IMPROVEMENTS IN TILE-MAKING MACHINERY
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Pascall, of Norwood, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TILE-MAKING
MACHINERY."
Sealed the 23rd October 1857, and dated the 29th April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Pascall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1857.
I, CHARLES PASCALL, of Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do
hereby declare the naturo of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TILE-
MAKING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the shaping of the ends of tiles, and cutting them.
off when produced in lengths from the expressing or squeezing box, by forcing
the plastic material through a die.
The expressing and forming the tile material in lengths is the same as
usual. The length of tile material being received on rollers or otherwise
supported, I cut it off in proper lengths, and at the same time shape the ends
of the tiles. I effect this by means of two wires suitably stretched between
two slides which traverse across the breadth of the tile in guides, which cause
the wires to traverso so as to describe and cut the ends of the tile of the

page_text: proper forms. For this purpose I place suitably formed guide slots or chases
above and below the tile material to be cut at each end of the tile, and in
order to cut both ends at the same time, I mount two levers on a central
fulcrum above and below the guide slots, which levers have slots in the direc-
tion of their length which receive the wire slides. The levers are rigidly
connected, and when moved they cause both wires to traverse in their guide
slots or chases simultaneously, thereby cutting both ends of the tile at the
same time. The slots in the levers permit the free control of the wires in
their traverse of the shaping guides or slots, the levers propelling the wires
across at the same time, and impart the same rate of traverse to both ends of
the same wire.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Pascall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
PASCALL, of Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by-Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Pascall, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Pascall, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Pascall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during tho
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TILE-MAKING
MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles
Pascall, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Pascall, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to the shaping of the ends of tiles, and cutting them
off when produced in lengths from the squeezing box or other expressing or
forming apparatus forcing the plastic material through a die.
The expressing and forming the tile material in lengths is the same as
usual, and therefore needs no description. The length of tile material when
expressed or formed is received on rollers or otherwise supported while being
cut off in proper lengths, and at the same time having the ends of the tiles
shaped. I effect this by means of two wires suitably stretched between two
slides which traverse across the breadth of the tile in guides, which cause the
wires to traverse in curves or lines so as to describe and cut the tile of the
proper length and with the ends of the form required.
For this purpose I place suitably formed guide slots or chases above and below
the tile material to be cut at a distance to form the length of the tile, and in
order to cut both ends at the same time I mount two levers on a central
fulcrum above and below the guide slots; these levers have slots in the direc-
tion of their length which receive the wire slides. The levers are rigidly
connected, and when moved they cause both wires to traverse in their. guide
slots or chases simultaneously, thereby cutting both ends of the tile at the
same time. The slots in the levers permit the free control of the wires in
their traverse of the shaping guides or slots; the levors simply propel the two
wires across at the same time, and impart the same rate of traverse to both

page_text: and rollers a, a, and c, across which the cutting wires are free to traverse.
Above and below these spaces are mounted guide frames or bars C, C, and
D, D, arranged in pairs, the one of each pair being abovo and the other below
the carrying frame b; these frames are mounted and fixed on suitable stan-
dards e, e. The one pair of guide bars C; C, has a chase, or course g, g, whose
outline is of the form to be given to the one end of the tile, while the other
pair D, D, has a chase or course h, h, whose outline is the form to be given
to the other end of the tile. The parts C and D are connected by ties E, on
which is mounted a double lever F, F, having a fulcrum at f midway between
the chases C and D. These levers are connected by a bridge piece and
handle F', by which their movement is communicated and controlled simul-
taneously. The levers F move in close contact with the guide frames or
pieces C and D, and have longitudinal slots i, i, which intersect the chases g
and h. In those slots are fitted the pieces k, k, to which the ends of tho
cutting wires are fixed. These pieces are fitted into the slots i, i, to slide
freely therein; they also pass through the chases g and h, having a round part
in diameter equal to the breadth of the chase which slides freely therein. The
parts fitting slots i, i, are square, and slide freely in the direction of the length
of the slot, while the round necks are free to follow the course of the chases g
and h. Each of theso pieces k, k, k, k, is furnished with screws and nuts 2, 1, 1, 1,
by which the tension of the wires m, m, held between each of the sliding guide
pieces, is regulated as may be required; suitable washers or bearing shoulders
are provided to receive the pressure and friction arising from the tension of
the wires. m, m, are two small copper or steel wires kept in a sufficient stato
of tension, as well understood in cutting plastic materials; they are both moved
simultaneously, whereby both ends of the tile will be cut at the same time.
The operation is this:-The clay or plastic material being forced out of the
box A is received on the roller framo 6 traversing along, as marked red, and
with tho cutting frame in position, as seen at Fig. 2. When the clay has passed
beyond the guide D of the cutting frame, the lever F' is caused to oscillate
quickly on its fulcrum f, and to take the position shown dotted (Fig. 2), by
which the wires m, m, cut through the plastic material, and sever and cut it
in the form required. The further progress of the expressed plastic material
pushes forward the cut tile which is removed by the operator, and is as seen
at Fig. 4. When the plastic material is again sufliciently projected, he again
performs the oscillation of the lever F in the contrary direction, and so on.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of perform-
ing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by

page_text: the berein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, cutting and shaping the
ends of tiles by means of wires or other cutting instruments, guided and con-
trolled, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, Charles Pascall, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord Onc
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
CHARLES PASCALL. (L.s.)
WILLIAM CLARK, Patent Agent,
58, Chancery Lane, London.