IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- CHINERY FOR DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Fairbairn, of Leeds, in the County of
York, Machinist, and Ferdinand Kaselowsky of the City of
Berlin, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY FOR DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING FLAX, HEMP, AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Fairbairn
and Ferdinand Kaselowsky at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th April 1853.
We, PETER FAIRBAIRN, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machinist,
and FERDINAND KASELOWSKY, of the City of Berlin, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY FOR DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the employment of rollers placed behind
the usual drawing rollers for the purpose of holding the fibres by
friction of contact, while the sliver or rove is being subjected to the
operation of drawing or clongating. These rollers may be used either

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Fairbairn and Ferdinand Kaselowsky in
the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 27th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM, THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
PETER FAIRBAIRN, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machinist, and
FERDINAND KASELOWSKY, of the City of Berlin, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One, thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Peter Fairbairn and Ferdinand
Kaselowsky, Her special licence that we, the said Peter Fairbairn and
Ferdinand Kaselowsky, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such oher s as we, the said Peter Fairbairn and Ferdinand Kaselowsky,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING, ROVING,
AND SPINNING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Peter Fairbairn and
Ferdinand Kaselowsky, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ferdinand Kaselowsky, on
behalf of myself and of the said Peter Fairbairn, do hereby declare

page_text: the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
It is a well known fact that the operation of drawing or elongating
fibrous slivers is not perfect unless the sliver is held by some apparatus
which, carrying it at a uniform speed to the nip or bite of the drawing
rollers, allows only such fibres to slide forward as are actually taken
hold of by the drawing rollers. In the ordinary mode of drawing,
roving, and spinning flax, hemp, or other fibrous substances, divers
arrangements, known under the name of gills, have been used for the
attainment of this object; but their complication makes them unfit for
many purposes. It has also been customary to use one or more pairs of
carrying rollers for supporting the sliver in its passage from the feeding
rollers to the drawing rollers, by which means the fibres, though held at
certain points, could not be prevented from slipping from one holding
point to the other, and being drawn into knobs. In our improved
arrangement, we carry the sliver round a greater or less part of the
circumference of one or more rollers, for the purpose of bringing the
fibres in contact with so much of the surface of them as will cause an
amount of adhesion and friction sufficient to retain all short fibres
which are not yet taken hold of by the drawing rollers, and to prevent
them from moving forward at a greater speed than that at which the
surface of the retaining rollers is moving. In order to increase the
amount of adhesion, as well as that of friction, the sliver may be
wetted before passing over the surface of the retaining rollers, and an
endless carrying belt, made of leather, gutta percha, or other suitable
material, may be used for the same purpose.
The accompanying Drawing shews divers applications of the re-
taining or friction rollers. In Fig. 1, A, B, are the drawing rollers;
C, D, the feeding rollers; and E, is the retaining roller. The sliver
passes through the bite of the feeding rollers, and over a part of the
circumference of the retaining roller E, (which is driven with about the
same surface speed as the feeding rollers C, and D,) and proceeds to
the bite of the drawing rollers A, B, which move at a greater speed to
produce the required elongation. Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, shew the

page_text: arrangement suitable for fibres of longer staple. In Fig. 3, one of the
retaining rollers being in contact with the pressing roller D, serves at
the same time as a feeding roller. In Fig, 4, three of the retaining
rollers are supplied with flanges for the purpose of driving the roller E',
by friction, while the remainder are to be driven by gearing. In
Fig. 5, A, B, are the drawing rollers; the retaining and feeding rollers
are shewn at E', E, E³, and D. ff, is an endless band, which passes
over the tension roller F, and below the sliver on the rollers E', and E³;
and on the top of the sliver on the roller E2, Fig. 6, shews an arrange-
ment where only one retaining roller E, is required, the sliver being
passed several times around that roller. The different laps are kept
separate by the guide H. Fig. 7, shews an arrangement by which the
same purpose is obtained by two rollers whose axles are divergent, so
as to cause the sliver to run in spirals over the surface of the rollers
E, E: see Fig. 8.
The feeding and drawing rollers may be fluted as usual; but the
surfaces of the retaining rollers are to be left smooth. It may be
found advantageous to have the rove resting on one of the drawing
rollers before it arrives at the nip, as the rubbing in the direction of
the motion will have a tendency to turn back all the bent fibres.
Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in Machinery
for Drawing, Roving, and Spinning Flax, Hemp, and other Fibrous
Substances," we wish it to be understood that, under the above in part
recited Letters Patent, we claim subjecting slivers to the action of
friction surfaces, on their passage from the feeding to the drawing
rollers, in the manner and for the purpose above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Kaselowsky, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-seventh day of
September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-three.
F. KASELOWSKY. (L.S.)
Witness to the signature of F. Kaselowsky,
JOHN AMBLER.