Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Aor., 1895-Accepted, 31st Aug., 1895
Poly Bagi.
I, ALBERT AUGUST KRYSZAT, of Aschersleben, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a rotary engine driven by steam, gas or other fluid and
provided with a number of inlet and outlet ports situated between teeth-like
longitudinal rails or ridges on the periphery of the piston and rotary valves, acting
also as abutments, the steam or other actuating fluid being thus utilized in such
manner that, at each revolution, the piston works partly at full pressure and partly
with expansion; consequently the working is not only very uniform, but the
consumption of steam or other fluid, is most economical.
The steam-inlet ports (presuming that steam is to be the actuating medium) are
in direct communication with the chests of said rotary valves. The engine is
started, stopped or reversed by correspondingly turning a three-way-cock. in
connection with the chest of one of the rotary valves. Outlet ports, corresponding
in number to the inlet ports, are provided in one of the cylinder walls, such
outlet-ports communicating with two annular pipes arranged on the outer end
plate of the cylinder. These two pipes are connected by means of a three way
cock and fulfil the functions of exhaust pipes, the one as exhaust for the forward
working and the other for the backward working of the engine; one therefore
is always cut off while the other is acting as exhaust. The three-way cock
for reversing the engine is connected by any suitable means with the three-
way cock through which the steam is admitted; consequently on turning one cock
the other is simultaneously turned accordingly.
Referring to the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-vertical section of the motor,
Fig. 2 a longitudinal section on line 1-1 Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a back view,
Figs. 4-9 are diagrams showing the relative positions of the rotary valves and
teeth or ridges of the piston during rotation.
Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate, in cross and longitudinal sections respectively a modified
construction of the engine.
The motor consists of a cylinder C, in which rotates the piston K keyed onto the
shaft w, the whole being enclosed by the end plates D, D.
Teeth ko to ko, on which the steam acts, are arranged at equal distance apart on
the periphery of the piston and parallel to the shaft w. The rotary valves S°, S¹, S*
are mounted in the wall of the cylinder, which is suitably strengthened or enlarged
at such parts. These valves serve at the same time as abutments and are made of
cylindrical cast bodies provided with two longitudinal grooves or channels of
suitable cross sections, an exact engagement of the teeth and valves thus resulting.
These rotary valves are driven from without the cylinder by cog-wheels mounted
on their shafts, and engaging with a cog-wheel keyed on the main shaft w; the
circumferential velocity of the piston to that of the rotary valves, in the example
shown in the drawings, is 1 : 3. This relation of the piston to the valves is
determined by the number of valves and teeth employed.
Longitudinal slots connect the grooves with the space inside the valves and serve
as steam inlet ports.

page_text: The steam is admitted to the rotary slides in the following manner :
Ports e, of the form shown in Fig. 2 and arranged opposite each other, are
provided in the enlarged parts of the cylinder wall. The valve chests are so
connected by pipes., common to all (Figs. 1 and 2) that the pipes ³ com-
municate with the valve ports e', e, el and with the ports e³, e³, e³. The three-
way cock de (Fig. 3) consequently admits the steam into the ports e', e¹, e¹ or,
after being turned the other way, into the ports e³, e, e. Seeing that the three-
way cock de is also connected by lever or other suitable means (not shown in the
drawings) to a cock da the movements of the former are participated in by the
latter and thus the inner exhaust pipe R and the outer exhaust pipe R' are
brought into or out of connection accordingly.
The object of such arrangement is to render it possible to reverse the engine at
will by simply turning cock de.
For engines which always work in one direction, each valve chest is provided
with only one port el, which is connected with passages e¹ of the other two valve
chests by pipe; the three-way cock is then substituted by an ordinary valve and
one of the exhaust pipes R¹ or R³ is dispensed with.
The motor shown in the drawing is arranged for working in both directions, &
operates in the following manner.
The three-way cock de is shown in such a position that steam is admitted into
the ports e, e, el i.e. so that the piston rotates from left to right.
As shown in Fig. 1, the tooth or ridge is just about to be acted on by the
steam entering through the port el; the tooth kthen works with full pressure and
its valve S¹ is just about to close the inlet-port e¹ while the tooth ko, wliose valve S*
has already cut off the steam entering at its port e', works under expansion.
In arranging or adjusting the three-way cock de for the forward working of the
engine i.e. for admitting the steam through ports e¹ the exhaust pipe R' is at the
same time cut out and the exhaust pipe R brought into communication with
passages al; the exhaust steam, therefore, can thus pass off. Immediately the
valve So closes the port the tooth commences its period of working under
the pressure of expansion, such period continuing until said tooth reaches the outlet
passage a', through which the exhaust steam then escapes.
Figures 4 to 9 show the relative positions of the teeth ko, k¹ etc. to the rotary
valves S, S', S' during a complete revolution of the piston.
In Fig. 4, is in the position just before the steam inlet port is closed and
when the period of expansion commences; at the steam is just commencing
to enter.
Fig. 5 The steam is just being cut off at 4° and the period of expansion
commencing; at steam is beginning to enter while
expansion.
Fig. 6 The steam is about to be cut off at 4 when the
commences; at the steam commences to be admitted
expansion period.
is working with
period of expansion
while k° is in the
Fig. 7 The steam is about to be cut off at k¹, when the period of expansion
commences; at steam commeuces to enter while is in the expansion
period.
Fig. 8 The steam is about to be cut off at when the period of expansion
commences; at ³ steam is about to be admitted while ¹is working with
expansion.
Fig. 9 The steam is about to be cut off at when the period of expansion
commences; at kº the steam commences to be admitted while 4 is working with
expansion.
When the piston is rotating in opposite direction, the several relative positions
of the teeth and valves are reversed in exactly the same order as above.
On turning the three-way cocks de and da for reversing the direction of the
piston, the steam passes through the inlet and outlet passages without operating
the motor, when the cocks are only half open; on turning these cocks to the full

page_text: extent, however, the ports e', e', et and a', a', a' are closed and e², es, es as well
as a, a, a opened. The steam now passes from e' to the piston still rotating in,
the opposite direction by virtue of inertia, acts as brake on same, and finally causes-
it to change its direction of rotation. The water resulting from the condensed
steam in the piston is let off by means of a pipe z arranged on the side of the
engine (Fig. 2).
Figs. 10 and 11 show a modified construction of engine, the inlet and outlet of
the steam being regulated by separate or independent valves.
Both end plates are provided with annular passages m (Fig. 11) through which
the live steam is admitted, suitably formed ports n establishing the communication
with the cylinder.
The number of steam inlet ports n, corresponds to the number of rotary
valves S, S', etc., etc., while such ports are oppositely arranged in the two end
plates or covers of the cylinder, hence the respective ports are covered in due
order, and in like manner by the teeth whether the engine is rotating from right to.
left, or in the reverse direction.
The cylinder has double walls, the exhaust steam passing through ports i into
the space o, formed between said walls. The valves open or close the com-
munication of the cylinder with the space o. The outlet ports to the right of
the rotary valves S°, S¹ etc. are closed, and those to the left open, when the piston
rotates from left to right, when rotating in the other direction, however, the ports.
to the right are open and those to the left closed.
This reversal of the engine is effected by shutting off the steam (by means of the
three-way cock de,) entering the cylinder through the left end plate and thus
causing same to enter through the right end plate, it will therefore be evident that
such steam then passes through the before mentioned oppositely arranged inlet
ports n, and causes the piston to rotate in the reverse direction.
The advantage offered by such modified construction is that a very effective
steam jacket is obtained and the regulation of the engine or operation of the rotary
valves is simplified.
It will be evident that any desired number of piston teeth and rotary valves
may be used according to the size of the motor, the power to be developed and the
ratio of expansion of the steam or other fluid; it follows, therefore that the greater
the dimensions of the motor, by arranging a larger number of rotary valves and
teeth or ridges on the piston a considerably more favorable result is attained than.
can be reached with smaller engines of this class.
In order to effect a uniforın working and an economical consumption of steam.
or other fluid employed, it is absolutely necessary either to arrange the rotary
valves at unequal distances apart, or, when such valves are at equal distances.
apart, to provide an unequal or different number of valves and teeth or ridges on.
the piston.
By thus arranging the valves a further advantage is secured viz. that on opening
the three-way cocks de and da the engine starts immediately, no matter what the
position of the piston is, because one of the valves is always in position to directly
admit the steam.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A rotary engine actuated by steam or other fluid, consisting of a piston (C)
whose periphery is provided with teeth or ridges (4°, etc.) on which the actuating
fluid acts in combination with rotary valves (S°, S¹ etc.) acting also as abutments
and admitting the actuating fluid through ports (e or e¹) in such manner that the
piston works partly at full pressure and partly with expansion in every part of its
rotation, substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
2. In combination with a rotary engine, a piston (C) whose periphery is pro-
vided with teeth or ridges, and rotary valves acting also as abutments and admitting

page_text: the actuating. fluid into the cylinder such valves. being arranged at equal distances
apart or, at unequal distances, in which latter case an unequal number of valves
and teeth are provided, substantially as described and' shown in the drawing.
3. In combination with a rotary engine, a piston provided with teeth or ridges,
rotary valves acting also as abutments, exhaust ports (i) of valves (¹) working
independently of the rotary valves, so as to further utilize the exhaust steam by
passing same into a space (o) formed between the double walls of the engine,
substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
Dated the 10th day of April 1895.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
London, Associate Agent..