matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED SEED SOWER, CULTIVATOR, WEEDER, AND STRAWBERRY RUNNER CUTTER, TO BE USED COMBINED OR SEPARATELY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh Macintosh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd June 1871.-A communication from abroad by William
George Comstock, of East Hartford, in the State of Connecticut,
in the United States of America.
I, JOHN MACINTOSH MACINTOSH, of 10, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “AN
IMPROVED SEED SOWER, CULTIVATOR, WEEDER, AND STRAWBERRY RUNNER CUTTER,
TO BE USED COMBINED OR SEPARATELY," a communication to me from abroad
by William George Comstock, of East Hartford, in the State of Con-
necticut, in the United States of America, to be as follows :-
-
In carrying out the Invention I construct the machine in the form of
a common cultivator, with a wheel in front and handles projecting in the
rear, but with a slotted iron frame with stationary arms swelling out
towards the rear to hold the teeth and rakes in place at the proper width
to accomplish the work in hand, and so shaped as to hold in its place
the hopper of the seed sower when combined. The rakes have sharp
cutting teeth at the point, and are set with the points sufficiently
forward to enter the ground easily. They are adjustable and designed

page_text: to work close to the drills at such an angle as will best take out the
weeds without disturbing or throwing the earth upon the plants. The
cultivator teeth are steel plated with nearly right-angled points with
the cutting edges flat upon the ground, and made concave on the under
side. Both teeth and rakes are held in the frame by screws and nuts, t
and can be used in any combination desired, and the frame is designed
to hold these or any other form of rakes, teeth, coulters, or hoes.
The strawberry runner cutter consists of a sharp steel wheel and
knife which are fixed to the right-hand side of the cultivator for cutting
the runners while cultivating between the rows. The wheel and knife
are so fixed that the latter enters the ground outside of the wheel, but
clear from it in such manner that while the wheel is on the runner
cutting down the knife runs under and cuts up, the edge being on the
upper side.
The seed sower is furnished with a hopper fastened by a bolt or screw
.in the brace, and can readily be removed when it is desired to use the
machine as a cultivator, weeder, or strawberry runner cutter. At the
end of the slide a suitable spring is employed, which plays in a slot and
fits into a notch in the disk to hold it in place when revolved to bring a
hole of suitable size under a large slot in the slide for the seed to be
At the back and bottom of the hopper a shelf and nipple are
employed, which clear the hole in the disk as it passes under, and
prevents the seed dropping when not in motion. The slide is operated
by an elbow lever held by a spring, and is pinned on the arms of the
wheel. A suitable coverer may be attached by a bolt under the brace of
the handles when the machine is used as a seed sower.
sown.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE EXPRESSING OF OILS AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Constantine de Negri and Edward
Craddock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd March 1871.
We, CONSTANTINE DE NEGRI, of No. 192, Belsize Road, Saint John's
Wood, Engineer, and EDWARD CRADDOCK, of No. 18, Huntingdon
Street, Barnsbury, Civil Engineer, both in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR THE EXPRESSING OF OILS AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
The machinery consists of a steam cylinder fitted with two stuffing
boxes, one at each end, and a piston of the usual sort, into which steam
may be admitted on one side and exhausted on the other at the will
of the operator. The piston rod runs right through the cylinder, the
external ends of which act alternately as plungers into one or the other

page_text: of two receptacles placed the one on one side and the other on the
other side of the cylinder before described. The receptacles are both
alike, and each of them consists of a cylinder, somewhat larger in bore
than the plungers, into which rings of cast iron or other suitable substance
are fitted, the bore of the rings are exactly of the size of the plungers,
and the rings being closely fitted and held in contact with one another
on the inner and outer edges, but leaving a space within between the
inner and outer edges for some packing material suitable for filtering
the oil or liquid in process of expression. The end of each of these
receptacles furthest away from the steam cylinder is to be capable of
opening and closing at the will of the operator, but must at all times
when closed be perfectly oil-tight. At the top of each of the receptacles,
and at the end nearest the steam cylinder, there is a hole into which the
seed or substance to be operated upon is introduced, so placed that as
soon as the plunger is advanced it shall be closed by it. There are
also grooves running round the inside of the cylinder part of cach of the
receptacles, so placed as to come opposite the external joint of the rings,
which grooves are joined together by a longitudinal groove at the
bottom of the cylinder, ending in an outlet. The steam cylinder and
receptacles are held together by columns or frames, sufficiently strong
to resist the strain that is put upon them when steam is admitted on
one or the other side of the piston, and forces one of the plungers into

page_text: Having described the nature of our Invention and the way it is to
be applied, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit or con-
fine ourselves either to the use of a single plunger and receptacle at
each end of the piston rod, or to the use of steam for exerting the
pressure.
AN IMPROVED WRAPPER GARMENT FOR TRAVELLING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1871.-A communication from abroad by Adrien
Dubois, of 13, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WRAPPER GARMENT FOR TRAVELLING AND
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
―
Soldiers when campaigning carry a blanket on their knapsacks, on
which they lie at night either under a tent or in the field, but at present
these blankets are not available for any other purpose. Travellers also
often carry with them a rug or blanket which is rolled up and secured
by a leather strap to render it more portable, in which form it remains
unavailable for use until spread out at a convenient opportunity on the
journey.
The present improvements are designed with a view to convert such a
blanket or rug into a warm and comfortable cloak or cape without
altering its form or detracting from its usefulness as a blanket or rug.

page_text: This object is attained without augmenting the weight of the article by
means of a peculiar arrangement of laces, buttons, and loops which are
attached without sewing, whereby any travelling rug may be trans-
formed at once into a sleeved cloak with hood. This improved garment,
which allows of perfect freedom of movement, provides a soldier without
any addition to his equipment with a warm cloak to be worn either
when on guard, at drill, when walking, or at other times, while for a
traveller it serves as a garment on leaving a vehicle which can be worn
until reaching his destination.
This improved convertible garment is illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, Figure 1 of which shows the article spread out flat in the rug
form, while Figures 2, 3, and 4 show a three-quarter face view, a back
view, and a side view of the rug converted into a cloak.
This conversion is effected by means of metal eyelets a, a, disposed in
a semicircle in the position shown in Figure 1, through which are
threaded two leather laces b, b. These laces assist in forming a hood
when drawn up, a loop j and button / serving to support the upper part
and prevent its falling back on the figure. The two top corners c, c, are
brought over the chest and fastened at the neck by means of leather
loop d and button e. Two loops f, f, and buttons 9, 9, serve to fasten
the cloak over the chest. The sleeves are formed by connecting the two
buttons h and loops i, i, placed at the lower part, and which when
fastened at the wrists leave the arms entirely free; 1, cord passing in the
belt and fastening on a button m, to prevent the cloak falling off the
shoulders.
The several buttons and loops are formed of leather passing through
1 1
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Simpson Holden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1871.
I, WILLIAM SIMPSON HOLDEN, of Kearsley, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates to an apparatus designed for the purpose of
clearing the waste or fly" from the rollers of drawing, slubbing, and
roving frames, and of throstles and other similar machines used in the
preparation and spinning of cotton and other fibrous substances in place
of the cloth covered clearer rollers or flats hitherto employed for that
purpose, and consists principally in the use or employment for such
purposes of an endless travelling cloth or belt passing around two
rollers and moving in contact with the top rollers. Each endless
travelling clearer cloth or belt is of the width of the boss of a top
drawing roller, and these cloths are driven by means of the back clearer
roller, which is actuated by gearing, or by a strap or belt from the
motion which drives the drawing rollers, or from any other convenient

page_text: part of the machine. The front clearer roller acts merely as a carrier.
The clearer cloth is (by preference) driven in the same direction as the
drawing rollers, and at about the mean speed of the rollers, but it may,
if found desirable, be driven in the contrary direction, or at a different
speed. This arrangement possesses the advantage that the amount of
fly can at any time be seen, and it can be removed from the clearer
cloth without disturbing anything, or stopping the clearing operation,
which is continuous, and the waste removed in this manner will be
found of better quality, and hence more valuable than the waste or
“fly” from the ordinary rollers or flats.
"
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE BRAN SATURATED WITH PALM OIL WHICH HAS BEEN USED FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES SUCH AS TIN-PLATE MAKING, IN ORDER THAT THE PALM OIL AND THE BRAN MAY BE SEPARATELY RECOVERED TO BE USED OVER AGAIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Dahne and
Richard Hughes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th January 1871.
We, FREDERICK WILLIAM DAHNE, of Morriston, in the County of
Glamorgan, Civil Engineer, and RICHARD HUGHES, of the same Place,
Tin Plate Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE BRAN SATURATED WITH PALM
OIL WHICH HAS BEEN USED FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES SUCH AS TIN-PLATE
MAKING, IN ORDER THAT THE PALM OIL AND THE BRAN MAY BE SEPARATELY
RECOVERED TO BE USED OVER AGAIN," to be as follows:-
We take saturated bran which usually contains from 20 to 25 per
cent of oil, and we immerse this bran in benzine, benzole, naptha, or
similar hydrocarbon, and after remaining a sufficient length of time
immersed for the oil to be brought into solution say, for example,
five minutes, the bran is freed from the liquid by filtration, pressure,

page_text: or suction, and is ready for use. The liquid solution is then to be
placed in a still and the benzine, benzole, or hydrocarbon distilled off,
the palm oil remaining in the still bottom, and is ready for future
use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOWS FOR MANUFACTORIES, WAREHOUSES, AND OTHER SUCH BUILDINGS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Webb at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th March 1871.
I, THOMAS GEORGE WEBB, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOWS FOR MANUFACTORIES, WAREHOUSES, AND OTHER
SUCH BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a method of glazing windows of manu-
factories, warehouses, and other such buildings, whereby I am enabled
to gain considerable strength at an economical rate.
In glazing windows of the aforesaid description it has been the practice
to cut the glass to certain, required sizes, which is a process when of
the necessary thickness of much difficulty and inconvenience.
According to my Invention I use moulds of iron or other suitable
substance and press the glass while in a molten state therein. These
moulds are formed in sizes for producing blocks of glass which when
placed upon each other, or side by side, will make up the dimensions of

page_text: the window, the edges abutting against each other, and thus forming
"jump joints," and I apply putty or other cement or india-rubber to
the edges of the said blocks. The blocks may be adapted to each other
as above mentioned to form the whole area of the window, but it may
be divided into portions by sash bars.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SLUBBING, INTERMEDIATE, AND ROVING FRAMES, AND ALSO TO THE CLASS OF THROSTLES KNOWN AS 'GORES'' THROSTLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Tweedale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
December 1871.
I, EDMUND TWEEDALE, Mechanic, of 35, Cronkeyshaw Road, Roch-
dale, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SLUBBING, INTERMEDIATE, AND
ROVING FRAMES, AND ALSO TO THE CLASS OF THROSTLES KNOWN AS 'GORES''
THROSTLES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto the long collars known in the trade as "Mason's long
collars" in roving, intermediate, and slubbing frames together with the
long collars in those throstle frames known as Gores' throstles, as also
several kinds of short collars have been screwed on their lower ends
so as to be fastened to the bushes (fixed or cast on the rails) by a nut
or nuts, which drew against the bushes the rings cast upon the collars,
which rings were truly faced and received the thrust of the nuts, and so
maintained the collars in a perfectly upright position.
Now my improvement consists in substituting for these nuts and
rings eye bolts, the eyes in which surround the collars. The screwed

page_text: ends of these eye bolts pass through and draw the collars against the
bushes on the rail by nuts placed upon the eye bolts. These eye
bolts and the cored holes in the bushes on the rail made to receive
them pass across the bushes by preference, but they may be made
to pass in a direction at right angles thereto, that is, through the
bushes.
By the first method above described the collars are drawn against
the sides of the bushes; by the second they are drawn against the
bottoms of the bushes, and in this latter case instead of the ordinary
bored holes in the bushes, the collars may be drawn against the bottom
of one of three sides of a square or two sides of a triangle, which last
form of bush may be cut by cutters properly shaped for the reception of
the collars, or otherwise planed or shaped thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Joseph Nodder at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th January 1871.
I, RICHARD JOSEPH NODDER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Oil Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide means by which breech-
loading fire-arms can be rendered serviceable for use as muzzle-loaders
when specially prepared cartridges containing caps or their equivalents
are unattainable, or where such cartridges are too expensive, as is the
case for "ordinary practice" of volunteers. For that purpose I provide
each fire-arm with a removable piece which I call a cap socket. The
said cap socket is externally of a cylindrical or other shape adapted
to fit the interior of the rear end of the barrel; it has a small passage
through it and is formed or fitted with a cap nipple of the usual outline.
When a fire-arm is used as a breech-loader with suitable cartridges
containing their own ignition the said cap socket is not used, but when
such arm is to be used as a muzzle-loader the cap socket is inserted in

page_text: '
the rear end of the barrel in front of the breech block. Loading can
then be effected from the muzzle in the ordinary manner, and when a
percussion cap is placed on the nipple of the cap socket the arm is ready
for discharge. The discharge is accomplished by the needle or pin in
the breech block striking the cap, whose fire passes through the cap 5
socket and ignites the powder.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING THE TIN FROM THE SHEARINGS AND WASTE OF TINNED IRON PLATES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1871.- A communication from abroad by Jules
Trottier, of Hennebont (Morbihan), France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR
EXTRACTING THE TIN FROM THE SHEARINGS AND WASTE OF TINNED IRON PLATES,"
a communication to me from abroad by Jules Trottier, of Hennebont
(Morbihan), France, to be as follows:-
This improved process consists,-
Firstly. In steeping the shearings or waste of tinned iron plates in a
bath of hydrochloric acid until the tin is removed.
Secondly. In the removal of this solution to another vessel in which
it is diluted with from fifteen to twenty times its weight of water and a
plate of zinc, iron, or other metal more oxidizable than tin plunged into
it, the result being that a precipitate immediately forms, part of which

page_text: adheres to the zinc or other plate, the remainder rising to the surface of
the liquid.
Thirdly. In collecting the precipitate thus formed, pressing the water
from it, and finally melting it in a crucible, at the bottom of which the
tin will be found deposited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCILS AND PENCIL POINT PROTECTORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barnet Solomon Cohen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st June 1871.
I, BARNET SOLOMON COHEN, of No. 24, Great Prescot Street, Good-
man's Fields, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCILS AND PENCIL POINT
PROTECTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pencils and pencil
point protectors.
In order to protect the point of a pencil I employ a split tube of
metal which nips the pencil and can be slidden along it, so that it may
be pushed forward to cover and protect the point or drawn back to
expose the point ready for use.
In order that the protector may hold firmly on the pencil in any
position in which it may be set, indentations are formed in the pencil
from end to end at short distances apart and corresponding projections
are formed within the protector by embossing it so as to press up the
projections. These projections lock as teeth into the recesses in the
pencil, but if force be applied to move the protector along the pencil,

page_text: the tube opens sufficiently to allow the projections to rise out of the
recesses and the protector can then slide along the pencil till again the
projections correspond with the recesses and drop into them.
In order to prevent the protector turning round the pencil out of
its place a longitudinal groove is formed in the pencil and a corre
sponding ridge is embossed within the protector, and these lock the one
into the other..
5
IMPROVEMENTS IN CABS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH TO ENABLE A PASSENGER TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE DRIVER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Angus Hamilton and Julius
Sax at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th April 1871.
We, Captain ANGUS HAMILTON, late 24th Regt., 2nd Warwick Militia,
of No. 19, Bedford Place, Russell Square, and Julius Sax, of No. 108,
Great Russell Street, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CABS AND
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH TO ENABLE A PASSENGER TO COMMUNICATE
WITH THE DRIVER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cabs, and in appa-
ratus connected therewith to enable a passenger to communicate with
the driver.
The cab resembles the well-known Hansom cab in being supported on
two wheels, the driver being behind, and the entrance in front. The
doors are hinged and glazed. The body is sustained by the springs at
three points, one on either side of the body, and the third beneath the

page_text: by means of a slide, having studs upon it which push up both the
weighted lever and also any of the droppers which may have fallen,
springs connected with the armatures then throw them together with
the props back to their original positions, and so the parts are held ready
for the next sign to be given.
A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FILLING BOTTLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
-
9th August 1871. A communication from Poussard Bertrand,
residing at Bordeaux, in France, Merchant.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in France, and 6, Piccadilly, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FILLING
BOTTLES," a communication to him from Poussard Bertrand, a person
resident at Bordeaux, in France, Merchant, to be as follows:-
This Invention, communicated to me, relates to filling simultaneously
a great number of bottles, or, when necessary, to dose the quantity of
liquid that is introduced in them.
It consists of a tank or vessel of any shape or convenient material
of which the bottom is constructed of two metallic plates super-
posed. The upper plate slides upon the other by means of a nut
screw fixed outwardly upon one of the sides of the tank. The two
plates are provided with the same number of holes that correspond,

page_text: and are placed opposite each other, or closed by the sliding of the
upper plate in one direction or another. The lower plate is provided
with cocks that open or close simultaneously by means of handles or
lever placed on one of the sides of the tank. Underneath each hole
of the bottom plate of the tank is placed a receptacle of which the
capacity might be calculated or in which the same can be placed in
vessel of various capacity in order to dose the quantity of liquid that
runs into them. Each receptacle has a hole at its bottom and is
provided with draining tubes made of metallic spirals covered with
linen cloth or india-rubber. These tubes are introduced into the neck
of the bottles who are fixed in the compartments of a wooden case
or basket, fixed or moveable, placed upon a moveable shelf in order to
advance or draw back the bottles from or under the draining tubes.
Underneath the receptacles is placed a plate alike the one of the tank
operated like the latter by means of a nut screw and provided with
cocks opening or closing simultaneously by mechanism as described
above for the cocks of the bottom plate of the tank. It is clearly
understood that if the tank be filled with liquid and if the holes of
the two plates of the tank be placed opposite each other, and if the
cocks of the lower plate be opened, the liquid flows into the receptacles,
and if then the plate and the cocks placed under the receptacles are
operated in the same manner, the liquid contained in the receptacles
flows into the bottles placed beneath them.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEPERS OR BEARERS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wrigley at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
January 1871.-A communication from abroad by Philippe Greiff,.
of Cöln, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, THOMAS WRIGLEY, of the Firm of Messrs. Wrigley and Dawson,.
Engineers and Patent Agents, of Manchester, in the County of Lan--
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEPERS OR BEARERS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAYS," communi-
cated to me from abroad by Philippe Greiff, of Cöln, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of providing a substitute
for the ordinary iron, stone, or wood sleepers employed for supporting.
or bearing the metals or rails of rail or tramways.
The improvement consists in the amalgamation of a peculiar com-
pound, the components of which, their mixture, quantities, and formation
into sleepers may be thus described. First. Take coal tar and distil it
sufficiently long to render the residue into a firm hard mass that will
melt only at a high temperature; or take pitch and asphalte of any
description and distil the same, if too soft, until a hard substance is

page_text: produced. This coal tar or pitch and asphalte when thus prepared and
in a melted state is mixed with lime, sand, ashes, silicate, clay, refuse of
wood, oxide of iron, and residue of soda in the proportion of one part of
the first to eight of the latter components. The previously well sifted
quantities of lime, sand, ashes, silicate, clay, refuse of wood, oxide of
iron, and residue of soda are added slowly with the prepared coal tar or
pitch and asphalte, the whole compound being kept well stirred until a
thorough amalgamation of the parts has taken place, after which the
composition is pressed into moulds so as to give it the formation
required.
In order further to improve its quality and durability it is subjected
before getting cold to the pressure of an hydraulic press. The metals
or rails are secured to these sleepers or supports in the usual manner, or
pieces of wood are arranged so as to form part of the sleeper in positions
that will serve for the fastening of the rails by means of nails, clamps, 1
or bolts.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DETECTING THE ABSENCE OR NEGLIGENCE OF WATCHMEN AND OTHER EMPLOYÉS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Shive at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1871.
I, DAVID SHIVE, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of
America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR DETECTING THE ABSENCE OR NEGLIGENCE OF WATCHMEN AND OTHER
EMPLOYÉS," to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to a simple but thoroughly efficient
apparatus for detecting and registering any neglect or omission on
the part of watchmen and other employés whose duties have to be
performed under circumstances wherein the ordinary means for guarding
against absence or neglect are not practicable.
The said apparatus is designed to be applied to any ordinary clock
or time keeper, and is constructed, arranged, and combined with the
ordinary parts of the clock as follows:-The said apparatus has a diso
of thin metal or other suitable material, which is formed with a small
socket, whereby it is supported upon the projecting end of the spindle

page_text: that carries the minute hand of the clock in close proximity to the glass
which covers the face of the same. A slender wire or rod is attached to
the said disc and extended outward from its edge beyond the point of
the minute hand, where it is bent downward to the plane of the hour
hand, and is extended inward to the point of the same, its end being
provided with a small socket into which the end of the hour hand is
inserted.
It will be seen from this description that the disc will be turned with
the hour hand and is independent of the minute hand, which passes
freely below the disc and between the two portions of the small wire
or rod. The margin or rim of the disc is intended to receive markings
from a pencil or other instrument and is furnished with slate or other
material, which will permit the repeated reception and obliteration of
such markings. Within this rim or margin the disc is figured from one
to twelve and is marked with divisions in the same manner as a clock
face. A small hole is made above this rim or margin through the glass
which covers the face of the clock, and the watchman or other employé
with a pencil or other instrument can mark the disc upon the portion
immediately under this hole but no other portion, and each mark
indicates his presence at the hour indicated by the figure of the disc
opposite the said mark. Therefore in order to establish the fact of his
presence at his post throughout the night or other required time, it will
be necessary for him to mark the disc at frequent intervals. In the
morning or at any other required time the watchman's employer or
other authorized person may observe the markings, unlock the clock,
obliterate the markings from the disc, and again secure the clock, the
apparatus being then ready for further use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT HATS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Carrington
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd November 1871.-A communication from abroad by
Adolphe Crespin, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD CARRINGTON, of Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT HATS," a communication to me from abroad
by Adolphe Crespin, of Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as
follows:-
In manufacturing felt hats the fur and wool or other fibrous materials
are collected on a revolving hollow perforated cone, within which a
partial vacuum is formed by exhaustion, and when a sufficient quantity
of fibre is collected the whole is wrapped in a flannel and immersed
in the dipping tub to consolidate and partially felt the fibres together.
Now this Invention consists in the application of a perforated pipe
or other apparatus placed near the perforated cone, whereby jets of
water, or of water combined with sulphuric acid, are thrown against
the fibres on the cone, thereby felting or consolidating the fibres, and

page_text: dispensing with the wrapping flannel and the process of dipping here-
tofore necessary.
This Invention considerably economises time, labour, and material,
and produces better results than the mode now in use.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF DEPOSITING NICKEL ON METALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Unwin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June.
1871.
I, JOHN UNWIN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manufacturer,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OR MEANS OF DEPOSITING NICKEL ON METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the depositing on all kinds of metal,
or coating metals with pure nickel, in an improved and more efficient.
manner than heretofore.
The improved method consists in depositing the nickel on or coating.
all kinds of metal with nickel by means of an electro-magnetic machine
instead of by à galvanic battery, as hitherto used for that purpose. The
deposit will be made from a solution of nickel composed of (say) about
two parts oxalate of potash and about three parts of sulphate of potash
dissolved in about ten gallons of water; with about one pound of nickel
metal dissolved with nitric acid added to the whole. The article to be
coated or on which the deposit is to be made is to be prepared by being
boiled in caustic potash in order to remove any grease therefrom; it is

page_text: then to be well swilled or washed in clear water, after which it is to be
transferred to a bath containing the above-named solution, the result
of which will be that a fine and brilliant deposit or coating will be made
on the article which will retain its brilliancy or brightness without
any oxidation by exposure to the atmosphere.
IMPROVED TREATMENT OF CATTLE SUFFERING FROM PLEURO-PNEUMONIA AND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Atkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1871.
I, THOMAS ATKINSON, of Lower Turnings, Straffan, in the County of
Kildare, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED TREATMENT OF CATTLE SUFFERING FROM PLEURO-PNEUMONIA AND
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a liniment composed of three parts of
tincture of iodine and two parts of spirit of ammonia.
This liniment if applied externally to the throat and trachea or wind-
pipe, and also on the sides of the animal over the seat of the lungs, stops
the progress of the disease and effects a speedy cure.
When the disease is attended with murrain or constipation of bowels,
1 drachm of calomel and ½ an oz. of gentian powder mixed in about
one pint of linseed gruel is to be administered.

page_text: In the case of foot and mouth desease the liniment may be applied to
the throat and trachea or windpipe only, or to the trachea or windpipe
and to the sides as in the case of pleuro-pneumonia, and a mixture of
borax and honey is to be applied to the tongue and mouth of the
animal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Dawson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1871.-A communication from abroad by Walter Dawson,
of Scranton, Pennsylvania, in the United States of America.
I, SYDNEY DAWSON, of 49, Hermitage Street, Wapping, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER SAFETY VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new construction of safety valve for steam,
air, or gas engines, whereby they are rendered more efficient in action
than those at present constructed.
The valve is made of a circular or ring form, and preferably with arms
springing over a central socket piece for the pin or pivot of the weighted
lever; the seating is of flat form, and has an annular opening or steam
way all round it; the valve rests within a recess of the seating plate, and
the socket works on a central stem to ensure the vertical action of the
valve.
The accompanying Drawing represents one form of safety valve such
90 would be suitable for a locomotive boiler The coating froma 33

page_text: body A is secured to the skin of the dome B, and has a circular channel
or steam way O in it. Upon the seating the ring valve D rests so as to
cover the circular channel, and prevents the escape of steam under the
pressure of the spring in the box E acting through the lever F in the
ordinary manner. The ring valve has three arms G springing from it to
a socket, the upper part of which is cupped for the pivot of the lever to
work in; the lower part of the socket is hollow and works over a stem H
to ensure the vertical action. It will be seen that the steam can escape
from both sides of the ring. .
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLINDS CONSTRUCTED WITH ROLLERS
Year: 1871

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parnell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
January 1871.
I, WILLIAM PARNELL, of Watton, in the County of Herts, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WINDOW BLINDS CONSTRUCTED WITH ROLLERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to roller window blinds, which roll around or
upon a roller, either by the action of a spring, as in the well known self-
acting spring roller blinds, or where the blind is rolled on the roller or
unrolled or lowered by means of an endless cord passed over a grooved
pulley on the roller of the blind, and over another smaller roller sliding
in a rack fixed to the frame of the window as commonly practised.
Both the above methods of rolling and unrolling window blinds are
continually getting out of order and the spring roller is very expensive.
Now the object and intention of this Invention is to simplify the
above-mentioned methods and to render them less expensive, and more
effective, which I propose to accomplish by the following means :-On
one end of the ordinary wooden roller of a window blind I fix a metal
roller with a V shaped groove in its periphery, and with a projecting

page_text: pin at its centre, and outside to serve as the pivot for the roller to turn
upon, another pin being also fixed to the opposite end of the said roller,
but instead of the aforesaid pins or pivots working in holes formed in
pieces of wood fixed to the lining of the box of the window, as commonly
practised, I employ an inverted L shaped piece of metal, one limb
whereof I screw to the top of the window frame, and in the other limb
I form a hole to receive the pivot of the aforesaid grooved roller, and the
opposite pivot of the roller I support by another inverted L shaped
piece of metal with a hole and slit formed therein, to enable the roller
to be removed at will. But the principal feature of novelty in this
Invention consists in fixing one end of a spring to that piece of metal
which supports the aforesaid grooved pulley, the other end of the said
spring carrying a small revolving roller rather narrower than the width
of the upper part of the groove in the aforesaid pulley, I then fix two
ends of a long cord to a tassel, or it may simply be an endless cord or
a cord with the two ends sewn together, this cord I pass over the afore-
said grooved pulley, at the same time lifting up the aforesaid spring
roller until the cord is fairly placed in the groove of the pulley, I then
release the spring, the roller of which then presses on that part of the
cord that comes immediately over the pivot of the pulley, by these
means the spring roller pressing on the aforesaid cord causes sufficient
friction thereon to hold the blind firmly at any desired height.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Rothwell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd July 1871.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE ROTHWELL, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN MACHINERY
EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
-
The object of my Invention is to obtain an economical power for
operating the shafts of ship propellers and for other purposes. For
this purpose I employ a steam engine or other prime mover to give
motion to a rotary or other pump to move and force a column of water
in pipes or passages, and I employ the force or pressure of the said
water to move pistons placed within cylinders when the said pistons
are collapsible to facilitate passing the centres, and are connected to
the main shaft to be operated, and there is placed in the pipes or
passages containing the water a pressure equalizer, that is to say, a
cylinder or vessel fitted with a piston to which steam or other elastic
fluid at pressure is admitted on one side.

page_text: On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 1 is a plan, and Fig. 2
a side elevation of machinery arranged under my Invention for pro-
pelling a ship.
a, steam engine; b, pump operated by a; c, pipes from the pump to
the cylinders d; e, collapsible pistons with connecting rods f, to the 5
main shaft g; h, pressure equalizer placed in c and fitted with piston i
and pipe for steam j; k, pipes leading from the cylinders d to the
pump 6.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS FOR CONDENSING THE EXHAUST STEAM OF PORTABLE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th October
1871.
I, JOHN ALISON, of No. 90, Lancaster Gate, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS FOR CONDENSING THE EXHAUST STEAM OF
PORTABLE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists in constructing condensers for condensing the
exhaust steam of steam engines in such a manner that the exhaust
steam is condensed by mixing it with a stream or streams of air in a
chamber wherein the condensed water is collected, and conducted away
to be again supplied to the boiler, whilst the air and uncondensed steam,
if any, pass off freely from the condensing chamber. The condensed
water may also be heated by the exhaust stcam before being again forced
back into the boiler.
The exhaust steam may be introduced through a pipe and nozzle into
the lower part of the condensing chamber, whilst a stream or streams of
air are likewise caused to enter the chamber through perforations at its

page_text: lower part. For this purpose the lower part of the chamber may be
surrounded with a casing, into which air is forced by a fan or other air
forcing apparatus. Any water condensed in the condensing chamber
flows away from it at the bottom into a pipe or casing surrounding the
exhaust steam pipe, and the condensed water thereby becomes highly
heated before being forced by the feed pump back into the boiler. At
the upper part of the condensing chamber is an outlet passage, which is
led around the chamber so as to form a circuitous outlet for the air and
uncondensed steam. Any condensed water collected in this outlet
passage is led off by a small pipe into the before-mentioned casing
surrounding the exhaust steam pipe. In place of air being forced into
the condensing chamber the current of exhaust steam as it enters the
condensing chamber through a contracted nozzle may be arranged to
draw in with it a stream or streams of air, or the exhaust steam and air
may both be drawn into a fan and be ultimately mixed together by the
fan as it revolves, and be driven by it into a condensing chamber such
as above described.
as above described.
The condensing chamber may conveniently be a vertical cylindrical
chamber, or it may be of other form, or be formed of an assemblage of
tubes or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Grainger at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1871.
I, ALFRED GRAINGER, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORGANS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of certain
parts of organs, and consists in making the "flue" and other pipes of
sheet iron (as a substitute for zinc hitherto employed), bent into the
form of a tube with the edges united by brazing or otherwise. The
lower or tapered portion of the pipe is similarly made and may be united
"countersink " of brass
to the pipe by brazing. It is provided with a
or copper
united to the lower end of the pipe for convenience in fixing
the latter, and to admit of regulating the passage of air therethrough if
necessary. The "language" is of the usual construction, and is inserted
in the pipe, and fixed therein by rivets or otherwise.
I also provide the reeds of organs with reed pipes of sheet iron (as a
substitute for lead hitherto employed), made as above described, and

page_text: fixed at the lower end into a block of brass or copper in which the reed
is fitted in the usual manner, the said block being received in the
ordinary boot.
By the use of sheet iron pipes constructed as above described, the tone
is greatly improved, and I am also enabled to enamel those pipes which 5
are visible by the well known process, and ornament the same with
any suitable design.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCE TRAPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mathew Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
September 1871.
I, MATHEW WILSON, of Hills Place, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCE TRAPS," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to an improved means of preventing the return
or rise of effluvia from drains through pipes leading thereto, and consists
in the use of a short length of flexible tubing suspended or fixed by
one end within the trap casing or in the drain or pipe.
The flexible tube through which the liquid must pass is so made
that it has a tendency to twist or coil itself up and close the passage
and prevent the rising of any air through the tube, which I may make
of vulcanized rubber or compounds of india-rubber. The weight of the
liquid distends or uncoils and opens a passage through the flexible tube,
which coils or closes immediately the liquid has passed through.`
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brooks and John
Fletcher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th May 1871.
We, EDWARD BROOKS, of Mount Pleasant Mill, Tottington, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and JOHN FLETCHER, of the same
Place, Power Loom Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN FABRICS, AND
IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to the manufacture of the woven fabrics
known as Turkish towels, and it consists in so arranging and constructing
the loom that these fabrics may be woven on an ordinary calico loom, in
which certain alterations are made, whereas it was heretofore customary
to employ a loom of a peculiar and more expensive construction.
In performing our Invention we apply two warp beams to the loom ;
the warp from one of these warp beams is acted upon by the vibrator,
which is worked from the tappet shaft in the ordinary manner, in order
to draw off at each alternate shoot of the weft as much warp as is

page_text: required to form the loops on the fabric; the warp from the other warp
beam is only drawn off as it is required to form the ground of the
fabric; the healds are worked by ordinary tappets, and the picking,
the weft fork, and the taking-up motions are made as in an ordinary
calico loom.