IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS FOR DOMESTIC USE THE CONTENTS OF WHICH ARE REQUIRED TO BE KEPT AT A TEMPERATURE HIGHER THAN THAT OF THE THOSTED
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Alexander Brown of Bude Lodge, South
Norwood Hill in the County of Surrey Gentleman for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS FOR DOMESTIC USE THE
CONTENTS OF WHICH ARE REQUIRED TO BE KEPT AT A TEMPERATURE HIGHER
THAN THAT OF THE
THOSTED"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Alexander Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1882.
THOMAS ALEXANDER BROWN of Bude Lodge South Norwood Hill in the County
of Surrey Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS FOR
DOMESTIC USE THE CONTENTS OF WHICH ARE REQUIRED TO BE KEPT AT A
TEMPERATURE HIGHER THAN THAT OF THE ATMOSPHERE
"
My invention consists of the improvements herein after described in the manu-
facture of tea pots coffee pots and other vessels for domestic use the contents of
which are required to be kept at a temperature higher than that of the atmosphere
surrounding them the object of the said improvements being to retard the passage
of heat from the contents of the said vessels.
In constructing a vessel according to my invention I form two shells one of the
shape which the vessel is required to have internally and the other of the shape
which the vessel is required to have externally the foriner being so much smaller
than the latter that the shells may be placed one within the other without being
in contact except at their edges or at parts where they are required to be secured
together and I place the shells thus one within the other and fill the space between
them with "slag wool" or with any other suitable imperfect conductor of heat and
when the said space is filled I connect the outer shell and the inner shell together
so as entirely to enclose the material contained in the space between them.
The two shells may be either of the same material or of different materials. For
example one of the said shells may be of metal and the other of earthenware or of
glass or the two shells may be of different metals.

page_text: Thus in the manufacture of a tea pot according to my Invention the inner shell
may be of earthenware and the outer shell of metal or the inner shell may be of an
inferior metal and the outer of a superior metal.
As an illustration of the mode of manufacturing a vessel according to my
Invention I will describe the method of proceeding in the case of a tea pot having
an inner shell of earthenware and an outer shell of metal. I make the outer shell
open at the upper or lower end and I cover the inner surface of the closed end with
a layer of slag wool or other suitable imperfect conductor of heat I then insert the
earthenware inner shell and fill the space between the two shells with the said non
conducting material I then cover the exposed upper or underside of the inner shell
with a layer of the said non conducting material and close either permanently or
otherwise the outer shell.
A highly ornamental tea pot or coffee pot may be made by using an outer shell
of wood with an inner shell of metal or earthenware. In this case I make the pot
of any desired or convenient form such as that of a cylinder or a prism or a truncated
cone or a truncated pyramid or a parallelogram and I make the top and bottom of
the pot somewhat larger than the body so that the outer parts of the said top and
bottom when connected to the body shall project therefrom forming flanges between
which and over the outer surface of the body of the pot I place a layer of slag
wool of a suitable thickness (say from about one eighth to one quarter of an inch)
and I cover the said layer of wool with slips or strips of wood placed edge to edge
similarly to the staves of a barrel and I confine the said slips or strips of wood and
secure them in their places either by means of metal hoops or (in the case of an
inner shell of metal) by turning over them the edges of the aforesaid flanges or
rims or by both means.
The spout of the teapot or coffee pot is of course connected to the body thereof
and projects through the layer of slag wool and the wooden casing.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Alexander Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd April 1883.
THOMAS ALEXANDER BROWN of Bude Lodge South Norwood Hill in the County
of Surrey Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS FOR
DOMESTIC USE THE CONTENTS OF WHICH ARE REQUIRED TO BE KEPT AT A
TEMPERATURE HIGHER THAN THAT OF THE ATMOSPHERE
"
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in the manu-
facture of tea pots coffee pots and other vessels for domestic use the contents of
which are required to be kept at a temperature higher than that of the atmosphere
surrounding them the object of the said improvements being to retard the passage
of heat from the contents of the said vessels.
In constructing a vessel according to my invention I form it of two shells one of
the shape which the vessel is required to have internally and the other of the
shape which the vessel is required to have externally the former being so much
smaller than the latter that the shells may be placed one within the other without
being in contact except at their edges or at parts where they are required to be
secured together and I place the shells thus one within the other and fill the space
between them with powdered cork or carbon or slag wool" or with any other
suitable imperfect conductor of heat and when the said space is filled I connect the
outer shell and the inner shell together or I close the said outer shell so as entirely
to enclose the material contained in the space between the two shells.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is an elevation and Figure 2 is a vertical
longitudinal section of a metal tea pot constructed according to my invention
Figure 3 of the said drawings is a horizontal section taken on the line 1 Figure 1.
The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts in the several
figures of the drawings.
A is the outer shell and B is the inner shell connected together at a' and C is
the non conducting material with which the space between the two shells is filled.
In constructing the said pot I take the outer shell A before the bottom a³ is con-
nected to it and place the inner shell or vessel B with the tube 6* connected to it
within the said outer shell A. and solder the two shells together at a¹ and solder
the outer end of the tube 6º to the said outer shell and then fill the space between
the two shells and cover the bottom of the inner shell with ground cork or carbon
or slag wool and then secure the bottom a³ to the outer shell thereby entirely
enclosing the material contained in the space between the two shells. The lid a
is secured to the outer shell A and on its underside a casing a* is formed which is
also filled with powdered cork or slag wool or other suitable material.
The spout a³ is soldered to the outer shell over the outer end of the tube b³.
The two shells may be either of the same material or of different materials. For
example one of the said shells may be of metal and the other of earthenware or of
glass or the two shells may be of different metals.
Thus in the manufacture of a tea pot according to my invention the inner shell
may be of earthenware and the outer shell of metal or the inner shell may be of an
inferior metal and the outer one of a superior metal.
Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings is an elevation and Figure 5 is a vertical
section of a hot water jug constructed according to my invention entirely of
earthenware. D is the outer shell E is the inner shell and F is the packing of non
conducting material between the two shells. d is a hole to admit of the escape of
air when the vessel is heated. G is the lid or cover of earthenware which is made
hollow and filled with non conducting material.

page_text: In manufacturing the said jug the inner shell and the outer shell are formed
separately and the bottom of the outer shell is formed separately from the upper
part thereof the inner and outer shells are then connected at the upper part and
the connected inner and outer shells and the separate bottom of the outer shell are
then dried and when the said parts are dry the connected inner and outer shells
are inverted and the space between the two shells is filled and the bottom of the
inner shell is covered with powdered carbon or coko. The bottom of the outer
shell is then secured in place with "slip" and the whole is baked or fired in the
usual way. The lid or cover of the jug is formed in two parts and dried and filled
with powdered carbon or coke and the said two parts are then connected with
"slip" and the whole is baked or fired.
Instead of manufacturing the vessel as herein before described the bottom may be
formed on the outer shell and the inner and outer shells may be connected and the
whole baked or fired before filling the space between them and after firing the said
vessel the said space may be filled with ground cork or other suitable material
inserted through an aperture formed in the outer shell (preferably in the bottom
thereof) at some suitable stage of the manufacture which aperture when the said
material has been inserted may be stopped or closed with a plug of cork or other
suitable material.
If preferred the jug may be provided with a metal lid hinged thereto in the
ordinary manner instead of an earthenware lid or cover the said metal lid being
made hollow and filled with non conducting material.
The construction hereinbefore described of the aforesaid vessels greatly retards
the radiation of heat therefrom when the said vessels are used for containing hot
liquids or matters and infusions prepared in the said vessels are much superior to
those prepared in vessels of the ordinary construction.
My invention is applicable to the manufacture of all vessels for domestic use the
contents of which are required to be kept at a temperature higher than that of the
atmosphere surrounding them
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed I wish it to be understood that I claim as my said
Invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of vessels for domestic use the
contents of which are required to be kept at a temperature higher than that of the
atmosphere" Constructing the said vessels of an inner shell and an outer shell
and filling the space between the said shells with powdered cork or slag wool or
other imperfect conductor of heat substantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof I the said Thomas Alexander Brown have hereunto set
my hand and seal this second day of April in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three
TRANZAT