Improvements relating to Drying and Carbonizing Apparatus for Textile and other Matters.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 30th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Drying and Carbonizing Apparatus for
Textile and other Matters.
:
We, GÉRARD DASSE and CHRISTIAN FETTWEIS, both in care of Messrs.
E. Bede & Cie. of 37 Rue Philippe le Bon Brussels in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of these improvements is to obtain an automatic and continuous
drying and carbonizing of wool or any other matters of any description in a
closed chamber.
The invention consists in enclosing a drying or carbonizing machine of any kind
in a chamber, or system of chambers in communication with each other, in which
is situated a ventilator adapted to draw off the interior air and pass it through any
suitable heating apparatus previous to again circulating it through the matter
undergoing the operation of drying or carbonizing. The matter being charged
with water, the hot air will evaporate a sufficient quantity to become saturated.
If after this saturation the saturated air has a temperature above 100° C., its
pressure will exceed one atmosphere and part of it will issue at the outlets for the
material treated which are necessary in apparatus of this kind. If this saturated
air is immediately passed through the heater its temperature will become raised
and its saturation point will become correspondingly greater so that when again
passed through the drier it will take up further moisture, and the operation may be
repeated in the same manner.
If the escape of this mixture of air and vapour only occurs at the outlets of
the machine, it would happen that the escape would be produced principally where
the air was hottest and consequently where the loss would be the greatest.
To avoid this loss of heat, we have supplimented the ordinary outlets of the
apparatus with an outlet for the air, capable of being regulated at will and situated
at that point where the saturation is most complete, namely near the entrance for
the matters to be treated.
'
Apparatus for the drying of wool and other matters in the above described manner
may be constructed as follows;-
In a closed chamber are arranged a number of superposed endless aprons
permitting the passage of air through them. These aprons revolve in alternate
directions and are spaced to form between them passages for the matter to be
treated and if desired these passages may be of increasing size or the inferior
aprons may have increasing speeds to allow for the swelling up of the matter as it
dries. Curved plates complete the passages at the ends, and guide the material
from each passage to the next. The ventilating fan or equivalent device is
arranged to draw off the air above the system of aprons, pass it through the heater
and return it to the closed chamber below the system of aprons. The outlet for
such saturated air as is permitted to pass off is arranged above the system of
aprons and communicates with a chimney. It is provided with a suitable slide or
register to adjust the amount of passage way through the outlet.
Dated this 1st day of December 1893.
R. HADDAN,
Agent to Applicants.

page_text: Improvements relating to Drying and Carbonizing Apparatus for
Textile and other Matters.
We GÉRARD DASSE, and CHRISTIAN FETTWEIS, both in care of Messrs.
E. Bede & Cie., of 37 Rue Philippe le Bon, Brussels in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to effect the drying of textile or other materials
by passing them in a continuous manner through a well closed automatic apparatus
having an orifice which can be regulated at will, to which a heating apparatus and
a ventilator is attached in such a manner as to allow a gaseous current to con-
tinuously circulate in contact with the material to be treated, and thence by the
heating apparatus in such a way, that said gaseous current by first acquiring a
higher temperature than 100° C., without its pressure surpassing that of the
atmosphere, will soon turn into superheated vapour.
On starting the circulation, the atmospheric air which exists in the machine and
is sucked up by the heating apparatus, meets the moist material and transforms the
water contained therein into steam.
Owing to the surplus pressure which occurs, in consequence of the continuous
supply of new moist material, a portion of the air and of the vapour escapes
through the openings which always exist in an apparatus of this kind even if
otherwise well closed.
The gaseous mixture remaining in the machine and passing continuously about
the heating apparatus, becomes more and more heated therein and as the escape of
certain quantities of air and vapour continues, the proportion of air contained in
the gaseous mixture will become insignificant, so that in fact the subsequent drying
is done by a current of superheated vapour, which keeps its superheated quality as
long as it derives from the heating apparatus, such quantities of heat as are more
than sufficient for vapourizing the moisture contained in the material to be treated.
It will therefore be sufficient to raise the temperature in the heater to any desired
degree, and thus heat the vapour which traverses the material to be dried."
It is thus possible with only one apparatus not only to dry certain materials but
also to carbonize the same, that is to say, to burn the foreign matters which are
contained therein.
As in practice the air and the vapour enclosed in the apparatus would not
always be capable of escaping sufficiently quickly through the leakages of the
apparatus, we have considered it useful to provide for the gaseous mixture an
exit which is made adjustable at will and arranged preferably close to the
entrance for the material into the machine, that is to say at that point where, on
starting the action of the apparatus, the mixture is charged with the largest
amount of vapour and subsequently (that is to say during the normal action) the
superheated vapour is the least hot.
In the annexed drawing we have illustrated our system as applied to an apparatus
for drying and carbonizing wool and woollen goods.
In said drawings Figures 1 to 4 represent the apparatus for drying the wool.
Several endless aprons T T T etc. are superposed parallel to each other at
listances which correspond to the thickness of the layer of wool which is supplied
at the entrance E of the second apron T. The first apron T¹ only serves to
maintain the drawn in layer of wool between the two aprons mentioned. Owing
to the swelling which takes place in the wool as it dries, we increase the intervals
between the aprons in their direction from above toward below or increase the
speeds of the lower aprous.

page_text: Curved sheet iron plates S are arranged at the extremities of the aprons so as to
complete the channels formed between the aprons for receiving the wool, in such a
manner that the latter remains continuously enclosed during its passage and so that
the air being only allowed to pass from below the apparatus towards the top will
traverse all the layers of wool.
These sheet iron plates may be advantageously replaced by small endless aprons
such as shown in Fig. 5.
Above the entrance for the wool a tube P is provided furnished with_an
aperture F, on the top of which tube an exhaust or evacuating chimney V is
arranged; the aperture F can be totally or partially shut up by means of a
valve R, actuated by hand.
The whole is enclosed in a chamber connected by a canal B with another
chamber containing a heating apparatus C and enclosing a ventilator V placed
between the heating apparatus and the machine, the chambers being constructed in
such a way that there is in the free air only the pulley and the head of the
ventilator.
In order that wools of very different qualities may be treated, we construct the
transmission pulleys for giving movement to the machine either stepped or conical
for allowing of varying speeds being given to the aprons.
The Figures 6 to 8 represent a machine for carbonizing wool textiles. As the
textile fabrics become rolled up by themselves over the rolls R, the aprons T can
be omitted as they are in fact replaced by the stuff itself, and sheet-iron plates S
are provided, which form baffle plates forcing the air first and afterwards the
superheated vapour to pass successively in contact with the different superposed
portions of the stuff.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The improved means of drying and carbonizing textile material and textile
products or the like by the aid of currents of superheated vapour generated in
an automatic apparatus presenting an orifice, adjustable at will and arranged
preferably near the entrance for the material, the current being produced by a
ventilator placed between the drying apparatus and a heater, said ventilator
causing the vapour which is liberated from the matter to be dried, and that which
has not escaped through the orifice, to continually circulate in said heater,
substantially as described.
2. Utilizing the above described processes by the application of apparatus and
arrangements substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 30th day of August 1894.
R. HADDAN,
Of the Firin of Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.