CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PIPESTURE OFES AND TUBES AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Constant Jouffroy Duméry, of Paris, in the
Republic of France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PIPES
Mana
Scaled the 13th May 1853, and dated the 15th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Constant Jouffroy
Duméry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 15th November 1852.
I, CONSTANT JOUFFROY DUMERY, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for certain "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PIPES AND
TUBES AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists,--
1st. In the application of the molette used in the manufacture of
wrought iron, to the manufacture of pipes, of the principal of lami-
nating or intermittent polygonal drawing out machine..
2nd. In the application of the same process to the manufacture
of pipes, only using helical rolling or laminating machines.
3rd. In a rectilineal continuous laminating machine.
Till now, it has always been thought necessary to give to the
Die 1]

page_text: compressing apparati the shape of the product to be obtained; thus,
in the drawing out, to avoid friction against the sides of the draw
plates, it has been imagined to make use of draw plates composed of
rollers convergent to the same centre, each one having in its periphery
a grove concurring to the formation of the desired circle. These
kinds of laminating draw plates, independent of the enormous
expense necessitated by the multiplicity of the different dimen-
sions required for a complete set of tools, had a serious objec-
tion; that is, to laminate near the joint of the two consecutive
rollers, to wear out the angles; besides the different radii of a roller,
terminated by a circular groove, give different degrees of rapidity of
motion to the circumference for the laminating machines employed
in the manufacture of wrought iron. For the manufacture of copper
'tubes, so considerable a number of flutings would be required, that
practically this mode of manufacture may not be considered as appli-
cable. To avoid the multiplicity of rollers, the laminating process be-
tween two fluted cylinders must be made; in modifying the separation
of the latter, the thickness of the metal ceases to be uniform.
pressure is made in a tangent direction, the metal escapes on both
sides of the mandril, impeding the action of the machine and the
drawing out of the pipes To avoid these objections, the polygonal
laminating machine has been imagined, the rough material is packed,
and in which all the compressed parts advance are stretched, and by
which machine great rapidity, simplicity, and economy are obtained.
Fig. 1, of the Drawings represents an elevation and portion of a
section of the polygonal laminating apparatus. Fig. 2, is a vertical
section through A, B, of Fig. 1. Fig. 3, is an elevation of the side
facing Fig. 1, with a portion of which taken off to allow the gearing
of the second plan to be seen. ("Note."-In these three Figures
the same letters indicate the same parts.)
The
C, represents a tube being manufactured. D, is a cylinder
forming one of the slides of the tube being manufactured. E,
chappes, serving as frames to the laminating cylinders. F, axis of
the cylinders. G. wedges, serving to vary the exterior radius of the
tube being manufactured. E, screw fast to the two end, and tapped

page_text: in the wedges G, to make them advance or go back; I, indented
pinion giving the motion to the screw H; J, wheel gearing in all
the pinions, to make them have a simultaneous motion; K, angle
wheel of a piece with the wheel J, receiving its motion from the
pinion; L, conical pinion, setting the whole apparatus in motion
by means of the crank; L', crank handle; M, circular framework
receiving the whole strain of the work; M', plate or bottom, joined
to the framework M, in which are several flutings radiating to guide
the Mu, circle formning the front of the framework, and uniting the
different parts. In this mechanism the application may be made
by a tangent screw, or by any other arrangement acting simul-
taneously on all the cylinders. The parts bearing the molettes may
be made moveable, so that the diameter of the polygon may be
varied, that is to say, in a certain degree; but when it is required to
obtain very different diameters, the molettes are taken away and are
replaced by another series either smaller or larger.
To cause to pass under the rollers of the laminating machine, the
means now known are employed, or else the process hereafter
described in the polygonal work is terminated, and that the product
has to be smoothed, it is made to pass in a laminating machine with
fixed grooves, either in the apparati under which it is finished by
passing in three or four grooves of different dimensions, or in the
apparati of which the description will hereafter be given.
2nd.
1st. The simplification of the manufacturing of the metal.
Great fariabilité in the diameter of the apparati or polygonal
laminating machine. 3rd. Preservation of the ankles of the rollers.
4tb. Retention of the material in the whole periphery of the pipe at
work. 5th. Suppression of pads. 6th. Uniform motion of the
metal submitted to the laminating machine. 7th. Rapidity of
production by superposing and crossing of the rolers, that is to say,
by the simultaneous action of several successive laminating rollers
crossing polygonally. 8th. Reduction of the motive power necessary
for the manufacture. 9th. Possibility of hastening the passage of
the tubes. 10th. Economy in the price of the products.
Of the helical laminating :-One of the operations used in the

page_text: manufacture of wrought iron consists in presenting a molette suitably
inclined and fixed on a groove, which transports it before the product
while it has still a rotation movement. The molettes moves in a
direct line in the plan of the piece at work while the latter is turn-
ing, and describes round the product a helix, which constitutes a
true helical laminating apparatus. This process may be applied to
the manufacture of metallic pipes; the rough pipe coming directly
from the furnace, or from a first apparatus, is placed on a mandrel,
and in this state is submitted to the action of a series of rollers ar-
ranged in a circle, at the centre of a plate, which drags them all in
its rotary motion. The axis of each of these rollers is parallel to the
axis of the plate. It forms with the plan of the plate an angle which
determines the inclination or the course of the helex round the pipe
when it is being laminated. The diameter formed by the molettes is
variable, and can be modified and regulated by the help of screws. All
wedges act on the
which
, so that after
each pass, they may be drawn closer together, so as to proceed to a
new pass, and thus bring the tube to the required degree of thickness.
The tube submitted to the rotary action of a plate requires to be
maintained with enough firmness, that it may not turn, without,
however, preventing it from penetrating between the molettes, as
the helix draws it in; but if, instead of a single plate, there were
two placed one before the other, so that their symmetrical axis
should work together, that one of the plates turn to the right, whilst
the other turns to the left, the inclination of the helix being opposite,
the tube would move in the direction of the axis, without it being
requisite to maintain it otherwise than at the beginning of the work,
at the moment that the product is placed in, and at the moment
when it escapes from the axis of the two plates.
the
Figs. 4, and 5, represent the helical laminating apparatus; Fig.
4, front elevation of the laminating plate; Fig. 5, is a section of
Fig. 4, through the line A, B. In Figs. 4, and 5, the same letters
indicate the same parts. C, tube or pipe in course of being manu-
factured; D, molettes or rollers rounded in both directions, and or
which the radius in the perpendicular direction to the axis is more of

page_text: less great, according to the nature of the work required; E, cylin-
drical rods forming chappes roller bearers; F, axis of the rollers; G,
small levers fixed to the cl E, to make them oblique ; H, bolts or
pins fixed from one end to the circumference of the circle I, and on
the other engaged in an oblique slide or groove made in the width
of G; I, circle bearing as many bolts as there are rollers at work,
the object of which is to make them turn obliquely simultaneously;
J, plate and hollow shaft, bearing the whole apparatus; K, circular
wedge bearer, to give to all the rollers a desirable degree of pressure;
L, adjusting piece for the introduction of the wedge bearing circle
rectilineal drawing plate, with continuous motion.
The principle of the rectilineal drawing out machine constituting
part of this Invention is produced by the law of adhesion by contact
before. If to draw out a tube or any other piece of metal which would
break under a pressure of fifteen thousand pounds, it were necessary
to have attraction twelve hundred pounds, and that a pair of rollers
either of wold or of leather, or of any other suitable, might in being
compressed of a hundred pounds cause a traction of fifteen pounds
at their circumference, it would be necessary to have eighty rollers,
which, arranged in groups of four, represent twenty batteries or
rolling apparati, each drawing sixty pounds. The diameter of these
rollers being four inches, the twenty apparati will occupy a length
of eighty inches, or six feet eight inchies, and will act on the tube
as twenty hands each of which can draw 60 lbs. The tube or piece
in the course of manufacture, whatever it may be, will be in no ways
altered or injured, and the work will be continued without
intermission.
To this first advantage of continuation of action, there is to be
added another not less worthy of being appreciated, that of avoiding
the friction of the pieces, or the ends of the pipes losing their shape
to take hold of it in the pincers; this deterioration causes a great
enormous expense in manual labour, and a loss of ready wrought
metal. A tube 6 feet 8 inches long, introduced by the apparatus pre-
partors is taken hold of by a first series of biting wheels, which push
it into the draw plate, and is retaken by a second series who take

page_text: hold of it at its coming out from the draw plate to draw it, as the
number of the driving wheels would otherwise become insufficient.
In this way an apparatus being 1 ( et lang, that is to say, to say
6 feet before and 6 aft, will be capable of drawing (within certain
limits of resistance) all products, whatever may be their length.
Descriptive legendary of continual rectilineal drawing apparatus
represented in Figs. 6, and 7. Fig. 6, and section in detail,
of a series of rollers. Fig. 7, portion of the lateral elevation and
longitudinal section by near the axis. Nota.-In these two Figures
the same letters indicate the same parts.
A, tube in course of manufacture; B, fabrication; C, 'axis of the
rollers D, pulleys worked by leather bands to the axes; E, wedges
of the axes; F, springs of the roller; G, H, draw plates; I, support
of the abutment of the draw plate.
From the preceding, it will clearly be understood, that we have an
exclusive right to our having cause the molettes to be used in the
manufacture of tubes and tiles of every kind, and for all uses,
and in making this molette act by zones (that is to say), to make
it pass at every step of its progress the hoops upon the tube,
whether longitudinal and parallel to the axis, or helical, or lastly,
in making it act as a means of traction to render its motion
continual, and with taking away the work of the draw bench,
which is essentially intermittent. Consequently, we wish to obtain
the exclusive privilege of the manufacture, the sale, and the use of
the apparatus fit for the completion of metal tiles, without welding,
by the application of molette. To conform to the limitations of
the law, we have made a scale of construction; but it will easily be
understood, that according as quality has preference over quality, the
dimensions and the number of the rollers ought to be varied, and
also consequently that of the general construction,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CONSTANT JOUFFROY DUMERY, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry, Her
special license that I, the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Constant Jouffroy Duméry, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF METALLIC PIPES AND TUBES, AND IN THE MACHINERY EM-
PLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Constant Jouffroy Duméry, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months, next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof and the
Drawings hereunto annexed (that is to say):
To render this Specification more intelligible, I divide my de-
scription into three parts: the first part relates to the tool or

page_text: 2nd, a drawing bench with varied course and multiplicate opera-
tions; 3rd, a return apparatus for the mandrils.
The third part includes, 1st, an unmandrilling by rolling or by
drawing; 2nd, an unmandrilling by pressure or percussion; 3rd, an
unfastening apparatus.
FIRST PART.
"
Of the polygonal laminating: -Till now it has always been
thought necessary to give to the compressing apparati the shape-
of the product to be obtained; thus, in the drawing out, to avoid
friction against the sides of the draw plates, it has been imagined
to make use of draw plates composed of rollers .convergent to the
same centre, each one having in its periphery a groove concur-
ring to the formation of the desired circle. These kinds of la-
minating draw plates, independent of the enormous expense neces-
sitated by the inultiplicity of the different dimensions required for
a complete set of tools, had a serious objection; that is, to laminate
near the joint of the two consecutive rollers, to wear out. the
augles; besides the different radii of a roller terminated by a circu-
lar groove gives different degrees of rapidity of motion to the cir-
cumference; for the laminating between two cylinders, similar to
the fluted laminating machines employed in the manufacture of
wrought iron, or the manufacture of copper tubes, so considerable
a number of flutings would be required, that practically this mode
of manufacture may be considered as not applicable. To avoid the
multiplicity of rollers, the laminating process between two fluted
cylinders must be made; in modifying the separation of the latter,
the thickness of the metal ceases to be uniform. The pressure is
made in a tangent direction, the metal escapes on both sides of the

page_text: mandril, impeding the action of the machine, and the drawing out
of the pipes. To avoid these objections, the polygonal laminating
machine has been imagined, into which the rough material is forced,
and in which all the compressed parts advance, and are stretched,
and by which machine great rapidity, simplicity, and economy are
obtained.
Fig. 1, of the Drawings represents an elevation and portion of
a section of the polygonal laminating apparatus. Fig. 2, is a verti-
cal section, through A, B, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, is an elevation of the
side facing Fig. 1, with a portion of the wheel take:: off to allow
the gearing.of the second plan to be seen. Note. In these three
figures; the same letters indicate the same parts.
C, represents a tube being manufactured; D, is a cylinder, form_
ing one of the sides of the tube being manufactured; E, guides,
serving as frames to the laminating cylinders; F, axis of the cy-
linders G, wedges serving to vary the exterior radius of a tube
being manufactured; H; a screw fast to the extremities, and tapped
in the wedges. G, to make them advance or go back; I, notched
pinion, giving the motion to the screw H; J, wheel gearing in all
the pinions, to make them have a simultaneous motion; K, angle
wheel, of a piece with the wheel J, and receiving its motion from
the pinion; L, conical pinion setting the whole apparatus in motion
by means of the crank; L', crank handle; M, annular framework,
receiving the whole strain of the work; M³, plate or bottom, joined
to the framework M, in which are several flutings, radiating to
gide the pieces E; M", circle forming the front of the framework,
and uniting the different parts. In this mechanism the application
may be made by a tangent screw, or by any other arrangement
acting simultaneously on all the cylinders. The parts bearing the
laminators may be made moveable, so that the diameter of the poly-
gon may be varied; that is to say, in a certain degree; but when
it is required to obtain very different diameters, the laminators are
taken away, and are replaced by another series, either smaller or
larger.
To cause the tubes to pass under the rollers of the laminating

page_text: machine, the means now known are employed, or else the process
hereafter described. When the polygonal work is terminated, and
that the product. has to be smoothed, it is made to pass in a
laminating machine with fixed grooves, either in the drawing out
apparati, under which it is finished by passing in three or four
grooves of different dimensions, or in drawing out machines of suit-
able dimensions, or in the apparati of which the descriptions will
hereafter be given.
of
1st. The simplification of the manufacturing of the metal. 2nd.
Great facility in varying the diameter of the apparati, or polygonal
laminating machines. 3rd. Preservation of the angles of the rollers.
4th. Retention of the material in the whole periphery of the pipe
being manufactured. 5th. Suppression of seams or bulges.
6th.
Uniform motion of the metal submitted to the laminating machine.
7th. Rapidity of production, by superposing and crossing of the
rollers; that is to say, by the simultaneous action of several succes-
sive laminating rollers crossing polygonally. Sth. Reduction of the
motive power necessary for the manufacture. 9th. Suppression of
the collars to fix them on to the draw benches. 10th. Suppression
any interior and exterior greazing: 11th. Dispensing with the
cleaning of the tubes after each heating. 12th. Economy in the
price, and superiority of the products. Note-The manufacture of
a tube without solder has two very distinct phases: the first consists
in making the cast iron metal undergo certain pressures, so as to
convert it into ductile metal. The second, in drawing the thickness
and shape. To hasten these operations, I use two different apparati
as to the size of the winding machine. The apparatus converting
the cast copper into ductile copper is so constructed as to receive
laminators of a greater diameter, pressing together the particles of
metal rather than drawing them out. The other, which is repre-
sented in Figs. 1, 2, 3, is similar to the first, except the dimen-
sions of the laminators, which are varied accordingly to the rapidity
wished to be attained on drawing the tubes.
Of the helical laminating:-One of the operations used in the
manufacture of wrought iron, consists in presenting a laminator

page_text: suitably inclined, and fixed on a groove, which transports it before
the product while it has still a rotation movement. The laminator
moves in a direct line, in the plan of the piece at work, while the
latter is turning and describes round the product a helix, which
constitutes a fine helical laminating apparatus. This process may
be applied to the manufacture of metallic pipes; the rough pipe
coming directly from the furnace, or from a first apparatus, is placed
on a mandril, and in this date is submitted to the action of a series
of laminating rolls arranged in a circle at the centre of a plate,
which drags them all in its rotary motion. The axis of each of these
rollers is not quite parallel to the axis of the plate: it forms with
the plan of the plate an angle, which determines the inclination or
the course of the helix round the pipe when it is being laminated.
The diameter formed by the laminators is variable, and can be
nodified and regulated by the help of screws or wedges acting on
the guides which bear the laminators, so that after each pass they
may be drawn closer together, so as to proceed to a new pass, and
thus bring the tube to the required degree of thickness. The tube
submitted to the rotary action of a plate requires to be maintained
with enough firmness that it may not turn, without, however,
as the helix
preventing it from penetrating between the
draws it in; but if, instead of a single plate, there were two placed
one before the other, so that their symmetrical axes should work
together, and that one of these plates turn to the right whilst the
other turns to the left, the inclination of the helix being opposite,
the tube would move in the direction of the axes without it being
requisite to maintain it, otherwise than at the beginning of the work
at the moment that the product is placed in, and at the moment
when it escapes from, the axis of the two plates.
Figs. 4, and 5, represent the helical laminating apparatus. Fig. 4,
front elevation of the laminating plate. Fig. 5, a section of Fig. 4,
through the line A, B. In Figs. 4, and 5, the same letters indicate
the same parts. C, a tube or pipe in course of being manufactured ;
1), cylinders or rolls, rounded in both directions, and of which the
radius in the perpendicular direction to the axis is more or less great

page_text: according to the nature of the work required; E, cylindrical rods
forming guides or roller bearers; F, axis of the rollers; G, small
levers fixed to the guides E, to make them oblique; EI, bolts or pins
fixed from one end to the circumference of the circle I, and on the
other engaged in an oblique slide or groove made in the width of G;
I, circle bearing as many bolts as there are rollers at work, the object
of which is to make them turn obliquely simultaneously; J, plate
and hollow shaft, bearing the whole apparatus; K, circle wedge
bearer, to give to all the rollers the desirable degree of pressure; L,
adjusting piece for the introduction of the wedge bearing circles.
Note. The number of rollers may be increased at will.
T
Of the hammering: A second apparatus, the hammer which is
employed for the manufacture of wrought iron, I also use to manu-
facture metal tubes and pipes. For this purpose, I arrange a series
of hammers round a common centre, and make them act either by
compression, as with jointed hammers, or by percussion, as with
(martinets) hammers, having elastic or stiff handles. The tube
being placed on a mandril partial and fixed, or on a mandril of the
length of the article to be manufactured, and moving with it, is
exposed to the action of the hammers, which produce, as in my
laminating apparatus, an annular operation by
if the article
is made to rotate before advancing it, and a helical operation of the
product if the article is made to travel in the direction of the axis,
while it has a rotary motion, and an operation by parallel zones if
the article be moved without giving it a rotary motion. This
operation may be made simultaneously in several apparati, so as to
quicken the manufacture. My object in thus operating is to convert
the cast iron metal, after a few operations, into a ductile metal,
because in a narrower space than can be accomplished with a
winding machine, to the working part of the hammers a nearly
level shape may be given in the direction of the axis; that is to
say, drawing but little, and greatly compressing in such a manner
that, without fatiguing the metal, it may be rapidly brought to a
malleable state to the degree required, so that, it may only have to

page_text: be drawn by the laminating apparatus, or by the help of ordinary
draw benches.
This same apparatus may also serve to unmandril in widening
the working zones, so that the metal sliding on each side of the
hammer on the mandril, and not being sufficiently supported at the
sides, a widening of the cylinder and an easy unmandrilling are the
results. The lappets formed by the polygonal work may also be
easily effaced, by turning the product in a series of machines con-
structed for that purpose. Description of Figs. 1, and 2, Sheet 2,
Fig. 1, front elevation and portion of the section of the apparatus
for laminating by hammering. Fig. 2, section by a, b, of Fig. 1.
Note. In Figs. 1, and 2, Sheet 2, the same letters indicate the same
objects. A, tube in course of manufacture; B, hammers to lengthen
the tube by compression; C, jointed pieces causing the pressure on
the hammers; D, circle and crank handle working the jointed
pieces and the hammers; E, band with feet and braces binding the
whole apparatus; F, wedges to regulate the hammers; G, circle
with inclined planes to regulate the pressure.
Of the compression or forcing out substituted for drawing:-
A second method of planning the products, of finishing them, or
of changing their diameter, consists in the employment of draw
plates, applied either to draw benches as at present in use, or to
benches for drawing articles which I describe, or finally, to my
continuous apparatus already described, but only by reversing the
ordinary functions of the drawing; that is to say, by making them
act in a reversed way. At present to submit a tube to the drawing,
an interior enlargement is made in the molten metal, which has a
screw (preferably) inserted in a flange or collar at the extremity
of the tube, as represented in Fig. 3, Plate 2. This collar is pressed
by the aid of a screw nut, or by any other means, and a drawing
is effected so as to extend the tube, that is to say, that the draw
plates remaining fixed, the tube is drawn after the manner of a rod.
The part of the tube not lessened passes behind the draw plate, and
the part drawn is that which produces the elongation; that is to say,
that the strain of the draw plate tends to render the particles of

page_text: metal further apart, and even separate them, for two reasons; first.
the strain of drawing, and then the displacing of the particles which
the draw plate produces.
These two serious evils are corrected by exercising on the pro-
ducts a pressure in place of traction; that is to say, in substituting
for traction (or drawing) an outward pressure extension by com-
pression; in other words, the products under operation, in place of
being fixed to the mandril by the extremity, which first enters into
the draw plate, is on the contrary forced by a ring of the same form,
but a little smaller in diameter, and acting at the part which ought
to pass last into the draw plate, whether when the draw plates are
fixed and the tube moveable, or when the draw plates are moveable
and the tube fixed. Already in the insertion of the ends by the
draw bench, the mandril is pushed instead of being drawn, but
the product is always fixed to the mandril by the end which
first enters into the draw plate, whilst in my method it is not only
the mandril which is forced on, it is the product; for I can equally
draw the mandril (this means of affording the movement is unim-
portant), provided that it bears a hole or indentation attached or
fixed, which permits the product to be forced into the draw plate in
order that the particles may enter the draw plate without difficulty,
in place of being distended.
I dispense with describing all the known parts of draw benches,
or with entering into the details of partial or entire mandrils, of
their working, hooking, &c. I confine myself to describing, as a
Dew modification in cold drawing, the employment of jointed draw
plates, connected either by a ring or exterior collar, Fig. 7, Plate 2,
or by keys with hinges, Fig. 8, Plate, 2, or by levers, &c. &c., allowing
the production to be expedited.
It is, more specially, the mode of working by forcing out, which
I lay claim to as novel, rather thau the working of the whole of my
apparatus, in which two tubes may be mounted upon the same
mandril, whilst two draw plates meeting them both, laminate each
of them; in which the draw plates may be fixed, and the mandrils
forced into the draw plates, either from left to right or from right

page_text: Of the new continuous rectilineal drawing:-The operation of the
drawing of metals owes one of its greatest advances to the adapla-
tion of rolls, which have rendered continuous, and without renewals,
a work which hitherto had been intermittent, and caused from place
to place local depressions occasioned by the stoppages, but the
advantage of the application of the rollers is limited to those
products only which can be rolled. The materials submitted to the
drawing, and which, by their nature, their form, or their dimensions,
cannot be thus operated on, are still drawn by benches of a certain
length, and form the object of an intermittent work which requires
for each production special arrangements.
The principle of my continuous rectilineal drawing is based upon
the law of adhesion by contact before motion. If to draw a tube,
or any other material which would fracture, under a strain of 1500
Ihs, it would be necessary to exercise a power of traction of 1200 lbs,
and as a pair of rolls either of wood, copper, or of any other sub-
stance, might, being compressed by one hundred pounds, operate at
their circumference in turning with a power of traction equal to
fifteen pounds at the point of contact, it would require eighty
rolls, which, ranged in groups of four, will represent twenty lami-
nators drawing or forcing each sixty pounds; the diameter of these
rolls being of four inches, the twenty apparati will
will occupy a length
of eighty inches, or six fect eight inches, and will act upon the tube
like twenty pincers which would draw each sixty pounds. The
tube or the material under operation, whatever it be, will neither
be altered nor injured, and the work will become continuous instead
of intermittent.
To this first advantage of the continuance of action, another is
added, not less desirable, that of avoiding the sticking of the
materials, or of the ends, by seizing it with pincers. A tube brought

page_text: to a length of six feet by prepared apparatus, is seized by a first
series of rollers, which force it into the draw plate, and it is then
seized by a second series, which takes hold of it at its exit from the
draw plate to draw it, since the number of the forcing rollers would
become insufficient. Consequently, an apparatus of 12 feet in
length, that is to say, six feet in front and six feet behind, is found
capable of drawing, with certain limits of resistance, all products of
whatever length.
Description of the continuous recilinear drawing machine repre-
sented Fig. 6, and 7, Plate 1:-Fig. 6, view and section in detail of
a series of rollers. Fig. 7, portion of a lateral elevation and longi-
tudinal section through the axis. Note. In these two Figures the
same letters indicate the same parts. A, tube during manufacture.
B, rolls. C, axis of rolls. D, leather straps lowered down to the
E, journals of the axes, C. F, compressing springs of the
rolls, B. G, framework uniting all the axes. EL, draw plates.
I, support of the abutment of the draw plates.
axes.
I give in Figures 4, 5, 6, Plate 2, a second specimen of an appli-
cation of my principle of continuous drawing in which the func-
tions are divided. The rolls do not serve for drawing, they only
operate for compression; and these are chains, or in their place
any other funicular transmission which perform the traction or
drawing.
Description of second continuous drawing apparatus by pres-
sure Figs. 4, 5, 6, Plate 2. Fig. 4, elevation, with portion of
section. Fig. 5, horizontal projection with portion of section,
through a, b, Fig. 4. Fig. 6, section through c, d, Fig. 4 and 5.
Note. In Figs. 4, 5, 6, the same figures indicate the same parts.
A, tube being manufactured. C, rolls operating the pressure.
D), cross pieces and levers supporting the rolls and binding them
two and two together. E, chains operating the traction or drawing.
F, nuts, cog wheels, and pullies, giving motion to the chains.
G, compressing springs.
Of the multiple benches for various lengths:
The manufacture wholly or partially of tubes, is effected, either

page_text: by my continuous apparatus, or by the ordinary draw benches ;
and as I desire to attain the greatest perfection in all the stages
of this manufacture, I improve equally the last; and the following
is a description of the improved apparatus, reference being had to
the Drawings represented Sheet 3, Figs. 1, 2, 3.1
Description of the multiple drawing bench for various lengths,
represented Figs. 1, 2, 3, Plate 3:-Fig. 1, elevation with portion
of section. Fig. 2, horizontal projection with portion divided
through a, b, Fig. 1. Fig. 3, section through c, d, Figs. 1 and 2.
Note. In Figs. 1, 2, 3, the same letters indicate the same parts.
A, framework supporting the chariot B, the draw plate bearers C,
and and the toothed bars D. In this framework slots M, are made,
so as to render the distance of the draw plates and the chariot
variable. B, chariot moveable upon the framework A. bearing the
mandrils. C, draw-plate bearers, fitting in one of the slots, M, M, M,
of the framework A. D, toothed bars fixed to the framework A.
E, pinions gearing with the toothed bars D; these are the two
pinions which carry away the chariot B. F, pullies and gearing
possessing a circular continuous motion, which is changed to a
rectilinear one alternately, by means of the arrangement H, the
pinions E, and their toothed bars, like machines for planing metals.
Note. In this arrangement the toothed bars may be replaced by
chains; this does not prevent from pushing or drawing upon the
draw-plate bearers. It is directed by a groove, which hinders it
from deviating.
Advantages of these improvements :-Variety of products worked
simultaneously, and which may be made of different lengths. The
power of working by forcing or drawing at will, without the
apparatus being injured.
Apparatus for the return of the mandrils:-The labour for the
mandrils, charged or not with tubes to be manufactured, fatigues
the workmen, so as to restrain, in a considerable degree, the
amount of work produced. I propose to remedy this evil, and pro-
duce an amelioration for the workmen, and at the same time an
0

page_text: economy in the price of production, by the apparatus for the return
of the mandrils hereafter described.
Description of the apparatus for the return of the mandrils,
represented by Figs. 4, 5, Plate 3 :-Fig. 4, vertical section of the
apparatus. Fig. 5, horizontal projection. Note. In Figs. 4, and 5,
the same letters iudicate the same parts.
A, cross pieces supporting the rolls and the inclined planes.
B, rolls moving in the direction of the work, and conducting the
mandril to the stops C. C, stops destined to limit the course of
the mandril.
E, inclined planes transporting the mandril from the
rolls B, upon the rolls F. F, rolls turning in a contrary direction
to the former and bearing the mandril towards the stop C. C', stop
retaining the mandril to limit its course, facing the position which
it must occupy when the work commences. E, inclined planes
bearing the mandril upon the chariot which gives it movement.
The mandril at the outlet of the apparatus is carried away by
rolls moved with rapidity, which bear it quickly to the end of its
course. Then an inclined plane forces it to roll upon the side of
the bench, where it finds rolls turning in a contrary direction from
the first, and which replace it rapidly at the place most favourable
or the workman, who should employ it again in the apparatus.
THIRD PART.
Unmandrilling by rolling-To take away the mandrils from
the interior of the tube when the rolling has pressed them with
force, it is necessary generally to present an obstacle to the tube,
and to exercise upon the mandril a drawing, or traction, sufficiently
powerful to surmount the tendency to slip. This is done by the
aid of ordinary draw benches by replacing the working ring or
collar by a projecting collar. I proceed very differently. In order
that the tube may present no resistance, and that the unmandrilling
rolls, which I shall describe further, may easily extract the
mandrils from the tube, I increase their interior diameter by per-
forming a partial rolling upon two, four, or eight sides. This
rolling norformed hea
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page_text: cylindrical, or of a slight curve, is intended to make the material
glide upon the sides of the mandril, and, consequently, the interior
diameter becomes enlarged. This result being obtained the tube
is taken off with great facility and rapidity. This apparatus
being of the same nature as those I have previously described,
excepting as to the number of the rolls, I have thought new figures
to be unnecessary.
Unmandrilling by pressure:-What I have just said of my
apparatus for rolling for the increasing of the tubes, I perform
likewise with my apparatus for hammering by pressure, con-
structed with a 'less number of pressing hammers. Only, as this
instrument is less rapid than the rolling, I have recourse to it for
indifferent alloys, or for brittle metals which would not bear a
local distention without inducing cracks or. ruptures in the sur-
rounding parts not laminated.
Unmandrilling rollers: When the tube is increased in diame-
ter, it must be separated from the mandril, and placed on one
side, and the tube on the other. This makes an apparatus for
unmandrilling, composed of a certain number of rolls turning in
one direction, and of a like number turning in another direction,
in such manner that the first acting in one direction upon the
tube, and the others in a contrary direction upon the mandril
each of these two parts may be directed in two opposite directions.
The two specimens of continuous traction which I have given
above, will render repetition unnecessary here. It will suffice to
give a correct idea to suppose that the apparatus may be opened
or widened to introduce the tube. In the instance where the num-
ber of rolls which may be in contact with the mandril should be
insufficient to counterbalance the power of traction exercised by
the greater number of rolls in contact with the pipe, two holding
catches should be introduced, opposing the carrying away of the
mandril, as in Fig. 6, Plate 3; and it is only when the tube is
nearly drawn out that the rolls bearing on the mandril may com-
mence carrying it off.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of

page_text: my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, I here state that I do not confine or limit myself to the
exact details and dimensions indicated;- but what I claim is--First.
The employment of the
for the manufacture of tubes
and pipes of all kinds by causing this
that is to say, by making it trace at
lines, either longitudinal, parallel, or
to act by zones;
each situation upon the tube
helical, hot or cold, and with
a partial or entire mandril in the interior of the pipes.
Secondly. The application of the hammer for obtaining the same
result.
Thirdly. The manufacture by forcing out substituted for trac-
tion or drawing.
Fourthly. The continuous drawing.
Fifthly. The apparatus for carrying off the mandrils.
Sixthly. The improvements in drawing benches.
Seventhly. The unmandrilling by enlarging the tubes.
Eighthly. The unmandrilling rolls for freeing the tubes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Constant Jouffroy Duméry,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of
May, in the year of our Lord. One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-three.
C. J. DUMERY. (L.S.)