IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING OR FORMING AND PRESSING BRICKS OR OTHER PLASTIC OR SEMI-PLASTIC FORMS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Kennedy, of Leeds, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING
OR FORMING AND PRESSING BRICKS OR OTHER PLASTIC OR SEMI-PLASTIC
FORMS."
Sealed the 13th April 1875, and dated the 17th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Kennedy at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th October 1874.)
I, WILLIAM KENNEDY, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR MAKING OR FORMING AND PRESSING BRICKS OR OTHER PLASTIC OR SEMI-PLASTIC
FORMS." to be as follows:-

page_text: are made of any suitable form for giving the required shape to the brick
or other forms.
Above each mould is provided a plunger, which I call the "upper
plunger." Each plunger forces by its downward movement the
material into the mould, also presses the brick or other form in the
mould.
For the purpose of bringing down the "upper" plunger, forcing
thereby the material into each mould, I employ by preference two
internal cams fitted on each end of a shaft which is mounted on suitablo
bearings on the framework, and for giving additional pressure to the
upper" plungers I provide over each an additional cam mounted by
preference on the same shaft as the herein-before mentioned internal
cams, whereby the bricks or other forms are pressed ready to be burnt.
In each mould in the table is provided another plunger, which is
employed for forcing the brick or other form out of the moulds. The
required movement is given to these plungers from other internal cams
mounted by preference on the same shaft as the before-mentioned
cams.
For the purpose of regulating the thickness of the brick or other form
I employ an adjustable incline adjusted by the attendant by means of a
suitable screw and hand wheel. The adjustable incline or wedge may
be raised or lowered as required, regulating thereby the height of each
"lower plunger in their respective moulds, reducing or increasing
thereby the thickness of the brick or other form.
For the purpose of filling the moulds I provide a box, to which is
imparted an intermittent reciprocating motion. This box is alternately
brought under a hopper for the purpose of being filled, and over the
moulds in the table, into which mould or moulds the material is
deposited, motion is given from suitable cam or cams which I fix by
preference on the same shaft as the herein-before mentioned cams.
For the purpose of lubricating the bottom plunger I provide a lubri-
cating roller, which is carried backwards and forwards with the feeding
box. The supply of oil required for the lubricating roller is supplied
from a "can" or other suitable receptacle on the machine, this supply
being conveyed thereto through tubes provided with suitable stop-cocks
which are opened and shut by a self-acting tappit arrangement, which

page_text: admits of the oil being supplied to the lubricating roller simultaneously
with the feeding box being filled. When required the plungers may be
heated by ordinary means.
For the purpose of filling the feeding box I provide a hopper, which I
by preference make larger at the bottom than at the top. By this
arrangement the "clogging" inside the hopper is prevented, and the
filling of the feeding box ensured.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Kennedy in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
KENNEDY, of Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Kennedy, Her special
licence that I, tho said William Kennedy, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Kennedy, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MAKING OR FORMING AND PRESSING BRICKS OR OTHER PLASTIC OR
SEMI-PLASTIC FORMS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Kennedy, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Kennedy, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to he

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to say :—
'
My Invention relates to machinery for making or forming and pressing
bricks or other plastic or semi-plastic forms, and is as hercafter
described.
Between suitable framework I fix a table; in it is or are provided one
or more moulds for receiving plastic or semi-plastic clay. These moulds
are made of any suitable form for giving the required shape to the brick
or other forms.
Above each mould is provided a plunger, which I call the "upper
plunger." Each plunger forces by its downward movement the
material into the mould, also presses the brick or other form in the
mould.
For the purpose of bringing down the "upper plunger," forcing 1
thereby the material into each mould, I employ by preference two
internal cams fitted on each end of a shaft, which is mounted on suitable
bearings on the framework, and for giving additional pressure to the
upper" plungers I provide over each an additional cam mounted by
preference on the same shaft as the herein-before mentioned internal 2
cams, whereby the bricks or other forms are pressed ready to be burnt.
66
In each mould in the table is provided another plunger, which is
employed for forcing the brick or other form out of the moulds. The
required movement is given to these plungers from other internal cams
mounted by preference on the same shaft as the before-mentioned 2
cams.
For the purpose of regulating the thickness of the brick or other form
I employ an adjustable incline adjusted by the attendant by means of a
suitable screw and hand wheel. The adjustable incline or wedge may be
raised or lowered as required, regulating thereby the height of each 8
"lower" plunger in their respective moulds, reducing or increasing
thereby the thickness of the brick or other form.
For the purpose of filling the moulds I provide a box, to which is
imparted an intermittent reciprocating motion. This box is alternately
brought under a hopper for the purpose of being filled, and over the 3
moulds in the table, into which mould or moulds the material is

page_text: deposited, motion is given from suitable cam or cams, which I fix by
preference on the same shaft as the herein-before mentioned cams.
For the purpose of lubricating the bottom plunger I provide a lubri-
cating roller, which is carried backwards and forwards with the feeding
box. The supply of oil required for the lubricating roller is supplied
from a "can" or other suitable receptacle on the machine, the supply
being conveyed thereto through tubes provided with suitable stop-cocks,
which are opened and shut by a self-acting tappit arrangement, which
admits of the oil being supplied to the lubricating roller simultaneously
with the feeding box being filled. When required the plungers may be
heated by ordinary means.
For the purpose of filling the feeding box I provide a hopper, which I
by preference make larger at the bottom than at the top.
By this
arrangement the "clogging" inside the hopper is prevented, and the
filling of the feeding box ensured.
In order that my Invention may be more completely understood
reference is given to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings and to the
letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a front elevation; Figure 2, a section through A, B, of
Figure 1; and Figure 3, a plan looking at the top.
Between suitable framework a I fix a table b; in it is or are provided
one or more moulds c for receiving the plastic or semi-plastic clay.
These moulds c are made of any suitable form for giving the required
shape to the bricks or other forms. Above each mould c is provided a
plunger d, which I call the "upper plunger." Each "upper plunger" d
forces by its downward movement the material into the mould c, also
presses the brick or other form into the mould ċ.
For the purpose of bringing down the "upper plunger" d, forcing
thereby the material into each mould c, I employ two internal cams e
fitted on each end of the shaft f, which is mounted in suitable bearings g
on the framework α, and for giving additional pressure to the " upper
plunger" d I provide over each an additional cam h, mounted by pre-
ference on the same shaft fas the herein-before mentioned internal
cams e, whereby the bricks or other forms are pressed ready to be burnt.
In each mould c in the table 6 is provided another plunger i, which is
employed for forcing the brick or other form out of the mould c. The
required movement is given to these plungers from other internal

page_text: cams j, mounted by preference on the same shaft fas the herein-before
mentioned cams.
For the purpose of regulating the thickness of the bricks or other
forms I employ an adjustable incline k, adjusted by the attendant by
means of a suitable screw and hand wheel m. The adjustable incline t
or wedge / may be raised or lowered as required, regulating thereby the
k
height of each lower plunger i in their respective moulds c, reducing or
increasing thereby the thickness of the brick or other form.
The "upper plungers" d are fixed to a cross head n, which is fitted so
as to move freely within the V slides o, which by preference are made 1
adjustable, as shewn, to compensate for the wear, also for adjusting the
position of the "upper plungers" d. The required movement to the
upper plungers "is transmitted from the cams e through the runners p,
shaft and cross head n. The runners ", which are provided with a
shaft s, and mounted in bearings in the cross head n, are provided for 1
receiving and transmitting the pressure from the cams h.
"
The springs t in the lower plungers are provided as a compensating
safeguard for irregularities in the consistency and quality of material
deposited in the moulds c, preventing thereby breakage of machinery.
Any other convenient or suitable form of spring may be employed.
2
For the purpose of filling the moulds c I provide a box u, to which is
imparted an intermittent reciprocating motion by means of the cams
(which are mounted on the shaft f) transmitted through the runners w
and levers x. The box is alternately brought under the hopper y for
the purpose of being filled, and over the moulds c in the table b, into 2
which mould or moulds c the material is deposited.
For the purpose of lubricating the bottom plunger i and " upper
plunger" d I provide the lubricating rollers 1 and 2. Circular or other
brushes may be employed instead of the lubricating rollers 1 and 2.
These lubricating rollers 1 and 2 or their equivalents are mounted on 8
the feeding box u, and carried backward and forward with it.']
The supply of lubricating oil for the rollers 1 and 2 or their equivalents
is provided from a can 3 or other suitable receptacle on the machine,
the supply being conveyed thereto through tubes or pipes 4 and 5
provided with suitable stop-cocks 6 and 7, which are opened and shut 3
by a self-acting tappit arrangement 8, which admits of the oil being
supplied to the lubricating rollers 1 and 2 or their equivalents simul-

page_text: taneously with the feeding box u being filled. When required the
plungers may be heated by ordinary means.
For the purpose of filling the feeding box or boxes u I provide a
hopper y, which I make larger at the bottom than at the top, as shewn.
By this arrangement this "clogging" inside is prevented, and the filling
of the feeding box u is ensured.
Motion is imparted to the machine from some suitable motive power
being transmitted thereto through driving pulley 9, pinions 10, and spur
wheels 11.
The internal cams e and j and the external cam v may when preferred
be cast together with the spur wheel 11.
Having thus fully described my Invention I would remark that the
same may be varied or modified without departing therefrom, but what
I do claim and desire to be secured to me by Letters Patent is,―
Firstly. The arrangement, construction, and application of the various
internal and external cams for imparting and transmitting the required
motion and pressure to the plungers d and i, substantially as and for
purposes herein set forth.
Secondly. The arrangement and application of the various parts for
Olubricating the plungers d and i, substantially as herein set forth.
Thirdly. The arrangement, construction, and application of hopper y,
substantially as herein set forth.
Fourthly. The arrangement, construction, and application of incline k
and parts connected therewith, substantially as and for purposes herein
5 set forth.
Fifthly. The general arrangement, construction, and combination of
the various parts forming the machine, substantially as and for purposes