IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND IN ECONO- MIZING THE USE OF STEAM
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hirst, junior, of Dobcross, Saddleworth, and
Enoch Openshaw Taylor, of Marsden, near Huddersfield, both in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND IN ECONO-
MIZING THE USE OF STEAM."
Sealed the 25th November 1862, and dated the 28th May 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hirst and Enoch
Openshaw Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th May 1862.
We, JOHN HIRST, junior, of Dobcross, Saddleworth, and ExOCH OPENSHAW
TAYLOR, of Marsden, near IIuddersfield, both in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND IN ECONOMIZING
THE USE OF STEAM," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to obtain a succession of chambers for the
passage of the products of combustion from the fire used to heat steam boilers,
or the evaporating vessels adapted to effect repeated separation and re-
admixture of the heated products of combustion in their passage from the fire,
For
and a consequent absorption of an increased amount of heat therefrom.
this purpose the flue space is at intervals formed into what may be called
chambers, with series of water tubes for the free passage therefrom of the
water or other fluid, and adapted to separate the products of combustion, whilst

page_text: the intermediate parts or chambers are provided with smoke tubes, by which a
re-admixture or other separation of the products of combustion is obtained, and
so on; and we make the smoke tubes of the succeeding chambers progres-
sively larger than those of the preceding. Passages to the respective chambers
are obtainable by the introduction amongst the other tubes of larger tubes, not
only from one chamber to the next, but also to the outside of the boiler, for
repairing or cleaning. We apply the tubes to such and other evaporating
vessels by parts of the ends of such tubes being turned down to pass into holes
in the plates to which they are applied, and we form such holes conical, tapered,
or bell-mouthed, so that the ends of the tubes projecting therethrough may be
better spread out thereon in rivetting, and sometimes we increase the holding
by the application of rings.
To facilitate the escape of steam, and to prevent incrustation inside the
boiler and priming, we make the surfaces transmitting heat roughened, or
make them with a great number of small projections, and we also scrape and
brush the transmitting surfaces.
We also conduct the smoke to a chamber or casing around the steam
cylinders, and apply scrapers or brushes to keep the surfaces thereof clear,
by which heat will be imparted to such cylinders, and the use of steam
economized.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Hirst and Enoch Openshaw Taylor in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 28th November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HIRST, junior, of Dobcross, Saddleworth, and ENOCH OPENSHAW TAYLOR, of
Marsden, near Huddersfield, both in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Hirst and Enoch Openshaw Taylor, Her special licence that
we, the said John Hirst and Enoch Openshaw Taylor, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Hirst
and Enoch Openshaw Taylor, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully

page_text: might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS POR EVAPORATING WATER AND OTHER
FLUIDS, AND IN ECONOMIZING THE USE OF STEAM," upon the condition (amongst
others), that we, the said John Hirst and Enoch Openshaw Taylor, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Hirst, junior, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of the improvements is to obtain a succession of chambers for
the passage of the products of combustion from the fire used to heat steam
boilers or other evaporating vessels, adapted to effect repeated separation and
re-admixture of the heated products of combustion in their passage from the
fire, and a consequent absorption of an increased amount of heat therefrom.
For this purpose the flue space is at intervals formed into what may be called
chambers, with series of water tubes for the free passage therefrom of the
water or other fluid, and adapted to separate the products of combustion
whilst the intermediate parts or chambers are provided with smoke tubes, by
which a re-admixture or other separation of the products of combustion is.
obtained, and so on; and we make the smoke tubes of the succeeding chambers.
progressively larger than those of the preceding. Passages to the respective
chambers are obtainable by the introduction amongst the other tubes of larger-
tubes, not only from one chamber to the next, but also to the outside of the
boiler, for repairing or cleaning. We apply the tubes to such and other
evaporating vessels, by parts of the ends of such tubes being turned down to,
pass
into holes in the plates to which they are applied, and we form such holes.
conical, tapered, or bell-mouthed, so that the ends of the tubes projecting
therethrough may be better spread out thereon in rivetting, and sometimes we
increase the holding by the application of rings.
The improvements relate, secondly, to conducting the smoke to a chamber-
or casing around the steam cylinders, and we apply scrapers or brushes to keep-
the surfaces thereof clear, by which heat will be imparted to such cylinders
and the use of steam. economized..
ヤ

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
and i,
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 2 a longitudinal
horizontal section of a stationary boiler, arranged according to our Invention,
and Figure 3 is an enlarged transverse section of the same. a, a, is the outer
casing of the boiler; b, b, furnaces; c, c, fire-bars; d, the fire-bridge; and
c, f, g, h, i, j, a series of chambers succeeding each other for the passage of the
products of combustion from the furnaces or fire-places b, b; and it will be
seen that the products of combustion in passing through the chambers c, , I,
are intercepted by the vertical tubes c', e', c', e', e', which connect the lower
portion of such chambers with the upper portion thereof, and serve as means
of communication between the water of the lower and the upper portion of the
boiler, whilst the products of combustion in passing through the intermediate
chambers f, h, andj, are conducted through horizontal tubes f', h', and j', which
are surrounded by the water of the boiler. The smoke tubes h' are larger
in diameter than the tubes f', and the smoke tubes j' are larger in diameter
than the tubes h'.
By these combined means a repeated separation and re-admixture of the
heated products of combustion in their passage from the fires to the chimney,
with a consequent absorption of an increased amount of heat therefrom, will
be obtained. e², 9, and i, show passages through the sides of the boiler from
the chambers e, g, and i, in addition to which there may be passages from one
chamber to another by the introduction of flue tubes amongst the tubes
f, h', and j', of sufficient size. These larger tubes may be partially closed by
means of dampers.
Figure 4 shows on a larger scale a section of one of the tubes e', g', or ' ;
and Figure 5 a corresponding portion of the boiler to receive the lower end of
one of such tubes, indicating the method we prefer of forming the connecting
parts; and Figure 6 shows the parts connected, by which it will be seen we
form one end of such tubes, turned down at k, to pass into a hole / in the
plate of the boiler, these holes being slightly conical, as shown, to facilitate
the spreading open or out of the tubes thereon by rivetting; and sometimes
we increase the holding power of such means of connecting the tubes by the
application thereto of internal rings, and as indicated by dotted lines m, but
which separately forms no part of our improvements.
Figures 7 and 8 show longitudinal, vertical, and horizontal sections of a

page_text: locomotive boiler with our improvements applied to it. The same letters are
used to indicate corresponding parts to those already referred to. It will be
particularly seen that the second flue tubes h¹ are larger in diameter than the
first.
In like manner may this part of the improvements be applied to other forms
of boilers and other evaporating vessels, with modifications adapted to the
particular circumstances of each case.
To facilitate the escape of steam, and to prevent incrustation inside the
boiler and priming, we make the surfaces transmitting heat roughened, or
make them with a great number of small projections or prominences, and we
also scrape and brush the transmitting surfaces.
Figure 9 shows a transverse section of Figures 7 and 8 on a larger scale.
Figure 10 shows a vertical, and Figure 11 a horizontal section of a steam
engine cylinder, with a casing around it for the passage of the smoke from the
furnace; q represents the cylinder, and r the smoke casing or jacket surrounding
it; 8, 8, are scrapers, connected to rods s³, which pass through the casing, and
are acted upon by eccentrics, or other suitable means, to give a reciprocating
motion to the scrapers 8, 8, and thereby prevent the accumulation of matters
In place of scapers brushes may be used.
on the surface of the cylinder.
Having thus described the nature of the said improvements, and means
which we adopt in carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood
that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details shown and described so
long as the peculiar character of the improvements be retained substantially as
explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hirst, junior, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JOHN HIRST, JUN. (L.S.)