IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO THE MEANS OF CONNECTING WATER CLOSETS AND OTHER WASTE WATER APPARATUS WITH VENTILATED SOIL PIPES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, THOMAS DURRANS, Architect, of Upper Baker Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR RELATING TO THE MEANS OF CONNECTING WATER CLOSETS AND OTHER
WASTE WATER APPARATUS WITH VENTILATED SOIL PIPES " to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to certain improvements in or relating to the means
of connecting water closets and other waste water apparatus with ventilated soil
pipes, special objects of the improvements are to avoid the use of syphon or like
forms of traps which are generally used in effecting this connection directly from
the closet to the soil pipe, and to obviate the disadvantages attendant upon the
use of such means of connection, and to provide improved means of connection in
which the water closet is disconnected from or not in direct connection with the
soil pipe, so as to wholly prevent the return of any sewer gas from the soil pipe
through the closet, which there is great difficulty in avoiding with the present
means of connection, and to avoid any necessity for the use of a separate pipe than
the soil pipe for carrying away the other waste matters from a house or building.
Syphon or like forms of traps hitherto used for effecting the connection of water
closets with ventilated soil pipes are liable to retain portions of the soil as it passes
from the closet to the soil pipe, and a deposit of soil accumulating therein
gradually chokes or impedes the passage way of the trap preventing its proper
action, corroding its substance, and causing its eventual decay and destruction.
Thus repairs and renewal of the connection are more frequently needed than with
the improved arrangement herein described and which prevents any deposit of the
soil in its passage from the closet to the soil pipe.
In connecting one or a series of closets with a ventilated soil pipe in accordance
with the present improvements, the outlet from each closet is led with a direct fall
as great as may be obtainable and without any upward bend or trap into a cast
iron or other open head which is socketted within a valved casting or box which
branches out from the soil pipe and has a direct socketted connection therewith
and a direct fall thereinto without any syphon or upward bend. At a convenient
part this connection between the soil pipe and the said open head is closed with a
flap or valve which is set at such an inclination as to have a constant tendency to

page_text: close off the open head from connection with the soil pipe to prevent the escape of
any gases from the soil pipe to the said head, the flap or valve will however yield
to slight downward pressure and will allow of the escape into the soil pipe of any
matter which may fall or be led from the closet into the said head. Immediately
above or adjacent to the said flap or valve there is formed in the valved casting an
opening which is closed by a tightly fitting door or flap and by means of which
access can be had to the flap or valve for placing it or for inspecting it at any
time.
As according to the present improved means of connection there is no access of
the gases to the said open head and they have an unimpeded escape up the
ventilated soil pipe, the upper part of the valved casting being inclined to prevent
any stagnation of foul air therein, the present improvements permit of the lavatory
waste, the bath waste, the slop sink waste, and other refuse waters being led
directly into the said open head, which provides still further means of keeping the
connection quite clean and well flushed and of preventing any possibility of deposit,
between the open head and soil pipe, and dispenses with any necessity for the
separate pipe at present used for carrying away these waters, saving expense and
rendering buildings more sightly. In such closets as are not properly closed at
the outlet, the connection therefrom to the open head is closed by a valve or flap
to prevent the blowing of cold air through, and thus there is a total disconnection
of the closet from the soil pipe and intermediate means for preventing the escape
of any foul air from the soil pipe through the closet.
DAY, DAVIES, & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, THOMAS DURRANS, Architect, of Upper Baker Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR RELATING TO THE MEANS OF CONNECTING WATER CLOSETS AND OTHER WASTE
WATER APPARATUS WITH VENTILATED SOLL PIPES" and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This Invention has reference to certain improvements in or relating to the means
of connecting water closets and other waste water apparatus with ventilated or
other soil pipes; special objects of the improvements are, to avoid the use of
syphon or like forms of traps or trapped pipes which are generally used in effecting
this connection directly from the closet to the soil pipe; to obviate the disadvantages
attendant upon the use of such means of effecting such connection, to provide
improved means of connection in which the water closet is disconnected from or
not in direct connection with the soil pipe so as to wholly prevent the return of
any sewer gas from the soil pipe through the closet, which there is great difficulty
in preventing with the present means of connection, and to avoid any necessity
for the use of a separate pipe or pipes other than the soil pipe for carrying away
the other waste waters from a house or building.
Syphon or like forms of traps or trapped pipes hitherto used in effecting the
connection of water closets directly with soil pipes, are subject, by reason of their
conformation, to retain portions of the soil as it passes from the closet to the soil
pipe, and a deposit of soil accumulating therein gradually chokes or impedes the
passage way of the trap, preventing its proper action, corroding its substance, and
causing its eventual decay and destruction. Thus, repairs and renewal of the
connection are more frequently needed than will be with the improved arrangement
herein described, and which has been specially designed to prevent any deposit of
the soil in its passage from the closet to the soil pipe.
On the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1. represents a front elevation of part of
a house illustrating a system of closets connected with a ventilated soil pipe
common to all of them by the improved means herein described; and also
representing the improved system of carrying away the other waste waters from
the different rooms, 2, or parts of a house or building, by means of such improved
connections; Fig. 2, is a sectional elevation on a larger scale more clearly showing
the connection from the closet to the independent receiver leading direct into the
soil pipe, and Figs. 3, 4, and, 5, are detail views on a still larger scale, and
respectively representing a sectional elevation, a sectional plan, and a transverse
section of such receiver, showing the connection thereof with the soil pipe, and
the provision made for the immediate fall of the soil, and for preventing the return
of any sewer gas through the apparatus.
In connecting one or a series of closets with a soil pipe in accordance with the
present Invention, the outlet connection, 1, from each closet, 2, is lead with a direct
fall, as great as may be obtainable and without any upward or syphon bend or
trap, into an independent cast iron, lead, or other head or receiver, 3, which at its
highest part is open to the atmosphere; and is in connection with the soil pipe
and is trapped therefrom as hereinafter described. The head, 3, may be of
a spherical or any other suitable conformation, but its top part is preferably
contracted and provided with a grating, 4, which permits of free ventilation, but
prevents the entrance of any foreign matter. The head, 3, is socketted, as at, 5,
or is otherwise suitably connected either directly or by means of intervening piping

page_text: with a tubular extension, 6, branching from a valved casting or receptacle, 7, which
is socketted and inserted between the different lengths of the soil pipe, 8, or is
otherwise connected with such soil pipe, and has a direct fall thereinto, as shown
as, 9, without having any syphon or like form of bend. The outlet, 12, from the
extension or connection, 6, between the open head, 3, and the soil pipe, 8, is closed
by means of a flap or valve, 10, (or by a metallic or elastic ball, or any equivalent
means,) which is so set and centred at, 11, or elsewhere convenient, as to yield to
any slight downward pressure in order to allow of the immediate escape into the
soil pipe of any matter which may fall or be led by the connection, 1, from the
closet into the head, and so as to close against such outlet immediately after
the passage of the soil in order to close off the open head from through connection
with the soil pipe. The outlet aperture from the extension, 6, is preferably formed
with a knife edge at its lower part, and at its lowest point, it, or the lower part of
the clack or valve, is, or both are, or may be nicked or filed to allow of the escape
of every drop of water which may fall from the head, to prevent the possibility of
the flap or valve getting set by frost.
The application of the clack or valve, 10, to the soil pipe, and of a connection
from a receiver independent from the closet and ventilated at its highest part in
the manner herein described, forms an important feature of the present
improvements.
Immediately above or adjacent to the flap or valve, 10, there is formed in the
valved casting, an opening, 14, which is closed by a tightly fitting door or flap, 15,
hinged at, 16, or by a screw cap and lining, or by other suitable means, and by
means of which access can be had to the flap or valve for placing it, or for removing,
inspecting and replacing it at any time. The upper part, 17, of the valved casting
is inclined to prevent any stagnation of foul air therein, and its lower part, 9, has
an unimpeded fall into the soil pipe.
It will thus be seen that the present improved means of connection provide
every facility for an unimpeded escape of the sewer gases up ventilated soil pipes,
and that access of such gases to the open heads is cut off by means the action of
which is not liable to be stopped by frost as the present trapped form of connection
is; hence, the present improvements permit, with very great advantage, of the
lavatory waste, 18, the bath waste, 19, the slop sink waste, 20, and other refuse
or waste waters such as the rain water from a gutter, 21, from a roof, being led by
piping, 1x, directly into the open head, 3, either at the top or side thereof as shown
in Figs. 1, and, 3, and this provides still further means of keeping the connection, 6,
quite clean and well flushed, and of preventing any possibility of deposit between
the open head and soil pipe, and dispenses with any necessity for the separate pipe
or pipes hitherto used for carrying away such waters, saving much expense, and
rendering buildings more sightly. I would remark that in such closets as are not
properly trapped at the outlet, the connection, 1, therefrom to the open head should
be trapped or closed at its outlet by a depending or suitable valve or flap, to
prevent the blowing of cold air through. The improved means thus effect the
total disconnection of the closet from the soil pipe, prevent the return of foul air
from the soil pipe, and ventilate the connection at the highest part.
The Invention is susceptible of the following modifications. There may be
a separate ventilated head or receiver and valved casting provided for each closet;
or the connections from more than one closet may be led into each ventilated head;
or two or more of the ventilated heads may lead into one valved casting; the
ventilated heads may be of any suitable shape, and may be connected with the
valved castings directly as herein before described, or by means of intervening
piping; and the valved castings may be connected with the soil pipe directly or by
means of intervening piping, and at the same or opposite sides, and at different
parts of its length, depending principally upon the relative positions of the closets
or other parts to be connected.
I am aware that it has been proposed to effect the object of the present
improvements by leading a continuous pipe directly from the bottom of the closet

page_text: into the soil pipe, adjacent to its junction with which the said continuous pipe was
formed as an open channel pipe, and I lay no claim to the use of such means as
forming any part of my present Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim, is;
1. The improved means of connecting water closets with soil pipes, such means
consisting of connections, 1, ventilated or open to the atmosphere at their outlets,
independent heads, 3, or receivers from the connections, 1, of the soil, and which
are ventilated or open to the atmosphere at their highest parts, and valved castings
or receptacles 7, for closing off the soil from through connection with the open or
ventilated heads, arranged, combined, and operating, substantially as specified.
2. The combination with such means, of pipes or connections, 1x, leading from
other waste water apparatus or sources of refuse water directly into such open
heads or receivers, substantially as set forth.
3. The improved means of connecting such ventilated heads or receivers with
soil pipes, such means consisting of a casting or receptacle, 7, provided with a flap
or valve, 10, or equivalent means, arranged, combined, and operating substantially
as specified.