IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FERMENTABLE SUBSTANCES FOR BREWING AND DISTILLING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT. to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING
FERMENTABLE SUBSTANCES FOR BREWING AND DISTILLING."-A communication
from abroad by Friedrich Wilhelm Hoepfner, of 137, Linienstrasse,
Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia.
Sealed the 3rd February 1863, and dated the 23rd August 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd August 1862.
1, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR
TREATING FERMENTABLE SUBSTANCES FOR BREWING AND DISTILLING," .to be as
follows:
In carrying out the above Invention the grain, malt, potatoes, or other
substance to be operated upon is soaked for several hours in water, and then
crushed, squeezed, or pressed into a pulpy mass, which is then placed in a
vessel, and hot water or steam is added until the temperature is raised. con-
siderably, or the mass is heated by steam pipes until it is converted into a
kind of paste. The mass is then passed into a straining apparatus in which

page_text: the nusks, grains, or unfermentable parts are removed. This removal of the
husks and unfermentable particles greatly facilitates the subsequent processes
of distilling and brewing, as it economizes beat and prevents the mass from
burning. The pulpy mass is then conveyed to a heating apparatus, and the
temperature is raised to about 63° of Reaumur, at which temperature sugar
begins to form; here it remains for a certain time, and it is then cooled by
passing cold water through it, after which it is passed into the fermenting tubs.
The above is the process to be followed for distilling.
For brewing, the pasty mass, after being cleared of the husks, is to be
boiled for the requisite time with a suitable quantity of water, and then
cooled.
'
The apparatus whereby the pulpy or pasty mass or liquid is heated and cooled
consists of two vessels placed one within the other, leaving a vacant space all
round between them for the admission and circulation of either hot or cold
water. The inner vessel is provided with a number of hollow partitions
which communicate, with the surrounding space, so that by holding hot or
cold water, as the case may be, the contents of the inner vessel may be
modified in temperature, that is, either heated or cooled, as may be required.
The space between the two vessels may also be subdivided by means of
vertical partitions so as to ensure a perfect circulation of the water. Two
supply pipes, one for hot water and the other for cold, communicate with this
space, and an exit pipe for drawing off the water is also provided. In order
to assist the circulation of the water and keep the temperature uniform
throughout the mass of water, horizontal axles or shafts provided with stirrers
or radial arms are mounted in the sides of the outer vessel, and the radial arms
are made to enter between the hollow partitions and agitate the water.
The straining apparatus for removing the husks and unfermentable parts
from the pulpy mass consists of a rectangular vessel in which are mounted
two, three, or more pairs of pressing rollers, and also a series of carrying
rollers, over which passes an endless travelling apron made of wire gauze.
The goods or mashed grain or malt, mixed with water, are placed in a
hopper in which is a stirring shaft, whereby the mass is kept well mixed.
The semi-liquid mass is allowed to flow out of the hopper on to the travelling
endless gauze, and will be carried along thereby under pressing rollers which
will squeeze out the moisture contained in the grains and allow the husks to
be carried forward by the travelling gauze and discharged at the other end of
the machine. The liquid parts will, of course, pass through the wire gauze,
and fall into a vessel or suitable receptacle placed below.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 23rd February 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license, that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and at-
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FERMENTABLE
SUBSTANCES FOR BREWING AND DISTILLING," being a communication from
abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward
Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
In carrying out the above invention the grain, malt, potatoes, or other
substance to be operated upon is soaked for several hours in water, and is
afterwards crushed, squeezed, or pressed into a pulpy mass which is then
placed in a vessel, and hot water or steam is added until the temperature is
raised considerably, or the mass may be heated by steam pipes until it is
converted into a kind of paste. The mass is then passed into a straining
apparatus, in which the husks, grains, and unfermentable parts are removed.
This removal of the husks and unfermentable particles greatly facilitates the

page_text: subsequent processes of distilling and brewing, as it economizes heat and
prevents the mass from burning. The pulpy mass is then conveyed to a
heating apparatus and the temperature is raised to about 63° of Reaumur, at
which temperature sugar begins to form. Here it remains for a certain time
and it is then cooled by passing cold water through it, after which it is passed
into the fermenting tubs. The above is the process to be followed for
distilling.
For brewing, the pasty mass after being cleared of the husks, is to be
boiled for the requisite time with a suitable quantity of water, and then
cooled.
The apparatus whereby the pulpy or pasty mass or liquid is heated and
cooled consists of two vessels placed one within the other, leaving a vacant
space all round between them for the admission and circulation of either hot
or cold water. The inner vessel is provided with a number of hollow
partitions which communicate with the surrounding space, so that by filling
this space with hot or cold water, as the case may be, the contents of the
inner vessel may be modified in temperature, that is, either heated or cooled
as may be required: The space between the two vessels may also be sub-
divided by means of vertical partitions so as to ensure a perfect circulation of
the water. Two supply pipes, one for hot water and the other for cold, communi-
cate with this space, and an exit pipe for drawing off the water is also provided.
In order to assist the circulation of the water and keep the temperature
uniform throughout the mass of water, horizontal axles or shafts provided
with stirrers or radial arms are mounted in the sides of the outer vessel, and
the radial arms are made to enter between the hollow partitions and agitate
the water.
.:
The
The straining apparatus for removing the husks and unfermentable parts
from the pulpy mass consists of a rectangular vessel in which are mounted
two, three, or more pairs of pressing rollers, and also a series of carrying
rollers, over which passes an endless travelling apron made of wire gauze.
The goods or mashed grain or malt mixed with water are placed in a hopper
in which is a stirring shaft, whereby the mass is kept well mixed.
semi-liquid mass is allowed to flow out of the hopper on to the travelling
endless gauze, and will be carried along thereby under pressing rollers,
which will squeeze out the moisture contained in the grains, and allow the
husks to be carried forward by the travelling gauze and discharged at
the other end of the machine. The liquid parts will, of course, pass
through the wire gauze, and fall into a vessel or suitable receptacle placed
below.

page_text: In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents a front; elevation. of the
cooling and heating apparatus; Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are plan views of the
same; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section taken in the line A, B, in
Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is another longitudinal vertical section, but taken in the
line C, D, in Fig. 3; Figs. 7, 8, and 9, represent some of the parts detached
and drawn upon an enlarged scale.
The construction of the apparatus is as follows:-J is a copper reservoir
or vessel in which a second one K of a similar form is placed.
The space
left between the vessels J and K may be kept constantly filled either by
the tube L with warm or by the tube pipe L' with cold water, and in
both cases the water can be let off by the pipe M, which is provided with
a suitable stop-cock. The cold or warm water runs not only through the
above-mentioned space but also through the partitions N, Fig. 2, in the
vessel K. These partitions N are brought into communication at their
lower part with the reservoir J, by means of the conical valves d (Figs. 4
and 7), and at their upper part with each other (and with the water
reservoir) by the conical valves b (Figs. 2, 4, and 5). The circulation of
the water necessary for the present purpose through the apparatus is chiefly
effected by the water space being divided into three water-tight. separate
partitions by means of the strengthening pieces c, so that the water must pass
in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4. Through the vessels J
and K, three horizontal axles are mounted in suitable bearings in the
vessel K, and each of these axles is provided with stirring arms m, which
work between the partitions N. The axles are driven by bands passed
round the pulleys R, which rotate in the direction of the arrows in Figs. 1
and 5. Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9, represent detached views of some of the parts
above mentioned, drawn upon an enlarged scale; Fig. 6 is a horizontal section
taken through the bearings of one of the shafts or axles f; Fig. 7 is a section
taken in the line E, F, in Fig. 3; Figs. 8 and 9 are cross sections taken in
the line G, H, of (Fig. 2); the first one is seen from the right and the other
one from the left. Fig. 6 shows the mode of constructing and arranging the
packing of the bearings for the axles f, which pass through the packing
material. The bearings for the middle axle are placed in the uprights d, d,
but need not be very tightly packed; Fig. 7 represents in detail the con-
struction of the valves n, of which there are four, as shown in Fig. 3, the
use of which is to let off the mash or wort from the reservoir or vessel K;
Fig. 7 represents also the construction of the conical valves n and b, and
further, in connexion with Figs. 8 and the manner of securing the
partitions N which are supported on the T-angle irons r; it also shews the

page_text: manner of securing the pipes P by means of the strips q and angle irons r.
In using the apparatus the (cold or warm) water is kept a little higher
in the reservoir J than in the tubes P, which may easily be done by properly
regulating the stop-cocks at I, and L' as well as at M. The height of the
liquid mash or wort in the reservoir K is shown in the Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8,
and 9 by red color.
The husking apparatus is shown at Figs. 11, 12, and 13. Fig. 11 is a front
elevation of the machine; Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section; and Fig. 13 is a
cross section taken in the line x, y, in Fig. 12. Its construction is as
follows: Between two frames A and A', suitably connected together, there
are placed in suitable bearings three heavy cast-iron rollers B, B¹, B", so
mounted that they may be raised in their bearings. The simultaneous rotation
of these rollers in one direction as indicated by the arrows is effected by the
straps C, C¹, C", and pulleys a, as shown in Fig. 13. The rollers B, B',
and B, communicate their motion to the hollow rollers D, D¹, D", beneath
them by means of pairs of cog wheels b, b', one pair of which is shown in
Fig. 13. Between the pairs of rollers B, D, B', D', and B", D", an endless
band of brass gauze c is made to pass, and is driven by the rotation of the
rollers. The tension of this band is maintained by four rollers d, d, d, d,
made of gutta percha (the bearings of which are made adjustable). The
gauze band c is carried or supported by six rollers n made of gutta percha,
the bearings of which rollers are fitted in the frame. E represents a mill
hopper, in which the mass of malt or grain properly prepared is placed,
and is worked through an opening by the arms of the shaft f, which derives
its motion from the straps w, Fig. 11. From this hopper E the mass falls
through the adjustable opening v, (Fig. 12,) on to the travelling gauze c, a piece
of leather v or other suitable substance being adapted to the opening for
the purpose of forcing the mass to take a certain direction. F is a trough
provided with an opening r, into which the husks, grains, or pressed out mass
falls after having left the gauze, and is conveyed away through the opening r
to another reservoir or vessel.
Having now described this Invention of improvements in the mode of
and apparatus for treating fermentable substances for brewing and distilling,
and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect as communi-
cated to me by my foreign correspondent, I claim as the Invention secured to
me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,-
1st., the mode herein set forth of treating fermentable substances in the
processes of brewing and distilling.
And, 2nd., I claim the novel construction and arrangement of apparatus
'

page_text: herein described, whereby the useful extract for brewing and distilling is
obtained from the fermentable substances.
In witness whereof I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
1.5.