IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING. SPINNING, AND DRYING YARNS, AND MANUFACTURING THE SAME INTO CLOTH
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Leach, James Leach, and Edmund Leach
the younger, all of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Makers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR PREPARING. SPINNING, AND DRYING YARNS, AND MANUFACTURING THE SAME
INTO CLOTH."
Sealed the 20th May 1856, and dated the 15th February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Leach, James
Leach, and Edmund Leach the younger, at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th February 1856.
We, EDMUND LEACH, JAMES LEACH, and EDMUND LEACH the younger, all
of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DRYING YARNS, AND MANUFACTURING
THE SAME INTO CLOTH: "-
Our said Invention consists, firstly, of taking the ordinary twisted rovings
and winding a number of them upon a spool or bobbin by surface motion,
preparatory to their being conveyed to a mule or other spinning machine,
fitted with surface drums for uncoiling the rovings.
Secondly, in placing the cops or bobbins of yarn upon revolving spindles
and passing the threads over a friction surface on a bobbin or spool, having a
[Price Sd.]

page_text: differential motion according to the diameter,so as to cause an uniform quantity
of twist during the operation of winding.
Thirdly, in doffing combs where the radial arms are in front of the doffing
cylinder, as in the machines generally known as "Belgian condensors." We
place the centre of the radial arm much under the centre, and further from
the doffing cylinder, by which means the comb follows more closely the
surface of the doffer, and enables us to doff it much nearer and more direct
to the belt, apron, or roller, which receives the same, also giving greater fucility
for piecing up broken sliver.
Fourthly, in steeping the warp or yarn (if wool or a combination of wool
and other material) in urine or other scouring liquor, passing it between
pressing rollers under a roller or rollers in a vessel containing a liquid, then
through a series of such cisterns and pressing rollers until the yarn or warp is
cleansed. We then pass it through pressing rollers to make it fit to receive
tlie size; it then passes under rollers containing size or some stiffening matter,
then through another pair of pressing rollers to regulate the quantity of size
or stiffening matter to be used; it then passes over a cylinder or roller, from
which it falls into a suitable receiver, or wound upon a reel.
Fifthly, in drying the warp, yarn, or cloth, we wind it upon a reel formed
with radiating arms, having grooves to admit of staves being placed between
each coil, and by the application of a fan revolving upon the same shaft, and
in the interior of the said reel, for the purpose of circulating a current of air
through such warps or yarns to facilitate the drying of the same. We also
place steam pipes or chests under the reel to encrease the temperature of the
current. In drying cloth, we place the fan at right angles, to force the
current of air through the interstices formed by the winding on of the cloth.
Sixthly.in making theheddles and reeds of wider meshes and dentstowards
their extremities than in their centres,to avoid the contraction of the weft, and
keep the selvedges at a proper tension.
Seventhly, in the employment of a conical serrated roller in connectionwith
a friction wheel, acted upon by the movement of the lathe or other motion,
forming a self-acting temple. Or instead of the said conical serrated roller,
we use a serrated plate ou one side of the cloth, and acting upon another
plate orsurface on the opposite side, one of the said plates being made to open
by the action of the lathe and close on the lathe receding.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Leach, James Leach, and Edmund Leach the
younger, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDMUND
LEACH, JAMES LEACH, and EDMUND LEACH the younger, all of Rochdale, in
the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Edmund Leach, James Leach, and Edmund Leach the younger, Her
special licence that we, the said Edmund Leach, James Leach, and Edmund
Leach the younger, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Edmund Leach, James Leach, and Edmund Leach the
younger, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DRYING YARNS, AND MANUFACTURING
THE SAME INTO CLOTH," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Edmund Leach, James Leach, and Edmund Leach the younger, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Leach, for and on behalf of
myself and the said James Leach and Edmund Leach the younger, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in taking a number of ordinary twisted
rovings and placing them in a suitable creel, and winding them upon a long
spool or bobbin bearing upon a surface drum, the rovings passing through suit-
able guides and at a proper pitch for the spinning machine, such guides having
a short traverse to wind the threads even and regular, and when using untwisted

page_text: rovings they are placed upon surface drums or creeper, as shewn, for uncoiling
the same. These surface drums or creeper for uncoiling are connected with
the surface drum for winding on, so that the letting off of the one will cor-
respond with the taking up of the other. And when spinning two or more
threads together, a corresponding number of rovings pass through the same
guide, and are wound on the spool or bobbin with great uniformity.
Secondly, in placing the cops or bobbins of yarn upon revolving spindles
and passing the threads over a friction surface (to give sufficient tightness to
the thread) on a bobbin or spool upon a vertical spindle, such spindle having
a differential motion communicated by conical drums or other suitable appa-
ratus, so as to wind at one uniform rate whatever the size of the bobbin may
be; hence, an uniform quantity of twist during the operation of winding, the
amount of twist being given by the speed of the first-mentioned revolving
spindles. We also apply a cam or small lever to each of the winding spools,
for the purpose of lifting the bobbin from the friction plate or notch which
takes the bobbin round with the spindle. This is done for the purpose of
facilitating the piecing up of the threads when broken.
Thirdly, in doffing combs where the radial arms to which the combs are
attached are in front of the doffing cylinder,as inthemachinesgenerally known
as "Belgian condensers." We place the centre of the radial arm of the comb
of the lower doffing comb in front of and below the rubbing belts and further
from the doffing cylinder, by which means a greater length of lever is obtained,
which causes the doffing comb to follow more closely the surface of the doffer,
thereby stripping the sliver from the card much more efficiently, and enabling
us to doff it much nearer and more direct to the belt, apron, or roller, which
receives the same, and allowing greater facility for piecing up broken slivers.
Also for a combination of the radial arms of combs, in which their centres or
fulcrums are placed in an opposite position to those before described. The
centres.can be placed either upon the doffer shaft or further from the front of
the doffer, by which means the doffing combs can be made to cover a larger
space upon the doffing cylinder, and doff the required quantity of work with
the crank and comb working at a slower motion. When the centre is at a
convenient distance farther from the doffing cylinder, the cranks and combs
are caused to recede from the dofting position when rising up, either more or
less, according to the position of the centre, thereby causing the doffing combs
to be clear of the card as much as required, and in going down they are
brought to their proper doffing position. The radial arms and combs are
worked by a crank in the usual manner, and balanced by weighting an opposite
lever, or by the action of a spring.

page_text: Fourthly, in steeping the warp or yarn (if wool or a combination of wool
and other material) in urine or other scouring liquor, passing it between
pressing rollers and under a roller or rollers in a vessel or cistern containing
a suitable liquid, then through a series of such pressing rollers and cisterns,
until the yarn or warp is cleansed. We then pass it through pressing rollers
to make it fit to receive the size, and under a roller or rollers in a cistern con-
taining size or other stiffening matter, then between another pair of pressing
rollers, to regulate the quantity of size or stiffening matter to be used, and
over a cylinder or roller, from which it falls into a suitable receiver; or it
may be wound upon a reel, thus combining a series of operations which have
hitherto been performed partly by hand. The scouring process has hitherto
been done by hand. The principal merit of our machine is having both pro-
cesses combined in one machine, by which a great saving of time and labour
is effected and much better done; and by employing power to draw the yarn
through the required number of cisterns, it is cleansed and sized after making
one course through the machine.
Fifthly, in drying the warp, yarn, or cloth, we wind it upon a reel, formed
with radiating arms, having grooves to admit of staves being placed between
each coil, and by the application of a fan revolving within the interior of
the said reel, or outside, if preferred, for the purpose of circulating a current
of air through the warps or yarns, to facilitate the drying of the same. The
radiating arms are made fast to centre plates, which revolve upon the fan,
shaft, or other suitable bearings. The fan and reel may be made to revolve
at any desired speed, but we prefer the reel to revolve much slower than the
fan; they may turn either in the same or contrary directions to each other.
In drying cloth, we place the fan at the exterior of the reel, at or about right
angles, so as to force the current of air through the interstices formed by the
winding of the cloth. Under or around the said machine we obtain heat from
steam pipes or hot air by any of the well-known methods; the heat rising,
and the fan moving rapidly, causes a great current of air to pass between the
yarns or cloth, thus drying it quickly.
Sixthly,in making the meshes and dents of the heddles and reeds gradually
wider towards their extremities than in the centres, to compensate for the
contraction of the weft, caused by the tightness of the thread as drawn from
the shuttle, which varies according to the number of shoots and width of the
loom; for example, an ordinary made reed with equal dents, and seventeen
dents to an inch, with two threads in each dent, and the length of the reed
about seven feet. In a couple of flannels woven in a reed of this description
the warp threads will vary as much as one-fourth, that is, they will be one-

page_text: fourth closer at the edge than in the centre; so that if the piece has fifty-five
shoots per inch the number of warp threads close to the list or selvedge will be
forty-four per inch; six inches from the list or selvedge, forty; and at about
thirty-six inches from the selvedge, thirty-four; the piece being woven with
web weft in the ordinary way. It will thus be evident to any person con-
versant with weaving this description of goods that the warp weaves consider-
ably worse at the sides by being so drawn in, in consequence of the extra
friction of the warp threads against the reed, and the difficulty of getting the
weft in, on account of the warp threads being so drawn. By varying the
meshes of the heddles and dents to counteract the said contraction a great
improvement in the weaving is effected, by causing a more equal distribution of
the warp and weft, and consequently a better and more even piece of cloth.
The variations in the reed may be made by having the pitch band of various
sizes, the beating up of the dents of various widths, and the wire from which
the reeds are made of various strengths. We prefer giving part of the
space to the warp, and the other part to the
reeds are made. The meshes of the heddles
the reed.
wire or cane of which the
are knit to correspond with
Seventhly, in the employment of a conical, serrated, or rasped roller, or a
roller with projections on its surface, in connection with a friction wheel acted
upon by the movement of the lathe or other motion, for the purpose of forming
a self-acting temple; the roller is either a true taper, parallel, or a compound
of taper and parallel, the larger end of the taper roller being under the list
when the list is longer than the warp, for the purpose of taking up its addi-
tional length. Also in the employment of a serrated plate on one side of the
cloth, and acting upon another plate or surface on the opposite side, one of
the said plates being made to open by the action of the lathe and close on the
lathe receding. The top plate may have teeth, and the bottom one holes to
correspond, or the two plates may have projections and indentations fitting
each other, so as to hold the cloth firmly; or the lower plate may be covered
with cloth or other material, for the purpose of allowing the serrated or toothed
plate to have a good hold of the cloth. The two plates turn upon a piu,
forming chaps or clamps.
These Improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying three Sheets of Drawings, with the figures and the letters of reference
thereon, the letters referring to each Figure separately.
Figs. 1 and 2 are end views of our improved winding machinery; Fig. 3 is
an end view, and Fig. 4 part of a plan, of a machine for spinning or twisting
yarns; and Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a differential rack; Fig 6 is a section

page_text: of part of a Belgian condenser, representing the doffing combs as at present
employed; Fig. 7 is a section, in which the centre or fulcrum of the radial
arm or lever, to which the lower doffing comb is attached, is placed below
and further from the centre of the doffing cylinder than in the former example.
Fig. 8 is another modification of the radial arms or levers to which the doffing
combs are attached, in which they are combined, and work upon a centre
near the centre of the dofling cylinder; Fig. 9 is an external elevation of the
dressing or sizing machine; Fig. 10 is a section of the same, and Fig. 11 a
plan thereof; Fig. 12 is a section of the arrangement or apparatus for drying
yárus or cloth; Fig. 13 is a front view of the same; Fig. 14 is a detached
view of one of the rods or staves over which the yarn or cloth passes; Fig. 15
is a front view of the improved reed; Fig. 16 is an end view of a self-acting
temple, having a conical, serrated, or rasped roller; Fig. 17 is a plan of the
same; Fig. 18 is an end view of another self-acting temple, having a serrated
or rasped plate; and Fig. 19 is a plan thereof.
Figs. 1 and 2 represent the first part of our improvements, which consist
in winding by surface motion a number of twisted or untwisted rovings on a
spool or bobbin, in order to simplify and economize the subsequent operations
of spinning. The machine may be adapted for both twisted and untwisted
rovings by removing some parts and placing others, or two separate machines
may be employed, as shewn in the Drawings.
An end view of a machine for winding a number of twisted rovings is shewn
at Fig. 1. a is one of the end frames of any desired pattern; b, the driving
pulley; and c, the surface drum, turning in suitable bearings. The boards and
standards forming the creel are shewn at d and e, and the cops at f any con-
venient number of which may be used. The rovings from the cops are shewn
at g passing through eyelets on the standards to the guide or eyelet /, passing
from thence to the bobbin or spool i, upon which it is wound at a uniform
speed by means of the surface drum c. The rovings pass over the upper parts
of the cops, which give off no more than can be taken up. j is a worm ou
the surface drum shaft; and a worm wheel with stud 7, which forms a crank
or eccentric for working the traverse or guide rod m.
An end view of the machine for winding untwisted rovings is shewn at
Fig. 2, having the frame, driving pulley, surface drum, and winding-on spool
or bobbin the same as in the machine before described. n, n, are two rollers;
and o, a cloth, forming a creeper, the surface of which is caused to move at the
same speed as the surface drum. The bobbins or spools containing the rovings
to be uncoiled are shewn at p, guided in the standards ; the rovings from the
several bobbins p are united, and pass through the traverse rod or guide m to

page_text: the winding-on spool or bobbin i. When the creeper is put in motion, the
bobbins p are uncoiled, always giving off an uniform quantity, and the peri-
phery of the surface drum, having the same velocity as the creeper, causes the
taking up to correspond with the giving off.
The second part of our improvements is represented in Figs. 3, 4, and 5,
and consists in placing the cops or bobbins of yarn upon revolving spindles,
and passing the threads over friction surfaces to bobbins or spools, the spindles
of which have a differential motion. Fig. 3 is an end view of a machine
adapted for the purpose, and Fig. 4 part of a plan of the same. a represents
the framework; b, the main driving pulleys; c, the rim, giving motion by a
band passing over a tightening pulley d to the tin roller e, which gives motion
to the twisting spindles f, the twisted threads from which pass through loops g,
then over the friction surfaces or cylindrical guides h, through other guides 7,
to the bobbin %, the guides h and i being attached to the copping rail 7,
the traversing motion of which is obtained by means of the bevil pinion m
working into a corresponding bevil wheel n, driving the shaft o, the worm p,
and the wheel 2, on the shaft of which is the heart 7, acting upon the lever s,
which traverses the copping rail by means of the chain or cord t and guide
pulley u. The differential motion of the bobbin : is obtained, by the cone
drums and w, which give motion to the tin drum r, connected to the wharves
of the bobbins by bands y. The strap for driving the cone drums is shewn
at z, and the loop or fork for shifting it at a¹, attached to the rail 6', sliding in
the standards c¹, motion being given to the rail b¹ by means of the serrated rack
d', shewn enlarged at Fig. 5, the catches of which are actuated by the lever s,
thus giving to the spindles of the bobbins the differential motion required. For
lifting the bobbins k, we employ levers e', turning on centres f¹, the said levers
being connected to the rods g', the tops of which are under the bobbins .
Thus we are enabled to remove them with facility, or stop them when
required for piecing up broken yarns. In Fig. 6 the doffing combs, as
heretofore in use, are represented at a attached to the radial arms or levers b,
and the belt aprons or rollers are shewn at c. In Fig. 7 the lower radial
arm is made of a curved shape, and works upon the centre or fulcrum e,
placed below the centre of and farther from the doffing cylinder than in
the last example, thereby enabling the doffing comb g to approach much
nearer and more direct to the belt apron or roller h, and doffing the sliver
close to it. The doffing comb also acts upon a larger surface, thereby
stripping more efficiently, and being easy of access, the broken slivers can be
pieced up without inconvenience. In Fig. S the radial arms or cranks i
are represented as united, both being connected to one boss j, working on the

page_text: centre or fulcrum, placed in an opposite direction and at a greater distance
from the front of the doffer than those before described. By this arrange-
ment we cover a larger space upon the doffing cylinder, and doff the required
quantity of work with a slower motion of the crank. The centre k, being
exterior to the centre of the doffing cylinder, causes the doffing combs to have
an eccentric motion, receding from the doffing position when rising up, and
advancing to the doffing position when going down. The combs are worked
in the usual manner by a rod / connected to a crank.
of
The fourth part of our improvements, relating to the cleansing and sizing
yarns, is represented at Figs. 9, 10, and 11, and consists in combining
several vessels or cisterns, the first containing the scouring liquor, and the
last the size or other stiffening matter, and drawing the yarns through the
machine by means of rollers turned by power, thus constituting a self-acting
machine of great efficiency. The yarn, cloth, or other material to be acted
upon is placed first in the cistern m, charged with urine or other scouring
liquor, at any desired temperature, in the compartments of which vessel the
said material is allowed to remain as long as is required for scouring; we
then pass the yarn through the guides n, and between the rollers o, through
the guides p, into the cistern q, under the roller r, through the guides s
between the rollers t, through the guides u, into the cistern v, under the
roller w, through the guide a between the rollers y and z, from whence it
passes into the cistern a¹ containing size or other stiffening matter, it then
passes under the roller b', through the guide c¹ to the rollers d', e', passing
from thence to the roller, to the tub or other receptacle gl. The rollers may
be made of wood, metal, or other suitable material, the upper rollers o,t, may be
either bare, or covered with any suitable substance, and made sufficiently heavy
to weight themselves, or they may be acted upon by levers or springs, as
desired; the bottom rollers z, el, are flanged on each side to collect the yarn
together; the upper rollers y, d', fit well between the flanges, and are acted
upon by the levers l' and weights, for the purpose of pressing out the super-
abundant wash and size. The rollers are put in motion by means of the
pulley k¹, shafts, and bevil wheels m³. Two or more sets of flanged rollers
may be employed, so as to pass through any number of warps required. As
before said, the first cistern contains the scouring liquor, after which any
number of cisterns and rollers may be employed, one containing clean liquor,
so as to cleanse the warp perfectly, before passing to the cistern containing
size or other stiffening material.
The fifth part of our improvements relates to drying yarns or cloth, and
consists in employing a peculiar kind of reel so formed with staves as to

page_text: have interstices between each layer of warp or cloth, in order to allow the
free action of a current of air. For yarns, a rapidly revolving fan is placed
within the reel, which is also made to revolve, but more slowly than the fan.
When cloth is to be dried, the fan is placed outside the reel, in consequence
of the spaces between the layers of cloth being only in one direction. In
Figs. 12 and 13 only one reel and fan is shewn, though either one or a
series of any number may be employed. The frames or uprights of the
machine are shewn at a supporting the shaft b, upon which is placed a fan c,
driven by the pulley d. Upon the same shaft b is the reel e, composed of any
number of radial arms f which are made fast to a centre plate g, having
stays 7, the pulley for turuing the reel being made fast to the centre plate,
which with the reel revolves upon the shaft to which the fan is made fast.
The radial arms fare grooved in the side inside to admit of staves i being placed
within them, one above the other, as the warp is being wound on, the said
staves being made deeper at each end to allow room for each layer of yarn or
cloth, as shewn at Fig. 14, the extra depth at each end being sufficient for the
passage of the currents of air over, through, or between the layers of yarn
or cloth. The guard is shewn at l, consisting of a ring of metal, and forms a
stay for the radial arms, and also prevents anything getting in the way of the
machine. When the reel and fan are put in motion, a strong current of air
passes between the yarn or cloth, thus drying it very rapidly.
Fig. 5 shews the improved reed, the spaces as they approach the ends being
progressively made wider, but if the wires or canes of which the reeds are made
be of varying strength it will answer the same purpose. The self-acting temple,
having a roller either serrated, or with teeth like a rasp, is represented at
Figs. 16 and 17; the roller is shewn at a supported in bearings in the frame b,
the latter fitting the support c, attached to the breast beam d of the loom.
Fixed to or forming part of the roller shaft is the collar or pulley e, against
which the ratchet wheel presses by fiction, having between the two a disc
of india-rubber, or other friction material, the pressure being adjusted by the
screw and nut y. The roller is moved forward by a lever and catch, acted
upon by the motion of the lathe; each time the lathe beats up, a projection
проп
it lifts one end of the lever h, to which is attached a spring i, fastened
to the breast beam, or other convenient position, the other end of the lever
forming the catch; and as the lathe recedes, the spring i pulls the lever h down
to its original position, causing the catch to act upon the ratchet wheel,
thereby giving motion to the roller a, and taking up the cloth; the friction is
adjusted so as to take up when there is the slightest slackness, but allowing
the ratchet wheel to give way when the cloth is tight, thus keeping it at an

page_text: uniform tension. For certain descriptions of cloth it may be desirable to pass
it between two grooved rollers & after having passed the serrated roller, so
that it may be drawn forward with certainty. The grooved rollers may be
turned either by a band from the roller shaft, by hanging a weight on the
cloth, or by gearing, as may be desired. The slide is not allowed to move
with too much case; the resistance is so tempered by means of a spring, that
if the shuttle is trapped, the frame and rollers give way, thereby preventing
the breakages which might otherwise take place. The desired pressure is
given to the upper grooved roller by means of a spring or weight. The self-
acting temple with a serrated plate above the cloth is shewn at Figs. 18 and
19. The serrated plate is shewn at working on a pivot at m, made to open
by means of the lever n, against which the lathe presses as it beats up the
weft; the serrated plate is again pressed down by the action of the spring o
on the lever p,which forms part of or is connected to the said serrated plate.
The lower plate is covered with cloth or other suitable substance, the two
plates combined forming chaps or clamps. The lower plate slides in the
frame 1, which is attached to the breast beam of a loom, the slide being
furnished with a spring r, so adjusted that no pull of the cloth can shift the
temple unless the shuttle is lodged or the lathe presses the plates.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars ofour said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we desire it to be
distinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact details
herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the
principle thereof; but we claim,-
Firstly, the winding of rovings, by surface motion, previous to spinning
or re-spinning.
Secondly, giving the winding spindles a differential motion to wind at one
uniform rate, and the use of friction surfaces or cylinders for holding the
threads at a proper tightness during the process of winding, whereby the bad
threads are broken.
Thirdly, the placing of the axis of the radial arm of the lower doffing comb
at a greater distance from the doffer and below the rubbing roller, with the
working of the radial arms of both doffing combs placed in opposite positions,
either with the centre or axis upon the doffer shaft or further from the front
of the doffer.
Fourthly, the combination of machinery or apparatus for scouring and
sizing warps or yarns by one process.
Fifthly, the combination of machinery or apparatus for drying yarns or
aleth

page_text: Sixthly, the construction of the reeds and heddles of varied widths of
dents and meshes.
And, seventhly, the self-acting temples with the slide and spring, for the
purpose of giving way when the shuttle traps, whether the same be applied
to this or any other kind of temple, as all such improvements are herein
described, and illustrated in the accompanying three Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Leach, for and on behalf of
myself and the said James Leach, and Edmund Leach the younger,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of August,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
MDMUND LEACH.
(L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-named
Edmund Leach, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.