Improveme arth Closets and in Means for Working the same.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 21st July, 1896
Complete Specification Left 21st May 1807 Accented tot
Lulu 4007
Improveme
arth Closets and in Means for Working the same.
I JOHN DUNNELL GARRETT of Woodroyd, St. Briavels, near Coleford, Gloucester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The present Invention has for its object. to provide means whereby Dry Earth may
be used in all cases where deodorization is desirable, and the offal taken away from
time to time in-bulk from each house, dispensing thereby with the ordinary dust-
bin.
To this end, the closet is provided with a container mounted on centres, which,
having a side movement, is easily moved from under the seat, and its contents cleared
by tipping its load direct into a barrow. This load passes down a shaft, which,
however, it never fouls, or touches, striking the barrow at the bottom in such a way
as to be thoroughly mixed with the earth. The shaft, it must be understood, thus
remains clean, and being open at both ends, provides constant ventilation to the
contents in the barrow.
The operation of clearing the container is effected with ease from the inside of the
closet. The barrow at the base of the shaft would be cleared periodically by the
attendant or scavenger from the outside of the closet, who should, in fine weather,
at the same time replenish the earth chamber, which consists of a receptacle of con-
siderable capacity placed near the closet, with "dry earth." Should the weather be
wet, there will be, on this plan, sufficient reserve of earth in the closet to postpone
the replenishing.
A cart is provided which bas an outside platform for dry earth obtained at the
Depot for replenishing the closets. The cart is moreover fitted with a purchase, by
which the barrel being wheeled to the rear of the cart, is hauled up an inclined plane,
and its contents delivered in bulk through a sliding bettom into the centre compart-
ment of the cart. This load in the centre of the cart is disposed of by tipping, in
bulk, into a railway truck, and so transported into the country, there in due course to
fulfil its proper functions of increasing the fertilizing power of the land, the railway
truck returning to the town with a fresh supply of dry earth to be stored at the
depot.
A closet fitted and worked as above explained is not only inoffensive, but is also
capable of accommodating as large a household as any water-closet.
Deted this Ich dan of Il1000
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Earth Closets and in Means for Working the same.
I JOHN DUNNELL GARRETT of Woodroyd, St. Briavel's, near Coleford, Gloucester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
[Price 8d.]
COMPLETE
IFICATION.
Improvements in Earth Closets and in Means for Working the same.
I JOHN DUNNELL GARRETT of Woodroyd, St. Briavel's, near Coleford, Gloucester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
[Price 8d.]

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The fundamental principle of this system is the immediate deodorization of all solid
refuse from each house.
In order to carry this out, not only are special earth closets needed, but also certain
other special appliances, which enable the scavenger to reinove house refuse, and
deposit the same into the scavenger's enrt in loads up to 5 cwt. by mechanical means,
free from any nuisance whatever. These appliances consist of a special arrangement
of barrow on four wheels, and a specially designed scavenger's cart, as shown on the
drawings.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation on line a a of Fig. 2, of a building of two floors fitted
with closets according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross section on line y y of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a single closet suitable for use as an outside or yard
closet.
Fig. is a side view of the scavenger's cart about to tip its lond into a railway truck
at the depot.
Fig. 5 is a side view of the cart and a hand barrow for loading the soiled earth into
the same.
Fig. 6 is a back view of the cart and barrow; and
Fig. 7 is a side view of a cart with a special form of screw gear for enabling the
same to be tipped in an open field.
The arrangement of closet, as shown on the ground plan, is this, that the part
marked 1, 2, 3 is divided off from the closet proper by the partition marked 4, 4, the
line 5-5 being exposed to the outside.
1, the centre compartment, is for ventilation and light. 2 is a chamber for
storing dry earth for use in the closet, the earth being hoisted up from the outside by
purchase blocks, and so delivered from a bag of special make into the chamber, as
shown at Fig. 1. 3 is the channel down which the contents of the closets are tipped,
which operation is effected from the inside of the closet once a day, with a family
of 8 or 10 using it, into a capacious bin at its base, where all other solid refuse is
deposited, provision being made for immediately deodorizing the contents of this
bin.
The shaft or channel 3 being open at both ends, that is, top aud bottom, nets also
as a ventilating shaft for the contents of the bin, which is periodically removed by
hand in a larrow to the rear of the scavenger's cart, when each barrow load is drawn
up an incline, and, by mechanical means, deposited in the body of the cart without
any dust escaping or nuisance of any kind whatever. The scavenger's cart is of
special design, with gearing in the front and two outside platforms for carrying the
dry earth in bags. The contents of the body or middle compartment of this cart is
tipped in bulk, when at the depot, by an overhead gear, into a railway truck for
removal into the country. This railway truck having tipped its load, returns to town
with a fresh supply of dry earth to be deposited at the depot. It must be understood
that closets arranged on this system may be designed to run a month, or even longer,
without any attention from the outside.
Proceeding now to describe the apparatus in detail, A is a container, preferably of
metal, ocenpying normally a position beneath the seat B. The container is supported
on trunnions c c and d d, which rest upon a pair of brackets ee of peculiar form. These
brackets are mounted on a slide E, which can be drawn sideways, so as to remove the
container from beneath the seat.
Dry earth is supplied to the container, after use, hy hand; the earth follows
from the outside receptacle 2 into the closet, and is then served by a convenient
scoop.
When ready for tipping, the container is moved sideways from beneath the seat, to
a position opposite the shoot 3. The container is then rocked on its trunnions, so as

page_text: to bring it into the dotted position shown, wherein the trunnions c move down the
incline at the back of the brackets e, and the trunnions d ride up the are on the front
of the brackets, until met by the projections thereon, at which point the container
has assumed the postion of tipping its load.
This operation of tipping is very easily effected from inside the closet, the balance
of the container being such that little effort is required to tip it, even when fully
charged.
After tipping, the container is returned to its former position beneath the
seat.
H is the barrow used for removing the soiled earth from the bin. This barrow is
a structure mounted on wheels, and provided with hinged covers.
When loaded, this barrow is covered down, and wheeled out to the back of the cart J,
to which an incline is fitted (Fig. 5). The cart is provided, at its front end, with a
purchase and a line . This line is attached to the barrow, and the latter is
thereby hauled up the incline onto the cart, into which it is caused to tip its
contents.
On referring to Fig. 5, it will be seen how this operation is performed. The line
is first attached to the front of the barrow, to draw it up the incline onto the cover of
the cart, where it rests on suitably placed stops. The line is then shifted from front
to back, and the barrow is tipped on its front wheels, until the pins à hear upon the
shoulders & of the structure K, wherewith the cart frame is provided. A continued
pull on the line, draws the barrow completely over onto the structure K, and the front
cover being then unfastened, it takes the position indicated in dotted lines, and the
contents of the barrow are instantly precipitated into the cart, without exposing the
said contents to view, or creating a dust outside the cart.
Reversing the proceeding, the barrow is returned to the ground.
On the sides of the cart are arranged platforms (see Fig. 6), for carrying bags of dry
earth for replenishing the house supply when required.
When loaded, the cart is driven to a depot, and discharged into a railway truck,
which conveys the soiled earth away to the country, and returns with a fresh supply of
clean earth.
Fig. 4 shows a cart backed up against a stop upon a staging 1, beneath which runs
a truck M on lines m. The cart in this case, which is pivotted on its back axle, is
tipped by means of a line and overhead pulley M in a manner easy to understand.
Fig. 7 shows a cart suitable for use where no overhead gear is available, as in an open
field.
In this arrangement, the body of the cart is capable of sliding length-wise on the
bed or framework which carries the wheels.
O is a serew provided with a handle, and connected by means of a collar o to the
cart body. o is a nut engaging with the said screw, and connected to the bed or
framing.
By winding up the screw, the body of the cart is forced backwards on its bod, and
the rollers are caused to ride up the inclines 7, thereby giving the body a backward
tilt. At the proper moment, the backward movement of the body is checked by
means of a stop, and, at the same time, the screw is reversed, so as to tip the cart body
into the position dotted in Fig. 7.
For replenishing the earth receptacle 2, which may be done in fine weather, the
bags from the cart are hoisted by the pulley gear S in an upsidedown position, and
their contents discharged into the hopper of the earth reeeptacle, by cutting or
removing the string which ties the mouths.
It will be seen, by reference to Figures 1 and 3, that is a screened ventilating port
in the partition 4, communicating with the light and air shaft 1. is an air inlet in
the foot rest, and T is an apron carried by the seat, near the container. The
arrangement is such, that so long as there is difference of temperature inside and
outside, ventilation is provided for the container, whereby are drawn off from the
container to the outside, all unpleasant odours from the contents thereof, and,
moreover, there is no disagreeable draught under the seat.

page_text: The single-closet arrangement shown in Fig. 3 does not differ in any essential
particular from those shown in connection with the two-floor building of Fig. 1.
The closet is placed above the bin V, and is reached preferably by steps from the
ground. The bin V, the paved floor of which is a few inches above the ground, is
closed with a moveable screen or shutter V, furnished with a sliding hopper vl,
through which aslies and house refuse are thrown into the bin and delivered at any
point of its width. Dry earth is available for adding to the bin from the outside, when
required, for deodorizing purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The herein-described arrangement of earth-closet, wherein the closet proper
is divided by a partition from an outside part, each part being divided into
three compartments in such a way that the container tank is, by a side movement,
moved froin under the seat mechanically into the exact position for tipping its load
down a shaft into a bin, this same shaft being open at both ends, and acting as a
ventilator to the bin, as set forth.
2. In earth-closets as above described, providing a distinct and separate ventilation
for the container, and light to the same, as and for the purpose set forth.
3. Storing dry earth in a chamber which is charged from outside the closet proper,
such chamber being so constructed as to serve from the inside, as described with
reference to the drawings.
4. Arranging a bin beneath the shoot which delivers the soiled earth from the
container, such bin being furnished with a moveable shutter carrying a sliding hopper
for the house refuse, substantially as described with reference to the drawings.
5. The arrangement of earth closet described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of
the drawings, comprising a container mounted on centres, open shaft for giving light
and air to the container, earth chamber extending vertically outside the closet shoot,
open at top and bottom, through which the contents of the container are to be tipped,
and means for permitting the shifting of the container from its normal position
beneath the seat, to its tipping position before the shoot, as set forth.
6. Mounting the container of earth-closets on centres or trunnions, as described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
7. The means described with reference to the drawings, for working the reinoval of
soiled earth from earth closets, comprising barrow, tipping scavenger's cart, hauling
gear, and incline, all arranged and operating as set forth.
Dated this 20th day of May 1897.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.