IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIRCLE COMBS, GILL COMBS, GILLS, HACKLES, PORCUPINES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND OF THE STEEL PINS USED THEREIN."
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Walter Harding, of the Tower Works, Globe Road,
Leeds, in the County of York, Hackle, Gill, and Pin Manufacturer, for the
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
CIRCLE COMBS, GILL COMBS, GILLS, HACKLES, PORCUPINES, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND OF THE STEEL PINS USED THEREIN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Walter Harding
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1876.
THOMAS WALTER HARDING, of the Tower Works, Globe Road, Leeds, in the
County of York, Hackle, Gill, and Pin Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIRCLE COMBS, GILL COMBS, GILLS,
HACKLES, PORCUPINES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND OF THE STEEL PINS
USED THEREIN."
This Invention consists firstly in improvements in a self-acting machine for
double drilling circular combs, for which Letters Patent were granted to Thomas
Richards Harding and myself, No. 4178, dated December 2nd, 1875, and are as
follows:-
(1st). In screwing a fine thread on each end of the cam shaft and furnishing it
with nuts on each side of the cams so as to permit of their delicate adjustment.
(2nd). In the use of a clutch or catch box for the sudden starting or stopping of
the motion of the machine, and placing it in such position as to leave both ends of
the cam shaft free for the easy removal of the cams.
(3rd). In using a double-acting cam instead of the single cam and spring so that
in the punching process the punch is both forced in and withdrawn by the action
of the cam, which can also be used similarly in the drilling process.
(4). In making the working surfaces of the cams in plates or rings or parts of
rings, so that the same may be conveniently attached or removed from a cam plate
or holder.
(5). In the use for the drilling process of a series of cams used in succession, of
which the first cam has a slow rising step equal to the required depth of the
centering or first perforation, the second cam has a quick rising step equal to the
depth of the perforation of the first cam, and a slow rising step equal to the
Din 10 011

page_text: required depth of the second perforation, and so on, the last cam of the series
having a sufficient rise to carry its drill through the whole thickness of the comb.
(6). In the use of cams with a quick rising step to bring the drills up to their
work, and a slow rising step suitable to the depth of partial perforation required,
such cams being moved up by adjusting nuts after the row of holes has been drilled
to a given depth all round the circle so to take the place for certain kinds of work
of the succession of cams referred to in clause 5.
(7). In the use of an eccentric on the cam shaft in connection with an universal
joint motion on the connecting link for actuating the ratchet wheel so as to permit
the use of the eccentric, notwithstanding that the drills may be set at an angle with
the comb.
(8). In adapting to one of the drilling spindles an adjustable punching nozzle to
admit of punching back and front of the comb, the punches acting in different holes,
or in furnishing one of the drilling heads itself with suitable slide adjustments for a
like purpose.
(9). In improved methods for fixing the circles to the face plate. For this
purpose I use a strong metal ring screwed or otherwise secured to the face plate.
In dealing with circles (like those known as "Nobles") where the pins are set on
the inner side of the rim the metal rim is turned to such a size that the circle will
just fit it and rest against a very low flange or projection. The aforesaid metal
ring is provided with a number of set screws placed radially, by which an internal
grip is obtained sufficient to hold the circle without disturbing its true circular form.
Instead of screws notches may be cut in the ring, through which the circle may
be wedged internally; or again, the ring may be in two or more parts, which parts
may be tightened internally against the circle by wedges or screws.
In dealing with circles in which the pins are set on the outer edge or side of the
rim I use the strong metal ring with a bold flange or projection, and with a number
of radial screws which serve in this case only to mark a true inner surface, on
which the circle fits, being firmly held by screws or clamps against the flange.
My Invention consists further in apparatus by which I make the action of
existing "single drill circle machines" self-acting, an arrangement which is chiefly
useful for punching, but may also be used for certain kinds of drilling. A driving
shaft, fitted with a catch box or pulleys, is suitably mounted in bearings on the
machine, and carries two eccentrics, of which one actuates the ratchet arrangement
which gives the divisions of the circle plate, and the other acts on the lever which
moves the drilling or punching spindle. Instead of the eccentrics the shaft may be
fitted with cams, and may be prolonged so as to act similarly on a second drilling
or punching head placed in front of circle, but at the opposite end of the machine.
My Invention consists further in a machine for pressing or driving down the pins
into the drilled circles and other combs.
The machine consists of a driving shaft, from which, by means of an eccentric,
crank, or cam reciprocating motion is imparted to a slide or bar which carries a
suitable pressing tool, so as at each stroke to force down the pins into the comb a
given distance. Between each stroke the comb is moved forward by means of a
ratchet and wheels and rollers. The part of the comb which is under the action of
the pressing tool is firmly held by a suitable vice arrangement which is connected
with a cam on the driving shaft, so that after each stroke the vice jaws open to
permit of the circle or comb being moved on.
My Invention consists further in a self-acting machine for drilling porcupines or
other similar articles. One or more of the porcupines is or are mounted on a shaft,
and to each porcupine are adapted a pair of drilling heads, one on each side, of
which one drills the odd rows and the other the even rows. The drills are moved
in simultaneously on both sides by cams, which are actuated by the driving shaft of
the machine. A crank stud on the driving shaft acts on a ratchet to move on the
porcupine after each perforation of the drills. After each revolution of the
porcupine shaft a discharging snail actuates another ratchet to move on the por-
cupine end wise the required distance for the pitch of the holes.

page_text: My Invention consists further in improvements in the self-acting machine for
drilling "gills" (for which Letters Patent were granted to Thomas Richards Harding
and myself, bearing date 2 December 1875, No 4178), and also in several modifi-
cations of the machine to make it applicable to various kinds of work.
The improvements consist in adapting straightening rollers to the inlet side of
the machine, so as to permit the drilling of gill stocks continuously from the coil
of rolled brass, and the adapting to the outlet side of the machine of sawing
apparatus for dividing the drilled stock into required lengths. Further, in fixing
the drilling heads to a horizontal slide, so as to be able to adjust them laterally
without disturbing the position of the rollers.
The modified forms of the machine are as follows:-In cases where the move-
ment of the stock by the action of the rollers is not sufficiently accurate, I propose
to use a gripping jaw actuated by the dividing screw, and by which the stock is
drawn through the rollers, which in this case are not themselves actuated by the
dividing screw. When the gripping jaw has travelled the length of the screw it is
brought back by a lever or otherwise to act on another length of stocks. These
may be in separate lengths, or drawn continuously from the coil through straighten-
ing rollers as already indicated. The centering drills are double acting back and
front of the stock, and in conjunction with each pair of centering drills a single
acting perforating drill is used. The actuation of the drills and the spacing arrange-
ment may be the same as that described in the Specification of the Patent already
referred to, No. 4178, December 2nd 1875.
The next modification consists in using a long slide instead of the series of rollers,
and in which the stock, which may be in lengths or continuous from the coil, is
firmly held, the slide being actuated by the dividing screw for the required pitch.
This arrangement is very suitable for drilling and punching flat pinned gills. When
the slide has travelled the length of the screw it is brought back by a lever or other
suitable means to act on another length of stock. The action of the drilling heads
and spacing arrangement may be the same as that already referred to.
My Invention consists further in an improved machine for drilling square motion
combs, gill combs, machine hackles, and other similar articles. The comb to be
drilled is suitably mounted on a slide, so as to permit the use of double drilling
heads acting back and front of the comb. The drills are simultaneously acted on
by cams, and after each forward movement of the drills the dividing screw which
actuates the slide receives the required motion through the action of an eccentric or
cam and suitable ratchets. The machine is connected through a catch box or fast
and loose pulleys with the motive power, so as to make the drilling and punching
by the machine self-acting, and it is fitted with reversing apparatus which comes
into play when the slide has travelled the length of the rows of holes in the comb.
My Invention consists further in improved machinery and apparatus connected
with the manufacture of the steel pins used in the combs, gills, hackles, and other
similar articles.
(1st). In an improved machine for cutting off the pins after they have been ground.
The machine is fitted with a driving shaft and suitable pulley, and on which shaft
is an eccentric or cam which actuates the movable blade of a pair of shears. The
pulley is driven by power, and its motion is connected with the eccentric or cam on
driving shaft through a lever or treadle and a locking or friction apparatus, which
when the lever or treadle is worked permits the eccentric or cam shaft to make one
revolution, and then releases it till the lever is again applied. The pins are spread
by the attendant and placed between the blades, their points resting against a
gauge to regulate the length. At the moment of cutting the gauge is automatically
moved back to avoid damaging the points, and a suitable presser is applied to hold
the wires.
(2nd). In the application of forging machinery to the tapering or forging of hackle
and other pins, an operation which has hitherto been performed by hand forgers.
The machines I use are similar to those already used for forging screws, bolts,
spindles, flyers, and other articles, and consists mainly in a driving shaft fitted with

page_text: one or more eccentrics, which actuate at quick speed as many hammering or swaging
dies. To heat the wires to the necessary degree for forging I use a small furnace
instead of the ordinary smith's hearth. This furnace consists of a cast iron or
wrought-iron casing lined with fire-brick, and provided with suitable doors for
introducing the fuel and removing the ashes. A number of holes are made in the
case above the level of the grate to permit the introduction of the wires into the
fuel, while a lever and damper regulate the draft or blast. The heated wires are
first submitted to the action of a tapering hammer in the machine, the attendant
meantime revolving the wire in his fingers, and gradually moving it across the face
of the hammering die; the pin is thus roughly tapered, and is afterwards passed
under a succession of swaging hammers in the machine.
(3rd). In an improved apparatus for tempering pins, which consists of a furnace,
over which is mounted a couple of carriages moving on wheels, and carrying each
a tempering barrel which is made to rotate in suitable bearings. The motion of the
carriages enables the attendant to move the barrels on and off the fire as occasion
requires. The shafts of the barrels carry each a spur wheel, which when the shafts
are in position gears into pinions to which a constant motion is transmitted by belts
and pulleys. An arrangement of cone pulleys permits of the speed of rotation of
the barrels being varied.
(4th). In an improved machine for scouring or polishing the tempered pins. For
the purpose of this machine the pins are put up as at present into canvas packets.
The machine consists in a series of rollers placed parallel to each other, between and
above each pair of which a pin packet is placed, so that the motion of the rollers is
transmitted to the packets. Above each packet is what I call a pressing roller, to
distinguish it from the lower or supporting rollers; these latter run in fixed bearings
and are fitted with pinions which take into a rack to which a reciprocating motion
is imparted by a crank.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Walter Harding in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th March 1877.
THOMAS WALTER HARDING, of the Tower Works, Globe Road, Leeds, in
the County of York, Hackle, Gill, and Pin Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIRCLE COMBS, GILL COMBS, GILLS,
HACKLES, PORCUPINES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND OF THE STEEL PINS
USED THEREIN."
My Invention consists, firstly, in improvements on a self-acting machine for
double drilling circular combs, for which Letters Patent were granted to Thomas
Richards Harding and myself, A.D. 1875, Decr. 2nd, No. 4178.
In describing my improvements reference is inade to Sheet 1, where such parts of
the said machine are shewn as are necessary for the indication of the improvements,
which are as follow:-
(1st). In screwing a fine thread on each end of the cam shaft A, Figs. 1, 2, and
furnishing it with nuts B, B1, B2, B3, which are placed one on each side of each cam
C and C, so as to permit of their delicate adjustment.
(2nd). In the use of a clutch or catch box D for the sudden starting or stopping
of the motion of the machine; the clutch box communicates through the wheels E, E,
with the shaft A, and this arrangement leaves both ends of the said shaft A free for
the easy removal of the cams C and C¹.
(3rd). In using a double-acting cam C¹ instead of the single cam and spring, so
that in the punching process the punch is both forced in and withdrawn by the
action of the cam, which can also be similarly used in the drilling process. The
double cam C¹ is acting on the roller F in the forward movement, and on the roller G
in the backward movement.

page_text: (4th). In making the working surfaces of the cams in plates or rings or parts of
rings, so that the same may be conveniently attached or removed from a cam plate
or holder, as shewn at Figs. 1, 2, where C and C¹ is the cam ring, and C and C³
the cam plate or holder.
(5th). In the use for the drilling process of a series of cams in succession, shewn
in Fig. 3, Sheet 1, of which the first cam has a slow rising step equal to the required
depth of the centering or first perforation, as at a, Fig. 3; the second has a quick
rising step equal to the depth of the perforation of the first cam, as at b, and a slow
rising step equal to the depth of the second perforation, as at C, and so on, the last
cain of the series having a sufficient rise to carry its drill through the whole thick-
ness of the comb, as shewn at d.
(6th). In the use of cams with a quick rising step to bring the drills up to their
work, and a slow rising step suitable to the depth of partial perforation required, as
shewn at e and f, Fig. 4, such cams being moved up by adjusting nuts after the row
of holes has been drilled to a given depth all round the circle so as to take the place
for certain kinds of work of the succession of cams referred to in clause 5.
(7th). In the use of an eccentric H on the cam shaft A in connection with a
universal joint motion I on the connecting link J for actuating the ratchet wheel so
as to permit of the use of the eccentric, notwithstanding that the drills may be set
at an angle to the comb.
(8). In adapting to one of the drilling spindles an adjustable punching nozzle to
admit of punching back and front of the comb, the punches acting in different holes.
The adjustable nozzle is shewn at Fig. 5, Sheet 1. A, A, are steel dies holding the
punch by the pressure of the screws B, B, which also permits of the adjustment of
the punch to suit the pitch of the holes. One of the drilling heads itself may be
furnished with a suitable slide adjustment for a like purpose, as shewn in plan,
Fig. 6, Sheet 1.
<<
(9). In improved methods of fixing the circles to the face plate. For this purpose
I use a strong metal ring screwed or otherwise secured to the face plate, as shewn
at K, Fig. 2, Sheet 1. In dealing with circles (like those known as Nobles,")
where the pins are set on the inner side of the rim, the metal rim or ring is turned
to such a size that the circle will just fit it, as shewn at L, Fig. 2, Sheet 1, and
rest against a very low flange or projection; the aforesaid metal ring is provided
with a number of set screws L1, L2, &c., which are placed radially, and by which an
internal grip is obtained sufficient to hold the "circle" without disturbing its true
circular form.
Instead of the screws L1, L2, &c., notches may be cut in the ring, through which
the "circle" may be wedged internally, as shewn at M, M, Fig. 2, Sheet 1, or the
ring may be in two or more parts, as shewn at N, which parts are tightened
internally against the "circle" by the wedges g or the set screws h; or again, as in
Fig. 7, Sheet 1, where the ring is shewn in two parts (to a reduced scale) and jointed
together at L, and expanded by the conical headed screw m.
In dealing with circles in which the pins are set on the outer edge or side of the
rim I use the strong metal ring with a bold flange or projection, as shewn at K, K,
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, with a number of radial screws i, i, i, which serve in this case only
to mark a true inner surface on which the circle fits, being firmly held by the screws
jj,j, and clamps k, k, k, against the flange of the ring K.
"
My Invention consists further in apparatus by which I make the action of existing
single drill circle machines" self-acting, an arrangement which is chiefly useful for
punching, but may also be used for certain kinds of drilling, Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 2.
A driving shaft A, fitted with a catch box B and driving pulley B¹ (or pulleys) is
suitably mounted in bearings C, C, on the machine, and carries two eccentrics D
& D', of which D actuates the ratchet arrangement H, which gives the divisions
of the circle plate, and the other D¹ acts on the lever E, which moves thedrilling
or punching spindle F.
Instead of the eccentrics the shaft may be fitted with cams similar to those herein-
before described, and may be prolonged from the point A¹ so as to act similarly on a

page_text: "
second drilling or punching head or spindle G, placed in front of circle, but at the
opposite end of the machine.
My Invention consists further in a machine for pressing or driving down the pins
into the drilled circles and other combs. Fig. 1, Sheet 3, is a plan; Fig. 2 a side
view, and Fig. 3 a front view of the machine, in which A is the driving shaft, from
which by means of an eccentric B reciprocating motion is imparted through the
connecting rod C and the rocking lever D to the slide E, which carries the suitable
pressing tool F, so as at each stroke to force down the pins into the comb G
a given distance. Between each stroke the comb G is moved forward by means of a
pawl H and ratchet wheel H¹ in connection with the rollers H2 and H³, and actuated
through the connecting rod I from the crank stud J. The part of the comb which
is under the action of the pressing tool F is firmly held by a vice while the said
pressing tool is acting on the pins. K is the front jaw of the vice adjustable by the
screw L, and M is the back jaw of the vice, and is actuated by the cam P on the
driving shaft A, so that after each stroke of the pressing tool the jaw M is released
by the cam so as to permit of the circle or comb being moved on, when the cam P.
again acting on the jaw M brings it firmly up to its grip on the comb; N, O, are
the driving pulleys.
My Invention consists further in a self-acting machine for drilling "porcupines"
and other similar articles. Fig. 1, Sheet 4, is a plan; Fig. 2 a side view; Fig. 3
an end view, and Fig. 4 a sectional elevation of the machine; one or more of the
porcupines," as P and P¹, are mounted on a shaft A, and to each "porcupine"
are adapted a pair of drilling heads, B, B1, B2, and B³, one on each side, of which one
drills the odd rows and the other the even rows; the drills are forced in simul-
taneously on both sides by cams, C, C1, C2, and C³, which are mounted on the shafts
D and D', which are connected by the mitro wheels, E, E', E³, and E³, with the
driving shaft F of the machine; a crank stud G on the shaft D, acts on the ratchet
wheel H to move on the "porcupine" angularly after each perforation of the drills.
After each revolution of the porcupine shaft A a discharging snail I releases the
levers I¹ and 12; these, by the action of the weight I³ and pawl I actuate the
ratchet wheel J on the screw K., and thus move on the porcupine endwise the
required distance for the pitch of the holes. The holes may also be drilled in a
spiral form by placing the swivelling part L, which carries the bar M, at an angle or
inclined position with the axis of the porcupine shaft A, so that at each revolution
of the porcupine, and at the discharge of the snail I, the endwise motion of the slide
N and angular feed motion, the part O slides on the bar M, which by its inclined
position either accelerates or retards the angular movement of the porcupine at
each row of holes, and as the bar M can be inclined to both sides of the point zero,
either a right or left hand spiral can be formed as desired.
My Invention consists further in improvements in the self-acting machine for
drilling "gills," for which Letters Patent were granted to T..R. Harding and myself,
bearing date A.D). 1875, Decr. 2, No. 4178, and also in several modifications of the
machine to make it applicable to various kinds of work.
The improvements consist in adapting straightening rollers, A, A, A, A, Figs. 1
and 2, Sheet 5, to the inlet side of the inachine, so as to permit the drilling of
gill stocks continuously from the coil of rolled brass, and the adapting to the outlet
side of the machine of sawing apparatus for dividing the drilled stock into required
lengths; B, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, shews the saw, and c the lever through which the
pressure of the saw is applied to the work. Further, in fixing the drilling heads to
an horizontal slide D, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, so as to be able to adjust them laterally
without disturbing the position of the rollers E, E¹, to E7.
The modified forms of the machine are as follow:-In cases where the move-
ment of the stock by the action of the rollers is not sufficiently accurate, I propose
an arrangement shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, Sheet 6, where A is a gripping jaw,
actuated by the dividing screw B, and by which the stock C is drawn first through
the straightening rollers D, D, D, D, as herein-before described; then through the
rollers E, which in this case are not themselves actuated by the dividing screw.

page_text: When the gripping jaw A has travelled the length of the screw B, it is brought
back by a lever Fo, or otherwise, (the nut being first disengaged from the screw,) to
act on another length of the stocks. These may be in separate lengths, or drawn
continuously from the coil. The centering drills are double, F, F1, F2, F3, acting
back and front of the stock, and in conjunction with each pair of centering drills
a single perforating drill G and G₁ is used; the actuating of the drills and the
spacing arrangement may be the same as that described in the Specification already
referred to, A. D. 1875, Dec. 2, No. 4178.
The next modification will be best understood by reference to the Figs. 1, 2, 3,
Sheet C. Instead of the series of rollers E, and the gripping jaw A, I use a slide
with cramp jaws, such as are commonly used in hand gill drilling machines. The
stocks, which may be in lengths or continuous from a coil, are cramped firmly on
the aforesaid slide, which is actuated by the screw B. This arrangement is very
suitable for drilling and punching flat pinned gills. When the slide has been
traversed the length of the screw it is brought back by a lever or otherwise, as
shown at Fo, Figs. 1, 2, Sheet 6, to act on another length of stock.
The action of the drilling heads and spacing arrangement may be the same as that
already referred to, A. D. 1875, Dec. 2, No. 4178.
My Invention consists further in improved machinery and apparatus connected
with the manufacture of the steel pins used in the combs, gills, hackles, and other
similar articles.
(1). In an improved machine for cutting off the pins after they have been
ground.
Fig. 4, Sheet 6, is a front view, and Fig. 5 a side view of the machine. It is fitted
with a driving shaft A, having formed at one end an eccentric A¹ for giving a reci-
procating motion to the vertical shear slide B; on the outer end of said shaft A is
mounted and runs loosely the driving pulley C; close by this pulley is a grooved
boss D, which is fixed to the driving shaft A; and parallel with the axis of this boss
is inserted a sliding bolt E, shewn in plan in Fig. 6.
The machine is put in motion by raising the lever F by means of the treadle G
so far that the bolt E is free to move end wise by the action of the spiral spring H,
and take into the notch I in driving pulley. The lever F being allowed to take its
original position withdraws the bolt E when the eccentric shaft has made one
revolution. The vertical slide B carries the upper shear blade J of a pair of shears,
J being the fixed blade. The pins are spread by the attendant and placed between the
blades J and J, their points resting against the gauge K, to regulate their length
previous to the moment of cutting; an elastic pad or holder L presses gently on
the wires by being attached to the shear slide B, and holds them in position, and at
the same time the gauge K is automatically moved back by the projecting finger M
acting on the lever N, and thus prevents the damaging of the points.
(2). In the application of forging machinery to the tapering or forging of hackle
and other pins, an operation which has hitherto been performed by hand forgers;
the machine I use is similar to those already used, and well known by the name of
"Ryder's" machine for forging screws, bolts, spindles, flyers, and other articles.
As no novelty is claimed for the machine itself it will suffice to say that it consists
mainly in a driving shaft fitted with one or more eccentrics which actuate at quick
speed as many hammering or swaging dies. To heat the wires to the necessary
degree for forging, I use a small furnace instead of the ordinary smith's hearth.
This furnace is shewn in plan Fig. 1, Sheet 7. Fig. 2 is a side view, and Fig. 3 a
front view, and consists of an iron casing A lined with fire-brick B and provided
with a door C for introducing the fuel. A number of holes D, D, are made in the
casing above the level of the grate E for the introduction of the wires F into the
fuel while the lever G and damper H regulate the draught; it has a descending
flue I in connection with a chimney.
The heated wires are first submitted in the Ryder machine to the action of a
tapering hammer A, Fig. 4, Sheet 7, the attendant meantime revolving the wire in
his fingers and gradually moving it across the face of the hammering die, while at the

page_text: same time he draws the wire towards himself, so that whereas at its entrance
between the hammers or dies at their widest opening the root of the proposed
pin is acted on, by the time the wire has been rolled across the dies its point is
submitted to their action. The pin is thus roughly tapered, and is afterwards
passed under or between swaging dies or hammers B, B, Fig. 5, Sheet 7, which are a
furnished with several tapered grooves C, C, C. The first groove acts on the point
of the pin, the second on the middle part of it, and the third or largest on the
thickest part or root end of the pin; the number of grooves depends on the length of
the taper required.
(3). In an improved apparatus for tempering pins; it consists of a furnace. Fig. 6,
Sheet 7, is a side view; Fig. 7, an end view; Fig. 8, a partial side view shewing
the driving motion; and Fig. 9, a plan. A, A, are the grate bars; B, the fire-brick
walls, and C, C, are the descending flues connected with a chimney; D, D¹, are
carriages moving on wheels E over suitable ways F, F¹, and carry each a tempering
barrel G, G¹, and which are carried in the bearings H, H', and pulleys L. The
barrels are made of sheet iron or other suitable material, one end being open for
the introduction of the pins at G2, the other carrying the shafts K and K¹ A
number of spikes J are so fixed as to project inside the barrels to secure the moving
and mixing of the pins when the barrels are turned. The shafts K and K¹ of the
barrels carry each a spur wheel L and L', which when the shafts are in position
gear into pinions M, M¹, to which a constant motion is transmitted by belts N and
N¹ and pulleys O and 0¹. By means of the wheels E the attendant can move the
carriages D and D', and therefore bring the barrels more or less over the fire as
may be required, while by means of the dampers P and P¹ he may direct the heat
either to one barrel or the other.
"
(4). In an improved machine for scouring or polishing the tempered pins. For
the purpose of this machine the pins are put up as at present into canvas packets.
Fig. 1, Sheet 8, is a plan; Fig. 2, a side view; and Fig. 3, an end view with the
driving part removed. The machine consists of a series of rollers A placed parallel
to each other and working in bearings B. Each roller shaft carries a pinion C
which gears into the rack D. A reciprocating movement is imparted to the rack
D, and therefore to the rollers A, by the connecting rod E, the crank F, and the
driving" in connection therewith. Between and above each pair of the rollers A
a pin packet G is placed, so that the motion of the rollers is transmitted to the
packets. Above each packet is placed what is called a "pressing roller" H, to
distinguish it from the lower or supporting rollers A. These rollers H are carried
in frames I and are free to revolve on their axes. The frames I carry the weights
J and fit loosely in slides or grooves K in the principal framework of the machine,
so that their weight bears through the rollers H on the pin packets, and by the
pressure thus exerted on the packets during their reciprocating revolutions the
pins within them are rubbed against each other and polished.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I desire to have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the exact details shewn in the Drawings, as the same may obviously be modified
without departing from the distinctive characteristics of my Invention, as herein set
forth, and I claim,―
First. The arrangement, construction, combination of parts and method of action
of the machinery or apparatus herein-before described for drilling, punching,
pressing, cutting, and polishing.
Second. The following improvements in the machine for drilling circular combs,
Patented by Thomas Richards Harding and myself, under date A.D. 1875, Dec. 2,
No. 4178, many of which improvements, as for instance the cam arrangements, are
also applicable to the drilling of other kinds of combs, hackles, and other similar
articles.
(a.) The arrangement described for the adjustment of the cams.
(b.) The application of the clutch box in the manner described.

page_text: (d.) The use of rings or parts of rings or plates for the working surfaces of the
cams.
(e.) The series of cams in steps used in succession in the manner described.
The cam in steps described worked in conjunction with adjusting nuts as an
alternative arrangement to the preceding one.
(g.) The combination of the eccentric with the double swivel or universal joint
motion for actuating the dividing ratchet.
(h.) The adjustable punching nozzle described.
(i.) The various methods described for fixing the circles to the face plate.
Third. The arrangement described for making the action of existing hand
circle drilling and punching machines self acting with double drills or punches, both
working on the same face of the circle.
Fourth. The arrangement described for pressing the pins in circle combs, and for
gripping the circle during the operation.
Fifth. The arrangement described for the self-acting drilling of porcupines and
other similar articles.
Sixth. The following improvements and modifications in the machines for the
self-acting drillings of gills, Patented by Thomas Richards Harding and myself,
under date A.D. 1875, Dec. 2, No. 4178, viz.,-
(a.) The combination with the machine of straightening rollers at the inlet
and cutting arrangements at the outlet, to permit of drilling gills continuously
from the coil.
(b.) The lateral adjustments to the drilling heads to permit of their being
adjusted independently of the rollers.
(c.) The combination of the gripping jaw with the rollers for the moving of the
gill stock in the drilling process.
(d.) The combination of a slide (such as those already in use for hand machines)
with the self-acting arrangements instead of the feeding rollers.
Seventh. The arrangement described for cutting off the pins (with the exception
of the driving motion, which is already known).
Eighth. The application of already known forging machinery in combination with
the arrangement of dies described to the forging and tapering of pins.
Ninth. The arrangement of furnace described for heating the wires for the
process of forging.
Tenth. The arrangement of furnace, carriages, and barrels as described, for the
tempering of pins.
Eleventh. The arrangement described for the polishing of pins.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Walter Harding, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this 28th day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
T WALTER HARDING
(1.0)
T WALTER HARDING (IS)