CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND OTHER TIME- KEEPERS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Dunseith McKellen, of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Watch Manufacturer, for the Invention
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Dunseith
McKellen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 14th March 1870.
I, SAMUEL DUNSEITH MCKELLEN, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Watch Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND OTHER TIME-
KEEPERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates more particularly to improvements in pocket.
timekeepers and comprises three divisions, which may be described as
follows:-
First. The improvements refer to watches supplied with independent
seconds and is intended to perfect and simplify that part of the watch
which is called the independent train.

page_text: Many attempts have been made to obtain an independent seconds
action with one mainspring and one winding-up apparatus, thus dis-
pensing with the extra mainspring and double winding-up apparatus.
It is well known in the trade that if this can be effectually done
independent seconds watches could be manufactured at a much smaller
cost than the ordinary double train independent seconds. Hitherto all
such attempts have failed, because whilst the independent part remained
stopped the friction produced by the slipping round of the connecting
spring was so great as in time seriously to affect the going of the
watch, and where a detached independent arrangement has been tried
by "rocking or recceding one wheel out of gear with another, it has
been found impossible to obtain steadiness or accuracy either in stopping
or starting the independent seconds.
"
My Invention is intended to provide a perfect starting and stopping
action, and also to ensure a complete detachment of the independent
train from the going train of the watch when desired. The construction
of this part of my Invention consists in placing the fuzee and centre
wheel in the same position as in ordinary centre seconds watches; the
third wheel is placed in such a position as to drive two fourth wheels,
one of them being placed in the centre of the frame and carrying the
long seconds hand, which rides in tho usual way above the hour and
minute hands of the watch, and the other being placed in the position
usually occupied by the fourth wheel of an ordinary ¾-plate watch, and
carrying the small seconds hand. Either of these fourth wheels may carry
the independent seconds hand, and the workmanship required is the
same in either case. The fourth wheel, which drives the going escape-
ment, is secured to the pinion in the usual way; the other fourth
wheel, which drives the independent seconds, is mounted firmly on an
arbor, which is pivoted into the frame in the usual way. A hollow
pinion is also mounted on this arbor, and it is secured from coming off
by a "collet," which fits tight on the end of the arbor. This pinion is
loose, so that it will slip round easily when driven by the third wheel;
it is made exactly the same size and count as the other fourth pinion.
On this pinion a "collet" is mounted, which may be taken off at any
time the watch requires cleaning; to this collet is attached a small coiled
or, twisted spring, which is arranged in a convenient way, so that its end
may press against the fourth wheel in such a manner that when the
pinion is turned by the third wheel it will carry the fourth wheel with

page_text: it. This spring, being elastic, will allow the third wheel to carry the
hollow pinion steadily onward, and at the same time will allow the
fourth wheel to advance by beats. The hollow pinion is made much
shorter than the arbor, so that by pressing a stop it may be made to
slide down the arbor out of gear with the third wheel. It is obvious
that if the independent train is to be stopped only a short time there
will be no need for this uncoupling of the trains, but if the independent
train is to be stopped for any length of time, or permanently, then the
advantage of this uncoupling will be at once seen. This uncoupling
stop is connected with a thumb piece on the outside of the case. Thero
is also another stop, which I call the temporary stop, which is acted on
by another thumb bit, and which serves for temporary purposes, both it
and the uncoupling stop being used for long periods.
The method of stopping is as follows:-The temporary stop being.
brought into action a small point is introduced by it in front of a tooth
of the independent cscape wheel or "fly" wheel, thereby bringing the
independent train to rest, the independent seconds hand showing exactly
what time the stop was used. The third wheel is now turning the
hollow pinion round and coiling up the small spring, and will continue
to do so until uncoupled, the spring continuing to coil up and slip
through constantly, thus keeping a constant pressure on the train which
is at rest. As soon as the temporary stop is withdrawn the seconds
hand will start forward at once being carried forward by the force of
the coiled-up spring. To effect the permanent detachment the, temporary
stop is brought into action first, afterwards the detaching stop; this
will allow the small spring to get sufficient tension, through being
wound up before detaching, as will ensure the proper starting of the
independent train when released, both stops being brought thus into
action; the position of the independent train is as follows:-The escape
wheel, or fly, is resting against the independent stop and the small
spring part is coiled up, and the pinion out of action with the third
wheel. The two stops are arranged so that the temporary stop cannot
be withdrawn without first withdrawing the detaching stop, and this
ensures an adequate supply of force for the independent train before
releasing it; if it should be released before it had sufficient power to
carry it on it might cause the watch to trip. The detaching stop being
withdrawn, the hollow pinion springs back into its proper position, being
forced there by the small spring, which is bent so as to act in that way

page_text: (possibly it may not drop at once between the third wheel teeth but lie
against the face of the wheel; should it do so it will fall into its place
before one tooth has passed round), and then the temporary stop is
withdrawn and the action takes place immediately. The detaching stop
may be withdrawn at any time before the temporary stop, always
bearing in mind that some considerable friction is going on when the
independent train is stopped and the detaching is not effected. In
connection with independent seconds a quarter seconds action is also
obtained thus: Instead of the usual fly, a scape wheel is mounted on a
pinion, both being by preference exactly the same size as the scape
wheel and pinion of the going train; there is also an extra pair of
pallets mounted on the pallet staff, which pallets I make of the usual
form but with shorter impulse faces, so as to give more drop to the
wheel and more room for a free stop work. The pallet staff is placed in
such a position that both scape wheels will act on their respective
pallets. By this method both of the trains give simultaneous quarter
second pulsation, and thus most accurate measurements of time may be
made. Or, the same result may be accomplished by having mounted in
the same place as the independent 4th wheel a large escape wheel with
the requisite number of teeth, and using pallets with very little or no

page_text: the balance and in the latter case retards it. This is one of the reasons
why ships chronometers are hung in gimbals so as to keep the chrono.
meter always in one position.
The arrangement of mechanism constituting the second part of my
Invention is intended to dispense with all the springs of the detent,
and to effect a perfect counterpoise to the weight thereof, so that in all
positions of the watch the work of the balance may be the same, the
mechanism for which consists as follows:-I leave out entirely the
usual detent with its delicate springs. I use a scape wheel in the same
way as the ordinary chronometer to give impulse on a ruby, pallet set
in a roller, mounted on the balance staff, underneath this roller I have
a smaller one with a small ruby pin set in the same way as the ruby
pin in a lever roller; this pin I get as near the staff as its hole can be
drilled, so that it may lift the lever (described hereafter) with the
smallest possible waste of power. This I call the lifting pin. Instead
of the usual detent spring I employ a very long lever mounted at its
outside end on a staff, which call a pallet staff, there is a one toothed
pallet also mounted on this staff, and it and the lever are so placed
that the pallet forms a safe depth with the scape wheel, while at the
same time the other end of the lever which is reduced to a fine point
is exactly opposite the balance staff; the short end of the lever is made
heavier so as to act as a counterpoise, the pallet staff being the fulcrum;
the pallet has a flat jewel inserted at the back just at the pallet staff,
and there is a straight sound spring called the pallet spring screwed to
the pillar plate, whose end lies against the aforesaid flat jewel this
keeps the lever and pallets in position, so that whichever way they
are moved they will fall into their normal position by the force of the
spring acting on the flat jewel, or instead of a flat jewel I drill two
small holes across the place where the flat jewel was supposed to bc, and
I fit two ruby pins in those holes, but first I reduce the steel, after the
holes have been made, so much that I take away about one sixth of the
diameter of the holes, so as to allow the sides of the ruby pins to
project beyond the steel, thus the spring lies flat against these two ruby
pins and a cleaner action is the result. The action is simple. The
lifting pin in the backward movement of the balance simply lifts the
lever on one side and passes on. The pallet spring is now pressing
against one of the ruby pins, and as soon as the lifting pin has passed
on far enough. to release the lever it is forced into its normal position

page_text: by the pallet spring, the only action which has taken place in con-
nexion with the scape wheel with this movement is that the pallet
has been thrown temporally a little deeper into the scape wheel and has
come back to its natural position as before. In the forward movement
of the balance the lifting pin raises the lever and with it the pallet, so
that the wheel tooth is released. At this moment the impulse pallet
has come into position to receive the tooth of the scape wheel with the
full force of the train; this gives the balance the necessary impulse;
before the tooth has separated from the impulse pallet the lifting pin
has dropped the lever, and again the spring forces it into its normal
position, the pallet this time returning to its position in readiness to
receive the scape wheel tooth as soon as it has passed out of contact
with the impulse pallet. Owing to the strength and simplicity of this
escapement and the subdivisions into which the work may be divided,
it may be made to cost not much if any more than a lever escapement.
I make the point end of my lever of gold and thus the whole escape-
ment will work without oil anywhere except at the holes.
Thirdly. The Invention relates to keyless watches, and is intended
to dispense with the complicated apparatus now in use, so that the
watch may be wound up without key or milled head or any other
mechanism, acted on by the pendant. I make the back or "bezel " of the
case without any joint, and of a perfect circle it is made, so that whilst
close enough not to allow dust to enter it will slip round on its groove
when required. The wind up square and the hands square of the watch
are made with toothed wheels fitted on them, and round the edge of
the top plate a rim wheel is fitted neatly so as to turn round thereon
when required; this rim wheel is toothed inwards so that it will either
gear into the wheels already mentioned, or else into an intermediate
wheel which may be brought into action by a thumb piece at pleasure;
a projecting pin in this rim wheel fits into a notch in the edge of the
case back, so that when the watch is held firmly in the left hand the
back may be turned round by the fingers of the right, thus carrying
round the rim wheel and winding up the watch or setting the hands
as desired.
I accomplish the same purpose by fixing an ordinary
toothed wheel in the centre of the back plate to act on the wheel or
wheels fixed wind up or hands square, either directly or by an inter-
mediate wheel as before, and to be turned by a pin in the case back
which is made to turn in the same way as before described. I adopt

page_text: another method of setting the hands of watches other than three quarter
plate where flatness is wanted at the face, namely, -I take away
altogether the key square which is above the hands, and which takes
up so much room, and instead of the hands being fitted on a square I
fit them on the cannon pinion which is left round; this may be done so
as to leave a good substance of steel inside the hand.. I have a deep
notch cut into the end of the cannon pinion, so that a key with two
points may be inserted to turn the hands; this is somewhat simpler than
the other square, and a watch glass can be fitted as flat to it as a skeleton'
watch.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,"
filed by the said Samuel Dunseath McKellen in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
DUNSEATH MCKELLEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Watch Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Dunseath McKellen, Her
special license that I, the said Samuel Dunseath McKellen, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Dunseath M Kellen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all'
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and yend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Dunseath
McKellen, my executors or administrators; by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of-the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Dunseath McKellen, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of effecting various improve-
ments in mechanism employed for regulating time, combining simplicity
of construction with accuracy of mechanical movement, the arrangement
and adaptation of which is more particularly applicable to pocket time-
keepers, and
may be divided into three distinct movements or parts of
the working mechanism of a watch, the first of which refers to watches
supplied with "independent seconds," and is designed for the purpose of
simplifying and making more perfect that part of the watch called the
"independent train."
Secondly. The improvements relate to that portion of the watch known
as the "escapement."
$6
"
And, lastly. To watches known as self-winding or "keyless
watches."
And in order that the Invention may be better understood and explained
in detail I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made to a scale
of about twice the ordinary size of the working parts of a watch they
represent, and upon which letters of reference are marked corresponding
on similar parts on all the Figures alike.
And in order that each improvement may be distinctly understood I
will proceed to describe each one separately.
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 relate to the first part of these improvements
called the "independent seconds," in which Figure 1 represents a plan
view of this movement; Figure 2 represents another modification of
the same; Figure 3, a front clevation shewing the wheels in gear;
and Figure 4 represents a similar view shewing the wheels out of
gear.
In Figure 1 a is the third wheel; b, the the independent fourth wheel;
c, the ordinary fourth wheel; d, intermediate wheel; e, "fly" passing
through the scape pinion f, and revolving one turn for every dead
second.
Figure 2 represents an arrangement of gearing and train for giving
independent quarter seconds with two escapement wheels, two pair of
pallets, and one lever.

page_text: L
Upon reference to the Figures, the following explanation and descrip-
tion, the action of the independent seconds will be understood.
The Invention is intended to provide a perfect starting and stopping
action, and also to insure a complete detachment of the independent
train from the going train of the watch when desired.
The construction of this part of my Invention consists in placing the
fuzee and centre wheel b in the same position as in ordinary centre
seconds watches. The third wheel a is placed in such a position as to
drive the two fourth wheels b and c, one of them, b, being placed in
the centre of the frame and carrying the long seconds hand, which rides
in the usual way above the hour and minute hands of the watch, and the
other, c, being placed in the position usually occupied by the fourth wheel
of an ordinary three-quarter plate watch, and carrying the small seconds
hand. Either of these fourth wheels may carry the independent seconds
hand, and the workmanship required is the same in either case. The
fourth wheel which drives the going escapement f is secured to the
pinion in the usual way, the other fourth wheel b which drives the
independent seconds is mounted firmly on an arbor which is pivoted into
the frame in the usual way, a hollow pinion g is also mounted on this
arbor, and it is secured from coming off by a collet which fits tight on
the end of the arbor h; this pinion is loose so that it will slip round
easily when driven by the third wheel a; it is made exactly the same
size and count as the other fourth pinion; on this pinion a collet i is
mounted which may be taken off at any time the watch requires cleaning;
to this collet is attached a small coiled or twisted spring m which is
arranged in a convenient way, so that its end may press against a recess
formed in the fourth wheel in such a manner that when the pinion is
turned by the third wheel a it will carry the fourth wheel 6 with it.
This spring being elastic will allow the third wheel a to carry the hollow
pinion steadily onward, and at the same time will allow the fourth
wheel b to advance by beats. The hollow pinion 6 is made much
shorter than the arbor, so that by pressing the stop n it may be made
to slide down the arbor, out of gear with the third wheel a. It is
obvious that if the independent train is to be stopped only a short time
there will be no need for this uncoupling of trains, but if the inde-
pendent train is to be stopped for any length of time or permanently,
then the advantage of this uncoupling will be at once seen. This
uncoupling stop is connected with a thumb piece o on the outside of

page_text: the case.
There is also another stop o³, which I call the temporary
stop, which is acted upon by another thumb bit and which serves for
temporary purposes, both it and the uncoupling stop. being used for long
periods.
The method of stopping is as follows:-The temporary stop o being
brought into action a small point is introduced by it in front of a tooth
of the independent escape wheel or "fly" wheel f, thereby bringing the
independent train to rest, the independent seconds hand shewing exactly
what time the stop was used. The third wheel a is now turning the
hollow pinion & round and coiling up the small spring m and will
continue to do so until uncoupled, the spring continuing to coil up and
slip through constantly, thus keeping a constant pressure on the train
which is at rest. As soon as the temporary stop o is withdrawn the
seconds hand will start forward at once, being carried forward by the
force of the coiled up spring. To effect the permanent detachment the
temporary stop o is brought into action first, afterwards the detaching
stop o¹, this will allow the small spring to get sufficient tension through
being wound up before detaching as will ensure the proper starting of the
independent train when released; both stops being brought thus into action
the position of the independent train is as follows:-The escape wheel
or fly e is resting against the independent stop and the small spring m
is coiled up, and the pinion out of action with the third wheel a, the two
stops are arranged so that the temporary stop cannot be withdrawn"
without first withdrawing the detaching stop, and this ensures and
adequate supply of force for the independent train before releasing it, if
it should be released before it had sufficient power to carry it on it might
cause the watch to "trip." The detaching stop being withdrawn the
hollow pinion b¹ springs back into its proper position, being forced there
by the coiled spring m, which is bent so as to act in that way, (possibly it
may not drop at once between the third wheel teeth but lie against the
face of the wheel, should it do so it will fall into its place before one
tooth has passed round) and then the temporary stop is withdrawn and
the action takes place immediately. The detaching stop may be with-
drawn at any time before the temporary stop, always bearing in mind.
that some considerable friction is going on when the independent train is
stopped and the detaching is not effected. In connection with inde-
pendent seconds a quarter seconds action is also obtained, as seen in
Figure 2; thus instead of the usual fly a scape wheel is mounted on a

page_text: pinion ( ), both being by preference exactly the same size as the scape
wheel fand pinion 6¹ of the going train, there is also an extra pair of
pallets r, r, mounted on a pallet staff r¹, which pallets I make of the
usual form but with shorter impulse faces, so as to give more drop to
the wheel and more room for a free stop work; the pallet staff is placed
in such a position that both scape wheels will act on their respective
pallets; by this method both of the trains give simultaneous quarter
second pulsation, and thus most accurate measurements of time may be
made, or the same result may be accomplished by having mounted in the
same place as the independent fourth wheel a large escape wheel with
the requisite number of teeth and using pallets with very little or no
impulse faces.
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 refer to the second portion of my Invention,
and relate to the "escapement" movement of a watch, in which Figure 5
represents a plan view of the train of gearing in which a is the fuzee;
a', the barrel; b, the centre wheel; c, the third wheel; d, the fourth
wheel; k, the escape wheel; k¹, the balance; c', the impulse roller;
d', the lever; e, the detent pallet; and f, the reaction spring.
Figure 6 represents a detached view of the escape wheel and impulse
roller and their connecting, mechanism, in which c¹ is the impulse roller
supplied with impulse pallet b. The impulse roller c' is also supplied
with a small lifting pin c* placed underneath; & is the lever, with
counterpoise ; and e is the detent pallet, on which the tooth of escape
wheel k rests. This view shews the lifting pin b¹ in the forward position.
just in the action of pushing the lever d on one side, so as to lift the
pallet e out of contact with the wheel k; the impulse pallet e is just
coming into position to receive the tooth of the wheel k when released;
f is a reaction spring which is provided to keep in proper position or
rather restore the position of the pallet e and lever d when having been
knocked or moved on one side with each pulsation.
Figure 7 represents a similar view to the last, shewing the pallet e
lifted by the pin c acting on the lever d in a position out of contact
with the escape wheel k, the tooth of which is shewn pressing on the
impulso pallet through which impulse is given to the reciprocating
balance k¹.
Figure 8 represents a similar view to the 2 last, in which the pin c²
has passed on far enough to allow the lever d to drop off into its normal
position, the detent pallet c.at this time returns to its position, ready to

page_text: receive the tooth of the "escape wheel" which is near it. The tooth shewn
in the former Figure is now just about to escape from the impulse pallet or
roller c', which will cause the opposite tooth to fall on to the detent pallet e.
And Figure 9 represents a side elevation of the before-mentioned
movement.
From the foregoing description of this portion of my Invention the
following explanation referring to the particulars of this movement,
together with the manner of its working, will readily be understood.
This second portion of the Invention, called the escapement, is designed
to simplify and perfect the escapement known as the chronometer escape-
ment. It is well known that the chronometer escapement, from its
exceeding delicacy of construction, is so expensive that it is beyond the
reach of most watch-wearers. Its detent spring is very complicated,
having a small gold spring secured to its body for the passing spring,
and being filed and polished itself so delicately thin at its fixed end that
the smallest matter will bend or break it. This detent spring is difficult
and expensive to make, easy to damage, and if damaged it is difficult if
not impossible to repair it. The chronometer escapement, whilst ad-
mitted the best timekeeping escapement in the world, is nevertheless
open to this objection as a pocket timekeeper, namely, the weight of the
detent itself, with its screws, is so considerable as to affect the timekeeping
of the watch in positions; in other words, if the watch is in the position
that the action takes place downwards the balance has not the same
amount of work to do as when the action takes place upwards. In the
former case the weight of the detent assists the balance, and in the latter.
case retards it. This is one of the reasons why ships chronometers
are hung in gimbals so as to keep the chronometers always in one
position.
The arrangement of mechanism constituting the second part of the
Invention, is intended to dispense with all the springs of the detent and
to effect a perfect counterpoise to the weight thereof, so that in all
positions of the watch the work of the balance may be the same, the
mechanism of which consists as follows:-
I leave out entirely the usual detint with its delicate springs; I use
a scape wheel (k) in the same way as the ordinary chronometer, to give
impulse on a ruby pallet set in the roller (c¹), mounted on the balance
staff (¹) underneath this roller (c'). I have a smaller one with a small
ruby pin c set in the same way as a ruby pin in the roller of a lever

page_text: watch; this pin I get as near the staff as its hole can be drilled, so that
it may lift the lever d (described hereafter) with the smallest possible.
waste of power; this I call the lifting pin c³. Instead of the usual
detint pin I employ a very long lever (d) mounted at its outside end on
a staff ( ) which I call a pallet staff. There is a one toothed pallet e
also mounted on this staff and it and the lever are. so placed that the
pallet e forms a safe depth with the scape. wheel, whilst at the same:
time the other end of the lever d which is reduced to a fine point is
exactly opposite the balance staff '; the short end of the lever is
made heavier so as to act as a counterpoise, the pallet staff e being the
fulcrum. I drill two small holes on the back of this pallet e, on either
side its fulcrum, into which are fitted two ruby pins; the metal is then
reduced so that about one-sixth of the holes are taken away, so that the:
ruby pins will project beyond the steel; thus the spring lies flat against
these two ruby pins and a cleaner action is the result. The action of the
lifting pin in the backward movement of the balance k¹ simply lifts the
lever d on one side and passes on. The pallet spring fis now pressing
against one of the ruby pins, and as soon as the lifting pin c² has passed.
on far enough to relieve the lever d, as seen in Figure 4, it becomes
forced into its normal position by the re-action spring f, the only action:
which has taken place in connection with the escape wheel k¹ with this
movement is that the pallet e has been thrown temporarily a little.
deeper into the scape wheel k, and has come back to its natural position
as before. In the forward movement of the balance k¹, the lifting pin c³.
raises the lever d and with it the pallet e, so that the wheel tooth is
released. At this moment the impulse pallet c¹ has come into position
to receive the tooth of the scape wheel (k) with the full force of the
train, this gives the balance the necessary impulse. Before the tooth
has separated from the impulse pallet k the lifting pin has dropped the
lever, and again the spring f forces it into its normal position, the pallet
this time returning to its position in readiness to receive the scape
wheel k¹ tooth, as soon as it has passed out of contact with the impulse
pallet (e). I make the point end of my lever d of gold, and thus
the whole escapement will work without oil anywhere except at the.
holes.
Thirdly. The Invention relates to keyless watches, and is intended to
dispense with the complicated apparatus now in use, so that the watch
may be wound up without key or milled head, or any other mechanism.
acted on by the pendant.
.

page_text: Figures 10, 11 and 12, represent three modifications of these improve-
ments. I make the back or bevel of the case without any joint and of
a perfect circle; it is made so that whilst close enough not to allow any
dust to enter, it will slip round on its groove when required. The
wind-up square and the hands square are made with toothed wheels
fitted on them, and round the edge of the top plate a rim wheel is fitted
neatly, as seen in Figure 10, so as to turn round thereon when required,
this rim wheel is toothed inwards so that it will either gear into the
wheels already mentioned, or else into an intermediate wheel which may
be brought into action by a thumb piece at pleasure. A projecting pin
in this rim wheel fits into a notch in the end of the case back, so that.
when the watch is held firmly in the left hand the back may be turned
round by the fingers of the right, thus carrying round the rim wheck
and winding up the watch or setting the hands as desired. I accomplish
the same purpose by fixing an ordinary toothed wheel in the centre of
the back plate, as seen in Figure 11, to act on the wheel or wheels
fixed wind up the watch or hands square, either directly or by an
intermediate wheel as before, and to be turned by a pin in the case back
which is made to turn in the same way as before described. I adopt
another method of setting the hands of watches other than three-quarter
plate where flatness is wanted at the face, namely, I take away altogether
the key square which is above the hands, and which takes up so much
room, and instead of the hands being fitted on a square I fit them on a
cannon pinion which is left round; this may be done so as to leave a
good substance of steel inside the hand. I have a deep notch cut into
the end of the cannon pinion, so that a key with two points may be
inserted to turn the hands, this is somewhat simpler than the other
square, and a watch glass can be fitted as flat to it as a skeleton
watch.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with
the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
distinctly understood in conclusion that I claim,—
First. I claim the novel adaptation to pocket timekeepers of the
arrangement and construction of mechanism to be employed for simplify-
ing and making more perfect the independent train as herein-before
described and set forth.
Secondly. The peculiar construction and adaptation of the mechanism
herein-before described and set forth, known as the escapement move-

page_text: And, lastly. I claim the novel method, arrangement, and construction
of the parts employed for winding up and setting the hands, together
with the several improvements and construction of parts constituting
this Invention, as herein-before described, set forth and fully illustrated
in the Drawing attached.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Thirteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
SAMUEL DUNSEITH M©KELLEN. (L.S.)
Witness to the signature,
THOMAS WRIGLEY,
Agent to the Patentee,
Imperial Chambers,
Manchester.