IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANES FOR CHAM- FERING AND MOULDING AND IN MEANS CONNECTED WITH THEIR USE
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Hart, of Bourton, in the County of
Dorset, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANES FOR CHAM-
FERING AND MOULDING AND IN MEANS CONNECTED WITH THEIR USE."
Scaled the 4th October 1870, and dated the 5th May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION filed by the said Frederick Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1870.
I, FREDERICK HART, of Bourton, in the County of Dorset, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANES
FOR CHAMFERING AND MOULDING AND IN MEANS CONNECTED WITH THEIR USE,"
to be as follows:-
"
و"
My Invention relates to improvements in planes for cutting, cham-
fering, and moulding, and to means connected with their use, by which
the work is greatly facilitated and perfect accuracy ensured in stop
chamfering and "stop" moulding. Moreover the several cutting irons
for producing mouldings of different shapes may be used in the same
block, which can be readily adapted to the moulding to be cut.

page_text: According to my Invention I form the plane block with a longitudinal
groove or recess along its working face, across which groove the cutting
edge of the tool projects, said groove being rectangular or of the
shape of the wood before it is operated on. When the plane is to be
used for chamfering, I provide an adjustable plate in front of the plane
iron for regulating the depth or width of the bevel or chamfer. This plate
or guage is recessed in the angular groove of the plane block, into
which groove it projects more or less as required. This plate is carried
on a shank sliding through the plane block, in which works an adjusting
screw for setting the guage. In some cases it may be necessary to place
the adjustable plate or guage in rear of the plane iron or cutter, when
stop chamfering or stop moulding across the grain, for instance. In order
to adapt this plane for moulding or for cutting moulded chamfers it is
only necessary to replace the plain cutter used for chamfering by
one shaped to form the required moulding, and to substitute for the
adjustable plate or guage a block corresponding in form to the cutter.
This block is received in the recess provided at the angle of the groove
as before described, where it is securely fixed, and serves to regulate the
depth of cut. This block is slightly inclined in the forward direction in
a line with the angle of the groove at the front end of the plane to
afford a long bearing surface, the moulded block being preferably made
as short as possible. For stop chamfering or stop moulding I employ a
stop or clamp to be applied to the wood at a suitable distance from the
desired termination of the chamfer or moulding. For stop chamfering
and moulding the extremities of the plane block have each an inclined
surface, the corners of the clamp or block being also bevelled to
correspond therewith, and with the angle or slope of the end of the
chamfer or moulding to be cut, the contact of the two inclined surfaces
guiding the tool in the required direction when entering or leaving the
wood.
In some cases the chamfer or moulding is terminated by a moulded or
curved instead of a plane surface, to produce which I form the ends of
the clamp or stop to correspond, and provide the ends of the plane block
with a projecting edge which bears against the curved or other shaped
ends of the clamp, and guides the cutter when entering the wood in the
direction of such curved surface.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Hart in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th November 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
HART, of Bourton, in the County of Dorset, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Hart, Her special licence
that I, the said Frederick Hart, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Hart, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PLANES FOR CHAMFERING AND MOULDING AND IN MEANS CONNECTED WITH
THEIR USE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Frederick Hart, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Hart, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):
My Invention relates to improvements in planes for cutting chamfers
and mouldings and to means connected with their use by which the
work is greatly facilitated and perfect accuracy ensured in "stop,"
chamfering, and "stop" moulding. Moreover the several cutting irons

page_text: for producing mouldings of different shapes may be used in the same
block which can be readily adapted to the moulding to be cut.
According to my Invention I form the plane block with a longitu-
dinal groove or recess along its working face, across which groove the
cutting edge of the tool projects, said groove being rectangular or of the
shape of the wood before it is operated on. When the plane is to be
used for chamfering I provide an adjustable plate in front of the plane
iron for regulating the depth or width of the bevel or chamfer. This
plate or guage is recessed in the angular groove of the plane block, into
which groove it projects more or less, as required. This plate is carried
on a shank sliding through the plane block, in which works an adjusting
screw for setting the guage. In some cases it may be necessary to place
the adjustable plate or guage in rear of the plane iron or cutter, when
"stop" chamfering or "stop" moulding across the grain for instance.
In order to adapt this plane for moulding or for cutting moulded
chamfers it is only necessary to replace the plain cutter used for
chamfering by one shaped to form the required moulding, and to substi-
tute for the adjustable plate or guage a block corresponding in form to
the cutter. This block is received in the recess provided at the angle
of the groove, as before described, where it is securely fixed and serves
to regulate the depth of cut. This block is slightly inclined in the
forward direction in a line with the angle of the groove at the front
end of the plane, to afford a long bearing surface, the moulded block
being preferably made as short as possible. For "stop" chamfering or
"stop" moulding I employ a stop or clamp to be applied to the wood
at a suitable distance from the desired termination of the chamfer or
moulding. For "stop" chamfering and moulding the extremities of
the plane block have each an inclined surface, the corners of the clamp
or block being also bevelled to correspond therewith, and with the
angle or slope of the end of the chamfer or moulding to be cut, the
contact of the two inclined surfaces guiding the tool in the required
direction, when entering or leaving the wood. In some cases the
chamfer or moulding is terminated by a moulded or curved instead
of a plane surface, to produce which I form the ends of the clamp or
stop to correspond, and provide the ends of the plane block with a
projecting edge which bears against the curved or other shaped ends
of the clamp and guides the cutter when entering the wood in the
direction of such curved surface.
ઃઃ

page_text: 66
Figure 1 is a part sectional elevation of one arrangement of planc
block constructed according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a cross section
on line 1, 2, Figure 1; and Figure 3 a face view or under side plan of
same. In order to enable the plane iron to enter and cut the wood at
the commencement of the chamfer or moulding so as to form a stop"
chamfer or "stop" moulding, I remove a portion of the working face
of the plane block to a depth greater than that of the chamfer or
moulding required immediately before or behind the planc iron,
according as the chamfer is being made with or across the grain of
the wood. I prefer to make this portion of the face of the plane block
of the form of the wood before it is moulded, that is to say, in the form
of a rectangular recess or groove in which the edge of the wood is
received.
a is the plane block the working face of which is formed with a
longitudinal groove or recess 6 of the form of the wood before it is cut
by the plane, that is to say, rectangular. The cutting iron c of the
plane is fitted into the block a in the ordinary manner, with its cutting
edge across the groove b, into which it projects as shown in Figure 2,
to the depth of bevel or chamfer required. For continuous chamfering
I provide the tool with an adjustable plate or guage & which partially
fills up the groove 6 immediately in front of the plane iron. This
plate is fitted into a recess d³ in the groove band is carried on a shank e
working through a mortise in the plane block a. An adjusting or set
screw passing through a plate f¹ in which it is retained by a collar,
works in a screw hole in the shank which may thus be held in any
required position, or the plate or guage may be held as shown in Figure 7.
In this case the stem e is slotted and inclined and slides through the
block a in a parallel line (or nearly so) with the plane iron c, a set
screw f serving to hold it in any desired position. In order to adapt
the plane shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, for moulding or cutting moulded
chamfers it is simply necessary to replace the plane cutting iron used
for chamfering by one shaped to form the required moulding, and
to substitute for the adjustable plate or guage d a moulded block or
guage 9 shown detached in side face and end view in Figure 4, corrc-
sponding to the cutter. This block is fitted into the recess d¹ in which
it is held by a screw and serves to regulate the depth of cut, the depth

page_text: of the moulding being always the same it is not required to be made
adjustable, or it may be attached by screws to the adjustable guage d.
.Both the moulded block or guage g and the plain plate or guage d are
preferably made as short as possible and faced in an inclined direction
towards the forward end of the plane as shown, so that the plane will
always bear on the wood both at the rear portion of the guage, or that
next the knife, and at the forward end of the groove b, whereby a long
bearing is obtained. For "stop" chamfering or "stop" moulding
I form the rear end of the plane block with an inclined surface h, as
shown in Figure 5, the upper portion of block a being prolonged as at a¹,
to afford a convenient hand hold. In combination with this inclined
surface I employ a clamp shown detached in Figure 6. This clamp i
is applied to the plank or piece of wood to be operated on as shown in
Figure 5 at such a distance from the desired termination or "stop" of
the chamfer or moulding that the cutting edge of the plane iron will
be guided by the inclined end and caused to enter the wood at that
spot. The corner i¹ of the clamp is enlarged and formed with a straight
edge (rounded or bevelled) of sufficient extent for the inclined surface /
to bear against. The contact of the surface with the part of the
clamp guides the cutting iron c in the required direction when entering
the wood to form the end or stop" of the chamfer or moulding to be
cut, which "stop," will be formed on a slope or angle parallel to or
corresponding with that of the surface . When "stop" chamfering,
or "stop" moulding, in working across the grain of the wood, it is
necessary for the plane iron to form the end or "stop" of the chamfer
or moulding as it leaves and not as it enters the wood. For this purpose
I employ a plane with a guage 7 similar to guage d or g, as the case may
be, placed immediately behind the plane iron, as shown in Figure 7, the
face of the plane block a, in front of the knife, being simply grooved
or cut away, as before described. The plane shown in Figures 7 and 7*
is fitted with guages both in front and rear of the cutting iron, one
only of which is used at a time, the other being withdrawn into a recess
in the block a, but they may be applied to separate planes. The plane
block in which the guage behind the knife is employed is formed
with a surface at the forc end similar to that before described, but
inclined in the opposite direction. The clamp i in this case is fixed to
the wood at such a distance beyond the desired termination of the
chamfer that on the inclined surface / coming into contact with the
66

page_text: "
clamp i the plane will be raised, and the cutter caused to leave the wood
in a direction coinciding with the incline of the surface h, so as to form
the desired slope or 'stop" to the chamfer or moulding. It is
sometimes required to form the chamfer or moulding with a curved or
moulded termination or "stop," instead of an inclined plane, for which
purpose I attach to one corner of the clamp i a guide m, the surface of
which is curved to the form required to be produced. This guide is
shown in Figure 8, and may have two surfaces of different curvatures.
When using this curved guide m I provide the inclined ends of the
plane block with a projecting piece n Figure 9 screwed thereto, the edge
of which bears against the curved or shaped surface of the guide m
which guides the plane iron in a similar direction when entering (or
leaving) the wood at the termination of the chamfer or moulding. It
is obvious that this curved guide surface may be carried on the inclined
part of the plane itself, as shown in Figures 10, 11. In this case a
slot is made in the plane block to receive the guide piece o, which is
firmly secured therein, the clamp i being simply formed with a straight-
edge bevelled or rounded for the guide o to bear against, as shown. The
guide piece o may either be fixed or made adjustable by means of a
shank and screw as applied to the guage plate in Figure 1, so that the
guide piece o can be raised to allow of the clamp being fixed within a
very short distance of the chamfer.
Having described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be
protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. In chamfering or moulding planes removing that portion of the
face of the plane block situate immediately behind (or in front of) the
cutting edge of the plane iron to admit of the same entering (or leaving)
the wood at the beginning (or termination) of the chamfer or moulding,
and thus enable the plane to cut "stop" chamfers and "stop" mouldings,
substantially as shown and described.
2ndly. As an improvement in chamfering planes, I claim the appli-
cation of an adjustable guage either before or behind the knife, for
enabling the plane to cut chamfers of various depths, as shown and
described.
3rdly. As an improvement in moulding planes I claim adapting the
same plane block to receive irons for cutting mouldings of different

page_text: shapes by the insertion of removable guage blocks to correspond to the
form of moulding to be cut as herein-before described.
4thly. In chamfering and moulding planes I claim providing the ends
of the plane block with inclined surfaces to work against a fixed stop
as described, whereby accuracy is ensured in " stop" chamfering and
"stop" moulding, and the angle of the termination or "stop" is
determined, as shown and described.
5thly. I claim the use of curved or other shaped guide picces to
guide the cutter for forming curved or other shaped "stops" in "stop"
chamfering and "stop" moulding, substantially as herein shown and 1
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Hart, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.