IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR GRANULATING AND PULVERIZING GRAIN AND SEEDS DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION
Year: 1878

page_text: En iye jblatter of Letters Patent granted to ANDREAS MECHWART, Of the
Firm of Messrs. Ganz and Company, of Buda Pesth, in the Kingdom of
Hungary, Engineers, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR
GRANULATING AND PULVERIZING GRAIN AND SEEDS," bearing date the
Eleventh day of February, One thousand eight hundred and seventy
eight, No. 563.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION of parts of the
Specification of the said Patent proposed to be entered by the said Andreas
Mechwart.
WHEREAS since the filing of the Specification of the said Patent I have been
advised that the first claim does not so clearly distinguish the parts of the mechanism
which constitute my improvements as might be desired; and further, that it is not
desirable to retain either the second claim by reason of its want of novelty, or the
fourth claim as it is doubtful whether the Invention therein claimed is the proper
subject matter for a Patent:
I, the said Andreas Mechwart, am therefore desirous of amending my said Specifi-
cation by striking out some portions of the description and by inserting a Disclaimer
to certain parts of the machinery necessarily shown in the Drawings and referred
to in the description thereof; and also to Disclaim the second claim and the
Drawing to which it refers, and also the fourth claim. And I am further desirous
of correcting some clerical and other errors in the body of the Specification to
render my meaning more intelligible.
I therefore for the reasons aforesaid amend my Specification as follows :-
In the printed copy of the Specification at page 3, line 8, I strike out the words
"and consists as will be seen," and commence a new sentence with the word "By."
In line 10 I strike out the words "in plan view" and "in fitting," and insert in
lieu thereof the words "it will be seen that A is." In line 11 I strike out the
reference letter "A" and insert the word "fitted." In line 28 after the word
"other" I insert the word "pressure." At line 47 I strike out the word "bearing."

page_text: At page 4, line 22, after the word " traverse " I insert the word "past." From the
same page I strike out the paragraphs commencing with line 50 and ending with
line 54 inclusive.
In the preamble to the claims I insert at the line 56 after the word " performed"
the following Disclaimer, viz." I wish it to be understood that I lay no claim
" to the mounting of three rollers in a mill in such manner as to act like two pairs;
"neither do I claim as part of my Invention the means described for conveying to
"such rollers a second feed through the delivery from the top and middle rollers;
"nor do I claim the application of retaining rings to rollers except when such rings
"are used in combination with tension mechanism for varying their pressure but."
At page 5 I strike out the whole of the second and fourth claims, and I change the
word "Thirdly" at line 5 to "Secondly," after which the Specification will read as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery used for granulating and
pulverizing grain and seeds. By reference to the annexed Drawings Figures 1, 2,
and 3, Sheet 4, and Figure 4a, Sheet 5, it will be seen that A is a roller fitted in
fixed bearings, against which two swinging rollers B, B1, are caused to oscillate on
the bolts e, e, one below and the other above the said fixed roller.
The three rollers are so placed that the vertical plane traversing the axis of the
fixed roller will not coincide with that traversing the axis of the two swinging
rollers.
The bearings are so arranged that the rollers may be removed separately and
without the necessity of taking any other portion of the machinery to pieces.
In order to cause the swing rollers B, B', to exert the necessary pressure on the
middle roller A without transmitting that pressure to the bearings their shafts
carry on either side of the frame Ca small ring or roller D, on which a large hoop E
is sprung so as to embrace the two rings or rollers D, D, with the requisite pressure,
while they cause the hoop E to revolve by their rotation.
In some cases, instead of allowing the hoop to press directly on the rings, it may
be found preferable to insert india rubber or similar rings x, Figure 6, Plate 2,
which would increase the elasticity of the mechanism.
The pressure may be varied or regulated in a variety of ways. Plate 1 illus-
trates two means; in the first the pressure exerted by the ring is supplemented by
other pressure exerted through the bearings by the levers n, which turning on the
bolts x, x, press with their short arms against the bearings of the exterior roller,
when the nuts of the bolts m, the collar of which pinches a set of steel springs
between itself and one of the long lever arms n, n, are drawn up sufficiently to cause
the said springs to thrust those lever arms n, n, apart. The lever arms n, n, are
thickened at their extremity to form balance weights to the weight proper of the
outer or swinging rollers.
In order to increase or vary the ring pressure itself another friction roller u is
inserted, which may be caused to draw the ring to one side, viz., the two exterior
rollers together by a lever and compressed spring arrangement y.
In the preceding arrangement there is still a proportion of the ring pressure or
that of the levers n, n, thrust on the bearings.
Plate 4 illustrates an arrangement, by means of which all the pressures exerted
on the rollers are resolved within the ring, the surfaces which transmit the pressures
one to the other being made to roll one upon another, and hence no power is lost
through friction. Here the middle roller axle is furnished also with friction wheels d,
between which and the steel ring E a fourth friction roller u is inserted, that
centres on a bolt projecting from a toothed sector z centred or rather pivotted on
the middle roller axle, and gearing into a worm q which adjusts the position of the
friction wheel u around the middle roller axle, and since the ring centre does not
coincide with the axis of this roller it determines the excentricity of the ring,
which again regulates the pressure exerted on the outer rollers or friction
wheels D, D.

page_text: In order to provide a means for adjusting the pressure simultaneously on both
sides of the machine the bolt e, on which the upper swinging roller oscillates, is
cranked so that when the lever G is moved upwards the axis of oscillation is
advanced, and since the friction wheels u on each side of the machine hold the
rings from following the pressure exerted by the ring is again increased, but in this
case, as previously stated, simultaneously on both sides.
In order to counterbalance the weight proper of the lower swing roller B¹ two
balance levers H are made to press against the bearings of the said roller, with
counterweights I attached at their opposite ends, as shewn in Figures 1 and 3,
Sheet 4.
In some cases the pressure exerted may not be sufficient to cause the hoops to
revolve. Under these circumstances it would be advisable to form one half of the
ring or rollers D and of the hoop E with cogs, see Figure 7, Plate 5.
From the above description it will be seen that the three rollers act like two
pairs. The feed may either pass between the top and middle roller B and A, and
then between the middle and the lower roller A and B¹, as in Figure 1, Plate 1,
thus being crushed twice, or half the feed may pass through the top and middle
roller, and the other half through the middle and lower roller, as in Figure 2, Plate 1,
and Figure 3, Plate 4. In the latter case the feed falling from the feed roller J is
delivered on to an inclined board K having perforations L, which allow one half of
the feed to fall on to another inclined board M, and the other half on to another
inclined board N.
The board M feeds the upper and middle rollers, the board N the middle and
lower rollers.
In order to allow the crushed goods from the upper and middle roller to traverse
past the feed conducted to the middle and lower roller without mixing, a prismatic
casting of the same length as the roller is interposed, having alternate passages at
right angles to each other. This casting also serves as a scraper for the middle
roller, and is shewn in detail on Plate 2, Figure 4.
Other arrangements may be adopted to effect the same object, as, for instance,
a cast or sheet iron hopper embracing a portion of the periphery of the middle
roller, and conducting the crushed goods or meal to side spouts may be adopted, the
second half of the feed being led onto the lower swing roller by an inclined board
between the bifurcation of the hopper, see Figure 5, Plate 2.
For crushing wheat or wheat produce into flour it is preferable to use smooth
rollers.
For, the production of semolina or middlings from grain it is however more
advantageous to groove the rollers (which are made of chilled cast iron) either
parallel to their axis or helically; the form of grooving is illustrated in Figures 9
and 9a, Plate 5.
I am aware that grooved rollers have been used for this purpose made of steel
and of plain cast iron, but it has been found that these metals and other materials
that have been hitherto employed for the purpose have been unable to withstand
the great wear and tear to which they are subjected.
By the employment of chilled cast iron the use of grooved rollers will be practi-
cable, as they will preserve their edges, which produce the required granulation.
The grain or seed to be granulated is fed into the hopper P at the top of the
machine, and after passing through the rollers is received as meal in the lower
hopper Q, from which it can be led where desired.
The machine is driven through the pulley R by a strap from a prime mover,
and a band connecting the two pullies S and T imparts motion to the feed
roller J.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I lay no claim to the
mounting of three rollers in a mill in such manner as to act like two pairs, neither
do I claim as part of my Invention the means described for conveying to such
rollers a second feed through the delivery from the top and middle rollers, nor do

page_text: I claim the application of retaining rings to rollers except when such rings are used
in combination with tension mechanism for varying their pressure, but I declare
that I claim,
:
First. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting my
improvements in machinery used for granulating and pulverizing grain and
seeds, as hereinbefore described and substantially as shewn in Sheet I. of the
annexed Drawings.
:
Secondly. I claim the modification shewn in Sheet IV.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andreas Mechwart, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of February, One thousand eight hundred and
eighty
ANDREAS MECHWART. (L.S.)
I hereby certify the above to be the signature
of Andreas Mechwart,
AUDLEY GOSLING,
Her Britannic Majesty's Consul General in Hungary,
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above named Andreas Mechwart to
file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same 20
relates, the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
JOHN HOLKER,
Attorney-General

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andreas Mech wart, of the Firm Messrs. Ganz and
Company, of Buda Pesth, in the Kingdom of Hungary, Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN, MACHINERY USED FOR GRANULATING AND
PULVERIZING GRAIN AND SEEDS."
Sealed the 2nd April 1878, and dated the 11th February 1878,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andreas Mechwart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1878.
ANDREAS MECHWART, of the Firm Messrs. Ganz and Company, of Buda Pesth,
in the Kingdom of Hungary, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED
FOR GRANULATING AND PULVERIZING GRAIN AND SEEDS."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery used for granulating and
pulverizing grain and seeds, and consists in fitting a roller in fixed bearings,
against which two swinging rollers are caused to oscillate, one below and the other
above the said fixed roller.
The three rollers are so placed that the vertical plane traversing the axis of
the fixed roller will not coincide with that traversing the axis of the two swinging
rollers.
The bearings are so arranged that the rollers may be removed separately
and without the necessity of taking any other portion of the machinery to
pieces.
In order to cause the swing rollers to exert the necessary pressure on the middle
roller without transmitting that pressure to the bearings, their shafts carry on either
side of the frame a small ring, on which a large hoop is sprung so as to embrace
the two rings with the requisite pressure while they cause the hoop to revolve by
their rotation.
When necessary the pressure exerted by the inherent elasticity of the hoop may
be increased by causing a pulley, suspended from an oscillating lever, to bear against
the inside face of the hoop with a pressure determined by the compression of a
coiled or other spring or weight at the opposite end of the lever.

page_text: f
In some cases instead of allowing the hoop to press directly on the rings it may
be found preferable to insert india-rubber or similar rings which would increase the
elasticity of the mechanism.
In order to counterbalance the weight proper of the swing rollers two balance
levers are made to press against the bearings of those rollers with counterweights
attached at their opposite ends, which are pressed apart by adjustable coiled or
similar springs.
In some cases the pressure exerted may not be sufficient to cause the hoops to
revolve. Under these circumstances it would be advisable to form one half of
the rings and of the hoop with cogs.
From the above description it will be seen that the three rollers act like two
pairs. The feed may either pass between the top and middle roller and then
between the middle and lower roller, thus being crushed twice; or half the feed
may pass through the top and middle roller, and the other half through
the middle and lower roller. In the latter case the feed falling from the
feed roller is delivered on to an inclined board having perforations which allow
one half of the feed to fall on to another inclined board. The first board feeds
the upper and middle rollers; the second, the middle and lower rollers.
In order to allow the crushed goods from the upper and middle roller to
traverse the feed conducted to the middle and lower roller without mixing, a
prismatic casting of the same length as the roller is interposed, having alternate
passages at right angles to each other. This casting also serves as a scraper
for the middle roller.
:J.
蒙
Other arrangements may be adopted to effect the same, as for instance, a cast or
sheet-iron hopper, embracing a portion of the periphery of the middle roller, and
conducting the crushed goods or meal to side spouts may be adopted, the second
half of the feed being led on to the lower swing roller by an inclined board between
the bifurcation of the hopper...
For crushing wheat or wheat produce into flour it is preferable to use smooth
rollers.
For the production of semolina or middlings from grain it is however more
advantageous to groove the rollers, which are made of chilled cast iron, either
parallel to their axis or helically.
I am aware that grooved rollers have been used for this purpose made of steel
and of plain cast iron, but it has been found that these and other metals and other
materials that have been hitherto employed for the purpose. have been unable to
withstand the great wear and tear to which they are subjected.
By the employment of chilled cast iron the use of grooved rollers will be practicable,
as they will preserve their edges which produce the required granulation.
I may, of course, vary the general arrangement from that above described
without departing from the nature of my Invention.
One such modification consists in placing two sets of three rollers as above
in one frame, having their driving arrangements on opposite sides of the frame.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said Andreas Mechwart in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th September 1878.
ANDREAS MECHWART, of the Firm Messrs. Ganz and Company, of Buda Pesth,
in the Kingdom of Hungary, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED
FOR GRANULATING AND PULVERIZING GRAIN AND SEEDS."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery used for granulating and
pulverizing grain and seeds, and consists, as will be seen by reference to the annexed
Drawings,―
Figures 1, 2, & 3, Sheet 4, and in plan view, Figure 4a, Sheet 5, in fitting a
roller A in fixed bearings against which two swinging rollers B, B', are caused to
oscillate on the bolts e, e, one below and the other above the said fixed roller.
The three rollers are so placed that the vertical plane traversing the axis of
the fixed roller will not coincide with that traversing the axis of the two swinging
rollers.
The bearings are so arranged that the rollers may be removed separately.
and without the necessity of taking any other portion of the machinery to
pieces.
In order to cause the swing rollers B, B¹, to exert the necessary pressure on the
the middle roller A without transmitting that pressure to the bearings their shafts
carry on either side of the frame C a small ring or roller D, on which a large hoop
E is sprung so as to embrace the two rings or rollers D, D, with the requisite
pressure while they cause the hoop E to revolve by their rotation.
In some cases instead of allowing the hoop to press directly on the rings it may
be found preferable to insert india-rubber or similar rings x, Figure 6, Sheet 2,
which would increase the elasticity of the mechanism.
:
The pressure may be varied or regulated in a variety of ways. Plate 1 illustrates.
two means; in the first, the pressure exerted by the ring is supplemented by other
exerted through the bearings by the levers n, which, turning on the bolts a, a, press
with their short arms against the bearings of the exterior roller, when the nuts of
the bolts m, the collar of which pinches a set of steel springs between itself
and one of the long lever arms n, n, are drawn up sufficiently to cause the said
springs to thrust those lever arms n, n, apart. The lever arms n, n, are thickened
at their extremity to form balance weights to the weight proper of the outer or:
swinging rollers.
.
In order to increase or vary the ring pressure itself another friction roller u is
inserted, which may be caused to draw the ring to one side, viz., the two exterior.
rollers together by a lever and compressed spring arrangement y.
In the preceeding arrangement there is still a proportion of the ring pressure on
that of the levers n, n, thrust on the bearings.
Plate 4 illustrates an arrangement by means of which all the pressures exerted
on the rollers are resolved within the ring, the surfaces which transmit the pressures
one to the other being made to roll one upon another, and hence no power is lost
through friction. Here the middle roller axle is furnished also with friction
wheels d, between which and the steel ring E a fourth friction roller u is
inserted, that centres on a bolt projecting from a toothed sector 2, centred, or.:
rather pivotted on the middle roller axle bearing and gearing into a worm g
which adjusts the position of the friction wheel u, around the middle roller
axle, and since the ring centre does not coincide with the axis of this roller it
determines the excentricity of the ring which again regulates the pressure exerted
on the outer rollers or friction wheels D, D.
In order to provide a means for adjusting the pressure simultaneously on both
sides of the machine the bolt e, on which the upper swinging roller oscillates;
is cranked, so that when the lever G is moved upwards the axis of oscillation

page_text: is advanced, and since the friction wheels u on each side of the machine hold
the rings from following, the pressure exerted by the ring is again increased, but
in this case, as previously stated, simultaneously on both sides.
In order to counterbalance the weight proper of the lower swing roller B' two
balance levers H are made to press against the bearings of the said roller with
counterweights I attached at their opposite ends, as shown in Figures 1 and 3,
Sheet 4.
In some cases the pressure exerted may not be sufficient to cause the hoops
to revolve. Under these circumstances it would be advisable to form one half
of the rings or rollers D and of the hoop E with cogs, see Figure 7, plate 5.
From the above description it will be seen that the three rollers act like two
pairs. The feed may either pass between the top and middle roller B and A, and
then between the middle and the lower roller A and B', as in Figure 1, plate 1,
thus being crushed twice, or half the feed may pass through the top and middle
roller, and the other half through the middle and lower roller, as in Figure 2,
plate 1, and Figure 3, plate 4. In the latter case the feed falling from the feed
roller J is delivered on to an inclined board K, having perforations L, which allow
one half of the feed to fall on to another inclined board M, and the other half on to
another inclined board N.
A
.The board M feeds the upper and middle rollers; the board N, the middle and
lower rollers.
In order to allow the crushed goods from the upper and middle roller to traverse
the feed conducted to the middle and lower roller without mixing, a prismatic
casting of the same length as the roller is interposed, having alternate passages at
right angles to each other. This casting also serves as a scraper for the middle
roller, and is shown in detail on plate 2, Figure 4.
-
Other arrangements may be adopted to effect the same object, as for instance, a
cast or sheet iron hopper embracing a portion of the periphery of the middle roller
and conducting the crushed goods or meal to side spouts may be adopted, the
second half of the feed being led on to the lower swing roller by an inclined board
between the bifurcation of the hopper, see Figure 5, plate 2.
For crushing wheat or wheat produce into flour it is preferable to use smoothi
rollers.
For the production of semolina or middlings from grain it is however more
advantageous to groove the rollers (which are made of chilled cast iron) either:
parallel to their axis or helically; the form of grooving is illustrated in Figures 9
and 9a, plate 5.
I am aware that grooved rollers have been used for this purpose made of steel
and of plain cast iron, but it has been found that these metals and other materials
that have been hitherto employed for the purpose have been unable to withstand 4
the great wear and tear to which they are subjected.
By the employment of chilled cast iron the use of grooved rollers will be
practicable, as they will preserve their edges which produce the required
granulation.
The grain or seed to be granulated is fed into the hopper P at the top of the 4
machine, and after passing through the rollers is received as meal in the lower.
hopper Q, from which it can be led where desired.
The machine is driven through the pulley R by a strap from a prime mover,
and band connecting the two pullies S and T imparts motion to the feed roller J.
I may, of course, vary the general arrangement from that above described without 5
departing from the nature of my Invention.
One such modification consists in placing two sets of three rollers as above
in one frame, having their driving arrangements on opposite sides of the frame,.
see plate 3.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner 5
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting my.

page_text: improvements in machinery used for granulating and pulverizing grain and
seeds, as herein-before described, and substantially as shown in Sheet 1 of the
annexed Drawings.
Secondly. I claim the modification shown in Sheet 3.
Thirdly. I claim the modification shown in Sheet 4.
Fourthly. I claim the employment of chilled cast-iron grooved rollers, as shown
in Figure 9, Sheet 2, for the purposes set forth..
In witness whereof, I, the said Andreas Mechwart, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-eight.
.
ANDREAS MECHWART. (L.S.)