Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1898
Complete Specification Left, 25th July, 1898—Accepted, 12th Nov., 1898
I, WLADIMIR FEDOROWITSCH BERNER, of 17, Wassili Ostrow, St. Petersburg, Russia,
Mining Engineer and State Councillor, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:--
With the object of utilizing the waste heat of furnaces, so as to produce the
most efficient combustion and high temperature in the furnace, it has been usual
to employ regenerators as the means of heating, and an injector fed with hot
air as a means of drawing the air through the regenerators. As compared with
such apparatus, the improved apparatus according to this invention is distinguished
by greater simplicity in working and by increased efficiency.
The invention is characterized by the fact that there is employed a recuperator
as a means of heating the blast, that is to say, an arrangement of passages, the
heating flues of which are being constantly traversed by the hot gases and
products of combustion during the operation of the furnace, whilst a steam jet
blower draws the air for combustion through the recuperator. Consequently, it is
not necessary to reverse the apparatus at intervals as in the case of a regenerator,
which, as is well known, comprises two arrangements of passages which are alternately
traversed by the hot gas and products of combustion and by the air to be heated.
Furthermore, in consequence of the decomposition of the steam which is supplied
under the furnace grate, the highest temperature of combustion is caused to take
place in the upper layers of the fuel, and beyond this in the furnace or combustion
chamber proper where such temperature is desired to act. Also, the grate is protected
from burning and being choked up with slag because steam is not only an excellent
carrier of heat, but also it requires for its decomposition such a large quantity of
heat that the slag on the grate will not melt, even with a very high temperature of
the air for combustion. The slag, on the contrary, will always melt when hot air of
combustion is not intimately mixed with a sufficiently large quantity of steam, with
the obvious result that the grate becomes choked up with slag, and does not allow
sufficient passage for the air for combustion.
Steam, in this connection, acts not only the part of a carrier of heat by carrying
the heat (which was necessary for its decomposition, and which was withdrawn from.
the lower layers of fuel and subsequently liberated) into the heating chambers, but
it also supplies the air for combustion with active oxygen which is the most efficient
agent for an intense and rapid decomposition of the fuel.
The suction of the hot air for combustion, its intimate mixture with steain, and
the production of the pressure of these two agents below the grate which pressure is
necessary for an intense combustion, is most advantageously effected in a very simple
and practical manner by means of a steam jet blower.
In one form of apparatus of this kind the waste gases pass out of the furnace
chamber through a side flue into the recuperator; they traverse heating passages
therein and pass out through a passage into the chimney.
At the same time, air for combustion is drawn in by a steam jet blower the air
entering through a suitable opening into the recuperator and passing through

page_text: channels of the latter on its way to the steam jet blower by means of which it is
then forced under the grate of the fire-place. The air channels in the recuperator
may be advantageously formed between adjacent gas passages. Dampers arranged
behind the smoke flue, and in the gas outlet passage allow of regulating the
waste gasses passing through the recuperator in such a manner that they can be
utilized either wholly or to any desired partial extent for heating the blast. The
regulation of the air for combustion is effected by means of the steam jet
blower.
The recuperator may be arranged at will either at the side of, or below, or
above the furnace.
In comparison with previous types of blast heaters, the recuperators herein before
described have the advantage that, during the operation of the furnace, the heating
passages are constantly traversed by gases of combustion, and that it is not
necessary to reverse the same periodically, as is the case in the regenerators
usually employed, which as herein before mentioned, comprise two arrangements
of passages traversed alternately by gases of combustion and by the air to be
heated.
In some cases the recuperator may be advantageously arranged in such a manner
that the air to be heated and the heating gases are caused to have opposite directions
of travel, in accordance with the well-known counter-current principle.
Dated this 16th day of May 1898.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.
I, WLADIMIR FEDOROWITSCH BERNER, of 17, Wassili Ostrow, St. Petersburg, Russia,
Mining Engineer and State Councillor, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
With the object of utilizing the waste heat of furnaces so as to produce the most
efficient combustion and high temperature in the furnace, it has been usual to
employ regenerators as the means of heating, and an injector fed with hot air as a
means of drawing the air through the regenerators. As compared with such apparatus
the improved apparatus according to this invention is distinguished by greater
simplicity in working and by increased efficiency.
The invention is characterized by the fact that a recuperator is employed as a
means of heating the blast, that is to say, an arrangement of passages, the heating
flues of which are being constantly traversed by the hot gases and products of .com-
bustion during the operation of the furnace, whilst a steam jet blower draws the air
for combustion through the recuperator. Consequently, it is not necessary to reverse
the apparatus at intervals as in the case of a regenerator, which, as is well known,
comprises two arrangements of passages which are alternately traversed by the hot
gas and products of combustion and by the air to be heated. Furthermore, in
consequence of the decomposition of the steam which is supplied under the furnace
grate, the highest temperature of combustion is caused to take place in the upper
layers of the fuel, and beyond this in the furnace or combustion chamber proper
where such temperature is desired to act. Moreover the grate is protected from
burning and being choked up with slag because steam is not only an excellent carrier
of heat, but also requires for its decomposition such a large quantity of heat that the

page_text: lag on the grate will not melt, even with a very high temperature of the air for
combustion. The slag, on the contrary, will always melt when hot air of combustion
s not intimately mixed with a sufficiently large quantity of steam, with the obvious
result that the grate becomes choked up with slag, and does not allow sufficient
passage for the air for combustion.
Steam, in this connection, acts not only the part of a carrier of heat by carrying
the heat (which was necessary for its decomposition, and which was withdrawn from
the lower layers of fuel and subsequently liberated) into the heating chambers, but it
also supplies the air for combustion with active oxygen which is the most efficient
agent for an intense and rapid decomposition of the fuel.
The suction of the hot air for combustion, its intimate mixture with steam, and
the production of the pressure of these two agents below the grate, which pressure
is necessary for an intense combustion, is most advantageously effected in a very
simple and practical manner by means of a steam jet blower.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section and Fig. 2 a horizontal section of an apparatus of this
kind. The waste gases pass out of the furnace chamber A through a side flue into
the recuperator B; traverse heating passages b therein and pass out through a
passage e into the chimney.
At the same time, air for combustion is drawn in by a steam jet blower d the air
entering the recuperator B through a suitable opening and passing through
channels 62 on its way to the steam jet blower d by means of which it is then forced
under the grate of the fire-place c. Dampers arranged behind the smoke fiue f and
in the gas outlet passage e allow of regulating the waste gases passing through the
recuperator in such a manner that they can be utilized either wholly or to any
desired partial extent for heating the blast. The regulation of the air for combustion
is effected by means of the steam jet blower.
The recuperator may be arranged at will either at the side of, or below, or above
the furnace. In the example shown it is arranged at the side.
In comparison with previous types of blast heaters, the recuperators have the
advantage that, during the operation of the furnace, the heating passages are con-
stantly traversed by gases of combustion, and that it is not necessary to reverse the
same periodically, as is the case in the regenerators usually employed which, as
herein before mentioned, comprise two arrangements of passages traversed alternately
by gases of combustion and by the air to be heated.
In some cases the recuperator may be advantageously arranged in such a manner
that the air to be heated and the heating gases are caused to have opposite directions
of travel, in accordance with the well-known counter-current principle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a furnace with blast heating device, the employment as the means for
heating the blast of a recuperator (B) through the air passages (62) of which a steam
jet blower (d) draws the air for combustion, and then forces the said air under the
grate of the furnace substantially as described.
2. Means for heating furnaces substantially as shown in and described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 25th day of July 1898.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.