IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING POWER WHEN FLUID PRESSURE IS EMPLOYED
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lieutenant-Colonel James Baker,
M.A., at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th June 1865.
I, Lieutenant-Colonel JAMES BAKEB, M.A., of Croft Lodge, Cambridge, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING POWER WHEN FLUID PRESSURE IS EMPLOYED," to be as
follows:-
=
'
Let C be a piston working in the cylinder A, B, with a stroke C, C¹. Let
the cylinder A, B, be connected by means of the pipe P and stop-cock h with
the cylinders E, D, F, H, G, K. Let the length of stroke C, C, E, D, and
let E, F, 2 E, D. Let the area of small cylinder H, G, K, = say 1 square
inch, and area of E, D, F, = 5 square inches, and let area of piston C = area
of E, D, F, area. H, G, K. Connect the cylinder A, B, with the cylinder
H, G, K, by means of the pipe O and stop-cock hat G in the cylinder
H, G, K, place the piston m having in it the valves V, V, opening downwards.
In the cylinder E, D, F, place the air-tight cover O, O; also in D, E, place
the piston d, d, below 0, 0, and at, the other end of the piston rod the air-
tight piston b, b. Let the length of the piston rod = D, E. Connect the
cylinder H, G; K, with the cylinder F, D, by means of an air pipe M, N,
entering F, D, just above the cover O, O. Let the piston rod of the small
piston m work air-tight through M, K. Let f be a heavy valve opening
inwards to be weighted as circumstances may direct. Let the machinery
worked by the piston C work a wheel and axle connected with the small
piston rod of piston m, and let it be so constructed that when C moves X,

page_text: feet m will rise 2 X feet. Repeat the whole of this machinery on the
opposite side of the main cylinder A, B. For argument sake, say that O, G,
is 16 feet high; now if the stop-cock h be opened and water be poured in at
Land L' (and the stop-cock h¹ be shut after the water has risen to E¹) until
it rise to the level G, N, G¹, there will be equilibrium in the machine and the
piston C will be at rest since the column L', O¹, creates an equal pressure
with the column L, O. Now shut the stop-cocks h and p, and upon the
pistons d, d, d, d, v, v, v, v, place heavy weights equal say to 20 lbs. on the
square inch. Now if the stop-cocks h, p', be opened, a pressure of 20 lbs. on
the square inch will be exerted on the piston C, and it will move forward
when the same pressure will be exerted at the stop-cock p¹, and the water
will flow into the cylinder H¹, G¹, K¹, with a force = 20 lbs. on the square
inch, and the valves v¹, v¹, will open. But as the water rises in the cylinder
H', G, K', it compresses the air between the cover o¹, o¹, and the piston b¹, b¹.
Now when the pressure downwards in cylinder K¹, G, H, 10 lbs., and the
pressure upwards on the piston 61, 61, = 10 lbs. on the square inch any addi-
tional pressure would lift the piston and weight d', d', W, W, and it would
rise and the water would flow into the cylinder E, D, (the stop-cock h¹ being
shut). It will be found by calculation that when the piston C has finished its
stroke at C¹ the piston d', d', will have risen about ths of its height, and the
water in the cylinder H¹, G, K', will have risen to a level F¹; but by this
time the piston v', vl, will have been lifted by the machinery to a level with F¹;
it is then allowed to exert its weight and will sink till it finds its level with the
piston d', d, at the level D¹, the stop-cocks h and p¹ are then shut and k¹ and p
opened, and the return motion takes place; as the pistons d', d', rise and
fall the air is emitted and admitted by the valves f, f. Now if piston d be
5 square inches, and m 1 square inch, piston C = 6 square inches, and if
they be weighted with 20 lbs. to the square inch, force exerted by piston C
is 120 lbs., but of this force we lose 10 lbs. on the square inch to raise the
piston d', d, 60 lbs. Also 40 lbs. in raising piston m to height = 60
+40 lbs. lost in working the machine 100 lbs., but' C moves 120 lbs.
... there is a gain of force of 20 lbs., deduct 3rds for friction = lbs,.
..a
cylinder of one square foot would give
40 X 144
3 X 6
..
=320 lbs. actual force