aprovements in connection with Burners used for Incandescent Gas Lighting.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application,
5th Sept., 1900-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1900
Date of Application,
healUT
ft 5th Sept., 1900-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1900
Complete SpeeA
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
aprovements in connection with Burners used for Incandescent Gas
Lighting.
I, CHARLES SCOTT SNELL, of Culver Park, Saltash, in the County of Cornwall,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to provide a burner which shall be effective
compressed and burned at a pressure above the
for either high or low pressure of gas, that is to say, it is peculiarly suitable on
gas circuits in which gas
normal which obtains in the street main, or under equivalent conditions.
In many installations the gas is compressed by machines operated by water
pressure, hot air engines or like sources of power. The failure of the source of
power however leaves the gas at the normal street pressure, if an automatic bye-
pass be allowed to come into action. The light at the burners is then very
small by reason of the necessarily small gas apertures in the nipples designed to
suit the heavier pressure.
provide a series of holes, collectively large enough to main-
In my invention
tain an effective light to the mantle at normal gas pressure, but the central hole
is of larger bore than the others, and when closed leaves sufficient aperture area
in the remaining holes to provide the required illumination whilst the machine
is running and maintaining the gas pressure.
A disc, ball, diaphragm, or other convenient form of valve is arranged whereby
at a prearranged point in the gas pressure it closes the exit of the low pressure
20 aperture leaving the maintenance of the light entirely to the remaining high
pressure apertures.
th
Now I am aware that governors exist for maintaining more or less steady issuing
pressure to the gas, but in my invention I may entirely cut off the low pressur
aperture, not wire draw or choke the gas flow. It is evident moreover
25 definite change in the burner from its high pressure function to its adaptabilit
to low pressure is quite a distinctive feature compared with governing in th
sense usually understood and although I prefer to absolutely cut off the lo
pressure aperture it is within the spirit of iny invention to make the valve on
partially cut off if I wish.
30
30
By complete cutting off, the regulation of a nipple is easily achieved, th
at the normal high pressure say 10 inches or 50 inches of water or other desi
pressure the fine holes may be broached or reamered out until the burner
satisfactory, then reverting to a pressure averaging a few tenths, as on the
mains, the central aperture may be reamered out until the burner, with
35 holes blowing, is satisfactory. It then becomes possible to light up an installa
with ordinary gas, governed if desired by usual appliances, and the effici
perhaps being 20 candle power or more per foot of gas. As soon as the
pressing machine is started however the gas pressure is raised to say 10 inch
to inches or whatever may be arranged for, and the character of the bu
tically changed to suit; the light will then give that

page_text: sponding increase of efficiency in candle power per foot which accompanies a
high pressure. In the event of failure of the machine the burners become
automatically adapted to run on the ordinary pressure, thus panic may be
avoided in places of public entertainment. The usual methods of governing
would not affect this, and do not aim at it.
Although conveniently arranged in the nipple as above described, any other
modification may be made such as a small feeding pipe at the side in place of a
central aperture.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in connection with Burners used for Incandescent Gas
Lighting.
I, CHARLES SCOTT SNELL, of Culver Park, Saltash, in the County of Cornwall,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
-
This invention has for its object to provide a burner which shall be effective
for either high or low pressure of gas, that is to say, it is peculiarly suitable on
gas circuits in which gas is compressed and burned at a pressure above the
normal which obtains in the street main, or under equivalent conditions.
In many installations the gas is compressed by machines operated by water
pressure, hot air engines, or like sources of power. The failure of the source of
power however, leaves the gas at the normal street pressure, if an automatic bye-
pass be allowed to come into action. The light at the burners is then very
small by reason of the necessarily small gas apertures in the nipples designed to
suit the heavier pressure.
In my invention I provide a series of holes collectively large enough to main-
tain an effective light to the mantle, at normal gas pressure, but the central hole
is of larger bore than the others, and when closed, leaves sufficient aperture area
in the remaining holes to provide the required illumination, whilst the machine
is running and maintaining the gas pressure.
A disc, ball, diaphragm, or other convenient form of valve is arranged whereby
at a prearranged point in the gas pressure it closes the exit of the low pressure
aperture, leaving the maintenance of the light entirely to the remaining high
pressure apertures.
Now I am aware that governors exist for maintaining more or less steady issuing
pressure to the gas, but in my invention I may entirely cut off the low pressure
aperture, not wire drawn or choke the gas flow. It is evident moreover the
definite change in the burner from its high pressure function to its adaptability
to low pressure, is quite a distinctive feature compared with governing in the
sense usually understood; and although I prefer to absolutely cut off the low
pressure aperture, it is within the spirit of my invention to make the valve only
partially cut off if I wish.
By complete cutting off, the regulation of a nipple is easily achieved, thus
at the normal high pressure, say 10 inches, or 50 inches of water or other desired
pressure, the fine holes may be broached or reamered out until the burner is
satisfactory, then reverting to a pressure averaging a few tenths, as on the gas
mains the central aperture may be reamered out until the burner with all

page_text: 5
0
holes blowing, is satisfactory. It then becomes possible to light up an installation
with ordinary gas, governed if desired by usual appliances, and the efficiency
perhaps being 20 candle power or more per foot of gas. As soon as the com-
pressing machine is started however, the gas pressure is raised to say 10 inches, or
50 inches, or whatever may be arranged for, and the character of the burners
becomes automatically changed to suit; the light will then give that corre-
sponding increase of efficiency in candle power per foot which accompanies a
high pressure. In the event of failure of the machine, the burners become
automatically adapted to run on the ordinary pressure, thus panic may be
avoided in places of public entertainments. The usual methods of governing
would not effect this, and do not aim at it. Although conveniently arranged in
the nipple as above described, any other modification may be made such as a
small feeding pipe at the side, in place of a central aperture.
The better to explain my meaning reference is made to the accompanying
drawings in which Figure 1 is a section, and Figure 2 a plan of a burner base
constructed according to my invention; in this instance a part of the discharge
area is regulated.
Figure 3 is a section, and Figure 4 a plan of the burner base in which gas at
low pressure blows from all holes; but at high pressure, only from the centre
hole. Figure 5 shows a modification in the float, so that at high pressure, the
centre hole is cut off, whilst the other holes remain in action. Figure 6 shows a
base in which the gas when at high pressure issues at a tubular extension.
Figure 7 is a plan of the same. Figure 8 shows a base to accommodate gas sup-
plied by two different circuits; one for low, and one for high pressure. Figure 9
is a plan of the same.
In each case the tubular portion of the incandescent gas burner screws on at
the threaded portion, marked A upon the base B and the gas circuit connects at
the threaded portion C, except in Figure 8 where low pressure gas is connected
A float
at the part marked L. P. and high pressure at the part marked H. P.
or valve D with openings therein (except in the case of that shown in Figure 8)
travels within the body B and a ring and gauze disc marked respectively E and E¹
may be added for dust protection. The float may be obviously somewhat
different in shape so long as it preserves its function of wholly or partially
cutting off certain apertures when fully risen.
Referring to Figure 1 if low pressure (that is to say equal to one inch of water)
prevails, the float remains down and all holes are blowing but upon the rising of
the pressure, the flow through the centre hole is gradually choked or goverened
until absolute or partial cut off is effected, as may be arranged, leaving the 4
remaining holes unrestricted in action.
The special method-by a plunger within a cylinder, of governing a portion
of the discharge area, need not be rigidly followed, numbers of different arrange-
ments are well known for regulating the flow through a gas passage, but this
burner base combines therewith the unrestricted flow through supplementary
holes especially arranged to suit the final limit of high pressure. Thus governing
5 or regulating in such a burner, obtains throughout the whole period the pressure
is rising, but when full force is on, the high pressure apertures are not reduced
in effectiveness by partial strangulation as when a governor or regulator inter-
venes in the usual way.
In Figure 3 the lifting of the float cuts out the circular ring of 4 holes, but
0 leaves an unrestricted flow through the centre one at high pressure.
The modification shown in Figure 5 has been explained above, as also has that
given in Figures 6 and 7.
Referring to Figure 8 it will be seen that low pressure gas entering at the pipe
marked L. P. passes through the feeding passage marked L. P. F. and thence
through the two side exit passages marked L. P. E. The high pressure gas
enters at the pipe H. P. and through the exit H. P. E. a second or governing
passage H. P. G. allows the pressure to accumulate under this float D and lifting

page_text: it cut off the low pressure gas supply entirely. Should the high pressure
supply fail however, the float falls and the burner reverts to a low pressure
character.
These bases give the burners a double phase, that is suitability for two pres-
sures, such as day and night pressure or even of very great difference; thus
the low pressure may be say 1 inch of water and the high pressure, 60 inches of
water, yet the burners will automatically adapt themselves to either pressure;
and whether the character of the burner may be such as to demand greater or
lesser cubic feet of gas at its lower pressure compared with its higher pressure;
it is easily constructed to meet such requirements and the exact point at which
the change of phase shall take place is readily arranged by modifying either
the openings in, or the weight of, the float.
This method supplies burners of definite change of character in contra-
distinction to governing as usually understood. In the latter it is usual to use
a final discharge aperture or apertures of unvarying area, in combination with a
float whose function it is to maintain constant, the discharge in cubic feet in
spite of the pressure fluctuations. In the latter case the sharpness of blast which
is the advantage of high pressure; incandescent lighting is lost as a large bore
final discharge aperture is strangulated by a float or regulator action: such
systems in fact do not seek to supply a two phase character to a burner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is―
1. In a burner used for incandescent gas lighting the combination or arrange-
ment of parts substantially as herein specified whereby gas issues from one or
more discharge apertures without restriction at any pressure, whilst one or, more
supplementary apertures are either controlled or absolutely cut off by a rise of
pressure of a prearranged amount above the normal.
2. In a burner used for incandescent gas lighting the arrangement of dis-
charge apertures so that the combined area, is proportioned for low pressure
lighting but a prearranged number become shut off under the action of a float
or valve, so that the residue of discharge area is proportioned to a prearranged
abnormal pressure, thus giving the burner two phases substantially as described.
Dated 4th day of September 1900.
R. CORE GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Charles Scott Snell.
R. CORE GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Charles Scott Snell.