AN IMPROVED HIGH SPEED VALVELESS ROTARY MOTOR PUMP OR COMPRESSOR
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Dawes of Kingston Grove Leeds in the County
of York Engineer for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED HIGH SPEED VALVELESS
ROTARY MOTOR PUMP OR COMPRESSOR
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Dawes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1883.
WILLIAM DAWES, of Kingston Grove, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer
"AN IMPROVED, HIGH SPEED, VALVELESS, ROTARY MOTOR, PUMP, OR COMPRESSOR,"
The object of this Invention is the production of a revolving Engine or Motor,-
or, (reversed) Pump, or Compressor,-wherein perfect balance, absence of recipro-
cating parts, and freedom from undue strain, friction, and leakage, shall ensure,-
at very high speeds,-greater durability and permanence of satisfactory working
and result; and it may be thus described :-
"
gun
Having first provided a plain, strong, oblong, "sole plate" or bed, with a level
top surface, I fix upon this, a pair of standards or pedestals, fitted with "
metal or other suitable adjustable "bearings" of the ordinary construction, and
into these I fit a straight turned wrought iron or steel revolving shaft, about half
the length of the bed or sole plate, and upon the projecting or overhanging end of
this shaft, towards the vacant half or end of the bed,-I fix, firmly, a toothed,
bevelled wheel, which will run smoothly with and into another (duplicate) wheel,
at an angle of, say, thirty degrees from the perpendicular, and the first-named
wheel; the point or place of contact or gearing," being at the bottom of both
wheels.
"
This latter toothed bevelled wheel, runs upon a long, slightly tapered, steel
pin, which is firmly fixed in the centre of a circular face or disc, which forms
one side or face of a box casting, also answering for the steam and exhaust
chests, which is fixed upon the otherwise vacant end of the bed or sole plate.
This fixed circular face or disc is constructed to be also at an angle of thirty degrees
from the perpendicular, and consequently, the before-named taper steel pin; in its
centre, stands at an angle of thirty degrees from the horizontal line, and the face
of the sole plate.

page_text: I now construct a strong circular disc plate, about the same diameter as the
before-named fixed circular face, and I fit this to revolve steadily upon the root of
the fixed steel pin, and “steamtight" against the first-named circular face; and,
upon this revolving plate I fix, by preference, three,-but in some cases four,-
plain parallel, bored, Cylinders, at equal angles from each other, and in such a
manner that the central space between them shall, when bored, constitute a long
hearing surface" upon the fixed taper steel pin; and I fix, firmly and securely,
upon the free, open, ends of the Cylinders, the latter-named of the two bevelled,
toothed, wheels; the position of all the parts described, bringing it then into
position for gearing into the first-named wheel; so that this (second) wheel, the
three, (or four) cylinders, and the strong circular (faced) plate, all revolve as one
rigid, entire, and balanced whole, upon the central, fixed, taper, steel pin.
"
I next construct the pistons for working in the Cylinders, and these are simply
light, broad rings, made solid at one end by a plain plate or bottom, and grooved
outside, for small packing rings, and also constructed with adjustable sockets, for
what are known as "ball and socket joints;" and, into the plate or arm portion of
the first-named (vertical) bevelled toothed wheel, I construct similar, (and the same
number of) sockets, and I couple these to the pistons,-each to its own, by means,
of plain turned rods, having perfectly spherical balls at their ends, to fit into the
before-named sockets; and thus, as the whole revolves, the controlling effect of the
bevelled wheels, the thirty degree angle between them, and the equal length of the
connecting rods, cause the pistons to revolve in a vertical plane-parallel with
the first-named bevelled wheel, and consequently, in effect, to traverse the
Cylinders, without reciprocating;-as perfectly and effectively as those of an
ordinary reciprocating Engine or pump; and it is only necessary to explain, that
the "Cylinder Ports" are plain oblong radial openings in the strong, circular
revolving plate upon which they (the Cylinders) are fixed, and that their action,-
opening and closing, is therefore effected naturally, without machinery, by
suitable openings in the first-named, fixed, disc-face, over which their revolving
causes them to pass;the "timing," for admission, "cut off," and exhaust, being
arranged at the time of construction.
The fly-wheel, band-wheel, or a dynamo electric generator, may be fixed upon
the main shaft, between the two pedestals.
.In constructing the herein before described Invention as a motor, for steam or
air pressure, I consider it undesirable to lessen its simplicity by the introduction
of a variable or governable "cut off" arrangement; and I employ, in lieu thereof,
an attachment to the governor which shall enable it to "set" the governing valve
to the proper admission area, after any change of load, without a corresponding
permanent change," for the time being," in the Engine speed being required, to
enable the governor to give or maintain this altered area. This I accomplish by
enabling the governor itself to alter its own speed, or, in lieu, its angle or position,
at or for any previously determined or standard speed of the Engine. I employ,
for the above purpose, an intermittent. wedge or screw action, which shall have
the power, through the governor, to alter the position of the driving belt, upon a
"cone," used in lieu of a plain wheel or pulley; or, by acting upon a spring or a
sliding weight, shall produce a corresponding effect upon the governor, though, in
some cases, for the most exact or equal governing, I prefer to employ both the
above, upon the same Engine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Dawes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th September
1883.
WILLIAM DAWES, of Kingston Grove, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
"AN IMPROVED HIGH SPEED, VALVELESS, ROTARY MOTOR, PUMP, OR COMPRESSOR;"
The object of this Invention is the production of a revolving Engine or Motor,
or (when driven) pump or compressor,-wherein perfect balance, absence of
reciprocating parts, and freedom from undue strain, friction and leakage, shall
ensure, at very high speeds,-greater durability. and permanence of satisfactory
working and result, and it may be thus described :-
"
Having first provided a plain strong oblong "sole plate" or bed, with a level top
surface, I fix upon this, a pair of standards or pedestals, fitted with "
gun metal
or other suitable adjustable "bearings," of the ordinary. construction, and into
these I fit a straight turned, wrought iron or steel revolving shaft, about half the
length of the bed or "sole plate," and upon the projecting or overhanging end of
this shaft, towards the vacant half or end of the bed, I fix firmly, a toothed
bevelled wheel, which will run smoothly with and into another (duplicate) wheel,
at an angle of, say from thirty to forty degrees from the perpendicular and the
first-named wheel; the point or place of contact or "gearing" of the teeth, being
at the bottom of both wheels.
This latter toothed bevelled wheel, runs upon a long, slightly tapered steel pin,
which is firmly fixed in the centre of a circular face or disc, which forms one side
or face of a box casting; also answering for the steam and exhaust chests,-which
is fixed upon the, otherwise, vacant end of the bed or sole plate. This fixed
circular face or disc, is constructed to be also at an angle of thirty to forty degrees
from the perpendicular, and consequently the before-named taper steel pin, in its
centre, stands at an angle of thirty to forty degrees from the horizontal line, and
the face of the sole plate.
I now construct a strong circular, disc plate, about the same diameter as the
before-named fixed circular face, and I fit this to revolve steadily upon the root of
the fixed steel pin, and "steamtight" against the firstnamed circular face; and
upon this revolving plate, I fix three, four, or any convenient number of plain
parallel, bored cylinders at equal angles or distances from each other (circum-
ferentially) and in such a manner that the central space between them shall, when
bored, constitute a long bearing or working surface, upon the fixed taper steel pin ;
and I fix, firmly and securely, upon the free, open ends of the Cylinders, the latter
named of the two bevelled toothed wheels; the position of all the parts described,
bringing it then into position for gearing into the firstnamed wheel as described;
so that this (second) wheel, the three or more cylinders, and the strong circular
(faced) plate upon which they are fixed, all revolve as one rigid, entire, aud.
balanced whole, upon the central, fixed, taper steel pin.
I next construct the pistons for working in the Cylinders, and these are simply
light, broad rings, made solid at one end, by a plain plate or bottom, and grooved
outside, for small packing rings, and also constructed with adjustable sockets, for
what are known as "ball and socket joints," and, into the plate or arm portion of
the first-named (vertical) bevelled toothed wheel, I construct similar (and the same
number of) sockets, and I couple these to the pistons,-each to its own, by means
of plain turned rods, having perfectly spherical balls at either ends, to fit into the
before-named sockets; and thus, as the whole revolves, the controlling effect of the
bevelled wheels as to time, the permanent angle between the Cylinders and the

page_text: main shaft, and the equal length of the connecting rods cause the pistons to revolve
in a vertical plane,-parallel with the first-named bevelled wheel, (or thereabout,)
-and consequently,-in effect,-to traverse the Cylinders,-without reciprocating,
-as perfectly and effectively, as those of an ordinary reciprocating Engine or
pump; and it is only necessary to explain, that the "Cylinder ports" are plain
oblong radial openings in the strong circular revolving plate upon which they (the
Cylinders) are fixed, and that their action;-opening and closing,-is therefore
effected naturally, without machinery, by suitable openings in the first-named,
fixed, disc face, over which their revolving causes them to pass;-the "timing"
for admission, "cut off," and exhaust, being arranged at the time of construction;
and, in Engines which are required to be reversible, I construct this portion in
such a manner that the ports and spaces can be reversed or passed circumferentially,
-from one side to the other.
In some cases I render the Cylinders "double acting" by enclosing their upper
" ball and
ends and employing ordinary pistons and rods, but still retaining the
socket" or other universal joints, for the connecting rod ends and fittings.
The Fly wheel, Band wheel, or a Dynamo-Electric generator, may be fixed upon
the main shaft, between the two pedestals.
In constructing the herein-before described Invention as a Motor, for steam or
air pressure, I consider it undesirable to lessen its simplicity by the introduction
of a variable or governable "cut off" arrangement; and I employ in lieu thereof,
an attachment to the governor which shall enable it to "set" the governing valve
to the proper admission area, after any change of load, without a corresponding
permanent change," for the time being,"-in the Engine speed being required, to
enable the governor to give or maintain this altered area. This I accomplish by
enabling the governor itself to alter its own speed, or in lieu, its angle or position,
at or for any previously determined or standard speed of the Engine. I employ
for the above purpose, an intermittent wedge or screw action, which shall have the
power, through the governor, to alter the position of the driving belt, upon a
"cone," used in lieu of a plain wheel or pulley; or, by acting upon a spring or a
sliding weight, shall produce a corresponding effect upon the governor; though in
some cases, for the most exact or equal governing, I prefer to employ both the
above upon the same governor and Engine.
<
In the accompanying illustrations Figure 1. is a sectional elevation of the
Engine, through two of the Cylinders; Figure 2 is a plan of the fixed circular dise
face and the steam and exhaust ports for a 'one way" Engine; Figure 3 is a
section through the Cylinders, showing also the "bottom plate" and Cylinder
ports in the same; and Figure 4 is an elevation of the self adjusting governor
arrangement; and, in the foregoing, a. is the "sole-plate" or bed of the Engine;
b. the standards; c. the main shaft; d. the vertical toothed bevelled wheel; e. the
second or "Cylinder" bevelled wheel; f. the fixed taper steel pin; g. the steam
and exhaust chests, and fixed circular disc face; h. the circular revolving plate
upon which the cylinders are fixed; i. the Cylinders; j the pistons; k. the
"sockets" for universal joints; l. the connecting rods; m. the ports in the cylinder
bottom plate; n. tlie wedge action for governors; o. the governor driving belt;
p. the cone pulley; q the sliding weight.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise
details or arrangements which I have described or referred to, as many modifications
and variations may be made therefrom, without deviating from the principles or
main features of the said Invention, but what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent, is :-
First, The general arrangement and construction of Engine, Pump, or compressor,
described and shown, embracing the use of multiple parallel Cylinders arranged in
a circle to-revolve around a fixed pin or centre, their longitudinal centre lines being

page_text: "
parallel with each other and with the centre line of the said fixed pin or centre
upon which they revolve, and the whole of these centre lines being at an angle of
about thirty to forty degrees from the centre line of the main revolving shaft of
the Engine; also, the coupling of the pistons for the said Cylinders, by rods with
ball and socket" or other equivalent universal joints, to a vertical revolving disc
or wheel fixed upon the overhanging end of the main shaft; and the "timing" of
these to equal speeds, by bevelled toothed gear or wheels; and Secondly,-The.
Automatic adjusting wedge, weight, or spring attachment to ordinary governors,
virtually as or after the manner herein before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I the said William Dawes, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twelfth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand,
eight hundred and eighty three.
Witness.
FREDERIC BAPTY,
Park Street,
Leeds.
WILLIAM DAWES. (L.S.)