IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John William Nottingham, of Clayton Place, Ken-
nington Road, in the County of Surrey, Artist, William Henry
Postlethwaite Gore, of Palace Gardens Terrace, Kensington, Esquire,
and Anguish Honour Augustus Durant, of the Conservative Club, St.
James's, Captain, both in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED CARRIAGES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John William Not-
tingham, William Henry Postlethwaite Gore, and Anguish Honour
Augustus Durant at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st January 1864.
We, JOHN WILLIAM NOTTINGHAM, of Clayton Place, Kennington Road,
in the County of Surrey, Artist, WILLIAM HENRY POSTLETHWAITE GORE,
of Palace Gardens Terrace, Kensington, and Esquire, and ANGUISH HONOUR
AUGUSTUS DURANT, of the Conservative Club, St. James's, Captain, both in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-

page_text: These improvements in wheeled carriages consist of a mode or modes of
constructing the bodies of such carriages for the purpose of causing them to
be lighter, stronger, more commodious, and less expensive than carriages as
hitherto built, and for obtaining certain other advantages.
In carrying out our Invention, we construct the body or parts of the body
of such a carriage of a combination of a metallic framework or skeleton
composed of pieces of iron, steel, or other metal of such forms, and as shall
cause such framework or skeleton to be strong and light, and at the same time
fit it to receive and hold the panels, plates, or pieces of wood, metal, or other
suitable material of which the back, sides, roof, floor, seats, and other parts
which form the carriage body or parts of the carriage body may be con-
structed. And in constructing such a metal skeleton or framework we use
strips, bars, or pieces of angle iron or similarly shaped pieces of steel or other
suitable metal in those places where the panels, plates, or pieces of wood,
metal, or other material to be held in the frames (as the sides and back, for
example) meet together, and are to be held in the frame at right or other
angles, so that the sides or ends (or both sides and ends) of the panels, plates,
or pieces of wood, metal, or other material may be received in, fixed to, and
firmly held by those parts of the angular-shaped bars of the framing to which
they are to be attached. In some parts two bars or strips of angle iron or
angular pieces of metal may be used when necessary in lieu of one, and the
angle of the cross section of a bar or strip may be a right angle or such
other angle as may be requisite according to the position in which it is to be
placed and the purpose to which it is to be applied, and in those parts
where a support is required, not being at an angle of the frame, metal of
a T-shaped section or of a double angular section or trough section may be
used. The bars or strips of metal composing the framework may be rivetted
together, or may be fixed together, and secured in any convenient manner, but
we prefer to join the main parts together by means of bolts and nuts when
it is desired that the carriage body may be taken asunder and packed in
a small compass for transportation, and readily put together again when
required for use.
The panelling, which is to be fitted into and secured to this skeleton or
frame, in order to complete the body of the carriage, may be made of wood,
sheet metal, papier maché, or other suitable material; and. one of the great
advantages of this method of construction is, that in case of an injury to any
panel or other part, by accident or otherwise, a new panel or other part can
be readily inserted without taking the framework asunder.

page_text: In constructing a carriage body of a combination of a metal framework or
skeleton with panels of wood or other suitable material, the carriage body
may be made lighter and stronger, and in consequence of the metal frame
occupying much less space than the wooden framework ordinarily employed,
the interior of a carriage body thus constructed may be made more
commodious.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John William Nottingham, William Henry Postlethwaite
Gore, and Anguish Honour Augustus Durant in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
WILLIAM NOTTINGHAM, of Clayton Place, Kennington Road, in the County of
Surrey, Artist, WILLIAM HENRY POSTLETHWAITE GORE, of Palace Gardens
Terrace, Kensington, Esquire, and ANGUISH HONOUR AUGUSTUS DURANT, of
the Conservative Club, St. James's, Captain, both in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of Jauuary, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John William Nottingham, William Henry Postlethwaite Gore, and
Anguish Honor Augustus Durant, Her special licence that we, the said
John William Nottingham, William Henry Postlethwaite Gore, and Anguish
Honour Augustus Durant, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said John William Nottingham, William Henry
Postlethwaite Gore, and Anguish Honour Augustus Durant, our executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED CARRIAGES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John William Not-
tingham, William Henry Postlethwaite Gore, and Anguish Honour Augustus
Durant, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under:

page_text: our, or one of our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John William Nottingham, William
Henry Postlethwaite Gore, and Anguish Honour Augustus Durant, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement in writing, that is to say :-
These improvements in wheeled carriages consist of a mode or modes of
constructing the bodies of such carriages for the purpose of causing them to
be lighter, stronger, more commodious, and less expensive than such carriages
as bitherto built, and for obtaining certain other advantages.
In carrying out our Invention, we construct the body of the carriage of a
combination of a metallic framework or skeleton with panels or filling-pieces
of wood, papier maché, or other light and suitable material (not being
metal.) The metallic framework or skeleton is composed of pieces of iron,
steel, or other metal of such forms as shall cause such framework or skeleton
to be strong and light, and at the same time fit it to receive the panels, plates,
or pieces of wood, papier mâché, or other suitable material, of which the back,
sides, roof, floor, seats, and other parts which form the carriage body, or parts
of the carriage body, may be constructed. And in constructing such a metal
skeleton or framework we use strips, bars, or pieces of angle iron, or similarly
shaped pieces of steel or other suitable metal in those places where the panels,
plates, or pieces of wood, papier mâche, or other material to be held in the
frames (as the sides and back, for example) meet together, and are to be held
in the frame at right or other angles, so that the sides or ends (or both sides
and ends) of the panels, plates, or pieces of wood, papier mâche, or other
material may be received in, fixed to, and firmly held by those parts of the
angular-shaped bars of the metallic framing to which they are to be attached.
In some cases two bars or strips of angle iron or augular pieces of metal may
be used when necessary in lieu of one, and the angle of the cross section of a
bar or strip may be a right angle or such other angle as may be requisite
according to the position in which it is to be placed and the purpose to which
it is to be applied. And in those places where a support is required not
being at an angle of the frame metal of a T-shaped section, or of a double
angular or trough-shaped section may be used, whilst flat, square, or half

page_text: round bars of metal may be advantageously used in some places. The bars
or strips of metal composing the framework or skeleton of the carriage may
be rivetted together, or may be fixed together and secured in any convenient
manner, but we prefer to join the main parts together by means of screw bolts
and nuts, when it is desired that the carriage body may be taken asunder, and
packed in a small compass for transportation, and be readily put together
again when required for use.
The panelling or filling pieces which is or are to be fitted into and secured
to this framework or skeleton, in order to complete the body of the carriage,
may be made of wood, papier mâché, or other suitable light material (not
being metal) and one of the great advantages of this method of construction
is, that in case of any injury to any panel or other part, by accident or other-
wise, a new panel or other part can be readily inserted without taking the
framework or skeleton asunder.
In thus constructing a carriage body of a combination of a metal framework
or skeleton with panels or filling pieces of wood, papier mâché, or other
similarly suitable and light material, the carriage body may be made lighter
and stronger, and in consequence of the metal frame occupying much less
space than the wooden framework ordinarily employed, the interior of a
carriage body thus constructed may be made more roomy and commodious
without increasing the exterior bulk thereof.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention for
"Improvements in Wheeled Carriages," together with the manner in which
the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, we
would remark, in conclusion, that in the Provisional Specification which we
caused to be filed with our petition for the above in part recited Letters
Patent, we mentioned "sheet metal" as being a suitable material whereof to
construct the panels or filling pieces of the carriage bodies in combination
with the metallic framework or skeleton; but since filing such Provisional
Specification, as aforesaid, we have come to the conclusion that sheets or
plates of metal are not so suitable a material for such purpose as we then
believed them to be, on account of their liability to cause an unpleasant.rattling
sound, and for that and other reasons we are desirous of disclaiming, and we do
hereby disclaim, the use of sheets or plates of metal for such purpose; but
what we consider to be novel and useful, and claim as our Invention for
"Improvements in Wheeled Carriages," is the construction of the body of
such carriages of a combination of a metallic framework or skeleton with
panels or filling pieces of wood, papier mâché, or other similarly light and

page_text: suitable material (not being metal), substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before particularly set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Anguish Honour Augustus Durant, on
behalf of myself and of the said John William Nottingham and
William Henry Postlethwaite Gore, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-four.
A. H. AUGUSTUS DURANT. (L.S.)
Witness,
BRISTOW HUNT,
Sol. and Patent Agent,
1, Serle St.,
Lincoln's Inn.