IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES AND JARS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles William Graham, of Bishopsgate
Street Within, in the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES AND JARS."-A
communication
Sealed the 18th December 1852, and dated the 23rd October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles William
Graham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 23rd October 1852.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM GRAHAM, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES AND
JARS" to be as follows:-
A bottle or jar is formed of glass and blown in the usual manner
at the end of a tube until it approximates to the required size, and
it is then placed in a mould, in the neck of which a female screw is
formed. Air or other suitable fluid is then blown into the bottle, so
as to cause it to expand and fill the mould, and thus at the same time
to form a male screw on the neck of the bottle. The neck of the bottle
is then cut off close above the screw. The air is blown into the bottle
by means of a cylinder and piston, which is placed on the end of the
tube, and pressed down by hand or otherwise. By this means a

page_text: greater pressure of air is produced than can be obtained by blowing
with the mouth, and the glass is thus caused to enter every part of the
mould. The mould is made in two pieces, hinged together (or in a
greater number of pieces), and is furnished with a rest, which serves as
a support to the end of the blowing tube to enable it to resist the
pressure applied by the piston and cylinder at the other end of the tube.
Bottles and jars are thus manufactured with a screw on the exterior of
the neck or mouth for receiving a screw cap for closing the bottle or
jar. This mode of manufacturing bottles with a screw on the exterior
of the neck is not confined to glass, as bottles and jars of gutta percha
may also be formed in a similar manner, or the pressure on their
interior may be produced by water in lieu of air. Hot water may be
used to produce the pressure and expand the bottle or jar, and then
cold water may be introduced to displace the hot water and cool the
gutta percha, so as to fix it in the form it has received. The air or
other fluid may be introduced by means of the piston and cylinder
above described, or from a reservoir of any sort containing it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles William Graham in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHARLES WILLIAM GRAHAM, of Bishopsgate Street Within, in the City.
of London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of October, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, er heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Charles William Graham, Her special lienese that I,
the said Charles William Graham, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles William Graham, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during.

page_text: the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES AND JABS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles William Graham, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles William Graham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manuer
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawing, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):
The Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of bottles
and jars, with screws on the exterior of their necks or mouths. Figure 1,
is a plan, and Figure 2, is a vertical section of a mould of cast iron or
other suitable metal adapted for the manufacture of a bottle like that
shown in Figure 3. A, is the base of the mould, and B, B, are the
two sides of the mould hinged together by the pin C. The side pieces
B, have a female screw cut in them at b, b. Figure 4, is a section of a
cylinder and piston, which I employ to force air into the bottle as herein-
after mentioned. Figure 5, is an end view of the same; D, is the
cylinder, and E, is the piston, which is made of a cupped leather, or
piece of vulcanized caoutchouc, or other suitable flexible substance c,
fixed between the rings d, e, of thick leather or wood, or other rigid'or
comparatively rigid material. Nails 'or screws or rivets connect the
rings d, and e, together. The whole in the centre of the ring e, is of 'a
conical form, and a small hole is made through the centre of the cupped
piece.c. The wires or strings or chains F, F, are connected to the
piston E, and attached to a handle G. The cylinder D, is closed at
top and open at bottom, but a ring or stop is fixed at its lower end. to
prevent the piston from coming out of the cylinder. Figure 6, is a vieir,

page_text: on a smaller scale, of the pipe used for blowing the bottle, and the
mouth-piccef, of this pipe is made conical, so as to fit the hole in the
ring e, of the piston in Figure 4.
A quantity of glass is gathered on the end of the blowing-pipe,
Figure 6, and is blown by a workman in the usual manner until it
approximates to the required size. The glass still adhering to the pipe
is then introduced into the mould, and the two side pieces of the mould
are brought together or closed. The piston E, is drawn out to the stop
at the mouth of the cylinder by means of the handle G, and wires F, F,
and the cylinder is placed upon the blowing-pipe, so that the mouth-
piccef, enters the conical hole in the ring e, of the piston. The central,
part of the cupped piece e, serves as a packing between the mouth-
piece f, and the ring e, to prevent the escape of air. The workman
then forcibly depresses the cylinder D, thus driving the air contained in
it into the bottle, which is thus made to adapt itself to the mould and
to receive the thread of the screw round its neck or orifice; the pres-
sure which can be produced in this manner being much greater than
can be given by the lungs of the workman. The bottle thus produced
is shewn in section in the mould, Figure 2, and in clevation in
Figure 3. The lower end of the blowing-pipe is supported during the
operation of forcing in the air from the cylinder by resting on the
mouth of the mould, or by a support placed under its collar g, or under
a collor or stop at any convenient position upon it.
In lieu of employing the cylinder and piston, the blowing-pipe
may have a small globe or reservoir, full of compressed air, attached to
its side, and communicating with it by means of a stop-cock. The
bottle being introduced into the mould as before, the workman places
his thumb upon the opening of the mouth-piece f, and turns the cock,
so as to admit the compressed air into the bottle; or, in lieu of placing
his thumb upon the mouth-picco, another stop-cock may be employed
to close it; or a three-way cock may be employed both for closing the
pipe and admitting the compressed air. The compressed air may also
be supplied from a separate reservoir by means of a flexible tube, but I
consider the arrangements previously mentioned to be more convenient.
Jars of glass, with screws on their exterior, are manufactured in a

page_text: similar manner in moulds of the proper form, and having a female
screw formed within them. These bottles and jars are adapted for
being closed by screw caps screwed upon them.
Bottles and jars of gutta percha, with screws on the exterior of their
necks or orifices, may be manufactured in a similar manner by placing
a roughly shaped bottle or jar of gutta percha attached to a pipe in a
suitable metallic mould, and forcing air into it in manuer herein-before
described. The gutta percha must be brought to a sufficiently plastic
state by means of heat. Hot water may be forced in to produce the
pressure, instead of air, and then cold water may be introduced to
displace the hot water and to cool the gutta percha, so as to fix it in
the form which it has received. In this case the blowing-pipe is to be
made double, or with another pipe inclosed within it, so that the hot
or cold water may enter at one pipe and escape at the other.
Having now described the nature of the Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
do not claim generally the making of bottles and jars with screws on
the exterior of their necks or orifices; but what I claim as the Inven-
tion intended to be secured by the aforesaid Letters Patent is, the mode
or modes of manufacturing bottles and jars with screws on the exterior
of their necks or orifices in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles William Graham, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-three.
Witness,
CHARLES WILLIAM GRAHAM. (L.S.)
CHARLES COWPER,
20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane.