matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MOULD FOR MAKING CIGARETTES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wilkins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January 1867.
I, JOHN WILKINS, of No. 1, Clare Terrace," Oak Street, Wolverhampton,
in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MOULD FOR MAKING CIGARETTES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of three tubes, made of wood, brass, german silver,
silver, gold, or of any suitable material, each tube of any and of different size;
and of any length and thickness so constructed that they shall fit together
similar to a telescope, and when not required for use may be closed together
so that the mould may be compact and convenient for carrying in the pocket.
In the annexed Drawing Figure 1 represents the mould expanded, and
Figure 2 the mould closed or shut together. Fig. 1 (a) represents a thin
metal tube, with a collar at one end; (b) represents a tube so constructed as
to form a trough for conveying the tobacco into the tube (a); (c) represents
a tube with each end closed, which in conjunction with tube or trough (b)
form a plunger for forcing or expelling the mouth piece and the tobacco,
together or separately through tube (a); Figure 2 represents the three tubes
closed compact for the pocket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fraser at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1867.
I, JAMES FRASER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Stationer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PRINTING CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide machinery or a machine by which
sheets of consecutively numbered tickets, cheques, or forms can be printed
without removing the sheet of paper or tissue from the machine; this is
effected by printing line after line of numbers the full width of the sheet from
the top downwards.
Note. The numbers on any line will not reading from left to right be
consecutive, but will follow each other at distances corresponding to the
number of tickets, cheques, or forms in a straight line from top to bottom of
the sheet.
I employ two or more sets of numbering discs, of the kind known paging
machine discs, on the same spindle, and by a lever with a slot therein and set
screw vary the lead of the one set as may be required. Inking rollers or pads
are employed; they are brought into contact with the figures on the discs after
they have moved and are ready for giving the impression, and just before they

page_text: touch the sheet the spindle and discs are made to revolve by power applied
in any convenient manner, and as the numbers come round the sheets of
paper fed by hand or on a travelling table or belt receive the impressions of
the numbers in consecutive order.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE OXIDE OF IRON RESIDUES OF GAS PURIFYING IN ORDER PRINCIPALLY TO EXTRACT SULPHUR THEREPROM
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September
1867.
I, THOMAS BELL, of Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE
OXIDE OF IRON RESIDUES OF GAS PURIFYING IN ORDER PRINCIPALLY TO EXTRACT
SULPHUR THEREPROM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating the oxide of iron
residues of gas purifying in order principally to extract sulphur therefrom.
For this purpose I treat the oxide of iron residues with bi-sulphide of carbon,
by which the sulphur is taken up from the oxide; afterwards I draw off from
the oxide of iron residue as much bi-sulphide of carbon as practicable, and
treat it again and again in a similar manner with fresh bi-sulphide until there
is no sulphur remaining in the oxide; I afterwards distil off, and so recover the
remaining bi-sulphide, leaving only cyanides and a few other impurities in the
oxide of iron, which may be afterwards burnt off or otherwise removed. To
obtain the sulphur from the bi-sulphide of carbon I subject it to distillation, by
which the bi-sulphide is driven off and recovered to be again used, and the
remaining sulphur may be afterwards melted and formed into cakes or bars
By these means the oxide of iron residue will have the sulphur
extracted entirely from it, and will be brought into as fit a state for use or
nearly so as in the first instance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES AND THEIR MANUFACTURE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clowes Bayley and Daniel
Campbell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th September 1867.
We, JOHN CLOWES BAYLEY and DANIEL CAMPBELL, of 10, John Street,
Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES AND THEIR
MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
In our Invention we do not claim nor confine ourselves to any particular
form or size of elongated projectile, but by way of illustration we would
refer to the present pattern used by the British Government for the Snider
rifle, in which a parallel hole of about half an inch deep is formed in the front
of the projectile and afterwards filled with wood, the object being to lighten
the missile in front and thereby to secure more accurate firing.
Our improvement consists in dispensing with the said wood, at the same
time retaining all its advantages, thus considerably reducing the cost of
manufacture.
In forming the projectile as claimed by us the hole is made as before
stated, but instead of filling it with wood we leave a projection of metal at the
front, which we afterwards close over the said hole, thus forming the point and
leaving a cavity. We likewise arrange that the metal shall be so distributed
as to compensate for the loss of weight by the extraction of the wood.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND TO BE USED FOR IGNITING FIRES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Edward Herrmann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th July 1867.-A communication from abroad by Heinrich Waltjen,
of Bremen.
I, ADOLPHUS EDWARD HERRMANN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London,
Wine Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMPOUND TO BE USED FOR IGNITING FIRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of an article suitable for kindling
fires moulded from a plastic compound of inflammable substances, the object
being to produce an efficient fire kindler at a comparatively small cost. To
this end two mixtures which may be designated A and B are prepared
separately and then combined by mixing together equal parts of the two;
compound thus produced is placed in moulds and heated, and it is then by
pressure formed into cakes.
the
To produce mixture A, to any given quantity of pulverized coal and pul-
verized charcoal (either or both), coal tar and rosin are added in the pro-
portion, say, of one half (more or less) by weight, and stirred or pugged to
form a homogeneous mass. To this mixture are added small proportions of
mineral wax known as ozokerite and of nitrate, acetate, chromate, or sesqui-
oxide of lead, or other product that will give off oxygen for quickening and
maintaining combustion. In mixture B the same substances are used with
the exception of the coal and charcoal dust, for which sawdust is substituted.
It is not however absolutely necessary to adhere to all the substances men-

page_text: tioned, and vegetable wax and mineral oils may if thought desirable be
employed. The proportions to be adhered to in the preparation of the
compound are such as will ensure a hard free burning inodorous cake or
block, that while suitable as a fire lighter will offer no obstacle to its
domestic use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING LIGHTS OR BEACONS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Right Honorable James, Earl
of Caithness, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th February 1867.
I, The Right Honorable JAMES, Earl of CAITHNESS, of Hill Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING LIGHTS OR BEACONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus in connection with floating lights or beacons, and has for its object
the ensuring the lantern always maintaining a vertical or nearly vertical
position whilst under the action of the waves, in lieu of, as heretofore, rolling
with the motion of the light ship or buoy, and consequently assuming various
angles with the horizon and preventing the light rays from being transmitted
in the most suitable direction.
The essential feature of this Invention consists in attaching to the lantern
a weighted pendulum, which is allowed to swing freely in any direction by
having it suspended from gimbals or from a ball-and-socket joint. By this
arrangement the lantern will be maintained by the action of the weighted
pendulum in a vertical or nearly vertical position, although the light ship or
buoy may be rolling violently. It is further proposed to adopt the support

page_text: of the lantern and pendulum to the interior of a hollow casing secured to the
deck of the light ship, and to render such support capable of moving up or
down the interior of such casing so as to enable the lantern to be readily
lowered, thereby protecting it from injury when not in use and affording
ready access for cleaning and trimming.
AN IMPROVED METALLIC SPRING MATTRESS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Avoyne-Baiuée and Marie
Joseph Sibillat at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th August 1867.
We, Louis AVOYNE-BAINÉE, of No. 22, Rue des Boulangers St. Victor,
Paris, and MARIE JOSEPH SIBILLAT, of No. 7, Boulevart Bonne Nouvelle,
Paris, both Metallic Bed Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METALLIC SPRING MATTRESS,"
follows:-
This improved spring mattress is entirely of iron, may be dismounted and
set up again very quickly, and occupying when taken to pieces very little
space compared with that required by ordinary spring mattresses it offers
much greater facility of transportation. In its most simple construction this
mattress borrows its elasticity simply from two helical springs, or even from
a single plate spring such as those upon which carriages are suspended. These
springs are attached by one end to a lower fixed cross piece of the mattress,
and by the other to a bent brace or swing lever embracing an extreme end
cross piece placed at half the depth of the mattress, and the ends of which pivot
in longitudinal iron bars forming the sides of the mattress. Lengths-of-boop
iron are attached at the head end of the mattress by means-of-a-screw-to-the-
upper curved end of each of the swing levers, and at the foot end these same

page_text: lengths or laths pass over curved braces or supports fixed to the cross piece
forming the foot of the mattress, where they are attached by rivets to the head
of a tension or adjusting screw passing through the lower end of the curved
support, which is bent at right angles to receive it, and the hoop iron laths
can thus be more or less stretched by the aid of a nut.
A NEW METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WINDING UP CLOCKWORK
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1867. A communication from abroad by Gustave Rey,
Junior, of Paris, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR WINDING UP CLOCKWORK," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to dispense with keys for winding up clocks
and consequently with the necessity for keyholes in the dial plates or faces.
The Invention consists in winding up clocks by means of a paul and ratchet
lever and depending rod in permanent connection with each barrel axis. The
barrel of the minute wheels or clock movement has mounted loosely on its
axis a lever, the outer end of which has a rod provided with a ring or handle
depending therefrom; the barrel axis carries also a ratchet wheel; the lever
carries a paul or click, which, when the rod is pulled down takes into the
ratchet wheel and causes it, together with the barrel axis, to move round; on
raising the rod this paul rides over the ratchet teeth, while another paul
attached to the frame takes into the teeth and prevents the wheel moving in
the reverse direction; thus the drawing down of the rod produces the rotation
and winds up the clock. The same arrangement is fitted to the barrel of the
striking mechanism of the clock.
The Invention is chiefly intended for picture clocks (tableaux à horloge)
but also applies to other clocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING SHAFTS AND OTHER SIMILAR FRICTIONAL SURFACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hodson, William Mather,
and James Risley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
'their Petition, on the 6th September 1867.
We, THOMAS HODSON, WILLIAM MATHER, and JAMES RISLEY, all of
Bedford, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING SHAFTS AND OTHER SIMILAR
FRICTIONAL SURFACES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates principally to the lubrication of shafts for [spindles
which have horizontal or diagonal bearings, and is designed to supply such
frictional surfaces with oil or suitable lubricating material from the interior of
such bearings.
The improvements consist in the employment and use of a chamber or cavity
within the lower part of the bearing to contain lubricant which is transferred or
supplied from the chamber to the shaft by means of a cylindrical roller of cork,
felt, flannel, leather, or suitable material; this roller is mounted on a spindle
and slightly projects through an aperture in the bearing so as to be lightly in
contact with the shaft so that the revolution of the shaft causes the revo-
lution of the roller, and the lubrication is thus effected by self-acting means.
At the ends of the bearing a transverse groove is made which has apertures
cominunicating with the chamber below and at the bottom of the bearing a
groove is formed parallel with the shaft so that the superabundant oil or
lubricant passes along these grooves and is returned to the chamber, whereby
a constant movement and supply of the lubricant is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Jeremiah Murphy, of Cork, in the County
of the City of Cork, Ireland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES."
Sealed the 12th November 1867, and dated the 22nd May 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Jeremiah Murphy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd May 1867.
I, WILLIAM JEREMIAH MURPHY, of Cork, in the County of the City of
Cork, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES," to be as
follows:-
I propose to attach to the breech end of the barrel of the gun or rifle a
cartridge holder open at both ends; this cartridge holder to swing on a pivot
or spindle at any angle that may be required, so as to make it swing either
above or below or through the side of that part of the breech made for its
reception. On the cartridge holder near where the spindle enters the swinging
point or eye will be cut two teeth, one tooth to keep the cartridge holder in
its proper position when firing, the other to act as the half-cock, as until the
cartridge holder passes the last tooth it will be out of the centre, and the

page_text: needle or striker although on full-cock if it should go off accidentally will only
strike the side of the cartridge and not the cap. On the spindle alluded to a
spiral spring will press in so as to work into the teeth on the cartridge holder.
When the spindle is drawn out the teeth will be free, and if the cartridge
holder be set in the side it will swing out by its own weight ready for the
introduction of a fresh cartridge, which will be introduced from the rear
and push out the empty shell remaining in the holder after the explosion.
The needle or striker will also be put on full-cock by drawing out the spindle as
it has a separate spiral spring, and will work quite independent of the spindle.
I further propose to introduce in the back part of the gun where the needle
or striker enters and extending to the base of the cartridge a solid block of
gutta percha or india-rubber, or some other soft material to absorb the force
of the recoil. I also propose that the metallic cartridges already in use be
covered with some soft substance, such as leather, gutta percha, or the like,
so as to keep the cartridge tight in the holder while the needle strikes the cap.
If necessary the cartridge holder may be rifled or ribbed to grip the soft
material; or the shape of the holder may be made contrary to the shape of
the cartridge, so as to steady it in the holder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ESCAPEMENT OF WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Forrest Watson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1867.
I, JOHN FORREST WATSON, of 62, St. John's Square, Clerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ESCAPEMENT OF WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that part of watches and timekeepers known as
the escapement; it consists in the construction of a detent or pallet in a
manner that has not hitherto been employed. The detent or pallet is made
to embrace two or three teeth of the scape wheel; on the outer edge of the
detent the scape wheel is locked to prevent the detent from going beyond a
certain depth into the scape wheel; a reverse angle to that of the locking is
made on the detent or on the wheel. On the arbor of the detent is an arm
about the same length from the centre as the locking; this arm is brought to
a fine point, and should stand in a direct line to the balance staff when the
wheel is locked. On the balance staff is an unlocking pallet which comes in
contact with the arm and unlocks the scape wheel when it falls on the
impulse pallet; before it has finally completed the impulse it comes in contact
with the inner flanch of the detent and again locks the wheel; on the return
of the balance the unlocking pallet moves the arm and brings the tooth of the

page_text: wheel on the incline plane of the detent, but the force of the wheel brings it
back to its original place, and so on.
The advantage of this escapement over any other is its extreme simplicity,
and it requires no oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGE HOLDERS MORE ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SHOOTING COATS AND BELTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leetch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1867.
I, JAMES LEETCH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARTRIDGE HOLDERS MORE ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SHOOTING COATS AND BELTS,"
to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in the employment of elastic or flexible pouches
which are attached to a coat, waistcoat, or other garment, or to a separate
belt. Each pouch receives one cartridge, and holds the same is such a
manner as to prevent its being injured or accidentally displaced, but will
allow its ready removal when required for use; the said holders or pouches are.
formed of india-rubber, india-rubber webbing, cloth, or other suitably elastic or,
flexible material, a strip or band of the same being by preference employed;:
the said strip is sewn within the pocket of a coat or other garment, or upon..
any convenient portion of the same, and is divided into any desired number of.
partitions or pouches, into which the cartridges are separately. inserted, with
the rim or rear end just above the aperture of the pouch in the proper
position to be conveniently taken hold of when a cartridge is to be withdrawn..
As each cartridge is removed from its pouch the latter will collapse-
and lie flat against the side of the pocket, which when all the cartridges are
used will occupy but little space, and will therefore be found much more..
convenient than cartridge boxes of metal, wood, or other hard materiale

page_text: When used for sporting purposes the elastic pouches will readily allow the
empty cartridge cases to be replaced therein for refilling. The belts are by
preference made of leather, and provided with a buckle or other suitable fasten-
ing for securing the same around the waist. The strip of webbing or other
material is sewn around or partially around the outside of the belt, the
desired number of divisions or pouches being formed therein of suitable size
to hold the cartridges properly. The pouches when attached either to a belt
or to a coat or other garment are provided with a flap or cover of india-
rubber webbing or other waterproof material, which effectually protects the
cartridges from wet, dust, heat, and other injury, and also from falling out or
being otherwise accidentally displaced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING OR FEEDING WATER TO STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davey and David Davy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 24th August 1867.
We, HENRY DAVEY, of Gunnislake, in the County of Cornwall, and DAVID
DAVY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING
OR FEEDING WATER TO STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a means by which water is made to enter a steam
boiler in a ready and simple manner by the use of apparatus herein-after
described, which is also applicable for other purposes.
We mount a wheel with recesses on its circumference or openings in its
side on centres or spindles in a casing so as to turn freely; this casing is
provided with two openings, one communicating with the boiler below the
water level and the other with the steam space. It is further provided with
one or more openings for receiving the water from a tank or other supply.
These openings are arranged on the circumference at the sides, so that as the
wheel revolves the recesses or openings being previously filled with steam
become filled with water on passing the supply openings from the tank (the
steam being condensed), and thence pass round to the openings communicating
with the boiler where they are emptied of water and again filled with steam.
The apparatus is made self-acting by arranging the inlets for the water so that
it impinges in an inclined direction on the wheel cavities, causing it to start in
the required direction, the motion being further maintained by the weight of
water being on one side of the wheel only.

page_text: Figure 1 of the Drawing represents a transverse section of the apparatus
of this Invention, and Figure 2 a separate side view of the wheel or centre
rotating piece, which is fitted in its case, so that the pressure upon it shall be
in equilibrium.
a, a, is the supply, which may be from a head of water, or the apparatus will
draw from a well by reason of the vacuum produced by the condensation of
the steam in the wheel cavities b, b; c is the delivery pipe of the water carried
below the water level in the boiler, and d the passage for steam from the boiler
to the apparatus which induces its action as above described.
Figure 3 shows in horizontal section the water passages e, by means of
which the water is caused to impinge in an inclined direction on the wheel
cavities 6 for imparting motion thereto.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS USED IN FRAMES FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING OR PREPARING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Dunch Frost at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June
1867.
I, FREDERICK DUNCH FROST, of the Firm of Frost Brothers, of London
Street, in the City of London, Rope Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS USED IN FRAMES
FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING OR PREPARING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the front rollers used in frames for
drawing and spinning or preparing fibrous materials with a groove of ☐ shape
in its periphery, and in placing in the bottom of this groove leather or other
suitable yielding material. The ordinary lower roller or boss works in the
groove and draws the fibrous material through. The leather may be secured
in any convenient manner, but it will generally be found that the pressure
upon it will force it against the sides of the groove sufficiently to hold it in
place.
AN IMPROVED ROTARY HEEL FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cronier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August.
1867.
I, JOHN CRONIER, of No. 18, Lucan Place, Hoxton, in the County of
Middlesex, Boot & Shoe Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the, said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED ROTARY HEEL FOR BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as
follows:-
That my Invention relates to the manufacturing of rotary heels for boots
& shoes. The heel is made of leather adapted by a metal plate well riveted to
the heel, the same having a round hole for a screw or screws to pass through
to an interior plate of a smaller size from the inside of the boot or shoe, not
interfering with rotatory movement part of the heel, giving facility to be
repaired the same as in any ordinary boot or shoe.
And further by this Invention any person can turn the heel round without
using any tool or removing the screw or screws, enabling them to keep the heels
of the boots or shoes always straight, giving great ease in walking, and
great economy in the wear; and by this Invention the heel can be removed
and a new one adapted to it by removing a screw or screws in the space of
two-minutes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING INGOTS OF BESSEMER OR OTHER STEEL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Birch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1867.
I, JOHN BIRCH, of Newton Heath, in the County of Lancaster, Steel
Converter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING INGOTS OF BESSEMER OR OTHER STEEL," to be as
follows:--
It is usual after casting an ingot of Bessemer steel to place on the surface
thereof an iron or steel plate in order that sand may be applied and "wedged"
down to keep the steel from rising in the moulds.
My Invention is designed for the purpose of dispensing with the iron or
steel plate and providing a means of placing on the sand without the use of
such plate.
The Invention consists in suddenly cooling the upper surface of the molten
steel when in the mould, and so forming a crust on the metal ready to receive
the sand which is "wedged down" as usual. Many substances may be intro-
duced into the molten surface in order to produce this crust, but I prefer to
employ the "scale" from rolling mills or hammers, which is technically called
"hammer slag," such substances as metal borings, turning filings, soda, salt,
or indeed any substance or material solid or liquid which will suddenly cool
the upper surface with safety may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petrie and Reuben Ackroyd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 20th April 1867.
We, JOHN PETRIE, the younger, of Rochdale, in the County of Lan-
caster, Machine Maker, and REUBEN ACKROYD, of Ovenden, near Halifax, in
the County of York, Wool Comber, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention refers to machines in which the wool or other fibrous
material is placed in a trough, and is gradually moved forward by rakes or
other such apparatus, and consists in the use of a trough with partitions
therein, but not extending from one side to the other, thus constituting
series of chambers communicating with each other, and through which the
material is successively passed by rakes or other ordinary apparatus. As a
matter of construction the above-mentioned chambers may be separate troughs
with suitable communications.
A modification of the above-mentioned arrangement consists in forming the
trough spirally or in concentric circles, and in raking the material into
consecutive increasing or decreasing diameters.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS AND SUBMERGED STRUCTURES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1867.
I, ROBERT SMITH, of No. 10, Northampton Terrace, Compton Road, Islington,
in the Borough of Finsbury, Shipowner, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING SHIPS AND
OTHER VESSELS AND SUBMERGED STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
I take one pound of crude brimstone, one quarter of a lb. of steel or iron.
filings, the filings to be in a state of rust; (pound them together with a little.
water, after add one pint of water; mix all together, then add one part of
linseed oil; stir them together until it becomes a thorough mixture fit for use;
arsenic may be added, say three ounces to the above, the same quantity of
filings must be added, if fish oil is used a double portion of filings are
needed to cause it to dry. I can when necessary use rolled sulphur or flour
of sulphur, that I can also use the iron and steel filings rusted or mixed with
rust of iron.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR SMITHS' HEARTHS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Horrocks Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th June 1867.
I, MOSES HORROCKS TAYLOR, of Littleborough, in the County of Lancaster,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR SMITHS' HEARTHS," to be as follows:-
In constructing tuyeres for smiths' hearths I propose to employ a chamber
set in the hearth, and into which the air is passed from the fan or other
blowing apparatus. At one part of this chamber is an aperture through
which the air issues to the fuel, and this aperture is capable of being closed
by a valve mounted upon a spindle which is connected to a hand lever. The
lower part of the chamber is provided with another aperture capable of being
opened or closed by a valve, and allowing when desired the passage of ashes
from the said chamber.
AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO THE VENTILATION OF BUILDINGS AND THE EXTINGUISHING OF FIRE THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Dadd Rogers and Joseph
Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 13th May 1867.
We, MARTIN DADD ROGERS, of East India Road, Poplar, and JOSEPH
WILSON, of Wade Street, Poplar, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE,
PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO THE VENTILATION OF BUILDINGS AND THE
EXTINGUISHING OF FIRE THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a fire escape in the following
manner, that is to say-To the upper windows (by preference) and to the
brickwork at each side thereof, and outside of the building we hinge a bar or
"davit," by its lower end, and to the upper end of each bar or "davit " afore-
said we connect one end of a chain or fireproof rope, the other end whereof is
connected to a counterbalance weight sufficiently heavy to balance a cage or
balcony slung by its ends, or suspended from the upper ends of the aforesaid
bars or davits. We propose to pass a tube or tubes through the several floors
of a house or other building, and allow the counterbalance weights, before
mentioned, to pass freely up and down the said tubes, so that supposing the
fire-escape to be in ue and persons to have entered the cage or balcony they
can lower themselves down by means of a chain or other suitable contrivance,
and when they get out the cage or balcony will be lifted up by the counter-
balance weights before mentioned, thus rendering the fire-escape self-acting.
The tubes containing the counterbalance weights we propose to connect by
their lower ends with a water main fitted with cocks for establishing a com

page_text: munication with the main when it is required to use the aforesaid tubes for
extinguishing fire in a house or other building, and we perforate the said
tubes for the escape of water into the rooms of a house, the said perforations
being made near the ceiling, by preference; by these means a large body of
water may be discharged inside a house. The aforesaid tubes when not
charged with water serve to carry off the vitiated air from rooms, the air
entering the tubes by the perforations therein and passing off through the
upper ends thereof into the open air. By these means the rooms of a house
may be perfectly ventilated, and a fire escape be rendered available for three
purposes, namely, as an escape, a fire extinguisher, and a ventilator.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BENDING AND CIRCLING METALLIC PLATES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fleming at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1867.
I, JOHN FLEMING, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BENDING AND CIRCLING METALLIC PLATES, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to special improvements in that class of
mechanism known as bending and straightening rolls, has for its principal
object the enabling of plates of metal being bent or curved sufficiently so
that their edges may meet, forming thereby a complete circle, thus causing
a tube to be formed by bending or curving a plate or plates to the requisite
extent, and also rendering it possible to withdraw the tube or circle when so
formed without the necessity (as at present practised) of taking out the roller
on which the tube is bent. The rollers themselves are held in bearings in
two end or gable standards, but all the gearing for actuating them is at one
end of the machine, in which a bearing is formed to carry one end of the
shaft, on which the driving or belt pullies by which the mechanism is actuated
are carried. The same shaft carries the driving pinion that gears into the
main spur wheel; this wheel has a pinion concentric with and attached firmly
to it, and the two revolve upon a stud secured into the framework or gable.
The pinion last referred to gears into two similar pinions on the ends of the
two lower rollers, and they are thereby both caused to revolve in the same

page_text: direction. The top roller is fixed in an ordinary bearing at one end, but at
the opposite end there is only a half or semicircular bearing on the top side,
this being carried in a cross head which slides up and down in a large opening
in the gable, a screw being applied for raising and lowering it. A metallic
strap semicircular in form is attached by dovetail or other joints to the under
side of the cross head, its purpose being to support the end of the top roller.
When a plate is or has been bent into the tubular form, such as the section of
a ship's mast or yard, for instance, and is ready to be taken off or withdrawn,
it is only necessary to detach the strap, lift the cross head and bearing, which
being done the tube is free to be drawn out through the opening in the gable.
If desired a hole may be formed in the end of the top roller, into which a bar
or lever may be placed to enable a workman to slightly elevate the end of the
roll whilst the tube is commenced to be withdrawn.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEY TOP OR CAP
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Capper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1867.
I, JASPER CAPPER, of Waterloo, near Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEY TOP OR CAP," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to protect the flues of chimnies at their upper
terminations from wind and rain, and to induce an upward current in the
said flues at all times. For this purpose I construct a chimney top in such a
manner that the smoke or air from the flue has first to ascend and then to
descend in the said chimney top before it can escape into the atmosphere.
The part of a chimney pot constructed according to my Invention, which
serves as a continuation of the flue and is attached to the chimney, is made of
a cylindrical or other shape. Over and downwards around that part a cap
open only at its lower end is placed. The said cap is supported by brackets
or otherwise, and being larger in horizontal section than the part to be
attached to the chimney an annular or other space is formed between the

page_text: two; it is through such space the smoke or air must escape downwards into
the atmosphere. A door can be made in the top of the cap to facilitate
sweeping or cleaning.
The said cap can be applied, it will be obvious, to chimney tops and the
tons of chimnies of any ordinary construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPORTING WINDOW SASHES, SHUTTERS, DOORS, AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Syme at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
1867.
I, JAMES SYME, of 121, Fore Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPORTING
WINDOW SASHES, SHUTTERS, DOORS, AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES," to be as
follows:-
Window sashes which are capable of being raised or lowered as ordinarily
constructed are usually supported by means of lines or ropes passing over
pullies, and having counterbalance weights attached to them, which arrange-
ment is found to be very inconvenient on account of the lines or ropes
continually breaking.
My improvements consist in remedying such evil by supporting such window
sashes by means of elastic rollers formed of india-rubber, gutta percha, or com-
pounds thereof or other similar elastic substance, affixed to the sash and work-
ing against the frame in which the sash slides. The rollers are supported with
capability of revolving in bearings affixed to the edge of the sash and should
be of such a diameter that when the sash is in position they may be slightly
compressed by the frame in which the sash slides and by means of the friction
obtained by such compression hold the sash securely in any position required.

page_text: In some cases the rollers may be affixed to the frame in which the sash
slides instead of to the edge of such sash.
My improvements are also applicable to supporting shutters, doors, and
other similar structures capable of being raised or lowered at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING AT SEA, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Michael Almond at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th July 1867.
I, THOMAS MICHAEL ALMOND, of Scarborough, in the County of York,
Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING AT SEA, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
FOR SUCH PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This ..vention affords a ready means of conveying certain signals from one
vessel to another by night, and is designed for the purpose of preventing or
diminishing the chance of collisions at sea.
It is well known that vessels when at sea by night carry a red light on the
port" side, and a green light on the "starboard" side, and thus when
either of these lights are sighted from another vessel coming in the opposite
direction the captain or other person in charge of the latter can tell which
side of the former vessel is towards him, yet he cannot tell within several
points of the compass in which direction the vessel is steering, and although
there are certain rules that under particular circumstances the helm is to be
put to "port" or to "starboard," yet he cannot be certain whether or not
this rule has been followed by the vessel which he is meeting, or whether
she is still holding on her original course, and hence collisions are not
unfrequent.
I propose to furnish each vessel with two signal lanterns placed in a vertical
line, one about three feet (more or less) above the other on a small spar
supported in a socket or bracket at any convenient place in a conspicuous

page_text: part of the vessel. These lanterns are to be provided with shutters, and with
red and green glasses, and are kept darkened by means of the shutters when
not required for signalling. As soon as a vessel is sighted the signal man or
boy uncovers the lanterns and shows two white lights (one above the other)
to signal to the vessel that she has been seen, turning the spar slightly in the
socket (if necessary) so as to direct the light towards the ship. So long as
the vessel holds on her original course the white lights are shown, but the
instant that the captain or other person in charge gives the word "port" or "star-
board" to the helmsman the signalman shows two red or two green lights to
indicate to the other vessel the change of course adopted. By the use of this
method of signalling all danger of collision through misapprehension of the
movements of the other vessel will be removed, and the chances of a collision
very greatly diminished, if not entirely prevented.
I may here remark that although the Invention is described as to be used
at sea, yet it will be obvious that it is equally applicable in channels, rivers,
and other navigable places, and that other colored lights besides green & red'
might be used if preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-CLOSING TAPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fryer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1867.
I, WILLIAM FRYER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-CLOSING TAPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in arranging in the manner herein-after described
the parts of self-closing taps whereby great efficiency in action and simplicity
in construction are secured.
In making a self-closing tap according to my Invention I take any kind of
tap which can be opened and closed by the motion of its axis through about a
quarter of a rotation, and I fix the said tap in a box or chamber made by
preference of cast iron, the ingress and egress pipes passing through the sides
of the said box to the tap. To the axis of the tap I attach an arm or lever
and connect to the end of the said arm or lever one end of a spring of
vulcanized india-rubber or a coiled steel spring, the other end of the spring
being connected to the side of the box or chamber. The said spring tends to
keep the tap in its closed position. To the end of the arm or lever a rod,
chain, or cord is attached, the said rod, chain, or cord being in a line with the
spring described but on the opposite side of the arm or lever. The free end

page_text: of the said rod, chain, or cord passes through the side of the box or chamber
and terminates in a knob or handle. In using the tap the knob or handle is
pulled when the axis of the tap is opened and water or liquid allowed to flow.
On Joosing the knob or handle the spring pulls back the arm or lever and closes
the tap. The flow of water or liquid only continues during the time the
handle is pulled and the waste of water or liquid which occurs from neglect to
close the taps of the ordinary kind is prevented. Instead of putting a rod,
chain, or cord on the side of the arm or lever opposite to that to which the
spring is attached a rod may be attached to the arm or lever on the same side
as the spring. In this case the tap is opened by pushing the rod instead of
pulling it. Although I prefer to use an india-rubber or a coiled steel spring
yet I do not limit myself thereto as other kinds of springs may be used with
the same effect.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED BENCH AND DESK
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Reginald Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
February 1867.
I, THOMAS REGINALD JONES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Saw
Mill Proprietor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMBINED BENCH AND DESK," to be as follows:-
My improved combined bench and desk, which is intended for use in school
rooms and other places, can be made in either the single or double form, that
is with one bench and one single desk, or with two benches and a double desk.
The distinguishing feature of the Invention is that both the said bench and
desk can be folded down at pleasure, and thereby be made to provide, when a
number are placed in lines parallel to each other, (1) a large amount of
sitting room, enabling all the sitters to look in one direction; (2) a comfortable
rest for the back, and (3) a kneeling or foot board. Two or more frame
pieces, each cast or otherwise made in one piece and connected by longitudinal
tie rods, are employed to support and combine the said bench and desk with
the single desk; these frame pieces resemble the letter L, and with the
double desk the letter T inverted. The parts of the frame pieces which
support the said desk, or on which it rests, are formed with notched or tooth-
like surfaces, into which pawls jointed to the desk fall. The desk is provided
with a binge or hinges at its upper part, and as the pawls are placed in
higher or lower notches so is the said desk maintained at a less or greater
angle. Instead of the pawls being connected to the desk they may be jointed

page_text: to the frame pieces, and the notched surfaces be attached to or formed on the
desk. The parts of the frame pieces which support the bench or benches
are coupled by a hinge-like joint to other supporting pieces secured to the
under side of the bench or benches; the latter supporting pieces are formed
with elongated curved openings therein, through which the hinge pins pass.
When the supporting pieces are in a vertical position their surfaces meet and
maintain their bench in a horizontal position, but when it is necessary to
provide a kneeling or foot board this can easily be effected at any time by
slightly raising the bench and folding it over.