Improvements in Furnaces.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Aug.. 1894
Complete Specification Left, 1st May, 1895--Accepted, 22nd June, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces.
I, MORIZ POLLAK, Engineer of Leipzig-Gohlis, Saxony, Untere Georgstrasse 10,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
The present invention refers to a furnace by which it is possible to take more
completely advantage than by those hitherto in use of the employed fuel. This is
obtained in the one part by reason that the fuel before being introduced into the
compartment of the furnace, where the combustion takes place by the contact with
air, is carried through several compartments, where it is partly warmed and partly
changed into gas, and that the charging of the fire-box can be effectuated without
it being necessary to bring it in communication with the open air. The construction
of the furnace is as follows:
The proper fire-box is of dimensions as to allow of filling it with a quantity of
fuel for a corresponding long duration and is adjusted with grates on the bottom
and if necessary also on the sides to let in or to blow in the air for the combustion.
It may also contain the means for governing the draught and an opening with a
door in order to be able to clean the fire and to light it. This lowest compartment
of the furnace is limited in its top by doors, slides or other fit means which allow
equally of an easy shutting-off and opening of it towards the other compartiment
formed above it. In the latter the fuel is warmed under the influence of the heat
developed in the fire-box, and it has openings in its higher parts to lead away the
produced gas and to bring it in contact with the flame. The upper partition of
this compartiment is also a slide, which is forming the bottom of the third
compartiment destined to previously take up the fuel.
The mode of operation of this furnace is easily to be understood: The heat
developed by the combustion in the lowest compartment will effect in the one part
the dry distillation of the fuel, allowing thereby in producing gas of the best use of
it for firing, and in the other part it will warm the fuel to make it capable of an
easy and complete combustion as soon as it is brought in contact with the air.
This takes place in the lower compartment, wherein it is met, when a charging is
required, by retiring the bottom formed by doors, slides or other proper means.
As soon as this bottom is again closed the middle compartment is charged by
retiring the upper slide and then the third compartment above it is again charged
with fresh fuel.
Dated this Thirtieth day of July 1894.
1, MORIZ POLLAK, Engineer of Vienna, Austria, Hermals, Hauptstrasse 57
late of Leipzig-Goblis, Untere Georgstrasse 10, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of the present invention is to effect the utilization of fuel to the
best possible advantare.

page_text: Fig. 1 shows two longitudinal sections of the new arrangement.
Figs. 2, 3 & 4 show the same as applied to steam boilers; Fig. 4 represents
sections m n and y of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 the application to an open boiler.
Fig. 6 a separating device, by the full lines in open and by the dotted ones in
closed position. The shutters are thereby hinged to the frame and joined
by the rod i actuated by means of the chain 7.
The essential idea of my invention consists in passing the fuel, before combustion,
through various chambers in which it is partly heated and partly gases are generated
from it, further in introducing it into the fire-box without admitting any outside air
through doors and the like.
This is obtained by constructing the fire-box C after the manner of shaft
furnaces, so that it may hold enough fuel for a given time. The necessary air to
produce combustion is supplied through grates. which are arranged according to
requirements either below (a) or at the side (6) of the fire-box, or by means of
suitable blowers. The door c serves alike for charging the fire-box with fuel or
for cleaning the same. Above the fire-box C there is a second chamber B which
is under direct influence of the heat generated in the former. The fuel contained
in this second chamber B is acted upon by the heat of the fire-box and partly
prepared for fast and easy combustion whilst gases are already partly generated
therein. These gases are led off through the pipe d and either conducted for
combustion into the fire-box or into any other part of the furnace, where it is
subjected to the flame.
In order to more intensely heat the chamber B, the flames developed in the
box C may be forced against the entire circumference of the chamber B, or the
flame may be permitted to enter it through small apertures. Air, steam etc. may
be also introduced according to requirement.
The chamber B is separated from the lower chamber c either by means of
hinged doors or other separating devices fi like that shown in Fig. 6, whereby the
hinged parts h are joined by the rod i or a chain which are opened and closed from
outside the furnace. Above the chamber B there is a third chamber A, separated
from the former by means of sliding shutters or other devices, likewise actuated
from without. This third chamber A serves for the reception of fresh fuel.
The mode of employment is as follows:
The fire is lighted in the fire-box through the door e, and by means of the heat
generated the fuel contained in chamber B is warmed, whereby a rational com-
bustion of said fuel is partly effected by withdrawing gases from it, or the fuel
partly prepared for such combustion by heating it. In the meantime the chamber A
is filled with fresh fuel, and when a fresh supply of fuel is wanted in the fire-box C
the doors e are opened, discharging the fuel out of the chamber B into the fire-
box C. The doors e are then closed again and the fuel in the upper chamber A
transferred into the chamber B by simply withdrawing the sliding shutter g, which
separates the two chambers. After replacing the sliding shutter g the chamber A
is again filled with fresh fuel. In this manner the operation of filling the various
compartments of the furnace is repeated as often as required, whereby no outer air
is admitted into the fire-box proper during filling.
In the application to a steam plant Figs. 3 and 4 show two furnaces according
to my system. These furnaces may be constructed in various manners, built more
or less into the boiler aud in any required number, so that the size of each furnace
Deed not be of very large dimensions and each furnace can be alternated cleaned,
whereby the particular one is entirely shut off from fire-draughts by means of
sliding shutters etc. The arrows indicate the direction of the fire gases.
Fig. 5 shows the application of the invention in connection with an open boiler,
for instance a brewer's copper. The improvement can however also be applied to
baker's ovens, ranges and stoves of every description.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
or
A furnace, characterized by having three or more compartments
chambers (A, B, C.), through which the fuel passes successively, whereby
combustion takes place in the lowest compartment (C) by contact with air, prior
to which the fuel is warmed or its gases withdrawn in the other chambers (A, B);
these said chambers or compartments being entirely separated and shut off from
each other by means of doors, slides, shutters (e, g) and similar devices.
Dated this Twenty-fifth day of April 1895.
MORIZ POLLAK.