MENTS IN PRODUCING BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY COPIES OF MAPS, CHARTS, PLANS, AND DRAWINGS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN PRODUCING BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY COPIES OF MAPS, CHARTS,
PLANS, AND DRAWINGS."-A communication from abroad by Arthur Guy
Morvan. of Paris. France.
Sealed the 5th September 1862, and dated, the 10th March 1862...
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th March 1862.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY COPIES OF MAPS,
CHARTS, PLANS, AND DRAWINGS," (communicated to me from abroad, by Arthur
Guy Morvan,, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:
This Invention is for the production, by the aid of photography, of copies of
charts, plans, and drawings of the same size as, and without destroying.or
injuring, the originals. The Invention is applicable to line drawings washed
or colored, or not, and the process consists,-
1st, in tracing the chart, drawing, or plan to be reproduced upon.trans-
parent drawing cloth or drawing paper, which will take shades and tints like.
ordinary paper.

page_text: 2nd, in taking a sheet of glass prepared upon one face with albumen or
collodion, or a sheet of negative photographic paper albumenized or waxed,
prepared with iodide of silver, or a sheet of negative paper known as
"salted."
3rd, in fitting up a frame of wood or metal with a glass fixed therein, the
dimensions of which depend upon those of the drawing to be reproduced
4th, in turning over the frame, and in applying the sheet of drawing in such
manner that the reverse side to that on which the drawing is made shall rest
upon the glass, in then placing upon the face of the drawing the sensitive
paper or glass, taking care that the sensitive face comes in contact with the
drawing, then in superposing a pad of paper, and bringing down upon it a
jointed wooden cover composed of strips or laths of wood hinged together;
upon the sides of the frame cross bars fitted with springs are held, and these
are brought down upon the cover for the purpose of ensuring contact between
the drawing, the sensitive paper or glass, and the glass of the frame. The
operations described in this last paragraph are performed in the dark
chamber.
5th, in passing with the frame into the light, and in leaving it exposed to
natural electric or artificial light sufficiently long to obtain a negative proof.
The duration of the exposure will depend upon the intensity of the light and
the quality of the chemicals employed.
6th, in submitting the negative obtained as before described to the opera-
tions usually followed in photographing, then when the proof is fixed and
finished in waxing it by the usual means as if done upon paper. The proo
being obtained, as.many copies can be taken as may be desired.
For the positive proof albumenized or "salted "and other papers used in
photography are employed. The positive may also be transferred directly to
stone or metal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office-
on the 10th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of March, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me.
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such.
others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman,my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING BY THE. AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY COPIES OF MAPS,
CHARTS PLANS, AND DRAWINGS," (communicated to ine from abroad by Arthur
Guy Morvan, of Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals.
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and.
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said, Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention is for the production, by the aid of photography, of copies of
charts, plans, and drawings of the same size as, and without destroying or
injuring the originals. The Invention is applicable to line drawings
washed or colored, or not, and to the reproduction of written or printed.
music, and this without a negative, which is required in all other methods
of working photographically. The Invention consists,-
First, in tracing on transparent drawing cloth the design, map, chart, plan,
drawing, and other impression or device to be reproduced. The cloth preferred
is Husson cloth, but any other description of transparent cloth capable of
receiving an equal tension on all sides in the frame used to pull the negative.
proof may be employed.
Second, in taking, a sheet of paper sufficiently strong that it will not be..
liable to be torn during the several manipulations, in albuminizing it, and.
preparing it with azotate of silver in the proportion of about one part by
weight to 5 parts by weight of water. This paper is substituted for ordinary
plates (clichés). It will be understood that plates are thus obtained much.

page_text: larger than glasses prepared with albumem or colledion could afford. For
the subsequent operations I have nothing to change from my Provisional
Specification. I will merely observe that it will be impossible to secure good
plates and proofs if they are not dried in the dark, and in a pretty high
temperature.
When many impressions are required, I modify the process in the following
manner: I take the design made upon transparent cloth or transparent paper,.
or even ordinary paper, then through the action of light transfer it to stone, as
will be hereafter described. I ink the stone, and the impressions are struck
off as from ordinary lithographic stones.
Preparation of the stone. -I prepare the stone in such manner that fatty,
bodies do not adhere to it, that is, those fatty bodies'generally used in litho.
graphy. The stone is coated in a dark chamber with a varnish, hereafter
described, composed of organic matters, and of chromate or bichromate of
potash or ammonia. When the stone has become dry in the dark chamber,
I-place the paper or positive plate upon it with the design in contact with the
stone, on this I place a sheet of glass to keep the design in contact with the
stone. I then expose the whole to the action of light, say from 1 to 15 minutes,
according to the intensity of the light. I return the stone to a dark chamber,
and-wash it with white wine or other liquid capable of attacking the soluble
parts of the varnish may be employed. All those parts of the varnish which
have been preserved from the light by the lines in the design are soluble, and
are removed by this first washing. I wash the stone with water to thoroughly
clean the spaces-produced in the varnish by the action of the white wine. The
washing with the white wine must be effected lightly, else the varnish will be
removed throughout, and the impression will not be good. After this opera-
tion the stone has the design on it, and the rest of its surface is covered with
varnish. The stone being perfectly dried, I pass over it soapy water, and
then dry it. I again wash with clear water, and ink the stone with the ink
hereafter mentioned, which only takes on that part not protected by the varnish.
I then remove the whole of the varnish, and I have the design in block on
the white-ground of the stone which is damped, inked with transfer ink,
and acidalated. The impression is left 24 hours. Stones prepared in this
manner are capable of yielding many impressions by the means employed in
lithography.
Composition of the varnish.-Different kinds of varnishes may be used.
I describe here that which has been found to give the best results. Dissolve
2.parts by weight of bichromate of ammonia in 3 parts by weight of distilled

page_text: VBh ne.
water, allow it to rest 24 hours, then add to the mixture in the dark chamber
2 parts by weight of white of egg. Beat and mix the whole together, and
allow it to settle 24 hours, it is then ready for immediate use, though it is
better to allow it to rest some days in the dark in order to acquire strength.
The several operations are as follows:-I prepare the stone by pouring on
it acid, white wine, or phosphoric acid well diluted in water, say 3 parts
of acid to 500 of water by weight. The stone being washed in water and
dried, I coat it with varnish in the dark chamber, and allow it to dry, it is
placed on an inclined table with castors, and rolled to the light; if the pattern
or design is on cloth, a minute and a half to two minutes exposure to the
sun is sufficient. The stone is returned to the dark chamber, washed with
white wine, and afterwards with water; it is allowed to dry, and then
washed with soapy water, the stone is allowed to rest, is again washed, and
then dried in a stove or otherwise. Next with a piece of flannel I apply ink
composed as follows:-Transfer ink ground up with a small quantity of litho-
graphic crayon; the stone being inked, I allow it to rest 24 hours, and after-
wards I wash it with essence of turpentine; again ink it with a flannel dipped
in transfer ink and phosphoric acid, 3 parts of the latter being diluted in
50 parts of water. By degrees the design comes out black on a grey ground;
I remove the grey with phosphoric acid, I damp the stone, and ink it, and
when well inked, I acidalate it with gum; at the expiration of 10 minutes as
many impressions may be drawn from the stone as required.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as the improve-
ments in producing by the aid of photography copies of maps, charts, plans,
and drawings.
First, the method herein.before described of obtaining by the action of light
and without the aid of a negative, a positive plate (cliché) on cloth, paper, or
glass.
Second, the production of designs upon paper by means of such positive
plates.
Third, transferring to stone designs from such plates by placing them in
contact with the stone, which will thus bear negative impressions, and will
themselves give off positive impressions.
Fourth, the employment for transferring impressions to stone of a varnish,
which under the action of light becomes sufficiently insoluble to resist a first
washing, while those parts which have been preserved from the action of the

page_text: light by the lines of the drawing on the plate (cliché) are removed by this
washing, and the stone is left clear and exposed at those parts to receive the
transfer ink as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of September One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-two.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)