IMPROVEMENTS IN CEMENTING AND UNITING TOGETHER PLAIN OR ORNAMENTED SURFACES OF GLASS, OR IN UNITING SURFACES OF GLASS TO SURFACES OF METAL OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Cornides, of No. 4, Trafalgar Square (Office
for Patents), Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CEMENTING AND UNITING TOGETHER PLAIN OR
ORNAMENTED SURFACES OF GLASS, OR IN UNITING SURFACES OF GLASS TO
SURFACES OF METAL OR OTHER MATERIAL"
Sealed the 2nd January 1856, and dated the 4th July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Cornides at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th July 1856.
I, LOUIS CORNIDES, of No. 4, Trafalgar Square (Office for Patents),
Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CEMENTING AND UNITING TOGETHER
PLAIN OR ORNAMENTED SURFACES OF GLASS, OR IN UNITING SURFACES OF GLASS TO
BURFACES OF METAL OR OTHER MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a more simple and efficient mode than
heretofore practised of uniting or connecting together surfaces of glass, or in
uniting surfaces of glass to surfaces of metal or other material, and consists
in the use and employment for such purpose of one or other of the following
improved transparent cementing compositions or solutions, which are operated
in an air-tight apparatus of the construction herein-after described, inte
upon

page_text: .7
which the materials to be united are placed after the contact surfaces thereof
have been coated with the cementing mixture; and further, in exhausting
the air by any suitable means from the chamber containing the materials to be
united; and, lastly, in the application of heat to the said chamber.
I now proceed to enumerate the cementing mixtures or solutions to be
employed for uniting surfaces together according to these improvements, as
follows: Cement No. 1 is composed of four parts of gum damar, or other
transparent gums or resins, mixed with one part of spirits of turpentine or other
solvents. Cement No. 2 is composed of one part gelatine, one part sugar, and
eight parts water. No. 3 cement is composed of four parts gelatine, one part
sugar, four parts water, and th part of creosote, thoroughly mixed and incor-
porated together. In making and using cement No. 1, I proceed as follows:-
I dissolve the gum with turpentine by the aid of a sand bath, and when the
gum is dissolved and strained I pour it upon one of the surfaces to be cemented;
I then place thereon the other surface, and cover the edges of the two surfaces
with paper to prevent the cement from running over the edges, and in this
state I place the two surfaces in an apparatus of the construction herein-after
described. When the process of cementing is completed, I then remove the
cemented surfaces and strip the paper from the edges thereof; I then dip the
said edges in a thick solution, composed of one part gelatine, one part sugar,
and two parts of water, which forms a cement to be employed to receive a
mounting of strips of lead, such as are used by glaziers for glazing small
squares of glass with. In using cement No. 2, I proceed as follows:-
I coat the two surfaces which are to be cemented together with the
cementing solution, and when the coating is dry I place these two coating
surfaces one upon the other, and afterwards subject them to the action of the
apparatus above referred to, and when the cementing is completed I then
cleanse the edges of the two surfaces, and afterwards dip them in a thick
solution of damar or other gum, dissolved in any suitable solvent. In using
cement No. 3, I proceed as follows:-I pour a small quantity of the cementing
solution upon the center of one of the surfaces to be cemented and then place
thereon the other surface to be united, and by the application of pressure I
cause the solution to be spread over the entire surfaces which are in contact;
I then clean the edges of the plates, thus united together, and afterwards dip
them into a solution of damar or other gum, as aforesaid.
The following is the construction of the apparatus before mentioned to be
employed for the purposes of this Invention:-The general form of the appa-
ratus somewhat resembles a screw press, such as is commonly employed for
copying letters, to the bottom of which I adapt a washer of vulcanized india-

page_text: rubber about half an inch thick, and instead of making the top platten (to
which the screw is affixed) flat, I form the edges thereof deeper or thicker
than the middle, so that when the platten is screwed down tight upon the
aforesaid india-rubber washer it leaves an air-tight space, into which the
materials to be cemented are placed, the depth of such chamber being in
accordance with the quantity of surfaces to be operated upon at one time.
The bottom of the apparatus is formed hollow, and has steam or other heat
admitted thereinto. The inside of the above-mentioned cementing chamber is
put into connection with an air pump for exhausting the air therefrom, thus
causing perfect forced contact of the cemented surfaces, the heat fixing them
in that position.
When it is desired to cement or unite together a larger quantity of surfaces
than could be conveniently performed in the above apparatus, I then propose
to construct an air-tight room upon the same principle as the above apparatus,
and to operate therewith after the same manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Cornides in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
CORNIDES, of No. 4, Trafalgar Square (Office for Patents), Charing Cross, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Louis Cornides, Her special licence that I, the said Louis Cornides, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Louis
Cornides, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel'
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CEMENTING AND
UNITING TOGETHER PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL SURFACES OF GLASS, OR IN UNITING
SURFACES OF GLASS TO SURFACES OF METAL OR OTHER MATERIAL," upon the.
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Louis Cornides, my executors

page_text: or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Cornides, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention has for its object a more simple and efficient mode than
heretofore practised of uniting or connecting together surfaces of glass, or in
uniting surfaces of glass to surfaces of metal or other material, and consists
in the use and employment for such purpose of one or other of the following
improved transparent cementing compositions or solutions, which are operated
upon in an air-tight apparatus of the construction herein-after described, into
which the materials to be united are placed after the contact surfaces thereof
have been coated with the cementing mixture; and further, in exhausting
the air by any suitable means from the chamber containing the materials to
to be united; and, lastly, in the application of heat to the said chamber.
I now proceed to enumerate the cementing mixtures or solutions to be em-
ployed for uniting surfaces together, according to these improvements, as
follows: Cement No. 1 is composed of four parts of gum damar, or other
transparent gums or resins, mixed with one part of spirits of turpentine or
other solvents. Cement No. 2 is composed of one part gelatine, one part sugar,
and eight parts water. No. 3 cement is composed of four parts gelatine, one
part sugar, four parts water, and th part of creosote, thoroughly mixed and
incorporated together. In making and using cement No. 1, I proceed as
follows: I dissolve the gum with turpentine by the aid of a sand bath, and
when the gum is dissolved and strained I pour a certain quantity in the centre
upon one of the surfaces to be cemented, and cover the edges of the surface
with paper to prevent the cement from running over the edges, and in this
state I then place thereon the other surface and apply pressure to it by
weights. When the process of cementing is completed, I then strip the paper
from the edges thereof and dip the said edges in a thick solution, composed of
one part gelatine, one part sugar, and two parts water, which forms a cement
to be employed to receive a mounting of strips of lead, such as are used by
glaziers for glazing small squares of glass with. In using cement No. 2, I
proceed as follows:-I coat the two surfaces which are to be cemented

page_text: together with the cementing solution, and when the coating is dry I place
these two coated surfaces one upon the other, and afterwards subject them to
the action of the apparatus herein-after described, and when the cementing is
completed I then cleanse the edges of the two surfaces, and afterwards dip
them in a thick solution of damar or other gum, dissolved in any suitable
solvent. In using cement No. 3, I proceed as follows:-I pour a small
quantity of the cementing solution upon the centre of one of the surfaces to be
cemented and then place thereon the other surface to be united, and by the
application of pressure I cause the solution to be spread over the entire sur
faces which are in contact; I then clean the edges of the plates thus united
together, and afterwards dip them into a solution of damar or other gum, as
aforesaid.
The following is the construction of the apparatus before mentioned to be
employed for the purposes of this. Invention:-The general form of the appa-
ratus somewhat resembles a screw press, such as is commonly employed for
copying letters, to the bottom of which I adapt a washer of vulcanized india-
rubber about half an inch thick, and instead of making the top platten (to
which the screw is affixed) flat, I form the edges thereof deeper or thicker than
the middle, so that when the platten is screwed down tight upon the aforesaid
india-rubber washer it leaves an air-tight space into which the materials to be
cemented are placed, the depth of such chamber being in accordance with
the quantity of surfaces to be operated upon at one time. The bottom of the
apparatus is formed hollow, and has steam or other heat admitted thereinto.
The inside of the above-mentioned cementing chamber is put into connec
tion with an air pump for exhausting the air therefrom, thus causing perfect
forced contact of the cemented surfaces, the heat fixing them in that position.
When it is desired to cement or unite together a larger quantity of surfaces
than could be conveniently performed in the above apparatus, I then propose
to construct an air-tight room upon the same principle as the above apparatus,
and to operate therewith after the same manner.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention of "Improvements in Cementing and Uniting together Plain or
Ornamental Surfaces of Glass, or in Uniting Surfaces of Glass to Surfaces of
Metal or other Material," together with the best means I am acquainted with
for carrying the same into practical effect, I hereby declare my Invention to
consist, and I claim for the purposes thereof, the use and employment of the
transparent compositions or solutions above particularly described and referred
to, and the operating therewith upon the surfaces to be cemented or united in

page_text: air-tight apparatus, of the construction set forth, and in the manner above
stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Cornides, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
ALEX PRINCE, Agent for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.
LOUIS CORNIDES. (L.B.)