IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING, LINING, AND CASING SHAFT BEARINGS, BUSHES, PLUNGERS, SLIDING BLOCKS, AND OTHER FRICTIONAL PARTS OF MACHINERY."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Howat, of Manchester, in the County of
•
Lancaster, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING, LINING, AND CASING SHAFT BEARINGS,
BUSHES, PLUNGERS, SLIDING BLOCKS, AND OTHER FRICTIONAL PARTS OF
MACHINERY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Howat at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1881.
ANDREW HOWAT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING, LINING,
AND CASING SHAFT BEARINGS, BUSHES, PLUNGERS, SLIDING BLOCKS, AND OTHER
FRICTIONAL PARTS OF MACHINERY."
The first part of my Invention consists in the method of and apparatus for lining
iron or brass shells with phosphor bronze for shaft bearings, bushes, or other working
parts of machinery.
In making steps I cast the iron or brass shell, and in the shell I cast or drill
taper holes, the larger ends of the holes being at the outside, and then place in the
shell a lining of the shape and thickness required for the phosphor bronze which
will form the bearing surface; the shell and lining are placed in the moulding box,
which is filled with sand and rammed; the moulding box is then opened and the
shell and lining taken out; the sand is removed from the taper holes in the shell,
and the shell is then replaced in the sand; the box is closed, and the phosphor
bronze is run into the mould, and it fills the space that was occupied by the lining,
and also the taper holes in the shell.
The steps thus formed are strong and solid.
When thick shells are used I drill the taper holes from the inside and not through
the shell, the holes being smallest at the opening. Cylinders may be cased or
lined in a similar manner.
.
In casing sliding blocks with phosphor bronze I drill or cast taper holes a short
distance into the block on each side to be cased, these taper holes being smaller at
the outside than inside, and I cast the phosphor bronze, as before described.
I case plungers by making grooves or recesses in the surface to secure the
phosphor bronze, and I fit an annular casing on the plunger of the thickness
required, which is then moulded, and the casing is removed and the phosphor
bronze cast, as before described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Andrew Howat in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th
September 1881.
ANDREW HOWAT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING, LINING,
AND CASING SHAFT BEARINGS; BUSHES, PLUNGERS, SLIDING BLOCKS, AND OTHER
FRICTIONAL PARTS OF MACHINERY."
The object of my improvements is to secure the advantages of a phosphor bronze
bearing at a low cost.
The first part of my Invention consists in the method of and apparatus for
lining iron or brass shells with phosphor bronze for shaft bearings, bushes, or other
working parts of machinery. In making steps I cast the iron or brass shell, and
in the shell I cast or drill taper holes, the larger ends of the holes being at the
outside, and I then place in the shell a lining of the shape and thickness required
for the phosphor bronze which will form the bearing surface; the shell and lining
are placed in the moulding box, which is filled with sand and rammed; the moulding
box is then opened, and the shell and lining taken out; the sand is removed from
the taper holes in the shell, and the shell is then replaced in the sand; the mould
is then dried, after which the box is closed and the phosphor bronze is run into
the mould, and it fills the space that was occupied by the lining, and also the taper
holes in the shell. The steps thus formed are strong and solid and much cheaper
than steps formed entirely of phosphor bronze. When thick shells are used I
drill the taper holes from the inside and not through the shell, the holes being
smallest at the opening. Cylinders may be cased or lined in a similar manner.
In casing sliding blocks with phosphor bronze I drill or cast taper holes a short
distance into the block on each side to be cased, these taper holes being smaller at
the outside than inside, and I cast the phosphor bronze as before described.
I case plungers by making grooves or recesses in the surface to secure the
phosphor bronze, and I fit an annular casing on the plunger of the thickness
required, which is then moulded and the casing is removed, and the phosphor
bronze cast, as before described. "
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, I will describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, reference being
had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 is a transverse section of a bearing"
for the axle of a railway wagon made according to my Invention.
a is the shell in this case formed of cast iron, and b is the lining of phosphor
bronze which has in a molten state been run into the shell a, as above described,
the taper holes in the iron that have been filled with phosphor bronze are shown
at c; d is the hole through which the lubricant is supplied to the axle.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section and Fig. 4 is a cross section of a bearing for a
shaft made according to my Invention.
"
a is the shell which may be of iron or brass, and b is the phosphor bronze
lining; the taper holes that have been filled with phosphor bronze are shown
at c.
Any suitable number of taper holes may be made in the shell to be filled with
phosphor bronze so as to hold the lining firmly to the shell. By thus combining
phosphor bronze with iron or brass I make a bearing that is as durable as and
much cheaper than if made entirely of phosphor bronze.

page_text: Having stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner of
performing the same,
I declare that I claim,-
Lining or casing shaft bearings, bushes, plungers, sliding blocks, and other
frictional parts of machinery with phosphor bronze, as and for the purpose shown
and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Howat, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty third day of September, One thousand eight hundred
and eighty one.
ANDREW HOWAT. (L.S.)