Improvements in Incubators and the like and Devices in connection therewith.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 14th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 29th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incubators and the like and Devices in
connection therewith.
I, HERBERT GARLAND, of South Road, West Kirby, in the County of Chester,
Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
-
This invention has for its object certain improvements in incubators and consists in
certain novel means of controlling and regulating the heat by the aid of a thermometer
which is so constructed as to indicate the exact heat required for the purpose of
hatching eggs, a wire being inserted at a given point within the glass of the thermo-
meter, and should the heat drive the mercury beyond this given point, an electric
current is formed which acts upon a damper, which immediately opens and lets out
the excess of heat which at once reduces it to its former point. By this means a
uniform heat is constantly kept up, and may then be regulated by a disc contained
within a cylinder which the heat from the lamp comes into contact with. Before
entering the egg chamber the disc works on a central spindle working horizontally
and may be opened or closed the desired distance by the aid of a set screw passing
through a lever attached to the spindle on the disc. The head before passing into the
egg chamber is driven along a tube in an horizontal position which is attached to the
cylinder. The said tube is placed within a trough containing water, so arranged that
the heat from the tube raises the temperature of the water to give off vapour which
amalgamates with the hot air and descends upon the eggs causing sufficient moisture
for the purpose of incubation. The eggs when in position in the incubator require at
certain intervals their position changing. To effect this the eggs are placed in rows
preferably on perforated zinc. Between each row I place strips of wire horizontally
which keeps them steady whilst revolving. Underneath the eggs I carry endless
bands which pass over rollers. The said rollers are made to revolve mechanically by
means of an ordinary clock arrangement, the bands when in motion carry the eggs
round. This operation may be performed at intervals being controlled by electricity
in connection with the incubator and the said clock arrangement..
Dated this the Thirteenth day of December Eighteen hundred and eighty-nine.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incubators and the like and Devices in
connection therewith.
I, HERBERT GARLAND, of South Road, West Kirby, in the County of Chester,
Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The invention has for its object certain improvements in incubators with regard to
With
the regulation of heat and moisture and other devices in connection therewith.
regard to the heat it is so arranged that it may be controlled, by the rising and falling
of a damper-so placed that when raised the heat escapes without passing into the
incubator. The hot air being forced through the cylinder by a revolving fan which
rotates when the damper is raised, thus reducing the temperature instantly.
The
damper is suspended from the end of a lever arm, the other end of which an armature
is attached, and below the said armature is an electric coil which receives its power
from an ordinary battery. Thus, when the heat rises to a given point a connection is
formed which draws down the lever arm and lifts the damper causing an escape of
hot air which is generated in a cylinder which is attached to the incubator, the heat

page_text: being produced by a lamp or gas jet from underneath.
The
In the upper part of the
cylinder a tube is inserted which passes through a tank containing water. Con-
sequently the water becomes heated and gives off moisture the supply of which is
regulated by means of a moveable disc in the top of the tank and may be opened or
closed the desired distance from the outside of the incubator. The hot air after
passing through the said tank is conducted into a tube in the centre of the incubator.
The lower part of the said tube is partly closed by means of a cone having a small
aperture at the top, which air passes through coming into contact with the heated air
causes it to ascend with greater force against a radiating plate. It then descends
upon the eggs amalgamated with the moist air from the tank containing water.
eggs are placed in rows upon strips of wood in the form of a roller but remain
stationary. Underneath the eggs is carried endless bands of tape or network, which
is made to travel by means of revolving rollers at each end of the egg tray. Over the
two rollers at the highest point in the incubator are placed two trays containing cotton
wool, or other substitute which is moistened with oil which keeps the network in a
pliable condition and also imparts to the eggs a coating of the said lubricant from
time to time as they revolve on the network. Motion is imparted to the rollers by
means of weights attached to a cord or chain passing over pulleys on the end of the
rollers. The rollers are held stationary by a small lever which falls into a rack wheel
and upon the lever being liberated the wheel revolves, being attached to the spindle of
the roller and caused to move by the weights at the opposite end. The levers may be
raised by any ordinary clock movement or the rollers may be turned when desired by
means of a handle made to fit on the driving rollers, and turned by hand. The heat
in the egg chamber is regulated by a glass coil one end of which is a bulb containing
ether diluted the other part of the coil contains quicksilver. When the ether becomes
warm it expands and drives the quicksilver forward coming into contact with a wire
which is inserted in the coil. When the desired temperature is reached the wire is
adjusted to meet the quicksilver when a connection is formed between the electric coil
and the battery, which at once draws down the lever and raises the damper on the top
of the cylinder, allowing the heat to escape instead of passing into the incubator.
The invention may be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings in
.which
Fig. 1 back elevation of the incubator. B, the lever arm to which is attached the
damper A. The outer end of which an armature C is placed above the electric coil D,
which draws down the lever arm B, raising the damper A, when the heat escapes
without passing into the incubator through the tube H 5 Fig. 2. G Fig. 1 and H 1
Fig. 2 a small lever attached to a spindle to which a disc is affixed to regulate the
supply of moisture. F 1 Fig. 1 is also a disc which works within the cylinder F
which is intended to regulate the supply of hot air into the incubator. When the
disc is partly closed, the excess of hot air passes through the aperture at F 2
Fig. 1. E the battery working in connection with the coil D and the regulator 1
Fig. 3. F 3 are pulleys which carry a cord to which is attached weights, for the
purpose of giving motion to the rollers H 7 Fig. 3. The weights are held in check
by the small levers, N, N, Fig. 6.
The said levers may be raised by means of an ordinary clock movement at certain
intervals or the rollers may be turned by attaching a key on the spindle and turned
by hand. When the rollers are in motion the network upon which the eggs are
placed travels in the direction the rollers are revolving carrying the eggs round at the
same time H 6, Fig. 3.
The eggs are held in position by small strips of wire running horizontally in the
framework as at Fig. 5. K K Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 are trays containing cotton wool
or other substitute moistened with oil.
Fig. 2 end view of incubator shewing the internal arrangement.
H radiating plate which the hot air comes into contact with after passing through
the tube H 5 into the tube H 2. The outer air passes through the cone H 3 which
increases the force of hot air against the plate H-it is theu distributed over the
eggs.

page_text: H4 is a tank containing water, which becomes heated from the tube passing
through it-receiving the heat from the cylinder F. F 4 is a space divided off for
the purpose of drying the chicks before removing. Access is obtained through the
aperture F 5, Fig. 6.
Fig. 4 is a section of the cylinder F shewing the disc F 1-also the fan which
revolves driving the hot air through the aperture when the damper A is raised
instead of passing into the incubator.
The drawings on Sheet 2 illustrate the incubator suspended as at Figs. 7 & 8 the
object being to prevent sound or sudden vibration affecting the eggs-such as closing
a door suddenly or from other causes.
If the incubator rest upon legs the sound would be conveyed upwards, and would be
more severe than if suspended.
This form of incubator could be fitted to the upper part of a ships deck, as any
movement of the vessel, the incubator would remain in a vertical position, owing to a
ball joint being fitted to the upper part of the rod.
Figs. 10 and 11 shew sections of the regulator to be worked in connection with the
incubator. Fig. 10 is a glass coil partly filled with quicksilver-the bulb containing
diluted ether. M, is a cap to screw on or off so that the diluted ether may be added
without displacing the coil. M 1 is a brass terminal to which is attached the wire
passing into the quicksilver and the other passing to the coil. When the quicksilver
rises & reaches the wire M 2 a connection is formed acting upon the damper A
Sheet 1.
Fig. 11 is for the same object being a thermometer bent in a circular form the
wire M 3 inserted in the tube and the wire M 4 in the bulb form a connection when
the mercury is driven forward by the heat of the incubator which acts upon the
damper in the same manner as the coil Fig. 10.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. The combination of parts substantially as and for the purpose set forth and
indicated herein before and in and by the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. The means employed in controlling the heat by the aid of the coil
containing the quicksilver and ether acting in connection with the electric coil and the
damper substantially as set forth and indicated with reference to Fig. 10 of the
attached drawings.
Thirdly. A moveable disc connected with a water tank which increases or decreases
the supply of moisture in the incubator, substantially as and for the purpose set forth
and indicated.
Fourthly Revolving rollers upon which is stretched a series of endless bands-or
network. When motion is imparted to the said rollers the network moves, carrying
the eggs round substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
And lastly. The employment of trays filled with oiled wool and connected with the
rollers for lubricating the network and coating the eggs with the same lubricant, also
in suspending the incubator from a rod with a moveable joint substantially as set
forth and indicated.
10
"
1
1000
HERBERT GARLAND.