IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, PURIFYING, AND REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF FEED
Year: 1871

page_text: гHеu Loun June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-third
day of August, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, No. 2218,
did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
Her special license, that I, the sald John Henry Johnson,
A
the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HEATING, PURIFYING, AND REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF FEED

page_text: A
WATER TO STEAM GENERATORS," a communication from abroad by Robert
Berryman, of Hartford, State of Connecticut, United States of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry
my executors or administrators
A
Johnson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent:
And whereas I, the said John Henry Johnson, did prepare an Instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, purporting to declare the 1
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and caused the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the Twenty-second day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-two:
And whereas since the filing of the said Specification I have been
advised, and have ascertained that the subject-matter of the second
claim of my said Specification is of doubtful novelty, I am thereforo
desirous of disclaiming the said second claim of my said Specification,
and of altering my said Specification so that it may be not be capable of
being so construed as to include and claim anything which is not novel;
and I am also desirous of correcting certain reference letters which
occur in the fourth claim of my said Specification, as herein-after set
forth.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, by and with the
leave of Her Majesty's Solicitor-General, and for the reasons aforesaid,
do hereby strike out of the Specification as printed by the Queens'
Printers, and published at the Great Seal Patent Office in One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-two, the whole of lines 24 to 28 inclusive on
page 14; I also strike out the words "3rdly, 4thly, 5thly, 6thly, 7thly,
8thly, 9thly, 10thly, and 11thly, which occur at the commencement of
each claiming clause of my said Specification, and substitute for the said
word 3rdly the word 2ndly, for the word 4thly the word 3rdly, for the
word fifthly the word fourthly, for the word sixthly the word fifthly,
for the word seventhly the word sixthly, for the word eighthly the
word seventhly, for the word ninthly the word eighthly, for the word
tenthly the word ninthly, and for the word eleventhly the word tenthly.

page_text: the pipes a extends from the bottom of the tank B to the point at which
it is desired to feed the water into the boiler, and is furnished with
a check valve at C, opening downwards, so as to prevent back pressure
from the boiler; and each of the pipes a¹ extends from the top of the
tank through the shell of the boiler to whatever point it is desired to
make the feeding line, or what may be termed the true water level of
the boilers. The feed pipes a all extend upwards into the supply tank
to a point sufficient above the bottom of the same to enable deposits
and sediment to collect and remain upon the bottom of the tank below
the mouths or openings of the said pipes. The tank is provided at one
end with a blow-off cock d, and has also man-hole plates, which can
be removed when it is desired to obtain access to the interior of the
tank for the purpose of removing deposits.
The operation of the tank in feeding water into the boilers is as
follows: When the water in any boiler evaporates sufficiently to permit
steam to enter the mouth of the pipe a¹ such steam will immediately
pass up into the tank, and by acting upon the surface of the hot water
in the same will equalize the pressure in the boiler and tank, so that the
water will immediately flow from the tank by its own gravity through
the pipe a into the boiler, the flow only ceasing when the water has been
raised in the boiler to a point above the mouth of the pipe a¹, thereby
cutting off the steam from the tank. The supply of the water will thus
remain cut off until evaporation again reduces the water level in the
boiler and permits steam to again enter the pipe a¹, when the above
operation will be repeated until the boiler has been again filled to the
proper level. In this way a single boiler or all of the boilers simul-
taneously may be supplied with water from the tank, the water in all
the boilers being maintained at an uniform level, even where there is an
and circulation
of
unequal evaporation, as there is a free communication between all
of
A
A
the boilers and the tank and an equalisation of pressure whenever water
is to be supplied to the boilers.
The hot water which is fed into the boilers is entirely free from
sediment and impurities which are deposited or settled upon the bottom
of the tank before the water is fed into the boilers, this settling or
precipitating-of-the-process being considerably facilitated by the direct
contact of the steam and hot water from the boiler with the water in the
tank. The deposits upon the bottom of the tank are prevented as beford

page_text: described from passing into the boiler by slightly elevating the mouths
of the feed pipes a above the bottom of the said tank.
The apparatus which it is preferred to employ for heating the water
to be fed to the tank B is shewn in Figures 1 and 2, and consists of a
casing D elevated above the tank and communicating with the same
through the pipes O and C¹. The pipes C through which the water
is fed to the tank extends from the bottom of the tank, and is provided
with a check valve at e, opening downwards in order to prevent water
from being forced back into the heater from the tank. The pipes C¹
through which steam is conducted from the tank to the heater in order
to equalize the pressure in both extends from the top of the said tank
to a point close to the top of the heater. Within and secured to the
bottom of the heater there is a cone-shaped casing E (Figure 2) having
a central partition f extending nearly to the top of the same, and
internal braces f¹ to prevent it from collapsing by the steam pressure
in the heater. The water within the heater or casing D, and surrounding
the casing E, is thoroughly heated before being fed to the tank B by
contact with the exterior of the said casing E into which the exhaust
steam of an engine is introduced by a pipe g, and from which it is
discharged after rising to the top of the same, and passing over the
partition through a pipe g¹.
The operation of the heater in its simplest form and supposing it to
be constantly supplied with cold water by any suitable means, is as
follows: When the water falls in the tank Bain consequence of feeding
into the boilers and exposes the end of the pipe C¹, steam from the tank
will rise through the said pipe into the heater and thus equalize the
pressure and permit the hot water to flow out of the heater through the
pipe C into the tank. The water will thus continue to flow into the
tank until it rises sufficiently in the same to reach the mouth of the steam
through
pipe C¹ and thus cut off communication
again
A
A
the same with the heater
when the flow will cease, but will commence however as soon as the
water level in the tank has been sufficiently lowered to expose the
mouth of the steam pipe C¹. The heater is maintained about two-thirds
full of water so that the heating casing E may be constantly covered, and
thus enable the water to absorb the heat and also remain a sufficient
length of time in the heater to deposit a great proportion of its im-
purities on the bottom of the same. It will be evident that the water

page_text: in
A
will remain the heater long enough to become thoroughly heated and
partially filtered as it is only fed into the tank at intervals and in small
quantities, while at the same time the whole of the exhaust steam of the
engine is passing through the casing E, the water can in fact be heated to
any necessary degree, and the small quantity of cold water entering the
heater at intervals will not be sufficient to cause a perceptible change
in temperature of the large volume of water standing in the reservoir
already heated. The sediment which collects in the bottom of the heater
is prevented from entering the mouth of the pipe C by causing the latter
to enter the heater at a point a little above the bottom of the same.
The above described heater possesses the great advantages over the
ordinary tubular heater, that it is not liable to become choked and
rendered inoperative by grease and sediment, and that it is unaffected by
unequal contraction and expansion.
-
The feed water regulator which it is preferred to use in connection
with the heater is also illustrated in Figure 1, and consists as follows:
At one side of and slightly above the heater is arranged an upright
cylinder or casing H, which communicates with the interior of the said
heater through the pipes hand h¹ at points below, and at the lowest water
level. Within this cylinder is a bucket J hung to one arm of a level K,
the opposite arm of which extends outside of the casing H, and is so
weighted that when the said casing is filled with water it shall over-
come the specific gravity of the bucket, and raise the same to the surface
of the water, as shewn at Figure 1, whilst that when the said casing is
emptied the actual gravity of the bucket J shall be the greatest, and
enable it to descend to the bottom of the casing. The lever K thus
operated is connected to and opens and closes alternately two valves i
and j, one in the steam pipe C¹, communicating with the tank B, and
the other in a pipe L, by which the heater is supplied with cold water,
the said valves i and j being so arranged that when the bucket descends
in consequence of the emptying of the casing H, the valve in the steam
pipe C¹ shall be closed and that in the feed L opened, and vice versa.
The feed pipe has a branch L¹ which extends inside the heater as shewn
in Figure 1, and is perforated with a number of small holes, the said
feed pipe being also provided with a water compressing or condensing
vessel M, and having a check valve at k opening towards the heater to
prevent the pressure from the latter from driving back the water,
pipo
A

page_text: are
The operation of the regulator, is as follows:-When the several
parts in the position shown in Figure 1, the valve in the steam
pipe C¹ is open, and hot water from the heater can pass freely into the
tank B as it is required. When however the water in the heater descends
to a point below the mouth of the pipe h, steam passes through the
latter into the casing H, causing the water to be discharged from the
through
A
said casing into the heater-into- the pipe h¹. This will cause the
bucket J to descend, and consequently close the valve i of the steam pipe,'
wator
and open the valve j of the feed pipe L, when, from the latter will
immediately flow into the heater through the. perforations of the branch
L', the water thus admitted will create a partial vacuum in the heater
by condensing the steam, and will then flow rapidly into the heater
until the latter is filled, the casing H being also filled owing to the
vacuum created therein by condensation of the steam, so that the
bucket J will be raised and the valvej of the feed pipe closed, and that i
of the steam pipe opened. The water vessel M will also be filled before
the closing of the valvej, with water under the same pressure as that in
the feed pipe, this water fast flowing out when the heater has again to
be filled, and by its weight inducing a flow against the steam pressure in
the heater, until such steam has been condensed.
Although it is preferred to use the heater and regulator just described
in connection with the tank B and boilers, it will be evident that heaters
and regulators differently constructed may be employed.
In Figure 4, for instance, is represented a form of open heater in
which the water is raised to the desired temperature by exhaust steam
but in a manner differing from that before described. A represents a
vertical drum or vessel provided with a pipe B extending through and
up from its bottom, as shewn, such pipe receiving the exhaust steam
from a steam engine. Above the top of the pipe the vessel A. is
furnished with a series of projections a, a, to support the deposit
extractor C which is an inverted hollow vessel or cone having a series of
pipes D, D, leading out of and downward from it as shown. There is a
space b¹ around the outer edge of the said extractor, and between such
and the inner periphery of the vessel A; with the deposit extractor so
constructed the exhaust steam on entering the vessel A will impinge
against the bottom of the extractor C and thence flow up around and
over the extractor and the pipe D, by which the feed water that may

page_text: flow into the extractor by a pipe 6 will be discharged into the lower part
of the vessel A. The pipe 6 opens near the bottom of the conical
receiver C, and is to proceed from a tank or other source of supply.
This opening of the discharging end of the pipe b into the lower part of
the receiver C causes the water at a low temperature to be brought in
contact with a part of the receiver which is directly over that on which
the exhaust steam impinges on entering the vessel A. The heated water
rising in the receiver will escape therefrom through the discharge
pipes D. The receiver will be kept nearly filled with water which will
deposit much of its sediment in the same. Such sediment may be
removed as occasion may require through a hand hole in the top of the
vessel A. During its passage through the vessel A and out of an
eduction pipe d in the top thereof the exhaust steam passes over the
surface of the water in the conical receiver C, but will be kept out of
contact therewith by the stratum of air that will gather and remain in
the upper part of such receiver and constitute an elastic cushion
between the steam and the water. The conical receiver having the
pressure equal on its opposite surfaces may be made of a thin and light
material. To prevent the feed water from overflowing into the exhaust
pipe I combine with the vessel A an automatic feed regulator R, by
which power is derived to open and close the valve of a cock q arranged
in the feed pipe b, thereby keeping the water at a constant level in the
vessel A. This automatic feed regulator is substantially the same as
that described in connection with the closed heater D, and will not
therefore require further explanation.
To use the above-described heater in feeding boilers would necessitate
the use of a secondary tank, but simply as a heater; its construction at
once shows its advantages. It is necessary that the water in the feed
pipe communicating with the heater should have sufficient pressure to
enter the latter, but where such pressure is not sufficient a plunger or
steam pump having its valve controlled by the regulator or other
mechanical device by which a pressure can be obtained may be
employed.
The vessel M (Figure 1) may also if sufficiently increased in size be
made to serve as a condenser and reservoir for feed water, and into which
steam from the heater D can be conducted to be condensed, and thus
form a vacuum, into which water will be forced by atmospheric pressure
to be discharged into the heater when the latter needs replenishing.

page_text: When one boiler only is to be supplied with water the tank B may be
dispensed with and the heater be connected directly to the boiler. The
tank might also be dispensed with where several boilers are arranged
together, but it would necessitate the use of a separate regulator for each
boiler to operate two valves, one on the feed pipe of each boiler and the
other in a branch steam pipe leading from each boiler into one main
pipe attached to the heater. Each boiler would also require a separate
alarm. It will be seen therefore that by the use of the tank
or drum B several important advantages in addition to those before
described are attained, such as enabling a number of regulators, pipes,
and alarms to be dispensed with. One alarm attached to the drum will
answer for all the boilers, for should the supply of water be cut off the
alarm would be sounded while the water in the boilers still remained at
a proper level, and while there was still a quantity of feed water in the
drum.
It is not absolutely necessary that the drum B should be arranged
above the boilers, as it could be extended across the ends of the same,
provided only that it was above the water level.
In some cases it may be found desirable to use two regulators H in
connection with the heater, each in turn to operate one valve only. The
regulator constructed substantially as described can also be used as an
independent device for controlling a steam or plunger pump, or for
maintaining water at a given level in a steam boiler, or it may be used
as or in connection with a low water alarm, or be employed as a means
for opening the valve of a steam trap.
The most important advantages of the Invention taken as a whole are
that the boilers are kept constantly filled with water at a uniform level;
that such water is introduced at a temperature nearly as great as that in
the boilers, so that fuel is economised, and the usual unequal expansion
and contraction avoided; also that such water is filtered or settled, and
deprived of the greater portion of its impurities before being introduced
into the boilers.
Figure 5 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a slightly modified
arrangement of the herein-before described feed water heating and
regulating apparatus for steam boilers. The apparatus as modified
consists mainly of three vessels D, H, and M, connected together and
communicating with each other through a series of pipes. The largest

page_text: vessel D, in which the feed water is heated, and from which it is con-
ducted to the boiler communicates with the latter through two pipes C¹
and C, the former of which is a steam pipe, and extends down into the
boiler to a point coinciding with the lowest water level, while the latter
pipe C through which the feed water is conducted enters the said boiler
at any convenient point below the water line. The feed water to be
heated is contained within a chamber D, and is heated by exhaust steam
which enters the vessel through a branch 9, is caused to circulate
through a series of bent tubes d arranged in the water chamber, and
escapes finally through a branch g². The bent circulating tubes d are
secured to the tube plate ď at the bottom of the heater, and are entirely
disconnected from other portions of the apparatus, the whole of the said
tubes being thus permitted to expand and contract freely, and being
therefore not liable to leak at the joints. The whole of the said tubes
together with the plate & can moreover be removed bodily from the
apparatus for purposes of cleaning or repairing, after simply withdrawing
the fastening bolts.
The vessel H which may be termed the regulator or governor of the
apparatus communicates with the interior of the heater D through the
pipes h and h¹, the former of which is provided with a throttle valve e
and extends from near the top of the regulator H to the point in the
side of the heater at which it is desired to establish the lowest water
point'
Λ
level. The other pipe ¹ enters the heater at a point below the h and
communicates with the bottom of the regulator. To the inner arm of a
lever K which has the fulcrum in a stuffing box in the side of the
regulator is suspended a bucket or weight J, which may be made of
sheet metal to be filled with water, or of soapstone, wood, or other
material having greater actual gravity than a weight suspended from
the outer end of the lever, but a much less specific gravity, so that when
the regulator is filled with water, the said weight may predominate
and descend. Two valves i and j, one in the steam pipe C¹ and the
other in a pipe N leading from the heater D have their operating arms
connected to the lever K by a rod m, and are so operated by the said
lever that when the outer end of the latter ascends the valve i shall be
closed, and the valve j then opened, and so that when the lever descends
the operation shall be reversed the valve ; closing prior to the opening
of the valve i. The pipe N enters the heater D at a point coinciding
with about its highest water level, and communicates at its opposite end

page_text: with the top of the vessel. or cold water reservoir M, there being a check
valve p in the said pipe just above its point of junction with the reservoir
and opening towards the latter. The reservoir is supplied with water
through a pipe L furnished with a cheque valve k to prevent back
pressure from the said reservoir, and the latter communicates with the
lower portion of the heater D through a pipe N', in which a check
valve opening towards the heater.
Is
A
The operation of this apparatus is as follows:-Let it be supposed
that a supply of hot water from the heater D has just been fed into the
boiler through the pipe O, and that the water has descended in the said
heater to about the lever shewn in the Drawing, so as to expose the
mouth of the pipe h, as soon as this occurs steam will pass from the heater
Into the regulator H
A
through the said pipe and the pressure in the heater and regulator
being thus equalized the water in the latter will immediately flow out
by its own gravity through the pipe h¹. When the regulator is thus
emptied the bucket or weight J will descend to the bottom of the same,
as its actual gravity is considerably greater than that of the weight i¹ at
the outer end of the lever, and by this movement the latter will be so
turned as to first close the valve i of the steam pipe C¹, and to then open
the valvej of the said pipe N. The opening of the valve j establishes
communication through the two pipes N and N¹ between the heater and
cold water reservoir M, and the pressure being thus equalized the water
will flow from the latter through the pipe N¹ into the heater. The
water will rise in the heater until it reaches a point above the mouth of
the pipe N, when owing to the compression of the steam in the upper
portion of the heater the water will rise through the pipe ¹ towards the
regulator H, and will gradually fill the latter owing to the partial
vacuum produced therein by the condensation of the steam.
regulator fills with water the bucket J will rise, as its specific gravity is
less than the actual gravity of the weight 2, and the valvej will conse
quently be closed, and the valve i in the steam pipe C' will be opened.
The heater having been thus filled, and the valves adjusted as above
described, water will be fed into the boiler through the pipe C whenever
the level in the said boiler is sufficiently low to permit steam to pass
through the pipe C¹ into the heater, and thus equalize the pressure.
the water remains comparatively undisturbed in the heater D, and is only
drawn off in small quantities at a time to feed the boiler, it will become.
thoroughly heated by the exhaust steam passing through the tubes d,
As the
As

page_text: and will also precipitate the greater portion of its impurities upon the
bottom of the heater, before being drawn off. The said heater should
therefore be provided near the bottom with a blow-off cock, through
which such impurities can be discharged from time to time. The cold
water reservoir M, which, when emptied, is filled with steam from the
pipe N will be again filled with cold water, owing to the partial vacuum
steam
produced by the condensation of this before another supply is needed
by the heater. The combination of the steam pipe N and feed pipe N¹
with the reservoir M enables the steam to be admitted into the said
reservoir above the water, and the latter consequently to be quickly
discharged. The throttle valve e in the pipe h is intended as a means of
retarding the passage of steam from the heater into the regulator when
it is desired that the latter shall empty very slowly, and thus retard the
operation of the valves in order to permit the water in the heater to
descend to a lower level than that shown in the Drawing.
As a slight modification of this Invention may be mentioned, the fact
that instead of the check valve in the pipe N¹ a valve similar to the
valve j, and operated simultaneously with the latter by an extension of
the rod m, might be employed, but the check valve will in most cases
be found to answer effectually as a means of preventing back pressure
from the heater.
It has been found by practical experiment that the apparatus operates
so uniformly that a counter can be attached to one of the valves to
indicate how often it has been turned in a given time, from which can
be calculated very nearly the quantity of water evaporated by the boiler
in the same time.
If desired, this apparatus may be combined with a supplying or
filtering tank, attached to two or more boilers.
which
A
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
the said Invention, and in the manner in the same is or may be
used or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The combination, substantially as herein described, of a feed
water tank or drum B with two or more
steam bollers.
A

page_text: Secondly. The combination, substantially as herein described, of the
tank or drum B with any suitable heating apparatus, by which the feed
water may be heated before it is discharged into the said tank.
Thirdly. The heater, with its steam and discharge pipes g and g¹,
and
interior casing E or tubes d, adapted for the reception, circulation, and
discharge of exhaust steam, substantially as herein described.
Fourthly. The combination with the heater D of the feed pipe L and
its perforated branch L', all substantially as specified.
Fifthly. The combination with the said heater and feed pipe of a con-
densing or compressing vessel M or cold water reservoir.
Sixthly. The within described regulator H consisting of a vessel
furnished with steam and water pipes, and having within it a float or
bucket J hung to a lever K, to the opposite arm of which is also hung
a weight which will elevate the said float or bucket when the vessel is
filled with water, but permit the said bucket to descend when the vessel
is emptied, all substautially as and for the purposes specified.
.
Seventhly. The combination with the heater D of a regulator or
regulators H connected to and arranged to operate the valves of the
steam pipe C¹ and feed pipe L, substantially in the manner described.
Eighthly. The open heater A with its conical deposit extractor C,
tubes D, steam pipes B, d, feed pipe b, and discharge pipe, the whole being
constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Ninthly. The combination with the said open heater A of a regulator
R, constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
Tenthly. The peculiar combination and arrangement of feed water,
heating, and regulating apparatus for steam boilers, as herein-before
described and illustrated by Figure 5 of the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have here-
unto sot
MT
hand onl
this Tzonte ninth day of
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)

page_text: To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named John Henry
Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification
to which the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and Memoran-
dum of Alteration.
Dated this 17th day of June 1874.
JOHN HOLKER,
Solicitor-General.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, PURIFYING, AND REGULATING
THE SUPPLY OF FEED WATER TO STEAM GENERATORS."-A communication
from abroad by Robert Berryman, Hartford, State of Connecticut,
United States of America.
Sealed the 5th January 1872, and dated the 23rd August 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,.
on the 23rd August 1871.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
5 of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, PURIFYING, AND
REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF FEED WATER TO STEAM GENERATORS," a commu-

page_text: nication to me from abroad by Robert Berryman, of Hartford, State of
Connecticut, United States of America, to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to certain self-acting apparatus to be used in
connection with steam generators for the purpose of keeping them
constantly supplied with water at an uniform level, such feed water
being introduced at a temperature nearly as elevated as that in the
boilers, and being freed from a great portion of its impurities by reason
of the deposit therein having been allowed to settle before the water
enters the boilers.
According to this Invention it is proposed to combine a feed water
tank or drum with two or more steam generators, the said tank or drum
being closed and situate above the proper water level of the boilers.
The connection between the tank or drum and each generator (the
said tank or drum being common to all whatever may be the number
of boilers) is effected by means of 2 pipes, one of which opens at
its upper end into the top of the tank or drum, and at its lower end
dips into the boiler to a depth corresponding to the proper water line,
whilst the other pipe opens at its upper end into the bottom of the
tank or drum, being however raised sufficiently above the bottom to
prevent any deposit which settles in the tank or drum entering the
said pipe, which pipe dips at its lower end nearly to the bottom of the
boiler. A check valve in this pipe prevents the back pressure from
the boiler being exerted on the water in the tank. In combination
with this tank any suitable or well known feed heater may be used,
but it is preferred to employ therewith the peculiar heater and regulator
connected therewith herein-after described, the object being to heat the
feed water before it is discharged into the said tank or drum, and to
regulate the supply of the same.
The improved heater, according to one modification, consists of a
closed vessel provided with an inner chamber, having a partition or
vertical diaphragm therein for admitting of the entrance and exit of
exhaust steam from an engine or other waste steam by pipes for that
purpose, the heat from the steam being communicated to the water in
the heater surrounding and covering the said inner case or steam
chamber. A pipe opens into the heater a little above the bottom
thereof, so as to be above the level of the deposit or sediment therein,
and connects the water space of the heater with the lower portion of
the tank or drum, this pipe being provided with a check valve opening

page_text: downwards. A second pipe connects the upper portion of the heater
which is above the water line with the upper or steam space of the
tank or drum, this pipe being fitted with a stop valve worked by a
weighted lever and float in a vessel called the regulator. The heater
is fed with cold water by a pipe provided with a check valve opening
inwards, which pipe communicates with the interior of the heater
through a perforated branch pipe, and is provided with a cock also
worked by the weighted lever and float of the regulator herein-before
referred to.. A condensing or compressing vessel is combined with the
heater and feed pipe, and has free communication with both. The
regulator herein-before referred to consists of a vessel, furnished with
steam and water pipes. The steam pipe connects the top of the
regulator with the heater a little below the proper water level therein,
and the water pipe connects. the bottom of the regulator with the lower
portion of the heater. Within the regulator is a float connected to one
end of a lever which is weighted at the opposite end, where it is also
connected to the feed cock for supplying the heater, and to the steam
cock in the pipe which connects the upper part of the heater to the
upper part of the tank or drum as herein-before stated. The said
float rises and falls as the regulator fills and empties, and thus opens
and shuts the cocks in connection therewith. In lieu of a closed heater
an open heater may be used, provided with a special deposit collector
or extractor which consists of a conical vessel placed near the top of
the heater and almost filling the superficial area thereof, a space being
left all round between the extractor and the inner sides of the heater.
Tubes opening through the inclined sides of the extractor extend nearly
to the bottom of the heater, and serve to allow the feed water to enter
the heater after the mud or deposit has settled in the central or deepest
part of the extractor, the said feed water being supplied to the ex-
tractor by a pipe and cock for the purpose. The cock being opened
and closed by a float and weighted lever in a regulator connected with
the heater in a similar manner to that herein-before described. The
water in the heater is heated by exhaust or waste steam entering therein
by a central pipe passing up through the bottom and reaching above
the water level in the heater, the said steam passing round the edges.
of the extractor and escaping by an exit pipe at the top.

page_text: SPECIFICATION în pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd February 1872.
TO ALL. TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
35th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special
license that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, PURIFYING, AND REGULATING THE
SUPPLY OF FEED WATER TO STEAM GENERATORS," a communication to me from
abroad by Robert Berryman, of Hartford, State of Connecticut, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Henry Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
'and ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
دا
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
Bay-
The said Invention relates to certain peculiar self-acting apparatus

page_text: keeping them constantly supplied with water at an uniform level, such
feed water being introduced at a temperature nearly as elevated as that
in the boilers, and being freed from a great portion of its impurities
by reason of the deposit therein having been allowed to settle before the
water enters the boilers.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corre-
sponding Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings is a vertical sectional view of the com-
plete feed water heating, filtering, and regulating apparatus for steam
generators.
Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of the heater alone taken
along the line 1, 2, in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of one of
the boilers and a part of the apparatus taken along the line 3, 4, in
Figure 1.
· And Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of another form of heater which
may be used in connection with the apparatus.
A, A, A, represent a series of boilers, of which there are six in
the present instance. Extending transversely across the top of these
boilers, adjacent to one end of the same, is a horizontal tank or drum
B, kept constantly filled with hot water by a pipe C, as hereafter
described, and communicating with the interior of each boiler through
two pipes a and a¹. Each of the pipes a extends from the bottom of the
tank B. to the point at which it is desired to feed the water into the
boiler, and is furnished with a check valve at c, opening downwards
so as to prevent back pressure from the boiler, and each of the pipes a'
extends from the top of the tank through the shell of the boiler to
whatever point it is desired to make the feeding line, or what may be
termed the true water level of the boilers. The feed pipes a all extend
upwards into the supply tank to a point sufficient above the bottom
of the same to enable deposits and sediment to collect and remain upon
the bottom of the tank below the mouths or openings of the said
:pipes.

page_text: The tank is provided at one end with a blow-off cock d, and has
also man-hole plates which can be removed when it is desired to obtain
access to the interior of the tank for the purpose of removing deposits.
The operation of the tank in feeding water into the boilers is as
follows: When the water in any boiler evaporates sufficiently to permit
steam to enter the mouth of the pipe a', such steam will immediately
pass up into the tank, and by acting upon the surface of the hot water
in the same will equalize the pressure in the boiler and tank, so that
the water will immediately flow from the tank by its own gravity.
through the pipe a into the boiler, the flow only ceasing when the
water has been raised in the boiler to a point above the mouth of the
pipe a¹, thereby cutting off the steam from the tank. The supply of
the water will thus remain cut off until evaporation again reduces the
water level in the boiler and permits steam to again enter the pipe a¹,
when the above operation will be repeated until the boiler has been
again filled to the proper level. In this way a single boiler or all of the
boilers simultaneously may be supplied with water from the tank, the
water in all of the boilers being maintained at an uniform level, even
where there is an unequal evaporation as there is a free communica-
tion and circulation between all of the boilers and the tank, and an
equalization of pressure whenever water is to be supplied to the boilers.
The hot water which is fed into the boilers is entirely free from
sediment and impurities, which are deposited or settled upon the bottom
of the tank before the water is fed into the boilers, this settling or
precipitating of the process being considerably facilitated by the direct
contact of the steam and hot water from the boiler with the water in
the tank. The deposits upon the bottom of the tank are prevented
as before described from passing into the boiler by slightly elevating
the mouths of the feed pipes a above the bottom of the said tank.
The apparatus which it is preferred to employ for heating the water
to be fed to the tank B is shewn in Figures 1 and 2, and consists of
a casing D, elevated above the tank and communicating with the same
through the pipes C and C¹. The pipe C through which the water is
fed to the tank extends from the bottom of the tank, and is provided
with a check valve at e opening downwards in order to prevent water
from being forced back into the heater from the tank. The pipe C¹
through which steam is conducted from the tank to the heater in order
to equalize the pressure in both extends from the top of the said tank

page_text: to a point close to the top of the heater. Within and secured to the
bottom of the heater there is a cone-shaped casing E (Figure 2) having
a central partition f, extending nearly to the top of the same, and internal
braces to prevent it from collapsing by the steam pressure in the
heater. The water within the heater or casing D and surrounding the
casing E is thoroughly heated before being fed to the tank B by contact
with the exterior of the said casing E into which the exhaust steam
of an engine is introduced by a pipe g, and from which it is discharged
after rising to the top of the same and passing over the partition f
through a pipe.g¹
The operation of the heater in its simplest form, and supposing it
to be constantly supplied with cold water by any suitable means, is as
follows: When the water falls in the tank B, in consequence of
feeding into the boilers, and exposes the end of the pipe C¹ steam
from the tank will rise through the said pipe into the heater, and
thus equalize the pressure and permit the hot water to flow out of the
heater through the pipe C into the tank. The water will thus continue
to flow into the tank until it rises sufficiently in the same to reach the
mouth of the steam pipe C', and thus cut off communication through
the same with the heater, when the flow will cease, but will again
commence, however, as soon as the water level in the tank has been
sufficiently lowered to expose the mouth of the steam pipe C². The
heater is maintained about two-thirds full of water, so that the heating
casing E may be constantly covered and thus enable the water to absorb
the heat, and also remain a sufficient length of time in the heater to
deposit a great proportion of its impurities on the bottom of the same.
It will be evident that the water will remain in the heater long enough
to become thoroughly heated and partially filtered, as it is only fed
into the tank at intervals and in small quantities, while at the same
time the whole of the exhaust steam of the engine is passing through
the casing E. The water can in fact be heated to any necessary degree,
and the small quantity of cold water entering the heater at intervals
will not be sufficient to cause a perceptible change in temperature of
the large volume of water standing in the reservoir already heated.
The sediment which collects in the bottom of the heater is prevented.
from entering the mouth of the pipe C by causing the latter to enter
the heater at a point a little above the bottom of the same.

page_text: The above described heater possesses the great advantages over the
ordinary tubular heater, that it is not liable to become choked and
rendered inoperative by grease and sediment, and that it is unaffected
by unequal contraction and expansion.
The feed water regulator which it is preferred to use in connection
with the heater is also illustrated in Figure 1, and consists as follows:-
At one side of and slightly above the heater is arranged an upright
cylinder or casing H, which communicates with the interior of the said
heater through the pipes h and h¹ at points below and at the lowest
water level. Within this cylinder is a bucket J hung to one arm of
a lever K, the opposite arm of which extends outside of the casing H,
and is so weighted that when the said casing is filled with water it
shall overcome the specific gravity of the bucket and raise the same
to the surface of the water, as shewn at Figure 1, whilst that when
the said casing is empted the actual gravity of the bucket J shall be
the greatest, and enable it to descend to the bottom of the casing.
The lever K thus operated is connected to and opens and closes alter-
nately two valves i and j, one in the steam pipe C¹ communicating with
the tank B, and the other in a pipe L, by which the heater is supplied
with cold water, the said valves i and j being so arranged that when
the bucket descends, in consequence of the emptying of the casing H,
the valve in the steam pipe C₁ shall be closed and that in the feed pipe
L opened, and vice versa. The feed pipe has a branch L' which extends
inside the heater, as shewn in Figure 1, and is perforated with a number
of small holes, the said feed pipe being also provided with a water
compressing or condensing vessel M, and having a check valve at k,
opening towards the heater to prevent the pressure from the latter
from driving back the water..
The operation of the regulator is as follows:-When the several
parts are in the position shewn in Figure 1 the valve i in the steam
pipe C¹ is open, and hot water from the heater can pass freely into the
tank B as it is required. When however the water in the heater
descends to a point below the mouth of the pipe h steam passes through
the latter into the casing H, causing the water, to be discharged from
the said casing into the heater through the pipe h¹. This will cause
the bucket J to descend, and consequently close the valve i of the steam
pipe, and open the valve j of the feed pipe L, when water from the

page_text: latter will immediately flow into the heater through the perforations
of the branch L'. The water thus admitted will create a partial vacuum
in the heater by condensing the steam, and will then flow rapidly into
the heater until the latter is filled; the casing H being also filled owing
to the vacuum created therein by condensation of the steam, so that
the bucket J will be raised, and the valve; of the feed pipe closed, and
that of the steam pipe opened. The water vessel M will also be filled
before the closing of the valve j with water under the same pressure
as that in the feed pipe, this water fast flowing out when the heater
has again to be filled, and by its weight inducing a flow against the
steam pressure in the heater until such steam has been condensed.
Although it is preferred to use the heater and regulator just described
in connection with the tank B and boilers, it will be evident that
heaters and regulators differently constructed may be employed. In
Figure 4, for instance, is represented a form of open heater in which
the water is raised to the desired temperature by exhaust steam, but
in a manner differing from that before described. A represents a
vertical drum or vessel provided with a pipe B extending through
and up from its bottom as shewn, such pipe receiving the exhaust
steam from a steam engine. Above the top of the pipe the vessel A
is furnished with a series of projections a, a, to support the deposit
extractor C, which is an inverted hollow vessel or cone, having a series
of pipes D, D, leading out of and downward from it, as shewn. There
is a space b¹ around the outer edge of the said extractor, and between
such and the inner periphery of the vessel A. With the deposit ex-
tractor so constructed the exhaust steam on entering the vessel A will
impinge against the bottom of the extractor C, and thence flow up
around and over the extractor and the pipe D, by which the feed water
that may flow into the extractor by a pipe b will be discharged into
the lower part of the vessel A. The pipe 6 opens near the bottom
of the conical receiver C, and is to proceed from a tank or other
source of supply. This opening of the discharging end of the pipe b
into the lower part of the receiver C causes the water at a low tem-
perature to be brought in contact with a part of. the receiver which is,
directly over that on which the exhaust steam impinges on entering the
vessel A. The heated water rising in the receiver will escape therefrom
through the discharge pipes D. The receiver will be kept nearly filled.
with water, which will deposit much of its sediment in the same.
Such

page_text: sediment may be removed, as occasion may require through a hand hole
in the top of the vessel A. During its passage through the vessel A, and
out of an eduction pipe din the top thereof, the exhaust steam passes over
the surface of the water in the conical receiver C, but will be kept out of
contact therewith by the stratum of air that will gather and remain
in the upper part of such receiver, and constitute an elastic cushion
between the steam and the water. The conical receiver, having the
pressure equal on its opposite surfaces, may be made of a thin and
light material. To prevent the feed water from overflowing into the
exhaust pipe I combine with the vessel A an automatic feed regulator
R, by which power is derived to open and close the valve of a cock q
arranged in the feed pipe b, thereby keeping the water at a constant
level in the vessel A. This automatic feed regulator is substantially
the same as that described in connection with the closed heater D, and
will not therefore require further explanation.
To use the above described heater in feeding boilers would necessitato
the use of a secondary tank, but simply as a heater its construction at
once shews its advantages. It is necessary that the water in the feed pipo
communicating with the heater should have sufficient pressure to enter
the latter, but where such pressure is not sufficient a plunger or steam
pump, having its valve controlled by the regulator or other mechanical
device by which a pressure can be obtained may be employed. The
vessel M (Figure 1) may also, if sufficiently increased in size, be made
to serve as a condenser and reservoir for feed water, and into which
steam from the heater D can be conducted to be condensed, and thus
form a vacuum into which water will be forced by atmosphere pressure,
to be discharged into the heater when the latter needs replenishing.
When one boiler only is to be supplied with water the tank B may be
dispensed with, and the heater be connected directly to the boiler.
The tank might also be dispensed with where several boilers are arranged
together, but it would necessitate the use of a separate regulator for
each boiler to operate two valves, one on the feed pipe of each boiler,
and the other in a branch steam pipe leading from each boiler into
one main pipe attached to the heater. Each boiler would also require
a separate alarm. It will be seen therefore that by the use of the tank
or drum B several important advantages in addition to those before
described are attained, such as enabling a number of regulators, pipes,
and alarms to be dispensed with. One alarm attached to the drum

page_text: will answer for all the boilers, for should the supply of water be cut
off the alarm would be sounded while the water in the boilers still
remained at a proper level, and while there was still a quantity of feed
water in the drum. It is not absolutely necessary that the drum B
should be arranged above the boilers, as it could be extended across
the ends of the same, provided only that it was above the water level.
In some cases it may be found desirable to use two regulators H
in connection with the heater, each in turn to operate one valve only.
The regulator constructed substantially as described can also be used
as an independent device for controlling a steam or plunger pump, or
for maintaining water at a given level in a steam boiler, or it may be
used as or in connection with a low water alarm, or be employed as a
means for opening the valve of a steam trap.
The most important advantages of the Invention taken as a whole
are, that the boilers are kept constantly filled with water at a uniform
level, that such water is introduced at a temperature nearly as great
as that in the boilers, so that fuel is economised and the usual unequal
expansion and contraction avoided, also that such water is filtered or
settled and deprived of the greater portion of its impurities before being
introduced into the boilers.
Figure 5 is a side elevation partly in section of a slightly modified
arrangement of the herein-before described feed water heating and
regulating apparatus for steam boilers. The apparatus as modified
consists mainly of three vessels D, H, and M, connected together and
communicating with each other through a series of pipes. The largest
. vessel D in which the feed water is heated and from which it is con-
ducted to the boiler communicates with the latter through two pipes
C and C, the former of which is a steam pipe and extends down into
the boiler to a point coinciding with the lowest water level, while the
latter pipe C, through which the feed water is conducted, enters the
said boiler at any convenient point below the water line. The feed
water to be heated is contained within a chamber D, and is heated
by exhaust steam, which enters the vessel through a branch g, is caused
to circulate through a series of bent tubes d arranged in the water
chamber, and escapes finally through a branch g¹. The bent circulating
tubes & are secured to the tube plate ď¹ at the bottom of the heater, and
are entirely disconnected from other portions of the apparatus; the whole
of the said tubes being thus permitted to expand and contract freely,

page_text: and being therefore not liable to leak at the joints. The whole of the
said tubes together with the plate d' can moreover be removed bodily
from the apparatus for purposes of cleaning or repairing after simply
withdrawing the fastening bolts. The vessel H, which may be termed
the regulator or governor of the apparatus, communicates with the
interior of the heater D through the pipes h and h³, the former of
which is provided with a throttle valve e, and extends from near the
top of the regulator H to the point in the side of the heater at which it
is desired to establish the lowest water level. The other pipes /¹ enters
the heater at a point below the point h and communicates with the
bottom of the regulator. To the inner arm of a lever K, which has
the fulcrum in a stuffing box in the side of the regulator, is suspended
a bucket or weight J, which may be made of sheet metal to be filled
with water, or of a soapstone, wood, or other material having greater
actual gravity than a weight i suspended from the outer end of the
lever, but a much less specific gravity, so that when the regulator is
filled with water the said weight may predominate and descend.
Two valves i and j, one in the steam pipe C¹ and the other in a pipe
N leading from the heater D, have their operating arms connected to
the lever K by a rod m, and are so operated by the said lever that when
the outer end of the latter ascends the valve i shall be closed and the
valve j then opened, and so that when the lever descends the operation
shall be reversed, the valvej closing prior to the opening of the valve i.
The pipe N enters the heater D at a point coinciding with about its
highest water level, and communicates at its opposite end with the top
of the vessel or cold water reservoir M, there being a check valve p
in the said pipe just above its point of junction with the reservoir and
opening towards the latter. The reservoir is supplied with water
through a pipe L, furnished with a check valve k to prevent back
pressure from the said reservoir, and the latter communicates with
the lower portion of the heater D through a pipe N', in which a check
valve opening towards the heater.
-Let it be supposed
The operation of this appartus is as follows :—-
that a supply of hot water from the heater D has just been fed into
the boiler through the pipe C, and that the water has descended in the
said.heater to about the level shewn in the Drawing so as to expose the
mouth of the pipe h. As soon as this occurs steam will pass from the
heater through the said pipe h into the regulator H, and the pressure

page_text: in the heater and regulator being thus equalized the water in the latter
will immediately flow out by its own gravity through the pipe h¹. When
the regulator is thus emptied the bucket or weight J will descend to
the bottom of the same, as its actual gravity is considerably greater than
that of the weight at the outer end of the lever, and by this move-
ment the latter will be so turned as to first close the valve i of the steam
pipe C¹, and to then open the valve j of the said pipe N. The opening
of the valve j establishes communication through the two pipes N and
N¹ between the heater and cold water reservoir M, and the pressure
being thus equalized the water will flow from the latter through the
pipe N¹ into the heater. The water will rise in the heater until it
reaches a point above the mouth of the pipe N, when, owing to the
compression of the steam in the upper portion of the heater, the water
will rise through the pipe h¹ towards the regulator H; and will gradually
fill the latter, owing to the partial vacuum produced therein by the
condensation of the steam. As the regulator fills with water the
bucket J will rise, as its specific gravity is less than the actual gravity
of the weight, and the valve j will consequently be closed, and the
valve i in the steam pipe C¹ will be opened. The heater having been
thus filled and the valves adjusted as above described water will be fed
into the boiler through the pipe C whenever the level in the said boiler
is sufficiently low to permit steam to pass through the pipe C¹ into
the heater, and thus equalize the pressure. As the water remains
comparatively undisturbed in the heater D and is only drawn off in
small quantities at a time to feed the boiler, it will become thoroughly
heated by the exhaust steam passing through the tubes d, and will
also precipitate the greater portion of its impurities upon the bottom
of the heater before being drawn off. The said heater should therefore
be provided near the bottom with a blow-off cock, through which such
impurities can be discharged from time to time. The cold water
reservoir M, which when emptied. is filled with steam from the pipe N,
will be again filled with cold water, owing to the partial vacuum
produced by the condensation of this steam before another supply is
needed by the heater. The combination of the steam pipe N and feed
pipe N¹ with the reservoir M enables the steam to be admitted into
the said reservoir above the water, and the latter consequently to be
quickly discharged. The throttle valve e in the pipe h is intended as
a means of retarding the passage of steam from the heater into the
regulator, when it is desired that the latter shall empty very slowly,

page_text: and thus retard the operation of the valves in order to permit the water
in the heater to descend to a lower level than that shewn in the
Drawing.
As a slight modification of this Invention may be mentioned the
fact that instead of the check valve r in the pipe N¹ a valve similar to
the valve j and operated simultaneously with the latter by an extension
of the rod m might be employed, but the check valver will in most cases
be found to answer effectually as a means of preventing back pressure
from the heater.
It has been found by practical experiment that the apparatus operates
so uniformly that a counter can be attached to one of the valves to
indicate how often it has been turned in a given time, from which can
be calculated very nearly the quantity of water evaporated by the boiler
in the same time.
If desired this apparatus may be combined with a supplying or
filtering tank attached to two or more boilers.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The combination substantially as herein described of a feed
water tank or drum B with two or more steam boilers.
Secondly. The use of the said tank or drum B so combined with the
two pipes a and a¹ for establishing communication with each boiler, a
that the said tank may be used as a filtering or settling vessel for the
feed water without risk of discharging the deposits from the bottom of
the same into either of the said pipes.
Thirdly. The combination substantially as herein described of the
tank or drum B with any suitable heating apparatus, by which the a
feed water may be heated before it is discharged into the said tank.
Fourthly. The heater with its steam and discharge pipes C¹ and C,
and interior casing E or tubes d, adapted for the reception, circulation,
and discharge of exhaust steam, substantially as herein described.
Fifthly. The combination with the heater D of the feed pipe L and a
its perforated branch L', all substantially as specified.

page_text: Sixthly. The combination with the said heater and feed pipe of a
condensing or compressing vessel M or cold water reservoir.
Seventhly. The within described regulator H consisting of a vessel
furnished with steam and water pipes, and having within it a float or
bucket J hung to a lever K, to the opposite arm of which is also hung
a weight which will elevate the said float or brucket when the vessel is
filled with water, but permit the said bucket to descend when the vessel
is emptied, all substantially as and for the purposes specified.
Eighthly. The combination with the heater D of a regulator or
regulators H connected to and arranged to operate the valves of the
steam pipe C¹ and feed pipe L, substantially in the manner described.
Ninthly. The open heater A with its conical deposit extractor C,
tubes D, steam pipes B, d, feed pipe b, and discharge pipe, the whole
being constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
Tenthly. The combination with the said open heater A of a regu-
lator R constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
Eleventhly. The peculiar combination and arrangement of feed water
heating and regulating apparatus for steam boilers, as herein-before
described and illustrated by Figure 5 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day
of February One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
J. HENKY JOHNSON. (L.S.