of Metals due to Changes of Temperature.
Year: 1886

page_text: of Metals due to Changes of Temperature.
I, FRANKLIN E. HAINLEY of Martinsville, County of Clark and State of Illinois,
United States of America, Clergyman, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the utilization of the power generated by the expansion
and contraction of metals due to a change of temperature, and it consists in the
combination of metal bars, or similar structures susceptible of expansion and
contraction by changes of temperature, with a storage device to receive and accu-
mulate the power, and connecting devices whereby the power created by the
expansion and contraction of the metal is conveyed to the storage device, whence
the energy is subsequently drawn to be utilized in any desired manner.
In order that those skilled in the art may make and use my invention I will
proceed to describe the exact manner in which I have carried it out, using in this
particular instance as an illustration of my invention, a construction wherein the
power is stored up in a spring to be subsequently utilized, but the energy may be
stored in a variety of ways, by compressing air for instance, without departing
from the spirit of my invention.

page_text: The frame A consists of uprights a, a held in position at the sides by bars of
steel and brass having thrust in opposite directions so that the expansion of the
brass in one direction compensates for the expansion of the steel in the opposite
direction, and the frame never elongates by change of temperature, but maintains
a normal dimension.
Sustained by the uprights a, a at each end, are two cross-bars C, C lying in the
same plane, near the top of the frame and in a lower plane are secured two addi-
tional cross bars C¹, C¹. The cross-bars C and C¹ sustain a series of metal bars d, d',
laid in two parallel series, and each individual bar forming a factor in the length
of the expanding and contracting medium.
The first one of the lower series of bars is rigidly secured to one of the lower
cross-bars C¹ at e, at its extreme end, whilst its opposite end is pivotted at e¹ in
one end of a short lever f pivotted at i to the opposite lower cross-bar C¹. The
next bar of the series is pivotted to the end k of the short lever f and its
opposite end pivotted to one end of a short pivotted lever fl on the same cross-
bar, to which the initial rod had its end rigidly secured, and so on across the
frame are the bars & arranged each end pivotted as shown to one of the ends of
the short levers f, f¹ until, in the number shown, the tenth is provided in its free
end with a slot 7 to receive the end of a vertically arranged rocking lever D, which
has its fulcrum on a pivot m, formed by a transverse bar set in the uprights. The
Supper end of lever D rises to a line with the upper tier or series of metal bars d
and enters a slot in the end of the outside bar, where it is pivotted. The upper
tier, or series of bars is arranged in a manner similar to the lower series, their ends
being coupled by means of short pivotted levers f, f', and proceeding in reverse
order across the frame, the final bar d is left with a free end n. This free end n
is pivotted in the end of a bent lever E which has a pivotal fulcrum at o at any
convenient point on the framework, so that the movement, to and fro, of the short
arm p will be communicated to, and enhanced in, a long arm p₁ of the bent lever.
The end of the long arm pl of the lever E is bifurcated, or slotted, at its end
as seen at q to receive a pin q¹ by which said lever engages the end of a double
rack-bar F mounted in ways r, r on the storing device frame B, for a purpose
hereinafter set out.
Mounted in the frame B is a shaft 8 on which is mounted a toothed wheel G and
a spring barrel and spring H after the usual manner of a train of clock work
gearing. Also mounted on the top shafts are two loose pinions t, t¹ held in place by
proper collars, and fixed to shaft s; against each pinion t, t¹ is a small pinion t¹, 111
Each pinion t, t¹ is provided with a pivotted gravity pawl 2, 3 so arranged as to
rake in opposite directions and lock the pinions t, t¹¹ together when they move in
one direction of rotation but allowing a separate rotation of pinion t loosely on the
shafts when the rotation is in an opposite direction, the same function being
performed by pinions t¹ and t¹¹¹.
The sliding or reciprocating rack-bar F secured to the long arm p¹ of lever E is
provided with two sets of teeth 4, 5 arranged in different vertical planes. The
teeth 4 project downwardly and intérmesh with the teeth on the top of pinion t
whilst the teeth 5 project upwardly and mesh with the teeth of pinion t¹.
Connected up with the toothed wheel G which receives its impulse from the
energy stored up in the spring is a train of gearing H¹, H", H, provided with
any desired escapement device I through which the power is applied to any desired
purpose.
To prevent overwinding of the spring H I provide a yielding clutch in the
shaft 8 in the following manner. The said shaft is divided by a telescopic joint 7
and the abutting faces are made in curved or wavy lines, which, in their normal
condition, will interlock, being held together by the thrust of a flat spring K bearing
against a collar 8 on the short section of the shaft. When the spring is fully wound
further power applied by the power generator will cause the thrust of 'the curved
or wavy meeting surfaces, of the sections of shaft 8 to force back spring K, so that,
the short section of the shaft can turn independently.
j

page_text: I have shown the pivots of the short levers f, f¹ formed by the ends of continuous
bars having their ends projecting through the cross bars C, C¹, but any other form
or construction of these pivotted fulcrums may be used without departing from the
spirit of my invention.
The normal changes of temperature will so elongate and contract the linear
dimension of the combined rods or bars d, d' as to move back and forth, with great
power, the long arm pl of the bent lever E. The movement of arm p¹ reciprocates
the double rack-bar F, and as this bar moves one way it turns pinion t and it,
being locked by pawl 2 to the ratchet pinion t¹¹, turns the shafts and winds up
spring H; meantime, pinion t¹ turning loosely on shaft 8 as pawl 3 does not engage
to resist against the teeth of pawl pinnion t¹ll. As a change of temperature takes
place the rack-bar is moved in an opposite direction and this time the pinion t¹ is
locked to the shaft s by pawl 3 and the shafts is still turned so as to wind up
spring H the pinion t turning loosely on the shaft.
Thus it will be seen that the energy exerted by the expansion and contraction of
the series of metal bars is transferred to and stored up in the storage mechanism
and thence transferred to equally and continuously perform any desired work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The method herein described of utilizing the energy exerted by the expansion
and contraction of metals due to changes of temperature, consisting essentially
in transferring said force or energy to a storage medium or device and thence
applying it to work to be performed.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.