NEW INVENTED CONSERVATIVE LOCK FOR CONTINUING INLAND AND CANAL: NAVIGATION, WITH A GIVEN QUANTITY OF WATER, THAT IS, FOR PRESERVING THE WHOLE QUANTITY OF WATER WHICH AT PRESENT IS EXPENDED IN THE PASSAGE OR PASSING OF ALL BOATS, VESSELS, OR CRAFT THROUGH THE LOCKS ESTABLISHED IN ANY LINE OF INLAND OR CANALIGATION, AND POR RAISING GREAT BODIES OR QUANTITIES OF WATER TO ANY ASSIGNED ALTITUDE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF SUPPLYING EXTENSIVE LEVELS IN CANALS, AND FOR FILLING RESERVOIRS 07 GREAT CAPACITY CONSTRUCTED UPON SUPER HIGHER LEVELS, BY WHICH TEE GRAVITATING POWER FORCE OF DESCENDING COLUMNS OR SHEETS OF WATER CAN AT ANY GIVEN ALTITUDE. BE OBTAINED AND CONTINUED FOR THE USE OF WATER- WORKS, MILL-WORKS, MANUFACTORIES, OR SYSTEMS OF MACHINERY OF ANY DESCRIP TION WANTING THE POWER OR GRAVITATING FORCE OF WA
Year: 1803

page_text: LOGAN'S
SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MICHAEL
LOGAN, of Paradise Street, in the Parish of Saint Mary, Rotherhithe, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do send greeting.
.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Sixth day of August, in the forty-third year of His reign, did give
and grant unto me, the said Michael Logan, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, His especial licence, that I, the said Michael Logan, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,, within England, Wales, and
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my "NEW INVENTED CONSERVATIVE LOCK FOR CONTINUING
INLAND AND CANAL: NAVIGATION, WITH A GIVEN QUANTITY OF WATER, THAT IS,
FOR PRESERVING THE WHOLE QUANTITY OF WATER WHICH AT PRESENT IS EXPENDED
IN THE PASSAGE OR PASSING OF ALL BOATS, VESSELS, OR CRAFT THROUGH THE LOCKS
ESTABLISHED IN ANY LINE OF INLAND OR CANAL NAVIGATION, AND POR RAISING
GREAT BODIES OR QUANTITIES OF WATER TO ANY ASSIGNED ALTITUDE, FOR THE
PURPOSE OF SUPPLYING EXTENSIVE LEVELS IN CANALS, AND FOR FILLING RESERVOIRS
07 GREAT CAPACITY CONSTRUCTED UPON SUPERIOR OR HIGHER LEVELS, BY WHICH
TEE GRAVITATING POWER OR FORCE OF DESCENDING COLUMNS OR SHEETS OF WATER
CAN AT ANY GIVEN ALTITUDE. BE OBTAINED AND CONTINUED FOR THE USE OF WATER-
WORKS, MILL-WORKS, MANUFACTORIES, OR SYSTEMS OF MACHINERY OF ANY DESCRIP
TION WANTING THE POWER OR GRAVITATING FORCE OF WATER FOR THEIR MOTION
OR OPERATIONS;" in which Letters Patent there is contained a proviso,
obliging me, the said Michael Logan, under my hand and seal, to cause a par-
ticular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within one calendar month next and immediately after the date of

page_text: the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being there-
unto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Michael Logan, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the powers of the conservative lock are to be produced,
and the effects thereof are to be performed, is particularly described and ascer-
tained by the following principles and plan of operation, that is to say :-
The principles on which the construction of this lock is formed are these:
First, that a light body will put a heavy body, laid upon an horizontal plane, in
motion when connected by a line over a pully, the velocity of which is in pro-
portion to the absolute weight of the one and the relative weight of the other.
Second, an accelerated or continually increasing resistance, however great, is
equipoised by an equally accelerated or continually increasing power, which
principle is here to be understood as hydrostatical, and applied to the motion
of fluids. Third, when any two fluid bodies, by an uniformly accelerated
motion, produce an equilibrium or equilibration, any assigned force superior to
their inertia applied to one or to the other will alternately make them cause or
effect, or power or resistance.
Having thus precisely stated the universal principles whereon the con-
struction and operations of the conservative lock depend, the plan or disposition
of the principal established parts thereof may be taken in any position with
respect to the lock itself, which must be according to its situation, con-
sequently I do not here confine myself to any particular delineation of those
parts, as the positions of their establishment depend upon local circumstances,
whereof and by which the engineer employed in construction must judge and
determine. In the plan and sections herewith, rendered as an exemplification,
and conformable to the above principles, the established parts of the conser-
vative lock will be found to consist in the system herein described; that is,
in the first place must be built a grand recess or reservoir, equal in capacity
to contain the whole quantity of water wanted for the lock; this recess is here
constructed parallel to the line or course of the canal, and under the bed of
the upper level; the floor of the recess, where the canal does not exceed five
feet depth of water, may be laid in the same plane with that of the lower level,
allowing for strength in construction of the covering, whereby the water of the
upper level is supported. Under the platform of the upper gates is constructed
the subterraneous passage of communication between the lock and the recess,
through which passage the flux and reflux of the whole body of water wanted
for the use of the navigation at each lock are alternately continued, and pre-
served in the operations of the locks. Parallel to each side of the lock are

page_text: constructed the galleries, the floors of which may also be laid in the plane of
the lower level when their dimensions or the extent and position of the ground
on cach side of the canal will admit it. These galleries contain jointly the
whole quantity of water, which are here, by construction, the actual and effective
power in the operations of the conservative lock. At the extremity of cach
gallery is sunk and established the shaft or pit, which receives and delivers
alternately the whole quantity of water from and to the gallery upon the flux
and reflux of the lock, or in the ascending or descending of any vessel in her
passage through it.
Reference to the plan of construction.-A, B, C, D, the conservative
lock, 70 feet in length, 18 feet wide, 14 feet deep, and will contain 17,640
cubic feet, or 490 tons of water, at 36 feet per ton; E, the lower gates;
F, the upper gates; G, H, I, K, the buttments of the lock, supporting
the sill and platform of the upper gates, the sides of which (represented by the
dotted linos) form the channel of communication with the reservoir or grand
recess of the lock; L, M, N, O, the reservoir or grand recess which receives
the water upon the reflux of the lock. This recess may be built either of
wood, brick, stone, or cast iron. P, Q, the great gate of the recess, placed
upon horizontal and pependicular rollers. The area of this water gate must be
equal to the entire section of the recess from one end to the other. In front of
the gate are fixed the parallel rollers, which move upon the lower and upper
planes of the recess, equal in length to the width of the recess. R, S, the
right gallery, built parallel to the lock walls; T, U, the left. gallery, built also
parallel to the lock walls. These galleries may be built in any convenient form
or figure, either of wood, brick, stone, or cast iron. V, W, X, Y, the great
tracing chains, which pass over the chain wheels V, X; V, X, the chain
wheels, placed half over the heads of the shafts or pits; a, a, the capstan and
lever by which the back chain returns the great water gate in the recess;
b, c, c, the back chain brought round the pullies upon the outside of the recess.
Note: where the upper level exceeds the height of 7 feet water above the lower
level the floor of the recess must become an inclined plane towards the lock.
Reference to the sections.-Note: the letters in the sections which are the
same with those in the plan are correspondent to the same parts. d, e, f, g,
the section of the shaft or pit which receives the water from the gallery. This
shaft or pit must be built either of wood or cast iron, and equal in depth to the
length of the recess. h, the plunger, fitted to the size of the shaft water-tight;
i, a large pulley, fixed into the breast-work of the lock, under which the great
chains pass to the chain wheel. Note: the air vents are not here shewn in the
sections. The air vents are pipes or tubes rising from the bottoms of the shafts

page_text: to the surface of the earth, in order to prevent a vacuum being formed under
the plungers, and also at the back of the water gate in the recess. k, k,' the
rollers upon which the great water gate in the recess is moved from one end to
the other; these rollers run in cast-iron grooves constructed in the floor of the
recess, by which the gate moves free from friction:
The operative principles applied in construction of the conservative lock.-
First, that the weight of the plungers suspended over the chain wheels be in
equilibrio with the relative weight and friction of the great gate in the recess with
the lock water at its lowest level. Second, the absolute gravity or weight of the
two columns of descending water from the galleries is in every point, ascending
or descending, directly as the lateral pressure of the lock water at any assigned
altitude upon the plane of the recess gate. Third, the lateral pressure of the
lock water upon the plane of the recess gate is directly as the depth of its center
of gravity-or-center of pressure from the surface multiplied into the area of the
gate itself, consequently the powers and effect of the conservative lock are by
its principles infinite, and therefore in practice its dimensions for construction
can be taken at pleasure. By the same principles and plan of operation I do
hereby intend to raise large quantaties of water to such altitudes as shall render
their descent from the reservoirs subservient to the motion of mills and
manufactories.
In witness' whereof, I, the said Michael Logan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord
MICHAEL LOGAN. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of September, in the
forty-third year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Third, the said
Michael Logan came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument aforesaid
was stamped according to the tenor of the several Statutes made in the sixth
year of the reign of the late King and Queen William and Mary of England,
and so forth, and in the seventeenth, twenty-third, and thirty-seventh years of
the reign of His Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and three.