IMPROVEMENTS MANUFACTURE OF TUBES AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hesketh Hughes, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
MANUFACTURE OF TUBES AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 10th May 1867, and dated the 14th November 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hesketh Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1866.
I, HESKETH HUGHES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer;
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in imparting to the tube or other article. whether
solid or hollow, shapes or designs which are partly raised above and partly
depressed below the original surface of the tube or other article. For the
purpose of producing that part of the shape or design which is raised above
the original surface of a tube or other hollow article I use an expanding
mandril with rolls or dies therein inserted in the article about to be shaped or
ornamented in combination with dies or rolls applied to the exterior thereof.
For the purpose of producing that part of the shape or design which is
depressed below the original surface of any tube or other article I use dies or
Price Sl1

page_text: rolls or holes with rolls in them capable of opening to receive or take out the
article in process of manufacture, .and closing with power sufficient to reduce
the diameter or portions of the same, as may be desired.
For some work I use the rolling mill described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me dated 5th October 1865, No. 2553, instead of
dies and other parts in combination with the expanding mandril which sup-
ports and partly shapes the interior surface while the rolls close in and partly
shape the exterior surface of the article operated upon. Sometimes I use an
ordinary lathe head having a chuck with a screwed hole in its centre; into
this chuck a mandril of suitable size, viz., equal to the smallest interior
f diameter of the design about to be produced is placed.. Upon the bed of the
lathe is a sliding carriage in which are fixed the shaping dies, rolls, and other
parts with traversing motion or otherwise. The tools in the sliding carriage
are dies cut to the design or round holes having small rolls with the design
cut, turned, or engraved thereon. The dies are made in sections so as to open
or close by screw or other suitable mechanical power; the holes may be in
sections or not; the roll or rolls having the design thereon is or are fitted with
a rising or falling motion possessing sufficient power to shape the tube or
other article in the desired manner.
The operation of this machine is as follows:-The tube is threaded upon
the mandril, and must be of sufficient length to fill up the space between a
collar on the mandril and the surface of the screwed chuck, and is then placed
between the dies or shaping tools.. The screwed end of the mandril is
inserted into the chuck and screwed up until the piece of tube is held tightly
between the collar on the mandril and the surface of the chuck at the other
end; the shaping tools are then brought down upon the tube while the lathe
is giving a rotary motion to the tube and mandril; the design is then imparted
to the tube, or as much of it as the width of the tools will admit of; the dies
are now opened and the sliding carriage containing the tools is moved a step
forward and the operation repeated, taking care to screw up tightly the tube
between the collars before bringing the tools into action. Sometimes I use
the dies and rolls in combination, and for some designs the whole may
be geared to act simultaneously or alternately. Tn. some cases use a lathe
with a sliding bar passing through the head and revolving therewith, the tube
being attached to the sliding bar with a mandril passing through it, and being
kept screwed up tightly between two collars, as herein-before described, or the
expanding mandril may be used, or no mandril whatever. The tube or rod
passes through two or more adjustable rolls suitably framed, fixed firmly to the
bed of the lathe, and which rolls having the design cut, engraved, or turned

page_text: thereon are geared so as to draw the tube through them while the tube is
revolving and the bar sliding in concert with the drawing rolls; the article
may be partly raised or shaped, then annealed and passed through the machine
as many times as may be necessary to produce the design. In place of the
drawing rolls I sometimes use two endless chains of dies or one endless chain
of rolls having the pattern cut thereon working in a hole having a longitudinal
slit in it and arranged to impart the design gradually to the tube or other
article.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Hesketh Hughes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th May, 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HESKETH
HUGHES, of Birmingham, in the
the County of Warwick, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the 'thirtieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Hesketh Hughes, Her special licence that I, the said Hesketh
Hughes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Hesketh Hughes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein. expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Hesketh Hughes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
'
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hesketh Hughes, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement

page_text: thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to
say:
My Invention consists in imparting to the tube or other article, whether
solid or hollow, shapes or designs which are partly raised above and partly
depressed below the original surface of the tube or other article. For the
purpose of producing that part of the shape or design which is raised above
the original surface of a tube or other hollow article 1 use an expanding
mandril with one or more rolls or dies therein inserted in the article about to be
shaped or ornamented in combination with dies or rolls applied to the exterior
thereof.
Figure of the accompanying Drawings is a longitudinal vertical section of
an apparatus for carrying out this part of my Invention. a is a mandril, and
b is a roll inserted in a hole or recess therein, as seen more clearly in the plan
.view, Figure 2. The axes of the roll bare free to turn in bearings in a small
carriage c; d, e, are two collars fitted loosely on the mandril, and serving to
keep the roll b in place, and also as bearing surfaces for the tube. The
collar d is kept in place by a ring f secured by a pin g passed through it and
the mandril; the collar e is kept in place by a pin also passed through the
mandril; is a filling or supplementary tube; i is a wedge piece or expander
inserted longitudinally into a groove in the bottom of the mandril. The
tapered end of this piece comes against the under side of the carriage c, which
is inclined to correspond therewith. This mandril or tool is inserted into the
tube to be operated on, and rotary motion is imparted to the tube by any
convenient power; the rotation of the tube causes the rotation of the roll band
of the two collars d, e; and as the rotation is proceeding the expander i is
forced gradually inwards, so as to force up the carriage c and roll b, whereby
the portion of the tube in contact with the roll is expanded. h, h, are outer
dies against which the tube is expanded. I do not limit myself to any
particular method of forcing in the expander, but prefer that shown in the
Drawing, consisting of a threaded rod provided with a handle m, and working
in a female thread in the end of the mandril a; the inner end of the rod is
formed with an annular groove n, into which a hook or catch o on the end of
the expander takes. Sometimes I form the outer peripheries of the collars
d, e, with any design required to be imparted to the tube. For the purpose
of producing that part of the shape or design which is depressed below the
original surface of any tube or other article I use dies or rolls or holes with
rolls in them capable of opening to receive or take out the article in process
of manufacture, and closing with power sufficient to reduce the diameter or
portions of the same as may be desired.

page_text: Figure 3 shows an apparatus with expanding and contracting dies for
shaping the exterior of an article. a is a toothed wheel driven by a pinion b;
the wheel a is formed with an excentric rib c which takes into recesses in
upper and lower dies d, d. As the wheel a rotates the rib c brings the
dies d gradually closer together, so as to produce a depression in the tube or
other article e, which is at the same time rotated; the rib then expands the
dies and allows them to be moved so as to act on another portion of the tube.
Instead of the dies d rolls may be used, as shown at a in Figure 4, the rolls
being made to produce the depression by being forced in. by a screw b; the
rolla is held in a frame c, and works through a hole in a plate d, as shown.
I use
For some work I use the rolling mill described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me, dated October 5th, 1865, No. 2553, instead of
dies or other parts in combination with the expanding mandril, which
supports and partly shapes the interior surface, while the rolls close in and
partly shape the exterior surface of the article operated upon. Sometimes
e an ordinary lathe head having a chuck with a screw-threaded hole
in its centre, as seen in Figure 5, in which a is the chuck of a lathe head
with a threaded hole, into this chuck a mandril b of suitable size,. viz., equal
to the smallest interior diameter of the design about to be produced, is placed.
Upon the bed of the lathe is a sliding carriage in which are fixed the shaping
dies, rolls, or tools c with traversing motion or otherwise. The tools in the
sliding carriage may be dies cut to the design, or round holes having small
rolls (as in Figure 4) with the design cut, turned, or engraved thereon;
the dies are made in sections so as to open or close by screw or other suitable
mechanical power; the holes may be in sections or not. The roll or rolls
having the design thereon, is or are fitted with a rising and falling motion (as
in Figure 3) possessing sufficient power to shape the tube or other article in
the desired manner.
The operation of this machine is as follows:-The tube d is threaded
upon the mandril b, and must be of sufficient length to fill up the space
between a collar e on the mandril and the surface of the screwed chuck a,
and is then placed between the dies or shaping tools c; the screwed end
of the mandril bis inserted into the chuck and screwed up by a hand
wheel until the piece of tube d is held tightly between the collar e on the
mandril and the surface of the chuck at the other end; the shaping tools c
are then brought down upon the tube while the lathe is giving a rotary motion
to the tube and mandril; the .design is then imparted to the tube, or as
much of it as the width of the tools will admit of; the dies are now opened

page_text: and the sliding carriage containing the tools is moved a step forward and the
operation repeated, taking care to screw up tightly the tube between the
collars before bringing the tools into action, or while they are in action.
Sometimes I use the dies and rolls in combination, and for some designs
the whole may be geared to act simultaneously or alternately.
In some
cases I use a lathe with a sliding bar, as represented in Figure 6, in which a
is the bar passing through the head b of the lathe and revolving with the
lathe pulley c, the tube being attached to the sliding bar a with a mandril
passing through it, and being kept held tightly between two collars e, f,
or the expanding mandril may be used, or no mandril whatever. The Lube
or rod passes through two or more adjustable rolls, one of which is seen
at g; this roll is turned by a handle or otherwise, and a toothed wheel i
on its shaft drives another roll at the other side of the tube; the frame. k
of these rolls is fixed firmly to the bed of the lathe, the rolls having the
design cut, engraved, or turned thereon are geared so as to draw the tube
through them, while the tube is revolving and the bar a sliding in concert
with the drawing rolls the article may be partly raised or shaped, then
annealed and passed through the machine as many times as may be necessary
to produce the design. The bar a has a feather to allow it to slide, and at
the same time revolve with the pulleys c; another similar bar a' at the other
end of the tube d is connected in a similar manner to another lathe head or
pinion, but for short lengths of tube or rod one bar a will be sufficient.
In place of the drawing rolls I sometimes use two. endless chains of dies,
or one endless chain of rolls, having the pattern cut thereon, working in a
hole having a longitudinal slot in it, and arranged to impart the design
gradually to the tube or other article; this arrangement is represented in
Figure 7. A, B, are two endless chains of dies or rolls between which the
tube or other article C is passed, these chains cach work in a hole or
aperture of proper size in a box or frame and in the upper part of the lower
box, and in the lower part of the, upper box there is a slot to allow the rolls
to protrude and act upon the tube C. In some cases I make the rolls or dies
cutters so as to sever the tube or other article into short lengths.
:
Figure 8 is a view of an ornamental tube, being a specimen of what I am
enabled to manufacture from a plain tube by means of my Invention.
Improve-
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the saine is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my
ments in the Manufacture of Tubes and other Articles and in the Apparatus
employed therein,"

page_text: First, the manufacture of ornamental tubes by raising designs above the
original surface thereof by means of an expanding mandril or tool insorted in
the tube in combination with dies or rolls applied to the exterior thereof,
substantially in manner herein-before described.
Second, constructing expanding mandrils or tools, substantially as herein-
before described and represented in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Third, constructing apparatus for producing depressions in tubes or other
articles, or for employment in combination with an expanding mandril or tool
inserted in a tube of dies or rolls capable of opening to receive or remove the
tube or other article and of closing or approaching each other with suffi-
cient power, substantially as herein-before described and represented at
Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying Drawings.
. Fourth, constructing apparatus substantially as herein-before described
with reference to Figure 5 of the accompanying Drawings, in such manner
that the article under treatment is held tightly at both ends while the tools
are in action.
Fifth. constructing apparatus arranged and acting substantially as herein-
before described with reference to Figure 6 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth, constructing apparatus of one or two endless chains of dies or rolls
arranged and acting substantially as herein-before described with reference to
Figure of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof. I, the said Hesketh Hughes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-seven.
HESKETH HUGHES. (L.s.)