A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER TO VARIOUS KINDS OF MECHANISM, AND IN THE FRICTION CLUTCHES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Ninnes Paynter, of Waterloo Chambers, 1,
Temple Row West, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, for the Invention
of "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE
POWER TO VARIOUS KINDS OF MECHANISM, AND IN THE FRICTION CLUTCHES
CONNECTED THEREWITH." Partly a communication from William Henry Clark,
of Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Ninnes Paynter at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1878.
THOMAS NINNES PAYNTER, of Waterloo Chambers, 1, Temple Row West, Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING
AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER TO VARIOUS KINDS OF MECHANISM, AND IN THE
FRICTION CLUTCHES CONNECTED THEREWITH." Partly a communication from William
H. Clark, of Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States of America.
This Invention is an improvement upon the hydraulic cylinder, and consists of a
new or improved mode of obtaining and transmitting motive power to various
kinds of mechanism, and in the friction clutches connected therewith.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Ninnes Paynter at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1878.
THOMAS NINNES PAYNTER, of Waterloo Chambers, 1, Temple Row West, Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING
AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER TO VARIOUS KINDS OF MECHANISM, AND IN THE
FRICTION CLUTCHES CONNECTED THEREWITH." Partly a communication from William
H. Clark, of Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States of America.
This Invention is an improvement upon the hydraulic cylinder, and consists of a
new or improved mode of obtaining and transmitting motive power to various
kinds of mechanism, and in the friction clutches connected therewith.
Fig. 1 is a sectional view.
Fig. 2, a detail of cylinder.
Fig. 3, a bottom view of sliding sleeve.
Fig. 4, a friction clutch in elevation; Fig. 5, a sectional view of same.
I will now describe my Invention as applied to an hydraulic cylinder, although by
a slight modification the principle can be applied to steam.
The object of my Invention is to so contruct an hydraulic cylinder that the
movement of the water from the pipes or chest to the piston shall be as little as
possible, and to provide an improved valve.

page_text: secured in place in the usual manner; D is a cylinder (or sleeve) fitting with the
cylinder A; E is the piston which moves within the cylinder D.
The cylinder A is provided with openings F at the top, and G at the bottom, for
the passage of the water; it is also provided with similar openings, f, y, at the top,
and g, x, at the bottom, for the discharge of the water.
The cylinder or sleeve D, as it now stands, receives water at G, and discharges at
y and f; the cylinder D reciprocates and causes a double exhaust at y on the
induction side, and f on the eduction side; the parts in D on the eduction side take
water at G and F, and discharge through the same openings g, x, f, y, on the return of
the piston, thereby causing the same ports for a double purpose. I is the piston rod,
and moves within the sleeve or cylinder D; H, H, are chambers or pipos for the
inlet and outlet for the passage of the water; N is the inlet, and O the outlet for
the water.
In operation, the ports being in position represented in Fig. 1, water will flow
from the opening at the bottom into the cylinder D, just below the piston E, which
is now at its lowest point, and the pressure of the water will force the piston
up, at the same time the water in the cylinder D will be discharged as above
described.
When the piston E has nearly reached its highest point the sleeve D will
be carried up by means of a cam of the ordinary construction, closing the
openings G, y, f¹, and bringing the openings F at the top, and G, X, at the bottom
just in a position.
When G on the induction side is taking water, G' on the eduction side will be
closed; also when F on the induction side is taking water, f¹ is closed on the
eduction side; the piston in passing back and forth in the sleeve or cylinder D does
not pass over any parts as the cam mentioned moves, so that it makes a prolon-
gation of the stroke, for instance, between x, y, all of the water will flow out at O;
the cylinder A is so constructed as to discharge half or entirely round the cylinder
from the openings y, x, and discharging at Z, G. It will also be observed that the
water in passing to the cylinder D from H only travels the diameter of cylinder D,
thereby saving in friction; it also provides a balanced valve; as the pressure is equal
in all directions there is practically no wear or friction, and cuts off water without jar:
Fig. 4 and 5 represents the friction clutch; A, B, designates the spindles which
are journalled in the bearings; C, D, the spindle; A carries a pulley E, and has a
hemispherical cup F applied on one end. The spindle B has a hemispherical cup
also, F, on one end. When the two spindles, A, B, are in the position shown in
Drawings in full lines their axes coincide.
Between the two hemispherical cups F, F, is applied a ball G, which is preferably
made of india-rubber, although it may be made of any other clastic substance.
When the two cups are drawn in close contact with the ball G by the recoil of a
spring E, the spindles A, B, will rotate together, that is to say, motion. imparted
to one spindle will be transmitted to the other through the medium of the
ball G.
The advantages aimed at by this Invention are,-
-
First. In an bydraulic cylinder (or engine) the cylinders A, D, provided with
inlet openings, G, and outlet openings y, f', and X, G¹, with the passages round
the cylinder A. in combination with the passages for the inlet and outlet for the
water or steam as so applied.
Second. In the friction clutch the hemispherical cups F, F, in combination with
the spindles A, B, the same being actuated by the spring H; this clutch is applicable
to sewing machines and all kinds of light machinery wherein it is desired to have
a variable motion and to stop the motion of the shaft at pleasure.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Ninnes Paynter in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th September 1878.
THOMAS NINNES PAYNTER, of Waterloo Chambers, 1, Temple Row West, Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING
AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER TO VARIOUS KINDS OF MECHANISM, AND IN THE
FRICTION CLUTCHES CONNECTED THEREWITH." Partly a communication from William
Henry Clark, of Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States of America.
The said Invention is an improvement upon the hydraulic cylinder, and consists
of a new or improved mode of obtaining and transmitting motive power to various
kinds of mechanism, and in the friction clutches connected therewith. And in
order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed more
particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the Figures on
the explanatory Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, and letters marked thereon
(that is to say),
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the whole machine; Figure 2, a side view of
same; Figure 3, a plan.
Figure 4, a section of the sleeve; Figure 5, a plan of same.
Figure 6, a friction clutch in elevation; Figure 7, an enlarged section of part
of same.
In the Drawing A represents the cylinder, B, B, being the two heads thereof,
secured in their places in the usual manner; C is a cylinder (or sleeve) fitting and
moving within the cylinder; A, E, is the piston which moves within the sleeve;
C, D, is an opening in the casing which surrounds the sleeve C; P is the inlet, and
Qthe outlet for the water; R, the inlet pipe; S, the outlet pipe for samne ; T is the
piston rod; U, the connecting rod; V is the crank shaft; W, the eccentric; X, X,
X, X, the eccentric rod and connections; Y, Y, is the standard which supports the
whole machine; Z, Z, the cross head and guide blocks.
The cylinder A is provided with openings F at the top, and C at the bottom, on
the induction side for the passage of the water or steam; it is also provided with
similar openings H at the top, and I at the bottom, on the eduction side, for the
discharge of the water. Surrounding the sleeve C is a casing into which water is
discharged at N at the top, and O at the bottom, whence it passes through the
opening D into the eduction passage Q. The cylinder or sleeve C is provided with
openings or ports J at the top, and K at the bottom on the induction side, and L
at the top, and M at the bottom on the eduction side for the admission and dis-
charge of the water.
The ports in the sleeve C on the induction side take water at G and F, through
the ports K and J, and discharge through the ports J, K, L, M, as the piston moves,
thereby using the ports in the sleeve O for a double purpose. To effect this the
sleeve C is caused to reciprocate by means of the eccentric W (or a cam may be
employed of the ordinary construction).
In operation, the ports being in position represented in Fig. 1, the water will flow
into the cylinder or sleeve C, from the opening G, through the port K, just below
the piston E, which is now at its lowest point, and the pressure of the water or
steam will force the piston up; at the same time the water in the cylinder C will be
discharged through the ports J and L.
When the piston E has nearly reached its highest point the sleeve C will be
carried up by means of the eccentric or cam W, and its attachments X, X, which
are of the ordinary construction closing the openings G, H, N, and bringing the
port J into connection with F to receive water or steam on the top side of the
piston, and allowing that which is on the under side to pass through K into O, and
M into I, and thence into the outlet Q.
When G on the induction side is giving water underneath the piston I on the

page_text: eduction side is closed; also when F on the induction side is giving water to the
top of piston H on the eduction side is closed. The piston E is passing back and
forth in the cylinder or sleeve C does not pass over any ports as the eccentric W
already mentioned moves C, so that it makes a prolongation of the stroke. The
water which passes into N and O flows out at D. The cylinder A. is so constructed
as to discharge half or entirely round the cylinder from the casing before-mentioned
at D.
It will be observed that the water in passing to the cylinder C from F or G only
travels the upper part of the cylinder, thereby saving in friction; it also provides
a balanced valve; as the pressure is equal in all directions there is practically no
wear or friction, and the water or steam is cut off without jar.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is or may be performed, I would observe that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein given and shewn on the accompanying
Drawings, as various modifications may be made therein while retaining the
essential features of my said Invention; but what I claim as new and desire to be
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the new or
improved combination and arrangement of apparatus for obtaining and transmitting
motive power to various kinds of mechanism, and in the friction clutches con-
nected therewith, substantially as hercin-before described and shewn on the
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Ninnes Paynter, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
THOMAS KENDRICK.
THOMAS NINNES PAYNTER. (LS.)