AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PLANING WOOD
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Searlo Hazeland, of St. Sampson's, in the County
of Cornwall, by Profession Venetian Blind Manufacturer, for an Invention of
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PLANING WOOD,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Scarle Hazeland at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1880.
•
Samuel Searle Hazeland, of St. Sampson's, in the County of Cornwall, by
Profession Venetian Blind Manufacturor. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PLANING
WOOD."
The object of this Invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive machine for
planing Venetian blind laths and for similar light work, to be worked chiefly by
hand power, and suitable for ordinary carpenters' shops and other places where
steam power is not available, though, when available, the machine may be readily
modified to be capable of being worked thereby.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a cast iron standard or pillar, on the top
of which is formed a sleeve to receive a short shaft. This shaft carries at one end
a fly wheel, which is provided with a handle by which the wheel is driven. The
other end of the shaft carries a feed roller, which is covered with india rubber or
other flexible compound to feed or force the laths or boards over the edge of a
stationary knife or planing cutter.
The knife or cutter is conveniently secured in a box or drawer carried by a
saddle-piece or slide, which works in V guides formed in the face of the standard or
pillar. The saddle piece or slide is capable of vertical adjustment by means of an
adjusting screw and spring, which are so arranged as to allow the slide to descend
slightly in order to compensate for any uneveness in the wood being planed, and
also to allow the wood to pass underneath the feed roller..
The width of the planing blade used and of the feed roller will depend upon
the width of the wood to be planed, but the diameter of the feed roller I prefer
should be the same in all cases.
When steam power is used to drive the machine the fly wheel is replaced by fast
and loose pullies.
If desired, two or more feed rollers`may be used, in which case one feed roller
will be placed over each cutter.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel Searle Hazeland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
January 1881.
SAMUEL SEARLE HAZELAND, of St. Sampson's, in the County of Cornwall, by
Profession Venetian Blind Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PLANING
WOOD."
The object of this Invention is to supply a want long felt for a simple and
inexpensive machine to plane wood, and to be driven either by hand or steam
-power.
To this end I provide a simple and efficient means for holding the work dowu
upon the feeding table, and traversing the work over the stationary knife or plane
blade with which the machine is fitted.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn in end view at Fig. 1 and side view
at Fig. 2 a wood planing machine for light work, arranged according to my
Invention. A is a standard or pillar of cast iron, on the upper end of which is
formed a sleeve B to receive a short horizontal shaft C. D is an elastic roller
fitted to one of the shaft C and receiving rotary motion therefrom, and E is a hand
wheel keyed to the opposite end of the shaft C for giving rotary motion to the
shaft. If desired, this wheel may be grooved to receive a band for driving the
same. F is a table which is carried in vertical guides formed on the face of the
pillar A, and-is-capable-of-vertical-adjustment. by means of the adjusting screw G,
which passes loosely through a fixed lug a formed on the face of the pillar A, and
takes into a threaded socket b on the table F.
In order to give the table F an elastic support it is borne by a coiled spring o,
which surrounds the screw G, and is confined between the lug a and adjustable
lock nuts d on the screw G. The pressure of the spring c is regulated by turning
the nuts d, and thus a greater or less yield of the table is provided for. This table F
is intended to receivo the wood to be planed and to support it during the operation.
The table is provided with transverse guides for receiving the box H, in which the
knife or plane blade I is secured in any convenient manner. This blade is situate
immediately below the elastic roller D, which serves both to hold down the wood
on the table and to force it forward over the knife edge to effect the planing
operation.
As the shaft which carries this roller D has its bearings in the fixed socket B
the roller will not be capable of adjustment to suit various thicknesses of wood.
This is however provided for by making the table F adjustable vertically through
the action of the screw G, as above explained.
The wood to be cut is pushed forward at first by hand until the elastic roller
has obtained a firm grip thereon, after which it will be carried forward by the
rotation of the roller."
To ensure a firm hold of the wood by the roller D it is essential to make its
periphery elastic. By experience I have found that I am enabled by the use of an
elastic roller, formed by preference of red rubber, to traverse the wood through the
machine, and hold it firmly against the planing action of the knife I, thereby
greatly simplifying the traverse motion of the work, and rendering traversing
chains or equivalent gear nnnecessary.
The roller, which is shewn detached and on an enlarged scale at Fig. 2º, Sheet I.,
may consist of a metal sleeve e, over which are strained discs or washers f of
vulcanized india rubber (say five eighth of an inch thick and five eighths of an inch
wide), sufficient in number to make up the required width of roller, the india
rubber being maintained in place by end plates, which are secured to the sleeve e
or to the axle in any convenient manner. The tenacity of this material is such as

page_text: to ensure (when a proper pressure, to be ascertained by experience, is applied), a
firm hold on the wood sufficient, not merely to keep it from rising, but also to force
it forward under the action of the knife edge.
It may be sometimes desirable to have two knives, arranged one behind the
other, in order to take off two shavings at one operation. In this case I employ
two rubber covered rollers, placed one over each knife.
This modification is shewn in side elevation and plan view in Figures 3 and 4,
Sheet II. The rollers D', D, are carried in swinging frames J, J', mounted on a
central shaft C, and are driven from that shaft by means of a spur pinion gearing
into pinions on the axles of the pressing rollers. The pressure may be applied by
tho weight or weights MI connected with the swinging frames J, J, by pendent
rods N. The maximum amount of pressure to be given at one time is regulated by
screwing up on the rod O the nut O¹. This rod is connected to one arm of a bell
crank lover P, the other arm of which is connected by means of the link P¹ with
the weight M, and thus the weight M can be raised or lowered as required.
In some cases, when a single blade or knife is used, I may find it desirable to
obtain a grip on the wood both in front and rear of the knifo, as, for example, when
planing hard wood. In such case I adapt to the machine (see diagram, Fig. 5,
Sheet II.) two additional elastic pressure rollers D³, D³, placed one on either side of
the central roller D. These rollers D³, D, may be mounted and weighted in a
mauner similar to that described with referenco to Figures 3 and 4, or in any other
convenient manner, and they will be driven from the roller D by means of inter-
mediate wheels, as all threo elastic pressure rollers must rotate in the same
direction. In this modification the table will be fixed, and the shaft C carrying
the roller D will be mounted in suitablo bearings, which will be capable of vertical
adjustment, pressure being applied thereto, as required, either by weights or
springs.
It will be understood that a considerable increase in the gripping power will
thus be given at the weakest point, viz, just as the wood strikes the cutter or as it
leaves the cutter, since the roller D³ will obtain its full grip on the wood before the
wood strikes the knife, and the roller D' will have a corresponding grip as the
wood leaves the blade, and both in addition to the grip of the roller D.
I would here remark that I do not intend to confine myself to the precise
arrangements of machinery herein shewn and described as these may be varied.
Having now described the nature of my Invention for "An Improved Machine
for Planing Wood," and explained the manner of carrying the saine into effect, I
wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I
claim,―
Adapting to a planing machine fitted with a fixed knife or knives an elastic
pressing and feeding roller or rollers, substantially in the manner and for the
purpose above described.
In witness, whereof, I, the said Samuel Scarlo Hazeland, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
SAMUEL SEARLE HAZELAND. (L.S.)