Perpetual Engine for Heavy Stationary Work, and to Work at any desirable Power.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 27th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 13th June, 1896
TRUVIDIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Perpetual Engine for Heavy Stationary Work, and to Work at any
desirable Power.
JAMES DAVIES No. 9 Belle Vue Street Swansea County Glamorgan Ship-
master I JAMES DAVIES do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
A piece of machinery that will keep in motion entirely of its own accord, as long
as the materials used will last to wear, and will work at any desirable power according
to the demensions of the materials used.
A tank is made both air and water tight either square, round or any other shape;
when made square the sides of one of its ends will be inclined to its perpendicular,
and will form the shape of a wedge, while a portion of the other will remain square
when made round, one of its ends will be conical, while a portion of the other will
remain round, it is to be placed in a perpendicular position in this case when ready
to work and pointed end downwards in both cases; in this tank, (which will be.
termed accumulator hereinafter throughout the work) either air or water may be
used or both combined, and are pressed therefrom by a heavy ram and springs,
(the springs to regulate the pressure as required) the ram is fixed in the round or
square part of the accumulator as the case may be, and its full weight rests on the
substance used, therefore the weight of the ram is equally distributed over its
surface; then the weight of the ram is collected by the inclination of the sides of
the lower part of the accumulator and thrown on its apex; we have the full
weight of the ram less friction, and the resistance of the inclined plane thrown on
a very small area; thus an immense pressure is gained without any mechanical aid
whatsoever the apex is connected to suitable machinery, and the substance used
is pressed back after doing its work by a conical ended cylinder to the upper part
of the accumulator, where there is less pressure on the square inch than at the
apex; therefore we have much greater power on the machinery than what is
required to press the substance used back to where it came from; the power we
have over and above that which is required to press the substance used back, is
what keeps the machinery in perpetual motion; thus the substance used makes a
complete circuit, leaving the apex of the accumulator at a very high pressure, and
enters its upper end at a very low pressure, because the full weight of the ram is
distributed over a much greater area; we will say for instance the apex of the
accumulator to have an area of 1 square inch, and the area of the upper end to be
500 square inches, we will say the ram weighs 500 lbs. that will give 1 lb. on the
square inch at the upper end of the accumulator while we have at the apex 500 lbs.
on the square inch less. friction and the resistance of the inclined plane, both
conbined are not very great, the inclination of the sides of the accumulator may be
made at any angle, the smaller the angle greater the pressure. Also there is
another accumulator attached to this machinery, which works horizontally, and is
based on the same principle as the perpendicular accumulator, so there's no necessity
of explaining it in this Specification:-the power on the main shaft of this machine
will be about 31,000 tons theoretically speaking, it can be increased or decreased
according to the demensions of the materials used, the quoting of numbers in this
Specification is for the purpose of making my invention more clearly understood,;
all made substantial for the purpose specified.
Dated this 8th day of August 1895.

page_text: Perpetual Engine for Heavy Stationary Work, and to Work at any
desirable Power.
JAMES DAVIES Skyvog Solva St. Davids County Pembroke Shipmaster do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention is a piece of machinery that will keep in motion entirely of its
own accord as long as the materials used will last to wear, that is without the aid
of any other independent power in any manner whatsoever, and will work at any
desirable speed or power according to the demensions of the materials used.
The principle of this invention is based on the theory of the well known
mechanical power the wedge or the inclined plane only instead of using the wedge
materially, I deal with air or water or both combined on the same principle as the
wedge that is by collecting the power applied to a smaller area with the aid of the
inclined plane then applying the collected power to the machinery used, which will
be fully explained hereinafter, then returning the substance used to where the
power was first applied or where it first originated, where there is less resistance
than at the point of small area where the full power has been collected. Firstly
a cylinder is made both air and water tight, either round square or any other shape,
and has one of its ends pointed in the form of a wedge or a cone, while the other
eud which is of the greatest area will be open to receive a ram in the form of a
piston, this cylinder will be termed accumulator hereinafter; the ram which is
weighted or made in one piece of some heavy material for the purpose of pressing
the substance used in the accumulator; if water or air are used the full weight of
the ram will be thrown on the pointed end of the accumulator and the pressure will
be the weight of the ram less friction and the resistance of the inclined plane.
E
The power intended to work the machinery is that which is over and above what
is required to press the substance used back to that part of the accumulator, which is
of the greatest area, and has the least pressure on the square inch, that is where the
weighted ram is resting. quote the following numbers as an example to make my
invention more clearly understood, we will say for instance that the part of the
greatest area of the accumulator has an area of 500 square inches, and the ram
weighs 2031.2 lbs. that will give a pressure of 4 lbs. on the square inch; I find by
calculation that when 2000 lbs. is resting against a plane which is inclined to its'
perpendicular say at an angle of 10%, to be about 31.2 lbs. this being not so great'
as if the weight had been resting in any other way except vertically, in this case
the accumulator is placed perpendicularly; therefore the resistance of the inclined
plane in this case is 31.2 lbs. for the convenience I add this to the weight of the
ram which is 2000 lbs. + 31-2 lbs. = 2031.2 lbs. now allowing 531.2 lbs. for
friction and the resistance of the inclined plane we have 1,500 lbs. clear pressure
on the pointed end of the accumulator where there is an opening for the substance
used to escape, the opening to be of any suitable demensions as may be required,"
for convenience we will say 1 square inch of an area which will have the weight
of 1,500 lbs. resting on it or a pressure of 1,500 lbs. on the square inch, while we
have on the upper end of the accumulator or the part of the greatest area only
4 lbs. on the square inch; now we have a pressure of 1,500 lbs. against a resistance
of 4 lbs. when we come to return the substance used to that part of the accumulator;'
let this pressure, that is the pressure of 1,500 lbs. to the square inch be
communicated by a pipe suitably arranged to the valve chest of an ordinary
cylinder in the usual way, the piston rod of this cylinder to be attached to a shaft.
and a fly wheel, the axle of the wheel to work the eccentric, as usual in other
machinery, we will say the piston that works in the cylinder has an area of

page_text: =
100 square inches, now the working power of the piston will be 1,500 lbs. x 100
=150,000 lbs. theoretically speaking, let a pipe be communicated between the
exhaust of the cylinder just mentioned for conveying the substance used to another
cylinder of a trifle greater demensions, to receive a quantity of air along with the
water when water is used, which is admitted by a valve for the purpose on the
cylinder, this cylinder has its both ends made conical or pointed in the shape of a
cone say inclined 10°, to its horizontal or perpendicular plane as the case may be,
then pipes to be attached to these pointed or conical ends aud communicated with
the upper end of the accumulator, now the resistance we have to overcome is
100 x 4 lbs. 400 lbs. by using a flat headed cylinder, or in a plainer way of
speaking we will, require 400 lbs. pressure on the piston to overcome the 4 lbs. of
pressure on the square inch in the accumulator, while by using the pointed headed
cylinder, 50 lbs. will be ample, now we have the power of the first cylinder and
piston which is 150,000 lbs., less 50 lbs.-for resistance, less, 2000 lbs. for friction
leaves 147,950 lbs. or about 65 tons clear working power. The accumulator just
described is placed perpendicularly, so naturally the one end may be termed the
lower and the other the upper; on the upper surface of the ram, springs are used,
and fixed perpendicularly of a crescent shape or any other, to act similar to an
ordinary carriage spring, as many leaves as may be required to give them sufficient
stability or resistance when pressed; on the upper part of the convex and in the
upper part of the concave firmly fixed to the springs are two flat pieces of any
suitable material for the purpose of holding the springs in a perpendicular position,
so when pressure is exerted on the middle of the upper part, there will be equal
pressure on all the springs at the same time, in the concave of these springs, an
equal number of spiral springs in the form of supports, the flat pieces mentioned
above resting on them the object of these is to obtain greater pressure, and the
object of all the springs combined is to impart greater pressure on the ram when
required instead of using additional weights.
The pressure imparted on these springs is done by a worm and wheel the teeth
of the wheel being of a very small pitch, or on a small inclination to the perpen-
dicular plane for the purpose of gaining a heavier pressure, the supports of the
worm are firmly fixed on the upper surface of the ram, the axle of the cogwheel
mentioned is fixed perpendicularly, one end resting on the slabs fastened on the
springs mentioned above, while the other has a screw from the wheel upwards and
passes through a cross beam which is firmly fixed to the supports of the accumulator,
and has a worm in it to match the screw on the axle of the wheel by turning the
axle which has the worm on it, and is fixed between the supports that are fastened
to the ram, motion is imparted to the cogwheel, thereby the axle will be screwing
upwards against the cross beam and downwards on the springs and the ram; so the
pressure can be regulated in the accumulator as required, the 2031-2 lbs. weight of
the ram will allways remain the same. To further multiply the power of this
machine another accumulator is fixed horizontally, and the apex or point of
smallest area of the perpendicular accumulator enters its upper side; this accumu-
lator is made nearly in the same shape as the one previously described; where
the apex of the perpendicular accumulator enters the side of the horizontal, an
arrangement is made to regulate the flow of the substance used, and also to
diminish or increase the area of the apex of the perpendicular accumulator, by
throwing the weight of the ram previously described upon an area of 1, 2, or more
inches as may be required; this part of the invention is performed in the following
manner; a casing is made to envelope the apex of the perpendicular accumulator
completely, and is firmly fixed to the upper side of the horizontal accumulator; a
piece as it were of the one side of the lower part of the inclined plane of the
perpendicular accumulator passes through this casing is cut off in a manner of
speaking and a slide is fixed on the outside to move either up or down something
similar to a slide valve; as this slide does not work perpendicularly but on a bevel,
it can be understood that by giving it a motion upwards the area of the apex will
be increased and a downward motion the reverse, this movement being done by a

page_text: { screw one end fixed to the side of the accumulator and the other to the slide itself
by turning it one way it will rise the slide and turning it the other way it will
.lower it and close the apex alltogether if necessary, as the movement of this screw
is too slow for stopping the machinery when required a stopcock is fixed beneath
the apex and has an opening equal to the area of the apex when the slide is in its
highest position this being connected to a lever, the machinery can be stopped
allmost instantaneously when required. An arrangement of the same describtion
as the one above is fitted also on the apex of the horizontal accumulator to answer
the same purpose, i.e. to regulate the flow and the area of the apex of the accumu-
lator, the both levers of the stop cocks being connected together by a rod, so the
same movement can be given to both at the same time, a scale is marked on both
accumulators at the upper side of the slide for the purpose of regulating the area
minutely; at the end of the greatest area in the horizontal accumulator, a ram is
fixed to work horizontally, one end enters the accumulator and the other enters an
airtight cylinder, the object of this ram and the pressure exerted on it is to give
the substance used in the accumulator an onward movement towards its apex, one
end of this cylinder is made moveable in the form of a piston, a space is left
between this end or piston and the ram just mentioned for the purpose of holding
a quantity of air to act as a spring to press the ram, also two heavy weights are
fixed one on each side of the accumulator to act for the same purpose as the spring
or air, and they are performed in this manner a lever with one long and a short
arm is fixed on a stand on the bed plate of the engine, the lever to be of the form
of a square used by carpenters with a hole in its elbow to receive a pin that goes
through it, this will be its fulcrum to the lever; to the horizontal arm of the lever
which is the longest, the weight is suspended by a rod, the short arm which is
perpendicular is connected by a rod to the rain, thus the power is multiplied
tenfold or more if necessary, the object of these weights is to give the substance
used, in the accumulator an onward movement towards its apex, also a powerful
screw is fitted on the outside of the piston or the moveable end of the cylinder for
the purpose of exerting more pressure if necessary on the air and the ram; to
make this also more clearly understood, I quote the following figures, in this case
the both accumulators works together; as before described the pressure at the
apex of the horizontal accumulator, which enters the upper side of the horizontal
accumulator is 1,500 lbs. clear pressure we will say the area of this ram, which acts
in this case horizontally towards the apex of the horizontal accumulator is
500 square inches, the pressure on it will be 1,500 x 500 = 750,000 lbs. or about
334 tone, by the action of the ram and the inclined plane, this power will be
thrown on the apex of the horizontal accumulator, which has an area we will say
of 1 square inch, now we have a pressure of 334 tons less 20 tons for friction and
the resistance of the inclined plane 314 tons on the square inch theoretically
speaking, let this be again transfered to a cylinder and a moveable piston similar
to the one previously described which is the main cylinder, we will say the piston
to have an area of 100 square inches, its working power will be 314 tons
x 100 = 31,400 tons theoretically speaking; the substance used to be pressed
back to the upper end of the perpendicular accumulator by the conical ended
cylinder as previously described. We have a clear working power on the main
shaft of 31,400 tons if such a thing could be so constructed, while we only require
400 lbs. pressure to press the substance used back to the upper end of the
perpendicular accumulator, where there is only 4 lbs. of pressure on the square inch.
In this invention the fundemental principle of mechanics, or the golden rule as it
is generally called does not stand good and where it does perpetual machinery is a
matter of impossibility what we gain in power we loose in time or speed can be
attributed to all machinery at present in use. I am acquainted with two instances
which is not in accordance with this old established law the one I am about to
describe is the most simple least expensive and the most serviceable to mankind,
the other has but very little power and only suitable for time keeping, and some
light machinery, to make this principle clearly understood I shall make use of the

page_text: following demensions, which are the same as I have previously mentioned when
describing the perpendicular accumulator. We will say the area of the ram of the
perpendicular accumulator is 500 square inches; (in this explanation, I shall make
use of water to save confusion) and the weight of the ram 2031.2 lbs. less 531.2 lbs.
for friction and the resistance of the inclined plane which leaves 1,500 lbs. clear
pressure at the apex of the accumulator; let a pipe be communicated between this
apex and a working cylinder, whose piston has an area of 500 sq. inches, the same
as the ram; at present we will not make use of the conical ended return cylinder,
to return the water to the accumulator, let the ram descend say six inches, now we
can understand when the ram will descend 6 inches the piston in the cylinder will
move exactly the same distance and will at the same time and speed and will also
receive the same amount of water as that which has left the accumulator, the
pressure that will be thrown on the piston will be 1,500 lbs. x 500 lbs. = 750,000 lbs.
that much power will be gained without loosing time or speed, I am making use of
the area of 1 in. for the apex as before; if we reduce the area of the piston we will
gain speed but loose a little power, that is the power will not be so great as by using
the piston of the 500 in. area, but still we gain immensely on the power first
applied, thus we gain power and speed at the same time, again for instance we will
say the area of the moveable piston in the cylinder to be half that of the ram, then
it is clear that it will have to move twice the distance to make sufficient room for
the water pressed, or whatever will be the distance that the ram will descend in this
case the piston is bound to move twice as much and therefore twice as fast, so as
before mentioned both power and speed are gained at the same time, hence
perpetual machinery. It will be absolutely necessary that the both cylinders and
pipes will be completely filled before the machinery is put in motion so with the
least movement of the piston and ram, the same quantity of substance will be
returned as what has effected the movement. Strange as this invention is and
allmost incredible, still it is in accordance with numberless instances in Nature; as
may be gathered by what has been previously explained its principle is based on
the inclined plane, for instance nearly all our mechanical tools are made useful by
the aid of the inclined plane, the common hammer and nail is a fair proof, if the
nail was made the same size all over it would not penetrate the wood so easily, but
once tapered to a thin edge it alters the case, the power applied by the haminer to
the head of the nail, is equally divided over its surface, then it is collected together
in a manner of speaking by the inclination of the sides towards its point, and thus
causes it to penetrate the wood; chisels, axes, knifes and forks, and nearly all our
agricultural implements are made on the same principle, all coming to a point or a
thin edge, and nearly everything that grows from the earth is pointed at its
extremities; another good proof that the principles I work upon is correct, is,
I have often times noticed when navigating our large rivers, especially when
coming down with the stream, when the ship is in a very wide part of the river the
ship moves but very slowly, just moving with the stream, that is when not steaming
or sailing, the next narrow part we come to, I bave found the current much more
rapid and the ship will pass through it at more than double the rate, the reason is
this that the whole body of water that lays at the wide part mentioned above
all most at rest is gathered together at the narrow part and forces itself through,
consequently it must run faster to cope with the supply from the wide part; at the
same time when it runs faster it must acquire greater force and greater power;
I compare this proof to the principle on which the accumulators gain their power.
Another proof we have is the circulation of the blood in the human body, the
heart forces the blood through the arteries which diminishes in size greatly towards
their extremities, in fact they come to a point, thus the blood gathers power or
force as it goes along, or a greater power is put on a smaller area or space,
but still in this case the whole of the power which the heart imparts to the
blood does not go to. the extreme point, the capillaries at different stages of
the arteries empties a quantity of the blood to the veins which returns it to the

page_text: .
heart at a trifle greater pressure, or else it could not enter, I consider my invention
is based somewhat on the same principle that is a vessel that has two different
pressures on the square inch, only the one pressure given in the first place, that is a
heavy pressure is given at its upper end which is of a much greater area, thus the
substance used is pressed downwards, towards its apex which is of a small area the
heavy pressure first given is gathered together by the inclination of the sides of
the accumulator and thrown upon the apex, then connected to the machinery, and
after doing its work its returned to the part of greatest area and has the least
pressure on the square inch at a trifle greater pressure.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1, Sheet 1 illustrates a view of the engine in
its complete state 1, the bevelled part of the perpendicular accumulator, 2, the part
of the greatest area, 3, the ram or heavy weight for pressing purposes, 4, platform
fastened to the ram, to be fully explained hereinafter, R, the apex of the
accumulator, not shown in this figure but will be illustrated and explained further
on, the working of the engine is performed in the following manuer 1, 2, are made
in one piece, both air and water tight, then filled with air or water or both
combined, ram 3, is made of some heavy material or made hollow and weighted, to
fit perfectly air or water tight in part 2, of the accumulator, now the full weight of
ram 3, is floating or resting on the substance used in parts 1, 2, of the accumulator
this is the pressure that works the whole engine, it can be understood that the full
weight or pressure of or ram 3, is thrown on the substance used in the accumulator,
and the full force is gathered together by the inclination of the sides of part 1, to
a smaller area and that is apex R, therefore the full weight of ram 3, is thrown on
apex R, but less resistance of the inclined planes at 1, and the friction of the sides
of ram 3, against the sides of part 2, of the accumulator; 26, the horizontal
accumulator, which is also filled with the same substance as accumulator 1, 2, as
I have previously stated that the both accumulators and cylinders are to be filled,
before the engine is put in motion the apex R, enters the horizontal accumulator
through chest 22, therefore the full pressure of ram 3, is thrown on the substance
in horizontal accumulator 26, that is the full pressure in the perpendicular
accumulator thrown on a very small area in accumulator 26, therefore an iminense
power is gained, when calculating the whole area of 26, when pressure is put on 26,
ram 27, is pressed outwards and in to the air chamber or cylinder 28, thereby
pressing the air which acts as a spring or a buffer, also it presses backwards the
arm 31, and moves levers 32, 321, and lifts weights 33, 33, 34, shows the fulcrum
on which the arms works, when weights 33, 33, are lifted by ram 27, and the
air in cylinder 28, pressed we can see that the substance in accum 26, is
pressed forwards towards apex L, of the accumulator, the greatest power now
gained is on apex L, which is closed we will say, by moving lever 23, the
pressure is turned on and flows through pipe 69, into the valve chest 49, and main
cylinder 39, which has been previously filled with the substance used, the pressure
forces the piston in the main cylinder 39, outwards as seen by piston-rod 42, and
the connecting rod 45, now the full power is thrown on wheel 46, which is connected
to the main shaft 62, and the fly wheel 85, having now explained how the power
is utilized and transferred into motion; I shall now explain how the substance used
is returned to the perpendicular accumulator after doing its work; when the main
piston in cylinder 39, is nearly at the completion of its stroke, the substance used
18 pressed through pipe 50, which acts as an exhaust to cylinder 39, and enters the
valve chest 54, of the conical ended cylinder 52, and pressed by a piston in
cylinder 52, through the pipes 76, 761, this piston is worked by a crank 61, on the
main shaft, at the least pressure or movement of this piston, a quantity of the
substance used which creates the motive power is forced back to the perpendicular
, accumulator at 77, 77. I shall again give an outline of the circuit which the motive
power makes doing its work on its way and then returning to where it first
originated. The substance used which creates the motive power is pressed from
the perpendicular accumulator 1, 2, by ram 3, into the horizontal accumulator, at

page_text: apex R, and leaves it at apex L. then through pipe 69, into the cylinder 39, then
through pipe 50, into cylinder 52, through pipes 76, 76', and enters perpendiculator !
accumulator 1, 2, at 77, 771.
:
8, 8, are springs for pressing on the platform 4, and ram 3, to act in the same
manner as an ordinary carriage springs 6, 6, slabs, to keep the springs in position
and also to receive the pressure from the screw 9, 5, cog wheel and axle by which
motion is imparted to screw 9, by turning the handle, wheel 5, revolves on its axes,
thereby screwing upwards against the cross beam 10, and downwards on the
slabs 6, 6, the springs 8, 8, platform 4, and the ram 3, thus an immense power can
be put on the ram 3, in addition to its own weight when required, 11, 11, screws
and nuts which fastens the cross beam 10, and supports 12, & 13, together 14, a
slide over an opening in the accumulator, to work up and down, to act as a safety
valve, when the lower part of ram 3, is pressed above this, the substance used'
escapes, and the ram descends untill the opening is closed, 16, 16, 171, 17%, &c. are
supports to the accumulator, 18, a screw that works through 19, fastened to 20,
and 20, is fastened to the slide 21, which works up and down through the chest 22,
and is fitted tight on the inclined side of the perpendicular accumulator, by screwing-
down on 18, the valve descends and diminishes the area of apex R, and upwards
increases it, thereby giving the substance used a greater flow, as shown on
Sheet 3. Fig. 13, & 15, the movement of valve 21, is not sufficiently rapid, for
stopping or putting the engine in motion, therefore a stopcock is provided.
beneath the apex R, and is worked by lever 23, which is connected by the
rod 24, to lever 25, which is connected to the stopcock in apex L, lever 23,
works both apexes at the same time. 26, is the body of the horizontal
accumulator the tapered part for gathering the pressure to apex L, 27, a
moveable piston, that works out from cylinder 26, and into 28; 28, is a kind
of a square cylinder or chest, which receives one end of ram 27; a space is
left between the ram and the moveable end which the screw 29, is pressing.
against, for holding a quantity of air to act as a spring or a buffer, this end
is something similar to a piston, power to be exerted on it by screw 29, the
screw imparts it on the piston, and the air between piston and ram 27; 31, an
arm fastened to ram 27; 32, 321, levers which works on the fulcrum 34, the
weights 33, 33', are suspended to the end of lever 321, the object of these levers,
and weights is to give ram 271, more pressure and also to assist the ram to give the
substance used in accumulator 26, an onward movement towards apex L, 35, a stand
or support to 26, fastened to plate 37, which is screwed down to the bed plate of
the engine, as these two sets of levers and weights are constructed on the same
principle works similar and for the same purpose, there is no necessity of describing..
both, 30, a kind of a framing through which screw 29, works, 89, is a slide valve to..
regulate the pressure in apex L., and works on the same principle as slide 21, at R,
in the perpendicular accumulator; 69, a strong pipe that conveys the motive-
power from 26, to valve chest 49,, and cylinder 39; 87, valve regulated by the
governor, 39, is the main cylinder, and works the whole engine, 49, valve.
chest, where the substance is received and is governed by a slide valve that is
worked by an eccentric fixed on the main shaft; 47, is the eccentric rod, 42, the
main piston rod which imparts all its power on the connecting rod 45, and then
on wheel 46, which is fastened to the main shaft 62, and answers the same
purpose as an ordinary crank, 44, is the connection, 51, support of main shaft.
fastened to the bed of the engine, 40, 41, are supports of the main cylinder, 50, a
pipe that conveys the substance used to valve chest 54 of the conical ended
return cylinder 52, the substance is governed, or admitted in to the cylinder by.
a slide valve which is worked by the eccentric 65, fastened on, and worked by
the main shaft 62, 53, 53, the conical ends of the cylinder, the object of these
is to reduce the resistance offered when pressed through pipes 76, 761, the full:
power on the piston in 52, is gathered to a small area that is the apexes U, U";
56, 56, are the two-piston rods that are fastened to the piston in cylinder 52,
as
>

page_text: shown in Fig. 8, Sheet 3, 55, stuffing boxes and leads for the piston rods 57, a cross
head connecting the both piston rods, and is also connected with the crank 61, by
the connecting rod 59, 58, connection of the cross head, 60, connection of the rod
to the crank, 78, a small rod fastened to the cross head 57, for the purpose of
opening and closing two slide valves on the upper side of the conical ended
cylinder, 52, its motion being backwards and forwards the same as the cross head, 79, a
small arm fastened to the rod, strikes against valve 82, and carries it along with it untill
the spiral spring 84, is contracted against support 80, when the cross head returns after
terminating its stroke, spring 84, presses valve 82, back and thus closes the
valve 81, 79, 83, 84, are for the same purpose, the object of these valves is to admit
air into the cylinder 52, the object of so doing is this, as before mentioned the
conical ended cylinder is made of a trifle larger area, than the main cylinder, the
substance used in cylinder 39, when pressed into cylinder 52, does not fill it,
because it has a greater area, to supply this deffieciency air is admitted at the
termination of each stroke, so more substance is pressed back to the perpendicular
accumulator, 1, 2, than what leaves it, therefore ram 3 will have an upward
tendency, slide 14, is provided as an escape if necessary, 75, is the governor
support, 63, a small cogwheel fastened on the main shaft for working the governor,
64, a small cogwheel fastened to the governor support, and receives its power from
wheel 63, as the working of the governor is familliar to most engineers there is no
necessity of any further describtion here.
72, a joint in the connecting rod, 71, 43, stuffing boxes, 73, fastening of cylinder 52,
to the bed of the engine, 48, guards for the piston rod, 85, the flywheel 86, masonry,
Fig. 2, rough scale."
Sheet 2, Fig. 3, is an end view of the two accumulators, 1, 2, the perpendicular
accumulator, 3, 4, the ram and platform, 7, 8, springs, 5, cogwheel and axle, 10, the
crossbeam, 13, 17, supports 26, the horizontal accumulator, L, the apex of the
horizontal accumulator which is connected to pipe 87, Fig. 4, is an end view of
the machinery, showing in a clearer way how the both cylinders are connected, 50, is
the pipe that conveys the substance used from one cylinder to another and it is
pressed back to the perpendicular accumulator through pipes 76, 761, 57, is the
crosshead fastened to piston rods 56, 56, motion is imparted to the crosshead by
crank 61, on the mainshaft 62, 63, a small cogwheel fastened to the mainshaft and
works the governor, w, the eccentric that works the slide valve in 49, H, eccentric
that works the slide valve in 54, H, a wheel fixed on the main shaft not shown in
Fig. 1, the object of this wheel is to carry a belt, for the purpose of connecting
this engine to any other machinery; there is no reversing gier attached to this
machinery. Fig. 5, is a side elevation of the main cylinder, 39, 48, guards for the
piston rod, 45, the connecting rod.
Fig. 6, a side elevation of the conical ended return cylinder 52, we can under-
stand by the cross head 57, that the piston rod in cylinder 52, is nearly at the
termination of its, stroke, now valve 82, is opened spring 84, is contracted or pressed
against support 80, as soon as the cross head moves outward, arm 79, leaves the
valve 82, and spring 84, presses the valve back to the end of the cylinder, its
position when the valve is closed, both of these valves works on the same
principle, 76, 76, the return pipes, 53, 53 the conical ends 73, its fastenings.
Sheet 3, Fig. 8, is a sectional view of the conical ended return cylinder 52, the
substance used enters valve chest 54, through the pipe 50, the piston H, is at the
termination of its stroke, the body of the cylinder 52, and the conical end 53, is full
of the substance used from the last stroke, now the substance in 54, flows through
the port S. and into 53, and 52, as piston H, moves towards the other end of
the cylinder, the substance from 54, keeps on flowing until it stops at the termina-
tion of its stroke, while the eccentric closes the port S, and opens the port
marked S', by valve B, mean time the substance used in 52, and 53, is pressed
through apex n, which has a valve in it now partly open in to the pipe 76, which
conveys it to the perpendicular accumulator, the valve in apex m, is now closed

page_text: because there is greater pressure in pipe 76', than what there is in 53, be it under-
stood that piston H, is not worked by the pressure of the substance, but by a crank
from the main shaft marked 61, as seen in Fig. 4, Sheet 2.
Sheet 3, Fig. 9, is a sectional view of the main cylinder 39, 87, is a pipe through
which the substance used flows from the accumulator to the main cylinder as shown
in Fig. 1, Sheet 1, the main piston Q, is at the termination of its stroke, port P³, is
closed from the valve chest 49, now the body of cylinder 39, is in communication
with the exhaust ex, which is connected with the pipe 50, as shown in Fig. 4,
Sheet 2, the substance used or the motive power after doing its work that is pressing
piston Q, into its present position, escapes through port P³, into the exhaust ex,
and then into the pipe 50, which conveys it to the return cylinder 52, port P, is
now open, and the pressure flows from valve chest 49, through it into the body of
the cylinder and presses piston Q, to the end of its stroke, the slide valve goes
through the same process as before explained, that is port P³, is closed and P³, is
opened for the next stroke, thus an alternative movement is produced. 42, is the
piston rod, 45, the connecting rod, 48, guards for the piston rod, 40, support.
Fig. 12, suitable packing for the ram 3, perpendicular accumulator and ram 27,
horizontal accumulator when they are made square, a great mechanical advantage
is gained; made round will answer the same purpose, but will offer greater resistance
in the bevelled part of the accumulator, therefore power is lost, it is to be fixed on the
inside end of the ram, this packing is made in 8, different picces, and pressed on
the sides of the accumulator by suitable springs, A, A1, A2, A³; D, is a large spring
fixed in the centre for pressing purposes, B4, a circular disc that keeps the whole
packing together.
Fig. 11, a perspective view of the packing without the centre spring and disc.
Fig. 10, a perspective view of one of the pieces, showing how they are joined
together without the springs.
Fig. 13, is a sectional view of the two accumulators and the main cylinder,
showing how power is multiplied, the return cylinder is not shown here; my
calculations previously explained and numbers quoted came to 31,000 tons, now
I shall make use of a trifle greater area in the horizontal accumulator and the main
cylinder, that will show what an immense power is gained by a slight increase in
the area of these parts of the engine, the curved line marked 10°, 10°, shows at what
angle the sides of the accumulator parts 1, are inclined to the perpendicular plane
and that is ten degrees.
The substance used is placed in parts 1, 2, of the perpendicular accumulator and
pressed into 26, and from there into 39, valve 21, is shown open we will say to an
area of 1 square inch, Fig. 15, shows the apex completely closed by valve 21, to
make the principle on which this invention is based clear, I shall make use of the
following numbers, and water for the substance used for convenience, the surface
of part 2, of the perpendicular accumulator to have an area of 500 square inches,
and the apex R, 1 sq. inch, the weight of ram 3, to be 2031.2 lbs. allowing 500 lbs.
for fiiction against the sides of the accumulator, and 31-2 lbs. for resistance of the
inclined plane at part 1, will have 500 + 31.2 2031.2 =
1,500 lbs. clear pressure
which will fall on apex R, now I have a pressure of 1,500 lbs. on a square inch of
an area, consequently there will be the same amount of pressure on every square
inch in the horizontal accumulator 26, the ram 27, to have an area of 400 square
inches, therefore I will have a force 400 in. x 1,500 lbs.
600,000 lbs. this power
will compress the air in 28, the dots represents air, if more pressure is required, we
have to turn screw, 29, which will press inwards the moveable end or piston O, this
will further compress the air and also more power will be put on the water in
horizontal accumulator 26, now it can be understood that by turning the screw 29,
it will force the ram 27, inwards or a tendency to do so, consequently, it will force
the water in 26, towards apex L, therefore the full power on ram 27, will be thrown
on apex L, which is 600,000 lbs. or about 250 tons we will have this much weight
or pressure on the square inch at apex L, again allowing, say 20 tons for friction
and resistance of the inclined plane we will have 250-20 = 230 tons clear
=
B

page_text: •
pressure; let the water be conveyed to cylinder 39, through pipe 87, and the
piston Q, to have an area of 400 sq. inches, now we have 400 × 230 = 92,000 tons
theoretically speaking, of pressure on piston Q, while we only require about 2000 lbs.
of pressure at the utmost to press the substance used, back to the upper end of the
perpendicular accumulator: 30, is a kind of a framing for screw 29, to work through
and is securely fixed to the air chamber 28, b, is the stop cock in apex R, the
water flows through the slot in the centre, a, works in apex L.
H
Having now fully described the perpendicular accumulator, horizontal
accumulator 26, and main cylinder 39, also with as many of their appendages as there
is necessary, I shall now explain the principle on which perpetual machinery is mainly
based upon, and that is the utility of the inclined plane, which is so prominent in so
many instances in Nature; as follows Fig. 14, shows triangle with a line running
through its centre, which represents the perpendicular plane marked Pe. pl., this
triangle is of exactly the same dimensions as part 1, perpendiculator accumulator
Fig. 13 and also is inclined at the same angle to its perpendicular plane that is 10°,
U, U, represents this plane, W, represents a weight say of 5 lbs. for instance, resting
or pressing on plane U, the perpendicular line D, represents this weight or attraction
of gravity in length, that is 5 divisions on the scale Fig. 16, each division as shown
is divided into 8 equal parts, line V, is the resistance of the inclined plane, which is
drawn at right angles to U, line K, is now drawn from the point Z", and parallel to the
plane U, cuts line V, in Z, and closes the parallelogram of forces, the two lines
at Z, are the same as V, and V, now when we come to measure the length of
these lines on the scale, we have line K, which represents the downwards pressure
of weight W, on plane U, from Z", Z, is 47 lbs., about, thus we can understand
that there is only about of one pound lost, therefore I have 4 of the whole
weight 5 lbs. pressing downwards towards apex R, in the direction represented by
the arrows, the other side of the triangle is exactly similar so there is no necessity
of describing it; the two forces meets at apex R, and becomes one force, when we
come to press air or water, or any other similar substance, I find the result
exactly the same.
Sheet 4, Fig. 17, this figure represents another sectional view of a self acting
engine, this figure is not exactly in accordance with the machinery already explained
but the principle on which it works is exactly the same, but somewhat simpler in
its construction, and more easily understood, and also it has a considerable less
power, nor do I wish to claim this as a seperate invention only a part of what
I have previously explained the substance used and its flow can be more easily
traced and also the way it is returned can be more easily followed the reference
figures do not correspond, with the other different parts of the work nor any
reference will be made to this figure from any other part of the Specification,
I wish this sheet to be considered independent in regards of references; 1, 2, the
perpendicular accumulator, 3, 4, the ram and platform weighted or made of some
heavy material, 39, the main cylinder which is made with its both ends conical for
the purpose of returning the substance used direct to the accumulator, instead
of using another cylinder, also the working of the slide valve is somewhat
different.
For convenience I shall make use of water for the substance used. Water is
placed in parts 1, 2, of the perpendicular accumulator, and is pressed therefrom by
ram 3, towards apex R, through the pipe 7, and into the valve chest through the
port 13, and into the conical end of cylinder 39, and presses against piston 6, and
drives it towards apex L, forces the water from part e, of the cylinder through
apex L, into the pipe 77, and enters the accumulator at 2, the arrows indicates the
way the water flows, 81, is a long rod which works through the valve chest 13, to
which valves 12, 12, are fastened to it, these valves closes and opens the ports
marked 13, 13, the object of these valves is to regulate the pressure of water, this
rod is also connected with two arms 9, 10, which works the stop cocks at both
apexes L, L, the connection is made at 15, 151, the rod is also connected to lever 19,
at 18, the arm 19, is connected to support 16, which is fastened to the valve chest,

page_text: motion is imparted to the valve rod in this manner, when piston 6, comes nearly
to the termination of its next stroke, the plug 30, which is fastened to arm 24, and
works outwards in the slot 23, and catches, arm 21, at 22, and carries it with it to
the termination of its stroke, as seen arm 24, is fastened to the crosshead 3, which
is worked by the piston, as 21, moves outwards it imparts an outward motion to
joint 20, and an inward motion to joint 18, this will open valve 12, and the stop
cock at apex L, and closes valve 12, and the stop cock at apex L, when cross
head 3, is pressed outwards it will impart motion to the crank 27, and flywheel 85,
through connecting rod 26, 23, is a lever that works the stop cock in apex R, for
turning on the pressure, 5, 5, are leads for the piston rods 4, 4; 29, support to the
main shaft 28, 86, mason work. Fig. 18, a rough scale. I will quote the following
numbers to show the power that can be obtained by this engine, ram 3, and
platform 4, weighs 2031.2 lbs. the area of part 2, of the perpendicular accumulator
to be 500 square inches that will give a trifle over 4 lbs. on the square inch of
pressure, deducting 31.2 lbs. for the resistance of the inclined plane at part 1, of
the accumulator and 500 lbs. for friction at the sides of the accumulator part 2,
that will leave 500 +31-2 lbs.-2031.2 lbs. 1,500 lbs. clear working pressure at
apex R, on the square inch, again let piston 6, to have an area of 500 square
inches, we will have a pressure of 500 × 1,500 lbs. 750,000 lbs. or about
334 tous, allowing 34 tons for friction and the resistance of the inclined plane at
part c, of the cylinder, and the resistance at part 2, of the accumulator, we will
have 334 34 tons = 300 do. clear power on the main shaft, by reducing the area
of piston 6, greater speed may be obtained.
-
-
=
Sheet 5, Fig. 19, the object of this figure is to prove that the old established
law of mechanics does not stand good, that is gain power and loose speed or the
reverse loose speed and gain power, this figure will prove that power and speed can
be obtained at the same time, by the following explanation; part 2, of the
accumulator, to have an area of 500 square inches, and the weight of the ram and
platform 3, 4, to be 2031.2 lbs. deducting 531-2 lbs. for friction and resistance will
leave 1,500 lbs. clear pressure, the space between P, P2, is intended for the piston
to descend the space in the cylinder E, that is between N°, and N', to have the
same capacity as the space mentioned above, the piston B°, to have an area at its
lower end of about 163 square inches; Æ°, is a heavy weight, fixed to the piston
the weight of piston B°, and E, to be about 109 tons, when the ram 3, will descend
to position P2, it will force that much water out of part 2, of the accumulator, at a
pressure of 1,500 lbs. at apex R, therefore the water enters the cylinder E, through
the pipe S, at a pressure of 1,500 lbs. on the square inch, now we have an upward
pressure on B°, which has an area of 163 sq. inches, 163 x 1,500 =244,500 lbs. or
about 109 tons, the amount of water contained in the space between P, P' will
force the piston B°, from No, to N2. Fig. 20, shows the position of the ram 3, after
descending to position Po, and by so doing the piston B°, has ascended from N°,
to N, now it can clearly be seen that power and speed has been gained at the same
time, by rain 3, weighing about 2000 lbs. descending to P, it has caused Bº,
and E, which weighs about 109 tons, to rise more than three times the distance,
so it must travel at a greater speed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained, the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
Firstly. A self acting engine that will produce its own power and motion, without
the aid of any other independent power, and will maintain the same as long as the
materials used will last to wear, and capable of working at any desirable power
according to the dimensions of the materials used, and will gain both power and
speed at the same time, that is contrary to the old established law of mechanics
viz. loose power and gain speed, or the reverse gain speed and loose power, also an
engine of sufficient power, to impart a certain amount of its power to any other

page_text: -
'
machinery, and have sufficient power left to press the substance used back to where
it first originated.
Secondly. A vessel or a tank is made that will produce two different pressures
on a certain area, and is perpendicular accumulator part 1, and part 2, this
accumulator is made in the form of a wedge or a cone and fixed perpendicularly,
its bevelled sides may be inclined to any desirable angle, water, or air, steam, gas,
or any other like substance may be used for pressing and working the machinery,
.the substance used is placed in the accumulator and is pressed therefrom by a
weighted ram marked 3, which is made to fit air and water tight, into the upper
end of the accumulator, which has the greatest area, the pressure which the ram
marked 3, exerts on the substance in the accumulator, and substance itself is
gathered together, by the aid of the inclination of the sides of the accumulator to a
very small area, the whole weight or the pressure exerted on the substance in the
first place, which was distributed over a greater area, consequently of a less
pressure on the square inch is gathered together to allmost a point, therefore the
whole amount of weight, or pressure of ram 3, is pressing on this point, but less
friction and resistance of the inclination of the sides; this point is called the apex
of the perpendicular accumulator, where the pressure is turned on, or turned off
the machine.
Thirdly. Flat springs bent to a crescent shape fastened to platform 4, on ram 3,
also spiral springs fitted in the concave of the above and resting on platform 4,
.pressed by turning the cog wheel 5, power being applied at handle 0, the screw 9,
pressing upwards against the cross beam 10, and downwards on the springs,
thereby giving more power on ram 3, if necessary, instead of using additional
weights.
Fourthly. A slide valve to work up and down, marked 21, in the drawing at the
apex of the accumulator, worked by screw 18, this valve will increase or decrease
the flow of the substance used in the accumulator and also will increase or decrease
the area of the apex, putting the power imparted by ram 3, on one or two more
inches as may be required, thereby greatly effecting the power that the whole
engine is worked at.
Fifthly. An horizontal accumulator made round or square and constructed on
the same principle as the perpendicular accumulator, the pressure in this apparatus
on the substance used is effected by means of weights 33, an air chamber 28, and
the screw 29, which presses the substance after being received from the
perpendicular accumulator towards apex L, the flow and the area is regulated by a
slide valve similarly constructed, as the one I claim in Claim Four.
Sixthly. A conical ended cylinder for returning the substance used to the
perpendicular accumulator, a cylinder with its both ends made conical, with a
piston working inside, and connected with two piston rods, that works on and
through one of its conical ends, connected by a crosshead 57, which is connected to
a crank 61, on the main shaft, with each stroke of the piston, the whole quantity of
the substance used in giving the piston in cylinder 39, one perfect stroke, and a
small quantity of air admitted by valves marked 82, 83, which is regulated by
rod 78, is returned through the pipes 76, 76 into the perpendicular accumulator, at
each conical end a selfacting valve is fitted, the apexes marked N, M, Fig. 8,
Sheet, 3, the return pipes acting as an exhaust to the cylinder, all made
substantial for the purpose specified.