IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRITURATING, HUSKING OR BREAKING GRAIN AND OTHER MATERIALS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
TRITURATING, HUSKING OR BREAKING GRAIN AND OTHER MATERIALS."
ing from ahuned her Lonia Tenggang and Edmond Bodart both
"
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
TRITURATING, HUSKING OR BREAKING GRAIN AND OTHER MATERIALS."
A communication from abroad by Louis Janssens and Edmond Bodart both
of Louvain, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1880.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors
of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRITURATING, HUSKING, OR BREAKING
GRAIN AND OTHER MATERIALS." A. communication from abroad by Louis Janssens
and Edmond Bodart, both of Louvain, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
The apparatus comprises a cast iron casing having the shape of a drum, formed
of two pieces so bolted together that the upper part can be easily removed.
The top of the upper part bas two apertures for the expulsion of air.
The whole internal surface of the said casing is provided with a series of steel
bars, placed at a distance of about two centimeters from the casing, these bars being
preferably about two centimeters broad, 5 or 6 millimeters thick, and placed about
5 or 6 millimeters apart, so as to form a cylindrical grate inside the apparatus.
These bars extend from one wall to the other, and are invariably fixed by means
of two flanges provided at each end and a pin in the centre.
This system of bars is completely surrounded by perforated sheet metal, which
forms a sieve around the bars, the shape and size of the perforations depending
upon the raw material to be treated and the product required. At about a quarter
of the height of the apparatus and in the sense of the axis is a shaft set in motion
by a pulley and a belt; this shaft carries a cast iron drum which moves inside the
apparatus, and carries a certain number of steel bars (four or more) dovetailed into
the cylindrical portion of the drum and parallel with its axis. A little over the

page_text: top of this drum, and in the flat parts of the apparatus are two openings, through
which pass two feed pipes for introducing the raw material into the apparatus.
The number of revolutions of the shaft may be about 1800 or 2000 per minute,
but varies according to the nature of the material to be treated.
The cylinder and the casing may have any other suitable shape than that
described, and the number and arrangement of the steel blades or bars may also be
altered. The bars or blades and the portion of surrounding metal sheet situated
at the lower part of the apparatus may be made moveable to make the apparatus
accessible for removing obstructions.
After the apparatus has been set in motion, the grain (or other substance to be
treated) is constantly introduced through the feed pipes; it falls on the cylinder,
meets the revolving steel blades, and is thrown against the steel grate which covers
the inner surface of the apparatus. The grain is thereby broken into pieces, a part
of which passes through the perforated sheet metal into the space formed between
the latter and the cast iron casing, and falls through this channel into the lower
part of the apparatus, where it is received in sacks or other suitable receptacles.
The material which has not passed through the perforated sheet meets again the
blades of the revolving cylinder, and is therefore thrown towards the circumference
until the whole charge has passed out of apparatus. All hard and brittle
substances which are thus thrown against the steel grate are broken when coming
in contact with the latter, while soft substances remain unaltered, if their cohesion
is sufficient to resist the impact.
In treating maize, which consists of a hard and brittle corn and a soft and tough
germ, the hard part is broken and transformed into bran, while the germ is
immediately and completely separated from the grain by the impact, but not
broken, losing nothing of its constituents, retaining completely the oil which it
encloses. After having been separated from the grain, the germ is still mixed with
the broken particles, but can be separated from them by water. The germ being
much lighter than the grain swims on the surface and can easily be taken away.
This kind of apparatus is generally applicable for breaking or disintegrating hard
substances, but especially designed for separating the grain of maize from its germ,
or for separating a hard and brittle substance from a soft and tough substance with
which it may be combined.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
March 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR TRITURATING, HUSKING, OR BREAKING GRAIN AND OTHER
MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by Louis Janssens and Edmond
Bodart, both of Louvain, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
The improved apparatus comprises a cast iron casing, having the shape of a
drum formed of two pieces so bolted together that the upper part can be easily
removed.
The top of the upper part has two apertures for the expulsion of air.
The whole internal surface of the said casing is provided with a series of steel
bars placed at a distance of about two centimeters from the casing, these bars being
preferably about two centimeters broad, 5 or 6 millimeters thick, and placed about
5 or 6 millimeters apart, so as to form a cylindrical grate inside the apparatus.
These bars extend from one wall to the other, and are rigidly fixed by means of
flanges provided at each end and a small pin in their centre.
This system of bars is completely surrounded by perforated sheet metal which
forms a sieve around the bars, the shape and size of the perforations depending upon
the raw material to be treated and the product required. At about a quarter of the
height of the apparatus, and about parallel with the exit of the cylinder, is a shaft
set in motion by a pulley and a belt; this shaft carries a cast iron drum, which
moves inside the apparatus, and is provided with a certain number of steel bars
(four or more) dovetailed into the cylindrical portion of the drum, and parallel with
its axis. These steel bars project from 5 to 10 centimeters; a little over the top of
this drum and in the flat parts of the apparatus are two openings through which
pass two feed pipes for introducing the raw material into the apparatus. The
number of revolutions of the shaft may be about 1800 to 2000 per minute, but
varies according to the nature of the material to be treated.
The cylinder and the casing may have any other suitable shape than that
described, and the number and arrangement of the steel blades or bars may also be
altered.
The bars or blades and the portion of surrounding metal sheet situated at the
lower part of the apparatus may be made moveable, to render the apparatus
accessible for removing obstructions.
I would remark that the above stated dimensions for the construction of the
apparatus are only stated as an example, and may be varied as long as they agree
with the operation hereinafter described.
The same is the case with all materials used in the construction of the said
apparatus, and with the cereals and special purposes mentioned in the present
Specification, and to which the application of this Invention is not limited.
After the apparatus has been set in motion, the grain (or other substance to be
treated) is constantly introduced through the feed pipes; it falls on the cylinder,
meets the revolving steel blades, and is thrown against the steel grate which forms
the inner surface of the apparatus. The grain is thereby broken into pieces of
different sizes, a part of which passes through the perforated sheet metal into the
space formed between the latter and the cast iron casing, and falls through this
channel into the lower part of the apparatus, where it is received in sacks or other
suitable receptacles.
The material which has not passed through the perforated sheet, meets again the
blades of the revolving cylinder, and is therefore thrown against the circumference

page_text: until the whole charge has passed out of the apparatus. All hard and brittle
substances which are thus thrown against the steel grate are broken by their
impact with the latter, while soft substances remain unaltered if their cohesion is
sufficient to resist the impact.
In treating by this process certain grains, such as maize, which consists of a hard
and brittle corn and a soft and tough germ, the hard part is broken and transformed
into bran, while the germ is immediately and completely separated from the grain
by the impact, but not broken, losing nothing of its constituents, but retaining
completely the oil which it encloses. After having been thus separated from the
grain, the gerin is still mixed with the broken particles, but can be separated from
them by water.
The germ being much lighter than the grain, swims on the surface, and can easily
be taken away.
The germ may also be separated by means of a ventilator, which produces an
analogous result, or in any other suitable manner. These means however are well
known, and do not constitute a part of this Invention.
The accompanying Drawing illustrates an apparatus embodying the Invention;
Figure 1 being a cross section, and Figure 2 a longitudinal section of an apparatus,
while Figure 3 shows on a larger scale the cylindrical grate and sieve.
A is the cylindrical casing; B, the cylindrical grate; C, the sieve; D, the revolving
drum or beater, mounted on a shaft d, and provided with arms d₁, d₁, d, d₁ ; E, the
feed pipe for the raw material; F, the discharge opening.
By this process one obtains on one hand the germ from which the essential oil
can be extracted, and on the other hand the maize transforined into bran, and which
being entirely free of germs, may be directly used for distilling or brewing purposes,
because the fermentation is no longer prevented by the presence of the essential oil
contained in the germ, also for the manufacture of starch, which is no longer made
rancid by the presence of oil contained in the germ, and whose whiteness is no
longer altered by this oil; in flour mills the advantage gained by this process is also
considerable, the flour being whiter and having a finer taste.
The work is carried out with great rapidity (in an apparatus having a diameter
of 80 centimeters one can treat about 1000 kilos. per hour), and with considerable
economy, because an apparatus of 80 centimeters diameter requires not more than
about 3 or 4 horse power.
The wear and tear is insignificant.
These advantages cannot be met in the same degree in any other apparatus
known to me, and the treatment of maize as described is much superior to all
processes hitherto known which treat the maize chemically
CLAIMS.
1. The process of breaking or comminuting all sorts of grain and other solid
substances by their violent projection against a rigid surface.
2. The apparatus for treating the said substances in the manner described.
3. The process for separating the germs contained in the grains of maize, or any
other soft and tenacious substances from hard and brittle substances with which
they may be combined.
The whole substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty third day of March, A.D. 1881.