Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Nov., 1886.
Specification Accepted, 1st Mar., 1887.
We, CHRISTOPHER THOMAS WORDSWORTH, and JOHN WOLSTENHOLME, both of
Albert Works, Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to motors wherein a homogenous mixture of hydro-carbon and
air or other combustible vapour and air, is compressed, by the action of a piston moving
in a cylinder, hereinafter termed the compressing cylinder, into a pipe, reservoir or
chamber previous to its admission into another cylinder, hereinafter termed the working
cylinder, and is afterwards further compressed up to, or near, the point of ignition in
the working cylinder. The increase of pressure due to the combustion of the said
gaseous mixture therein contained, causes a piston, which is connected to a crank and
Hy-wheel shaft, to move outwards in the working cylinder, thus imparting motion
until nearly the full throw of the crank ihereby giving off work at every revolution.
The residuum of exploded gases are partly expelled by the influx of the fresh,
entering combustible charge, and parily by the instroke of the working piston,
through a suitable port or ports or valve which may be placed in or on the cylinder,
as partly shown in Patent No. 70392.
The object of this invention is to modify the construction of the various parts shown
and described in Patents 70382 and 35683 for the purpose of using liquid hydro-carbon
and air, or other combustible vapour and air, as a charge in the working cylinder at
every revolution when at full power, and an improved method of preparing and using
liquid hydro-carbon or other combustible vapour, for the purpose of forming a
combustible charge for the working cylinder, and also for the purpose of preparing a
gaseous mixture for igniting the combustible charge in the working cylinder through
the medium of a heated tube & bunsen burner, or by a flame contained in a slide or its
equivalent.
And in order that our invention may be better understood we have caused to be
appended hereunto two sheets of drawings marked with letters of reference indicating
like parts in the various figures.
Fig. 1 sheet I is a side elevation.

page_text: Figs. 6, 7 & 8 are detached views of the charge inlet slide and cylinder face
respectively.
Fig. 9 sheet II is a vertical section, & Fig. 10 a plan, of the heater, respectively.
Figs. 11 & 12 are vertical cross sections of the mixing apparatus.
Fig. 13 is a longitudinal section and Fig. 14 a plan of the gas making apparatus.
Fig. 15 is a sectional side view of an improved form of receiver.
Figs. 16, 17 & 18, are diagrams of the relative positions of cranks, cycle of
operations, and various functions of the motor.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2 & 3, Sheet I, a is the working cylinder with a water jacket
surrounding it.
a is the working piston connected to crank b, by a rod (not shown), c is the
compression cylinder. e' the compression piston and connected by a rod (not shown)
in any well known manner, to crank b¹ on crank shaft.
The compression cylinder c is connected by a pipe d to a port d' leading to the
position of charge inlet valve on the working cylinder, which is shown enlarged in
Figs. 4 & 5.
e is the charge inlet valve or slide having a cavity e¹ on its face, and causes com-
munication to be made between ports d² and d³.
When charge inlet valve is moved to the position shown in Fig. 4, port d³ is brought
into communication with a reservoir or receiver. The back cover y holds charge
inlet valve e up to its face.
e is another cavity which cuts through the body of charge inlet valve e, by a port 2³,
and opens to a port g' and air passage g², in back cover g.
A
h is a small cylinder which is provided with a piston moving freely in it, and fixed
on the end of a spindle, attached to the extremity of the charge inlet valve e.
spring in compression, presses charge inlet valve in the direction of the cranks
when no other resistance is offered, and brings small piston ¹ up to the end of its
cylinder, and thus trapping off a small volume of air, by reason of being cut off from
hole 3, and takes away or reduces the impact that would otherwise occur.
is a regulator, a projecting part of which passes through a close fitting hole of the
back cover g, and is pressed against the charge inlet valve e by the action of springs as
shown, so as to arrest any leakage of the working faces, the regulator i has a small
passage or hole which leads to the centre of a conical plug J, having suitable passages,
and a stem and handle, as shown in Fig. 5, and is pressed against the coned surface
through spring. Jis a pipe connected to, and conveys the liquid hydro-carbon
from reservoir 3, and another regulating tap J.
kis the governor and is connected through levers and link ², the lower end of
which is coupled by a pin, and supports a tumbling lever or filling piece ³, one end of
which is attached to and pivots on the eye of charge inlet valve e.
The eccentric or crank shaft through the means of rod 1, moves through a suitable
guide, a plate having steel contact edges and hardened, and when in line engages
the tumbling lever ³, and thus causing the charge inlet valve e to move away from
the position of the crank shaft.
The position of charge inlet valve e, as shown in Fig. 4 corresponds to the extreme
part of its stroke, when forced there by the action of the eccentric 1, and contact
pieces previously referred to.
:
When the charge inlet valve e is forced by the spring into a neutral position,
communication is cut off between port 3 leading to the cylinder and port d², and
pipe f, leading to the receiver, and also cavity ? and slots e¹, and port e³, is cut off
from air port and pipe g¹ & g², but cavity links ports d' and d², in this position, so
that there is communication between the compression cylinder e and the receiver f
When the fly-wheel is turned by hand or other suitable means the compression
piston e draws into cylinder e, a combustible charge, through pipe d, and port d' of
the cylinder face and through cavity e², in charge inlet valve e.
The air enters the cavity from port gl and pipe g², in back cover and picks up
the liquid hydro-carbon, which may be flowing from the regulator i, through small
passages previously referred to which by this time is in communication with a slot and

page_text: small hole or holes e in charge inlet valve e the inrush of air absorbs the moisture and
is carried into the compression cylinder and afterwards forced in the receiver through
pipe f, and ports d' and d², and cavity of charge inlet valve e, and held there at
any desired pressure, when motion of the engine causes charge inlet valve e to cut off
communication between the receiver and compression cylinder c, the pressed up
charge stored in the receiver f expands through ports d² and d³ of cylinder face and
cavity e¹ of charge inlet valve e, and lifts the back pressure valve d³, and enters the
combustion chamber of the working cylinder a.
A short time before this takes place the exhaust ports a³ have released the hot gases
from the working cylinder into the atmosphere.
The working cylinder a then becomes charged with a homogenous mixture of
combustible vapour and is pressed up by the action of the working piston a' in its
cylinder, and then ignited through any well known means.
k
When the speed of the engine becomes excessive the governor by means of link k
lifts tumbling lever 3 out of line of sliding plate or engaging piece and the charge
inlet valve e remains at rest.
Communication exists between the receiver f, and compression cylinder c at this
time through their respective ports and passages, as hereinbefore described, and the
charge is passing to and from the cylinder e as the motion of the piston continues.
a is a ring which may fit the bore of the cylinder a or any other suitable position,
such as a recess formed to receive it, and conducts the fresh entering charge through
a number of holes a, as shown by the direction of the arrows, and checks the velocity
of the charge as it passes down the working cylinder «, it also serves to thoroughly
vapourize any moisture coming over with the charge and better prepares it for
combustion, at the right time for ignition.
When the exhaust gases are released from the working cylinder a, the fresh charge
enters the explosion chamber from the receiver f, and in some cases, partly from the
compression cylinder, and commences to push before it the products of combustion
resulting from the previous explosion and is still further helped to expel these products
by a portion of the return stroke of the working piston a¹.
This principle is shown and described in Patent 70382, but the relative position of
the cranks in this case is varied to suit the various functions of the charge inlet valve.
The range and time of exposure for liberating the burnt gases from the working
cylinder a through the exhaust ports a² or valves, through the combined action of
the fresh entering charge and working piston a', is nearly the same as shown and
described in the previously mentioned Patent 70352.
The charge or compression cylinder may have one or a number of perforated
plates or wire gauze attached to the end or in close proximity to the charge inlet port,
for the purpose of pulverizing the spray, and better preparing it for evaporation.
If desirable to use gas in lieu of hydro-carbon liquid or petroleum spirit, we simply
detach the back plate y shown in Figs. 4 & 5, and substitute the same by another,
having suitable air inlet and gas inlet port, and connect the latter in any well known
manner to the gas main.
Referring to sheet II, Figs. 9 & 10 show an improved method of preparing a
combustible mixture for the working cylinder by having a separate air pipe connection
to a heater e, which is shown applied in Fig. 1. Sheet I, but may also be applied to
other types of hydro-carbon liquid or gas engines with the exception of compound
engines, the combustible charge or air may be drawn through the same at any desired
temperature above atmosphere for the specified purpose of assisting the evaporation of
the liquid hydro-carbon in the charge or compression cylinder c.
U
This heater contains a suitable number of partitions & formed around the silencing
hox 2 or other part through which the exhaust may be expelled, in such a manner as
to give the combustible charge or air which enters at and leaves at a tortuous
passage & thus warming or heating the same.
Figs. 11 & 12 show other means by which a combustible mixture for the working
cylinder may be prepared, which may be used with the engine shown in sheet I or
any other liquid hydro-carbon engine.

page_text: s is a small slide with a regulating tap s, and cavity on its face, and moving
between two sides and set up to its face with a plate s³ and suitably secured by springs
(not shown).
Pipe J which leads from a reservoir J³ or vessel, suitably placed, allows a portion of
liquid hydro-carbon to pass from a reservoir through a small hole st and pass the
regulating tap s¹, and small hole s leading to slide face and cavity s².
To the slide facing is secured a fall tube which may be glass, and is fixed
immediately above a casing containing a perforated conical nozzles, the lower end
of which is attached to air pipe g², which leads to compressing cylinder c, through
mixing slide or charge inlet valve of the engine.
The slide s receives its motion through the levers & from any moving part of
the engine simultaneously with the mixing slide or charge inlet valve e previously
referred to.
When the liquid is allowed to pass from reservoir J³ and through pipe J2 to regu-
lating taps, and through passages, to cavity (as the position of slide shows), it
passes down tubes, and impinges on the perforated nozzles, during its descent into
chamber 10, & on the nozzle air is drawn through holes s (of any required number)
and it immediately strikes the liquid, and prepares it for the time when it comes in
contact with the perforated nozzle s below, the position of the holes are such that they
cause a fine stream or spray to pass into the inner side and strike against each other
and split themselves up, thus becoming readily absorbed by the inrush of air, and
thereby forming a combustible mixture.
We have found it very essential in practice to be able to vary the travel of the
slide s so as to give a graded quantity of liquid according to requirement.
Fig. 13 & 14 show an improved means of producing a gaseous mixture applicable
to any type of liquid hydro carbon engine which may be used for a bunsen burner for
heating a tube or a flame to serve the purpose of igniting the combustible charge in
the working cylinder, through the medium of a slide or its equivalent, or which may
be stored in any suitable quantity in a holder, for illuminating purposes, if deemed
necessary.
u is a reservoir or generator containing a quantity of hydro-carbon liquid with a
number of ribs u² cast in it, of alternate varying lengths, so as to form a tortuous
passage.
is a flexible diaphragm having a spindle and knob ³, which is caused to move
through an iron casing by means of the hand.
Air is drawn into chamber through inlet valve 1, and forced through outlet
valve and pipe, and a small tap which may be placed there.
At point it forms a junction with another pipe, leading to a pipe or
reservoir, previously described (See Figs. 1 & 2).
:
At point the pipe is connected to the cover of generator and causes
communication to be made with the passages inside, and allows the air to pass
backwards and forwards until nearly all the surface of the liquid has been acted
upon and partially vapourized thereby, the resulting contact of the air and liquid,
sufficiently impregnating the air when forced through by the medium of the
diaphragm and thus forming the same into a perfect combustible or illuminant body.
The vapour is passed into the iron casing by means of the tube a¹³, which is
perforated in its centre, and secured thereto at each end, leading to a bunsen burner
or slide.
When the engine has commenced to work, the motion of diaphragm ², by hand, is
not further needed, because by opening another small tap or branch pipe 10, which
is connected with pipe or reservoir, previously referred to, a small stream of already
pressed up gases, is allowed to pass through the generator u (in lieu of pure air) and
thereby further enrichening itself and becoming thoroughly illuminant, thus rendering
the whole method self-contained and automatic in action.
We may also employ a reducing valve suitably placed between the receiver pipe
and generator or allow a portion to pass into a holder or its equivalent.
Fig. 15 shows a construction of receiver, one or more of which we may employ or

page_text: connect to the pipe f', consisting of an iron vessel containing a cone in
conjunction with one or more webs formed in the iron vessel or receiver, for
the purpose of localizing or keeping a portion of the last ingoing charge in close
contact to the pipe f so as to free the ingoing charge from any residuum which may
be therein contained through the effect of a premature or back ignition.
We may here remark that in cases where it is desired to use common petroleum,
paraffin, or other hydro-carbons, which cause imperfect or a slower combustion in the
working cylinder, we may employ a volume of fresh air obtained exactly in the
same manner, i.e. from the front end of the compression cylinder, as described in
Patent No. 70383, and sent in advance of the combustible charge, at any desired
temperature, for the purpose of flushing or scavenging the various ports, passages,
valves and other faces.
In diagrams, Figs. 16 & 17, the combustion in working cylinder takes place
from A to B.
From B to C and D the residuum or hot gases are exhausted partly through the
medium of the fresh entering charge and partly by the instroke of the working piston.
Diagram, Fig. 18, shows how the position of the compressing crank may be altered.
A and A show the relative position of the working and compressing cranks.
From A to B combustion takes place in the working cylinder, from B to C the
residuum or hot gases are exhausted and expelled, partly by the fresh entering charge
and partly by the instroke of the working piston.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :—
1st. In liquid hydro-carbon or other gas motors:-The general arrangement and
combination of parts constituting our improvements for the purposes and substantially
in the manner as herein before described and shown.
2nd. The charge inlet valve e which is under the control of the governor, having
the combined various functions of admitting the combustible charge to the compressing
cylinder and permitting the charge to pass into a receiver, and subsequently into
the working cylinder a when working at full power and also serving the purpose of
transferring the combustible charge to and from the compression cylinder c, and
receiver substantially as set forth and for the purpose specified.
3rd. The charge inlet valve e having the combined various functions, as specified in
the preceding claim, with its cavities e and el ports & passages e³ & e operating in
combination with the ports and passages dd2 d & d, formed in the face of the
working cylinder substantially as described and illustrated, and for the purpose
specified.
4th. The employment of a regulator in combination with either a charge inlet or
mixing slide, substantially as set forth and for the purpose specified.
5th. The apparatus illustrated by Figs. 13 & 14, for mixing the combustible charge,
consisting of a slides, in combination with a regulating spindle s¹ perforated nozzle s
and air chamber so, as set forth.
6th. The application of a manual gas generator u substantially as described and for
the purpose specified.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester,
Agents to the Applicants.

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Nov., 1886.
Specification Accepted, 25th Feb., 1887.
We CHRISTOPHER THOMAS WORDSWORTH & JOHN WOLSTENHOLME both of Albert
Works Radiffe, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described & ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in that class of motors described and
referred to in Patent 5688 and has for its object to improve the means of expanding
the hot gases when released from the working cylinder into another cylinder of larger
diameter or volume, down to a lower pressure and temperature, and thus obtaining
more work and a better economical effect.
And in order that our invention may be better understood we have caused to be
appended hereunto one sheet of drawings marked with letters of reference indicating
like parts in the various figures.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 a plan. Fig. 3. an end elevation. Fig. 4 a
longitudinal section of the compressing cylinder and parts connected therewith.
Figs. 5 &
are, a front view and vertical cross section of the mixing slide,
respectively. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the position of crank, cycle of operation
and functions of the same.
In carrying out our invention and referring to the figures generally, the combustive
charge is drawn into the compression cylinder c, through the mixing slide m and ports
and passages y', d' when the slide m moved downwards through rocking lever n and
eccentric, on the crank shaft.
Rocking lever a pivots at point n' on a stud, and the tumbling lever k³ is connected
thereto by a pin, the lower end of which forms a knife edge contact piece, and when
the engine is working at full power and not under the operation of the governor, the
edges being in line, the eccentric causes rocking lever n to force down mixing
slide m, to its lowest position and bring ports and passages m², g', d, into com-
munication with compressing cylinder e, and allow a combustible charge to enter
when necessary.
Assuming the compression piston to have drawn a full or suitable volume of
combustible charge into its cylinder when moving away from the crank b', the mixing

page_text: slide m is so timed as to be in its upper position, as shown in Fig. 4, and allows the
combustible charge to pass port d', and cavity m² on the face of mixing slide m see
Figs. 4. 5 & 6, and into pipe or reservoir, and is held there, by means of being
cut off, by cavity m², on the downstroke or motion of mixing slide 11, which indicates
that another charge is being drawn into compression cylinder e, in the same manner
as hereinbefore described when working at full power.
The combustible charge contained in pipe or reservoir", is allowed to pass through
charge inlet valve e through a port and back pressure valve and thence into the
working cylinder a.
In this case the charge inlet valve e is connected by a rod and lever o & o' to
rocking shaft ², from which it receives its motion, and the other end of which is
connected by lever and link o and of, to the eye of mixing slide by means of a pin.
Whenever the contact edges of tumbling lever, and mixing slide m, are in line, it
will be observed that through the, medium of the eccentric and rocking lever n,
motion is imparted to mixing slide m, downwards, and in its turn actuates charge
inlet valve through link and lever o³, 0, and rocking shaft o², to rod and lever o
and a¹.
;
When the speed of the engine becomes excessive and is operated upon by the
governor, the levers are caused to move the tumbling lever ³, out of line, so that
the slide is not moved, but remains at rest in this neutral position, and in consequence
of all ports and passages being cut off outwards, no further combustible charge can
be drawn into cylinder e, but communication is now existing between the pipe or
reservoir, and cylinder e, through cavity m² of mixing slide and port d', thus
relieving any accumulated pressure in pipe, and allowing it to pass back into the
cylinder see Fig. 4, for the position of slide at this time.
The mixing slide mis held up to a neutral position by the action of a spring
pressing against a small piston moving in a cylinder or other equivalent device.
P
The lower cylinder is connected at p to the working cylinder a, this cylinder has
a piston connected by a rod, and pins, to crank lever p, and rod 7³ to crank or
cranks at p.
The crank lever / pivots at centre p.
y shows an annular chamber formed by the trunk of piston p², and connected by
a port or passage to a reservoir r. This reservoir has an inlet valve from the
atmosphere.
ין
The lower cylinder p has a considerable amount of clearance at the working end for
the purpose of receiving a volume of cool air and also may contain a number of
perforated metal dises, or other suitable material such as wire gauze may be used.
When the engine is moving in the direction of the arrow by the action of the
combustible gases in cylinder a, the piston a in cylinder a, uncovers an exhaust
porta, leading to the lower cylinder p, and passage p', which is already pressed up
to a desired pressure and thus receiving the impact of the hot gases, which impels the
lower piston p², in the direction of the cranks 1, and through crank levers and
rod, which is in tension, tends to bring crank down to its lowest vertical position.
Just before the lower piston arrives at the end of its stroke, the exhaust valve 2
is caused to open and allow the contents to escape to the atmosphere, and before the
return stroke is made, the wall of lower piston uncovers the port and allows a
volume of cool air to flow from reservoir r, into the lower cylinder p, and ejects the
cylinder contents through exhaust valve and replacing it by a fresh and cool
volume of air, which is next to the piston p².
When the piston ² moves in the opposite direction or away from the crank, air
is drawn into annular chamber and reservoir at the same time the lower cylinder
is ejecting a portion of its contents through a port and exhaust valve q² which may he
actuated from any movable part of the motor.
The position of the front port of the exhaust valve is so arranged as to trap off
the remaining volume in the lower cylinder of cool air, during the completion of its
stroke.
The admission of the petroleum or other hydro-carbon liquid from the reservoir Ja

page_text: to the mixing slide m is also effected by means of a regulator i of the same con-
struction as described in Patent 1550780.
If desirable to use gas in lieu of hydro-carbon liquid or petroleum spirit, we simply
detach the back plate shown in Fig. 4, and substitute the same as shown in
Figs. 5 & 6, and connect it in any well known manner to the gas main.
Referring to diagram, Fig. 7, the combustion in the working cylinder takes place
from A to B and the transference of the hot gases to the lower cylinder from B to C.
We would have it particularly understood that we may construct compound motors
by arranging the compressing and the working cylinders side by side, if deemed
necessary as in Patent 155078 the various functions of the motor remaining the same
throughout.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
1st. In a compound hydro-carbon liquid or other gas motors :-The general
arrangement and combination of parts constituting our improvements, for the purposes
and substantially in the manner as hereinbefore described and shown.
C
2nd. The mixing slide m under the control of the governor having the combined
various functions of admitting a combustible charge into the compression cylinder
and conveying the same by means of a pipe or receiver to the working cylinder a,
and to and from the compression cylinder e, substantially as set forth.
,
3rd. The mixing slide me having the combined functions as specified in the preceding
claim, with its port m² and cavity m², operating in combination with the ports d',
& pipe or receiver and with or without regulator i, respectively, substantially as
described & illustrated and for the purpose specified.
4th. The cycle of operation and modifications thereof, producing the diagram shown
in Fig. 7 as set forth.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester,
Agents to the Applicants.