Improvements in Fire Places.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 27th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 29th Apr., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fire Places.
I, ROBERT JEWELL, of 9 Victoria Road, Battersea Park, Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention has for its object to effect the more or less perfect combustion of
the smoke and combustible gases that ordinarily escape unconsumed up the chimney
flue from a fire grate.
For this purpose I construct within the fire grate a vertical chamber, closed at
its upper end and provided with perforations at its sides, which are surrounded by
the incandescent fuel in the grate. The lower end of this chamber, which may
extend downwards below the bottom of the grate to the hearth or ash pit, is con-
nected by a flue or tube passing up behind the back of the grate and opening into a
hood situated over the top of the fire grate.
By this arrangement the highly heated column of rarefied air and gases within
the chamber will induce a strong downward draft in the flue or tube communicating
with its lower end, whereby the smoke and combustible gases given off at the top of
the fire and issuing into the hood will be effectually drawn down the flue or tube
together with a certain quantity of air, an in becoming highly heated on passing
up through the heated chamber will be effectually burnt both in the chamber
itself and on issuing from the same into the surrounding incandescent fuel.
The gases resulting from the perfect combustion thus effected rise up to an
opening into the chimney flue formed at the front edge of the hood. In order to
facilitate the separation of these gases from the smoke and combustible gases that
are required to pass into the hood and down-flue, the fresh fuel should always be
introduced at the back part of the fire-place.
The opening into the down-flue may either be one large aperture, or it may
consist of a number of small slits or other openings or perforations formed in the
surface of the hood, which is by preference made with a bright surface for reflecting
the heat.
To prevent loss of heat by radiation, the back surface of the hood, as also the
exposed surfaces of the down flue are by preference coated with a suitable bad con-
ductor of heat such as slag-wool, asbestos, cement &c.
The hood may be arranged to turn on a horizontal axis, so as, when required, to
be turned down in front of the fire to act as a blower, leaving a direct communica-
tion with the chimney flue at the back.
Dated this 29th day of January 1890.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fire Places.
I, ROBERT JEWELL, of 9, Victoria Road, Battersea Park, Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention has for its object to effect the more or less perfect combustion of
the smoke and combustible gases that ordinarily escape unconsumed up the chimney
flue from a fire orate

page_text: its
спаност
upper end and provided with perforations at its sides, which are surrounded by
the incandescent fuel in the grate. The lower end of this chamber, which may
extend downwards below the bottom of the grate to the hearth or ash pit, is con
nected by a flue or tube passing up behind the back of the grate and opening into
a hood situated over the top of the fire grate.
By this arrangement the highly heated column of rarefied air and gases within
the chamber will induce a strong downward draft in the flue or tube communicating
with its lower end, whereby the smoke and combustible gases given off at the top
of the fire and issuing into the hood will be effectually drawn down the flue or tube
together with a certain quantity of air, and in becoming highly heated on passing
up through the heated chamber will be effectually burnt both in the chamber itself
and on issuing from the same into the surrounding incandescent fuel.
The gases resulting from the perfect combustion thus effected rise up to an
opening into the chimney flue formed at the front edge of the hood.
In order to facilitate the separation of these gases from the smoke and com-
bustible gases that are required to pass into the hood and down-flue, the fresh fuel
should always be introduced at the back part of the fire place.
The opening into the down-flue may either be one large aperture, or it may
consist of a number of small slits or other openings or perforations formed in the
surface of the hood, which is by preference made with a bright surface for reflecting
the heat.
To prevent loss of heat by radiation, the back surface of the hood, as also the
exposed surfaces of the down flue may be coated with a suitable bad conductor of
heat such as slag-wool, asbestos, cement &c.
The hood may be arranged to turn on a horizontal axis, so as, when required, to
be turned down in front of the fire to act as a blower, leaving a direct communica-
tion with the chimney flue at the back.
On the accompanying drawing is shewn the construction of my before described
domestic fire-grate which I prefer to employ.
Fig. 1 shews a front elevation,
Fig. 2 a vertical transverse section and
Fig. 3 a sectional plan.
The fire grate A, which may be of any desired construction as regards the shape
and arrangement of the fire bars, has projecting from the middle of its back a
chamber B.
This chamber is by preference made to taper downwards somewhat, as shewn,
and is constructed of a number of thin bars bb placed in close contiguity to each
other so as to leave only very narrow spaces between them, the top being closed by
a plate 1. From the lower end of this chamber a passage C extends up the
back D of the fire place, which is by preference made of fire clay or other suitable
bad conductor of heat. At the upper end the flue curves over to the front face of
the back D and terminates in a flat wide mouth C¹ presented downwards near to the
top of the fire grate. The latter is by preference also provided with solid sides E
and the whole fireplace is made moveable within the ordinary chimney recess F,
the top G of the fireplace being curved over as shewn.
On lighting a fire in the grate, the chamber B being empty, a column of hot
rarefied air is produced in such chamber, which column, in ascending, creates a
downward draught through the flue C', in consequence of which the gases and
smoke given off at the top of the fire will be drawn into the mouth C₁ of the flue
together with air and in descending will pass into the highly heated chamber, B,
where the smoke and combustible gases will become consumed by being brought
into intimate contact with the air mixed therewith in the presence of high heat,
and also by passing out through the narrow spaces between the bars into the
surrounding incandescent fuel.
Should it be found necessary to provide for a greater supply of air to the smoke and
gases for effecting their complete combustion, this may be effected by providing at

page_text: each side of the fireplace an air flue H H open at the front, where they are provided
with a regulating valve H, and connected at their lower ends with the flue C.
In order to enable any deposit of ashes &c. to be removed that may collect in the
lower bend of the flue C, this is formed with a hinged door C³ closed by a suitable
fastening.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
Constructing fire places with an inner chamber which is surrounded by the
incandescent fuel and from the lower end of which a flue leads up the back of the
fire place and terminates in a downward directed opening in front of the same, so
that on a fire being lighted, the heated column of air and gases ascending inside
the chamber will produce a downward draught through the flue causing the smoke
and gases to be drawn downward into the said chamber, within which their com-
bustion is effected substantially as described.
Dated this 19th day of November 1890.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.