A New or Improved Apparatus for Waving or Crimping the Hair.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Apparatus for Waving or Crimping the Hair.
I, ELLEN AUGUSTA EDWARDS, of No. 162, Portsdown Road, Maida Vale,
Paddington, in the County of London, Married Woman, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of a new or improved apparatus for waving or crimping
the hair, the several parts of which are constructed and combined, and which
operates, as hereinafter described; and whereby the necessity for heating the
instrument used, or for coiling, winding, or plaiting the hair upon or about such
instrument is obviated, and greater ease and rapidity are gained in applying the
instrument used than has heretofore been attained.
In the construction of an apparatus according to my invention, short rods or
bars of light metal tubing, or of wood, tortoise-shell, horn, or other substance or
composition of sufficient strength and lightness, and which I will call arms, are
disposed side by side with a space of about one-eighth of an inch between every
two of them; but I do not limit myself as to the width of the spaces between the
arms. These arms are hinged at one end thereof to a pin or wire that passes
through a perforation in the end of each arm, or the arms may be otherwise hinged
on the pin or wire. I usually make the arms about three inches in length, but the
length may be greater or less than this. I commonly make the arms circular in
section, and of a diameter of about one quarter of an inch, but I do not limit
myself as to the form in section of the arms, or as to their diameter or thickness.
Thus, they may be oval, or conical, or of any other form, in section; and arms
of one form in section may be alternated with arms of another form in section,
according to the variety of hair waving or crimping desired to be produced. I
sometimes make the arms laterally straight from end to end, and sometimes I
bend them laterally into curves or other forms in order to produce compound
waves. Each of the arms is slightly arched throughout its length, and the pin or
wire upon which the arms are hinged is also slightly curved, and thus the shape
of the apparatus is adapted to the average curvature of the head. I usually
construct the apparatus with five arms, but it may be made with any number of
arms, not less than three and being an uneven number. The outer arms of the
apparatus, and every alternate arm between the outer arms, are kept in position by
a wire or thin band of metal which is attached to these arms at the ends thereof
opposite to the ends that are hinged to the pin or wire first mentioned. I will
call the arms that are kept in position as last described, the lower arms.
other arms of the apparatus, which I will call the upper arms, are kept in position
by means of a wire or thin band of metal which is attached to them at the ends
thereof opposite to the ends that are hinged to the pin or wire first mentioned,
and which is carried on at each side of the apparatus outside the outer arms as far
as the pin or wire on which the arms are hinged, to which its extremities are also
hinged, so that it forms a kind of frame in which the upper arms are set. Instead
The

page_text: of arranging the wire or metal band as last described, I sometimes make a kind
of frame in which the upper arms are set, and by which they are kept in position,
by extending the wire on which the arms are hinged at each of its ends, and carry-
ing it outside the outer arms to the opposite extremities thereof, and then turning
the ends of the wire inwards and attaching the ends of the upper arms thereto.
loop or catch formed in, or attached to, the band or wire that keeps the upper or
lower arms in position, passes over the extremity of the middle arm of the
apparatus, and locks the upper to the lower arms when the apparatus is in use.
The apparatus is used as follows;-
A
The upper and the lower arms are separated by raising the upper arms at the
ends opposite to the hinged ends. The hair to be waved or crimped is then placed
between the upper and the lower arms. The upper arms are then closed upon the
hair and are locked to the lower arms by means of the loop or catch above
mentioned. The hair is thus held firmly between the arms of the apparatus,
passing over the lower arms and under the upper arms; and, if thus operated
upon for a sufficient length of time, the hair is waved or crimped by means of the
pressure of the arms. The apparatus is removed from the hair by simply releasing
the catch and raising the upper arms.
Data thin 5th Jan
100
:
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Apparatus for Waving or Crimping the Hair..
I, ELLEN AUGUSTA EDWARDS, of No. 146, Lancaster Road, Notting Hill,
London, W. (lately of No. 162, Portsdown Road, Maida Vale, London, W.,)married
woman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be. performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to a new or improved apparatus for waving or crimping
the hair of the human head, whereby the application of heat to the apparatus
and the coiling winding or plaiting of the hair thereon in hair waving or crimp-
ing are respectively rendered unnecessary and ease and rapidity in applying the
apparatus to the hair are gained.
In the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings, Figure I is a plan of a
hair waver constructed according to this invention. Figure II is a view of the
same apparatus opened, and in position for use. Figure III is a view of the same
apparatus in use. Figure IV is a view in cross-section of the arms and external
wires or bands hereinafter described of the same apparatus. Figure V is a view
in cross-section of one of the modes of construction of the same apparatus at the
hinged ends thereof as hereinafter described. Figure VI is a plan of a hair waver
constructed according to this invention showing a variation in the form of the
arms thereof. Figure VII is a view in cross-section of the arms and the external
wires or bands of the apparatus shown in Figure VI.
The same reference letters in the different figures indicate the same parts of the
apparatus.
In the construction of a hair waving or crimping apparatus according to this
invention short bars or arms (hereinafter called arms) a'a³ a³ a a³ of light metal
sheeting bent into tubular form, or of wood, tortoise-shell, horn, bone, celluloid,
xylonite, or other substance or composition of sufficient strength and lightness, are
disposed side by side and parallel the one to the other with a space of one-eighth of

page_text: an inch or thereabouts between every two of them. The arms are hinged at one
end thereof on a pin or wire b, usually by such pin or wire being passed through
a perforation made in each arm near to such end thereof as shown in Fig. V in
which the pin or wire is represented by a dotted line. In order that the spaces
between the arms may be maintained the arms are constructed with shoulders
or projections at the hinged ends thereof, as shown in Figs. I and VI; or if
preferred collars of the requisite width ccc (Fig. V) may be inserted on the
pin or wire between the arms. The several arms (other than the middle arm a³)
are equal in length, their length being from two to five inches, and usually about
three inches. The middle arm a³ is longer by about one eighth of an inch than
the other arms, and is narrowed to a blunt point at its extremity d. The arms aro
commonly made circular in cross-section, as shewn in Fig. IV, and about one
quarter of an inch in diameter; but they may be oval or conical or of other form
in cross-section, and of greater or less diameter or width; and arms of one form
may be alternated with arms of another form, as shewn in Figs. VI and VII.
The arms are commonly made laterally straight from end to end, but they may be
curvilinear or of other form laterally. Each arm is slightly arched throughout
its length, as shown in Figs. II and III; and the pin or wire upon which the arms
are hinged is also slightly arched, as shewn in Fig. V, and thus the shape of the
apparatus is adapted to the average curvature of the human head. The apparatus
is usually constructed with five arms, as shown in the accompanying drawings;
but it may be made with any number of arms not less than three and being an
uneven number. In an apparatus constructed according to this invention with
five arms, the outer arms a¹ a³, and the middle arm a³ are kept in position by mcans
of a wire e (Fig. II) which passes through these arms at the ends thereof opposite
to the hinged ends. I will call these arms the lower arms. The other arms of the
apparatus, which I will call the upper arms are kept in position by means of a
wire f, which passes through these arms at the ends thereof opposite to the hinged
ends. This wire also passes over the ends of the lower arms, and then is turned
backward at each side of the apparatus outside of and parallel to the outer arms
thereof at a distance of about one-eighth of an inch from such arms respectively,
and which distance is maintained by means of shoulders on the outer arms, as
shown in Figs. I and VI, or by means of collars g' g, Fig. V, cnd the extremities
of this wire are hinged, by means of loops or perforations therein, to the pin or
wire b on which the arms are hinged. But the wires of the apparatus (other than
the pin or wire b) may be dispensed with, where the substance of which the arms
are composed so admits, by casting, moulding, or stamping, in one piece with the
upper arms and in one piece with the lower arms respectively, bands or strips of
such substance in place of and corresponding to the wires aforesaid. A loop or
catch h, formed in or attached to the wire or band that keeps the upper arms in
position, passes over the extremity d of the middle arm a³, and locks the upper
arms to the lower arms when the apparatus is in use.
In an apparatus constructed according to this invention with arms exceeding
five in number, the outer arms of the apparatus, and every alternate arm between
the outer arms, form the lower arms of the apparatus, and the remaining arms
form the upper arms thereof. In all other respects the apparatus in such case is
constructed as hereinbefore described with reference to an apparatus constructed
with five arms.
In the construction of an apparatus according to this invention with three arms
only, the outer arms form the lower arms of the apparatus, and the apparatus has
one upper arm only, namely the middle arm; and the loop or catch that passes
over the middle arm and locks the arms of the apparatus, as herein before described,
is formed in or attached to the wire or band that keeps the lower arms in position,
and is situated between the lower arms. In all other respects the apparatus in
such case is constructed as here inbefore described with reference to an apparatus
constructed with five arms.

page_text: In using the apparatus, the upper arms and the lower arms are separated at
the ends opposite to the hinged ends, and the hair to be waved or crimped is laid
or spread upon the lower arms, as shown in Fig. II. The upper arms are then
closed upon the hair, and are locked to the lower arms by means of the loop or
catch, h, as shown in Fig. III. The hair is thus held firmly between the arms of
the apparatus, passing over the lower arms, and under the upper arms or arm and
the external wires or bands of the apparatus, and is retained in the apparatus until
waved or crimped by means of the pressure of the arms thereon. For the removal
of the apparatus from the hair, the loop or catch, h, is released from the middle
arm a³, and the upper arms are raised.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
-
An apparatus for waving or crimping the hair constructed and arranged sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein before described as illustrated by the
accompanying drawings.