IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Paul, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Consulting Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE
TO MOTIVE POWER ENGINES.”
Sealed the 19th September 1879, and dated the 29th March 1879.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Paul at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1879.
EDWIN PAUL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
This Invention relates to motive power engines in which the admission and
emission of steam or elastic fluid to and from the main cylinder is controlled by a
valve or valves moved by steam or elastic fluid. The object is, (a) to so construct
such engines that the requisite motion of the valve or valves shall take place at the
required times with certainty and rapidity; steam or elastic fluid is thereby
admitted and allowed to exhaust quickly to and from the cylinder through the full
opening of the port or ports, and any loss of power by the slow opening and closing
of the valve or valves is avoided; (b.) to provide apparatus or appliances for
controlling the motion of a steam moved valve or steam moved valves so as to
regulate exactly and precisely the speed of motion of the working piston or plunger
in the main cylinder.
For the object first above mentioned I operate the main valve or valves by means
of steam or elastic fluid acting on a piston contained in a cylinder and connected to
the said valve or valves. When the valve piston has travelled the requisite distance
the steam or elastic fluid is allowed to pass round to the other side of the said
piston and arrest the motion thereof. The admission of the steam to the cylinder
Bo as to move the said valve piston in one direction or another is regulated by a
tappet valve of any ordinary or desired construction operated by the working piston
or plunger. The passage of steam or elastic fluid from one side of the valve piston
to the other at the requisite time is effected by means of ports or passages cut or
formed in or through the cylinder containing the said valve piston. The advantages
obtained by allowing the steam or elastic fluid to pass from one side of the valve
piston to the other are that the valves may be moved very rapidly and their motion

page_text: may be very suddenly arrested without throwing too great strain on the working
parts.
For the object second above mentioned I connect the steam moved main valve
or valves, (whether operated as above described or otherwise,) of a motive power
engine to a controlling piston working in a cylinder. Each end of the said cylinder
is provided with an opening or openings through which water or other liquid is
supplied, and an opening or openings through which the said liquid is free to flow
out. By means of a pump making a stroke for each stroke of the working piston
or plunger, each to and fro motion or reciprocation of the said working piston or
plunger causes water or liquid to flow into one or other end of the cylinder above
mentioned. The size of the overflow openings are so regulated that should the
working piston or plunger, and with it the pump piston or plunger, move faster
than desired, the water entering the controlling cylinder will not be able to pass
away through the overflow ways as fast as it is supplied; and the controlling
piston, and with it the main valve, will be caused to move until the normal speed
of the main piston is again reached. According as the excess speed of the working
piston is greater or less the motion of the main valve will act so as to cut off the
admission of steam or elastic fluid to the working cylinder or to admit such steam
or elastic fluid into the cylinder to act on the working pistons in the opposite
direction to its motion. The area of the pump cylinder and the overflow ways may
be so arranged that the motion of the working piston will be kept nearly constant
and at any required speed.
The pressure of water in the controlling cylinder is by preference caused to assist
the pressure of steam in reversing the motion of the main valve or valves at the
end of each stroke.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edwin Paul in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th September
1879.
EDWIN PAUL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MOTIVE POWER ENGINES,"
This Invention relates to motive power engines in which the admission and
emission of steam or elastic fluid to and from the main cylinder is controlled by a
valve or valves moved by steam or elastic fluid. The object is, (a) to so construct
such engines that the requisite motion of the valve or valves shall take place at the
required times with certainty and rapidity; steam or elastic fluid is thereby admitted
and allowed to exhaust quickly to and from the cylinder through the full opening of
the port or ports, and any loss of power by the slow opening and closing of the valve
or valves is avoided; (b.) to provide apparatus or appliances for controlling the
motion of a steam moved valve or steam moved valves so as to regulate exactly
and precisely the speed of motion of the working piston or plunger in the main
cylinder.
For the object first above mentioned I operate the main valve or valves by means
of steam or elastic fluid acting on a piston contained in a cylinder and connected to
the said valve or valves. When the valve piston has travelled the requsite distance
the steam or elastic fluid is allowed to pass round to the other side of the said
piston and arrest the motion thereof. The admission of the steam to the cylinder
so as to move the said valve piston in one direction or another is regulated by a
tappet valve of any ordinary or desired construction operated by the working piston
or plunger. The passage of steam or elastic fluid from one side of the valve piston
to the other at the requisite time is effected by means of ports or passages cut or
formed in or through the cylinder containing the said valve piston. The advantages
obtained by allowing the steam or elastic fluid to pass from one side of the valve
piston to the other are that the valves may be moved very rapidly and their motion
may be very suddenly arrested without throwing too great strain on the working
parts.
For the object second above mentioned I connect the steam moved main valve or
valves (whether operated as above described or otherwise) of a motive power
engine to a controlling piston working in a cylinder. Each end of the said cylinder
is provided with an opening or openings through which water or other liquid is
supplied, and an opening or openings through which the said liquid is free to flow
out. By means of a pump making a stroke for each stroke of the working piston
or plunger each to and fro motion or reciprocation of the said working piston or
plunger causes water or liquid to flow into one or other end of the cylinder above
mentioned. The size of the overflow openings are so regulated that should the
working piston or plunger, and with it the pump piston or plunger, move faster
than desired, the water entering the controlling cylinder will not be able to pass
away through the overflow ways as fast as it is supplied, and the controlling piston,
and with it the main valve, will be caused to move until the normal speed of the
main piston is again reached. According as the excess speed of the working piston
is greater or less the motion of the main valve will act so as to cut off the admission
of steam or elastic fluid to the working cylinder, or to admit such steam or elastic
fluid into the cylinder to act on the working piston in the opposite direction to its
motion. The area of the pump cylinder and the overflow ways may be so arranged
that the motion of the working piston will be kept nearly constant and at any
required speed. The pressure of water in the controlling cylinder is by preference
caused to assist the pressure of the steam in reversing the motion of the main valve
or valves at the end of each stroke.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 2 a sectional plan through the line A, A,
of a motive power engine constructed under my Invention.
First part.-a, a¹, are the main valves controlling, the admission of steam to each
end of the main cylinder b through the ports c, c'. The said main valves are
connected by the stem d to the piston e contained in the cylinder f. Motion in one
direction or the other is given to the piston e, and with it the valves a, a¹, by means
of steam admitted into one or other end of the said cylinder e through ports g, g'.
The steam is admitted to one or other of the ports g, g¹ through the way h past the
rotary valve i. j, ¹, are exhaust ports opening to the exhaust chamber k. The
valve i receives the requisite rotary motion through the twisted stem 7 operated by
the main piston m; instead of a rotary valve a slide valve may be employed. To
arrest the motion of the piston e and valves a, a¹, at the required time passages n, n¹,
are formed in the cylinder f so as to allow steam to pass from one side of the
piston to the other as the said piston reaches the end of its stroke.
Second part. The valves a, a¹, are connected by the stem o to the controlling
piston p in the cylinder q; the said cylinder q is provided with openings r,,
through which liquid is supplied, and with openings 8, 8, through which the said
liquid is free to flow out. The speed of outflow through the openings 8, 81, is regulated
by means of cocks or valves. The openings r, r, are connected one to each end of
a double action pump of any ordinary or desired construction so attached to the
piston rod t or other moving part of the engine that the said double action pump
makes one stroke for each stroke of the said piston rod. Instead of one double
action pump two single action pumps may be used.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention in such manner that
others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect, I claim,-.
First. Operating steam or elastic fluid moved valves, substantially as set forth
under the first part.
Second. Controlling the motion of steam moved valves, substantially as set forth
under the second part.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Paul, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
EDWIN PAUL. (L.B.)