IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1858

page_text: Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND
OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME,”
bearing date the 7th day of October 1858.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said DAVID NAYLOR, as such Patentee as aforesaid, pur-
suant to the Statutes in that case made and provided.
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WHEREAS since filing the Specification to the said Letters Patent I have
ascertained that that part of my Invention which in the fifth introductory
paragraph of the said Specification is stated to consist "in attaching to the
stop rod certain inclined or cam-formed levers, which act against studs or
"rollers in order to prevent any pressure on the swells at the time of
"picking," was not new at the date of the said Patent, I for this reason wish
to disclaim and I do hereby disclaim all parts of my said Specification which
relate thereto.
And whereas I have also ascertained that that part of my Invention which
in the eighth introductory paragraph of my said Specification is stated to
consist in forming an improved texture of cloth or carpet by picking one
pick of ground and one pick of color, both of which are governed by two
cards, another card being employed for the purpose of raising the shed of
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page_text: *
the warp in two equal treads, so as to be able to throw a pick of wadding,
yarn, or other material between the two cloths, and thus bind them together,"
was not new at the date of the said Patent, I for this reason wish to disclaim
and I do hereby disclaim all parts of my said Specification which relate
thereto, and for the same reason I wish to disclaim and I do hereby disclaim so
much of the title of the said Patent as consists in the words "and in the
"methods of manufacturing the same."
"
And whereas I have also ascertained that that part of my Invention which
is claimed in the following paragraph at the end of my said Specification,
The employment of protecting wires, cords, or strips for preventing the
entanglement of the wefts," was not new at the date of the said Patent, I
for this reason wish to disclaim and I do hereby disclaim all parts of my said
Specification relating thereto.
"
And whereas I have also ascertained that that part of my Invention which
is claimed in the following paragraph at the end of my said Specification,
"The formation of grooves in the jacquard cylinder in which bands are
placed for the purpose of preventing the overlapping of the cards," was not
new at the date of the said Patent, I for this reason wish to disclaim and I
do hereby disclaim all parts of my said Specification relating thereto.
«
And whereas I have also ascertained that that part of my Invention which
is claimed in the following pa graph at the end of my said Specification,
"The improved shuttle in which the weft is delivered at the bottom instead
"of through an eyelet at the side, and for additional pins for regulating the
drag," is not of such practical value as to induce me to wish to retain any
exclusive right thereto, I therefore for this reason wish to disclaim and I do
hereby disclaim all parts of my said Specification relating thereto.
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And whereas I have also ascertained that that part of my Invention which
is claimed in the following paragraph at the end of my said Specification,
"The improved rollers for holding and delivering the cloth or carpet instead
"of the ordinary taking-up beam, and the adaptation of all such improve-
"ments herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Draw-
ings to the double jacquard machines as well as the single," was not new at
the date of the said Patent, I for this reason wish to disclaim and I do
hereby disclaim all parts of my said Specification relating thereto.
And I alter my said Specification by introducing the letter u' in place of
the letter w' in that paragraph of my said Specification which is in the words
following, "The bars are furnished with tongues or projections v', which
" enter the links w¹ working in guides," the letter w having been introduced
in error for the letter u.

page_text: And I further alter my said Specification by striking out the word "by,"
and also by striking out the word "operating" and introducing the word
operates in place of the latter word, in order that the Specification may read
as follows:-"The lever y¹ is directly raised by the breakage of the weft on
"that side, and when the weft breaks on the other side the lever ¹ is first
"acted upon, and a pin on its further end operates upon the lever y."
And I further alter my said Specification by striking out Figures 7, 8, 9, 10,
and 11 of the Drawings.
The description of some of the parts of my said Invention which are now
disclaimed is left in the Specification in order that the Drawings annexe.l
thereto may be better understood, and not with a view to laying any claim to
the parts so disclaimed.
And in order that the effect of this Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration may be better understood, I annex a copy of the Specification
as it will appear when such Disclaimer and Alteration have been made as
aforesaid.
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"TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
NAYLOR, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Carpet Manufacturer,
❝ send greeting.
"
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"WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
"Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
"One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
"Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said David Naylor, Her special license that I, the said David
Naylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
" said David Naylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
"thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
"make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
"Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
"tion for 'IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Naylor, by an
"instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
"and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
"Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
"date of the said Letters Patent.
"
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"NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Naylor, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: "formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):"-
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"Firstly, my improvements consist in employing in connection with the
jacquard apparatus a series of shuttle boxes at each end of the slay or lathe,
"which are governed in their motions by means of suitable hooks acted upon
"by the cards."
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Secondly, in a double-weft motion, the forks of which are near each end
"of the reed, and placed at right angles with the slay or lathe. In the
"absence of weft the forks fall through slots in the lathe and cause the
stoppage of the loom unless prevented by means of a hook and pattern card,
"which prevention alternately takes place when the loom is working."
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Thirdly, in forming the picking shafts of two or more parts, which can be
"disconnected as required by means of hooks and pattern cards, thus making
"the pickers perfectly independent of each other, and providing the means of
"allowing one to be stationary while the other is working, or putting them
"both out of gear when the pattern is adjusted."
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Fourthly, in employing edging levers with projections above and below
"for the purpose of guiding the wefts and regulating the selvedges of the
"cloth, the said levers being governed in their action by hooks and pattern
"cards."
"Fifthly, in causing the catch of the ratchet wheel to be lifted off by means
"of a hook and cards, or connecting it with the stopping apparatus, so that
"the pattern of the cloth or carpet may be varied or the ratchet wheel
"stopped when separate motion is required either for the loom or jacquard
apparatus."
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"The foregoing improvements will be clearly understood by reference to
"the figures and letters in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which
"Figure 1 is a front elevation of a jacquard loom having some of my im-
provements attached; Figures 2 and 3, end elevations of the same; Figure 4,
« a plan of some of the parts; Figure 5 a front, and Figure 6 an end
"elevation of my improved weft motion."
"In the aforesaid Figures, a represents the framework of the loom; b, the
"cranked shaft; c, the fast-and-loose pulleys; d, the driving strap; e, the
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tappet shaft; f, the yarn beam; g, the breast beam; h, the connecting
"rods; i, the jacquard frame; j, the card cylinder; and 1, the shaft, to which
"the sword arms are usually attached. Instead of the ordinary sword arms,
"I fix to the shaft 7 strong frames m at each side of the loom, in each of
"which is guided a shuttle box frame n, containing the required series of
shuttles, which frame is furnished at the sides with pins or projections o,

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resting upon projections on the spring holders p, connected to the frames m;
"the distance apart of the pins o correspond with the required lift or fall of
"the shuttles, which are enabled to change their position when the spring
"holders p are pulled back for the purpose. To the bottom of each shuttle
" box frame I fix a bar q, furnished with pins or projections r at distances
apart corresponding with the lift or fall of the shuttles; and in order to
raise the shuttle frame as required, I employ for each a lever or beam 8,
working on a joint t, having a pin fitting a hole in the standard or support u,
so that the levers may be either between the pins 7 or separate from them,
as required, which positions are regulated by hooks and pattern cards. The
"levers s are pushed apart from the pins r by cams attached to circular
plates w, fixed to the tappet shaft, and pulled between the pins by springs x,
so as to be acted upon by rollers y on the plates w, which have the effect of
depressing one end of the levers and raising the other, and thereby lifting
the shuttle box frame and shuttles. In order to regulate the action of the
raising levers s, I employ lever catches a', which hold them apart from the
pins as long as required, but the instant a shuttle has to be changed one
" end of the lever catch is raised, and the catch lowered, so as to release the
raising levers, which is then drawn by a spring between the pins r, ready
"for being operated upon by one of the rollers y, the end of the lever catch
being raised as desired, so as to lower the catch by connecting it to a wire
or cord 6', attached to a hook c', acted upon by a card or cards arranged for
"the purpose, the counter or return movement being caused either by the
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weight of the lever or by the action of a spring. The spring holders p are
"withdrawn to allow the shuttles to fall by depressing the catches z, so that
"as the frames advance towards the front of the loom the catches shall seize
"the holders, and cause them to move backwards, thereby releasing the pro-
jections on the holders from the pins of the shuttle box frame, and allowing
"the latter to fall as desired. The catches z are connected to arms or levers d¹,
"which are held when required by lever catches e¹ for the purpose of main-
"taining them in their highest position; but when the lever catches are
"drawn back, and the catches relieved, the levers of the catches are
pulled up by means of the springs f³, and place the catches in their
"lowest position, so as to enable them to act on the holders and relievo the
"shuttles. The lever catches are connected by wires or rods g' to the hooks h¹;
"the action of which is governed by the necessary pattern cards. After the
"catches have been depressed, they are again placed under the lever catchios
by the holders pushing against their curved parts k¹."
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"In my improved weft motion represented at Figures 5 and 6, I employ

page_text: "two forks, one at each end of the reed, which forks are fixed to plates
sliding in the guides m¹ which pass through the reed cap n¹. The plates
" can descend in the guides on either side as low as the position o¹ when not
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In
supported by the weft. The forks and guides rise together by causing
"rollers at the bottom of the latter to pass over cams or inclines p¹, so as to
"enable the weft to be thrown. When the plates are in their lowest position
they act as the slay comes forward against catches q' on bars r¹, guided at
the front by slots in the breast beam, but working sufficiently loose to
allow their other ends to rise or fall when required; when they fall there is
no, stoppage either of the jacquard apparatus or the loom, but the motions
"of both are arrested when one or the other of the bars are raised.
consequence of employing a series of shuttle boxes on each side of the loom
"it is necessary to depress each bar alternately when the loom is working, for
though one fork is supported by the weft, the other fork falls in consequence
of the absence of weft. The bars are held in their highest position by
catches on the L levers s¹ working on the fulcrums t', the said catches
arriving at their holding positions either by their own weight or by the
" assistance of springs. In order to lift off the catches the levers s' are
connected by wires or cords u¹ to hooks acted upon by pattern cards. The
"bars are furnished with tongues or projections v', which enter the links u¹,
working in guides, and connected by chains or cords to the two-armed
levers x and y (shewn in Figure 1), which act upon the stopping appa-
ratus, so that when one or the other of the tongues enters its corresponding
"link if there is no weft for the fork to rest on, the bar shall be pulled
forward, and with it the chain or cord, thereby acting on one of the levers
to which it is connected. When the bars are depressed their tongues are
"out of contact with the links, and no action takes place on the stopping
apparatus. The bars when relieved fall of their own weight, but they
are raised alternately as required by connecting them to wires or cords z
(Fig. 6) attached to hooks governed by pattern cards. If the weft should
break on either side of the loom it will happen when the corresponding bar
is in its highest position, and consequently the tongue would be within the
link, which with the chain or cord is then pulled by the tongue in conse-
quence of the forked plate acting against the catch on the bar as the slay
"comes forwards, thus giving motion to the levers x and y', which work on
"fulcrums connected to the jacquard framing i. In bearings fixed to the
"same framing a shaft a is supported, having a lever on the outside, and
in the inside two arms or levers c, the tops of which enter holes in hori-
"zontal plates d, which are supported on the framing, and can move to and
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"
"
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page_text: 26
fro, the said plates also having holes or spaces through which are passed
"the hooks c' and h³, and also the hooks . To the shaft a³ I fix a boss f³,
"
"
"
"
"
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having a projection or catch, so that when the inner arm of the lever y¹
presses against the catch the shaft and plates will be held back, but the
instant the arm of the lever y¹ is raised the shaft and plates move forwards
by means of the spring g², which operation has the effect of relieving the
aforesaid hooks from the lifters, and making the jacquard apparatus perfectly
distinct from the lower part of the loom. The lever y¹ is directly raised by
"the breakage of the weft on that side, and when the weft breaks on the
"other side the lever a¹ is first acted upon, and a pin on its further end
"operates upon the lever y¹. The hooks e² govern the action of the picking
"sticks when at work, but I also employ other hooks h² for detaching both
picking sticks when not required to be in operation, and for this purpose
"it is necessary to place the said hooks under their corresponding lifters the
instant the hooks c¹, h, and e¹ are relieved, which is accomplished by
passing the hooks through sliding plates, and giving them a reverse motion
"to the plates d² by means of small levers * working on pins in the plates d²,
"and connected at one end to the sliding plates, and operated upon at the
other by the levers c, thus when the hooks e' are moved away from the
lifters the hooks h² are pushed on, and consequently rise. One of the said
"hooks he is connected to a stopping lever 1, having a catch m³ which holds
"the strap fork n³ when the hook h² is in its lowest position, the strap then
being upon the fast pulley and the loom at work, but when the hook rises,
as before described, the catch is depressed either by means of a spring or
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the weighting of the lever so as to relieve the strap fork, which is then
pulled on by the action of the strong spring o², seen in
shifting the strap to the loose pulley and stopping the loom.
Figure 4, thus
The wires or
"cords connecting the levers a¹ and y¹ are furnished with handles, so as to
operate by hand upon the shaft a² and stop the action of the jacquard appa-
"ratus upon the hooks and loom whenever it may be desired. I give motion
to the card cylinder by hand either way as desired by employing catches
"a and b, guided by slots and furnished with springs c¹ at one of their ends,
"and connected at their other ends to cords passing over guide pulleys and
"terminated by handles d, so that when the upper catch a is moved back-
"wards the card cylinder comes forwards, and when the catch 6* moves
"backwards the cylinder is made to move backwards, thus winding and
"unwinding the cards as required, and affording by hand great convenience
"for adjustment. Each picking stick is connected to a shaft på having a
joint q, in which is jointed a moveable arm, the end of which can enter
"

page_text: .66
"a slotted cap or holder s2 forming part of the shaft t2, to which the picking
." studs are connected, which arrangement of compound shafting enables me
"to make the picking motions perfectly distinct from each other, for if the
"moveable arm is below the slotted cap, as shown by the dotted lines in
Figure 2, and the full lines in Figure 3, no action takes place on the stick
" or picker, for although the tappet may act on the picking stud and cause
"the shaft to vibrate, there being no connection with the shaft p the
picker is motionless, but when the moveable arm is entered into the slotted
"cap, as seen by the full lines in Fig. 2, all the parts of the shaft act together
"as if of one piece, and transmit the action of the tappet to the picker. The
"moveable arms are connected by rods u³ to the levers v² raised at one of
"their ends by the hooks e² and h³, so to lower the arms when required,
"which are afterwards raised by the action of the springs w³."
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"In order to regulate the selvages of the cloth or carpet, I employ edging
"levers, having projections y² above and below for the purpose of preventing
"the various threads of weft from being drawn forward after the shuttles enter
"the box and the slay comes forward; the said levers work on joints &³ on the
"breast beam of the loom, and are governed in their action so as to rise
"when the shuttles are required to pass, by connecting them with the cords a³
" to hooks acted upon by cards, the weight of the levers causing the return
or counter movement."
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"In order to govern the taking up of the carpet or other fabric, I cause
"the catch h³ (Fig. 2), which holds the ratchet wheel k³, to be lifted off by
attaching it with a cord to a hook acted upon by a pattern card, and
"also by connecting it with the lever a¹, so that the taking up shall be arrested
" at the first instant a stoppage is required, and thus prevent loss of time in
any after adjustment."
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"The numerous threads of weft are prevented from entanglement, with the
"weft forks, and also with each other, by employing wires, cords, or strips m³
extending from the breast beam, and attached by elastic bands or spiral
springs with the bar or beam n³."
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"In order to move them as required, they are also connected to one
arm of the levers o³, the other arm being connected by cords p³ to hooks
influenced by pattern cards; thus the wires or cards m³ fall upon the slay
"when the shuttles move upwards, and remain at rest until the shuttle is
again required, when they move the wefts out of the way, and prevent
"contact with the forks."
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"The pattern cards are prevented from winding on the cylinder by making
grooves in the card cylinder, and placing within them the bands 1³, con-

page_text: "nected by elastic cords or springs to the rod s³, so that the cards are
prevented from overlapping as the cylinder revolves."
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"My improved apparatus for lifting and falling the shuttles affords
peculiar facilities, and enables me after working with a ground and a colored
"shuttle, and then require to change that colored shuttle for another when
"the latter is above the two working boxes, to cause the box the colored
"shuttle came out of to stand as arranged by the pattern card, and the ground
shuttle to take its place, the colored shuttle taking the place of the ground,
"the ground rising as before, but when the boxes and shuttles are carried
"below the slay I cause the colored shuttles to take the place of the ground,
"and then proceed as before."
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"In the taking up of the cloth I employ three rollers or beams v³, w³, and
, the shaft of the lower being held upwards at the ends by springs or
"weights, the cloth or carpet thus passing between them to a chamber instead
"of winding as at present on a beam in the loom."
"The aforesaid improvements may be applied to double jacquard machines,
"and to those machines where two or more sets of cards are employed, one
"for the pattern of the cloth, and the other for performing the various opera-
"tions before described, and I may also work the lifters by levers or cams on
"the tappet shaft on either side."
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
"manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly
"understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set
forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle
thereof; neither do I claim the employment of two series of shuttle boxes,
nor the mode of acting on the stop rod; but I claim as my Invention, and
which to the best of my knowledge and belief has not been hitherto used
within the realm,"-
"The apparatus for raising and falling the shuttle boxes by means of
hooks and pattern cards.
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The improved weft motion governed by cards, and adapted to two series
"of shuttles."
"The formation of picking shafts of two or more parts, so that the action
of the pickers may be perfectly independent of each other, their action being
governed by pattern cards."
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The apparatus for detaching some of the hooks employed in my improve-
ments when the loom stops."
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The edging levers for guiding the wefts and regulating the selvedges of
the cloth or carpet.

page_text: "The employment of a hook and pattern card for raising the catch of the
ratchet wheel or connecting it with the stopping apparatus."
In witness whereof, I, the said David Naylor, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named David Naylor to
file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same
relates, the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
Temple, May 31st, 1864.
R. P. COLLIER.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Naylor, of Stockport, in the County of Chester,
Carpet Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE METHODS OF MANU-
FACTURING THE SAME."
Sealed the 1st April 1859, and dated the 7th October 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Naylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
October 1858.
I, DAVID NAYLOR, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Carpet Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE METHODS
OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
I apply, in connection with the jacquard apparatus, a series of shuttle boxes
at each end of the slay or lathe, which are governed in their motions according
to the pattern desired, by means of suitable hooks acted upon by the cards.
Each box frame works in guides connected to two lathe swords, and is
balanced by a weight attached by a chain to the centre of the upper part of
the frame. In order to raise the boxes I connect to the under side of each
frame a rod, having studs or rollers placed so that the distance between them'
shall equal the desired lift of the shuttles, a lever entering between the rollers,
and moving up and down by means of a cam or eccentric on the tappet shaft,

page_text: the said lever being moved in and out of contact with the studs or rollers by a
spring and catch governed by pattern cards. For the purpose of depressing
or lowering the shuttles, I place another series of studs or rollers on the rod
connected to the box frame, also governed by a spring and pattern cards; or;
studs are placed at each end of the box frame, and held and relieved as
required by spring holders governed in their action by pattern cards.
The aforesaid arrangements may be applied to single or double jacquard
machines, the latter being worked with two eccentrics or cams from the tappet
shaft.
The pattern cards are prevented from winding on the cylinder after turning
by making grooves in the cylinder, and placing in them bands of gut or other
material, connected to springs, so that the card may be lifted or thrown off
when it has done its work. I employ a double weft motion, one at each end
of the reed, the forks of which are at right angles with the lathe sword, and
are guided in frames fixed to the lathe. When there is no weft the forks fall
through slots in the lathe, and come in contact with levers for the purpose of
lifting off the hooks which govern the boxes, and thereby prevent their action;
the said levers also arrest the picking motions, and by shifting the driving
strap stops the loom. The frames of the forks are raised, as the lathe moves
to and fro by means of inclines or cams. The picking motions are perfectly
distinct from each other, and only allowed to work when required, by means
of the regulating action of pattern cards. The picking shaft is composed of
two or more parts, so that when picking from one side the opposite picker is
inactive, and both pickers become stationary when the weft breaks.
In order to regulate the selvedges of the cloth, I employ at each end an
edging lever having projections above and below for the purpose of guiding
the wefts; the said levers being governed in their action by certain pattern
cards. To the stop rod I attach a lever formed with an incline or cam, so
that there is no pressure on the swells at the time of picking.
In order to govern the taking up of the carpet or other fabric, I cause the
catch, which operates upon the ratchet wheel, to be lifted off, and regulated
in its action by that part of the jacquard apparatus which throws the motions
out of gear. In order to prevent the numerous threads of weft from entangling
with each other, I raise all above the lathe that are not in use by wires, cords,
or strips of any suitable material governed in their action by means of pattern
cards, the weft threads below the lathe being also supported so as to prevent
contact with the working parts of the loom.
My improved cloth or carpet is formed by picking one pick of ground and
one pick of color, both of which are governed by two cards, another card

page_text: being employed for the purpose of raising the shed of the warp in two equal
treads, so as to be able to throw a pick of wadding, yarn, or other material
between the two cloths, and thus bind them together.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Naylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th April 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
NAYLOR, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Carpet Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said David Naylor, Her special licence that I, the said David
Naylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said David Naylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE
METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said David Naylor, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Naylor, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
Firstly, my improvements consist in employing, in connection with the
jacquard apparatus, a series of shuttle boxes at each end of the slay or lathe,
which are governed in their motions by means of suitable hooks acted upon by
the cards.

page_text: '
Secondly, in a double weft motion, the forks of which are near each end of
the reed, and placed at right angles with the slay or lathe. In the absence of
weft the forks fall through slots in the lathe, and cause the stoppage of the
loom unless prevented by means of a hook and pattern card, which prevention
alternately takes place when the loom is working.
Thirdly, in forming the picking shafts of two or more parts, which can be
disconnected as required by means of hooks and pattern cards, thus making
the pickers perfectly independent of each other, and providing the means of
allowing one to be stationary while the other is working, or putting them both
out of gear when the pattern is adjusted.
Fourthly, in employing edging levers with projections above and below,
for the purpose of guiding the wefts and regulating the selvedges of the
cloth, the said levers being governed in their action by hooks and pattern
cards.
Fifthly, in attaching to the stop rod certain inclined or cam formed levers,
which act against studs or rollers in order to prevent any pressure on the
swells at the time of picking.
Sixthly, in causing the catch of the ratchet wheel to be lifted off by means
of a hook and cards, or connecting it with the stopping apparatus, so that the
pattern of the cloth or carpet may be varied, or the ratchet wheel stopped
when separate motion is required either for the loom or jacquard apparatus.
Seventhly, in employing wires, cords, or strips of any suitable material for
preventing the numerous threads of weft from entanglement, in making
grooves in the jacquard cylinder, and placing in them bands of gut or other
material connected to elastic bands or springs, in order to obtain the certainty
of throwing off the card when it has done its work, and also in furnishing each
shuttle with one or more extra drag pins, and delivering the yarn at the bottom
instead of through an eyelet in the side.
Eighthly, in forming an improved texture of cloth or carpet by picking one
pick of ground and one pick of color, both of which are governed by two cards,
another card being employed for the purpose of raising the shed of the warp in
two equal treads, so as to be able to throw a pick of wadding, yarn, or other
material between the two cloths, and thus bind them together.
With the exception of the improved texture of carpet, the foregoing
improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the figures and
letters in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a front
elevation of a jacquard loom, having some of my improvements attached;
Figs. 2 and 3, end elevations of the same; Fig. 4, a plan of some of the parts;
Fig. 5 a front, and Fig. 6 an end elevation of my improved weft motion;

page_text: Fig. 7, the jacquard cylinder, with grooves for the throwing off bands; Fig. 8,
a side elevation of the stop rod, with one of the bent levers; Fig. 9, a side
elevation, Fig. 10 a plan, and Fig. 11 an end view of my improved shuttle.
In the aforesaid Figures, a represents the framework of the loom, 6 the
cranked shaft, c the fast and loose pulleys, d the driving strap, e the tappet
shaft, the yarn beam, g the breast beam, h the connecting rods, i the
jacquard frame, j the card cylinder, and the shaft to which the sword arms
are usually attached. Instead of the ordinary sword arms I fix to the shaft j
strong frames m at each side of the loom, in each of which is guided a shuttle
box frame n, containing the required series of shuttles, which frame is furnished
at the sides with pins or projections o resting upon projections on the spring
holders p connected to the frames m; the distance apart of the pins o correspond
with the required lift or fall of the shuttles, which are enabled to change their
position when the spring holders p are pulled back for the purpose. To the
bottom of each shuttle box frame I fix a bar q, furnished with pins or pro-
jections rat distances apart corresponding with the lift or fall of the shuttles,
and in order to raise the shuttle frame as required I employ for each a lever
or beam s, working on a joint t, having a pin fitting a hole in the standard or
support u, so that the levers may be either between the pins r or separate from
them, as required, which positions are regulated by hooks and pattern cards.
The levers & are pushed apart from the pins r by cams v attached to circular
plates w, fixed to the tappet shaft, and pulled between the pins by springs,
so as to be acted upon by rollers y on the plates w, which have the effect of
depressing one end of the levers and raising the other, and thereby lifting the
shuttle box frame and shuttles. In order to regulate the action of the raising
levers s, I employ lever catches a', which hold them apart from the pins r as
long as required, but the instant a shuttle has to be changed, one end of the
lever catch is raised and the catch lowered so as to release the raising lever 8,
which is then drawn by a spring a between the pins r ready for being operated
upon by one of the rollers y; the end of the lever catch being raised as desired
so as to lower the catch by connecting it to a wire or cord 61, attached to a
hook c', acted upon by a card or cards arranged for the purpose, the counter or
return movement being caused either by the weight of the lever or by the
action of a spring. The spring holders p are withdrawn to allow the shuttles
to fall, by depressing the catches, so that as the frames advance towards the
front of the loom the catches shall seize the holders and cause them to move
backwards, thereby releasing the projections on the holders from the pins of
the shuttle box frame, and allowing the latter to fall as desired. The catches z
are connected to arms or levers d, which are held, when required, by lever

page_text: catches e¹, for the purpose of maintaining them in their highest position, but
when the lever catches are drawn back and the catches z relieved, the levers of
the catches z are pulled up by means of the springs f, and place the catches
in their lowest position, so as to enable them to act on the holders, and relieve
the shuttles; the lever catches are connected by wires or rods g¹ to the
hooks h', the action of which is governed by the necessary pattern cards.
After the catches have been depressed they are again placed under the lever
catches by the holders pushing against their curved parts k¹.
Z¹
In my improved weft motion represented at Figs. 5 and 6, I employ two
forks, one at each end of the reed, which forks are fixed to plates sliding in
the guides m', which pass through the reed cap n'. The plates can descend
in the guides on either side as low as the position o¹ when not supported by the
weft. The forks and guides rise together by causing rollers at the bottom of
the latter to pass over cams or inclines p¹, so as to enable the weft to be
thrown. When the plates are in their lowest position, they act as the slay
comes forward against catches q¹ on bars r¹, guided at the front by slots in
the breast beam, but working sufficiently loose to allow their other ends to
rise or fall when required; when they fall there is no stoppage either of the
jacquard apparatus or the loom, but the motions of both are arrested when one
or the other of the bars are raised. In consequence of employing a series of
shuttle boxes on each side of the loom, it is necessary to depress each bar
alternately when the loom is working, for though one fork is supported by the
weft, the other fork falls in consequence of the absence of weft. The bars r¹
are held in their highest position by catches on the L-levers s¹ working on the
fulcrums t¹, the said catches arriving at their holding positions either by their
own weight or by the assistance of springs. In order to lift off the catches
the levers s¹ are connected by wires or cords u¹ to hooks acted upon by pattern
cards. The bars are furnished with tongues or projections ¹, which enter
the links w working in guides and connected by chains or cords to the two-
armed levers ¹ and y¹ (shewn in Fig. 1), which act upon the stopping
apparatus, so that when one or the other of the tongues enters its corre-
sponding link, if there is no weft for the fork to rest on, the bar shall be
pulled forward, and with it the chain or cord, thereby acting on one of the
levers to which it is connected. When the bars are depressed their tongues
are out of contact with the links, and no action takes place on the stopping
apparatus. The bars when relieved fall of their own weight, but they are
raised alternately, as required, by connecting them to wires or cords z (Fig. 6),
attached to hooks governed by pattern cards. If the weft should break on
either side of the loon, it will happen when the corresponding bar is in its

page_text: highest position, and consequently the tongue would be within the link, which
with the chain or cord is then pulled by the tongue in consequence of the fork
plate acting against the catch on the bar as the slay comes forwards, thus
giving motion to the levers a¹ and y', which work on fulcrums connected to
the jacquard framing i. In bearings fixed to the same framing a shaft a² is
supported, having a lever 63 on the outside, and in the inside two arms or
levers c³, the tops of which enter holes in horizontal plates d², which are
supported on the framing and can move to and fro, the said plates also baving
holes or spaces through which are passed the hooks c¹ and h', and also the
hooks e. To the shaft as I fix a boss f, having a projection or catch, so that
when the inner arm of the lever y¹ presses against the catch, the shaft and
plates will be held back; but the instant the arm of the lever y¹ is raised, the
shaft and plates move forwards by means of the spring g³, which operation has
the effect of relieving the aforesaid hooks from the lifters, and making the
jacquard apparatus perfectly distinct from the lower part of the loom. The
lever y¹ is directly raised by the breakage of the weft on that side, and when
the weft breaks on the other side the lever a¹ is first acted upon, and by a pin
on its further end operating upon the lever y¹. The hooks e² govern the action
of the picking sticks when at work, but I also employ other hooks h² for
detaching both picking sticks when not required to be in operation; and for
this purpose it is necessary to place their said hooks under their corresponding
lifters; the instant the hooks c', h¹, and e, are relieved, which is accomplished
by passing the hooks through sliding plates, and giving them a reverse motion
to the plates d by means of small levers working on pins in the plates d³,
and connected at one end to the sliding plates, and operated upon at the other
by the levers c; thus, when the hooks e are moved away from the lifters, the
hooks are pushed on, and consequently rise. One of the said hooks h² is
connected to a stopping lever having a catch m³, which holds the strap
fork n when the hook he is in its lowest position, the strap then being upon
the fast pulley and the loom at work; but when the hook rises, as before
described, the catch is depressed either by means of a spring or the weighting
of the lever, so as to relieve the strap fork, which is then pulled on by the
action of the strong spring 0%, seen in Fig. 4, thus shifting the strap to
the loose pulley and stopping the loom. The wires or cords connecting
the levers a¹ and y' are furnished with handles, so as to operate by hand upon the
shaft as, and stop the action of the jacquard apparatus upon the hooks and
loom whenever it may be desired. I give motion to the card cylinder by
hand either way, as desired, by employing catches a and b, guided by slots
and furnished with springs cat one of their ends, and connected at their other

page_text: ends to cords passing over guide pulleys and terminated by handles d', so that
when the upper catch a' is moved backwards, the card cylinder comes forwards,
and when the catch 6 moves backwards the cylinder is made to move back-
wards, thus winding and unwinding the cards as required, and affording by
hand great convenience for adjustment. Each picking stick is connected to a
shaft p having a joint q², in which is jointed a moveable arm 7-3, the end of
which can enter a slotted cap or holder så formning part of the shaft t, to which
the picking studs are connected, which arrangement of compound shafting
enables me to make the picking motions perfectly distinct from each other,
for if the moveable arm is below the slotted cap, as shewn by the dotted
lines in Fig. 2 and the full lines in Fig. 3, no action takes place on the stick
or picker; for although the tappet may act on the picking stud and cause the
shaft t² to vibrate, there being no connection with the shaft p³, the picker is
motionless; but when the moveable arm is entered into the slotted cap, as
seen by the full lines in Fig. 2, all the parts of the shaft act together as if of
one piece, and transmit the action of the tappet to the picker. The moveable
arms are connected by rods u² to the levers raised at one of their ends by
the hooks e and h2 so as to lower the arms when required, which are after-
wards raised by the action of the springs w².
In order to regulate the selvages of the cloth or carpet, I employ edging
levers having projections y³ above and below, for the purpose of preventing
the various threads of weft from being drawn forward after the shuttles enter
the box and the slay comes forward; the said levers work on joints 2 on the
breast beam of the loom, and are governed in their action so as to rise when
.the shuttles are required to pass, by connecting them with the cords a³ to hooks
acted upon by cards, the weight of the levers causing the return or counter
movement.
In order to prevent any pressure on the swells of the shuttles at the time of
picking, I attach to the stop rod 63 (Fig. 7) an inclined or bent lever c³, which
comes in contact with the stud or roller d³, when the slay moves backwards
so as to pull back the lever e', and thus leave the shuttle free, but at another
part of the stroke, when the shuttle box frame is raised or lowered, the
pressure is taken off by causing the frog f³ to come in contact with an incline
or cam g³ fixed to the framework of the loom, thus throwing back the lever e
at the exact time required.
In order to govern the taking up of the carpet or other fabric, I cause the
catch (Fig. 2), which holds the ratchet wheel ³, to be lifted off by attaching
it with a cord ³ to a hook acted upon by a pattern card, and also by con-
necting it with the lever x¹, so that the taking up shall be arrested at the

page_text: first instant a stoppage is required, and thus prevent loss of time in any after
adjustment.
The numerous threads of weft are prevented from entanglement with the
weft forks, and also with each other, by employing wires, cords, or strips m³
extending from the breast beam, and attached by elastic bands or spiral
springs with the bar or beam n³. In order to move them as required, they
are also connected to one arm of the levers o³, the other arm being connected
by cords på to hooks, influenced by pattern cards. Thus, the wires or
cords m³ fall upon the slay when the shuttles move upwards, and remain at
rest until the shuttle is again required, when they move the wefts out of the
way, and prevent contact with the forks.
The pattern cards are prevented from winding on the cylinder by making
grooves q³ in the card cylinder, seen detached in Fig. 7, and placing within
them the bands connected by elastic cords or springs to the rod s³, so that
the cards are prevented from overlapping as the cylinder revolves.
In Figs. 9, 10, and 11, representing my improved shuttle, it will be seen
that I groove the bottom part, in order to deliver the yarn at the bottom
instead of through an eyelet in the side, and give a drag either way, according
to the throw of the shuttle, by placing an extra drag pin t³, another u³ being
placed when required to give a larger amount of friction or drag.
I may here remark that I may reverse most of the improved movements
before described by causing springs to supply the place of the hooks, and
making the hooks do the work of the springs.
My improved cloth or carpet is formed by picking one pick of ground and
one pick of color, both of which are governed by two cards, another card being
employed for the purpose of raising the shed of the warp in two equal treads,
so as to be able to throw a pick of wadding, yarn, or other material between
the two cloths, and thus bind them together.
My improved apparatus for lifting and falling the shuttles affords peculiar
facilities, and enables me, after working with a ground and a colored shuttle,
and then require to change that colored shuttle for another, when the latter
is above the two working boxes, to cause the box the colored shuttle came out
of to stand as arranged by the pattern card, and the ground shuttle to take its
place, the colored shuttle taking the place of the ground, the ground rising as
before; but when the boxes and shuttles are carried below the slay, I cause
the colored shuttles to take the place of the ground, and then proceed as
before.
In the taking up of the cloth, I employ three rollers or beams v³, w³, and
a. the shaft of the lower 23 being held unwards at the ends by springs or

page_text: weights, the cloth or carpet thus passing between them to a chamber instead
of winding, as at present, on a beam in the loom.
The aforesaid improvements may be applied to double jacquard machines,
and to those machines where two or more sets of cards are employed, one for
the pattern of the cloth, and the other for performing the various operations
before described, and I may also work the lifters by levers or cams on the
tappet shaft on either side.
In order to enable the cards to perform the required work for a lengthened
period, I use plugs of metal for acting against the needles of the hooks.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set forth,
as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle
thereof; neither do I claim the employment of two series of shuttle boxes, nor
the mode of acting on the stop rod; but I claim as my Invention, and which
to the best of my knowledge and belief has not been hitherto used within the
realm,
The apparatus for raising and falling the shuttle boxes by means of hooks
and pattern cards.
The improved weft motion governed by cards, and adapted to two series
of shuttles.
The formation of picking shafts of two or more parts, so that the action of
the pickers may be perfectly independent of each other, their action being
governed by pattern cards.
The apparatus for detaching some of the hooks employed in my improve-
ments when the loom stops.
The edging levers, for guiding the wefts and regulating the selvedges of the
cloth or carpet.
The employment of a hook and pattern card for raising the catch of the
ratchet wheel, or connecting it with the stopping apparatus.
The employment of protecting wires, cords, or strips, for preventing the
entanglement of the wefts.
The formation of grooves in the jacquard cylinder, in which bands are
placed for the purpose of preventing the overlapping of the cards.
The improved shuttle, in which the weft is delivered at the bottom instead
of through an eyelet at the side, and for additional pins for regulating
the drag.
The improved rollers for holding and delivering the cloth or carpet instead
of the ordinary taking-up beam, and the adaptation of all such improvements

page_text: herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, to the
double jacquard machines as well as the single.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Naylor, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named David Naylor, in the presence of
DAVID NAYLOR. (L.S.)
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.