IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF HEAT FOR PRODUCING EVAPORATION, GENERATING STEAM, AND FOR GENERAL HEATING PURPOSES, AND ALSO IN THE ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ILLU- MINATION
Year: 1853

page_text: Waterman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st March 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, CHARLES FLUDE, of the Canal Bank Distillery, Surrey Canal
Bridge, Old Kent Road, and JAMES WATERMAN, of Park Street,
Southwark, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF HEAT FOR PRODUCING EVAPORATION,
GENERATING STEAM, AND FOR GENERAL HEATING PURPOSES, AND ALSO IN THE
ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ILLU-
MINATION."
This Invention consists of three branches; the two first being a more
economical mode of heating the coppers, boilers, stills, pans, and other
vessels employed in large breweries, distilleries, chemical and other
works, by the use of a combustible mixture of carbonic oxide with.
hydrogen, cyanogen, and other heating gases.

page_text: The second branch being an improved mode of obtaining heat by
means of the combustion of coal gas mixed with a regulated supply of
heated atmospheric air.
And the third branch consists in the economical production of com-
bustible gas or gases for the purposes of illumination, by a mixture of
carbonic oxide with hydrogen gas, or the vapours of certain liquid hydro-
carbons.
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The first part of this invention is carried out thus:-The carbonic
acid vapours, which are generated in intense volumes during the pro-
cess of fermentation, as practised in our large breweries and distilleries,
and also by various chemical and other processes practised in large
works, and which up to the present time has been an useless and unap-
plied product, are collected by suitable means, and passed through a heated
convolution of iron or earthen pipes, which apparatus is termed the
"calorifier," connected with and opening into a close chamber, retort,
or oven, charged with charcoal, coke, or other carbonaceous matter, and
kept at a full red heat by means of a coke oven or other external fire.
The heated vapours thrown off by the fermentation or other processes
previously described, after passing through the "calorifier," being com-
pelled to traverse or pass through the mass of incandescent carbon; the
gaseous vapours of which, by uniting with the carbonic acid, transform
and convert it into carbonic oxide, the relative volumes uniting in
their atomic ratio, each equivalent of the former producing two equiva-
lents of the latter; and in this state, having become combustible, are
introduced into the furnace at the back of the fire bridge, when, by
the admission of atmospheric air by means of suitable pipes regulated by
a stop cock, it becomes consumed, giving rise to the reproduction of
carbonic-acid gas, which passes off by the chimney, and by the heat pro-
duced by its combustion tends greatly to economize the expense of fuel.
The second improvement consists in an apparatus also furnished with
a "calorifier," or heated convolution of pipes, two separate series being
now employed; coal gas being made to traverse the one, and atmospheric
air through the other, being forced through the heated pipes by hydraulic
pressure (as practised with coal gas at the works where it is produced)
or by any of the ordinary known means. The heated gas and air are
then made to mix in an iron chamber, furnished with perforated discs

page_text: or partitions to ensure an intimate mixture, each inlet being furnished
with a regulating stop cock; and the mixture so made (which may easily
be controlled so as not to become explosive) is then burned through a
series of small pipes or perforations, in the ordinary manner of applying
gas for heating purposes. The combination having already acquired a
high degree of temperature in its passage through the calorifier, will
then afford the means of a most perfect combustion, free from any smoke
whatever, and will be found much more economical than gas alone,
when applied as a heating medium.
The third branch of this Invention consists in causing the carbonic
oxide, obtained as before described, and previously passed through a
washing vessel or cask containing water, or through a close chamber
charged with quicklime or other matters capable of separating any
portion of carbonic acid which may have escaped decomposition or
conversion in the previous process, to pass into a heated pipe or cham-
ber, supplied with resin or a regulated stream of turpentine, naptha, or
other liquid hydrocarbon, from which chamber the combined vapours
may be led off to the burners in the usual way, when they will be found
to possess highly illuminating powers, capable of being applied to all the
purposes of artificial light.
The claims are, for the application of carbonic acid vapours derived
from the process of fermentation, and other source, for the purposes of
heating when converted into carbonic oxide, as herein shown and
described. And secondly, for the use and application of the apparatus
and process herein described for employing a heated mixture of coal
gas and atmospheric air in regulated quantities for heating purposes;
thereby effecting a greater economy than by the modes hitherto practised.
And thirdly, for the production of gas for the purposes of illumination,
by a mixture of carbonic oxide with hydrogen or hydrocarbons, accord-
ing to the method herein specified; being more economical than the
coal gas at present employed for producing artificial light.