CERTAIN IN POWER LOOMS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, FOR WEAVING AND CUTTING PLUSH, VELVETS, SEAL SKINS, AND OTHER PILED FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Priestley, Frederick Priestley, Overlookers,
and George Priestley, Manufacturer, all three of Bradford, in the County of
York, for an Invention of CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS, AND
ClownAND
"
חז· זחתתMTT
TO
AND
COMISIO Dr T
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Priestley, Frederick
Priestley, and George Priestley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 13th April 1881.
JAMES PRIESTLEY, FREDERICK PRIESTLEY, Overlookers, and GEORGE PRIESTLEY,
Manufacturer, all three of Bradford, in the County of York.
" CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
FOR WEAVING AND CUTTING PLUSH, VELVETS, SEAL SKINS, AND OTHER PILED
FABRICS."
Our said Invention relates to weaving two distinct cloths connected by pile
threads, and to split or sever the said pile threads so as to produce two perfect
piled fabrics.
For this purpose we employ an extra breast beam or top breast beam, which we
secure on the ordinary breast beam of a "pick and pick" loom to weave each cloth
with a perfect selvedge; on the top or on the lower breast beam of the loom and
at each end are secured brackets, to which is fixed a frame or cutting rail, and in
which are grooves or slides in which work two rails fitted with steel pins, and
which receive an inward and outward motion, so that the pins pass in and between
the pile threads before the cutting knife or knives comes or come into operation,
and the steel pins regulate the length of the pile threads and keep the same tightly
stretched during the operation of cutting.
The knife receives a quick eccentric to and fro motion, and works between the
rails having the steel pins; the knife is actuated by means of a lever which is
secured to the sword of the loom, and which actuates a lever fitted to an upright
shaft which works in bearings fitted to the loom; the top of this shaft works in

page_text: the right hand bracket secured to the top or lower breast beam, and on the top
part of this shaft is secured a short lever to which is connected a link which works
on a stud secured to the knife, and the other or left handed end of the knife is also
fitted with a stud on which is fitted a link connected to a small lever secured on
the top of a left hand shaft, which is actuated by a connecting rod connected to a
lever secured on the right hand shaft. The knife splits or cuts the pile threads,
and the eccentric motion is given by gear worked from the loom, and we may
employ a small circular rotating knife worked by a strap or cord having also a
quick to and fro motion, and the rotating knife works in guides which are secured
to the loom; the knife after reaching the end of the traverse or end of the width
of the cloth receives a reverse motion on the return stroke; the knife or knives can
be kept sharp and in good cutting order by means of sharpening stones which are
secured to the knife frame, and a slight traverse motion can be given to the upper
stone; the knife or knives is or are fitted and adjusted so that the cutting edge or
edges is or are brought exactly to the centre of the pile threads and of the two
cloths being woven; the cloths or pieces when cut are taken up as they are woven,
and split or cut by a beam or beams fitted under the breast beam, the cloths passing
over guide rails.
The warps after having been beamed and placed in the loom are passed over the
two breast rails or beams; the bottom breast beam receives the warps for the
bottom cloth or piece, and the top breast beam receives the warps for the top cloth
or piece, and both warps are beamed on the same beam, and are pulled the usual
way by the slay. At the back of the loom we fit frames having bearers in which
are placed the shafts of the two pile beams, one fitted over the other; on these
beams are wound the pile threads, which may be of silk or of any other suitable
fibres; the pile threads pass from the beams through the loom in the usual way,
and enter the cotton or other warps of the top and bottom pieces which forms
the pile.
To let off the pile threads at the required time and to regulate the length of the
pile an apparatus is employed which is fitted to each pile beam; for this purpose
we fit on the bottom shaft of the loom a small cog wheel which actuates a larger
cog wheel, to which is secured on the side of the wheel a tappet having two noses,
which tappet comes in contact at the required time with a small friction roller
which works on a stud secured in the end of a T lever; this lever works in a
guide which is secured to the loom frame; the upright arm of the T lever actuates
a pawl which is actuated at the required time to pull off the pile threads from the
beam; the pawl actuates a pawl wheel which is fitted on a short shaft having a
small pulley over which is passed a strap which works on the top of the pile
threads or warps wound on the beam, so that the pile threads shall always be let
off the same length, notwithstanding the gradual diminishing diameter of the yarn
beam as the weaving progresses; and to allow the strap to work with the gradually
diminishing diameter of the yarn beam, the pulley receives a gradual lowering
action, so that the strap is always kept at an equal tension; the small shaft, on
which are fitted the pulley and pawl wheel, is fitted in guide blocks which work in
guides formed in a frame or on upright rods; the guide blocks and frame connected
to them receive a lowering and lifting action, and this action may be communicated
by screw gear.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Priestley, Frederick Priestley, and George Priestley in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th October 1881.
JAMES PRIESTLEY, FREDERICK PRIESTLEY, Overlookers, and GEORGE PRIESTLEY,
Manufacturer, all three of Bradford, in the County of York. " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
FOR WEAVING AND CUTTING PLUSH, VELVETS, SEAL SKINS, AND OTHER PILED
FABRICS."
The said Invention relates to weaving two distinct cloths connected by pile
threads, and to splitting or severing the said pile threads so as to produce two
perfect piled fabrics.
For this purpose we fit on the breast beam of a "pick and pick loom" or of an
ordinary "box loom" two rollers having pins; the rollers are fitted one above the
other, the top roller receiving the top cloth, and the bottom roller the bottom
cloth; the rollers are actuated by gear which is put in action by an eccentric
fitted on the low shaft of the loom; the shaft of the top roller is fitted at each end
with a small wheel, which wheels actuate two other small wheels fitted on the
shaft of the bottom roller.
Between the rollers we fit a knife box which extends nearly the length of the
rollers; in the sliding part of the knife box works a circular knife guide block in
which is secured the circular knife which receives a quick to and fro motion from
a band secured at each end of the block, and passed over a grooved pulley which
is alternately actuated either in the right or left hand direction by two lifting and
lowering levers; these levers are actuated by tappets fitted on a shaft which works
in the bearings of a frame secured to the back rail of the loom. On the shaft is
secured a wheel actuated by a pinion secured on the low shaft of the loom. The
pinion turns the wheel which actuates the shaft, which brings in action the tappets
on the top of friction rollers fitted in slot holes made in the levers. When one of
the tappets is pressing down the lever the other is bringing the lever up, thereby
effecting an alternate lifting and lowering motion which gives motion to a peg
wheel by means of a strap cut with holes in which the pegs of the peg wheel enter
so as to give a kind of rocking motion to the grooved wheel which pulls the knife
through the knife box, and the knife after reaching the end of the traverse or end
of the width of the cloth receives a reverse motion and return stroke. The knife
box is made with an opening in its length for the passage of the knife, and the
knife receives a rotary motion in its passage forward and backward from a pinion
secured to the knife which works in a rack fitted in the box, and of the length of
the knife box.
The knife may be kept in cutting order by means of sharpening stones secured
to the knife block, and a slight traverse motion may be given to the upper stone.
The knife is so fitted or adjusted that the cutting edge is brought exactly in the
centre of the pile threads, and of the two cloths being woven. The cloths or
pieces when cut pass from the rollers having pins into a receiving box fitted in
front of the loom, and guide rails are employed over which the pieces pass to
the box.'
On the back breast rail of the loom we secure brackets, having slot holes, in
which are passed the studs of small levers having at each end rods extending across
the loom, and from one bracket to the other. The threads coming from the top
silk, plush, or pile beam [pass over the top rod and under the lower rod to the
warps, and the threads from the lower beam under the top rod and over the bottom
rod. The rods receive a slight up and down motion, by means of which a slackness

page_text: is given to the threads that are being let off from the beam, whilst the threads of
the other beam are kept tight until the shuttle has passed through the shed, and a
reverse motion takes place when the other beam is letting off threads.
We cut out part of the going part of the loom, in which cut out part we secure
a grate made by preference of steel. The warps passing through the slay when
weaving the top piece causes the warps of the bottom piece to fall in the spaces of
the grate, which allows of weaving any required length of plush.
At the back of the loom we fit frames having slides, in which are placed the
shafts of two pile beams, one fitted over the other, and at a given distance on the
beams are wound the pile threads, which may be of silk or of any other suitable
fibres. To let off the pile threads at the required time, and to regulate the length
of the pile an apparatus is employed which is fitted to each pile beam, and for
which purpose we fit on the bottom shaft of the loom a small cog wheel which
actuates a larger cog wheel secured on a small shaft. On the side of this wheel is
secured a tappet having two noses which come in contact at the required time with
a small friction roller fitted to a lever, which actuates a T lever which works in a
guide secured to the loom frame. The upright arm of the T lever actuates a pawl
which is actuated at the required time to pull off the pile threads from the beam.
The pawl actuates a pawl or catch wheel fitted on a short shaft, on which is fitted
a small pulley over which is passed a strap which works on the top of the pile
threads or plush warps wound on the beams, so that the same length of pile threads
is always let off notwithstanding the gradual diminishing diameter of the yarn on
the beams as the weaving progresses; to allow the straps to work with the
gradually diminishing diameter of the yarn on the beams; the pulleys receive a
gradual lifting and lowering action, so that the straps are always kept at an equal
tension; a break is also employed fitted to each pile beam to keep the beam
secured when not required to let off any threads; the breaks are worked by self
acting gear; the small shaft of each strap apparatus on which the pulley and
pawl wheel are fixed is fitted in a block which works in guides formed on a frame
or on upright rods; the block and frame connected to it receives a lowering and
lifting action by means of gear.
But in order to enable our improvements to be better understood, we will
proceed to describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which
Figure 1 represents a front view of part of a loon with front view of rollers having
pins, and shewing the position of the knife box between the rollers and knife
driving wheel; Figure 2 represents a back view of the loom and pile beam
apparatus; Figure 3 represents a side section of part of a loom with our improve-
ments fitted thereto; Figure 4 represents a side view of our apparatus for regulating
the length of pile; Figure 5 represents a plan of the knife box with cover removed;
Figure 6, the underside of the cover, and Figure 7 a side view of the box drawn
to a larger scale; Figure 8 represents a top view of the knife frame and knife,
Figure 9 an underside view, and Figure 10 a side view drawn to an enlarged.scale;
Figure 11 represents a front view of part of the going part of the loom fitted with
the grate drawn to an enlarged scale.
Similar letters of reference are used to represent similar parts.
A, breast beam made with a cut out part B; on the top of the breast beam are
secured brackets C, in which works the shaft D of a top roller E; below the
roller E is fitted another roller F, and both rollers are fitted on the circumference
with pins G; the roller shafts are fitted with small wheels H, which receive motion
from the gear I, put in action by an eccentric fitted on the low shaft of the loom ;
the top roller E receives the top cloth J, and the roller F the bottom cloth, and the
top cloth passes over a rail K and thence into a receiver L; the bottom cloth passes
over the roller F and thence into the receiver L. Between the rollers E and F is
fitted a knife box M, in which a frame N works backward and forward; in the
frame N works a circular knife O; to the knife frame are secured small pins or
studs P having openings, through which are passed the ends of a band or cord Q,
which is passed over a grooved pulley or wheel R which receives a rocking motion,

page_text: so that when the knife has cut through the pile threads the width of the cloth, a
reverse motion is given to the knife to cut through the threads on the return
stroke; the rocking motion is given to the grooved wheel R by two levers S, which
work on studs T fitted in bearers U which are secured to the frame of the loom;
the ends of the levers from the fulcrums are fitted with plates V, through which
are passed screwed rods W, to which are secured the ends of a strap X, having
holes in which pass the pegs Y of the peg wheel Z; the peg wheel is fitted on a
short shaft A¹, on which is secured the grooved wheel R; the shaft works in
brackets B¹ secured to the frame of the loom. The levers S are actuated by
tappets C fitted on a shaft D¹, which works in bearings E¹ secured to the cross
rail F of the loom; the tappets receive action from a spur wheel G' secured on
the shaft D, and the wheel G³ is actuated by a pinion H¹ fixed on the lower
shaft I of the loom; the tappets C act on friction rollers J' working in openings
made in the levers S, which give a lowering motion to each lever in turn, and
when one lever is pressed down it pulls down the strap X, actuating the peg
wheel Z, giving motion to the grooved wheel R and band or cord Q, which gives
the traverse of the knife through the width of the fabric, cutting the pile threads;
when one of the levers S is lowered, the other is pulled up by the strap X in position
to be actuated by the other tappet; the knife frame N in sliding through the box M
actuates a small pinion K¹ secured on the underside of the circular knife O, the
pinion working in the teeth of the rack L' secured in the bottom plate M', and
which gives a quick rotative action to the knife; a cover N¹ is secured on the box,
and a space O¹ is left for the free action of the knife.
To the back breast rail P1 of the loom and at each side is fixed a bracket Q¹, in
which are fitted studs on which work small levers R'; in the ends of these levers
are secured rods S' and T' which extend across the loom; the threads U¹ of the
pile beam V¹ pass over the top of the rod S¹ and under the rod T¹, and the threads
coming from the pile beam W¹ pass under the rod S₁ and over the rod T, which
allows of the threads of the beam being let off to be slack, whilst the threads on
the beam at rest are kept tight until the shuttle has passed through the shed.
And to weave any required length of plush, we cut out part of the going part X¹,
in which we fit a grate Y¹ made with divisional plates Z', and by preference of
steel; the plates are secured in the bottom plate A2, and the plate is secured to the
going part; the warps passing through the slay when weaving the top piece causes
the warps of the bottom piece to fall in the divisional spaces B2, which enables us
to weave any required length of plush.
At the back of the loom and at each end we secure frames C having upright
guides D2, in which work sliding blocks E2 in which work the shafts F2 of the
beams V¹ and W', on which are wound the pile threads, which may be of silk or of
any other suitable fibres; the blocks E² receive a lifting and lowering action from
screwed rods G2, on the ends of which are secured peg wheels H2 actuated by
other peg wheels 12 secured on the ends of the warp beam J2, so that as the weaving
operations proceed, the beams V1 and W' gradually lift up with the diminishing
diameters of the yarn on the beams; the screwed rods G2 are connected to the
sliding blocks E².
To let off the threads from the beams V¹ and W', and from each beam at the
required time and to regulate the length of pile, we fit at each end and on the
back cross rail of the loom and for each beam, frames K2 having slides L² in which
work, either up or down, as the case may be, blocks in which works a small
shaft M² on which is secured a small pulley N² over which works a strap 02, made
by préference of india rubber; one of the straps works over the pile threads wound
on the top beam V₁, and the other over the threads of the bottom beam W, and
each strap actuates each beam at the required time to pull off the pile threads from
the beam, so that the same length of pile threads, notwithstanding the gradual
diminishing diameter of the yarn on the beams, is always let off as the weaving
operations proceed. The pullies N² are each actuated by a catch wheel. P2 which is
secured on the shaft M², and each catch wheel is actuated at the required time by

page_text: means of gear worked by a pinion Q2 fitted on the lower shaft T¹ of the loom; the
pinion actuates a wheel R³, giving motion to a shaft fitted in brackets S³, which are
secured to the cross rails T2 of the loom; and on each shaft is fixed a tappet U2
having two noses V2 and cut out parts W2; the noses in revolving come in contact
with a small friction roller X2, which works on a stud secured in a moveable
lever Y; when a nose actuates the friction roller and lever Y2 it pushes out a
rod Z secured to the lever X2, which brings out the T head A³, which pushes out
a pawl D³ actuating the catch wheel P2, which consequently turns the pulley strap
and pile beam, letting off the pile threads exactly the required length, and the
different lengths to be let off according to requirements is regulated by the number
of teeth in the catch wheel and also by its diameter; this catch wheel is the only
wheel in the apparatus requiring altering or removing; the rod Z³ works in a
guide formed on a support C³; the pawl is fitted to a short lever D³ working on a
fulcrum Es, and the arm F3 is fitted with a spiral spring G³ to bring back the
pawl in working position. The noses of the tappet U2 also act on a small friction
roller H which works on a stud secured in a moveable lever I³, which when the
pile threads of either of the beams are not required to let off any pile threads, is
actuated and forced out, which brings a rod Js connected to a rod K³ forward and
brings a break L³ on the end of the pile beam, breaking the beam, keeping the
beam at rest until required to let off the threads; the break is released when the
friction roller comes in contact with the cut out part of the tappet.
Having thus described our improvements, and the best means we are acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the precise details shewn and described, as they may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, but what we
do claim is,
Firstly. The combination of parts forming the improved machine or apparatus
for weaving two distinct cloths connected by pile threads, operating substantially
in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing or any mere modifications thereof.
Secondly. The means of splitting or severing the pile threads so as to produce
two perfect piled fabrics, substantially as described and represented in the
accompanying Drawing.
Thirdly. The means of weaving any required length of plush by the employment
of the grate fitted in the going part of the loom, substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Priestley, Frederick Priestley, and
George Priestley, have hereto set our hands and seals, this Eleventh day
of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
eighty one
Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
(L.S.)
JAMES PRIESTLEY.
FREDERICK PRIESTLEY. (L.S.)
GEORGE PRIESTLEY. (L.S.)