IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CARDING OR DRESSING WOOLLEN AND COTTON GOODS IN WHICH TEAZLES ARE REPLACED BY ROTATING CYLINDERS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon
and Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, South-
ampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CARDING OR DRESSING
WOOLLEN AND COTTON GOODS IN WHICH TEAZLES ARE REPLACED BY ROTATING
CYLINDERS."-A communication from abroad by Luigi Giacomini, of
the Soiety Luigi Giacomini, of Treviso, Italy.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-
Brown at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 8th November 1875.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-
Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CARDING OR DRESSING
WOOLLEN AND COTTON GOODS IN WHICH TEAZLES ARE REPLACED BY ROTATING
CYLINDERS, to be as follows:-
In the present Provisional Specification describe the modifications

page_text: made in the machines for carding or dressing of woollen or cotton goods
by replacing vegetable teazles by rotating cylinders composed of different
materials.
In the annexed Drawing Figure 1 is a longitudinal view and Figure 2
an end view of the machine.
The principle on which my cloth dressing machine is based is essen-
tially different from those of other machines made for the same purpose;
first, instead of a drum with three crosses covered with 16 to 18 frames,
on which the teazles are fixed, this machine is provided with a drum,
mounted on two crosses only, A, A, Figure 1, on which and in the
special trunnions B, B, let in on their circumference several dressing
cylinders c, c, c, Figures 1 and 2, rotate simultaneously and each sepa-
rately, I may say twelve such cylinders provided with galvanized
metallic pins or cords, and with chiendent or with whalebone fibre.
The main principle of my system therefore consists in causing the
said cylinders to rotate independently with respect to the rotation of the
crosses on which they rest. For this purpose I fix on the axis of each
cylinder and externally to one of the crosses (immaterial which) or even
to the 'two a pinion D, Figures 1 and 2, which gears with a corresponding
toothed circle E, Figures 1 and 2, held by means of the four arms of the
frame of the machine.
In place of the pinions and toothed circle I may use for the same.
effect pullies and a disc corresponding with double cone. The relation
of the teeth of the pinions to those of the circle is combined so that the
cylinders turn several times on themselves whilst the drum turns once,
and that in returning to their point of the teeth always to offer an
alternate side of their superficies. So as to achieve a rational dressing of
the wool with the said cylinders they are made to turn very rapidly, that
is to say, with a velocity of 500 or 600 revolutions per minute, so that
the metallic pins and those of the chiendent (chiendent à vergettes)
(andropogon digitatum) or fibres of whalebone confront the cloth
vertically and solidly. This problem has been solved by the principle of
two rotations, combined and separate, of the drum and the cylinders as
it has been defined above.
It must be observed, nevertheless, that the economy of the system
depends very much on the solidity of the said cylinders, which are
covered in a manner special.

page_text: To obtain from these cylinders all the effect possible it is arranged that
the cloth has always to travel contrariwise to the drum. For that pur-
pose the upper traverses F, Figures 1 and 2, of the machine are pro-
longed, and there are fixed to the two extremities and at regular distances
two series of three supports each, G, G, G, Figure 2, in the which turn
three rollers 1, 2, 3, Figure 2. The rollers of each series in direct com-
munication with one another by means of geared pinions (H, Figure 1)
fixed on their axles interior to the supports are put in action by a
gearing wheel j, Figures 1 and 2, fixed on the axle of the roller 1
exteriorly to the support and in communication with other similar
wheels a, b, c, which receive the movement from a wheel k, Figures 1
and 2, fixed exteriorly to the frames of the machine on the axle of the
drum.
The axle of the drum prolonged much more than in the carding
machines is provided with three pulleys, L, L, L, Figure 1, of which the
laterals 1 and 3' are loose, and that in the middle 2¹ is fixed so as to be
able to turn the drum at will in one direction or the other, and con-
sequently to dress the cloth at will either in direction of the nap or
against it. This principle of co-ordinating the rotation of the drum in
two directions is important, because the cylinders acting thus first in one
direction and then in the other ameliorates the action and effectiveness
of the fibres with which they are provided, which redress and sharpen
themselves at each turn of the drum. The stretching cylinder M,
Figures 1 and 2, of which there are two, one before and one behind the
lower surface of the drum, are constructed so that they only act to
stretch the cloth when it is mounted below the drum. It is casy to
apply other stretching cylinders above the drum if the cloth is to be
mounted above. The stretching cylinders should have the same rotations
as the rollers above described, and are moved by a band which works on
two pullies of the same diameter fixed, one N, Figures 1 and 2, on the
axle of each cylinder, and the other O on the axle of the roller I of each
series. On the lower supports P, Figure 2, of the machine is fixed two
screw supports Q, Figures 1 and 2, in which are let in the two extre-
mities of an iron blade R, Figures 1 and 2, of conical section, the which
by means of the handle S, Figures 1 and 2, may at will be brought
nearer to or farther from the dressing cylinders for cleaning off the fluff
which may adhere to them from their action on the stuff.
The fluff is collected on a metallic gauze T, Figure 2, fixed below the

page_text: iron blade and above the drum, and precisely at the central point is a
roller V, Figures 1 and 2, carried by two supports fixed on the traverses
of the machine F, F¹, Figures 1 and 2; this roller is fitted on its axle
right and left with two pinions V, Figures 1 and 2, each of which gear
into a bent rack W, W, Figures 1 and 2, corresponding and converging
on the front and back of the drum, and at the extremities of which racks
are also movable rollers x, x, Figure 2, called tension rollers. Following
the movement of rotation of the roller V the two rollers x, x, rise or fall
upon the drum, so that the stuff touches one or several dressing
cylinders. The roller V is put in motion by hand by means of a handle
which is found projecting to the left of the machine.
The advantages which this system of rotating dressing cylinders
presents over those of the teazles are very great. The metallic pins
which with the chiendent or the fibres of whalebone covering the
dressing cylinder in falling vertically on the stuff by the effect of their
rotation exercise on the stuff the action which is produced in another
manner by the hooks of the vegetable teazle, and even the useful effect
of dressing the stuffs to the desired depth, and in this case more
completely obtained in consequence of the light shock which it receives
by the alternation of the cylinders. This shock in redressing in an
opportune manner the nap that the first cylinder had raised from the
cloth facilitates the more efficacious action of the following cylinder, and
to carry it deeper into the body of the cloth. These before-mentioned
pins being straight and the cylinders having a circumference altogether
regular it results that the cloth is dressed uniformly over all its surface,
the danger of attacking the stuff is thus avoided and the undulations of
tint and colors always produced by the teazles which are difficult to
remedy, and which singularly depreciate the value of the stuff are no
longer visible. This regular surface of the dressing cylinders has also
allowed the co-ordination of the rotation of the drum in the two
directions, and so be able consequently without the least loss of time to
dress the cloth in the direction of the nap and against its direction, and
to dress more and quicker, because the cylinders acting as much in one
direction as the other the pins or fibres with which they are mounted in
redressing and sharpening themselves at each rotation of the drum
ameliorate always their effectiveness and their action.
The system has also the speciality of being able without any cost or
loss of time, and by the simple approach of the iron blade described in

page_text: the Drawings to doff off from the cleaning cylinders even during the
operation of the dressing any waste which may adhere to them.
Relatively to other systems of metallic teazles it is certain that this
system presents the special advantage of always preserving the metallic
pins from all kinds of oxidation, whether by the effect of the independent
rotation of each dressing cylinder which act respectively between them
as ventilators, or because these cylinders present collectively a working
useful surface of 5.07 metres, they do not come all in the same time in
contact with the cloth; but before the one which has acted returns, it
will have undergone a rotation of 30 revolutions, and that is equivalent
to its having run a course in a straight line of 12.600 metres under a
ventilation very powerful and constant.
No other system and that of the vegetable teazles much less than the
others can compete with this in its economy relatively to its durability.
In place of the useful surface of 1.60 to 1.80 metres, which the old
drums present this system with its 12 dressing cylinders has a useful
surface of 5.04 metres, which alone will give a duration of four times as
much;
but if one considers also the very great natural resistance of the
metallic pins sustained and aided by those of the chiendent or the fibres
of whalebone with which they are mixed, and the special resistance
obtained by the uniting of these pins in small independent bundles
closely packed and let into the cylinder, one must easily be convinced
that this durability may be extraordinary.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Morgan-Brown in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th April 1876.
.
"
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue
Gaillon, Paris, send greeting.
เ
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,

page_text: give and grant unto me, the said William Morgan-Brown, Her special
licence that I, the said William Morgan-Brown, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Morgan-
Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CARDING OR DRESSING WOOLLEN AND COTTON
GOODS IN WHICH TEAZLES ARE REPLACED BY ROTATING CYLINDERS," (a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Luigi Giacomini, of the Society Luigi
Giacomini, of Treviso, Italy), upon the condition (amongst others) that.
I, the said William Morgan-Brown, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said

page_text: and 2, пхеа exteriorly to the frames or Це щастие Un
drum.
The axle of the drum, prolonged much more than in the carding
machines, is provided with three pulleys L, L, L, Figure 1, of which the
laterals 1 and 3¹ are loose, and that in the middle 2' is fixed, so as to be
able to turn the drum at will in one direction or the other, and conse-
quently to dress the cloth at will either in direction of the nap or against
it. This principle of co-ordinating the rotation of the drum in two
directions is important, because the cylinders acting thus first in one
direction and then in the other ameliorates the action and effectiveness
of the fibres with which they are provided, which redress and sharpen
themselves at each turn of the drum. The stretching cylinders M,
Figures 1 and 2, of which there are two, one before and one behind the
lower surface of the drum, are constructed so that they only act to
stretch the cloth when it is mounted below the drum. It is easy to
apply other stretching cylinders above the drum if the cloth is to be
mounted above. The stretching cylinders should have the same rotations
as the rollers above described, and are moved by a band which works on
two pulleys of the same diameter fixed one N, Figures 1 and 2, on the
axle of each cylinder, and the other O on the axle of the roller I of each
series on the lower supports P, Figure 2, of the machine are fixed two
screw supports Q, Figures 1 and 2, into which are let the two extremities
of an iron blade R, Figures 1 and 2, of conical section, the which by
means of the handle S, Figures 1 and 2, may at will be brought nearer
to or farther from the dressing cylinders for cleaning off the fluff which
may adhere to them from their action on the stuff.
The fluff is collected on a metallic tray T, Figure 2, fixed below the
iron blade and above the drum, and precisely at the central point is a
roller V, Figures 1 and 2, carried by two supports fixed on the traverses
of the machine F, F', Figures 1 and 2; this roller is fitted on its axle
right and left with two pinions V, Figures 1 and 2, each of which gear
into a bent rack W, W, Figures 1 and 2, corresponding and converging
on the front and back of the drum, and at the extremities of which
racks are also moveable rollers X, X, Figure 2, called tension rollers.
Following the movement of rotation of the roller V the two rollers
X, X, rise or fall upon the drum, so that the stuff touches one or several
dressing cylinders. The roller V is put in motion by hand by means
of a handle which is found projecting to the left of the machine.

page_text: On the same principle as the machine previously described, and with
the view of accelerating and still further improving the napping of the
cloths and stuffs, we have constructed a machine with two drums
1 and 2, Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 2. The drums of this machine
are constructed in a similar manner as those of the machine above
described, as also its other main parts, such as disks, bearings, cylinders,
pinions, etc., which are marked with the same letters A, B, C, D, etc., it
has merely been found advisable, with a view to economy, to diminish
the diameter, and to provide these drums with 10 cylinders instead
of 12; it is possible however without in any way prejudicing the useful
effect either to provide each of these drums with 12 cylinders, or
reduce the number below 10%; this latter number however is more
rational. The pinions D of each cylinder turn like those of the machine
which has only one cylinder on corresponding toothed circles E, E,
Figure 1, in the same manner conical knives R, R, Figures 1, 2, and 3,
constructed in the same manner are placed below the two drums; these
knives, if requisite, may approach the cylinders of the drums in order
to doff them or take off the noil or fluff detached from the stuffs whilst
at work, and which is collected in the metallic tray T, Figures 1 and 3,
passing in one single piece beyond the two drums. The axis of the
drum 1 is also lengthened and provided with three pulleys 1, 2, 3,
Figure 2, with the view of rotating this drum as well as the other in
one direction or the other. In this machine as well as in the simple
machine the stuff always travels in the opposite direction to that of the
drums, with the object, as above stated, of accelerating and improving
the raising of the nap; for this purpose there is placed beside each
drum at three different places, either at the front or at the back, at
the upper part and at the back of the lower part a tightening cylinder
M, Figures 1, 2, and 3, and six similar ones 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, each of
which is coupled with an appropriate traction roller G, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
The tightening rollers are constructed on the same principle as those
of the simple machine, and they all turn at the same speed. For this
purpose are fixed on the axis of the tighteners 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, pulleys
N, N, Figure 3, of the same diameter which correspond in diameter
with others fixed on each of the tighteners 3 and 4, and from which
they receive motion by means of straps. Two sets of gears, the one
consisting in four for the drum 1, and the other of five for the drum 2,
and which start from the axis of the two drums in a diagonal and lower
direction towards the axis of the tension rollers 3 and 4 impart to these

page_text: latter the requisite and equal rotary motion, and at the same time these
latter by means of appropriate straps passing on the above-mentioned
pulleys, transmit uniform motions to the tighteners 1, 2, 5, 6. Between
the tighteners 1 and 2, 2 and 3, 4 and 5, 5 and 6, there is always a
pivotted rack w, w, Figures 1 and 3, (provided with a projecting tension
roller a, Figures 1, 3,) which gears in a pinion fixed on a stationary
axis v, Figures 1, 3, provided externally with a handle y, Figure 3.
The advantages which this system of rotating dressing cylinders pre-
sents over those of the teazles are very great. The metallic pins which
with the chiendent or the fibres of whalebone covering the dressing
cylinder in falling vertically on the stuff by the effect of their rotation
exercise on the stuff (the action which is produced in another
manner) by the hooks of the vegetable teazle, and even the useful effect of
dressing the stuffs to the desired depth, and in this case more completely
obtained in consequence of the light shock which it receives by the
alternation of the cylinders. This shock in redressing in an opportune
manner the nap that the first cylinder had raised from the cloth
facilitates the more efficacious action of the following cylinder, and to
carry it deeper into the body of the cloth. These before-mentioned
pins being straight, and the cylinders having a circumference altogether
regular, it results that the cloth is dressed uniformly over all its
surface. The danger of attacking the stuff is thus avoided, and the
undulations of tint and colors always produced by the teazles, which
are difficult to remedy, and which singularly depreciate the value of
the stuff, are no longer visible. This regular surface of the dressing
cylinders has also allowed the co-ordination of the rotation of the drum
in the two directions, and to be able consequently without the least loss
of time to dress the cloth in the direction of the nap and against its
direction, and so dress more and quicker, because the cylinders acting
as much in one direction as the other. The pins or fibres with which
they are mounted in redressing and sharpening themselves at each
rotation of the drum ameliorate always their effectiveness and their
action.
The system has also the speciality of being able without any cost or
loss of time, and by the simple approach of the iron blade described in
the Drawings, to doff off from the cleaning cylinders, even during the
operation of the dressing any waste which may adhere to them.
Relatively to other systems of metallic teazles it is certain that this

page_text: system presents the special advantage of always preserving the metallic
pins from all kinds of oxidation, whether by the effect of the independent
rotation of each dressing cylinder, which act respectively between them
as ventilators, or because these cylinders present collectvely a working
useful surface of 5.07 metres, they do not come all in the same time in
contact with the cloth, but before the one which has acted returns it
will have undergone a rotation of 30 revolutions, and that is equivalent
to its having run a course in a straight line of 12.600 metres under a
ventilation very powerful and constant.
No other system and that of the vegetable teazles, much less than
the others, can compete with this in its economy relatively to its
durability. In place of the useful surface of 1.60 to 1.80 metres, which
the old drums present, this system, with its twelve dressing cylinders,
has a useful surface of 5.04 metres, which alone will give a duration of
four times as much; but if one considers also the very great natural
resistance of the metallic pins sustained and aided by those of the
chiendent or the fibres of whalebone with which they are mixed, and
the special resistance obtained by the uniting of these pins in small
independent bundles closely packed and let into the cylinders, one must
easily be convinced that this durability may be extraordinary.
I claim,
Firstly. The principle of rotating dressing cylinders upon and with
machines for dressing cloth for the purpose of dressing woollen and
cotton cloths.
Secondly. The construction of dressing drums with only two cross
bars or crosses, having each several supports, for example twelve, as
in the Drawings, and the placing on these crosses and in their respective
supports as many dressing cylinders, these cylinders being furnished
with metallic pins (of steel, galvanized or not) combined with other
matters, and specially with chiendent or with whalebone fibres.
Thirdly. The clothing of these dressing cylinders with the materials
above mentioned united in little tufts strongly compressed into their
respective holes, and independent of each other.
Fourthly. The placing on the axles of the dressing cylinders, as well
below as exterior to the two cross bars, whether as indicated in the
Drawing or otherwise, of as many pinions which gear into one or more

page_text: toothed wheels, or of as many pulleys with double cones which roll
upon one or more discs with corresponding double cone (fixed solidly to
the frame of the machine) for the purpose of turning the cylinders, the
one independently of the other, whether all in the same direction or in
alternate direction in the same time that in their assemblage they form
a drum.
Fifthly. The principle of turning the dressing drum at will in one
direction or the other by placing on its axle three pulleys, of which the
two laterals are loose and the centre fixed.
Sixthly. The simultaneous dressing of the cloth on one or both sides
of the drum, either as it is indicated in the Drawings or otherwise.
Seventhly. And for the purpose of doffing the dressing cylinders the
use of an iron blade or other appliance that is made to approach the
cylinders whilst they are turning by fixing it direct to the machine on
support with adjusting screws for setting it nearer or farther from the
machine, according to the requirements.
Eighthly. For the purpose of making the cloth always travel in a
different direction to that of the drum, whatever the direction of the
rotation may be, the employment, as indicated in the Drawings or
otherwise, either of one, or of two, or of several series of conducting
rollers for the cloth.
Ninthly. The principle of making the cloth travel in a direction
contrary to the travel of the dressing drum, even in the machines with
one drum only, whatever the direction of its rotatory movement
may be.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-six.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN. (L.S.)