Improved Method and Means for Preparing, Developing, and Pre- serving Printing Surfaces, particularly Registering Series of Printing Surfaces for Multicolor Printing.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Nov., 1899-Accepted, 20th Jan., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Method and Means for Preparing, Developing, and Pre-
serving Printing Surfaces, particularly Registering Series of
Printing Surfaces for Multicolor Printing.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co., of 18,
Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention a communication to me from abroad by The
American Lithographic Company of New York, United States of America, and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The invention consists of the improved methods and apparatus for transferring
designs to suitable surfaces after the lithographic manner and developing those
surfaces into printing surfaces of the character desired for the designs so trans-
ferred, and especially the invention relates to the transferring of a series of regis-
tering designs to a series of suitable surfaces, developing those surfaces into print-
ing surfaces of the character desired and printing from the series in approximately
instantaneous succession, as in multicolor printing. The transferring of the
designs is accomplished by the contact of a suitable setting-up plate or transfer
base carrying a design with the surface prepared to receive it; and the develop-
ment of that surface into a printing surface may be by the ordinary manipulations
employed in lithography and including light etching, or it may be deeply etched
or developed in other suitable manner. In the former case the resulting printing
surface is planographic and requires dampening mechanisms as well as inking
mechanisms in the printing, whereas, in the latter case the surface becomes a
relief or intaglio-printing surface, not requiring dampening mechanisms in the
printing. Where the development is into a relief-printing surface, the ordinary
routing-out machine may be employed where desirable and in the ways well
known in the production of relief plates.
The accompanying drawings show apparatus embodying the apparatus inven-
tion and by which the improved methods may be successfully carried out.
Figures 1 to 15, inclusive, represent a transfer press. Figure 1 is a side view
of same: Figure 2 a detail; Figure 3 a longitudinal section; Figures 4 and 5
details; Figure 6 an end view: Figure 7 a top view; Figures 8 a detail;
Figure 9 a horizontal section; Figures 10 and 11 details; Figures 12 and 13 a
section and side view of a portion of the machine: Figures 14 and 15 details.
Figure 16 shows a sectional view of a modification of the transferring part of
the press Figure 17 shows a modification of the developing part of the press:
Figure 18 is a plan view of a system of the modified apparatus with a tube
handling device: Figure 19 is a side view of the tube handling device; Figure 20
is a further modification of the transfer press; Figure 21 is a further modification
of the transferring part of the press: Figures 22, 23 and 24 are still further
modifications of the transfer press; and Figure 25 is a diagrammatic representa-
tion in section of a planographic printing press.
Referring to the transfer press shown in Figs. 1 to 15 inclusive, it combines in

page_text: one machine the two functions of turning over or transferring proper and of
inking up and developing, functions which may be separated in the apparatus,
for instance as shown in Figures 16 to 18 inclusive and in Figure 21.
1 is a reciprocating bed or carriage adapted to receive the transfer base or
setting-up plate which carries the design that is to be transferred: This recipro-
cating carriage has an accurately squared and finished corner, in which the
correspondingly accurately squared and finished corner of the setting-up plate or
transfer base fits. The setting-up plate is forced to its seat in this squared corner
by screw forcing and clamping devices 2. The squared corner thus constitutes
an accurate mechanical guide for the accurate placing of the transfer base, or for
the entical placing of a series of transfer bases, upon the reciprocating bed or
support 1. The bed is reciprocated by a longitudinal screw operated from the
prime motor shaft 3. A clutch 4 controls the direction of motion of the screw
shaft or throws it out of connection with the prime motor shaft altogether. This
clutch is operated by a hand wheel. The bed reciprocates in slideways. 5 is the
surface which is to receive the transfer or design and is to be developed into a
printing surface. It is tubular and is supported by an interior form support
carried on a shaft. The tube is removable from and replaceable on the form
support and the form support on the shaft, and replaceable in the same definite
position. The ends of the shaft are carried in sliding boxes that are raised and
lowered by bar 6, acting through pressure rods 7, which may be locked in their
upper position by an eccentric 8. The shaft carrying the printing surface also
carries a gear wheel 9, which meshes with, the gear 10 of the travelling bed when
the printing tube is lowered into contact with the setting-up plate on that bed.
or rather with the transfer impression on the setting-up plate. A marked cog of
the wheel is lowered into a marked recess of the bed rack, always the same, and the
printing tube is lowered always to the same point, so that the same point of
the gear teeth shall contact and the beginning point of contact of the printing
tube with the transfer on its support shall always and reliably be the same.
Thereafter the motion of the traveling hed under the printing tube revolves the
latter, substantially by the friction of the two surfaces, the pressure necessary to
effect the transfer or turning over of the design from the setting-up plate to the
printing surface producing that result. Therefore the balance of the gear teeth
beyond the marked tooth and recess which determine the beginning point of con-
tact might be omitted. One passage of the bed under the printing surface suffices
to turn over the design or transfer or the paper bearing the same from the
setting-up plate on to the printing tube and to give such design or transfer its
permanent position on that printing tube. Thereafter, in the usual way, the bed
may be reciprocated back and forth several times, preferably with slightly
increasing pressure. This does not change or alter in the slightest degree the
position of the design or transfer on the printing tube, but merely serves to drive
the ink of that design or transfer more certainly into the surface of the printing
tube.
The printing tube is then raised by the handle 6 to a position limited by the
adiustable stop 40 and the transfer paper that was turned over with the design
or transfer is soaked off in the well known way. In this connection a drip pan or
hath may be introduced into the machine under the position of the printing tube.
the bed being moved out of the way to that end. Such a drip pan or bath is
shown in connection with the machine shown in Fig. 17.
The tubular surface is then in a condition to be developed into a printing sur-
face. To accomplish such development the machine of Figs. 1 to 15 is provided with
a suitable inking mechanism 11 and a suitable dampening mechanism 12, and the
drip pan or hath heretofore referred to may be employed. The inking mechanism 11
consists of a suitable ink fountain. a series of intermediate ink distributing
rollers and a series of form inking rollers adapted to contact with the printing sur-
face. The form inking rollers and immediately connected ink distributing rollers
are mounted on swinging frames centered with the main ink distributing roller.

page_text: The swinging frames are carried on hubs projecting from the frame of the machine
and loosely encircling the shaft of the main ink distributing roller. The ink
swinging frames are raised and lowered by means of the hand wheel 13, working
through a chain of mechanism including a worm shaft and worm wheel, the chain
of mechanism acting upon a segmental gear wheel 14 secured to the ink swinging
frames, one at each side of the machine and centered with the main ink distribut-
ing cylinder. The ink distributing rollers carried by these frames, with the
exception of the main ink distributing cylinder, are all mounted in sliding boxes
in those frames and are adjustable. The motion of the ink swinging frames
toward the printing tube is limited by an adjustable stop 15.
Of the dampening mechanism 12, the form dampening rollers and the brass
rider are carried on swinging damping frames. They are mounted in sliding
boxes carried in such swinging frames and adjustable therein. These dampening
frames are swung toward and from the printing surface by the hand wheel 16,
operating through a worm shaft and worin wheel upon a forked rocking arm 17
carried on a rock shaft and acting upon a pin projecting from the swinging
damping frames on each side of the machine. The motion of the damping frames
in a direction toward the printing tube is limited by an adjustable stop 18. The
water fountain is a porous water roller supplied interiorly, axially, as from the
water supply reservoir 41, although the commonly used open water fountain will
also work to advantage. The water roller is, vibrated toward and from the brass
rider by a cam 19 on the shaft of the main ink distributing cylinder and a train
of mechanism, including a spring 20 between the cam and the water roller. The
motion of the water roller away from the brass rider is limited by a stop 21. The
operative pressure between the water roller and the brass rider is a spring
pressure. When the damping frame swings toward the water roller the frames
contact and the rollers do not. When the water roller swings toward the damping
frame the rollers contact and the frames do not. The inking rollers and
damping rollers are positively driven from the shaft 22, which is driven from the
prime motor shaft as shown. All the parts of the ink swinging frame are driven
from this shaft 22 through the shaft of the main ink distributing cylinder,
excepting only the form inking rollers, which are driven only by friction. The
metal riders are given a longitudinal reciprocation from a cam groove 23 on the
hub of the shaft of the main ink distributing cylinder. The ductor roller is
reciprocated by the cam 24 on the shaft of the main ink distributing cylinder.
The brass rider of the dampening mechanism is driven from the shaft 22 through
a chain of gear wheels, three of which are mounted on a chain of pivoted links,
as shown in Fig. 12, so that the brass rider may be driven irrespective of the
position of the swinging frame in which it is carried. The water roller is revolved
from the shaft 22 by a series of belts, as shown in Fig. 10, the last belt of the
series being sufficiently elastic to permit of the reciprocating motion of that roller.
When the printing tube is raised out of contact with the setting-up plate on
the reciprocating bed, it may be driven from the shaft 22 through a chain of gear
wheels carried on a chain of pivoted links extending from the shaft 22 to a gear
wheel on the shaft of the printing tube, as shown in Fig. 14. The upper one of
the two pivoted links is secured to the shaft of the printing tube by a split and
hinged collar that may be fastened; as shown in Fig. 14, or unfastened and the
link unpivoted from the shaft and the gears thereby disconnected. The sup-
port 25 will hold the links and the intermediate movable gear wheel in position
during disengagement. The shaft of the printing tube has two gears upon it, one
to take into the movable gear driven by the gear on shaft 22 and so to drive the
printing tube in its raised position, and a gear 9 adapted to take into the gear
rack 10 on the reciprocating bed and so to drive the printing tube when in its
lowered position.
In the modified apparatus shown in Figs. 16, 17 and 18, the turning over
function and the developing function are separated, Fig. 16 showing a machine

page_text: accomplishing the turning over function only and Fig. 17 showing a machine'
accomplishing the developing function only. A system of such machines may be
arranged, as shown in Fig. 18, where one turning over machine and two develop-
ing machines are represented and a plan view of a tube handling device. To
cooperate with the tube handling device a tube hoisting device may be employed,
such as shown in Figs. 16 and 17, and consisting of hoisting arms 26, operated
through threaded collars by a screw driven at will from the prime motor of the
machine. Fig. 16 shows the hoisting arm in its lowest position; Fig. 17 shows
it in a low position and in dotted lines in its highest position. The hoisting arms
when raised carry the printing tube and its shaft upward after that shaft or the
sliding boxes which carry it have been unfastened from the pressure bars 7, or
other supports that carry it. The printing tube and its shaft are raised to the
level of the tube handling device 27 and the permanent shaft of the printing tube
is presented in alignment with the shaft of the tube handling device and the
two are adapted in any suitable way to be temporarily fastened together so as to
form the one a continuation of the other. Thereupon the hoisting arm support-
ing the shaft of the printing tube at that end being jointed for the purpose is
bent down out of the way and the printing tube is slipped along until it is wholly
carried by the shaft of the tube handling device. The tube handling device con-
sists of a standard with a revoluble head, and the shaft above mentioned pro-
jecting laterally from the revoluble head. The shaft may carry a form support
adapted to receive a printing tube. There may be one shaft on the tube handling
device or more as desired. Fig. 18 shows four such shafts mounted on a revoluble
head. The standard of the tube handling device may be mounted on a track or
on wheels, or may be fastened in place. By means of the tube handling device
described printing tubes may be removed from and put upon the permanent shaft
of the machine and this whether the machine is a turning over machine or a
developing machine, or a printing press, or a mere storage device. Fig. 19 shows
a side view partly broken away of the tube handling device of Fig. 18.
The modification of Fig. 20 shows a combined turning over and developing
machine, in which the support or bed carrying the transfer base or setting-up
plate is movable up and down through a double toggle lever operated by the hand
wheel 28, but without other motion, and the printing surface or tube rolls back
and forth along permanent slide ways, driven along same by the large crank
wheel 29. The printing tube may be caused to revolve merely by the friction of
its contact with the setting-up plate on the bed, or it may have a gear wheel
aneshing with a rack on the bed. The original turning over pressure of the con-
tact may be accurately regulated by the wheel 28, which may be subsequently
increased as desired, and when the turning over operation is completed the bed
may be lowered down entirely out of contact and out of the way. For the
purpose of developing the surface into a printing surface, a suitable drip pan or
bath may be inserted under the printing tube, and the printing tube may be
revolved by a hand crank or it may be driven from the main ink-distributing
cylinder shaft by an intermediate gear wheel meshing with it when it is drawn
backward into the proper position for such development, that is to say, for
suitable contact with the inking and dampening devices &c., a position which is
shown in Fig. 20.
Fig. 21 shows in section a turning over machine adapted to transfer the design
by whole surface contact, that is to say, by simultaneous contact of every part of
the printing surface with every part of the design or transfer on the setting-up
plate, as distinguished from rolling contact of one upon the other. The setting-up
plate and printing surfaces shown are flat surfaces, one carried in a sliding frame
with respect to the other, which sliding frame is raised and lowered as desired
This form of apparatus might be employed in carrying out the broad purposes of
the improved method, although the invention in its preferred form involves
rolling contact.
In the modification of Fig. 22, the printing surface is flat, as for instance a

page_text: flat stone 30, and the transfer base or setting-up plate is a curved surface 31. The
setting-up plate is revoluble and is carried in sliding boxes which are adjustable
vertically. The flat printing surface 30 is reciprocated backward and forward by
the revolution of a screw threaded shaft driven from the prime motor of the
machine. It is shown in Fig. 22 in the position it occupies at the beginning of
the turning over operation,-immediately after the curved setting-up plate 31 has
been lowered to its turning over position of contact. The setting-up plate may
be revolved by the friction of contact with the printing surface or by a gear wheel
taking into a gear rack on the bed carrying the printing surface. After the
turning over is completed the printing surface is moved to a central position in
the machine. Power is then transferred by a suitable clutch from the prime
motor of the machine through suitable connecting mechanism to a reciprocating
carriage carrying the inking and dampening mechanisms. This carriage passes
back and forth over the surface of the stone. The inking and dampening
mechanisms are carried in sliding frames on the carriage, which frames can be
raised or lowered by the hand wheel operating the shaft 32. The inking and
dampening rollers other than those that actually contact with the printing surface
may be driven by means of a gear wheel taking into a stationary rack on the
slide ways of the carriage.
When
In the modification shown in Fig. 23 the setting-up plate 33 is again a curved
setting-up plate and is capable only of motion of rotation. The printing surface
is again a printing tube. It is capable of being raised or lowered by means of the
hand wheel 34, working through suitable intermediate connections.
lowered into proper position it contacts with the setting-up plate and the transfer
or design is turned over, on to it, the two surfaces revolving together by frictional
contact or through gear wheels meshing together. When the printing tube is
raised into its proper position it is adapted to contact with the inking and
dampening devices when the frames carrying these devices are swung toward it,
and a gear wheel on its shaft is driven from the shaft of the main ink-distributing
cylinder through suitable gear wheels.
In the modification of Fig. 24, 35 is the curved setting-up plate. It is fixed
upon a stationary support. The printing surface is a curved printing surface
and rolls upon the setting up plate. It is carried in sliding boxes sliding up and
down in the end of an arm mounted and locked upon a shaft which is centered
with the curved setting-up plate 35. The revolution of the shaft swings the arm
and so rolls the printing surface upon the setting-up plate. The shaft is rotated
from the prime motor of the machine as and when desired. When the design
is suitably turned over upon the printing surface, the printing surface is swung
to the position shown in Fig. 24 and the sliding boxes which carry it are raised
into their upper position, where it is adapted to contact with the inking and
dampening devices and to be suitably developed, being driven for that purpose
from the main ink distributing cylinder, which through suitable gearing con-
trolled by clutch mechanism is driven when desired from the prime motor of the
machine.
Fig. 25 shows a multicolor lithographic printing press adapted to complete the
method of the invention. 36 is a central impression drum with a suitable uniform
impression surface driven in any desired way and itself driving a series of con-
tinuous cylindrical printing surfaces 37, of which ten in number are shown in the
drawing, each intended to print a different color. The apparatus is adapted to
print on the web and to print continuously, and to print the ten several separate
colors in approximately instantaneous succession. The series of continuously
cylindrical printing surfaces 37 have a series of suitable inking mechanisms 38
and dampening mechanisms 39, all driven from the central drum. Each inking
mechanism is carried on a suitable swinging frame whereby it may be swung up
out of the way when desired and so with each dampening mechanism. The form
and details of the printing press might be indefinitely varied without departing
from the invention.

page_text: In carrying out the invention with any one of the forms of apparatus described,
a series of registering drawings or designs are first prepared, one for each color to
be separately printed. In this work of the artist the invention permits important
modifications of the existing practice. The new principle to guide the artist in
his primary selection of the number and character of colors to be separately
printed, is to select substantially as many different colors as there are separate
distinct colors in the picture to be reproduced, and overlaying them in the print-
ing as little as possible, instead, as is the present practice, of selecting as few
colors as possible and overlaying or repeating them in the printing as much as
possible. Some over-but laying of colors is of course necessary and proper, as for
blending, depth, finish, &c., this overlaying of colors is by the new process pre-
ferably kept at a minimum. It finds its essential limit at any particular point of the
picture in the number of colors which, if printed at that point in approximately
instantaneous succession, will dry approximately instantaneous that is to say,
will dry sufficiently to permit the printing of the next succeeding colors without
harmful offsetting, and this without special intervals of time being provided
between printings for that purpose. A series of registering basic surfaces are
next prepared, one for each of the designs to be separately printed, in such way
that each basic surface when prepared shall accurately and exactly represent in
reverse the superficies of one of the proposed printing surfaces with its design
upon it. To do this begins with a non-contractible and non-extensible base or
setting-up plate, well known in the art of lithographic transferring, such as a
sufficiently thick sheet of zinc, which base or the parts of the sheet which are
employed as a base shall exactly duplicate the superficies of the printing surface,
(the sheet of zine may of course have unused margins which are not a part of
the base) and the design or a suitable number of impressions thereof are applied
to the base accurately and with painstaking care according to the exact position
in reverse that it is desired that the design and every part of it shall occupy on
the printing surface, the entire series of registering designs being applied in
related and identical positions on the series of bases or successively on the same
base, so that if such base or bases could be at such time used as printing surfaces
the entire series of designs printed by them would exactly register one upon
another. Each basic surface is then in turn brought into positive and positively
matching contact with its printing surface without slipping or sliding motion of
either upon the other during such contact or any motion of any part or either upon
the other, lengthwise or sidewise of the superficies of either during such contact,
whereby the design is positively communicated to the printing surface, every
part of it in exactly the position positively predetermined by the position of the
design on the matching superficies of the transfer base, all of the printing sur-
faces of the series being held for the purposes of such contact and throughout
such contact in the same identical relationship, laterally and peripherally, cach
one as every other, with respect to the designs and every part of them upon their
respective basic surfaces, whereby the designs so communicated to the printing
surfaces will subsequently register automatically in the printing.
Describing in more detail this part of the process, the design for one of the
colors, say the first color, having been printed from the original color stone upon
transfer paper in the usual way, is applied to a suitable setting-up plate or other
transfer base accurately according to the guiding marks on the setting-up plate,
by sticking up the transfer paper (on which that design is printed) accurately on
the setting up plate according to the guiding marks thereon. For the setting-up
plate a suitable stiff sheet of zinc may be used that is non-contractible and non-
extensible faced with ordinary paper, the paper being made securely fast to the
face of the zinc sheet, and on which paper the guiding marks are suitably
printed or otherwise placed. These guiding marks may be the ordinary crossed
lines at the sides and ends of the design, which are adjusted to similar guiding
marks on the general key design which may be printed on the setting up plate
or the design of one of the colors may be printed thereon, or any other suitable

page_text: guiding marks may be used. The setting-up plate with the design that is to be
transferred applied to it, or stuck up on it, is designated herein as the basic
surface for the color or design in question. At the proper time a basic surface
is prepared in the way just described for each separate color to be printed, by
applying the design for that color to a setting-up plate accurately according to
the guiding marks thereon, the same setting-up plate being used in succession
in the preparation of this series of basic surfaces or a series of setting-up plates
that are substantial duplicates of one another in the respect of having the same
or identically located guiding marks thereon. Each basic surface is then in turn
brought into a definite relation with reference to certain mechanical guide or
guides in a transfer press in such a way that the design upon it shall have the
same position with reference to said mechanical guide or guides that every other
design of the series in succession has. This is conveniently accomplished by
constructing the setting up plate with an accurately squared corner, and by con-
structing the bed of the transfer press or the support for the setting up plate in
the transfer press, with a correspondingly squared recess or corner, and by
applying the one to the other and forcing it accurately to exact position, the
square corner of the setting up plate in the squared recess of the bed or support,
by means of suitable and positive clamping devices. Any other form of apparatus
might be employed and any other method for reliably placing the entire series
of basic surfaces accurately on the support in the transfer press and all the basic
surfaces of the series in the same accurate position. Suitable contact is then
established in the transfer press between each basic surface and a suitable print-
ing surface, the printing surfaces being held, each one of them, in the same
position laterally and peripherally with reference to the aforesaid mechanical
guide or guides, as every other printing surface of the series in the corresponding
transfer step. This is conveniently attained by mounting the support for the
basic surface and the support for the printing surface in fixed and definite rela-
tion to each other in an organized machine, and moving those two surfaces toward
one another and so into contact and always in the same positive and absolute
In this
manner for each printing surface and each basic surface of the series.
way the designs for the different colors to be separately printed are communicated
from the respective basic surfaces for those several colors to the respective print-
ing surfaces in accurate and related position on those printing surfaces. The
then suitably
surfaces having the designs thus communicated to them are
developed into printing surfaces of the character required, whether planographic,
relief or intaglio, one for each of the several colors to be separately printed. In
this development the ordinary methods are employed that are common in litho-
graphy and in the production of relief plates, for example, light or deep etching,
and in the latter case in conjunction with a routing out machine if desired.
The entire series of printing surfaces, one for each color to be printed, having
received related transfers as described, and having been suitably etched or in any
other suitable manner having been developed into printing, surfaces of the
character desired, are turned over to the printing department. In this latter
part of the general process the colors, for which separate printing surfaces have
been prepared, are printed in approximately, that is substantially, instantaneous
succession, that is to say, at one printing operation, with but one handling of the
paper or edition for the entire series of printings and without substantial or pro-
ionged drying intervals between printings and preferably continuously and on
the web and on a circumferentially continuous impression surface; and apparatus
well adapted to carry out this part of the process successfully is shown in diagram
in Fig. 25. where ten printing surfaces that have received identically located
transfers of ten registering designs and have been developed into printing sur-
faces for the same, are represented as mounted in a suitable rotary multicolor
press and mounted in the order determined upon for the printing, and mounted
In the press accurately with respect to each other and to the drum impression
cylinder, so that they occupy correspondingly positive relationship with respect

page_text: to the impression surface that each held to the setting up plate in the transferring,
and are in a positive and predetermined registering relationship with respect to
one another so that their registering designs will one and all be exactly aligned
on the paper and will begin at exactly the same points on the paper and so will
all accurately register. The connection between the several parts of the press
is positive and absolute and the register, once attained, is thereby accurately and
reliably maintained. The paper is preferably supplied in the web and is fed
continuously onto a proper circumferentially continuous supporting drum or
impression cylinder, where it is firmly held in place on the drum and whence it
passes with the drum under each one of the series of printing tubes successively
(arranged peripherally around the drum) and is continuously delivered with the
finished pictures printed upon it.
It is preferable and desirable that the surfaces that are to be developed into
printing surfaces, should originally be planographic surfaces in the sense of being
at every point uniformly capable of receiving any sort of drawing or design in
the transfer step of the process. But having received such drawing or design or
an imprint or impression, direct or reverse, thereof, it is immaterial whether the
surfaces be developed into planographic printing surfaces (requiring inking and
dampening mechanisms in the printing), or into relief printing surfaces (requir-
ing only inking mechanisms in the printing), or into intaglio printing surfaces
(requiring inking and scraping mechanisms in the printing), or some of the series
into one kind and others of the series into another kind or character of printing
surface. In any case the printing surface when developed will print the drawing
or design, so as above transferred to it, accurately and in register with all the
other printing surfaces of the series.
Among the many advantages of the improved process is the fact that the final
registering of the different color designs,is not a matter of judgment or adjust-
ment in the printing department, but is automatic there. Thus all the devices,
and methods, and labor and loss of time on the press now required for obtaining
and maintaining accurate register in ordinary multicolor printing, are done away
with. In the new method final register is obtained absolutely and beforehand
and by a method including an absolute system of transferring followed by a
related system of printing. Not only is the register more perfect but the quick-
ness and economy of printing are revolutionary. As an illustration of the great
gain in rapidity of production in the new method over the old, it might be stated
that the product of one of the improved presses such as the one shown in the
drawing, running at only the same surface speed as one of the lithographic
presses now in use, would be equal to the product of about twenty-five of the
lithographic presses now in use. Whereas in the old methods register has been
attained by laborious adjustment of each new stone or plate in the printing press
by the pressman, and constant watchfulness to maintain the adjustment, and by
painstaking feeding of each separate sheet of paper into the press by the feeder at
each separate operation of printing, in the new way accurate register is practically
attained in the transferring department by accurate and exact transferring onto a
series of printing surfaces in accurate and related register throughout the series
and with reference to the predetermined positions wheh those printing surfaces, are
to occupy when properly mounted on the positively connected form cylinders of
the
press. This advance is especially notable in the art of planographic or litho-
graphic printing. There are many incidental advantages other than those
described. The multicolor printing may be largely pure color effects with the
result that the colors are purer, more varied, more exact. Again the overlayings
of color being less, the picture is sharper and clearer and the work of the artist
is easier, simpler and more direct. Again, fuller tints may be used, which means
more solid and substantial and durable printing surfaces. Better results are
obtained with cheap paper in the new process, than has hitherto been attained
by the use of expensive paper. Again, by the new method opaque colors, like
white, for instance or yellow or vermillion, may be used much more freely, either

page_text: alone or in admixture with other colors, than in the old method and this gives
greater range and scope to the artist, and greater accuracy and fidelity in the
final result. Again, in the new process there is a wider range of choice in the
order in which the colors may actually be printed, which fact is destined to
produce important artistic results. Again, the danger of producing inferior or
erroneous color effects, which exists to a large degree in the old methods, is
reduced to a minimum in the new, for in the new method the delicate balance of
colors may be attained on the palette or in the color box, that is, visibly and
before any printing is done, and so before any harm is done, and it can be
experimentally modified until satisfactory, and subsequently no defect of printing
plate or carelessness in printing will change that color. Again, the evils in-
herent in successive printings with long drying intervals between, among them
the expense and time and space of repeated handlings of the pictures, the
difficulty of obtaining even measurably approximate register, irregular changes
wrought in the paper between printings by changing atmospheric and other con-
ditions &c., are avoided. Finally, the number of colors that can be practically
printed one after another in approximately instantaneous succession, is, as a rule,
practically unlimited and finds its only limitation as to any particular point of
the picture, by the number of colors which can be printed at that point, one
above another, without harmful offsetting from the picture on to the printing
surface.
One part of the invention has to do with transferring by rolling contact such
as characterizes the contact of a flat with a curved surface and has to do with a
circumferentially continuous curved printing surface.
One part of the invention also consists in employing a white or otherwise light
colored ink or body in rolling up the printing surface after developing same into
a printing surface, to preserve it from deterioration, while it is awaiting use as a
printing surface and also so as not to detract, when the printing inks in use are
applied to it, from the color tone of said printing inks, many of which inks are
light in tone. The word lithographic as herein used in reference to printing
surfaces is not intended to be limited to a stone printing surface.
. Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The method of preparing a series of registering printing surfaces which con-
sists in preparing a series of registering basic surfaces each one of which shall
accurately and exactly represent in reverse the superficies of one of the proposed
printing surfaces with its design upon it, the basic surfaces consisting of a non-
contractible and non-extensible base which duplicates the superficies of the print-
ing surface and a design thereon which is applied to the base accurately according
ing to the position in reverse that it is desired that the design shall occupy on the
printing surface, the entire series of designs being applied in related and identical
positions on the base or series of bases, bringing each basic surface in turn into
positive and positively matching contact with its printing surface whereby its
design is positively communicated to the printing surface in predetermined posi-
tion thereon, all the printing surfaces of the series being held for the purposes of
such contact in the same identical relationship, each one as every other, with
respect to the designs upon their respective basic surfaces, whereby the designs
so communicated to the printing surfaces may subsequently register automatically
in the printing, substantially as described.
2. The method of securing register in multicolor printing which consists in
preparing a series of registering designs one for each color to be separately
printed, preparing a series of registering basic surfaces each one of which shall
accurately and exactly represent in reverse the superficies of one of the proposed
printing surfaces with its design upon it, the basic surfaces consisting of a non-
contractible and non-extensible base which duplicates the superficies of the print-

page_text: ing surface and a design thereon which is applied to the base accurately accord-
ing to the position in reverse that it is desired that the design shall occupy on the
printing surface, the entire series of designs being applied in related and identical
positions on the base or series of bases, bringing each basic surface in turn into
positive and positively matching contact with its printing surface whereby its
design is positively communicated to the printing surface in predetermined posi-
tion thereon, all the printing surfaces of the series being held for the purposes
of such contact in the same identical relationship, each one as every other, with
respect to the designs upon their respective basic surfaces, suitably developing
such surfaces by etching or in other suitable manner into printing surfaces of the
character desired, mounting such printing surfaces in a positive and pre-
determined relationship with respect to one another and to a suitable impression
surface or surfaces and printing therefrom, whereby register is automatically
obtained, substantially as described.
3. The improvement in the art of multicolor printing which consists in prepar-
ing a series of basic surfaces one for each color to be separately printed by
applying the design for that color to a setting-up plate or other suitable surface,
the design for each color being accurately applied with reference to all the designs
for all the other colors, bringing each basic surface into a definite relation with
reference to certain mechanical guide or guides in such way that the design upon
it shall have the same position with reference to said mechanical guide or guides
that every other design of the series has, establishing suitable contact between
cach basic surface and a suitable printing surface, the printing surfaces being
held, each one of them in the same position with reference to the aforesaid
mechanical guide or guides as every other printing surface of the series, whereby
the designs are communicated from the basic surfaces to the printing surfaces in
accurate and related positions, suitably developing such surfaces into printing
surfaces for the several colors to be separately printed; mounting said printing
surfaces in series in a printing press in positions accurately fixed each with
respect to every other and all with respect to the impression surface or surfaces,
and printing therefrom, whereby register may be automatically obtained, sub-
stantially as set forth.
4. The method of securing register in multicolor printing which consists in
preparing a basic surface by placing guiding marks upon a suitable surface and
applying the design for one color thereto accurately according to the guiding
marks thereon, bringing said basic surface into a definite relation with reference
to certain mechanical guides, establishing contact between the basic surface and
a second surface held in definite relation to the basic surface whereby the design
is communicated from the basic surface to said second surface, suitably develop-
ing the second surface into a printing surface for that color, preparing a second
basic surface by applying the design for a second color to the same marked
surface or a duplicate thereof accurately according to the same guiding marks
thereon, bringing the second basic surface into the same relation with reference
to the mechanical guide or guides as was had by the first basic surface, establish-
ing contact between the second basic surface and a third surface held in the same
relation to the basic surface as was had by the printing surface for the first color,
whereby the design is communicated from the basic surface to said third surface,
suitably developing the third surface into a printing surface for the second color,
and so on for each printing surface for each color to be separately printed,
mounting said printing surfaces in series in a printing press in positions
accurately fixed each with respect to every other and all with respect to the
impression surface or surfaces, whereby register may be continuously obtained.
and printing from said printing surfaces in series, substantially as described.
5. The improvement in the art of multicolor printing which consists in prepar-
ing a series of registering designs or drawings one for each color to be separately
printed, the designs being so prepared with reference to one another as that the

page_text: colors will in the printing be more or less overlaid upon one another but no more
at any given point than will dry approximately instantaneously, preparing a series
of registering basic surfaces from said designs each one of which shall accurately
and exactly represent in reverse the superficies of one of the proposed printing
surfaces with its design upon it, the basic surfaces consisting of a non-contractible
and non-extensible base which duplicate the superficies of the printing surface
and a design thereon which is applied to the base accurately according to the
position in reverse that it is desired that the design shall occupy on the printing
surface, the entire series of designs being applied in related and identical posi-
tions on the base or series of bases, bringing each basic surface in turn into posi-
tive and positively matching contact with its printing surface whereby its design
is positively communicated to the printing surface in predetermined position
thereon, all the printing surfaces of the series being held for the purposes of such
contact in the same identical relationship, each one as every other, with respect
to the designs upon their respective basic surfaces, suitably developing such
surfaces by etching or in other suitable manner into printing surfaces of the
character desired, mounting such printing surfaces in a positive and predetermined
relationship with respect to one another and to a suitable impression surface or
surfaces, and printing therefroni in approximately instantaneous succession,
whereby register is automatically obtained, substantially as described.
6. The combination of a series of registering basic surfaces, a series of printing
surfaces, a machine designed and constructed to support said surfaces in pairs, a
basic surface and a printing surface together, guiding means with reference to
which each pair of surfaces may be brought into operative contact in said machine
accurately and positively in the same identical relation in reference to register as
every other pair, whereby from the series of registering basic surfaces a series of
registering printing surfaces may be made.
7. The combination of a series of registering basic surfaces, a series of curved
printing surfaces, a machine designed and constructed to support said surfaces in
pairs, a basic surface and a printing surface together, guiding means with refer-
ence to which each pair of surfaces may be brought into operative rolling contact
in said machine accurately and positively in the same identical relation in
reference to register as every other pair, whereby from the series of registering
basic surfaces a series of curved registering printing surfaces may be made.
8. The combination of a series of registering basic surfaces, each comprising a
rigid transfer base, having a removable transfer sheet or sheets thereon, bearing a
design or designs in ink, a series of printing surfaces, a machine designed and
constructed to support said surfaces in pairs, a basic surface and a printing sur-
face together, guiding means with reference to which each pair of surfaces may
be brought into operative contact in said machine accurately and positively in
the same identical relation with reference to register as every other pair, whereby
from the series of registering basic surfaces a series of registering printing surfaces
may be made.
9. The improvement in the art of making permanent registering printing sur-
faces for multicolor printing, which consists in preparing a series of suitable rigid
basic surfaces having registering designs adapted to be imparted by contact,
bringing said series of basic surfaces and a series of printing surfaces together in
positive rolling contact, a basic surface and a printing surface together, at least
one of which is curved, each basic surface and its co-operating printing surface
being brought accurately and positively into operative contact in the same iden-
tical relation with reference to register as every other basic surface and its co-
operating printing surface, whereby a series of registering impressions are im-
parted to said printing surfaces, and then suitably developing said printing sur-
faces to make their designs permanent and capable of being used for printing in.
accurate register.
10. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination with a suitable.

page_text: basic surface having a design adapted to be imparted by contact, of a suitable
printing surface adapted to receive said design and to be thereafter developed into
a permanent printing surface for said design, one at least of said surfaces being
curved in form, a support for said printing surface and successive printing sur-
faces from which support the printing surfaces are removable, said support being
provided with guiding means with reference to which the printing surfaces may
always be located on said support in identically the same place, and means for
bringing said surfaces together in positive and rolling contact so that at least
one of them rolls in progressive contact upon the other, whereby the design of
the basic surface is positively and at once accurately, according to the position
of the design and all its parts upon the basic surface, imparted to the printing
surface.
11. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination with a suitable
basic surface having a design adapted to be imparted by contact, of a suitable
printing surface adapted to receive said design and to be thereafter developed into
a permanent printing surface for said design, one at least of said surfaces being
curved in form, a support for said printing surface and successive printing sur-
faces from which support the printing surfaces are removable, a support for said
basic surface and for successive basic surfaces from which support the basic sur-
faces are removable, and guiding means with reference to which said surfaces
may always be located on their respective supports in identically the same place,
and means for bringing said surfaces together in positive and rolling contact so
that at least one of them rolls in progressive contact upon the other, whereby
the design of the basic surface is positively and at once accurately, according to
the position of the design and all its parts upon the basic surface, imparted to the
printing surface.
12. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination with a suitable
basic surface having a design adapted to be imparted by contact, of a suitable
printing surface adapted to receive said design and to be thereafter developed into
a permanent printing surface for said design, one at least of said surfaces being
curved in form, a support for said printing surface and successive printing sur-
faces from which support the printing surfaces are removable, guiding means with
reference to which the printing surfaces may always be located on said support in
identically the same place, and means for bringing said surfaces together in posi-
tive and rolling contact so that at least one of them rolls in progressive contact
with the other, whereby the design of the basic surface is positively and at once
accurately, according to the position of the design and all its parts upon the basic
surface, imparted to the printing surface, and guiding means with reference to
which the printing surfaces and the basic surfaces may be always brought ac-
curately and positively into the same predetermined relation.
13. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination with a suitable
basic surface having a design adapted to be imparted by contact, of a suitable
printing surface adapted to receive said design and to be thereafter developed
into a permanent printing surface for said design, one at least of said surfaces
being curved in form, a support for said printing surface and successive printing
Burfaces from which support the printing surfaces are removable, a support for
said basic surface and for successive basic surfaces from which support the basic
surfaces are removable, guiding means with reference to which said surfaces may
always be located on their respective supports in identically the same place,
and means for bringing said surfaces together in positive and rolling contact so
that at least one of them rolls in progressive contact upon the other, whereby the
design of the basic surface is positively and at once accurately, according to the
position of the design and all its parts upon the basic surface, imparted to
the printing surface, and guiding means with reference to which the printing sur-
faces and the basic surfaces may be always brought accurately and positively into
the same predetermined relation.
14. In a machine for inaking printing surfaces, the combination of a flat basic

page_text: surface of the character described, and comprising a rigid transfer base having a
removable transfer sheet or sheets thereon bearing a design or designs, a curved
rotating printing surface of the character described, guiding means with reference
to which said surfaces may be brought accurately into a predetermined co-operat-
ing relation, and means for bringing said surfaces together in rolling contact
whereby the transfer sheet may be turned over upon the printing surface and the
design of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing surface.
15. In a machine for making rigid, permanent printing surfaces, the combina-
tion of a basic surface, a support therefor from which said basic surface and
successive basic surfaces are removable, guiding means with reference to which the
basic surfaces may be accurately and positively located on the support in the
same predetermined position, a rigid printing surface, guiding means with refer-
ence to which said surfaces may be accurately and positively brought into a pre-
determined co-operating relation, and means for bringing said surfaces together
in positive contact, whereby the design of the basic surface may be imparted to
the printing surface in a predetermined lateral and peripheral position thereon
and with reference to register.
16. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination of a basic sur-
face comprising a rigid transfer base having a removable transfer sheet thercon
bearing a design, a printing surface, guiding means with reference to which said
surfaces may be accurately and positively brought into a predetermined co-
operating relation, and means for bringing said surfaces together in positive con-
tact, whereby the transfer sheet may be turned over upon the printing surface
and the design of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing surface in a
predetermined position thereon and with reference to register.
17. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination of a basic sur-
face comprising a rigid transfer base having a removable transfer sheet thereon
bearing a design, a printing surface, guiding means with reference to which said
surfaces may be accurately and positively brought into a predetermined co-
operating relation, and means for bringing said surfaces together in positive con-
tact, whereby the transfer sheet may be turned over upon the printing surface
and the design of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing surface in a
predetermined position thereon and with reference to register, and means for
inking said printing surface.
18. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination of a basic sur-
face, a printing surface, a support for said printing surface and successive printing
surfaces from which the printing surfaces are removable, guiding means with
reference to which the printing surfaces may always be located on said support
accurately and positively in the same predetermined position, guiding means with
reference to which said.surfaces may be accurately and positively brought into a
predetermined relation, and means for bringing said surfaces together in positive
contact, whereby the design of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing
surface in a predetermined position thereon and with reference to register.
19. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination of a basic sur-
face, a support therefor from which said basic surface and successive basic surfaces
are removable, guiding means with reference to which the basic surfaces may be
accurately and positively located on the support in the same predetermined posi-
tion, a printing surface, a support for said printing surface and successive print-
ing surfaces from which the printing surfaces are removable, guiding means with
reference to which the printing surfaces may always be located on said support
accurately and positively in the same predetermined position, guiding and moving
means by which said supports may be accurately and positively brought into a
predetermined relation and the said surfaces thereon brought together into posi-
tive contact in such relation, whereby the design of the basic surface may be
imparted to the printing surface in a predetermined position thereon and with
reference to register..
20. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination of a basic

page_text: surface a cylindrical printing surface, guiding means with reference to which
said surfaces may be accurately and positively brought into a predetermined co-
operating relation, and means for bringing said surfaces together in positive roll-
ing contact whereby the design of the basic surface may be imparted to the
printing surface in a predetermined position thereon with reference to register.
21. In a machine for making printing surfaces designed to arrange and fit in
an exact and predetermined operating position in a printing press, the combina-
tion of a basic surface, a continuous cylindrical printing surface, designed and
arranged to fit in an exact and predetermined operating position in a printing
press, guiding means with reference to which said surfaces may be accurately and
positively brought into a predetermined co-operating relation and with reference
to register, and means for bringing said surfaces together in positive contact
whereby the design of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing surface
in a predetermined position, and whereby said printing surface may be readily
mounted in its predetermined operating position in the printing press without
the usual empiric adjustment.
22. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination of a basic sur-
face, a continuous cylindrical tubular printing surface, a support for said printing
surface and successive printing surfaces from which the printing surfaces are
removable, guiding means with reference to which the printing surfaces may
always be located on said support accurately and positively in the same pre-
determined position, guiding means with reference to which said surfaces may be
accurately and positively brought into a predetermined co-operating relation, and
means for bringing said surfaces together in positive contact, whereby the design
of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing surface in a predetermined
position and with reference to register.
23. The combination of a series of registering basic surfaces, a series of print-
ing surfaces, a machine designed and constructed to support said surfaces in
pairs, a basic surface and a printing surface together, guiding means with
reference to which the basic surfaces may be accurately and positively located on
their support in the machine in identically the same predetermined position,
guiding means with reference to which each pair of surfaces may be brought into
operative contact in said machine accurately and positively in the same identical
relation with reference to register as every other pair, whereby from the series of
registering basic surfaces a series of registering printing surfaces may be made.
24. The combination of a series of registering basic surfaces, a series of print-
ing surfaces, a machine designed and constructed to support said surfaces in pairs,
a basic surface and a printing surface together, guiding means with reference to
which each pair of surfaces may be brought into operative contact in said machine
accurately and positively in the same identical relation with reference to register
as every other pair, whereby from the series of registering basic surfaces a series
of registering printing surfaces may be made, and means in said machine for
inking said printing surfaces.
25. The combination of a series of registering basic surfaces, a series of printing
surfaces, a machine designed and constructed to support said surfaces in pairs, a
basic surface and a printing surface together, guiding means with reference to
which the basic surfaces may be accurately and positively located on their support
in the machine in identically the same predetermined position, guiding means
with reference to which each pair of surfaces may be brought into operative con-
tact in said machine accurately and positively in the same identical relation with
reference to register as every other pair, whereby from the series of registering
basic surfaces a series of registering printing surfaces may be made, and means in
said machine for inking said printing surfaces.
26. In a lithographic transfer press, the combination, substantially as described,
of a reciprocating setting-up plate adapted to receive the transfer desired to be
transferred, and a rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface adapted to become a
printing surface and to that end to receive the transfer from the setting-up plate.

page_text: 27. In a lithographic transfer press, the combination, substantially as described,
with suitable ink-supplying and distributing devices and with suitable water-
supplying and distributing devices, of a reciprocating setting-up plate adapted to
receive the transfer desired to be transferred, and a rounded or cylindrical litho-
graphic surface adapted to become a printing surface and to that end to receive
the transfer from the setting-up plate.
28. A transfer press comprising a setting-up plate, a vertically movable
rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface adapted to roll or revolve on the
setting-up plate, a mechanism for raising and lowering the rounded or cylindrical
lithographic surface, inking and watering mechanisms for the lithographic sur-
face, a driving mechanism to roll or revolve the lithographic surface in its
lowered position and another driving mechanism to turn or revolve it in its raised
position, substantially as described.
29. In a press, the combination, substantially as described, with a suitable
printing surface and suitable inking and dampening mechanisms, of a mechanism
for carrying the printing surface and moving it toward and from the inking and
dampening mechanisms and an adjustable stop to limit such motion in the direc-
tion toward the inking and dampening mechanisms, and a swinging frame carry-
ing the inking rollers that contact with the printing surface and an adjustable
stop limiting its swinging motion in the direction toward the printing surface,
and a swinging frame carrying the dampening rollers that contact with the print-
ing surface and an adjustable stop limiting its swinging motion in the direction
toward the printing surface.
30. In a press, the combination, substantially as described, with a suitable
printing surface, of a dampening mechanism including a vibrating water-supply
roller or fountain and means for vibrating the same, said means including a posi-
tive driving mechanism and a spring between such positive driving mechanism
and the supply roller or fountain, whereby when the supply roller or fountain
meets with any positive obstruction to its vibration towards the distributing
rollers the further motion of the positive driving mechanism is taken up by the
spring and whereby also the contact of the supply roller or fountain is in all
cases a spring pressure contact.
31. In a press, the dampening mechanism substantially as shown in Figures 1
to 15.
32. In a press, the inking-mechanism substantially as shown in Figures 1 to 15.
33. In a lithographic transfer press, the combination of a setting-up plate to
carry the transfer or design and a support therefor, a surface adapted to receive
the transfer or design from the setting-up plate and to be thereafter developed
into a printing surface therefor of the character desired and support for such
surface, and a suitable inking mechanism and a suitable dampening mechanism,
substantially as described.
34. In a planographic or other machine using a printing surface, the combina-
tion of a suitable frame, a support carried thereby adapted to receive a setting-up
plate, bearing boxes adapted to support a rounded or cylindrical printing surface
in proper relation to the setting-up plate, pressure arms connected with the
bearing boxes, a pair of lifting arms carried by the frame and arranged to lift
the printing surface from its position in the machine, substantially as set forth.
35. In a planographic or other machine working with or upon a printing sur-
face, the combination of a suitable frame, a form cylinder supported by the
frame, a pair of hoisting arms provided with threaded collars and adapted to.
slide up and down in the frame and to lift the form cylinder from its working
position, a pair of screws passing through the threaded collars on the said arms,
and mechanism for turning the screws to actuate the arms, substantially as shown
in Figure 17.
36. The combination, in a transfer or turning over machine, of a suitable
frame, a support carried thereby adapted to receive a setting-up plate, bearing

page_text: .
boxes carried by the frame, a shaft journaled in said bearing boxes and adapted to
receive and support a printing tube in proper relation to the setting-up plate,
lifting arms carried by the frame and arranged to lift said shaft from its working
position in the machine, with a stand having one or more receiving arms adapted
to be held in fixed alignment with the said shaft whereby when the shaft is
elevated by the lifting arms a printing tube may be slipped from the shaft to the
arm or from the arm to the shaft, substantially as shown in Figs. 18 and 19.
37. The combination in a press, of a permanent shaft adapted to carry a hollow
tubular printing form or tube or support therefor, a separate receiving shaft suit-
ably mounted and arranged to be moved into and be held in fixed alignment with
the permanent shaft and to be moved therefrom, and means for moving it into
and holding it in such alignment and moving it therefrom, whereby a hollow
cylinder on the permanent shaft of the press or any tubular covering or shell
thereon may be slipped off from said shaft on to the separate receiving shaft and
be removed or a hollow cylinder or tubular covering or shell may be put on to
the separate receiving shaft and be then slipped off from it on to the permanent
shaft, as shown in Figs. 18 and 19.
38. The combination in a press, of a permanent shaft adapted to carry a hollow
tubular printing form or tube or support therefor, a separate receiving shaft and
a printing tube holder carried thereon, the receiving shaft being pivotally
mounted upon a suitable stand and means adapting it to be temporarily secured
to, and so as to prolong, the permanent shaft at one of its ends but removable
from said shaft, whereby tubular printing surfaces may be placed upon or removed
from the permanent shaft, as shown in Figs. 18 and 19.
39. The method of preserving and making a prepared lithographic printing
surface ready for the reception of a colored printing ink without the necessity of
additional treatment preparatory to applying said printing ink, which consists in
applying to said prepared printing surface a suitable light colored body adapted
to preserve from deterioration the prepared printing surface between the time
when the said printing surface is prepared and the time when said printing
surface is inked for printing, said body being of such a character that when the
printing ink is applied the body does not materially detract from the color tone
of said printing ink.
40. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination of a transfer
base, with a curved rotating reciprocating surface, arranged to be brought to-
gether in firm rolling contact, whereby the design of the transfer base may be
imparted to the printing surface, and inking and water rollers for rolling up or
developing said printing surface, as shown in Fig. 20.
41. In a transfer press, the combination of two beds adapted to support a set-
ting-up plate and a printing plate, and arranged to be brought together in whole
surface contact and separated from each other, devices for securing said plates in
position in their respective beds, and mechanism for bringing together and sepa-
rating the beds, as shown in Fig. 21.
42. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination of a curved
rotating transfer base carrying a design, with a flat printing surface arranged to
be brought together in firm rolling contact, the design being turned over from
the transfer base to the printing surface, and inking and water rollers for rolling
up the printing surface, as shown in Fig. 22.
43. In a planographic or other mechanism using a printing surface, the com-
bination of a curved or rounded setting-up plate a curved or rounded printing
surface or plate and mechanism for bringing them together in rolling contact,
whereby a transfer may be turned over from the setting-up plate upon the print-
ing surface or plate, as shown in Fig. 23.
44. In a machine for making printing surfaces, the combination with a station-
ary curved or rounded support, of a curved or cylindrical support arranged to roll
over and thereby traverse the stationary support, a transfer base being mounted
on one of said supports and a printing surface being mounted on the other sup-

page_text: port, and means for bringing said supports together and separating them whereby
the transfer base and printing surface may be brought together under pressure
as required, as shown in Fig. 24.