IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY, HOTEL, AND DINING CARRIAGES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY, HOTEL, AND DINING
CARRIAGES." A Communication from abroad by George M. Pullman,
of Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
5
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake
"
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 8th June 1871, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
i
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
5
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 8th June 1871, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
i
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY, HOTEL, AND DINING CARRIAGES," and have petitioned Her Majesty

page_text: to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal
Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that it
has been communicated to me from abroad by George M. Pullman, of
Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
scal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings forming
a part of this Specification, in which Figure 1 is a sectional perspective
view of one side of the interior of my improved hotel carriage; Figure 2
is a transverse section of the said carriage taken through the middle of
a state room; Figure 3 is a perspective view of one of the transverse
seats; Figure 4 is a horizontal section of one end of the carriage showing
the location of the state room and passages; Figure 5 is a side view of
one of the movable chairs with the cushions extended; Figure 1ª is a
perspective sectional view of the interior of one side of a dining carriage
constructed according to a modification of my Invention; Figure 2ª is a
transverse section of the same taken through the kitchen A, Figure 1*.
:
The first part of my improvements is designed to provide a convenient
carriage in which passengers, and especially families, may ride, eat, and
sleep, and it consists, first, in the location and arrangement of the state
rooms; second, in an improved movable and convertible chair; and,
third, in providing a sleeping carriage with a kitchen and range, or
cooking apparatus.
A, A, Figures 1, 2, and 4, are state rooms located near the ends of the
carriage; in the Drawings two are shewn at each end, and this number
may be increased or diminished. These rooms are located on one side of
the carriage, the side forming one wall of the room, as shewn at B,
Figure 4, and they extend across the carriage nearly to the opposite side,
leaving only a passage way C, Figures 2 and 4, between the side of the
carriage B' and the partition of the room D. There is no communication
between this passage and the state rooms. The latter are entered by
means of doors E opening from the middle aisle G, and from the
vestibule H in the end of the carriage. If ladies and children or
families wish to occupy the state rooms they can be entirely closed,
and the other passengers and the employès of the train may pass

page_text: around them; but if persons who are strangers to each other are
assigned to the different berths in these rooms, by leaving the doors
open at either end the passage way is continued directly through the
rooms, which then become part of the common apartment of the
carriage, or in effect sections upon either side of the central aisle.
The passage way between the side of the carriage and the rooms may
pass to the right of the rooms at one end of the carriage, and to the
left at the other end. The number of rooms and of intermediate sections
of seats and couches may be varied according to circumstances. For the
purpose of furnishing these rooms for the more perfect accommodation
of families or parties, they are provided with movable chairs K, Figures
1 and 2, which are of the size of large arm chairs designed to seat a
single person. These chairs may be turned upon one foot L as a pivot,
or they may be free to move about the room. The seat and back frames
M, N, Figures 1 and 5, of these chairs are movable, so that, at night by
placing two of the chairs opposite to and facing each other, as shewn in
Figure 1, and securing them in place by placing the feet in sockets in
the floor or otherwise, and connecting them by bars extending from one
chair to the other at the level of the bottom of the seat frames, as shewn
at P, Figure 5, the seats may be drawn forward, and the backs may be
let down, Figure 5, so as to unite with the seat and back of the opposito
chair and form a couch suitable for one person.
My improved carriage is also provided with a kitchen R, in which is
located a small cooking stove. or range for the preparation of meals for
the passengers. This kitchen is also provided with suitable shelves and
boxes for provisions, while the closet S on the opposite side of the aisle
may be used for table furniture and linen. The stove or range may be
of any suitable kind, as my Invention does not relate to the details,
but broadly to the combination with a sleeping carriage of a cooking
apartment for the preparation of the meals of travellers, who ard thus
enabled to ride, sleep, and eat in the same carriage..
My improved dining carriage is intended to be used as. a. travelling
dining saloon and restaurant, and contains several features which are
believed to adapt it more perfectly than any other carriage to the
3 comfort and convenience of passengers.
These features may be thus described. The kitchen A" is located at
the contro of the carriage instead of being placed at either end.

page_text: The advantages of this location are, that in whatsoever direction the
carriage may be travelling at least one half of it will be in advance of
the kitchen, the odours of which are borne by the draught towards the
rear. In addition to this the carriage being divided into two dining
rooms may be placed at or near the middle of the train, so that the
passengers who ride in front of it can be accommodated in the front
compartment, and those in the carriages behind in the rear com-
partment. The carriage will thus be more accessible from all parts of
the train than if it were placed at either end of the same. The said
kitchen A¹ is fitted up with a water tank B³, range 0', sink D' (see
Figure 2), and with suitable shelves and tables. Beneath the floor of
the carriage is a large refrigerator and provision chamber E' for con-
taining ice, fruit, and other provisions. Suitable pantries F, F, are
provided, and also lavatorics and waterclosets. The seats are arranged
transversely, so as to face each other, as in the sections of a sleeping
carriage. Between each pair of scats is a table G³, one end of which is
supported by a leg H', while the other end is hooked into sockets in the
side of the carriage, so as to be readily detachable. In the panels
between the windows and opposite the tables are small cupboards K²
provided with suitable doors. and with shelves for holding the table 2
furniture.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I claim,-
First. A state room or rooms located on one side of a railway carriage,
with passages on the opposite side of the carriage, and also longitudinally
through the room, so that the room may be isolated or thrown open as
part of the carriage as may be desired.
Second. A kitchen, provided with a cooking apparatus in combination
with a sleeping carriage, for the purpose described.
Third. The provision chamber E³, located at or near the centre of the
carriage, in combination with the kitchen A', substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The arrangement of closets or cupboards in the panels
between each pair of windows, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
Fifth. The combination in a dining carriage of a kitchen A³, water
tank B³, range and provision chamber E¹, when the latter is located
below the floor of the carriage, substantially as described.

page_text: Sixth. The combination in a dining carriage of a kitchen A', tables G¹,
cupboards K', lavatories, and waterclosets, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
E. W. TYNDALL.
WILLIAM ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)