matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BRACES, BELTS, BANDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lawley Parker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th October 1872.
I, EDWARD LAWLEY PARKER, trading as Bent and Parker, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS
FOR BRACES, BELTS, BANDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described,
in connecting together, and disconnecting from one another, the two
parts of which brace, belt, band, and other fastenings are composed.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the connection of the tab
plate to the body or frame of a brace fastening. In the projecting
plate at the lower edge of the body or frame of the brace fastening, two
parallel longitudinal perforations or slots are made separated from one
another by a bar. The upper ends of the said longitudinal perforations
open into cross slots of a larger size, the said cross slots being separated
by the bar described. The slots in the projecting plate have thus the
general Figure of the letter T with a division down its middle. The

page_text: lower end of the slotted plate is bent inwards and upwards so as to
form a spring hook.
On the upper end of the tab plate of the fastening is a cross head,
and in the middle of the said cross head is a slot or opening of a size
proper to fit upon the bar between the slots in the slotted plate
described.
In connecting the tab plate to the body or frame of the fastening,
the cross head of the tab plate is introduced into the cross slots in the
slotted plate of the fastening, the opening in the cross head engaging
with the dividing bar of the slots.
By depressing the tab plate upon the fastening it rides upon the
dividing bar, and its cross head engages with the back of the slotted
plate, and pressing back the beak of the elastic hook, drops into the
said hook. The tab plate is thereby securely connected to the body
or frame of the brace fastening, the said tab plate having freedom
of motion within certain limits upon the hook of the said body or
frame.
In order to disconnect the tab plate from the body of the fastening
it is necessary to lift the tab plate with sufficient force to press back
the beak of the elastic hook to liberate it from the said hook, the
lifting motion of the tab plate being continued until the cross head is
brought opposite the cross slots in the slotted plate, when the said
cross head can be withdrawn through the said cross slots, and the
tab plate disconnected from the body of the brace fastening.
In applying my improvements to belt, band, and other fastenings, a
I provide one part of the fastening with the slots and bar and elastic
hook described, and the other part of the fastening with the cross head
and opening described, the engagement and disengagement of the
two parts being effected in the manner described with respect to the
parts of a brace fastening.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING INK ON A PEN FIXED IN HOLDER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Auguste Constantin
Eckhold at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th May 1872.
I, CHARLES AUGUSTE CONSTANTIN ECKHOLD, of 16, Green Street,
Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR SUPPLYING INK ON A PEN FIXED IN HOLDER," to be as follows:-
Firstly. A hollow tube formed out of metal, wood, bone, or other
material sufficiently hard for the purpose of the size and shape of a pen
holder (this tube being herein-after called "holder"). At the upper
end of it is a piece or top which by a screw or any other convenient
arrangement is so fixed as to act as a lid for opening or closing the end
of this holder for the purpose of filling it with ink and holding it therein.
At some convenient place near this piece or top an opening into the tube
is made by a small hole pierced throug the side of the holder. The
bottom or pen end of the holder is closed by any suitable substance,
metallic or otherwise, through which a small hole is pierced. Also at
the bottom of this holder and either in the unmoveable part thereof or
connected with a slide or ring on the outside thereof made to revolve or

page_text: pen
to slide or revolve, depending on the size, form; and fashion of the
apparatus to be made, will be two slits or openings, in one of which will
be fixed the pen to be used, and in the other a small piece of metal
(hereinafter called "ink guide") underneath the said and so bent
and inclined to it as to receive the ink from the small hole and guide it
to the pen. Connected with this ink guide will be when required a small
peg or plug which by drawing or sliding back the said slide or ring will
penetrate and fill up the round hole at the bottom of the holder which
will be between the pen and ink guide.
Secondly. A two armed lever will be fixed on the outside of the holder
in such a manner that one of the arms by means of a spring will press
on and close up the small hole at the upper end of the holder from
which it will be raised by pressing down the opposite arm.
Thirdly. A case will be fixéd on the holder to protect the lever, and if
desired made sliding, so that it can protect the pen when not in use and
may elongate the holder. The holder will be filled with ink which is
made to flow on the pen by atmospheric pressure, the writer as ink is
wanted will by pressing the lower arm of the lever open the said upper
hole, when air enters the tube and presses the ink down through the
lower hole on to the ink guide which delivers it on to the pen. When
the pressure is taken off the lever the upper hole is closed and the ink is
retained in the tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTS FOR DISTRIBUTING SAND, STONES, LIME, OR ANY OTHER SIMILAR MATERIAL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Burrell and Thomas
Josiah Pullin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th December 1872.
We, CHARLES BURRELL, of No. 1, Victoria Road, Holloway, in the
County of Middlesex, Cattle Salesman, and THOMAS JOSIAH PULLIN,
of No. 8, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, Architect, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTS FOR DISTRIBUTING SAND, STONES, LIME, OR ANY
OTHER SIMILAR MATERIAL," to be as follows:—
Our Invention consists of a cart the body of which is of the ordinary
construction. On the revolving axletree of the said cart we affix one
or more cylinders from which radiate any number of arms or
projections. These arms or projections in turning round with the
cylinder cause the sand, stones, lime, or other similar material to be
thrown out of the cart, and through an aperture in the bottom of the
cart, and so distributed over the ground. The sand, stones, lime, or
other similar material may also be distributed by means of a sieve or

page_text: grating, having a quick horizontal movement imparted to it by the
revolving of the wheels or axletree.
By means of a brake or other similar appliance the movement of
the cylinders or sieves, as the case may be, can be stopped at will.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bernhardt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1872.
I, GEORGE BERNHARDT, of the Firm of J. C. Milns & Co., Radcliffe,
in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners and Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPLICABLE TO CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
In engines for carding cotton and other fibrous materials short fibres
are thrown off as the carding proceeds, and these fibres, called "fly,"
accumulate under the cylinders of the carding engines, and if not
removed at proper intervals much injury is done to the cards. Hitherto
such "fly" has been removed by hand labour, and the object of my
Invention is to dispense with such labour by applying machinery which
will continuously remove the "fly" as it falls from under the cylinder
or cylinders and roll it into the form of a "lap" which can be taken
away at long intervals.
My Invention consists in applying an endless apron or "lattice" to

page_text: This apron or lattice is driven slowly, and the "fly" that falls upon it
is carried to the back of the engine and is there rolled into a "lap.”
I prefer to employ for the purpose an endless apron formed by india-
rubber cloth ribbed with laths passing from side to side to keep the
cloth extended to its full width. The pulleys or rollers, on two shafts,
round which the endless apron passes are notched to allow the laths to
enter, so that the pulleys have good hold to drive the apron.
The apron
shafts or rollers are driven by an endless chain from the end of one of the
rollers feeding the carding engine, and from the other end of the same
feeding roller a pulley is driven which gives motion to a chain that
drives a square shaft (slightly taper from one end to the other) upon
which the "fly" is formed into a lap. This square shaft has bearings in
slots in side plates, which slots are curved to the radius struck from the
centre of the pulley driving the square shaft. The lower part of the
back end of the engine frame or casing is cut away to allow the endless
apron to come to the outside, and it is curved to help to form the "lap,"
the square shaft when empty resting in its bearings nearly close to the
surface of the endless apron, but rises in the curved slots in the side
plates as the lap increases and fills.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER BLINDS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nehemiah Edward Stevens and
Charles Cullum at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th September 1872.
We, NEHEMIAH EDWARD STEVENS, of Cheddar, in the County of
Somerset, and CHARLES, CULLUM, of Newport, in the County of
Monmouth, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER BLINDS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore calico and other blinds have been attached to the roller
round which the blind is to be coiled, by pins or nails, or else by
surrounding or coiling the end of the blind round the roller and securing
it thereto by stitching or otherwise, and blinds thus fitted when drawn
wholly down are in many cases very unsightly, because the nails or
stitching are then visible, besides, by the ordinary plan great care has
to be used to cause the blind to be evenly wound on the roller; now
according to our Invention these difficulties and annoyances are entirely
obviated.
Our Invention is as follows:-We take a roller which may be round,

page_text: be longitudinally into two halves, sufficient of the central portion of the
two halves being cut out to admit a rod between. The end of the blind
is placed on the axle, the two halves of the roller are put together,
thereby encircling the axle, and jambing the blind between the rollers.
Caps with or without grooved pulleys are placed over the end of the
rollers and secured thereto by screws, pins, or otherwise, passing through
the roller into the cap on the other side, or only partially through, as
found most advisable. To fit a new blind or to take down a dirty blind
and to put up a clean blind the screw or screws are withdrawn from
caps or pulleys, which can then be slipped off the ends of the rollers, 1
thereby dividing one half of the roller from the other half so that the
axle can be taken out and the blind drawn off. The roller may bo
painted, stained, or ornamented as fancy or taste may dictate.
”
The blinds themselves may be of linen, cotton, textile fabric, matting,
thin metal, wood, or of any other suitable material, and the Invention 1
is applicable to existing blind apparatus.
IMPROVE- KENTS IN HEATING FEED WATER SUpplied to Steam BOILERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1872.
I, NICHOLAS THOMAS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
KENTS IN HEATING FEED WATER SUpplied to Steam BOILERS,” to be as follows,
that is to say:
-
This Invention has for its object to heat the water fed to steam
boilers before entering them, and it is carried out in practise by placing
the pipes through which the water passes within the flues or spaces
through which the smoke and products of combustion pass, so that the
waste heat contained in the smoke and products of combustion is given
up to the water on its way to the steam boiler. By means of this
arrangement the water is supplied in a highly heated or boiling state
previous to entering the boiler, so that the heat is not withdrawn from
the boiler as is the case when supplied with cold feed water.
These improvements are applicable both to high and low pressure

page_text: In carrying out these improvements the boilers are encased with
iron or other substance, so as to form a space outside the boiler or
chimney, or both, which may be subdivided or not, within which the
pipes are fixed, or the pipes may also be carried within the funnel or
chimney.
6
AN IMPROVED GAS LAMP FOR ILLUMINATING THE INTERIORS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES OR PLACES WHERE UNDER ORDINARY CIR- CUMSTANCES MOTION CAUSES UNSTEADINESS OR FLICKERING OF THE GAS JET OR FLAME
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hunter Henry Murdoch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th January 1872.-A communication from abroad by Marco
Maroni, of Turin, Italy, Chief Engineer to the Alta Italia Railway
Company.
I, HUNTER HENRY MURDOCH, of No. 7, Staple Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED GAS LAMP FOR ILLUMINATING THE INTERIORS
OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES OR PLACES WHERE UNDER ORDINARY CIR-
CUMSTANCES MOTION CAUSES UNSTEADINESS OR FLICKERING OF THE GAS JET OR
FLAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a gas lamp for illuminating the interiors
of railway and other carriages or places where motion under ordinary
circumstances causes unsteadiness or flickering of the gas jet or flame,
which lamp is so constructed as to effect a more perfect combustion
of gas, and give a better and steadier light in proportion to the quantity
of gas consumed than heretofore.

page_text: The said lamp is constructed as follows:-The lamp case which may
be made of copper, brass, or sheet iron, is of a cylindrical form; at the
lower part is fixed a gas globe of the ordinary kind, which globe contains
a a burner which is supplied with gas by a pipe, the lower part of which
is bent into a semicircular form and passes under and supports
the said globe which rests on a bracket carried by the said pipe, which
bracket is furnished with a circular plate which partially closes the
aperture in the lower part of the said globe, and thereby protects the
flame from injurious currents of air. The upper portions of the pipe
aforesaid lie within the lamp case, one end being connected to an
outside tap communicating with a gas supply pipe, the other end being
screwed firmly to the side of the said case. A metal diaphragm or
ring having perforations is fixed in the lamp case above the globe, and
perforations are made in that portion of the lamp case which lies
within the aperture in the roof of the carriage, and the interior of the
lamp is thus kept cool. The upper part or cover of the lamp is partly
conical and is hinged to the cylindrical portion and furnished with
a spring. Perforations are made in the said cover, the said perforations
being protected from currents of air by wind guards or a wind guard.
The cover carries a short tube which extends to about one half the
height of the said cover and acts as an up-cast. The upper end of this
tube is cylindrical; the lower end is elliptical, and carries a circular
reflector in which is an elliptical opening. A coiled spiral spring is
placed upon the said tube for the purpose of pressing the reflector
against the diaphragm or ring aforesaid when the lamp case is closed
and the train is in motion.
A
By the arrangements described a steady continuous supply of air is
admitted to the lamp, and the flame therein is protected from the
iniurious action of currents of air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING YARN
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Howard Blamires at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th April 1872.
I, THOMAS HOWARD BLAMIRES, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Yarn Spinner and Woollen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
OR TWISTING YARN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery for spinning and twisting that
class of yarn for which the "mule" or "jenny" is usually used, and my
improvements consist in so constructing machinery for this purpose as
to dispense with the carriage and its traverse or "running in and out,"
and thus to greatly reduce the space required for working machinery
employed for effecting the spinning and twisting of yarn of the class
referred to.
I construct the machinery as follows:-The spindles are placed in
or near a vertical position, as on the "mule" or "jenny," or may be at
an angle, and are driven from the ordinary tin roller; the slubbing or
roving passes between the "letting in" rollers, to and thence through

page_text: revolving guide eyes to the spindles, fallers being employed for guiding
the yarn thereto. These guide eyes are supported on a cross rail, to
which a rising and falling motion is imparted, so as to secure the required
traverse or drawing out and spinning the yarn without occupying the
room or space required for the running in and out of the carriage, as 5
on the spinning "mule" or "jenny."
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR DAMPING FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Whittaker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
January 1872.
I, GEORGE WHITTAKER, of Breightmet, near Bolton, in the County
of Lancaster, Bleacher and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR
DAMPING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
--
My Invention consists of improved machinery and apparatus for
damping both sides of the fabric simultaneously whereas it has hereto-
fore been necessary to damp each side separately.
The mode of performing my Invention is as follows:-The fabric
to be damped is guided by suitable rails over two revolving brushes, the
centres of which are hollow cylinders containing water or other fluid,
which is thrown off by centrifugal force and applied to the fabric. The
fabric in passing from one brush to the other is turned over so that one
brush applies moisture to the under surface and the other brush to the

page_text: upper surface of the fabric. The fabric when damped is wound on a
batch roller driven by a friction roller, or it may be plaited down by
the ordinary folding apparatus.
The quantity of water passing through the revolving brushes is regu-
lated by slide valves worked by screws or other equivalents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISENGAGING SHIP'S' BOATS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
! .
2nd May 1872:—A communication from abroad by William Reid
Douglas, of Dunedin, New Zealand.
•
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISENGAGING SHIP'S' BOATS,"
a communication to me from abroad by William Reid Douglas, of
Dunedin, New Zealand, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination and arrangement of
apparatus for disengaging ships' boats from their lowering tackle whereby
greater simplicity of construction and certainty of action are obtained
than by the various boat lowering apparatus hitherto adopted.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ a ball and
a socket, or male and female figures of any number of sides locked
into each other by means of a suitable lever or levers attached to the
sockets, and connected together at the end by means of a chain or rod,

page_text: which can be instantaneously slipped or detached, thereby releasing the
balls from their sockets. One of these sockets is to be fitted underneath
the thwart of the boat at either end by means of suitable bolts, the
main bolt passing through the bottom of the socket and downwards
to the keel, to which it is fastened, thereby throwing the whole weight
of the boat and its contents when suspended upon the keel.
'
•
The ball is held in the socket by means of the top end of the
lever, the lower end of which reaches to near the bottom of the boat,
and is connected by means of a chain or rod with the other set of
the apparatus attached in a similar manner to the other extremity of 1
the boat.
Both sets of apparatus being thus connected can instantaneously be
disengaged by slackening the end of the chain, which is attached to
the end of one lever and passes over a small pulley attached to the other
lever. The end of this chain when locked is secured to a pin or cleat 1
fixed to the boat. The balls when disengaged remain attached to the
blocks of the ship's davits.
The above description applies to the mode of attaching such apparatus
underneath the thwarts of a boat, but it may be fixed on or above the
thwarts or on any other part were sufficient purchase and solidity can 2
be secured.
For boats of different weights and sizes the apparatus is made pro-
AN IMPROVED DRILL STOCK
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Edward Donovan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1872.
I, RICHARD EDWARD DONOVAN, of Upper Rathmines, in the County
of Dublin, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED DRILL STOCK," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
drill stocks, and whereby great advantages are obtained. The body of
the drill stock is formed in the ordinary manner with a socket for the
reception of the drill or "bit," and is provided with a handle in which
the rear end of the body of the drill stock is so arranged as to be capable
of rotating freely therein.
In lieu of the grooved disc which is usually mounted on the drill
stock and actuated by a bow, a circular disc is fixed on the drill stock,
the periphery thereof being furnished with a band or ring of vulcanized
india-rubber or other suitable material, and on a bracket which is
attached to the handle is mounted by means of a spindle and suitable
bearings a circular disc, the periphery of which is also furnished with a

page_text: band or ring of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable material. The
last-mentioned disc is so arranged as to revolve freely on its axis, and
is in the same plane with and in juxtaposition to the disc which is
mounted on the drill stock.
In order to employ the drill in an effectual manner it is only
necessary to hold the drill stock firmly by the handle and to cause the
former to rotate in alternate directions by inserting a piece of wood or
metal or other suitable material between the respective discs (which by
reason of the elastic or partially elastic bands or rings round the same
give the requisite amount of pressure), and moving the same backwards
and forwards, when the drill stock with its drill or bit will be caused to
rotate. By means of these improvements the use of the bow ordinarily
employed is altogether dispensed with.
Instead of employing a revolving disc mounted on a bracket attached
to the handle, as before-mentioned, a fixed or rigid disc or roller or
bearing surface, or a spring capable of exerting the necessary degree of
pressure may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PRINTING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred John Parker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1872.
I, ALFRED JOHN PARKER, of 4, Olney Street, Walworth, in the
County of Surrey, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of machines for printing,
and in the combination of appliances for inking the type and for
obtaining the necessary impression therefrom upon the paper.
The machine is composed of a rectangular frame between which the
necessary apparatus are arranged, such as the type forme in a vertical or
nearly vertical position, against which the tympan and platten with the
blank sheet of paper is brought by arms or rods actuated by disc wheels,
one or both of which is or are driven by spur or other pinions from a
At the sides of the machine are what
crank, strap, or band as desired.
'shapes" to govern the rise and fall in a circular
direction of the tympan; toothed arms are employed to gear with
may be called
"

page_text: pinions for producing the rotation or travel of one or more chains, on or
to which the inking rollers are attached. These inking rollers travel
up and down against the face of the type, and bear against ink dis-
tributing rollers arranged at the top and bottom to furnish a supply of
ink previous to each travel.
"
"
In some machines, such as those worked by hand or treadle, I
dispense with the lower ductor and vibrator or mouse and obtain
a redistribution of ink upon the inking rollers previous to the upward
travel being made by their contact with the lower distributing roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING SURFACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Blackmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
August 1872.
I, CHARLES BLACKMORE, of Guildford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Designer and Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a cheap and simple process for producing
raised ornamental designs on flat or rounded surfaces, and consists in
stencilling the required design in adhesive material upon the surface to
be ornamented, and in sifting over such designs animal, vegetable, or
mineral substances, in a powdered flock or granulated state, such as
wood, bone, or ivory dust, flock used for paper hangings, metal dust or
filings, emery, or sand.
The surplus powdered or granulated substance is then blown off,
leaving the design raised upon the surface which has been ornamented,
which when the adhesive material has become dry is hard and durable.
If desired the patterns thus produced may be gilt, colored, or otherwise

page_text: further ornamented, as taste may dictate. In some cases the adhesive
material may be applied by hand with the aid of a pencil or brush in
lieu of by stencil plates.
·
My improved mode of ornamentaion is specially applicable to the
panels of doors, picture frames, the decoration of organ cases, and pipes,
and in all cases where increased richness of effect is desired.
The adhesive material before referred to, which I propose to employ is
composed of white lead, and ochre, ground or mixed together in boiled
oil, to which are added oil, varnish, gold size, and venice turpentine.
This mixture is to be kept till it attains the proper consistency for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING NUTS ON THE BOLTS USED IN THE FISH JOINTS OF " & com- RAILS AND OTHER SITUATIONS, ANd in Means EmPLOYED THEREFOR,
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stebbins Fish at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st May 1872. A communication from abroad by George Mallory,
of Mystic Bridge, Connecticut, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM STEBBINS FISH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING NUTS ON THE BOLTS USED IN THE FISH JOINTS OF
" & com-
RAILS AND OTHER SITUATIONS, ANd in Means EmPLOYED THEREFOR,'
munication to me from abroad by George Mallory, of Mystic Bridge,
Connecticut, United States of America, to be as follows, that is to
say:
-
This Invention which has for its object to lock the nuts used on screw
bolts in the fish joints of rails, and other situations where such nuts
become loose by vibration or other causes, consists in the employment
of a flat metallic plate in which holes are formed to pass over the
screwed ends of the bolts. The plate is so made that when pressed

page_text: against the fish or other joint by the screwing up of the nuts it is firmly
held, after which the projecting ends of the plate are bent over so as to
bear against one of the flat sides of the nut, which therefore prevents
the nut from turning round and thereby becoming loose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERSING MILLS FOR ROLLING IRON
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hannay at the Offico
'
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
January 1872.
I, THOMAS HANNAY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERSING MILLS FOR ROLLING IRON," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to overcome in a great measure the
shock or jerk occasioned in the reversing of mills for rolling iron, and it
consists in the employment of spring clutches and buffers for effecting
that end. The spring clutches are constructed of plates of metal bolted
or rivetted together, or of solid bars or plates, these being held in
openings formed in one end of a shaft which is situated in a
corresponding recess or slot in that shaft on which the spur wheels
which drive the rolls are placed. The end of the shaft opposite to that
wherein the clutches are secured may be attached to the piston of a
hydraulic or steam cylinder by means of which the clutches are put in
or out of gear with the driving wheels, or the said end of the shaft may

page_text: be provided with a lever for that purpose. A slot corresponding to the
breadth and depth of the clutches is formed in the shaft whereon the
driving wheels of the rolls are placed so as to allow of the free backward
and forward movement of the clutches, and also to allow the extremities
thereof to act on the buffers herein-before referred to, the rods of which
are contained in suitable boxes fixed to the sides of the driving wheels.
At the interior of the buffer boxes springs, which may be either spiral
springs or composed of alternate plates or discs of metal and india-
rubber or other elastic and compressible material, or of pairs of conic
plates, are also placed.
When it is desired to reverse the motion of the rolls the clutches are
withdrawn from contact with the buffers of one driving wheel, thereby
causing the wheel to revolve idly on the driving shaft, and being pushed
or drawn into gear with the buffers on the other driving wheel which
has hitherto been idly revolving on the shaft but in a contrary direction
to that of the wheel first referred to, an opposite motion is thereby
imparted to the driving shaft, and which on account of the springs
wherewith the buffers are provided is effected with as little shock or jerk
as is practically attainable..
In order to assist the clutches in sustaining the strain put upon them
in reversing the rolls, bosses are placed on the driving shaft, and which
are provided with heels against which the clutches bear when their
extremities come in contact with the buffers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kesterton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1872.
I, HENRY KESTERTON, of Park Road, Moseley, near Birmingham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
steam boilers, and it relates to boilers built up of separate tubes provided
with heads or end pieces at their extremities which are held in tight
contact the one with the other, and are formed with corresponding
passages for the circulation and conveyance of the water and steam from
tube to tube.
In the construction of such boilers I employ welded or drawn tubes
expanded into cast heads or end pieces; the tubes are placed one over
the other to form a series of any desired height. The abutting surfaces
of the heads are faced, metal packing rings are inserted between them,
and they are held together by double headed rivet-like clips. There are
two or more of these clips to each joint, and they are inserted when

page_text: hot between lugs upon the tube heads or end pieces and closed down
upon the lugs with a few light blows of a hammer; then as the clips
cool they draw the heads or end pieces together so closely as to make a
perfect joint.
Several series of tubes thus combined into rectangular slabs are
employed to form a boiler; they are erected parallel the one to the other,
each series of tubes being set in an upright position with the tubes
composing it slightly inclined from the horizontal, and each series is
connected at its lower angle with the feed water pipe, and at its upper
angle with the steam pipe.
The fire-bars are beneath the tubes and the draft is caused to traverse
to and fro amongst the tubes by partition plates passing amongst
the lower tubes and between the heads of the tubes of the different sorics;
it returns amongst the upper tubes, passing again and again between the
heads or ends of the tubes so that the entire surface of the tube heads or
ends is made available as heating surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POMPEIAN' AND 'MAREZZO ARTIFICIAL MARBLE, IN HARDENING AND OTHERWISE TREATING CEMENTS, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1872.
I, GEORGE DAVEY, of 17, New Cavendish Street, Portland Place,
London, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POMPEIAN' AND 'MAREZZO ARTIFICIAL
MARBLE, IN HARDENING AND OTHERWISE TREATING CEMENTS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
AND APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of "Pompeian"
and "Marezzo" artificial marble consists of making such compositions
from various pulverized stones, concretes, and cements, and of treating
them with certain vitreous substances while in a plastic condition, and
of afterwards coloring and veining them by machinery adapted for the
purpose, instead of by means of fibres of silk as now practised, or by the
hand of the operative as in the manufacture of "scagliola," and of
procuring reproductions of the patterns or designs, or veins of marble on
artificial compositions in exact fac-simile of mineralogical specimens
instead of the "fancy" patterns now used.
And further my Invention consists of petrifying and hardening
cements, and of treating them with colours.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFINS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Albert Leaker, William
Norman, and William Howard Leaker at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th July 1872.
We, ARTHUR ALBERT LEAKER, WILLIAM NORMAN, and WILLIAM
HOWARD LEAKER, all of Bristol, in the County of Somerset, Enamelled
Slate Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFINS," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention relates to the construction of coffins which are
designed to be used in the place of those heretofore made of lead and
other durable materials, while at the same time they are simple of manu-
facture, not more bulky than wood coffins, and have a very beautiful
appearance.
•
Our improved coffins are made of enamelled slate. We take slabs or
pieces of this slate and cut or otherwise work them into the shape of the
sides and other parts of ordinary coffins and fit them well together. In
the construction of coffins of slate and other similar material as hitherto
practised the fastening of the parts together has been a matter of great
difficulty and inconvenience; but we accomplish this object in a con-

page_text: venient, simple, and durable manner by the following contrivance :-
In the various parts of the coffin where the fastenings are to be made
we bore holes in the substance of the slate; then by under cutting,
cross drilling, or otherwise, we enlarge the inner part of these holes; into
the said holes we place screws of suitable size, and pour around them
molten lead or other suitable metal; this metal fills the holes and the
enlargement at the bottom of the same, and therefor when it has cooled
and set will be securely held in place therein; the said screws are
then withdrawn by unscrewing them, and they leave a thread in the
metal, which thus forms nuts for their reception in securing the parts of
the coffin together.
The elbows or central joints of the sides are secured by means of stay
slabs bevelled to fit their inner surfaces. Cement of any suitable kind
is applied to these slabs, and they are then secured by screws passed
through the sides into metal nuts formed in the said slabs, as above
described.
The top or cover has a moulding or beading around its edges in which
we form a rebate or recess; and a layer of vulcanized india-rubber or
other suitable material is glued or cemented within the said moulding,
so that when the cover is properly placed on the coffin and secured by
the aforesaid screws the joint will be perfectly air and waterproof.
When the coffin is made, as above described, it is subjected to the
ordinary process of enamelling slate, whereby it receives a very superior
finish. It may then be furnished with plates and other decorations of
any required design. If required the said coffin may have an aperture
at the bottom through which the air may be withdrawn, and the same
may then be hermetically sealed so that the corpse will be preserved for
a very long time.
AN IMPROVED WASHING MACHINE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Atkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
September 1872.
I, JOSEPH ATKINSON, of Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
WASHING MACHINE," to be as follows :—
The object of my Invention is to provide a cheap and efficient
washing machine to be worked by hand with comparitively little labor.
The machine consists of a trough or vessel and a "dolly" or plunger
having a squeezing and rubbing action on the articles placed in the
trough to be washed. The dolly is attached to a horizontal hand lever,
having a movable fulcrum to admit of the to-and-fro motion of the
dolly along the trough to rub the linen, as well as the up and down or
pressing action. For this purpose the hand lever may be jointed to the
upper end of a bar or frame whose lower end is pivoted near the lower
part of the trough, or the fulcrum of the lever may be suspended from

page_text: a point above the trough, or mounted on rockers, or fitted to work in
horizontal guides on the edges of the trough.
The head of the dolly which acts on the linen is of convex form, and
consists of a series of rods or ribs attached to side pieces forming an open
frame fixed to the under side of the hand lever.
AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO DISTILLING, BREWING, AND OTHER CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Bell and Joseph Walker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 16th February 1872.
We, ANDREW BELL, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Engineer, and JOSEPH WALKER, of Heckmondwike, in the same
County, Engineer, Millwright, and Ironfounder, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO DISTILLING,
BREWING, AND OTHER CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore the spiral or helical pipes employed for the passage of
the heating or cooling liquids or fluids used in the various processes
of distilling, brewing, and chemical processes or other purposes,
have been made of either copper or wrought iron, both of which
materials are soon destroyed by the chemical action of the liquids or
the acids contained therein. Now our improvements consist in con-
structing such spiral or helical pipes of cast iron, which we find will
to a great extent resist the action of the acids, and therefore is more
durable besides being much less costly in manufacture than copper or
wrought iron. These pipes we cast in a series of segments or sections,
and connect them together by any ordinary or suitable means.
AN IMPROVED FABRIC APPLICABLE FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LADIES' MANTLES, TIPPETS, CARRIAGE AND OTHER CLOAKS, RUGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Davidson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1872.
I, THOMAS DAVIDSON, of Hawick, in the County of Roxburgh, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED FABRIC APPLICABLE FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LADIES'
MANTLES, TIPPETS, CARRIAGE AND OTHER CLOAKS, RUGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to
be as follows:―
The improved fabric is obtained by applying unspun cotton, wool, or
other fibre on to a surface of woven or other fabric as a body, when an
effect is obtained to such fabric very much resembling that of sheep-
skin with the wool dressed thereon, or other skin, according to the fibre
employed.
The cleansed but unspun fibre is laid in rows on the surface of the
body and sewn thereto at the one end thereof by hand or machine
sewing so as to leave the unsewn ends loose. Another row of the fibre
is then laid so that the loose ends thereof may overlay the sewn ends of

page_text: the previous row, and so on until the desired extent of surface is
obtained. Fabric thus obtained may be washed white, dyed or dressed
in a variety of colors, when it is applicable in imitation of real skins to
the manufacture of ladies' mantles, tippets, carriage and other cloaks,
rugs, and other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUTTING OR CHOPPING BOARDS OR BLOCKS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Hayne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
October 1872.
I, BENJAMIN HAYNE, of Long Lane, West Smithfield, in the City
of London, Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUTTING OR CHOPPING
BOARDS OR BLOCKS," to be as follows:-
-
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
cutting or chopping boards or blocks. Heretofore cutting and chopping
boards or blocks have been made either of boards with the grain of the
wood parallel to the cutting or chopping surface of the board or block,
or they have been made with the grain at right angles to such surface,
but in the latter case they have been made of one piece of the trunk of
a tree cut crosswise thereof. In the former case the cutting surface is
easily injured and made irregular by portions of the surface being
removed by the cutting instrument, whilst it is difficult to cut in the
desired direction on such board or block as the cutter is liable to follow
in the direction of the grain of the wood. In the latter case it is difficult

page_text: to obtain a continuous even cutting surface, as when only one piece of a
tree is employed to form the cutting block or board "shakes" frequently
occur therein, and the blocks become split open, whilst great difficulty is
experienced in obtaining wood of the size required.
Now my Invention consists in forming cutting or chopping boards or
blocks of a number of comparatively small pieces or blocks of wood
carefully fitted, and in some cases dowelled or otherwise connected
together, and glued or cemented the one to the other with the grain of
the wood standing at right angles to the cutting or chopping surface.
Around the edges of a board or block formed in this manner I screw or
otherwise fix a frame formed of wood having the grain running at right
angles to that of the cutting board or block, the surface of the board or
block standing a suitable distance above that of the frame, or this frame
may be made of hoop or other iron or steel, or other metal to suit the
shape of the board or block and may be shrunk on or otherwise fastened
thereto. By this mode of constructing cutting or chopping boards or
blocks I am enabled to select the most desirable portions of wood for
the purpose, whilst the cutting surface is more even and less liable to
influence the course of a cutter than when using blocks or boards of the
old construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR TRACTION AND OTHER SIMILAR ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Casimir Schemioth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1872.
I, CASIMIR SCHEMIOTH, of Odessa, in the Empire of Russia, but
now residing at No. 14, Finsbury Place South, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR TRACTION AND OTHER SIMILAR
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
1
The object of the Invention is to obtain greater holding power to the
outer surface or tyre of such wheels with increased durability in their
use.
In carrying out one part of the improvements the tyre is formed
of a T shape, or with a projecting flange or flanges, or a groove or
grooves on the opposite sides of it, and the outer part of the wheel itself
is formed with recesses, or grooves, or flanges adapted to receive such
projecting parts on the tyre and admit of such tyre having a movement
inwards. The action of a wheel thus provided will be as follows:- - When
the weight comes upon the tyre that part of it next the bearing surface

page_text: will be flattened thereby compressing the elastic material; which will
recover its proper shape on being relieved from pressure.
The tyre is also according to another part of my improvements
formed of segments of alternate hard and elastic substances. The
elastic segments being composed of india-rubber or compounds thereof,
or other suitable elastic material, or of combinations of metallic springs.
For the segments of harder material wood, or metal, or combinations
of wood and metal may be employed. These several segments may be
arranged radially or inclined to radial lines, the object being to present
their respective edges to the bearing surface, and they may be held
together by dovetail or such like joints between them or by links or
chains.
Also my improvements relate to forming the tyre or parts thereof of
alternate plates or sections of metal and wood or other comparatively
soft material, with their respective edges or ends to the bearing surface,
by which in use the wood or such like material will always be somewhat
more worn than the metal, and a corrugated surface will be insured.
This alternation or succession may be formed if desired in the direction
of the width or thickness of the bearing surface of the wheel.
The object of this part of the Invention is to obtain a rough serrated
or corrugated surface for the bearing surface of the tyres of such wheels
by the combined use of iron or steel with wood or other comparatively
soft and also if desired elastic material arranged alternately or in such
order as may be desired. These combined plates may be held in
position by screw or other bolts, rivets, clamps, or by dovetail or other 2
form given to them respectively, or by other suitable means.