacture of plate
and sheet glass; and the furnaces it relates to include all those which are used in
the different branches of the trade and stages of its manipulation during
manufacture, and the improvements have reference to the method of applying heat
in such furnaces.
The Invention divides itself into two parts. The first part of the Invention relates
to improved methods of heating. furnaces for burning or baking pottery, and the
second part of the Invention relates to improved methods of applying such heat so
as to more readily and economically accomplish the work of burning or baking the
goods. The leading general features of the Invention are alike as applied either
to ovens or kilus in which the ware is fired in seggars for any purpose, or to
muffles in which the ware is heated or fired for any purpose; or to other furnaces
used in the manufacture of pottery and the treatment of ornamental and other
glass and enamelled wares.
The first part of the Invention consists in firing such furnaces by gas combined
with forced or sucked jets of air, essentially on the well known system of the
blowpipe.
The second part of the Invention consists in placing the wares to be heated so
that the flame or heated gases from the furnace have access to them, and pass
amongst them instead of enclosing them in seggars and muffles as usually practised
for the purpose of preventing the flame and heated gases from the furnace as far as
possible from having access to them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AIDING THE PACKING OF SUGAR OR OTHER GRANULAR OR POWDERED MATERIALS IN CASKS OR OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Scott and Joseph Duncan
Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January
1881.
ALEXANDER SCOTT, the younger, and JOSEPH DUNCAN SCOTT, both of Greenock,
in the County of Renfrew, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
AIDING THE PACKING OF SUGAR OR OTHER GRANULAR OR POWDERED MATERIALS
IN CASKS OR OTHER RECEPTACLES."
This Invention relates to improved mechanical apparatus for packing sugar or
other granular or powdered materials in casks or other receptacles, and has for its
object to subject the packages to shaking, brought about by a series of falls,
horizontal movements, and side tilts or angular drops.
The following is a description of one modification of the apparatus. It consists
of an upper plate or table with a rim, and having on its underside four or other
suitable number of rollers or pulleys, and by means of corresponding levers connected
by links and vibrating upon horizontal axes the plate or table is raised into a level
position and allowed to drop. By means also of a wedge shaped piece on the
driving link or connecting rod between the crank pin and the levers aforesaid the
plate is raised at an angle and allowed to drop suddenly. Below the apparatus
hereinbefore described there is a bed box having plummer or bearing blocks at the
bottom thereof in which the four or other number of levers are carried; and at the
upper part of this box there is a recess in which blocks of wood or other material
are placed for the upper plate or tube to rest or fall upon. From the centre of the
upper plate there are fixed one, two, or more links, attached to the upper part of
the bed box, which allow the plate to rise and fall without going out of its place.
By means of this arrangement the aforesaid upper plate or table is raised and
allowed to drop twice for every time it is tilted or moved angularly.
Another modification is designed to produce besides the falls, horizontal move-
ments, and one tilt or drop on one side, an additional tilt or drop on the opposite
side. This may be effected in various ways, and a practical method of producing it
is by forming on the connecting rods a second wedge shaped hook which acts upon
and draws over a double armed lever out of contact with the underside of the

page_text: other end of the upper plate or table, or that it also is allowed to tilt or fall
angularly. By means of this arrangement the additional angular motion or tilting
is obtained.
The apparatus is designed so as to be stationary on the ground or overhead,
and it may also be portable so as to be moved about to different parts of the
packing department of the sugar refinery or other building, or such portable
mechanism may also be constructed with the side or angular tilting apparatus
omitted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNING DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES AND ELECTRO-DYNAMIC MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jameson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1881.
JOHN JAMESON, of Akenside Hill, in the Town and County of the Town of
Newcastle upon Tyne, Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNING
DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES AND ELECTRO-DYNAMIC MACHINES."
In carrying out my Invention I control and regulate the current produced by
dynamo electric machines by the use of a solenoid with a bar of soft iron and a
spring acting against the induced magnetism. I however employ the magnetic
effort or its reverse produced by change of current indirectly, so as to require the
smallest possible amount of such effort. This indirectness of application I
accomplish by an arrangement of quick running machinery driven by the prime
mover, either attached to the dynamo electric machine itself or to a countershaft
or otherwise, which machinery is furnished with such device as clutch nuts on
right and left hand screws or other suitable mechanical arrangement, as is well
understood, and which is thus capable of producing a quick and powerful
mechanical effort in either of two directions to which it may be applied; and to
the clutches or stops on this quick running machinery I apply by suitable con-
nection the magnetic effort or its reverse produced by the solenoid arrangement
before referred to, so as that little more than indication of direction shall be
required from such effort, and the power required to give effect to such indication
shall be derived from the prime mover, being in fact the mechanical effort before
referred to. I employ the mechanical effort thus produced to vary by suitable
mechanical arrangements and within certain limits the speed of the dynamo
electric machine inversely in proportion to the variation of the current I wish to
control, so as to make it approximately uniform. If I desire to control the current
in the main circuit of the machine I make the solenoid a part of that circuit. If I
desire to control the magnetism of the field magnets I place the solenoid in the
magnet circuit, and if I desire to control the electro motive force developed I short
circuit the machine from pole to polo by a very long and extremely thin circuit of
wire with or without the bad conductors of electricity to increase resistance, so as
to pass only a small current, and I place the controlling solenoid in this short

page_text: circuit. When it is desired to control both current and electro motive force, which
in a limited degree is possible, I use two solenoids.
My Invention of controlling arrangement of dynamo electric machine is also
applicable, mutates mutandis, to controlling electro dynamic machines, being
applicable in such machines to produce uniformity of motion in the power applied,
or it is applicable in dynamo electric machines to compensate to the extent of its
sensitiveness and efficiency for accidental variation in the speed of the prime
mover.
IMPROVE-> MENTS IN JOINT FASTENERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1881. A com-
munication from abroad by Thomson Hankey Alexander and Augustus
Archibald Nicholson, both of Washington, District of Columbia, United States
of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE->
MENTS IN JOINT FASTENERS." A communication from abroad by Thomson
Hankey Alexander and Augustus Archibald Nicholson, both of Washington,
District of Columbia, United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to provide means whereby bevel joints may be
quickly, economically, and effectively secured, and to this end it consists in a
suitably shaped strip of spring or malleable metal sharpened or pointed at one end,
then bent at a right angle to be driven in one of the parts forming the joint, while
its opposite end is bent to about the angle at which the joint is formed, and
provided with an oblong hole through which a screw is inserted into the other
piece forming the joint. I prefer to make the strip from which the joint fastener is
formed triangular, the sharpest point of the triangle being bent round and driven
into one of the two pieces joined together, while the opposite side (the shortest
side) is provided with an oblong hole to receive a screw for attaching the other of
the two pieces which form the joint.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID.
Year: 1881

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Theodor Richters at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1881.
THEODOR RICHTERS, of Breslau, in the Empire of Germany.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID.'
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to the manufacture of sulphuric acid in the ordinary well
understood way, and it has for its objects improvements in the method of such
manufacture, by which, without enlargement of the leaden chamber in which the
process is carried on, an increased production of sulphuric acid is obtained.
The accompanying Drawing, which is in illustration of my Invention, shews
the general arrangement of apparatus. A is an injector of any of the ordinary
well known kinds; B is the leaden chamber in which the sulphuric acid is made;
C, the pipe through which the gas is admitted to the chamber; D, the steam pipe
to the injector A.
The injector A draws through the suction pipe F the heavier gas, which conse-
quently occupies the lower part of the chamber B, and discharges it through
the delivery pipe G into the perforated box or other device E by which it is
distributed.
By this means the upper and lighter gas in the chamber becomes intimately
mixed with the lower and heavier gas, and in this way, by the more active reaction
of the gas without enlargement of the leaden chamber, a great increase in the
production of sulphuric acid is obtained.
In place of the injector A other apparatus for producing the same result may
be used.
Having now described my Invention and the manner in which it is to be
performed, I claim,―
The process, substantially as described and shewn, by which, without enlarge-
ment of the leaden chamber, the production of sulphuric acid is increased by

page_text: drawing and circulating the gas, and in this way intimately mixing the more
weighty with the less weighty gas.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theodor Richters, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord 1881.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING PURPOSES, ALSO PARTLY APPLICABLE AS A LAMP
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Jackson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1881.
ROBERT JACKSON, of Leeds, in the County of York. "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING PURPOSES, ALSO PARTLY APPLICABLE AS A
LAMP."
The object of my Invention is to provide a cheap and easy method of heating
the cans of workmen (and others containing drinks or food) in or out of doors,
where other conveniences are not at hand, and also making the same applicable as
a lamp or lantern when required.
I construct the can or vessel with a space or cavity at its bottom sufficiently
large to hold a small lamp; the cavity is provided with apertures large enough and
suitable for the admittance of air and exit of smoke, the said part containing the
lamp may at one side have a reflector, and opposite the reflector a glass or bull's
eye, and so may be used as a lamp when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WORKING WOOD, METALS, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1881. A communication
from abroad by Messieurs Challiot Grateot, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
WORKING WOOD, METALS, AND OTHER MATERIALS." [A communication from
abroad by Messieurs Challiot Grateot, of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
+
This Invention relates to machine tools for boring, dressing, countersinking,
planing, mortising, sawing, and otherwise working metals, wood, and other
materials, and consists in a novel arrangement of apparatus, whereby the cutting
instrument or the material being operated upon may be placed in the greatest
number of positions possible to facilitate the action of the cutting instrument on
the work at any desired point.
To this end the apparatus consists of a series of radial branches or brackets
combined to the number of two or more, and so arranged as to turn on axes
parallel to one another, the said axes being either vertical, horizontal, or otherwise.
Or the radial branches may be combined with their axes otherwise than parallel.
Thus, for instance, suppose the Invention be adapted to a boring tool, one radial
branch or bracket will be arranged to turn on a vertical spindle, and will carry at
its outer end bearings for a second vertical spindle, on which a second branch or
bracket will be mounted. This second bracket carries at its outer end a frame for
the boring tool. This frame is connected to the second bracket in such a manner
that it may be placed at any desired inclination.
The boring tool may be worked through a train of bevil gear suitably carried
on the brackets and spindles, and receiving motion from the first vertical spindle.
The movement of the brackets may be effected by mechanical means or by
hand.
It will be readily understood that this arrangement of apparatus retains all the
advantages of the ordinary radial machines, while the second bracket allows for the
tool having a much greater scope.
The number of the branches or brackets may be increased if desired, the driving
gear being suitably arranged for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND PAVEMENTS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND
PAVEMENTS." A communication from abroad by Jean Salvat, of Morceux,
France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND PAVEMENTS." A communication from abroad by
Jean Salvat, of Morceux, of France.
The improvements consist in using tar, sand, and pebbles in certain proportions
and ways. I take sand, and mix with it sufficient quantity of hot tar until the
sand is thoroughly absorbed and amalgamated. I then prepare the surface of the
ground with concrete, or broken stone, or burnt earth, and pour over the ground so
prepared the sandy tar mixture while hot, and level it; I then place a layer of
clean pebbles over and allow them to stick in and become partially embedded in
the sand tar. Sometimes I make this pavement in squares or blocks by the use of
moulds, and I place the blocks in position, leaving a small space between and
around them into which I pour hot sandy tar mixture, and set and fix them, and
thus form a pavement.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd May 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND PAVEMENTS." A communication from abroad by
Jean Salvat, of Morceux, in the Republic of France.
This pavement, which may be produced on the spot for the construction of roads
liko ordinary asphalt pavements, may also be made in blocks, to be subsequently
transported to the place where they are used. I prefer to use blocks of about
20 centimetres wide and 10 centimetros thickness. The materials employed in its
composition are,-pitch or colophony, sand or earth, and pebbles. The pitch or
colophony is applied hot and in sufficient quantity to imbibe or impregnate the
sand, a layer of pebbles being then embedded into the surface of this mixture when
quite hot, in such a manner that the pebbles are retained in the mixture after
cooling down, but so that they still reach the surface. The pebbles held in this
manner form an uneven surface and offer a great resistance to wear and tear.
This pavement, which is less expensive than ordinary stone pavements, requires
very little repair, is not liable to become soft by heat, and produces very little
dust..
If the pavement is formed in blocks, the edges of every block are provided with
a little of the hot material in order to cement all blocks together.
Having now described the Invention as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, I claim the construction of pavements and paving blocks from the
materials and in the manner substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of May, A.D. 1882.
יד
THADDAN
101
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO PACKAGES FOR CARBYING OR SHIPPING PAINT, PIGMENT, AND OTHER MATERIALS OF A SIMILAR NATURE, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLOSING OR SEALING THE SAME AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Reid Gray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1881.
ROBERT REID GRAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR APPERTAINING TO PACKAGES FOR CARBYING OR SHIPPING PAINT, PIGMENT,
AND OTHER MATERIALS OF A SIMILAR NATURE, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR CLOSING OR SEALING THE SAME AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
This Invention has for its object the construction of a package that will
pack well, that is not likely to leak, and that when opened can be used as a
paint pot.
It consists, first, in forming the body of the pot with lapped side seam and
lapped bottom seam in the manner described in my Specification, No. 1650, of
1880.
Second. In inserting the handle at each side through a hole armed with an eyelet
of the same internal diameter as the gauge of wire or iron rod forming the handle,
said hole being preferably just below the rim of the pot.
Third. In forming the lid so as to fit over and curve round the wire bead or
other projecting rim forming the top rim of the pot.
Fourth. In a machine for closing or sealing the covers of the pots and other like
articles.
The mode of carrying out my Invention is as follows:-The pot filled with paint
and with handle attached (the latter hanging down against the side when not in
use) is placed upon the centre of a table, fixed or adjustable as regards height, and
arranged with guides to keep the pot exactly in the centre; the cover being put on,
a piston or plunger is brought down onto it by means of a treadle, so as to hold it
firmly and steadily to the table. On the rod of this piston or plunger is a hinged,
swinging, horizontal arm armed with a holder and tool adjustable on the arm so as
to be brought against the cover. The arm is hinged so as to enable the tool to be
lifted from and brought against the cover edge when the tool holder has been once
for all adjusted on the arm for one size of pot. Everything being ready the arm
is swung round causing the tool to bend the edge of the cover over and press it
round the bead. The treadle is then let go, the plunger raised by a spring or
weight, the pot removed, and another substituted.

page_text: The plunger is linked to the treadle by mechanism in such manner that the
distance from the table can be regulated at pleasure, and the holder being adjustable
at pleasure any sized pot from, say, six inches in diameter and six inches in height
to two feet in diameter and two feet in height could be made on one machine.
Of course the machines can be made of any size to suit any size pot, and can be 5
used for putting bottoms or covers onto parallel.drums, canisters, and other articles
where a plate is bent round a bead in this manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ADVERTISING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Baker Scott Webb at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1881.
CHARLES BAKER SCOTT WEBB, of Colchester, in the County of Essex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ADVERTISING."
This Invention relates to a novel construction of apparatus for and method of
advertising, according to which I provide a frame of any suitable shape, somewhat
similar in outside appearance to ordinary picture frames having plain glass inserted
therein; to the back or in the sides of this frame I fit a door to open and close
either on hinges or by sliding sidewise. In a central or other prominent part of
the free space between the glass and back of the frame I place a time piece,
barometer, or thermometer, or any two or all of these instruments in such manner
as to be readily read by a spectator. The remaining portion of the free space I fill
in with one or more advertising boards, cards, tablets, or other advertising media
by sliding it or them sidewise through suitable apertures in the frame into the free
space, or by introducing it or them through the open doorway at the back; thus
one or two or all of the three aforesaid instruments and the advertisement or
advertisements inserted in the free space within the frame are exposed to view at
the same time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUTTING TOGETHER OR AFIXING STEPS, OR STAIRS, OR PLATFORMS, OR STAGES, OR FLOORING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Attwood Brockelbank at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1881.
THOMAS ATTWOOD BROCKELBANK, of Gresham House, Old Broad Street, in the
City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUTTING TOGETHER OR AFIXING STEPS, OR
STAIRS, OR PLATFORMS, OR STAGES, OR FLOORING."
I make crutches, bands, supports, or clips of peculiar construction suitable for
holding, receiving, or fastening the end or ends of the planks, boards, stones, steps,
or stairs, such crutches, bands, or supports, or clips having at the underside or
elsewhere, if need be, studs, holes, or projections, either screwed for fastening, or
for nuts or otherwise, or curved, or fitted, or shaped with heads to pass through
or fit into or slide along holes or grooved slots formed in supports, which may be
either part of or afixed to, or let into the stair framing, joists, beams, walls, or
banisters. Springs or weights may aid the adjustment of the fittings, connections,
or fastenings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FITTING SHIFTING BOARDS IN SHIPS OR VESSELS FOR CARRYING GRAIN CARGOS IN BULK
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Dring and John Pattison at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1881.
MARK DRING and JOHN PATTISON, both of West Hartlepool.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN FITTING SHIFTING BOARDS IN SHIPS OR VESSELS FOR CARRYING GRAIN
CARGOS IN BULK,"
Our Invention relates to fitting the shifting boards of ships or vessels in such a
manner as to divide the space between decks, and in the bottom hold into
lougitudinal compartments when required for the conveyance of grain cargos in
bulk, which shifting boards may be turned back out of the way when not in use.
In carrying out our Invention we provide flaps of sheet iron which are attached
to the beams of the ship by means of hinges or other suitable contrivance after the
manner of doors, the shifting boards of the bottom hold being hinged so as to turn
downwards on to the ship's bottom, and the shifting boards between decks to turn
upwards and be attached to the ship's deck beams by means of hooks, latches, or
toggles, it being intended to divide the space between decks into four or more, and
the bottom hold into two or more longitudinal compartments. The shifting boards
along the centre line of the ship correspond in length and depth to the openings in
the frame work, which each has to fill and are secured by bolts to the stanchions,
which are constructed in a manner suitable to receive them; these plates are
arranged so that half turn outwards in one direction and the alternate half in the
other.
When four longitudinal compartments are required, shifting boards on either side
of the centre line are made of sufficient length to reach to the next deck beams,
and are secured to portable angle irons fixed in position, and made of such a width
that every alternate plate will overlap the one on each side of it, and will be
connected to them by bolts, the overlap plates turning outwards in an opposite
direction to the others.
When more than four longitudinal compartments are required, the shifting
boards on either side of the centre line are made equal in depth to the width of the
compartment, and are secured by tie bars to each other, and to the sides and
midships; these boards are overlapped and bolted as in the case of the shifting

page_text: boards just described, the overlap plates turning outwards in an opposite direction
to the others; but in this case the plates do not reach down to the next deck
beams, and therefore we prefer not more than four longitudinal compartments; the
plates at the centre line of the ship should alternate with those on either side so as
not to foul when turned back out of position.
It is proposed to provide in addition to the main hatchway small hatchways
arranged so as to be central over each outside compartment, or to be equally
divided over the two outside compartments, these additional hatchways being
intended for filling up after the ship has been trimmed out to the main hatchway.
Our Invention applies to ships constructed of wood or iron.
OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STEAMING OR CLEANING CASKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Heathorn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1881.
ARTHUR HEATHORN, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey, Engineer.
OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STEAMING OR CLEANING CASKS."
"A NEW
The object of my Invention is to obviate the waste of time incurred in turning
(ff the steam when one cask is cleaned, whereby all the other casks on the same
pipe are delayed while the one cask that is cleaned is taken off the nozzle and a
fresh one put on. With this object I fit on the steam pipe as many cups of metal,
of any convenient size and shape, as I choose, and on the rim of each cup fit the
steam nozzle made with a large base so to fit the face of the rim of the cup. In
the cup and fitting the mouth of the pipe inside this nozzle I arrange a suitable
valve; this valve is connected in any suitable manner through the base of the
nozzle with a ring of wood or metal concentric with the nozzle and fitting loosely
on the outside thereof, and it is raised some little height off the base of the nozzle.
When the cask is to be steamed it is placed with the nozzle through the bunghole
on the ring of wood or metal. The weight of the cask presses the ring down and
thereby opens the valve and steam is allowed to enter the cask through the nozzle.
When the cask is cleaned it is lifted off the ring and the pressure of the steam in
the cup underneath the valve closes it and prevents any more steam from escaping.
By this apparatus therefore each nozzle is disconnected the one from the other, and
each one may be used separately, the closing of the valve being performed
tautomatically, and the waste of time and labor consequent on the necessity of
turning the steam off the pipe and row of nozzles being saved. I can also arrange
this apparatus so as to use water under pressure instead of steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING THE SMOKE AND GASES ARISING FROM FURNACES OR STEAM GENERATORS, ALSO APPLICABLE IN PART FOR GENERATING GAS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phillips Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Charles McWilliam, of Montreal, Hascal Alfred Hogel,
of New York, and Alice Finlay Foster, wife of Asa Beeknap Foster, of
Cowansville, Province of Quebec.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of the Firm of W. P. Thompson and Co., Agents
for Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, and of 323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING THE SMOKE
AND GASES ARISING FROM FURNACES OR STEAM GENERATORS, ALSO APPLICABLE
IN PART FOR GENERATING GAS." A communication from abroad by Charles
McWilliam, of Montreal, Hascal Alfred Hogel, of New York, and Alice Finlay
Foster, wife of Asa Beeknap Foster, of Cowansville, Province of Quebec.
This Invention relates to improvements in furnaces and steam generators of
every class in which it is a desideratum to consume the heavy smoke and gases
arising from the fire, and while efficiently effecting this object, besides assisting
the draft and perfect combustion of the fuel, the Invention may be converted into
an apparatus for generating gas by conducting the products of combustion by
simple means from the fire chamber to a gas retort, the operation of raising steam
being meanwhile carried on without interruption.
The improvements may be thus briefly described.
Along one side of the fire chamber is placed a pipe or flue, which has a branch
extending across the front of said chamber above the fire door; its other end forms
a junction with a pipe or chamber placed across the furnace underneath the boiler
and at or near the bridge, which chamber receives through an opening in its upper
side the unconsumed gases and smoke arising from the fire, these being joined by a
current of heated air introduced into the chamber through a pipe leading from
underneath the grate, and the whole being discharged, mixed with, and aided by
jets of steam brought from the boiler by suitable means, such as an arrangement
of pipes and cocks through nozzles in the branch pipe above the fire door directly
over the fire.
The apparatus is utilized for the manufacture of gas by closing the flue at
side of fire chamber and also the air pipe (by means of dampers) from underneath
the grate, and discharging the smoke and gases through a pipe connected outside
the furnace walls with any ordinary retort, gasometer, et cetera.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPIKES AND NAILS OF ALL KINDS.
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Simeon Emil Mossberg, Civil Engineer, of Elſkarleö,
in the Kingdom of Sweden, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPIKES
AND NAILS OF ALL KINDS. "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Simeon Emil Mossberg at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1881.
SIMEON EMIL MOSSBERG, Civil Engineer, of Elfkarleö, in the Kingdom of
Sweden. “IMPROVEMENTS IN SPIKES AND NAILS OF ALL KINDS."
The object of my Invention is to so form spikes and nails as to secure a stronger
conjunction of materials when nailed together than can be attained by the
application of common nails, and to make a short nail according to my Invention
answer the purpose of a longer one of the ordinary kind. To this end I give to
the nails a twisted shape along the whole or part of the length of the bodies of the
nails, making thus a sort of combined nail and screw.
The twisting, which may be either to the left or right, should be such that the
nail may turn on its longitudinal axis when it is driven.
The cross-section of the nail may be of any suitable form.
The accompanying Drawings exhibits, as an example, a hammered square nail
(Fig. 1), a spike (Fig. 2), and a square wire nail (Fig. 3), all according to my
Invention

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Simeon Emil Mossberg in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd November 1881.
SIMEON EMIL MOSSBERG, Civil Engineer, of Elfkarleö, in the Kingdom of
Sweden. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPIKES AND NAILS OF ALL KINDS."
The object of my Invention is to so form spikes and nails as to secure a stronger
conjunction of materials when nailed together than can be attained by the
application of common nails, and to mako a short nail according to my Invention
answer the purpose of a longer one of the ordinary kind. To this end I give to
the nails a twisted shape along the whole or part of the length of the bodies of tho
nails, making thus a sort of combined nail and screw.
The twisting, which may be either to the left or right, should be such that the
nail may turn on its longitudinal axis when it is driven.
The cross section of the nail may be of any suitable form.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 shows a hammered square nail
Fig. 2, a spike; and Fig. 3, a square wire nail, all according to this Invention.
;
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and explained the
manner in which it is to be perforined, I would have it understood that what I
consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as secured to me under the
Letters Patent hereinbefore in part recited is,-
The manufacture of nails and spikes of twisted form, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Simeon Emil Mossberg, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
S T
HOSPEDA
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH INK-STANDS, LETTER SCALES, WORKBOXES, CADDIES, DESKS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Short Downing at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1881.
JOHN. SHORT DOWNING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH INK-STANDS, LETTER SCALES, WORKBOXES, CADDIES,
DESKS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES."
My Invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described, and relates to
the application of india-rubber or other yielding material to the base or pedestal of
the above named or similar articles, my object being to impart a grip or steadiness
and prevent injury to the articles upon which they are placed.
I will describe the same as applied to an inkstand of an oblong form; to the
under surface at each corner I secure (by means of screws or other suitable manner)
a disc of india-rubber, and thus dispense with the feet hitherto employed. I do
not limit myself to the shape or configurations; thus, I may groove or recess the
under surface near to the edge, and in the said groove lay a strip of india-rubber,
flat, round, or other form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING STEAM BOILER DAMPERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wainwright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1881.
GEORGE WAINWRIGHT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING STEAM BOILER
DAMPERS."
My Invention relates to improvements in selfacting apparatus for opening and
closing the dampers of steam boilers, the object being to regulate and govern the
draught, and thus economize the consumption of fuel, and it consists in the method
of actuating a piston by means of the pressure of steam acting on water in contact
with a diaphragm of elastic material placed between the underside of the piston
and the top of a cylinder or vessel connected with the water in the boiler.
The vertical motion of the piston being communicated through suitable levers to
the damper.
In carrying out my Invention, which is especially applicable to vertical boilors,
I fix on the top of the boiler a small vessel or cylinder, the interior of which
is in communication with the lower part of the water space of the boiler by means
of a suitable pipe.
I close the top of the vessel or cylinder with a diaphragm of suitable elastic
material, by preference the best indiarubber, and secure it by means of a
plate which has a contre hole of larger diameter than that of the vessel or
cylinder.
The moveable piston fits into and is guided by the beforementioned plate, the
bottom of the piston resting on the rubber diaphragin, which is supported under
the periphery of the piston by that portion of the vessel which is the difference in
their respective diameters.
A lover with a balance weight and connected with the damper is suitably fixed
across the centre of the piston on which it bears, and is thus actuated by the
vertical movements of the piston, opening and closing the damper with the varying
pressure of the steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING BY GAS, PARTS OF THE IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY AND FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cornelius Crastin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1881.
CORNELIUS CRASTIN, junior, of Hertslet Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING
BY GAS, PARTS OF THE IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO LIGHTING BY
ELECTRICITY AND FOR HEATING PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to the construction and employment for lighting purposes
of a lamp or apparatus for producing light from a suitable material arranged to be
heated to incandescence by a flame of a suitable mixture of air and gas, in com-
bination or not with a current of electricity.
In carrying out my Invention within a tubular chamber I provide one or more
platinum tipped jets, above which are placed a suitable number of cones for the
purpose hereinafter described; this chamber communicates by means of a telescope
tube with the burner properly so called and also with the gas inlet; the chamber
has air inlets around which works a revolving shield and regulator arranged to
allow of regulating the supply of air which is caused to mix with the gas by
passing through the said cones, and tho chamber is provided with one or more
non-conducting nipples to prevent overheating; the burner is constructed of any
suitable heat resisting non-conducting material formed with holes to receive the
ends of a number of loops and rings of platinum, the platinum pieces being fixed
by means of wedges passing into the said holes, or by means of a sliding cap; the
globe holder is made of glass, porcelain, or the like, and a suitable packing of
non-conducting material serves to fix the globe; the globe is preferably constructed
to produce a convection current regulated to the burner by a suitable regulator.
Small tubes are provided to carry wires if the lamp is to be lighted by elec-
tricity, in which case the key of the cock is arranged to complete the circuit at
the same time that the gas is turned on and afterwards to break contact; or the
apparatus may be lighted by means of a small tube projecting a current of
hydrogen onto a piece of spongy platinum.
The burner herein before described may be employed for electric lighting, and
the revolving shield is particularly useful in regulating the supply of air to gas
stoves.
Iustead of platinum other suitable material may be employed for the burner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNITTED FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Caldwell, of Loughborough, in the County of
Leicester, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS
TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNITTED FABRICS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Caldwell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1881.
FREDERICK CALDWELL, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF KNITTED FABRICS."
My improvements relate to the manufacture of knitted fabrics made on circular
machines producing ribbed or plain looped fabrics, especially applicable to goods
made in the piece and afterwards cut into short lengths, each length requiring to
have a fast selvage or welt at one end.
This I effect in several ways; the first by having inclines moved by a rocking
lever actuated by a studded chain, so as to place the needle jacks and needles in
position to receive one or more loops before casting off the previous loop or loops,
or the inclines may be actuated by the fingers of the attendant when required.
In the second way I employ needle jacks having projections of various depths
operated by inclines as before described; in a third method I employ a wheel to
place the needle jacks and needles in position to receive one or more loops before
casting off the previously formed loop or loops, the wheel being actuated by a
clawker, or driver and ratchet wheel, operated by a studded chain or by the
fingers of the operator; by such means I am enabled to produce a fast selvage or
welt upon goods manufactured on circular machines of the usual construction.
Fourthly, in circular machines making ribbed fabrics, I draw in the machine
needles and shog them one or more needles; such needles then take their fresh
loops in their new position.