Improvements in Steam Boilers or Generators.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th May, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 30th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Boilers or Generators.
We, JESSE AINSWORTH STOTT, and ABRAHAM HENTHORN STOTT Junior, of
5 Cross Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster Architects and Consulting
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to construct a water tube steam boiler or generator
in a more compact form than has hitherto been adopted, and so that the products
of combustion after leaving the furnace or furnaces shall come into contact with
the heating surfaces in a much larger proportion compared with surfaces of brick-
work or other material for casing in the boiler or generator than has hitherto been
attained in water tube boilers and in fact so that the products of combustion shall
be confined to come into contact with the heating surfaces of the boiler only,
almost as completely as they are in a boiler of the locomotive or marine tubular
type until they have completely passed through the boiler, so that a scarcely
appreciable portion of the heat from the products of combustion is wasted on the
brickwork or other material used for casing in the boiler.
The waste of heat from the products of combustion on the brickwork or other
material used for casing in the boiler is one of the chief defects of water tube
boilers as hitherto generally constructed.
The essential part of our boiler consists in the combination of a number of tubes
which contain water and are acted upon externally by the products of combustion.
The tubes are placed in an inclined position in a plane or planes across the boiler,
at a right angle to the line in which the products of combustion pass, a number of
them (one half by preference) being inclined in one direction and the remainder in
the reverse direction and by preference these two directions are at right angles to
one another. The tubes which are inclined in one direction are arranged in rows
parallel or nearly parallel with one another each row contains any desired number
of tubes placed one over the other and the tubes which are inclined in the opposite
direction are also arranged in rows parallel or nearly parallel with one another
and each row contains any desired number of tubes placed one over the other but
preferably the same number as the rows inclined in the opposite direction. The
rows of tubes inclined in one direction and the rows of tubes inclined in the
opposite direction are placed row behind row in the boiler in such sequence as may
be desired, but by preference inclined alternately one row in one direction and one
row in the opposite direction. The tubes in each row are placed by preference
one above the other in a vertical line, but they may be placed one above the other
in an irregular or "staggered" position.
The lower ends of the tubes are expanded by a tube expander or otherwise fixed
into headers or water slabs or chambers arranged in the ordinary and well known
manner commonly adopted in water tube boilers.
By preference we use one header to the lower end of each row of tubes and if
the rows of tubes are arranged as we prefer to arrange them, that is, inclined
alternately one row in one direction and one row in the opposite direction, alternate
headers at the lower ends will incline away from each other, thus the first, third,
fifth, seventh &c. headers are parallel with one another under one side of the water
tubes and the second, fourth, sixth, eighth &c. headers are parallel with one
another under the other side of the water tubes, the spaces between the headers
caused by their being inclined alternately in opposite directions are available for
cleaning the tubes externally by scrapers, brushes or other suitable means.
The products of combustion are prevented from escaping on the underside of the
water tubes by suitable doors which when opened permit of access to the water

page_text: tubes and the headers at the lower ends of the same for inspection and cleaning
but the action of heat tending upwards, and these doors being placed underneath
the products of combustion are exposed only in the alternate spaces between the
headers and very little heat will be communicated to them.
The headers are fitted with suitable doors or lids in the usual and well known
manner on the opposite side in each case from that into which the water tubes are
fixed to permit of expanding or fixing the tubes and of afterwards cleaning the
same internally and replacing them when necessary.
The higher ends of the tubes are expanded by a tube expander or are otherwise
fixed into headers or water slabs or chambers which may be arranged in the
ordinary and well known manner, but the use of headers of small capacity to the
upper ends of the tubes in water tube boilers is the cause of priming which is
the other chief defect in water tube boilers as hitherto generally constructed by
causing the steam generated in the tubes to rise violently through the narrow
passage and carry an undue proportion of water with it. We therefore prefer to
use water chambers of large capacity to the upper ends of the tubes permitting of
the steam generated in the tubes rising quietly to the surface of the water in
the boiler, as it does in boilers of the Cornish, Lancashire, marine or locomotive
types.
We prefer to form these water chambers of cylindrical shape and constructed
to receive as many rows of tubes as will make them of sufficient diameter to enable
a man to enter them for the purpose of expanding or fixing in the tubes and for
inspection and repairs.
The upper ends of the water chambers are connected to a water and steam
drum, and where there are facilities for carriage of large pieces we prefer the
water chambers to be flanged or fitted with angle rings and rivetted to the water
and steam drum so as to secure the full area in the connection therewith but where
there are difficulties of transport for large pieces, the water chambers can be fitted
with end plates and connected to the water and steam drum by suitable nipples or
pipes.
The water and steam drum may be connected with other drums by suitable
nipples or pipes so as to increase the water or steam room or both. Where there
are facilities for carriage of large pieces we prefer the lower ends of the water
chambers to be flanged or fitted with angle rings and rivetted to a continuous
plate for the water chambers on one side of the boiler and another continuous plate
for the water chambers on the other side of the boiler. To these plates we attach
by screw bolts a cover semi-circular or of other suitable form in section thereby
forming a continuous chamber connecting the lower ends of the water chambers on
one side of the boiler and forming a similar chamber connecting the lower ends of
the water chambers on the other side of the boiler. The removal of one of these
covers gives access to all the water chambers on that side of the boiler and the
removal of the other cover gives access to all the water chambers on the other side
of the boiler. Where there are difficulties of transport for large pieces cach
water chamber may be fitted with an end plate and a manhole of the ordinary
construction for giving access thereto. The lower ends of the headers to which
the lower ends of each row of tubes are attached are connected by nipples or other
suitable means to a water and mud drum placed underneath the boiler and the
lower ends of the water chambers to which the upper ends of the tubes are
attached are connected by suitable pipes to the water and mud drum.
The water and mud drum is fitted with a suitable manhole of ordinary construction
for giving access and with a blow off or mud tap.
The water and steam drum or druns are fitted with manholes safety valves
branches for supply of steam, water gauges, steam gauges and water feed valve of
the usual construction.
The furnace or furnaces is or are placed at the front of the boiler abové
described and may be enclosed in brickwork or other suitable material or formned
in the flues of a boiler of one, two or more flues connected with the boiler above

page_text: described in any suitable manner but we prefer to construct a furnace surrounded
by water chambers of sufficient size to admit a man for making the connections
and for inspection and repairs, these water chambers we prefer to make cylindrical
in shape and connected to one another and to and combined with the boiler above
described by suitable nipples or pipes.
They are supplied with water by pipes from the water and steam drum or
drums.
The back end of the boiler is enclosed by brickwork or other suitable material
and provided with a damper to regulate the draught. The products of combustion
are prevented from escaping between the water chambers of the furnace and also
between the water chambers to which the upper ends of the tubes are attached by
blocks of fire brick or other suitable material and the whole is covered with a
suitable non-conducting substance, the blocks last mentioned and the doors of
access are the only surfaces not being heating surfaces with which the products of
combustion come into contact until they have passed the boiler.
The whole of the parts are suspended by bolts and straps from columns and
girders of iron or other suitable material to allow of free expansion.
The action of our steam boiler or generator above described as we prefer to
make it is as follows, the combustible material is burned on the grate of the furnace
and gives its first heat to the water chambers surrounding the furnace the products
of combustion then pass across the water tubes at right angles or thereabouts to
the direction of the tubes coming in contact with row after row of the tubes which
present themselves to the action of the products of combustion in the form of grids
inclined at an angle of 45 degrees first in one direction and then in the other, the
products of combustion also come into contact with the underside of the water
chambers to which the upper ends of the tabes are attached and last of all arrive
at the brickwork enclosing the end of the boiler and pass through the damper to
the chimney or first through a feed water heater and then to the chimney. The
steam generated in the water chambers surrounding the furnace rises into the water
and steam drum or drums and cooler water descends into them by the pipes
hereinbefore described.
The steam generated in the water tubes rises through the water chambers at
the upper ends of the same freely into the steam and water drum or drums and the
cooler water descends from the lower ends of the water chambers by the pipes
hereinbefore described into the water and mud drum at the lowest part of the
boiler the heavy impurities are there deposited and the water ascends into the
headers at the lower ends of the tubes and then into the tubes. There is this a
constant circulation in all parts of the boiler, there is free access for the steam
generated to rise unimpeded to the surface of the water, the amount of heat from
the products of combustion expended on any surface but heating surface of the
boiler is practically inappreciable and the boiler is constructed almost entirely of
cylindrical parts of small diameter compared with ordinary boilers and subject
throughout to internal pressure only.
Dated this Twenty-sixth day of May 1891.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Boilers or Generators.
We, JESSE AINSWORTH STOTT and ABRAHAM HENTHORN STOTT Junior,
of 5 Cross Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Architects and
Consulting Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
The object of our invention is to construct a water tube steam boiler or generator

page_text: in a more compact form than has hitherto been adopted and so that the products of
combustion after leaving the furnace or furnaces shall come into contact with the
beating surfaces in a much larger proportion compared with surfaces of brickwork
or other material for casing in the boiler or generator than has hitherto been
attained in water tube boilers and in fact so that the products of combustion shall
be confined to come into contact with the heating surfaces of the boiler only,
almost as completely as they are in a boiler of the locomotive or marine tubular
type until they have completely passed through the boiler so that a scarcely
appreciable portion of the heat froin the products of combustion is wasted on the
brickwork or other material used for casing in the boiler. The waste of heat from
the products of combustion on the brickwork or other material used for casing in
the boiler is one of the chief defects of water 'tube boilers as hitherto generally.
constructed.
or
The essential part of our boiler consists in the combination and arrangement of
a number of tubes which contain water, and are acted upon externally by the
products of combustion. The tubes are placed in an inclined position in a plane
planes across the boiler at a right angle, or thereabout to the direction in which
the products of combustion pass, a number of them (one half by preference) being
inclined in one direction and the remainder in the reverse direction, and by
preference these two directions are at a right angle to one another. The tubes
which are inclined in one direction are arranged in rows parallel or nearly parallel
with one another each row contains any desired number of tubes placed one over
the other and the tubes which are inclined in the reverse direction are also arranged
in rows parallel or nearly parallel with one another, and each row contains any
desired number of tubes placed one over the other, but preferably the same number
as the rows inclined in the reverse direction. The rows of tubes inclined in one
direction and the rows of tubes inclined in the reverse direction are placed row
behind row in the boiler in such sequence as may be desired, but by preference
inclined alternately one row in one direction and one row in the reverse direction.
The tubes in each row are placed by preference one above the other in a vertical
line but they may be placed one above the other in an irregular or staggered
position. The lower ends of the tubes are expanded by a tube expander or other-
wise fixed into headers or water slabs or chambers arranged in the ordinary and
well known manner commonly adopted in water tube boilers. By preference we
use one header to the lower end of each row of tubes, and if the rows of tubes are
arranged as we prefer to arrange them, that is inclined alternately one row in one
direction and one row in the reverse direction, alternate headers at the lower ends
will incline away from each other thus the first, third, fifth, seventh &c., headers
are parallel with one another under one side of the water tubes, and the second,
fourth, sixth eighth &c. headers are parallel with one another under the other side
of the water tubes the spaces between the headers caused by their being inclined
alternately in reverse directions are available for cleaning the tubes externally by
scrapers, brushes or other suitable means. The products of combustion are
prevented from escaping on the underside of the water tubes by suitable doors,
which when opened permit of access to the water tubes and the headers at the
lower ends of the same for inspection and cleaning but the action of heat tending
upwards, and these doors being placed underneath the products of combustion and
exposed only in the alternate spaces between the headers, very little heat will be
communicated to them. The headers are fitted with suitable doors or lids in the
usual and well known manner on the opposite side in each case from that into
which the water tubes are fixed to permit of expanding or fixing the tubes and of
afterwards cleaning the same internally and replacing them when necessary.
The higher ends of the tubes are expanded by a tube expander or otherwise
fixed into headers or water slabs or chambers which may be arranged in the
ordinary and well known manner, but the use of headers of small capacity to the
upper ends of the tubes in water tube boilers is the cause of priming which is
the other chief defect in water tube boilers as hitherto generally constructed by

page_text: causing the steam generated in the tubes to rise violently through the narrow
passage and carry an undue proportion of water with it. We therefore prefer to
use water chambers of large capacity to the upper ends of the tubes permitting of
the steam generated in the tubes rising quietly to the surface of the water in the
boiler as it does in boilers of the Cornish, Lancashire, marine or locomotive types.
If the chambers into which the upper ends of the water tubes are expanded or
fixed are water slabs with flat surfaces they will require to be suitably stayed in
the usual and well known manner and they may be so constructed that the upper
portion of them.forms the steam space of the boiler or generator or they may be
connected by suitable branches or nipples with one or more steam and water drums.
We prefer to make the headers or water chambers into which the upper ends of
the water tubes are expanded, of cylindrical form and of such diameter that were
it not for the space required to be left for expansion each header or water chamber
would come into contact with the one adjacent to it on each side. Each of these
cylindrical headers or water chambers may be constructed to receive the upper
ends of more than one row of water tubes, but we prefer to use à separate header
or water chamber to receive the upper ends of each row of tubes. If the headers
or water chambers which receive the upper ends of the water tubes are not of
sufficient diameter to admit a man, they will require an opening, preferably of
circular form opposite each water tube for expanding or fixing in the tube and for
removing and replacing the same if necessary. The upper ends of the headers or
water chambers are connected by suitable nipples or branches with one or more
water and steam druns. If the headers or water chambers into which the upper
ends of the water tubes are fixed are of sufficient size to admit a man, they may be
connected at their lower ends to continuous chambers one in each side of the boiler
or they may cach be provided with a separate manhole and lid of ordinary con-
struction. The lower ends of the headers to which the lower ends of each row of
tubes are attached are connected by nipples or other suitable means to one or more
water and mud drum or drums placed underneath the boiler. The water and steam
drun or drums or the chambers at the lower ends of water chambers to which the
upper ends of the water tubes are fixed or some or all of them is or are connected
by suitable pipes with the water and mud drum or drums in a suitable manner to
allow of the cooler water descending into the latter.
The water and mud drum or drums is or are fitted with a suitable manhole of
ordinary construction for giving access and with a blow off or mud tap. The water
and steam drum or drums are fitted with manholes, safety valves, branches for supply
of steam, water gauges, steam gauges, and.water feed valve of the usual construction.
The furnace or furnaces is or are placed at the front of the boiler above described
and may be enclosed in brickwork or other suitable material or formed in the flues
or fire box of a boiler of one two or more flues connected with the boiler above
described in any suitable manner but we prefer to construct a furnace surrounded
by water chambers a sufficient number of which are of the necessary size to admit
a man for making the connections and for inspection and repairs-these water
chambers we prefer to make cylindrical in shape and connected to one another and
to combine with the boiler above described by suitable nipples or pipes. They are
supplied with water by pipes from the water and steam drum or drums. The back
end of the boiler is enclosed by brickwork or other suitable material and provided
with a damper to regulate the draught. The products of combustion are prevented
from escaping between the water chambers of the furnace and also between the
water chambers to which the upper ends of the tubes are attached by blocks of fire
brick or by asbestos or other suitable material and the whole is covered with a
suitable non-conducting substance.
The blocks last mentioned and the doors of access are the only surfaces, not being
heating surfaces, with which the products of combustion come into contact until
they have passed the boiler. The water and steam drums rest on or are suspended
by bolts and straps from columns and girders of iron or other suitable material and

page_text: the remai
ing parts hang suspended from the water and steam drum or drums to
allow of free expansion.
The figures upon the accompanying drawing represent a boiler constructed
according to our invention.
Fig. 1. is a cross section through the water tube portion of the boiler at line A, A,
on the longitudinal section.
1
זי
Fig. 2. is a cross section through the furnace at line B. B. on the longitudinal
section.
Fig. 3. is a longitudinal section through the centre of the boiler.
In both cross
sections the view is from front to back of the boiler. We will name some of the
parts by letters of reference.
-
a, are the water tubes of the first, third, fifth, seventh &c., sections, which incline
from left to right.
bare the water tubes of the second, fourth, sixth, eighth &c., sections which
incline from right to left.
e are the headers or water chambers into which the lower ends of the water
tubes a, are expanded.
d are the headers or water chambers into which the lower ends of the water tubes b,
are expanded.
el, and d, are lids of ordinary and well known construction which close openings,
preferably of circular form, permitting of expanding in the water tubes, and after-
wards of cleaning the same internally, and of removing and replacing defective
tubes.
e is a water and mud drum from which the headers and d, are supplied with
water through nipples e¹, which are expanded or otherwise fixed into the drum and
into the lower ends of headers. The drum e, is fitted with a manhole ², and a
branche, for attaching the mud or blow off tap. Between each of the headers c,
there is a space marked, on Fig. 3 and between each of the headers d, is a similar
space. These spaces are available for cleaning the exterior of the water tubes a,
and, by means of suitable scrapers and brushes.
y are headers or water chambers into which the upper end of the water tubes a
are expanded, or otherwise fixed and h, are headers or water chambers into which
the upper ends of the water tubes are expanded or otherwise fixed. The headers
or water chambers g, are preferably of cylindrical form, and of such diameter that
each header or water chamber would be in contact with the next one, were it not
for the small clearance space necessary to be allowed for expansion, and thus almost
entirely cover from end to end the right hand side of the water tube portion of the
boiler with effective heating surface.
The headers or water chambers, are similar to those g, and similarly almost
entirely cover from end to end the left hand side of the water tube portion of the
boiler.
g, are lids closing openings, preferably of circular form on the opposite side of
each header or water chamber y to that into which the water tubes are expanded
and are for the purpose of permitting the expanding in of the tubes a, and afterwards
of removing and replacing defective tubes. We prefer the openings to be bored
conically, larger on the inside, and the lids turned conically, so as to fit in, and be
held in their place by the pressure in the boiler.
92 is a mud door of ordinary construction, in each header or water chamber y
which also admits of introducing the lids g', into the same.
The headers or water chambers h, have each openings and lids, and a mud door
similar to those described for the headers or water chambers g.
j, and k, are water and steam drums of the usual construction, the headers or
water chambers y, are connected to the water and steam drum j, by tubes g³, and
the headers or water chambers h, are connected to the water and steam drum k, by
tubes, the ends of the tubes being expanded or otherwise fixed into the respective
headers and drums...

page_text: The water and steam drums j, and k, are fitted with the usual mountings, of a
boiler, namely j', and k', branches for taking the steam generated either directly or
through a steam drum.
1, fitted with an ante priming pipe P, a branch ², and a manhole and lid ..
branch for safety valve if two safety valves are employed the other may be in a
corresponding position on drum water gauge with, preferably a similar gauge
or drum k,, feed branch, there being a similar branch on drunk, both being for
supply of feed water by pipe, and feed valve, manhole and lid, the water
and steam drums j, and k, are connected with the water and mud drum e, by suitable
pipes m. The sides of the furnace are formed by two or more horizontal or slightly
inclined water chambers between which the grate bars o, or any suitable stoking
apparatus are or is fixed. The water chambers have suitable branches n', for
attaching mud taps and are connected together by nipples ², expanded or otherwise
fixed in' or by otlier suitable branches.
The top of the furnace is formed by water chambers p, preferably similar to the
headers or water chambers g, and h, and connected to the water and steam drums j,
and, by tubes p', similar to the tubes g³, and h³.
The water chambers a, are connected to the water chambers by nipples or
branches ³, similar to the nipples or branches. In the water chambers p:
P
opposite the nipples or branches n³, are openings and lids p², similar to the openings
and lids g', and each water chamber has a mudholė and lid p³ of ordinary:
construction. The front of the furnace is formed by one or more water chambers q
placed in a horizontal or slightly inclined position across and in front of the water
chambers and connected to each other and to the water chambers n, and the:
steam and water drums, and k, by nipples q', expanded or otherwise fixed in or by
other suitable branches. The water and steam drums, and k, are connected with
the lower water chambers, by suitable pipes, Fig. 2. on each side of the boiler.
We have now described by reference to the drawings the parts of the boiler
which contain the water and steam and which also mainly enclose the furnace fire
and the products of combustion but owing to the sectional character of the boiler
there are various interstices between those parts which require filling up to com-
pletely enclose the furnace fire and the products of combustion. For completing,
the enclosure of the front of the boiler a brick wall may be used but we prefer a
front of wrought or cast iron or steel shown at s, on Fig. 3. with a firebrick lining t
and containing the furnace door and frame .
We prefer to close the interstices between the inclined water chambers forming
the top of the furnace and the water tube portion of the boiler with asbestos rope
shown at r, which is again covered by one of the usual non-conducting substances
used for covering boilers shewn at w, on the drawings all other interstices with the
exception of the under side of the water tube portions of the boiler are covered by
fire clay tiles shewn at æ, on the drawings and the tiles are covered by non-conducting
material to. The water tube portion of the boiler under the lower headers c, and d,
is enclosed by suitable iron or steel doors y, with suitable framing, the doors when
opened give access to clean the outside of the water tubes and to remove the lids of
the lower headers for cleaning the insides of the tubes or for repairs. The back
of the boiler is enclosed by iron or steel plating or brickwork or a combination of
both in which is an opening to the chimney flue regulated by a damper of the usual
construction shewn at on Fig. 3. The water and steam drums rest upon girders &',
supported by columns y', of iron, steel or other suitable material and the remaining
parts of the boiler hang suspended from the water and steam drums. In the furnace
we prefer to put an arch of fire-clay blocks shewn at c¹, Figs. 2 and 3. to prevent
the products of combustion impinging on the water tubes until they have become
thoroughly mixed in the space above the arch.
The action of one steain boiler or generator, above described as we prefer to
make it is as follows:-
The combustible material is burned on the grates of the furnace o, and gives it
first heat to the water chambers n, surrounding the furnace, the products of

page_text: combustion then pass into the space above the arch, and then after thoroughly
mixing in the space above the arch and giving off a portion of the heat to the water
chambers pass across the water tubes a, b, at right angles or thereabouts to the
direction of the tubes coming in contact with row after row of the tubes which
present themselves to the action of the products of combustion in the form of grids
inclined at an angle of 45 degrees or thereabouts first in one direction and then in
the reverse direction, the products of combustion also come into contact with the
underside of the water chambers g, and h, into which the upper ends of the tubes a,
and are respectively fixed, and last of all arrive at the brickwork or other
material enclosing the end of the boiler and pass through the damper, to the
chimney, or first through a feed water heater and then to the chimney. The steam
generated in the water chambers n, surrounding the furnace and the water
chambers P: rises into the water and steam drums j, and k, and cooler water descends
into the lowest drums n, by the pipes a The steam generated in the water tubes a,
and b, rises through the water chambers g and at the upper ends of the same,
freely into the steam and water drums j, and k, and the cooler water descends from
the water and steam drums by the pipes m, into the water and mud drum e, at the
lowest part of the boiler. The heavy impurities are there deposited and the water
ascends into the headers e, and d, at the lower ends of the tubes and thence into the
tubes, there is thus a constant circulation in all parts of the boiler, there is free
access for the steam generated to rise unimpeded to the surface of the water. The
amount of heat from the products of combustion expended on any surface but
heating surface of the boiler is practically inappreciable, and the boiler is con-
structed almost entirely of cylindrical parts of small diameter compared with
ordinary boilers and subject throughout to internal pressure only.
1.
The advantages of our invention are as follows:-
A. Confining the action of the heat directly radiated from the fire and the heat
from the product of combustion to heating surfaces of the boiler, much more com-
pletely than has previously been done in water tube boilers.
B. Perfect circulation of the water in all parts of the boiler.
C. The access of the steam generated in the water tubes into the water and steam
drums or drum at numerous points along the length of the same and not through
narrow passages at one point as is usually the case in water tube boilers, and is the
cause of their priming..
D. Greater accessibility for cleaning the outside of the water tubes than has
previously been the case in water tube boilers.
E. When the furnace is surrounded by water chambers as we prefer to make it
obtaining the full benefit of the direct radiation from the furnace without the
liability to collapse unavoidable where the furnace is placed in a flue or chamber
subject to external pressure.
F. The safety naturally pertaining to boilers constructed in small sections.
G. The greater portability of a boiler constructed in small sections.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is: :-
1. The combination and arrangement in a steam boiler or generator of inclined
tubes which contain water and are acted upon externally by the products of com-
bustion with headers or water chambers (into which the ends of the tubes are fixed)
in such a manner that by reason of the tubes being arranged in rows in a plane or
planes at a right angle or thereabout to the direction in which the products of com-
bustion pass and a number of the rows of tubes being inclined in one direction and
the remaining rows of tubes in the reverse direction the headers or water chambers
into which the upper ends of the tubes are fixed are capable of being made to
-enclose or nearly enclose the upper half of the portion of the boiler in which the
tubes are placed by heating surfaces formed by the said headers or water chambers
substantially as hereinbefore described.

page_text: 2. The combination and arrangement in a steam boiler or generator of inclined
tubes which contain water and are acted upon externally by the products of com-
bustion with headers or water chambers (into which the ends of the tubes are fixed)
in such a manner that by reason of the tubes being arranged in rows in a plane or
planes at a right angle or thereabouts to the direction in which the products of
combustion pass and a number of the rows of tubes being inclined in one direction
and the remaining rows of tubes in the reverse direction the headers or water
chambers into which the lower ends of the tubes are fixed are capable (without
unnecessarily increasing the spacing of the rows of tubes along the direction in
which the products of combustion pass) of being arranged with spaces between
them along the lower half of the portion of the boiler in which the tubes are placed
permitting of cleaning the exterior of the tubes by scrapers and brushes substan-
tially as hereinbefore described.
3. The combination and arrangement in a steam boiler or generator of the
inclined tubes and the headers or water chambers arranged as in Claims 1 and 2
with one or more water and mud drums placed underneath the tubes and lengthways
in the direction in which the products of combustion pass and to which the headers
or water chambers at the lower ends of the tubes are connected substantially as
hereinbefore described.
4. The combination and arrangement in a steam boiler or generator of the
inclined tubes and the headers or water chambers arranged as in Claims 1 and 2
with one or more water and steam drums placed above the tubes lengthways in the
direction in which the products of combustion pass and to which the headers or
water chambers at the upper ends of the tubes are connected substantially as
hereinbefore described.
5. The combination and arrangement in a steam boiler or generator of the
inclined tubes and the headers or water chambers water and mud drum or drums
and water and steam drum or drums as described in Claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 with pipes
from the water and steam drum or drums to the water and mud drum or drums
substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. The combination and arrangement in a steam boiler or generator of the
inclined tubes and the headers or water chambers water and mud drum or drums,
water and steam drum or drums and connecting pipes as described in Claims 1, 2,
3, 4 and 5 with a furnace enclosed by water chambers connected with one another
and with the water and steam drum or drums by suitable nipples, branches, and
pipes, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
7. The combination and arrangement in a steam boiler or generator of the
inclined tubes and the headers or water chambers, water and mud drum or drums,
water and steam drum or drums and connecting pipes as described in Claims 1, 2,
3, 4 and 5 with a boiler of one or more flues or fire boxes containing furnaces,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
8. The combination and arrangement in a steam boiler or generator of the
inclined tubes and the headers or water chambers water and mud drum or drums,
water and steam drum or drums, and connecting pipes, as described in Claims 1, 2,
3, 4 and 5 with a furnace constructed in brickwork or other suitable material.
9. The combination and arrangement of steam boiler or generator substantiall v
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated this Twenty-third day of February 1892.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.