RUVIDIONAL DI MUITICATION Improvements in Radiators.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 19th May, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 10th Feb., 1992-Accepted, 23rd Apr., 1892
RUVIDIONAL DI MUITICATION
Improvements in Radiators.
FREDERIC WILLIAM BARKER 7 Ferndale Road Sefton Park, Liverpool
Heating and Ventilating Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
By
"radiators" I refer more particularly to groups of heating tubes, or coils, or
their equivalent, with or without internal, external or adjacent air passages, as used
in heating the air of, or for, apartments, buildings, etc., etc., by hot water, steam, or
gas, etc., etc.
The invention renders possible the wider use of radiators for heating and
ventilation, adapting them for use with any hot water or steam or other heating
apparatus working at any pressure or temperature, and is as follows, viz. :-
22
Instead of limiting the adoption of radiators for use with one or two specific
kinds of heating apparatus, I, by a series of combinations, render possible their use
with any heat supply. When effecting this I combine within, or in connection
with, the radiator any kind of heat supply, hereinafter termed the "main heat
supply, that circumstances may render most convenient to use for conveying or
primarily supplying, the heat to it; with any different system of high, medium, or
low pressure hot water or steam heating or sealed hot water tubes etc. etc. that may
be most suitable for the purpose. The radiator and its appurtenances being
suitably and specially constructed in each case for the system or combination
employed.
Thus, when steam forms the main heat supply" I may construct radiator so
that the greater portion of its surface is heated by water, at either low, medium, or
high pressure, this absorbing its heat from the steam "main heat supply," or when
low, medium, or high pressure hot water is used for "main heat supply" I may
combine this in radiator with water at the same or any different pressure or
temperature.
I provide within the closed base or other part of radiators, means of regulating
or shutting off the heat from the radiator tubes without necessarily shutting off the
main supply, also arranging the base of radiator when necessary, so that an
independent hot water or other supply main or its equivalent, may be carried or
formed, to act as a How or return connection to the same or other radiator, or to
the boiler, etc.
The main heat supply "may be generated at, & conveyed from, a distance, or
may be generated close to, or, in actual connection with, the radiator, especially
the latter if gas be used.
I will now describe more fully the application of the improvements embodied in
this invention, and give examples where necessary, of the manner in which same is
performed.
In utilizing a "main heat supply" of say steam or high, or medium pressure hot
water, for heating radiator I may combine within radiator the "main heat supply
together with, say, low pressure hot water; a mode of effecting this combination,
and a suitable form of radiator being as follows, viz.:-The lower portion or base is
hollow, forming a closed receptacle or its equivalent, into the top of which I
connect a series of tubes or their equivalent, for containing water, communicating
with the base. These tubes are also connected to each other near the top, allowing
the water, and any air, within each, to communicate with the end or other tube, to
which is attached an air escape tap.
Within the hollow base, I fix a coil or lengths of piping, or their equivalent
forming part of the “maiu heat supply ” apparatus, this section of this apparatus

page_text: not being necessarily of the same area or description as the remainder, providing it
is suitable for working in connection, with same.
When this is in the form of a coil etc. for high pressure "main supply "it is
surrounded by, and lies in, the water contained in base, the two systems being
otherwise distinct. The water in the radiator tubes is thus heated by the section of
the heat supplying apparatus situated in the base.
The base may be made in two or more parts for bolting or otherwise connecting
together, when necessary to provide for the placing inside of a coil, or other
portion of the main supply," the connections of latter projecting out if necessary
at either end or elsewhere, and the joints made tight in a suitable manner.
The radiating tubes are preferably an irregular or flattened octagon in external
section, giving a large radiating surface as compared with their internal capacity.
Each preferably contains an air passage for the circulation of air up nearly the
centre, and is then almost entirely surrounded by waterway, the exception being,
one side of the octagon which is single & has no waterway. The air passage is, in
section, like the closed in interior of a letter U, the two straight ends of the U
starting from the solid or non waterway side of the octagon. The waterway nearly
surrounding the air passage is, roughly speaking, U shaped in section.
At the top
of the tubes, the air passage is slightly enlarged at the expense of the waterway,
allowing the warmed air to be more readily diffused. The air passage commences,
and the air enters at a vertical opening in the solid or non-waterway face of the
tube, slightly above the top of base. These openings are preferably situated at
back of radiator when the tubes are fixed in position, after which, this part of the
whole of the tubes may be closed in by a false front or plinth & top, or their
equivalents, attached to the top of base; an oblong opening or an inlet, being left in
this plinth, regulated by a hit-and-miss grating, or pivoted flat, angular or curved
deflecting shutter. A similar space is formed at the front of radiator also, air
entering into this, passes through between the lower end of tubes, to the back space,
and thence into the air passages of the tubes. The back of radiator may be placed
opposite a ventiduet or opening in wall, communicating with the external air,
suitably regulated or closed by the shutter, which may be separate from radiator.
The tubes are preferably connected to base by means of holes in the top of
latter, surrounded by an annular groove in which is laid a ring of india rubber or
other packing material. Each tube near the bottom, is tapered to a round section,
below this again, but above the part fitting into hole in base, is situated a projecting
flange which rests upon the ring of packing material. At two or more regular
intervals in the circumference of the flange are situated projections or further
continuations of the flange each having an inclined plane in the direction of the
circumference and each extending about one eighth (or more or less) of same.
These wedge shaped projections are placed so that when the tube is turned round a
little on the base, they gradually come under overhanging ledges or their equivalents,
attached to or forming part of the base. The thinnest portion or edges enter first,
and the thicker portions following gradually force the tube downwards, the flange
of same compressing the ring on which it rests making the joint. In addition, or
instead the tubes may be bolted to each other, or to base, or they may be screwed
and the base tapped to receive them, or any other, usual, method may be adopted.
The tubes are preferably connected together near the top with short tubes,
ferrules or nipples, having a collar around the centre, against each side of which a
ring or washer of rubber or other material is placed. The ends of this nipple are
inserted in holes facing each other in the sides of the radiator tubes near top-these
holes having an annular space or groove around, to partly receive the ring. The
sides of the tubes are then forced towards each other with bolts passed thro' lugs
projecting at the top, screwed up so as to compress the rings. Or instead of bolts,
the nipples may be screwed with right and left hand threads, & the holes in tubes,
tapped to correspond, the centre of nipple then being hexagonal in shape; or the
nipples may be formed on the tubes themselves. The tubes are preferably sur-
mounted by an ornamental perforated cap or its equivalent.

page_text: For supplying the radiator or heating apparatus with water and means of
expansion, I connect it to a supply and expansion valve, or to an open cistern, or
its equivalent, placed at a higher level, and out of sight if possible.
If a valve is
used, I preferably adopt an improved combination expansion and supply valve,
constructed as follows, viz. :-The body of valve is shaped, the valves being
situated above each other at the top and bottom respectively, of the vertical
portion, an internal passage through which, communicates with a similar passage
through horizontal portion, which is connected to a pipe or pipes, leading to
radiator etc., thro' side of cistern. The top or expansion valve consists of a spindle
with tapered bottom, resting on a seating formed by the termination of vertical
passage, a superincumbent weight, which may be made of any required size to
regulate the blow off pressure, being attached. This spindle is preferably triangular
in section, the points of the angles forming guides; and it is surrounded by an
outer tube or casing which is extended up to a point above the water line of cistern.
Released water flowing from this, is caught in a cup or rim, formed around this
outer tube, at a lower (but above the water) level. It is finely perforated or
otherwise arranged to filter the water before latter falls into cistern. The bottom
or supply valve is situated in the lower limb of the body, the head of the spindle
forming this valve, is enlarged, and rests on a seating inside, pressure from within
closing it tightly. When radiators to which this valve may be attached or con-
nected, are cooled down after use, the water which was previously thrown out at
the top valve, is drawn back through the bottom inlet, upon bottom valve rising-
this being situated below the water line in cistern. To assist this suction power
caused by the vacuum created, and to diminish or overcome the resistance to same,
which the weight of the bottom spindle offers, I attach to it at the bottom pro-
jecting down out of body of valve, a small hollow copper watertight ball or other
float of less gravity than the bulk of water which it displaces. This appliance, or
its equivalent, is arranged to have, when immersed, a lifting power nearly equal to
the weight of the spindle or valve, to which it is attached, or which it otherwise
influences wholly or partly neutralizing the resistance which same offers to any
suction power exerted from within. This assistance is only rendered when below
the water line should the latter fall too low, the "float" then assists in keeping
the valve closed, by reason of its specific weight which is partly lost when immersed
in water. When the bottom spindle rises or falls during the inflow of water, it is
made to revolve slightly, in order to prevent chance of sticking, by means of
narrow helical blades or their equivalent attached to, or formed on, spindle or float.
The working parts of this valve are silver plated-this, placing the top valve above
waterline, providing a straining cup, balancing, and providing for rotary movement
of the bottom valve, are the special points.
When providing for expansion and supply of water by an open cistern with or
without the valve is not convenient I adopt any ordinary open feed arrangement at
the top of radiator, preferably under the ornamental capping to tubes.
When the sinallness of the pressure of "main heat supply" to radiator permits,
I dispense with the coil or other separate section placed inside, and utilize the base
itself, or its equivalent, as a section of the "main supply," and I may close the
bottom ends of the vertical tubes projecting into the base. Two or more rows of
tubes may be inserted into one base, and the radiators may be of circular or other
form when desired. Three-way or other stop valves, etc., for shutting off or
diverting the heat may be used, but where possible I prefer to regulate the heat in
the radiator tubes by means of a wing or pivoted shutter or its equivalent, situated
within the base, and actuated from the outside preferably by a handle attached to
one end of its axis projecting through base, and made tight with gland and packing
The normal position of this wing is preferably vertical, and upon it being
turned to horizontal position within the base, it then intervenes between the source
of heat and the bottom of the tubes, shutting off the heat from them. The base
may be divided longitudinally, to form a separate waterway, or it may be arched
underneath, for independent piping to pass under.
etc.

page_text: For providing for. the escape of air from the water in radiator, I fix to one
or more of its tubes, or other part, a small improved screw down tap, constructed
as follows, viz. -The body is cylindrical and is pierced with hole of small
diameter. The bottom is screwed for connecting to radiator, and above this is a
hexagon flange for screwing it in. Near the top is a projecting flange upon which
is screwed a hollow cap, having a hole in the top, tapped for a screwed portion of a
short valve or spindle to turn in. This spindle is tapered at its bottom end,
situated inside the cap, and rests upon a seating formed by a slight enlargement of
the upper end of hole through body of tap. The top of the spindle projects
through cap and is squared for a loose key. The part of the spindle just below
screwed portion, has a shoulder, preventing it from being entirely screwed out of
cap with the key, stopping it after a few turns. The spindle. is pierced with a hole
down say about half its length, which hole is then continued at an angle sideways-
this side opening being at a part situated inside cap. The tap is closed when the
spindle is screwed to seating, & open when raised-when so, escaping air enters the
hollow cap from below, escaping thence thro' the passage in spindle and out at
the top of same. The key fits over the square head and has a passage thro' its
bandle corresponding to that on the spindle, continued thro one of the arms of
cross handle, thus escaping water is instantly apparent and can be stopped or
'caught. The valve is plated with silver, to prevent corrosion.
In utilizing a "main heat supply" of say steam, at high, medium or low pressure,
or of hot water at medium pressure, combined with say, high pressure hot water, in
a ventilating or other radiator, I may combine "main heat supply" with either
sealed tubes, or with the ordinary circulating high pressure hot water system,
arranged in the form of radiator or coils or their equivalent, the combinations being
preferably effected and the radiators constructed, as follows, viz. -Into a series of
holes formed in a strong hollow base, forming a steam or water chamber for "main
heat supply" I project the lower ends of a number of wrought iron tubes of small
diameter, these tubes being previously hermetically sealed at both ends after being
partly filled with water. The fixing of the tubes into the base is effected with
back nuts on either side or in any other manner, so that the chamber be thoroughly
tight and capable of sustaining internal pressure when necessary. These sealed
tubes are fixed so that the water within them gravitates towards the base or heat
chamber, absorbing and conducting its heat from same.
The base, or heating chamber may be relieved of the water of condensation
where steam is used, by means of a suitable steam trap or by gravitation down to
the boiler.
When combining the ordinary high pressure hot water circulating system
(instead of separate sealed tubes) in radiator with "main supply," the former is
arranged in the form of a coil or endless circuit, and part of the lower portion
is enclosed within the base or heat chamber. The circuit is not necessarily
confined in one radiator. The expansion and supply of water is provided for the
high pressure circuit by means of the improved combination valve hereinbefore
described, or with expansion tubes. The whole may be enclosed with perforated
panels and top.
When with any of the combinations of systems in radiators, herein referred to, I
may use gas.a's the primary source of heat, I prefer that its combustion be effected
close to or within the radiator in a space formed for the purpose, preferably below
the lowest part containing water.
Other combinations may be effected also in a manner similar to those herein-
before described.
Doted this 15th day of May 1801

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Radiators.
I FREDERIC WILLIAM BARKER, 7, Ferndale Road, Liverpool, Heating and
Ventilating Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement :-
32
By radiators I refer more particularly to groups of heating tubes, or coils,
or their equivalent; (including the various appurtenances to, or used in connection
with, same,) and with or without internal, external, or adjacent air passages, as
used in heating the air of, or for, apartments, buildings, &c., &c., by hot water and
steam.
"
The improvements," especially the combinations hereinafter described, render
possible the wider use of radiators for heating and ventilation, adapting them for
use with, practically, any hot water or steam heating apparatus working at any
pressure or temperature; and are as follows, viz. :—
(1) Instead of limiting the adoption of radiators for use with one or two specific
kinds of heating apparatuses, 1, by a series of combinations, render possible
their use with any hot water or steam heat supply. To effect this, the system
of heat supply available (hereinafter termed the "main heat supply ") is introduced
into a separate coil or chamber, situated preferably within the base of radiator,
its heat being conducted to the remainder of radiator by means of water with
which the latter is independently supplied and which absorbs heat from the said
coil or chamber by reason of its contact with same.
In other words two separate systems are combined or brought into contact
within the same radiator.
The radiator and those appurtenances hereinafter described, being suitably or
specially constructed in each case for the system, or combination of systems,
employed.
::
Thus, when steam forms the "main heat supply" to be utilized for heating a
radiator, I may construct the radiator so that all, or the greater portion of its
radiating surface is heated by water, arranged to work at either low, medium, or
high pressure, this water absorbing & deriving its heat from the steam "main heat
supply contained preferably within the base or closed receptacle at bottom of
radiator, or within a coil or its equivalent contained within same, the two systems
in either case, being combined, or brought into contact in the one radiator, but
otherwise being distinct. I do not claim the using or combining in a radiator, of
a steam "main heat supply" with steam at a different pressure.
::
Or, when low, medium, or high pressure, hot water is used for the "main heat
supply to be utilized for heating a radiator, I may combine same with water to
work at any different pressure, constructing the radiator in a suitable manner for
effecting this combination. I do not claim any combination of heating mediums
wherein the heat is generated by the combustion of gas, or any other fuel in actual
contact with radiator.
(2) I provide within the closed base or hollow receptacle or other part of
radiator, means of regulating, or shutting off, the heat from the radiator tubes,
without necessarily shutting off or stopping the circulation of the heating medium
or main heat supply" from the base, or from passing through same.
I also, when necessary, or desirable, arrange the base or lower connecting
chambers of radiators, so that an independent hot-water, or other, supply main, or
its equivalent, may be carried under, or formed within same, to act as part of a
"flow" or * return
connection or main to the same or other radiator, or back to
O the boiler etc. These improvements applying to radiators used with a single system
of heating as well as to those used in effecting combinations of systems.
"
(3) Special air taps; combined supply & expansion valves; stop valves, and

page_text: '
"three-way or diverting valves are used; and also special fresh air
regulators.
I will now describe, more fully, the application of these improvements, and
examples, where necessary, of the manner in which same are carried out,
order that same may be more clearly understood, reference is made to the ann
drawings illustrative thereof, in which the same reference letters are use
indicate the same or like parts whenever they are repeated:
Fig. 1. is a vertical section of a radiator.
Fig. 2. is an end elevation of same.
Fig. 3. is a part longitudinal section, and part front elevation of same.
Fig. 4. is a horizontal section of same at five different levels respectively.
Fig. 5. is a vertical section of a modified form of radiator.
Fig. 6. is an end elevation of same.
Fig. 7. is a part longitudinal section, and part front elevation of same.
Fig. 8. is a horizontal section of same at five different levels respectively.
Fig. 9. is a vertical section of another modified form of radiator."
Fig. 10. is an end elevation of same.
Fig. 11. is a part longitudinal section and part front elevation of same.
Fig. 12. is a horizontal section of same at six different levels respectively.
Fig. 13. is a vertical section of another modified form of radiator.
Fig. 14. is an end elevation of same.
Fig. 15. is a part longitudinal section and part front elevation of same.
Fig. 16. is a horizontal section of same at six different levels respectively.
Fig. 17. is a vertical section of another modified form of radiator.
Fig. 18. is an end elevation of same.
Fig. 19. is a part longitudinal section and part front elevation of same.
Fig. 20. is a horizontal section of same at five different levels respectively.
Fig. 21. is a vertical section of another modified form of radiator.
Fig. 22. is a part front elevation of same.
Fig. 23. is a part horizontal section of same at two different levels.
Fig. 24. is a vertical section of another modified form of radiator.
Fig. 25. is a part longitudinal section and part front elevation of same.
Fig. 26. is a part elevation of the combined expansion and supply valve.
Fig. 27. is a vertical section through same.
Fig. 28. is a horizontal section of the improved diverting valve.
Fig. 29. is a plan of same.
Fig. 30. is a cross section through same.
Fig. 31. is a side elevation of same.
Fig. 32. is a vertical section of the improved air-escape tap, with key for sa
Fig. 33. is an elevation of the same.
Fig. 34. is an elevation of a modified form of the improved air-escape
showing also a modified form of the key for same in vertical section.
Fig. 35. is an end elavation showing a radiator having the pivoted an
deflecting shutter N (shown in vertical section) for regulating its supp
fresh air.
Fig. 36. is a part front elevation of the same radiator showing the position c
pivot M, to which is attached the actuating handle Q. the hub of which wor
the brake P.
In utilizing a "main heat supply" of, say steam, or high, or medium pre
hot water, for primarily supplying heat to radiators, I may combine within rad
the main heat supply" together with low pressure hot water, a mode of effe
this combination and suitable forms of radiator (applicable with slight modifica
to other combinations or for use with a single system of low pressure hot wat
steam heating) being as follows, and as illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4
annexed drawings viz. :-
The lower portion, base, or connecting_chamber A, is a closed receptacle
equivalent, at, or into the top, of which, I connect a series of vertical tubes

page_text: their equivalent, for containing water, a, communicating with the base. These
tubes are also connected to each other near, or at the top, allowing the water, and
any air, which may have collected within each, to circulate, and to communicate
with the end or other of the tubes, to which may be attached an air escape tap, b,
the special construction of which is hereinafter to be described.
Within the hollow base A, I fix a coil C, or lengths of piping connected together,
or their equivalent, such as is obtained by forming a separate chamber at the bottom
of the base A, forming part of the "main heat supply" apparatus C, the enclosed
section of this apparatus not being necessarily of the same area or description as
the remainder of the apparatus, providing it is suitable for working as part of, or
in connection with same.
When this section C, is part of a high-pressure "main heat supply "it is most
convenient for it to be in the form of a coil as shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 4, and it is
then surrounded by, and lies in the water, a, contained in the base, A, of the
radiator, the two systems, i.e., that within the coil C, and the low pressure water a,
in the radiator base and tubes, etc., being otherwise distinct. The water a, thus
being heated by that within the coil Č.
The base A may be made in two or more parts for bolting or otherwise
connecting together, when necessary to provide for the placing inside of a coil C,
the connections or ends C¹ of the latter projecting out, if necessary, at either end
or elsewhere, and the joints made tight in a suitable manner.
-The radiating tubes B are in cross section preferably of the shape shown, each
preferably containing an air passage D, as shown, for the circulation of air, which
passage is then almost entirely surrounded by waterway, the exception being one
of the eight sides, c, which is single and has no waterway. This exception may be
dispensed with however, and the air passage formed in the centre of, and completely
surrounded by the waterway, as shown in Figs. 8 and 12, which illustrate modified
forms of these tubes B.
I do not claim as novel, the external sectional shape of these tubes, nor the
provision of an air tube or passage within radiator tubes.
The air passage D, commences and the air enters, at an opening D', in the face.
of the tabe, slightly above the top of base or closed receptacle A and the air
passage D does not, therefore, pass through or traverse or extend into same, this
being an important point.
The opening D' is preferably situated in the solid or nonwaterway face
those tubes having same.
C, of
These openings D' are preferably situated at back of radiator when the tubes B.
are fixed in position after which, this part of the whole of the tubes may be closed
in and a horizontal air passage D³, formed, connecting all the openings D', by a
plate E, or its equivalent, attached to, or formed at, the top of base A; an oblong
opening, or air inlet, being left in same, the fresh air supply, to which may, if**
desired, be regulated preferably by a special pivoted angular or curved, deflecting
shutter, to be hereinafter described.
"
Air.
A similar space D³ may be formed at the front of radiator also, as shown.
entering into this, preferably through a "hit and miss or other grating R, passes.
through between the lower ends of tubes B, to the corresponding back space D³,.
and thence into the air passages D, of the tubes. The entrance openings D¹ may
be at the front or sides instead of, or in addition to being at the back, and the
same applies to the exit openings D2, which latter may be at the top instead, as
shown.
The back of radiator is preferably placed opposite a ventiduct or opening in wall,.
above floor level, communicating with the external or other fresh air supply, the
latter being then regulated or closed by a pivoted angular deficcting shutter N,
hereinafter described in respect of Figs. 35 and 36.
The tubes B, are attached to base and top by means of flanges and bolts.
The tubes are preferably surmounted by an ornamental perforated cap e, or its.
equivalent.

page_text: .
Where possible, I prefer to regulate the heat in radiator tubes, by means of a wing
or pivoted shutter, as shown by F, or an equivalent arrangement or device having
a like object, and situated within the base, and actuated from the outside of
radiator preferably by a handle f, attached to one end of its axis, or connected to
it in any other convenient manner, and projecting through base or connecting
chamber, or any other part of radiator, and made water or steam tight with gland
and packing etc., in the ordinary manner. The normal position of this wing F, is
preferably vertical, and upon its being turned to a horizontal position within the
base or connecting chamber, into which the heating medium is conducted, it then
intervenes between the source of heat, and the bottom of the tubes, shutting off, or
diverting the heat from them, without the necessity of stopping the passage of the
heating medium through said base or connecting chamber, which latter is thus
rendered permanently available for use as a part of the "heat supply main" circuit,
whether the latter be shut off from the radiator tubes or not.
I do not claim that the heat is entirely shut off from the radiator tubes by the
employment of the internal flap F, but that the shutting off or regulation of the
heat is effected to a sufficient degree for practical purposes.
Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, show a radiator with modified forms of the tubes B, and the
air passages D, the latter being entirely surrounded by waterway, and having their
exit opening D2, situated at the front of tubes. This radiator is also suitable and
is shown in the drawings, for use with a single system of low pressure hot water or
steam heating.
There is also shown a convenient mode of shutting off, or regulating the heat
within the radiator tubes, while providing for the base or connecting chamber being
permanently available as a portion of the main heat supply circuit. The interior
of the base is divided longitudinally into two distinct chambers or passages, by the
plate G, situated either side by side, or one above another, the radiator tubes being
connected to one only of these chambers. The heat supply main is connected to one
end of radiator by a special three-way or Y shaped stop or diverting valve I, more
fully illustrated by Figs. 28, 29, 30 and 31, two branches or legs J and J', of which
are connected, one to each of the two separate chambers in the base. Within the
valve I is a pivoted, or other wing, or shutter K, actuated by an external handle,
made water or steam tight with gland and packing in the usual manner. This wing
can be turned so that either the branch J, may be closed and branch J', left open,
or vice versa, which ever may be required; it is obvious that it may also be fixed at
any point between these two extremes. The effect of closing the branch J, leading
to the chamber to which the waterway a, of the radiator tubes is connected, is to
divert the flow of the heating medium to the other chamber, which latter simply
forms part of the heat supply circuit. At the other end of radiator, the circuit is
continued through a similar shaped Y piece I', there is no necessity for this to
contain any wing or valve however, so that the supply of heat to the radiator tubes
is thus placed under control by the use of only one stop valve.
For effecting a combination of systems the base A, can instead, be arranged as
Fig. 1.
Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12, show another modification of radiator, for effecting the
combination of medium pressure hot water, or medium or low pressure steam
(contained in the lower chamber C, which in this radiator is used instead of the
separate coil C, shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4) with low pressure hot water, a, a, in
the upper chamber of base and tubes and which is heated by conduction from the
water in the chamber below. Other modifications of the previous figures, are the
situation of the exit D², at the front of top connecting chamber, and the bolting of
the tubes B, to corresponding flanges formed above the top of base A instead of
directly to the base. There is also shown the air tap . The omission of the
horizontal division z in the base A, renders this radiator suitable for a single system
of low pressure hot water or steam heating.
Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16, show another modification of radiator suitable for
effecting a combination of heating mediums similar to that effected by the radiator

page_text: last described, but in a somewhat different manner.
When it is not desired to
utilize the base itself as part of the circuit of the heat supply main, and the latter
has to pass the radiator, I form the base or lower connecting chamber so that it is
arched across underneath, extending longitudinally, for independent piping g, to
pass under as shown.
These figures also show an improved method of connecting heat supply main to
radiator which is as follows:-U, U, are special tee pieces, the vertical legs of
which have a plain end, upon which runs a loose recessed gland, containing a
rubber or other ring. This gland is bolted to a corresponding projecting gland,
formed at the bottom of the body of an inverted plug valve V, or if a valve is not
required, to the elbow V, and around the opening in the side of the valve (or the
elbow) nearest radiator is formed another flange having an annular recess to partly
receive a rubber or other ring-this flange being bolted to a flange similar in shape,
but having no recess, formed at, or attached to end of radiator base.
The end of the tee piece nearest to radiator, is connected to the pipe, passing
under radiator, by means of a joint made in a similar manner to that between the
vertical leg of the tee piece, and the bottom of the valve V, the pipe, being cut
the exact length required, and set pins a, e, being screwed into same to keep it in
the requiret position in relatio. to the two tee pieces. This improved mode of
making the connection has the advantages of allowing a radiator to be removed at
any time, without difficulty; and when a valve V, is fixed at each end, these, when
closed, allow of the removal of a radiator without interfering with the tee pieces or
the working of the remainder of the heating apparatus. The expansion of the
radiator or connections in any direction, is also provided for, by the use of the
rubber rings, any of which latter can be renewed when required without difficulty.
The tubes B, are connected to base or closed receptacle A by means of holes in
the top of latter, surrounded by an annular groove, in which is laid a ring of iulia-
rubber or other packing material. The tubes B, near the bottom, are preferably
tapered to a round section, as shown by Figs. 13 and 16, and having a part fitting
into hole in base, above this being situated a projecting flange d, which rests upon
the ring of packing material. At two or more intervals in the circumference or.
surface of this flange d, are situated projections or extensions of same each having
an inclined plane in the direction of the circumference and each extending about
one eighth (or more or less) of same. These wedge shaped projections are placed
so that when the tube is turned round a little on the base, they gradually come
under overhanging ledges w, or their equivalents attached to or forming part of, the
base. The thinnest portion or edges enter first and the thicker portions following,
gradually force the flange d, downwards compressing the ring on which it rests,
making the joint.
Or instead, the tubes may be screwed and the base tapped to receive them, or
any, usual, method may be adopted.
The tubes are connected together near or at the top as shown by Figs. 13, 15,
and 16, with short tubes ferrules or nipples, having a collar around the centre
against each side of which a ring, or washer of rubber or other material is placed,
the ends of this nipple are inserted in holes facing each other in the sides of the
radiator tubes at or near top. These holes may have an annular groove around to
partly receive the ring of rubber-the sides of the tubes then being forced towards
each other with bolts Y, passed through lugs projecting at the top, screwed up, so
as to compress the rings or instead of bolts, the nipples may be screwed with right
and left hand threads and the holes in tubes tapped to correspond, the centre of
nipple then being hexagonal in shape. Or the nipples may be formed on the tubes
themselves, or any of the modes or provisions hereinbefore referred to for
connecting the tubes at the bottom may be utilized for the top.
:
The omission of the division Z in the base A renders the radiator suitable for
a single system of low pressure water or steam heating.
Figs. 17, 18, 19 and 20 show another modified form of radiator suitable for use
with a single system of low pressure hot water or steam heating. The special
12

page_text: points illustrated are, the outlet openings D² being at both top and front of tubes B;
the connection of these tubes to base A by means of backnuts screwed on to tube
from the inside of base and compressing the ring of packing material under
flange d. The base A is also nearly divided into two separate chambers by the
plate G¹, the "flow"
current passing along the upper chamber and returning along
the lower one this arrangement, or its equivalent, being specially adapted for
cases where the connections to radiator have to be both at the saine end. For
effecting a combination of systeins, the base A, can instead, be arranged as
Figs. 1 or 9.
of steam,
Figs. 21, 22 and 23, show a radiator for utilizing a "main heat supply
at high, medium or low pressure, or of hot water at medium pressure, combined
with, say, water arranged to work at high pressure.
Into a series of holes formed in a strong hollow base A, forming a steam or
water chamber for "main heat supply," are projected the lower ends of a number
of wrought iron tubes, S, of small diameter, these being previously hermetically
sealed at both ends after being partly filled with water. The fixing of the tubes
into the base is effected with back nuts W, on either side, or in any other manner,
so that the chamber may be thoroughly tight and capable of sustaining internal
pressure when necessary. These sealed tubes are fixed so that the water within
them gravitates towards the base or heat chamber, absorbing and conducting its
heat from same.
The base A, or heating chamber may be relieved of the water of condensation
where steam is used, by means of a suitable steam trap or by gravitation, or other-
wise.
I do not claim as novel the construction or use of the sealed hot water tubes S,
apart from the special application of them herein before described.
Figs. 24 & 25 show a radiator combining the ordinary high pressure hot water
circulating system (instead of separate sealed tubes S) in radiator, with "main
heat supply
the former is arranged in the form of a coil or endless circuit T
and T, and the lower portion T, is enclosed within the base or heating chamber A,
from which it absorbs its heat, conducting it to the upper portion T.
The expansion and supply of water is provided for the high pressure circuit by
means of the "combination expansion & supply valve," hereinafter described, and
shown by Figs. 26 and 27, or the expansion tubes ordinarily used; connected to
the leg of tee piece, shown in Figs. 24 and 25.
The whole may be enclosed with perforated panels and top.
For supplying the radiators effecting the combinations of systems hereinbefore
described (with reference to Figs. 1, 9, & 13) with water a, and means of expansion
of saine when heated, I connect them by means of a feed pipe to an open cistern
or its equivalent, placed at a higher level and out of sight, if possible.
::
If it be desirable to slightly restrict the expansion of the water and an expansion
valve is used, I preferably adopt an improved combined "expansion and supply
valve as shown by Figs. 26 and 27, and adjusted to a low pressure. The valve is
also applicable to the high pressure hot water heating apparatus, the superincum-
bent weight, being made of suitable size. This "expansion and supply valve
is constructed as follows, viz.-within the body h, are the expansion valve i, and
the supply valve j, one above the other as shown.
2
The valve i, consists of a spindle with tapered bottom, resting on a contraction
of vertical passage k, a superincumbent weight 1, or its equivalent, of any required
size, being attached, when necessary.
The middle portion of the spindle i, is preferably triangular in section, the points
of the angle forming guides; and it is surrounded by the upper limb of the body ;
released water, flowing from this, falls into the cistern. The head of the supply
valve rests on a seating formed as shown, and its lower portion is preferably
triangular in section. Pressure from within closes this valve j, tightly. When
radiator or heating apparatus to which the combination valve may be connected,
is cooled down after use, the water previously ejected upon the valve i, rising, 'is

page_text: drawn back through the bottom'inlet, upon bottom valve, j, rising,—this valve being
situated below waterline in cistern. To assist this suction power caused by the
vacuum created by the water cooling down, and to diminish or overcome the
resistance to this suction power, which the specific weight of the valve, j, offers, I
attach to the latter, preferably at its lower or projecting end, a small hollow copper
watertight ball, H, or other float of less gravity than the bulk of water which it
displaces. This appliance, or its equivalent is arranged to have, when immersed,
a lifting power nearly equal to the weight of the valve, j, wholly or partly
neutralizing the resistance which same offers to any suction power exerted from
within. This assistance it only renders when it is below the water line of cistern.
Should this line fall too low, the "float" then assists in keeping the valve closed
by reason of its specific weight which was partly neutralized when immersed,
When the valve j rises during the inflow of water, and afterwards falls, it may be
made to revolve slightly, in order to prevent chance of sticking, by means of
narrow helical blades m, or their equivalent attached to, or formed on the float H..
The valves may be electro plated, to prevent corrosion. I do not claim as novel,
the entire "combination expansion and supply valve," nor any features of same,
except those characterized in the twelfth claiming clause, hereinafter appended.
When providing for the expansion and supply of water by an open cistern or its
equivalent, with, or without the valves, is not convenient, I adopt any ordinary
open feed arrangement at the top of radiator, preferably under a removable
ornamental capping e, to tubes as shown in Figs. 1, 5, 9 & 13 etc., if same be
provided.
Figs. 28, 29, 30 and 31, show the improved diverting valve also shown in Figs. 6, 7,
& 8. J and J are the branches or legs, K, is the internal wing and K is the
external handle actuating same. The style of joints shown at the ends of valve
may be varied to suit special requirements.
When necessary to so provide for the escape of air, steam or water etc. from a
radiator, especially those heated by a single system of low pressure hot water, I
fix to one or more of its tubes, upper connecting chamber, or other part, preferably
at the highest point, an improved screw down tap as shown by Figs. 32, 33 and 34,
which communicates with the interior, and is constructed as foilows, viz. :-
The
The body n, is preferably cylindrical, and is pierced through with a hole 0, of
small diameter, the bottom of body being screw threaded for screwing into radiator,
and above this is a hexagon flange or collar for screwing it in by. Near the top of
body n, it widens, and above this point there is another threaded portion upon
which is screwed down and secured (by means of a pin through side, if necessary)
a hollow cap, p, having a hole in the top, which is tapped for, and to correspond
with a screw threaded portion of a short valve or spindle q, which turns in it, and
which is inserted from the inside of the cap, p, before latter is attached to the
body. This spindle q, is tapered at its bottom end, which is situated inside the
cap p, and (after the latter is attached to the body, n,) rests when screwed down,
upon a seating formed by a slight enlargement of the upper end of the hole or
passage o, through body n. The top of the spindle q, projects through cap p, and
the sides of the projecting or top portion are squared to fit a loose key r.
part of the spindle q, below its screwed portion, being thicker, forms a shoulder all
round, or otherwise, effectually preventing it from being cutirely screwed out of
cap p, from outside of same, by the key, or by any other means, stopping it after
a few turns, and thus preventing its removal or loss through carelessness or other-
wise, this being an important point in its construction. The spindle is pierced
with a hole o, down, say, about half its length, commencing preferably at the top,
and this passage is then continued in one or more directions at an angle sideways,
situated between the screwed portion and the tapered portion of spindle 7, and
of course inside the hollow cap. The tap is closed against air or water etc.
when the spindle is screwed down to seating, and open when raised from seating.
When so, air etc. escaping from radiator, enters the hollow cap from below,
escaping thence through the passage in spindle, and out through the top of latter.

page_text: The key r, fits over the square head, and has a passage, s, through its handle
corresponding with that in the perforated spindle and this is continued through one
of the arms of cross handle; thus escaping water is instantly apparent and can
be, stopped, or caught in a suitable manner this result being of especial value when
the tap is situated below the ornamental perforated capping, e, of a radiator, as it
obviates the necessity of removing same to attend to the tap. It may be plated to
prevent corrosion. The thread used for screwing the hollow cap p, to the body
may be left hand," while that employed for the spindle y, passing through top of
cap is preferably "right hand."
Fig. 35 shows radiator having the pivoted angular deflecting shutter N, for
regulating the inlet of fresh air to radiator when latter is placed opposite a
ventiduet or opening in wall communicating with the external air. The shutter N,
is preferably controlled by means of a handle Q attached to the pivot M, working
in a brake P, as shown by Fig. 36. The bearings, u, for the pivot M, may be
separate from radiator.
I wish it to be now understood that I do not claim any combinations of heating
mediums or of systems of heating, or of the mains conducting or conveying same
other than those effected within the radiator and as hereinafter characterized in
the claiming clauses.
I do not bind myself to the precise formation or exact construction of any of the
appliances, devices, or provisions, or their separate parts, as illustrated in the
annexed drawings, which are presented only, as showing to a limited extent,
the application of the improvements. I reserve the right of altering the shape or
formation of these and of adopting any new modification having a like object to
suit particular requirements, always however retaining the essential features
respectively characterized in the claiming clauses hereinafter appended. It is
evident from the descriptions and explanations given, that in application, the
improvements are capable of variation whilst still embodying their essence and
substance. And with reference to any of these several special parts, devices or
provisions in respect of which, claims are hereinafter made, I further reserve the
right of interchanging one with the other, or of adding or omitting one or more of
same from any of the radiators in connection with which same may be shown in
the annexed drawings illustrative thereof.
Two or more rows of radiator tubes may be inserted into one base, and the
radiators may be of circular or other form when desired. It is obvious that the
forms of radiators hereinbefore described, or referred to, or illustrated by
the annexed drawings, as for effecting various combinations of two different kinds
of heating mediums, may, also, by slight modifications, and the omission of the
separate coil C, or its equivalent, be used in the ordinary manner, for a single
system only, of hot water or steam heating, providing the pressure is not high.
:-
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner same is performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
(1) The improvements in radiators and their appurtenances substantially as
hereinbefore described, and with reference to the annexed drawings.
(2) In radiators for heating purposes, the combining within same of a high
or medium pressure hot water, or of a high or medium pressure steam, system
of "main heat supply," with water a, to work at a lower pressure, the com-
bination being effected by means of a coil, or other section C, of an independent
heating apparatus or circulating system, situated within the base A, or other
part of radiator, and in contact with the low pressure water a, to be heated, substan-
tially as hereinbefore described and illustrated with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4;
9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16, of the annexed drawings.
(3) In radiators for heating purposes the combining within same, of a system of
high, medium or low-pressure steam "main heat supply" preferably situated in the
base A, either with hermetically sealed tubes S, partly filled with water or other
liquid, working at high or medium pressure: or with water working at medium or high

page_text: pressure in a continuous circuit T and T' substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated, with reference to Figs. 21, 22, 23, and 24 and 25, of the annexed
drawings.
(4) In radiators for heating purposes, the general construction, arrangement
and combination of the several parts; either with or without the separate section C,
within the base A, substantially as, and for the purposes herein before described,
with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4: 9, 10, 11 and 12: 13, 14, 15 and 16
respectively of the annexed drawings illustrative thereof.
(5) In radiators for heating purposes, the general construction, arrangement
and combination of the several parts, substantially as, and for the purposes herein-
before described, with reference to Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8: 17, 18, 19 and 20,
respectively, of tae annexed drawings illustrative thereof.
(6) In radiators for heating purposes, the general construction, arrangement
and combination of the several parts, substantially as, and for the purposes herein-
before described, with reference to Figs. 21, 22 and 23: 24 and 25, respectively,
of the annexed drawings illustrative thereof.
(7) In radiators for heating purposes, the employment of one or more pivoted,
sliding, or other moveable flaps or shutters F or similar device or provision having
a like object, situated at, or near, the bottom of the vertical radiating tubes, and
within the hollow base A, or its equivalent, means of actuating same being pro-
vided externally at any convenient part of radiator; for the purpose of regulating
or shutting off the circulation of the heating medium from the radiating tubes,
without the necessity of stopping the entrance of the heating medium to, or its
passage through, said base A, and enabling latter to be used, as a part, or con-
tinuation of the heat supply main circuit, substantially as hereinbefore described
and as illustrated with reference to Figs 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the annexed drawings, or
any new modification thereof.
(8) In radiator tubes having internal air passage or passages D preferably in
the direction of their length, the formation and situation of the aforesaid internal
air passage so that its lower end D', or its upper end, D², or both ends, are taken,
at any convenient angle, through the back, front, side, or sides; of the outer or
radiating tube, the said air passage thus being prevented from traversing, passing
through or extending into the horizontal chamber, channel or channels, or their
equivalent, used for conveying the heating medium to, or for connecting together
the radiator tubes, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated, with
reference to Figs. 1, 3, and 4; 5, 7, and 8; 9, 11, and 12; 13, 15, and 16;
17, 19 and 20 respectively of the annexed drawings, or any new modification
thereof.
(9) In radiator for heating purposes, the dividing of the horizontal base A. or its
equivalent (conveying the heating medium to, and connecting the radiator tubes),
into two separate chambers situated longitudinally, either side by side or one
above the other, one of these chambers communicating with and directly supplying
the heating medium to the radiator tubes, and the other communicating only with
and forming part of the main circuit of the heating medium, this being connected
to both of these chambers by a special Y or similar shaped diverting valve I, or
an equivalent device or provision, in such a manner as provides for the flow of the
heating medium being wholly or partially diverted from either chamber to the
other provision being made for the continuation of the circuit from either
chamber by means of a Y or similar shaped branch piece I', situated at the opposite
end of radiator. The whole substantially as, and for the purpose, hereinbefore
described, and illustrated with reference to Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the annexed
drawings, or any new modification thereof.
(10) For use with hot water or steam radiators, the improved diverting valve
having a single pivoted or other internal wing or flap K, or its equivalent actuated
from the outside and effecting the total or partial diversion of the heating medium
from one of either of the two branches J or J', or their respective equivalents, to

page_text: the other branch, the whole substantially as hereinbefore described, and as illus-
trated, with reference to Figs. 28, 29, 30 and 31, of the annexed drawings, or any
new modification thereof.
(11) For use with radiators for heating purposes, the general arrangement,
construction and combination of the parts U, V. V, y, a, and, forming an improved
method of connecting a heat supply main, with or without regulating valves, to
one or both ends of a radiator, substantially as hereinbefore described, and with
reference to Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16, of the annexed drawings illustrative thereof.
(12) In "combined expansion and supply valve" for use in connection with hot
water radiator or radiators, the application of an immersed or submerged float H
or its equivalent, in combination with a supply valve j. or its equivalent, for the
purpose of partially neutralizing the resistance offered to an inward suction, by
the weight or downward stress of the valve j, substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated with reference to Figs. 26 and 27 of the annexed drawings, or any
new modification thereof.
(13) The construction of a tap or similar device, for use in providing for, or
allowing of, the outlet or escape of air, steam or other gases, or water, or other
liquids from radiators or their equivalent; having the body n, the fixed cap P,
the perforated spindle and the outlet passages 0, 0, 0, or their respective
equivalents the specially perforated spindle being constructed, situated or
arranged, so that it cannot be entirely screwed or otherwise removed from the
cap p, while the latter is attached to the body », this spindley, being turned or
actuated either by the key r, with its outlet passage, s, or by any suitable, ordinary
handle, key, or its equivalent; substantially as hereinbefore described, and as
illustrated with reference to Figs. 32, 33 and 34 of the annexed drawings, or any
new modification thereof.
(14) In ventilating radiators, the formation and use of the pivoted angular
deflecting shutter N, for the purpose of regulating the fresh air supply to same.
Substantially as hereinbefore described and with reference to Figs. 35 and 36 of
the annexed drawings.
.
Dated this Ninth day of February 1892.
FREDERIC WILLIAM BARKER.