Improvements in Machines or Appliances for Shearing or Clipping Wool, Hair, or other like Material or Substance.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 22nd June, 1894-Accepted, 22nd Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines or Appliances for Shearing or Clipping
Wool, Hair, or other like Material or Substance.
We, WILLIAM BOWN, 308 Summer Lane, Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Manufacturer, GEORGE CAPEWELL, 114 Upper Thomas Street, Aston
juxta Birmingham aforesaid, Machinist and JAMES WILLIAM FLAVELL, 201,
Albert Road, Aston aforesaid, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to machines or appliances for shearing or cutting
wool, hair or other like material or substance and our improvements consist―
Firstly. In forming the axis or pivot or support on which the vibrating arm or
lever works of a swivel, or oscillating or rocking piece or joint either separate or
in combination with a fulcrum pin or pivot fitted to the body or frame or other
suitable part of the machine or appliance, and also in providing the said vibrating
arm or lever with slot or opening for the said swivel or oscillating or rocking
piece or pieces or pivot to work in. Or the said vibrating arm or lever may be
formed so as to take into or upon the said swivel or oscillating or rocking piece or
pieces or upon projections formned thereon for that purpose, the said projections
being by preference screwed and provided with screwed bushes for the purpose of
connecting the said vibrating arm or lever thereto. We may also provide the said
joint or swivel with antifrictional bearings such as balls, oscillating pins or studs or
their equivalent; or we may provide the said joint or axis with one or more
oscillating pins or studs working in connection with a washer or supporting balance
piece of equivalent.
Secondly. Our improvements relate to the means for putting pressure or
regulating the tension upon the cutting plates or other necessary parts and
consists in attaching to the back end or other convenient part of the fork or cutter
carrier or pressure bar or lever a screwed pin and nut or equivalent or other
suitable arrangement either separate or in combination with a spring, the said
screwed pin and nut or equivalent being provided with a ball shaped or other
suitable rocking or supporting piece for the back end of the fork or pressure bar
or cutter carrier or lever to rest or work upon, and for the purpose of raising or
lowering the same. The other or front end of the said fork or cutter carrier or
pressure bar or lever being pressed upon by means of the oscillator as described in
ย prior Patent granted to William Bown and George Capewell, dated January 26th
1885, No. 1107, or by any other suitable means. By the use of this method
pressure can be put upon the plates or other parts from the back of the machine
instead of the front. Or instead of putting pressure upon the cutting plates or
other parts by the methods as above described we may when required employ two
or more oscillators in combination with two or more pressure bars or cutter carriers
or levers in such a manner that any one of the cutting teeth may be pressed upon
independantly if desired. Or we may extend the main lever in such a manner as
to allow the oscillator to bear upon the same or other bearing part by which means
the necessary pressure is imparted to the cutter carrier or pressure bar or
equivalent.
Thirdly. Our improvements consist in providing the ends of the fork or cutter
carrier or arm or lever of the machine with two or more oscillating or pivotted toe
or pressure pieces or equivalent in such a manner that one end of each toe will
press upon the centre tooth whilst the other ends will press upon the outer teeth.

page_text: The said fork or pressure bar or arm or lever having pressure imparted thereto by
oscillators or other suitable means. Or instead of the fork or pressure bar or arm
or lever bearing directly upon the said toes or pressure pieces we may employ an
intermediate stretcher or bar the ends of which bear upon the said toes or pressure
pieces, and the said fork or pressure bar or arm or lever will then bear upon the
said intermediate stretcher or bar.
The
Fourthly. Our improvements relate to the main arm or lever as described in a
prior Patent granted to William Bown and George Capewell, dated October 9th
1890, No. 16,029, and consists in extending the said arm or lever so that the end
thereof bears upon the centre or centre tooth of the top comb or cutter.
extended arm or lever is provided with an independant cutter carrier which is
hinged, jointed or pivotted to the said extended arm or lever in such a manner that
when pressure is imparted thereto by means of the oscillator or equivalent it
transmits pressure to the said extended arm or lever, thereby more evenly
distributing pressure upon the cutting plate or plates. Or we may form the said
arm or lever in two or more parts in such a manner that one part is made to bear
upon the centre tooth of the top comb or cutter or other bearing part; whilst the
other part or parts are made to bear upon the outer teeth or other bearing parts
attached thereto, or vice versa. We also provide the said arm or lever with a
clamp or distributing piece or pieces or equivalent, hinged, jointed, pivotted or
attached to or placed on the said pressure bar or arm or lever parts in such a
manner as to receive pressure from an oscillatory clamping piece or pieces or other
suitable tension adjusting devices, by which means the pressure is evenly and
regularly distributed. Or when desired the said pressure bar or cutter carrier
may be supported at the back end by one or more oscillators or other means and
the main lever made to bear upon the said pressure bar or cutter carrier and also
upon the top cutter or other bearing piece or pieces; pressure being put upon the
same by an oscillator or other suitable means.
Fifthly. Our improvements relate to an improved method of converting a
circular motion into a reciprocatory motion which we accomplish by the use of one
or more oscillating pins or studs or equivalent having either globular, flat or other
suitably shaped ends in combination with the eccentric which is usually placed at
the end of the main driving spindle.
Sixthly. Our improvements consist in means for clamping the oscillator upon the
fork, lever or arm of the machine which we accomplish by forming a cup in which
the oscillator fits with one or more lugs or projections, the said lugs or projections
work in corresponding slots or holes or guides formed in or attached to the usual
cylindrical piece or guide which forms part of the top of the frame of the machine,
the outer part of the said cylindrical piece is by preference screwed and is
provided with a correspondingly screwed washer or equivalent which bears upon
the lug or lugs or projections of the said cup and securely holds it in position. Or
we may hinge the clamping piece in the centre and pressure may be put on from
the back by any suitable arrangement. Or the said clamping piece may be
formed out of or attached or hinged to the lid or cover or frame of the machine
and pressure put on from the centre or other convenient part in any suitable
manner.
In order to securely hold the tension nut after it has been properly adjusted we
split the back of the lid or cover or frame of the machine in which the said tension
nut is screwed and provide a thumb screw and nut or any suitable arrangement for
tightening the same by which means the said tension nut is rigidly locked or
prevented from moving. Or the said tension nut may be locked by means of a
sliding piece or pieces and screw or screws placed either in front or at the back or
side of the machine and the said sliding piece or pieces may be jointed if desired.
Seventhly. Our improvements relate to means for minimising the friction on the
centre pivot or fulcrum on which the arm or lever works and consists in providing
the same with two or more oscillating pins or studs or pieces suitably arranged and
provided with means for adjustment.

page_text: Lastly. Our improvements consist in providing the lid or cover of the machine
with a spring catch and snap, by which means the said lid or cover is easily and
readily attached or detached.
Dated this 21st day of September 1902
WILLIAM BOWN.
GEORGE CAPEWELL.
JAMES WILLIAM FLAVELL.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines or Appliances for Shearing or Clipping
Wool, Hair, or other like Material or Substance.
We, WILLIAM BOWN, 308 Summer Lane Birmingham in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, GEORGE CAPEWELL, 114 Upper Thomas Street, Aston
juxta Birmingham aforesaid, Machinist and JAMES WILLIAM FLAVELL,
201 Albert Road, Aston aforesaid, Machinist do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to machines or appliances for shearing or cutting
wool, hair or other like material or substance. In order that our invention may
be clearly understood we have annexed the accompanying sheets of drawings
illustrating same.
Fig. 1 is plan view of a shearing machine with the lid or cover removed.
Fig. 2 is part sectional elevation of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is plan of a shearing machine constructed on a different principle to
Fig. 1 also with the lid or cover removed, and
Fig. 4 is plan view shewing another method of operating the working parts of a
shearing machine.
Referring to the first part of our invention which consists in forming the axis 1
or pivot or support on which the vibrating arm or lever 2 works, so as to swivel,
oscillate or rock either separate or in combination with a fulcrum pin or pivot 3
fitted to the body or frame 4 of the machine or other convenient part, the said
lever 2 is provided with a slot or opening for the said axis 1 to work in (see Fig. 4).
Or the said vibrating arm or lever 2 may be formed so as to work upon projections 5
formed on the axis 1 (see Figs. 1, 2 and 3) for that purpose. The said axis 1 is
provided with a ball bearing 6 as shewn at Fig. 2 for reducing friction. Or we
may provide the said axis 1 with two or more oscillating pins or studs working in
combination with a washer or supporting balance piece or equivalent.
The second part of our invention relates to means for putting pressure or
regulating the tension upon the cutting plates or other necessary parts and consists
in attaching to the back end or other convenient part of the fork or cutter carrier
or pressure bar 7 or lever 8 a screwed pin 9 and nut 10 (see Fig. 5) or equivalent
either separate or in combination with a spring. The said screwed pin 9 is formed
so that the back end of the bar 7 can rock or work upon it. When pressure is
required to be put upon the necessary parts the nut 10 or equivalent is turned by
which means the pin 9 draws the bar 7 upwards thereby imparting pressure to the
toe piece 11 one end of which bears upon the cutter plate or plates and the other
end bears upon the end of the lever 8 through the medium of the oscillator 12 as
described in a prior Patent granted to William Bown and George Capewell, dated
January 26th 1885, No. 1107. By the use of this method pressure can be put
upon the necessary parts from the back instead of from the front of the machine.
Or instead of putting pressure upon the cutting plates or other parts as above
described we may when required employ two or more oscillators in combination

page_text: with two or more pressure bars or cutter carriers or levers in such a manner
that any one of the cutting teeth may be pressed upon independantly if desired.
The part of our invention relating to the main arm or lever 2 as described in a
prior Patent granted to William Bown and George Capewell, dated October 9th
1890 No. 16029 is illustrated at Figs. 1, 2 and 3 and consists in extending the said
arm 2 so that the end thereof bears upon the centre or centre tooth of the top
comb or cutter. The arm 2 is provided with an independent cutter carrier 13
hinged to the said arm 2 as shewn at 14 Fig. 3, or it may be pivotted, and when
the necessary pressure is put upon the cutter carrier 13 by means of an oscillator
and tension nut or other suitable means it transmits pressure to the arm 2 thereby
more evenly distributing pressure upon the cutting plate or plates. Or we may
form the said arm or lever in two or more parts 15 and 16 as shewn at Figs. 1
and 2. Attached at 17 to the part 16 is a distributing pressure piece 18 and when
pressure is imparted thereto it transmits the pressure to the parts 15 and 16 and
from thence to the cutting plate or plates. Or when desired the said cutter
carrier 13 may be supported at the back end by an oscillator 19 as shewn at Fig. 6
or by two or more oscillators, or other suitable means and the lever 2 made to bear
upon the said cutter carrier 13 and also upon the top cutter or bearing piece,
pressure being put upon the said cutter carrier 13 by the lever 2 through the
medium of the oscillator 20 or other suitable means. Or we may dispense with
the cutter carrier 13 and utalize the lever 2 in combination with the oscillators 19
and 20 for the same purpose.
For the purpose of reducing friction when converting a rotary motion into a
reciprocatory motion we employ two or more oscillators in combination with the
eccentric which is usually placed at the end of the driving spindle.
Referring to that part of our invention for clamping the oscillator upon the
necessary parts and which is illustrated at Fig. 7 we form the part 21 on which
the oscillator 22 bears with three or more lugs or projections 23, (see Fig. 8) the
said lugs or projections 23 work in corresponding slots or holes 24 formed in or
attached to the cylindrical piece or guide 25 which forms part of the frame of the
machine, the outer part of the said guide 25 is screwed and is provided with a
screwed washer 26 or equivalent for bearing upon the lugs 23, by which means the
part
21 is securely held in position and the oscillator 22 prevented from working
loose. Or the clamping piece may be hinged at its centre to the frame of the
machine and pressure transmitted from the back of the said clamping piece to the
oscillator by a thumb screw or other suitable means. Or the said clamping piece
may be formed out of or attached or hinged to the lid or cover or frame of the
machine and pressure put thereon from the centre or other convenient part in any
suitable manner.
In order to securely hold the tension uut 27 after it has been properly adjusted
(shewn in dotted lines Fig. 9) we employ a loose piece 28 which forms part of the
socket into which the said tension nut 27 is screwed, we then provide a cotter 29
or equivalent which passes through suitable holes formed in the projections 30.
The said cotter 29 is by preference screwed at its taper end and provided with a
wing nut 31 or equivalent. It will be easily understood that when the wing uut 31
is turned it will draw the cotter 29 tightly against the loose piece 28 thereby
securely locking or binding the said tension out 27 after it has once been adjusted.
Or we may dispense with the loose piece 28 and split the back of the lid or cover 32
in which the tension nut 27 is screwed and provide any suitable arrangement for
tightening the same onto the said tension nut 27.
In order to minimise the friction on the centre pivot or fulcrum on which the
arm or lever works we provide the said fulcrum with two or more oscillating pins
or studs suitably arranged and provided with means for adjustment.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we would have it
understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details as herein shewn

page_text: and described as they may be varied without departing from the principle of our
invention, but what we wish to claim is :-
Firstly. In a shearing machine the means substantially as herein shewn and
described for putting pressure upon the cutting parts with reference to Fig. 3.
Secondly. In a shearing machine the use of the transmitter 18 and toe piece 11
for transmitting pressure to the necessary cutting parts substantially as herein
shewn and described with reference to Figs. 1 and 5.
Thirdly. In a shearing machine the means substantially as herein shewn and
described for transmitting pressure to the necessary cutting parts with reference
to Fig. 6.
Fourthly. In a shearing machine the rocking, swivelling or oscillating axis 1 or
equivalent for the purpose substantially as herein shewn and described with reference
to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Fifthly. In a shearing machine the use of the open slotted arm or lever in
combination with the axis 1 or equivalent substantially as herein shewn and described
with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Sixthly. In a shearing machine the combination of the two oscillators for the
purpose substantially as herein shewn and described with reference to Fig. 6.
Seventhly. In a shearing machine forming the arm or lever or pressure bar or
cutter carrier in two or more parts and imparting pressure thereto by means of two
or more oscillators used in combination with any suitable clamping arrangement,
substantially as described.
Eighthly. In a shearing machine the tension arrangement substantially as shewn
at Fig. 7.
Ninethly. In a shearing machine the means for putting pressure upon the
cutting parts substantially as herein shewn and described with reference to
Fig. 5.
Tenthly. In a shearing machine the means substantially as herein shewn and
described with reference to Fig. 9 for wedging locking or clamping the
tension nut.
Eleventhly. In a shearing machine putting tension upon the oscillator or
equivalent by means of a clamping piece having at its rear end or at its centre an
adjusting screw substantially as described.
Lastly. The general arrangement and construction of shearing machines
substantially as described or as shewn on the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 21st day of June 1894.
'
WILLIAM BOWN.
GEORGE CAPEWELL.
JAMES WILLIAM FLAVELL.