IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND MOULDING OR SHAPING OF GLASS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Warren, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Glass Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND MOULDING OR SHAPING OF GLASS."
Sealed the 27th May 1856, and dated the 15th December 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Warren at
'the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1855.
I, THOMAS WARREN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND MOULDING OR SHAPING OF GLASS."
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture and the moulding or shaping of
glass into various articles and for various purposes, according to a system
wherein, for certain uses, the melted glass or the "metal" is ladled or conveyed
in portable vessels from the melting pot or chamber to moulds for casting; and,
further, in moulding or casting pipes and other hollow articles, the internal
bore or capacity of the pipes or hollow articles is shaped or produced by the
of a collapsible core bar of a novel and peculiar form. Under these
improvements, the glass articles to be made are cast and produced precisely
after the manner pursued in casting iron; the shaping of the different articles
being effected entirely by merely pouring the melted glass in a sufficiently fluid
condition into a mould of the necessary form. The melted. glass is then
agency

page_text: removed from the melting pot or primary holder in ladles, each ladle being of
a capacity to suit the special articles to be cast. If several small or moderately
small articles are to be cast, the moulder can of course supply several moulds
consecutively from one ladleful of melted glass. The collapsable core bar, to
be used for forming the interior of hollow articles; may either be similar to the
apparatus already referred to in the Provisional Specification of an Invention
for which Mr. Warren has already made application for British Letters
Patent, on or about the Twenty-seventh day of November last past; or, as
is preferred, the core bars may be made according to another modification of
great simplicity and good effect. Such improved bars, which are used by
preference, consist of a central spindle, having attached to it by radial arms a
segmental piece of metal, forming a part of the moulding surface of the bar.
To each longitudinal side of this segmental piece there is hinged, or otherwise
loosely connected, another and similar segmental piece of metal in continuation
of the core cylinder. These two latter segments. embrace between their con-
tinuous edges a fourth and narrow segment, hinged on one side only to one of
the two segments just described. When the core bar is set up for casting,
this last-mentioned narrow segment is held out in position, to complete the
cylinder of the core, by a suitable. stay-piece abutting against the central
spindle, and in this condition the bar presents a smooth and regular moulding
surface over the whole or nearly the whole of its circumference.
This core bar is set up in the inside of the metal mould, opening in two
halves in the ordinary way, and when the casting is made the mould is opened,
and the stay being removed, the first segment of the bar's surface is folded
over, and this admits of all the rest of the segments being turned over upon
their hinges, when the bar may be at once removed preparatory to annealing
the casting whilst the latter is still very hot. Provision is made, by forming
the junction edges of the segments with suitable inclines, for allowing the
segments to fold up freely into a small space. The number of the segmental
pieces may obviously be varied at pleasure or to suit particular circumstances.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters, Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Warren in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the
12th June 1856...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
WARREN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Glass Manu- 3
facturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, 'in the year of' our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year, of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and: grant unto me, the said
Thomas. Warren, Her special license, that I, the said Thomas Warren, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I; the said Thomas
Warren, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully' might make, use; exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE AND MOULDING OR SHAPING OF GLASS," upon the condition (amongst others:)
that I, the said Thomas Warren, by an instrument in writing. under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention; and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Warren, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be perfornied,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
My said Invention relates to the manufacture and the moulding or shaping
of glass into. various articles and for various purposes, according to a system
wherein, for certain uses, the'melted glass or "metal" is ladled or conveyed in
portable vessels. from the melting pot or chamber to moulds for casting; and,
further, in moulding or casting pipes and other hollow articles, the internal
bore or capacity of the pipes or hollow articles is shaped or produced by the
agency of a collapsable core bar of a novel 'and peculiar form. Under these
improvements, the glass articles to be made are cast and produced precisely
after the manner pursued in casting iron, the shaping of the different articles
being effected entirely by merely pouring the melted glass in'a sufficiently
fluid condition into a mould of the necessary form. The melted glass is
removed from the melting pot or primary holder in ladles, each ladle being of
a capacity to suit the special articles to be cast. If several small or moderately
small articles are to be cast, the moulder can of course supply several moulds
consecutively from one ladleful of melted glass. The collapsable core bar, "to
be used for forming the interior of hollow articles, may either be similar to the

page_text: apparatus already referred to in the Specification of an Invention for which
I have already obtained British Letters Patent, bearing date on or about the
Twenty-seventh day of November last past; or, as is preferred, the core bars
may be made according to another modification of great simplicity and good
effect. Such improved bars, which are used by preference, consist of a central
spindle, having attached to it by radial arms a segmental piece of metal, form-
ing a part of the moulding surface of the bar. To each longitudinal side of this
segmental piece there is hinged, or otherwise loosely connected, another and
similar segmental piece of metal in continuation of the core cylinder. These
two latter segments embrace between their contiguous edges a fourth and
narrow segment, hinged on one side only to one of the two segments just
described. When the core bar is set up for casting, this last-mentioned narrow
segment is held out in position, to complete the cylinder of the core, by a
suitable stay piece abutting against the central spindle; and in this condition
the bar presents a smooth and regular moulding surface over the whole or
nearly the whole of its circumference. This core bar is set up in the inside
of the metal mould, opening in two halves or in three or more pieces in the
ordinary way, and when the casting is made the mould is opened, and the stay
being removed, the first segment of the bar's surface is folded over, and this
admits of all the rest of the segments being turned over upon their hinges,
when the bar may be at once removed, preparatory to annealing the casting
whilst the latter is still very hot. Provision is made, by forming the junction
edges of the segments with suitable inclines, for allowing the segments to fold
up freely into a small space.
The number of the segmental pieces may
obviously be varied at pleasure or to suit particular circumstances.
And in order that the portion of my said Invention relating to the use of
collapsable core bars in the moulding or shaping of glass may be properly
understood, I have hereunto appended, and shall now proceed to describe, a
Sheet of explanatory Drawings relating thereto.
The mould apparatus represented in the Drawings is such as is used for
shaping glass articles of the simplest form, such as plain cylinders or pipe
lengths, but it will be obvious that the same system of construction may be
carried out in the case of articles of various other forms.
Figure 1 on the Sheet of Drawings is an elevation, and Figure 2 is a plan,
of the external portion and base plate of a mould for shaping glass cylinders;
Figure 3 is an elevation, and Figure 4 is a plan, of one modification of
collapsable core bar, as constructed according to my Invention; Figure 5 is a
vertical section, and Figure 6 is a plan, of a collapsable core bar, slightly

page_text: modified in its details; Figure 7 is a partially sectioned elevation of the
complete mould, with the core bar in position; and Figure 8 is a plan of the
complete mould and core bar.
.
The improved core bar represented in Figures 3 and 4 consists of a central
spindle A, set up in a hole in the base plate B, upon which the mould rests,
and having attached to it by radial arms C, a segmental piece of metal D,
forming a part of the moulding surface of the bar. To each longitudinal side
of this segment D, there is hinged or otherwise loosely connected another
similar segment E, F, forming an additional portion of the cylindrical surface.
These two latter segments E, F, embrace between their contiguous edges a
fourth and narrow segment G, hinged on one side only to one, F, of the
segments E, F. The contiguous edges of the segments E and G are bevilled
to fit each other in such manner that the segment G can be turned inwards.
The segment G is connected by a link H to a lever. I, centred upon a pin
upon the side of the central spindle A. The lever I projects above the top of
the mould, and by shifting it the small segment G may either be pressed out
or drawn in. The drawing in of the segment G allows the segments E, F, to
fold together, so that the entire core bar can be easily removed from within
the hollow glass article which may be cast upon it. When the core bar is to
be prepared to receive the molten glass, the segments are pushed out to their
expanded positions against a raised rim J, cast upon the base plate B. When
the segments are expanded in this manner, the bar presents a smooth and
regular moulding surface over the whole or nearly the whole of its circum-
ference.
The core bar represented in Figures 5 and 6 is like that represented in
Figures 3 and 4, already described herein, in its main parts, and the same
letters of reference are used to indicate the corresponding details in both
cases, and also in the other Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
attached.
In the bar represented in Figures 5 and 6 the lever I is bowed in form to
allow it to pass over the central spindle A. The arms of the lever I are
centred on pins on each side of the spindle A, and the lever has attached to it
at or near its fulcrum, a bowed arm K, the whole acting as a bell-crank lever.
The arm K is connected by a link H to the small segment G, which is shifted
in or out by means of the lever I, in much the same manner as in the modifi-
cations previously described.
The external portions L of the moulds represented in Figures 1, 2, 7, and 8,
on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto attached, are composed in each case of
three segmental portions hinged together at M; and handles N are provided

page_text: for opening or closing the mould. When the core bar is expanded against
the raised rim, J, which corresponds to the thickness of the glass cylinder to
be cast, the outer portions L of the mould are placed round the core bar, as
shewn in Figures 7 and 8, and closed upon it up against the raised rim J,
which serves to determine the position of the outer portions of the mould with
the requisite accuracy.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my. said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
leviating from the principles or main features of my Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the system or mode of manufacturing articles of glass, by pursuing
the course adopted in casting articles in iron, that is to say, by taking the
melted glass from the melting pots in ladles, and pouring it in a sufficiently
fluid state into the moulds prepared to receive it, as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use in the manufacture of pipes, cylinders,
and other articles of glass, of collapsable core bars, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Warren, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of June, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-six.
THOMAS WARREN. (L.S.)