matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CAMP OR FOLDING BEDSTEADS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1866. A communication from Robert Clegg, of 42, Boulevard do
Sebastopol, Paris, in the Empire of France,
I, BENJAMIN BROWNE, of 49, King William Street, in the City of London,
Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declaro the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CAMP OR FOLDING
BEDSTEADS," (a communication) from Robert Clegg, of 42, Boulevard de
Sebastopol, Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to portable bedsteads and such as
are required to fold into a small compass, and the principal features of novelty
consists, first, in the construction of the hinged parts or folding joints;
secondly, in the method of connecting together and securely fixing the cross
legs of the bedstead; and, thirdly, the general arrangement and combination
of the several parts employed to form an entire bedstead.
The following will serve as an example of the mode of constructing bedsteads
according to this Invention, that is to say, the sides of the bedstead aro
formed of round pieces of wood in three parts hinged together by metal hinges
so as to be capable of being folded up; around these side pieces the sacking of
the bedstead is securely fixed by sewing or otherwise. The hinges above
mentioned are each formed of two pieces of malleable cast iron, and into ono

page_text: of such said pieces a flat piece of metal is securely fixed, and has a slot or
long hole formed therein, through which passes a pin, the said pin being fixed
across one end of a short tube of metal, the other end of the said tube having
a round piece of wood securely fixed thereinto, and in this manner each and
every hinged piece is provided, those said pieces of wood being employed as
the legs of the bedstead, and also to keep the sacking distended; to effect
this I cross the legs like the letter X, and around each of the crossing parts
thereof is fixed a short tubo of metal, in one of which and midway of its length
is fixed a T-shaped piece of metal, which is intended to take and lock into
a corresponding shaped recess formed in the tube which is upon the other leg,
and by these means the legs are firmly held together. The legs at the head
part of the bedstead are formed longer than the other legs for the purpose of
making the sacking higher at this part of the bedstead, so as to serve the
purpose of a pillow.
It is proposed to employ cross legs of the above construction in the con-
struction of some of the ordinary iron bedsteads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACCELERATING THE GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICITY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pierre Gillard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1866.
I, JOSEPH PIERRE GILLARD, of Paris, France, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
ACCELERATING THE GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICITY," to be as
follows:-
These improvements in apparatus for accelerating the generation or
evolution and the transmission of electricity relate to a mechanical arrange-
ment which I call electro-polyphore, in which a quick revolving motion is
imparted to an arbor of iron or other suitable metal provided in an isolated
manner with a series of pairs of metal blades to be carried in contact with a
series of metal conductors fixed in the inner periphery of a drum, in the
centre of which revolves the above mentioned arbor. The metal blades are
connected to a galvanic battery, or magneto-electric machine, or other suitable
generator of electricity, in such manner that one blade of each pair forms the
positive and the other blade the negative pole of the circuits; the conductors
also form pairs, one conductor of each pair being set in contact with the positive
blade and the other with the negative blade of a pair of blades; besides
one conductor of each pair is connected to one wire, and the other conductor

page_text: of the pair to another wire, so as to enable each pair of wires to form an
electric circuit, or the current may be caused to pass through an induction
coil or bobbin. A revolving motion at high speed being imparted to the
arbor an electric circuit will be formed at each time each pair of blades comes
in contact with one of the pairs of conductors, and as this will take place a
great many times in one second the apparatus will cause the electricity to be.
abstracted in an efficaceous manner from the galvanic battery or other suitable
generator of electricity with which the apparatus is put in contact.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Colmer Wansbrough at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd September 1866.
I, ALFRED COLMER WANSBROUGH, of Watchet, Bridgwater, in the County
5 of Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of paper.
It is now usual in making paper to add to the paper pulp before it passes to
the paper-making machine a size made from rosin. Now according to my
Invention I employ in lieu of this rosin size a size obtained by boiling sea
weed, by this means the quality of the paper is improved and a considerable
economy results.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Sang at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1866.
I, EDWARD SANG, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a simple attachment applicable especially to
sewing machines worked by means of Macpherson's shuttle, for which Letters
Patent were granted to Daniel Macpherson, bearing date the 23rd of August
1865, No. 2169, and also to such other of the machines already in use as
require the supply of thread to be drawn off the reel just before and about
the time when the needle has reached its greatest depth through the cloth.
It consists essentially of a lever or other holder actuated by a spring so as
to retain hold of the thread or of the usual tension wheel. This lever or
holder has a tail piece which comes against some adjustable obstacle, or which
is acted on by contact with any of those oscillating parts of the machine which
reach the limit of their motion simultaneously with the needle, in such a way
that by this contact the thread is left free to be drawn off the reel at the
proper time. This contrivance is designed to prevent the fault commonly
called looping, and I propose to name it the thread stop. This contrivance
is cheap and simple in construction, affords the means for regulating the

page_text: length of time during which the thread is left free from the influence of the
holder, and contains moreover a provision for preventing the breaking of the
thread when at any time the loop has become twisted or knotted in so far as
that the pressure exerted by the spring can be regulated so as to allow the
thread to slip when subjected to an extreme strain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE HEALDS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Longden Hattersley and
John Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th October 1866.
We, RICHARD LONGDEN HATTERSLEY, of the Firm of George Hattersley and
Sons, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine Makers, and JOHN
SMITH, of Sutton, in the same County, Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING
THE HEALDS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrangements
of apparatus for operating bealds or heddles in power looms, which can be
worked at a greater speed and with a greater steadiness of action than is
generally obtained with heald machines or jacquards. We accomplish this
by a series of bell-crank levers, equal in number to the number of healds or
heddles employed. The bell-crank levers are hinged upon a fulcrum or shaft,
supported in suitable bearings; one arm of each lever is attached to one of
the healds or heddles, and the other is hinged to the middle of a swing bar, to
each end of which swing bar is hinged a hook or catch capable of taking on
to a knife or lifting bar when placed in suitable position. We employ two
knives or lifting bars, which are operated simultaneously in opposite directions
by means of levers, and a connecting rod attached thereto and to a crank or
eccentric fixed on the tappet shaft, or elsewhere, from which the same speed

page_text: can be obtained. The hooks or catches are arranged in two sets, so that
each catch in each set may be operated upon by its proper knife; and each
catch is selected and placed into or out of position by means of a cylinder and
peg legs or cards, which require moving every alternate pick only and operate
upon a series of levers according to their arrangement, which levers actuate a
series of slidable wires or pins placed in contact with the hooks.
In the above arrangement we require springs or weights for pulling down
the healds. This apparatus is also capable of adaptation for working the healds
.or heddles so as to dispense with springs or weights for pulling down the
healds, for which purpose we employ double the number of bell-crank levers,
swing bars, hooks or catches, and knives or lifting bars, one half of these
parts being arranged to raise, and the other part to depress the. healds by
connection with the usual levers underneath the healds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coope Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1866.
I, JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of Bessborough Gardens, Pimlico, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS," to be as follows :—
The said Invention has reference to the causing anchors to readily take a
hold of or grip into the ground though falling at random, and without the
assistance of the stock or cross bar with which anchors are ordinarily
constructed, but which is omitted in the improved anchors, thereby lessening
the cost. And the said Invention consists in constructing anchors with the
arms and flukes, while being disposed with reference to the shank as heretofore,
in respect of being bent or curved upwards or forwards towards the end of
the shank to which the cable is to be attached, not disposed as heretofore in
respect of being in end view, or as seen looking in the line or direction of the
shank, with the arms or flukes in a generally straight line, but instead thereof
being disposed with the arms and flukes in a generally curved line formed more
or less like the letter S with the middle or meeting of the two curves of the S
situate across the shank, the Invention also including the inclination of the
palms so as that the effect may be when the shank is pulled to cause onc or

page_text: other of the palms (with its arm), whichever may be presented downwards, to
enter the ground and form for itself and work itself into the ground in an
inclined or screw-like path. If desired to weight the shank at the opposite
end, this may be done either by a cast or wrought iron boss or appendage to
be pinned on or otherwise affixed, and which may be done at a comparatively
small cost, or if in wrought iron a boss or enlarged portion may be forged on
the shank.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER IN SHOWER BATHS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gilbert Avery at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1866. A communication from abroad by Henry Wilson Lee, of
Wisconsin, United States of America.
I, JOHN GILBERT AVERY, of Little Britain, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR RAISING WATER IN SHOWER BATHS," to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists of a box with inlet passages and with sides
sloping from the centre; a top or cover is connected by india-rubber,
cloth, or other like suitable material to the top and sides of the box.
The inlet passages in the bottom of the box are furnished with valves
closing downwards, while outlet passages communicate with a common
inlet pipe. To raise the water press down the cover of the box first on
one and then on the opposite side, and the water will be forced into
the reservoir above, with which the outlet pipe before-named commu-
nicates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING FILES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Talabot at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August 1866.
I, JULES TALABOT, Manufacturer, residing at No. 26, Boulevard des Italiens,
Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING FILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cutting files. The system
followed in the improvement of this tool differs considerably as will be seen
from that which has been practised heretofore. It consists in the following
operations:-1st, the production of the cuts known as the first course; 2nd,
the smoothing; 3rd, the production of the cuts known as the second course
or crossing.
The first course of cuts penetrates to a depth of about 25th of an inch,
and the angle is 35 degrees in place of 50° as is usual, that is to say, the cuts
are less open by about 15 degrees. The smoothing consists in removing with
a file or on the grindstone of one-third or thereabout of the tooth formed at the
first operation, so as to give to it a form resembling a plane iron.
The second or crossing course of cuts is made at an angle of 22 degrees to
the first, and at an inclination to the face of the file of about 32 degrees in
place of 51° as is usual, that is to say, the cut is more inclined by about
19 degrees; this last operation gives to each tooth of the file a form like that
of a plane iron, and causes it when at work to produce in place of ordinary
filings little rolled up shaving, and in this way the surface acted on is reduced
much more rapidly than it would be by an ordinary file.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, POCKET BOOKS, BAGS, CIGAR CASES, BOXES, AND SIMILAR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rawlings and Wilhelmus
Rest at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 9th April 1866.
We, WILLIAM RAWLINGS, of Lillipot Lane, in the City of London,
Commercial Traveller, and WILHELMUS REST, of Albion Buildings, Aldersgate
Street, in the City of London, Silversmith, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, POCKET
BOOKS, BAGS, CIGAR CASES, BOXES, AND SIMILAR RECEPTACLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of self-
closing fastenings suitable for purposes, pocket books, bags, cigar cases, boxes,
and similar receptacles, and consists in the employment for such fastenings of
a sliding plate carrying a bolt, which bolt protrudes through a slot or elongated
opening in a second plate, such plate with a third or back plate being secured
by rivets or otherwise to the lid or flap of the receptacle to which it is to be
attached. A small aperture is made in the back plate to admit of a staple
entering therein, such staple being secured to the body of the receptacle, and
when entered into the aperture is caught or locked by the end of the bolt
carried by the first-mentioned or sliding plate. A helical spring is introduced
and caused to press against the bolt, thereby tending to keep the fastening
always locked, except when the sliding plate with its bolt is pushed back.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS AND BACKING FOR ARMOUR PLATES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Headly Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
October 1866.-A communication from abroad by John Gregory, of
Lisbon, Portugal.
I, HENRY HEADLY WILLIAMS, of Buckingham Street, in the City of
Westminster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS AND BACKING FOR ARMOUR PLATES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to fastenings for armour plates, and consists
mainly in constructing the bolts of wire rope. The outer end or head of
the wire rope bolt which fits into the armour plate is made conical by driving
a metal conical piece into the centre thereof, and this conical head is then
covered in a mould or otherwise with a cap of malleable, cast, or wrought iron
or other metal. When this wire rope bolt is driven tightly up, the inner
end which passes through the inner skin of the ship or other structure is
spread out to form an inner head by driving in a metal conical piece, the
ends of the strands of wire being lapped over and round the end of the cone;
the inner end is then tightly clipped by a split nut or a nut made in two pieces
and formed with internal projections to take between the strands of the rope;
an outer nut is then screwed over the split nut, the projections on which prevent

page_text: this nut from turning with the outer nut, a washer is fitted between the outer
nut and the inner skin; or the inner end of the bolt may be otherwise secured.
This Invention relates, secondly, to backing for armour plates, such backing
has generally been made of teak or other hard wood. Now this part of the
Invention consists in backing armour plates with wire of any desired form or
shape, all the spaces or interstices being filled in with dissolved gutta percha
and papier mâché or other suitable material. It is preferred to make this
wire backing in blocks to fit tight between horizontal angle irons placed
between the armour plating and inner skin to prevent the wire backing
spreading out, and the blocks of wire are immersed in a bath of gutta percha
mixed with papier mâché or in a bath of other suitable material; hydraulic
pressure may be employed in this process.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING THE TUBES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Soutar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1866. A communication from abroad by Daniel McDowell, of
Kingston, Jamaica.
I, SAMUEL SOUTAR, of Turnham Green, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR CLEANING THE TUBES OF STEAM BOILERS," (a communication to me from
abroad by Daniel McDowell, of Kingston, Jamaica,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for cleaning the tubes
of steam boilers by a jet of steam or other elastic fluid. The usual way of
cleaning tubes is by scraping and brushing them out by hand; this in
many instances is very carelessly performed and very often badly done.
It is well known that in many instances trains are not up to their time on
account of the engine being short of steam, and this very often arises from
the tubes not being properly cleaned out. This is a serious inconvenience,
to say nothing of the great waste of fuel which must follow as a consequence
when tubes are not kept properly cleaned. By the use of the proposed
apparatus a set of tubes can be cleaned out in a few minutes, and done so
perfectly that not a single particle of dirt or crust will remain, and with
less than one-tenth of the labor that is necessary to brush them out. The
whole apparatus consists of a jet pipe about three feet in length, similar

page_text: to that used for fire engines with a steam cock at the end next the handle;
it is connected to the boiler at any convenient spot by a few feet of gas
piping, with two or three bends to serve as union joints to allow the jet to
be turned in any direction. A second steam cock is placed close to the
boiler to shut the steam off from the pipe when not in use. When the
apparatus is going to be used the jet will be screwed on and the jet cock
closed, the steam cock next the boiler will then be opened and the pipe
will be filled with steam down to the jet cock, the end of the jet will then
be introduced into the tube, and by a sharp turn of the cock a blast of
steam passes through the tube, and every particle of dirt and crust is
driven out; the jet is then placed in another tube, and so on until all are
properly cleaned out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM WHISTLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cuthbert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1866.
I, WILLIAM CUTHBERT, of Doncaster, in the County of York, Brass Finisher,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
WHISTLES," to be as follows:
My Invention consists in carrying through the crown of the bell and
through the tongue a rod, the lower end of which carries a valve which is
kept raised either by a spring or by the pressure of the steam; the upper end
of the rod extends a short distance above the crown of the bell, and a lever
which is hinged to an upright supported by an arm carried out from the
crown bears upon the top of the rod. When it is required to sound the
whistle the lever is pressed down by hand or otherwise, so as to force down
the rod and thereby open the valve, the steam is then allowed to escape
through the ordinary aperture and sound the whistle.
My Invention further consists in constructing a double-toned whistle as
follows:-I employ between the bell and the tongue a cylinder, the diameter:
of which is equal to that of the mouth of the bell; this cylinder is connected
to the central support of the bell and tongue by a bridge or arms; the bell is
kept at about a quarter of an inch, more or less, above the cylinder, by means
of a spring. When the ordinary shrill whistle is required I press down the
rod by means of the lever, as before explained; but when a fog or guard
signal is required I press down a second lever, which at the same time that it

page_text: forces down the rod to open the valve also forces the bell down upon the
cylinder, and a duller or less shrill whistle is thereby produced.
This whistle can be sounded by the driver or fireman on the foot plate by
hand, or by the guard from his van by means of a wire or string communi-
cating with it.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARING SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Hadley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1866.
I, BENJAMIN HADLEY, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, General
Coach Smith, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARING SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
My improvements consist in arranging and adapting helical springs for
the use of road carriages, which springs I purpose making invariably of a
coiled rod or strip of steel, the section of which is rectangular, that is to say,
its width being about double its thickness, more or less, as preferred; this
section affords great strength and resistance with economy of material. They
may be set up singly or in pairs, taking their bearing on a suitable connection
with the axle in connection with guide sockets or rods, and a stay plate or
parts attached to the carriage body. And in some instances for carriages
requiring to run low, the same description of springs may be suitably attached
to the carriage axles so as to hang pendant, and the body of the carriage
attached to their lower ends, by. which means the spring will be exerted in its
expansion in contradistinction to its compression.
Ax IMPROVEMENT IN THE Manufacture of CONFECTIONERY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oliver Rice Chase at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1866. A communication from abroad by Lewson Everard Chase, of
Charlestown, in the State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, OLIVER RICE CHASE, of Roxbury, Massachusetts, United States of
Ameriea, but now residing at Montague Street, Russell Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
IMPROVEMENT IN THE Manufacture of CONFECTIONERY," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is, first, to supply a demand that has long
existed for a certain class of confectionery, viz., a lozenge or "confectioner's
pipe," which while it retained all the flavor and nutritive qualities of the
ordinary or "hard" lozenge shall be more readily soluble and at the same
time maintain its normal or soluble character when exposed to the action of
heat or atmospheric influence; second, to prevent that dryness and induration
of other kinds of confectionery which result from the evaporation of the more
volatile parts thereof.
The Invention has reference not only to what is termed "dry" confectionery,
such as lozenges and confectioner's pipe, but is equally applicable to most if
not all kinds of what is known in commerce as "boiled" confectionery, such
as "sweet" chocolate, gum drops, and confectioner's paste. To make the
"creamellow" or "soft" lozenge or "pipe" the ingredients usually employed
in making the ordinary "hard" lozenge or "pipe" are combined with

page_text: glycerine, say, in the following proportions, viz., to one hundred pounds of
the gum and sugar properly prepared and combined with the essential oil
used to flavour the same, add five pounds (avoirdupois) of pure glycerine;
after thoroughly incorporating the whole together the manufacture is pro-
ceeded with in the usual manner. The amount or proportion of the glycerine
to be used will vary according to the consistency which it is desired that the
lozenge or article should have.
In manufacturing what is termed "boiled" confectionery, such as "sweet"
chocolate, "gum goods," confectioner's paste, and various other articles of
like nature, to one hundred pounds of the ingredients ordinarily used in making
the same about two pounds (avoirdupois) of glycerine are added and
thoroughly mixed; the whole is then manipulated in the usual manner.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING AND SAVING LIFE AND PROPERTY AT SEA IN CASE OF SHIPWRECK
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Constante Aggio, Francesco Cotti,
and Natale Ferrario at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th May 1866.
We, CONSTANTE AGGIO, of St. John's Wood Grove, Decorative Artist,
FRANCESCO COTTI, of Church Street, Edgware Road, Decorative Artist, and
NATALE FERRARIO, Confectioner, of Holborn Hill, all in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING AND SAVING LIFE AND PROPERTY AT SEA
IN CASE OF SHIPWRECK," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object certain means and appliances for the
preservation of life and property at sea in case of shipwreck. For this
purpose according to one part of our Invention we employ a cask or vessel of
similar construction, by preference about six feet six inches long by about three
feet diameter, and furnished with a man hole or entrance capable of being
closed from the interior by a door so as to be perfectly water-tight. Light
is admitted to the interior of the cask or vessel by one or more stout circular
glasses protected by metal bars or gratings. The cask or vessel is weighted
on one side or at the bottom with suitable fixed ballast weights to maintain
the cask or vessel in one position and cause it to float with one side constantly
upwards. A frame is suspended on centres in the interior to support a
cushion for the occupant to recline upon, the frame being mounted so as to
adapt itself to the movement of the cask or vessel. Two, three, or more
elastic tubes are affixed to the upper part of the vessel to admit air for

page_text: ventilation, these tubes are distended by springs and are bent over to prevent
the admission of water. Other tubes or valves are applied to apertures in the
upper part of the vessel to enable the occupant to make signals with a
marine horn or otherwise, to hoist a flag or sail, or for other purposes as
required, the india-rubber tube or valve being formed so as to close tightly
upon or against anything projected through such apertures to keep them
water-tight when anything is projected through the same, Suitable arrange-
ments are made in the interior for the preservation of food, the comfort and
convenience of the occupant, and for the stowage of valuable property, a force
pump and other apparatus being also arranged therein. Rings and ropes are
applied to the exterior by which the cask or vessel can be hauled on board
a vessel when observed, and when cast ashore the occupant can readily
remove the entrance door and thus escape. Hinged flaps or wing pieces
may be applied to the exterior sides to aid in maintaining the cask or vessel
upon an equilibrium when afloat. In place of the vessel or apparatus being
made in the form of a cask it may for convenience of stowage be formed in
two or more parts capable of being connected and bolted together with water-
tight joints when required for use in case of danger when at sea.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHES FOR POLISHING PAPER PREPARED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPERHANGINGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Higginbottom at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1866.
I, JOHN HIGGINBOTTON, Paper Hanging Manufacturer, of the Heywood,
Higginbottom, Smith, and Company, Limited, Paper Staining Works, Hyde
Road, in the City of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHES FOR POLISHING
PAPER PREPARED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPERHANGINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly applicable in polishing paper which is to be
manufactured into the paperhangings commonly called satins. It has hereto-
fore been customary to polish the paper after it has been grounded in the
ordinary manner, by means of revolving cylindrical brushes covered with
bristles acting on the paper while it is passing over a flat surface; these
brushes are expensive and soon wear away unevenly, thereby producing
irregular work. Now, my Invention consists in substituting metal wires or
wire cards for the bristles bitherto employed in the manufacture of such
brushes. The wire cards may be made of steel, iron, or other suitable metal
possessing the requisite hardness and elasticity, and they are set in a woollen
cloth or other elastic back in the same manner as the wire cards now
employed in cotton machinery; or fine wires may be set in a rigid back as in
brushes made of bristles.
My improved brushes are less expensive than the ordinary ones, and they
are much more durable; their action on the surface of the paper is also

page_text: perfectly even, and consequently the work produced is regular. When bristle
brushes are employed it is requisite in order to obtain the desired polish to
submit the paper to the action of several brushes in succession, but a single
wire brush of my improved construction will produce a more even surface than
several bristle brushes.
THE IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COVERLETS, RUGS, QUILTS OR COVERS FOR BEDS, & CERTAIN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, & AS A STUFFING FOR CUSHIONS AND PILLOWS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Huxley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1866.
I, EDWARD HUXLEY, of 12, Old Cavendish Street, Cavendish Square,
Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COVERLETS, RUGS, QUILTS OR
COVERS FOR BEDS, & CERTAIN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, & AS A STUFFING FOR
CUSHIONS AND PILLOWS," to be as follows:-
In the use of a new material commonly called moc-main or silk cotton, by
enclosing a layer or layers of this substance between outer coverings of any
suitable woven fabric or fabrics, & in some cases by uniting the whole into
sheets or pieces by stitching or or sewing in the manner known as quilting, a
new combination of materials being thus produced, possessing the essential
qualities of warmth & lightness, with the capability of being manufactured
at an extremely small cost, thereby greatly enhancing its value in the manu-
facture of coverlets, rugs, quilts, wrappers, ladies' under clothing, stuffing or
padding, & other articles of bed furniture, upholstery, or wearing apparel
of similar application, the novelty of the Invention being the application of
the moc-main or silk cotton to the purposes above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE VENTILATION OF ROOMS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Holden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1866.
I, EDWARD HOLDEN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Wool Comber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE VENTILATION OF ROOMS AND OTHER
PLACES," to be as follows:-
The object of my improvements is to obtain a constant change of air in
rooms or other places. For this purpose I apply to the upper part of such
rooms or other places, and so as to communicate with the external atmosphere,
tubes placed vertically one within and concentric to the other; and I take
care that the area of the inner tube is considerably greater than the area of
the annular space left between that inner tube and the outer one, by which
means change of air is obtained without the inconvenience of a downward
draft.
The relation of 22 inches internal diameter of the inner tube to 27 inches
internal diameter of the outer tube I find to answer well, but this may be
varied. The shape or form of these double tubes may be varied. Tubes or
passages from different rooms may be conducted to the inner of the tubes
above referred to, to obtain outward currents from such rooms and other
places.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LIFTING JACKS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bruckshaw Simon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1866. A communication from abroad by Augustus Bryant
Childs, of Rochester, in the State of New York, and United States of
America.
I, SAMUEL BRUCKSHAW SIMON, of Castle Street, Falcon Square, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LIFTING JACKS," (a communication to me from abroad by Augustus
Bryant Childs, of Rochester, in the State of New York, and United States
of America,) to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in lifting jacks; for this
purpose a rod or bar of a cruciform or other suitable section is employed, the
upper end of which is of a form suitable to carry the load required; the lower
end of this rod or bar is guided in its motion by suitable guides formed in
the standard or frame of the jack. The rod or bar also passes through a
metal loop having a hole therein of a form similar to that of the rod or bar,
but of a somewhat larger size, in such manner that the rod or bar may be
freely drawn through it for adjustment when the loop is at right angles
or thereabouts to the bar, but when the loop is allowed to fall into an
inclined position it grips the rod or bar in the manner of a "friction brace,"

page_text: and effectually holds the rod or bar at the height required. The loop referred
to is pinjointed to a bever arm, which is also pinjointed to a link working in
the frame or standard of the jack in such manner that when the rod or bar is
adjusted to the height required to come close to the under side of the load and
the lever handle is depressed, the load will be raised a short distance and
there held as required.
THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN SPIRITUOUS COMPOUNDS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jordan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1866.
I, JOHN JORDAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF
CERTAIN SPIRITUOUS COMPOUNDS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the use of certain spirituous compounds for the
production of steam or vapor in steam boilers as a substitute for water as
now commonly used, and I prefer to use alcohol, ether, pyroxylic spirit, or
naphtha, or methylated spirit, having found by actual experiment that the
best results may be obtained with these spirits, and that they may be used
either singly or in combination as preferred. The spirit may be evaporated
in boilers and used in engines of the ordinary construction furnished with
surface condensers, but to fully realize the economical results of this Invention
I prefer to evaporate the spirit in a suitably constructed vaporizer heated by
aqueous vapor at a high temperature produced in a boiler having a continuous
circulation of the water contained therein, and the spirit vapor is conducted
from the vaporizer to an aqueous steam jacketed cylinder or cylinders through

page_text: aqucous steam jacketed pipes, and the spirit vapor on its exit from the engine
cylinder is conducted into a suitably constructed surface condenser, where it is
condensed into its liquid form, and thence reconducted to the vaporizer, and so
on continuously.
By the use of this Invention the difficulties and dangers incidental to ordinary
boilers, arising from deposit, incrustation, overheating of the plates, and
explosion are entirely obviated, and considerable economy over the ordinary
mode is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR REGULATING FEED, SUCTION, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jenkin Jones Ingram and George
Richard Phillips at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th June 1866.
We, JENKIN JONES INGRAM and GEORGE RICHARD PHILLIPS, both of the
Stuckton Iron Works, Fordingbridge, in the County of Hants, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
FOR REGULATING FEED, SUCTION, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates especially to valves for the feed pumps of steam
engines, but it is also applicable to other purposes in which regulating valves
or cocks are used. And our Invention consists in the use of a valve com-
posed of a disc of india-rubber, leather, or other suitable elastic material fixed
in the centre to a seat formed in the aperture leading from the suction pipe,
such disc of elastic material being combined with a moveable guard or stop
for regulating the extent to which the valve is capable of opening for the
passage of water or other fluid from the suction pipe. The scat for the valve
is or may be formed by a bar across the aperture with a boss in the centre of
the bar to receive the screw stud or pin by means of which the disc is to bo
fixed to the seat. The disc when fixed in the seat has its outer part or edgo
resting on a part of the valve box in which the passages for water or other
fluid are cast or otherwise formed. The guard or stop is a kind of inverted
cup fixed on the end of a vertical screw inserted
and working through a stuffing box therein.
worked downwards by the screw its outer part or
in the top of the valve box,
When this inverted cup is
edge is or may be brought

page_text: into contact with the outer part or edge of the valve disc, or the same effect
will be produced by the rising of that part of the disc which is pressed upwards
by the water or other fluid on its passage from the suction pipe. By means
of the moveable guard or stop thus referred to the extent to which the disc is
allowed to rise and the consequent action of the valve may be regulated as
required, or the disc may be kept down and the valve closed; there are
apertures in the inverted cup to allow the water to press on all parts of the
disc or valve at the return stroke of the plunger of the pump, and at the
same time to prevent undue pressure on the upper surface of the inverted cup
or stop. In some cases the valve may be used without a guard or stop. The
valve may be readily repaired by removing a worn-out disc from the seat, and
fixing a new one thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC PRINTING APPARATUS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christine Temple Bowdoin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1866.-A communication from abroad by Gaetano Bonelli, of
Florence, in the Kingdom of Italy.
I, CHRISTINE TEMPLE BOWDOIN, of Florence, in the Kingdom of Italy, but
at present residing at Bryanston Square, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TELEGRAPHIC PRINTING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of apparatus for transmitting
through one lino wire currents of electricity which will produce a printed
message at the receiving end of the line the counterpart of a message set up
in type at the transmitting station. The line wire is intercepted by an electric
battery, and each end is connected with a wheel mounted vertically and to
which synchronous rotary motion is given by any suitable clockwork. These
wheels are similarly provided with five arms set equidistant from each other,
but in different planes, the total lateral distance apart of the outside pins being
about equal to the height of the largest type to be copied. Under the wheel
which is in connection with the positive pole a piece of chemically prepared
papor is caused to travel. This paper is laid upon a plate of metal in electric
connection with the earth, and under the arms of the wheel at the transmitting
station which is in connection with the negative pole is placed the type

page_text: composing the despatch to be transmitted. This type is in electric connection
with the earth, and it receives a traverse motion under the wheel so as to
bring the several letters composing the message into contact with the arms of
the rotating wheel. The passage of a current affecting an electro-magnet at
each station releases the two wheels, which start and move together. As the
five arms at the transmitting station severally come in contact with their
respective parts of the types as the composed message is traversed under the
wheel they will each transmit a current as they touch the relief of the
characters, and these currents passing from the arms of the other wheel and
through the prepared paper before mentioned to the earth will severally leave
a dark coloured mark. Thus. the tops of the letters are all marked first, then
the part immediately under that, then the centre, and lastly the bottoms of
the letters; the five points need not necessarily be fixed to the arms of a
wheel, but may be arranged in any manner which will enable them to pass
one after another over the type in lines ono above another. In order that the
tout ensemble of these marks should represent a fac simile of the message set
up in type it is necessary that the composed message and the chemically
prepared paper should travel with the same speed, and this being ensured
printed messages may be produced with rapidity at distant stations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ECONOMIZING THE HEAT OF GAS PRODUCERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1866.
I, WILLIAM CLAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ECONOMIZING THE HEAT OF GAS PRODUCERS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to economize the heat given off by the
gas producers used in producing the gaseous fuel for Siemen's regenerative
furnaces, Patents, 27th Jany. 1857, No. 2861; 22nd Jany. 1861, No.
167; 18th April 1864, No. 972; 3rd Dec. 1864, No. 3018. Hitherto
these gas producers have been built of brick in the form of single or
double kilns, and all the heat generated within the kilns in effecting the
distillation of the coal has been lost in radiation. In order to utilize this
heat I propose to form the double or single kiln of iron with a water-tight
jacket all round and at the top thereof. The fire-bars I prefer to make
tubular, and connect them with the water spaces at the opposite sides of
the kiln. In the top part of the water space I form a steam chamber and
lead off the steam therefrom to wherever it may be required. The hoppers

page_text: in the top of the kiln pass through the water space, and the pipe for leading
off the gas generated in the kiln may, if thought desirable, have a water
jacket extending upwards to any required distance. By this arrangement
a considerable amount of steam may be produced without detrimentally
affecting the distilling operation.
IMPROVED SELF-ACTING JIGGERS, LATHES, AND WHEELS FOR POTTERS' USE, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Holdcroft and Josiah
Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th January 1866.
We, WILLIAM HOLDCROFT and JOSIAH WOOD, of the George Street Pottery,
Tunstall, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED SELF-ACTING JIGGERS, LATHES, AND
WHEELS FOR POTTERS' USE, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in rendering jiggers, lathes, and wheels for potters'
use and other purposes self-acting, by connecting them to a train of spur
wheels similar to ordinary clockwork, and driven by weights or springs, or
by hydraulic pressure. The power and speed of the said jiggers, lathes, and
wheels are to be controlled by means of a friction wheel acting in a similar
manner to those used in jiggers, lathes, and wheels driven by steam. The
weights or springs may be wound up from time to time by hand or otherwise,
as required, so as to be always available for use in driving the jiggers, lathes,
or wheels, and the hydraulic pressure may be maintained either by the
natural flow of water from a source above the place where the pressure is
utilized, or the water may be raised into a reservoir or cistern by pumping, or
other known mechanical means.