IMPROVED Apparatus for LIGHTING AND VENTILATING
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Rigby and Joseph Rigby, both of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
Apparatus for LIGHTING AND VENTILATING.”
Sealed the 25th September 1874, and dated the 4th August 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Rigby and Joseph
Rigby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th August 1874.
We, JOHN RIGBY and JOSEPH RIGBY, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancastor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND VENTILATING," to be as
follows:-
This apparatus relates to what are known as "sunlights," and is
intended to increase the ventilating power of such lights at the same
time that it decreases the heat produced in the ventilating pipe to a
very considerable degree, and thus reduces to a minimum the danger of
fire produced by the overheating of the ventilating pipe, the light
produced is also at the same time improved in steadiness and brilliancy.

page_text: The inverted cup or reflector over the sunlight burner is attached to
the lower extremity of a tube which tapers upwards, and the upper and
smaller end of this tube is placed within tho trumpet or funnel-shaped
mouth of a second tube rather larger in diameter so that a current of air is
drawn in between the upper end of the first tube and the lower end of the t
second tube, and the upper end of the latter is also similarly inserted
into the trumpet or funnel-shaped mouth of a third tube still larger in
diameter, so that a second current of air is drawn in all round, thus
increasing the ventilation, and these two currents of air being drawn
into the tube will very greatly diminish the heat of the said tube so as 1
to decrease the danger of fire from any overheating of the tube which
passes out of the building between the ceiling of the room and the floor
above.
The third tube may either terminate just above the ceiling or it may
be carried to the outside, but in either case there is an opening in the 1
ceiling all round it forming the mouth of an earthenware pipe of larger
diameter which is the main ventilating pipe, and a third current of air
is drawn through this opening round the inner pipe. This earthenware
pipe, which forms the exterior casing, is also further protected by one
or more coatings of a non-conducting cement, and is the only part that 2
can come into contact with any portion of the woodwork of the building;
and by reason of the three separate currents of air, admitted as above
described, and the non-conducting cement, the temperature of its
exterior surface is so far reduced that there is no possibility of danger
therefrom. The steady draught also, which is caused by this arrange-
ment at the same time that it effects a most perfect ventilation of the
apartment and carries off all the carbon, increases the brilliancy and
steadiness of the light.
In some cases where the sunlight is very large, and consequently
the heat produced is very great, a second earthenwaro pipo of still 8
larger diameter may be used to enclose the one above-named so as to
have a stratum of air between the two, but in ordinary cases this is
unnecessary.
In cases where the sunlight is a considerable distance below the
milian man than the matinal
1

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Lotters Patent,
filed by the said John Rigby and Joseph Rigby in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 3rd February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, JOHN
RIGBY and JOSEPH RIGBY, both of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said John Rigby and Joseph Rigby,
Her special license that we, the said John Rigby and Joseph Rigby, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Rigby and Joseph Rigby, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND
VENTILATING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
John Rigby and Joseph Rigby, our exccutors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Rigby and Joseph Rigby, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to
say) :—
This apparatus relates principally to what are known as "sunlights,"
and is intended to increase the ventilating power of such lights at the
same time that it decreases the heat produced in the ventilating pipo to

page_text: a very considerable degree, and thus reduces to a minimum the danger
of fire produced by the overheating of the ventilating pipe, the light
produced is also at the same time improved in steadiness and brilliancy.
Such being the nature and object of our said Invention, we will now
proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to
be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, and in order that
the same may be clearly understood we have annexed hereunto a Sheet
of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures
and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof :-
Fig. 1 is a vertical section showing the application of our Invention
to a sunlight gas burner, and Fig. 2 is a similar section of a modification
of the same.
The inverted cup or reflector a, a, over the sunlight burner b, b, is
attached to the lower extremity of a tube c, c, which tapers upwards,
and the upper and smaller end of this tube c, c, is placed within the
trumpet or funnel-shaped mouth of a second tube d, d, rather larger in
diameter, so that a current of air is drawn in between the upper end of
the first tube and the lower end of the second tube, and the upper end
of the latter is also similarly inserted into the trumpet or funnel-shaped
mouth of a third tube e, e, still larger in diameter, so that a second
current of air is drawn in all round, thus increasing the ventilation; and
these two currents of air being drawn into the tube, as shown by the
arrows, will very greatly diminish the heat of the said tube so as to
decrease the danger of fire from any overheating of the tube which
passes out of the building between the ceiling f,f, of the room and the
floor g, g, above.
The third tube may either terminate just above the ceiling or it may
be carried to the outside, but in either case there is an opening h, h, in
the ceiling all round it forming the mouth of all carthenware pipo i, i,
of larger diameter, which is the main ventilating pipe, and a third
current of air is drawn through this opening round the inner pipe.
These threo tubes are enclosed and concealed by an ornamental per-
forated pipe k, k. The earthenware pipe i, i, which forms the exterior
casing is also further protected by one or more coatings of a non-
conducting cement, and is the only part that can come into contact with
any portion of the woodwork of the building, and by reason of the three
-

page_text: séparate currents of air, admitted as above-described, and the non-
conducting cement, the temperature of its exterior surface is so far
reduced that there is no possibility of danger therefrom. The steady
draught also which is caused by this arrangement at the same time that
it effects a most perfect ventilation of the apartment and and carries off
all the carbon, increases the brilliancy and steadiness of the light.
In some cases where the sunlight is very large, and consequently
the heat produced is very great, a second earthenware pipe of still larger
diameter may be used to enclose the one above named so as to
have a stratum of air between the two, but in ordinary cases this is
unnecessary.
In cases where the sunlight is a considerable distance below the
ceiling more than three vertical pipes may be employed, as shown at
Fig. 2, and instead of the tubes being made cylindrical with trumpet
mouths they may all be made conical, as represented in this Figuro.
These conical tubes or the trumpet-mouthed tubes, connected as shown
in the Drawing, may also in some cases be advantageously employed,
apart from the gas burners, for ventilating purposes only, to admit pure
air or to withdraw the vitiated air from an apartment.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be per-
formed or carried into practical effect, we wish it to be understood that
we claim as our Invention, the improved apparatus for lighting and
ventilating herein-before described and represented by the Drawings
annexed, or any mere imitation or modification thereof, constructed and
operating in substantially the same or a similar manner.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Rigby and Joseph Rigby,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-ninth day of
January, in the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred