Improvements in Augers, Bits, Drills, and other Boring. Tools.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Feb., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 18th Nov., 1891--Accepted, 19th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Augers, Bits, Drills, and other Boring. Tools.
We WILLIAM GILPIN SENIOR AND COMPANY LIMITED of Wedges Mills and
Churchbridge Works Cannock in the County of Stafford Edge Tool Manu-
facturers and THOMAS SAMBROOK of Great Wyrley near Cannock aforesaid Fitter
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:—
The said invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in augers
bits drills and other boring tools whereby the auger or other boring tool is made
more efficient in action than ordinary augers or boring tools and their manufacture
is simplified and improved.
We will describe the said invention as applied to an auger.
The said invention consists principally in making augers with three equidistant
cutting wings or cutters whereby the strain upon each wing is greatly reduced being
equally distributed when boring the auger cuts more smoothly bores a straight
hole and wears longer than an ordinary anger.
The said invention consists further in making augers from fluted steel bars
having a triangular figure in cross section that is the steel bars have three equi-
distant radial ribs the sides of the flutes between the ribs being concave. The said
triangular or radially ribbed bars may either be made by rolling tilting or
drawing.
From the ends of the ribs of the triangular bar the cutting wings or cutters of
the auger are made by stamping or pressing and from the middle part of the bar
the central gimlet point of the auger is made while the triangular bar forms the
barrel of the auger the core being delivered along its concave sides between the
ribs. The sectional form of the bar also renders it suitable without alteration for
attaching it to the propeller that is the brace of cross handle or machine chuck;
the bar can however be reduced to any desired shaped shank or head for attach-
ment to the propeller.
The triangular shaped barrel or shank of the auger provided with the three
cutting wings described may be straight or twisted. We prefer however to twist
the triangular shaped barrel or shank of the auger; in either form it is stronger
than the ordinary anger.
Although we prefer to make our improved auger having three cutting wings
from bars of steel having the sectional form described yet we do not limit ourselves
to the use of that kind of steel bar as bars of other sectional forms may be used in
carrying our invention into effect.
We apply our improvements to the manufacture of bits drills and other boring
tools substantially as hereinbefore described with respect to an auger.
Dated the 21st day of Wahuruar 1891
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Augers, Bits, Drills, and other Boring Tools.
We WILLIAM GILPIN SENIOR AND COMPANY LIMITED, of Wedges Mills and
Churchbridge Works, Cannock, in the County of Stafford, Edge Tool Mann-
facturers and THOMAS SAMBROOK, of Great Wyrley near Cannock, aforesaid,
Fitter do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The said invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in augers,
bits, drills and other boring tools, whereby the auger or other boring tool is made
more efficient in action than ordinary augers or boring tools and their manufacture
is simplified and improved.
We will describe the said invention as applied to an auger.
The said invention consists principally in making augers with three equi-distant
cutting wings or cutters, whereby the strain upon each wing is greatly reduced
being equally distributed when boring; the auger cuts more smoothly, bores a
straighter hole and wears longer than an ordinary auger.
The said
The said invention consists further in making augers from fluted steel bars
having a triangular figure in cross section, that is, the steel bars have three equi-
distant radial ribs the sides of the flutes between the ribs being concave.
triangular or radially ribbed bars may either be made by rolling, tilting or drawing.
From the ends of the ribs of the triangular bar the cutting wings or cutters of the
auger are made by stamping or pressing and from the middle part of the bar the
central gimlet point of the anger is made, while the triangular bar forms the barrel
of the auger, the core being delivered along its concave sides between the ribs.
The sectional form of the bar also renders it suitable without alteration for
attaching it to the propeller, that is, the brace or cross handle or machine chuck;
the bar can however be reduced to any desired shaped shank or head for attach-
ment to the propeller.
The triangular shaped barrel and shank of the auger provided with the three
cutting wings described may be straight or twisted. We prefer however to twist
the triangular shaped barrel of the auger; in either form it is stronger than the
ordinary auger.
Although we prefer to make our improved auger having three cutting wings
from bars of steel having the sectional form described yet we do not limit ourselves
to the use of that kind of steel bar as bars of other sectional forins may be used in
carrying our invention into effect.
We apply our improvements to the manufacture of bits, drills and other boring
tools substantially as hereinbefore described with respect to an auger.
We will now describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the manner
in which the said invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation and Figure 2 in end elevation a straight or
untwisted boring bit having three equidistant cutting wings according to this
invention, the said boring bit being made from a fluted steel bar having a triangular
figure in cross section as represented in Figure 3:
Figure 4 represents in side and end elevation, the triangular bar after its nose
end has been fashioned preparatory to the making therefrom of the three cutting
wings and the central gimlet point of the boring bit.
a is the triangular barrel or stem of the boring bit made from a cut off piece of
fluted steel bar having the sectional figure represented in Figure 3, that is, the
steel bar has three equidistant ribs, the flutes between the ribs being concave. The
said triangular steel bar may be made by rolling tilting or drawing; b, b, b are
the equidistant cutting wings of the boring bit and c is the central gimlet
point.
The cutting wings b, b, b are made by expanding or plating out, or stamping or
pressing, the ends of the outer parts of the ribs of the triangular bar as represented
at, in Figure 4, the said plated out or shaped parts being bent and fashioned
into the cutting wings b, b, b. The gimlet point c is formed by drawing out the
central part of the triangular bar as seen in Figure 4 and worming it in the usual
way. When the boring bit is in use the core is delivered along the concave sides
of the barrel a between the ribs. The barrel a of the bit is attached to the
propeller by tapering its end a³ and fitting it in the holder das represented in

page_text: Figure 1, the hole or socket of the said holder having the same taper and sectional
figures as the end a³ of the barrel a. The holder d is furnished with a square taper
stem e which takes into a correspondingly shaped hole or socket in the brace head.
Or the taper end of the triangular barrel a of the boring bit may be fitted in a
socket in a cross handle as represented in Figure 5, but we wish it to be under-
stood that the boring bit (or other boring tool) may be used with various kinds of
propellers.
The barrels of the boring bits made from triangular shaped steel bars may be
straight as represented in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5, or twisted as shown with respect to
the bit represented in side elevation and end elevation in Figure 6, which bit has
three equidistant cutting wings and is made from a cylindrical steel bar.
In this case about one half of the cylindrical steel bar is formed into the
triangular shaped barrel a as represented in Figure 7 and the other portion is
formed into the end to be attached to the brace or other propeller.
f
The triangular barrel a of the boring bit may either be used in a straight form,
as represented in Figure 7 or the said triangular barrel may be twisted as repre-
sented in Figure 6. The cutting wings b, b, and central gimlet point of the bit
are made from the ends of the outer edges of the ribs and centre of the triangular
barrel in the manner hereinbefore described with respect to the bits represented
in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Figure 8 represents a twisted anger having three equi-distant cutting wings made
according to this invention. The auger is made substantially in the manner herein-
before described with respect to the twisted boring bit Figure 6, excepting that the
cylindrical steel stem is furnished with a socket in which a cross handle or
propeller is inserted.
Figure 8 represents in side elevation and end elevation a straight or untwisted
auger made according to this invention. In this anger, three equi-distant
cutters b, b, b of the shape best seen in the end elevation are made from the nose
end of the fluted steel bar.
The
Figure 9 represents in side elevation and Figure 10 in end elevation a machine
drill made from a triangular shaped steel bar according to this invention, the said
drill being held in a holder or chuck which is fixed to the drilling machine.
flutes between the ribs of the triangular bar are angular instead of concave, that is,
the middle of the bar is not thickened as in the bar used for making bits and
augers. The nose end of the triangular barrel a of the drill is shaped into the
three equi-distant cutters b, the shape of which is seen in the drawing, and the
drill without further treatment is ready to be fitted in the chuck or holder h.
Drills made from triangular shaped steel bars may be twisted instead of being used
in the straight form represented in Figures 9 and 10.
Figure 11 represents in side elevation and Figure 12 in end elevation a drill of
the last described kind made from a cylindrical steel bar. In this case a portion
of the bar is fashioned into the triangular shaped part a from the nose end of which
the cutters b, b, are made as before described. The cylindrical stem a² of the
drill is fitted in a holder in the ordinary way.
b
Figure 13 represents in side elevation and Figure 14 in end elevation a machine
drill made as last described excepting that the triangular barrel part a is
twisted.
Figure 15 represents a boring tool called a brace rimer made from a triangular
steel bar according to this invention. The barrel of the rimer has the section
represented and the edges of its ribs i, i, i are made into cutting edges. The barrel
is made taper and the part is fitted in the brace in the ordinary way.
Figure 16 represents a machine rinier made according to this invention. This
rimer has a parallel barrel and the cylindrical end is fitted in a holder of the
kind represented in Figure 9. The triangular shaped barrel has the sectional
form represented in the end elevation of Figure 16 and the edges of the ribs i, i, i
of the said barrel are made into cutting edges.

page_text: Rimers having triangular shaped barrels may be made by hand forging or
fashioned by percussion tools or rolled into the required sectional shape.
The shape of the body of the rimer enables it to be made of larger diameter
when worn that is, after the rimer has become too small in diameter by wear, the
cutting ribs may be hammered or drawn out so as to form a rimer of larger
diameter and the edges of the ribs made into cutting edges.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we
claim as the said invention:-
-
First Making augers, bits, drills and other boring tools with triangular shaped
bodies or barrels and providing the said bodies or barrels with equi-distant cutting
wings or cutters, whether the said triangular shaped bodies be straight or twisted
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Secondly Making angers, bits, drills and other boring tools of the kind
referred to in the first Claim from fluted steel bars having a triangular figure in
cross section as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Thirdly Making boring tools of the kind called rimers with triangular shaped
bodies or barrels and converting the edges of the ribs of the said bodies or barrels
into cutting edges, whether the said triangular shaped rimers be made from rolled or
drawn steel bars or from steel bars forged or otherwise shaped into a triangular
figure in cross section substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated the 18th day of November 1891
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.