IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH REGISTERING TURN- STILES, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER REGISTERING PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bezer, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH REGISTERING TURN-
STILES, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER REGISTERING
PURPOSES."
aled the 6th March 1877, and dated the 8th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bezer at the Office of
SE
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1876.
HENRY BEZER, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH REGISTERING TURNSTILES, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER REGISTERING PURPOSES "
My improvements have reference to registering turnstiles, and are designed with
the view of preventing fraud on the part of the attendants or others, and of
ensuring efficient registration of all persons who pass through them.
The object of the first part of the Invention is to construct turnstiles so that it
will not be possible for two persons to pass through them during motion. For this
purpose I make the turnstiles what I call "expanding," that is to say, that normally
they will only admit thin persons, but are capable of a sort of expanding movement,
as herein-after described, to admit stouter persons, while they cannot be expanded
to admit two thin persons
In carrying out this part of iny Invention for double turnstiles which I prefer, I
construct one turnstile with fixed arms as usual while the other turnstile has
movable arms, as hereafter described, having curves or enlargements at their outer
ends, and the normal position of the arms of the two turnstiles is such that the
movable ones are in advance of the others, so that the space between the movable
"following up" aim and the facing fixed arm is reduced to the width of a thin
person, and I make the turnstiles so that upon a stout person endeavouring to enter
the said space, the pressure of his body upon the curve or enlargement of the
movable arm shall give the arm a backwaid movement sufficient to admit him.
This backward movement is allowed and at the same time limited by a curved slot
and pin, the slot being in the central plate of the arms and the pin on a boss of the
cential shaft, or vice versa, and when the pressure upon the said curve or enlarge-
ment ceases, which it does as soon as the person has passed it, a sping returns the

page_text: arm to its normal position To prevent the said backward movement being
purposely produced to admit two thin persons, a second set of arms and corre-
sponding slot, pin, and spring, may be fitted on the same shaft a suitable distance
below the first, so that the first person entering cannot move back both sets without
putting himself into such a position as to effectually prevent another person entering
at the same time.
Another part of my Invention is intended to prevent the counting apparatus of
the turnstile being improperly removed or tampered with, but at the same time to
allow of the numbers registered being read For this purpose I fit within the outer
box in which the counting apparatus box is contained a longitudinal square bar, the
position of which is between the counting apparatus box and the lid or cover of the
outer box, and so long as this bar remains in place the counting apparatus box
cannot be removed. One end of this bar passes through one end of the outer box
and takes into a hole in the other end A disc or plate which has its seat upon the
bar at its outer end is secured to the bar by a countersunk screw. This plate is
provided with a flange to form dovetailed edges or side supports to a wax or other
seal which is placed upon the plate and covers the screw head. So long as the
atus
sciew remains in place the bar is fixed by the plate and the counting appara
cannot be removed, while the screw cannot be got at without breaking the seal,
therefore any improper attempt to remove the counting apparatus is frustrated,
but it can always be read by taking off the lid of the outer box in the usual way.
The object of another part of my Invention is to construct or arrange turnstiles
and apparatus connected therewith for the use and registration of season or free
ticket holders, so that other persons are prevented passing through such turnstiles
even with the connivance of the attendant. To effect this object I connect to the
turnstile a recording apparatus, as herein-after described, and I make a number of
special keys corresponding with such recording apparatus. Each holder of a season
or free ticket is furnished with one of these special keys, upon the stems of which
are cut the "males" of an alphabet or numbers, by preference similar to an ordinary
telegraph alphabet, such males being solected as will represent in the simplest form
the 10 numerals, and by progressively varying the males as required, I can have
any number of distinct keys bearing males which represent respectively the
numbers 1, 2, 3, and so on up to thousands or even millions if' necessary. The
recording apparatus to which these keys correspond adjoins or is within a lock on
the turnstile, and is composed first of a grooved roller, the grooves of which are the
"females" of the male alphabet or numbers, and secondly of a strip of paper which
is guided between rollers and bears upon or against the grooved roller. The stein
of each key is made flat at the side opposite to the males to enable the key in
entering the lock to fieely pass the strip of paper, and the key is formed with any
ordinary "bit" to correspond with the lock or to prevent the key being withdrawn
until it has made an entic revolution. The lock is furnished with a ratchet wheel
and pawl to prevent the key being turned in the wrong direction. The lock is
connected with a bolt which locks either the turnstile or the treadle of the
turnstile.
It is intended that the key should be turned completely round to release the bolt,
and again withdrawn before the person attempts to enter, a drop catch keeping the
bolt released until the turnstile completes its motion when the bolt will drop into
its locked position again; but should a person attempt to enter without tuining the
key quite round, the motion of the turnstile or the movement of the treadle to
unlock the turnstile completes the work which the entire revolution of the key
would have completed It will thus be readily understood that instead of an
attendant being allowed to unlock the turnstile as usual and letting others than
ticket holders pass through if he chooses, the turnstile must be unlocked for every
ticket holder by means of his own special key, and as he turns his key to unlock
the turnstile the males on the key emboss their record upon the paper which is
between them and the corresponding grooved roller, and also in so doing by the
revolution of the key feed the paper into position for the next record,

page_text: Having thus unlocked the turnstile and passed through, the ticket holder is
unable to admit another person with his key without again turning it, and such a
proceeding on his part would cause a second and similar record upon the paper,
which being distinct from the record produced by the males of any other key would
lead to detection when the paper is afterward examined.
In order to prevent mistakes by persons turning the same key in the lock several
times without a person passing through the turnstile each time, I cause the turnstile
at every motion which it makes to produce a mark or sign in any ordinary manner
upon the strip of paper adjoining the record made by the key; the paper will thus
at once shew both every turn of the key and every motion of the turnstile.
Although the mode of registration by means of special keys and recording
apparatus, as herein-before described, is specially intended for turnstiles, it may also
be applied to other uses, for example, to safes, so as to shew when whose key opened
a safe at any particular time, the strip of paper in this case being made to travel
continuously by clockwork, which marks the time on the paper in the manner well
understood.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Bezer in tho Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th Marchi
1877.
HENRY BEZER, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH REGISTERING TURNSTILES, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER REGISTERING PURPOSES."
My improvements have reference to registering turnstiles, and are designed with
the view of preventing fraud on the part of the attendants or others, and of ensuring
sufficient registration of all persons who pass through them.
The object of the first part of the Invention is to construct turnstiles so that it
will not be possible for two persons to pass through them during one motion. For
this purpose I make the turnstiles what I call "expanding," that is to say, that
normally they will only admit thin persons, but are capable of a sort of expanding
movement as herein-after described to admit stouter persons, while they cannot
be expanded to admit two thin persons.
In can ying out this part of my Invention for double turnstiles which I prefer,
I construct one turnstile with fixed arms as usual, while the other turnstile has
movable arms as hereafter described having curves or enlargements at their outer
ends, and the normal position of the arms of the two turnstiles is such that the
movable ones are in advance of the others, so that the space between the movable
'following up" arm and the facing fixed arm is reduced, and I make the turnstiles
so that upon a stout person endeavouring to enter the said space, the pressure of
his body upon the curve or enlargement of the movable arın shall give the arm a
backward movement sufficient to admit him, or as I find better in practice the
entrance of a stout person has the effect when he pushes the arms of the turnstile of
bringing the movable following up arm against his body, and thereby preventing
its moving forward with its turnstile until the distance between it and the corre-
sponding arm of the other turnstile has been sufficiently increased. This backward
or retarding mavement of the movable aims is allowed, and at the same time
limited by a slot and pin, the slot being in the central plate of the arms, and the
pin on a boss of the central shaft, or vice versa, and when the pressure upon the
said curve or enlargement ceases, which it does as soon as the person has passed it,
a spring returns the arm to its normal position. To prevent the said backward or
retarding movement being purposely produced to admit two thin persons, a second
set of arins and corresponding elot, pin, and spring may be fitted on the same shaft
a suitable distance below the first, so that the first person entering cannot move

page_text: back both sets without putting himself into such a position as to effectually prevent
another person entering at the same time.
This part of my Invention will be fully understood by Figures 1 to 7 of the
annexed Drawings; Figure 1 is a plan, and Figure 2, an elevation of two double
turnstiles A and B; and Figures 3 and 4, a plan and elevation of a double
turnstile C; Figure 5 is a plan of the under side, and Figure 6, a vertical section
of the movable arms of the turnstile A, Figure 7 is a plan of the gearing con-
necting the two shafts or spindles of any of the double turnstiles.
In each of the double turnstiles a and bare the two vertical shafts; the shaft b
carries 4 fixed arms c as usual, while the shaft a carics near its upper end 4
arms d movable thereon as herein-after explained, and near its middle 4 other
arms e also similarly movable Each of the arms & and e is curved as shewn at
the side or face, against which a person presses in passing through the turnstile
On reference to the turnstile A, Figures 1 and 2, in winch the parts are shown in
their normal position, it will be seen that the arms d and c on the shaft a are in
advance of the arms c on the shaft b, the arms e being further in advance than the
arms d; as I have found in practice that this is desirable, the aims d and e are
capable of revolving or moving back on their shaft a, but only to an extent which
would bring them in a line with the corresponding arms c; this backward movement
is permitted by a slot f, Figure 5, in a boss g on the shaft a, in which slot a pin h
on the central plate or body i of the arins e (or of the aims d) works; j is a spring
to return the arms e (or d) to their normal, that is to say, advanced position; h, k,
are the tables of the turnstiles which are so shaped (as shewn) as to cover the
arms d, e, at the entering side, and so prevent a person pulling back the arms.
The arms being all made of equal length, viz, 14 inches, two persons could get
within that radius if the arms of the two turnstiles faced each other as in ordinary
turnstiles, but by having the arms d, e, in advance of the arms c as in my arange-
ment, the space is not sufficient to admit two thin persons, and immediately a thin
person begins to set the arms in motion, the following up arm closes behind him so
quickly that another person cannot get within the same section of the turnstile.
On the other hand, when a stout person enters and sets the arms in motion, the
following up arms d and 'e by coming against his body are retarded, the slot f
allowing of this, so that he has sufficient room or space to pass through, in fact the
same space as is allowed in an ordinary turnstile, and immediately he has passed
through the springs return the arms d and e to their normal position. The
turnstile B, Figure 1, is shewn half way open with the relative position of all the
arms when a thin person is passing through, the expanding motion of the arms d, e,
not being then brought into play The turnstile C, Figure 3, on the other hand is
seen half way open with the armis d, e, fully expanded as they would be when a
sufficiently stout person is passing through. The two shafts a, b, of each double
turnstile are connected together by any suitable mechanism, which will cause them
to move simultaneously; the mechanism I prefer is that described in the Specifi-
cation of my Letters Patent of 27 January 1876, No. 333, which is seen in
Figure 7, and in dotted lines in Figure 4
In applying this part of my Invention to a single turnstile such as those which
have long been in use I fit a set of my movable arms like those marked d above the
ordinary fixed arms of the turnstile and a little in advance thereof, and another set
like those markede below the ordinary fixed arms and in advance thereof, the action
being practically the same as already described
Another part of my Invention which is represented in plan with the lid removed
in Figure 9, and in side view partly in section in Figure 8, is intended to prevent
the counting apparatus of the turnstile being improperly removed or tampered with,
but at the same time to allow of the numbers registered being read. For this pur-
pose I fit within the outer box a in which the counting apparatus box b is contained
a longitudinal square bar c, the position of which is between the counting apparatus
box band the lid or cover of the outer box a, and so long as this bar remains in
place the counting apparatus box cannot be removed. One end of thus bar c is

page_text: passed through one end of the outer box and takes into a hole in the other end as
shewn. A disc or plate d which has its seat upon the bar at its outer end is secured
to the bar by a countersunk screw e. This plate is provided with a flange f to form
dovetailed edges or side supports to a wax or other seal g which is placed upon the
plate d and covers the screw head e So long as the screw e remains in place the
bar c is fixed by the plate d and the counting apparatus in the box b cannot be
removed, while the screw e cannot be got at without breaking the seal g
fore any improper attempt to remove the counting apparatus is frustrated, but it
can always be read by taking off the lid of the outer box a in the usual way, h is
the shaft of the turnstile on which the first wheel of the counting apparatus is
mounted as usual.
There-
The object of another part of my Invention is to construct or arrange turnstiles
and apparatus connected therewith for the use and registration of season or free
ticket holders, so that other persons are prevented passing through such turnstiles
oven with the connivance of the attendant To effect this object I connect to the
turnstile a recording apparatus as herein-after described, and I make a number of
special keys corresponding with such recording apparatus. Each holder of a season
or free ticket is furnished with one of these special keys, upon the stems of which
are cut the "males" of an alphabet or numbers, by preference similar to an ordinary
telegraph alphabet, such males being selected as will represent in the simplest
form the 10 numerals, and by progressively varying the males as required I
can have any number of distinct keys bearing males which represent re-
spectively the numbers 1, 2, 3, and so on up to thousands or tens of thousands
if necessary.
Figure 10 represents several views of a key suitable for carrying out this part of
my Invention, the "males" before mentioned being cut upon the stem as indicated
at a A simple form of alphabet for these males is a follows.-
חד
.
"
"
By having keys containing as many as three males I can thus have marks corre-
sponding with the numbers from 1 to 999, and with four males have marks up to
9999 and so on The recording apparatus to which these keys correspond adjoins
or is within a lock on the turnstile The arrangement of recording apparatus
which I prefer is represented in plan in Figure 11 and in side elevation in Figure
12. It is composed first of a grooved roller b, the grooves of which are the
"females" of the male alphabet or numbers, and secondly of a strip of paper c which
(unwinding from a drum d) is guided by rollers e, f, and bears upon or against the
grooved roller b. The stem of each key is made flat at the side opposite to the males
as seen in Figure 10 to enable the key in entering the lock to freely pass the strip
of paper, and the key is formed with any ordinary "bit" g to correspond with the
lock or to prevent the key being withdrawn until it has made an entire revolution
The lock is furnished with a ratchet wheel and paul i to prevent the key being
turned in the wrong direction; k is a pinion upon the arbor on which the key fits
this pinion gears with a toothed wheel 7 on the axis of the grooved roller b. On a
square on the said arbor is a collar having a slot or recess to receive the bit of the
key, so that the key in turning will impart rotation to the arbor. The lock is con-
nected with a bolt m which locks either the turnstile (as in the arrangement shewn)
or the treadle of the turnstile n is a spring the tendency of which is to keep the bolt

page_text: m in its normal position and o is a cam on the arbor of the key to act upon the tail
of the bolt when the key is turned. It is intended that the key should be turned
completely round to release the bolt and again withdrawn before the person attempts
to enter, a catch p keeping the bolt released until the turnstile completes its motion,
when the bolt will drop into its locked position again It will thus be readily
understood that instead of an attendant being allowed to unlock the turnstile as
usual and letting others than ticket holders pass through if he chooses, the
turnstile must be unlocked for every ticket holder by means of his own special
key, and as he turns his key to unlock the turnstile the males on the key
emboss their record upon the paper which is between them and the corresponding
grooved roller b, and also in so doing by the revolution of the key and by means of
the pinion and wheel / feed the paper into position for the next record.
Having thus unlocked the turnstile and passed through the ticket holder is unable
to admit another person with his key without again turning it, and such a pro-
ceeding on his pait would cause a second and similar record upon the paper, which
being distinct from the record produced by the males of any other key would lead
to detection when the paper is afterwards examined
8
I will now describe more fully the locking apparatus on the turnstile used in
connection with the recording apparatus. The bolt m is, as before mentioned,
kept in the normal position seen in the Figures by means of the spring n, while
the catch p is continually pulled upon by the rod q and spring, but is kept back
by bearing against a projection on the under side of the bolt m. The catch p is
centred loosely on the shafts of the turnstile. On this shaft s is fixed a plate t,
upou which are four lumps u¹, u³, u³, u, situated about midway between the centro
and periphery, and four other lumps v, v, v, v, at the periphery. On the 1od q is
an inclined plan w. In the normal position it will be seen that the turnstile is
locked by the lump u¹ being against the end of the bolt m When the tail of tho
bolt m is acted upon by the cam o, that is to say when the key is turned in the
lock, the end of the bolt is moved out from the lump u¹, and the catch p being
then no longer held back by the bolt is acted upon by the spring r, and drawn
until the inclined plane won the rod q comes against the next following lump u³,
and the head of the catch p then pievents the bolt m returning to its normal
position, so that the turnstile is unlocked. Then as the turnstile is being caused
to make the usual quarter revolution by the person entering the lump u² bears
against the inclined plane w, and thereby forces back the catch p, and as soon as
this catch has reached the position seen in the Figures the end of the bolt m being
no longer held out by the catch returns to the locked position in the face of the
lump Should a person endeavor to pass through the turnstile while the key is
turned only partly round, but with the end of the bolt m clear of the lump u¹, the
endeavor is prevented by one of the lumps v coming against the bolt m until the
revolution of the key is completed; when the bolt m is properly acted upon it
returns to its normal position before the lump v reaches it. The bolt m is thinned
on its under side, as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 11 to allow the lumps v to
pass.
In order to prevent mistakes by persons turning the same key in the lock
several times without a person passing through the turnstile each time, I have an
arrangement by which it is not possible to turn the key a second time without
first withdrawing it from the lock. I effect this as follows:-Adjoining the
escutcheon of the key hole I fit a spring y (see the detached views, Figure 13),
on the lower end of which is an inclined plane s. As the key is inserted and
pushed home the "bit" presses on this inclined plane, and the spring y being thus
caused to yield allows the bit to pass; but when the key has completed a revo-
lution, or very nearly so, the bit comes against the side of the inclined plane y, and
as the spring is prevented yielding too far laterally by means of a stop 2¹ (Figure
12) the further revolution of the key is prevented.
The inclined faces of the lumps u¹, u³, u³, u, are for the object of allowing

page_text: persous to pass through the turnstile in the opposite direction at any time
without unlocking In this reverse movement of the turnstile the end of the
bolt m rides up the inclines of the said lumps, and allows them to pass.
Although the mode of registration by means of special keys and recording
apparatus, as herein-before described, is specially intended for turnstiles, it may
also be applied to other uses, for example, to safes so as to shew whose key opened
a safe at any particular time; a strip of paper would in this case be made to travel
continuously by clockwork, which marks the time on the paper in a manner well
understood, and a projection on one of the wheels of the recording apparatus,
Figures 11 and 12, would when put in motion by the key mark the usual dot or
dash on the paper either electrically or mechanically, while a direct record by the
males of the key would be made on the strip of paper c of the recording apparatus.
An examination of the two strips would always shew by the consecutive order
of the marks what particular key opened the safe at any particular time The
same mode can also be adopted to shew what time workmen or others arrive or
by making them use keys on arriving and leaving.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I clann,
First. Constructing turnstiles so that they aro what I have herein-before called
"expanding," substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described under
the first part of this Invention.
Second. The combination of parts forming an improved registering turnstile,
arranged and acting substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described
with reference to Figures 1 to 6 of the accompanying Diawings
Third. The mode or means, substantially as herein-before described and repre-
sented in Figures 8 and 9 of the accompanying Drawings, of preventing the
counting apparatus of registering turnstiles or of other registering apparatus being
improperly removed or tampered with.
Fourth Constructing or forming keys for registering turnstiles or other regis-
tering apparatus, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described and
represented in Figure 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. Constructing recording apparatus for use in connection with registering
turnstiles or for other registering purposes, substantially as herein-before described
and represented in Figures 11 and 12 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. Constructing tuinstiles with locking apparatus, arranged and acting sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein-before described with reference to Figures
11 and 12 of the accompanying Drawings
Seventh. The general arrangement and combination of locking apparatus for
turnstiles and of recording and releasing apparatus connected therewith, substan-
tially as heroin-before described and represented in Figures 11 and 12 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Eighth The combined incans for registering and recording the passage of ticket
holders through turnstiles, substantially as herein-before described and represented
in Figures 10, 11, and 12 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bezer, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Eighth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and soventy-
RAVAN