Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1887.
Complete Left, 7th July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 16th Sept., 1887.
I, FRIEDRICH VOITH of the firm of F. M. Voith of Heidenheim in the Empire of
Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to stuff engines or machines for use in the manufacture of
paper and has for its object to increase the effectiveness of such engines or machines.
In machines of this class as heretofore constructed the stuff transported by the
cylinder tends to leave the casing at the upper edge of the breasting in a direction
tangential to the cylinder.
As the stuff strikes against the cap or cover portion of the casing a considerable
portion of the stuff is thrown back again against the cylinder, and is accordingly again
transported to the admission side of the cylinder. Therefore only part of the quantity
of stuff passes over the breasting, and contributes to the circulation. Owing to this
unfavorable action the speed of revolution and the operation of the cylinder are
considerably diminished.
These defects are completely obviated according to the present invention, by the
employment of a double cap the middle partition of which forms a cross-piece, the
lower edge of which is close to the stuff engine cylinder, and deflects the stuff into
the front part of the cap behind the breasting.
The rear part of the cap which is placed over the cylinder and corresponds to the
stuff engine cap heretofore employed, operates in the present case only as a protecting
cap and serves to prevent the drops of water from being thrown outwards. It must
however be so shaped that the cylinder can be lifted at liberty.
If the cylinders do not run at a great circumferential velocity, which is frequently
the case especially when the motive power is not adequate, a considerable portion of
the stuff is severed from the cylinder, that is to say, from the cell spaces thereof,
DQ17

page_text: after the edge of the cross piece has been passed. This stuff flies in an oblique
direction upwards against the upper wall of the cap. With a suitable elevation of tho
cap and the arrangement of a scraper board the portion of the stuff is conducted into
the channel which is provided in the interior of the cap with a slope towards the
centre of the stuff engine, and conducts the stuff from the interior of the cap to a
channel whence it flows back into the vat.
Now although by the use of the improved cap the pull of the stuff engine in itself
would have to be considerably increased, practice shows that when the present stuff
engine cylinders are used this does not occur to such a degree as might bo expected.
If the effectiveness of the new cap is to be practically utilized, a further factor must
be added to act in conjunction therewith.
If by the use of the new cap a perfect discharge of the stuff is effected so that
accordingly the cells of the cylinder rotate empty below the cap, that is to say,
containing only air, this fact would, with the position of the cylinder knives as
heretofore, prevent the cells completely filling with stuff on their immersing again.
On the contrary, in this arrangement only a portion of the air can escape on the
cells passing under water, so that accordingly the cells, especially near the centre,
still contain much air, and are only partially filled with stuff.
In order to attain therefore, in conjunction with the favourable effect of the new
cap, the full effectiveness of the stuff engine, the arrangement of the cells mast bo such.
that any rotation of the air together with the cells is provented.
This can be effected in different manners, as follows:-
1st. By the knives at the bottom of the cells being provided with a series of holes
in such a manner that the air of each separate cell, on its immersion, can escapo into
the cell immediately above. During the motion of the cylinder a small portion of the
stuff will of course flow back through these holes, nevertheless the quantity of stuff
transported will be considerably greater than if the knives were not perforated.
2nd. By placing the knives in an inclined position in such a manner that the colls
are immersed one end first into the water so that the air contained in them is simply
displaced towards the other higher end of the cells. A further consequence of these
inclined knives consists in the stuff in the cells being forced from the lower end
towards the other. Now as the respective positions of the cell ends change in height
as soon as the cell arrives at the posterior rising half of the cylindor, tho stuff receives
again an opposite motion and in consequence thereof a thorough mixing of the stuff
is attained.
In lieu of these simple straight, inclined knives, also elbow-shaped or bent knives,
can be arranged in such a manner that the point immerses first into the mass, and
the air is dispelled towards either side.
According as the bend is made in the middle of the stuff engine cylinder or towards
one of the front sides, the velocities of revolution of the stuff will vary on the outsido
and the interior, and thus it is possible to render them everywhere equal, so that a
uniform grinding is effected.
The good effect of the elbow cylinder is in the first place based on this viz. that
here, as with the simple inclined knives the stuff in the cells is displaced first in one
and then back in the other direction, which is not possible with the stationary ground
work; and in the second place that by reason of the wide cylinder-cells much larger
masses of stuff are simultaneously subjected to the action of inclined knives than in
the narrow intermediate spaces of the ground work knives.
3rd. By the employment of a conical stuff engine cylinder to which, for the
purpose of more uniformly grinding the stuff the larger diameter is at the outside,
as thereby also the time of revolution of the stuff is kept as equal as possible. Tho
air here escapes towards the interior.
If the arrangement is made that the cylinder cells at their front ends communicate
at any time, and therefore also during the period in which they are filled with stuff,
with the surrounding air, the several cells are more rapidly and completely filled and
emptied than if the cells were during this time laterally closed by liquid so that the
air could not enter and leave freely. The arrangement of a number of scoop slats

page_text: on the front sides of the cylinder which slats protrude in a radial direction as far as,
or beyond, the circle of the cell ground, fulfills the object set forth. The slats, formed
of angle and flat iron are so long and high that they just fill the space between the
cylinder and cap or engine wall without touching the latter, and act like a centrifugal
pump within the circle described by the slats, accordingly no liquid is present but air
is there, and this air communicates with all the scoop cells, as the ground of the cells
extends into the circle described by the slats.
The application of the slats above described has the additional advantago that at
the place provided in the cap for the stuff engine shaft no stuff can pass out and the
troublesome stuffing or tightening devices at such places are dispensed with.
Dated this 97th day of April 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: CHO
Paper Pulp.
I, FRIEDRICH VOITH, of Heidenheim, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to stuff engines or machines for use in the manufacture of
paper and has for its object to increase the effectiveness of such engines or machines.
The said invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings the figures of which
are hereinafter referred to.
In machines of this class as heretofore constructed the stuff transported by the
cylinder tends to leave the casing at the upper edge of the breasting k in a direction
tangential to the cylinder.
As the stuff strikes against the cap or cover portion of the casing a considerable
portion of the stuff is thrown hack again against the cylinder, and is accordingly
again transported to the admission side of the cylinder. Therefore only part of the
quantity of stuff passes over the breasting, and contributes to the circulation. Owing
to this unfavourable action the speed of revolution and the operation of the cylinder
are considerably diminished,
These defects are completely obviated according to the present invention, by the
employment of a double cap H (figure 1) the middle partition of which forms a cross-
piece A the lower edge of which is close to the stuff engine cylinder, and deflects
the stuff into the front part of the cap B behind the breasting.
The rear part of the cap C which is placed over the cylinder and which corresponds
to the stuff engine cap heretofore employed, operates in the present case only as a
protecting cap and serves to prevent the drops of water from being thrown outwards.
It must however be so shaped that the cylinder can be lifted at liberty.
If the cylinders do not run at a great circumferential velocity, which is frequently
the case especially when the motive power is not adequate, the cap represented in
Figure 3 is employed.
By reason of too small a circumferential velocity a considerable portion of the
stuff is severed from the cylinder, that is to say from the cell spaces thereof, after the
edge of the cross piece A has been passed. This stuff flies in an oblique direction
upwards against the upper wall of the cap.
With a suitable elevation of the cap and the arrangement of a scraper board D
Figure 3 the portion of the stuff is conducted into the channel R¹ which is provided
in the interior of the cap with slope towards the centre of the stuff engine, and
conducts the stuff from the interior of the cap to a channel R' Figure 4, whence it
flows back at E Figure 4 into the vat.

page_text: Now although by the use of the improved cap the pull of the stuff engine in itself
would have to be considerably increased, practice shows that when the present stuff
engine cylinders are used this does not occur to such a degree as might be expected.
If the effectiveness of the new cap is to be practically utilized, a further factor must
be added to act in conjunction therewith.
If by the use of the new cap a perfect discharge of the stuff is effected. so that
accordingly the cells of the cylinder rotate empty below the cap that is to say containing
only air this fact would, with the position of the cylinder knives as heretofore, provent
the cells completely filling with stuff on their immersing again.
On the contrary, in this arrangement only a portion of the air can escape on the
cells passing under water, so that accordingly the cells, especially near the centre,
still contain much air and are only partially filled with stuff."
In order to obtain therefore, in conjunction with the favourable effect of the new
cap, the full effectiveness of the stuff engine, the arrangement of the cells must be
such that any rotation of the air together with the cells is prevented.
This can be effected in different ways as represented in Figures 2, 5, 6 and 7.
1st. By the knives at the bottom of the cells being provided with a series of holes
Figure 2 in such a manner that the air of each separate cell on its immersion, can
escape into the cell immediately above. During the motion of the cylinder a small
portion of the stuff will of course flow back through these holes, nevertheless the
quantity of stuff transported will be considerably greater than if the knives were not
perforated.
2nd. By placing the knives in an inclined position Figure 5 in such a manner that
the cells are immersed one end first into the water, so that the air contained in them
is simply displaced towards the other still higher end of the cells. A further con-
sequence of these inclined knives consists in the stuff in the cells being forced from
the lower end towards the other. Now as the respective positions of the cell ends
change in height, as soon as the cell arrives at the posterior rising half of the cylinder
the stuff receives again
an opposite motion and in consequence thereof a thorough
mixing of the stuff is attained."
In lieu of these simple straight, inclined knives, also elbow shaped or bent knives
as shown in Figure 6 can be arranged in such a manner that the point immerses
first into the mass, and the air dispelled towards either side.
According as the bend is made in the middle of the stuff engine cylinder or towards
one of the front sides, the velocities of revolution of the stuff will vary on the outside
and the interior, and thus it is possible to render them everywhere equal so that a
uniform grinding is effected.
The good effect of the elbow cylinder is in the first place based on this viz. that
here, as with the simple inclined knives the stuff in the cells is displaced first in one
and then back in the other direction, which is not possible with the stationary ground
work; and in the second place that by reason of the wide cylinder cells much larger
masses of stuff are simultaneously subjected to the action of the inclined knives than
in the narrow intermediate spaces of the ground work knives.
3rd. By the employment of a conical stuff engine cylinder Figure 7 to which for
the purpose of more uniformly grinding the stuff the larger diameter is at the outside,
as thereby also the time of revolution of the stuff is kept as equal as possible. The
air here escapes towards the interior.
If the arrangement is made that the cylinder cells at their front ends communicate
at any time and therefore also during the period in which they are filled with stuff,
with the surrounding air, the several cells are more rapidly and completely filled and
emptied than if the cells were during this time laterally closed by liquid, so that the
air could not enter and leave freely. The arrangement of a number of scoop slats L
on the front sides of the cylinder Figures 1 and 3 which slats protrude in a radial
direction as far as or beyond the circle of the cell ground fulfills the object set forth.
The slats, forined of angle and flat iron are of such length and height that they
just fill the space between the cylinder and cap or engine wall without touching the
latter, and act like a centrifugal pump. Within the circle described by the slats L

page_text: accordingly no liquid is present but air is there, and this air communicates with
all the scoop cells, as the ground of the cells extends into the circle described by
the slats.
The application of the slats above described has the additional advantage that at
the place provided in the cap for the stuff engine shaft no stuff can pass out and the
troublesome stuffing or tightening devices at such places are dispensed with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :—
First. In a stuff engine or machine a double cupped cap the joint of which forms a
cross piece or middle wall A, that deflects the stuff thrown from the cylinder, into the
second cup, so that the stuff is prevented from being taken back by the cylinder as
above described.
Second. In a stuff engine or machine a cylinder having either straight and
perforated, or helical and oblique, or elbow-shaped, bent knives, the bend being first
immersed, for the purpose of completely removing the air from the cells dipping into
tho stuff as above described.
Third. In stuff engines a conical cylinder in which the immersion of the cell takes
place in an oblique position whereby the air is forced out by lateral displacement.
Fourth. The arrangement of scoop slats L at the front sides of the cylinders which
extend as far as or nearly to the cell circle and almost fill up the space between the
cylinder and the wall or cap without touching for the purpose of the admission and
removal of air from the scoop cells and also to prevent the stuff from passing out
through the holes for the shaft in the cap as above described.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.