Improvements in the Manufacture of Ingots, Bars, Rods, Wire, and the like from Bronze.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 21st Sept., 1892-Accepted, 22nd Oct.. 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ingots, Bars, Rods, Wire, and
the like from Bronze.
I, GEORGE GATTON MELHUISH HARDINGHAM, of 191, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Civil Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention (a communication to me from Carl Berg, of Eveking,
Westphalia, in the German Empire, Engineer,) to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of ingots, bars, rods, wire and the like,
from bronze.
The first stage in carrying out this invention is to produce a bar or core of
hard bronze (that is, bronze yielding the highest breaking strain) and to place
it upright in the centre of an iron mould or chill. Bronze of a mild kind, of high
electric conductivity, is then cast around it. As a result, the annulus or body of
mild bronze unites with the bar or core of hard bronze, so forming one solid ingot.
Instead of casting the several alloys as described above, hard bronze may be cast
around a bar of soft bronze.
Instead of two bodies of bronze, three or more bodies of bronze of different alloys
may be united together in the same manner. Or, either for the hard bronze or for
the soft bronze, when cast in either of the positions described above, there may be
substituted chemically pure or other copper, or aluminium, or aluminium brass, or
brass, according to the purpose for which the finished product is intended.
In order to further facilitate the uniting or welding together of the different
metallic bodies, and to insure perfect cohesion during the subsequent processes, the
core may be provided with longitudinal ribs, or with a flat or sharp screw-thread.
The outer covering may likewise have different sections; for instance, it may be
either round, oval, square, hexagonal or octagonal.
"
The term "bronze was formerly applied only to alloys of copper with tin, but
is now generally used for all alloys of copper with other metals, except zinc. In
this Specification, the term "bronze" includes all alloys of copper with tin,
phosphorous, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, manganese, etc.
The ingot obtained as described above can be used and worked in different ways.
To produce wire, the ingot is first rolled down in a wire-rolling mill, during which
process the different bronzes, united into one body, clongate uniformly in conse-
quence of the thorough manner in which they are consolidated. The rolled wire
produced is then drawn down on the usual drawing benches to any required size.
1-ו .ו ניב
of Decembar 1801
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ingots, Bars, Rods, Wire, and
the like from Bronze.
1, GEORGE GATTON MELIUISH HARDINGHAM, of 191, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Civil Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention (a communication to me from Carl Berg, of Eveking,
Westphalia, in the German Empire, Engineer,) and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention relates to the manufacture of ingots, bars, rods, wire and the like
from bronze.
L
amming diagrams corve to illustrate the way in which this invention

page_text: may be carried out; Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 representing in transverse section
ingots formed of two different bodies of bronze, while Fig. 9 represents an ingot
comprising three different bodies of bronze.
The various designs shewn in the diagrams are given by way of example only, as
almost endless variations may be devised.
The first stage in carrying out this invention consists in producing a bar or core
of hard bronze A (that is, bronze yielding the highest breaking strain) and in
placing it upright in the centre of an iron or other mould or chill. Bronze B of a
mild kind, of high electric conductivity, is then cast around it. As a result, the
body of mild bronze B unites with the bar or core of hard bronze A, so forming one
solid ingot A B.
Instead of casting the alloys A and B as described above, the hard bronze A may
be cast around a core of soft bronze B.
Instead of two bodies of bronze, A and B, three or more bodies of bronze, A, B
and C (Fig. 9), of different alloys may be united together in the same manner.
Or, either for the hard bronze A or for the soft bronze B, when cast in either
of the positions described above, there may be substituted chemically pure or
other copper, or aluminium, or aluminium-brass, or brass, according to the
purpose for which the finished product is intended.
In order to facilitate the uniting or welding together of the different metallic
bodies, and to insure perfect cohesion during the subsequent processes, the core may
be provided with longitudinal ribs, as in Figs. 1 to 7 and 9, or with a flat or sharp
screw-thread, or circumferential ribs, as indicated in Fig. 8. The dotted circle in
Fig. 8 represents the projecting screw-thread or circumferential ribs. The outer
body or covering may likewise have different sections; for instance, its perimeter
or periphery may be either round, as in Figs. 4 and 8, oval, as in Figs. 5 and 7.
square, as in Figs. I and 6, hexagonal, as in Fig. 2, or octagonal, as in Fig. 3.
The outermost body or covering C, though shewn cylindrical in Fig. 9, may be of
any other configuration desired. The core A and the intermediate body B may
also be of different shapes to those shewn.
The term "bronze was formerly applied only to alloys of copper with tin,
but is now generally used for all alloys of copper with other metals, except zinc.
In this Specification, the term "bronze" includes all alloys of copper with tin,
phosphorous, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, manganese, etc.
The ingot resulting from the process of manufacture above described can be used
and worked in various ways. To produce wire, the ingot is first rolled down in a
wire-rolling mill, during which process the different bronzes intimately united
and combined into one body elongate uniformly and without any tendency for the
component parts to separate, in consequence of the thorough manner in which they
are consolidated and of the circumstance that the several alloys are of a like kind―
that is, are alloys of the same metal. The rolled wire produced is then drawn
down on the usual drawing benches to any required size.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manuer the same is to be performed, I claim :-
1. The improved manufacture of ingots, bars, rods, wire and the like from bronze,
substantially as herein described.
2. In the manufacture of compound ingots for use in the production of electric
conductors, the herein-described method of forming the ingot, whereby, in order to
facilitate the union of the different metallic bodies so as to ensure perfect cohesion
during the drawing process, one part of the ingot is cast against fusible projections
on the other part, the said projections being of such size and configuration as to
admit of their quickly becoming partially fused by contact with the molten metal.
3. A bronze ingot for use in the production of bars, rods, wire and the like,
consisting of an inner body of bronze alloy and an outer body of bronze alloy of a
different nature, the two being united in casting one against the other, substantially
as herein described.

page_text: 4. An ingot for use in the production of bars, rods, wire and the like from bronze,
consisting of a core formed with external projections and a body surrounding the
same formed with corresponding internal recesses and fused to the said core,
substantially as herein described.
5. A bronze ingot for use in the production of bars, rods, wire and the like,
consisting of a core, a covering and an intermediate body, whereof the last is of a
different nature to the others, the three bodies being united by fusing them together,
substantially as herein described.
6. An ingot for use in the production of bars, rods, wire and the like from bronze,
consisting of a body or bodies of bronze alloy, and a body of copper, or aluminium,
or aluminium-brass, or brass, the several bodies being united by fusing them together,
substantially as herein described.
Dated this 9th day of September 1892
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM.