Improvements in Magazine Fire Arms.
Year: 1892

page_text: Complete Specification Left, 24th Sept., 1899 Accepted, our
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Magazine Fire Arms.
We, OLE HERMAN JOHANNES KRAG, Director of the Royal Norwegian Gun-
actory and ERIK JÖRGENSEN, Works Manager, both of Kongsberg, Norway do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and the manner in which the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
tatement :-
This invention relates to breech loading magazine guns and comprises improve-
ments upon guns of the character described or referred to in the Specification of
Patent No. 18430 dated 18th November 1889, whereby the construction of the
breech mechanism and the manipulation of the gun are materially simplified,
the invention consisting essentially in structural features and combinations of
co-operative parts.
Figure 1 is perspective view, and Figure 2 a top plan view of so much of a
breech-loading magazine gun as is necessary to illustrate our invention, the
magazine gate being shown open, and the breech bolt in its unlocked and locked
positions respectively.
Figure 3 is a front view of the magazine.
Figure 3 is an underside view of the magazine hinge pintle, and Figure 3B is a
section taken on or about line wow of Figure 3.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the receiver and part of the gun barrel as
seen from the left side, the tang at the rear end of the receiver being broken away.
Figures 5 and 6 are cross sections of the gun taken on or about lines - and y-y
of Figure 2, the magazine gate being shown fully and partly open respectively.
Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the magazine.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the receiver as seen from the right
side of the gun.
Figure is a similar view of the breech bolt, of which Figures 10 and 11 are
cross sections on or about lines - and y-y' Figure 9 respectively, and
Figure 12 an end view thereof.
Figure 13 is an underside view of the shell extractor carrier, and Figure 13^
an end view thereof.
Figure 14 is a side elevation and Figure 15 a longitudinal sectional view of a
straight pull breech bolt adapted for use with our improved gun, the operative
parts being shown in their normal position and in their position when the firing pin
is at full cock respectively, it being assumed that the breech bolt in Figure 15 has
been moved to the limit of its rearward motion in the receiver; and
Figure 16 is a perspective view of a cartridge holder or case.
Similar symbols indicate like parts wherever such may occur in the above
described figures of drawings.
In order that our improvements may be more clearly set forth relatively to the
construction shown and described in our Patent Specification hereinabove referred
to, we will describe the several parts of the gun separately and then their
co-operation.

page_text: THE MAGAZINE AND RECEIVER.
Referring to Figures 1 to 8 inclusive 1 indicates the receiver, and 2 the magazine,
which latter forms an integral part of said receiver and of the barrel, whereby the
construction is materially simplified. But that access may be had to the magazine
from both sides of the gun we preferably make the curved left hand wall, 2, of the
said magazine detachable, and to this end the said wall is provided at its front end
with a locking rib, 3, that fits a corresponding recess in the front wall of the
magazine, and at its rear end said wall, 2, has a flange, 4, that is secured to the face
of the magazine by means of a screw or screws, 4ª, see Figure 7. Below the front
edge of the magazine floor, 1, is formed a chamber or pocket extending along said
magazine and having at each end a hinge knuckle, 16, Figure 3, for the hinge
pintle, 6, of the magazine gate, 5, and said gate is likewise provided with a hinge
knuckle 4. The rear hinge knuckle, 16, has a hole drilled through it at right
angles to its axis for the reception of a locking pin, 18, that serves to lock the
hinge pintle, 6, against endwise motion. To this end the rear end of the pintle is
semi-cylindrical, and there is a notch, 17, cut in this semi-cylindrical portion at the
point of junction of the latter with the cylindrical body of the pintle, as shown in
Figure 34, into which notch the pin 18 extends, and thus holds the pintle against
end wise motion. That the said pintle may be held against rotation in its bearings
it is provided at its forward end with an elastic or spring plate, 19, that has bearing
on the forward knuckle, 16b, and the gate knuckle, 4b, when the pintle is locked
against endwise movement, see Figures 3, 3ª and 3B.
In the front wall of the magazine, 2, is formed a recess or bearing for the pivot
pin, 8, of a feed lever, 7, that serves to feed the cartridges to the receiver, the upper
end of said pivot having its bearing in a lug or ear 9 projecting from the receiver, 1,
Figures 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7. At its forward end the gate 5 has a lug 13, Figures 2, 5,
and 6, that engages the neck or curved portion 15 at the pivot end of the feed
lever, 7, as soon as the gate is slightly opened (Figure 6) by pressure on the thumb
piece, 14, thereof, and as the gate is caused to swing downwards the said lug moves
the feed lever outwardly out of the way so as to admit of the introduction of
cartridges into the magazine, see Figures 1, 2 and 5. In the chamber or pocket, 10,
below the front or gate edge of the magazine, 2, is placed a flat convex spring, 11,
in such a manner that its convex face bears upon the hinge knuckle, 4°, of the
gate, 5, the forward end of said spring having a pin or lug in perpetual engagement
with the radial arm, 12, projecting from the lower end of the pivot pin, 8, as shown
in dotted lines in Figures 4 to 7.
The pressure exerted by the spring, 11, upon the hinge knuckle, 4, of the gate
is sufficient to hold the same against movement either when the gate
or when it is closed. The free end of the said spring exerts sufficient pressure upon
fully opened
the radial arm 12, of the pivot pin, 8, to force said lever inwardly against the
cartridges when the magazine gate is closed to feed said cartridges to the receiver.
It is obvious that as the gate swings downwardly and the feed lever outwardly, the
latter moves against the stress of the spring, 11, thereby increasing the tension of
the same and correspondingly increasing the pressure exerted by the spring on the
hinge knuckle, 4, whereby the gate is held in position when open. In order to
increase the points of contact between the spring and hinge knuckle, the latter is
preferably flattened at said point, so as to present a plane bearing to the spring.
The receiver, 1, has in its upper wall a longitudinal slot or opening, r, extending
from about the centre of the receiver towards the right thereof, and diametrically
opposite said opening, r, is formed a second opening, r¹, the faces d and c of said
openings forming guide surfaces for the lugs, 35 and 36 (see Figures 9 and 12), at
the front end of the breech bolt, and said faces are extended beyond the openings
or slots, ", and r³, nearly the full length of the receiver. Through the opening, r,
the empty cartridge shells are ejected, or cartridges may be introduced into the
receiver through said opening when the gun is used as a single loader, and through

page_text: the magazine is not empty, it is necessary to provide means for holding the cartridge
at the slot back sufficiently to prevent its flange from projecting into the receiver
and into the path of the breech bolt or a lug thereon. To this end a stop pin, 15,
provided with a thumb piece, 16, (Figures 2 and 5) is seated in the rear enlarged
end of the receiver, the forward end of the said pin projecting into the passage, 55,
leading from the receiver to the magazine at the upper rear edge of the slot r¹.
That portion of the pin within the passage is semi-cylindrical, so that when it is
turned into the position shown in Figure 5, it will obstruct the slot sufficiently to
prevent the flange of the cartridge thereat from projecting into the receiver.
The rear face, 37, of the receiver is inclined rearwardly and near its forward end
said receiver is provided with a rearwardly inclined shoulder, e, as shown in Figure 4,
and for purposes presently to be described.
THE BREECH BOLT.
Referring now to Figures 9 to 13* inclusive: The breech bolt consists essentially
of a tube, 28, that is provided near its forward end with the two locking lugs, 35
and 36, that fit a suitable recess in the forward end of the receiver when the breech
bolt is in its normal position closing the breech chamber and locking the bolt against
endwise motion. At said forward end the breech bolt is provided with an
annular flange or shoulder, 50, a portion of which is cut away to accommodate
the extractor hook, as shown at 50%, while another portion of said flange is
shallower from about the point 50b, to the cut away portion or to the point, 50°,
Figure 12, for purposes hereinafter explained. At its rear end the breech bolt
is of increased diameter, and on this enlarged portion, 29, is formed a spirally
inclined shoulder, 34, and on said enlarged portion of the breech bolt is mounted
the hand lever, 30, so as to bear against the rearwardly inclined face, 37, at
the rear end of the receiver, Figure 4. This end, 29, of the breech bolt is also
provided with a radial slot, b, Figure 11 of such width as to admit of the
passage of an overhanging arm, 31, on a retaining or locking sleeve, 27, and
when said parts are assembled so that the depending lug, 33, on said arm 31
lies in front of the said enlarged end of the breech bolt and the sleeve is partly
turned, said parts will be securely locked together.
The firing pin, constructed substantially as described in the Specification referred
to is contained in the breech bolt and carries at its rear end a hand hold or pull
knob, 21, the striking point of the jointed portion, 24, of the pin projecting through
an axial opening, 28, Figure 12, in the forward closed end of the breech bolt
when projected by its spring, 25, in firing. The pull knob, 21, has on its under-
side a longitudinal rib, 22, fitted and sliding in a slot in the rear end of the receiver
and having the full cock shoulder, 23.
Within the breech bolt, 28, at the rear end thereof is located the retaining or
locking sleeve 27, hereinbefore referred to, against the front end of which one end
of the actuating spring, 25, abuts the other end of said spring abutting against a
collar, 20, on the firing pin. The rear end, 26, of the sleeve is of increased diameter
and has formed thereon a forwardly projecting or overhanging arm, 31, which is
under-cut at its forward end, 44, as shewn at 46, Figure 9, to form a recess for
purposes presently to be explained, said arm extending into a longitudinal slot
formed in the rear end of the receiver.
The locking sleeve, 27, has near the forward end of the arm, 31, a depending
lug, 33, that lies in front of the shoulder formed by the enlarged end of the breech
bolt, and in said arm is formed a socket bearing for a locking pin, 40, the rear end
of which projects into a semi-cylindrical recess 42 formed in the enlarged rear
end, 29, of the breech bolt 28. The end, 41, of the pin, 40, that projects into the

page_text: end, 29, of the breech bolt, 28. If the hand lever, 30, is now turned from its
normal or locking position, Figures 2 and 11, to the position Figure 1, both the
breech bolt and firing pin will be moved rearwardly to the position shown in
Figure 9, by the inclined faces, 34 and 37 on which the locking sleeve and hand
lever have bearing, as above set forth. By this partial rotation of the breech bolt
the lugs 35 and 36 will be moved out of the annular locking recess at the forward
end of the receiver, 1 and have bearing on the inclined longitudinal guide faces, c
and d, thereof, the lug, 36, now lying in front of the arm, 49, of the extractor, 47,
so that the latter will also be moved rearwardly together with the breech bolt and
firing pin, thereby starting the empty cartridge shell in the breech of the gun so
that it may be readily withdrawn when the breech bolt is moved rearwardly, which
can now be done.
As the breech bolt is about to reach the limit of its rearward motion the
ejector lever, 51-52, ejects the empty shell out of the receiver through the
slot, r. If the breech bolt 28, after having been moved rearwardly as far as this
can be done, that is to say, until its rearward motion is arrested by the arm, 62* of
the trigger T coming in contact with the lug 35, at the forward end of the breech
bolt, and the said breech bolt is again moved forward, the said lug, 35, will engage
the rim of the cartridge in slot, and carry the same along with it until it
reaches the wider end of the slot, when by reason of the curvature of the
passage, 55, and the outer end of said slot, said cartridge will be guided into the
receiver, and thence into the breech of the gun.
After the breech bolt has been moved forward a certain distance, the full cock
shoulder, 23, on the pull knob, 21 of the firing pin, 20, will contact with the sear, S,
whereby the further forward movement of said firing pin is prevented and as the
breech bolt moves to the limit of its forward motion the spring 25, of the firing pin
is brought under tension by the locking sleeve, 27, against the forward end of
which one end of the said spring bears. The handle or lever, 30, may now be
turned back to its normal or locking position, Figures 2 and 11, whereby a partial
rotation is imparted to the breech bolt, the rear faces of the lugs 35 and 36 at the
same time engaging the rearwardly inclined face or shoulder e, formed by the rear
face of the annular locking recess in the forward end of the receiver Figure 4,
thereby drawing the bolt to its seat and locking the same to and closing the breech
of the gun, the hook, 48, of the extractor at the same time snapping over the rim
or flange of the cartridge in the breech of the gun.
The annular flange, 50, partly cut away at 50° for the accommodation of the
extractor hook 48 and made shallower from a point 50b, to the point 50", Figure 12,
and as hereinbefore described serves as an abutment for the butt end of the cartridge.
When the breech bolt is revolved to unlock the same, by which movement a rear-
ward motion is imparted to said bolt and extractor whereby the empty shell is also
partly moved out of the breech of the gun, the said shallower portion of the flange
acts upon the extractor hook and lifts the same slightly, so that the said hook will
have just sufficient hold on the shell to carry the same along with it when the breech
bolt is moved rearwardly as described, thereby facilitating the ejection of the empty
shell from the receiver.
We will now describe the construction of a straight pull breech bolt adapted for
use with the above described receiver, referring to Figures 14 and 15.
The partial rotation of the breech bolt necessary to the locking of the same to,
or unlocking of the same from, the receiver to open or close the breech chamber, is
effected by a spiral rib, 55, of considerable pitch, formed on the rear end of the
bolt fitting a corresponding groove in the extractor carrier, 43, to which the hand
lever, 30, is secured, or of which it forms an integral part, so that when said
carrier, 43, is pulled backward or pushed forward by the handle, a partial rotation
is imparted to the breech bolt. In Figure 14 we have shown the breech bolt, 28,
in its position when the same is locked to the receiver, and in Figure 15 we have
shown said bolt in its position after the carrier, 43, has been pulled backwards,
thereby withdrawing the locking lugs, 35 and 36 (see also Figure 12) from the

page_text: locking recess in the forward end of the receiver. During this rearward motion
of the extractor carrier the extractor, 47, remains stationary, as it is loosely
connected with its carrier, 43, as herein before described, and as shown in Figure 15,
but as the breech bolt is turned its lug, 36 will be brought in front of the curved
arm, 49 of the extractor, 47, so that when the bolt itself moves back by a continued
pull on the hand lever, the said extractor will be caused to move along with it, and
extract the empty cartridge shell from the breech chamber.
The firing pin, 20, instead of being constructed in sections as described in the
Patent Specification hereinbefore referred to, and as shown in Figure 9, is con-
structed of one piece, its spring, 25, abutting against a collar, 20, on the pin
and against the end of a locking sleeve, 54, connected with the breech bolt as
follows.
In the bore of the breech bolt is formed a longitudinal recess, 58, the forward
end of which merges into an annular recess, 57, and the locking sleeve, 5+, has a
radial lug, 56 that fits into said recess, 57, and locks the sleeve to the bolt.
In assembling these parts the sleeve is so positioned relatively to the breech bolt
that the lug on the former will lie in the longitudinal recess, 58, when the sleeve
can be pushed into the breech bolt until said lug is in register with the annular
recess, 57.
The sleeve and bolt may then be locked together by simply turning
one on the other, so as to cause the lug to enter the said annular recess, 57, the
forward end of the longitudinal recess, 58, serving as an abutment for the lug, 56,
on sleeve 54, and not only prevents said sleeve from being pushed too far into the
bolt but also serves as an index that said lug is in register with the annular
recess, 57.
In order to prevent the accidental rotation of the sleeve within the breech bolt,
and an accidental unlocking of the parts, we form on the enlarged end, 59 of the
locking sleeve, 54, a continuation of the spiral rib 55 on the bolt, said continuation
of the rib fitting in an extension or continuation of the spiral groove in the extractor
carrier, 43, to which the hand lever, 30 is secured, thus locking the bolt and sleeve
against independent rotation in or on each other.
The enlarged end, 59, of the locking sleeve fits into a socket in the handle or
knob, 60, connected with the firing pin, whose end is screw-threaded and carries
an adjusting nut, 61, that has a flange 61 fitting into a recess, 61, in said handle
or knob, whereby the striking point of the pin may be adjusted relatively to the
breech of the gun. The knob 60 has the longitudinal rib, 22 in which is formed
the full cock shoulder 23.
In Figure 16 we have shown a simple construction of cartridge case, composed
of two parts only, which can be made of any suitable material, as for instance,
thin sheet metal. The piece 64, as shown has its opposite sides bent at right angles
to form the side walls of the case, the edges of said side walls being bent inwardly,
or in the plane of the top of the case, to form flanges, 65, for the drawer to slide
on.
The drawer is constructed of a second piece, 63, whose opposite sides and
rear end are bent at right angles to form the bottom and rear wall of the case.
The front end, 66, of the piece, 63, of which the drawer is made, and which
projects beyond the side walls of said drawer, is curved outwardly and upwardly,
so as to cover the open end of the case when said drawer is pushed into the same.
The object of curving the end, 66, of the drawer is to facilitate the emptying of
the cartridges into the magazine, said drawer being partially pulled out of the
case and inserted into the mouth of the magazine, and by turning the case from a
horizontal or nearly horizontal position to a nearly vertical position, the cartridges
will roll out of the drawer into the magazine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. In a breech loading magazine gun, the combination of the magazine having
its feed opening on one side of the gun. a gate for closing the opening hinged to

page_text: the magazine so as to swing downwardly, said gate being provided with a lug, with
a spring actuated feed lever arranged in the magazine and engaged by said lug
and moved outwardly thereby against the stress of its spring when the gate is
opened, for the purposes set forth.
Second. In a breech loading magazine gun the combination with the magazine
having its feed opening on one side of the gun, a gate for closing the opening
hinged to the magazine so as to swing downwardly, said gate being provided with
a lug to engage with a feed lever arranged within the magazine, the said feed lever,
and a vertical pivot for said lever one end of which projects out of the magazine,
said outwardly projecting end being provided with a radial arm, of a convex leaf
spring, having bearing on said radial arm and on the hinge knuckle of the gate,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Third. In a breech loading magazine gun, the barrel, a receiver, and a magazine
open on opposite sides of said receiver, said parts being framed integral, of the side
wall, 2, and a gate for closing said openings, said side wall and gate being
detachably secured to the magazine, for the purposes set forth.
Fourth. The construction of magazine for breech loading gun shewn and
described.
Fifth. In a breech loading magazine gun, the combination with the receiver
provided at its forward end with an annular locking recess, at its rear end with a
rearwardly inclined face 37, and interiorly with two longitudinal bearing faces, c,
and d, of the breech bolt provided at its forward end with two radial lugs, 35
and 36, and at its rear end with a rearwardly inclined shoulder 34, a hand lever on
the said rear end of the bolt normally in contact with the inclined face, 37, of the
receiver, and the firing pin provided at its rear end with a longitudinal rib 22,
having full cock shoulder, 23, normally in contact with the rearwardly inclined
shoulder on the breech bolt, whereby said bolt and firing pin are caused to simul-
taneously move rearwardly when a partial rotation is imparted to the bolt,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Sixth. In a breech loading magazine gun, the combination with the receiver
provided at its forward end with an annular locking recess, at its rear end with a
rearwardly inclined face 37, and interiorly with two longitudinal bearing faces, c,
and d, of the breech bolt provided at its forward end with two radial lugs 35
and 36 and at its rear end with a rearwardly inclined shoulder 34, a hand lever
on said rear end of the bolt normally in contact with the inclined face, 37, of the
receiver, the firing pin provided at its rear end with a longitudinal rib 22, having
full cock shoulder, 23, normally in contact with the rearwardly inclined shoulder
on the breech bolt and an extractor connected with the breech bolt, whereby said
breech bolt, firing pin and extractor are caused to simultaneously move rearwardly
when a partial rotation is imparted to the bolt, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
Seventh. In a breech loading magazine gun, the combination with the breech
bolt enlarged at its rear end and provided in said enlarged portion with a semi-
cylindrical longitudinal recess and a locking sleeve fitted in the rear end of the
bolt, said sleeve being provided with a radial lug, 33, adapted to engage the
shoulder formed by the enlarged end of the breech bolt, and having its rear end
also enlarged and provided with a longitudinal cylindrical bearing, of a locking
pin seated and adapted to revolve in said bearing and extending into the recess in
the breech bolt, the end of said pin that projects into the said recess being semi-
cylindrical, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Eighth. In a breech loading magazine gun, the combination with the breech bolt
enlarged at its rear end and provided in said enlarged portion with a semi-
cylindrical longitudinal recess, a locking sleeve fitted in the rear end of the breech
bolt, said sleeve being provided with a radial lug, 33, adapted to engage the
shoulder formed by the enlarged end of the breech bolt, and having its rear end
also enlarged and provided with a longitudinal cylindrical bearing, the firing pin
provided with the pull or knob 21, and the actuating spring of said pin having

page_text: bearing on the end of the locking sleeve and on a collar on the pin respectively,
of the locking pin, 40, provided with a semi-cylindrical end, 41, and with a
head, 38, having formed therein a concave recess 38ª said pin having rotary motion
in the bearing of the locking sleeve, and said semi-cylindrical end projecting into
the corresponding recess in the breech bolt, substantially as and for the purpose
set. forth.
Ninth. In a breech loading magazine gun, the combination with the receiver,
the breech bolt provided at its forward end with the locking lugs 35 and 36 and
the locking sleeve, 29, having a forwardly projecting arm, 31, undercut or recessed
at 45 and an extractor carrier provided with a lug fitting into said recess and with
a dovetailed longitudinal groove, of an extractor consisting of a more or less elastic
plate fitted in the groove of the carrier and having an extractor hook at one end
and a curved arm projecting laterally therefrom near the hook end, said lug, 36
engaging said curved arm when a partial rotation is imparted to the breech bolt in
a given direction substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Tenth. In a breech loading magazine gun, the combination with the receiver
having guide bearings, d and c, therein, extending nearly the full length thereof
and a lateral slot, r', contracted at its rear end, of the breech bolt having lugs 35
and 36 at its forward end, said lugs having bearing on and being guided by said
bearings d, c, respectively when the bolt is positioned for rectilinear motion in said
receiver, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Eleventh. In a breech loading magazine gun, the combination with the receiver,
the breech bolt and the locking sleeve, 27, having forwardly projecting arm 31
recessed at 46, of the extractor carrier consisting of a plate, 43, concavo-convex in
cross section, provided at its rear end with a lug, 45, fitting loosely into recess, 46,
and with a longitudinal dove-tailed groove, an extractor consisting of a plate 47,
having a portion thereof attenuated to give it elasticity, the body of said plate
being loosely fitted in the dove-tailed groove of the carrier, and an extractor hook
at the end of the attenuated portion of the extractor, and a locking device to lock
the extractor and carrier against endwise motion independently of said breech-bolt
when the latter is moved back into the receiver, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
Twelfth. In a breech loading magazine gun the combination with the receiver
having guide bearings, d and c, and breech bolt, having at its forward end two
lugs, 35 and 36, guided by said bearings when the bolt is positioned for rectilinear
motion, of the trigger, T and an angular arm or lever, 62, the vertical branch of
which projects into the receiver in the path of the lug, 36, when the breech bolt is
pulled rearwardly to limit the motion of said bolt said trigger being adapted to
actuate the angle lever for the purpose of withdrawing its vertical arm from the
path of the lug for the purpose set forth.
Thirteenth. The constructions of bolt and receiver shewn on the drawings.
Fourteenth. The described cartridge case made of two pieces 64 and 63 fashioned
of suitable sheet material to perform the function of casing and drawer respectively,
the front wall, 66, of the drawer being curved upwardly for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 24th day of September 1892.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.