IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse, of Brighton,
in the County of Sussex, Surgeon, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 1st April 1856, and dated the 20th November 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Orange Wildman
Whitehouse at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 20th November 1855.
I, EDWARD ORANGE WILDMAN WHITEHOUSE, of Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the apparatus employed in obtaining electric
currents by induction, and which may be termed induction coils.
Hitherto these have been formed by winding a coil of wire around a bar of
soft iron, or bundle of iron wires, and then surrounding this coil by another
of smaller wire, perfectly insulated from the first coil, or by accumulating the
smaller wire towards the ends of the bar or bundle of wires. A current from
a voltaic battery being transmitted through the first coil, an electric current is

page_text: thereby induced in the second coil, the latter being called the secondary or
induced current, and the former the primary current.
My improvements under this head then consist in placing the coil which is
connected with the battery outside the other or secondary coil, whereby the
quantitative energy of the induced or secondary current is very greatly
increased; and I use these improved induction coils either singly, or two or
more in combination.
In cases where the wire of the secondary coil is of considerable size, I wind
simultaneously with this wire a supplemental wire of smaller diameter, so as to
occupy the interstices between the successive turns of the large wire, thus
obtaining an additional amount of electricity from the same primary current.
Induction coils have been generally used for generating electric currents,
by alternately making and breaking the connexion with the voltaic battery
used for exciting them; whereas in the use of my improved coils I obtain the
secondary current by reversing, at convenient intervals, the direction of the
primary current, without breaking connection with the battery, whereby great
additional quantitative effects result.
The secondary current thus obtained I propose to employ not only for
electro-telegraphic purposes, but also for electro-chemical decomposition, and
all other purposes for which an energetic electric current is required.
My Invention relates, secondly, to improvements in the instruments or
relays "used for receiving alternating currents, either from a distant station
or on home circuit, so as to call into play a local battery of any required form
or strength.
One of the improved forms of relay consists of four permanent magnetic
pillars, in the midst of which is an upright bar of soft iron, mounted on pivots,
and surrounded by a coil of fine wire, in which it works loosely. At each end
of this bar is fixed a cross piece of soft iron; these cross pieces stand between
the poles of the permanent magnetic pillars, and are attracted or repelled by
them, according to the direction in which the electric current traverses the
wire; the alternate motion of the bar in either direction being restrained by
insulated banking screws, which are in circuit with the local battery, and are
thus the means of giving the required contact.
In another of my improved forms of relay both the permanent and electro-
maguets are fixed, but pieces of soft iron mounted on pivots are placed near
their poles, and being thus rendered magnetic, are attracted or repelled
according to the direction of the current circulating in the wire.
In another of my forms of relay a piece of soft iron or armature at the end
of a lever is attracted by an electro-magnet, as is the case in the instrumen

page_text: known as the "Morse relay;" but in my relay, contrary to the usage of the
Morse instrument, the attraction is allowed to be kept up by the residual
magnetism, till the charge of polarity consequent upon the arrival of the next
current releases for a moment the armature, which is immediately afterwards
again attracted. The movements of this lever and armature are restrained by
insulated banking screws in circuit with the local battery, and the contact is
given on the release instead of during the attraction, as is the case in the use
of the "Morse relay."
The third part of my Invention consists in combining a dead beat magnetic
needle instrument with a relay fitted to receive alternating currents.
The
relay by calling into play a local battery excites alternately the opposite limbs
of an electro-magnet, and thus produces movements in the needle corresponding
to the current received.
The fourth part of my Invention consists principally in the adoption of a
peculiar releasing or retrograde movement to an ordinary step-by-step action
dial instrument. The axis of the hand or pointer consists of two parts, one of
which revolves uniformly in the same direction as it is impelled by the train
of wheels, and the other part, which is tubular and plays loosely upon this,
carries the hand. These parts, which during the forward progress of the hand
are coupled together by a pair of toothed wheels, in the manner of an ordinary
clutch box, are released when the letter or figure is indicated by the attendant
at the receiving station, pressing in a stud, and so causing an electro-magnet
to draw forward the moveable part from its connection with the other part of
the axis, and at the same instant to turn the moveable part in the reverse
direction, so as to restore the hand to its first position. I also propose to
effect the escape of each tooth by the action of a relay, which, calling into
play a local battery, excites alternately the opposite limb of an electro-magnet,
and produces corresponding movements in a magnetic lever on which the
teeth successively rest, and from which they are allowed to escape in the usual
manner.
The herein-before mentioned dead beat needle instrument and the step-by-
step dial instrument may be worked from the same relay, and, if required, may
be placed in the same case and form a part of the same instrument, the local
battery current being equally available for both, and readily transferred from
one to the other by means of a switch.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 20th May 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
ORANGE WILDMAN WHITEHOUSE, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
Surgeon, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse, Her special licence that
I, the said Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Orange Wildman
Whitehouse, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
• NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the 'letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My' said 'Invention relates, 'firstly, to the apparatus, employed in obtaining
electric currents by induction, and which may be termed induction coils.
Hitherto these have been formed by winding a coil of wire around a bar of
soft iron, or bundle of iron wires, and then surrounding this coil by another of
smaller wire, perfectly insulated from the first coil, or by accumulating the
smaller wire towards the ends of the bar or bundle of wires. A current from
a voltaic battery being transmitted or interrupted through the first coil, an
electric current is thereby momentarily induced in the second coil; the latter

page_text: being called the secondary or induced current, and the former the primary
current.
My improvements under this head then consist in placing the secondary coil
nearest the iron, and the primary coil which is connected with the buttery
outside the other or secondary coil, whereby the quantitative energy of the
induced or secondary current is very greatly increased, and I use these
improved induction coils either singly, or two or more in combination.
In cases where the wire of the secondary coil is of considerable size, I wind
simultaneously with this wire a supplemental wire of smaller diameter, so as to
occupy the interstices between the successive turns of the larger wire, thus
obtaining an additional amount of electricity from the same primary current.
Induction coils have been generally used for generating electric currents by.
alternately making and breaking the connexion with the voltaic battery used
for exciting them; but in the use of my improved coils I obtain the secondary
current by reversing, at convenient intervals, the direction of the primary.
current, whereby great additional quantitative effects result.
The secondary current thus obtained I propose to employ not only for
electro-telegraphic purposes, but also for electro-chemical decomposition, and
all other purposes for which an energetic electric current is required.
My Invention relates, secondly, to improvements in the instruments or
"relays" used for receiving alternating currents, either from a distant station
or on home circuit, so as to call into play a local battery of any required form
or strength.
One of the improved forms of relay consists of four permanent magnetic
pillars, in the midst of which is an upright bar. of soft iron, mounted on pivots;
and surrounded by a coil of fine wire, in which it works loosely. At each end
of this bar is fixed a cross piece of soft iron; these cross pieces stand between
the poles of the permanent magnetic pillars, and their ends are attracted or
repelled, according to the direction in which the electric current traverses the
wire; the alternate motion of the bar in either direction being restrained by
insulated banking screws, which are in circuit with the local battery, and are
thus the means of giving the required contact.
In another of my improved forms of relay both the permanent and electro-
magnets are fixed, but a piece or pieces of soft iron, mounted on pivots, are
placed near their poles, and being thus rendered magnetic, are attracted or
repelled, according to the direction of the current circulating in the wire.
In another of my forms of relay a piece of soft iron or armature at the end.
of a lever is attracted by an electro-magnet, as is the case in the instrument
known as the "Morse relay;" but in my relay, contrary to the usage of the

page_text: Morse instrument, the attraction is allowed to be kept up by the residual mag-
netism, till the change of polarity consequent upon the arrival of the next
current releases for a moment the armature, which is immediately afterwards
again attracted. The movements of this lever and armature are restrained by.
insulated banking screws in circuit with the local battery, and the contact is
given on the release instead of during the attraction, as is the case in the use
of the "Morse relay."
The third part of my Invention consists in the combining a deand beat
magnetic needle instrument with a relay fitted to receive alternating currents.
The relay by calling into play a local battery excites alternately the opposite
limbs of an electro-magnet, and thus produces movements in the needle
corresponding to the currents received.
The fourth part of my Invention consists principally in the adaptation to
ordinary step-by-step action dial instrument of the peculiar releasing or
retrograde movement, hereafter described. The axis of the hand or pointer
consists of two parts, one of which revolves uniformly in the same direction as
it is impelled by the train of wheels, and the other part, which is tubular, and
plays loosely upon this, carries the hand. These parts, which during the
forward progress of the hand are coupled together by a pair of toothed wheels,
in the manner of an ordinary clutch box, are released when the letter or
figure is indicated by the attendant at the receiving station, pressing in a stud,
and so causing an electro magnet to draw forward the moveable part from its
connexion with the other part of the axis, and at the same instant to turn the
moveable part in the reverse direction, so as to restore the hand to its first
position. I also propose to effect the escape of each tooth by the action of a
relay, which, calling into play a local battery, excites alternately the opposite
limbs of an electro-magnet, and produces corresponding movements in a
magnetic lever, on which the teeth successively rest, and from which they are
allowed to escape in the usual manner.
The herein-before mentioned dead beat needle instrument and the step-by-
step dial instrument may be worked from the same relay, and, if required, may
be placed in the same case, and form a part of the same instrument, the local
battery current being equally available for both, and readily transferred from
one to the other by means of a switch.
My improvements in the construction of induction coils consist in placing
the coil of secondary wire in which the current is to be "induced "in as close
proximity as possible to the iron core or bundle of wires which is to produce
the inductive effect (due regard being had to the maintenance of perfec
insulation therefrom), and in placing the primary wire which is to receive the

page_text: current from the battery used to excite the coils outside this coil of secondary.
wire. By this means the quantitative energy of the secondary current is
greatly augmented.
For the purpose of insuring the necessary insulation of the secondary wire
from the iron of the core, I prefer to use either gutta percha, hard india-
rubber, shell lac, or some similar non-conducting material. With this the
core is covered or surrounded previously to the winding of the secondary wire.
I make use also of the like materials to insulate the primary from the secondary
coils of wire, in order that none or as little as possible of the secondary
current generated shall be lost or dissipated by defective insulation. This is.
the more necessary when two or more of the induction coils are used in the
same primary circuit, in which case if care were not used in insulation. the
primary wire would become the channel through which great loss of secondary
current would take place.
.
Another peculiarity in the construction of my improved induction coils is
the introduction of a small supplemental secondary wire or wires, wound
simultaneously with the ordinary wire, and occupying the interstices between
the successive turns thereof, when the latter wire is of sufficient size to admit
of it, this arrangement tending still further to augment the quantitative energy
of the secondary current. A similar arrangement may be adopted in the
laying of the primary wire.
Where very energetic effects are required, or where it is desirable to obtain
as much as possible from a given amount of battery power, I arrange two or
more of these improved coils, either parallel or in the form of a parallelogram
or square in the same primary circuit, from which mode of arrangement I find
a very considerable augmentation of effect. In some cases also I connect the
ends of the iron bars or cores by iron end pieces or corner pieces or "keepers,"
or the bars themselves may be made in such a form as to touch each other
end to end.
My improved mode of using these induction coils consists in making such
arrangements as shall enable me, by means well understood, at convenient
intervals to reverse the direction of the primary current used to excite the coils,
instead of adopting the hitherto invariable practise of merely interrupting the
primary current. By this means the changes of polarity produced in the iron
of the induction coils are more decided, more rapid, and have a wider range,
and the secondary current thereby excited is consequently proportionately.
increased.
A second but less effective mode of attaining the same object (videlicet,
reversing the polarity of the iron of the coils,) is by exciting alternately each

page_text: one of a pair, the arrangement of the primary wire being such that at each
change the onė excited produces by magnetic induction a polarity in the
adjacent one, the opposite of that which it previously had.
The purpose for which I propose to use these induction coils is more
especially the transmission of electro-telegraphic signals. They are available
in operating upon various forms of instruments, and are particularly calculated
for use in subterranean and submarine wires, in which their use relieves the
instrument in great measure of the embarrassment produced by the inductive
or Leyden jar effect, due to the peculiar conditions to which such wires are
subjected..
The successive secondary currents generated in these coils by their use in
the mode described are equal in strength, and alternately of opposite polarities,
thus complying with the conditions necessary to success in the working of
electro-telegraphic instruments in connexion with long subterranean or sub-
marine lengths, as pointed out in the Specification of my Patent, No. 1225,
dated June Second, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, and likewise
explained in a paper on the subject read by me before the British Association
on the Fourteenth of September, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
The secondary current from these coils is available not only for electro-
telegraphic use, but also for ordnance purposes, as well as for subterranean or
submarine blasting, for which purpose it may be made either to ignite a fuse
by its direct action thereon, or intermediately through a "relay," calling into
play a local battery.
The second part of my Invention has reference to several improvements in
the form of the receiving magnet or instrument (commonly known by the
name of "relay"), which is made use of for the purpose of calling into play a
local battery to effect any desired object. One of the improved forms of
"relay" consists of four permanent magnetic pillars, in the midst of which
is an upright bar of soft iron, mounted on pivots, and surrounded by a coil of
fine wire, in which it works loosely; at each end of this bar is fixed a cross
piece of soft iron; these cross pieces stand between the poles of the permanent
magnetic pillars, and their ends are attracted or repelled by them, according to
the direction in which the electric current traverses the wire, the alternate
motion of the bar in either direction being restrained by insulated banking
screws which are in circuit with the local battery; and are thus the means of
giving the required contacts..
In another form of my relay, a small piece of soft iron in the shape of a
lozenge or parallelogram mounted on pivots is placed axially in the magnetic
field between the poles of a permanent horse-shoe magnet, being thus rendered

page_text: strongly magnetic, at the same time that it is light and freely moveable; if
responds readily by attraction and repulsion to the changes of polarity, pro-
duced by the passage of a current through the wire surrounding an electro-
magnet, in the centre of whose magnetic field it stands, and whose poles
embrace it at right angles to those of the permanent horse-shoe magnet;
above mentioned. The movements of this piece of soft iron are regulated
and restrained by insulated banking screws, which, being in connection.with
the local battery, are the means of giving the required contacts.
In another of my forms of relay, a piece of soft iron or armature: at the
end of a lever is attracted by an electro-magnet, as is the case in the instru-
ment known as the "Morse relay;" but in my relay, contrary to the usage
of the Morse instrument, the attraction is allowed to be kept up by the
residual magnetism, till the change of polarity, consequent upon the arrival
of the next alternating current, releases for a moment the armature, which is
immediately afterwards again attracted. The movements of this lever and
armature are restrained by insulated banking screws in circuit with the local
battery, and the contact is given on the release instead of during the attraction;
as is the case in the use of the "Morse relay."
:
In order to give a more perfect and delicate adjustment of these relays
than any form of spring can afford, I make use of a small permanent horse-
shoe niagnet, so mounted as to admit of movement on its own axis by means
of a tangential or ordinary set screw, or some other convenient method; this
magnet is placed near to and embraces between its poles (without touching it)
a piece of magnetized steel of the required size, fixed upon and connected
with the moving part. A slight turn of this small horse-shoe magnet this
suffices to give the moving part or tendency either to one side or the other, as
inay be required, (or, in the case of the "Morse relay," upwards or downwards,)
while in another position the power may be entirely neutralized. This action
will be readily understood by reference to the Drawing. This means of
adjustment is also applicable to the form of relay described in the Specifica-
tion of my Patent herein-before referred to.
The third part of my Invention relates to the combination of a dead beat
magnetic needle instrument (worked by local battery) with a relay fitted to
receive the alternating currents. The "relay," which may be of any of the
forms described either in this or in my former Specification (except my modi-
fication of the Morse relay), is so arranged in connection with a local battery
as to excite alternately the opposite limbs of an electro-magnet, between the
poles of which is placed one end of an ordinary magnetic needle, mounted on
pivots and restrained by stops; if then the polarities and connexions be

page_text: properly arranged, the dead beat needle will correspond, accurately in its
movements with those of the relay, thus repeating them as it were on a
magnified scale. For the stop at either one or both sides may be substituted
a bell (advanced or withdrawn at pleasure by a slide); this gives a ready
means of calling the attention of the operator without any other apparatus or
train of wheels.
.
The form and construction of the releasing or retrograde movement which
I propose to adapt to any form of step-by-step acting dial instrument is as
follows: The axis of the hand or pointer consists of two parts, one of which
revolves uniformly in the same direction as it is impelled by the train of wheels,
and the other part, which is tubular, and plays loosely upon this, carries the
hand. These parts, which during the forward progress of the hand are coupled
together by a pair of toothed wheels, in the manner of an ordinary clutch box,
are released when the hand has arrived at the letter or figure to be indicated,
by causing an electro-magnet to draw forward the moveable part (which is
partly made of iron) from its connexion with the other part of the axis, and
at the same instant to turn the moveable part in the reverse direction, so as to
restore the hand to its first position.
During the forward progress of the hand the two parts of the axis are held
together by the attractive action of the prolonged poles of an electro-magnet
(which I call the "holding" magnet) upon the iron of the moveable part, but
when the band has arrived at the desired letter or figure tho current of
electricity from the local battery is diverted from the "holding" magnet to the
magnet first referred to (which I term the "releasing" magnet), and the
prolonged poles of this magnet draw forward the moveable part of the axis so
as to release it from the other portion, and immediately the magnetism of the
shorter and thicker parts of the poles acts upon a small piece of iron affixed
to a toothed segment, which gears into a pinion on the moveable parts of the
axis, and by causing such piece of iron to move into an axial position between
the poles; thereby (through the segment and pinion) returns the hand to its
starting point.
"
The electric current being again changed from the "releasing" to the
holding magnet, the prolonged poles of the latter draw back the moveable
part of the axis, so that its teeth enter the teeth..of the other portion, in order
that the hand may be again carried forward by the action of the relay and
train of wheels.
The mechanism of this releasing action may either be made to act auto:
matically in accordance with the plan used under my former Patent herein-
before referred to, or it may be made to devolve upon the attendant at the
:
.:

page_text: distant station, who will then be required to effect it after the receipt of each
signal or letter by pressure upon a stud, which will cause the diversion of the
local battery current from the "holding" to the "releasing" magnet.
I also propose to effect the escape of each tooth in the step by step dial
movement by the action of a relay, which, calling into play a local battery,
excites alternately the opposite limbs of an electro-magnet, and thus each pole
is made to attract in succession the tail of a magnetized lever placed between
them, and which in each movement permits the escape of a single tooth of
the pallet wheel, while at the same time by the force with which it is.
held it 'effectually prevents the escape of more than one tooth at a time.
..And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now:
proceed to describe and refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings:
hereunto annexed..
.
Figure 1, side elevation of pillar relay; Figure 2, a corresponding plan of
the same. a, a, magnetic pillars; b, b, pole pieces of ditto, the relative polarities
being marked by the letters N and S throughout the Drawings; c, c, loose
core of soft iron, working on pivots and carrying cross pieces of soft iron at
each end; d. d, cross pieces; e, e, coil of wire, surrounding the loose core;
ff, insulated banking screws for making contact with local battery; g, g,
binding screws in connection with ditto; h, h, binding screws in connection'
with the wire of the coil; i, adjusting magnet; k, magnetized steel arm, fixed
upon the loose core c by a brass collar:
Figure 3 represents a side elevation of a modification of a Morse relny.
a, electro-magnet; b, piece of soft iron or keeper, placed near the poles of the
electro-magnet, and fixed upon the lever c; c, the lever carrying the keeper
and working on a centre at c'; part of this lever at d is made of steel and is
magnetized. e, adjusting magnet; f, insulated banking screws for contact;
9, g, binding screws.
Figure 4 represents a top plan of my dead beat single needle instrument;
and Figure 5 is a corresponding plan of the under side of the same. a, a,
electro-maguet; b, b, magnetic needle, one end of which is placed between the
poles of the magnet; c and d, dumb stop and bell stop, either of which may
be used at pleasure. 1; 2, and 3, binding screws, making connection 1 between
the local battery and the middle of the circuit of the electro-magnet; 2 and 3
between either limb of the electro-magnet separately, and the corresponding
side contact of the relay.
:
Figure 6 represents a front elevation of the releasing action, with the dial
plate and hand (Figure 12) removed;. Figure 7 is a corresponding plan, and
Figure 8, a side elevation of the same...

page_text: Figures 9, 10, and 11 are parts of the reversing action, shewn detached
and in different positions; and Figures 12 and 13 respresent respectively the
dial and hand, and the stops on the dial. a, a, axis of the pallet wheels of
the escapement; b, magnetic needle, actuating the lever of the escapement;
c, electro-magnets, producing the movements of the above, being itself called
into action by the relay; d, brass disc, fixed upon the axis of the pallet wheels,
the teeth of which disc take into the corresponding teeth of the moveable
disc; e, the moveable disc, made of soft iron, playing loosely on its axis and
carrying the hand of the instrument; f,f, prolonged poles of the holding
magnet f, f, whose action is to keep the teeth of the moveable disc e in gear
with the other disc d; 9, 9, prolonged poles of the releasing magnet g', whose
action is to draw forward the moveable disc e, and thus throw it out of gear,
whilst the magnetism of the shorter and thicker part h of the poles takes effect
upon a small piece of iron placed between them, and which by means of a
toothed segment and pinion produces at the same instant the return of the
dise e and hand to their original position; i, the small piece of iron fixed
upon the axis of the toothed segment; k, the toothed segment, taking into
the teeth of the small pinion on the moveable disc. The position of this
segment and the piece of iron i fixed upon its axis are shewn in Figure 9
before the releasing action has taken place, and in Figure 6 immediately after
the release. In the former Figure, by the onward movement of the hand the
small piece of iron i has been brought into. an oblique position between the
poles of the electro-magnet; and in the latter Figure the attraction of
the magnet has brought it into an axial position. Figure 10 shews an
enlarged sectional view of these parts in gear while under the influence of
the holding magnet; and Figure 11 is an enlarged elevation of the same
during the release. 1, Figure 13, is the stop for the hand; it may be insu-
lated, as shewn, on one side, and made to give a contact on the other side to
ring a bell when the attendant is absent; m is an incline, over which the hand
passes on its release, and which serves to prevent recoil on the completion of
the releasing action, or when the hand strikes the
stop 1.
Eigure 14 is a full-sized sectional detail of the stud employed for bringing
into action the releasing movement, by diverting the local battery current from
the holling to the releasing magnet. a is the stud; b, a spring in metallic
connection with local battery; c, contact for holding magnet; d, contact for
releasing magnet.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to

page_text: the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or
refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the improved induction coils, as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use of induction coils, in which the secondary
current is generated by reversing the polarity of the iron by the primary
current, as herein-before described for electro-telegraphic purposes, blasting,
ordnance purposes, as well as for electro-chemical decomposition.
Third, the improved forms of relays herein-before described, and the use
of a small permanent horse-shoe magnet as a means of adjustment for
relays.
Fourth, the combination and arrangement described of a dead beat magnetic
needle instrument, worked by a local battery in connexion with a relay, fitted
to receive alternating currents, and the mode of exciting (by local battery
and relay fitted to receive alternating currents) alternately the opposite
limbs of an electro-magnet, so as to produce corresponding movements in a
magnetic needle.
Fifth, the adaptation to an ordinary step by step dial instrument of the
peculiar releasing or retrograde movements, above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twentieth day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above-named
Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse, in the
presence of
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields.
T
(LS.)