IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Dawson and Charles
Butcher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June
1882.
GEORGE DAWSON, and CHARLES BUTCHER, both of Thorncliffe, in the County of
York "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES "
This invention relates to that form of Kitchen range in which the fuel is burned
either in a close fireplace to which air is supplied in sufficient quantity the hot air
and products of combustion being conducted through flues provided with dampers
round and under hotplates, ovens, or other chambers which are to be heated; or in
an open fireplace from which the hot air and other products of combustion are
allowed to pass directly to the chimney. It has for its objects improved methods
of constructing and arranging the several parts of such Kitchenrange, so that they
are very simple and cheap in construction and are preferably independent of any
brickwork or setting such as is usually required, produce little or no smoke and
are economical in their consumption of fuel, of which inferior qualities can be
burned, and very effective in heating the ovens and other chambers or vessels and
hot plates, the heated air and gases passing to the chimney through ascending flues
and without the tendency to check the draught which is likely to occur where
descending flues are used.
Assuming our invention to be applied to a Kitchen range in which the fire place
can be used either open or closed, with an oven at one side having a second hot
chamber below it, and upon the other side a boiler also extending in the usual way
across the back of the fireplace, a lot plate being provided above the fire, we take
a framework or enclosure preferably of cast or wrought iron plates screwed or
bolted together, and supported upon legs or supports rendering it independent of
any brick work, and in one side of this framework we make an oven of any desired
size provided in front with one or more hinged doors in the usual way and having
CD

page_text: below it a second heating chamber which is itself preferably raised some distance
above the floor upon which the range stands. By the side of the oven we make at
or near the middle of the length of the range a fireplace or furnace having bars,
preferably vertical, in front and grate bars of the usual kind to support the fuel.
In front of this furnace we fit a hinged door consisting of two plates sufficiently
separated, but connected round their edges so as to enclose a cavity between them.
This cavity is divided into two parts by a horizontal partition at or about the
middle of its height, and through the lower edge of the front plate we make a
series of small holes into the lower cavity, and a corresponding series of small holes
through the back plate just below the dividing partition.
We also make a second series of similar holes through the front plate just above
the partition and another series of holes, or a longitudinal slit or opening through
the upper part of the back plate.
By the arrangement described, when the door is shut close against the front bars
of the furnace it quickly becomes heated and a current of air entering through the
lower range of holes in the front plate of the door becomes heated in the lower
division of the cavity whence it passes through the lower holes in the back plate
into the fire about the centre of its height, whilst a second current of air enters the
upper range of holes in the front plate and becoming heated in the upper division
of the cavity passes through the upper holes or horizontal slit or opening in the
back plate above the fire.
In
By the entrance into and above the fire of these two currents of heated air, the
perfect combustion of the fuel is promoted, and the presence of smoke is prevented.
Above the fire we arrange a horizontal hot plate extending over the whole of the
range up to the side of the oven and provided with openings over which cooking
vessels or utensils can be placed. These openings are fitted with loose moveable
covers, and the top of the furnace itself is provided with a moveable plate which
closes in the fire when desired and is removed when an open fire is required.
front of the hot plate we prefer to arrange in the usual way a projecting ledge
upon which saucepans or other vessels may stand, and in the space below the
furnace we fit a sliding box or ashpan which prevents the admission of air to the
firegrate when it is closed, but is provided with an adjustable damper in front
through which a regulated supply of air can be admitted, and in front of the fire
we arrange a narrow vessel or trough, below the lower edge of the double door
described so as to be covered by the latter when closed, whilst when it is open the
trough receives any cinders or ashes which may fall out between the front bars.
The bottom of the trough is open, but is covered by the front edge of the sliding
ashpan, so that when the latter is opened, any ashes or cinders in the trough fall
into it.
At the outer side of the fire we arrange a hollow box or cheek, against which
the fire rests, formed preferably in two parts screwed or rivetted together so as to
form a closed cavity within which we arrange a number of vertical partitions
reaching nearly to the bottom.
Through the bottom of the front edge of this hollow cheek we make a small hole
extending through the front plate of the range, by which air can enter the cavity,
and at the upper edge of the inner side of the latter we make a series of holes from
which the air entering the cavity as described and beated as it passes up between
the vertical divisions escapes from the box and meets the flame from the top of the
fire as it passes through a lateral slit or opening between the top of the box and a
flange descending from below the hot plate into a space between the bottom of the
latter and the top of the lateral arm of the boiler.
At the back of the furnace a similar hollow box or cheek is arranged in front of
the inclined back of the boiler, the air being admitted into it through one or more
small holes at its bottom and passing into the back of the fire through a series of
holes at its upper part, and an opening is also made above this hollow box directly
into the space between the bottom of the hot plate and the top of the back of the
boiler.

page_text: The sides and top and bottom of the oven and the sides and top of the lower
heating chamber beneath the oven arranged as already described, are made double
of plates screwed or rivetted together, so that the hot air and products of com-
bustion can be admitted into the space between them and made to circulate round
them by means of midfeathers and directing plates properly arranged, before they
pass away to the chimney through an opening communicating with the space
above the top of the oven.
Between the side of the oven and the fire a hollow box
or cheek is arranged similar to that already described upon the outside of the fire,
having a small opening to the front of the range through which air is admitted,
this air being heated in the cavity of the box and escaping into the top of the fire
through a series of holes at the upper part of the box above one or more passages
which are made to pass through the box or check into the space round the side
of the oven. An opening communicates from the space below the hot plate and
above the top of the back of the boiler into the hollow space round the inner side
of the oven.
Suitable dampers of the well known kind are arranged where necessary for
the purpose of directing and regulating the currents of heated air and gases in tho
direction required; and moveable doors may be provided for the removal of soot
when necessary.
Against the inner side of the oven we arrange two hinged plates or doors, one
turning upon a vertical hinge so that when turned out it forms a back to the
fireplace, its lower edge resting upon the hot plate, and the other turning upon an
upper vertical hinge so that when turned down upon the first it rests upon it, and
the two together form a cover or hood through which the smoke is directed, when
an open fire is used, into a passage in the side of the oven case communicating
directly with the chimney.
Suitable openings and cocks or valves for the admission and withdrawal of water
from the boiler are provided where required.
Openings having loose covers may be mado in the outer plato above the top of
the oven, to receive cooking utensils, and the back of the oven is preferably made
double, the space between being filled with hot air.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Dawson and Charles Butcher in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd December 1882.
GEORGE DAWSON and CHARLES BUTCHER, both of Thorncliffe in the County of
York IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES
it
"
Our invention relates to that form of Kitchen range in which the fuel is burned
in a fireplace which can be used either close or open. If close, nir for combustion
eing supplied in sufficient quantity, and the hot air and products of combustion
being conducted through flues provided with dampers, round and under hot plates,
ovens, or other chambers or vessels which are to be heated. If open, the hot air
and other products of combustion being allowed to pass directly to the chimney.
It has for its objects improved methods of constructing and arranging the several
parts of such Kitchen ranges so that they are very simple and cheap in construction,
and are preferably independent of any brickwork or setting such as is usually
required, produce little or no smoke, and are economical in their consumption of fuel,
and very effective in heating the ovens or other chambers or vessels and hot plates,
the heated air, gases and other products of combustion passing to the chimney
through flues ascending and without the tendency to check the draught which is
likely to occur where descending flues are used.
Supposing that our invention is to be applied to a Kitchen range in which the
fireplace is capable of being used either open or close as above described, having
at one side an oven with a second hot chamber below it, at the other side a boiler
which extends also in the usual way across the back of the fireplace, a hot plate
being provided above the fire, we take a framework or enclosure preferably of
cast or wrought iron plates screwed or bolted together, and supported upon legs
or supports which render it independent of any brickwork or masonry, and in one
side of this framework we make an oven of any desired size, provided in front
with one or more doors in the usual way and having below it a second heating
chamber the bottom of which is itself arranged preferably some distance above
the floor on which the range stands. At or near the middle of the length of the
range and by the side of the oven, we make a fireplace or furnace having bars,
preferably vertical, at its front and grate bars of the ordinary kind to support
the fire below. In front of this fireplace we fit a hinged door consisting of two
parallel vertical plates sufficiently separated but connected round their edges
so as to enclose a cavity between them. This cavity is divided into two parts
by a horizontal partition at or about the middle of its height, and through the
front plate near its lower edge we make a series of small holes into the lower
cavity, and a corresponding series of holes through the back plate just below the
horizontal dividing partition.
We also make a second series of similar holes through the front plate just above
the horizontal dividing partition, and another series of holes or a longitudinal slit
or opening through the back-plate near its upper edge.
By the method of construction and arrangement described, when the hollow
door is shut close against the front bars of the fireplace it becomes quickly heated,
and a current of air entering through the lower range of holes in the front plate
becomes heated in the lower division of the cavity, whence it passes through the
lower holes in the back plate into the fire at about the centre of the height of
the latter, whilst at the same time a second current of air enters the upper series
of holes in the front plate and becoming heated in the upper division of the cavity
passes out through the upper holes, or horizontal slit or opening, in the back plate,

page_text: above the fire. By the entrance in this way of these two currents of heated air
into and above the fire respectively, the perfect combustion of the fuel is promoted
and the presence of smoke prevented.
We arrange above the fire a horizontal hot plate extending over the range up to
the side of the oven above described, and provided with suitable openings over
which cooking or other vessels or utensils can be placed. These openings are fitted
with moveable covers, and the top of the furnace or fireplace itself is provided
with a moveable plate which closes in the fire when required and is removed when
an open fire is desired. Wo prefer to arrange in the usual way in front of the hot
plate a projecting ledge upon which saucepans or other vessels or articles may
stand, and in the space below the furnace we fit a sliding box or ashpan which
prevents the admission of air to the firegrate when it is closed, but is provided with
an adjustable ventilator in front, of any of the well known kinds, through which
a regulated supply of air can be admitted as desired; and in front of the fire we
arrange a narrow vessel or trough below the lower edge of the double door already
described, so as to be covered by the latter when the door is closed, whilst when it
is open the trough receives any cinders or ashes which may fall out between the
front bars. The trough is open at the bottom which is covered by the front upper
edge of the sliding ash pan, so that when the latter is drawn out any ashes or
cinders collected in the trough fall into it.
At the outer side of the fire, or that opposite to the oven, we arrange a hollow
box or cheek, which forms the side of the fireplace against which the fire rests,
formed preferably in two parts screwed or rivetted together so as to enclose a
cavity between them within which cavity we sometimes arrange a number of
vertical partitions reaching nearly to the botton. Through the bottom of the
front edge of this hollow cheek we make a hole of sufficient size extending through
the front plate of the range so that air can enter by it into the cavity, and at or
near the upper edge of the inner side of the latter we make a series of holes from
which the air, entering the cavity as described and becoming heated as it passes
up between the vertical divisions, escapes from the hollow cheek and meets the
flame from the top of the fire as the said flame passes, through a lateral horizontal
slit or opening between the top of the check and a vertical flange descending from
the lower side of the hot plate, into a space between the hot plate and the top of
the lateral arm of the boiler which is arranged as has been already described.
At the back of the fireplace a hollow box or cheek similar to that just described,
is also arranged in front of the inclined back of the boiler, air being admitted to
the hollow cheek through one or more holes at its bottom, and passing into the
upper part of the back of the fire through a series of holes at its upper front edge,
and an opening is also made above this hollow cheek directly into the space
between the bottom of the hot plate and' the back of the boiler. The sides
as well as the top and bottom of the oven, and the sides and top of the
lower heating chamber below the oven arranged as already described, are made
double by means of plates screwed or rivetted together, so that the hot air and
products of combustion can be admitted into the space thus formed between them,
and can be made to circulate round them by means of suitable midfeathers and
directing plates properly arranged, before they pass away to the chimney through
an opening communicating with the upper space above the top of the oven.
Between the side of the oven and the fire we arrange a hollow box or cheek,
similar to that upon the opposite or outer side of the fire already described, and
having a similar small opening into the bottom of its front edge from the front of
the range, through which opening air is admitted and after being heated in its
passage up the hollow cheek escapes into the top of the fire through a series of
holes at the upper inner side of the hollow cheek, above one or more passages of
pipes which are made to pass through the hollow box or cheek into the hollow
space round the inner side of the oven.
An opening communicates from the space below the hot plate and above the top
of the back of the boiler to the hollow space round the inner side of the oven.

page_text: We arrange where necessary suitable dampers of any of the well known kinds,
for the purpose of directing and regulating the currents of heated air, gases, and
other products of combustion, in the direction required, and moveable doors may
be provided for the removal of soot when necessary.
We arrange against the inner side of the oven, above the hot plate, two hinged
plates or doors one turning upon a vertical hinge so that when turned out it
forms a back to the open fire, its lower edge resting upon the hot plate; and the
other turning upon an upper horizontal hinge so that when turned outward upon
the first its back edge rests upon the latter and the two together form a cover or
hood through which the smoke is directed, when an open fire is used, into a
passage in the side of the oven case, the upper part of which communicates directly
with the chimney. Suitable openings and cocks or valves for the admission and
withdrawal of water from the boiler are provided where required. Openings
having loose covers may also, be made in the outer horizontal plate above the top
of the oven, to receive cooking or other vessels or utensils; and the back of the
oven is preferably made double, the space between being filled with hot air, A
vertical ledge or guard may be fixed round the back and outer end of the
hot plate.
The accompanying drawing is in illustration of our invention. Figure 1 is a
transverse vertical section and figure 2 a longitudinal vertical section, through the
fireplace. Figures 3 and 4 are horizontal sections. Figure 5 is a perspective view of
the entire range, upon a smaller scale. The same letters of reference indicate the
same parts in the several figures. a is the framework of the range, supported upon
legs b, b, and containing the oven c, having a door d. e is a lower heating chamber,
the fireplace, g the door, consisting of a front plate h, and backplate i, and
partition . The holes through the plates are shewn at l, m, n, o.
The hotplate is shewn at p, provided with openings and moveable covers r, and
a moveable plate s is shewn above the fire. t is a projecting ledge, and u is a
sliding ashpan with adjustable ventilator v, and wis the vessel or trough. is a
hollow cheek, to which air is admitted through the hole y, and escapes through
the holes z. The flame from the fire passes through the opening A and under the
flange B and above the boiler C.
A similar hollow cheek is shewn at D, provided with similar holes y, and z.
E is an opening into the space above the back of the boiler C. Spaces are shewn
at F round the oven, and G, H, are dampers or regulators, and doors. I is a third
hollow cheek also provided with holes y and z, and having a passage K into the
space round the oven. L is also an opening into the space round the oven.
M, N are hinged doors forming a hood over the open fire communicating through
a passage at Ŏ with the chimney at P.
The action of the Kitchen range constructed as described and shewn is as
follows: If it is to be used with a close fire, the two doors M and N are folded
back against the side of the oven c. The opening in the hot plate p is closed by the
moveable plate 8, and the several adjustable regulating dampers are properly opened
or closed. The fire in the furnace upon the grate is supplied with air partly to the
gratebars through the adjustable regulator in the front of the ashpan u, and
partly through the holes l, m, in the outer plate of the door h, such air becoming
heated in the cavity of the door, and then escaping into the fire through the
holes m, in the lower part of the inner plate of the door i, and into the flame and
upper part of the fire through the holes o in the upper part of the inner plate of
the door i, combustion being thus promoted and the production of smoke lessened.
The hot air and products of combustion from the fire then pass through the
openings A and E, above the hollow cheeks or boxes, into the space between the
bottom of the hot plate p, and the top of the boiler C, and thence into the spaces
round the oven c, and hot chamber e, and also through the passage or pipe K, from
the fire to the space at the inner side of the oven, ultimately passing up to the
chimney P.
The perfect combustion of the smoke and hot gases from the fire is promoted by

page_text: the currents of air which are admitted at y, y, y, and after being heated in the
hollow cheeks or boxes x, D, I, issue from the holes,,, meeting the smoke and
heated gases as they pass away.
When it is desired that an open fire should be used instead of a close one, the
moveable plate p, is removed from above the fire, and the plates M, N, are turned
out upon their hinges, forming a hood through which the smoke and products of
combustion pass direct by the passage O, to the chimney P. At the same time the
different dampers are closed or regulated as may be desired.
We do not confine ourselves to the precise method of arrangement and number
and relative proportion of the several parts of the Kitchen rango hereinbefore
described and shewn in the drawing, which may be modified and varied to suit
varying circumstances. For instance, one or more ovens or hot chambers may bo
arranged at the outer side as well as the inner side of the fire, the shape and
position of the boiler or boilers being modified. Or, additional ovens or hot
chambers may be arranged above those described and shewn; but having now
described our invention and the manner in which it is to be performed, we
claim-
First the furnace door, containing a cavity divided by a horizontal division, the
two parts of such cavity having openings for the passage of air at the lower front
edges and upper back edges, substantially as and for the purpose described and
shewn in the drawing. Second, in combination with such furnace door the
lower moveable ashpan having an adjustable air regulator.
Third, in combination with the hollow furnace door and moveable ashpan, the
trough or vessel to receive ashes when the door is open and discharging them into
the ashpan when the ashpan is open, substantially as described and shewa.
Fourth, the hollow side cheeks or boxes having openings for the admission of air
at their lower edges and openings for the discharge of such air, when heated, at
their upper edges, substantially as and for the purposes described and shown in the
drawing. Fifth, the combination with such hollow checks or boxes, of the
descending flange from the hot plate, and the openings between the top of the
boiler and the bottom of the hot plate, substantially as and for the purpose
described and shewn in the drawing. Sixth, the combination with the inner
hollow check or box, of the passage or pipe from its hollow cavity to the hollow
space surrounding the oven, substantially as described and shewn. Seventh, in
combination with the furnace and hot plate with moveable cover, the two hinged
doors forming when opened a hood communicating through a passage in the oven
case with the chimney, substantially as and for the purpose described and shewn
in the drawing. Eighth. The novel method of general arrangement of the furnace,
hollow firedoor, hollow cheeks or boxes, hot plate with moveable cover, oven or
ovens and hot chamber or chambers, boiler or boilers, passages and ascending flues,
and hinged doors, all constructed and arranged substantially as described and shewn
in the drawing.
In witness whereof, we the said George Dawson and Charles Butcher, have
hereunto set our hands and seals this 21st day of December in the year of
GEORGE DAWSON
(L.S.)
CHARLES BUTCHER (L.S.)