matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Lupton, Septimus
Whittaker, John Whittaker, and Elijah Hartley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th February
1864.
We, BENJAMIN LUPTON, SEPTIMUS WHITTAKER, JOHN WHITTAKER, and
ELIJAH HARTLEY, all of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed to cause the piston and piston rod to partake of
a movement truly parallel to the axis of the length of the cylinder without
the use of the "radius motion" or "guides" hitherto used for the purpose.
We would remark that we are aware that this object has been attained
without the use of the aforesaid guides, but in effecting the object a "trunk"
was employed in connection with the pump, and the engine was thereby con-
verted into what is termed a " trunk engine."
Our improvements consist in the employment and use of a pump or an.
auxiliary cylinder in connection with the steam cylinder, and in such a position.
that the piston (in the pump and cylinder) may be connected together by a
piston rod, the connecting rod being coupled to the said piston rod at a point
between the pump and the steam cylinder, the arms of the connecting rod
passing at each side of the pump or auxiliary cylinder, by which arrangement
a parallel movement of the two pistons is insured, and the "trunk " hitherto
employed is dispensed with. It is to be observed that in condensing engines

page_text: the air pump may be applied as above stated, in which instance the pump
"and the steam piston working in their respective cylinders, together
with the stuffing boxes, effect the parallel motion; secondly, that this arrange-
ment is applicable to engines in a horizontal, vertical, inclined, or other
position, and to single or double-acting engines; but in double-acting engines
the arms of the connecting rod may be coupled to the piston rod "cross head"
between the steam eylinders, which effects the same object.
A second part of the Invention consists in balancing or counterpoising the
weight of the connecting rod, piston, cross head, and pump ram by the use
of a disc or face plate instead of a crank, which disc is to be heavier on one
side its centre than the other to counterpoise the weight of the aforesaid parts
when acting in a downward direction.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAFTS AND GIRDERS, AND IN UNITING LARGE MASSES OF IRON FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Sanderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July
1864.
I, CHARLES SANDERSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAFTS AND GIRDERS, AND IN UNITING LARGE
MASSES OF IRON FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of shafts and girders, or
other large masses of iron, consists in making these articles of wrought iron
and steel combined in a peculiar manner.
In carrying out my Invention I take two or more plates or bars of wrought
iron and heat them in a reheating furnace to a welding heat, and having
placed them in a mould with a narrow space between them, I pour into this
space molten steel, which will adhere with tenacity to the heated surface of
the iron. I then roll or hammer down the combined mass, and having taken
two rolled bars of the combined metal, and heated them as before, I place
them in a mould and pour in more cast steel, and the compound bar is again
rolled down and formed into the required shape, either by rolling, hammering,
or otherwise. This process may be repeated so as to obtain larger slabs or
masses of wrought iron so compounded, viz., by being soldered together by
molten steel. Or the iron plates or other masses of iron to be soldered
together are placed on a suitable bottom or mould, and held together by a
frame in the furnace, and the steel poured in between the said masses of iron

page_text: without removing them from the furnace. By this means I obtain a shaft or
girder or other mass of iron of greatly increased strength, and such girders
may be used either in the construction of roofs or other parts of buildings, for
constructing bridges, or for other purposes for which they may be applicable.
The essence of my Invention therefore consists in the building up of large
masses of iron to be used for various purposes by soldering the pieces together
with molten steel instead of by welding, as heretofore practised.
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUTTONS AND THE FASTENINGS THEREOF
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clémence de Wailly at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1864.
I, CLÉMENCE DE WAILLY, living at No. 56, South Molton Street, Bond
Street, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUTTONS AND THE FASTENINGS THEREOF,"
to be as follows, viz :-
The shank, whether it be made of silk, thread, metal, or any other material,
instead of being sown to the garment is fastened by means of a metallic wire
or thread passing through a hole in the same to a flat piece of gutta percha,
leather, bone, metal, or any other substance placed underneath between the
stuff and lining, or otherwise, thereby preserving all necessary play for
buttoning and unbuttoning without liability of being unsown or torn off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOAT- ING FIRE ENGINES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Coghlan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May 1864.
I, MICHAEL COGHLAN, of Gurney Road, Stratford, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention..for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOAT-
ING FIRE ENGINES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in floating fire engines, and
in apparatus for extinguishing fire. For this purpose I employ a vessel or
float, supplied with engines of considerable power, and pumps for throwing
water, and also for propelling the vessel or float. In the centre of the vessel
or float I arrange a tower; it is made telescopic, so that it will not interfere
with the vessel or float passing under bridges, and it is raised when it is
required for use by causing the pumps to force water into the interior of a
telescopic ram within the telescopic tower. At the top of the tower is an over-
hanging bracket or gallery which can be turned in any direction. The hose
are taken up to the top of the tower and along the overhanging gallery, and
the men stationed there direct them as required: The tower is stayed on each
side by rope ladders, and the vessel or float when at work is moored by means
of pointed iron bars or piles driven into the bottom by suitable, apparatus
through rings in the side of the vessel or float. If possible the engine is
floated close up to the fire, so that water may be poured directly down from
the gallery on to the roof of the burning building; if the engine cannot get
sufficiently close for this purpose, the hose are led from the top of the tower
in the direction required, or the water is thrown by jets from the top of the

page_text: tower. By these means the water is as far as possible pumped by the engines
at once to the highest level at which it is required, and it then only remains
to distribute it for use. This is more economical in power than forcing it
directly to an elevation a considerable distance from the engines. The vessel
is also provided with expanding and collapsing ladders or fire escapes, to assist
in the conveyance of hose and in saving life and property. Apparatus for
extinguishing fire on land may be similarly arranged, the telescopic tower and
ram being mounted together with the engine on a carriage. Ships also may
be fitted with similar apparatus to be used in case of fire on board, the tower
then being raised and water poured down from it on the burning masts and
sails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Edwin Billups at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
July 1864.
I, JONATHAN EDWIN BILLUPS, of 12, North Street, Westminster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT
WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows, and consists in making railway sleepers
of wrought iron, as shewn on the accompanying Drawing, and upon reference
to the same it will be seen the sleeper is only semi-elliptical at the ends, and
connected together by means of a bar of iron.
The sleeper may be made in one or three pieces. If made in one piece
the iron will be rolled to the shape shewn in Fig. 1, and afterwards rolled or
bent to the shape shewn in Fig. 2, but if made in three pieces the bar con-
necting the semi-elliptical portions may be either welded, rivetted, or bolted to
them before or after the ends have been rolled or bent to the semi-elliptical
form. Instead of the ends being semi-elliptical they may be semicircular, or
of other suitable form. Chairs or half chairs of wrought or cast iron may be
welded, rivetted, or bolted to the before-mentioned ends of the sleepers, and
to these chairs the rails are attached by bolts, rivets, or keys. If flat-bottomed
rails be used they may be connected to the said ends of the sleepers by bolts
or rivets.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS, STUDS, AND OTHER FASTENINGS FOR OR APPENDAGES TO WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Solomon Maurice at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1864.-A communication from abroad by Simon Hayem, ainé,
of 38, Rue du Sentier, Paris, France.
I, SAMUEL SOLOMON MAURICE, of Watling Street, in the City of London,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS, STUDS, AND OTHER
FASTENINGS FOR OR APPENDAGES TO WEARING APPAREL," Communicated to me
from abroad by Simon Hayem, ainé, of 38, Rue du Sentier, Paris, France, to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the manufacture of buttons, studs, buckle
slides, and other dress fastenings or appendages, so that they shall imitate in
appearance linen or other textile fabric, but have the advantages of cheapness,
durability, and cleanliness. For this purpose I stamp or otherwise form the
button, stud, or other article of metal of the required shape, and I cover it or
the required portion of it, either before or after shaping it, with a coating or a
facing or an enamel of white or other colour, so as to imitate the appearance
of linen or other textile fabric. The button or other article so manufactured
will be strong, durable, and of effective appearance. It may be finished off in
any ordinary or desirable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAVE MONUMENTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Niven at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th August
1864.
I, JAMES NIVEN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Landscape Gardener, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAVE MONUMENTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for object the producing of grave monuments of an
ornamental and durable character in an economical manner; and the Inven-
tion consists in making such monuments wholly or principally of fire-clay
moulded into any suitable ornamental form. The inscription is provided for
by forming at any desired part a shallow recess to receive a panel or tablet of
stone, marble, or other durable material upon which the inscription can be
conveniently cut or formed; or a glass plate may be fixed in the recess, such
glass plate having the inscription applied, by preference to its inner surface, by
gilding or otherwise; or again, the inscription may be cut or formed on the
fire-clay itself, or be composed of letters separately attached thereto. The
fire-clay may be left bare, or it may receive a preservative coating of paint or
composition.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas John Searle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1864.
I, THOMAS JOHN SEARLE, of No. 4, Darnley Road, Hackney, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING BOOTS AND SHOES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for cleaning
and polishing boots and shoes. For these purposes three circular brushes are
mounted on their axes or spindles; these brushes have the bristles or other
suitable material set on the face and as near as may be at right angles thereto.
The axis or spindle of each rotatory brush has a pulley thereon to receive an
endless band, which is put in motion by a wheel on a cranked axis, which is
actuated by a treadle similar to that of a lathe. The first brush is formed
with strong bristles or other suitable materials proper for brushing off the
dirt; the second brush is formed with soft bristles or materials suitable for
applying blacking, and is arranged to be driven at a comparatively slow speed
as compared with the other two brushes; the third brush is formed with
suitable bristles or materials, and set in a proper manner to form a polishing
brush, and this brush is to be driven at a comparatively high surface speed.
By the use of rotating circular surface brushes there is an advantage gained,
as by commencing to act on a boot or shoe at one side of the central axis of
the brush, and then moving the boot or shoe across the axis, the boot or shoe

page_text: will be acted on by the brush first in one direction and then in an opposite
direction. When desired a machine may be made with one spindle, and the
brushes arranged to be readily changed, and the speed of rotation varied. Or
a machine may be made with two spindles.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elias Robison Handcock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th May 1864.
I, ELIAS ROBISON HANDCOCK, of 23, Norfolk Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to that description of engine denominated a rotary
engine, the peculiarity of which is that the outer rim is of a hollow annular
form, into which steam is admitted from the boiler through a steam stop,
which also serves as a fulcrum for the steam to abut against. In this hollow
annulár cylinder pistons are inserted, against which the steam acts, and as this
annular cylinder is attached to the shaft or axle much in the same manner
as an ordinary fly wheel, a rotary motion is imparted to the machinery.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE BEDSTEAD
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Henry Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th December 1864.
I, ARTHUR HENRY ROBINSON, of No. 2, De Grey Terrace, in the County of
Dublin, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED PORTABLE BEDSTEAD," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of the
several parts of a portable bedstead whereby great stability is obtained when
erected, whilst the whole of the parts when packed together occupy & very
small compass. This improved bedstead consists of two metal tubes forming
the sides of the frame, into which are packed all the other tubes that form
the bedstead except the head and foot rails, which being flat bars lie close to
the two tubes when packed. When set up, two lengthening bars or tubes are
drawn out from the interior of the first-mentioned tubes, through which they
work in and out in two moveable or sliding rings held on by end collars.
Thumbscrews are employed for securing the lengthening tubes in their proper
position when extended. The outer ends of the lengthening tubes fit into
sockets or holes in the leg tubes and are held therein by a cross pin passing
transversely through both tubes. These pins are attached to the lower bed
rail by a small chain and eye. The uprights forming continuations of the leg
tubes pass through the ends of the lower rail, and when packed they fit into
a space in the leg rails so as to form a perfect tube. The canvas or sacking
for holding the bedding is secured by buttons to the first-mentioned tubes,
which form the sides of the frame, these tubes being capable of being turned

page_text: so as to roll up the canvas and so reduce the bed to any desired width. A bar
should be secured over the buttons so as to prevent any movement of the
canvas when rolling it up. The foot and head rails, over which the canvas is
laced, consist each of a hollow metal bar to receive two extension bars which
are bored to receive the head of each leg tube. Racks are cut in these
extension bars into which spring detents enter and so keep the bars in their
extended position. The head and foot top rails consist each of a tube into
which are fitted extension bars, which latter are cut half through. at their
outer ends so as to receive the tops of the uprights before referred to. If
desired the head and foot top and lower cross bars may be used of any given
width without being capable of extension.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING HEAT FOR GENERATING STEAM IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Wheatley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1864.
I, ARTHUR WHEATLEY, of 14, Upper Montague Street, Montague Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Major-General, Retired List, Bengal Army,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING HEAT FOR GENERATING STEAM IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
The improvements relate to the use of lime combined with coal, coke, or
other carbonaceous substance as fuel, aided by a draught of air in the
furnaces of steam boilers. When the lime has become thoroughly ignited,
the further supply may be by the lime alone, or heated lime may be
supplied direct from a kiln to the furnace, by which economy of fuel is
obtained, the lime burning without waste, and being a saleable article after
the use referred to.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING DRIED FRUITS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Parker, Thomas James
Parker, and John Parker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th April 1864.
We, JOSEPH PARKER, THOMAS JAMES PARKER, and JOHN PARKER, ai! of
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Grocers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS
FOR CLEANING DRIED FRUITS," to be as follows:-
Our improved apparatus is designed for the purpose of disencumbering dried
fruits from all impurities or extraneous matter, also thoroughly cleansing and
preparing the same fit for human food. The peculiar construction of mecha-
nism we employ may be thus described:-The currants or other dried fruit to be
cleaned are placed in a conical hopper fixed on the top of a flat disc, the under
surface of such disc forming a circular flat brush. Immediately beneath this
dise, and of the same diameter, is placed a stationary grid supplied with a
receiver for the dirt or refuse thrown from the fruit, so that when the machine
is in action, the fruit being delivered on to the centre of the grid through a
hole or passage formed in the disc, is submitted to the rapidly revolving action
of the brush on such disc, causing the currants or other dried fruit to be
thrown centrifugally from the centre to the edge of the grid, when they fall
into a drawer or receptacle thoroughly cleansed from all impurities, and ready
for use.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN COLLARS FOR THE NECK
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Solomon Maurice at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th November 1864.-A communication from abroad by Simon
Hayem, ainé, of 38, Rue du Sentier, Paris, France.
I, SAMUEL SOLOMON MAURICE, of Watling Street, in the City of London,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN COLLARS FOR THE NECK," communicated to me from
abroad by Simon Hayem, ainé, of 38, Rue du Sentier, Paris, France, to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to keep neckties, cravats, or neckerchiefs
properly adjusted on the neck, and the bow or other finish in proper order.
For this purpose I form two corresponding slots, slits, openings, or holes pre-
ferably in an oblique direction in the band of the collar or part encircling the
neck at or towards the front, one being at each side of the centre of the front
of the band and equidistant therefrom, and of sufficient size to allow of the
ends of the tie, cravat, or neckerchief being brought through. The tie
having been carried round or partly round the neck has its ends led through
the slots or holes which keep it in position and retain the bow (if any) in
order. Or the main portion of the tie may be cut away, and two ends or short
pieces used, one being attached at each side or at each slot in front, carried
through it, and tied or otherwise arranged in front.
A COMBINED COLLAR AND NECK-TIE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Siegmund Simon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1864.
I, EDWARD SIEGMUND SIMON, of Bury Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "A COMBINED COLLAR AND
NECK-TIE," to be as follows, and consists in combining the collar and scarf or
neck-tie together in such manner that they are all put on (or taken off) at one
operation, and secured in their desired position without further fastening. To
accomplish my object, I insert in the folds of the collar, or in a suitable
receptacle made for the purpose in the collar, a band or ring of steel or other
suitable elastic or springy material capable of extension and contraction. To
one end of this elastic band or ring is attached the ornamental scarf or tie
forming the front part, the other end of the elastic band or ring being passed
through or around the collar, as above described. The elastic ring or band
being distended sufficiently to be passed around the neck, and then allowed
to contract to its normal state, retains the whole around the neck, giving
and retaining to the collar its proper shape and position without further
fastening.
AN IMPROVED HOLDFAST OR APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING OR HOLDING UP SACKS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Spencer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1864.
I, JOHN SPENCER, of Doncaster, in the County of York, Agricultural
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED HOLDFAST OR APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING OR HOLDING UP SACKS
AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "An Improved Holdfast or Apparatus for Suspending or
Holding up Sacks and other Articles "consists of a spring clasp to be employed
in place of hooks for holding up sacks while being filled. The apparatus
consists of two jaws which are forced together by means of a strong spring
acting on the moveable jaw which is mounted on a pin or hinge joint, and its
face is provided with projecting pins which take into corresponding sockets or
holes in the face of the other or fixed jaw, and therefore when the edge of a
sack is placed between the jaws, it will be securely held there by the pressure
of the spring on the upper or moveable jaw. This apparatus or holdfast may
be fixed by screws or otherwise to any suitable frame, or it may be provided
with a hook or an eye, whereby it may be suspended from a rod or pin
conveniently placed for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MODERATOR LAMPS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1864. A communication from abroad by Louis Champion, Lamp Manu-
facturer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MODERATOR LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in moderator lamps, for the
purpose of rendering them suitable for burning all kinds of vegetable, animal,
or mineral oils.
These improvements consist, 1st, in providing the burner of the lamp with
an escape channel, for the purpose of preventing the oil from rising to the
level of the burner when employing mineral or inflammable oils.
2ndly, in enlarging the stem placed in the ascending tube at one portion
of its length, and furnishing it with spiral grooves for the purpose of
diverting the upward flow of the oil, and regulating its supply to the
burner.
3rdly, in the application of a funnel for the introduction of the oil which
is closed by means of a small cork to prevent evaporation of the petroleum oil
or other carburet.
4thly, in providing an aperture closed with a plug at the bottom of the
lamp to permit of the oil below the piston being emptied when desired.
These improvements are represented in the Drawings annexed.

page_text: Fig. 1 shows an elevation of an improved lamp, and Fig. 2 detail of same.
The letters apply to both Figures.
a, body of the lamp, of any suitable form, constructed and arranged as an
ordinary moderator lamp; b, burner; c, overflow pipe, through which the oil
passes back into the body of the lamp before having reached the burner;
d, funnel for introducing the oil, closed by a small cork or plug.; e, orifice in
the bottom of the lamp, closed by means of a plug, and at which the oil may
be withdrawn when desired; f, Fig. 2 rod placed in the ascending tube having
an enlargement at g, in which is made a spiral channel h, along which the oil
is caused to traverse in order to reach the burner, and so to regulate its
upward flow.
The following is a description of this improved lamp. When burning the
oil usually employed the lamp acts as an ordinary moderator, it being simply
necessary to close the lower end of the overflow c, in order that the oil may rise
as usual to the top of the burner. When using inflammable or mineral oils,
the overflow pipe c is opened so as to prevent the oil from reaching the top
of the burner, and becoming ignited, it being burnt at the end of the wick.
The funnel d is also tightly closed to prevent the evaporation of the oil.
With the exception of the foregoing improvements the lamp is constructed in
a precisely similar manner to ordinary moderators.
The Invention thus consists in improvements in moderator lamps, so as
to enable them to burn all kinds of vegetable, animal, and mineral oils.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NUT AND LOBSTER CRACKERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Sweet Paterson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1864.
I, ALFRED SWEET PATERSON, of Vittoria Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Electro Plate Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NUT AND LOBSTER
CRACKERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in nut and lobster crackers consist in the application. of
scales or thicknesses of ivory, tortoiseshell, pearl, wood, glass, or other
material to the handles of nut and lobster crackers. In carrying this. into
effect I form the metal handles of the nut or lobster crackers flat, and fit
thereto a scale or thickness of material on each side of each handle ;: these
scales I rivet or otherwise fix to the handles somewhat in the manner of
fastening ivory or buckhorn scales or plates in forming the handles of pocket
knives, but in this case the same rivets pass through the handle and secure
both scales.
The scale or thickness of material may be engraved or otherwise orna-
mented, and their exterior of more or less ornamental contour, and with
which the outline of the metal handles may or may not coincide. Instead of
riveting the scales or thicknesses of material to the handles they may be
otherwise secured.

page_text: According to this Invention all the strength of the handles is retained,
while surfaces better adapted for applying the pressure of the hand are pre-
sented. If desired only one side of the handles may be scaled or plated as
described.
AN IMPROVED PASSENGER SAFETY SIGNAL FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Pepper and Allan Barr
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 10th August 1864.
We, ROBERT PEPPER and ALLAN BARR, of Cranworth Road, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Clerks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PASSENGER SAFETY SIGNAL FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of signalling in railway
carriages, whereby passengers may attract the notice of the guard in cases of
distress or danger.
We propose to apply and fix such signals to the end of the carriages as
follows: In two vertical parallel guides or bars, forming a frame and having
slotways cut therein and a cross bar fixed thereto, we place two sliding rods,
held in position by passing through the cross bar and by a second moveable
cross bar travelling in the slotted frame, beyond which bar the rods are con-
tinued and support two lamps, the tops of which only reach the level of the
roof of the carriage. The lower extremities of these rods are joined each to
a connecting rod passing obliquely upwards and outwards to actuate bell-crank
levers at the sides of the carriages; and to the further or top end of these
levers bells are fixed by spiral springs and fastenings. Between the two
parallel rods a central rod is applied, the upper end of which is formed with a
striker or head for the purpose of discharging a percussion cap and the charge
of gunpowder of a small cannon or other species of fire-arm fixed between the
lamps. All three of these rods are enclosed with helical springs between the

page_text: fixed and sliding cross bars, and when the alarm or signal is set these bars
are drawn down against the action of the springs and screwed by a pin or pins
or other fastening in communication with a handle in the interior of the
carriage, whereby it will be obvious that in the event of alarm being required
to be given to the guard the handle may be pulled forwards, thus disengaging
the rods and causing them to suddenly ascend, thus discharging the gun, ringing
the bells, and at night time exposing the lamps above the roof of the carriage.
The apparatus is secured to the end of the carriages by proper attachments
and slides, and by pins for the working of the bell-crank levers.
CER- TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING UNINFLAMMABLE COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Hottin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1864.
I, EDOUARD HOTTIN, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire
of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CER-
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING UNINFLAMMABLE COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER
TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention consists in a chemical composition, which I call "hottine,"
for rendering non-inflammable white and colored woven fabrics, "riz.," calico,.
linen, silk, and other textile substances.
I prepare the "hottine" in the following manner :-I make a solution of
phosphate of lime, into which I pour by parts an excess of ammonia to pre-
cipitate. The phosphoric acid combines with the ammonia. I filter this liquor
to separate it from the phosphate of lime, and the liquor is bleached by means
of animal charcoal. I cause it to evaporate for one hour to concentrate the
solution, and then add to it about five per cent. of silicic acid or silex in a.
gelatinous state. I put the whole to boil till the solution has evaporated to a
suitable consistence to form a crystallized mass, which I cause to dry, and
afterwards reduce to a powder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1864.-A communication from abroad by Etienne Veyrier
and Paul Garde, of the Firm of Veyrier, Garde, and Co., of Lyons, in
the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," a communication
to me from abroad by Etienne Veyrier and Paul Garde, of the Firm of
Veyrier, Garde, and Co., of Lyons, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates more especially to looms for weaving taffetas and
similar fabrics, which looms are intended to be worked by manual labour or
motive power.
At the lower part of the end frames of the loom there is a main driving
shaft, having in the centre tappets for giving motion to treddles which move
up and down for working the healds. For giving motion to the picking
levers there are two toothed segments gearing into pinions fixed to the
bottom of the levers, the segments and levers having motion imparted to them
one way at the exact time required by means of picking cams on the main
shaft placed between the before-mentioned tappets and the end. frames of
the loom, and the other way by springs connected to the picking levers.
the outside of one of the end frames there is a cam or tappet acting in con-.
nection with a cord passing over a guide pulley for removing the slay or
Ať

page_text: batten from the beat up of the fabric at the exact time required. The main
shaft commands all the movements, and when turning acts first upon the
lever of the slay or batten, and during this operation the centre tappets act
upon the treddles for making the shed, and one of the picking cams moves its
corresponding toothed segment, which turns by means of the pinion the
picking lever to its backward position, and at the same time stretches its
spring; then the second picking cam is released from the end of its
corresponding-toothed-segment,_and_the_spring which was stretched being
left to itself rapidly turns the segment, the pinion, and picking lever, and
throws the shuttle across; the first cam now ceases from keeping back the
slay or batten which now beats up the pick of weft during the time the shed
is closed. The shed is now opened, and the first-mentioned picking lever
throws the shuttle across in the opposite direction, and so the operations
continue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Karr Callard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1864.
I, THOMAS KARR CALLARD, of Blenheim Terrace, St. John's Wood, in the
County of Middlesex, Confectioner, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in ventilators relate to that class of ventilators which are
placed in windows, either temporarily or permanently, but for the most part
it applies to such as are placed temporarily. The latter are inade in the form
of a kind of tube of perforated zinc, or other reticulated material, such tube
being of an oblong form in cross section, the breadth being such as to be
received between the beads of a window, while the depth (the length of the
oblong) is according to the area of the ventilator required. When the ven-
tilator is applied temporarily, the window sash is lifted and the ventilator
placed below the sash between the bands, and extends across the window,
occupying the space opened by lifting the sash. It may be similarly applied
at the top of a window, the sash in that case being, of course, lowered to
admit of placing the ventilator.
In these ventilators I dispose a diaphragm, or it may be two or more
diaphragms or partitions of perforated, zinc or other reticulated material, in
order to ensure that there shall be no openings directly through the ventilator,
which otherwise is liable to admit a direct current or draught to the room.
In this way the air admitted by the ventilator must pass through three or

page_text: more perforated surfaces before entering the room, and the perforations at
one part or surface being disposed opposite the solid parts of the other cause
the air to be admitted uniformly throughout the area of the ventilator in a
mild and undulating direction, instead of in a direct line as would otherwise
be the case. In order that the length of the ventilator may be adapted to
various breadths of windows, I make the ends with pieces of tube slid on,
so that it may be elongated as may be required for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SURFACE CONDENSERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jordan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1864..
I, JOHN JORDAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SURFACE CONDENSERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
surface condensers. Surface condensers as ordinarily made contain a large
number of tubes which have to be fixed at each end into tube plates, each
joint requiring to be air-tight, and yet capable of being readily made, and
broken, so that when a tube proves faulty, as not unfrequently happens, it may
be readily changed for a sound tube. At present a common way of making
these joints is by employing rings or cylinders of soft wood, the external
diameter of which corresponds with the hole in the tube plate, and the
internal diameter with the outside of the condenser tube. These wooden
rings or cylinders being driven into the annular spaces between the tube
plates, and the extremities of the tubes make for the most part tight joints.
Wooden rings or cylinders are however inconvenient in use, as at times they
are liable to dry and shrink or crack, and then the joint becomes defective.
Now according to my Invention I employ in a similar manner rings or
short cylinders of india-rubber rendered more or less hard by sulphur and
heat. I prefer a semi-hard material somewhat like vulcanite or ebonite, but

page_text: made less brittle by the regulation of the heat in the curing process. Or I
employ for the same purpose rings or short cylinders made up of canvas or
other stout fabric, and india-rubber cement. By these means I obtain the
same advantages as those which result from the use of wooden rings or
cylinders, without the liability to shrinking and cracking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REAPING CORN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Backhouse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1864.
I, JAMES BACKHOUSE, of Cobble Hall, Roundhay, near Leeds, in the
County of York, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REAPING CORN," to be as follows:-
In constructing my improved reaping machine I leave a sufficient space
between the corn table and the driving wheel to deliver the swathe, and I
place the knife bar in front of the driving wheel, and drive the knife also in
front of the driving wheel; thus leaving the entire machine full liberty to
play over the axle of the driving wheels. I also place two leading wheels
before the knife (one on each side of it) to prevent it from running into the
ground.
In working this machine the horses walk in front thereof along the side of
the standing corn, the driver being seated on the machine, and having under
his control a lever, by means of which he can turn the swathe to any suitable
angle at his own discretion, the swathe being laid (as above stated) betwixt
the driving wheel and the corn table, which are placed directly opposite to
each other.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Stuttard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1864.
I, DAVID STUTTARD, of Nelson, near Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My improvements are designed for the purpose of relieving the warp or
yarn of any tension only when the slay is beating up, effecting thereby a more
even, regular, and superior woven fabric, causing at the same time a great
saving in the wear of the healds, my improvements being as follows:---Con-
nected to and running parallel with the ordinary guide bar of the loom is
a bar or rod, from one end of which projects a lever in connection with the
slay of the loom. The yarn on its passage to the bealds is left slack or
without tension until the slay is finally beating up the weft, at which time the
afore-mentioned bar or rod in connection with the slay is caused to exert a
pressure against the yarn, giving it sufficient tension to produce a perfect
cover upon the manufactured cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR CARRYING PIPES AND TOBACCO
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palmer, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th November
1864.
I, WILLIAM PALMER, junior, of Southweald, in the County of Essex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES
FOR CARRYING PIPES AND TOBACCO," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cases for carrying pipes
and tobacco. I construct a case by preference of sheet tin or other suitable
metal, and oval, or it may be oblong, with the corners rounded, and the top
and bottom of the case I make similar the one to the other, each being dished
or concave so as to present no sharp edge or corner.
or corner. This form is adopted
because a case so shaped is convenient for carrying in the pocket. All round
the bottom part of the case there is a raised edge or ridge, and it is divided
up by partitions into separate compartments by preference three. The pipe
occupies the centre compartment, the tobacco is arranged in a compartment
on one side of its stem, and the matches or lights, with their rubber, in one
on the other side thereof. The upper part of the case, which is hinged to one
side of the bottom part shuts down on to it, and is secured by a spring or
other suitable catch or fastening. It is lined, with vulcanized india-rubber or
other elastic and impermeable material, and this lining when the case is shut
presses on the rim formed all around the lower part of the case, and also on to
the upper edge of the partitions by which it is divided into compartments, so
that each compartment becomes hermetically closed and separated from the

page_text: other compartments. By this arrangement the objectionable smell of the
matches or lights is cut off from the tobacco, which otherwise would rapidly
absorb it, and become greatly deteriorated. The odour of the tobacco is also
prevented escaping from the case, and the tobacco is kept moist. The case
may be covered externally with leather or other ornamental material.
A similar case may also be made to hold cigars and matches or lights for
The form of the case need not be materially varied, but the com-
partments within are arranged somewhat differently to be suitable to receive
the cigars, and as before when the case is shut, the elastic living of the lid
pressing on the upper edges of the partitions closes each compartment
hermetically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING VEGETABLE FIBRES, IN CONVERTING THEM INTO PULP, IN BLEACHING THE SAME, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bonnet Frederic Brunel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1864.
I, BONNET FREDERIC BRUNEL, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING VEGETABLE FIBRES, IN CONVERTING THEM INTO PULP, IN BLEACHING
THE SAME, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in first treating flax, jute, and other vegetable fibres
to a solution of carbonate of soda, then to chlorine gas, afterwards to a
caustic alkaline solution, then to a solution of hypochlorite of lime, and lastly,
to a solution of alkaline oxalate in apparatus constructed as hereafter
described. When the fibres are removed from the carbonate of soda solution
they are removed to a chamber containing horizontal and vertical gratings,
and provided with inlet and outlet passages; after being spread in this
chamber currents of steam and chlorine gas are introduced.
After exposure
to this gas and steam the fibres are removed and placed in a washing and
breaking apparatus consisting of a trough; there is a division along part of
the length of the trough, and on one side of this division a cylinder, armed
with steel or other metal blades, and mounted upon a shaft, is fitted; under
this cylinder and at a short distance from it I place steel teeth. The trough
is charged with a solution of caustic alkali, which I maintain at boiling point
by introducing steam into or otherwise heating the contents of the trough.
On the cylinder being made to rotate the materials in the trough are caused

page_text: to circulate and to pass between the cylinder and the steel teeth.
certain time the caustic alkaline solution is run off and fresh water is
admitted to cleanse the fibres. They are then removed to be finished and
bleached in my last apparatus, which consists of a vessel, by preference
spherical or cylindrical, free to revolve on hollow axes, through which steam is
admitted. The vessel is provided with charging and discharging apertures,
and is furnished on the inner surface with pins or studs, which act as agitators.
Gear is connected to the axis to impart rotary motion to the vessel. In
addition to the fibres the vessel is charged with a solution of hypochlorite of
lime and of alkaline oxalate, and the materials are kept at from about 85°
to 105° Fahrenheit. The liquid is drained off from the pulp, which will be
then ready for the manufacture of paper, and for other uses to which it may
be destined. The proportion in which the hypochlorite of lime is used is as
follows: To every 2 lbs. of fibre use 2 quarts of solution of bypochlorite,
marking 6° degrees Baumé. The strength of the other solutions before
named varies with the nature and state of the fibres.