Improvements in the Manufacture of Water Colours.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 19th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 23rd Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Water Colours.
I, JOSEPH HORADAM, of 19, Neanderstrasse, Düsseldorf, in the Empire of
Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of water colours.
For painting in water colours especially upon a greasy ground, as for example
upon glazed paper, it is usual to employ purified ox gall. In order to render
possible a more even laying on of the water colours than can be effected with
purified ox gall, exhaustive experiments were set on foot as is hereafter
described.
The chief constituents of the purified ox gall are on the one hand taurocholic
acid or a taurocholic salt and taurin, on the other hand glycocholic acid and
glycocholic salts.
In comparing the action (1) of purified ox gall, (2) of taurocholic acid, tauro-
cholic salt, or taurin, and (3) of glycocholic acid, glycocholic salts or glycin upon
water colours it was found that the two above mentioned chief constituents or
groups of chief constituents exert a distinctly different action upon water colours,
although both groups have the tendency to cause colours to spread upon wet
surfaces. These differences were arrived at by the following experiments.
.
If a drop of the watery solution of taurocholic acid or its salts or of taurin fall
upon a layer of wet colour upon a glass or porcelain plate, a rapid regular circular
repulsion of the colour takes place.
If now a corresponding experiment be made with glycocholic acid or glycocholic
salts or glycin no regular circular repulsion of the colour in all directions from the
central point takes place, but the repulsion is quite irregular, the colour runs in a
downward direction with a root like branching appearance and upward with tree
like streaks. The action in a downward direction is soon exhausted, whilst the
tree like streaks which pass upward from the centre are forming. There is thus
formed an elongated field with irregular branching marginal lines.
These appearances always recur with unfailing certainty no matter what colour
is employed for the wash. If now the experiment be repeated with a mixture of
taurocholic and glycocholic acids or with purified ox gall, the appearances are
intermediate between the two just described, but incline more to that produced by
the action of the glycocholic acid.
In order to determine whether the action of the glycocholic acid is stronger than
that of the taurocholic acid or the reverse a drop of taurocholic acid and a drop of
glycocholic acid are allowed to fall upon the wet wash of colour at a short distance
from each other. The glycocholic acid always then appears to be the more
energetic, inasmuch as the ring of colour produced by the taurocholic acid is
always penetrated by the colour repelled by the glycocholic acid.
From this it results that the taurocholic acid group is the one by which the
beneficial action is produced, whilst that of the glycocholic acid group is injurious
and that the presence of the glycocholic acid group is not desirable.
Accordingly the present invention consists in preparing water colours without
ox gall, and mixing with the particular colour taurocholic acid or its salts or taurin
glycocholic acid, free or combined, being eliminated as far as may be.
This may most advantageously be effected by mixing the particular colour with
thick liquid gum arabic and a watery solution (5% being a suitable strength) of
taurocholic acid or its salts or taurin, equal parts being an appropriate proportion,
so that a mass of the consistence of thick soup is obtained. This mixture is finely

page_text: rubbed in a so-called mulling mill in the usual way.
If the colour is to remain
moist and tubes are to be charged with it a proportion of glycerine is to be added.
If on the other hand the colour is to be prepared in the dry form in cakes or
tablets, the glycerine is omitted and the colour, prepared and mulled as described
is evaporated, and made to take the desired form by pressure.
Dated the 26th day of November 1892.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Water Colours.
I, JOSEPH HORADAM, of 19, Neanderstrasse, Düsseldorf, in the Empire of
Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of water colours.
For painting in water colours especially upon a greasy ground, as for example
upon glazed paper, it is usual to employ purified ox gall. In order to render
possible a more even laying on of the water colours than can be effected with
purified ox gall, exhaustive experiments were set on foot as is hereinafter
described.
The chief constituents of the purified ox gall are on the one hand taurocholic
acid or a taurocholic salt and taurin, on the other hand glycocholic acid and
glycocholic salts.
In comparing the action 1 of purified ox gall, 2 of taurocholic acid, taurocholic
salt, or taurin, and 3 of glycocholic acid, glycocholic salts or glycin upon water
colours it was found that the two above mentioned chief constituents or groups of
chief constituents exert a distinctly different action upon water colours, although
both groups have the tendency to cause colours to spread upon wet surfaces. These
differences were arrived at by the following experiments.
If a drop of the watery solution of taurocholic acid or its salts or of taurin fall
upon a layer of wet colour upon a glass or porcelain plate, a rapid regular circular
repulsion of the colour takes place.
If now a corresponding experiment be made with glycocholic acid or glycocholic
salts or glycin no regular circular repulsion of the colour in all directions from the
central point takes place, but the repulsion is quite irregular, the colour runs in a
downward direction with a root-like branching appearance and upward with tree-
like streaks. The action in a downward direction is soon exhausted," whilst "the
tree-like streaks which pass upward from the centre are forming. There is thus
formed an elongated field with irregular branching marginal lines.
These appearances always recur with unfailing certainty no matter what colour
is employed for the wash. If now the experiment be repeated with a mixture of
taurocholic and glycocholic acids or with purified ox gall, the appearances are
intermediate between the two just described, but incline more to that produced by
the action of the glycocholic acid.
In order to determine whether the action of the glycocholic acid
stronger than
that of the taurocholic acid or the reverse a drop of taurocholic acid and a drop of
glycocholic acid are allowed to fall upon the wet wash of colour at a short distance
from each other. The glycocholic acid always then appears to be the more
energetic, inasmuch as the ring of colour produced by the taurocholic acid is
always penetrated by the colour repelled by the glycocholic acid.
From this it results that the taurocholic acid group is the one by which the
beneficial action is produced, whilst that of the glycocholic acid group is injurious
and that the presence of the glycocholic acid group is not desirable.

page_text: Accordingly the present invention consists in preparing water colours without
ox gall, and mixing with the particular colour taurocholic acid or its salts or taurin
glycocholic acid, free or combined, being eliminated as far as may be.
This may most advantageously be effected by mixing the particular colour with
thick liquid gun arabic and a water solution (5% being a suitable strength) of
taurocholic acid or its salts or taurin, equal parts being an appropriate proportion,
so that a mass of the consistence of thick soup is obtained. This mixture is finely
rubbed in a so-called mulling mill in the usual way. If the colour is to remain
moist and tubes are to be charged with it a proportion of glycerine is to be added.
If, on the other hand, the colour is to be prepared in the dry form in cakes or
tablets, the glycerine is omitted and the colour, prepared and mulled as described is
evaporated, and made to take the desired form by pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
A process for the manufacture of colours suitable for water-colour painting,
consisting in treating the colours in question with taurocholic acid, free from
glycocholic acid, or with the salts of such taurocholic acid, or with taurin,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dad 10th 1... CA
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.