IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RIVETS, BOLTS, METAL COVERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES PRODUCED BY STAMPING
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brower, of 89, Ohancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RIVETS, BOLTS,
METAL COVERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES PRODUCED BY STAMPING."—A com-
munication from abroad by Jules Armand Le Blanc and Auguste
Jean Vincent, both of Paris, France, Mechanical Engineers.
Scaled the 28th March 1873, and dated the 3rd October 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brewer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd October 1872.
I, EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF RIVETS, BOLTs, Metal Covers, AND OTHER ARTICLES PRODUCED BY STAMPING,"
(a communication to me from abroad by Jules Armand Le Blanc and
Auguste Jean Vincent, both of Paris, France, Mechanical Engineers),
Las follows.

page_text: giving pressure by a vertically moving nut or block, all as hercafter
described. The object attained by the employment of this mechanical
means is of the greatest importance, because it can be used with material
advantage in place of the different kinds of balance levers and cutters
now used in different factorys, and especially in the manufacture of
rivets, bolts, and metal covers, where the screw rises and falls by the
action of a balance or fly wheel to produce the stamp or blow.
The improvements will in the first place be described with particular
reference to machinery for making rivets and bolts; the second part
will describe it with particular reference to the manufacture of metal
covers, although the machinery is applicable to the manufacture of any
articles to which fly presses or other stamping instruments are or may
be used.
The machinery for making rivets and bolts, according to this Invention,
differs essentially from the friction machine now in use for several years
past, for in the first place an alternate rotary motion of the screw is used
instead of an alternate rectilinear motion as heretofore. Bevil pulleys
are used instead of the plates, a vertically moving nut or block is used
instead of a fixed nut, and the stroke for the pressing is limited by a
regulator, thereby obviating the necessity of using the hand to the lever
for starting the machine, thus limiting the duration of the points of
contact of the bevil pulleys with the balance wheel in order to regulate
the force or power of the stamp. The nut of the screw works up and
down in guides formed in the framing, in which collar bearings or
brushes are also formed for the upper and lower part of the screw
spindle to revolve in, the bottom pivot resting by preference on a
hardened steel disc; an arm fixed to the sliding block or nut forms a
socket for the regulating rod to work in; the latter has adjustable stops
for regulating the stroke or lift; the regulating rod is at its lower end
jointed to a hand lever having its fulcrum in or on the frame; between
the latter and the joint for the regulating rod is jointed another rod
which passes up through a socket which is pivotted in the forked ends of
one arm of a bell-crank lever, the other arm of which abuts against one
end of the driving shaft, the aforesaid rod passing through the pivotted
socket projects beyond the same, and has a spiral spring resting on the
pivotted socket, another socket resting on the spiral spring, which can be
more or less compressed between the two sockets by means of a nut and
check nut on the end of the rod. The other end of the driving shaft

page_text: abuts against one arm of a bell-crank lever; the other arm being
weighted by counterweight or spring, the screw is moved one way or
the other by a conical pulley fixed on driving shaft on one side or the
other being pressed against, and thus communicating revolving motion
to the balance wheel on the screw spindle. The weight of the nut or
block and parts suspended therefrom is counterbalanced by an arrange-
ment of levers and counterweights. From the nut or block is suspended
a staple, which carries a block moving in guides formed in the frame
end, this block carries the matrix ferrule which is fixed in its place by
wedge-shaped centering pieces. A rod is fixed underneath the bolt for
pushing up the rod or other material to be stamped, fitted with flexible
collars or other springs, but in such a way that a great force would shear
off the pin with which it is fixed. The upper die is fixed in the frame
directly under the step for the screw spindle and over the matrix ferrule
or die. The stamped rivet. or bolt is pushed up automatically by a joint
lever arrangement.
The movements and operations of the machine are as follows:-The
wedge picces and the arrangement of the machine afford a sure and easy
means to centre the die before receiving the iron intended to be con-
verted into rivets; the machine is put in motion by pressing lightly on
the hand lever as soon as the angle pulley next to the regulator bell
crank will press on the balance and turn the screw which causes the nut.
block to ascend; this block being in a piece with or connected to the
staple for the matrix carrier block and matrix, the latter comes up
against the fixed die and compresses the iron placed on the lower die
and forming a head of a rivet having the shape of the upper die. This
operation done, the regulator will take the place of the hand of the
workman, consequently the distance travelled by the regulator rod, the
course of which from top to bottom has been previously limited by the
regulating nuts and by the compression of the spring by the tightening
of the upper nuts on the other rod, the machine stops itself; then the
driving shaft being acted on by the counterweight on the other bell
crank will start off immediately in the opposite direction until the stops
of the regulator rod shall change the motion into the contrary direction,
and thus continue the alternate motion.
The automatic movement of the regulator to turn the screw and its
balance to the right and left can be done by the hand, and can be
regulated with the greatest ease by pressing or raising the hand lever.

page_text: The workman then has no trouble in operating the machine, neither is
there any trouble to drive the rivets from the bottom die of the matrix,
since this operation is done mechanically, his only work being to place
the pieces of metal intended to be compressed into the dic.
From this it will be understood that this machine has a variable {
motion, that is to say, it gives the operator the power of regulating the
desent of the bolt carrying the matrix for very minute distances only,
and there is nothing to do to confuse him, and by varying the abutting
washers of the regulator, varying operations may be performed as they
present themselves throughout the length of the screw. The regulator
of this machine counteracts or obviates any inattention of the workman,
so that no part of the machine can be broken, because the ends of the
lower pin will be cut off by any extra force applied thereto. On the
other hand the limited compression of the upper spring of the rod of the
regulator does not allow of a pressure greater than that of its own. 1
strength, and the driving band will slip with any undue strain.
The machine for stamping covers and other articles is constructed
essentially as the foregoing, but the regulator is somewhat different, for
the hand lever in the preceding arrangement another lever is employed
which is connected to the regulator bell crank by a plain jointed rod :
instead of the rod with spiral spring and sockets, but the extreme end of
the said lever is connected to a regulating rod, the upper end of which is
fitted with socket and spiral spring, the bottom end of which is hinged
to a treadle, and which is fitted with adjustable washers, which coming
in contact with stops in connection with the nut block and the frame
limit the stroke of the nut block, and reverse the motion. The screw
spindle has a hollow washer or socket fixed to it. This socket contains
washers of flexible material, which on coming in contact with the
descending nut block act as a spring cushion.
The motion and oporation of this machine is as follows:-As for the
rivetting machine so this machine is put in motion by causing the
regulator to start, and for this purpose instead of applying the hand to
the lever the foot is placed on the treadle with the object of leaving
both the hands of the workman free, for in the manufacture of covers,
for example, the two hands are useful to hold and to present the picces
to the action of the machine.

page_text: The regulator works as the rivetting machine, its action need not
therefore be repeated here, it will be enough to say that the shock of
the blow caused by the rotation of the screw and balance is resisted by
an elastic break represented by the hollow washer fixed and keyed on
the screw.
This washer contains, as previously described, caoutchouc
rings, the effect of which will be to check or arrest the motion of the
balance towards the end of its course to assist reascent.
Before finishing the description of this Invention it should be added
that it is intended to make mechanical apparatus of the same kind as
those described, although the blow may be made from top to bottom,
that is to say, the screw may turn one way or the other, and the nut
may ascend or descend so as not to have to stop in the manufacture of the
pieces where rapidity is desired, as in the manufacture of hooks, or
cutting and stamping different articles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
GRIFFITH BREWER, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Griffith Brower, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Griffith
Brewer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RIVETS, BOLTS, METAL
COVERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES PRODUCED BY STAMPING," (a communication to

page_text: me from abroad by Jules Armand Le Blanc and Auguste Jean Vincent,
both of Paris, France, Mechanical Engineers, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patont
Office within six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, do 1
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon,
that is to say:-
This Invention consists in the combination of new or improved
mechanical movements regulated by a screw turning on a pivot, and
giving pressure by a vertically moving nut or block, all as hereafter
described. The object attained by the employment of this mechanical
means is of the greatest importance, because it can be used with
material advantage in place of the different kinds of balance levers and
cutters now used in different factories, and especially in the manufacture
of rivets, bolts, nuts, coins, medals, metal covers, and various other
articles where the screw rises and falls by the action of a balance or fly
wheel to produce the stamp or blow.
The improvements in these machines, the subject of this Invention, are
shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
]
No. 1 shews a machine designed for the manufacture of rivets, stays,
and bolts used in boiler and other factories. The other, No. 2, shews a
machine constructed ou analogous principles, but intended for the manu- ;
facture of metal covers or other articles produced by stamping. These
two Drawings are given as examples only of the manner in which the
Invention may be carried into effect; the right is reserved of applying
these machines to the manufacture of articles of any kind to which fly
presses, beam presses, or other stamping instruments are or may be :
applied.

page_text: Description of the machine for manufacturing rivets, bolts, nuts, and
other analogous articles shewn in the Drawing No. 1.-This machine
differs essentially from the friction machine now in use for several years
past, for in the first place an alternate rotary motion of the screw is used
instead of an alternate rectilinear motion as heretofore.
Bevil pulleys are used instead of the plates; a vertically moving nut or
block is used instead of a fixed nut; and the stroke for the pressing is
limited by a regulator, thereby obviating the necessity of using the hand
to the lever for starting the machine, thus limiting the duration of the
1 points of contact of the bevil pulleys with the balance wheel in order to
regulate the force or power of the stamp.
DESCRIPTION.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section
Figure 5 is a horizontal section
Figure 6 is a vertical section and a
Figure 1 is an elevation of the whole machine; Figure 2 is a side
view; Figure 3. is a vertical section;
through the line A, B, of Figure 2.
through the line C, D, of Figure 1.
view in plan of the head of the regulator. Similar letters of reference
refer to like parts in all the Figures.
:
a, body of the frame of the machine; 6, balance wheel fixed to the
vertical screw; c and c³, two bevil pulleys fixed on the shaft e; d, pulley
carrying the driving strap; e, shaft, free to turn in the bearings of the
standards or brackets i; p; screw with one or several threads pivoted'on
a tempered steel bed; sand. k, bushes in which the screw p. turns;
j, washer for holding the screw p in the bushes; q, nut or block free to
rise or fall according to whether the screw turns to the right or left; it
carries tenons to hold the hanging rods o; o, two fixed: hanging or
suspended rods in a piece with or attached to the nut g; these rods carry
at their lower part the matrix or stamp carrier f;.f; matrix or stamp
carrier worked by the two hanging rods o; it is guided and kept between
the guides: c³; c³; 2, die; or die, carrier fixed on the frame a; h³, water
trough as well as for, the pieces, manufactured, intercepting the surplus
metal or scales on the parts supporting the matrix ferrule; y, covering
of the matrix ferrule having four grooves to receive the four wedge
centreing pieces n; u, see Figure 8, wedge pieces, each provided with a
retaining screw for holding the matrix ferrule in all positions; and
grooves are formed, in each, hole to allow each retaining screw to rise
simultaneously in order to promptly effect the disengagement of the

page_text: matrix ferrule x; d, bolt (bons hommes) for retaining and driving or
pushing up the rods or objects to be stamped; a³, rod for removing the
manufactured pieces from the matrix ferrule x, and for holding
caoutchouc washers g' on which the matrix carrier frests; this rod a³ is
fixed to the cross bar a³ by a pin a' which is cut off in the event of
unforseen circumstances; 3, a hinged piece for disengaging the bolt d',
and to hold it; c³, pin for fixing the hinged piece b³; g', caoutchouc
washers, but in their place springs of any suitable elastic material may
be used; g, bearings, see Figure 7 of the lever f¹; f', bell crank lever
carrying on one end or arm the rod h, and hardened at the other end
where it pushes against the end of the shaft e; u', fulcrum of the starting
lever which serves to give motion to the rod h; x', starting lever;
³, rod of the regulator rising and falling in the socket q¹ fixed to
the nutq; l, levers corresponding to a counterweight intended to
balance the nut q, the rods o, and the matrix carrier f; ", rods for
attaching the levers 1; m, fulcra of the levers 7; 7, bell crank lever
fixed to the shaft 7, and carrying at its end a counterweight " acting
on the end of the shaft e; instead of the counterweight a spring may be
used whereby the conical pulley c¹ of the shaft e is caused to abut
acainst the balance wheel

page_text: regulating the position of the nuts a' and 6'. A socket ¹ fixed on the
frame in which the rod regulator ¹ passes serves to limit the stroke of
the lever by means of a nut s' with a counter or check nut y', which
is made to rise or fall on the regulator rod. The stopping point of the
lever limits the tension of the rod h on the spring. The rod r¹ of the
regulator has an eye which fits on a pin on the lever 2³. At the top
it is guided by a socket a¹¹. The lever ¹ is fixed to the shaft or
gudgeon . The socket q' is fixed to the nut q; it rises and falls
with it.
☑
The action and operation of the machine are as follows: --The wedge
pieces and the arrangement of the machine afford a sure and easy means
to centre the die before receiving the iron intended to be converted into
rivets or bolts. The machine is put in motion by pressing lightly on
the hand lever ³, whereupon the bevil pulley c will press on the.
balance and turn the screw which causes the nut block 9 to ascend,
this block being in a piece with or connected to the staple o for the
matrix carrier block f and matrix. The latter comes up against the.
fixed die and compresses the iron placed on the lower die, and forming
a head of a rivet or bolt having the shape of the upper die. This
operation done, the regulator will take the place of the hand of the
workman, consequently the distance travelled by the regulator rod r³,
the course of which from top to bottom has been previously adjusted
by the regulating nuts, and by the compression of the spring by the
tightening of the upper nuts on the rod the machine stops itself;
then the driving shaft e being acted on by the counterweight placed on
the bell crank i will start off immediately in the opposite direction until
the stops of the regulator rod r change the motion into the contrary
direction, and thus continue the alternate motion. The automatic move-
ment of the regulator to turn the screw and its balance to the right
and left can be done by the hand, and can be regulated with the
greatest ease by pressing or raising the handle of the hand lever a².
The workman then has no trouble in operating the machine, neither
is there any trouble to drive the rivets or bolts from the bottom die
of the matrix, since this operation is done mechanically, his only work
being to place the pieces of metal intended to be compressed into
the die.

page_text: descent of the bolt carrying the matrix for very minute distances only,
and there is nothing to do to confuse him, and by varying the abutting
washers of the regulator varying operations may be performed as they
present themselves, and according to the length of the scrow. The
regulator of this machine counteracts or obviates any inattentions of
the workman, so that no part of the machine can be broken because
the ends of the lover pin a³ of the rod a³ can be cut off by any extra
force applied thereto, on the other hand the limited compression of the
upper spring of the rod of the regulator does not allow of a pressure
greater than that of its own strength, and the driving band will slip
with any undue strain.
Description of the Machine for the Manufacture of Metal Covers
shewn at Sheet 2 :-Figure 1 is an elevation of the machine; Figure 2
is a side elevation of the same; Figure 3 is an elevation in vertical
section; and Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken through the line A, B, 1
of Figure 1. As the example just described this machine is composed
of similar mechanical elements.
a, body of the frame of the machine; 6, balance fixed to the vertical
screw; c and c¹, two bevil pulleys fixed on the shaft e; d, pulley
carrying the driving band; e, movable shaft working in the bearings of
the standards i; p, screw with one or several threads supported on a
bed of tempered steel; 8, socket in which the screw p turns; j, washer
or socket fixed to the screw p and turning with it; q, nut free to rise
and fall according to whether the screw turns to the right or left; it
carries tenons to hold the hanging staples o; o, hanging staples fixed :
and forming a portion of the nut q; these staples carry the matrix
carrier at their lower end, to which they are firmly attached by
nuts o'; f matrix carrier worked by the two hanging staples o; it is held
and guided in the slide c²; z, stamp or dic on which the matrix ƒ
presses when the latter has a rising motion imparted to it; y, piece to 3
be struck or stamped; 1, wedge pieces of the stamp enabling the
stamp to assume different inclinations such as a knee-joint motion;
d', spring pieces holding tho wedge pieces u in contact with the stamp;
a³, iron washer compressing the caoutchouc washers g when the nut q
comes against it; f", bell-crank lever carrying at one arm the rod h and 3
steel-hardened at the other to resist the shaft c; u', the fulcrum of the
lever ¹ which works the connecting rod h; x³, starting lever operating
through the rod of the regulator worked by a pedal oscillating on a

page_text: shaft ; a, b,y', &, x,y, tightening nuts serving to determine the
motion of the regulator guided by the socket q' fixed to the nut q, and
the socket determines the stroke; i, bell-crank lever oscillating about the
point, and carrying at its end a counterweight, serving to push
back the shaft e and the pulley on the balance b; l, levers cor-
responding to a counterweight intended to balance the nut 9 and the
connecting rods o as well as the matrix carrier f; 7, connecting rods of
the levers l.
The action and operation of this machine are as follows:-As for the
revetting and bolt-making, machine, so this machine is put in motion by
causing the regulator to start, and for this purpose, instead of applying
the hand to the lever ³ the foot is placed on the treadle with the
object of leaving both the hands of the workman free; for in the
manufacture of covers, for example, the two hands are useful to hold
and to present the pieces to the action of the machine.
The regulator works as the rivetting and bolt-making machine, its
action need not therefore be repeated here; it will be enough to say that
the shock of the blow caused by the rotation of the screw and balance
is resisted by an elastic break represented by the buffer j, fixed and
keyed on the screw p; this buffer contains caoutchouc rings g', the
effect of which will be to check or arrest the motion of the balance
towards the end of its course to assist reascent..
According to this Invention the right is reserved to make mechanical
apparatus of a similar description to those described where the blow
is made from top to bottom, that is to say, the screw may turn one
way or the other, or in either direction, and the nut may ascend or
descend but so as not to have to stop in the manufacture of the pieces,
especially where rapidity is desired, as in the manufacture of hooks, and
cutting and stamping different articles.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, it is to be understood that
the Invention is not to be limited to the precise details, as particularly
herein-before described, for the same may be varied without departing
from the essential features of the Invention, but I claim, the improve-
ments in machinery for the manufacture of rivets, bolts, nuts, metal
covers, and other articles produced by stamping, or to which fly presses
or other stamping instruments are or may be applied, substantially as

page_text: herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings,
together with any mere modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three. I
EDW³. GRIFFITH BREWER. (L.S.)