A NEW ENGINE, TO BE MOVED BY PRESSURE OF THE AIR TO ANY BUILDING WHERE LARGE FIRES ARE KADE USE OF, AS IN GLASS-HOUSES, OR ANY OTHER BUILDINGS FOR LARGE WORKS, WHERE BY THOSE FIRES THE AIR IS RARIFIED OR THE ELASTICITY THEREOF WITHIN THE BUILDING IS IN A GREAT MEASURE DESTROYED, WHICH OCCASIONS A PRESSURE OF AIR FROM WITHOUT THROUGH AN AVENUE INTO THE BUILDING OF SUFFICIENT FORCE TO TURN OR DRIVE & WHEEL, SOMETHING LIKE A LARGE WATER WHEEL, THAT WILL GRIND CORN, MOVE LARGE HAKKERS, RAISE WATER, OR PERFORME ANY OTHER WORKE THAT IS DONE BY THE FORCE OF WIND, WATER, OR HORSES &c. BYDING AND THE S F TO TWO, THREE, OR MORE FURNACES, COPPERS, BOILERS, STILLS, OR OTHER VESSELIA, FOR THE MELTING OF ALL
Year: 1728

page_text: PAYNE'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, JOHN PAYNE,
of Bridgewater, in the County of Somerset, sendeth greeting,
WHEREAS His most Sacred Majesty King George the Second, by the
grace of God of Great Brittaine, France, and Ireland, by His Letters Patents,
bearing date att Westminster, the Twenty-first day of November, in the second
year of His raigne, reciting that the said John Payne hath by his petition
humbly represented to His Majesty that he had discovered "A NEW ENGINE,
TO BE MOVED BY PRESSURE OF THE AIR TO ANY BUILDING WHERE LARGE FIRES ARE
KADE USE OF, AS IN GLASS-HOUSES, OR ANY OTHER BUILDINGS FOR LARGE WORKS, WHERE
BY THOSE FIRES THE AIR IS RARIFIED OR THE ELASTICITY THEREOF WITHIN THE
BUILDING IS IN A GREAT MEASURE DESTROYED, WHICH OCCASIONS A PRESSURE OF AIR
FROM WITHOUT THROUGH AN AVENUE INTO THE BUILDING OF SUFFICIENT FORCE TO TURN
OR DRIVE & WHEEL, SOMETHING LIKE A LARGE WATER WHEEL, THAT WILL GRIND CORN,
MOVE LARGE HAKKERS, RAISE WATER, OR PERFORME ANY OTHER WORKE THAT IS DONE
BY THE FORCE OF WIND, WATER, OR HORSES, &c.;" that the said John Payne had
also discovered "A NEW AND MORE ADVANTAGEOUS METHOD OF APPLYING THE HEAT
OF FIRE MADE OF PIT COAL, WOOD, OR TURPE TO A MUCH GREATER ADVANTAGE THAN
HAS BEEN HITHERTO PRACTICED IN ANY OF THE WORKS OF GREAT BRITTAIN, BY
EXTENDING THE HEAT OF ONE AND THE SAME FIRE TO TWO, THREE, OR MORE FURNACES,
COPPERS, BOILERS, STILLS, OR OTHER VESSELIA, FOR THE MELTING OF ALL SORTS OF
METALLS OR METALLINE ORE, AND ALSOB THE DRYING OF MALT AND MEAL, BREWING

page_text: OR DISTILLING, AND LIKEWISE IN REFINING OF SALT FROM SALT ROCK, OR MAKING THE
SAME FROM BRINE OR SEA WATER, BY A NEW METHOD OF MAKING AND PLACING THE
PANS, (WHICH MAY BE OF METALL OR WOOD,) SOE THAT THE SAME QUANTITY OF SALT MAY
BE MADE MUCH CHEAPER THAN CAN BE DONE BY THE COMON METHODS; AND FURTHER
THE FIRE OF FURNACES MAY BE APPLYED TO VITRIFYING THE SCORIA OR DROSS OF
DIVERS METTALLS AND ORES, SO AS TO SHAPE OR MOULD THE SAME LIKE BRICKS OR
TILES, OR INTO OTHER FORMS, FIT FOR CONVENIENCES AND ORNAMENTS IN BUILDING;"
that the said John Payne had likewise discovered "A METHOD BY WHICH PIG OR
Sow IRON BEING PUT INTO FUSION WITH DIVERS INGREDIENTS WILL BE BROUGHT INTO A
STATE OF MALLEABILITY, AND SO DRAWN INTO BARRS BY THE COMON VSE OF THE FORGE
HAMMER;" that as the said Inventions are intirely new, and will be of great
benefitt and advantage to the publick, the said John Payne did most humbly
pray that in consideration of the labour and expence he had been at in making
the said discoveries, His Maiesty would be graciously pleased to grant him
His Royall Letters Patent for the sole vse and benefitt of his said Inventions,
within England, Wales, and Town of Barwick vpon Tweed for fourteen years,
according to the Statute in that case made and provided: His said Maiesty, of
His especiall grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, did, for Himselfe,
His heires, and successors, give and grant vnto the said John Payne, his
executors, administrators, and assignes, especiall licence, full power, sole
priviledge, and authority, that he, the said John Payne, his executors, adminis-
trators, & assignes, and every of them, by himselfe and themselves, or by his
and their deputy & deputies, servants or agents, or such others as he, the
said John Payne, his executors, administrators, or assignes, should att any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and att all times here-
after, during the terme of years in the said Letters Patent expressed, shall
and lawfully may make, exercise, work, use, and enioy, within that part of
Great Brittaine called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Towne of Bar-
wick vpon Tweed, his said severall and respective Inventions therein sett
forth and described, in such manner as to him, the said John Payne, his
executors, administrators, or assigns, or any of them, should in their discretions
seem meet, and that he, the said John Payne, his executors, administrators,
and assigns, shall and lawfully may have and enioy the whole proffitt, benefitt,
comodity, and advantage from time to time coming, growing, accrewing,
and arising by reason of the said Inventions for and during the term of years
therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enioy the said licence, powers,
priviledges, & advantages therein-before granted or mentioned to be granted
to the said John Payne, his executors, administrators, and assignes, for and
during and vnto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of

page_text: the said Letters Patent next & imediately ensuing, fully to be com-
pleat and ended according to the Statute in that case made and provided;
and whereas amongst divers other clauses and provisoes there is a clause or
condition in the said Letters Patent, that the same are to be void if the said
John Payne shall not inroll or cause. to be inrolled in the High Court of
Chancery a particular description of the species of the ingredients vsed by
him to render pig or sow iron malleable as aforesaid, within one calendar
moneth from the date of the said Letters Patents; all which by the said
Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and att large
appear.
NOW KNOW YEE, that in pursuance and performance of the said clause
or condition in the said Letters Patent, I, the said John Payne doe hereby
declare that the following account is an exact and particular description of
the nature and method of my said Invention, (that is to say,) the method of
putting certain ingredients into fusion with pig or sow iron, which are as
follows, videlicet:-
The ashes of wood and other vegetables, all kinds of glass and-sandever,
comon salt and rock salt, argile kelp, and pot ash, slegg or cinders from iron
furnaces and forges, proportionable parts of the said ingredients being put into
fusion or melted with pig, sow, or other brittle iron, will make the like change
as charcoal does in the fire called the finery in the comon forges, and will render
the same into a state of malleability as to bear the stroke of the hammer to
draw it into barrs or other forms, att the pleasure of the workman, and those or
other barrs being heated in the said melted ingredients in a long hott arch or
cavern as hereafter is described, and those or other barrs are to pass between
two large mettall rowlers, (which have proper notches or furrows on their surfass,)
by the force of my engine hereafter described, or any other power, into such
shapes and forms as shall be required. The form of my engine above-men-
tioned is made in manner following, videlicet:-A large wheel fixed to an
axeltree is hung in a frame on the outside of the building, so that the wheel
will be in a perpendicular or other position, and on the extreme or outer parts
of the said wheel is to be placed fanes or padles of a proportionable length and
breadth to the bigness of the wheel and avenue through- which the air is to
pass into the building: or case, for that purpose to direct the air in a right
course, so as it may have the greatest force on the extreme or outer part of
the wheel and padles, which will give the same à very strong circular motion,
sufficient to move other machinery works, for the purposes mentioned in the
said Letters Patent; my new method of applying the heat of fire above men-
tioned is as followeth, viz, by building or ereéting a place for the fire at the

page_text: end of an arched cavern, which encloses and confines the fiery particles of
burning fuell and heated air that passes through and from the fire and fire-
place or grate into a contiguous arch or cavern, of such suitable dimensions as
will contain the matter there to be melted or heated, from which arch or
cavern the said heat or fire is directed and extended through a small flow or
flews, channel or channells, built of a proportionable bigness to cause a suffi-
cient draft of air to the fire, and then to pass and be extended into another
arch, space, or cavern, built of another forme and suitable size to heat or boil
salt water or other liquors or fluids over it, and att the same time to contain or
have space to contain any matter of earth, mettalls, or mineralls, there to be
heated, melted, or fused; and then the heat to be continued or extended
through another flew or flews, channell or channells, into a third arch or cavern,
of such size, shape, or form as to contain or have space to contain, heat, melt,
or fuse such matter as shall be placed therein or over the same for that purpose,
and so continue extending the heat to a fourth, fifth, or sixth arch or cavern,
and so on to any number and to any length or breadth the nature of the work
may require for the purposes mentioned in the said Letters Patents. And also
my new method of making salt as above mentioned is as followeth, videlicet :-
The boylers, vessells, or pans to be made of such size and form as will be suit-
able to the place and work where they will be made vso of, and to place them
over such arches or caverns as above described, within a building erected for
that purpose, in which will be partition walls, and also small caverns from
the arches above mentioned, through which the heat will pass to the topp of
the partition walls, which will warm the air in the rooms and give a greater
velocity to the aquous evaporating particles to ascend out at the top of the
building; then by placing large grained or other sand or gravell on iron or
other mettalline plates, stone, or brick, like a pavement over one or more of the
heated arches above described, and by continually wetting the sand with sea
or other salt water, which by the heat of the sand will evaporate the watery
particles and leave the salt vpon the sand, then that salt may be dissolved from
the sand by other salt or fresh water into a strong brine, which may be made
into salt in the manner hereafter mentioned, videlicet, by placing the pans in
such manner as to convey the brine or salt water from pan to pan by a pipe
or channel at any time as the workman shall think fitt, so that the salt may
kern or granulate in the last receiving pan or pans, at the same time that
more water will be boiling in the first, second, or other pans, and to that
degree of saltness as to be continually supplying the last receiving pan or pans
for granulating or kerning into salt, and when any sort of brine shall be pre-
pared by the sun or otherwise to a great degree of saltness, at such time all

page_text: the pans may be imployed to granulate or kern the salt, which may be in
number ten, twenty, thirty, or more, as effectually as in the comon method
now used in making of salt. Lastly, my method of moulding or shaping the
scoria or dross of divers mettalls and ores by fusing or melting, as before spe-
cified, with such mixtures as will in a great measure prevent its being brittle,
and also gives it divers colours, so as to make it the more ornamentall and vsefull
where other durable and ponderous vitrifyed matter is wanting, which scoria or
dross, when prepared, is to be placed into moulds and pressed down by a screw
or weight, soe as to fill the moulds to the proper shape designed for it.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Payne, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of December, in the second yeare of the
raigne of our Sovereigne Lord George the Second, by the grace of God
King of Great Brittaine, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and twenty-
sight
Sealed and delivered, being first duely
stamped, in the presence of
(JOHN PAYNE.)
JOHN PITT,
BURROUGHS.
CARLETON HAYWARD.
Et memorandum quod predicto decimo nono die Decembris pred Jones
Payne venit coram dicto Domino Rege in Cancellaria Sua et recognovit
scriptum predictum ac omia et singula in eadem content et spificat in forma
predča. Necnon script pred impress fuit secundum tenorem Satut fact anno
regni Gulielmi et Marie nuper Regis et Regine Anglie, &c. sexto.
Tadicto vive die Decembris