Improvements in the Construction of Steam Boilers.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1899--Accepted, 9th Dec., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Steam Boilers.
I, GEORGE SIMPSON STRONG, of No 337 West 80th Street, in the Borough of
Manhattan, City, County and State of New York, United States of America,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to the construction of boilers and has for its object to
provide a strong boiler with great steam generating power, and with efficient
and ample provision for the circulation of water in the boiler I have also in view
the economy of space occupied by the boiler and a construction which will make
possible the use of plates lighter than would be commonly required in boilers
of similar capacity.
In many of its features my improved boiler is suitable for stationary use and
also for use as a locomotive boiler, and for maine purposes
The nature of my improvements will be best understood as described in con-
nertion with the drawings in which they are illustrated, and in which
Figure is a plan view showing two of my boilers aanged as for use in a
torpedo boat, a portion of the housing or covering being broken away to show
the construction beneath
Figure 2 is a side view, the part to the left in section, of the same construction
shown in Fig 1
Figure 3 is a front view, the part to the left in section, of the same construction.
Figure 4 18 a longitudinal section taken as on the section line 1-1 of Fig 5,
showing the construction of my boiler in somewhat greater detail
Figure 5 is a fiont view, the part to the left m section as on the line 2-2 of
Fig
Figure 6 is a plan view, the upper part in section as on the line 3-3 of Fig 4.
Figure 7 is a plan view, showing on an enlarged scale, the construction of the
headers used in my boiler.
Figure 8 18 a section taken as on the line 4-4 of Fig 7
Fig. 9 18 a sectional longitudinal elevation of a locomotive boiler embody-
ing my invention in what I believe to be its best form, the section being taken
on line 99 of Fig 11
Figure 10 16 an enlarged detail of the construction shown in Fig. 9
Figure 11 is a fiont elevation of the boiler of Fig 9, the portion to the right
being shown in section 11-11 of Fig 12
Fig 12 is a plan view of this boiler the upper part being shown as on section
12-12 of Fig 11 and the lower part as on section 12--12
Figure 13 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the end of one of my
tubes, showing its cap and connection with the header section on line 13-13
of Fig 14, and
Figure 14 is a cross-section, partly on line 14–14 and partly on line 14*—14*
of Fig 13
A and A indicate respectively the front and rear headers, between which the
fine chamber of the boiler is situated and which may be formed in any convenient
for instance, as shown in Figs 9 and 10, but, preferably, for use, especially
way,

page_text: in the light marine boiler, I form the headers as shown in Figs 4, 6, 7 and 8,
that is, with the peripheries of the front and back plates united by means of an
Adamson seam, and with the portions of the body of the plate which are not
staved by tubes, internally dished at ficquent intervals, as shown at a³, Fig 8,
the dished portions being united by vets O passing through tubular stavs O'
The Adamson seam, by which the edges of the plates are united, is well shown
in Figs 7 and 8, the flanges of the plates being indicated at a a, and the inter-
posed strip of the scam indicated at a¹, O again indicating the vets
In my construction I unite the lateral sides of the headers A and A¹ by two
sets of tubes, indicated at B B, and forming or rather partly forming, the sides of
the fire chamber The outer row of these sets of tubes B is preferably made to
support an outer non-conducting wall which is preferably made, as shown, of
hollow tiling P formed with an channels p leading from near the top down into
the fire chamber near the bottom, as shown, for instance, at P, Fig 11 T'he air
conduts serve, not only to keep the outside of the tiling walls reasonably cool,
but also utilize the heat for preheating the au, 01 1ather a portion of it, which
enters the fire chamber The flues open to the outer air at top, as shown in
Fig 5, or at Ps, Figs 9 and II Preferably I make the two groups or sets of
tubes B arch or incline inwaid over the grate so as to afford an increased heat-
ing surface as they extend upward, and preferably I increase the number of tubes
at the upper part of each set, as shown, the plan I most approve for the marine
boiler being that best indicated in Fig 5, and for the locomotive boiler, that
of Fig. 11
D
I connect the upper part of the headers A and A' by one or more conduits
forming, or rather partly forming, the top of the fire chamber I may make
these conduits in the form of diums, indicated at C, Figs 2, 3, 4 and 5, and,
eferably, use at least two such drums, a construction utilizing four drums
being shown in Figs 2, 3, 4 and 5, the drums being united to the headers through
outwardly turned flauges B2 B. In this construction I propose to use steam
drums H H, etc, situated above the drums C and each connected with two of said
steam diums as by conduits H' H¹, ele I also connect the drums H with each
other by conduits H3, H³ indicating the steam pipe leading from the connected
diums
In place of using drums, I contemplate using, in cases where heating
surface is desued to the maximum extent, groups of tubes, as indicated at in
Figs. 9, 11 and 12 B3 B3&c., indicate the fire doors extending through the front
header and, preferably formed with Adamson seams, as indicated in Fig 4
indicates a boiler shell which is secured as by flanges B' to the rear plate of the
ear header A and E indicates fire tubes extending through the shell B and
by means of which the products of combustion are conducted away from the fire
chamber formed between the headers For the utilisation of my invention in
a marine boiler, the front sheet of the rear header is utilised as a tube sheet through
which the tubes E pass and into which they are expanded As the fire chamber
is large and the grate surface extensive it is necessary that the aggregate area of
the tubes E should be correspondingly large and that the tubes should be set
closer together than is ordinarily the case, a construction which might tend to
produce foaming in the shell D and which renders it desirable, if not necessary,
that a circulation of the water through the shell should be provided for which
will avoid the tendency to foam Such a enculation secure by means of the
diaphragm partition K which divides the water space of the shell into two cham-
beis connecting at top and bottom, as shown, and results in a enculation of the
water downward on the right hand side of the partition and on the left hand side
of the partition partly upward around the tubes E and partly forward though
the tubes B, the last mentioned portion of the circulating water passing upward
through the header A and rearward through the drums C and the upper part of
the shell D As shown, I have made the diaphragm K with a forwardly extend-
ing flange K¹ at top, such a construction being found desirable in promoting the
desired circulation, In the locomotive type of boiler I employ a combustion

page_text: chamber E¹ secured to the front plate of the rear header and from the rear plate
of which the tubes E extend
Where, as illustrated, the lateral tube sets B B increase in number from the
bottoni upward as shown, it is desirable that provision should be made for in-
suring that a considerable volume of the flame and products of combustion should
be forced through the interspaces between these tubes and I preferably accomplish
this not only by arching the upper portion of the tube sets B over the giate but
by providing a deflecting partition G extending from a pout above and at the
rear of the gate forward and upward as shown and gradually diminishing the
breadth Such a partition should properly be constructed of firebrick and sup-
ported, as shown, on water tubes F F extending between the front and rear headers
It will be obvious that with such partition in place a laige portion of the pro-
ducts of combustion will be forced over the side edges of the partition and among
the tubes BB In constructions using the partition G it is also desirable that
provision should be made foi introducing an above and at the rear of the grate
and between it and the real header. For this purpose I provide a bridge wall
I leaving an au passage I between the bridge wall and the rear header which
opens through a passage I between the bridge wall and the portion G. I³ indicates
a regulator by which the amount of air permitted to enter at this point can be
governed It 18 advantageous to provide means for introducing steam into this
air passage as, for instance, by a pipe 1, Fig 10, perforated in its top. The
steam can be made to aid the draft and will prevent the formation of clinker
at the mouth of the au passage and on badge G
In the marine type of boiler provision should be made by which the products
of combustion, after passing through the tubes E, should return around the
shell D over the upper part of the drums C and around the drums H, thus, for
instance, as shown in Fig 2 The provision of walls L and L' at the rear and
over the top of the boiler causes the gas to pass through the conduits M
and M in which the boiler is situated, as shown, and thence over the top of the
division plate L' through the opening M to the stack M3. In the design shown
where two boilers are placed back to back, the partition L serves to separate the
flue space of the two boilers and the two partitions L' are conveniently connected
at top by an upwardly extending partition L³ which duects the gases from both
furnaces upward into the stack
Among the most important features of my invention are the special construc-
tions shown in Figs 9, 11 and 12, notably that in which the water and steam
tubes are confined to the centre of the headers and extend at a quite sharp angle
upward from the front to the rear header while the water tubes B B are inclined
upward from the ear to the front header and lap the central tubes o at front as
shown, this construction not only greatly strengthens the fire box by the lattice
bracing it affords but also provides for a very energetic circulation of water
owing to the great angular inclination in the direction of flow which it makes
feasible
Another important detail is the provision of the deflecting plate Q extending
across the boiler shell 1 in front of the tubes and nearly to the water level;
as shown the plate 18 11veted to the sides of the boiler and to the central brace
plate Q and its function is to force the water enteuing the boiler shell with the
steam through the upper tubes c down against the water in shell D so as to
free the steam space of it and this is further insured by securing to the sides of
the boiler a perforated plate Q extending back from the edge of plate Q and
through which the steam enters the steam space above
In order to prevent surges or waves of water, such as occur in stopping a loco-
motive, from dashing into the steam dome D' I provide a surge arresting plate Q³
extending across the boiler in the rear of plate Q
It is important to provide convenient means for cleaning the tubes and to this
end I provide a removable cap device shown in Figs. 13 and 14. I expand the
tubes, as B, Fig 13, into the plates of the header and form slots B¹ B¹ opening

page_text: into the header while the ends B of the tube are open R is a cap to close the
open end, preferably grooved, as at R¹ to fit on the end of the tube and having
a gasket r preferably of copper. The outer end R' of the cap is formed to receive
a wrench and internally it is threaded, as shown at R This cap screws onto
the threaded shank S¹ of a hook S having a jaw S which engages the edge of a
slot B and obviously the cap can be securely held by this device. I prefer,
however, to pivot to a pin 83 in hook S a second hook Shaving a jaw 3 adapted
to engage the edge of the opposite slot 11 so as to equalize the strains and on
this hook SI provide lugs SS which can be pushed against to turn the
hook $ out or in in placing or removing the compound hook in the tube
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim 18-
1. A boiler having in combination fiont and rear headers, as A A, between
which the fire chamber is situated, one or more conduits connecting the headers
at top and forming, or partly forming the top of the hie chamber, two sets of
watei tubes, as B, connecting the headers at then lateral sides and forming the
sides of the fire chamber, a boiler shell duectly connected to the back plate of the
rear header and through said header in direct communication with the watei
tubes and conduits connecting the headers, a multiple series of fine tubes extend-
ing through said shell through which the products of combustion from the fire
chamber pass and hollow tile walls for the firebox supported on the tubes B and
forming an channels leading into the fiebox
2 A boiler having in combination front and rem headers, as A A', between
which the fire chamber is situated, one or more conduits connecting the headers
at top and forming or partly forming the top of the fine chamber, two sets of
water tubes, as B B, connecting the lateral sides of the headers and arching over
the grate, a boiler shell dnectly connected to the back plate of the rear header,
and through said header in direct communication with the water tubes and con-
duits connecting the headers, and a multiple series of fine tubes extending through
said boiler shell
3. A boiler having in combination front and rear headers, as A', between
which the fire chamber is situated, one or more conduits connecting the headers
at top and forming or partly forming the top of the he chamber, two sets of
water tubes, as B B, connecting the lateral sides of the headers and arching over
the grate, said set of tubes inci easing in number and extending inward over the
grate at their upper sections, a boiler shell duectly connected to the back plate
of the rear header, and a multiple series of fire tubes extending through said
boiler shell
4 A boiler having in combination front and eat headers, as A A, between
which the fire chamber is situated, one or more conduits connecting the headers
at top and forming or partly forming the top of the fire chamber, two sets of
water tubes, as B B, connecting the lateral sides of the headers and arching over
the gate, a deflecting arch, as G, extending forward and upward over the grate
and between the sets of tubes B B, a boilei shell directly connected to the back
plate of the rear header, and a multiple series of fire tubes extending through said
boiler shell
5. A boiler having in combination front and rear headers as A A', between
which the fire chamber is situated, one or more conduits connecting the
headers at top and forming or partly forming the top of the fire chamber, two
sets of water tubes, as B B, connecting the lateral sides of the headers and aiching
over the grate, a deflecting archi, as G, extending forward and upward over the
grate and between the sets of tubes B B, an air opening as I¹ I at the rear end
thereof, a boiler shell directly connected to the back plate of the rear header, and
a multiple series of fire tubes extending though said boiler shell
6. A boiler having in combination front and rear headers, as A and A'

page_text: between which the fire chamber is situated, a set of water and steam tubes c
connecting the central upper portions of the headers and inclined upward from
the front to the rear header, said tubes forming the top of the fue chamber, two
sets of water tubes B B connecting the lateral sides of the headers and forming
the sides of the fire chamber, said tubes being inclined downward from the front
to the rear header and lapping part of the front ends of the tubes c so as to form
a lattice bracing for the fire box and a capacious and energetic_cuculating
device for the water, and a boiler shell secured to the rear header and having flie
tubes connecting with the he chamber.
7. A boiler having front and rear headers, as A A', between which the fire
chamber 18 situated and a boiler shell, as 1), secured to the real header, a set of
water and steam tubes, as e, connecting the tops of the headers and forming the top
of the fire chamber, two sets of water tubes, B B, connecting the lateral sides of
the headers and forming the sides of the fire chamber, and a deflecting plate Q
secured to the top of the boiler shell 1) in front of the tubes ‹ and extending
nearly to the water line.
8 A boiler having front and lean headers, as A A¹, between which the fue
chamber is situated and a boiler shell, as D, secured to the rear header, a set of
water and steam tubes, as c, connecting the tops of the headers and forming the top
of the fine chamber, two sets of water tubes, B B, connecting the lateral sides
of the headers and forming the sides of the fire chamber, a deflecting plate Q
secured to the top of the boiler shell 1) in front of the tubes e and extending
nearly to the water line, and a substantially horizontal perforated plate Q³ ex-
tending back above the water line from the lower edge of plate Q.
9 A boiler having fiont and rear headers, as A A¹, between which the flie
chamber is situated and a boiler shell, as 1), secured to the rear header, a set of
water and steam tubes, as c, connecting the tops of the headers and forming the
top of the fire chamber, two sets of water tubes, B B, connecting the lateral sides
of the headers and forming the sides of the fine chamber, a deflecting plate Q
secured to the top of the boiler shell D in front of the tubes and extending
nearly to the water line a substantially horizontal perforated plate Q³ extending
back above the water line from the lower edge of plate Q and swash plate Ų
secured across the boiler at the end of plate Q³,
10 A boiler having in combination front and rear headers, as A, between
which the fine chamber is situated, two or more steam and water diums connect-
ing the headers at top and forming or partly forming the top of the fire chamber,
one or more steam drums situated above the steam and water diums and each
connected with two of such drums, two sets of water tubes connecting the lateral
sides of the headers and forming or partly forming the sides of the fine chamber,
a boiler shell I) secured to the rear plate of the rear header and through the
said header in direct communication with the water tubes and conduits connect-
ing the headers, and fire tubes extending through said shell.
11. A boiler header, as A or A¹, having its font and rear walls united
at the edge through a filling piece against which edge flanges of the plates rest
and having said plates inwaidly dished at intervals, and the dished portions
secured together by vets passing through tubular stays
12. The combination with a header of a boiler tube, as B, expanded into
boiler sheets of said head and formed with slots B B opening into the header
and an open end B³, a cap, as R, for closing said open end, a hook S having
a jaw S for engaging the edge of slot B' and a screw connection between the
hook S and cap as described
13. The combination with a header of a boiler tube, as B, expanded into
boiler sheets of said head and formed with lots B' B¹ opening into the header
and an open end B³, a cap, as R, for closing said open end, a hook S having a
jaw S foi engaging the edge of a slot B', a second hook S pivotally connected
to hook S and adapted to engage the edge of the opposite slot B¹ and a screw
connection between the hook S and cap as described.

page_text: 14. The combination with a header of a boiler tube, as B, expanded into boiler
sheets of said head and formed with slots B¹ B¹ opening into the header and an
open end B³, a cap, as R, for closing said open end, a hook A having a jaw S
for engaging the edge of a slot B¹, a second hook S pivotally connected to hook S
and adapted to engage the edge of the opposite slot B¹, lugs S5 S projecting from 5
hook S, and a screw connection between the hook S and cap as described
Doto the 92nd day of Annat 1800
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, WC,
13, Temple Street, Bumingham, and 25, Cross Street, Manchester, Agents.

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