Improvements in Lenses, and in Lamp Globes and Chimneys.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1890,
Complete Specification Left, 15th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 14th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lenses, and in Lamp Globes and Chimneys.
I, JOHN WALSH, of 27, Chatto Road, Clapham Common, S.W., Foreman
Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
My invention relates to improvements in lenses and in lanp globes and chimneys
and consists in the employment of a lens or lenses of solid glass, or of a glass of
various forms, combined with liquid, and I combine or join several of these lenses
together so as to form one whole lens, whereby the brilliancy of any given light is
greatly intensified.
In the construction of my improved lenses, two essential
principles are to be observed, riz.: the distance of the lens from the light, and the
curvature of the lens in relation to that distance. Thus an inside curve lens is
formed from a radius whose length is equal to the radius forming the outer curve of
the lens, the light being also placed at the same radial distance from the lens.
Bi-convex lenses I construct in the following manner.
For a liquid lens I estimate the distance of the lens from the light, in regard to
the heat as well as to the magnifying effect. Suppose the lens to be three and a half
inches from the light; with a radius of three and a half inches, I describe a circle;
a portion of this circle forms the outside curve of the lens. At a distance of the
radius, three and a half inches from the curve, I find a point; from this point I
describe the inside curve of the lens, the light being at the radial distance from
the lens it will therefore be seen that the curvature of the lens changes with the
distance of the light therefrom.
Concavo-convex lenses have their concave sides formed from the radius of a
circle, the concave part being a portion of that circle. The convex sides are
formed from half the radius of the circle of which the concave sides are formed.
the light being at a distance from the lens equal to the diameter of the circle of
which the concave side is formed. Plano-convex lenses have their convex sides
formed from the radius of the circle of which the convex sides are a part, the plane
part being outside half the radius of the circle of which the convex sides are
formed, whilst the light is placed at the same distance from this lens as in the case
of the concavo-convex form.
The lenses may be horizontal or vertical or both combined.
One whole lens may be composed of several lenses both of convex or concave or
plano forms.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood, I will proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying diagrams.
In Fig. 1 A represents the light surrounded by a compound lens B, formed of
several lenses.
At the points where these lenses meet, there are formed small curves (', the
light, in passing through which, is not magnified; and in order to obtain an equal
brilliancy all round, other lenses D. are placed outside and opposite to these nor-
magnifying portions, as shewn at 1, 2, 3 &c. on one half of the figure; or this lens
may be plain as shewn on the other half of the figure, the non-magnifying portions
being compensated for by the addition of a second ontside lens.
Fig. 2 represents a water lens street or other lamp, the principle of which is
similar to that described with reference to Fig. 1, excepting that in this case, water
is contained in receptacles E formed in or combined with the lenses, and the outside
lens has its magnifyers inside. Fig. 3 also represents a water lens lamp, the magni-
fyers F being placed opposite the non-magnifying portions C, so as not to allow the
light to pass out without emerging from them.

page_text: Fig. 4 represents a four corner leap, the side G being provided with one
magnifyer, and the side H having a double lens, one taking up the magnifying of
the light where the other terminates. These lenses may be of solid glass or in
bottle form to contein water, space being allowed for expansion of the water.
Fig. 5 represents another four cornered lamp, the lenses being so placed as to
convey the light to a distance beyond the lamp, whilst the part close to it is supplied
by the ordinary light, for which purpose I also make use of a bottle shaped lens
separate from the glass side of the lamp.
This lens may or may not be part of the lamp glass, and may be solid or bottle
shaped.
Fig. 6 shows a combination of convex and concave lenses adapted for lighting
railway carriages, and in which air may or may not be admitted above the
water or glass magnifyers. Fig. 7 represents another form of lenses for lighting
railway carriages, and used with or without water.
Fig. 8 represents a solid glass convex lens whose raised portions continue the
passage of the light without a shadow although they do not magnify it, but to
continue the magnifying power higher up, 1 employ another outside lens I. Fig. 9
is a diagram showing the manner of forming, by means of circles, a combined
concave and convex lens.
Fig. 10 shows a water lens used for scientific purposes. K are flanges around its
edges which are heated and covered with cement. The lens is then immersed in
water of on equal temperature to the cement, taken out, and filled with water under
pressure it is then allowed to cool and i hermetically sealed. Fig. 11 shows a
lamp chimney combined with a double convex lens.
Dated this 15th day of March 1890.
HUGHES & SON.
5, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lenses, and in Lamp Globes and Chimneys.
I, JOHN WALSH, of 27, (hetto Road, Clapham Common, S.W., Foreman
Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement: -
My invention relates to improvements in lenses and in lamp globes and chimneys,
and consists in the employment of a lens or lenses of solid glass, or of a glass of
various forms, combined with liquid, and I combine cr join several of these lenses
together so as to form one whole lens, whereby the brilliancy of any given light is
greatly intensified. In the construction of my improved lenses, two essential principles
are to be observed, riz.; the distance of the lens from the light, and the curvature of
the lens in relation to that distance. Thus an inside curve lens is formed from a
radius whose length is equal to the radius forming the outer curve of the lens, the
light being also placed at the same radial distance from the lens. Bi-convex lenses
I construct in the following mamer.
For a liquid lens, I estimate the distance of the lens from the light, in regard to
the heat as well as to the magnifying effect. Suppose the lens to be three and a half
inches from the light; with a radius of three and a half inches ; I describe a circle;
a portion of this circle forms the outside curve of the lens.
At a distance of the radius, three and a half inches from the curve, I find a point;
from this point I describe the inside curve of the lens, the light being at the radial
distance from the lens; it will therefore be seen that the curvature of the lens
changes with the distance of the light therefrom.
Concavo-convex lenses have their concave sides formed
rcle, the concave part being a portion of that circle.
from the radius of n
The convex sides are

page_text: formed from half the radius of the circle of which the concave sides are formed,
the light being at a distance from the lens equal to the diameter of the circle of
which the concave side is formed. Plano-convex lenses have their convex sides
formed from the radius of the circle of which the convex sides are a part, the plane
part being outside half the radius of the circle of which the convex sides are formed,
whilst the light is placed at the same distance from this lens as in the case of the
concavo-convex form.
The lenses may be horizontal or vertical, or both combined.
One whole lens may be composed of several lenses both of convex or concave, or
plano forms.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood, reference is
made to the sheet of drawings annexed hereto. In Fig. 1 A represents the light
surrounded by a compound lens B formed of several lenses.
At the points where these lenses meet, small curves C are formed; the light in
passing through which, is not magnified; and in order to obtain an equal brilliancy
all round, auxilliary lenses D are placed outside and opposite to these non-magni-
fying portions; or this lens may be plain; the non-magnifying portions being
compensated for by the addition of a second outside lens.
Fig. 2 represents a water lens street or other lamp, the principle of which is
similar to that described with reference to Fig. 1, excepting that in this case water
is contained in receptacles E formed in or combined with the lenses, and the outside
lens has its magnifyers inside.
Fig. 3 also represents a water lens lamp, the magnifyers F being placed opposite
the non-magnifying portions e so as not to allow the light to pass out without
emerging from them.
Fig. 4 represents a four corner lamp, the side G being provided with one magni-
fyer, and the side H having a double lens, one taking up the magnifying of the
light where the other terminates. These lenses may be of solid glass or in bottle
form to contain water, space being allowed for expansion of the water. Fig. 5
represents another four cornered lamp, the lenses being so placed as to convey the
light to a distance beyond the lamp, whilst the part close to it is supplied by the
ordinary light, for which purpose I also make use of a bottle shaped lens separate
from the glass sides of the lamp. This lens may or may not be part of the lamp
globe, and may be solid or of bottle form.
Fig. 6 shows a combination of convex and concave lenses adapted for lighting
railway carriages, and in which air may or may not be admitted above the water or
glass magnifyers.
Fig. 7 represents another form of lenses for lighting railway carriages, and used
with or without water. Fig. 8 represents a solid glass convex lens, the raised
portions of which continue the passage of the light without forming a shadow,
although they do not magnify it; but to continue the magnifying power higher up,
I employ another outside lens I.
Fig. 9 is a diagram showing the manner of forming, by means of circles, a
combined concave and convex lens.
Fig. 10 shows a water lens used for scientific purposes. K are flanges around its
edges which are heated and covered with cement. The lens is then immersed in
water of an equal temperature to the cement, taken out, and filled with water
under pressure; it is then allowed to cool and is hermetically sealed.
Fig. 11 shows a lamp chimney combined with a double convex lens. Fig. 12 is a
globe lens light shade, which may be either a liquid lens or in solid form. When
more brilliancy is required, than which is obtained from a single lens, I employ two
lenses, one placed inside the other as shown.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :—
1. The method of forming globes with lenses and water receptacles for increasing
or intensifying the lighting power of lamps, such as used in streets, railway

page_text: carriages, or other indoor or outdoor situations, and whether using oil, gas, or
electricity, substantially as and for the purpose herein described and shown.
2. The various forms and constructions of globes and chimneys, arranged and
combined, substantially as and for the purpose described and shown.
Dated this 15th day of December 1890.
HUGHES & SON,
5, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.