CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to François Adolphe Mocquard, of No. 10, Rue de
la Fidélité, in the Empire of France, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS."
Sealed the 22nd September 1865, and dated the 28th March 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said François Adolphe
Mocquard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th March 1865.
I, FRANÇOIS ADOLPHE MOCQUARD, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in
5 the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in manufacturing metallic or steatitic gas burners
with or without a chimney.
When no chimney is employed I manufacture them preferably with steatite,
and cause the gas to dilate in a reservoir before it egresses by one or more
slits or holes, after having passed through a certain space partly filled up with
a plate or ball, causing the gas to circulate only on the sides of the burner..
The ingress of the air takes place near the flame by means of slits or holes
made near where it egresses.
When a chimney is used I construct the tube of the gas burner, where the
dilatation takes place, either with one reservoir or with as many reservoirs as
there are rows of orifices, either of concentric slits or of holes on the external
plate or focus set on the top of the tube. I cause the air to enter through
concentric conduits having holes or slits, and serving as a casing to each tube

page_text: or separate reservoir. The ingress of the external air takes place and is
regulated by means of a metallic casing, which is copcentric with the body of
the burner, from which it is separated by a flange provided with holes or wire
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said François Adolphe Mocquard in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANÇOIS
ADOPHE MOCQUARD, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of
France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said François Adolphe Mocquard, Her special licence that I, the said François
Adolphe Mocquard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said François Adolphe Mocquard, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said François Adolphe Mocquard, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, François Adolphe, Mocquard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereto annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of gas
burners.

page_text: The form of these burners may be varied in the following manner :-
The burner is composed, first, of a brass piece perforated at the lower
part with one or several small holes, and widening in the interior in such
manner as to take almost a half spherical form, as seen in Figure 1 of the
annexed Drawing. This piece, which is terminated at the lower part by a
screw thread to adapt itself on the burner holder, has also at its upper part a
screw thread to adapt itself to the following piece.
Secondly, of another brass piece of a half spherical form in the interior and
exterior, adapting itself by a screw to the above piece, and terminating by a
narrow collar for receiving the head of the burner hereafter described, and
shewn in Figure 2 of the annexed Drawing.
Thirdly, of a head of a burner in stentite, having the form of the upper part
of a butterfly, and slit or perforated with two small holes, similar to the
Manchester gas burners, which head is adapted and enters in the collar of the
piece, Figures 2, 3, and 3^.
Fourthly, of a plate or a ball placed in the upper part of the piece, Figure 2,
and fixed on each side by a small ring, with sufficient space left all round for
the passage of the gas, thus diminishing the flow of the gas and the vacillation
of the flame; in this manner the gas strikes the middle of the plate or of the
ball, and returns on the whole circumference or passage left for that purpose,
as seen in Figure 2.
Fifthly, I construct with the same success the gas burner composed of a
single brass piece perforated at the lower part by one or several small holes to
give passage to the gas; this piece expands in the interior and forms a
chamber, where the dilatation of the gas takes place in producing the same
effects as above described. This piece, which is terminated below by a screw
thread, is adapted to the burner holder, receives also in the interior a little
underneath the upper part the plate or ball above described. This piece,
Figure 4, receives at the upper part the head of the burner herein above
described. I can give to this piece or to the two described in Figures 1 and 2
any interior form having this principle, and giving this result, and even establish
in this manner two or several interior conduits separated for the gas, according
as the heads have several openings at the upper part, as herein-after described;
these forms are especially those of Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Sixthly, I make and apply with a more considerable economical result to
the system of burner in question, heads in steatite with a double or triple
Manchester. burner, and with a double or triple slit, with one or several
internal conduits, as shewn in Figures 10 and 11. The económical effect of
this last arrangement, and which has just been added to the first, results from

page_text: the separated orifices which unite the gas in a single flame embracing a
greater surface, and consumes with the gas a greater quantity of oxygen, which
increases so much more the light, and also in consequence of the gas
egressing from the Manchester burner slits or holes, especially that from the
slits or intermediate holes being totally consumed by the flame from the slit
at the side which does not allow any to escape. I also form at the middle
and between the slits or the Manchester burner holes a small section, the
object of which is to increase the flame by the current of air when the
pressure is rather weak. I also make on each side of the head of the burner
a slitted opening at the upper part, and perforated at the lower part, which
stops at half of the height of the head for the current of air, which increases
the flame as herein-before described, and still adds to the combustion a
quantity of oxygen, which increases the flame. This opening is effected
underneath by a metallic cloth, which diminishes the current of the air.
Seventhly, of a burner, the plate of which is made of platina perforated
with two or more concentric slits, or furnished with two rows of holes and
with a concentric slit in the middle (Figure 13), or of two concentric slits
and with one row of holes in the middle. I establish it also with two or more
rows of holes. The plates, which have several slits, are supported underneath
either by cross bars or horizontal bars at about one-eighth of an inch under-
neath the plate. I also make these plates of a single piece without supports;
for this purpose the slits are interrupted three or four times on their circum-
ferences by a suitable space. The interruptions of all the slits do not take
place on the whole line in order that the gas in egressing should diverge
equally on all the surface and the circumference of the plate.
Eighthly, I also form the burner with two or more slits and with two or
more rows of holes in placing a separate covering for each slit or each row of
holes (Figure 17) in such manner that each slit or each row of holes may have
its chamber or gas conduit. The interval for the slits of the plates may also
be as large as the chamber itself, or can be diminished by a small. border on
each separation, as at A, Figure 17. To these various united tubes a bottom
is formed, on which they are fixed, and which is perforated with holes or slits
destined for the passage of the gas in each of them, which they receive by the
forked piece and the bottom of an ordinary tube (Figure 18), which is adapted
to the piece, Figure 17, by a screw thread; in this manner the gas egressing from
each hole of the forked piece is received in the lower part forming a chamber,
and is spread in the upper chambers by the holes or special slits on each of
them, and which are. of very small dimensions, in order not to distribute to
each chamber but the necessary quantity of gas according to the calibre of the

page_text: burner, and to permit it to dilate before arriving in the chamber, and
consequently to arrive there with more tranquility, and to consume itself as
completely as possible. The object also of these various rows of slits or holes
is to burn in the most complete manner all the gas which egresses from the
intermediate slits.
:
Ninthly, I also construct the said burner in establishing a current of air
concentrically between each chamber, and starting from bottom to top,
diminishing by a metallic cloth or a perforated plate, in order to burn in each
part of the burner a larger quantity of oxygen. In this manner each
chamber receives the gas directly from the forked tube, which is of sufficient
dimension to embrace the diameter of the united tubes by means of special
holes to each one of them made in each branch of the said forked piece,
Figure 19.
To regulate the arrival of the gas in the consuming chamber, and diminish
the pressure, I establish at the commencement of the forked piece in the
interior a plate or button perforated with two holes of small dimensions, and
having only the necessary diameter to give passage to the quantity of gas
corresponding to the calibre of the burner..
:
These burners may be made of brass, porcelain, steatite, or any other
suitable material. I cover the burner with an exterior envelope perforated at
its two extremities to receive the air at the bottom, and to distribute it at top
in burning it with the gas, and in increasing the flame in the proportion given
by the combustion of the oxygen which it contains. This envelope or covering,
which is made either in brass or any other metal or metallic cloth, or any
other substance, takes either the form which is given to it in Figure 14, or the
form of an ordinary cone, Figure 15, or any other suitable form, its dimensions
in height and in diameter vary according to the calibre of the burners. I can
diminish it in height at its upper part, as also to limit its lower part at the
suitable height, I make the bottom or lower part with perforations, or supply
it with metallic cloth, or even I only give to it no other bottom but that of
the moveable piece on which it rests.
I also establish or form the perforated plate with metallic cloth, either at
the level or underneath the upper part of the cover or envelope, which I make
of the same or any other material as the envelope, which upper part rising
higher will form a conduit, and can be underneath or at a level and even above
the level of the plate, if the envelope is perforated with holes. I diminish the
current of the air by a metallic cloth placed above or underneath each per-
forated plate. The addition of the envelope above mentioned sensibly increases
the economy, in consequence of the air which it conducts to the plate without

page_text: precipitation permitting at the same time the regulating of the flame to burn
a sensible proportion of oxygen. I apply the envelope in question with much
success to ordinary burners with a single row of holes and with a single
concentric slit, but smaller, however, than the other burners with several
slits or several rows of holes.
Tenthly, of a moveable piece, Figure 21, unperforated in its greatest
circumference, but perforated with holes or supplied with metallic cloth in the
part near the bottom of the envelope according to its form, or even left open in
that part, according as the said envelope bas itself a perforated bottom or
supplied with metallic cloth.
Figures 6, 12, 16, and 20 represent modifications of the burners.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details herein-before described, reserving to myself the
right of changing the forms and dispositions of the gas burners, provided the
principle of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is,-
First, the application of a reservoir interposed between the burner holder
and the burning apparatus, permitting the gas to be dilated before its
egress.
Secondly, the arrangements employed for regulating the current of air and
increasing the surface of the flame, as herein-before described and represented
in the Figures of the annexed Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francois Adolphe Mocquard, bave
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
LOUIS ALIMONDY,
Cours Belzunee, N° 32,
Marseille.
F. A. MOCQUARD. (L.S.)