matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elias Boyd Neel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th October 1879. A communication
from abroad by Edward Rhoades, of the State of Illinois, United States of
America.
ELIAS BOYD NEEL, of 91, Watling Street, in the City of London, and County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS." A communication from abroad by
Edward Rhoades, of the State of Illinois, United States of America.
The improvements relate to churns intended to be worked without dash or
paddle, and they consist of a cylindrical or barrel shaped vessel mounted on
trunnions in a convenient stand, said vessel having a movable lid or cover fitted
into an open ring head, and secured upon the open ring by means of perforated ears
or lugs located on the open ring, in combination with simultaneously operating
bolts on the lid or cover, which are passed into said ears and the lid. The
improvements can be performed by making the barrel and cover of wood, the ears
and bolts of metal, said bolts being operated by any convenient handle or key.
One of the trunnions of the barrel may have a crank lever and handle for turning
the barrel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SOLES AND HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Walter Simmons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1879.
GEORGE WALTER SIMMONS, of 7, Tichborne Court, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SOLES AND HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the method of forming or arranging
the surfaces of the soles and heels of boots and shoes, so as to obtain more uniform
wear.
For this purpose in place of forming the surface of the sole of a boot or shoe
uniform from the heel to the toe, as heretofore practiced, I remove or dispense with
that portion of the outer surface which comes below or under the smaller toes of
the foot, so that in the act of walking all the pressure is brought to bear upon the
surface of the sole below the large or inner toes. By this arrangement the form of
the upper is preserved, and the creasing in a great measure prevented.
In forming the wearing surface of the heel of a boot or shoe according to my
improvements I remove or dispense with a large portion of the inner surface of
the heel, all the wearing and supporting surface being left on the outer side and
back surface of each heel. The amount of wearing surface must be such as to
support the foot in a level position without sinking or falling inwards on to the
lower surface, from which the wearing surface is removed or omitted.
By this means the wear upon the heels of boots and shoes will be uniform, and
the boot or shoe will maintain its proper form and level, and the wearing down on
one side only will be in a great measure prevented, thus affording great ease and
comfort to the wearer. The tendency for the boot or shoe to turn over outwards
at the ankle is also prevented.
The wearing surface of my improved form of heel may be made of leather, metal,
or other suitable material.
AN IMPROVED WATER VELOCIPEDE, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR PROPUL SION ON LAND
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bramall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1879.
JOHN BRAMALL, of the Town and County of Southampton, Engineer and
Machinist. "AN IMPROVED WATER VELOCIPEDE, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR PROPUL
SION ON LAND."
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved water velocipede, or
velocipede canoe or boat, such improved velocipede being equally applicable for
propulsion on land, and the improvements consist in the combined action of inde-
pendent side propelling wheels and a rudder or steering wheel, which will allow the
boat to be propelled and steered either on land or water.
In carrying out my improvements I employ a body or boat having side wheels,
the spokes of which are made sufficiently wide to form paddles to be propelled in
the water, and are hooped with angle iron, T iron, or channel iron. The said wheels
are sufficiently large to reach about five or six inches below the outside bottom of
the body or boat portion of the velocipede. The rudder consists of a plain wheel,
or a wheel to be attached, and which will allow of steering either on land or
water.
The paddle wheels can be propelled by a crank-axle and levers for hand or foot,
or both
The said axles have suitable bearings in the middle of the boat to allow of
independent motion, or they can be driven by friction clutch, reversing levers, cog
wheels, or chain wheels, or belt driving direct on the hub of the paddle wheels, or
on the shaft of the wheels, one half of which can be formed hollow so as to form a
sleeve and to allow of independent motion.
The steering wheel is guided or operated by means of cords attached to a lever
operated by the feet or otherwise.
İMPROVEMENTS IN SAIL HANKS AND OTHER FASTENERS, AND IN THE MODE OF FASTENING SAILS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Vivian Coombe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1879.
VIVIAN COOMBE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "İMPROVEMENTS IN
SAIL HANKS AND OTHER FASTENERS, AND IN THE MODE OF FASTENING SAILS AND
OTHER ARTICLES."
This Invention has for its object a mode of fastening, and a fastener that will do
without stitching, roving or its equivalent.
I
As a hank it consists of two nearly circular pieces of iron or other material, one
preferably of circular cross section, the other fitting inside it of a cross section
resembling a crescent. Both rings are cut away at one part for a short distance so
as to admit of a rope or other article being passed into their centres and the outer
ring has an indentation at its opposite extremity (to hold the eyelet-hole of the sail
or its equivalents in other fasteners) as hereafter described. As applied to sails
the breaks in both rings are made to coincide, and the eyelet and stay are passed
into the centres, the central ring is then turned round sliding on the other till the
eyelet falls into the indentation through the gap in the inner ring; the inner ring
is now prevented from moving by the eyelet and the fastening is complete.
In hanks for sails, I prefer to make the inner ring with an oval central.space
instead of circular.
This is accomplished by thickening the sides.
This kind of fastening can be applied to other purposes than sail hanks, namely,
as a fastener for garments or safety pins, the metal in such case being pointed at
the breaks in the outside ring so as to enter the garment easier..
The shape is not actually of importance so long as the two rubbing surfaces are
5 circular, and in some forms of fasteners the inner ring may be almost filled up and
become a stud or other projection. It may sometimes be desirable to fasten the
outer ring permanently, and for this purpose an eye or eyes may be fixed on it.
A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD FOR TREATING RESIDUES FROM GAS WORKS, SUCH AS SPENT-OXIDES, SPENT-SAW-DUST, SPENT-LIME, AND ALL OTHER NITROGENOUS, SULPHUROUS, AND OILY, AND GUMMY, AND RESINOUS MATTERS, SUCH AS SHODDY, WASTE LEATHER, MUNGO, OLD RUBBER, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, IN ORDER TO OBTAIN VALUABLE EXTRACTS, SUCH AS SULPHUR, AMMONIA, CYANIDES, AND OLEIC ACIDS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reginald Scaife at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1879.
REGINALD SCAIFE, of 19, Moorgate Street, in the City of London, Gentleman.
"A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD FOR TREATING RESIDUES FROM GAS WORKS, SUCH
AS SPENT-OXIDES, SPENT-SAW-DUST, SPENT-LIME, AND ALL OTHER NITROGENOUS,
SULPHUROUS, AND OILY, AND GUMMY, AND RESINOUS MATTERS, SUCH AS SHODDY,
WASTE LEATHER, MUNGO, OLD RUBBER, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, IN
ORDER TO OBTAIN VALUABLE EXTRACTS, SUCH AS SULPHUR, AMMONIA, CYANIDES,
AND OLEIC ACIDS."
This Invention consists in a new method of treating residues from gas works,
such as spent-oxides, spent-saw-dust, spent-lime, or blue-billy, and all other nitro-
genous, sulphurous, oily, gummy, and resinous substances, such as shoddy, waste-
leather, mungo, old rubber, ozokerite, and other mineral and animal products by
means of solvents, such as bisulphide of carbon, hydrocarbons, essential and other
oils, with the assistance of heat in order to obtain valuable extracts, such as sulphur,
ammonia, cyanides, prussiate of potash, and oleic acids.
For the working of this new process I use a strong cast iron pipe placed in a
furnace called a superheater; the gases are pumped by means of a force pump
through the superheater into the bottom of the retort, and they then pass through
a perforated plate through the substance under treatment, and carry off through
the top issue pipe the sulphur and other substances therein contained, into a
chamber kept heated by means of a steam pipe; what is not condensed in the
chamber passes off through the pipe into a condenser, the end of which plunges
into an earthen vessel containing sulphuric acid in order to fix the nitrogenous
substances.
The retort is filled by a manhole placed at the top, and the residue is emptied
after finishing the operation through the manhole at the bottom of the retort.
A syphon-pipe is placed at the top of the retort to permit the introduction of
alkali if prussiate of potash is desired to be obtained, in which case the cinders of
the operation are lixiviated down from top to bottom, through a pipe into a
receiver to crystallise the cyanides of iron, and potash, or prussiate of potash.
The sulphur, oil, oleic acid, and ammonia, if any is obtained in the condensing
apparatus.
A LIQUID COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING THE SWEATING OR STEAMING OF GLASS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Cornelius Kerby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1879.
CORNELIUS KERBY, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey. "A LIQUID
COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING THE SWEATING OR STEAMING OF GLASS."
My Invention relates to a liquid composition for preventing what is known as
the sweating or steaming of glass, and is especially applicable to the window panes
of railway and other carriages, and to the lenses of signal lamps, lighthouses, and
other structures, and in general wherever glass is employed and is liable to be
affected as above mentioned.
This liquid composition is composed of methylated spirit at about 63 per cent.
overproof, glycerine, and any of the essential oils, and in some cases amber dissolved
in spirit, according to the state of the atmosphere. The proportions which I have
found to answer well in practice are the following, videlicet:-About 8 ounces
of glycerine to about one gallon of spirit, the quantity of the essential oil depending
upon the nature of the same, but it will be understood that these proportions may
be varied.
Instead of methylated spirit, spirit of wine may be employed, but I prefer methy-
lated spirit as being cheaper.
In combining the above named ingredients I first destroy the essential oil by
mixing it with the methylated spirit, or with the spirit of wine, and I then incor-
porate the liquid with the glycerine. The combination is effected at the ordinary
temperature, the employment of heat being unnecessary.
This liquid composition is applied to the internal surface of the pane of glass or
the lens either by rubbing it on with felt or with cotton waste or by spreading it
thereon with a camel's hair brush or with other suitable appliances; thus the dull
and dimmed appearance of glass usually produced by condensation, known as
steaming or sweating, is avoided.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR SUPPORTING HORSES' NOSE-BAGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1879. A communi-
cation from abroad by Edwin Forbes, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings,
State of New York, United States of America.
[A
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lanc, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVED MEANS FOR SUPPORTING HORSES' NOSE-BAGS."
communication from abroad by Edwin Forbes, of Brooklyn, in the County of
Kings, State of New York, United States of America.]
The object of this Invention is to provide means for supporting nose or feed bags
in a convenient position for horses to eat from without interfering with the natural
movements of the horse's head. Such bags are used while the harness, with the
exception of the bridle, is upon the horse, and the Invention consists in a spring
arm adapted for connection upon the hames, with its outer end extending over the
horse's head, and from which outer end the feed bag is suspended,
According to this Invention the feed bag is provided with flexible handles,
whereby it is suspended from an eye on the outer end of the arm or rod that is
attached by eyes to the upper part of the hames. The arm is preferably a light
rod of spring metal, sufficiently rigid to support the weight of the bag and its
contents, and with elasticity enough to allow of its bending without setting by any
downward pressure caused by the horse. The end of an arm at the hames is bent
at nearly a right angle to form a tongue that enters loosely in the eyes that are
attached permanently to the hames. There are two eyes to prevent the arm from
turning, and the arm is bent at such at angle as will cause its outer end to stand a
short distance above the horse's head, and thereby give room for movement of the
head. The arm will be turned in the eyes to bring its outer end at the centro, and
the handles of the bag will, by preference, be attached by a knot to prevent them
slipping and overturning the bag, and they can be readily lengthened or shortened
to adjust the bag. The arm can be readily connected to or disconnected from the
hames, and remain attached upon the feed bag for use when required. The horse
is free to move his head naturally up and down without disturbing the bag and
spilling the feed, and the arm and bag will accommodate themselves to side move-
inent. When the bag is hung from the head as heretofore usual, the horse's nose is.
D.

page_text: forced into the feed, or else he cannot reach the feed, and in either case the horse is
irritated and throws the bag around, while if he can cat conveniently, as allowed
by this Invention, the horse will stand quietly.
The rod may be formed with a projection at each side, where it enters the eyes
on the hames to prevent side movement except by the spring of the rod, or the
hames may be fitted with pins for the same purpose.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN DRESS SUSPENDERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rodney McDonald at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1879.
GEORGE RODNEY MCDONALD, of Bartholomew Close, in the City of London. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN DRESS SUSPENDERS."
The dress suspender proper, or that part which holds the fold or part of the dress,
consists of two links or sides which are jointed together below, and at their upper
ends by preference are splayed out; the dress fold is held in the space formed
between these two sides. The suspending cord passes through an eye or ring at the
upper end of each side, and the bottom part of the cord between these two is held
or nipped by a turned up projection on a sliding appliance, such as now used for
holding one end of the scarf or necktie. This appliance also nips the two ascending
sides of the cord. On releasing the grip of this appliance on the two sides of the
cord and pulling it up the bottom part of the cord loops up and is pulled up with
it. I thus obtain the advantage that the two sides of the dress suspender proper
open and release the dress fold when the sliding appliance is pulled up without
having to open it specially by hand. The dress fold is fastened in between the two
sides of the dress suspender by pushing the sliding appliance down against it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORATIVE PAINTING, AND IN PRODUCING IMITATIONS OF MOTHER OF PEARL AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL EFFECTS OR DESIGNS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Félix Charles Canier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1879.
FÉLIX CHARLES CANIER, of Stephen Street, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORATIVE PAINTING, AND IN PRODUCING IMITATIONS OF
MOTHER OF PEARL AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL EFFECTS OR DESIGNS."
My Invention relates to a process of decorating wood, stone, plaster, metal, and
other surfaces in imitation of all kinds of wood, marble, stone, agate, mother of
pearl, watered silk (moiré antique), and other fabrics, also gilding and silvering.
These imitations are produced direct by a transfer process without the aid of a
brush, and in one fourth the time required by the ordinary methods. It dispenses
to a considerable extent with the use of ladders, &c., and avoids the disagreeable
smell and other inconveniences of wet paint, the materials employed drying imme-
diately on application.
The process comprises the following operations, viz. :-The preparation of the
paper, and of the materials with which the prepared paper is to be coated with the
color, the transfer process, and the treatment by which a nacreous effect is produced
upon metals. I take unsized paper and apply upon one side of it two coats of
mucilage made of fucus or other mucilaginous vegetable matter, and then dried in
the air, after which it is calendered between two sheets of tin plate. Upon the
same side is then applied a final coat, consisting of gum arabic dissolved in cold
water, with which is mixed 50 per cent, of a decoction of some emollient matter,
such as mallow root or other mucilaginous vegetable matter, reduced one third by
boiling in order to impart suppleness to the gum and destroy its brittleness. The
paper is then dried a second time, and again calendered, after which it is ready
for use in the transfer process bereafter described.
PAINTING, COATING, AND WATERING.
In order to paint upon this prepared paper the colors should be well ground and
mixed with turps and oil, as in ordinary, but the usual order is inverted, the
finishing coat being applied first and the ground last.
When water colors are employed, which is often necessary for imitating cheaply
certain kinds of woods, the prepared paper should first receive a coat of turps. The
colors may also be applied by stencilling or in other manner.
For producing imitation stained glass for church and other windows, transparent
letters for facias &c. the paner is to be coated with transparent varnish of any
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF DYEING
Year: 1879

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by Herbert John Haddan in the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December. 1879.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PROCESS OF DYEING." A communication from abroad by Otto Pastor, of
Crefeld, in the German Empire.
Instead of the usual process of dipping various fabrics, such as silk, cotton,
woollen stuff's, yarns, velvet, &c., into a colouring liquid, or successively into solu-
tions of various substances which act upon each other in such a manner as to
produce the desired colouring of the stuffs, I apply the colouring substance as a
powder or dust upon the fabrics to be coloured. The dyes and other substances
producing the desired colour by their action upon each other may be reduced to
powder and applied to the fabric either in a dry or dissolved state. If it is, for
instance, required to dye white velvet with aniline blue I proceed in the following
manner-Aniline blue is dissolved in spirit, and this alcoholic solution applied in
the shape of spray upon the velvet, into which the dye enters by the adhesion of
the spirit, so as to colour the velvet at once and to dry up. If the blue dye is
blown upon the fabric in a dry state the fabric is subsequently drawn over steam,
which by its moisture dissolves the dye. For the latter method the dye must of
course be one that is soluble in water. The mode of pulverization is not claimed,
and it may be effected in any suitable way, and with the aid of suitable apparatus.
The fabrics to be coloured may also be prepared for the colouring process by dipping
them into solutions, or in any convenient inanner, after which they are subjected to
the real colouring process with solid substances or solutions reduced to a state of
dust. The new method may not only be applied for dyeing or plain colouring, or
for revivifying fabrics which have already been coloured, but also for producing
patterns in various colours, in which case stencil plates are laid upon the fabrics to
be treated, and the colouring substance is blown or otherwise applied through the
blanks of the plate. The same method may also be applied for colouring faulty
places of already coloured fabrics, with or without the use of stencil plates.
CLAIM. The process of dyeing, by the application of dry or dissolved colouring
substances in a powdered state, for colouring, revivifying, or ornamenting fabrics,
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of December, A.D. 1879.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SETTING BREAD FOR BAKING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Redfern at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1879. A communi-
cation from abroad by Richard Adam, of Richmond, Virginia, United States
of America.
GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, 4, South Street,
Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SETTING BREAD FOR BAKING." [A communication
from abroad by Richard Adam, of Richmond, Virginia, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to a new or improved method of and apparatus for
preparing bread for baking, and consists in setting a series of loaves of bread
together, bottom up in a box, allowing them to rise therein, placing the peel
thereon, and inverting the box and peel together, and then removing the box,
leaving the bread upon the peel ready for introduction into the oven.
It consists also in a box made for the purpose with its bottom lined with cloth
in combination with a peel.
The size of the box may vary, suitable dimensions being twenty-three inches and
a quarter in length, ten inches and three-quarters in width, and three inches in
depth. Boxes of that size will accommodate and retain in form twelve
loaves, or ten "high round" loaves.
"
brick"
The boxes are intended to receive the dough of a series of loaves after each has
been weighed, half-moulded, has the required proof, and has been re-moulded, and
thus given its last form before being introduced into the oven. This last operation
takes place when the dough has been raised nearly even with the top of the box.
The boxes are made of light wood, preferably poplar, as it has no objectionable
odour, and rectangular in form. Before joining the bottom to the sides a piece of
cloth or canvas is stretched on the bottom, to remain clamped at the edges
between it and the sides after the box is completed. Dough as usually moulded
into loaves does not readily adhere to such substance as cloth, and for this reason
the bottom of the box is thus lined.
To insert the loaves into the oven, peels are used of sufficient size to receive the
whole contents of a box at a time. Each one is provided with a handle of the
required length to suit the kind of oven in use.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Matthews at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February 1879.
JOSEPH MATTHEWS, of 96, Dalyell Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
Warehouseman. «
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES."
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the manufacture of gloves,
and has reference more especially to ladies' gloves, whereby the fingers of such
gloves are made of lace or net and either silk or cotton, and in such manner that
rings and jewellery worn by ladies on their fingers can be seen; the hand portion
of the glove will be made of kid or other leather or material which will tend to
compress the hand.
The glove is manufactured in any suitable material, and the finger portion is
either worked or attached to the hand part of the glove in any suitable or
convenient manner.
And in order that my said Invention may be more readily understood, I have
annexed a Drawing of the same whereby the nature and object of the Invention is
clearly shewn, and its utility made manifest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER STAMPING MACHINERY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1879. (A communication from
Wilhelm Loeffelhardt, of Hamburg, Germany.)
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of 74, Belle Alliance Street,
Berlin, Prussia. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER STAMPING MACHINERY." (A commu-
nication from Wilhelm Loeffelhardt, of Hamburg, Germany.)
The object of the present Invention is to economize manual labor by effecting
the stamping of letters, postal cards, book post messages, and papers, etc., and the
cancelling of the postage stamps thereon, wholly by machinery.
The machine I have devised for this purpose consists principally of a table like
frame with a horizontal box for the reception of the stamped letters, etc., and an
inclined box for the delivery of the same to the machine. All letters, etc., are placed
in the delivery box in such a way that if brought forward to the stamping device,
which may consist of a pair of rollers one smooth and the other with date and
other marks engraved or otherwise prepared thereon, or of ordinary dies, the face
or that side which is to be marked will come into contact with the engraved or
otherwise prepared surface of the stamp or roller.
The apparatus for taking hold of the letters, cards, etc., one by one, and for
bringing them forward to the stamping device is placed between the two boxes; it
consists of an oscillating shaft actuated upon by a crank or By wheel or other
appropriate mechanisın, and sliding on guides or in grooves from the delivery box
to the stamping device and back. The shaft carries one or more small brackets
with gripers or fingers, which gripers or fingers are lined with india rubber,
caoutchouc or other suitable material effecting a good gripe. The part of the table
next to the delivery box is also lined with similar material.
The sliding shaft the moment it arrives near the delivery box is made to turn
some degrees round its axle, and will so bring the gripers on' the uppermost letter
or card, etc. On its movement back it will carry the letter over the whole surface
of the table to the stamping device where it is caught either directly by the
stamping rollers, or placed between ordinary stamps. Before the sliding shaft
begins its way back to the delivery box it is made to turn the reverse way. so as
to make the gripers loosen the letter.
The dies or stamping rollers are provided with suitable arrangements for coloring
or inking, which arrangements may be very similar to those of ordinary printing
presses or other stamping machines,

page_text: The letters in the inclined delivery box rest upon a wedge shaped carriage which
by-gradually-sliding down the inclined bottom provides that there are always
letters in-the-proper-place to be taken away by the gripers.
From the stamping apparatus the letters, etc., fall into the reception box.
Arrangements are also provided for the letters to be kept in their proper place,
and to be pushed back automatically whenever they slide from the delivery-box-to
the table.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPLINTS OR SHELLS FOR SURGICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hippolyte Guillery at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1879.
HIPPOLYTE GUILLERY, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Surgeon and
Physician. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPLINTS OR SHELLS FOR SURGICAL PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is to provide more efficient supports for fractured
limbs than the splints at present employed by surgeons.
To this end, supposing supports are required for a broken leg, the surgeon will
trace on opposite sides of a plaster model of the limb, corresponding in size to the
limb of the patient, the forms of splint required to embrace the injured part.
From this plaster model casts in iron of the parts marked out by the surgeon are
to be made, which casts will form matrices for moulding therein shells of zinc.
Into these matrices molten lead is poured, which on cooling will shrink and form
suitable counter dies. By pressing thin zinc plates in these metal moulds by the
aid of hydraulic or other powerful pressure the sheet zinc will take the surface form
of that part of the limb to which they are to be applied, and when the two cases
are braced together, which may be effected by straps, the injured limb will be held
firmly in a rigid support without suffering from undue local pressure.
The splints or cases it is proposed to perforate with holes to diminish their weight
and also to permit of the passage outward of exudations and of the application of
lotions to the confined limb.
It will be obvious that the form of these shells will vary according to the limb
or the part of the limb to which they are to be applied, and their sizes will be de-
termined within certain limits by the stature and bulk of the patient to whom they
are to be applied.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF POTTERY AND OTHER CERAMIC WARE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Norman Percy Miles Tronson, Clifton
Shield, and Alfred Plant at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
13th May 1879.
NORMAN PERCY MILES TRONSON, of Alperton, near Harrow, in the County of
Middlesex, CLIFTON SHIELD, of the Reform Club, Pall Mall, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, and ALFRED PLANT, of Bromley, in the County of Kent. "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF POTTERY AND OTHER CERAMIC WARE."
Our Invention relates to an improved manufacture of pottery and other ceramic
ware, such as porcelain or parian.
According to our Invention we take felspar and ball-clay, and subject each
material to the action of heat, the felspar being heated to a degree little short of
its melting point, while the heat to which the ball clay is subjected must be such
as to effect its partial vitrification, and we prefer that it should be above any
temperature to which the body is subsequently subjected during the process of
manufacture. The ingredients are then crushed, mixed, and ground finely together.
After shaping the body as required by any suitable known process, and then drying
and hardening the shaped articles, they are fired in a glost or other suitable oven.
Where a high state of glaze is desired without the necessity of dipping, as has
hitherto been done, we employ a much greater proportion of felspar than has hitherto
been employed in the manufacture of ceramic ware. By thus previously heating
the ball-clay to the high temperature mentioned, it acts as a support for the body,
thus preventing the moulded article from sinking or loosing its shape in the oven,
while at the same time, owing to the previous treatment to which both ingredients
have been subjected, they will on firing effectually blend or become incorporated
with each other. By the process above described it will be found that a single
firing will be sufficient for the production of certain classes of goods.
Although we have only mentioned above felspar and ball-clay as the ingredients
for the said manufacture, yet other suitable substances having properties similar to
ball clay, such as china clay, may be used either in lieu of or in combination with
this substance, and also other bodies having properties similar to those of felspar,
Prine 027

page_text: such as quartz, may be used in substitution of or in combination with that substance,
and flint, stone, bones, or other substances employed in the ordinary ceramic manu-
facture may be mixed with the body if desired.
It will be understood that in employing such other substances the temperature
to which we subject them previous to mixing will vary according to the substance
employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEEP SHEARS AND OTHER SIMILAR SHEARS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Taylor and Henry Turton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1879.
JOSEPH TAYLOR and HENRY TURTON, both of Sheffield, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEEP SHEARS AND OTHER SIMILAR SHEARS."
Our Invention relates to improvements in sheep shears and other similar shears,
and it consists chiefly in making the blades of the shears separate from the bow and
shanks, and attaching them thereto in such a manner as to adinit of their being
removed with facility for the purpose of grinding or sharpening them, or of replacing
them with a pair already sharpened.
In carrying out our Invention we forge, roll, or fly out the blades of the shears
with a short tang or shank. The bow and shank we prefer to cut or punch out of
sheet steel, and by bending over the steel, or by some equivalent means or attach-
ment, we form a slot at the end of the shanks into which the tang of the blade fits,
and in which it is secured by a screw, spring, catch, or similar means, so that when
it is desired to remove the blades for sharpening purposes it is simply necessary to
press back the catch or unscrew the screw, and the blades may be withdrawn from
the slots.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNDER FRAMES OF RAILWAY WAGGONS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Woollatt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1879.
DANIEL WOOLLATT, of Burton-on-Trent, in the County of Stafford, Coal Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNDER FRAMES OF RAILWAY
WAGGONS."
The object of this Invention is so to construct the under frame of a railway
waggon that in case of damage to the frame or in the event of repairs being
required to the same it will not be necessary to pull the waggon nearly to pieces
in order to reach the damaged parts for the purpose of effecting the necessary
repairs.
To this end instead of constructing the frame work of the waggon by uniting
the various parts by means of tenons and mortices or dovetails, as heretofore, I
employ metal sockets, which are firmly secured to the sole pieces and headstocks of
the underframes, the headstocks being dropped into the sockets on the sole pieces.
Into the sockets placed on the intermediate parts of the sole pieces the middle pieces
are dropped, and on these middle pieces and the headstocks are placed sockets for
the reception of the longitudinal and diagonal pieces. The various pieces are then
firmly bolted to the sockets, and will thus form a framework, which is at once
simple in its construction and easy to pull to pieces in order to get at the interior
parts for the purpose of repairs or alteration. In order to consolidate the whole
framework longitudinal and cross tie rods are employed.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR OBTAINING OLEAGINOUS AND SIMILAR PRO- DUCTS FROM COAL, PEAT, AND OTHER HYDRO-CARBONACEOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pearless at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1879. A communication from
abroad by William Bell, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.
"
JOSEPH PEARLESS, of Copthall Buildings, in the City of London, Financial
Agent. AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR OBTAINING OLEAGINOUS AND SIMILAR PRO-
DUCTS FROM COAL, PEAT, AND OTHER HYDRO-CARBONACEOUS SUBSTANCES." [A
communication from abroad by William Bell, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America.]
This Invention relates to a process for obtaining or separating by lixiviation or
percolation paraffine, paraffine wax, oil, or other oleaginous or similar substances
from cannel coal, peat, shale, and earths containing hydro-carbon matter, the
procedure being varied according to the nature of the hydro-carbonaceous earth or
substance in which the hydro-carbon is contained.
In carrying this Invention into practice I take of coal, peat, shale, or earth finely
powdered and heated to a temperature of 85° to 100° Fahrenheit, one hundred
(100) lbs. I add thereto in a double vat (whose upper or inner receptacle has a false
bottom) sixteen (16) gallons of gasoline or naptha at a temperature of about 85°
Fahrenheit, or of sulphuric ether twelve (12) gallons, and allow the same to remain
in solution about four (4) hours. I then draw the same from the bottom of the said
vat and return it by a tube to the earth or other substance from time to time at
intervals of about one hour, so as to allow the solution to slowly percolate through
until by test there remains no paraffine in the said earth or other substance, then
the solution is passed through into a second and third vat, and then allowed to run
through a worm condenser after adding to the solution the proper precipitants of
paraffine or other product obtained by the above described process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES APPLICABLE FOR STOP VALVES, THROTTLE VALVES, AND EQUILIBRIUM VALVES FOR Regulating thE PASSAGE OF FLUIDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bentley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1879.
CHARLES BENTLEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN VALVES APPLICABLE FOR STOP VALVES, THROTTLE VALVES, AND EQUILIBRIUM
VALVES FOR Regulating thE PASSAGE OF FLUIDS."
This Invention has for its object a valve that can be worked by the governor or
by hand without requiring the usual large expenditure of force incidental to
ordinary throttle valves of steam engines.
It consists in a preferably cylindrical valve open above and below, and attached
to a spindle passing through its central axis. This valve works in a similarly
shaped box or between similarly shaped guides. It has a side opening, and in the
box or guides is another side opening facing it, the steam pipe entrance (or exit).
As the sliding valve slides up or down, the hole in the box or side forming the
steam pipe and the hole in the side of the valve are made to wholly, partially, or
not at all come opposite each other. When full opposite the passage of the steam
is unimpeded; when not at all coinciding the passage is closerl; equal passages from
above and below the valve lead to the exit pipe. The cylindrical valve seat is turned
and the stuffing box and valve cover are also turned true to the turned valve
flange, consequently there is little chance of inaccurate fitting. This valve can be
used as a stop valve, throttle valve, or regulation valvo.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING COTTON, WOOLLEN, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ashton Radcliffe and William
Wright Bradbury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd
December 1879.
JAMES ASHTON RADCLIFFE and WILLIAM WRIGHT BRADBURY, both of Rochdale,
in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING COTTON,
WOOLLEN, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS "
This Invention has for object to deliver the warp from the warp beam at any
required tension, and facilitate the pulling back without the use of levers, studs, and
weights, as now usually employed.
For these purposes through brackets or fixings secured to a convenient part or
parts of the loom frame we pass two screwed books, to which are hooked the
ordinary loom chains as now used, which are wound round the ends of the beam.
At the under sides of the brackets or fixings are two worm wheels having tapped
holes to receive the screwed hooks.
These worm wheels are actuated by worms on a suitable shaft running length-
wise of the loom and tuined as required by hand.
Above one of the brackets or fixings is screwed on the hook a nut having a
milled edge, which is kept screwed up close to the bracket or fixing.
When necessary to unweave and turn the warp beam back the worm shaft is
turned in a direction to move the hooks, so as to relieve the tension on the warp
beam. After the operation of unweaving is accomplished the worm shaft is turned
the reverse way until locked by the nut, when the same tension is restored as
obtained before the operation of unweaving.
By our Invention we effect saving of material, room, and labour, and obtain more
even tension of the yarn, greater regularity in the work produced, and increased
production.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT AND OTHER HATS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Longworth and Joshua Taylor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1879.
JOSEPH LONGWORTH, of Denton, in the County of Lancaster, and JOSHUA
TAYLOR, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT AND OTHER HATS."
This Invention relates, first, to improvements in and apparatus for shaping the
brim of felt and other hats, so as to dispense with the thumbing or hand operation
hitherto in practice, and whereby a more perfect form of brim is obtained than has
hitherto been practicable.
In carrying out this part of our Invention we arrange the setting frame or base,
which we prefer to be of anti-corrosive metal, to be an exact fac-simile of the
finished shape of the brim, and instead of employing an elastic setting ring of such
a thickness as to extend above the curl of the brim we use a thinner elastic ring
capable of insertion below and within the curl, and which is of such a width and
thickness that when the pressure is exercised upon it, as hereinafter described, only
then extends up to the curl and so prevents the forcing or flattening out of the
same, whilst to assist the breaking or forcing down of the felt forming the front and
back of the brim we secure brass or other metallic plates at the front and back of
the elastic ring, which are also shaped to the finished form of the brim at those
parts of the hat. We further arrange the metal setting ring to be an exact counter-
part of the setting frame, and of such a width at the sides as to be capable of
descending down below the curl and between such curl and the body of the hat,
and this we accomplish by arranging the pressure to be exercised at the front and
back of such setting ring instead of at each side, as hitherto.
This improved method of and apparatus for shaping the brim is also applicable
in the manufacture of silk hats, in which case, if the form of that body requires it,
we construct the setting ring in two or more parts, hinged or otherwise secured
together.
Secondly. Our improvements relate to the hat dishes employed in forming the
body portion of felt hats, whereby considerable expense can be saved in manufacturing
various sizes of hats, and consists in so arranging the hat dish that a lining or coating
of, by preference, anti-corrosive metal may be inserted in or upon such hat dish, so
as to give the shape of the various hat bodies required, and thus to obviate
the necessity of having a cast iron dish for each different form of hat body, as
heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wiseman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1879.
WILLIAM WISEMAN, of the Department of Public Works, India, temporarily of
67, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, and City of Westminster, Civil-Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES."
The improvements consist in the use and introduction of sand or other analogous
substance in conjunction with and within an annular chamber in which is revolved
a blade or blades actuated by the axle of the carriage wheel when in motion, said
sand being normally confined and held in a chamber or chambers furnished with
valves and ports for the emission and admission of the sand, said valves being
operated by electricity or mechanically. The whole forming a brake when the
attendant puts the valves into operation by opening the ports situated in the sand
chamber, whereupon the sand passes into the outer cylinder through its ports and
there encounters the revolving blades fixed to the axle of the carriage and where
their motion is arrested by the accumulation of sand impinging on and clogging
said blades.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ELIMINATING PHOSPHOROUS FROM IRON, OTHER METALS, AND THEIR ALLOYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julien Deby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1879.
JULIEN DEBY, presently residing at No. 27, Norfolk Street, Strand, London.
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ELIMINATING PHOSPHOROUS FROM IRON, OTHER
METALS, AND THEIR ALLOYS."
This Invention refers to the elimination, partially or wholly, of phosphorous or its
combinations or compounds from iron, other metals, and their alloys, through the
action upon them while in a molten state of gases which are blown through them
while held in a Bessemer convertor, blast or other furnace, receiver or cupola.
The gases specially referred to comprise such only as have a definite reducing
action on the combinations or compounds of phosphorous in contradistinction to
such other gases as have an oxidizing action similar to atmospheric air applied in
blast.
And this Invention consists in temporarily substituting for the atmospheric blast
now in use, in order to eliminate the phosphorous from the molten metals, a blast
containing carbonic oxide, ammoniacal vapours, or.some other reducing gas manu-
factured specially, or to be obtained from waste products, of a liquid or volatile
nature, such as result from the treatment of ores or metals, or the manufacture of
coal gas or other industries.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR DEVICE FOR USE IN CLEANING TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Sers Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1879.
FREDERICK SERS BROWN, of the Town and County of Southampton.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR DEVICE FOR USE IN CLEANING TOBACCO PIPES."
" AN
My Invention relates to an improved apparatus or device to be employed in
cleaning tobacco pipes by the expansive action of the gases generated by the ignition
of a vesuvian pipe lighter, or other analogous composition in the bowl of the pipe,
the object of my Invention being to provide a means of tightly closing the mouth
of the bowl so as to confine the gases and prevent their escape otherwise than
through the stem of the pipe, the whole expansive force of the gases generated being
thus utilized to expel any deposit that may have accumulated therein.
The apparatus or device consists of a tubular chamber of india-rubber, which fits
in and forms a lining for the bowl of the pipe, and which is itself lined with a metal
tube to stiffen it and protect the india-rubber from the heat, and to form a socket for
the reception of a tightly fitting cork or other stopper by which the mouth or upper
end of the chamber is closed, the other end being open.
A priming ignitible by friction or percussion is applied to the inner end of the
stopper, which may or may not be provided with means for exploding the same after
the stopper is inserted. The Invention is used as follows:-The device is inserted
in the empty bowl of the pipe in which, being elastic, it fits tightly, and the charge
consisting, say, of broken or pounded vesuvian composition, is placed at the bottom
of the bowl, and then ignited by the priming on the stopper after the latter is
inserted. The pressure of the gases tends to expand the elastic chamber and causes
it to fit still more tightly in the bowl, so as to prevent any escape of gases except
through the pipe stem.