IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Collier, Carpet Manufacturer, and John
Marsden, Mechanic, both of Halifax, in the County of York, for
the invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS.'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Collier and John
Marsden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd March 1875.
WC, JOHN COLLIER, Carpet Manufacturer, and JOHN MARSDEN,
Mechanic, both of Halifax, in the County of York, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms, and relates
to looms in which several shuttles carrying different colours of weft are
employed.
Our arrangement is such that the shuttles can be taken in any desired
order, and that for each pick any one of all the shuttles employed may
be made use of. The shuttle boxes are arranged in two vertical tiers at

page_text: oach end of the batten, one is the front the other the back tier; there
may be four, five, or other number of boxes in each tier. Any one of
the shuttle boxes in either tier can be brought to the level of the shuttle
race by raising or lowering the tier of boxes, and the tiers of boxes can
be moved forward or drawn back, so that either the front tier or the
back tier, at pleasure, can be brought to correspond with the shuttle
race. These motions are given in the following manner:-First, in order
to bring cither of the shuttle boxes of the same tier to the level of the
shuttle race, each tier of boxes is connected with a lever, which by a
connecting rod is coupled with a second lever which receives motion
from cams on a revolving shaft. When the lever is in its lowest
position the uppermost box of the tier to which the lever corresponds is
on a level with the shuttle race, and when the lever is raised by the
operation of one of the cams, either the second box or the third box or a
lower box will be brought to this position dependent on tho particular
cam which is brought into operation. The cams themselves are fixed
side by side on their axis and are simply carried round with it, but tho
bowl of the lever against which the cams act is movable and can bo
slidden sideways, and so placed that either one or other of the cams may
come into contact with it, or that it may escape being acted on by either
of them. The bowl is controlled by the jacquard which acts through a
bell crank upon its axis, and slides it endwisc a greater or less distance
as may be required.
In placo of cams acting as just described upon a movable bowl for
raising the lever and shuttle boxes, we in some cases employ a fixed bowl
or pulley on the lever operated by a cam attached to a star wheel, which
receives intermittent motion when required from a pin wheel actuated
by the jacquard machine, the pin wheel being kept clear of the star
wheel when no change of boxes is desired.
For weaving some patterns it may be desirable to reverse the motion
given to the star wheel and cam, in which case we apply a second pin
wheel working in the opposite direction to the first, and which like the
latter is under the control of the jacquard.
Instead of the pin and star wheels, a clutch box operated by the
jacquard machine may be used and placed to work in between two
wheels or discs, so as to run clear of or in connection with either wheel
or disc, by which means reversible and intermittent motions can bo

page_text: communicated to the cam shaft for raising the lever and shuttle
boxes.
The cams attached to and operated by the pin and star wheels or
clutch motion as explained, may be in the ordinary form or may be
made up in the form of an endless chain by links of varying heights.
To move forward or draw back the shuttle boxes so as to change
from the front tier to the back tier or vice versa the following means
are employed-It will be understood that the shuttle boxes move to
and fro with the batten, but the swords which carry them are never-
theless free to move around the axis through a small angle independently
of the swords, on which are mounted the rced and shuttle race. These
latter parts carry on either side of the loom small cranks, which by
connecting rods are coupled with the movable swords carrying the
shuttle boxes.
When it is desired to change from the front to the back tier of boxes
the cranks receive a half turn from a backward to a forward position,
and when desired another half turn brings back the boxes to the original
position. Stops may be provided to control more accurately the forward
and backward motions of the tiers of shuttle boxes. The rotation of
the cranks is thus effected; they have a pinion on their axis gearing
with a toothed wheel of double its diameter, on which are four pins,
and there is a stationary claw or hook which acts on the pins as they
aro brought into contact with it by the movement of the batten in
beating up.
So long as the claw is allowed to act it turns the pin wheel
a quarter round, and the cranks half round during cach forward motion
of the batten, thus changing from one tier of boxes to the other at every
beat up, but the claw only operates when it is set free by the jacquard
and allowed to fall to the position in which it is able to act upon the
pins. Each tier of boxes has a corresponding picking rod, thus there
are two picking rods on each side of the loom, and each is connected by
a strap with the longer arm of a bent lever. The pick is caused to take
place by a striker on a rotating axis coming in contact with the shorter
arm of the lever. The two levers are mounted on the same axis with an
interval between them, and when no pick is required the striker passes
by this interval clear of both of them, but when a pick is required the
levers are slidden to the right or left, and then the striker at its next
passage acts upon one of the levers, and so operates the picking rod

page_text: belonging to the front tier of boxes or to the back tier of boxes, as tho
case may be. The levers are controlled by a jacquard.
Where fewer shuttles and less variety is required we employ but one
tier of shuttle boxes on either side of the batten, and operate it in the
manner already described, or by means of a cam having a pin wheel
attached to it. The cam is mounted upon the batten, and when the
batten beats up, one of the pins comes against a pusher, which turns
the cam partly round and changes from one shuttle box to another.
The pusher is brought into action by the jacquard. By using two
pushers wo can rotate the cam in either direction at pleasure.
It is obvious that the means last described of raising and lowering the
shuttle boxes may also be employed when more than one tier of shuttle
boxes is used. Where on the contrary a greater number of shuttles is
required we can employ three tiers on either side of the batten.
The actuating mechanism will then be somewhat modified in its
arrangement.
In order to stop the loom should the tiers of shuttle boxes fail to tako
their places accurately, so that the box which is to deliver or to receive
the shuttle corresponds correctly with the shuttle race, we mount upon
the batten on either side in the interval between the shuttle boxes
and the race two guides, a front guide and a back guide; they are each
able to turn on a vertical axis; they serve to direct the shuttle as it
enters and leaves the boxes.
If the shuttle boxes be properly placed the shuttle Icaves and cuters
the boxes without displacing the guides, but if otherwise the guides aro
moved and the stop motion of the loom is brought into operation.
In order to prevent damage from the shuttle stopping in the shed we
employ a pivotting reed. When the reed comes against the shuttle it
yields on the lower side, and at the same time gives motion to a lever
on the same axis, with which is a projecting arm, which is thus raised
into a position to strike on a piece provided for the purpose. This piece
is in connection with the stop motion of the loom, and when it is thus
moved the stop motion comes into operation. At other times the same
projecting arm immediately before the beat up takes place passes
beneath an incline, which holds it down, and so the reed is firmly locked
at the instant of beating up.

page_text: We employ the following arrangement, which is an improvement on
an arrangement described in a former Patent granted to one of us,
No. 2552, dated 9th September 1867, for letting off the warp, and for
tightening it at the time of beating up :-The warp beam has a brake
pulley made fast to it, and the pulley is embraced by a nipper consisting
of two arms, which arc jointed together at their lower ends. Their
upper ends cross cach other, and between them is an axis with cams
upon it; there is a spring connected with an arm on the same axis,
which causes the cams to press upon the nipper arms so as to make
them nip the brake pulley tightly. From the warp beam the warps
pass up over a beam on an axis, which has several arms, two of them,
one at either end, carry a pressure roller, which bears upon the warp
threads in between the warp beam and the upper beam. A heavy
weight suspended from another arm produces the pressure requisite to
keep the warps strained. As the work is wound up the weight is lifted
until another arm on the same axis comes against the arm on the axis
of the nipper cams, and pushing it back against the action of the spring
slackens the nip of the brake and allows warp to run off. The weight
then falls, bringing down the pressure roller to maintain the tension of
the warp threads, and allowing the spring again to act to close the
nippers and hold the warp beam tight.
In order to tighten up the warps cach time the beat up occurs
leaving them less strained at the time the shed is opened; there is
provided on the same axis on which are the arms carrying the pressure
roller a brake pulley, and a semicircular brake block bears upon it.
The brake block is held up against the brake pulley by a spring at its
upper end, and at its lower end by a rod in connection with the batten.
By this rod the lower end of the brake block is drawn forward at each
motion of the batten, the spring at the upper end of the block yielding
and allowing it to pass a short distance around the friction pulley.
far as the pulley is able to turn the brake block carries it round with it,
forcing the pressure roller down on the warps, but not with such force
as to do damage, for as soon as the tension is sufficient the brake block
can slip upon the friction pulley.
So

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Collier and John Marsden in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 3rd September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
COLLIER, Carpet Manufacturer, and John MARSDEN, Mechanic, both of
Halifax, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-eighth
year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said John Collier and John Marsden, Her special
licence that we, the said John Collier and John Marsden, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Collier
and John Marsden, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Looмs," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said John Collier and John Marsden, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Collier and John Marsden,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms, and relates
to looms in which several shuttles carrying different colors of weft are
cmployed.
any
Our arrangement is such that the shuttles can be taken in desired
order, and that for cach pick any one of all the shuttles employed may

page_text: bo made use of. The shuttle boxes are arranged in two vertical tiers at
each end of the batten, one is the front the other the back tier; there
may be four, five, or other number of boxes in each tier. Any one of
the shuttle boxes in either tier can be brought to the level of the shuttle
race by raising or lowering the tiers of boxes, and the tiers of boxes can
be moved forward or drawn back so that either the front tier or the
back tier at pleasure can be brought to correspond with the shuttle race.
These motions are given in the following manner:-First, in order to
bring either of the shuttle boxes of the same tier to the level of the
shuttle race the tiers of boxes on each side of the loom are supported by
a lever, which by a connecting rod is coupled with a second lever which
receives motion from cams. When the lever is in its lowest position the
uppermost shuttle boxes are on a level with the shuttle race, and when
the lever is raised by the operation of one of the cams either the second
box, or the third box, or a lower box will be brought to this position
dependent on the particular cam which is brought into operation. The
cams are rotated by a star wheel which receives intermittent motion
when required from a pin wheel actuated by the jacquard machine, the
pin wheel being kept clear of the star wheel when no change of boxes is
desired.
For weaving some patterns it may be desirable to reverse the motion
given to the star wheel and cams, in which case we apply a second pin
wheel working in the opposite direction to the first, and which like the
latter is under the control of the jacquard.
Instead of the pin and star wheels a clutch box operated by the
jacquard machine may be used and placed to work in between two
wheels or discs so as to run clear of or in connection with either wheel
or disc, by which means reversible and intermittent motions can be com.
municated to the cam shaft for raising or lowering the lever and shuttle
boxes.
The cams attached to and operated by the pin and star wheels or
clutch motion, as explained, may be in the ordinary form, or may be
made up in the form of an endless chain by links of varying heights.
To move forward or draw back the shuttle boxes so as to change from
the front tier to the back tier, or vice versa, the following means are
employed-The shuttle boxes move to and fro with the batten, but the
swords which carry them are nevertheless free to move around the axis

page_text: through a small angle independently of the swords on which are mounted
the reed and shuttle race. These latter parts carry on either sido of the
loom small cranks which by connecting rods are coupled with the
moveable swords carrying the shuttle boxes.
When it is desired to change from the front to the back tier of boxes
the cranks receive a half turn from a backward to a forward position,
and when desired another half turn brings back the boxes to the original
position. Stops may be provided to control more accurately the forward
and backward motions of the tiers of shuttle boxes. The rotation of the
cranks is thus effected:-They have a pinion on their axis gearing with
a toothed wheel of double its diameter, on which are four pins, and there
is a stationary claw or hook which acts on the pins as they are brought
into contact with it by the movement of the batten in beating up. So
long as the claw is allowed to act it turns the pin wheel a quarter round
and the cranks half round during each forward motion of the batten,
thus changing from one tier of boxes to the other at every beat up, but
the claw only operates when it is set free by the jacquard and allowed to
fall to the position in which it is able to act upon the pins. Each tier
of boxes has a corresponding picking rod, thus there are two picking
rods on each side of the loom, and each is connected by a strap with the
longer arm of a bent lever. The pick is caused to take place by a striker
on a rotating axis coming in contact with the shorter arm of the lever.
The two levers are mounted on the same axis with an interval between
them, and when no pick is required the striker passes by this interval
clear of both of them, but when a pick is required the levers are slidden
to the right or left and then the striker at its next passage acts upon
one of the levers and so operates the picking rod belonging to the front
tier of boxes or to the back tier of boxes as the case may be. The levers
are controlled by a jacquard.
Where fewer shuttles and less variety is required we employ revolving
shuttle boxes and operate them in a similar manner by means of rack
and pinion or other suitable interposed mechanism, or we use but one
tier of shuttle boxes on either side of the batten and operate it in the
manner already described, or by means of a cam having a pin wheel
attached to it; the cam is mounted upon the batten, and when the batten
beats up one of the pins comes against a pusher which turns the cam
partly round and changes from one shuttle box to another. The pusher

page_text: is brought into action by the jacquard. By using two pushers we can
rotate the cam in either direction at pleasure.
It is obvious that the means last described of raising and lowering the
shuttle boxes may also be employed when more than one tier of shuttle
boxes is used.
We employ the following arrangement, which is an improvement on
an arrangement described in a former Patent granted to one of us,
No. 2552, dated 9th September 1867, for letting off the warp and for
tightening it at the time of beating up :-The warp beam has a brake
pulley made fast to it, and the pulley is embraced by a nipper consisting
of two arms which are jointed together at their lower ends. Their upper
ends cross each other, and between them is an axis with cams upon it;
there is a spring connected with an arm on the same axis which causes
the cams to press upon the nipper arms so as to make them nip the
brake pulley tightly. From the warp beam the warps pass up over a
beam on an axis which has several arms; two of them, one at either
end, carry a pressure roller, which bears upon the warp threads in
between the warp beam and the upper beam. A heavy weight suspended
from another arm produces the pressure requisite to keep the warps
strained. As the work is wound up the weight is lifted until another
arm on the same axis comes against the arm on the axis of the nipper
cams, and pushing it back against the action of the spring slackens the
nip of the brake and allows warp to run off; the weight then falls,
bringing down the pressure roller to maintain the tension of the warp
threads and allowing the spring again to act to close the nippers and
hold the warp beam tight.
In order to tighten up the warps each time the beat up occurs leaving
them less strained at the time the shed is opened, there is provided on
the same axis on which are the arms carrying the pressure roller a brako
pulley, and a semicircular brake block bears upon it. The brake block
is held up against the brake pulley by a spring at its upper end, and at
its lower end by a rod in connection with the batten. By this rod the
lower end of the brake block is drawn forward at each motion of the
batten, the spring at the upper end of the block yielding and allowing it
to pass a short distance around the friction pulley. So far as the pulley
is able to turn the brake block carries it round with it forcing the
pressure roller down on the warps, but not with such force as to do

page_text: damage, for as soon as the tension is sufficient the brake block can slip
upon the friction pulley. On the return of the batten the spring draws
back the brake block to a position determined by a fixed stop.
Figure 1 is a side clevation of parts of a loom constructed according
to our Invention; Figure 2 is a front elevation of some of the same parts.
a, a, are portions of the frame; is the warp beam; c is the breast
beam; and d, d¹, are the warp threads and woven fabric extending from
b to c; e is the axis on which the swords f of the batten play. The
batten is actuated by its connection, as shown, with cranks g' on the
shaft g; h, h, are the swords which form the guides for the moveable
shuttle boxes ; are rods connected with the shuttle boxes; they
carry a friction wheel, which rests upon the lever /. By means of
the lever the shuttle boxes are raised and depressed as required.
The lever takes its motion from apparatus which is shown to a
larger scale in side elevation at. Figure 3, and in front elevation at
Figure 4. The lever in Figures 1 and 2 is connected by the rod ¹
with the lever a in Figures 3 and 4, and in the same Figures a¹ is a
friction roller on the lever a; it bears upon the cam disc b, which has as
many steps or cam surfaces as there are shuttle boxes in each tier. On
the axis of the cams is a star wheel c, which is driven by the pins d.
The pins d are inserted into holes in the wheel e, and they are carried
by the wheel, which has teeth on its periphery, and is driven by a
pinion on the shaft g. The shaft 9 is the crank shaft marked with the
same letter in Figures 1 and 2. The pins d aro fixed on the face of a
plate d³, which is mounted on the axis of the wheel e, so as to be able to
slide upon it. is a lever connected with the jacquard apparatus, and
when operated upon thereby it draws back the pins d into the holes in
the wheel e, and so causes them to cease from acting upon the star
wheel c.
At other times the pins project from the face of the wheel e,
and each in passing the star wheel turns it one quarter round. e' are
guards on the face of the pin wheel e to lock the star wheel, except
when it is under the control of the pins d. So long as the star wheel is

page_text: allowed to stand in one position the shuttle boxes are not raised or
lowered, but each time it is rotated a quarter circle a change takes
place. The cams rotate from left to right, and in doing so they lift the
boxes step by step until the lowest boxes are on a level with the shuttle
race, and then at the next step the boxes descend until the uppermost
boxes are brought to this level. If the power of rotating the cams 6 in
either direction be required we provide a second pin wheel on the same
axis, and also provided with moveable pins, but driven in the opposite
direction; in place of the guards c¹ other locking instruments are then
employed. The form of the cams 6 may be varied as may be desired.
Another arrangement which we resort to when we desire the power of
rotating in both directions the cams which control the shuttle boxes is
shown at Figure 5 in side clevation (partly in section), and at Figure 6
in front clevation; other detail views are also shown. As before, g is
the crank shaft; mounted loosely upon it are two bevilled wheels a and b,
and between them is an intermediate wheel c. Capable of sliding upon
the crank shaft, but revolving with it, is the clutch d; it has projec-
tions d', d, upon it to engage with other projections a¹ and b¹ upon the
wheels a and b; e is the lever by which the clutch is operated; it is
capable of being moved to the one side or the other by connecting it
with the jacquard or its equivalent, and so either the wheel a or the
wheel is made to rotate with the shaft g. At each revolution however
the clutch is brought to a central position by means of the curved
projections d³ upon it, which come into contact with the fixed pin or
friction pulley f. On the axis of the intermediate wheel c is a disc c¹
flattened on one side; it has a plane surface / pressed against it by a
spring ; the object of this arrangement is to insure that exactly one
complete revolution shall be made at each movement, but the rotation
of the wheel b will be either to the right or to the left, according to the
side to which the clutch is moved; i is a pinion on the axis of the
wheel; it drives a spur wheel on the cam or tappet shaft; is the
cam disc, and m the lever, which in the manner already described is
coupled with the lever k in Figures 1 and 2.
As already stated in place of cams all in one niece, an endless chain

page_text: We will now refer to the method in which the shuttle boxes are
moved to change from the front to the back tier of boxes.
.
Figure 7 is a plan showing the apparatus by which this is effected;
Figure 8 is a side elevation. is a bracket fixed on the batten and by
which it is connected with tho crank. The bracket f¹ carries a light
shaft having at its ends cranks which through the connecting
rods m, m, are coupled with the swords h of the shuttle boxes. The
shaft has upon it a pinion gearing with a spur wheel n having four pins
on its side, one of which is caught by the claw o whenever the claw is
lowered, and as the batten strikes up, the wheel n is turned through one
quarter, and the shaft through one half revolution, and so the change
is effected from the front to the back tier of shuttle boxes, or vice versa.
On the return of the batten it strikes the head of the claw o, and lifting
it causes it to be caught by the latch p, which holds it suspended and
out of action until the string connecting the latch with the jacquard
being lifted the latch is withdrawn and the claw o allowed again to fall
into action. is a T headed bar which is held by a spring up to the
pins in the wheel 12 so as to prevent the wheel from moving, except
when the claw acts upon the pins, and to insure that a quarter revolution
exactly is then obtained.
.
We will now pass to the arrangements for picking; these are seen
in Figures 1 and 2, and also in plan at Figure 9. The crank shaft y
carries a spur wheel, and there is a corresponding wheel on the picking
shafts, these wheels both gear with a pinion on the main driving shaft.
The shaft & carries round with it the nose s¹, which as the shaft revolves
-comes into contact at suitable times with the fingers and t³, which are
mounted upon levers arranged-so-as-to-be-able_to_turn about the
axis t³. The levers are each provided with a lower arm to which a
leather strap is attached, and these straps pass around guide pulleys u¹
to the picking staves v and v¹ respectively. Thus the front picking staff
is connected with the finger and operates whenever this finger is
struck by the nose s¹, and the back picking staff is connected with the
finger and operates when the nose strikes this finger. In the position
in which the parts stand in Figure 9, the noso s¹ passes between the
fingers without operating either of the picker staves. The fingers with
the levers which carry them can be slidden along the axis &, the boss
of each lever being embraced by a fork, and these forks are mounted

page_text: respectively on the axes 20¹ and w³, which have arms w³, and to theso
arms rods are jointed which are operated by the jacquard apparatus.
Figure 10 shows another arrangement which we employ for raising
and lowering the shuttle boxes; here the cam and the pin wheel which
actuates it are mounted on the batten itself. a, a, are the shuttle box
swords; b, the rising and falling shuttle boxes; c is a link coupling, the
shuttle boxes with a lever d carried by a bracket fixed to the swords a,
and having its fulcrum at d¹; d³ is a friction bowl on the lever which
bears on the cam e. The axis of the cam is carried by the same bracket
and has upon it a pin wheel which at each beat up comes against the
pusher and is turned by it one quarter round unless the pusher be
lifted out of the way by means of a cord connecting it with tho
jacquard. The pusher g is mounted on the stationary bracket which
has a flat face at 7, and with this face two of the pins on the wheel f
come into contact, consequently any tendency of the pin wheel to over-
run caused by the momentum of the parts when the loom is working
fast is at once checked. As before mentioned a second pusher may be
applied if it be desired to turn tho cam in both directions.
We will now pass to the further description of the mechanism for
regulating the tension of the warp threads. This mechanism is repre-
sented in Figure 1. 6 is the warp beam on which the warp threads
are wound; B is a break pulley fast on this beam; C, C, are a pair
of levers which nip and hold the pulley B; D is an axis on which are
cams operating on the levers C. A spring is attached to an arm on
5 this axis tending constantly to rotate the axis in such a direction
as to make the brake levers nip the pulley B. The warp threads d
after leaving the warp beam pass in contact with the pressure roller E,
and then over the beam F, and so to the harness of the loom. On the
same axis with the beam F are arms by which the pressure roller E
O is carried, and also another arm from which the heavy weight G is
suspended; H is also an arm on the axis of the beam F, and as the
weight G rises in consequence of the woven fabric produced being
drawn forward by the take-up rollers, this arm II comes against the
arm on the axis D and turns the cams so as to slacken the nip of the
5 levers C, C, and thus allow the warp to be drawn off the beam; I is a
lever mounted loosely on the axis of the beam F; its lower arm is held

page_text: against a fixed stop by a spring attached to the upper arm, except when
the spring is caused to yield, and then the lever I moves partly around
its axis; K is a brake jointed to the lever I, and adapted to act against
the periphery of a pulley fixed on the axis of the beam F; L is a rod
jointed to the lower end of the brake K, and passing to the batten,
where it is so operated upon that at each stroke of the batten the brake
block is drawn around the pulley on the axis of the beam F. The brake
carries the pulley with it until a certain increase of tension is obtained
from the additional pressure of the pressure roller E on the warp threads;
but when the desired pressure is obtained (which is regulated by the 1
strength of the spring on the lever I) the brake block slips on the
pulley. Thus any desired increase of tension on the warps can be
obtained at the instant of beating up.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we would have it understood that ]
we claim,―
First. The construction of looms with rising and falling shuttle boxes
in two tiers, front and back, and communicating to such shuttle boxes
two motions (say vertical and horizontal), so that any one of the boxes
in either tier may at any pick as desired be brought to coincide with
the shuttle race, such motions being under the control of apparatus to
regulate the pattern, substantially as described.
Second. The construction of looms with rising and falling shuttlo
boxes vibrating with the batten, and arranged in two tiers, front and
back, such shuttle boxes being under the control of apparatus to regulate 2
the pattern, substantially as described.
Third. The means for moving the cam or pattern surface which
actuates tho shuttle boxos in either direction under the control of the
jacquard or its equivalent, substantially as described.
Fourth. The means of selecting the picking sticks for use, sub- ;
stantially as described.
Fifth. The means for controlling the shuttle boxes by a cam and pin
wheel mounted on the batten, substantially as described.
Sixth. The means for letting off the warp, substantially as described.

page_text: Seventh. The combined arrangement for tightening the warp on the
beat up, and for letting off the warp, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said. John Collier and John Marsden,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirty-first day of-
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-five.