AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING DRAINAGE WATERS AND SEWAGE
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION:
I, EMIL CAPITAINE of the firm of Capitaine & von Hertling of 89 Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature
of the said invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING DRAINAGE
WATERS AND SEWAGE a communication to me from abroad by M. Nahnsen of
Schönebeck a d. Elbe in the German Empire, Chemist, to be as follows:-
"
This invention relates chiefly to the purification of sewage and drainage waters.
For this purpose quick lime is most frequently employed; either alone or in
combination with other chemicals, but this material possesses the disturbing
property of not being soluble in water to any great extent, and is thereby rendered
less suitable or quite unsuitable for many commercial purposes. In order to avoid
this drawback I employ hydrated or hydraulic silicic acid (hydraulische kieselsäure)
which completely separates lime that has been added to water. I employ in a
moist state silicic acid (silicic acid hydrate) chemically separated from silicates by
acids, the same being added to water in a finely divided state, and supplied to the
water from which the lime is to be separated; in a proportion to be known before-
hand by experiment.
I effect complete separation of the lime by the formation of insoluble silicate of
calcium in the form of dense and compact sediment.
I further utilise this physical property of the silicate of calcium so formed and
its great specific gravity-in comparaison with the organic separations effected by
means of chemical additions,-in the case of the most widely differing waters for
the purpose of quickly precipitating those specifically very light matters which
under certain circumstances either do not sink down to the bottom or do so to a
slight extent only, and which float on the surface of the water.
In case the waters to be treated do not contain free lime it is only necessary to
add the same thereto in very small quantity, in most cases half a kilogram of lime
will be sufficient for 1000 litres of water and then to separate the line again by
the employment of hydraulic silicic acid as bereinabove described:
I have further discovered that hydrated or hydraulic silicic acid (hydraulische
kieselsäure) with lime in conjunction with soluble aluminium salts, effects an
almost complete separation of organic, that is, nitrogenous readily putrifying and
fermenting bodies, when as is evident, a calcium silicium aluminate or a double
compound of silicate of calcium with silicate of aluminium is formed, which by their
collective action on the nitrogenous body cause a complete separation of the same
to take place in the form of a very quickly precipitated sediment.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
İ, EMIL CAPITAINE of the firm of Capitaine & von Hertling of 89 Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING DRAINAGE
WATERS AND SEWAGE a communication to me from abroad by M. Nahnsen of
Schönebeck a. d. Elbe, in the German Empire, Chemist, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
For the purification of drainage waters and sewage quick lime is most frequently
employed either alone or in combination with other chemicals but this material
possesses the disturbing property of not being soluble in water to any great extent
and is thereby rendered less suitable or quite unsuitable for many commercial
purposes. In order to avoid this drawback I employ silicic acid hydrate
(hydraulische Kieselsäure) which completely separates lime that has been added
to water. I employ in a moist state silicic acid (silicic acid bydrate) chemically
separated from silicates by acids, the same being added in a finely divided state to
water, and supplied to the water from which the lime is to be separated in a
proportion to be known beforehand by experiment.
I effect complete separation of the lime by the formation of insoluble silicate of
calcium in the form of a dense and compact sediment.
I further utilise this physical property of the silicate of calcium so formed and
its great specific gravity-in comparaison with the organic separations effected by
means of chemical additions-in the case of the most widely differing waters, for
the purpose of quickly precipitating those specifically very light matters which
'under certain circumstances either do not sink down to the bottom or do so to a
slight extent only, and which float on the surface of the water.
In case the waters to be treated do not contain free lime it is only necessary to
add the same thereto in very small quantity-in most cases half a kilogramme of
lime will be sufficient for one thousand litres of water-and then to separate the
lime again by the employment of silicic acid hydrate as hereinbefore described.
I have further discovered that silicic acid hydrate with lime in conjunction with
soluble aluminium salts effects an almost complete separation of organic, that is,
nitrogenous readily putrifying and fermenting bodies, when as is evident, a calcium
silicium aluminate or a double compound of silicate of calcium with silicate of
aluminium is formed which by their collective action on the nitrogenous body
cause a complete separation of the same to take place in the form of a very quickly
precipitated sediment.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what I claim is
1. The use of silicic acid hydrate (hydraulischer Kieselsäure) for the purpose of
separating lime in the form of silicate of calcium from drainage waters and sewage,
substantially as hereinabove described.

page_text: 2. The use of silicic acid hydrate in combination with lime for the production of
specifically heavy, and readily precipitated sediment substantially as hereinabove
described.
3. The use of silicic acid hydrate in combination with lime and with aluminium
salts for the separation of organic nitrogenous bodies, substantially as bereinabove.
described.
4. The combination of .any two or of the three means set forth in claims 1,
2 and 3, for the purpose specified.

page_text: I, EMIL CAPITAINE of the firm of Capitaine & von Hertling of 89 Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature
of the said invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING DRAINAGE
WATERS AND SEWAGE" a communication to me from abroad by M. Nahnsen of
Schönebeck a d. Elbe in the German Empire, Chemist, to be as follows:-
This invention relates chiefly to the purification of sewage and drainage waters.
For this purpose quick lime is most frequently employed, either alone or in
combination with other chemicals, but this material possesses the disturbing
property of not being soluble in water to any great extent, and is thereby rendered
less suitable or quite unsuitable for many commercial purposes. In order to avoid
this drawback I employ hydrated or bydraulic silicic acid (hydraulische kieselsäure)
which completely separates lime that has been added to water. I employ in a
moist state silicic acid (silicic acid hydrate) chemically separated from silicates by
acids, the same being added to water in a finely divided state, and supplied to the
water from which the lime is to be separated, in a proportion to be known before-
hand by experiment.
I effect complete separation of the lime by the formation of insoluble silicate of
calcium in the form of dense and compact sediment.
I further utilise this physical property of the silicate of calcium so formed and
its great specific gravity-in comparaison with the organic separations effected by
means of chemical additions,-in the case of the most widely differing waters for
the purpose of quickly precipitating those specifically very light matters which
under certain circumstances either do not sink, down to the bottom or do so to a
slight extent only, and which float on the surface of the water.
In case the waters to be treated do not contain free lime it is only necessary to
add the same thereto in very small quantity, in most cases half a kilogram of lime
will be sufficient for 1000 litres of water-and then to separate the lime again by
the employment of hydraulic silicic acid as hereinabove described.
I have further discovered that bydrated or hydraulic silicic acid (bydraulische.
kieselsäure) with lime in conjunction with soluble aluminium salts, effects an
almost complete separation of organic, that is, nitrogenous readily putrifying and.
fermenting bodies, when as is evident, a calcium silicium aluminate or a double
compound of silicate of calcium with silicate of aluminium is formed, which by their
collective, action on the nitrogenous body cause a complete separation of the same
to take place in the form of a very quickly precipitated sediment.
.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, EMIL CAPITAINE of the firm of Capitaine & von Hertling of 89 Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING DRAINAGE
WATERS AND SEWAGE" a communication to me from abroad by. M. Nahnsen of
Schönebeck a d. Elbe, in the German Empire, Chemist, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :—
For the purification of drainage waters and sewage quick lime is most frequently
employed either alone or in combination with other chemicals but this material
possesses the disturbing property of not being soluble in water to any great extent
and is thereby rendered less suitable or quite unsuitable for many commercial
purposes. In order to avoid this drawback I employ silicic acid hydrate
(hydraulische Kieselsäure) which completely separates lime that has been added
to water. I employ in a moist state silicic acid (silicic acid hydrate) chemically
separated from silicates by acids, the same being added in a finely divided state to
water, and supplied to the water from which the lime is to be separated in a
proportion to be known beforehand by experiment.
I effect complete separation of the lime by the formation of insoluble silicate of
calcium in the form of a dense and compact sediment.
I further utilise this physical property of the silicate of calcium so formed and
its great specific gravity-in comparaison with the organic separations effected by
means of chemical additions-in the case of the most widely differing waters, for
the purpose of quickly precipitating those specifically very light matters which
under certain circumstances either do not sink down to the bottom or do so to a
slight extent only, and which float on the surface of the water.
In case the waters to be treated do not contain free lime it is only necessary to
add the same thereto in very small quantity-in most cases half a kilogramme of
lime will be sufficient for one thousand litres of water-and then to separate the
lime again by the employment of silicic acid hydrate as herein before described.
I have further discovered that silicic acid hydrate with lime in conjunction with
soluble aluminium salts effects an almost complete separation of organic, that is,
nitrogenous readily putrifying and fermenting bodies, when as is evident, a calcium
silicium aluminate or a double compound of silicate of calcium with silicate of
aluminium is formed which by their collective action on the nitrogenous body
cause a complete separation of the same to take place in the form of a very quickly
precipitated sediment.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
1. The use of silicic acid hydrate (hydraulischer Kieselsäure) for the purpose of
separating lime in the form of silicate of calcium from drainage waters and sewage,
substantially as hereinabove described,

page_text: 2. The use of silicic acid hydrate in combination with lime for the production of
specifically heavy, and readily precipitated sediment substantially as hereinabove
described.
3. The use of silicic acid hydrate in combination with lime and with aluminium
salts for the separation of organic nitrogenous bodies, substantially as hereinabove
described.
4. The combination of any two or of the three means set forth in claims 1,
2 and 3, for the purpose specified.