IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPS, WASTE PLUGS, OR GULLIES FOR BATHS, SINKS, DRAINS, AND OTHER CONDUITS OF WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Luiz Augusto da Costa, of 35, King Street,
Cheapside, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, and Thomas
Lawrie, junior, of 37, Woodstock Road, Shepherd's Bush, in the
County of Middlesex, Architect, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPS, WASTE PLUGS, OR GULLIES FOR BATHS,
SINKS, DRAINS, AND OTHER CONDUITS OF WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Luiz Augusto da Costa
and Thomas Lawrie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th May 1872.
We, LUIZ AUGUSTO DA COSTA, of 35, King Street, Cheapside, in the
County of Middlesex, Merchant, and THOMAS LAWRIE, junior, of
37, Woodstock Road, Shepherd's Bush, in the County of Middlesex,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPS, WASTE PLUGS, OR GULLIES FOR
BATHS, SINKS, DRAINS, AND OTHER CONDUITS OF WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS," to be
as follows:
These improvements refer to the construction of traps, waste plugs,
or other outlets for water, or other fluids for sinks, baths, drains, and

page_text: other situations in which it is desired to prevent solid or other substances
from passing through or down such traps or outlets, and to provide
against the rising up or escape of foul air or impure gases or to disinfect
or neutralize the same.
These objects we effect chiefly by constructing our improved trap
with a second or interior grating, strainer, or perforated plate fitted to or
forming part of the bell cup or trap, making by preference the holes or
perforations in these interior contrivances of smaller area singly than
those in the outer or usual covering plate, but of greater number, so as
to afford a more than equal total area of openings to that of the upper
grating or perforated plate, in order that the passage of the water or
other fluids may be as little impeded as possible. We also construct
traps for certain situations with an interior plate, cup, or tray so placed
as to form a second or double "water joint" within the trap of the sink
or drain, or this second plate or tray may have holes or other apertures
for the passage of fluids. These interior contrivances we secure in
their places by screws, bolts, and nuts, soldering or otherwise to the outer
shell or casing of the traps or other outlets, but the upper plates or
gratings may be simply fitted as at present.
We also propose to
combine our trap with a waste plug for baths or other receptacles in
which it is desired to retain the water or other fluids for a certain time,
in which cases we construct the traps with all the water ways of equal
area, thus making them "full way" traps. And further we propose
to effect the purification or neutralization of deleterious matters or
vapours contained in the air or gases rising through the pipes leading
from sinks, drains, closets, or other receptacles, by providing a chamber
for containing charcoal, carbolic acid, or other disinfectant either solid
or fluid. This chamber we so construct and place as to cause all air or
gases passing up or through such pipes or other outlets to come in
contact with the disinfecting substances or fluids contained in the
chamber, and be thereby purified or rendered innocuous.
In some
cases we cast this chamber in one piece with a socket or union and
with a bend for "water joint" in lieu of our second or interior grating
or perforated plate.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Luiz Augusto da Costa and Thomas Lawrie in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd November 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, LUIZ
AUGUSTO DA COSTA, of 35, King Street, Cheapside, in the County of
Middlesex, Merchant, and THOMAS LAWRIE, junior, of 37, Woodstock
Road, Shepherd's Bush, in the County of Middlesex, Architect, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-fifth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Luiz Augusto da Costa and Thomas Lawrie,
junior, Her special licence that we, the said Luiz Augusto da Costa, and
Thomas Lawrie, junior, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Luiz Augusto da Costa and Thomas Lawrie,
junior, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPS, WASTE PLUGS, OR GULLIES FOR
BATHS, SINKS, DRAINS, AND OTHER OUTLETS OF WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Luiz Augusto da Costa
and Thomas Lawrie, junior, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
These improvements refer to the construction of traps, waste plugs, or
other outlets for water or other fluids for sinks, baths, drains, and other
situations in which it is desired to prevent solid or other substances from
passing through or down such traps or outlets, and to prevent the rising
up or escape of foul air or impure gases, or to disinfect or neutralize
the same.
These objects we effect chiefly by constructing traps, waste plugs, or
gullies with a second or interior grating, strainer, or perforated plate,
fitted to or forming part of the bell cup or "trap," and by preference
making the holes or perforations in these interior contrivances of smaller
area singly than those in the outer or usual covering plate, but of greater
number, so as to afford a more than equal total area of openings to that
of the upper grating or perforated plate, in order that the passage of the
water or other fluids may be as little impeded as possible whilst any
substances not desired to pass down the sink or drain that may pass
through the outer grating will be arrested by such interior grating or
strainer.
Several varieties of " traps" suitable for sinks are represented in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Figure 1 shews a section of a sink trap provided with a bell cup
having an annular perforated plate a cast therewith or fitted thereto.
Fig. 2 shews a section of a sink trap having an interior grating or
perforated strainer c of the form shewn, which drops into the rebate into
which the outer plate is fitted. To the interior grating c may be fitted
and secured if desired a solid plate d accurately cast or turned so as to
make an air-tight joint with the grating c to prevent the escape of air,
gas, or smell.
Figure 3 represents another variety of interior grating and bell cup
having a dish or hollow to receive any matter or substance which gets
through the outer grating, but fails to pass the inner one.
Figure 4 shews a sink trap fitted with our interior grating and having
the outer shell e cast so as to form at e¹ a hollow in which any matter
may collect which is not wanted to pass down the drain. The interior

page_text: grating may have a moveable plate similar to that shewn in Figure 2, to
allow of access to the pipe leading from the sink.
Figure 5 represents in section a trap, or drain, or gully, constructed so
as to provide a second or double water joint. The outer covering plate
is formed with a tubular part g which dips below the surface of any
fluid contained in the cup or hollow h of the interior trap i, and retards
the evaporation of the fluid retained in the lower part of the shell of the
trap, and forms an additional security against the escape of air, gas, or
smell. The interior trap i may be made with perforations at its lower
part i*, or it may have feet only on which to stand in place, or it may
be supported by arms or otherwise from the upper part of the shell of
the trap.
Figure 6 shews another variety of trap with double water joint. The
interior trap z is made as shewn, is furnished with holes z., and arrests
any solid substances that may be contained in the passing fluid.
In some cases we cast or make the outer shell of the trap or gully
with an interior grating or series of perforations, and either with or
without a hollow or receptacle similar to that represented in Figure 4;
and in these cases we dispense with the perforations in the interior trap
or in any plate, disc, or cup attached thereto.
In order to effect the purification or neutralization of deleterious
matters or vapours contained in the air or gases rising through the pipes
leading from sinks, drains, waterclosets, or other receptacles, we provide
a chamber for containing charcoal, carbolic acid, or other disinfectant,
either fluid or solid. This chamber we so construct and place as to cause
all air or gases passing up or through such pipes or other outlets to come
in contact with the disinfecting substances or fluids contained in the
chamber and be thereby purified or rendered innocuous.
Figure 7 of the annexed Drawings represents a section of a trap fitted
with a chamber which is carried by or cast in one piece with the interior
grating n. This chamber is made of a cylinder m closed at bottom to
contain fluid or solid disinfectants, and is provided with a screw cap, or
lid, or cover m to prevent any escape of air or vapour, and to allow of
the introduction of a fresh supply of disinfectant from time to time.
Holes or apertures o, o, are made in the cylinder m to allow the air or
vapours rising in the pipe p to come into contact with the disinfectant
and to permit the fumes or evaporation of such disinfectant to com-

page_text: mingle with and purify any air, gas, or vapour which may escape from
the trap or drain.
Figure 8 shews another variety of chamber to contain charcoal or
other solid disinfectant which is retained in the chamber by a grating
or perforated plate S, hinged or otherwise attached to the chamber so as
to be moveable when necessary to renew the supply of disinfectant.
Figure 9 represents another variety of trap with a chamber for con-
taining liquid or solid disinfectants, in which the lower part a of the
chamber is carried down to form a water joint as shewn. The perforated
annular plate 6 may be cast in one piece with the chamber, or made
separately therefrom.
In some cases we construct traps to be conected with the pipes leading
from sinks, drains, or other outlets with chambers to receive disinfectants
or other chemicals, and with interior gratings, or in connection with
bends for water joints in lieu of such second or interior gratings or
perforated plates. These traps may be placed underneath the sink or
receptacle to be drained or in any other situation convenient of access.
Figure 10 shews one variety of trap so constructed. is the outer
casing of the trap. wo is the chamber to contain the disinfectant; its
lower end w 1 is prolonged and serves as shewn to confine the air in
the pipe 1, and its upper end is closed by a lid or cover w 3. The
disinfectant is introduced through the opening closed by a screw cap w2
or the lid or cover 20 3 may be removed for that purpose. The
chamber to is made with a wide flange at top which serves as a cover to
the casing v. An interior grating is attached to or cast in one piece with
the chamber wo or the outer casing v.
Figure 11 represents a trap with a chamber t for containing disinfec-
tants formed in one piece with or attached to a casting u forming a bend
for water joint in lieu of a second or interior grating or perforated plate.
This chamber t has a socket wo to connect it with the pipe x from an
ordinary sink or drain. This chamber t may be made to contain fluid
disinfectants or chemicals, and be placed so that the fumes thereof shall
come in contact with the air or gases passing through the pipe x 1.
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 are drawn to a smaller scale than the
other Figures.
In all cases these interior gratings, strainers, or perforated plates,
together with the bell cups or traps, and the chambers for containing

page_text: disinfectants may be fastened to their outer casings either by screws,
bolts, and nuts, wedges, or by soldering, or other convenient means
according to their form or position, and they may be modified in shape
or size to suit any special requirements.
66
"
Further we desire to say that we are aware that interior gratings have
been and are made in connection with certain traps, such as
horse pots'
for stables, and we lay no claim thereto; but what we do claim as our
Invention is the construction, combination, and arrangement of parts of
traps, waste plugs, gullies, or other outlets as herein-before described,
for sinks, baths, drains, and other conduits of water or other fluids;
and further we claim the construction, combination, and arrangement
of traps with chambers for containing disinfectants, substantially as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Luiz Augusto da Costa and Thomas
Lawrie, junior, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twenty-third day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
0 Witness,
DAVID LONGSDON,
Stanstead Lane,
Forest Hill.
LUIZ AUGUSTO DA COSTA. (L.S.)
THOMAS LAWRIE, JUNIOR.
(L.S.).