matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION OF BONNETS AND OTHER. ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bartholomew Mullord and
Alexander Mullord, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,.
with their Petition, on the 13th May 1868.
We, HENRY BARTHOLOMEW MULLORD and ALEXANDER MULLORD,.
Manufacturing Stationers, both of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION OF BONNETS AND OTHER.
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to a material or materials to be applied for-
ornamenting bonnets and other similar purposes, and also for the-
manufacture of collars, cuffs, and such like articles. This improved
material is composed. of a silk. or satin fabric with a. backing of. one.
or more thicknesses. of paper or parchment to give it the required
stiffness and durability. The silk or satin fabric is caused to adhere to
the backing by means of glue or other adhesive substance. This
combined material we ornament by embossing and perforating in
suitable designs according to the purpose to which it is to be applied..
The embossing is performed in the ordinary manner by means of a die,.
the perforations being produced by rubbing on the reverse or paper side:

page_text: of the material with glass paper, the friction wearing away the portions
of the fabric raised on that side by the die. We then prefer to apply
a finer quality of glass paper to remove the frayed edge of the silk or
satin fabric produced by the perforations. Instead of having a silk or
satin facing as above we may use crape, muslin, velvet, leather, straw,
or wood veneer for the same purpose. The material or substance forming
the facing would in each case be provided with a backing of paper or
parchment to give it the necessary stiffness, and be afterwards embossed
and perforated in the manner herein-before described. When straw
is employed as a facing each straw is first split longitudinally and
then laid side by side on a muslin or other foundation, to which they
are attached by means of glue or other adhesive substance, the whole
being afterwards applied as before on the paper or parchment backing
and embossed and perforated in the manner herein-before described.
Materials so produced are also applicable more or less for ornamenting
valentines and the covers of books.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN INTO FLOUR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1868.-A communication from abroad by Henry
Beaufort Sears, of New York, in the United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
MANUFACTURING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN INTO FLOUR," a communication to
me from abroad by Henry Beaufort Sears, of New York, in the United
States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination of apparatus em-
ployed in flour mills whereby the whiteness or quality of the flour is
improved, a minute subdivision of the meal accompanied by an
instantaneous cooling effect on the ground material is obtained, the
bran is perfectly cleaned and freed from flour (thus increasing the
yield of flour), and the use of special elevators for raising the meal
into the "bolt" or dressing machine is dispensed with.

page_text: According to this Invention a pipe leads from the closed casing of
the millstones downwards to an exhausting fan, which not only
exhausts air from between the stones and causes fresh cool air to enter
through the eye of the upper stone but extracts the meal and ground
material from the millstone case. This meal on arriving at the fan
enters the casing thereof, and is immediately blown up a vertical pipe
into a hopper, the top of which is covered by a frame of gauze, thin
calico, or other suitable permeable fabric, whilst the discharge spout of
the same opens into the "bolt" or dressing machine. The air escapes
through the gauze whilst the flour and meal is deposited in the
hopper, and descends thence by the discharge spout into the "bolt."
The gauze is disposed in corrugations so as to expose a larger per-
meable surface for the escape of the air, and a vibrating or shaking
motion is imparted to the gauze frame by the aid of a revolving tappet
and lever arm for the purpose of shaking off any flour which may
adhere to or collect upon the straining gauze.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF PACKING, COVERING, OR MAKING UP. MATERIALS WOUND UPON SPOOLS OR IN THE FORM OF BUNDLES. OR. SKEINS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Ellis Allen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1868..
I, EDWARD ELLIS ALLEN, of 40, Parliament Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF PACKING, COVERING, OR
MAKING UP. MATERIALS WOUND UPON SPOOLS OR IN THE FORM OF BUNDLES. OR.
SKEINS," to be as follows:-
I cover the spools upon which sewing and crochet cotton, sewing
silk, thread, and cord are wound with clastic tubing for the purpose-
of keeping the materials free from dirt, as also to prevent their
unreeling, the elastic tubing contracting upon the materials as they
are diminished by use.. The spools-may be wholly or partially covered.
by elastic tubing inasmuch as paper wrapped round: the spools and.
confined by india-rubber rings would answer the purpose although not-
so effectually. In covering the spools they may be done separately,.
but in covering large numbers I place a number spools end to end.
in a metal tube at the end of which an clastic tube is temporally
fitted, and the said tube distended by having air blown into it, the

page_text: spools being afterwards allowed to pass from the metal tube into the
elastic tube. The elastic tube is then cut into lengths each containing
one or two spools. In the case of bundles or skeins I draw them
through small elastic tubes or paper tubes confined by elastic rings,
cutting the skeins or hanks so as to allow the threads to be withdrawn
as wanted for use. Other material besides paper may be used, the
various fabrics covered with india-rubber being in some cases suitable,
that is, when used so that they may be somewhat clastic. In some
cases I enclose the spool in a pasteboard box having a fine slit in
it through which the end of the thread passes and so prevents
unreeling.
PRODUCING IMITATIONS OF AND SUBSTITUTES FOR WOOD, IVORY, STONE, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1868.-A communication from abroad by David
Blake, of Albany, State of New York, in the United States of
America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "PRODUCING IMITATIONS OF AND SUBSTITUTES FOR WOOD, IVORY,
STONE, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," a communication from abroad by
David Blake, of Albany, State of New York, in the United States of
America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of imitations of or substitutes
for wood, ivory, stone, and other hard substances, and consists in grinding
to a fine flock any dry fibrous material, to which flock, gum, shellac, or
other fusible adhesive material reduced to a fine dust or powder is to be
thoroughly mixed in the proportions of about equal parts by weight of
each when the greatest strength is required, but these proportions may
be varied for different articles, and they may be supplemented by white

page_text: lead or other substance so as to increase or reduce the specific gravity,
or by various pigments for the purpose of coloring. A sufficient
quantity of the compound or mixture for the required article is placed
in a mould, the temperature of which is sufficiently elevated to fuse the
gum, whereupon the said compound is subjected to pressure whilst in the
mould, which pressure is maintailed till the article is cold. By the
above means an article may be produced having the weight, elasticity,
hardness, and durability of ivory, and by changing the proportions the
qualities of wood, stone, and other materials may be obtained. In order
to give the appearance of ivory, as well as its other qualities, collodion in a
thick solution may be employed, to which is added a white pigment to give
it whiteness; by dipping the article in this solution and repeating the process
the desired thickness of coating is obtained. When making billiard halls,
with a view to get the best results with the least labor, the dipping may
be repeated before the previous coating is fully dry. In some cases in
order to prevent the too rapid evaporation-of-the-collodion, the_article_
may be enclosed in such a manner as as to prevent the free circulation
of air about it. With a view to imparting the appearance of ivory to
articles made from other substances, such as wood or metal, they may be
simply subjected to the dipping process above referred to. By covering
the article with-glue, linseed oil, or some resinous gum the collodion
adheres better, and by mixing with the collodion a drying oil it dries
'more slowly, and is softer, tougher, and more adhesive when required
for covering a concave surface; this is important, as the collodion alone
by its rapid evaporation has a tendency to pull itself loose from such
surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING OR ILLUMINATING STAINED, PAINTED,. OR. COLORED. WINDOWS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Perry. at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 17th.
December 1868..
I, ARTHUR PERRY, of Dartford, in the County of Kent, Printer and
Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING OR ILLUMINATING STAINED, PAINTED,. OR. COLORED.
WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
The method proposed for carrying out this Invention is by placing
artificial light with reflectors on the exterior of the building so as to
produce a more brilliant light outside the window than on the inside
of it, whereby the designs and colors will be effectually illuminated
and will be seen from the interior of the building. I do not confine
myself to any special arrangement of illuminating or for reflecting the
light, but propose to adapt arrangements according to the requirements.
of each case, the essential feature of cach case being the fixing of

page_text: artificial lights on the exterior of painted and colored windows for the
purpose of exhibiting their colors and designs in the interiors of buildings
at night, and at the same time assisting in the general illumination of
the building.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING SLIDES FOR CANDLE- STICKS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Price at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
August 1868.
I, LEWIS PRICE, of the Firm of Reed and Price, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING SLIDES FOR CANDLE-
STICKS," to be as follows:-
The ordinary spring slide for candlesticks consists of a strip of sheet
iron bent near its middle into the form of a hook or an inverted U, its
two sides being nearly parallel. The side to which the thumb bit or
lift passing through the slot of the candlestick is affixed is longer than
the other or free side, and the socket or support for the candle is fixed
on the bend or top of the spring slide. In introducing the spring slide
into the candlestick the two sides are pressed together and it frequently
happens that the spring takes a permanent set, which impairs its
action or it is frequently broken in attempting to restore it to its
original form.
In making spring slides for candlesticks according to my Invention
I employ a strip of iron of greater length than that ordinarily employed,

page_text: and I make the free side of the spring slide of greater length than usual,
I also curve the lower part of the said free side into a nearly semi-
circular figure, the concave side of the curve being turned towards the
other side of the spring slide. The bottom of the free side of the slide
being bent inwards it constitutes a stop which prevents the too great
compression and injury or breakage of the spring when introduced
into the candlestick, the bottom or stop of the free side coming in
contact with the other side before the slide has been so far compressed
as is necessary to give it a permanent set, owing to the greater length
and curvature of the free side of the slide it has also greater elasticity.
Although I prefer to make the stop at the bottom of the slide by the
bending inwards of the strip of iron forming the free side of the slide,
yet the stop which constitutes the essence of my Invention may be
made by rivetting a separate piece to the free side or be otherwise
made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davis Hoskold, John Davis,
and George Printy Wheeler at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th May 1868.
We, HENRY DAVIS HOSKOLD, of Cinderford, in the County of
Gloucester, Mining Engineer, JOHN DAVIS, of Saint White's, Mining
Engineer, in the aforesaid County, and GEORGE PRINTY WHEELER,
of Abinghall, also in the said County of Gloucester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to manufacture from small coal or
coal dust a cheap and highly concentrated fuel which when burnt will
produce little smoke.
Our Invention consists in mixing with the small coal or coal dust
clay or silicate of alumina, sulphuric acid, and carbonaceous or other
cementing or binding matters. This mixture is formed into blocks and
when dried is ready for use as fuel; owing to its coking power, and to
the ingredients which bind it together, this fuel will sustain combustion
for a longer time and give a greater degree of heat then any fuel
heretofore made from coal dust.

page_text: We do not limit ourselves to any particular proportions of the
ingredients before named, but the following are what we consider good
proportions, viz. :-
17 cwt. of small coal or coal dust.
21
28 lbs.
"
وو
clay or silicate of alumina.
4 "
The resin may be either
دو
resin or other cementing matter.
sulphuric acid or vitriol.
made into size dissolved by boiling in soda ash
or alkali, or it may be used dry in the state of powder.
The mode in which we manufacture the fuel is as follows:-The clay
is dried and sifted, or otherwise formed by suitable machinery into
particles of about equal size to the coal dust, and then mixed therewith,
the resin size well diluted with water is then added; or if the resin is
used dry it is mixed with the coal dust and the water is added separately;
lastly, the sulphuric acid or vitriol is added. The whole when well
mixed together forms a compact ductile mass ready to be moulded under
pressure or otherwise into a firm block or blocks; when dried at about
300° Fahrenheit it becomes a solid hard block which will resist the
action of water and will not break in removal or conveyance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING OR MIXING COLORS OR OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Radford Mather at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th July 1868.
I, GEORGE RADFORD MATHER, of Wellingborough, in the County of
Northampton, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING OR MIXING COLORS OR OTHER
MATTERS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the grinding or mixing of
colors or other matters. The color or other matter and the oil or other
fluid to be ground or mixed with it are placed in a vessel, the lower
portion of which opens into the smaller end of an internal cone, the axial
line of which is in or about a horizontal position. Into this stationary
conical surface is applied a corresponding conical surface, which is
affixed to an axis which passes through a suitable opening provided for
it in the side of the vessel to be turned by a winch handle or by other
suitable means. The conical surfaces in contact constitute the grinding
surfaces. This revolving cone is formed by preference of steel or of iron
with its surfaces chilled, and with grooves or recesses in its surface in a
direction inclined across its axis or otherwise. These grooves extend nearly

page_text: across the conical surface, being open at one end and closed at the other
The form of
end, the open ends alternating with the ends of the cone.
the grooves is such as near as may be to render the wearing surfaces
of the cone equal. The smaller end or apex of the cone and the
corresponding part of the vessel or case may be formed with teeth or
projections to facilitate crushing and mixing before the matters pass
between the conical surfaces, and this part of the vessel or of the cone
is considerably larger at that side of it where the matters pass, to the
end of the revolving cone and progressively diminish to the opposite
side, or the enlargement may be partly in each. As the matters pass
from between the conical surfaces they are conducted by a spout to any
suitable receiver placed in position. To prevent the passage of fluid by
the axle the axle has a flange or boss, and is applied in a recess
formed for it in the case, where there is a packing of leather or other
suitable material between the flange or boss and a conical end to the
cone, the leather or other material having a corresponding recess in it,
and the degree of tension may be varied by a nut on the axle inside the
The extent of cut is regulated by a lever capable of adjustment.
The power may be applied at either side, and otherwise variations may
be made in the relations of some of the parts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Butterworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1868.
I, ELLIS BUTTERWORTH, of Calder Cottage, near Rochdale, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to self-feeding furnaces or fire-places, and
consists,―
First. In driving the bars or grates along by means of screws; these
screws I propose to make with a varying pitch of thread.
Secondly. In returning fire-bars from back to front of furnaces by
means of notched bars or catches mounted on bars.
Thirdly. In furnaces where longitudinal bars are used I propose to
make them in short lengths, and mount them on cross bars which slide
in grooves on each side of the furnace.
Fourthly. In furnaces where chains are used to pull the bars along
I propose to form projections on the bars to fit into notches on the

page_text: chains, or projections on the chains to fit into notches on the bars; by
this means the bars can easily be taken away when required. I also
propose to employ screws for tightening these chains when required.
Fifthly. I propose to bring the ashes from back to front of the ash-
pit by means of scrapers actuated by screws or other means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE. OF RETORTS, RETORT CASINGS, CRUCIBLES, AND MELTING POTS FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Malam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
April 1868. ⚫
I, WILLIAM MALAM, of Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey,
Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE. OF RETORTS, RETORT CASINGS, CRUCIBLES, AND MELTING POTS FOR
VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto dead oils of naphtha and coal tar have not been used for
illuminating purposes. Whereas according to my Invention I employ
such dead oils, feeding the same into heated retorts. in order to
manufacture gas therefrom, and I keep such oils.in a sufficiently warm
and fluid state by means of heated air conveyed. to the reservoir
containing them by a tube or duct leading to near the bottom of the
oil reservoir from the furnace or retort chamber..
My improved apparatus. for the manufacture of gas from oil is thus
constructed:-The furnace or chamber containing the retorts is-
constructed with flues leading upwards from. the fire-place and passing

page_text: between and beside the retorts, and they are fed with fuel as required
through feeding holes at their upper ends, such fuel dropping through
them to the fire. The oil is fed into the retorts from a reservoir
mounted above the furnace, whence the oil descends through short
pipes provided with stop-cocks into feeding and regulating gauges
communicating with the retorts. The gas is carried upward from the
retorts through discharge pipes into a valve box or indicating chamber
at the upper part of the apparatus, the said pipes entering therein and
descending to nearly the bottom thereof, so that the cessation of sound
in any of the pipes will indicate the cessation of work in the retort with
which the same may correspond.
Next my Invention has for its object an improved manufacture of
gas and other retorts, retort casings, crucibles, and melting pots. I
manufacture these articles according to my Invention of a composition
consisting of asbestos or tale (or compounds thereof) combined with
fire-clay, fire-brick, rough stuff, or other refractory material.
One mode of manufacturing the articles is the following:-After
mixing the refractory material with water and kneading it so as to
óbtain it in a pasty consistency on the mould I work the asbestos or
talc into the material, laying it on in films, flakes, or layers, or in a
powdered pulverulent condition so that it becomes incorporated with
the material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS OR BONNETS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Wyllie Rodger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th September 1808.
I, ALEXANDER WYLLIE RODGER, of Stewarton, in the County of
Ayr, North Britain, do hereby declare tho nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS OR BONNETS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the production of a cap or bonnet
which will accurately fit several sizes of heads, and which will also
expand or contract to suit the head under different degrees of tempe-
rature or other circumstances. It consists essentially in the insertion of
a piece or pieces of elastic or other suitable expanding and contracting
material at one or more places round the mouth or that part of the cap
or bonnet which fits the head; or if preferred the same object may be
effected by employing bands or straps provided with graduated adjustable
fixings. It is preferred to fit this expanding and contracting material or
other adjustable appliance in the ordinary A-shaped space at the back of
the cap or bonnet, but it is obvious that any other suitable position may

page_text: be adopted without departing from the principle of the Invention. A
considerable advantage will be gained by the adoption of this Invention,
as it will enable the maker or seller to suit their customers out
of a much smaller stock than they require to keep under existing
arrangements.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
September 1868.
I, CHARLES TURNER, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of effecting the more
perfect combustion of gases evolved from the fuel in furnaces by the
peculiar admission of cold air into the midst of the furnace, which
mixing with the unconsumed gases when passing forward over the
"bridge" becomes thoroughly consumed; and the improvements consist
in perforating or forming apertures or holes in the front of the furnace
plate above the doorway that are capable of being closed by dampers
or shutters, and through which when open a current of air is admitted
which is caused to strike or impinge against a "baffler" or inclined
plate projecting from a point above the before-mentioned apertures into
the furnace, terminating a few inches above the bars or grate, the
dimensions of such bars longitudinally being curtailed or reduced to
about two-thirds the length of the ordinary fire-bars, the remaining

page_text: one-third being built up with fire-bricks, forming thereby one elongated
"bridge," the passage from the furnace above this "bridge" being arched
over against the crown of the flue with fire-bricks forms a hot or heated
thoroughfare. Thus when the furnace is ignited the apertures in front
of the same are open or exposed, so that the draught of air rushing
through them is directed by the inclined "baffler" plate into the midst
of the burning fuel, thereby mixing the gases of combustion with those
evolved from the fuel, the effect of which upon such combined gases
when passing through the heated thoroughfare over the "bridge" is
to ignite and thoroughly consume them, thereby preventing the forma-
tion of smoke.
AN IMPROVED PLATE-WARMING APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th November 1868.-A communication from abroad by Louis
Hippolyte Lardit, of 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son,
of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PLATE-WARMING APPARATUS," a communication to me from
abroad by Louis Hippolyte Lardit, of 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris,
France, to be as follows:-
This improved plate warmer is in the shape of a cylinder supported on
feet, and portable by handles placed at the top. In its lower part are
arranged one or more sliding pans or drawers furnished with gratings or
wire gauze for the reception of any kind of fuel. This apparatus opens
at the side, one part of the cylindrical casing opening on hinges for the
introduction of the plates. Should there be a fire in the ordinary fire-
place of the apartment the hinged part of the casing may be thrown
open and the plates exposed to the heat of this fire, and but little or no

page_text: fuel be placed in the fire-boxes. In the interior and longitudinally are
arranged two cross pieces of wood or other material notched for the
reception of a certain number of plates. The plates being placed on edge
the caloric disengaged from the fuel placed in the sliding pans strikes at
once upon the entire surface of each plate, and being retained within
the apparatus, which when shut is completely air-tight, heats it with a
rapidity unapproached by any of the plate-warming ovens hitherto used.
The notched cross pieces of this apparatus may be advantageously
applied to any kind of plate-warming stove or oven. This improved
plate warmer may be made of any size and shape, although preference is
given to a cylindrical form.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COPYING INK
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederic Cooke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1868.
I, JOHN FREDERIC: COOKE, of 105, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COPYING INK," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in the manufacture of
copying ink, by which a fac-simile of writing can be obtained by
pressure of the paper written on against a sheet of copying paper without
the necessity of damping either or of using a copying press or roller..
This ink also is so made that much more writing can be done with it
than with the same quantity of ordinary ink..
To make ink possessing either or both of the properties above described
I substitute for from twenty to fifty per cent. of the quantity of water
used in the manufacture of ink the same volume of glycerine.
I also claim the right to substitute for glycerine in the manufacture of
this ink sugar, treacle, or chloride of calcium in solution in the same
proportions as the glycerinc.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF APPLYING A JET OR JETS OF STEAM TO BLACKSMITHS' FIRES, CUPOLAS, MILL FURNACES, SMELTING AND REFINING WORKS FOR DIRECTING HOT OR COLD BLAST THEREINTO, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR VENTILATING MINES AND BUILDINGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH A BLAST IS APPLICABLE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pinkney and Robert
Calvert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th March 1868.
We, WILLIAM PINKNEY, of Eggleston, Engineer, and ROBERT
CALVERT, of Bishop Auckland, Auctioneer, both in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF APPLYING A JET OR JETS OF STEAM TO BLACKSMITHS' FIRES,
CUPOLAS, MILL FURNACES, SMELTING AND REFINING WORKS FOR DIRECTING HOT
OR COLD BLAST THEREINTO, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR VENTILATING MINES AND
BUILDINGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH A BLAST IS APPLICABLE," to be
as follows:-
The novelty of this Invention consists in discharging a jet or jets
or current or currents of steam into and through funnel-shaped pieces
or nozzles fitted on to the ends of one or more pipes or air chambers
according to the purpose for which the blast is required so as to convey
a current of hot or cold air into blacksmiths' fires, cupolas, mill furnaces,
smelting and refining works, also in mines and buildings for ventilating
the same, and in applying this improved method of obtaining a blast
to other purposes where a blast is applicable.

page_text: The following is an example of the means by which this Invention
may be carried into practical effect, that is to say:-A pipe passes
from a boiler in which steam is generated, the said pipe being fitted
with a stop-cock for regulating the passage of steam through the said
pipe. There is a conical-shaped nozzle fitted on to the end of the
said pipe, and opposite thereto and a short distance therefrom a funnel-
shaped opening or duct is fixed and connected to the fire into which
the blast is to be directed, the sectional area of the said duct being
larger than that of the steam pipe and nozzle before mentioned, so that
when a jet or current of steam is allowed to enter the said funnel-
shaped duct it shall induce a current of cold air to mix therewith
in proportion to the volume of steam allowed to pass out of the steam
pipe.
For blacksmiths' fires the hot blast is obtained by forming the tuyere
iron with a hollow chamber in which the air is allowed to circulate
before it enters the fire, an outlet being made in the said tuyere iron
for that purpose.
For cupolas and smelting furnaces or works the hot blast is obtained
by surrounding the cupola with an air chamber or chambers, thereby
enclosing the cupola and hearth of the smelting furnace. The blast of
steam and air in a more or less heated state is admitted into the
said chamber, whence it passes into the cupola or to the hearth by
suitable openings formed in and through the inner lining thereof.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GLASS ORNAMENT APPLICABLE TO LACE AND OTHER FABRICS, AND THE INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE SAME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Alfred Cowper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th July 1868.
I, EDWARD ALFRED COWPER, of No. 6, Great George Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED GLASS ORNAMENT APPLICABLE
TO LACE AND OTHER FABRICS, AND THE INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
THE PRODUCTION OF THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture and application of a new
kind of ornament for lace, articles of apparel, and other purposes for
which beads have hitherto been employed, and consists in the con-
struction and use of pieces of glass of peculiar form punched out of a
heated sheet or thin piece of glass in such manner that the natural
polished surface of the glass is left untouched by the punch or bolster,
no hole being formed in the glass so punched out, but the surface on
one side being rounded or convex and on the other side flat or nearly
so, such flat surface being stuck on to the article to be ornamented
by means of cement, and it is found that the cement commonly known

page_text: as "diamond cement" answers very well for the purpose, it being
practically waterproof and therefore not liable to be affected by moisture
or rain, but other cements may be used. Various instruments or
apparatus may be employed for punching out the glass; thus two
cylinders may be employed, the one being hollow and having a number
of small perforations all over its surface, while the other has a corre-
sponding number of studs or punches fitting into such perforations
as the rollers are made to revolve together. The sheet of glass in a
heated condition is passed between the rollers, when the punches on
the one roller will punch portions of the glass into the holes in the
other roller, and thus separate them from the sheet of glass in the
form of half beads, the flat or nearly flat surface being that upon
which the punches acted, while the rounded surface is formed by the
bulging of the glass into the hole and retains its full natural polish.
Or in place of the said cylinders two flat plates may be employed, the
one having the perforations as described while the other carries the
punches, the two plates being made to advance and recede to and
from each other while a heated plate of glass is placed between them;
the half beads will be punched out of the latter in the same manner as
with the rollers. In this case the punches may with advantage be
made to work through a perforated plate before acting upon the
glass, so that on receding any waste glass adhering to the punches
may strip off. Such glass ornaments may also be formed by pressing
glass into moulds in a similar manner to that in which glass buttons
with shanks and glass beads with holes in them are now made, but I
prefer the mode of manufacture first described as the polish is better
preserved thereby.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR PREVENTING THE FOULING OF IRON AND OTHER SHIPS' BOTTOMя
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
June 1868.
I, ROBERT SMITH, of Compton Road, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Shipowner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR PREVENTING THE FOULING OF
IRON AND OTHER SHIPS' BOTTOMя," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a new mode of preventing the fouling of the
bottoms of iron ships or of ships sheathed with zinc or copper by means
of what I term the atmospheric remedy. For this purpose I place a
pipe along each side of the keel, stem, and stern post of the ship to be
protected. These pipes I fill with a compound generating or producing
a strong gas or vapor capable of destroying barnacles, animalcula, or
other animal or vegetable life liable to foul the ship's bottom. The gas
escaping through perforations provided in the above-mentioned pipes
mingles with the air in the surrounding water, and by destroying all
animalcula in the vicinity of the ship effectually prevents the fouling of
the bottom.

page_text: The ingredients of which the composition above mentioned is composed
are as follows:-Sulphur, rosin, and fish or other oil in about equal
proportions. For rosin raw turpentine or pitch may be substituted if
desired. The above ingredients are mixed together by heat, and are
reduced to a plastic mass with which the pipes are completely filled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1868.-A communication from abroad by Louis
Charles Emile Vial, of Paris, France.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City
of Glasgow, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING," (a communication to me from abroad
by Louis Charles Emile Vial, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the decarburation of gas and the dehydro-
genation of ammonia, from which it is evident that the process employed
is precisely the reverse of those heretofore known and in use for the
production of lighting or carburetted hydrogen gases. It consists in
decomposing the gases by electricity or by superheating, either at the
time of or after their production and before or after their purification,
either alone or with coke mixed with steam, or with coke only, or with
iron, or with any other matte: capable of reducing them, firstly, all
gases and carburets of hydrogen whether gaseous, liquid, or solid,

page_text: capable of being decomposed by means of electricity or by heat, and
by decarburation, being thus converted into gases absolutely fixed,
undecomposable, uncondensable, non-carburetted, and combustible, such
is hydrogen, which then doubles its volume; secondly, ammoniacal
gas and all bodies containing ammonia or capable of forming it (as
occurs in the distillation of coal) and of being decomposed by electricity
or heat, giving up at the same time their hydrogen.
The bodies employed for the production of the gas will be all com-
bustible, organic, or mineral matters, but principally fatty bodies, such
as oils, fats, and so forth, resinous matters, tar, bituminous schists, turf,
wood, carbon, such as coal, and the like. In a word, all bodies capable
of yielding by distillation hydrogen, hydrocarburets, or ammonia when
heated alone or with coke either by itself or mixed with steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKSCREWS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Page at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
June 1868.
I, JOSEPH PAGE, of No. 70, Mott Street, Birmingham, in the County'
of Warwickshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKSCREWS," to be as follows:-
On the shaft (or shank) of an ordinary shaped corkscrew I place
a metal collar, which works up and down by means of a screw cut
upon the shaft in the reverse direction of the twist of the piercing
worm, a corresponding female screw being cut within the collar. I
also attach to the shaft the usual bell-shaped frame, the neck of which
moves freely (without screw) up and down the shaft between the collar
and piercing worm; the upper end of this frame neck and the lower
end of the collar are provided with ratchet teeth or claws fitting each
other. In using, the collar is placed at the end of shaft nearest the
handle, so that when the worm has pierced the cork the ratchet teeth
of the collar are brought into contact with those of the frame neck,
and by continuing to turn the cork is drawn by the reversing action
of the screw on shaft.

page_text: Another means of carrying out the above Invention is by substituting
the screw on shaft by a rack, and the female screw in collar by a
pinion instead of continuing to turn the handle after the piercing
worm is inserted in the cork. The pinion is made use of to lift the
cork from the bottle. In this arrangement the ratchet teeth may be
dispensed with.
AN IMPROVED. MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING METALLIC.ORES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rule at the Office of
the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1868..
I, WILLIAM RULE, the younger, of Dolcoath Mine, in the Parish of
Camborne, in the County of Cornwall, Tin Dresser,. do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED. MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR
DRESSING METALLIC.ORES," to be as follows:-
A table circular in form and with a.roughened surface and having an
inclination. towards its center, which is-cut out, is made to revolve slowly,
and during its revolution the metallic ore and the carthy and other
foreign matters from which it has to be separated are allowed to fall in
a. semi-fluid state upon the periphery of this table, and owing to the
inclination of the table towards the center the earthy and other
foreign matters gradually descend.through the hole in the center, leaving
the heavy metallic ore which is. afterwards washed off as it reaches a
certain point in the revolution of the table into a separate receptacle.

page_text: by a strong stream of water being allowed to flow over that part;
water may also be applied throughout or for any portion of the
revolution to accelerate the disintegration of the earthy and other
foreign matters and cause their speedier deposition in the center.
CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Voigt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
October 1868.
I, GEORGE VOIGT, of Cahir, in the County of Tipperary, Ireland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of providing for railway
trains a novel construction of apparatus in connection with the break
blocks that will enable the train when in motion and the apparatus is
released to apply its own break power by self-acting means, and the
improvements consist in continuing the shaft of the ordinary buffer
through the cross head of the carriage to a point near the centre midway
between and above the axle trees. The termination of the buffer shaft
slide in a tube that is supported in bearings and connected by a centre
shaft or rod under the cross bar with which each carriage is provided;
the termination of these shafts or rods are provided with buffers, and the
rods themselves are connected by an arrangement of levers with the
tube in which the buffer shafts slide, so that when a forward movement
is transmitted to the central shaft or rod a partial turn is simultaneously
given to the tube. Connected to this tube is a lever that gives when the

page_text: tube turns a rising motion to a vertical sliding bar having an equidistant
position between the inner peripheries of the carriage wheels, to which
rods the break blocks supported in the ordinary manner are connected,
the connection of such rods with the vertical sliding rod being somewhat
below their point of connection with the block, so that a rise given to the
vertical rod will forcibly cause the block to bear and press upon the
periphery of the wheels. The elongated buffer bars when the buffers are
not compressed retain by means of a projection on such bar the tubes
into which they are inserted in a rigid and steady position, but so soon
as the buffers are compressed the projections on the buffer shafts move
along a slot in the said tubes, at the termination of which when the
"buffers" are fully compressed the tube is released, at which time a
fixed buffer on the tender comes into contact with the central shaft
or rod underneath the draw bar, the effect of which is to force such rod
forward into contact with the rod of the next carriage, and so on
successively throughout the train, the effect of which is that cach sliding
or forward motion of rods transmit to their respective tubes through the
connecting lever before-mentioned a partial turn which elevates or raises
the vertical sliding rod in connection with the break block, thus
effectually and by self-acting means applying the breaks so as to retard
and stop the train.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING POWDERS OF SULPHATE OF BARYTES OF VARIOUS DEGREES OF FINENESS, THUS OBTAINING AN EXCEEDINGLY FINE POWDER, AND IN THE SEPARATING APPARATUS ADOPTED POR THE SAME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Edwin Billups at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th February 1868.
I, JONATHAN EDWIN BILLUPS, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan,
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING POWDERS OF SULPHATE OF BARYTES OF VARIOUS
DEGREES OF FINENESS, THUS OBTAINING AN EXCEEDINGLY FINE POWDER, AND IN
THE SEPARATING APPARATUS ADOPTED POR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The mineral after passing through the usual processes of washing,
crushing, and grinding is submitted to the action of a strong blast, and
blown through a long chamber which is divided into several compart-
ments throughout its length. These compartments or bins, as they may
be termed, admit of a rapid deposit of the powder or flour of several
degrees of fineness, and it then falls into barrels placed to receive the
same, and thus the coarser and finer powders are separated, a very fine
powder coming from the last compartment. By using a Lloyd's fan

page_text: and blowing the coarse powder as it comes from the grinding mills
through the same in conjunction with the long chamber and bins
aforesaid the process will be satisfactorily accomplished, but any means
of blowing so as to effectuate the separating above mentioned may be
adopted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS FOR CLEANING GOLD, SILVER, AND PLATED GooDs
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jackson Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
6th May 1868..
I, HENRY JACKSON DAVIES, of Dalton in Furness, in: tlie County
of Lancaster; do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS FOR CLEANING GOLD, SILVER, AND PLATED
GooDs," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in compositions for
cleaning gold, silver, and plated goods. For this purpose I employ a
composition consisting of borax, Glauber salts, blue vitriol, cyanide of
potassium, alcohol, and aromatic spirits of ammonia.. These materials.
I employ by preference in the following proportions :-
Borax
Glauber salts
Blue vitriol -
Cyanide of potassium
Alcohol
Aromatic spirits of ammonia
16 parts..
-
16
93
-
8
"
30
33°
21
"
11
"
102

page_text: These materials when required for use are dissolved in soft water, and
the articles to be cleaned are dipped into the solution and then rapidly
taken out, washed, and dried.
The proportions may be to some extent varied without departing from
my Invention, and one or other materials may be omitted or substances 5
of a kindred nature substituted, but without substantially altering the
nature of the compound.