matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Shaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1856.
I, DAVID SHAW, of Gee Cross, in the County of Chester, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for certain "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My improvements apply, first, to a motion for stopping the loom when any
of the warp threads break, or when a float occurs in the weaving, or any other
similar obstruction takes place; and consist, first, in inserting light flexible
tubes between the healds and the ordinary shafts, laths, or rods, over which they
are passed; the tubes extend from end to end of each set of healds, and are
joined together at one side of the loom, terminating in one tube, which is
brought down by the side of the loom. Under the end of this tube I place a
small pair of bellows or similar pneumatic apparatus, to the bottom of which
is secured an arm or lever; to this is imparted an upward and downward action
by means of a suitable combination of levers, which receive motion from the
"slay," or any other convenient part of the loom; by this means the bellows
arc inflated and depressed on the opposite side of the loom. The tubes are
stopped or choked at the required intervals by being encircled with a band or
cord secured to any convenient point above the ends of the said tube by means

page_text: of the alternate rising and falling of the healds. Should either a warp thread
break, or "float" occur, it will cause its corresponding eye or loop of the heald
to be drawn down; this will compress the thin air tube & cause the air in it to
be sent back into the bellows, by which sudden extra inflation a small rod con-
nected with the ordinary stop rod will be raised to meet a projecting stud upon
the slay as it advances, and thereupon release the "stop rod," and thus put
the loom out of gear.
Secondly, in a new method of dividing the healds in certain descriptions of
weaving, such as "ginghams," so as to cause the eyes to be arranged in two
distinct rows or lines, one higher than the other. This is effected by so
arranging two extra laths or rods at each side of the ordinary heald shaft
over which the healds pass, that the two inner threads of the heald shall be
drawn up or shortened, thus causing the one set of loops to be raised higher
than the other.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SCREW WRENCH
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wilson and Charles
Wootton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd September 1856.-A Communication.
We, JOSEPH WILSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun
Maker, and CHARLES WOOTTON, of Birmingham aforesaid, Cut Nail Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED SCREW WRENCH," a communication) to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of a screw wrench, in which the moveable
chap or jaw is secured in its place in the manner hereafter described. The
moveable chap slides on a rectangular bar, on one side of which a deep
depression is formed of a length equal to the range of motion to be given to
the moveable chap or jaw. On the inner side of one of the ribs formed by
the said depression a rack is formed, and a pall or click attached to the
moveable chap or jaw is pressed by a spring upon the said rack, so as to
engage therein; the teeth of the said rack are so inclined that when the
pall or click is pressed upon the said rack the moveable chap or jaw cannot
slide in a direction away from the fixed chap or jaw. When it is wished to
open the screw wrench, so as to increase the distance between the two chaps,
the pall or click is raised from the rack, when the moveable chap or jaw
can be placed at the desired distance from the fixed one. By allowing the
pall or click again to engage in the rack the moveable chap or jaw becomes
fixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CORN
Year: 1856

page_text: This invention receive
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brookes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1856. A communication.
I, WILLIAM BROOKES, of 78, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF CORN," a communication from abroad, to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to means for the removal of the husks from the
grain, and consist in first subjecting the corn for a short time to the action of
water acidulated by hydrochloric acid, by which the husks or outer coating.
of the grain will be capable of easy removal, when dry, on being subjected to
rubbing surfaces.
To prevent the tendency which the hydrochloric acid of commerce may have
to discolour the grain, I mix with the solution hyposulphite of soda.
The rubbing surfaces preferred to be used, and which constitute part of the
improvements, are obtained by a fixed table, grooved on its upper surface, upon
which is placed the corn. Upon this surface are a series (by preference) of
other surfaces, which rotate each upon its own centre, as well as round a
common centre, and there are guides or scrapers, which during the movement
of the upper rubbers operate to place the corn acted upon by one rubber in

page_text: position to be similarily acted upon by the next. The under or rubbing
surfaces of these upper rubbers are faced with vulcanized india-rubber. By
the operation of these rubbers, the corn, previously treated as explained, and
dried, will have the husks entirely removed from the grain.
When it is desired to purify and preserve the corn from insects, mouldiness,
fungi, &c., I employ water, acidulated by hydrochloric acid of commerce,
combined with hyposulphite of soda and cloride of lime.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ellis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April 1856.
I, CHARLES ELLIS, of Stockport, in the County of Lancaster, Throstle
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, to be as follows:-
My Invention applies to that class of machinery for spinning commonly
called or known as "throstles," the same improvements being also equally
applicable to ordinary "doubling frames" or machines, and consist in giving
or imparting a short reciprocating traversing motion or action to the common
strip or band of cloth (called the "drag cloth ") upon which the bobbins bear
and revolve, this "drag cloth" being commonly stationary, and simply laid
upon the lifting or "copping rail." This traversing movement, being simply
for an inch or two backwards and forwards from end to end of the machine,
prevents the bobbins from continuously revolving upon the same spot, and
consequently the drag upon the bobbin is considerably equalised. Instead of
being interrupted by the "drag cloth" becoming either smooth or foul and
clogged with oil, the drag cloth is to be laid upon a thin plate or bar, placed
upon the upper lifting or copping rail, the bar and cloth being slotted to admit
of the spindles passing through, and also to admit of the traversing reciprocating
movement from side to side, and which thin plate or bar is to receive such
movement from any convenient part of the "throstle" or "doubling frame."
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES, GRATES, OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Brookes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1856..
I, GEORGE HENRY BROOKES, of Dalkeith, in the County of Edinburgh, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES,
GRATES, OR FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
I purpose conducting the smoke arising from the fire through an aperture
on each side of the stove, grate, or fire-place, and attach to such openings or
apertures flues or vents for the conducting away of the smoke and for the
increasing and regulating of the draft, which draft will be regulated also by
means of doors or valves in the above-said flues or vents, also by the back
portion of the stove, grate, or fire-place being so constructed as to be moved
backward or forward. The flues or vents will be made of iron or fire brick,
or any other substance, and will be placed either horrizontally, perpendiculaly,
or at any angle, as the case may demand. I purpose that this application of
side flues or vents and moveable back shall act as a remedy for and cure of
smoky chimneys, which same I purpose to accomplish by the before-named
flues or vents and moveable back with all their peculiar arraingments; such
arraingments will have the power of making the upward and downward
currents of air in the chimney assist greatly to carry off all the smoke, and

page_text: in passing off can be made to heat the surface of the stove, grate, or fire-
place.
1 purpose also closing up the space over the fire, usually allowed for the
escape of the smoke, and thus gather together the great amount of heat that
would otherwise escape up the chimney. The contrivance for this object is
also made to open & shut to further increase the draft, if required, also to
allow of the chimney being swept or cleaned.
My Invention, therefore, is for the cure of smoky chimneys in stoves,
grates, or fire-places, and for the better generating of heat in-the-same.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Charles Joseph Leonce de
Combettes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th July 1856.
I, PAUL CHARLES JOSEPH LEONCE DE COMBETTES, Civil Engineer, of Lyon,
Town in the French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of a rotary engine, in which the
centre is open, the steam being admitted into an annular chamber and acting
upon one piston only, fixed upon a wheel keyed to a shaft, through which
power is transmitted; in causing the stop or abutment to rise and allow
passage to the piston, and fall immediately after its passage, by steam let into a
supplementary cylinder at the proper moment by suitable gear worked by the
engine and connected to slide valves; in an arrangement of valves and
passages, whereby the engine may be driven forward or reversed at will, the
steam being in every case admitted through one and the same slide valve, and
allowed to escape through one and the same exit valve; and in packing the
three sides of the piston with spring packing, and in causing the sides of the
periphery of the revolving wheel to revolve round, or carry with them spring
packing, whereby friction will be less than in ordinary rotary engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May 1856.-
A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," communicated to me by Desiré Pourrez,
of Lille, France, to be as follows:-
I propose to substitute the "flier" motion for that of the spindle, which
I expect to effect by placing on the upper extremity of the flier a nut perforated
with a hole, through which the thread is to run, and which is passed on to
a catch or hook on one of the arms of the flier; at the extremity of said arm
is another catch, which guides the thread and imparts it to or feeds the bobbin.
At the centre of the nut aforesaid will be made a spindle working on a pivot,
the extremity of which is to be perforated, being itself fitted in another socket,
which will permit of its being regulated at pleasure.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SLEEPERS AND RAILS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Waite at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1856.
I, WILLIAM WAITE, of No. 156, Cheapside, in the City of London, and
13, Commercial Street, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
SLEEPERS AND RAILS FOR RAILWAYS, to be as follows:-
First, a groved or rabbitted, or groved and rabitted, or both or either
bevelled longitudinal sleeper, wholly or partly made of wood or other suitable
material, and constructed of one or more pieces.
Second, a rectangular iron or other rail, either solid or tubular, adapted to
the above-described sleeper, and fixed thereto by bolts, screws, or other
fastenings.
Third, a peculiarly constructed rail, of iron, or other suitable material, and
being two sides of a square, in form capable of being reversed or fixed with
either of its two outer sides uppermost, having bevelled or other edges, and
otherwise adapted for fixing by bolts, screws, or other fastenings, to the above
described longitudinal sleeper.
Fourth, a square, triangular, or other form of rail, constructed of iron or
other suitable material, to be adapted to such above-described longitudinal
sleeper, and fixed by bolts, screws, or other fastenings.

page_text: And, now, having described what I claini as my Invention, I desire it to be
understood that I do not claim as new any longitudinal wood sleepers, as now
in use, or any construction of iron rails as now used or applied to longi-
tudinal sleepers; but I claim as new and my Invention the before-described
sleeper and rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN WHEELS OR BARRELS AND STOPPERS TO BE USED FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS BY MEANS OF CHAINS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Baxter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1856.
I, SAMUEL BAXTER, of the Minories, in the City of London, Ships' Iron-
monger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CHAIN WHEELS OR BARRELS AND STOPPERS TO BE USED FOR RAISING AND
LOWERING WEIGHTS BY MEANS OF CHAINS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention of improvements in chain wheels or barrels
and stoppers to be used for raising and lowering weights by means of chains,
has for its object to construct the holding part of the wheel or barrel in such
a manner that it will hold the chain firmly and heave it without allowing it
to slip. This object is effected by constructing the wheel or barrel with
curved recesses or indentations in the sides for receiving the links of the chain
edgeways, and alternate flat spaces to receive the links flatways, by which
arrangement the chain will lie close to the holding surfaces when the wheel or
barrel is at work, as the indentations and flat spaces will correspond in shape
to the chain. The length and shape of the links of all sizes of chains are
well known, and therefore there will be no difficulty in making the holding
surfaces to correspond to any chain that may be used.
In combination with the said improved holding surfaces, I propose
employ self-acting guide stoppers and rollers. The guide rollers are grooved
and placed in suitable situations, so as to conduct the chain to the holding

page_text: surfaces of the chain barrel with the links arranged in a proper manner, so
that they will at once lie on the surface of the wheel or barrel, and when
carried round to a certain position the chain will relieve itself. The self-
acting guide stopper, which forms the second part of my Invention, is intended
to be used with the chain wheel or barrel, for the purpose of stopping the
chain and preventing it from running when required. The bottom of the
stopper is grooved to suit the size of the chain; the upright sides also are
to be grooved to receive one, two, or more stops or slides, which are to be
made with inclined or bevilled edges on one side, so that the action of the
chain in passing will lift the stoppers and still allow them to drop in every
space between the vertical links, and so prevent the chain from returning or
running back until relieved by a lever, or other appliance.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN EVER-POINTED' PENCIL CASES
Year: 1856

page_text: SPECIF
Villiam Bush Sellers and Abraham
ert by
Sellers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 22nd September 1856.
We, WILLIAM BUSH SELLERS and ABRAHAM SELLERS, of the firm of John
Sellers and Sons, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manufacturers and
Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN EVER-POINTED' PENCIL CASES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in providing a reserve or magazine for leads at the
mouth or neck of "ever-pointed" pencil cases. We leave space in the centre
or at the side of the reserve for the lead-carrying point to be withdrawn into
or protruded from the case. Our Invention is intended chiefly to apply to such
cases as carry a knife at one end while the point is protruded from the other.
No reserve has been hitherto formed in cases of this description.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Allen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1856.
I, MICHAEL ALLEN, of 39, Cavendish Grove, Wandsworth Road, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the slide valves of steam
engines. For this purpose the ordinary slide valve (which moves over the
steam exhaust ports) is similarly constructed to those ordinarily used, but it
has an opening through it to receive a tube, which is fixed to a sliding plate,
through which an opening is also made. The sliding plate is raised or formed
with projecting edges, so as only to touch or bear all round the edges on the
plate on which it slides. The valve box is divided by a fixed plate, with a slot
through it, to admit of the tube or hollow junction of the slide valve and the
slide plate being moved to and fro. The hollow tube or junction of the slide
valve and the slide plate is at all times open to the exhaust port, so that the
back of the slide plate will at all times be subject to the same state of ex-
haustion as the slide valve. The steam in the valve box will press on the back of
the slide valve, according to the extent of its area, as heretofore, but the steam

page_text: will also press on the inner surface of the slide plate, tending to force it and
the slide valve into the exhausted space at the back of the slide plate, such
space being in a state of exhaust by reason of the tubular or hollow con-
nection above mentioned; and according to the areas pressed on by the steam
in regard to the back of the slide valve and the inner surface of the slide
plate, so will be the degree of force which presses the slide valve to its
seat..
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA
Year: 1856

page_text: ut notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Fowke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1856.
I, FRANCIS FOWKE, of Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex, Captain in
Her Majesty's Corps of Royal Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for AN IMPROVED PORTABLE PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA, to be as
follows:-
My said improvement consists in certain mechanical arrangements, by
means of which the frame of the photographic camera can be brought to lie
close together, and packed in the least possible space.
The bottom, which has usually been employed, is partly dispensed with, by
constructing the front part of the camera in the form of a four sided cone,
made of wood, each side hinged, and differing sufficiently in length to fold
down flat one over the other, so as to be enclosed in a shallow frame. This
peculiar arrangement of the front part has the advantage of giving it sufficient
rigidity to sustain itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRENGTHENING AND PRESERVING WOOD AND TIMBER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Billinton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1856.
I, WILLIAM BILLINTON, of Great George Street, Westminster, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STRENGTHENING AND PRESERVING WOOD AND TIMBER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of treating straight pieces or
baulks of wood or timber, for the purpose of rendering the same stronger
and more durable than heretofore, and consists in exerting mechanical
pressure endwise of the grain or fibres of the wood or timber, either when the
same is green or dry, as in practise may be found most desirable; tho
intention for thus operating upon the wood or timber being to compress,
strengthen, and consolidate the fibres or grain thereof, so as to render the
wood or timber impermeable, and not subject to decay, and by thus operating
upon it, 'to season the same by artificial means in a short space of time, and
in a considerably more efficient manner than the natural means hitherto
adopted for seasoning wood or timber.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND INSTRUMENT FOR APPLYING ARTIFICIAL TYMPANUMS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Yearsley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th November
1856.
I, JAMES YEARSLEY, of Saville Row, Saint James', in the County of
Middlesex, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND INSTRUMENT
FOR APPLYING ARTIFICIAL TYMPANUMS," to bo as follows:-
My present Invention then consists in attaching to a pellet of cotton wool a
piece of silk or other soft thread of about three inches in length. I pass the
free end of the thread through a silver or other tube of small diameter until
the cotton wool is brought against one end of the tube, where it is retained by
the finger pressing on the thread which projects from the other end of the
tube; the cotton wool being then, or having been previously wetted in tepid
water, is introduced at the end of the tube into the ear and moved about gently,
until the patient finds by improved hearing that it has reached the position
intended for it to occupy. The tube is then carefully withdrawn over the
thread, the cotton wool of course being left on the proper spot in the ear. Sv
much of the thread as protrudes is next cut off or turned in the ear, when the
operation is finished. Where desired, the tube may be formed with a small
Look at one end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODES OF ATTACHING BUTTONS TO WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Owen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the 21st April 1856.
I, WILLIAM OWEN, of Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODES OF ATTACHING
BUTTONS TO WEARING APPAREL, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in substituting metallic fastenings for the sewing
ordinarily employed in the attachment of buttons and similar fastenings to
articles of dress.
One mode of effecting this is, by forming the buttons with two or more
shanks of wire, which being passed through the fabric, to which the button is
to be attached, and subsequently through a small plate or washer, and then
spread outwards and pressed down against the plate, so as firmly to secure the
button and prevent its turning round. Or, by forming a small tube on
the back of the button, which tube being passed through the fabric, and
afterwards through a small plate or washer at the back thereof, is bent or
turned down over the plate so as to prevent its return. Or, the tube may be
formed with or attached to the plate or washer, and passed through the fabric
and into a hole in the centre of the back of the button, inside of which is a
cone-shaped piece of metal, on to the apex of which the end of the tube is
pressed, and is expanded, and thus prevented from returning, and secures the
button.
AN IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL MANURE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Money at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th November
1856.
I, EDWARD MONEY, of 14, St. James' Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ARTIFICIAL MANURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in compounding into a mixture, constituting an
improved artificial manure or fertilizing agent, certain ingredients, matters, or
substances not heretofore employed in combination in such manufacture.
The ingredients which I employ, and the relative proportions of each, are as
follows:-
To 10 parts by weight of pulverized coal (Newcastle, by preference), I add
5 parts of caustic lime in the state in which it leaves the kiln. To these I add
5 parts of common salt and 1 part of sulphuric acid. The above ingredients I
mix and incorporate together in the following order and manner:-I first
place the lime, the salt, and the coal in a suitable vessel, and let them remain
therein for about one month, the salt being first mixed with about its own
weight of water. At the end of this time I then thoroughly mix and incor-
porate the above-mentioned ingredients together by stirring, and then add

page_text: thereto 1 part of sulphuric acid, which I pour thereon. It should here be
observed, that as in practice the above mixture would be too compact for use,
I propose to mix therewith, say, about 3 parts of dung, or other suitable
substance.
PRODUCING OXIDE OF ZINC FROM ITS ORES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Darlington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1856.
I, GEORGE DARLINGTON, Minera, near Wrexham, Denbighshire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for PRODUCING OXIDE OF ZINC FROM
ITS ORES, to be as follows, that is to say:―
My Invention consists in taking the ores of zinc, either blende (sulphide of
zinc), culamine (carbonate of zinc), or any of the other varieties of zinc ores
whatever, and introducing them either into a blast or reverberatory furnace.
The ores are to be mixed as it may be found necessary with any or all of the
following substances, lime, limestone, tapcinder, or any natural or artificial
product yielding silicate of iron, silica, or any siliceous matter, oxide of iron, or
iron and coke, or anyother suitable carbonaceous matter. The ores and a
suitable admixture made of any or of all of the above-named substances being
placed into a reverberatory furnace, or mixed with the fuel of a blast furnace,
are to be exposed to a sufficient degree of heat to create the necessary chemical
reactions to ensure the production of oxide of zinc. The furnace in which such
oxide of zinc is to be produced is to be so constructed that it shall allow the
oxide of zinc to be passed into any apparatus whereby the oxide of zinc to
which this Invention relates is to be converted into metallic zinc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time, prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1856.-A communication from Emile Weber Bleck.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The Invention, which forms the subject of the present application, consists in
the application to all kinds of spinning machinery of what the Inventor calls
a "whistle," which is somewhat similar to the tube employed in machinery for
spinning cotton, and to that used in carding engines for carding wool. In
these two applications the tube is employed for compressing or consolidating
all the filaments of a sliver, in order to give it sufficient consistence without
the necessity of twisting, which in some cases is injurious to the quality of the
thread. This tube is also mounted on a hinge joint, which admits of its rising
and following the surface of the bobbin as its diameter increases by the yarn
being wound thereon. In the improvement, which constitutes the present
Invention, the tube, on the contrary, is mounted between the drawing rollers
and front roller in such a manner that it can neither risc nor fall.
The "whistle" is composed of a tube, provided with a pulley, which is

page_text: actuated by means of a band driven in any convenient manner. This tube is
mounted in a fixed bearing or support, and at about the middle it is provided
with a pin, which passes through it, and offers an obstruction to the passage
of the sliver in a straight line. As the sliver passes through the tube it is
necessarily bent out of the straight line by the pin which passes across the
tube, and to this latter a rotary motion is communicated by means of the
pulley and strap above mentioned. By means of this obstruction the sliver is
obliged to turn with the tube, and therefore is vigorously twisted between the
drawing rollers and the obstructing pin; but when it passes beyond this latter
the twist comes out of the sliver, so that when the sliver arrives at the front
rollers there is no twist in it, and it is ready to receive the proper amount of
twist from the bobbin and flyer.
This whistle or tube serves to prevent the fibres of the yarn from rolling
round or envelopping the drawing roller or pressing roller. It also serves to
cause all the filaments of the sliver to be incorporated therewith, and to take
up and solidify all the down which might otherwise project from the surface of
the sliver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Raywood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1856.
I, ROBERT RAYWOOD, of Penistone, in the County of York, Stone Dealer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAYS, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the rails used in the permanent way of railways,
and consists in forming the same of two parts, each having a T-shaped head
or edge formed upon it, so that when they are placed together the two will
constitute a continuous rail, having a section corresponding to those now in
general us; by this means the necessity of what is usually known and termed
the "fish joint" will be obviated. One arrangement I have found to answer
is as follows:-Suppose, for instance, two bars of any convenient length, and
suitable in width, &c., each having, as before mentioned, a T-shaped head or
edge; these bars have also grooves or slots formed in such a manner, that
when they are placed side by side one edge of one will take into the groove
of the other, by this means securing them so as to form the rail, as above
mentioned. If necessary, the two parts formed as above may be united by
means of bolts or other suitable apparatus.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CIGAR HOLDER
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Solomons and Edwin Lander
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
24th January 1856.
:
We, JOHN SOLOMONS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant,
and EDWIN LANDER, of Birmingham aforesaid, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED CIGAR HOLDER,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a new or improved cigar holder, by the use of
which a cigar may be smoked without the said cigar being held in the mouth.
Our said cigar holder is constructed as follows:-We make a foot or stand of
any suitable substance, and attach to the said foot or stand, by screwing or
otherwise, a small tube-like vessel, open at top and closed at bottom. The
opening in the said vessel is of a size and shape which fit it for the reception
of a cigar. In the side of the said vessel is an opening, to which is attached
one end of a vulcanized caoutchouc or other flexible tube, the othe other end
of the said tube carrying or being formed into a mouth piece. When it is wished
to smoke a cigar while writing, or reading, or otherwise so occupied as to render
it inconvenient to hold the cigar in the mouth, the said cigar may be placed in
our cigar holder, and smoked by holding the mouth piece with the lips.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING AND WASHING OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE 'SOAPING OF PRINTED FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ormerod at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th September
1856.
I, the said JOHN ORMEROD, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Bleacher,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING AND WASHING OR CLEANSING TEXTILE
FABRICS AND MATERIALS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE 'SOAPING OF PRINTED FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements upon that machine for which Letters
Patent were granted to James Wallace, junior, dated 25th April 1855, or
to other machines, in which a rotatory chamber or chambers are employed, with
or without steam, and within which the goods to be treated are placed. The
object of the present Invention is to prevent the entangling or massing together
of the said goods, in order to effect which I place them in separate portions
upon pegs, rods, or other such apparatus adapted to the revolving chambers.
Another arrangement consists in causing the goods, applied in separate portions
as above described, to revolve within stationary chambers, the processes being
conducted with or without steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Obed Blake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1856.
I, OBED BLAKE, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS," to be as follows:-
Instead of the methods usually employed for casting and annealing glass
(more especially that description of glass called plate glass), and to ensure an
economy of both space and fuel in the manufacture, I propose to cast the con-
tents of a pot of metal at intervals, but direct from the pot thus:-After casting
one sheet of glass from a portion of the fused metal, I quickly remove it from
the casting table while in its soft state into an annealing kiln, casting other
sheets and removing them in like manner until the contents of the pot shall
be exhausted, or, if need be, continuing the operations until the whole of the
metal (in pots) in a furnace shall be used up. To prevent adhesion of
the plates to each other, while in the annealing kiln, I place any suitable
material between each of the plates as they are piled on each other.
MENTS IN CUTTING OR SHAPING TROWSERS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1856.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of Upper Terrace, Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CUTTING OR SHAPING TROWSERS, to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in cutting trowsers with the front and back part
of each leg in one piece, and so as to do away with the seams on the inside of
the legs, & thereby avoiding the cross seams in the fork or crutch. In order to
give spring over the boot, an inside leg seam may be carried up to about the
knee for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING, SIZING, AND BEAMING YARNS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Binns at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th May
1856.
I, JOSHUA BINNS, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Spinner and
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING, SIZING, AND BEAMING
YARNS," to be as follows:-
Instead of the usual processes of winding the warp threads from the bobbins
on to the warping mill, then balling them into a warp, then passing the warp
through a sizing machine, and afterwards to a beaming machine, I propose to
finish the said operations all at the same time, as follows:-I fix the bobbins in
creels, collect all the threads from the bobbins to form the warp, I fix opposite
the creel, in a frame, a size trough, with one or more revolving rollers. At a
little distance from the size trough, and on the same frame, I fix any number
of drying cylinders, and a little distance from the cylinders I fix the beam. I
pass the warp threads direct from the bobbins through the size trough, the
rollers aforesaid keeping the warp immersed in the size; from the size trough
the warp passes over the drying cylinders, and from thence to the beam, so
that the operations of warping, sizing, and beaming are completed by one
apparatus and one set of hands, instead of three, as heretofore.
A PNEUMATIC SIGNAL APPA- RATUS, AND MODE OF WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Harris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th December
1856.
I, JOSIAH HARRIS, of Frodsham, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A PNEUMATIC SIGNAL APPA-
RATUS, AND MODE OF WORKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of an air pump or centrifugal fan worked from off
the axle or the wheel of a carriage by an eccentric or pully and strap, or
worked by hand, whereby air is forced into a chamber. Connected with the
chamber is a pipe, having at the end a whistle, trumpet, or other sounding
instruments, which can be used at pleasure.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOLDING MATERIAL DURING THE OPERATION OF SEWING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Herts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July 1856.-
A communication.
I, ABRAHAM HERTS, of 22, Bunhill Row, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR HOLDING MATERIAL DURING THE OPERATION OF SEWING," a com-
munication, to be as follows; and consists of two plates of metal or other
suitable material, of bivalve configuration, united and working on a hinge or,
pivot at or near their centre, sufficiently apart, that by pressing them together
on one side the opposite end or side is opened to permit the insertion of one
end of the material to be sewn between the edges of the bivalve plates, which
are then closed, so as to hold it as in a vice, by a spring at the opposite end.
Any form or design may be given to the plates, for instance, that of a bird,
a butterfly, or any other suitable to the purpose.
The apparatus is arranged to be screwed to a table or other piece of
furniture, and may be provided with pincushion, bobbin-holder, or other
accessory.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ARRESTING THE DESCENT OF CAGES OR CORVES IN THE SHAFTS OF MINES, WHICH MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO STOPPING THE FALL OF WEIGHTS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Joseph Emery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1856.
I, FRANCIS JOSEPH EMERY, of Cobridge, in the County of Stafford,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MEANS OF ARRESTING THE DESCENT OF CAGES OR CORVES IN THE SHAFTS OF
MINES, WHICH MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO STOPPING THE FALL OF WEIGHTS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of side toothed racks, in mounting
upon the cages or corves toothed wheels, which turn loosely in the racks when
the cages are being lowered in the proper manner; in fixing upon the axes of
the toothed wheels ratchets or toothed pinions, and over them pauls, which
upon the breaking of the rope or chain by which the cage is being lowered
become engaged in the ratchets, consequently hold the toothed wheels stationary
in the side racks, and stop the further descent of the cage. Two side racks
and two toothed wheels will be found sufficient, but, if desired for further
security, there may be four racks and four wheels, one for each corner of
the cage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE- PLACES FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Maudslay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1856.
I, JOSEPH MAUDSLAY, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-
PLACES FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in so constructing the fire-places of steam boilers
as to admit of the introduction of a blast or blasts of air for the combustion
of the fuel directly into the fire-place from the sides or otherwise, instead
of admitting currents of air through the fire bars, as in common use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY CANS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grieve at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th November
1856.
I, JOHN GRIEVE, of Bank Park, Parish of Tranent, County of Haddington,
Colliery Proprietor and Fire-clay Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY CANS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in chimney cans are represented in the Drawing annexed.
Fig. 1 is an external view of the part of the can fixed to the top of the
chimney, and Fig. 2 is a section of the same on a,b; Fig. 3 is the external
part of the can, which is fitted to the part Fig. 1, as shown dotted.
In this example the can is represented as being circular, but it may be
hexagonal, octagonal, or of any other suitable form. The part Fig. 1 is fur-
nished with rests c, c, c, on which the shield, Fig. 3, rests, and is retained in
position; d, d, are openings for the passage of the smoke, which may either
pass up or down to escape from the shield. The top of Fig. 1 is closed by a
moveable cover e, and prevents any down draft descending the chimney. I
make these cans of earthenware.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEASURING THE HUMAN FIGURE, AND IN FITTING GARMENTS THERETO
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alan Stewart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January 1856.
I, ALAN STEWART, of 85, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, and
of 18, Rue de la Paix, Paris, France, Consulting Mechanical Surgeon, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEASURING THE HUMAN FIGURE, AND IN FITTING GARMENTS THERETO," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a system or mode of facilitating the obtainment of
tailors' measurements of the human figure, so as to insure exact fitting of the
garments to be made for each individual. According to this system, skeleton
pattern portions of the intended garments, as coats, trousers, are primarily
prepared, and applied to the parts of the human figure to which they corre-
spond. One set of these skeleton sections answers for all sizes of the figure;
the discrepancies between each figure and the sectional pattern portions are
marked off upon the pattern pieces, so that the actual form and position of all
the parts of the body to be fitted are at once obtained. After the measure-
ments and relative positions are thus marked off, the garments can be made to
fit with absolute accuracy to the human figure without any risk of misfits, as
arising from the existing system of combined measurement of the parts, and
guessing at their relative positions.
This Invention applies also to dress-makers' measurements for ladies' dresses
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS, AND IN THE METHOD OF SECURING THE RAILS TO THE SAME
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April 1856.
I, JAMES JONES, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS,
AND IN THE METHOD OF SECURING THE RAILS TO THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My said Invention is chiefly applicable to joint chairs, but may be adopted
with advantage to single chairs as well. I raise the bed of the chair a little in
the centre, so that the centre of the rail only bears upon the said raised part,
thus forming a partial bedding instead of a solid one, as is now generally
adopted. By this partial bedding, when the rail is turned upside down there
will be no shoulder left on it, as in the present case. In jointed chairs, I pass
two screw bolts through the side of the chair and the rails, so that one bolt
passes through near to the end of one rail, and the other bolt passes through
near to the end of the other rail, thus keeping the joint perfectly tight, and
preventing the ends of the rails rising or lifting from the chair. For the
purpose of tightening or wedging the rails in the chair I introduce a wedge
or fish when necessary; or I form a shoulder on one side of the chair, so
that it can be screwed up with the rails and form a perfectly tight joint.