IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING HOUSES, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES BY MEANS OF STEAM."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Jennings, of Palace Wharf, Stangate, in the
County of Surrey, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
WARMING AND VENTILATING HOUSES, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND OTHER
BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES BY MEANS OF STEAM."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Jennings at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1880.
GEORGE JENNINGS, of Palace Wharf, Stangate, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING HOUSES,
RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES BY MEANS OF
STEAM."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for warming and
ventilating houses, railway carriages, and other buildings or structures by means
of steam.
In order to be able to supply to the interior of any room a continuous supply of
fresh warmed air without such air being inconveniently dry, I employ apparatus
somewhat similar to a tubular steam boiler or condenser set up on end, so that the
tubes stand vertically. The lower ends of the several tubes which pass through
the shell or casing of the apparatus are made to open into an air chamber at the
bottom of the apparatus, from which a pipe or passage leads to the open air. The
upper ends of the tubes project for a few inches above the top end plate of the
shell or casing of the apparatus. This plate is also a few inches below the top edge
of the shell or casing, so that there is formed above the end plate a shallow pan or
trough, which may be kept filled with water; the upper ends of the tubes rise up
through the pan, and when heated heat the water contained in it. The steam
thereby produced gives the necessary moisture to the heated air escaping from the
top of the pipes. Steam is supplied to the interior of the shell or casing, and beats
the tubes which pass up through it. A current of air is thereby caused to stream

page_text: upwards through the pipes, and the air becomes heated as it traverses through
them.
An apparatus of the above description may be placed in each room of a house,
and whenever it is desired to warm any particular room, steam may by opening
a valve be admitted from a steam supply pipe to the shell or casing of the warming
apparatus in that room. The steam supply pipe is kept supplied with steam from
a steam boiler, preferably at the lower part of the building, so that all condensed
water may flow back into the boiler.
By the use of apparatus arranged in the manner above described, great facility
is given for quickly and readily warming any room or part of a building, and for
admitting to it continuously a supply of warmed fresh air. The steam pipe may
be clothed so as to prevent heat escaping from the pipe, and permit of the steam
supply pipe being conveyed to long distances, and yet kept filled with steam from
the steam boiler. An outlet pipe may be led away from the upper part of the shell
or casing of the apparatus to permit of the escape of any steam that is not
condensed in the apparatus, so that the shell or casing shall not be subjected to
any pressure of steam within it; the escape pipe may be led direct to the open air,
or might be led to the casing of a similar apparatus placed at the ceiling of a room
to heat the pipes of such apparatus, and thereby cause a stream of air to be
continuously withdrawn from the room.
Apparatus of the above kind may be used for supplying fresh warmed air to
railway carriages or to other structures which are required to be heated and
ventilated.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said George Jennings in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th August 1881.
GEORGE JENNINGS, of Palace Wharf, Stangate, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING HOUSES,
RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES BY MEANS OF
STEAM."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for warming and
ventilating houses, railway carriages, and other buildings or structures by means
of steam,
In order to be able to supply to the interior of any room a continuous supply of
fresh warmed air without such air being inconveniently dry, I employ apparatus
somewhat similar to a tubular steam boiler or condenser set upon end, so that the
tubes stand vertically. The lower ends of the several tubes which pass through
the shell or casing of the apparatus are made to open into an air chamber at the
bottom of the apparatus, from which a pipe or passage leads to the open air. The
upper ends of the tubes project for a few inches above the top end plate of the
shell or casing of the apparatus. This plate is also a few inches below the top
edge of the shell or casing, so that there is formed above the end plate a shallow
pan or trough, which may be kept filled with water; the upper ends of the tubes
rise up through the pan, and when heated heat the water contained in it. The
steam thereby produced gives the necessary moisture to the heated air escaping
from the top of the pipes. Steam is applied to the interior of the shell or casing,
and heats the tubes which pass up through it. A current of air is thereby caused
to stream upwards through the pipes, and the air becomes heated as it traverses
through them.
An apparatus of the above description may be placed in each room of a house,
and whenever it is desired to warm any particular room, steam may by opening
a valve be admitted from a steam supply pipe to the shell or casing of the warming
apparatus in that room. The steam supply pipe is kept supplied with steam from
a steam boiler, preferably at the lower part of the building, so that all condensed
water may flow back into the boiler. By the use of apparatus arranged in the
manner above described, great facility is given for quickly and readily warming
any room or part of a building, and for admitting to it continuously a supply of
warmed fresh air. The steam pipe may be clothed so as to prevent heat escaping
from the pipe, and permit of the steam supply pipe being conveyed to long distances,
and yet kept filled with steam from the steam boiler.
An outlet pipe may be led away from the upper part of the shell or casing of the
apparatus to permit of the escape of any steam that is not condensed in the
apparatus, so that the shell or casing shall not be subjected to any pressure of
steam within it; the escape pipe may be led direct to the open air, or might be led
to the casing of a similar apparatus placed at the ceiling of a room to heat the
pipes of such apparatus, and thereby cause a stream of air to be continuously
withdrawn from the room.
Apparatus of the above kind may be used for supplying fresh warmed air to
railway carriages, or to other structures which are required to be heated and
ventilated.
Figure 1 of the Drawings hereunto annexed shows a side view, and Figure 2 a
vertical section of one of the steam heating apparatus.
A is a vertical cylindrical casing having two plates B fixed across it, one at a
distance above the bottom, the other at a short distance, say, 4 or 6 inches below

page_text: the top. Fresh air is led into the space below the lower plate B by a suitable pipe
or passage A¹. C, C, are tubes, say, about 1 inch in diameter open at both ends,
and passing through and secured in holes in the plates B. They also project above
the top of the upper plate to about the level of the top of the casing A. The
upper ends of the tubes C can thus be surrounded with water supplied to the upper
part of the casing above the top plate B; D is a pipe by which steam can be
admitted from a steam supply pipe to the interior of the casing A, so as to heat
the exterior of the tubes C; E is a pipe by which any water condensed in the
casing A may flow away and pass back to the feed cistern of the boiler used for
supplying steam; F is a pipe by which any steam. which is uncondensed in the
casing A may either be led away to the open air, or may be led into another
vertical cylindrical casing similar to the casing A set in the roof or covering of the
building or structure being warmed. This casing I close at top and bottom by
horizontal plates, and pass through these plates a number of tubes similar to the
tubes C open at top and bottom; the air in the interior of these tubes will thereby
be heated, and an upward current of air will thereby be set up through the tubes,
and vitiated air will thereby be drawn from the interior of the building or structure,
whilst at the same time a current of fresh warmed air is supplied to the building
or structure through the tubes of the first apparatus.
In place of the air as it enters the building or structure through the tubes C
being supplied with moisture from water surrounding the upper ends of the tubes,
moisture might be supplied to the air to any required extent by admitting a small
jet of steam into the air chamber at the bottom of the apparatus, the amount of
moisture supplied can then readily be regulated by more or less opening a valve
through which the steam is admitted.
By employing steam heating apparatus, such as is above described for supplying
warmed fresh air to any part of a building or structure, large buildings such as
hospitals, churches, and asylums may be ventilated and warmed in a most efficient
manner. A main steam pipe would be led from the steam boiler throughout the
building, and branch pipes would be led from this main steam pipe to each steam
heating apparatus. A cock should be provided on each branch pipe, so that
whenever any one or other of the beating apparatus is not required to be used,
steam may be shut off from this apparatus by closing the tap on the branch steam
pipe leading to it. In this way any of the rooms or passages of a large building
may at any time be kept warmed, whilst other of the rooms or passages not then
required to be warmed may be left unwarmed, and this is effected simply by the
opening or closing of taps to admit or cut off steam from the various rooms of
the building. Also if the main steam pipe which conveys steam to the various
parts of the buildings is suitably clothed or covered, there will be comparatively
little condensation of steam in the pipes, and the steam can thus be conveyed to
long distances from the steam boiler, so that however far away any part of a
building may be from the boiler, such part can be heated and ventilated just as
easily as any other part of the building which may be nearer to the steam boiler,
whereas if a building is warmed by the circulation of hot water there is great
difficulty in so arranging it that each of the several rooms can be warmed or left
unwarmed as desired; and in large buildings also there is great difficulty in
keeping up the requisite circulation of the water, so that in some cases it has even
been necessary to employ a pumping engine to maintain the circulation.
The steam boiler should, as before stated, be placed at the lower part of the
building, so that any water condensing in the pipes may flow back to the boiler.
When the above described system is applied for warming and ventilating
buildings of large size, the boiler may be kept supplied with water by any suitable
small steam pump set to work from time to time as required; the amount of feed
water required will however not be large. With apparatus for warming the buildings
of smaller dimensions an attendant can readily keep the boiler properly supplied
with water by from time to time working a small hand feed pump.

page_text: The system of warming and ventilating above described will also be found very
efficient for warming and ventilating the different parts of ships, as instead of
merely warming them by means of pipes kept heated by steam, as is now sometimes
done, they can be kept both warmed and ventilated with a continuous supply of
fresh warmed air.
Small apparatus, such as shewn in the Drawings, might also be placed in railway
carriages, and be kept supplied with steam of comparatively low pressure taken
from the boiler through a reducing valve, or the exhaust steam might be used for
this purpose.
Having thus described my Invention, and the manner of performing the same, I
would have it understood that I claim,-
The combined system or arrangement of apparatus for warming and ventilating
houses, railway carriages, and other buildings or structures by means of steam,
substantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Jennings, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twelfth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
GEORGE JENNINGS. (L.&.)

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