Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Whiting.
Year: 1893

page_text: Annlination
7th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 11th Mar., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Whiting.
I, HENRY CUSHING HIGGINSON, a citizen of the United States of America,
esiding at Newburgh, in the County of Orange and State of New York, one of
he United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
his invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
escribed and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Figure 1, is a perspective view of my apparatus as arranged in a building,
he walls and floors of such building being broken away to better show the
mechanism;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the lower or main floor, and
Figure 3 is a section of the screening device employed for grading the product.
Letters of like name and kind refer to like parts in each of the figures.
In the manufacture of whiting it is customary to pass the ground article,
suspended in water from the chasing mill into and through a series of settling vats
which are arranged in lines so that the overflow from the first and each succeeding
vat passes into the next of the series and when all are filled by the settling of the
whiting, the flow is stopped and the contents of each vat conveyed to the mechanism
employed for removing the water.
By such process, in a very crude way, the whiting is separated into grades having
different degrees of fineness, the coarsest being contained in first vat, and the finest
in the last vat, but it is found that in each grade, except the finest, there is a
proportion of material that belongs to the finer grades, which in no manner increases
its value, but, by lessening the quantity of said finer grades, causes a material loss
in the value of the output of the plant.
Another disadvantage arising from the use of the apparatus described is the large
amount of space required for its accommodation, and as from the bulky nature of
large
the material operated upon it is desirable that the work should be carried on at a
water front, or adjacent to a railroad, such space usually represents a
investment for ground, which adds materially to the cost of the finished article.
To obviate these objections and to enable more uniform grades of whiting to be
0 produced is the design of my invention, which invention―
Consists in the system of mechanisms employed, and in details of construction,
substantially as and for the purpose hereinafter specified.
In the carrying of my invention into practice, a chasing mill, A, is located at a
suitable point, and at one side is provided a tank, B, that receives from the mill
5 tank the overflow of water containing in suspension the ground material. Adjacent
to and connected with the tank B, is a pump C, which is adapted to draw therefrom
the contents and to force the same through a pipe D, into a tank E, that is,
preferably, located in the second story of the building above that in which the
chasing mill is placed.
40
Within the room, below the tank E, is placed a grading mechanism, which
consists essentially of an inclined trough or chute F, which has within its bottom a
number of openings, and f, that are covered with perforated metal or wire cloth, G
the uppermost of said screens being sufficiently fine to pass nothing but the fines
grade of whiting, and each succeeding screen having coarser openings or meshes
45 Beneath each of said screened openings is arranged a hopper, H, which commu
nicates with a tank I, preferably located within the lower story, and operates t
direct into such tank any material that passes through such opening, while at an
below the lower end of said chute is placed another tank, K, into which falls a
material that passes over said screened openings.

page_text: From the tank E, a pipe L extends to the upper end of the chute F, and operates
to convey, material from the former to the latter. I preferably, provide a branch
pipe d, between the pipe D and the upper end of said chute, so as to enable material
to be forced directly into the latter, when desired, without passing through said
tank E.
The tanks I and I, each adapted to contain a grade of whiting, are preferably,
elevated to or near the upper part of the room and communicating with each,
through a pipe M, is a pump, N, that is connected with a press, Ŏ, for use in
expelling water from the ground material and forming the latter into cakes. The
water thus expelled, which contains a small percentage of the finest grade of
whiting, is collected in a tank P, and, by means of a pump Q, is, as required, forced
into the chasing mill A, to be again used.
It will be readily understood that but one grade of whiting at a time will be
operated upon by the press O.
The system of mechanisms described, enables the process of pulverizing, grading,
and pressing into cakes to be continuously carried on within a fraction of the space
and in a fraction of the time required for the mechanism now in use; the work is
more thoroughly and economically done, the separation of the grades is practically
perfect and no loss results from waste.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an apparatus for the manufacture of whiting, in combination with a tank
containing liquid and the crushing apparatus working therein, a series of screens
differing in fineness of mesh, circulating devices connecting said tank and screens
for causing the liquid from the crushing tank, containing the crushed material in
suspension, to flow over said screens, and suitable separate receptacles to receive the
matter passing through the different screens, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
2. In an apparatus for the manufacture of whiting in combination with the liquid
containing tank and the crushing apparatus working therein, an overflow device for
allowing the exit of the upper part of the liquid from the tank, a receptacle into
which such overflow discharges, circulating devices for drawing off the mingled
liquid and crushed material from such receptacle, screens connected by said devices
with said receptacle over which the mingled liquid and material are passed, a
suitable receptacle to receive what passes through the screen, a press, and
connections between it and the receptacle below the screen, through which the
contents of such receptacle can flow into the press to be there compacted, substan-
tially as and for the purpose shown.
3. In an apparatus for the manufacture of whiting, in combination with the liquid
containing crushing tank and the crushing apparatus therein, one or more screens,
circulating devices between said tank and screens for discharging over the latter the
liquid from the crushing tank containing the crushed material in suspension, a
receptacle for each screen to receive what passes through the latter, a press for
compacting the material connected with such receptacle, and circulating devices for
returning the liquid issuing from the press to the crushing tank, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
4. In an apparatus for manufacturing whiting, a tank containing water, crushing
mechanism operating in the same, an overflow outlet from the upper part of the tank,
a receptacle into which such overflow discharges, means for drawing off the mingled
water and whiting from such receptacle, a series of grading screens over which the
mingled liquid and whiting is discharged by the draw off device, a series of chambers
each connected with one of the screens, a force pump, the inlet pipe thereof
connected by suitable valved pipes with the different chambers of the series, the
press into which the eduction pipe of said pump discharges having its further

page_text: or outer end adapted to allow the flow of water while keeping back any whiting in
the latter, and means for returning the water issuing from the press back to the
crushing tank again, all combined substantially as and for the purpose described.
Dated this 7th day of February 1892.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agente.