IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED- IN THE MANUFActure of Gas, PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR VENTILATING MINES, FOR PROMOTING COMBUSTION, AND FOR PUMPING.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Small Catliels, of Aberdalgic Lodge,
Lower Sydenham, Kent, Gas Engineer, and David Terrace, of
No. 77, Mortimer Road, De Beauvoir Town, Middlesex, Mechanical
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED-
IN THE MANUFActure of Gas, PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE
FOR VENTILATING MINES, FOR PROMOTING COMBUSTION, AND FOR PUMPING.
Sealed the 22nd March 1879, and dated the 28th January 1870.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Edmund Small Cathels
•
and David Terrace at the Office of the Conimissioners of Patents,
with their Petition and Declaration, on the 25th January 1870,
pursuant to the 0th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act,
1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDMUND
SMALL CATHELS, of Abeidalgie Lodge, Lower Sydenham, in the County
i Kent, Gas Engineer, and DAVID TERRACE, of No. 77, Mortimer Road,
De Beauvoir Town, in the County of Middlesex, Meci Engineer,
sond gre

page_text: WHEREAS we are in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR VENTILATING: MINES, FOR PROMOTING COMBUSTION, AND
FOR PUMPING, MEASURING, AND FORCING FLUIDS," and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto us, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
declaration that we are the first and true Inventors thereof, and that
the same is not in use by any other person or persons to the best of our
knowledge and belief.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edmund Small Cathels and David
Terrace, do hereby declare that the following Complete Specification,
under our hand and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to an improved apparatus for main-
taining a continuous exhaust in the pipes, conveying the gas from the
retorts in which it is generated, thereby removing the pressure from the
interior of the retorts. It is also applicable for blowing pure air into
or extracting foul air from mines; for blowing air into furnaces, cupolas,
or such other places where a blast or an exhaust is necessary; and for
pumping, forcing, and measuring fluids.
The exhauster or blower is constructed as follows:-There is an outer
case of cast iron with flat ends and semicircular top and bottom, having
inlet and outlet ports, which may be either circular, square, or oblong.
Within this case there are two cast-iron elliptical cams, which are by
preference made hollow, and may be filled with gypsum, sawdust, or
other suitable material to deaden the sound when the exhauster is in
action. These cams are so shaped and placed that they revolve nearly
though not quite in contact with each other and with the semicircular
top and bottom of the case, so that when they are at rest the passage
of the gas or other fluid is entirely or almost entirely stopped. Each
cam is keyed on a shaft or axle which passes through, and works in
suitable bearings and stuffing boxes in the end plates of the case. The
axles are geared together by spur wheels keyed ou them at one or both
ends outside the ends of the case, and may be either open or enclosed.
Motion is imparted to the cams by means of a driving pulley fixed to
the lower axle (which extends beyond the upper one for that purpose),
and by which the cams are made to revolve in opposite directions. If

page_text: the exhauster or blower is used for measuring liquids. any convenient
number of wheels with indicating dials may be connected with one of
the axles, and as the quantity of gas or-fluid passed at each revolution
is equal to the cubical contents of one of the cams a measure of the
quantity passed may be ascertained by counting or registering the
number of revolutions.
The exhauster as thus described and provided with a suitable sole or
base, and the necessary means of lubrication is complete of itself, but
when used for exhausting gas a self-acting bye-pass valve may be com-
bined with it to permit the passage of the gas from the retorts should
the exhauster accidentally stop instead of the separate self-acting bye-pass
apparatus usually employed for that purpose. The bye-pass is con-
structed in accordance with the following description:-Both the inlet
and outlet ports have on their upper sides openings that are in com-
inunication with an annular space or jacket that passes over the upper
semicircular side of the outside case of exhauster. The opening at the
iulet side is faced and a valve fitted on it of faced metal, of iron faced
with wood, or of other suitable material, such valve being weighted if
required to keep closed when the exhauster is in action. As the valve
is free to lift on guide pins or to open on a hinge the pressure of the gas
issuing from the retorts forces it open in the event of the exhauster
accidentally stopping, and the gas. flows through such valve and annular
space to the outlet side of the exhauster. The valve may be fitted. on
either side of the exhauster to suit the line of piping to which it is to be
attached, either side serving as the inlet. A moveable plate or door
secured by bolts is provided for getting at the valve when required.
This self-acting valve may be also made to serve the purpose of the
butterfly or throttle valve usually fitted in a pipe connecting, the pipes
leading to and from the exhauster, which is actuated by a small gas
holder in connection with the inlet pipe of the exhauster for preventing
an undue exhaust. This is attained by the rod from the gas holder
being so attached to the lever or bell crank fixed to the valve that
when there is too much exhaust in the pipe leading to the exhauster the
valve will be slightly opened and allow some of the gas to flow back
and pass through the exhauster again until the extra work thus given
to the engine reduces its speed to the proper requirement. But-in-the-
avent-of-the-exhauster accidentally stopping the valve will be free to
operate as a self-acting bye-pass valve, in the manner already described,
-independently of the rod and lever in connection with the gas holder.
T

page_text: Having thus generally described the nature of this the first part of
our Invention, we proceed to describe it by reference to the accom-
panying Drawings on Sheet No. 1, which represents the improved
apparatus adapted more particularly as a gas exhauster.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2, an end elevation; Fig. 3 is a
sectional plan; and Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation. In these several
Figures the same letter of reference indicates corresponding parts.
A, A, is the outer case, with inlet and outlet ports B, B; C, C, are
the cams keyed on the shafts or axles D, D; E, E, are the cogged wheels
on the shafts or axles which keep the cams in their proper position, viz.,
at right angles to each other and also communicate the motion from the
lower cam to the upper one; F is a pulley worked by a band for
transmitting the requisite motion and power to the shaft or axle; G is
the valve of self-acting bye-pass; H is the moveable plate or cover for
getting at the valve; I is the rod from the gas holder; J is the lever
which actuates the valve; and K is an adjustable weight for increasing
resistance of valve as required.
The Invention relates, secondly to a bye-pass valve in connection
with the exhauster which answers the purpose of three ordinary valves
by enabling the éxhauster to be shut off when required for repairs or
other purpose, and the gas to pass by. It is an improvement on, and
simplification of the valve for this purpose for which the said Edmund
Small Cathels obtained Letters Patent on the Fourteenth day of
November 1863. It is also applicable as a bye-pass to other gas
apparatus, and as a valve for purifiers, and under certain modificationis
to be hereafter described, for steam or other fluids.
The improvements consist chiefly in considerably reducing the size and
weight of the valve without diminishing the area of the passages, in the
ports being all on the same level instead of on two or more levels as
formerly, in an arrangement of the passages whereby both discs are
moved up or down together instead of one being up and one down as
previously, and in a simplified mode of actuating the dises.
The accompanying Sheet of Drawings No. 2 shows the construction of
the valve. The body a, a, and frame b, b, are of cast iron, and the
spindles c, c, cross bar d, d, and screw for actuating the discs of:
wrought iron. The discs f, f, are circular plates of cast or wrought iron
faced on both their upper and lower sides with any suitable material, but

page_text: preferably with wood.
pressed are turned or faced to present a fair horizontal surface.
The faces g, g, against which the discs are
The action of the valve is as follows:-When the discs are screwed
gas-tight against either, the upper or lower faces the gas enters the valve
by either the front or back port and passes out at one of the side ports
into the exhauster or other vessel to which it may be attached. On
the gas leaving the exhauster or other vessel it re-enters the valve by
the port in a line with the one it entered by, and finally emerges by the
remaining side port. When it is required to shut the exhauster or other
vessel off the position of the discs are reversed by means of the screw,
when the gas entering the valve by the same port as before passes
directly out at the last-named side port. Or for convenience in certain
applications of the valve to purifiers and other apparatus the gas may
sometimes be made to enter, by one of the side ports and pass out by the
front or back ports. Provision is made to overcome the contingency of
one disc seating itself before the other one by having the hole in the
centre of the cross bar through which the lower end of the - screwed
spindle passes slightly larger than the end of the spindle, thus admitting
of sufficient give or play to push the one disc home after the other one
is seated. The valve is also applicable as a stop valve, by having the
spindles made longer and screwed to enable either to be screwed up or
down separately through a box or nut in each end of the cross bar.
When applied as a water valve or for other fluids the discs may be faced
with sheet lead, india-rubber, or other suitable material, and when used
for steam the body of the valve may be of brass, gun metal, or other
mixture of metals, and the discs. be of faced metal of a suitable kind,
or they may be faced with india-rubber or other usual appliances for
steam.
We do not confine ourselves to the exact details herein described and
shown on the Drawings herein-before referred to, as variations may be
made without deviating from the principles or main features of this
Invention: but what we claim as novel and original is,—
"
-
Firstly. The elliptical cams as forming part of an apparatus for
exhausting gas and other purposes herein specified; also for a combined
self-acting bye-pass and equilibrium valve when-the machine is used for

page_text: And, secondly. For the arrangement of the double discs, bye-pass valve,
constructed substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edmund Small Cathels and David
Terrace, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy.
EDMUND SMALL CATHELS. (L.S.)
DAVID TERRACE.
(L.B.)
EDMUND SMALL CATHELS. (L.S.)
DAVID TERRACE.
(L.B.)