Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 9th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 14th Sept., 1888
We, Dr. HANS WIESINGER of Elze, Chemist, and Dr. LUDWIG RISSMÜLLER of
Mehle, Chemist, both in the Province of Hanover in the Empire of Germany do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
All soaps known until now are made of a varied mixture of water and fat acid salts.
Every kind of soap, however firm and solid it may appear contains besides a quantity
of real soap a certain quantity of water, which cannot even approximately be judged
without an analysis, and this circumstance is frequently used to delude consumers. It
is a well known fact amongst soap manufacturers, that the art of producing a firm
and apparently a dry soap, is highly estimated; but containing the largest possible
quantity of water.
However, the consumers lose even more by the fact of valueless loading stuff
being used than by water, the former not only deceives consumers, by acts frequently
even injuriously.
All these evils will be avoided through the manufacture of this new 100 Percent
Soap, i.e. soap consisting entirely of fat-acid Alkali, without any admixture whatever
of water or other mixtures, loading stuff etc. and prepared according to the following
process:
The Soap, manufactured according to the known system, but still containing water,
is, after having grown cold, cut into flat cakes which exactly fit into the small boxes
of the well known soap planing machine, which latter cuts the cakes into shavings.
Directly after leaving the planing machine, these shavings are spread on hurdles in
thin layers because otherwise they would, in consequence of the water they contain,
stick together and the drying process would become more difficult.
The soap shavings, containing water, are spread on drying hurdles and these are
placed in a drying room heated with hot air.
To obtain a successful drying it is important, that at first the temperature during six
hours should not exceed about 40° C., because otherwise the soap might possibly melt

page_text: in its own water and flow away through the meshes of the hurdles. After the soap
has been preparatively dried during the stated time in a heat of about 40° C., the
heat of the drying room is increased to about 70-80° C., so as to free the soap
entirely of water.
The shavings prefectly dried according to the above described process and now
containing 100 per cent. of soap, after having cooled sufficiently are powdered by means
of suitable mills.
The powder, now perfectly free of water, is pressed into firm cakes by means of
screw presses or better hydraulic presses.
The moulds, in which the soap powder is exposed to the pressure of the stamp, must
be about 3 times as high as the cake of soap to be obtained, because the powder is
reduced to about of its original volume.
The product obtained through pressure is a perfectly homogeneous mass with a shell
like layer and a horn like polish.
When increasing the pressure by degrees a conglomeration is at first obtained from
the particles of soap which are free of water, and finally a hornlike mass is produced.
The pressure to be applied is usually about 200 to 300 atmospheres.
The production of the finished article is exclusively effected by means of high
pressure, without the necessity of using any binding material, such as water for
example.
It may be mentioned that the desired product may also be manufactured, by exposing
the dried soap shavings to pressure as they are ; but it is certainly better to turn them
into a fine powder in the manner described, before pressing them, because thereby the
desired effect is obtained with less pressure, than by using larger pieces.
Dated this 8th day of November 1887.
CARMAN & Co.,
Agents for Applicants.

page_text: We, Dr. HANS WIESINGER of Elze, Chemist and Dr. LUDWIG RISSMULLER of
Mehle, Chemist both in the Province of Hanover in the Empire of Germany do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
All soaps known until now are made of a varied mixture of water and fat-acid
salts.
Every kind of soap, however firm and solid it may appear contains besides a quantity
of real soap a certain quantity of water, which cannot even approximately be judged
without an analysis, and this circumstance is frequently used to delude consumers.
It is a well known fact amongst soap-manufacturers, that the art, of producing
firm and apparently dry soap, is highly estimated, but containing the largest possible
quantity of water.
The best proof of this is, that of fats of equal quality, the one which will absorb the
greatest quantity of water, fetches the highest price.
However, the consumers lose even more by the fact of valueless loading stuffs being
used, than by water, the former not only deceives consumers, but acts frequently even
injuriously and is added by the manufacturer only, at the expense of the goodness of
the article, in order to obtain a greater quantity of soap.
All these evils will be avoided through the manufacturer of this new 100% Soap,
i.e. soap consisting entirely of fat-acid Alkali, without any admixture whatever of
water or other mixtures, loading stuffs etc. and prepared according to the following
process.
Soaps of every kind containing water, made of fat of animal or vegetable origin or
a mixture of both these fats to which may be added resin, base natron or kali or a
mixture of both which is made into hundred per cent. soap free of water by undergoing
four manipulations as here described.
I. CUTTING OF THE SOAP CONTAINING WATER.
When the soap has become cold, the best way is to cut it into bars, which will fit
into the boxes of the planing machine, which consists of two boxes which are moved
to and fro by machinery on a horizontal block, about six feet long by ten inches wide,
underneath the two boxes planing knifes are fixed in the block. These boxes serve for
the reception of the soap to be planed. Four bars of soap fit in each box, so that each
box once passing to and fro furnishes four soap shavings. With this machine sixty
hundred weight of soap can be turned into fine shavings in ten working hours

page_text: during the stated time in a heat of about 40° C. the heat of the drying room is
increased to about 70-80° C. so as to free the soap entirely of water, no melting of
the soap need be apprehended after the preparatory drying.
III. GRINDING OF THE HUNDRED PER CENT. SOAP FREE OF WATER.
The shavings perfectly dried according to the above described process and now
containing 100% Soap, after having cooled sufficiently are powdered by means of
suitable mills.
IV. PRESSING OF THE HUNDRED PER CENT. SOAP FREE OF WATER.
The apparatus which are used for pressing the soap, are screw presses or better
hydraulic presses. The screw presses, by which a less pressure is obtained than by
the hydraulic presses, work only with two stamps as otherwise it might easily happen
that an irregular result is obtained, whereas the hydraulic presses can work with five
stamps at the same time, as they can give a uniform pressure which is necessary.
The moulds, in which the soap powder is exposed to the pressure of the stamp, must
be about 3 times as high as the cake of soap to be obtained, because the powder is
reduced to about of its original volume.
In case it is desired to colour or perfume the pieces of soap, colouring stuffs and
perfumes are added before pressing the soap.
The product obtained through pressure is a perfectly homogeneous mass with a
shell-like layer and a horn like polish, in which the single particles cannot be seen.
When increasing the pressure by degrees a conglomeration is at first obtained from
the particles of soap which are free of water and at last when a sufficient pressure has
been obtained a horn-like mass is produced.
The height of the pressure is regulated by the kind of the soap material employed
and as a rule is 200 to 300 atmospheres.
The production of the finished article is exclusively effected by means of high
pressure, without the necessity of using any binding material, such as water for
example. By warming the mass that is to be pressed, the process of pressing is
facillitated, but this is not necessary.
It may be mentioned that the product may also be manufactured by exposing the
dried soap shavings to pressure as they are, but it is certainly better to turn them
into a fine powder in the manner described, before pressing them, because thereby the
desired effect is obtained with less pressure, than by using larger pieces.
By the combination of the above described four main manipulations, a new, firm
and pure soap, free of water, is obtained.
A similar article has not yet been made, in any way approaching it. The article is
in consequence of the way in which it is produced, the only one which from a chemical
stand point can be called soap, it consist only of fat-acid salts, free of water.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :
1. A method of manufacturing soap of hundred per cent., free of water, by cutting
soap, containing water, into shavings drying and if desired grinding the same to
powder and then pressing the soap, which is now free of water and not kneadable into
firm cakes or pieces under high pressure.
2. The cakes or pieces of soap, free of water, manufactured by the above method as
described.
D
. ALL
L 1000