IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Ross and James Inglis, of Arbroath,
N.B., Factory Managers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Looms."
Sealed the 23rd May 1854, and dated the 6th December 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Ross and
James Inglis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th December 1858.
We, GEORGE Ross and JAMES INGLIS, of Arbroath, N.B., Factory
Managers, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the means of
unwinding the warp from the warp beam, and of winding up the work
on to the work or cloth beam. For this purpose the fly-wheel (or
other convenient part of the loom) each rotation acts on one end of a
cranked lever, the other end of which lever is connected with and gives
motion to a toothed rack. The quantity of movement given to such
toothed rack is regulated by means of a lever or arm, resting at one
end on the surface of the decreasing diameter of the warp beam, such
lever or arm acting by intermediate connections on an adjustable stop.

page_text: The toothed rack gives motion to a pinion, which gives motion to a
ratchet on a clutch box, which when in gear gives motion to a screw
which drives a screw wheel on the axis of the warp beam. The toothed
rack is moved back by a spring, or other convenient means. The
winding-up motion is similarly arranged to what is above described,
there being a screw wheel on the axis of the cloth or work beam,
which is put in motion by a screw which is governed in the extent of
its rotation by intermediate apparatus governed by the increasing
diameter of such beam, and this is accomplished by an arm or lever,
such as before mentioned, constantly in contact with the fabric wound
on the cloth beam, which regulates the position of a stop; and by
intermediate gearing or instruments the distance through which the
screw rotates is continuously changing in proportion to the increasing
diameter of the beam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Ross and James Inglis in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 5th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
GEORGE ROSS and JAMES INGLIS, of Arbroath, N.B., Factory
Managers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said George Ross and James Inglis, Her
special licence that we, the said George Ross and James Inglis, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
George Ross and James Inglis, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," upon

page_text: the condition (amongst others) that we, the said George Ross and
James Inglis, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Inglis, on behalf of myself
and the said George Ross, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the means of
unwinding the warp from the warp beam, and of winding up the work
on to the work or cloth beam. For this purpose the fly wheel (or other
convenient part of the loom) each rotation acts on one end of a cranked
lever, the other end of which lever is connected with and gives motion
to a toothed rack. The quantity of movement given to such toothed
rack is regulated by means of a lever or arm resting at one end on the
surface of the decreasing diameter of the warp beam, such lever or arm
acting by intermediate connections on an adjustable stop. The toothed
rack gives motion to a pinion, which gives motion to a ratchet on a
clutch box, which when in gear gives motion to a screw which drives
a screw wheel on the axis of the warp beam. The toothed rack is
moved back by a spring, or other convenient means. The winding-up
motion is similarly arranged to what is above described, there being a
screw wheel on the axis of the cloth or work beam, which is put in
motion by a screw which is governed in the extent of its rotation by
intermediate apparatus governed by the increasing diameter of such
beam, and this is accomplished by an arm or lever, such as before
mentioned, constantly in contact with the fabric wound on the cloth
beam which regulates the position of a stop, and by intermediate
gearing or instruments the distance through which the screw rotates
is continuously changing in proportion to the increasing diameter of
the beam.

page_text: Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will proceed
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
The Drawing shows a right hand end view of so much of a loom as
will enable us to describe our improvements. a, a, the framing of the
loom; b, the axis of the fly wheel, on which is fixed the excentric c,
or the excentric may be fixed to the fly wheel itself, or otherwise
applied so long as its action be arranged to perform the part herein
described. This excentric acts against the lever d, each revolution of
the axis 6, and moves it constantly the same distance from its centre.
This lover has its axis or fulcrum at d', as shown, and is constantly
drawn back by the spring d'. At the lower end of the lever d, it has
attached to it a toothed rack d, which is supported at its other end,
and is moved to and fro by the lever d, and the extent of its movement
will depend on the position of the stop e, on the lever e'; and the
position of this stop will be constantly varying as tho warp beam
diminishes in diameter; and this variation of the position of the stop e
is brought about by the lever f, the upper end of which carries a roller
f, which rests at all times on the surface of the yarn on the warp
beam or roller g, and at the lower end of the lever f, it has its fulcrum
or axis f, and it has also a cranked arm fixed to it, and the arm fis
connected to the lever of the stope by the connecting rod ft; hence as
the diameter of the warp on the warp beam decreases, the stop e will go
further back, and allow the lever d, and consequently the toothed rack,
to move further back, and thus be the cause of communicating to the
axis of the warp beam or roller a greater and a greater extent of rotation
as the diameter of the roller with the warp thereon decreases; and this
is accomplished in the following manner :-h, is a cog wheel which can'
turn freely on the axis h'. This wheel h has a plate or disc h² fixed to its
upper surface which carries a driver h³, which by a spring is constantly
pressed into the teeth of the ratchet wheel h on the axis h³, on which
it, can turn freely, except when in gear with the clutch "h³, when any
revolution given to the ratchet wheel will be communicated to tho

page_text: axis h', and from it by the screw he, to the screw wheel g', on the axis
of the warp beam or roller g, and the quantity of rotation which will
be made will depend on the distance through which the toothed rack
is moved by the lever d, when actuated by the excentric. k, is a spring
pressing on a friction wheel on the axis h', to prevent its moving without
being driven round by the mechanism above described, or by the wheel
on which this spring bears. The taking up of the work as it is woven
is accomplished in a very similar manner to letting off of the warp
from the warp beam or roller; but the axis of the work beam or roller
is caused to move round a less and a less portion of a revolution as the
beam increases in diameter; by the winding on of the woven fabric the
excentric inoves back the upper end of the lever each time-of its
rotation, and the lever 7 is connected by the rod to the lover P, and
the lever is connected by a strap P, which, passing partly round, is
fixed to the double pulley on the axis m. The pulley * has affixed
to its upper surface a disc or plate P, carrying a driver 1, which takes
into the teeth of the ratchet wheel m³, which can move freely on the
axis, except when it is in gear with the clutch m³. The pulley is
constantly drawn on by the spring 7, which by a strap is fixed to the
pulley; hence the pulley and driver are brought back when permitted
by the lever and strap P, and the distance of movement of the
lever will depend on the position of the stop n, which will vary as
the diameter of the cloth beam encreases by means of the crank lever
n', which by its longer arm and roller n², presses constantly on the
surface of the fabric on the work beam, the other or shorter end of the
lever n carrying the stop n. The two clutches are moved out of gear
by the treadle o, and the levers and link p, q, r, as will readily be
understood by reference to the Drawing.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we would have it understood that we
make no claim to any of the parts separately, nor do we confine
ourselves to the precise details so long as the peculiar character of the
Invention, as herein described, be retained. But what we claim is, the
combination of mechanism herein explained, applied to looms for letting

page_text: off the warp from the warp beam or roller, and for winding or taking
the cloth or fabric as it is woven.
up
In witness whereof, I, the said James Inglis, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
JAMES INGLIS. (L.B.)
Witness,
JAMES ANDSON,
of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, Scotland,
Solicitor.