Improvements in Chimneys.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 18th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 18th Nov., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Chimneys.
I, OTTO FOERSTER, of Schoenebeck, Elbe, in the Empire of Germany, Architect
and Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Hitherto chimney appliances designed to prevent down draught have chiefly
been constructed of sheet metal, generally comprising hinged plates arranged after
the manner of weathercocks and adapted either to allow the air current to pass or
to cut it off, as required. Such constructions are open to objection being liable to
become rusty and to be damaged in the process of chimney sweeping.
Earthenware chimney pots having a number of ducts or passages of unequal
width have also been proposed, but these are also objectionable the ducts or
passages being, after a time, liable to become choked with soot and thereby rendered
ineffective, thorough cleaning thereof being impracticable.
Now according to this invention the chimney shafts or stacks are provided with
apertures on the four sides thereof, such apertures being inclined upwardly from
the outside at an angle of about 30° to the chimney flue and each aperture being of
a sectional area about equal to the clear area of the corresponding flue or duct.
And in order that the nature of my said invention may be more clearly under-
stood I will proceed to describe the same by reference to the accompanying
drawings in which,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section,
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section and
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a stack of chimneys constructed according to this
invention.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section; and
Fig. a horizontal section of a single flue chimney also constructed according to
this invention.
Referring first to the construction of single flue chimney shown in Figs. 4 and 5
it will be seen that according to this invention inclined apertures are formed in the
walls on all four sides, the area of these apertures being equal to the clear area of
the main opening and of the chimney and their inclination in relation to that
flue 30° or thereabout. The points marked a, a, a, a, are situated in the same
horizontal plane. This arrangement is to prevent wind entering the chimney either
vertically or horizontally from forcing down the smoke; the action of the wind
being on the contrary, favorable to the escape of the smoke. Thus when the wind
blows in horizontally it meets the inclined surfaces of the apertures, and is directed
into the chimney upwardly carrying along with it, by suction, the rising smoke.
When however the air currents arrive in the vertical direction, and have the
tendency to force the smoke back into the flue or chimney the smoke can escape
laterally, being assisted to a certain extent by suction, since the area of the
apertures is equal to the clear area of the chimney opening which enables all the
smoke to escape laterally.
Referring now to Figs. 1 2 and 3, which show the application of my invention
by way of example to a three flue chimney the upper part of each of the flues is
somewhat larger than the rest of the flue and the flues have a turn or twist at or
near the place where they pass through the rafters, this twist amounting to, or
practically to, half a right angle. This necessitates a widening of the upper part
of the chimney, and it enables the said flues to be provided with apertures one in
each side in the same manner as the single flue chimney just described. The twist
or turn may be obtained conveniently in the space of ten courses of bricks, or

page_text: in 0-77 metres height (see Fig. 1). In the three flue chimney shown the axis of
the centre flue is straight while the side flues are bent or curved away from the said
flue for a certain distance as shown. In other respects the chimney is completed
in the ordinary manner, except as regards the provision of the side apertures.
These extend from side to side through the chimney to the upper parts of the flue
as shown more clearly in plan in Fig. 2. The corners of the chimney are bevelled
off and the outermost openings extend one to each corner. All the apertures have
an upward inclination like those shown in Fig. 4. The slots provided in the side
walls of the chimney serve as outlets for the apertures of two flues in common
(see Fig. 3).
The points 1, 2, and c c', e in fact all the points marked with the same letters,
should lie in the same plane, in the same way as the points a a¹ a² a³ mentioned
above.
Among the advantages of this system it may be mentioned that the construction
does not increase the cost of the chimney heads; on the contrary, in the case of
low out-buildings on the sides or at the back, where high chimneys are under all
circumstances necessary, the present arrangement involves a certain amount of
economy in building material.
The improved chinney heads may be erected anywhere by any ordinary builder's
man who without any special training, can perform the work without difficulty.
The improved chimney may be swept in a simple and effective manner, while the
cost of keeping the chimney in repair is not greater than it is with ordinary
chimneys.
Moreover the appearance of the improved chimney is more pleasant than that of
the long chimneys hitherto erected and resembling factory chimneys in shape, while
the arrangement is much more effective and reliable.
Dated this 23rd day of June 1893.
O. FOERSTER,
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Chimneys.
I, OTTO FOERSTER, of Schoenebeck, Elbe, in the Empire of Germany, Architect
and Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Hitherto chimney appliances designed to prevent down draught have chiefly been
constructed of sheet metal, generally comprising hinged plates arranged after the
manner of weathercocks and adapted either to allow the air current to pass or to
cut it off, as required. Such constructions are open to objection being liable to
become rusty and to be damaged in the operation of chimney sweeping.
Earthenware chimney pots having a number of ducts or passages of unequal
width have also been proposed, but these are also objectionable, the ducts or
passages being, after a time, liable to become choked with soot and thereby
rendered ineffective, thorough cleaning thereof being impracticable.
Now according to this invention chimney shafts or stacks are provided at their
upper ends or heads with apertures on the four sides thereof, such apertures being
inclined upwardly from the outside at an angle of about 30° to the chimney flue and
each aperture being of a cross sectional area about equal to the clear cross sectional
area of the corresponding flue or duct.
And in order that the nature of my said invention may be more clearly
understood I will proceed to describe the same by reference to the drawings filed
with my Provisional Specification in which,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section,

page_text: Fig. 2 is a horizontal section; and
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a stack of chimneys constructed according to this
invention.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section; and
Fig. 5 a horizontal section of a single flue chimney also constructed according to
this invention.
Referring first to the construction of single flue chimney shown in Figs. 4 and 5,
it will be seen that according to this invention inclined apertures are formed in the
walls on all four sides, the area of these apertures being equal to the clear area of
the main opening of the chimney and their inclination in relation to that flue 30° or
thereabout. The points marked a, a, a, a, are situated in the same horizontal
plane. This arrangement is to prevent wind, entering the chimney either vertically
or horizontally, from forcing down the smoke; the action of the wind being on the
contrary, favorable to the escape of the smoke. Thus when the wind blows into
the apertures horizontally, it meets the inclined surfaces of the apertures, and is
directed into the chimney upwardly carrying along with it, by suction, the rising
smoke. When however the air currents arrive in the vertical direction, and have a
tendency to force the smoke back into the flue or chimney the smoke can escape
laterally, being assisted to a certain extent by suction, since the cross sectional area
of the aperture is equal to the clear area of the chimney opening, which enables all
the smoke to escape laterally.
Referring now to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, which show the application of my invention,
by way of example, to a three flue chimney, the upper part of each of the flues is
Bomewhat larger than the rest of the flue and the flues have a turn or twist at or
near the place where they pass through the rafters, this twist amounting to, or
practically to, half a right angle. This necessitates a widening of the upper part
of the chimney, and it enables the said flues to be provided with apertures one in
each side in the same manner as the single flue chimney just described. The twist
or turn may be obtained conveniently in the space of ten courses of bricks, or in
about 0.77 metres height (see Fig. 1). In the three flue chimney shown, the axis
of the centre flue is straight while the side flues are bent or curved away from the
said flue for a certain distance as shown. In other respects the chimney is
completed in the ordinary manner, except as regards the provision of the side
apertures. These extend from side to side through the chimney to the upper parts
of the flue as shown more clearly in plan in Fig. 2. The corners of the chimney
are bevelled off and the outermost openings extend one to each corner.
apertures have an upward inclination like those shown in Fig. 4. The slots
provided in the side walls of the chimney serve as outlets for the apertures of
two flues in common (see Fig. 3).
All the
The points bb, 63, and c c1, c2, in fact all the points marked with the same letters,
should lie in the same plane, in the same way as the points a a¹ a² a³, mentioned
above.
Among the advantages of the construction described it may be mentioned that
the construction does not increase the cost of the chimney heads; on the contrary,
in the case of low out-buildings on the sides, or at the back, where high chimneys
are under all circumstances necessary, the present arrangement involves a certain
amount of economy in building material.
The improved chimney heads may be erected at any desired place, or in any
position, by an ordinary builder's man who, without any special training, can
perform the work without difficulty.
The improved chimney can be swept in a simple and effective manner, while the
cost of keeping it in repair is not greater than it is with ordinary chimneys.
The chimneys need not exceed the standard dimensions or height in order that
down draught may be prevented.
Moreover the appearance of the improved chimney is more pleasing to the eye
than that of the long chimneys hitherto erected and resembling factory chimneys
in shape, while the arrangement is much more effective and reliable.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what !
claim is :-
Chimney shafts or stacks having their upper ends or heads constructed with
lateral apertures inclined upwardly and inwardly from the outside at an angle
of 30° or thereabout to the chinney flue having a cross sectional area about equal
to that of the corresponding chimney flue or duct substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the examples shown in the drawings.
Dated this 18th day of October 1893
OTTO FOERSTER,
By L. W., per F. B.