IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON INTO TYRE BARS, ROUND BARS, SQUARE BARS, AND FLAT BARS, TEE IRON, ANGLE IRON, AND TROUGH IRON
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
SHAW, of Golds Green, West Bromwich, Stailord, Railway-bar Finisher,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing dato at Westminster, the Twenty-first
day of August, One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the twelfth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Richard Shaw, my exors, adшors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Richard Shaw, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Richard Shaw, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the tenn
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON INTO TYRE
BARS, ROUND BARS, SQUARE BARS, AND FLAT BARS, TEE IRON, ANGLE IRON,
AND TROUGH IRON;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
I, the said Richard Shaw, should cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by

page_text: Kichard Shaw, do hereby declare that the hav
and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention consists,―
First, of improvements in manufacturing tyre bars for railway purposes.
Secondly, my Invention consists of improvements in manufacturing round
bars, square bars, and flat bars.
Thirdly, my Invention consists of improvements in the manufacture of tee
iron. And,
Fourthly, my Invention consists of improvements in the manufacture of
angle iron and trought iron.
And all these several improvements have for their object tho application
of certain means of constructing the piles used in rolling such classes of iron
so as to prevent the iron laminating outwards, as is the case when using
ordinarily constructed piles consisting of several plates placed parallel to each
other, and there will be less laminating outward in such classes of iron than
when what are called box piles are used. And in order that my Invention
may be most fully understood, I will proceed to describe the means pursued
by me in constructing piles in carrying out my Invention.
In the manufacture of tyre bars, it will be found, that when these sections
of bars are rolled from piles of iron composed of flat layers placed ono upon
another, or from box piles wherein the layers which compose the sides of the
piles are placed in a vertical position to the top and bottom layers of the pile,
the top and bottom layers of the said piles laminate to and show joints on the
sides of the said bars. In the manufacture of tyre bars for railway wheels
it is important that no edgings out of the layers of the pile should be found
in the flange or on the sides of the tyre bar, for where this is the case there
is a danger of the separation of these layers, when the wheels are in use
upon railways. My improvement in this respect is to obviate this imperfection
in the manufacture of tyre bars.

page_text: Figure 1 shows a pile suitable for rolling a tyre bar, such as is shown
in section at Figure 2, by which arrangement the plate a (which will
constitute the working face) is bent, so that the grain of the iron will not
laminate out at the sides of the tyre bar when produced. The interior con-
struction of the pile may be varied, so long as means are taken for preventing
the laminating out, as explained. In the rolling of flat bars of iron, round
bars, and square bars, I make bollow shapes and forms by bending plates or
flat bars, and then use them in the formation of piles of iron, care having
been taken that there be no joints on the outer surfaces of these flat plates
or bars of iron in the rolling round bars, flat bars, and square bars. The
object, as above stated, in constructing the piles being to bring the lamina of
the iron in the pile to correspond and run even with the shape of the bar
into which it is intended to be rolled, and not for the layers of the piles to
laminate to the sides, as heretofore. Round and square and flat bars of iron
are generally rolled from piles of iron composed of flat layers placed one upon
another in a series of from six to ten plates high, from five to eight inches
wide, and about one inch thick, their length determined by the weight of the
bar into which they are to be rolled. These are for large bars, but if for
smaller bars smaller sizes are used in the pile. Now, when piles of iron
composed of these flat layers or plates are rolled into round and square or
flat bars, it will be found that the several plates or layers which compose tho.
pile will laminate to the sides of the bars and shew their edges and joints,
which is very objectionable and injurious to the strength, appearance, and.
working surface of the bar; and this is what I seek to obviate by my im-
provements by having as few joints on the sides of the bar as possible, and by.
causing the layers of the pile to run with the form of the bar. The following.
section will show my improvements in this respect.
Figure 4 is
an ordinary pile composed of flat layers, the result when rolled
into a square and round bar being shewn in the two sections, Figuro 5;
Figure 6 and 6* show two piles arranged so as to carry out my improvements
in making round, square, and flat bars; in each of these piles bent plates are
used, that in Figure 6 showing only two joints on the outer surface; and
such is the case in respect to Figure 6*; the difference being that the openings
or joints are at the angles in the latter pile, and the results when rolled into
bars are shewn by the five sections, Figuro 7. The interior structure of these
piles may be varied according to the judgment of the workman. In making
the iron for the piles, I first form flat iron plates or bars by rolling, and, by
preference, by the use of three high rolls, such as are shown at Figures 8
and 8*, where the process of rolling from a bloom up to the bent plato

page_text: suitable to be cut up into portions for forming the outer parts of piles, as
shewn, or like shapes of iron may be obtained by the use of two high rolls.
The rolls shown at Figures 8 and 8*, are suitable for making bent plates, such
are used in making the outer surfaces of Figure 6 pile; but the finishing
portion of the rolls will be varied, if bent plates, such as are shown at Figure 6*,
are to be used.
Figure 9 shows another pile similar to that at Figure 6, but arranged for
lighter iron, and the results are shown by the two sections, Figure 10. In
the manufacture of tee iron I employ piles, such as is shewn at Figure 11,
which is similar, except the lower plates, to half of a pile shown at Figure 6*,
and the result, when rolled, is such as is shown at Figure 12.
In making angle iron and trough iron I employ piles, such as is shown
at Figure 13, and the results are shown at the three sections Figure 13*,
Figure 14 showing a section of iron obtained from a pile, as shown at
Figure 6.
In all these cases it will be seen, that by using bent plates I am enabled
to prevent laminating outwards of the grain to a considerable extent, as
compared to what results from the use of piles such as have heretofore been
employed.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would remark, that I do not confine.
myself to the exact details herein described. And I would state, that in
making railway bars I have before, in such description of bars, used piles
having a like character to those now described, the internal arrangement of
such piles having been varied, placing the intermediate plates of iron between
the curved bars in a vertical or in a horizontal position, as deemed most
suitable for the various sections of railway bars which have been manu-
factured from these kind of piles, and the same were used for like purposes,
the laminating outwards of the grain in respect to the manufacture of
railway bars. I do not therefore claim the use of such description of piles
generally under the present Letters Patent, but only the application of such
principle of constructing of piles in the manufacture of the classes of iron
herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Shaw, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Nineteenth day of Feburary, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
RICHARD (L.S.) SIIAW.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Nineteenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid Richard Shaw came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein. contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification. aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-first day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.