IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR GRINDING THE CARDS AND CARD CYLINDERS OF CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR GRINDING THE CARDS AND CARD CYLINDERS OF CARDING
ENGINES." A communication from abroad by Bozil S. Roy, of Worcester, in
the County of Worcester, State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1879.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR GRINDING THE CARDS AND
CARD CYLINDERS OF CARDING ENGINES." [A communication from abroad by Bozil
S. Roy, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester, State of Massachusetts, United
States of America.]
This Invention relates to a machine for grinding the teeth of cards and card
cylinders of carding machines, in which I make use of a grinding wheel upon a
rotary shaft that is fitted to give to the wheel both rotary motion and a movement
lengthwise of the shaft at the same time. In grinding the teeth of small card
cylinders, such card cylinders are placed in stands at each side of a shaft and tho
grinding wheel, and operated in the usual way while the grinding wheel rotates
and traverses between them. The grinding wheel is intended to traverse beyond
the ends of the card cylinders, so that no more grinding shall be performed on the
card teeth at one part or portion of either cylinder than at other parts, but all
parts shall be ground equally. The stands are made movable and may be taken
off from the frame girts and placed and secured on the frame of the carding machine
to grind the teeth of the main cylinder, which is usually ground without removing
it from the bearings in which it operates. Power and motion are applied to rotate
the shaft and the grinding wheel by a belt or band. running from a pulley on the
end of a lower rotating shaft onto a pulley on one end of said shaft. This shaft is
a hollow cylindrical tube through whose side a narrow alot is cut, the length of the
slot being equal to the extent of traverse which is to be given to the grinding
wbeel. The ends of this hollow shaft are closed by heads, to which journals are
attached for supporting the shaft in the stands. One journal is made hollow so as

page_text: to furnish a bearing for a short shaft to which a driving pulley is keyed at the
outer end. The inner end of this shaft is terminated by a bevel gear wheel, which
engages with a larger bevel gear wheel which has attached to its back a toothed
wheel engaging with a similar toothed wheel. Upon the hub of the latter toothed
wheel is secured a chain or sprocket wheel. These wheels are mounted on stud
pins on the face of a block constituting a section of a solid cylinder, having its front
face a plane, and which is secured by screws to the inner surface of the hollow
shaft. At the opposite end of this shaft is similarly mounted another chain wheel;
and around the chain wheels passes an endless chain, so that when motion is given
to the driving gear wheel the chain will be made to travel in an endless path. To
give support to the chain and confine it to a fixed plane of movement, a guide
having grooved or channelled edges is secured to the inner wall of the hollow shaft.
The grinding wheel is combined with the endless chain by means of an arm which
is secured to the hub of the grinding wheel, and projects into the hollow shaft
through its slot. This arm has a slot cut through it, the length of which is some-
what greater than the diameter of the chain wheels, and into this slot is ontered a
joint pin projecting from the side of some one of the links of the chain. It follows
that as the chain travels the grinding wheel will be made to traverse the shaft, the
length of the slot in the arm being sufficient to enable the pin on the links to be
accommodated to its changes in position as it passes from a lower to a higher plane,
or vice versa, in travelling around the chain wheels.
In order to lubricate the hub of the grinding wheel properly and uniformly, I
make an annular recess around the inside of the hub and connect with it one or
more passages or ducts from the outside of the hub. The recess should be filled
with felt or other fibrous absorbent. Oil supplied through the ducts will be taken
by such absorbent and uniformly distributed on the surface of shaft as the grinding
wheel traverses the same.
In a modification, the chain runs over an intermediate guide pulley, and all three
pulleys are affixed to a frame piece so that the whole can be assembled and as a
whole introduced into the tube in which they work. One pulley is not fixed
rigidly to the frame piece but to a cross head which slides in a dovetail groove in
said piece, and the position of this pulley is regulated by a screw running through
the cross head. The pin of the chain is made with a T head having two sides
slabbed off, so that this flangod or T head will go through the mortised arm of this
grinding wheel in one position, but when revolved a quarter turn will not go back
through said mortise. The head or T end will be introduced through the mortise
in the arm when the pin lies across the screw in the cross head, at which time the
length of the T end lies in the same direction with the mortise in the arm. When
the pin moves away it is practically rotated a quarter turn, while the arm remains
in a vertical position. The pin has flanges at its base which are pierced with eyes,
through which pins are introduced to connect them to the links of the chain. The
chain may also be connected to the grinding wheel by a link pivoted to the endless
chain and the hub of the wheel.
The mechanism for operating the endless chain may be modified as follows:-A
stationary bevel gear wheel is secured to the stand adjacent to the end of the hollow
rotating shaft, and a radial shaft is fitted in said shaft, upon the outer end of which
is another bevel gear wheel that meshes with the wheel on the stand. Upon the
inner end of this radial shaft is secured the chain wheel on which the chain turns,
as before described. It will be seen that when the shaft and grinding wheel rotate,
the bevel gear will not only rotate with the shaft but will have an independent
rotary movement with its shaft, caused by the contact of the gear wheels. This
motion will cause the movement of the chain wheel and chain, and consequently
the traverse of the grinding wheel.
The hollow rotating shaft may be made in two parts or divided longitudinally,
and the two parts held together by screws or other suitable means.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
August 1879.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR GRINDING THE CARDS AND
CARD CYLINDERS OF CARDING ENGINES." A communication from abroad by Bozil
S. Roy, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester, State of Massachusetts, United
States of America.
This Invention relates to a machine for grinding the teeth of cards and card
cylinders of carding engines, in which a grinding wheel is used mounted upon a
rotary shaft that is fitted to give to the wheel both rotary motion and a movement
lengthwise of the shaft at the same time.
In the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 is an end view of the machine; Figure 2
is a longitudinal section of the shaft; Figure 3 is a longitudinal section at right
angles to Figure 2; Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 are cross sections on the lines A, A,
B, B, C, C, and D, D, of Figure 2 respectively. The other Figures are referred to
separately hereafter. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
In grinding the teeth of small card cylinders, which are shown at a, a, in
Figure 1, such card cylinders are placed in stands b at each side of a shaft E and
the grinding wheel H, and operated in the usual way, while the grinding wheel
rotates and traverses between them. The grinding wheel is intended to traverse
beyond the ends of the card cylinders, so that no more grinding s...ll be performed
on the card teeth at one part or portion of either cylinder than at other parts, but
all parts shall be ground equally. The stands b are made movable, and may be
taken off from the frame o and placed and secured on the frame of the carding
machine to grind the teeth of the main cylinder, which is usually ground without
removing it from the bearings in which it operates.
Power and motion are applied to rotate the shaft E and the grinding wheel by a
belt or band & running from a pulley e on the end of a lower rotating shaft onto a
pulley fon one end of shaft E. The shaft E is a hollow cylindrical tube, as shown
by Figures 2 and 3, through whose side is cut a narrow slot x, shown clearly in
Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, the length of which slot is equal to the extent of traverse
which is to be given to the grinding wheel. The ends of this hollow shaft are
closed by heads g, g', to which heads are attached journals h, h¹, for supporting the
shaft in the stands b. The journal h is made hollow so as to furnish a bearing for
a short shaft i, to which, at the outer end, a driving pulley k is keyed. The inner
end of shaft i is terminated by a bevel gear wheel 1, the teeth of which engages
with the teeth of a larger bevel gear wheel m, Figure 2. This bevel gear wheel m
has attached to its back a toothed wheel m³, Figure 4, and the latter engages with
the teeth of a similar toothed wheel n, Figure 5, and upon the hub of wheel n a
chain or sprocket wheel n¹, Figures 2 and 5, is secured. These wheels m, m³, n, n¹,
are mounted on stud pins on the face of a block o constituting a section of a solid
cylinder, having its front face a plane, and which is secured by screws to the inner
surface of the hollow shaft E.
At the opposite end of shaft E is similarly mounted, Figures 2 and 7, another
chain wheel P. Around these chain wheels n' and p an endless chain 9 passes, as
shown by Figure 2, and it is obvious that when motion is given to the driving gear
wheel by means of a belt passing around pulley k the chain q will be made to
travel in an endless path. To give support to the chain and confine it to a fixed
plane of movement, a guide p' having grooved or channelled edges is secured to the
inner wall of the hollow shaft E, as shown in Figure 2. H is the grinding
wheel, which is combined with the endless chain 9 by means of a simple device
consisting of an arm which is secured to the hub of the grinding wheel and
projects into the hollow shaft E through slot. This arm has a slot r' cut through

page_text: it, the length of which is somewhat greater than the diameter of the chain wheels,
and into this slot is entered a joint pin s projecting from the side of some one of
the links of the chain. It follows that as the chain travels the grinding wheel
will be made to traverse the shaft the length of the slot in arm r, being sufficient
to enable pins to be accommodated to its changes in position as it passes from a
lower to a higher plane, or vice versa, in travelling around the chain wheels.
In order to lubricate the hub of the grinding wheel properly and uniformly, an
annular recess t, Figure 2, is made around the inside of the hub, connected with
one or more passages u from the outside of the hub. The recess t should be filled
with felt or other fibrous absorbent. Oil supplied through the ducts u will be
taken by such absorbent and uniformly distributed on the surface of shaft E as
wheel H traverses the same.
In Figures 8, 9, and 10, a modification is shown in the shape and construction of
the pin that engages with the chain and grinding wheel. 7 denotes the chain
running on pulleys q', q', and having an intermediate guide pulley 92. All three
pulleys are affixed to the frame piece v, so that the whole can be assembled and as a
whole introduced into the tube in which they work. One pulley q' is not fixed
rigidly to piece v but to a cross head which slides in a dovetail groove in picce v,
see Figure 10, and the position of this pulley is regulated by a screw w running
through the cross head. The pin 81, Figures 11 and 12, of the chain is made with
a T head having two sides slabbed off, as shown, so that this flanged or T head
will go through the mortised arm of the grinding wheel in one position, but when
revolved a quarter turn will not go back through the mortise. The head or T end
will be introduced through the mortise in the arm when the pin lies across screw w,
at which time the length of the T end lies in the same direction with the mortise
in the arm. When the pin moves away from the pulley q' it is practically rotated
a quarter turn, while the arm remains in a vertical position. The pin s¹ has at its
base the flanges 8³, 8³, pierced by oyes &³, through which pins are introduced to con-
nect them to the links of the chain. The chain may also be connected to the
grinding wheel by a link pivoted to the endless chain and the hub of wheel H.
In Figure 13 is shown a modification in the niechanism for operating the endless
chain. A stationary bevel gear wheel a¹ is secured to the stand b adjacent to the
end of the hollow rotating shaft E, and a radial shaft is fitted in said shaft E,
upon the outer end of which is another bevel gear wheel b¹ that meshes with gear
wheel a¹.
Upon the inner end of shaft is secured the chain wheel on which the chain
turns, as before described. It will be seen that when shaft E and the grinding
wheel rotate, the bevel gear b¹ will not only rotate with shaft E but will have an
independent rotary movement with its shaft i, caused by the contact of b¹ with
the fixed gear wheel a¹. This motion will cause the movement of the chain wheel
and chain, and consequently the traverse of the grinding wheel.
The shaft E may be made in two parts or divided longitudinally, and the two
parts held together by screws or other suitable means.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. The combination of the hollow shaft E, provided with an internal chain gear
as described, with the grinding wheel H by means of the slotted arm connection r,
whereby the said grinding wheel is made to traverse the shaft by the movement of
the chain gear, substantially as described.
2nd. The combination with a grinding wheel, arranged to revolve with a driving
shaft and to move to and fro longitudinally thereon, of an annular oil chamber in
the hub of the wheel, encircling the driving shaft and communicating therewith,
substantially as described, whereby the entire contact surface of wheel and shaft are
lubricated with uniformity, as set forth.
3rd. The combination with the endless chain q, wheel H, and slotted arm connecting

page_text: the chain and wheel, of the pin s¹ having a T head, as and for the purposes
specified.
4th. The combination and arrangement in connection with the rotary shaft and
endless chain of a card grinding machine, of the radial shaft i¹, and gear wheels a¹, b¹,
substantially as described and shown, and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
A. M. CLARK. (L.S.)