Improvements relating to the Paper Carriages of Typewriters and Printing Telegraphs.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 21st .ec., 1893-Accepted, 17th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Paper Carriages of Typewriters and
Printing Telegraphs.
I FRANCIS EDWARD SUDDARD, Ars an der Mosel, Lothringen Germany,
Professor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The objects of the present invention are:
(1) To enable a typewriter operator (called hereafter a dactylograph) to print the
whole of a page without directly touching the platen (2) To return the platen
automatically to its normal position (3) To remove the paper already printed
and expose a new page to impression (4) To see what has been printed without
lifting the platen (5) To complete instantaneously without using the space lever
any line already begun. Following description applies specially to Caligraph or
Yost typewriter and to other systems with trifling changes. To apply inven-
tion to above-named typewriters (1) Remove the existing platen and the
mechanism actuating it (2) Turn each type letter through a quarter of a circle,
say, from right to left. With its length parallel to the breast of the dactylograph
and occupying approximately the place of the removed platen is mounted a
cylindrical hollow platen on an arbor off from double to treble the length of
the new platen. This arbor set in rotary motion sinistrorsum by a weight or
spring is mounted near each end on bearings, the intervening part being preferably
of square cross section. To each end of the new platen is attached a metal
disk pierced by a square hole whose centre coincides with the centre of the
disk supposel circular. Into this hole is passed the arbor. The thickness of
cach disk may be taken as half an inch. Thus the new platen can under the
action of a mechanism about to be described revolve with and slide along the
arbor. The revolution of the new platen is effected as follows: To the one of
the extremities of the arbor (preferably the left) is rigidly attached a species of
escapement wheel of which, the spokes bulging sidewards the rim is free of access
from the right. Through this free rim are driven pegs normal to the circumference.
The number of pegs corresponds to the number of letters and spaces assigned
to a line of print. In the plane of the circumference of escapement wheel are
the pawls for the release of a peg for each letter struck. The upper pawl
moves up and down, the lower pawl is pivotel; thus, when a key of typewriter
is put down, there is no advance of escapement wheel; the advance occurs only
on the return of the key to its normal position. The pawls are actuated by a
lever or a system of levers set in motion by the universal bar. An are of the
escapement wheel is left yoid of pegs so that the escapement wheel under the
action of above named weight or spring makes a sudden turn through this are
corresponding to which the paper remains unprinted. At the right extremity of
the arbor and opposite in position to the void are is an arm revolving with arbor.
Above the arm is a toothed wheel, a tooth of which the arm, being wedge-shaped,
advances through a distance corresponding to the interline on an axis common to
both is another wheel which, for distinction's sake, I call the egg-wheel; its teeth
correspond to those of the toothed wheel except that one tooth is wanting. The
cog-wheel engages with a flat notched bar which advances from left to right one
notch for each advance of toothed wheel, that is, for each revolution of the escape-
ment wheel. This bar tends to be drawn from right to left by a spring or weight.
The cog wheel is kept in position by a ratchet and pawl. In the notched bar are
as many notches as there are to be lines on the paper; when the place of the
vacant tooth comes to the lowest position on the cog-wheel, the notched bar drawn

page_text: by the spring returns to the left. Now the notched bar is attached to a collar
going around the right extremity of the platen, so that, while the platen is
capable of a movement of rotation due to the arbor, it is also subject to n
movement of translation due to the notched bar and spring. (3) At the part of
the platen corresponding to the void are attach some sheets of paper.
Each
sheet is perforated in one or two lines and through the perforations can be passed a
thrend or threads which being drawn out against the paper detach the printed
sheet and expuse a new sheet to view. (4) In foregoing description I have
assumed that the platen is of one piece; but to enable the dactylograph to see
what he has written, I make the platen of two cylinders, the outer one thin an
revolving around the inner one about one-sixth of its circumference and brought
back to normal position by a spring. Thus the dactylograph can displace outer
cylinder to see his writing. (5) I assumed in describing the escapement wheel that it
was attached firmly to the arbor; but if it be capable of lateral motion while at
the same time revolving with the arbor, it is possible to complete a line already
began in the following manner: attaching a circular disk to the bulging spokes
of the escapement wheel on the sole remote from the rim, I insert a peg in this
dish which per corresponds to the last space but one of a line; slide now the
united disk and wheel to the left; (the ordinary escapement is naturally put out
of action) the peg in the disk comes against a stop attached to the bearings of the
left extremity of arbor. 1 slide back the escapement, wheel to normal position to
commence a new line,
Most of the above is applicable to various electric printing alegraph, as the
Column Printing Telegraph, the Equitable etc., with this modification that the
printing wheel be movel against the paper and not rue reray,
Dated this Twentieth day of March 1893.
FRANCIS EDWARD SUDDARD.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Paper Carriages of Typewriters and
Printing Telegraphs.
I FRANCIS EDWARD SUDDARD Ars an der Mosel Lothringen, Germany
Professor do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
.
The objects of the present invention are to enable a typewriter operator hereafter
callel dactylograph` (1) To print the whole of a page without directly touching
the platen (2) To return the platen automatically to its normal position (3) To
remove the paper already dactylographed and expose a new page for dactylographie
impression (4) To see what has been dactylographed without lifting the platen (3) To
complete instantaneously any line already begun.
In the succeeding description I shall make clear by the aid of drawings the nature
of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed and shall show in
detail how the invention may be applied to such typewriters as the Caligraph or
the Yost, it being my intention in a future Patent to set forth in what manner the
said improvements may be applied to other systems of typewriters as well as to
some systems of printing telegraphs.
•
In the following I use chiefly the terminology employed by the Yost Typewriter
Company in describing their typewriter, with the exception that employ somewhat
abusively interline instead of line space' and interlining for line spacing,"
whilst restrict the word spacing' to 'letter spacing and wond spacing. My
invention (under which I understand the improvements and their application to the
Caligraph, Yost and similar typewriters) comprehends means for effectuating

page_text: Note that the US,
Circular spacing automatically in conjunction with
Caligraph and similar machines the spacing is rectilinear and the interlining
circular, whereas in my improvements the spacing is circular and the interlining
rectilinear.
In the succeeding description I shall assume that the typewriter in question is
a Yost typewriter. I use Yost terminology. To apply the invention to a Yost
typewriter remove every part above the level of the ink pad, retain the 'type
centre guide 0 (Fig. 1, Sheet 1) turning it through ninety degrees; turn each
type letter through an angle of ninety degrees, turning for example the type
letter h counter-clockwise. Parallel to the breast of the dactylograph and occupying
approximately the place of the removed platen is an arbor some yard long. This
arbor rotated handſewise (i.e. from the dactylograph) by a motor is turned so as to
be round near each end with a view to being mounted on bearings; the rest of the
arbor is preferably of square cross section. A sleeve of square cross section
interiorly and of circular cross section exteriorly fits loosely on to the arbor, the
length of the sleeve being about half that of the arbor. To each extremity of the
sleeve is soldered a metal disk centrally pierced by the sleeve and whose centre
coincides with the centre of the arbor. To the disks is soldered a rectangular sheet
of metal bent into a cylinder to form a platen. Thus the new platen can under the
action of a mechanism about to be described rotate with and slide along the said
arbor. The rotation of the new platen is effected in the following manner: On the
right end of the arbor is keyed a scape wheel formed by bending two Yost escape-
ment racks into a circle. The mode of bringing the escapement dogs into connection
with the scape wheel will be seen in the sequel. The dogs are rocked by one or
more levers connected with and actuated by the 'universal bar or in the Yost by
the pivot. I show them connected with the universal bar and also with the
pivot. When a key of the typewriter is depressed, the scape wheel remains in a
position of rest, but when the key rises, the universal bar or the pivot actuates the
levers and dogs in such a manner that the scape wheel advances one tooth or notch.
An arc of the scape wheel is left void of teeth (I show some half dozen teeth
omitted) so that the scape wheel under the action of above-named motor, makes a
sudden turn through this arc, corresponding to which the paper is unprinted.
Diametrically opposite to this arc is keyed on to the arbor an arm; just as the
function of each tooth of the spacing scape wheel is to 'space' the letters, so the
function of this arm is to make the interline, i.e. to determine the distance between
the lines and to move the platen accordingly. This is effected as follows: The
arm being the segment of a circle is studded with one or more teeth or screws
which engage with the inking leg of a pair of compasses. This inking leg, when
stiff causes or permits an escap unnt wheel to turn; co-axial with this scape
wheel is a cog wheel defective in respect of one cog; the defective cog wheel

page_text: engages with a rack which advances from left to right. This rack tends to he
drawn from right to left by a spring-drum or weight. When the place of the
vacant or defective cog comes to its lowest position, the rack drawn by last-
named spring-drum or weight returns to the left. I show the rack mounted on
four wheels; to the extremities of each of the two axles is attached a support,
collar going round and beneath a grooved pulley-shaped wheel concentric with
each disk of the above mentioned platen so that, while the platen is allowed a
movement of rotation due to the rotation of the scape wheel, it (the platen) is
subject to a movement of translation due to the rack.
་
Turn to Fig. 1, Sheet 1 of the drawings which shows a vertical section of the
Yost typewriter passing through the type centre guide' and the 'universal bar,'
The h-key is shown depressed. The remainder of the Figure 1, Sheet I shows my
improvement in orthographic projection as seen from the right end.
Fig. 2, Sheet 2 shows in orthographic projection my improvement as seen from
behind. The words right, left, behind “relate to dactylograph when sitting and
operating the typewriter.
Fig. 3, Sheet 3 shows in isometrical projection the mode of connecting the
universal bar of the Yost typewriter with my improvement, shows, in a word, the
application.
In Fig. 2, Sheet 2 suppose the base plate of the Yost typewriter extended on
each side; then X X X X is a metallic framework screwed down on the base
plate in X X X X are fixed the bearings of the arbor A and of L the bar
rocking the pawl which releases the teeth of the Breguet scape wheel T.
Near
the middle of X X and resting on it are the bearings of the axle common to the
cug wheel, the Breguet scape wheel T and the drum round which string is shown
coiled. These bearings are not shown.
At Q is the place of the defective cog. Ris the rack, ee the two wheels
behind which are other two similar wheels of the carriage bearing R. Of the
support collars S S, one is shown clearly in Fig. 1, Sheet 1. (is the new
platen, F the spacing scape wheel, E the segment-shaped arm, g the inking
leg of a pair of compasses, eel the escapement dogs of the Yost typewriter,
7 the oscillating axle rocking e right and left, N N N are the levers
connecting the universal bar Y and the space rod % with re M is the
motor, ma tooth wheel engaging with pa pinion keyed on to A. 1, U are
handles, D D disks, nnnn are the ends of the sleeve, K K are the grooved
pulley-shaped wheels soldered on concentrically to D D into whose grooves fit
the support collars S S. B is a stout piece of wood or metal bearing the railway
in which the flanged wheels e e run, d is the grooved spring drum tending to
draw R to the left by the string shown Fig. 2, Sheet 2. U is heavy and brings
back to the normal position.
In Fig. 1, Sheet the key is shown depressed and the letter & is being
printed on the circumference of C; at the same time the universal wheel bis
raised and lifts up the pivot' a which in its turn being raised depresses the
hook of the universal bar Y. Z is the space rod. The mode of connecting
and Z with vel is best shown in Fig. 3, Sheet 3, and not in Fig. 1 Sheet 1 nor
in Fig. 2, Sheet 2. In Fig. 1, Sheet M is not shown, but only a part of m
engaging with p. E is diametrically opposite to the void are of the spacing
scape wheel F and on the point of coming into contact with 9 (Fig. 2, Sheet 2).
In Fig. 1, Sheet 1 the open framework has been substituted for the real
framework X X X X so as to exhibit the typewriter more clearly.
To delineating the improvement is devoted the whole of Fig. 2, Sheet 2 except
the parts indicated by the letters N N N which represent the application to the
Yost machine. The application varies with each typewriter.
The escapement mechanism varies with each typewriter; my improvement does
not require any one particular style of escapement; any escapement mechanism
used in typewriters will suffice.
I proceed now to show how my improvement may be employed to offectuate

page_text: 1. (a) circular spacing manually.
1. () rectilinear interlining automatically and manually.
1. (y) rectilinear return of carriage automatically and manually.
1. (a.) Turn to Fig. 1, Sheet 1.
Let the dactylograph glue a sheet of paper round C, actuate with left hand
the h-key, and seizing with right hand between his finger and thumb I mounted
on bearings at ee rock it right and left. Then F and C turn in the direction
indicated by arrow head. Let him actuate the h-key some half dozen times and
rock correspondingly; then there will be some half dozen h's printed on C.
This is manual circular spacing.
1. (8.) Through the seventh double oscillation (Fig. 2, Sheet 2) the last tooth
before the void are is released and passes quickly through the void arc, E takes
the dotted position shown in Fig. 2, Shoot 2, striking against and oscillating gas
many times as there are teeth or screws studded in its are, and thus allowing T to
revolve through a corresponding double number of half teeth and J through a
corresponding number of cogs. The rack R is naturally drawn by J a corre-
sponding distance to the right (as seen from front of typewriter). Thus C presents
a clean surface for the impression of a new line. Thus automatic rectilinear inter-
lining takes place. The interlining can also be made differential. For it is clear
that, if you put but one tooth or screw in the arc of E, the lines will be close, if
you put two teeth, they will be a double distance apart and so on.
In practice employ three screws as shown in Fig. 4, Sheet 3 and Fig. 1,
Sheet 1. Manual rectilinear interlining can be effected by rocking the handle U
(Fig. 2, Sheet 2}.
1. (y.) Suppose the dactylograph has covered the sheet glued on C with h's, then
the defective cog indicated by Q (Fig. 2, Sheet 2) will be directly below r,
Fig. 2, Sh. 2; R will be released and, drawn by the string connecting it with d, will
return to the left. Thus rectilinear return of is effected automatically. It
remains now to remove the sheet of paper and substitute a new one, of which more
in the sequel. To place C in any position manually first turn by means of U with
the left hand out of the path of the half teeth of T; and then holding J so as not to
let it suddenly slip, push R backwards or forwards with the right hand. It goes
without saying that rotates at same time.
Thus far for I. (a), (ß), (y).
I now proceed to 11.
II. comprehends means for effectuating circular spacing automatically in
conjunction with I.
Fig. 3, Sheet 3 shows a system of levers connecting Y and Z with F. When a
letter key is depressed, the hook of Y is depressed and rocks the oscillating axle
towards r, thus allowing to engage with a tooth and e to spring forward after
being freed from the preceding tooth. When the letter key returns to the normal,
the hook of Y rises and the spring shown to the right brings back N" to the
normal and thus causes e to engage with the succeeding tooth. The action of the
space rod is precisely similar.
Fig. 5. Sheet 3 shows a lever and an arm i connecting the pivota of the
Yost typewriter with . This method has the advantage of being more direct, but
the disadvantage of requiring some alterations in the interior of the typewriter as
well as a different disposition of the space rod. This latter can, however, as in the
original Yost, be made to lift the universal wheel and thus actuate the 'pivot' 12.
The drawing supposes that such is the case. The dogs the slit in the pivot and
the centre of the left end of the square arbor A are in the same vertical plane or
nearly so; for after removing the universal bar Y, I turn the pivot through
ninety degrees, thus placing slit suitably for the introduction of the end of lever j.
One side of the support or 'post' to the ‘upper link holder' is shown filed away,
thus allowing access to the slit in a.
When a key is depressed, then a is raisel, and the dogs oscillated first towards p¹
and then on ascent of key towards c. Fig. 5, Sheet 3 shows pivotted and i rigidly

page_text: connected with the Yost oscillating axle in which are pivotted. A spring is
shown which brings back to the normal position.
Thus I have set forth the mode of applying the improvement to the Yost
typewriter in particular; it can be applied with appropriate variations but on the
same principles to the Caligraph and similar typewriters: chiefly on the foregoing
description I base my claims of novelty. The details that follow contribute to the
satisfactory performance of my invention, but are not the basis of claims in this
Patent.
(a) When the dactylograph desires to see what he has written, he turns II
(Fig. 2, Sheet 2) against the arrow. The Yost escapement dogs allow of the
rotation of against the arrow, the machine being provided with n 'release key'
(not shown in my drawings). After turning through some 400 degrees the
dactylograph will see what he has just written. Let him then turn again through
320 degrees and recommence writing. In practive H would be replaced by a cog
wheel and pinion the latter keyed on to A. Thus on turning the cog wheel
through a relatively small angle and handle-wise or from him fa great convenience)
he would quickly turn the pinion through 720 degrees. On each rotation of A,
the arm E comes into contact with the back of which being the inking leg of a
pair of compasses lets E readily pass and does not rock 14, so that no interline is
made. For exact shape of what I call the inking legsee Fig. 6 Sheet 3, and
Fig. 6 Sheet 3, the former showing the end of L.
!!
(6) Differential interlining has already been described.
1) Means for storing, inserting and removing paper.
Assuming that one side of the square cross section of A is half an inch long
(Fig. 7 Sheet 4 take a solid cylinder of metal of one inch diameter and about half
as long as A (Fig. 8. S. In this solid cylinder inre axially a square hole the
side of the square being slightly over half an inch (Fig. 9, Sh. 4).
of this cylinder solder a bracket to bear the axle of a cog wheel mounted on the
right end of the axle (Fig. 10, Sh. 4). Now take a metallic tube one number
liger than the cylinder and some inch shorter (Fig. 11 Sh. 1). To the left end
of the tube solder a pinion centrally pierced to allow the tube to pass into it
(Fig. 12 Sh. 4). The cog wheel and pinion are so chosen as to work into one
another. Slide the tube on the cylinder (Fig. 13 Sh. 4). Draw any straight line
along the surface of the tube and parallel to it glue on the tube the end of a rull of
less paper corresponding in breadth to the length of the line (Fig. 14 Sh. 4).
Attach a small handle, that can be readily removed, to the left end of the bracket-
supported axle and turn handlewise (Fig. 10 Sh. 4, Fig. 15 Sh. 5). Then the cog
wheel turning the pinion, paper will be rolled upon the tube. Now slide the
bored cylinder upon A; to each end of the bored cylinder solder a disk D
(Fig. 16, Sheet o) shown open: bend into a hollow cylinder a rectangular sheet of
metal whose breadth is equal to the exterior distance between D and D and whose
length is equal to about 3 times the diameter of D, thus leaving a slit (i
(Fig. 2, Sheet 2). Solder this hollow cylinder to D and D. Through the slit
draw out the paper already stored on the tube and wrap it round the hollow
cylinder C.
When all the paper round (has been dactylographed, remove it and
diaw out a second supply and so on. When the paper in the interior is nearly
exhausted gum on to it the end of a second roll of endless paper and wind by
inserting the small handle in a hole made in the side of the left disk over against
the axle (Fig. 16, Sheet 5). In right disk insert a screw (Figs, 17, 18, Sheet 4)
which coming into contact with the end of the tube may prevent it from turning
and unrolling paper while C is being duets lographed. By is meant the paper
wrapped round C. Note that there are but three independent pieces in the above
mechanism (1) the square arbor A (2) the tube with its pinion (3) the bored
cylinder with bracket, cog wheel, disks and slitted C.
To facilitate removal perforate paper. (d) Say a paragraph finishes in its last
line with one word only. It is desirable to be able to quickly pass on to the
beginning of the new line of the succeeding paragraph. Rock U (Fig. 2, Sheet 2)

page_text: and turn H counter-handle-wise through a little more than 360 degrees; the exact
amount of the excess over 360 degrees depends on the length of the final word.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is:
1. In respect of divers systems of type-writers by occasion of dactylographing a
letter, cipher, punctuation mark or other sign or of making a space between words,
the combination of a lever system (j, or "N", N', N) connecting the 'universal
wheel or the 'universal bar' with the escapement mechanism, of an escape-
ment mechanism (1, ¹), of an escapement wheel F, of an arbor A and of a
platen C, all sultantially as described and illustrated, which combination
of C, A, F, e', a,, i, jor of C, A, F, P, e, /, N, N', N" is such that the application
of the dactylograph's finger to any key of the typewriter causes the lever system
to actuate an escapement mechanism which by alternately releasing and locking an
escapement wheel impelled by stored motive force M gives rise to a step-by-step
rotation of the platen C in virtue of which rotation the dactylographed line forms
an arc of a circle round the platen.
P
2. In respect of divers systems of typewriters the combination of a rack R of a
cog wheel (defective in respect of a cog at Q) of an oscillating bar L of a
Breguet or similar escapement alternately permitting and restraining the rotation
of an escapement wheel T impelled by stored motive force W actuating a drum
co-axial with the cog wheel whose cogs by means of the rack R communicate
to the platen C a step-by-step rectilinear movement of translation from left to right
and parallel to the axis of C-a movement alternating with a continuous and
uninterrupted rectilinear movement of translation from right to left due to the
absence of a cog at Q and to the action of a spring drum d, so that in virtue of
the aforesaid step-by-step, movement the interlining may be effected and in
virtue of the continuous and uninterrupted movement the platen may be returned to
its normal position.
arm E
3. In respect of divers systems of typewriters the employment of an
carried round by the arbor A, on which it is keyed, at the same angular velocity as
an escapement wheel in which there is an are void of teeth opposite diametrically
to which are the arm E actuates through the medium of the oscillating bar L
(referred to in Claim 2) at the moment when a new line or a new page is about
to be commenced.
4. In respect of divers systems of typewriters the combination of the mechanisms
referred to in Claims 1, 2 and 3 in order to dactylograph a whole page automatically
and to return the platen to its normal position.
Dated this 19th day of December 1893.
FRANCIS EDWARD SUDDARD.