IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF WATERPROOF COATS OR GARMENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Marshall, of Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, Ireland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF WATERPROOF COATS OR GARMENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
DRESS."
Sealed the 9th May 1876, and dated the 12th November 1875.
•
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Marshall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1875.
I, THOMAS MARSHALL, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF COATS OR GARMENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES
OF DRESS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in waterproof coats or
garments and other articles of dress, whereby free respiration is obtained
in combination with a water-tight garment. For this purpose cords,
tubes, or ribs of india-rubber, silk, worsted, cotton, cork, or other

page_text: suitable material are introduced between the back, shoulders, and chest
of the wearer, and the inside of the back, shoulders, and chest of a coat
or garment.
The cords or tubes extend downwards from the base of the collar of a
coat or garment, being so arranged as to leave a space between each
cord at the base of the collar, the said cords gradually widening apart
downwards.
Eyelet holes are inserted in the back and fore part of the coat or
garment immediately beneath the base of the collar, being so placed as
to be between each of the cords, the said eyelet holes to be covered on
the outside by a collar or frill of same material as the coat, the said
collar to be inserted beneath the collar of the coat and to be so filled or
sprung as not to lay close on the eyelet holes.
The cords are attached to the coat by a covering of the same material
as the coat or other suitable material, the covering being fastened with
india-rubber solution so as to fit over the cords and down on to the back
of the coat or garment. But in case the coat is of single texture or
light fabric the cords may be sewn or otherwise attached to a lining of
thin porous tweed or other porous material between the lining and
inside of the coat, the lining to be attached by solution or otherwise
round the base of the collar and front and back and chest of the

page_text: Thirdly. The afore-mentioned cords, tubes, or ribs having been
attached to a lining of tweed or some thin or porous material (in afore-
mentioned order) the cords, tubes, or ribs are placed between the
aforesaid lining or material, and the inside of the back of the coat or
garment, the aforesaid lining being stitched, sewn, or attached to the
inside of the coat or garment by the edges only, so as to leave the lining
or material loose in all other respects.
The cords raise the coat from the back, shoulders, and chest of the
wearer, and thus afford a clear flue or channel for heated air to ascend
between the cords to cyclet holes whence it escapes. The collar,
which is inserted under the base of coat collar, prevents rain. from
entering eyclet holes, and thus affords perfect respiration for the body
combined with a thoroughly water-tight garment.
These improvements are applicable to every description of waterproof
garment, such as coats, cloaks, capes, vests, leggings, overalls, gaiters,
or other articles of dress.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Marshall in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
MARSHALL, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Marshall, Her special license,
that I, the said Thomas Marshall, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Marshall, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and

page_text: arranged as to be between the cords, ribs, or supports at the base of
the collar.
Eyelet holes or other perforations may also be inserted in the back
and fore part at various distances apart in the spaces between the said
cords, ribs, or supports, extending from the collar downwards to and
beneath the ends of the said cords, tubes, ribs, or supports, whether they
are continuous, connected, or otherwise.
The aforesaid holes or perforations are covered or protected on the
outside of the coat or garment by a covering of suitable material, the
said covering being advantageously lined or faced on the under side with
a glazed fabric, by which damp or moisture will be prevented from
being attracted to the said holes or perforations.
The parts in the immediate vicinity of the said holes are also faced in
like manner with a glazed fabric, the said coverings being so arranged,
fitted, or sprung as not to fit close on to or over the said holes.
The cords or other supports raise the garment or other article of dress
from the back, shoulders, and chest of the wearer, thus forming channels
or spaces which act as flues, up which heated air ascends between the
cords or other supports to the inside of collar whence it escapes.
The perforations or eyelet holes in the upper part of the garment also
allow another means of escape for heated air, the lower holes supplying
cold air which drives the heated air upwards to the inside of collar and
the holes or perforations above.
The aforesaid cords, ribs, or other supports may be attached to the
inside of a coat or garment by any of the hercin-after mentioned methods
or in any other suitable manner. They may be advantageously attached
by means of a covering of the same material as the coat or garment or
other suitable material, the said covering being fastened or attached by
india-rubber or any other suitable adhesive matter or cement, so as to
fit over the cords or ribs and down on to the inside of the coat or
garment. Or the aforesaid cords or ribs may be attached to the inside
of a coat or garment by being first sewn or otherwise attached to a
lining of porous material, the lining being attached by the edges only,
and in such a manner as to cause the cords, tubes, or ribs to be between
the said lining and the inside of the coat or garment.

page_text: According to another method the aforesaid tubes or ribs may also be
attached to the inside of a coat or garment by being first stitched,
woven into, or otherwise attached to a groundwork or lining of suitable
material, the edges of the said lining are then attached to the coat or
garment with india-rubber or other suitable cement or in any other
convenient manner.
The coats, garments, and other articles of dress may be made in
accordance with my improvements with the whole or any part only of
the appliances previously described for ventilating the same.
The improved method of ventilation is also applicable to every
description of airproof or waterproof garments, such as cloaks, capes,
vests, gaiters, leggings, overalls, and all other articles of dress, also to
india-rubber or other waterproof knee or driving rugs or covers.
And in order that my Invention may be clearly understood I
will procced to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed, which
illustrate one method of carrying out the same.
Figure 1 is an inside view of part of a waterproof coat or garment
showing one method of arranging and applying the ribs, cords, or projec-
tions in accordance with my Invention; and Figure 2 is an enlarged
section thereof.
a is the body of the coat or garment having cords or ribs b, b, attached
to the inside of the back part and extending downwards from the bend
of the collar d as previously described in order to form spaces between
the cords or ribs for ventilating the interior of the coat or garment;
c, c, are similar cords or ribs arranged so as to form spaces for ventilation 1
on the chest of the wearer.
If desired the heated air and exhalations from the body of the wearer
may escape or be discharged from the interior of the coat or garment by
holes or openings e, e, protected by a frill or cover on the outside of the
coat in order to afford free ventilation, or the two methods for the
cscape of the heated exhalations may be used in combination.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider

page_text: to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, forming
waterproof coats or garments and other articles of dress with channels
or spaces on the inner surfaces thereof for the free passage and escape
of air and vapour, substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before described and represented in the Drawings hereunto
annexed
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Marshall, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.