IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE ATTACHMENT OF CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS TO THEIR AXLES AND THE LUBRICATION THEREOF
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Mackay, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE ATTACHMENT
OF CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS TO THEIR AXLES AND THE LUBRICATION
THEREOF."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Mackay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1882.
JAMES MACKAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND RELATING TO THE ATTACHMENT OF CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS TO THEIR
AXLES AND THE LUBRICATION THEREOF."
My Invention has for its object the attachment of carriage and other wheels to
their axles and the bubrication thereof, and consists in the use of an axle having
circumferential grooves, which grooves receive a divided disc and over which disc
is screwed, or fitted a cup disc, or cap.
In fitting the wheel to such an axle, I use a bush passing through the nave of
the wheel, provided with internal oil, or bubricant spaces communicating with the
axle, and through the nave of the wheel I form a passage (with a suitable plug)
for feeding such spaces with the oil, or bubricant.
In construction, the circumferential groove may be formed at, or near the end of
the axle, and a collar may be formed on the axle in the usual way, namely, leaving
space between the collar and the end of the axle, equal to about the width of the
nave. The bush being firmly secured in the nave, the nave is shipped onto the
axle, so that the circumferential groove at the end of the axle projects past the
bush. I then place the divided disc, or its equivalent round the groove and over
the divided disc, I screw or fit the cup, disc, or cap. The wheel is thus secured on
the axle, the spaces in the bush serving as bubricant reservoirs.
In the further carrying out of my Invention, instead of boring a hole right
through the nave, I may leave a thickness of material on the outside, and into the
hole I insert a bush having bubricant chambers as previously stated. I form the
circumferential groove on that part of the axle which comes about the inside of
the nave of the wheel and round the circumferential groove I place the divided
disc, or its equivalent. The divided disc is then secured to the nave of the wheel
by bolts, or equivalent devices.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Mackay in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th September 1882.
JAMES MACKAY, of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND RELATING TO THE ATTACHMENT OF CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS TO THEIR
AXLES AND THE LUBRICATION THEREOF.
My Invention has for its object the attachment of carriage and other wheels to
their axles and the lubrication thereof and consists in the use of an axle having a
circumferential groove, which groove receives a divided disc and over, which disc
is screwed, or fitted a cup-disc or cap.
In fitting the wheel to such an axle, I use a bush, or axle box passing through
the nave of the wheel, provided with internal oil, or lubricant spaces communi-
cating with the axle, and through the nave of the wheel I form a passage (with a
suitable plug) for feeding such spaces with oil, or lubricant.
In construction, the circumferential groove may be formed at, or near the end of
the axle and a collar may be formed on the axle, in the usual way, namely leaving
space between the collar and the end of the axle, equal to about the width of the
nave. The bush, or axle box being firmly secured in the nave the nave is shipped
onto the axle so that the circumferential groove at the end of the axle projects
past the bush, or axle box. I then place the divided disc, or its equivalent round
the groove and over the divided disc, I screw, or fit the cup, disc, or cap. The
wheel is thus secured on the axle, the spaces in the bush, or axle box serving as
lubricant reservoirs.
In the further carrying out of my Invention, instead of boring the hole right
through the nave, I may leave a thickness of material on the outside and into the
hole, I insert a busb, or axle box having lubricant chambers as previously stated I
form the circumferential groove on that part of the axle, which comes about the
inside of the nave of the wheel and round the circumferential groove, I place the
divided disc, or its equivalent.-The divided disc is then secured to the nave of
the wheel by bolts, or equivalent devices.
To enable my Invention to be more clearly understood, I will now proceed to
describe my Invention more in detail, so that any one skilled in the art to which
it belongs, or with which it is most nearly connected can make and use the same
reference being had to the accompanying sheet of Drawings, making a part of this
Specification, like letters and figures of reference marked on the Drawings being
used to denote the same, or corresponding parts throughout the various views and
coinciding with those used in the Specification.
In the Drawings
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the improved axle and and bush, or axle box
of my Invention fitted in the hub of a wheel.
Figure 2 is a section at X X Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an elevation of the linch discs
Figure 4 is an end view of the cap viewed at the open end.
Figure 5 is a section at Y Y Figure 1 viewed at the inside.
Figure 6 is an end view of Figure 1,
Figure 7 is a perspective view of the end of the axle.
Figure 8 is a sectional elevation showing another method of carrying out my
Invention.
Figure 9 is an elevation of the linch disc used at Figure 8 viewed from the
inside.
Figure 10 is an end view of the cap used at Figure 8 viewed from the inside.

page_text: Figure 11 is a sectional elevation showing a further method of carrying out my
Invention
Figure 12 is an elevation of the cap and linch disc used at Figure 11 viewed
from the inside
Figure 13 is a section at X X Figure 12.
Figure 14 shows the application of my Invention for two wheeled vehicles
Figure 15 is a sectional elevation showing a further method of carrying out my
Invention
Figure 16 is an end view of Figure 15 looking from the inner side.
Figure 17 is an end view of Figure 15 looking from the outer side.
Figure 18 is a perspective view of the linch disc used in Figure 15.
Figure 19 is a sectional elevation showing a further method of carrying out my
Invention.
Figure 20 is an end view of Figure 19 looking from the inner side.
Figure 21 is a perspective view of another arrangement of linch disc used with
Figure 19.
Upon reference, it will be seen that my Invention relates to a means of securing
the wheels of vehicles (such as road carriages and other vehicles having fixed axles)
to their axles and to the lubrication thereof.
The improvements making the subject matter of my Invention consist First
of the groove a in the end of the axle A, which groove receives the divided linch
disc B B' which may be divided in half, or by cutting out the segment B¹ as
shown at Figures 3. 34 and 3B. Second of the said linch disc B B¹ which fits into
the groove a in the axle A as shown at Figure 1 and is there held in position by
the cap C and the screws b which attach it to the bush, or axle box D. Third of
the said bush, or axle box D and the cap C which together contain (and with the
linch disc B B¹) secure the axle A. Fourth of the lubricating recess E in the bush,
or axle box D, which is supplied with lubricant through through the pipe E. F is
the hub of a wheel fitted with the usual guard f. It will be seen that the bush,
or axle box D is fitted from the inside of the hub F and is secured therein by the
lugs & which prevent the hub F from turning on the bush, or axle box D. h is a
leather, india rubber, or fibrous washer which may be used to keep the bush, or
axle box free from dust. This washer h is kept in position and adjusted by the
gland cap H.
To fit and secure the wheel on the axle A the said axle A is passed through the
bush, or axle box D until the groove a projects beyond the guard f. The linch
dise B is then shipped onto the groove a and the segment, or other half B¹ of the
linch disc is also positioned.-The axle A is then drawn back into the bush, or
axle D until the linch disc B B₁ butts up against the end of the said bush, or axle
box D and if desired the said linch disc B B' may be secured to the end of the
busb, or axle box D by the screws b. The cap C is then positioned by screwing
over the end of the bush, or axle box D as shown at Figure 1 and keeps the linch
disc B B' secure in the groove a and prevents the hub F from running off the
bush, or axle box D by securing the said hub F safely on the said bush, or axle
box D. The screw thread on the end of the bush, or axle box D and the female
thread of the cap C are for the wheels of one side of a carriage cut right handed
and for the wheels of the other side of the carriage cut left handed, so that the
tendency of the cap C during rotation will be to screw onto the bush, or axle
box D. If desired the cap C may be prevented from turning in the hub F by a
key, or set screw.
In the example of my Invention shown at Figures 8. 9 and 10 it will be seen
that the divided disc B B¹ ships over the end of the axle box D and into the
groove a of the axle A. The divided disc B B₁ secures the axle box D by the
dovetail pieces 6', which ship into corresponding grooves in the end of the axle
box. The divided disc B B' is kept in position by the cap C, which screws over
the washer as shown. As a further security in case the cap C should come off
the divided disc B B¹ is kept together by the screws b.

page_text: In the example shown at Figures 11. 12 and 13, the washer B and the cap C
are formed in one piece which is arranged so that the part B takes into the
groove a of the axle A as shown. The combined cap and washer is held in
position by the screws 63, which take into and secure the axle box D. A leather,
india rubber, or fibrous washer g is provided to keep the oil in the cap C.
In the example shown at Figure 14 when applying my Invention to two wheeled
vehicles and to prevent accidents, should the axle A break in the box D, I provide
a ring disc, which is secured to the axle box by bolts and nuts as shown.
In the example shown at Figures 15. 16. 17 and 18 it will be seen that instead
of boring a hole through the nave F, I leave a thickness of material on the outside,
or if desired where the bush, or axle box has a closed end, the bush, or axle box
may go right through the nave. The bush, or axle box D extends past the axle A
so as to form a lubricating chamber E' and the circumferential groove a is formed
on that part of the axle which comes about the inside of the nave and round the
groove a I place the divided linch disc B B¹ which with the recess in the axle box
forms a groove in which rides the shoulder a For detail see Figure 18. On the
linch disc B B¹ I form a ring B³, which comes over the shoulder a¹ of the axle A
as shown at Figure 15. The linch disc B B¹ is held in position by the through
bolts C¹ which also secure the nave and bush, or axle box D. In this arrangement
by the forming of the ring 68 on the linch disc B B' which rides on the shoulder a¹
of the axle A dust is prevented from entering the bush, or axle box D and at
the same time the lubricant is prevented from escaping from the bush, or axle
box D.
In the example shown at Figures 19. 20. and 21 it will be seen the bolts C¹
instead of going through the nave F are countersunk into the flange of the bush,
or axle box D, which is secured and closed at the other end by the cap C. In this
case the shoulder a¹ of the groove a may be dispensed with. The linch disc B B¹
is secured to the axle box D by the bolts C' before spoken of and may be divided
as shown at Figure 20 or it may be split as shown at Figure 21 in which case it is
opened out and sprung into position on the axle.
Oil for lubricating the bush, or axle box is supplied to the recess E through the
pipe e, the end of which is covered by the cap el. The inside of the cap C also
serves as an oil reservoir. The gland cap H and the washer h can be dispensed
with if desired.
Having now described my Invention what I claim is:
First An improved attachment of carriage and other wheels to their axles,
consisting of an axle A provided with a groove a in combination with a linch disc
such as B B¹ and a cap such as C, substantially as herein described and shown in
the Drawings hereto annexed.
Second An improved attachment of carriage and other wheels to their axles
consisting of an axle A provided with a groove a in combination with a linch disc,
such as B B and bolts C' substantially as herein described and shown in the
Drawings hereto annexed.
Third An improved means of lubricating carriage and other wheels consisting of
the space E and tube and cap e e¹ and hollow cap C in combination with the bush,
or axle box D and axle A as herein described and shown in the Drawings hereto
annexed.
Fourthe The arrangement and construction of carriage wheel attachment and
the lubrication thereof as herein described and shown at Figure 1 of the Drawings
hereto annexed.
Fifth The arrangement and construction of carriage wheel attachment and the
lubrication thereof as herein described and shown at Figure 8 of the Drawings
hereto annexed.
Sixth The arrangement and construction of carriage wheel attachment and the
lubrication thereof as herein described and shown at Figure 11 of the Drawings
hereto annexed.
Seventh The arrangement and construction of carriage wheel attachment and

page_text: the lubrication thereof as herein described and shown at Figure 15 of the Drawings
hereto annexed.
Eighth The arrangement and construction of carriage wheel attachment and the
lubrication thereof as herein described and shown at Figure 19 of the Drawings
hereto annexed.
hand
In Witness whereof, I, the said James Mackay have hereunto set my
and seal this fourth day of September in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
JAMES (L.S.) MACKAY,