Improvements in Wheels for Carriages and other Vehicles.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 4th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 9th Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheels for Carriages and other Vehicles.
I, JOSEPH SAWYER of 227 Bethnal Green Road, London, in the county of Middlesex,
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of wheels for Carriages,
Cabs, Carts Omnibuses, Mail and Postal vans, and other vehicles-The object is to
produce an Elastic noiseless wheel to prevent vibration and give ease and comfort in
riding.
In carrying out my invention I make the stock or Hub of the wheel either of wood
or cast or malleable iron and I make a cylinder of Iron or Brass and fit the saine into
the wood or iron stock or hub of the wheel-The axle box I shall make of cast iron or
malleable steel bored out to size and fitted on the axletree on which the wheel
revolves.
I shall use india rubber rings or other elastic material to fit on to the axle box, and
the external diameter of these rubber rings are made to the size to fit into the internal
cylinder hereinafter described.
When I make the stock or hub of my wheel in wood I bore out a hole at the centre
of hub, and fix into same the above mentioned cylinder, and on the back or inside end
of the hub I fit on a wrought iron or Brass ring plate screwed to the hub by means of
screws and nuts, and at the front or outside face of the hub I screw on a brass or Iron
nut to exclude dust and dirt and on the outside diameter of stock or hub I fix on a
cast or wrought iron Boss or ring of metal with Mortices therein for receiving the
spokes of wheel. I make my cylinder of cast or wrought iron, or Brass or Gun Metal,
to the size required to fit into the before named wood stock, this cylinder has a margin
piece or stop cast on its internal diameter at the bottom end to form a stop, and stops
are also fitted lengthwise on the internal diameter of the cylinder, and also on the
outside or external diameter of the cylinder stops are cast on-these latter stops hold
the cylinder in its position when fitted into the wood stock or hub of wheel, and the
internal stops hold the rubber rings in position-I make the axle box of cast iron or
malleable steel and at each end I screw on a wrought iron or Brass nut or plate about
three inches in diameter and half an inch thick-stops are cast on the external
diameter of the axle box to hold the rubber rings in their right position when fitted
over the axle box-The size of axle box is about 2 inches diameter and 8 inches long
and bored out to about 1 inches in diameter, the size of the axletree upon which the
wheel revolves.
In smaller or larger wheels I use axle boxes and axletrees of less or greater
dimensions.
When making the stock or hub of wheel in cast iron or other metal 1 bore out the
stock or hub to the required size to form its own cylinder leaving a margin piece or
stop at the bottom end, stops are also fitted lengthwise on the inside of cylinder to
secure the india rubber rings when fitted in the cylinder as before described, and
at the back or inside face of the stock I fit on a wrought iron ring plate screwed to
the hub by means of wrought iron screws, and at the front face of hub I screw on a
brass or iron nut to fit up close to the end of axletree-The above mentioned ring
plate holds securely the axle box and the rubber rings fitted on it between this plate
and the margin piece or stop at the bottom end of cylinder-the axle box thus rests
on the india rubber rings which are enclosed in the before mentioned cylinder, and
the weight superimposed on the axle is thus carried on one continuous bed of
elasticity to the felloe of wheel in travelling over rough and uneven road.

page_text: The india rubber rings are formed with a hole in their centre and apertures are
made to pass over the stops, both in the axle box, and on the inside of cylinder.
The rubber rings are perforated with small holes through their thickness or are
corrugated on their outside circumference, or I may make the rubber rings of
hollow tubing filled with sponge or cork cuttings to render the amount of elasticity
required and in all wheels the materials used will be regulated according to the
weight or load the wheels have to carry.
When applying my invention, to wheels for, Bicycles, Tricycles, perambulators and
invalid carriages nearly all those parts that have been before described for the large
wheels will be carried out in Bicycle or smaller wheels, except as regards the size and
length of the hub, and at each end of the hub I fit on a brass nut. Metal rings are
cast on the middle of hub- to which the spokes may be screwed, and at each end
of hub metal rings are cast on to which the foot cranks may be screwed leaving
the wheel free to revolve on the axletree-For the driving wheels of Tricycles with a
chain motion I screw the chain on to the hub leaving the wheel free to rotate.
จ
As my improvements are capable of various modifications without departing from
the principle thereof I do not restrict myself to materials, dimensions or to the precise
form or placement of the several parts thereof.
Dated this 3rd day of January 1889.
RAYNER & CASSELL,
43, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheels for Carriages and other Vehicles.
I, JOSEPH SAWYER of 227 Bethnal Green Road London Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
.
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of wheels for carriages,
cabs, omnibuses, carts and other vehicles. The object is to produce an elastic noiseless
wheel, to prevent vibration and give ease and comfort in riding. In carrying out my
invention the stock or hub of wheel is made of wood or in some wheels I shall make
the stock or hub of brass or gun metal, cast or malleable iron. I make a cylinder
of iron, brass or bronze metal, and I fit this cylinder into the wood stock or hub of
the wheel.
The axle box is made of cast iron or malleable steel bored out to size and fitted on
the axle on which the wheel revolves. Rings of India-rubber or other suitable elastic
material are made to fit the external diameter of the axle box and the internal
diameter of the cylinder, for the purpose of producing a silent and elastic wheel.
When making the stock or hub of wheel of wood I bore out a hole at the centre
of hub to the size of the external diameter of the cylinder which is then driven or
forced into the wood stock the whole depth except in other cases where I insert the
cylinders at each end of the stock or hub extending only partly through the depth of
the stock or hub.
Within these cylinders and between them and the axle box Tfix the rings or
cushions of india rubher or other suitable clastic material afore-mentioned. These
flexible rings are held in position by means of a projecting piece of metal or stop
cast on the internal diameter of the cylinders at its inner end, and by similar stops
which are screwed on the internal diameter of the cylinder at the outer or top end.
Stops may also be fitted lengthways on the internal diameter and' on the external
diameter of the cylinder. The outside stops hold the cylinder firmly when driven or
forced into the wood stock or hub of the wheel, and the internal stops hold the flexible
rings within the cylinder.
In the case of some wood stocks or hubs of wheels I fix stops or ring plates made of

page_text: brass or iron to face up close against each end of hub to exclude dust and dirt and to
prevent vibration of the wheel.
The axle box, which is made of cast iron or malleable steel, I shall fit with stops
or rings screwed on the box at its ends. And I also screw stops on the middle
of axle box which fit up close to the stops cast on the internal diameters of the
cylinders. And the stops that are screwed on the end of axle box fit up close to
the stops or rings screwed into the ends of the internal diameters of the cylinders,.
this is to prevent grease or oil from coming in contact with the india rubber rings.
These stops also serve to hold the axle box secure in the hub of wheel though in
some wheels I shall screw on a brass or iron ring or nut at the extreme end of
axle box, this nut or stop fits up close to the end of the stock or hub and holding
securely in position the axle box and the flexible rings. It will thus be seen that the
axle box rests on one continuous bed of rubber or other flexible material which imparts
full elasticity between the wheel and the superimposed weight when travelling over
rough or uneven roads.
I may here state that I shall use the shape axles and axle boxes now ordinarily
used by carriage builders. When I construct the stock or hub of wheel of cast iron
or brass the same method of fixing the stops will be adhered to as described above;
with the exception that the iron stock will form its own cylinder. The flexible rings
may be corrugated on their outside diameter, or have holes pierced through their
thickness to assist in affording the amount of elasticity required. In the application
of my Invention to small wheels such as those of tricycles, bicycles and the like, I shall
use most of the parts described for large wheels subject only to slight modifications
and of course to a reduced scale.
In order that my Invention may be more fully understood I now proceed to describe
the accompanying drawings thereof, reference being had to the letters and figures
marked thereon, like letters and figures being used to denote the same or corresponding
parts throughout the drawings.
Figure 1. represents a view taken through a wood stock or hub of a wheel shewing
the axle, axle box, cylinders, rubber rings and the stops aforementioned.
Figure 2. shews a similar view taken through an iron or brass stock or hub of a
wheel.
Figure 3 indicates the mode of corrugating the flexible rings on their outside
diameter which takes against the internal diameter of the cylinders.
Figure 4. shews the holes pierced in the flexible ring, in elevation, and Figure 5 is
a section of the India rubber ring as shewn in elevation by figure 4.
Figure 6 is a front elevation of the hub or stock of a wheel according to my said
improvements showing the various parts which go to make up my invention.
Figure 7 is the elevation of a wheel fitted with a stock or hub according to my
improvements. In these two latter I have removed the cover plates for the purpose
of shewing in elevation the parts going to make up my invention.
In figure 1. A is the axle, B is the axlo box, U is the outer cylinder having the
stops CC upon it. ("C" are the stops screwed on to the external diameter of the
axle-box. D is the India rubber or other elastic band.. E indicates the space left
between the axle box and the stock or hub of the wheel to admit of the compression
of the elastic ring D.-F F shows the spoke of the wheel.
The remaining portions here shewn are those common to the stock of an ordinary
wheel.
In Figure 2. the letters of reference are similar to those in Figure 1. In this case
the cylinder and the iron stock are all one.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 explain my proposed method of making the India rubber or
other elastic rings marked D in the remaining figures.
In Figures 6 & 71 have as far as possible placed letters of reference as before
referred to for the better explanation of my invention.
As my invention is capable of some modifications without departing from the
principle thereof I do not restrict myself to materials dimensions, or to the precise
form or placement of the various parts thereof.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First The inserting of iron or brass cylinders or cups, in wood stocks or hubs of
carriage wheels for the purpose of receiving india rubber or other flexible elastic
material, in combination with stops or nuts screwed on the external diameter of axle
box and on the internal diameters of cylinders or cups as herein set forth.
Second. Iron or Brass stocks or. hubs made with an internal cylinder with stops as
shewn in the figure II of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1889.
RAYNER & CASSELL,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.