IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SAWING OR CUTTING STONE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES"
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paulin Gay, of Boulevard Saint Dennis, 1, at Paris,
Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR SAWING OR CUTTING STONE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paulin Gay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1881.
PAULIN GAY, of Boulevard Saint Denis, 1, at Paris, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SAWING OR CUTTING STONE AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES."
This Invention refers to machinery or apparatns for sawing or cutting stone and
other substances by a new method, namely, by a travelling wire; and a convenient
way to carry the Invention into effect is as follows:-
Two or more pulleys or wheels are placed any desired distance apart either
vertically or otherwise on an apparatus or framing. These pulleys or wheels are
connected to each other by an endless wire, which may be either single, double, or
any convenient number of folds.
The wheels and cutting wire are set in motion by any prime mover in gear with
one or more of the wheels carrying the endless wire.
The wheels are revolved quickly and so as to give the wire a great speed, and by
the application of fine white sand and water or other material to the stone to be
cut or sawn, the said material being applied through a funnel, hopper, or otherwise,
the stone is cut through with a great speed.
The stone to be cut is placed on a bed and gradually raised automatically or
otherwise to the cutters as the cutting proceeds.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Paulin Gay in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 30th November 1881.
PAULIN GAY, of Boulevard Saint Denis, 1, at Paris, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SAWING OR CUTTING STONE AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES."
According to this Invention I employ an endless travelling wire or wires twisted
in the form of thin wire or wire ropes of a diameter suitable to the various
requirements of applications. If I use a single wire I use it twisted around its own
axis, and of a square or other section, and by preference not round; this system
has large powers of cutting or sawing, is capable of being modified considerably so
as to augment the useful effect of the machine, and may be applied to many
different purposes. The pulleys which carry the wire rope forming the endless
saw are mounted in bearings or blocks fitting in guide standards or frames; these
pulleys and cutting rope or wire are set in motion by any prime mover in gear
with one or more of the pulleys or wheels carrying the endless wire or cord. The
wheels are revolved quickly and so as to give to the cord a great travelling speed,
and by the application of fine white sand or other hard material, such as emery
and of water, to the saw cut, the said materials being applied through a funnel,
hopper, or otherwise, the stone is cut through with a great speed.
The wire rope has two movements, one a continuously progressing one and the
other a continuously revolving one, and these two movements in combination
produce a remarkably quick sawing or cutting action, because sufficient sand is
carried along with the rope or twisted wire; the rope or wire will also therefore
last longer than without the revolving motion, as it is the sand which acts and not
the wire or rope.
The pulleys which carry the endless wire rope may be operated by hand or
power.
The apparatus may be made stationary for cutting blocks on stands, or made
portable by the addition of two pairs of road wheels or castors.
One of the principal means for working with this saw is sand of quartz or emery,
or in fact any other suitable hard substance; this sand accumulates in the helicoidal
grooves in the cord during the operation. The object of the endless wire being
twisted or of the wires being twisted into a cord is to serve as a means for the
rapid conduction of the sand, while at the same time it renders its action very
energetic. The endless cord or wire may be of steel, iron, or other suitable
metal.
The cord should be made of one wire or as few wires as possible, and when
employing only one wire wound round itself and so as to form an endless cord I
produce only one joint, and these two ends of the wire may be welded or brazed
together. 1 may thus also out of one wire make a cord having two or more
strands and with no visible joint at all, and rendering the cord quite uniform
throughout its length..
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 an end
view, and Figure 3, a part plan of an apparatus constructed according to this my
Invention. The two sleepers or bottom frame members B are connected by two I
shaped cross guides C, and carry each two standards D, spaced apart and united at
top by the bars or members E, which latter are connected by two I shaped cross
girders C¹; there are also two other cross girders C", which form intermediate and
stiffening connection between the standards D; these latter are connected two and
two by the pieces F at top and bottom.

page_text: The blocks G which work between the so formed upright guides D, D, have four
steel rollers g for reducing the friction in the guides D which are surfaced in this
place, and these rollers are fitted with protecting shield for keeping the sand away
from these parts.
H, H, shown at Figure 2, are small hand wheels, each of which is mounted on a
screw with centre point for adjusting the position of the cutting cord J as it winds
on to the pulleys I. These latter are of a size in proportion to the number of
turns the cord is intended to wind on them; this number is quite optional.
The tension pulleys K have the threefold office of, firstly, determining the tension
which it is desired to give the cutting cord J; of, secondly, ensuring the fixity or
steadiness of line of draught of cord laterally; and of, thirdly, imparting a
continuous movement of rotation to the cutting cord J as it passes into the helical
grooves in the pulleys I; for this purpose the tension pulleys K are formed with a
helicoidal groove in their periphery.
The required tension is obtained by means of a link L' jointed to a screw M,
(fitted with a hand wheel) and to a lever L having its fulcrum in a block or
shoe N, intermediate between that point and its other end which carries the
tension pulley K. By this arrangement when the cord J assumes a position such
as indicated by J¹, I am enabled to cut a block of a greater height than the
diameter of the pulleys I.
O, O, are links or bars which serve for the suspension of the pulleys I, and are
united by the eyes O', wherein the levers L are free to work.
The brackets or chairs P, carry guide pulleys Q for the two cords R, R¹ to pass
over, in which the pulleys I are suspended on the lines or axes A, A, and A', A³, as
shown at Figure 3. It will be observed that the two cords R, R¹, run to the same
point S, and when passing this point turn into the vertical direction, carrying one
common counterweight T, so that by a single pressure on the counterweight the
pulleys I can be manipulated in a very accurate manner, lowering thẻ cutting wire
as it cuts its way into the stone.
The pulley V on the spindle which carries the pulley I receives motion by hand
or power. The driving strap may have a jockey pulley to give it the required
tension.
The stone to be cut may be on a carriage or on the ground; the machine may
comprise any known carriages, such as those used in machines for grooving and
rebating so as to give the stone any desired angle if desired, or horizontal or
vertical.
The machine may be made with four pulleys I, arranged at two levels in order
to avoid the use of very large pulleys; 1 may use as many cords a I like side by
side by means of pulleys arranged parallel to each other, as shown at Figure 4, or
by means of wide grooved drums for similarly carrying a number of cords, as shown
at Fig. 5.
A. cord of great length may also be employed, as shown in Figure 6, or similar
multiple cords may be employed for cutting the stone into a number of flags, as
shown at Figure 7. The inachine then comprises a fixed carriage or framing x,
and a movable automatic tension carriage y running down an inclined plane.
I may also, as shown in plan at Figure 8, and in elevation at Figure 9, arrange
a framing for cutting in the stone-yard three stones at a time.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this my Invention and
modes of carrying the same into effect, I declare that I do not broadly claim the
construction of machinery for cutting stone by means of endless wire, sand and
water being supplied to the cut, but I claim,-
First. In machines for cutting stone and other materials, the application of one
or more endless twisted wires or ropes having a travelling or continuously
progressive motion, simultaneously together with an axially revolving motion as
described.
Second. The combination of parts forming the improved machine for cutting

page_text: stone and other materials, substantially as described with reference to the
accompanying Drawings...
In witness whereof, I, the said Paulin Gay, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty sixth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,.
ALBERT CAHEN,
Of Boulevard St. Denis, 1,
at Paris.
PAULIN GAY. (L.S.)