IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WROUGHT-IRON CYLINDERS FOR PIERS OR PILES TO BRIDGES, VIADUCTS, OR FOR OTHER FOUNDATIONS OR STRUC- TURES WHERE THE SINKING OF CYLINDERS IS REQUIRED
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Howard John Kennard, of No. 36, Great George
Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WROUGHT-IRON CYLINDERS FOR
PIERS OR PILES TO BRIDGES, VIADUCTS, OR FOR OTHER FOUNDATIONS OR STRUC-
TURES WHERE THE SINKING OF CYLINDERS IS REQUIRED."
Sealed the 10th November 1863, and dated the 27th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Howard John Kennard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1863.
I, HOWARD JOHN KENNARD, of No. 36, Great George Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WROUGHT-IRON. CYLINDERS FOR
PIERS OR PILES TO BRIDGES, VIADUCTS, OR FOR OTHER FOUNDATIONS OR STRUCTURES
WHERE THE SINKING OF CYLINDERS IS REQUIRED," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing wrought-iron cylinders for piers or
piles for bridges, viaducts, or for other foundations or structures where such
cylinders require to be made air or water tight for the purpose of being sunk
into the ground, by first forming any convenient number of segments that the
size of the cylinders may require; each of which segments I provide with an
internal flange, either fixed or formed all round the edges of the same.. I
then plane or turn the surfaces of such flanges and the edges of the plates,
so as to produce accurately fitting surfaces, and I fix such segments together
for forming the complete cylinder by means of bolts and nuts passing through
the said internal flanges, thus producing an air or water tight cylinder by
means of the planed meeting surfaces of the segments, with the addition, if
requisite, of suitable packing between such meeting surfaces.

page_text: By this arrangement I am enabled entirely to finish off such segments at
the place of manufacture, so that they require nothing further than to be
bolted together at the locality where the cylinders require to be erected, and
I am thus enabled to dispense at the place of erection with the skilled labour
which is requisite with the mode heretofore employed for forming the cylinders
where the plates have to be rivetted together at the place of erection.
The manner in which I prefer to form the flanged segments is as follows:-
I manufacture an angle iron of such a form that upon one external face of
the same there is a raised surface or fillet running along at or near the apex
of the angle iron. I then rivet this angle iron in an air or water-tight
manner upon the inner surface of the plates, forming the segments round the
edges of the same in such a manner that the side of the angle iron having the
raised surface or fillet forms the flanges to the segments, it being for this
purpose provided with the requisite bolt holes. I then plane or turn such
raised surface or fillet of the flanges so formed, and also the edges of the plate,
so that the fillet and the edge of the plate together form a perfect plane
meeting surface, thereby insuring a water or air tight joint between the seg-
ments when bolted together to form the cylinder. Or, instead of employing
the before-described form of angle iron for forming the flanges, I employ T
iron for that purpose, rivetting the table of the same to the plate, and planing
the edge of the table, together with the edge of the plate, to form the air or
water-tight joint.
In other cases I rivet the ordinary form of angle iron upon the plates in
such a manner that the edges of the plate project slightly beyond the angle
iron, and I then plane the edges of the plates, so as alone to constitute the
meeting surfaces; and I insert suitable packing between the joints of the
segments when they are bolted together, so as to render the cylinder air or
water tight. Or, I sometimes form the said flanges by setting up the metal
of the plate itself, or by welding or rolling the metal for forming the flanges
on to the plates.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Howard John Kennard in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th November 1863.
TO. ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HOWARD
JOHN KENNARD, of No. 36, Great George Street, Westminster, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Howard John Kennard, Her special licence that I, the said Howard
John Kennard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Howard John Kennard, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the. term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WROUGHT-IRON CYLINDERS
FOR PIERS OR PILES TO BRIDGES, VIADUCTS, OR FOR OTHER FOUNDATIONS OR STRUC-
TURES WHERE THE SINKING OF CYLINDERS IS REQUIRED," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Howard John Kennard, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Howard John Kennard, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in constructing iron cylinders for piers or piles for
bridges, viaducts, or for other foundations or structures where such cylinders
require to be made air or water tight for the purpose of being sunk into the
ground, by first forming any convenient number of segments that the size of
the cylinders may require, each of which segments I provide with an internal
flange, either fixed or formed all round the edges of the same. I then plane
or turn the surfaces of such flanges and the edges of the plates, so as to
produce accurately fitting surfaces, and I fix such segments together for
forming the complete cylinder by means of bolts and nuts passing through the
said internal flanges, thus producing an air or water tight cylinder by means
of the planed meeting surfaces of the segments, with the addition, if requisite,
of suitable packing between such meeting surfaces.
By this arrangement I am enabled entirely to finish off such segments at

page_text: the place of manufacture, so that they require nothing further than to be
bolted together at the locality where the cylinders require to be erected, and.
I am thus enabled to dispense at the place of erection with the skilled labor
which is requisite with the mode heretofore employed for forming the wrought-
iron cylinders where the plates have to be rivetted together at the place of
erection.
The manner in which I prefer to form the flanged segments is as
follows: I manufacture an angle iron of such a form that upon one external.
face of the same there is a raised surface or fillet running along at or near
the apex of the angle iron. I then rivet this angle iron in an air or water.
tight manner upon the inner surface of the plates forming the segments round
the edges of the same; in such a manner that the side of the angle iron
having the raised surface or fillet forms the flanges to the segments, it being:
for this purpose provided with the requisite bolt holes. I then plane or turn
such raised surface or fillet of the flanges so formed, and also the edges of the.
plate, so that the fillet and the edge of the plate together form a perfect plane:
meeting surface, thereby insuring a water or air-tight joint between the seg-.
ments when bolted together to form the cylinder. Or, instead of employing
the before-described form of angle iron for forming the flanges, I employ
tee-iron for that purpose, rivetting the table of the same to the plate, and
planing the edge of the table, together with the edge of the plate, to form the.
air or water tight joint.
In other cases I rivet the ordinary form of angle iron upon the plates in
such a manner that the edges of the plate project slightly beyond the angle
iron, and I then plane the edges of the plates, so as alone to constitute the
meeting surfaces, and I insert suitable packing between the joints of the seg-
ments when they are bolted together, so as to render the cylinder air or
water-tight. Or I sometimes form the said flanges by setting up the metal of the
plate itself, or by welding or rolling the metal for forming the flanges on to
the plates.
On the accompanying Drawing is shown the arrangement which I prefer
to employ.
Figure 1 shews an elevation of a portion of a cylinder constructed according
to my Invention; Figure 2 shews a plan, Figure 3 shows a sectional plan,
and Figure 4 shows a sectional elevation on line X, X, Figure 3. The same
letters of reference indicate the same parts in each of the Figures..
The circumference of the cylinder is in this case divided into four segments
A, A, A, A, each of which consists of a curved wrought-iron plate a, all round
the edges of which is rivetted in an air or water-tight manner the angle

page_text: iron b. This angle iron is formed with a projecting fillet as shewn, the edge
of which is brought level with the edge of the plate. After the angle iron has
been rivetted to the plate in an air or water tight manner, (bolt holes having
been previously formed in the projecting flange of the same), the edges of the
plate and fillet of the angle iron are turned or planed so as together to form
a true surface. The segments so formed are then fixed together by means of
bolts and nuts passing through the flanges, the planed or turned meeting
edges of the same forming air or water-tight joints. The spaces between the
flanges are filled in either with a cast-iron packing c, c', as shown, or with
other suitable packing or cement, so as to prevent the possibility of leakage.
The segments are by preference made to break joint in a vertical direction
as shown, to prevent having the corners of four of the segments meeting
together.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
am acquainted with of performing the same, I wish it to be understood-that
I do not limit myself to the form and arrangement of the segments, nor to the
manner of forming the flanges on the same as herein-before described with
reference to the accompanying Drawing, nor do I claim generally the con-
struction of wrought-iron cylinders composed of flanged segments; but what I
claim is, constructing wrought-iron cylinders for piers or piles to bridges,
viaducts, or for other foundations or structures where the sinking of cylinders
is required, consisting of segments having internal flanges fixed or formed
upon them for bolting them together, the meeting edges of such segments
being planed or turned so as to form more or less perfectly air and water
tight joints.
In witness whereof, I, the said Howard John Kennard have hereunto
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of November, in the
Land One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three