Improvements in Compression Joints.
Year: 1891

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Compression Joints.
I, CHARLES SAMUEL BAVIER, of the City of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings,
State of New York, United States of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENT IN COMPRESSION JOINTS, and in
what manner the same may be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained by the following statement :-
The object of my said invention is to provide a metallic joint for a variety of
purposes such as between cylinders and cylinder heads; iu valves wherein a valve
disc or plunger is compressed upon a seat; in pipe couplings; in the joint between
manhole plates and shells of water-tube and other boilers; and other purposes; and
I construct the joint with the aid of soft malleable rings which are held in peculiarly
shaped recesses in one of the compression surfaces, whereby the said rings are easily
removed when worn and new rings are inserted in the recesses.
Referring now to the drawings which accompany the Specification to aid in the
d'escription.
Figure 1, is a longitudinal section of a coupling, with my ring joint.
Figure 2, is a longitudinal section of the end connection of a water tube boiler,
with my ring joint.
Figure 3, is a section of the rings before they are expanded home.
Figure 3 is an enlarged broken sectional view of the rings before expansion.
Figure 4, is a view of two rings after they are expanded home.
Figure 5, is a view of a ring, in a recess which has a horizontal base, and before
expansion.
Figure 6, is a view of a ring with a split-claw under surface and before
expansion.
Figure 7, is a view of the same, after expansion.
Referring to Figure 1, A and B, are the two parts of an ordinary pipe coupling,
and C, is the screw ring, with flange c engaging on a flange, b, of part B, in the
ordinary manner of such couplings. As is well understood, the two parts A and B,
are made to approach each other by revolving the ring C. 'The joint is made in
the following manner :- -The face a, of part A, is made a hard indexical surface,
and in the part B is formed an annular recess, d, which has its side wall undercut
as at e, and its base preferably inclining downwardly and outwardly from the centre
of the coupling as clearly indicated at f. Said inclined base f, is broad enough to
receive and support a plurality of rings G, H, usually two in number, as in
Figures 1, 2 and 3. Said rings G, H, are each made of malleable material, as soft
copper, and are readily formed by cutting cross sections from copper tubes.. The
diameter of the several rings G, H, is such that the one ring will just fit within the
other. The upper compression surface, g, h, of each ring is either plane, or rounded,
and the lower surfaces, i, j, are beveled downwardly and outwardly, and at a more
acute angle than the inclination of the base f. The object of said bevél is two-fold:
first, that when the rings G, H, are expanded home to place as in Figures 1, 2,
and 4; the under surfaces of the said rings i or j of the said rings may fit flatly on
the base of the recess e, and secondly that the lower part of the rings G, H, etc.,
may be weakened by being cut away to a point g' so that said point will yield
readily to the pressure which is exerted on the upper surfaces of said rings and will
turn outward toward the side walls e. Thus when pressure is exerted on the sur-
faces , of said ring G, the lower parts of the ring will slide laterally, (or be
expanded) over the inclined base, f, and against and under the undercut side. wall d,
thereby retaining the said ring in its place. When a plurality of rings is used; the
outer ring G is first inserted loosely into the recess d, and the member. 'A is

page_text: lf
screwed down hard on the top of said ring, thereby expanding the ring G home to
place, as at Figure 4. Then the next inner ring H, which is made a little higher
-than-the-first-ring-G-is-inserted within said first ring and expanded home in the
same manner. Evidently the first ring G, will form in effect an undercut side wall,
and the second ring H, will be expanded against and under the first ring, in the
same manner as that first ring was expanded against the walls of the recess.
more than two rings are used, then each ring is made a little higher than the next
outer ring, and each ring will be expanded home to place by pressure on its upper
surface, as in the case of the first two rings. To increase the number of joint
seats I also form a seat 62, in the substance of the part B. Now if the innermost
ring H, gives out the part A may be compressed down upon the next ring G, and
so on as often as there is another ring left, and finally the joint may be made
between the face a, and the seat b². To remove a ring as H, it is readily collapsed
by pliers, and drawn out of the recess.
Figure 2, shows the application of the rings to water tube boilers. K, is a
water tube, L, L', an end connection into which the tube K is expanded. M, is
the hand hole plate to give access to the tube K, and which is secured on by the
screw and nut m, m'. The rings G, H, are inserted in an annular recess d, in the
connection L, which recess d, is formed with under-cut side-wall, E, and inclined
basef, the same as hereinbefore described, and said rings G, H, are expanded home
to place by compressing the handhole plate M, on said rings by the screw m.
course, the rings G, H, might be inserted in the handhole plate M, instead of in
the end connection L.
Of
In Figure 5, a ring G, is shown inserted in a recess which has undercut side
walls, E, but horizontal base f. It is evident that even with this construction the
ring, G, will expand laterally against the undercut side wall e, when pressure is
applied to its top surface g, for the line of said pressure, a, a, falls within the
point g¹ of the beveled underside of the ring G, and therefore, the said pressure will
tend to slide said point, g', outward and thus the lower part of ring G, will be
expanded laterally against, and under the side walls e, e,
In place of having a single bevel, i, the under side of the ring, G, may be formed.
with a double bevel or claw as h2, h3, Figure 4. If so formed, then when pressure
is applied on the upper surface of the ring G, the claws h², h³, will spread whether
the annular recess has a plane or a somewhat inclined base, and the claw h², will be
pressed against and under the undercut side wall, d, thereby retaining the ring G,
in the recess. But the arrangement of the claws h2, h3, is not adapted to joints with
more than one ring.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare what I claim is,
1. The hereinbefore described member of a compression joint consisting of a
malleable ring having one edge adapted to form the joint, and its opposite edge
beveled downwardly and outwardly from the centre of the ring, and said ring
inserted freely in an annular recess in one of the compression members, which
recess has its side walls undercut, and its base plane so that the beveled edge of
the ring may deflect said ring laterally against the said undercut side walls.
2. The hereinbefore described member of a compression joint consisting of
several malleable rings, each ring having one edge adapted to form the joint and
said edges forming a stepped series, and each ring also having its opposite edge
beveled downwardly and outwardly from the centre of the ring, said rings being
nested one within the other, in an annular recess which has undercut side walls and
a plane base, so that the beveled edge of the outer ring may deflect said ring
laterally against the undercut side wall of the recess, and the beveled edge of the
other rings may deflect them laterally under the inclined side of the next outer ring.
3. The hereinbefore described member of a compression joint consisting of a
malleable ring having one edge adapted to form the joint and its opposite edge
beveled downwardly and outwardly from the centre of the ring, and said ring freely

page_text: inserted in an annular recess in one of the compression members which recess has
undercut side walls and a plane base which inclines downwardly and outwardly
from said ring so that the beveled edge of the ring shall deflect the same laterally
against, and under the said undercut side walls.
4. A compression joint constructed as follows, one of the compression members
having a hard indexical surface, and the other member containing a compressible
ring, which ring is freely inserted in an annular recess in said other member, said
ring having its under-side beveled downwardly and outwardly from the centre of
the ring, and being inserted in an annular recess which has undercut side walls, so
that pressure on the upper face of the ring shall deflect its beveled face laterally
toward the undercut side walls.
Dated this 1st day of August 1891.
HUGHES, ELI & HUGHES,
76, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for Applicant.