Improvements in and connected with the Rims of Wheels upon which Indiarubbr Tyres are used.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 21st Apr., 1893-Accepted, 27th May, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Rims of Wheels upon
which Indiarubbr Tyres are used.
I, JOHN BIRTWISLE, of Ellesmere Park, Eccles, Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Journalist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the metallic rims of wheels upon which indiarubber
tyres are used, and its object is to secure truly circular rims of exact diameter
without brazing, and at a moderate cost. It relates also to the method of and
means for the manufacture of such rims.
In proceeding according to this invention, I first produce or take rolled strips of
metal on which swells are produced by a depression in one or both of the rolls at
suitable distances apart. The distance apart of these swells or enlargements in the
metal of the strips equals the circumference of the future rim minus the amount of
extension which will be given to the strip in the processes of manufacturing the
rim. The strip is cut diagonally through each of the enlarged parts, into separate
lengths each of which will be used in the construction of a rim. Or I may roll
the strips with double swells having two inclined upper faces and cut them through
at the junction of the inclined faces. The ends are then laid together to form a
scarf weld and are welded by an electric arc or in the usual manner under a
pneumatic or other quick acting power hammer, the face of the hammer or tup,
and of the anvil being so constructed and arranged that no lateral extension of the
weld can take place.
The welded hoop thus formed is rolled cold to the section and diameter required.
In welding the hoop, I do not limit myself to any particular method or apparatus
but I prefer that the anvil should be capable of oscillatory motion around a pivot
immediately below the centre of impact of the hammer face. The welding is
effected in a suitably shaped groove on the anvil face, by a corresponding pro-
jection on the hammer face. The hammer face comes into contact with the anvil
face metal with metal, on each side of the groove and thus prevents lateral
spreading of the metal. The welding commences at one end, and during the
process, the anvil is moved forward around its pivot until the whole length of
the weld has been brought under the action of the hammer and the welded
portion corresponds with the remainder of the strip. The welded hoop is now a
little smaller in diameter than the complete rim is to be.
In rolling the hoop to the required section and diameter I may employ any
suitable arrangement of rolls, but at present I prefer to employ two vertical pairs
of rolls and an intermediate setting up roller. In this case the leading pair of
rolls may advantageously run at a slightly faster speed than the following rolls.
This arrangement tends to draw out the strip, and to polish the rim.
As the rim is rolled cold, it is easy to gauge it, and to stop the process so soon
as the correct diameter has been reached. Moreover, there is no danger of sub-
sequent damage or deformation of the rim.
Dated this 27th day of October A.D. 1988
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Rims of Wheels upon
which Indiarubber Tyres are used.
I, JOHN BIRTWISLE of Ellesmere Park, Eccles, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Journalist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be perforined, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the metallic rims of wheels upon which indiarubber
tyres are used, and its object is to ensure the construction of truly circular rims of
exact diameter without brazing and at a moderate cost. It also relates to the
method of and means for the manufacture of such rims.
In proceeding according to this invention I first produce or take rolled strips of
metal on which swells or enlargements are formed by a depression in one or both
of the rolls at suitable distances apart. The distance apart of these swells or
enlargements equals the circumference of the future rim minus the amount of
extension which will be given to the strip during the processes of manufacturing
the rim. The strip is cut diagonally through each of the enlarged parts, into
separate lengths each of which may be used in the construction of a rim. Or,
I may roll the strips with double swells, having two inclined upper faces and
cut them through at the junction of the inclined faces. The ends are then laid
together to form a scarf weld and may be heated by an electric arc welding
apparatus or by the usual apparatus and means, and are then drawn down under
a pneumatic or other quick acting hammer, the face of the hammer and that of the
anvil being so constructed and arranged that no lateral extension of the welded
part can take place.
The welded hoop thus formed is rolled or rolled and drawn cold to the section
and diameter required.
I will more particularly describe in what manner I may carry out my invention
with reference to the accompanying drawings. In these drawings,
Figure represents a side view of part of the strip from which I form my
improved rims ;
Figure 2 is a similar view with a modified form of the enlargement in the strip.
Figure 3 is a front view of the anvil and hammer which I may employ in making
the weld and drawing down the joint.
Figure 4 is a side view of the anvil and hammer shewn by Figure 3.
If the rolled strip be formed with a simple swell or enlargement B at the
requisite intervals, the part B is cut through diagonally as shewn by Figure 2,
where the dotted line indicates the direction of the cut. If it is formed with a
double swell as shewn by Figure 1 the strip is severed by a vertical cut passing
between the parts of the enlargement. The individual strips which have part of
the enlargement at each end, are bent to form a hoop and to bring the ends
together, so that they may be welded and the weld be drawn down to about the
section of the remainder of the strip.
This operation is conveniently performed by means of the anvil represented by
Figures 3 and 4. The anvil D is pivoted at E and has its working face D' formed
to a circular are having E for its centre. The dimensions and curvature of the
anvil may in each case be determined by the dimensions of the rim to be produced.
The upper face of the anvil and the face of the hammer F are formed to produce
the section of the strip A, and to prevent the lateral extension of the joint, as
shewn at G G Figure 4: The hammer employed may be of any suitable and
convenient kind, but should be sufficiently quick acting to draw down the joint at
one heat. Whilst the joint is being drawn down, the anvil is moved to and
fro upon its pivot so as to bring all parts of the enlargement equally under the
action of the hammer and to draw it down uniformly. The face of the hammer

page_text: is arranged to come into metallic contact with the face of the anvil on each
side of the groove G when making the blow, and thus the lateral extension of the
metal is prevented. The welded hoop is now a little smaller than the completed
rim is to be.
The hoop may be rolled or rolled and drawn to the required section and diameter
by any known or suitable arrangement but I prefer to employ two pairs of rolls
with which may be combined intermediate setting up rolls or blocks. In this case,
the leading pair of rolls may advantageously run at a slightly faster surface speed
than the following rolls. This arrangement tends both to draw out the rim and to
polish it. As the rim is rolled cold, it is easy to gauge it as the rolling proceeds
and to stop the process as soon as the correct diameter has been reached. Moreover
there is less danger of subsequent damage or deformation of the rim.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is-
1. As a new or improved article of manufacture a rim for a wheel upon which
an indiarubber tyre is to be used, constructed substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. In the construction of rims for indiarubber tyred wheels, rolling a strip of
metal with an enlargement or enlargements at the required intervals apart, cutting
the strip through each enlargement, bending the short lengths so formed into hoops
and welding them together, drawing down the weld to about the section of the
remainder of the strip, and finally rolling or rolling and drawing the hoops cold to
the section and diameter of the rim, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In apparatus for the manufacture of rims for indiarubber tyred wheels, a
pivoted anvil constructed arranged and operated substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 30th day of March A D 1893
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.