Improvements in Explosion Engines.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Explosion Engines.
1, WILLIAM EDWARD GIBBON, of 96, Military Road, Colchester, in the county
of Essex, Oil Engine Expert, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention chiefly relates to explosion engines of the kind described in the
specification of my former patent No. 10623 of 1894 and comprises improvements
for enabling the piston to receive an impulse at every revolution, in the means
for operating the oil pump, in the construction of the vapouriser, and in the
arrangement for causing the circulation of water through the cooling jackets,
but my improvements are partly applicable to engines of the closed crank-pit
type, or of the kind wherein the front of the cylinder is closed to form a chamber.
According to my invention I make use of a differential piston and cylinder, that
is to say, a piston having a larger area at one side than at the other and a cylinder
bored out to different diameters at the two ends to receive the said piston. I
arrange the larger end of the cylinder in connection with a closed chamber which
may be the crank pit in which the crank works or a chamber on the cylinder so
that at each outstroke of the piston under the force of an explosion the air in the
said chamber will be compressed and forced around into the combustion chamber
to drive out the products of combustion of the previous charge through a port in
the side of the cylinder which is uncovered when the piston is at the limit of its
outstroke, and to mingle with the hydrocarbon vapour for the formation of an
explosive charge. A valve is provided for the admission of air into the said
closed chamber and holes are formed in the cylinder to ensure the filling of the
said closed chamber with air in case the spring of the said valve should tend to
hold the valve.
The oil pump is operated by a groove in the periphery of the crank disc acting
against a lever in connection with the oil pump, and the shield around the
igniter and vapouriser described in my former specification is formed in one piece
with the combustion chamber.
The circulation of the water through the cooling jackets is effected by the use
of a pulsometer operated by the alternate compression and rarefaction of the air
contained in a part of the space at the back of the large end of the piston in the
large end of the differential cylinder.
2000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Explosion Engines.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GIBBON, of-96, Military 'Road, Colchester, in the county
of Essex, Oil Engine Expert, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention chiefly relates to explosion engines of the kind described in the
specification of my former patent No. 10623 of 1894 and comprises improvements
for enabling the piston to receive an impulse at every revolution, in the means
for operating the oil pump, in the construction of the vapouriser, and in the
arrangement for causing the circulation of water through the cooling jackets,
but my improvements are partly applicable to engines of the closed crank-pit
type, or of the kind wherein the front of the cylinder is closed to form a chamber.
According to my invention I make use of a differential piston and cylinder, that
is to say, a piston having a larger area at one side than at the other and a cylinder
bored out to different diameters at the two ends to receive the said piston. I
arrange the larger end of the cylinder in connection with a closed chamber which
may be the crank pit in which the crank works or a chamber on the cylinder so
that at each outstroke of the piston under the force of an explosion the air in the
said chamber will be compressed and forced around into the combustion chamber
to drive out the products of combustion of the previous charge through a port in
the side of the cylinder which is uncovered when the piston is at the limit of its
outstroke, and to mingle with the hydrocarbon vapour for the formation of an
explosive charge.
The oil pump is operated by a groove in the periphery of the crank disc acting
against a lever in connection with the oil pump, and the shield around the
vapouriser described in my former specification is formed in one piece with the
combustion chamber.
The circulation of the water through the cooling jackets is effected by the use
of a pulsometer operated by the alternate compression and rarefaction of the air
contained in a part of the space at the back of the large end of the piston in the
large end of the differential cylinder.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same by
reference to the accompanying drawing, in which :-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of an engine embodying my improvements;
and,
Figure 2 is an edge view of part of the crank disc.
a is the engine cylinder which is of larger diameter at one end than at the
other, and b is the trunk piston working therein, the main part of the trunk being
turned to fit the part of the cylinder of small diameter whilst the end of the
said piston of larger diameter fits in the part of the cylinder of larger diameter
so that a space c is formed behind the said enlarged part of the piston. dis
the enclosed crank pit or chamber communicating with the large end of the
cylinder a the said chamber having on its exterior the lugs or brackets e, e for
supporting the engine upon a suitable bed plate.
f is the combustion chamber, g the vapouriser and igniter, and h the shield
surrounding the said vapouriser, the construction and arrangement of these parts
being substantially the same as described in my said former specification except
that the shield h, instead of being independent of the combustion chamber is
formed in one piece therewith as will be clearly understood by reference to the
drawing.

page_text: sur-
i is a passage formed around the large part of the cylinder a and communicating
with the interior of the crank chamber through the passage i¹, and j is a pipe
which establishes communication between the passage i and a jacket
rounding the combustion chamber, the said jacket in its turn communicating
with the interior of the combustion chamber through an opening . An inwardly
opening valve k is arranged in connection with the opening to prevent the gases
in the combustion chamber from being forced back into the jacket and also to
regulate the ingoing of the compressed air.
Z is a valve which operates in conjunction with a series of openings formed in
the wall of the crank chamber, the said valve being held against its seat by a
spring which will yield under atmospheric pressure.
m is the port through which the products of combustion escape when the piston
is at the extremity of its outstroke."
The operation of the apparatus as thus far described is as follows,
Assume the piston to be at the end of the instroke and an explosive charge in the
combustion chamber to be ignited; as now the piston moves through its out-
stroke under the force of the explosion the air in the crank chamber d is com-
pressed by the piston, the compression, however, is not sufficient to force the
valve k from its seat owing to the greater pressure which exists in the combustion
chamber; when, however, the piston has moved so far on its outstroke that the
port m is uncovered the pressure of the air contained in the crank chamber is
sufficient to open the valve k against the pressure of its spring, so that the air
passes the said valve and drives out the whole or part of the products of com-
bustion from the combustion chamber and the cylinder through the exhaust port m;
at the same time gas is being formed in the vapouriser which gas issuing out at
the top of the shield mingles with the air and forms a combustible charge.
When on the instroke under the momentum of the fly wheel or crank disc the
exhaust port m is again covered the combustible charge in the cylinder is com-
pressed and forced into the igniter g and fired; at the same time the air in the
crank chamber is rarefied so that the valve Z opens under the atmospheric pressure
and allows air to enter the crank chamber ready for compression on the next
outstroke of the piston.
As the pressure of the spring would prevent the complete refilling of the
crank chamber with air at atmospheric pressure, I form in the, walls of the
cylinder a a series of openings a, n which, when the piston has, or nearly, com-
pleted its instroke, are uncovered to place the interior of the large part of the
cylinder and the crank chamber in direct communication with the atmosphere.
This arrangement ensures a full charge of air being taken into the crank chamber
for compression during the outstroke of the piston.
It will thus be seen that at each instroke of the piston the crank chamber is
filled with air which on the next outstroke of the piston is compressed ready, when
the outstroke is completed, for forcing out the products of combustion of the
previous charge and for again charging the cylinder with fresh air and gas for the
next explosive charge.
o is the oil pump the plunger p of which is operated by a lever working in
a recess in the plunger and fixed to one end of a shaft r, the other end of which
carries a levers provided at its free end with a roller running in a groove t¹ in
the periphery of the crank disc the said groove being formed in a manner,
which will be readily understood by reference to Figure 2, so as to impart a
slight oscillation to the lever s at each rotation of the crank disc.
is the valve arranged in the manner described in my former specification in
conjunction with the vapouriser for admitting the oil under the action of the
pump o.
e is a pulsometer which I advantageously employ for causing a circulation of
water through the water jacket, el being the suction pipe, the suction valve,
the delivery valve, the delivery pipe, which is connected to the cylinder water
jacket, and an air chamber. The pulsations for working the pulsometer are

page_text: obtained by connecting the space behind the enlargement 61 of the piston with
the chamber w of the pulsometer by a pipe .
When during the instroke of the piston the openings, to the space e are
closed by the large end 61 of the piston, the small quantity of air imprisoned in
the space c is compressed to force the water in the chamber w and pipe of the
pulsometer to pass the delivery valve, and when on the outstroke of the piston
the air in the said space c is slightly rarefied before the openings n. n are uncovered
the suction valve is thereby lifted to admit water into the chamber w and pipe r
which is forced out under the next compression and so on.
10
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I deolare that what I
claim is:
1. In an explosion engine the combination of a differential piston and
cylinder, a closed crank chamber, a valve for admitting air into the said chamber,
an opening or openings from the outer air through the cylinder into the chamber
uncovered by the piston when at the end of its in-stroke, and a passage for con-
ducting the air compressed in the chamber into the combustion chamber,
substantially as described
2. In an explosion engine the combination of a differential piston and cylinder, a
combustion chamber, an igniter and vapouriser projecting into the said combus-
tion chamber and having a shield around it formed in one piece with the said com-
bustion chamber, a closed chamber in communication with the said combustion
chamber, a valve for admitting air into the closed chamber and an opening or
openings for ensuring the complete filling of the said chamber with air at
atmospheric pressure, substantially as described.
3. In an explosion engine having a differential piston and cylinder, a pulsometer
connected with the space (c) between the back of the larger end of the said piston
and the cylinder, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
4. In an explosion engine having the cylinder, combustion chamber and
vapouriser arranged as shewn, a shield such as h around the said vapouriser formed
in one with the walls of the combustion chamber, substantially as described.
5. In an explosion engine having a disc arranged in a closed chamber, a groove
formed in the periphery of the said disc and serving to operate an oil pump,
substantially as described.
1 T 1007
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.