Year: 1888

page_text: I EDWARD WILLIAM HARDING of 13 Devonshire Road, Greenwich, in the County
of Kent, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of the invention is to manufacture a solid fuel (or what is called
commonly "artificial fuel" in contradistinction to natural coal or wood merely
subdivided) during and as an accessory to the manufacture of coal gas of an improved
quality.
In carrying out my invention I first separate from the coal as broken, the dust or
finer particles to a considerable extent, the larger separated portion being utilized in
the manufacture of the gas and the residual products of coke and other matters in the
usual manner but the resultant gas derived from the screened coal will be found to be
of superior quality than when pursuing the usual course only. The finer portion or
dust thus eliminated, or two or more separations varying in grade of fineness of dust,
are each mixed with coke dust or breeze, coal tar pitch, resin, nitre (such as is obtained
as a refuse product in the manufacture of mineral acids) preferably adding a sinall
percentage of carbonate of lime in order to prevent the production or reduce the
amount of thick smoke.
The carbonate of lime is not essential apart from its function in reducing the
amount of thick smoke evolved in using the fuel made therewith.
The proportions I have found to answer in practice are:-
60 parts by weight of the fine coal or dust and 4 parts by weight of Coal tar
pitch and these are intimately mixed together before adding other bodies; then
30 parts by weight of small Gas Coke or Breeze and (say) 2 parts by weight of
Resin or Resinous matter or residue are intimately admixed; and these two admixtures
are thoroughly amalgamated with the addition of about 2 parts of common nitre and 2
parts of carbonate of lime.
This admixture may conveniently be effected in a mechanical mixer and measurer
such as are constructed with a circular hody with internal radial divisions into which

page_text: .
the matters are received and from which they are discharged preferably down an
inclined shoot to further induce complete admixture. Then these matters are
introduced into & suitable mixing or pug mill, wherein is introduced super heated
steam at or about a temperature of 330° Fahrenheit, so as by the admixture therein
with the aid of the heat to ensure the matters assuming a thorough even plastic
condition.
When suitably admixed the matters are conveyed into suitable receptacles of a
moulding press to be pressed into the desired forms for use. Such a moulding
press as will serve is described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me
bearing the date and number March 16. 1882. 1281.
Blocks of such matters so admixed well pressed and solidified will be found useful
for domestic and other uses and to give off little if any thick smoke, whilst
developing great heating power, combined with facility and cleanliness in storage
and handling.
The proportions and methods of admixture may be varied to circumstances as for
instance the pitch and resin or resinous residue with one or more of the other
ingredients may be mixed together in a heated state so as to bring to more or less
a liquid condition and when cold and solidified this admixture is pulverized and
intimately combined with the other ingredients, say the coal dust and coke dust and
then treated as described in a mixing or pug mill.
The nitre or carbonate of lime or both may in some cases be omitted.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Solid Fuel and in the
Production of Coal Gas.
I EDWARD WILLIAM HARDING of 13 Devonshire Road, Greenwich, in the County
of Kent, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of the invention is to manufacture a solid fuel (or what is called, commonly
"artificial fuel" in contradistinction to natural coal or wood merely subdivided)
during and as an accessory to the manufacture of coal gas of an improved quality.
In carrying out my invention I first separate from the coal as broken, the dust or
finer particles to a considerable extent, the larger separated portion being utilized in
the manufacture of the gas and the residual products of coke and other matters in the
usual manner but the resultant gas derived from the screened coal will be found to be
of superior quality than when pursuing the usual course only. The finer portion
or dust thus eliminated, or two or more separations varying in grade of fineness of
dust, are each mixed with coke dust or breeze, coal tar pitch, resin, nitre (such as is
obtained as a refuse product in the manufacture of mineral acids) preferably adding a
small percentage of carbonate of lime (either in the form of natural chalk or other-
wise) in order to prevent the production or reduce the amount of thick smoke.
The carbonate of lime is not essential apart from its function in reducing the
amount of thick smoke evolved in using the fuel made therewith.
The proportions I have found to answer in practice are.
60 parts by weight of the fine coal or dust and 4 parts by weight of Coal tar pitch
and these are intimately mixed together before adding other bodies, then
30 parts by weight of small Gas Coke or Breeze and say 2 parts by weight of Resin
or Resinous Matter or residue are intimately admixed; and these two admixtures are
thoroughly amalgamated with the addition of about 2 parts of common nitre and two
parts of carbonate of lime.
This admixture may conveniently be effected in a mechanical mixer and measurer
such as are constructed with a circular body with internal radial divisions into which
the matters are received and from which they are discharged preferably down an
inclined shoot to further reduce complete admixture.
Then these matters are
introduced into a suitable mixing or pug mill, wherein is introduced superheated
steam at or about a temperature of 330° Fab. so as by the admixture therein with the
aid of the heat to ensure the matters assuming a thorough even plastic condition.
When suitably admixed the matters are conveyed into suitable receptacles of a
moulding press to be pressed into the desired forms for use.
Such a moulding press
as will serve is described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me bearing
the date & number March 16. 1882 No. 1281.

page_text: Blocks of such matters so admixed well pressed and solidified will be found useful
for domestic and other uses and to give off little if any thick smoke, whilst
developing greater heating power, combined with facility and cleanliness in storage
and handling.
The proportions and methods of admixture may be varied to circumstances as for
instance the pitch and resin or resinous residue with one or more of the other
ingredients may be mixed together in a heated state so as to bring to more or less a
liquid condition and when cold and solidified this admixture is pulverized and
intimately combined with the other ingredients say the coal dust and coke dust
and then treated as described in a mixing or pug mill.
The nitre or carbonate of lime or both may in some cases be omitted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
The herein described process of separating the finer dust of coal from coal used in
manufacturing gas and the utilization of such finer particles in admixture with coke
dust or breeze coal tar pitch Resin or resinons matter or residue, nitre, and
carbonate of lime (the last if desired) in manner and proportions substantially as
set forth.
Dated the 15th 1
CN
1
1000