CERTAIN. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANU- FACTURE OF TEXTILE MATERIALS, AND IN THE FINISHING OF WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED THEREIN.
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS.
LUCAS PATERSON, of the City of Glasgow,, North Britain, Manufacturer and
Calico Printer, send greeting."
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twelfth day of Sep-
tember, in the fourteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her Heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Lucas Paterson, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Thomas Lucas Paterson, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as
I, the said Thomas Lucas Paterson, my exors, admors, or. assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of. Berwick-upon-
Tweed,.my
Invention of "CERTAIN. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANU-
FACTURE OF TEXTILE MATERIALS, AND IN THE FINISHING OF WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN
THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED THEREIN.;" in .which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso, requiring. that I, the said Thomas Lucas Paterson, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, shall particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, and shall cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court, of Chancery, within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Lucas Paterson, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by this present instrument in writing, as follows, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto attached, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say:
My said Invention relates, first; to certain novel arrangements of me-
chanism, apparatus, or means to be used or applied in the winding machines
ordinarily employed for winding yarn from the hank or on bobbins into the
shape or state of pirns or cops, or on to bobbins, and to other machines of a
like nature, such arrangements having for their object the obtainment of
superior exactness in the formation or building of the yarn when being wound,
and the prevention of waste or injury to the cop.
Second, to an improved modification of the stuffing box joint or apparatus,
used in forming the communication between the fixed or. stationary supply
steam pipes and the revolving hollow shafts or cylinders of dressing or sizeing
machines, such improved modified joint being also applicable in various
departments of the textile mechanism where it is necessary to form a steam,
air, or water tight connection between fixed and revolving parts.
Third, to certain novel arrangements of mechanism, apparatus, or means
for effecting the finishing of woven fabrics.
And in order that my said Invention may be readily understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the various Figures on the Sheets of Drawings here-
unto attached.
Figure 1, on Sheet I. of my Drawings, represents a side or end elevation of
a portion of a winding frame as ordinarily constructed for winding yarn or
thread from the hank into the form of cops or pirns, such winding 'frame
being fitted and arranged according to my improvements. Figure 2, on the
same Sheet of Drawings, is a corresponding front elevation of the machine,
shewing three winding spindles only, the main framing and other details not
essential to the explanation of my improvements being supposed to be broken
away. A is the cast-iron end framing of the machine, connected together by
longitudinal stay rods, and by the timber box or frame pieces B, B. The
yarn or thread to be wound is placed in the hank form C upon the reels D,
the shafts of which revolve loosely in bearings carried by the end and inter-
mediate brackets E, F. Each of the winding spindles G, H, I, is thus fitted
with a separate reel, the thread passing up from it in the direction of the
arrow beneath, or over the longitudinal guide rod J. The spindles receive

page_text: their motion in the usual manner from the continuous driving drum or
cylinder K through the endless bands L, working upon the long pullies or
warves M on the spindles, and guided by the small adjustable pulleys N, N.
The ordinary plain reciprocating traverse movement for guiding the yarn
during winding is obtained by the common heart movement in connection
with the chain pulley O, the chain P from which passes over the guide pulley
Q, and is linked at its end to the long horizontal traverse bar R. With such
a movement alone, the thread being passed over the bar R would simply be
laid on the spindles in regular, even, or barrelled layers, but to produce the
necessary copping movement for building the yarn up into the pirn form, a
compound movement must be produced, as in the mule. It is in the
arrangement of this detail of the winding mechanism that the point of my
improvement consists. Each spindle has a vertical traverse movement in its
collar bearings S, S, in the fixed horizontal bars T, T, its lower end resting in
a cup or footstep formed in the upper end of the short link V. This link is
hinged at V to the end of the slotted lever W, working on a horizontal rod X
as a fixed centre. The lever W carries in its adjustable slot a stud piu Y,
projecting out horizontally, and resting upon the scroll, disc, or worm of large
pitch Z, fast near the lower extremity of the inclined shaft a.
In this way
the spiral or scroll acts as the support of the winding spindle. The inclined
shaft a is carried in two fixed stud bearings b, b, bolted to the framing, and it
is the gradual intermittent revolution of this spindle by which the differential
copping movement is produced. The alternating movement of the chain P,
which is linked to the horizontal traverse bar R, gives a constant alternate or
reciprocating vertical movement to the bar, which is guided to work accurately
in a vertical direction by the guide spindle c sliding longitudinally in the fixed
guides or eyes d, d, of the framing. Corresponding to each spindle there is
fitted to the traverse bar R a short oscillating lever e, working on a centre
pin f, carried by the back of the square piece of metal g, fast on the traverse
bar. The piece 9 has also a fixed stop pin h, against which the short end of
the oscillating lever e rests when the machine is in action with the yarn
unbroken, and another similar pin j, upon which the longer lever arm falls
when the yarn or thread gives way in winding. At k is a fixed stud centre
for carrying the curved oscillating lever 1, placed transversely with reference
to the line of spindles or the length of the machine, the front end m of which
lever projects forward above the line of traverse of the smaller lever e, already
described as carried by the traverse bar R. At the opposite end of the
curved lever is jointed a short detent n, arranged to work into the ratchet

page_text: teeth of the small wheel-o, fast upon the tubular boss of the worm p, working
loosely on the fixed study. This worm gears' with the small worin wheel r
on the upper end of the inclined shaft a: This worm wheel is not fast upon
the shaft, the connection being produced by stiff friction. A helical spring's,
abutting against a boss on the top of the shaft, presses on the top of the wheel;
causing it to bear upon the shoulder t of the shaft through an intervening
leather washer; a handle is fitted on the top of the shaft for turning it in
trimming up or adjusting the height of the spindle: As an additional guide for
the thread in being laid on the spindle, a short curved guide arm v of porce
lai is carried in a wire socket fast in tlie top projection of the square piece
of metal 'g on the traverse bar R. The arrows indicate the direction of the
thread during winding. From the guide rod J it passes upwards and over..the
horizontal glass' guide bar w, whence it descends and passes beneath the glass
end of the longer arm of the oscillating lever e, and finally over, the porcelain
guide arim v to the winding spindle. So long as the thread passes on unbroken;
its tension thus bears up the end of the lever e,' and this lever-being con
tinually traversed up and down along with the bar R, each time it arrives. at
the top of its stroke or rise, its short end comes in contact with the under side
of the front end' m of the curved lever 1. This action depresses the opposite
end of the lever, the detent of which thus partially turns the ratchet 'wheel o;
and through it the inclined shaft a, in the direction of the arrow, so asislightly.
to lower the pin Y, resting on the scroll Z, and' with it the winding spindle
with the pirn or cop, in the act of being formed. Each upward traverse of the
bar R produces in this way a'slight descent of the winding spindle; so as to
cause a uniform build of cop, as is well understood. In the three spindles
G, H, and I, in Figure 2, the parts are exhibited in different positions. In the
spindle G the whole details are given complete as they are when the the thread
is winding on in an unbroken stream; the lever'e' being held up by the thread;
and giving the requisite movement to the shaft a at each upward rise. In the
spindle H the reel is removed, and the lever e is shewn as fallen down on the
absence of the tension of the thread by 'it's fracture: The short end of the lever
in this position rises and falls without coming in contact with the curved lever l;
and the spindle being thus arrested in its gradual vertical descent, the building
action of the cop ceases, until the thread 'being pieced causes it to go on as
before; the third spindle I is represented in the act of winding its cop, having
just been finished. The effect of this "movement is, that however frequently the
thread' may give way, the accuracy of the build is never, interfered with as when
the thread has been pieced; the building goes on from the exact point of the

page_text: cop at which it previously ceased, although the other movements of the machine
have been constantly going on; at the same time the thread of the cop
suffers no injury by the frictional pressure of the building cone or other appa-
ratus ordinarily used for the regulation of.. the laying on. Each spindle has
a separate traverse apparatus, so that the breaking of a thread acts only upon
that particular spindle. In the ordinary.action of the machine, the revolution.
of the scroll z, and the consequent gradual descent of the spindle, continues.
until the cop being completed, the spindle is lowered far enough to bring..its.
driving band upon the loose section z.of the warvé; as in the spindle I, which
has just completed its cop. The movement of the spindle, is: thus suspended;.
and the suspension of the dragging tension of the thread permits the end x.of
the lever e to fall, so that it no longer turns the shaft a, and the vertical
descent of the spindle thus ceases also. When a new.cop is to be formed, the
attendant-brings up the spindle to the starting point, by turning the handle w
fast on the shaft a. The frictional connection of the worm wheel allows. of
this' being done without interfering with the rest of the-mechanism. The stop
pin a' in the scroll adjusts the spindle to the, right height by. coming in contact:
with the side of the study.
f In Sheet 2 of my Drawings I have represented another arrangement of self
acting stop for the building action of cops. Figure 1 is an end. elevation of ia
portion of the 'framing of a winding machine, similar to that already: described!
but fitted according to my second plan;. Figure 21 is ai front view of the same?
shewing two spindles only; and Figure 3 ista plan of the stop apparatus ifonia.
single spindle In this arrangement, the spindles and all the general-winding
details are worked as in my former plan; but the stop movement of the building
action is worked from one continuous horizontal shaft A'; runningnalong the
whole length of the frame, and revolving at a slow rate. The supporting
lever B of-the-spindle is suspended by a chain orband: G attached at its
lower end D to a stud in; the lever, and at, itst higher end to a pin E, in: the
periphery of a narrow pulley F, loose on the shafti A, but in: connection; with it
by stiff friction against the side of the small disc: G, fastion. the shaft, the
gradual revolution of which slowly unwinds the band from the pulley F, and
by thus lowering the spindle effects the desired building movement. The fixed
horizontal frame bar H has bolted upon it a bracket with. two projecting
armis JK, the back arm Jhaving screwed to it at Lone end of a divided
blade-spring M, opened in the middle to clear the shaft A and the fixed disc G!
The opposite end of this spring has a short arm or detent N hinged to it at O,
and projecting out horizontally against the stop Pon the arm K of the bracket

page_text: before mentioned. The two spindles Q and R, in Figure 2, are respectively
represented as working with a broken and an entire thread. The horizontal
traverse bar S carries an oscillating lever T, as in the arrangement previously
described in reference to Sheet I. of.my Drawings. The thread in its passage
upwards from the reel is directed beneath the glass arm U of this lever, and
the dragging tension constantly retains the lever in a.horizontal position, as in
the details of the spindle Q; should, however, the thread break, then the
arm U falls down to the position represented in connection with the spindle R.
The result of this action is, that the lever takes up a vertical position, and its
short upper end at the next rise of the bar S presses, against the lower side of
the arm N, and dislodges its loose end from the projecting stop P, when the
pressure of the blade spring M forces it forward above the angle of the pro-
jection. This allows the central portion of the spring to bear against the side
of the band pulley F, and overcoming the minor pressure of the helix V, which
has all along retained the pulley in stiff frictional contact with the revolving
disc G, to bear the pulley off the disc, and thus prevent the pulley from further
motion with the shaft until the thread is pieced, and the detent N made to bear
the spring M off the pulley F, to allow it again to move with the shaft A by
frictional contact with the disc G. In as far as an oscillating lever is employed
in this arrangement, the plan is similar to that described in reference to Sheet 1,
but in other respects the friction apparatus differs in being worked entirely
from a single shaft A, without the lever movements of the former contrivance.
And I would remark that this friction movement, as well as that described in
reference to Sheet 1 of my Drawings, may in some cases be used with
advantage without the oscillating lever T. As, for example, where coarse
strong yarn. is wound, fracture will occur at very distant intervals, and when
detected by the eye of the attendant and set right, the proper building position
of the spindle may be easily adjusted by hand. After forming a full cop, the
spindle is trimmed up to its starting point by turning the band pulley F by
the handle W, so as to wind up the band C, and elevate the lever B corre-
spondingly. It will be seen that the effect of this stop apparatus is precisely
similar to my previously described plan.. Whenever, the thread fails the build
motion ceases, and commences again at its precise point of stoppage when the
thread is pieced.
The second head of my improvements is to be described in reference to
Figure 4 of Sheet 2 of my Drawings. This Figure represents a longitudinal
section of the joint which I employ for effecting the steam communication
between the fixed steam conducting pipes and the drying cylinders of dressing

page_text: or sizeing machines, as a substitute for the common stuffing box ordinarily used
for such purpose. In this Figure, A is the fixed supply pipe; and B, the pipe
or tubular shaft of the drying cylinder C, as fitted to revolve on the antifriction
pulley bearings D, D. To obviate the expense and frictional wear attending
the use of the common stuffing box, I form the joint entirely by metallic contact
of the two pipes, the rubbing surfaces being either conical, as in Figure 4, or
the mere flat faces of the squared ends of the pipes; in either case the contact
of the surfaces is maintained by a slight spring E. It is obvious that the
same joint is available in many other situations where a joint is to be effected
between a fixed and a revolving pipe. Figure 1, on Sheet 3 of my. Drawings;
is a complete longitudinal elevation of one modification of my improved
machine for finishing woven fabrics; Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the
same, shewing at one end a short piece of cloth in the act of being finished or
operated upon by the machine; Figure 3 is an elevation of the entering. or
feeding end of the machine, on a scale double the size of that of Figures *1.
and 2; Figure 4 is a plan, on a scale corresponding to Figure 3, of a portion
of one of the angling or finishing rails, with its flexible metallic straps and guide
pulleys and cross links complete; and Figure 5 is a transverse vertical section
of the same parts. The framing of this machine consists of two long side
standards or frames A, A, each cast in convenient lengths, and bolted together
longitudinally by flanges at B, B, whilst the two sides are held together trans-.
versely by stay rods C, C, bolted to each. The transverse rods C also answer
for carrying the upper pair of angling or finishing rails D, D, whilst corre-
sponding pairs of rods, bolted by suitable eyes to the lower parts of the pillars
or standards of the framing, similarly carry the lower or return pair of angling
rails E, E. The machine receives its motion from the first motion shaft F,
carrying the fast and loose pulleys G, and supported at the end H by a wall or
other external bearing, whilst its opposite extremity revolves in a bearing
carried by the standard I of one of the side frames A. The shaft F has keyed
upon it a pinion J, gearing with the large spur wheel K on the long transverse
link or strap barrel shaft L, carried in bearings at M, M, in the ends of the
two side frames, and supported at the end N by an external bearing, like the
first motion shaft F. The same shaft L also carries a bevil wheel O, set a
little outside the side frame, and gearing with a bevil pinion P, fast on the end
of the extended longitudinal shaft Q. This shaft is employed simply for con-
necting the opposite end of the machine directly with the driving power,, and
is supported by the six bearings R, R, in brackets bolted to one of the side
frames, and by a standard S at one end from the ground, its three lengths being

page_text: coupled in the usual manner by coupling boxes at T, T. At the opposite end,
this shaft has a second bevil pinion U, gearing with the bevil wheel V, fast.on
the second transverse link barrel shaft W. This shaft is fitted similarly, to the
corresponding shaft L, already. described, and is supported by bearings in the
two side frames. Each of the shafts L and W carries a pair of cast-iron link
or strap:barrels X, X, and Y, Y, for giving motion to the flexible link or.chain
belts Z, Z, which carry the fabric to be finished. The large end view of the
machine, Figure 3; and the detached views, Figures 4 and 5, show more
clearly the details of this portion of the mechanism; as the upper and lower pairs
of rails are similar in form, the description of the former pair will explain both.
Each rail D is of the section, represented, in Figure 5, the opposite edges of
the flat top: being: rounded, to fit to the concave peripheries of the pairs of guide
pulleys a, a, which are placed one, on each side the flat top, so as to "clip" it on
cach side. Thiese pulleys run; loose on studs; bolted into the double angular
ends of the cross bearing strap pieces b, each strap carrying.its pair of pulleys,
the, two ends of the strap being, bent, to form the double bearing sides. for the
pulley, studs,as, delineated in Figure 5. The flexible, belts or straps Zare
formed fofthin flat pieces; of steel, or other suitable metal or alloy, two straps
being placed side by side in each, extending between each pair of guide pulleys
throughout the series, so as to form;a, double parallel, flexible belt... The pulley
studs are made to answer as the joints for these straps, each stud being passed
through the two junction ends of each pair of straps, and in this way two
complete endless. flexible metallic belts or straps are formed, the inner line of
belts on each side being made to carry the stenter' points for holding the
selvages of the fabric in, the act; of being finished. The two sets of angling
rails D; Di and E; E, términate at the transverse dotted lines.c; near each end
of the framing, and close up to the peripheries of the two pairs of barrels X, X,
and Y, Y, which drive the belts. These barrels are cast open in the sides, or
with spokes, like a pulley, and at uniform intervals throughout their,periphery
recesses. d, d,cáre cast in or otherwise formed, to receive the cross straps with
their pairs of pulleys, as they come round in course of working. In this
manner the barrels act upon the bolts like, ordinary, pitch chain gear, the revo-
lution ofi.the barrels: in the direction indicated by the arrows causing each
pulley strap to fall into its proper recess, thus giving the pair of belts a continu-
ous horizontal motion, over ithe angular rails Dand E. These rails are made
zig-zag, or with a continuous uniformeseries or succession of horizontal angles
throughout their dength, with the exception of a straight portion at the enter-
ing or feeding end.A'; at this end the two pairs of rails are made to incline

page_text: or taper towards the longitudinal centre line of the frame.. The fabric to be
finished is hooked by its selvages upon the pins or stenter points on the inner
line of belts Z, running on the upper pair' of rails,, and becomes: gradually
stretched, after passing round the barrels X, to the full width between the
stenter points of the lower pair of belts. The traverse of the endless belts then
draws forward the fabric along the lower pair of angling rails, and brings it
back in a contrary direction along the upper pair, as indicated by the arrows.;
or, instead of' this arrangement, the upper and lower pairs of rails may be
made to finish: two separate pieces of, cloth, and, if, necessary,, the finish given
by cach may be different; as, for instance, the upper rails may give the angled
elastic finish, whilst the lower: rails, being made.straight for the purpose, may
give the common stiff finish.., As the belts are continuously traversed; along
their angular rails, the action of the guide pulleys, gives the belts a continuous
series of horizontal: angulár, movements, corresponding to the angles of the rails.
As both lines of. the double chains or belts are thus simultaneously angled, it
follows that the warp of the fabric stretched by its selvages between the two
inner chains is angled in a precisely similar manner as; represented by the short
piece of cloth e, e, on the upper length of belts. In this way, the longitudinal
warp threads are : continuously angled throughout the traverse of the fabric,
whilst the transverse' weft threads; being, unacted on laterally, are retained con-
stantly at right angles to the longitudinal centre, line of the machine, or to the
true longitudinal centre line of the piece, from which line the apices of the.
angles project equally on each side. By this arrangement,. the warp threads
are caused to move or work freely over the weft threads, and produce what is
technically known as the "elastic finish," without the use of transverse rods
passing across the piece. As this angling or finishing movement necessarily,
tends to take up or stretch the fabric, it is essential that some compensating
arrangement should be introduced to allow for such angular stretch or lateral
extension, in order to prevent injury to the fabric. I accomplish this compen-
sating action without any additional mechanism, by so proportioning the
lengths of each pair of straps from f'to g of the flexible belts to the angular
length of each incline. of the angled guide rails, that the action of the belts
shall effect the required compensation in themselves..
i
In order to explain this peculiar action more clearly, I shall now refer. to
Figures 6; 7, and 8; on Sheet 3 of my Drawings. Figure 6. represents a
diagram: plan of a pair of angling guide rails, with a portion of a pair of flexible
belts thereon; Figure 7 is an enlarged plan of a part of one. guide rail- and
belt, and Figure 8 is a transverse section of the same.

page_text: In these details, the rails have angular grooves in them as guides for the
belts, each joint in which carries a single pulley traversing in the groove, the
angling effect being precisely similar to that, of the arrangement delineated. in
the plan, Figure 2. Thus, if the actual length of each of the inclines of the
guides h, i, and i, j, be twenty-four inches, or the sum of both inclines forty-
eight inches, and the right line h, j, forming the base of the triangle. h, i, j, forty-
seven inches, then the proper compensating length of each strap, as from k to 1,
is equal or very nearly equal to eleven inches and five-eighths. The combined
length of the two belts, as comprehended between the letters k, l, m, is then
somewhat less than the length of each incline, as from h to . By thus
proportioning the straps to the angles, I obtain an accurate principle of com-
pensation for the angling stretch. Or, instead of obtaining the proper com-
pensation by thus using a strap or straps of a length shorter than that of the
inclines of the angled guides, it is obvious that a similar compensation may be
secured by making the inclines slightly shorter than the straps. As the belts
traverse along their guides, each strap loses or gains slightly in its path in
reference to the angles of the guide rails, that is, when the straps are shorter
than the inclines, whilst at n, n, the guide pulley is near the apex of the angles;
when it arrives at o, o, it is considerably short of that point, and consequently
the fabric is much less angled in the latter position. This is very clearly
shewn in the plan, Figure 2, where the fabric at p, p, is angled to its full
extent, whilst at q. 9, the angling is very slight, so that the tension caused by
the extreme angle at p, p, is compensated for at 9, 7. Machines of this class may
be made to work with belts, the pieces of which are double the length of those
which I have represented in my Drawings, on each separate strap, nearly corre-
sponding to the length of the inclines of the angles. But an objection is found
to exist in this plan, as, with the straps of nearly the full length of the inclines
in one piece, the angling or finishing action is very imperfect at each of the
joints, thus. more widely separated from each other, about. an inch at each
joint being left unbroken or unangled and, in its original stiff state. The
effect of the double. strap is clearly delineated in the plan, Figure 2, where
the fabric is represented as angled slightly in the line r, s, which part would
with a straight unjointed. strap of a length nearly equal to the incline be quite
unangled.
Figure 9, on the same Sheet of Drawings, represents a plan of a portion of
another arrangement of angling guide rail and flexible belts, and Figure 10 is a
transverse section of the same, corresponding. In this arrangement the angling
rail has two top edges t, t, against which the two guide pullies u, u, are made to

page_text: bear. The cross pieces v, v, carrying these guide pulleys, extend beyond the rail
on each side for carrying the flexible belts, the stenter points being attached to
one of these belts, as before. In this modification the increased length of the
cross pieces v, v, has the effect of preventing any binding of the pulleys on
the rails.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had, occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of my Invention; but what.
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the system or mode of regulating the building or laying-on action of
the yarn or thread in winding machines, and other machines of a similar class,
by the application of a stop apparatus, wherein the absence of the dragging
tension of the yarn or thread, in case of fracture or derangement, suspends the
building movement.
Second, the application and use of a stop apparatus, governed by the
dragging tension of the yarn or thread, for producing an acurate building or
copping motion, as herein-before described.
Third, the use and employment of friction connections between the copping
motions and the winding spindles, for the purposes herein-before described.
Fourth, the use and employment of an oscillating lever or arm acted on by
the dragging tension of the yarn or thread, as herein-before described.
Fifth, the system or mode of working the copping motions of an entire range
of spindles by one continuous shaft, as herein-before described.
Sixth, the adaptation and use of flat or conical metallic faces in the forma-
tion of joints between the fixed and revolving pipes or ducts of dressing machines
and apparatus of a similar nature.
Seventh, the system or mode of compensating or allowing for the angular
tension exerted upon fabrics in process of being finished; by proportioning the
length of the straps or pieces of the flexible belts to the length of the inclines.
of the angles of the finishing rails, as herein-before described.
Eighth, the system or mode of effecting the necessary compensation: for
the angular tension upon the fabric by the action of the flexible belts
themselves.
Ninth, the use and employment of the double or divided breaking or

page_text: angling action, derived from the adaptation of two or more straps of the belt
to each incline of the angling finishing rail:
Tenth; the use and employment of the angled guide grooves; or of angling
rails fitted with double sets of pulleys, for traversing the fabric:
Eleventh, the application and use of flexible metallic belts or straps for
imparting the angling action of the guide rails to tlie fabric:
'In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Lucas Paterson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Tenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.