IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL WHALEBONE, APPLI- CABLE TO UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, STAYS, HATS, BONNETS, REEDS, CRINOLINES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Rudolph Wappenstein, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engraver and Printer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL WHALEBONE, APPLI-
CABLE TO UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, STAYS, HATS, BONNETS, REEDS, CRINOLINES,
AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Sealed the 16th November 1858, and dated the 8th June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Rudolph Wappenstein
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th June 1858.
I, RUDOLPH WAPPENSTEIN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engraver and Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR ARTIFICIAL WHALEBONE,
APPLICABLE TO UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, STAYS, HATS, BONNETS, REEDS, CRINOLINES,
AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I take the horns of animals, and cut them spirally, either by hand or
machinery, to any required breadth or dimensions; I then open or untwist
the said spiral so cut, and submit it to the necessary pressure to flatten it, by
which process I obtain a length of artificial whalebone varying with the size
of the horn and the width of the spiral cut.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Rudolph Wappenstein in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RUDOLPH
WAPPENSTEIN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engraver and Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS 1er most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Rudolph Wappenstein, Her special licence that I, the said
Rudolph Wappenstein, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Rudolph Wappenstein, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL WHALEBONE,
APPLICABLE TO UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, STAYS, HATS, BONNETS, REEDS, CRINOLINES,
AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Rudolph Wappenstein, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Rudolph Wappenstein, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say):-
I take the horns of animals, and cut them spirally, either by hand or
suitable machinery, to any required breadth or dimensions; I then open or
untwist the said spiral so cut, and submit it to the necessary pressure to flatten
it, by which process I obtain a length of artificial whalebone, varying with
the size of the horn and the width of the spiral cut, the said artificial whale-
bone being applicable to the manufacture of umbrellas, parasols, stays, hats,
bonnets, reeds, crinolines, shuttles, pickers, scabbards for swords, and other
similar purposes.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set forth,
as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle
thereof; but I claim as my invention, and which to the best of my knowledge
and belief has not been hitherto used within the realm, the cutting of horns
spirally, so as to obtain artificial whalebone in long lengths, applicable to the
purposes herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Rudolph Wappenstein, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
thereof;
nvention, and which to the best of my knowledge
and belief has not been hitherto used within the realm, the cutting of horns
spirally, so as to obtain artificial whalebone in long lengths, applicable to the
purposes herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Rudolph Wappenstein, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
RUDOLPII WAPPENSTEIN. (L.S.)
Witness to the signature of the within-
named Rudolph Wappenstein,
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.