IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATIS FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Philip Preston, John Theodore Prestige, and
Edwin James Preston, trading under the Firm of Josiah Stone & Co., of High-
Street, Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineers, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATIS FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Philip Preston,
John Theodore Prestige, and Edwin James Preston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1880.
FREDERICK PHILIP PRESTON, JOHN THEODORE PRESTIGE, and EDWIN JAMES
PRESTON, trading under the Firm of Josiah Stone & Co., of High Street, Deptford,
in the County of Kent, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS,
AND PREVENTING WASTE OF SAME."
The first part of this our Invention relates to improvements in the construction
of single and double valve ships' water closets, such as are described in the
Specification of our Patent, No. 4844, of 1876. According to this our Invention
we make the passage between the self acting overflow valve and the closet-pan of a
tapering form, the larger end being at the closet pan; by this arrangement we are
enabled to use a strainer of a larger area, and to make it flush with the inside of the
pan instead of projecting inwards as heretofore, and we thus improve the flush or
flow of the water, reduce the number of joints, and simplify the construction.
We make the supply valve in such closets of a conical or curved form, and so
relatively to the seating that the valve finds its bearing in almost any position in
which it might be placed with regard to the seating, whereby the flow of the water
tends to effectually flush and cleanse the seating and the valve, and no raised
seating is required. Sometimes we use a valve in connection with a horizontal
spindle and hinged to the interior of the valve box.
While retaining horizontal and parallel upper and lower pan valve seatings we
mprove the action for working them and take off the side and cross strain on the
working parts for producing the flow or flush; for this purpose instead of the
vibrating fulcrum heretofore used we employ a fixed one with slots and rollers in
Price Sal

page_text: the lever that works it, also in the pull up appliance we arrange a guide standard
up and down which slides a weight to which the pull up rod is connected. The
weight carries a pin and roller which works in a slot in the valve lever, or the slot
Sometimes instead of the roller
may be in the weight and the pin in the lever.
We also prefer to
and slot we use a link attached to the weight and lever.
materially shorten the distance between the centre of the valve and the lever fulcruin
while still leaving a clear full way through the valve seating for the soil to flow
through, we thereby reduce the weight required to close the pan valve and reduce
the height of the closet.
For ships' closets under the water line of the ship we use a horizontal double
acting pump, and which we prefer should be arranged immediately below the closet
pan, so that the soil flows at once into the valve box, and so that the passages
leading to each side of the piston are about equal, and the air spaces between the
two suction valves and piston quite equal; the pump has suitable valves and
connections.
In order to reduce friction we prefer to actuate the piston by a rocking lever on
The connection
a spindle which has an oscillating motion in a stuffing box.
to the pump may be at one end of the chamber below the suction valves instead of
being in the middle. As the soil is discharged both in the instroke and outstroke
of the pump the work. for producing the required flush or flow is much easier
performed.
This Invention further consists in water supply apparatus for cisterns for
producing the flush or flow in water closets in general, for urinals, and for other
places requiring such, and we simplify the construction and improve the action as
follows: We connect the supply valve with the ball cock lever which is bent up
and enters the valve casing from below; the valve may be hinged to the seating or
valve casing; the lever may be connected to the valve by a joint pin, and formed
with a nose or stop. The water pressure tending to keep the valve on its seat is
assisted in this by the floating power of the float. When the float sinks with the
lowered water level in the cistern the valve is partly lifted or tilted off its seat,
allowing the water to run into the cistern; as the water rises again and the valve
is closed the ball cock lever comes in contact with the edge of the valve casing
which forms a fulcrum for the lever, the float exerting a leverage tending to keep
the valve closed. By putting a spring or elastic substance between the valve
and the lever we obtain the lost motion required in water waste preventing
cisterns.
Our Invention further consists in a water waste preventing apparatus whereby
the amount of liquid that shall pass through it in a given time for the flushing
action is regulated and controlled. In a cylinder or chamber we so arrange a
piston or diaphragm that the liquid can pass from one side of the same to the
other; in connection with this piston or diaphragm we use a tubular sliding valve
or seating which forms the inlet or outlet; the means for regulating and controlling
as aforesaid may be a hole through the piston or diaphragm or moving part and a
wire loosely fitting in said hole; or, say, a small plain hole, or an india rubber ring
or cock or valve, or by the easy fit of the piston. When the sliding tube is with-
drawn from its seat the liquid can pass from the inlet to the outlet, and when the
piston approaches the end of the chamher the valve is brought to its seating closing
the communication between the inlet and the outlet, the time being regulated as
described. The action may be assisted by a spring placed in the chamber. When
an after flush is required we prefer using two pistons or diaphragm chambers, but
the ordinary trapping box may in some cases be used instead.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Philip Preston, John Theodore Prestige, and Edwin James
Preston in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th November 1880.
FREDERICK PHILIP PRESTON, JOHN THEODORE PRESTIGE, and EDWIN JAMES
PRESTON, trading under the Firm of Josiah Stone & Co., of High Street, Deptford,
in the County of Kent, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGU-
LATING AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND
PREVENTING WASTE OF SAME."
The first part of this our Invention relates to improvements in the construction
of single and double valve ships' water closets such as are described in the
Specification of our Patent No. 4844, of 1876. According to this our Invention we
make the passage between the self acting overflow valve and the closet pan of a
tapering form, the larger end being at the closet pan; by this arrangement we are
enabled to use a strainer of a larger area and to make it flush with the inside of
the pan instead of projecting inwards as heretofore, and we thus improve the flush
or flow of the water, reduce the number of joints, and simplify the construction.
An overflow valve of this shape is shown in Figure 1, Sheet 1, where a is the
inside line of closet pan, b is the tapering part with the valve d, and strainer a¹;
c is the casing for same; we thus keep the strainer flush with the inside of pan, and
also reduce the number of parts.
We make the supply valve in such closets of a conical or curved form and
50 relatively to the seating that the valve finds its bearing in almost any position
in which it might be placed with regard to the seating, whereby the flow of the
water tends to effectually flush and cleanse both the seating and the valve, and no
raised seating is required.
Figure 2 shews our improved form of supply valve for closets by means of
which the valve will find its seating in almost any position in which it might be
placed, also by making the seating the shape it is it tends always to keep it clean,
prolonging the life of the valve and avoiding leakage; a is the body or casing
of valve; b the cover; c the spindle to work the valve; d is the valve of india
rubber or other soft and comparatively elastic material, such as white metal; e is
the seating; it is obvious that the positions of valve and seating may be reversed,
or instead of their being made straight angular profile they can be made curved,
such as part spherical.
Sometimes we use a valve in connection with a horizontal spindle and hinged to
the interior of the valve box.
Figure 3 shews our improved horizontal valve in which a is the body or casing;
b, cover, with inlet; c, the valve spindle; d, the valve, and e, the seating; the action
of this supply valve is as follows:-By pushing the spindle c against the valve d it
raises same and opens a way for the water from inlet to outlet, while in noving it
in a contrary direction it allows the valve to close; the valve spindle c not being in
connection with the valve this construction allows a certain amount of play in
fitting up, although we may get the same amount of play, or nearly so, by making
the valve similar to that shewn in Figure 4, Sheet 3, as used for ball valves.
While retaining horizontal and parallel upper and lower pan valve seatings we
improve the action for working them and take off the side and cross strain on the
working parts for producing the flow or flush; for this purpose, instead of the
vibrating fulcrum heretofore used we employ a fixed one with slots and rollers in
the lever that works it; also in the pull up appliance we arrange a guide standard
up and down which slides a weight to which the pull up rod is connected; the
weight carries a pin and roller which works in a slot in the valve lever, or the slot
may be in the weight and the pin in the lever.

page_text: Sometimes instead of the roller and slot we use a link attached to the weight
and lever. We also prefer to materially shorten the distance between the centre of
the valve and the lever fulcrum, while still leaving a clear full way through the
valve seating for the soil to flow through; we thereby reduce the weight required
to close the pan valve and reduce the height of the closet.
Figure 4 is a section through a closet illustrating the horizontal and parallel
upper and lower pan valve seatings, a being the upper valve and a¹ the lower
valve; b is the upper and b¹ the lower valve seatings; c is the ventilating air pipe,
and & the overflow pipe from top chamber e with valve fat bottom to prevent
back wash or smell; g is the overflow valve grating, a section of which, with the
valve, was shown in Figure 1; h is a plug hole used for forcing or unstopping if
the soil pipe should become choked. It will be observed that the distance between
the centre of the valve a and a', and the fulcrum z, is materially shortened as
compared with such valves as heretofore made.
In single valve closets we do not use the overflow pipe nor the lower chamber
with valve and tumbler.
Figure 5 is an outside elevation of the closet shewing our improvements in the
method of working them, and Figure 5A a part end view shewing the pull up guide
arrangement; is the slotted lover; the weight with pin which slides up and
down the guide standard o; is the supply valve, and m the lever for working
same, with fixed fulcrum n, and acted on by a slotted part of the lever j; the
slot in the lever may of course be put in the weight instead, and the pin then in
the lever j.
Figure 6 shews the arrangement of weight and lever when we use a link
instead of a slot and pin. Figure 64 shows the arrangement of parts as applied to
a single valve closet that is without any lower valve nor chamber overflow.
For ships' closets under the water line of the ship we use a horizontal double
acting pump, and which we prefer should be arranged immediately below the closet
pan, so that the soil flows at once into the valve box, and so that the passages
leading to each side of the piston aro about equal and the air spaces between the
two suction valves and piston quite equal; the pump has suitable valves and
connections. In order to reduce friction we prefer to actuate the piston by a
rocking lever on a spindle which has an oscillating motion in a stuffing box. The
connection to the pump may be at one end of the chamber, below the suction valves
instead of being in the middle. As the soil is discharged both in the instroke and
outstroke of the pump the work for producing the required flush or flow is much
easier performed.
Figure 7 is a vertical cross section through the valve box or chamber of a
ship's closet pump; and Figure 8, a transverse section through the pump barrel,
showing also the pan a arranged immediately over the centre of the pump, so that
the soil flows at once into the valve chamber, the passages leading to each side of
the piston being about equal.
Figure 9 is a plan of lever gear for working the pump, and the means we prefer
to use for obtaining a long stroke for the pump, with the ordinary length of stroke
in the pull up lever d, allowing us to use a barrel of smaller diameter; the inter-
mediate lever x is fixed to the spindle y of the piston arm e, which latter is shewn
in Figure 13. The action is the same as in ordinary double acting pumps; the
piston in being moved from one end to the other by means of the levers d forms a
vacuum and draws in part of the contents of the pan on one side, and simultaneously
forcing the part already drawn in into the other side out through the delivery,
doing in the up and down motion of the pull up what is with single acting pump
done in one motion alone, by which means we divide the labour and make it much
easier to work the closet; also by making the piston arm and levers in the way
shewn in Figures 7 and 9 we reduce friction, the piston rod not having to pass
through a stuffing box, and being also covered in is not liable to breakage; the
closet working easier will be more likely to be used, and thus saving part of the
work on board ship in cleaning and unstopping same.

page_text: Figure 10 is a side elevation of a double acting pump connected to one end of
the chamber below the suction valves; Figure 11 is a vertical cross section through
the centre of the pump; Figure 12 is a vertical longitudinal section through the
valve chamber; and Figure 13, a longitudinal section through the pump barrel.
The spindle y is actuated by lever gear similar to that described with reference to
Figures 7 and 9, and passes through a stuffing box on the upper part of the
pump barrel; e is an arm thereon, which is connected to the piston ƒ by a
link g.
1
This Invention further consists in water supply apparatus for cisterns, for
producing the flush or flow in water closets in general, for urinals, and for other
places requiring such, and we simplify the construction and improve the action as
follows: We connect the supply valve with the ball cock lever, which is bent up
and enters the valve casing from below; the valve may be hinged to the seating or
valve casing; the lever may be connected to the valve by a joint pin, and formed
with a nose or stop. The water pressure tending to keep the valve on its seat is
assisted in this by the floating power of the float. When the float sinks with the
lowered water level in the cistern the valve is partly lifted or tilted off its seat,
allowing the water to run into the cistern. As the water rises again and the valve
is closed the ball lever comes in contact with the edge of the valve casing, which
forms a fulcrum for the lever, the float exerting a leverage tending to keep the
valve closed. By putting a spring or elastic substance between the valve and
the lever we obtain the "lost motion required in water waste preventing
cisterns.
دو
This part of our Invention relates to that section of water regulating apparatus
called ball valves, which valves are generally made with valves that lift either
vertically or horizontally, and as a rule are in equilibrium or else with the pressure
to open them; in ours the valve tilts or is hinged, and the pressure is on the back,
tending to close same. Figure 14 is a vertical section through a valve made rigid
with the ball lever, and is not tilted by means of a long stem as in some others;
a is the casing; b, the valve; c, the lever, to the outer end of which the ball is
attached. The ball lever c forms its fulcrum on the edge of the valve casing. In
Figure 15 the valve bis at one side hinged to the casing or the scating, and at the
underside to the lever c, and the fulcrum d is made on a bracket formed on the
casing. Figure 16 shews the valve hinged to the casing or seating, and at d is fixed
to the lever c; also the lever end next the valve is made with a finger or nose so as
to get the greatest leverage to open the valve. In Figure 17 the valve is rigid
with the lever, and this valve, and also the one shewn in Figure 16, or modifica-
tions of same, may be used in water waste proventing cisterns, or where after the
valve so closed it is required to move the lever still further; in Figure 16 this, of
course, is easily done, the lever not being fitted to the valve, but in Figure 17 we
place an elastic washer or spring f, by preference in the way shown, between
the collar gon lever c, and a casing cage, or slip, or bridge h on valve b. The
lever c, in Figures 14 and 17, bearing against the lower edge of casing a, and in
Figure 15 against the fulcrum pin d, when the cistern is full presses the valve on
its seating with a force equal to the length of leverage, plus the displacement of
ball, thus adding to the tightness of valve gained by pressure on back of same.
Our Invention further consists in a waste water preventing apparatus whereby
the amount of liquid that shall pass through it in a given time for the flushing
action is regulated and controlled. In a cylinder or chamber we so arrange a
piston or diaphragm that the liquid can pass from one side of the same to the other;
in connection with this piston or diaphragm we use a tubular sliding valve or
seating which forms the inlet or outlet. The means for regulating and controlling
as aforesaid may be a hole through the piston, or diaphragm, or moving part, and a
wire loosely fitting in said hole, or say a small plain hole, or an india rubber ring,
or cock, or valve, or by the easy fit of the piston. When the sliding tube is with-
drawn from its seat the liquid can pass from the inlet .to the outlet, and when

page_text: the piston approaches the end of the chamber the valve is brought to its
seating, closing the communication between the inlet and the outlet, the time
being regulated as desired. The action may be assisted by a spring placed in
the chamber.
Figure 18 shews a section through one of our water waste preventing taps for
use over sinks, &c. a is the cylinder or chamber; b, the piston, which is shewn in
this case to be one of Giffard's Patent pistons, but any of the pistons shewn in our
Patent, No. 4539 of 1878, will answer; e is the sliding tube or valve seating,
through which the water passes on its way from inlet e to outlet f; d is the wire
regulating the time the piston is travelling from one end to the other, such as
shown in the Specification of our Patent, 4539 of 1878; the inlet e is fitted with
pressure regulator j; g is the handle by which the apparatus is worked. The
action is as follows:-The tap is here shewn closed. On turning the handle g the
sliding tube c is raised; turn the piston and water can pass through the sliding
tube c from inlet e to outlet f; at the same time the piston b is gradually rising by
means of the action of the spring h, as well as because of the water passing by the
wire regulator d accumulating behind the piston b, till at last the piston b seats
itself against the sliding tube seating c, shutting off the supply: Now in turning
the handle the reverse way the piston b is carried to the bottom of the chamber a
by the sliding tube c, and the tap is ready to measure off or regulate another
supply.
Figure 19 shews a similar trap, but with a diaphragm b instead of a piston. The
same letters as before used apply now.
Figure 20 is an outside view, and Figure 21 is a section of a valve for closets, &c.,
when a lever g is used instead of the handle with screwed spindle, as in Figure 18.
Where an apparatus is to be used inside a cistern we prefer using an apparatus
similar to that shewn in Figure 22, and which is placed in the bottom of any
cistern, and the action of which is as follows:-a is the cylinder; b, the piston ;
c, sliding seat; d, the wire regulator; c is the inlet; f, the outlet; g, the lever
handle, and the spring. The apparatus is shewn at rest. On raising the outer
end of the lever g the sliding seating c is lowered, and water can pass through to
the outlet f. The piston 6 at the same time gradually falls, and at last rests on the
sliding seating c, shutting off the water, the time being regulated by the wire
regulator d, or any others of the regulators shewn in Specification of our Patent,
No. 4539 of 1878, may be used.
When an after flush is required we prefer using two pistons or diaphragm
chambers, but the ordinary trapping box may in some cases be used instead."
Figures 23 and 24 are two vertical sectional views of the valve as adapted when
an after flush is required, as, for instance, in a valve or pan closet. To effect this
we use two cylinders, two pistons, and two sliding seatings, as shewn, and work
them in the following manner :-
a is the lower chamber; a', the upper; b and b¹, the pistons; c and c¹, the sliding
seatings; d, d, wire regulators; e is the inlet; f, the outlet, in this case with the
pressure regulator j therein; g is the lever handle, and h, h¹, the springs. On
raising the lever g, and with it the double sliding seating c, c', the piston b¹ is
raised to the top of its cylinder a', and the spring h¹ is compressed; at the same
time the piston b in lower cylinder a is released, and can rise until it reaches the
sliding seating c, shutting off the water. Now on releasing the lever handle it.
drops, and with it the sliding seating c, c¹, carrying the lower piston b to the bottom
of its cylinder a, and releasing the top cistern b₁, so that it can gradually fall on
to its seating c¹ and shut off the water from that, the time being regulated partly
by the size of chambers or cylinders a, a', and partly by the wire or other regulators
before mentioned for the same purpose. Where the apparatus is to be placed inside
cisterns then instead of placing the cylinders in a line we prefer to place them side
by side, as shewn in Figure 25, and use a lever g, as shewn, working one after the
other, as before described.

page_text: And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention and how
the same is or may be carried into effect, we declare that we claim,
First. In double and single valve ships' water closets the taper formed passage
between the self acting overflow valve and the closet pan in combination with the
enlarged strainer flush with the inside of the pan, as described with reference to
Figure 1, and for the purposes set forth.
Second. In double and single valve ships' water closets the valve d, in com-
bination with the seating e, as described with reference to Figure 2, and for the
purposes set forth.
Third. The supply valve Figure 3, when applied in the manner described to
double and single ships' valve closets.
Fourth. The guided pull up weight, in combination with the lever j, and applied
to a ship's closet, substantially as described with reference to Figures 5, 54,
6, and 64.
Fifth. The improved double valve and single valve closets in which the flushing
arrangements, the top chamber or receiver overflow, the pan overflow, and the
parts for working the closet are arranged and combined substantially as described
with reference to Figures 4, 5, 5, 6, and 6A.
Sixth. Placing the pan of a ship's pump closet directly above the valve chamber
of a double acting horizontal pump, worked substantially as described with reference
to Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13.
Seventh. The rocking lever e with link g and spindle y passing through a
stuffing box, in combination with the levers d and a for working a horizontal ship's
closet pump, as described with reference to Figures 7, 9, 11, and 13.
Eighth. The tilting valve b, in combination with the bent ball cock lever c,
having its fulcrum below the valve seating, as described with reference to Figures 14,
15, 16, and 17.
Ninth. The combination of parts forming the improved cylinder waste water
preventers, having sliding tubular seats c and pistons, such as b, or diaphragms
with wire or other regulators for the flow of the water, in the manner described
with reference to Figures 18 to 25.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick Phillip Preston, John Theodore
Prestige, and Edwin James Preston, have hereunto set our hands and scals,
this Tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty
F. P. PRESTON. (L.S.)
J. T. PRESTIGE. (LS.)
E. J. PRESTON.
(L.S.)
F. P. PRESTON. (L.S.)
J. T. PRESTIGE. (LS.)
E. J. PRESTON. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Philip Preston, John Theodore Prestige, and
Edwin James Preston, trading under the Firm of Josiah Stone & Co., of High
Street, Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineers, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE
FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND PREVENTING WASTE OF SAME.”
+
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Philip Preston,
John Theodore Prestige, and Edwin James Preston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1880.
FREDERICK PHILIP PRESTON, JOHN THEODORE PRESTIGE, and EDWIN JAMES
PRESTON, trading under the Firm of Josiah Stone & Co., of High Street, Deptford,
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS
in the County of Kent, Engineers.
REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS,
AND PREVENTING WASTE OF SAME."
"
FOR
The first part of this our Invention relates to improvements in the construction
of single and double valve ships' water closets, such as are described in the
Specification of our Patent, No. 4844, of 1876. According to this our Invention
we make the passage between the self acting overflow valve and the closet-pan of a
tapering form, the larger end being at the closet pan; by this arrangement we are
enabled to use a strainer of a larger area, and to make it flush with the inside of the
pan instead of projecting inwards as heretofore, and we thus improve the flush or
flow of the water, reduce the number of joints, and simplify the construction.
We make the supply valve in such closets of a conical or curved form, and so
relatively to the seating that the valve finds its bearing in almost any position in
which it might be placed with regard to the seating, whereby the flow of the water
tends to effectually flush and cleanse the seating and the valve, and no raised
seating is required. Sometimes we use a valve in connection with a horizontal
spindle and hinged to the interior of the valve box.
While retaining horizontal and parallel upper and lower pan valve seatings we

page_text: improve the action for working them and take off the side and cross strain on the
working parts for producing the flow or flush; for this purpose instead of the
vibrating fulcrum heretofore used we employ a fixed one with slots and rollers in
the lever that works it, also in the pull up appliance we arrange a guide standard
up and down which slides a weight to which the pull up rod is connected. The
weight carries a pin and roller which works in a slot in the valve lever, or the slot
may be in the weight and the pin in the lever. Sometimes instead of the roller
and slot we use a link attached to the weight and lever. We also prefer to
materially shorten the distance between the centre of the valve and the lever fulcrum
while still leaving a clear full way through the valve seating for the soil to flow
through, we thereby reduce the weight required to close the pan valve and reduce
the height of the closet.
For ships' closets under the water line of the ship we use a horizontal double
acting pump, and which we prefer should be arranged immediately bolow the closet
pan, so that the soil flows at once into the valve box, and so that the passages
leading to each side of the piston are about equal, and the air spaces between the
two suction valves and piston quite equal; the pump has suitable valves and
connections.
In order to reduce friction we prefer to actuate the piston by a rocking lever on
a spindle which has an oscillating motion in a stuffing box. The connection
to the pump may be at one end of the chamber below the suction valves instead of
being in the middle. As the soil is discharged both in the instroke and outstroke
of the pump the work for producing the required flush or flow is much easier
performed.
This Invention further consists in water supply apparatus for cisterns for
producing the flush or flow in water closets in general, for urinals, and for other
places requiring such, and we simplify the construction and improve the action as
follows: We connect the supply valve with the ball cock lever which is bent up
and enters the valve casing from below; the valve may be hinged to the seating or
valve casing the lever may be connected to the valve by a joint pin, and formed
with a nose or stop. The water pressure tending to keep the valve on its seat is
assisted in this by the floating power of the float. When the float sinks with the
lowered water level in the cistern the valve is partly lifted or tilted off its seat,
allowing the water to run into the cistern; as the water rises again and the valve
is closed the ball cock lever comes in contact with the edge of the valve casing
which forms a fulcrum for the lever, the float exerting a leverage tending to keep
the valve closed. By putting a spring or elastic substance between the valve
and -the-lever we obtain the lost motion-required in water waste preventing
cisterns.
Our Invention further consists in a water waste preventing apparatus whereby
the amount of liquid. that shall pass through it in a given time for the flushing
action is regulated and controlled. In a cylinder or chamber we so arrange a
piston or diaphragm that the liquid can pass from one side of the same to the
other in connection with this piston or diaphragm we use a tubular sliding valve
or seating which forms the inlet or outlet; the means for regulating and controlling
as aforesaid may be a hole through the piston or diaphragm or moving part and a
wire loosely fitting in said hole; or, say, a small plain hole, or an india rubber ring
or cock or valve, or by the easy fit of the piston. When the sliding tube is with-
drawn from its seat the liquid can pass from the inlet to the outlet, and when the
piston approaches the end of the chamber the valve is brought to its seating closing
the communication between the inlet and the outlet, the time being regulated as
described. The action may be assisted by a spring placed in the chamber. When
an after flush is required we prefer using two pistons or diaphragm chambers, but
the ordinary trapping box may in some cases be used instead.
.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Philip Preston, John Theodore Prestige, and Edwin James
Preston in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th November 1880.
FREDERICK PHILIP PRESTON, JOHN THEODORE PRESTIGE, and EDWIN JAMES
PRESTON, trading under the Firm of Josiah Stone & Co., of High Street, Deptford,
in the County of Kent, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REQU
LATING AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND
PREVENTING WASTE OF SAME SHIPS WATER CLOSETS."
The first part of this our Invention relates to improvements in the construction
of single and double valve ships' water closets such as are described with reference
to Figure 14 in the Specification of our Patent No. 4844, of 1876. According to
this our Invention we make the passage between the self acting overflow valve and the
closet pan of a tapering form, the larger end being at the closet pan; by this arrange-
ment we are enabled to use a strainer of a larger area and to make it flush with
the inside of the pan instead of projecting inwards as heretofore, and we thus
improve the flush or flow of the water, reduce the number of joints, and simplify the
construction.
An overflow valve of this shape is shown in Figure 1, Sheet 1, where a is the
inside line of closet pan, is the tapering part with the valve d, and strainer a';
c is the casing for same; we thus keep the strainer flush with the inside of pan, and
also reduce the number of parts.
We make the supply valve in such closets of a conical or curved form and
so relatively to the seating that the valve finds its bearing in almost any position
in-which-it-might be placed with regard to the seating, whereby the flow of the
water tends to effectually flush and cleanse both the seating and the valve, and-no
raised seating is required:
Figure 2 shews-our improved form of supply valve for closets by means of
which the valve will find its senting in almost any position in which it might be
placed, also by making the seating the shape it is it tends-always-to-keep it clean,
prolonging the life of the valve-and-avoiding leakage; a is the body or easing
of valve the cover; -c the spindle to work the valve; d is the valve of india
rubber or other-soft-and-comparatively elastic material, such as white metal; & is
the seating, it is obvious that the positions of valve and seating may be reversed,
or instead of their being made straight angular profile they can be made ourved,.
such as part spherical.
Sometimes we use a valve in connection with a horizontal spindle and hinged to
the interior of the valve box.
Figure 3 shews our improved horizontal valve in which a is the body or easing
beover, with inlet ; c, the valve-spindle; d, the valve, and e, the seating; the action
of this-supply valve is as follows: By pushing the spindle-c against the valve dit
raises same and opens a way for the water from inlet to outlet, while in moving it
in a contrary direction it allows the valve to close; the valve spindle-c not being in
connection with the valve this-construction allows a certain amount of play in
fitting up, although we may get the same amount of play, or nearly so, by making
the valve-similar to that shewn in Figure 1, Sheet 3, as used for ball valves.
While retaining horizontal and parallel upper and lower pan valve seatings we
improve the action for working them and take off the side and cross strain on the
working parts for producing the flow or flush; for this purpose, instead of the
vibrating fulcrum heretofore used in connection with the supply valve we employ a fixed
one with, slots and rollers in the lever that works it; also in the pull up appliance we
arrange a guide standard up and down which slides a weight to which the pull up rod
is connected; the weight carries a pin and roller which works in a slot in the valve
lever, or the slot may be in the weight and the pin in the lever,

page_text: Figure 10 is a side elevation of a double-neting-pump-connected to one end of
the chamber below the suction valves; Figure 11 is n vertical cross-section-through
the centre of the pump; Figure-12 is n vertical longitudinal section through the
valve chamber; and Figure 13, a longitudinal-section-through the pump barrel.
The spindle-y-is-actuated by lever-gear-similar to that described with reference-to
Figures 7 and 0, and passes through a stuffing box on the upper part of the
pump barrel; e is an arm thereon, which is connected to the piston /-by-n
link g
This Invention further consists in water supply apparatus for cisterns, for
produeing-the-flush or flow in water closets in- general, for urinals, and for other
places requiring such, and we simplify the construction-and-improve the nation as
follows: We-connect the supply valve with-the-ball-cook-lever, which is bent-up
and enters the valve easing-from-below; the valve may be hinged to the seating or
valve-ensing; the lever may be connected to the valve by a joint-pin, and formed
with a nose or stop. The water-pressure tending to keep the valve on its sent is
assisted in this by the floating power of the font. When the font sinks with the
lowered water level in the cistern the valve is partly lifted or tilted off its seat,
allowing the water to run into the cistern. As the water rises-again-and the valve
is-elosed the ball lever comes in contact with the edge of the valve-easing, which
forms a fulcrum-for the lever, the float exerting a leverage tending to keep the
valve-closed. By putting a spring or elastic substance between the valve-and
the lever we obtain the "lost motion" required in-water waste preventing
eisterns.
This part of our Invention relates to that section of water-regulating apparatus
enlled ball valves, which valves are generally made with valves that lift either
vertically or horizontally, and as-u rule are in equilibrium or else with the pressure
to open them in ours the valve tilts or is hinged, and the pressure is on the buck,
tending to close-same. Figure 11 is a vertical section through a valve-made-rigid
with the ball-lever, and is not tilted by means of a-long-stem-us in come others;
a-is the encing; b, the valve; c, the lever, to the outer-end of which the bali is
attached. The bull lever c forms its fulerum on the edge of the valve casing. In
Figure 15 the valve b is at one side hinged to the easing or the seating, and at the
underside to the lever c, and the-fulerum-d is made on a bracket formed on the
ensing. Figure 16 shews the valve hinged to the easing or seating, and at-l-is fixed
to-the lever c; also the lever end next the valve is made with a finger or nose co-as
to get the greatest leverage to open the valve. In Figure 17 the valve is rigid
with the lever, and this valve, and also the one shewn in Figure 16, or modifien-
tions of same, may be used in water waste preventing cisterne, or where-after the
valve so closed it is required to move the lever still further; in Figure 16 this, of
course, is easily done, the lever not being fitted to the valve, but in Figure 17 we
place an elastic washer or spring, by preference in the way shown, between
the collar y en lever c, and at easing enge, or slip, or bridge--on-valve-.-The
lever c, in Figures 11 and 17, bearing against the lower edge of easing a; and in
Figure 15 against the fulerum rind, when the cistern is full presses the valve-on
its-senting with a foree-equal to the length of leverage, plus the displacement of
ball, thus-adding to the tightness of valve gained by pressure on back of same.
Our Invention further consists in a waste water preventing apparatus whereby
the amount of liquid that shall pass through it in a given time for the flushing
nction-is-regulated and controlled. In a cylinder or chamber we to arrange a
piston or diaphragm that the liquid can pues-from-one side of the same to the other;
in connection-with this piston or diaphragm we use a tubular sliding valve-or
senting which forms the inlet or outlet. The means for regulating and controlling
as aforesaid-may-be a hole through the piston, or din; :hragm, or moving part, and a
wire loosely fitting in suid hole, or cay a small plain hole, or an india rubber ring,
or cock, or valve, or by the easy fit of the piston. When the sliding tube is with-
drawn--from-its seat the liquid can pass from the inlet to the outlet, and when

page_text: the piston approaches the end of the chamber the valve is brought to its
senting, closing the communication between the inlet and the outlet, the time
being regulated as desired. The nation may be-assisted by a spring placed in
the-chamber.
Figure 18 shews a section through one of our water waste-preventing taps-for
use-over sinks, &e.a is the cylinder or chamber; b, the piston, which is shewn in
this case to be one of Giffard's Patent pistons, but-any of the pistons chewn in our
Patent, No. 4530 of 1878, will-answer;-e-is-the sliding tube or valve seating,
through which the water passes on its way-from-inlet e to outlet f;d is the-wire
regulating the time the piston is travelling from one end to the other, such as
shown in the Specification of our Patent, 4530 of 1878; the inlet-e is fitted with
pressure regulator j; -is the handle by which the apparatus is worked. The
action is as follows:-The tap is here-shewn closed. On turning the handle-g-the
sliding tube-c is raised; turn the piston-b-and-water-enn-pass-through-the-sliding
tube-c-from-inlet to outlet /nt the same time the piston-bis gradually rising by
means of the netion of the spring-1, as well as because of the water passing by the
wire regulator-d-necumulating behind the piston / till at last the piston--sents
itself against the sliding tube senting shutting off the supply. Now in turning
the-handle-the-reverse way the piston is carried-to-the-bottom of the chamber-a
by-the-sliding tube c, and the tup is ready to measure-off-or regulate another
supply:
Figure 10 shews a similar trap, but with-a-diaphragm-6 instead of a piston. - The
same letters as before used apply now.
Figure 20 is an outside view, and Figure 21 is a section of a valve for closets, &e,
when a lever g is used instead of the handle with serewed spindle, us in Figure-18.
Where an apparatus is to be used-inside-n cistern we prefer using an apparatus
similar to that chewn in Figure 22, and which is placed in the bottom of any
eistern, and the action of which is as follows--a is the cylinder; b, the piston+
c, sliding seat-d, the wire regulator; e is the inlet;-; the outlet, the lever
handle, and the spring. The apparatus is shewn at rest. On-raising the outer
end of the lever-y-the sliding seating c is lowered,-and-water can pase through to
the outlet The piston / at the same time-gradually-falls, and at last rests on the
sliding seating c, shutting off the water, the time being regulated by the-wire
regulator-, or any others of the regulators shown in Specification of our Patent,
No. 4530 of 1978, may be used.
When an after flush-is- required we-prefer using two pistons or diaphragm
ehambers, but the ordinary trapping box may in some-eases be-used instead.
Figures 23 and 24 are two vertical sectional views of the valve as adapted when
an after flush is required, us, for instance, in a valve or pan-closet. To effect this
we use two-cylinders, two pistons, and two sliding centings, as shewn, and work
them in the following manner
a is the lower-chamber; a', the upper b-and-', the pistons; cand c', the sliding
sentings-dd', wire regulators; & is the inlet; /, the outlet, in this ease with the
pressure regulator j therein; -y is the lever handle; and-, -1', the springe. On
raising the lever g, and with it the double sliding seating c; c', the piston 'is
raised to the top of its eylinder a', and the spring /' is compressed; at the same
time the piston 6 in lower cylinder a is released, and can rice until it reaches the
sliding seating c, shutting off the water. Now on releasing the lever handle-g-it
drope, and with it the sliding centing c, c', carrying the lower piston / to the bottom
of its cylinder a; and releasing the top cistern 0', so that it can gradually fall on
to its seating-c-and shut off the water from that, the time being regulated partly
by the size of chambers or cylinders-a, a', and partly by the wire or other regulators
before mentioned for the same purpose.-Where the apparatus is to be placed inside
eisterns then instead of placing the cylinders in a line we prefer to place them side
by side, as shewn in Figure 25, and use-a lever g, as shown, working one after the
other, as before-described.

page_text: And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention and how
the same is or may be carried into effect, we declare that we claim,—
First. In double and single valvo ships water closets the taper formed passage
between the self acting overflow valve and the closet pan in combination with the
enlarged strainer flush with the inside of the pan, as described with reference to
Figure 1, and for the purposes set forth.
Second. In double and single valve-ships' water closets the valve-d, in com
bination with the seating e, as described with reference to Figure 2, and for the
purposes set forth.
Third. The supply valve-Figure--3, when applied in the manner described to
double and single ships' valve-closets.
Fourth Second. The guided pull up weight k, in combination with the lover j,
and applied to a ship's closet, substantially as described with reference to Figures 5,
54, 4, and 6ª.
Fifth. The improved double valve and single valve-closets in which the flushing
arrangements, the top-chamber or receiver overflow, the pan-overflow, and the
parts for working the closet are arranged and combined substantially as described
with reference to Figures 1, 5, 5-6, and 64:
Sixth. Placing the pan of a ship's pump closet directly above the valve-chamber
of a double-acting horizontal pump, worked substantially as described-with-reference
to Figures 7, 8, 0, 10, 11, 12, and 13.
Seventh. The reeking lever e with link y and spindle y passing through e
stuffing box, in combination with the levers d-and a for working a horizontul ship's
eloset pump, as described with reference to Figures 7, 0, 11, and 13.
Eighth. The tilting valve b; in combination with the bent ball cock lever c
having its fulerum below the valve seating, as described with reference to Figures 14,
15, 16, and 17.
Ninth The combination of parts forming the improved
preventers, having sliding tubular seats cand pistons, such
with wire-or other regulators for the flow of the water, in
with reference to-Figures 18 to 25.
cylinder waste water
as 13-or-diaphragms
the manner described
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick Phillip Preston, John Theodore
Prestige, and Edwin James Preston, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
F. P. PRESTON. (L.S.)
J. T. PRESTIGE. (L.S.)
E. J. PRESTON.
(L.S.)
F. P. PRESTON. (L.S.)
J. T. PRESTIGE. (L.S.)
E. J. PRESTON. (L.S.)