IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE COMBINED SANITARY OBJECTS FOR SUPPLYING AND REGULATING WATER FILTERED OR UNFILTERED TO HOUSES, AND IN LOCKING OR FASTENING APPARATUSES THEREFOR, AND FOR DISCHARGING AND SEPARATING WASTE AND SURFACE WATERS FROM HOUSES AND LANDS, AND IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF DRAINS, SEWERS, AND CONNECTIONS THEREFOR, PARTS OF ALL OF WHICH METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION AND APPARATUSES ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Harry Robert Newton, of 43, Seymour Street, Hyde Park,
London, Architect and Surveyor, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE COMBINED SANITARY OBJECTS FOR SUPPLYING AND
REGULATING WATER FILTERED OR UNFILTERED TO HOUSES, AND IN LOCKING OR
FASTENING APPARATUSES THEREFOR, AND FOR DISCHARGING AND SEPARATING
WASTE AND SURFACE WATERS FROM HOUSES AND LANDS, AND IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF DRAINS, SEWERS, AND CONNECTIONS THEREFOR, PARTS OF ALL OF
WHICH METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION AND APPARATUSES ARE APPLICABLE TO
OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES.”
Sealed the 7th October 1876, and dated the 13th April 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Harry Robert Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1876.
HARRY ROBERT NEWTON, of 43, Seymour Street, Hyde Park, London, Architect
and Surveyor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE COMBINED SANITARY
OBJECTS FOR SUPPLYING AND REGULATING WATER FILTERED OR UNFILTERED TO
HOUSES, AND IN LOCKING OR FASTENING APPARATUSES THEREFOR, AND FOR DIS-
CHARGING AND SEPARATING WASTE AND SURFACE WATERS FROM HOUSES AND
LANDS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRAINS, SEWERS, AND CONNECTIONS THERE-
FOR, PARTS OF ALL OF WHICH METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION AND APPARATUSES ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in economising the use of water, and for continual
cleansing and better ventilation of house drains and private and public sewers,
for providing for same in connection with any existing water supply system, or in
connection with the new systems herein-after described.
Also in a hand or self-acting flushing apparatus of galvanised or enamelled iron
or other metal, or earthenware, or cement to any sink or discharge opening of
waste water, or to any overflowing or warning pipes, and for connecting the same
with all metal and other pipes by means of bolting or cement unions or screwing
unions, and which unions and fastenings can also be applied to any pipe or
pipes, or boxes, or barrels, or coupling connections used for any purpose.
For laying all separate sewer and drain pipes without branches, and for laying
and uniting such in unbroken continuity, and for collecting at the head of any
house drain or drains an apparatus charged with all waste or overflowing waters,
and with or without W.C. soil waters, and for discharging such simultaneously by
[Price 6d1

page_text: hand or by self-acting apparatus, according to circumstances, throughout the whole
length of the drain or drains or sewers.
For discharging all waste and overflowing water with or without W.C. soil
waters into an horizontal drain pipe, or into the lowest traps or W.C. pans
immediately at or beneath the lowest floor of houses, and for placing at the further
end or at both ends of such drain pipe the hand or self-acting flushing apparatus
for discharge into a lower continuous drain without branches laid as a conduit
drain for receiving in the first instance only the discharge of soil pipes. And for
constructing such drains entirely of glazed earthenware single or double junction
pipes with bags or boxes of lime at each junction for precipitating floating deposit
therein before conveyance into sewers.
For constructing all drains and sewers in a special new manner with grooved
half-round glazed or metallic earthenware or cement slabs, and with rebated
continuous glass covers set in cement or partly in cross galvanised Tiron laths
for inspection throughout whole length, and such glass hardened or otherwise, or
metal or glazed tiles when necessary being set in openings capable of being
removed in case of impediment, and for constructing the bottom of all old and new
public sewers in a similar manner.
For constructing and casting the whole of such sewers and drains and the water
channels where practicable in cement between and with cement facing slips moulded
plain or to patterns, and mouldings to any desired shape and size, with all grooves,
round or square rebates, chamfers, birds' mouths, and other forms for making any
necessary openings for frames or fastenings, or otherwise in the sides, bottom, and
top of sewer for doors or ventilators, and for continuous holes horizontal or vertical
in thickness of concrete for ventilation or connection with house drains or pipes
or otherwise. The whole of which is applicable in its varying parts to the
existing brick sewering system.
For constructing conduits or covered ways of same material or otherwise for
drains in houses by part excavation or lowering at side or other walls, and by part
raising an enclosed shelf or ledge or table above ground or basement floor, and for
the further ready inspection and cleansing and prevention of formation of sewer
gases, and for the readier escape of such formed.
For providing bars or girders of iron, linked or bolted together in the middle,
for the purpose of holding surfaces or platforms without scaffolding while con-
structing roof of sewers in concrete, or brick or similar material, with or without
cement facing slips and for ready removal of such platform.
For applying all such appliances to all building operations of all kinds.
For a new system of separating soil waste and rain or surface waters from all
houses and lands, and for distribution of such various waters as necessitated for
sanitary requirements.
For providing water supply branch mains of smaller size, and for placing such
in position and under the streets so as to be able to get at them without taking
up the street paving, for the same provision for gas branch mains and all other
pipes and tubes, and for all telegraph and other wires.
For the more perfect charging and continuous charging of all water mains for
fire, and for the greater use of the existing branch street mains in case of fire.
For the rapid and continuous carrying away of all soil discharges by bringing
the water motive power more actively into use, and for the ready ventilation of all
gases escaping from such rapidly discharged pipes, and for the better prevention
of, and accruing of such gases.
For utilizing the drain and sewer matter and liquid rapidly discharged by com-
bining it beforehand in house drains and sewers with lime, for the purpose of
freeing such matter and liquid from the generating gases, and for the ready
settlement and appropriation and use at its terminal deposit.
For applying all the foregoing to other useful purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Harry Robert Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
October 1876.
HARRY ROBERT NEWTON, of 43, Seymour Street, Hyde Park, London, Architect
and Surveyor.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE COMBINED SANITARY
OBJECTS FOR SUPPLYING AND REGULATING WATER FILTERED OR UNFILTERED TO
HOUSES, AND IN LOCKING OR FASTENING APPARATUSES THEREFOR, AND FOR DIS-
CHARGING AND SEPARATING WASTE AND SURFACE WATERS FROM HOUSES AND
LANDS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRAINS, SEWERS, AND CONNECTIONS THERE-
FOR, PARTS OF ALL OF WHICH METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION AND APPARATUSES ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
My Invention consists of economising the use of water, and for continual cleans-
ing and better ventilation of house drains and private and public sewers, for pro-
viding for same in connection with any existing water supply system, or in
connection with the new systems herein-after described.
Also in a hand or self-acting flushing apparatus of galvanised or enamelled iron
or other metal, or earthenware, or cement to any sink or discharge opening of waste
water, or to any overflowing or warning pipes, and for connecting the same with
all metal and other pipes by means of bolting or cement unions or screwing unions,
and which unions and fastenings can also be applied to any pipe or pipes, or boxes,
or barrels, or coupling connections used for any purpose.
For laying all separate sewer and drain pipes without branches, and for laying
and uniting such in unbroken continuity, and for collecting at the head of any
house drain or drains, an apparatus charged with all waste and overflowing waters,
and with or without W. C. soil water, and for discharging such simultaneously by
hand or by self-acting apparatus, according to circumstances, throughout the whole
length of the drain or drains or sewers.
For discharging all waste and overflowing water with or without W. C. soil
waters into an horizontal drain pipe, or into the lowest traps or W. C. pans imme-
diately at or beneath the lowest floor of houses, and for placing at the further end
or at both ends of such drain pipe the hand or self-acting flushing apparatus for
discharge into a lower continuous drain without branches laid as a conduit drain
for receiving in the first instance only the discharge of soil pipes. And for construc-
ting such drains entirely of glazed earthenware single or double junction pipes with
bags or boxes of lime at each junction for precipitating floating deposit therein
before conveyance into sewers.
For constructing all drains and sewers in a special new manner with grooved
half-round glazed or metallic earthenware or cement slabs, and with rebated con-
tinuous glass covers set in cement or partly in cross galvanised T iron laths for
inspection throughout whole length, and such glass hardened or otherwise, or
metal or glazed tiles when necessary being set in openings capable of being removed
in case of impediment, and for constructing the bottom of all old and new public
sewers in a similar manner.
For constructing and casting the whole of such sewers and drains and the water
channels where practicable in cement between and with cement facing slips moulded
plain or to patterns, and moulding to any desired shape and size, with all grooves,
round or square rebates, chamfers, birds' mouths, and other forms for making any
necessary openings for the frames or fastenings, or otherwise in the sides, bottom, and
top of sewer for doors or ventilators, and for continuous holes horizontal or vertical.
in thickness of concrete for ventilation or connection with house drains or pipes or
otherwise. The whole of which is applicable in its varying parts the existing
brick seweryg system.
For constructing conduits or covered ways of same material or otherwise for
drains in houses by part excavation or lowering at side or other walls, and by
part raising an enclosed shelf or ledge or table above ground or basement floor, and

page_text: for the further ready inspection and cleansing and prevention or formation of sewer
gases or for the readier escape of such formed.
For providing bars or girders of iron, linked or bolted together in the middle, for
the purpose of holding surfaces or platforms without scaffolding while constructing
roof of sewers in concrete or brick or similar material, with or without cement
facing slips, and for ready removal of such platform.
For applying all such appliances to all building operations of all kinds.
For a new system of separating soil waste, and rain or surface waters from all
houses and lands, and for distribution of such various waters as necessitated for
sanitary requirements.
For providing water supply branch mains of smaller size, and for placing such in
position and under the streets so as to be able to get at them without taking up
the street paving, for the same provision for gas branch mains, and all other pipes
and tubes, and for all telegraph and other wires.
For the more perfect charging and continuous charging of all water mains
for fire, and for the greater use of the existing branch street mains in case of fire.
For the rapid and continuous carrying away of all soil discharges by bringing
the water motive power more actively into use, and for the ready ventilation of all
gases escaping from such rapidly discharged pipes, for the better prevention of
and accruing of such gases.
For utilizing the drain and sewer matter and liquid rapidly discharged, by
combining it beforehand in house drains and sewers with lime, for the purpose
of freeing such matter and liquid from the generating gases, and for the ready
settlement and appropriation and use at its terminal deposit.
For applying all the foregoing to other useful purposes.
And in order that my said Invention may be better understood and carried into
effect, I will proceed to describe the same more in detail, and refer to the Drawing
hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 shews an arrangement for water to be refiltered as frequently, and in
as many tiers or stages, and by varying materials as desirable or requisite at delivery
to each house through a hollow column formed of sand, charcoal, stone, or other
loose or porous, or any other substances for obtaining filtration or chemical action,
and which is capable of being inserted in any house pipe, and according to the
quantity of required delivery, increased at discretion in height, breadth, or thickness,
which the regulator shewn by C adjusts to a nicety.
Figure 2 shews water filtered through a hollow column of sand, charcoal, stone,
or other loose or porous, or cther substance for obtaining filtration or chemical
action, and which method is capable of being attached to any street main, and,
according to the quantity of required delivery, increased at discretion in height,
breadth, or thickness.
The column of loose or porous materials above referred to is maintained in its
position by wire gauze, or by winding copper wire internally and externally round
metal or other uprights, set and fixed into metal or other flanges top and bottom,
and in both of the herein-before described arrangements by reversing the current
the filtering column can be cleaned.
Figure 3 shews the formation of a covered way partly above and partly below
the floor of the basement of each house, for the purpose of obtaining control over
the house drain to its exit into the sewer, and which is more fully illustrated by
Figures 5, 6, and 7.
The position of the covered way is arranged in town houses on each side of the
house adjoining the party wall, and is partly formed of party walls, and in a
country house, see Figure 8, is arranged to encircle the whole of the outer walls
externally or internally, and besides this, Figures 5 and 7 shew a horizontal drain
as well as a drain laid to an ordinary fall, and the same Figures 5 and 7 further
shew how and where a flushing apparatus should be placed.
The use of the covered way is also shewn by another system of drainage, viz.,
for obtaining W.C. house drains at increased fall, and this is shown by an

page_text: iron 4-inch drain, and is shewn by Figure 6 laid from the level of the ceiling of
the covered way direct to the sewer, to carry soil waters, &c. alone away, by this
system of very rapid fall the house drain remains open for ventilation at several
points, or as many points as may be desired, and without any trapping, all
down soil pipes being open at top and discharging in heads, as shown by Figure 6.
The horizontal drain and drain underneath can be formed entirely of 6-in.
ordinary glazed earthenware pipes completely embedded in concrete.
Each pipe
has a 6-inch junction, by which means the joints of the piping can be made per-
fectly sound before they are embedded in concrete, and the drain may be readily got
at, at any part the covers of glass, earthenware, or iron to the junctions may be
laid in cement or clay according to circumstances. The junctions are used also for
inserting conical and other shaped bags or frames of chalk, lime, or other chemicals
or materials for the purpose of conveying the sewage and refuse water through the
sewers to the terminal end in a deodorized or partly deodorized or precipitated
state, and ready for treatment, and according to local necessity all chemical refuse
can be separately discharged with as much additional chemically impregnated
liquid as may be required for special circumstances.
The apparatus for self-flushing the drains can be of any size or shape and
consists of an elongated tube with one solid end of enamelled or galvanised
iron or other material, with a small hole at bottom; hung by chains and rollers to
a cross tube, with openings in it set into an outside tube open at both ends, and
which by its own weight rests on a leather or india-rubber ring to prevent liquid
running down the drain, and on the water rising to the height of the horizontal tube
with the openings in it, it passes through and discharges itself rapidly into the inner
tube, which falls with the increased weight of water, and raises the outer tube,
thereby freeing the opening into the drain, when the water rushes through the soil
drain to the sewer, sweeping everything therein with it. When the flushing
apparatus is attached to drains, it can be placed at either end to hold up liquid in
a drain, or to hold it separately to discharge thereunto, but when not attached to
drains can be applied to sinks, and then the discharge can be made to pass suddenly
through the trapped pan of the lowest W.C., which in the case of the lowest class of
houses and cottages would be the simplest means of keeping drains and sewers clean
and cleansed in crowded localities, and could be carried out without any water
supply laid on to W.C. The flushing apparatus is placed in an outer cylinder or
box of glazed earthenware or metal, galvanised or enamelled with trapped cover,
and when the apparatus is attached to sinks it can be made hand flushing by the
removal of the inner tube and by a handle coming up through a small packing or
stuffing box in cover and attached to the outer tube so as to be raised when desired,
and as this outer tube would be at all times a waste pipes when attached to sinks,
the overflow is placed one inch higher than the discharge opening of the sink, so
that when full it indicates its condition by water remaining in the sink until the
handle of flushing apparatus is raised in a self-flushing apparatus, this becomes the
security against overflow, indicating that the apparatus requires an extra flushing
itself for the moment.
In my improved system of drainage the course that the drains should take is more
especially exemplified by Figures 5, 7, & 8. Figure 5 being the illustration of a
town house, and Figure 8 of a country house. The drain in all cases is so arranged
that the flushing apparatus can be put at the very head of it, therefore in its
discharge it sweeps from one end of the drain to the other, as often as the discharge
reservoir is filled, and carries everything therein directly into the sewer. Figure S
especially shews that by commencing at A, and passing consecutively to the stored
water when released must pass in a violent volume from one end of the drain to the
other without leaving an inch unflushed, because as there indicated the drain is
shewn to pass immediately under any discharge or soil pipe, leaving nothing
used instead of having no less under the ordinary system than ten separate heads
where deposits can lodge at and remain unflushed but which unbroken continuity
of discharge must scour..

page_text: This system under parish control is applicable to grouping the drainage of
different houses in town together, either on tortuous or straight lines.
Figure 4 shews a plan of a sewer that can be of any size or shape, and also shews
the section of same, and in constructing such (house covered ways and drains
can be made in the same manner), or in altering old drains, the sub-drain is formed
of glazed earthenware, terra-cotta or terra metallic troughs, and according to
requirement can be of any size or shape, in single or separate pieces as therein
shewn; the sides of the troughs are grooved for the purpose, at any height
required, of inserting glass tiles resting sideways on galvanized iron T bars and
cemented into grooves and T bars, the glazed bottom which can be hardened, if
necessary, thus formed becomes an upper drain for the separation of surface waters
for waste or soil waters, and when drains of a similar character were laid as house
drains, then the whole of the rain water, surface waters, bath waters, and other
clean surface waters could be separated from the soil and refuse waters, and
discharged into upper drain by flushing and overflowing apparatus, the same way
as previously described, by this means the sewage water would be less diluted and
more appropriate for being made available for commercial purposes as well as being
partly or wholly prepared therefore, furthermore in localities where large chemical
refuse passes into sewers, an additional glass bottom could be added so
separate again that fluid from passing into ordinary, or any but extraordinary or
separate channels, to be dealt with according to necessity.
as to
Openings into each house drain into these glass covered drains would be formed
by simply taking out a square of glass and forming a cover by inserting a leather
square weighted down by a square of metal or else relaying glass.
The plan and section shews a recess formed at the discharge end of the drain
into sewer, and by trapping that end the sewer and house drain are entirely
separated, thereby cutting off all connection and preventing the escape of sewer
gas therein, and though the system of occasional and regular flushing instead of
the ordinary way more or less of dribbling water into sewers would of itself by
the immediate and ready removal of sewer refuse prevent the formation of gases,
still for further ventilation of the sewers immediately at the house outlet is shewn
an air-shaft to the street level.
The end of the house drain is capable of being removed for inspection or removal
of deposit, and the discharge at this point is so arranged that a removable flushing
apparatus can be put there unknown to the householder, so that at any particular
period, if the parish authorities desired, they could flush the whole of the house
drains of the parish without entering a single house, and furthermore detect leaking
drains, because if leaky they would not fill, a circumstance that would be at once
detected by the sewer inspector. The sides and bottom of the recess are also for
the carrying away surplus waters into upper compartment of sewer, and the top 4
of sub-drain of sewer is then covered over by a galvanized iron grating.
Figure 7 shows how another system of parish flushing could be carried out from
street level.
The whole of the sewer recesses, shafts, and all parts relating thereto are formed
with cement facing slips of different shapes, sizes, and forms, as shewn by Figure 4, 4
and laid in courses so as to allow the concrete backing in setting to form a binding
course, the upright outer and return angles of recesses and all openings, shafts,.
ventilators, &c. being formed with rebated and grooved and any other shaped or
facing slips, all of which can be cast to whatever angle the work requires, and the
circular shafts are formed with circular, semi-circular, or quadrant facing slips 5
filled in with backing of cement. The roof is formed in a similar way, being
held up by flanged or unflanged iron flitches or girders, halved and bolted together
and with metal, wood, or other surface squares or ledges laid from iron to iron to
cast the concrete roof on, and with or without facing slips. This form of con-
struction would not only keep clear working way in the sewer, but in the 5
setting of the concrete, the girders would be removable on unbolting them, and
the surface square be able to be taken down, involving work the whole of which is

page_text: applicable to buildings, walls, floors, and works in general. All the openings, recesses,
shafts, &c., are shewn rebated or grooved for the purpose of inserting when required
wooden or metal frames, head cills, &c., and wedging them up clear so as to allow
damp and moisture to pass away and run away, and to prevent keen drafts, all
openings would be arranged for and prepared for bolt hinges top and bottom.
By confining the soil waters and deposits into a small space and separating the
waste and ensuring the continually scouring of house drains and sewers the ability
to ventilate a sewer becomes practicable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and how the same is to be carried into operation, I would have it
understood that what I claim and desire to secure under the herein-before recited
Letters Patent is the several modes of and apparatus for supplying & regulating
the supply of water, filtered or unfiltered, and the apparatus for locking or fastening
water, gas, and other service and supply pipes, and the modes of and apparatus for
discharging and separating waste and surface waters from houses and lands, and
the modes of constructing drains, sewers, and connections, all substantially as
herein-before described and shewn by the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Harry Robert Newton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
HARRY R. NEWTON. (L.S.)