IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING, RENDERING, RECEIVING, PURIFYING, COOLING DOWN, AND DELIVERING OLEAGINOUS AND FATTY MATTERS OR OTHER MATERIAL TREATED BY STEAM PRESSURE FOR EXTRACTION
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carroll Eugene Gray, of No. 73, Great Suffolk
Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Tallow Maker, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING, RENDERING,
RECEIVING, PURIFYING, COOLING DOWN, AND DELIVERING OLEAGINOUS AND
FATTY MATTERS OR OTHER MATERIAL TREATED BY STEAM PRESSURE FOR
EXTRACTION."
Sealed the 25th November 1862, and dated the 2nd June 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carroll Eugene Gray at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd June 1862.
I, CARROLL EUGENE GRAY, of No. 73, Great Suffolk Street, Southwark, in
the County of Surrey, Tallow Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING, RENDERING,
RECEIVING, PURIFYING, COOLING DOWN, AND DELIVERING OLEAGINOUS AND FATTY
MATTERS OR OTHER MATERIAL TREATED BY STEAM PRESSURE FOR EXTRACTION," to
be as follows:
The object of my Invention is to remove the fluid material from the action
of the steam as soon as it is properly melted without taking off the pressure
from the digester, and to remove the fluid material, without such violent

page_text: mechanical mixture with the condensed water or impurities as must of
necessity be the result with any fluid forced out by steam pressure through
pipes or apertures directly into the atmosphere, and to provide a means of at
any time accurately or continuously observing the condition of the fluid as it
leaves the digester, as also to treat and purify the fluid while it is being cooled
down to a suitable temperature to be exposed in open vessels.
My apparatus consists in its most essential features of a cylindrical vessel
which I term a receiver, similar to the usual digester in dimensions, and of
sufficient strength to resist high-pressure steam. I place this by preference in
a vertical position on one side, and about two-thirds of its length or height
below the usual digester, and when the material is cooked I turn steam into
the second vessel or receiver until the thermometer indicates an equality
of temperature and pressure in each vessel. Then I open a connexion
between the two vessels, straining the melted fluid through a jointed pipe, the
moving end of which is made buoyant in the digester by floats, the melted fluid
flowing by gravitation quietly and undisturbedly into the second or lower
vessel, or when the receiver cannot conveniently be placed below the level of the
digester it may be placed in a more elevated position by slightly decreasing
the steam pressure in the receiver, leaving the small particles of material or
impurities to settle downward in the digester instead of being so violently
mixed and drawn off with the fluid, and this is effected without interfering with
the cooking process. Then the connexion could be shut off for the refuse in
the digester to be still further cooked, and the fluid in the receiver to quietly
settle, and after it is cooled down to the natural temperature of the fluidity of
such material it could be run off through a similar jointed pipe and obser-
vation tube into vessels, by which means the volatile portions of the material
would be retained and prevented from being disseminated into the atmosphere,
which of necessity is the case when fluids at high temperatures are drawn
into open vessels directly from the digester in which they have been
treated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Carroll Eugene Gray in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CARROLL
EUGENE GRAY, of No. 73, Great Suffolk Street, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Tallow Maker, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Carroll Eugene Gray, Her special licence that I, the said Carroll
Eugene Gray, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such ōthers
as I, the said Carroll Eugene Gray, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING, RENDERING, RECEIVING,
PURIFYING, COOLING DOWN, AND DELIVERING OLEAGINOUS AND FATTY MATTERS OR
OTHER MATERIAL TREATED BY STEAM PRESSURE FOR EXTRACTION," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Carroll Eugene Gray, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Carroll Eugene Gray, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The objects of my Invention, by an improved method of treating fatty,
oleaginous, and other similar matters, are, first, to remove the fluid portion of
them as soon as properly melted or treated from the vessel berein-after
described as the digester, thereby avoiding the violent mechanical mixture
with the condensed water or impurities that must of necessity take place when
any fluid is forced out by steam pressure through pipes or apertures into the
atmosphere.
Secondly, to prevent the volatile portions of any matters when heated above
their natural melting point from escaping into the atmosphere whilst they are
cooling, and to protect them from the injury they would sustain by exposure
to the action of the atmosphere in an improper chemical state.
Thirdly, to afford facilities for treating and purifying the fluid portion of
such matters whilst being cooled down to a suitable temperature to be exposed
in open vessels.
: 1

page_text: '
And, fourthly, in the treatment of such materials of which the more solid
portions are the principal objects of such treatment, to rapidly transfer them
from the vessel in which they have been treated by steam or heat under
pressure into apparatus for quickly drying or otherwise. converting them into a
desired condition. To condense and utilize the gaseous portions thereof if
valuable, or to burn them if noxious.
.
Now to enable others skilled in the art to make. and use this my Invention
I proceed to describe the apparatus I employ and the operations by which I
attain the proposed objects.
In Figure 1 the Drawing represents an ordinary steam-tight digester
having in the top a man-hole A, in the bottom a cock B for drawing off the
condensed water. It is supplied with steam which penetrates from the main
pipe C, by the pipe D, to the coil E, and through its perforations and the
perforations of the false bottom F to the fatty charge above it. This vessel is
also provided with a strainer G, communicating with the cocks H, H, and the
pipe I, furnished with the jet cock J; communicating with the vessel, Figure 2.
The outlet cock K communicating from Figure 1 to Figure 2 is connected
with the jointed or moving pipe L, having. the strainer M, and supported and
maintained in position by the floats N, K, any extra weight of metal used to
increase strength: being counterbalanced by the spring O. In the upper part
of Figure 1 is the thermometre P, the water-pipe Q, and the gas or vapour
communication pipe R, with the cock S.
Figure 2 is. the receiver having a man-hole T, the cock U for drawing off
the condensed water, the draw-off cock V connecting the moveable pipe
arrangement W, the upper end of which is supported by the floats X, X;
Z, the therniometre which indicates the temperature or pressure of steam
when admitted from the main pipe C, Figure 1, into the upper part of the
receiver by the pipe Y. When preferred the water pipe a can. be: continued
by the perforated branches b,b, b, bc is the gas or vapour connecting pipe ;
d, its jet cock..
Figure 3 is an end elevation of a drying apparatus, shewing an outer
casing e, and inner compartments f, f, in which are fitted the. shafts g, g,
shaving arms h; h, h, h, and shovels i, i,.which revolve in the compartments f,f,
to stir up and. pass along the material in process of drying until it reaches
the other end of the shaft, which if sufficiently dry the shovels i, i, catch and
throw it out. If so desired these machines can be placed side by side, one
"depositing in the other until the material is sufficiently dry. The hood j is
for conveying away the vapours. The hopper k supplies the machine with
material, feeding it gradually by means of the small arms l. Steam is supplied
°

page_text: to the machines by steam pipe m into the steam chamber n, formed between the
outer casing and the inner compartments f, f, as shewn at n, and passes off
through the pipe o, the condensed water being drawn off by the cock p.
Figure 4 is a plan of same shewing the gear wheel 9, 9, with pully r. This
machine may be driven by hand or other power.
Figure 5 represents a front elevation of a second drying apparatus shewing
an outer casing or pan s, s, in which are arranged a series of steam pipes
t, t, t, t, connected permanently together, making a steam connection one with
the other, the extreme ends. of which are connected by a swivel or yielding
joint as shown at u, u; hood vis provided with a pipe w to convey away the
vapours, also with a door x, which affords access to the interior of the
apparatus. Figure 6 represents a ground plan of the same. When it is
desired to use the apparatus for evaporating the moisture or drying or
treating material, the latter is placed in the outer casing or pan s, s, door. x
in hood v being first closed. Steam is admitted to the series of pipes t, t, t, t,
by pipe y, and the condensed water that may accumulate in the same passes
out by pipe u, u. When the material becomes sufficiently treated the door x
is opened, the series of pipes t, t, t, t, are lifted out of the material by means of
hook z, thus affording facilities for manipulating, handling, or removing the
said material as may be desired.
In the above described apparatus one of the most essential features, is the
vessel which I term a receiver. It is similar to the digester in dimensions
and of sufficient strength to resist high-pressure steam. I place this as shewn
in the Drawings in a vertical position on one side and about two-thirds of its
length or height below the digester and when the fatty matter in this last is
sufficiently treated I admit steam into the second vessel or receiver until the
thermometer indicates an equality of temperature and pressure in each vessel.
I then open a communication between the two vessels, they. having, as
described, the suitable appliances for straining fluid fat and drawing it off
through a jointed pipe (or other suitable means), the upper end of which is
supported upon or near the surface of the fluid by floats.
When the upper
stratum or properly melted portion, obeying the law of gravity, flows down the
pipe quietly and undisturbedly into the receiver. When, however, the receiver
cannot conveniently be placed below the level of the digester it may be placed
5 in a more elevated position, but the steam pressure in the receiver must then
be slightly decreased and the small particles of material or impurities be left
to settle downwards in the digester instead of being violently drawn off with
the fluid fat, and this is effected without taking off the pressure from the

page_text: digester. The properly melted portion of the contents of the digester having
been thus drawn off, the communication between the vessels is closed, and the
part of the charge remaining in the digester continues being treated while
the fluid fat in the receiver after its purifying treatment is allowed to quietly
settle for safe delivery into the.atmosphere, when cooled down to the natural
temperature of fluid fats, it can be run off into open vessels. While under-
going this treatment in the receiver the volatile portions of the material are
prevented from escaping into the atmosphere, and they can be disposed of
according as they may be valuable or obnoxious..
What has been herein-before described illustrates and more especially refers
to the action of my Invention with regard to fatty and oleaginous matters, but in
it's application to extract, improve, purify, or treat other materials by steam
pressure or heat, I employ in combination with the digester when used with or
without the receiver the apparatus shewn in Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, and already
described for drying, sifting, or otherwise preparing such other materials of
which the solid portions are to become an important part. And according as
the gases are obnoxious or valuable, I convey them by a hood or pipe from
the drying apparatus or by a pipe fitted for that purpose, from the top of the
digester and receiver to the furnace or to a condenser as may be desired.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, the apparatus employed
and mode of working the same, I would have it clearly understood that I do
not limit myself to the form, dimensions, or detailed arrangements herein
set forth, but reserve to, myself the right of varying the same so long as I do
not depart from the principle of my said Invention, which I claim to be as
follows:-
First, the use or application in the treatment of fatty or oleaginous matters
or for other similar purposes of a closed steam-tight vessel or digester, in
combination with a receiver or second vessel for the purposes of treating, that
is to say melting, purifying, and drawing off under pressure the fluid portions
of such matters for the objects and purposes herein-before described.
Second, the use and application in the treatment of the aforesaid matters and
like purposes in combination with a digester or other similar vessels of a steam-
tight receiver or second vessel as a recipient for the fluid portions of the aforesaid
matters heated under pressure, for the purpose of allowing the same to cool
down to the temperature at which they may without injury be exposed to the
atmosphere for the reasons and purposes herein-before described.
Thirdly, the use and application of a jointed or moveable pipe with or
without a strainer rendered buoyant by a float or otherwise, and having its

page_text: outlet at the lower part of the vessel to which it may be attached for the
purpose of drawing off the supernatant fluid contents of above described vessel
or vessels.
Fourthly, the application of the drying apparatus as before described for the
purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carroll Eugene Grey, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
CARROLL EUGENE GRAY. (L.S.)