IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLECERIC LAMPS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Henry Ziffer, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
FLECERIC LAMPS"
Sealed the 17th May 1878, and dated the 23rd November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinand Henry Ziffer at
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the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1877.
FERDINAND HENKY ZIFFER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC LAMPS."
This Invention relates to the construction of the mechanism for actuating that class
of electric lamps wherein the light is produced by means of the electro-magnetic
machine driven by power, and more especially to that part of the mechanism for
keeping one or both of the carbon points of the lamp revolving at a fixed and
regular speed.
And, Secondly. Of the mechanism for keeping the said carbon points at all times
at a fixed distance from each other, and always projecting at exactly the same
distance from the carbon holders as the carbon is consumed.
Instead of effecting these movements as heretofore in a more or less uncertain
manner by means of springs or weights I provide the said lamp with toothed gearing,
driven either by the electric-magnetic machine itself, or by the first moving power,
such gearing being so arranged as to keep one or both of the carbon points
revolving at a certain and positive speed, and I provide such gearing with change
wheels or other such well-known arrangement for altering or adjusting the number
of revolutions to the speed required. I also provide both the carbon points with a
worm or screw for pressing the carbon forwards, and I connect this worm or screw
with toothed gearing so arranged as so give the requisite speed to press the carbon
forwards at the exact ratio at which points become consumed, and I drive this either
by toothed gearing or by an endless band or bands from the electro-magnetic engine
itself, or from the first moving power, such gearing being so regulated and arranged
.
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page_text: as to force the points forward at a positive and regular speed, and being provided
with change wheels or other similar arrangements for altering and regulating the
speed to agree with the consumption of the carbon points by the emission of the
light.
This lamp can also be fastened to any kind of machine where the light is wanted.
If in any room or mill any quantity of lights are wanted and such machines are
driven by power this lamp can be fastened to such machines and driven by them
direct, either with tooth gearing, belt, or rope, so that each machine might have its
own light.
The lamp can also be fastened to the ceiling, or any kind of arrangement made to
hold the same, and then driven by the general gearing by which the machines are
driven.
.
The electro-magnetic machine might for that purpose be anywhere outside or
inside of the building, the.lamp only to be connected as usual with copper wires.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ferdinand Henry Ziffer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
May 1878.
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FERDINAND HENRY Ziffer, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC LAMPS."
This Invention relates to the construction of the mechanism for actuating that
class of electric lamps wherein the light is produced by means of the electro-
magnetic machine driven by power, and more especially to that part of the
mechanism of keeping one or both of the carbon points of the lamp revolving at a
fixed and regular speed.
And, Secondly. Of the mechanism for keeping the said carbon points at all times
at a fixed distance from each other, and always projecting at exactly the same
distance from the carbon holders as the carbon is consumed.
My Invention consists, firstly, in an improvement in electric lamps for regulating
the approach of the carbon points used for producing the electric light, as they are
consumed by the current. In this lamp the carbons are made to approach each
other by means of bevil and spur wheels, which are connected with a screw which
works the carbon down or up as it is consumed. Each of the carbons can be
worked independently, that is to say, that one of them might be worked by the
screw and wheels, which are connected with some driving apparatus, strap, or band,
as herein after described, and one of the carbons might be regulated by hand, as
shewn in Sheets and of the annexed Drawings; or both of the carbons might
be worked together by screws and wheels self-acting, as shown in Sheet 3.
My Invention consists, secondly, in causing the carbons to revolve at the same
time as they are approaching each other.
As shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the carbous are independent of each other, and as
the top one is revolving the bottom one might stand still, or both of them might

page_text: turn round, and also one of them might revolve in the opposite direction to the
other.
Sheet No. 1, Fig. 1, shows a section of the lamp, explaining the approaching of the
carbon; Fig. 1, Sheet 2, is a front elevation of the same; and Fig. 2, Sheet is a
sectional plan view; 1 is a grooved pulley which is fastened to the shaft C; 2 is a
bevil wheel which is also fastened to the shaft C on the other end; 3 is a bevil
wheel which gears into, and is fastened on the upright shaft d; r is a bevil
wheel fastened on the other end of the shaft d; 5 is a bevil wheel which gears
in, and is fastened on one end of the shaft e; is a bevil wheel which is fastened
on the opposite end of e; 7 is a bevil wheel gearing in 7, and fastened on the
bush On the other end of the bush is a wheel cut out of the bush, which
gears in the wheel fastened on the shaft f. On the opposite end of the shaft f
the wheel 10 is fastened, which gears into the spur wheel and works the screw g.
The wheel has a screw thread cut through its bush to fit the screw g. The other
end of the screw g works inside the bush m and pushes the carbon p downwards,
the carbon p being pushed tightly into the bush m and fastened with a little hook
to the screw g. This small hook which fastens the carbon to the screw is so
arranged that it works round on its own axis and allows the carbon p to turn round
at the same time that the screw stands still. The object of this small hook is (when
necessary) to pull the carbon up with the screw g by turning the wheel 11, on
which there is fastened an isolated handle K for that purpose. The screw g has a
slot cut in lengthways, and there is a key or stud which fits in the slot and is
fastened to the frame B, and by this means the focus can be regulated by hand.
The speed of this lamp can be regulated either by changing the groove pulley 7,
or the wheels in connection therewith to a larger or smaller size, and therefore
increasing or decreasing the speed of the screw gas is found necessary by the con-
sumption of the carbons p, p². The carbon p¹ is pushed into the bush m', the
bush m² works loose on the spindle g¹ 1, one end of 9'1 is a screw, and by means of
the square part g¹ 2 a hand wheel is keyed on gl, works on the bush t, which
bush t is fastened down with two screws. u, u, and set also by a nut z: There is
also a nut S on the screw g¹1, and when the spindle g¹1 is worked and the
carbon p' put in the right position S acts as a lock nut.
If the hand wheel is turned round the carbon p¹ will be lifted up or let down,
as the case may be, so that the focus may be regulated accordingly.
The revolving of the carbon is effected in the following manner :-The carbon p
is tightly pushed in the bush m, the latter being fastened by a pin b³ to the
bush, to which bush the wheel r7 is keyed on, to which latter motion is given
by the wheel in the manner above described. The carbon p' is pushed tightly
into the bush m¹, the same bush working loose on the spindle g¹; on the said bush
a pulley 7 is fastened, which pulley can be worked by a strap, rope, or band off
the pulley 3, which is fastened on the shaft d, the same shaft receiving motion
from the pulley 1, as stated above.
I will now describe the framing: A is a piece of wood on which rests the framing a,
which is fastened down with a nut z; B is the framing which rests in a and swivels
round on the shaft d; the same can be fastened by a set screw h when in the right
position; R is the reflector which is fastened to the stud x, one end of x is the
bush ม which slides on the framing B; when set in its proper position it can be
fastened by the set screw i. I also use for some purposes an ordinary glass globe
instead of the reflector, as such is preferable when the lamp is used for ordinary
work on a writing desk, or for working purposes on single machines.
In Sheet 3, Fig. 1 shows the arrangement for fastening the electric lamp to the
ceiling or side walls, the framing a having a piece c cast on and fastened to the
ceiling D. All the other parts which work the carbon p are the same as in the
arrangement shown and explained in Sheets 1 and 2. The carbon p¹ in this lamp
works exactly as carbon p, that is to say, it revolves and at the same time approaches
the other carbon p in the same proportion as it is consumed; p¹ is the carbon
which fits tightly in the bush m². Under m¹ is fastened a pulley ¹7, which is

page_text: connected by a strap or band with 3, which is fastened to the upright shaft d, the
same revolving as shown in Sheet 1, and therefore giving a rotary motion to the
carbon p¹.
The carbon p¹ is pushed up in the following manner :-'
-The carbon p¹ being inside
the bush m¹, on the lower end of the bush m¹ a screw thread is cut, in whicli fits
the screw g¹, and is worked by the same, the screw g¹ having a slot, in which slot
slides a pin; the pin is fastened to the framing a¹, and since it is impossible for the
screw to turn round it only gives lifting motion to the carbon p³ when the
pulley 7 is set in motion.
Fig. 2, Sheet 3, is a front view of the lamp.
Fig. 3, Sheet 3, shows the connection between the framing & and a', and also the
connections of q, q, with the electro-magnetic machine to receive the wire from the
same.
Fig. 4, Sheet 3, shows a section of the carbon p' and framing a¹.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention, for "Improve-
ments in the Construction of Electric Lamps," together with the manner in which
the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I wish it to
be understood that I do not limit myself to the details given, but I distinctly claim
as my Invention,―
Firstly. The driving of an electric lamp by a belt, strap, or other intermediate
gearing in direct connection with any motive power, or by a magnetic-electric
machine, or by any other machine where such a lamp can be used.
Secondly. My claim consists in approaching the carbons as they are consumed by
meaus of the arrangement shown, such means being self-acting and positive as soon
as this machine is set to work by strap or otherwise.
Thirdly. I claim the revolving of the carbons, either in the same or the opposite
direction with the said machine or lamp, so as to work self-acting as soon as the
machine or lamp is set to work.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Henry Ziffer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witnessed by
JNO. HUGHES,
Clerk to Geo. Davies, C.E.,
Patent Office,
4, St. Ann's Sq.,
Manchester.
F. H. ZIFFER. (L.S.)