IMPROVE- MENTS IN ARTIZANS' AND MECHANICS' TOOLS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Paterson Smith, Civil Engineer, Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, Scotland, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ARTIZANS' AND MECHANICS' TOOLS."
Sealed the 22nd August 1871, and dated the 25th February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Paterson Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th February 1871.
I, JOHN PATERSON SMITH, Civil Engineer, Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIZANS' AND MECHANICS' TOOLS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide for use by artizans,
mechanics, and other persons in workshops and other places where
power is available or can be obtained, portable tools, by which various
operations in cutting and shaping, such as drilling, boring, widening,
filing, rasping, grinding, and polishing metal, wood, stone, and other
substances, can be performed in less time, at less cost, and with less

page_text: manual exertion than is now necessary when portable hand tools of
ordinary kinds have to be brought to or brought into position to act
upon the article, piece, or substance to be cut or shaped. For these
purposes tools of novel construction have been devised and arranged
to be driven in a new manner. The distinguishing characteristics are,
that whilst each tool is a portable and movable tool, capable of being
guided and directed by the hand of the operator, it receives its actuating
or driving power through a band, belt, rope, chain, or other elastic
or flexible power transmitter driven by a steam engine or other prime
mover.
A tool suitable for drilling, boring, and widening, consists, according
to one modification under my Invention, of a central spindle, upon
which a pulley suitably formed to receive the driving band or other
clastic or flexible transmitter is fixed. The end of the said spindle is
formed with a socket or grippers to receive and hold the drill or other
cutting or abrading bit, and mechanism of any ordinary or suitable kind
is provided for advancing and withdrawing the said bit. Upon the
said spindle handles or a handle, two are preferred, are so mounted
that the spindle can rotate within them, the workman grasps the
handles and guides and directs the tool to act on the desired part.
A tool suitable for filing, rasping, grinding, and polishing, with the
attacking surface on its circumference, is constructed, according to one
modification under my Invention, by securing to or placing on a central
spindle a cylindrical, disc like, or other piece, circular or nearly circular
in transverse section, the periphery of which is roughened, or fitted
with knives or other attacking surfaces, and in affixing to or forming on
the said cylindrical or other piece a pulley or space for the belt or other
clastic or flexible transmitter. When secured to the spindle hollow
handles are provided, but when free to rotate on the spindle handles are
formed at the ends.
It will be obvious that the form of the tool and the character of the
attacking surfaces may be greatly varied; the nature of the substance
operated on and the shape and kind of surface to be left render this
indispensible in practice.
The said tools are actuated or driven by the prime mover through or
by an endless clastic band passing over a grooved pulley fixed on a
revolving shaft; this admits of movement of a tool over wide ranges of

page_text: distance, or (6) an endless band, belt, rope, or chain, driven from a
shaft so placed that the workman can apply the tool direct to the said
band, belt, rope, or chain.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Paterson Smith, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th August 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PATERSON SMITH, Civil Engineer, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
Scotland, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-onc, in the
thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Paterson Smith, Her special
licence that I, the said John Paterson Smith, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Paterson Smith,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
terin therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ARTIZANS' AND MECHANICS' TOOLS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Paterson Smith, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
་
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Paterson Smith, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying

page_text: four Sheets of Drawings marked in order Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3, and
Sheet, and to the figures and letters thereon, that is to say:—
The object of my Invention is to provide for use by artizans, mechanics,
and other persons in workshops, and other places where power is avail-
able or can be obtained, portable tools by which various operations in ♬
cutting and shaping, such as drilling, boring, widening, filing, rasping,
grinding, and polishing metal, wood, stone, and other substances can be
performed in less time, at less cost, and with less manual exertion than
is now necessary when portable hand tools of ordinary kinds have to be
brought to or brought into position to act upon the article, piece, or 1
substance to be cut or shaped. For these purposes tools of novel cou-
struction have been devised and arranged to be driven in a new manner.
The distinguishing characteristics are, that whilst each tool is a portable
and movable tool capable of being guided and directed by the hand of
the operator, it receives its actuating or driving power through a band, 1
helt, rope, chain, or other clastic or flexible power transmitter driven
by a steam engine or other prime mover.
A tool suitable for drilling, boring, and widening, consists, according
to one modification under my Invention, of a central spindle, upon
which a pulley suitably formed to receive the driving band or other
elastic or flexible transmitter is fixed. The end of the said spindle is
formed with a socket or grippers to receive and hold the drill or other
cutting or abrading bit, and mechanism of any ordinary or suitable kind
is provided for advancing and withdrawing the said bit. Upon the said
spindle handles, or a handle, two are preferred, are so mounted that the
spindle can rotate within them, the workman grasps the handles and
guides and directs the tool to act on the desired part.
A tool suitable for filing, rasping, grinding, and polishing, with the
attacking surface on its circumference is constructed, according to one
modification under my Invention, by securing to or placing on a central
spindle a cylindrical, disc like, or picce, circular or nearly circular
in transverse section, the periphery of which is roughened or fitted with
knives or other attacking surfaces, and in affixing to or forming on the
said cylindrical or other piece a pulley or space for the belt or other
elastic or flexible transmitter. When secured to the spindle hollow
handles are provided, but when free to rotate on the spindle handles are
formed at the ends.

page_text: It will be obvious that the form of the tool and the character of the
attacking surfaces may be greatly varied; the nature of the substance
operated on and the shape and kind of surface to be left render this
indispensible in practice.
The said tools are actuated or driven by the prime mover through
or by an endless clastic band passing over a grooved pulley fixed on a
revolving shaft; this admits of movement of a tool over wide ranges of
distance, or (b) an endless band, belt, rope, or chain driven from a
shaft so placed that the workman can apply the tool direct to the said
band. belt. rope, or chain.
•
Sheet 1. Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing one method of operating
with the portable tool; e is an overhead shaft driven from the prime
mover by the belt fand pulley g. The shaft e is carried on bearings h, h,
and has planed on it a groove or key way i running the whole length
of the shaft. The pulley j is bored out for shaft and fitted with a key
or feather to suit the key bed in shaft e, and so mounted as to be
casily moved or shifted along the shaft to any position between the
bearings h, h, this pulley j has formed in its periphery a V groove to
receive the clastic or other endless band which conveys the motion
to the grooved pulley c of the portable tool. Z represents the work to
be operated upon held in the vice m attached to the workman's bench n.
The hands o, o, of the operator grasp the handles on the movable tool
and guide and direct it when in operation, as shown.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section, and Fig. 3 a side elevation of
a tool suitable for drilling, boring, widening, or other purposes similar
to the modification delineated in Fig. 1. a is the centre spindle having
one end formed as a socket to receive the drill or other tool b; on the
said centre spindle a is fixed the V grooved pulley c for receiving the
driving band or power transmitter. Upon said spindle a two tubular
or loose handles d, d, are mounted so that the spindle rotates within
them.
Fig. 4 is a modification in side elevation of the above described tool
applicable in circumstances where a greater pressure than that which
can be given by the hand is requisite. c is an adjusting screw; f, a

page_text: back centre nut which can be turned and forced up by hand by a
wrench or other suitable appliance.
Fig. is a side elevation, and a sectional clevation of means for
fixing drilling, boring, or other cutters in holders when tools are
arranged to be operated as portable hand tools under my Invention.
a is the cutter holder having one end formed to enter the socket of
the portable tool spindle; the other end is taper or cone shaped, with a
slit & to receive the small steel cutter d and the bridge of the taper
thimble c. The taper thimble c is bored out to fit the cone, and has
a bridge at the wide end to pass up the slit. The steel cutter bears on
this bridge, and. the harder the cutter is pressed on the work the firmner
the taper thimble compresses the slit cone and causes the slit cone to
grip the cutter.
Fig. 5 is a sectional plan, Fig. 6 a plan, and Fig. 7 an end elevation
of a single spur-geared boring, drilling, widening, or other tool specially
useful where the work to be done is of a heavier class than is suitable
for the modification delineated by Figs. 2, 3, and 4. a is a central
spindle having one end formed as a socket to receive the cutter b.
The V grooved pulley c is fixed on a counter spindled running in bearings
in the framic ę, which is also bored out to receive the centre spindle a
and back centre screw h. The counter spindle & has keyed on it a tooth
pinion which gears into a wheel g fixed on the centre spindle a. The
adjusting screw his fixed into the frame e by the cotter i and the box
screw back centre nut j is of an ordinary kind. is a handle fixed in
the revolving frame e, by means of which the driving pulley c and spur
pinion are carried round the periphery of the spur wheel g, thus
giving means for tightening up the driving band.
Fig. 8 is a sectional clevation, and Fig. 9 a side elevation of a level
gear tool suitable for operating in a horizontal, vertical, or angular
direction. a is the central spindle, having one end formed as a socket
to receive the tool b. The V grooved pulley c runs loose on a stud
handled fixed in the frame e, which latter is also bored out to receive
the central spindle a and back centre screw h. The grooved pulley c
has fixed on it a bevel tooth pinion which gears into and actuates the
wheel g on the centre spindle a. The adjusting screw is fixed into
framing by cotter and the box screw back centro nut is arranged
in the usual way.
.

page_text: Sheet 2. Fig. 10 is a section, and Fig. 11 a plan of a double geared
tool for very heavy work. « is the centre spindle with socket and
tool b. The V grooved pulley c runs loose on the back centre screw
stud . The counter spindle d runs in bearings in the frame e; the
frame e is also bored out to receive the central spindle a and the back
centre stud screw h. The grooved pulley c has formed on it a pinion b
which gears into a wheel g fixed on the counter spindle d. On the
counter spindle d is also keyed a tooth pinion ƒ whic gears into and
actuates a whcel g' on the centre spindle.
Fig. 12 is a section, Fig. 13 an elevation, and Fig. 14 an end elevation
of a tool suitable for filing or rasping. a is the centre spindle having
keyed on it the disc b. The grooved pulley c is fixed to disc b. The
disc d is free to move longitudinally on spindle a, and to adjust closer
to disc by screwing up the nut and jamb nut i, i. The circular file or
rasp, is of a T shape in cross section, and is held between the discs b
and d; it may be made in one or more pieces. On the spindle a two
loose guiding handles g, g, are mounted so that the spindle rotates
within them. Collars h, k, are provided to keep the handles in position.
Fig. 15 is a section, Fig. 16 an clevation, and Fig. 17 an end elevation
of a grinding or polishing tool. a is the centre spindle, on which are
fixed the disc or collar and V grooved pulley c. The disc d is free to
slide longitudinally on the spindle a and to adjust closer to disc b by
screwing up the nut e. The cylindrical grinder or polisher f is held
between the two collars 6 and d. On the spindle a two loose guiding
handles g, g, are mounted so that the spindle rotates within them, the
collars h, h, keep the handles in position on the spindle.
Fig. 18 is a section, Fig. 19 an end elevation, and Fig. 20 a front
elevation of a sawing or cutting tool. a is the centre spindle on which
the tubular bush b with enlarged collar b' for fixing saw freely revolves.
The V grooved pulley c is keyed on to tubular bush b. The collar or
disc d is free to slide on the tubular bush and the saw or cutter f is
held between the collars band d by screwing up the nut e. The
guiding handles g, g, may either be fixed to or free to rotate on the
spindle a.
Fig. 21 is a section, Fig. 22 a side elevation, Fig. 23 a transverse section
at the line Z, Z, and Fig. 24 an end elevation all of a stone chipping,
rasping, or lewing tool. a is the centre spindle on which revolves

page_text: freely the tubular bush with disc collar formed on same.
The
V grooved pulley c is keyed on to one end of tubular bush b. The
disc d is free to slide on the tubular bush b and the cutters are held
tight between the discs b' and d by screwing up the nut e. The
cutters are placed in radiating grooves formed to receive them in
the separating discs h, h, and the guarding handles are arranged as in
other modifications above described.
Sheet 3. Fig. 25 is a sectional elevation, Fig. 26 a side elevation,
Fig. 27 a transverse sectional elevation at the line x, x, and Fig. 28
an end elevation of another stone cutting tool, in which a is the central
spindle; b, a circular disc bored out to revolvo freely on spindle a.
The V grooved pulley is keyed on to disc b. The button-shaped
cutters fare fixed in slots formed in the periphery of disc b. The dust
guard is fixed to by the bar and nut i.
c
Fig. 29 is an elevation of a tool for cutting mouldings in wood or
other material. a is the central spindle; b, tubular disc or tool holder
bored out to revolve freely on the spindle a. The grooved pulley cis
keyed on to the tool holder b, and the cutters are fixed in a manner
suitable to the form to be cut.
Fig. 30 is a transverse sectional elevation, Fig. 31 a longitudinal :
sectional elevation, and Fig. 32 a side clevation of a wood planing,
chipping, or shaping tool. a is the centre spindle, on which is mounted
so as to revolve freely the cylindrical tool b. The V grooved pulley c
is formed on the side of 6, which is also shaped to receive the plane
irous held in position by the wedgos g, g. The tool revolves in the
direction shown by the arrow, and may either be mounted in handles
like Fig. 12 for being grasped direct by the hands of the artizan or fixed
in a lever or swing frame, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 30, to be
moved by one hand of the operator while his other hand is holding or
guiding the article to be shaped.
Fig. 33 is a front, and Fig. 34 an end clevation of overhead shaft with
grooved pulley, driving band, and tool, shewing an arrangement of parts
by which the driving band employed to actuate my said tools can be
easily and quickly lifted from the V groove pulley on the main shaft
when the tool is not at work, and accurately returning the band to the 3
pulley when it is desired to resume operations, thus obviating the great

page_text: inconveniences that at present exist in connection with pulleys and
bands.
Fig. 34 shows the arrangement of the apparatus and band when the
tool is at work, and Fig. 35 when not at work. The eye of the V
grooved pulley is adapted to receive on it the arm e. To the top end
of arm e are jointed the two radius legs f,f, which are bent at their
ends to the shape of an so as to receive the band. Jointed to f, ƒ, at
9, 9, are the two rods h, h, which are connected at the foot by the pin i.
When the workman pushes up the rods h, h, the radius rods f,f, expand
like an umbrella, and the hooks at the end take on to the band and
lift it clear of the pulley. The sliding ring g, j, fixes hand fand holds the
band in the position delineated in Fig. 35. Where the band is too long
for the position of the work to be operated on it may be shortened by
being passed over a deflecting pulley or pulleys as shewn by dotted lines
in Fig. 34, where k is a plate fixed in any conventional position and
having a stud provided with a moveable arm or stud m, on which
is mounted the deflecting pulleys n. The band is passed if required
over n.
Sheet 4. Fig. 36 is a side elevation of a girder with tools operating on
same at various points actuated by an endless band, belt, rope, or chain.
8 is a movable frame consisting of parallel rails movable vertically and.
adapted to be fixable to the frames wc, w, by bolts passing through the
slots in same. is the fixed V grooved or chain driving pulley which
gives motion to the endless band p. q' is the return pulley in sliding
bearings carried in the framing & provided with back balance weight
and chain to tighten up the band, rope, or chain p. c, c, c, are carriages
with tools operating at different points on the girder shown.
Fig. 37 is a transverse section, Fig. 38 a side, and Fig. 39 an end
clevation of one form of the boring, drilling, widening, or other cutters
with carriages adapted for use in Fig. 36. a is the tool spindle with
one and formed as a socket to receive the cutting tool b. On a is
mounted the V grooved pulley c which has a fixed key with a corre-
sponding long key bed d in the spindle a to allow the said spindle tool
to advance longitudinally. The cutter is kept up to its work by means
of the back centre nut e and screw worked by the hand wheel and is
kept in position in the frame by the cover i. Cover i is fixed to the
flange on the frame h. The saddle or carriage frame j has a socket to
I,

page_text: receive, fix, and adjust vertically the tool and frame by means of the
set screw and nut. The said saddle or carriage is adjusted and fixed
longitudinally on the parallel frame rail 8, 8, by the said screw and
nut to give the rope or band additional bite" on the V grooved
pulley c. Deflecting pulleys m, m, are provided which revolve freely
on studs n,, fixed in slots o, o, formed in the saddle casting j.
"
Fig. 40 is a sectional clevation, Fig. 41 also a sectional elevation, and
Fig. 42 a side elevation of a tool to be used in a similar way to that
last described, but in which the cutter is kept up to the work by means
of a buffer spring instead of being worked forward by the hand of the
operator, and in this way is made self-acting after being started to the
work. a is the central spindle having one end formed as a socket to
receive the tool b; on this centre spindle a is mounted the pulley c
which has a key with corresponding slot d cut in the spindle a to allow
the spindle to slide longitudinally and keep the tool up to the work by 1
means of the volute spring e which is compressed by the back centre
screw and dise and nut hand wheel g. The frame is bored out for
spindle a and. adapted to receive the volute spring c. The cover i iş
fixed to by means of screws. The frame h is attached to the carriage
frame by means of bolts; j is attached to the parallel rail of frame s
by the bolt an plate. The deflecting pulleys m, m, are mounted on
spindles n, n, carried on bearings o, o, in the carriage j.
Fig. 40, shows the position of the parts after drilling one hole, the
drill having passed through the plate p' under operation; Fig. 41 shows
the drill or cutter drawn back and the whole ready to commence anew
immediately upon the hand wheel being screwed back to allow the
spring to come into action."
It will be evident that the most convenient kind of band to be used
with the modifications of tools delineated on Sheets 1, 2, and 3 are
clastic bands. I would have it understood, however, that I do not con- 3
linc myself to the use of clastic bands, as flexible bands, cords, or chains
are equally suitable for many purposes. A cotton cord is convenient
for use in the modifications delineated on Sheet 1.
It will also be evident that although a dust guard is only shown on
Figs. 25, 26, and 28, dust guards or protectors may be applied to any 3
of the modifications of tools.

page_text: Further the lever frames, shown by Fig. 30 and described herein, may
be applied in any of the modifications.
Having now described the nature of my said Invetion, and par-
ticularized the same in such manner that others will be enabled not
only to make but also to use my said tools, I claim the tools and
mode of operating the same, all substantially as described for the
purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Paterson Smith, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one. In the presence of John Holmes, residing at Kenmore,
Porthshire N R
J. P. SMITH. (L.s.)
JOHN HOLMES, witness.