IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND BOILERS FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE ADDERGATION
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Beattie, of No. 11, Lawn Place, South
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND BOILERS FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE ADDERGATION
Sealed the 8th January 1856, and dated the 24th September 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Beattie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1855.
I, JOSEPHI BEATTIE, of No. 11, Lawn Place, South Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND BOILERS FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR THE APPLICATION AND TREATMENT THEREOF," to be as follows:-
My improvements in furnaces and boilers for the generation of steam
consist in the arrangement and combination of a transverse furnace in commu-
nication with two longitudinal furnaces, each having separate doors for the
admission of fuel; or by another arrangement, one fire door may be so situated
as to be common to both the longitudinal furnaces for the purpose of admitting
fuel. I form water spaces projecting internally on the sides of the longitudinal
furnaces, so as to support and carry suitably formned fire tiles, fire stones, or
other suitable material or composition (herein-after denominated fire slabs),
and placed apart to allow the ascending products of combustion in the furnaces

page_text: beneath to enter between, through, and over them. And by another arrange-
ment, I have two water spaces projecting internally on the sides of the
longitudinal furnaces to carry circular or other shaped fire slabs, with or
without perforations or openings, on which I place the fuel; and I have
similarly formed fire slabs with perforations or openings resting on the upper
projecting water spaces on the sides of the furnaces immediately over the lower
fire slabs, so that the products of combustion may pass through them; and in
some cases I extend the water spaces on the sides of the longitudinal furnaces,
and also the fire slabs to the front end of the furnace, or nearly so, and I have
fire doors through which fuel can be introduced into the chambers, and which
are formed or left by the water spaces and fire slabs. And by another
arrangement, I have two transverse and two longitudinal furnaces made to
communicate with each other, and having the water spaces on the sides of the
longitudinal furnaces to support the fire slabs, as before described.
My said improvements also consist in the construction of steam boilers in
their internal arrangements, by which the tube-heating surface is greatly
reduced, and the direct heating surface is greatly increased, and the situation
of the tubed portion of the boiler is removed to a greater distance from the
direct action of the fire by the introduction or formation of intermediate water
spaces between the furnaces and the tubed portion of the boiler. These
water spaces may be made of sheet copper or boiler plates, properly constructed
and made circular, and placed concentric with each other longitudinally or
partly inclined, and of such length as to leave spaces between the furnaces
and the tubed portion of the boiler unoccupied, and arranged for commu-
nication with the internal water space, which extends the entire length of the
boiler and the steam chamber above. I place suitably formed fire slabs at
certain distances between the water spaces, so that the products of combustion
may pass through or around these fire slabs into the space intervening, in
which suitably formed fire slabs may also be placed, further to promote the
combustion. of the products of the fuel before entering into the tubed portion
of the boiler. And in some cases I make this tubed portion of the boiler
separate, distinct, and removable, but to be connected with the other portions
of the boiler in such manner that the feed water required for the generation
of steam may first enter and pass through this tubed portion before it enters
into the general boiler; and in some cases I have this tubed portion so con-
structed that it may be extended to or into the smoke box if required.
My said improvements also consist in having the water spaces made of
corrugated shaped sheets of iron or copper, and placed vertically and longi-
tudinally between the furnaces and the tubed portion of the boiler, as before

page_text: described, and the corrugations to be formed in such a manner that some of
then may act as or form flues or tube-shaped passages for the products
of combustion; and I place perforated or other suitably formed fire slabs in
the flues or passages thus formed, for the better combustion of the products
of the fuel before entering into the space immediately in front of the tubed
portion of the boiler; and I have a suitably formed man-hole for access into
this space, to enable a workman to enter for the examination or cleaning of
the interior.
My improvements also consist in various modifications of these water spaces,
whether corrugated or otherwise; for instance, to have one or more vertical
water spaces placed longitudinally, and to have circular or curved water spaces
rivetted to their sides and terminating in the steam chamber; or one, two,
or more corrugated water spaces placed vertically and longitudinally, having
circular water spaces rivetted to their outer sides, and terminating in the steam
chamber, as aforesaid. And by another modification, to have water spaces
in an inclined position, having their ends rivetted to the plates which form the
long internal water space, and their upper ends rivetted to the plates forming
the water space on the opposite side, and vice versa, and these inclined water
spaces to be placed crossing each other alternately from one side to the other,
and in the spaces formed between them to have suitably formed fire slabs for
the promotion of combustion.
My said improvements also consist in the construction of boilers of loco-
motive and other engines entirely without tubes, by having corrugated or other
suitably shaped water spaces to extend the entire length of the boilers, and
terminating in the smoke box or passage leading to the chimney, or by
extending them only a portion of the length of the boiler towards the smoke
box or chimney; in which case I have a separate and detached length of boiler
formed with an external and surrounding water space, and having internal
vertical, circular, curved, inclined, corrugated, or other formed water spaces,
rivitted to the internal plates which form the surrounding water space, and
when corrugated water spaces are used they will form flues or passages for the
escape of the products of combustion, as before mentioned. This last-mentioned
portion of the boiler may be distinct and removable, and extend internally from
the smoke box or passage to the chimney so far only as to leave a sufficient
space or chamber between it and the extremities of the corrugated or other
formed water spaces, and in this space suitably formed fire slabs may be placed
instead of the tubed and removable portion, before described, and connected
with the general boiler in a similar manner and for the same purpose, namely,
for the admission of the feed water before it enters into the general boiler. In

page_text: some cases I make the intermediate or central water spaces in a similar
manner as described, namely, to be separate, distinct, and removable, but to
be connected with the surrounding water and steam spaces.
My said improvements in the apparatus for the application of steam consist
in the construction of the pistons to be used in the steam cylinders, by the
introduction and use of metallic rings (which may be cut into two or more
parts), placed in a groove formed round the periphery of the body of the
pistons; and these rings or segments forming rings are so constructed, that one
of them, which has a tongue-shaped or tapering projection around its periphery,
and which ring, or parts or segments forming this ring, is placed internally or.
within the said other rings, by the admission and force of the steam is made to
press between the edges of the two outer rings, so that they are pressed out-
ward against the surface of the steam cylinder, and also against or between the
flanges of the body of the piston. The steam for the purpose of so acting is
admitted through one or more apertures or channels from the surface on either
side of the piston to the groove before mentioned; and in these apertures or
channels, valves are so arranged and fitted that the pressure of the steam opeus
the valves, and admits the steam into the space between the groove and the
inner or tongue-shaped ring, by which its outer or tongue-shaped part or
projection is forced between the other or outer rings, as before mentioned; and
these valves are also constructed so that as the force of the steam opens them
from one side of the piston it closes them on the exhaust or opposite side
of the piston, and vice versa. And by another improvement I dispense with
the admission of steam underneath or between the metallic rings for the
purpose of expanding them, and I accomplish that by an arrangement and use
of small steam-tight pistons or plungers, working through suitably formed
stuffing boxes fitted into the solid portion of the steam piston, and let in from
the bottom of the groove where the metallic rings are placed. The steam on
either side of the piston acts on these steam-tight pistons or plungers, pressing
them all round towards the circumference, and by this action the metallic rings
are expanded, keeping them in contact with the surface of the cylinder and the
flanges of the piston; and by this arrangement the steam on the alternate sides
of the piston presses these small steam-tight pistons or plungers against the
metallic rings, so as to keep them in contact with the surface of the cylinder;
and the number and area of these steam-tight pistons or plungers may be so
arranged as to regulate the amount of pressure requisite to ensure such contact,
while the friction consequent thereon is essentially reduced, and the metallic
rings are greatly preserved; or the increased diffusion of pressure can be
obtained by increasing the number of pistons or plungers, and making them

page_text: act on spiral springs, properly fixed between them and the metallic rings. Cor
other conveniently shaped springs may be introduced in the groove underneath
the rings, so that by bringing the pistons or plungers to act on the centre of
them, the pressure on or underneath the rings will be more equally distributed
with a less number of pistons or plungers than would be otherwise necessary.
My said improvements in the apparatus for the treatment of steam consist
in the combination and arrangement of tubes placed concentric with each
other, having spaces between them; so that the exhaust steam from the cylin-
ders may pass through some of these tubes to the water tank or other vessel
for condensation, and the feed water from the pump to the boiler may pass
through spaces between them; for instance, if four tubes be placed concentric
with each other having spaces between them, the steam will pass through the
external space, the water through the adjoining space, the steam through the
next space, and the water through the central tube, these tubes to have pro-
perly arranged chambers at their extremities for the admission and discharge
of steam and water; the tubes may be so arranged in different sets and in
varied numbers of tubes.
My said improvements also consist in having water spaces made of sheet
copper, or corrugated or other shaped iron, with or without tubes through them
for the passage of exhaust steam, placed in or forming a chamber in such a
manner, that the exhaust steam from the cylinders and the feed water from
the pump may pass through alternate spaces, or through such tubes and such
chamber, and water spaces may be formed so as to be placed in the sinoke box,
or in or beneath the water tank of the tender of a locomotive engine. In
some cases also I construct and arrange the whole or a part of the water tank
of a locomotive engine with water spaces in a similar manner. All the afore-
said modes of arrangement, although described herein more particularly with
reference to locomotive engines, may be modified so as to be applicable to
stationary or marine engines.
I have already obtained Letters Patent for my former Inventions relating to
furnaces and steam boilers, and the application and treatment of steam, and
several of the arrangements herein described are my new improvements of such
Inventions. I therefore wish it to be understood that I expressly limit this
my application for Letters Patent to such new improvements accordingly, and
to the other improvements herein described, which are new, and not secured
by my said former Letters Patent..
The arrangements herein described may necessarily be varied and modified,
and I claim the right to vary and modify them accordingly.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Beattie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th March 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
BEATTIE, of No. 11, Lawn Place, South Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Beattie, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Beattie, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Beattie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND
BOILERS FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE APPLICATION
AND TREATMENT THEREOF," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joseph Beattie, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Beattie, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being also had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, to be as follows:-
My improvements in furnaces and boilers for the generation of steam consist
in the arrangement and combination of a transverse furnace in communication
with two longitudinal furnaces, each having separate doors for the admission
of fuel; or by another arrangement, one fire door may be so situated as to be
common to both the longitudinal furnaces for the purpose of admitting fuel.
I form water spaces projecting internally on the sides of the longitudinal
furnaces, so as to support and carry suitably formed fire tiles, fire stones, or
other suitable material or composition (herein-after denominated fire slabs), and

page_text: placed apart to allow the ascending products of combustion in the furnaces
beneath to enter between, through, and over them. And by another arrange-
ment, I have two water spaces projecting internally on the sides of the
longitudinal furnaces to carry circular or other shaped fire slabs, with or without
perforations or openings, on which I place the fuel; and I have similarly
formed fire slabs with perforations or openings resting on the upper projecting
water spaces on the sides of the furnaces immediately over the lower fire slabs,
so that the products of combustion may pass through them; and in some cases
I extend the water spaces on the sides of the longitudinal furnaces, and also
the fire slabs to the front end of the furnace, or nearly so; and I have fire doors
through which fuel can be introduced into the chambers, and which are formed
or left by the water spaces and fire slabs. And by another arrangement, I
have two transverse and two longitudinal furnaces made to communicate with
each other, and having the water spaces on the sides of the longitudinal
furnaces to support the fire slabs, as before described.
My said improvements also consist in the construction of steam boilers in
their internal arrangements, by which the tube heating surface is greatly
reduced, and the direct heating surface is greatly increased, and the situation
of the tubed portion of the boiler is removed to a greater distance from the
direct action of the fire by the introduction or formation of intermediate water
spaces between the furnaces and the tubed portion of the boiler. These water
spaces may be made of sheet copper or boiler plates properly constructed, and
made circular and placed concentric with each other longitudinally or partly
inclined, and of such length as to leave spaces between the furnaces and the
tubed portion of the boiler unoccupied, and arranged for communication with
the internal water space which extends the entire length of the boiler and the
steam chamber above. I place suitably formed fire slabs at certain distances
between the water spaces, so that the products of combustion may pass through
or around these fire slabs into the space intervening, in which suitably formed
fire slabs may also be placed further to promote the combustion of the products
of the fuel before entering into the tubed portion of the boiler; and in some
cases I make this tubed portion of the boiler separate, distinct, and removeable,
but to be connected with the other portions of the boiler in such manner that
the feed water required for the generation of steam may first enter and
pass through this tubed portion before it enters the general boiler, and in
some cases I have this tubed portion so constructed that it may be extended
to or into the smoke box if required.
My said improvements also consist in having the water spaces made of cor-
rugated shaped sheets of iron or copper, and placed vertically and longitudinally

page_text: between the furnaces and the tubed portion of the boiler, as before described,
and the corrugations to be formed in such a manner that some of them may
act as or form flues or tube-shaped passages for the products of combustion,
and I place perforated or other suitably formed fire slabs in the flues or pas-
sages thus formed for the better combustion of the products of the fuel before
entering into the space immediately in front of the tubed portion of the boiler;
and I have a suitably formed man-hole for access into this space to enable a
workman to enter for the examination or cleaning of the interior.
;
My improvements also consist in various modifications of these water spaces,
whether corrugated or otherwise; for instance, to have one or more vertical
water spaces placed longitudinally, and to have circular or curved water spaces
rivetted to their sides, and terminating in the steam chamber, or one, two or
more corrugated water spaces placed vertically and longitudinally, having
circular water spaces rivetted to their outer sides, and terminating in the
steam chamber, as aforesaid. And by another modification, to have water
spaces in an inclined position, having their ends rivetted to the plates which
form the long internal water space, and their upper ends rivetted to the plates
forming the water space on the opposite side, and vice versa, and these inclined
water spaces to be placed crossing each other alternately from one side to the
other, and in the spaces formed between them to have suitably formed fire
slabs for the promotion of combustion.
My said improvements also consist in the construction of boilers of loco-
motive and other engines entirely without tubes, by having corrugated or other
suitably shaped water spaces to extend the entire length of the boilers, and
terminating in the smoke box or passage leading to the chimney, or by extend-
ing them only a portion of the length of the boiler towards the smoke box
or chimney, in which case I have a separate and detached length of boiler,
formed with an external and surrounding water space, and having internal
vertical, circular, curved, inclined, corrugated, or other formed water spaces
rivetted to the internal plates which form the surrounding water space; and
when corrugated water spaces are used they will form flues or passages
for the escape of the products of combustion, as before mentioned. This last-
mentioned portion of the boiler may be distinct and removable, and extend
internally from the smoke box or passage to the chimney so far only as to leave
a sufficient space or chamber between it and the extremities of the corrugated
or other formed water spaces, and in this space suitably formed fire slabs may
be placed instead of the tubed and removeable portion, before described, and
connected with the general boiler in a similar manner and for the same
purpose, namely, for the admission of the feed water before it enters into the

page_text: general boiler. In some cases I make the intermediate or central water
spaces in a similar manner as described, namely, to be separate, distinct,
and removable, but to be connected with the surrounding water and steam
spaces.
My said improvements in the apparatus for the application of steam consist
in the construction of the pistons to be used in the steam cylinders, by the
introduction and use of metallic rings (which may be cut into two or more
parts) placed in a groove formed round the periphery of the body of the
pistons, and these rings or segments forming rings are so constructed that
one of them, which has a tongue-shaped or tapering projection around its
periphery, and which ring, or parts or segments forming this ring, is placed
internally or within the said other rings, by the admission and force of the
steam is made to press between the edges of the two outer rings, so that they
are pressed outward against the surface of the steam cylinder, and also against
or between the flanges of the body of the piston. The steam for the purpose
of so acting is admitted through one or more apertures or channels from the
surface on either side of the piston to the groove before mentioned, and in
these apertures or channels valves are so arranged and fitted that the pressure
of the steam opens the valves, and admits the steam into the space between
the groove and the inner or tongue-shaped ring, by which its outer or tongue-
shaped part or projection is forced between the other or outer rings, as before
mentioned; and these valves are also constructed so that as the force of the
steam opens them from one side of the piston, it closes them on the exhaust
or opposite side of the piston, and vice versa.
And by another improvement I dispense with the admission of steam under-
neath or between the metallic rings for the purpose of expanding them; and
I accomplish that by an arrangement and use of small steam-tight pistons or
plungers, working through suitably formed stuffing boxes fitted into the solid
portion of the steam piston, and let in from the bottom of the groove where
the metallic rings are placed. The steam on either side of the piston acts on
these steam-tight pistons or plungers, pressing them all round towards the
circumference, and by this action the metallic rings are expanded, keeping
them in contact with the surface of the cylinder and the flanges of the piston;
and by this arrangement the steam on the alternate sides of the piston presses
these small steam-tight pistons or plungers against the metallic rings, so as to
keep them in contact with the surface of the cylinder; and the number and
area of these steam-tight pistons or plungers may be so arranged as to regulate
the amount of pressure requisite to ensure such contact, while the friction
consequent thereon is essentially reduced, and the metallic rings are greatly

page_text: preserved; or the increased diffusion of pressure can be obtained by increasing
the number of pistons or plungers, and making them act on spiral springs
properly fixed between them and the metallic rings. or other conveniently
shaped springs may be introduced in the groove underneath the rings, so that
by bringing the pistons or plungers to act on the centre of them, the pressure
on or underneath the rings will be more equally distributed with a less number
of pistons or plungers than would be otherwise necessary.
My said improvements in the apparatus for the treatment of steam consist
in the combination and arrangement of tubes placed concentric with each
other, having spaces between them, so that the exhaust steam from the cylin-
ders may pass through some of these tubes to the water tank or other vessel
for condensation, and the feed water from the pump to the boiler may pass
through spaces between them; for instance, if four tubes be placed concentric
with each other having spaces between them, the steam will pass through the
external space, the water through the adjoining space, the steam through the
next space, and the water through the central tube, these tubes to have pro-
perly arranged chambers at their extremities, for the admission and discharge
of steam and water; the tubes may be so arranged in different sets and in
varied numbers of tubes.
My said improvements also consist in having water spaces made of sheet
copper, or corrugated or other shaped iron, with or without tubes through
them for the passage of exhaust steam, placed in or forming a chamber in
such a manner, that the exhaust steam from the cylinders and the feed water
from the pump may pass through alternate spaces or through such tubes, and
such chamber and water spaces may be formed so as to be placed in the smoke
box, or in or beneath the water tank of the tender of a locomotive engine.
In some cases also I construct and arrange the whole or a part of the water
tank of a locomotive engine with water spaces in a similar manner.
All the aforesaid modes of arrangement, although described herein more
particularly with reference to locomotive engines, may be modified so as to be
applicable to stationary or marine engines.
Figures 1, 3, Sheet No. 1; 10, 11, Sheet No. 2; 19, 20, Sheet No. 3; and
31, 32, Sheet No. 4, are longitudinal sectional elevations of my improved
furnaces and boilers. Figure 2, 4, Sheet No. 1; 12, Sheet No. 2; 21, Sheet
No. 3; and 33, 34, Sheet No. 4, are sectional plans of the same. And
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Sheet No. 1; 18, 14. 15, 16, Sheet No. 2; and 22, 23,
24, Sheet No. 3, are transverse vertical sections of the same, taken in the
planes which pass through the lines indicate by corresponding letters or
other marks of reference.

page_text: Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of my improved furnace and
boiler, and Figure 2 is a plan view thereof, shewing the transverse furnace A
in communication with two longitudinal furnaces B, B, and divided from them
by the water space c, c, and the fire slabs d. The longitudinal furnaces B, B,
are separated or partly separated from each other by the water space b, b,
and on the sides of these furnaces are formed the water spaces e, e, f f pro-
jecting internally to carry the fire slabs g, g, which are placed apart, and
perforated or otherwise suitably formed, to allow the ascending products of
combustion from the furnaces beneath to enter and pass between, through,
over, under, or around them. The fire slabs g, g, are shown vertical in Figure 1,
but they may be inclined or otherwise, and may be placed near to or in con-
tact with the roof or crown of the fire box, properly formed or fixed to retain
them in their position.
The longitudinal furnaces B, B, may each have a separate door for the admis-
sion of fuel, as shown in Figure 2; or by another arrangement, one fire door, as
shown in Figure 12, may be so situated as to be common to both furnaces.
In transverse section, Figure 30, e, e, f, f, are lower internal water space
projections, formed on the sides of the longitudinal furnaces B, B, to support
or carry circular, oval, or other shaped fire slabs, marked 1 and 3. These
lower fire slabs on or within which the fuel is to be placed, may consist of a
bottom of any convenient form, either arched or otherwise; or they may form
an internal circular, oval, or other shaped lining for receiving the fuel. Over
these fire slabs are the upper water space projections e', e, f, f', which carry
the upper fire slabs, marked 2, 2, 4, 4, so formed or arranged that the flame
and combustible matter may pass between, through, over, under, or around
them; and in some cases the water spaces e, e, f. f, e, e, ff, on the sides of
the longitudinal furnaces B, B, and also the fire slabs, may be extended to the
front end of the furnace or nearly so, with additional fire doors, as required.
I extend the water space between the furnaces, so that the upper part
of it above the transverse furnace A shall form a junction or communication
with and be united to the front vertical water space Q of the fire box, as shown
in Figures 1 and 2.
By another arrangement, two transverse furnaces A, A, and two longitudinal
ones B, B, may be made to communicate with each other, or the furnaces may
be formed so that each transverse furnace A, and the longitudinal one B over
it, may communicate with each other; and in the case of the two transverse
furnaces A, A, having one fire door common to both for the admission of fuel,
the lower portion of the water space may be made in the form or manner
shown by the dotted lines at *, Fig. 1.

page_text: The Figures 31, 32, 33, and 34 show another modification of furnaces.
Figures 31 and 32 are longitudinal vertical sections, and Figures 33 and 34
are horizontal sections of the same; Figure 31 shows the lower furnace A,
separated from the upper furnace B, by the water space c, c, c, continued up to
the roof of the fire box, in which it may be tubed, as shown at k, k. It
may also have a water ring opening in a convenient position for the admission
of fuel into the furnace B; or it may be constructed with a transverse opening
near the top, as shown by the dotted lines D, D, and the water space c, c, below
the transverse opening may be tubed, as before.
The transverse opening D, D, may have suitably formed fire slabs d, d, as
shown by the dotted lines, for the products of combustion to pass through,
between, or around them; and in this case there may also be formed a suitable
door or opening for the admission of fuel to the furnace B, say, in the centre
of the transverse opening, in which case the fire slabs d, d, will be situated to
the right and left on each side of it; or it may be made in any other convenient
position, so as to preserve and retain the transverse row of fire slabs d, d,
perfect or nearly so.
Between the lower part of the water space c, c, and the vertical water space
of fire box R, next to the boiler, suitably formed fire slabs, marked h, are
placed, and the transverse water space j is connected with the roof of the
fire box, descends any required depth into the furnace B, and may be tubed,
as shown at k, so that the products of combustion from the upper part of
furnace A may be deflected downwards, and brought into contact with the
ascending flame and gases from between the fire slabs h.
be not supplied with fuel, the fire slabs h may be carried
facilitate the combustion.
If the furnace B
sufficiently high to
Figure 31 is a section of water space ring C, formed of boiler plate, which
is inserted between the sides of the surrounding water space, and the whole
secured by bolts or rivets passing through tubes between the flanges of the
ring, or by screws, as shown in the Drawing.
Figure 33 is a horizontal section of Fig. 31. The portion marked A shows
the transverse water space c, c, between the furnaces, carried up to the roof
of the fire box with tubes k, k. The portion marked A' shows the transverse
opening D, D, and fire slabs d, d; aud the oval in dotted line shows the
door for admitting fuel into furnace B.
Figure 32 shows another modification of furnaces, the lower or transverse
furnace A being separated from the upper or longitudinal furnaces B, B, by
the transverse water spaces c, c, tubed, as before described. d are suitably
formed fire slabs, placed between front water space Q and top of warter space

page_text: c, c; suitably formed fire slabs h are placed between the lower part of transverse
water space c, c, and the vertical water space of fire box R next boiler, as
before described, and they may be made to extend to the crown of the furnace
B, or ou each side of the opening C. B, B, are longitudinal furnaces, and b, b,
the water space between them; they are shown with one fire door common to
both; but the water space b, b, may be extended so as to nearly meet or join
the front water space Q of the fire box, in which case each furnace B will
requiro a separate fire door. j is a transverse water space, connected with roof
of fire box, and descending into the furnace B, B, and may be tubed, as shown
in Fig. 31. Fig. 34 is a horizontal sectional plan of Fig. 32, showing the
arrangement of fire slabs and water spaces, therein referred to.
Fig. 31 shews a modification of Fig. 31. The transverse furnace A is
divided into two furnaces by the longitudinal water space b, b, as shown by
dotted lines, and fuel may be put into furnace B by means similar to those
described for Fig. 31; the furnace B may also be divided into two furnaces by
the water space, as shown by dotted lines e, e.
The fire slabs d, d, may be
continued across the whole width of the furnaces without leaving any opening
for admitting fuel into B, the supply of fuel being wholly confined to the fur-
naces A, A; and the flame and combustible gases being passed through the
fire slabs h and d, d, and tubes in the water spaces j, j, enter between, through,
or around the fire slabs placed therein, as described in Fig. 31. The fire
slabs d, d, may also be made to form a lining to crown of fire box between the
transverse water spaces j, j, without being brought down to meet the top of
the transverse water space c, c, which arrangement of water spaces j, j, and
fire slabs d, d, may be combined with my other modifications of furnaces.
The water spaces j. j, descending from the crown of the fire box, approach
nearer to each other as they descend to form abutments to support the fire
slabs d, d, which I propose to place between top of water space c, c, and crown
of fire box, the fire slabs d, d, properly formed to be placed and retained in
their position.
My modification of furnaces may require one, two, three, or more external
fire doors.
With reference to my improvements in the construction of steam boilers, as
herein-before mentioned, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section, Figure 2
a horizontal section, and Fig. 7 a transverse vertical section, showing a mode
of construction as applied to the boiler of a locomotive engine. C is a water
space ring opening between furnaces and boilers, more particularly shown
in Figure 31".
The internal boiler containing the water spaces E, Fig. 1, and E, É, E,

page_text: Figure 2, is made sufficiently small to allow the same to be introduced from
the smoke box end, and be firmly secured to the water space ring C and at
the smoke box end of boiler, leaving the water space M round the sides and
bottom and steam space above. The smoke box K, Figure 15, is so con-
structed, that without its being removed, the internal boiler can be inserted for
attachment, and withdrawn or removed when required for repairs or removal
by merely cutting away bolts or rivets at the water ring C and smoke box K.
Three water spaces E, E, E, Figure 2, are shown, leaving spaces D and H
between their ends and the furnaces and tubed portion of boiler next smoke
box, such water spaces being arranged to communicate direct with the water
space M, which extends the entire length of boiler and steam chamber above, as
shown in Figure 7. The water spaces may be varied to any desirable number
and dimensions, and have proper.stay connections; they can also be made with
corrugated sheets, and may be placed horizontally, inclined, or vertical, and
they may extend from the furnaces to tubed portion of boiler J without leaving
the spaces D and H, or either of thein. The tubed portion of boiler J may be
made separate, distinct, and removeable, so as to be inserted or taken out at
pleasure, as shown in Figures 1 and 2; or there may be tube plates perma-
nently attached to the internal boiler, and the tubes be inserted and secured
in the usual manner. This tubed portion may extend from smoke box to any
requisite distance within the internal boiler, and it can be extended into the
smoke box when it is desirable to extend the length of the water spaces E, E,
to increase their direct heating surface. If the tube-heating portion of boiler J
be made auxiliary or separate and afterwards inserted and attached, there may
be a flame space, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, left round it, and fitted up
with suitable fire slabs, thus making its whole surface available for the absorp-
tion of heat. The feed water enters by pipe 10 into the lower part of the
auxiliary boiler J, and after circulating through it is delivered at a high
temperature into boiler and water spaces E, E, through pipes 11 and 12, the
auxiliary boiler J thus acting as a heating apparatus. In the space D between
the furnaces and water spaces E, E, are fitted fire slabs L, L, suitably formed
to allow the flame and combustible gases to pass through, between, under
cover, or around them. G, G, are also suitable fire slabs, fitted in the flame
passages F, F, for the same purpose. Suitable fire slabs may also be fitted in
the space II, which intervenes between the water spaces E, E, and the tubed
or auxiliary portion of boiler J. Suitable man-holes, marked 2 and 3, are
formed for access to the interior.
My said improvements also consist in having the water spaces made of
corrugated sheets of iron or copper placed longitudinally, vertically, inclined,

page_text: or horizontally between the furnaces and tubed or auxiliary portions of boiler J,
as before described, and in the flame passages suitably formed fire slabs to be
placed as before mentioned; or the water spaces may be corrugated, as shewn
in Figures 16 and 29, to meet and support each other in the internal boiler.
In the flues formed by the corrugations suitable fire slabs are to be placed,
and the number of water spaces, dimensions thereof, and also of the flame
passages can be varied in any manner that may be required. The water
spaces E, E, may extend nearly to the smoke box K, or extend to it, as shewn
in Figures 3, 4, and 8; or they may extend into the smoke box if required,
and the auxiliary tubed portions of boiler J, J, be modified, as shown in the
Figures referred to, wherein rectangular or other suitably formed chambers J, J,
supplied with tubes, as shown, are placed between the longitudinal water spaces
E, E. The sides of these chambers, which when united form the auxiliary
boiler, may either fit the flame flues F, F, or leave a flame passage round
them, as shown in the same Figures, in which latter case water space projec-
tions or knobs may be formed or fixed on the chambers J. J, or on the water
spaces E, E, or on both, to keep the chambers J, J, in their proper position,
and form points of support to resist the internal pressure; or the sides of
the chambers may be corrugated, and the corrugations made to meet the water
spaces E, E. These chambers are to be connected together, thus forming an
auxiliary boiler or heating apparatus to which the feed water can be supplied,
and after circulating through them be delivered into the boiler and water spaces,
as before described.
Figure 9 is another mode of constructing the auxiliary chambers J, J,
where they are shewn composed of corrugated plates forming water spaces.
The exterior and interior corrugations form external and internal flame
passages or flues around and between the auxiliary water spaces, as shewn ;
or these auxiliary water spaces may be made without corrugations, and have
water space projections or knobs, to keep them in their positions and resist
internal pressure, as before described.
My improvements also consist in various modifications of water spaces,
whether corrugated or otherwise, shewn in Figures 1 to 29 consecutively, and
also to Figs. 29, 29, 29, inclusive.
Figs. 10 and 14 are longitudinal and transverse vertical sections, shewing
a series of longitudinal and concentric water spaces E, E, contained in the
internal boiler, communicating with the steam space above, and by proper con-
nections with the water space M; they may be placed horizontally, but I prefer
them inclined, as shown in the Drawing.
Fig. 13 is a transverse sectional elevation of the auxiliary portion of boiler

page_text: J, J, and shews it constructed with concentric water spaces, to be inserted into
the flame passages F, F, between the concentric water spaces E, E. The con-
centric or auxiliary water spaces J, J, may, as before described, extend any
desirable distance into the internal boiler, and may terminate at smoke box K,
or be extended into it any required distance, as shown. The feed water is
supplied to these detached or auxiliary water spaces J, J, by the branched pipe
13, or other suitable connections, which form then into a heating apparatus,
as before described, and the heated water is delivered into the boiler and water
spaces E, E, by the branched pipes 14, 14. The water spaces E, E, may termi-
nate within the internal boiler, as shewn in Figures 11 and 12, so as to leave
room for the auxiliary or separate and inserted boiler J, J, which may be con-
structed with any of the various modifications of tubes or water spaces shown
in Drawings, and instead of a space H being left, as shewn, the water spaces
E, E, may extend to or nearly to the auxiliary portion of boiler J, J.
Fig. 16 is a transverse section, showing a modification of corrugated water
spaces formed to meet and support each other, the flues or flame passages
to be fitted with suitably formed fire slabs, and the water spaces may be
fixed vertically, inclined, or horizontally, and may be used either for the
internal boilers or the auxiliary portions J, J, whether the latter be fixed
permanently in internal boiler, or made separate, detached, or inserted. Figures
17 and 18 are sections of portions of the water spaces, showing how they may
be constructed with plain or corrugated slicets.
Fig. 19 is a longitudinal vertical section of boiler, shewing the water spaces
E, E, and the auxiliary portion of boiler J. Figure 22 is a transverse section of
J, J; and Figure 23 transverse section, shewing water spaces E, E, of internal
boiler. In this arrangement the feed water is supplied through the branches
of pipe 13 into the water spaces which form the auxiliary boiler or heating
apparatus J, J, and after being circulated there, is delivered by pipe 14 and
branched pipe 15 into each of the intermediate water spaces E, E. By this
arrangement, the series of concentric water spaces, or any of the other modi-
fications of the water spaces E, E, with the internal boiler case, can be made
quite distinct and removeable, as before described, and would then (supposing
no auxiliary boiler J be used) receive their supply of water through pipe 15.
A mud pocket with plug 16 is provided at the lower end of this pipe, by which
the sediment is collected and removed. These means of feed and circulation
of the heated water and steam and removal of sediment may also be applied
to other modifications of boilers.
Fig. 20 is a longitudinal section, Fig. 21 a horizontal one, and Fig. 24 a
transverse vertical one, shewing an arrangement or modification of four waved

page_text: Jongitudinal water spaces E, E; but they may be curved, corrugated, or
plain, placed vertically or inclined, and one or more curved or corrugated
water spaces placed horizontally, the whole being in free communication with
each other, with the water space M, and steam space above. F, F, are the
flame passages; G, G, and 0, 0, 0, are fire slabs placed therein; N, fire slab
partition; P, P, similar partition, with perforations at P, P, opposite the flame
passages. Fig. 21 shows the water spaces E, E, and flame passages F and
F¹, arranged to cause a return draft, as indicated by the arrows.
Fig. 25 shews an arrangement by which a tubed or other flame spaced
portion of boiler can be made separate and introduced into the internal boiler
instead of the water spaces E, E; a flame passage fitted with fire slabs can be
formed or left round between it and internal boiler case.
Fig. 26 shews a modification of a vertical water space, placed longitudinally,
and having curved water spaces rivetted to their sides and terminating in the
steam space above; F, F, are the flame passages, into which suitable fire slabs
are to be placed, as before described. The vertical or inclined water spaces
may also be waved or corrugated, as shewn in Fig. 27.
Fig. 28 shews a modification of inclined water spaces, having their ends
secured to the internal boiler case, and communicating with the water space
M and steam space above. These inclined water spaces are placed in trans-
verse rows, crossing each other alternately, and the flame passages are to be
fitted with suitable fire slabs.
Fig. 29 shews a modification of water spaces, which may be placed verti-
cally, as shewn, or inclined, or horizontally; the corrugations can be inade to
abut against and support each other, and the flues or flame passages to have
suitable fire slabs G, G, as before described.
Fig. 29 shews a modification of longitudinal interspaced water spaces,
in direct communication with the water space M and the steam chamber
above. Suitable fire slabs to be placed in the flame passages, as before. The
spaces are shewn vertical, but their position may be varied.
Figs. 29 B and C are modifications, shewing two or more curved water spaces,
formed to support each other, and be in direct communication with water
space M and steam space, fire slabs being introduced in the flame pas-
sages F, F, as before.
In this modification any of the variously formed
water spaces previously shewn and described for this part of the boiler, or
for the auxiliary boilers J, may be used, or any variation, or combination, or
arrangement of them that may be considered most advantageous. But for the
sake of more definite description I will refer to the Drawings, Figures 10
and 14, for illustration; Figure 10 being a longitudinal vertical section of
B

page_text: a series of concentric water spaces E, E, E, E, within the internal boiler, as
before described, and Figure 14 a transverse vertical section of the same.
In Figure 10 I propose to extend the water spaces E, E, E, E, the whole
length from near the fire box to the smoke box K, or passage leading to the
chimney; and for the purpose of reducing the draft and retaining the heat, I
place suitably formed fire slabs G, G, at certain distances throughout the
length of the flame passages, and the fire slabs next to the smoke box may
have the spaces and perforations through them of considerably reduced
dimensions, for the purpose of still greater absorption of heat, and preventing
as much as possible the escape of flame to or up the chimney; or, instead of
such fire slabs next to the smoke box, the auxiliary detached or inserted boiler
J may be used, or the water spaces E, E, E, E, may all or some of thern termi-
nate before reaching the fire box K, and the space or spaces thus left vacant
be filled up with suitably formed fire slabs, having spaces and perforations of
considerably reduced size or dimensions between and through them, as before
described. In all these modifications the spaces D and I may be retained or
not, as may be most desirable. The feed water can be supplied and circulated
in the same manner as stated in the description of the auxiliary or detached
boiler J; for when it is dispensed with, the feed water can be introduced direct
into the water space next to the smoke box.
My improvements in the construction of pistons for steam engines are shewn
by the Figures 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, and 40, and the letters on these Drawings
refer to the same or similar parts of the pistons.
Fig. 35 is a sectional plan, and 36 a sectional elevation of piston. F shews
portion of piston rod; A, A, body of the piston, having the periphery grooved
to receive and fit the metallic packing rings B, B, which are bevilled on their
inner edges to admit the tongue-shaped ring C, C; the outer and inner rings
B, B, and C, C, are cut in two or more parts or segments, as may be required,
and placed so as to overlap or break joints. In the body of the piston are
eight holes or chambers, or any other convenient number, bored to receive the
solid pistons or plungers E, E, and E', E', which are carefully fitted in, and
each chamber at the lower part or bottom is fitted with the small inlet valves
G and H, opening inwards, and communicating with the opposite sides of the
piston; the chambers are also fitted with proper stuffing boxes, to insure the
pistons or plungers E, E, working steam-tight. The steam in cylinder is
admitted to act upon these pistons or plungers E, E, by means of valves G, G,
and H, H, which open inwards, and are placed opposite each other in the
piston body A, A, so that the steam, when pressing on the side of the piston
in which the valves G, G, are fixed, will open them, and close the opposite

page_text: ones H, H, and vice versa; the steam being thus prevented from blowing
through the piston, and from which it will be seen that when the piston in
working the valves are open on the pressure side and shut on the exhaust side.
The action of the pistons is therefore simple and obvious, and consists in
the steam opening the valves G, G, H, HI, and exerting its pressure upon the
pistons or plungers E, E, and through them upon the circumference of the
inner and packing rings C, C, and B, B; and the amount of such pressure can
be regulated so as to make the metallic packing rings B, B, steam-tight in the
cylinder and with very reduced friction, by arranging the number and sectional
area of the pistons E, E; the valves G, G, H, H, may be dispensed with, by
having holes on one side of the piston body A, A, to allow the steam to enter
the chambers, and act on the small pistons E, E, without passing through the
body of the piston, and alternate holes on the opposite of the piston, to
allow the steam to act on the pistons when the steam is admitted to act on
that side.
Fig. 37 shews another modification, wherein two inner rings C, C, are used
instead of one, and the ends of pistons E, E, are coned or rounded, so as to
press the packing rings B, B, laterally against the sides of the groove in which
they are placed, and radially against the cylinder.
Another modification is shewn in the upper part of Fig. 40, in which the
inner ring is removed, and the packing rings B, B, are lapped over and under
each other, so as to form a transverse joint; they may also be tongued into
each other, and bevilled or coned to admit the conical head of piston E, which
press the rings laterally and outwards.
The lower part of Fig. 40 is another modification, shewing the piston body
A, A, grooved out and recessed to receive the double flanged ring B, B, and
cap or stuffing ring M, which fits on the rim or flange N, so that M and N
combined form a circular stuffing box, which may be packed with any suitable
material. Each side of piston is provided with a series of inlet valves G, open-
ing inwards, as before described, and by means of corresponding perforations
the steam is admitted between the top of stuffing cap or ring M and inner part
of packing ring B, B, and thus presses the latter outwards against the cylinder
and compresses the stuffing ring M, and forcing the packing against the
flanges of the ring B, B, prevents the steam passing between them. The ring
B, B, may be cut into two or more parts, and the joints fitted with metal
tongues in the ordinary manner, or they may be divided into two thicknesses
and fitted with an internal wedge ring, as shewn in Figs. 36 and 37. The
circular stuffing box M may also be divided into two or more portions. The
small pistons E. E, and their chambers or cylinders, may be made distinct.
19

page_text: from the piston body A, A. The pressure of the packing rings against the
cylinder will depend upon the cylindrical area of stuffing ring M, and can
therefore be made to produce the most effectual result.
Fig. 38 is a partial plan, and Fig. 39 a section, of a further modification,
shewing spiral springs J, applied between pistons E, E, and packing rings, or
C springs, as at K, by which the pressure against the packing rings can be
more equally distributed than it can be by the pistons alone.
As to my improvements in the apparatus for the application and treatment
of steam, Figure 41 is an apparatus consisting of three concentric tubes or
pipes, marked 1, 2, and 3, forming two annular spaces A, A, B, B, and a
central one C, C; these pipes are provided at their several extremities with
suitably formed cups and chambers D, E, F, G, H, and J, so as to circulate the
steam and water in the desired manner. The operation of the apparatus will
be as follows:-The exhaust steam is by any convenient means, as per pipe 5,
thrown into the chamber E, E, and after filling and traversing the whole
annular space B, B, flows out at the other end by means of the chamber H
and pipe 10, from which it escapes into the atmosphere, or is conveyed to
other apparatus, shewn in Figure 45, and herein-after described. The feed
water from pump passes successively through the pipe S, four-way cock K,
pipe 6, and chamber F, into the outer annular space A, A, passing along
which, and absorbing heat from the steam contained in B, B, it is delivered by
the chamber G and pipe 9 into the chamber J, and returns by the central
tube C, C, after receiving à considerable addition of heat to chamber D, at the
other extremity, and from thence by pipe 4, cock K, and pipe 7, is conveyed
to the boiler. The pipes 1, 2, and 3 are jointed to respective chambers by
means of stuffing boxes and recessed rings, as shewn in Figure 41, the whole
being simultaneously tightened up by the central bolt 11.
A modification of the apparatus above described is shown at Figure 44,
wherein four concentric tubes, marked 1, 2, 3, and 4, are used, and by such
arrangement forming three annular spaces A, A, B, B, and C, C, and a central
tube D, D. By this arrangement the exhaust steam is admitted by means of
the pipes 5 and 7, chambers E and G, into the annular spaces B, B, and D, D,
and emerges therefrom by the chambers J and L, and pipes 10 and 11. The
feed water is circulated by means of the pipe 8 and chamber H into and along
the annular space A, A, to the chamber I, and through pipe 9 and chamber K
into and along the annular space C. C, to the chamber F, and thence by pipe 6
to the boiler. It will be evident, that the water in passing along the first
space A, A, will be heated by the steam contained in B, B, and that on its
return along C, C, it will receive heat on both sides, namely, from the steam

page_text: contained in B, B, and D, D, and will therefore be heated to a very high
degree. The action of both kinds of apparatus may be varied by directing the
steam into the passages above described, as being appropriated to the water,
and the water into those described as being occupied by steam, and of course
any convenient number of pipes may be used of any length or diameter, and
placed in any convenient situation, and either vertical or horizontal.
Figure 45 shews how a heating apparatus similar to Fig. 41 can be
applied to a locomotive engine, the letters and figures of reference being the
same; and it will be seen that the chamber E communicates by means of the
pipe 5 with the exhaust pipe Q, Q, and the feed water circulating as before
described is delivered by pipe 7 through the clack box L into the boiler.
Should it be desirable that the feed water should go direct to the boiler,
such object can be effected by means of the four-way cock K and its con-
necting rod R, which extends with its handle within convenient reach of the
engine man, who, by moving the rod R to the reverse position, as shewn,
can turn the water coming from pump along pipe 8 down into pipe 7 and direct
into the boiler.
I do not confine myself to the precise arrangements shewn on the Drawings,
as the apparatus may be placed in any convenient part of the engine, and
modified or varied in size or number of pipes and chambers to suit circum-
stances.
Another portion of my improved apparatus is shewn in Fig. 454, by which
it will be seen that the exhaust steam, after passing through the series of con-
centric pipes 1, 2, and 3, is delivered by the pipe 10 to the branch pipe 11,
sliding or coupling pipe M, and pipe 12, into the chamber N, placed under
the water tank, and into which chamber N jets of cold water are admitted by
means of the valve 14 and perforated cross pipe 15; and the jets of water, after
being heated by the steam contained in the chamber M, is drawn off by the
pipe 16, coupling pipe O, and pipe 17, to the pump, in order to be further
heated by passing through the concentric tubular apparatus previously described.
The chamber N may be of any required or desired shape or size, and may be
placed in any convenient position, either within the water tank at N', or
extending considerably under, as at N², or it may be placed in any convenient
part of the engine.
A modification of the chamber N is shewn by Figs. 42 and 43; wherein
Figure 42 is a plan, and Fig. 43 is an elevation, of a chamber N³, which is
traversed by three water spaces P, P, and P¹, and through such water spaces
the feed water is admitted by the branch pipe R, and drawn off to the pump
by the branch pipe S. The cells or chambers 1, 2, 3, and 4, formed between

page_text: the water spaces, are supplied with exhaust steam by means of the branched
pipe Q.
The arrangements of the chamber N³ may be varied by reducing or in-
creasing the number of water spaces, corrugating the sides so as to increase
the heat absorbing surface, or using tubes either in combination with the
water spaces, as shewn at P¹, or with tubes above, in lieu of water spaces and
otherwise. Another mode of treating the exhaust steam is shewn in Fig. 45,
and is shewn applied to the feed pipe 17, which pipe is enclosed by another and
larger one 18, so as to leave an annular space for the admission of the exhaust
steam from the pipe 10.
Having described my several improvements, I wish it to be understood
that I do not claim any of the parts herein-before described as taken separately;
but what I claim is,-
First, the combination of a transverse furnace or furnaces in communica-
tion with longitudinal furnaces, with the arrangements in connection therewith,
and as herein-before described.
Second, the construction of steam boilers in their internal arrangements, by
which the tubed heating surface is reduced and the direct heating surface
increased, and the situation of the tubed portion of the boiler is removed to
a greater distance from the direct action of the fire by the introduction or
formation of intermediate water spaces between the furnaces and the tubed
portion of the boiler, as herein-before described.
Third, the construction of the tubed portion of the boiler separate, distinct,
and removeable, but connected with the other portions of the boiler in such
manner, that the feed water required for the generation of steam may first enter
and pass through the tubed portion before it enters into the general boiler, as
herein-before described.
Fourth, the construction of that portion of the boiler for heating the feed
water as shewn without tubes, and as herein-before described.
Fifth, in having the water spaces herein-before described so shaped and
placed as to form flues or tubed-shaped passages for the products of com-
bustion in connection with fire slabs in the flues or passages, as herein-before
more particularly mentioned.
Sixth, the construction of the boilers of locomotive and other engines entirely
without tubes, in the manner herein-before described.
Seventh, the construction of pistons with valves and pistons or plungers
to be actuated by the force of the steam for the expansion of the packing,
together with the modifications and for the purposes herein-before mentioned.
Eighth, the combination and arrangements of tubes placed concentric with

page_text: each other and having spaces between them, so that the exhaust steam from
the cylinders and the feed water from the pump or pumps may pass through
some of the tubes, as herein-before described.
Ninth, the construction or formation of a chamber through which the exhaust
steam from the cylinders and the feed water from the pump or pumps may pass
through alternate spaces or tubes therein, and the placing of such chamber in
the smoke box, or in or beneath the water tank of the tender of a locomotive
engine, as herein-before described.
Tenth, I claim also the right to alter, vary, or modify the several arrange-
ments and combinations herein-before mentioned, so long as the same be not a
departure from my said Invention.
I have already obtained Letters Patent for my former Inventions relating
to furnaces and steam boilers, and the application and treatment of steam, and
several of the arrangements herein described are my new improvements of
such Inventions. I therefore wish it to be understood that I expressly limit
my claims herein to such new improvements accordingly and to the other
improvements herein described, which are new, and not secured by my said
former Letters Patent.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Beattie, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
JOSEPH BEATTIE. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above-named
Joseph Beattie, in the presence of
H. WICKENS, "Patent" Solicitor,
4, Tokenhouse Yard, Bank, London.