Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 17th June, 1886.
Complete Left, 7th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 27th May, 1887.
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Two of its principal parts are here described: the printing axle is in two parts,
one carrying a ratchet and fly-wheel constantly revolving at high speed. The other
part carrying two cams, one acting on the paper frame lever, the other on the paper
moving lever. The first part is intermittently joined to the second by means of a
click fixed to the second part of axle and resting on an inclined plane above the
ratchet.
The second part:
"
Two wheels revolve at the same speed, one is a type-wheel, the other મી "chariot
revolves over a disc with holes along its circumference. Pins are resting in the holes
(level to the disc) on levers which at the other ends carry keys forming a key-board.
Part of the chariot moves up and down on pivots. The pins (equal in number to
types on type-wheel) when raised lift up the chariot, which in its turn, by means of
levers and connecting rod lowers the stop preventing the click from sliding down
the inclined plane thus joining both parts of the printing axle-and causing the paper
to be jerked against the type wheel and print the letter corresponding to the pin
raised.

page_text: ERNEST KESSELS 17 Liverpool Street, King's Cross London W.C. Telegraph clerk
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for A WRITING MACHINE and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The paper is held on a long and thin cylinder, (A fig. 14.) forming part of a rocking-
frame (B). In order to print a letter the cylinder is jerked against a revolving type-
wheel (C), having types in relief on its periphery, at the moment the letter required is
facing the paper.
The rocking motion is obtained by a cam (K) actuating the rocking-frame
lever (g B).
The part carrying different cams is called the printing axle (D), which is in two
parts; one, carrying a ratchet-wheel (e) and a flywheel (F), revolves at a high speed
―the other, carrying a click (G), resting (just above the ratchet-wheel) on an inclined
plane, (b) is held in that position by a detent-lever (S). When the detent-lever is
lowered, the click (pressed by a spring) (a) and along with it the cams's axle D
gets, immediately joined to the revolving ratchet-wheel and makes with it a complete
revolution. It gets disconnected of the same ratchet-wheel as it meets another
inclined-plane. It is then stopped by the detent-lever. (Both inclines forming like
a roof, one up the other down.)
The "Chariot" (fig. 1 and 3) which lowers the detent-lever S at the precise
moment to print the letter required, has two distinct parts; one fixed the other
moveable. It is kept revolving at the same speed as the type-wheel over a disc with
holes along its circumference (the holes and types on type-wheel are equal in number).
Pins, level to the disc, are resting in the holes on key-levers, which at their further
ends hold keys forming like a piano key-board (fig. 14).
One end of the moveable part of the "Chariot (SQ fig. 1 and 3) revolves over
the pins, its other end (U) rests on the lower rim (V), of a ring or tube sliding up
and down round the axle Y of the revolving "Chariot."
A lever, V. V. connected with the detent has also one end resting under the upper
rim of the ring. The pins are held down by means of small springs level to the disc,
but when, one by means of its key-lever is raised, the moveable part of the "Chariot,"
passing over them, is pivotted, thus by means of the ring, lever, connecting rod and
detent-lever the printing axle is set revolving and prints the letter corresponding to
the pin raised above the disc.
All levers etc., return them to their previous position, by means of springs, directly
the "Chariot "has passed over the pin raised. Here is a detailed description of every
part: The key-board (fig. 14, 1 and 2) has 28 keys-26 are letters or signs and two
are blanks. These two last correspond to blank spaces on the type wheel. The keys
are pivotted at A (fig. 1), they carry a screw B underneath, in the slit of which one
end of their respective key-lever D is held. Their other end coming under the pins
or "gudgeons" E at d. All key-levers converge to the bottom circumference Ġ of
the "gudgeons's box" B B out of which all gudgeons project, (fig. 2 and 1).
The "
gudgeons's box" B B has a cylindrical shape. The top F and bottom

page_text: plate G are both cut with holes along their circumference. The gudgeons rest inside
the box in the holes. These are level to top the plate F, but projecting out of the lower
one, when at rest.
A spring M maintains them on the key-levers D (fig. 1 and 2).
The gudgeons have the shape shown at E (fig. 1), the shoulder H is to stop their
motion downwards. The angle I is to direct their motion to the left (see arrow b. b.
fig. 3) when sliding along the inclined plane J of the upper disc F. The projection
() is to keep them locked while the "Chariot" maintains them to the left of the
disc F.
The Chariot (fig. 1 and 3) has two parts; one fixed and the other moveable. The
first having the shape shown at O is a plate fixed to the axle Y revolving in the centre
of the disc F in the direction indicated by the arrow b¹ (fig. 3). The projecting
plane P is fixed to the plate O. It covers half-way the gudgeons. When a gudgeon
is raised after the inclined plane A B, of the plate P, partly covers it, its motion
upwards is stopped. But if the gudgeon is raised before the projecting plane P has
reached so far, the incline A B will drive the gudgeon towards the left of the disc.
The curve BC will maintain it so till it reaches the incline CD which will project it
further out still. The spring M will then replace the gudgeon and key-lever in place.
While the curve B C of the projecting plane P is maintaining the gudgeon N raised,
the plane S (fig. 3) passing over it, is being raised. The plane S is part of the
moveable part of the Chariot pivotted at R R¹. Its other branch U resting on
the lower rim V of the ring X (fig. 1 and 3).
The ring or tube X has two flat rims V and W. It slides easily up and down
round the axle Y.
The bevel wheel Z connects the Chariot with the type wheel axle.
The type wheel axle B (fig. 19) carries 3 wheels, a pinion and a round plate, called
the inversion plate. It revolves in the direction indicated by the arrow on the
bevel wheel e (fig. 1 and 19) which is connected with the bevel wheel Z of the Chariot.
The wheel connects, by means of two intermediate wheels, the type wheel axle
with the printing axle (fig. 19—14—1 and 5).
Pinion F connects the type wheel axle with the motor, which may be either a
spring motor or a treadle similar to a sewing machine's.
The inversion plate D is fixed to the axle B. The type wheel C is not fixed to the
axle B, but is fixed to a tube N (fig. 19) fitting exactly round the axle B, which other
end has two perpendicular pins L and M. representing a lever having B as an axis.
The point of the pin M. (fig. 4) rests in the notch Por Q of a W piece O, fixed on
the inversion plate D on a small axis R. and pressed by a spring S against the pin M.
The pin M is moved from P to Q by means of the opposite pin L which is pressed
at Vor U by the inversion lever H pivotted at K on the plate D. The type wheel C
is moved on its axle, along with the pin M, the space of an angle equal to a 56th of
its circumf. which is equal to the space P Q. The type-wheel has with the two
blank spaces 56 signs and letters placed alternatively on its periphery, thus A 1, B 2,
C3, D4 etc. When the pin M is held at P all the letters on the type-wheel are
facing the paper. When the pin M is moved to Q, all figures and signs are facing
the paper, so that although there are 28 keys only, each key commands two signs; :
the inversion is obtained this way:
"
The inversion plate D has 28 points on its periphery, corresponding to the 28
gudgeons." At every revolution of the printing axle D (fig. 5ª and 4) a cam J
shifts the inversion slide X on one of the 28 points of the plate D. The inversion
lever H has two projecting parts I and J covering 2 of the 28 points on the plate D.
These two points correspond to two blank keys on the key-board, so that figures
or letters can be printed alternatively, according to the inversion slide X pressing
either at I or at J on the inversion lever H.
The axle B is supported in front of the type-wheel (I fig. 14).
The ink-roller L' which is pressed on the type-wheel, by means of a spiral spring,
is fixed on the support.
The printing axle D C (fig. 5) revolves 7 times faster than the type-wheel axle,
in a line parallel to it. The printing axle is in two parts. Part C revolving at a

page_text: high speed, is supported at E and N. (fig. 5 and 14) one of the frame's plates in
which all the axles are pivotted (M and N on fig. 14). . Part C carries a ratchet
wheel G revolving in the direction shown (by the arrow) in (fig. 5); a pinion H
and a fly wheel I.
The pinion H connects, by means of two intermediate wheels, the printing axle
with the type wheel axle (fig. 5 and 14). The fly wheel I (fig. 5) is to overcome
the resistance met by the cams when at work.
The part D (fig. 5) of the printing axle carries 4 cams and a plate M having two
arms N and O (fig. 5, 5, 5). The axle D lays in the same line with the axle C).
This last axle has a pin P (fig. 5") fitting exactly in the socket Q of the axle D.
The axle D is supported in the front frame's plate M and at its end d (fig. 14).
The inversion cam J (fig. 5a) actuates the inversion slide X (fig. 4) at every
revolution of the axle D. A spring holds the slide pressed against the printing
axle within the revolving field of the.cam J.
The cami K, called the impression cam actuates the paper frame lever, also called
the printing lever (fig. 9).
The cam L called the paper moving cam (fig. 7) acts on the paper moving lever.
The cam M. called the paper shifting cam, acts on a lever, which is to actuate, by
means of a chain, the locking axle F (fig. 11).
The plate M is fixed at the end of the axle D close to the ratchet wheel G. It
has two armis 0 and N. The arm carries a stop or pecker R resting on tho
curve of the detent lever S pivotted at T (fig. 5 and 5). The same arm 0
carries at the back, the side facing the ratchet wheel G, a click W (fig. 5, 5", 5")
it is on a small axis X, screwed in the arm 0.
The click has a pecker Y resting on the left, inclined-plane B (fig. 5ª and 5º).
The inclined plane B is fixed at the back of the ratchet-wheel on the support E.
This click is pressed (in the direction of the ratchet wheel G placed at a close distance
below it) by means of a steel spring A fixed on the arm N of the plate M. As
long as the detent lever S holds the pecker R in place, the click, and with it
the plate M and the whole axle D, remains at rest, but as soon as the detent lever S
is lowered, the click pressed by its spring A, and also helped by the pressure of the
paper-moving lever P (fig. 7) on the cam L, slips down the left inclined plane and
gets at once connected with the ratchet wheel G (fig. 5"), with which it revolves
until the pecker Y, of the click W, meets the right inclined plane.
The click gets then disconnected from the ratchet wheel G and its impulse causes it
to ascend the incline and to surmount its summit. At that moment the further motion
of the plate Mis stopped by the detent lever having returned within the revolving
field of the pecker R. The click remains thus stopped on the top of the left incline
ready to be connected afresh as soon as the detent-lever is lowered.
The "chariot" actuates the detent-lever S (fig. 5) by means of a long lever V V
pivotted at M, which has one end under the rim W of the ring X round the
"chariot's" axle (fig. 1) and the other end under the connecting rod U held under
the detent S (fig. 5). The power end of the detent lever is held down by means of
a spring.
The paper frame (fig. 6) has a rectangular shape, A B C D H G forms the outer
frame (Hbeing in the middle). It is pivotted on a long axle E supported at F F¹.
The axle E goes thro' the middle tube firmly held in the frame A B C.
D is the roller or cylinder holding the paper, it revolves round the rod I. The
roller D carries a ratchet wheel J at one end. In the middle, where the printing
occurs, the cylinder D has a ring of gutta percha F (fig. 8) in order to soften the
shock of the frame against the type-wheel. On both sides of the gutta-percha ring
are two small acute toothed rings A B, C D (fig. 8) level to the cylinder D's surface.
Pressed over the acute toothed rings is the paper-holder. It has the shape of a fork,
the two prongs M L (fig. 6) are in ivory, their concave faces (fig. 8) are pressed on
the cylinder D by means of a spiral spring O fixed round the fork's pivot. The
lever KR, pivotted at N on the supports QQ fixed to the central tube H represents
the handle of the fork RK ML.

page_text: The type-whoel C revolves at a small distanco above the ring F hetween the two
ivory prongs ML. G (fig. 6) is the printing lever screwed on the frame A B C. It is
actuated by incans of the printing cam K (fig. 5). The shape J. I. L. M of the
lever G is shown in fig. 9. At rest the cam K has its beak turned upwards. When
the cam K has mado nearly half a revolution it meets the curve J I and drives, the
lover G-A downwards. At half revolution, both beaks, the cam's and the lever's G
meet. The roller D (fig. 6) fixed at the opposite end of the lever G A has reached its
maximum elevation at this moment, and has touched the type wheel at F, (fig. 8)
where a letter gets printed. As soon as the cam has moved further the lever G
pressed up by a spring is allowed to rise. The plane surface L of lever G and O of
the cam's, offering no obstruction. The cam K resumes then its position of rest.
The paper moving lever P (fig. 7) is pressed on the cam L by means of a spring.
The lever I carries at its opposit end a click A held at Q and pressed by a spiral
spring against the ratchet wheel J of the cylinder D (fig. 6).
Every time the cam L revolves, the click A presses one of the ratchets downwards,
thereby causing the cylinder D to revolve the space of one letter. The acute teeth of
the rings A B C D (fig. S) penetrate the paper without, leaving any marks. As the
cylinder D revolves, the paper pressed by the smooth ivory prongs L M (fig. 6) is
drawn along with it.
2
The paper is held on rollers D E F sliding along the wires G H I held on arms
fixed to the outer frame A B C (fig. 6). The paper fits exactly on the rollers DEF
within small discs J K, L M, NO, fixed at the ends of each roller. These three
rollers connected together by the piece POE constitute the inner frame. One end
of the paper overlaps the other and is clipped in that position by two small clips. It
represents a roller without end and moves forward to the left on the inner-frame until
a line is completed. The keys get then locked for an imperceptible moment, while tho
paper is further (automatically) moved, in order to obtain a margin. The 3
rollers DEF which are joined together and held in place by means of a rack, are
then moved along the wires, the space of a line. The paper being then in readiness
for the next line to be printed on, the keys get unlocked.
The locking of the keys, the margin, and the shifting of the paper for a next line is
obtained by one revolution of the axle F (fig. 11).
The axle F carries a wheel B, having a small segment L M off, which gets
intermittently connected with the wheel A fixed on the axle carrying one of the
intermediate wheels, 'connecting the type wheel axle with the printing axle. Wheel A
revolves in the direction shown by the arrow. When the axle F is at rest, the
segment faces the wheel A, which is then disconnected of the wheel B. The axle F
carries further a snail C, a cam I, a fork R and a quadrant J. The wheel B is held
disconnected of the wheel A by means of the locking-lever N which is pressed in the
notch N (on snail C) by means of the spring Q (fig. 11). The cam I actuates the
ratchet B and cog-wheel A (fig. 12) by means of the levers G and D. The fork R is
to be acted on in order to move the axle F in the direction indicated by the arrow on
snail C.
The quadrant J revolves within the field of the ratchet wheel J on the cylinder D
(fig. 6) and moves it along, thus moving the paper forward to the left.
The cog wheel A (fig. 12) together with the ratchet wheel B is fixed on the axle C).
The cog wheel A acts on the toothed rack N which it moves along in the direction of
the arrow O. The lever D is pivotted at C, it carries a spring E fixed at F and acting
as a pawl on the ratchet-wheel B (fig. 12). When the lever D is lifted by the end G
the spring E moves the ratchet-wheel with it, the cog-wheel A, the rack N and
ultimately the inner frame holding the paper, by means of the arm L. A chain,
passing on pulleys, is fastened at the end of the lever R (fig. 6 and 10) which is part
of the paper-holder pressing the paper on the cylinder D (fig. 6). It has its opposit
end fastened to the weight end of the lever D (fig. 12). The weight end being longer
acts on the chain M sooner than the power end on the ratchet wheel B, thereby lifting
the paper holder K (fig. 6) off the paper first, and then allowing the same to slide

page_text: along the cylinder D together with the inner-frame, the connecting arm Land tho
rack N (fig. 12).
In order to move the paper to a next line, independently of the automatic movement,
a long lever 1 (fig. 12) pivotted at J acts also on the lever D). It has its power end
terminated by a finger knob K and is held up by a spring. .
The paper shifting cam M (fig. 13) is one of the four cams on the printing axle DC
(fig. 5), its shape is excentrical. It acts on a lever B held pressed on the cam M, its
other end is fixed on an axis at E. The lever B carries an arm H on which is fixed a
single toothed click pressed by a spiral spring on a ratchet-wheel G.
On the ratchet-wheel's axle is also fixed a wheel D. A chain without end is
engaged on the teeth of the wheel D. Every time the cam's axle revolves the
click K moves the ratchet wheel G, the wheel D and with it the chain L the space of
one link. The wheel D is held tight in that position.
Supposing a line on the paper holds 100 letters (blanks included) which indicates
that the cam's axle D has revolved a 100 times. The chain LLL has correspondingly
a 100 links. It is guided by the pulleys Q R S P and passes between the two prongs
of the fork R (fig. 11).
The hundredth link's pin M projects on both sides of the chain. When the cam's
axle has revolved 99 times the pin M (fig. 11) has been moved on against the fork R.
The 100th revolution of the cam's axle causes the pin M to draw along with it the
fork R, thereby moving the axle F and with it the cog-wheel B. As soon as the
wheel B is moved, the wheel A with which it gets connected forces it to make nearly
a complete revolution. The locking lever N is pressed on the snail's periphery (C)
(fig. 11). When the wheel Bas moved round to its last cog M the lever N has just
got over the angle E of the snail C. The spring Q presses then the lever N down the
inclined plane E H, thus forcing the snail C to complete its revolution. This further
motion of the snail has brought the wheel B's segment again facing the wheel A of
which it has now got entirely disconnected.
The pin M has now got on the other side of the fork R and is allowed to move along
till it meets the fork again. As the snail C, while revolving, has pressed one end of
the locking-lever down, its opposit end carrying a cross piece P has been lifted up, the
cross piece being pressed up against the key-levers, underneath the key board,
prevents those from being depressed while the paper is being shifted.
When the toothed rack has reached its maximum up motion, it buits against one
end of a small lever which other end acts as a brake on the fly-wheel, thus stopping
the machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is,
namely:
1. The revolving "chariot" with the sliding tube.
2. The "gudgeon's" box with any number of gudgeons.
3. The printing-axle with its ratchet-wheel, click, inclined-plane and the cam's axle.
4. The type-wheel with its inversion levers.
5. The rocking-frame with its revolving cylinder, the sliding rollers carrying the
paper, and the paper holder.
6. The paper shifting chain and the locking axle carrying the snail, cam fork and
quadrant.
I claim also the improvements which may be brought thereto.