Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 8th Jan., 1889
I STEFANO CRAVOS of Collingdon Road Bute Docks Cardiff in the County of
Glamorgan Ship Repairer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the adoption of double swing-casements and external
blinds of the description known as "Louvres" hinged vertically and horizontally, and
constructed in the manner herein more fully to be described.
Sheet No. 1. of the drawings shews the window framing with the external Louvre
blinds.
These blinds are hinged vertically from the outer framing on opposite sides of the
main framing A by means of hinges upon which they may be hung or removed at
pleasure. These Louvre blinds may conveniently be in two or more sections or panels,
and it is intended that these panels shall either be fixtures in the swing frames B or
be hinged upon the middle bar C as shewn on the drawings.
These Louvres or laths which may be constructed of wood or metal are pivotted
into the sides of the panel D or the framing B, being constructed with a projecting
pivot at each end; and they are further connected each to each, by a strip of wood or
metal attached to the inner edges as shewn and marked E on the drawings. It is by
means of this wood or metal strip that the angle of inclination of all the laths may be
adjusted simultaneously and the passage of light be regulated at pleasure.
The panels D being hinged horizontally as shewn on the drawings, may be adjusted
to any desired angle of inclination, and may also be supported in such a position by
means of the wood or metal strut F, which being pivotted to the framing D has its
lower end supported on a rack inserted in the framing B.
These Louvres or blinds when shut, form tightfitting joints by taking into close
curved grooves and rabbets constructed as hereinafter to be described.
In place of the external Louvre blinds there may be hung an extra pair of swing
casements with hinged panels and glass panes, attached to the inner side of the main
framing A as shewn on Sheet No. 2. of the drawings.

page_text: These casements may also be provided with any number of swing panels, hinged
horizontally and similarly to that specified in respect of the Louvre blind panels;
such panels to stand at any desired angle of inclination, by means of a strut and
rack as described above.
The main framing A may be constructed of any required dimensions and of a
depth from front to back according to the thickness of the wall wherein it is to be
fixed. Upon this depth of framing A depends the amount of space between the two
sets of casements or Louvre blind and internal casements.
This space may be utilised in various ways, but it is intended more particularly to
contain a blind of the ordinary construction and known as the "roller" blind.
The cross section of casements on Sheet No. 2. of the drawings,, shews the
arrangement and construction of the grooves and rabbets designed with the idea of
preventing the passage of draught dust and water.
The main framing
is grooved at the points marked F¹ to receive the curved
projecting rabbets G of the casement frame.
The hinges are so arranged, that upon being shut, the projecting rabbets G take
into the grooves F1 and bearing tightly upon their surfaces throughout their entire
length form an air, dust, and waterproof joint.
The casements are also rabbetted on top and bottom edges as shewn on the
drawings, and the middle vertical or striking bars are double rabbetted as shewn
at H.
Upon being closed the casements and Louvre blinds, are securely fastened by means
of lengthened vertical bars, curved at each end horizontally and tightening around a
catch or spindle fixed in the framing A.
Dated this 20th day of Wahmia 1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Windows and Casements.
I STEFANO CRAVOS of Collingdon Road Bute Docks Cardiff in the County of
Glamorgan Ship Repairer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
It is intended that the drawings which accompanied the application for a Provisional
Protection (No. 3200 2nd March 88) be made use of in the present case, all letters
such as A. B. C &c. herein contained having reference to those marked on the
drawings.
This invention consists in the adoption of double swing casements and external
blinds, of the description known generally as "Louvres " hinged horizontally and
vertically and constructed in the manner herein more particularly to be described.
Sheet No. 1. of the drawings shews the window framing with the external swing
Louvre blinds.
These blinds are hinged vertically from the outer framing on opposite sides of the
main framing A by means of hinges upon which they may be hung or removed at
pleasure.
These "Louvres or blinds may conveniently be in two or more sections or panels,
and it is intended that these panels shall be either fixtures in the swing frames B, or
be hinged upon the middle bar C, as shown on the drawings. These "Louvres " or laths,
which may be constructed of wood or metal are pivotted into the sides of the panels D
or of the framing B, being constructed with a projecting pivot at each end; and
they are further connected each to each by a strip of wood or metal, attached to the
inner edges as shewn and marked E on the drawings. By means of this wood or
metal strip the angle of inclination of the laths may be adjusted simultaneously thus
regulating the passage of air and light at pleasure.
The panels D being hinged horizontally as shewn on the drawings may be adjusted
to any desired angle of inclination being supported in such a position by means
of a wood or metallic strut F, which being hinged or pivotted to the framing D has
its lower end supported by the grooves of a rack inserted in the framing B.
22
These Louvres or blinds when shut, form tight fitting joints, by taking into
close curved grooves and rabbets, constructed as hereinafter to be described.
In place of the external "Louvre" blinds, there may be hung an extra pair of
swing glazed casements having hinged panels; and attached to the main framing A
as shewn on sheet No. 2. of the drawings.
These casements may also be provided with any number of swing panels hinged
horizontally and similarly to that specified in respect of the "Louvre" blinds, such
panels to stand at any desired angle of inclination by means of a strut and rack as
described above.
The main framing A may be constructed of any required dimensions, and of a
depth from front to back according to the thickness of the walls wherein it is to

page_text: be fixed, and upon this depth of framing A depends the amount of space between the
two sets of swing casements or "Louvre" blind and internal casement. This space
may be utilised in various ways, but it is intended more particularly to contain a blind
of the ordinary construction, known as a "roller" blind.
The cross section of casement on sheet No. 2 of the drawings, shews the arrange-
ment and construction of the grooves and rabbets, designed with the idea of preventing
the passage of draught dust water etc.
The main framing A is grooved at the points marked F¹, to receive the curved
projecting rabbets G of the casement frame. The hinges are so arranged that upon
being shut the projecting rabbets G take into the grooves F and bearing tightly
upon their surfaces throughout their entire length form an air dust and waterproof
joint. The casements are also rabbeted on top and bottom edges as shewn on the
drawings and the middle vertical or striking bars are double rabbeted as shewn at H.
Upon being closed the casements and "Louvre" blinds are securely fastened by
means of lengthened vertical bars, rotating in sockets or ferrules the bars having
curved ends projecting at right angles and when in action tightening around catches
or spindles fixed in the framing A top and bottom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A window frame A having hooks hinges or other attachments on the external
and internal surfaces upon which to hang swing casements or Louvre blinds as
hercinbefore described.
22
2. A window on the frame A of which is to be hung casements and "Louvre
blinds forming a double casement window with an air space between having casements
and Louvre blinds the panes or panels of which are hinged horizontally to the main
casement frames such panes or panels being adjustable to any degree of opening also
an attachment for regulating the passage of light and air through the "Louvre"
blinds by a simultaneous adjustment of the laths thereof.
3. A window to the framing of which are hinged externally and internally swing
casements and "Louvre" blinds having adjustable panes or panels hinged horizontally
to the main casement frames, which casements being closed form an air dust and
waterproof joint throughout in so much as the curved projecting rabbet G enters or
takes into the curved groove F¹ substantially as herein described and shewn on the
drawings.
Dated this 1at do. of n
1000