Improvements in or applicable to Motor Engines Operated by the Combustion of Hydrocarbon Vapour or Gas and by the Expansion of Readily-liquefable Gases.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 30th Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Motor Engines Operated by the
Combustion of Hydrocarbon Vapour or Gas and by the Expansion
of Readily-liquefable Gases.
We, HENRY LOVE, of 23, My Lady's Road, Belfast, in the Counties of Antrim
and Down, Ireland, Mechanical Engineer, and PRIESTMAN BROTHERS, LIMITED,
of Holderness Foundry, in the Town and County of Kingston-upon-Hull,
Mechanical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
"
This invention relates to motor engines operated by the combustion of gas,
petroleum, benzoline or other hydrocarbon, and consists in the employment in the
jacket surrounding the motor-cylinder or combustion-chamber of a liquefiable gas
or vapour as a cooling agent; the gas or vapour generated upon the liquid becoming
heated being utilised for the purpose of producing motive power and subsequently
condensed for re-use in the cylinder-jacket.
In motor engines of the class above referred to and in which the combustion of
the inflammable charge takes place in the motor-cylinder, it has hitherto been usual
to water-jacket the cylinder for the purpose of moderating the temperature thereof
and to preserve the cylinder and piston in working condition. Such a treatment of
the motor-cylinder diminishes the efficiency of the engine in a serious degree; a
considerable portion of the heat generated by the combustion of the charge being
absorbed and conveyed away by the circulating water.
With the object of preserving and utilising the greater portion of the heat which
would otherwise be lost in the manner above described, we employ in the jacket
surrounding the motor-cylinder or combustion-chamber a liquefied gas or a readily-
volatilisable liquid, that is, a liquid which at a comparatively low temperature
assumes a gaseous form. The liquid being in contact with the heated walls of the
motor-cylinder or combustion-chamber, becomes converted into gas having a pressure
considerably above that of the atmosphere, and is utilised in an engine of any known
kind for the purpose of producing motive power; but, before admitting the gas to
the supplementary engine, we prefer to pass it through a chamber provided with a
heating coil, or through an equivalent contrivance, and there to expose it to the
heat of the exhaust gases which escape from the main engine. In this manner, a
portion of the heat which would otherwise be conveyed away by the exhaust gases
is utilised as well as a portion of the heat possessed by the circulating liquid. The
volatilised liquid, after having been used in a gaseous form in the supplementary
engine, is condensed and re-conveyed to the cylinder-jacket of the combustion-
engine, and the cycle of operations is completed. The supplementary or vapour
engine may be combined with the main or combustion engine, both being coupled
to the same shaft.
After the gas of the volatile liquid has been allowed to expand in the supple-
mentary engine, it requires but a slight further diminution of temperature to
re-convert it into liquid. The heat absorbed during the process of condensation is
therefore small compared with that lost where the motor-cylinder is water-
jacketed.
As a readily volatilisible liquid or liquefiable gas, we prefer to employ sulphur
di-oxide, but we would have it understood that almost any liquid which yields
expansive gas below the temperature at which water boils may be employed with
more or less satisfactory results.
Dated this 18th day of March 1801
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Motor Engines Operated by the
Combustion of Hydrocarbon Vapour or Gas and by the Expansion
of Readily-liqueflable Gases.
We, HENRY LOVE, of 23, My Lady's Road, Belfast, in the Counties of Antrim
and Down, Ireland, Mechanical Engineer, and PRIESTMAN BROTHERs, Limited,
of Holderness Foundry, in the Town and County of Kingston-upon-Hull,
Mechanical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to motor engines operated by the combustion of gas,
petroleum, benzoline or other bydrocarbon, and consists in the employment in the
jacket surrounding the motor-cylinder or combustion-chamber of a liquefiable gas
or vapour as a cooling agent; the gas or vapour generated upon the liquid becoming
heated being utilized for the purpose of producing motive power and subsequently
condensed for re-use in the cylinder-jacket.
In motor engines of the class above referred to and in which the combustion of
the inflammable charge takes place in the motor-cylinder, it has hitherto been usual
to water-jacket the cylinder for the purpose of moderating the temperature thereof
and to preserve the cylinder and piston in working condition. Such a treatment of
the motor-cylinder diminishes the efficiency of the engine in a serious degree; a
considerable portion of the heat generated by the combustion of the charge being
absorbed and conveyed away by the circulating water.
With the object of preserving and utilizing the greater portion of the heat which
would otherwise be lost in the manner above described, we employ in the jacket
surrounding the motor-cylinder or combustion-chamber a liquefied gas or a readily-
volatisable liquid, that is, a liquid which at a comparatively low temperature
assumes a gaseous form. The liquid, being in contact with the heated walls of
the motor-cylinder or combustion-chamber, becomes converted into gas having a
pressure considerably above that of the atmosphere, and is utilized in an engine of
any known kind for the purpose of producing motive power; but, before admitting
the gas to the supplementary engine, we prefer to pass it through a chamber
provided with a heating coil, or through an equivalent contrivance, and there to
expose it to the heat of the exhaust gases which escape from the main engine. In
this manner, a portion of the heat which would otherwise be conveyed away by the
exhaust gases is utilized, as well as a portion of the heat possessed by the circulating
liquid. The volatilised liquid, after having been used in a gaseous form in the
supplementary engine, is condensed and re-conveyed to the cylinder-jacket of the
combustion-engine, and the cycle of operations is complete. The supplementary or
vapour engine may be combined with the main or combustion engine; both being
coupled to the same shaft.
After the gas of the volatile liquid has been allowed to expand in the supple-
mentary engine, it requires but a slight further diminution of temperature to
re-convert it into liquid. The heat absorbed during the process of condensation is
therefore small compared with that lost where the motor-cylinder is water-jacketed
in the usual manner.
As a readily-volatisable liquid or liquefiable gas, we prefer to employ sulphur
di-oxide, but we would have it understood that almost any liquid which yields
expansive gas below the temperature at which water boils may be employed with
more or less satisfactory results.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we claim :-
1. In a motor engine operated by the combustion of hydrocarbon vapour or gas,
the employment. in the cylinder-iacket and as a cooling-accent of a liquefied cas ou

page_text: a readily-volatisable liquid, the gas or vapour generated therefrom as the result of
exposure to the heated walls of the motor-cylinder or combustion-chamber being
utilized for the production of motive power, and being subsequently condensed for
re-use in the cylinder-jacket.
2. In a motor engine operated by the combustion of hydrocarbon vapour or gas
and wherein a liquefied gas or readily-volatisable liquid is used as a cooling agent in
the cylinder-jacket, the gas or vapour generated from such liquid being applied for
the production of motive power and then condensed for re-use, subjecting such gas
or vapour, prior to its use for the production of motive power, to the heating
influence of the exhaust gases escaping from the motor-cylinder of the combustion-
engine.
Dated the 24th day of December 1891.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Chartered Patent Agent.