IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM BOILERS."
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Esau Rowing, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH-PRESSURE
STEAM BOILERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Esau Rowing at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1864.
I, ESAU ROWING, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH-
PRESSURE STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
In carrying out this Invention I place any convenient number (according
to the width of the furnace) of wrought-iron tubes side by side in a longi-
tudinal position, extending nearly the whole length of the furnace, and in
contact with or immediately below the fire-brick arch which forms the top of
the same. The front ends of these tubes which project in front of the
furnace above the fire-doors are provided with wrought-iron flanges (screwed
on), to which are bolted wrought-iron covers, by removing which the
longitudinal tubes can be cleaned out at any time when required. The other
ends of these longitudinal tubes communicate with a transverse wrought-iron

page_text: tube of a larger diameter, into one side of which they are screwed, the
transverse tube being made thicker at one side for that purpose. Each end
of the transverse tube is furnished with a wrought-iron flange (screwed on),
to which is bolted a wrought-iron cover, a stay bolt passing through the
centre from end to end of the tube. One end of this larger or transverse tube
projects through the side of the brickwork, and by removing the cover at
this end, the tube can be conveniently cleaned out. To this outer cover the
water gauge is fixed, and at this end a safety valve is connected to the upper
side of the tube, and a blow out pipe to the lower side. The steam is taken
from the upper part of the larger or transverse tube, the water line passing
through about the horizontal diameter thereof. In some instances I propose
to double this arrangement, that is, to have two sets of longitudinal tubes
both connected to opposite sides of the same transverse tube, and to have a
fire-place at each end, the transverse tube being in the centre midway
between the two fires.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Esau Rowing in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st October 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ESAU
ROWING, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Engineer, send greeting.
r
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Esau Rowing, Her special license that I, the said Esau Rowing, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Esau
Rowing, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH-PRESSURE
STEAM. BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Esau
Rowing, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same was to be performed; and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office on or before the First day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-four.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Esau Rowing, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in' what manner the same is to be performed,"
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
in writing, and on reference being had to the accompanying Sheet' of Drawings,
that is to say:
The object of my Invention is to construct steam boilers' capable of resisting
a very much higher pressure than can be borne by steam boilers as hitherto
constructed. In carrying out this Invention I place any convenient number
(according to the width of the furnace) of wrought-iron tabes side by side in
a longitudinal position, extending nearly the whole length of the furnace; and
in contact with or immediately below the fire-brick arch which forms the
top of the same. The front ends of these tubes which project in front of the
furnace above the firc-dóórs are provided with wrought-iron flanges (screwed
on), to which are bolted wrought-iron covers, by removing which the longi-
tudinal tubes can be cleaned out at any time when required. The other ends
of these longitudinal tubes communicate with a transverse wrought-iron tube
of a larger diameter, into one side of which they are screwed, the transverse
tube being made thicker at one side for that purpose. Each end of the'
transverse tube is furnished with a wrought iron flange (screwed on), to'
which is bolted a wrought iron cover, a stay bolt passing through' the centre
from end to end of the tube. One end of this larger or transverse tube projects
through the side of the brickwork, and by removing the cover at this end
the tube can be conveniently cleaned out; to this outer cover the water
gauge is fixed, and at this end a safety valve is connected to the upper side
of the tube, and a blow out pipe to the lower side. The steam is taken from
the upper part of the larger or transverse tube, the water line passing through
about the horizontal diameter thereof. In some instances I propose to
double this arrangement, that is, to have two sets of longitudinal' tubes both
connected to opposite sides of the same transverse tube, and to have a fire-
place at each end, the transverse tube being in the centre midway between
the' two fires.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention for " "Improve-
ments in High-pressure Steam Boilers," I will now proceed to describe more
in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried
into practical effect. And in order that the same may be distinctly understood

page_text: I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have
marked the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with
those in the following explanation thereof, that is to say:-
In the annexed Drawing Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section taken
horizontally through about the centre of a high-pressure steam boiler con-
structed according to my Invention, and Figure 2 represents a similar view
taken vertically through the same.
a, a, a, a, are four longitudinal wrought-iron tubes placed side by side, and
extending the, whole-length of the furnace (or nearly so) immediately below
the fire-brick arch b, b, which forms the top of the same. To the front ends
of these tubes (which project through the front of the furnace above the fire-
door c, c,) are screwed wrought-iron flanges d, d, to which having been
properly faced, the wrought-iron covers e, e, are bolted. The rear ends of
the tubes a, a, a, a, communicate with the transverse tube f. f, which is of a
larger diameter than the tubes a, a, a, a, and has one side made thicker in
order that the tubes a, a, a, a, may be screwed therein. The ends of the
tube ff, which project beyond the brickwork of the furnace are provided
with wrought-iron flanges g, g, screwed on and faced, and to these flanges are
bolted the wrought-iron covers h, h, a stay rod i, i, passing through the centre
and being firmly bolted to each cover. It will be seen that one end of the
tube ff, projects through the brickwork more than the other, and it is
proposed to affix the water gauge to the cover at this end, and also to have
a safety valve at the upper side, and a blow out pipe at the lower side of the
tube f, f, at this end. The steam may be taken from the top of the tube f,f
at the centre, or at any other convenient part. On referring to Figure 2, it
will be observed that the tubes a, a, a, a, are slightly inclined (their forward
end being lowest), so that the water level shall assume the position shown by
the blue line, in order that when the main tube f, f, is half full of water, the
lower ends of the tubes a, a, a, a, above the fire shall be full of water, at the
same time that there is a gradually increasing space all along the tubes for
the steam as it is formed to escape to the larger or transverse tube f, f. By
this construction of steam boiler the steam is raised very rapidly, and the
boiler itself is capable of bearing at least five times the pressure that boilers
of the ordinary construction will resist, at the same time that the construction
of the boiler is very simple and inexpensive.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention for
"Improvements in High-pressure Steam Boilers," together with the manner
in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical

page_text: effect, I would remark in conclusion that I do not intend to limit or confine
myself to the exact arrangement or the precise details shown in the annexed
Drawing, but I claim as my Invention the general construction and arrange-
ment of steam boiler above described, consisting mainly of a series of
longitudinal tubes under the closed ends of which is the fire-place, whilst the
opposite ends communicate with a transverse tube of larger diameter from
which the steam is taken.
In witness whereof, I, the said Esau Rowing, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
ESAU ROWING. (L.s.)