IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKMAKING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Lürmann, Civil Engeneer, of Osna-
brück, Empire of Germany, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRICKMAKING MACHINES."
Sealed the 4th September 1874, and dated the 18th March 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Lürmann
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th March 1874.
I, FREDERICK LÜRMANN, Civil Engeneer, of Osnabrück, Empire of
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN BRICKMAKING MACHINES," to be as follows:
:―
at the Once of the Commissioners of Patents, with his retition,
on the 18th March 1874.
I, FREDERICK LÜRMANN, Civil Engeneer, of Osnabrück, Empire of
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN BRICKMAKING MACHINES," to be as follows:-

page_text: the frame are bearings, in which the two main shafts move. These
shafts are parallel to each other, & at a right angle to the longitudinal
direction of the frame. The one carries a loose and fast pulley (the
latter serving for a fly wheel) for transmission of the power from the
motor, & outside the bearings two pinions. The other shaft has a
crank in the middle, & outside its bearings two pairs of eccentrics &
two spur wheels, in which the above mentioned pinions gear, & an
adjustable crank at one end of the shaft. A connecting rod with
bearings at the crank end carries at the other end the cross head axle,
which is fastened by means of safety bolts to the cross head. The latter
glides on the guiding strip of the frame & carries the large pressing
ram, which is securely guided in a guide box, moves through the feeding
box, & presses the materials into the mould, thus forming the bricks.
The opposite end of the mould is open, but by a movement of the
machine it is temporarily closed by a smaller ram during the process of
pressing the brick. The ram is fastened to a safety plate carried by a
frame. The latter rests in the openings formed by projecting pieces of
two sliding I irons, to which it is secured by two strong bolts. Pro-
longations of these I irons move between the pairs of eccentrics & end
into guide rods, which are provided with guide blocks. The guide rods
carry each an axle with two sliding blocks, which are worked by the
eccentrics on the crank shaft. The small ram receives its forward
motion from the eccentrics; its return however is caused by the cross
head axle catching a projecting piece of the I irons. This arrangement
gives both rams at their return the same velocity after the brick has
been pressed. They carry the ready brick between them out of the
mould.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Lürmann in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th September 1874.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Lürmann, Her special licence
that I, the said Frederick Lürmann, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Lürmann, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-
MAKING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Frederick Lürmann, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters

page_text: segment, keyed on the shaft d, d. To this shaft are also fastened the
segment levers D, & D₂ with their weights d₁ & d₂ suspended by
chains. One of the segments has a crank pin c₂ with its bearings´e̱.
The latter is square outside, and works freely in the slote, of the con-
necting rod E to permit the acting of the weights d₁ & d, during a part
of each revolution of the machine. The weights must be varied according
to the nature of materials to be worked into bricks. The ram F is bolted
to the cross head G, which moves along the planed guide strip of the
.frame. A cross head axle with its two springs h, h₁, is fastened to the
cross head by means of two safety bolts i, ₁. The cross head receives its
motion through the connecting rod K, K, from the crank shaft L. This
shaft carries outside its bearings two pairs of eccentrics N, N₁, the sliding
parts of which are of improved shape made of steel and casily exchanged.
On the same shaft are keyed the spur wheels O, O₁, and the adjustable
crank M for the connecting rod E. Parallel to the crank shaft L is the
driving shaft P with the two pinions O₂, Os, gearing into the spur
wheels O, O₁, and with the loose and fast pulleys P₁, P., for transmission
of power by belts. The fast pulley has a heavy rim to serve as a fly
wheel. The bearings of the crank shaft as well as of the driving shaft
are cast on the frame. The small ram F, is fastened to the plate Q, and
this to the frame R, which is carried by the two I irons S, S₁, and is held
by two strong bolts 8, s₁, between their nuts in such a manner that an
adjustment and a little turning of the ram F, can be obtained. Should
ram F₁ meet with an unusual resistance the safety plate Q will break
first, which can easily be replaced. The I irons S, S₁, are provided with
bottom guides sliding on corresponding ribs of the frame A. The cover
plates 82, 83, prevent the lifting of the I irons S, S₁, and of the cross
head G from the sliding faces. The arms T, T₁, bolted to the I irons go
between the discs of the eccentrics, and are joined by the well guided
T pieces U, U₁. These T pieces carry short axles with the sliding
blocks V, V₁, against which the eccentrics press in one direction to close
the mould B by the small ram F₁. The return motion is effected by the
cross head axle H catching with its springs h, h₁, the projecting picces
or buffers w, w₁, of the I irons. The rams F & F, are cast hollow, and
may be heated by steam, which is made to pass also along the pressing
faces. The pressing faces of the two rams are best made of chilled
iron, and held in their places by screw bolts; they can therefore easily
be exchanged.

page_text: The action of the machine is as follows:-The materials from which
the bricks are to be made are brought into the feeding box by means of
a hopper or otherwise. The feeder D after having been lifted by the
connecting rod E is pressed down by the weights c, d, into the mould.
The ram F then passes through the feeding box and gives the final 5
pressure to the brick, at the same time the mould is closed at the other
end by the small ram F₁, receiving its motion from the eccentrics N, N₁:
The eccentrics are so constructed that before the final pressure comes on
a slight back movement takes place to prevent shocks. After the brick
has received its final pressure the small ram released from the action of 10
the eccentrics receives the same velocity as the large ram by the cross
head axle, catching the buffers of the I irons. The brick is held
between the two rams and carried outside the mould to be taken off by
a workman.
Having now set forth the nature of my said Invention, I wish it to 15
be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I
claim,-
1. The use of two spur wheels with their pinions for equal transmission
of power at both ends of the crank shaft.
2. The eccentrics having exchangeable working faces made of steel, 20
and being so constructed that the ram F receives a slight backward
motion before the full pressure is given to the brick.
3. The use of I irons with the arms T, T₁, and the T pieces U, U₁,
carrying the moveable sliding blocks, as above described.
4. The use of safety plates Q, of ram F₁, and of safety bolts i, i, of 25
cross head axle H, which safety pieces will break before more important
parts will do so.
5. The mould B and the guide box B, being made in two parts of
chilled iron, easily to be replaced when worn out:
6. The ram heads of steel or chilled iron being easily replaced when 30
worn out, and heated by steam if required.
7. The filling of the mould B being regulated by the weights d₁, d₂,
and thus an overfilling being prevented.

page_text: 8. The above described arrangement of fixing the small ram F₁ to the
irons.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Lürmann, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
Witness,
C. HOLSTE.
(L.S.) FREDERICK LÜRMANN.