A MACHINE FOR DRILLING AND GROOVING THE NAVES OF WHEELS, AND ALSO TO FORCE THE AXLE BOX INTO THE NAVES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jozé Luis, Patent Agent, of No. 1, Welbeck Street,
Cavendish Square, London, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of "A MACHINE FOR DRILLING AND GROOVING THE NAVES OF WHEELS, AND ALSO
TO FORCE THE AXLE BOX INTO THE NAVES."-A communication.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jozé Luis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1858.
I JOZE LUIS, Patent Agent, of No. 1º, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A MACHINE FOR DRILLING AND GROOVING THE NAVES OF WHEELS,
AND ALSO TO FORCE THE AXLE BOX INTO THE NAVES," (a communication to me from
a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:
By means of this machine all the former difficulties disappear, and an
apprentice can not only prepare the grooving work, but can force a nave
in its box, as the only thing required is to place the object on the axis
prepared to receive it, which can be moved and changed according to the size
of the pieces to be worked.
The machine is composed of a frame supported by strong legs, and these
again are fixed on a shaft, which must be longer than the diameter of an
ordinary wheel; it has a third prop or fulchrum in the shape of a moveable
foot; this has a hasp the same as the other legs, which by their size can
receive wheels of a smaller diameter by means of a screw and iron bolts.
A part of the machine is made to receive naves of different sizes, and to
raise or lower then for preparing the grooves according to their diameter; this

page_text: is done by means of two rods, one of which is screw cut. This apparatus is
susceptible of being lengthened according to the length of the naves; this
is done by means of a screw moving in two little tenons, one of which is
attached to the moveable part, the other is fixed to the shaft. A screw of
about eighty inches in length is used to raise or lower the fixing lever
according to the slope which the inner part of the mortice must receive. A
rule divided in equal parts is used for measuring exactly the above-mentioned
slope; it is placed so as to have the lower part in face of the axis on which
the nave to be grooved, either of a large or small diameter, is fixed.
The crank serves alternately to move the wheel auger for making the
grooves, and to move the screw auger; in the first case it is placed on a pinion
in the middle, in the other case the crank is fixed on the right-hand pinion.
When required to force the axle box on the naves, if the wheels are of an
ordinary size, the crank is used on the right-hand pinion, if on the contrary the
wheels are very large, the crank is placed on the left-hand pinion, which is
so arranged as to give the greatest pressure that can be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jozé Luis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOZE Luis,
Patent Agent, of No. 1, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, London, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Jozé Luis, Her special licence that I, the said Jozé Luis, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jozé Luis, my
executors, administrators, and-assigns,-should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "A MACHINE FOR DRILLING AND GROOVING THE
NAVES OF WHEELS, AND ALSO TO FORCE THE AXLE BOX INTO THE NAVES," a
communication, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jozé
Luis, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my

page_text: or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jozé Luis, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
with accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
This machine is for preparing the mortices of the naves destined to receive
the spokes of carriage wheels, to bore or screw cut these naves, to force by
pressure the axle boxes to enter into the screw hole, and lastly to pierce the
iron if required.
By the aid of this machine a boy can do what has hitherto required the
full attention of an intelligent man, viz.-
The preparing the mortices of the spokes of a nave demands great attention,
as each of its notches must necessarily verge towards the centre of the nave.
The perpendicular piercing requires, besides the same care, a considerable
force and several hands.
Dove-tailing or clamping the naves is another operation which requires a
great deal of strength, as it is necessary to use a ram or heavy hammer as
used for driving piles or beams.
By means of this machine all the former difficulties disappear; an apprentice
can not only prepare the grooving work, but can force a nave in its box,
as the only thing required is to place the object on the axis prepared to
receive it, which can be moved and changed according to the size of the
pieces to be worked.
The machine is composed of a frame supported by strong legs, and these
again are fixed on a shaft, which must be longer than the diameter of an
ordinary wheel; it has a third prop or fulchrum in the shape of a moveable foot;
this has a hasp or brace the same as the others, which by their size can
receive wheels of a smaller diameter by means of a screw and iron bolts.
The apparatus destined to carry the wheel auger can be moved on a dial or
frame by means of a lever which mounts or winds up this apparatus when the
wheel auger has made its hole in the nave. This wheel auger is moved by. a
system of wheels by means of a grooved cylinder, on which a cogged pinion
catches, which gives a rotary movement to the wheel auger; this is for the.
motices, which thus prepared by means of three holes made in their lenght
are afterwards easily finished by hand. When it is necessary to pierce the nave

page_text: lengthways to receive the axle to the orifice of the above-mentioned apparatus
is adapted the screw auger, armed with a cog-wheel placed horizontally, in
order to receive its rotary movement of the wheels above mentioned and
of the grooved cylinder; this screw auger is held in the orifice by means of an
adjusting screw. The driving in the axle boxes in the hole of the nave is done
by means of a third apparatus to which the cog wheel serving for the wheel
auger adapts itself, and which consequently receives its movement in the same
manner.
The cog wheel is held on the rod of the apparatus by a screw traversed in
its thickness, by two bolts which pass between the spokes of the wheel, and
renders its movement dependant on that of the rod serving as axle. This rod
rests on the apparatus spoken of above, & is furnished with a metalic rundle,
in order to avoid the friction of the pieces. After having removed the fore-
lock and the rundles, one of which is placed beneath the cog wheel, a rod is
introduced into the orifice of the nave; one of the rundles is then placed at
the top extremity of the nave, the box which is conical enters a certain way in
the orifice, and the fore-lock placed on this box presses with great force,
communicated to it by a system of wheels with fly wheel ad hoc.
A part of this machine is made to receive naves of different sizes, and to
raise or lower them for preparing the mortices according to their diameter;
this is done by means of two rods, the back one of which is screw cut. This
apparatus can be lengthened or otherwise according to the length of the naves;
this is done by means of a lengthening screw moving in two little tenons, one of
which is attached to the three-footed circular uprights, and the other, which
is screw cut, is placed on the beam in a hole made for that purpose. A screw
of twenty-five inches in length is used to raise or lower the fixing lever, when
necessary, that is to say, according to the slope which the inner part of the
mortice must receive. A rule divided in equal parts, used for measuring
exactly the above-mentioned slope; it must always have the lower part in
front of the axle on which the nave to be grooved, either of a large or small
diameter, is fixed.
The part of the apparatus-denominated "the three-footed circular upright
and a false three-foot, are both destined to maintain the nave beneath-the-
fixing lever to be pierced by the screw auger.
A crank serves alternately to move the wheel auger for making the mortices
and moving the screw auger; in the first case it is placed on a pinion in the
middle, in the other case it (the crank) is fixed on a pinion on the right.
When required to force the axle box on the naves, if the wheels are of an
ordinary size the crank is used on the right-hand pinion; if, on the contrary,

page_text: the wheels are very large, it is placed on the left-hand pinion so arranged to
obtain the greatest possible pressure.
An instrument, ad hoc, functioning as a square, serves to put the machine
in place at once without groping.
.
The following part of the apparatus to which the accompanying Drawings
have reference can be applied to the apparatus above explained; it is for screw
cutting the axletrees of carriages and the caps of the axles.
Fig. 1 represents the plan of the machinery fixed to the cross beam B of
the above-described machine by means of two books or fastenings in cast iron;
1, 1, the hooks of fastenings in cast-iron; 2, piece of iron supporting four iron
bolts, also of iron, one part of which is thicker than it is wide, and is penetrated
by as many adjusting screws; 3, bolts supported by the piece 2; 4, screws of
the bolts; 5, adjusting screws, destined to maintain the axles in their places
during the screw cutting; 6, plate or slide of iron pressed by the side
screws 4; 7, axletree placed in the casing or any other cavity; 8, empty
space to be filled by cauls, more or less strong, according to the size of the
axle to be screw cut.
Fig. 2, elevation of a part of the machine representing the parts above
described and the screw cutting apparatus, whose rod is passed through &
held in the forked cushion F. This apparatus receives, like the screw auger,
its movement of rotation from the grooved cylinder J, on which the wheel
of the screw auger catches; 9, screw cutting apparatus in cast iron; 10, screw
tracer fixed to the apparatus by bolts.
Fig. 3, one of the cast-iron hooks seen in side view.
Fig. 4, screw cutting apparatus seen from beneath, allowing the moveable
piece 1, 1, in the notch or opening 12 to be seen, the screw tracer for screw
cutting the caps which during the operation take the place of the axle trees.
Fig. 5, screw cutting & screw tracing apparatus, seen from front.
Fig. 6, the same objects seen from side view during the screw cutting of the
caps of the axles; the false three-foot unhooks itself, and is placed at the top
of the pair of principal rafters.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jozé Luis, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JOZÉ LUIS. (L.S.)