Improvements in and relating to Metal Ferrules for Joints.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left. 13th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Metal Ferrules for Joints.
I, George CHISHOLM Junior of 76 Port Street, Stirling County of Stirling,
North Britain Brass Finisher and Founder do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
It relates to flanged metal ferrules and has for its objects to make them
proportionately stronger cheaper lighter and quicker than such articles are at
present made.
****
In carrying out my invention in connection with the ferrules which are often
required in making the joints which unite soft and hard metal fittings together such
as the soil pipes or the pipes and pans of water closets I make the hard metal
ferrules for such joints of tubing and turn up the end rim into a flanged ferrule
formation by means of stamping short portions of tubing into dies or turning them
up with machinery instead of casting such ferrules into the required form with
molten metal run into sand or other moulds.
When these hard metal ferrules are thus formed by stamping them into the
required shape out of solid drawn metal tubing they are proportionately stronger
although thinner than cast metal ones: they are also lighter in weight and more
rapidly made than cast metal ones.
I make them of brass or any other suitable kind of hard metal tubing. These
improved ferrules stamped in metal dies are perfectly true without turning and
when the lead piping is closed over the turned up flange a perfectly tight stoved
union can be made and the jointing of the parts effected in the customary manner.
I find an advantage is obtained by making the turned up flange of such stamped
ferrules of a concavo convex formation instead of making the flange a flat one at
right angles to the bore.
The concavity of the back part of the flange is very favourable for the formation
of a stoved joint when the lead pipe is turned over the said flange and beaten into
the concavity behind it.
Dated this Eleventh day of December 1893.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
205, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.
200, Argyle Street, Casgow, agent for
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Metal Ferrules for Joints.
I, GEORGE CHISHOLM Junior of 76 Port Street, Stirling County of Stirling
North Britain Brass Finisher and Founder do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
It relates to flanged metal ferrules and has for its objects to make them
proportionately stronger cheaper lighter and quicker than such articles are at
present made.
In carrying out my invention in connection with the ferrules which are often
required in making the joints which unite soft and hard metal fittings together such
as the soil pipes or the pipes and pans of water closets I make the hard metal
ferrules for such joints of tubing and turn up the end rim into a flanged ferrule
D

page_text: formation by means of stamping short portions of tubing into dies instead of
casting such ferrules into the required form with molten metal run into sand or
other moulds.
When these hard metal ferrules are thus formed by stamping them into the
required shape out of solid drawn metal tubing they are proportionately stronger
although thinner than cast metal ones: they are also lighter in weight and more
rapidly made than cast metal ones.
I make them of brass or any other suitable kind of hard metal tubing. These
improved ferrules stamped in metal dies are perfectly true without turning and
when the lead piping is closed over the turned up flange a perfectly tight stoved
union can be made and the jointing of the parts can be effected in the customary
manner.
I find an advantage is obtained by making the turned up flange of such stamped
ferrules of a concavo convex formation instead of making the flange a flat one at
right angles to the bore.
The concavity of the back part of the flange is very favourable the formation
of a stoved joint when the lead pipe is turned over the said flange and beaten into
the concavity behind it.
This invention will be better understood if reference is made to the accompanying
drawings in which :-
Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a smooth hard metal flanged ferrule made
according to this invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional view of Fig. 1.
Figure 3 is a view in section shewing the application of this improved flanged
ferrule to a joint composed of hard and soft metal pipes in juxtaposition.
Figures 4 and 5 are views in section of plain hard metal ferrules having round
or moulded and T shaped flanges on their ends.
Figure 6 is a sectional view of the dies and tube for use in performing this
invention.
Figure 7 is a plan view of certain parts shewn in Fig. 6.
Similar letters of reference throughout these illustrations indicate corresponding
parts.
The tubular ferrule A Figs. 1 to 3 with roll over rim a', a², of concavo convex
shape constitutes the improved ferrule made according to this invention, for the
purposes already described.
Figure 3 illustrates the application of such ferrules: the hard metal flanged
ferrule A forms a sheath for a soft or leaden pipe B which lines the inside of the
ferrule and covers the roll-over rim a¹ as well as the sheath A and is forced into
the concavity a² behind it as shewn in this diagram. The part marked C is a cast
iron pipe with fancet end c¹, into which the lead pipe B and ferrule A are inserted
and tightly fixed therein by means of packing or soldering. When these several
parts, A, B, and C are thus put together, the furthermost end of the stuffing
box, ², formed between A and c is made tight with tow or other packing
and then filled up to its outer end with white, red, or other lead, c', or with
solder.
The concave back a³ of the rim a¹ serves the purpose of a pocket into which the
soft pipe B can be driven or stoved thus fastening the two parts completely together
without soldering.
This concave back a' is a new contrivance in the flanged or projecting rim of a
smooth hard metal ferrule such as A, D, or E, herein shewn for the aforesaid
purposes, and constitutes part of this invention. It enables the soft metal tube B
to be bent over the flange a¹, a³, so completely that accidental dislocation of the two
articles is all but impossible.
The flanged ferrules D and E shewn in Figs. 4 and 5 are old fashioned types, in
⚫ current use, the one marked D has a Ṭ shaped flange d', the other marked E has a
round moulded end e¹. These forms of smooth ferrules have been and are still made
and used for the purpose illustrated by A in Fig.. 3.

page_text: The tubular flanged ferrules which are constructed in the forms marked D and E
herein are generally made of molten metal which is cast into sand or other moulds
of forms corresponding to D and E. This process is a slow and expensive one and
the articles produced are often rough fragile and untrue in form, requiring to be
dressed and turned true by means of machinery before they are fit for combination
with the lead and iron pipes B and C. They require to be made proportionately
thicker for the purposes of casting and subsequent dressing than the stamped
ferrules A Fig. 2.
One purpose of this invention is to make such flanged ferrules perfect and
complete in one rapid process, unaccompanied by any of the aforesaid defects.
In order to avoid the said defects the flanged ferrule A. Figure 2 is made of solid
drawn tubing cut into the required length, a³, Fig. 6, and is then fixed within the
cylinder of the die F Fig. 7. When as is placed in the die in readiness for
stamping its outer end projects beyond the die as shewn in the drawing. The die F
has a rounded lip or flange upon it marked f¹ for the purpose of forming the
concavity a. The end of the tube a' is turned over upon f¹ by means of the inside
forcing die G and which is forced into and upon a' by means of a stamping
process effected either with screw, hydraulic, falling weight or other pressure.
Either long or short ferrules may be made in the die F. Short ones may be
made therein by filling up the lower part of its cylinder f with either one or more
disc plates for tubular hoops a only, or a combination of either or any of
them.
When a flanged ferrule for aforesaid purposes has been made of solid drawn
tubing forced into the shape A, a', a' by means of stamping it into smooth
symmetrical dies such as F and G the article thus produced is smooth symmetrical
and true in form, ready for use and much stronger than any similar ferrule of same
metal and thickness if the latter is cast in a mould as before named.
The arrangement of the dies F and G and other appliances shewn in Figs. 6
and 7 has proved to be the most generally convenient for forming these flanged
ferrules therein and afterwards removing them from the dies.
When the tube a' has been forced into the required shape by the dies F and G
Fig. 6 the flanged ferrule thus produced is jammed tightly into the cylinder f³ and
requires considerable force to extract it. For this purpose a loose disc or plate f
is inserted at the outset in the bottom of the cylinder f' and a rod h¹ protruding
through the bed plate H and actuated by a lever, such as that marked J is
employed to force the ferrule A out of the die when the process of formation is
complete.
When the piece of tube, a³, made of brass or other hard metal, has been inserted
in the die F, duly prepared as shewn in Fig. 6 and, together with the force or male
die G suitably weighted and fixed between the bars of a stamping apparatus, the
upper part G is made to fall into and upon the tube a³ and the upper end thereof
is turned over upon the lip f¹ by means of the concave part g' formed in the die G.
This piece of tube, a', is smooth and fairly symmetrical before stamping but the
smoothness and perfect symmetry of the dies F and G produce a corresponding
smoothness and truth in the flanged ferrule A by means of a close and forceful
impact of the parts during the process of stamping.
Although there is a certain amount of expansion produced in the metal rim a¹
when it is turned outwards to form the roll-over end of A there is also throughout
the stamping process such a compression of every part of the short tube that its
toughness is considerably increased by the process of stamping.
The
The die F in Fig. 6 consists of a strong steel tube inserted within a steadying
block containing a well cavity or hole therein for accommodating it.
block is fixed in its place upon the bed plate H by means of the screwed bolts A*
passing through the "dogs" h. The bed plate H is fixed to a block K by bolts /*
or other simple contrivances.
The relative positions of the dies F and G are capable of being considerably
varied from those shewn in Fig. 6 which exhibit G at the top and F at the bottom
1

page_text: the pressure may be either upwards or downwards or in other directions and the
tube a³ may be fixed upon. 9 instead of within the cylindrical die F consistently
with the scope of this invention.
When a smooth flanged ferrule composed of brass or other hard metal and
formed like D, d¹ Fig. 4 is used in making a joint such as that shewn in Fig. 3,
there is a tendency in the lead pipe B to get fractured when overlapping the sharp
angles of the flange d', and the absence of these sharp angles in the concavo convex
rim a', a, combined with the storing in of the lead pipe into the concave back a³ of
the rim a¹ makes the union of the ferrule A and pipe B much firmer and free from
liability to fracture than any which can be similarly put together with either D
or E when combined with B after the manner shewn in Fig. 3.
The discharging lever J Eig. 6 may be fixed in the position shewn in the drawing
or in any other convenient part of the stamping apparatus and can be arranged for
operation either by hand foot or other motive power.
In order that the scope which is herein claimed for this invention may be fairly
indicated, 1 desire to state that I am aware that solid drawn brass and other hard
metal tubes have been in common use; also that associated pairs of dies for
stamping hard metal articles into their required shapes and that hard metal tubular
articles have been stamped into trumpet-mouthed forms prior to my invention.
It will therefore be understood that I do not claim any of these things or the
flanged ferrules marked D and E herein as my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
First. The hard metal smooth flanged ferrule A, a', a², as and for the purposes
herein described, and drawn.
Second. The process of making the hard metal smooth flanged ferrule A, a', a³,
by stamping it into the required shape with dies all substantially as herein described
and drawn or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Third. In a smooth hard metal ferrule the combination of the concave back a
with the convex rim a¹ as and for the purposes herein described with reference to
the drawings.
Dated this Twelfth day of September 1894.