AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TOOL FOR CUTTING STONE
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TOOL FOR
CUTTING STONE." A communication from abroad by William Shaw
Campbell, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
Sealed the 26th November 1867, and dated the 2nd September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd September 1867.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TOOL
FOR CUTTING STONE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel manufacture of saw or rotary cutting too!
for cutting slabs of stone, and consists in setting in the edge or periphery or
perimeter of the cutting tool small precious stones of great hardness, pieces.
thereof (diamonds being preferred), in such a manner that the said stones shall
form the cutting edges or points of the saw, and so that some of them shall
project on either side of the saw plate so as to cut a "kerf" sufficiently wide
to keep the plate from binding in the "kerf," or from coming into contact with
the solid parts of the stone undergoing the cutting operation. By this arrange-
ment the diamond or other points are set, some to cut the edges or side

page_text: boundaries of the "kerf," while others will cut the middle of it, and others
again will cut in intermediate parts. Thus the disposition of the points will be
such as to cut all the material opposed to the progression of the saw. To keep
the points and the plate from heating during the performance of the sawing
operation, a stream of cold water should be kept flowing upon the saw where
in contact with the stone. Discolorations, and specks, and flaws, which
detract from the value of diamonds and other precious stones do not injure
them for the proposed use, and it is such cheapened stones that are proposed
to be employed. The. stones are secured in their places by being imbedded
in copper in a manner. well known to diamond setters.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special licence; that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TOOL FOR CUTTING STONE," being a
communication to me from William Shaw Campbell, of Dresden, in the King-
dom of Saxony, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the, said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and. by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:
In the ordinary operation of sawing stones so called, it is well known that
the process is not strictly a sawing one; but is rather a grinding operation
being performed by reciprocation or rotation of a "lap" of soft metal supplied
with some loose hard powdered or granulated substance, as emery or sand, for
example, and being kept from heating by a supply of water or other suitable
liquid; this process is at best but slow and tedious, although it is the only
one practised for dividing the softer stones such as marble and freestones
which are not laminated and do not cleave with precision. To divide such
stones into slabs with less expenditure of time than has heretofore been
required is the object of the present Invention. This I effect by the use of a
novel manufacture of saw or rotary cutting tool.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn the mode of applying the
Invention both to circular saws and to flat saws.
Fig. 1 is a side view, and Fig. 2, an edge view of a circular saw constructed
according to the present Invention, and Figures 3 and 4 are partial side and
edge views of a flat saw similarly constructed.
The edge or periphery or perimeter of the cutting tool is studded with
small precious stones of great hardness or pieces thereof (diamonds being
preferred) the same being disposed in such a manner that the stones shall form
the cutting edges or points of the saw. Some of them projecting on either
side of the saw plate to cut a "kerf" sufficiently wide to keep the plate from
binding in the "kerf" or from coming into contact with the solid parts of the
stone undergoing the cutting operation while the others cut in the line of the
plane of the saw blade.
It will thus be understood that the Invention contemplates the arrangement
of the diamond or other points in three or more planes some being set to cut
the edges or side boundaries of the "kerf," while others will cut the middle of
it, and others again will cut in intermediate parts. Thus the position of the
points will be such as to operate upon and effect the removal of all the material
opposed to the line of progress of the saw. To keep the points and the plate
from heating during the performance of the sawing operation a stream of cold.
water should be kept flowing upon that part of the periphery of the saw which
is in contact with the stone. Discoloration, specks, or flaws, which detract from
the marketable value of diamonds and other precious stones do not injure them

page_text: for the proposed use, and it is such cheapened stones that are proposed to be
employed. The stones are secured in their places by being imbedded in copper
in a manner well known to diamond setters.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "An Improved
Manufacture of Tool for Cutting Stone," as communicated to me by my
correspondent, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent,
I claim as a new article of manufacture, a saw constructed with cutting
points or edges, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Second day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
. 66, Chancery Lane..
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)