IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS ⚫ FOR LIFTING OR MOVING LIQUIDS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Borrows, of Sutton, near. St. Helens,
Lancashire, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
⚫ FOR LIFTING OR MOVING LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 23rd August 1864, and dated the 21st March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Borrows; at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st.
March 1864.
I, EDWARD BORROWS, of Sutton, near St. Helens, Lancashire, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention. for "IMPROVEMENTS IN,
PUMPS FOR LIFTING OR MOVING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
I construct the pumps either double or single, or with any convenient
number of barrels, and I cover the top of the pump; which may be square or
round, or of any other section or form, with a sheet of india-rubber or other
available flexible material hermetically sealed or fastened round the edges.
This india-rubber rises in a domed or arched form above the edges in the
central portion. By means of a rod and lever I force out a portion of the
water which is contained between the rubber and the clack valve below.in
the pump barrel, and by raising the rod the india-rubber rises, or may be
lifted by proper attachments, and forms a vacuum, which lifts the clack valves
and causes a further supply of water to flow up. And I form communicating

page_text: passages for the water outside the barrel of the pump, or I arrange mid-
feathers inside the barrel for the same purpose, viz., to facilitate the flow, and
by these means I dispense with the ordinary bucket valve, ram, or plunger
glands, or stuffing boxes working in the pump barrel, and obtain a freer
passage for the water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Borrows in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st
August 1864.
-
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
BORROWS, of Sutton, near St. Helens, Lancashire, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Borrows, Her special licence that I, the, said Edward Burrows, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Borrows, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR LIFTING
OR MOVING LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward
Borrows, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Borrows, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My improvements in pumps are illustrated by one Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 1 shew a pump with two barrels in side elevation partly

page_text: a denotes the suction pipe, the top of which 6 is covered with a network of
wire or a similar arrangement to prevent dirt passing upwards with the rising
stream of water; c, c, shews a double or breeches pipe into which the water
rises to the valve d, a cover e being removable by hand. to remove dirt; f
denotes the clack box door, to open when required to obtain access to the
valve ;g shews it open in section in the opposite barrel; h, h, denote passages
for the water to flow upwards, which may be one, two, or more in number;
i, i, shew the flange on the top of the barrel or chamber, to which is fastened
down a disc of india-rubber or other available flexible material; by a dome k,
with a flange corresponding to the flange of the barrel i, i, and bolted together;
through the top of the dome k passes a vertical rod 1, acted upon by the
lever m, which is provided with two connecting rods 1, 1, one for each barrel,
the lever vibrating in the central support n.
It is obvious that the pump
may be single barrelled, with a single lever if required. The vertical rod /
is connected to the india-rubber disc by two cupped washers o, o, the curved
sides in contact with the india-rubber so as not to cut it when in action, the
two cups being secured by. a screw and nut on the end of the rod l. The
upper clacks and, box are denoted by the dotted lines p, p, p. The lever
being vibrated up and down, the elastic cover will descend by downward
pressure, and the water will flow through the outlet q, Fig. 1, and by
upward lift the valve will be lifted on the lower clack box d to give admission
to another charge of water r, r, Fig. 1 and Fig. 1* denote in plain and dotted
lines the passage from the barrel to the outlet q. The materials of the pump
may be of any ordinary kind of metal, or the pump barrels or chambers may
be formed of the preparation of india-rubber called ebonite, or cast iron may
be lined with ebonite, or galvanized or painted or coated with any substance
to prevent rust or damage by acids; and the flexible disc may be of ordinary
or vulcanized rubber or prepared leather or other 'elastic material.
Fig. 2 shews in front elevation a similar double pump adapted to ships in
which the india-rubber disc j is corrugated for the purpose of obtaining more
play and easier action. This pump is arranged with two fly wheels, to which
handles may be applied, to be worked by two men, or which pump may be
single and worked by one man, or may have steam or other force applied in
any ordinary manner. In this case the vertical pump rods are connected to
a crank shaft k, the connecting rods being broken off, b denoting the cross
bracket for the beams or levers to vibrate on. The suction pipes are denoted
by m, m, passing through the sheeting into the bilge of the vessel, one on each
side the kelson n, n, so that in the rolling of the vessel one or other will be
constantly immersed in the water till sucked dry. Fig. 2ª denotes similar

page_text: parts on side elevation; a, being the lever; b, the discharging nozzle; and c,
the clack box.
Fig. 3 shews, in sectional elevation, to a larger scale, the barrel or chamber,
the outside passages for the upward flowing water and the india-rubber disc.
Fig. 8* shews the same in plan; a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, shew the outside passages
for the water. I find these outside or inside passages are. very important to
keep a free way in case of any disarrangement by the india-rubber disc closing
against the sides of the barrel and stopping the water.
Fig. 4 shews a similar arrangement, with the exception that instead of the
inside or outside passages for the upward flowing water, the interior of the
barrel or chamber. has a number of projecting ribs a, a, a, a, a, a, α, α, α,
attached to the side of the chamber, which have a similar effect in preventing
the closing of the india-rubber disc against the sides of the chamber; Fig. 4*
is a plan of the same.
Having. now described my said improvements, I desire- it to be distinctly
understood that what I claim as original is,
:
Firstly, the india-rubber disc, which may be of any other flexible material,
as an elastic close cover for. the pump chamber, which disc may be made
either flat or curved, or corrugated, or otherwise enlarged in surface, and which
cover, being alternately lifted above the flanges which confine it and depressed
below them, will have the effect of raising water from lower levels under the
ordinary atmospheric. conditions, or will force water or other liquids along
levels or downwards.
Secondly, I claim the separate passages inside or outside the chamber to
ensure the free flow of the water upwards in case of the elastic disc or cover
pressing against the sides of the chamber and preventing the flow of the
water.
Thirdly, I claim the ribs internal to the chamber for the same purpose viz*.,
ensuring the upward or other flow of the water.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Borrows, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this
in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
day of