IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY AND GEARING FOR WORKING, STOPPING, AND HOLDING CHAINS IN SHIPS OR VESSELS, AND FOR MOVING OR RETAINING HEAVY WEIGHTS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Thomas Peter Newbon and Thomas Smith,
Naval Architects, both of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY AND GEARING
FOR WORKING, STOPPING, AND HOLDING CHAINS IN SHIPS OR VESSELS, AND FOR
MOVING OR RETAINING HEAVY WEIGHTS." "
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James Thomas Peter Newbon
and Thomas Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition and Declaration, on the 4th July 1860, pursuant to the
9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
THOMAS PETER NEWBON and THOMAS SMITH, of Fenchurch. Street, in the City
of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS we are in possession of an Invention. for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS OR MACHINERY AND GEARING FOR WORKING, STOPPING, AND HOLDING
CHAINS IN SHIPS OR VESSELS, AND FOR MOVING OR RETAINING HEAVY WEIGHTS," and.
have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto us, our executors, administrators,.
and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that we are the true and first Inventors thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Thomas Peter Newbon and
Thomas Smith, do hereby declare that the following Complete Specification
and accompanying Drawings under our hands and seals fully describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed.
Our Invention relates, first, to certain improvements in apparatus or

page_text: machinery and gearing, or novel arrangements for working chain cables;
secondly, for stopping them from running out; and, thirdly, for holding them or
bringing up by, which improvements are more particularly adapted for uses
on ships or vessels, but may be applicable for other purposes where chains are
used, the following being a description thereof:-We fit a toothed chain pulley
or drum horizontally on or between decks; working or rotating upon a shaft,
and attached thereto may be cast or otherwise secured one or more spur or
bevil wheels and palls; when requisite, geared to these wheels are pinions
or a pinion fixed also upon a vertical shaft, and by means of lever bars steam
or any other power when applied; this shaft can be worked either on or
between deck, thereby causing rotary motion to be given to the toothed
chain pulley or drum, around which the chain partly passes, being held
between the teeth thereof. When multiplied power is not required the
motive power may act direct upon the toothed chain pulley or drum shaft,
and on either shaft may be a capstan made to work independently for the
purposes of warping. In addition to this toothed chain pulley or drum
we fit one or more other toothed chain pullies or drums with sometimes spur
or bevil wheels, and pauls attached to them also, they being fitted either
horizontally, or sometimes vertically or otherwise, in or upon the deck, either
close to the pinion shaft, or at a suitable distance therefrom and around
them the chain also partly passes, being held also between the teeth thereof.
Each toothed chain pulley or drum when in use assists in either holding
or throwing off the chain as it passes when working therein, they being
geared together by wheels, pinions, cranks, chains, or bands, or sometimes
working tangentionally or independently, giving increased holding power
over the chain and preventing its slipping; when long links, shackles, or
links of irregular dimensions are being worked together with multiplied power
when required, now so requisite owing to the increased tonnage of vessels and
proportionate increase in the size and weight of anchors and chain cables.
When two or more lines of chain are required to be worked at one time
we fit double chain pullies upon the shafts with similar suitable gearing.
Our improvements, according to the second part of our Invention, relate to
stopping chains from running out as they are being hauled in, which are as fol-
lows: We use a stopper, which may be understood by the name of a "claw"
or "tilt" stopper, the claw or tilt being moved up and down by the action
of the links passing through it, every alternate link of the chain being securely
held and stopped from running out as it is drawn in, but where the chain
is required to be moved away or on one side without unshackling, we use a
double or four-tongued tumbler stopper; the tongues revolve upon their own

page_text: axis, and the chain passes over and between them so that it may be easily
thrown off clear from the tongues, and a bolt being so arranged as to move up
against one of the tongues by means of an eccentric or lever they are prevented
revolving and the chain stopped running out; when only two tongues are
used, a balance handle must be attached to keep one tongue perpendicular to
the chain and the opposite tongue against the stopping bolt.
Thirdly, for holding or bringing up the cable we use a self-locking com-
pressor or chain nipper so arranged as to lock, hold, or grip the chain by
means of a locking bar, pall, or wedge, which may be worked or locked by
a lever, and when unlocked the moveable jaw of the compressor or chain
nipper is drawn open and permits the chain to run freely in or out.
The accompanying Drawings Sheets 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent the several
arrangements of our Invention.
Sheet 1, Figs. 1 and 2, shew an elevation and plan according to the first
part of our Invention for working or "getting" vessels, chain cables, and
anchors. The letters in both Figures refer to corresponding parts.
A being
the deck, B, C, D, the toothed chain pullies or drums, between which the
dotted line E representing the cable passes from the hawse hole to the
opening F, in the deck A, where the cable descends into the chain locker.
Upon the toothed chain pulley or drum C are spur wheels G, and geared into
them are the pinions H keyed or otherwise secured to the shaft I, which may
rest in a socket or bearing in the deck, as shewn, or otherwise, and by rotary
motion being given to the shaft by capstan bars in the head thereof K, or
by steam power when applied, the toothed chain pulley C is set in motion.
Upon the shaft I is a capstan L revolving independently having suitable palls.
As the pinions H revolve they turn the toothed chain pulley C, and as the chain
moves it carries the toothed chain pullies B and D to revolve also by the action
of the links passing through them, B and D being geared together by the spur
wheel M, working into the spur wheels N upon the sides of B and D, they
both having palls, B holding the cable as it comes in, and D taking it off'
from C, and from thence it passes in the direction of the arrows and dotted
line to the opening F in the deck A, where it falls into the chain locker
underneath, being a compressor, as shewn in Sheet 5, for holding, bringing up.
the cable or riding by (when the cable is free from the toothed chain pullies) O
being the lever for locking compresser; P are the shafts upon which the
toothed chain pullies revolve, which may be fitted as shewn, or otherwise; Q
is a knee between which the toothed chain pulley C and gearing work; R are
revolving posts to keep the cable clear; S are pall rims. At the bows near
hawse hole we fit stoppers, as shewn in Sheet 4.

page_text: Sheet 2, Figures 1 and 2, shew elevation and plan where no increased or
multiplied power is used. A being the deck; and B, C, D, the toothed chain
pullies; the dotted line E representing the chain working in the direction of
the arrows to the opening F in the deck; B and D may be geared together,
either as shewn in Sheet I. or by pinions, cranks, chains, or tangentionally. The
toothed chain pulley C when keyed, or otherwise fastened to the shaft I, may
be worked upon the forecastle deck, suitable bearings being made in the decks
for the shaft to work in; P, are shafts for the toothed chain pullies to revolve
on; S, are pall rims; we sometimes fit the toothed chain pullies between
double knees, having therein proper bearings for the pullies to work in, and
suitable palls, the knees being secured to the deck.
Sheet 3, Figures 1 and 2, shew elevation and plan of working, when two
toothed chain pullies are only used at one time, they working independently;
the dotted lines and arrows represent the direction the cable works. The shaft
is shewn broken off; so that it may be continued in any direction where any
convenient mode of working may be employed either by steam or otherwise.
We have omitted giving letters of reference, considering them unnecessary, the
plan in other respects resembling those we have already described.
Sheet 4, Figures 1, 2, and 3, shew plan according to the second part of our
Invention for stopping chains from running out when being hauled in. A is
the fixed portion or bed, upon which the "claw" or "tilt" B falls having on
the sides thereof a secure bearing; C is the opening where the chain passes
through, and every alternate link as it is drawn through tilts or lifts the claw
B, which drops between every perpendicular link, and so prevents the chain
running out; D are bolts to fasten the claw or tilt B to the fixed portion A,
which is secured to the deck E when B is lifted up (by a tackle lever or
otherwise, as shewn dotted in Figure 1; the chain can run through without
interruption..
Figures 4, 5, and 6, shew the double-tongued revolving stopper, A being
the fixed frame, in which the tongues B revolve in bearings C, the chain
passing over the centre attached to the tongues; B is the handle; D, to keep
them balanced, one for the perpendicular links to fall between, and the other
against the stopping bolt E, which is moved up by an eccentric or lever F;
the moveable iron hoop G is to prevent the cable jerking out; H is the deck.
When four tongues are used the balance handle D is not requisite.
Sheet 5 shew plan according to the third part of our Invention of self-
locking compressor, for holding or bringing up the cable. Figure 1 shews
position when unlocked, and Figure 2 a plan on deck; the dotted lines
shewing compressor under the deck when locked; A, opening in deck for the

page_text: cable to pass through; B carlings, let down between the beams C; D, the
fixed jaw of compressor, and E the moveable jaw, which is drawn open by the
rod F attached to the pall G, which is keyed or otherwise fastened to a spindle
passing through the deck, the chain being securely held between the fixed
jaw D and the moveable jaw E when locked by the bar or pall G, which is
worked or turned by the lever H; Figures 3 and 4 shew plan for locking by
a wedge; the description and lettering correspond with Figures 1 and 2,
excepting that the rod or bar F (which is keyed on to the spindle worked by
the lever H upon deck) is connected only with the locking wedge G,
which works between the iron plate I and the moveable jaw of the com-
pressor.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, we hereby declare that we do not claim as of our
Invention, or the exclusive use of the parts shewn in the Drawings herein
referred to when taken separately, or otherwise than when arranged and
employed as herein described, and we hereby declare that we claim as our
Invention,-
First, the combination of apparatus, as described by reference to Sheets 1,
2, and 3 of the Drawings, for the purpose of "working" chains.
Secondly, the combination of apparatus having a "claw" or "tilt," and a
revolving double-tongued stopper, as described by reference to Sheet 4 of the
Drawings, for "stopping" chains.
Thirdly, we claim the combination of apparatus for locking the chain com-
pressor, as described by reference to Sheet 5 of the Drawings, for the purpose
of "holding" the chain.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Thomas Peter Newbon and Thomas
Smith, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named James Thomas Peter Newbon and
Thomas Smith in the presence of
FREDERICK HERITAGE, Sol",
Dr. Commons.
J. T. P. NEWBON. (L.B.)
T. SMITH.
(L.B.)