IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING BY STRAM FOR MANUFACTURING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Colin Cairns, of the City and State of New
York, United States of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING BY STRAM FOR MANUFACTURING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 25th May 1869, and dated the 5th April 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Colin Cairns at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th April 1869.
I, COLIN CAIRNS, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING BY STEAM FOR MANUFACTURING AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
It is well known that the heat evolved from steam is in proportion to
the pressure, that at atmospheric pressure steam has about 212° tem-
perature Fahrenheit, and that with higher pressures the temperature
inoreases. There are many circumstances, however, where steam cannot
be generated under a heavy pressure on account of the boiler being too
wool

page_text: My improvements consist in applying a pump, or two or more pumps,
working one in the other, or separately, and introduced between the
generator of the steam and the article to be heated, so that these pumps
shall force the steam into a smaller space and thereby increase the
pressure and correspondingly increase the temperature. By this device
the temperature of the article into which the steam is pumped can be
raised to any desired extent, according to the pressure. I contemplate
using these improvements in heating the rollers of calendering machines
to any desired temperature from a low-pressure boiler, in heating steam
coils, boiling die stuffs, and dyeing, and in various other operations in the
arts, especially where a uniform temperature is required, because with
steam the temperature can be regulated by a safety valve that determines
the pressure.
These improvements may also be found available in tempering steel,
cutting and other tools, and wire, and for other purposes
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Colin Cairns in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th October 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, COLIN
CAIRNS, of the City and State of New York, United States of America,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Colin Cairns, Her special licence that
I, the said Colin Cairns, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Colin Cairns, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING

page_text: med
MIC date of
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Colin Cairns, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :--
It is well known that the heat evolved from steam is in proportion to
the pressure, that at atmospheric pressure steam is about 212° tem-
perature Fah., and that with higher pressures the temperature increases.
There are many circumstances, however, where steam cannot be generated
under a heavy pressure on account of the boiler being too weak.
My improvement consists in applying a pump, or two or more pumps,
working one into the other, or separately, and introduced between the
generation of the steam and the article to be heated, so that these pumps
shall force the steam into a smaller space and thereby increase the
pressure and correspondingly elevate the temperature. By this device
the temperature of the article into which the steam is pumped can be
raised to any desired extent according to the pressure. I contemplate
using this improvement wherever available, for instance, it is adapted to
heating the rollers of calendering machines to any desired temperature
from a low-pressure boiler, to heating steam coils, to boiling dye stuffs,
dye, and other articles, and to various other operations in the arts,
especially where a uniform temperature is required, because with steam
the temperature can be regulated by a safety valve that determines the
pressure.
This improvement may also be employed in tempering steel, in cutting
and other tools, wire, and other articles.

page_text: generated, so as to produce a temperature for use in the arts proportioned
to the extent of compression, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Colin Cairns, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, A.D. One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witnesses,
GEO. D. WALKER,
121, Nassau St.,
New York.
CHAS. H. SMITH,
121, Nassau St.,
New York.
COLIN CAIRNS. (L.S.)