IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFacture OF PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Holland, of the Firm of Cox, Brothers,.
and Holland, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFacture
OF PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."-Partly a
communication from abroad by Henry Myers, of No. 259, Rue St.
Martin, Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Holland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th January 1875.
I, WILLIAM HOLLAND, of the Firm of Cox, Brothers, and Holland,
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as
follows:-
The said Invention consists first in making those parts of umbrellas.

page_text: and parasols called runners and top notches in the following manner:—
In order to make a runner a tubular barrel or body is taken, the said
barrel being made without a joint by what is commonly called the
drawing through process. At the part where the notch of the runner is
to be fixed a projection or shoulder is made by means of a lathe and
pressing tools. This shoulder serves as a stop or bearing for the notch,
and determines the position of the notch with great accuracy. The
notch is made of two ring-like blanks of sheet metal, the inner edge of
which is raised or turned into a cylindrical or short tube-like form. The
size of the short tubes thus made on the two blanks from which the
notch is made is such that they fit accurately on the drawn through tube
constituting the barrel of the runner.
The two blanks forming the notch are placed on the barrel of the
runner, with the tubular part inwards, that is, the tubular part of the
first blank abuts against the shoulder on the barrel, and the tubular part
of the second blank abuts against the face of the first blank. The end
of the barrel is turned over or burnished on the face of the second blank,
and the whole secured together either by soldering or by plunging the
partly made runner into a bath. of melted zinc or other easily fused metal
or alloy, according to the Inventions described in the Specifications of
Letters Patent granted to me and Thomas Cox on the 2nd day of
October, 1872, No. 2907, and on the 8th day of October, 1872, No. 2962.
Top notches are made essentially in the manner described with respect
to a runner.
The said Invention consists further of the following construction and
arrangement or combination of the parts of a machine for the manu-
facture of ribs for umbrellas and parasols. The said machine is especially
fitted for making ribs from wire fed direct from the bobbin containing
it, but cut lengths of wire may be fed into the machine by hand or by
a feeder.
The said machine consists essentially of a series of tools working
horizontally on the bed of the machine for fashioning the joint end of
the rib and removing or cutting away a piece at the said joint end; for
marking the rib near the middle where the stretcher joint is to be
attached and for forming the knob or head on the opposite end of the
rib and flattening the wire near the said knob or head.
The tools for fashioning the joint end of the rib consist of a fixed
flattening tool and a moveable flattening tool, the latter having a

page_text: shoulder which works over the fixed tool. Working against the fixed
tool is a cutting tool for rounding the joint end and at the same
time cutting away a piece of wire from in front of the said joint end,
the said cutter working against the edge of the flattening tool and
against the edge of a fixed tubular guide through which the wire is fed
into the machine.
The pair of tools for marking the rib for the stretcher joint, and also
the pair of tools for flattening the wire near the knob or
head are
moveable tools, the said tools moving in opposite directions to operate
upon the wire. The heading tool which moves in the direction of the
axis of the wire, and forms the head by upsetting or compressing the end
of the wire, is situated at right angles to the pair of flattening tools near
which it is situated, the head or knob being formed partly in the heading
tool and partly in the faces of the following tools.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The wire from the bobbin
is straightened by a series of rollers, and is fed into the machine by a
feeder consisting essentially of a gripping lever operated by a rocking
shaft, and the latter by bevilled gearing or otherwise from the main or
cam shaft of the machine. The said wire is fed through the tubular guide
herein before referred to in front of the machine, and passes between
the several pairs of tools described, and its end made to bear against the
heading tool which acts as a stop, the wire being supported in a trough.
The wire being thus fed into the machine the pairs of flattening tools at
the front and back of the machine and the marking tools near the middle
of the machine simultaneously or nearly so advance and shape the wire
at the joint and knob ends and "mark" the middle of the wire, and
while the wire is held between the said tools the heading tool advances
and compresses the end of the wire and forms a knob or head thereon.
The cutting tool near the front pair of flattening tools now advances and
rounds the joint end of the wire and cuts out a piece from the wire in
front of the said joint end so as to separate the rib from the wire and
determine the length of the rib.
The several tools retiring, the rib is removed from the machine by
knockers off operating upon the ends of the rib.
The flattening or shaping and marking tools and the heading tool and
cutting tool are carried in slides on the bed of the machine, the said
slides being worked by levers operated by cams on a shaft under the
A 2.

page_text: bed and running from end to end of the machine. The knockers off are
worked by cams on the said shaft as well as the motion of the feeder
taken from the said shaft.
r
When cut lengths of wire are to be fed into the machine last
described and into other machines for the manufacture of ribs and.
stretchers for umbrellas and parasols feeders constructed as follows may
be employed-The cut lengths of wire are placed horizontally in a
vertical slot or flat hopper, a pile of the cut lengths filling the said
hopper. Two horizontal pointed arms jointed to a lever and situated at
a distance apart equal to about the thickness of one of the wires work in
cross holes near the bottom of the hopper. By the backward and
forward working of these arms the wires are allowed to descend one at a
time from the hopper, and are received in the machine, the advance of
the upper arm supporting the pile of wires, while the retiring of the
lower arm allows the bottom wire of the pile to fall; or the feeding may
be effected by the advance of one square ended arm only. In this case
the pile of wires is situated above a horizontal surface at such a distance
therefrom that the bottom wire can be pushed out from under the
hopper by the advance of the arm. At each advance motion of the arm
the bottom wire is pushed into the machine, and on the retiring motion
of the said arm the pile of wires descends and thereby brings another
wire immediately opposite the arm ready to be fed into the machine on
the next advance of the said arm.
The required to-and-fro motion of the arms described is affected by an
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Holland in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HOLLAND, of the Firm of Cox, Brothers, and Holland, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in

page_text: the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
succesors, give and grant unto me, the said William Holland, Her
special license, that I, the said William Holland, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Holland,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS,
AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS," (the result partly of a communication made to me from
abroad by Henry Myers, of No. 259, Rue St. Martin, Paris, France,
and partly of Invention and discovery made by me) upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Holland, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Holland, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The said Invention consists, first, in making those parts of umbrellas
and parasols called runners and top notches in the following manner:— -In
order to make a runner a tubular barrel or body is taken, the said barrel
being made without a joint by what is commonly called the drawing
through process. At the part where the notch of the runner is to be
fixed, a projection or shoulder is make by means of a lathe and pressing
tools. This shoulder serves as a stop or bearing for the notch and
determines the position of the notch with great accuracy. The notch is
made of two ring-like blanks of sheet metal, the inner edge of which is
raised or turned into a cylindrical or short tube-like form. The size
of the short tubes thus made on the two blanks from which the notch is
made is such that they fit accurately on the drawn-through tube
constituting the barrel of the runner,
55

page_text: The two blanks forming the notch are placed on the barrel of the
runner with the tubular part inwards, that is, the tubular part of the
first blank abuts against the shoulder on the barrel, and the tubular part
of the second blank abuts against the face of the first blank. The end of
the barrel is turned over or burnished on the face of the second blank,
and the whole secured together either by soldering or by plunging the
partly made runner into a bath of melted zinc or other easily fused
metal or alloy, according to the Inventions described in the Specifications
of Letters Patent granted to me and Thomas Cox on the Second day of
October 1872, No. 2907, and on the Eighth day of October 1872, No. 2962.
Top notches are made essentially in the manner described with respect to
a runner.
The said Invention consists further of the following construction and
arrangement or combination of the parts of a machine for the manu-
facture of ribs for umbrellas and parasols. The said machine is especially
fitted for making ribs from wire fed direct from the bobbin containing it,
but cut lengths of wire may be fed into the machine by hand or by a
feeder.
The said machine consists essentially of a series of tools working
horizontally on the bed of the machine for fashioning the joint end of
the rib and removing or cutting away a piece at the said joint end for
"marking" the rib near the middle where the stretcher joint is to be
attached, and for forming the knob or head on the opposite end of the
rib, and flattening the wire near the said knob or head.
The tools for fashioning the joint end of the rib consists of a fixed
flattening tool and a moveable flattening tool, the latter having a
shoulder upon it which works over the fixed tool. Working against the
fixed tool is a cutting tool for rounding the joint end, and at the same
time cutting away a piece of wire from in front of the said joint end, the
said cutter working against the edge of the flattening tools and against
the edge of a fixed tubular guide. Or a piece may be cut from the knob
end of the wire instead of from the joint end. The tools for fashioning
the joint end of the rib may both be moveable tools.
The pair of tools for marking the rib for 'the stretcher joint, and also
the pair of tools for flattening the wire near the knob or head are
moveable tools, the said tools moving in opposite directions to operate.
upon the wire. The beading tool, which moves in the direction of the

page_text: axis of the wire and forms the head by upsetting or compressing the end.
of the wire, is situated at right angles to the pair of flattening tools near.
which it is situated, the head or knob being formed partly in the heading..
tool, and partly in the faces of the flattening tools..
D
The action of the machine is as follows:-The wire from the bobbin
is straightened by a series of rollers, and is fed into the machine by a
feeder consisting essentially of a gripping lever operated by a rocking
arm, and the latter by bevil gearing or otherwise from the main or cam
shaft of the machine. The said wire is fed through the tubular guide,
herein-before referred to, in front of the machine, and passes between
the several pairs of tools described, and its end made to bear against the
heading tool, which acts as a stop, the wire being supported in a trough.
The wire being thus fed into the machine the pairs of flattening tools at
the front and back of the machine and the marking tools near the
middle of the machine simultaneously or nearly so advance and shape.
the wire at the joint and knob ends, and "mark" the middle of the
wire; and while the wire is held between the said tools the heading
tool advances and compresses the end of the wire, and forms a knob or
head thereon. The cutting tool near the front pair of flattening tools now
advances and rounds the joint end of the wire, and cuts out a piece from
the wire in front of the said joint end, so as to separate the rib from the.
wire, and determine the length of the rib.
The several tools retiring, the rib is removed from the machine by:
knockers-off operating upon the ends of the rib.
The flattening or shaping and marking tools and the heading tool and
cutting tool are carried in slides on the bed of the machine, the said
slides being worked by levers operated by cams on a shaft under the bed,
and running from end to end of the machine. The knockers-off arc
also worked by cams on the said shaft, as well as the motion of the
feeder taken from the said shaft.
When cut lengths of wire are to be fed into the machine last described
and into other machines for the manufacture of ribs and stretchers for
umbrellas and parasols feeders constructed as follows may be employed :-
The cut lengths of wire are placed horizontally in a vertical slot or flat
hopper, a pile of the cut lengths filling the said hopper. Two horizontal
arms jointed to a lever and situated at a distance apart, equal to about
the thickness of one of the wires, work in cross holes near the bottom of

page_text: bottom of the annular groove of the notch, in which the wire forming
the joint lies. The parts of the notch thus arranged on the barrel arc
fixed in their places very securely, either by soldering them to the
barrel or by galvanizing or tinning them, according to the patented
processes herein-before referred to.
The rings of which the notch is composed may either be notched or
grooved before or after they are fastened on the barrel.
Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent the several stages by which the rings
or pieces of the notch are formed, that is to say, the blank, Figure 3, is
first cut out at a press or stamp and then pierced, as represented in
Figure 4, so as to convert it into a ring. By means of raising tools
worked in a press the inner edge of the ring, Figure 4, is raised or bent
into a cylindrical figure, so as to form on the said ring a short tube or
collar, as represented in front and back elevation and section in Figure 5.
The ring with a collar on one face is now ready to be placed on the
drawn tube forming the barrel of the runner; or the said ring may be
notched or cross grooves cut in it, as represented in Figure 6, before it is
fixed on the barrel.
Figure 7 represents the drawn tube forming the barrel, and Figure 8
represents the same after the projection or shoulder b has been spun
upon it. After the notch has been fastened on the barrel the bead e,.
Figures 1 and 2, at the end of the barrel is spun upon it.
Although it is preferred to employ the shoulder on the barrel for
determining the exact position of the notch, yet the said shoulder may
be omitted.
Top notches are made in the manner herein-before described with
respect to runners, excepting that a shorter barrel is employed.
I will now describe the machine for the manufacture of ribs for
umbrellas and parasols constructed according to the said Invention.
Figure 9 represents the said machine in plan, and Figure 10 a side
elevation of the same, a rib which has been made in the machine being
represented about to be lifted therefrom; Figure 11 is a cross section of
the machine taken on the line A, A, Figure 9; Figure 12 is a cross
section of the same taken on the line B, B, Figure 9; Figure 13 is a
cross section of the same taken on the line C, C, Figure 9; and
Figure 14 is a cross section of the same taken on the line D, D,

page_text: Figure 9. The cross sections Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14, are drawn to a
scale double that of Figures 9 and 10.
Figure 15 represents in plan the tools for fashioning the joint end of
the rib and for severing the length of wire..
. Figure 16 represents in plan the tools for "marking" the rib near the
middle where the stretcher joint is to be fixed, and Figure 17 represents
in plan the tools for cutting off the wire at the knob end, for forming
the knob or head, and for flattening the wire near the said knob or head,
the said Figures 15, 16, and 17 being drawn of the full size.
The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts in:
Figures 11 to 17, both inclusive.
a is the wire from which the ribs are to be made, the said wire being
fed into the machine direct from a bobbin, the wire before it enters the
machine passing through the ordinary straightening rollers.
The feeder by which the wire a is fed consists of a gripping lever 6:
carried by the dovetail slide c working on the bed of the machine, the wiro
being gripped by the adjustable pin on the short upper arm of the said
gripping lever. By the operation of the feeder the wire is gripped by the
lever b, and a length sufficient to form a rib is carried into the machine..
On the gripping lever releasing the wire a the slide c makes its back
stroke ready to feed forward another length of wire. The wire fed into
the machine passes through the guide tube d and box d² (see Figure 15)
at the front part of the machine and into and through the holding boxes
or troughs e, f, on the bed of the machine. These boxes or troughs e, f,
are opened and closed at the proper times by the sliding covers g, h, one 2
of which covers is best seen in Figure 13. The said boxes are closed
during the shaping operations, but are opened when the rib is to be
removed from the machine, as herein-after explained. The wire fed into.
the machine passes between the respective pairs of tools by which the
wire is fashioned, cut off, and headed. The pair of tools by which the
joint end of the rib is fashioned and the wire cut off are marked i, k,
the said tools moving in opposite directions. The said tools i, k, are
carried in the slides ², k³, working across the bed of the machine (see
Figures 12 and 15). The pairs of tools by which the rib is marked at
the middle where the stretcher joint is to be attached arc lettered l, m.
The said tools l, m, move in opposite directions, and are carried by

page_text: the slides 1, m², working across the bed of the machine (see Figures 10
and 16).
The Battening tools, by which the wire near the knob end is flattened,
are marked n, p. These tools also grip and hold the wire during the
operation of the heading tool q, the said heading tool moving in the
direction of the axis of the wire a. The flattening tools n, p, move in
opposite directions, and are carried by the slides n³, p³, working across
the bed of the machine. The heading tool q is carried by the slide qª..
Near the flattening tools n, p, are cutters r, 8, moving in opposite
directions, by means of which cutters a piece is cut off from the end of
the wire, so as to detirmine with great nicety the length of the rib and
the size of the head or knob, which is compressed or upset on the end of
the wire by the operation of the heading tool q. The cutting tools has
a shoulder & upon it, against which shoulder the part of the other
cutting tool works, the cutting off being effected between the parts
and 8 of the said cutting tools.
The cutters 7, 8, or similar cutters may be used in conjunction with
the tools i, k, instead of in conjunction with the tools n, p.
In this case
the piece is cut from the wire at the joint end instead of at the knob.
end.
The wire having been fed between the several pairs of tools and
cutters described, and in front of the heading tool q, the wire a just
before the feeding slide c makes its back or return motion is gripped
between the pair of holding tools t, u, the upper tool t being stationary,
but adjustable, and the lower tool u having a vertical sliding motion.
While the wire is thus gripped the fattening tools i, k, and n, p, and the
marking tools l, m, advance simultaneously or nearly so, and shape the
wire at the joint and knob ends, and "mark" the middle of the wire,
the flattening tools i, k, also separating the length of wire situated in-
the boxes e, f, from that behind it, which is next to be fed into the
machine. The cutters 7, 8, also advance and cut off a piece from the-
knob end of the wire, and while the wire is held between the said tools,
and after the cutters 7, 8, have retired, the heading tool q advances and
compresses or upsets the end of the wire, and forms a knob or head.
thereon, the head or knob being partly formed in the heading tool g and
partly in the faces of the flattening tools n, p. The rib having been.
thus made the several tools retire and release the rib; the. boxes or

page_text: troughs e, f, are opened by the sliding off them of the lids g, h, and the
rib is lifted from the said boxes by the operation of the intermittent
carriers or notched wheels v, w, and removed from the machine in the
manner herein-after particularly explained. Another length of wire
being fed into the machine the operations described are repeated.
The feeding mechanism represented in Figures 9 and 10, in conjunction
with a pair of cutters may be used, without the working tools represented
for feeding and cutting wire from a bobbin into lengths for the manu-
facture of ribs and stretchers.
I will now describe the manner in which the several moving parts of
the machine are worked.
x is the driving shaft, and y is the cam shaft, having at one end a fly
wheel 3. From the cam shaft y the motions of the several working
tools are taken, the said cam shaft passing under the middle of the bed
of the machine carrying the said working tools. The cam shaft y is
geared to the driving shaft x by the bevil gearing z. The feeder is
worked from the shaft 2 geared to the driving shaft a by the toothed
gearing 3. The said shaft 2 carries a crank plate 4, the adjustable crank
pin 5 of which works in the slotted arm 6, and gives a rocking or
vibratory motion to the said arm 6. The upper end of the rocking arm 6.
is connected by the link 7 to the gripping lever of the feeding slide c.
By the motion of the crank pin 5 of the crank plate 4 in the slotted
arm 6 the required to-and-fro motion is given to the slide c, and the
gripping lever brought into and taken out of action at the proper times
for gripping and releasing the wire.
The vertical sliding gripping tool u for holding the wire after the
feeding slide has retired, is lifted at the proper times by the cam u² on
the cam shaft y (see Figure 11) the said sliding tool taking the position
represented by its own weight or by a spring. The pair of slides
carrying the fashioning and cutting off tools i; k, are worked by the
levers is, ³, and the latter by the double acting cam 8, 8, on the shaft y,
the return motion of the levers being effected by the coiled springs
10, 10, (see Figure 12). The marking tools l, m, and flattening tools n, p,
are worked by levers and cams similar to those by which the tools i, k,
are worked. One of the levers of the tools l, m, is marked P³, and the
double acting cam is marked 11 in Figure 10, and one of the levers of
the tools n, p, is marked n³, and the double acting cam is marked 12 in.

page_text: feeders.
I will now describe the feeders constituting part of this Invention.
Figure 18 represents in side elevation (partly in section) a feeder
for feeding cut lengths of wire into machines for the manufacture of ribs
and stretchers, the said feeder being constructed according to one of the
arrangements of this Invention; Figure 19 is a plan of the same. a is
the vertical slot or flat hopper in which the pile of cut lengths of wires b
is placed horizontally, the said cut lengths being fed from the upper part
a of the hopper. The bottom of the flat hopper is connected by the
spout a with the carrier or notched wheel c, by which the cut lengths
are received and carried into the machine; d, e, are two horizontal arms
working in the guide f, and jointed respectively to the arms of the lever
g turning on the centre g². Two pairs of these horizontal arms d, e, are
used, one pair of arms being situated near one end of the flat hopper
a, and the other pair of arms near the opposite end of the said hopper.
The acting ends d², e², of each pair of arms d, e, are situated at a
distance apart equal to about the thickness of one of the wires in the flat
hopper a, the said acting ends d², e², working in cross holes near the
bottom of the hopper as represented. A backward and forward
motion is given to the pairs of arms by the action of the cams h, h, on
the shaft i, operating upon the upper ends of the levers g, g, to which the
said pairs of arms are respectively jointed.
By the motion communicated to cach pair of arms it will be seen that
while the upper arm d, d², of each pair is making its retiring motion the
lower arm e, e, of each pair is making its advancing motion. The
result of this arrangement is that the wires & in the hopper a are allowed
to descend one at a time from the said hopper, the advance of the upper
arm & supporting the pile of wires, while the retiring of the lower
arm e allows the bottom wire of the pile to fall down the spout a³ into
a notch in the carrier wheel c, as will be understood by an examination'
of Figure 18. The upper side of the end of the arm & is bevilled as
represented, so that when the said arm makes its advance stroke to
support the column of wires while the bottom one is allowed to fall, the
said bevilled arm slightly raises the column in the hopper. The upper

page_text: part a of the hopper may be dispensed with, and the cut lengths of wire
be fed into the flat hopper a by hand.
Figures 20, 21, and 22 represent a modification of the feeder last
described; Figure 20 representing a side elevation of the feeder;
Figure 21, a front elevation of a portion of the same; and Figure 22, a
plan of the same. In this arrangement a single reciprocating arm is used
near cach end of the flat hopper a instead of a pair of arms, the single
arms being square ended. The said single arms are marked k, k³, k, k³,
and each arm is worked by a cranked lever operated by the cam m on
the shaft n. In this arrangement the pile of wires is supported on the
bottom at of the hopper, the last wire of the pile being situated opposite
the square ends of the arms, and also opposite a horizontal slot a³ in the
front of the hopper, as seen in Figure 20. At cach. advance motion of
the arms k, k², k, 2, the bottom wire is pushed by their acting ends
through the horizontal slot a³ into the machine or into a carrier, and on
the retiring motion of the said arms the pile of wires descends, and
thereby brings another wire immediately opposite the arms %, k², and
slot a³ ready to be fed into the machine on the next advance of the said
arms.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and
illustrated as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of the said Invention, but I claim as the said Invention,―
First. The improvements in the manufacture of runners and top.
notches for umbrellas and parasols herein-before described and illustrated
in Figures 1 to 8, both inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings, that
is to say, making the notches of the said runners and top notches of
rings or ring-like pieces having on their inner edges short tubes or
collars, which said short tubes or collars fit accurately on the barrel of
the runner or top notch, the said rings being arranged with respect to.
one another, and fixed on the barrel, substantially as described and
illustrated.
Iolaim with rosnant to the mashinary for tha manufacture of niko fan

page_text: Secondly. The combination of the series of horizontal tools moving in
opposite directions for fashioning the joint end of the rib for marking the
rib where the stretcher joint is to be fixed for forming the knob or head
on the opposite end of the rib, and for flattening the rib near the knob
or head, substantially as described and illustrated; also the arrangement
of parts for working the said tools.
Thirdly. The combination of the cutters r, s, or similar cutters with
the tools for flattening the wire at the knob end or joint end of the wire,"
whereby a piece at the knob end or joint end of the wire is cut off
prior to the heading operation, as and for the purposes described and 1
illustrated.
Fourthly. The arrangement or combination of the feeding mechanism
represented in Figures 9 and 10 for feeding a length of wire into the
machine, substantially as described and illustrated; also the combination
of the said feeding mechanism with a pair of cutters for feeding and 1
cutting wire into lengths for the manufacture of ribs and stretchers.
Fifthly. The arrangement or combination of parts herein-before
described and illustrated for opening and closing the boxes or troughs
in which the wire is held during the shaping operations.
Sixthly. The arrangement or combination of parts, substantially as 2
described and illustrated, for lifting the finished ribs from the boxes or
troughs, and removing them from the machine.
Seventhly. The general arrangement or combination of the parts
enumerated in claims 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 into a machine for the manu-
facture of ribs for umbrellas and parasols as described and illustrated.
I claim with respect to the feeders described and illustrated in
Figures 18 to 22, both inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings,
Eighthly. The construction and arrangement of the parts of feeders,
substantially as described and represented in Figures 18 and 19, for
feeding cut lengths of wires into machines for the manufacture of ribs a
and stretchers for umbrellas and parasols, that is to say, the combination
of one or more pairs of reciprocating horizontal arms constructed and
worked as described and illustrated, whereby the advance of one of the
arms of each pair supports the pile of wires, while the retiring of the
other arm of each pair allows the bottom wire to fall; also the modifi-

page_text: cation described and illustrated in Figures 20, 21, and 22, in which one
or more single arms are employed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Holland, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
WILLIAM HOLLAND. (L.S.)
Witness,
ARTHUR HAWLEY ASSINDER.