IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING MATERIALS OR OILS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Patrick Moir Crane and George Moir, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING MATERIALS OR OILS."
Scaled the 24th December 1878, and dated the 10th July 1878.
1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Patrick Moir Crane and
George Moir at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July
-1878.
PATRICK MOIR CRANE and GEORGE MOIR, both of Manchester, in the County of.
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING MATERIALS
OR OILS."
Heretofore in the preparation of lubricating material or oil from petroleum
residuum it has been the custom (after distillation) to separate by pressing or other
means, either with or without the application of artificial cold, the solid paraffin
from the same, and to accomplish this great expense has been incurred.
Now we find that by taking the hydrocarbon distillate and retaining the paraffin,
an article possessing much greater lubricating power than heretofore is obtained.
This can be used for the purposes of lubrication either unrefined or after treat-
ment with sulphuric acid and alkali in the usual manner.
To carry our Invention into effect we proceed in the following manner :—\
-We
distil by fractional distillation with fire heat and steam, either ordinary or super-
heated, the raw material consisting of petroleum residuum separating the light oils,
which are liquid and contain little paraffin, and retaining the heavy portion, which
is solid or semi-solid at ordinary temperatures.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Patrick Moir Crane and George Moir in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th January 1879.
PATRICK MOIR CRANE and GEORGE MOIR, both of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING MATERIALS
OR OILS.".
$6
Heretofore in the preparation of lubricating material or oil from the heavy
petroleum residuum it has been held necessary and is customary after the distilla-
tion to remove the solid paraffin wax contained in the said distillate by pressure in
specially designed filtering presses or by other means, and with or without the
application of artificial cold. This process and the apparatus therefor are
expensive.
The object of this Invention is to cheapen and expedite the manufacture of
lubricating oils from the heavy petroleum residuum, and to produce a cheaper and
better material, all as herein-after described.
For this purpose we proceed in the following manner:-We distil by fractional
distillation with fire heat or ordinary or superheated steam the raw material or
petroleum residuum, thereby separating or dividing it into several different materials
as they come over from the still in thin oil comes first, then a heavy lubricating oil
containing little paraffin, and we retain the last produce or heavy lubricating oil,
containing a great proportion of paraffin wax, This latter material, viz., the lubri-
cating oil containing the paraffin wax, is solid or semi-solid at ordinary temperatures,
and is according to our Invention utilized as a lubricant or lubricating material.
This distillate we do not treat for the purpose of separating the paraffin wax there-
from, but merely refine it if required by treatment with sulphuric acid and alkali,
but the distillate will be found fit for use without refining.
We find that the lubricant produced as described and containing a comparatively
large proportion of paraffin wax is an article possessing much greater lubricating
power than lubricants heretofore produced from the heavy residual petroleum lubri-
cants, and has also the advantage of smaller cost of manufacture and plant.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is or may be performed, we declare that we claim, the preparation of
improved lubricating material or oil prepared solely from petroleum residuum, sub-
stantially in mariner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Patrick Moir Crane, for myself and on behalf
of the said George Moir, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth
day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-nine
CHAS. LEIGH CLARE,
Justice of the Peace for County of Lancaster.
P. MOIR CRANE. (L.S.)