IMPROVEMENTS IN STALL-DIVISIONS AND OTHER DEVICES OR FITTINGS FOR USE IN STABLES, COW-HOUSES, OR OTHER BUILDINGS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Alexander Hanna and Thomas Foulkes Shillington,
both of Musgrave and Company Limited, Ann Street Iron Works Belfast in
the County of Antrim Ireland and 97 New Bond Street in the County of
Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STALL-DIVISIONS AND
OTHER DEVICES OR FITTINGS FOR USE IN STABLES, COW-HOUSES, OR OTHER
BUILDINGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Alexander Hanna
and Thomas Foulkes Shillington at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 13th October 1882.
JOHN ALEXANDER HANNA, and THOMAS FOULKES SHILLINGTON, both of Musgrave
and Company Limited, Ann Street Iron Works, Belfast in the County of Antrim,
Ireland, and 97 New Bond Street in the County of Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STALL-DIVISIONS AND OTHER DEVICES OR FITTINGS FOR USE IN STABLES, COW-
HOUSES, OR OTHER BUILDINGS."
Our invention relates to improvements in various kinds of devices or apparatus,
which are chiefly designed for use in stables, and are ordinarily termed stable-
fittings, although partly applicable for any buildings in which animals are housed
or kept, and partly for dwelling houses and the like.
One part of our said invention relates specially to what are termed "sills," which
are usually made of iron and are designed to receive and hold the lower edges of
the wooden boards forming the divisions between stalls or similar enclosures.
These sills are ordinarily made with a longitudinal groove or channel at the upper
part thereof, into which the lower edge of the match-boards or other pieces of wood
enter, the wood filling up the whole of the space; the effect of this construction is
that there is no ventilation for the wood, and, moreover, the moisture which finds
its way into the groove has no means of escape therefrom, so that the wood soon
becomes rotten and has to be replaced. The object of this part of our present
invention is to obviate these inconveniences by providing means whereby the air
may have free access to the wood, and whereby an escape will be provided for any
LD CIT

page_text: liquid which may enter the sill. We accomplish this result in the following
manner, that is to say, we provide a sill which has therein the ordinary groove or
channel for the reception of the ends of the boards, but, instead of so forming this
groove that the wood will entirely fill the same, we make the said groove or
channel of such shape that the wood will occupy only a portion of the same, leaving
a free and unobstructed channel underneath the edge of the board, through which
channel the air will circulate, and into which any liquid will fall, escaping there-
from through openings provided at intervals. The lower channel or groove is
narrower than the upper one, and shoulders are provided in such a manner that
the wood will rest thereon.
Another improvement relating to this part of the said invention consists in
making the sill of greater height than is usual (say about twice the ordinary height)
so as to prevent the moisture on, or about, the floor from gaining access to the
wood. The part of the said sill below the aforesaid lower channel or groove is
made preferably in the form of a single web or plate either in a continuous piece
or with portions cut away at intervals.
According to another modification of this part of our said invention we make the
sill with two parallel sides, instead of the single central web, and in this case the
internal groove or channel may be so arranged that it will have an inclination
longitudinally to facilitate the discharge of any liquid that may have collected
therein.
The air-channel under the wood, in our improved sills, may be continued through
the pillar which is usually placed at the end of each division, and also through the
wall at the other end to the open air, the openings being protected by suitable
gratings; when the sill is made with parallel sides as above described the liquids
may be allowed to run off through openings in the said sides.
When the said improved sill is used in connection with the stall division
described in the specification of former Letters Patent granted to us the twenty
ninth day of March A.D. 1878, No. 1250, the opening or connection is made, not
only with the pillar but with the vertical ventilating chamber formed in the
division, by which means a current of air is introduced under the wood. A short
piece of one side of the upper groove is made movable to enable the wood boards
to be replaced if injured, in the manner already practised.
To provide means for arranging all or part of the wood in the division in a
horizontal position we provide a vertical rail with one or two grooves and ventilating
channels to connect the sill with the middle or top rail. One side of this vertical
rail is made loose for the purpose of removing or replacing the boards if necessary.
Our improved sill is also made suitable for ventilating and preserving the wood
linings on the walls. A sill or device to be used for this purpose is so made that
it will represent, in transverse section, practically one half of the transverse section
of the sill as made for use with the stall divisions as above described, and is fixed
against the wall below the wood linings, the edges of which rest upon a projection
below which there is a space between the sill and the wall; openings are provided
through the said half sill to allow the air to circulate in the space below the
boarding for the purpose already described.
Another part of our invention relates to improvements in feeding troughs and is
designed to provide means whereby they can be filled without any necessity for
the stable-man or attendant to enter the enclosure in which the animals are
confined, and also can be turned over for cleaning out. The trough is made
partly cylindrical, that is to say, it would be a complete hollow cylinder but for an
open portion or mouth which is left to provide for placing the food in the trough
or removing it therefrom, and to afford access to the animals' head in feeding.
This trough is mounted on a pivot at each end in the division between the
enclosure and the feeding passage. The said mouth or longitudinal opening is
made narrower than the diameter of the cylinder to prevent the animal throwing
out the food; the trough thus constructed can be readily turned into the enclosure
for feeding, or outwards to be filled or cleaned; this trough may be made to

page_text: revolve simply by the band, and a pin or other suitable arrangement provided to
fix it in the desired position; or it may be provided with a worm and worm-wheel
at the end, so arranged as to cause the trough to revolve.
According to a modification of this part of our invention, we cast on each end of
the said trough a spur wheel or pinion which gears into corresponding racks fixed
in the division or enclosure at right angles to the trough. On revolving the trough,
as above described, by hand, it will thus be caused at the same time to advance
or recede according to the direction in which it is turned.
Another part of our present invention relates to improvements in combined
ventilators and windows of the class described in the specification of former Letters
Patent granted to James Musgrave the 25th day of September 1867, No. 2698 and
has for its object to provide improved means for ensuring the balancing of the
hinged sash in whatever position it may be desired to place the same. In carrying
this part of our said invention into practice, instead of the counterpoise described
in the said former specification we provide a lever pivotted to the frame of the
said ventilator and having a balance weight at its free end. The chain from the
hinged sash is attached to the weight at the end of the lever so that as the sash
moves forward and thereby exerts more force or power in proportion to its
inclination from a perpendicular position, it raises the lever and balance weight
from a perpendicular position in a corresponding proportion, and thus a constant
equilibrium of force is maintained which has the effect of more perfectly balancing
the sash than was heretofore practicable. By another modification of this part of
our invention we balance the binged sash of the ventilator by means of a single
balance weight and chain as described in the said specification of former Letters
Patent No. 2698, but instead of causing the chain to pass through a simple groove,
it is, according to our present improvement, made to pass over an excentric pulley
having attached thereto another excentric pulley to which the other end of the
chain is secured, and these pulleys and chains are so arranged as to balance the
sash by causing the weight to exert more power as the sash falls forward, and thus
maintain an equilibrium.
It is obvious that this ventilating sash may be applied to dwelling houses or other
buildings, as well as to stables and like structures.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Alexander Hanna and Thomas Foulkes Shillington in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th April 1883.
JOHN ALEXANDER HANNA and THOMAS FOULKES SHILLINGTON, both of Musgrave
and Company, Limited, Ann Street Iron Works, Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Ireland, and 97 New Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STALL-DIVISIONS AND OTHER DEVICES OR FITTINGS FOR USE IN STABLES,
COW-HOUSES, OR OTHER BUILDINGS
"
Our Invention relates to various kinds of devices or apparatus chiefly designed
for use in stables and ordinarily termed "stable-fittings," although partly applicable
for any buildings in which animals are housed or kept, or for dwelling houses and
the like.
One part of our said Invention relates to what are termed "sills," which are
usually made of iron and are intended to receive and hold the lower edges of the
wooden boards forming the divisions between stalls or similar enclosures. These
Bills are ordinarily made with a longitudinal groove or channel at the upper part
thereof, into which the lower edges of the match boards or other pieces of wood
enter, the wood filling up the whole of the space; with sills constructed in this
manner, there is no ventilation for the wood, and, moreover, the moisture which finds
its way into the said groove has no means of escape therefrom, so that the wood
soon becomes rotten and has to be replaced. The object of this part of our present
Invention is to obviate these inconveniences or defects by providing means whereby
the air may have free access to the wood, and whereby an escape will be provided
for any liquid which may enter the sill.
In the accompanying Drawing we have illustrated how our said Invention may
be conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a transverse section showing a sill made in accordance with our
Invention.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional elevation of part of the said sill.
Figures 3 and 4 are transverse sections of modifications thereof
Figure 5 is a side elevation of a portion of a sill and part of a pillar to which it
is secured.
Figure 5a is a longitudinal section of the same.
Figures 6 and 7 are transverse sections of different forms of vertical rails or
bars to be used in combination with our improved sills.
The remaining Figures are hereinafter referred to.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the drawing.
A represents the sill which has therein a groove or channel a for the reception
of the ends of the boards b, but, instead of so forming this groove that the wood
will entirely fill the same, we make the groove or channel as shewn in Figure 1,
so that the wood will occupy only a portion of the same, leaving a free and unob-
structed channel a', underneath the edge of the board, through which channel the
air will circulate, and into which any liquid will fall, escaping therefrom through
openings provided at intervals. The lower channel or groove a¹ is narrower
than the upper one, thus forming shoulders in such a manner that the wood will
rest thereon.
Another improvement comprised in this part of our said Invention consists in
making the sill of greater height than is usual (say about twice the ordinary height)
so as to prevent the moisture on, or about, the floor from gaining access to the
wood. The part of the said sill below the aforesaid lower channel or groove is,
for this purpose, made preferably in the form of a single web or plate d, either in a
continuous piece or with portions cut away at intervals.

page_text: According to another modification of this part of our said Invention we make the
sill with two parallel aides d', d³, as shown in Figure 4, instead of the single central
web; and in this case the internal groove or channel may be so arranged that it
will have an inclination longitudinally to facilitate the discharge of any liquid that
may have collected therein. When the sill is made in this manner openings c', c'
may be made in the said sides to permit the escape of liquid.
The air-channel under the wood in our improved sills may be continued, as shewn
in Figures 5 and 5ª, through the pillar which is usually placed at the end of each
division, and may also extend through the wall at the other end to the open air,
the openings being protected by suitable gratings.
When the said improved sill is used in connection with the stall-division
described in the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to us the twenty
ninth day of March AD. 1878, No. 1250, the opening or connection is made, not
only with the pillar, but with the vertical ventilating chamber formed in the
division, by which means a current of air is introduced under the wood.
A short piece of one side of the sill adjacent to the upper part of the groove a is
sometimes made removable to enable the wood boards to be replaced, if necessary,
in the manner heretofore practised.
To provide means for arranging all, or part, of the wood in the division in a
horizontal position, we provide a vertical rail B with one or two grooves and
ventilating channels, as shown in Figure 6 or in Figure 7, to connect the sill with
the middle or top rail. One side of this vertical rail is sometimes made loose as
shown in Figure 6 for the purpose of removing or replacing the boards if
necessary.
Our improved sill is also made suitable for ventilating and preserving the wood
linings on the walls. A sill or device to be used for this purpose is shewn in
Figure 3, and is so made that it will represent, in transverse section, practically
one half of the transverse section of the sill made, as shown in Figure 1, for use
with the stall divisions. This modified form of sill is fixed against the wall below
the wood linings, the edges of which rest upon the projection or shoulder of the
sill, below which there is a space or channel a' between the sill and the wall;
openings c are provided through the said sill to allow the air to circulate in the
space below the boarding for the purpose above specified.
Another part of our Invention relates to feeding troughs and is designed to
provide means whereby they can be filled without any necessity for the stable-man
or attendant to enter the enclosure in which the animals are confined, and whereby
the said troughs can be turned over for cleaning out.
These troughs are mainly intended for use in piggeries or kennels but may be
used in enclosures for other animala.
This part of our Invention is illustrated in Figures 8 to 15 of the Drawing.
Figure 8 is a plan, partly in horizontal section, of our improved trough.
Figures 9, 10 and 11 are transverse sections showing the same in different
positions.
Figures 12 and 13 represent a sectional side elevation and an end elevation
showing a device for rotating the trough.
Figure 14 is an end elevation of another form of device for a similar purpose,
and
Figure 15 is a sectional side elevation illustrating the application of a hand-wheel
to the trough.
The trough C is made of cylindrical form with a longitudinal opening or mouth,
as shewn, to permit the food to be placed therein or removed therefrom, and to
afford access for the animal's head in feeding. This trough has a pivot e at each
end mounted in a suitable bearing in the division between the enclosure and the
feeding passage. The said mouth or longitudinal opening is made narrower than
the diameter of the cylinder to prevent the animal throwing out the food; the
trough thus constructed can be readily turned into the inclosure for feeding, as
shewn in Figure 9, or outwards as shown in Figure 10 to be filled or cleaned, or it

page_text: may be turned over as shown in Figure 11 for the purpose of emptying it. This
trough may be made to rotate simply by hand, or it may be provided with a
worm fand worm-wheel g at one end, as shewn in Figures 12 and 13, and so
arranged that the trough can be caused to rotate by turning the spindle h to which
the worm fis secured; a pin or other suitable device is provided to secure the said
trough in the desired position.
According to a modification of this part of our Invention illustrated in Figure 14,
we cast on each end of the said trough a spur-wheel or pinion i. These pinions gear
with corresponding racks k fixed in the division or enclosure at right angles to the
axis of the trough. On rotating the trough, as above described, it will, at the
same time, be caused by the said racks and pinions to advance or recede according
to the direction in which it is turned. In this Figure we have also illustrated a
catch which we sometimes employ for securing the trough in the desired position.
In some cases we attach a hand-wheel m to the trough, as shewn in Figures 14
and 15, for the purpose of turning the same.
Another part of our present Invention relates to combined ventilators and
windows of the class described in the Specification of former Letters Patent granted
to James Musgrave the 25th day of September 1867, No 2698, and this part of our
Invention has for its object to provide improved means for ensuring the balancing
of the hinged sash in any desired position.
Figure 16, is a front elevation of a combined ventilator and window with our
improvements applied thereto.
Figure 17, is a transverse section of a modification thereof.
Figure 18, is a transverse section, and
Figure 19 a front elevation, of a further modification thereof.
S
Figure 20 is a transverse section of another form or modification of the same.
In carrying this part of our said Invention into practice, instead of the counter-
poise described in the said former specification, we provide a lever D (Figure 16)
pivotted to the frame E of the said ventilator and having a weight Fat its free
end. The chain end from the hinged sash G is attached to the weight F at the end 3
of the lever, so that, as the sash moves forward and thereby exerts more force in
proportion to its inclination from a perpendicular position, it raises the lever and
weight from a perpendicular position in a corresponding proportion, and thus a
constant equilibrium is maintained and the sash is more perfectly balanced than
with the devices heretofore employed.
A modification of this part of our Invention is shown in Figure 17, in which the
chain n is attached to a weight F¹ adapted to roll or slide upon the guide o which
is so formed that, as the weight descends thereon, the strain upon the chain
decreases, the weight being more effectually supported by the said guide the nearer
it is to the lower end of the same.
According to another modification of this part of our Invention, illustrated in
figures 18 and 19, we balance the binged sash of the ventilator by means of a
single weight and chain, as described in the said Specification of former Letters
Patent No 2698, but, instead of causing the chain to pass through a simple groove,
it is, according to our present improvements, made to pass over an excentric pulley p 4
attached to, or formed integrally with, another excentric pulley p' to which the
other end of the chain is secured, and these pulleys and chains are so arranged as
to balance the sash by causing the weight to exert more power as the sash falls
forward and thus maintain an equilibrium.
In the modification shown in Figure 20, the chain n passes over a pulley q and t
the lever D is pivotted to a bracket r projecting from the frame E.
It is obvious that this ventilating sash may be applied to dwelling houses or
other buildings as well as to stables and like structures
Having thus fully described our said Invention and the manner of performing
the same we wish it understood that we claim :-
First. The improved sill having the air-channel or groove and the openings for
the escape of liquid, substantially as described with reference to either of the

page_text: modifications represented in Figures 1 to 5° of the Drawing for the purpose
specified.
Second. The combination, with our improved sill, of the vertical rail or bar
constructed substantially as described with reference to Figure 6 or Figure 7 of the
Drawing, for the purpose specified.
Third. A feeding trough constructed substantially as described and arranged to
turn in suitable bearings (with or without the devices for rotating the same) all
substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Fourth. The modification of our improvements in feeding troughs substantially
as described with reference to Figure 14 of the drawing.
Fifth. The improved devices for counterbalancing the hinged sash, substantially
as described with reference to either of the modifications illustrated in Figures 16,
17, 18, 19 and 20.
In witness whereof I the said Thomas Foulkes Shillington for myself and on
behalf of the said Jobn Alexander Hanna have hereunto set my hand and
seal this ninth day of April in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty three."
THOB F SHILLINGTON
(L.S.)