Improvements in the Construction of Buildings and Fireproofing of the same.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 24th May, 1892-Accepted, 9th July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Buildings and Fireproofing of
the same.
I, GEORGE HAYES, of 71 Eighth Avenue, in the City and State of New York,
United States of America, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My improvements relate to the construction of walls and partitions for buildings
and consist of a combination of corrugated sheet-metal as a foundation, with metallic
lathing as a facing secured to the foundation and upon which plaster may be applied
and securely held.
And also consist of a combination of corrugated sheet-metal as an interior
foundation with metallic lathing secured to the foundation, both sides thereof, upon
which plaster may be applied and securely held.
And also consist of a construction of walls external and internal, for buildings
with corrugated sheet-metal as a foundation faced with metallic lathing and
plastered.
And also consist of a combination of corrugated sheet-metal-in two sheet form,
or double, that is two sheets of corrugated metal united back to back, as a
foundation and faced with metallic lathing secured to the said foundation and
plastered.
And also consist of a combination of corrugated sheet-metal in triple arrange-
ment, or three sheets thick-with metallic lathing secured thereto as a facing
and plastered.
And also consist of a combination of corrugated sheet-metal in quadruple
arrangement, or four sheets thick-with metallic lathing secured thereto as a facing
and plastered.
And also consist of the combination of corrugated sheet-metal as a foundation
with metallic lathing as a facing thereto and wrought or cast iron as posts,
grounds, casings and the like, the wall or partition so constructed plastered on one
or both sides.
And also consist of the combination of corrugated sheet-metal, metallic lathing
and framework of metal tubing.
And also consist of the combination of corrugated sheet-metal with corrugated
metallic lathing, plastered,-in the construction of buildings.
And also consist of the combination of corrugated sheet-metal as a foundation
with a corrugated metallic lathing secured to the foundation-the lathing
formed with apertures, at intervals throughout, the edge-metal of which is
turned outwards and left standing as tongues, hooks or barbs to grasp plaster
applied thereto.
The herein described construction of walls and partitions of buildings applies
to such as are of a "
portable nature as well as those of a permanent and
enduring character--in constructing them I take corrugated sheet-iron of any
desirable gauge with corrugations running lengthwise or crosswise but preferably
such as have the ridges of the corrugations lengthwise.
I secure the foot of the sheet to any convenient medium but preferably a shoe of
angle iron, channel iron or a specially formed shoe-and the head of the sheet I
secure in like manner-the corrugated sheet-iron constitutes a foundation-when
more strength is requisite for stiffness, or rigidity-or as a supporting medium for
structure or weight above I add another thickness of the corrugated sheet-iron
making a double sheet foundation the two sheets secured together through the
ridges wherever desirable-the ridges of the sheets being the only parts in contact―

page_text: I use for fastenings wire, IVES SOINS
circumstances may dictate.
In similar manner according as more strength, rigidity or supporting power
may be desired I unite three sheets, four sheets or more-making the foundation
single, double, triple quadruple and so as requisite to suit the desired
purpose.
on
Next upon the foundation, corrugated metal whether single double or otherwise
I secure metallic lathing.
I do not confine myself strictly to any special style of metallic lathing but prefer
to use such as may be formed with corrugations or ridges, as such possess more
rigidity than without.
I place such lathing against the foundation with the corrugations or ridges
of the same running transversely to those of the foundation and secure the lathing to
the foundation by screws-wire-rivets or the like-so that the whole is permanently
connected.
In joining sheets for the foundation, for heighth or length-I preferably use
rivets but other means may be used-thus a wall or partition of any desired
heighth, or length may be constructed readily either in the manufactory to be used
elsewhere or in the building where destined to remain permanently-and by skilled
or unskilled artizans.
In constructing an entire building I sometimes use framework of wood but
invaribly cover it with the metal either of the foundation described or metallic
lathing or both so that when plastered the wood is completely covered-but
preferably I construct the framework of the building of iron-wrought-cast or
both as convenient, and according to the requirements-in the form of Tirons,
Hirons, channel irons-rods-tubing, jointed or otherwise united for length, etc.
Lirons or other molded forms I use also for sill or base pieces-heads etc.-but
all such iron work I also cover with the sheet-metal as in the case of wood so that
fire may be kept therefrom.
The corrugated sheet-metal foundation when formed double and united at the
joined ridges or convexity of the corrugations; constitute a species of columnar
construction of great supporting strength which is increased when three, four or
more sheets (in thickness) of the corrugated sheet iron are united similarly
while all internal spaces I utilize wherever desirable for ventilating flues,
enclosure for pipes-to pass water, hot or cold-steam, gas-smoke, &c.-in such
spaces speaking tubes, electric wires bell wires etc. may be placed also.
Sometimes between two sheets of the corrugated sheet metal foundation I use a
filling of firebrick or other brick, especially terra cotta or hollow brick, fastening
the sheet-metal to and through the same. Sheet felt may be used instead, or the
spaces inside the partition or other wall may be filled with concrete, mineral wool
or asbestos if desired, to serve as a preventative against cold or heat being
communicated-or sound.
I prefer using a metallic lathing having tongued apertures as being better
adapted for securing plaster and I plaster the walls or partitions either one or
both sides with common plaster or any of the kinds in use-for external surfaces
preferring cement or some compound of which cement is a part.
Walls or partitions constructed as herein described may be used for the entire
building or parts only-as around elevator, light and ventilating shafts-stair-
ways ete. also for Mansard roofs-and for country houses, cottages-barns and
outhouses railway stations, factories, churches and other buildings both externally
and internally and as such walls may thus be made much thinner than by other
ineans while affording rigidity, sustaining power and strength superior to wood
or framework. a great saving of space is effected of great value especially in
crowded cities, which pace being utilized in the rooms enables them to be formed
larger upon a given size of lot-such buildings become warm in winter, cool in
summer fire and vermin proof, comparatively burglar proof and also safe during
earthquakes.

page_text: This manner of constructing buildings is especially beneficial for hospitals, as the
walls do not harbor disease germs.
It is also especially useful for theatres and amusement halls, etc., as curved forms
are readily made-galleries &c. rendered fireproof.
Fireproof and "strong room; inay also be made in like manner of any size as
effectual as a fireproof safe and of greater size at less expense-suitable for offices
or dwellings-muniment and record rooms etc.
The space occupied by sliding door partitions may be materially lessened by this
construction.
The staterooms partitions and other partitions in steamships and other vessels may
be constructed therewith and thereby rendered fireproof and as conveyance of sound
is lessened rendered more private than heretofore.
Railway carriages may also be constructed in the herein described manner and
thus rendered fireproof.
Where no filling is used the dead air spaces within the corrugated metal and
lathing affords a nonconductor as to sound, temperature &c. sufficient for most
purposes.
Doors to internal or external walls may be constructed similarly which will be
fireproof. I make a frame of wrought iron bands or bars-fill in between with the
corrugated sheet iron and face the same with the metallic lathing, both sides or only
one as required-and plaster upon the lathing.
Walls and partitions by this method may be formed in sections and plastered at
the factory and united at the building.
Dated the 1st der of A wil 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Buildings and Fireproofing of
the same.
I GEORGE HAYES of 71 Eighth Avenue in the City and State of New York,
United States of America, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the construction of walls and partitions for buildings and
the erection of fireproof houses and apartments.
And my improvements consist of a combination of corrugated sheet-metal as a
foundation overlaid with metallic lathing upon which plaster, cement or both is laid.
And also consist of a combination of corrugated sheet-metal as an interior founda-
tion with metallic lathing secured to both sides of the foundation.
And also consist of a combination of sheets of corrugated sheet-metal, double
back to back, serving as a foundation with external facing of metallic lathing.
And also consist of the combination of corrugated sheet-metal as a foundation
with tongued and apertured metallic lathing.
And also consist of a combination of corrugated sheet-metal as a foundation with
corrugated metallic lathing as a facing and framework of cast or wrought it on or both.
And also consist of a construction of chimneys and flues of a combination of
corrugated sheet-metal and metallic lathing with internal fire clay lining.
And also consist of a construction of doors of a combination of corrugated sheet-
metal, metallic lathing and suitable framework.
And also consist of a construction of rooms, cabinets or portable fireproof
receptacles of a combination of corrugated sheet-metal and metallic lathing, plastered
outside and inside and provided with fireproof door.
Description of the drawings accompanying.
Figure 1, represents in perspective a piece of corrugated sheet-metal single as a
foundation and upon its reverse face a piece of metallic lathing.

page_text: Figure 2, is a perspective view of the same reversed lathing to the near race.
Figure 3, is a perspective view showing one sheet in thickness of corrugated
metal covered on both sides with metallic lathing, the reverse face fully plastered
and the near face partly covered.
Figure 4, is a horizontal cross section showing two sheets of corrugated metal
faced together-double-as a foundation and externally faced both sides with
metallic lathing and plastered.
Figure 5, is a horizontal cross section showing the foundation composed of two
sheets of corrugated metal, back to back, illustrating another form of corrugations
externally faced with metallic lathing and plastered.
Figure 6, is a horizontal section showing an arrangement of four sheets of corru-
gated sheet metal as a foundation with facing both sides of metallic lathing and
plastered.
Figure 7, is a horizontal section showing two sheets of corrugated metal with a
filling between, as of fire brick or other fire proof material and externally lathed
and plastered.
Figure 8, is a horizontal section showing a portion of the wall of a building.with
angle and also a portion of inside partition illustrating the use of angle iron for
corner, iron stud at the joining of partition with outer wall-channel iron at
exterior doorway and wooden casing at interior doorway-the wall proper composed
of corrugated sheet-metal without metallic lathing outside, but inside faced with
metallic lathing and plastered-the partition formed of corrugated sheet-iron lathed
with metallic lathing both sides and both sides plastered.
Figure 9, is a horizontal section showing the manner of forming partitions for
reception of sliding doors.
Figure 10, is a horizontal section showing the construction of a chimney formed
of corrugated sheet-metal, metallic lathing and internal fire clay flues, all the
lathing plastered.
Figure 11, is a horizontal section of a door formed of corrugated sheet-metal,
metallic lathing and iron framework, the lathing to both faces plastered.
Figure 12, is a perspective view of a cabinet strong room or muniment closet-
formed entire of the corrugated sheet-metal lathed inside and outside with metallic
lathing and plastered externally and internally, and provided with a door of similar
construction.
Figure 13, is a horizontal section showing the construction of the cabinet of
Fig. 12, with door-door border and formation of door jambs.
On the drawings A indicates the corrugated sheet metal which constitutes a
foundation.
It may be formed in any style with any depth of corrugation-and of any desired
thickness.
B, indicates the metallic lathing secured to one face of the foundation and B³ the
metallic lathing where secured to the other face of the foundation.
do not confine myself to one special kind of metallic lathing but avail
myself of any which I may find suitable-but by preference as affording better
security against fire and as having superior strength and stiffness I use the kind
shown in the several figures, notably 1 and 2, this lathing is corrugated
throughout and in the hollows as they appear to the outer face-I form apertures-
the edgemetal of which in forming the same is turned outwards and left standing
in projection as tongues, hooks or barbs to grasp plaster when applied
thereto.
In forming walls, partitions &c. for buildings I place the corrugated sheet metal
foundation edgewise or so that the ridge line of the corrugations vertical-against
the ridge of the corrugations I place the corrugated metallic lathing with the ridge
line of the corrugations horizontal and bolt, rivet or otherwise permanently secure
the lathing to the foundation.
By opposing the vertical against the horizontal corrugations stiffness and complete
rigidity is secured and a wall formed which when plastered is capable of great

page_text: carrying power and more rigid and secure than any wooden wall or partition of
twice its thickness.
Any plaster may be used but for exterior purposes, cement, or some composition
of which it forms a part, is preferable.
Angle irons Hand I irons--bars also Tirons as well as many other forms of cast
and wrought iron, also tubing may be used in combination to afford greater carrying
power and secure suitable frame-as shown at C, but many buildings may be entirely
constructed of the lathing and corrugated sheet iron alone.
In certain cases filling may be used as firebrick, see Fig. 7, at D, set edgewise,
common brick-hollow brick-terra cotta bar iron, also plain sheet iron may be
used between. In Figs. 1, and 2, a single sheet of corrugated sheet iron forms the
foundation and is faced one side with corrugated metallic lathing and a wall or
partition may be so formed-and answer sufficiently well when great strength is not
required.
In building a wall I secure the foot of the sheet to any convenient medium but
preferably a shoe of angle iron, channel iron, or some specially formed shoe, and
the head of the sheet I secure in like manner to any suitable framing.
When more strength is requisite for stiffness or rigidity-or as a supporting
medium for structure or weight above-I add another thickness of the corrugated
sheet iron making a double sheet foundation as in Fig. 4, or, 5, the two sheets
secured together through the ridges wherever desirable the ridges of the sheets
being the only parts in contact.
I use for fastenings, wire, rivets, screws or analogous devices either or all as
circumstances may dictate.
:
In similar manner according as more strength, rigidity or supporting power is
desired, I unite three sheets four sheets or more-making the foundation single,
double, triple quadruple and so on as requisite to suit the desired purpose.
In joining sheets for the foundation for height or length I preferably use rivets
but other means may be used-thus a wall or partition of any desired height or
length may be constructed readily either in the manufactory to be used elsewhere,
or in the building where destined to remain permanently-and by skilled or
unskilled artizans.
In constructing an entire building I sometimes use framework of wood, but
invariably cover it with the metal either of the foundation described or metallic
lathing or both, so that when plastered, the wood is completely covered.
The corrugated sheet-metal foundation when formed double, and united, at the
joined ridges, or convexity of the corrugations constitute a species of columnar and
cellular construction, of great supporting strength, which is increased when three,
four or more sheets (in thickness) of the corrugated sheet iron are united similarly-
while all internal space utilize wherever. desirable for ventilating thues enclosure
for pipes to pass water-hot or cold-steam-gas or smoke-in such spaces speaking
tubes, electric wires-bell wires etc., may be placed also.
Sometimes between two sheets of the corrugated sheet-metal foundation I use a
filling of fire brick as shown in Fig. 7-or other brick-especially terra cotta or
hollow brick-fastening the sheet-metal to and through the same sheet iron-
asbestos, or sheet felt may be used instead, or the spaces inside the partition or
other wall may be filled with concrete, mineral wool, asbestos or other noncom
bustible, if desired, to serve as preventative against cold or heat being communi-
cated- -or sound etc.
I plaster the walls or partitions either one or both sides with common plaster or
any of the kinds in use, for external surfaces preferring cement or some compound
of which cement is a part.
The herein described construction of buildings, applies to such as are of a
"portable" nature as well as those of a permanent and enduring character, and
walls or partitions may be used for the entire building or parts only-as
around elevator, light and ventilating shafts-stairways etc.-also for Mansard
roofs and for country houses-cottages barns and outhouses railway stations
I
+

page_text: factories-churches-and other buildings both externally and internally and as such
walls may thus be made much thinner, than by other means, while affording rigidity,
snstaining power, and strength superior to wood or framework, a great saving of
space is effected of great value especially in crowded cities, which space, being
utilized in the rooms enables them to be formed larger, than when other partitions
are used such buildings become warm in winter-cool in summer-fire and vermin
proof comparatively burglar proof and also safe during earthquake.
This manner of constructing buildings is especially beneficial for hospitals as the
walls do not harbour disease germs.
It is also especially useful for theatres and amusement halls, etc., as curved forms
are readily made-galleries &c - rendered fireproof.
Fireproof and "strong rooms may also be made in like manner of any size as
effectual as a fireproof safe and of greater size, at less expense,-suitable for offices
or dwellings muniment and record rooms, about as shown in Figs. 12 and 13.
The space occupied by sliding door partitions may be materially lessened by this
construction as shown in Fig. 9.
The stateroom partitions, and other partitions in steamships and other vessels may
be constructed therewith, and thereby rendered fireproof, and as conveyance of
sound is lessened rendered more private then heretofore.
Railway carriages may also be constructed in the herein described manner and
thus, rendered fireproof, when no filling is used-the dead air spaces within the
corrugated metal and lathing afford a nonconductor as to sound temperature &c.,
sufficient for most purposes.
Doors to internal or external walls may be constructed similarly which will be
fireproof. I make a frame of wrought iron bands or bars--fill in between with the
corrugated sheet iron, face the same with the metallic lathing, both sides or only one
as required and plaster upon the lathing as shown in Figs. 11, and 13-walls and
partitions by this method may be formed in sections and plastered at the factory
and united at the building.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First The combination of corrugated sheet-metal as a foundation with metallic
lathing placed externally to the same and permanently secured thereto for the
purpose set forth.
Second A wall or partition formed of corrugated sheet-metal as a foundation
faced both sides with metallic lathing secured together and plastered, as set
forth.
Third A wall or partition formed of corrugated sheet-metal-double-back
to back, faced with metallic lathing and plastered all secured together, as set
forth.
Fourth A wall or partition of corrugated sheet-metal, in two lines, or double-
between the same a filling of fire brick or analogous material-and the foundation
externally faced with metallic lathing, as set forth.
Fifth The construction of flues by corrugated sheet-metal externally covered
with metallic lathing as set forth.
Sixth The combination of corrugated sheet-metal as a foundation, with the
line of corrugations running in one direction with corrugated sheet-metal
lathing having the line of corrugations running in a transverse direction as set
forth.
Seventh A door formed of corrugated sheet-metal as a foundation and externally
faced with metallic lathing, as set forth.
Eighth A wall formed of corrugated sheet-metal as a foundation and externally
faced with tongued and apertured metallic lathing, as set forth.
Ninth In the construction of buildings the combination of corrugated sheet-
metal with corrugated, apertured and tongued metallic tathing, as set forth.

page_text: Tenth The herein described combination of corrugated sheet-metal faced with
metallic lathing and iron framework in the construction of buildings as set forth.
Eleventh The herein described method of constructing fireproof rooms or cabinets
as muniment or strong rooms by forming the enclosing wall including top and
bottom of corrugated sheet-metal-faced with metallic lathing and plaster as set
forth.
Twelfth A structure formed entire, all sides bottom and top of the herein
described corrugated sheet metal foundation with corrugated metallic lathing
applied to both sides of the foundation and plastered externally and internally, the
structure having an opening provided with a door, the door also formed of suitable
framework and the corrugated sheet metal foundation externally and internally
lathed with metallic lathing plastered both sides and all combined as shown and
described.
Dated this 22nd do of Anul 1900