Process of and Apparatus for Manufacturing Horse-shoe Roughing Studs or Calks.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1898-Accepted, 23rd Apr., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process of and Apparatus for Manufacturing Horse-shoe Roughing
Studs or Calks.
I, RUDOLF HORNSTEINER, of Prag-Zizkov, No. 137, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement: -
This invention relates to the manufacture of roughing studs or calks with rib-
like (in the present example three-ribbed) section, but with a full base at that
part which bears against the horse-shoe.
These calks have the advantage that contrary to the simply pointed solid rough-
ing calks (in which, used upon the hard ground, the treading-surface always
increases, affording less resistance against slipping) they remain always of the
same small section, having always the same treading base.
I will describe the said manufacture with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which Figure 1 shews a vertical section of one arrangement of the
machine which I employ for such manufacture, Figure 2 is a section on line a
Figure 1, Figure 3 is a rear view of the machine, Figure 4 is an enlarged view
of the pressing disc or lever and die, Figures 5 and 6 shew respectively a vertical
section and a cross section on line y y Figure 5, of a modified construction of the
pressing levers and dies; Figures 7 and shew an elevation and plan of one
of the roughing studs; Figures 9 and 10 shew diagrams of the lever action of both
constructions; Figures 1' and 1" and 1° are vertical sections of different modifica-
tions of the actuating mechanism; Figures 1" and 1 shew a vertical section and
sectional plan of an arrangement of the pressing dies and supporting device
having continuous rotary motion for taking up and holding the blanks before
they are formed into roughing studs.
The process consists essentially in so operating with a laterally directed inward
pressure at three points upon the blanks for the roughing stud that the side
surfaces p, Figures 7 and 8, thereof are pressed inwards so that the stud assumes
the ribbed or star shaped section shewn at Figure 8, this pressing action
being effected by correspondingly shaped pressing cheeks or dies mounted
on discs
or levers which in reciprocating or revolving, force the dies
against the blank wine at a white heat, and in operating with a longitudinally
advancing pressure, force the displaced metal longitudinally forward, as indicated
at Figure 4, thereby producing a tapering or pointed end to the stud as shewn at
Figure 7, while leaving a base p² of the full size and a portion p¹ for receiving
a screw thread.
As shewn on the drawings, the press employed for this purpose, and which
may be actuated by cranks, cams screws or hydraulic pressure, consists mainly of
a number (here shewn as three) levers or discs a Figures 1 and 2 rotatably mounted
upon axes c in a fixed or moveable support b, and arranged radially to the blank,
so that on rotating the discs or levers a the pressing dies are made to press inwards
against the blank so as to cause it to assume the ribbed or star shaped form shewn
at Figures 7 and 8.

page_text: In order to bring the blank into the correct longitudinal position for the dies
to act thereon in such manner as to leave the requisite base 22 and screwed
portion p, the levers or discs a are provided with projections a² on which the
blank rests before it is acted upon 'by the dies.
'
In place of these projections a² may be used a support s¹ Figure 1º but the
first arrangement is more convenient.
For bringing the blank into the correct position relatively to the dies a rod h
is employed, which is caused by means to be presently described to press the
blank downwards.
The finished stud or calk falls down upon the socket g in which the pressing
has been effected, as soon as it is released by the dies as these continue rotary
motion.
The pressing dies and other working parts' can be' actuated in various ways.
In the arrangement shewn at Figures 1 to 4, the discs or levers a carrying the
pressing dies are carried on axes c supported in moveable blocks or cylinders b.
The point of the disc or end of the lever diametrically opposite the die is con-
nected to one end' of a link pivoted at its other end to a pin f carried by a
fixed frame e that surrounds the support b. From this it will be seen that if the
block and consequently the axes c be moved longitudinally while the pin f
remains stationary, the disc or lever a will be partially rotated through a distance
proportionate to the stroke of the block b.
The disc or lever is thereby made to protrude the pressing die through a slot
in the guide socket g in the block b, the interior of which is adapted to receive the
stud blank, and into the upper end of which projects the rod h sliding in the
plunger which is actuated by the press in any suitable manner. The rod h
is made to slide in the plunger i in order that it may be moved downwards in
advance of the latter, so as to push the white-hot blank rapidly down in the
socket until it rests upon the projection a² before the plunger i presses the
block downwards, so as to actuate the discs or levers a. The said advance
motion of the rod h can be effected in various ways; one arrangement is shewn at
Figures 1 and 3. The rod h is in this case screwed into a block k in a slot of
which is engaged the one end of the two-ended lever that is actuated by the
plunger i.
The lever is pivoted to a pin m carried by the plunger and its other arm has
a slot with which is engaged a bolt n carried by fixed uprights a. The slot 1
is made with an elbow as shewn at Figure 1, so that the lever will follow the
first part of the upward motion of the plunger without being turned upon its
pivot m, but when the lever has risen with the plunger to the point where the
bolt n bears against the elbow of the slot ', the lever will be rapidly turned
on its pivot (as the leverage mn is about half that of m k) so as to raise the rod h
relatively to the plunger as shewn by the dotted lines at Figure 1. Thus, on
the downward motion of the plunger the converse action will take place, that
is to say, the rod h will first be rapidly protruded from i, thereby pushing the
heated blank down into the socket as described, and will then move down at the
same speed as the plunger i.
The action of the machine will be as follows.
Starting from the position shewn at Figure 1, which is that after the com-
pletion of the formation of a roughing stud or calk, the plunger has moved
upward to a certain extent, and the block has at the same time been raised
by the plunger o below, actuated by the press, and by this motion the discs or
levers a have been turned back into their original position.
As the plunger rises still higher, say into the position shewn in dotted lines
at Figure 1, the elbow of the slot will press up against the bolt n and the
lever will be turned so as to rapidly raise the rod h. A white hot blank is now
inserted into the opening of the socket g whereupon the plunger i descends and
the rod h rapidly pushes the blank down g on to the projection a².
On the farther descent of the plunger i, the block 6 will be pressed downward

page_text: thereby, thus actuating the discs or levers a as indicated by the diagram Figure 9,
so as to operate on the blank in the above described manner; after which the
finished stud is released and falls down. After cooling this has a screw thread
cut on its base, as shown at p' Figure 7, while the part p³, remains of the original
size.
It is immaterial for the proper action of the discs or levers a whether the
block be made to rise and fall as described, the surrounding casing e being
fixed, or whether be fixed and e be made to rise and fall, or whether both are
made moveable.
In both the last named cases the pivot m of the lever would be fixed, and
the bolt n would be made moveable, the action on the rod h, being the same as
in the first case.
This arrangement is more or less necessary when the apparatus is fitted in a
press that only has a motion in the longitudinal axis, such as screw and hydraulic
presses, for actuating the lever 1, by such longitudinal motion. With crank or
excentric presses, the two parts b and e are fixed together, and the movement of
the lever, is effected from the crank motion by means of the cam E, Figures 1*
and 1, the motion being transmitted for example, through a two ended lever 2
pivoted at r, which is connected by means of a link to the one arm of the
elbow lever l.
If a crank press be employed with b and e fixed together as described, the
arrangement may be such that the plunger i acts directly upon the disc or lever a,
by means of the link das at Figures 1 and 1" the connection of the link with
the disc or lever a in Figure 1 being arranged between the pressing die and
the fulcrum c, while in Figure 1º it is placed on the opposite side of the fulcrum c,
thus constituting a double ended lever a.
In the arrangement at Fig. 1° the block b is assumed to be fixed, and the
casing e vertically moveable, and thereby actuating dies as shewn.
In the arrangements shewn in vertical section and plan at Figures 1° and 1*
the discs carrying the dies are made to revolve continuously in one and the same
direction, the simultaneous rotation of the three discs being effected by bevel
gear transmission.
In the construction shewn at Figures 5 and 6, a hollow cylinder s is moved by
a press, up and down in a fixed casing r, and is formed with three vertical slots s¹
each divided into two by a transverse piece. On the inclined face s2 of the lower
slot rests a roller t on the one end of the pressing lever u, pivoted on a bolt at u¹
and carrying the adjustable pressing die t¹ which projects through the upper
slot.
The upper
end of the hollow cylinder s is fitted with a correspondingly slotted
socket, into which are inserted the blanks for the roughing studs, the cylinder s
being moved longitudinally, the inclined faces 2 act upon the rollers t and
thereby move the levers u, so as to press the dies t¹ against the heated blank as
indicated by the diagram Figure 10.
On the motion of the cylinder s, being reversed the levers will turn back by
gravity so as to remove the dies from the finished roughing stud, whereupon
stud is removed from the socket v by the upward motion of a rod w, actuated
by any suitable moving part of the press.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
-
1. Process for the manufacture of ribbed roughing studs or calks, having a
solid base for attachment to the shoe, wherein the blanks for the studs are intro-
duced between suitably shaped pressing dies which press inwards the sides of the
blanks with the exception of the part which constitutes the base in such manner
as to produce the required ribbed section, substantially as described.
2. Apparatus for carrying out the process referred to in the first claim, consisting

page_text: of discs, levers, or equivalent devices, carrying pressing dies for acting on the
sides of the stud blank, which dies have both an inward, and a longitudinal motion
imparted to them, and projections on the said discs or levers on to which the blanks
are pressed by a rod actuated by the press substantially as described.
3. Apparatus for manufacturing roughing studs such as is referred to in the
second claim, wherein the discs or levers a carrying the pressing dies a¹ project
through slots in a hollow cylindrical block into a socket g, containing the blank,
and are mounted on pivots c, on which they receive a partial rotary motion from
the press, for effecting the lateral pressure upon the blanks substantially as
described.
4. Apparatus for manufacturing roughing studs such as is referred to in the
second and third claims, wherein levers u, carrying the pressing dies and mounted
on fixed axes bear with rollers upon inclined surfaces 2 on the vertically
moveable hollow cylinders by the vertical motion of which the levers are turned
so as to cause the dies t' carried thereby to act upon the blank contained in a
socket in the cylinders substantially as described with reference to Figures 5
and G.
Dated the 23rd day of Wahmom. 1800