An Improved System of Ventilation.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left. 2nd Sept.. 1893-Accepted. 7th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved System of Ventilation.
PHILIP LOMAX 168 Blackburn Road Bolton Lancashire, now out of business
late Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:―
To supply atmospheric air into places where it is required by means of air pipes
conveying the air into the place or places where required for ventilation, from an
air propeller. This is to be done in a manner similar to the way coal gas is conveyed
from the gas meter to any place where the gas is required for combustion. Brackets
can be fixed in the places supplied with air to turn on or off or regulate the supply
of air at will. The supply of air can be kept up by means of a Roots' patent
blower, a fan or approved air propeller. Steam, gas, water or other motive power
can be used to work propeller of air.
PHILIP LOMAX.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved System of Ventilation.
1 PHILIP LOMAX of 168 Blackburn Road Bolton in the County of Lancaster,
at present out of business (late Builder), do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to supply atmospheric air under pressure into the
place or places where it is required which I propose to effect by means of an air
propeller or blower in combination with a main trunk pipe provided with branch
pipes leading to the various localities to be ventilated, such branch pipes being
furnished with distributing pipes or brackets having cocks, taps or valves whereby
the supply can be turned on or cut off or otherwise regulated at will much in the
same way that coal gas and water are now supplied to dwelling houses and other
places. The supply of air can be kept up by means of the apparatus known as
"Roots' Patent Blower" or by any other suitable positive blowing or air propelling
apparatus. The air propeller or blower may be actuated by steam gas water or
other motive power, and the casing or cylinder thereof, or the main trunk pipe
must be provided with a safety valve or valves to allow of the free escape of
the superabundance of compressed air when any of the distributing pipes are
shut off.
The practical application of my invention will be readily understood from the
following examples which are given by way of illustration; the principle will
always remain the same but the dimensions and arrangements of the various parts
will be modified to suit the particular circumstances and conditions of each case and
the localities where the ventilation is required.
For example, to ventilate a man of war a main trunk pipe inade of sheet steel
or other suitable metal and of (say) two feet in diameter and of sufficient
length must be formed by rivetting or otherwise, and connected direct with the
casing or cylinder of the air propeller or blower and carried down into the hold of
the war ship.
To this main trunk pipe are to be attached two similar pipes (say of about
seventeen inches diameter) that are to run on ceiling of deck lengthwise of the
vessel to the right and left of the main trunk pipe. These two sub-trunk pipes
will then be carried as far fore and aft as the requirements of the case demand.
27

page_text: Branch pipes of (say) one inch and a half diameter are to be screwed or otherwise
fixed into the seventeen inch pipes, and each branch pipe is to be provided with a
tap or valve of about one inch capacity and carried to the place where required.
In a sleeping compartment about one inch pipe per man should be allowed to secure
sufficient ventilation.
The amount of air transmitted can at any time be diminished by reducing the
speed of the air propeller or blower, or by turning off a number of the taps or
valves thus reducing the volume of air. A safety valve or valves must as before
stated, be attached to the air propeller or main trunk to prevent the bursting of
the pipes.
A "Roots" propeller or other suitable blower with an intake of thirty inches
diameter driven at a rate of 230 revolutions per minute will force seven hundred
and fifty thousand cubic feet of air per hour through the pipes and would furnish
If the
seven hundred and fifty men with one thousand cubic feet of air per hour.
air space in the vessel were one hundred and twenty five thousand cubic feet and
the above named supply of air were to be kept up the air would be renewed six
times every hour, or if the air space was two hundred and fifty thousand cubic feet
then it would be renewed three times per hour.
Separate branch pipes will be carried from the seventeen inch pipes or main pipes to
the officers' sleeping apartments, dining rooms, saloons or other apartments or rooms
of the ship which it is desired to ventilate, the number and size of these branch
pipes and other subsidiary distributing pipes being adapted to the cubical contents
of the various rooms or apartments to be ventilated, and to the number of persons
usually occupying the same.
For ventilating steam passenger ships the same principle will be adopted with
the addition that each state room will be provided with a separate air distributing
pipe with a regulating tap or valve under the control of the person or persons
inhabiting the same.
In steam ships and sailing vessels carrying as cargo perishable food products
liable to deterioration from being confined in the warm and polluted atmosphere
of the hold ventilation is required to keep such products in as good condition
as possible. Ships carrying oranges apples and other fruit, potatoes and other
vegetables or even grain if not fully ripe or new cheese bacon and other food
products, lying in the warm confined air of the bolds of such vessels are known
to become deteriorated or to discharge carbonic acid and other gases destructive
to the flavour and injurious to the quality of such goods, and for the ventilation of
such vessels I propose to apply my improved system of ventilation by carrying the
branch air pipes along the lower part of the hold such pipes being perforated so
that when the air is forced thereinto by the air propeller or blower the fresh air is
thoroughly distributed through the cargo and its deterioration by sweating over-
heating and production of gases is reduced to a minimum. This improved system
would also be applicable for clearing the foul gases from the holds of the ships
before unloading.
For ventilating hospitals and other buildings and similar constructions the same
system will be applicable; an air propeller or blower of the capacity. required with
a main trunk and safety valve or valves being combined with branch and distributing
pipes and taps or valves of such dimensions as may be necessary to supply the
amount of air required and to discharge the same into the various apartments
according to the requirements and circumstances of each particular case. Smaller
propellers and main pipes should be used when less air is required for lesser areas.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
"
The improved system of ventilation consisting in the combination of a "Roots'
Patent Blower or other suitable positive direct acting air blower or compressor
or propeller with a main trunk fitted with a safety valve or valves, and provided

page_text: with branch or distributing pipes fitted with taps or valves for regulating and
discharging the conveyed air at the points where the ventilation is required,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before more particularly set
forth.
Dated this 1st day of September 1893.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.