Improvements in Hydraulic Lifts and Cranes.
Year: 1893

page_text: · Date of Application, 11th July, 1893-Accepted, 18th Nov., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic Lifts and Cranes.
I FREDERICK GLASS of Sturt Street, South Melbourne, in the Colony of
Victoria, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to devise novel simple and efficient improvements
in the machinery of hydraulic lifts or other hoisting apparatus whereby the con-
sumption of pressure water may be reduced to an extent not heretofore attained,
being regulated according to the load actually raised at any given moment.
To attain this object I design the machines of longest possible stroke thus
necessitating the fewest number of multiplying sheaves and so reducing friction and
attaining actual practical economy in working. At same time I so design the
machines as to avoid the use of internal or piston water tight packings, (which
generate much more friction than the external ram packings, cause more leakage
and cost more than double as much for maintenance) and at same time keep such
packings as few in number as possible and easy of access. Further I provide
simple and efficient means whereby the varying load in the lift car or at the end of
lift or crane chain or rope automatically actuates specially designed valves here-
after described, either by the strain 'thus put on such rope or chain being transmitted
to such valve or valves through medium of rods, chains ropes or weighted levers or
by the varying pressure created in the lift cylinders due to the load in car or at
end of chain or rope being transmitted to such valve or valves for the purpose of
bringing one or more powers into play to raise a given load as required with a
proportionate consumption of water as desired.
Proceeding to more particularly describe my invention―
Figures 1 to 12, (Sheets Nos. 1 and 2) shew the different types of machines
designed by me to accomplish my purpose;
Fig
igures 13, 14 and 15 (Sheet No. 3)-the valves designed to operate same;
Figures 16 and 17 an arrangement of said valves and
Figure 18 a general arrangement of the whole hoist with gear complete.
Taking these in order-Figure 1 is designed to give three powers thus-
1st. To raise the lighest load pressure water is admitted to top cylinder C only
("D" being left open to the exhaust tank) and acting on ram A" forces down
rambead "F" which through medium of tension rods "E, E" pulls on cross-
head "G" which through medium of usual multiplying sheaves "H, H" and ropes
or chains "I, I" raises load or loaded car. The pressure water used in this
operation is simply according to the area of the ram "A" multiplied by its stroke
in cylinder "C as cylinder "D" is at this time closed to pressure and opened to
the exhaust tank and is filled up (as ram "B" passes out of it owing to the action
of pressure water on ram "A") from the exhaust tank which is fixed above the
lift cylinder and is kept replenished by the waste water driven out of cylinder by
the rams coming back into cylinders when car descends.
2nd. To raise a higher load pressure water is admitted into cylinder "D" and
operates on annular space of ram "B" (the ram "B" being made so much larger
in diameter than ram "A" that the area of the annular space "B" is greater than
the area of the ram "A"), at same time cylinder "C" is opened to the exhaust
tank. In this case the pressure water used is according to the area of the annular
space "B" of ram "B" multiplied by its stroke in cylinder "D."
3rd. To raise the greatest load the pressure water is admitted to both
cylinders "C" and "D" and pressing on end of ram "A" in cylinder "C" and
on the annular space "B" of rami
"B" in cylinder "D" exerts its full power to

page_text: raise the maximum load for which machine is designed whilst the water used is in
proportion to the area of ram "A" plus the area of annular space "B" multiplied
by stroke of machine.
It is manifest that by making the annular space "B" less (instead of greater
than the area of ram "A's" diameter as above) I can so arrange matters that the
light load is raised by annular space "B" and the medium by ram "A" and the
heavy by the two combined.
It is also manifest that by fixing the moving multiplying sheaves "H". to the
ram head "F" and the fixed multiplying sheave or sheaves to the upper end of
cylinder "C" and passing the ropes or chains round these sheaves I could reduce
the length of space required for machine where necessary.
Figure 2 is also designed to give three powers after the same manner as
Figure 1. In this case the two rams "J" and "K" are made of different
diameters and.
1st. For the lightest. load pressure water is admitted to the cylinder of the
smallest ram, the other cylinder being open to exhaust tank.
2nd. For medium load pressure water is admitted to the cylinder of the larger
ram, the other cylinder being open to exhaust tank.
3rd. For heaviest load pressure water is admitted simultaneously to both
cylinders in both figures.
« Μ'
"
Figure 3 is designed to give six powers in following manner-In ram "L, M, N "
the area of "N" being the smallest, "L" is larger, and the annular space
largest.
1st. For lightest load cylinders "O" and "Q" are opened to pressure whilst "P"
is shut to pressure and open to exhaust tank. The result is that the pressure on
top of "L" (which is a larger diameter than at "N" but smaller than at "M")
forces ram "6
L, M, N" out of cylinder "O, M" into cylinder "N" (all the
cylinders being as before fixtures). As both cylinders "O" and "Q" are open to
the same pressure main it follows that the water in cylinder "Q" now being dis-
placed by the forcing home of ram " N goes to help fill up cylinder "O" so that
only so much pressure water is drawn from pressure main to fill up the displacement
of ram "L in cylinder "O" as is equal to the area of "L" minus "N" multiplied
by stroke of machine, and the effective power to raise the load is the area of "L"
minus the area of "N" giving the power for lightest load with least consumption
of pressure water.
"
"
2nd. For second or heavier load cylinders "P" and "Q" are opened to pressure
whilst cylinder "O" is closed to pressure and open to the exhaust tank. In this
case the effective area subject to pressure is the annular space "M" minus area
of "N" and the water used is equivalent to the area of such annular space minus
area of "N" multiplied by the stroke of the machine; the water driven out of
cylinder "Q" by ram "N" going to help fill up cylinder "P" so that less water
is taken from the pressure main.
66
3rd. For third power the cylinder "O" is opened to pressure and the cylinders "P"
and "Q" to exhaust tank so that effective area to raise load is simply the area of
the diameter of ram "L" and pressure water used equal to area of "L" multiplied
by stroke of machine.
"
4th. For fourth power the cylinder "P" is opened to pressure and the
cylinders "O" and "Q" to exhaust tank so that effective area to raise load is
simply the annular space "M"; and the water used equal to area of annular
space "M" multiplied by stroke of machine.
5th. For fifth power the three cylinders "O," "P" and "Q" are opened to
pressure. In this case the effective area subject to pressure is in proportion
(ram "L" plus annular space "M") minus ram "N" and the water used is such
area multiplied by stroke of machine.
6th. For sixth and heaviest load the cylinders "O" and "P" are opened to
pressure and cylinder "Q" is opened to exhaust tank when the effective pressure
area equals "L" plus aunular space "M" without any deductions and the water

page_text: used is the maximum amount being proportionate to the added areas of "L"
and "M" multiplied by stroke of machine.
Figure 4 is designed for two powers only.
"
"
1st. For light load both cylinders "S" and "T" are open to the pressure main
and the ram "U" in lower cylinder being larger in diameter than ram "R" in
upper cylinder, the ram " U is forced out of its cylinder whilst the ram "R" is
forced into its cylinder, the water thus forced out of cylinder "S" by ram "R
helping to fill the cylinder "T." In this case the effective area and pressure for
raising the load is "U" minus "R" and the pressure water used is directly
proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
2nd. For heavy load cylinder "T" is opened to pressure and "S" to exhaust
tank so that the effective area for pressure is area of ram "U" without any
deduction and water used is proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of
machine.
"
Figure 5 is a six power machine designed to take up less height than Figure 3.
The action is identical to that already described in connection with Figure 3
ram "V" (Figure 5) taking the place and function of annular space ram "M
(Fig. 3)-ram "W" (Figure 5) taking place and functions of ram "N" (Figure 3)
and ram
"X" (Fig. 5) taking place and function of ram "L" (Figure 3).
Figure 6 is designed for ten powers-As in all preceding cases all the cylinders
are fixed, the rams and crossheads moving and lengthening the ropes round
multiplying sheaves to raise the load. As drawn in Figure 6 ram D" is the
smallest in diameter ; "C" next larger "B₁" next larger and "A1" the largest
diameter.
66
1st. For lightest load cylinders "E¹," "F" and "H¹" are opened to pressure.
and "G" to exhaust tank giving as effective pressure area "A" minus ("B1"
plus "D") and water consumption in proportion to such area multiplied by stroke
of machine.
"
2nd. For second load cylinders "G¹" and "H" are opened to pressure
and "E" and "F" to exhaust tank giving as effective pressure area "C
minus "D" and water consumption in proportion to such area multiplied by
stroke of machine.
"
"
3rd. For third load cylinders "E" and "F"¹ are opened to pressure and "G"
and "H" to exhaust tank giving as effective pressure area "A1" minus "B¹" and
water consumption in proportion to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
4th. For fourth power all four cylinders are opened to pressure giving an
effective pressure area "A1" plus "C" minus ("B" plus "D1") and water con-
sumption such area multiplied by stroke of the machine.
5th. For fifth power cylinders "E" and "H¹" are opened to pressure and "FI”
and "G" to exhaust giving as effective pressure area "A1" minus "Di" and
water comsumption in proportion to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
6th. For sixth power cylinder "G" is opened to pressure and the other three
cylinders are opened to exhaust tank, effective pressure area then is "C1" simply
and the water consumption such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
7th. For seventh power cylinders "E""F" and "G1" are opened to pressure-
mains and "H" to exhaust tank, the effective pressure area being ("A":"
plus "C") minus "B" and water consumption such area multiplied by stroke of
machine.
8th. For eighth power cylinder "E" is opened to pressure and all other
cylinders to exhaust tank, the effective pressure area being A¹" multiplied by .
stroke of machine.
66
k
9th. For ninth power cylinders "E" "G" and "H" are opened to pressure
and "F" to exhaust tank the effective pressure area being ("A1" plus "C1")
minus "D" and water consumption such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
10th. For tenth power cylinders "E" and "G" are opened to pressure and "F1"
and "H" to exhaust tank the effective area being "A" plus "C" without

page_text: any deduction and the water consumption such area multiplied by stroke of
machine.
Where twelve powers are required I use the same construction as in Figure 6
but vary the diameters of rams making the ram D" the smallest ram (as before)
but ram "B" next size larger, ram "("next size larger and "A" the largest
diameter then I gain two additional powers thus―
11th. For eleventh power cylinders "F" and "G'" are opened to pressure
and "E" and "H" to exhaust tank the effective area being "C" minus "B"-
("C" as stated being then made larger than "B₁") and the water consumption
such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
12th. For twelfth power cylinders "G" "FI
" and "H" are open to pressure
and "E" to exhaust tank, the effective pressure area is then "C1" minus
("B1" plus "D1") and the water consumption such area multiplied by stroke of
دو
machine.
The preceding six constructions are all of the tandem type and where height is
available prefer such type and the constructions as these invented for as will be
seen I obtain two powers in Fig. 4 with only two gland packings, three powers in
Fig. 2 with only two gland packings and again three powers (Fig. 4) in less
height than Figure 1 with only two gland packings six powers in Figure 3 with
four gland packings and again six powers in Figure 5 with three gland packings
and twelve powers in Figure 6 with only four gland packings whilst there are
no internal or piston packings in the whole six constructions and all the gland
packings are easily accessible ensuring minimum friction and greatest economy
in use of water and the machinery is of the simplest, cheapest, and most compact
and in character necessitating least possible cost for maintenance.
The arrangements of machines Figures 7 to 12 inclusive Sheet 2 I design more
expressly to suit local circumstances where it is essential (owing to limited space in
a building) that the machine should occupy less height than is the case in the
machines before described.
"
Figure 7 (Sheet 2) shews a fifteen power machine. In this design the six
hydraulic cylinders "D, E, F, J, K, L are all fixed to same plate wall or other
foundation the rams A, G," "B, H," "C, I" moving in same. and. raising the
load by means of multiplying sheaves "O or cross-head "N"; where necessary
however owing to limited space available I fix these sheaves on the ramhead "M"
dispensing with tension rods "P, P, P, P and fix corresponding multiplying
sheaves to cylinder head at "Q.”
"
"
The fifteen degrees of hoisting power are obtained as follows--
1st. Cylinder "E" is opened to pressure, all the other cylinders being closed to
pressure and open to exhaust tank then effective area of pressure to raise load is
the area of ram "B" simply and pressure water used is proportionate to such area
multiplied by stroke of the machine.
2nd. Cylinder "L" is opened to pressure, all others being open to exhaust tank
then effective area of pressure to raise load is the area of annular space in
ram "H" and water used is proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of the
machine.
"
3rd. Cylinders " D, F are opened to pressure, all others being opened to exhaust
tank, then effective area of pressure to raise load is "A" plus "C" and the water
used is proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of the machine.
4th. Cylinders "J, K" are opened to pressure and all others to exhaust tank,
then effective pressure area is "G" plus "I" and water used in proportion to such
area multiplied by stroke of machine.
5th. Cylinders "D, E, F" are opened to pressure and all others to exhaust tank,
then effective pressure area is "A" plus "B" plus "C" and water used is in
proportion to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
6th. Cylinders "J, K, L" are opened to pressure and all others to exhaust tank,
the effective pressure area then is ("G" plus "H" plus "I") and the water used
is in proportion to such area multiplied by stroke of the machine.

page_text: 7th. Cylinders "E, L
are opened to pressure and all others to exhaust tank ;
effective pressure area then is "B" plus "H" and water used is proportionate to
such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
8th. Cylinders "E, K, J" are opened to pressure and all others to exhaust tank 3.
effective pressure area then is "B" plus "G" plus "I" and water used is propor-
tionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
9th. Cylinders "D, F, L" are opened to pressure and all others to exhaust tank,
then effective pressure area is "A" plus "C" plus "H" and water used is
proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
10th. Cylinders "D, F, K, J" are opened to pressure and the others to exhaust
tank; then effective area of pressure is "A" plus "C" plus "G" plus "I" and
water used is proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of the machine.
11th. Cylinders D, E, F, L" are opened to pressure and the others to exhaust
then pressure area is "A" plus "B" plus "C" plus "H" and water used is
proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
12th. Cylinders "E, K, L, J" are opened to pressure and the others to exhaust
tank then effective pressure area is "B" plus "G" plus "H" plus "[” and water
used is proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
"
13th. Cylinders "D, E, F, K, J" are opened to pressure and the other cylinders
to exhaust tank then effective pressure area is "A plus "B" plus "C"
plus "G" plus "I" and water used is in proportion to such area multiplied by
stroke of machine.
14th. Cylinders "D, F, K, L, J" are opened to pressure and the other
cylinder to exhaust tank; then effective pressure area is "A" plus "C" plus "G"
plus "H" plus "I" and water used is proportionate to such area multiplied by.
stroke of machine.
15th. All the six cylinders are opened to pressure and effective pressure area is
the area of all the rams and the water used is proportionate to such area multiplied
by stroke of the machine.
In this design it will be seen there are nine external water tight packings, and
that the design is formed by fixing side by side three pairs of cylinders each of
tandem type similar to Figure 1 (previously described as a three power machine).
Where there is sufficient height space available I, for a fifteen power machine,
preferably arrange the three pairs of cylinders of tandem type as Figure 2 which
would give the same fifteen power as in Figure 7 and necessitate only six water
tight packings instead of nine as in Figure 7.
Figure 8 is a seven power machine. In this construction cylinders "E, F, H, G"
are fixed to a wall, plate or other foundation the rams "A, B, C, D" moving out-
wards raising the load through medium of ramhead "J" tension rods "L, L"
crosshead "I" and multiplying sheaves "K."
1st. For first power pressure is admitted to cylinder "E," other cylinders being
open to exhaust tank and effective area is area of ram "A" and water used is
proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
2nd. Cylinder "H" is opened to pressure, all others being open to exhaust tank
and effective pressure area is annular space "D" and water used is proportionate to
such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
3rd. Both cylinders "E" and "H" are opened to pressure and the other
cylinders are opened to exhaust tank the effective pressure area being "A" plus "D";
water used being proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
4th. Cylinders "F" and "G are opened to pressure and the other cylinders to
exhaust tank; effective pressure area being "B" plus
"C" and water used propor-
tionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
59
5th. Cylinders "E, F, G" are opened to pressure and the other cylinder to
exhaust tank, effective pressure area being "A" plus "B" plus "C" and water.
used proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
6th. Cylinders "F, G, H" are opened to pressure and the other cylinder to.

page_text: exhaust tank, effective pressure area being "B" plus "C" plus "D" and water
used proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
7th. All the cylinders are open to pressure power obtained and water used in
proportion to the added diameter of all rams.
66
Figure 9 is a six power machine. The cylinders "D, E, F, H" are fixed to a
wall, plate or other foundation the ram B, G" raising load through medium of
ramhead "1," tension rods "J, J" crosshead "K" and multiplying sheaves "L."
The rams are so proportioned that the added areas of "A" and "C" (which are
of equal diameters) is less than the area of "B" or of annular space open pressure
on ram "G" in cylinder "H."
to
1st. For first power cylinders "D, E, F" are opened to pressure and "H" to
exhaust tank, the effective pressure area being "B" minus ("A" plus "C") and
the water used proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
H"
2nd. The cylinders "D, F, are opened to pressure and "E" to exhaust tank,
the effective pressure area being "G" minus ("A" plus "C") and the water used
proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
3rd. The cylinder "E" is opened to pressure and all other cylinders to exhaust
tank, the effective pressure area being area of "B" and the water used being
proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
4th. The cylinder "H" is opened to pressure and all others to exhaust tank, the
effective area being annular space "G" and the water used proportionate to such
area multiplied by stroke of the machine.
5th. All cylinders are opened to pressure and the effective area becomes "B"
plus "G" minus ("A" plus "C") and the water used is proportionate to such
area multiplied by stroke of the machine.
6th. For heaviest load cylinders "E, H" are opened to pressure and "D, F"
to exhaust tank the effective area being "B" plus "G" without any deduction
and the water used proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
Figure 10 is a six power machine designed to occupy the smallest possible
amount of height or length, and consists of three cylinders "F, B, G" fixed side
by side to a wall, plate or other foundation. The centre cylinder "B" is bored
to receive packed piston "A" which is connected to ramhead " C" through
medium of piston rod "I." The two side cylinders "F, G" are fitted with
rams "D" and "E" also connected to ramhead "C." Cylinder "B" is arranged
with an inlet at both ends so that either or both may be connected to pressure main
or exhaust tank as required.
1st. For lightest power both ends of cylinder "B" are opened to pressure and
cylinders "F" and "G" to exhaust, the effective pressure area being area of
piston "A" minus area of annular space "H" under such piston and the water
used is proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
2nd. For second power the upper end of cylinder "B" is opened to pressure and
the lower end of cylinder "B" and the other cylinders are opened to exhaust tank,
then the effective pressure area equals full area of piston "A" without any
deduction and the water used is proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of
the machine.
66
3rd. For third power the cylinders F" and "G" and the lower end of
"B" to
cylinder "B" are opened to pressure and the upper end of cylinder
exhaust, tank, the effective pressure area then being ("D" plus "E") minus
annular space "H" and the water used proportionate to such area multiplied by
stroke of machine.
"F"
4th. For fourth power both ends of cylinder "B" and also cylinders
and "G" are opened to pressure and the effective pressure area becomes ("A"
plus "D" plus "E") minus "H" and the water used is proportionate to such area
multiplied by stroke of the machine.
5th. For fifth
power
the cylinders "F" and "G" are opened to pressure and
the cylinder "B" is opened at both ends to the exhaust tank and the effective

page_text: pressure area is "D" plus "E" and the water used is proportionate to such area
multiplied by stroke of machine.
"
6th. For sixth power or heaviest load the cylinders "F" and "G" and also the
upper end of cylinder "B" are opened to pressure and the annular space "H" to
exhaust tank, the effective pressure area being "D" plus "E" plus "A without
any deduction and the water used proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke
of machine.
Figures 11 and 12 are three power machines designed to occupy least possible
height and length.
In Figure 11 the cylinder "A" and the hollow rams "C," "B" are rigidly
connected with the fixed crosshead "D" to a wall, plate or other foundation whilst
the cylinders "E" and F" and the ram "G" are free to move carrying with
them ramhead "H" and moving multiplying sheaves "I."
56
"
1st. For lightest load pressure is admitted to cylinder "A," the other cylinders
being open to exhaust tank, and the effective area is the area of ram
Ġ" only
and the water used is proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
2nd. Pressure is admitted through hollow rams "C"
and "B" to the
cylinders "E, F" while "A" is opened to exhaust; effective pressure area being
area of "C" plus "B" and water used proportionate to such area multiplied by
stroke of machine.
3rd. Pressure is admitted to all three cylinders and effective pressure area
becomes "C" plus "B" plus, "G" and water used is proportionate to such area
multiplied by stroke of machine.
"
In Figure 12 the three cylinders "D, E, F" are fixed to a wall, plate or other
foundation and the moving rams "A, B and C are connected to ramhead "G."
1st. For first power pressure is admitted to cylinder "E" and the other cylinders
are opened to exhaust tank, the effective pressure area being "B" and the water
used being proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
2nd. For second power, pressure is admitted to cylinders "D, and F" whilst "E"
is opened to exhaust tank and the effective pressure is "A" plus "C," the water
being proportionate to such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
"
3rd. For third power, pressure is admitted to all three cylinders and the effective
pressure area is " A plus "B" plus "C" and the water used is in proportion to
such area multiplied by stroke of machine.
Coming now from the method of changing from one power to the other by means
of suitable valves and gear ;-Figures 13, 14 and 15 (Sheet 3) give different views
of the valve I have designed to work automatically from the pressure in either one
or other of the hydraulic lifting cylinders comprising the machine. The automatic
valve illustrated in Sheet 3 is specially designed for a three power machine such
for instance as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet 1).
"A" and "E" in same
This valve has a double ported slide "L" with ports
and an inlet "B" cut through slide. The two pressure ports "C" and "D" in
body of valve are placed in the centre and the exhaust ports on either side "C"
and "T" being respectively pressure and exhaust for say cylinder "C" (Fig. 1 ;
Sheet 1); and " D" and "T" respectively pressure and exhaust ports for
cylinder "D" (Fig. 1; Sheet 1). The port "D" is made long so that in one
position the port "B" in slide may be over port "D" and whilst the port "A" in
slide at same time puts "C" in communication with "D" at other end of long
port "D." At one end of this special slide valve and attached to same bed plate is
fixed a motive cylinder "H and at the other end a motive cylinder "J." In
cylinder H" works the small ram "G" with dead stop "G" at end of same.
In cylinder "J" works a piston "K" (of larger diameter than ram G"). The
slide valve rod "F" is rigidly attached to piston "K"; but ram "G" is not
rigidly connected to rod "F." Thus if sufficient power be applied to ram "G"
(whilst valve is in position as shewn on Sheet 3) the ram "G" pressing against
rod "F" pushes it and slide valve "L" forward, raising weighted lever "O"
which is connected to rod "F" through medium of short crank lever "M" and
66

page_text: weigh shaft "N" (Fig. 14) until the stop "G₁" stops the further travel of the
ram "G." The piston "K" however is not only larger in diameter, but has
also a longer travel than ram
"G."
During the motion of ram "G" the
piston "K" is of course also pressed forward (it being rigidly connected to
rod "F" and the end of cylinder "J" being always open so that there is no
back pressure. The travel of ram "G" being accomplished, if pressure be now
admitted through inlet "P2" to front of piston "K." Piston "K" with rod "F"
and slide valve "L" are drawn further forward in the same direction, the
rod "F" being free to move away from ram "G" against which it simply
butts. The mechanism is so arranged that when ram "G" reaches the end of
its stroke it had raised lever "O" to such a position that pin "V" in links "S"
enters groove
"V" in lever "P," so that when piston "K" starts to move it
has to raise weighted lever "P" as well as lever "O."
Referring to Figure 1, Sheet 1; for first or lightest power cylinder "C" has
to be opened to pressure and "D" to exhaust fank. The valve as illustrated
(Fig. 13 Sheet 3) is in position for this operation, port "C" (Fig. 13) which
is connected by usual pipe connections to cylinders "C" (Fig. 1 Sheet 1) being
opened to pressure through port "B" in slide "L"; whilst port "D" (which
is connected by usual pipe connections to cylinder "D" (Fig. 1 Sheet 1) is as
will be seen open through port "E" to exbaust port "T"."
The pressure in cylinder "C" is of course regulated by the resistance caused
by the load at the end of lifting rope or chain thus if the main pressure be
700 lbs. per inch and the ram "A" proportioned to raise maximum load of
3 cwt. with such pressure, the pressure in cylinder "C" will not rise to 700 lbs.
until the load at end of chain or rope is made to equal or exceed 3 cwt.
The cylinder "H" of valve (Fig. 13) is connected by pipe "P" to cylinder "C"
(Fig. 1) and ram "G" is so proportioned that when the pressure in cylinder "C"
(Fig. 1) and consequently in cylinder "H" (Fig. 13) rises to 700 lbs. such
pressure is sufficient to overcome the resistance of weighted lever "O" and
pushes ram "G" forward raising weighted lever "O" moving slide "L" forward
until port "B" in slide "L" opens into port "D" admitting pressure to
cylinder "D" (Fig. 1) whilst port "A" in slide at same time covering ports "T"
and "C," close cylinder "C" to pressure and open it to exhaust tank. This
gives the second or heavier power; the effective pressure area to raise the load
now being the annular space "B," ram "B" in cylinder "D." This serves to
raise loads up to say 6 cwt. or whatever load "B" is proportioned to raise as
a maximum with the main pressure of 700 lbs. and when six cwt. is placed on the
car or crane chain the pressure rises in cylinder "D" to 700 lbs. and "D"
(Fig. 1) being connected by pipe "P2" (Fig. 13) to front of piston in small
cylinder "J" (Fig. 13) this pressure is transmitted to piston "K" and over-
coming both the resistance of weighted lever "O" and weighted lever "P"
(now picked up through medium of links "S" and pin "V") and draws valve
over until port "B" in slide "L" has advanced to the farther end of long
port "D" and port
"A" at same time opens communication between
ports "D" and ""; thus making port "B". an inlet of pressure to both
cylinders "C" and "D" (Fig. 1 Sheet 1) and giving the third a maximum
lifting power with both rams "A" and "B
as effective for raising the load.
It should be noted that the levers "O" and "P" are so arranged (the valve
as shewn being horizontal) that the resistance due to such weights decreases_as
the valve travels forward and thus does away with the possibility of valve
sticking. Vice versa when load is taken off car or crane hook the weights "Q"
and "R" increase their leverage coming down and remove the possibility of
sticking when returning the valve to the lighter powers (see Fig. 15).
not confine myself to the use of a slide but where advisable use plug or piston
valves similarly arranged. This valve may be adapted to a greater number of
powers by increasing the number of slides, ports, valve motor cylinders, levers,
weights &c. after the same method.
"
do

page_text: When however four or more powers are required I preferably adopt the form of
valve shewn in detail in Sheet 4. In this valve the motive power for moving the
valve is taken from the hoisting ropes either at their connection at the fast end of
twisting ropes on the other side of machine remote from car or crane hook as in
Figs. 16 and 17 Sheet 4 or at the fast end of the twisting ropes in the car itself as
in Figure 18 Sheet 5.
Fig. 18 Sheet 5 represents a typical arrangement of the hoist complete. It is
not intended to illustrate a construction exactly applicable to all the various forms
of hydraulic rams illustrated in previous figures but is intended to give a general
idea of such hoists.
The actual arrangements and dimensions of the different parts of any given hoist
depend upon local circumstances and upon special requirements for each particular
case.
The hydraulic rams "A," Fig. 18, are similar in construction to those already
described in Figure 5, Sheet 1, in which there are three separate rams of different
diameters. The top, middle, and lower cylinders are respectively supplied with
water under high pressure in the manner previously described. It will be seen that
the cage "J" is supported by means of chains or cords or wire ropes, which pass
over the sheaves "K," "K" round the top pulley "L" and so down to the cage
where they are attached firmly taking hold of the tops of the two levers "1," "1,"
by means of the ends "2," "2." The cage of the hoist is guided in the usual
manner by means of small runners or slides upon the projecting fixed rib " M."
Upon the cage itself is fixed any well known type of automatic clutch gear to
prevent descent of the cage in the event of breakage of the hoisting ropes ;
the particular type illustrated consists of a series of levers actuating
two jaws "N," "N'," which grip the sides of the said rib in the event of
breakage of the lifting gear. Into the eye-bolts "O," "O¹," are fastened the ends
of two ropes, that attached to eye-bolt "O" passes down to the base of the hoist
shaft, round the sheave at the base and up over the sheaves "R" and down to the
end of lever "1," similarly the other rope attached to eye-bolt "O" passes down
round the sheave at the base of the hoist shaft up over the sheave "R¹" at the top
and down to the end of lever "1."
The method of actuating the said. hoist is as follows:-The attendant controls
the working of the hoist by means of the rope "H," which he pulls up or down.
As shown in Figure 18, the rope has been worked and left the lever "S" in mid
position so that the hoist cage is stationary; the said lever "S" controls the
valve "E." The high pressure water is brought to the site by means of the
pipe "D," which is connected to the valve box "E." The pipe "D1" is connected
to the valve "P1" and the pipe "D" to the exhaust pipe "D3" and so to the
exhaust tank "D" placed at such a height as to keep the whole of the apparatus
full of water. The said tank is supplied with an automatic overflow.
If the rope "H" be pulled in one or other direction, up or down according to
arrangement, the valve "E" already described in detail in Figures 13, 14 and 15 is
brought into such a position that the high pressure water from the pipe "D" passes
through the body of the valve "E" down the pipe "D1" and reaches the com-
pound valve "P1" the action of which has already been described and illustrated
in Figures 16 and 17, being controlled by the levers "F." . The water then passes
up one or more of the pipes "G," "G," "G" according to the weight of load to
be lifted.
The general scheme of hoist shown in Figure 18, does not form the subject of my
improvements, but I have considered it best to show the general disposition of the
several parts which form the subject of the claims in order that their uses for hoists
in general may be clearly understood.
Referring to Sheet 4 the automatic valve as there illustrated is designed for a
six power lift or crane and is composed of three ordinary "D" slide valves "01"
"P" and "Q" worked by three special cam plates "02" "P2" "Q²." Taking
for example the six power lift (Fig. 3 Sheet 1). From previous description of
B

page_text: this machine it will be seen that it is required to so arrange the automatic valve
that it gives six operations in each of which the relative condition of each cylinder
(ie. whether open to exhaust or pressure) must vary as described.
Q"
This is accomplished simply and with practical certainty by means of valves as
illustrated Figs. 16 and 17 Sheet 4. This arrangement is composed preferably of
three ordinary "D" slide valves similar to "P3" such as are contained in valve
chests "OP" "Q" (though I also use where convenient ordinary plug or
piston valves) each operated by its cam or inclined plane bar "O" " þ² ” ‹°
through medium of weighted cranked levers "B" "B" "B" At the short
end of cranked levers "B," "B" "B2" are fixed rollers "D" "D" "D" which
are pressed against the front edge of bars "02" "P2" "Q" by the weights "C"
"C"
""C3" on levers "B" "B" "B" whilst the valve rods "B3" "B" "B5"
of the three "D" valves of which "P3" is illustrated, are attached to such levers
so that any movement at short end of cranked levers causes movement of the valve
slides opening each of the three lift cylinders "O" "P"« Q" (Fig. 3) to pressure
or exhaust. The bars "02" "P2" "Q" are so cut with inclined indents as shewn
that as these bars are raised or lowered the rollers on each lever ("B" "B" "B2")
are pressed in or out (or where no indent is made left in same relative position as
at previous operation) and valve moved to pressure or exhaust.
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is-
1. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-One or more auxiliary cylinders in connection
with the ordinary lift cylinder the whole being so arranged that the water may be
directed into either one or more of the cylinders by the varying weights imposed
on the cage lift or hook, the supply of said water being regulated by automatic
appliances, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth and described
and in the manner illustrated on the accompanying drawings.
2. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-The amplified constructions and combinations
of the cylinders and their parts as and for the purposes described and explained
and in the manner illustrated in Figures 1 to 12 of the accompanying drawings.
3. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-Securing the suspension cables of the car or
analogous weight to the short end of a radiating weighted lever connected to
vertically moving cam pieces, said cams being so arranged as to actuate the
necessary water supply valves to provide for varying loads, the action of the whole
being controlled by weighted levers substantially as herein before described and as
set forth in Figure 16 of the accompanying drawings.
4. In hydraulic lifts-Levers as "1" centred on a cage as "2" and from the
ends of which the car is made to suspend and so arranged that when the car lowers
or rises with varying weights the said lever balances and reciprocally radiates and
operates through the medium of the suspension cables a weighted lever and its
connections to actuate hydraulic valves for regulating the supply of pressure water
to the necessary cylinder or cylinders substantially as and for the purposes explained
and in the manner illustrated on Fig. 18 of the drawings.
5. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-Pistons as "G" and "K" for actuating a
valve as "L" for the purpose of synchronously and automatically adjusting the
supply of water to the cylinders to meet the requirements of varying loads sub-
stantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth and in the manner illustrated
on Figs. 13 and 14 of the accompanying drawings.
6. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-Weighted rods as "O" and "P" in combina-
tion with a slotted crank as "M" and actuating valve rod "F" for the purpose
of synchronously and automatically balancing and governing the action of the water
valves substantially as described and explained and as illustrated in Figures 13
and 14 of the accompanying drawings.
"
7. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-A series of weighted levers as "F to "F"
arranged in steps and in such a manner that the varying weight of the load may

page_text: lift one, or more of them, in accordance with the amount of water required to
overcome varying loads substantially as set forth and described and in the manner
illustrated in Figure 16.
8. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-Indented cam bars as."() 2" "P2" and "Q" "
for operating the hydraulic valves substantially as illustrated in Figures 16 and 17.
9. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-The combination with a ram piston as "A" of
an annular cut away piston as "B" substantially as and for the purpose described
and as illustrated on Fig. 1 of the drawings.
L
"N
"
"
10. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-The combination with a ram piston as
and annular cut away piston as "M" of an auxiliary piston and cylinder as
and "Q" substantially as and for the purposes explained and as illustrated on Fig. 3
of the accompanying drawings.
11. In hydraulic lifts and cranes -The alternate construction and combination of
the ram pistons and annular cut away pistons as and for the purposes set forth and
as illustrated in Figures 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12.
""
12. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-The alternate construction and combination
of the two " ram and one 66
packed" pistons substantially as and for the purposes
set forth and explained and as illustrated in Fig. 10 of the accompanying
drawings.
and 66
" H
"
13. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-The combination of a weighted rod as
and its connecting links as "G" with indented or cam bars as 66 02" 66 P2"
Q" provided with friction guide rollers with actuating valve gear
as "D" and "B" substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth and
explained and as illustrated in Figs. 16 and 17 of the accompanying drawings.
14. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-The combination with a valve as "L" of
inlet and outlet ports as "A "B" "C" "D" "E""T" and "T"respectively
and moving piston as "F" substantially as and for the purposes herein before set
forth and in the manner illustrated in Figures 13 and 14 of the accompanying
drawings.
15. In hydraulic lifts and cranes-The combination of the parts shewn on Figs. 13
and 14 consisting of cylinders "H" and "J" pistons "G" and "K" valve
rod "F" articulated crank "M "
weighted levers "O" and "P" and bar and
support "S" and "U". valve as "L" and valve seat provided with ports as "C"
"D" "T" and "T" as and for the purposes set forth and as illustrated.
16. In hydraulic lifts-The mechanical construction, arrangement and combina-
tion of the parts shewn on Figure 18 of the drawings herewith forming a complete
elevating machine.
Dated this 11th 2
1000
JOHN P. O'DONNELL,
70 & 71, Palace Chambers, Westminster, London, S. W.,
Agent for the said Applicant.