IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLIMENTS (FOR BREAKING CLOGS OF EARTH AND LEVELLING THE SOIL) CALLED " HARROWS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Emery, of No. 6, King Street, St. James's
Square, in the City of Westminster, and County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN KINDS
OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLIMENTS (FOR BREAKING CLOGS OF EARTH AND LEVELLING
THE SOIL) CALLED " HARROWS."
Sealed the 24th March 1857, and dated the 11th December 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Emery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1856.
I, RICHARD EMERY, of No. 6, King Street, St. James's Square, in the City
of Westminster, and County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN
KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLIMENTS (FOR BREAKING CLOGS OF EARTH AND LEVEL-
LING THE SOIL) CALLED HARROWSs," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in so forming and combining the rails or framing of
harrows that the line of draught and the distribution of teeth may be so
arranged as to equalise and lessen the force necessary to drag it, at the same
time prevent the rolling or undulatory movement as much as possible, and
ensure a uniform working of the teeth in the soil. One of the great features
in this arrangement is that the angular form of the rails, with the general dis-
tribution of teeth, admits of their entering the earth in graduated numbers,

page_text: beginning with a few and ending with the many, each tooth following the
other in parallel lines and at proper distances apart.
The implement is made in two halves, as marked No. 1 and No. 2, and is
slung or attached together at the forward end by means of a check chain B',
and at the after end by a swivel pin B². Each half of the implement is
composed of 4 or more longitudinal iron rails of a triangular form, as marked
A, A, A, A; the upper ends of each, having an eye formed in the heading, marked
B, B, B, B, into which are attached the draw chains C, C, C, C, and conveys
the connection to the draw bars D, D. Each of the before-mentioned
triangular iron rails are crossed by 4 transverse rails E, E, E, E, and so placed
that some of the teeth of the harrow are screwed into the junctions. The
angles and crossings of the 2 sets of rails being such as to admit of a proper
distribution of the teeth F, F, F, F, so they follow each other in increased
numbers, at the same time be parallel and at proper distances, as will be readily
seen by the red dotted lines in the Drawing.
Claim. What I claim as of my Invention is, the forming and combining
of the rails and teeth in such a manner that the objects and purposes herein
described, and fully shewn in the Drawing, are effectually carried out.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Emery in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th June 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
EMERY, of No. 6, King Street, Saint James' Square, in the City of West-
minster, and County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Emery, Her special licence. that I, the said Richard Emery, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard
Emery, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others,, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend,, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS (FOR BREAKING

page_text: "
CLOGS OF EARTH AND LEVELLING THE SOIL) CALLED "HARROWS,'
upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Emery, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Emery, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention consists in so forming and combining the rails or framing of
harrows that the line of draught and the distribution of the teeth may be so
arranged that they enter the earth at the forward end of the implement with
a few, and so come on in succession that by the time the harrow has travelled
its whole length the earth is scarrified or torned uniformly throughout, and
end with the whole number of teeth following each in proper order and at
parallel distances. By thus arranging the teeth the undulating motion so
common to implements of this kind is done away with, at the same time the
draught for the horses is more easy, owing to its centralizing effect on each
line of draught, caused by the angular form of each pair of rails holding the
teeth. I am aware that harrows have been made of iron before, and the
teeth have been placed so as to be parallel to each other, but this has been
effected by the zig-zag form of the rails.
My arrangement of rails are all in straight lines, and made out of straight
pieces of iron, both longitudinally and transversely. The implement is made
into sections; the one shewn in the Drawing annexed is in four sections, and
is slung by check chains marked
and a swivel bolt and link at the
bottom end, thereby having perfect freedom to undulate over the uneven
surface of the ground.
Each section of this implement is composed of four or more rails A, A, A, A,
running lengthwise, and six or more cross or transverse bars B, B, B, B, B,
which are either rivetted or bolted together at their points of junction. The
rails A. A, are placed in an angular form, and are held at the top ends by
means of clips C, C, C, C, C, as shewn in detail, Fig. 2. Into these clip
pieces are connected the draw chains D, D, D, D, which are connected to the
bars or whipple trees E, E. F, F, are the check chains, and G, G, the swivel
links at the bottom end. It will be readily seen that an implement so con-

page_text: structed has the advantage of placing the teeth at such distance from each as
may be deemed best suited to the work intended, at the same time will enter
the earth in graduated numbers, and finish parallel to each other at their
respective distances, as is shewn by the red dotted lines in the Drawings.
. Claim. What I claim as of my Invention is the forming and combining of
the various parts of harrows by straight pieces of iron, so that when placed in
an angular form, in combination with the cross rails, that their junction form
the right distances and positions of the teeth, at the same time they are placed
in that order necessary to effect the purposes herein explained' and fully shown
in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Emery, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
RICHARD EMERY. (L.S.)