Engine, and other Furnaces.
Year: 1885

page_text: Engine, and other Furnaces.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDROCARBON BURNERS FOR STEAM BOILER, CALORIC ENGINE AND OTHER FURNACES
a communication to me from abroad by Joseph Marion (Engineer) Joseph Caverly
(Caulker) both of Brooklyn, Kings County and Benedict Fischer (Merchant) and
James Susman Valk (Merchant) both of the City and County of New York all in
the State of New York, United States of America to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved hydrocarbon burner for a steam boiler and
also for use in various other situations as in the fire box of the furnace of an air or
caloric engine.
The oil or liquid hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to the burner from an elevated
tank.
The burner is a shallow receiver or tray formed with numerous air passages or
nipples that rise from the bottom of the receiver so that the air to support com-
bustion is supplied from below through the bottom of the receiver. Over the upper
ends of the air passages or nipples are placed caps that surround and enclose at a
distance the main upper portion of the passages or nipples, the caps being held
above the nipples by distance pieces. In this manner the air rising through the
nipples is confined within and in contact with the heated caps and finds its way
down along the heated side walls of the caps so that the heated air is not only
deflected downward to or nearly to the surface of the hydrocarbon in the receiver
but is highly heated by contact with the caps so that in combining with the com-
bustible gases causes the generation of a very high degree of heat, which consumes
the smoke and prevents entirely the formation of lamp black or soot.

page_text: Upon the bottom of the receiver around the air passages is placed a layer of
asbestos fibre to serve as an absorbent to receive the hydrocarbon, but this may be
dispensed with if desired. Beneath the receiver is fitted a water box for cooling
the bottom of the receiver, and heating the water. The water box has passages
formed through it to correspond with the air inlets or nipples so that when the!
receiver and box are put together, the passages coincide with each other and form
continuous air passages.
The water from the water box passes to the boiler so that the heat taken up by
the water in passing through the box is saved.
To increase the intensity of the heat and prevent the formation of lamp black
by the combustion of the oil in the receiver, jets of steam are supplied over the
receiver through a perforated cross pipe fixed above the receiver, the steam being
taken from a small boiler which surrounds the flue from the furnace in the case of
a caloric engine feed water being supplied to this boiler from the water box.
In operation, hydro carbon oil being supplied to the receiver and ignited, the
combustion will take place at the surface of the oil just below the lower edge of
the caps, to which point the air entering the passages will be directed by the said
caps. The heat from the burning oil will create a strong draft through the
passages and will keep the caps at an intense heat, so that the air coming in
contact with them will become highly heated before reaching the burning oil which
greatly increases the combustion and heat produced and causes. all smoke and lamp
black to be consumed. Steam from the boiler may be caused to issue in small jets
from the perforated jet pipe just above the caps and..mingle with the flame and
greatly intensify the heat.
The boiler surrounding the flue, in the case of a caloric engine, saves heat from
the waste products of combustion and effects economy in fuel.

page_text: Engine, and other Furnaces.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention (a communication to me
from abroad by Joseph Marion (Engineer) and Joseph Caverly (Merchant) both
of the City of Brooklyn in the County of Kings and State of New York and
Benedict Fischer (Merchant) and James Susman Valk.(agent) both of the City,
County and State of New York, United States of America and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to a hydrocarbon burner to be used for heating furnaces,
steam boilers, etc; and the object is to effect a more thorough combustion of the
fuel than has been heretofore obtained, thus preventing the formation of soot.
The Invention consists principally in introducing jets of air into the pan or
receiver wherein the fuel is burned beneath caps which deflect the currents of air
downward, and which caps become highly heated so that the air being held in
contact with the caps becomes heated before it emerges into contact with the fuel
and flame.
The Invention also consists in forming beneath the fuel pan or receiver a
chamber into which air, water, or liquid fuel may be conducted for cooling the
bottom of the receiver and for heating the air, water, or liquid fuel. When liquid
fuel is introduced into the chamber beneath the bottom of the receiver in which
the fuel is burned the bottom of the said receiver will be perforated and upon the
bottom of the receiver will be placed a perforated plate which will become highly
heated and will have the effect of vaporizing the fuel that passes up through the
perforations at the bottom of the receiver so that the fuel, before combustion, is in
the form of gas.
The Invention also consists in introducing double jets of air into the receiver,
the first being carried downward near the fuel and there introduced, the second
being introduced at a point above in the midst of the flame thus causing as it were
double combustion which produces intense heat and effects the entire destruction of
lamp-black and other solid products of combustion.
The Invention also consists of means for generating and introducing steam above
the fuel receiver to increase the heat.
The Invention finally consists in the employment of asbestos wicking placed upon
the bottom of the receiver to cause an even distribution of the fuel over the bottom
of the receiver all as hereinafter described and claimed.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
specification in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in.
all the figures.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation showing the invention applied to a stationary
steam-boiler and arch; figure 2 is a similar view showing it applied to a furnace
of a "Victor" caloric engine. Figure 3. is an enlarged plan view of the burner;

page_text: figure 4. is a transverse sectional elevation of the same on the line of figure 3.
Figure 5. is an enlarged broken elevation showing a different application of the
burner to the furnace of a "Victor" caloric engine; figure 6 is a plan view of the
same showing the dome removed; figure 7 is a sectional elevation on the line y-Y
of figure 6.
Referring to figures 1: 2. 3. and 4. the liquid hydro-carbon fuel is supplied to the
burner A from an elevated tank B through a supply pipe C which conducts the
fuel to a shallow receiver D of which a represents the bottom and a¹ the side
flanges or walls. This receiver is formed with numerous air passages or nipples b
that reach above the bottom a of the receiver so that the air to support combustion
is supplied from below the receiver and over the upper ends of the air passages
or nipples b are placed hoods or caps c which surround and enclose the main upper
portions of the nipples b and the walls of these caps are held above the upper ends
of the nipples b by the small blocks c¹ c¹ to form a horizontal passage or chamber o²
between the upper end of each nipple b and the top inner wall of each cap o.
The said caps c are made larger than the nipples so that they form side vertical
passages between the outer side surfaces of the nipples and the inner side
walls of the caps. In this manner the air from the nipples b entering the.
chambers c³ is confined there in contact with the caps c which become heated
being enveloped in the flame and then finds its way down the side passages c³
along the heated side walls of the caps. In this manner the caps not only serve
to deflect the air downward to, or nearly to, the surface of the fuel in the receiver D
but they also serve to heat the air so that in combining with the combustion gases
given off by the fuel a very high degree of heat is produced which consumes the
Binoke and prevents the formation of lamp-black or soot. Upon the bottom a of
the receiver D around the air passages or nipples b is placed a layer of asbestos
fibre d shown in figure 4. to serve as a wicking to absorb the fuel and distribute it
evenly along over the bottom of the receiver but this wicking may be dispensed
with if desired. Beneath the receiver D is fitted a box or chamber E to which
water or air may be supplied through the pipe F for cooling the bottom of the
receiver and heating the air or water as the case may be. The box or chamber E
has passages b¹ formed through it to correspond with the nipples or passages 6 of
the receiver, so that when the receiver and box or chamber are put together the
passages b and 61 coincide with each other and form continuous air passages reaching
from the bottom of the burner to a point some distance above the bottom of the
receiver in which the oil is supplied for burning.
In the arrangement shown in figure 1. the water from the box or chamber E
passes to the boiler G, so that the heat taken up by the water in passing through
the box or chamber E partially heats the feed water for the boiler and is thus
saved.
To increase the intensity of the heat given off by the burner and to prevent the
formation of lamp black or soot, jets of steam are supplied over the receiver D
through the supply pipe H and the perforated pipe H¹ the former being connected
to the boiler G as shown in Figure 1. In figure 2, the steam to supply the
perforated pipe H¹ is taken from the small boiler I which surrounds the flue I¹
which leads from the hot air furnace for conducting away the products of
combustion. Heated feed water is supplied to this small boiler I from the box or
chamber E through the pipe I' so that the heat lost or wasted is reduced to a
minimum.
When the burner is constructed specially for use in connection with a caloric or
other form of engine its shape and proportions may be varied to best adapt it for
its particular application.
In figures 1. 2. 3. and 4. the burner is made square while in figures 5. 6. and 7.
it is made circular and is used in connection with a stove J placed between the
burner A and the dome K, and in the said stove is placed a deflector L which is
arranged to deflect the heat and products of combustion rising from the burner.up
into the dome K thence down to the opening L¹ through which the products of

page_text: combustion pass to the chimney and in the form of burner shown in figures 5. 6.
and 7. the same is cast with a circular side wall e, the main bottom f and the air
tubes g being cast integral with the bottomf which tubes reach from the bottom of
the burner to, or nearly to, the top or upper edge of the wall e Within the burner
thus formed is placed a false bottom h situated at some distance above the main
bottom to form about the tubes g the chamber or space M equivalent to the
chamber E in the other figures of the drawings. The false bottom h is perforated
with numerous small holes i and oil or liquid fuel is supplied to the space or
chamber M through the feed pipe N shown in figure 7. Upon the upper surface
of the false bottom h is placed a thin layer of asbestos d for distributing the oil
evenly over the upper surface of the false bottom, but this layer of asbestos may
be omitted if desired or other material may be used in its stead. Upon the layer
of asbestos d is placed a metal plate O. In case no asbestos d or other material is
used beneath the plate O the plate will be held a short distance above the upper
surface of the false bottom h by means of small projections formed upon the under
surface of the plate O or upon the upper surface of the false bottom, or by other.
suitable means. The plate O is, by preference, perforated to permit the vapors or
gases to pass through it as hereinafter described.
The air tubes g in the form of burner shown in Figures 5. 6. and 7. are made of
suitable width as shown in figure 6 and the hoods or caps c are made in lengths to
correspond, and at their lower ends the caps are formed with inwardly projecting
lips to hold the sides of the hoods or caps a short distance from the outer
surfaces of the air-tubes to form the side passages and these inwardly
projecting lips also support the hoods or caps a short distance above the upper
ends of the tubes to form the upper horizontal passages into which the air from
the tubes first issues, and the hoods or caps are perforated along each side as shown
at so that jets of air will issue from the hoods both at their lower edges and
at the said side openings . The object of this distribution of air is to cause
double combustion, the first taking place directly in contact with the plate O and
the second at a point above in the midst of the flame produced by the first
combustion, which causes the production of an intense heat and consumes all the
lamp black or soot. The heat after the fuel is ignited soon heats the hoods or
caps c and the currents of air entering the tubes coming in contact with the highly
heated surfaces of the caps c becomes super heated and issues from the hood with
considerable force into the flame.
The liquid fuel is admitted slowly to the chamber M and in such quantities
relative to its consumption that it floods over the false bottom h so that only a
thin layer of oil is maintained on the false bottom beneath the plate O the supply
never being admitted in such quantities as to cover the plate O. After the burner
has been ignited for a short time the plate O becomes highly heated and vaporizes
the oil admitted below it, and the vapors and gas thus produced rise through the
perforations of the plate so that the fuel at the time of combustion is practically
in a gaseous form and in a highly heated state. In some cases the false bottom h
will not be perforated in which case the supply pipe will be connected with the
centre of the false bottom as indicated in dotted lines in figure 7. and the plate O
instead of being perforated might have slots or other suitable passages formed in it
to permit the vapors to rise from below the plate as they are generated. An extra
supply of external air may be admitted through the openings a³ made in the side
walls of the burner, as shown in figure 7, if found necessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is;
1. The combination with the receiver D having air-passages of a box or chamber
having corresponding passages as described.
2. The box or chamber E fitted to the bottom of the receiver D and connected
with the boiler G substantially as described.

page_text: 3. In a hydro-carbon burner, the receiver D having air passages or nipples b in
combination with the hoods or caps c that form passages at the sides and top of
the nipples for directing the air toward the bottom of the receiver substantially as
described.
.
4. The combination with a receiver having air passages or nipples of the box or
chamber E having passages to correspond with the said nipples as described.
5. The box or chamber E fitted, to the bottom of the receiver and connected
with the boiler by a suitable pipe and also with a water supply pipe substantially
as described.
6. The receiver D having air passages or nipples and asbestos or other non con-
ducting wicking in combination with the hoods or caps c placed upon the air
passages or nipples substantially as described.
7. The receiver D formed with numerous air passages or nipples projecting
upward from its bottom in combination with the caps or hoods c held over the
nipples to form horizontal and vertical passages for heating the air and deflecting
it downward as described. .
8. In a hydro-carbon burner, the combination with the air inlet tubes of the
hoods placed over said tubes and formed with side openings and held upon the tubes
to form the top and side spaces, the side openings being formed below the upper
ends of the tubes, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
19. The combination with a hydro-carbon burner having air inlet tubes rising
from a false perforated bottom of a perforated plate O placed upon the false
perforated bottom, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
10. The hydro-carbon burner A formed with air inlet-tubes and with a main
and a false bottom. to form a bottom chamber, the false bottom having perforations
formed in it between the air inlet-tubes substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
•
11. The hydro-carbon burner A formed with the bottom space or chamber, air
inlet-tubes and perforated false bottom in combination with the perforated plate O
placed upon the perforated bottom h between the air inlet-tubes substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
. t
- 12. The hydro-carbon burner A placed between the stove J and dome K in
combination with the deflector L held in the stove and dome over the burner and
in front of the smoke passage L³ substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
13. The burner A-formed with air inlet-tubes and false perforated bottom in
combination with the perforated plate O and wicking placed upon the perforated
false bottom, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
I
14. The combination with the burner A of the dome K, the stove J, and the
deflector L arranged as described.
15. The plate Ŏ placed above the bottom h through which the fuel is supplied
beneath the plate O substantially as described..
16. The plate O having passages formed in it and placed upon the bottom upon
which the fuel is supplied whereby the said plate acts to vaporize the fuel before
combustion substantially as described.