IMPROVE MENTS IN ICH HOUSES, AND IN GLACIARIA OR SEATING PLACES, AND IN BATHS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus William Parker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
September 1865.
I, AUGUSTUS. WILLIAM PARKER, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist,, do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN ICH HOUSES, AND IN GLACIARIA OR SEATING PLACES, AND IN BATHS," to
be as follows:-
Hitherto various arrangements of apparatus have been proposed for
refrigerating liquids by artificial means, and the main objects of such arrange-·
ments have been to produce ice in such manner. as to allow of its ready
removal from the freezing apparatus to be applied to various uses. Whereas
my Invention has for its object to maintain ice or liquid in a refrigerated or
congealed condition, principally in order to present surfaces in a suitable state
for being skated or slidden on, and thus supply a want long felt. And it
has also for object to apply the heat absorbed during the process by the water
used for condensing in order to maintain the heat of a tepid bath. My
Invention consists in constructing apparatus in manner herein-after described,
whereby I continuously extract or absorb the heat communicated to the ice
or liquid, either from the atmosphere or otherwise, and thus prevent its
liquefaction. The apparatus consists of a chamber or building provided with

page_text: any ordinary arrangements for preventing conduction of heat from its interior,
or else the chamber may be constructed of some conducting surface, over
which a stream of water is caused to flow, and thereby absorb heat. On its
floor, or in a tank or a vessel fixed therein, I fit a refrigerator formed of a coil,
worm, or series of pipes, which I surround with water, to be frozen. I some-
times suspend a similar arrangement over the water. Through this worm
or pipe is transmitted ether or other volatile liquid, which is evaporated;
or liquid carbonic acid or other liquefied gas or ammoniacal gas may be used.
The agents used may be recovered by any ordinary processes. The heat
which effects the evaporation of the volatile liquid is the heat conducted or
given off from the air or water which is being cooled by the refrigerating
pipes, whereby the temperature of the air is reduced, and the water is frozen.
For condensing the volatile gases or cooling the absorbing liquors I generally
use a coil or worm of horizontal tubes placed one over the other, over which
streams of water are caused to flow. Sometimes instead of evaporating the
liquor in the refrigerator of the glaciarium I combine therewith a separate
vessel containing a worm surrounded with brine or other liquor which will
not congeal at 32° F., and the cooled liquor I cause to circulate through the
refrigerator of the glaciarium. Salts may be dissolved in water or mixed with
ice or snow and carried into the refrigerator of the glaciarium. The salts may
afterwards be recovered by evaporation.
By the means which I have described the refrigerating pipes being in a
chamber and' surrounded by water and by air, -a very reduced temperature
is obtained, and the ice so produced is maintained in a solid or congealed
state, and offers a sufficiently substantial surface for being skated or slidden
upon.