A NEW OR IMPROVED FORCE PUMP AND GARDEN ENGINE
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Wyatt Orford, of Lifford, Kings Norton,
Worcestershire, Engineer and Architect, for the Invention of "A NEW
OR IMPROVED FORCE PUMP AND GARDEN ENGINE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Wyatt Orford at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1866.
I, CHARLES WYATT ORFORD, of Lifford, Kings Norton, Worcestershire,
Engineer and Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FORCE PUMP AND GARDEN ENGINE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object a new or improved force pump and garden
engine, and for this purpose I employ a cylinder of any required length and
diameter, to the bottom of which I affix a valve for the inlet of the water, and
to the outside of such cylinder I affix one or more valves as near the bottom
as possible for the exit of the water, these valves being the ordinary metallic
drop valves; but in my Invention the exit valve or valves are entirely sur-
rounded by a confined air chamber, and discharge their contents directly into
such chamber, which said air chamber is closed at the top and bottom, and
completely surrounds the cylinder, the only opening to the outward air being

page_text: through the exit pipe. The water is thus forced out by the compressed air
contained in the air chamber according to the power exerted on the piston.
I prefer that the piston be solid, or as is usually termed a plunger, as by this
means all the back water or water forcing itself between the sides of the
cylinder and the piston is prevented, while the stuffing box placed on the
cylinder head keeps the same from the external air; and I affix the whole
machine by means of a screw formed upon the lower side of the bottom to
any stand which may be approved.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Wyatt Orford in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
WYATT ORFORD, of Lifford, Kings Norton, Worcestershire, Engineer and
Architect, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Charles Wyatt Orford, Her special licence that I, the said
Charles Wyatt Orford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Charles Wyatt Orford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FORCE PUMP AND GARDEN ENGINE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Wyatt Orford, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Wyatt Orford, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of a
force pump and garden engine, whereby there is easier access for the water or
fluid from the cylinder into the air vessel, and therefore greater power obtained.
According to this Invention I employ a cylinder of any required length and
diameter, to the bottom of which I affix a valve for the inlet of the water or
other fluid, and to the outside of such cylinder I affix two or more valves as
near to the bottom as possible for the exit of the water or other fluid; these
valves being metal drop valves, but with the tails cut out as regards the exit
valves, as shewn in the Drawing, to facilitate the valve dropping into its seat;
and to afford freer passage for the water or other fluid, and in my Invention
the whole of the cylinder and the exit valves are entirely surrounded by a
confined air chamber, and discharge the contents of the cylinder directly into
such air chamber, which said air chamber is closed at top and bottom by
cylinder top and bottom, and completely surrounds the cylinder, the only
opening to the external air being through the delivery pipe, which delivery pipe
is introduced into the air chamber as near the bottom as possible. The water
is thus forced out by the compressed air contained in the air chamber accord-
ing to the power exerted on the piston, and I prefer that the piston be solid;
or as is usually termed a plunger, as this form enables me to affix a catch
on to the cylinder head, by which the instrument is more readily carried about;
and I affix the whole machine by means of a screw formed upon the lower
side of the bottom to any stand which may seem fit.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed to describe the Drawings annexed.
Fig. 1 is an elevation, in which A shews the outside of the air chamber;
B, the cylinder head; C, the plunger piston; D, the cylinder bottom; E, the
discharge pipe; F, screw by which the machine is fastened, through which
also the suction pipe is introduced; and G, the catch.
Fig. 2 is a section, in which A, A, A, A, is the inside of the cylinder; B, the
plunger; C, C, C, C, inside of the air chamber; D, the inlet valve; E, one of
the valves for exit; F, the discharge pipe; and G, the catch.
Fig. 3 is a plan, in which A, A, is the cylinder; B, the plunger; D, D, D,
the valves for exit.
Fig. 4 is a section of the valves for exit to a larger scale; A, the cone ;
B, the seat.
Fig. 5 an elevation of the cone.
Fig. 6 is a section of the conc on line A, B.

page_text: Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be carried into effect;
I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be original and therefore
claim as the Invention secured by me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,
First, the general construction and arrangement of force pumps and garden
engines, as herein described.
Second, the use of an air chamber completely surrounding the cylinder of
the pump.
Third, the use of two or more exit valves placed at the bottom of the
cylinder and opening directly into the air chamber.
Fourth, the application to force pumps and garden engines of the particular
form of valve herein-before described in the herein-before annexed Speci-
fication and Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Wyatt Orford, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
CHARLES WYATT ORFORD. (L.S.)