IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINES FOR CALENDERING
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1882. Communicated to
him from abroad by Messieurs Westphal Brothers of Berlin in the German
Empire
"2
PETER JENSEN of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES FOR CALENDERING (A Communication to me from abroad by
Messieurs Westphal Brothers of Berlin in the German Empire)
Machines constructed according to this invention are intended for calendering
paper textile fabrics and other surfaces and produce a smoother or more polished
face than calendering machines heretofore used and with the expenditure of much
less power.
The machine consists mainly of revolving conveying rollers of glass or other hard
material over which the paper or other material is passed tightly stretched, while
in a direction across that of the motion of the paper and in defined position
against conveying rollers other rollers or cylinders of glass or other hard material
are moved under pressure and produce the required calendering or smoothing or
polish. These glass cylinders which are hollow, for cooling purposes are so
constructed that their position may, or may not be changed while in motion, they
may during the calendering be turned and moved axially in such a manner that
by degrees they offer to the paper another part of their surface and lastly they may
be constructed in such a manner that they can be thrown out of gear as desired,
if a bad place in the paper should give occasion for damaging the paper from the
smoothing action of the cylinders. The machine is suitably so constructed that
several rolls of paper or materials may be calendered since thereby is attained that
the weight of all moved parts is turned to account for the production of the
necessary pressure, a greater efficiency being also attained.
A scraping and brushing arrangement may be combined with the machine which
removes any elevations and dirt from the paper beforehand.
The material which is to be calendered is carried over rollers these rollers may
suitably be of glass or coated with glass. The calendering appliances consist of
short rollers or cylinders which have their axes in the direction of the travel of the
LD J 1

page_text: material and are mounted in holders which are on a longitudinal bar or beam
situated above the machine and fixed on a frame. The latter obtains by means of
a connecting rod or oscillating lever a reciprocating motion in a direction across
that of the motion of the material and will thus with the small calendering
cylinders pass over the material, that is at the places where it passes over the
conveying rollers and so that the whole weight of the reciprocating frame and the
parts connected thereto is utilized for giving the required smoothing or calendering
pressure.
The calendering cylinders or rollers are hollow so that the air may circulate
through them and cool then; they are also mounted in their holders in such
manner as to yield when meeting uneven places in the paper or other material;
they are vertical or slanting to the conveying rollers and may act on the paper in
a straight or slanting direction. In the latter case the mounting of the calendering
rollers must be connected with the holders by means of joint pins, a slanting guide
causes the holder and its calendering roller to swing on its pivots by the back and
forth movements of the frame.
A calendering roller guided in this manner will thus produce a slanting action
while the fixed calendering rollers will produce a straight action; by the two actions
as it were crossing each other any streaky parts that might be produced by the
one will be taken out by the other; they may be combined as desired in order to
give the material a perfectly smooth face.
The mode of mounting these rollers in their holders is as follows. The hollow
roller is so fixed on its spindle that the air can circulate through it; the spindle is
free to turn in a fork which is jointed to a rod; this latter is guided in the holder
which is a double angle or U frame consisting of a fixed angle piece which can
turn on a pivot on the aforesaid beam and a leg which is jointed to the lower part
of the fixed angle piece; the same joint pin serves for the attachment of a lever
which at one end is connected to a screw this latter is screwed into a ferrule
which is free to turn on the aforesaid beain
In this manner the lever is supported and it also supports the jointed leg of.
the U frame. On the aforesaid rod and between the legs of the latter there is a
helical spring the pressure of which against the calendering roller can be adjusted
by the aforesaid screw or be quite removed when for instance a large unevenness or
bad place occurs in the material; to remove the pressure the end of the lever is
depressed, this may be done by turning the screwed ferrule or nut which for this
purpose is formed with two short spokes or handles of which one or the other
when the movable frame for all the roller holders comes to the end of its move-
ment is pushed against a slide valve like stop appliance, that is against the fixed
or face part of the same thus causing the screwed ferrule or nut to turn in one
direction or the other; if the movable grid part of the slide is put in its middle
position the nut will not be moved; by thus adjusting the slide the nut nray obtain
the desired motion. The fixed or face part of the slide is fixed on the framing of
the machine and the adjustment is done by hand.
In order to let different parts of the surface of the roller come into action it is
advantageous to give it a slight turn at the end of each motion, for this purpose
its spindle carries a small pawl wheel having a spring pawl which keeps it from
turning the laterally bent end of the pawl strikes against a stop on the machine
framing toward the end of each motion or stroke of the reciprocating frame thus
for a moment lifting the pawl out of gear so that the calendering roller by its
friction against the material is caused to turn slightly, until the pawl drops into
gear with its wheel again; in the return stroke the end of the pawl bends and
glides over the stop. By a nut on the screwed end of the roller spindle an axial
adjustment may also be effected.
One or other of the rollers may be guided over the material in the same or
opposite direction of its motion, so that its frictional or smoothing action may be
decreased or increased.

page_text: According to a modification the holder may be provided with two arms which
slide on two oppositely inclined bars.
The reciprocating frame is guided by glass rollers so as to produce as little
friction as possible.
After each calendering motion the material is drawn forward a little by draw
rollers while it is held taut on the supply roller by a brake. The number of the
conveying or guiding rollers may be varied as required.