Iм- PROVEMENTS IN POWER Looms
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Loughborough
Park, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN POWER Looms."-A communication from abroad by
Erastus Brigham Bigelow, residing at Boston, United States of
America.
Sealed the 13th November 1868, and dated the 20th May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson
Bousfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 20th May 1868.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER Looms," to be as follows:-
A part of the Invention relates to a mode of raising and depressing
the jacquard machine used in power looms to adjust the height of the
harness cords as they are distended or contracted by atmospheric or
other causes. For this purpose I place two girths across the loom at
the top of the loom frame which are parallel to each other and to the
lay shaft, and support the mechanism for raising and depressing the
A

page_text: jacquard machine. In bearings formed in the upper edges of the two
girths just mentioned two transverse shafts are placed, to the ends of
each of which a scroll like cam is affixed, and on these four cams the
four fect of the jacquard machine rest. Each of the transverse shafts
carries a screw gear wheel, both of which are acted on by screws or
worms affixed to a horizontal shaft so placed that the screws or worms
will engage with their respective screw gears. The cams and screw or
worm of one of the transverse shafts is made opposite handed to the
cam and screw or worm of the other transverse shaft, that is, right
handed for one shaft and left handed for the other, in order that the
tendency of the weight of the jacquard machine to turn the transverse
shafts may be counterbalanced. The horizontal shaft is provided with
a wheel or crank by which the shaft may be easily turned, and when
turned in one direction it will raise the jacquard machine and when
turned in the opposite direction it will depress it, whilst the counter-
balancing arrangement just described will sustain the jacquard machine
in any position in which it may be placed.
P-
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of operating the
jacquard machine and its appendages, and consists of a combined
arrangement of mechanism whereby the trap boards and journals are
elevated and depressed to shed the warps, and the pattern card cylinder
or axis is vibrated to shift the pattern cards, which arrangement of
mechanism may be understood as follows:-Upright levers, one for
of the trap boards and one for the pattern card cylinder, are
placed at a side of the jacquard machine though at some distance from
it, which upright levers vibrate on a central axis arranged transversely
to the lay shaft and supported by the main framework of the loom, so
that the jacquard machine may be raised or depressed to adjust the
height of the harness without moving the upright levers. From the
upper ends of the upright levers straps or chains lead off horizontally
or nearly so over guide pulleys and down to their respective trap boards
and to the levers which vibrate the pattern card cylinder, so that by
moving the lower arms of the upright levers towards the loom they
will elevate the parts with which they are respectively connected, and
by allowing them to be moved in the opposite direction the parts
'with which they are respectively connected will fall by their own
gravity, the pattern cylinder being drawn against the needles of the
jacquard machine by a weight or spring. To actuate the upright

page_text: levers I place a shaft in a horizontal position parallel to their axis
and supported by bearings affixed to the loom frame. This horizontal
shaft receives motion from a shaft of the loom by an upright shaft
which is connected at its upper and lower ends respectively to the
horizontal shaft and loom shaft by bevil gears, the relative proportions
of the bevil gears varying in different looms according to the structure
of the cloth to be woven, that is, according to the number of beats
of the lay required to each revolution of the horizontal shaft. The
horizontal shaft carries a series of cams one for each of the upright
levers which act on cam bowls on the lower ends of the said levers,
the cams being so formed as to raise the trap boards and to draw the
pattern card cylinder away from the needles and allow them to return
by the force of their own weight or the weight attached to them.
By connecting the upright levers with the parts which they respectively
operate by straps or chains leading off horizontally as before explained,
the jacquard machine may be raised or depressed to adjust the height
of the harness without the necessity of adjusting the straps or chains.
The journals which co-operate with the jacquard machine to work
the jacquard harness are placed across the loom above but near the
warps and rise and fall in suitable guides affixed to the loom frame.
Above the journals a series of oscillating shafts are placed across the
loom, one for each journal, which carry a lever arm at each of their
ends, which lever arms are attached to the journals by connecting
wires in such manner that when the shafts are turned in one direction
they will raise the journals to which they are respectively attached,
and when turned in the opposite direction they will allow them to
fall by their own gravity. One set of the lever arms of the oscillating
shafts just mentioned are attached by other connecting wires to a
series of horizontal levers placed above the horizontal shaft before
described, there being one such horizontal lever for each of the
oscillating shafts. These horizontal levers vibrate on an axis parallel
to the axis of the upright levers and are actuated by cams on the
horizontal shaft which carries the cams which actuate the upright
levers as before described. The cams for actuating the trap boards
and journals are so shaped and arranged on the horizontal shaft as to
raise one part of the jacquard harness whilst the other part is depressed,
so that the descending portion is in a considerable degree counter-
balanced by the ascending portion and the harness thus maintained
in a state of equipoise during the operation of the loom.

page_text: The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of constructing
and operating a cam for shifting the shuttle boxes of power looms,
and is particularly applicable to the weaving of ingrain or Scotch
carpeting. For weaving a two-ply ingrain or Scotch carpet two acting
shuttle boxes only are required, one for each ply of the cloth, which
are shifted in regular succession, as one, two, one, two, and so on;
whereas for weaving a two-ply ingrain or Scotch "shot about " carpet
three acting shuttle boxes, are required, which are shifted in irregular
succession, as one, two, one, three, one, two, one, three, and so on.
A loom organized for weaving two-ply carpets has its cam shaft revolved
once to the lay shaft twice, so that a cam constructed in the usual
way and affixed to the cam shaft will shift the two shuttle boxes in
the required alternate succession. Now it is desirable to have a cam
which when affixed to the cam shaft having one revolution to two
of the lay shaft will bring the third shuttle box required for "shot
about" into action when required, and to meet this want is the object
of this part of the Invention, which is accomplished as follows:-A
cam is first formed and affixed to the cam shaft in the usual way for
shifting the two extreme shuttle boxes in alternate succession in the
order of one, three, one, three, and so on. I then apply a segment of
a cam capable of sliding endwise of the cam shaft which is made to
slide in and out of the depressed part of the main cam just mentioned.
When it is slid into the depressed part of the main cam the two parts
co-operating will shift the shuttle boxes as one, two, and when it is
withdrawn it will shift them as one, three, thus it will be seen that
by sliding the segment of a cam in and out of the depressed part of
the main cam at the required intervals of time the necessary changes
of the shuttle boxes for "shot about" carpets may be effected. To
slide the segment in and out of the depressed part of the main cam
I employ another cam carried by the shaft which governs the order
of succession in which the shuttles are thrown, and which has a slower
movement than the cam shaft, it being in the ratio of one to four
This cam arrangement is also applicable and I intend to apply it to
the weaving of three-ply "shot about" carpets, for which the acting
shuttle boxes are shifted in the order of one, two, three, one, two, four
one, two, three, and so on.

page_text: reserved supply of shuttles for the acting shuttle boxes above mentioned,
and consists in the employment of segment gears to give the rotary
reciprocating motion to the pinions for shifting the shuttle holders
instead of the vibrating racks heretofore employed, and described in
a Patent granted to the said Erastus Brigham Bigelow the 26th day of
March 1867, and numbered 883. There being two pinions for each
series of shuttle holders which turn simultaneously in opposite directions,
one to move the shuttle boxes in one direction and the other to move
them in the opposite direction, it is necessary that one of the segment
gears should act on its pinion on one side of the shaft which carries
them, and that the other segment gear should act on its pinion on
the opposite side of the shaft, so that when the two segment gears aro
vibrated together they will turn one of the pinions in one direction and
the other in the opposite direction as required. These segment gears aro
affixed to arms carried by an oscillating shaft which extends across
the loom, there being one set of them for the shuttle holders at each
side of the loom, so that by oscillating the shaft at cach beat of the
lay it will put the pinions in a condition to shift the shuttle holders
at either side of the loom when required. The required oscillating
motion is given to the oscillating shaft by a lever connection acted
on by a cam on the upright shaft before described, which transmits
motion from a shaft of the loom to another shaft at the top of the loom
which carries the cams for operating the jacquard machine.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of construct. -
the apparatus for engaging and disengaging the driving pulley with
the driving shaft, such as is described in a Patent granted to the
said Erastus Brigham Bigelow the 27 day of September 1866, and
numbered 2503, and consists, first, in actuating the toggle-jointed
levers which press friction surfaces against the rim of the driving
pulley to operate the loom by a wedge-formed bar, which is inserted
between the abutting ends of the toggle-jointed levers, which when
pushed inwards causes the toggle-jointed levers to press the friction
surfaces connected with them against the rim of the driving pulley
and start the loom, and when it is withdrawn allows the springs which
act on the friction surfaces to withdraw them from the rim of the
driving pulley and stop the loom. The toggle-jointed levers, when
actuated by a wedge-formed bar as just described, have no vibration
lengthwise of the shaft as when their ends abut together in the manner

page_text: described in the Patent last referred to, and the mortice in the driving
shaft in which they plv is contracted in its length so as to guide
them in a radial direction.
"vare moved towards and from the
driving shaft to engage and disengage the driving pulley with the
driving shaft, and at their outer ends are guided by guides suitably
affixed to the break wheel. The wedge-formed bar which is employed
to actuate the toggle-jointed levers as above described is jointed to
the sliding rod which slides in a central hole in the driving shaft, in
order that it may adjust itself to any variation there may be in the
length of the toggle-jointed levers. This part of the Invention consist,
secondly, in dispensing with the friction levers which the toggle-jointed
levers press against the rim of the driving pulley as described in the
Patent just referred to, and applying the friction surfaces, directly to
the outer ends of the toggle-jointed levers, which when actuated by the
wedge-formed bar as above described will act directly on rim of the
driving pulley.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of constructing
and operating the reversing mechanism for turning a loom backwards
to put it in any desired position, and consists in employing the belt
which drives the loom to turn the reversing mechanism instead of a
friction roller or gear on the hub of the driving pulley as described in
a Patent granted to the said Erastus Brigham Bigelow the 1st day
of May 1867, and numbered 1269. For this purpose two arms which
extend from a tube which oscillates on a stud supported by the loom
frame carry an axis in a position parallel to the driving shaft, which
axis carries a friction pulley suitably placed to be acted on by the
driving belt as will be presently explained. This axis also carries
a gear which acts on an intermediate gear which engages with a gear
on the driving shaft when the movement of the loom is reversed. The
intermediate gear is required to change the direction of motion given
to the first-mentioned gear by the belt, and is supported by one of
the arms which support the axis which carries the friction pulley
which is acted on by the driving belt, so that all the parts of the re-
versing mechanism vibrate together. When the tube before mentioned
is turned on its stud in the direction towards the driving shaft, the
intermediate gear will engage with the gear on the driving shaft, and
the friction pulley be pressed against the driving belt, and so long as
the friction pulley is pressed against the driving belt it will turn the

page_text: reversing mechanism, and when it is withdrawn from the driving shaft
so as to disengage the intermediate gear from the gear on the driving
shaft the reversing mechanism will cease to act and remain at rest until
it is again brought into action as before.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of constructing a
harness motion such as is described in a Patent granted to the said
Erastus Brigham Bigelow the 12th day of July 1867, and numbered
2058, and consists, first, in connecting the latch levers and balance
levers therein described by wires or rods instead of cords as therein
described, which wires or rods pass from the latch levers up to the
balance levers in the same plane as that in which the vertical harness
levers with which the latch levers are connected vibrate. And this
part of the Invention also consists in deflecting the balance levers, so
that their outer ends on which the pattern surface acts will occupy a
narrower space than that which their inner ends with which the rods
or wires are connected necessarily occupy in order to retain the rods
or wires in the plane of the vertical harness levers as above described,
the object of contracting the outer ends of the balance levers being to
contract the width of the pattern surface in a corresponding degree.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of governing the
order of succession in which the shuttles are thrown, and may be under-
stood as follows:-Two picker levers are employed as is usual, one on
either side of the loom, which are connected at their forward ends with
the picker staffs, and carry cam bowls at their rear ends, which are acted
on by cams on the lay shaft to throw the shuttle. They oscillate on
studs projecting from the lower frame, and are also capable of being slid
endwise thereon to bring their cam bowls into and out of the path of
the cams, which act on them according to the order in which the
shuttles are to be thrown. They are also guided and supported by
upright oscillating levers, which are connected together by a connecting
rod, so that when the connecting rod is moved in one direction it will
push one of the picker levers into position to be acted upon by its cam,
and the other picker lever out of position to be so acted upon, and vice
versa. This part of the Invention consists in the arrangement and com-
bination of mechanism by which the picker levers are slid into and out
of position to be acted upon by their cams as just described, and also in
a peculiar application of the pattern surface which governs the action of
this mechanism. This part of the Invention is intended to be used in

page_text: connection with lo having a series of leaves of harnesses operated
by a corresponding ser, of levers governed by a pattern surface as
described in the Patent of the 12th of July 1867, numbered 2058, before
referred to, and in order that it may be more readily understood I shall
refer in this Specification to some of the parts described in said Patent.
To slide the picker levers into and out of position to be acted upon
by their cams as above explained a lever arm is placed beside the series
of vertical harness levers described in the Patent just referred to, and
vibrates on the same axes on which they vibrate. This lever arm has
jointed to its lower end a horizontal latch lever, which is connected by
a rod or wire to a balance lever, which vibrates on the axis on which
the balance levers of the vertical harness levers vibrate. This lever arm
is operated by the horizontal bars which operate the vertical harness
levers, but they move it whilst being closed to close the shed of the
warps instead of by their opening movement on account of the relative
difference of time in which the shed is formed, and the shuttles are
thrown. The order in which the horizontal bars act on the lever arm to
determine the side of the loom from which the shuttle is to be thrown is
governed by a pattern surface which is carried by the same cylinder or
axis which carries the pattern surface for governing the action of the
leaves of harnesses. The cylinder or axis which carries the pattern
surfaces receives from the loom a continuous rotary motion, and moves
in unison with it whether it is moved backwards or forwards, and by
placing the two pattern surfaces on one axis they may both be operated
by one arrangement of mechanism, and be adjusted to their proper
relations with the loom to restore a "lost pick" by one action.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of governing the
action of the mechanism employed to shift the shuttle boxes, and may
be understood as follows:-Two balance levers are placed upon the same
axis which carries the balance lever of the mechanism which governs
the order in which the shuttles are thrown, as herein-before described,
and the balance levers of the mechanism which operates the leaves of
harnesses as described in the Patent last referred to. The inner ends of
these two balance levers are connected by suitable means with the
mechanism which shifts the shuttle boxes, whilst their outer ends are
acted upon by a pattern surface in the same manner as the other balance
levers just alluded to are acted upon by their pattern surfaces. When
their outer ends are raised by the pattern surface which governs their

page_text: action they put the mechanism which shifts the shuttle boxes in action,
and when they are allowed to remain at rest no shifting movement of the
shuttle boxes takes place. These balance levers are so connected with
the mechanism which shifts the shuttle boxes that when their outer ends
are raised they put the shifting mechanism in action, one of the balance
levers causing the shifting mechanism to move the shuttle boxes in one
direction and the other in the opposite direction. The balance levers are
raised to shift the shuttle boxes in the required order by a pattern
surface which is carried by same axis on cylinder which carries the
pattern surfaces which govern the action of the harnesses and the throwing
of the shuttles, so that the then pattern surfaces are operated by one
arrangement of mechanism, and moved together in unison with the loom
whether it be moved forward or backward, and may all be adjusted to
their proper relation with the loom to restore a "lost pick" by one
action of the attendant. Though the three pattern surfaces are all
carried by one axis or cylinder I prefer to make the pattern chain which
governs the action of the leaves of heddles separate from the chains
which govern the order in which the shuttles are thrown, and in which
the shuttle boxes are changed, though the two pattern chains last
named may be conveniently joined together as they act on their balance
levers at an earlier stage of the operation of the loom than that in which
the harness pattern chain acts. In connecting the latch levers with the
balance levers on which the three pattern chains act by a rod or wire, as
before described, it is important that the rod or wire be provided with
a loose connection so arranged as to allow the pattern chains to raise the
outer ends of the balance levers without moving the latch levers with
which they are connected, for it is by this means that the axis or
cylinder which carries the pattern chains is made capable of receiving
from the loom a continuous rotary motion. Connecting the latch levers
with the balance levers by a rod or wire having a loose connection, and
combining therewith continuously moving pattern surfaces as above
described, constitutes one part of the Invention.
.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 20th November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the County
of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special licence
that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS," a communication to me from abroad by
Erastus Brigham Bigelow, a person resident at Boston, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
A part of the Invention relates to a mode of raising and depressing the
jacquard machine used in power looms to adjust the height of the
harness cords as they are distended or contracted by atmospheric or
other causes. For this purpose I place two girths across the loom at
the top of the loom frame, which are parallel to each other and to the

page_text: lay shaft, and support the mechanism for raising and depressing the
jacquard machine. In bearings formed in the upper edges of the two
girths just mentioned two transverse shafts are placed, to the ends of
each of which a scroll like cam is affixed, and on these four cams the
four feet of the jacquard machine rest. Each of the transverse shafts
carries a screw gear wheel, both of which are acted on by screws or
worms affixed to a horizontal shaft so placed that the screws or worms
will engage with their respective screw gears. The cams and screw or
worm of one of the transverse shafts is made opposite handed to the cam
and screw or worm of the other transverse shaft, that is, right handed for
one shaft and left handed for the other, in order that the tendency of
the weight of the jacquard machine to turn the transverse shafts may be
counterbalanced. The horizontal shaft is provided with a wheel or
crank, by which the shaft may be easily turned, and when turned in
one direction it will raise the jacquard machine and when turned in the
opposite direction it will depress it, whilst the counterbalancing arrange-
ment just described will sustain the jacquard machine in any position in
which it may be placed.
This part of the Invention is represented by the Drawings in Figures 1
and 2, Figure 1 being a front view thereof, and Figure 2 a left-hand
view, which views represent not only this part of my Invention, but the
jacquard machine and the means by which it is operated.
The various parts of the loom frame are marked-a, and the two girths
which support the mechanism for raising and depressing the jacquard
machine are marked b. In the upper edges of the girths 6 bearings are
formed, in which the two transverse shafts c turn, which shafts carry
a cam d at each of their outer ends, on which the four feet of the
jacquard machine, which are marked e, rest. To the rear ends of the
shafts c a worm gear i is affixed, and a horizontal shaft supported by
bearings g carries two worms or endless screws h which engage with and
turn their respective worm gears (i. The cams d and the worms and
gears which turn the shafts which carry them are right and left handed,
in order that the tendency of the weight of the jacquard machine to
turn the shafts may be counterbalanced. j is a hand wheel, by which
the weaver turns the shaft f, which when turned in one direction raises
the jacquard machine, and when turned in the opposite direction
depresses it, the jacquard machine being retained in its proper position
by the counterbalancing action of the right and left handed cams and

page_text: gears just described. The feet of the jacquard machine may be held in
position over the cams on which they rest by guides affixed to the
girths 6.
What I claim with respect to this part of the Invention is, the com-
bined arrangement of mechanism herein described for raising and
depressing the jacquard machine and retaining it in position, consisting
of two sets of cams and gears operated by one shaft, one set being right
handed and the other left handed, substantially as described.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of operating the
jacquard machine and its appendages, and consists of a combined
arrangement of mechanism whereby the trap boards and journals are
elevated and depressed to shed the warps, and the pattern card cylinder
or axis is vibrated to shift the pattern cards, which arrangement of
mechanism may be understood as follows:-Upright levers, one for
each of the trap boards and one for the pattern card cylinder, are placed
at a side of the jacquard machine, though at some distance from it,
which upright levers vibrate on a central axis arranged transversely to the
lay shaft and supported by the main framework of the loom, so that the
jacquard machine may be raised or depressed to adjust the height of the
harness without moving the upright levers. From the upper ends of
the upright levers straps or chains lead off horizontally, or nearly so,
over guide pulleys and down to their respective trap boards and to the
lever which vibrates the pattern card cylinder, so that by moving the
lower arms of the upright levers towards the loom they will elevate
the parts with which they are respectively connected, and by allowing
them to be moved in the opposite direction the parts with which they
are respectively connected will fall by their own gravity, the pattern
cylinder being drawn against the needles of the jacquard machine by a
weight or spring. To actuate the upright levers I place a shaft in a
horizontal position parallel to their axis and support it by bearings
affixed to the loom frame. This horizontal shaft receives motion from a
shaft of the loom by an upright shaft which is connected at its upper
and lower ends respectively to the horizontal shaft and loom shaft by
bevil gears, the relative proportions of the bevil gears varying in different
looms according to the structure of the cloth to be woven, that is,
according to the number of beats of the lay required to each revolution
of the horizontal shaft. The horizontal shaft carries a series of cams,
one for each of the upright levers, which act on cam bowls on the lower

page_text: ends of the said levers, the cams being so formed as to raise the trap
boards and to draw the pattern card cylinder away from the needles
and allow them to return by the force of their own weight or the
weight attached to them. By connecting the upright levers with the
parts which they respectively operate by straps or chains leading
off horizontally as before explained, the jacquard machine may be raised
or depressed to adjust the height of the harness without the necessity of
adjusting the straps or chains. The journals which co-operate with the
jacquard machine to work the jacquard harness are placed across the
loom above, but near the warps, and rise and fall in suitable guides
affixed to the loom frame. Above the journals a series of oscillating
shafts are placed across the loom, one for each journal, which carry a
lever arm at each of their ends, which lever arms are attached to the
journals by connecting wires in such manner that when the shafts are
turned in one direction they will raise the journals to which they are
respectively attached, and when turned in the opposite direction they
will allow them to fall by their own gravity. One set of the lever arms.
of the oscillating shafts just mentioned are attached by other connecting
wires to a series of horizontal levers placed above the horizontal shaft
before described, there being one such horizontal lever for cach of the
oscillating shafts. These horizontal levers vibrate on an axis parallel to
the axis of the upright levers, and are actuated by the cams on the
horizontal shaft which carries the cams which actuate the upright levers,
as before described. The cams for actuating the trap boards and journals
are so shaped and arranged on the horizontal shaft as to raise one part
of the jacquard harness whilst the other part is depressed, so that the
descending portion is in a considerable degree counterbalanced by the
ascending portion, and the harness thus maintained in a state of
equipoise during the operation of the loom. The jacquard machine,
as before stated, rests on the cams d, as represented in Figures 1 and 2,
and is of a construction adapted to the weaving of two-ply Scotch
carpeting. The trap boards k are constructed as is usual, and are guided
in their up-and-down movement by the guide stands 1. The harness
cords m, represented by red lines, are suspended from a board n on the
top of the jacquard frame, and pass down through guide boards o and p,
and then through the journals q in the usual manner. The action of the
jacquard machine and journals on the harness cords being the same as
in other looms, it is unnecessary to describe the mounting more fully,
or to represent the needles and pattern card of the jacquard machine.

page_text: The journals are arranged a
guided in their up-and-down m
the loom frame. > represent!
through the bevil gears t to
action of the bevil pinion and t
shaft, the gears being of such
s the loom above the warps, and are
ment by the guide stands affixed to
e lay shaft, which imparts motion
upright shaft u, which shaft by the
evil wheel wo turns the horizontal cam
tive proportions that four revolutions
of the lay shaft & will turn the horizontal cam shaft x once. The relative
speeds of the two shafts, however, may be varied according to the
character of the cloth to be wrought, for a three-ply Scotch carpet
they should be in the ratio of six to one. c' represent standards which
extend upwards from the girths b and support the horizontal cam shaft x
and the axes of the levers presently to be described. The horizontal
cam shaft carries seven cams (see Figure 2), of which (1 and 2) actuate
the trap boards of the jacquard machine; 3, the pattern card cylinder,
and (4, 5, 6, and 7) the journals; (y, z, and a¹) represent upright levers,
which vibrate on an axis b' supported by the standards c¹ before described.
The lower arms of these levers are provided with cams bowls d', on which
their respective cams act, and are bent to bring their cam bowls to a
suitable position relative to the cams. Their upper arms have straps f
attached to them, which connect them with the parts of the jacquard
machine which they respectively operate. The levers y and z which
operate the trap boards carry two straps cach, one of which passes over
its guide pulley g', and is attached to one end of the trap board, and the
other over its guide pulley h', and is attached to the other end of the
trap board, so that when the levers are moved they act on both ends of
their trap boards simultaneously and keep them in a level position. The
lever a has only one strap, which passes over its guide pulley g¹ down
to and is connected with the weighted lever , which operates the
pattern card cylinder 1. The weighted lever o¹ vibrates on a stud k¹, and
has an upright arm 1', which is connected by the bar m¹ with the arm n¹
affixed to and depending from the shaft o'. The shaft o' is supported by
stands projecting from the jacquard frame, and carries two upright
arms p', which are respectively connected at their upper ends by a slot
and pin connection with the horizontal bars q', which carry the pattern
card cylinder j before alluded to. Thus it will be seen that when the
weighted lever v¹ is raised it will carry the pattern card cylinder j' away
from the needles, and when it is allowed to descend it will draw it
against them. 1 is a lever which acts on a projection extending from
the weighted lever ', and by which the weaver by taking hold of the

page_text: handles may operate the pattern card cylinder when the loom is
stopped; represents stands which support four oscillating shafts v
which extend across the loom, there being one such shaft for each of the
four journals q before described. Each of the shafts 8 is provided with
two arms to', which are connected with their respective journals q by the
connecting wires x, so that the shafts when turned in one direction will
raise the journals, and when turned in the opposite direction they will
descend by their own weight. y' represents four horizontal levers, which
vibrate on an axis z', and are connected respectively to one of the arms
of the four shafts by the connecting wires a". Each of the horizontal
levers y carries a cam bowl 6", which is acted upon by its respective
cam on the cam shaft x, the four journal cams, as before stated, being
numbered (4, 5, 6, and 7). The range of motion of the cams is indicated
by the red lines c" and d", but as their shapes will vary according to the
character of the cloth to be woven they are not represented. The cams
1 and 2, which operate the trap boards, and 4, 5, 6, and 7, which operate
the journals, should be shaped as to allow one part of the harness to
descend whilst the other part ascends, thus keeping the harness in a
state of equipoise.
What I claim with respect to this part of the Invention is, the
combined arrangement of mechanism herein described for operating
the jacquard harness, whereby the trap boards, pattern card cylinder,
and journals, are operated by one cam shaft, as described, and whereby
the jacquard may be elevated or depressed to adapt it to the varying
lengths of the harness chords without the necessity of adjusting the straps
or their equivalents which connect the moving parts of the jacquard
machine with the levers which operate them, substantially as specified.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of constructing
and operating a cam for shifting the shuttle boxes of power looms,
and is particularly applicable to the weaving of ingrain or Scotch
carpeting. For weaving a two-ply ingrain or Scotch carpet two acting
shuttle boxes only are required, one for each ply of the carpet, which
are shifted in regular succession as one, two, one, two, and so on,
whereas for weaving a two-ply ingrain or Scotch "shot about ". carpet
three acting shuttle boxes are required, which are shifted in irregular
succession, as one, two, one, three, one, two, and so on. A loom
arranged for weaving two-ply carpets has its cam shaft revolved once to
the lay shafts twice, so that a cam constructed in the usual manner

page_text: and affixed to the cam shaft will shift the two shuttle boxes in the
required alternate succession. Now it is desirable to have a cam which
when affixed to the cam shaft having one revolution to two of the lay
shaft will bring the third shuttle box required for "shot about" into
action when required, and to meet this want is the object of this part
of the Invention, which is accomplished as follows:-A cam is first
formed and affixed to the cam shaft in the usual way for shifting the two
extreme shuttle boxes in alternate succession, in the order of one, three,
one, three, and so on. I then apply a segment of a cam capable of
sliding endwise of the cam shaft, which is made to slide in and out of
the depressed part of the main cam just mentioned. When it is slid into
the depressed part of the main cam the two parts co-operating will shift
the shuttle boxes as one, two, and when it is withdrawn it will shift them
as one, three; thus it will be seen that by sliding the segment of a cam
in and out of the depressed part of the main cam at the required
intervals of time the necessary changes of the shuttle boxes for "shot
about" carpets may be effected. To slide the segment in and out
of the depressed part of the main cam, I employ another cam carried
by the shaft which governs the order of succession in which the shuttles
are thrown, and which has a slower movement than the cam shaft, it
being in the ratio of one to four. This cam arrangement is also
applicable and I intend to apply it to the weaving of three-ply "shot
about" carpets, for which the acting shuttle boxes are shifted in the
order of one, two, three, one, two, four, one, two, three, and so on.
An end view of this part of the Invention is represented in Figure 3,
and a front view in Figure 4, together with such parts of the loom as
are necessary to exemplify it. These improvements are represented
as applied to moving horizontal shuttle boxes working in connection
with a series of shuttle holders, as described in a Patent granted to
Erastus Brigham Bigelow, dated the 19th day of October 1866, and
numbered 2710. e" represents an oscillating shaft which carries two
upright arms f, which are jointed to the rear side of the horizontal
shuttle boxes g, as shown in the Drawings; " is another arm which
is affixed to the shaft e", and is connected to a lever by the spring
bar. The lever vibrates on a stud " and carries a cam bowl /",
which is acted upon by the cam m". The cam m" raises the lever "
and moves the shuttle boxes forward, and the weight of the lever "
draws them back again, when the cam allows it to descend. The
cam m¹¹ is made in two parts, one of which is indicated by the black

page_text: lines ", and is made fast to the loom shaft o", and the other is indicated
by the red lines p", and is made capable of sliding endwise of said shaft.
To weave a two-ply "shot about" carpet three horizontal shuttle boxes
are required, which are brought into action in irregular succession, as
one, two, one, three, one, two, and so on; and if the cam as indicated
by the red line was allowed continuous action on the cam bowl ", the
shuttle boxes would be shifted in the order of one, two, one, two, and
if the cam, as indicated by the black lines was in constant action they
would be shifted in the order of one, three, one, three. Thus it will be
seen that the irregular changes may be effected by sliding the moveable
part of the cam into and out of the path of the cam bowl at the
required times,. that is to say, when it is required to shift from one
two it is slid into position to act on the cam bowl, and when it is
required to shift from one to three it is withdrawn so as to clear the cam
bowl. A front view of the cam is given in Figure 4, in which the
sliding part is indicated in red and in a position to act on the cam bowl.
A groove q is formed in its. hub in which a fork on the end of the
lever plays. The lever vibrates on a stud s", and is provided with
projections, which embrace the sides of the cam wheel u", which is so
shaped as to vibrate the lever and slide the moveable part of the
cam.m into and out of action at the required time. The cam wheel u¹¹
is affixed to the shaft ", which may also be employed to regulate the
order in which the shuttles are thrown. The shaft v is connected with
the shaft o by the pinion w" and gear wheel x", which are in the
ratio of four to one, so that in a two-ply loom the shaft o" has one
revolution to two of the lay shaft, and the shaft ¹¹ has one revolution
to cight of the lay shaft.
+
ม
What I claim with respect to this part of the Invention is, making
the cam which actuates the shuttle boxes in two parts, and operating it.
substantially in the manner and for the purposes specified.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of actuating the
mechanism which shifts the series of shuttle holders by carrying a
reserved supply of shuttles for the acting shuttle boxes above mentioned,
and consists in the employment of segment gears to give the rotary
reciprocating motion to the pinions for shifting, the shuttle holders,
instead of the vibrating racks heretofore employed, and described in a
Patent granted to the said Erastus Brigham Bigelow the 26th day of
March 1867, and numbered 883. There being two pinions for each
B.

page_text: series of shuttle holders which turn simultaneously in opposite directions,
one to move the shuttle boxes in one direction and the other to move
them in the opposite direction, it is necessary that one of the segment
gears should act on its pinion on one side of the shaft which carries
them, and that the other segment gear should act on its pinion on the
opposite side of the shaft, so that when the two segment gears are
vibrated together, they will turn one of the pinions in one direction and
the other in the opposite direction as required. These segment gears
are affixed to arms carried by an oscillating shaft which extends across
the loom, there being one set of them for the shuttle holders at each
side of the loom, so that by oscillating the shaft at each beat of the
lay it will put the pinions in a condition to shift the shuttle holders at
either side of the loom when required. The required oscillating motion
is given to the oscillating shaft by a lever connection acted on by a cam
on the upright shaft before described, which transmits motion from a
shaft of the loom to another shaft at the top of the loom which carries
the cams for operating the jacquard machine. Figure 5 is a diagram
view of this part of my Invention, and Figure 6 an end view showing
its relation to some of the other parts of the loom. y" represents a cam
on the upright shaft u before described, which acts on the horizontal
arm of the crank lever 21, and causes it to vibrate on the stud a". The
depending arm of the crank lever 21 is connected by the spring bar 63
to the upright lever arm c³, which is affixed to the oscillating shaft d³.
The oscillating shaft d' is supported by bearings e³, and has affixed to
it at each end an arm f³, which is provided with two segments of gear
teeth g³ and ³. The segment g³ acts on the upper side of the pinion ³,
and the segment h³ on the lower side of the pinion j³, so that when the
segments are vibrated by the cam y", as just explained, they will rotate
the pinions in opposite directions. The pinions and j" are made to
turn on the shaft to shift the shuttle holders in the same manner as
the pinions rotated by reciprocating racks do, a full description of which
is contained in the Patent of the 26th day of March 1867, numbered
883, before referred to.
What I claim with respect to this part of the Invention is, the
employment of segments of gear teeth for shifting the shuttle holders of
power looms when constructed and operated substantially as specified.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of constructing the
apparatus for engaging and disengaging the driving nulley with the

page_text: driving shaft, such as is described in a Patent granted to the said Erastus
Brigham Bigelow the 27th. day of September 1866, and numbered 2503,
and consists, first, in actuating the toggle-jointed levers which press
friction surfaces against the rim of the driving pulley to operate the
loom by a wedge-formed bar, which is inserted between the abutting
ends of the toggle-jointed levers, which when pushed inwards causes the
toggle-jointed levers to press the friction surfaces connected with them
against the rim of the driving pulley and start the loom, and when it is
withdrawn allows the springs which act on the friction surfaces to
withdraw them from the rim. of the driving pulley and stop the loom.
The toggle-jointed levers when. actuated by a wedge-formed bar, as just
described, have no vibration lengthwise of the shaft, as when their ends
abut together in the manner described in the Patent last referred to,
and the mortice in the driving shaft in which they ply is contracted
in its length so as to guide them in a radial direction as they are moved
towards and from the driving shaft to engage and disengage the driving
pulley with the driving, shaft, and their outer ends are guided by guides
suitably affixed to the brake wheel. The wedge-formed bar which is
employed to actuate the toggle-jointed levers, as above described, is
jointed to the sliding rod which slides in a central hole in the driving
shaft in order that it may adjust itself to any variation there may be in
the length of the toggle-jointed levers. This part of the Invention
consists, secondly, in dispensing with the friction levers which the
toggle-jointed levers press against the rim of the driving pulley, as
described in the Patent just referred to, and applying the friction surfaces
directly to the outer ends of the toggle-jointed levers, which when
actuated by the wedge-formed bar, as above described, will act directly
on the rim of the driving pulley. Figure 7 represents an end view
of this part of the Invention, and Figure 8 a transverse section
thereof. represents the loom shaft, and the brake wheel affixed
to it; m³ represents an extension of the loom shaft for the driving
pulley to turn on, which is secured to the hub of the brake wheel
by bolts o. This part of the loom shaft may be made of wrought iron
or cast iron; it is represented in the Drawings as of cast iron,. as the
required openings in it may be easily formed by casting them. p repre-
sents the toggle-jointed levers for engaging and disengaging the driving
pulley with the driving shaft. The outer ends of these toggle-jointed
levers terminate in the form of a cross, which is curved to conform to
the inner surface of the driving pulley. They are guided and supported:

page_text: at their outer ends by projections q3 on the arms of the brake wheel,
whilst their inner ends ply in mortices formed in the cast part of the
loom shaft m³, they being so fitted thereon as to freely slide towards and
from the loom shaft. is a rod capable of sliding to and fro in the
hole formed in the end of the loom shaft; it has a wedged-formed
bar jointed to it, which passes between the abutting ends of the toggle-
jointed levers p³, the object of the joint being to allow the bar to adapt
itself to any slight difference there may be in the comparative lengths
of the toggle-jointed levers without throwing the rod out of centre,
and thus causing it to bind. The toggle-jointed levers are constantly
pressed against the wedge-formed bar by a spring 23 affixed to a pro-
jection on an arm of the brake wheel. The outer end of the sliding
rod may be formed with a groove or head as may be most convenient
for connecting it with the loom shipper by which it is operated. From
the foregoing description it will be obvious that when the sliding
rod is moved inwards the wedged-formed bar will press the outer
ends of the toggle-jointed levers p³ against the inner surface of the
driving pulley n³ and start the loom, and when it is withdrawn the
spring will draw the toggle-jointed levers away from the driving
pulley and stop the loom.
What I claim with respect to this part of the Invention is, pressing
friction surfaces against the rim of the driving pulley to engage it with
the driving shaft by a wedge-formed bar moved inwards and outwards in
a central hole in the driving shaft as described.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of constructing and
operating the reversing mechanism for turning a loom backwards to put
it in any desired position, and consists in employing the belt which
drives the loom to turn the reversing mechanism instead of a friction
roller or gear on the hub of the driving pulley, as described in a Patent
granted to the said Erastus Brigham Bigelow the 1st day of May 1867,
and numbered 1269. For this purpose two arms which extend from a
tube which oscillates on a stud supported by the loom frame carry an
axis in a position parallel to the driving shaft, which axis carries a
friction pulley suitably placed to be acted on by the driving belt, as will
be presently explained. This axis also carries a gear which acts on an
intermediate gear which engages with a gear on the driving shaft when
the movement of the loom is reversed. The intermediate gear is required

page_text: to change the direction of motion given to the first-mentioned gear by
the belt and is supported by one of the arms which support the axis
which carries the friction pulley which is acted on by the driving belt,
so that all the parts of the reversing mechanism vibrate together. When
the tube before mentioned is turned on its stud in the direction towards
the driving shaft, the intermediate gear will engage with the gear on the
driving shaft and the friction pulley be pressed against the driving belt,
and so long as the friction pulley is pressed against the driving belt it
will turn the reversing mechanism, and when it is withdrawn from the
driving shaft so as to disengage the intermediate gear on the driving
shaft the reversing mechanism will cease to act and remain at rest until
it is again brought into action as before. Figure 9 represents a right-
hand end view of a loom frame with these improvements applied.
103 represents the driving belt which turns the driving pulley x' on the
driving shaft y. The break wheel is affixed to the driving shaft y" and
carries a cogged wheel a'. A tube 'oscillates on a stud c' and has
two arms d' and e' extending upwards from it which support a shaft f*.
This shaft carries a friction pulley g*, which when the motion of the loom
is being reversed presses against the driving belt w, and a gear wheel /*
which engages with an intermediate wheel i which revolves on a stud j*
extending from the arm d' before described. A front view of these parts
is a lever arm
to the shipping
is given in Figure 10 and a top view in Figure 12.
extending from the tube 6* which is connected by a rod
lever m which vibrates on a stud n'. To give a reversed motion to the
loom the weaver presses down the long arm of the shipping lever m*,
which raises the lever arm k and brings the intermediate gear i* into
action with the cogged wheel a' on the brake wheel, and also causes the
friction pulley g' to press against and receive motion from the driving
belt wo, as represented in Figure 9, and so long as the parts are held in
this position the reversing action continues, but when the weaver with-
draws his pressure on the shipping lever the weight of the apparatus
draws the friction pulley 9' away from the driving belt w³ and the
intermediate gear * out of connection with the cogged wheel a', and the
reversing action ceases, and the reversing apparatus remains in a state
of rest until it is again put in action as before.

page_text: The leaves of
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of constructing a
harness motion such as is described in a Patent granted to the said
Erastus Brigham Bigelow the 12th day of July 1867, and numbered
2058, and consists, first, in connecting the latch levers and balance
levers therein described by wires or rods instead of cords, as therein
described, which wires or rods pass from the latch levers up to the
balance levers in the same plane as that in which the vertical harness
levers with which the latch levers are connected vibrate. And this part
of the Invention also consists in deflecting the balance levers so that
their outer ends on which the pattern surface acts will occupy a narrower
space than that which their inner ends with which the rods or wires are
connected necessarily occupy in order to retain the rods or wires in the
plane of the vertical harness levers, as above described, the object of
contracting the outer ends of the balance levers being to contract the
width of the pattern surface in a corresponding degree. This and the
remaining parts of the Invention to be described are represented in
the Drawings by Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16.
heddles q are hung in the loom in the usual way, and the vertical
heddle levers which operate them are placed side by side in a vertical
position at a side of the loom, and vibrate towards and from the loom on
a central axis 8'. The upper bars of the leaves of heddles q' are connected
with the upper arms of the vertical heddle levers 7 by cords or chains t
guided by guide pulleys *, whilst their lower bars are connected by
cords or chains v passing around guide pulleys 10' to the lower arms
of the levers, so that when any one of the vertical heddle levers is
moved in one direction it will raise the leaf of heddles with which it is
connected, and when moved in the opposite direction it will depress it.
To operate the vertical heddle levers two horizontal vibratory bars
and y' are placed parallel to their axis near their lower ends (one on
either side of the series), which vibrate on axes perpendicular to the
cloth-forming line, and open and close like the blades of shears at cach
beat of the lay. When they are closed they press against the edges of
the vertical heddle levers and bring them all to a vertical position and
close the shed of the warps, and when opened they by means soon to be
explained engage with and draw some of them in one direction and some
in another, and form an open shed. By placing the axes of the
vibrating bars. x and y perpendicular to the cloth-forming line the
bars x and y when opened will form an angle corresponding to the
angle of the open shed of the warps, and by thus moving the several

page_text: lever of heddles varying distances according to their distance from the
cloth-forming line will make an even shed. To cause the horizontal
vibrating bars and y' to engage with the vertical heddle levers 7 to
form an open shed, horizontal latch levers as are jointed to the lower
ends of the vertical heddles 74 just above the horizontal vibrating bars,
which latch lovers are provided at both ends with depending latches or
hooks ³, so placed with respect to the horizontal vibrating bars as to
latch or hook on to one or the other of them when they are closed to
bring the vertical heddle levers into a vertical position, as above
explained, the axes of the latch levers being so placed that only one of
their latches or hooks can engage with their horizontal vibrating bars at
the same time, that is to say, when one end of the latch levers is
depressed so as to bring its latch or hook into contact with its horizontal
vibrating bar the latch or hook on its opposite end will clear the other
horizontal bar, and vice versa, and whether the latches or hooks which
raise the heddles or those which depress them are brought into action.
depends on the direction in which the latch levers are tilted. It will
thus be obvious that the leaves of heddles may be caused to rise or fall
in conformity with any desired pattern by merely raising or depressing
the ends of the latch levers, and the manner in which this is effected
I will now describe. A series of balance levers c³ corresponding in
number with the vertical heddle levers are placed in a horizontal
position on an axis d³ near the axis &* of the levers r, and parallel to it.
The inner ends of the balance levers are severally connected with the
outer ends of the latch levers a³ by connecting rods e³, the lower ends of
which are jointed to their respective latch levers a³, whilst their upper
ends ply in grooves formed in projections f³ on the sides of the vertical
heddle levers 7 and terminate in a hook so formed as to hook on to the
ends of the balance levers c³, as shown in Figure 16, which actuate them.
By means of this loose connection between the rods and the balance
levers the balance levers may be actuated by the pattern surface
to change their action whilst the horizontal latch levers a³ are engaged
with horizontal bars x and y', by which means I am enabled to give to
the pattern surface a continuous rotary motion, as will be herein-after
described. fare springs which act on the balance levers c³, and tend
constantly to depress their outer ends, so that when they are left
unsupported they will be depressed, and through the action of the con-
necting rods e raise the outer ends of the latch levers a³, and cause the
latches on their inner ends to engage with the horizontal vibrating

page_text: bar and raise the leaves of heddles with which they are connected;
but if the outer ends of the balance levers are raised the weight of the
rods will depress the outer ends of the latch levers and cause their
latches to engage with the horizontal vibrating bar and depress the
leaves of heddles. Instead of the spring f for depressing the balance
levers a weight formed on their outer ends, as represented in
Figure 16, may be substituted. Instead also of placing the horizontal
latch levers below the axis of the vertical heddle levers to which they
are jointed they may be placed above it. To determine which of the
balance levers c³ shall be raised and which depressed to cause their
respective leaves of heddles to rise or fall in conformity with any desired
pattern of cloth, a pattern surface carrying projections is employed,
which has imparted to it a continuous rotary movement, and is so
placed with respect to the outer ends of the balance levers c that when
any of the cam-like projections pass under them they will be raised,
whilst those over the parts of the pattern surface which have no cam-
like projections will remain at rest, and thus cause their leaves of
heddles to rise or fall accordingly. This pattern surface may be in the
form of a cylinder, as represented in the Drawings, or it may consist
of a pattern chain composed of chain links, pins, and rollers, carried
by a rotating axis or cylinder suitably formed to support it. The pattern
cylinder is marked 9, and is carried by an axis , which turns in a
long bearing on the stand j³, which is so arranged as to leave one end
of the cylinder free for the easy removal and replacing of a pattern
chain; are the cam-like projections on the pattern cylinder g³, which
act on similar projections 15 on the under side of the balance levers c³,
the projections 75 being so shaped that the projections will act upon
them when the cylinder g³ is turned in either direction. By this means,
taken in connection with the method of connecting the balance levers
with the latch levers, that is, the loose connection before explained, I am
enabled to give to the pattern surface a continuous rotary motion, and
also to reverse the motion of the loom to put it in any desired position
without changing its relation to the harness motion, for when the loom
is turned backwards the pattern surface turns backwards in unison
with it.

page_text: leaves of heddles and the levers which operate them, whereas by this
improved arrangement it need not be more than one-fourth part as wide.
Figure 12 exhibits a plan of the balance levers cand pattern surface
which acts on them, the balance levers being formed as therein indicated,
that is to say, their inner ends occupy a space equal or nearly equal to
the space occupied by the leaves of heddles, so that the connecting rods
which connect them with the latch levers may be in a line with the
vertical heddle lovers, whilst their outer arms are contracted to the space
corresponding to the reduced width of the pattern surface, the inner
arms of the series of balance levers on each side of the central balance
lever being bent towards the central one. From this description it will
be seen that the pattern surface may be reduced to any practicable limit
by contracting the arms of the balance levers on which it rests in a
corresponding degree. A continuous rotary motion is communicated to
the pattern surface cylinder g by the upright shaft m³ which receives
motion from the lay shaft y³ through the mitre gears 25. The upright
shaft m is supported by the bearing stands o³ and p³, and through the
mitre gears q imparts motion to the horizontal shaft, which carries a
worm which takes into the gear t on the axis and turns the
cylinder gs. The inner end of the horizontal shaft is supported by
the bearing stand o and its outer end by another stand w, the last-
mentioned stand being provided with a slot to allow the shaft to bo
raised to disengage the worm & from the gear to adjust the pattern
cylinder when required. The shaft is held in position by an elbow,
lever which may vibrate on, a stud 10, and when it is in the position
shown in the Drawings, the lower end of its vertical arm holds the shaft
in gear, but by turning it aside, which the weaver can easily do by
raising its horizontal arm, the shaft is free to be raised out of gear. The
upright shaft m also imparts the required vibratory motion to the
horizontal vibratory bar x and y' before mentioned. It carries on its
lower end a double crank whose crank pins are on opposite sides of the
shaft, one of the crank pins a plying in a curved slot in the end of tho
horizontal bar a', and the other pin y in a similar slot in the end of the
horizontal bar y', so that at each revolution of the shaft the horizontal
bars x and y' are caused to open and close as above described. Those
parts are clearly shown in Figure 15. The slots may be curved more or
less according to the time it is desired to have the shed of the warps
remain open for the passage of the shuttles. The horizontal bars x

page_text: and y' are faced with vulcanized india-rubber fitted into recesses
formed in their sides where they come against the vertical heddle
levers so as to ease the blow of the horizontal bars against the
levers, and the india-rubber also serves as a spring to prevent the
latches 6 escaping from the horizontal bars except at the time when the
india-rubber is compressed by the horizontal bars closing upon the vertical
heddle levers in their central position, at which time the latch levers c³
are shifted.
What I claim with respect to this part of the Invention, is connecting
the latch levers with the balance levers by rods or their equivalents
with a loose connection as described, and I also claim bending the
balance levers, so that the ends thereof on which the pattern surface
acts will occupy a lesser space than the ends connected with the latch
levers, whereby the pattern surface may be correspondingly reduced in
width.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of governing the
order of succession in which the shuttles are thrown, and may be
understood as follows:-Two picker levers are employed as is usual,
one on either side of the loom, which are connected at their forward
ends with the picker staffs and carry cam bowls at their rear ends
which are acted on by cams on the lay shaft to throw the shuttle.
They oscillate on studs projecting from the loom frame, and are also
capable of being slid endwise thereon to bring their cam bowls into
and out of the path of the cams which act on them according to
the order in which the shuttle are to be thrown. They are also
guided and supported by upright oscillating levers which are connected
together by a connecting rod, so that when the connecting rod is
moved in one direction it will push one of the picker levers into
position to be acted upon by its cam and the other picker lever
out of position to be so acted upon, and vice versa. This part
of the Invention consists in the arrangement and combination of
mechanism by which the picker levers are slid into and out of position
to be acted upon by their cams as just described, and also in a peculiar
application of the pattern surface which governs the action of this
mechanism. This part of the Invention is intended to be used in
connection with looms having a series of leaves of harnesses operated
by a corresponding series of levers governed by a pattern surface as

page_text: described in Patent of the 12th of July 1867, numbered 2058,
before referred to; and in order that it may be more readily under-
stood I shall refer in this Specification to some of the parts described
in the said Patent. To slide the picker levers out of position to
be acted upon by their cams as before explained a lever arms",
placed beside the series of vertical harness levers described in the
Patent just referred to, and vibrates on the same axis on which they
vibrate. This lever arm has jointed to its lower end a horizontal latch
lever, which is connected by a rod or wire with a loose connection
to a balance lever which vibrates on the axis on which the balance
levers of the vertical harness levers vibrate. This lever arm is operated
by the horizontal bars which operate the vertical harness levers, but
they move it whilst being closed to close the shed of the warps instead
of by their opening movement on account of the relative difference of
time in which the shed is formed and the shuttles are thrown. The
order in which the horizontal bars act on the lever arm to determine
the side of the loom from which the shuttle is to be thrown is governed
by a pattern surface, which is carried by the same cylinder or axis which
carries the pattern surface for governing the action of the leaves of
harnesses. The cylinder or axis which carries the pattern surfaces
receives from the loom a continuous rotary motion, and moves in unison
with it whether it is moved backwards or forwards, and by placing
the two pattern surfaces on one axis they may both be operated by
one arrangement of mechanism, and be adjusted to their proper
relations with the loom to restore a "lost pick" by one action. Two
picker levers are employed as is usual, one on either side of the loom,
which are marked a and vibrate on the studs 68; their forward ends
may be connected with the picker staff in the usual way, but as their
connections form no part of the Invention they are not represented;
their rear ends carry cam bowls c, which when the shuttles are thrown
are acted on by their respective cams d on the lay shaft y. Now as
the canis dare capable of acting on their cam bowls cat cach
revolution of the lay shaft y³ it will be seen that if the cam bowls c
remain continually in the path of the cams de the picker staffs at each
side of the loom will be actuated simultaneously. To avoid this and
to enable the picker levers to be moved in and out of position to be
acted upon by their cams, they are made capable of sliding endwise
on the studs 6, and are guided and supported by the upright oscillating
levers e, which are so connected together by the rod f that they move

page_text: in unison, so that when the rod f is moved in one direction it will
push one of the levers a into position to be acted upon by its cam,
and the other lever as out of position to be so acted upon, and vice
versa, the length of the rod f being so adjusted that only one of
he levers a can be acted upon at the same time. The rod f instead
moving the picker levers may be so applied as to slide the cam
bowls on their axes so as to bring them successively into action with
their cams. The mode of pushing the rod f to and fro to cause the
shuttles to be thrown from either side of the loom in the required
order I will now explain. A lever, which is marked g, is placed upon
the axis by the side of the vertical heddle levers before described,
and is connected with the rod fo by another rod ³. The lever g° also
carries at its lower end a latch lever , which is jointed to and connected
with a balance lever jo by the rod k with a loose connection in the same
manner as the latch levers as are connected with the balance levers co.
The latch lever has no depending latches or hooks such as the
latch levers a have, but the ends thereof engage with the projections
on the horizontal vibrating bars x and y' when brought into the required
position to do so. This form of the latch lever is required for the
reason that the horizontal vibrating bars x and y act upon it when
they are being closed, whereas they act on the latch levers a when
they are being opened, a variation made necessary by the fact that the
picker levers have to be moved at a different stage of the operation of
the loom from that in which the shed is formed. When the inner end of
the latch lever is depressed so as to bring it in contact with the
projection on the horizontal vibrating bar a the bar where it
closes will push the picker levers a' in the direction of the left-hand
end of the loom, and cause the left-hand picker lever to be acted
upon by its cam; then when the outer end of the latch lever is
depressed so as to bring it in contact with the projection on the
horizontal vibrating bar y', the bar y* when it closes will push the picker
levers a in the direction of the right-hand end of the loom, and cause
the right-hand picker lever to be acted upon by its cam, so that to
determine the side of the loom from which the shuttle shall be thrown it
is only necessary to raise or depress the ends of the latch lever i
accordingly. After the lever g is moved in one direction the inertia and
friction of the parts connected with it will retain it in position until it is
moved in the opposite direction, the lower end of the lever g' being so
arranged as to clear the horizontal vibrating bars a* and y. The order

page_text: in which the shuttles are to be thrown is governed by a pattern surface
carried by the cylinder g, which acts on the balance lever jo in the
same manner as the pattern surface before described acts on the balance
levers c³ through the pattern surface which governs the order in which
the shuttles are thrown is placed on the pattern cylinder in a position
to act on the balance lever j at an earlier stage of the operation of
the loom than the pattern surface which governs the action of the leaves
of heddles acts on the balance levers c³, on the account of the difference
in the relative time in which the shuttles and leaves of heddles are to
be actuated. By placing the pattern surface which governs the order
in which the shuttles are thrown on the same axis or cylinder which
carries the pattern surface which governs the action of the leaves of
heddles I am enabled to operate them both by one movement, and thus
to simplify the mechanism of the loom, and also to adjust them
together by one action whenever they require to be adjusted to restore
the "pick" after it has been lost by the failure of the filling or by
"picking out of bad cloth.
What I claim with respect to this part of the Invention is, the com-
bined arrangement of mechaniem herein described for governing the
order in which the shuttles are thrown, consisting of a lever placed at a
side of the series of heddle levers, and so connected with the picker levers
or cam bowls as to cause them to move in unison with it, a latch lever
acted on by the closing movement of the vibrating bars which actuate
the heddle levers, a balance lever which is connected by a loose con-
nection with the said latch lever, and a pattern surface which acts on
the balance levers; and I also claim for governing the order in which the
shuttles are thrown, the employment of a pattern surface on the samo
axis that carries the pattern surface which governs the rising and falling
of the leaves of heddles when the two pattern surfaces move together
by a continuous rotary motion of the said axis as described.
The next part of the Invention relates to a mode of governing the
action of the mechanism employed to shift the shuttle boxes, and may
be understood as follows:-Two balance levers are placed upon the same
axis which carries the balance lever of the mechanism which governs the
order in which the shuttles are thrown as herein-before described, and
the balance levers of the mechanism which operates the leaves of harness
as described in the Patent last referred to. The inner ends of these two
balance levers are connected by suitable means with the mechanism

page_text: which shifts the shuttle boxes, whilst their outer ends are acted upon by
a pattern surface in the same manner as the other balance levers just
alluded to are acted upon by their pattern surfaces. When their outer
ends are raised by the pattern surface which governs their action they
put the mechanism which shifts the shuttle boxes in action, and when
they are allowed to remain at rest no shifting movement of the shuttle
boxes takes place. These balance levers are so connected with the
mechanism which shifts the shuttle boxes that when their outer ends.
are raised they put the shifting mechanism in action, one of the balance
levers causing the shifting mechanism to move the shuttle boxes in one
direction and the other in the opposite direction. The balance levers
are raised to shift the shuttle boxes in the required order by a pattern
surface which is carried by the same axis or cylinder which carries the
pattern surfaces which govern the action of the harnesses and the
throwing of the shuttles, so that the then pattern surfaces are operated
by one arrangement of mechanism and move together in unison with
the loom whether it be moved forward or backward, and may all be
adjusted to their proper relation with the loom to restore a "lost pick " by
one action of the attendant. Though the three pattern surfaces are all
carried by one axis or cylinder I prefer to make the pattern chain which
governs the action of the leaves of heddles separate from the chains
which govern the order in which the shuttles are thrown and in which
the shuttle boxes are changed, though the two pattern chains last named
may be conveniently joined together as they act on their balance levers at
an carlier stage of the operation of the loom than that in which the
harness pattern chains acts. In connecting the latch levers with the
balance levers on which the three pattern chains act by a rod or wire as
before described it is important that the rod or wire be provided with a
loose connection so arranged as to allow the pattern chains to raise the
outer ends of the balance levers without moving the latch levers with
which they are connected, for it is by this means that the axis or cylinder
which carries the pattern chains is made capable of receiving from the
loom a continuous rotary motion. Connecting the latch levers with the
balance levers by a rod or wire having a loose connection, and combining
therewith continuously moving pattern surfaces as above described,
constitutes one part of the Invention.

page_text: loom, and carries at each of its ends an arm n°. The arms no extends
forwards, and are bent, as shown by dotted lines in Figure 12, so as to
bring their ends into a suitable position to be attached to the shuttle
boxes, which may be done by rods or chains in the usual way. The
shuttle boxes and the means by which they are connected with the arms
just described are not represented, as they form no part of the present
Invention. The shaft me carries another arm o", which is bent to clear
the stand ps, as shown in Figure 13, and carries a roller p' which rests on
a cam q. The cam q' turns on a stud 5, and has affixed to it two
ratchet wheels n with their teeth facing in opposite directions, and a
brake wheels on which the brake lever (acts to hold it in position. The
cam q is formed with rising and falling surfaces with concentric parts
at varying distances from its centre equal to the motion required to be
given to the arm of to shift the shuttle boxes. At each change of the
shuttle boxes the cam q' is turned in one or the other direction equal to
the space of a tooth of the ratchet wheels us, and remains at rest during
the time the shuttle box thus brought into action is to be employed and
until another change of boxes is required. The cam q' raises the shuttle
boxes and allows them to fall by their own gravity, the shuttle boxes
rising or falling according to the shape of the cam and the direction in
which it is turned.
The mode of governing the action of this mechanism, or any other
mechanism which may be employed to shift the shuttle boxes to
determine the order in which the shuttle boxes are to be brought into
use, is as follows:-A horizontal lever which is marked ve vibrates at its
forward end on a stud w, whilst to its rear end two depending bars x
are jointed, the lower ends of the depending bars being provided with
hooks suitably formed to engage with the teeth of the ratchet wheels u
before described. The horizontal lever has an arm y extending
downwards from it which rests on a cam on the lay shaft y³, which
cam is so shaped as to raise the lever during the part of the revolution
of the lay shaft in which it is required to change the shuttle boxes,
and to descend during the other part. As the lever o vibrates it carries
the depending bars x up and down with it. a' are lever arms which
oscillate on the stud 67, and are provided with recesses in which the
depending bars ply and by which they are guided, the weight of
the depending bars x causing them to rest against the bottom of the
recesses; care T-formed balance levers which oscillate on a stud d',

page_text: their rear horizontal arms being provided with counterbalance weights
which tend to depress them until they strike the stop pin e'. The
depending arms of the T-balance levers c' are connected to their
respective lever arms a' by connecting rods f", one being attached above
the axis band the other below it, in order that the counterbalance
weights just mentioned may tend to draw both of the bars a away from
their respective ratchet wheels 26, and so long as the rear ends of the
T-formed balance levers c' rest on the stop pin e' their counterbalance
weights hold the hooks of the bars 2 out of contact with their ratchet
wheels and they ascend without acting upon them, but when either
of the counterbalance weights are raised they turn the lever arms a so
as to allow the bar with which it is connected to move by its gravity
towards its ratchet no, and to engage with it when it ascends and turn it
the space of one tooth and change the shuttle boxes. The forward
arms of the T-formed balance levers c are respectively connected with
the inner arms of other horizontal balance levers g' which vibrate on
the stud d³ and have their outer arms formed with cam-like projections,
like the balance levers before described. From this description it will
be seen that when either of the outer arms of the horizontal balance
levers are raised it will cause the bar a, with which it is connected,
to engage with its ratchet wheel and change the shuttle boxes, but so
long as they remain unraised the bars will vibrate without producing
such change, so that to cause the shuttle boxes to be changed in the
order required it is only necessary to raise the outer arms of the balance
levers accordingly. This is effected by a pattern surface with cam-
like projections, which act on the projections on the balance levers g
in the same manner as the pattern surface which governs the action
of the leaves of heddles acts on the projections of the balance levers c.
The pattern surface which governs the shifting of the shuttle boxes is
carried by the same axis or cylinder g³ which also carries the pattern
surfaces which govern the order in which the shuttles are thrown, and
in which the leaves of heddles rise and fall, so that the three pattern
surfaces move together in unison, whether the loom is turned forwards
or backwards, and may all be adjusted by one action though the thrce
pattern surfaces are all carried by one axis or cylinder.
I prefer to make the pattern chain which governs the action of the
leaves of heddles separate from the chains which govern the order in
which the shuttles are thrown, and in which the shuttle boxes are
changed, but the two last-named may be conveniently joined together.

page_text: What I claim with respect to this part of the Invention is, the
combined arrangement of mechanism herein described for governing
the action of the mechanism which shifts the shuttle boxes consisting
of a pattern surface and two balance levers operating as described, and
the parts which connect the balance levers with and transmit the
governing action of the pattern surface to the mechanism which shifts
the shuttle boxes, as described.
And I claim for governing the action of the mechanism which shifts
the shuttle boxes, the employment of a pattern surface on the same axis
that carries the pattern surface which governs the rising and falling of
the leaves of heddles when the two pattern surfaces move together by a
continuous rotary motion of said axis, as described.
And I finally claim the employment of three pattern surfaces on one
axis, when one is employed to govern the rising and falling of the
leaves of heddles, another to govern the order of succession in which
the shuttles are thrown, and the other to govern the action of the
mechanism which shifts the shuttle boxes and when they move together
by a continuous rotary motion of said axes, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Eighteenth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.