Improvements in Hot Water Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 20th Oct., 1892-Accepted, 26th Nov., 189%
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hot Water Heating Apparatus.
I, MICHAEL MARY BROPHY, of 251, High Holborn, in the County of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to gas-heated water apparatus chiefly designed for warming
railway carriages, but also applicable for warming other chambers or apartments,
and the object of my invention is to utilize as completely as possible the heat
produced by the combustion of the gas.
In carrying out my invention I preferably employ a boiler composed of two
concentric cylinders placed one within the other; the space between which forms.
the water space, and I heat the said boiler by means of, say, two atmospheric gas
burners arranged underneath the boiler.
In order to cause the heat from the burners to pass around the entire
surface of the boiler I place around the same, at a suitable distance therefrom,
directing plates or surfaces, which latter are preferably made hollow and filled
with air to prevent the radiation of the heat.
Upon the top of the boiler I place a coil of tubes forming part of the flow-pipe,
which coil of tubes is enclosed in a casing having extending across it a partition in
such a manner that the products of combustion, after passing over the boiler, pass.
also over the said coil and thereby further heat the water therein, the products of
combustion finally escaping to the fluc.
As in heating a railway carriage the boiler is upon the floor thereof and as it is
desirable that the circulating pipes should be as near to the floor as possible it is
necessary to provide for causing the heated water to descend to a lower level than
its point of connection with the boiler: this I accomplish by arranging a coil of
pipes in a chamber upon the wall of the carriage, which chamber has openings at
the top and bottom communicating with the interior of the carriage. With this
arrangement a circulation of air takes place through the said chamber and thereby
cools the water in the pipes sufficiently to cause the water to circulate in the
required manner. It will be understood that no heat is lost as the beat abstracted
by the circulating current of air passing over the pipes is discharged into the
carriage.
The boiler is advantageously enclosed in a jacketted casing, and the air for
supporting the combustion of the flames is passed through this jacket in order to
more or less warm the same.
In order to automatically regulate the heat of the carriage I advantageously
arrange within the same a rod or tube of material which readily expands and con-
tracts under variations of temperature, and I utilize the movement for controlling a
regulating cock attached to one of the burners; and in order to provide for
regulating the burner in case the gas is completely shut off I provide a pilot
flame.
My apparatus is advantageously used in conjunction with the gas cooking
apparatus sometimes used in dining saloon carriages.
Dated the 26th day of January 1892.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hot Water Heating Apparatus.
I, MICHAEL MARY BROPHY, of 251; High Holborn, in the County of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following, statement :-
€
My invention relates to gas-heated water apparatus chiefly designed for warming
railway carriages, but also applicable for warming other chambers or apartments,
and the object of my invention is to utilize as completely as possible the heat
produced by the combustion of the gas.
In carrying out my invention I preferably employ a boiler composed of two
concentric cylinders placed one within the other, the space between which
forms the water space. I heat the said boiler by means of, say, two atmospheric
gas burners arranged underneath the boiler.
In order to cause the heat from the burners to pass around the entire surface of
the boiler I place around the same, at a suitable distance therefrom, directing
plates or surfaces, which latter are preferably made hollow and filled with air to
prevent the radiation of the heat.
Upon the top of the boiler I place a coil of tubes forming part of the flow pipe,
which coil of tubes is enclosed is a casing having extending across it a partition in
such a manner that the products of combustion, after passing over the boiler, pass
also over the said coil and thereby further heat the water therein, the products of
combustion finally escaping to the flue.
.
As in a railway carriage heating apparatus the boiler is upon the floor of the
carriage and as it is desirable that the circulating pipes should be as near to the
floor as possible it is necessary to provide for causing the heated water to descend
to a lower level than its point of connection with the boiler: this I accomplish by.
arranging a coil of pipes in a chamber upon the wall of the carriage, which chamber
has openings at the top and bottom communicating with the interior of the carriage.
With this arrangement a circulation of air takes place through the said chamber
and thereby cools the water in the pipes sufficiently to cause the water to circulate
in the required manner. It will be understood that no heat is lost as the heat
abstracted by the circulating current of air passing over the pipes is discharged'
into 'the carriage.
The boiler is advantageously enclosed in a jacketted casing, and the air for
supporting the combustion of the flames is passed through this jacket in order to
more or less warm the same.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same by
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure is a longitudinal 'section of the boiler which I employ in'conjunction
with my heating apparatus:
Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same on the line ac, Figure 1; and, .
Figures 3 and 4 are horizontal sections on the lines y y and zz respectively of
Figure 1:
Figure 5 shews the arrangement of the cooling coil which I employ for producing
a circulation 'below the level of the boiler; and,
Figure 6 is a section on the line ¹¹Figure 5.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.
a, bare the two concentric.cylinders of my boiler, and c, e are the gas-burners by
means of which the boiler is heated. is a joint pipe placed upon the upper side
of the boiler and having connected to it 'a water chamber e, from which a number
of tubes f, extend to a second water chamber g to which the connection for the
flow pipe is attached. The lower end of the chamber y extends at i into the water
space between the ends of the concentric cylinders a, b, as shewn most clearly in

page_text: Figures 1 and 4, openings; being formed therein to establish communication
between the said chamber g and the interior of the boiler. The object of this
arrangement is to maintain a local circulation in the boiler independently of the
circulation which is produced owing to the connection of the flow and return pipes
of the circulating system therewith. is 'the connection for the return pipe of the
circulating system, the said connection being placed at the bottom of the
boiler.
k, k, Figure 2, indicate the directing plates or surfaces which are made hollow
and filled with air and which cause the heat from the gas-burners to pass around
the boiler in close contact therewith in the direction of the arrows, Figure 2.
/ indicates a casing surrounding the water tubes f, and between the water
chambers e, g, and m is a partition which extends nearly to the top of the chamber
containing the tubes f, f, the said partition serving to cause the products of com-
bustion after passing over the circular boiler to pass upwards over one part of the
tubes and then downwards over the other part whence they escape through the
openings n, n into the chamber n¹ and thence to the flue n².
o is a casing enclosing the boiler and p is a jacket surrounding the casing, the
said jacket serving to cause the air for supplying the burners to pass thereto in
the direction indicated by the arrows 3 3 3, Figure 2, so that it will be more or less
heated by contact with the casing o of the boiler.
indicates a double door, the inner plate of which closes the hole in the inner
casing whilst the latter closes the hole in the jacket; this arrangement of double
door being provided in order to prevent the air for supporting the combustion from
passing therethrough and thus prevent it passing into the combustion chamber
before it is properly warmed.
The cooling coil which I advantageously employ is shewn in Figures 5 and 6
consists of a series of tubes r, r attached to the end pieces s, s which are connected
to the flow pipe t of the boiler. These pipes r, r are enclosed in a casing u placed
against the partition u' between the compartment containing the heating apparatus
and the part of the carriage to be heated. The space enclosed by the casing u is
open at the top and bottom as at r, 1 so that a current of air can pass over the
said pipes r, and cool the water therein sufficiently to cause the same to flow
downwards and around the circulating pipes upon the floor of the carriage.
to is an expansion tank placed in conjunction with the flow pipe t.
In order to automatically regulate the heat of the carriage I advantageously
arrange within the same a rod or tube of material which readily expands and
contracts under variations of temperature, and I utilize the movement for con-
trolling a regulating cock attached to one of the burners, and in order to provide
for regulating the burner in case the gas is completely shut off I provide a pilot
flame.
My apparatus is advantageously used in conjunction with the gas cooking
apparatus sometimes used in dining saloon carriages.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In hot water heating apparatus a boiler having two concentric tubes, the space
between which forms the water space of the boiler, and two water chambers com-
municating with each other by means of pipes over which the products of
combustion which have passed over the circular boiler are caused to pass, the said
chambers being placed in communication with the water space of the circular boiler
so that a local circulation can take place therein independently of the circulation
produced through the flow and return pipes, substantially as described.
2. In hot water heating apparatus the combination with a boiler constructed in
the manner referred to in the preceding claiming clause and with the circulating
pipes connected with the said boiler, of a coil arranged in a closed casing and
adapted to have a current of air to pass therethrough in order to more or less cool

page_text: the water in the said coil for the purpose of causing the circulation to take place
below the bottom of the boiler, substantially as described.
3. The improvements in hot water heating apparatus hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 19th day of October 1892.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, E.C., Agents for the Applicant.