New or Improved Manufacture of Compositions suitable for Use as Building Materials for Architectural and other Purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 8th May, 1896-Accepted, 8th Aug., 1896
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Manufacture of Compositions suitable for Use as
Building Materials for Architectural and other Purposes.
I, JOHN WILKINSON, of 90 Queen Street, in the City of London, Plaster
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention consists in the manufacture and application of improved
compositions suitable for use as building materials for architectural and other
purposes.
According to one part of my invention, glue of a high quality and water are
heated together in suitable proportions to produce a thick liquid to which is
afterwards added, whilst still hot and liquid, boiled linseed-oil in the proportions of
about one part by volume of the oil to seven parts by volume of the liquid
glue. The melting of the glue may be effected in a copper vessel heated
by boiling water or steam in the ordinary way. After the oil has been
thoroughly mixed with the liquid glue there is slowly added to the mixture
whilst still heated, ordinary commercial hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid,
using about as much muriatic acid as boiled linseed oil, and about one third as
much sulphuric acid. After the addition of the acid the mixture is thoroughly
stirred for about half an hour and whilst still heated to a temperature of about
450° F. The mixture is then removed from the source of heat and allowed to cool,
after which it is allowed to stand for about three days. At the end of this time
it will be found to be of about the consistency of dough and the vessel containing
it should be covered in order to preserve the mixture from the action of the
atmosphere. In this condition the mixture can, if desired, be kept for a long
period without change. To produce a composition suitable for use as plaster, the
mixture produced as hereinbefore described is added to water in about the
proportion of one part by weight of the mixture to twenty parts by weight of
water, and into the resulting dilute solution, plaster of Paris is then sprinkled in
suitable quantity to form a thick plastic mass having about the consistency of
moulding clay, and which should then be thoroughly kneaded in a suitable
kneading machine, such as a dough kneading machine.
The plastic composition thus formed can then be pressed into any desired shape,
or applied to the external surfaces of walls. When thoroughly set and dry, it is
capable of receiving a high polish. It can be made of any desired colour by
adding a suitable pigment to the plastic mass before it is kneaded, or to the plaster
of Paris before adding it to the solution.
When the composition is to be used for covering the inner surfaces of walls, or
for other like purposes, it is desirable that it should be prepared as a dry friable
powder, which, when required for use, is mixed with water and applied as ordinary
plaster. The dry composition is prepared as follows:-
About 80 pounds of glue and 80 pounds of water are heated together
under a moderate heat so as to produce in the manner herein before described,
a thick liquid to which is afterwards added about 16 pounds of boiled linseed oil.
When the oil has been thoroughly mixed with the liquid glue, about 22 pounds of
ordinary commercial hydrochloric acid, and about 5 pounds of ordinary commercial
sulphuric acid are added to the mixture which is then heated to about 450 degrees F.
and thoroughly mixed by stirring, after which the mixture is allowed to cool and
stand for about three daye. At the end of this period about 16 parts by weight

page_text: of water are added to 1 part by weight of the mixture and the resulting solution
is placed in a shallow vessel in order that there may be sifted into it, without
stirring, a sufficient quantity of a mixture of plaster of Paris and caustic lime to
fully absorb all the solution. The mixture of plaster of Paris and caustic lime
may advantageously be composed of about twenty parts by weight of the former
to one part by weight of the latter. The mass formed by the addition of the
ingredients just mentioned to the solution specified, is allowed to stand at the
ordinary temperature of the atmosphere until it becomes dry; or, if desired,
the drying process may be accelerated by the application of heat.
When dry, the composition thus produced, (which, for distinction, I will call the
second composition) will be found to be friable and ready for use, after admixture
with water as herein before described. For forming a first coat or base for walls.
and ceilings this second composition can be cheapened by adding to about
224 pounds of plaster of Paris, 638 pounds of ordinary dry builders sand and
58 pounds by weight of white sawdust or other cheap material of a like nature;
or the sawdust may be replaced by about the same weight of powdered asbestos
fibre when it is desired to form a thoroughly fireproof material. For a finishing
coat; the said second composition, without admixture of sand and sawdust or
asbestos, is used.
;
The second composition is specially suitable for inside work such as for
decorating walls, ceilings, or partitions. When used for outside work, it requires
to be coated with waterproof material. Waterproof material suitable for this
purpose can be made by mixing together about 3 cwt. of oxide of zinc, 1 cwt. of
a saturated solution of chloride of zinc prepared by adding zinc to ordinary
commercial hydrochloric acid until no more of it can be dissolved: 1 lb. of
sulphate of iron, 1 lb. of borax, and 1 lb. of salammoniac, these substances being
formed into a paste which is then applied in the usual manner on top of the coats
of the second composition or it can also be applied direct to brickwork. It is
important, in order to obtain a successful result, that the waterproof composition
should be prepared exactly as described and that no water should on any account
be added to the ingredients mentioned. To cheapen this waterproof material, dry
sand may be added thereto in varying proportions of from 50 to 100 parts by
weight of sand to 100 parts by weight of the waterproof material.
Artificial stone can, if desired, be made of the waterproof material above
described; the waterproof material also readily adheres to any substance, to
which it is applied and forms a waterproof coating thereto.
When it is desired that the finishing coat shall be coloured, a suitable colouring
agent can be mixed with the other ingredients, forming the second composition, or
the waterproof material applied thereto.
Should the bricks to which either of my compositions is to be applied be
supposed to contain salts, such as chloride of sodium or sulphate of soda, which
would naturally, by the action of moisture, be dissolved from the bricks and
destroy the face of the plastering by forming a crystalline efflorescence on the
surface thereof, I apply either to the surface of the bricks, or to that of the first
coat or base of the composition put on the walls, a coating of chloride of barium
dissolved in water in. the proportion of about 1 pound of chloride of barium to
1 gallon of water; the solution can be applied with a brush in the same manner as
distemper. Or in lieu of this solution there can be used, in the same way, a
solution prepared by mixing together about 2 pounds of pure asphaltum, 1 ounce
of Burgundy pitch, ounce of hard paraffin, and a gallon of petroleum having a
specific gravity of about 0-825 at 15° C., the several ingredients being allowed to
remain together in a suitable vessel for about a week, during which time they are
frequently agitated, and after which the clear liquid is decanted from the
undissolved matter and is then ready for use.
It is to be understood that I do not limit myself to the proportions of the several
ingredients hereinbefore mentioned as the same can be varied without departing
from the essential features of my invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The manufacture of the herein described plastic composition consisting of
glue, water, boiled linseed oil, hydrochloric and sulphuric acid (or compounds
thereof), aud plaster of Paris, substantially as described, with or without a coloring
agent.
2. The manufacture substantially as herein described of the composition referred
to in the preceding claim.
3. The manufacture of the herein described dry composition consisting of glue,
boiled linseed oil, hydrochloric and sulphuric acids (or compounds thereof)
plaster of Paris and lime, substantially as described with or without a coloring
agent.
4. The manufacture substantially as herein described of the dry composition
referred to in the preceding claim.
5. The manufacture of the herein described waterproof building composition
consisting of oxide of zinc, chloride of zinc, sulphate of iron, borax and
salammoniac, substantially as described.
6. The manufacture of the herein described liquid building composition
consisting of asphaltum, Burgundy pitch, paraffin and petroleum, substantially as
herein described for the purpose specified.
Dated this 7th day of May 1896.
Dated this 7th day of May 1896
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.