Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Aug., 1887
Complete Left, 17th Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 20th Jan., 1888
to Apparatus therefor.
I HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co. Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
In casting steel according to the methods heretofore commonly employed a mould
of a given size and capacity has been used into which one or more ladles of metal
have been poured, depending upon the capacity of the matrix and the filled mould
permitted to stand until the metal has "set" when the mould is removed from the
chilled metal.
The product of a single filling of the mould is known as an "ingot" and varies
in cross section according to the diameter of the matrix and in length, within
certain defined limits, viz., from three to five feet, according to whether the
ingot is composed of steel treated by the Bessemer, crucible, or open hearth
processes.
"
"
It is obvious therefore that what has been commercially known as an ingot
is a mass of metal conforming to and limited by the size and shape of the matrix
in the mould in which the cast is made.
In casting steel by my improved processes, the metal is so treated that the
product of the cast is not limited by the capacity, i.e. the length of the matrix
in the mould exceeding the same many times according to the quantity of steel
poured.
To conform to the recognized phraseology and avoid confusion of the terms the
completed product of a casting, by my improved process, is designated as an ingot
without regard to its length, whether it is the result of a series of pourings forming
an elongated homogeneous mass of metal containing all of the metal cast, or whether
го

page_text: the said product is obtained by dividing said elongated mass into sections of the
same or different lengths as is more particularly described hereinafter.
The elongated, continuous mass of cast metal during the formation thereof and
before it is completed or divided is designated as the ingot bar.
The invention is therefore designed to form an ingot-bar of steel of indefinite and
unlimited length varying in cross-section according to the cross-section of the matrix
in the mold the length of the ingot-bar being restricted only by the supply of molten
metal and not by the length of the mold.
From said continuous ingot-bar may be cut sections of any desired length
according to the purpose to which the metal is to be applied or the ingot-bar may
be extended in a continuous unbroken ingot.
One of the most important advantages attained by my improved operation is that
ingots are produced which are entirely free from what is known as piping.
When ingots are cast singly in the ordinary mould and the metal allowed to chill
in the mold the molten metal, which when poured is of sufficient quantity to completely
fill the mold by the contraction which necessarily follows the cooling of the metal
occupies much less space.
This contraction is not uniform in all directions and in all parts of the cooling
ingot but takes place first in the ingot at a point of contact of the metal with the
enclosing mold and results in the formation primarily of a surrounding film of chilled
metal enclosing the still molten interior of the ingot.
This enclosing film is formed immediately upon the contact of the molten metal with
the mold and extends from the bottom of the mold up to the top thereof, consequently
there is no opportunity afforded for any further contraction of the enclosing sides of
the ingot that is appreciable and what contraction occurs must take place in the
interior of the ingot.
The result of this contraction and of the gravitation and settling of the cooling
metal is the formation of a funnel shaped opening in the top of the ingot constituting
the "
pipe" which oftentimes extends into the ingot one third of its length and
renders such proportion of the ingot useless. The obviation of this forination has
been desired by all steel-makers and is essential to produce a perfect ingot.
In making a continuous ingot-bar by my improved process no opportunity is
afforded for the formation of the "pipe" as the supply of the metal is either
maintained and the space made by the contraction of the cooling metal is constantly
being filled by the inflowing metal resulting in a solid homogeneous ingot-bar, which
may be subdivided as desired, or if the pipe is allowed to form by so pouring the
metal that the pipe or space formed by the shrinkage of the metal is filled with fresh
metal before the oxydization of the interior of the pipe occurs.
In casting by my process the molten metal is poured into the mold in such
quantities and at such times as to unite most perfectly in the mold and after being
retained in the mold a sufficient length of time until the metal has become chilled or
solid enough to permit to be drawn down through the mold, which is provided with
an open bottoni, the solidified portion of the ingot-bar is drawn down within the
mold and the space thus made by the lowering of the bar is filled with molten metal
which unites with the quantity of metal first poured and is allowed to stand
stationary until sufficiently set, when the entire united mass of metal is drawn down
within the mold to make room for another quantity of metal which is poured into the
mold upon that last poured, and when the metal last poured has united with the bar
in the mold and is sufficiently chilled the entire mass is a third time lowered and
so on for any number of times, the metal is poured into the mold, permitted to
stand and then lowered into the mold and new molten metal added to that in
the mold.
By thus lowering the metal or ingot-bar, in the mold and drawing the same from
the bottom of the mold intermittingly the formation of the ingot may be continued
indefinitely so far as its production is concerned.
The time during which the metal is permitted to stand within the mold depends
upon the temperature of the mold, the size of the matrix in the cross-section, the

page_text: condition of the metal etc., and should only be of such duration as will allow the
formation of a solid wall around the outside of the ingot-bar, of such strength as to
permit the drawing down of the same without breaking.
The time occupied in drawing down the ingot-bar is determined by the condition
of the metal at the top, which should not be permitted to chill over to prevent the
inflowing metal from forming a union therewith so as to form a solid homogeneous
bar, and the number of stops of the intermittent lowering of the bar in the mold,
depends upon the rate of speed of the downward movement of the ingot-bar which is
regulated according to the rapidity of the pouring into the mold and by the strength
of the walls of the ingot-bar and the solid condition of the same.
Instead of pouring directly into the mold, a reservoir provided with suitable means
for heating the same may be arranged upon the top of and communicating with the
matrix in the mold, and in said reservoir a constant supply of fluid metal may be
held which flows into the mold simultaneously with the lowering of the ingot-bar.
When the metal is poured into the mold instead of being held in and allowed to
flow from the reservoir it may be poured during the downward movement of the
ingot-bar or during the periods of rest of the same, as is desirable according the
conditions of the casting, and when thus poured at intervals the outer edges of
the top of the ingot-bar are permitted to chill over so that when the next quantity or
charge of metal is poured upon the top of the ingot-bar and filling the cavity formed
by the pipe a line of separation is made extending entirely around the outside of the
bar and partly into the same.
At these several points of separation or peripheral cuts in the ingot-bar the said
bar may be readily broken by suitable appliances as the ingot-bar at these points is
integrally united only at the center thereof.
In the initial steps the process a stopper or plunger is arranged in the mold at any
desired point and the metal poured into the mold upon said stopper to which the
metal becomes attached and when sufficiently set, the stopper and the superincumbent
ingot-bar are drawn down together through the mold to permit the addition of metal
on top of said stopper or metal poured.
As soon as the stopper has been drawn through the bottom of the mold, so that the
ingot-bar may be seized by the drawing mechanism, the stopper is cut off or
separated from the ingot-bar, as it is no longer of any use in continuing the process
of casting.
A suitable machine for carrying out these processes consists of a mold having an
open bottom through which the ingot is drawn down by suitable drawing mechanism
placed beneath the bottom of the mold and mechanism suitably placed in relation to
the drawing down mechanism to break off or separate from the ingot-bar a portion or
portions of any desired length.
Upon the top of the mold is placed a heated reservoir which opens into the top of
the mold and which is used when it is desired to feed continuously from a constant
supply of metal. As already described, however, the metal may be poured at
intervals or continuously into the mold itself direct from the ladles or other pouring
devices.
The mold is also provided with a suitable water jacket or chamber formed by
coring the walls of said mold spirally or fluting the sides of the same and surrounding
said mold with a casing or as may be otherwise considered desirable.
For drawing down the ingot rolls may be used between which the ingot-bar passes
or reciprocating clamps may be used, which move toward and from the bottom of the
mold and when moving from the mold carries down the ingot-bar but when moving
toward said mold releases said bar. For operating said mold and reciprocating
clamps suitable gearing may be used, a hydraulic ram or other power.
The mechanism for breaking off portions of the ingot-bar may be reciprocating
cutters moving oppositely or a single cutter and an abutment, suitable shearing
devices or suitable twisting dies through which the ingot-bar passes and which when
operated apply a torsional force to the bar and twist off the separate portions. Said
severing mechanism may be operated by hydraulic power or other suitable means.

page_text: The mechanism last described for severing portions of the ingot-bar from the main
portion thereof are capable of operating for the purpose intended whether the ingot-
bar is formed in one homogeneous extended bar as is produced when the metal is
poured or fed continuously into the mold or when the ingot-bar is formed with seams
extending around the same at intervals as already described and caused by pouring
the metal into the mold at intervals.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements relating to the Casting of Metal Ingots or Bars and
to Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In casting steel according to the methods heretofore commonly employed a mould
of given size and capacity has been used into which one or more ladles of metal have
been poured, depending upon the capacity of the matrix and the filled mould
permitted to stand until the metal has "set" when the mould is removed from the
chilled mass of metal.
The product of a single filling of the mould is known as an "ingot" and varies in
cross-section according to the diameter of the matrix and in length, within certain
defined limits, viz., from three to five feet, according to whether the ingot is composed
of steel treated by the Bessemer, crucible, or open hearth processes.
It is obvious therefore that what has been commercially known as an "ingot" is a
mass of metal conforming to and limited by the size and shape of the matrix in the
mould in which the cast is made.
In casting steel by my improved processes, the metal is so treated that the product
of the cast is not limited by the capacity, i.e. the length of the matrix in the mould,
exceeding the same many times according to the quantity of steel poured.
To conform to the recognized phraseology and avoid confusion of the terms the
complete product of a casting, by my improved process, is designated as an ingot
without regard to its length, whether it is the result of a series of pourings forming
an elongated homogeneous mass of metal containing all of the metal cast, or whether
the said product is obtained by dividing said elongated mass into sections of the same
or different lengths as is more particularly described hereinafter.
The elongated, continuous mass of cast metal during the formation thereof and
before it is completed or divided is designated as the ingot bar.
The invention is therefore designed to form an ingot bar of steel of indefinite or
unlimited length varying in cross-section to the cross section of the matrix in the
mould the length of the ingot-har being restricted only by the supply of molten metal
and not by the length of the mould.
From said continuous ingot-bar may be cut sections of any desired length
according to the purposes to which the metal is to be applied or the ingot-bar may be
extended in a continuous unbroken ingot.
. One of the most important advantages attained by my improved operation is that
ingots are produced which are entirely free from what is known as piping.
When ingots are cast singly in the ordinary mould and the metal allowed to chill
in the mould the molten metal, which when poured is of sufficient quantity to

page_text: completely fill the mould, by the contraction which necessarily follows the cooling of
the metal occupies much less space.
This contraction is not uniform in all directions and in all parts of the cooling
ingot but takes place first in the ingot at the point of contact of the metal with the
enclosing mould and results in the formation primarily of a surrounding film of
chilled metal enclosing the still molten interior of the ingot.
This enclosing film is formed immediately upon the contact of the molten metal
with the mould and extends from the bottom of the mould up to the top thereof,
consequently there is no opportunity afforded for any further contraction of the
enclosing sides of the ingot that is appreciable and what contraction occurs must take
place in the interior of the ingot.
"
The result of this contraction and of the gravitation and settling of the cooling
metal is the formation of a funnel shaped opening in the top of the ingot constituting
the "pipe
which oftentimes extends into the ingot one third of its length and
renders such proportion of the ingot useless. The obviation of this formation has
been desired by all steel makers and is essential to produce a perfect. ingot.
"
In making a continuous ingot-bar by my improved process no opportunity is
afforded for the formation of the "pipe" as the supply of the metal is either
maintained and the space made by the contraction of the cooling metal is constantly
being filled by the inflowing metal resulting in a solid homogeneous ingot-bar, which
may be subdivided as desired, or if the pipe is allowed to form by so causing the
metal to flow into the mould that the pipe or space formed by the shrinkage of
the metal is filled with fresh metal before the oxydisation of the interior of the
pipe occurs.
In casting by my process the molten metal flows into the mould in such quantities
and at such times as to unite most perfectly in the mould and after being retained in
the mould a sufficient length of time until the metal has become chilled or solid
enough to permit to be drawn down through the mould, which is provided with an
open bottom, the solidified portion of the ingot-bar is drawn down within the mould
and the space thus made by the lowering of the bar is filled with molten metal which
unites with quantity of metal first entering the. mould and is allowed to stand
stationary until sufficiently set, when the entire united mass of metal is drawn down
within the mould to make room for another quantity of metal which flows into the
mould upon that last entering the mould, and when the last quantity of metal has
united with the bar in the mould and is sufficiently chilled the entire mass is a third
time lowered and so on for any number of times, the metal flows into the mould,
permitted to stand and then lowered into the mould and new molten metal added to
that in the mold.
By thus lowering the metal or ingot-bar, in the mould and drawing the same from
the bottom of the mould intermittingly the formation of the ingot may be continued
indefinitely so far as the production is concerned.
The time during which the metal is permitted to stand within the mould depends
upon the temperature of the mould, the size of the matrix in the cross section, the
condition of the metal etc., and should only be of such duration as will allow the
formation of a solid wall around the outside of the ingot-bar, of such strength as to
permit the drawing down of the same without breaking.
The time occupied in drawing down the ingot-bar is determined by the condition
of the metal at the top, which should not be permitted to chill over to prevent the
inflowing metal from forming a union therewith so as to form a solid homogeneous
ingot-bar, and the number of stops of the intermittent lowering of the bar in the
mould, depends upon the rate of speed of the downward movement of the ingot-bar
which is regulated according to the rapidity of the entrance of the metal into the
mould and by the strength of the walls of the ingot-bar and the solid condition of
the same.
Instead of pouring directly into the mould, from crucibles or ladles a reservoir
provided with suitable means for heating the same may be arranged upon the top of
and communicating with the matrix in the mould, and in said reservoir a constant

page_text: supply of the fluid metal may be held which flows into the mould simultaneously
with the lowering of the ingot bar.
In the initial steps of the process a stopper or plunger is arranged in the mould at
any desired point and the metal poured into the mould upon said stopper to which
the metal becomes attached and when sufficiently set, the stopper and the super-
incumbent ingot-bar are drawn down together through the mould to permit the
addition of metal on top of said stopper or metal poured.
As soon as the stopper has been drawn through the bottom of the mould, so that
the ingot-bar may be seized by the drawing mechanism, the stopper is cut off or
separated from the ingot-bar, as it is no longer of any use in continuing the process
of casting.
A suitable machine for carrying out these processes consists of a mould having an
open bottom through which the ingot is drawn down by suitable drawing mechanism
placed beneath the bottom of the mould and mechanism suitably placed in relation to
the drawing down mechanism to break off or separate from the.ingot-bar a portion or
portions of any desired length.
Upon the top of the mould is placed a heated reservoir which opens into the top
of the mould and which is used when it is desired to feed continuously from a
constant supply of metal. As already described, however, the metal may be poured
into the mould itself direct from the ladles or other pouring devices.
The mould is also provided with a suitable water jacket or chamber formed by
coring the walls of said mould spirally or fluting the sides of the same and
surrounding said mould with a casing or as may be otherwise considered desirable.
For drawing down the ingot rolls may be used between which the ingot-bar passes
or reciprocating clamps may be used, which move toward and from the bottom of the
mould and when moving from the mould carries down the ingot-bar but when
moving toward the mould releases said bar. For operating said rolls and
reciprocating clamps suitable gearing may be used, a hydraulic ram or other
power.
The mechanism for breaking off portions of the ingot-bar may be reciprocating
cutters moving oppositely or a single cutter and an abutment, suitable shearing
devices or suitable twisting dies through which the ingot-bar passes and which
when operated apply a torsional force to the bar and twist off the separate
portions. Said severing mechanism may be operated by hydraulic power or other
suitable means.
In the accompanying drawing, in which is illustrated a machine hereinbefore
referred to as suitable for carrying out my processes, figure 1 represents a vertical
section of said machine, the position of the gearing being indicated by dotted lines;
figure 2 is a plan of the top of the mould the reservoir being removed; figure 3 is a
plan of the drawing down mechanism the ingot being in cross-section; figure 4 is
à side elevation of the drawing down mechanism shown in figure 3; figure 5 is
a view similar to figure 1 of the upper portion of the machine including the mould
and the drawing down mechanism, showing a different construction of the mould
from that illustrated in figure 1; figure 6 is a side elevation of the sliding blocks
and cutting mechanism; and figure 7 is a top view of the same.
In the drawing above described, A indicates a reservoir which is provided with
a duct a through which molten metal may flow or may be poured to supply the
reservoir and the mold B into which the molten metal flows from the said reservoir.
To maintain the fluidity of the metal in the reservoir suitable heating devices may
be employed to heat said reservoir, that shown in the drawing consisting of tubes a¹
and a through which hydrogen and atmospheric air or other gases capable of
producing a hot flame are admitted to the reservoir and ignited, and by the
heat of the flame so produced the molten condition of the metal is maintained in the
reservoir.
Other means for keeping the metal fluid may be used in lieu of that shown and
described.
The mold B is open at both ends, the casting cavity or matrix extending entirely

page_text: through the same, and may be formed sections for convenience. The mold is provided
with a water jacket which as shown in figure 1 consists of a spiral duct or channel
forined in the wall of the mold into and from which the water is fed and conducted
by the pipes 6 and 66. As indicated in figure 5 a water chamber is formed
between the inner wall 62 and the outer wall with which the water pipes 64 and 65
connect.
Beneath the said mold is arranged the mechanism for drawing the ingot from the
.bottom of the mold which, in the machine shown in the drawing, consists of rolls c,
arranged beneath the open end of the matrix and which rotate toward each other in
the direction indicated by the arrows when in operation and seize or grip the sides
of the ingot-bar which passes there between as shown in figure 1. The rolls are
provided with gear wheels c³ in which mesh one with the other so that the rolls turn
'together.
The said gears may be operated by other gears meshing therewith to produce a
continuous rotary movement of the rolls or a mutilated gear wheel e having a portion
of its peripheral surface toothless so that while the said mutilated gear wheel c
rotates continuously the rolls turn only when the toothed surface of the c' mesh
gear
with the gears and remain at rest when the teeth of the gear c² are passing over the
toothless surface of the gear wheel c³.
In this manner an intermittent rotary movement of the rolls is produced which
causes alternate periods of rest and motion of the ingot-bar in the mold. It will be
understood that other intermittingly acting devices may be used instead of the
mutilated gear above described to cause the intermittent of the rolls.
Below the rolls c are arranged means for severing or separating portions or sections
of the ingot from the main-portion of the ingot-bar. These devices, in the illustrated
mechanism, consist of cutters e, e', carried by heads e², e³ fitted to slide within ways e',
in such manner that said heads and the cutters may reciprocate toward and from
each other. These heads are operated by eccentrics and set reversely upon the
same shaft.
Ordinary eccentric rods may be employed to connect the eccentrics with
the heads which they operate.
When the rolls c are operated intermittingly the movement of the eccentrics
and will be so timed with relation to such intermittent action, that when the
feeding of the ingot shall have been suspended and consequently the ingot shall be
at rest, the cutters will be moved toward each other to sever or separate a portion
or section of the ingot from the main portion, and after so doing will recede to their
normal position.
I have shown the cutters e, as secured directly to blocks f,f which are capable of
sliding up and down in grooves provided in the heads e³, e. These grooves in each
of the heads are shown as inclining downwardly and away from the grooves of the
other head. Hence, when the blocks move downwardly, they will also be caused to
recede from one another, and conversely, when they ascend they will be caused to
approach each other. As these blocks are capable of moving downwardly, the
cutting may be partly or wholly done while the ingot is in motion.
The blocks f,f' are moved upwardly and are normally held in their uppermost
positions by counter balances, such for instance, as the weighted lever H, which is
shown as cooperating with the block f, or the spring g, which is shown as combined
with the block f¹.
The operation of the machine in carrying out the processes of my invention is as
follows:-
The metal is intended to flow from the reservoir into the mold or from the ladle
into the mold and is allowed or caused to pass through the mold at such a rate of
speed that it shall have congealed or solidified before its exit from the lower end of
the mold. Before the metal shall have been allowed to enter the mold a plug or
stopper J shown in figure 5 of the drawing is inserted into the mold to prevent the
escape of metal while in a fluid condition from the mold. The plug or stopper is so
formed on its upper surface that the metal flowing into the mold will upon congealing
or solidifying become fastened or anchored to said plug or stopper. The plug or

page_text: stopper is preferably of sufficient length to extend through the lower end of the mold
so that it may be seized by the devices employed for pulling through the mold the
ingot which is cast therein.
During the first operation of casting the rolls or drawing down devices seize the
plug or stopper in pulling the same and the attached ingot down through the mold
but after the said plug or stopper shall have passed the rolls the said rolls then
operate in like manner upon the ingot itself.
The plug or stopper may then be broken off or otherwise separated from the ingot
after the same has served its purpose.
The molten metal supplied to the reservoir A will flow down through the reservoir
into the interior of the mold and will solidify within this mold, so that by the time it
arrives at the lower end of the mold it will be sufficiently solid to be withdrawn
therefrom. When the rollers are operated to pull down the ingot intermittingly, the
metal will be somewhat chilled during the interruption in the feeling of the metal.
The reservoir may be several times as large in capacity as the mould, so that the
metal contained therein will form a continuous supply for the mould, during a certain
period of time.
When the ingot is moved down intermittingly as heretofore set forth, and allowed
to chill between the different movements, it may be proper to regard the ingot as
made of a number of sections cast one upon the top of another as already intimated.
The ingot may be severed into sections or portions in lengths which may be
regarded as convenient.
While I have described my process and machine as involving the cutting of the
ingot into sections or portions as the same passes from the mould, this operation of
severing the sections or portions may be performed after the entire ingot shall have
been completed.
It will be understood that the construction of the machine which I have illustrated
as suitable to carry out my invention may be varied from that shown and still be
within the scope of my invention.
By means of the process which I have described and the machine which I have
illustrated the piping which inevitably results from the ordinary method of producing
ingots of steel is practically and successfully obviated.
The intermittent action of the rolls upon the ingot may also be produced by cutting
off equal segments from each of the rolls so that the rolls move continuously the
cause an intermittent movement of the ingot.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my sain
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is -
1. The process of casting steel so as to obviate piping, consisting in casting an
ingot in a stationary upright bottomless mould, pulling the ingot through the mould
and severing or separating sections or portions of the ingot below the lower end of
the mould, substantially as specified.
2. The process of casting steel so as to obviate piping, consisting in casting one
ingot section, then casting a second ingot section upon the upper end of the first
ingot section, a third ingot section upon the upper end of the second, and so on,
substantially as specified.
in
3. The process of casting steel so as to obviate piping, consisting in casting
bottomless mould one ingot section, then casting a second ingot section upon the
upper end of the first ingot section, a third ingot section upon the upper end of the
second, and so on, and in separating or severing the ingot sections resulting from
such casting, at intervals, substantially as specified.
4. The process of casting steel so as to obviate piping, consisting in casting one
ingot section in a mould, casting a second ingot section upon the first, a third upon
the second, and so on, the ingot sections being moved downwards within the mould
intermittingly between the several castings, substantially as specified.
5. The process of casting steel so as to obviate piping, consisting in casting one
B

page_text: ingot section in a bottomless mould, casting a second ingot section upon the first, a
third upon the second, and so on, the ingot section being moved downwards and
pulled through the mould intermittingly between the several castings, substantially as
specified.
6. The process of casting steel so as to obviate piping, consisting in casting one
ingot section in a bottomless mould, casting a second ingot section upon the first, a
third upon the second, and so on, the ingot sections being moved downwards and pulled
through the mould intermittingly between the several castings, and the ingot sections
being severed or separated after leaving the mould, substantially as specified.
7. The process of casting steel so as to obviate piping, consisting in casting one
ingot section in a bottomless mould, casting a second ingot section upon the first by
metal supplied at the upper end of the mould, casting a third upon the second by metal
supplied at the upper end of the mould, and so on, the ingot sections being moved
downwards and pulled through the mould intermittingly between the several castings
and the ingot sections being severed or separated as they escape from the mould,
substantially as specified.
8. The combination of a mould, a device arranged to grasp an ingot outside the
bottom of the mould and means for operating the grasping device to draw the ingot
from the mould, for the purpose set forth.
9. The combination of a mould, means for drawing an ingot out of the bottom of
the mould and means for separating from the ingot a portion of the said ingot, for the
purposes set forth.
10. The combination with an ingot mould of means constructed and arranged to
draw the ingot intermittingly from the mould, for the purposes set forth.
11. The combination with an ingot mould of means constructed and arranged to
draw an ingot intermittingly from the mould and means for separating a portion of
the ingot from the said ingot, for the purposes set forth.
.
12. The combination with an ingot mould provided with an open bottom of
drawing rolls arranged beneath said mould, and means for operating said rolls to
draw an ingot from the mould, for the purposes set forth.
13. The combination with an ingot mould having an open bottom of drawing rolls
arranged beneath said mould, and means for operating said rolls intermittingly to
draw an ingot intermittingly from said mould, for the purposes set forth.
14. The combination with an ingot mould having an open bottom of drawing rolls
arranged beneath said mould and constructed and arranged to draw an ingot
intermittingly from said mould, for the purposes set forth.
15. The combination with an ingot mould having an open bottom of a removable
stopper arranged within said mould and projecting through the bottom thereof, and
means constructed and arranged to seize the projecting end of said stopper and to
draw the same and the ingot attached to said stopper down through the bottom of
said mould and to continue to seize and drawn down the said ingot after the
withdrawal and removal of said stopper, for the purposes set forth.
16. The combination with an ingot mould having an open bottom of drawing rolls
arranged beneath said mould, means for operating said rolls to cause the same to
draw an ingot from the bottoni of said mould, and separating devices arranged
beneath said drawing rolls and constructed and operating to divide an ingot into
sections or portions, for the purposes set forth.
17. The combination with an ingot mould having an open bottom of drawing rolls
arranged beneath said rolls and operating to draw an ingot intermittingly from said
mould, and severing devices arranged beneath said drawing rolls and constructed and
operating to divide an ingot into sections or portions during the periods of rest of
said ingot-bar, for the purposes set forth.
18. The combination with an ingot mould having an open bottom of means
arranged beneath said mould and operating to draw the ingot-bar from said mould,
and reciprocating cutters arranged beneath said drawing mechanism and operating
and constructed to cut the ingot-bar into portions or sections of the desired length,
for the purposes set forth,

page_text: 19. The combination with an ingot mould having an open bottom of drawing rolls
arranged beneath said mould and operating to draw an ingot intermittingly from the
said mould, and reciprocating cutters arranged beneath said rolls and constructed and
operating to divide an ingot into sections or portions, for the purposes set forth.
20. The combination with an ingot mould provided with a matrix extending
entirely through the same, a metal reservoir arranged upon the top of said mould and
opening into the interior thereof, drawing rolls arranged beneath the open bottom of
said mould and arranged and operating to draw an ingot intermittingly from said
mould and reciprocating cutters arranged beneath said rolls and constructed and
operating to divide an ingot into sections or portions, for the purposes set forth.
21. The combination with an ingot mould provided with an open bottom of
drawing rolls c arranged beneath said mould, gears & secured to said rolls and
meshing together, a mutillated gear e meshing with one of said gears e², and means
for imparting motion to said mutillated gear, for the purposes set forth.
22. The combination with an ingot mould provided with an open bottom and a
water jacket, of drawing rolls c arranged beneath said mould, gears meshing
together and secured on said rolls, a mutilated gear meshing with one of said
gears c³, means for operating said mutillated gear, reciprocating cutters e¹ and e, and
mechanism for reciprocating said cutters, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.