IMPROVEMENIS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF CHANDELIERS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical
Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENIS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF CHANDELIERS."-A communication from abroad by Isaac
Pendleton Frink, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.
Sealed the 18th September 1869, and dated the 7th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th July 1869.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF CHANDELIERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in gas and other chandeliers,
the chief object being to provide reflectors of great power and highly
ornamental in appearance.

page_text: The Invention comprises an arrangement with a large pyramidal
reflector, having any preferred number of plain sides, or sides curved
in the direction of their length, and provided with corrugated and
silvered glass, coated and protected from heat and water; of an inverted
small polygonal conical reflector set concentrically with the larger
reflector, and fitted similarly, but externally, with plain or curved sides
and glass reflectors; these together constitute what is termed a double
cone reflector. The outer cone is supported by chains, and the inner
cone rests in a cup carried by a sleeve tube that surrounds the main or
central tube and rests on a hub secured to that tube.
Also the combination with the double cone reflector of two or more
pendent rings of different diameters, provided with burners, and carried
by the central pendent tube. The ring burners are provided with
flanges or other means for the suspension of prisms or glass ornaments
or reflectors.
Also the combination with the said double cone reflector of one or
more canopies supported above the reflectors by suspending chains.
The said canopies and the pyramidal reflector are provided with orna-
mental mouldings, and with glass prisms or other glass ornaments
pendent therefrom, and the whole are connected by the central tube,
which serves to convey the gas to the ring burners.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her
special licence that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred

page_text: Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHANDELIERS," being
a cominunication to me from abroad by Isaac Pendleton Frink, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America, upon the con-
dition (aniongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent. Newton, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office, within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say) :-
This Invention relates to improvements in gas and other chandeliers,
the chief object being to provide reflectors of great power and highly
ornamental in appearance.
The Invention comprises an arrangement with a large pyramidal
reflector, having any preferred number of plain sides, or sides curved in
the direction of their length, and provided with corrugated and silvered
glass, coated and protected from heat, water, &c.; of an inverted small
polygonal conical reflector set concentrically with the larger reflector,
and fitted similarly, but externally, with plain or curved sides and glass
reflectors; these together constitute what is termed a double cone
reflector.
Also the combination with the same of two or more pendent rings of
different diameters provided with burners, also with flanges or other
means for the suspension of prisms or glass ornaments or reflectors.
Also the combination with the said double cone reflector of one or
more canopies supported above the reflectors by suspending chains.
The said canopies and the pyramidal reflector are provided with orna.

page_text: mental mouldings, and, with glass prisms or other glass ornaments
pendent therefrom, and the whole are connected by a central tube,
which serves also to convey the gas to the ring burners.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents in sectional elevation
a chandelier constructed according to this Invention, the section being
taken in the line y, y, of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 represents a horizontal section
taken in the line x, x, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 represents a view of the rings
divested of the other parts and inverted; and Fig. 4 represents an
enlarged detail view of one of the rings.
A represents the principal reflector, which in general outline resembles
reflectors now in use, and represents in form a section of a pyramid, and
having any number of sides, either plain, or they may be curved in the
direction of their length; they are provided with corrugated and
silvered reflecting glasses. The shell of this reflector.is preferably made
of metal, either sheet or cast, and it is proposed to make the sides in
either sunken or raised frames for strengthening and ornamenting the
same, as shown at B, Figures 1 and 2, and to provide at the top and
bottom ornamental metallic borders or mouldings C. D represents the
inverted reflector placed centrally within the other, with the base in the
same horizontal plane, or nearly so, as the top of the reflector A. The
reflecting glasses are placed externally on this cone; the upper end is
connected by braces a to the top of the part A, and the lower end is
supported in a cup-shaped flange E projecting from the tube F, which
supports the canopy G above the said double cone, and which is
supported on another tube H rising up through it and the said canopy,
and serving to suspend the whole from any suitable pendent rod, or from
a,ceiling, and supporting also above the said canopy G another smaller
canopy I. To the bottom of this tube H, which projects considerably
below the base of the part A, I connect by radial and hollow arms K a
circular ring L having gas burners, and for the attachment of glass
ornaments, and above this and between it and the base of the part A
I place another larger ring N, similarly constructed and arranged. The
glass pendants may be attached to these rings by the flanges M, or by
wire wound spirally around the said rings, and strung through the wire
hooks in the holes of the pendants. Or other smaller wire rings may be
suspended under the large rings, and the pendants secured thereto by
small wires wound around the said suspended wire ring, and secured at
Buitable intervals by notches filed therein, into which the small wires

page_text: bent around will engage. The distances of these rings apart and from
the base of the part A, also the sizes. of the rings, are proportioned
relatively to each other to produce the most ornamental appearances,
also to produce the best reflecting effects. The employment of two
rings of different diameters prevents the casting of a shadow, or rather
the light of the burners of one ring neutralizes the shadow of the other.
It is proposed to use two or more rings, as found best. The rings, the
base of the part A, and the canopies are all provided with glass
ornaments, which may be similar in shape and design, or they may be
varied to suit the taste of the purchaser. Suitable cocks are provided
in the pipe II to admit the gas to all the burners, or to shut it off from
either ring. O represents chains connecting the reflector A and the
canopies at the bases to assist in suspending and maintaining them in
the proper and relative positions. The exterior tube F is supported
vertically upon the hub P of the ring N, and the tube H is made in two
parts and screwed into the said hub top and bottom, and the arms of the
ring are screwed therein laterally. The silvered surface of the glass
reflectors may be coated with shellac, varnish, oil of lavender, coach or
outside varnish, or any brown varnish, or quick drying oils forming a
kind of cement, to protect the said silver from heat or dampness, or
from other liability to be injured.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements
in the Construction of Chandeliers," as communicated to me from
abroad, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent I claim,-
First. The construction of double cone reflectors, consisting of the
parts A, D, when lined with silver-plated glass, either flat or curved,
substantially as specified.
Second. A double cone reflector in combination with silver-plated
glass, either flat or curved, when coated with heat and waterproof
cement or varnish, or its equivalent, substantially as specified.
Third. The combination of two or more burner rings L, N, placed one
above the other, with the tube H and reflectors, substantially as specified.
Fourth. The double cone reflectors in combination with two or more
burner rings arranged one above the other, as shewn and described, and
provided with glass pendants or ornaments, substantially as specified.

page_text: Fifth. The combination of the tubes F, H, canopy G, hub P, and
ring N, substantially as specified.
Sixth. The shell of the reflector A, provided with either raised or
sunken panels in the sides, substantially as specified.
Seventh. The combination of the canopies G, I, either or both provided
with borders and pendent ornaments, with the tube H and double cone
reflectors, substantially as specified.
Eighth. The combination and arrangement of the tube H, rings L, N,
provided with burners, double cone reflector chains O, canopies G, I,
when provided with pendants and raised borders, substantially as
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Seventh day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.