IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES AND STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES AND STEAM GENERATORS."
-A communication from abroad by Antoine Etienne Montigny, of
Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 9th October 1869, and dated the 15th April 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th April 1869.
1, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON. of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE POWER ENGINES AND STEAM GENERATORS,"
a communication from abroad by Antoine Etienne Montigny, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a simple and economical construction of
oscillating motive-power engine suitable for driving sewing machines
and performing other light work, and capable of being actuated by
[Pine 81

page_text: o, no, compressed all, and other expanstore gases. AISO to a
cheap and simple form of steam generator, with which the engine above
referred to may be combined, so as to form a portable engine and boiler
complete.
The improved steam generator may also be employed independently
for driving other forms of steam engines.
The essential feature of the improved motive-power engine consists
of a double-action oscillating cylinder worked with a given amount of
expansion without the aid of a slide valve.
According to one arrangement the full-pressure steam (supposing that
to be the agent employed) is first admitted on the piston rod side of the
piston, which is of considerably smaller area than the opposite side,
and after having produced its effect thereon the steam is cut off and is
allowed to operate upon the under side of the piston by expansion only,
when it ultimately escapes by the exhaust. The cylinder may oscillate
upon a fixed stud at or near one extremity, in which stud the requisite
steam and exhaust ports are made so as to communicate as required
with the ports or openings in the cylinder; or the cylinder may oscillate
in a hemispherical seat, or upon trunnions situate about midway along
the cylinder.
In some cases a large and a small cylinder are combined together,
either side by side in one casting or placed end to end, the steam first
operating upon the small piston with the full boiler pressure, and then
upon the larger piston by expansion only. When a stud is used as the
oscillating centre the joint is kept steam-tight by a conical shoulder. on
the stud, and a tightening screw which acts against the cylinder and
keeps it pressed steam-tight against the said shoulder.
The improved steam generator consists of a vertical boiler enclosed
in an outer case of cast iron to brackets on which the engine above
described may be fitted. A fire-brick lining may be placed inside the
outer casing so as to enclose the fire-grate, and immediately above
the grate there is fitted a cylindrical or other shaped vessel placed
vertically and having a central tubular chamber secured therein, such
chamber being open at the lower portion but closed at the top and
forming additional heating surface. The outer vessel, which contains
the water, is bolted at its upper edge to an internal projecting flange
plate, which, with a cap or cover forming a steam dome, is bolted to

page_text: external flanges on the upper part of the external cast-iron casing.
The boiler may thus be taken in pieces, cleaned or repaired, and put
together with the greatest facility.
In some cases tubes and tube plates may be substituted for the water
vessel above described, or a set or groupe of what are generally known
as Field's" boiler tubes may be employed, which may be heated by
ordinary fuel or by illuminating gas. A feed water tank may be formed
on the side of the outer casing by which the temperature of the water
in such tank will be elevate befor it is introduced into the boiler;
a species of fuel hopper may be also cast on or attached to the casing for
containing sufficient fuel to last several hours.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th October 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Jonx
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
April, in the year
sixty-nine, in the
Her heirs and suc-
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Paten, bearing date the Fifteenth day of
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself,
cessors, give and grant ruto, me, the said John Heury Johnson, Her
special license that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES AND STEAM GENERATORS," a com-
munication from abroad by Antoine Etienne Montigny, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Henry Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:-
The said Invention relates to a simple and economical construction
of oscillating motive-power engine suitable for driving sewing machines
and performing other light work, and capable of being actuated by
steam, hot air, compressed air, and other expansible gases. Also to
a cheap and simple form of steam generator, with which the engine
above referred to may be combined, so as to form a portable engine and
boiler complete.
The improved steam generator may also be employed independently
for driving other forms of steam engines.
The essential feature of the improved motive-power engine consists
of a double-action oscillating cylinder worked with a given amount of
expansion without the aid of a slide valve.
According to one arrangement the full-pressure steam (supposing
that to be the agent employed) is first admitted on the piston rod side
of the piston, which is of considerably smaller area than the opposite
side, and after having produced its effect thereon the steam is cut off
and is allowed to operate upon the under side of the piston by expansion
only, when it ultimately escapes by the exhaust. The cylinder may
oscillate upon a fixed stud at or near one extremity, in which stud the
requisite steam and exhaust ports are made, so as to communicate as
required with the ports or openings in the cylinder; or the cylinder
may oscillate in a hemispherical seat, or upon trunnions situate about
midway along the cylinder.
In some cases a large and a small cylinder are combined together,
either side by side in one casting or placed end to end, the steam first
operating upon the small piston with the full boiler pressure, and
then upon the larger piston by expansion only. When a stud is used
as the oscillating centre the joint is kept steam-tight by a conical

page_text: shoulder on the stud and a tightening screw, which acts against the
cylinder and keeps it pressed steam-tight against the said shoulder.
The improved steam generator consists of a vertical boiler, enclosed
in an outer case of cast iron, to brackets on which the engine above
described may be fitted. A fire-brick lining may be placed inside the
outer casing, so as to enclose the fire-grate, and immediately above the
grate there is fitted a cylindrical or other shaped vessel placed vertically
and having a central tubular chamber secured therein, such chamber
being open at the lower portion, but closed at the top, and forming
additional heating surface. The outer vessel which contains the water
is bolted at its upper edge to an internal projecting flange or plate,
which with a cap or cover forming a steam dome is bolted to external
flanges on the upper part of the external cast-iron casing. The boiler
may thus be taken in pieces, cleaned or repaired, and put together with
the greatest facility.
In some cases tubes and tube plates may be substituted for the water
vessel above described, or a set or group of what are generally known
as Field's boiler tubes may be employed, which may be heated by
ordinary fuel or by illuminating gas. A feed water tank may be
formed in the side of the outer casing, by which the temperature of
the water in such tank will be elevated before it is introduced into the
boiler. A species of fuel hopper may also be cast on or attached to the
casing for containing sufficient fuel to last several hours.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I
shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
on all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a vertical sectional elevation one
form of single cylinder double-action expansion engine without slide
valve; Figure 2 is a similar view taken at right angles to Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a horizontal section; Figure 4 represents a double-action
oscillating expansion engine without slide valve, whenever two cylinders
of unequal sizes are employed placed side by side; Figure 5 illustrates
a modified arrangement, wherein the two cylinders are situate end to
end; Figure 6 represents the arrangement of the ports or passages as
adapted to an engine in which the cylinder oscillates on a spherical
base; and Figure 7 represents another modification of spherical base.

page_text: In Figures 1, 2, and 3, « represents the cylinder; b, a cylindrical
socket; and c, a trunnion, which serves as the axis of oscillation.
Within this axis is made the steam inlet passage d and the exhaust
passage c. f is a branch passage leading from the inlet passage d, and
communicating with the lateral passage g on the side of the cylinder,
with the upper end of which it communicates by the opening or port ;
i is the exhaust port in the bottom of the cylinder, and j is the branch
which
passage
conveys the exhaust to the main outlet or exhaust
passage e; is a second port in the bottom of the cylinder, by which
the steam enters beneath the piston, and is an intermediate recess
or channel made in the surface of the trunnion in order to bring the
port into communication with the lateral passage g. A conical
shoulder m is formed on the trunnion c, and a tightening or adjusting
screw n is employed to make the working joint tight. The crank shaft
rotating in the direction of the arrow, and the piston being at the top of
its stroke, the inlet and outlet ports or passages are closed, but so soon
as the fly wheel has passed this point the cylinder will incline to the
right, and the steam from the boiler enters above the piston by the
passages d, f, and 9. and port h. During this period of the stroke of
the piston the lower capacity of the cylinder communicates with the
atmosphere by the port i, orifice j, and passage e. When the piston has
reached the bottom of its stroke the inlet and outlet orifices are again
closed and remain so during the whole of the upstroke of the piston; so
soon as the latter has changed its position or passed the bottom centre the
cylinder inclines to the left, and the channel or recess k, by establishing
a communication between the lateral passage g and the part 1, brings
the upper and lower portions of the cylinder into communication with
each other. The steam which has previously been worked under full
boiler pressure in the upper part of the cylinder now expands into
the lower portion, and exerts its diminished pressure upon the full
area of the under side of the piston, and thus completes the double
stroke.
Figure 4 represents the arrangement which it is proposed to employ
where great pressure is required. It consists in placing the two cylinders
side by side, the relative diameters being in accordance with the given
or fixed degree of expansion at which the engine is to be worked.
The arrangement of the apertures, ports, and
as that described for the single cylinder engine.
passages is the same
If preferred the two

page_text: cylinders may be disposed end to end, as in Figure 5. The screw n
(Figures 2 and 3) may be replaced by a helical or other spring if pre-
ferred, such spring being of sufficient strength to maintain a steam-tight
joint between the conical shoulder m and the bevelled face of the
socket b of the cylinder, or between the spherical surfaces when such
an arrangement is used, as shewn in Figure 7. The point of oscillation
may obviously be situate either at the base of the cylinder or its longi-
tudinal centre, and a trunnion (as in Figure 2) may be employed as a
spherical base or socket, as in Figures 6 and 7, or two trunnions may be
used, as in Figure 5.
The improved steam generator, represented in sectional elevation at
Figure 8, consists of a shell or outer case o of cast iron, upon which
are fixed brackets for the support of the oscillating engine, which is
indicated by the diagram lines colored red. In the outer case o an inner
lining p of fire-clay is fitted, and within this is secured a vertical boiler
in the centre of which is a tube r for the purpose of increasing the
elevating surface. This boiler is rivetted to a cast-iron plate s, upon
which is bolted the dome t, forming a steam chamber; this dome is
traversed by the feed pipe, which descends to near the bottom of the
boiler 2, and also by the steam pipe which leads to the engine. A grate
situate beneath the boiler receives the fuel and the products of com-
bustion escape by a flue and chimney conveniently placed. In lieu of
the vertical boiler q a series of tubes closed at the bottom and fixed into
the plates may be used, whereby the evaporation will be rendered more
rapid.
Figure 7 represents an arrangement of a series of "Field tubes"
applied to the improved boiler, suitable in cases where a power of less
than one horse only is required. As in the case above referred to these
tubes are fixed into the plate s, and they may be heated by ordinary
lighting or other gas, which may be burned in a perforated rose jet, as
shown in Figures 9 and 10. In the small vertical portions, which will
be heated either with coke or coal, a retort or chamber e, Figures 11
and 12) is employed in communication with the furnace u, which is of
fire-clay, such retort containing sufficient fuel to last some hours. The
furnace may also be provided with an outside water pocket x for con-
taining the feed water, which thus becomes considerably heated before
being fed into the boiler.
One of the essential features of these improved steam œeneratore consists.

page_text: of the arrangement of joint, which is formed about the middle of the
height of the generator, and which not being in direct contact with the
flame, may be made and unmade at any time with the greatest facility,
thus affording ready access to all the internal parts for cleaning or
repairs.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
the said Invention, and the mauner in which the same is or may be
used or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The peculiar constructions and arrangements of double-action
oscillating engines with fixed expansion without the use of slide valves,
as herein-before described.
Second. The construction of expansion engines without slide valves,
wherein a fixed degree of expansion is obtained in accordance with
the relative areas of the opposite sides of a single piston or of two
unequal sized pistons, the live steam being first caused to operate
upon the smaller piston area, and then expanded and caused to
operate upon the larger piston area, substantially as herein-before
described.
Third. The peculiar construction and arrangement of steam gene-
rator capable of being readily divided or taken apart for cleaning
or repairs, as herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of
October One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)