Improvements in the Construction of Corks, Stoppers, and Label Protectors for Bottles, Jars, and the like, and in the Method of Securing and Unscrewing Corks and Stoppers of same.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 13th July, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 24th Aug., 1888
Improvements in the Construction of Corks, Stoppers, and Label
Protectors for Bottles, Jars, and the like, and in the Method of
Securing and Unscrewing Corks and Stoppers of same.
We ALFRED SELFE ROBINSON of 280 New Cross Road, Gentleman, JOHN WILTON
NARRAWAY of 13 Piermont Road, East Dulwich, Engineer, and ABRAHAM PULLAN
of 306 New Cross Road, Engineer all in the County of Surrey do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows :-
-
This invention relates to certain improvements partly upon or connected with
Letters Patent No. 4565, dated 25th September 1882, granted to the said Abraham
Pullan, in the construction of what are known as screw stoppers, caps or capsules, and
the necks of the bottles, jars, and the like they fit into or on, whether made of cork or
its equivalent, wood, glass, pottery ware, metal, vulcanite, composition; of any color, or
any of these combined or of any suitable material or materials, and has for its object
the affording an easy means of removing or unscrewing such stoppers, corks, caps, or
capsules of bottles, jars and the like (which in the case of bottled beer and such often
become fixed) without special apparatus, and so as to afford a protection to the label
usually placed across the top of the stopper and corks, and a method of sealing or
insuring a tight joint between the stopper head, and the end of the neck or mouth of
the bottle, jar or the like.
In carrying this invention into practice, we proceed as follows.-To the head of the
stopper, cap, capsule or the like we add two upright projections with a space or groove
between them for the label to lay in and to protect the same from being damaged in
packing or transit. In opening the bottles, jars and the like a knife, spoon, pencil or
any suitable article placed in the groove or slot crosswise of stopper gives leverage and
power to unscrew the same without harming or soiling the hands.
In another form we make one upright projection in the centre of stopper head with
space or groove in to protect the label and as opening device; In another form we
make the slot through the head of stopper to protect the label and as opening
device.

page_text: The opening device which also forms the label protecting device can be made as
shown in specification of Letters Patent herein before mentioned of the type illustrated
Figures 20 to 23. with an open slot or the like in projecting head upon the collar or
flange with a shank, or teeth under the collar, or flange introduced into the body of
screw cork, or elastic stopper to unscrew the same without breaking off. The labels
for advertisement and the like with one enlarged end are passed through the slot and
gummed, or the like to the sides of the bottle, jar, or the like. The shanks of the
opening and label protecting device above described may be made of metal, ebonite,
wood, or any suitable materials that will unscrew the stoppers or corks, or pull the
corks out of plain necked bottles without breaking off, in some cases we make the
shanks with a portion of screw upon one or both edges to fit screws in the bottle
necks, and this opening and label device. shank. is introduced into the mould or die
before the usual plastic material, or pulverized cork, hemp or the like in a plastic state
is forced therein around the shank, or teeth, and afterwards vulcanized or the like in
the usual manner.
The opening and label device is also applicable in similar manner to ordinary corks
or any yielding and elastic materials having threads cut, pressed, or cast upon them
and to strengthen them internally or externally to prevent them twisting or breaking
off in unscrewing them out of the bottle neck as described in the Specification of the
said Letters Patent herein before referred to.
When using these pure-cork and yielding material stoppers to insure them screwing
out more easily we use the pure tin ferule fixed within the bottle head or neck, or upon
the end of the cork or yielding material with solid end or open as described in former
Letters Patent herein referred to.
The said opening and label device we add to the bottle-top capsule, or hollow cap
with thread or projections or dwells in fitting on to the bottle neck or with a hollow
tubular shank to screw into the threads inside the bottle neck to receive the cork or
elastic stopper as shown in the herein before named Letters Patent, illustrated
fig. No. 35 a. Solid stoppers, caps or tops may have the opening and label device made
upon the top or through same held in the bottle or jar by levers, bails or other-
wise hinged to the necks or any projection above the usual head or flange of stopper
"may have our invention applied to them.
In some cases a lever or stopper operating device accompany the stopper hence no
lever nor other device need be looked for when a bottle, jar or such stoppered vessel is
to be opened or closed.
The required alterations in the dies or moulds now in use to manufacture our
improved stopper (of the compositions well known and commonly used) with raised
projections with a space or groove in the centre would be to cut the desired form out
in the top plate of mould or die, or make a new top plate; to make the horizontal
slot, mortice or holes in the head or flange of stopper a core is to be made of the
desired form in metal or other material-Similar alterations will be made in such dies
that are in parts sliding in a mould box. And similar tools now in use can be easily
altered or be remade to suit the materials the stoppers are made of.
When the said
opening and labeling device previously formed is introduced into the mould or dies
the top plate will have to be made to receive whatever shape that opening device may
be and so hold it central with the stem or shank of the stopper for the plastic material
to be moulded around it to the required form.

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Corks, Stoppers, and Label
Protectors for Bottles, Jars, and the like, and in the Method of
Securing and Unscrewing Corks and Stoppers of same.
We, ALFRED SELFE ROBINSON of 250 New Cross Road, Gentleman, JOHN WILTON
NARRAWAY of 13 Piermont Road, East Dulwich, Engineer, and ABRAHAM PULLAN, of
306 New Cross Road, Engineer, all in the County of Surrey do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements, partly upon or connected with
Letters Patent No. 4565 dated 25th of September 1882 granted to the said Abraham
Pullan in the construction of what are known as screw stoppers, caps or capsules and
the necks of the bottles, jars or the like they fit into or on, whether made of cork or its
equivalent wood glass, pottery-ware metal vulcanite composition of any colour or any
of these combined or of any suitable material or materials and has for its object the
affording an easy means of removing or unscrewing such stoppers, corks caps or
capsules of bottles jars and the like (which in the case of bottled beer and such often
become fixed) without special apparatus and so as to afford a protection to the label
usually placed across the top of the stopper and corks and a method of scaling or
insuring a tight joint between the stopper head and the end of the neck or mouth of
the bottle jar, or the like.
In carrying this invention into practice we proceed as follows:-To the head of the
stopper cap capsule or the like we add two upright projections with a space or groove
between them for the label to lie in and to protect the same from being damaged in
packing or transit. In opening the bottles jars or the like, a knife, spoon pencil or
any suitable article placed in the groove or slot crosswise gives leverage and power to
unscrew the same without harming or soiling the hands.
In another form of our invention we make one upright projection in the centre of
the stopper head with a space or groove in to protect the label and form the opening
device. Or we make a slot through the head of the stopper to answer the same
purpose.
The opening and label protecting device. can also be made of the type shown by
Figures 20 to 23 in the specification of the herein before mentioned Letters Patent
with an open slot or the like in a projecting head upon the collar or flange, underneath
which there is a shank, dowel, prongs or teeth inserted into the body of the screw
cork or elastic stopper so that it may be unscrewed without breaking off. The
labels for advertisement and the like with one enlarged and or of any required or
approved shape or pattern are passed through the slot and gummed or otherwise
secured to the bottle or other vessel. The shanks of the opening and label protecting
device above described may be made of metal ebonite, wood or any suitable inaterial of
sufficient strength to unscrew the corks or stoppers or pull the corks out of plain

page_text: necked bottles without breaking off. In some cases we make the shank with a portion
of a screw-thread upon one or both edges to fit the screw-threads in the bottle neck
and it is then placed in the mould or die in which the stopper is to be made and the
usual plastic material, pulverized cork, hemp or the like is forced in around it and the
complete stopper so formed is then vulcanized or the like in the usual manner.
The opening and label protecting device is also applicable in similar manner to
ordinary corks or to any yeilding or elastic material upon which threads are cut
pressed or cast, so as to strengthen them internally or externally and prevent them
twisting or breaking off in unscrewing out of the bottle neck as described in the
specification of the before mentioned Letters Patent. With stoppers of pure cork or
other yeilding material we use the pure tin ferrule fixed in the head or neck of the
bottle or upon the end of the cork or stopper so as to insure their being easily
unscrewed, and these ferrules may have a solid end or otherwise as shown and
described in the specification of the aforesaid Letters Patent. The opening and label
protecting device may also be added to the bottle-top capsule or hollow cap with
threads projections or dowels in, fitting into the bottle neck or with a hollow tubular
shank to screw into the threads inside the bottle neck to receive the corks or elastic
stoppers also as shown in the aforesaid Letters Patent. Solid stopper caps or tops
may have the opening device made upon them or stoppers held in the bottle or jar by
levers bails or otherwise or hinged to the necks or having any projection above the
usual head or flange may have our invention applied to them. In some cases a lever
or stopper operating device accompanies the stopper so that no detached appliance is
required to open or close the bottle or jar.
The alterations required in the stopper moulds or dies now in use to adapt them to
the manufacture of our improved stopper of the well known and commonly used
composition with raised projections and a space or groove in the centre would
be as follows:-The desired form for the stopper head would be cut in the top plate
of the mould or a new top plate with such form made in it would be provided. A
core made of metal or other material would be required to form the horizontal slot
holes or mortice in the head or flange of the stopper. Similar alterations would
be required in such dies as are in parts sliding in a mould box and tools now in
use can be easily altered or adapted to suit the materials the stoppers are made of.
When the previously formed opening device with a shank as described is used the
top plate must be made to receive whatever shape the opening device may be
and hold it central with the stem of the stopper while the plastic material is pressed
into the mould around it.
In order to enable our invention to be fully understood we will now describe it with
reference to the accompanying drawings. Similar figures of reference in all the views
represent similar parts.
Figure 1 is an elevation of the stopper opening and label protecting device with label
on a bottle neck.
Fig. 2 is a view of the stopper and label without the bottle neck. Fig. 3 is a
plan view of same. In these figures 1 is a bottle neck, 2 is a screw stopper 3 are the
upright projections made upon the head of the stopper according to our invention.
4 is a recess, groove, or slot through which the label 5 passes and in which it is
protected by the projections 3 from damage in packing or transit. 2ª is an india
rubber or cork ring to make a tight joint between the stopper 2 and the inside of the
bottle neck 1. The stoppers may be of any of the usual compositions or of wood
glass, glazed pottery ware porcelain or other suitable material and any rigid article
placed in the groove will enable them to be unscrewed from the bottle neck with ease
and safety by means of the projections 3. Figure 4 is a plan view of a stopper with
projections 3 of a different shape. In Fig. 5 the stopper head is of the usual size
with the opening and label protecting device made therein, and in Fig. 6 the stopper
head is only the same size as the india rubber ring 2ª.
Figures 7 and 8 show a stopper with one projection only, extending entirely across
the head, and having a slot 4 made through the same whereby it may be unscrewed
with any article inserted therein as a lever.

page_text: Figure 9 is the label 5 with an opening 6 to pass over the projection which thus
protects it, or it may be of the pattern shown in Fig. 1 and passed through the slot 4
in these two last figures. Figures 10 and 11 show a stopper and label, the stopper
having a head or collar 8 rather smaller than the elastic ring 2ª with a narrow projec-
tion 7 upon it and a slot 4 through the same to afford means of opening. The label 5
may have an opening 6 to pass over the projection 7, as shown or it may be made
large enough to pass entirely over the head or collar 8 so that the sides of the label
may lie upon the elastic ring 2ª. Figure 12 shows a stopper with its head 8 of the
usual size and a narrow projection 7 upon it with a slot 4 in the same. The projection
so formed gives firm hand-hold to manipulate the stopper without recourse to a lever
unless it is stuck fast. The label may be put on as in the last described figures.
Figure 13 shows the opening and label-protecting slot made through the head of
the stopper.
Fig. 14 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 15 is a plan of a screw-cork or elastic
stopper 2 with the head or collar 8 provided with a shank 9 which is inserted into
the body of the stopper to strengthen the same and enable it to be unscrewed from
the bottle without breaking off.
The projection 7 with slot 4 is formed on the top of the stopper head or collar 8
and the label 5 is applied in either of the ways before described.
Figure 16 is a sectional elevation of a bottle head with a strengthened cork or
elastic stopper provided with the opening and label protecting device forming the
improvements upon Letters Patent No. 4565, A.D. 1882 hereinbefore referred to.
The inside of the bottle-neck 10 has a pure tin or other ferrule 11 fixed therein with
cork or other cement, its lower edge being bent over the bottom of the screw thread
formed in the bottle neck so as to prevent its moving. The collar or flange 8 has a
strengthening shank 9 which is inserted into the cork or elastic stopper which may
have screw threads cut or pressed upon it or may be a plain cork screwed or driven
into the screw-neck of the bottle. We find that stoppers so made work in and out of
the tin ferrule or liner much more easily than in the plain glass screw-threads in the
bottle head, owing to its being perfectly round, which the latter are not, the
irregularities in shape causing a severe torsive strain upon the stopper, which the use
of the ferrule prevents. The cork makes a tight joint on the conical seat at the
bottom of the screw-thread, as well as at the mouth of the bottle without the inter-
position of an india rubber washer or the like. The projections 3 are formed on the
upper side of the collar 8 which with the shank 9 may be made of wood, composition,
earthenware, or any suitable material.
Fig. 17 shows a screw necked bottle with an elastic screwed stopper made as
follows:-
The strengthening shank 9 with the stopper head or collar 8 surmounted by the
recess 4 and projections 3 is placed in the mould or die in which the stem 2 of the
stopper is to be formed. The mould is then filled with pulverized cork, hemp or
the like, or any suitable composition in a plastic state which is then subjected to
pressure so as to completely surround the shank 9 and be thoroughly combined
therewith. The end of the cork or elastic stopper so made is further strengthened
externally by means of the tin ferrule 12 screwed onto the same and secured by a
pin 13 passing through the ferrule 12, stopper 2 and shank 9. This ferrule also
prevents the end of the stopper swelling beyond the bottom of the screw-thread into
the larger part of the bottle neck, and so being torn off when the stopper is unscrewed,
and falling into the contents of the bottle. When, however, the bottle-necks are
formed as shown in Figs. 16 and 18 this is prevented by the conical seat, at the
bottom of the screw thread. Figure 19 is an ordinary cork strengthened with a
screwed shank having our opening and label protecting device attached thereto.
2 is the cork, 9 the shank 8 the collar or flange, 7 the projection with slot 4 through
it which will facilitate wiring, the collar 8 answering for the usual wooden disc placed
upon the cork to take the pressure of the wire. 5 is the label put on as hereinbefore
described.
Figure 20 is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 21 a plan partly in section on line A.B.

page_text: showing a screw stopper made of any composition generally used, having our opening
and label protecting device applied thereto with a strengthening shank 9 to take the
torsive strain produced in unscrewing it from the bottle. The shank 9 is made to
conform at its outer edges to the screw threads on the stem of the stopper and is
placed in the mould or die when the stopper is made whereby the composition is
forced into the holes and space 14 and the shank and stem of the stopper are firmly
combined together. The projecting head 15 above the shank 9 is square, with the
opening projections 3 upon it, and the slot 4 between them. Two holes 4 are made
through the projections 3 at right angles with the slot 4 and may also be used for
unscrewing the stopper. The label 5 has a square hole for the bead 15 to pass through
and lies upon the stopper head 2, being protected as described. 2ª is the usual india
rubber ring under stopper head 2.
Figs. 22 and 23 show a stopper which is manufactured as hereinbefore described,
except that the shank is made separate from the opening device and of such a form
as to strengthen the upright projections should they be found to give way in use.
For this purpose we place in the stopper mould or die a short shank 15 with a wide
tee head and flanged projections 16 at the ends thereof so that it becomes embedded
in the composition when the stopper is made, and the projections 3 on the stopper
head 2 are formed around the projections 16 with the slot 4 for the label 5
5
between them.
Figure 24 shows a stopper made of elastic or non-elastic composition in the manner
described the teeth or prongs 17 under the collar or flange 8 being of circular or
other suitable form and introduced into the stopper when it is moulded. Or the
prongs 17 with the collar 8 and the opening and label protecting device 3 and 4 may
be driven into the cork or elastic stoppers after they are made, or they may be
attached to plain corks, or to screw stoppers made of wood or other materials.
Fig. 25 shows a screw stopper with the opening and label protecting device 3 and 4
made upon a hollow cap 19 fitted upon the top of the stopper 2 and attached thereto
with screws or pins 18. The label 5 goes over the projections 3 as shown.
Fig. 26 shows a screw stopper made of wood with a strip of metal 20 bent over
the projections 3 so as to strengthen them, the ends thereof being secured to the
stopper head 2 by screws or nails 18. Fig. 27 shows our opening and label
protecting device attached to an old screw stopper in the form of a cap 19, with the
slot 4 and projections 3 stamped or cast thereon, and milled or fluted inside similar
to the milling on the outside of the stoppers in use. In fixing these caps on we make
them hot so as to slightly expand them and drop them on to the stopper head 2. The
heat slightly melts the composition causing it to run into the milling in the cap
which in cooling thus becomes embedded upon the stopper head and is further
secured by one or more pins 18. 5 is the label, and 2ª the india rubber ring under
head 2. This arrangement may also be applied to wooden stoppers now in use.
Figs. 28 and 29 show a plain cork with the opening, label protecting and cork
holding device all stamped or cast in one piece as a cap 19. 3 are the projections,
the spaces between which form the label slot 4. The teeth 17 extend downwards
from the cap 19 around the opening through which the cork passes upon which they
take a grip enabling it to be withdrawn with the cap 19, which is placed upon the
bottle neck before the cork or elastic stopper is driven therein through the cone of a
corking machine or otherwise. The cork or stopper may be plain or with screw-
threads upon it, and made of elastic or non-elastic composition. The label 5 is
placed in the slot 4 as usual.
.
Fig. 30 shows the opening and label protecting device, with the cork-gripping 17
made upon a screw-cap 19 to fit onto a bottle-neck with outside threads. The stopper
is applied as in the figures last described.
Fig. 31 is a screw stopper with a wide cork ring or bush 2ª on a shank 21 under
the head 2. This shank is made the diameter of the bottom of the thread 22 upon its
end which smaller than usual to allow the cork ring 2" to pass over it without straining
or damage, and the tin cap made to fit the thread in the bottle neck is then screwed
on and secured by the pin 13. The stopper-head, shank, and screwed end may be

page_text: made of any suitable material, and the projections 3, slot 4 and label 5 are applied as
previously described.
Figs. 32 and 33 show a screw stopper or bung made of any material suitable for
wide mouthed vessels with the opening and label protecting device attached as a cap
and secured by prongs 17 driven into the stopper 2. The projections 3 are cast
hollow for lightness and have holes 4 at right angles to the slot 4 to enable any small
instrument to be used for opening.
Fig. 34 shows a tubular screwed shank or ferrule 23 with a head or cap 24 to which
the stopper 2 is applied as described with reference to Figs. 28 and 29. The shank
and head are stamped out of one piece of tin or other metal. The projections 3 have
short pegs or shanks 25 by which they are rivetted to the stopper head 24 forming
the opening device and slot 4 for the label 5.
Fig. 35 shows a similar stopper with the head 24 turned upwards, so that the
opening and label protecting device may be formed as shown in figs. 28 and 29 and
stamped solid with the tubular shank 23.
Figs. 36 and 37 show a screw cap for bottles or jars with outside threads. A tin
ferrule 11 is fitted over the threads and secured by being turned in over the top
thereof shown at 26. The opening and label protecting device is applied as shown
by 3 and 4.
Fig. 38 shows a similar cap with one projection 7 and the slot 4 through it for the
label 5 to pass through. Figure 39 shows a plain stopper or bung 2 with the opening
and label protecting device 3 and 4 attached thereto by screws 18. Figures 40 and 41
show a similar stopper or bung with a wooden cap 19 secured by screws 18 and
having the projections and recess 3 and 4 formed upon it. Figure 42 shows a similar
stopper or bung with the device described for Fig. 32 attached.
Figure 43 shows a hollow screw stopper for wide mouthed vessels with the opening
and label protecting device formed upon it. 2 is the head of stopper with the rim cut
away at 3 to form the projections and slot 4 for the label 5 to lie in. The lever 27 is
fitted in two holes on opposite sides of the head 2 and being drawn out until the
pin 28 comes in contact with the inside of the stopper head at 29 gives leverage to
unscrew the stopper without the aid of any separate instrument.
31
Figure 44 shows our invention applied to a milk cream or preserve bottle or jar
with a stopper secured by a screw stopper cap and bail. 10 is the bottle head, 2 is a
cork or other stopper fitted to the bottle mouth, 31 is the stopper cap holding the
cork 2 in, and having the opening device 3 and 4 made upon it. Figs. 45 and 46
show the opening device either as projections 3 and slots 4 made on top of the cap
as in Fig. 44 at right angles to each other, or as holes 4 made at opposite sides of the
cap 31. By applying a lever in the holes or slots 4 the cap 31 is moved up or down
on the screw 32 attached to the bail 30 working in indents 33 made in the sides of
the bottle or jar 10. The label 5 with a description of the contents, also any other
advertisement upon it, is placed upon the cork 2 and is protected and kept in its
place by the stopper cap 31, and being gummed to the sides of the bottle or jar
and the cap 31 screwed down, the contents cannot be tampered with without
detection.
Figure 47 shows a similar device to Fig. 44 except that the screw 32 works in a
boss 35 on the bail 30 and the opening and label protecting device 3 and 4 is made
on the top of the screw 32. The stopper-cap 31 is fixed on the screw 32 by the
pin 34 after it is passed through the boss 35. The label 5 may be placed in the slot 4,
or applied on the cork 2 as shown in Fig. 44. Fig. 48 shows a stopper secured in
the bottle head 10 by a bail 30. A label 5 with an opening 6 is placed over the
stopper 2 so that the head thereof may project through the said opening and thus
protect the label from injury when the boxes of bottles are placed one on another in
packing.
Figures 49 and 50 show a stopper 2 held in the bottle head 10 by a bail 30 on top of
which the projections 3 and slot 4 are formed to protect the label 5 which is placed
over the stopper and bottle head as shown in Fig. 50; or a slot 4 may be cut through
the stopper 2 and the label 5 passed through it for the same purpose.

page_text: Fig. 51 shows our invention applied to the top of the bent cross-bar 6 the
hooked ends 37 of which fit in a groove in bottle heads now in use.
The label 5
is placed in the space 4 between the upright projections 3 as shown.
Figures 52 and 53 show a bottle 1 with its stopper 2, opening and label protecting
device 3 and 4, and advertising label 5, all constructed and arranged according to
our invention. The middle part of the label 5 is placed in the slot 4 across the
stopper 2 and its two ends carried down and gummed to the sides of the bottle, one
side describing the contents thereof and the other side advertising any other article.
The label shown in Fig. 52 advertizes a proprietary brand of whisky and a table water
while that on the other side of the bottle shows the contents thereof and advertizes
an Australian wine, (Fig. 53).
Fig. 54 is a plan showing a small label 5 placed in the slot 4 across the stopper 2,
with the projections 3 on each side.
Figs. 55 and 56 show a square tin vessel or jar as used for Vaseline and like
substances with our opening and label protecting device formed upon the screw cap 2.
The projections 3 may be either stamped out with the cap, or soldered or rivetted on.
The label 5 passes over the stopper in the space 4.
Fig. 57 is a plan of a stopper with a projection 7 with opening slot 4 therein.
The label 5 has an opening 6 through which the projection 7 passes, and so protects it
from injury.
There are many other kinds of stoppers for jars bottles and like vessels to which
our invention could be applied and we therefore do not confine ourselves to those
forms which we have herein shown and described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1. A stopper for bottles jars or like vessels constructed with a device for protecting
the labels thereon from damage and for affording power and safety in opening such
vessels substantially as herein described and illustrated by Figs. 1 to 57 of the
accompanying drawings.
2. The combination with a stopper provided with the said opening and label protecting
devices of labels of the shapes or patterns shown in Figs. 1,9, 11, 44, 48, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57
or of any suitable kin'l in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth and
described.
3. The combination in a stopper with the said opening and label protecting devices
of an internal strengthening shank or similar device secured in the body or head of
plain or screw-threaded corks or elastic or non-elastic stoppers, the means for securing
and for facilitating the withdrawal of such stoppers, and for externally strengthening
the same; either jointly or severally, substantially as shown in Figs. 14 to 24 and 28
to 35 inclusive and herein set forth and described.
4. The combination in a stopper with the opening and label protecting devices of
labels of suitable patterns and bails, clips or the like either attached to, or fitting
on, the heads of bottles jars or the like to secure the said stoppers as shown in
Figs. 44 to 51 inclusive substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and
described.
c T 1
1000