IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-BRICKS AND TUBES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Baggeley, of Hammersmith Road, Kensington, in-
the County of Middlesex, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-BRICKS AND TUBES."
Sealed the 26th May 1877, and dated the 12th January 1877.
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Baggeley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1877.
HENRY BAGGELEY, of Hammersmith Road, Kensington, in the County of Middle-
sex, Chemist.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-BRICKS AND
TUBES."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of fire-bricks and tubes, the former
being suitable for furnace linings and other purposes where fire-resisting properties
are required, whilst the latter, being incorrodible, are suitable for underground tele-
graph purposes; also as water or gas pipes, fire-bars, steam pipes, and other parts of
engine and boiler fittings.
The basis of the composition from which. I manufacture the said bricks and tubes
consists of chalk, clay, and asbestos, and when required to be manufactured into
tubes I add powdered glass and Welsh spar.
The ingredients and proportions which I have found in practice to give good
results when intended for fire-bricks are as follows:-
Horse dung
Chalk
Pipe-clay
4 ounces avoirdupois.,
-
12 pounds;
".
7 33
"
-
1 ounce.
"
(Or other clay in equivalent proportion.)
Asbestos
These ingredients are to be well mixed together with a little water, so as to enable
them to be moulded and compressed into bricks or blocks, which are fired or burned.
in the usual manner.
When making the improved tubes I omit the horse dung from the above compo-
sition, and add powdered glass, Welsh spar, black oxide of cobalt, and “ tinkle.”

page_text: of my incorrodible tubes are as follows:-
"
Chalk
Pipe-clay
Asbestos
Powdered white glass
Powdered Welsh spar
Powdered common green glass
Powdered "tinkle
"
Black oxide of cobalt
-
-
-
40 pounds avoirdupois.
-
60
33
"
1
"
"
13
"
:
"
4
"
"
.3
"
-
12 ounces
-
ور
"7
"
The above ingredients are treated in the same manner as the previous ones, and
the tubes, when moulded or otherwise formed, are fired until they are vitrefied or
glazed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Baggeley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th July
1877.
HENRY BAGGELEY, of Hammersmith Road, Kensington, in the County of Middle-
sex, Chemist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-BRICKS AND
TUBES."
My said Invention relates to a peculiar composition for the manufacture of fire-
bricks suitable for furnace linings and other purposes where fire-resisting properties
are required; also to a peculiar composition for the manufacture of incorrodible
vitrified pipes or tubes for various useful purposes, such, for example, as containers
for underground telegraph wires or connectors, water or gas pipes, steam pipes, and
other parts of engine and boiler fittings.
The basis of the composition from which I manufacture the said fire-bricks and
vitrified incorrodible tubes, consists of chalk or whitening and pipe-clay or other
equivalent clay mixed with certain other ingredients, as herein-after described,
according as the composition is intended for the manufacture of fire-bricks or of
incorrodible pipes or tubes.
In making fire-bricks according to my Invention I use the following ingredients
and proportions, which I have found to give the best results:-
Chalk or whitening
Pipe-clay of ordinary quality
-
100 lbs. avoirdupois.
64 "
»
(Or an equivalent proportion of
other clay, according to its fire-
resisting property.)
Horse dung
و"
Asbestos
Flint
"
1/2 "
"
(Or in lieu thereof,)
6
"
Ordinary green glass
>>
"
As the chief object of the asbestos is to increase the fire-resisting property of the
bricks, and as I have found that the proportion mentioned of flint will answer the
same purpose at a much lower cost, I prefer to employ flint as a substitute for
the more costly asbestos. The object of the glass is to increase the hardness of the
bricks, but as its addition tends somewhat to reduce their fire-resisting property,
the glass may be omitted in those cases where the bricks are intended to withstand
a very high temperature, or where hardness is a secondary consideration.
The ingredients used are to be ground or reduced to a fine state of division, either
together or separately, in any well-known manner, and are to be thoroughly well
inixed together and moistened with just sufficient water to enable the mass to be

page_text: compressed and consolidated in moulds of any desired form by any well-known or
other suitable compressing machinery, such, for example, as is used in the manu-
facture of dry compressed bricks. The bricks or blocks thus obtained are then to
be fired or burned in kilns of any suitable or well-known construction during a
period of about 48 to 60 hours, and when cool will be ready for the market.
In making the improved vitrified incorrodible tubes I omit the horse dung and
asbestos from the above composition, and add certain proportions of powdered glass
and Welsh spar, as herein-after specified.
The ingredients and proportions which I have found to give the best results for
the manufacture of my improved vitrified incorrodible pipes or tubes are as
Callawa
|compressed and consolidated in moulds of any desired form by any well-known or
other suitable compressing machinery, such, for example, as is used in the manu-
facture of dry compressed bricks. The bricks or blocks thus obtained are then to
be fired or burned in kilns of any suitable or well-known construction during a
period of about 48 to 60 hours, and when cool will be ready for the market.
In making the improved vitrified incorrodible tubes I omit the horse dung and
asbestos from the above composition, and add certain proportions of powdered glass
and Welsh spar, as herein-after specified.
The ingredients and proportions which I have found to give the best results for
the manufacture of my improved vitrified incorrodible pipes or tubes are as
follows:
Pipe-clay of ordinary quality
(Or an equivalent proportion of
other clay capable of withstanding
the temperature necessary for the
vitrification of the composition.)
Chalk or whitening
Powdered white glass
Powdered common green glass
Powdered Welsh spar
Powdered " "tinkle
"
Black oxide of cobalt
60 lbs. avoirdupois.
30
"
ور
"
"
"
2
32
"
1
"
*
112
"
"
The object of the "tinkle" is to bind the mass whilst being fired, but as it is not
absolutely essential it may, if preferred, be omitted. The black oxide of cobalt
serves only as a coloring ingredient, and may or may not be used as found
desirable.
The ingredients employed are to be treated in the same manner as those employed
for the making of fire-bricks, herein-before specified, but a slightly increased propor-
tion of water should be added thereto in order to bring the mass to a plastic or
pasty consistency, with a view to its being shaped or moulded by being expressed
through dies of any desired form, as is well understood in the manufacture of pipes
and tubular articles from clay or other like plastic material. The pipes or tubes
thus obtained are to be fired in kilns until they are thoroughly baked and vitrified,
when after cooling they will be ready for the market.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I
would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
First. The manufacture and use of fire-bricks composed of the peculiar compound
or composition herein-before first described.
Second. The manufacture and use of incorrodible vitrified pipes or tubes composed
of the peculiar compound or composition herein-before lastly described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Baggeley, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
EDWIN P. ALEXANDER,
Consulting Engineer & Patent Agent,
14, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane,
W.C.
HENRY BAGGELEY. (L.S.)