IMPROVEMENTS IN CONCRETE LIGHTS FOR ROOFS, PAVEMENTS, FLOORS AND OTHER STRUCTURAL USES
Year: 1885

page_text: and other Structural Uses.
I, ARTHUR WELLESLEY LAKE of Grosvenor House, 13 Colville Gardens Bays-
water in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of my.
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONCRETE LIGHTS FOR ROOFS, PAVEMENTS,
FLOORS AND OTHER STRUCTURAL USES (a communication to me from abroad by
Thaddeus Hyatt of 81 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn New York, in the United
States of America) to be as follows:-
:-
"
My Invention relates to the kind of illuminating gratings called "Concrete
Lights."-These gratings consist of a metal grating or perforated plate set with
glasses that rise above the face of the plate to admit of plastic hydraulic cement or
concrete being filled into the spaces between them and make a weather and
walking surface when levelled off flush with the tops of the glasses. On hardening
the surface of the concrete has the appearance of stone.
As commonly manufactured, the metal plate is formed with undercut ribs or
fillets cast upon the face of the plate between the light holes; or a network of cells
is cast thereupon, so that when the glasses are placed over the holes and the plastic
material is filled in, the underlying fillets or network of cells will key the same to
the face of the plate. According to another mode of construction, metal rings
around the light holes are cast upon the face of the plate, and the glasses are
cemented within these rings prior to the application of the plastic facing, while,
according to still another method, the glasses are made with projecting necks upon
the under side to fix into the light holes of the plate where they are cemented and
the glasses thus made fast to the grating before the plastic facing is applied.
The object of my improvement is to save the cost of the undercut fillets and
cellular net-work cast on the face of the grating: and to avoid the labor of
fixation incident to cementing the glasses in position preliminary to applying the
plastic facing material,
My invention consists in a flat perforated plate or grating made with bayonet-
slotted light holes, in which the glasses made to correspond with the bayonet-slots,
and preliminary to the application of the concrete facing, are fixed mechanically

page_text: by the simple action of entering and turning them partially around, in combination
with plastic cement or concrete put thereupon between the glasses over the flat
face of the metal plate, the glasses themselves being the means for keying the
plastic to the metal.
I make no claim to a (perforated plate or grating made with bayonet-slotted
light holes, nor to glasses corresponding therewith, nor to the two alone in com-
bination, my invention consisting in. a combination made by adding a plastic facing
to the other two which on hardening fixes the glasses permanently in place.
The glasses of preference I make with cams to more firmly bind against the
under face of the metal plate and with "milled" or roughened sides to produce a
more perfect bond with the cement facing.
My invention is particularly useful for making illuminating constructions where
the tiles employed for the work are "combination tiles," inasmuch as the half light
holes at the junction lines of the fractional gratings composing such tiles, on
being entered by the glasses are at once united by the action of the glasses on
being turned which at the same time and thereby interlocks the plates themselves
one with the other.
In applying my invention to practice I prefer to first place the plates or gratings
nakedly within the panel spaces of the structural framework in loco where they
are to remain permanently, the glasses being then put in and the cement facing
added. But when preferred the process may be applied to the structural frame
work made in sections and completed at the works, leaving the joints only to be
made good, between sections when laid at the building. Applied to the manu-
facture of coal-hole plates the work will of course be shop work.
Datad L 1

page_text: and other Structural Uses.
I. ARTHUR WELLESLEY LAKE of Grosvenor House, 13 Colville Gardens, Bays-
water, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention (a communication to me from abroad by Thaddeus Hyatt of
81 Columbia Heights Brooklyn New York in the United States of America) and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My present invention relates to the kind of illuminating gratings called
"Concrete Lights."
These gratings consist of a metal grating or perforated plate set with glasses
that rise above the face of the plate to admit of plastic hydraulic cement or
concrete being filled into the spaces between them and make a weather and
walking surface when levelled off flush with the tops of the glasses-On hardening,
the surface of the concrete has the appearance of stone.
As commonly made the concrete or cement is keyed to the face of the perforated
plate or grating by means of undercut ribs or fillets cast upon the face of the plate
or by means of a cellular mesh cast thereupon; and the glasses are confined therein
by the overlayer of cement, or the glasses, prior to the application of the plastic
cement facing are either cemented within rings cast upon the face of the plate or
cemented directly within the light-holes of the grating by means of an entering
neck or shank upon the glass that goes into the openings, after which the concrete
facing put upon the grating.
The object of my invention is to save the cost of the cellular net-work and
fillets on the face of the grating and to avoid the labor of fixation incident to
cementing the glasses in position préliminary to the application of the plastic
facing.
My invention consists in a perforated plate or grating made with bayonet-
slotted light holes and glasses formed to interlock with the same in combination
with a plastic or concrete facing that, when hardened, fixes the glasses permanently
in place, the sides of the glasses above the top surface of the plate (preferably
"milled" or roughened) forming interglass spaces in the nature of retaining cells
to key the plastic to the face of the grating.
My invention consists in the combined elements as combined that constitute
this special form of manufactured concrete lights the perforated plate made with
bayonet-slotted light-holes and glasses to match having been previously secured to
me by Patent N° 2788 dated August 23 1873 and a concrete-faced grating wherein
the glasses form retaining cells to key the plastic over-layer to the face of the
grating having likewise been patented to me by the same Patent.

page_text: week of Stank portion of the grass.
findicates the base of the glass and the interlocking cams thereof.
g indicates the bayonet-slots of the light-holes ii interglass spaces.
m. n. o. in Figs. 2 and 3 indicate junction-lines between fractional gratings 1. 2. 3. 4.
composing the combination tile.
mno indicate the interlocking glasses that mechanically connect the fractional
gratings at the junction lines.
I will now describe my improved mode of concrete-light manufacture-When
the grating is a one-casting tile as represented by Fig. 1 the light-holes will at the
start be all open as represented at A, Figs. 1. 2. 3 when glasses of the kind illus-
trated by Figs. 4. 5. 7 will be applied to the same as shewn at B Figs. 1. 2. 3. 5 the
cams ff of the glasses Figs. 45 and 7 entering and passing through the bayonet-
slots g. g. Fig. 6 and interlocking with the plate a. a. Figs. 3. 5. 6 when the whole
surface of the grating will appear as shewn at B. Fig. 3, all the glasses being firmly
set in position with the interglass spaces i. i. all open and ready to be filled with
the plastic cement. The plastic material is now added, and being smoothly troweled
and floated over the face of the work all the interglass spaces are filled with cement
as shewn at C. Figs. 1. 2. 3 and made true, level, and flush with the tops of the
glasses as shewn at C. Fig. 3 when the work is finished-As soon as the cenient
becomes set and perfectly hard the glasses are then virtually embedded in stone
and remain immovable so that the glasses not only hold the stone to the grating
but the stone holds the glasses a sort of "mutual benefit" arrangement between
the "members" composing the partnership.
In describing the mode of manufacture with reference to the one-casting tile
I equally describe it with reference to the combination-tile.
Fig. 2 represents a mode of construction where the fractional gratings that
compose the combination-tile are supposed to be first placed within the panel-spaces
of the structural framework before the glasses and plastic facing are added to the
gratings but if desired each one of the fractions 1. 2. 3. 4 may be treated as a

page_text: one-casting tile and concreted by itself the interlocking glasses being applied as
described the fractions being afterward joined in the panel spaces of the foundation-
frame.
One of the advantages connected with the employment of interlocking glasses
for combination-tile construction and manufacture is shewn in Figs. 2 and 3 where
the half-light holes of the fractions at the junction-lines m. n. o. on being closed by
the glasses become by the simple act of entering and slightly turning the glasses
as complete and virtually whole-light holes as any other in the gratings, the
mechanical action of the glasses uniting the fractions into a homogeneous plate
equivalent for all practical purposes to a one-casting tile.
The advantage and effect of the milled or roughened sides of the head of the
glass with reference to the concrete is shewn in Figure 5 where & the concrete, is
seen to bond with the rough side of the glass.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what.
I claim is
1. In illuminating tiling or gratings the combination, with a metal grating or
perforated plate, and concrete overlying the same, of glasses embedded in the
concrete and over the openings of the plate, formed with the foot or base having
cans thereon to interlock through the openings with the plate, substantially as
herein set forth.
2. In illuminating tiling or gratings, the combination with the underlying
grating and overlying concrete, of glasses formed with cams at the base to interlock
through the openings with the plate and with milled or roughened sides to bond
with the concrete, substantially as herein set forth.
3. In illuminating tiling or gratings the combination, with a metal grating or
perforated plate, and concrete overlying the same of flat top glasses embedded in
the concrete and over the openings of the plate formed with a foot or base having
cams thereon to interlock through the openings with the plate substantially as
herein set forth.
4. In illuminating tiling or gratings the combination with the underlying grating
and overlying concrete of flat top glasses formed with cams at the base to inter-
lock through the openings with the plate, and with milled or roughened sides to
bond with the concrete substantially as herein set forth.
5. A perforated plate or grating-made with bayonet-slotted light-holes in com-
bination with glasses formed with a foot or base to pass through the same and
interlock with the underside of the grating when the grating is combined with
a plastic face or overlayer of cement or concrete that on hardening permanently
fixes the glasses in place, the sides of the heads of the glasses above the face of the
grating at the same time forming interglass spaces or retaining-cells for keying
the plastic overlayer to the face of the grating.
6. A perforated plate or grating made with bayonet-slotted light-holes in com-
bination with glasses formed with a foot or base to pass through the same and
interlock with the underside of the grating when the grating is combined with
a plastic face or overlayer of cement or concrete that on hardening permanently
fixes the glasses in place the sides of the heads of the glasses above the face of
the grating at the same time forming interglass spaces or retaining cells for keying
the plastic overlayer to the face of the grating in combination with milled or
roughened sides upon the glasses substantially as described.
7. Fractional gratings without dead-work borders on their junction sides, made
with bayonet-slotted light-holes as a new article of manufacture or building
material for the construction of combination tiles and illuminating surfaces.
8. Combination-tiles composed of fractional gratings without dead-work borders
on their junction sides made with bayonet-slotted light-holes in combination

page_text: light-holes in combination with glasses formed with an entering base for passing
through the slots and interlocking with the underface of the grating and in com-
bination also with a facing or overlayer of cement or concrete.
9. A combination-tile the fractions of which at the junction-lines are interlocked
one with the other mechanically by the action of the glasses in combination with
a facing or overlayer of cement or concrete, substantially as herein set forth and
illustrated.