matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BENZOLINE AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Callaghan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1874.
I, HENRY CALLAGHAN, of Wallis Road, Victoria Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BENZOLINE AND
OTHER LAMPS," to be as follows:-
In the burner of an ordinary benzoline lamp the wick is passed
through a circular throat or aperture and raised or lowered as required
by a small cogged wheel acting directly on the wick, and as this is
found to be frequently inaffective for this purpose my Invention and
improvement consists in providing a moveable tube to hold the wick
having rack like cuts or notches on the side of same for the cogs of the
aforesaid wheel to act upon instead of acting directly upon the wick as
at present, thus securing a certainty of action and a perfect control over
the wick for the regulation of the light.
To secure the moveable tube in its proper position and prevent it
turning round I allow the ordinary tube or aperture to pass down

page_text: somewhat below the burner and fix a stud on the inner side of same, a
longitudinal slit or cut being made in the inner or moveable tube, which
works on the said stud and prevents its moving round, and thus always
securing the proper position of the moveable tube to be acted upon by
the wheel for raising or lowering the wick and the proper regulation of
the light. This Invention may be applied also to all lamps having this
description of burner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wright and Thomas
Redmayne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th October 1874.
We, GEORGE WRIGHT, of Rotherham, in the County of York, and
THOMAS REDMAYNE, of Sheffield, in the same County, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES," to
be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction and
arrangement of kitchen ranges, and more especially to that kind of
kitchen range in which a close fire is used, the flame and heated air
from which pass from a lateral opening over the top of an oven, and
thence down its outer side and underneath it to a flue leading to the
chimney, but it is also applicable to other kitchen ranges whether with
close or open fires, in which the flame and heated air similarly pass round
the top, outer side, and bottom of one or more ovens.
In the method of arrangement just described the current of flame and
hot air becomes considerably reduced in temperature before it reaches

page_text: The upper part
that part of the oven which should be the hottest, and our Invention has
for its object an improved method of constructing and arranging the side
of the fire-place adjoining the inner side of the oven, in such manner
that the flame and heated air may have access to such inner side as well
as to the top, the outer side, and the bottom of the oven. For this
purpose we take a separate plate of metal, fire-clay, or other suitable
material, and arrange it vertically or nearly so at a short distance from
the inner side of the oven, and provide perforations in it through which
the flame and heated air pass from the body of the fire.
of this plate is bent over or curved so that its edge fits against or rests
upon the top inner edge of the oven, and the flame from the fire passes
over it through an opening, and over the top of the oven in the method
first described. The space between the plate and the oven is open at the
bottom and communicates with the flue, which passes under the oven
after descending on its outer side in the way first described, and the two
currents of flame and hot air combine there or at any other convenient
point and pass to the chimney. One or more mid-feathers may be
arranged to prevent the two currents from interfering with each other
and to turn them in the required direction, or they may be led through
separate flues to the chimney, and suitable dampers and soot doors may
be arranged where necessary. The flame and hot air from the space
inside the plate described may be brought down the inner side of an oven
or heating chamber arranged on or near the floor instead of in the
position already described.
Our novel arrangement may be applied to either one or both sides of
the fire-place, and it may be applied to kitchen ranges already existing
well as to now tON 200
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DRESSING CORN AND SEEDS OF ALL KINDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sainty at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
August 1874.
I, JOHN SAINTY, of Wisbeach, Saint Peter's, Cambridgeshire, Manu-
facturer of Agricultural and Horticultural Implements, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
DRESSING CORN AND SEEDS OF ALL KINDS," to be as follows:
-
This Invention relates to an improvement in machinery for dressing,
screening, and sacking corn and all kinds of seeds, and consists of a
combination of a screen frame the entire length of the machine. The
different sieves or riddles are inserted into grooves in the top end of the
screen frame and is so fitted. The corn or seeds have to pass the entire
length of the screen. The corn or seeds is put into the hopper. The
feed is regulated by means of a screw slide. The corns falls into a
V shaped trough, which is attached to the screen frame. The screen
frame being in motion it scatters the corn or seeds into the riddles or
seives to allow the wind from the fan the advantage of cleansing the
corn or seeds.

page_text: To create the motion of the screen I prefer to suspend the screen
frame by the chains, two at the top end of the screen frame, and one at
the lower end of the frame, suspended from a bolt which passes through
the frame of the machine.
The gearing of the machine is one wheel and pinion attached to a
spindle, which pass through the same. On the opposite end of the
spindle is an excentric; a vertical shaft is attached. The lower end of
the shaft is a crotched joint, and is connected to a crotch joint of double
action, which receives a T shaped crotched joint, and is connected to
this joint; also to the lower end of the screen frame, which create the
necessary motion to the screen and riddles. The end of the screen
delivers the corn or seeds into a bushel or winnall. It is then handed
into the sack without falling to the ground. This part of the machine
is at the delivery end. The fan is of a circular form. The outlet for the
wind is arranged in a direct line with the screen frame where the corn
or seeds cannot escape its effect. The mouth of the fan or outlet is
fitted with two regulators to direct the wind to any part or all over the
screen frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TEACHING THE ALPHABET AND SPELLING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hogg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1874.
I, JAMES HOGG, of Windsor Road, Denmark Hill, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TEACHING THE ALPHABET AND SPELLING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the facilitating the teaching of the
alphabet and spelling to young children, and consists essentially of a
cheap and simple form of apparatus herein-after described, whereby one
letter or one simple word or combination of letters only shall be dis-
played to the pupil at one time, thus preventing the pupil's attention
from being distracted by the presence of other letters or words.
Moreover as the act of changing from letter to letter or from word to
word is accomplished by the rotation of a disc, the attention of young
pupils is more agreeably attracted than by the old method of pointing to
each letter or word in a line.

page_text: board, or other suitable material, one of which constitutes a tablet of a
rectangular form or other desirable shape for holding in the hand, whilst
the other consists of a disc which is made so as to turn freely on a
central pin or pivot in or near the centre of the tablet. A circular or
other shaped aperture is made through the disc near its circumference,
and a corresponding aperture is also made through the tablet. On the
inner face of the disc there are printed or drawn in any variety of colors
or on colored grounds to attract the eye the capital letters of the
alphabet, such letters being disposed in a ring or circle of such a radius
as that each separate letter may be brought opposite to the aperture in
the tablet and be thereby displayed to the pupil. On the inner face of
the tablet there are printed or drawn in attractive colors or on colored
grounds, the letters constituting the alphabet of what is known to
printers as the "lower case" or "small letters," these being also disposed
in a ring or circle so as to admit of any one of them being displayed
through the aperture in the disc.
"
It is preferred to so arrange the two sets of alphabets that a "capital ”
or a "small" letter of the same denomination shall be simultaneously
displayed on opposite sides of the apparatus.
If desired short words of two or three letters may be substituted for the
alphabet for the purpose of teaching spelling in an attractive manner to
more advanced pupils.
The exterior face of the disc is intended to be ornamented with
pictures adapted to infantile taste, whilst both the exposed faces of the
tablet may be similarly ornamented, one face containing in addition the
two alphabets and numerals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS IMPROVERS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Pendlebury at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1874.
I, GEORGE PENDLEBURY, of Elton, in the County of Lancaster, Hat
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS IMPROVERS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE
THEREOF," to be as follows:-
:-
My improvements consist in the manufacture of ladies' dress improvers,
to be suspended from and below the waist on the right side, left side,
and back side, and partially round the front side of the person,
protruding therefrom, of any shape that may be desired, so as to
give to the dress which is worn over the top of the said improvers what
is considered a gracefull appearance.
The material from which I manufacture these improvers is felted
wool, and to accomplish this I put the wool through the ordinary

page_text: process for felting, and then place it in a mould of the desired form and
apply pressure thereto to press it of the desired thickness and shape
required.
I also mix with the wool any substance, such as starch or gum, that
will give to it a moderate amount of stiffness and elasticity.
E
AN IMPROVED EYELET
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elsam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
May 1874. A communication from abroad by John P. Pultz and
L. V. Walkley, both of Plantsville, Connecticut, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ELSAM, of Finsbury Place South, in the County of
Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED EYELET," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved cyclet
suitable for direction labels, boots and shoes, stays, paper fasteners, and
other purposes where eyelets are employed. The improved cyclet is
much stronger than the eyelets hitherto made, has greater holding power,
and may be fastened more securely.
The improved eyelet is constructed of a flat disc of suitable metal with
a hole or eye in the centre having the usual flange for passing through
the hole in the label, boot, shoc, or other article; round the outer
circumference of the disc is a number of points which are turned down
at right angles. When the cyclet is applied these points pass through

page_text: the label, boot, shoe, or other article, and being then turned down
inwards against the back of the label, boot, shoe, or other article,
securely clamp the same, so that the eyelet will not become loose or
detached when bent as is the case with the ordinary eyelet, nor can the
improved eyelet be easily removed except by tearing the material to
which it is applied.
The improved eyelet may also be made of an octagonal or other
which it is applied.
The improved eyelet may also be made of an
suitable form.
octagonal
or other
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF VENTILATING ROOMS, BUILDINGS, AND OTHER SPACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Phillips at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1874.
I, JOSEPH PHILLIPS, of Shepherd's Bush, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for AN
IMPROVED MEANS OF VENTILATING ROOMS, BUILDINGS, AND OTHER SPACES," to be
as follows:
My Invention relates to improvements in ventilating rooms, work-
shops, churchs, or other buildings, carriages, and other spaces, and
consists in the employment for this purpose of glass perforated in the
process of manufacture for the admission and exit of air, the following
being a few examples only of the mode of carrying out my Invention.
The perforations in the glass may either be made in the form of lines
or they may consist of minute holes or perforations disposed in any form,
shape, or design, ornamental or otherwise, and in the case of ornamental
glass for example, the holes or perforations may be made to follow the
design or pattern on the glass.

page_text: When applied for ventilating purposes in the roofs of buildings, tho .
glass being of considerable thickness may have the perforations made
obliquely therein so as to exclude rain, while affording free ventilation,
and glass may be made for this purpose also with fluted or inclined
surfaces, either perforated or provided with apertures covered with a
hollow bead to exclude rain, or the glass may be studded with _ con-
vexities or protuberances perforated at the centre or otherwise, said pro-
tuberances or convexities serving to prevent the entrance of rain through
the perforations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the
1st June 1874. -A communication from abroad by Edward Clark,.
of Newark, in the County of Essex, State of New Jersey, United
States of America.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a metal plug with a conical head just
large enough to pass into the bottle through the neck, said plug having
a wide annular groove around it below the head into which a flexible
band of rubber is pressed from over the conical head after the plug is
introduced into the bottle. The plug is suspended by bow springs
extending from its top out of the nozzle of the bottle and expanding
over it so as to hold the plug from falling down, and comprising a
kind of handle by which the flexible band, which is expanded by the
plug, may be drawn up into the neck of the bottle to cork it tight.
After the stopper is put in the bottle the flexible ring is pressed down

page_text: by means of a little wire instrument, and expanded over the conical
head into the groove, which is shallow, and keeps the ring expanded,
so that when the plug is pulled up into the neck of the bottle it forms
a stopper to it.
In case it may be desired to take the stopper out of the bottle the
ring of flexible material may be pulled off by a little hook pressed
down between the ring and metal plug so as to hook under the ring and
pull it off.
The Invention also consists of the combination with a filling tube,
to be connected to a filling machine so as to be let down on to the
nozzle of the bottle for filling and raised up to release the bottle, of
a flexible tube which when the filler moves down on the bottle receives
the upper portion of the springs in it. By being forced down along
them the stopper is pressed down to open the bottle, the springs being
held with sufficient force to pull the stopper up into the neck and stop 1
the bottle when the filler rises.
The stopper
is intended for soda water, beer, ale, and other bottles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th August 1874.—A communication from abroad by Léon Marot,
of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS,"
a communication to me from abroad by Léon Marot, of Paris, in the
Republic of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of saccharine solutions so as
to effect what is known as their defecation in order that the subsequent
processes employed for obtaining sugar therefrom may be more efficiently
effected, and it consists in firstly raising the saccharine solutions to a
boiling temperature, and then adding thereto or bringing the same in
admixture in another vessel with a solution of lime or baryta, and then
adding an alkali, either soda, potash, or ammonia, the same being by
preference free from carbonates. The precipitate thus formed is collected
and the saccharine solution is separated therefrom, either by filtration
A

page_text: or by pressure; any lime which may remain in the solution as saccharate
of lime may be separated by any of the processes in use, viz., by
carbonating or otherwise.
It is advisable not to conduct the foregoing operation in copper vessels
as the ammonia acts upon them, and for that reason I prefer wooden 5
apparatus heated by means of a steam coil. Theso vessels may be
surmounted with a hood or doom, so that the ammonia disengaged by the
lime from the solution may be collected.
The proportions I have found to give good results for 1000 parts of a
saccharine solution, beetroot juice for example, are about from 2 to 3 1
parts of ammonia, marking 22 degrees, and from about 3 to 4 parts of
lime, by preference dissolved in the juice or in the saccharine solutions,
so as to form a sucrate of lime.
It is evident that the basis before referred to need not necessarily bo
in the state of sucrate, but may be employed cither as caustic alkaline 1
carths or as salts of the same. The saccharine solution or juice thus
treated may be submitted to the ordinary treatment adopted in sugar
refineries in order that sugar may be obtained therefrom.
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC RAILWAY WAGGON AND CARRIAGE COUPLING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Samuel Sedgwick at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th March 1874.
I, WILLIAM SAMUEL SEDGWICK, of Fairfield, near Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC RAILWAY
WAGGON AND CARRIAGE COUPLING," to be as follows:-
The waggons or carriages to be coupled are furnished cach with a
look, so attached and suspended that it presents to the other an inclined
plane. These inclined planes cross at right angles and collide when the
waggons or carriages are brought together, the hooks sliding into gear.
Each hook while the couplings are not in tension is constrained to
stand in a plane, making an angle of forty-five degrees or thereabouts
with the longitudinal vertical plane of the waggons or carriages, and to
move in the desired path by attaching it to the waggons or carriages by
a suitable joint, and suspending it in position by means of a chain con-
nected with said look at a point on the shank at a convenient distance
from its base. The chain passes through a ring immediately over the

page_text: draw bar, and is linked on a small hook in the side of the waggon or
carriage to render it accessible to manipulation.
By setting the chain free (which can be done in a moment by
removing the link or loop from the small sustaining hook), the attached
coupling hook is dropped. It passes under the corresponding hook in
gear, and the waggons or carriages are uncoupled.
The end of the shank of each coupling hook is forged flat in the plane
of its face, so as to form a triangular area of which one apex is the shank.
The side subtending the apex bears against the metal plate (through
which the draw bar passes) when the couplings are not in tension. By
these means the couplings are prevented from getting out of place, and
vibration stopped in case of sharp collision. But when the couplings
are in tension the square end of the hook leaves the metal plate, (the
draw bar being of the ordinary spring pattern) thereby securing a
universal motion, which enables the waggons or carriages to accomodate
themselves to any curve or gradient.
.
The waggons or carriages may be uncoupled on either side of the
train, as each chain (sustaining a coupling hook) is linked on the
opposite side from its companion. .
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the a
said Invention and the manner of carrying it into effect, I claim and
desire to secure by Letters Patent the "Improved Automatic Railway
Waggon and Carriage Coupling," substantially as above described.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PROMOTION OF VENTILATION AND OTHER SANATORY PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Owen Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1874.
I, DAVID OWEN EDWARDS, of 20, Westmoreland Place, Bayswater,
in the County.of. Middlesox, Physician, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PROMOTION OF
VENTILATION AND OTHER SANATORY PURPOSES," to be as follows:
My Invention consists of a cylindrical or angular air conduit or
chimney communicating at one end with an inclosed space or room, and
at the other end with the open air. The upper and outer orifice of this
vent is guarded by a cap or cover of metal or other material, is in
form circular or quadrangular, and bounded with curved and angular
surfaces, which protect this orifice and vent from the onset of the wind
in every direction, except that is horizontal or perpendicular to the
ascending current of air or smoke in this chimney or tube. Imme-
diately underneath this cover, and communicating with it, is the throat
of the air conduit or chimney, which is here perforated with air holes of
u size fitted to allow free access across the area of the said conduit
to the wind, which thrusts outwards the ascending current of the clastic

page_text: fluids which then ascends to the sky. At the same moment this trans-
verse current of the wind, by rarefying the adjacent atmosphere and
other elastic media, quickens tho ascending current and hastons the
motion of the air in the apartment to be ventilated.
The inner orifice of the air conduit or chimney projecting more or less
into the apartment is adapted to receive an air pump, which by producing
successive vacua in portions of the chimney or other flue generates rapid
currents of air, which cleanse it of soot or other deposit. This inner
orifice may have connected with it an anemometer, by which the elastic
fluids passing through the vents may be measured.
This ventilating apparatus may be made of any size and used singly,
or several may be arranged in groups or stacks, and may be connected
with one or several apartments.
First. I claim as original the protecting cap and with its attendant
ventilating throat, as described.
Secondly. I claim as original the combination of the air pump with
the air vent or chimney as designed for cleansing purposes and as
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR EMPLOYING COLOURED LIGHTS FOR SIGNALLING FROM VESSELS AT SEA
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harrison Doty at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd June 1874.
.
I, HENRY HARRISON DOTY, of 15, Bury Street, Saint James', in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR
EMPLOYING COLOURED LIGHTS FOR SIGNALLING FROM VESSELS AT SEA," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in the method of and means
for employing coloured lights for signalling from vessels at sea. To the
lamp with a lens as used at sea I provide inside the lens a small frame
within which I slide different coloured plates of glass, red, green, or other
colours, so that the rays of light from the flame are coloured by
the interposed glass, and then passing through the lens are sent into the air
of the colour of the interposed glass; or the lamp may be fitted with
differently coloured glass chimneys. I suspend this lamp from any
appropriate part of the rigging or spars of the ship, and between the
point of suspension and the lamp I introduce a spring rotating

page_text: mechanism; or I form in the head of the lamp the spring acting
mechanism, so that the lamp is made to rotate either continuously in one
direction or alternately in one direction and then in the other, and I
regulate, if required, the rotation of the lamp so that it shall have a
regular or nearly regular rate of rotation, or an irregular and variable
rate of rotation.
If required I fix the rotating part of the mechanism permanently on
some parts of the ship, so that the lamp has merely to be placed in
connection with a socket frame or hook, the socket frame or hook
rotating when the mechanism is put into action, the lamp receives its
movement of rotation therefrom, but I prefer the manner indicated by
suspension as the most useful and generally applicable at sea.
By the combination due to the change of the colour of the glass by
the variable rates of velocity, and by the alternating motion on the axis
of rotation, I am enable to give a great variety of signals which may be
still further increased by using a lamp with two or more lenses, and two
or more coloured glasses; the combinations in these cases are so much
increased that a very important code of general signals can be made out
of these changes, but what I chiefly describe as the most useful part of my
Invention is the means here set forth of producing by the rotation of the
lamp a continued flashing of a red light to indicate distress, and a green
light to indicate the want of a pilot, these two general signals being in
conformity with the recognized code of marine signals of distress and for
a pilot.
Iж- PROVEMENTS IN FLOWER AND PLANT CASES FITTED FOR WINDOWS AND OTHER SUITABLE OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, WHICH I TERM ILLUMINATED MINATURE CON- SERVATORIES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Raggett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1874.
I, GEORGE RAGGETT, of Essex Villas, Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iж-
PROVEMENTS IN FLOWER AND PLANT CASES FITTED FOR WINDOWS AND OTHER
SUITABLE OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, WHICH I TERM ILLUMINATED MINATURE CON-
SERVATORIES," to be as follows:-
I construct a case of wood, metal, or other material in any given form
to be fitted to a window or other convenient opening in a house or
building, and in this frame at the top or upper part I fit glasses as usual
in flower and plant cases and conservatories, and in the lower part I fit
silvered glasses or other reflectors at angles so as to reflect light upon the
plants, and into the room and add to the effective decoration. Such case
is to be constructed of such size as to be capable of holding the flower
box or pots or other vessels for holding the growing flowers or plants.
Also at the bottom I usually provide the case with a steam or hot water
pipe or pipes, which may communicate with and obtain steam or hot

page_text: water from the kitchen boiler. Or hot water receptacles may be placed
therein and can from time to time be replenished as may be required.
Ventilators for maintaining the purity of the air are also provided.
For night effect I fix an argand burner or other lighting apparatus
over the top of the case with a reflector to throw light into the case, so
that falling upon the silvered reflectors therein a very pleasing effect will
be produced.
To give greater effect a small crystal fountain may be introduced and
AN IMPROVED COM- POSITION SUITABLE FOR PRESERVING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Younghusband, George
Thomas Younghusband, William Rockliffe, and James William
Rockliffe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th November 1874.
We, GEORGE YOUNGHUSBAND, Currier, GEORGE THOMAS YOUNG-
HUSBAND, Driller, WILLIAM ROCKLIFFE, Driller, and JAMES WILLIAM
ROCKLIFFE, Driller, all of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COM-
POSITION SUITABLE FOR PRESERVING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the preparation of an improved
composition suitable for preserving the bottoms of ships, boats, and
other similar vessels. For this purpose we proceed as follows:-To one
pound of gutta percha we add half an ounce of copper bronze and half
an ounce of arsenic. Of course these various proportions are increased
or diminished in the necessary ratio according to the quantity of com-
position required to be manufactured. We then melt them down
together taking care that the several ingredients are well intermixed and

page_text: allow the mixture to cool, after which we cut it into sheets of any
required size and apply it in the manner next herein-after described.
We first cleanse the bottom of the ship or vessel thoroughly from
paint and oil, and then heat it to a moderate heat, and whilst hot apply a
coating of pure gutta percha thereto in a liquid state, by means of
knives in the same way as any ordinary cement is laid on. We then
allow this first coating to cool after which we take any required number
of sheets of the composition manufactured as before-mentioned and of
any suitable size and thickness (say about 1/16th of an inch thick and
7 or 8 feet long), and after warming the surface of the first coating by
holding the kettle and fire towards it, and whilst still warm we lay on
the sheets thereto and by this means the ship's bottom is covered with a
coating of cement, which is capable of thoroughly resisting the corrosive
action of salt water and of all other injury arising from wet or damp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th July 1874.-A communication from Louis Nevière, residing at
Marseille, France, Gentleman.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BOOTS AND SHOES," communicated to me by Louis Nevière, a person
resident at Marseille, France, Gentleman, to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of
boots, shoes, and other coverings for the feet, in order to render them
elastic, waterproof, healthy, economical, and easy, and consists in making
the heels and the soles of suitable materials, between which are placed
springs and iron shavings for the purpose of producing clasticity. The
first or inner sole fastened or sewn to the welt will be made as usual of
leather of less thickness than that generally used. On this inner sole
will be fixed the first bearing of the heel and a first half sole, both made

page_text: of cork, split in the middle, to receive or lodge in the cavity stcel
shavings, and spiral or flat springs; a second heel tap and a second half sole
composed of a sheet of india-rubber are placed on the former, so that the
steel shavings and the springs are lodged in the cavities cut out in the
cork between the first or inner leather sole and the second india-rubbor
heel tap and half sole, in order that they may retain all their elasticity.
Hastly, a third heel tap and a third half sole made of leather or of a band
of steel or other suitable metal chequered in order to avoid slipping
form the surface in contact with the ground. All these parts may be
connected together by screws, pegs, or sewn in the usual manner. The
lower surface, when metal is used, may be studded with nails and
covered with a coating of tar, paint, cement, or other adherent material,
in order to preserve the metal and soften the contact of the sole with the
ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF-CUTTING AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINERY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilson and Joseph
Battersby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th May 1874.
WC, WILLIAM WILSON, of Wood Hey, Bebington, in the County of
Chester, Gentleman, and JOSEPH BATTERSBY, of Bedford Leigh, in the
County of Lancaster, Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF-CUTTING AND OTHER SIMILAR
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
:-
The object of this Invention is the production of an improved appliance.
for exercising the necessary pressure upon the top feed roller and rising
mouth-piece of chaff cutters and other similar machinery. Hitherto this
has been accomplished by a system of levers and weights connected to
the bearings of the top roller and to the rising portion of the mouth-piece,
but according to this Invention we dispense with levers and weights and
apply one or more spiral metallic, india-rubber, or other suitable com-
pression or extension springs for the purpose, and thus we simplify to a
considerable extent this part of the machine.

page_text: In carrying our Invention into practical effect we prefer to place one
or more of such springs at each side of the feed box so as to bear directly
upon or be connected to studs upon each side of the rising mouth-piece,
which studs project through slots formed in the sides of the feed box,.
the springs being enclosed in a suitable. recess cast upon or otherwise
secured to each side of such feed box for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Glover at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
January 1874.
I, HENRY GLOVER, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in effecting the concentration
of weak sulphuric acid, such for example as that known as chamber acid
or brown acid so as to produce or manufacture sulphuric acid of
commerce, and consists in effecting such concentration by means of
highly heated air or gases, which are not acted upon by sulphuric acid,
and causing such heated air or gases to be forced through and be
brought in contact with the acid to be concentrated by preference in the
form of finely divided streams or currents.
In carrying out this Invention I employ vessels and apparatus which
are not acted upon by the sulphuric acid, such for example as leaden,

page_text: earthenware, glass, or glazed vessels or apparatus, and I prefer that the
air or gases employed shall be heated to such a temperature as that
the water contained in the acid shall be evaporated in the form of
aqueous vapour, and thus effect the concentration of the acid under
treatment.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OF WEAVING CARPETS AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mille
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th April 1874.-A communication from abroad by John F.
Orne, of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, in the United
States of America.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and
Mills, of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF WEAVING CARPETS AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
a communication to me from abroad by John F. Orne, of Philadelphia,
in the State of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America, to be as
follows
The main feature of this Invention consists in dispensing with the
shuttles ordinarily employed to carry the weft or filling in weaving
carpets, and in employing bobbins in lieu thereof placed on pins fixed at
the side of the loom. The weft threads from these bobbins are taken
and carried through the open shed by a self-acting finger or look, whilst
the selvage is formed by pins or instruments at each side of the loom
acting to hold the weft thread or filling. By these means a large number

page_text: of differently colored bobbins may be employed, in fact enough for any
ordinary ingrain carpet, and as the bobbins become exhausted they can
be replaced by full ones without the necessity for stopping the loom.
This mode of working also greatly simplifies the construction of the
loom, increases its productive power, and produces superior work to that
hitherto obtained, the cost of the loom is also less, there is very little
liability of breakage and less power is required to work it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SKEWERS AND CREEL FRAMES USED IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Shippobottom and
Thomas Battersby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th December 1874.
We, FRANCIS SHIPPOBOTTOM, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, and THOMAS BATTERSBY, of the same Place, Carder, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO SKEWERS AND CREEL FRAMES USED IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING
AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The main object of our Invention is to reduce the friction retarding
the rotation of the skewers upon which the bobbins are placed when
in the creels of machines for preparing and spinning cotton and other
fibrous materials, as by reducing such friction less strength is required in
the sliver, and consequently less twist is needed to give the required
strength, and therefore there may be either an increased production or
a diminished speed and consequent saving of power, and the sliver from
having less twist is more evenly and easily drawn in the spinning
process; and while accomplishing this main object of our Inven-
tion we at the same time obtain more lasting creels and skewers, and
such as are not liable to be easily damaged,

page_text: Our Invention consists in making the creels with cone or pin centres
standing point upwards above the surface of each lower or carrying rail
of the creel, and in making the lower ends of the skewers with centre
holes or cavities, which may be formed in the material of the skewer; but
we prefer to form, and our Invention consists in forming them, of pieces of
metal, glass, pot, or other hard substance, screwed, driven, cemented, or
otherwise secured in the lower ends of the skewers, such piece of metal
or other hard substance having the hole, hollow, or cavity formed in it
to work upon the pin or cone centre point in the lower or carrying rail
of the creel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANTHRACENE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Curic at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1874.
I, PAUL CURIE, of Cornhill, in the City of London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ANTHRACENE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the treatment of
the liquid hydrocarbons or substances from which anthracene is usually
extracted and whereby a much larger proportion of anthracene is
obtained than by the methods previously employed. Sulphur is mixed
with the liquid hydrocarbons or substances, and the mixture then
heated to a suitable temperature, the degree of which will be under-
stood by persons conversant with such operations. Sulphuretted
hydrogen is thus produced and the remaining substance, when distilled,
gives a much larger proportion of anthracene than it has been possible
to obtain by means of any of the methods or processes hitherto
employed.
Iμ- PROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR CUTTING STONE, COAL, SLATE, MARBLE, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bain Munro at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
November 1874.
I, BAIN MUNRO, of Forfar, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iμ-
PROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR CUTTING STONE, COAL, SLATE, MARBLE, OR SIMILAR
MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements whereby tools for cutting
stone, coal, slate, marble, or similar materials whilst being of a com-
paratively reduced cost may be made to operate more efficiently and
satisfactorily than heretofore.
In carrying out the Invention the cutter is made in the form of one
half of a hollow truncated cone, and is held in a conical socket formed
for it in the holder. A hole extends from the inner end of the
conical socket to the back of the holder and a spindle with a 'conical
head is passed through this hole to fix the cutters, the spindle itself
being secured by a screw nut or in any other suitable manner at the
back. The after side of the conical head of the spindle is shaped to

page_text: fix the conical socket whilst the other side is shaped as much smaller as
to receive the cutter between it and the socket. The cutter in other
words fits a recessed part of the conical head of the spindle, and is
prevented from turning by the shoulders of the recess whilst the spindle
is itself prevented from turning by a projection on it entering a groove 5
in the side of the socket. When the cutters is fixed for use it projects
beyond the conical head of the spindle, but being without a back half
the abraded materials get easily away and do not choke the tool.
The improved cutter may be made of steel, hardened malleable iron,
malleable cast iron, chilled cast iron, phosphor or other bronze, or any 1
metal or metallic compound suitable for tools for cutting stone or similar
materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN LOCKS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Ward and William
Ellison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th September 1874.
We, SAMUEL WARD, of Sneinton, near Nottingham, and WILLIAM
ELLISON, of Carlton, in the County of Nottingham, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN LOCKS," to
be as follows:-
The "chain lock" has an external appearance of an ordinary look as
placed upon doors. Instead of having however a key as is common in the
ordinary lock, we use an appliance similar to the fasteners for chains
used to secure doors and gates. When this appliance is placed in the
key way and moved downwards, it is secured by reason of the internal
arrangement of mechanism, and can only be released in a specific
manner, depending upon the mode of application and the internal
position of the mechanism of the "chain lock."
This Invention can be applied to fasten doors, shutters, or any other
form of opening arrangement where locks are now generally employed,
and will not allow the door or other opening part to move more than a
small distance, which may be arranged at pleasure.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FEEDING THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Freeman Woods and
William Newman at the Office. of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd July 1874.
We, EDMUND FREEMAN WOODS and WILLIAM NEWMAN, both of
Stowmarket, in the County of Suffolk, Engineers and Millwrights, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR FEEDING THRASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved apparatus for feeding
thrashing machines, and consists of a groved roll furnished with spikes
and revolving on journals in a suitable case above the drum of the
thrashing machine, into which case the corn to be thrashed is thrown.
There is a series of fingers arranged tangentally with the roller with
their points in the grooves of the roller just within its periphery, and
there is room between the fingers for the spikes to pass. These fingers
disengage the corn stalks from the spiked roller, and cause them to fall
upon the drum of the threshing machine.
By means of this Invention the possibility of serious injury to the

page_text: The machine is fed with greater regularity and more ease, and
consequently takes less power to work it.
The drum is also covered in closely, so that there is no opening in the
top of the machine through which corn can be thrown out by the
centrifugal action of the drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING VARIOUS ORNAMENTAL EFFECTS ON THE COVERS OF BOOKS AND SUCH LIKE SURFACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Bell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1874.
I, MATTHEW BELL; of the Temple Works, Cursitor Street, in the City
of London, Publishers' Bookbinder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING VARIOUS ORNAMENTAL
EFFECTS ON THE COVERS OF BOOKS AND SUCH LIKE SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
The object of the Invention is to afford facility for obtaining greatly
increased ornamental effects on the covers of books and such like
surfaces.
Hitherto the ornamentation of the covers of books and such like
surfaces has been limited generally to that obtained by embossing,
blocking, or the application of gold or such like metal, or printers' inks,
or by inlays of other material in or on such surfaces.
According to my Invention I am enabled to obtain various other
effects in color or other character. For this purpose the desired design

page_text: is formed to project on the surface of a block, or by a combination of
blocks or forms, and I apply to such surface varnish or other adhesive
matter, which is then thereby transferred to the book cover or other
such like surface, when I apply over these parts of the book cover or
such like surface a coating of fine flock of any desired color, or it may
be other powder or granules or small particles, such as crushed or
powdered glass or metallic gelatinous or other particles, according to the
effect desired to be obtained. The excess is removed by light brushing
or shaking.