CLASS OF ADDING MACHINE TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application,
4004
1804
Complete Specification Left, 28th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 27th Mar., 1895
Date of Application, with maro
Complete Specification Left, 28th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 27th Mar., 1895
residing at Bank of Commerce Building, Olive Street, St.
Missouri, Clergyman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
-
CLASS OF ADDING MACHINE TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES.
My invention relates more especially to that class of adding machines which are
suitably controlled by keys, and more particularly appertains to an adding machine
in which a carriage, or traveling member, moves automatically from order to order
as the numbered keys are operated. Many features of the present invention are
applied to adding, subtracting and recording machines generally.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION.
One object of my invention is to construct a commercial adding machine, which
shall have the least possible number of keys, so as not to confuse the mind, and to
lessen the liability of making mistakes in using such machine. In the key-operated
adding machines now on the market (that is now in commercial use and with which
I am familiar), a great multiplicity of keys are required, a set of digit keys for
each numerical order being employed. Where there are many numerical orders
the number of keys necessarily becomes very great, ranging from eighty-one to
ninety keys to meet ordinary commercial requirements.
Another object of my invention is to make the key-resistance as light as possible,
and to construct an adding machine in which the key-resistance will be uniform and
the depression of the keys the same for one key as for another.
Another object of my invention is to simplify and improve the mechanical
construction of adding machines, and to make them more durable, requiring less
adjustment and repairing than machines of this character generally demand, also
to render such machines less liable to get out of order and make mistakes, and
enabling them to stand hard commercial usage successfully, and at the same time
to be rapid in action.
Still another object of my invention is to print the numbers added or subtracted,
and the sum or difference thereof; also to print the same in such a manner as to be
readily visible to the operator, the numbers being printed upon a bulletin sheet
preferably standing in front of the machine, and directly opposite the operator, and
recorded on that side of the bulletin sheet facing the operator.
A further object of my invention is to construct a machine which will both add
and subtract, and in which corrections can be made in the work performed by the
machine by subtracting the amount accidentally added, and then adding the correct
amount afterwards.
Another object of my invention is to construct an adding machine in which
over-rotation of the registering or adding mechanism is prevented and mistakes
guarded against, and for this purpose I construct a carrying mechanism, which is
brought into operation after the number has been added, and by a deliberate

page_text: movement, so as to move the registering or adding mechanism but one tooth ur
carrying.
Still another object of my invention is to construct a carrying mechanism which
will operate both for adding and subtracting.
A further object of my invention is to provide means whereby the machine may
be adjusted to commence at the beginning, left hand or highest order of numbers
in adding or subtracting, instead of beginning at the units or right hand end of
numbers.
Another object of my invention is to construct an adding machine in which the
work is performed by a motor, and in which the keys liberate and control
mechanism for governing the motor, but do not by preference themselves, perform
the work of operating the registering and carrying mechanism, whereby, among
other things, the object of making the key resistance uniform, as stated above, is
secured.
Another object of my invention is to store power for the motor by a handle
manually operated, which handle may also bring the carriage or travelling member,
to its starting point when operated, and may also feed the paper for recording or
printing the next number, effect the carrying and feed the ink ribbon.
A further object of my invention is to provide a means for bringing the
mechanism for printing and recording the numbers registered to zero, and their
starting point, after each number has been added, and which means may be
controlled by the manually-operated handle referred to above.
A still further object of my invention is to provide a means for bringing the
adding-wheels to zero after the taking of any sum or difference, and when another
series of numbers are to be added, and which means may be operated also by the
handle aforesaid when said means is suitably brought into requisition by additional
devices also operated at will.
Another object of my invention is to provide means for positively locking each
of the printing and adding wheels when the same are not in active operation.
A further object of my invention is to positively gear the motor to the adding
and printing wheels in such a manner that a given movement of the motor will
produce a certain given movement of the printing and adding wheels, thereby
insuring positive predetermined movement of the parts, and recording the exact
number registered by the machine.
The invention has many other objects in view, too numerous to mention, which
will be apparent from the construction to be hereinafter set forth in detail, and
some of which latter-mentioned objects will be pointed out hereinafter.
GENERAL PLAN OF MACHINE.
I will first set forth generally my invention, and the general plan of my machine,
and will then describe in full the details thereof, in order to have the invention
more readily understood, and to advise one beforehand what the general
characteristics of my machine are. The machine has preferably only ten keys
corresponding to the digits, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. These keys, when depressed,
unlock a motor, and so govern an escapement mechanism, that the motor is
permitted to rotate and revolve the registering wheels exactly proportional to the
key depressed. On one side of the machine, say the right hand side, is a series of
type-wheels, which, for purposes of convenience, I will designate hereinafter as
the printing wheels, inasmuch as their only function is to print the numbers which
are registered by the machine, and caused to be so registered by the operation of
the keys. These wheels are loosely mounted or journalled upon, preferably, a
horizontal shaft, and correspond in number to the number of numerical orders the
machine has. Upon the other side, say the left hand side of the machine, is a
corresponding set of wheels, but which may be greater in number than the printing
wheels. They are similarly arranged, and are preferably, also loosely mounted or
journailed upon the same shaft. The latter-mentioned wheels work in conjunction

page_text: with the carrying mechanism, and are provided with type to print or indicate the
sun of or the difference between the numbers registered by the machine. The
chief function of these last mentioned wheels being to register the result, that is to
indicate the result principally of addition or of subtraction, I, for purposes of
convenience, will hereinafter refer to them as the registering or adding wheels.
Both the adding and printing wheels may be geared respectively to a corre-
sponding number of idle wheels loosely mounted or journalled upon a parallel shaft.
Into the teeth of any corresponding two idle wheels of the same numerical order of
both the printing and adding wheels, may take respectively two gear wheels
These last-mentioned gear
capable of axial movement, rotated by the motor.
wheels are preferably connected together and carried by a shaft and moved
axially by a carriage, which, preferably after each key is operated, travels along
step by step from order to order, being in engagement with and turning preferably
first the units idle wheel of both the printing and adding wheels, and then
progressing step-by-step to the other numerical orders of both the printing and
adding wheels, and turning said wheels to an extent proportionate to the key
depressed each time. As the carriage proceeds from order to order and the keys
are depressed, the printing and adding wheels are unlocked in the order in which
the axially-moving gear wheels are, and are automatically locked as the carriage
leaves any numerical order and proceeds to the next. As the adding wheels in the
different orders are rotated, said adding wheels preferably suitably position the
carrying mechanism so as to carry when required. Each number registered and
added by the machine is recorded by the printing wheels upon a strip of paper
which is, by preference, arranged in front of the printing wheels bearing the type,
so as to be before and readily visible to the operator and so form a bulletin sheet,
the printing platen and impression-taking devices being in turn arranged in front of
the paper, but not in such a manner as to obscure or cover the number printed each
time. After each number is printed, the paper is preferably fed for the next
number, and the carriage moved to its starting point. After the sum or
difference is registered by the machine, the numbers upon the adding wheels may
be printed below the column of figures either by observing the numbers upon such
wheels, and striking keys to correspond with the digits of said numbers, or the
paper and impression-taking devices may be shifted to the other side of the
machine and the numbers registered by the adding wheels printed direct from said
adding wheels by striking the zero key, or in any other suitable manner.
After any given number is registered, and it is desired to add or subtract
another number, the printing wheels are brought to zero by suitable connections.
Mechanism must also be provided, of course, to bring the adding wheels to zero,
after any addition or subtraction is made, and it is desired to commence anew upon
another mathematical calculation.
Any means or kind of a motor may be used to rotate the printing and adding
wheels, such, for the latter instance, as a motor operated by any motive power
supplied thereto. Such a motor may be a mechanical motor wound by hand at
suitable intervals when run down, or a motor may be used which will have power
stored in it each time a number is added or subtracted, by suitably operating some
part or member for this purpose. The latter form of motor I prefer, because it
renders the machine self-contained. Such a latter-mentioned motor may have
power stored in it by the same handle or device which the operator operates each
time to feed the paper. This same handle may also control the devices to bring
the printing wheels to zero each time, and these constructions I have preferably
adopted in the present machine. This same handle may also bring the carriage
to its starting point, and this is another construction which I preferably adopted in
the present machine. The carriage in being moved to its starting point by the
handle, may have power stored in a second motor which may be governed by a
step-by-step escapement controlled by the keys to impel the carriage. This motor
for purposes of convenience, and to avoid confusion with the main motor referred
to above, will denominate the carriage motor, and the escapement controlled

page_text: thereby I will hereafter refer to as the carriage escapement. Instead of employing
a carriage motor and carriage-escapement mechanism, a mechanism by which the
keys themselves propel the carriage, or store power for its propulsion upon
the up-rise of the keys, may be used. The mechanism for storing power in the
motors from the handle, is so designed as to store into the motors only the amount
of power which has been expended by the motors, it being just the amount
of power required by the motors to complete their full complement of stored
energy.
I prefer also to have the pulling of the handle effect the carrying, as this
throws less work upon the motor and requires a smaller motor of less power to be
used. The motor merely rotates the printing and adding wheels of each numerical
order corresponding to the keys struck, and the said adding wheels position the
carrying mechanism, so that it carries and turns the adding wheels, when the handle
is operated, through one tooth when it is necessary to carry from any given order
to the next higher. The operation of automatically unlocking the desired adding
wheel or wheels also takes place when the handle is pulled and carrying is to be
effected. The main reason for adopting this construction wherein the handle
actuates the carrying mechanism, is that where the motor itself operates the
carrying mechanism, or where the carrying and all operations are performed when
the keys are depressed, there is liability of the wheels over-rotating or failing to
properly perform their functions by reason, among other things, of lacking time in
which to do the required work. By my construction the carrying is done by
a deliberate movement of the handle, and over-rotation is guarded against. In no
instance in my machine, at the striking of any key, is a greater number than nine
ever added, and that only in the order in which the machine is working, and when
proper appliances are adopted over-rotation or liability of the machine to err is
taken away. So also, positive gearing and connection being used between the
motor, its escapement and the printing and adding wheels, the machine may be said
to be infallible in its work. The handle may also perform certain incidental
functions which it is not necessary now to mention.
By merely reversing the direction of rotation of the shaft carrying the axially-
moving gear wheels, the machine may be made to add or subtract at pleasure, the
motor running always in the same direction. To effect this purpose a clutch is
preferably provided, which may be operated by a suitable knob terminating upon
the outside of the machine conveniently for the operator.
The depressing of one or more of the ten keys of the machine and the pulling
of the handle by the operator is all that is needed to be done to perform
addition or subtraction, and this may be done with nearly the same facility and
expedition that an ordinary commercial type-writer can have its key struck, the
paper fed and the carriage brought to its starting point after the end of a line
is reached.
In setting forth my invention and my machine embodying one form thereof, [
do not wish to imply that all of said features must be used in a machine in order
to embody my invention. In setting forth specifically the machine illustrated in
my drawings, wish to have it distinctly understood that I do not confine myself
to the details of construction set forth, except in so far as they shall be claimed
in the Complete Specification of this invention hereafter to be filed, as I am aware
that various constructions may be devised to carry out the principles of my
invention, and that some of the mechanisms herein set forth inay be simplified and
still embody my invention.
By the terms "registering machine," "registering wheels" and "registering
mechanism" used herein, I include and mean any machine, wheels or mechanism
which calculate or count numbers. In making use of the term carriage herein, [
include any device or mechanism which moves from order to order, whether the
same reciprocates or not to perform said function, and in mentioning adding or
registering wheels, I include any equivalent therefor which will answer the purpose
of indicating calculations, and do not necessarily confine myself to wheels for this

page_text: necessary amit my invention
appliance bearing printing characters whether it be a wheel or other device. An
by the term handle, used herein, I include a treadle, key or devices which perform
the functions of said handle.
WHAT THE INVENTION CONSISTS IX.
The invention consists in a novel form of variable escapement for the motor
which preferably, operates the printing and adding mechanism, and in a novel
means for controlling said escapement by the finger keys. Also in a novel means
of gearing the motor to the printing and adding mechanism, as well as a novel.
means for storing power in the motor proportional to the amount of work done, or
the power required by the motor.
The invention also consists in a novel form of mechanism or escapement for
governing the travelling carriage, with suitable means for controlling the same, by
the finger keys which govern the operation of the motor upon the printing or
adding mechanism.
The invention further consists in means for reversing the direction of the
motor so as to change the machine into an adding or subtracting machine
at will.
The invention further consists in a means for recording in the manner
heretofore indicated, the numbers added or subtracted, and also means for
recording the result.
The invention further consists in a means for operating such printing mechanism
by means of the escapement controlling the adding mechanism.
The invention further consists in means for reversing the direction of the
carriage to begin at either end of a number.
The invention also consists in a novel carrying mechanism, and in means
whereby said mechanism may be made to perform the function of carrying both
for addition and subtraction.
The invention further consists in means for feeding the paper upon which the
numbers are recorded, which means is operated by the manually-controlled
handle, by which power is stored in the motor for propelling the adding and
printing mechanism, or the carriage brought to its starting point.
The invention also consists in a novel means for normally locking the printing
and adding wheels, and in means for unlocking said wheels when the machine is
working in any given order and the keys are operated.
The invention also consists in means for bringing the carriage to a starting
point, preferably operated by the manually-controlled handle for winding the
motor which impels the printing and adding mechanism.
The invention further consists in means for bringing the printing wheels to their
normal position each time said handle is pulled, and also in means for bringing the
adding wheels to zero, the said latter means when properly positioned being also
operated by the said handle.
The invention also consists in novel means for controlling and reversing the
inking ribbon for printing.
The invention also consists in certain features and details of construction, and in
various combinations of the means, features and details referred to above, all of
which will be set forth in detail and then particularly pointed out in the claims at
the end hereof.
DESCRIPTION OF VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS.
The invention will be best understood by referring to the accompanying
drawings making part of this Specification, and in which:
Fig. 1, Sheet, is a front elevation of an adding, subtracting and recording
machine made in accordance with one form of my invention.

page_text: Figs. 2 and 3 are detailed isometric views respectively on an enlarged scare, of
the printing hammer, and a part of the carriage.
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, is a side elevation of the machine shown in Fig. 1, as seen by
looking from the left hand side of the machine.
Fig. 5 is an isometric view on an enlarged scale, of a detail showing a part of
the printing hammer-controlling mechanism.
Fig. 6, Sheet 3, is a side elevation looking from the other, or right hand side of
the machine, with the side frames re-similar to those shown in Fig. 4 removed to
better show the construction.
Fig. 7 is an isometric view on an enlarged scale of the paper-feeding and part of
the paper-carriage mechanism.
Fig. 8 is an isometric view on an enlarged scale, of a detail illustrating one of
the printing ribbon-carrying rollers.
Fig. 9, Sheet 4, is a rear elevation of the foregoing machine.
Fig. 10 is an isometric view on a slightly enlarged scale, of part of the
escapement mechanisın, showing also the printing-hammer connection which is
operated thereby.
Fig. 11 is a rear view of details, illustrating the traveling carriage, the axially-
moving wheels carried thereby, the propelling shaft for said wheels, and a clutch
for reversing the direction of rotation of said shaft.
Fig. 12, Sheet 5, is a plan or top view of said machine with the carrying
mechanism removed.
Fig. 13, Sheet 6, is a vertical longitudinal cross-sectiona! view taken on the
plan of line 13, 13 of Fig. 1, a little to the right of the center of the machine,
looking from the right hand side of the machine, as shown by the arrows to the
line 13, 13 of Fig. 1.
Figs. 14 and 15 are detail views on an enlarged scale, showing the printing
hammer connection, which is operated by the escapement racks shown in Fig. 10,
and illustrating two different positions of the parts.
Fig. 16 is a detail view on an enlarged scale, illustrating one of the idle gear-
wheels, intermediate the printing and adding wheels and the motor-driven or
axially-moving wheels, and showing a device for aligning said wheels and main-
taining them in proper co-incident radial positions.
Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 are detail views illustrating the carriage
escapement enlarged.
Figs. 23 and 24, Sheet 7, are side elevations of the machine, looking from the
left hand side thereof, and representing the same with the main side frames
nearest the observer removed, said views representing two different positions of
some of the parts, and Fig. 23 delineating the apparatus with the oscillating
side frame nearest the observer, removed to more clearly show the parts.
Fig. 25, Sheet 8, is a sectional plan or top view taken considerably below the
center of the machine, beneath the adding and printing mechanism and paper roll,
to clearly illustrate the carriage mechanism, the winding mechanism for the motor
and the key bars.
Fig. 26 is an isometric view illustrating in detail on an enlarged scale, a part of
the carriage mechanism.
Fig. 27, Sheet 9, is a vertical, longitudinal cross-sectional view taken on the
plane of the line 27, 27 of Fig. 1, at the right hand side of the machine, just
beyond the printing wheels and gearing therefor, and looking from the left hand
side of the machine, as shown by the arrows to the line 27, 27 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 28 is an isometric view on an enlarged scale of a device shown in cross-
section in Fig. 16, for aligning the idle wheels intermediate the printing and
adding wheels and motor-driving or axially-moving wheels, to maintain said idle,
printing and adding wheels in proper co-incident radial positions, a cross-section of
said device and its connections being clearly delineated in Fig. 27.
Fig. 29 is an isometric view of a part of the devices for operating the printing
hammer, said devices and connecting parts being clearly illustrated by side view in

page_text: Fig. 27, and said Fig. 29, as well as all of the remaining figures of the drawings,.
being on an enlarged scale.
Fig. 30 is a sectional view of the printing-ribbon spool at the left hand side of
the machine.
Fig. 31, Sheet 10, is an isometric view of the motor and its gearing.
Fig. 32 is an isometric view (with the motor omitted) of part of the motor
gearing shown in Fig. 31, looking at the same from an opposite point of view from
Fig. 31, both of the latter views delineating the clutch for reversing the direction:
of rotation of the driven and driving shaft to add or subtract at pleasure.
Fig. 33 is an isometric view of a type-wheel and gear wheel attached thereto,.
which may be used for printing the numbers registered by the machine.
Fig. 34 is a similar view to the latter, but illustrating a type wheel which may
be used in the adding mechanism to print the sum of or difference between numbers,.
and make a dotted line above the same.
Fig. 35 is a view illustrating work which may be done on the machine, and
showing the dotted line last referred to.
Figs. 36 and 37, Sheet 11, are isometric views of the knob and co-operating
means for reversing the direction of rotation to add or subtract.
Fig. 38 is an isometric view showing the reversing mechanism for adding or
subtracting at will in its entirety, and also illustrating in part the devices for
bringing the adding wheels to zero after a sum or difference is ascertained.
Fig. 39 is an isometric view of devices for co-operating to bring the printing
wheels to zero each time the adding or subtracting of a number is completed and
the handle is pulled.
Fig. 40 is an isometric view of the sliding sleeve carrying the cams for unlocking
the type wheel pawls of both the printing and adding wheels as the keys are
operated, it forming a part of the traveling carriage.
Figs. 41 to 46 inclusive are detail views of devices for suitably rotating the idle
wheels shown in many of said figures, to bring the printing wheels to zero when
required.
Figs. 47 and 48 are isometric views illustrating principally part of the printing.
mechanism.
Fig. 49, Sheet 12, is an isometric view illustrating details of construction.
Figs. 50 to 60 inclusive are detail views of the carrying mechanism, Figs. 50, 54,
55, 59 and 60 being isometric views, Fig. 56 a plan of the carrying mechanism,
and the remaining figures side views, variously illustrating the parts, and showing
some of them in different positions.
I will now proceed to set forth specifically the details of the machine referred to,
by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same marks of reference
indicate the same parts throughout the several views.
FRAMING OF MACHINE.
Having now reference to Figs. 1, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25 and 27, 65 is the base
plate of the machine upon which is mounted two upright stationary frames 66
and 67. Upon the rearwardly extended base of said upright stationary frames 66
and 67 respectively, are, mounted frames 68 and 69 swung upon a shaft 70, parallel
with and near the base plate 65. These fixed uprights and oscillating side frames
support the mechanism of the machine, with few exceptions. The framing of the
machine may be varied to suit the constructor's fancy.
ADDING AND PRINTING WHEELS AND GEARING THEREFOR.
The adding or registering wheels are represented at the left-hand side of the
machine, and are designated by the numeral 71, (Figs. 1, 12, 23, 24 and 34) and
1

page_text: adding and printing wheels, and between said wheels and the side frames. All of
these wheels are loosely mounted or jourualled upon a shaft 73, (Figs. 4, 6, 12, 13,
23, 24, 27, 38, 49 and 53) which is fixed at its ends in the stationary frames 66
and 67. The adding or registering wheels are shown more particularly in Fig. 34,
Sheet 10, and the printing wheels in Fig. 33, same sheet. The adding wheels
consist preferably of steel disks, the peripheries of which are provided with type
bearing digits, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, which are, by preference, in the
present machine, repeated in two series thereon in regular succession. The digits
may be, however, suitably engraved upon the periphery of the steel disks.
Between the digits upon the adding wheels may be a projecting lip or ridge 74,
the outer surface of which is flush with the impression surface of the digits upon
said wheels, so that when an impression is taken from a series of such wheels
placed side by side, a dotted line will be drawn as illustrated in Fig. 35 above
the digits in the number registered by the adding wheels. The printing wheels
are substantially similar to the adding wheels, except that they are not provided
with any lip or projection 74. To both the adding and printing wheels, on the
flat face thereof, is preferably secured a spur-wheel 75, which is really a part of
said wheels.
Upon a shaft 77, (Figs. 4, 6, 12, 13, 24, 27, 38, 49 and 53) in the rear of and
parallel with the shaft 73 heretofore described, is arranged a series of idle
wheels 78, one for each of the adding and printing wheels, (shown in detail in
Figs. 41 to 46 inclusive, Sheet 11). These idle wheels are also loosely mounted or
journaled upon the said shaft 77, which is, in turn, journalled at its ends in the
upright stationary frames 66 and 67. Each gear wheel 75, secured to the printing
and adding wheels is locked in position by a pawl 79, (Figs. 1, 6, 13, 23, 24, 49
and 53) all of which pawls for both the adding and printing wheels, 71 and 72
respectively, are mounted upon a fixed shaft 80, (Figs. 4, 6, 13, 23, 24, 27 and 49)
the ends of which are sustained by the uprights 66 and 67. These pawls are
unlocked at the proper time by devices and in a manner to be hereinafter set forth.
They hold the type-wheels, 71 and 72 and idle wheels 78 in corresponding
co-incident radial positions. The series of idle-wheels of both the printing and
adding wheels have, therefore, so to speak, a set of channels traversing them
at right-angles to their plane, the said channels being formed by the spaces
between the teeth. As the idle-wheels are held by the type-wheels and pawls
in proper position, it will be seen that the so-called channels or passage-ways
through the idle-wheels, will be unobstructed.
MOTOR AND GEARING WITH REVERSING MEANS.
Parallel with the type-wheels and idle-wheel shafts 73 and 77, is a shaft 81
journalled at each end near the top of the oscillating frames 68 and 69. This shaft
carries a sleeve 82 which is keyed thereto in such a manner as to allow the sleeve
to move longitudinally or axially thereon, but not to permit the sleeve to rotate
independently of said shaft (see Figs. 11 and 13). This sleeve has rigidly mounted
upon it at each end, gear-wheels 83 and 84 respectively. The wheel 83 is adapted
to mesh into the idle-wheels of the adding or registering wheels, and the wheel 84
to mesh into the idle-wheels of the printing-wheels, each of said wheels meshing
into the corresponding idle-wheels of any given numerical order of the adding
and printing wheels. The rotating wheels 83 and 84, being carried by the sliding
sleeve 82, move axially, that is, in the direction of their axes, as well as rotate.
To fully identify the wheels 83 and 84 herein, I have therefore referred to them
as axially-moving wheels. The shaft 81 is driven by the motor heretofore
referred to, by a system of gear wheels shown in detail, and on an enlarged scale
in Figs. 31 and 32, Sheet 10. Upon the shaft 81 is loosely mounted or journalled
two spur-wheels 85 and 86, and between the same is a clutch 87 which may be
moved longitudinally on said shaft and placed in engagement with a crown-wheel
extending from the opposite flat faces of each of the spur-wheels 85 and 86, and

page_text: forming a part of the clutch mechanism. The clutch proper, while capable of
longitudinal movement upon the shaft 81, is not capable of rotary motion
independently of said shaft, but rotates with the shaft, whereas the wheels 85
and 86 rotate with the shaft or not, depending upon whether the clutch is placed
in engagement with the one or the other.
I will first describe how the spur-wheel 86 is driven by the motor in one
direction, and will then set forth how the spur-wheel 85 is rotated in the opposite
direction by the motor. The clutch 87, is shown as in engagement with the crown-
wheel (Figs. 12, 31, 32 and 38) on the spur-wheel 86. The spur-wheel 85 will
then be free to rotate independently of the shaft 81, and spur-wheel 86 will rotate
with the shaft 81, being affixed thereto by the clutch. The spur-wheel 86 meshes
into a spur-wheel 88 fast upon a sleeve 89 carried by a stud 90 extending from the
oscillating side frame 68. The sleeve 89 which is loosely mounted or journalled
on the stud 90 carries also a spur-wheel 91 fast to said sleeve. Upon this sleeve 89
is also fixed a spur-pinion 92, which meshes into a large wheel 93 arranged upon a
collar 94 loosely mounted upon a stud 95. The collar 94 has fast upon it a spur-
pinion wheel 96 which meshes into a large spur-wheel 97 below the spur-wheel 93
before referred to. The spur-wheel 97 is loosely journalled upon a shaft 98, one
end of which is fixedly mounted in the oscillating side frame 68, and the other end
likewise carried in the oscillating side frame 69. Upon the shaft 98 is freely or
loosely mounted a drum 99 containing within its interior a coiled motor spring 100
(Fig. 13) similar to the main spring of a clock or watch, the inner end of which
coiled motor spring 100 is attached to the shaft 98, and the outer end thereof to
the drum 99. To the head or end of this drum adjacent to the spur-wheel 97 is
attached a ratchet-wheel 101, which is, together with the drum, suitably impelled
by the coiled motor spring 100. Fast to the spur-wheel 97 is a pawl 102 (Fig. 13)
which is adapted to take into the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 101, it being kept up
to its work by a spring 103 (Figs. 6 and 13). This pawl and ratchet connection is
provided to enable the motor to be wound without rotating the train of gearing
described. From the previous description it will be seen that the motor rotates
the sleeve 89 carrying the spur-wheel 88 and 91 always in the same direction, this
direction being indicated by arrows in the drawings of Figs. 31 and 32. The spur-
wheel 88 rotates the spur-wheel 86, clutch 87 and shaft 81 in the direction also
indicated by arrows.
The spur-wheel 91 carried by the same sleeve 89 to which the spur-wheel 88 is
affixed, does not mesh directly into the spur-wheel 85, but first meshes into a
spur-wheel 104 loosely mounted upon a stud 105 extending from the oscillating or
movable side frame 68, which also supports the shaft 81 and the stud 90, sustaining
the wheels 88 and 91 as before described. The wheel 104 meshes into the spur-
wheel 85. The effect of interposing this wheel 104 is to drive the wheel 85 in
the opposite direction to the wheel 86, the direction of rotation of the said
wheel being indicated by arrows in Figs. 31 and 32. It will be noted that
while the wheel 86 is coupled to the shaft 81 by the clutch and is being
driven by the motor, the wheel 85 is also being driven by the motor through
the instrumentality of the spur-wheels 91 and 104, but in an opposite direction
to the wheel 86 and the shaft 81 and independently thereof, because said
wheel 85 is now loosely journalled upon said shaft 81, it not being at present
coupled to said shaft. It will be evident that by throwing the clutch int
engagement with the wheel 85, that the shaft 81 will be rotated in the opposite
direction, and that the wheel 86 will be rotated as before, but will revolve
independently of the shaft 81, it now being uncoupled from said shaft. As the
shaft 81, which bears the axially-moving wheels 83 and 84 that drive the printing
and adding wheels, may be rotated in either direction, it will be evident that said
printing and adding wheels may be made to rotate in one or the other direction,.
and thus may be caused to add or subtract as the case may be.
It will be noticed that the gearing from the motor to the adding and printing
wheels is positive gearing throughout, and that if the motor revolves through a

page_text: given distance, the adding and printing wheels will be positively revolved through
a proportional distance. It will also be noticed that all the principal movements
of the machine are rotary, and effected by ordinary gear-wheels, which are
thoroughly reliable, and easily and cheaply constructed. The idle-wheels 78 may
really be said to be a part of the adding or registering and printing wheels in that
their only function is to transmit motion to said wheels. I include within my
invention and claims a machine in which the idle-wheels are dispensed with, and
the axially-moving motor-impelled wheels drive directly the adding and printing
wheels. The adding and printing wheels would then have their type disks
(Figs. 33 and 34, Sheet 10) dispensed with, and the printing characters placed
upon the ends of the teeth of the spur-wheels 75; or else the type disks would
have to be notched or cut, to provide channels through the adding and printing
wheels for the axially-moving wheels to travel through uninterruptedly. Many
features of my invention are independent of the motor and its gearing, and I do
not wish to limit my invention necessarily to a motor being used, except where a
motor is specified in the claims herein, as the registering and printing may be
otherwise actuated, say by the keys more or less directly. Neither do I wish to
limit my invention to a reversible motor when a motor is used therein, as when it
is required to have the machine add only, the reversing means would naturally be
dispensed with.
ESCAPEMENT FOR MOTOR AND KEY CONNECTIONS THEREFOR.
The spur-wheel 88 meshes into a spur-wheel 106 to the rear of the same, which
spur-wheel 106 is fast upon a shaft 107 extending across the back of the machine
and having bearings at each end in the oscillating or movable side frames 68 and 69,
the said shaft being carried by the same oscillating frame which supports the
shafts and studs shown in Figs. 31 and 32. Upon this shaft 107 at regular
intervals are, preferably, a series of wheels 108, by preference ten in number
corresponding to the digits or finger keys of the machine. From the construction
described, it will be noted that the motor drives the shaft 107 at the same time that
it drives the shaft 81, and that it drives said shaft 107 always in the same direction,
as indicated by the arrows in Figs. 31 and 32. The shaft 107 is the escapement
shaft, and the wheels 108 I will hereinafter refer to as the escapement wheels.
At the rear of the machine, and pivoted to a bar 109 supported at each end by
off-sets 110 extending rearwardly from each of the oscillating side frames, are a
series of bars or rods 111, corresponding in number to the keys, there being one
of said bars for each of the escapement wheels 108. The upright rods 111 may be
pivotally supported upon the bar 109 by a single rod 109" (Figs. 13 and 27) which
passes through a slot 109 (Fig. 47) in the edge of said plate 109, the open or
outer part of said slot being closed by a plate 109 (Figs. 6, 12, 13 and 27) to
hold the rod 109" and the upright rods 111 in place. One of these bars is shown
in detail by isometric view in Fig. 10, Sheet 4, see also Figs. 4, 6, 9, 13, 23, 24
and 27. They are preferably made round, but can be of other shape, and each has
a hole 111 (Fig. 10) bored therethrough to receive the rod 109 before referred to.
Upon each of said bars near the upper end thereof, is a rack 112, the rear edge
of which takes in a groove 113 channeled in said bar from about the middle
thereof to the upper end. The racks 112 are held to said bars by straps 114
and 115 at each end of the racks, and passing around the bars.
At the upper end
of each of the bars is a collar 116 fixed thereto, against which the racks may come
to determine the limit of excursion of the racks. The bars 111 are made of
different lengths (see Figs. 6, 9, and 13). The rack of the bar corresponding to
the nine key being capable of nine times the extent of movement of the rack
carried by the bar corresponding to the one key, and the rack carried by the bar
corresponding to the eight key having eight times the movement of the rack
carried by the bar corresponding to the one key, and so on.
These bars 111 may
be provided with other appliances which pertain to the printing mechanism, and
will not now be described.

page_text: The racks carried by the bars 11 are adapted to be thrown in and out of
engagement with their respective escapement wheels, 108, and are provided with
suitable teeth to mesh with the teeth of the wheels, 108. The bars at the lower
end may be provided with a slotted plate 117 suitably attached thereto. The slot
in the plates 117 are all similar and consist of an incline branch which runs into a
vertical part. 118 are the key bars, each carrying at their inner end, a pin 119
which normally takes into the incline part of the slot in said plates, (Figs. 4, 6, 13,
23, 24 and 27). The key bars are swung near their center upon a shaft 120
supported at each end near the lower part of the machine in forward extensions
from the stationary side frames 66 and 67. The keys at their outer ends are each
provided with vertical stems 121 having knobs 122, each bearing upon the upper
face thereof its respective digit or number, (Fig. 12). The keys and their knobs
may terminate in two rows if desired, or in any other way. The stems of the keys
ass through two plates 123 and 124 which are carried by upright brackets 125
from the base-plate, which plates serve to guide the stems of the keys (Figs. 4, 6
and 12).
Over the rear of all the keys passes a bar or rod 126 (see more particularly
Figs. 25, 27 and 49). This bar is attached to two arms 127, each fixed to a
shaft 128, which shaft is sustained by the fixed side frames of the machine, the
said bar or rod 126 and arms 127 forming a bail. This bail is provided with
springs 129 (Figs. 9 and 27) which normally hold the bar 126 down against the
key bars. The shaft 128 has also fixed to it at one end a crank 130 (Figs. 6, 27
and 49). The said crank has pivoted to it a rod 131, which in turn is articulated
to a locking-pawl 132 pivoted to the side frame 69 of the oscillating frame,
(Figs. 6 and 27). The nose of the locking-pawi 132 takes into a ratchet-
wheel 133 upon the escapement shaft 107, and arranged adjacent to the upright 69
of the oscillating frame.
When any key is depressed the pin 119 on the inner end of that key rises and
travels up the incline slot in the plate 117 carried by the bars 111 of the
escapement. The motion of any pin 119 up the incline of its slot, throws the
lower end of the corresponding rod 111 outward from and the upper part of said
bar inward towards the machine, bringing the rack 112 carried by said bar into
engagement with its corresponding escapement wheel 108. This takes place at the
very first movement of the keys. During the further depression of the keys, the
bar 126 which passes over all the keys, is raised and swings upward the arms 127
(Fig. 27) which rotates the shaft 128, operates the crank 130 so as to push upward
the rod 131 and lift the nose of the locking-pawl 132 from the locking-wheel 133.
The parts are so proportioned that the first motion of the keys does not unlock
the wheel 133, but such unlocking takes place directly after any one of the
racks 112 is thrown into engagement with its respective escapement-wheel 108.
It is to be borne in mind that the escapement shaft 107 constantly has a tendency
imparted to it by the motor to revolve, and that the locking-wheel 133, fast upon
said shaft, also has such tendency imparted to it, but is normally restrained from
rotation by the locking-pawl 132, this being the only part which normally prevents
the motor from rotating the wheels until the motor is run down. As soon as the
locking-pawl 132 is withdrawn from the locking wheel 133, the motor will rotate
the escapement-shaft and other shafts and gear wheels set forth above. When one
of the escapement-racks is thrown in engagement with its escapement-wheel, the
motor rotates the escapement and other shafts and wheels referred to through a
distance corresponding to the limit of excursion of said rack, and depending upon
the key depressed. When the limit of excursion of the rack is reached, the rack
comes solidly against the collar 116 (Fig. 27) and prevents further rotation of the
shafts and wheels referred to, holding said wheels and shalts as effectually from
rotation as the locking-pawl 132 does in the first instance. The springs 129 acting
upon the operated key-bar through the bar 126 bring the said key-bar to its
normal position, the pin 119 passing down the vertical part of the slot in the
plate 117, but does not throw the escapement-racks out of engagement with the

page_text: esrapement-wheel until after the pawl 132 has engaged the locking-wheel 133,
after which the pin 119 travels down the incline part of the slot in the plate 117
and throws the escapement-rack out of engagement with its escapement-wheel.
The return movement of the parts is indicated by arrows in Fig. 27.
The bar 126 may be covered with rubber, leather or any suitable material to
deaden the noise upon its return movement, when it comes down and strikes the
other key-bars. Each key-bar may be provided with an individual spring of slight
strength, arranged in a bar 135, (Figs. 4, 6, 12, 13, 25 and 27) to hold in their
normal position the key-bars, when any key-bar is depressed and the tension of the
springs 129, which are of considerable power, is removed from the keys by the
bar 126 being raised. It will be noted that the depression of all the keys is of
the same extent and resistance at all times, the nine key having no greater
depression and no greater resistance than the one key, for instance. Nor does the
resistance of the keys in my machine, increase when carrying from one or more
orders to the next higher order or orders is to be effected. In many adding
machines the keys themselves are made to do the work of actuating the adding
mechanism, and hence keys of a high numerical value must have more depression
or greater resistance than keys of lower denomination. The resistance of the
keys in adding machines often varies also when carrying is performed. This is
troublesome to operators in that a variable touch or amount of power must be
supplied to the keys, and the different keys depressed to different extents, all of
which prerequisites the operator cannot have in mind, and not appreciating the
same, will often not depress á key sufficiently, or will not apply enough force to the
keys, both of which will cause the machine not to be properly operated, and hence
the machine will not correctly register the required amount. In my machine, all
this is obviated, as the motor does the work and the keys merely control the motor
escapement. I do not wish to limit myself to a separate or independent escape-
ment for each key. I include within my invention, except where otherwise
specified, one or more sets of escapement members, or one or more escapement-
racks and one or more escapement-wheels suitably operated and controlled by the
keys, or a single escapement-wheel and one escapement-rack suitably checked in
proper position by stops operated by the keys.
The key resistance in my machine is very light, for although the motor may
have considerable power and an appreciable amount of force b required to unlock
it, the leverage for unlocking the motor is so proportioned as to require but little
force to depress the keys and unlock the motor. After any one of the escapement-
racks has been carried upward to the limit of its excursion by its escapement,
and its corresponding key returns to its normal position throwing the escapement
rack out of engagement with the escapement-wheel, the rack drops by gravity to
its original or starting position. The operation of throwing the racks in engagement
with the escapement-wheels, unlocking the motor, and the racks travelling to the
limit of their excursion, then dropping to their starting point ready for another
actuation of the key-bars, takes place so quickly that the keys may be operated
as rapidly as desired. Even though the keys should be operated too rapidly and
not sufficient time be given for the full number to register in the machine, the
number that is registered by the machine will be printed and thus the machine will
record and indicate the number that has been registered, so that the desired
correction in the result may be made.
THE CARRIAGE.
I will now describe the carriage by which the axially-moving wheels 83 and 84
and their sleeve 82 are moved step by step from numerical order to numerical order
as the keys are operated. The sleeve 82 has a circumferential groove 135" cut in
it, or between two collars thereon (Fios 9. 11 and 121 Into the groove 135° takes

page_text: passes down and is carried by two shafts or rods 137 and 138. This bar 136 has
an off-set 139 extending therefrom, which engages the groove of another sleeve to
be hereinafter described (Figs. 13 and 49). The rods 137 and 138 are carried by
side-bars 140 and 141, which extend downwardly and are carried by a sleeve 142
(Figs. 13, 25, 26 and 49), about which they are loosely journalled. The sleeve 142
is adapted to slide upon a shaft 143 journalled at each end in the upright stationary
side frames of the machine. The side-bars 140 and 141 may revolve slightly
about the sleeve 142, and the shaft 143 may rotate independently of said sleeve 142.
Between the side-bars 140 and 141 near their lower ends, is a brace 144 which
ties the bars 140 and 141 together. To the ends of the sleeve 142 are attached
horizontal side-bars 145 and 146 outside of the upright bars 140 and 141. (Figs. 4,
6, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 49). The outer and forward ends of the horizontal
side-bars 145 and 146 are connected together by a cross-bar 147. The upright
side-bars 140 and 141 and the horizontal side-bars 145 and 146 together with their
cross-tie rods and sleeve 142 constitute a carriage which may slide widthwise of the
machine, and which carries therewith the sleeve 82 bearing the axially-moving
wheels 83 and 84. The bars 145 and 146 at their outer ends are each provided
with a suitable anti-friction roller 148 in brackets depending therefrom, which
anti-friction rollers are adapted to run upon a track 149 supported at each end in
any suitable manner from the base-plate 65 of the machine.
CARRIAGE PROPELLING AND REVERSING MECHANISM.
Connecting one of the side-bars 145 with the other side-bar 146 are two racks 150
and 151, one above said side-bars and the other below the same, and both arranged
parallel and adjacent to the shaft 143. The said racks are not arranged in the
same plane, but have a slight space between them (Figs. 13, 25, 26 and 27).
Journalled in uprights extending from the base-plate of the machine is a shaft 152,
which runs parallel with the two side-bars 145 and 146, and is arranged about the
middle of the machine. The rear end of the shaft 152 carries a spur-wheel 153,
the upper part of which is adapted to engage the rack 150, and the lower part of
which is adapted to engage the rack 151, when properly placed in engagement
with said latter rack and moved out of engagement with rack 150 (Fig. 13). The
shaft 152 is preferably impelled by means of a coiled spring 154 arranged within a
drum 155 (Figs. 17 and 18). The shaft 152 always revolves in the same direction.
Upon the shaft 152 is arranged a ratchet-wheel 156 (Figs. 13, 20, 21 and 22)
which has a slight definite motion about the shaft 152, a spring 157 being provided
to take up the play which the wheel has about the shaft 152. Adjacent to the
wheel 156 is a second ratchet-wheel 158 rigidly keyed to the shaft 152 (Fig. 19).
Normally the shaft 152 is held from rotation by a pawl 159 carried at the elbow
of the angular lever 160 pivoted to a bracket extending from the base-plate of
the machine, and arranged at the lower end of the short arm of said angular lever
(Figs. 4, 6, 13, 23, 24, and 25). The rear end of the long arm of the angular
lever 160 is forked and embraces the bar 126, which bar passes over the rear end
of all the keys and is arranged and operates as previously described. Upon the
actuation of the keys the bar 126 will be raised, the angular lever 160 vibrated,
and the pawl 159, carried by the elbow of the angular lever 160, will be moved
thereby from the ratchet-wheel 156, with which it is normally in engagement, into
the teeth of the fixedly mounted ratchet wheel 158. The ratchet wheel 156, being
now freed from the pawl 159, will be slightly rotated by the spring 157, and the
play which said wheel has independently of the shatt 152 is taken up by said
spring, as the said wheel 156 is loosely mounted on the shaft 152 and is capable of
a certain amount of rotation independently of said shaft 152, and said wheel 156
is now from under the restraining influence of the pawl 159 and placed under the
influence of the spring 157. During the depression of a key the carriage does not
move. As soon, however, as the key is allowed to rise and the bar 126 to fall in
consequence thereof, the pawl 159 will be returned by the angular lever 160 to

page_text: the loosely spring-mounted ratchet-wheel 156. The carriage will now feed toward
the left, the spring of the drum 154 overcoming the spring 157, which is a light
one, and taking up the play the shaft 152 has independently of the said ratchet-
wheel 156. The spring-impelled shaft 152 compresses the spring 157 to its extreme
limit, and when this is reached the carriage is held from further movement until
another key is depressed and the same operation gone through with. The pawl 159
may be provided with a spring 161 if necessary in order to permit the carriage to
be moved to its starting point by allowing the pawl to give and ride over the
incline of the ratchet teeth when the carriage is moved in an opposite direction
from that in which it is impelled by the mechanisin described.
The spur-wheel 153 is not directly carried by the shaft 152, but is upon a
sleeve 162 carried thereby which is adapted to slide upon said shaft but rotates
with the shalt (Figs. 13 and 25). This sleeve has a circumferential groove in it
or between two collars thereon, and into the groove takes a piece 163 (Fig. 13)
carried by a rod 164, which extends to the front of the machine beneath the keys,
and terminates in a knob (Figs. 4, 6, 12, 13 and 25). The part 163 permits the
sleeve 162 and shaft 152 to rotate freely, but when the rod 164 is pushed in or
out, the sleeve, carrying said wheel 153, moves it into engagement with one or
the other of the racks 140 or 151. It will be noted that the upper part of the
wheel 153 revolves from left to right for instance, while the lower part rotates
from right to left or in opposite direction, so to speak. If, therefore, the wheel 153
be put in engagement with the upper rack 10, the carriage will be driven in one
direction as the keys are depressed and allowed to rise, but the carriage will be
moved in an opposite direction when the said wheel 153 is put in engagement
with the lower rack 151 and the keys operated. Thus it will be seen that by
operating the rod 164 in one or the other direction, the carriage may be made to
travel in either direction. If, therefore, it be necessary or desirable to begin at
the front or highest order of a number, it can be done, but the carriage in the
machine herein described will have to be moved by hand to the starting point
in beginning at the front of a number. Addition may be commenced in the units
column if desired, and when this is done, I provide mechanism whereby the
carriage will be suitably brought to the units column or starting point without
going through a special and additional operation for the mere purpose of positioning
the carriage. Many features of my invention are not limited to a carriage being
used, but are applicable to adding machines generally wherein a carriage need not
be used.
DEVICES UNLOCKING ADDING AND PRINTING WHEELS WHEN KEYS ARE
OPERATED.
I have previously explained that the spur-wheels attached to the printing and
adding wheels are suitably locked by pawis 79, and will now describe the means by
which the said wheels are unlocked in the numerical order in which the machine is
working for both the printing and adding wheels. Upon a shaft 165, journalled
at each end in a rearward extension from the upright stationary side-frames of the
machine, is arranged a sleeve 166, which is adapted to slide along said shaft, but is
heid from rotation independently of the said shaft, (Figs. 6, 13, 23, 24, 40 and 49),
preferably by a longitudinal groove in said shaft 165 (Figs. 40 and 49), and a key
or spline. The said sleeve 166 has a circumferential groove cut therein, or formed
thereon by collars at or near its center. From the part 136 of the carriage
beretofore described extends an off-set 139 heretofore referred to, which takes into
the groove in said sleeve 166 (Figs. 13 and 49) in such a manner as to carry the
sleeve 166 along with the carriage, but to permit the said sleeve to turn with the
shaft 165 independently of the said part 139 and carriage. The sleeve 166 has at
each end a cam 167 and 168 (Figs. 40 and 49) respectively, the former of which is
adapted to unlock the pawls of the adding wheels, and the latter of which is
adapted to unlock the pawls of the printing wheels, the pawls unlocked depending

page_text: upon in which order the carriage is, and the machine is working. Upon the
shaft 165 at the left-hand side of the machine, is a crank 169, to which is articulated
a rod 170 passing downwardly, and in turn articulated to one of the arms 127,.
which carry the bar 126, and are fixedly united to the shaft 128 (Fig. 49). When
any key is put down, the bar 126 and arms 127 will be raised, lifting the rod 170
and turning the crank 169 so as to slightly rotate the shaft 165 and sleeve 166,
thereby bringing the cams 167 and 168 in contact with the short arm of the
pawls 79 respectively of both the printing and adding wheels, and thereby
unlocking said wheels. This unlocking takes place during the first movement of
the key, and before the motor has been unlocked, as heretofore explained, the
said action taking place during the time the escapement racks are thrown into.
engagement with the escapement wheels by the operation of the keys.
The sleeve 166 travels along with the carriage from order to order in either
direction at will when the keys are operated, unlocking the pawls of the units, tens,.
hundred etc., as the case may be, of both the printing and adding wheels. The
short arm of each of the pawls 79 at the opposite side from the cams 167 and 168
(Figs. 13 and 53) is provided with an individual spring 171, which tends to keep.
them in their normal position and returns them to such position when actuated by
the said cams.
It will be seen from the construction described that the pawls of
any given order both of the adding and printing wheels will be held unlocked as
long as any key is kept depressed. As soon, however, as the key is allowed to rise,
the cams turn in the opposite direction and permit the springs 171 to return the
pawls unlocked to their normal position, locking the unlocked adding wheel and
putting the unlocked pawl of the printing wheel in the path of the pins en said
wheel to be hereinafter described. This locking of the unlocked adding wheel
occurs after the digit has been registered by the machine, and hence locks such.
number into the registering mechanism. After the cams have rotated away from
the short cam of the locking pawl 79 upon the first part of the rise of the keys,.
the carriage moves to the next order and the cams are in position to unlock the
pawls of the next order when a key is depressed.
The individual springs 171 for the locking pawls 79 are carried by a plate 172.
(Figs. 13 and 53) suitably slotted, for the short arms of the pawls to enter the
plate and prevent the pawls from being twisted or thrown out of their normal
plane. The springs 171 are held in place between the pawls and bored out places
in said plate, which receive the other ends of said springs (Fig. 53). The plate 172
is sustained by triangular pieces 173 at each end, which pieces are supported by
the shaft 80 and a shaft 174 supported by the fixed side-frames of the machine.
My invention is not limited to these type-wheel locking devices being used, as it
is evident they may be dispensed with if not wanted or may have frictional or
non-positive locking devices substituted therefor, which may not require special.
means for unlocking them.
ARRANGEMENTS of Paper, Paper Carriage and Paper Feeding
MECHANISM.
Upon a shaft 175, preferably in front of the knobs of the finger-keys and
between the same and the type-wheels, is arranged a roll of paper 176 of a width
equal to the total width of the series of adding wheels. The shaft 175 extends
nearly all the way across the front of the machine and is suitably supported at
each end by brackets 177 extending from the base-plate 65 of the machine. The
roll of paper stands normally at the right-hand side of the machine (Fig. 12), and
the paper passes from the same under a rod 178 supported in the fixed side-frames
of the machine. The paper then passes over the printing wheels to a paper-feeding
apparatus at the top of the machine (Figs. 6 and 13). The paper roll is held
between two curved arms 179 which pass upward from the shaft 175 to the paper-
feeding mechanism (Figs. 4, 6 and 9). The paper roll may be slid axially on the

page_text: hereinafter described. The spool 201 is loosely mounted upon the shaft 203,
but the spool 202 and the ratchet-wheel 204 are 'fixedly mounted upon said shaft
(Fig. 30).
When the lever 205 is actuated back and forth it will drive the ratchet-
wheel 204 in one direction and the spool 201 with ratchet teeth cut thereon in
the opposite direction. When the pawl 207 is in engagement with the ratchet
teeth upon the spool 201 (Fig. 13) and the lever 205 is operated, the ribbon
will be drawn from the spool 2 12 upon the spool 201, which is now directly
operated by the pawl 207. After the ribbon has accumulated upon the spool 201,
and has been entirely withdrawn from the spool 202, the finger piece 208 is
operated so as to throw the pawl 206 in engagement with the ratchet-wheel 20+
(Fig. 23) which will be rotated in the opposite direction. and will revolve
shaft 203 and thereby turn spool 202 in the direction referred to, so as to
draw the ribbon from the spool 201 to the spool 202. The mechanism describel,
as will no doubt be obvious, is for feeding the ribbon in order to offer a fresh
part to the type for printing, and for reversing the direction of travel of the ribbon
so as to cause the same to pass back and forth from one spool to the other auto-
matically until worn out, thereby avoiding the necessity of turning the ribbon back
by hand in order to use it over again. It is not necessary that an inking ribbon
be used, as some other expedient can be employed to furnish ink for printing, but
I prefer to use the arrangement and means set forth. If desired, the arrangement
of the paper and inking ribbon may be changed to print in the usual way, without
departing from my invention.
It is to be noted that the type is back of the paper and the ribbon in front of the
paper, and that the characters printed are recorded on that side of the paper next
to the ribbon. It is of considerable advantage to have the digits registered by the
machine displayed in full view as soon as recorded, and for this purpose, I preferably
cause the ribbon to recede after printing so as to display the digit printed. To
accomplish this the spools 198 carried by the bell-crank levers 199, are loosely
swung upon the shaft 73 and actuated by links 210 and 211 articulated respectively
to each bell-crank lever 199 (Figs. 6, 23, 24, 27 and 49). The link 211 is
articulated to a crank 212 fast upon the shaft 165, and the link 210 is articulated
to the crank 169 previously referred to, which communicates motion to the shaft 165
by means of the rod 170 when the keys are actuated, as previously described.
When any key is put down the ink or printing ribbon is raised to permit an
impression to be taken of the digit registered. When the number has been printed
and the key is allowed to rise, the ribbon is lowered so as to display the digit
printed.
IMPRESSION-TAKING AND PRINTING DEVICES.
213 is the printing-hammer or platen which takes a printing impression from a
type-wheel each time a key is struck. This hammer is preferably fed along
automatically from order to order by the carriage heretofore described, and prints
the number registered by the machine upon the uprise of the keys, and, by
preference, just after the number has been duly registered by the machine. The
said hammer consists of a small block of any suitable material, but preferably of
metal, having a slightly curved piece 214 thereon to form the face thereot, said
piece being of any suitable material (Figs. 2 and 3). The hammer is carried by a
thin piece of spring metal 215, which is set into a projecting part of a collar 216
carried by a sleeve 217, which is adapted to slide longitudinally upon a shaft 218,
but is held from rotation with reference to said shait. The shaft 218 is supported
by off-sets extending forwardly from the upright stationary side-frames 66 and 67
of the machine. The sleeve 217 has a circumferential groove 219 thereon formed
by collars carried by said sleeve, or cut therein. Travelling upon the shaft 203
previously described is a sleeve 220 which is independent of the said shaft, both as
to longitudinal and rotary motion. From said sleeve extends upwardly arms 221
A

page_text: .
and 222 which are joined together by a rod 223. The shape of these uprights is
shown in Figs. 3, 4, 6 and 13. The upright 221 is extended downwardly to form a
part 224 which is attached to a rod (Figs. 1, 4, 6, 13, 23, 24) 225, that returns upon
itself, and is connected to an upward extension from the horizontal side-bars 145
and 146 of the carriage. The object of having the rod 225 return upon itself is to
prevent the movement of the carriage from interfering with the paper, which in
view of this arrangement passes clear of the travelling carriage from the paper roll
to the paper-feeding rollers at the top of the machine. The curved part of the
uprights 221 and 222 are adapted to take into groove 219 of the sleeve 217 that
carries the printing hammer. The sleeve 220, rod 223 and uprights 221 and 222
being connected to the carriage of the machine by the part 224, constitute a part of
the carriage and feed the hammer from numerical order to numerical order as the
keys are operated. 226 is a rod which is fastened to the carriage and projects
horizontally to the left-hand side of the machine, its end being provided with a
suitable knob 226". The object of this rod 226 is to position the carriage by hand
when desired, and may be used to set the carriage when it is desired to begin at the
front or left-hand end of a number.
Upon the shaft 218 is a cutaway disk 230 at the right-hand side of the machine
and fixed to the said shaft (Figs. 1, 6, 12, 27, 29). Preferably adjacent to said cut-
away disk, and coiled about shaft 218, is a helical spring 231, one end of which is
attached to the frame of the machine, and the other end secured to the shaft 218,
or the cutaway disk 230, the purpose of which spring is to throw the printing
hammer 213 toward the type of the wheels to take an impression. Preferably at
the left-hand side of such machine and rigidly fixed to the shaft 218 is a short
arm 232, the free end of which is adapted to come against the end of an adjustable
thumb-screw 233 carried by a bracket 234 sustained by the stationary side-frame 66
of the machine (Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, 12, 27 and 29). The purpose of the arm 232
and thumb-screw 233 is to check the motion of the shaft 218, when the spring 231
actuates said shaft to throw the hammer 213 against the ink-ribbon to take au
impression. These parts check the turning of the shaft just previous to the time
the hammer strikes the inking ribbon and forces it against the paper and the
paper against the type. The flexible standard 215 of the hammer completes the
rest of the stroke and makes an instantaneous contact, so that blurring in printing,
which might be caused by the type wheels not having come completely to rest when
the impression is taken, is avoided. The type are therefore prevented from
dragging over the paper, or the paper over the type, for even an appreciable
instant of time, and causing blurring. Normally the spring 231 keeps the shaft in
such position that the arm 232 is against the end of the thumb-screw 233, and
the hammer within a short distance of the inking ribbon, but not touching the
same.
MECHANISM FOR SETTING IMPRESSION-TAKING DEVICES FOR PRINTING.
1 provide means when a key is depressed, for turning the shaft 218 so as to raise
the printing-haminer to take an impression by the force of the spring 231 when
suitably liberated (Fig. 27). The cutaway disk 23 on shaft 218 has a notch near
one of its peripheral edges (Fig. 29), and into this notch normally rests the nose of
a bar 235, which is articulated to a crank 236 at the extreme right-hand end of the
shaft 165, which is suitably actuated when any key is put down as previously
explained (see Fig. 49). The crank 236 is adjacent to the crank 212 before
referred to, and is placed between the crank 212 and the right-hand end of
shaft 165 when looking at the machine from the front. When any key is put down
the shaft 165 will be slightly rotated, throwing the crank 236 toward the operator,
and pushing the bar 235 outwardly from the machine, thereby rotating the
notched cutaway disk 230 and shaft 218 so as to raise the printing-hammer for
a stroke.

page_text: DEVICES FOR TRIPPING IMPRESSION-TAKING DEVICES TO PRINT.
To permit the hammer to be thrown against the inked ribbon and take an
impression, I may provide devices for tripping the bar 235 so as to permit the
spring 231 to throw the printing-hammer towards the inking ribbon and take an
impression (Figs. 10, 14, 15, 27, 29 and 47). To the shaft 174 is swung an arm 237,
the end of which is provided with a pin 238 (Figs. 27 and 29), which pin works in
a slot in the bar 235 and connects the arm 237 with a link 239, which is also slotted
at the end and has its slot likewise engaged by the pin 238. This link 239 has its
other end articulated to a double crank 240 fast upon a shaft 241, which is
supported by the fixed side-frames of the machine (see also Fig. 28). The other
end of the double crank 240 is articulated to a rod 242, which in turn is connected
to an arm 243 arranged at the right-hand side of the machine upon the end of a
shaft 244 (Figs. 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 37 and 47). The bar 235, the arm 237, the
connecting link 239, the double crank 240, the rod 242 and the arm 243 are arranged
in the manner previously described, adjacent to the right-hand side-frame of the
machine. The shaft. 244 is sustained at each end by uprights (Fig. 27) extending
from a plate 109, which pivotally supports the vertical bars 111 carrying the
escapement racks, as previously pointed out. Upon the shaft 244 adjacent to each
of the escapement racks, is fixedly placed a short arm 246 to which pivotally
secured a vertical flat-bar 247 (see particularly Figs. 9 and 10). The vertical flat
side of the bar 247 and the short arms 246 are arranged so as to be clear of the
racks 112. The upper ends of the flat-bars 247 are turned at right-angles to the
plane of the bar itself, so as to be above the racks 112. The upper bent ends of
the bars 247 are each provided with a guide-pin 248 which works in a slot in said
end. The said guide-pin 248 takes into the collars 116 on the upper end of the
escapement bar 111 The bar 247 is shown in Fig. 10 as broken away about mid-
way of its length in order to better illustrate the construction. The lower side of
the ends of the bent bars 247 terminate slightly below the stop-collars 116, against
which the racks come firmly when thrown in engagement with the escapement
wheels and the motor is unlocked.
The effect of this latter-mentioned operation is to lift the bars 247, draw on the
short arm 246, and turn shaft 244, thereby actuating the arm 243 and operating the
rod 242, which turns the double crank 240 in such a direction as to draw on
the link 239, and so operate the toggle joint formed by said link and the arm 237
as to raise the nose of the bar 235 from the notch of the cutaway disk 230. This
allows the spring 231 to throw the hammer toward the ink ribbon and type
suddenly, and a digit is printed thereby in the manner heretofore state.. The
movements of the parts referred to are in the reverse of the direction indicated by
the arrows upon said parts in Fig. 27, which represents the said parts as returning
to their normal positions.
From the construction described, it will be seen that the haminer is thrown back
and tripped each time a key is depressed. It will be further noted that the
tripping of the haminer does not take place until the escapement rack corresponding
to the key depressed, has reached the limit of its excursion and impinged against
the bent or turned over end of the bars 247. This can only occur after the digit
has been registered by the machine, so that premature printing is obviated, as is
also taking impressions from the type wheels when in active revolution. This
scheme enables the operator to keep pace with the operation of the machine, but
not to get beyond the speed of the apparatus. The operator can, either by
observing the printing hammer or noting the sound made by the printing hammer,
know whether the machine has done its work, and is then informed whether or not
the apparatus is ready for another key to be depressed. As soon as the key rises
the carriage will feed the printing hammer to the next type-wheel, and thus the
digit printed will be readily visible, as the hammer is preferably the width of one
type-wheel only.

page_text: A zero escapement-bar 111, rack 112 and slotted plate 117, and key bar having
pin working in slot in said plate is provided in order to make the resistance of the
zero key exactly similar to the resistance of the other keys, so that the operator
will experience no difference or want of uniformity in action of any of the keys.
The escapement rack for the zero keys cannot, of course, have any movement, else
such movement will be registered by the machine, and the apparatus will not ther
indicate zero.
I design to have the zero key also lift the bar 126 and unlock the
motor the same as the other keys, to have this key in every respect similar in touch
to the operator as the other keys. Although the motor is unlocked when the zero
is depressed by the locking pawl 132 being lifted out of the teeth of the locking
wheel 133, (Fig. 27) the zero escapement rack prevents the motor from causing any
rotation and locks the motor, taking the place for the time being of the locking-
Dawl 132. The zero key's chief function is to feed the carriage from order to
order. The type wheels of the printing wheels are, however, left in their
normal position, and the adding wheels left undisturbed when the zero key is
operated.
As the zero-escapement has no movement, it, of course, will not do to rely upon
the zero-escapement rack to liberate or trip the printing hammer, and I have,
therefore, devised another means for doing this when the zero key is depressed.
To the joint where the one-key crank arm 246 and bar 247 are articulated,
I connect a bent bar 251 (Figs. 6, 9, 47 and 48) which passes downwardly there-
from through the plate 109 along the zero-escapement-bar 111, and is joined to
a plate 252, which straddles the slotted plate 117 of the zero-escapement bar.
This straddling plate 252 is fastened to its plate 117 by a guide pin 253 working
in a slot (Fig. 48). When the zero-key is depressed the pin 119 of said bar
traverses the slot in its plate 117 and raises the plate 252, which is so arranged
as to be struck by said pin before it has reached the end of said slot. The lifting
of the plate 252 raises the bar 251, turns the shaft 244, operates the crank
arm 243 and the connecting rod 242, and parts connected therewith to trip the
hammer in the same manner that the escapement racks of the other keys do.
Inasmuch as the registering apparatus is not called into requisition when the
zero key is depressed, it is evident that there can be no premature printing,
when such key is depressed, and no printing when the type wheels are
motion.
While I have described a printing apparatus and devices in connection
with my machine, it will be understood that my invention and adding machine
is not necessarily confined to the use of such printing devices, but said printing
devices may be dispensed with, where it is required to have an adding machine
solely, or may be greatly varied, and still be within my invention. For instance,
my invention is not necessarily confined to a series of printing wheels, or even
to wheels for printing, as other printing devices can be employed. Nor is my
invention confined to printing each digit after each key is struck, for the
numbers registered by the machine may be printed in a different manner.
printing-hanmer setting and tripping devices herein described may be dispensed
with, and the printing hammer operated directly by the keys in an obvious
manner if desired.
DEVICE FOR ALIGNING PRINTING AND ADDING WHEELS.
171
The
It may happen that the series of idle wheels 78 will get out of co-incident
radial position when there is much play between the teeth of the wheels, and thus
not leave a straight track or channel for the axially-moving wheels 83 and 84 to
traverse. This would also cause the printing and adding wheels to be slightly
out of co-incident radial position, and will therefore make the printing uneven and
might forbid correct registration by the adding wheels. To obviate this I place
upon the shaft 241 two arms 260, which carry a rod 261 extending beneath all
of the idle-wheels of both the printing and adding wheels. The arms 260 are
rigidly secured to the shaft 241, and move with it when the same is actuated by

page_text: the escapement-rack connection to trip the printing hammer in the manner
described (Figs. 12, 13, 16, 27 and 28). Normally the rod 261 is below the
teeth of the idle-wheels 78, so that the latter may revolve freely without being
interfered with by said rod (Fig. 13). When the printing-hammer is tripped,
aid the double crank 240 actuated to turn the shaft 241, the bar 261 is suddenly
thrown up into one of the spaces between the teeth of the idle-wheels, and thus
aligns or puts in line the idle-wheels, and thereby the type-wheels of both the
printing and adding wheels. This occurs just previous to the printing-hammer
taking an impression. If any wheel is slightly out of line the aligning-bar 261
strikes up into the teeth, first passing over the incline part of the teeth, and then
going clear up into the same to the base of the root of the teeth (Fig. 16) and
preserving alignment of the wheels, and of the characters printed. This aligning
means may be used or not as desired in the machine, it not being absolutely
required. Its connections may be varied if desired.
MECHANISM FOR BRINGING CARRIAGE TO STARTING POINT.
The carriage preferably starts from the units column and proceeds to the other
numerical orders progressively step by step. When the beginning or left-hand
eud of a number has been reached after the full number has been registered and
recorded by the machine, it is desirable to bring the carriage to the units order
or column before starting to register another number. To accomplish this in a
convenient manner, the carriage is provided with a pin 262 which extends down-
wardly therefrom (Figs. 25, 26 and 27). This pin is embraced by a right-angle
forked lever 263 pivoted to a post 264 supported by the base plate of the machine
(see also Figs. 1, 4 and 6). The unforked or other end of the bell-crank lever 263
projects preferably toward the right-hand side of the machine and may be operated
in any suitable way to bring the carriage to the units or starting point, but is
preferably operated by the means and in the manner to be hereinafter set forth.
It will be noted that the right-angle lever 263 moves each time the carriage
moves step by step. When the free end of said right-angle lever is pulled to its
normal position, it brings the carriage invariably to the starting point, no matter
in what position it is left by the operation of the keys. If the carriage is moved
through one numerical order it is returned by said right-angle lever through the
distance of one numerical order to the starting point. If the carriage is moved
through two or more numerical orders, it is brought by said right-angled lever to
the starting point. The carriage may be pushed to the starting point by the
rod 226 heretofore described, or inoved to such point by taking hold of any part of
the carriage and shifting it. As previously described the carriage may be made
to begin at the front or highest order of the number by suitably operating the
red 164 and bringing the spur-wheel 153 in gear with the rack 151 of the carriage.
The carriage would then in the present machine, be positioned by hand each time
at the beginning of a number, and would move automatically step by step to the
units end thereof. Other means may of course, be devised to bring the carriage
o a starting point, and still preserve the features of my invention.
MOTOR-WINDING MECHANISM AND HANDLE CONNECTIONS THEREFOR
I deem it advisable to wind the motor spring 100 after each complete number
has been registered by the machine, although a motor could be provided which
would need winding at certain infrequent intervals of time, and still be within
ny invention.
I prefer, however, the former arrangement. An electric motor
nay be used or any motor which has power transmitted to it and which does
ot require winding. For the purpose of winding the motor each time a
omplete number is registered by the machine I attach to the motor-drum 99
ne end of a flexible connection 266, which may be a cord, chain, cable or
ape, metallic or of other suitable material. This flexible connection passes

page_text: downwardly from the drum under a spool 267 on the shaft 70 before referred
to (Figs. 6, 9 13, 23, 24 and 25). The flexible connection 266 after going
over the spool 267 passes to a spool 268, fixed to the shaft 143, upon which
the sleeve 142 of the carriage slides and rotates freely, as previously referred to
(Fig. 25).
The other end of the flexible connection 266 is attached to this
spool 268. At each end of the shaft 143 and adjacent to the side frames of the
machine are disks 269 and 270 (Figs. 4, 6, 13, 23, 24, 25 and 49). To each of
the disks 269 and 270 is pivoted a bar 271 and 272 respectively. These bars pass
forward to beyond the key knobs 122, and are in turn pivoted to levers 273
and 274 respectively. The said levers 273 and 274 are connected together by
a bar or handle 275, which is at or about the level of the key knobs 122, but is
arranged in front thereof so as not to interfere with the operation of the keys, and
yet be within convenient reach of the operator.
When the handle 275 is pulled by the operator it draws on the bars 271
and 272, and thereby rotates the disks 269 and 270 through the arc of a circle,
winds the flexible connection 266 upon the spool 268 on the shaft 143, which is
rotated by said disks 269 and 270, thereby causing the drum 99 to be revolved
and the spring 100 therein to be wound. The handle 275 and parts connected
thereto last referred to may be brought to their normal position by the operator
pushing the handle backward after pulling it forward. It is evident that a spring
may be employed for this purpose, or gravity relied upon to perform this office of
returning the parts to their normal positions. After the spool 268 is rotated
backwards subsequent to being rotated forwardly to wind the flexible connection
on said spool to store power in the motor, the flexible connection will be slack.
As the keys are operated and the motor unlocked and permitted to revolve, the
slack in the flexible connection will be gradually taken up by the motor, the
flexible connection being wound upon the drum 99. If but few keys have been
operated and the motor brought into requisition but little, a small part of the slack
of the flexible connection will be taken up and wound upon the drum 99, but if
the keys have been operated to the full limit of the machine for any single
-complete number, nearly all, if not all, of the slack will be taken up in the flexible
connection and wound upon the drum 99. When the handle is pulled, the motor
is wound by drawing upon the flexible connection and uncoiling it from the
.drum 99. If but little of the flexible connection is coiled upon the drum, but
little power will be stored in the motor when the handle is pulled, but if ou the
other band, a large part of the slack of the flexible connection 266 is wound upon
the drum 99, when the handle is pulled considerable power will be stored in the
motor. When the handle is pulled and the motor has expended but little of its
energy, the effect of pulling the handle will be to first take out the slack out of the
flexible connection, and then to wind the motor, there being as it were a lost
motion between the handle and the motor during the first part of the movement
of the handle. If, however, the motor has expended the full limit of its power,
the very first motion of the handle will start to wind the motor and will continue
winding the same during all the movement of the handle, and will store into the
motor its full complement of energy. In both instances supposed, the exact
amount of power expended by the motor will be stored into the motor when the
handle is pulled. This is one of the features of my invention. The details of
construction of my motor-winding mechanism may be varied without departing
from the spirit of my invention. The operating handle 275 or its connections
need not necessarily be actuated by hand, as any way of effecting the desired
movement at the will of the operator may be adopted, as by a foot treadle for
instance, and still be within my invention.

page_text: free end of the bell-crank lever 263 will travel with the bar 272 to the end of its
movement. There will be no lost motion between the parts referred to in the last
instance as in the former.
DEVICES FOR BRINGING PRINTING WHEELS TO ZERO.
In the idle-wheel shaft 77 is cut a key seat 281° (Fig. 49) for receiving, at the
right-hand half thereof a key 281, having pins 282, (Figs. 39, 41, 42, 43 and 45)
extending therefrom at a distance apart equal to the distance between the idle
wheels 78. There is a pin 282 for each idle-wheel of the printing wheel. Upon
each of the idle-wheels is also a pin 283 at right-angles to the pins 282, and against
which the pins 282 when suitably operated, are adapted to strike (Figs. 41, 42, 43,
44 and 45). As before explained, the idle-wheels 78 are loosely mounted or
journalled upon the shaft 77, so that said wheels may rotate independently of
said shaft. Ordinarily the pins 282 on the key are out of the path of the
pins 283 on the idle-wheels, so that the idle-wheels may rotate freely without
encountering the pins on the key 281. I design to have the shaft 77 rotated
each time a number has been registered by the machine, and the handle 275 is
pulled, and I also design to have the key 281 at the same time moved long-
tudinally in its seat in the shaft 77, so that the pins 282 will be moved adjacent
to the idle-wheels (Fig. 43), whereby when the shaft 77 is rotated and the key 281
carried thereby revolved, the pins 282 will strike or gather up the pins 283 on the
respective idle-wheels, and will bring the idle-wheels to a predetermined position so
as to position the type-wheels to zero.
For the purpose of turning the shaft 77 to accomplish the object desired, I have
arranged preferably upon the left-hand end of the shaft 73, a segmental disk 284
(Figs. 23, 24 and 49). The segmental disk 284 is carried by a collar or sleeve 285.
preferably swung about the type-wheel shaft 73, so that the segment may turn
independently of said type-wheel shaft 73. Pivotally attached to the segment 284
is a vertical curved rod 286, which passes downwardly and is pivoted to the
disk 269 previously described, and which is actuated when the handle 275 is pulled.
Normally the segment 284 is in a raised position as shown in Fig. 23, but when the
handle 275 is pulled, the rod 286 is drawn downwardly by the rotation of the
disk 269, and rotates the segment 284 downward to the position shown in Figs. 24
and 49. The segment 284 has teeth cut upon its peripheral edge, and these teeth
mesh into the teeth of the small spur-wheel 287 fast upon the shaft 77 carrying the
idle-wheels. Every time the handle is pulled, the shaft 77 is rotated by the
connections described.
Between the idle-wheels, and loosely upon the shaft 77 are placed collars 288
(Figs. 42, 43 and 46) which are open rings, between the ends of which the pins of
the key 281 come. The purpose of these open rings or collars is to keep the idle
wheels at the proper distance from one another. The collars in nowise interfere
with the free rotation of the idle-wheels 78, being held from revolution by the
pins 282 of the key 281 when the idle wheels 78 rotate independently of said
key 281, but being carried around with the pins of the key 281 when the shaft 77
is itself rotated, irrespective of whether the pins of the key are in or out of the
path of the pins of the idle-wheels.
It will be noted that the shaft 77, carrying the key 281, could not be rotated.

page_text: when the pins 282 came against the pins 283 upon the idle-wheels when any of sard
idle-wheels were in engagement with the axially-moving wheels 83 and 84, which
are positively geared to the motor, and positively locked from rotation except when
the keys are depressed. Under the conditions stated it would then be impossible
to bring the printing wheels to zero by the means described. If the axially-moving
wheels 83 and 84 be separated from the idle-wheels it will be obvious that the
type-wheels can then be brought to zero by pulling the handle. As one way of
separating the axially-moving wheels from the idle wheels, I arrange to have said
axially-moving wheels pass out of mesh with the idle-wheels, preferably at right-
angles to their axes, and to have the further pulling of the handle move said
axially-moving wheels in the direction of their axes to a starting point, when they
are entirely clear of the idle-wheels. The axially-moving wheels may be moved
out of engagement with idle-wheels in any other suitable way, but by this system
the axially-moving wheels are free to be drawn to their starting point by the
pulling of the handle, without any possibility of striking the teeth of the idle-
wheels. To effect this separation of the axially-moving wheels from the idle-
wheels, mount the ends of the shaft 81 which carries the sleeve 82, that bears
the axially-moving wheels in the oscillating side-frames 68 and 69 which have been
previously described. This oscillating frame carries the motor-shafts, gearing and
studs heretofore described, and in it are mounted all the parts of the motor
and the motor-winding mechanism, as well as all the parts of the escapement
for the motor. This oscillating frame also carries the means for unlocking the
motor when the keys are depressed, which means really forms part of the motor-
escapement.
From the oscillating side-frames 68 and 69 extend rearwardly two lugs 289
respectively, each of which bears against a spring 290 carried by posts 291 upon
the base-plate 65 of the machine (Figs. 4 and 9). Normally the springs 290 hold
the oscillating frame in vertical position, so that the axially-moving wheels are in
engagement with the idle-wheels. Attached to the oscillating side-frames 68
and 69 respectively, are forwardly projecting arms 292 and 293. To said
arms 292 and 293 are secured respectively pins 294 and 295 (Figs. 1, 4, 6, 9, 13,
23, 24, 25 and 27). The pins 294 and 295 carried by said arms work in curved
slots 296 and 297 (see also Fig. 49) in the disks 269 and 270 upon the shaft 143,
as previously described. The first part of the slots 296 and 297 are made
eccentric, but the rest of said slots and the main part thereof is concentric
with reference to the shaft 143 with which the slotted disks 269 and 270 turn.
In the normal position of parts, pins 294 and 295 rest in the eccentric end of the
curved slots. When the handle 275 is pulled, the very first movement of rotation
of the disks 269 and 270 lifts the arms 292 and 293 by means of the pins 294
and 295 and the eccentric part of the slots, throwing the oscillating side-frames 68
and 69 backwardly slightly, compressing the springs 290 and effecting a separation
of the axially-moving wheels from the idle-wheels.
It will be observed that the slight rearward swinging movement of the shaft 81
carrying the axially-moving wheels and sleeve 82, is not interfered with by the
carriage, which is connected to the sleeve 82 by the forked lever 136. The
rearward swing of the sleeve 82 merely moves the lever 136 rearwardly, and swings
rearwardly the uprights 140 and 141 of the carriage without disturbing the hori
zontal arms 145 and 146 of the carriage (Figs. 6, 13, 25, 27 and 49). Inasmuch
as the oscillating frame carries the motor, the escapement and the motor unlocking
devices, all of which are to a large extent independent of the other part of the
machine, there will be no derangement of the machine in effecting a separation of
said parts from the rest of the machine. While the axially-moving wheels are out
of engagement with the idle-wheels they are being moved to the starting point by
means of the bell-crank lever 263 and handle previously set forth. When the
handle is pushed or brought back to its normal position, the axially-moving wheels
are brought into mesh with the units idle-wheel. 298 and 299 (Fig. 25) are two
lugs respectively on the stationary upright side-frames 66 and 67, against which

page_text: ugs come the arms 292 and 293 respectively to limit the forward return movement
of the oscillating frame and keep the axially-moving wheels in proper meshing
distance with the idle-wheels.
When the idle-wheels are free from the axially-moving wheels, and the pins 282
on the key 281 are moved towards the idle-wheels (Fig. 43), the idle-wheels may
then be rotated freely to the zero point by the rotation of the shaft 77 and the
key 281, which latter rotation is effected by the segment 284 and connecting
rod 286, as, and in the manner, heretofore described.
To throw the key 281 in position, so that the pins carried thereby will impinge
against the pins 283 on the idle-wheel, I may provide the idle-wheel shaft 77 with
a loosely mounted collar 300, which is fast to the key 281, but is capable of
sliding upon said shaft (Fig. 39). In a circumferential groove in the collar 300
takes a pin 301 carried by a lever 302 pivoted to a collar 303 preferably carried
by the type-wheel shaft 73. The free end of the lever 302 is provided with a
curved slot, into which takes a pin 304 carried by a bracket or arm 305, which is
rigidly secured by preference, to the upright 69 of the oscillating frame (Figs. 6,
12, 27 and 39). The slot in the lever 302 is so curved that when the pin 304
rides along the curved sides of said slot, when the oscillating frame is moved back-
wardly by the pulling of the handle, that the free enl of the lever 302 will be
swung towards the left of the machine, thereby sliding the sleeve 300 and key 281
so as to put the pins 282 of the key 281 in the path of the pins 283 upon the idle-
wheels. As before explained, the oscillating frame is moved backward at the very
first motion of the handle, so that the pins 282 on the key will be thrown in the
path of the pins 283 during the first part of the motion of the handle. During the
rest of the movement of the handle, the shaft 77 is rotated thereby, and the type-
wheels brought to zero by the idle-wheels being moved to their initial position by
the means set forth. When the handle is moved or resumes its normal position,
the pin 304 rides backward in the slot in the lever 302, and moves the key 281, so
that its pins will be taken out of the path of the pins on the idle-wheels
(Fig. 42).
It is obvious that other means of throwing the pins of the keys in the path of the
pins on the idle-wheels may be used without departing from the spirit of my inven-
tion in this particular. The means I have described represent only one way of
accomplishing this purpose, and the way in which I have found convenient for the
purpose. It is obvious that any sort of a movable frame may be substituted for
the oscillating frame. If other meaus be used for the above described purpose, an
oscillating or movable frame need not necessarily be employed, as no separation of
the axially-moving and idle-wheels may then be desired. Other means may be
employed to bring the type-wheels to zero, but I prefer the devices set forth.
DEVICES AUTOMATICALLY LOCKING PRINTING WHEELS AT ZERO.
The printing wheels 72 may be frictionally restrained from rotating past and
held at their zero point when the operating handle is pulled, but I prefer to
positively lock them in such position, and to unlock them when the finger-keys are
depressed as previously set forth, positively relocking them automatically at zero
when the operating handle is pulled. For this purpose the ends of the printing-
wheel locking pawls are slotted or notched, and provided with a rounded part on
each side of the slot or notch 306 therein. The slot of the pawis 79 of the printing-
wheels 72 is adapted to take over one of two pins 307 upou each of the gear
wheels 75 attached to the printing-wheels (Figs. 6, 13 and 49). The pawls 79 of
the printing-wheels do not lock into the teeth of the spur-wheels 75 attached
thereto, as do the locking pawls of the adding wheels 71 when the printing-
wheels 72 are at zero. One of the pins 307 rest normally in the said slots, and
hold said printing-wheels positively locked until any given pawl is moved away
from its pin, when the wheels so unlocked may be rotated freely. This unlocking
of the pawls occurs when the keys are depressed and the cam 168 on the sleeve 166
D

page_text: impinges against the short arm of any pawl 79 (Fig. 49) as previously explained.
After each printing-wheel is suitably positioned, and an impression taken there-
from, each pawl 79 is forced to its normal position by the individual springs 171
previously referred to. The printing wheels after being actuated, and before the
operating handle is pulled, are not locked by the pawls, but are left temporarily in
the position in which they are placed until the complete number is registered and
printed and the handle 275 is pulled. It matters not, of course, whether the
printing-wheels rotate out of their position after an impression is taken from them
for they have no function to perform again until the handle 275 is pulled.
When any pawl 79 is returned to its normal position after the printing-wheels
are rotated, it is within the path of its pin 307, so that when the handle 275 is
pulled and the key 281 in shaft 77 has its pins 282 put in the path of the pins 283
of the idle-wheels 78, the said idle-wheels will turn to their initial positions, and
will rotate the wheels 75 of the printing-wheels, bringing one of the pins 307
against one or the other curved side of the pawl. The pins 307 will ride over one
of the curved parts of the pawl 79 until the slot 306 is encountered, when the pawl
will snap over the pin and lock the printing wheels.positively at zero, the springs 171
causing the snapping action of the pawls. The pins 307 ride over one or the other
of the curved parts of the pawl at each side of the slot, depending upon in which
direction the printing-wheels have been rotated, i.e. whether they have been turned
in one direction to cause the machine to add, or in the other direction to cause the
machine to subtract. If one or more of the printing-wheels in adding or sub-
tracting a number have not been actuated, but have been left at zero to print a
cipher in the number, such wheel or wheels will not have their pawls unlocked, and
one of the pins 307 of such wheel or wheels will remain in the slot in its pawl and
hold said wheels at zero during the entire time. When the printing wheels are
brought to zero, they are ready to be rotated again to any character to print the
next number to be registered by the machine.
HANDLE CONNECTIONS FOR FEEDING INK RIBBON AND PAPER.
The forward end of the arm 292, secured to the side oscillating frame 68, is
attached to the link 209, which is secured to the inner end of the lever 205 carrying
the ink-ribbon feeding pawis 206 and 207 (Figs. 4, 6, 13, 23 and 24). From this
it will be seen that each time the handle 275 is moved to and fro and the oscillating
frame vibrated back and forth, the lever 205 will move up and down the ink-
ribbon-feeding pawls 206 and 207, so as to feed the ribbon each time the handle is
pulled, and after a complete number has been registered by the machine and another
number is to be registered and printed.
The rod 196, which is connected to the paper-feeding devices, and the actuation
of which feeds the paper for the next number to be printed in the manner and by
the means heretofore set forth, is connected to a rod 206", which ties together the
upper part of the oscillating side-frames 68 and 69 (Figs. 6, 9 and 27). When
the oscillating frame is moved back and forth by the actuation of the handle as
described, the paper will be fed and ready for recording the next number. Thus
it will be seen that the actuation of the handle 275 not only brings the carriage to
its starting point, winds the motor and rotates the printing-wheels to zero, but that
said handle feeds the paper and inking ribbon, greatly simplifying the action of the
machine, and making it convenient to operate and its operation automatic
throughout. All it is necessary to do to add or subtract and record numbers is to
operate the keys and pull the handle after each complete number is struck upon
the keys. Other connections than those described may be made between the
operating handle and the ink-ribbon and paper-feeding devices without departing
from my invention. The means described for these purposes are set forth merely
to disclose one means of accomplishing the objects, and to show by way of
illustration, how the same may be carried out.

page_text: APPLIANCES FOR BRINGING ADDING WHEELS TO ZERO.
In the key seat or groove 281" (Fig. 49) passing from one end of the shaft 77 to
the other end and at the left-hand side of the machine, is a second key 310 having
pins similar in every respect to the key 281 of Fig. 45. The idle-wheels of the
registering or adding wheels have pins 311 upon them, the same as the pins 283
on the idle-wheels of the printing-wheels, and the pins of the key 310 are normally
without the path of the pins 311, the same as before described with reference to
the idle-wheels of the printing-wheels, (Figs. 16, 38 and 53). The key 310 is
secured to a collar 312 which is free to slide upon the shaft 77, and which shaft
may rotate independently of said sleeve. Into a peripheral groove in said collar,
takes the nose of a projection 313 upon a shaft 314 journalled in brackets extending
from the upright stationary side-frame 66 of the machine (Fig. 38). The shaft 314
has about it a coiled spring 314" which tends to move the collar 312 away from the
side frame 66, and keep the pins on said key 310 out of the path of the pins 311
(Fig. 53) on the idle-wheels of the adding-wheels, so that said idle-wheels may
rotate freely without being interfered with by the pins upon the key 310. The
shaft 314 has upon it an arm 315, the free end of which may be provided with
suitable handle or finger piece 315ª projecting within convenient reach of the
operator.
When the arm 315 is pulled downward, it overcomes the tension of the coiled
spring around the shaft 314, and moves the collar 312 out of its normal position
and towards the side frame 66, bringing the pins on the key 310 in the path of the
pins on the idle-wheels of the adding wheels, the same as previously described with
reference to the idle-wheels of the printing-wheels. When the handle 275 is pulled
while the arm 315 is depressed, the idle-wheels of the adding wheels will be brought
to their initial position, and the adding wheels will thereby be revolved to zero.
It will be remembered that every time the operating handle is pulled, the movable
frame is oscillated, and the axially-moving wheels separated from the idle-wheels
of both the printing and adding wheels, so that the idle-wheels of the adding-
wheels are free to be revolved. As before described, the shaft 77 is rotated each
time the handle 275 is pulled, but the key 310 is not brought into requisition until
the arm 315 is depressed, which is done at the will of the operator when it is
desired to start an entire new addition. The key 310 is not brought into requisition
automatically by the pulling of the handle as the key 281, which controls the
printing wheels is, but the adding wheels are only brought to zero by pulling the
handle when the key 310 is positioned at the will of the operator.
MECHANISM FOR UNLOCKING ADDING WHEELS TO BRING THEM TO ZERO.
Inasmuch as the adding wheels are positively locked by the pawls 79, some
means must be devised to throw said pawls out of engagement with and unlock the
adding wheels before said wheels can be turned to zero to start a new addition.
In the present machine I design to have this done at the same time the key 310 is
shifted to bring its pins in the path of the pins on the idle-wheel, and just before
the handle 275 is pulled. This means consists of an arm 316 rigidly fastened to
the shaft 314 (Fig. 38). The arın 316 has pivoted to it a connecting rod 317 to
which is in turn pivoted an arm 318 rigidly fastened to a shaft 319, which carries a
cam 320 extending over all the pawls 79 of the adding wheels (Figs. 1, 13, 23, 24
and 53).
The shaft 319 which carries the cam 320 is supported at each end
beneath the adding wheels by two bars 321 and 322, extending respectively from
the plates 173 (Figs. 1, 13, 23 and 24). When the arm 315 is depressed, it draws
upwardly the connecting rod 317 and arm 318, thereby throwing the cam 320
against the locking pawls 79 and unlocking all of the adding wheels (Figs. 13
and 53) so that when the handle 275 is pulled they are free to be brought to their
zero position. The spring about the shaft 314 returns the parts to their normal

page_text: position and is assisted in this action by the individual springs 171 applied to the
locking pawls, as previously described. If need be other appliances may be
employed to unlock the adding wheels and bring them to zero.
DEVICES FOR ARRESTING ADDING WHEELS AT ZERO.
gear
When the locking pawls 79 are thrown out of engagement with the
wheels 75 of the adding wheels 71 by operating the finger-piece 315, and the
handle 275 is pulled, there will then he nothing to prevent the adding wheels from
rotating past the zero point, and the momentum of said wheels may be sufficient
to cause such over-rotation. To prevent this I provide each of the gear-wheels of
the adding wheels with a disk 323, which is notched at diametrically opposite
points (Fig. 53). I also secure to the cam 320 a number of bent fingers 324 one
for cach adding wheel. These fingers normally do not touch the disk 323, but
when the cam 320 is operated by the finger-piece 315, the said fingers are thrown
into contact with the said disks. If any adding wheel has been operated, and is
not at zero when the cam 320 is operated, the end of its finger 324 will bear upon
the periphery of its disk, and when the adding wheels are rotated by pulling the
handle to bring them to zero, the bent ends of the fingers will snap into one or the
other of the two notches when the zero point is reached, and thus prevent further
rotation of the type-wheels, firmly holding them at the zero point and doing away
with the possibility of over-rotation. When the finger-piece 315, is liberated, the
cani 320 resumes its normal position, the locking pawls 79 pass into engagement
with the gear-wheels of the adding wheels, and the fingers 324 are removed from
contact with the disks. Frictional means may be employed to stop the adding
wheels at zero if desired. The unlocking devices last described would then be
dispensed with.
SUBTRACTING AND CORRECTing.
I have previously described the motor gearing and the clutch mechanism by
which the direction of rotation of the axially-moving wheels and idle-wheels, and
thereby the printing and adding wheels may be reversed. Any means of operating
the clutch 87, (Figs. 11, 31, 32 and 38) for this purpose may be adopted without
materially affecting my invention. I have shown in the accompanying drawing
one means of operating the said clutch to effect addition or subtraction at will, and
for this purpose have provided a lever 326 with a pin 327 which takes into a
peripheral groove in the clutch 87. The said lever 326 is pivoted to a collar 328
carried by the tie-rod 206ª (Figs. 11, 12 and 38). Surrounding the free end of the
lever 326 is a sliding part 329, which is pivoted to a short arm or crank 330
rigidly affixed to a spindle 331 journalled in brackets 332 and 333 extending from
the inside of the upright stationary side frame 66 of the machine. The spindle 31
extends within convenient reach of the operator, and is provided with a knob 334,
which may be adjacent to the arm 315, that is brought into requisition to bring the
adding-wheels to zero. When the spindle 331 is rotated so as to swing the arm 330
and draw the part 329 to the left (Fig. 38), the lever 326 will be drawn to the left
and will move the clutch 87 in the same direction, that is, from engagement with
the wheel 86 into engagement with the wheel 85. Rotating the spindle 331 in the
opposite direction will throw the parts 330, 329 and 326 to the right and move the
clutch 87 from engagement with the wheel 85 into engagement with the wheel 86.
Upon the spindle 331 is rigidly affixed a spool or collar 335, the purpose of which
will be described hereinafter. Between the spool 335 and the bracket 333 is a
spring coiled about the spindle 331. This spring tends to keep the spindle in its
retracted position. From the bracket 333 extends a semi-cylindrical part 336,
which is bored to receive the lower half of the spindle 331. Upon this spindle and
rigidly attached thereto, is a corresponding semi-cylindrical part 337 (Figs. 36, 37
and 38).

page_text: Normally the two parts 336 and 337 rest against each other so as to mrike a
cylinder. In this position the spindle 331 is turned so as to throw, by means of
the parts 330, 329 326 and 327, the clutch 87 into engagement with the wheel 86
and drive said wheel and its connected gearing, in such a direction as to add for
instance. By grasping the knob 334 ant drawing the spindle forward until the
semi-cylindrical part 337 escapes the semi-cylindrical part 336, and then turning
the knob 334, so that the spindle 331 is turned to throw the arm 330 in such a
direction as to put the clutch 87 in communication with the wheel 85, the printing
and registering wheels of the machine will be driven in the opposite direction so as
to subtract, for instance. When the spindle 331 is drawn forward and rotated, the
end of the semi-cylindrical part 337 after the knob is liberated, engages the end of
the semi-cylindrical part 336, the spring upon the spindle holding said parts firmly
in contact, and preventing the spin lle from being jarred so as to throw the clutch
out of engagement with the wheel 85. By now drawing the knob slightly forward
and turning the spindle, so that the semi-cylindrical parts 336 and 337 register
with each other, the spring 331 retracts the spindle. The reversing of the motor,
that is to say, the placing of the clutch 87 in engagement with one wheel or the
other, is effected by the rotary motion of the spindle 331 but is not caused by
the longitudinal movement of said spindle. The connecting piece 329 permits the
spindle 331 to be slid in and out, and it allows the oscillating frame, 68, 69, 206³ to
move back and forth without interfering with the spindle 331, the lever 326 by
such connection being permitted to slude longitudinally in said connecting piece.
I may mention here that the longitudinal motion of the spindle 331 is for the
purpose of moving back and forth the spool 335 to suitably control the carrying
mechanism to be hereinafter.described, so that the said carrying mechanism will be
governed to add or subtract at will.
By referring to Figs. 33 and 34 of Sheet 10, it will be noted that the digits upon
the type-wheel of the printing-wheel shown in Fig. 33 are repeated thereou twice
in reverse series, but that the digits upon the adding-wheel shown in Fig. 34 are
repeated thereon in two direct or regular series. The difference of arrangement of
type is due to the difference in function of the wheels. The printing-wheels in
Fig. 33 print only the numbers registered by the machine, and start from zero each
time a key is operated, whether the machine is adding or subtracting. The
function of the adding-wheels (Fig. 34) is, however, different, their purpose being
to indicate the sum of or difference between numbers, and hence the arrangement
described is adopted.
One of the chief advantages of having an adding machine that will subtract, is to
be able to make corrections in the work done by the machine. Suppose an
operator has discovered that a wrong number has been added, and it is desired to
correct the same. The knob 334 is manipulated so as to cause the machine to
subtract, and the number wrongly added is struck over again upon the keys. This
removes the wrong number from the machine and leaves the registering wheels in
the same position they were before such number was erroneously added. Then by
again manipulating the knob 334 so as to add, and striking the correct number on
the keys, addition may be continued. It will be obvious that where the wrong
number has been subtracted, the reverse of the preceding operation may be gone
through with to effect correction. The correction of a number may apply to the
correction of wrongly added digits, or to the taking out of the machine the entire
number containing the digit as one element.
Another advantage of having the same machine both add and subtract is to
furnish a means for verifying the work and of striking balances (Fig. 35). Let
its suppose that a series of numbers have been added by the machine and a certain
result is obtained. By changing the machine so as to subtract, and operating the
keys to subtract the same numbers which were added to obtain the result, the
adding-wheels should register zero. This indicates the correctness of the result
obtained by addition. If the adding wheels by the method pursued, are not brought

page_text: operator to add and which to subtract.
CARRYING MECHANISM.
Having now more particular reference to Figs. 50 to 60 inclusive, showing the
carrying mechanism in detail on an enlarged scale, 340 and 341 are the side bars
of a frame for supporting the carrying mechanism which side bars are joined
together at their rear by a tie-rod 342. This frame is sustained by the top rod 206
of the oscillating frame at the rear end, where it is provided with a slot formed by
prong 344 extending therefrom to permit the rod 206" to have the necessary
motion which the oscillating frame has. The side bars 340 and 341 rest mediately
at their forward part upon a shaft 345, which is supported at each end at the top
of the stationary side frames of the machine (Fig. 4). The side bars 340 and 341
do not themselves rest upon the shaft 345, but are provided with downward
extensions 346 screwed thereto, which rest upon said shaft (Figs. 6 and 13).
The shaft 345 carries a series of wheels 347, loosely journalled thereon, of the
same size as the idle-wheels 78, and corresponding in number to and meshing with
the idle-wheels of the adding-wheels. These wheels 347 accompany the idle-
wheels of the adding wheels, through all their movements. Each of said
wheels 347 is provided with an annulus 348 having a single tooth 349 (Fig. 55),
which tooth is adapted to operate upon a suitable part of the carrying mechanism
when carrying is to be effected. The wheels 347 are provided with ten teeth, the
same as the idle-wheels 78, this being one-half of the number of the teeth on the
axially-moving wheels 83 and 84, and one-half of the number of the teeth of
the type-wheel gear wheels 75.
Within the frame formed by the side bars 340 and 341 and the cross bar 342,
which frame is stationary, is a second frame adapted to reciprocate, and composed
of side bars 350 and 351 similar to each other. These bars 350 and 351 are joined
together by rods 352 and 353. The rods 352 and 353 project beyond the side bars
of the reciprocating or movable frame into slots in the side bars 340 and 341 of the
stationary frame, the said slots forming a means for guiding, and permitting the
reciprocating frame to move back and forth, and at the same time sustaining it
npon the fixed frame of the carrying mechanism (Figs. 4, 6, 13, 23 and 24).
Upon the shaft 352 of the reciprocating frame are mounted to swing freely, a
series of flat carrying-bars 354, the under side of which are provided with three
teeth, and the forward ends of which are notched and cut away as shown in the
drawings. The three teeth of the carrying-bars 354 are adapted to come into
mesh with their respective carrying wheels 347 at the proper time, when suitably
operated to effect the carrying. The bars 354 correspond in number to the
carrying wheels 347 and are arranged in the same vertical plane with said wheels.
Pivoted to a downward extension from each flat bar 354, by a pin 35, is a
right-angle or bell-crank lever 356 arranged between the flat-bars 354, so that the
lower ends thereof, which are provided with two teeth or rounded projections, are
over their respective carrying-teeth 349 on the wheels 347. The said bell-crank
levers are adapted to be normally held down in position so as to be operated upon
by the carrying teeth. Gravity may be relied upon for this purpose, and to hold
the upright arm of the bell-crank lever against a stop-pin 357 carried by each
flat-bar 354. The action of gravity may be supplemented by a small spring 358
bearing against the rear of each of the upright arms of the bell-crank levers, and
carried by a pin upon each of the carrying bars 354. To the upright end of
the bell-crank lever 356 is articulated a link 359, which is in turn articulate to a
hook 360 (Fig. 54), forming a latch for each of the carrying-bars, and adapted
to engage a pin 361 upon each of said bars. The hooks 360 are loosely swung

page_text: upon a shaft 362 sustained at each end by standards 363 and 364, extending from
the side-bars 350 and 351 respectively of the reciprocating or movable frame.
Normally the carrying-bars 354 are all latched in their raised positions by the
hooks 360.
When carrying is to be effected, the free arms of the right-angular levers 356
are operated by the single carrying teeth 349, which by the connections described
actuates the hook 360 so as to unlatch the raised carrying-bar 354 of the next
order above. Suppose it is necessary to carry, for instance, from units to tens, the
right-angular lever between the units and tons carrying bars will have its free end
over the units wheel carrying tooth 349, and will unlatch the hook 360 which
sustains in place the (next above or) tens carrying bar. It will be observed that
the right-angular lever does not unlock the carrying-bar upon which it is mounted,.
but the carrying-har next above. Should gravity not be sufficient to cause the
carrying-bars to fall when unlatched, each of said bars may be provided with a
helical spring 365, which is connected to a cross-bar of the reciprocating frame
at one end, and to the carrying-bars at the other end.
It will be understood that in my carrying apparatus the carrying members or
bars may unlock one another, that is to say, the carrying-bar below (ie. of a lower
order) may unlock the carrying-bar or bars above, or of a higher order, when the
registering wheels and carrying teeth corresponding to each of the carrying-bars
above are one step removed from carrying position. Suppose, for instance, that 99
is recorded on the units and tens wheel, and that 1 is added to units. The units
registering wheel 347 and carrying tooth 349 will strike in their rotation the bell-
crank lever 356 and unlock the latch 360, letting the units carrying-bar, between
the units and tens wheel, drop. This dropping of the units carrying-bar referred
to will carry down with it, at the same time, the bell-crank lever 356 pivoted upon
said bar. One of the teeth on the free end of the bell-crank lever 355 will now
impinge against the carrying tooth 349 between the tens and hundreds, and will
throw upward this end of the bell-crank lever, and backward the upper end of
said bell-crank lever, drawing on the link 359, and operating the latch 360, which
sustains 359, and operating the latch 360, which sustains in position the tens
carrying-bar 354 between tens and hundreds, thereby permitting said tens
carrying-bar to drop upon the rest 391. It will be noted that the units carrying
bar has, by the connections referred to, unlatched or positioned the tens carrying-
bar for carrying, and that this has not been caused by the revolution of the tens
carrying wheel, but on the contrary, is independent of the revolution of the tens
wheel, which has remained stationary during this operation. When, now, the
carrying mechanism is moved back or forth, the carrying-bars referred to, after
the rest 391 has been lowered, will drop into engagement with the carrying wheels,
and will turn said wheels through the space of one tooth. This action of one
carrying-bar unlocking another through the instrumentality of the connections
referred to, will take place no matter how many carrying wheels are at nine,
one step removed from the carrying point, and the actuation of one bar by the
rotation of the carrying teeth will be sufficient to unlatch every carrying-har,
provided its corresponding carrying-wheel and tooth is at nine, or but one step
removed from carrying position. One carrying-bar when unlatched, will not,
however, operate the one or ones above when the carrying wheels corresponding to
said carrying-bar or bars are not at nine, or one step removed from carrying
position, for then when a carrying-bar which is unlatched drops, carrying down
with it its bell-crank lever 359, the teeth on the free end of said bell-crank
lever do not strike against its carrying tooth 349, because said tooth 349 is not in
the path of or in position to impinge against the said bell-crank lever, and
therefore the spring 358 holds the bell-crank lever 356 in its normal position and
maintains the carrying-bar next above in its latched condition. It will be seen,
therefore, that all the carrying-bars which are to carry for an entire number, are
positioned or unlatched before any of the carrying takes place, and that all of said
carrying-bars carry simultaneously and independently when actuated, and not
or

page_text: rotation of the wheels during carrying is also guarded against by this means.
This feature of having one carrying member unlock or position another for
carrying independently of the rotation of any of the registering wheels and
carrying teeth, except the first or actuating one of the lower order, is, so far as I
am aware, novel.
HANDLE CONNECTIONS FOR ACTUATING CARRYING MECHANISM.
The reciprocating frame in which the carrying-bars 354 are mounted may be
normally held in a backward position, for instance, and propelled forward to carry
for adding, for example, and may be held in a forward position and moved
rearwardly to carry for subtracting, for instance. The carrying mechanism may
be reciprocated in any suitable way, either by the keys direct, or by a motor, or
may be operated by extraneous force. I prefer the latter means, and elect to have
the carrying take place after a complete number has been struck upon the keys,
and not to have the carrying done upon the registration of each digit of the
number. This method of operation has several advantages, in the first place: it
makes the key resistance less not to have the carrying done by the keys direct,
and also gives the keys uniformity of resistance, which they would not have it
they did the carrying. In the next place, the means preferred has advantages
over permitting the motor to actuate the carrying mechanism, for the carrying
would then have to be done when the keys were depressed, and sufficient tim
might not be afforded for the purpose. So also, having the motor do the carrying
might result in over-rotation of the registering wheels by reason of the velocity
of movement of the motor and gearing driven thereby, and this would also
require a larger motor of considerably more power. For these reasons I prefer
to have the carrying done by the operation of the handle 275, which is a
deliberate movement, and which operation must necessarily be gone through
to feed the paper, wind the motor, bring the carriage to the starting point etc.
The reciprocating frame 350, 351, 352 and 353 bearing the carrying-bars may
be operated to carry from the handle in any suitable way without departing from
my invention, but is preferably operated in the present machine by the following
means. Pivotally connected to the disk 269, which is rotated to and fro in the
arc of the circle by operating the bandle 275 as above explained, is a rod 370
arranged adjacent to the rod 286 previously described. This rod passes upwardly
and is pivoted to a bar 371, the lower end of which is slotted or forked and is
guided by a shaft 372. The bar 371 is arranged adjacent to the fixed side-
frame 66 of the machine, and is maintained vertical (Figs. 4, 6, 13, 23 and 24).
The said bar at its upper end branches into and forms an open quadrangular part
or member 373, having near its upper part two notches directly opposite and on
the insides of the vertical limb of the quadrangular part. One or the other of
these notches is adapted to engage either one of pins 374 and 375 respectively,
carried by the diametrically opposite arms of an inverted T-lever 376 mounted
upon the shaft 345 previously referred to (Figs. 4, 23, 24 and 50).
When the disk 269 is turned back and forth by operating the handle 275, the
When the said
rod 370 pulls downwardly the bar 371 and quadrangular part 373.
bandle and disk 269 immediately thereafter return to their normal position, the
aforesaid parts are raised. When the pin 374 of the T-lever 376 is in engagement
with its notch in the open quadrangular part 373, and the parts are in their
raised position, the principal arm of the T-lever will be deflected toward the rear

page_text: of the machine (Fig. 23) and will normally maintain such position. As soon
as the handle is pulled, the T-lever will now be deflected towards the front of the
machine (Fig. 24) by means of the connection described. Upon the parts
resuming their normal position, the T-lever will be pushed backwardly to its
former position. Thus it will be seen under the assumptions made that the
T-lever is normally towards the rear of the machine, but is, by pulling of the
handle, thrown forwardly and then backwardly.
If the pin 375 upon the other arm of the T-lever be placed in engagement with
the other notch in the quadrangular part 373 (Fig. 4), the principal arm of the
T-lever will be normally forward towards the front of the machine, and when the
handle is pulled and the quadrangular part drawn downwardly thereby, it will
move the principal arm of the T-lever towards the rear of the machine.
As soon
as the quadrangular part rises by the return movement of the handle, the T-lever
will be thrown forwardly to its normal position. The upper end of the T-lever is
that which moves the carrying mechanism in one direction or the other, depending
upon whether addition or subtraction is to be effected. When the pins of the
T-lever are in engagement with one notch of the quadrangular part, say the
pin 374 is in its notch, the carrying mechanism will be operated to carry one for
addition for one or more of the numerical orders; and when the pin 375 for
instance, is in engagement with its notch, the mechanism will be set so as to
carry one, for subtraction, that is to subtract one from the next higher order.
MEANS CONTROLLING CARRYING MECHANISM TO ADD OR SUBTRACT.
The T-lever 376 may be operated by any means to have its pins thrown in
engagement with one or the other notch of the quadrangular part, but is preferably
operated for this purpose by shifting the quadrangular part 373 slightly to one
side or the other, that is, slightly to the rear or to the front of the machine. This
shifting of the quadrangular part is accomplished by the spool or collar 335
previously described, upon the shaft 331 (Figs. 23, 24 and 38). One limb of the
quadrangular part 373 engages the spool 335, so that when the knob 334 of the
shaft 331 is pulled outwardly or permitted to move inwardly, the quadrangular
part will be shifted as aforesaid. This occurs at the same time that the shaft 331
is rotated by the knob 334, to change the clutch 87 from one of its wheels to the
other, to reverse the direction of rotation of the printing and registering wheels.
Thus it will be seen that the carrying mechanism is reversed in its action at the
same time that the registering mechanism proper is reversed in its action. When
one of the pins carried by the T-lever engages its notch, the other pin and other
end of the T-lever escape the opposite vertical side of the quadrangular part,
causing no interference therewith.
The pins of the T-lever will not of themselves engage the notches of the quad-
rangular part by merely shifting the quadrangular part slightly, that is to say, the
change from one pin and one notch to the other pin and the other notch cannot
be made by merely shifting the quadrangular part as explained, for the reason that
when one pin is in engagement with its notch, the other pin is below its notch.
This change is made by holding the knob 334 in one or the other position as the
case may be, and then pulling the handle 275, which latter moves the quadrangular
part 373
up and down and causes the pin which is to be made to engage its notch
to ride along its vertical limb of the quadrangular part until its notch is
encountered in the passage, when the said pin will snap into its notch and effect
the desired engagement, and the other pin will be withdrawn from its notch.
APPLIANCES ACTUATING CARRYING MECHANISM BY HANDLE CONNECTIONS.
Having shown how the T-lever which operates the carrying mechanism is
positioned and operated in one or the other direction to carry, I will now proceed
to describe the connections between the T-lever and the carrying mechanism. To

page_text: the upper end of the T-lever 376 is articulated a link 377, which is in turn
articulated to a plate 378 having forward and rearward extension arms, sustained
in bearings 379 and 380 mounted upon the left-hand side bar 340 of the fixed
frame (Figs. 4..6, 13, 23, 24, 50 and 56). The plate 378 is by the link 377 moved
back and forth by the T-lever. In a slot 381 in the plate 378 works a screw-
pin 382 carried upon the free end of an arm 382 rigidly affixed to a shaft 383,
which is supported by uprights 384 and 385 at each end, and extending respectively
from and secured to the stationary side-bars 340 and 341 of the fixed frame. The
slot 381 has a horizontal part about midway of the plate 378, and an incline part
joining another horizontal part near the top of said plate. The shaft 383 has also
connected to it arms 386 and 387 rigid to the same and forming therewith a rock-
shaft. These arms are connected by means of links 388 and 389 respectively to
the uprights 363 and 364, which are secured to the side-bars 350 and 351 of the
reciprocating frame, as previously described.
When the plate 378 is reciprocated by the T-lever, the pin upon the arm 382
travels along through the slot 381 in sai plate, from its initial position (Figs. 23
and 50) with lost motion until it encounters the diagonal or inclined part of the
slot, when the plate 378 impels the pin 382 and arm 382 forward, thereby rotating
the shaft 383 so as to swing forwardly the arms 386 and 387, thereby drawing the
links 388 and 389 forwardly so as to move forwardly the reciprocating frame 350,
351, 352 and 353 (Figs. 4, 24, 57 and 58). When the T-lever returns to its
former position, the movable frame will be impelled in the opposite direction by the
connections described, the srew-pin on arm 382 traversing the slot 381 in the
opposite direction, and moving the parts referred to in the reverse of the direction
referred to. If the parts are in their initial position to subtract as shown in
Fig. 4, where the notch in the quadrangular part is in engagement with the pin 375
of the T-lever, which is normally now in a forward position, and the screw-pin on
the end of arm 382 in the rearward horizontal part of the slot 381, and the
handle 275 is operated, the T-lever will move rearwardly and impel in that
direction the plate 378. When the pin on the arın 382 encounters the incline
part of the slot 381 the shaft 383 will be turned in an opposite direction to that
first mentioned, and will first move the reciprocating frame 350, 351, 352 and 353
in which the carrying-bars 354 are mounted, rearwardly, or in an opposite direction
to that previously described. When the connections referred to are moved in an
opposite direction, the reciprocating frame will be impelled in an opposite direction
in an evident manner, and will resume its normal position for subtracting.
POSITION.
Inasmuch as the carrying is done after the complete number is struck upon the
keys, and when the handle is pulled, but not during the operation of the keys, it
will not do in the mechanism described, to let the carrying-bars pass at once after
being suitably positioned by the carrying-teeth 349 into engagement with the
carrying-wheels 347, because this would interfere with the operation of the
registering-wheels and carrying mechanism. To obviate this I design to have
the carrying-bars when liberated by the connections described through the instru-
mentality of the carrying teeth 349, drop upon or be still held in their raised
position by some suitable means, which will permit said bars to come into engage-
iment with the carrying wheels 347 when the handle 275 is pulled. For this
purpose I provide the movable or reciprocating frame of the carrying mechanisin
with a shaft 390, supported at each end by the side bars 350 and 351 beneath the
carrying-bars, and carrying a cam or rest 391 upon which the carrying-bars 354
may drop (Fig. 51) when suitably liberated to carry in the manner hereinbefore
set forth. The shaft 390 passes through the fixed side-bar 340 (Figs. 4, 23, 24
and 56), and works in a slot in said bar. It is provided where it protrudes through

page_text: the side-bar 340 with a right-angle or bell-crank lever 392, the upper end of which
bell-crank is provided with a screw-pin 392, which works in a second slot 393 in
the plate 378, said slot having an inclined portion and a vertical portion as shown
in Figs. 4, 23, 24 and 50. The other end of the bell-crank lever 392 has upon it
a pin 394, against which is adapted to impinge a lng 395, extending downwardly
from the bottom of the plate 378, so as to operate the said bell-crank lever.
Connected to the bell-crank lever 392 by the pin 394 is a link 396 pivotally affixed
to a crank arm 397 upon the end of a rock-shaft 398, which protrudes through the
slot in the fixed side-bar 340, in which slot works the bar 353 as before described.
The shaft 398 has upon it two arms 399 and 400 which support a rod 401 (Figs. 1,
4, 6, 13, 23, 24, 51, 52, 53, 56, 57 and 58). The rod 401 by the means described
is adapted to swing in under the carrying-bars, which have not been unlatched by
the carrying-wheels, so that when the handle 275 is pulled the possibility of the
carrying-bars, which have not been positioned by the carrying mechanism to carry,
carrying is averted (Figs. 52 and 57), and said carrying-bars prevented by any
possibility from carrying. The rod 401 comes between the unoperated or raised
Carrying-bars and the carrying-bars which have fallen upon the cam 391 and made
their first drop (Figs. 51, 52 and 57).
WANECITOAD
POSITION.
Let us suppose that the carrying mechanism is positioned to carry for addition,
for instance (Fig. 23) with the screw-pin 392 on the upper end of the bell-crank
lever 392 resting in the vertical part of the slot 393 in plate 378. If the plate 378
be moved forwardly by pulling the operating handle 275 as previously described,
the upper end of the bell-crank lever 392 will be moved forwardly and the lower
part of the bell-crank lever will be moved rearwardly, drawing upon the link 396
and moving the crank-arm 397 rearwardly, thereby bringing the rod 401 beneath
the carrying bars which have remained latched, and above the carrying-bars
which have been unlatched. This occurs during the first part of the movement of
the plate 378 and handle 275, and during the time the pin 382 upon the arm 382
is travelling in the upper horizontal part of the slot 381 previously described, and
during which there is lost motion between the plate 378 and said arm 382. The
plate 378 continues to move forward the upper end of the bell-crank lever 392
until said end is moved downwardly sufficient to escape the vertical part of the
slot and encounter the inclined part thereof (Fig. 24). When the bell-crank
lever 392 gradually resumes its previous position in traveling up the incline of
the slot 393, the rod 401 is finally withdrawn from beneath the carrying-bars 354
when the upper end of the bell-crank lever reaches the top of the inclined part
of the slot 393. During the time the upper end of the bell-crank lever 392 is
traveling up the incline of the slot 393, the movable frame in which the carrying-
bars are mounted is being impelled forward to carry by the pin on the arm 382
encountering the incline part of the slot 381. While the bell-crank lever 392 has
its upper end impelled forwardly and downwardly by the forward notion of the
plate 378, it is turning the shaft 390 in such a direction as to lower the cam 391,
and cause the carrying-bars which have dropped thereon to pass into engagement
with the carrying-wheels 347, that is, from the position shown in Fig. 51 to the
position illustrated in Figs. 52 and 57. It has just been shown that this movement
of the bell-crank lever 392 takes place previous to the movement forward of the
movable frame in which the carrying-bars are mounted, consequently the unlatched
carrying-bar, or bars, are allowed to make their second drop and pass into
engagement with the carrying-wheels, before the movable frame is impelled forward,
that is, from the position shown in Fig. 52 to the position shown in Fig. 57, the
former of which views shows the mechanism just previous to carrying, and the
latter view illustrates the mechanism during carrying. It will be understood. that

page_text: the movement of the movable frame is of such extent as to move the adding or
registering wheels through one tooth, or from one character or digit on said wheels
to the next thereon only.
RAISING AND RELATCHING CARRYING BARS AFTER CARRYING.
It has been shown that there is lost motion between the plate 378 and
the screw-pin on the arm 382 which reciprocates the movable frame in which the
carrying-bars are mounted, and that this occurs during the latter part of the
forward stroke of the plate 378, as well as during the first part of the stroke of
the plate 378. The lost motion during the latter part of the stroke of the
plate 378 occurs when the screw-pin on the arm 382 is in the lower horizontal part
of the slot 381, consequently the movable frame is not moved forward during the
last part of the forward stroke of the plate 378; but during the last part of the
forward stroke of the plate 378, the screw-pin on the upper end of the bell-crank
lever 392 is still impelled up the incline of the slot 393. This latter movement.
forces the bell-crank lever to its highest position, and turns the cam 391 upwardly
to its most elevated point, slightly above its normal position (see dotted lines in
Fig. 53), which operates to raise the carrying-bars, that have been unlatched
and passed into engagement with the carrying-wheels. When the carrying-bars
are thus raised, the hooks 360 automatically engage the pins 361 on the carrying-
bars and latch said bars up in their normal position. The pins 361 on the carrying-
bars ride over the curved nose of the hooks 360, pushing said hooks aside, and the
gravity of the hook connections together with the aid of the spring 358, causes the
hooks to latch over the pins 361. It will be noted that the pin on the upper end
of the bell-crank lever 392 does not normally extend to the highest point or end
of the slot 393. A further upward movement of the upper end of the bell-crank
lever is caused by additional movement of the plate 378, which is for the purpose
of raising the cam 391 above its normal position to lift the carrying-bars to their
highest point and latch them in place. When the parts are free from restraint
they resume their normal position as set forth. It may be noted that during the
latter part of the forward stroke of the plate 378, the rod 401 (Fig. 24) is moved
from underneath the unlatched carrying-bars, but it will be remembered that at
this time the carrying has already been effected, and forward motion of the movable
frame bearing the carrying-bars has ceased by reason of the lost motion above
explained, and it will be remembered also that the cam 391 is now moving
upwardly so as to catch any carrying-bars which may have been inadvertently
unlatched since the bar 401 was moved from beneath the unlatched carrying-bars.
During the latter part of the forward stroke of the plate 378, the lug 395 thereon
may come against the pin 394 on the bell-crank lever 392 and insure the positive
movement of the parts, so that the cam 391 will be raised without fail to its highest
position, slightly above normal, to insure the relatching of the carrying-bars.
OPERATION OF CARRYING MECHANISM IN SUBTRACTION.
Now suppose the parts are in position for carrying for subtraction, for instance,
as shown in Figs. 2 and 58, the pulling of the handle 275 will move backwardly
the plate 378, the pin on the upper end of the bell-crank lever 392 is now normally
in the inclined part of the slot 393. The rearward movement of the plate 378
causes the upper end of the bell-crank lever to move downwardly and forwardly in
the inclined part of the slot 393, giving to said bell-crank lever the same motion
that it had before with reference to addition and consequently moving the cam 391
downwardly and the rod 401 beneath the unlatched carrying-bars as before.
There will be lost motion between the pin on the arın 382 and the slot 381 during
the first part of the motion of the plate 378 rearwardly, and no movement of the
movable frame until said last-mentioned pin encounters the diagonal or inclined
part of the slot 381, when the movable frame in which the carrying-bars are

page_text: mounted will be impelled rearwardly by the connections previously described.
When the plate 378 has been forced to near its extreme rearward limit, the parts
referred to will be in the position shown in Fig. 23, with the exception of the
T-lever 376, quadrangular part 373 and its connections. The further movement
of the plate 378 rearwardly brings the pin on the upper end of the bell-crank
lever 392 to its highest position to the full limit of the vertical part of the
slot 393 and removes the rod 401 from beneath the carrying-bars, and also raises
the cam 391 so as to lift the carrying-bars to their highest point, whereupon they
will be latched. When the handle 275 returns to its normal position, the plate 378
will be moved forwardly, and the same action will take place as was described with
reference to the forward movement of the parts in the position shown in Fig. 23,
with the exception that the carrying-bars being now latched, will have no effect on
the carrying-wheels, so that the carrying-bars will resume their nor nal position
idly. It will be plain from the foregoing description that correction may be made
in the work done by the machine in the manner previously described, even after
carrying has been effected.
MAINTAINING CARRYING MECHANISM IN NORMAL POSITION.
I have previously referred to the cam 391 resuming its normal position, and also
to the plate 378 being normally held in position both for adding and subtracting,
and that the screw-pins working in the slots in said plate do not normally rest at
either of the extreme ends of said slots. This position of parts is insured by the
connection of the quadrangular part with the T-lever, and by the connection of
the T-lever with the plate 378, and is also insured by a spring 402 (Fig. 56)
which is connected to the upright 363 of the movable frame at one end, and at the
other end is secured to the cam 391 in such a way as to maintain said cam in its
normal position, as shown in Figs. 51 and 53. The spring referred to not only
tends to keep said parts in their normal position, but maintains the bar 401
normally removed from the carrying-bars.
CARRYING.
I have previously explained that the adding wheels are positively locked in
position by pawls 79, except when the machine is working in a certain given order
and a key is operated, or when the adding-wheels are unlocked to be brought to
zero. It will be plain that since the carrying is done by the handle, and no key
is operated when the carrying is effected, that the adding-wheels are locked from
rotation, so that some means must be devised for the mechanism described to
unlock the carrying-wheels when carrying is to be performed. To accomplish this
I provide a lever 403 (Figs. 51, 52, 53, 57 58 and 59) for each carrying bar.
These levers are hung upon a shaft 404, so they may swing independently of said
shaft and independently of one another. The said shaft 404 is supported at each
end in the side frames 340 and 341 of the fixed frame. They each have a pin 4.15,
which is adapted to be engaged by one or the other of two notches 406 and 407
in each of the carrying bars 354, when the said carrying-bars are permitted to
drop the second time (Figs. 52 and 57). The ends of the levers 403 are slotted
in two directions, at right-angles to each other. In the slot in the plane of each
lever 403 takes the T-end of a lever 408 having a pin 409 thereon (Fig. 60)
which rests and plays in the other slot in the levers 403. The levers 408 pass
downwardly and are pivotally connected to their respective locking-pawls 79
between the fulcrum 80 and the locking-nose thereof (Fig. 53). When any
lever 403 is vibrated in one or the other direction on its fulerum 404, by the
reciprocation of its carrying-bar 354 which has dropped and engaged its pin 405
on said lever 403, it bears against the upper end of the lever 408, depresses the

page_text: same, (the lower end of said lever 403 acting like a cam) and unlocks the gear-
wheel of the adding-wheels, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 53.
The parts for adding are in the position shown in Fig. 51. During the first
part of the movement of the handle 275 they occupy the position shown in
Fig. 52, wherein the notch 407 is in engagement with the pin 40. Further
movement of the handle 275 moves forward the reciprocating frame in which the
carrying-bars are mounted, and causes the lever 403 to occupy the position shown
in Fig. 57, in which position it causes the lever 408 to be depressed and to unlock
its pawl 79, as previously described. If the parts are in position, say for
subtracting (Fig. 58) the carrying-bars 354 will be in such position that when
they drop, the notch 406 therein, instead of the notch 407 as previously described,
will engage the pin 405 when the handle is pulled and any of the carrying-bars
are unlatched. The backward movement of the reciprocating frame, bearing the
carrying-bars, will then move the lever 403 in an opposite direction to that shown
in Fig. 57, but will depress the lever 408 the same as before, and unlock the
pawls 79 automatically, as explained.
Where a frictional or non-positive means is employed to keep the adding-wheels
at zero, the unlocking devices acting in conjunction with the carrying mechanism
to unlock the adding-wheels, may be dispensed with.
It will be noted that my adding machine is reversible throughout. Not only
can the registering mechanisin proper and the carriage be reversed in direction of
motion as and for the purposes previously set forth, but the carrying mechanism
can also be reversed to carry for addition or subtraction at will. My carrying
mechanism may be used with forms of adding machines other than that herein
described, and 1 do not wish to limit such mechanism to use with any particular
kind of adding machine. And on the other hand, other forms of carrying
mechanism may be used with my machine, and I do not wish to confine myself to
any particular form of carrying mechanism, except when otherwise stated in my
claims.
The motor mechanism, the escapement mechanism, the carriage mechanism, and
the carrying and other mechanisnis herein set forth, while dependent upon each
other to a certain extent in my machine, are independent of each other when
broadly considered, and may be replaced with other forms of mechanism without
departing from my invention.
MODIFICATION of Foregoing MACHINE TO ADAPT it for the BRITISH
MONETARY SYSTEM.
To adapt the foregoing machine for the British monetary system, it is necessary
to make but a few changes, the main features of the machine being the same as
before. Fig. 12, Sheet 15, is a plan view of a part of the machine, showing such
modifications, this view corresponding to Fig. 12 of Sheet 5, but omitting many of
the features shown in the latter-mentioned figure. Fig. 13, Sheet 16, is another
view showing the modifications to adapt the foregoing machine for British money,
and corresponds to Fig. 13 of Sheet 6, but omits many of the features shown in
the latter figure, as they are the same in the modified machine as in the foregoing
machine. Figs. 55, 55, 55 and 55 of Sheet 16, are isometric views allustrating
the carrying-wheels as modified for the British machine, and correspond to Fig. 55
of Sheet 13. Figs. 534 and 53 of Sheet 17, are side views of the slightly modified
carrying mechanism for the British machine, and correspond to Fig. 53 of Sheet 13,
the parts in these latter figures which are heavily shaded representing the parts
which are modified to make the necessary adaptation. Figs. 13 and 13 are detail

page_text: views illustrating modifications of the type-wheel locking-pawls illustrated in
Fig. 13 of Sheet 6, to adapt said parts for the British machine.
The same marks of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in
Sheets 15, 16 and 17, illustrating the British machine, as in the other sheets of
drawings. For the British machine, I provide two additional numbered keys, 10
and 11, making twelve numbered keys instead of ten as previously described, the
number of key-bars 118 being also correspondingly increased. employ also
twelve upright rods 111, having escapement racks which engage a corresponding
number of escapement. wheels upon the escapement shaft 107 as previously
described. I use also the axially-moving wheels 83 and 84 connected by a
sleeve 82 and sliding upon a shaft 81 rotated by the motor as before. For adding
and subtracting pounds the machine is in all respects substantially the same as
previously described.
To add or subtraci and print shillings I employ two type-wheels in both the
adding and printing wheels, each type-wheel having a gear-wheel 75 secured
thereto as previously described, and meshing into idle-wheels 78. One of the said
wheels or type-disks for shillings is engraved with the numbers 0 to 9 repeated
twice thereon for printing and indicating the units of shillings. The other type-
wheel of shillings is engraved with the numbers 0 and 1 only repeated thereon
twelve times in the adding-wheels 71, but in the printing-wheels the tens shilling
wheel may be engraved from 0 to 9 repeated twice.
When the machine is properly operated either in adding or subtracting only
two sets of the characters 0 and 1 would be brought into use on the tens shilling
printing-wheel, but if a wrong key, say any key other than 1 or 0, were operated
when the machine was working in the tens of shillings order, the printing-wheels
should indicate and print the error. For this reason I engrave the tens shilling
printing-wheel as set forth. Inasmuch as the units of shillings carries only at
the tens point, the units carrying mechanism of shillings is the same as the
carrying-wheels previously described and as used for pounds. The tens carrying-
wheel for shillings inasmuch as it must carry every other time such wheel
registers, is provided with five carrying teeth, a tooth corresponding to every
other tooth being a carrying tooth 349, as illustrated in Fig. 55, Sheet 16, the
carrying-wheel for the units of shillings, as well as for pounds, being as illustrated
in Fig. 55, and having only one carrying tooth 349.
When, however, farthings or pence are to be added or subtracted, modifications
are necessary in the proportions of the gear-wheels as the ten or decimal system
cannot be followed. For these denominations, I adopt twenty-four or twelve as
the basis of operation. A single type-disk is preferably used for farthings and
also a single type-disk for pence. The latter has the numbers from 0 to 11
engraved thereon and repeated twice, and the former has the characters 0 to 3
repeated thereon six times for the adding-disks.
The printing-wheel of farthings is preferably provided with characters 0 to 11
repeated twice, although when the machine is properly operated, only two sets of
the characters 0 to 3 are brought into use, Should however any other numbered
key than 0 to 3 be accidentally struck when the machine is working in farthings
the farthings wheel should indicate the error. This it will do when the farthings
printing-wheel is provided with characters as described.
Upon each of the type-disks for farthings and pence I secure a spur-wheel 75
having twenty-four teeth of the same size as before, which spur-wheel is con-
sequently larger in diameter than the spur-wheels 75 upon the shillings and pound,
type-disks, which latter spur-wheels have only twenty teeth, as will be seen by
reference to Figs. 12 and 13ª. It becomes necessary therefore to enlarge the
type-disks of farthings and pence slightly and to enlarge also the other type-
disks, so that they will all be of the same size, that is the pounds and shillings
type-disks of the same diameter as the farthings and pence type-disks, whereby
all the type-disks will present an even printing surface. The type-disks of the
pounds and shillings wheel are therefore somewhat larger than the spur-wheel 75

page_text: attached thereto, and the type-disks of the farthings and pence wheel are about
the same diameter as the spur-wheels attached thereto.
Into the spur-wheels of the pence and farthings wheels having twenty-four
teeth as described gear spur-wheel idlers, 78, having ten teeth and consequently
being of smaller diameter than the idle-wheels 78 which gear into the spur-wheels
attached to the type-disks of the shillings and pounds wheels, which latter idlers
have twelve teeth and gear inio the somewhat smaller spur-wheels upon the type-
disks of the shillings and pounds spur-wheels, having twenty teeth only. It
will therefore be evident that the axially-moving wheels 83 and 84 will be out
of mesh with the idle-wheels of the farthings and pence wheels when opposite
them, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13. The axially-moving wheels 82 and 83 just
The
clear the idle-wheels of the farthings and pence wheels when opposite them.
reason for adopting the proportions described is to permit the same keys and
escapement to rotate the type-disks of the different denominations to the requisite
amount, that is, no more or no less than necessary for each and every denomination,
and at the same time to accomplish this purpose in a simple way.
I have previously described that the axially-moving wheels 83 and 84, the
shaft 81 carrying the same and the motor connections and gearing therefor are
mounted upon the oscillating frame previously described, which is normally held so
that the axially-moving wheels in the first described machine engage with the idle-
wheels 78. I have just explained that in the British machine these axially-moving
wheels do not engage with the idle-wheels of the farthings and pence wheels when
opposite them, so that some means must be devised to put the axially-moving
wheels in engagement with the idle-wheels of the farthings and pence wheels, when
it is desired to add or subtract farthings and pence. For this purpose I, by
preference, provide a key 410, located preferably at the left-hand side of the
machine, and extending from the arm 292 attached to the side frame 68 of the
oscillating frame carrying the axially-moving wheels. This arm 292 in the British
machine preferably rests against a pin 411 about which is coiled a helical
spring 412, the upper end of which bears upon a piece 413, secured to said pin.
The pin 411 passes through two ears or horizontal lugs 414 and 415, between which
the spring 412 is arranged, said lugs being upon the stationary side frame 66 of
the machine. If need be, and there preferably should be, a spring-actuated pin
of this character at the other side of the machine upon the other stationary side
frame, upon which the spring-piu the arm 293, extending from the other side frame
of the oscillating frame of the machine, bears.
When it is desired to add or subtract farthings and pence, the key 410 is
depressed with a finger of the left hand, leaving the right hand free to manipulate
the numbered keys. Operating the key 410 depresses the spring-actuated pins 411
and throws the oscillating frame slightly forward, just enough to cause the
axially-moving wheels 83 and 84 to engage the idle-wheels 78 of the farthings
wheel, so that when the numbered keys are operated the farthings wheel will be
turned the proper amount.. By putting down the nine key for instance, the
farthings wheel will not be rotated through nine-twentieths of a revolution as in
the machine first described, but will be rotated owing to the differential gear
adopted through nine-twenty-fourths of a revolution. If the nine key be now
allowed to rise while the key 410 is held down by a finger of the left hand, the
carriage will feed the axially-moving wheels automatically in mesh with the idle-
wheels of the pence wheels. When another key is depressed the required number
of pence will be added, and after allowing the numbered key to rise, and removing
the finger from the key 410, the oscillating frame will be caused by the springs 412
to resume its normal position and the carriage will automatically feed the axially-
moving wheels in engagement with the units idle-wheels of shillings.
The numbered keys may now be operated and the carriage will automatically
feed the axially-moving wheels along through the idle-wheels of the shillings and
pounds wheels, it being unnecessary to hold down the key 410 for this purpose so
far as the shillings and pounds wheels are concerned. The 10 and 11 keys need

page_text: not be used when adding or subtracting shillings and pounds. So, too, only
the 0, 1, 2 and 3 numbered keys are used in working in farthings. When working
in shillings and pounds, the type-wheels of the shillings and pounds will be rotated
by the depression of a numbered key other than 0 through a divisor of twenty,
and not a divisor of twenty-four, like the farthings and pence wheels, as the
spur-wheels upon the shillings and pounds wheels have but twenty teeth.
It is necessary in carrying out the foregoing proportions and number of teeth to
modify the carrying-wheels of farthings and pence. The farthings carrying-
wheel 347 is provided with twelve teeth and has three carrying-tecth 349 as
illustrated in Fig. 55 of Sheet 16. The carrying-wheel for pence is likewise
provided with twelve teeth but has only a single carrying tooth 349 as illustrated
in Fig. 55, Sheet 16.
It follows of course that owing to the carrying-wheels 347 of the farthings and
pence wheel being provided with twelve teeth of the same size as the other
wheels, said carrying-wheels for farthings and pence are necessarily larger in
diameter than the other carrying-wheels having only ten teeth of the same size,
and hence the carrying-bars 354 and bell-crank levers 356, of the carrying
mechanism for the farthings and pence wheels must be slightly modified. For
this purpose I change the shape of the carrying-bar 354 slightly for the farthings
and pence wheels, and also the shape of the bell-crank lever 356 slightly for
said wheels, bending or cutting said carrying-bars and the free ends of said
bell-crank levers 356 upward a little, as shown in Fig. 534, Sheet 17, so that
said carrying-bars and the teeth upon the end of the bell-crank levers 356 will
properly co-operate with the carrying-wheels of farthings and pence and with the
carrying-teeth upon said wheels. The modification of these parts may be seen by
comparing them with the same parts shown in Fig. 53" of Sheet 17, which
represents the usual construction of said parts, as used for shillings and pounds.
In these figures I have shaded the parts referred to, in order to more clearly
indicate the slight change made therein.
In Figs. 13 and 13, Sheet 17, are illustrated the modifications necessary in the
type-wheel locking-pawls 79 in order to adapt them to the spur-wheels 75 of two
different sizes in the British machine.
In the British machine 1 may dispense entirely with the aligning-bar 261
previously described with reference to the first described machine; or I may
modify the same so as to have it properly strike up into the differential gear of the
idle-wheels 78; or I may use such a bar for the idle-wheels of the shillings and
pounds wheels only.
It will be understood that substantially all the parts of the first described
machine remain substantially the same as at first described, with perhaps certain
obvious changes necessary to adapt the machine for the British monetary system.
Other ways and changes may be adopted to adapt the first described machine to
the British monetary system without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Dated this 27th day of March 1894.
Sponents in or connected with Calculating or Arithmetical
Machines.
I, WILLIAM WALLACE HOPKINS, a citizen of the United States of America,
residing at Bank of Commerce Building, Olive Street, St. Louis, in the State of
Missouri, Clergyman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
CLASS OF ADDING MACHINE TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES.
My invention relates more especially to that class of adding machines which are
suitably controlled by keys, and more particularly appertains to an adding machine
in which a carriage, or travelling member, moves automatically from order to order
as the numbered keys are operated. Many features of the present invention are
applied to adding, subtracting and recording machines generally.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION.
One object of my invention is to construct a commercial adding machine, which
shall have the least possible number of keys, so as not to confuse the mind, and to
lessen the liability of making mistakes in using such machine.
In the key-
operated adding machines now on the market (that is now in commercial use and
with which I am familiar), a great multiplicity of keys are required, a set of digit
keys for each numerical order being employed. Where there are many numerical
orders the number of keys necessarily becomes very great, ranging from eighty-one
to ninety keys to meet ordinary commercial requirements.
Another object of my invention is to make the key-resistance as light as possible,
and to construct an adding machine in which the key-resistance will be uniform
and the depression of the keys the same for one key as for another.
Another object of my invention is to simplify and improve the mechanical
construction of adding machines, and to make them more durable, requiring less
adjustment and repairing than machines of this character generally demand, also to
render such machines less liable to get out of order and make mistakes, and
enabling them to stand hard commercial usage successfully, and at the same time to
be rapid in action.
Still another object of my invention is to print the numbers added or subtracted,
and the sum or difference thereof; also to print the same in such a manner as to be
readily visible to the operator, the numbers being printed upon a bulletin sheet
preferably standing in front of the machine, and directly opposite the operator, and
recorded on that side of the bulletin sheet facing the operator.
A further object of my invention is to construct a machine which will both add
and substract, and in which corrections can be made in the work performed by the
machine by subtracting the amount accidentally added, and then adding the correct
amount afterwards.
Another object of my invention is to construct an adding machine in which over-
rotation of the registering or adding mechanism is prevented and mistakes guarded
against, and for this purpose I construct a carrying mechanistn, which is brought
into operation after the number has been added, and by a deliberate movement, so
as to move the registering or adding mechanism but one tooth in carrying.
Still another object of my invention is to construct a carrying mechanism which
will operate both for adding and subtracting.
A further object of my invention is to provide means whereby the machine
may be adjusted to commence at the beginning, left hand or highest order of
numbers in adding or subtracting, instead of beginning at the units or right hand
end of numbers.
Another object of my invention is to construct an adding machine in which the
work is performed by a motor, and in which the keys liberate and control
mechanism for governing the motor, but do not by preference themselves, perform
the work of operating the registering and carrying mechanism, whereby, among
other things, the object of making the key resistance uniform, as stated above, is
secured.
Another object of my invention is to store power for the motor by a handle

page_text: manually operated, which handle may also bring the carriage or travelling member,
to its starting point when operated, and may also feed the paper for recording or
printing the next number, effect the carrying and feed the ink ribbon.
A further object of my invention is to provide a means for bringing the
mechanism for printing and recording the numbers registered to zero, and their
starting point, after each number has been added, and which means may be
controlled by the manually-operated handle referred to above.
A still further object of my invention is to provide a means for bringing the
adding-wheels to zero after the taking of any sum or difference, and when another
series of numbers are to be added, and which means may be operated also by the
handle aforesaid when said means is suitably brought into requisition by additional
devices also operated at will.
Another object of my invention is to provide means for positively locking each
of the printing and adding wheels when the same are not in active operation.
A further object of my invention is to positively gear the motor to the adding
and printing wheels in such a manner that a given movement of the motor will
produce a certain given movement of the printing and adding wheels, thereby
insuring positive predetermined movement of the parts, and recording the exact
number registered by the machine.
The invention has many other objects in view, too numerous to mention, which
will be apparent from the construction to be hereinafter set forth in detail, and
some of which latter-mentioned objects will be pointed out hereinafter.
GENERAL PLAN OF MACHINE.
I will first set forth generally my invention, and the general plan of my
machine, and will then describe in full the details thereof, in order to have the
invention more readily understood, and to advise one beforehand what the general
characteristics of my machine are. The machine has preferably only ten keys
corresponding to the digits, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. These keys, when depressed,
unlock a motor, and so govern an escapement mechanism, that the motor is
permitted to rotate and revolve the registering wheels exactly proportional to the
key depressed. On one side of the machine, say the right hand side, is a series of
type-wheels, which, for purposes of convenience, I will designate hereinafter as the
printing wheels, inasmuch as their only function is to print the numbers which are
registered by the machine, and caused to be so registered by the operation of the
keys. These wheels are loosely mounted or journalled upon, preferably, a hori-
zontal shaft, and correspond in number to the number of numerical orders the
machine has. Upon the other side, say the left hand side of the machine, is a
corresponding set of wheels, but which may be greater in number than the printing
wheels. They are similarly arranged, and are preferably, also loosely mounted or
journalled upon the same shaft. The latter-mentioned wheels work in conjunction
with the carrying mechanism, and are provided with type to print or indicate
the sum of or the difference between the numbers registered by the machine.
The chief function of these last mentioned wheels being to register the result, that
is to indicate the result principally of addition or of subtraction, I, for purposes
of convenience, will hereinafter refer to them as the registering or adding
wheels.
Both the adding and printing wheels may be geared respectively to a corre-
sponding number of idle wheels loosely mounted or journalled upon a parallel shaft.
Into the teeth of any corresponding two idle wheels of the same numerical order of
both the printing and adding wheels, may take respectively two gear wheels
capable of axial movement, rotated by the motor. These last-mentioned gear
wheels are preferably connected together and carried by a shaft and moved axially
by a carriage, which, preferably after each key is operated, travels along step by
step from order to order, being in engagement with and turning preferably first
the units idle wheel of both the printing and adding wheels, and then progressing

page_text: step-by-step to the other numerical orders of both the printing and adding wheels,
and turning said wheels to an extent proportionate to the key depressed each time.
As the carriage proceeds from order to order and the keys are depressed, the
printing and adding wheels are unlocked in the order in which the axially-moving
gear wheels are, and are automatically locked as the carriage leaves any numerical
order and proceeds to the next. As the adding wheels in the different orders are
rotated, said adding wheels preferably suitably position the carrying mechanism so
as to carry when required. Each number registered and added by the machine is
recorded by the printing wheels upon a strip of paper which is, by preference,
arranged in front of the printing wheels bearing the type, so as to be before and
readily visible to the operator and so form a bulletin sheet, the printing platen and
impression-taking devices being in turn arranged in front of the paper, but not in
such a manner as to obscure or cover the number printed each time. After each
number is printed, the paper is preferably fed for the next number, and the carriage
moved to its starting point. After the sum or difference is registered by the
machine, the numbers upon the adding wheels may be printed below the column of
figures either by observing the numbers upon such wheels, and striking keys to
correspond with the digits of said numbers, or the paper and impression-taking
devices may be shifted to the other side of the machine and the numbers registered
by the adding wheels printed direct from said adding wheels by striking the zero
key, or in any other suitable manner.
After any given number is registered, and it is desired to add or subtract another
number, the printing wheels are brought to zero by suitable connections. Mechanism
must also be provided, of course, to bring the adding wheels to zero, after any
addition or subtraction is made, and it is desired to commence anew upon another
mathematical calculation.
Any means or kind of a motor may be used to rotate the printing and adding
heels, such, for the latter instance, as a motor operated by any motive power supplied
thereto. Such a motor may be a mechanical motor wound by hand at suitable intervals
when run down, or a motor may be used which will have power stored in it each time a
number is added or subtracted, by suitably operating some part or member for this
purpose. The latter form of motor 1 prefer, because it renders the machine self-
contained. Such a latter-mentioned motor may have power stered in it by the same
handle or device which the operator operates each time to feed the paper. This same
handle may also control the devices to bring the printing wheels to zero each time,
and these constructions I have preferably adopted in the present machine. This
same handle may also bring the carriage to its starting point, and this is another
construction which I preferably adopted in the present machine. The carriage in
being moved to its starting point by the handle, may have power stored in a second
motor which may be governed by a step-by-step escapeinent controlled by the
keys to impel the carriage. This motor for purposes of convenience, and to avoid
confusion with the main motor referred to above, I will denominate the carriage
motor, and the escapement controlled thereby I will hereafter refer to as the
carriage escapement. Instead of employing a carriage motor and carriage escape-
ment mechanism, a mechanism by which the keys themselves propel the carriage,
or store power for its propulsion upon the up-rise of the keys, may be used. The
mechanism for storing power in the motors from the handle, is so designed as to
store into the motors only the amount of power which has been expended by the
motors, it being just the amount of power required by the motors to complete their
full complement of stored energy.
I prefer also to have the pulling of the handle effect the carrying, as this throws
less work upon the motor and requires a smaller motor of less power to be used.
The motor merely rotates the printing and adding wheels of each numerical order
corresponding to the keys struck, and the said adding wheels position the carrying
mechanism, so that it carries and turns the adding wheels, when the handle is
operated, through one tooth when it is necessary to carry from any given order to
the next higher. The operation of automatically unlocking the desired adding

page_text: wheel or wheels also takes place when the handle is pulled and carrying is to be
effected. The main reason for adopting this construction wherein the handle
actuates the carrying mechanism, is that where the motor itself operates the
carrying mechanism, or where the carrying and ali operations are performed when
the keys are depressed, there is liability of the wheels over-rotating or failing to
properly perform their functions by reason, among other things, of lacking time in
which to do the required work. By my construction the carrying is done by a
deliberate movement of the handle, and over-rotation is guarded against. In no
instance in my machine, at the striking of any key, is a greater number than nine
ever added, and that only in the order in which the machine is working, and when
proper appliances are adopted over-rotation or liability of the machine to err is
taken away. So also, positive gearing and connection being used between the
motor, its escapement and the printing and adding wheels, the machine may be said
to be infallible in its work. The handle may also perform certain incidental
functions which it is not necessary now to mention.
By merely reversing the direction of rotation of the shaft carrying the axially-
moving gear wheels, the machine may be made to add or subtract at pleasure, the
motor running always in the same direction. To effect this purpose a clutch is
preferably provided, which may be operated by a suitable knob terminating upɔn
the outside of the machine conveniently for the operator.
The depressing of one or more of the ten keys of the machine and the pulling of
the handle by the operator is all that is needed to be done to perform addition or
subtraction, and this may be done with nearly the same facility and expedition
that an ordinary commercial type-writer can have its key struck, the paper fed
and the carriage brought to its starting point after the end of a line is reached.
In setting forth my invention and my machine embodying one form thereof, I do
not wish to imply that all of said features must be used in a machine in order to
embody may invention. In setting forth specifically the machine illustrated in my
drawings, I wish to have it distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to
the details of construction set forth, excepting, however, when the details are
claimed in the claims making a part hereof, as I am aware that various constructions
may be devised to carry out the principles of my invention, and that some of the
mechanisms herein set forth may be simplified and still embody my invention.
By the terms "registering machine"" registering wheels" and " registering
mechanism" used herein, I include and mean any machine, wheels or mechanism
which calculate or count numbers. In making use of the term carriage herein, I
include any device or mechanism which moves from order to order, whether the
same reciprocates or not to perform said function, and in mentioning adding or
registering wheels, I include any equivalent therefor which will answer the purpose
of indicating calculations, and do not necessarily confine myself to wheels for this
purpose. So too, in referring herein to printing wheels, I do not wish to necessarily
limit my invention to wheels being used for printing, but include an appliance
beating printing characters whether it be a wheel or other device. And by the
term handle, used herein, I include a treadle, key or device which perform the
functions of said handle.
WHAT THE INVENTION CONSISTS IN.
The invention consists in a novel form of variable escapement for the motor
which preferably, operates the printing and adding mechanism, and in a novel
means for controlling said escapement by the finger keys. Also in a novel means
of gearing the motor to the printing and adding mechanism, as well as a novel
means for storing power in the motor proportional to the amount of work done, or
the power required by the motor.
The invention also consists in a novel form of mechanism or escapement for
governing the travelling ringe with micabl
fire twill: the cams
..
The invention consists in a novel form of variable escapement for the motor
which preferably, operates the printing and adding mechanism, and in a novel
means for controlling said escapement by the finger keys. Also in a novel means
of gearing the motor to the printing and adding mechanism, as well as a novel
means for storing power in the motor proportional to the amount of work done, or
the power required by the motor.
The invention also consists in a novel form of mechanism or escapement for
governing the travelling earrings, with suitable means for controlling the came, by

page_text: the finger keys which govern the operation of the motor upon the printing or adding
mechanism.
The invention further consists in means for reversing the direction of the motor
so as to change the machine into an adding or subtracting machine at will.
The invention further consists in a means for recording in the manner here-
tofore indicated, the numbers added or subtracted, and also means for recording
the result.
The invention further consists in a means for operating such printing mechanism
by means of the escapement controlling the adding mechanism.
The invention further consists in means for reversing the direction of the carriage
to begin at either end of a number.
The invention also consists in a novel carrying mechanism, and in means whereby
said mechanisin may be made to perform the function of carrying both for addition
and subtraction.
The invention further consists in means for feeding the paper upon which the
numbers are recorded, which means is operated by the manually-controlled handle,
by which power is stored in the motor for propelling the adding and printing
mechanism, or the carriage brought to its starting point.
The invention also consists in a novel means for normally locking the printing
and adding wheels, and in means for unlocking said wheels when the machine is
working in any given order and the keys are operated.
The invention also consists in means for bringing the carriage to a starting point,
preferably operated by the manually-controlled handle for winding the motor which
impels the printing and adding mechanism.
The invention further consists in means for bringing the printing wheels to their
normal position each time said handle is pulled, and also in means for bringing the
adding wheels to zero, the said latter means when properly positioned being also,
operated by the said handle.
The invention also consists in novel means for controlling and reversing the
inking ribbon for printing,
The invention also consists in certain features and details of construction, and in
various combinations of the means, features and details referred to above, all of
which will be set forth in detail and then particularly pointed out in the claims at
the end hereof.
DESCRIPTION OF VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS.
The invention will be best understood by referring to the drawings left with the
Provisional Specification making part of this Specification, and in which :
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a front elevation of an adding, subtracting and recording
machine made in accordance with one form of my invention.
Figs. 2 and 3 are detailed isometric views respectively on an enlarged scale, of
the printing hammer, and a part of the carriage.
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, is a side elevation of the machine shown in Fig. 1, as seen by
looking from the left side of the machine.
Fig. 5 is an isometric view on an enlarged scale, of a detail showing a part of
the printing hammer-controlling mechanism.
Fig. 6, Sheet 3, is a side elevation looking from the other, or right hand side of
the machine, with the side frames re-similar to those shown in Fig. 4 removed to
better show the construction.
Fig. 7 is an isometric view on an enlarged scale of the paper-feeding and part of
the paper-carriage mechanism.
Fig. 8 is an isometric view on an enlarged scale, of a detail illustrating one of
the printing ribbon-carrying rollers.
Fig. 9, Sheet 4, is a rear elevation of the foregoing machine.
Fig. 10 is an isometric view on a slightly enlarged scale, of part of the

page_text: escapement mechanism, snowing also the priming manare
operated thereby.
Fig. 11 is a rear view of details, illustrating the travelling carriage, the axially-
moving wheels carried thereby, the propelling shaft for said wheels, and a clutch
for reversing the direction of rotation of said shaft.
Fig. 12, Sheet 5, is a plan or top view of siid machine with the carrying
mechanism removed.
Fig. 13, Sheet 6, is a vertical longitudinal cross-sectional view taken on the plan
of line 13, 13 of Fig. 1, a little to the right of the center of the machine, looking
from the right hand side of the machine, as shewn by the arrows to the line 13, 13
of Fig. 1.
Figs. 14 and 15 are detail views on an enlarged scale, showing the printing
hammer connection, which is operated by the escapement racks shown in Fig. 10,
and illustrating two different positions of the parts.
Fig. 16 is a detail view on an enlarged scale, illustrating one of the idle gear-
wheels, intermediate the printing and adding wheels and the motor-driven or
axially-moving wheels, and showing a device for aligning said wheels and
maintaining them in proper co-incident radial positions.
Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 are detail views illustrating the carriage
escapement enlarged.
Figs. 23 and 24, Sheet 7, are side elevations of the machine, looking from the
left hand side thereof, and representing the same with the main side frames nearest
the observer removed, said views representing two different positions of some of
the parts, and Fig. 23 delineating the apparatus with the oscillating side frame
nearest the observer, removed to more clearly show the parts.
Fig. 25, Sheet 8, is a sectional plan or top view taken considerably below the
center of the machine, beneath the adding and printing mechanism and paper roll,
to clearly illustrate the carriage mechanism, the winding mechanism for the motor
and the key bars.
Fig. 26 is an isometric view illustrating in detail on an enlarged scale, a part
of the carriage mechanism.
Fig. 27, Sheet 9, is a vertical, longitudinal cross-sectional view taken on the
plane of the line 27, 27 of Fig. 1, at the right hand side of the machine, just
beyond the printing wheels and gearing therefor, and looking from the left hand
side of the machine, as shown by the arrows to the line 27, 27 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 28 is an isometric view on an enlarged scale of a device shown in cross-
section in Fig. 16, for aligning the idle wheels intermediate the printing and
adding wheels, and, motor-driving or axially-moving wheels, to maintain said idle,
printing and adding wheels in proper co-incident radial positions, a cross-section
of said device and its connections being clearly delineated in Fig. 27.
Fig. 29 is an isometric view of a part of the devices for operating the printing
hammer, said devices and connecting parts being clearly illustrated by side view
in Fig. 27, and said Fig. 29, as well as all of the remaining figures of the drawings,
being on an enlarged scale.
Fig. 30 is a sectional view of the printing-ribbon spool at the left hand side of
the machine.
Fig. 31, Sheet 10, is an isometric view of the motor and its gearing.
Fig. 32 is an isometric view (with the motor omitted) of part of the motor
gearing shown in Fig. 31, looking at the same from an opposite point of view
from Fig. 31, both of the latter views delineating the clutch for reversing the
direction of rotation of the driven and driving shaft to add or subtract at
pleasure.
Fig. 33 is an isometric view of a type-wheel and gear wheel attached thereto,.
which may be used for printing the numbers registered by the machine.
Fig. 34 is a similar view to the latter, but illustrating a type wheel which may
be used in the adding mechanisin to print the sum of or difference between
numbers, and make a dotted line above the same.

page_text: .
Fig. 35 is a view illustrating work which may be done on the machine, and
showing the dotted line last referred to.
Figs. 36 and 37, Sheet 11, are isometric views of the knob and co-operating
means for reversing the direction of rotation to add or subtract.
Fig. 38 is an isometric view showing the reversing mechanism for adding or
subtracting at will in its entirety, and also illustrating in part the devices for
bringing the adding wheels to zero after a sum or difference is ascertained.
Fig. 39 is an isometric view of devices for co-operating to bring the printing
wheels to zero each time the adding or subtracting of a number is completed and
the handle is pulled.
Fig. 40 is an isometric view of the sliding sleeve carrying the cams for unlocking
the type wheel pawls of both the printing and adding wheels as the keys are
operated, it forming a part of the travelling carriage.
Figs. 41 to 46 inclusive are detail views of devices for suitably rotating the idle
wheels shown in many of said figures, to bring the printing wheels to zero when
required.
Figs. 47 and 48 are isometric views illustrating principally part of the printing
mechanism.
Fig. 49, Sheet 12, is an isometric view illustrating details of construction.
Figs. 50 to 60 inclusive are detail views of the carrying mechanism, Figs. 50, 54,
55, 59 and 60 being isometric views, Fig. 56 a plan of the carrying mechanism, an
the remaining figures side views, variously illustrating the parts, and showing some
of them in different positions.
I will now proceed to set forth specifically the details of the machine referred
to, by reference to the drawings, in which the same marks of reference indicate
the same parts throughout the several views.
FRAMING OF MACHINE.
Having now reference to Figs. 1, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25 and 27, 65 is the
base plate of the machine upon which is mounted two upright stationary frames 63
and 67. Upon the rearwardly extended base of said upright stationary frames 63
and 67 respectively, are mounted frames 68 and 69 swung upon a shaft 70, parallel
with and near the base plate 65. These fixed uprights and oscillating side frames
support the mechanism of the machine, with a few exceptions. The framing of
the machine may be varied to suit the constructor's fancy.
ADDING AND PRINTING WHEELS AND GEARING THEREFOR.
The adding or registering wheels are represented at the left-hand side of the
machine, and are designated by the numeral 71, (Figs. 1, 12, 23, 24 and 34) an
the printing wheels on the right-hand side of the machine designated by the
numeral 72, (Figs. 1, 6, 12, 13 and 33) a space being preferably left between
the adding and printing wheels, and between said wheels and the side frames.
All of these wheels are loosely mounted or journalled upon a shaft 73, (Figs. 4, 6,
12, 13, 23, 24, 27, 38, 49 and 53) which is fixed at its ends in the stationary
frames 66 and 67. The adding or registering wheels are shown more particularly
in Fig. 34, Sheet 10, and the printing wheels in Fig. 33, same sheet. The adding
wheels consist preferably of steel disks, the peripheries of which are provided with
type bearing digits, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, which are, by preference, in
the present machine, repeated in two series thereon in regular succession. The
digits may be, however, suitably engraved upon the periphery of the steel disks.
Between the digits upon the adding wheels may be a projecting lip or ridge 74.
the outer surface of which is flush with the impression surface of the digits upon
said wheels, so that when an impression is taken from a series of such wheels
placed side by side, a dotted line will be drawn as illustrated in Fig. 35 above the
digits in the number registered by the adding wheels. The printing wheels are

page_text: Upon the
is also fixed a spur-pinion 92, which meshes into a large wheel 93 arranged upon
a collar 94 loosely mounted upon a stud 95. The collar 94 has fast upon it a
spur-pinion wheel 96 which meshes into a large spur-wheel 97 below the spur-
wheel 93 before referred to. The spur-wheel 97 is loosely journalled upon a
shaft. 98, one end of which is fixedly mounted in the oscillating side frame 68,
and the other end likewise carried in the oscillating side frame 69.
shaft 98 is freely or loosely mounted a drum 99 containing within its interior
a coiled motor spring 100 (Fig. 13) similar to the main spring of a clock or
watch, the inner end of which coiled motor spring 100 is attached to the
shaft 98, and the outer end thereof to the drum 99. To the head or end of
this drum adjacent to the spur-wheel 97 is attached a ratchet-wheel 101, which
is, together with the drum, suitably impelled by the coiled motor spring 100.
Fast to the spur-wheel 97 is a pawl 102 (Fig. 13) which is adapted to take
into the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 101, it being kept up to its work by a
spring 103 (Figs. 6 and 13). This pawl and ratchet connection is provided
to enable the motor to be wound without rotating the train of gearing described.
From the previous description it will be seen that the motor rotates the
sleeve 89 carrying the spur-wheel 88 and 91 always in the same direction, this
direction being iudicated by arrows in the drawings of Figs. 31 and 32. The
spur-wheel 88 rotates the spur-wheel 86, clutch 87 and shaft 81 in the direction
also indicated by arrows.
The spur-wheel 91 carried by the same sleeve 89 to which the spur-wheel 88 is
affixed, does not mesh directly into the spur-wheel 85, but first meshes into a spur
wheel 104 loosely mounted upon a stud 105 extending from the oscillating or
movable side frame 68, which also supports the shaft 81 and the stud 90, sustaining
the wheels 88 and 91 as before described. The wheel 104 meshes into the spur-
wheel 85. The effect of interposing this wheel 104 is to drive the wheel 85 in the
opposite direction to the wheel 86, the direction of rotation of the said wheel being
indicated by arrows in Figs. 31 and 32. It will be noted that while the wheel 86
is coupled to the shaft 81 by the clutch and is being driven by the motor, the
wheel 85 is also being driven by the motor through the instrumentality of the spur-
wheels 91 and 104, but in an opposite direction to the wheel 86 and the shaft 81
and independently thereof, because said wheel 85 is now loosely journalled upon
said shaft 81, it not being at present coupled to said shaft. It will be evident that
by throwing the clutch into engagement with the wheel 85, that the shaft 81
will be rotated in the opposite direction, and that the wheel 86 will be rotated
as before, but will revolve independently of the shaft 81, it now being uncoupled
from said shaft. As the shaft 81, which bears the axially-moving wheels 83
and 84 that drive the printing and adding wheels, may be rotated in either
direction, it will be evident that said printing and adding wheels may be made
to rotate in one or the other direction, and thus may be caused to add or subtract
as the case may be.
It will be noticed that the gearing from the motor to the adding and printing
wheels is positive gearing throughout, and that if the motor revolves through a
given distance, the adding and printing wheels will be positively revolved
through a proportional distance. It will also be noticed that all the principal
movements of the machine are ritary, and effected by ordinary gear-wheels,
which are thoroughly reliable, and easily and cheaply constructed. The idle-
wheels 78 may really be said to be a part of the adding or registering and
printing wheels in that their only function is to transmit motion to said wheels.
1 include within my invention and claims a machine in which the idle-wheels
are dispensed with, and the axially-moving motor-impelled wheels drive directly
the adding and printing wheels. The adding and printing wheels would then
have their type disks (Figs. 33 and 34, Sheet 10) dispensed with, and the printing
characters placed upon the ends of the teeth of the spur-wheels 75; or else the
type disks would have to be notched or cut, to provide channels through the
adding and printing wheels for the axially-moving wheels to travel through

page_text: ESCAPEMENT FOR MOTOR AND KEY CONNECTIONS THEREFOR.
The spur-wheel 88 meshes into a spur-wheel 106 to the rear of the same, which
spur-wheel 106 is fast upon a shaft 107 extending across the back of the machine
and having bearings at each end in the oscillating or movable side frames 68 and 69,
the said shaft being carried by the same oscillating frame which supports the shafts
and studs shown in Figs. 31 and 32. Upon this shaft 107 at regular intervals are,
preferably, a series of wheels 108, by preference 10 in number corresponding to the
digits or finger keys of the machine. From the construction described, it will be
noted that the motor drives the shaft 107 at the same time that it drives the
shaft 81, and that it drives said shaft 107 always in the same direction, as indicated
by the arrows in Figs. 31 and 32. The shaft 107 is the escapement shaft, and the
wheels 108 I will hereinafter refer to as the escapement wheels.
At the rear of the machine, and pivoted to a bar 109 supported at each end by
off-sets 110 extending rearwardly from each of the oscillating side frames, are a
series of bars or rods 111, corresponding in number to the keys, there being one of
said bars for each of the escapement wheels 108. The upright rods 111 may be
pivotally supported upon the bar 109 by a single rod 109ª (Figs. 13 and 27) which
passes through a slot 109 (Fig. 47) in the edge of said bar 109, the open or outer
part of said slot being closed by a plate 109° (Figs. 6, 12, 13 and 27) to hold the
rod 109 and the upright rods 111 in place. One of these bars is shown in detail
by isometric view in Fig. 10, Sheet 4, see also Figs. 4, 6, 9, 13, 23, 24 and 27.
They are preferably made round, but can be of other shape, and each has a
hole 111 (Fig. 10) bored therethrough to receive the rod 109" before referred to.
Upon each of said bars near the upper end thereof, is a rack 112, the rear edge of
which takes in a groove 113 channeled in said bar from about the middle thereof
to the upper end. The racks 112 are held to said bars by straps 11 and 115 at
each end of the racks, and passing around the bars. At the upper end of each of
the bars is a collar 116 fixed thereto, against which the racks may come to determine
the limit of excursion of the racks. The bars 111 are made of different lengths
(see Figs. 6, 9 and 13). The rack of the bar corresponding to the nine key being
capable of nine times the extent of movement of the rack carried by the bar corre-
sponding to the one key, and the rack carried by the bar corresponding to the
eight key having eight times the movement of the rack carried by the bar corre-
sponding to the one key, and so on. These bars 111 may be provided with other
appliances which pertain to the printing mechanism, and will not now be
described.
The racks carried by the bars 111 are adapted to be thrown in and out of
engagement with their respective escapement wheels, 108, and are provided with
suitable teeth to mesh with the teeth of the wheels, 108. The bars at the lower
eud may be provided with a slotted plate 117 suitably attached thereto. The slot
in the plates 117 are all similar and consist of an incline branch which runs into a
vertical part. 118 are the key bars, each carrying at their inner end, a pin 119
which normally takes into the incline part of the slot in said plates, (Figs. 4, 6, 13,
23, 24 and 27). The key bars are swung near their center upon a shaft 120
supported at each end near the lower part of the machine in forward extensions
from the stationary side frames 66 and 67. The keys at their outer ends are each
provided with vertical stems 121 having knobs 122, each bearing upon the upper
face thereof its respective digit or number, (Fig. 12). The keys and their knobs

page_text: may terminate in two rows if desired, or in any other way. The stems of the keys
pass through two plates 123 and 124 which are carried by upright brackets 125
from the base-plate, which plates serve to guide the stems of the keys (Figs. 4, 6
and 12).
Over the rear of all the keys passes a bar or rod 126 (see more particularly
Figs. 25, 27 and 49). This bar is attached to two arms 127, each fixed to a
shaft 128, which shaft is sustained by the fixed side frames of the machine, the
said bar or rod 126 and arms 127 forming a bail. This bail is provided with
springs 129 (Figs. 9 and 27) which normally hold the bar 126 down against
the key bars. The shaft 128 has also fixed to it at one end a crank 130
(Figs. 6, 27 and 40). The said crank has pivoted to it a rod 131, which in
turn is articulated to a locking-pawl 132 pivoted to the side frame 69 of the
oscillating frame (Figs. 6 and 27). The nose of the locking-pawl 132 takes
into a ratchet-wheel 133 upon the escapement shaft 107, and arranged adjacent
to the upright 69 of the oscillating frame.
When any key is depressed the pin 119 on the inner end of that key rises
and travels up the incline slot in the plate 117 carried by the bars 111 of the
escapement. The motion of any pin 119 up the incline of its slot, throws the
lower end of the corresponding rod 111 outward from and the upper part of
said bar inward towards the machine, bringing the rack 112 carried by said bar
into engagement with its corresponding escapement wheel 108. This takes place
at the very first movement of the keys. During the further depression of the
keys, the bar 126 which passes over all the keys, is raised and swings upward
the arms 127 (Fig. 27) which rotates the shaft 128, operates the crank 130 so
as to push upward the rod 131 and lift the nose of the locking-pawl 132 from
the locking-wheel 133. The parts are so proportioned that the first motion of
the keys does not unlock the wheel 133, but such unlocking takes place directly
after any one of the racks 112 is thrown into engagement with its respective
escapement-wheel 108. It is to be borne in mind that the escapement shaft 107
constantly has a tendency imparted to it by the motor to revolve, and that the
locking-wheel 133, fast upon said shaft, also has such tendency imparted to it, but
is normally restrained from rotation by the locking-pawl 132, this being the only
part which normally prevents the motor from rotating the wheels until the motor
is run down. As soon as the locking-pawl 132 is withdrawn from the locking
wheel 133, the motor will rotate the escapement-shaft and other shafts and gear
wheels set forth above. When one of the escapement-racks is thrown in engage-
ment with its escapement-wheel, the motor rotates the escapement and other shafts
and wheels referred to through a distance corresponding to the limit of excursion
of said rack, and depending upon the key depressed. When the limit of excursion
of the rack is reached, the rack comes solidly against the collar 116 (Fig. 27)
and prevents further rotation of the shafts and wheels referred to, holding said
wheels and shafts as effectually from rotation as the locking-pawl 132 does in the
first instance. The springs 129 acting upon the operated key-bar through the
bar 126 bring the said key-bar to its normal position, the pin 119 passing down
the vertical part of the slot in the plate 117, but does not throw the escapement-
racks out of engagement with the escapement-wheel until after the pawl 132 has
engaged the locking-wheel 133, after which the pin 119 travels down the incline
part of the slot in the plate 117 and throws the escapement-rack out of engagement
with its escapement-wheel. The return movement of the parts is indicated by
arrows in Fig. 27.
The bar 126 may be covered with rubber, leather or any suitable material to
deaden the noise upon its return movement, when it comes down and strikes the
other key-bars. Each key-bar may be provided with an individual spring of
slight strength, arranged in a bar 135, (Figs. 4, 6, 12, 13, 25 and 27) to hold in
their normal position the key-bars, when any key-bar is depressed and the tension
of the springs 129, which are of considerable power, is removed from the keys by
the bar 126 being raised. It will be noted that the depression of all the keys is of

page_text: the same extent and resistance at all times, the nine key having no greater
depression and no greater resistance than the one key, for instance. Nor does the
resistance of the keys in my machine, increase when carrying from one or more
orders to the next higher order or orders is to be effected. In many adding
machines the keys themselves are made to do the work of actuating the adding
mechanism, and hence keys of a high numerical value must have more depression
or greater resistance than keys of lower denomination. The resistance of the keys
in adding machines often varies also when carrying is performed. This is trouble-
some to operators in that a variable touch or amount of power must be supplied to
the keys, and the different keys depressed to different extents, all of which
prerequisites the operator cannot have in mind, and not appreciating the same, will
often not depress a key sufficiently, or will not apply enough force to the keys,
both of which will cause the machine not to be properly operated, and hence the
machine will not correctly register the required amount. In my machine, all this
is obviated, as the motor does the work and the keys merely control the motor
escapement. I do not wish to limit myself to a separate or independent escapement
for each key. I include within my invention and claims, except where otherwise
specified, one or more sets of escapement members, or one or more escapement-
ricks and one or more escapement-wheels suitably operated and controlled by the
keys, or a single escapement-wheel and one escapement-rack suitably checked in
proper position by stops operated by the keys.
The key resistance in my machine is very light, for although the motor may have
considerable power and an appreciable amount of force be required to unlock it,
the leverage for unlocking the motor is so proportioned as to require but little force
to depress the keys and unlock the motor. After any one of the escapement-racks
has been carried upward to the limit of its excursion by its escapement, and its
corresponding key returns to its normal position throwing the escapement rack out
of engagement with the escapement-wheel, the rack drops by gravity to its original
or starting position. The operation of throwing the racks in engagement with the
escapement-wheels, unlocking the motor, and the racks travelling to the limit of
their excursion, then dropping to their starting point ready for another actuation
of the key-bars, takes place so quickly that the keys may be operated as rapidly
as desired. Even though the keys should be operated too rapidly and not sufficient
time be given for the full number to register in the machine, the number that is
registered by the machine will be printed and thus the machine will record and
indicate the number that has been registered, so that the desired correction in the
result may be made.
THE CARRIAGE.
I will now describe the carriage by which the axially-moving wheels 83 and 84
and their sleeve 82 are moved step by step from numerical order to numerical order
as the keys are operated. The sleeve 82 has a circumferential groove 135" cut in
it, or between two collars thereon (Figs. 9, 11 and 12). Into the groove 135 takes
a forked bar 136, the fork at the upper part of sail bar being semicircular and
engaging the lower semi-circular part of the groove in the sleeve 82. The bar 136
passes down and is carried by two shafts or rods 137 and 138. This bar 136 has
an off-set 139 extending therefrom, which engages the groove of another sleeve to
be hereinafter described (Figs. 13 and 49). The rods 137 and 138 are carried by
side-bars 140 and 141, which extend downwardly and are carried by a sleeve 142
(Figs. 13, 25, 26 and 49), about which they are loosely journalled. The sleeve 142
is adapted to slide upon a shaft 143 journalled at each end in the upright stationary
side frames of the machine. The side-bars 140 and 141 may revolve slightly
about the sleeve 142, and the shaft 143 may rotate independently of said
sleeve 142. Between the side-bars 140 and 141 near their lower ends, is a brace 144
which ties the bars 140 and 141 together. To the ends of the sleeve 142 are
attached horizontal side-bars 145 and 146 outside of the upright bars 140
and 141. (Figs. 4, 6, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 49.) The outer and forward

page_text: Connecting one of the side-bars 145 with the other side-bar 146 are two racks 150
and 151, one above said side-bars and the other below the same, and both arranged
parallel and adjacent to the shaft 143. The said racks are not arranged in the
same plane, but have a slight space between them (Figs. 13, 25, 26 and 27).
Journalled in uprights extending from the base-plate of the machine is a
shaft 152, which runs parallel with the two side-bars 145 and 146, and is arranged
about the middle of the machine. The rear end of the shaft 152 carries a spur-
wheel 153, the upper part of which is adapted to engage the rack 150, and the
lower part of which is adapted to engage the rack 151, when properly placed in
engagement with said latter rack and moved out of engagement with rack 150
(Fig. 13). The shaft 152 is preferably impelled by means of a coiled spring 154
arranged within a drum 155 (Figs. 17 and 18). The shaft 152 always revolves in
the same direction. Upon the shaft 152 is arranged a ratchet-wheel 156
(Figs. 13, 20, 21 and 22) which has a slight definite motion about the shaft 152,
a spring 157 being provided to take up the play which the wheel has about the
shaft 152. Adjacent to the wheel 156 is a second ratchet-wheel 158 rigidly keyed
to the shaft 152 (Fig. 19). Normally the shaft 152 is held from rotation by a
pawl 159 carried at the elbow of the angular lever 160 pivoted to a bracket
extending from the base-plate of the machine, and arranged at the lower end of
the short arm of said angular lever (Figs. 4, 6, 13, 23, 24 and 25). The rear end
of the long arm of the angular lever 160 is forked and embraces the bar 126,
which bar passes over the rear end of all the keys and is arranged and operates
as previously described. Upon the actuation of the keys the bar 126 will be raised,
the angular lever 160 vibrated, and the pawl 159, carried by the elbow of the
angular lever 160, will be moved thereby from the ratchet-wheel 156, with
which it is normally in engagement, into the teeth of the fixedly mounted
ratchet wheel 158. The ratchet wheel 156, being now freed from the pawl 159,
will be slightly rotated by the spring 157, and the play which said wheel has
independently of the shaft 152 is taken up by said spring, as the said wheel 156 is
loosely mounted on the shaft 152 and is capable of a certain amount of rotation
independently of said shaft 152, and said wheel 156 is now from under the
restraining influence of the pawl 159 and placed under the influence of the
spring 157. During the depression of a key the carriage does not move.
soon, however, as the key is allowed to rise and the bar 126 to fall in consequence
thereof, the pawl 159 will be returned by the angular lever 160 to the loosely
spring-mounted ratchet-wheel 156. The carriage will now feed toward the left,
the spring of the drum 154 overcoming the spring 157, which is a light one, and
taking up the play the shaft 152 has independently of the said ratchet-wheel 156.
The spring-impelled shaft 152 compresses the spring 157 to its extreme limit, and
when this is reached the carriage is held from further movement until another key
is depressed and the same operation gone through with. The pawl 159 may be
provided with a spring 161 if necessary in order to permit the carriage to be moved
to its starting point by allowing the pawl to give and ride over the incline of the
ratchet teeth when the carriage is moved in an opposite direction from that in
which it is impelled by the mechanism described.
As

page_text: The spur-wheel 153 is not directly carried by the shaft 152, but is upon a
sleeve 162 carried thereby which is adapted to slide upon said shaft but rotates
with the shaft (Figs. 13 and 25). This sleeve has a circumferential groove in it or
between two collars thereon, and into the groove takes a piece 163 (Fig. 13)
carried by a rod 164, which extends to the front of the machine beneath the keys,
and terminates in a knob (Figs. 4, 6, 12, 13 and 25). The part 163 permits the
sleeve 162 and shaft 152 to rotate freely, but when the rod 164 is pushed in or out,
the sleeve, carrying said wheel 153, moves it into engagement with one or the
other of the racks 150 or 151. It will be noted that the upper part of the
wheel 153 revolves from left to right for instance, while the lower part rotates
from right to left or in opposite direction, so to speak. If, therefore, the wheel 153
be put in engagement with the upper rack 150, the carriage will be driven in one
direction as the keys are depressed and allowed to rise, but the carriage will be
moved in an opposite direction when the said wheel 153 is put in engagement with
the lower rack 151 and the keys operated. Thus it will be seen th it by operating
the rod 164 in one or the other direction, the carriage may be made to travel in
either direction. If, therefore, it he necessary or desirable to begin at the front
or highest order of a number, it can be done, but the carriage in the machine
herein described will have to be moved by hand to the starting point in
beginning at the front of a number. Addition may be commenced in the units.
column if desired, and when this is done, I provide mechanism whereby the
carriage will be suitably brought to the units column or starting point without
going through a special and additional operation for the mere purpose of positioning
the carriage. Many features of my invention are not limited to a carriage being
used, but are applicable to adding machines generally wherein a carriage need not
be used.
DEVICES UNLOCKING ADDING AND PRINTING WHEELS WHEN KEYS
ARE OPERATED.
I have previously explained that the spur-wheels attached to the printing and
adding wheels are suitably locked by pawls 79, and will now describe the means by
which the said wheels are unlocked in the numerical order in which the machine is
working for both the printing and adding wheels. Upon a shaft. 165, journalled at
each end in a rearward extension from the upright stationary side-frames of the
machine, is arranged a sleeve 166, which is adapted to slide along said shaft, but
is held from rotation independently of the said shaft (Figs. 6, 13, 23, 24, 40 and 49).
preferably by a longitudinal groove in said shaft 165 (Figs. 40 and 49), and a key
or spline. The said sleeve 166 has a circumferential groove cut therein, or formel
thereon by collars at or near its center. From the part 136 of the carriage
heretofore described extends an off-set 139 heretofore referred to, which takes into
the groove in said sleeve 166 (Figs. 13 and 49) in such a manner as to carry the
sleeve 166 along with the carriage, but to permit the said sleeve to turn with the
shaft 165 independently of the said part 139 and carriage. The sleeve 166 has at
each end a cam 167 and 168 (Figs. 40 and 49) respectively, the former of which is
adapted to unlock the pawls of the adding wheels, and the latter of which is
adapted to unlock the pawls of the printing wheels, the pawls unlocked depending
upon in which order the carriage is, and the machine is working. Upon the
shaft 165 at the left-hand side of the machine, is a crank 169, to which is articulated
a rod 170 passing downwardly, and in turn articulated to one of the arms 127,
which carry the bar 126, and are fixedly united to the shaft 128 (Fig. 49). When
any key is put down, the bar 126 and arms 127 will be raised, lifting the rod 170
and turning the crank 169 so as to slightly rotate the shaft 165 and sleeve 166,
thereby bringing the cams 167 and 168 in contact with the short arm of the
pawls 79 respectively of both the printing and adding wheels, and thereby unlocking
said wheels. This unlocking takes place during the first movement of the key, and

page_text: before the motor has been unlocked, as heretofore explained, the said action taking
place during the time the escapement racks are thrown into engagement with the
escapement wheels by the operation of the keys.
The sleeve 166 travels along with the carriage from order to order in either
direction at will when the keys are operated, unlocking the pawls of the units, tens,
hundred etc., as the case may be, of both the printing and adding wheels. The
short arm of each of the pawls 79 at the opposite side from the cams 167 and 168
(Figs. 13 and 53) is provided with an individual spring 171, which tends to keep
them in their normal position and returns them to such position when actuated by
the said cams. It will be seen from the construction described that the pawls of
any given order both of the adding and printing wheels will be held unlocked as
long as any key is kept depressed. As soon, however, as the key is allowed to rise, the
cams turn in the opposite direction and permit the springs 171 to return the pawis
unlocked to their normal position, locking the unlocked adding wheel and putting
the unlocked pawl of the printing wheel in the path of the pins on said wheel to be
hereinafter described. This locking of the unlocked adding wheel occurs after the
digit has been registered by the machine, and hence locks such number into the
registering mechanism. After the cams have rotated away from the short cam
of the locking pawl 79 upon the first part of the rise of the keys, the carriage
moves to the next order and the cams are in position to unlock the pawls of the
next order when a key is depressed.
The individual springs 171 for the locking pawls 79 are carried by a plate 172
(Figs. 13 and 53) suitably slotted, for the short arms of the pawls to enter the
plate and prevent the pawls from being twisted or thrown out of their normal
plane. The springs 171 are held in place between the pawls and bored out places
in said plate, which receive the other ends of said springs (Fig. 53). The plate 172
is sustained by triangular pieces 173 at each end, which pieces are supported by
the shaft 80 and a shaft 174 supported by the fixed side-frames of the machine.
My invention is not limited to these type-wheel locking devices being used, as it
is evident they may be dispensed with if not wanted or may have frictional
or non-positive locking devices substituted therefor, which may not require special
means for unlocking them.
:

page_text: off-set from the uprights 180 and 181, and serves to keep the paper-feeding
apparatus from turning bodily around the shaft 182, it passing through the side
frames 186 which sustain the paper-feeding rollers. The paper-feeding apparatus
slides upon this rod 189 the same as it does upon the shaft 182. 190 is a tie rod
for holding together the side pieces 186 of the paper carriage. 191 is a guide rod
carried by forward off-sets extending from the uprights 180 and 181, the object of
such rod being to guide the paper to the feeding rollers (Fig. 13) and hold it clear
of the carrying mechanism to be hereinafter described. The paper passes between
the two rollers 183 and 184, and may be cut off when desired by bringing it against
a knife 192 carried by the spring-pressed arms 185 of the paper-carriage.
If the shaft 182 be rotated, it will turn the roller 183, and will cause the paper
held between that roller and the roller 184 to feed, drawing upon the paper roll 176
for its supply (Fig. 13). To accomplish this purpose a ratchet wheel 193 is keyed
to the shaft 182, and upon said shaft is loosely swung adjacent to said ratchet-
wheel 193, a bell-crank lever 194 (Figs. 1, 6, 7, 9 and 27), one arm of which is
provided with a pawl 195 pivoted thereto and normally taking into the teeth of
the ratchet-wheel 193. The other arm of the bell-crank lever is articulated to a
rod 196, which may be suitably actuated and preferably is actuated in the manner
hereinafter to be described. When the rod 196 is actuated by pulling on it, or the
bell-crank lever 194 is operated in the same direction, the pawl 195 catches in the
next tooth of the ratchet-wheel 193, and when the bell-crank lever 194 and rod 196
are moved in an opposite direction, the shaft 182 is rotated so as to turn the
roller 183 and feed the paper one space.
ARRANGEMENT OF INKING RIBBON AND ACTUATING DEVICES THEREFOR.
Across the printing and adding wheels and in front of the paper 176 passes an
ink ribbon 197 (Figs. 1 and 13). This ribbon travels over rollers 198 at each side
of the machine, the said rollers being journalled in bell-crank levers 199 loosely
journalled upon the shaft 73 carrying the type-wheels (Figs. 8, 23, 24, 27 and 49).
Each of the bell-crank levers carrying said rollers is provided with a pin 200 over
which the ribbon is led after passing over the rollers 198, the said ribbon
travelling over said pins at right-angles to the plane at which it is received
from the rollers 198 down to spools 201 and 202, arranged at each side of the
machine upon a shaft 203 sustained by off-sets extending forwardly from the fixed
side-frames of the machine. The outside disk of the spool 201 has cut upon it a
series of ratchet teeth, and at a short distance therefrom, but parallel thereto, is a
disk 204 (Fig. 30) having ratchet teeth cut upon it but in opposite direction to the
teeth of the ratchet previously referred to (compare Figs. 4, 23, and 24 with
Fig. 13). About the shaft 203 is loosely swung a lever 205 which carried at its
outer end two pawls 206 and 207 arranged upon the same pivot and controlled by
the same finger piece 208. The pawl 206 is adapted to take into the ratchet-
wheel 204, and the pawl 207 is adapted to take into the ratchet-wheel cut on the
outside disk of the spool 201, according as the finger piece 208 is manipulated to
throw one or the other pawl into engagement with the one ratchet wheel or the
other. The lever 205 may be actuated back and forth by a link 209 in any
suitable way, but is preferably actuated by the means to be hereinafter described.
The spool 201 is loosely mounted upon the shaft 203, but the spool 202 and the
ratchet-wheel 204 are fixedly mounted upon said shaft (Fig. 30).
When the lever 205 is actuated back and forth it will drive the ratchet-
wheel 204 in one direction and the spool 201 with ratchet teeth cut thereon in the
opposite direction. When the pawl 207 is in engagement with the ratchet teeth
upon the spool 201 (Fig. 13) and the lever 205 is operated, the ribbon will be
drawn from the spool 202 upon the spool 201, which is now directly operated by
the pawl 207. After the ribbon has accumulated upon the spool 201, and has been
entirely withdrawn from the spool 202, the finger piece 208 is operated so as to
throw the pawl 206 in engagement with the ratchet-wheel 204 (Fig. 23) which will
H

page_text: 213 is the printing-hammer or platen which takes a printing impression from a
type wheel each time a key is struck. This hammer is preferably fed along
automatically from order to order by the carriage heretofore described, and prints
the number registered by the machine upon the uprise of the keys, and, by
preference, just after the number has been duly registered by the machine. The
said hammer consists of a small block of any suitable material, but preferably of
metal, having a slightly curved piece 214 thereon to form the face thereof, said
piece being of any suitable material (Figs. 2 and 3). The hammer is carried by a
thin piece of spring metal 215, which is set iuto a projecting part of a collar 216
carried by a sleeve 217, which is adapted to slide longitudinally upon a shaft 218,
but is held from rotation with reference to said shaft. The shaft 218 is supported
by off-sets extending forwardly from the upright stationary side-frames 66 and 67
of the machine. The sleeve 217 has a circumferential groove 219 thereon formed
by collars carried by said sleeve, or cut therein. Travelling upon the shaft 203
previously described is a sleeve 220 which is independent of the said shaft, both as
to longitudinal and rotary motion. From said sleeve extends upwardly arms 221
and 222 which are joined together by a rod 223. The shape of these uprights is
shown in Figs. 3, 46 and 13. The upright 221 is extended downwardly to form a
part 224 which is attached to a rod (Figs. 1, 4, 6, 13, 23, 24) 225, that returns
upon itself, and is convected to an upward extension from the horizontal side-
bars 145 and 146 of the carriage. The object of having the rod 225 return upon
itself is to prevent the movement of the carriage from interfering with the paper,
which in view of this arrangement passes clear of the traveling carriage from the
The curved
paper roll to the paper-feeding rollers at the top of the machine.
part of the uprights 221 and 222 are adapted to take into groove 219 of the
sleeve 217 that carried the printing hammer. The sleeve 220, rod 223 and
uprights 221 and 222 being connected to the carriage of the machine by the

page_text: part 224, constitute a part of the carriage and feed the hammer from
order to numerical order as the keys are operated. 226 is a rod which is fastened
to the carriage and projects horizontally to the left-hand side of the machine, its
nd being provided with a suitable knob 226. The object of this rod 226 is to
position the carriage by hand when desired, and may be used to set the carriage
when it is desired to begin at the front or left-hand end of a number.
Upon the shaft 218 is a cutaway disk 230 at the right-hand side of the machine
and fixed to the said shaft (Figs. 1, 6, 12, 27, 29). Preferably adjacent to said
cutaway disk, and coiled about shaft 218, is a helical spring 231, one end of which
is attached to the frame of the machine, and the other end secured to the
shaft 218, or the cutaway disk 230, the purpose of which spring is to throw the
printing-hammer 213 toward the type of the wheels to take an impression.
Preferably at the left-hand side of such machine and rigidly fixed to the shaft 218
is a short arm 232, the free end of which is adapted to come against the end of an
adjustable thumb-screw 233 carried by a bracket 234 sustained by the stationary
side-frame 66 of the machine (Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, 12, 27 and 29). The purpose of the
arm 232 and thumb-screw 233 is to check the motion of the shaft 218, when the
spring 231 actuates said shaft to throw the hammer 213 against the ink-ribbon to
take an impression. These parts check the turning of the shaft just previous to the
time the hammer strikes the inking ribbon aud forces it against the paper and
the paper against the type. The flexible standard 215 of the hammer completes
the rest of the stroke and makes an instantaneous contact, so that blurring in
printing, which might be caused by the type wheels not having come completely
to rest when the impression is taken, is avoided. The type are therefore
prevented from dragging over the paper, or the paper over the type, for even an
appreciable instant of time, and causing blurring. Normally the spring 231 keeps
the shaft in such position that the arm 232 is against the end of the thumb-
screw 233, and the hammer within a short distance of the inking ribbon, but not
touching the same.
MECHANISM FOR SETTING IMPRESSION-TAKING DEVICES FOR PRINTING.
I provide means when a key is depressed, for turning the shaft 218 so as to
raise the printing-hammer to take an impression by the force of the spring 231
when suitably liberated (Fig. 27). The cutaway disk 230 on shaft 218 has a notch
near one of its peripheral edges (Fig. 29), and into this notch normally rests the
nose of a bar 235, which is articulated to a crank 236 at the extreme right-hand
end of the shaft 165, which is suitably actuated when any key is put down as
previously explained (see Fig. 49). The crank 236 is adjacent to the crank 212
before referred to, and is placed between the crank 212 and the right-hand end of
shaft 165 when looking at the machine from the front. When any key is put
down the shaft 165 will be slightly rotated, throwing the crank 236 toward the
operator, and pushing the bar 235 outwardly from the machine, thereby rotating
the notched cutaway disk 230 and shaft 218 so as to raise the printing-haminer for
a stroke.
DEVICES FOR TRIPPING IMPRESSION-TAKING DEVICES TO PRINT.
To permit the hammer to be thrown against the inked ribbon and take an
impression, may provide devices for tripping the bar 235 so as to perinit the
spring 231 to throw the printing-hammer towards the inking ribbon and take an
impression (Figs. 10, 14, 15, 27, 29 and 47). To the shaft 174 is swung an
arm 237, the end of which is provided with a pin 238 (Figs. 27 and 29), which pin
works in a slot in the bar 235 and connects the arm 237 with a link 239, which is
also slotted at the end and has its slot likewise engaged by the pin 238. This
link 239 has its other end articulated to a double crank 240 fast upon a shaft 241,

page_text: which is supported by the fixed side-frames of the machine (see also Fig. 28).
The other end of the double crank 240 is articulated to a rod 242, which in turn is
connected to an arm 243 arranged at the right-hand side of the machine upon the
end of a shaft 244 (Figs. 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 37 and 47). The bar 235, the arm 237,
the connecting link 239, the double crank 240, the rod 242 and the arm 243 are
arranged in the manner previously described, adjacent to the right-hand side-
frame of the machine. The shaft 244 is sustained at each end by uprights
(Fig. 27) extending from a plate 109, which pivotally supports the vertical bars 111
carrying the escapement racks, as previously pointed out. Upon the shaft 244
adjacent to each of the escapement racks, is fixedly placed a short arm 246 to
which is pivotally secured a vertical flat-bar 247 (see particularly Figs. 9 and 10).
The vertical flat side of the bar 247 and the short arms 246 are arranged so as to
be clear of the racks 112. The upper ends of the flat-bars 247 are turned at
right-angles to the plane of the bar itself, so as to be above the racks 112. The
upper bent ends of the bars 247 are each provided with guide-pin 248 which works
in a slot in said end. The said guide-pin 248 takes into the collars 116 on the
upper end of the escapement bar 111. The bar 247 is shown in Fig. 10 as broken
away about mid-way of its length in order to better illustrate the construction.
The lower side of the ends of the bent bars 247 terminate slightly below the stop-
collars 116, against which the racks come firmly when thrown in engagement with
the escapement wheels and the motor is unlocked.
The effect of this latter-mentioned operation is to lift the bars 247, draw on the
short arm 246, and turn shaft 244, thereby actuating the arm 243 and operating
the rod 242, which turns the double crank 240 in such a direction as to draw on
the link 239, and so operate the toggle joint formed by said link and the arm 237
as to raise the nose of the bar 235 from the notch of the cutaway disk 230.
This allows the spring 231 to throw the hammer toward the ink ribbon and type
suddenly, and a digit is printed thereby in the manner heretofore stated. The
movements of the parts referred to are in the reverse of the direction indicated
by the arrows upon said parts in Fig. 27, which represents the said parts as
returning to their normal positions.
From the construction described it will be seen that the hammer is thrown back
and tripped each time a key is depressed. It will be further noted that the
tripping of the hammer does not take place until the. escapement rack corre-
sponding to the key depressed, has reached the limit of its excursion and impinged
against the bent or turned over end of the bars 247. This can only occur after
the digit has been registered by the machine, so that premature printing is
obviated, as is also taking impressions from the type wheels when in active
revolution. This scheme enables the operator to keep pace with the operation of
the machine, but not to get beyond the speed of the apparatus. The operator
can, either by observing the printing hammer or noting the sound made by the
printing hammer, know whether the machine has done its work, and is then
informed whether or not the apparatus is ready for another key to be depressed.
As soon as the key rises the carriage will feed the printing hammer to the next
type-wheel, and thus the digit printed will be readily visible, as the hammer is
preferably the width of one type wheel only.
A zero escapement-bar 111, rack 112 and slotted plate 117, and key bar having
pin working in slot in said plate is provided in order to make the resistance of the
zero key exactly similar to the resistance of the other keys, so that the operator
will experience no difference or want of uniformity in action of any of the keys.
The escapement rack for the zero keys cannot, of course, have any movement,
dse such movement will be registered by the machine, and the apparatus will not
then indicate zero.
I design to have the zero key also lift the bar 126 and unlock
the motor the same as the other keys, to have this key in every respect similar in
touch to the operator as the other keys. Although the motor is unlocked when
the zero is depressed by the locking pawl 132 being lifted out of the teeth of the
locking wheel 133, (Fig. 27) the zero escapement rack prevents the motor from.

page_text: causing any rotation and locks the motor, taking the place for the time being of
the locking-pawl 132. The zero key's chief function is to feed the carriage from
order to order. The type wheels of the printing wheels are, however, left in
their normal position, and the adding wheels left undisturbed when the zero key is
operated.
As the zero-escapement has no movement, it, of course, will not do to rely upon
the zero-escapement rack to liberate or trip the printing hammer, and I have,
therefore, devised another means for doing this when the zero key is depressed.
To the joint where the one-key crank arin 246 and bar 247 are articulated, I
connect a bent bar 251 (Figs. 6, 9, 47 and 48) which passes downwardly therefrom
through the plate 109 along the zero-escapement-bar 111, and is joined to a
plate 252, which straddles the slotted plate 117 of the zero-escapement bar. This
Straddling plate 252 is fastened to its plate 117 by a guide pin 253 working in a
slot (Fig. 48). When the zero-key is depressed the pin 119 of said bar traverses
the slot in its plate 117 and raises the plate 252, which is so arranged as to be
struck by said pin before it has reached the end of said slot. The lifting of the
plate 252 raises the bar 251, turns the shaft 244, operates the crank arm 243 and
the connecting rod 242, and parts connected therewith to trip the hammer in the
Inasmuch as the
same manner that the escapement racks of the other keys do.
registering apparatus is not called into requisition when the zero key is depressed,
it is evident that there can be no premature printing, when such key is depressed,
and no printing when the type wheels are in motion. While I have described a
printing apparatus and devices in connection with my machine, it will be understood
that my invention and adding machine is not necessarily confined to the use of
such printing devices, but said printing devices may be dispensed with, where it is
required to have an adding machine solely or may be greatly varied, and still he
within my invention. For instance, my invention is not necessarily confined to a
series of printing wheels, or even to wheels for printing, as other printing devices
can be employed. Nor is my invention confined to printing each digit after each
key is struck, for the numbers registered by the machine may be printed in a
different manner. The printing-hammer setting and tripping devices herein
described may be dispensed with, and the printing hammer operated directly by
the keys in an obvious manner if desired.
DEVICE FOR ALIGNING PRINTING AND ADDING WHEELS.
It may happen that the series of idle wheels 78 will get out of co-incident radial
position when there is much play between the teeth of the wheels, and thus not
leave a straight track or channel for the axially-moving wheels 83 and 84 to
traverse. This would also cause the printing and adding wheels to be slightly out
of co-incident radial position, and will therefore make the printing uneven and
might. forbid correct registration by the adding wheels. To obviate this I place
upon the shaft 241 two arms 260, which carry a rod 261 extending beneath all of
the idle-wheels of both the printing and adding wheels. The arms 260 are
rigidly secured to the shaft 241, and move with it when the same is actuated by the
escapement-rack connection to trip the printing hammer in the manner described
(Figs. 12, 13, 16 27 and 28). Normally the rod 261 is below the teeth of the
idle-wheels 78, so that the latter may revolve freely without being interfered with
by said rod (Fig. 13). When the printing-hammer is tripped, and the double
crank 240 actuated to turn the shaft 241, the bar 261 is suddenly thrown up into
one of the spaces between the teeth of the idle-wheels, and thus aligns or puts in
line the idle-wheels, and thereby the type-wheels of both the printing and adding
wheels. This occurs just previous to the printing-hammer taking an impression.
If any wheel is slightly out of line the aliguing-bar 201 strikes up into the teeth,
first passing over the incline part of the teeth, and then going clear up into the
same to the base of the root of the teeth (Fig. 16) and preserving alignment of
the wheels, and of the characters printed. This aligning means may be used or

page_text: not as desired in the machine, it not being absolutely required. Its connections
may be varied if desired.
MECHANISM FOR BRINGING CARRIAGE TO STARTING POINT.
The carriage preferably starts from the units column and proceeds to the other
numerical orders progressively step by step. When the beginning or left-hand end
of a number has been reached after the full number has been registered and
recorded by the machine, it is desirable to bring the carriage to the units order or
column before starting to register another number. To accomplish this in a
convenient manner, the carriage is provided with a pin 262 which extends down-
wardly therefrom (Figs. 25, 26 and 27). This pin is embraced by a right-angle
forked lever 263 pivoted to a post 264 supported by the base plate of the machine
(see also Figs. 1, 4 and 6). The unforked or other end of the bell-crank lever 263
projects preferably toward the right-hand side of the machine and may be operated
in any suitable way to bring the carriage to the units or starting point, but is
preferably operated by the means and in the manner to be hereinafter set forth.
It will be noted that the right-angle lever 263 moves each time the carriage
moves step by step. When the free end of said right-angle lever is pulled to its
normal position, it brings the carriage invariably to the starting point, no matter
in what position it is left by the operation of the keys. If the carriage is moved
through one numerical order it is returned by said right-angle lever through the
distance of one numerical order to the starting point. If the carriage is moved
through two or more numerical orders, it is brought by said right-angled lever to
the starting point. The carriage may be pushed to the starting point by the
rod 226 heretofore described, or moved to such point by taking hold of any part
of the carriage and shifting it. As previously described the carriage may be
made to begin at the front or highest order of the number by suitably operating
the rod 164 and bringing the spur-wheel 153 in gear with the rack 151 of the
carriage. The carriage would then in the present machine, be positioned by hand
each time at the beginning of a number, and would move automatically step by
step to the units end thereof. Other means may of course, be devised to bring
the carriage to a starting point, and still preserve the features of my invention.
MOTOR-WINDING MECHANISM AND HANDLE CONNECTIONS THEREFOR.
1 deem it advisable to wind the motor spring 100 after each complete number
has been registered by the machine, although a motor could be provided which
would need winding at certain infrequent intervals of time, and still be within my
invention. I prefer, however, the former arrangement. An electric motor may
be used or any motor which has power transmitted to it and which does not require
winding. For the purpose of winding the motor cach time a complete number is
registered by the machine I attach to the motor-drum 99 one end of a flexible
connection 266, which may be a cord, chain, cable or tape, metallic or of other suit-
able material. This flexible connection passes downwardly from the drum under a
spool 267 on the shaft 70 before referred to (Figs. 6, 9, 13, 23, 24 and 25). The
flexible connection 266 after going over the spool 267 passes to a spool 268, fixed
to the shaft 143, upon which the sleeve 142 of the carriage slides and rotates
freely, as previously referred to (Fig. 25). The other end of the flexible con-
nection 266 is attached to this spool 268. At each end of the shaft 143 and
adjacent to the side frames of the machine are disks 269 and 270 (Figs. 4, 6, 13,
23, 24, 25 and 49). To each of the disks 269 and 270 is pivoted a bar 271 and 272
respectively. These bars pass forward to beyond the key knobs 122, and are in
turn pivoted to levers 273 and 274 respectively. The said levers 273 and 274 are
connected together by a bar or handle 275, which is at or about the level of the
key knobs 122, but is arranged in front thereof so as not to interfere with the
operation of the keys, and yet be within convenient reach of the operator.

page_text: When the handle 275 is pulled by the operator it draws on the bars 271 and 272,
and thereby rotates the disks 269 and 270 through the are of a circle, winds the
flexible connection 266 upon the spool 268 on the shaft 143, which is rotated by
said disks 269 and 270, thereby causing the drum 99 to be revolved and the
spring 100 therein to be wound. The handle 275 and parts connected thereto last
referred to may be brought to their normal position by the operator pushing the
handle backward after pulling it forward. It is evident that a spring may be
employed for this purpose, or gravity relied upon to perform this office of returning
the parts to their normal positions. After the spool 268 is rotated backwards
subsequent to being rotated forwardly to wind the Hexible connection on said spool
As the keys.
to store power in the motor, the flexible connection will be slack.
are operated and the motor unlocked and permitted to revolve, the slack in the
flexible connection will be gradually taken up by the motor, the flexible connection
being wound upon the drum 99. If but few keys have been operated and the
motor brought into requisition but little, a small part of the slack of the flexible
connection will be taken up and wound upon the drum 99, but if the keys have
been operated to the full limit of the machine for any single complete number,
nearly all, if not all, of the slack will be taken up in the flexible connection and
wound upon the drum 99. When the handle is pulled, the motor is wound by
drawing upon the flexible connection and uncoiling it from the drum 99. If but
little of the flexible connection is coiled upon the drum, but little power will be
stored in the motor when the handle is pulled, but if on the other hand, a large
part of the slack of the flexible connection 266 is wound upon the drum 99, when
When the
the handle is pulled considerable power will be stored in the motor.
handle is pulled and the motor has expended but little of its energy, the effect of
pulling the handle will be to first take out the slack out of the flexible connection,
and then to wind the motor, there being as it were a lost motion between the
handle and the motor during the first part of the movement of the handle. If,
however, the motor has expended the full limit of its power, the very first motion
of the handle will start to wind the motor and will continue winding the same
during all the movement of the handle, and will store into the motor its full com-
plement of energy.
In both instances supposed, the exact amount of power
expended by the motor will be stored into the motor when the handle is pulled.
This is one of the features of my invention. The details of construction of my
motor-winding mechanism may be varied without departing from the spirit of my
invention. The operating handle 275 or its connections need not necessarily be
actuated by hand, as any way of effecting the desired movement at the will of the
operator may be adopted, as by a foot treadle for instance, and still be within my
I design to have a lug 280 upon the bar 272 come in contact with the projecting
end of the forked bell-crank lever 263 which draws the carriage to its starting
or units point (Fig. 6). This lug 280 draws the carriage to the starting or units
points when the handle is pulled, no matter whether the carriage has traveled
through one or two or through all the numerical orders of the machine. If the
carriage has traveled but a few steps the lug 280 upon the bar 272 does not
strike the free end of the bell-crank lever 263 during the first part of the outward
movement of the bar 272, but impinges against the same at the last part of said
movement of the said bar 272. If the keys have been operated to propel the
carriage through all the numerical orders of the machine, the lug 280 will strike
the free end of the bell-crank lever 263 when the handle is first pulled, and the free
end of the bell-crank lever 263 will travel with the bar 272 to the end of its
movement. There will be no lost motion between the parts referred to in the
last instance as in the former.

page_text: DEVICES FOR BRINGING PRINTING WHEELS TO ZERO.
In the idle-wheel shaft 77 is cut a key seat 281" (Fig. 49) for receiving, at the
right-hand half-thereof a key 281, having pins 282, (Figs. 39, 41, 42, 43 and 45)
extending therefrom at a distance apart equal to the distance between the idle
wheels 78. There is a pin 282 for each idle-wheel of the printing wheel. Upon
each of the idle-wheels is also a pin 283 at right-angles to the pins 282, and
against which the pins 282 when suitably operated, are adapted to strike
(Figs. 41, 42, 43, 44 and 45). As before explained, the idle-wheels 78 are
loosely mounted or journalled upon the shaft 77, so that said wheels may rotate
independently of said shaft. Ordinarily the pins 282 on the key are out of the
path of the pins 283 on the idle-wheels, so that the idle-wheels may rotate freely
without encountering the pins on the key 281. I design to have the shaft 77
rotated each time a number has been registered by the machine, and the handle 275
is pulled, and I also design to have the key 281 at the same time moved longi-
tudinally in its seat in the shaft 77, so that the pins 282 will be moved adjacent to
the idle-wheels (Fig. 43), whereby when the shaft 77 is rotated and the key 281
carried thereby revolved, the pins 282 will strike or gather up the pins 283 on the
respective idle-wheels, and will bring the idle-wheels to a predetermined position
so as to position the type-wheels to zero.
For the purpose of turning the shaft 77 to accomplish the object desired, I have
arranged preferably upon the left-hand end of the shaft 73, a segmental disk 284
(Figs. 23, 24 and 49). The segmental disk 284 is carried by a collar or sleeve 285
preferably swung about the type-wheel shaft 73, so that the segment may turn
independently of said type-wheel shaft 73. Pivotally attached to the segment 284
is a vertical curved rod 286, which passes downwardly and is pivoted to the
disk 269 previously described, and which is actuated when the handle 275 is pulled.
Normally the segment 284 is in a raised position as shown in Fig. 23, but when
the handle 275 is pulled, the rod 286 is drawn downwardly by the rotation of the
disk 269, and rotates the segment 284 downward to the position shown in Figs. 24
and 49. The segment 284 has teeth cut upon its peripheral edge, and these teeth
mesh into the teeth of the small spur-wheel 287 fast upon the shaft 77 carrying the
idle-wheels. Every time the handle is pulled, the shaft 77 is rotated by the
connections described.
Between the idle-wheels, and loosely upon the shaft 77 are placed collars 288
(Figs. 42, 43 and 46) which are open rings, between the ends of which the pins of
the key 281 come. The purpose of these open rings or collars is to keep the idle
wheels at the proper distance from one another. The collars in nowise interfere
with the free rotation of the idle-wheels 78, being held from revolution by the
pins 282 of the key 281 when the idle wheels 78 rotate independently of said
key 281, but being carried around with the pins of the key 281 when the shaft 77
is itself rotated, irrespective of whether the pins of the key are in or out of the
path of the pins of the idle-wheels.
It will be noted that the shaft 77, carrying the key 281, could not be rotated
when the pins 282 came against the pins 283 upon the idle-wheels when any of said
idle-wheels were in engagement with the axially-moving wheels 83 and 84, which
are positively geared to the motor, and positively locked from rotation except
when the keys are depressed. Under the conditions stated it would then be
If the
impossible to bring the printing wheels to zero by the means described.
axially-moving wheels 83 and 84 be separated from the idle-wheels it will be
obvious that the type-wheels can then be brought to zero by pulling the handle.
As one way of separating the axially-moving wheels from the idle wheels, I arrange
to have said axially-moving wheels pass out of mesh with the idle-wheels, preferably
at right-angles to their axes, and to have the further pulling of the handle move
said axially-moving wheels in the direction of their axes to a starting point, when
they are entirely clear of the idle-wheels. The axially-moving wheels may be

page_text: moved out of engagement with idle-wheels in any other suitable way, but by this
system the axially-moving wheels are free to be drawn to their starting point by
the pulling of the handle, without any possibility of striking the teeth of the idle-
wheels. To effect this separation of the axially-moving wheels from the idle-wheels,
I mount the ends of the shaft 81 which carries the sleeve 82, that bears the axially-
moving wheels in the oscillating side-frames 68 and 69 which have been previously
described. This oscillating frame carries the motor-shafts, gearing and studs here-
tofore described, and in it are mounted all the parts of the motor and the motor-
winding mechanism, as well as all the parts of the escapement for the motor. This
oscillating frame also carries the means for unlocking the motor when the keys are
depressed, which means really forms part of the motor-escapement.
From the oscillating side-frames 68 and 69 extend rearwardly two lugs 289
respectively, each of which bears against a spring 290 carried by posts 291 upon
the base-plate 65 of the machine (Figs. 4 and 9). Normally the springs 290 hold
the oscillating frame in vertical position, so that the axially-moving wheels are in
engagement with the idle-wheels. Attached to the oscillating side-frames 68
and 69 respectively, are forwardly projecting arms 292 and 293. To said arms 292
and 293 are secured respectively pins 294 and 295 (Figs. 1, 4, 6, 9, 13, 23, 24,
25 and 27). The pins 294 and 295 carried by said arms work in curved slots 296
and 297 (see also Fig. 49) in the disks 269 and 270 upon the shaft 143, as
previously described. The first part of the slots 296 and 297 are made eccentric,
but the rest of said slots and the main part thereof is concentric with reference to
the shaft 143 with which the slotted disks 269 and 270 turn. In the normal
position of parts, pins 294 and 295 rest in the eccentric end of the curved slots.
When the handle 275 is pulled, the very first movement of rotation of the disks 269
and 270 lifts the arms 292 and 293 by means of the pins 294 and 295 and the
eccentric part of the slots, throwing the oscillating side-frames 68 and 69 back-
wardly slightly, compressing the springs 290 and effecting a separation of the
axially-moving wheels from the idle-wheels.
It will be observed that the slight rearward swinging movement of the shaft 81.
carrying the axially-moving wheels and sleeve 82, is not interfered with by the
carriage, which is connected to the sleeve 82 by the forked lever 136. The
rearward swing of the sleeve 82 merely moves the lever 136 rearwardly, and
swings rearwardly the uprights 140 and 141 of the carriage without disturbing the
horizontal arms 145 and 146 of the carriage (Figs. 6, 13, 25, 27 and 49).
Inasmuch as the oscillating frame carries the motor, the escapement and the motor
unlocking devices, all of which are to a large extent independent of the other part
of the machine, there will be no derangement of the machine in effecting a
separation of the said parts from the rest of the machine. While the axially-
moving wheels are out of engagement with the idle-wheels they are being moved
to the starting point by means of the bell-crank lever 263 and handle previously
set forth. When the handle is pushed or brought back to its normal position,
the axially-moving wheels are brought into mesh with the units idle-wheel.
298 and 299 (Fig. 25) are two lugs respectively on the stationary upright side-
frames 66 and 67, against which lugs come the arms 292 and 293 respectively
to limit the forward return movement of the oscillating frame and keep the
axially-moving wheels in proper meshing distance with the idle-wheels.
When the idle-wheels are free from the axially-moving wheels, and the pins 282
on the key 281 are moved towards the idle-wheels (Fig. 43), the idle-wheels
may then be rotated freely to the zero point by the rotation of the shaft 77 and
the key 281, which latter rotation is effected by the segment 284 and connecting
rud 286, as, and in the manner, heretofore described.
To throw the key 281 in position, so that the pins carried thereby will
impinge against the pins 283 on the idle-wheel, 1 may provide the idle-wheel
shaft 77 with a loosely mounted collar 300, which is fast to the key 281, but
is capable of sliding upon said shaft (Fig. 39). In a circumferential groove in
the collar 300 takes a pin 301 carried by a lever 302 pivoted to a collar 303
I

page_text: - or
preferably carried by the type-wheel shaft 73. The free end of the lever 302
is provided with a curved slot, into which takes a pin 304 carried by a bracket
arm 305, which is rigidly secured by preference, to the upright 69 of the
oscillating frame (Figs. 6, 12, 27 and 39). The slot in the lever 302 is so curved
that when the pin 304 rides along the curved sides of said slot, when the oscillating
frame is moved backwardly by the pulling of the handle, that the free end of the
lever 302 will be swung towards the left of the machine, thereby sliding the
sleeve 300 and key 281 so as to put the pins 282 of the key 281 in the path of
the pins 283 upon the idle-wheels. As before explained, the oscillating frame is
moved backward at the very first motion of the handle, so that the pins 282 on the
key will be thrown in the path of the pins 283 during the first part of the motion
of the handle. During the rest of the movement of the handle, the shaft 77 is
rotated thereby, and the type-wheels brought to zero by the idle-wheels being
moved to their initial position by the means set forth. When the handle is moved
or resumes its normal position, the pin 304 rides backward in the slot in the
lever 32, aud moves the key 281, so that its pins will be taken out of the path of
the pins on the idle-wheels (Fig. 42).
It is obvious that other means of throwing the pins of the keys in the path of
the pins on the idle-wheels may be used without departing from the spirit of my
invention in this particular. The means I have described represent only one way
of accomplishing this purpose, and the way in which I have found convenient for
the purpose.
It is obvious that any sort of a movable frame may be substituted
for the oscillating frame. If other means be used for the above described
purpose, an oscillating or movable frame need not necessarily be employed, as
no separation of the axially-moving and idle-wheels may then be desired. Other
means may be employed to bring the type-wheels to zero, but I prefer the devices
set forth.
DEVICES AUTOMATICALLY LOCKING PRINTING WHEELS AT ZERO.
The printing wheels 72 may be frictionally restrained from rotating past and
held at their zero point when the operating handle is pulled, but prefer
to positively lock them in such position, and to unlock them when the finger-keys
are depressed as previously set forth, positively relocking them automatically at
zero when the operating handle is pulled. For this purpose the ends of the
printing-wheel locking pawls are slotted or notched, and provided with a
rounded part on each side of the slot or notch 306 therein. The slot of the
pawls 79 of the printing-wheels 72 is adapted to take over one of two pins 307
upon each of the gear wheels 75 attached to the printing-wheels (Figs. 6, 13
and 49). The pawls 79 of the printing-wheels do not lock into the teeth of the
spur-wheels 75 attached thereto, as do the locking pawls of the adding wheels 71
when the printing-wheels 72 are at zero. One of the pins 307 rests normally in the
said slots, and holds said printing-wheels positively locked until any given pawl is
moved away from its pin, when the wheels so unlocked may be rotated freely.
This unlocking of the pawls occurs when the keys are depressed and the cam 168
on the sleeve 166 impinges against the short arm of any pawl 79 (Fig. 49) as
previously explained. After each printing-wheel is suitably positioned, and an
impression taken therefrom, each pawl 79 is forced to its normal position by the
individual springs 171 previously referred to. The printing wheels after being
actuated, and belore the operating handle is pulled, are not locked by the pawls,
but are left temporarily in the position in which they are placed until the complete
number is registered and printed and the handle 275 is pulled. It matters not, of
course, whether the printing-wheels rotate out of their position after an impression
is taken from them for they have no function to perform again until the handle 275
is pulled.
When any pawl 79 is returned to its normal position after the printing-wheels
are rotated, it is within the path of its pin 307, so that when the handle 275 is

page_text: pulled and the key 281 in shaft 77 has its pins 282 put in the path of the pins 283
of the idle-wheels 78, the said idle-wheels will turn to their initial positions, and
will rotate the wheels 75 of the printing-wheels, bringing one of the pins 307
against one or the other curved side of the pawl. The pins 307 will ride over one
of the curved parts of the pawl 79 until the slot 306 is encountered, when the pawl
will snap over the pin and lock the printing wheels positively at zero, the
springs 171 causing the snapping action of the pawls. The pins 307 ride over one
or the other of the curved parts of the pawl at each side of the slot, depending
upon in which direction the printing-wheels have been rotated, i.e. whether they
have been turned in one direction to cause the machine to add, or in the other
direction to cause the machine to subtract. If one or more of the printing-wheels
in adding or subtracting a number have not been actuated, but have been left at
zero to print a cipher in the number, such wheel or wheels will not have their
pawls unlocked, and one of the pins 307 of such wheel or wheels will remain in the
slot in its pawl and hold said wheels at zero during the entire time. When the
printing wheels are brought to zero, they are ready to be rotated again to any
character to print the next number to be registered by the machine.
HANDLE CONNECTIONS FOR FEEDING INK RIBBON AND PAPER.
The forward end of the arm 292, secured to the side oscillating frame 68, is
attached to the link 209, which is secured to the inner end of the lever 205*
carrying the ink-ribbon feeding pawls 206 and 207 (Figs. 4, 6, 13, 23 and 24).
From this it will be seen that each time the handle 275 is moved to and fro and the
oscillating frame vibrated back and forth, the lever 205 will move up and down
the ink-ribbon-feeding pawls 206 and 207, so as to feed the ribbon each time the
handle is pulled, and after a complete number has been registered by the machine
and another number is to be registered and printed.
The rod 196, which is connected to the paper-feeding devices, and the actuation
of which feeds the paper for the next number to be printed in the manner and by
the means heretofore set forth, is connected to a red 206", which ties together the
upper part of the oscillating side-frames 68 and 69 (Figs. 6, 9 and 27). When
the oscillating frame is moved back and forth by the actuation of the handle as
described, the paper will be fed and ready for recording the next number. Thus
it will be seen that the actuation of the handle 275 not only brings the carriage to
its starting point, winds the motor and rotates the printing-wheels to zero, but that
said handle feeds the paper and inking ribbon, greatly simplifying the action of
the machine, and making it convenient to operate and its operation automatic
throughout. All it is necessary to do to add or subtract and record numbers is to
operate the keys and pull the handle after each complete number is struck upon
the keys. Other connections than those described may be made between the
operating handle and the ink-ribbon and paper-feeding devices without departing
from my invention. The means described for these purposes are set forth merely
to disclose one means of accomplishing the objects, and to show by way of
illustration, how the same may be carried out.
APPLIANCES FOR BRINGING ADDING WHEELS TO ZERO.
In the key seat or groove 281ª (Fig. 49) passing from one end of the shaft 77 to
the other end and at the left-hand side of the machine, is a second key 310 having
pins similar in every respect to the key 281 of Fig. 45. The idle-wheels of the
registering or adding wheels have pins 311 upon them, the same as the pins 283 on
the idle-wheels of the printing-wheels, and the pins of the key 310 are normally
without the path of the pins 311, the same as before described with reference to
the idle-wheels of the printing-wheels, (Figs. 16, 38 and 53). The key 310 is
secured to a collar 312 which is free to slide upon the shaft 77, and which shaft
may rotate independently of said sleeve. Into a peripheral groove in said collar,

page_text: takes the nose, of a projection 313 upon a shaft 314 journalled in brackets
extending from the upright stationary side-frame 66 of the machine (Fig. 38).
The shaft 314 has about it a coiled spring 314" which tends to move the collaar 312
away from the side frame 66, and keep the pins on said key 310 out of the path of
the pins 311 (Fig. 53) on the idle-wheels of the adding-wheels, so that said idle-
wheels may rotate freely without being interfered with by the pins upon the
key 310. The shaft 314 has upon it an arm 315, the free end of which may be
provided with suitable handle or finger piece 315ª projecting within convenient
reach of the operator.
When the arm 315 is pulled downward, it overcomes the tension of the coiled
spring around the shaft 314, and moves the collar 312 out of its normal position
and towards the side frame 66, bringing the pins on the key 310 in the path of the
pins on the idle-wheels of the adding wheels, the same as previously described with
reference to the idle-wheels of the printing-wheels. When the handle 275 is
pulled while the arm 315 is depressed, the idle-wheels of the adding wheels will be
brought to their initial position, and the adding wheels will thereby be revolved to
zero. It will be remembered that every time the operating handle is pulled, the
movable frame is oscillated, and the axially-moving wheels separated from the
idle-wheels of both the printing and adding wheels, so that the idle-wheels of
the adding-wheels are free to be revolved. As before described, the shaft 77 is
rotated cach time the handle 275 is pulled, but the key 310 is not brought into
-requisition until the arm 315 is depressed, which is done at the will of the operator
when it is desired to start an entire new addition. The key 310 is not brought
into requisition automatically by the pulling of the handle as the key 281, which
controls the printing wheels is, but the adding wheels are only brought to zero by
pulling the handle when the key 310 is positioned at the will of the operator.
MECHANISM FOR UNLOCKING ADDING WHEELS TO BRING THEM
TO ZERO.
Inasmuch as the adding wheels are positively locked by the pawls 79, some
means must be devised to throw said pawls out of engagement with and unlock the
adding wheels before said wheels can be turned to zero to start a new addition. In
the present machine I design to have this done at the same time the key 310 is
shifted to bring its pins in the path of the pins on the idle-wheel, and just before
the handle 275 is pulled. This means consists of an arm 316 rigidly fastened to
the shaft 314 (Fig. 38). The arm 316 has pivoted to it a connecting rod 317 to
which is in turn pivoted an arm 318 rigidly fastened to a shaft 319, which carries a
cam 320 extending over all the pawls 79 of the adding wheels (Figs. 1, 13, 23, 24
and 53). The shaft 319 which carries the cam 320 is supported at each end
beneath the adding wheels by two bars 321 aud 322, extending respectively from
the plates 173 (Figs. 1, 13, 23 and 24). When the arm 315 is depressed, it draws
upwardly the connecting rod 317 and arm 318, thereby throwing the cam 320
against the locking pawls 79 and unlocking all of the adding wheels (Figs. 13
and 53) so that when the handle 275 is pulled they are free to be brought to their
zero position. The spring about the shaft 314 returns the parts to their normal
position and is assisted in this action by the individual springs 171 applied to the
locking pawls, as previously described. If need be other appliances may be
employed to unlock the adding wheels and bring them to zero.
DEVICES FOR ARRESTING ADDING WHEELS AT ZERO.
When the locking pawls 79 are thrown out of engagement with the gear
wheels 75 of the adding wheels 71 by operating the finger-piece 315, and the
handle 275 is pulled, there will then be nothing to prevent the adding wheels from
rotating past the zero point, and the momentum of said wheels may be sufficent to

page_text: Cause such over-rOLATION. Lo prevent this I provide each of the gear wheels OL
the adding wheels with a disk 323, which is notched at diametrically opposite
points (Fig. 53). I also secure to the cam 320 a number of bent fingers 324 one
for each adding wheel. These fingers normally do not touch the disk 323, but
when the cam 320 is operated by the finger-piece 315, the said fingers are thrown
into contact with the said disks. If any adding wheel has been operated, and is
not at zero when the cam 320 is operated, the end of its finger 324 will bear upon
the periphery of its disk, and when the adding wheels are rotated by pulling the
handle to bring them to zero, the bent ends of the fingers will snap into one or the
other of the two notches when the zero point is reached, and thus prevent further
rotation of the type-wheels, firmly holding them at the zero point and doing away
with the possibility of over-rotation. When the finger-piece 315, is liberated, the
cam 320 resumes its norinal position, the locking pawls 79 pass into engagement
with the gear-wheels of the adding wheels, and the fingers 324 are removed from
contact with the disks. Frictional means may be employed to stop the adding
wheels at zero if desired. The unlocking devices last described would then be
dispensed with.
SUBTRACTING AND CORRECTING.
I have previously described the motor gearing and the clutch mechanism by
which the direction of rotation of the axially-moving wheels and idle-wheels, and
thereby the printing and adding wheels may be reversed. Any means of
operating the clutch 87, (Figs. 11, 31, 32 and 38) for this purpose may be adopted
without materially affecting my invention. I have shown in the accompanying
drawing one means of operating the said clutch to effect addition or subtraction
at will, and for this purpose have provided a lever 326 with a pin 327 which takes
into a peripheral groove in the clutch 87. The said lever 326 is pivoted to a
collar 328 carried by the tie-rod 206 (Figs. 11, 12 and 38). Surrounding the free
end of the lever 320 is a sliding part 329, which is pivoted to a short arm or
crank 330 rigidly affixed to a spindle 331 journalted in brackets 332 and 333
extending from the inside of the upright stationary side frame 66 of the machine.
The spindle 331 extends within convenient reach of the operator, and is provided
with a knob 334, which may be adjacent to the arm 315, that is brought into
requisition to bring the adding-wheels to zero. When the spindle 331 is rotated
so as to swing the arm 330 and draw the part 329 to the left (Fig. 38), the
lever 326 will be drawn to the left and will move the clutch 87 in the same
direction, that is, from engagement with the wheel 86 into engagement with the
wheel 85. Rotating the spindle 331 in the opposite direction will throw the
parts 330, 329 and 326 to the right and move the clutch 87 from engagement
with the wheel 85 into engagement with the wheel 86. Upon the spindle 331
is rigidly affixed a spool or collar 335, the purpose of which will be described
hereinafter. Between the spool 335 and the bracket 333 is a spring coiled about
the spindle 331. This spring tends to keep the spindle in its retracted position.
From the bracket 333 extends a semi-cylindrical part 336, which is bored to
receive the lower half of the spindle 331. Upon this spindle and rigidly attached
thereto, is a corresponding semi-cylindrical part 337 (Figs. 36, 37 and 38).
Normally the two parts 336 and 337 rest against each other so as to make a
cylinder. In this position the spindle 331 is turned so as to throw, by means of
the parts 330, 329, 326 and 327, the clutch 87 into engagement with the wheel 86
and drive said wheel and its connected gearing, in such a direction as to add for
instance. By grasping the knob 334 and drawing the spindle forward until the
semi-cylindrical part 337 escapes the semi-cylindrical part 336, and then turning
the knob 334, so that the spindle 331 is turned to throw the arm 330 in such a
direction as to put the clutch 87 in communication with the wheel 85, the printing
and registering wheels of the machine will be driven in the opposite direction so
as to subtract, for instance. When the spindle 331 is drawn forward and rotated,
the end of the semi-cylindrical part 337 after the knob is liberated, engages the

page_text: end of the semi-cylindrical part 336, the spring upon the spindle holding said
parts firmly in contact, and preventing the spindle from being jarred so as to
throw the clutch out of engagement with the wheel 85. By now drawing the
knob slightly forward and turning the spindle, so that the semi-cylindrical
parts 336 and 337 register with each other, the spring 331 retracts the spindle.
The reversing of the motor, that is to say, the placing of the clutch 87 in
engagement with one wheel or the other, is effected by the rotary motion of
the spindle 331 but is not caused by the longitudinal movement of said spindle.
The connecting piece 329 permits the spindle 331 to be slid in and out, and
it allows the oscillating frame, 68, 69, 206 to move back and forth without
interfering with the spindle 331, the lever 326 by such connection being
permitted to slide longitudinally in said connecting piece. 1 may mention here
that the longitudinal motion of the spindle 331 is for the purpose of moving
back and forth the spool 335 to suitably control the carrying mechanism to be
hereinafter described, so that the said carrying mechanism will be governed to
add or subtract at will.
By referring to Figs. 33 and 34 of Sheet 10, it will be noted that the digits
upon the type-wheel of the printing-wheel shown in Fig. 33 are repeated thereon
twice in reverse series, but that the digits upon the adding-wheel shown in Fig. 34
are repeated thereon in two direct or regular series. The difference of arrange-
ment of type is due to the difference in function of the wheels. The printing-
wheels in Fig. 33 print only the numbers registered by the machine, and start
from zero each time a key is operated, whether the machine is adding or
subtracting. The function of the adding-wheels (Fig. 34) is, however, different,
their purpose being to indicate the sum of or difference between numbers, and
hence the arrangement described is adopted.
One of the chief advantages of having an adding machine that will subtract,
is to be able to make corrections in the work done by the machine. Suppose an
operator has discovered that a wrong number has been added, and it is desired to
correct the same. The knob 334 is manipulated so as to cause the machine to
subtract, and the number wrongly added is struck over again upon the keys.
This removes the wrong number from the machine and leaves the registering
wheels in the same position they were before such number was erroneously added.
Then by again manipulating the knob 334 so as to add, and striking the correct
number on the keys, addition may be continued. It will be obvious that where
the wrong number has been subtracted, the reverse of the preceding operation
may be gone through with to effect correction. The correction of a number may
apply to the correction of wrongly added digits, or to the taking out of the
machine the entire number containing the digit as one element.
Another advantage of having the same machine both add and subtract is to
furnish a means for verifying the work and of striking balances (Fig. 35) Let
us suppose that a series of numbers have been added by the machine and a certain
result is obtained. By changing the machine so as to subtract, and operating the
keys to subtract the same numbers which were added to obtain the result, the
adding-wheels should register zero. This indicates the correctness of the result
obtained by addition. If the adding wheels by the method pursued, are not
brought to zero, then the work of the machine has been at fault. If one direction
of rotation be used for addition, then the other direction of rotation will effect
subtraction, and it matters not which direction of rotation be selected by the
operator to add and which to subtract.

page_text: rod 200 of the oscillating frame at the rear end, where it is provided with a slot,
formed by a prong 344 extending therefrom to permit the rod 206" to have the
necessary motion which the oscillating frame has. The side bars 340 and 3+1 rest
mediately at their forward part upon a shaft 345, which is supported at each end
at the top of the stationary side frames of the machine (Fig. 4). The side
bars 340 and 341 do not themselves rest upon the shaft 345, but are provided with
downward extensions 346 screwed thereto, which rest upon said shaft (Figs. 6
and 13). The shaft 345 carries a series of wheels 347, loosely journalled thereon,
of the same size as the idle-wheels 78, and corresponding in number to and meshing
with the idle-wheels of the adding-wheels. These wheels 347 accompany the
idle-wheels of the adding wheels, through all their movements. Each of said
wheels 347 is provided with an annulus 348 having a single tooth 349 (Fig. 55),
which tooth is adapted to operate upon a suitable part of the carrying mechanism
when carrying is to be effected. The wheels 347 are provided with ten teeth,
the same as the idle-wheel 78, this being one-half of the number of the teeth on
the axially-moving wheels 83 and 84, and one-half of the number of the teeth
of the type-wheel gear wheels 75.
Within the frame formed by the side bars 340 and 341 and the cross bar 342,
which frame is stationary, is a second frame adapted to reciprocate, and composed
of side bars 350 and 351 similar to each other. These bars 350 and 351 are
joined together by rods 352 and 353. The rods 352 and 353 project beyond the
side bars of the reciprocating or movable frame into slots in the side bars 340-
and 341 of the stationary frame, the said slots forming a means for guiding, and
permitting the reciprocating frame to move back and forth, and at the same time
sustaining it upon the fixed frame of the carrying mechanism (Figs. 4, 6, 13, 23
and 24).
Upon the shaft 352 of the reciprocating frame are mounted to swing
freely, a series of flat carrying-bars 354, the under side of which are provided with
three teeth and the forward ends of which are notched and cut away as shown in
the drawings. The three teeth of the carrying-bars 354 are adapted to come into
mesh with their respective carrying wheels 347 at the proper time, when suitably
operated to effect the carrying. The bars 354 correspond in number to the
carrying wheels 347 and are arranged in the same vertical plane with said wheels.
Pivoted to a downward extension from each flat bar 354, by a pin 355, is a
right-angle or bell-crank lever 356 arranged between the flat-bars 354, so that
the lower ends thereof, which are provided with two teeth or rounded projections,
are over their respective carrying-teeth 349 on the wheels 347. The said bell-
crank levers are adapted to be normally held down in position so as to be operated
upon by the carrying teeth. Gravity may be relied upon for this purpose, and
to hold the upright arm of the bell-crank lever against a stop-pin 357 carried by
each flat-bar 354. The action of gravity may be supplemented by a small
spring 358 bearing against the rear of each of the upright arms of the bell-crank
levers, and carried by a pin upon each of the carrying bars 354. To the upright
end of the bell-crank lever 356 is articulated a link 359, which is in turn
articulated to a hook 360 (Fig. 54), forming a latch for each of the carrying-bars,
and adapted to engage a pin 361, upon each of said bars. The hooks 360 are
loosely swung upon a shaft 362 sustained at each end by standards 363 and 364,
extending from the side-bars 350 and 351 respectively of the reciprocating or
movable frame. Normally the carrying-bars 354 are all latched in their raised.
positions by the hooks 360.
When carrying is to be effected, the free arms of the right-angular levers 356 arc
operated by the single carrying teeth 349, which by the convections described actuates
the hook 360 so as to unlatch the raised carrying-bar 354 of the next order above.
Suppose it is necessary to carry, for instance, from units to tens, the right-angular
lever between the units and tens carrying bars will have its free end over the units
wheel carrying tooth 349, and will unlatch the hook 360 which sustains in place
the (next above or) iens carrying bar. It will be observed that the right-.
angular lever does not unlock the carrying-bar upon which it is mounted, but the

page_text: carrying-bar next above. Should gravity not be sufficient to cause the carrying-
bars to fall when unlatched, each of said bars may be provided with a helic il
spring 365, which is connected to a cross-bar of the reciprocating frame at one en 1,
and to the carrying-bars at the other end.
It will be understood that in my carrying apparatus the carrying members or
bars may unlock one another, that is to say, the carrying-bar below (ie. of a lower
order) may unlock the carrying-bar or bars above, or of a higher order, when the
registering wheels and carrying teeth corresponding to each of the carrying-bars
above are one step removed from carrying position. Suppose, for instance, that 99
is recorded on the units and tens wheel, and that 1 is added to units. The units
registering wheel 347 and carrying tooth 349 will strike in their rotation the bell-
crank lever 356 and unlock the latch 360, letting the units carrying-bar, between
the units and tens wheel, drop. This dropping of the units carrying-bar referred
to will carry down with it, at the same time, the bell-crank lever 356 pivoted
upon said bar. One of the teeth on the free end of the bell-crank lever 356
will now impinge against the carrying tooth 349 between the tens and hundreds,
and will throw upwards this end of the bell-crank lever, and backward the
upper end of the said bell-crank lever, drawing on the link 359, and operating
the latch 360, which sustains 359, and operating the latch 360, which sustains in
position the tens carrying bar 354 between tens and hundreds, thereby permitting
said tens carrying-bar to drop upon the rest 391. It will be noted that the units
carrying bar has, by the connections referred to, unlatched or positioned the tens
carrying-bar for carrying, and that this has not been caused by the revolution of
the tens carrying wheel, but on the contrary, is independent of the revolution of
the tens wheel, which has remained stationary during this operation. When.
now the carrying mechanism is moved back or forth, the carrying-bars referred to,
after the rest 391 has been lowered, will drop into engagement with the carrying
wheels, and will turn said wheels through the space of one tooth. This action of
one carrying-bar unlocking another through the instrumentality of the connection:
referred to, will take place no matter how many carrying wheels are at nine, or
one step removed from the carrying point, and the actuation of one bar by the
rotation of the carrying teeth will be sufficient to unlatch every carrying bar,
provided its corresponding carrying-wheel and tooth is at nine, or but one step
removed from carrying position. One carrying-bar when unlatched, will not,
however, operate the one or ones above when the carrying wheels corresponding to
said carrying-bar or bars are not at nine, or one step removed from carrying
position, for then when a carrying-bar which is unlatched drops, carrying down
with it its bell-crank lever 359, the teeth on the free end of said bell-crank lever
do not strike against. its carrying tooth 349, because said tooth 349 is not in
the path of or in position to impinge against the said bell-crank lever, and
therefore the spring 358 holds the bell crank lever 356 it its normal position and
maintains the carrying-bar next above in its latched condition. It will be seen,
therefore, that all the carrying-bars which are to carry for an entire number, are
positioned or unlatched before any of the carrying takes place, and that all of said
carrying-bars carry simultaneously and independently when actuated, and not
successively and progressively, as in the carrying mechanisms heretofore devised
and with which I am familiar. This 1 regard as a decided advantage, in that the
carrying-bars are all positioned or unlatched during the striking off of an entire
number on the keys, and all the carrying is performed subsequently thereto. Each
wheel and carrying-bar actuated during carrying is independently and simul-
taneously operated by the same movement, to an uniform extent, and therefore
there is ample chance for the parts having opportunity to act. Over-rotation of
the wheels during carrying is also guarded against by this means. This feature
of having one carrying member unlock or position another for carrying inde-
pendently of the rotation of any of the registering wheels and carrying teeth,
except the first or actuating one of the lower order, is, so far as I am aware,
novel.

page_text: HANDLE CONNECTIONS FOR ACTUATING CARRYING MECHANISM.
The reciprocating frame in which the carrying-bars 354 are mounted may be
normally held in a backward position, for instance, and propelled forward to carry
for adding, for example, and may be held in a forward position and moved
rearwardly to carry for subtracting, for instance. The carrying mechanisin may
be reciprocated in any suitable way, either by the keys direct, or by a motor, or
may be operated by extraneous force. I prefer the latter means, and elect to have
the carrying take place after a complete number has been struck upon the keys,
and not to have the carrying done upon the registration of each digit of the
number. This method of operation has several advantages, in the first place: it
makes the key resistance less not to have the carrying done by the keys direct,
and also gives the keys uniformity of resistance, which they would not have if
they did the carrying. In the next place, the means preferred has advantages
over permitting the motor to actuate the carrying mechanism, for the carrying
would then have to be done when the keys were depressed, and sufficient time
might not be afforded for the purpose. So also, having the motor do the carrying
might result in over-rotation of the registering wheels by reason of the velocity of
movement of the motor and gearing driven thereby, and this would also require a
larger motor of considerably more power. For these reasons I prefer to have
the carrying done by the operation of the handle 275, which is a deliberate
movement, and which operation must necessarily be gone through to feed the paper,
wind the motor, bring the carriage to the starting point etc.
The reciprocating frame 350, 351, 352 and 353 bearing the carrying-bars may
be operated to carry from the handle in any suitable way without departing
from my invention, but is preferably operated in the present machine by the
following means. Pivotally connected to the disk 269, which is rotated to and fro
in the are of the circle by operating the handle 275 as above explained is a rod 370
arranged adjacent to the rod 286 previously described. This rod passes upwardly
and is pivoted to a bar 371, the lower end of which is slotted or forked
and is guided by a shaft 372. The bar 371 is arranged adjacent to the fixed side-
frames 66 of the machine, and is maintained vertical (Figs. 4, 6, 13, 23 and 24).
The said bar at its upper end branches into and forms an open quadrangular part
or member 373, having near its upper part two notches directly opposite and on
the insides of the vertical limb of the quadrangular part. One or the other of
these notches is adapted to engage either one of pins 374 and 375 respectively,
carried by the diametrically opposite arms of an inverted T-lever 376 mounted
upon the shaft 345 previously referred to (Figs. 4, 23, 24 and 50).
When the disk 269 is turned back and forth by operating the handle 275,
the rod 370 pulls downwardly the bar 371 and quadrangular part 373. When the
said handle and disk 269 immediately thereafter return to their normal position
the aforesaid parts are raised. When the pin 374 of the T-lever 376 is in
engagement with its notch in the open quadrangular part 373, and the parts are in
their raised position, the principal arm of the T-lever will be deflected toward the
rear of the machine (Fig. 23) and will normally maintain such position. As
soon as the handle is pulled, the T-lever will now be deflected towards the front of
the machine (Fig. 24) by means of the connection described. Upon the parts
resuming their normal position, the T-lever will be pushed backwardly to its
former position. Thus it will be seen under the assumptions made that the T-lever
is normally towards the rear of the machine, but is, by pulling of the handle,
thrown forwardly and then backwardly.
If the pin 375 upon the other arm of the T-lever be placed in engagement with
the other notch in the quadrangular part 373 (Fig. 4), the principal arm of the
T-lever will be normally forward towards the front of the machine, and when the
handle is pulled and the quadrangular part drawn downwardly thereby, it will
move the principal arm of the T-lever towards the rear of the machine. As soon
K

page_text: as the quadrangular part rises by the return movement of the handle, the T-lever
will be thrown forwardly to its normal position. The upper end of the T-lever is
that which moves the carrying mechanism in one direction or the other, depending
upon whether addition or subtraction is to be effected. When the pins of the
T-lever are in engagement with one notch of the quadrangular part, say the
pin 374 is in its notch, the carrying mechanism will be operated to carry one for
addition for one or more of the numerical orders; and when the pin 375 for
instance, is in engagement with its notch, the mechanism will be set so as
to carry one, for subtraction, that is to subtract one from the next higher
order.
MEANS CONTROLLING CARRYING MECHANISM TO ADD OR SUBTRACT.
The T-lever 376 may be operated by any means to have its pins thrown in
engagement with one or the other notch of the quadrangular part, but is
preferably operated for this purpose by shifting the quadrangular part 373
slightly to one side or the other, that is, slightly to the rear or to the front of the
machine. This shifting of the quadrangular part is accomplished by the spool
or collar 335 previously described, upon the shaft 331 (Figs. 23, 24, and 38).
One limb of the quadrangular part 373 engages the spool 335, so that when the
knob 334 of the shaft 331 is pulled outwardly or permitted to move inwardly, the
quadrangular part will be shifted as aforesaid. This occurs at the same time that
the shaft 331 is rotated by the knob 334, to change the clutch 37 from one of its
wheels to the other, to reverse the direction of rotation of the printing and
registering wheels. Thus it will be seen that the carrying mechanism is reversed
in its action at the same time that the registering mechanism proper is reversed in
its action. When one of the pins carried by the T-lever engages its notch, the
other pin and other end of the T-lever escape the opposite vertical side of the
quadrangular part, causing no interference therewith.
The pins of the T-lever will not of themselves engage the notches of the
quadrangular part by merely shifting the quadrangular part slightly, that is to
say, the change from one pin and one notch to the other pin and the other notch
cannot be made by merely shitting the quadrangular part as explained, for the
reason that when one pin is in engagement with its notch, the other pin is below
its notch. This change is made by holding the knob 334 in one or the other
position as the case may be, and then pulling the handle 275, which latter moves
the quadrangular part 373 up and down and causes the pin which is to be made to
engage its notch to ride along its vertical limb of the quadrangular part until its
notch is encountered in the passage, when the said pin will snap into its notch
and effect the desired engagement, and the other pin will be withdrawn from its
notch.
APPLIANCES ACTUATING CARRYING MECHANISM BY HANDLE
CONNECTIONS.
Having shown how the T-lever which operates the carrying mechanism is
ositioned and ment

page_text: joining another horizontal part near the top of said plate. The shaft 383 has also
connected to it arms 386 and 387 rigid to the same and forming therewith a rock-
shaft. These arms are connected by means of links 388 and 389 respectively to
the uprights 363 and 364, which are secured to the side-bars 350 and 351 of the
reciprocating frame, as previously described.
When the plate 378 is reciprocated by the T-lever, the pin upon the arm 382
travels along through the slot 381 in said plate, from its initial position (Figs. 23
and 50) with lost motion until it encounters the diagonal or inclined part of the
slot, when the plate 378 impels the pin 382 and arm 382 forward, thereby rotating
the shaft 383 so as to swing forwardly the arms 386 and 387, thereby drawing
the links 388 and 389 forwardly so as to move forwardly the reciprocating
frame 350, 351, 352, and 353 (Figs. 4, 24, 57 and 58). When the T-lever returns
to its former position, the movable frame will be impelled in the opposite direction
by the connections described, the screw-pin on arm 382 traversing the slot 381 in
the opposite direction, and moving the parts referred to in the reverse of the
direction referred to. If the parts are in their initial position to subtract as shown
in Fig. 4, where the notch in the quadrangular part is in engagement with the
pin 375 of the T-lever, which is normally now in a forward position, and the
screw-pin on the end of arm 382 in the rearward horizontal part of the slot 381,
and the handle 275 is operated, the T-lever will move rearwardly and impel in
that direction the plate 378. When the pin on the arm 382 encounters the incline
part of the slot 381 the shaft 383 will be turned in an opposite direction to that
first mentioned, and will first move the reciprocating frame 350, 351, 352 and 353
in which the carrying-bars 354 are mounted, rearwardly, or in an opposite direction
to that previously described. When the connections referred to are moved in an
opposite direction, the reciprocating frame will be impelled in an opposite direction
in an evident manner, and will resume its normal position for subtracting..
POSITION.
Inasmuch as the carrying is done after the complete number is struck upon the
keys, and when the handle is pulled, but not during the operation of the keys, it
will not do in the mechanism described, to let the carrying-bars pass at once after
being suitably positioned by the carrying-teeth 349 into engagement with the
carrying-wheels 347, because this would interfere with the operation of the
registering-wheels and carrying mechanism. To obviate this I design to have
the carrying-bars when liberated by the connections described through the
instrumentality of the carrying-teeth 349, drop upon or be still held in their raised
position by some suitable means, which will permit said bars to come into engage-
ment with the carrying wheels 347 when the handle 275 is pulled. For this
purpose I provide the movable or reciprocating frame of the carrying mechanism
with a shaft 390, supported at each end by the side bars 350 and 351 beneath the
carrying-bars, and carrying a cam or rest 391 upon which the carrying-bars 354
may drop (Fig. 51) when suitably liberated to carry in the manner hereinbefore
set forth. The shaft 390 passes through the fixed side-bar 340 (Figs. 4, 23, 24
and 56), and works in a slot in said bar. It is provided where it protrudes through
the side-bar 340 with a right-angle or bell-crank lever 392, the upper end of which
bell-crank is provided with a screw-pin 392", which works in a second slot 393 in
the plate 378, said slot having an inclined portion and a vertical portion as shown
in Figs. 4, 23, 24 and 50. The other end of the hell-crank lever 392 has upon it
a pin 394, against which is adapted to impinge a lug 395, extending downwardly
from the bottom of the plate 378, so as to operate the said bell-crank lever.
Connected to the bell-crank lever 392 by the pin 394 is a link 396 pivotally affixed
to a crank arm 397 upon the end of a rock-shaft 398, which protrudes through the
slot in the fixed side-bar 340, in which slot works the bar 353 as before described.

page_text: The shaft 398 has upon it two arms 399 and 400 which support a rod 401
(Figs. 1, 4, 6, 13, 23, 24, 51, 52, 53, 56, 57 and 58). The rod 401 by the means
described is adapted to swing in under the carrying-bars, which have not been
unlatched by the carrying-wheels, so that when the handle 275 is pulled the
possibility of the carrying-bars, which have not been positioned by the carrying
mechanism to carry, carrying is averted (Figs. 52 and 57), and said carrying-bars
prevented by any possibility from carrying. The rod 401 comes between the
unoperated or raised carrying-bars and the carrying-bars which have fallen upon
the cam 391 and made their first drop (Figs. 51, 52 and 57).
•
mechanism to carry, carrying is averted (Figs. 52 and 57), and said carrying-bars
prevented by any possibility from carrying. The rod 401 comes between the
unoperated or raised carrying-bars and the carrying-bars which have fallen upon
the cam 391 and made their first drop (Figs. 51, 52 and 57).
•
CONNECTIONS PUTTING UNLATCHED CARRYING-BARS IN CARRYING
POSITION.
Let us suppose that the carrying mechanism is positioned to carry for addition,
for instance (Fig. 23) with the screw pin 392 on the upper end of the bell-crank
lever 392 resting in the vertical part of the slot 393 in plate 378. If the plate 378
be moved forwardly by pulling the operating handle 275 as previously described,
the upper end of the bell-crank lever 392 will be moved forwardly and the lower
part of the bell-crank lever will be moved rearwardly, drawing upon the link 396
and moving the crank arm 397 rearwardly, thereby bringing the rod 401 beneath
the carrying-bars which have remained latched, and above the carrying-bars which
have been unlatched. This occurs during the first part of the movement of the
plate 378 & handle 275, and during the time the pin 382" upon the arm 382 is
travelling in the upper horizontal part of the slot 381 previously described, and
during which there is lost motion between the plate 378 & said arm 382. The
plate 378 continues to move forward the upper end of the bell-crank lever 392
until said end is moved downwardly sufficient to escape the vertical part of the
slot and encounter the inclined part thereof (Fig. 24). When the bell crank
lever 392 gradually resumes its previous position in travelling up the incline of the
slot 393, the rod 401 is finally withdrawn from beneath the carrying bars 354
when the upper end of the bell-crank lever reaches the top of the inclined part of
the slot 393. During the time the upper end of the bell-crank lever 392 is
travelling up the incline of the slot 393, the movable frame in which the carrying-
bars are mounted is being impelled forward to carry by the pin on the arm 382
encountering the incline part of the slot 381. While the bell crank lever 392 has
its upper end impelled forwardly and downwardly by the forward motion of the
plate 378, it is turning the shait 390 in such a direction as to lower the cam 391,
and cause the carrying-bars which have dropped thereon to pass into engagement
with the carrying-wheels 347, that is, from the position shown in Fig. 51 to the
position illustrated in Figs. 52 & 57. It has just been shown that this movement
of the bell-crank lever 392 takes place previous to the movement forward of the
movable frame in which the carrying-bars are mounted, consequently the unlatched
carrying-bar or bars are allowed to make their second drop & pass into engagement
with the carrying-wheels, before the movable frame is impelled forward, that is,
from the position shown in Fig. 52 to the position shown in Fig. 57, the former of
which views shows the mechanism just previous to carrying, and the latter view
illustrates the mechanism during carrying. It will be understood that the
movement of the movable frame is of such extent as to move the adding or
registering wheels through one tooth, or from one character or digit on said wheels
to the next thereon only.

page_text: previously described and as shown in Figure 53. If the parts are in position, say
for subtracting (Fig. 58) the carrying-bars 354 will be in such position that when
they drop the notch 406 therein, instead of the notch 407 as previously described,
will engage the pin 405 when the handle is pulled & any of the carrying-bars are
unlatched. The backward movement of the reciprocating frame, bearing the
carrying-bars, will then move the lever 403 in an opposite direction to that shown
in Fig. 57 but will depress the lever 408 the same as before and unlock the pawls 79
automatically, as explained.
Where a frictional or non-positive means is employed to keep the adding-wheel
at zero, the unlocking devices acting in conjunction with the carrying mechanism
to unlock the adding-wheels, may be dispensed with.
It will be noted that my adding machine is reversible throughout. Not only
can the registering mechanism proper and the carriage be reversed in direction of
motion as and for the purposes previously set forth, but the carrying mechanism
can also be reversed to carry for addition or subtraction at will. My carrying
mechanisin may be used with forms of adding machines other than that herein
described, & I do not wish to limit such mechanism to use with any particular
kind of adding machine. And on the other hand, other forms of carrying
mechanism may be used with my machine, & 1 do not wish to confine myself to
any particular form of carrying mechanism, except when otherwise stated in my
claims.
The motor mechanism, the escapement mechanism the carriage mechanism, and
the carrying and other mechanisms herein set forth, while dependent upon each
other to a certain extent in my machine, are independent of each other when
broadly considered and may be replaced with other forms of mechanism without
departing from my invention.
MODIFICATION OF FOREGOING MACHINE TO ADAPT IT FOR THE BRITISH
MONETARY SYSTEM.
To adapt the foregoing machine for the British monetary system, it is necessary
to make but a few changes, the main features of the machine being the same as
before. Fig. 12ª, Sheet 15, is a plan view of a part of the machine, showing such
modifications, this view corresponding to Fig. 12 of Sheet 5, but omitting many of
the features shown in the latter mentioned figure. Fig. 134, Sheet 16, is another
view showing the modifications to adapt the foregoing machine for British money,
& corresponds to Fig. 13 of Sheet 6, but omits many of the features shown in the
latter figure, as they are the same in the modified machine as in the foregoing
machine. Figs. 55, 55, 55°, & 55" of Sheet 16 are isometric views illustrating
the carrying wheels as modified for the British machine, & correspond to Fig. 55
of Sheet 13. Figs. 534 & 53B of Sheet 17, are side views of the slightly modified
carrying mechanism for the British machine, & correspond to Fig. 53 of Sheet 13,
the parts in these latter figures which are heavily shaded representing the parts
which are modified to make the necessary adaptation. Figs. 13 & 13 are detail
views illustrating modifications of the type-wheel locking-pawls illustrated in
Fig. 13 of Sheet 6, to adapt said parts for the British machine.
The same marks of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in
Sheets 15, 16 & 17, illustrating the British machine, as in the other sheets of
drawings. For the British machine, I provide two additional numbered keys, 10
and 11, making twelve numbered keys instead of ten as previously described, the
number of key-bars 118 being also correspondingly increased. I employ also twelve
upright rods 111, having escapement racks which engage a corresponding number
of escapement wheels upon the escapement shaft 107 as previously described. I
use also the axially-moving wheels 83 & 81 connected by a sleeve 82 and sliding

page_text: upon a shaft 81 rotated by the motor as before. For adding and subtracting
pounds the machine is in all respects substantially the same as previously
described.
To add or subtract and print shillings I employ two type-wheels in both the
adding and printing wheels, each type-wheel having a gear wheel 75 secured
thereto as previously described, and meshing into idle wheels 78. One of the said
wheels or type-disks for shillings is engraved with the numbers 0 to 9 repeated
twice thereon for printing and indicating the units of shillings. The other type-
wheel of shillings is engraved with the numbers 0 & 1 only repeated thereon ten
times in the adding wheels 71, but in the printing wheels the tens shilling wheel
may be engraved from 0 to 9 repeated twice.
When the machine is properly operated either in adding or subtracting only two
sets of the characters 0 & I would be brought into use on the tens shilling printing-
wheel, but if a wrong key, say any key other than 1 or 0, were operated when the
machine was working in the tens of shillings order, the printing-wheels should
indicate and print the error. For this reason I engrave the tens shilling printing-
wheel as set forth. Inasmuch as the units of shillings carries only at the tens
point, the units carrying mechanism of shillings is the same as the carrying-wheels
previously described & as used for pounds. The tens carrying-wheel for shillings
inasmuch as it must carry every other time such wheel registers, is provided with
5 carrying teeth, a tooth corresponding to every other tooth being a carrying
tooth 349 as illustrated in Fig. 55, Sheet 16, the carrying wheel for the units of
shillings, as well as for pounds being as illustrated in Fig. 55", and having only one
carrying tooth 349.
When, however, farthings or pence are to be added or subtracted, modifications
are necessary in the proportions of the gear wheels as the ten or decimal system
cannot be followed. For these denominations, I adopt twenty-four or twelve as
the basis of operation. A single type-disk is preferably used for farthings and also
a single type-disk for pence. The latter has the numbers from 0 to 11 engraved
thereon and repeated twice, and the former has the characters 0 to 3 repeated
thereon 6 times for the adding-disks.
The printing wheel of farthings is preferably provided with characters 0 to 11
repeated twice, although when the machine is properly operated, only two sets of
the characters 0 to 3 are brought into use. Should however any other numbered
key than 0 to 3 be accidentally struck when the machine is working in farthing3
the farthings wheel should indicate the error. This it will do when the farthings
printing wheel is provided with characters as described.
Upon each of the type-disks for farthings & pence I secure a spur-wheel 75
having 24 teeth of the same size as before, which spur wheel is consequently larger
in diameter than the spur wheels 75 upon the shillings & pounds type-disks, which
latter spar wheels have only 20 teeth, as will be seen by reference to Figs. 124
& 134. It becomes necessary therefore to enlarge the type disks of farthings and
peace slightly & to enlarge also the other type-disks, so that they will all be of the
same size, that is the pounds & shillings type-disks of the same diameter as the
farthings and pence type-disks, whereby all the type-disks will present an even
printing surface. The type-disks of the pounds & shillings wheel are therefore
somewhat larger than the spur-wheel 75 attached thereto, and the type-disks of
the farthings and pence wheel are about the same diameter as the spur-wheels
attached thereto.
Into the spur-wheels of the pence & farthings wheels having 24 teeth as described
gear spur-wheel idlers, 78, having 1 teeth and consequently being of smaller
diameter than the idle-wheels 78 which gear into the spur-wheels attached to the
type disks of the shillings and pounds wheels, which latter idlers have 12 teeth and
gear into the somewhat smaller spur-wheels upon the type-disks of the shillings
and pounds spur-wheels, having 20 teeth only. It will therefore be evident
that the axially-moving wheels 83 & 84 will be out of mesh with the idle-wheels of
the farthings & pence wheels when opposite them, as shown in Figs. 12 & 13.

page_text: The axially-moving wheels 82 & 83 just clear the idle-wheels of the farthings &
pence wheels when opposite them. The reason for adopting the proportions
described is to permit the same keys and escapement to rotate the type-disks of the
different denominations to the requisite amount, that is, no more or no less than
necessary for each and every denomination, and at the same time to accomplish
this purpose in a simple way.
I have previously described that the axially-moving wheels 83 & 84, the shaft 81
carrying the same and the motor connections and gearing therefor are mounted
upon the oscillating frame previously described, which is normally held so that the
axially-moving wheels do not engage with the idle wheels 78. I have just explained
that in the British machine these axially-moving wheels do not engage with the
idle-wheels of the farthings & pence wheels when opposite them, so that some
means must be devised to put the axially-moving wheels in engagement with the
idle-wheels of the farthings & pence wheels, when it is desired to add or subtract
farthings and pence. For this purpose, I by preference provide a key 410, located
preferably at the left-hand side of the machine, and extending from the arm 292
attached to the side frame 68 of the oscillating frame carrying the axially-moving
wheels. This arm 292 in the British machine preferably rests against a pin 411
about which is coiled a helical spring 412, the upper end of which bears upon a
piece 413, secured to said pin. The pin 411 passes through two cars or horizontal
lugs 414 & 415, between which the spring 412 is arranged, said lugs being upon
the stationary side frame 66 of the machine. If need be, & there preferably should
be, a spring-actuated pin of this character at the other side of the machine upon
the other stationary side frame, upon which the spring pin the arm 293, extending
from the other side frame of the oscillating frame of the machine, bears.
When it is desired to add or subtract farthings & pence the key 410 is depressed
with a finger of the left hand, leaving the right hand free to manipulate the
numbered keys. Operating the key 410 depresses the spring-actuated pins 4il and
throws the oscillating frame slightly forward, just enough to cause the axially-
moving wheels 83 & 84 to engage the idle-wheels 78 of the farthings wheel, so that
when the numbered keys are operated the farthings wheel will be turned the
proper amount. By putting down the 9 key for instance, the farthings wheel will
not be rotated through ths of a revolution as in the machine first described, but
will be rotated owing to the differential gear adopted through ths of a revolution.
If the 9 key be now allowed to rise while the key 410 is held down by a finger of
the left hand, the carriage will feed the axially-moving wheels automatically in
mesh with the idle-wheels of the pence wheels. When another key is depressed
the required number of pence will be added, and after allowing the numbered key
to rise, and removing the finger from the key 410, the oscillating frame will be
caused by the springs 412 to resume its normal position and the carriage will
automatically feed the axially-moving wheels in engagement with the units idle-
wheels of shillings.
The numbered keys may now be operated and the carriage will automatically
feed the axially-moving wheels along through the idle-wheels of the shillings and
pounds wheels it being unnecessary to hold down the key 410 for this purpose so
far as the shillings and pounds wheels are concerned. The 10 and 11 keys need
not be used when adding or subtracting shillings and pounds. So, too, only
the 0, 1, 2 & 3 numbered keys are used in working in farthings. When working
in shillings and pounds, the type-wheels of the shillings and pounds will be rotated
by the depression of a numbered key other than 0 through a divisor of twenty, and
not a divisor of 24, like the farthings & pence wheels, as the spur-wheels upon the
shillings & pounds wheels have but 20 teeth.
It is necessary in carrying out the foregoing proportions and number of teeth to
modify the carrying-wheels of farthings and pence. The farthings carrying-
wheel 347 is provided with 12 teeth and has 3 carrying-teeth 349 as illustrated in
Figure 55 of Sheet 16. The carrying-wheel for pence is likewise provided with
12 teeth but bas only a single carrying-tooth 349 as illustrated in Fig. 55 Sheet 16.
L

page_text: It follows of course that owing to the carrying-wheels 347 of the farthings &
pence wheel being provided with 12 teeth of the same size as the other wheels, said
carrying-wheels for farthings & pence are necessarily larger in diameter than the
other carrying wheels having only ten teeth of the same size and hence the carrying-
bars 354 and bell-crank levers 356, of the carrying mechanism for the farthings &
pence wheels must be slightly modified. For this purpose I change the shape of
the carrying-bar 354 slightly for the farthing and peuce wheels, and also the shape
of the bell-crank lever 356 slightly for said wheels bending or cutting said carrying-
bars and the free ends of said bell-crank levers 356 upward a little, as shown in
Fig. 53, Sheet 17, so that said carrying bars and the teeth upon the end of the
bell-crank levers 356 will properly co-operate with the carrying-wheels of
farthings and pence and with the carrying-teeth upon said wheels. The modifica-
tion of these parts may be seen by comparing them with the same parts shown in
Fig. 53 of Sheet 17, which represents the usual construction of said parts, as used
for shillings and pounds. In these figures I have shaded the parts referred to, in
order to more clearly indicate the slight change made therein.
In Figs. 13 & 13 Sheet 17 are illustrated the modifications necessary in the
type-wheel locking pawls 79 in order to adapt them to the spur-wheels 75 of two
different sizes in the British machine.
In the British machine I may dispense entirely with the aligning bar 261
previously described with reference to the first described machine; or I may
modify the same so as to have it properly strike up into the differential gear of the
idle wheels 78; or I may use such a bar for the idle wheels of the shillings and
pounds wheels only.
It will be understood that substantially all the parts of the first described
machine remain substantially the same as at first described, with perhaps certain
obvious changes necessary to adapt the machine for the British monetary system.
Other ways and changes may be adopted to adapt the first described machine
to the British monetary system without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. An adding machine having a series of registering mechanisms--one for each
numerical order, printing devices recording the numbers registered, a motor
impelling said registering mechanisms and printing devices, a carriage deterinining
the numerical order in which the machine is working, and keys controlling said
motor and carriage.
2. An adding machine having a series of adding-wheels, registering the numbers
added, printing devices, and a shiftable impression-taking device by which the
different numbers registered may be printed by said printing devices, and the
result of the numbers added and registered upon the adding-wheels may be
printed directly from the said adding-wheels, by shifting said impression-taking
device.
3. The combination of registering wheels, printing devices for recording the
different numbers registered, keys for operating said registering wheels and printing
devices, an impression-taking device travelling widthwise of the machine, a carriage
for positioning said impression-taking device widthwise of the machine and deter-
mining from which of the printing devices an impression may be taken, a paper-
sheet mounted independently of said carriage, and an inking ribbon at the opposite
side of said paper-sheet from said printing devices and between the paper-sheet and
impression-taking device.
4. The combination of registering wheels, printing devices, keys controlling said
registering wheels and printing devices, an impression-taking device travelling
widthwise of the machine, and determining from which of the printing devices an
impression may be taken, a carriage for positioning said impression-taking device
widthwise of the machine, a paper-sheet mounted independently of said carriage,

page_text: an inking ribbon arranged across the paper-sheet between the ession-taking
device and the paper-sheet, and actuating connections for vibrating said ink ribbon
transversely of its length for the purpose described.
5. The combination of a series of registering wheels, a series of printing wheels
for recording the numbers registered, an impression-taking device travelling
widthwise of the machine, a carriage for positioning said impression-taking device
widthwise of the machine and determining from which of the printing wheels an
impression may be taken, a bulletin sheet, a frame independent of said carriage aud
maintaining that side of the bulletin sheet away from the printing wheels in view
of the operator, keys for operating said registering and printing wheels and
carriage, and an inking ribbon at the opposite side of the bulletin sheet from said
printing wheels and between the bulletin sheet and the impression-taking device.
6. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-wheels,
a carriage determining which of the printing and adding wheels may be operated,
an impression-taking device arranged in front of the printing-wheels, a bulletin
sheet interposed between the printing-wheels and the impression-taking device, and
an inking means arranged between bulletin sheet and the impression-taking device,
and keys suitably controlling the series of registering and printing wheels and the
carriage and the impression-taking device.
7. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a motor for rotating the
same, keys controlling the motor, and a carriage governed by said keys and
determining which of the registering-wheels may be actuated.
8. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a motor for impelling the
same, keys controlling the motor, a carriage governed by said keys and determining
which of the registering-wheels may be actuated, a motor-winding mechanism, a
handle for said latter mechanism, and connections intermediate the handle and the
carriage by which the carriage is brought to the starting point at the same time
the motor is wound.
9. The combination of a series of registering wheels, keys controlling the same,
a series of carrying members suitably positioned by said registering wheels during
the operation of the keys controlling said registering-wheels, and a device operated
at will, actuating the said carrying members to carry after they have been
positioned by the registering wheels during the operation of the keys.
10. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, keys controlling the same,
a carriage governed by said keys and determining which of the registering wheels
may be actuated, a handle for bringing the carriage to its starting point, a carrying
mechanism suitably positioned by the registering-wheels, and connections inter-
mediate the said carrying mechanism and said handle, whereby operating the handle
brings the carriage to the starting point and causes the carrying mechanism to
carry.
11. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a motor for rotating the
same, keys controlling the motor, a carriage governed by said keys and deter-
mining which of the registering wheels may be actuated, a motor-winding
mechanism, a handle for the motor-winding mechanism, a carrying mechanism
suitably positioned by the registering-wheels, and actuating devices connecting the
said handle to the carrying mechanism.
12. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a motor for impelling the
same, keys controlling the motor, a carriage governed by the said keys and
determining which of the registering-wheels may be actuated, a motor-winding
mechanism, a handle for the motor-winding mechanism, connections intermediate
the handle and the carriage by which the carriage is brought to the starting point
at the same time the motor is wound, a carrying mechanism suitably positioned
by the registering-wheels, and actuating devices connecting the said handle to the
carrying mechanism.
13. The combination of a series of registering wheels, a motor for impelling the
same, keys controlling the motor, a carriage governed by said wheels and deter-
mining which of the registering-wheels may be actuated, a motor-winding

page_text: mechanism, a handle for said latter mechanism, connections intermediate the
carriage and motor-winding mechanism, by which the carriage is brought to the
starting point at the same time the motor is wound, printing devices recording
the numbers registered, and paper-feeding devices operated by said handle.
14. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, keys controlling the
same, printing devices recording the numbers registered, a carrying mechanism
suitably positioned by the registering-wheels, and a handle having suitable con-
nections with the paper-feeding devices and also connections with the carrying
mechanism.
15. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a motor for impelling
the same, keys controlling the motor, a motor-winding mechanisin, a handle for
said motor-winding mechanism, a carrying mechanism suitably positioned by the
registering wheels, printing devices recording the numbers registered, paper-
feeding devices, and connections intermediate the handle and the paper feeding
devices and carrying mechanism.
16. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a motor for impelling
the same, keys controlling the motor, a carriage governed by said keys and
determining which of the registering-wheels may be actuated, a motor-winding
mechanism, printing devices recording the numbers registered, paper-feeding
devices, a carrying mechanism suitably positioned by the registering-wheels, and a
handle having suitable connections with the motor-winding mechanism, the carriage,
the paper-feeding devices and the carrying mechanism.
17. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-wheels
recording the numbers registered, a carriage determining which of the registering
and printing wheels may be actuated, and a handle having suitable connections
for bringing the carriage to the starting point and the printing-vheels to zero.
18. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-
wheels recording the numbers registered, paper-feeding devices, and a handle having
suitable connections for bringing the printing-wheels to zero and actuating the
paper-feeding devices.
19. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-wheels
recording the numbers registered, paper-feeding devices, a carriage determining
which of the registering and printing wheels may be actuated, and a handle having
suitable connections for bringing the printing-wheels to zero the carriage to a
starting point and actuating the paper-feeding devices.
20. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-wheels
recording the numbers registered, paper-feeding devices, a carrying mechanism,
suitably positioned by the registering-wheels, and a handle having suitable con-
nections for bringing the printing-wheels to zero, actuating the paper-feeding
devices, and operating the carrying mechanism.
21. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-
wheels recording the numbers registered, paper-feeding devices, a carrying
mechanism suitably positioned by the registering-wheels, a carriage determining
which of the registering and printing wheels may be actuated, and a handle having
suitable connections for bringing the printing wheels to zero, feeding the paper,
operating the carrying mechanism, and returning the carriage to the starting
point.
22. The combination of registering-wheels, a series of printing devices, keys
controlling said registering-wheels and printing devices, an impression-taking
device travelling widthwise of the machine for taking impressions from said
printing devices, a carriage for positioning said impression-taking device widthwise
of the machine, and determining from which of the printing devices an impression
may be taken, a paper-sheet mounted independently of said carriage, an inking
ribbon, and a handle having suitable connections for returning the carriage and
impression-taking device to the starting point and feeding the inking ribbon.
23. The combination of registering wheels, carrying mechanism, a suitable motor
for rotating the registering wheels, printing devices, a carriage for determining

page_text: which of the registering wheels may be rotated and spacing the printing,
and a handle having suitable connections for winding the motor, drawing the
carriage to its starting point, feeding the paper, actuating the carrying mechanism,
and bringing the printing devices to their zero position.
24. The combination of registering wheels, carrying mechanism, a suitable motor
for rotating the registering-wheels, printing devices, an inking ribbon, a carriage
for determining which of the registering wheels may be rotated and spacing the
printing, and a handle having suitable connections for effecting separation of the
motive power from the registering wheels, winding the motor, bringing the carriage
to its starting point, feeding the paper and inking ribbon, and actuating the carrying
mechanism.
25. The combination of registering wheels, a series of printing devices, a
hammer for taking impressions from said printing devices, a carriage for deter-
mining from which of the printing devices an impression may be taken, and keys
controlling the registering wheels, the printing devices, the hammer and the
carriage.
26. The combination of registering wheels, a series of printing devices, a
hammer for taking impressions from said printing devices, a carriage for deter-
mining from which of the printing devices an impression may be taken, paper-
feeding devices, keys controlling the registering wheels, the printing devices, the
hammer and the carriage, an inking ribbon, and a handle having suitable
connections for feeding the inking ribbon and paper.
27. The combination of registering wheels, type-carrying devices for printing,
an impress-taking appliance, a motor impelling the registering wheels and
positioning the type-carrying devices, and keys controlling said motor.
28. The combination of registering wheels, printing devices, a motor for impelling
the registering wheels and printing devices, a motor-winding mechanism, keys
controlling the motor, paper-feeding devices, and a handle having suitable con-
nections with the motor-winding mechanism and paper-feeding devices.
29. The combination of registering wheels, printing devices, a motor impelling
the registering wheels and the printing devices, a motor-winding mechanism, a
carriage for spacing the printing, keys controlling the motor and carriage, and a
handle having suitable connections with the motor-winding mechanism and the
carriage, whereby the carriage may be brought to the starting point and the motor
wound by the same operation.
30. The combination of registering wheels, printing devices, a motor impelling
the registering wheels and the printing devices, a motor-winding mechanism, a
carriage for spacing the printing, keys controlling the motor and the carriage,
paper-feeding devices, and a handle having suitable connections with the motor-
winding mechanism, paper-feeding devices and carriage.
31. The combination of registering wheels, a series of printing devices, a motor
for impelling the registering wheels and printing devices, a motor-winding
mechanism, a carriage for spacing the printing, a hammer mounted upon the
carriage for taking impressions from any one of said series of printing devices,
keys controlling the motor, carriage and hammer, and a handle having suitable
connections with the motor-winding mechanism and carriage, whereby the motor
may be wound and the carriage brought to the starting point by said handle.
32. The combination of registering wheels, a series of printing devices, a motor
impelling the registering wheels and the printing devices, a motor-winding
mechanism, a carriage for spacing the printing, a hammer mounted upon the
carriage for taking impressions from said printing devices, keys controlling the
motor, carriage and hammer, paper-feeding devices, and a handle having suitable
connections with the carriage, the motor-winding mechanism and paper-feeding
devices.
33. The combination of registering wheels, a series of printing devices, a motor
impelling the registering wheels and the printing devices, a motor-winding
mechanism, a carriage for spacing the printing, a hammer mounted upon the

page_text: carriage for taking impressions from said printing devices, keys controlling the
motor, carriage and hammer, paper and inking ribbon feeding devices, and a
handle having suitable connections with the carriage, the motor-winding mechanism
and the paper and inking ribbon feeding devices.
34. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, printing devices, a
carriage determining which of the registering wheels may be actuated and spacing
the printing, a gear wheel carried by said carriage for imparting rotation to said
registering wheels, and keys governing said carriage and the extent of rotation of
said gear wheel.
35. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a motor for impelling the
same, printing devices, a carriage determining which of the registering-wheels may
he actuated and spacing the printing, a power wheel carried by the carriage and
impelled by the motor, a variable escapement mechanism determining the extent
of rotation of the said wheel, and keys governing said escapement and carriage.
36. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a motor, printing devices,
a carriage for determining which of the registering wheels may be actuated aud
spacing the printing, an axially-moving wheel mounted upon the carriage and
sliding upon a shaft rotated by the motor, an escapement mechanism governing
the motor and determining the extent of rotation; and keys controlling the
escapement..
37. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, printing devices, a
carriage determining which of the registering wheels may be actuated and spacing
the printing, an axially-moving wheel mounted upon the carriage and sliding upon
a shaft which propels it, mechanism determining the extent of rotation of said
shaft, and keys controlling said mechanism.
38. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-wheels,
means for taking impressions from said printing-wheels, suitably impelled axially-
moving wheels, sliding upon a shaft and adapted to rotate said printing and registering
wheels, a carriage for propelling the axially-moving wheels in the direction of
their axes, and keys controlling the rotation of the aforesaid shaft.
39. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-wheels,
arranged upon the same shaft, and means for taking impressions from the printing-
wheels, two axially-moving wheels arranged upon a sleeve sliding upon a shaft, a
carriage for propelling the said axially-moving wheels in the direction of their
axes, a motor for rotating the aforesaid. shaft and sleeve, a variable escapement
governing said motor, and keys controlling said escapement.
40. The combination of registering wheels bearing suitable characters or type,
gear wheels attached thereto, idle wheels meshing with the afore-mentioned gear
wheels, an axially-moving wheel adapted to mesh with said idle wheels, a carriage
for propelling the axially-moving wheel in the direction of its axis, and keys
controlling the carriage and the rotation of the axially-moving wheel.
41. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-
wheels, characters or type on the periphery of said registering and printing wheels,
a gear wheel attached to each of said wheels, idle wheels meshing into said gear
wheels, two axially-moving wheels for rotating said idle wheels, a carriage for
propelling said axially-moving wheels in the direction of their axes, and keys
controlling said carriage and the rotation of said axially-moving wheels.
42. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing wheels,
gear wheels attached to said registering and printing wheels, idle-wheels meshing
with said gear wheels, two axially-moving wheels each meshing with the
corresponding idle wheel of each series of idle wheels, a sleeve upon which said
axially-moving wheels are mounted, a shaft upon which said sleeve slides, a
carriage impelling said sleeve longitudinally, a motor and suitable gearing rotating
said shaft and sleeve, an escapement shalt suitably geared to said motor, an
escapement governing said shalt and motor, and keys controlling said escapement,
motor and carriage.
43. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-wheels

page_text: loosely arranged upon the same shaft, two axially-moving wheels each adapted to
rotate the corresponding wheels of the printing and registering wheels, a sleeve
upon which said axially-moving wheels are mounted, a shaft on which said sleeve
slides, a carriage impelling said sleeve longitudinally, a motor and suitable gearing
rotating said shaft and sleeve, an escapement shaft suitably geared to said motor,
an escapement governing said shaft and notor, keys controlling said escapement,
motor and carriage, a motor-winding mechanism, and a handle having suitable
connections with the motor-winding mechanism and carriage, whereby the motor
will be wound and the axially-moving wheels returned to their starting point along
the said shaft.
44. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a motor for rotating the
same, an escapement controlling the motor, a carriage determining which of the
registering-wheels may be, actuated, a carriage-impelling motor, an escapement
governing the carriage-impelling motor, keys actuating both of said escapements,
and a handle having suitable connections with the motor and with the carriage,
whereby the two motors may be wound and the carriage returned to a starting
point by the operation of said handle.
45. The combination of registering-wheels, a motor, gear wheels intermediate
the motor and the registering-wheels for rotating the same, a variable escapement
governing the motor, keys controlling said escapement, and reversing means for
changing the direction of rotation of the gear wheels rotating the registering-
wheels, whereby the machine may be made to add or subtract at will.
46. The combination in a registering machine of registering wheels, having
suitable gearing, a motor, two trains of gearing intermediate the motor and the
gearing for the registering wheels, a clutch adapted to be thrown into engagement
with one or the other of said trains of gearing to effect rotation of the gearing of
the registering wheels, and operating means for said clutch extending upon the
outside of the machine within reach of the operator, as a means for reversing the
direction of rotation of the registering-wheels, to add or subtract at will.
47. The combination of registering-wheels, printing wheels having the digits
thereon repeated in two series in reverse order, a motor, gear wheels intermediate
the motor and the registering-wheels for revolving the latter, a variable escapement
controlled by the keys, and also geared to said motor independently of the
registering-wheels, and reversing means for changing the direction of rotation of
the gear wheels intermediate the motor and the registering and printing wheels.
48 The combination of registering-wheels having the digits thereon repeated
twice in regular succession, printing wheels having the digits thereon repeated
twice in reverse order, said registering and printing wheels being arranged upon
the same shaft, a motor, gear wheels intermediate the motor and the registering-
wheels for revolving the same, a variable escapement controlled by keys geared to
said motor independently of the registering wheels, reversing means for changing
the direction of rotation of the gear wheels intermediate the motor and the
registering and printing wheels, and shiftable impression-taking device normally
co-operating with the printing wheels, whereby the result registered may be
printed directly from the registering wheels.
49. The combination of registering-wheels, an axially-moving wheel for revolving
the same, a carriage impelling the axially-moving wheel in the direction of its
axis, a shaft rotating said axially-moving wheel but upon which said axially.
moving wheel may slide, a motor, a train of gearing between said motor and said
shaft, a clutch upon said shaft suitably operated, by which the direction of rotation
of the shaft may be changed, a variable escapement mechanism geared to the
motor and driven always in the same direction, and keys controlling the
escapement mechanism.
50. The combination of registering-wheels, printing wheels as described, two
axially-moving wheels for revolving said registering and printing wheels, a sleeve
connecting the axially-moving wheels, a carriage impelling the axially-moving
wheels in the direction of their axes, a shaft rotating said axially-moving wheela

page_text: but upon which said axially-moving wheels may slide, a motor, a train of gearing.
between said motor and said shaft, a clutch upon said shaft suitably operated, by
which the direction of rotation of the shaft may be changed, and keys controlling
the escapement mechanism.
51. The combination in a calculating machine, of loosely mounted registering-
wheels, pawls normally locking said wheels, keys controlling said registering
wheels, and actuating appliances intermediate the keys and pawls, whereby said
pawls will be unlocked by the operation of said keys from said registering
wheels independently of their rotation.
52. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, keys suitably controlling
the same, pawls normally locking said registering-wheels, a carriage determining
which of the registering wheels may be actuated, and an unlocking means for
said pawls mounted upon the carriage and operated by said keys to unlock the
registering wheels, corresponding to the numerical order in which the machine
is working.
53. The combination of a series of registering wheels, keys suitably controlling
the same, pawls normally locking said registering wheels, a carriage determining
which of the registering wheels may be actuated, a sliding cain, and a shaft
upon which said cam is mounted, which said shaft is actuated by the keys and
which cam is positioned by the carriage and adapted to impinge against and
unlock the respective locking pawls from the registering wheels.
54 The combination in a calculating machine, of loosely mounted registering
wheels, loosely mounted printing wheels, pawls normally locking said registering
and printing wheels, keys controlling both of the registering and the printing
wheels, and actuating appliances intermediate the keys and pawls, whereby sail
pawls will be unlocked by the operation of said keys from said registering an 1
printing wheels independently of their rotation.
55. The combination of a series of registering wheels, a series of printing
wheels, keys suitably controlling both of the same, locking pawls for sail
registering and printing wheels, a carriage determining which of the registering
and printing wheels may be actuated, and unlocking means for said pawls
actuated by the keys and positioned by the carriage to unlock the respective
corresponding printing and registering wheels.
56. The combination of a series of registering wheels, a series of printing wheels,
keys suitably controlling both of the same, locking pawls for said registering and
printing wheels, a carriage determining which of said registering and printing
wheels may be actuated, two cams upon a sleeve controlled by said carriage and
sliding upon a shaft actuated by the keys, the said cams impinging against the
respective locking pawls of the printing and registering wheels to unlock the same
when the keys are operated.
57. The combination of registering-wheels, a motor for rotating the same,
variable arresting mechanism for controlling said motor, a toothed wheel for
restraining the rotation of the motor, a detent engaging the teeth of said toothe
wheel, and keys for operating the said detent and governing the arresting
mechanism.
58. A variable escapement for a registering machine, consisting of a shaft, a
motor driving the same, toothed gearing upon said shaft, travelling toothed
gearing adapted to be suitably thrown in engagement and mesh with the teeth
of said toothed gearing, stops for limiting the travel of the said traveling toothed
gear, and appliances for positioning the stops and unlocking the motor.
59. A variable escapement for a registering machine, consisting of a shaft
a motor revolving the same, gearing upon said shaft, a series of vibrating levers
each provided with a traveling rack adapted to be thrown in and out of mesl
with said gearing, stops for limiting the travel of the racks and arranged to permit
the desired rotation to register the required number, and means for unlocking the
motor when the racks are thrown into engagement with said gearing.
60. A variable escapement for a registering machine, consisting of a shaft

page_text: a motor driving the same, gearing upon said shaft, a series of vibrating levers,
each provided with a travelling rack adapted to be thrown in and out of mesh
with said gearing, a key for each lever to put the racks in and out of mesh with
the said gearing, stops for limiting the travel of the racks and arranged to permit
the desired rotation to register the required number, and means for unlocking the
motor when the keys are operated.
61. A variable escapement for a registering machine, consisting of a shaft,
a motor driving the same, gearing upon said shaft, a series of vibrating levers
cach provided with a travelling rack, a key for each lever, a plate at the lower
end of said vibrating levers, with a slot having an inclined and a vertical part,
and a pin on each key working in the slot in its respective plate, aud normally
resting in the inclined part thereof, stops for limiting the travel of the respective
racks, and a locking pawl having suitable connections with the keys, whereby it
unlocks the motor when the keys are depressed.
62. The combination of a series of registering wheels, printing devices, an
impression-taking means, a motor for rotating the registering wheels and positioning
the printing devices, an escapement governing the motor, key-operated appliances
for setting the impression-taking means, and connections intermediate of said
appliances and the escapement, whereby the printing devices will be tripped by the
escapement mechanism to print the number registered, for the purpose set forth.
63. The combination of a series of registering wheels, printing wheels, a motor
for rotating the registering and printing wheels, an escapement governing the motor,
keys controlling the escapement, a bulletin sheet arranged over the printing wheels,
a printing hammer upon the opposite side of the bulletin sheet from the printing
wheels, a vibrating inking ribbon arranged between the bulletin sheet and said
printing hammer, connections intermediate the keys and printing hammer and inking
ribbon by which the inking ribbon and printing hammer will be set by the operation
of the keys, and appliances intermediate the printing hammer and the escapement,
whereby the printing hammer will be tripped to print the number registered by the
escapement mechanism, for the purpose set forth.
64. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing
wheels, a motor for rotating the registering and printing wheels, an escapement
governing the motor, a carriage determining which of the printing and registering
wheels may be actuated, a bulletin sheet arranged over the printing wheels, a
vibrating inking ribbon arranged between the bulletin sheet and a printing hammer
mounted upon the carriage, keys controlling the escapement carriage, inking ribbon
and printing hammer, and tripping appliances intermediate the printing hammer
and escapement.
65. The combination of registering wheels, printing wheels, a motor for rotating
said wheels, an impression-taking device, keys for setting the impression-taking
device, a tripping mechanism for the impression-taking device, and a motor
escapement governed by the keys and controlling the impression-taking device,
said escapement consisting of a travelling means carried by vibrating levers, one
for each number key, which travelling means actuates said tripping device at the
limit of motion, a zero key having a corresponding vibrating lever and a stationary
escapement device carried thereby, and connections intermediate the tripping
mechanism and keys carried by said vibrating lever, whereby the tripping
mechanism will be actuated by the movement of the zero key direct.
66. The combination of registering wheels, a travelling carriage for determining
which of the registering wheels may be rotated, keys controlling the registering
wheels and carriage, and reversing means for changing the direction in which the
keys controlling the registering wheels cause the carriage to travel.
67. The combination of registering wheels, a carriage determining which of the
registering wheels may be actuated, a spindle controlled by finger keys, a gear
wheel carried thereby, and two racks upon said carriage with either of which the
said gear wheel may be caused to mesh at will at diametrically opposite parts of
M

page_text: said wheel, whereby the direction of travel of the carriage may be changed
at will.
68. The combination of registering wheels, a carriage determining which of the
registering wheels may be actuated, a motor impelling said carriage, keys
controlling the carriage, and a reversing means for changing the direction in which
the motors impels the carriage.
69. The combination of registering wheels, a carriage determining which of the
wheels may be actuated, a spindle impelled by a motor for propelling said carriage,
two racks upon said carriage, a spur wheel upon said shaft adapted to engage one
or the other of said racks at diametrically opposite points, an escapement for said
spindle, finger keys governing said escapement, and means for placing said spur
wheel into mesh with one or the other of said racks, for the purpose described.
70. The combination of a series of registering wheels, printing devices, a
carriage governing the printing devices and determining which of the registering
wheels may be actuated, keys controlling said carriage, and reversing means for
changing the direction of travel of the carriage.
71. The combination of registering wheels, a carriage determining which of the
registering wheels may be actuated, a handle having a uniform range of movement,
and actuating appliances intermediate said handle and carriage, whereby the
carriage may be brought to the starting point in whatever position it is by the
uniform motion of the said handle.
72. The combination of registering wheels, a carriage determining which of
the registering wheels may be actuated, a bell-crank lever suitably connected to
said carriage, and a handle having suitable means adapted to impinge against said
bell-crank lever during its travel and restore the carriage to its starting position.
73. The combination of registering wheels, a suitable motor for rotating the
registering wheels, keys controlling the motor, a handle having a uniform range.of
movement, and motor-winding mechanism intermediate the handle and the motor
and constructed to store into said motor by the uniform movement of the handle
the variable amount of energy expended by the motor.
74. The combination of registering wheels, a suitable motor for rotating the
'registering wheels, keys controlling the motor, a handle having a uniform range
of movement, and motor-winding mechanism intermediate the handle and the
motor and provided with a flexible connection whereby the motor will be wound by
the uniform movement of the handle to an extent equal to the power expended
by the motor.
75. The combination of registering wheels, a suitable motor for rotating the
registering wheels, a handle moved back and forth, a spool rotated to and fro
thereby through the instrumentality of suitable connections, and it flexible
connection between said motor and said spool, for the purpose set forth.
76. The combination of registering wheels, a suitable motor for rotating the
registering wheels, positive gearing intermediate the motor and the registering
wheels, a pawl and ratchet connection between the motor and said gearing, a drum
for said motor, a flexible connection adapted to be wound upon and unwound from
said drum, and a handle with suitable connections for unwinding said flexible
connection from the drum to wind the motor.
77. The combination of registering wheels, a carriage determining which of the
registering wheels may be actuated, a motor impelling said carriage through the
instrumentality of a suitable spindle, an escapement governing the spindle said
escapement consisting of a ratchet wheel fixed to said spindle, a movable spring-
actuated ratchet wheel adjacent thereto having a limit of motion equal to one
step of the carriage, a pawl normally engaging the movable ratchet wheel, and
keys having suitable connections for vibrating said pawl back and forth to feed
the carriage step by step.
78. The combination of a series of registering wheels, arranged side by side
upon a shaft, a bar normally out of engagement therewith for aligning said wheels

page_text: to maintain them in co-incident radial position, a motor for rotating said registering
wheels, an escapement for said motor controlled by finger keys, and connections
intermediate the escapement and said bar by which the bar will be thrown against
the wheels to align them after the machine has done its work.
79. The combination of a series of registering wheels, arranged side by side
upon a shaft, printing wheels similarly arranged upon the same shaft, idle-wheels
intermediate said wheels and power-transmitting wheels, a bar normally out of
engagement therewith for aligning said idle-wheels to maintain them in co-incident
radial position, and connections for actuating said bar and throwing it against said
idle wheels to thereby align the printing and registering wheels after the machine
has done its work.
80. The combination in a calculating machine, of a series of printing-wheels
loosely journalled, a pawl for each printing-wheel having a notched rounded end,
two pins on each of said printing-wheels, one normally engaging the notch in its
pawl to lock the printing-wheels at zero, gearing for said printing-wheels loosely
mounted upon a shaft, keys controlling said gearing and unlocking said pawls, and
mechanism for returning said printing-wheels to zero when suitably operated and
causing one of said pins to ride over the curved ends of said pawls and automatically
lock said printing-wheels.
81. The combination in a calculating machine, of registering wheels, a motor
and suitable gearing for rotating registering wheels, reversing means for said
gearing to change the direction of rotation, a series of printing-wheels loosely
journalled and revolved by said motor and gearing, a pawl for each printing-wheel
having a notched end and rounded at both sides of the notch, two pins on each
printing-wheel, one normally engaging said notch to lock the printing-wheels at
zero, keys controlling the motor and gearing and unlocking said pawls, and
mechanism for returning said printing-wheels to zero when rotated in either
direction and causing said pins to ride over the curved ends of said pawls and
automatically lock said printing-wheels.
82. The combination in a calculating machine, of registering devices, a series of
printing-wheels, loosely journalled, gearing loosely mounted upon a shaft for
rotating the said wheels, pawls normally locking said wheels at zero, keys
controlling said gearing and unlocking said pawls from said wheels independently
of their rotation, a longitudinally movable key carried by said shaft and provided
with suitable pins adapted to engage pins upon said loosely-mounted gearing when
properly operated, and manually-operated means for rotating said shaft and
throwing the pins of said latter mentioned key in the path of the pins upon said
gearing, to bring said printing-wheels to zero.
83. The combination in a calculating machine, of registering devices, loosely
mounted printing-wheels recording the numbers registered, pawls normally locking
said wheels, keys controlling said printing wheels, and actuating appliances
intermediate the keys and the pawls, whereby said pawls will be unlocked by
the operation of said keys from said printing wheels independently of their
rotation.
84. The combination in a calculating machine, of registering devices, loosely
mounted printing wheels, recording the numbers registered, pawls normally locking
said wheels at zero, keys controlling said printing wheels and unlocking said pawls
independently of the rotation of the printing wheels, manually operated mechanism
for bringing said wheels to zero, and automatic means for locking said wheels
at zero.
85. The combination of a series of registering wheels loosely mounted, gear
wheels therefor also loosely mounted, a key in a shaft having suitable pins thereon
and capable of longitudinal movement, pins upon said gear wheels normally without
the path of the pins upon said key, a manually-operated means for moving the key
longitudinally to throw its pins in the path of the pins on said gear wheels, and
actuating mechanism operated at will for rotating said shaft to bring said
registering wheels to zero.

page_text: 86. The combination of a series of registering-wheels loosely mounted, pawls
normally locking said wheels, keys, appliances operated by the keys to unlock the
respective pawls, actuating means for unlocking said pawls at the will of the
operator, and manually-operated mechanisin for bringing said wheels to zero after
being unlocked.
87. The combination of a series of registering-wheels loosely mounted upon a
shaft, pawls therefor positively locking said wheels against rotation, .actuating
means for unlocking said pawls at the will of the operator, manually-operated
mechanism for bringing said wheels to zero after being unlocked, and fingers
adapted to be thrown into engagement with a suitably notched disk carried by said
wheels, whereby the registering-wheels after being brought to zero will be arrested
thereat.
88. The combination of a series of registering-wheels loosely mounted upon a
shaft, pawls therefor positively locking said registering-wheels against rotation,
manually-operated means for unlocking said pawls and bringing said registering-
wheels to zero, a suitably notched disk carried by each registering-wheel, fingers
adapted to be thrown into engagement with each of said notched disks, and
connections between said fingers and the manually-operated means for unlocking
the said pawls, whereby the fingers will be thrown in contact with said notched
disks by manually-operating the pawl unlocking means, to arrest the registering-
wheels at zero.
89. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-wheels,
gear wheels for both the registering and printing wheels, loosely mounted upon a
shaft, a handle having connections and gearing for rotating said shaft each time
the handle is pulled, restoring means for bringing the printing-wheels to zero each
time the handle is operated and the shaft rotated, and a finger piece for causing
the registering-wheels also to be brought to zero at will when said handle is
operated.
90. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-wheels,
gear wheels therefor loosely mounted upon a shaft, a handle having connections
and gearing for rotating said shaft each time the handle is pulled, a key seat in
said shaft having therein two keys with pins extending from the same, one key
operating in connection with the printing-wheels and the other in connection with
the registering-wheels, pius upon the gear wheels normally out of the path of the
pins upon the keys, manually-operated means for throwing the pins upon the
key of the printing-wheels in the path of the pins upon the gear wheels
thereof when the handle is pulled, and connections operating at will the other
key to throw its pin in the path of the pins upon the gear wheels of the registering-
wheels.
91. The combination with a registering machine, of printing-wheels, gearing for
revolving the same, a carriage for spacing the printing, keys governing the
carriage and gearing, and manually-operated means for effecting a separation of
said gearing and printing-wheels, and restoring mechanism operated at will
for bringing said printing-wheels to zero after the aforesaid separation has been
effected.
92. The combination of a series of registering-wheels loosely mounted, a series
of printing-wheels also loosely mounted, two axially-moving wheels each revolving
the corresponding wheel of the registering and printing wheels, a carriage
positioning the axially-moving wheels and determining which of the printing and
registering wheels may be actuated, keys governing said carriage and the rotation
of said axially-moving wheels, manually-operated mechanism for effecting a
separation of said axially-moving wheels and the registering and printing wheels,
and restoring means for bringing the printing and registering-wheels to zero after
the separation has been effected.
93. The combination in a registering and recording machine, of registering
wheels and printing wheels, a suitable motive power for rotating said registering
and printing wheels, a movable frame in which said motive power is mounted,

page_text: manually-operated mechanism for actuating the movable frame to separate the
motive power from the printing and registering wheels, and actuating means for
restoring said printing and registering wheels to zero at the will of the
operator.
94. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, printing-wheels, a printing
device for taking an impression therefrom, axially-moving wheels for revolving
sai registering and printing wheels, a carriage determining which of the
registering-wheels may be actuated and spacing the printing, a shaft for rotating
said axially-moving wheels and along which said wheels slide, keys controlling said
carriage and the rotation of said axially-moving wheels, a movable frame upon
which said shaft is mounted, actuating means for operating the movable frame to
throw the axially-moring wheels out of mesh with the registering and printing
wheels, and manually-operated mechanism for bringing said registering and printing
wheels to zero after the separation has been effected.
95. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, an axially-moving wheel
for revolving said registering-wheels, a carriage determining which of the
registering-wheels may be actuated, a shaft for rotating said axially-moving
wheel and along which said wheel slides, a motor for impelling said shaft and
suitably geared thereto, keys controlling said carriage and motor, a movable
frame in which said motor and shaft are mounted, actuating means for effecting
a separation of said axially-moving wheel and registering-wheels by operating
the movable frame, and manually-operated mechanism for bringing the registering-
wheels to zero.
96. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, an axially-moving wheel
for revolving said registering-wheels, a carriage determining which of the
registering-wheels may be actuated, a shaft for rotating said axially-moving
wheel and along which said wheel slides, a motor for impelling said shaft and
suitably geared thereto, an escapement for said motor, keys controlling said
carriage and motor, a movable frame in which said motor, shaft and escapement
are mounted, actuating means for said movable frame effecting a separation of
said axially-moving wheel from the registering wheels, and manually-operated
mechanism for bringing the registering-wheels to zero.
97. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-
wheels, a device for taking an impression therefrom, two axially-moving wheels
each revolving the corresponding registering and printing wheel, a carriage
determining which of the registering and printing wheels may be actuated and
spacing the printing, a sleeve connecting said axially-moving wheels and along
with said sleeve slides, a motor for impelling said shaft, an escapement for said
motor, keys controlling said carriage and escapement, a movable frame in which
said shaft, motor and escapement are mounted, manually-operated means for
actuating said movable frame to effect a separation of said axially-moving
wheels from the registering and printing wheels, and restoring mechanism for
thereafter bringing the registering aud printing wheels to zero at the will of the
operator.
98. The combination with a registering machine, of a series of loosely-
mounted printing-wheels, a key resting in a seat in a shaft and having suitable
pins normally out of the path of pins upon the gear wheels for rotating said printing-
wheels, an impression-taking device adapted to print from said printing-wheels, a
motor having suitable gearing for actuating said printing-wheels, a carriage
determining which of the printing-wheels may be actuated, a movable frame in
which the motor and gearing is mounted, keys controlling the motor and carriage,
manually-operated mechanism for actuating the movable fraine to effect a
separation of the motor-gearing and the gearing of the printing-wheels, automatic
means for shifting the pins on said key in the path of pins on the printing-wheel
gears by the operation of said movable frame, and connections for rotating the
shaft carrying said key whereby the printing-wheels may be brought to zero.
99. The combination in a registering machine, of registering wheels, a suitable

page_text: motive power, an oscillating frame in which said motive power is mounted,
keys controlling said motive power to position the registering wheels, a handle
having suitable connections, for operating said oscillating frame to disengage
the motive power from the registering wheels, stops limiting the movement of
said oscillating frame, and manually-operated mechanism for bringing the
registering wheels to zero after such disengagement.
100. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, an axially-moving wheel
adapted to revolve each of the same seriatim, a shaft upon which said axially-
noving wheel slides, a carriage positioning said axially-moving wheel and
determining which of the registering wheels may be actuated, keys controlling
said carriage and the revolution of said axially-moving wheel, a movable frame
in which said shaft is mounted, fixed ways in which said carriage travels, and a
swinging connection between said shaft and said carriage.
101. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of printing-
wheels, two axially moving wheels for revolving the same, a carriage impelling
said axially-moving wheels in the direction of their axes, a shaft upon which
said wheels slide, a motor rotating said shaft, an escapement for the notor,
a movable frame in which the motive power and escapement are mounted, keys
governing the carriage and escapement, a motor-winding mechanism, and a handle
having suitable connections with the carriage and with said movable frame, and
also with the motor-winding mechanism, whereby the registering and printing
wheels will be brought to zero, the carriage to its starting point, and the motor
wound.
102. The combination of registering wheels, printing wheels recording the
numbers registered, a geared motive power suitably controlled for positioning the
printing and registering wheels, a movable frame in which said motive power is
mounted, a handle for operating the movable frame, paper-feeding devices, and
connections between said movable frame and the paper-feeding devices, whereby
the paper will be fed by the actuation of said movable frame.
103. The combination of registering wheels, printing wheels, recording the
numbers registered, a geared motive power suitably controlled for positioning the
printing and registering wheels, a movable frame in which said motive power is
mounted, a handle for actuating the movable frame, ink-ribbon feeding devices,
and connections between said movable frame, and the ink-ribbon feeding devices,
whereby the inking ribbon will be fed by the actuation of said movable frame.
104. A calculating machine having a series of registering wheels provided
with printing characters, printing devices, for recording the different numbers
registered, impression-taking mechanism for printing, and a lip or ridge adjacent
to each of the printing characters upon said registering wheels, whereby a line
may be drawn in printing from said registering wheels.
105. The combination of a series of registering wheels, keys controlling same, a
carrying mechanism, the members of which are set to carry during the operation
of the keys, and means for actuating the carrying members to carry after the
operation of the keys and after all the set carrying members have been set.
106. The combination of a series of carrying members, a series of registering
wheels provided with suitable carrying teeth, connections between the said carrying
members, whereby one carrying member may position another when the latter's
corresponding registering wheel is one step removed from carrying position, and
means for actuating the members to carry after they have been positioned.
107. The combination of a series of carrying members, a series of registering
wheels provided with suitable carrying teeth, latches for holding the said carrying
members out of carrying position, devices mounted upon the carrying members and
intermediate the said latches and the carrying teeth, whereby one carrying member
may unlatch another when the latter's corresponding registering wheel is one step
removed from carrying position, and means for actuating the carrying members to
carry after they have been unlatched.
108. The combination of a series of carrying-bars, a series of registering wheels

page_text: provided with suitable carrying teeth, latches for maintaining said carrying-bars
out of carrying position, a bell-crank lever carried by each of said carrying-bars
and suitably connected to the latch for the bar of the next higher order, whereby
one carrying bar, when unlatched, may unlatch another, when the latter's corre-
sponding registering wheel is one step removed from carrying position, and means.
for actuating the carrying-bars to carry after they have been unlatched.
109. The combination with registering devices of a carrying mechanism com-
prising a series of carrying mechanisms co-operating with said registering devices,
locking means for normally holding said carrying members out of carrying position,
carrying teeth operated by the registering devices and actuating respectively said
locking means to suitably position the carrying members to carry, actuating
mechanism for causing the carrying members to carry after being suitably
positioned by the carrying teeth, and additional locking means for locking the
non-positioned carrying members out of carrying position when the latter mechanism
is actuated.
110. The combination with registering devices of a carrying mechanism comprising
a series of carrying bars co-operating with the registering devices, locking means
for normally holding said carrying bars out of position, carrying teeth operated by
the registering devices actuating respectively said means to suitably position the
carrying bars to carry, actuating mechanism for reciprocating the carrying bars to
carry after being suitably positioned by the carrying teeth, a rod adapted to pass
beneath the unlatched carrying bars and prevent the same from accidentally
carrying, and connections intermediate said rod and the latter mechanism, whereby
the rod is operated by the actuation of said mechanism.
111. The combination with registering devices, of a carrying mechanism
comprising a series of carrying members co-operating with registering devices, and
normally held out of carrying position, carrying teeth operated by the registering
devices positioning said carrying members to carry, actuating mechanism for causing
the carrying members to carry after being suitably positioned by the carrying
teeth, locking means brought into requisition by the actuating mechanism to serve
as an additional safe-guard against the non-positioned carrying members carrying
when said mechanism actuates said carrying members, and appliances also operated
by the actuating mechanism restoring said parts to their normal position.
112. The combination of a series of registering members normally locked
against rotation, a series of carrying members adapted to co-operate therewith, and
connections between the carrying members and the locking means for the
registering members, whereby the registering members will be unlocked when the
carrying members effect carrying.
113. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, pawls locking said
registering-wheels, against rotation, a series of carrying-bars adapted to co-operate
with the registering-wheels, locking means for normally holding said carrying-bars
out of carrying position, suitable connections therefor, carrying teeth for operating
said connections to position said bars to carry, unlocking devices intermediate the
locking pawls and the carrying bars normally disengaged by the carrying-bars,
but connected therewith when said bars are positioned to carry, and actuating
mechanism for reciprocating said bars, whereby the registering-wheels will be
unlocked and the carrying effected.
114. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, pawls for locking said
registering-wheels against rotation, a series of carrying members adapted to
co-operate with the registering-wheels, locking means for normally holding said
carrying members ont of carrying position, suitable connections therefor, carrying
teeth for operating said connections to position said members to carry, devices
intermediate the locking pawls and the carrying members normally disengaged by
the carrying members but connected therewith when said members are positioned to
carry, actuating mechanism for causing the carrying members to unlock the pawls
and carry after being suitably positioned by the carrying teeth, and additional
locking means brought into requisition by the latter mechanism to prevent

page_text: accidental carrying of the non-positioned carrying members and the accidental
unlocking of the corresponding registering-wheels.
115. The combination with registering wheels of a carrying mechanism
comprising a series of carrying bars co-operating with said registering-wheels,
locking means normally holding said bars out of carrying position, carrying
tecth operated by the registering-wheels actuating said locking means to suitably
position the carrying bars to carry, actuating mechanism for reciprocating the
carrying bars to carry after being suitably positioned, and a handle for operating
said mechanism independently of the registering mechanism proper.
116. The combination with registering devices, of a carrying mechanism
comprising a series of carrying members adapted to co-operate with said
registering devices, locking means normally holding said carrying members out of
carrying position, carrying teeth operated by the registering devices, to unlock the
carrying members, a rest for holding the carrying members ont of carrying position
after being unlocked, and actuating mechanism for operating said rest to bring the
carrying members into carrying position and for actuating said carrying members
to carry
117. The combination with registering wheels of a carrying mechanism comprising
a series of carrying bars co-operating with the registering wheels, a latch normally
locking said carrying bars out of carrying position, carrying teeth operated by
the registering wheels unlocking said latches, a rest for holding the carrying bars
out of carrying position after being unlocked, actuating mechanism for reciprocating
said carrying bars to carry, and a handle having suitable connections with the
said rest and actuating mechanism, whereby the carrying bars will be brought into
carrying position and carrying effected by the operation of said handle.
118. The combination of a series of registering wheels, a series of carrying bars
co-operating therewith, a reciprocating frame in which said bars are mounted, a
fixed frame carrying said reciprocating frame, a rock-shaft mounted upon the fixed
frame and having arms at each end connected with the reciprocating frame at each
side, and a handle having suitable connections with said rock-shaft, whereby the
movement of the handle will reciprocate said movable frame to actuate the carrying
bars for carrying.
119. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of carrying bars
co-operating therewith, a reciprocating frame in which said bars are mounted, a
fixed frame carrying said reciprocating frame, latches for said carrying bars having
suitable connections operated respectively by carrying teeth for unlocking said
carrying bars, a rest upon which said carrying bars fall, after being unlocked,
said latches and rest being carried by said reciprocating frame, actuating
mechanism for moving the reciprocating frame and operating the carrying-bar
rest, and a handle for operating said actuating mechanism.
120. The combination with a registering machine, of a series of carrying bars
normally held from carrying position, a reciprocating frame in which said bars are
mounted, a slotted plate, and connections intermediate said slotted plate and
reciprocating frame for actuating said reciprocating frame in one or the other
direction to add or subtract at will.
121. The combination with a registering machine, of a series of carrying bars
normally held from carrying position, a reciprocating frame in which said bars are
mounted, a slotted plate, operating connections intermediate said slotted plate and
reciprocating frame, a T-lever suitably attached to said slotted plate, and actuating
means maintaining the T-lever in either one of two opposite positions and adapted
to operate the slotted plate in reverse directious, and thereby to move the
reciprocating frame and carrying bars in one or the other direction to add or
subtract.
122. The combination with a registering machine, of a series of carrying bars
normally held from carrying position, a reciprocating frame in which said bars are
mounted, a slotted plate, operating connections intermediate said slotted plate and
reciprocating frame, a T-lever suitably attached to said slotted plate, and a member

page_text: or members adapted to engage one or the other opposite arms of said T-lever and
maintain and actuate said T-lever oppositely. whereby the slotted plate, its
connections and the carrying bars will be moved in one or the other direction to
add or subtract.
123. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of carrying bars
co-operating therewith, a reciprocating frame in which said bars are mounted, a
fixed frame carrying said reciprocating frame, latches for said carrying bars
having suitable connections operated respectively by carrying teeth for unlocking
said carrying bars, a rest upon which said carrying bars fall after being unlocked,
said latches and rest being carried by said reciprocating frame, a rock-shaft
mounted upon the fixed frame and having arms at each end connected with the
reciprocating frame at each end, a plate having slots therein as described in which
work pins connected with said rock-shaft and rest, and suitable actuating means for
reciprocating said slotted plate to vibrate the reciprocating frame, and operate the
carrying-bar rest.
124. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of carrying bars
co-operating therewith, a reciprocating frame in which said bars are mounted, a
fixed frame carrying said reciprocating frame, latches for said carrying bars having
suitable connections operated respectively by carrying teeth for unlocking said
carrying bars, a rest upon which said carrying bars fall after being unlocked, said
latches and rest being carried by said reciprocating frame, a rock-shaft having
arms at each end connected with the reciprocating frame, said rock-shaft being
mounted upon the fixed frame, a plate having slots therein as described in which
work pins connected with said rock-shaft and rest, and a handle having suitable
connections for reciprocating said slotted plate at the will of the operator and
independently of power derived from other mechanism of the machine.
125. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, a series of carrying bars
co-operating therewith, a reciprocating frame in which said bars are mounted, a
fixed frame carrying said reciprocating frame, latches for said carrying bars having
suitable connections operated respectively by carrying teeth for unlocking said
carrying bars, a rest upon which said carrying bars fall after being unlocked, said
latches and rest being carried by said reciprocating frame, a rock-shaft mounted
upon the fixed frame and having arms at each end connected with the reciprocating
frame, a plate having slots therein as described in which work pins connected with
said rock-shaft and rest, a swinging rod carried by said reciprocating frame and
adapted to pass between the latched and unlatched carrying bars, connections
between said swinging rod and the carrying-bar rest by which said rod will be
positioned beneath the unlatched carrying bars when the rest is lowered, actuating
mechanism between said slotted plate and a suitably located handle, whereby said
slotted plate may be reciprocated to lower the rest, position the swinging rod,
vibrate the reciprocating frame and carrying bars to carry, and also restore said
parts to their normal position.
126. A carrying mechanism comprising a series of members moved in one
direction to add, for instance, and in the other direction to subtract, for instance, a
handle for actuating said carrying mechanism at the will of the operator and
independently of the movements of the registering apparatus proper, and reversible
connections between said handle and said carrying mechanism, whereby the said
carrying mechanism may be made to carry in either direction.
127. The combination with registering wheels, of a carrying mechanism
comprising a series of carrying bars normally away from the registering wheels and
normally maintained in a rearward position for instance, carrying teeth, suitable
connections operated thereby, for unlocking said bars, actuating mechanism for
moving said bars forwardly, for instance, to carry for addition, for example, and
reversible connections in said actuating mechanism, whereby the said mechanism
may position said carrying bars forwardly and move them rearwardly for instance,
to carry for subtraction, for example.
128. The combination with registering wheels, of a carrying mechanism,
.

page_text: comprising a series of carrying bars, a reciprocating frame, in which said carrying
bars are normally locked from the registering wheels, carrying teeth having
suitable connections for unlocking said bars, a rest upon which said bars drop after
being unlocked and before engaging the registering-wheels, means normally main-
taining the reciprocating frame in a rearward position for instance, mechanism for
moving said reciprocating frame forwardly for instance, to carry for addition for
example, a handle having suitable connections with said mechanism, and reversible
connections comprised in the aforesaid connections for causing said mechanism to
move said reciprocating frame in the opposite direction, for example, to carry for
subtraction, but to operate in other respects the same as before.
129. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, pawls for locking the
same against rotation, a series of carrying bars adapted to be moved in one or the
other direction to add or subtract, means for positioning said bars to carry, and
operating devices between said locking pawls and carrying bars, normally out of
engagement with each other, but adapted to engage when in the act of carrying,
said carrying bars and devices being constructed to operate in either direction for
addition and subtraction.
130. The combination of a series of registering-wheels, pawls for locking the
same against rotation, a series of carrying bars having two notches and adapted to
be moved in one or the other direction to add or subtract, means for positioning
said bars to carry, a two-way tilting lever for each bar having a pin adapted to be
engaged by one or the other notch in its carrying bar when carrying, according to
whether the carrying mechanism is in position to add or subtract, and an arm
pivoted to each pawl and engaging the other end of said levers, whereby said arms
will be depressed and the registering-wheels unlocked, when said levers are moved
in either direction by said carrying bars to add or subtract.
131. A carrying mechanism adapted to be moved in one direction to carry for
addition, for instance, and in the other direction to carry for subtraction, for instance,
in combination with operating means for actuating said carrying mechanism, and a
T-lever between said operating means and the carrying mechanism, whereby the
carrying mechanism may be set in a rearward position and moved forwardly by
said means to carry for addition, for instance, and the same means may also be set
in a forward position and moved rearwardly to carry for subtraction, for instance.
132. A carrying mechanism adapted to be moved in one direction to carry for
addition, for instance, and in the other direction to carry for subtraction, for
instance, in combination with a handle for actuating said carrying mechanism at the
will of the operator independently of power derived from the registering apparatus,
and a T-lever between the handle connections and the carrying mechanism, whereby
the carrying mechanism may be set in a rearward position and moved forwardly by
said handle connections and T-lever, to carry for addition, for instance, and may
also be set in a forward position and moved rearwardly by said parts to carry for
subtraction, for instance.
133. A carrying mechanism adapted to be moved in one direction to carry for
adding, for instance, and in the other direction to carry for subtraction, for instance,
in combination with a T-lever for actuating said carrying mechanism having suitable
connections therewith, a member or members adapted to engage one or the other of
the opposite arms of said T-lever at opposite points of said member or members,
and operating means for reciprocating said member or members to actuate the
T-lever and carrying mechanism to carry in one or the other direction.
134. A carrying mechanism adapted to be moved in one direction to carry for
addition, for instance, and in the other direction to carry for subtraction, for
instance, in combination with a T-lever for actuating said carrying mechanism
having suitable connections therewith, a member or members adapted to engage
one or the other opposite arms of said T-lever at opposite points of said member or
members, and a handle having suitable connections with said member or members
for reciprocating the same, said handle being operated at the will of the operator
independently of power derived from the registering mechanism.

page_text: 135. A carrying mechanism adapted to be moved in the direction to carry for
addition, for instance, and in the other direction to carry for subtraction, for
instance, in combination with a T-lever for actuating said carrying mechanism
having suitable connections therewith, a member or members adapted to engage one
or the other of the opposite arms of said T-lever at opposite points of said member
or members, operating means for reciprocating said member or members to actuate
the T-lever and carrying mechanism to carry in one or the other direction,
registering wheels, gearing for impelling the registering-wheels, a reversing means
for changing the direction of rotation of said gearing and registering-wheels to add
or subtract, for instance, a positioning appliance for operating said reversing means,
having suitable connection with the member or members engaging the T-lever
which operates the carrying mechanism, whereby the carrying mechanism may be
reversed in operation at the same time that the direction of rotation of the
registering-wheels is changed.
136. A carrying mechanism adapted to be moved in one direction to carry for
addition, for instance, and in the other direction to carry for subtraction, for
instance, in combination with a T-lever for actuating said carrying mechanism
having suitable connections therewith, a quadrangular part notched interiorly at
opposite sides, one or the other of said notches engaging one pin or the other on
opposite ends of said T-lever, a handle having suitable connections for recipro-
cating said quadrangular part to actuate the T-lever and carrying mechanism to
carry in one or the other direction, registering wheels, gearing for impelling the
registering-wheels, a clutch for changing the direction of rotation of said gearing
and registering wheels, to add or subtract for instance, and a rotary longitudinally
movable spindle having suitable connection with the clutch and with the quad-
rangular part, whereby the carrying mechanism may be reversed in operation at the
same time that the registering-wheels are changed in direction of rotation.
137. The combination to form a calculating machine adapted for the British
monetary system, of a series of wheels having characters thereon representing
pounds, shillings, pence and farthings, a series of keys from zero to eleven,
connections intermediate said keys and said wheels, and a travelling carriage for
automatically coupling the key connections to the different wheels as the keys are
operated.
138. The combination of a series of disks having characters thereon represcuting
pounds, shillings, pence and farthings, a spur wheel attached to each disk, the spur
wheels of the pounds and shillings disks being smaller in diameter than the spur
wheels attached to the pence and farthings wheels, idle wheels arranged upon a
shaft parallel to the shaft upon which the said disks and spur wheels are mounted,
and of a size to properly mesh with said spur wheels, suitable carrying wheels
meshing with said idle wheels, one or more axially-moving wheels arranged to
mesh with said spur wheels and normally adapted to mesh with the pounds and
shillings idle wheels, a series of keys and connections controlling the rotation of
said axially-moving wheel or wheels, a carriage for feeding said axially-moving
wheel or wheels step by step as the keys are operated, a movable frame supporting
said axially-moving wheel or wheels, and a key adapted to actuate said frame and
throw said axially-moving wheel or wheels into engagement with the farthings and
pence idle wheels.
Dated this 28th day of January 1895.
For the Applicant,
J. G. LORRAIN, M. Inst. E.E., M. Inst. M.E.,
Chartered Patent Agent.