IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATCH PENDANTS, AND IN TOOLS OR MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Harrold, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Refiner and Metal Roller, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF WATCH PENDANTS, AND IN TOOLS OR MACHINERY
EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE.”
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Harrold at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1876,
CHARLES HARROLD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Refiner and
Metal Roller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATCH PENDANTS, AND
IN TOOLS OR MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE."
My Invention consists of the process or combination of processes, herein-after
described, for the manufacture of watch pendants from sheet metal, and also of the
improvements in tools or machinery, herein-after described, employed in carrying
into effect the said process or processes of manufacture.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture both of ordinary watch pendants'
and the pendants of keyless watches.
I will describe my Invention with reference to an ordinary pendant.
I first cut out a circular disc or blank from sheet metal. I next raise the blank
into a cup-like form by the use of two pairs of raising tools worked in a press, the
pin or axis by which the pendant is attached to the watch being formed in the
centre of the blank at the same time. The blank is further operated upon by two
pairs of tools, by which a cylindrical figure is given to it, which figure is further
perfected by the operation of two pairs of drawing through tools. The open end of
the hollow cylinder is contracted, and a nearly spherical figure given to the partially.
formed pendant by a pair of tools, the acting parts of which are of a nearly hemi-
spherical figure. The spherical figure of the pendant is perfected by the action of
closing punches, and the pendant is now complete, excepting that the side holes in:
which the ring engages have to be made. These holes are mado by a rotating tool*
worked in a lathe. The pendant properly supported is pressed against the said

page_text: rotating tool, by which a hole is formed by pressure, that is, without cutting
the metal. A hole having been made on one side, the pendant is turned, and by a
like treatment a hole is made on the other side.
The tools which I employ consist of pairs of cutting out, pressing, drawing
through tools, and shaping tools, worked either in a screw or bolt press, and the
hole forming tools, which act by pressure combined with a rotatory motion.
In making the pendants of keyless watches according to my Invention I proceed
in essentially the way already described with reference to an ordinary pendant,
excepting that the blank has a piercing at its centre for the bearing of the axis of
the winding mechanism to be fixed in, and the figure of the pendant is generally
that of a hollow cylinder.
In making the pendants of keyless watches I employ, in addition to the cutting
out tools three pairs of drawing through tools and two pairs of finishing tools, the
closing tools herein before referred to not being used. The side holes for the recep-
tion of the ring are made as herein-before described with reference to an ordinary
watch pendant.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Harrold in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th February
1877.
CHARLES HARROLD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Refiner and
Metal Roller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATCH PENDANTS, AND
IN TOOLS OR MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
"
•
My Invention consists of the process or combination of processes, herein-after
described, for the manufacture of watch pendants from sheet metal, and also of the
improvements in tools or machinery, heroin-after described, employed in carrying
into effect the said process or processes of manufacture.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture both of ordinary watch pendants
and the pendants of keyless watches
I will describe my Invention with reference to an ordinary pendant
I first cut out a circular disc or blank from sheet metal. I next raise the blank
into a cup-like form by the use of two pairs of raising tools worked in a press, the
pin or axis by which the pendant is attached to the watch being formed in the
centre of the cup blank at the same time The blank is further operated upon by
two pairs of tools, by which a cylindrical figure is given to it, which figure is further
perfected by the operation of two pairs of drawing through tools The open end of
the hollow cylinder is contracted, and a nearly spherical figure given to the partially
formed pendant by a pair of tools, the acting parts of which are of a nearly hemi-
spherical figure. The spherical figure of the pendant is perfected by the action of
closing punches, and the pendant is now complete, excepting that the side holes in
which the ring engages have to be made. These holes are made by a rotating tool
worked in a lathe The pendant properly supported is pressed against the said
rotating tool, by which a hole is formed by pressure, that is, without cutting away.
A hole having been made on one side, the pendant is turned, and by a
like treatment a hole is made on the other side.
the metal.
The tools which I employ consist of pairs of cutting out, pressing, drawing
through tools, and shaping tools, worked either in a screw or bolt press, and the
hole forming tools, which act by pressure combined with a rotatory motion.
In making the pendants of keyless watches according to my Invention I proceed
in essentially the way already described with reference to an ordinary pendant,
excepting that the blank has a piercing at its centre for the bearing of the axis of
the winding mechanism to be fixed in, and the figure of the pendant is generally
that of a hollow cylinder.
•

page_text: In making the pendants of keyless watches I employ, in addition to the cutting
out tools, three or more pairs of drawing through tools and two or more pairs of
finishing tools, the closing tools herein before referred to not being used. The side
holes for the reception of the ring are made as herein-before described with
reference to an ordinary watch pendant.
I will now proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the
manner in which my Invention is to be performed
Figure 1 represents in plan and elevation a thick circular disc or blank from
which I produce the watch pendant, the pair of tools for cutting out the said disc or
blank being represented in Figure 14, a being the fixed cutting tool, and b the
moveable cutter or punch. I take the blank, Figure 1, and place it upon the lower
die or tool c of the pair of raising tools represented in Figure 24, and by the action
of the upper tool or punch d and the fixed tool c the said blank has the cupped
figure given to it represented in elevation and section in Figure 2. The cup,
Figure 2, is further operated upon by the pair of raising tools e, f, represented in
Figure 34, so as to convert it into the cupped form represented in the sections,
Figure 3, the said sections being taken at right angles to one another, that is to say,
by the operation of the pair of raising tools, Figure 34, the cup is elongated and the
formation of the connecting pin or axis g commenced, the finished pin or axis g
being used to connect the pendant to the watch. The metal of the cup, Figure 3,
is not of uniform thickness throughout, two opposite sides of the cup being thicker
than the other opposite sides at right angles, as will be understood by reference to
the sections, Figure 3, where the sides of the section at h are of less thickness than
the sides at right angles to them, as seen in the section at i; this thickening of the.
cup on opposite sides is effected by the punch or upper tool e, having on its opposite
sides the configuration shown at k, k, Figure 34.
The cup, Figure 3, is next operated upon by means of the pair of drawing
through tools represented in Figure 4 so as to give the said cup the form repre-
sented in Figure 4, which Figure 4 represents sections marked l, m, taken at light
angles to one another, and a horizontal section marked n of the said cup. By the
operation of the pair of drawing through tools p, q, Figure 44, upon the cup,
Figure 3, the said cup is further elongated and the pin g at its base also clongated.
The thickened opposite sides of the cup are shown in the section m and the hori
zontal section n, Figure 4, and the fashioned opposite sides of the punch or upper
tool p for forming the thickened opposite sides of the cup are marked ", ", in
Figure 4. The object of the thickened sides or walls is to provide the finished
pendant with an additional thickness of metal on opposite sides for the formation
therein of the holes in which the ends of the ring of the pendant engage, as hercin-
after described.
The partly made pendant, Figure 4, is next operated upon so as to further
elongate it and give it the form represented in Figure 5 by the use of the pair of
drawing through tools marked 8, t, represented in Figure 54, and by the operation
of the lower die, Figure 6^, in conjunction with the upper die or punch 8 of the pair
of tools, Figure 54, the partly made pendant, Figure 5, is further elongated and
made to take the form represented in Figure 6.
The partly made pendant, Figure 6, is further elongated, and the form of the base
part and the interior further perfected, and the ragged or uneven upper edges cut
off so as to give the pendant the form represented in the sections taken at right
angles to one another, represented in Figure 7, by the operation of the pair of
› drawing through tools marked u, v, represented in Figure 74, the shoulder u³ of the
punch or upper tool u shearing the waste metal from the upper part of the pendant
after the clongation and shaping have been effected by the two tools u, v.
The partly made pendant, Figure 7, is next placed in the lower die w of the pair
of dies w, x, represented in vertical section in Figure 84, and plan of the lower die in
Figure 8, the partly made pendant being supported upon the mandril y, as seen in
the said Figure 8³. A series of blows being given by the upper die x to the .

page_text: pendant under operation, the mandril y with the pendant upon it being turned
round through a portion of a circle after each blow, the said pendant is made to
take by the operation of the said two dies w, x, and mandril y the form represented
in Figure 8, that is to say, the form both of the exterior and interior of the pendant
is further changed, and the collar and pin g at the base also further perfected in
form. Guide holes z, z, are next made in the thickened sides or walls of the
pendant, and the open end of the cylindrical pendant is gathered in or contracted
in the manner illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 by the successive operations of the
pairs of shaping tools represented in Figures 9 and 10^.
The partly made pendant, Figure 10, is next placed upon a mandril 1 and laid in
the lower die 2 of the pair of dics 2, 3, represented in vertical section in Figure 11^.
By rotating the partly made pendant by the mandril 1 and giving a series of blows
to the said pendant in the die 2, the globular figure of the pendant is further
perfected, the collais at the base reduced in thickness, and the pin at the extreme
base elongated. Figure 11 represents the partly made pendant, Figure 10, after it
has been operated upon by the dies represented in Figure 11^.
By the successive changes represented in Figures 12, 13, 14, and 15, effected by
the use of the upper tools represented in Figures 124, 134, 144, and 15 in com-
bination with the lower tool of the pair of tools, Figure 104, the gathering in or
contracting of the open end of the pendant is completed, and a spherical figure
given to the body of the pendant.
The spherical figure of the pendant, Figure 15, is next perfected by the operation
of the pair of hemispherical tools 4, 5, represented in vertical section in Figure 16^,
and plan of the lower tool in Figure 10³. A series of blows being given by the
upper tool 4 to the pondant in the lower tool 5, the pendant being partly rotated
after each blow the said pendant Figure 15 has the figure given to it represented
in the sections Figure 16, the said sections being taken at right angles to one
another. The pendant in the lower tool 5 18 partly rotated therein by the said
pendant being held at the pin g by a pair of plyers The pendant is now complete,
excepting that the side hole 7, 7, represented in Figure 17 have to be made in the
thickened sides or walls of the pendant for receiving the pendant ring. The said
holes 7, 7, are made by the pressure of a rotating tool worked in a lathe, the holes
z, z, previously made in the pendant serving to guide the rotating tool to its work.
The pendant properly supported is pressed against the rotating tool, by which one
of the holes 7 is formed by pressure, that is, without cutting away the metal, the
displaced metal being forced in the interior of the pendant, as illustrated in
Figure 17. After a hole has been made on one side of the pendant the latter is
turned and a hole made on the other side in a like manner.
Instead of forming the side holes 7, 7, by pressure, as described, the said holes
may be made by drilling tools.
Figure 18 represents the complete pendant after the ring has been sprung into the
side holes 7, 7, and the collar of the pendant has been milled in the usual way.
Figure 19 represents a partly made pendant for a keyless watch, or a watch
where a sliding stud is employed. In making the open ended pendant, Figure 19,
the partly made pendant on arriving at the stage represented in Figure 13 has a.
rod or mandril inserted in it, which rod or mandril prevents the complete closing of
the summit of the pendant during the subsequent perfecting or finishing operations,
the required recesses being made in the tools for the reception of the supporting rod
or mandril.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim as my Invention,
the improvements in the manufacture of watch pendants, and in tools or machinery
employed in the said manufacture herein-before described and illustrated in the 5
accompanying Drawings, that is to say, making watch pendants from sheet metal

page_text: by the process or combination of processes, substantially as described and illustrated
in .conjunction with the tools or machinery, substantially as described and
illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Harrold, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW,
CHARLES HARROLD. (LS.)