IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING AND PURIFYING OILS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL, TALLOW, AND GAS
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
PARKER, of No. 170, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Tenth day of September, in the fourth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Parker, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Samuel Parker, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Samuel Parker, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING AND PURIFYING
OILS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL, TALLOW, AND GAS;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Samuel Parker, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Parker, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and

page_text: ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say) :-
:-
My Invention relates, first, to a mode of constructing apparatus for pre-
serving and purifying oils, by means of which the oils are kept from exposure
to the atmosphere till used, and also the oil which is being so preserved is
floating on water, and precipitating any impurities.
Figure 1 represents the section of an apparatus constructed according to
my Invention, a, a, being the vessel in which the oil is kept for
use; b is a
cock for running off the water and any impurities which may precipitate from
the oil; c is a cock for drawing off the oil for use; d is a funnel with a tube
descending nearly to the bottom of the vessel, as is shewn; e is a partition
which divides the vessel a into two chambers or compartments; f is a tube
descending from the partition e, and through which water is permitted to flow,
as is hereafter explained. In using this apparatus the cocks b and c are to be
closed; then pour water into the upper chamber until it rises to the top of the
tube f; then open the cock c, and through the funnel d fill the remainder of
the space in the lower chamber with oil, or with any quantity desired, so long
as it does not rise above the opening 9, which is covered with glass. The
cock c is now to be closed; then fill the upper chamber with water; and it
should be remarked, that it is desirable to keep the upper chamber at all times
full of water when in use. The air which remains at the upper surface of
the oil is next to be let off by the cock c; when the cock is to be again closed;
and in this state things should remain for at least twelve hours before using
the oil. The apparatus should be kept in a warm place, and when emptied
the vessel should be cleaned out with hot water.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention, which
relates to a mode of conducting air to support combustion into the glass
chimneys of lamps, and in such manner that the air is conducted to and
caused to flow against the wicks, by which the wicks are prevented charring,
by which a lamp will be caused to burn for a greater length of time.
Figure 2 represents the upper part of an argand burner of an oil lamp. A
is the glass chimney; and B, the gallery, which supports the chimney, which,
it will be seen, is affixed at a position above the tube which receives the
cotton, but below the upper part of the wick. By this means the air to s
support combustion at the outer surface of the wick is caused to flow against
the wick, and by such means preserve the wick for a much longer time from
becoming charred.
Figure 3 shews another arrangement of parts for obtaining a similar effect.

page_text: A is a glass chimney applied to an argand burner of an oil lamp; C is a disc
of metal having an opening through it for the passage of the flame, E being a
hoop of wire within the glass chimney to support the disc C; and it will be
seen that the gallery which supports the chimney is to be so applied as to
support the chimney in such manner that the disc C will be above the tube
which contains the cotton wick, and below the top of the wick, by which
means the air which supports combustion on the outside of the wick will be
caused to flow against the wick, and thus tend to prevent its being charred.
Figure 4 shows another arrangement of apparatus for effecting the same
end. A is the glass chimney, which is supported by a projecting ring or
gallery formed on the outside of the cone C. This cone is the means of con-
ducting the air into the chimney for supporting combustion at the outside of
the wick, and in such manner that the air is conducted against the wick, and
thus preserve it from becoming charred for a much greater length of time
than at present.
Figure 5 shows a section of a fountain lamp, which will enable me to
describe the third, fourth, and fifth parts of my Invention. A is a glass-
chimney, the lower end of which is bell-mouthed, and formed in such manner
as to cause the air to be conducted against the wick before it rises above the
wick, D being a metal top to the chimney, which, being slit at the lower ends,
and bent slightly outwards, allows. of such metal top being slided up and
down the glass chimney, by which means it will be found that the extent of
flame can be regulated; but this metal top may be dispensed with, and the
regulation of the extent of flame effected, by the rising and falling of the
glass chimney. For this purpose, the gallery B, which carries the chimney,.
can be raised and lowered in the following manner:-The gallery B consists
of two rings, which are joined together by short radial bars, and the inner
ring is affixed to the tube B' by short radial bars, and there is an inclined
slit B, through which a projecting pin from the tube containing the wick
passes. Hence, when the gallery is turned, it will rise or fall on the pin in
the inclined slit, and by such means the height of the chimney will be regu-
lated, and the extent of flame will also be governed thereby. B³ is a ring of
metal, by which the glass chimney is held securely on the gallery. This.
ring B³ is passed over the top of the chimney, and descends, and by means of
vertical slits passes partly down beyond the radial bars which connect the two
rings B together, and by means of horizontal slits from the vertical slits the.
ring B is securely retained by the radial bars, which so connect the rings
B by turning the ring B a short distance round when down in its lowest
position; and it may be here remarked, that this construction of chimney

page_text: and gallery is suitable for other argand oil lamps, as well as fountain lamps;
and further, this part of the Invention is also applicable to argand gas burners,
and for such lamps as have short wicks which are not raised or lowered,
which are the description of wicks I prefer to employ.. I so construct the
under surface of the gallery and the upper surface of the lamp at B and B5,
that by having these surfaces ground to fit closely, and the lower end of the
glass chimney ground to fit close and as air-tight as possible, I can, by the
simple act of turning down the gallery so as to bring the surfaces B and B
together, put out the lamp without rendering the same disagreeable to smell.
The vessel F, F, represents a tube of a table fountain lamp. This tube fits into
a pillar, not shewn. The tube F is divided into four chambers, G, H, I, and
J, the subject of which I will hereafter explain. The argand burner is affixed
to the top of the.oil-supply tube K, which tube enters into and descends to
the lower part of the chamber G, as is shewn, and oil is caused to flow up the
tube K from the chamber G by the pressure of the column of oil in the
chamber H. From the upper part of the lamp descends the tube L, down
which any overflow of oil from the burner descends to the chamber I; and it
is necessary that the lower end of this tube should be closed with oil, to pre-
vent the passage of air in that direction; and M is a screw to close an opening
in the upper part of the lamp, through which oil may be emptied out of the
chamber G. From the chamber J. rises the air pipe or tube N into the
chamber G, it being turned down at its upper end, as is shewn.
chamber I rises the air tube O into the chamber H, as is shewn.
or pipe descending from the chamber H into the chamber J; and it is the
column of oil in the chamber H and tube P which produces the requisite
pressure on the air in the chamber J to cause it to rise into the chamber G.
and press the oil from the chamber G up to the burner. In filling this lamp
with oil, in the first instance the oil is poured in at the opening Q into the
chamber I when the lamp is turned upside down; and when the chamber H
is full, the lamp is stood the right way up, by which the oil will flow into the
chamber J; then, by again turning the lamp upside down, and again pouring
oil into the lamp at Q, the chamber H will be again filled, and the oil from J
will flow into the chamber G. The lamp being again stood upright and
lighted, the supply of oil will be constantly raised to the wick by the column
of oil in the chamber H pressing into the chamber J, and a quantity of air
will pass from that chamber J in the chamber G as fast as a quantity of oil is
consumed.
From the
P is a tube
I would remark, that for the most part the fountain lamp is similar to that
for which I obtained a Patent some years ago, and the only novelty claimed

page_text: in such descriptions of lamps being the circumstance of causing the overflow
oil from. the burner to flow into the chamber I in place of allowing it to
descend into the chamber H and J, as heretofore.
Figure 6 shews the section of a hand or chamber lamp, which is constructed
in such manner as to have the air for supporting combustion brought into.the
chimney in such manner as to come against the wick, so as to preserve the
wick from becoming so quickly charred. A is the chimney; B is the inlet
for air all round the wick; and C, the opening through which the wick passes
into the chimney, which is so formed as to cause the air to flow against the
wick in a similar manner to what has been above described for argand lamps;
and I may remark, in respect to Figure 6, that it may be supplied with tallow
in place of oil by melting the tallow in order to pour it into the lamp,
Figure 6.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would have it under-
stood that I make no claim to any of the parts of the various apparatus
described separately, nor do I confine myself to the precise arrangements
shewn, so long as the general character of my improvements or some of them
be retained. But what I clnim is,-
First, the mode of constructing apparatus, as described in respect to
Figure 1, for preserving and purifying oil.
Secondly, I claim the mode of preserving the wicks from charring, as
described in respect to Figures 2, 3, and 4.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of constructing the chimney shewn at Figure 5,
and the means of applying it for regulating the extent of flame.
Fourthly, I claim the mode of arranging the parts of the gallery and of the
upper part of the lamp, that by bringing them together the lamp will be put
out, as described in respect to Figure 5.
Fifthly, I claim the mode of constructing fountain lamps, as described in
respect to Figure 5, by conveying the overflowing oil into the chamber I, and
at the same time preventing access of air to the flame in that direction.
And, sixthly, I claim the mode of constructing lamps by causing the air to
be conducted against the wick, as described in respect to Figure 6.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Parker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-one.
SAM (L.S.) PARKER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord 1841, the aforesaid Samuel Parker came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specfication afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Tenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-one.