Year: 1888

page_text: I, WILLIAM HENRY DORMAN of The Hawthorns Newport Road, Stafford in the
county of Stafford, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention consists in an improved method of causing the hammers of forging
Machines to approach each other during the process of forging, so as to produce
forgings of various shapes, and of straightening the iron used in forging Machines.
I mount the hammer levers on eccentric axes carried in bearings in the hammer
frame. On the ends of the axes are fitted gear wheels or levers with connections, or
other suitable devices whereby the axes can be made to revolve as required, and
cause the hammer levers to approach each other.
In cases when it is only required to use the eccentric axes for the purpose of
adjusting the distance apart of the hammer faces for regulating the size of the
forging, or otherwise, the eccentric axes may be made to revolve by hand as occasion
requires But, if it be desired to forge taper articles, or those of irregular form, it is
necessary to give the eccentric pivots an automatic movement.
In the case of a forging Machine with a travelling hammer frame, I attach a
connection from the lever or gear-wheel on the end of the eccentric axes, to a fixed
point on the Machine frame, then, as the hammer frame alternately advances & retires,
the eccentric pivots are made to turn & return in their bearings, & the hammer faces
made to approach & retire-If, however the movement so imparted is too great, or if
an irregular movement is desired to produce a forging of the required form,—instead
of attaching the connection to a fixed point, I attach it to a pivot in the end of a
lever acted upon by a cam, receiving motion from a revolving part of the machine;
or by other suitable mechanical means I cause the pivot to move automatically, and
so modify the amount of movement imparted to the eccentric axes.
My invention is not confined to the use of eccentric hammer lever pivots in forging
Machines with travelling hammer frames, but may be used in Machines with
stationary hammer frames, and machines with two hammers as well as four.

page_text: In forging articles from long bars, it is often desirable to use, iron in lengths so
long, that,. for convenience it must be coiled on a reel-in such a case I use a
straightener attached to the machine, consisting of a pair of parallel jaws furnished
with points or teeth, to press on the bar used, and straighten any bends or "Kinks"
there may be in it when uncoiled from the reel.
These parallel jaws are made to open and close by a connection from the main
shaft of the machine, so that their action may be properly timed, so as not to
interfere with the other functions of the apparatus.

page_text: Improvements in Forging Machines.
I WILLIAM HENRY DORMAN of the Hawthorns, Newport Road, Stafford, in the
county of Stafford Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention consists in an improved method of causing the hammers of forging
Machines to approach each other during the process of forging so as to produce
forgings of various shapes, and of straightening the iron used in forging Machines,
and is applicable especially to forging Machines of the kind described in specification
to letters patent granted to me and numbered 13062, 1886 and 14192, 1887 in
which I have described forging Machines, working with four Hammers in which
the forging is made by the iron being gradually passed in between rapidly moving
hammers, the faces of which are fashioned so as to impart the desired form to the
forging. In Machines of this kind it is evident that taper or fashioned forgings
can only be produced of a length not greater than the width of the hammer faces,
and that if any greater length be forged the part passed over by the hammers will
be parallel. If however the hammers be made to approach or recede from each
other as the case may be, during the process the result will be a forging taper over
the whole distance over which the approaching or receding of the hammers has
taken place, as well as receiving the form imparted by the hammer faces. In order
to accomplish this result I mount the hammer levers on eccentric axes carried in
bearings in the hammer frame, the ends of the axes are made with squares to
receive a screw key or are fitted with gearing, or worm and screw gear or levers
with connections or other suitable devices whereby the axes can be made to revolve
as required and cause the hammer levers to approach or recede from each other.
In cases where it is only required to use the eccentric axes for the purpose of
adjusting the distance apart of the hammer faces for regulating the size of the
forging or otherwise the eccentric axes may be made to revolve by hand as occasion
requires. But if it be desired to forge taper articles or those of irregular form, it
is necessary to give the axes an automatic movement and 1 attach a connection from
the lever or gear wheel on the end of the eccentric axes to a fixed point on the
Machine frame then, as the hammer frame alternately advances and retires the
eccentric axes are made to turn and return in their bearings and the hammer faces
made to approach and retire. If however the movement so imparted is too great or
if an irregular movement is desired to produce a forging of the required form instead
of attaching the eccentric axis connection to a fixed point. I attach it to a pivot in
the end of a lever, acted upon by a cam receiving motion from a revolving part of the
machine, or by other suitable mechanical means I cause the axis to revolve automatically.
and by that means 1 modify the amount of movement imparted to the eccentric axes
by the to and fro motion of the hammer frame so as to adapt it to produce the form
of forging desired. In forging articles from long bars it is often desirable to use

page_text: case I use a straightener attached to the Machine consisting of a pair of parallel jaws
furnished with points or teeth to press on the bar used and straighten any bends or
"kinks" there may be in it when uncoiled from the reel. These parallel jaws are
made to open and close by a connection from the main shaft, so that their action may
be properly timed so as not to interfere with the other functions of the Machine.
The accompanying drawings illustrate my invention as applied to a forging machine
such as is described in letters patent No. 14192, 1887.
Fig. 1. is a side elevation.
Fig. 2. is a back elevation.
Figs. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. & 8. are detail views of parts.
In all the figures the same letters indicate the same parts.
The machine consists among other parts of a main frame A on which moves to and
fro a hammer frame B. which carries in suitable slides the hammers a. a. a. a.
The hammers are acted on by the hammer levers b. b. b. b. which are mounted on
the eccentric axes c. c. c. c.
Motion is imparted to the hammer levers from the eccentric shaft, C.
When it is desired to cause the hammers a. a. a. a. to approach each other and so
reduce the size of the forging the eccentric axes c. c. c. c. are turned round so as to
bring their full sides c¹ c¹ c¹ c¹ towards each other this has the effect of bringing the
centres of oscillations of the hammer levers nearer together.
Each eccentric axis c. may have a square end, d. to be turned with a screw key
and a collar, e. so that it may be clamped in the desired position by the screw through
the slot, g. into the hammer frame, B. Or it may have a worm gear D. made fast
on it worked with an endless screw, h. on a spindle ¹ which is carried in a suitable
bracket fast to the hammer frame B. This spindle is turned by means of a key
applied to its suitably shaped end. In the bracket, k. is a set screw k¹ to clamp the
spindle and hold the axis c in the desired position.
In order to produce taper or irregular forgings it is needful to cause the hammer
faces a. a. to approach or recede from each other at a regulated speed either uniform
or varying as the case may be while the hammer frame, B. is moving to and fro―This
may be accomplished by connecting the rack m which engages with the gear 7 on
the eccentric axis c by means of the rod m³ to one arm of a lever n which is mounted
on a pivot n' carried on the main frame A of the machine. The other arm of the
lever n is connected to the hammer frame B by the rod o.
As the hammer frame moves to and fro it causes the lever n to oscillate and through
the rack m to impart movement to the eccentric axis c. The lever n is so fitted
with a slot or otherwise that the rod m' may be connected to it at any point and thus
the amount of motion imparted to the eccentric axis c be regulated.
The other arm of the lever is fitted in a similar manner by which means a still
greater range of variation may be obtained.
Each of the racks m has its own lever n and each rack m can be independently
adjusted on its own lever n so that different tapers may be given to different
sides of the forging and if any rack m be disconnected and its axis be clamped the
corresponding side of the forgoing will be straight.
The eccentric axis c is made adjustable in reference to the gear 1 by means of the
collar and screw f Fig. 7 & 8 so that it may be turned to adjust the hammer for
wear or any other cause independently of the tapering movement.
It will happen occasionally that forgings are required with varying or irregular
taper. To obtain this a shaft E is carried on the main frame A and is geared with
equal gearing F. F. to the main shaft G of the machine which gives the to and fro
motion to the hammer frame B.
Upon the shaft E are cams H one to each hammer lever which act on the bell
crank levers 99 99. The levers P P P p to which the racks m² engaging with the
gears are connected are carried on independent pivots p' and are connected by rods r
to the bell crank cam levers q. The movement of the eccentric axes c will then be
governed by the form of their respective canis H and by coupling the rods r to

page_text: the levers p&q at varying points various degrees of movement will be imparted
by them.
At the end of the main frame A is fixed a bracket I on which is an anvil J with
projections ttt upon it. A hammer K corresponding in form to the anvil J but
with projections tttt' coming between those on the anvil, works up and down in
slides u.
The hammer K is worked by a bell crank lever L the end of which is
coupled to a pin V in the cam M by the rod W and as the cam M revolves the
hammer K is made to rise & fall.
The degree to which the hammer K approaches the anvil J is such that the
points t t will just straighten a rod of iron x of suitable size which is made to pass
between them.
The iron before it enters the feed rolls y passes through between the hammer K
and anvil J. The movement of the hammer K is so timed that it comes down on the
iron in the interval while the hammer frame is returning having made the forward
movement. The rod W is furnished with a right and left screw coupling W¹ by
which the distance between the hammer and anvil can be regulated.
My invention is not confined to the use of excentric hammer lever pivots in
forging machines with travelling hammer frames, but may be used in machines with
stationary hammer frames, and machines with two hammers as well as four.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is-
1st. The use of excentric pivots for the hammer levers of forging machines for
the purpose described.
2nd. The use in forging machines of excentric hammer lever pivots, provided
with automatic mechanism for causing the hammer lever pivots to revolve, for the
purpose of producing taper or irregular forgings as described.
3rd. The use in forging machines of the straightening mechanism, as for the
purpose described.
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