Improvements in and relating to Looms for Weaving.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Mar., 1890-Accepted, 10th May, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Looms for Weaving.
I, FRIEDRICH HERMANN WILKE, of 83 Athol Road, Bradford, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:
In order to weave simultaneously on one loom several different stuffs I have made
arrangements to divide the loom into several compartiments in each of which different
kinds of material can be woven. I have also added to each side of the loom a
partition into which a great part of the necessary apparatus of the loom is situated.
If, for instance it is necessary to weave in one loom four different pieces of materials
the loom must have six compartments. These compartments of the loom are formed
by bringing into it partitions which resemble in shape the outer walls of the frame.
All the sides of the frame are high and are connected with each other by traversers
or stays at the necessary points while other traversers connect the various looms if
more than one is required. By the covering of the upper and lower traversers two
distinct platforms are formed one being above the other. The principal purpose of
the upper platform is to form a floor for the weaver to stand upon whilst weaving.
In the lower compartment of the loon is a transmission shaft which is connected by
a belt with the driving pulley of the loom. There are also all the warp beams with
the warp material and the brake apparatus required for the warp beams; also the
brackets which carry a shaft on which the batten swings and the eccentric or eccentric
chain employed to raise and lower the shuttle boxes as well as the mechanism for
giving motion to the eccentric chain and for the motion of the shuttle driver.
The upper còmpartments contain the taking up rollers with the mechanism for
winding up the material as woven also the eccentrics for the motion of the heald
shafts when plain stuffs are woven and shaft machines for fancy goods with the
necessary rectangular levers in connection with toothed circular segment levers further
the shuttle slides and boxes and drivers; further the healds the driving shaft with
its pulley for putting the loom in motion and stopping it also the picking shaft the
picking arins or levers and two weft minding shafts which are connected with the
principal shaft by toothed wheels. All these latter mentioned appliances are in
connection with the weft minding apparatus and thus act also upon the stopping
nechanism. There are also other details of machinery in this compartment.
On this upper floor the weaver takes his place and from there he can serve the
loon perfectly well and confortably because he can see the working of the whole of
the machinery. In describing the details of the loom I commence with the warp
beaus of which there may be from one to four for each piece to be woven. These
beams are situated parallel to each other in special frames which are fastened hori-
zontally to the main frame. If for instance a loom is to produce four different
weavings where each requires four different warps and each warp a special beam then
the loom would have altogether sixteen warp beams which would all be situated in
the lower compartment of the loom. These beams are of the usual construction but
deviate in regard to the combination with the brake arrangements which deviation
consists in the fact that each warp beam flange carries a toothed rim in which other
wheels work which are placed loosely on a shaft whilst each of the latter wheels is
governed by a brake strap. The periphery is turned smooth on each brake wheel
and in the middle of it are secured from six to twelve studs.
Round the periphery
of the brake pulley is a double round band placed several times round in such a
manner that a loop sticks to one of the studs." The ends of the band are fastened to
a weight which can be inade still heavier by putting additional weight on to it. A
special combination takes place by fastening a cord into the loop of the band which
cord carries a small weight and is fastened to the end of a lever which is pivoted
LD

page_text: direct on the bearer of the warp beam. By this combination with the lever it is
ensured that the lever with the small weight fastened to the loop of the band by the
cord is constantly changed from one stud to another as the brake pulley turns. By
these means the failure of the unrolling or releasing of the loop of the band from any
of the studs is wholly avoided and therefore a perfectly safe weaving and regular
letting off of the warp is assured.
The warps are now led from their warp beams which are in the lower compartment
of the loom over glass guide rods to the upper compartment where they are again led
over other guide rods and are then drawn into the healds.
The healds with their lifting apparatus are of peculiar construction. The healds
have one upper stave and are weighted by lingoes attached below. Each heald stave
is manufactured from metal and is covered with a piece of thin soft cloth and the
upper part of the healds are similarly covered outside. The heald staves with healds
and heald covering are then placed into a protecting sheath of metal and are
fastened to it. The metal sheaths project beyond the staves at each end of the healds
and at their outermost points is a piece of metal in which a support consisting of
metal or wire is placed and by means of which the shafts are supported at each side.
The lower half healds are weighted by means of wire weights or lingoes such as are
usually used in jacquard weaving and which are suspended from them. The above
mentioned heald shaft supporting wires are pivoted to the levers of toothed circular
segments a set of two of the latter being joined with each other in the centre of the
width of the heald shaft and therefore each couple of these segments can give equal
movements to the healds inasmuch as to the left they are isolated on a pivot and
the others to the right are equally isolated on another pivot. The heald shafts in
whatever number required for the inaterial are connected through the above mentioned
supports on both sides with an equal number of segments in couples of which latter
one half are connected by rectangular levers to a rod connected to the shaft engine.
If for instance you want to weave four different sorts of goods with the loom the
shaft engine rods can also stand in connection with the rectangular levers of four
circular segment compartiments or with two circular segment compartments where
then the rods can move partly to the left and partly to the right side of the loom.
The latter will take place if the loom is supplied with two shaft engines or two shaft
eccentric systems which are then placed partly on the left and partly on the right
side of the loom. The rods are again connected on the opposite ends by means of
pivots with a number of circular segments the peripheries of which are grooved to
receive cords or chains which lead to corresponding shaft machine levers which are
lifted or lowered by the machine according to requirements this moveinent being
executed in the following peculiar manner :-
If for instance four sorts of goods are to be woven on one loom the loom is
supplied in addition to four compartiments in which the different kinds of goods are
to be woven on both sides with a compartment in which are placed the shaft machines
or shaft eccentric systems.
The shaft engines are constructed as follows:-A metal tube of rather large
diameter rests with both its ends on the left hand side of the loom frame and on the
other hand an equally large second tube rests on the right hand or other side of the
frame for the other shaft inachine. Each tube is smoothly bored inside and it has
parallel with its axis a wide groove cut in it equal in length to the width of the shaft
levers. On the opposite side of this tube is a small groove of equal length to that
previously mentioned. The shaft levers are formed with a circular portion which rest
in and nearly fill the tube. The arins of the levers protrude through the wide groove
in the tube in which they confortably move about for the up and down movements
of the shafts. The end of the levers which is situated opposite the circular portion
is bent a little lower down and in a pivot there is fastened a movable hook which is
placed with the catch at the top and the pulley at the bottom underneath the nose.
This hook has close to the pivot a little rectangular lever which is pressed upwards
by a spring the catch is therefore always pressed back and cannot come into contact
with the so-called knife frame, and therefore the shaft lever remains passive and

page_text: when the bottom frame of the shaft machine is lowered the shaft lever is also lowered.
If however the motion of the shaft lever is to work in the opposite direction the hook
on the shaft lever is pressed by a wire to the knife of the knife frame where the shaft
lever is lifted in accordance with the lifting of the knife frame; the lifting of the
knife frame as well as the lowering of the bottom frame is worked by eccentrics on
the driving shaft on which latter little rollers slide these being connected in the
middle to a couple of lifting levers. The latter have their pivots on one stud which is
in the back of the frame. The other two ends of these two levers are connected by
means of two rods with the knife frame and by means of two other rods with the
bottom frame, and therefore when the eccentrics are turned they give the intended
movements to the lifting levers. The wire which is placed in the shaft machine lever
and which moves the hook lies loosely in the centre where in consequence of the
extension of the spiral spring under the little hook lever the said wire is pushed back
and is therefore kept with its other end always in the middle of the round portion
of the lever. In order to be able to have for every weft an unlimited number of
shafts for the forming of one design the wires which rest in the middle of the shaft
levers are hinged to a shorter wire and this wire is hinged to a pivoted vertical lever
with arms of equal length there are as many of these movable pivoted levers as
there are shaft engine levers. The upper arms of the vertical levers are a little
widened on their extreme points for convenience of handling in case it is necessary
to move them by the hand. Immediately below this widening there is a stud standing
out prominently and the similar studs of all these lever arms form a horizontal row
which must exactly correspond with a row of holes in the card cylinder which is
placed in front of it. This card cylinder may have from four to eight surfaces upon
which are lying the well known sample cards in the jacquard machine and act upon.
the studs whether they remain active or passive. The cylinder rests with both its
round gudgeons in split bearings and receives its forward and backward motion by
two rods which are conducted from the cylinder gudgeons to two eccentrics on the
driving shaft and grasp the eccentrics by means of rings. The turning of the cylinder
takes place in the familiar manner at the moment when it has been taken away by
the rods from the studs. On each of the shaft machine levers which have their pivots
in the shaft machine tube there is on the lower side a long row of holes which are
bored into it according to the number of shafts and from a corresponding hole a
string or a chain is led to the rectangular levers already described which by means of
a rod move the circular segment levers up and down and the connected shaft supports
receive a similar movement and therefore also the heald shafts which are resting on
the shaft supports receive an equal movement for the binding of the designs of the
warps. If the warps are supposed to produce only simple ground bindings you use
instead of the shaft machine only the simple shaft lever eccentrics which regularly
lift the heald shafts in the following way -
In the shaft machine tube are placed shaft levers without hooked or nose ends
which can also be moved up and down they are however without moving wires. The
ends of the levers are connected by means of rods with counter levers which on
the other hand have their pivots on the back part of the frame and are provided in the
centre with rollers which slide up and down the shaft eccentrics which according to
the number of shafts are fastened together on a bush and which receive their turning
motion through a tooth or star wheel which is secured to the bush. The bush with
the eccentrics thereon can be placed on the driving or picking shaft. In the first case
the shaft levers are drawn through the counter levers, in the other case they are lifted
but in both cases they exercise an equal influence on the heald shafts because the shaft
levers are connected with the circular segment levers in the same manner as has been
described when speaking about the shaft machine. The eccentic noveinent inay be
executed according to the different patterns of material in two ways either by using
different sized toothed wheels or by exchanging the same for star wheels with corre-
sponding driving wheel compartments. All the rest of the construction of the heald
shafts and the movements of the shafts remain the same as in the shaft machine.
The batrens with their shuttle boxes and shuttles as well as the mechanism for the

page_text: movement of the shuttles are also of a peculiar construction. The shuttle which in
its width is pretty equal to the opening of the weft shed has a peculiar inside construc-
tion it almost fills the shed when passing through it and for this reason the shuttle
slides must be inanufactured correspondingly wide and as it is desirable to give to the
batten and the shuttle slides a very small circular motion the pivot of the batten is not
as is usual placed close to the floor upon which the weaver is standing but as far as
possible away from him and close to the bottom of the lower compartment of the loom
and therefore the batten supports upon which the batten swings are led through the
upper floor to the lower floor of the lower compartiment of the loom. Here the batten
swings are held by means of movable sockets in bearings which are placed in the inner
and outer frame of the loom. These sockets and the batten swings are bored through
and the holes thus bored serve for the reception of a revoluble shaft which moves the
shuttle boxes. In case the loom has to work with different sorts of shuttles at the
end of this shaft which rests in the swinging gudgeons is placed a bevel toothed wheel
which is geared to a second equally large bevel toothed wheel on a shaft which leads
from the lower compartment to the upper compartment and which receives its motion
from the picking shaft in the following manner :-
The driving shaft transfers half its speed to the picking shaft by toothed wheels one
to two and as there is fixed on the picking shaft in the outer loom compartment a
driving wheel with two drivers for the principal mechanisin and the driving wheel fits
into one four times divided star wheel after four rounds the star wheel has completed
a movement round its axis and consequently the shaft which is led through the pivots
of the batten swings receives an equal movement as both are connected with each other
through bevel toothed wheels of equal diameter. On the last named shaft there is
. either in one loom compartiment or in all the loom compartiments a wheel with four
periphery surfaces round which there is a chain upon the links of which are screwed
pulley eccentrics which are turned inside out and which according to their different
heights exercise different motions upon the shuttle boxes in the following manner :-
Below the wheel with the four periphery surfaces there is a horizontal lever with
roller which slides up and down on the chain eccentric. The pivot of this lever is
close to the floor of the lower compartment of the loom and the other end of this lever
is connected by a rod with a long lever above. This lever has its pivot on the frame
side and is loaded by a counter weight at the other end which overlaps. The other
longer arun of this lever is connected with a long rod which leads to the shuttle
changing boxes. By this means their falling or rising is worked quite according to
the eccentric of the chain. If all boxes of the looin receive their motion by the
eccentric chain all levers which are in connection with the rods and the shuttle changing
boxes have one shaft as pivot and the eccentric chain works equally well at the same
time through this shaft upon all levers and upon all shuttle changing boxes connected
therewith. If however the shuttle changing boxes work unconnected then a special
chain with screwed on eccentrics must be provided for every number of shuttle
changing boxes and all the necessary parts of the mechanism must be repeated in
the same manner as has been described in the first instance. If for each change of
the shuttle boxes it is necessary to have a little repeater the chain must be done away
with and wheels will be employed instead upon the pulleys to which are fastened the
different high eccentrics. The motion of the shuttle is brought about by the following
method:-
On each of the two outer sides of the frame of the loom in the upper compartment
there are levers which are supplied in the centre with rollers and with these rollers
the levers slide upon the two eccentrics which are either placed on the picking shaft
or are united by toothed wheels which receive by means of other toothed wheels their
motion from the driving shaft and are constructed for corresponding work according
to the necessary repeater. The ends of these levers are connected with a small pulley
by means of belts cords or bands which lead from the floor of the upper compart-
inent to the lower compartment. In this way the two levers alternately draw the
belts now to the left and then to the right and by the latter process the horizontal
shaft which is connected with the other mechanism is turned to the right and left.

page_text: On this shaft there is also a larger grooved wheel on which are fastened several cords
which go to the right and left and finally lead to the upper compartment to the shuttle
slides and the batten and each of these cords is further carried over a little guide
pulley and the ends of two cords are fastened to the shuttle driver in such a manner
that alternately the one cord draws the shuttle driver to the left and soon atter the
other cord draws the shuttle driver to the right. The shuttle driver consists of a
long thin staff which reaches over the whole loom and two of these shuttle drivers
are for each slide fastened parallel to each other. The business of the one is to move
the shuttle to the right and of the other to move the shuttle to the left a motion
which is repeated for the second shuttle slide. Each of these shuttle drivers is pro-
vided with tongues which consist of thin metal strips and which carry a little wheel.
The shuttle drivers are fastened in such a manner that they stand perfectly free in
their whole length and they therefore can drive into the open weft shed with perfect
ease and without touching the warps. Their length is equal to the width of the stuff
to be woven and there is to be added the length of the shuttle boxes themselves. If
the shuttle driver is drawn this length to one side a tongue drives the shuttle out of
the one box through the weft shed of the warp to the box standing opposite with
perfect safety. Whereupon the shuttle driver returns with all its tongues again into
its former position. There follows now the striking of the shuttle against the batten
and a new formation of warp sheds whereupon the same motion is being executed
from the opposite side through the shuttle driver working contrarily and therefore
from all the shuttle drivers in the loon. It is necessary to move the shuttles from
one side to the other by the mechanism described because at each beat of the loom all
shuttles have to cover an equally long distance at an equal speed and because all have
to be sent to rest at their respective destinations in order not to damage the warp.
The safe position of the shuttle is also required for the weft minder because the minder
weft stop motion does not as is usual touch the weft in its passage between the
shuttle boxes but in the shuttle itself. The shuttle therefore deviates in its form and
inner construction altogether from the construction and shape hitherto known and the
weft minder constructed for my loom is also altogether different. Stuffs which are
to be woven with two or three or four single threads in the weft should be very
regularly woven. In order to reach this perfection I divide the inside length of the
shuttle into so many partitions as there may be single weft threads. If for instance
the weft is to be of three single threads the shuttle will have three compartments and
in each of these compartments there is a bobbin with material movable on a spindle
and this bobbin is prevented from too quickly discharging the weft by a small
expanding spring. Each single thread is carried from the rolling bobbin over a little
glass rod which is parallel with the bobbin axis and above the bobbin to the front
end of the shuttle through a little ring which is placed in the middle of the compart-
ment. The thread is then drawn below through a perpendicular tube which reaches
the centre of the front end of the shuttle and on the right side of the compartment it
is also fastened to the front of the shuttle. The weft is thereupon drawn from above
to below through a second perpendicular tube which is equally fastened to the same
shuttle but on the left hand side and reaches from the centre of the shuttle to the
bottom of it where the weft so drawn through enters the weft shed. The tightened
weft is led through both tubes as described through a square opening in the front of
the shuttle between the two tubes. In consequence of the wide surface of the shuttle
its front projects and when it is led after striking against the batten to the weft
minder a light body such as a cork or metal leaf which is fastened to the weft
minder touches the weft which is drawn over the square opening in the side of the
shuttle by which means that light body presses the weft back and also the rectangular
lever with its perpendicular leg to which the cork is fastened is pressed back while
the horizontal leg of the rectangular lever is being lifted by its hook in consequence
of which the minding lever continues its motion through the eccentric lifter and the
picking shaftin the familiar manner, however the uplifted hook can not be caught by.
the weft minder and so the loom can work uninterruptedly.
The weft minder deviates still more from the usual form in so far as it does not..

page_text: consist of one but of several rectangular hooks, inasmuch as every single bobbin of
the shuttle must have such a rectangular hook. It the shuttle has three bobbins the
three rectangular hooks which are required are fastened together to one axle and
are turnable exactly opposite the three square openings in the shuttle side and this
axle is turned by a vertical lever which rests tightly on a horizontal shaft which runs
across the whole width of the loom. Similar levers are fastened for each stuff to be
woven to the right side of this shaft and if there is a failure of the weft in any bobbin
the shaft turns itself a little and lets go by means of a lever on the end of the shaft a
catch by which the expanded throw out lever is freed from its expansion and a pulley
which is connected with it brings about the stopping of the loom. In order to watch
the weft also on the other side to the left of the material to be woven there is under
the shaft already described another equally long shaft which does the same work as is
done by the other on the right side. The end lever on this second shaft works upon
the same catch if a loosening of the throw out lever should occur. The latter is placed
on a horizontal shaft which oscillates beneath the driving shaft and in right angle to
the latter in two bearings which are made in the side of the frame. At the same time
this cross shaft has a firm lever under the driving shaft the end of which lever runs
into a fork which moves forwards and backwards by means of a grooved throw out
coupling box on the driving shaft. This coupling box is connected by from three to
six small projections with an equal number of levers which are fastened with their
pivots to the centre of a pulley and in equal distances from each other lead to the
periphery of the pulley. The free standing ends of these levers are covered with
india-rubber by means of which the levers when entering the grooves place themselves
in hook like protuberances on the side of the pulley and thereby put the loom in
motion but if the mechanisin works in the opposite direction the loom is at once
brought to a standstill.
The movement of the batten is not produced directly by the driving shaft but by
toothed wheels which turn on studs tightly fastened to the frame and which gear into
wheels of equal size fastened to the driving shaft. Each of the first named toothed
wheels carries on a stud a friction roller which slides into the grooved slits of a
pedestal which is fastened on the back of each batten swing. By means of a regular
motion and turning of these two toothed wheels the batten receives a forward and
backward motion through one turning of the driving shaft and as the grooved slit is
circular for its greatest part the batten receives through it a longer rest while the
shuttles are carried through the weft sheds. The taking off and rolling up of the
material woven is done through two regulators. One of them leads the woven
material which has been brought from the breast beam to a round bean with rough
surface and takes it away. This beam with the rough surface is on the left gudgeon
the wheel of which is of wider diameter and is provided with ratchet teeth which are
actuated by several catches which have their support on the upper arm of the two
armed lever and this support finds its pivot on the gudgeon of this beam. The longer
and lower arm reaches over the picking shaft and is lifted by this shaft through the
eccentric. The catches come back and enter other ratchet teeth of the stop in order
to advance. If it should go back catches prevent it these catches having a firm
support on the sides of the frame of the loom. The back motion of this already
described lever is worked through a weight hung upon it which must be weighted
according to the material and its quality. The woven material after it has been led
from the rough beam is led over a second beam which is situated higher up and from
there to a third beam which takes its place under the two already mentioned. The
third beam like the second has a smooth surface and is there to receive the woven
material which by degrees is wound round by the regulator. This regulator consists
equally of a larger wheel with stops just as the one used for the first regulator and is
placed opposite the first regulator on the right side. The turning of the latter beam
and the winding of the goods is likewise worked by lever and stops by putting corre-
sponding weights so mentioned in connection with the first mentioned regulator
and the continual activity of the two regulators and the taking away beam and the
rolling up beam produces an excellent equal texture.
•

page_text: In order to improve the appearance of the fabric I propose to cover a portion of
the breast beam with a glass or metal surface roughened with small projections say
diamond shaped which act upon the fabric as it passes to the taking up roller.
Dated this 21st day of May 1889
H. B. BARLOW,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Looms for Weaving.
I, FRIEDRICH HERMANN WILKE, formerly of 83 Athol Road, Bradford, in the
County of York, and now residing at 1 Grosvenor Road, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this said invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In order to weave simultaneously on one loom several different fabrics I have divided
the loom into several compartiments in each of which different kinds of material can
be woven.
I have also added to each side of the loom a partition into which a great part
of the necessary apparatus of the loom is placed. If, for instance it is necessary
to weave in one loom four different fabrics the loom must have six compartiments.
These compartments of the loom are formed by bringing into it partitions which
resemble in shape the outer walls of the frame. All the sides of the frame are
high and are connected with each other by traverses or stays at the necessary
points while other traversers connect the various looms if more than one is required.
By the covering of the upper and lower traversers two distinct platforms are formed
one being above the other. The principal purpose of the upper platform is to form
a floor for the weaver to stand upon whilst weaving.
And in order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will describe the accompanying six Sheets of Drawings reference
being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
In the Drawings the six compartments are shown Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 formed by
a series of vertical frames a. These frames are connected by longitudinal stays b
and transverse stays c, the latter being also employed to connect a series or range
of looms together. The longitudinal and transverse stays b and c serve to support
a platform which forms a floor for the weaver to stand upon whilst weaving.
The lower room formed by the space below the platform contains the shafting
and pulleys from which notion is taken by bands to the driving pulleys of the
loom. There are also in this lower space all the warp bearns e with their warps,
and the necessary brake apparatus. Also the taking up rollers g with the ratchet
gearing and driving levers for winding up the material as woven and bearings
for the shaft i on which the rocking levers k of the lathe or batten are fulcrumed.
The upper room or space above the platform contains the upper framework which
carries all the regulating beams p of which there are four for each fabric to be woven,
as well as the levers q which actuate the taking up motion. Further the eccentrics
or tappets for the motion of the heald shafts when plain fabrics are being woven or
two shaft machines r for fancy goods and the bell crank levers & in connection with
the toothed segment levers t'; also the shuttle slides or ways v with their shuttle
boxes u and shuttle driver tongues w, also the heald shafts for the warp. Further
the main shaft a¹ with its driving pulley d and disengaging mechanism see Fig. 15,
the eccentric shaft b₁ driven from the main shaft by toothed wheels, the shuttle
driving lovers c¹ as also the shafts d¹ and e¹ which are in connection with.the
disengaging mechanism of the pulley d.
R
• For each fabric to be woven one to four warp beams e can be used which have
their bearings parallel and in special transverse stays fl. On each flange of each
warp beam is a spur wheal g! see Figs. 12 and 14 and these wheels g' gear with

page_text: pinions h¹ attached to brake pulleys . Each brake pulley is furnished in the
iniddle of its circumference with a rim having ratchet teeth with which a pawl
lever engages. Each pawl lever is pivoted on the girder n' and is loaded in the
middle with a weight and has besides two cords fastened to it which are wound
several times round the brake pulley in such a way that the rim with ratchet teeth
is between them and at the ends the cords are connected to a heavy weight m' the
weight of which can be suited to the fabric to be woven.
The object of the above described arrangement is, that as the warp is unwound
during weaving the warp beam e winds up the cords with the weight m' on the
pulley and the same proportion unwinds the other ends of the cords whereby the
pawl lever ' is lowered; as however the latter is pivoted on the fixed girder n¹ with
continued lowering the end of the pawl lever engaging the ratchet rim gradually
recedes from the latter until a point is arrived at where it is quite free, when the
weight m returns to its former position and the pawl lever again engages with
the ratchet teeth and the operation described will be repeated with such certainty that
a failure of the action is practically impossible.
All warps for this loon are preferably prepared by a special machine and are
led from their warp beams e over guide rods p' and o' to the healds in the
shafts z.
The heald shafts with their lifting mechanism are of special construction as the
former have only one upper stave and are weighted by lingoes attached below.
Each heald stave v³ is of metal covered with a piece of soft material upon which
the healds are threaded and a jacket of sheet metal v' incloses and protects the ends of
the healds. At both ends the shaft bar has on the under side small recesses q1 Fig. 11,
where it rests on the two shaft supports which are connected by pivots 'Figs. 9
and 10, with the ends of the toothed segment levers t¹. The levers t¹ are placed in
the four weaving divisions opposite to each other and oscillate on a bolt u' and each
of these divisions is provided with bell crank levers w¹ which are connected by rods 2¹
with the segment levers a² the latter being actuated by cords or chains 62 from the
levers c² of the shaft machine see Fig. 8, the motion of which is transmitted through
the connecting rods ¹ to the heald shaft supports r¹ and also to the shafts z.
The shaft machines consist of a stationary cylindrical tube d² attached to two of the
frames a in the right and left hand divisions of the loom.
In the tube 2 are fitted the circular recessed ends e² of the shaft levers c² which
actuate the healds; part of the metal of the tube d² is removed on the back side to
allow the levers c² to rise and fall and in the front there is a horizontal row of holes
for the reception of the wires g2 which are connected to hooks f2 pivoted on projections
of the levers c² and held in their normal positions by springs. The other ends of the
wires g³ are connected to the lower arms of the levers ³ which are pivoted on a fixed
horizontal bar, and on their upper arms carry pins 2 by means of which the levers h²
and so the hooks fare actuated by the pattern cards 82, Figs. 3, 4 and 6. The
pattern cards s² are moved to and from the pins 12 by means of the hexagonal card
roller o², Fig. 7, which is operated by connecting rods 2 from eccentrics on the main
shaft a. All the shaft levers c² lie between two pairs of arms m² of two frames the
longer sides of which are formed by stays 12 Fig. 7. The inner ends of the arms m²
are rounded and lie in the tube di similarly to the levers c² and the arins m² are
connected by rods to the main levers n² fulcrumed on the bar p². The main levers nº
carry bowls which run on eccentrics q² and r² on the main shaft whereby the two
shaft machine frames m² are simultaneously moved one up and one down which results
in the lowering and raising of the heald shafts for dividing the warp.
The lathe or batten k with its shuttle ways, shuttle boxes and shuttle drivers is also
of peculiar construction inasmuch as it rocks on a shaft i supported in bearings in the
basement instead ofat or about the level of the platform upon which the weaverstands-
whereby the lathe moves through an arc of a much larger circle. The shuttle ways
are constructed of sheet metal placed one above the other, the upper serving for the
first and third and the lower for the second and fourth fabrics. Each fabric requires

page_text: two shuttle boxes so that each shuttleway has four boxes and under each shuttleway
are two shuttle driver rods o, Figs. 3 and 4, and also Figs. 16 and 17, which are
moved backwards and forwards by means of the levers c¹ the cords m, cord pulleys n,
and the cords l. The eccentrics on the shaft 6¹ which operate the levers care so set
that when the lever on one side of the loon connected to the upper shuttle driver rod o
is raised, the lever c' on the opposite side of the loom connected to the same upper
shuttle driver is lowered and vice versa. The lower shuttle driver rod is similarly
arranged. During the first part of the revolution of the eccentric shaft b' the first or
upper shuttle driver rod o by means of its three shuttle driver tongues w will move
the two shuttles it controls say from left to right while during the second part of the
revolution of the eccentric shaft b' the second or lower shuttle driver rod o by means
of its three shuttle driver tongues w will move the two shuttles it controls from right
to left. Each shuttle driver rod o with its tongues win this way drives each shuttle
out from one shuttle box through the shed of the warp and into the opposite box:
then the shuttle driver rods o with their tongues w return to their initial positions
the lathe beats up and the warps change and new sheds are formed whereupon the
return throw of the shuttles is effected from the opposite side and a fresh pick of
weft put into the shed by means of the shuttle driver rods with their tongues w
working in the opposite direction.
As every shuttle is each time guided with perfect certainty from one box into the
opposite one by means of the shuttle driver tongues w it is possible to protect the
weft in the shuttle and this is effected in the following manner.
The shuttles are made much wider than hitherto customary and the weft is wound
upon reels with deep flanges. If the weft is single each shuttle receives one reel,
for double weft two reels, for treble weft three reels and so on. The thread from
each reel t2 Figs. 18 and 20, is first led over a glass rod u² to the front side of the
shuttle and passed through the central eye, thence through the tube on the right and
from thence through the tube v² on the left. In its passage from one tube to the
other the weft is made to lie stretched in front of the long rectangular opening w²
and the tension of the weft is constantly maintained by a reel brake consisting of
an angle plate and spring.
Each weft fork is a lever hooked at one end and bent downward at the other to
carry a light body, such as a piece of cork or thin sheet metal which as the weft
fork oscillates touches the weft and thus lifts its hooked end out of contact with the
disengaging mechanism. As many weft forks 22 are employed as there are reels in
the shuttle, in this case three weft forks and three reels are shown, all the weft forks 2²
moving with an oscillating lever x2, Fig. 19, connected to the disengaging or stop
motion. As the lathe has both an upper and a lower shuttleway two disengaging shafts
are necessary either of which stops the loom when any weft thread breaks or fails by
releasing a disengaging lever or spring handle a Figs. 1, 2 and 4 whereby a
horizontal cross shaft is moved and this motion is transmitted by a lever fixed upon
the cross shaft to a collar fitted in the groove of the sliding sleeve 6s Fig. 15. This
sleeve 6s has four pins c³ which are passed loosely through the disc keyed to the main
shaft a¹ and then in the inner space of a loose belt pulley d over it are connected by
studs with the double armed levers d³. The latter have their fulcra in the bearings es
and, if the sleeve 6³ is pushed in, the shorter arms of the levers d³ come into frictional
contact with the inner rim of the loose pulley d by which means the loom is slowly
started until the short arms of the levers d³ engage with the four projections f
Fig. 15 when the driving becomes positive. On the other hand on the release of the
sleeve b³ the loom is instantly stopped.
The lathe is not actuated directly from the main shaft as hitherto customary but a
toothed wheel g³ Fig. 1 fixed on the main shaft a' gears with a wheel /³ of equal
size, furnished with a crank pin on which is a bowl fitted in the curved slot of a
bracket which is attached to and so operates the rocking levers k of the lathe. In
consequence of the equal speed of the two wheels g³ and the lathe moves once
forward and backward during each revolution of the main shaft a' and the shape of

page_text: the groove in the bracket 3 being curved as shown the lathe receives a considerable
dwell or pause while the shuttles pass through the open sheds of the four fabrics
being woven.
ก
The taking up of each woven fabric is controlled by four regulator beams
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 12 and 13 which have a ratchet wheel alternately on the right or left
as the case may be. On the axis of each ratchet wheel is pivoted a double armed
lever q furnished with a pawl which engages the teeth of its ratchet wheel. The long
arms of the levers q bear upon or against sinall eccentrics or tappets / Fig. 12 and
are alternately actuated by the same, in consequence of which their pawls pro-
gressively gear with the ratchet teeth and so after a weft thread is thrown across the
shed and the lathe beats up the web is slackened by the impact of the lathe whereby
the corresponding weight m³ or n³ is enabled to pull down its lever arm q. The web
or woven fabric is taken from the first regulator beam p over the second, then round
the third and over the fourth and from the last the fabric is guided to the basement
or lower room where it is wound up by the taking up roller g. The surfaces of the
regulator beams p are roughened so as to prevent the fabric slipping and the taking
up is also effected by means of double armed levers in the manner above described,
only with this difference that the longer lever arm with its weight o³ is lifted by a
sinaller lever p³ Fig. 12.
In order that the fabric may lose its reedy or faulty appearance the bar or breast
beam over which it is first guided is furnished with a roughened roller Fig. 21,
whereby a constant polishing of the fabric is effected and the inequalities in both warp
and weft are removed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the saine is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Constructing and arranging a loom with upper and lower rooms or stories the
lower room being divided vertically into say six compartments containing the warp
beams and taking up rollers for the four fabrics being woven substantially as herein
set forth.
2. Constructing and arranging a loom with upper and lower rooms or stories the
upper room being divided vertically into say six compartments the weaving of the
four fabrics being effected in the central compartments which contain the regulator
beams p and a great part of the mechanisın being contained in the end compartments
substantially as herein set forth.
3. The arrangement of brake apparatus for the warp beams with counter weights
ratchet wheels and pawls substantially as herein shown and described.
4. The arrangement of heald shafts with protecting covers or jackets for the healds
substantially as herein described with reference particularly to Fig. 11.
5. The arrangement of the shaft levers c² fitted in the tube d and combined with
actuating mechanism for the healds substantially as herein shown and described.
6. The use and application of two shaft machines placed at opposite ends of the
loom to operate by means of toothed segments the healds for weaving all four fabrics
substantially as herein set forth.
7. A lathe or batten extending over say six compartments of the loom and
provided with double shuttleways and shuttle driver tongues actuated by cords and
pulleys substantially as and for the purposes specified.
8. The special construction of wide shuttles for carrying a flanged reel or reels of
weft, in combination with weft winding or stop mechanism substantially as herein
specified whereby on the failure of any weft thread the loom is stopped.
9. The construction and arrangement of parts constituting the improved fast and
loose friction driving pulley substantially as described with reference to Fig. 15.
10. The curved slot in the bracket is secured to the rocking levers k in combination
with the crank pin on the wheel h³ for the purpose of giving a longer dwell to the
lathe substantially as herein set forth.

page_text: 11. The arrangement of four regulator beams p actuated by levers and ratchet
mechanism for advancing each fabric as it is woven substantially as herein set.
forth.
.
12. The arrangement of roughened roller for polishing or removing reedy marks
or inequalities from the fabric substantially as described with reference to Fig. 21.
Dated this 21st day of March 1890.
H. B. BARLOW,
17, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agent for Applicant.