IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS FOR FASTENING DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Jackson, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Engineer and Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOLTS FOR FASTENING DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 1st December 1863, and dated the 3rd September 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Jackson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
September 1863.
I, CHARLES JACKSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer
and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS FOR FASTENING DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, AND FOR
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in bolts
for fastening doors, windows, shutters, and for other like purposes, the said bolts
being inserted and fixed in a mortice in the door, window, or other article
instead of being fixed on the surface of the door, window, or other article as
in the ordinary bolt.
In one form of my Invention I make the case of the bolt of a cylindrical
figure, in which said case the bolt slides.. A mortise or opening is made
through the edge of the door or other article with which the bolt is to be

page_text: used, and into the said mortise the bolt case is fixed by a plate on its outer
end being screwed flush with the edge of the door or other article. A longi-
tudinal slot is made in the side of the door, through which slot the knob or
handle of the bolt passes, the said knob or handle working in a slot in a plate
fixed on the side of the door. A portion of the cylindrical surface of the bolt
is cut away, and at the said cut away part a flat spring is fixed; the said
spring bears against the inside of the case of the bolt, and retains the bolt in
any position in which it is placed, and also gives great steadiness to the said
bolt. By moving the said knob or handle in the slot the bolt may be projected
into its staple or withdrawn therefrom at pleasure.
In another form of my Invention I dispense with the cylindrical case of the
bolt, and in place thereof I employ a bent plate, the bent parts of which are
let into the door or other article from the side, the outer bent part and unbent
part of the said plate being fixed flush with the edge and side of the door or
other article. Openings are made in the bent parts of the plate, through
which openings the bolt works, the said bent parts serving as bearings to the
said bolt. A slot is made in the unbent part of the plate in which the knob
or handle by which the bolt is moved works.
By constructing door and other bolts according to my Invention the greater
part of the bolts are concealed in the door or other article, the exposed parts
being the knob or handle by which the bolt is moved, and the plate in which
the said knob or handle works. The said bolts are simple in construction and
readily manufactured..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
JACKSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer and Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Charles Jackson, Her special licence that I, the said
Charles Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Charles Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all

page_text: times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle. of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS FOR FASTENING DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, AND.
FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," upon the condition .(amongst others) that I, the
said Charles Jackson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent. -
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Jackson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in bolts.
for fastening doors, windows, shutters, and for other like purposes, the said
bolts being inserted and fixed in a mortise in the door, window, or other
article instead of being fixed on the surface of the door, window, or other
article, as in the ordinary bolt.
In one form of my Invention I make the case of the bolt of a cylindrical
Figure, in which said case the bolt slides. A mortise or opening is made
through the edge of the door or other article with which the bolt is to be used,
and into the said mortise the bolt case is fixed by a plate on its outer end
being screwed flush with the edge of the door or other article. A longitudinal
slot is made in the side of the door, through which slot the knob or handle of
the bolt passes, the said knob or handle working in a slot in a plate fixed on
the side of the door. A portion of the cylindrical surface of the bolt is cut
away, and at the said cut away part a flat spring is fixed. The said spring
bears against the inside of the case of the bolt, and retains the bolt in any
position in which it is placed, and also gives great steadiness to the said bolt.
By moving the said knob or handle in the slot, the bolt may be projected into
its staple or withdrawn therefrom at pleasure.
In another form of my Invention I dispense with the cylindrical case of the
bolt, and in place thereof I employ a bent plate, the bent parts of which are
let into the door or other article from the side, the outer bent part and unbent
part of the said plate being fixed flush with the edge and side of the door or
other article. Openings are made in the bent parts of the plate, through
which openings the bolt works, the said bent parts serving as bearings to the

page_text: said bolt. A slot is made in the unbent part of the plate, in which the knob
or handle by which the bolt is moved works.
By constructing door and other bolts according to my Invention the greater
part of the bolts are concealed in the door or other article, the exposed parts
being the knob or handle by which the bolt is moved, and the plate in which
the said knob or handle works. The said bolts are simple in construction and
readily manufactured.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in horizontal section a mortise bolt constructed accord-
ing to my Invention fixed in the mortise of a door; Figure 2 is a front
élevation of the same, a portion being in section; Figure 3 represents an
elevation of the bolt separately; and Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 are separate parts
of the same. The same letters indicate the same parts in Figures 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
and 7.
.
a is the cylindrical case of the bolt inserted in a mortise or opening b made
through the edge of the door c. The said case a is fixed in the mortise 6 by a
plate a on its end being screwed flush with the edge of the door c, as
represented in the Drawing. The plate a² is shown separately in front
elevation in Figure 4; d is the bolt sliding in the case a. A longitudinal slot
at e is made in the bolt case and in the door through which the axis f of the
knob or handle g passes, and in which it works. Flush with the side of the
door ca plate h is fixed in a slot h³, in which plate h the axis f works. The
plate his shown separately in front elevation in Figure 5, and the axis f and
knob gare shown separately in elevation in Figure 6. A portion of the
cylindrical surface of the bolt d is cut away, and at the said part a spring i is
fixed by its ends being inserted in the said bolt, as represented. The spring i
bears against the inner side of the case a, and retains the bolt d in the position
in which it is placed, and also gives steadiness to the said bolt. By moving
the knob g in one or other direction in the slot h² the bolt & may be projected
into its staple in the door post 7, or be withdrawn therefrom. Instead of
making the opening in the staple plate m of a circular form, as represented in
Figure 1, it may have the figure represented in Figures 2 and 7, the staple
plate being marked n. By making the opening n in the staple plate n of the
form represented the opening in the said plate is not required to be fixed so
truly in a line with the bolt d as when a plate with a circular opening is used,
and if the door post or door should slightly descend vertically the bolt can still
he projected into the opening without altering the position of the staple plate.

page_text: The width of the opening n³ in the plate n is such that it does not allow of any
lateral motion in the bolt projected into it.
Where the bolt is required to be fixed in its projected and withdrawn
positions I provide the plate h with slots h³, h, at the ends of the longitudinal
slot h, as represented in Figure 8. When the bolt is withdrawn the knob is
depressed, and its axis made to engage with the slot ht: When the bolt is
shot into its staple the axis of the knob is placed in a similar manner in the
slot h. By making the end slots on either side the longitudinal slot ns in
Figure 8 the plate can be used either with a right-handed door or with a left-
handed door. The plate in which the knob works may be made, and the
knob connected thereto in the manner represented in front elevation in Figure
9, and end elevation in Figure 10. In this case a plate o is fixed to the
bottom of the knob q, the said plate sliding on the under side of the fixed
plate p.
The plate o is indicated in dotted lines in Figure 9. The axis
connected to the sliding bolt passes through the moveable plate o, and enters'
an opening in the axis of the knob q. By moving the knob q the bolt can be
shot or withdrawn, the slot på in the fixed plate p being closed by the
moveable plate o in whatever position the knob may be placed. By this
arrangement the knob is prevented from being removed from the bolt and
lost.
Figure 11 represents in horizontal section my Invention as constructed to
be used either as a bolt or as a latch. In this arrangement of my Invention
I place a coiled spring s at the back of the bolt d, which spring tends to press
the bolt outwards and make it engage with its staple k. The outer end of
the bolt is bevilled off as represented. When the bolt d is to be used as a
latch the axis of the knob only slides in the longitudinal slot h* in the plate
h, but when it is used for bolting purposes the bolt may be fixed in its shot or
withdrawn positions by engaging the axis of the knob with the transverse
slots h³, ht, as before explained and represented in Figure 8.
Figure 12 represents in horizontal section, and Figure 18 in end elevation
another arrangement of my Invention. In this form of my Invention I
dispense with the cylindrical case in which the bolt works, and in place
thereof I use a plate t, u, v, of the form represented, the parts u, t, being
fixed flush with the edge and side of the door respectively, and the part v
being placed in a transverse opening made through the side of the door. A
mortise or opening is made through the edge of the door, in which mortise
the bolt w slides. Openings at x, x, are made in the parts u, v, through
which the bolt w works, and by the said parts u, v, the bolt is supported.

page_text: opposite direction the fork with-
Or the axis 3 may carry a pinion
made to engage with a rack on
The front plate t has an opening or slot t, in which the axis of the knob
works. Instead of moving the bolt into or withdrawing it from the staple by
sliding the knob, the said bolt may be moved in either direction by giving the
knob a motion of partial rotation. This arrangement of my Invention is
represented in Figure 14; y is the bolt, the pin y² of which works in the slot
z, in the bolt case 2. On the axis 3 of the knob 4 (indicated in dotted lines).
is a forked plate 5, the fork of which embraces the pin y. By turning the
knob 4 to the left the fork acts upon the pin y³, and shoots the bolt as
represented. By turning the knob 4 in the
draws the bolt, as indicated in dotted lines.
instead of the fork 5, the said pinion being
the bolt y. The knob of the bolt may be fixed when the bolt is shot or with-
drawn by the arrangement represented in Figures 15 and 16, Figure 15
representing a transverse section of the bolt, and Figure 16 a front elevation
of a portion of the same. In the axis of the knob 6 I place a coiled spring 7,
which bears at one end against a flange on the top of the axis 8, and at the
other end against a cross piece 10 fixed to the bottom of the knob 6. The.
said spring 7 presses the knob 6 towards the plate 11 fixed on the side of the
door. At the ends of the slot 12 in the plate 11 transverse slots 13, 14, are
made, the said slots having the figure of the cross piece 10 on the bottom of
the knob 6. When the bolt is withdrawn from its staple the cross piece 10
of the knob is pressed by the spring 7 into the transverse slot 14, and the
bolt is fixed in that position. To shoot the bolt the knob is drawn from the
door so as to lift the cross piece 10 from out the slot 14. This having been
done the knob is then moved along the plate 11 until the cross piece 10:
comes opposite the slot 13, when the said cross pieco 10 is pressed by the
spring into the said slot 13, and the bolt fixed. in its shot position.
I do not limit myself to the cylindrical shape of the bolt and case, as other
forms may be used, but it is more convenient to make them of a cylindrical
figure, as a mortise of that figure is readily made.
Although I have only described my Invention as applied to the fastening
of a door, yet my said Invention is equally applicable to the fastening of
windows and shutters, and for other like purposes.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the
same may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention.
But I claim as my Invention of improvements in bolts for fastening doors,

page_text: windows, and shutters, and for other like purposes, the general arrangements
or combinations of the parts of the said bolts herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Jackson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
CHARLES JACKSON. (L.S.)
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.