IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATION
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HORATION
BLACK, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the eleventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Horatio Black, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence,.
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Horatio Black, my
exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Horatio Black,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years thercin
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATION;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that I, the said Horatio Black, should cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled
in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Horatio Black, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:
My Invention consists of improvements in supplying steam and other
boilers with water by causing the same to circulate through a succession of
hollow fire bars made of wrought iron, brass, copper, or malleable cast iron,
before the same enters the boilers. And in order that the Invention may be
most fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe
Figure 1 snews the plan or a set of nro pars.
Figure 2 shews a section of two pipes and two screw sockets by which the
pipes are combined. The pipes or tubes are to be made of wrought iron, or of
brass, of copper, or of malleable cast iron, in order to obtain the requisite
strength. a is the water supply pipe through which the water is forced into the
tubes b, b, constituting the fire bars of a furnace, the pressure in the boilers con-
trolling the quantity of power requisite for forcing water through the tubes or
pipes into the boiler. The water, in the arrangement shewn, enters the two
middle bars b, b, and then circulates to and fro through a succession of bars
till the water in a highly heated state enters the boiler by the two pipes c, c.
I would however remark, that it is not essential that the water should be
divided into two streams, as the whole supply may pass into one bar b, and go
through the fire bars 6 in the same direction, or more than two divisions of
bars may be used when for large furnaces. By this arrangement it will be seen
that the supply of water to a boiler will be through a very considerable extent
of heated fire bar, as the water does not go direct to the boiler, but passes to
and fro under the fire till it becomes bighly heated, by which means
evaporation of the water will be greatly improved. d is a cock on the supply
to regulate the quantity admitted, and e is a pipe with a cock on it, to be
opened when the supply to the boiler is not going on, otherwise the heat of the
fire would tend to force the water out of the tubular bars; but it will be found
that when the supply is constant the circulation into the boiler will prevent
such a result, and when the supply into the boiler is stopped, then the back
flow of water caused by the opening of the pipe e will by a small escape of
water keep up such a circulation in the tubular bars 6 as to prevent the water

page_text: being driven out of the bars 6 when the supply to the boiler is stopped. The
above arrangement, as described, is suitable either for high-pressure or low-
pressure boilers, but generally for low-pressure boilers. I cause the supply pipe
a to have a rising pipe with a small cistern at the upper part, such rising pipe
being fixed near the force pump; and I place a valve over the entrance of
the water into the cistern. The valve preventing the water from flowing
from the cistern to the boiler, by the valve being weighted, causes a pressure.
sufficient to force the water into the pipe a, and thence through the hollow bars
b, b, into the boilers, the quantity admitted to the boiler being regulated by
the cock on the pipe a; by which arrangement the water forced into the pipe a
will flow into the boiler so long as required, but any excess will pass up the
rising pipe into the cistern, and from the cistern, when still in excess, it will
pass away by an overflow pipe; by which arrangement the boiler will at all
times work subject to the column of water in the rising pipe and cistern; and
it should be stated that between the rising pipe and the pipe a there is to be
a valve, which opening inwards towards the boiler admits of water in that
direction, but closes against any flow of water back from the boiler.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that what I claim is
the mode of supplying water into steam and other boilers by causing it to pass
through a succession of hollow fire bars made of wrought iron, brass, copper,
or malleable cast iron, and thus greatly improving evaporation.
In witness whereof, I, the said Horatio Black, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.
HORATIO (L.s.) BLACK.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourteenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid Horatio Black came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.