Improvements in Burners for Petroleum Incandescence Lamps.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Burners for Petroleum Incandescence Lamps.
I, MICHAEL FRANK, of Frankfurt-on-Main, Germany, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
Petroleum burners such as are generally used for lamps, are unsuited for the
production of incandescence light (that is, a pure white light produced by the action
of a non-luminous flame of high temperature on a refractory body or mantle), because
for vaporizing the petroleum, devices such as have been used for petroleum motors,
though no doubt effective, are too bulky for their application to lamps, and are also
too complicated in their working for practical domestic use.
The present invention relates to a burner for petroleum lamps which produces in a
simple and effective manner a non-luminous flame from. petroleum suitable for heating
an incandescence mantle, without requiring a special vaporizing device, and which
can be put instantaneously in action by unskilled persons without a special igniting
device.
The burner which can be applied to every petroleum lamp with ring burner, is for
this purpose constructed as follows:-
The ordinary wick tube may be made with a lateral opening through which air
can gain access to the interior of the circular flame, or the inner wick tube may pass
down right through the oil reservoir so as to be open to the air at its lower end.
Over the upper end of the wick tube is situated the usual flame disc. For the supply
of air to the outer surface of the flame there is also provided the usual tubular cap
surrounding the wick tube, and having the usual air openings at bottom for converting
the flame, which at the commencement is of the ordinary luminous kind, into a non-
luminous one, there is provided over the said cap a dome-shaped hood which carries
the incandescence mantle, and the gallery for the chimney glass and extends upward
in an inward curved form to somewhat above the flame-disc. The lower enlarged
part which forms the chimney gallery, has two rings of air holes formed round it,
the one row, formed in the bottom surface, serving to admit air between the said
hood and the wick cap, which air is made to impinge upon the base of the flame,
while the second row serves to admit a portion of the air from the interior of the
hood to the space between the hood and the chimney glass, so as to pass in contact
with the outer surface of the incandescence mantle.
Thus the essential feature of the present invertion consists in the provision of a
threefold admission of air, one of which leads to the interior of the flame, while the
second leads to the exterior of the base of the flame, and the third leads to the
outer side of the non-luminous flame and of the incandescence mantle, and in
the detachable cap carrying air conduits.
The action of this petroleum incandescence burner is as follows:-
When the wick has been raised sufficiently to ignite, such ignition is effected on
the removal of the hood, mantle, and chimney, producing a luminous flame. If the
hood, chimney and incandescence body be now fitted on, the luminous flame will be

page_text: converted into a non-luminous one. The wick will then have to be raised somewhat
higher in order to raise the entire mantle to incandescence.
For preventing an inconvenient two-fold regulation for this purpose, there is
provided at the upper end of the wick tube, a double gauge ring fitting over the
Jatter, and carried by a rod passing down the centre of the wick tube and, being
bent at right angles so as to pass out through the before mentioned lateral opening,
it is connected to an external rod also attached to the double ring, and is secured
adjustably on a fixed notched bar. By means of this rod the double gauge ring is
first raised up to a certain height above the top of the wick tube, so as to serve as a
gauge for the additional height to which the wick has to be raised. The wick having
been raised to this height and the flame lit, the hood, mantle, and chimney are then
fitted on, and the gauge ring is then lowered so as to leave the requisite length of wick
projecting from the wick tube, whereupon the non-luminous flaine will be produced
as above described. For preventing the excess of petroleum raised by the wick from
running down the outside of the wick tube and causing inconveniences, as is usually
the case, there is provided on the wick tube, slightly below the upper end, an
annular gutter or equivalent device which will catch the excess of petroleum flowing
down and this petroleum being close to the base of the flame will be gradually
vapourised and burnt in the flame itself.
Dated this 6th day of January 1897
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
improvements in Burners for Petroleum incandescence Lamps.
I, MICHAEL FRANK, of Frankfurt-on-Main, Germany, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a construction of petroleum incandescence lamp in
which the petroleum is burnt by the aid of an ordinary burner with circular
wick.
The burners heretofore employed for burning with a non-luminous or blue flame
gave in so far unfavourable results, that it is exceedingly difficult to light the
lamp, or to cause the original ordinary luminous flame to be converted into the non
luminous flame.
The lamp constructed according to the present invention does not possess this
defect.
I have discovered by experiments that the reason why the conversion of the
luminous into the non-luminous flame does very frequently not succeed and gives
bad smelling products is, because at the moment when the cylinder carrying the
incandescence mantle is placed upon the burner, it is unavoidable that vapours are
formed within the cylinder; these vapours restrici the air supply, and thus
cause the production of farther vapours, and prevent the production of the blue
flame.
If however there are provided, according to the present invention, special openings
through which air is introduced into the cylinder outside the incandescence mantle,
this air will momentarily carry along with it such vapours out through the cylinder
when this is fitted on, so that a continuous and quiet combustion and a reliable and
immediate production of the blue flame will be effected.
I will describe the construction of the improved burner with reference to the
accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 shews a vertical section of the burner.

page_text: On the petroleum chamber A is fitted as usual, the wick tube B for a circular
wick.
This wick tube can be provided with a lateral opening as shewn, through which
atmospheric air can enter to the innerside of the flame; or the wick tube can be
carried right through the petroleum chamber, so as to be supplied with air from
below. The burner is generally similar in construction to ordinary forms of petroleum
burners.
Above the wick tube is, concentric to the opening thereof, the usual deflector c.
For the supply of air to the flame serves, also, similarly to ordinary petroleum
lamps, an enlarged tube F surrounding the wick tube, and provided at the lower
end with air inlet holes f, which tube is screwed or otherwise fixed on to the top of
the oil chamber.
In order to produce a non-luminous flame from the ordinary luminous flame which
is first produced, a dome shaped cap G, carrying the incandescence mantle and
chimney glass is fitted upon the air tube F, which cap contains the chimney gallery
and the passages for the outer supply of air, and has the effect of throttling the
flame from the outside.
This dome or cap is provided with two rows of holes g and g¹; the openings g are
so arranged below the chimney glass that atmospheric air enters thence both into
the space between the tube F and the cap G, so as to pass to the lower edge of the
flame, and through the holes g¹ into the space formed between the outer surface of
cap G and the inner surface of the chimney glass, such air being made to pass in
contact with the restricted non-luminous part of the flame issuing from the cap.
The essential feature of this part of the invention consists, therefore, in that a three-
fold passage is provided for the air-supply, one of which leads to the interior of the
flame while the second leads to the outer lower rim of the flame, and the third,
separated by the cap G, leads to the outer surface of the upper part of the non-
luminous flame, and also to the incandescence mantle.
The action of this petroleum incandescence lamp is as follows: the lamp-wick
having been raised to such a height that it can be ignited, the cap G together with
the lamp glass and incandescence mantle are removed, and the wick is ignited and
the flame adjusted to a proper height. On now fitting on the cap G with lamp glass
and incandescence mantle, the luminous flame will at once be converted into a non-
luminous one.
In order to readily determine the height to which the wick is to be raised, there
are provided on the rod C, small arms c¹ which indicate the height to which the wick
must be raised for regular working.
It may be stated that in addition to the air supply through g', the known
air supply under the edge of the lamp glass can be provided, as indicated by the
arrow g².
Such an air supply can however not effect the object of the present invention,
namely the rapid removal of the vapours produced by the burner, as such air supply
is too cold, and is also subject to too much resistance for effecting the removal of the
vapours, unless the quantity of air so supplied were made so large as to interfere
with the proper burning of the flame.
It is also to be observed that the air supply through g¹ has solely for its object to
rapidly remove the vapours during the putting on of the lamp glass, that is to say,
practically to prevent their production, but that this air supply performs no function
during the normal burning of the lamp, and that consequently it might be so
arranged as to be stopped as soon as the normal condition of the lamp has been
established.
In the construction shewn, a comparatively high chimney glass is used, but the
height thereof depends essentially upon the proportion of the diameter of the gallery
to the diameter of the burner.
Figure 2 shews a modification wherein the air inlets g are arranged in a lateral
position; by this arrangement the lamp is rendered more wind-proof.
Having now
narticularly
described
and
contained
LL

page_text: invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
In a burner for a petroleum incandescence lamp in which there is fitted over the
wick tube provided with a deflecting disc, a dome-shaped cap G, the provision of air
supply openings g₁ so arranged that in addition to the usual air supply to the inner
part of the flame through openings f, a portion of the air entering through is
supplied to the part of the flame within the cap G, while the other portion of the
air passes through the holes g¹ to the outside of the cap G, for the purpose of
effecting, by means of such air supply through g¹, the rapid removal of the vapours
during the fitting on of the cap and thereby insuring the proper conversion of the
luminous flame into the non-luminous flame, substantially as described.
Dated this 6th day of October 1897.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.