IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND PULVERIZING QUARTZ AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leonard Wray, of Ramsgate, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND PULVERIZING QUARTZ AND OTHER HARD
SUBSTANCES."
Scaled the 2nd. November 1869, and dated the 11th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leonard Wray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1869.
I, LEONARD WRAY, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND PULVERIZING QUARTZ AND OTHER HARD
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improved Apparatus for Crushing, Grinding, and
Pulverising Quartz and other Hard Substances" relates to certain
novel and simple arrangements of parts whereby the crushing and
grinding operations for pulverizing quartz or other hard substances
may be carried on in combination.

page_text: The working instrument of the crushing and grinding apparatus
is formed with curved surfaces, and in some of the arrangements is
made to vibrate or oscillate on a centre.
In one arrangement this instrument consists of a heavy metal block,
which is mounted on a horizontal rocking shaft supported in adjustable
bearings. This grinding and crushing block oscillates between two
fixed jaws made by preference of steel or other very hard metal or
substance; on the ends of the shaft of the crushing block (or on a
counter shaft above) are keyed two weighted pendulums or levers,
one on cach side of the machines, and by causing these pendulums to
vibrate either by hand labour or by a motive-power engine the
oscillating block will crush the substance (to be operated upon) by.
forcing it against the fixed jaws. The comminuted substance will fall
down by its own gravity to the lower part of the space between the
vibrating block and the fixed jaws, and will be ground down to a fine
state, the fineness or coarseness of the crushed material depending
upon the adjustment of the moveable block between the fixed jaws,
In another arrangement there are two vibrating or oscillating crush-
ing blocks connected together by links, jointed rods, or other equivalent
devices, and between them is mounted an excentric which acts against
the back of the oscillating crushing or grinding blocks and forces
them forward alternately so as to force the substance to be crushed
against the fixed jaws. It is advisable in all cases to make the
movable crushing blocks adjustable vertically, so that they may be
set at any desired distance from the fixed blocks according to the
degree of fineness to which it may be required to reduce the substance
that is being operated upon. In some cases the vibrating pendulums
may be dispensed with and rotary motion (at any convenient speed)
may be imparted to the excentric shaft, and a rapid vibrating motion
may thus be communicated to the crushing block or blocks. It will
be understood that as the lower working surfaces of the movable
crushing blocks are curved and nearly concentric with their axis or
centre of motion a grinding action will take place on the smaller
particles of the substance operated upon while the larger pieces are
being crushed or broken up.
If preferred the two vibrating crushing blocks may be mounted
excentrically, so that they will (in action) better and more expeditiously
crush and clear away or discharge below the finely crushed material.

page_text: To the discharging aperture of either of these arrangements of
crushing apparatus may be adapted a pair of rollers for completing the
comminution of the substance.
Another arrangement consists in the use of a series of cylindrical
pulverizing or grinding rollers, which may be either corrugated or
not as may be preferred. There are two large cylindrical grinding
surfaces, one above the other and geared to rotate together. Two,
three, or more smaller rollers bear against the surface of the top roller
and crush the material to be operated upon to a certain degree of
fineness; it is then delivered on to a screen, whereby the finer particles
will be separated from the coarser, which latter are then conducted
between the two large rollers and from thence to a series of smaller rollers,
which act with and against the bottom large roller. All these rollers are
mounted in adjustable bearings, so that they may be made to nip more
or less and thus reduce the material to any degree of fineness. If desired
the rollers may all be driven by toothed gearing in connection with one
or other of the large rollers, and this gearing may be so proportioned as
to cause the rollers either to simply crush or to rub or grind as well.
As a modification of the arrangement just described I sometimes
employ one large main crushing roller and partially surround it on
one side with a number of smaller rollers mounted in adjustable
bearings and driven by gearing from the main crushing roller.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Leonard Wray in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 11th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEONARD
WRAY, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent, Gentleman, send
greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, and in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,..
give and grant unto me, the said Leonard Wray, Her special licence, that
I, the said Leonard Wray, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Leonard Wray, my executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING,
GRINDING, AND PULVERIZING QUARTZ AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Leonard Wray, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Leonard Wray, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings bercunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say) -
:-
My Invention of "Improved Apparatus for Crushing, Grinding, and
Pulverizing Quartz and other Hard Substances" relates to certain novel
and simple arrangements of parts whereby the crushing and grinding
operations for pulverizing and triturating quartz or other hard substances
may be carried on in combination or successively.
The working instrument of my improved crushing and grinding
apparatus is formed with curved surfaces, and is made to vibrate or
oscillate on a centre which is placed excentrically.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn several different arrange-
iments for effecting the object of my Invention.
In the arrangement shewn at Fig. 1 (which is a sectional elevation of
a machine of very simple character) the crushing instrument consists of
a heavy metal block a which is mounted on a horizontal rocking shaft &
supported in adjustable bearings. This grinding and crushing block a
oscillates between two fixed jaws c, c, the working or crushing surfaces
or cheeks of which (as also those of the fixed jaws c, c,) are made by
preference of steel or other very hard metal or substance, and are
secured to the block and fixed jaws as shewn in the Drawing, or in any

page_text: other suitable and convenient manner. On the ends of the shaft of the
crushing block a or (if preferred) on a counter shaft b above (as shewn in
Fig. 1) are keyed two weighted pendulums or levers e one on each, side
of the machine, and by causing these pendulums to vibrate either by
hand labour or by a motive-power engine the oscillating block a will
crush the substance (to be operated upon) by forcing it against the
fixed jaws c, c. When the weighted levers or pendulums are keyed on to
a counter shaft (as at d, Fig. 1) this shaft is provided with a lever or
cam f, which as the pendulums oscillate is made to bear against two
steel rubbing surfaces let into the upper end of the vibrating block a,
as shewn in the Drawing.
The comminuted substance will fall down by its own gravity to the
lower part of the space between the vibrating block a and the fixed
jaws.c, c, and will be ground down to a fine state, and will ultimately be
discharged through the opening o between the fixed jaws c. Tho
fineness or coarseness of the crushed material as discharged from the
machine will depend upon the adjustment of the moveable block
between the fixed jaws; the moveable block is therefore mounted in
bearings which are capable of being raised or lowered by set screws or
other equivalent devices so that the position of the block in relation to
the fixed jaws can be regulated or adjusted to a nicety.
The machine shewn in Fig. 1 shews the Invention in its simplest
form, and is intended to be worked by hand by merely pulling the
pendulums c to and fro: Fig 2 represents a sectional view of a
machine constructed on the same principle; but intended to be worked
by power.
In this instance the pendulums are dispensed with, and on
the counter shaft is an excentricf; on the same shaft are also keyed the
fly wheel g, the driving pullies (whereby it is made to rotate), and a
band wheel or pulley i for transmitting motion to a similar pulley j¹
mounted on the axles of one of the crushing rollersj below. These
latter are corrugated vertically or transversely, and will grind, crush, or
reduce to fine powder the crushed material that is deliverd from the
opening o beneath the crushing block.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the framing and bearings of the machine
represented at Fig. 2, and shews the screws and devices for adjusting
and regulating the position of the vibrating block a.

page_text: Fig. 4 is a vertical section of another arrangement in which there are
two vibrating or oscillating crushing blocks a and a* connected together
at their upper ends by a screw link a or by any other equivalent device,
and between them is mounted an excentric f which acts against the
back of the oscillating crushing or grinding blocks a, a*, and moves them
forward alternately so as to force the substance to be crushed and
ground against the fixed jaws c, c, as in the former instances. It is
advisable in all cases to make the movable crushing blocks a, a*,
adjustable vertically, as shewn in the side elevation, Fig. 5, so that they
may be set at any desired distance from the fixed blocks c, c, according
to the degree of fineness to which it may be required to grind or reduce
the substance that is being operated upon. By communicating rotary
motion (at any convenient speed) to the excentric shaft d a rapid
vibrating motion will be communicated to the crushing block or blocks a,
which will crush and grind (with a downward rubbing motion) the
substance to be operated upon, and will then deliver it to the vertically
corrugated rollers below, which will reduce it to a greater degree of
fineness.
It will be understood that as the working surfaces of the moveable
crushing blocks are so curved as to be very nearly circular, as shewn at
Figures 1 and 2, a powerful grinding and rubbing action will take place
on every particle, large and small, of the substance being operated
mpon, and it will be seen that the vibrating crushing blocks in Figures 1,
2, and 4 are mounted excentrically, so that they will (in action) better
and more expeditiously clear away or discharge below the material after
it has been crushed and ground.
To the discharging aperture o of either of these arrangements of
crushing apparatus may be adapted a pair of rollers (as shewn in Fig. 2,
and indicated by blue lines in Fig. 4) for completing the comminution of
the substance, as already described; by proper adjustment, however,
the crushing blocks alone may be made to reduce the material to the
proper fineness, but a larger yield will be obtained if the rollers j, j,
are combined with the crushing blocks, as shewn.
Fig. 6, Sheet II., is a side elevation, and Fig. 7 a vertical section of
a grinding, pulverizing, and triturating apparatus, which consists of a
series of cylindrical pulverizing or grinding rollers k, k, k, which may
be either plain or corrugated, as may be preferred. There are also two

page_text: large cylindrical grinding surfaces 1, 1*, one above the other, and geared
to rotate together, as shewn at P, , in Fig. 6. The material to be
operated upon is placed in a feeding box p in which there is a shaker p¹
and feeding brush p², Fig. 7, for feeding in the material in an uniform
manner. Two, three, or more of the smaller rollers k, k, bear against
the surface of the top roller I, and crush the material (as it is fed in) to
a certain degree of fineness. It is then delivered on to a rapidly moving
sieve m, whereby the very fine particles will be separated from the
coarser, and may be at once removed, while the latter are conducted
between the two large rollers 1, 1*, and from thence to a second series
of the smaller rollers k, k, which act with and against the bottom large
roller; all these rollers are mounted in adjustable bearings with set
screws, so that they may be made to nip more or less, and thus reduce
the material to any required degree of fineness. If desired, the rollers
may all be driven by toothed gearing in connection with one or other
of the large rollers, as shewn in Fig. 6. This gearing, however, is
not indispensable, as all the smaller rollers k, k, may be driven by friction
of contact.
As a modification of the arrangement just described I sometimes
employ one large main crushing roller l, and partially surround it on
one side with a number of smaller rollers k, k, as shewn in section at
Fig. 8. The small rollers k are mounted in adjustable bearings, and are
driven either by gearing from the main crushing roller, as shewn
at Fig. 6, or by friction of contact, as shewn in Fig. 8. The main
cylinder is driven by gearing from the main driving shaft q, on which
are keyed two fly wheels u, u, and driving pullies v. The gearing is
arranged on each side of the machine, as shown in the end elevation,
Fig. 9.
The shaker p' in the feeding box p (Figures 8 and 9) is an inclined
vibrating board or frame mounted on a hinge joint near its lower
extremity, and is actuated by a double tappet r above, to which a rapid
rotary motion is communicated in any convenient manner. The material
to be operated upon is supplied to the feeding box p from a spout 8,
from which it falls on to the inclined shaker p', and is either pushed by
the rotating brush p², or it may fall of itself from the vibrating board on
to the large roller l. The small rollers k, k, are each provided with a
weighted scraper 10, and the large roller may also be similarly provided.

page_text: If the pulverized substance is wet the scrapers must be used, but if it be
dry they will not be required. The effect of these pulverizing and
triturating machines is to reduce the substance (that is to be operated
upon) to the finest possible state of division or to an impalpable powder,
so that in the case of gold and silver ores the powder will be ready for
immediate amalgamation.
Although the crushing and grinding machines and the pulverizing and
triturating machines have been shewn separately, it will be found
advantageous and advisable to use them in combination, that is, arranged
as one complete or combined machine.
Fig. 11, Sheet III., is a sectional elevation, Fig. 12 is a plan view,
and Fig. 13 an end elevation of the crushing, grinding, and pulverizing
machines arranged to work in combination with the requisite feeding,
sifting, and discharging apparatus, so as to admit of passing a large
quantity of material through the several operations required to reduce
the ore to the requisite degree of fineness ready to be submitted to
amalgamation. The ore, quartz, or other substance as extracted from
the mine is tipped on to a platform A, A, Fig. 11, from whence it is
shoveled or fed into a machine, such as either of those shewn at
Figures 2 and 4, Sheet I. After being crushed by the vibrating
blocks a, a, and passing between the vertically corrugated rollers j, j,
the comminuted substance falls into a sifting box B, in which there are
three inclined sieves 8, 8, 8, of different degrees of fineness, the finest
being undermost. A vibratory shaking motion is communicated to the
sifting box B by the combined action of the rotating tappet t and the
excentric w. By this means a compound motion is imparted to the
sieves; the object of using three sieves is to get rid readily of the finer
particles of the comminuted substance, so that the rollers of the machine
below may act more effectually on the coarser particles. The very
finest dust will pass through all the sieves 8, 8, 8, and will fall into the
chamber C, which is enclosed, and from thence the fine powder will be
delivered on to the travelling endless belt D, whereby it will be con-
veyed away, and delivered to the amalgamators. The coarser particles
which cannot pass through the sieves run down the spout v into the
feeding box p of the lower machine, which may be constructed upon
the plan, shewn at Figures 7 and 8, through which the substance will
pass in the manner already explained in reference to these Figures, and

page_text: will be delivered in a finely pulverized state on to the travelling endless
belt D, where it will be mixed with the finc particles which fall from
the chamber C, and will be carried forward to the amalgamators. The
driving drum of the steam engine is shewn at E, and from pullics on
the shaft of this drum driving bands pass to pullies on the several parts
of the grinding, sifting, and pulverizing mechanism, as indicated by the
dotted lines at Fig. 11.
Having now described my Invention, and the means of carrying it
into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as
aforesaid,-
First. I claim the use of curved surfaces mounted excentrically and
made to oscillate, so as to produce a crushing, grinding, and essen-
tially rubbing action on the substance operated upon, as herein set
forth.
Second. I claim the mode herein set forth of actuating thic moveable
crushing, grinding, and rubbing surfaces.
Third. I claim the combination with two large rollers of a number of
smaller crushing, grinding, pulverizing, and triturating rollers together
with the method of actuating them, the mode of feeding in the substance
to be operated upon, and the use of a sieve between the large top and
bottom rollers for the purpose of separating the finer portion of the
particles from the coarser before this latter is carried to the pulverizing
rollers below.
Fourth. I also claim the construction, arrangement, and mode of
actuating the several parts of the machine shewn at Figures 8 and 9
(which is essentially a pulverizing and triturating machine), and the
combination therewith of the peculiar feeding apparatus, which ensures
a rapid and constant supply in a thin sheet of the crushed material to
the pulverizing rollers, as herein set forth.
Fifth. I lastly claim the general arrangement and combination of the
crushing and grinding machines with the pulverizing and triturating
machines, as shewn in Sheet III., together with the intermediato
apparatus for sifting, and the endless travelling band for carrying the
pulverized substance to the amalgamators or elsewhere; the whole cou-

page_text: stituting a complete and economical system of reducing ores to a
condition suitable for amalgamation or otherwise.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leonard Wray, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
LP. WRAY. (L.S.)