Improvements in Apparatus for Expanding, Beading, and Cutting Tubes, and for Drilling and Broaching Holes in Tube-plates and the like, and for Performing similar Operations.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 19th July, 1894-Accepted, 20th Oct., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Expanding, Beading, and Cutting
Tubes, and for Drilling and Broaching Holes in Tube-plates and
the like, and for Performing similar Operations.
We, SIMON SCHREIBER, of 164 Fenchurch Street, in the County of London,
Merchant, and WILLIAM TULLY, of 58 Gurney Road, Leytonstone Road, in the
County of Essex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-—
Our invention is chiefly designed to provide an improved implement or apparatus
for securely fastening the ends of tubes in the tube-plates of boilers, condensers
and the like.
In apparatus of the kind or class to which our said invention more particularly
relates, provision is made for replacing the rollers of the tube-expander by tools
or devices for performing other operations, viz.:-the cutting out of old tubes, the
re-boring or broaching of the holes in the tube-plates, and the holding of the
implement in a tube during the beading of the end thereof; and the said apparatus
comprises a mandrel which is usually formed of a taper or conical part and a
screw-threaded part united by a swivel-joint so that the taper part of the said
mandrel is capable of rotary movement relatively to the screw-threaded part
thereof but must participate in any end wise movement thereof. But apparatus of
this kind or class, as hitherto devised, does not possess all the properties or
capabilities requisite to ensure the performance of its functions in a thoroughly
efficient and satisfactory manner; moreover, by reason of its construction, such
apparatus is very costly.
Now by our invention we greatly simplify the construction and increase the
efficiency of the said apparatus whilst considerably diminishing the cost of
manufacture thereof, and we adapt such apparatus for the performance of a larger
number of operations than heretofore.
In the apparatus as hitherto devised, the rollers are retained in the roller-case
by means of spring rings, which require special tools to remove and replace them;
moreover the tube-cutting and broaching devices and the device for holding the
implement in a tube during the beading of such tube, are made in segments of such
dimensions that together they surround the roller-case, and each of which segments
is provided at the back with a stud or projection adapted to be inserted into an
opening in the roller-case and to bear against the mandrel. This arrangement is
not only expensive, but does not work as efficiently as desirable in practice.
According to one part of our present invention, we construct the roller-case
with a removable or detachable end-piece or cap for retaining the rollers or
alternative devices in the said case, which cap can be readily taken off to permit
the removal of the rollers and the substitution of any of the alternative devices
therefor; we are, therefore, enabled to dispense with the aforesaid spring rings.
The apertures or cavities in the roller-case of our improved apparatus are, in some
instances, made of the same width as the rollers, suitable overlapping pieces or
projections being provided at the ends of such apertures or cavities, to engage
with the rounded ends of the' said rollers or alternative devices, and thus retain
the same in the roller-case whilst leaving them free to move therein as required.
In other instances we dispense with the said overlapping projections at the ends of

page_text: the apertures or cavities in the roller-case, and make the said apertures or cavities
taper from the interior to the exterior of the roller-case, so that, whilst the rollers
or alternative devices can move freely in the roller-case as required, they cannot
escape laterally therefrom. In this case, we can make the rollers with flat, rounded
or other suitably shaped ends.
To ensure the more effective action of the implement, we sometimes form the
said apertures or cavities in such a manner that the rollers are slightly inclined
to the axis of the implement; the said rollers will then have a tendency, when the
implement is rotated about its axis, to draw the same into the tube.
We make the broaching and tube-cutting devices and the device for holding the
implement in a tube while beading the said tube, of such shape that they fit into
the apertures or cavities for the rollers in the roller-case and will be retained
therein like the said rollers by the aforesaid detachable cap.
In the accompanying drawings, we have shown how our said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of our improved implement or apparatus.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal central section showing the mandrel-case and its
adjuncts, the roller-case being removed.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal central section of the roller-case.
Figure 4 is a transverse section on the line x, x, Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a similar view to Figure 4, the tube-expanding rollers being replaced
by the devices for cutting out old or damaged tubes.
Figure 6 is a side elevation of one of the said cutting devices.
Figure 7 is a similar view to Figure 4, the rollers being replaced by the broaching
'cutters,
Figure 8 is a side elevation of one of the said broaching cutters,
Figure 9 is also a similar view to Figure 4, the rollers being replaced by the
devices for firmly retaining the implement in a tube during the beading of the end
of such tube.
Figure 10 is a side elevation, partly in longitudinal section, of one of the said
devices.
Figure 11 is a longitudinal central section showing a roller-case and rollers
adapted for tubes of larger diameter.
Figure 12 is a longitudinal central section showing another form or modification
of our apparatus,
Figure 13 is a longitudinal central section, showing the means for beading the
ends of the tubes.
Figure 14 is a sectional elevation illustrating a further modification of our
improved apparatus.
Figure 15 is a side elevation of part of the apparatus shown in Figure 14.
Figure 16 shows a face view and an edge view of the detachable cap.
Figure 17 is a transverse section on the line ', x', Figure 14.
Figures 18, 19 and 20 are side elevations showing, respectively a roller, a tube-
cutter and a broaching cutter for use with the apparatus shown in Figure 14.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
Referring to Figures 1 to 11, a is the mandrel-case; & is the roller-case; c, c¹ are
the two parts of the mandrel, which are united by a swivel-joint consisting, for
example, of a pin d extending through a circumferential groove c² in the part c
and firmly secured in the part c in such a manner that it can be readily withdrawn
and replaced for the purpose hereinafter explained. e, e are the rollers. f is the
screw for adjusting the mandrel as desired. y is the ratchet for rotating the
implement.
Instead of making the rollers & with circumferential grooves and retaining them
in place by spring rings as heretofore, we make the said rollers with rounded ends
as clearly shown in Figures 3 and 11, and to ensure the retention of the said
rollers in the roller-case b, we construct the said roller-case as follows, that is to
say, we make the said case with apertures or cavities b' of the same width as the

page_text: rollers e, as shown in Figure 4, and at the inner end of each of the said apertures
or cavities we provide an overlapping edge or projection to engage with the
corresponding rounded end of the roller e; to the outer end of the case b we secure,
by screws or otherwise, a retaining piece or cap h formed with projections / which
extend into the apertures and engage with the outer rounded ends of the rollers e,
so that, when the said rollers are inserted in the apertures or cavities
retaining piece or cap is secured to the roller-case b, the rollers, whilst free to
turn about their axes and to move outward under the action of the mandrel, cannot
escape from the roller-case; the said rollers can, however, when the cap h is taken
off, be readily removed and replaced by any of the aforesaid devices.
and the
We make any desired number of roller-cases of different diameter and having
larger or smaller rollers, and we adapt all of these roller-cases for use with one and
the same mandrel-case a. For example, we make each of the said roller-cases with
a female screw-thread which fits the male screw-thread a' on the corresponding
end of the mandrel-case a, so that the said roller-cases are interchangeable. We
can thus provide, at a much lower cost than heretofore, the requisite apparatus for
expanding, cutting and beading tubes and broaching holes of any desired number
of different sizes, as only one mandrel-case is required instead of an equal number
of mandrel-cases. In some instances we also make the mandrel with interchangeable
taper or conical parts c', the pin d being withdrawn when the part is to be
changed.
jis a ring or collar, such as is used in the apparatus as heretofore constructed,
which is secured by screws j¹ upon the roller-case b.in any required position
according to the extent to which the tubes project beyond the tube-plate, so as to
determine the position of the rollers in the tube.
k, kare the cutters for cutting worn or damaged.tubes to facilitate their removal
from the tube-plates. 1, 1 are the cutters for broaching the holes in the tube-plates.
m, m are the improved devices for holding the implement firmly in place in a tube
during the bending of the end of such tube. These cutters or devices are all made
of the same width or thickness as the rollers e and with correspondingly shaped
ends, so that they can be substituted: for the rollers in the roller-case 6 as indicated
in Figures 5, 7 and 9, and will be retained therein in the same manner as the said
rollers, the cap h being taken off to permit the. removal of the rollers e and the
insertion of either set of the alternative devices, and being, then again secured in
plare on the end of the roller-case .
We make the above mentioned alternative devices with flat sides which bear
against the corresponding flat sides of the apertures or cavities and are thereby
efficiently guided and supported..
The tube-cutters k are made with sharp segmental ribs or cutting parts kl; and
the broaching cutters are made with longitudinal cutting ribs .
The devices m are made with a chequered or knurled surface m' having a large
number of points, which, when the said devices are forced outward by the taper
part of the mandrel, will be pressed against or into the metal of the tube in such
a manner that there will be no liability to turning of the implement in the tube
during the beading operation.
To provide for the use of the mandrel-case and ratchet as a ratchet-brace, we
make the mandrel-case a with an external screw-thread a so that, when the
screw is taken out, a suitable adjustable centre may be screwed upon the end of
the said mandrel-case; and we provide a drill-socket having a female screw-thread
to fit the male screw-thread a on the other end of the said mandrel-case.
thus increase the number of useful purposes for which the apparatus is applicable.
If desired we form on the roller-case b an external screw-thread to receive the said
drill-socket.
We
Instead of the ratchet shown in the drawing, we sometimes use one having a lever
or handle formed with a box to cover or enclose the ratchet-wheel, a bolt-pawl being
providel, which is held in engagement with the teeth of the said wheel by a spiral
or other suitable spring.

page_text: In Figure 12, we have shown another form or modification of our improved
apparatus, in which, for the sake of economy in the manufacture, the mandrel-case
and roller-case are made in one piece and the mandrel is also made in a single piece
instead of in two parts as above described. In this modification, the mandrel-case
and roller-case may be made from a tube or a hollow forging turned or otherwise
shaped as required.
When our improved apparatus is intended to be used for beading the tubes, the
usual sleeve or collar n provided with beading rollers n' is fitted upon the roller-
case b as shown in Figure 13, and is arranged to be adjusted, as the beading
operation progresses, by means of a nut screwed upon the roller-case b.
In the modification of our apparatus shown in Figures 14 to 20, the apertures or
cavities of the roller-case bare made slightly taper from the interior to the
exterior as shown in Figure 17 for the purpose of preventing the escape of the
rollers or other devices laterally therefrom; the taper of the said cavities being
such that, when the rollers have been moved outward to the predetermined limit,
their further outward movement will be prevented by the converging sides of the
said cavities; and the cap h is made as shown in Figure 16, without any
projections. The rollers e, in this modification, are made with flat ends, the
cutters k, and the devices for holding the implement in the tube being made of
corresponding shape.
The apertures or cavities are preferably so formed that the axes of the rollers e
are slightly inclined relatively to the axis of the implement, as shown in Figure 15,
for the purpose above specified.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 14, the mandrel c and the screw fare
formed in one piece, and the roller-case 6 is made with an internally screw-threaded
extension b to receive the screw f.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is -
First. An implement or apparatus of the kind or class hereinbefore referred to,
in which the rollers or alternative devices are retained in the cavities of the roller-
case by a removable or detachable end-piece or cap, with or without overlapping
edges or projections to engage with the said rollers or devices, substantially as, and
for the purposes, above specified.
Second. The tube-cutters, the broaching cutters and the holding devices,
constructed and adopted to be inserted and retained in the apertures or cavities of
the roller-case, substantially in the manner set forth and for the purposes specified.
Third. The above described improvements whereby we provide for the employ-
ment of roller-cases of different sizes in combination with one and the same
mandrel-case.
Fourth. The above described improvements whereby we adapt our apparatus for
use as a ratchet-brace.
Fifth. An implement or apparatus of the kind or class hereinbefore referred to,
in which the apertures or cavities of the roller-case are made with converging sides
to retain the rollers or alternative devices in the said case, substantially as
described.
Sixth. An implement or apparatus of the kind or class hereinbefore referred to,
in which the apertures or cavities in the roller-case are so formed that the axes
of the rollers are inclined to the axis of the implement, for the purpose above
specified.
Seventh: The improved apparatus constructed substantially as described with
reference to Figures 1 to 11 and 13 of the drawings, for the purposes above
specified.
Eighth. The modification of our invention wherein we make the mandrel-case and
the roller-case in one piece, substantially as described with reference to Figure 12
of the drawings.

page_text: Ninth. The modification of our improved apparatus substantially as described
with reference to Figures 14 to 20 of the drawings.
Deted the 19th day of July 1894.
S. SCHREIBER.
W. TULLY.
D. Your & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.