CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS, IN MACHINES FOR THE MAKING OF PINS, AND STICKING THE SAME INTO PAPER
Year: 1841

page_text: JENKINS' SPECIFICATION....
..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WALKER JENKINS, of Greet, in the Parish. of Yardley, in the County, of
Worcester, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent, Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Walker Jenkins, Her especial licence, full power, sole
privilege, and authority, that I, the said William Walker Jenkins, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, and such others, as I, the said William
Walker Jenkins, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of
Jersey, Guernsey; .Alderney, Sark; and Man,; my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS, IN MACHINES FOR THE MAKING OF PINS, AND STICKING THE SAME
INTO PAPER;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging
me, the said William Walker Jenkins, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal,. particularly to describe and; ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in. which the same is to performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part

page_text: recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Walker Jenkins, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
These improvements in machines for making pins, and sticking the same
into paper, consist, firstly, in a novel construction of mechanism for heading
pins after the shafts have been cut to the required lengths and pointed by any
convenient means or apparatus.
paper
into
Secondly, in a novel mechanism for conducting a quantity of finished pins,
and arranging them in rows or series; also for indenting strips of
forms suited to the reception, or sticking of such arranged rows or series of
pins, and likewise for protruding the said rows of pins into the indented strips
of paper ready for sale.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 represents the heading machine in a
horizontal view, as it would appear when seen from above. Fig. 2 is a sec-
tional elevation, taken longitudinally through the machine in the dotted line a
A, A, of the previous Figure. Fig. 3 is also a sectional elevation, taken
longitudinally in the dotted line B, B, of the same Figure. A longitudinal
elevation of this machine, taken on the opposite side to that of Fig. 3, and
partly in section, is shewn at Fig. 4. A partial horizontal section, taken about
the level of the dotted line C, C, in Fig. 2, is shewn at Fig. 5; and Fig. 6 is a
similar horizontal section taken at the same level, but shewing the working
parts in different positions. Fig. 7 is a partial horizontal section taken about
the level of the dotted line D, D, in Figures 2 and 3. A transverse vertical
section of some of the working parts of the machine is shewn at Fig. 8, which
section is taken in the position of the dotted line E, E, of Fig. 5, looking
toward the right hand of that Figure. Another partial transverse section,
taken about the same line, but looking toward the left hand, is shewn at Fig. 9.
The partial longitudinal section, Fig. 10, represents that part of the machinery
by which the pointed pin shafts are fed into the holder ready to be carried to
the heading dies. This section is taken in the line F, F, of Figures 5 and 6,
shewing the parts in different working positions to those of Fig. 2. The
remaining Figures, which will hereafter be described, represent detached
portions of the parts drawn upon an enlarged scale. In all these Figures of
the heading machine the same letters of reference indicate..the same parts or

page_text: agents. A quantity of pin shafts, cut to the required lengths and pointed, are
fed into the heading machine by being placed parallel, that is, in regular order
in the hopper a (see the section, Fig. 10), their points lying toward the left
hand. The bottom of the hopper a is closed by a stationary plate 6 (seen best
in Figures 6, 8, and 10), in which plate there is a longitudinal groove suited
to receive the shaft of one pin only. On the side of the hopper, lying upon the
stationary plate 6, is a horizontal sliding plate c (seen in Figures 5, 6, and 8),
which plate at intervals is moved laterally through an opening cut in the lower
part of the hopper for the purpose of shutting off the supply, and preventing
more than one pin shaft at a time descending into the longitudinal groove. A
sliding piece or plunger d (see Fig. 10); having a bodkin or needle at its end,
as shown in the detached Fig. 11, lies coincident with the longitudinal groove.
of the plate b. This plunger and needle d is at intervals projected forward for
the purpose of pushing the pin shaft longitudinally from the groove of the
plate 6 into the socket of the holder e, as shewn in Fig. 10, which holder is
represented detached at Fig. 12; the holder e is a cylindrical piece, having a
moveable part or chap attached to it, as shewn separated at Figures 13 and 14,
and a small groove is cut into the holder at the end for the reception of the
point and a portion of the pin shaft, which, when inserted in the holder, is held
fast by the pressure of the chap. This cylindrical holder e is mounted in a forleed
carrier frame f, in which it is enabled to slide longitudinally for the purpose of
drawing the pin shaft out of the groove of the plate b at the bottom of the
hopper, and this carrier frame f is slidden along in a transverse direction for
the purpose of conducting the pin shaft to the heading dies. Figs. 15 and 16
shew the carrier frame f detached, in two positions. It has a guiding
rib g at its under side, by which the carrier frame is enabled to slide to
and fro crossways of the machine, on a slotted bar or rail h, h, shewn
in Figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and 10. By the movement of this carrier frame,
the holder conducts the pin shaft opposite to the jaws of the griping
dies i, i, as shewn in Figures 6 and 8, one of which dies is represented
detached, and in horizontal view, at Fig. 17. The holder e is then slidden
longitudinally, so as to place a portion of the shaft of the pin between the dies,
as shewn by dots in Fig. 6. The dies i, i, are then closed, by which the shaft
of the pin is held firmly, and on the holder being withdrawn, the pin shaft
remains securely in the dies ready to be acted upon by the heading punch k,
shewn in Figs. 3, 5, and 6, and detached at Fig. 18. The holder e, with its
carrier frame, is now slidden back again to its former position, by which a
second holder Z, likewise attached to the sliding carrier f, is brought opposite
to the pin shaft in the dies, and made to take hold of the pin shaft. The con-

page_text: struction of this second-holder / will be seen by reference to the Figs. 15 and
16; the upper jaw of this holder being represented detached at Fig. 19.
This holder consists of a pair of chaps, the upper one being moveable and held
to the lower chap by a slight spring, which allows the chap to rise; and per-
mit's the shaft of the pin to slide in between them- as the carrier frame goes
back. Whilst this. holder remains in the situation described, the shaft being
firmly held between the dies, the end of the punch k is forced forward in the
dies, which upsets the metal at the end of the shaft, and causes it to assume
the form of an imperfect head, as shewn at Fig. 20; the punch k being now
withdrawn, and the dies opened by the lower die descending, the holder / on
the next sliding movement of the carrier frame conducts the pin opposite to
the opening of a socket piece m, shewn in Figs. 5, 6, and 9, and in the detached
sectional view, Fig. 21. The pin being thus situate opposite to the aperture
of the socket m, a horizontal sliding plunger n, Figs. 4 and 5, is brought
forward for the purpose of pushing the pin partially into the socket m, where
it is held as represented in Fig. 6, whilst the carrier is slidden away to repeat
its operations as before upon other shafts. The plunger n is then forced up to
the extent of its action, (the noze of which is shewn in section at Fig. 22,)
and thereby made to compress the imperfect head of the pin into its ultimate
required form, which form is perfected by the recesses in the noze of the
socket m and plunger n, seen in the detached sectional Figs. 21 and 22.
Behind the nose of the socket m, there is a sliding piece o working in a slot
cut thro' the socket, and acted upon by a spiral spring. Into this sliding piece
, the point of the pin having been inserted, the pin, when acted upon by the
heading plunger n, will force the sliding piece back to the situation shown by
dots in Fig. 21, but the moment the plunger is withdrawn from the noze of
the socket m, the spring will cause the piece o to force the pin partially out of
the socket. In this situation, the pin will then be acted upon by a forked
lever p (see Fig. 9), which takes hold of the finished pin, draws it out of the
socket, and lets it fall into a receptacle below.
0,
Having thus described the operations essential to the heading of 'one pin
shaft by my improved heading machine, I proceed to shew the means by which
the several parts of the said machine are worked, or the described agents
actuated to effect the object. A quantity of pointed pin shafts, formed as
Fig. 23, are to be placed in the hopper a (Figs. 8 and 10) in close contact
with each other, all being arranged straight and parallel, and their points in
one direction, that is, toward the left hand in Fig. 10. I will now describe
the general construction of the machine, and its mode of working. A, A, is
the main shaft of the engine, mounted upon a strong, iron frame B, B, B,

page_text: rotary power being applied. to the main shaft by a band and pulley, or other
convenient means; the groove of the cam C first operates against a stud D,
set in the under part of a long horizontal lever E, E, and causes that lever to
be moved from the position shewn in Fig. 5 to that in Fig. 6. To this lever
there is affixed a sort of staple-formed piece F, the rising sides of which act as
tappets upon a small pendant lever G, seen best in Fig. 8. The reverse end of
this pendant lever is connected to the sliding plate c under the hopper, and the
movement of the long horizontal lever E brings the edge 1 of the piece F to act
against the tail of this pendant lever G (see Fig. 8), so as to draw the.plate.c
back far enough to admit one of the pointed pin shafts from. the..hopper into
the horizontal groove of the stationary plate b below; and on the further rotary
movement of the cam C, the plate 6 is. slidden by the lever back again by,the
tappet 2 acting in like manner, so as to close the end of the hopper. A disc H,
fixed on the main shaft (see Fig. 7), has a tappet 3 on its edge, which, by the
rotation of the shaft, is now brought to press against the tail of another small
pendant lever I, connected to the plunger d (see Fig. 10), the action of which
small lever projects the plunger d forward, and causes the bodkin or needle at
the end of the plunger to push the pin shaft out of the groove of the plate b
into the aperture of the holder e, as before explained; at the same time a stud
4, set in the inner face of the disc H, having acted in the angular groove of an
arm K, affixed to a sliding frame L, L, has caused that frame to move toward
the right (see Figures 2 and 10), and in so moving, to slide the holder e for-
ward in its carriage f toward the hopper a, by which means the holder e is
made to meet and to receive the pointed end of the pin shaft. The further
progress of the tappet 4, as. it passes down the angular groove of the arm K,
forces the frame L back again, and with it the holder e (which is connected to
the sliding frame L by a small collar and clip groove.q). By these means the
pin shaft is drawn out from the hopper and is held by the chap of the holder e,
ready to be conducted to the heading dies. The end of the lever: E is con-
nected by a link and spring (see Figures 5, 6, and 9); to the rib g of the
carrier frame f (see Figures 15 and 16), and by the next rotary movement
of the cam C, the lever E causes the carrier frame with the holder e to
be moved laterally, so as to bring the pin shaft held by the holder opposite
to the open dies i; i. When the holder and pin is so situate, another stud 5,
in the face of the disc H (see Figures 2 and 10), acts in the angular groove
of the arm K; and thereby moves forward the holder e, as before, into the
position shewn by dots in Fig. 6. The pin shaft is by these means advanced,
and held by the holder e between the 'jaws of the open dies i, i, ready to be
clipped. The lower chap, of the dies is now to be raised, which is done by the

page_text: agency of a cam M on the main shaft A; as the shaft goes round, the larger
radius of this cam M, seen in Figures 3, 7, and 8, comes into operation
against the lever N, to which the lower chap of the dies i, i, is connected by
links; and on the lever N rising, the chaps of the dies become closed with a
portion of the shaft of the pin firmly held between them, as shewn in Fig. 3.
The holder e is now to be withdrawn from the pin confined in the dies, which
is done by the stud 5 passing down the angular groove in the arm K, whereby
the sliding frame L with the holder e is made to recede into the position
. shewn at Fig. 6, and by the cam C acting upon the lever E, as before
described, the carrier frame f, with the holders e and 7, are brought back again
from their situation in Fig. 6 to that in Fig. 5. In this receding movement,
the spring jaws of the holder have been made to embrace the pointed end of
the pin projecting from the dies, and having thus obtained hold of it, the point
of the heading punch k is to be advanced for the purpose of upsetting the
end of the pin shaft in the dies, as in the detached Fig. 20, and forming
the imperfect head of the pin, as shewn at Fig. 24. This movement of the
punch k is effected by a snail cam O on the main shaft A, see Fig. 3, which,
as it revolves, acts against the tail of a bent lever P, and causes the reverse
end of the lever to project the plunger 8, s, which forces the punch k forward
in the dies i, i. When the head of the pin has been thus far formed, the
plunger s, 8, is drawn back by its spring; the snail cam having escaped from
the lever P, and the lower chap of the dies i having been allowed to descend
k
the smaller radius of the cam M passing under the lever N, the pin is
released from the dies, and remains securely held in the spring clasps of the
holder l, as shewn in Fig. 16. The holder 7 is at this, time situate as shewn at
Fig. 5, but by the action of the cam C, as before, upon the lever E, the carrier
frame is moved onward, which conducts the pins from the dies i, i, and
-punch opposite to the opening of the socket m, and the die of the finishing
punch at the nose of the plunger n, as shewn in Fig. 6. A part 6 of the cam Q
on the main shaft A (see Figures 4 and 8) will now act upon the tail of a
lever R, R, depressing one end of that lever, and raising the opposite end, and
a link S, connected to the end of the lever R and to an infinite lever T, T,
causes the lever T, T, to rise and project the plunger and punch n against the
head of the pin in the holder 1, and to push the pin into the socket m, as seen
in Figure 6; the pin being thus held by the socket m and nose of the punch n,
the holder is now withdrawn by the sliding of the carrier frame f, as before,
into the position shewn at Figure 5, when the elongated part 7 of the
cam Q, by further depressing the end of the lever R, will cause the plunger n
with its punch to be driven up with great force against the end of the pin

page_text: held in the socket m, and, by thus compressing the knob at the end of the
shaft between the two noses or dies of m and n, will complete the form of the
pin head, as seen in Figure 25. On the receding of the punch n, which takes
place as soon as the point 7 of the cam O has escaped from the lever R, the
pin is forced partly out of the socket m by an internal spring (see Figure 21)
acting upon the sliding piece o passed through a slot in the socket m, and to
aid this a bent or hooked lever t, pendant from the side of the stationary part
of the frame B (as seen in Fig. 4), is made to act. The tail of this bent
lever t has an inclined plane, against which a bead v on the end of the plunger
being brought, as the plunger recedes, causes the tail end of the lever to rise,
and consequently its hooked end to press against the sliding collar u, and
thereby to push the collar with the piece o forward, and assist in forcing the
pin from the socket m. When this has been done, the pin is ultimately drawn
out and discharged from the socket m by the forked lever p (see Fig. 9).
This forked lever p is brought into operation at the required time by the
agency of an arm U fixed on the main shaft (see Fig. 4), which arm acts
against a tooth w, pendant from the horizontal rod a, to which the forked
lever P is affixed; as the rod x is then slidden along, a small stud y in its
upper surface moves in a long slot in a plate z, part of which slot being
inclined as shewn in Figures 1 and 5, the rod is thereby turned partly round,
which brings the forked end of the lever p down upon the pin, as shewn by
dots in Fig. 9, and the further sliding progress of the rod æ and fork P draws
the pin ultimately out of the socket and lets it fall into a receptacle below.
The pins having been thus headed in my improved machine, they may be
cleansed and whitened in the ordinary way.
I now proceed to explain the means by which I stick series cr rows of pins
into strips of paper. Fig. 26 represents a horizontal view of the sticking
apparatus; Fig. 27 is a side elevation of the same; Fig. 28 is a. sectional
elevation taken longitudinally or in the same direction as the preceding Figure,
through the dotted line A, A, of Fig. 26; Fig. 29 is a transverse elevation,
partly in section, taken through the dotted line B, B, of Fig. 26; and Fig. 30 is
a similar section, taken a little behind the preceding, in the dotted line C, C:
the same letters referring to the same parts in all these Figures. A hopper a
receives a quantity of pins all placed in parallel positions with their points
5 frontways; this hopper is affixed to a bar b, b, which may be slidden along in the
staples of the frame by hand. A plate c has a series of grooves or notches cut
transversely in its upper-surface, and as the hopper slides over it the pins are
severally let fall and deposited in the grooves of the plate c, as seen in Fig. 26.
A strip of paper is introduced through the long opening d, d, Fig. 26, and

page_text: made to fall over the edges of two ribs e, e. These ribs rise up from the top
edges of a bar fixed in front of the frame f, f, and are notched or indented, as
.shewn in the detached Figure 31. A lever g, attached to the frame as shewn
..in Figure 27, carries a bar h, the grooved and indented edges of which are
shewn in the detached Figure 32. This bar is now to be let fall upon the strip
of paper lying over the ribs e, e, by which means the paper will be crimped into
two indented folds, as seen in the sections Figs. 29 and 30, and the bar h, still
holding down the strip of paper upon the ribs e, e, the series of pins lying in
the grooves of the plate, c, are brought forward by a horizontal lever h, k,
shewn in Fig. 26, and protruded through the folds of the paper, which is
called sticking the pins. The lever k moves upón a fulcrum pin set in the
.frame at i, and is connected by a link to a sliding plate m. When the
lever k, with the link 7 and plate m; are brought forward, the plate c is made
to advance up to the face of the bar e, as. shewn in Fig. 30, by means of a
forked piece n, attached to the plate m, acting against a spring behind the
plate c. By these means the points of the series or row of pins are brought
up to the folds of the paper, and by the further progress of the sliding plate m
bearing against the heads of the pins, they are all protruded through the
indentations or notches of the bars e and h, and through the folds of the strip
of paper in which they are held or stuck. The levers g and k being returned
to their former positions, and the strip of paper shifted, the same operations
are to be again performed, as above described, for sticking another row of pins,
and so on.
In conclusion, I desire it to be understood, that though I have described
and shewn in this my Specification and Drawings certain dies in connection
with my improved machinery for heading pins, yet I do not intend to claim
such dies as new or of my. Invention; but that which I do claim as con-
stituting the particular features of my Invention is, the novel construction
and arrangement of mechanism by which the said dies, carriers, and all other
operative parts of the machine are actuated, as described and shewn in the
Drawings; and also the apparatus by which the pins are placed in series
upon an indented or fluted horizontal plate, and thence protruded through the
folds of a crimped strip of paper by means of sliders, as above described, and
shewn in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Walker Jenkins, have hereunto
set my hand and seals, this Twenty-fourth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
W. W. (L.B.) JENKINS...

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-fourth day of
February, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Walker Jenkins
came before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Iwenty-nith day of February, in the year above written.