IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hetherington, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and Archibald Vickers, of Bristol, in the
County of Gloucester, Cotton, Spinner, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 14th September 1855, and dated the 14th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hetherington and
Archibald Vickers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th March 1855.
We, JOHN HETHERINGTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, and ARCHIBALD VICKERS, of Bristol, in the County of
Gloucester, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in a method of arresting the motion of the
drawing frame upon a breakage of the material taking place between the
drawing and callendar rollers. In order to effect this, we apply an apparatus
upon the principle of scales for weighing, and upon which the broken end of
material falls, thereby causing it to become overbalanced at that end and
to turn upon a centre of motion. This turning causes the other end. of the

page_text: beam to rise and arrive in contact with the traversing or vibrating har usually
employed for the stop motion. This part of our improvements we also employ
for stopping the machine when a roller has become lapped, the accumulating
material constituting an increased diameter arriving in contact with the scale
or beam, and destroying the balance.
Secondly, our Invention consists in an arrangement for stopping the machine
upon a roller or.rollers becoming lapped. For this purpose we employ levers
beneath the rollers, and so situate as to be capable of being turned upon their
centres by the rising of the rollers consequent upon their becoming lapped;
and as the medium for effecting this operation, we employ the hooks by which
the ordinary weights are suspended.
Thirdly, our Invention refers to the throstle, and consists in an arrangement
by which the spindles are driven. For this purpose we employ one tin drum
for both sides of the machine, and in order to provide for a clearance of the
driving bands, we arrange the two rows of spindles so that they are not exactly
opposite to each other....
.Fourthly, our Invention applies to doubling frames, and consists in the
application of a roller or rollers situate between the flyers and. the delivering
rollers, and over which the yarn passes; these extra. rollers, being caused to
revolve thereby, will hold up the broken ends and prevent them from lashing
against the unbroken.
Another part of our Invention is applicable to machinery for doubling yarns,
also to slubbing or roving frames and other machinery, in which strands of
fibrous material are to be twisted together. Our object is to prevent a single
or diminished number of threads from being wound upon the bobbin or other
surface, and this we accomplish by employing apparatus which is kept in a
balanced or definite situation by the threads; but upon one of them becoming
broken, the said apparatus being no longer properly supported is allowed to
assume another position, so as to cause a breakage of the other thread or
threads.
In order to illustrate our Invention, we will describe certain arrangements
we employ. According to one plan we cause the threads to support an arm
or arms capable of turning upon a centre or centres; if one thread be removed,
the arm which it has supported will fall over and act as a shear for severing
the other.
In another arrangement we cause an arm or arms to be sustained by a
thread, which upon breaking allows the said arm to turn upon its centre, so
as to arrive in contact with a projection or recess upon the spindle or bobbin,
whereby the revolution thereof will be arrested.

page_text: Another method by which we prevent single going in consists in the appli-
cation of an arm, as aforesaid; but in this instance. the turning thereof will.
bring a wedge into action so as to raise the top roller. This arrangement we.
also employ for stopping the delivery when the yarn becomes slack, for in such
case the arm will be allowed to turn upon its centre and bring the wedge into.
antion
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Hetherington and Archibald Vickers in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th September 1855.
.:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HETHERINGTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
and ARCHIBALD VICKERS, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester, Cotton
Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Hetherington and Archibald Vickers, Her especial licence that we, the
said John Hetherington and Archibald Vickers, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Hetherington and Archibald
Vickers, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Hetherington and
Archibald Vickers, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Hetherington, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawing, that is to say: - .

page_text: Our Invention consists, firstly, in a method of arresting the motion of the
drawing frame upon a breakage of the material taking place between the
drawing and callender rollers.
In order to effect this, we employ an apparatus upon the principle of scales
for weighing, and upon which the broken end of material falls, thereby causing
it to become overbalanced and to turn upon a centre of motion. This turning
causes the other end of the beam to rise and arrive in contact with the traversing
bar usually employed for the "stop motion." This part of our improvements
we also employ for stopping a machine when a roller is become lapped.
Also, our Invention consists in an arrangement for stopping the machine
upon a roller or rollers becoming lapped. For this purpose we employ
levers beneath the rollers, and situate so as to be capable of being turned
upon their centres by the rising of the rollers consequent upon their becoming
lapped; and as the medium for effecting this, we employ the hooks by which
the ordinary weights are suspended.
Another part of our Invention refers to the throstle, and consists in an
arrangement by which the spindles are driven. For this purpose we employ
one tin drum for both sides of the machine, and in order to provide for a
clearance of the driving bands, we arrange the two rows of spindles, so that
they are not exactly opposite to each other.
Also, our Invention applies to doubling frames, and consists in the appli-
cation of a roller or rollers situate between the flyers and the delivering
rollers, and over which the yarn passes; these extra rollers, being caused to
revolve thereby, will hold up the broken ends and prevent them from lashing
against the unbroken.
Another part of our Invention is applicable to machinery for doubling yarns,
and also to slubbing or roving frames and other machinery in which strands of
fibrous material are to be twisted together. Our object is to prevent a single
or diminished number of threads from being wound upon the bobbin or other
surface, and this we accomplish by employing apparatus, which is kept in a
balanced or definite position by the threads; but upon one of them becoming
broken, the said apparatus, being no longer properly supported, is allowed to
assume another position, so as to cause a breakage of the other thread or threads.
Another method by which we prevent single from going in consists in the
application of an arm, as aforesaid; but in this instance the turning thereof
will cause the top roller to be arrested.
And in order that these several parts of our Invention may be fully under-
stood, we have appended to this our Specification certain illustrative Drawings,
which we will now proceed to described.

page_text: Our first improvement is shewn at Fig. 1, which represents a portion of a
drawing frame in section. The callender rollers are shewn at a, and the front
drawing rollers at 6; between these is situate a pan c extending across any
desired number of rollers, and affixed to one end of a beam or lever d, d.
This lever is furnished at e with a knife edge resting upon a fixed part f, and
upon which it is therefore capable of turning. The other end d of the lever
is situate beneath a notched bar g, to which a reciprocating motion is imparted,
as in ordinary stop motions applied to drawing frames, and it is retained
balanced in that position by means of weights h, h*. Suppose an end or ends
to break between the callender and drawing rollers, the severed material will
fall into the pan c, and the lever d will thereby become overbalanced at that
end, so as to effect its turning upon the centre e, by which means the end d*
will be caused to turn upward, and will be protruded into a notch of the bar g,
in consequence of which the machine will be stopped in the ordinary manner.
The apparatus above described is also applicable to the stopping of the
machine upon the front roller becoming lapped, for then the increased diameter
thereof will arrive in contact with the end of the pan c, and will cause the
lever d, d, to turn upon its centre, as above described. The Figure above
referred to also exhibits another portion of our Invention. The ordinary
straps which carry the weights for loading the rollers are shewn at h. To
these, rods i are connected, the lower ends of which support the weights j by
means of nuts k, which nuts project sufficiently to be situate beneath a lever 7,
one for each end of a roller, and capable of turning with a shaft m. Upon
this shaft is another lever n, the outward end of which is beneath the weight h*
before referred to, and which is suspended from the lever d, d, by a knife edge.
The weight his capable of being adjusted vertically by a nut o, so as to
enable it to be raised or lowered in order to regulate its proximity to the lever n.
Suppose a lapping of one of the rollers to take place, the upper one will be
caused to rise, and its rod h being lifted therewith, will cause the lever to
turn the shaft m, by which means the lever n will also be turned so as to
arrive in contact with and lift the weight *, and the balance of the lever
d, d, being thereby destroyed, the end d will rise and arrive in contact with
the notched bar g, as above described. We have shewn two portions of our
improvements combined in Fig. 1, but it will be evident that they may be
employed separately, if desired; and in reference to the last-described appa-
ratus we would observe, that the lever 7 may be placed above the framework P₁
and in some arrangements of drawing frames this may be desirable.
Our improvement in throstles is shewn at Figs. 2 and 3, in which a repre-
sents the spindles, over the wharves of which the band. passes, and from thence

page_text: around a central drum c. By reference to Fig. 2 it will be observed, that the
spindles a are not placed exactly opposite to each other; the band therefore in
passing from the one to the other is caused to traverse the drum at different
parts of its surface, and one portion of the said band will therefore run clear
of the other.
The next part of our improvements is shewn at Fig. 4, which represents
a portion of a doubling frame; upon the front part of the frame thereof
we adapt a roller a, over which the threads pass. Should one or more strands
become broken, they will be held up by the said roller, and will be prevented
from lashing against the others.
The next part of our improvements is shewn at Figures 5 and 6, which
represent a detached portion of a doubling frame. In Fig. 5, b,.b, represent
the delivery rollers; behind these are situate two short levers c, c, (see the
detached view, Fig. 6), mounted so as to be capable of turning upon centres
affixed to a stationary part, and which levers are sustained in the position
shewn by the threads as they pass towards the spindles. Suppose one of the
threads to break (that, for instance, which supports the lever c), the said lever
being no longer held will fall over upon its centre, and pressing upon the
thread on the lever c* will act as a shear to sever it, thereby preventing a
single from being wound upon the bobbin. A modification of this part of our
Invention is shewn at Figs. 7 and 8. In this instance the threads, after passing
through slots in a fixed part d, d, are caused to run at an angle against an
arm e capable of of turning upon a centre, whereby the said arm is retained
in a vertical position. Upon a thread, however, becoming broken, (that shewn
at d, for instance,) the pressure of the other will cause the arm e to turn
over upon its centre, and a projecting part f will arrive in contact with the
unbroken thread d, and sever it against the fixed part through which it passes.
In like manner, if the other thread become broken, a projecting part f, also
formed upon the arm e, will sever the unbroken thread. In Fig. 9, a rod g
attached to a lever h rests upon the threads. This lever is capable of turning
upon a fixed centre i, but is kept in a definite position by the tension of the
yarn. Should, however, one or more threads become broken, the said lever
will no longer be retained in that position, and the end g thereof falling, will
cause the other to rise and carry a projecting part i against the under side of
the bobbin, so as to cause it to pass into a cavity k, thereby arresting its revo-
lution and causing a breakage of the thread. If spindles instead of bobbins
be employed, the lever h may be caused to intercept the revolution of a part
projecting therefrom.
The next part of our Invention is shewn at Fig. 4, previously referred to,

page_text: in which a lever l, mounted upon a centre m attached to a stationary part, is kept
by the tension of the threads in a definite position; the other end of the lever is
furnished with a wedge n, situate behind the delivery rollers. Upon one or
more threads becoming broken, their tension will no longer sustain the lever
in the position shewn, and it will then turn upon its centre, so as to bring the
wedge n between the rollers, the upper of which being by these means raised,
will cease to deliver the material. In Fig. 9 a modification of this part of
our improvements is shewn. In this instance the lever is kept in a definite
situation by being situate beneath the threads, and the wedge n is loaded, so
as to be the heavier part; upon a thread breaking, therefore, it will turn
downward upon its centre and raise the upper roller.
:
Another method of rendering the rollers inopperative is also shewn at Fig. 9.
Upon the lever I is a projecting stud p, which upon a thread breaking rises
against the periphery of the top roller, and subsequently falls into a recess q,
whereby the further revolution of the roller will be prevented. The two
methods are shewn together in the Drawing, but they can of course be
employed separately, a simple weight being adapted in place of the wedge for
the last described method. We have shewn and described our methods of
preventing a diminished number of threads from being wound as applied to a
doubling frame, but the same are applicable to slubbing or roving frames or
other machines in which two or more strands are to be twisted together, and
the several adaptations will be readily made by all competent persons.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that we claim, as secured to us under the above in part recited
Letters Patent,―
Firstly, as applied to the drawing frame, the adaptation of the scale or
balance lever d, d, for arresting the motion of the machine upon a breakage
taking place, or upon a roller becoming lapped. Also, as applied to drawing
frames, the adaptation of a lever or other apparatus beneath the drawing rollers,
such lever or apparatus being operated upon by the lapping of the material, so
as to bring the stop motion into action, and the employment for that purpose
of the hooks h by which the weights are suspended.
Secondly, as applied to throstles, we claim placing the spindles so that
those on one side are not opposite to those on the other, for the purpose above
set forth.
Thirdly, in reference to doubling frames, we claim the application of rollers
or other apparatus for holding up the broken end or ends, as illustrated at a,
Fig. 4.

page_text: Fourthly, as applied to doubling frames, slubbing or roving frames, and
other machines, as aforesaid, we claim the use of apparatus for severing the
remaining thread or threads upon one or more becoming broken by the
operation of the machine; also, the use of apparatus for arresting the action
of the top roller when a thread breaks, either by raising the said roller or
causing it to be locked..
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hetherington, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JOHN HETHERINGTON. (L.B.)
Signed by the within-named John Hetherington,
in the presence of
THOS. SPENCER SAWYER.