CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WARD, of Stratford-on-Avon, in the County of Warwick, Watchmaker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twelfth day of August, in the fifth year of His reign,
did give and grant unto me, the said James Ward, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said James Ward, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said James Ward, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING
BUILDINGS AND OTHER PLACES;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained
a proviso that I, the said James Ward, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited

page_text: Letters Latent, as, reference being thereunto nad, may more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Ward, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say) :-
One of my said improvements in ventilation is shewn in the said Drawing at
Figure 1. A, A, represents a wooden frame, within which a metal tube B, B,
is placed and supported upon an adjusting screw, with a milled head C at one
end, and upon a metal rod D at the other end of it. The outer end of the
rod D acts against the shorter part of the adjusting lever E, which turns
upon a pin or axis at F, passed through a cock affixed to the wooden
frame A, A. To the longer part of the lever E a link or connecting piece G
is affixed by means of a pin or screw passed through one of the holes
made at that end of the lever E, and also through one of the holes made
in another adjusting lever H, which turns upon a pin or axis I, passed
through holes in an arm or bracket J affixed to the frame A, A. The
pin which connects the link G is passed through holes in it, and through
one of the holes which are made near to the shorter part of the lever H,
and the longer part of which said lever is jointed to a metal bar or rod K,
the other end of which is united to an arm L which is affixed upon the.
axis M of a moveable circular plate of metal N, with openings 0, 0, &c., all
around it, and which said openings are made to correspond or agree with similar
openings formed through another fixed or stationary metal circular plate P, P,
placed against or in contact with the plate N, and which said openings the
latter moveable plate thus opens or closes more or less as caused by the expan-
sion or lengthening of the metal tube B, B, or by its contraction or shortening,
and which said expansion or contraction is encreased by means of the three
levers or arms E, H, and L. The axis M, upon which the moveable plate N
turns, is supported at one end in a hole made in the centre of the fixed plate P,
and at the other end in another hole made in the metal bar Q, which is affixed
to the plate P.
Having thus described the various parts of this apparatus, I shall now
proceed to show how they are applied to the improvement of ventilation.
The fixed circular inetal plate P being mounted inside an aperture commu-
nicating with the external air and the metal tube B, B, also affixed horizontally,
perpendicularly, or in any other convenient position near the upper part of:
roum, stable, warehouse, shop, sitting-room, or other parts of buildings
any

page_text: requiring to be ventilated; or the heated air exchanged for the cooler air, o
the reverse, according to circumstances. The heated or cooled air in the
interior of the buildings acting upon the metal tube expands or lengthens
it, or contracts or shortens it, as it is acted upon thereby; and this enlarge-
5 ment or contraction of it are encreased by the compound levers E, H, and L,
and are transferred to the moveable circular plate N, so as to open or close the
apertures 0, 0, &c., in the plates N and P more or less as required, and thus
to introduce fresh air, or to let the heated and contaminated air escape, and
thus promote the ventilation of those places in which the said apparatus is
employed. Hot-houses, stoves, or hot-beds may also be ventilated in a similar
manner; as may likewise be the cabins, holds, or apartments between the decks
of ships, steamboats, or other vessels.
In order to regulate the temperature of places, which may be ascertained
by a thermometer, various adjustments are provided in different parts of tho
levers, or the tube B, B, may be moved by means of the adjusting screw C
which turns in a hole made in that end of the wooden frame A, and acts in a
female screw R affixed in that end of the metal tube B, B, and when, by the
expansion of that tube, the apertures 0, 0, &c., in the plates N and P are
fully opened, and the plate N at rest, and yet the tube B may be acted upon
by an encrease of temperature, and thereby endanger the apparatus by over-
straining it, in that case I have provided a spring S (shown more clearly in
Figure 2), against which the lever or arm L presses, and thus prevents that
mischief from taking place. It is also necessary that the side of the moveable
plate N, N, which is adjoining to the apparatus, should be made heavier than
the opposite side of it, in order to cause it to preponderate and keep it in
bearing. Instead of employing circular perforated plates to admit or exclude
the external air, I can also use straight ones with corresponding parallel slits
or openings in them, such as are shown in Figure 3; and where the moveable
plate is represented as having friction rollers underneath it, acting upon a
ledge made in the lower part of the fixed plate, or where they are placed
in a vertical instead of a horizontal position, and as shown in Figure 4.
Another of my said improvements in ventilation in shown in Figure 5. A, A,
is a wooden frame. Upon one end of this frame a metal plate, bar, rod, wire,
or tube B is affixed, to the other end of which a line or chain T is attached,
which passes around a pulley U mounted in one end of the wooden frame A, A,
and is then united with another metal plate, bar, rod, wire, or tube V, the other
end of which passes through the opposite end of the frame A, A, and is linked
or connected with the shorter end of a lever E, the longer end of which is linked
or coupled by the connecting link G with the shorter arm of another lever H, and

page_text: the longer arm of which said lever is, by means of the rod K, either combined
with the arm or lever L affixed upon the axis of the circular ventilating
plate N, or it may be united with the sliding ventilating plate W by the rod K,
as may be required. X is a female screw or nut, with a milled head. It is
fitted upon the screwed end of the rod K, and acts so as to adjust the
apparatus for temperature, in the same manner as is done by the screw C, in
Figure 1. In Figure 4, B represents a metal tube acting upon the shorter
end of a lever E, turning upon a fulcrum at F, and the longer of which lever
is made to act upon a vertical sliding ventilating plato W, without the use of a
second lever, as shewn in the foregoing examples. Y, Y, are counterbalancing
weights, with lines passed over the pullies Z, Z, to lessen the weight of the
sliding plate W. Where the pulling action is only required without pushing,
a chain or or chains of metal may be substituted in place of the metal plates,
bars, rods, wires, or tubes, before mentioned.
Other kinds of apertures or openings may likewise be employed, such, for
instance, as a swinging or moveable metal, wooden, glass, or other plate,
turning upon an axis placed either horizontally, vertically, or in any other
position, within a tube, trunk, pipe, or other passage, and which may thus bo
opened or closed by tho action of either of the above-described apparatuses,
so as to effect the ventilation of the buildings or other places to which they
be applied.
I do not mean or intend hereby to claim as my Invention any of the various
parts of which these said apparatuses may be composed, but only their combina-
tions and applications to the purposes of ventilating buildings and other places.
Neither do I mean or intend to limit or confine myself to the use or employ-
ment of any particular material or materials in the construction of the different
parts of the said apparatus, but to use any which are fit and proper for the
purpose.
I need not add that the more expansible metals ought to be chosen for
the tubes, bars, rods, wires, or chains, in those parts of the apparatus where
they are employed, as this must naturally occur to any person properly qualified
by his experience to construct the said apparatus.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Ward, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.
JAMES (L.S.) WARD.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of February, in
the fifth year of the reign of His present Majesty King William the Fourth,
the aforesaid James Ward came before our said Lord the King in His
Chancery, and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every
thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And also
the Instrument aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute
made in the fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the
Third
Inrolled the Ninth day of February, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-five.