AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TESTING THE QUALITY OF MILK, EXTRACTS, PIGMENTS, POWDERS, AND OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Tinker, of Haarlem, Holland, now
residing at 47, St. Paul's Churchyard, in the City of London, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TESTING THE QUALITY
OF MILK, EXTRACTS, PIGMENTS, POWDERS, AND OTHER MATTERS."-A com-
munication from abroad by Dr. Jan Thomas Munnich, of Haarlem,
Holland.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Tinker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th July 1874.
:
I, WILLIAM TINKER, of Haarlem, Holland, now residing at 47,
St. Paul's Churchyard, in the City of London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TESTING THE
QUALITY OF MILK, EXTRACTS, PIGMENTS, POWDERS, AND OTHER MATTERS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention, as communicated to me from abroad, consists of an
instrument constructed in the following manner, viz., of two perfectly

page_text: plane pieces of good glass, the dimensions of which by preference are
about a quarter of an inch thick, two inches wide, and twelve inches
long, fitted into a box or receptacle. One of the above glasses is to be
engraved or have a printed or written paper with lotters, lines, or figures
marked thereon, or pasted on its under side, the two picces of glass 5
being cemented-in-a-box-of-similar size, but about three-quarters of an
inch deep. The letters, lines, or figures must be distinctly visible
through the glass; the box is to be placed upon a table or other level or
nearly level support.
In order to test a sample of any, substance, say milk, the test sample 1
is to be diluted with, say, three parts of pure water, which is to be
shaken well together. A small portion of this diluted milk, if milk is
to be tested, is to be poured upon the under glass in the box; the upper
glass, which has been adjusted to a certain angle, is then to be placed
carefully on the under glass in the box; the space between the two 1
glasses, which is now filled with the diluted milk or other test sample,
will have acquired the form of a wedge, and by looking through the
glasses at the end where they are in contact the characters may' bo
distinctly read under the bottom or lower glass, and to a certain extent
at the other end of the instrument. Now according to the quality of 2
the test sample of milk so will the characters written or engraved be
visibló or invisible until the last figure that can be distinctly read is
reached by the eye, which will give very nearly the per-centage-of-pure-
milk contained in the sample, the purity of which is determined by the
quantity of butter it contains, the per-centage. of which may be very 2
accurately determined by this instrument, the graduated scale of lines or
figuros being first accurately arranged.
In like manner tests of the qualitics of coloring matters, pigments,
extracts; powders, and-other-like-materials-may-bo-made-by--diluting
them with water and placing them on the under glass of this instrument, 3
a graduated.-printed scale, being made conformablo to the substanco-to
be tested.
A modification of the abovo instrument may bo mado, which is called
the "pocket milk tester," easily carried in the pocket, and is sufficiently
operative to detect the adulteration of milk, if not to give the exact per-
centage of value. This instrument is also made with two plane glasses
in a box with an inscription under the bottom glass, but the glasses aro
3

page_text: adjusted parallel to each other at a proper distance apart, so that when
good milk (diluted) is put into this instrument the inscription will be
barely legible, but when the milk has been adulterated the characters
will be plainly legible.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Tinker in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
TINKER, of Haarlem, Holland, now residing at 47, St. Paul's Churchyard,
in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Tinker, Her special license that I,
the said William Tinker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said William Tinker, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TESTING
THE QUALITY OF MILK, EXTRACTS, PIGMENTS, POWDERS, AND OTHER MATTERS,” a
communication to me from abroad by Dr. Jan Thomas Munnich, of
Haarlem, Holland, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Tinker, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly-describe-and-ascertain-the-nature-of-the-said-Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Tinker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention, as communicated to mo from abroad, consists of an
instrument constructed in the following manner, viz., of two perfectly
plane pieces of good glass, the dimensions of which by preference are
about a quarter of an inch thick, two inches wide, and twelve inches
long fitted into a box or receptacle. One of the above glasses is to be
engraved or have a printed or written paper with letters, lines, or figures
-marked thereon, or pasted on its under side, the two pieces of glass
being cemented in a box of similar size, but about three-quarters of an
]
inch deep. The letters, lines, or figures must be distinctly visible through
the glass; the box is to be placed upon a table or other level or nearly
level support.
In order to test a sample of any substance, say milk, the test sample
is to be diluted with, say, three parts of pure water, which is to be 1
shaken well together. A small portion of this diluted milk, if milk is
to be tested, is to be poured upon the under glass in the box; the upper
glass, which has been adjusted to a certain angle, is then to be placed
carefully on the under glass in the box; the space between the two
glasses, which is now filled with the diluted milk or other test sample,
will have acquired the form of a wedge, and by looking through the
glasses at the end where they are in contact the characters may be
distinctly read under the bottom or lower glass, and to a certain extent
at the other end of the instrument. Now according to the quality of
the test sample of milk so will the characters written or engraved be a
visible or invisible, until the last figure that can be distinctly read is
reached by the eye, which will give very nearly the per-centage of pure
milk contained in the sample, the purity of which is determined by the
quantity of butter it contains, the per-centage of which may be very
accurately determined by this instrument, the graduated scale of lines or
figures being first accurately arranged.
In like manner tests of the qualitics of coloring matters, pigments,
extracts, powders, and other like materials may be made by diluting
them with water and placing them on the under glass of this instrument,
a graduated printed scale being made conformable to the substance to be a
tested.
A modification of the above instrument may be made, which is called

page_text: operative to detect the adulteration of milk, if not to give the exact per-
centage of value. This instrument is also made with two plane glasses
in a box with an inscription under the bottom glass, but the glasses are
adjusted parallel to each other at a proper distance apart, so that when
good milk (diluted) is put into this instrument the inscription will be
barely legible, but when the milk has been adulterated the characters