Improvements in Oil or Vapour Burners or Atomizers for Heating Purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 5th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 8th May, 1897
Communicated from abroad by THOMAS REATH BROWNE, of Juniata, Altoona,
Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Master Mechanic,
Pennsylvania Railroad Company.]
Improvements in Oil or Vapour Burners or Atomizers for Heating
Purposes.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the construction of oil burners and atomizers, and has
for its object to provide a burner or atomizer of simple and efficient construction,
particularly adapted for use outside of a furnace, and to be, preferably, connected
to the furnace by a properly arranged adjustable arm, or other suitable support,
for the purpose of adjusting it to and away from the furnace or rather to and from
a properly shaped orifice or flared tube inserted in the furnace, the adjustment
being regulated in proportion to the amount of oil to be burned and the cubic
contents of the furnace in which the oil is consumed.
The leading feature of my invention consists in providing one or more orifices
through which the oil can flow or be forced, and in surrounding the nozzle in which
these orifices are formed with an annular converging orifice with its inside wall
preferably set at some slight distance behind or back of the end of the nozzle
containing the oil orifice or orifices, and through which an impelling jet of fluid,
preferably air, though steam may be used, is caused to flow. Another preferred
feature of my construction, and one which has given superior results, is the
provision of a central orifice for an impelling jet of air or steam in the nozzle
in which the oil orifices are formed, so that the oil is subjected at the same time to
the action of surrounding and central jets of the impelling fluid, producing a slight
vacuum in front of the nozzle containing the oil orifices assisting the flow of oil and
at the same time atomizing it.
The nature of my improvements will be best understood as described in
connection with the drawings in which they are illustrated, and in which,
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a burner constructed in accordance with my
invention, and arranged in the proper way in connection with the furnace wall, or
nozzle, or proper shaped opening in said wall.
Figure 2 is a cross section on the line 1-1 of Figure 1, and
Figure 3 is a view showing how the burner is adjusted to and from the
furnace.
A represents the furnace wall having an opening A' in which is inserted a flared
receiving tube or opening B, the inner diverging walls B2 of which should
correspond closely with the form of the jet forced between them, while the outer
diverging walls B¹ are so formed in order to insure the drawing in of a proper
supply of air to properly support the combustion of the oil spray forming the jet
when it has reached the inside of the furnace. C indicates an adjustable supporting
arm which, as shown, is provided with a clamp C₁ adjustable along a stud C

page_text: secured to the furnace wall, C² being a bolt by which the clamp is secured, and to
which arm, in the plan shown, the burner is secured. D is an oil supply pipe
connecting through the valve M with pipe D' and through pipe D' to the central
oil supplying tube E having an end or nozzle E¹ formed with converging sides and
through which extend one or more oil escape passages or orifices E. In the
design shown four such passages pass through the nozzle E, and are symmetrically
arranged around and parallel with the centre thereof. In my preferred
construction I also provide lateral passages E3 communicating at their centre with
a longitudinal passage E which opens in the centre of the nozzle E'. F indicates
a strainer by which the impurities are prevented from entering the pipe E.
G indicates the body of the burner or atomizing device, and is so shaped as to form
a chamber G¹ surrounding the pipe E and communicating through passage G2 with
the pipe H2, which forms part of a conduit for compressed air or steam, of which
also the trap indicated at H¹ and the pipe H leading to it and form a part.
M being a valve by which the pipe H can be closed at will. I is a cap piece
serewing into the body G of the burner, as indicated, and having an orifice or
opening through which the nozzle E projects, a small space indicated at K,
being left between the opening I' and the nozzle E', through which the compressed
air or other fluid in the chamber G¹ can issue. The nozzle E' should project a
slight distance beyond the inside wall of the cap piece I and the orifice K, and the
walls of the opening I should preferably be given a converging shape corre-
sponding with the converging walls of the nozzle E, though the desired result of
a converging jet issuing from the nozzle K will be secured even if the walls of the
opening I do not converge, but are made thin, the convergence of the nozzle E¹
being alone sufficient to secure this result.
It is of course evident that the compressed air or steam, or other fluid under
pressure filling the chamber G will not only issue through the orifice K, but will
also pass through the lateral opening E3 into the central passage E in the centre
of the outward end of the oil pipe E, and central with reference to the oil
orifices E2. The oil burner or atomizer should be set at some distance from the
outer end of the feeding tube B; this distance I have found in practice may
conveniently be four or five inches, but should be regulated by the nature of the jet
formed and the smallest diameter of the feeding tube or nozzle B, or a corre-
sponding opening provided in the furnace wall, the provision for su h adjustment.
being secured by proper connection of the arm C to the horizontal stud connected
to the furnace wall or other suitable support.
In operation the converging jet of impelling fluid, as well as the central jet,
converge and meet at a point L at some distance in front of the burner, the oil
from the orifices E2 being practically carried inside of the converging impelling
jet, in which there is a slight vacuum, is not permitted to drop or fall before
reaching the point L, and at this point it is subjected to such intense and
violent action of the impact of the central jet of impelling fluid and the
converging jet of impelling fluid, that it is broken into an exceedingly fine
spray, the finely divided oil and air by impact then forming a diverging jet
of uniform shape, which is impelled with great force into and through the
receiving or feeding tube B, or a correspondingly and proper shaped opening
in the furnace wall, and with the result of drawing into the said tube an ample
supply of air to support the proper combustion of the oil contained in the finely
divided jet. While I preferably use compressed air as the means of spraying
and impelling the oil into the furnace, it is upon the air drawn into the receiving
tube by the action of the jet that I depend to support proper combustion, and
therefore, I may,
if desired, use steam as the impelling jet, or I may, in connection
with the atomizing of the oil in the burner separated from the furnace, provide a
sufficient amount of air to support combustion by means of artificial blast supplied
from a blower or other mechanical means.
In my construction of burner the oil is not ignited at or close to the orifice or
orifices through which it issues, and ignition does not take place until it enters the

page_text: furnace itself, therefore the burner or spraying device is not subjected to the action
of an injurious degree of heat or the danger of explosion, it being practically
impossible to draw the flame back and produce combustion at the point of discharge
of the impelling jet containing the oil and air or steam. This obviates the
necessity of frequent cleaning of the burner, due to the oil caking or baking hard
at such times as the burner may be shut off, and, in fact, further provision may be
made against this possibility by interposing hetween the furnace and the burner
when not in use a small iron plate or ring which may hang from the stud C³.
I have found it highly desirable in all cases to carry the nozzle El a slight
distance beyond the inside wall of the cap I and the orifice K, as by this means
the oil does not enter the converging air jet until the jet is fully formed, and it is
impossible for the oil and air to become mixed, or in any way uuite at any other
point than outside of the burner, nor can the jet be properly and the oil thoroughly
atomized to the degree of combustion until the oil and impelling jets of air or
steam have reached the point L in front of the burner, and above referred to.
While I prefer to use in connection with the annular converging jet issuing
from the orifice K, the central impelling jet forming the orifice E, I have
obtained excellent results with the annular converging and diverging jet alone.
Dated this 5th day of June 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil or Vapour Burners or Atomizers for Heating
Purposes.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co. Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to the construction of oil burners and atomizers, and has
for its object to provide a burner or atomizer of simple and efficient construction,
particularly adapted for use outside a furnace, and to be, preferably, connected to
the furnace by a properly arranged adjustable arm, or other suitable support, for
the purpose of adjusting it to and away from the furnace or rather to and from a
properly shaped orifice or flared tube inserted in the furnace, the adjustment being
regulated in proportion to the amount of oil to be burned and the cubic contents of
the furnace in which the oil is consumed.
The leading feature of my invention consists in providing one or more orifices
through which the oil can flow or be forced, and in surrounding the nozzle in which
these orifices are formed with an annular converging orifice with its inside wall
preferably set at some slight distance behind or back of the end of the nozzle
containing the oil orifice or orifices, and through which an impelling jet of fluid,
preferably air, though steam may be used, is caused to flow. Another preferred
feature of my construction, and one which has given superior results is the
provision of a central orifice for an impelling jet of air or steam in the nozzle in
which the oil orifices are formed, so that the oil is subjected at the same time to
the action of surrounding and central jets of the impelling fluid, producing a slight
vacuum in front of the nozzle containing the oil orifices assisting the flow of oil
and at the same time atomizing it.

page_text: The nature of my improvements will be best understood as described in
connection with the drawings left with my Provisional Specification in which,
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a burner constructed in accordance with my
invention, and arranged in the proper way in connection with the furnace wall, or
nozzle, or proper shaped opening in said wall.
Figure 2 is a cross section on the line 1-1 of Figure 1, and
Figure 3 is a view showing how the burner is adjusted to and from the
furnace.
A represents the furnace walls having an opening A' in which is inserted a
flared receiving tube or opening B, the inner diverging walls B' of which should
correspond closely with the form of the jet forced between them, while the outer
diverging walls B¹ are so formed in order to insure the drawing in of a proper
supply of air to properly support the combustion of the oil spray forming the jet
when it has reached the inside of the furnace. C indicates an adjustable supporting
arm, which, as shown, is provided with a clamp C adjustable along a stud C³
secured to the furnace wall, C being a bolt by which the clamp is secured, and to
which arm, in the plan shown, the burner is, secured. D is an oil supply pipe
connecting through the valve M with pipe D' and through pipe D¹ to the central
oil supplying tube E having an end or nozzle E' formed with converging sides and
through which extend one or more oil escape passages or orifices E2. In the design
shown four such passages pass through the nozzle E¹, and are symmetrically
arranged around and parallel with the centre thereof. In my preferred construction
I also provide lateral passages E' communicating at their centre with a longitudinal
passage E which opens in the centre of the nozzle E. F indicates a strainer by
which the impurities are prevented from entering the pipe E. G indicates the body
of the burner or atomizing device, and is so shaped as to form a chamber G
surrounding the pipe E and communicating through passage G with the pipe H²,
which forms part of a conduit for compressed air or steam, of which also the trap
indicated at H' and the pipe H leading to it and form a part, M' being a valve
by which the pipe H can be closed at will. I is a cap piece screwing into the
body G of the burner, as indicated, and having an orifice or opening 1' through
which the nozzle El projects, a small space indicated at K, being left between the
opening I and the nozzle E', through which the compressed air or other fluid in
the chamber G can issue. The nozzle E' should project a slight distance beyond
the inside wall of the cap piece I and the orifice K, and the walls of the opening L'
should preferably be given a converging shape corresponding with the converging
walls of the nozzle El, though the desired result of a converging jet issuing from
the nozzle K will be secured even if the walls of the opening 1' do not converge,
but are made thin, the convergence of the nozzle E' being alone sufficient to secure
this result.
It is of course evident that the compressed air or steam, or other fluid under
pressure filling the chamber G will not only issue through the orifice K, but will
also pass through the lateral opening E into the central passage E in the centre of
the outward end of the oil pipe E, and central with reference to the oil orifices E.
The oil burner or atomizer should be set at some distance from the outer end of the
feeding tube B; this distance I have found in practice may conveniently be four or
five inches, but should be regulated by the nature of the jet formed and the smallest
diameter of the feeding tube or nozzle B, or a corresponding opening provided in
the furnace wall, the provision for such adjustment being secured by proper
connection of the arm C to the horizontal stud connected to the furnace wall or
other suitable support.
In operation the converging jet of impelling fluid, as well as the central jet,
converge and meet at a point L at some distance in front of the burner, the oil from
the orifices E2 being practically carried inside of the converging impelling jet, in
which there is a slight vacuum, is not permitted to drop or fall before reaching the
point L, and at this point it is subjected to such intense and violent action of the

page_text: impact of the central jet of impelling fluid and the converging jet of impelling
fluid, that it is broken into an exceedingly fine spray, the finely divided oil and air by
impact then forming a diverging jet of uniform shape, which is impelled with great..
force into and through the receiving or feeding tube B, or a correspondingly and
proper shaped opening in the furnace wall, and with the result of drawing into the
said tube an ample supply of air to support the proper combustion of the oil
contained in the finely divided jet. While I preferably use compressed air as the.
means of spraying and impelling the oil into the furnace, it is upon the air drawn.
into the receiving tube by the action of the jet that I depend to support proper-
combustion, and therefore, I may, if desired, use steam as the impelling jet, or
I may, in connection with the atomizing of the oil in the burner separated from the
furnace, provide a sufficient amount of air to support combustion by means of
artificial blast supplied from a blower or other mechanical means.
In my construction of burner the oil is not ignited at or close to the orifice or
orifices through which it issues, and ignition does not take place until it euters the
furnace itself, therefore the burner or spraying device is not subjected to the action.
of an injurious degree of heat or the danger of explosion, it being practically
impossible to draw the flame back and produce combustion at the point of discharg
of the impelling jet containing the oil and air or steam. This obviates the necessity
of frequent cleaning of the burner, due to the oil caking or baking hard at such.
times as the burner may be shut off, and, in fact, further provision may be made.
against this possibility by interposing between the furnace and the burner when not
in use a small iron plate or ring which may hang fron the stud C³.
I bave found it highly desirable in all cases to carry the nozzle E a slight
distance beyond the inside wall of the cap I and the orifice K, as by this means the
oil does not enter the converging air jet until the jet is fully formed, and it is.
impossible for the oil and air to become mixed, or in any way unite at any other
point than outside of the burner, nor can the jet be properly and the oil
thoroughly atomized to the degree of combustion until the oil and impelling
jets of air or steam have reached the point L in front of the burner, and above.
referred to.
While I prefer to use in connection with the annular converging jet issuing from
the orifice K, the centra! impelling jet forming the orifice E, I have obtained
excellent results with the annular converging and diverging jet alone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-.
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me.
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :----
1. In an oil burner apparatus an oil spraying nozzle having a central and an.
annular outer air channels and oil channels situated between said air channels, said
nozzle being adapted, as described, to throw a jet of air and oil which first converges
toward and then diverges from a point in front of the nozzle in combination with a
receiving nozzle B situated in front of the spraying nozzle and having its inner-
walls B2 proportioned and flared to conform to the size and form of the mixed oil
and air jet.
2. In an oil burner apparatus an oil spraying nozzle having a central and an.
annular outer air channels and oil channels situated between said air channels, said
nozzle being adapted, as described, to throw a jet of air and oil which first converges
toward and then diverges from a point in front of the nozzle in combination with a
receiving nozzle B situated in front of the spraying nzzle and having its inner
walls B proportioned and flared to conform to the size and form of the mixed oil
aud air jet and its outer wall B' abruptly flared outward.
3. In an oil burner, an oil pipe as E, and a solid terminal nozzle E, said nozzle-
having perforations as E running from pipe E to its outer end to serve as oil
channels, a central perforation E not connecting with the oil pipe and one or more
lateral perforations or channels E3 running through the side walls of the nozzle to.

page_text: the central perforation or channel E4, in combination with an outer casing adapted
to serve as an air or a steam chamber and forming with the walls of the nozzle E²
an annular air escape channel K.
Dated this 5th day of March 1807
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.