Improvements in Printing Telegraphs.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 9th May, 1899-Accepted, 5th Dec., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Printing Telegraphs.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(a communication to me from John Richard Tucker, Machinist, and Charles
Clifford Hinckley, Machinist, both of 393, La Salle Street, Aurora, Illinois, and
Kirk Himrod, Inventor of 1624, Belmont Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, all in the
United States of America) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: —
The invention is based on the system of Baudot, wherein there are transmitted
for each character over a single wire a series of electrical impulses, generally five
in number, some negative and others positive, each character having a distinguish-
ing permutation of impulses. For instance, one character may be represented by
four negative impulses and one positive impulse, another by three negative
impulses and two positive impulses, a third by two negative impulses and three
positive impulses, a fourth by one negative impulse, two positive impulses and two
negative impulses, and so on. When each character is represented by five impulses,
it is obvious that thirty-one different combinations can be secured. The impulses,
being transmitted over the line from a suitable transmitter, act upon a suitable
selecting mechanism and adjust it so that the printing may be effected. The
improved system comprises, first, a transmitter which sends the impulses to the
line in the proper permutation; second, a relay-distributor which receives the
impulses and controls suitable local circuits for actuating the selectors; third, two
selectors operated successively from the relay-distributor and which select the proper
printing control magnets of the receiver; and fourth, a printing receiver, the
keys of which are selected and operated from the selectors.
The object principally, is to increase the speed of operation, and the communi-
cators therefore, use the following features:-
-
1. Instead of employing one set of pole-changers, arranged to be first set in the
proper permutation to represent a character and then to control the transmission of
the proper impulses, as in the Baudot telegraph, a number of sets of pole-changers
are employed adapted to be successively operated by the keys. The operation of
each set of pole-changers puts them in position to send to the line impulses cor-
responding to a character or letter. After each set of pole-changers is operated,
the impulses which such pole-changers represent are sent to line, and after each
set of pole-changers has been thus connected to the line the pole-changers are
reset, while preceding sets are being operated. The operator, therefore, is engaged
only in successively operating the several sets of pole-changers the impulses being
sent to line automatically and the pole-changers being restored after they have sent
such impulses to the line. The entire time of the line is thus occupied, whereas
if only a single set of pole-changers were used, as suggested by Baudot, the said
pole-changers would have to be first set, then connected to the line, and then
restored, before a new character could be transmitted. With the present improve-
iment, while one set of pole-changers is being restored, another set is being con-
nected to the line and a third set is being placed in position for a succeeding
character.

page_text: 2. A motor is used to operate the transmitter keys, so that the operator is
required only to operate the controlling device of the motor. Ordinarily, the
operator is required to manually depress the keys, in order to actuate the pole-
changers, and this operation is not only comparatively sluggish but is fatiguing.
With the improved transmitter, a very slight pressure upon any key will result
in the operation of the controlling device for the motor, and the latter will then
immediately actuate the key to its full stroke.
3. The relay distributor is provided with cams for resetting the relay arma-
tures positively after they have responded to the line impulses. This operation
takes place very much more rapidly than if such armatures were restored by the
magnetic attraction, and hence the speed of transmission is materially increased.
4. Two selectors are employed in this system, instead of one as suggested by
Baudot, both of the selectors being connected to the receiver and being succes-
sively set from the distributor. When one selector is being set, the previous
letter is printed through the other selector, followed by the restoration of the
fatter. By thus operating one selector to choose the proper printing magnet,
while the printing magnet chosen by the other selector is being operated, the entire
time of the line at the receiving end is consumed. If only a single selector were
used, as suggested by Baudot, it would have to be first set, the printing then
effected through it, and it would have to be finally restored, which would neces-
sitate the cessation of line impulses during the printing and restoration. But with
this improvement, since the setting of one selector takes place while the printing
is effected through the other selector and the latter is being restored, the line
impulses can be transmitted over the line continuously.
5. A motor is used to operate the keys of the receiver, so that the printing
magnets perform simply a selecting operation. In this way, the operation of the
receiver is very much more rapid than if the printing magnets were relied upon
to actually effect the printing operation.
In the drawings,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the transmitter, showing two type-
writer keys, one of them being depressed, the motor being shown in position ready
to operate;
Figure 2, a perspective view of the circuit-breaker for the controlling magnet
of tho motor;
Figure 3, a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1;
Figure 4, a plan of the transmitter with the type-writer removed;
Figure 5, an enlarged section through the pole-changer casing;
Figure 6, a section on the line 66 of Figure 5, showing the pole-changer
casing in plan;
Figure 7, a diagram of the transmitter circuits;
Figure 8, a diagram of the motor-control circuits;
Figure 9, a plan of the relay-distributor;
Figure 10, a longitudinal section through the same;
Figure 11, a front view of the same;
Figure 12, a diagram of the distributor circuits and cams;
Figure 13, a vertical section through one selector :
Figure 14, a plan view thereof;
Figure 15, a perspective view, showing the bottom face of the upper disk and
the top face of the second disk of the selector ;
Figure 16, a similar view, showing the bottom face of the second disk and the
top face of the third disk;
Figure 17, a similar view, showing the bottom face of the third disk and the
top face of the fourth disk;
Figure 18, a similar view, showing the bottom face of the fourth disk and the
top face of the fifth disk:
Figure 19. a similar view, showing the bottom face of the fifth disk and the
top face of the sixth disk;

page_text: Sing broken away;
Figure 21, a diagram of the receiver circuits, the two selectors and' the
distributor;
Figure 22, a detail view of one of the printing keys of the receiver and its
coöperating parts, on a slightly enlarged scale; and
Figure 23, a section through the pressure cylinder and valve chest of the
receiver motor.
TRANSMITTER.
Referring to Figures 1 to 8 inclusive, showing the transmitter, 1 represent the
transmitter keys arranged side by side in a horizontal bank and pivoted. at their
rear ends. 2 represent typewriter keys, arranged in a.corresponding bank over
the transmitter keys. A hook 3 depends from each typewriter key and coöperates
with the inclined front edge of the corresponding transmitter key. By depressing
any one of the typewriter keys, the corresponding hook thereof, in sliding down
the incline of the transmitter key, will be moved forward slightly, as shown. in
dotted lines in Figure 1. 4 is a walking-beam, which is arranged to engage any
one of the hooks which may be thrown out in this position, but which will clear
the other hooks. 5 represents a pressure cylinder located beneath the walking-,
beam, the piston of said cylinder being connected to a lever 6 connected by a link
to said walking-beam. 7 represents a controlling. valve for. the cylinder 5, the
ports of said valve being so arranged that when the valve is in its upper position,
as shown in Figure 1, compressed air or other fluid under pressure may be admitted
to the cylinder 5 to force the piston thereof downwards and to thereby actuate the
walking-beam. The valve 7 connects with a lever 8 having an armature at its
free end, which is normally attracted by a magnet 9. When the armature. is
attracted, the valve 7 will be moved downwards to cut off the compressed air and
to connect the interior of the cylinder 5 with the atmosphere. When the magnet 9
is deënergized, a spring 10 elevates the valve 7, so as to connect the cylinder with
the compressed air. When the piston of the cylinder 5 descends, the free end of
the lever 6 engages a stop 11 which is connected to the valve, so as to pull the
valve downwards and restore the armature 8 again into contact with the magnet 9.
At the time of this restoration of the armature, the magnet 9 will be again
energized, so that the armature will be held in its attracted position.
Each typewriter key (see Figure 2) is mounted over a bar 12, which bears upon
a lever 13, so that when any key is depressed the said bar will be moved to swing
the lever 13 on its pivot. The lever 13 carries a hook 14 at its forward. end,
which engages a lever 15, the latter being normally depressed to hold two
springs 16, 16, into contact. These latter springs are in a normally closed.circuit
with the magnet through a battery, as shown in Figure 8. A stationary cam
surface 17 is employed, with which a pin carried on the hook 14 engages, so that
when any one of the keys 2 is depressed to move the lever 13 on its pivot, the
hook 14 will be elevated to allow the springs 16, 16 to separate, but immediately
after this movement the cam 17 will withdraw the hook 14 from the lever 15 to
allow the latter to snap back to its normal position to again close the circuit on
the magnet 9 through the contacts 16. Thus it will be seen that immediately
when one of the typewriter keys 2 is depressed, the circuit through the magnet y
at the springs 16 will be broken, allowing the spring 10 to move the valve 7
upwards and permitting the compressed air to operate the cylinder, but that
immediately after this the circuit through the magnet 9 at the springs 16 will be
again closed, giving the magnet opportunity to build up so as to hold the arma-
ture 8 when the latter is restored again into contact with said magnet by the
engagement of the free end of the lever with stop 11.
Located beneath the transmitter keys 1, are five notched plates 18. The notches
in these plates are so disposed that they are depressed in the proper sequence
according to the particular key, the arrangement of notches being shown in black

page_text: in Figure 4. For example, the notches in the plates 18 are so formed that when
one key is depressed the first four of said plates will be moved; when another key
is depressed, only three of said plates will be moved; when a third key is
depressed, the first and fourth plates will be moved, and so on. The notched
plates 18 work in guides 19, and are carried in swinging arms 20 at either end,
to give the proper parallel movement to said plates. The arms 20 are mounted
on rock-shafts, as shown, so that the plates 18 may be moved without cramping
by depressing any one of the transmitter keys, even when the depressed trans-
mitter key engages the extreme end of said plates. Each notched plate 18
carries a ring 21, as shown (see Figure 1), the several rings being arranged con-
centrically. Located beneath the rings 21, is a pole-changer casing 22, carrying
the pole-changer mechanism. 23 and 24 are two plates placed one above the
other, one connected to the positive pole of the main battery and the other to the
negative pole of the main battery, as above explained. Engaging in openings in
said plates are pole-changers 25, having shoulders 26 which normally engage the
upper plate 23 but which will engage the plate 24 when said pole-changers are
moved downwards. 27 are sleeves with which the lower ends of the pole-changers
are in constant engagement. Obviously, each pole-changer comprises simply a
movable plug, which can be depressed to connect the sleeve 27 either normally
with one pole of the main battery or when depressed with the other pole of the
main battery. 28 represent the segments of a sun-flower connected to the sleeves 27
of the several pole-changers. Eight sets of pole-changers are shown (see Figure 6),
each set comprising five pole-changers, so that obviously there are forty seg-
ments 28 for the sun-flower. Five successive segments of the sun-flower are,
therefore, connected in the proper order to the five sleeves 27 of one set of pole-
changers; the next five segments of the sun-flower are connected to the correspond-
ing sleeves of the next pole-changers, and so on. Light springs 29 are employed
to draw the pole-changers slightly to one side and thereby keep the shoulders 26
normally in contact with the plate 24, or to hold them in engagement with the
plate 24 when the said pole-changers are depressed.
30 is a vertical shaft mounted in the pole-changer casing, and 31 is a sleeve sur-
rounding the shaft. The shaft 30 is provided with two crown escapement-wheels
near its lower end, as shown. 32 is a gear for driving the sleeve 31, and 33 is a
pinion engaging with said gear and to which power is applied. The gear 32 is
engaged by a friction clutch 34 carried by the sleeve 31, so that the gear may
turn independently of the sleeve against the resistance of said clutch. 35 is a
spring which connects the said friction clutch with the shaft 30, so that as the
sleeve 31 rotates the spring 35 will be placed under tension and the shaft 30 will
be driven when the escapement mechanism thereof is operated. This escapement
is controlled by an escapement-pallet 36 (see Figure 1) connected by a link 37
with the lever 6. 38 is an arm carried by the upper end of the shaft 30, and
39 are five plungers carried by said arm and normally held in an elevated position
by means of springs. These plungers are carried by the arm in a plane between
the pole-changers and the rings 21, and at each feed movement of the shaft 30
the plungers 39 are brought into line immediately over one of the sets of pole-
changers, so that when any one or more of the rings 21 is depressed, a correspond-
ing number of pole-changers will be depressed through the intermediation of the
plungers 39. The sleeve 31 carries a trailing arm 40 at its upper end, and said
trailing arm is provided with a brush 41, which engages the sun-flower plates 28.
The said trailing arm also carries a brush 42, 'which is insulated from said arm
and which engages a continuous collecting ring 43 arranged outside of the sun-
flower plates 28 and insulated therefrom. 44 is a vibrating lever pivoted to the
end of the trailing arm 40 and having a contact 45, which engages the top of the
insulated brush 42. This vibrating lever 44 engages serrations 46 formed on a
ring outside of the collecting ring 43, so that as the collecting brush 41 passes the
gaps between the sun-flower plates the vibrating lever 44 will have been raised to
break the transmitter circuit between the contact 45 and the brush 42. Thus the

page_text: transmitter circuit is broken as the brush 41 passes the gaps between the sun-
flower plates; sparking is, therefore, prevented between said plates, and wear
is thus overcome.
The sleeve 31 carries an inclined restoring arm 47, which sweeps around beneath
the lower ends of the several sets of pole-changers and elevates any pole-changers
which may have been depressed, thus returning the pole-changers to their normal
positions. The position of this restoring arm is so proportioned that the restoration
effected by the same takes place after the sun-flowers have been connected to
the line.
In Figure 7, are illustrated two batteries 48 and 49, having a common ground,
one supplying current to the plates,23 and the other supplying current of the
opposite polarity to the plates 24. The several pole-changers are shown con-
nected to the sun-flower plates, as explained, but for purposes of clearness the
trailing arm 40 is illustrated as making contact directly with said plates, instead
of through the contacts 42 and 45, as explained. It will be observed that if the.
pole-changers are not operated, the arm 40 will send impulses of the same polarity
to the line, but that if any of said pole-changers are depressed, the arm 40 when
in contact with the corresponding sun-flower plates will send impulses of the
opposite polarity to the line.
RELAY-DISTRIBUTOR.
The relay-distributor is located at the receiving station, and its function is to
receive the line impulses and, through the intermediation of proper local circuits,
control the selecting mechanism. A base 101 is furnished at its forward end with
an arch 102. 103 and 104 are powerful permanent magnets, having poles 105,
which poles carry the two sets of coils 106 and 107. The poles 108 of these coils
are provided with down-turned ends 109 (see Figure 10). An armature 110,
pivoted at one end, works beneath and is attracted by the down-turned ends of the
pole-pieces of the coils 107. A similar pivoted armature 111 coöperates with and
Both of
is attracted by the down-turned ends of the pole-pieces of the coils 106.
these armatures, when released by the attraction, are pulled downwards by
springs 112, the lower ends of which are connected to bell-cranks 113 provided
with adjusting screws 114, the milled heads of these adjusting screws being locked
in any desired position by the pawls 115. It is obvious that by turning the adjust-
ing screws 114, the bell-cranks 113 may be moved pivotally to increase or decrease
the tension of the springs 112. The poles 108 of the two sets of coils are pivoted
as shown (see particularly Figures 9 and 10), and the position of these pole-
pieces with respect to the armatures 110, 111, is adjustable by means of adjusting
screws 116. 117, 117, are two insulated, adjustable contact screws, with which
the armatures 110 and 111 normally make contact, i.e., when said armatures are
elevated by the attraction of the coils 106 and 107. The contact 118 (see diagram,
Figure 12) is carried from an arm 119 beneath the armature 110, so that when
the coils 107 are neutralized by impulses of one polarity the spring 112 will depress
the armature 110 to make contact with the contact 118. The coils 106 and 107
are so wound that when an impulse of one polarity traverses both sets of coils, the
attraction of one of the permanent magnets 103 or 104 will be neutralized, allow-
ing one of the armatures to be depressed, while when an impulse of the opposite
polarity traverses both sets of coils, the other armature will be allowed to be
depressed.
127 is a
Mounted in bearings 120, is a shaft 121, made preferably in two parts insulated
from each other (see Figure 10) by means of a layer of insulating material 122.
125 are
123 is a sleeve loosely mounted on the shaft, having rims 124, 124.
friction disks carried with the shaft and engaging the rims 124, 124.
disk capable of longitudinal movement on the shaft 121, and which presses against
one of the friction disks 125 to force the latter against the adjacent rim 124 of the
sleeve 123 and to force the other rim of said sleeve against the other. friction
disk 125, which engages with a fixed collar 126 on the shaft 121. The disk 127

page_text: is forced into contact with its adjacent friction disk by means of a
spring 128.
This construction permits the shaft to be driven through friction from power
applied to the sleeve 123, but permits the sleeve to turn independently of the shaft
when rotation of the latter is arrested. 129 is a gear-wheel keyed to the sleeve 123,
and 130 is a pinion meshing with and driving said gear. The pinion 130 is carried
on a shaft to which power is applied by means of a pulley-wheel 131 connected to
à suitable motor.
10
$ .:
132 is an escapement-wheel keyed to the shaft 121, with which an escapement-
pallet 133 cooperates in the usual way. The escapement-pallet carries an arma-
iure 134, which is attracted or released by an escapement magnet 135. Carried by
the distributor shaft 121 is a corrector cam 137 (shown more particularly in the
diagram, Figure 12), liaving teetli therein and two broad teeth 138. Two of the
broad teeth 138 are used when a distributor is employed for distributing to two
separate selectors, in which case the distributor shaft, as will be explained, will
have two normal positions of rest. When, however, the distributor is used for
the purpose of distributing to only a single selector, the corrector cam 137 will
be provided with only one of the broad teeth 138. 139 is the corrector, comprising
a pivoted lever of the desired mass and having a wedge-shaped tooth at its
forward end, which bears on the periphery of the cam 137. The corrector is drawn
downward by a light spring, but may fall by its weight. Coöperating with this
corrector is a light spring 142 insulated therefrom, and between the corrector and
the spring 142 are the contacts 143 (see Figure 12) controlling a circuit to the
escapement magnet. The purpose or this corrector will become clear when the
operation of the device is explained.
The distributor-shaft also carries a cam 144 (the form of which is clearly shown
in Figure 12), having a series of regularly spaced teeth, and with which cooperates
a secondary circuit-closer 145 having an insulated wedge-shaped tooth engaging
the cam. This circuit-closer is normally drawn downwards by a spring and is
adapted to close the circuit between two contacts 146, in a branch circuit with the
escapement magnet, immediately after the latter is deenergized and its armature
has been withdrawn by the escapement teeth out of its influence. Carried also
on the distributor-shatt are the necessary printing and restoring cams. When
two selectors are used, as is preferable, the distributor will be so made as to first
distribute local impulses to one selector and during this distribution of impulses
to close a printing circuit to the other selector aiready set, and to then restore
such other selector to its normal position, these printing and restoration operations
taking place during the setting of the other selector to the next letter or character.
When used with two selectors, therefore, the distributor-shaft carries two printing
cams 147 and 148 and two restoration cams 149 and 150 (see Figure 12), with each
of which coöperates a lever 151 adapted to close the necessary printing or restora-
tion circuit. The cut-away portions of the cams 147, 148, 149 and 150, it will
be noted are successively advanced with respect to the cycle of rotation. The end
bearing 120 of the shaft 121 carries an integral plate 152, to which the insulating
disk 153 is secured. This disk carries the distributor plates 154 and the collecting
ring 155 in circuit with the circuit-maker 118 (see Figure 12). At its end the
distributor-shaft carries the distributor-arm 156 carrying the brush 157, which
bridges the distributor plates 154 and the ring 155. When the distributor is used
in connection with two selectors, each of which has five selector magnets, ten of
these distributor plates will be employed. When a greater or less number of
selector magnets are used, the distributor plates will be correspondingly varied.
Referring to Figure 12, the circuits will be understood. The main line leads
through the coils 106, 106, and 107, 107. A local battery 158 is included in a
normally closed circuit through the contacts 117, 117, both relay armatures, the
contacts 143 of the corrector, and the escapement-magnet. A normally open
branch around the corrector and contacts 117 includes the battery 158, the con-
tacts 146 of the secondary circuit-closer, and the escapement magnet. The said
battery is also included in a normally open circuit through the contact 117 for the

page_text: relay armature 110, the said armature 110, the contact 118, the connection 159,
to the collecting ring 155, thence to the several distributor plates, the selector
magnēts 160 (five for each selector) and the common return 161, this. circuit being
normally broken between the armature 110 and the contact 118. The said battery
is also connected through the contacts 162, adapted to be closed by the several
circuit-closers 151, to binding-posts 153, to which the printing and restoration
circuits of the two selectors are connected, such circuits returning to the battery
through the common return wire 161. The relay armatures, when they have
been released by the line impulses, may be restored by the attraction of the
permanent magnets, but such an operation would be comparatively sluggish and
would not be adapted for high speed. It is therefore, preferred to provide on the
extreme forward end of the distributor-shaft a resetting cam 164, having a series
of wedge-shaped teeth thereon, which coöperate with the down-turned wedged
ends 165 of the two relay armatures. The teeth are so disposed as to elevate one
or the other of the relay armatures (whichever may have been released by a line
impulse) at the same position of the feed movement of the shaft, and are so spaced
as to reset the relay armatures near the end of the feed stroke, thereby allowing
the maximum time for the energization of the several selector magnets. The
resetting cam 164 is surrounded by a trough 166, to which oil is supplied.
SELECTORS.
The selectors are also located at the receiving end, and their function is to control
the selection of the proper key of the receiver and to effect the operation of sucli
key. The selectors are operated from the relay-distributor, and, as already stated.
are preferably two in number, which are alternately operated, so. that while one of
said selectors is being set from the relay-distributor the other selector already set
is effecting the printing through the receiver and is being restored, ready for the
reception of the next letter or character.
201 represents a base, having the vertical standards 202, to which a top plate 200
is secured. 204 is the outer casing. 205 are oiling tubes leading to the interior.
The base 201 is formed with a central support 206, and mounted in said support
and in the top plate is a selector shaft 207, the latter carrying an. insulated
arm 208 at its upper end. 209 is a brush mounted in a slotted head 210 in said
arm and pressed downwards by a spring 211. The brush 209 makes contact with
the several selector plates 212, thirty-one in number, and with the collecting
'ring 213 concentrically mounted within said selector plates (see Figure 14). both
the selector plates and collecting ring being mounted on the insulating disk 214.
215 is a spring-barrel rigidly secured to the top plate 203, and 216 is a spring
in said barrel secured at one end to the barrel and at the other end to the shaft 207,
said spring being normally maintained under tension and tending to sweep the
brush 209 over all the selector plates. The arm 208 is insulated from the shaft 207
by a bushing 217, being held in place by an expanding screw 218, the end of the
shaft 207 being split to permit the expanding screw to force the split ends into
engagement with the bushing 217. The lower end of the selector shaft 207 carries
a tapered head 219, with which a tapered collar 220 is adapted to engage to form
a friction clutch, said collar being carried on a restoration shaft 221 mounted in
line with the selector shaft in a bracket 222. The restoration shaft is constantly
rotated by a belt 223 running over a pulley 224, said belt being operated by any
suitable motor. A steel ball 225 is shown located between the tapered head 219
and the tapered collar 220, which serves to limit the relative engagement of the
arts and prevents the possibility of the friction clutch becoming jammed in
operation. The restoring shaft 221 is elevated to engage the elements of the
friction clutch together when it is desired to restore the selector arm.
The com-
municators therefore, employ a restoring magnet 226, the armature lever 227 of
which is borne upon by a steel ball 228 mounted in a recess in the bottom of the
restoring shaft 221. A stop 229 limits the downward movement of the restoring
shaft 221. When the magnet 226 is energized, the elements of the friction clutch

page_text: will be engaged together, turning the selector shaft against the tension of the
spring 216. The selector shaft carries six disks between the standard 206 and the
top plate 203. These disks, starting from the top (see Figures 15 to 19 inclusive),
are numbered 230, 231, 232, 233, 234 and 235. The top disk, 230, is pinned to
the shaft 207, and the bottom disk, 235, is secured to or made integral with the
top of the standard 206. These disks are engaged together, one on top of the other.
The disk 230 carries a projecting detent 236 having a bend at its center to clear
the selector shaft and working between lugs 237, 237 and 238, 238. The forward
end of this detent normally rests in a recess 239 in the disk 231, so as to lock the
disk 230 to the disk 231. When the detent 236 is elevated at its forward end, it
will be lifted out of the recess 239, allowing the disk (and the selector shaft also,
since the two are connected together) to turn with respect to the disk 231 until
one of the lugs 237 and one of the lugs 238 engage the lugs 240, 240, on the
disk 231. These interengaging lugs are so disposed as to allow the disks 230
and 231 to be moved relatively to each other to an extent equal to sixteen selector
plates. The disk 231 (see Figure 16) carries on its under surface a corresponding
projecting detent 241, engaging a recess 242 in the upper surface of the disk 232,
these disks being provided with interengaging lugs, so disposed relatively to the
recess 242 as to allow the disks 231 and 232 to be moved relatively to each. other
when released, to an extent equal to eight selector plates. The under surface of
the disk 232 (see Figure 17) carries a projecting detent 243, which engages a
recess 244 in the upper surface of the disk 233, these disks being also provided
with interengaging lugs, allowing a relative movement of the two disks when
released, to an extent equal to four selector plates. The disk 233 (see Figure 18)
carries on its under surface a projecting detent 245 engaging a recess 246 in the
disk 234, said disks being provided with interengaging lugs permitting a relative
movement thereof when released, equal to two selector plates. The disk 234 (see
Figure 19) is provided on its under surface with a projecting detent 247 engaging
a recess 248 in the disk 235, said disks being also provided with interengaging
Jugs permtting a relative movement thereof when released, equal to one selector
plate. The relative movements of the selector shaft allowed by the successive
operation of all the detents above referred to are illustrated by the dotted, radial
ines in Figure 14. Normally the several detents will be in engagement with their
respective recesses, so that the disks will be all locked together, and since the
upper disk is connected to the shaft and the lower disk to a stationary abutment,
the shaft will be locked against rotation with the spring 216 under tension and
the brush 209 resting on the first selector plate. If the detent 236 is lifted to be
disengaged from the recess 239, the spring 216 will immediately turn the shaft to
an extent equal to sixteen plates. If, for instance, the detent 247 of the disk 234
18 now elevated, the spring 216 will turn the selector shaft to an extent equal to
an additional plate. It thus becomes possible, by operating any one or more of the
detents, to secure any desired movement of the selector shaft and to bring the
brush 209 into contact with any one of the selector plates. The several detents
are adapted to be actuated by selector magnets 249, the armature levers 250 of
which are pivoted and normally rest beneath the projecting ends of the several
detents. But when any one of said selector magnets is energized, its armature
lever will elevate its respective detent to allow the desired movement of the
selector shaft.
As shown in the drawings, the several selector magnets are arranged in different
vertical planes to bring their armatures in line with the several detents. The
several detents are normally maintained in their depressed position by springs 251
(see Figure 20) carried by the same disks to which the detents are connected. In
order to allow for the easy restoration of the selector shaft 207, the detents are
preferably provided on their extended ends with rounded surfaces 252, which
engage corresponding surfaces 253 (see Figure 20) on the armature levers, so that
if the selector should be restored before one of the armature levers of the selector
magnets has returned to its normal. position, the engagement of the rounded

page_text: The selector magnets 249, shown in Figures 14 and 20, correspond to the selector
Spring into engagement with its corresponding recess.
magnets 160 in Figure 12, the five selector magnets of one selector being con-
5 nected to five of the distributor plates 154, as shown in the latter figure, and the
five selector magnets of the other selector being connected to the remaining five
distributor plates.
RECEIVER.
The receiver consists, generally, of a series of key levers, like a typewriter, each
0 operating a type-bar, a motor for operating any one of the key levers, and a series
of selector magnets for selecting which of the key levers is to be operated by the
motor. The particular selector magnet which is thus energized is determined by
one or the other of the selectors.
Having reference first to Figures 21 and 22, 301 is one of the printing key levers,
it being understood that a bank of such key levers is to be used, as in an ordinary
typewriter. Each key lever connects by a link 302 with one of the type-bars.
303 is a pivoted detent on each key lever. 304 is a horizontal walking-beam
corresponding to the walking-beam of the transmitter and adapted to engage any
one of the detents 303 which may have been moved into the path of said walking-
beam, to depress the particular printing key lever with which the said detent
is connected. The walking-beam is operated by a pressure cylinder, as will be
explained. Mounted in front of the key levers is a corresponding bank of arma-
ture levers 305, the forward end of each of said armature levers being in engage-
ment with a detent. 303 of the corresponding printing key 301. Each armature
lever 305 carries an armature and each of said armatures is adapted to be attracted
by one of the magnets 306. The several magnets 306 of the receiver are arranged
in two vertical rows, as shown, and mounted between the said magnets is a stee!
plate 307 forming the return leg of the magnetic circuit of each magnet. Mounted
in front of the magnets 306 is a compressed air cylinder 308. The piston of the
compressed air cylinder connects with an arm 309, which operates the walking-
beam 304, a buffer spring being interposed between said arm and said walking-
beam to absorb any shock in the work."
Referring to Figure 23, 310 represents a valve chest at the side of the air
cylinder, and 311 is a valve therein arranged to permit compressed air to enter
the cylinder when the said valve is moved downwards. In the position shown, the
interior of the pressure cylinder communicates with the atmosphere. 312 is a
pivoted lever connected to said valve, and 313 is a spring connected to said lever
and arranged to move the valve downwards when the lever 312 is released to
allow compressed air to enter the cylinder. 314 is a lug which normally rests
beneath the end of the lever 312 to keep it elevated, said lug being carried on a
slide 315 (see Figure 22). Said slide is connected to an armature lever 316 of
the magnet 317, so that when said magnet is energized to move the armature
lever 316, the slide 315 will be moved to one side to withdraw the lug 314 from
beneath the end of the lever 312, permitting the spring 313 to move the valve 311
downwards and allowing compressed air to enter the cylinder 308. The mag-
net 317, which I call the motor control magnet, is in series with all of the printing
control magnets 306, so that when any one of the magnets 306 is energized the
magnet 317 will be also energized. But since the latter magnet is relatively large,
ts movement will be slightly sluggish and will succeed the effect of any one of
he printing control magnets 306. The piston of the cylinder 308 carries an
rm 318 (see Figure 23), which engages the end of the lever 312 at the end of the
ositive stroke, thereby elevating the said lever and cutting off the compressed
ir supply. When the lever 312 is elevated, the slide 315 will be returned by
he spring which elevates the armature lever 316, thus locking the valve in its
nactive position. The return movement of the piston in the cylinder 308 is
ffected by means of a suitable spring which is connected to the walking-beam 304.

page_text: Referring particularly to the diagram (Figure 21), it will be noted that two
selectors 319 and 320 are shown, the corresponding plates of each selector being
connected to one of the printing control magnets 306 and the common return from
each of said printing control magnets including the motor control magnet 317.
In this return circuit is a battery 321. In the diagram (Figure 21), is also shown
the two printing cams 147 and 148 and the two restoration cams 149 and 150 of
the relay-distributor. The printing cams 147 and 148 are arranged to close the
circuit successively through the two selectors, and the two restoration cams 149
and 150 are arranged to successively close the circuit through the restoration
magnets 226 of the two selectors.
OPERATION.
The operator at the transmitter depresses the type-writer keys, as in the opera-
tion of an ordinary type-writer, and as rapidly as possible. The depression of
any key causes the hook 3 thereof to engage the inclined forward end of the trans-
mitter key 1, so as to move the said hook into the path of the walking-beam 4.
This depresses the plate 12, operates the lever 13 and the hook 14 to elevate the
lever 15 and allow the contacts 16, 16, to separate. The engagement of the pin
on the hook 14 with the cam 17 releases the hook 14 from the lever 15 and allows
the latter to immediately snap back into place to again close the springs 16, 16.
The momentary break between the springs 16 and 16 deenergizes the motor
control magnet 9 and allows the armature 8 to be released. The spring 10, there-
fore, immediately elevates the valve 7, to allow compressed air to enter the
cylinder 5 and move the piston thereof downwards. This movement oscillates
the walking-beam 4 and completes the stroke of the particular typewriter key
and of the transmitter key. In other words, the operation results in the move-
ment of the typewriter key rapidly away from the fingers of the operator, it
being impossible for the finger to follow the rapid movement of the typewriter
key. The typewriter key immediately returns to its former position, as will be
explained, and meets the finger of the operator in descending, so that in the
operation of the device the effect is experienced of a slight tap on the finger as
each typewriter key is depressed. As the positive stroke of the motor is finished,
the end of the lever 6 engages the stop 11 which positively restores the valve T
and again engages the armature 8 with the magnet 9. The magnet will, it will
be observed, be energized, since the circuit is closed at the springs 16, 16, and
the armature 8 will, therefore, be held in its elevated position. The interior of
the cylinder 5 being, therefore, connected with the exhaust, a suitable spring
returns the walking-beam 4 to its former position and allows the transmitter
key and the corresponding typewriter key to return. The depression of one of
the transmitter keys moves one or more of the notched plates 18 (in the permuta-
tion corresponding to the desired character), moving also the corresponding
rings 21 downwards, which rings engage one or more of the plungers 39, forcing
downwards one or more of the pole-changers 25 in the particular set with which
the plungers may at the time be in engagement. The operation of the motor
in swinging the lever 6 also moves the escapement-pallet 36, freeing the shaft 30
and allowing the arm 38 to be moved to the next set of pole-changers. This
movement of the arm 38 is effected through the spring 35, which is placed under
tension by the power applied to the gear 32. The gear 32 drives the arm 40
positively, which arm sweeps around behind the arm 38 and connects the sun-
flower segments successively with the line, thus transmitting a succession of
impulses in the proper permutation to represent the successive characters. As
the sleeve 31 rotates, the restoring arm 47 follows the arm 40 and restores the
pole-changers 25 after they have been connected to the line.
The impulses from the transmitter pass over the line to the relay-distributor.
Impulses of, say, negative polarity, neutralize the coils 106, and of positive
polarity neutralize the coils 107. If the first impulse is negative, the coils 106
will neutralize the magnet 103, allowing the armature 111 to be moved downwards

page_text: pg 11, breaking the circuit to the escapement magnet 135 at one of
the contacts 117. The release of the escapement-pallet 133 allows the shaft 121
to advance one step. An instant after this circuit is broken at the contact 117, the
lever 145 of the secondary circuit-maker drops to close the circuit through the escape-
5 ment magnet at the contacts 146 (see Figure 12), allowing the escapement magnet
to build up or become reënergized, ready to again retain its armature when the
latter is moved into engagement with it by the rotation of the shaft. All negative
impulses will thus effect simply a feed movement of the shaft 121, and in this
feed movement it will be observed the resetting cam 164 will engage the depressed
0 armature 111 and will reset it positively. If the next impulse be positive, the
coils 107 will be neutralized, allowing the armature 110 to be depressed, breaking
the circuit through the escapement magnet as before, and allowing for a feed
movement. The cessation of a line impulse allows the permanent magnetism to
again be restored, so that when one or the other armature is positively reset it
will be held in that position. The armature 110, in additon to breaking the circuit
to the escapement magnet at one of the contacts 117, also closes a circuit at the
contact 118 through one of the distributor plates with which the brush 157 is at
the time in contact. If, for instance, the transmitter sends over the line five
impulses representing a character and consisting first of a positive, then a negative,
then a positive, then a negative, and then a positive impulse, all of the negative
impulses will provide simply for feed movements of the shaft 121, while the
positive impulses will provide, in addition to a feed movement, for the energiza-
tion of the first, third and fifth selector magnet of the particular selector with
which the five distributor plates under consideration are connected. If a signal
is mutilated or incomplete, the circuit to the escapement magnet. 135 will be
broken at the corrector contacts 143, which will automatically allow the distri-
butor shaft to be fed forward until the lever 139 of the corrector rests upon one
of the broad teeth 138, which will stop the distributor-shaft with the brush 157
resting in contact with either the first or sixth distributor plate connected with
the first magnet of one or the other selector.
energization of one
The distributor thus effects the
energization of either one or more of the selector magnets 249 of either selector
or more of the selector magnets of either selector. The
results in the tripping of either some or all of the detents 236, 241, 243, 245
r247, allowing for a movement of the selector shaft under the influence of
he spring 216 to the desired extent, i.e., to allow the brush 209 to move to the
articular selector plate which is connected to the printing control magnet 306
orresponding to the desired letter.
he brush 209 will be allowed to move a distance of one selector plate. If the
Thus, if the detent 247 is alone elevated,
etent 245 is alone elevated, the brush will be allowed to move a distance of two
elector plates. If both of said detents are elevated, the brush will be allowed
move three selector plates. If the detent 243 alone is elevated, the brush will
e allowed to move four selector plates. If the detents 243 and 247 are elevated,
e brush will move five selector plates. If the detents 243 and 245 are elevated,
e brush will be allowed to move six selector plates. If the detents 243, 245
d 247 are elevated, the brush will be allowed to move seven selector plates.
the detent 241 alone is elevated, the brush will be allowed to move eight
lector plates. If the detents 241 and 247 are elevated, the brush will be allowed
move nine selector plates, and so on.
e proper selector magnet or magnets of one of the selectors to represent a
When the distributor has thus operated
rticular character, the further rotation of the distributor shaft (which results
the operation of the selector magnet or magnets of the other selector) results
st in the closing of the printing circuit through the first selector at the proper
nting cam 147 or 148, and then the closing of the restoration circuit at one of
restoration cams 149 or 150 through the restoration magnet 226 of the first
ector. The energization of this restoration magnet elevates the lever 227,
aging the two elements 219 and 220 of the friction clutch together, and the
223 rotates the shaft 207 positively against the tension of the spring 216,

page_text: returning the brush 209 back to the first selector plate, all of the detents 236, 241,
243, 245 and 247 again' engaging their respective recesses to lock the brush 209
in its initial position. When the restoration circuit is again broken, the clutch
members 219 and 220 are separated and the selector is ready to receive new
impulses from the distributor.
As the printing circuit is closed through either of the selectors at the printing
cam 147, or 148 of the relay-distributor, the particular printing control magnet 306
(see Figure, 21) to which the brush 209 is in circuit through one of the selector
plates, will be energized to depress its corresponding lever 305 and operating the
detent 303 of the, corresponding printing lever 301. The motor control magnet
being in series with, all of the printing control magnets will be also energized,
attracting its armature 316 and moving the slide 315 to disengage the lug 314
from beneath the end of the lever 312, thus permitting the spring 313 to depress
the valve 311 and connect the interior of the cylinder 308 with, the, compressed
air supply. The piston of said cylinder, therefore, is elevated, and through the
arm 309 results in the depression of the walking-beam 304, which engages the
selected detent 303 and operates the desired printing key. Near the completion
of the positive stroke, the arm 318 on the piston engages the lever 312, closing the
valve 311 and allowing the lug 314 to once more enter beneath the lever 312 to
hold the valve in its inactive position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. Operating the keys of a transmitter by a motor controlled by the preliminary
movement of the keys.
2. The employment of a typewriter removably carried above a printing telegraph
transmitter, the two devices having corresponding banks of kevs, and the type-
writer keys having depending hooks which engage with the transmitter keys, so
that when a typewriter key is depressed, the corresponding transmitter key will
be operated.
3. The employment in a telegraph transmitter of, the type referred to, of a
series of pole-changers arranged to be successively connected with the line and
to be restored after they have been connected with the line. said pole-changers
being operated successively by the keys, so that the entire time of the line will
be consumed in the successive setting of the pole-changers.
:
4. The employment with a plurality of sets of pole-changers as specified in the
preceding claim, of an arm having an intermittent feed and carrying plungers
which register successively with the pole-changers, a corresponding number of
rings being employed to operate said plungers from the keys, and a trailing arm
heing also employed to connect the pole-changers with the line, the trailing arm
having connected with it a restoring device for restoring the several pole-
changers.
5. The connection between the intermittent arm and the trailing arm referred
to in the preceding claim, consisting of a spring whereby the trailing arm will
be positively driven through a friction device, while the intermittent arm will
be allowed to partake of a step-by-step movement under the influence of the
spring.
6. The employment of a relay having two permanent magnets and two coils
arranged to be neutralized by impulses of different polarities, two armatures,
one released by impulses of one polarity and the other by impulses of the opposite
polarity, an escapement magnet in circuit with the two armatures. and a double
set of distributor plates (connected to two selectors) in circuit with one only of
said armatures, so that line impulses of one polarity will result only in a feed
movement of the distributor shaft, while impulses of the opposite polarity will
in additon to a feed movement also result in the closing of a local circuit to the
selector magnets.

page_text: 7. The employment in a relay distributor, of a cam for positively resetting
the armatures.
8. The employment in a distributor, of a corrector to return the distributor
shaft to one of its normal positions in case an incomplete signal is received.
9. The employment in a distributor, of a secondary circuit-maker for closing
the circuit to the escapement magnet immediately after it is broken at the relay
armatures.
10. The employment in a telegraph system, of two selectors set successively
from a distributor, whereby while one selector is being set, printing is effected
through the other selector which had been previously set, so that the entire time
of the line at the receiving end is consumed.
11. A selector having thirty-two selector plates, an arm arranged to engage
with any one of said plates, a series of discs connected with the arm and locked
together, the discs being arranged to permit a graduated movement of the arm
when released, and a selector magnet for releasing any one of said discs, so that
when one magnet energized, the arm will move sixteen plates, when the second
is energized the arm will move eight plates, when the third is energized the arm
will move four plates, when the fourth is energized the arm will move two plates,
and when the fifth is energized the arm will move one plate.
12. The employment in a selector as referred to in the preceding claim, of a
spring for positively moving it to the desired position, and a friction clutch for
returning the selector shaft against the tension of the spring.
13. The employment in a receiving printing receiver, of a series of printing
evers each having a detent, a printing control magnet for each detent, and a
motor having a control magnet therefor in series with the printing control
magnets, so that the closing of a circuit at either selector will energize the printing
ontrol magnet and the motor control magnet, resulting in the moving of the
esired detent and the subsequent operation of the motor to effect the printing.
14. The employment in a printing telegraph receiver, of a series of printing
ontrol magnets arranged in at least one bank, with a plate extending parallel
the magnets and constituting a return leg therefor.
Dated this 9th day of May 1900
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.