A New Method of Connecting Trap and other Drains to Main Drains or Sewers, also an Improvement in Pipe Junctions to be Used therewith.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 5th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 8th Feb., 1887.
A New Method of Connecting Trap and other Drains to Main Drains
or Sewers, also an Improvement in Pipe Junctions to be Used
therewith.
I THEODORE CHARLES TROUBRIDGE WALROND of 11 Rockley Road, West
Kensington Park, Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:
The object of this invention, is to obviate the usual costly excavations in the
earth when drain connections have to be laid between, say, a house and the main
drain or sewer, and also to expedite the laying of the connections by first opening the
ground to a slight fall and then carrying the pipe to a trench to be made just over or
close to the main drain or sewer down which, trench pipes are set vertically and
arranged to fit into a special section of junction pipe or pipes for side flow into main
pipes, or for top-flow into them, the mouth leading into the flow direction.
For the purpose of my invention, I make the mouth of the main or sewer junction
point upwards from the side of said junction so that whilst the sewer is being
constructed a vertical pipe can be fitted into the junction and carried up in the same
trench as that in which the main drain or sewer itself is laid without any additional
excavation whatever, until it is at a suitable level for branching off horizontally at a
proper inclination or gradient to the house or gully as the case may be, the pipe
being vertical is not liable to injury from any settlement of earth in the trench.
The improved junction is applicable to every description of sewer, of whatever shape
and of whatever material it may be constructed.
In sewers of which complete sections are laid at a time as in ordinary pipe sewers,
not being sewers in which pipes known as "capped" pipes are used, the junction is
preferably in one piece with the section to which it belongs (i.e. through which the
communication between drain and sewer is effected); in segmental sewers the junction
is preferably in one piece with the particular segment to which it belongs; and in
sewers laid with "capped" pipes the junction pipe is preferably in one piece with
the can

page_text: In sewers which are not built up in sections or segments as above but are turned
on centres in the trench (like ordinary brick or concrete or brick and concrete sewers)
the junction consists of a moulded block of any suitable material, but preferably of
stoneware or of compressed concrete, built into the sewer as the work proceeds in the
same way as the junction blocks" in ordinary use.
The junctions may be both right and left handed and in sectional sewers two or
even more may be formed in the same section, or the same section may have an
ordinary junction on one side and one of my junctions on the other &c.
The junction may be connected with the vertical pipe in any way whatever, but
ordinarily by means of a socket joint.
To keep the junction pointing vertically and to support it in case of any undue weight.
being put upon it a foot piece or pedestal is employed, which foot piece may either he
in one piece with the junction or else independent of it. If separate and independent
may be of a different material from the junction, if so desired. The shape of the
foot piece is immaterial so long as it supports the junction properly. It may consist
of a block of concrete only.
it
The foot piece may be dispensed with if thought desirable and this is to be
recommended if the sewer is surrounded with concrete as it saves expense.
No foot piece is required when the junction pipe enters through the crown of the
sewer.
The junction pipe can be carried through the crown instead of through the side of
the sewer and in order to impart to the descending sewage as it enters the sewer a
horizontal motion in the direction in which the main current is flowing I make the
junction pipe with a sweeping entrance the sweep being long enough to prevent any
sewage falling direct into the sewer without first impinging upon the curved portion.
The junction pipe can be trapped whether from the side or from the top to prevent
sewage gas rising from the sewer into the house drain, said traps or connections being
in a piece with the junctions by moulding or otherwise.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said T. C. T. Walrond.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New Method of Connecting Trap and other Drains to Main Drains
or Sewers, also an Improvement in Pipe Junctions to be Used
therewith.
I, THEODORE CHARLES TROUBRIDGE WALROND of 11 Rockley Road, West.
Kensington Park, Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention, is to obviate the usual costly excavations in the earth
when drain connections have to be laid between, say, a house and the main drain or
sewer, and also to expedite the laying of the connections by first opening the ground
to a slight fall and then carrying the pipe to a trench to be made just over or close
the main drain or sewer down which trench pipes are set vertically and arranged to fit
into a special section of junction pipe or pipes for side flow into main pipes, or for top
flow into them, the mouth leading into the flow direction.
For the purpose of my invention, which will be clearly understood by reference to
the annexed drawings, in which Figure 1 is a part sectional elevation of a sewer
junction, I make the mouth a of the main or sewer junction b point upwards from the
side of said junction, so that whilst the sewer is being constructed a vertical pipe c (see
Figure 2) can be fitted into the junction of the sewer d and carried up in the same
trench e as that in which the main drain or sewer d itself is laid without any additional
excavation whatever, until it is at a suitable level for connecting to the house or gully
drain, as the case may be, of whatever inclination or gradient, the pipe c being
vertical is not liable to injury from any settlement of earth in the trench.
The improved junction is applicable to every description of sewer, of whatever
shape and of whatever material it may be constructed.
In sewers of which complete sections are laid at a time as in ordinary pipe sewers,
not being sewers in which pipes known as "capped" pipes are used, as represented at
Figure 2, the junction is preferably in one piece with the section to which it belongs
(i.e. through which the communication between drain and sewer is effected) in
segmental sewers the junction is preferably in one piece with the particular segment
to which it belongs; and in sewers laid with "capped" pipes, the junction pipe is
preferably in one piece with the cap.
In sewers such as that shown at Figure 3, which are not built up in sections or
segments as above but are turned on centres in the trench (like ordinary brick or
concrete, or brick and concrete sewers) the junction consists of a moulded block v,
shown separately at Figure 4, of any suitable material, but preferably of stoneware or
of compressed concrete, built into the sewer as the work proceeds in the same way as
the "junction blocks" in ordinary use.
The junctions may be both right and left handed and in sectional sewers, two or
even more may be formed in the same section, or the same section may have an
ordinary junction on one side, and one of my junctions on the other &c. Figures 5
and 6 show example of junction pipes constructed as described above.

page_text: The junction may be connected with the vertical pipe in any way whatever, but
ordinarily by means of a socket joint.
To keep the junction pointing vertically and to support it in case of any undue
weight being put upon it, a foot piece or pedestal g (Figure 2) is employed, which
foot piece may either be one piece in with the junction or else independent of it.
If separate and independent, it may be of a different material from the junction, if so
desired. The shape of the foot piece is immaterial so long as it supports the junction
properly. It may consist of a block of concrete only.
The foot piece may be dispensed with, if thought desirable and this is to be recom-
mended if the sewer is surrounded with concrete as it saves expense.
In Figure 7 I show the communication between the house or gully drain and the
vertical pipe made by means of a junction j.
No foot-piece is required when the junction pipe b enters through the crown of the
sewer d, as represented at Figure 7, instead of through the side of the sewer and in
order to impart to the descending sewage as it enters the said sewer da horizontal
motion in the direction in which the main current is flowing, I make the junction pipe
of a shape similar to those shown by Figures 8 and 9 with a sweeping entrance, the
sweep being long enough to prevent any sewage falling direct into the sewer without
first impinging upon the curved portion h. i is a strengthening piece which I prefer
to use in junctions for top flow.
The junction pipe or junction block can be trapped whether from the side or from the
top to prevent sewage gas rising from the sewer into the house drain, said traps or
connections being in a piece with the junctions by moulding or otherwise.
Figure 9 shows a way in which the drain may be trapped when the vertical pipe
enters the crown of the sewer and Figure 10 shows the junction pipe trapped from the
side.
In Figure 11 I show a method of connecting a house or gully drain with one of my
junctions when the main drain or sewer is laid in a heading or tunnel k instead of in
an open trench as shown in Figure 2. The position of said junction / being known
I find by measurement on the surface of the ground a point immediately over it and I
sink a borehole until the junction is reached and in the said borehole I set a vertical
pipe or pipes c of iron or any other suitable material carried into the junction and
communicating with the house or gully drain by means of either a bend or a
junction (as shown in Figures 2 and 7) or in any other convenient manner.
Figure 12 shows a junction block built in the crown of a brick sewer. The
junction blocks may be used in combination with any suitable independent trap was
shown in Figure 12 or may be formed so as to be in one piece with the trap.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
The improved method of connecting trap and other drains to main drains so that
the direction of the flow into the sewer may correspond with the direction of the main
flow of sewage in the said sewer as described, the vertical pipe and the trap or other
connections being arranged as shown in the annexed drawings.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said T. C. T. Walrond.