Apparatus for Automatically Regulating the Heating and Ventilation of Railway Carriages and Buildings.
Year: 1899

page_text: Apparatus for Automatically Regulating the Heating and Ventilation
of Railway Carriages and Buildings.
I, DUGALD DRUMMOND, of South Bank Lodge, Surbiton, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for its object the provision of improved means for auto-
matically regulating the heating and ventilation of railway carriages and build-
ings, esecially in cases in which the heating is effected by steam or hot water
through piping, and the ventilation is controlled by the opening
or c. of louvres or movable gratings.
or a.
1
The proved apparatus comprises an annular vessel or casing preferably of
cylind form carried upon a horizontal axis and which is formed with a
pocket or chamber at its lower end. This pocket or chamber is connected by
an inclined tube with a box or receiver carried by a stay rod from the annular
casing, and through the receiver and tube the annular vessel is filled with
spirits or other highly expansible liquid and the pocket or chamber at its lower
end is charged with mercury. On the side opposite to the box the annular
casing has projecting from it a lever arm on which is fitted an adjustable counter-
balance weight; and to the end of this lever arm is jointed a rod connected at
its opposite end directly or indirectly to the ventilator or valve to be operated.
In the operation of the apparatus when the temperature rises the spirits and
mercury are expanded and the latter is forced by the expansion of the spirits
from the pocket or chamber up the inclined tube to the box which being thus
loaded to overcome the counter-balance weight tilts the annular casing upon its
axis so that the lever arm attached to the ventilator or valve acts on the latter
and opens the louvres or gratings to provide better ventilation, or closes off the
steam, hot water or air supply as the case may be, or otherwise controls the
heating and ventilation of the room, carriage or compartment in which the
apparatus is fitted.
In railway carriages heated by steam piping or by such pipes jacketed or
encased in pipes or vessels containing water or other liquid such as a solution of
acetate of soda, and wherein the steam for the heating apparatus in the individual
compartments is supplied through branches from a main steam pipe, the branches
may each be fitted with a hollow piston or other valve operated by levers from
the lever arm of the annular casing so that the valve opens or closes more or
less the branches or connections to the heating apparatus to counteract any
variation of temperature without interfering with the passage of the steam
through the main pipe. The lever arm may also be so connected to operate
the louvres or ventilators of the compartment that in case of overheating fresh
air may be admitted to a greater or less extent. The arrangements described

page_text: may however be used for regulating temperature only or for effecting ventilation
when no mechanical heating devices are employed.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1899.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents, 62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agent for the Applicant,
Apparatus for Automatically Regulating the Heating and Ventilation
of Railway Carriages and Buildings.
I, DUGALD DRUMMOND, of South Bank Lodge, Surbiton, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
This invention has for its object the provision of improved means for auto-
matically regulating the heating and ventilation of railway carriages and build-
ings, especially in cases in which the heating is effected by steam or hot water
or air carried through piping, and the ventilation is controlled by the opening
or closing of louvres or movable gratings.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawing, which shows in
elevation the apparatus for regulating the heating and ventilation of railway
carriages and buildings.
The improved apparatus comprises an annular vessel or casing A preferably
of cylindrical form carried upon a horizontal axis B in a bracket B', and which
casing is formed with a pocket or chamber A¹ at its lower end. This pocket or
chamber A is connected by an inclined tube C with a box or receiver D carried
by a stay rod E from the annular casing A, and through the receiver D and
tube C the annular vessel A is filled with spirits or other highly expansible
liquid and the pocket or chamber A¹ at its lower end is charged with mercury.
On the side opposite to the box D the annular casing A has projecting from it
a lever arm Fon which is fitted an adjustable counter-balance weight G; and
to the end of this lever arm F is jointed a rod H connected at its opposite
end directly or indirectly to the ventilator or valve to be operated.
In the operation of the apparatus when the temperature rises the spirits and
mercury are expanded and the latter is forced by the expansion of the spirits
from the pocket or chamber A¹ up the inclined tube C to the box D which being
thus loaded to overcome the counterbalance weight G tilts the annular casing A
upon its axis B so that the lever arm F attached to the ventilator or valve acts
on the latter and opens the louvres or gratings to provide better ventilation,
or closes off the steam, hot water or air supply as the case may be, or otherwise
controls the heating and ventilation of the room, carriage or compartment in
which the apparatus is fitted.
In railway carriages heated by steam piping or by such pipes jacketed or
encased in pipes or vessels containing water or other liquid such as a solution of
acetate of soda, and wherein the steam for the heating apparatus in the individual
compartments is supplied through branches from a main steam pipe, the branches
may each be fitted with a hollow piston or other valve operated by levers from
the lever arm F of the annular casing A so that the valve opens or closes more or

page_text: less the branches or connections to the heating apparatus to counteract any
variation of temperature without interfering with the passage of the steam
through the main pipe. The lever arm F may also be so connected to operate
the louvres or ventilators of the compartment that in case of overheating fresh
air may be admitted to a greater or less extent. The arrangements described
may however be used for regulating temperature only or for effecting ventilation
when no mechanical heating devices are employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-
.!
Apparatus for automatically regulating the heating or ventilation of railway
carriages and buildings, the parts of which apparatus are constructed, combined
and arranged to operate, substantially as described.
Datel
1411 1
.
1000
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents, 62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agent for the Applicant.