IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POMFRET OR LIQUORICE CAKES, ROLLS, AND PIPES, AND OF LOZENGES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF CON- FECTIONERY, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wood and James William Wood, of
Monkhill, near Pontefract, in the County of York, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POMFRET OR LIQUORICE CAKES,
ROLLS, AND PIPES, AND OF LOZENGES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF CON-
FECTIONERY, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH
ARTICLES."
Sealed the 12th June 1866, and dated the 16th February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wood and James.
William Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th February 1866.
We, WILLIAM WOOD and JAMES WILLIAM WOOD, of Monkhill, near
Pontefract, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POMFRET OR
LIQUORICE CAKES, ROLLS, AND PIPES, AND OF LOZENGES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES.
OF CONFECTIONERY, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH.
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in the manufacture of pomfret or liquorice cakes,
rolls, and pipes, and of lozenges and other similar articles of confectionery,
consist in forming them by means of repeated or accumulated films, layers,.
or laminae of liquid or pasty material on prepared surfaces, dies, and cores
of metal, or other suitable material. We lay a film or thin layer of liquid

page_text: or pasty liquorice mixture or other material on to a prepared surface, the
film is then dried sufficiently-by suitable means and another film laid on it,
which is in turn dried, and so on, repeating or continuing the operation
until a sheet of the desired thickness is obtained, which on its removal
from the prepared surface can be made into rolls or pipes, or it can be
passed through figuring and cutting machines or otherwise be made into
pomfret or liquorice cakes, rolls, and pipes, and lozenges, and similar
articles of confectionery. We form pomfret cakes and lozenges and other
similar articles directly from the liquid or pasty liquorice mixture or other
material by laying the films or thin layers thereof on to prepared plain or
figured surfaces or dies of the desired form, pattern, and size, drying the
film sufficiently, then laying on another, drying again, and repeating or con-
tinuing the operation until the desired thickness is obtained, when the cakes
or lozenges are removed from the dies or surfaces. We also form such
sheets, rolls, pipes, cakes, and lozenges by dipping suitable prepared sheets,
plates, dies, cores, or rods of metal or other suitable material, or of liquorice,
or other confectionery material, or combination of materials, into liquid or
semi-fluid liquorice or other mixture so as to form a film or layer thereon,
which is then dried, and the operations repeated until the desired thick-
ness or size is obtained; the sheets, rolls, or pipes may then be formed into.
cakes or lozenges. We also form sheets, pomfret cakes, rolls, and pipes,
and lozenges, and other similar articles by alternately laying on to pre-
pared surfaces a film or thin layer of liquid or semi-fluid material, and then
dusting or placing thereon powdered white or colored sugar or other
material, then drying and repeating the operations alternately until the
desired thickness is obtained.
Our improvements consist also in the use of roasted or baked grain,
flour, or farinaceous matters in the manufacture of pomfret or liquorice
cakes, rolls, or pipes, and other similar articles, in lieu of preparing the
flour or farinaceous matters by boiling.
Our improvements in apparatus to be used in the manufacture of pomfret
or liquorice cakes, rolls, and pipes, and of lozenges and other similar
articles. of confectionery, consist, firstly, in the use of a cylinder or endless
sheet of copper, or other suitable material, which being slowly rotated in
an enclosed space and in contact with feed rollers or a short endless sheet
revolving in a trough or cistern, a thin film or layer of the liquid or pasty
material is continuously spread on its surface, which film or layer is con-
tinuously dried by a current of air heated or otherwise passed over its
sui face and through the enclosed space in which it is moved. These

page_text: operations are continued until the desired thickness is obtained, when the
sheet of material thus produced is removed from the cylinder or endless.
sheet on which it had been formed, and may then be made into pomfret or
liquorice cakes, rolls, pipes, and into lozenges and other articles.
Our improvements in apparatus for forming pomfret cakes, lozenges, and
other articles directly from the liquid or pasty materials consist in the use
of plain or figured dies, of the size, pattern, and form required, attached
to a cylinder or endless sheet or other carrying apparatus, which being
slowly rotated in an enclosed space a thin film of the material is continu-
ously laid on the dies, preferably by an endless sheet of suitable fabric
revolving in contact with them and with a supply roller in a trough on.
cistern, the quantity of such feed being regulated by a "doctor" or other-
wise. The film is continuously dried by a current of cold or heated air
passed over its surface and through. the enclosed space in which the dies
travel. These operations are continued until the desired thickness of
cakes, lozenges, or other articles is obtained, when they are removed from..
the dies by suitable means.
Our improvements in apparatus also consist of a system of endless chains,
or of dises, or other arrangement for carrying frames, from which are sus-
pended sheets, plates, dies, rods, or cores of suitable materials, which are
consecutively dipped into a cistern of liquid ingredients by the continuous.
rotation of the carrying apparatus; the films or coatings thus formed on.
the sheets, plates, dies, rods, or cores are dried by passing a current of air-
heated or otherwise over their surfaces and through the enclosed space in
which they rotate. These operations are continued until the desired thick--
ness or size is obtained.
In carrying out the foregoing improvements we prefer, whenever
practicable, to make the plates, dies, rods, cores, and surfaces of glass or
other vitreous material.
In all arrangements where the finished article is removed. from: the
sheets, plates, surfaces, dies, cores, and rods we prepare these latter by
laying thereon a thin film of oily, fatty, or other substance, or of flour
paste dried previously to the application of the liquorice or other mixture.
to prevent too great adhesion of the materials to them.
Our improvements in apparatus for forming rolls or pipes of confec-
tionery materials into cakes or lozenges consist in dividing the rolls.or
pipes transversely into the required thickness by circular.or.other saws or
cutters.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,.
filed by the said William Wood and James William Wood in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
WOOD and JAMES WILLIAM Wood, of Monkhill, near Pontefract, in the
County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said William Wood and James William Wood, Her special
licence that we, the said William Wood and James William Wood, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
William Wood and James William Wood, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POMFRET OR
LIQUORICE CAKES, ROLLS, AND PIPES, AND OF LOZENGES AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES OF CONFECTIONERY, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF SUCH ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said William Wood and James William Wood, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Wood and James
William Wood, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say):-
Our improvements in the manufacture of pomfret or liquorice cakes,
rolls, and pipes, and of lozenges and other similar articles of confectionery,
consist in forming them by means of repeated or accumulated films, layers,

page_text: or lamine of liquid or pasty material on prepared surfaces, dies, and cores
of metal or other suitable material. We lay a film or thin layer of liquid
or pasty liquorice mixture or other material on to a prepared surface; the
film is then dried sufficiently by suitable means and another film laid on
it, which is in turn dried, and so on, repeating or continuing the operation
until a sheet of the desired thickness is obtained, which on its removal
from the prepared surface can be made into rolls or pipes, or it can be
passed through figuring and cutting machines, or otherwise be made into
pomfret or liquorice cakes, rolls, and pipes, and into lozenges and similar
articles of confectionery. We also form pomfret cakes and lozenges and
other similar articles directly from the liquid or pasty liquorice mixture or
other material by laying the films or thin layers thereof on to prepared,
plain, or figured surfaces or dies of the desired form, pattern, and size,
drying the film sufficiently, then laying on another, drying again, and
repeating or continuing the operation until the desired thickness is
obtained, when the cakes or lozenges are removed from the dies or surfaces.
We also form such sheets, rolls, pipes, cakes, and lozenges by dipping
suitable. prepared sheets, plates, dies, cores, or rods of metal or other
suitable material, or of liquorice or other confectionery material, or com-
bination of materials, into liquid or semi-fluid liquorice or other mixture,
so as to form a film or layer thereon, which is then dried, and the operations
repeated until the desired thickness or size is obtained; the sheets, rolls,
or pipes may then be formed into cakes or lozenges. We also form sheets,
pomfret cakes, rolls, and pipes, and lozenges, and other similar articles, by
alternately laying on to prepared surfaces a film or thin layer of liquid or
semifluid material, and then dusting or placing thereon powdered white or
colored sugar or other material, then drying and repeating the operations
alternately until the desired thickness is obtained.
Our improvements consist also in the use of roasted or baked grain,
flour, or farinaceous matters in the manufacture of pomfret or liquorice
cakes, rolls, or pipes, and other similar articles, in lieu of preparing the
flour or farinaceous matters by boiling.
Our improvements in apparatus to he used in the manufacture of pomfret
or liquorice cakes, rolls, and pipes, and of lozenges and other similar
articles of confectionery, consist, firstly, in the use of a cylinder or endless
sheet of copper or other suitable material, which being slowly rotated in
an enclosed space and in contact with feed rollers, or a short endless sheet
revolving in a trough or cistern, a thin film or layer of the liquid or pasty
material is continuously spread on its surface, which film or layer is con-

page_text: tinuously dried by a current of air heated or otherwise passed over its
surface and through the enclosed space in which it is moved. These
operations are continued until the desired thickness is obtained, when the
sheet of material thus produced is removed from the cylinder or endless
sheet on which it had been formed, and may then be made into pomfret or
liquorice cakes, rolls, pipes, and into lozenges and other articles.
Our improvements in apparatus for forming pomfret cakes, lozenges,
and other articles directly from the liquid or pasty materials consist in the
use of plain or figured dies of the size, pattern, and form required, attached
to a cylinder or endless sheet or other carrying apparatus, which being
slowly rotated in an enclosed space a thin film of the material is continu-
ously laid on the dies, preferably by an endless sheet of suitable fabric
revolving in contact with them and with a supply roller in a trough or
cistern, the quantity of such feed being regulated by a "doctor" or other-
wise. The film is continuously dried by a current of cold or heated air
passed over its surface and through the enclosed space in which the dies
travel. These operations are continued until the desired thickness of
cakes, lozenges, or other articles is obtained, when they are removed
from the dies by suitable means.
Our improvements in apparatus also consist of a system of endless
chains, or of discs, or other arrangement for carrying frames, from which
are suspended sheets, plates, dies, rods, or cores of suitable materials;
which are consecutively dipped into a cistern of liquid ingredients by the
continuous rotation of the carrying apparatus; the films or coatings thus
formed on the sheets, plates, dies, rods, or cores are dried by passing a
current of air heated or otherwise over their surfaces and through the
enclosed, space in which they rotate. These operations are continued
until the desired thickness or size is obtained.
In carrying out the foregoing improvements we prefer, whenever prac-
ticable, to make the plates, dies, rods, cores, and surfaces of glass or other
vitreous material...
In all arrangements where the finished article is removed from the
sheets, plates, surfaces, dies, cores, and rods, we prepare these latter by
laying thereon a thin film of oily, fatty, or other substance, or of flour
paste dried previously to the application of the liquorice or other mixture,
to prevent too great adhesion of the materials to them.
And in order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect we will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a section of a cylinder and feeding apparatus for making
sheets, cakes, &c, of liquorice or other mixture according to our Inven-
tion. A is the main cylinder; B, the casing; C, the enclosed space;
D', D, the feeding rollers; E, the trough; F, the fan; G, the driving
pulley. The main cylinder A is constructed preferably of metal of any
convenient size and turned up true so as to have a level and smooth
surface; it is mounted in bearings and actuated slowly by a strap on a
pulley or otherwise. The surface of this cylinder is first covered with a
film of oily or fatty matter to prevent too great adhesion of the liquorice
or other mixture to the cylinder, which may be conveniently done by
rollers working in a trough containing the oily or fatty matters similar to
those shewn at D1, D2, and E. The oiling rolls are then removed and
other rollers and trough substituted. The trough containing the liquorice
or other mixture, the cylinder being set in motion in the direction shewn
by the arrows, the roller D³ which is in surface contact therewith is turned
round, and D being in contact with D¹ the latter is actuated also. The
mixture is taken up out of the trough by roller D1 and transferred to roller
D2, which again transfers by its contact some of the matter on its surface
to the prepared surface of the main cylinder A. The rollers D' and 'D'
are covered with flannel or felt so as to take up sufficient material, any
surplus being pressed away by their contact, the pressure being diminished
or increased by regulating the pressure of D' on D¹. The layer of
liquorice or other mixture laid on the cylinder A passes into the enclosed
space C, when a current of hot or cold air is drawn over it by a fan or by
the rising of heated air in a flue or passage, the object being to dry the
film or layer of matter laid on the cylinder. By its continued though
slow motion the cylinder brings the film, which is now dry, round again to
the point of contact with the feed roller D³, in order that another film or
layer may be laid on over the first, which is then also dried in the same
manner. The speed at which the main cylinder is moved is governed by
the time the film or layer occupies in drying, as the first should be dry
before another is laid on it. The operations are continued until the
sheet of material has by successive films or layers become as thick as is
desired, when it is removed from the cylinder and may be made into
cakes, rolls, or other articles.
Figure 2 shows a machine similar in principle to that above described
but somewhat different in its form and details of construction.
Here an

page_text: endless sheet of thin copper or other material is shewn held distended by
2 cylinders; on this endless sheet the liquorice or other material is placed,
the object of using an endless sheet being to obtain a great length of
material in sheet without the use of a very large cylinder. The operations
of preparing the surface, laying on the material, drying it, and con-
tinuously repeating the operations, are conducted in the same manner as
when a cylinder is employed. The same letters of reference are used for
the same or equivalent parts in the Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings!
The endless sheet of thin copper or other material may be of any
convenient length.
The foregoing descriptions and Drawings relate to the making of plain
sheets or lengths of dried mixture, but when it is desired to produce
'marks, letters, or designs on one side or face of the sheets, then the sur-
face of the cylinder or endless sheet is engraved or marked as desired,
when the liquid or pasty material will enter such markings or designs and
set or dry into the shapes required.
The way in which discs or dies are employed in forming pomfret or
liquorice cakes and other articles directly from the paste is illustrated at
Figure 3. The cylinder or endless sheet of the former Figures is in this
case made to carry plain or figured dies made of glass, metal, or other
suitable material, and of the size, pattern, or form required. These dies
or forms are fastened on the cylinder or endless sheet by waterproof
cement or otherwise; they have their surfaces prepared by laying thereon
oily or fatty matters. The liquorice or other mixture is then laid on their
faces and dried by the dies, being carried through casings or enclosed
spaces and treated in a similar manner to that described when sheets of
liquorice or other mixture are being made. It is preferable to lay the
liquorice or other mixture on the dies by an endless sheet of felt, as shewn
at Figure 2, instead of by rollers as in Figure 1. When the cakes or
other articles are complete they are detached from the discs or dies by a
rake applied to the surface of the cylinder or sheet whilst it continues in
motion; the teeth enter the spaces between the dies and catching the
overhanging edges of the cakes or other articles throw them off the discs
or dies.
Our improvements in apparatus for forming sheets, rolls, &c. by dipping
sheets, cores, or other forms into the liquorice or other mixture are illus-
trated by Figures 4. A1, A2, are the carrying discs; H, H, the endless
chains by which the sheets or cores are carried; I, I, I, metal or other
suitable sheets; J, J, J, cores or forms; E, trough for the mixture; K, K,

page_text: trays for catching droppings; G, driving pullies. The lower disc A¹
being caused to revolve by the strap on the fast pulley G, the chains
H, H, carrying the sheets or cores are brought in succession and dipped
in the liquorice or other mixture in the trough E and then carried forward
into the enclosed space C, and the film or layer of material dried in a
similar manner to that previously described. These sheets or cores are
also first covered with a film of oily or fatty matter to prevent too great
adhesion of the mixture thereto. This may be conveniently done by
placing a trough of oily or fatty matter into which they will dip when
rotated. When core rods are used, on which to make sticks or rolls,
they are made taper or smaller in diameter at the bottom ends so as to
draw out of the rolls more easily.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Wood and James William
Wood, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourteenth day
of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-six.
WILLIAM WOOD.
(L.S.)
JAMES WILLIAM WOOD. (L.S.)
WILLIA
(L.S.)
JAMES WILLIAM WOOD. (L.B.)