Improvements in Printing Telegraphs.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 18th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 18th Jan., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPOTTALION.
Improvements in Printing Telegraphs.
I LEO KAMM Electrician, of 1 Laburnum Villas, Gresley Road Hornsey Rise
in the County of London do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention consists in the improvement of a telegraphic type-writer, with keys
arranged similarly to those of an ordinary type-writer.
My apparatus is also constructed for varios telegraphic systems now in use,
such as duplex, quadruplex and exchange telegraphy, also for the transmitting and
receiving of messages by persons not familiar with telegraphy, this enabling
telegraphy to be generally adopted in private and commercial circles, on a footing
similaly to telephony is introduced at the present day.
Said telegraph apparatus is entirely automatic in synchronism and requires no
attendance when messages are received.
Messages are given in duplicate, that is to say: The message is printed at each
respective apparatus.
My apparatus has no type wheel and no clock-work, as hitherto chiefly employed
nor does it work by a series of intermittent currents, set apart for each letter or
character to be recorded.
The first part of my invention relates to improvements in the synchronism of
telegraph instruments, the main object of which is to cause its movements to he
effected with great steadiness, certainty and rapidity than hitherto been employed
for such purpose, whether proceeding from a voltaic battery or any other applicable
source of electric power.
The first improvement is in the construction of the mechanism with the electro
magnetic arrangements employed to produce the motion and which necessitates
only two intermittent currents for each letter or character to be recorded. The
first current starts the synchronous motion and the second current arresting the
same. All other mechanical action necessary are brought about through a system
of electro magnets and by a local source of electricity.
"
This system of synchronism will greatly overcome the difficulty hitherto
experienced in the "static capasity of a long line, with apparatus actuated by a
series of intermittant currents and belonging to the step-by-step order.
The second improvement is in the construction of the electro magnetic and also
in the mechanical arrangements employed to produce the motion necessary for the
printing in columns and the automatic control of the same.
3
11
My invention has therefore quite new features, regarding the synchronizing and
the printing arrangements in columns, which will be descriped as following:-
A vertical spindle with the letter or characters fixed to separate springs and
mounted in series to the periphery of an arc, is placed on its points in a vertical
and swinging position.
Said vertical spindle has at right angle and under the letters or characters a
projecting arm, to which is pivoted a rod in a parallel position. Said rod is
movable in a longitudinal direction and to the end of it nearest the spindle is
hinged an armature which moves with the spindle near the proximating poles of an
electro magnet, which will further be called the "synchronizing magnet.'
A series
of projecting pins arranged not quite in a semicircle and as many in number as

page_text: there are letters or characters. Each of these pins is also provided with a spiral
spring along the stem, so as to enable the pin to be ready in a given position and
resting on one of the finger keys set apart for each respective letter or sign.
The vertical spindle with the projecting arm has the tendency to rotate by an
adjustable spring or weight, this tendency is arrested by a clutch acting lever,
which also forms an armatur an electro magnet is placed in a suitable position and
serving to liberate said clutch acting lever very rapidly by a local battery at the
time of transmitting a message by means of a finger key, at the same time the
disengaged clutch lever establishes a contact at the opposite limits of its oscillation
specially insulated for the closing of the line wire circuit. The spindle is
controlled by a suitable centrifugal governor, consisting of a fan-movement.
The finger key rises one of the pins and serves to arrest the spindle with the
projecting arm, and at the same time to stablishe contact to close the circuit of the
printing magnet. The printing magnet has also a second armature which is
independent of the armature performing the printing operation.
The function of the second armatur is to establishe a rapid contact for the
closing of the line circuit and in so doing actuates the synchronizing magnet in the
distance apparatus, hence the swinging armature is arrested by one of the projecting
pins.
The printing magnet has a hammer fixed to the distante end of the armature,
which strikes against the back of one of the opposite resting characters, and by
this action the type or character is copied against the paper which is carried by a
roller, the dimensions are those usually adopted in type writing machines.
The printing roller with an extra spindle as a carrier of the supply of paper is
mounted paralell on a carriage which slides in a latural direction, and it is propelled
by a screw action, actuated by the printing magnet.
The screw engages by a clutch or shoe which can be released through the spindle
making its full course, and in so doing, establishes special contact and by the action
of a releasing magnet the printing roller is returned to the original starting point
by the assistance of a spring or weight, at the same time the printing roller
receives a turn on its own axis and in so doing provides for a new line to be
started.
When the projecting arm or trailor strikes against the stoping pin, a local
circuit of a battery and the printing magnet is closed and at the moment the
armature with the type striking hammer has performed its duty, the switch of the
return electro magnet is closed, and causes through the bell shaped lever armature
the spindle to be returned to the original resting place behind the clutch acting
lever.
The inking supply is kept up by means of a travelling band or ribbo:1.
Dated this the 19th day of February in the year of our Lord 1895.
I, LEO KAMM, of 1, Gresley Road, Hornsey Rise, in the County of London,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :--
This invention relates to printing telegraphic apparatus and has for object to
produce an apparatus which acts both as a transmitter and receiver, which is more
certain and rapid in its action than instruments at present in use, and which does
not require any special skill in its operation.
Accor.ling to my invention I make use of two electric impulses or currents

page_text: produced by the transmitting apparatus to produce each letter or character on the
receiving apparatus.
In carrying out my invention I employ in each apparatus a series of finger-keys
as in a type-writer, with which keys are connected spring pins arranged in the arc
of a circle. The centre of this circle is the axis of an arm which I term the
synchronizing arm and which is adapted to be swung by an adjustable spring
(or weight) above the spring pins until arrested by any one pin moved into its path
by a finger-key. The spindle on which the synchronizing arın is mounted carries
a governor or loose weight actuated in one direction only by a pawl connected to
the spindle, which weight according to the pull of the adjustable spring (or weight)
determines the speed of the arm. The spindle also carries a series of spring type
arranged in the arc of a circle and corresponding with the finger-keys, a plunger
being employed to move each type when in position against a roll of paper upon a
carriage, a suitable inking device such as an ink ribbon being employed for
the type.
The synchronizing arm also carries two projections adapted to be moved by the
armature of an electro magnet which I term the synchronizing magnets one of
which projections is adapted to be projected between the spring pins hereinbefore
described while the other is engaged by a hook upon the armature of an electro
magnet so as to hold the arm in its initial or zero position. This magnet which
I term the starting magnet is energized by the first electric impulse or current
hereinbefore mentioned produced by the closing of a local electric circuit when a
finger-key is depressed, the said armature in its movement also closing the line
circuit connected with the synchronizing magnet of a distant or receiving apparatus,
which magnet attracts its armature and withdraws the projection on the
synchronizing arm engaged with the hook of its starting magnet. Both synchro-
nizing arms are thus released simultaneously and being similarly constructed and
adjusted move at the same speed. The synchronizing arm of the transmitting
apparatus then makes contact with the projecting spring-pin operated by the
finger-key thus closing another local circuit and energizing an electro magnet which
I term the second contact magnet, the armature of which in its movement.
again closes the line circuit and produces the second electric impulse or current
herein before mentioned. This current again energizes the synchronizing magnet
of the distant or receiving apparatus the armature of which moves the other
projection so as to stop the synchronizing arm against the spring pin corresponding
with that operated by the finger-key in the transmitting apparatus, and thus closes
a local circuit as in the transmitting apparatus. These local circuits in both
apparatuses then each simultaneously operates an electro magnet which I term
the printing magnet which operates the plunger herein before described to cause
the type to print, to feed the carriage along carrying the paper roll and close another
local circuit in which is an electro magnet (or solenoid) which I term the zero
magnet and which is energized to return the synchronizing arms to the zero
position.
To feed the paper on its roller so as to start a fresh line or column I provide an
electro magnet which I term a column magnet which is energized by allowing
the synchronizing arm to travel further than the row of spring pins extend, when
it is stopped by a fixed pin (which is in the same local circuit as the spring pins)
and also causes two contacts to close the circuit containing the said magnet.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe how it can
be carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a plan view of a printing telegraphic apparatus constructed according
to my invention :
Figure 2 is a central longitudinal section of the same with certain parts
removed:
Figure 3 is a sectional plan, the section being taken on the line 3-3, Figure 2 =
Figure 4 is a front sectional elevation with certain parts removed, the section
being taken on the line 4-4, Figure 2:

page_text: Figure 5 is a sectional view shewing the synchronizing arm, its governor, the
type and other connected parts drawn to an enlarged scale:
Figure 6 is a plan of the type and the synchronizing arm:
Figure 7 is an underside view of the outer end of the synchronizing arm :
Figure 8 is a section on the line 8-8, Figure 5:
Figure 9 is a section on the line 9-9, Figure 5, looking in the direction of
the arrow:
Figures 10, 11 and 12 are respectively views of the printing magnet, the zero
magnet and the column magnet with connected parts:
Figure 13 is a rear view shewing one end of the paper carriage and its supporting
rails:
Figure 14 is a section on the line 14-14, Figure 4:
Figure 15 is a front view of the mechanism for operating the inking ribbon :
Figure 16 is a section on the line 16-16, Figure 2:
Figure 17 is a section shewing mechanism for locking the armature of the
printing magnet :
Figure 18 is a section on the line 18-18 of Figure 3 drawn to an enlarged
scale:
Figures 19, 20 and 21 are respectively a plan, a section and a side view shewing
the feed-screw for operating the paper carriage:
Figure 22 is a diagrammatic view shewing the arrangement of the various
circuits in connection with the apparatus:
Figure 23 is a diagrammatic view shewing two connected apparatuses:
Figures 24 and 25 are respectively a plan and a sectional elevation shewing the
apparatus adapted to print on a paper tape.
Similar reference letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
a*, a, a (Figures 1 and 2) are the finger-keys jointed to levers a¹ pivoted at a² in
a box or case as the lower part of which is provided with adjustable feet a*.
bx, b, bare the spring pins arranged in the arc of a circle as shewn in Figure 3, the
the ends of which pins are guided in plates 61, 62 and which are connected to the
levers a' through the medium of levers 63 (fulcrummed on the plate 6¹) and links 6ª.
The plate 6 is connected to the plate 61 by pillars 6º.
66 is a spring frame pivoted at 67 beneath the levers a¹ and having a bar 6ª in
contact with the undersides of the said levers so that when any one of the levers a¹
is depressed it moves through the medium of the said frame a spring lever 6° which
forms one of the terminals of a circuit including a local battery 60, Figure 22, and
the starting magnet hereinafter described, the said lever when moved making contact
with the other terminal 6". The lever 6' is moved by a projection 61 on a pivoted
arm 6¹³ connected to the frame 6 by a link 6, the movement being effected on the
upward movement of the arm 618 only, by coming into contact with a projection on
a block 6 pivoted on the end of the lever 60, the block being prevented from
turning on the said lever during such upward movement by a pin & Figure 18, but
turning freely when impinged against by the projection 6¹ in its downward
movement without moving the lever 6°.
The
c is the synchronizing arm shewn most clearly in Figures 5 and 6, and c¹ is the
spindle thereof the axis of which coincides with the centre of the circle in which
the pins 6 are arranged as shewn, so that its free end can swing in the direction of
the arrow, Figure 3, above the upper ends of the pins b. By this arrangement, if
one of the pins b be raised by the depression of one of the keys a the synchronizing
arm will come in contact therewith and be arrested in its movement.
spindle c¹ turns upon centres c** in the plate 6' and in a cross-bar c* but insulated
therefrom, the cross-bar being carried by pillars d, d. c, Figures 1 and 3, is the
adjustable spring, one end of which is attached by a cord or the like to an insulated
drum on the spindle while the other end is connected to a screw c carried by a
sliding frame c working on guide-rods c° attached to one of the two pillars d, d.
With the screw threaded boss of the frame co a screw e engages so that by rotating
the said screw the frame c can be moved backwards or forwards to adjust the

page_text: tension of the spring c³ and consequently the pull on the arm c.
The end of the
screw is provided with a pointer c working over a dial c³, the pointer being.
operated by a handle co, as shewn clearly in Figure 12.
Each of the pins b, 6 forms one terminal of a local circuit including the plate 6',.
the battery 610, Figure 22, and the second contact magnet and printing magnet
bereinafter described, the other terminal being the arm c connected to the battery
through the spindle c¹ and conductor c¹*.
co, Figures 2 and 3, is the synchronizing magnet in circuit with the line battery A,
Figure 22, and with a contact piece D forming a terminal, the other terminal being.
a switch lever E connected to the line wire B. The spring armature c" of the said
magnet is pivoted at c¹ to downward extensions on the arm c, the said armature
encircling the spindle c¹ so as to be operated by the magnet in any position of the
arm c. cs and care the projections carried by the arm c, the projection c¹³ being
in the form of a lever pivoted at e so that it can be projected between the pins b-
and connected to an upward extension c¹ of the armature c10 by a link cl, the
projection c¹ forming part of the said link.
I
In order to prevent damage when the arm cis moving above the pins 6, 6 and one.
of the said pins is accidentally raised by a key a and strikes it, joint the said arm
to its boss as at c18, Figure 5, and provide it with an extension which normally is.
kept in contact with the underside of the boss by a spring 20, the said spring.
allowing the arm to yield when struck as described.
1, Figures 1, 2 and 3, is the starting magnet and is the hook on the spring
armature of the same but insulated therefrom for holding the arm c in its initial
or zero position. This magnet is energized by the contact of the terminals 6º, 61.
each time a key a is depressed whereby the arm c is released from the hook c².
This armature forms one of the terminals of the main line circuit including the
battery A, Figure 22, and when attracted by the magnet c¹ comes into contact.
with the other terminal and completes the circuit, sending a current to line B..
through the distant or receiving apparatus and earth plate C.
e, Figure 5, is the loose weight or governor on the spindle c', and e' is the pawl
connected to the spindle c¹ by the arm e² and engaging with ratchet teeth e³ on the
periphery of the said weight. By arranging the weight loose as described, its.
momentum allows it to turn when the synchronizing arm is arrested by one of the
pins 6 thereby preventing any damage to the said pins by the impact and it also
allows the arm c to be moved back quickly by the zero magnet, hereinafter
described.
ffare the type which are arranged in the arc of a circle as shewn clearly in
Figure 6 and attached to springs f³ carried on a sector fattached to the spindle c¹.
Each of these type corresponds with one of the spring pins (except the first pin bx
which has no corresponding type) that is to say, when one of the pins 6 is raised
by depressing its corresponding finger-key, the synchronizing arm when in contact
with the said pin brings a type, the character of which corresponds with the
character marked on the finger-key depressed, into position to be moved forward to.
imprint the paper. The first pin 6x serves to form the spaces between words when
printing and is connected to the key a*. f3 is the plunger working through an
insulated guide f* and adapted when moved by a lever f upon a shaft f° to press
the type fagainst the ink ribbon g which in turn is pressed against the paper which
passes around the roller from the paper roll *. The paper is pressed against the
roller h by springs hº.
7, Figures 1, 2, 3 and 10, is the printing magnet in circuit with the local
battery, Figure 22, and the armature 18 of which operates the shaft ƒª through
the medium of the rod f', lever ƒ10, shaft ƒ", lever f¹, rod 18 and weighted
lever / 14.
The ink ribbon g is arranged to pass round rollers g¹, g', 93, 9³ and between
guides 92, 92, Figures 1 and 2, and has its ends wound upon drums 93, 9³ which
are advantageously adapted to be automatically alternately rotated through the
medium of spring pawls 9, 9 actuated from the shaft ƒ by levers 9º, Figure 15.

page_text: The drums rotate upon spindles 9° carried by a frame 9* attached to the bar c*.
This alternate rotation allows of the ink ribbon being wound upon the drums
alternately and in order that it may be effected automatically I provide rollers gⓇ
carried by arms 9', the said rollers being caused to work in vertical lines by being
jointed to the ends of the levers g³ fulcrummed on shafts g' and forming a parallel
motion. One of the said rollers is designed to run upon the ribbon being wound
upon one of the drums. This ribbon as it increases in size in the form of a coil
upon the drum, causes the roller upon it to be moved upwardly and when it has
reached a certain point the roller is caused to move off the ribbon and the other
roller into contact with the ribbon on the other drum. These movements which
are instantaneous are effected by a spring 10 having a tooth gll and bearing upon a
roller g¹ upon the upper end of an arm 9 as shewn clearly in Figure 16, which
roller as the roller is moved up is caused through the medium of the arm 77 of
the latter roller and one of the levers g and shaft go to move beneath the tooth of
the spring 90 and when it has reached a point just beyond the centre of the
tooth the spring 90 causes it to suddenly complete the rest of its movement in the
same direction by pressing down upon the other side of the roller gas will be
understood. In order also that the pawl g which has been actuating the drum on
which the ribbon has just been wound shall be instantaneously disengaged at the
same time that the roller g is moved from off the ribbon and the other pawl thrown
into engagement with its drum I provide the arm g18 with a downward extension g¹
which engages with a fork g (having considerable space between its prongs) above
an arm ge loose upon the lower shaft 9, the upper part of the arm gl having a
tooth g similar to the tooth g" and borne upon by a roller at the end of a spring gl
similar to the spring 910. The arm ge is also provided with a boss carrying arms gl
each of which bears upon the upper side of the pawl gt beneath it alternately. By
this construction it will be seen that when the arm g¹s is instantaneously moved
when the roller g is disengaged from the coil of ribbon as described it will come
into contact with one of the prongs of the fork 9" and move the arm 916 beneath
the roller of the spring g¹s thereby moving the arms 9ª to disengage one pawl from
and engage the other pawl with its respective drum. With the described arrange-
ment of springs 91, 918 operating in conjunction with the rollers and teeth the
movements of the parts are effected instantaneously and the parts are maintained
in position when so moved..
The roller and the paper roll * are carried in a carriage A' supported by
wheels upon rails ha connected to the pillars d, d by brackets . The carriage
is moved in the direction of the arrow i Figure 4 by a screw hand in the opposite
direction by means of a weight he (or spring) the weight being protected by a
tube and connected to a cord h which passes over a pulley and is attached to
one end of the carriage. The carriage is connected to the screw by a tooth i
which engages with the screw-thread, the latter being of a shape in section similar
to a ratchet tooth as shewn clearly in Figures 19 and 21 so that when the screw is
revolved in the direction of the arrow, Figure 4, the carriage will be caused to
move upon the rails . The shape of the screw-thread also allows the carriage to
be moved by hand in the direction of the arrow 1 independently of the screw h³,
the tooth which is attached to a pivoted arm i riding over the convolutions of
the screw. The screw his revolved by gear wheels,, Figure 14, the latter of
which is actuated by a pawl it carried at one end of a lever, the other end being
connected to and actuated from a lever on the shaft f" through the medium of a
rod. is a spring detent engaging with the wheel. The pawl is provided
with a tail which, just before the lever completes its movement when rotating
the wheel, comes into contact with an adjustable pin 10 and is disengaged from
the wheel. This arrangement allows of the wheel and consequently the
carriage h¹ being stationary when the plunger f³ is pressed against the ink ribbon
to print on the paper. In order to ensure that the wheel does not move owing
to any momentum after the pawl is disengaged I arrange a stop x upon the
rod which comes into contact with the end of the detent and holds it tightly
3

page_text: in gear with the wheel ³. By adjusting the screw 40 higher or lower the pawl *
is disengaged from the wheel earlier or later during the movement of the lever ¿
whereby the movement of the screw and consequently the spacing between the
letters printed by the type are varied.
28 is the gong for signalling when the carriage has almost reached the farthest
point of its travel, the hammer of the gong (which is a spring hammer) being
pivoted and provided with an arm 10 which will be moved up and allowed to fall t
cause the hammer to strike the gong by the passage under the outer end of the
said arm of a weighted arm on the carriage, the arm being pivoted so that as
the carriage moves back it will turn upon its pivot without affecting the arm 10 in
a similar way to the block 6,15
j, Figures 3 and 12, is the column magnet in circuit with the local battery 61,
Figure 22, which magnet serves to rotate the roller to feed the paper when it is
necessary to start a new line; this is effected through the medium of a gear
wheel on one end of the shaft of the roller and a gear wheel 2 in gear with the
wheel and operated by a weighted pawl 3 carried on one end of the lever i,
the said lever being operated from the spring armature of the magnet j through
the medium of the rod j³, the bell-crank lever je and rod j". By this construction
it will be seen that when the armature jis attracted by the magnet j the lever,
will be moved and cause the pawl to rotate the wheels j³ and j and roller / and
consequently move the paper surrounding the same and at the same time it
disengages the tooth i from the screw whereby the carriage will automatically
move back from a position into which it may have been moved into its original or
starting position shewn in Figure 4 under the influence of the weight. The
rod j extends longitudinally between the rails h³ so that the lever can always be
In order that
in engagement notwithstanding the movement of the carriage h.
the tooth i shall not re-engage with the screw until the carriage has arrived at its
initial position, I provide one of the levers of the bell-crank je with an arm j³
which, when the armature j is attracted by the magnet j, will be caused to engage
beneath a shoulder j on a spring lever 10 pivoted to one of the rails 3 whereby the
tooth will be held out of engagement with the screw until the carriage, reaching
its initial position, strikes the upper end of the lever 10 and releases the arm j³ when
the parts resume their normal position. The lever 10 is shewu clearly in Figures 12
and 13.,, Figures 3 and 22, are the terminals of the circuit containing the
column magnet, one of which terminals is moved into contact with the other by an
armon but insulated from the spindle el. By allowing the arm c to move over
the pins x, b without making contact therewith it will bring the arm j¹² into
contact with one of the terminals j" and cause the latter to move into contact with
the other terminal thereby closing the circuit and operating the magnet, the arm c
being stopped in its movement by contact with a pin 13 on the plate 62, which pin
acts as a terminal to the circuit including the starting and printing magnets,
similarly to each of the pins 6x and b.
k, Figures 3 and 11, is the zero maguet (or solenoid) in circuit with the local
battery 610, Figure 22. The armature k¹ of this magnet is pivoted at k² and
provided with, but insulated from, an arm or toothed quadrant in gear with a
toothed wheel k on the spindle c' so that after the arm c has been moved by the
spring it can be returned to its initial position by the armature k being attracted.
by the magnet k. This magnet is energized by the operation of the printing
magnet f, the armature f8 of which is provided with an extension which as the
said armature is moved, comes in contact with a pivoted bar ke having an insulated
arm k which forms one of the terminals of the circuit including the zero magnet,
the said terminal being moved into contact with the other terminal 8 to complete
the circuit and energize the zero magnet. The bar is also provided with au
arm which during the movement of the said bar will move away a terminal
contact piece 10 from contact with a terminal in the circuit of the printing
In order that the backward movement
magnet thereby breaking the said circuit.
of the armature f³ in consequence of the breaking of this circuit shall not allow

page_text: the bar ke to move back also and separate the terminals k' and k³, the bar k is
provided with another arm having an upward projection which when the
bar k is moved forward by the armature f* moves behind a shoulder or catch 7 on
a spring lever pivoted at beneath the starting magnet cai.
In order that the terminals B and A shall not be separated until the synchronizing
arm has been drawn back to its initial position by the zero magnet, I provide that
when the arm has reached this position it shall come into contact with the upper
end of a pivoted bar 18, Figures 2, 3 and 17, which projects through the table 6², the
lower end of the said bar being in contact with the inclined end of the lever l' so
that the movement of the bar 13 caused by the impingement of the synchronizing
arm e will disengage the shoulder 1 from the projection and allow the bar ke to
fall back under the influence of the weight and break the circuit.
m, Figures 1, 2 and 3, is the second contact magnet in the same circuit as the
printing magnet, the spring armature m¹ of which forms one of the terminals of a
-circuit including the line battery A, Figure 22, and is adapted when attracted
by the magnet m to make contact with the other terminal m² of this circuit
which includes a contact piece forming a terminal F, the switch lever E and line
-wire B.
Although I have described the second contact magnet m as being used for
-operating the armature m¹ I may in some cases make use of the printing magnet f
for this purpose.
I do not, however, prefer this arrangement as the printing
magnet, having several parts to operate, does not work so quickly as the
magnet m.
n, n are resistance coils in connection with the circuits containing the various
circuit closing devices, the said coils serving to diminish sparking as will be well
understood. I also employ condensers for the same purpose carried in the base of
each apparatus.
the
The operation is as follows:-Assume that two apparatuses as described are at
each end of the line B and having their parts in the positions shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3
and 4 of the drawings, the said apparatuses being termed respectively
transmitting apparatus" and "receiving apparatus.' The transmitting apparatus
must have the switch lever E moved so as to be in contact with the terminal F
while that of the receiving apparatus must be in contact with the terminal D as
shewn in Figure 23. If now one of the finger-keys a of the transmitting apparatus
-be depressed the frame 66 will cause the terminal 69 to come in contact with the
terminal 6 thereby completing the local circuit including the starting magnet c²
and energizing the same whereby the armature c23 will be attracted and release the
synchronizing arm c from the hook c, which arm under the influence of the
spring will commence to move in the direction of the arrow, Figure 3.
The armature 23 at the same time will come into contact with the terminal 24 and
send a current to line B which will pass through the switch lever E and terminal D
of the receiving apparatus and energize the synchronizing magnet e" of the same
whereby the armature c" of the arm e of this apparatus will be attracted and
-disengage the projection c¹ from the hook 22. By this it will be seen that the
synchronizing arms in each apparatus will commence to move simultaneously. The
arm c of the transmitting apparatus will then come in contact with the upper end
of the spring pin which has been lifted by the depressed finger-key and present a
type corresponding with the said finger-key opposite the plunger f³, the contact
completing the circuit through the pin b, plate 6', battery 60, terminal ko,
terminal, printing magnet f', second contact magnet m, spindle and arm c
and energizing the said magnets f" and m. The armature m¹ is consequently
attracted and comes in contact with the terminal m³ thereby sending a current
to line B through the terminal F and switch lever E which entering the receiving
apparatus through the switch lever E and terminal D again energizes the
synchronizing magnet of this apparatus so as to again attract the armature c"
and cause the projection c¹³ to be thrust forward thereby stopping the synchro-
nizing arm c of this apparatus in contact with the spring pin corresponding

page_text: 9.
with the spring pin which has been raised in the transmitting apparatus.
This contact of the arm c with the spring pin in the receiving apparatus also
closes a circuit including its printing and second contact magnets as in the trans-
mitting apparatus but the switch lever E being-in contact with the terminal D
the second contact magnet is consequently not in: the line circuit. The printing.
magnets of both apparatuses being therefore energized attract their armatures f
which cause the screws to feed the. carriages: h¹ along the rails h, the
plungers to move the type to print upon the paper and the pawls g* to feed the.
ink ribbon The said armatures in their movement also move the bars ko so as
to make contact between the terminals kand-k and break contact between the
terminals and ", the contact between the terminals and being maintained
by the engagement of the shoulders on the bars with the projections A¹³ thereby
completing the circuit embracing the zero magnets k, k which consequently attract
their armatures and return the arms to their initial or zero-positions where
they again engage with the books and at the same time impinge against the
bars and disengage the shoulders-l-from-the-projections and allow the bars ke
to fall back and move the terminals out of contact with the terminals k³ and the
terminals to move into contact with the terminals k. By the operation of
several finger-keys identical lines of type in both apparatuses will be printed.
By depressing any one of the finger-keys of the transmitting apparatus and
releasing it before the synchronizing arm creaches the spring. pin connected to
such finger-key the said arm will pass over all the spring pins and come into
contact with the pin 18 thereby again energizing the printing and second contact
magnets the latter of which again sends a current to line so as to release the
synchronizing arm of the receiving apparatus. The arms ¹ in both apparatuses.
will then come into contact with one of the terminals and cause it to make
contact with the other terminal to complète the circuits containing the column
magnets, thereby energizing the same so as to attract their armatures and release
the teeth i from the feed-screws h whereby the carriages. A will be allowed to
return to their initial position, the rollers being simultaneously rotated to
commence a fresh line..
.
L-
By my invention it will be seen that the message is printed in both
apparatuses and that the receiving apparatus requires no attendant. while
receiving a message.
,
Instead of the paper roll and carriage as hereinbefore described I sometimes
employ a paper tape upon which the type print as illustrated in Figures 24 and 25.
In these figures o indicates the tape arranged in a roll pupon. a. spindle q.
revolving on centres. r, carried by brackets &, & formed on. or attached to the
pillars d, d. The spindle q. carries and is rotated by a wheel 3 similar to that
hereinbefore described in connection with the paper roll and carriage and actuated
by the printing magnet in a similar manner, the proportions of the connections
being slightly modified in order to impart the required amount of feed at
each depression of a key. a* or a. tis a roller for guiding the tape onto the
roll o, the said roller. being carried by arms u, u connected to. the brackets 8, s..
By this arrangement it will be understood that the column magnet can be dispensed..
with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
.. 1. A printing telegraph comprising two apparatuses in which two electric
impulses or currents produced by the transmitting apparatus are employed to
produce each letter or character on the receiving apparatus, substantially as
described.
.....
2. A printing telegraph comprising two apparatuses each having a series of
spring pins arranged in the arc of a circle and connected to finger-keys and an arm
(termed a synchronizing farm) connected to a series of type also arranged in the
B

page_text: arc:of, a.circle, the said arm being adapted to work over the said pins-by a.weight
or spring but normally held by an electro-magnet (termed a starting magnet) any
one of which keys in one apparatus: when depressed raisesifone of the pins and
completes an electric circuit to energize the said magnet to release the synchronizing
arm in the said apparatus and at the same time completes an, electric circuit to,
energize an electro-magnet (termed asynchronizing magnet) to release the
synchronizing arm from its starting magnet in the other apparatus, the
synchronizing arm in the first mentioned apparatus then striking the raised-pin so
as to bring a type into position to print and to complete another circuit and
energize another electro-magnet (termed the second contact.magnet), again.com-
pleting the circuit to the second apparatus thereby again operating the
synchronizing magnet in this apparatus to cause a projection on its synchronizing!
arm: to move and arrest the latter against the spring-pin corresponding with that
which has been. raised in the first apparatus, substantially as described.
3. In apparatus of the kind herein before described, the combination with the
synchronizing arm of a governor or weight loose upon the spindle of the arm
and provided with means: whereby it is adapted to move, with the arm in one
direction only, substantially as described:
4. The combination with apparatus of the kind described in the preceding
claiming clause of an electro-magnet (termed the printing magnet) designed to be
energized when the synchronizing arm is arrested in its movement to move a
plunger to cause a type to print and to. revolve a screw through the medium of a
movable tooth engaging therewith, so as to move a carriage carrying a roll of
paper in front of the type and at the same: time move:a bar so as to close another.
electric circuit and energize an. electro-magnet: (termed the zero magnet) or a
solenoid designed to return the. synchronizing- arm-to-its- initial or.zero position,
the said bar being engaged by a catch so as to maintain this circuit closed- until
the said arm reaches the said position and impinges against an arm which
disengages the catch and breaks the circuit, substantially as described.
5. In apparatus of the kind hereinbefore described, the combination with the
feed-screw for operating the paper carriage of gear wheels, a pawl and a detent
engaging one of the wheels, an adjusting screw, a lever carrying the pawl and a
rod actuating the said lever from the printing magnet and carrying a stop, all
substantially as described.
6. In apparatus of the kind hereinbefore described, the combination with the
bar operated by the printing: magnet to close: the circuit containing the zero
magnet, of an arm designed when the said bar is moved to break the circuit
containing the said printing magnet, substantially as described..
7. In apparatus of the kind herein before described an electro-magnet (termed
the column magnet) designed.to be energized to rotate the rollerjaround which the
paper upon which the message is to be printed passes and at the same time
disengage the tooth from.the feed-screw of the carriage: carrying the paper so as
to allow the carriage to return to its initial position under the influence of a weight
or spring, the said magnet being energized by the closing of a circuit by an arm.in
connection with the synchronizing arm when the latter is at the extremity of its.
movement, substantially as described.
8. In apparatus of the kind hereinbefore described, the employment of an ink-
ribbon the ends of which are alternately wound upon drums operated by pawls
and having rollers designed to run upon the ribbon being wound, the ribbon while
being wound upon one drum moving its roller which, when the ribbon is fully
wound, causes its pawl to be disengaged, the other roller to be suddenly moved
into contact with the ribbon on the other drum and the pawl of the latter to be
engaged with the said drum, substantially as described.
L.
9. In apparatus of the kind hereinbefore described the arrangement whereby..
the paper roll- and carriage are dispensed with and a paper tape substituted
substantially as described.

page_text: consisting of the parts constructed and combined substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated and operating as set forth.
Dated this 17th day of December 1895.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.