IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES, ALSO IN APPA- RATUS TO BE USED FOR THESE PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Young, of No. 33, Blanford Square, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES, ALSO IN APPA-
RATUS TO BE USED FOR THESE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 13th August 1872, and dated the 24th June 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Young at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th June 1872.
I, WILLIAM YOUNG, of No. 33, Blanford Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES, ALSO IN
Apparatus to be used for these Purposes,” to be as follows:-
My improvements relate firstly to the construction of machines to be
used for the purpose of making impressions of letters, characters, or
figures on various materials such as paper or cognate substances, on
metals in their normal state or when alloyed, but otherwise when made
A

page_text: into plates, cylinders, or other suitable forms, and on gutta percna or
other plastic materials.
"
The impressions I allude to will be effected with the aid of carbonised
paper or ink, or simply by the type I intend using, acting as dyes or
punches so as to impress the letters or characters on the material on
which they are stamped or pressed in relief or "intaglio."
In both the latter cases the letters or characters, &c., so impressed may
be used for stereotyping, or when simply in relief they may at once be
used in printing presses in the ordinary way, provided the material on
which they are in relief is sufficiently hard to admit of such a treatment.
The object of my Invention is, firstly, to effect by means of a mechanism
provided with keys similar to those of a pianoforte and other musical
instruments, a result similar to that termed writing, and thus dispense
with the use of pens, pencils, and other writing implements, and, secondly,
by the same means to dispense with the use of printers' type or founts of
type in the process of type composition and printing.
The way I propose to effect this twofold purpose will with a slight
exception in detail be the same, the machines for each purpose
differing only in size but not much in mechanism; a single description
will therefore suffice to explain both; it is as follows:-I
propose to
construct a cylinder attached to a spindle or axis placed horizontally in
bearings; I do not however confine myself to this horizontal position as
a perpendicular or other position may answer the purpose I have in
view also, but I prefer the horizontal position at present. To the axis of
the cylinder I attach a wheel to which I intend to apply any suitable
motive power to cause it to rotate continuously in one direction, though
capable of being stopped at intervals. I place alongside the cylinder
that is parallel to its axis a number of keys, the number of which will
be determined by the number of letters or characters, &c., that is to be
used in the machine. I further place what may be called type rods
within the circumference of the cylinder parallel to its length and
capable of being moved along it with a short to-and-fro movement.
The one extremity of each rod will be adapted to receive a type or die
which will be securely fixed to it or may be made removable at pleasure
so as to admit of its being replaced by any other type or die. The other
and opposite extremity of each of these rods will be used for receiving
the blow or pressure that is to force or push each type or die against the

page_text: surface of the material where the letter or character it bears is to be
impressed. The diameter of the cylinder will be determined by the
number of type rods to be used in any particular machine. Now it will
be evident that when the cylinder is made to rotate that each type or
die in the circle they thereby describe will pass in succession before any
particular spot of any plane placed parallel to their surfaces, and this
particular spot being chosen, cach type or die may on the cylinder being
stopped be caused to make an impression on that spot by receiving a blow
or pressure on the other extremity of its rod. Now this action of
stopping the rotation of the cylinder I propose to effect by depressing
the key corresponding to the letter or character which has to be
impressed, for each type rod has a corresponding key bearing its particular
letter or character, and each key has a corresponding stop on the surface
of the cylinder, cach stop on the cylinder may be made of a projection
on or a cavity in the cylinder. The length of the cylinder will be
determined therefore by the number of the stops, for each stop moves in
a separate circular plane, and all the stops together will form a kind of
spiral round the circumference of the cylinder.
Although I speak of using a cylinder I need not necessarily confine
myself to such a form exclusively, as a series of discs placed side by side
would answer the same purpose; I may also construct that particular
part of the mechanism simply of two discs, representing as it were the
two exterior planes of a cylinder, as described above, with an axis con-
necting them, and if necessary, two or more tie rods to strengthen their
connection. The stops would in that case be represented by arms or
radii proceeding from the axis.
The means I propose to adopt for causing the cylinder or type rods to
rotate round the axis would be various, such as by hand, by treadle, by
clockwork, steam, or other power.
I propose that anterior to any key, by its being struck, coming into
contact with the stops described above, that it should by means of
projections or other arrangement come into contact or actuate a bar
which, directly or by intermediate levers, would act on the driving bands
or pulleys so as to throw them out of gear, and thus facilitate the
subsequent stopping of the cylinder or revolving type rods. This stoppage
may further be promoted if required by the use of a break worked by a

page_text: I further propose that when the driving bands or pulleys are thrown
out of gear, that the motive power should then be applied to produce the
rotation of a cam or other mechanism, to propel a bolt moving in a slide
or groove in order to press or push it against. the type rod that is required
to make the impression; to aid this action I may use a fly wheel. The
return of this bolt or similar mechanism as a screw hammer to its original
position will be effected by means of a spring or weight.
The apparatus against which the letters or characters are to be im-
pressed will consist either of a framework arranged to hold the particular
material employed or a cylinder adapted for the same purpose. In the
former case or that of a framework, it would move in a slide groove in a
lateral direction-in order to receive the impression of each letter or
character in a line, the framework before each impression being moved
the necessary distance, according to the letter or character to be printed,
and the regulation of the distance moved by the framework may be
controlled by the finger keys.
The movement of the frame may be effected in two or more ways;
one by the action of a key in connection with a ratchet and wheel motion
or other suitable arrangement, or by the return motion of the bolt also
working in connection with a ratchet and whcel motion or other suitable
arrangement. These methods would be applicable for the regulated
intervals between each of the letters or characters, but for the intervals
between words and sentences I propose using separate keys or hand or
foot levers, and either of these might also be used for the intervals
between each letter. As soon as each line is completed I propose that
the framework should be drawn back to its original position by a self-
acting weight, spring, or other means, and then be raised by means of a
lever sufficiently high to admit of its receiving the impressions for the
next line.
In the case where I use a cylindrical surface to receive the impressions
it would of course simply revolve in the same plane in order to receive
the impressions of any single line, its rotation being effected in a similar
way to the motion of the framework described, and on the completion
of each revolution it would be raised by a lever sufficiently to receive
the impressions for a subsequent line.
Whenever the impressions to be made are to be effected by means of
ink, I attach an inking roller working loosely on a spindle in front of

page_text: the type rods, against which their surfaces will rub as they pass in
rotation.
In order to increase when necessary the number of impressions of each
letter or character as required, I propose placing several type rods onc
above the other on the same radius, each one representing the same
letter or character, &c. These could then be all acted on simultaneously,
and in this manner several lines containing the same impressions would
be made at the same time, and these being afterwards separated into
strips could be stereotyped or printed from simultaneously.
Further, instead of having letters of the same character one above the
other I might have different sorts of the same letter; one machine might
in that case represent as many sorts of letters as there are now different
founts of type, in which case no change of the types would be required;
or I might have different letters one above the other, but that would
necessarily require different rows of keys placed one above the other;
I therefore in these machines do not confine myself to the use of a single
row of keys only.
I have described the type rods as having the types or dies on their
ends permanently fixed or merely temporarily secured so as to be re-
movable at pleasure, but I propose in addition, to construct a disc to
which alone the types or dies would be attached in a similar way, as the
keys of a concertina are secured to its discs; each type would act in a
slot in such a disc and have a separate spring to bring it back to its
original position after being struck.
A number of discs, each having different forms of letters, might then
be attached in succession, as required, to the same machine in such a
way that the same letter would always be placed in front of the type
rod representing that letter and be actuated by it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th December 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
YOUNG, of No. 33, Blanford Square, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Young, Her special license that
I, the said William Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Young, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING,
AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES, ALSO IN APPARATUS TO BE USED
FOR THESE PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Young, my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe, and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Young, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My improvements relate, firstly, to the construction of machines to be
used for the purpose of making impressions of letters, characters, or
figures on various materials, such as paper or cognate substances on
metals in their normal state or when alloyed, but otherwise when made
into plates, cylinders, or other suitable forms, and on gutta percha or
other plastic materials.
The impressions I allude to will be effected with the aid of carbonized
paper, or ink, or simply by the type I intend using acting as dies or
punches, so as to impress the letters or characters on the material on
which they are stamped or pressed in relief or "intaglio."
In both the latter cases the letters or characters &c. so impressed
may be used for stereotyping, or when simply in relief they may at once
be used in printing presses in the ordinary way, provided the material on

page_text: which they are in relief is sufficiently hard to admit of such a treatment,
or they may be used as printed surfaces for the use of the blind.
The object of my Invention is, firstly, to effect by means of a
mechanism provided with keys similar to those of a pianoforte and other
musical instruments a result similar to that termed writing, and thus
dispense with the use of pens, pencils, and other writing implements,
and, secondly, by the same means to dispense with the use of printers'
type or founts of type in the process of type composition and printing.
The way I propose to effect this two-fold purpose will with a slight
exception in detail be the same, the machines for each purpose
differing only in size but not much in mechanism; a single description
will therefore suffice to explain both; it is as follows:-I propose to
construct a cylinder attached to a spindle or axis placed horizontally in
bearings; I do not however confine myself to this horizontal position,
as a perpendicular or other position may answer the purpose I have in
view also, but I prefer the horizontal position at present. To the axis of
the cylinder I attach a wheel to which I intend to apply any suitable
motive power to cause it to rotate continuously in one direction, though
capable of being stopped at intervals. I place alongside the cylinder
that is parallel to its axis a number of keys, the number of which will be
determined by the number of letters or characters that is to be used in
the machine. I further place what may be called type rods within the
circumference of the cylinder parallel to its length and capable of being
moved along it with a short to-and-fro movement. The one extremity of
each rod will be adapted to receive a type or die which will be securely
fixed to it, or may be made removable at pleasure so as to admit of
its being replaced by any other type or die. The other and opposite
extremity of each of these rods will be used for receiving the blow or
pressure that is to force or push each type or die against the surface of
the material where the letter or character it bears is to be impressed.
The diameter of the cylinder will be determined by the number of type
rods to be used in any particular machine. Now it will be evident that
when the cylinder is made to rotate that cach type or die in the circle
they thereby describe will pass in succession before any particular spot
of any plane placed parallel to their surfaces, and this particular spot
being chosen cach type or die may on the cylinder being stopped be
caused to make an impression on that spot by receiving a blow or
pressure on the other extremity of its rod. Now this action of stopping

page_text: the rotation of the cylinder I propose to effect by depressing the key
corresponding to the letter or character which has to be impressed, for
each type rod has a corresponding key bearing its particular letter or
character, and each key has a corresponding stop on the surface of the
cylinder. Each stop on the cylinder may be made of a projection on or
a cavity in the cylinder. The length of the cylinder will be determined
therefore by the number of the stops, for each stop moves in a separate
circular plane, and all the stops together will form a kind of spiral
round the circumference of the cylinder.
Although I speak of using a cylinder I need not necessarily confine
myself to such a form exclusively, as a series of discs placed side by side
would answer the same purpose. I may also construct that particular
part of the mechanism simply of two discs, representing as it were the
two exterior planes of a cylinder as described above, with an axis
connecting them, and if necessary two or more tie rods to strengthen
their connection. The stops would in that case be represented by arms
or radii proceeding from the axis.
The means I propose to adopt for causing the cylinder or type rods
to rotate round the axis would be various, such as by hand, by treadle,
by clockwork, steam, or other power.
I propose that anterior to any key by its being struck coming into
contact with the stops described above, that it should by means of pro-
ctions or other arrangement come into contact or actuate a bar, which
directly or by intermediate levers would act on the driving bands or
pulleys so as to throw them out of gear, and thus facilitate the subsequent
stopping of the cylinder or revolving type rods. This stoppage may
further be promoted if required by the use of a break worked by a hand
or foot lever or key.
I further propose that when the driving bands or pulleys are thrown
out of gear that the motive power should then be applied to produce the
rotation of a cam or other mechanism to propel a bolt moving in a slide
or groove in order to press or push it against the type rod that is required
to make the impression. To aid this action I may use a fly wheel. The
return of this bolt or similar mechanism, as a screw or hammer, to its
original position will be effected by means of a spring or weight.
The apparatus against which the letters or characters are to be im-
pressed will consist either of a framework arranged to hold the particular

page_text: material employed, or a cylinder adapted for the same purpose. In the
former case or that of a framework it would move in a slide groove in a
lateral direction in order to receive the impression of each letter or
character in a linc. The framework before each impression being
moved the necessary distance according to the letter or character to be
printed, and the regulation of the distance moved by the framework,
may be controlled by the finger keys.
The movement of the framework may be effected in two or more
ways. One by the action of a key in connection with a ratchet and
wheel motion or other suitable arrangement, or by the return motion of
the bolt also working in connection with a ratchet and wheel motion or
other suitable arrangement. These methods would be applicable for the
regulated intervals between each of the letters or characters, but for the
intervals between words and sentences I propose using separate kcys
or hand or foot levers, and either of these might also be used for the
intervals between each letter. As soon as each linc is completed I
propose that the framework should be drawn back to its original position
by a self-acting weight, spring, or other means, and then be raised by
means of a lever sufficiently high to admit of its receiving the im-
pressions for the next line.
In the case where I use a cylindrical surface to receive the impressions
it would of course simply move in the same plane in order to receive the
impressions of any single line, its rotation being effected in a similar
way to the motion of the framework described, and on the completion of
each revolution it would be raised by a lever sufficiently to receive the
impressions for a subsequent line.
Whenever the impressions to be made are to be effected by means of
ink I attach an inking roller working loosely on a spindle in front of the
type rods, against which their surfaces will rub as they pass in rotation.
I however prefer to employ for this purpose electrical apparatus, as
herein-after described.
In order to increase when necessary the number of impressions of
cach letter or character as required I propose placing several type rods
one above the other on the same radius, cach one representing the same
letter or character. These could then be all acted on simultaneously, and
in this manner several lines containing the same impressions would be

page_text: made at the same time, and these being afterwards separated into strips
could be stereotyped or printed from simultaneously.
Further, instead of having letters of the same character one above the
other I might have different sorts of the same letter; one machine
might in that case represent as many sorts of letters as there are now
different founts of type, in which case no change of the types would be
required; or I might have different letters onc above the other, but
that would necessarily require different rows of keys placed one above
the other, I therefore in these machines do not confine myself to the usc
of a single row of keys only.
I have described the type rods as having the types or dies on their
ends permanently fixed, or merely temporarily secured so as to be
removable at pleasure, but I propose, in addition, to construct a disc to
which alone the types or dies would be attached in a similar way, as the
keys of a concertina are secured to its discs. Each type would act in
a slot in such a disc, and have a separate spring to bring it back to its
original position after being struck.
A number of discs, each having different forms of letters, might then
be attached in succession, as required, to the same machine in such a way
that the same letter would always be placed in front of the type rod
representing that letter and be actuated by it.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe more fully the manner in which the same may be carried into
effect, and for this purpose I have in the Drawings licreunto annexed
shewn various views of a machine suitably constructed to work in the
manner above described.

page_text: for moving the sheet to be printed on in a rectilinear manner.
Figures 13 and 14 show one of the notes on an enlarged scale.
Figure 15, the form of note used for the spaces.
Figure 16, Sheet 4, shews an alternate motion for actuating the pusher
bar by means of a screw.
Figures 17 and 18, a self-acting arrangement for giving reciprocal
motion to the roller which carries the sheet to be printed on.
Through this clutch motion is
cylindrical surface a series of
Figures 19, 20, and 21, show a modified construction of the machine.
The parts of the machine are carried and mounted on a table a, shewn
in Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet 1), Figures 3, 4, and 5, (Sheet 2,) and Figure 6
(Sheet 3) supported on four columns a¹, a¹, a¹, and a', which are con-
nected at their bases by the sole plate a² on the latter, a treadle a³
pivoted at one end on the screws at and a*, and connected at the other end
by the rod a to the crank shaft aº, thus communicating rotatory motion
to the latter in the usual way. The crank shaft a' is supported by two
carriages a' and a', which are bolted to the underneath side of the
table a.
On this shaft a fly wheel a³ and a driving rigger a³ are fixed,
from the lattor of which the requisite motion is communicated by the
strap a to the rigger b on the clutch b.
given to the cylinder c, which has on its
projecting pins or stops c¹, c², c¹³, (placed in a spiral curve) and passing
through its entire length; and placed parallel to its axis are a number of
rods c, c, c, with type fixed at one end to make an impression or print,
the character or signs they bear on the sheet which is wound on the
roller d, the latter being carried in the sliding frame d'. The friction
clutch is kept in gear with the cylinder c by the pressure of the
spring e acting on the forked lever e', except when driven in the contrary
direction by the player depressing the button on the note f. The fork
lever e¹ is connected by the rod to the bell-crank lever e³, and the
latter by the rod e' through the lever e³ to the spindle e, the centre and
ends of which spindle are supported by the carriages e², e', and e². The
spindle has two arms es and e³ fixed on it to carry the dropping bar e³.
This bar runs under all the notes or finger keys, and rises through a slot

page_text: in the table till its upper edge is level with the latter by the action of
the spring e communicated through the levers and rods before described.
On the player depressing the note f by the pressure of the finger on the
button the lower sliding portion f¹ of the note is raised to such a
position that the stop on the cylinder answering to such note in its
revolution with the cylinder c comes in contact with the projecting
lugf of the lower parts f¹ of the note, and carries it along with it until
brought to a stand by the lug f' coming in contact with the upper or
pivoted portion of the note f. By this time the projection f* of the lower
sliding parts of the note f has arrived fairly over the dropping bar e³,
and as the player still gives a downward pressure to the note the latter
is still further depressed, and by the action through the train of levers
and rods before described, throws the clutch b' out of gear with the
cylinder c, and at the same time by means of the lever carried by the
projecting arm g' of the pusher carriage g³ propels the pusher 9³ against
the end of the type rod c*, the former carrying the latter with it until the
type end of the rod has reached the sheet to be printed on. The pusher is
so constructed that the front cylindrical portion of it can slide in the
other portion g³ in a telescopic manner, and a spring g' is placed between
them so adjusted as to be depressed under an excess of stroke of the
pusher g, but not to give under the necessary pressure to produce a
proper impression on the sheet printed upon. This movement of the
cylindrical portion g* in the pusher g³ is restrained within proper limits
by the stop pins 9. The cylinder c runs loose on the shaft b³ carried
by the two pedestals 6* and b* except when locked to it by the clutch b'.
On the lower side of the sliding portion f¹ of the note f there is a
lug fso placed as to come in contact, in the latter part of its move-
ment, with a bar / carried by the two bell-crank levers ' and h¹, fixed
on the spindle h², the latter being carried by the two small carriages h³.
From the lower arm of each of the crank levers h' and h¹ there is a
rod which passes through the table a, and has on its upper end
a break . This break by the action of the lug f against the bar h,
and by the lever action above described, is brought into contact with
the cylinder c, and checks any tendency to recoil on the part of the
latter.
On the end of the lower sliding portion of the note there is a small
screw ƒ³, which on the note being depressed rises and comes in contact
with the bar i, the latter being carried by two levers ¹ and ¹ which

page_text: arc loose on the spindle . On the side of each of these levers there
is
pawl acting upon the fine-toothed rachet wheels, these latter
being fixed on the spindle b² communicate, by the falling of the bar i,
an intermitted rotation to the spindle, and through the bevel wheels 1³,
j, and k, and pinion ¹ working into the rack to the sliding frame d',
to which the rack 2 is attached.
As the types are of various thickness the moving of the sliding
frame d¹ must vary with each type. This variable movement is
obtained by raising or lowering each screw fe at the end of the sliding
portion of cach note f to suit the particular type answering to each
note, so that the screw in the case of thin type has to perform some
part of its upward movement before it comes in contact with the
bar, thus communicating only a part of its movement to the latter,
and so on in like manner to the sliding frame d¹.
On the completion of a line of printing the operator pulls the knob j³,
and by releasing the bevil wheel ; from its connection with the sliding
frame allows the weight hung on the line k' (which has been
gradually wound up during the printing of the last line) to descend by
its gravity, and by so doing to restore the sliding frame d' to the proper
position for receiving the next line of printing.
The rotating movement of the rollers d, which carrying the sheet
to be printed on, is obtained in the following manner:-A square
spindle runs through the centre of the rollers d, having its journals
supported at each end in the carriages and ³, and near one end
of the square spindle and keyed on the same is the rachet wheel d',
this wheel is acted upon by the pawl in the descent of the upright
rod do, the latter receiving its downward motion by the forward action
of the incline on the small friction roller d' (carried by the stud in
the side of the rod d), this rod d is raised after each descent by the
spring.d when the operator is pulling the knob.
The width of the lines can be varied by raising or lowering the set
screw which supports one end of the incline *.
The rachet wheels and are both provided with retaining pawls **
to prevent any slip.
The printing by means of electro-magnetism is done in the following
manner :—The roller on which the paper is placed is made of zinc. Two

page_text: magnets are fixed near it, then the ends of the wire of the north pole of
one and the south pole of the other are attached to this roller. Next the
south pole of the first and the north pole of the last mentioned magnet
terminate in two copper plates supported on insulated bearings close to
each other but not in contact. The paper is prepared by being wetted
with an acid solution such as ferro prussiate of potash for instance;
now therefore, when the copper point of the type rod whilst being
propelled against the paper passes between and comes in contact with the
copper plates above mentioned, the electrical circuit is thereby completed
and the character on the point of the type rod will be imprinted on the
prepared paper. This method is applicable to a flat surface also.
A continuous supply of paper is fed to the roller d from the lower
roller ď, and on its passage thereto is damped by contact with the
roller do, which has its lower side running in a trough containing a
solution for instance of prussiate of potash, to which a little nitric and
hydrochloric acid have been added.
Figure 7 is an enlarged view of one of the type rods partly in section
to shew more fully the manner of connection between the type and the
rod with the non-conducting ferrule c³ between them. The type rod is
provided with a spiral spring c', which passes between the button c, at
the end of the rod, and the cylinder c, as shewn, to return the rods to
their normal position after the pusher ³ has retired. There is a collar co
on the other end of the rod to prevent the before mentioned spring c*
from drawing back the rod too far.
Figures 8 and 9 show an enlarged view of the connector 1, and the
standard for carrying them; the latter is forked at the top, and has a
non-conducting material and between the standard and the
connectors and P. The action of the spring & in the connector is kept
within the required limits by the small pin or stud 7.
In some cases it may be found convenient to dispense with the use of
magnets for printing. In such a case the paper may be prepared by
being wetted with a solution of nitrate of silver or other metallic salt,
and the copper type on being pressed against it will leave an impression
of its particular sign or character on it.
Figures 10, 11, and 12 shew an alternate arrangement for moving the
sheet in a rectilinear manner when the sheet to be printed on is preferred
to be placed upon a flat surface instead of wound round a cylinder.

page_text: 10e intermitted motion of the square snait a“ is communicated to the
sliding plate m on which is fixed the shect to be printed on by the tooth
wheel m¹ working into the rack m² on the back of the plate m, as shewn.
An incline m³ is placed on the back of the plate m which on the plate
rising beyond the desired limit (through any neglect on the part of the
operator) comes in contact with one of the prongs of the fork lever m³,
and striking it drives the clutch m³ out of gear with the tooth wheel m²,
and as the latter runs loose on its spindle brings the sliding plate m to
rest.
Figure 13 and 14 show an enlarged view of a note in its normal
position before it is raised to meet its stop.
It will be seen that the upper part of the note has a vibrating motion
on the pivot, while the lower portion of the note is free to move in
addition to the above motion in a horizontal direction when so acted
upon by the collision of the stop with the lug f* until the lug ƒ³ comes
in contact with the end of the upper pivoted part of the note. The
connection between the upper and lower part of the note preserved by
the two screws f" and f", which are fixed in the lower portion of the
note and free to move in the slotted holes in the upper portion. A
bar a of gun metal or other suitable metal or material is let into the top
plate a to assist the free sliding of the projecting portion of the lower
part of the note which rest upon the bar. Each note has two springs
beneath it, one fe to assist the note in recovering its horizontal position,
and the other fº to enable the lower sliding portion of the note to return
to its normal position ready to be acted upon on a future occasion.
It will be seen that a small portion of the dropping bar is shewn to
illustrate more fully the relative position of the same with respect to the
note which acts upon it.
As the spaces do not require any type rods a more modified form of
note shewn in Figure 15 is sufficient to fulfil all that is required of it,
namely to lift the bar i. There are two notes devoted to spaces, and
marked th, and mg, in Figures 3 and 4.
Considerable pressure is sometimes required when for instance steel or
metallic plates are used for the stereotyping process. In these cases
steel dies would be generally used.

page_text: In some cases I propose using a plastic substance, such as gutta
percha for instance, for stereotyping from, thus, in the case of gutta
percha after the impressions on its surface have been made by means of
the type rods so as to form ordinary printed matter, but in " intaglio."
The surface of, this impression by a well-known process is then dusted
with pure plumbago, and placed in an electrotype mould, when a coat of
copper is deposited on it, from which multiplied copies of the printed
matter may be taken.
When great force is required to give the roquisite pressure to the sheet
receiving the impress of the type, the pusher may be propelled, as
shewn in Figure 16, Sheet 4, by a screw g', having on its end a toothed
pinion ³, gearing into and driven by the wheel 7º, the latter being
firmly connected to the winding pulley 9" at its side. From the line g"
is suspended a weight 9", which by its gravity gives rotation to the tooth
wheel 9, and through the pinion to the screw g', and restores the
pusher to its normal position. The wheel and winding pulley are driven
by contact with the clutch b in the usual form.
2
Figures 17 and 18 shew a self-acting arrangement for reversing the
motion of the frame by the action of the tappets n and n¹ on the
rod n, striking at the end and commencement of the stroke of the
frame da stud n³, fixed in some convenient position on the fork lever n*,
which throws the pinion in gear at the commencement, and out of gear
at the termination, of the stroke of the frame d¹.
Figures 19, 20, and 21 (Sheet 4) shew a modified construction of the
machine, in which the clutch b' is always in driving-contact with the
cylinder c, and actuating it, except when a note is raised and the lug
thereon comes in contact with a stop on the cylinder, and compels the
clutch to slip or slide on its counterpart on the cylinder. This clutch is
so constructed with an internal spiral spring 6 and set up nut 6º, that it
may be readily adjusted to the requisite amount of pressure to drive the
cylinder e without giving too much frictional contact between the stop
and the end of the key. In this latter arrangement of the machine
there is a special note f" for actuating the pusher, motion being given
through the rod o to the lever o³, and through the shaft or to the lever o³;
the latter being connected by the rod o' to the forked lever o³, and by
that lever to the pusher g³, which gives its push and recoils again by the
action of the spring o' through the lever o*.

page_text: It will be seen by the above described action of the pusher that it can
only be in action (whether propelling or retiring) while a note is kept
depressed and the projecting lug on the tail end of the note raised to
such a position as will retain the cylinder while the impress is given.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim as my
"Improvements in Printing and in the Production of Printing Surfaces,
also in Apparatus to be used for these Purposes,"-
-

page_text: WILLIAM YOUNG. (L.S.)