Improvements in and connected with Type-writing Machines
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Dec., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 1st Oct., 1900-Accepted, 1st Mar., 1901
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
"Improvements in and connected with Type-writing Machines."
We, PHILIPPE WAKED, of Faggala, Cairo, Government Clerk; ARCHIBALD
DELETO MACDONALD, of Helouan, near Cairo, Government Clerk; HENRI STEINE-
MANN, of Komeldick, Alexandria, Machinery Agent, and AZIZ GEORGE MABARDI,
of Mohamed Ali Square, Alexandria, Machinery Agent, all of Egypt, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention relates to improvements in and connected with type-writing
machines, the object being to provide means whereby any of the machines now
in use for European languages can be readily converted into a machine for
writing Arabic or any other language in which the formation of letters is
similar to Arabic, such as Turkish, Persian and the like, and which improve-
ments are also applicable in the construction of new type-writing machines.
To this end we arrange the carriage to travel from left to right instead of
in the reverse direction as hitherto and substitute Arabic or the like type and
finger keys for those now used in type-writing machines.
In order to retain the present number of finger keys or thereabouts, we have
formed a combination of signs and characters (in the present instance 78) as
shown by the diagram on annexed drawing.
The said combination is composed of dots, accents, parenthesis and part
letters and of the ordinary letters of the Arabic or the like alphabet.
The said dots, accents, parenthesis and part letters individually have no
meaning but when used together or in connection with any of the said Arabic
or the like letters will form a complete letter or letters.
The use of the said dots, accents, parenthesis and part letters forms the main
feature of our invention, as it considerably reduces the number of keys other-
wise necessary for the Arabic or the like language.
It may be remarked that we do not confine ourselves to the exact rotation in
which the signs and characters shown in the annexed diagram are used or the
number of the said signs or characters as they may be varied according to
circumstances and the nature of language used.
DJ this 20th dor of November 1899
F. BOSSHARDT & Co
Agents to Applicants.
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Type-writing Machines."
We, PHILIPPE WAKED, of Faggala, Cairo, Government Clerk; ARCHIBALD
DELETO MACDONALD, of Helouan, near Cairo, Government Clerk; HENRI STEINE-
MANN, of Komeldick, Alexandria, Machinery Agent, and Aziz GEORGE MABARDI,
of Mohamed Ali Square,,Alexandria, Machinery Agent, all of Egypt, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to improvements in and connected with type-writing
machines, the object being to provide means whereby any of the machines now

page_text: in use for European languages can be readily converted into a machine for
writing Arabic or any other language in which the formation of letters is similar
to Arabic, such as Turkish, Persian and the like, and which improvements are
also applicable in the construction of new type-writing machines.
In our improved type-writing machine we arrange the carriage to travel from
left to right, instead of in the reverse direction as hitherto, and substitute
Arabic or the like type and finger keys for those now used in type-writing
machines.
In order to retain the present number of finger keys or thereabouts, we have
formed a combination of signs and characters (in the present instance 78) as
shown on annexed drawing.
The said combination is composed of dots, such as represented by Figures 73,
74, 75, 76, 77;
of accents, such as represented by figures 33, 15, 54;
of parenthesis, such as represented by figures 14, 26;1
of numerals, such as represented by figures 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72;
of part letters, such as represented by figures 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65;
of signs, such as represented by figures 36, 40;
and of the ordinary letters of the Arabic or the like alphabet, such as repre-
sented by Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29. 30, 31, 32, 34, 35. 37. 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,
47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 78.
The said dots, and part letters individually have no meaning but when used
together or in connection with any of the said Arabic or the like letters will
form a complete letter or letters.
When using for example dots, such as figs. 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, or accents,
such as figs. 33, 15, 54, the normal carriage feed is suspended by the keys
having cut away a portion where they come in contact with the universal
bar (the rod extending across all the keys underneath the machine in the rear).
The key with a portion of it cut out, when depressed, marks the dot or accent (as
the case may be) but the carriage itself remains stationary.
The characters are built up, for instance by striking say a part letter, such
as figs. 57, 58 or 59 and afterwards striking and thereby adding to the top or
bottom thereof a dot or dots, such as figs. 73, 74, 75, 76 or 77, which then for
instance form impressions similar as shown in figs. 25, 18, 45, 19.
The use of the said dots, accents, parenthesis, numerals, signs, and part
letters forms the main feature of our invention, as it considerably reduces the
number of keys otherwise necessary for the Arabic or the like language.
It may be remarked that we do not confine ourselves to the exact rotation in
which the signs and characters shown in the annexed diagram are used or the
number of the said signs or characters as they may be varied according to circum-
stances and the nature of language used, but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
In a type-writing machine, the combination of Arabic or the like type and
finger keys, comprising dots, accents, parenthesis, numerals, signs, part letters
and the ordinary letters of the Arabic or the like alphabet, the said dots, and
part letters having only a meaning when used together or in connection with
any of the said Arabic or the like letters, all substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
Dated this 29th day of Sentember 1000
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.
4, Corporation Street, Manchester,
Agents to Applicants.