Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWILLED FABRICS FOR COVERING UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Samuel Mignot, of 38, Squirries Street,
Bethnal Green Road, Silk Manufacturer, for the Invention of " Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWILLED FABRICS FOR COVERING
UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS."
Sealed the 5th December 1873, and dated the 20th September 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Samuel Mignot
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th September 1873.
I, JOHN SAMUEL MIGNOT; of 38, Squirries Street, Bethnal Green
Road, Silk Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWILLED FABRICS FOR
COVERING UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce a material for covering the
frames of umbrellas, sunshades, and parisols, closely resembling that
described in my Provisional Specification filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office the Twenty-fifth day of July 1873, No. 2537, and possessing
similar advantages both in the facility and economy of production, and in
the quality and properties of the article produced, but differing slightly
in the formation of the twill.

page_text: This Invention consists in the arrangement of the tie, the twill being
produced by raising and lowering the ends of warp in groups, the
number of ends in each of the groups rased differing from that in each
of the groups lowered, and thus passing the weft alternately under and
over groups which are not in any case divided by the raising or lowering
of any one end by itself, but which are continually one end more to the
right or left as the case may be for each succeeding pick, the lammes
raised for each pick being those following each other in regular con-
secutive order, advancing one each time.
The twill may be wove from left to right or from right to left, from
back to face or from face to back, and in working according to this
Invention in silk I am able to use certain kinds of silk which are
cheaper than those which are used in weaving twilled umbrella silks as
formerly made, whereby as well as by the increased facility of working
I am able to produce my said material at a much lower cost, and at the
same time its durability is increased by its softness and lessened liability
to become creased as compared with the materials heretofore used..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Samuel Mignot in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th March 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SAMUEL MIGNOT, of 38, Squirries Street, Bethnal Green Road, Silk
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Samuel Mignot, Her
special licence that I, the said John Samuel Mignot, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Samuel Mignot, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of

page_text: Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWILLED FABRICS FOR
COVERING UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Samuel Mignot, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Samuel Mignot, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheets of Drawings or diagrams forming part of this
Specification :-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of twilled silks such as are
used for covering the frames of umbrellas, sunshades, and parasols, and
consists in the production of a material closely resembling that described
in the Specification of my Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of
June 1873, No. 2537, and possessing similar advantages both in the
facility and economy of production, and in the quality and properties of
the fabric produced; the several arrangements of the tie herein set forth
giving a variety of surfaces not attainable in working according to my
said former Patent. This I accomplish by means of certain arrange-
ments of the tie, the twill being produced according to this Invention
by raising and lowering the ends of warp in groups, as herein-after more
particularly described, and passing the weft alternately under and over
groups which are not in any case divided by the raising or lowering of
any one end by itself, but which are continually one thread more to the
right or left, as the case may be, for each succeeding pick; the lammes
raised for each pick being those following each other in regular con-
secutive order, and advancing one each time, as more fully explained
herein-after.
The twill may be wove from right to left or from left to right, from
back to face or from face to back, and in weaving according to this
Invention I am able to use silk, as for instance Chinese and Japanese,
which is less even and cheaper than that ordinarily used in weaving

page_text: twilled umbrella silks as heretofore made, whereby as well as by the
greater facility of working according to my Invention as compared with
the manner of working heretofore generally employed I am able to
produce my said material at a lower cost at the same time that by the
disposition of warp and weft produced by the manner of weaving herein
described its opacity is rendered greater and its softness and durability
are materially increased as compared with the twilled silks heretofore
generally used.
In order that my said Invention may be fully and readily understood by
practical weavers, I shall now proceed more particularly to describe the
same, and for that purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheets
of Drawings or diagrams hereunto annexed, on which are represented
the drafts which show the order in which the ends of warp are lifted.
The vertical lines. 1, 2, &c., represent the ends of warp, the numerals
indicating the order in which they are drawn in, that is to say, through
the dents, and it will be observed that in some of the Figures the
number of ends of warp drawn through one, two, or any other number
of dents of the reed does not correspond with the number of lammes, but
this does not affect the manner of working.
Fig. 1 shows the method of weaving on five lammes, raising two.
For the first pick or shoot of the weft I lift the first two lammes, viz.,
those numbered in the diagram 1 & 2. For the second pick I lift the
second and third lammes, viz., those numbered 2 & 3. For the third
pick I lift the third and fourth lammes, viz., those numbered 3 & 4.
For the fourth pick I lift the fourth and fifth lammes, viz., those
numbered 4 & 5. For the fifth pick I lift the first and fifth, viz.,
those numbered 1 & 5, which completes the course.
Fig. 2 shows the method of weaving on six lammes, raising two.
For the first pick I lift the first two lammes; for the second pick the
second and third; for the third pick the third and fourth; for the fourth
pick the fourth and fifth; for the fifth pick the fifth and sixth; for the
sixth pick the first and sixth, which completes the course.
Fig. 3 shows the method of weaving on seven lammes, raising two.
Two lammes are raised for each pick following each other in regular
succession, as indicated in the diagram, and in manner similar to those
already described.
Fig. 4 shows the method of weaving on seven lammes, raising three.

page_text: Fig. 5 shows the method of weaving on eight lammes, raising two.
Fig. 6 shows the method of weaving on eight lammes, raising three.
Fig. 7 shows the method of weaving on nine lammes, raising two.
Fig. 8, the method of weaving on nine lammes, raising three.
Fig. 9, the method of weaving on nine lammes, raising four.
Fig. 10, the method of weaving on ten lammes, raising two.
Fig. 11, the method of weaving on ten lammes, raising three.
Fig. 12, the method of weaving on ten lammes, raising four.
Fig. 13, the method of weaving on eleven lammes, raising three.
Fig. 14, the method of weaving on eleven lammes, raising four.
Fig. 15, the method of weaving on eleven lammes, raising five.
The number of lammes may, if desired, be doubled for a repeat.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature and object
ny said Invention, and in what manner the same may be convenientl
and advantageously carried into practice, I would observe that what
consider new and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secure
o me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the manu
acture of a twilled silk fabric for covering the frames of umbrella
unshades, and parasols by raising and lowering the ends of warp i
groups, in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Samuel Mignot, have her
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of March, i
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy
the
three
JOHN SAMUEL MIGNOT. (L.S.).
Witness to the signature of
the above-named John
Samuel Mignot,
NEWNHAM BROWNE,
Patent Agent,
29, Ironmonger Lane,
Cheapside.