A New Frigorific or Compound for Producing Cold.
Year: 1885

page_text: A New Frigorific or Compound for Producing Cold.
:
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for A; NEW FRIGORIFIC OR
COMPOUND FOR PRODUCING COLD, a communication to me from abroad by Henry
Theophil Baeschlin, of Montpellier, France, Manufacturer, to be as follows:—
This invention is based on the well known fact, that the process of dissolving
salts abstracts from the dissolving liquid or from the surrounding materials a
certain quantity of heat, thus causing a fall in temperature' which is sudden and
of short duration, when the salt is simply mixed with water.
The cooling effect may, however be retarded by mixing the salts, such as nitrate
of ammonia, chloride of ammonia, nitrate of potash and sulphate of soda, with a
bygroscopic substance.
The new frigorific is therefore composed of soluble salts and a hygroscopic body,
arranged in one or more layers. These bodies may either be naturally hygroscopic
or porous materials (such as wadding, felt, cotton) rendered hygroscopic by
impregnating or mixing them with hygroscopic salts in the shape of a fine powder.
The intimate mixture of this powder with the porous material may be effected by
hand or by any convenient apparatus.
.
.
When the product is moderately moistened, the liquid at first reaches the
surface and gradually penetrates into the inner layers, so as to produce a slow but
continuous fall of temperature. The same material may be restored for further
use by allowing the liquid to evaporate and the salts to crystallize so as to restore
the original condition of the material.
:

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67 Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me
from abroad by Henry Theophil Baeschlin of Montpellier, France, Manufacturer,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention is based on the well known fact, that the process of dissolving
salts abstracts from the dissolving liquid or from the surrounding bodies a certain
quantity of heat, thus causing in the surrounding bodies a fall of temperature,
which is sudden and of short duration, if the salts such as nitrate of ammonia,
chloride of ammonia, nitrate of potash and sulphate of soda are simply mixed with
water.
To avoid the said drawback, I use a new frigorific consisting of one or more of
the aforementioned salts mixed with any kind of hygroscopic matter. Simple or
multiple layers of materials either naturally bydroscopic or rendered bygroscopic
by manufacture, for instance wadding, tissues, or felt made of cotton, hemp ramie
or jute of any convenient form, size and thickness are impregnated in a dry state,
with salts or saline compounds of a nature as described above, which materials by
the addition of water in determined proportions, produce a considerable re-
frigeration. For the purpose of facilitating the equal and intimate distribution of
the salts about the hygroscopic materials, each fibre of which must retain the
molecules, the salts must previously be crushed to a fine powder. The operation
of distributing the salts is effected either by hand with a fulling mill or other
suitable tool, or with fulling machines or apparatus or machines, especially made
for this purрове.
By moistening the finished product moderately in determined proportions,
according to the nature of the employed salts, the liquid reaches first the surface
of my product and there produces cold. Subsequently the lower layers suck the
liquid one after the other, until all the salt is reached by the water. Thus I obtain
a molecular refrigeration. The fine crystals of salt, distributed in the hygroscopic
material, are partly reproduced after the evaporation of the water, and the same
material namely wadding tissue felt or other suitable hygroscopic material used
can therefore serve repeatedly. They need only be dried after having been
employed.
With the new frigorific thus produced I may make inside linings of domestic
food receptacles and various forms of jackets for vessels for cooling drinks, as well
as compresses and bandages of various kinds,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
A new frigorific, consisting of an intimate mixture of a salt or salts (the
dissolution of which in a liquid has a frigorific effect) with hygroscopic material.
Dated that
L10OF
HERBERT J. HADDAN.
By Herbert & Co., Agents,
.67, Strand.