IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, IN THE HARDENING OF CAST IRON, AND IN THE PROTECTION OF FIRE CHAMBERS AND VESSELS USED IN METALLURGICAL OPERATIONS, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Barnett, of No. 27, Healey Street, Kentish Town,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, IN THE HARDENING OF CAST IRON, AND
IN THE PROTECTION OF FIRE CHAMBERS AND VESSELS USED IN METALLURGICAL
OPERATIONS, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Barnett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1876.
JAMES BARNETT, of No. 27, Healey Street, Kentish Town, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, IN THE
HARDENING OF CAST IRON, AND IN THE PROTECTION OF FIRE CHAMBERS AND
VESSELS USED IN METALURGICAL OPERATIONS, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES
CONNECTED THEREWITH."
My Invention relates to the preparation and application of material for the
calcining of metalic ores, for the smelting of the same, for the purification of metals
from deleterious matter, for the hardening of cast metals, for the building and
preservation of chambers, vessels, furnaces, or other constructions in which metal-
urgical processes are carried on, to the construction of furnaces with appliances in
which metals are wrought, and to the preparation and application of material to be
employed as fuel in the various processes to which iron and steel are exposed
during the progress of their manufacture. I use saline matter in such a way as
to ensure its complete distribution and perfect permeation throughout whatever
matter is to be acted upon. What I mean by saline matter is salt in its various
forms, either in its most known state or its chemical equivalent; to obtain this
equal distribution I preferably dissolve to a saturation common, agricultural, or bay
salt in water.
For the purpose of calcining ores I make a fuel by saturing with the saline
solution mentioned any earthy substances, and I prefer the calcining process in the
ordinary way. To ignite this fuel a small amount of ordinary fuel must be used
to initiate a fire. By the term "earthy substances" I mean any matter whatever
that is capable of absorbing water, either in a solid or granulated form.

page_text: For the purpose of smelting ores I use artificial fuel prepared as above, either in
blast furnaces, cupolas, or in any furnaces or vessels constructed upon any con-
venient principle. And I use either hot or cold blasts, or I project steam blasts
into the fire; or I saturate coal, coke, or other fuel with the solution of salt.
For the purification of metals I use the saline solution, the quantity used must
be in accordanco with the character of the metal required to be produced. For
example, if a soft fibrous puddled bar be required in starting, a bucket full of the
solution may be used, the amount being reduced to a quart added at every sub-
sequent heat. I also run molten slag into the saline solution, & use the same as
fettling; or I crush puddlers' tap, and saturating the same with the saline solution,
melt it down and use it for fettling; or I fettle with any earthy matter impregnated
with salt. Also throughout the several heatings I either saturate with the saline
solution; or instead of pouring in the saline solution I throw in at each heat
granulated earthy matter impregnated with salt. Also throughout the several
heatings I either saturate with the saline solution the ordinary fuel used, or I use the
artificial fuel above described, for which purpose I use blasts.
For the hardening of cast metals I use a composition of salt, carbon, and oil.
And for the protection of fire chambers & vessels I use furnace slag, or puddlers'
tap crushed & impregnated with salt, or I mix ashes with granulated salt, or I
build with iron & protect the back with carthy matter saturated with the saline
solution.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Barnett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th June
1877.
JAMES BARNETT, of No. 27, Healey Street, Kentish Town, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, IN THE
PROTECTION OF FIRE CHAMBERS AND VESSELS USED IN METALURGICAL OPERATIONS,
AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH.'
My Invention relates to the preparation and application of material for the
calcining and smelting of metalic ores, for the purification of iron, and for the
building and protection of chambers, furnaces, and any constructions whatever in
which metalurgical operations are carried on, to the construction of furnaces with
appliances in which metals may be wrought, and to the preparation and application
of material to be employed as fuel in the varied processes through which the metals
pass in the progress of their manufacture. I use saline matter in such a way as
ensures its complete and equal distribution throughout, whatever matter is to be
acted upon.
I preferably dissolve in water to a saturation common or refuse salt,
or its chemical equivalents, or analogous substances; or I boil down sea or other
water containing salt, and with this I saturate any absorbent matter to be used as
fuel; and with any of these fuels I calcine and sinelt metallic ores.
For purifying or keeping metals pure, and for purposes of economy during
puddling, or any other process, I use any of the fuels described above; and when
necessary I convert the furnaces practically into retorts, supplying them with air
by means of hot, cold, or steam blasts.
For use in puddling iron I saturate with saline any absorbent matter, preferably
puddlers' tap granulated, and I throw the same on to the bottom of the furnace for
the protection of its bed.
For the purpose of purifying metals or keeping them pure in open fires, for
ensuring perfection in the working, and for economy, I use any of the fuels prepared
as above.
For the purpose of concentrating heat and preventing destruction, I cement
inside or out, or both, or within hollows, all the parts of whatever constructions
have to be made use of in the varied processes the metals require to undergo in

page_text: their various stages of manufacture with a material consisting of any absorbent
matter, with which is fully incorporated saline matter as above.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim, the use of saline or analogous matter preferably
in the manner herein described, but not necessarily in solution, for the purposes
recited herein.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Barnett, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.