matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR TRIMMING WALL PAPERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
November 1874.-Partly a communication from abroad by Henry
L. Todd, of Corning, New York, United States of America.
I, JOHN BURLING, of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR TRIMMING
WALL PAPERS," being partly my own Invention, and partly a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Henry L. Todd, of Corning, New York,
United States of America (to be as follows) :—
This Invention relates to wall papers or paper hangings, and consists
in improved machinery or apparatus for cutting off one of the unprinted
selvages or borders of the paper, which operation is at present generally
done by scissors worked by hand. In the framework or end frames of
the machine there are notches & holes for holding and adjusting
various boards and rollers forming parts of the machine. In bearings in
the end frames there are two rollers, one above the other, and to each
roller is fixed a knife or cutter about three inches from the end, the

page_text: knives being made of steel similar to that used in the manufacture of
saws, and on the left side of the machine there is a wheel or pulley
attached to one roller, and at the other side a handle.
At the front of the machine there is a board, about three inches wide,
with a groove in the centre of its upper side, which groove allows 5
another board of the same width to move backwards and forwards by
means of two metal or wooden pins fixed in the middle of the lower side
of the upper board. At the ends of this upper board there are brackets
in which is held and adjusted a wire or spindle on which is placed the
paper ready for the operation of the machine, and the upper board is also 1
grooved on each edge for the purpose of enabling a small bracket to
move backwards or forwards to allow of different widths of paper, and
to keep the paper in position, whilst being trimmed.
At the back of the machine there is a slit roller on which the paper is
rolled after it is trimmed, there being at one end of the roller a pulley 1
turned by band from the pulley on one of the knife rollers, and for
guiding the paper to the slit roller there are two boards kept the proper
distance apart by two blocks, one at each end.
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC COUPLING FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Henckel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
June 1874.
I, JOSEPH HENCKEL, of the City of Manchester, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC
COUPLING FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGONS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct and apply to railway
carriages and wagons an automatic form of coupling, which shall
obviate the necessity of a railway porter having to pass between the
carriages or wagons in order to couple them together, as at present
practised, and consists as applied to a railway carriage of an arm
mounted upon a horizontal pin at the end of the carriage, the front
extremity of this arm being V'd or formed with a double hook in cross
section, thus
'
in order that when such hook is pushed between a
pair of spring checks mounted on a similar horizontal pin on the
carriage, to which it is required to be coupled, such spring cheeks will
open or yield sufficiently sideways to allow the double hooked portion of

page_text: the arm to pass V'd or correspondingly shaped projections formed on the
inner sides of such spring cheeks, which such projections being instantly
released will close behind the double hook, and thus the carriages will
be effectually coupled together.
In order to uncouple the carriages I arrange a horizontal rod beneath
the carriage capable of turning partially upon its axis, an connect the
double hooked arm of my automatic coupling to a short arm upon this
rod by means of a suitable connecting link, and thus by having a lever
at either extremity of the rod I can by partially turning such rod bring
the double hook into a vertical or horizontal position, and thus release
it from contact with the spring cheeks; or the spring cheeks may be
similarly connected to a horizontal rod beneath the carriage for the same
purpose, and to avoid the necessity of turning a railway carriage com-
pletely round in order to bring the double looked portion opposite to the
spring cheeks and vice versa.
I prefer to use my improved coupling in duplicate, and thus to have
a pair of spring checks and a double hook fitted side by side at cach end
of the carriage, but worked by a single rod.
AN IMPROVED TRAP FOR CISTERNS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Alfred Henty at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1874.
I, GEORGE ALFRED HENTY, of Notting Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED TRAP FOR CISTERNS," to be as follows:-
:―
The object of this Invention is to prevent sewer gases from entering
cisterns by the waste pipe and poisoning the water contained therein.
It is not unfrequently the case that waste pipes are directly connected
with the sewer, and it is seldom obvious that this pernicious practice has
not been resorted to either through carelessness or for the sake of
economy. To provide against the ill effects arising from making the
waste pipe a conduit for sewer gases into the house I trap the waste
pipe by fitting to the upper end thereof an annular vessel, the inner
wall of which is lower, say, by half an inch, more or less, than the outer
wall, and placing in the vessel a bell-shaped piece which will cover the
open end of the waste pipe. The outer wall of the vessel will serve to
gauge the water level of the cistern, and the waste pipe I cut down to

page_text: the level of the inner wall of the vessel. The trap may be made of
metal, glass, or carthenware, and it may be fixed in any convenient
manner to the top of the waste pipe. The water as it rises to the top of
the cistern will flow into the trap and discharge down the waste
pipe, but as the water level in the cistern falls there will be no tendency
for the water in the trap to run back into the cistern; the trap however
will be emptied of its polluted water and refilled at every refilling of the
cistern. If desired the bell-shaped piece or cover may have an opening
for the upward discharge of the gases from the waste pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECTROSCOPES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ladd and Adam
Hilger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th September 1874.
We, WILLIAM LADD and ADAM HILGER, of Beak Street, Regent
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Philosophical Instrument Makers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SPECTROSCOPES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention of improvements in spectroscopes is to
simplify the construction of these instruments, and at the same time to
render them more perfect and accurate in principle of construction than
instruments of the ordinary kind.
The principal improvement consists in making the prisms of a novel
form, whereby at whatever angle of the prism an observation is taken,
it may be always at right angles to the face through which the image
Prisms in ordinary spectroscopes are usually mado with flat
surfaces, and object glasses are adapted to the collimating and observing
tubes for the purpose of magnifying the image.
is seen.

page_text: By our Invention we are enabled to dispense with the lenses, to which
end we make one face of the prisms curved in the form of part of the
side of a cylinder, and to these curved faces are adapted the collimating
and observing tubes of the instrument.
In carrying out our Invention the improved prisms may either be
mounted in the tubes so as to admit of being moved therewith when it
is required to alter or change the relative angles of the prisms, or the
prisms may be fixed in suitable fittings, and the tubes adapted to the
curved surface thereof in such a manner that they may be moved over
the same to any position according to the angle required.
An Improvement IN OPEN FIRE-PLaces
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Meldrum at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
February 1874.
I, EDWARD MELDRUM, of Dechmont, in the County of Linlithgow,
North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "An Improvement IN OPEN FIRE-PLaces," to be as follows, that
is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to economise the fuel burnt in open
fire-places without departing from the ordinary open fire-grate, by causing
heat therefrom to be taken up and circulated by air instead of passing
in large quantities up the chimney as at present, and it consists in
forming a double casing so as to enclose an air space round the surfaces
which are heated by contact with and by conduction and radiation from
the fuel.
It is preferred to have the double casing at the bottom, top, sides, and
back of the fire-place, although a portion of these surfaces so encased
will fulfil the object of my Invention to a diminished extent.

page_text: The space is open in front between the outer and inner shells forming
the double casing, or it may be covered with ornamental perforated
plates.
The air of the apartment. passes in at the bottom between the outer
and inner casings, and becomes heated in its passage through and 5
between the spaces, and it escapes by the upper portion of the double
casing into the room or place required to be heated.
The double casing constituting the Invention as applied to open fire-
places is placed into the chimney space now occupied by the ordinary
open fire-grate, and the size of this chimney space will only be reduced 1
by the width of the double casing all round and at the back.
An ordinary open grate or a dog grate may be placed in the interior
now forming the chimney space in the same manner hitherto practised
in open fire-places, or fire-bars may be fastened to the inner shell and
form part thereof.
A small flue or chimney passing through the double casing, but not
communicating with the enclosed space, is provided at the top, through
which the smoke and products of combustion escape into the ordinary
chimney of the apartment, and the size of this small flue may be
regulated by a movable plate or damper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING METALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sykes, Thomas Salmon
Bateman, and Joseph Mellard at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th January 1874.
We, JOHN SYKES, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster,
Furnaceman, THOMAS SALMON BATEMAN, of the same Place, and JOSEPH
MELLARD, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Hammerman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR ROLLING METALS," to be as follows:-
it
Our Invention is particularly applicable for rolling railway axles, but
be applied for other purposes.
may
Our improved machinery consists of a pair of rollers mounted on
axles, set diagonally, and to which rotary motion is given by steam
or other power. These axles are made to swivel at one end, and the
other ends, to which the rollers are fixed, are made to approach and
recede from each other by worms, wheels, and screws or other
equivalents.
The axle or other article to be rolled is supported on a table, which

page_text: In rolling a railway axle we first pass the bar of which it is to be
made between the rollers, the diagonal position of which combined with
the rotary motion draws the bar endwise along the table, when the bar
has passed through the direction of motion of the rollers is reversed and
the bar is traversed back in the contrary direction. These motions are
repeated until the bar has been reduced to the diameter of the largest
part of the axle. The operator then reduces the diameter of the axle in
the centre by causing the rollers to approach and again recede from each
other, and he is guided in this by an indicator, the finger of which is
moved by the machinery which moves the rollers to and fro; the ]
partially formed axle is then cut to its proper length by circular saws as
usual, and the journals are then formed at each end by causing the
rollers to approach each other to the required extent, and during the
formation of the journals the end motion of the axle is arrested by a
cross bar.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN HORSE- SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Turnbull at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1874.
I, SAMUEL TURNBULL, of Leyton, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN HORSE-
SHOES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to afford a ready and inexpensive means of
enabling horses to retain their footing on slippery surfaces, and consists
in the application for this purpose to horse-shoes of what may be
termed calkins of felt or equivalent material.
The shoe is made with prongs near the heel or in other position, which
prongs enclose bevelled slots, into which small blocks of felt are forced,
the felt being securely held therein owing to the dovetailed form of the
slot to which it readily adapts itself. A considerable thickness of felt
projects from the surface of the shoe, and the slots are so disposed that
the horse in slipping tends to tighten the felt therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF WATER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alfred Wanklyn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd December 1874.
I, JAMES ALFRED WANKLYN, of Charlotte Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Professor of Chemistry, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF WATER," to be
as follows:-
The Clark process for softening water, Patent dated 8th March 1841,
No. 8875, although applicable to water the hardness of which is due to
bicarbonates of lime and magnesia, is not applicable to water the hard-
ness of which is due to lime and magnesia existing in other states of
combination than bicarbonate.
The object of my Invention is to extend the application of the Clark
process to those other waters to which it is not at present applicable,
and this object I attain by the use of carbonate or bicarbonates of soda,
or of other soluble carbonates or bicarbonates which will effect the
decomposition of the salts of lime and magnesia, and yield carbonates or
bicarbonates of lime or magnesia, to which the usual Clark process is

page_text: then applicable. After having thus treated water containing soluble
salts of lime or of magnesia other than or in conjunction with bicarbonato
of limo, I then submit the same to the treatment of what is known as
the Olark process.
It will be evident that the softening process which I havo described |
may be employed either as a preliminary process or in conjunction with
the lime or Clark's process, in order that the desired results may bo
simultaneously obtained.
The amount of soluble carbonates or bicarbonates to be employed for
effecting the softening of the water will of course depend upon the
amount of the salts of lime and magnesia contained in the water in a
form other than that of bicarbonate, and the amount of the carbonates or
of bicarbonates employed will be in equivalent proportions to those salts
or compounds contained in the water to be treated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE SPEED OF ENGINES AND THEIR SHAFTS, AND REGISTERING THE REVOLUTIONS OF SAME, WHICH MAY ALSO BE APPLIED AS A SPEED REGULATOR OR GOVERNOR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Hogg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1874.
I, ANDREW HOGG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE SPEED OF ENGINES AND THEIR SHAFTS, AND
REGISTERING THE REVOLUTIONS OF SAME, WHICH MAY ALSO BE APPLIED AS A SPEED
REGULATOR OR GOVERNOR," to be as follows:-`
This Invention relates to a new method of indicating on a guage,
index, dial, or other suitable appliance, the number of revolutions of
steam and other engines and their shafts and recording engine per-
formance.
The apparatus may be also applied as a speed regulator or governor-
for regulating and controlling the speed of engines by actuating the
throttle or other valve and thus preventing "racing.",
:
An apparatus constructed according to this Invention consists of a
hydraulic cylinder within which works a ram. On one side of the ram
•
.

page_text: there is formed a tapered slot or groove gradually diminishing towards the
top of the ram and widening towards the base thereof. A suitable dis-
tance up the cylinder is provided with a transverse slot so arranged
that it will intersect the vertical tapered slot on the ram, so that as the
ram rises the water or other liquid finds its way up the tapered slot in
the ram and escapes through the transverse slot in the cylinder, in
proportion to the speed with which the water is pumped into the
cylinder, and the distance the ram is lifted and the space opened for
overflow, for as the ram rises the overflow is increased, and as the ram
falls the overflow. is cut off. Underneath the hydraulic cylinder there is
fitted a suitable hydraulic pump which is by preference double acting.
The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the pump by means of a pipe
which enters the cylinder immediately below the ram with the tapered
slot. Below the pump there may be fitted a small reservoir or tank, and
round the cylinder there is fitted a casing to carry away the overflow

page_text: When it is required to indicate the revolutions a head and revolutions
astern of the engines, two apparatus can be used which will record
respectively ahead and astern.
When the apparatus is applied as a speed regulator or governor for
motive-power engines, the ram is connected by suitable gear to the
throttle or other valve of the engines, and will open or shut the valve
according to the speed of the pump which is attached to the apparatus.
The pump for actuating the apparatus may be of any suitable kind,
and worked from any moving part of the engines as will be understood
by means of an eccentric, crank, lever, or otherwise.
For working this apparatus water, oil, or other liquid may be used,
but by preference glycerine as being a non-freezing liquid is pre-
ferred.
IMPROVED THREAD CUTTER SUITABLE FOR CUTTING SCREWS IN WOOD OR METAL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1874.
I, WILLIAM DART, Cabinet Maker, of Totnes, in the County of
«AN
Devon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVED THREAD CUTTER SUITABLE FOR CUTTING SCREWS IN WOOD OR METAL," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved method of making the
female screw in wood or metal, whereby labour is economised and a
better worm is formed. For this purpose I proceed as follows:-I take
a round piece of iron about an inch in diameter and two or three inches
in length, one end thereof being suitably shaped to go into a centre bit,
and the other end being made slightly hollow and having a small screw
thread formed thereon a little below the top, and in the portion pro-
jecting above such screw thread I form an opening of about one fifth in

page_text: diameter of the entire circumference, and I then attach this thread
cutter to any ordinary centre bit and commence drilling therewith in the
usual way. By this means I secure the advantage of forming a worm of
a uniform size throughout, and with far greater facility than has
hitherto been practicable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLATING ROOrs
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Laidman Parker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st July 1874.
I, THOMAS LAIDMAN PARKER, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SLATING ROOrs," to be as follows, that is to say:-
1
This Invention which relates to a new or improved method of utilizing
slates for covering roofs, has for its object to economise the number or
quantity of slates employed over any given area.
According to the present method of applying slates for the purpose
set forth they are placed square or parallel to the length of the roof, and
thus a considerable proportion of each slate is employed in overlapping
adjacent slates.

page_text: Under the system of slating constituting this Invention the slates in
place of being situated square or parallel with the roof are placed
diagonally thereto or nearly so, and thereby a very considerable economy
is effected, the necessary overlap by this improved method being
obtained while effecting a saving of about thirty per cent. in the
number or quantity of slates required.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Connell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
February 1874.
I, JOHN CONNELL, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Manufacturer's Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS,” to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the production of a certain class of
ornamental fabrics of a substantial character and superior finish in a
very simple and economical manner.
The Invention may be carried into effect by means of very few leaves
of heddles, but at the same time figurings or other ornamental effects
may be superadded or incorporated by means of additional heddles or
jacquard harness or other pattern apparatus.
Two distinct warps are used; one termed the working warp being a
comparatively fine one, and interweaving with coarser or thicker wefts,
which latter mainly form the surfaces of the fabric. The other warp is
termed a dead or stuffer warp, and is not interwoven with the wefts

page_text: (although the wefts occasionally cross through it in forming the orna-
mental effects).
Wefts of different colors are used, and may be considered as consisting
of two sets, each set being of only one color; or one set being of one
color, and the other of various colors, so as to form stripes across the
fabric; or both sets may be of various colors to form different stripes.
In a simple modification of the fabric the warps are shed so that one
set of wefts is kept entirely above and the other entirely below the
dead warps, and the result is like what is known as double or two-faced
cloth, the appearance on the two sides being quite different.
The colors on the two sides may be in strong contrast with each other,
the introduction of the dead warp, which should be of a neutral shade
or tint, attaining the important object of preventing the colors on one
side from showing through to the other side, at the same time that it
makes the fabric firmer and more substantial.
.
In other modifications the heddles are arranged so that each set of
wefts is thrown partly to one side and partly to the other side, or more
intricate effects are produced by jacquard harness. In all cases each
surface of the fabric presents the appearance of plain weaving or simple
twilling, which is due to the operation of the heddles acting on the
working warps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING OR OPERATING REVOLVING SHUTTERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Todd and Edwin Wright
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th November 1874.
We, ALFRED TODD, of Bradford, in the County of York, and EDWIN
WRIGHT, of Leeds, in the same County, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING OR
OPERATING REVOLVING SHUTTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to window shutters of the class known as
revolving, which are those constructed of wood laggs, staves, or narrow
bars hinged together, and capable of being wound upon or around a
roller when not in use, or when covering or enclosing the window, and
the improvements consist,-
Firstly. In the application of one, two, or more segment discs to the
roller, spindle, or shaft, so formed as to take into a rack or racks formed
on or fixed to the supporting brackets that by the rotation of the roller
a lateral movement will be given to the shaft, and thereby maintain the
surface of the roller in line with the shutter slide or groove that the
shutters move in, thus compensating for the roller becoming larger in

page_text: diameter by each lap or layer of the wood laggs being wound thereon;
also in providing a box or trough in which the rack or racks are fixed to
contain oil or other lubricant, in which the discs and bearings of the
roller revolve, thereby diminishing friction and rendering revolving
shutters easy of operation or being worked, and more durable by pre-
venting corrosion, and consequently wear and tear thereof.
Secondly. In applying to the ordinary screw, worm, or scroll plate, or
spiral rim disc for producing lateral movement of the roller a trough to
contain oil or lubricant in a similar manner to that described in the first
part, and for the same purpose; and instead of having the neck or axis
outside of the scroll plate we have the same inside, which enables us to
reduce the diameter of the said scroll plate by about one-half, thereby
diminishing not only friction but first cost in the construction of the
apparatus.
Thirdly. In the application and direct connection and combination
with the ordinary coiled spring self-acting motion of roller blinds of the
said screw or scroll plate and oil trough, as described in the second part,
so as to render the same applicable to revolving shutters, thus making
them self-acting or partially so. This we effect in the following manner:―
We have the spring box and the scroll plate attached to each other, and
the roller shaft to work loose within or through the same and also
through the roller, one end of the spring being attached to the box
and the other to the shaft, the shaft being prevented from rotating
by having the end made flat to slide in a slot of the bracket or bearing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING GAS RETORTS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander William Ledingham
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th March 1874.
I, ALEXANDER WILLIAM LEDINGHAM, of Aberdeen, in the County of
Aberdeen, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING GAS RETORTS AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the cleaning of gas retorts in a
simple, convenient, and comparatively expeditious manner, and it con
sists in directing a strong current or jet of atmospheric air against the
carbonaceous deposit which adheres to the inside of the retorts, and the
accumulation of which seriously diminishes the efficiency and capacity
of the retorts.
The application is made whilst the carbonaceous deposit is in a red hot
state, and by means of a pipe or nozzle introduced at the open end of the
retort and directed by the operator in succession to the different parts of
the deposit.

page_text: The pipe or nozzle may have in connection with it a screen or cover
partly closing the mouth of the retort, and protecting the operator from
the gases and incandescent matters ejected from the retort.
The air may be supplied to the pipe or nozzle by means of any suitable
known kind of blowing or air forcing apparatus.
A current of air corresponding to a pressure of about twelve inches of
water is found in practice to answer the purpose, but the time required
for the operation may be reduced by increasing the strength of the
current.
AN IMPROVED CHARCOAL VENTILATOR FOR SEWERS AND DRAINS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1874.
I, EDWARD JOHNSON, of No. 8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Sanitary Inspector, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHARCOAL VENTILATOR FOR
SEWERS AND DRAINS," to be as follows:―
My Invention consists of a conical metal tube, fitted internally with
a conical framework of strong wire (the wire may be of iron, brass,
copper, or other suitable metal); the wire framework extends the whole
length of the metal tube, the space between the two being about two
inches. This space is filled in with charcoal in small lumps about the
size of horse beans, or with a mixture of charcoal and sulphite of lime or
other disinfectant. The metal conical tube thus arranged with an
internal basket of charcoal I place in the centre of the sewer man-hole,
the top of the tube being closely fitted to the grid on the top of the
man-hole, and as closely fitted on to the crown of the sewer or a
platform placed some distance above the crown of the sewer, where the
depth from the surface of the roadway to the crown of the sewer exceeds
ten or twevle feet. On either side externally to the base of this conical
tube I insert a small tube also of a conical shape, and carry the same
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDUCTION COILS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henry Courtenay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd June 1874.
I, ROBERT HENRY COURTENAY, of Meyrick Road, Clapham Junction,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDUCTION COILS," to be as follows :-
-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a compound
induction coil, whereby a large increase of power by induction is
obtained from an amount of copper wire equal to that used in the
construction of the ordinary coils, the improved coils requiring only
the same amount of battery power to accomplish double the work.
The improved coils may be used for all purposes for which the
ordinary induction coils are applicable.
A cylinder of soft iron (either solid or hollow) is used as in ordinary
coils. A section of copper wire or ribbon is then coiled round the
cylinder of iron, after which another cylinder of iron, either in sheet
metal or wire, is placed over the section of copper, again another section
of copper wire or ribbon is coiled round the outside cylinder of iron,

page_text: and so alternating the metals to any thickness required. The ends of
the copper wires or ribbons are connected in such a way as to cause the
currents to flow in one direction. The sections of soft iron forming
cylinders give at each end of the compound coil a similar polarity to the
one commencing the coil, according to the direction of the copper wire,
as in ordinary coils.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Gartside and Charles Timothy Brad-
bury, of Buckton Vale, in the County of Chester, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING WOVEN
FABRICS."
Sealed the 15th January 1875, and dated the 16th July 1874...
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Gartside
and Charles Timothy Bradbury at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th July 1874.
We, JOHN HENRY GARTSIDE and CHARLES TIMOTHY BRADBURY, of
Buckton Vale, in the County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
to what is commonly called a beetlino machine.

page_text: iron, cast or wrought, or a combination of the two, falling by its own
gravity, in place of the ordinary wooden ones when used in connection
with a cylinder or roller upon which the cloth or fabric to be finished is
wound.
To enable us to accomplish this object we make the faller of such a
shape that its cross section shall as nearly as possible be in the form of a
cross, thus, which shape we have found gives great strength, and
will resist the breaking action caused by the incessant concussion when
in use.
We make the centre of the faller a little larger than the top and
bottom portions, and this part loses its cross-shaped form and has in it
a slot or hole, through which is driven a piece of wood, which projects a
little to receive the blow of the tappet on the roller, whereby the faller
is lifted up, falling down again on to the fabric by its own weight. The
wood which projects is held in its place and prevented from breaking or
giving way under the blows of the tappet by means of an arm or
projection on the enlarged portion of the faller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLEANING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ashworth and Elijah
Ashworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th October 1874.
We, GEORGE ASHWORTH and Elijah AshwoRTH, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Card Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING
AND CLEANING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
66
:-
Our Invention relates to cotton openers and scutchers, and generally to
apparatus employed in the opening and cleaning of cotton or other fibrous
materials. In such apparatus as ordinarily constructed the cotton in the
condition as received from abroad is subjected to the action of revolving
beaters or of cylinders fitted with teeth and known as porcupine cylin-
ders" which loosen and open out the masses of cotton and eliminate a
proportion of the leaf and other foreign matters which may be mixed
therewith. In lieu of such beaters or porcupine cylinders we employ
cylinders covered or partly covered with cards made from rolled and
flattened wire. We prefer to employ steel wire in the formation of the

page_text: said cards, but do not confine ourselves to the use of this material. The
dents of the said cards are formed with saw tooth points.
We are aware that cards formed of wire which has not been rolled.
and flattened have been used in the opening of cotton previously to our
Invention, but we believe that such cards have not been so efficient for 5
the purpose as our said rolled wire cards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PINCH BARS FOR REMOVING RAILWAY WAGGONS, OR CARRIAGES, OR OTHER HEAVY BODLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Morrill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1874.
I, JAMES MORRILL, of Pocklington, East York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PINCH BARS FOR
REMOVING RAILWAY WAGGONS, OR CARRIAGES, OR OTHER HEAVY BODLES," to be as
follows:-
•
The improvement consists in shoeing the iron plate to which the lever
or pinch bar is attached with wood or any other substance that may
serve to prevent the plate from slipping when the lever is being used for
removing railway waggons, carriages, or other heavy bodies.
The plate to which the pinch bar or lever is attached can be made of
cast or wrought iron or other suitable metals from seven to eight inches
long, more or less, and of any suitable width and thickness. The top of
the plate is provided with two lugs to which the pinch end of the bar or
lever is attached by an iron pin or bolt, passing through holes made in
the lugs and bar, so that the bar will have a free working movement on
the pins.

page_text: The bottom of the metal plate to which the lever is attached as before
stated is by preference provided with a piece of wood or any other sub-
stance that will prevent it from slipping; when the pinch bar or lever is
being used the wood or other substance may be attached to the plate by
screws or any other suitable means.
When the pinch bar is used for removing railway waggons, or
carriages, the piece of wood attached to the bottom of the plate is
hollowed out to fit the surface of the rail; this is not necessary when the
bar is used for removing bodies on a plain surface. The handle end of
the bar or lever is made from five to six feet long, more or less, to suit
the work required to be done.
AN IMPROVED REVERSIBLE HEEL FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Jones, of the City of Manchester,
Painter, and Henry Northing Box, of the same Place, Rivet
Maker, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED REVERSIBLE HEEL FOR BOOTS
AND SHOES."
Sealed the 12th March 187), and dated the 8th December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Jones and
Henry Northing Box at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th December 1874.
We, WILLIAM JONES, of the City of Manchester, Painter, and HENRY
NORTHING BOX, of the same Place, Rivet Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED REVERSIBLE HEEL FOR BOOTS
AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
Our improved reversible heel consists of a ring of brass or other metal,
or of vulcanite, india-rubber, or other suitable material; this ring is
[Price 8d.]

page_text: provided with an inner flange, and it is held on the heel of the boot or
shoe by screws passing through a leather or other disc. When the screws
are tightened the ring is held fast, and when the ring is worn away at
one side the screws are slackened to allow the ring to be turned partly
round, so as to bring a fresh portion of the ring into position for being
worn, the screws are then tightened again and these operations can be
repeated until the whole ring is worn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING STEAM BOILERS, STEAM PIPES, STEAM ECONOMIZERS, SUPERHEATERS, AND OTHER HEATED SURFACES TO PREVENT THE RADIATION OF HEAT THEREFROM
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Broughton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
July 1874.
I, WILLIAM BROUGHTON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COATING OR COVERING STEAM BOILERS, STEAM PIPES, STEAM ECONOMIZERS,
SUPERHEATERS, AND OTHER HEATED SURFACES TO PREVENT THE RADIATION OF HEAT
THEREFROM," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists principally in the use of a layer of loose or
unfelted animal hair, between two layers or coats of a non-conducting
cement or composition, for the purpose of preventing the radiation
and waste of heat from the exterior of steam boilers and other heated
surfaces.
I first coat the boiler or other surface with the composition to a thick-
ness of about an inch and a half, and when dry or nearly so I cover
this with a thin coat of size and fire clay mixed to about the consistency
of treacle. I then take cows' hair or other animal hair in a loose state
and probe or prod it endwiso into the cement or composition all over the
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE AND PROPERTY IN CASE OF FIRE, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR LOWERING WEIGHTS FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Martin at the Office..
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
May 1874.
I, ABRAHAM MARTIN, of 20, Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE AND PROPERTY IN CASE
OF FIRE, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR LOWERING WEIGHTS FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
―:
The apparatus is composed of a cylinder of metal with a deep screw
thread or groove cut around it for a portion of its length, such screw
thread at each end leading into a groove cut longitudinally of the-
cylinder, and passing to its ends. This metal cylinder has secured to it
a strap to pass around the body of the person to be lowered. A cord
is laid into the screw groove of the cylinder and is led out through the
straight grooves to each of its ends. One end of the cord is secured
to a hook, or otherwise secured at the top of the building, or in a room
from which persons have to be removed, and the other end is either
thrown down to the ground, or may be held in the hand of any person
remaining in the room or at the top of the building.
•

page_text: When the strap above mentioned has been fastened around the body
of the person to be lowered, and the upper end of the cord has been
properly secured, the person may either lower himself down the cord,
or his descent may be controlled by another person situated in the room
from which he is being lowered, the rapid descent of the person being
lowered is prevented by the friction placed upon the cord as it passes
around the screw groove of the cylinder.. Outside of the cylinder is
placed a tubular metal cap or shield to keep the rope from escaping
from the screw groove. The ends of this cap may be rounded over
wire rings to prevent the rope from chafing as it rubs against them.
In order that the amount of friction upon the cord may be varied
according to the weight of the person to be lowered, the longitudinal
groove at one end of the cylinder is prolonged across one or two of the
threads of the screw, so that the rope may be led a greater or less
number of times around the cylinder before it is led off along the longi-
tudinal groove.
When a person is lowering himself by the aid of the above apparatus
he can easily arrest his descent by holding the rope down which he is
lowering himself and putting a slight strain upon it just below the
metal cylinder to which he is attached, and by this means he can
instantaneously arrest his descent. If another person remains in the
room or upper part of a building he can control the descent of any
person being lowered by himself holding the free end of the cord
and letting it out little by little, and after one person has been thus
lowered the person remaining in such upper part of the building
may readily again haul up the apparatus by the rope and quickly
adjust it for lowering himself, or for lowering any other person.
The same annaratus may also be used for lowering goods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EXHAUSTING AND PROPELLING AIR, GAS, AND OTHER FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1874.
I, ROBERT JOHNSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR EXHAUSTING AND PROPELLING AIR, GAS, AND OTHER FLUIDS AND
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable for ventilating mines, for pumping or
forcing water, for producing the currents of air in blast and other
furnaces, and generally for exhausting and forcing air, gas, and other
fluids and liquids.
My improved machinery consists of a right and left handed screw
fixed on the same axle and revolving in a cylinder, the ends or sides of
which are open or partly open. The blades of the screw do not join in
the centre of the cylinder, but each blade terminates in a straight part
forming a parallel channel between the screws; into this channel a

page_text: tongue fixed to the cylinder enters; there is another opening in the
centre of the cylinder corresponding to the channel where the two screws
meet. When the double screw is turned round it either draws the air,
gas, or other fluid or liquid in at each end or side, and the tongue then
forces it out at the centre, or vice versa.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LOCKING 'SAFETY. ' LAMPS USED BY MINERS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Pilkington, of Rishton, and George
Addison, junior, of Clayton-le-Moors, both in the County of Lan-
caster, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LOCKING 'SAFETY.
'
LAMPS USED BY MINERS."
Sealed the 24th April 1874, and dated the 24th February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Pilkington and
George Addison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th February 1874.
We, EDWARD PILKINGTON, of Rishton, and GEORGE ADDISON, junior,
of Clayton-le-Moors, both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LOCKING
* SAFETY LAMPS' USED BY MINERS," to be as follows:-
:-
The Invention consists principally of a spring bolt or latch working
inside a small cylinder or tube, and locking the lamp automatically

page_text: when the lamp top is screwed down into its place, which spring bolt
cannot be withdrawn excepting by a person in possession of a special
key adapted for the purpose.
The cylinder or tube passes through the bottom of the lamp, and the
latch or bolt is shot out by means of a spiral spring, and takes into a
recess formed in the lower part of the lamp top, both the latch and the
recess being bevilled on one side, so that the latch can pass in the
direction of screwing on the top, but will catch and prevent it from
being unscrewed in the reverse direction. The inner end of the latch Dr
bolt is furnished with a screwed thread, the end of which is some
distance inside the tube, so that it cannot be reached and tampered with
by any unauthorized person.
The key is provided with a long tube having a screw thread on the
inner side, and this key being passed into the tube till it meets the inner
end of the latch or bolt is screwed on to it till the end of the key tube
comes against the bottom of the cylinder or recess. Upon still con-
tinuing to turn the key it will then withdraw the latch or bolt, and allow
the lamp to be unscrewed.