AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL GRANITE IN VARIOUS FORMS, AND PLATING OR VENEERING THE SAME WITH MARBLE, SO AS TO PRESENT AN EXTERIOR OF MARBLE AND AN INTERIOR OF STONE OR GRANITE
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hartas Headley, of the Township of Walpole,
County of Haldimand, and Province of Canada, Lumber Merchant, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL
GRANITE IN VARIOUS FORMS, AND PLATING OR VENEERING THE SAME WITH
MARBLE, SO AS TO PRESENT AN EXTERIOR OF MARBLE AND AN INTERIOR OF STONE
OR GRANITE."
Scaled the 29th May 1857, and dated the 12th December 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hartas Headley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th December 1856.
I, JAMES HARTAS HEADLEY, of the Township of Walpole, County of. Haldi-
mand, and Province of Canada, Lumber Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for. "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING
ARTIFICIAL GRABITE IN VARIOUS FORMS, AND PLATING OR VENEERING THE SAME
WITH MARBLE, SO AS TO PRESENT AN EXTERIOR OF MARBLE AND AN INTERIOR OF
STONE OR GRANITE;" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the moulding of articles in artificial stone in such
manner that they will present an exterior resembling marblo and an interior
of granite. To attain this end, I take good clean sand, fine gravel, or any
pulverable siliceous matter, and add thereto a portion of fresh burnt lime
(protoxide of calcium), reduced by grinding to an impalpable powder; these
I. incorporate by mixing intimately. The natural dampness of the sand or

page_text: gravel will slack the lime, which heating, will cauterize the silicon, and form a
thin film or pellicle of lime over each grain of silica. When the composition
has become cold it is to be moistened with water until it is sufficiently damp
to pack together. This composition is what I use to form the granite base of
the moulded articles.
To form the marble surface, I take granulated. marble and mix it with
ground unslacked lime, in the manner described with respect to the siliceous
matter, and I moisten the same until it is sufficiently damp for packing.
These two compositions of ingredients I put into a smooth steel mould in
such a way so as to leave the sand and lime in the interior of the block, and a
thin lamina of the marble and lime on the outside. The mass thus prepared
I subject to pressure; when removed from the press, it gradually hardens by
the absorption of carbonic acid gas from the atmosphere.
When making pavements, tombstones, sinks, &c. I use hydraulic 'lime
instead of quicklime, and for all purposes wherein the mass is subjected to
frequent changes of temperature and the constant action of water. I consider
the use of hydraulic lime or cement preferable to quicklime.
To imitate the different varieties of marble, I. use a new kind of coloring
matter, made by grinding iron ore and the oxide of iron and heating the same
in a close retort; this I mix with the granulated marble before pressing..
To give extra hardness and polish to the block, I saturate it for a few hours
in a decoction of soluble glass (silicate of potash), and heat it to a temperature
of 300° Fahr.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Hartas Headley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th June 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HARTAS HEADLEY, of the Township of Walpole, County of Haldimand, and
Province of Canada, Lumber Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Hartas Headley Her special licence that I, the said
James Hartas Headley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said James Hartas Headley, my executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL GRANITE
IN VARIOUS FORMS, AND PLATING OR VENEERING THE, SAME WITH MARBLE, SO AS TO
PRESENT AN EXTERIOR OF MARBLE AND AN INTERIOR OF STONE OR GRANITE," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Hartas Headley, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in, what manner, the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, tho said James Hartas Headley, do hereby.
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the: same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-.
:}
This Invention relates to a new process of manufacturing artificial stone by
moulding and pressure, whereby the moulded. block or article may be made to
present an exterior of marble, while its interior is composed of a coarser
material. My process is as follows:-
.
First, take good clean sand, fine gravel, or any pulverable siliceous matter
in any desired quantity, and to this add a portion of fresh burnt limo
(protoxido of calcium), reduced by grinding to an impalpable powder;
incorporate those two substances by mixing them together as intimately as
possible. The natural dampness of the sand or gravel will slack the lime,
which in beating will cauterize the silicon, and form a thin film or pelliclo of
lime over each grain of silica. The proportions of sand and lime vary, accord-
ing to their purity and strength, from five parts of siliceous matter for every
one of lime, to forty parts of the former for every one of the latter; a good
proportion is ten or twelve parts of sand to one of lime. When the com-
position has become cold, and is thoroughly amalgamated, it is to be
then moistened with water until it is sufficiently damp to pack. This .com-
position is what I use to form the granite, or coarse base of the articles to bo
moulded.
Second, take granulated marble (pulverized carbonate of lime) and mix it
with ground unslacked lime in the same proportions, way, and manner, as the
siliceous matter above described, and moisten the same until it is sufficiently
damp for packing.

page_text: When I desire to employ these two compositions in moulding any article,
say, a block, I place them in a smooth metal mould in such a way as to leave
the sand and lime in the interior of the block, and a thin lamina of the marble
and lime on the outside, say, from a quarter to half an inch thick. The
mass, thus prepared, I then subject to a great pressure, say, from one to
three tons per square inch of surface, after which I remove it from the
press; the moulded block will then gradually harden by the absorption of
carbonic acid gas from the atmosphere.
To make pavements, tombstones, baths, &c., I use hydraulic lime instead of
quicklime, and for all purposes wherein the mass is subjected to frequent
changes of temperature and the constant action of water I consider the use
of. bydraulic lime or coment preferable to quicklime.
In order to imitate all the different varieties of marble, I propose to employ
as a coloring substance ground iron ore and the oxide of iron, which I heat
in a close retort and then mix with the granulated marble.
. To give extra hardness to the moulded block, I saturate it for a few hours
in soluble glass (silicate of potash), and heat it to a temperature of three
hundred degrees Fahrenheit. This makes it very hard, and renders it capable
of receiving a high polish. It will, however, bo understood that for all
ordinary building purposes this saturating process will be unnecessary, as the
lime, sand, and marble will carbonize with time, and so form a block capable
of lasting for ages.
Having now set forth the nature and object of my Invention, and explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, the moulding of blocks
and other articles in artificial stone with a surface of marble, in the manner
'above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hartas Headley, havo hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Nineteeth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
JAMES HARTAS HEADLEY. (L.S.)