An Improved Multiple Copying Instrument, applicable also as a Multiple Writer.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application 4th Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 25th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 22nd Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Multiple Copying Instrument, applicable also as a
Multiple Writer.
I, LJUBOMIR Klerity of Belgrad, Servia, Professor, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in means for copying drawings or writing,
or for producing several copies of a drawing, letter, or the like, at the time of
execution.
According to my invention I attach a number of pencils or pens to a rod, or to
branches extending from that rod, and pivot to it two arms, having a connecting
piece at their other end, the whole forming an articulated parallelogram.
The two arms are made capable of sliding in a longitudinal direction through
sockets turning in a fixed support, the rod supporting the writing or drawing
instruments running on rollers at each end so that it can move freely in all
directions. With this arrangement the rod carrying the instruments will always
move parallel to itself, so that any motion given to one of the instruments will be
repeated exactly by each of the others, the instruments being free to move to any
point within certain limits a sheet of paper or other suitable material is placed
under each instrument so that as many copies are taken as there are instruments.
The instruments are supported in sockets sliding freely through the rod, and are
caused to bear upon the paper by means of adjustable springs, pressing at one end
against a collar on the pen or pencil, and at the other against the socket screwed
into the loose sockets above mentioned. By this means the instruments are always
kept on the paper, and any irregularities or differences in thickness, are allowed
for. The sockets are rigidly connected at top to a bar so that they can all be
raised from the paper at once, without raising the main rods.
The rods forming the parallelogram and the supports may be arranged either
vertically or horizontally.
In a slightly modified form of apparatus I arrange the bar carrying the
instruments to slide in one direction on another bar, and that bar to slide in a
direction at right angles to the first on fixed supports so that the instruments can
move in any direction, as in the first arrangement, without necessitating the use of
an articulated parallelogram.
This apparatus may be used as a multiple copying instrument, by moving one of
the instruments over the lines of the design to be copied or as a multiple writer, by
using one of the pens or pencils as an ordinary writing instrument.
Dated this 3rd day of December 1891.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Multiple Copying Instrument, applicable also as a
Multiple Writer.
I, LJUBOMIR KLERITJ, of Belgrad, Servia, Professor, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
If a line is moved parallel to itself in any direction all points of this line
perform similar movements and thus, if I provide a rod with several pens, pencils
or other similar writing appliances and move this rod in parallel dírections, all

page_text: and iro.
Figs. 1 to 4 and Fig. 6 in the accompanying drawings represent the apparatus
with a horizontal parallelogram and Fig. 5 shews it with a vertical parallelogram.
Fig. is a plan and
Fig. 2 is a part vertical section taken through the rod carrying the writing
appliances.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the stationary support and pivots.
Fig. 4 is a diagram shewing the relative positions of the sides of the parallelogram
when the apparatus is moved.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a modification, in which the parallelograms are
shewn upright.
Fig. 6 is a plan of a second modification in which the two parallel sides are
shewn stationary and serve as guides for the rod carrying the writing appliances.
In the construction illustrated in the Figs. 1 to 4 two bars a and b forming the
sides of the parallelogram slide longitudinally in pivots a b' which can turn in a
support e and yoke fso that the rods a b can sweep round these axes in a horizontal
plane. The side c is a flat bar carrying several writing appliances 91993 shewn.as
three in Figs. 1 and 2, and as five in Fig. 4. This bar might be prolonged in both
directions and provided with branches. It is carried by springs on rollers h h.
The side d which completes the parallelogram ensures that during all its movements
the lines y y and passing through the pivots 1, 2 and 3, 4 respectively remain
always parallel to the fixed line passing through the pivots a' b¹. As the
distance 1, 2 is equal to 3, 4 and to a when the parallelogram is displaced the
two sides a turn always uniformly about the pivots a' band slide equally through
those pivots a' b¹.
The writing or drawing appliances '93 which may be pens, pencils, drawing-
pens or fountain pens are guided in sockets or collars which pass freely
through the bar e and are secured to a support k. They are pressed down by
springs bearing against a ring m on the writing appliance and against a gland n
screwed into the socket so that the pens accommodate themselves to uneven
surfaces.
By screwing glands n the springs may be adjusted to give a stronger or weaker
pressure on the paper so that more or less fine writings or drawings may be
produced.
The vertical motion of the writing appliances is limited by rings o fixed on them
above the glands ».
All the writing appliances are raised simultaneously by lifting the support k to
which the sockets are attached as mentioned above.
When a pen or pencil such as the middle one (*) is moved like an ordinary pen
with the hand applied to the socket and the desired letter as for example the
letter N is written. The other writing appliances following all the movements
of g² write the same letter. The parallelogram as shewn in Fig. 4 passing from
the position 1, 2, 3, 4 to the dotted position 1, 2, 3, 4 and the writing
appliances 99 999 taking the positions g', g³, g³, g', g', whilst the pivots a¹ b
maintain their original positions.
In the modification illustrated in Fig. 5 with vertical parallelogram, the vertical
sides or rods of the parallelogram p, p, being jointed to the horizontal rods c d' are
guided and movable in a horizontal guide rod e¹ supported by standards go this
guide rod el corresponding to the stationary support e in Fig. 1 so that when one of

page_text: the writing appliances is moved to and fro or up and down, all the others follow to
these movements. The guides in the rod el are constructed with gimbals or with
ball and socket joints.
In the second modification Fig. 6 the two parallel sides a b of the parallelogram
are stationary and along them slide the carriages which have transverse holes
or tubes ss in which can slide longitudinally the rod e' carrying the writing or
drawing appliances.
By the movement of the rod along the two bars a b by means of the
carriages as well as perpendicularly to that direction through the holes or
tubes as the writing appliances which may be secured to the rod c³ as well as to
its branches cccccan produce any desired writing or drawing.
As a writing or drawing appliance I may employ a fountain pen as illustrated in
longitudinal section by Fig. 7. It consists of a cylindrical vessel t closed at the top
which vessel is provided on its lower extremity with a steel cone u provided with a
capillary hole or channel for the ink. In the receptacle t above the cone u is a
lateral hole or opening which admits air to fill the space above the level oo of
the ink, the effective pressure of the liquid at the point w is thus proportional to
the difference of level between and consequently the pressure at w and the
outflow are kept constant as long as the upper level oo of the ink is situated above
the level of the point v.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An apparatus for producing simultaneously several similar writings or
drawings, consisting of one or more rods such as c or c¹ carrying writing or drawing
appliances and forming the side of a jointed parallelogram the sides a b (Fig. 1)
or p p (Fig. 5) of which turn on stationary pivots situated in a line e or el parallel
to c or c and at the same time slide equally lengthwise through these pivots.
2. The modified apparatus illustrated by Fig. 6 wherein the rod c' slides both
longitudinally and transversely as guided by carriages r along stationary parallel
rods substantially as described.
3. In apparatus such as are above referred to the device for simultaneously
raising all the writing appliances, consisting of a common support k, Fig. 2, to
which are attached the sockets i¹³ passing freely through the rod c and capable
of being moved independently of rod c substantially as set forth.
4. In the apparatus above referred to in combination with the writing or drawing
appliances springs and adjustable screw glands n and rings o substantially as
described.
5. In the apparatus such as are above described the use of a fountain pen
substantially as described with reference to Fig. 7.
Dated this 25th day of August 1892.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.