Improvements in and relating to Waterproofing Silk, Cotton, Wool, and other Threads and Fabrics made therefrom.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 27th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 2nd Oct., 1897
Improvements in and relating to Waterproofing Silk, Cotton, Wool,
and other Threads and Fabrics made therefrom.
We, WILLIAM CHARLES KIPLING, of Great Cornard, Sudbury, Suffolk,
Manager, and EDWARD ARNOLD of Sudbury aforesaid, Sub-manager, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention relates to improvements in and relating to waterproofing silk,
cotton, wool and other threads and fabrics made therefrom and the objects of our
invention are (1) to lessen the cost of waterproofing (2) to render the waterproofing
less noticeable and (3) to obviate the necessity of so carefully handling the fabric
when waterproofed.
In carrying our invention into practice we preferably waterproof the threads
before said threads are woven up into fabric and the waterproofing compound
which we employ consists of 8 ozs. of Sulphate of Alumina, 4 ozs. of Acetate of
Lead, oz. Tannin and one gallon of condensed or soft water.
Fabric which has been rendered waterproof in the manner described does not
show the waterproofing as is the case when the fabric has been waterproofed in
the ordinary manner.
The cost of waterproofing is lessened and the thread does not require such very
careful handling during waterproofing as is necessary when the fabric is being
treated.
The fabric when woven up of waterproofed thread is more thoroughly water-
proof than fabric which has been waterproofed in the hitherto ordinary manner
and the waterproofing is also less noticeable. The threads are also to some extent
strengthened by being treated in the compound set out.
We wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to any particular
kind of thread and that said thread may be treated at any stage of its manufacture
or if desired the threads may be first woven into fabric and said fabric treated with
my improved waterproofing solution.
Dated this 5th day of October 1896
WILLIAM CHARLES KIPLING,
EDWARD ARNOLD,
Improvements in and relating to Waterproofing Silk, Cotton, Wool,
and other Threads and Fabrics made therefrom.
We, WILLIAM CHARLES KIPLING, of Great Cornard, Sudbury, Suffolk,
Manager, and EDWARD ARNOLD, of Sudbury, Suffolk, Sub-manager, do hereby
Price 8d 1

page_text: declare the nature of this Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention relates to improvements in and relating to waterproofing, after
dyeing, threads of silk, wool, fax, cotton and other fibrous substances used in
forming fabrics.
In carrying out our invention we waterproof threads which have passed through
the hands of the dyer and the ingredients which we employ for waterproofing are
sulphate of alumina and acetate of lead, each made separately into solution in
distilled water, and then mixed so as to form in their proper proportions a pure
solution of acetate or alumina. A solution of tannic acid is added to the previous
solution after precipitation has taken place, and after the further precipitation the
resulting clear solution gives our waterproofing compound. Care to be taken that
this tannic acid is of very good quality and should be the crystallized body.
One chemical formula which we have found to answer well in practice is a
mixture of 3 ounces of sulphate of Alumina, 4 ounces of acetate of lead, ounce
of Tannin and one gallon of distilled water. The sulphate of alumina is found to
be somewhat in excess of the quantity required to form acetate of alumina when
mixed in solution with the acetate of lead. But in treating different materials the
proportions in this chemical formula need not be very closely adhered to, as we
have found that especially in treating silk threads the proportions, 5 ounces of
sulphate of alumina, 4 ounces of acetate of lead, ounce of Tannin, and one
gallon of distilled water give a good result. We consider that an excess of
Sulphate of Alumina, beyond that necessary to form the acetate of alumina, to a
greater amount than that last above stated, is unnecessary. The threads are
dipped in the compound formed as we have directed, the amount of dipping
varying according to the character of the material under treatment, and are then
allowed to dry.
We are aware that it is not new to employ acetate or other salts of alumina for
the purposes of waterproofing threads and fabrics, but goods so treated do not
present the advantages we shew as the result of our treatment. We find that the
presence of Tannin in the final solution, improves, fixes and renders permanent
the waterproofing, while at the same time it shrinks and strengthens the
threads.
Our method of waterproofing makes the colors fast or permanent, especially
when dealing with delicate hues, and the "feel" and "finish" of the fabrics
more especially silk fabrics-is considerably improved. A fabric when woven up
of threads which have been waterproofed by such compound is thoroughly water-
proof, free from odour, and the waterproofing is not noticeable.
Fabric which is already formed may be treated by our improved compound in
the same manner as threads before weaving the amount of dipping being
regulated by the thickness and character of the material-with advantageous
results, and we may point out a special advantage in the use of such compound in
respect that a substantial shrinkage takes place whilst the fabrics are being
waterproofed, thus obviating in some cases the necessity of special treatment for
shrinkage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. Preparing threads (after dyeing) for being formed into waterproof fabrics
by means of a compound consisting of sulphate of alumina, acetate of lead, tannic
acid and distilled water, substantially as set forth.
2. The treatment of fabrics (after dyeing) with a compound consisting of
sulphate of alumina, acetate of lead, tannic acid and distilled water, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 3. The employment of a solution of Tannic acid in combination with a pure
solution of acetate of alumina as and for the purposes aforesaid.
Doted the 27th day of Man 1907
WILLIAM CHARLES KIPLING,
EDWARD ARNOLD,
By their Agents,
Horn, Son & Co.,
151 Strand, (next to Somerset House) London.
WILLIAM CHARLES KIPLING,
EDWARD ARNOLD,
By their Agents,
Horn, Son & Co.,
151 Strand, (next to Somerset House) London.