the Manufacture of Illuminating Conductors therefor.
Year: 1886

page_text: the Manufacture of Illuminating Conductors therefor.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to electric incandescence or glow lamps and to the manu-
facture of illuminating conductors therefor.
One object of the said invention is to provide a lamp the illuminating conductors
of which can be manufactured in a very cheap and simple manner and will not be
so liable to injury as the looped carbon filaments heretofore generally used in
incandescence lamps.
In making a lamp according to the said invention, two or more carbon rods or
pairs or groups of carbon rods are used instead of the looped filament ordinarily
employed. These rods or groups of rods are connected, at one end, with platinum
wire or other metal conductors, which are passed through and cemented in a disc
or piece of glass fixed in any convenient manner in one end of the bulb or globe,
for connection with the line or circuit. The said rods or groups of rods are con-
nected, at the other end, by one or more metallic bars or pieces of wire or other
suitable conducting material to complete the circuit through the said rods. These
bars or wires are either supported solely by the carbon rods or illuminating
conductors, or they are connected, by means of a rod or piece of glass or similar
material, with the bulb or globe. The said bulb or globe is sealed in the ordinary
or any suitable manner.
The carbon rods or illuminating conductors for the above described lamp are
simply and cheaply manufactured as hereinafter described, that is to say :-A paste
is formed of pulverized carbon mixed with tar or similar material. This paste
is put into a metal cylinder one end of which is perforated, and in which is fitted
a piston worked by a screw or other suitable means. By moving this piston
towards the perforated end of the cylinder, the carbon paste is forced through the
holes in the form of fine rods.

page_text: The said cylinder is, in some instances, provided with interchangeable perforated
ends having holes of different diameter so that carbon rods of any required
thickness can be produced by means of a single cylinder and piston.
When the rods have been thus forced through the said holes, they are cut into
the required lengths by means of a suitable knife or cutter and drop upon a metal
plate heated by gas or otherwise to dry the said rods. They are then placed in a
crucible or retort and subjected to a white heat to expel any deleterious matters
which they may contain.
The rods are then heated in a solution of chloride of platinum or of iridium and
chloride of lime or other suitable material to fill up the pores. The chloride or
other solutions can be varied in strength according to the degree of resistance
required. After this treatment, the rods are again heated on a metal plate to dry
them, and are then tested for resistance.
This mode of manufacturing carbon rods for incandescence lamps obviates the
necessity of "flashing" or treatment in gas to fill up the pores.
I prefer to make the carbon rods in the manner above described, but it is obvious
that such rods may be made by other means, if desired.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: improvements relating to Electric Incandescence Lamps, and to
the Manufacture of Illuminating Conductors therefor.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of the invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to electric incandescence or glow lamps, and to the
manufacture of illuminating conductors therefor.
One object of the said invention is to provide a lamp the illuminating conductors
of which can be manufactured in a very cheap and simple manner and will not
be so liable to injury as the looped carbon filaments heretofore generally used in
incandescence lamps.
In making a lamp according to the said invention, two or more carbon rods or
pairs or groups of carbon rods are used instead of the looped filament ordinarily
employed.. These rods or groups of rods are connected at one end with platinum
wire or other metal conductors, which are passed through, and sealed in, one end
of the globe or bulb for connection with the line or circuit. The said rods or
groups of rods are connected at the other end by one or more metal bars or pieces
of wire or other suitable conducting material to complete the circuit through the
carbon rods. These bars, wires or other conductors are either supported solely by
the carbon rods or illuminating conductors, or they are connected, by means of a
rod or piece of glass or similar material, with the bulb or globe to steady them.
The said bulb or globe is sealed in the ordinary or any suitable manner.
In the accompanying drawing, I have shown different forms or modifications of
my improved lamp.
Figure 1 is a front view of a lamp wherein two carbon rods are employed.
Figure 2 is a front view of another lamp having two carbon rods.
Figure 3 is a front view of a lamp wherein four carbon rods are used.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section through a lamp showing a modification of my
invention.
Figure 5 is a front view showing a pair of carbon rods and parts connected
therewith ready for insertion into a globe or bulb.
Figure 6 is a perspective view showing three pair of carbon rods and parts
connected therewith ready for insertion into a globe or bulb.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
a is the globe or bulb; b, 6 are the platinum wires, which are sealed into the
glass in the usual or any suitable manner. c, c are the carbon rods; which are
cemented or otherwise attached to the wires b. In the lamps shown in Figures 1
and 2, the carbon rods are connected by a metal bar or strip d secured to a rod e
of glass, which is sealed in the end a¹ of the globe a in the operation of closing the
same, and which extends upward and is connected with a glass rod or cross-bar e¹.
The platinum wires b are passed through this cross-bar so that it serves to steady
the carbon rods c. In the lamp shown in Figure 1, a tubular mirror fis placed

page_text: upon the rod e previous to its connection with the cross-bar e¹. This mirror serves
as a reflector and thus greatly increases the illuminating power of the lamp without
the expenditure of additional electrical energy.
In the lamp shown in Figure 3, the carbon rods c are all connected by means of
The
conducting cement contained in a glass cup e³ formed on the rod or stem e.
carbon rods are passed through the cement and through holes in the glass cup e³,
and are firmly held by the said cement. This lamp is also provided with a mirror
or reflector f
The reflector may be of any suitable shape; I find it very advantageous, when
four carbons are used, to make the said reflector as shown in Figure 4, so that
there will be a double reflection of each carbon rod, and the luminosity of the lamp
will be greatly enhanced.
In some instances, the carbon rods of the several pairs are connected by
platinum cross-bars d as in Figure 6. In this case, a star-shaped piece e³ of glass
is attached to the rod e, in place of the cross-bar el above described.
other suitable piece of glass is substituted for the cross-bar e¹.
Or a disc or
Any desired number of carbon rods or pairs or groups of carbon rods can be
arranged and connected either as shown or otherwise for the purpose of my
invention. The said carbon rods are connected either in series or in multiple arc.
A convenient manner of connecting them with the source of electricity, when more
than two are used, is to pass one of the conducting wires from the source of
electricity through the loops or eyes 61 of one half of the wires b, and the other
conducting wire through the loops or eyes of the remaining wires b, in such a
manner that they are in contact therewith.
By arranging two or more pairs of carbon rods in a group, as shown, for example,
in Figure 3, or in Figure 4, or in Figure 6, I am enabled to make incandescence or
glow lamps of very high candle-power, and, if desired, to construct an incandescence
or glow lamp having an illuminating power as great as that of an arc-lamp.
If desired, the wires or other conductors which connect the carbon rods are
passed through the globe or bulb and sealed in the glass, so that they extend
partially outside the same, but I prefer to arrange them entirely within the globe
or bulb as above described.
It will be seen that the said metal bars or conductors connect the carbon rods in
such a manner that the current first passes through one platinum wire and the
corresponding carbon rod and then traverses the metal bar or conductor and
returns through another carbon rod and platinum wire.
The carbon rods or illuminating conductors for the above described lamp are
simply and cheaply manufactured as hereinafter described, that is to say :-A paste
is formed of pulverized carbon mixed with tar or similar material. This paste is
put into a metal cylinder one end of which is perforated, and in which is fitted a
piston worked by a screw or other suitable means. By moving this piston towards
the perforated end of the cylinder, the carbon paste is forced through the holes in
the form of fine rods.
The said cylinder is, in some instances, provided with interchangeable perforated
ends having holes of different diameter, so that carbon rods of any required
thickness can be produced by means of a single cylinder and piston.
When the rods have been thus forced through the said holes, they are cut into
the required lengths by means of a suitable knife or cutter, and drop upon a metal
plate, which is heated by gas or otherwise to dry the said rods. They are then
placed in a crucible or retort filled with plumbago or other suitable material, and
subjected to a white heat to expel any deleterious matters which they may contain
and to re-carbonize them.
The rods are then heated in a solution of chloride of platinum or of iridium and
chloride of calcium or other suitable material to fill up the pores. The chloride or
other solutions can be varied in strength according to the degree of resistance and
illuminating power required. After this treatment, the rods are again heated on a
metal plate to dry them, and are then tested for resistance.

page_text: This mode of manufacturing carbon rods for incandescence lamps obviates the
necessity of "flashing" or treatment in gas to fill up
the pores.
I prefer to make the carbon rods in the manner above described, but it is obvious
that such rods may be made by other means if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent I wish it understood that I do not claim the use
of carbon rods in electric incandescence lamps except when they are connected by
metal bars, or other conductors for the purpose herein before specified, as I am
aware that à lamp has already been devised which has two carbon rods connected
with two platinum wires one of which is passed through one end and the other
through the opposite end of the globe or bulb for connection with the line or
circuit; nor do I claim generally or irrespectively of my improvements as herein
set forth the manufacture of illuminating conductors by forcing carbon paste
through a perforated plate, but I claim :-
First An electric lamp wherein two or more carbon rods or illuminating
conductors are arranged in a globe or bulb and are connected by one or more
metal bars or other conductors for the purpose specified.
Second In an electric incandescence lamp, the combination, with two or more
illuminating conductors, of a mirror or reflector, substantially as, and for the
purpose, set forth.
Third-The improved electric lamp constructed substantially as described with
reference to either of the forms or modifications shown in the accompanying
drawing.
Fourth-The manufacture of illuminating conductors for electric incandescence
lamps, by first forcing carbon paste through a perforated plate and cutting
the rods thus produced into pieces of the required length, then drying the said
pieces and subjecting them to a white heat in a crucible or retort and then heating
them in a solution of chloride of platinum and chloride of calcium or other
suitable solution and again drying them, substantially as, and for the purposes,
set forth.