Year: 1868

page_text: The journals of the various rolls are supported upon a suitable frame.
The material from which the batting is formed is wound upon a roll or
fed from some other source into the machine and to a fluted feed roll.
The material is caught by this roll and carried against the teeth of a card
cylinder. The latter has a rapid rotation imparted to it and strips off the
filaments of the fibrous material, which as the card cylinder rotates are
drawn against the surface of a rotary screen or drum (by rarification or
exhaustion of the air within the drum) in such a manner as to suck down
the fibres from the card teeth and cause them to lie upon the surface of
the screen, forming a fleecy sheet, the fibres of which cling together
sufficiently to allow the sheet or lap to be fed from the drum over
a feed roll and between the surfaces of the two strips of paper, which
with the lap or sheet of fibrous material form the lining.
The sheets or strips of paper are composed of a wide strip and a
narrow strip, the former coming from a paper roll and the latter from a
similar roll. The wide strip as it is unwound from its roll passes under
a guide roll, thence over a cement cylinder or fountain, thence under a
guide roll, and thence between feed rolls, over one of which it receives
the lap or sheet of fibrous material. The narrow strip passes directly
from its roll over the lap sheet; being compressed against the same
and the wide paper by a weighted or metal presser roll over one of
the feed rolls.
In passing over the cement cylinder the edges of the under strip
on its under surface have cement applied to them as follows:-
The cement cylinder is filled or partially filled with mucilage or
cement, and upon a shaft extending through the same are placed
two wallowing rolls which project up through the upper surface of
the cylinder at such distance apart as shall cause them to roll in
contact with the under surface of the paper at the opposite edges
thereof as the paper is fed along, thereby applying to the said surface
a border of cement. As the paper in passing on joins the narrow
strip the cemented surfaces project beyond the edges of the narrow
strip and in this condition the paper and enclosed fibrous lap pass
to an inclined plate, at each end of which is a guide or groove. The
latter receives the projecting edge and as the lining is fed along turns
this edge over (by the formation or twist of the guide groove) so that
as the lining reaches a pit or receptacle these edges will have been
turned over upon and cemented to the upper surface of the narrow

page_text: sheet. After being cemented the lining may be again passed through
presser rolls to compress the cemented edges together or may pass
directly into the box or baling pit. The projecting edges may however
if preferable be turned or folded over against the narrow strip by hand.
Two creasing drums or cylinders may be employed to fold the finished
lining as it comes from the cement rolls, the cylinders acting upon
and feeding the lining through between them, and each cylinder having
teeth extending the length of the cylinder and operating in connection
with corresponding recesses in the other cylinder, the teeth and recesses
of each cylinder alternating so that they act successively to crease the
lining in opposite directions, the lining being thereby delivered, folded,
an attendant
and ready for baling. The folding may also be effected by
who slips over the end of the lining as it comes into the pit a sort
of spatula or folder, with which he lays the lining upon the bottom
of the box with the folder on top, while with another folder he then
folds down the next part of the lining across the box, with the folder
on top. He then withdraws the first folder by slipping it out endwise
and folds the next part, and so on until the whole length is folded,
as will be readily understood. The card cylinder and the screen or
lap forming mechanism may be arranged separately from the mechanism
which unites the lap or sheet of filling and the sheet or sheets of
paper.
The confinement of the paper and lap together may be effected as
described, or they may be kept from relative displacement by either
of the following methods:-The lining may be faced on each side by
a sheet of paper, and each or either of these sheets of paper has
applied to its surface a coating of cement of such nature and con-
sistence that the filling and paper are joined thereby. One sheet of
paper only may be used, but a sheet on each side of the filling is
considered preferable. With one sheet the lap or batting may be
united to the paper in a paper-making machine, the said sheet while in a
pulpy or semi-pulpy condition being brought into contact with the lap,
which is pressed against and made to adhere to the paper by virtue
of the soft condition of the paper, which as it dries retains the
fibres of the filling pressed against or into it, as will be readily
understood.
The filling may be placed between two paper sheets, the outer edges
of which are pasted together by cement. This formation is similar

page_text: to one before described, except that the sheets of paper are all of the
same width, and the under surface of one sheet is pasted at its edge
to the opposite surface of the other.
The sheets of paper may also be confined to the filling by rows of
stitches, no cement being used. In this formation the filling may be
surfaced with only one sheet of paper, but two sheets are considered
preferable. The sewing mechanism may be directly connected with
the mechanism which unites the lap and paper sheets together.
In my improved stair carpet pad the filling is enclosed between
sheets of paper, and the layers of paper and filling are enveloped in
a covering of thin textile fabric, the whole being connected by quilting
stitches which give proper compactness to the pad and keep the filling
in place.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Consulting
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Robert Lake, Her special licence
that I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Robert Lake, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARPET LININGS AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING

page_text: THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others), that I, the said
William Robert Lake, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being
had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, forming a part of this
Specification:-
This Invention has reference to the manufacture of that class of
carpet linings in which a sheet or layer of loose coarse fibrous wadding
material is confined to one surface of a sheet of coarse paper or between
two sheets of such paper, the object of the Invention being to form
the lining in such manner that it may be freely handled and used
without danger of relative displacement of the wadding and paper,
such linings being used to underlie carpetings for the purpose of
protecting them from wear.
The said Invention consists partly in the arrangement of mechanism
through which the fibrous material is formed into a bat by being fed
up to the surface of a card cylinder, the teeth of which carry the
filaments to the surface of a lap forming cylinder, upon the rotating
gauze surface of which it is drawn and formed into a sheet, leaving the
cylinder in this form, and passing thence between presser rolls and
between the sheets of paper passing between such rolls.
The said Invention also consists in forming such lining of two strips
of paper (receiving the batting between them), one of which strips is
wider than the other, so that when they come together with the lining
between them the opposite edges of the wide strip overlap the adjacent
edges of the other strip in such a manner that they may be folded
over and cemented to the said overlapped edges.
The said Invention also consists in the means for applying cement

page_text: to the edges of the wide strip and in the mechanism for effecting the
folding over of the cemented edges.
Also, in a carpet lining in which the loose fibrous material is secured
to a sheet of paper or between sheets of paper by cement applied over
the surface of the paper.
Also, in a carpet lining having the paper and loose fibre united in
a paper-making machine, or while the paper is in a pulpy or semi-pulpy
condition.
Also, in a carpet lining having the loose filling secured between
sheets of paper by cementing together the outer contiguous edges of
the paper.
Also, in a lining having the loose filling secured to or between sheets
of paper by rows of stitches or "quilting."
And, lastly, in a lining made of the general size and form of steps
of stairs to be used as a carpet pad or lining.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
A. is a vertical longitudinal section of the machinery employed in
practising my Invention. The frame a supports the journals of the
various rolls. The material from which the batting is formed is
wound upon a roll b or fed from some other source into the machine
and to a fluted feed roll c; it is caught by this roll c and carried
against the teeth of a card cylinder c, which has a rapid rotation
imparted to it stripping off the filaments of the fibrous material which
as the card cylinder rotates are drawn against the surface of a
rotary screen or drum d (by rarification or exhaustion of the air
within the drum by any suitable means) in such a manner as to
suck down the fibres from the card teeth and cause them to lie upon
the surface of the screen, forming a fleecy sheet, the fibres of which
cling together sufficiently to allow the sheet or lap to be fed from
the drum over a feed roll e and between the surfaces of the two
strips of paper which with the lap or sheet of fibrous material form
the lining. As here shown the sheets or strips of paper are composed'
of a wide strip z and a narrow strip x, the former coming from a paper
roll h, and the latter from a similar roll i. The wide strip as it is
unwound from its roll h passes under a guide roll k, thence over a

page_text: cement cylinder or fountain 1, thence under a guide roll m, and thence
between feed rolls e, n, over the former of which it receives upon it
the lap or sheet of fibrous material. The narrow strip x passes directly
from its roll i over the lap sheet, being compressed against the same
and the wide paper by a weighted or metal presser roll o. over the
roll e.
In passing over the cement cylinder the edges of the under
strip on its under surface have cement applied to them as follows:-
The cement cylinder is filled or partially filled with mucilage or cement;
and upon a shaft extending through the same are placed two wallowing
rolls p which project up through the upper surface of the cylinder at
such distance apart as shall cause them to roll in contact with the under
surface of the paper at the opposite edges thereof as the paper is fed
along, thereby applying to the said surface a border of cement, and
as the paper in passing on joins the narrow strip the cement applied
surfaces project beyond the edges of the narrow strip, and in this
condition the paper and enclosed fibrous lap pass to an incline or
plate q, at each end of which is a guide or groove which receives the
projecting edge, and as the lining is fed along turns this edge over
(by the formation or twist of the guide groove), so that as the lining
reaches a pit or receptacle & these edges will have been turned over
upon and cemented to the upper surface of the narrow sheet.
At B is shown a plan of the baling or folding box showing on one
side the paper strips entering the box from the edge folding guides,
and on the opposite side the cement cylinder and one of the cement
applying rolls. After being cemented the lining may be again passed
through presser rolls to compress the cemented edges together, or may
pass directly into the box or baling pit 8. The projecting edges may
however if preferable be turned or folded over against the narrow
strip by hand. Two creasing drums or cylinders may be employed
to fold the finished lining (as it comes from the cement applying
mechanism and presser rolls) as seen at C, the cylinders acting upon
and feeding the lining through between them, and each cylinder having
teeth a' extending the length of the cylinder and operating in connection
with corresponding recesses 6' in the other cylinder, the teeth and recesses
of each cylinder alternating so that they act successively to crease the
lining in opposite directions, as seen in the Drawing at C, the lining
being thereby delivered, folded, and ready for baling. Instead of this
mechanism the folding may be effected by an attendant who slips

page_text: over the end of the lining as it comes into the pit a sort of spatula or
folder, with which he lays the lining upon the bottom of the box with
the folder on top, while with another folder he then folds down the
next part of the lining across the box with the folder on top; he
then withdraws the first folder by slipping it out endwise and folds the
next part, and so on until the whole length is folded, as will be readily
understood. The card cylinder and the screen or lap forming mechanism
shown in the Drawings may be arranged separately from the mechanism
which unites the lap or sheet of filling and the sheet or sheets of paper,
but it is considered preferable either to arrange them in one frame as
shown or to conduct the lap directly from the lap forming mechanism
to the mechanism which brings the lap and paper together.
The confinement of the paper and lap together may be effected as
described and as illustrated in the Drawings (producing a lining as shown
at D), or they may be kept from relative displacement by either of the
following methods:-At E the lining x is shown as faced on each
side by a sheet of paper z, and each or either of these sheets of paper
has applied to its surface which is against the filling a coating of
cement of such nature and consistence that the filling and paper are
joined by the cementitious matter. One sheet of paper only may be
used, but a sheet on each side of the filling is considered preferable.
With one sheet the lap or batting may be united to the paper in a
paper-making machine, the sheet of paper while in a pulpy or semi-
pulpy condition being brought into contact with the lap, which is
pressed against and made to adhere to the paper by virtue of the soft
condition of the paper, which as it dries retains the fibres of the filling
pressed against or into it, as will be readily understood.
At F the filling is shown as placed between two paper sheets z, the
outer edges of which (both extending beyond the filling) are pasted
together by cement; this formation being similar to that shown at
D, excepting that the sheets of paper are of the same width and the
under surface of one sheet at its. edge is pasted to the opposite surface of
the other, as shown at F, instead of making one sheet of extra, width and
lapping its edge over on to the edge of the other sheet, as shown at D.
At G the sheets of paper z are shown as confined to the filling x by
rows of stitches y, made by hand or with suitable sewing mechanism;
no cement being used. In this formation the filling may be surfaced

page_text: with but one sheet of paper, but two sheets are considered preferable.
The sewing mechanism may be directly connected with the mechanism
which unites the lap and paper sheets together, so that the lining
passes from this lap forming and lap and paper joining mechanism
to the sewing mechanism and thence to the folding mechanism.
At H is shown a stair carpet pad in which the filling is enclosed
between sheets of paper, and the layers of paper and filling are enveloped
in a covering of thin textile fabric, the whole being connected by quilting
stitches y which give proper compactness to the pad and keep the
filling in place, the pad being made of the oblong and rectangular
form corresponding to the shape of the tread surfaces of stairs.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and shown how the same may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice, I claim,-
The combination with a paper roll or paper rolls from which each
strip, to surface or enclose the lap or fibrous material is fed, of the card
cylinder and cylinder screen for forming the lap, the whole operating
together substantially as described.
Also, the arrangement of the cement cylinder and its rolls in con-
nection with the feed guide and paper rolls, substantially as described.
Also, forming or constructing a carpet lining by enclosing the lap
between a wide and a narrow strip of paper and bending the projecting
edges of the wide strip over upon, and cementing or securing them to
the surface of the narrow strip, substantially as set forth.
Also, the method or methods of folding the lining, substantially as
set forth.
Also, forming the carpet lining by uniting a sheet or sheets of paper
to the lap or filling material while the paper is in a pulpy or semi-
pulpy condition.
Also, forming the carpet lining by cementing the filling or lap 3
directly to the sheet or sheets of paper against or between which it
is formed.
Also, forming the carpet lining by placing the lap between sheets
of paper, the opposite edges of which are joined by cement, as seen
at F.-
3

page_text: Also, forming the carpet lining by having the filling placed between
sheets of paper and secured thereto by stitches, substantially as shown
at G.
Also, the stair carpet pad or lining, substantially as shewn and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-eight.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE. (L.S.)
Witness,
THO. N. PALMER,
Clerk to Messrs. Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
8, Southampton Buildings,
W.C.