Improvements in Spraying Apparatus for Applying Paint or similar Substances to Walls or other Surfaces.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1:94
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Mar., 1895-Accepted, 6th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spraying Apparatus for Applying Paint or
similar Substances to Walls or other Surfaces.
We, ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK, Engineer, of Roger Street, Manchester, and
ARTHUR COLLINGS WELLS, of 103 Midland Road, St. Pancras, London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to apparatus for spraying surfaces with paint, whitewash,
tar or other materials which are usually applied by means of brushes.
Our said invention provides improved means for supplying the aforesaid
substances to the spraying nozzles, also improvements relating to the nozzles
and other parts of the apparatus as hereinafter described.
An important feature of our said invention is that we dispense with the
regulating valves such as are used in apparatus heretofore in use at or near the
nozzles for regulating the supply of paint. We do not force the paint or other
substance through the delivery orifice under pressure but we supply it to the
nozzle in such quantity as is required at the moment all of the substance so
supplied being instantly carried off by the air jet.
According to one arrangement we provide an air compressor to be worked either
by hand or by power for supplying the spray injector with compressed air, and
in combination with said air compressor we provide a small pump for pumping
the paint or other substance. This pump is preferably arranged in a small
receiver which holds the substance to be sprayed. The pump is made so that
it can be adjusted with great exactitude to regulate the supply of paint delivered
at each stroke to the nozzle. The paint and the compressed air are conveyed
to the nozzle through independent pipes and meet at the nozzle.. By this con-
struction we dispense with the troublesome adjustment of valves as has been
heretofore necessary, such adjustment being especially troublesome when dealing
with granular substances which tend very soon to silt up the outlet opening and
In combination with the
therefore necessitate constant and careful regulation.
aforesaid pump we provide means for agitating the paint or other substance to
maintain the same thoroughly mixed. We also provide a tap near the outlet,
which tap can be closed by the operator when he desires to cease spraying. The
pump is furnished with a spring connection in the ram or is otherwise so con-
structed that when the aforesaid tap is closed, and the supply of paint therefore
stopped, the pump goes on working and does not become locked, and when the
tap is opened again, the supply immediately recommences.
In those instances where it is not convenient to have the air-compressor and
paint pump combined in one apparatus we draw the air supply from any available
source and we arrange the same to work the small pump which supplies the paint,
said pump and paint receptacle being situated near the spraying nozzle.
According to a modification of our invention we sometimes arrange the paint
or other supply in a receptacle above the work to be done so that it will flow
by gravitation to the spraying nozzles. We connect the same by means of flexible
hose to these nozzles, arranging the supply of paint or other substance so that
it can be seen by the operator.
Where it is desired that the spraying nozzles shall be arranged upon benches for
exemple for coating small articles that are easily handled, we make them a fixture,

page_text: and we arrange the paint or other substance in a vessel or vessels above the nozzles
so that the liquid to be sprayed can be regulated to drop from said vessel or
vessels into a small cup provided upon the spraying nozzle; or we can supply the
liquid to be sprayed by means of the pump as above described.
We prefer to arrange the aforesaid fixed bench spraying nozzles to blow down
vertically so that we can not only gather any liquid not used in a suitable
receptacle arranged to receive the same, but we can also take away conveniently
by a small fan or other suitable means any fumes that may be injurious to health.
Our spraying nozzles have preferably the form of a small ejector and are so
constructed as to throw a variable spray. The nozzles may be single, or two or
more may be combined.
Dated this 20th day of June 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Spraying Apparatus for Applying Paint or
similar Substances to Walls or other Surfaces.
We. RouchSedge Wallwork, Engineer, of Roger Street, Manchester, and
ARTHUR COLLINGS WELLS, Engineer, of 103 Midland Road, St. Pancras, in
the County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to apparatus for spraying surfaces with paint, whitewash,
tar or other materials that are usually applied by means of brushes.
Our said invention comprises improved means for supplying the aforesaid
substances to the spraying nozzles ready to be sprayed. It also comprises
improvements relating to the nozzles and other parts of the apparatus as herein-
after described.
An important feature of our said invention is that we dispense with the
regulating valves such as are employed in spraying apparatus heretofore in use
and which are situated at or near the nozzles for regulating the supply of paint.
We supply the paint or other substance to the nozzles in such quantity as is
required at the moment, all of the substance so supplied being instantly carried off
or ejected by the air jet.
According to one arrangement we provide an air compressor to be worked either
by hand or by power for supplying the spray ejector with compressed air, and in
combination with said air compressor we provide a small feed pump for pumping or
supplying to said spray ejector the paint or other substance to be sprayed. This
pump is preferably arranged in a small receiver which holds the substance to be
sprayed. The pump is made so that it can be adjusted with great exactitude to
regulate the supply of paint delivered at each stroke to the nozzles of the spray
ejector. The paint and the compressed air are conveyed through independent
pipes and meet at the nozzles. By this construction we dispense with the trouble-
some adjustment of valves as has been heretofore necessary, such adjustment being
especially undesirable when dealing with granular substances which tend very soon
to obstruct the outlet opening of the spray ejector and therefore necessitate
constant and careful regulation. In combination with the aforesaid pump we
provide means for agitating the paint or other substance so as to maintain the same
thoroughly mixed. We also provide a tap near the outlet, which tap can be closed
by the operator when he desires to cease spraying. The pump is furnished with a
spring connection in the ram or is otherwise so constructed that when the aforesaid

page_text: tap is closed, and the flow of paint therefore stopped, the pump continues working
and does not become locked, and when the tap is opened again, the flow immediately
recommences.
According to a modification of our invention we sometimes arrange the paint or
other substance in a receptacle which is situated above the work to be done so that
it will flow by gravitation to the spraying nozzles.
Where it is desired that the spraying nozzles shall be arranged upon benches for
example for coating small articles that are easily handled, we make the said
spraying nozzles a fixture, and we place the paint or other substance in a vessel or
vessels arranged immediately above the nozzles so that the liquid to be sprayed
can be regulated to drop from said vessel or vessels into a small cup provided for
the purpose upon the spraying nozzle. The supply of paint or other substance can
thus be seen by the operator. Or we can supply the liquid to be sprayed by
means of the pump hereinbefore mentioned.
We prefer to arrange the aforesaid fixed bench spraying nozzles to blow down
vertically so that we can not only collect any unused liquid in a suitably arranged
receptacle, but we can also remove, conveniently by a small fan or other suitable
means, any fumes that may be injurious to health.
Our spraying nozzles are preferably so constructed as to throw a variable spray.
The nozzles may be single, or two or more may be combined.
In order that our said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect we will describe the same more fully with reference to the accom-
panying drawings in which
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation shewing a machine or apparatus in which the
air compressor and paint pump are combined so as to be simultaneously worked
from the same main shaft.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the air compressor showing its piston in another
position.
Figures 3 and 4 are horizontal cross sections of the air compressor taken
respectively on the lines 1. 1 and 2. 2 of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is an elevation of a movable stand or support for carrying a paint
receptacle in an elevated position above the work, so that the contents of said
receptacle will flow therefrom by the action of gravity.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation shewing a fixed spraying nozzle adapted for
coating small articles that are easily handled.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4 a is the main shaft of the machine carrying fast and
loose belt pulleys a', a, eccentric a³ and fly wheel at the latter being provided
with a crank pin a. This main shaft is mounted in bearings situated at the upper
part of the standard as which latter is made hollow so as to serve as a storage
chainber for the compressed air.
bis the air compressor which supplies compressed air to the said storage chamber
through the passage a'. This air compressor is provided with a piston b' which
receives its motion from the crank pin by the connecting rod b. The piston b'
is furnished with a horizontal pin about which the said connecting rod & cau
freely rock during the reciprocation of the piston. is the cup leather which
is carried by a boss 6 having radial arms said boss being connected to the lower
part of the piston by a stud bolt 6. A space is left between the lower part of
the piston and the radial arms, and air inlet apertures are formed in the said
lower part . On the descent of the piston the pressure of the air within the
barrel of the air compressor causes the cup leather 6 to rise and assume the
position indicated in Figure 1 thereby closing the said air inlet apertures 6°.
When however the piston performs its return movement the cup leather assumes
the position indicated in Figure 2 thus uncovering the apertures and allowing
air from the atmosphere to enter the barrel of the air compressor through the
space 610 and the openings existing between the radial arms be. In this manner
the cup leather performs the function of an air inlet valve and the course taken by
the incoming air serves to keep the piston cool.

page_text: The lower end of the air compressor is provided with a perforated plate 6
beneath which is situated a spring controlled valve. This valve, during the
ascent of the piston, closes the perforations in the plate &" but uncovers them
again as said piston descends thereby permitting the compressed air to pass
through the passage a' into the air storage chamber a. The suid storage chamber
is provided with a pressure gauge a", a safety valve a' and an outlet to which
the air delivery pipe leading to the spraying nozzles is connected.
is
c is the barrel of the feed pump supplying the paint or other substance to the
spraying nozzles and e' is the ram or plunger that works in said pump barrel.
a receiver or chamber which surrounds the pump barrel and contains the paint or
other substance to be sprayed. At each upstroke of the ram the paint is drawn
from this receiver through the apertures into the pump barrel and is forced
therefrom at each downstroke of said ram through the outlet a', a valve c being
provided near the lower end of the pump barrel for preventing the return of the
discharged paint as the ram again ascends. is a spindle connected to the
upper part of the said ram by a screw coupling e' which latter enables the length
of the ram to be varied by turning the hand wheel as subsequently explained.
The strap of the eccentric a³ is provided with a socket e" into which the before
mentioned spindle centers, and the lower end of said socket is screw threaded
for the reception of the out " A spiral spring is interposed between the
the nut and the screw coupling for the purpose hereinafter explained. is
an annular disc which surrounds the pump barrel e and is connected to the ram el
by arms e so that during the reciprocation of the ram, the said ring e causes
the contents of the receiver to be agitatel.
The working of the pump is as follows:-So long as the workman keeps the tap
or valve controlling the outlet of the spraying nozzles open, the ram e contiones
to reciprocate within the pump barrel e and to continuously supply the paint to
the said spraying nozzles but should the workman close the tap or valve of the
nozzles and thereby stop the flow of paint, the ram e' meets with a certain amount
of resistance in its downward movement, which increases at each stroke until such
resistance becomes greater than that of the spiral spring e". Consequently instend
of the ram reciprocating as before it remains stationary or nearly so, while the
socket of the eccentric reciprocates on the spindle c When however the
workman again turns on the tap or valve of the spraying nozzles the resistance to
the flow of the paint is removed and the ram immediately comes into operation and
continues to supply the paint as before.
By turning the before mentioned hand wheel in one or other direction the
length of the ram can be reduced or increased at will and the extent to which
said ram moves in its upward stroke with relation to the apertures c' be thereby
regulated. For instance if said ram be shortened it will cause more paint to be
drawn through the apertures in its upward stroke and will consequently expel
more from the pump barrel as it descends, and conversely when its length is
increased the amount of paint drawn into the pump barrel and expelled therefrom
will be diminished. In this way the paint supply can be adjusted with great
nicety.
It is also to be observed that during the reciprocation of the ram a certain
amount of the paint which is drawn into the pump barrel from the receiver
through the apertures is forced back again through said apertures at qach down
stroke of the rain. This back flow greatly assists in keeping the body of paint
within the receiver thoroughly mixed.
a is a crank handle which is connected to the pin a² on the fly wheel and
enables the machine to be driven by hand instead of by power if necessary.
Referring now to Figure 5 d is a long post or rod which fits into a socket d'
carried by the feet . The upper end of this post or rod is furnished with a disc
or table to which the receptacle for containing the paint or other substance is
connected. is an outlet with which the receptacle is provided and from which
the contents flow by the action of gravity down the delivery tube to the

page_text: spraying nozzles. d', d' are projections serving as steps for enabling the workman
to reach the receptacle d for filling it with fresh paint or for other purpose.
Referring now to Figure 6 which shews a bench jet, e is a receptacle for
containing the paint or other substance employed and which is provided with a
socket el at its lower part for fitting on to a bent arm or bracket f which latter is
capable of adjustment in the socket f' carried by the bench. is a set screw for
locking said arm or bracket in the proper position. The said socket e' is likewise
furnished with a set screw for enabling the receptacle e to be arranged in the
requisite position. The bent arm or bracket fis made hollow so as to serve as a
conduit for the compressed air coming from the air compressor and the upper
extremity of said arm or bracket carries a chamber which communicates with
the air nozzle. Surrounding this air nozzle is a cup terminating at its
lower end in a nozzle through which the paint within the cup can escape. The
supply of paint from the receptacle e to this cup is controlled by the tap or
cock e. The cup" carries a central boss which is tapped on its interior so as
to screw on to the screw threaded portion of the air nozzle f
By turning said cup in one or other direction its nozzle can be caused to
approach or recede from the air nozzle and thus decrease or increase the
annular space between these two nozzles. A variable spray can thus be produced.
Situated vertically beneath the spraying nozzles is a receptacle provided with
a funnel shaped tube which collects the unused paint or other substance coming
from the spraying nozzles above. The receptacle is provided with an opening h
through which any injurious fumes can be drawn off by means of a fan or other
suitable exhausting device.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. In spraying apparatus a machine cousisting of a paint-pump and an air-
compressor worked from the same driving shaft and having their parts constructed
arranged and combined to operate substantially as described with reference to
Figures 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings and for the purposes specified.
2. The arrangement of the receptacle for containing the paint or other substance
in an elevated position upon a movable stand or support substantially as described
with reference to Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings and for the purpose
specified.
3. The spraying apparatus or nozzle for use in coating small articles with paint
or similar substance and adapted to be fixed to a bench or other support
substantially as described with reference to Figure 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
1 1
1002
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.