IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO GIVE PROTECTION TO THE MOUTH AND NOSTRILS IN RESPIRATION, AND TO THE THROAT AND CHEST AGAINST THE INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF ATMO- SPHERIC INFLUENCES
Year: 1860

page_text: Suffolk, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS TO GIVE PROTECTION TO THE MOUTH AND NOSTRILS IN RESPIRATION,
AND TO THE THROAT AND CHEST AGAINST THE INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF ATMO-
SPHERIC INFLUENCES."
Sealed the 25th January 1861, and dated the 8th September 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Richards Cross
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1860.
J, PETER RICHARDS CROSS, of Sudbury, in the County of Suffolk, Manufac-
turer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS TO GIVE PROTECTION TO THE MOUTH AND NOSTRILS IN RESPI-
RATION, AND TO THE THROAT AND CHEST AGAINST THE INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF ATMO-
SPHERIC INFLUENCES," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to a combined apparatus adapted to enclose the
mouth, and, if desired, also the nostrils, as well as to enclose the chin and
throat and to cover the chest.
The part enclosing the mouth and nostrils is formed, as ordinary respirators
are, with packing, so as to fit closely, whilst respiration is obtained through
layers of wool, whalebone, or horsehair, cloth, zinc, reticulated or other suitable
material.
The part giving protection to the throat is connected with the above by

page_text: another enclosing the chin, thereby preventing the passage of the atmosphere
in that direction, for which purpose I, by preference, employ at the parts
covering the chin and throat an internal body of gutta percha, or a compound
thereof, or prepared india-rubber moulded to the desired shape, and covered
with any suitable material on the inside, to give ease and comfort to the wearer,
and on the outside to produce the appearance of a handkerchief, or otherwise
as desired.
From the throat the apparatus descends in width and depth adapted to
protect the chest, and to give warmth thereto by the application of suitable
padding.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Richards Cross in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th March 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
RICHARDS CROSS, of Sudbury, in the County of Suffolk, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Peter Richards Cross, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Richards
Cross, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Peter Richards Cross, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
HENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO GIVE PROTECTION TO THE MOUTH AND NOSTRILS
IN RESPIRATION, AND TO THE THROAT AND CHEST AGAINST THE INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF
ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Peter Richards Cross, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Richards Cross, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
The improvements relate to a combined apparatus adapted to enclose the
mouth, and, if desired, also the nostrils, as well as to enclose the chin and
throat and to cover the chest.
The part enclosing the mouth and nostrils is formed, as ordinary respirators
are, with packing, so as to fit closely, whilst respiration is obtained through
layers of wool, whalebone, or horsehair, cloth, zinc, reticulated or other suitable
material.
The part giving protection to the throat is connected with the above by
another enclosing the chin, thereby preventing the passage of the atmosphere
in that direction, for which purpose I, by preference, employ at the parts
covering the chin and throat an internal body of gutta percha, or a compound
thereof, or prepared india-rubber moulded to the desired shape, and covered
with any suitable material on the inside to give ease and comfort to the wearer;
and on the outside to produce the appearance of a handkerchief, or otherwise
as desired.
From the throat the apparatus descends in width and depth adapted to
protect the chest, and to give warmth thereto by the application of suitable
padding.
But that the nature of these improvements may be better understood, I will
proceed, aided by the accompanying Drawing, to describe apparatus arranged
according to my improvements.
Figure 1 shows an internal view; Figure 2, a section, and Figure 3 a
front view of one arrangement of apparatus; Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, show the
principal parts of it separately.
a is the part which, when applied, would be opposite the mouth, and this is
formed of, first, a layer of woven whalebone, then a layer of crinoline fabric,
then a layer of very finely perforated zinc or other metal, a layer of thin cork
and then of wool, the whole being then, by preference, covered with the fabric
forming the general coating of the apparatus. This part a opposite the mouth
is formed somewhat as an ordinary respirator, so as to admit of respiration and
yet prevent the injurious influence of cold air upon the lungs, and around it on
the inside is formed the packing b. These parts a, b, are connected to and
supported by a wall or frame of gutta percha or a compound thereof c, but
india-rubber or other suitable material may be employed for the purpose, and
it is in shape adapted to enclose the chin and parts at least of the throat, and

page_text: to it is connected other but thinner sheets of similar material d, d. Within
these is a layer of cotton, linen, or other. suitable material, then a layer of
wool, wadding, or such like material e, then .a layer of chamois leather f, or
other suitable material as a lining adapted to give ease and comfort to the
wearer, the whole being connected together; by lines of sewing or otherwise,
whilst externally there is a covering which I prefer to resemble a travelling
shawl, handkerchief, or other wrapper. The ends g, g, are to facilitate tying
round the throat.
If desired another respirator a, of suitable form, may be applied at the
upper part to enclose the nostrils.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the means I
adopt in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do
not claim the mode of constructing and applications of respirators generally
and apart from the combination, such being well known, but. what I do claim
is, the adaptation or combination of means as explained to give protection to
the mouth (and nostrils when desired) in respiration, as well as to the throat
and chest, against the effects of atmospheric influences.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Richards. Cross, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
JAS. MAKING,
7, Bank Buildings,
Sudbury.
PETER RICHARDS CROSS. (L.S.)