CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
VARLEY and JOSEPH MACKING, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-third day of
March (One thousand eight hundred and fifty), in the thirteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Varley and Joseph Hacking, our exors, admors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said
John Varley and Joseph Hacking, our exors, adiñiors, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said John Varley and Joseph Hacking, our exors, adñiors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso, that we, the said John Varley and Joseph Hacking,
or one of us, should cause a particular description of the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instru-
ment in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one

page_text: of us, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Varley and Joseph Hacking, do hereby declare that the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully
described and set forth in and by the following Specification thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed (that is to say):
Our Invention consists, first, of an equilibrium slide valve so constructed as
to work between facings in the valve casing, being kept steam-tight by one or
more metallic rings, square or rectangular in their cross section, which, being
cut through at one point, expand outwards by their own elasticity, and are
pressed against the valve box facings by means of springs. Figure 1, Sheet 1,
is a section of a valve casing and a portion of the cylinder of a steam engine
fitted with this improved valve; Figure 2, a section through the line A, A,
a is the steam chest;
of Figure; and Figure 3, a plan of the valve.
b, b, openings communicating with the interior of the valve c, e; and
d, d, the nozzles, leading respectively to the upper and under sides of the
piston. The packing rings e, e', are cut through at one part of their circum-
ference, and drawn together previous to being turned on the periphery, thus
producing a tendency to expand outwards, and causing them to form a steam-
tight joint with the interior of the valve. The valve facing is similar in form
and action to that of the ordinary Dor slide valve, and consists of a returned
piece of metal, forming plate (g, g). The valves c, c', are connected together
by plates of sheet iron h, h', or otherwise, and worked by means of a rod
passing through the casing. The valves are represented in a position to admit
steam from the casing through the opening and nozzle d to the upper side of
the piston, and to allow steam from beneath the piston to escape the nozzle d
into the exhaust chamber h. By moving the valves downward a contrary
effect will be produced, steam being admitted below the piston, and a com-
munication opened between the upper side of the piston and the exhaust
chamber h. Figures 4 and 5 are similar views of a valve casing, in which
the valve is differently applied. The same letters of reference arc used to
denote similar parts. In this modification the valve works in the steam
chamber, and the exhaust steam is made to pass through the valve, while the
packing rings, instead of being within the valve, are on the outside thereof.
Figures 6 and 7 and views of a valve on an enlarged scale, constructed
according to the arrangement first herein-before described.
a

page_text: In
Second, our Invention consists in a method of fitting expansion valves.
order to work the steam to any required degree of expansion, the cut-off
valves are worked by cams or other convenient motion, and are fitted in
blocks placed between the cylinder nozzles and the valve casing. The blocks
in which the slides i work are introduced to afford facility in construction and
repairs.
Third, our Invention consists in a mode of working expansively by means
of a plate placed between the valve casing and the cut-off valve. This plate
is stationary at all times, except when it is required to vary the amount of
expansion, which expansion is regulated by the plate being connected with
the governor by any suitable arrangement, but so as to leave the centrifugal
action of the governor as free as possible. Figures 8, 9, and 10 are views of
a valve casing and valves (similar to those shewn in Figures 1 and 2), with
this improvement applied. j, j, are plates, having orifices corresponding with
b, b, and sliding upon the division of the valve casing. To these plates motion
is imparted from the governor by a communication with the lever k, which is
fixed on the spindle (working through a stuffing box in the valve casing),
and having on its ioner end the double lever m, the ends of which are respec-
tively connected with the levers n and n¹, working on studs at o, o¹, and
attached to the plates j, j', by links p, p¹; or instead of levers a pinion and
racks, as herein-after described with reference to Sheet 5, may be used.
cut-off plates q, q, are connected together and worked by an eccentric in the
ordinary way.
The
Fourth, our Invention consists in an improvement on the Cornish valve.
We form the joint of the bonnet (or cover to the valve) upon the upper part
of the valve seating, and thereby prevent derangement of the valve when it
is necessary to remove and refix the seating. Figure 11 is a vertical section
of the valve; and Figure 12, a plan of the same, partly in section.
are the valve seatings; 61, 61, the valves; and c, the bonnet common to
both valves.
a, a,
Fifth, our Invention consists of a peculiar arrangement of compound
cylinder engine, in which the high-pressure cylinder or cylinders are attached
to the low-pressure cylinder, or to the valve casing, and communicate motion
to a shaft, which has upon it a toothed wheel taking into teeth on the fly
wheel of the main shaft, or into any other gearing required. Figure 1,
Sheet 2, is an elevation, partly in section, of so much of an engine as is
necessary to show this improved arrangement. Figure 2, a plan; Figure 8,
an end elevation; and Figure 4, a horizontal section through the cylinders
and valve casings. a is the pipe by which steam is conveyed to the valves

page_text: b and of the high-pressure cylinders c and c¹; d, d', are cut-off slides,
worked by suitable cams or other means for regulating the amount of expan-
sion in the high-pressure cylinders. A single valve only of the kind first
described is shewn to each high-pressure cylinder. The steam, after acting
on the high-pressure pistons, is conducted from the casings c, e', through
the openings f, f, and pipe g to the opening h in the steam chest i, from
whence it is admitted to the low-pressure cylinder j through the valves k,
in the manner explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2. Motion is com-
municated from the piston rods 1, l, to the cranks n, n¹, on the shaft o, by the
connecting rods m, m'. The shaft o works in bearings p, p, fixed above the
valve casing g, also in the bearing r, which may be supported on a column,
or by other convenient means, and in the bearing s, placed in a wall box.
Motion is given to the valves b, &, through the intervention of suitable levers
by eccentrics t, t¹, the cut-off slides d, d¹, being worked in a similar manner
by the eccentrics u, u². The wheel is keyed on the shaft 0, and gears into
teeth on the periphery of the fly wheel w; or a bevil wheel may be keyed on
the shaft, as shewn in red lines, from which motion may be taken in any
convenient manner. We do not confine ourselves to the precise arrangement
described, as it may be varied in many ways; as, for example, the high-
pressure cylinders may be inverted, and the crank shaft o placed beneath, as
shown at Figure 5.
Sixth, our Invention consists in another arrangement of compound cylinder
engine, consisting of two inverted high-pressure cylinders, the piston rods of
which descend to a cross head beneath. Two connecting rods are carried
upwards from the cross head to a lever, similar to half of the beam of an
ordinary engine. The outer end of this lever is also connected to a low-
pressure piston. The combined power of the cylinders is imparted by a con-
necting rod, attached to the cross head, to a crank placed above the half beam
or lever. This arrangement admits of the employment of a connecting rod of
almost unlimited length. In Sheet 3, Figure 1 is a plan, partly in section,
Figure 2 a side elevation, and Figure 3 an end elevation, of an engine con-
structed according to this improved arrangement. a is the steam pipe for
supplying the high-pressure cylinders; b, a cut-off valve to regulate the expan-
sion; c, a slide valve, which regulates the admission of steam to the ports or
thoroughfares d, d'. The port d communicates with the upper side of both of
the high-pressure pistons, and the port d' with the under sides. After escaping
from the high-pressure cylinders, the steam passes along the pipe e to the
casing of the low-pressure cylinder; its admission to and exit from above
and below the piston of the low-pressure engine may be regulated by valves,

page_text: as in the engine last herein described, or in the ordinary manner.
The piston
rods h, h', of the high-pressure cylinders g, g', are connected to the cross head i,
which is fitted with guide blocks j, j, working between corresponding guides
in the framing. The connecting rods k, k¹, are attached to the cross heads i
and double lever l, having its fulcrum at m, supported by the framing. The
lever is connected by the parallel motion n with the piston rod o of the low-
pressure engine. The accumulated power of the three cylinders is transmitted
from the cross heads i to the crank r by the connecting rod q. The valves for
regulating the admission of steam to the high and low pressure cylinders are
worked by suitable eccentrics or cams on the main shaft; the air and other
pumps may be worked by rods attached to the lever l, or otherwise. This
arrangement may be modified by employing only one instead of two high-
pressure cylinders, or the high-pressure cylinders may be dispensed with, and
the low-pressure cylinder only employed. Another form of compound cylinder
engine, possessing the advantages of compactness and stability, is shewn in
Sheet 4. Figure 1, Sheet 4, is an elevation, partly in section, of the engine,
with portion of the foundation broken away; and Figure 2, a plan. a is the
high-pressure cylinder; b, the piston; and c, the rod, to which is attached one
end of the forked connecting rod d; the other end is connected to the pin or
stud e, fixed in the arm f of the lever ff. The piston rod g of the low-
pressure cylinder is connected in a similar manner to the arm f'. The lever
ff, is keyed on a shaft j; on it is keyed a lever m, which communicates
motion by means of the connecting rod o to the crank p, fixed on a shaft q.
The slide valves may be worked by the excentrics and bell crank t.
A modification of the engine last described is represented in Figure 3,
Sheet 4. a is the high-pressure cylinder; bis piston rod, which is attached to
a cross head, carrying two connecting rods c, whereby motion is communicated
to levers d, d, fixed on the rocking shaft e. The low-pressure cylinder is
similarly connected to the levers d on the opposite side of the shaft c, from
which motion is given by means of the lever f and connecting rod g to the
revolving crank h, keyed on the main shaft of the engine.
Seventh, our Invention consists of an arrangement for working two low-
pressure cylinders. Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 4, are front and side elevations.
The piston rods a, a', are connected by rods b, b', with the double vibrating
lever c, which is keyed on the shaft d. The lever e, also keyed on the shaft d,
gives motion by the connecting rod f to the revolving crank g, keyed on the
main or driving shaft of the engine. This plan affords the opportunity of
getting considerable power in small compass.
Eighth, our Invention consists in various improvements applicable to the

page_text: locomotive engine, which are shewn in Sheet 5. Figure 1 is a cross section
of so much of a locomotive engine as is necessary to shew the improvements;
Figure 2, a sectional elevation of part of the same; and Figure 3, a plan,
partly in section. A, A¹, are the cylinders; and B, B', the steam passages, so
placed that their lower surfaces are slightly inclined from the lowest part of
the cylinders, thus permitting any water which may have passed into the cylin-
ders to escape freely, and avoiding danger of injury from this source to the
cylinder. a is the steam pipe leading to the steam chests b, b', from whence
the admission of steam to the valves c, c, is regulated by the cut-off plate or
valve d, d, (driven by the excentrics e, and working on the expansion plate
f, f) which are adjusted for the required degree of expansion by a suitable
lever, connected with the lever g fixed on the shaft h, which works through the
stuffing boxes in the valve casings, and communicates motion to the expansion
plates ff, by pinions and racks i, i; the admission of steam to, and its exit
from, the cylinders are regulated by valves, as described with reference to
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, (one of which is shewn at c. Each set of valves is
moved by an excentric ¹, keyed on the main or driving axle of the engine, and
acting by the rod k on oscillating slotted levers 1, moving on the centre m, and
connected with the valves by the lever n and rod o. In order to reverse the
engine, the rod connected with the excentric e is moved by suitable levers to
the opposite end of the slotted lever l. The pipes p,p', are in communication
with the exhaust chambers g, g', and permit a portion of the waste steam to
descend into the closed cistern » containing water, from which the pumps for
feeding the boiler derive their supply. The contact of the waste steam with the
surface of the water causes it to become heated before entering the boiler, and
thus effects a saving of fuel. s, s¹, are floats, resting on the water, and acting
by means of levers t, t, supported at the fulcra u, u¹, on the slides v, v', which
are thus raised as water is withdrawn from the cistern. The passages w, w³,
communicate with the usual water tank, and admit water as required, when
the valves are raised in the manner described. x, a, are the waste steam
pipes, terminating in two distinct orifices or blast pipes, from which the waste
steam issues into the chimney y. The chimney y is divided into two portions
by the partition. By this arrangement the waste steam from one cylinder is
prevented from exerting any injurious action on the other cylinder.
Ninth, our Invention consists in a mode of registering the quantity of water
used in the boilers of steam engines, and has for its object to extend the
registration of such quantity over a longer period of time then heretofore,
and for repeated fillings of the cisterns or other vessels from which the boilers
may be fed. Figure 1, Sheet 6, is a front elevation, and Figure 2 a sectional

page_text: elevation, of a registering apparatus. a, a, is a cistern; b, a float connected to
the cord or band c, which passes over the pulley d, which works loose upon the
spindle e, to which it gives motion as the float b descends, by the ratchets f, f,
taking into the ratchet wheel g, keyed on the spindle e.
On the spindle e
is also keyed a small pinion h, which gives motion to a train of wheels i, i, for
registering the quantity of water taken from the cistern. A ratchet wheel K
is fixed on the spindle e, to prevent its turning during the filling of the
cistern.
Tenth, our Invention consists of certain improvements in steam engine
boilers; whereby, first, we prevent a rush of cold air through the flues when
the furnace doors are opened to supply fuel, or for other purposes; and, second,
whereby any dirt or sediment existing in the water in the boiler is collected.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a boiler to which these improvements
are applied; and Figure 3, a plan of the same. A is a shaft, attached to and
revolving with the hinge of the furnace door b, and working in the bearings c,
attached to the boiler d. At the upper end of the shaft a is keyed a lever e,
to which is attached the connecting rod f, communicating motion to the lever
g, which is fixed on the spindle h of the damper i, situated in the main flue
of the boiler. The action of the arrangement here described is to close the
damper by the act of opening the furnace door. If two doors are used to a
furnace, each must have a vertical shaft, as described, which must be so-con-
nected together, by levers or otherwise, that the opening of either door shall'
close the damper, as described. k, k', are vessels, which communicate with the
interior of the boiler, for the purpose of collecting any sediment existing in
the water; they are closed by valves 1, ', opening upwards, and moved by
hand with the assistance of levers o.
Eleventh, our Invention consists of an improved air-pump piston. Figure 1,
Sheet 9, is a sectional view, and Figure 2 a plan of the same. a is the
piston rod; b,'b, the piston; c, c, the packing; d, d, the pump barrel or
cylinder; e, e, is the valve, opening downwards, thereby allowing the fluids to
descend; ff, are two links, attached to the valve e, and connected to the
balance lever g, g, working upon the mounted pins h, h. In this description of
piston we place the delivery valve at the lower end of the pump.
Its action
is as follows:-As the piston ascends, the fluids of condensation fal lthrough
the piston by the opening of the valve e, and, on its descent, the weighted
lever y closes the valve e, by which means the fluids are finally expelled through
the delivery valve. We make the valve e slightly concave on the under side, in
order that the disengaged air may be carried down in the centre of the piston
rather than at the circumference..

page_text: Twelfth, our Invention consists of an improved oscillating and condensing
engine, to which a modification of our improved air pump piston is applied.
Figure 3 (Sheet 9) is a sectional elevation, and Figure 4 a sectional plan of
the engine. a is the steam pipe, communicating by a passage with the steam
chest b, from whence its admission to, and exit from, above and below the
cylinder are regulated. The condenser c is placed at one end of the steam
cylinder, between which and the condenser is a non-conducting substance d.
e is the air pump, worked by a continuation of the steam piston rod f. At
the lower end of the air pump is placed the delivery valve g, from which the
fluids pass by the pipe h, h, and through the trunnion i into the hot well j.
The injection pipe k, k, passes through the hot well and trunnion i to a jet
or orifice in the condenser. Motion is communicated from the piston rod f
direct to the crank m.
a, a, is
Thirteenth, our Invention consists of an improved method of, or apparatus
for, regulating the supply of fuel to steam boiler furnaces. Figure 4 (Sheet 8)
is a front elevation, and Figure 5 an end elevation of our apparatus.
the receptacle for fuel; b and c are cone drums, placed upon the upright shafts;
d, d, is a crossed driving belt; e, e, are two strap forks, fixed upon the slide
rods f, bolted to the cross head g, which is connected to the bell crank lever h,
operated upon by the rod z, which is cither connected to the expansion gear
or worked by hand, as most convenient. The result of this arrangement is,
that if the strap forks are raised or depressed, a variable motion will be im-
parted to the cone c; and as the upright shaft on which the cone c is keyed
gives motion to the feed rollers of the hopper, the amount of fuel supplied to
the furnace is varied accordingly.
Fourteenth, our Invention consists of a new and improved mode of work-
ing the slide and cut-off valves of steam engines by the governor or other-
wise, for the purpose of working the steam expansively. In Sheet 7, Fig. 1
is a front elevation of this apparatus; Fig. 2, an end elevation of the
same; Fig. 3, an elevation, partly in section; and Fig. 4, a cross section
of the same; Fig. 5 is another sectional elevation; and Fig. 6, a plan,
partly in section.
a, a, is the main or crank shaft; b, a spur wheel, placed
upon the crank shaft, and gearing into the wheel c, which gears into
the wheel d, gearing into the wheel e upon the shaft f. The wheels c and
d are mounted in blocks g, 9, 9', g', which are fitted and slide in curved
slots h, concentric with the wheels band e in the casing i. The blocks
g, g', are connected together by means of rods j, j', working on studs screwed
into the blocks g, g'. To the blocks g, g', are fixed the toothed segments
k, k', into which gear the tangent worms 1, 1', keyed on the mounted shaft

page_text: m, m', which are geared together by the wheels n, n'. To the casing i are
bolted the pedestals for the governor in the usual manner. Upon the sliding
collar of the governor are keyed two friction cones o, o', which act upon the
variable friction cone p, which is covered with leather or other suitable material
for giving a due amount of friction, and is keyed upon the shaft q, which slides
to and fro in the bearings 1, 1. As the cones o, o', are at intervals brought
in contact with the cone p, by the action of the governor and spiral spring s,
the spring s acts at one end against the bush t, and at the other upon a collar
attached to the shaft q. The end of the shaft q is fitted with a key, and slides
freely through the bush t, which revolves with it. Upon the bush t is fixed the
pinion, which gears into the carrier wheel w, which takes into the wheel n.
An index plate is placed at æ, to shew, by means of a pointer y, attached to the
sliding block g, the amount of expansion at which the engine is working.
To the block g is also connected the rod, which regulates the supply of fuel,
the action of the damper, or the condensation injection cock. The action
of the foregoing arrangement is as follows:-Should the engine be going either
too fast or too slow, the rising or falling of the governor balls brings the friction
cones into contact, and by and through the intermediate gearing, changes the
position of the wheels c and d on the peripheries of the wheels and e. The
wheel b being the driver on the crank shaft, the relative position of the wheel e
upon the shaft will be altered by about half of a revolution with the wheel b,
by advancing or receding the carrier wheels c and d thence. Upon the shaft f
we place the cut-off' cam, excentric, or stud, whilst upon the main shaft a is
placed the cam for giving the slide valve its full traverse; or the same may be
given by studs, fixed in the wheels band e, and acting on suitable inclined or
curved plates, fixed on the excentric rod or valve connection. By the foregoing
arrangement the governor acts as usual upon the throttle valve, whilst the
variable expansion geer is altered with greater or less rapidity, according to
the wants of the engine, the supply of fuel and of air to the fire and of water
to the condenser being at the same time increased or diminished.
Fifteenth, our Invention consists of another novel and peculiar arrangement
of expansion apparatus. Fig. 7, Sheet 7, is a plan, and Fig. 8 is an elevation
thereof. a, a, is the main or crank shaft; b is the usual fast excentric, and
upon its boss is keyed the wheel e, which geers into the spur wheel f, of double
breadth; the other part of which, excepting side clearance, geers
into the spur
wheel g, which in a similar manner geers into the wheel c, keyed upon the boss
of the excentric d, which revolves upon the crank shaft. To the end of the
excentric rod d is attached the expansion or cut-off valve. The wheels f and g
are boxed in suitable bearings attached to a boss, supported by the crank shaft

page_text: revolving thereon; and the positions of the wheels f and 9 are alterable on the
peripheries of the wheels e and c by means of the tangent worm k, mounted
in suitable bearings, and working in the toothed segment i, i. By this arrange-
ment the excentric d will be driven in an opposite direction to the crank shaft,
and the relative positions of the excentrics are rendered capable of being
changed by means of the worm k (so as to cut off the steam earlier or later)
whilst the engine is in motion.
Sixteenth, our Invention consists of another arrangement for working
expansively. Fig. 1, Sheet 8, is a plan. Fig. 2 a side elevation, and Fig. 3 a
horizontal section of the apparatus. In these Figures the crank or driving
shaft is shown at a, a. is the usual excentric for working the D or other
slide valve, and keyed fast as usual on the crank shaft. Upon the excentric
boss is keyed a spur wheel c. dis another excentric, working loose upon the
shaft, and upon the boss of which is keyed the wheel e, similar in size to the
wheel c, which wheels cand e geer into the wheel f, keyed upon a separate
and independent shaft g, which can be traversed from right to left by means of
the lever l, or other suitable application; the wheel fequals in breadth the
wheels cand e upon the excentrics and d. The wheel f has upon its boss
two other wheels h and i, which contain upon their circumference a smaller or
a larger number of teeth than the wheel f, which are bored conical, and tightly
fitted upon bosses on each side of the wheel f; and to increase the friction
thereof there are two steel concave plates j. j, the outer edges of which are
screwed tightly against the sides of the wheels h and i by means of nuts
m, m', screwed upon the shaft g, g. Hence, it will be perceived, whilst the
wheelf is in geer with the wheels c and e, the excentrics will remain in the
same relative position with each other; and when, by the agency of the lever k
the wheel his slid into geer with the wheel e, the excentric d will advance and
change its relative position with the excentric b; but when the wheel is slid
into geer with the wheel e, the excentric d will be moved backward, and the
expansion or cut-off valves being connected thereto, the amount of expansion
may be regulated whilst the engine is in motion.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as our
improvements in steam cagines and apparatus connected therewith,-
First, the construction of equilibrium valves through which the working
steam passes to the cylinder; also the employment of rings, the cross sections
of which are square or rectangular in the construction thereof, as herein-before
exemplified and described.
Second, the introduction of plates or slides between the cylinder nozzles or

page_text: steam passages, and the valve facing, for the purpose of cutting off the steam at
any required period of the stroke, as described.
Third, the placing of expansion plates under the cut-off valves, and
thus forming moveable thoroughfares or passages, by which the expansion is
regulated.
Fourth, the connecting of a high-pressure cylinder or cylinders working a
distinct crank shaft to a low-pressure cylinder, and working the two as a com-
pound cylinder engine, as herein-before described and represented in Sheet 2
of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Fifth, the peculiar arrangement of parts of the compound cylinder
engine, represented in Sheet 3, whether one or two high-pressure cylinders
be employed.
Sixth, the particular arrangement of parts of the three forms of engines,
shewn in Sheet 4 of the Drawings hereunto annexed and herein-before
described.
Seventh; placing the steam passages of horizontal engines at the lowest
part of the cylinders, as described with reference to Sheet 5 of the Drawings
hereto annexed.
Eighth, the peculiar arrangement of valves as described with reference to
Sheet 5 of the Drawings hereto annexed, and applied to locomotive engines.
Ninth, the arrangement represented at Figures 2 & 3, Sheet 5, for working
and reversing the valve of each cylinder of locomotive engines, irrespective of
the cut-off slide with one excentric.
Tenth, the employment of a portion of the steam after its passage through
the engine to heat the water used for filling the boiler of a locomotive
engine, as herein-before exemplified and described.
Eleventh, the steam boiler registering apparatus, as described and repre-
sented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 6.
Twelfth, connecting the doors of steam-engine furnaces with a lamper or
alve placed in the flues, as herein-before described.
Thirteenth, the attaching of vessels or receivers to steam-engine boilers,
or the purpose of collecting the sediment therefrom, as herein-before
lescribed.
gear to
Fourteenth, the application of cone drums or other variable
urnace hoppers, for regulating the supply of fuel controllable by expansion
ear.
Fifteenth, the construction of air-pump pistons, through which the fluids
f condensation descend in their passage from the pump.

page_text: Sixteenth, the combination of different-sized spur pinions sliding into gear
with two other spur wheels, whereby the position of a cam or eccentric can
be altered while the engine is in motion.
Seventeenth, the combination of spur gearing, wherein two or more spur
wheels move over the peripheries of two other or more spur wheels, for
altering the position of eccentrics, cams, studs, or other cut-off gear.
Eighteenth, the application of a spring weighted lever, or other yielding
reacting medium, to a friction cone or other variable gear, whereby a variable
altering motion is commuted to the expansion gear.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Varley and Joseph Hacking, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of September
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty.
THE