IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS. SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Ashworth and
Samuel Stott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th January 1855.
We, ROBERT ASHWORTH, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, En-
gineer, and SAMUEL STOTT, also of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS.
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in constructing a compound spindle and tube
or collar, that is to say, we have a tube or collar free to revolve in suitable
bearings, to which is secured the flyer. Through the tube or collar and collar
of the flyer we pass a spindle or rod, on the upper part of which we fix a
circular plate for carrying the bobbin. Spindles thus made will be steady
when running at high velocities, whereby a greater quantity and better yarns

page_text: will be produced than by means of spindles of the ordinary construction. The
circular plate which carries the bobbin is for the purpose of regulating the
speed of the bobbin, by acting as a drag, and allowing the bobbin to run at
a speed equal to the length of yarn to be wound on the bobbin. When the
bobbin becomes full, we propose to draw the spindle or rod down through
the tube or collar to the extent of the length of the bobbin, so that the full
bobbin may fall off, to be replaced by an empty one.
We also propose to
cause the tube or collar, to which the flyer is secured, to revolve in suitable
bearings without a spindle or rod passing through, in combination with a bobbin
or tube free to revolve upon another tube, or in suitable bearings.
And our Invention consists, secondly, in pressing together rollers which are
used for drawing or pressing fibrous substances by an elastic substance in such
manner as not to exert any force or weight on the bearings of the bottom
roller.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Ashworth and Samuel Stott in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th July 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
ASHWORTH, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and SAMUEL
STOTT, also of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Robert
Ashworth and Samuel Stott, Her special licence that we, the said Robert Ash-
worth and Samuel Stott, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Robert Ashworth and Samuel Stott, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use,. exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING,
SPINNING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Robert Ashworth and Samuel Stott, or one of us,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand

page_text: and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Ashworth and Samuel Stott,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed (that is to say):-
:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in constructing a compound spindle and tube
or collar, that is to say, we have a tube or collar free to revolve in suitable
bearings, to which is secured the flyer. Through the tube or collar and collar
of the flyer we pass a spindle or rod, on the upper part of which we fix a
circular plate for carrying the bobbin. Tubes or collars thus made will be
steady when running at high velocities, whereby a greater quantity and better
yarns will be produced than by means of spindles of the ordinary construction.
The circular plate which carries the bobbin is for the purpose of regulating the
speed of the bobbin, by acting as a drag, and allowing the bobbin to run at a
speed equal to the length of yarn to be wound on the bobbin. When the
bobbin becomes full, the spindle or rod is drawn down through the tube or
collar to the extent of the length of the bobbin (or nearly so), so that the full
bobbin may fall off, to be replaced by an empty one. We also cause the tube
or collar, to which the flyer is secured, to revolve in suitable bearings without a
spindle or rod passing through, in combination with a bobbin or tube free to
revolve upon another tube, or in suitable bearings.
And our Invention consists, secondly, in pressing together rollers which are
used for drawing or pressing fibrous substances by an elastic substance in such
manner as not to exert any force or weight on the bearings of the bottom
roller.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed we have shewn the manner in which
we carry the two several heads of our Invention into effect, together with
certain modifications in the construction and arrangement of the flyers and
their tubes.
Figure 1 represents a front elevation of the two end portions of a spinning
frame, in which both of our improvements are embodied. Figure 2 is a cross
section of one-half of the machine; and Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are full-
sized views of the various parts, and their modifications, which constitute our
Invention. A, A, is the general framework of the machine; B, the roller

page_text: beam, which runs the whole length of the machine, and serves to support
the several tiers of rollers; C, C, are the roller stands, which are bolted to the
roller beam; D, D', is the back pair of rollers, which first receive the roving
from the roving bobbins E, E; F, F, is the centre set of rollers, between
which the roving is passed and partially drawn out into a sliver, and is finally
passed on to the front pair of rollers G, G', where the sliver is completely
.drawn out into thread, and twisted by the rapid revolution of the flyers. The
bottom rollers D, F, and G are all fluted, and the relative speeds of the rollers
are so regulated as to increase as the sliver is passed between them, that is to
say, the speed of the front pair is quicker than that of the centre pair, which
in its turn is driven also faster than the back pair D, D¹. By this means the
sliver is gradually drawn out to its required fineness. The pressure upon the
back and centre set of rollers is regulated by the relative weights of the upper
rollers, while, from the increased speed at which the front set revolves, it is
.found requisite to apply an additional pressure to them, to insure their proper
action and the necessary draught of the thread. This has heretofore been ac-
complished by weights hung upon the upper rollers, which are found in practice
to be objectionable, on account of the pressure and consequent wear upon the
spindles, and also from the weight being a dead weight; should any inequality
.exist on the circumference of the rollers, the thread is very liable to become
cut or broken. In Figures 3 and 4 we have shewn respectively a side view
and front clevation of our improved method of weighting or pressing upon the
rollers, in order to distribute the pressure evenly upon all the rollers comprising
the front set, and in such manner that they are all equally acted upon both
from above and below, whereby they are brought together accurately, and all
pressure upon the spindles of the rollers of this set is counterbalanced. G, G¹,
is the front set of rollers, as before explained; H is an under clearing roller;
and I, a rod, which is passed between each set of standards C, C; J is a hook
or saddle, the upper part of which is bent over, in the form and manner
represented in Figures 2 and 3, so as to rest upon the bosses of the upper
roller G. The lower end of this hook or saddle is furnished with a projecting
pin or piece b, upon which the clastic bands of india-rubber k, k, or other
suitable material are attached.. Instead of india-rubber, a steel spring or
other kind of spring may be made use of. These springs are also connected to
the rod I; the ends of the rod I are secured in spring bearings L, L, or other
suitable contrivances, so as to press upon the under side of either the under
clearing roller, or the bottom or fluted roller G. By this means it will be
readily seen that the tendency of these springs and saddles is to press all the
rollers towards each other. The same means of applying pressure upon the

page_text: front set may also, if desired, be with advantage applied to the spindle of the
centre and back pairs, or to any greater or less number of rollers that may be
used in frames for preparing, spinning, doubling, or twisting fibrous materials.
The thread, when thus completely drawn out, and after passing between the
front set of rollers, is brought down and passed through the guides c, c, to
the flyers M, M, by them to be twisted and wound upon the bobbins N, N.
The manner in which we construct our improved flyers is represented, full size,
in Figures 5 and 6. The flyer M is inverted, and screwed on to the end of the
tube or collar O. This tube or collar O is passed through the upper rail P,
and rests in a cup in the step Q in the lower rail R. S is a pulley or." warve"
upon the tube or collar O, by which rapid motion is imparted to it, and
consequently to the flyer M, by means of the cord S', from the driving drum S².
T is the spindle or rod, the lower end of which is fixed by the pinching screw e
to the lifting rail U. This rod T is passed up through the tube or collar Q,
and supports at its upper end the plate V and bobbin N. The upper ends
of the flyers are bent down, in the manner shewn, and a coil or loop f is formed
in cach of the legs. Around one or other of these bent portions the thread
from the rollers is twisted the requisite number of times to produce the neces-
sary drag upon the bobbins, and the thread is then finally passed through the
loop, and thereby guided on to the bobbin N. By this arrangement, 'and
the flyers being inverted and conuected to the tube or collar near to the bearings
of the tube in the bar P, a greater steadiness is acquired during the rapid
revolution of the flyers, and consequently a more even twist is given to the
thread, and the liability of the thread breaking is diminished; a more uniform
drag is obtained upon the thread, and it is laid more evenly and better upon
the bobbin. When the bobbins have become filled, and it is desired to
remove them to be replaced by empty bobbins, the spindles are lowered,
which lowering, together with the inverted positions of the flyers, renders it
more easy to remove and replace them. Figure 7 represents a modification in
the construction and arrangement of the flyers and tube. In this plan the
bobbin N is at right angles to the tube, and the thread from the rollers is first
fed through the tube W, which has a rapid revolution imparted to it by the
strap pulley W. From this tube the thread is passed through the loop g in
the flyer W, and thence wound two or more times round the leg of the flyer,
and is finally passed through the loop h in the end of the flyer, from whence it
passes to and is wound round the bobbin X upon the tube X', over the edge
of which bobbin X the thread is passed, and finally down the tube X' to the
guide Y, round which it is passed and laid upon the bobbin N. This class of
flyer is more particularly adapted to the production of rovings, and is substituted

page_text: in lieu of the ordinary tubes used in tube frames, the advantages being that
we are enabled to give a twist to the roving. Both the arrangement and con-
struction of the flyers, and also the means represented in the Drawings for
applying pressure to the rollers, may with equal, advantage be applied to other
machines for the preparation of cotton, wool, and other fibrous materials, such
as machines used for preparing, spinning, twisting, and winding, or in any
other machines where spindles are made use of, or rollers employed in which
a certain amount of pressure is required to be exerted in order to obtain
pressure upon the thread or material passing between them. We do not
limit ourselves to the precise manner shewn of bending down the legs of the
flyers and forming the loops, but reserve to ourselves the right to modify
the flyers and loops in any equivalent manner to produce the necessary drag
upon the thread..
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim as our
Improvements in Machinery for Preparing, Spinning, and Doubling Fibrous
Substances is,
First, the adaptation to and employment in frames for preparing, spinning,
doubling, twisting, and winding, fibrous substances of a compound spindle and
tube or collar, in combination with the. improved flyer, and the parts in con-
nection therewith, as herein-before,described, and represented in Figures
1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 of, the, Drawings hereunto annexed.
And, second, we claim the pressing together of the rollers used for drawing
or pressing fibrous substances by means of an, clastic material or spring in
such manner as not to exert, any force or weight upon the bearings of the
bottom or under rollers, as herein-before described, and represented in Figures
1, 2, 3, and 4 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, we," the said Robert Ashworth and Samuel 'Stott,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth day of July, One
thousand eight-hundred and fifty-five...