Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Hydrocarbon or other Oils for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 13th Aug., 1890-Accepted, 20th Sept., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Hydrocarbon or other Oils
for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
1, GEORGE ROSE of 70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the invention to be as follows :-
1-
My invention relates to apparatus for burning hydrocarbon or other oils in the form
of spray for lighting and heating purposes, and the improvements are mainly
applicable to that class of apparatus wherein steam, generated from water supplied
to a coil pipe or chamber, heated by the flame is used to spray the oil or oil vapour
in the burner or combustion box.
My improved apparatus, as constructed in accordance with my invention under one
arrangement, consists of a tank for holding oil which is supported on legs or on a
pedestal or its equivalent and has secured to its side or bottom a water tank. Suitable
plugs or screws are provided for filling these tanks. Projecting out, preferably from
the water tank, is a pipe which is connected to or supports a coil pipe or chamber and
supplies water thereto. In the chamber or coil pipe the water is converted into
steam by the heat of the flame which issues from a barner situated, preferably, below
the generating coil or chamber. The coil is connected at its upper end or at other
suitable part with and supplies steam to a branch leading to the burner nipple. From
this branch pipe another connection to the upper part of the water tank is made.
The generating coil or chamber is preferably enclosed in a metal casing up through
the bottom of which the steam nipple projects. Oil, from the oil tank, is led to
the casing the lower part of which it fills to about the height of the burner nipple.
Cocks or valves are provided at suitable places on the supply pipes to regulate
the water, steam or oil supply.
With this arrangement when it is required to start the apparatus, naphtha or
other volatile oil is poured into the casing surrounding the generating coil or chamber
and is lighted. After burning for a sufficient length of time to heat up the coil or
chamber water from the water tank is gradually turned on. As the water comes in
contact with the heated surface of the coil or chamber steam is at once generated
and, by a proper opening and closing of the valves, is passed into the upper, or other,
After this has
part, of the water tank thus giving a considerable pressure therein.
been done the steam supply to the water tank is turned off and the steam supply
to the burner turned on so as to maintain the flame by spraying the oil or oil vapour
in the oil well of the casing. The pressure in the water tank can be thus maintained
by turning on a supply, at intervals, from the generating chamber or coil. The oil
in this arrangement is supplied by gravitation.
The water tank instead of being a separate tank fitted below or at the side of
the oil tank may be fitted inside the oil tank or a compartment may be made in the
oil tank for holding water.
The pipe for supplying water to the steam generator may be made with a syphon
bend in it for the purposes of keeping a sufficient water supply in the coil or
chamber.
The water supply may be regulated automatically by means of a cock or valve
which is actuated by a piston or float. The float or piston is contained in a small
casing fitted in or to the water tank and is kept in its normal position by means of a
spring. On the steam pressure in the water tank becoming too great the piston or
5 valve is forced to traverse the handle of the cock or valve and so cut off the water
supply. On the pressure falling the spring forces back the piston to its original position
for water supply.
A suring or other safety valve may be fitted on the water tank and it may have a

page_text: small horn or whistle attachment for calling attention to the rising pressure when it
exceeds a certain limit.
For controlling the steam supply to the tank and burner a three way valve or cock
may be provided.
The coil pipe for generating the steam may be an arrangement of coils whereby
they are first coiled upwards, then downwards, and then upwards again. They may
be led down and up again a number of times or not as desired. The steam generating
chamber may be annular and may he made in one piece with or have fitted on or to it
a cylindrical casing in which is supported, concentrically, another cylinder. These
cylinders serve as the combustion box. Air passes to the burner between the two
cylinders.
The lower end of the chamber serves as the oil well and has the spraying nipple
fitted in or to it.
The steam supply to the water tank for creating pressure therein may be supplied
from a separate coil or chamber arrangement and it may be supplied continuously
instead of intermittently as aforesaid.
When the apparatus is to be applied for heating purposes the burner and generating
coil or chamber would he, preferably, placed horizontally so that the flame would be
directed into the furnace to be heated.
The oil well would, in this arrangement, ho disponsed with. The burnor is mado
partly solid and has a steam chamber at its back part. This chamber, which is
preferably closed by a screw plug, may be provided with a perforated tube or with
wiro gauze for filtering the steam before it passes, through an opening, into the
mixing chamber or channel which is made in or bored out of the solid part of the
burner. The oil is led to this chamber and is sprayed by the steam jet A sinall
drip cock is provided for drawing off condensed water from the steam chamber and
there may also be provided a safety valve and whistle attachment. For heating large
furnaces a number of burners arranged in line or grouped in twos or threes is
preferably employed. These burners may bo supplied with steam from one or more
generating coils or chambers or from a steam boiler.
The burners would be provided with a flame regulating and controlling apparatus.
The self generating steam spray lamps covered under my prior applications
Nos. 115178 and 164978 and the liquid fuel furnace covered under my application
No. 1782688 may have the steam pressure arrangement applied to them. In this event
a supply of steam from the steam coil or boiler is drawn off by means of a branch
pipe, which in the caso of the lamps may be led down the interior of the stand tube,
and passed into the water tank so as to maintain the pressure therein, after the
lamp or furnace has been once started. A valve for cutting off and regulating the
steam supply would be provided.
Dated this 11th day of November 1889.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Strect, Glasgow, Applicant's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Hydrocarbon or other Oils
for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
I, GEORGE ROSE of 70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates generally to apparatus for burning hydro-carbon or other oils
in the form of spray for lighting and heating purposes, and the improvements are
mainly applicable to that class of apparatus wherein steam generated from water supplied
to a coil pipe or chamber heated by the flame is used to spray the oil or oil vapour in
the burner or combustion box.

page_text: The present invention is a further development of my prior Patents Nos. 11517"
164978 and 17826 for self generating steam lamps and heating apparatus and it
consists in certain improvements applicable to such apparatus.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended two explanatory sheets of drawings, whereon―
Fig. 1 shows partly in side elevation and partly in section a spray lamp.
Fig. 2 shows in side elevation a different arrangement of spray lamp.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a spray lamp.
Fig. 4 a side view, partly in section, of a spray lamp.
Fig. 5 a vertical section of a spray lamp.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the basement tanks, Fig. 5.
Fig. 6 is a detail view partly in section to an enlarged scale.
Fig. 7 shows in side elevation an arrangement of oil and water tank.
Fig. 8 is a side view, partly in section of a spray lamp.
Fig. 9 is a vertical section of a lamp head.
Fig. 10 is a side elevation partly broken away of a spray or vapour spray lamp.
Fig. 11 is a side elevation of a spray lamp.
Fig. 12 is a side elevation, partly broken away to show the arrangement of oil
and water tanks, of a spray lamp.
Fig. 13 is a front elevation of a triple burner.
Fig. 14 is a longitudinal section on the lino x-a, Fig. 13.
Fig. 15 is a front elevation of a different arrangement of triple burner.
Fig. 16 is a vertical section of a triple oil well burner.
On the drawings the same reference letters wherever repeated indicate similar or
like parts.
Referring to Fig. 1; the lamp here shown consists of a double tank A, B ; the part
or chamber A being for water and the part or chamber B for oil. The tanks A, B,
which form in plan segments of a circle are strapped bolted or hinged together at C.
Projecting out from the double tank A, B is the oil well burner D which is of a
somewhat similar construction to or it may be of the same construction as the burner
described in my prior Patent No. 1151788. The top of the burner is in this case
shown, as made with a broad flange D' to which is secured the combustion box or
casing E. F is the coil pipe for generating steam and it is supplied with water from
the tank A by means of the pipe connection F. Oil is supplied from the tank B to
the oil well of the burner D by means of the pipe G which is provided with a con-
trolling valve G. The self generated steam from the coil F is conducted down to the
steam chamber F2 of the burner by the pipe F³. The pipe F3 has or may have a
regulating valve F on it. In the present invention there is connected to the pipe F³
a pipe H leading to the top or other part of the water tank A. This pipe is for the
purpose of conducting some of the self generated steam to the tank A so as to create
a pressure therein and thus obviate the necessity of forcing in air under pressure by
means of a hand pump as formerly. The burner nipple D has an opening or orifice
of such size in it that there will always be sufficient steam generated in the coil F by
means of the heat of the lamp flame as will supply sufficient steam to give a steady
and regular pressure in the water tank A and also to spray the oil.
In connection with the water pipe Ft is or may be fitted an automatic supply
regulating valve I. The valve consists of a casing I¹ (shown more particularly
at Fig. 6) in which works a piston or plunger 12. The casing is narrowed at one end [³
so as to form a seat for the piston and is screwed or otherwise fitted into the side of the
water tank A. Connected to the piston 12 is a piston rod I which passes out through
a stuffing box I and through a slot I shown dotted or its equivalent in the handle I'
of the stop cock I, which latter may be of the usual construction. The piston rod 1*
may have stops on it so that when the piston is traversed back and forward the
handle of the cock I will be reciprocated and the supply of water cut off or turned
on. The casing I' is open at its inner end I¹º. To keep the piston I normally closed
against its seat a spiral spring I" or equivalent is provided. This spring bears on the
cusing cover [12, which may be perforated, and the back of the piston I³.

page_text: With this arrangement when the lamp has been started which may be done by
means of naphtha or other volatile oil being poured into the box or casing E and
ignited so as to generate sufficient heat to convert the water in the coil into steam.
The steam passes from the coil down to the junction of the pipes F³ and H where it
divides into two streams. one passing to the burner nipple to spray the oil and the
other passing up the pipe H to the tank A and creating a prossure therein. On the
steam pressure in the water tank becoming great the piston 12 of the valve I is forced
outwards against the action of the spring and the piston rod traverses the handle 1'
of the cock 18 and so cuts off the water supply to the coil. On the pressure falling
the spring forces back the piston to its original position for water supply. Tho
valve is or may be so arranged that, as shown, the cock 18 will be open when the
piston 1 is closed against its seat and the cock will be shut on the piston being
forced outwards, although it may be arranged to operate in on opposite manner.
The tanks A, B may be mounted on top of a trestle or may sit on a bracket.
The lamp shown at Fig. 2 has a cylindrical oil tank B supported on three legs or
supports J. The water tank A is, in this case, fitted to the underside of the oil tank B.
The water tank is, as shown, preferably of smaller diameter than the oil tank B as a
much smaller supply of water is required for the lamp than oil. The water tank A
has a filling tube attached to it. The burner D, is of the same construction as
in Fig. 1. The automatic supply regulating valve 1 is not shown as applied to this
lamp. With this arrangement. the steam pressure from the generating coil is at first
allowed to puss into the top of the water tank, through the pressure pipe H so that
the pressure in the tank will balance the pressure in the generating coil. If pressure
was not admitted to the water tank A through the pipe H there would be a buck
pressure along the water supply pipe F, which is together with the lower part of
the coil always filled with water up to the same level as in the water tank when the
valve 1 is open and as a consequence water would flow irregularly and thus cause the
lamp to go out. By having the pressure in the tank and in the generating coil
balanced as aforesaid, water will flow in small quantities as required, into the generating
coil. When starting the lamp a small quantity of water is supplied by gravitation to
the generating coil by opening the valve I* on the water supply pipe. The valve 1³
may if desired be dispensed with.
In Fig. 3 a lamp is shown having a large oil tank B fitted with a pocket A on the
inside for holding the necessary supply of water. The pocket A, as will be seen, is
fitted to that side of the tank B which is opposite to the lamp burner, in order that
the heat radiated off the flame may heat up the imprisoned air in said pocket and
cause it to expand and so create pressure therein. The pressure steam from the
generating coil F, is led into the pocket A by the pipe H, which in this case has
a valve Jon it to regulate the supply of steam to said pocket. The water
supply pipe F is shown as having a syphon bend F on it which is for the purpose of
keeping a supply of water in the generating coil F. The bottom of the casing E is
shown in this case as being used as the oil well of the burner D. The nipple D³
is shown as screwed into the bottom of the casing E. With this arrangement, when
starting, the water is supplied from the pipe F by opening the valve 18, and as
it comes into contact with the heated surface of the generating coil F steam is at once
generated, and, by opening the valve J³, on the steam pressure pipe H, is passed into
the water pocket A to create or increase the pressure therein. This being done the
steam supply to the water pocket may be turned off and the steam supply to
the burner turned on, by means of a valve on the connection F³, not shown in the
drawing; so as to maintain the flame by spraying the oil or oil vapour in the
casing E. The pressure in the water tank or pocket A can be thus maintained
by turning on a supply of steam at intervals, from generating coil F. The pocket
may be enclosed in a casing forming an air jacket so as to retain the heat. The
oil is supplied by gravitation as in the case of the arrangements at Figs. 1 and 2.
The lamp shown at Fig. 4 works in the same manner as the lamp Fig. 3, the only
difference in the construction of this lamp being that the water tank A is supported or
held out from the oil tank B by means of straps K. The lamp is shown as fitted on

page_text: a trestle L which is broken away. In this lamp the valve, F4, is shown for turning
on steam to the burner D. In my prior Patent No. 1649788 I have shown oil and
water tanks of a similar construction, but the water tank in my prior patent is fitted
as a part of the basement of the lamp whereas in the present invention the tank
is fitted to the oil tank in such manner as to be heated by the flame from the
lamp and to be easily connected to the burner without the necessity of using a
stand tube.
In Fig. 5 the lamp is shown with a crescent shaped oil tank B and into the hollow
of the crescent is fitted the water tank A. The shape of the tank is shown more
particularly in the plan view at Fig. 5. The tanks A and B are strapped together
at C.
In Fig. 7 a double oil and water tank is shown with a division M³ in the centre,
shown dotter, dividing the tank into an upper compartment B for oil and a lower
compartment A for water. Instead of, as is usual with spray or vapour lamps,
fitting the air compressing pump M in the tank, it is in this lamp shown fitted as an
accessory thereto.
The pump is supported in a bracket A' and fits at its lower end
into a socket piece M which has a channel in it communicating with the interior of
the water tank, so that, as the pump is worked, air is pumped or forced into the
compartment A to force the water to the generating coil or chamber of the lamp.
This method of fitting the pump to the tank may be adopted on any class of lamp or
heater using comprossed air to force the oil or water to the burner. By having the
pump outside of the tank much time and trouble is saved should the pump be,
at any time, injured or clogged as it can easily be taken out of the socket, attended to
and replaced.
In Fig. 8 an arrangement is shown whereby steam for creating pressure in the
water tank is obtained apart altogether from the generating coil of the burner. The
arrangement consists of a coil N fitted on top of or it may be around or inside
the generating coil F of the burner. This auxiliary or pressure coil N is supplied
with water direct from the tank A by means of the pipe connection N¹ and steam
generated in the coil N passes into the upper part of the tank A and creates a
pressure therein sufficient to force the water to the generator or coil, or chamber, if
that is used, of the burner. A safety valve N is shown as fitted on top of the water
tank A, and although it is not shown in all cases on the drawings it is to be under-
stood that I prefer always to fit a safety valve on the water tank in cases where steam
is used to create a pressure therein. Pressure gauges are also used. The safety
valve N may be of any suitable construction. I prefer howevor to use a small spring
valve as shown.
In Fig. 9 I have shown a lamp head somewhat similar in construction to that
shown in my prior Patent No. 1649788. In my prior patent the water is led up
the interior of the stand pipe O, then to the annular steam generating chamber O
where it is converted into steam and is subsequently superheated in a coil fitted above
the chamber. From the coil the steam is conducted to the steam chamber I2 of the
burner D. In my present invention instead of superheating the steam from the
chamber in a coil pipe, it is passed through a vertical pipe 02 at the inside of
the chamber 0 straight down into the steam chamber F. The pipe O2 is played on
by the flame and the steam in passing through it is superheated. The pipe O'
supports the chamber O' in position in the casing E. If desired the pipe O² have
one or more bends in it. The bottom of the casing E is or may be made in one
piece with the burner D or it may, as shown, be fitted into a large oil well made as
part of the burner D in a similar manner to the burner of the lamp, Fig. 3.
may
In Fig. 10 I have shown a lamp having the oil tank B which is of larger diameter
fitted on top of the water tank A. The pressure in the water tank is, as usual,
obtained in this lamp by means of a force pump M. There is removably fitted to the
force pump a small tube M, having a rose M at its lower end, the tube is used when
it is desired to force water into the tank A. Q, is the fitting tube only used when the
pump M is used for forcing in air. P, is a small oil cistern having a ball cock fitte

page_text: in it so as to regulate the supply of oil to the burner in the manner described in my
prior Patent No. 4504. The water supply tube F, is carried up from the lower end
of the tank A and is held adjustably in position by a hinged hook Q', or equivalent.
When it is desired to inspect the burner of the lamp the oil connection can be broken
and the hook taken off the pipe F' when the head of the lamp can be screwed down
into a horizontal position for inspection.
In Fig. 11 a similar construction of lamp to that at Fig. 10 is shown the only
difference being that one tank having a horizontal partition indicated by the line of
rivets R, is used. The upper division B of the tank is for oil and the lower ono, A for
water. The pump M, is shown as fitted, in this instance, in a horizontal position in
the compartment, A.
In Figs. 10 and 11 a small lid R', is shown as used for pouring in oil to the tank or
compartment B.
The lamps, Figs. 10 and 11, are on the same principle as the lamp covered under
my prior Patent No. 1151788
In Fig. 12 a lamp is shown having the water tank A fitted inside of the oil tank B.
Although the top of the water tank A is shown as being slightly raised above the top
of the oil tank the tanks may be flush with one another or the tank A may be rivetted
or bolted to the inside of the top of the tank B. A flunge piece S, may be used to
support the tank A in place in the tank B. The water passes up the stand tube O,
and by the branch 02, to the annular chamber 01, where it is converted into steam
which passes by the branch 02, to the burner D. The oil tube G, is shown as fitted
outside of the stand tube. Instead of using the pump M, to create a pressure in
the tanks A and B a supply of steam from the chamber 04, may be led down by a
separate pipe connection to the water tank A.
The pressure passes from the tank A
to the tank B by the pipe T. This lamp is worked on the same principle as that
covered under my prior Patent No. 1649788.
The triple burner shown at Figs. 13 and 14 consists of a solid piece U, having a
hollow steam chamber U', at its back part which is closed by a screw plug U². U³, is
the steam inlet. Steam is supplied to the burner from a generating coil or chamber
fitted in front of the burner in the manner described in my prior Patents Nos. 1782688
and 105119. The front of the burner is preferably cup shaped as shown and in it
are screwed three nipples U. These nipples communicate by horizontal channels U³,
with the steam chamber U. Oil is supplied to the nipples Us, from three tubes or
branch tubes U. The oil as it flows from the tubes U, trickles down the vertical
passages U7, at each nipple and is sprayed or atomized by the issuing steam. V, are
oil supply regulating and flame controlling devices. One of the controllers V, is
fitted over each oil supply channel. The burner nipples U, are shown as grouped in
a triangular form.
In Fig. 15 a triple burner is shown. In this view the burners are arranged in
line, being joined together by bridges V. Oil is supplied to each burner separately
from three tubes or branch tubes indicated in dotted lines at W. The oil passes down
the vertical connections W₁, and by the channels U', shown dotted to the horizontal
spraying channels U. Only one controlling device V, is shown as used with this
arrangement for regulating the oil supply to each burner. The nipples U are not
used in this case.
Fig. 16 shows one of my oil well burners fitted with three nipples D², therein
instead of one as usual. The nipples are screwed into the partition D, and may have
as indicated perforated tubes D³, or pieces of gauze to filter the steam as it passes to
the nipples.
Instead of using three nipples any other number may be used. More powerful
light and heat can be obtained when a number of nipples are used.
A small apex-perforated cone may be fitted in the steam pressure pipes H., or in the
water or oil supply pipes in the same manner as in my Patent 11517 for the purpose
of reducing and regulating the supply of steam, water or oil.
In cases where desired the tanks herein before described may be fitted or placed at a

page_text: distance from the burner which may be supported from the roof of a building with its
oil and water pipes in the same manner as a gas pendant or it may be fitted or placed
in any other suitable position.
With the arrangement of steam pressure tanks bereinbefore described not only is
the necessity for repeated pumping obviated but the water in the water tank is
warmed sufficiently to facilitate a rapid steam generation in the generating coil or
chamber.
The steam generating coil pipe F, may be a return coil i.e. coiled upwards, then
down and then up again as described in my prior Patent No. 164978. The coil may
be led up and down a number of times as desired.
The pressure steam instead of being supplied from the generating coil F, or an
auxiliary coil N, may be supplied from a chamber or vessel fitted above or near to the
flame.
A small drip cock D8 (Figs. 10 and 11) may be fitted to the underside of the steam
chamber of the burner D, for drawing off condensed water.
A whistle may be fitted on top of the pressuro tanks to indicate when the pressure
has reached a certain point, so that, the attendant can then cut off further supply of
steain.
The burner, Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16, may be supplied with steam from one large or
several small generating coils or chambers or a boiler.
The self generating steam spray lamps covered under my prior applications
Nos. 1151788 and 1649788 and the liquid fuel furnace covered under my appli-
cation No. 1782688 may have the steam pressure arrangement applied to them.
In this event a supply of steam from the steam coil or chamber is drawn off by
means of a branch pipe (which in the case of the lamps may he led down the
interior of the stand tube) and passed into the water tank so as to maintain the
pressure therein, after the lamp or furnace has been once started. A valve for
cutting off and regulating the steam supply would be provided.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
consider novel and therefore desire to claim and secure by Letters Patent is :-
1. In oil spray lighting or heating apparatus working with self generated steam,
the method of creating a pressure in the water tank by admitting steam from
the self generating coil or chamber to said tank, substantially as herein before
described.
2. The combination with the steam generating coil or chamber of the lamp or
burner, of a pipe connection for conducting steam from said coil or chamber to
the water tank, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
3. The combination with the self generating stoam coil For chamber O' and the
water tank or compartment A, of the pressure pipe H, and valve J, substantially as
herein before described with reference to the drawings annexed.
4. In oil spray lighting or heating apparatus working with self generated steam,
the application and use of an automatic water supply controlling valve, substantially
as hereinbefore set forth.
5. The combination with the water tank A of the steam generating coil F,
pipe H. and automatic water supply controlling valve I, substantially as herein before
described with reference to the annexed drawings.
6. In oil spray lighting or heating apparatus" working with self generated steam,
the combination with the water tank and a self generating steam coil or chamber
of a pipe having a syphon bend therein for supplying water from said tank to the
coil or chamber, substantially as herein before set forth.
7. The improved constructions of burner substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to Figs. 13, 14 and 15.
8. The combination with the burners D or U and self generating steam coil F
or chamber 0¹, of an oil tank having a water tank fitted below, or inside said

page_text: oil tank, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings
annexed.
9. The general arrangement and combination of parts of the several self
generating stenm lamps, substantially as herein before described with reference to
the drawings annexed."
Dated this 19th day of August 1890
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.