Improvements in Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles, and other Clay Goods.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 18th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 24th Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles, and other Clay
Goods.
I, EDWIN PALMER LEE, of 29 The Parade, Tredegarville, Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorgan, Brick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
This invention relates to the manufacture of bricks, tiles and other clay goods, and
consists in improvements in and relating to kilns employed for burning the said goods.
This invention is applicable to "up-draught" and "down-draught" kilns.
One improvement comprised in this invention consists in the provision of a
culvert or flue common to a series of two or more kilns, the communication between
the flue or culvert and any kiln or kilns in the series being controlled at will.
By this provision the otherwise waste heat from any kiln or kilns in which goods
are being burnt," or having been burnt are cooling, is, instead of being discharged
into the atmosphere, directed into any other kilu or kilns of the series for the purpose
of "steaming or drying goods therein preparatory to burning the same.
Economy in fuel and labour is accordingly effected.
A second improvement, constituting part of this invention, consists in the arrange-
ment of flues in the kilns.
According to this invention the main flue in each kiln, instead of being closed at
one end, is connected to and communicates with the flue or culvert aforesaid, a suitable
damper or dampers being provided to control the communication.
By means of the use of the said damper or dampers the heated air from the outside
flue or culvert is directed to pass upwards through the perforations or apertures in the
floor of the kiln and thence through the goods towards the crown of the kiln.
By the heated air thus ascending the goods are freed from moisture, the steam
being carried off through flues provided between the fire pockets.
These latter flues communicate with other flues provided with dampers and com-
municating with the main or master flue leading to the stack.
In virtue of the foregoing system of flues and dampers the direction, distribution
and intensity of the heat in the kilns are under more complete control.
D
1
1 1000
NICHOLAS WATTS,
Bristol Bank Buildings, Bristol, Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles, and other Clay
Goods.
I, EDWIN PALMER LEE, of 29 The Parade, Tredegarville, Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorgan, Brick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of bricks, tiles and other clay goods and
consists in improvements in and relating to kilns for burning the said goods.
One improvement constituting part of this invention and combined therein with the
second part hereinafter described consists in the provision of a culvert or flue common
to a series of two or more kilns, the communication between the said culvert or flue
and any
kiln or kilns in the series being established or cut off at will by means of
By this provision the otherwise waste heat from any kiln or kilns in which goods
are being burnt," or are cooling after having been burnt, is, instead of being
dampers.

page_text: discharged into the atmosphere, directed into any other kiln or kilns of the series for
the purpose of "steaming" or drying off goods set therein and raising them to a
vory high degree of temperature preparatory to burning the same. Economy in fuel
and labour is accordingly effected.
The second improvement constituting part of this invention and above referred to
as combined therein with the first part consists in the arrangement of and control of
communication in the flues in the kilns. The main flue in each kiln, that is to say,
the flue by which communication is established with the above mentioned calvert or
flue, is arranged to direct the hot air admitted from the culvert so that it passes
upwards through the perforations or open spaces in the floor of the kiln. Thence the
heated air ascends through the goods to the crown of the kiln. Tho steam evolved
from the goods passes off through flues provided between the fire pockets. These
latter flnes communicate with other flues provided with dampers and opening into the
master flue leading to the stack.
By this arrangement of flues and dampers the direction of the hot air is under more
complete control and the distribution and intensity of the heat are under better
regulation.
Referring to the accompanying sheets of illustrative drawings,
Fig. 1 represents a plan, partly sectional, of a series or battery of four kilns a con-
structed and arranged in accordance with my invention.
Fig. 2 represonts a side elevation.
Fig. 3 an end elevation, and
Fig. 4 a sectional plan of one kiln drawn to a larger scale than Fig. 1.
C
The main flue in each kiln communicates at one end with an external culvert or
flue c.
Communication between the kilns and the culvert is governed by dampers d.
Accordingly, the surplus heated air and fumes, hitherto discharged into the
atmosphere, are, by the provision of the culvert e and dampers d, capable of being
directed from any kiln or kilns in which goods are being burnt, or are cooling after
baving been burnt, into any other selected kiln or kilns of the series or battery for the
purpose of drying off, or, as it is technically termed, "steaming" and bringing to a
high degree of temperature goods set therein preparatory to burning the same.
Economy in fuel, time and labour is thus effected. The heated air and fumes admitted
from the culvert e to any kiln or kilns for steaming the goods therein are delivered in
the kiln or kilns by the flues at the bottom, and "passing upwards through the usual
perforations or open spaces in the floor they ascend through the goods to the crown
of the kiln or kilns. The goods are thus dried off from the bottom upwards and
liability to crushing the goods in process of drying off is thereby reduced.
The steam evolved from the goods in process of drying off or steaming is carried off
through the flues e between the fire pockets. The Aues e communicate with the
Blues which discharge into the master flue / leading to the chimney stack. The
communication between the flues y and the master flue his governed by the dampers i,
Figs. 1 and 4, which are open in any kiln or kilns in which goods are being steamed
or dried off.
Dampers control communication between the master flue and the flues of the
kilns.
My invention is applicable not only to rectangular and square kilns, but also to
round or circular kilns. In the Provisional Specification left with my application for
Letters Patent to this invention, the culvert common to a series of kilns is described
as a separate feature from the arrangement of the flues referred to in the said
Provisional Specification as a feature apart. I desire, however, to have it understood
that do not claim as novel the use of the culvert as apart from the arrangement of
Kiln flues but what I claim is the combination of these features as set forth below.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what 1
claim is :-
In the manufacture of bricks, tiles and other clay goods, the combination of a

page_text: culvert or fiue such as c common to two or more kilns with flues such as b, e, f, g
and h, and dampers d, i, & for controlling communication between such culvert and in
such flues, all arranged substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings and for the purposes specified.
Dated ilis 17th day of December 1900
NICHOLAS WATTS,
Bristol Bank Buildings, Bristol, Agent.