IMPROVEMENTS' IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bulmer, of Middlesboro, in the County of
York, Agent for the Manufacture of Bricks and Tiles, and Isaac Sharp,
of the same Place, Land Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS' IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 14th October 1856, and dated the 5th May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bulmer and
Isaac Sharp at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th May 1856.
We, WILLIAM BULMER, of Middlesboro, in the County of York,. Agent
for the Manufacture of Bricks and Tiles, and ISAAC SHARP, of the same Place,
Land Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES' FROM PLASTIC
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of a revolving arm or arms, of
any suitable shape, working in a chamber beneath or connected with a pug!
mill, for the purpose of pressing the clay or other plastic material from: such?
chamber after its passage from the pug mill; and in the introduction of a
series of piñs or guide rods; attached to a bar or bars within the moulds,.
to steady the clay or other plastic material in its passage, either direct from

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Bulmer and Isaac Sharp in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th November 1856.
:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BULMER, of Middlesboro, in the County of York, Agent for the Manufacture
of Bricks and Tiles, and ISAAC SHARP, of the same Place, Land Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS IIer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said William
Bulmer and Isaac Sharp, Her special licence that we, the said William
Bulmer and Isaac- Sharp, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said William Bulmer and Isaac Sharp, our exccutors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES,
AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that, we, the said William Bulmer and Isaac Sharp, or one of us, or
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner, the same
was to be performed, and cause, the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent..
:
NOW KNOW YE; that we, the said William Bulmer and Issac Sharp, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly. described and ascertained in and

page_text: by the following statement thereof, reference, being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed (that is to say):-
:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of a revolving arm or arms,. of
any suitable shape, working in a chamber beneath or connected with a pug
mill, for the purpose of pressing the clay or other plastic material from such
chamber after its passage from the pug mill; and in the introduction of a
series of pins or guide rods, attached to a bar or bars, within the moulds, to
steady the clay or other plastic. material in its passage, either directly from a
pug mill through the moulds, or from a chamber beneath or connected with
a pug mill.
And our Invention further consists in facilitating the exit of the clay or
other plastic material by the introduction of steam into, or among, or in con-
tact with the plastic material at or near its exit from the moulds.
The Drawings hereunto annexed shew the manner in which we carry our
Invention into effect.
Figure 1 is a section of a pug mill; Figure 2, a plan, through the line a, b,
shewing also the rollers for conveying the bricks from the moulds; and Figure
3, a section, through the line c, d, of Figure 1. A, A, is the frame, bolted or
otherwise fixed to the base B; C is the top or headstock, secured to the frame
A, A, by screws and nuts e, e. In a bearing about the centre of this head-
stock C the vertical shaft D works. This shaft D passes through a hole in
the floor A¹, stepped at bottom in the socket f on the base B, and is caused to
revolve by means of the bevil wheel and pinion E and F, the wheel E being
fixed to the upright shaft D of the pug mill, and the pinion F keyed or other-
wise fixed on the shaft G¹, which receives motion from a steam engine or any
other prime mover. To the shaft D we fix arms G, G, for working or pugging
the clay or other plastic material prior to its being forced into the moulds by
the arm or propeller H working in the chamber H'. g, g, are a series of guide.
rods, for the purpose of steadying the clay in its passage to the moulds; I, I,
pipes, for admitting steam into and among the clay prior to its exit from the
dies or moulds; h, h, are rollers for conveying the bricks, tiles, &c., to the
cutting apparatus (not shewn in the Drawings); K is a hopper for receiving
the clay to be operated upon.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,―
First, the employment of a revolving arm or arms working in a chamber
beneath or connected with a pug mill, for the purpose of pressing the clay or
other plastic material into dies or moulds, as herein-before described.
Second, the employment of guide rods to steady the clay or other plastic

page_text: material entering, into, moulds,.whether directly from a pug mill or from a
chamber connected therewith.
And, third, the introducing of steam into and among the clay or other
plastic material at or near its exit from the moulds, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Bulmer and Isaac Sharp,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth day of 10th
mo., October, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
WILLIAM BULMER. (L.8.)
ISAAC SHARP.
(Ļ.S.)

page_text: Filed 20th June 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BULMER, of Middlesboro', in the County of York, Agent for the Manufacture
of Bricks and Tiles, and ISAAC SHARP, of the same Place, Land Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-six, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Bulmer and Isaac Sharp, Her. special license that we, the
said William Bulmer and Isaac Sharp, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Bulmer and Isaac Sharp, our
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS,
TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said William Bulmer and Isaac Sharp, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe

page_text: and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent: And whereas we, the said William Bulmer and Isaac
Sharp, in pursuance of the said condition in the said Letters Patent con-
tained, did by a Specification, being an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, particularly describe aud ascertain the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and did cause the same
instrument to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office on the Fifth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six: And whereas we have
been advised-that those portions of our said Invention which are included in
the second and third claiming clauses at the end of our said Specification are
not new, we are desirous to disclaim the second and third claims of the said
Specifications, and otherwise to alter the said Specification in manner herein-
after shown.
NOW KNOW YE, therefore, that we, the said William Bulmer and Isaac
Sharp, by and with the leave of Her said Majesty's Attorney-General, do
hereby disclaim the second and third claims of the said Specification, as
herein-before mentioned, and by and with the leave aforesaid, and for the
reason aforesaid, we do hereby alter the said Specification by striking out the
following words, which occur in lines 6 to 13 inclusive in the third page
of the print. of the said Specification printed by the Queen's printers, and
published at the Great Seal Patent Office, videlicit, "And in the introduction
of a series of pins or guide rods attached to a bar or bars within the moulds
to steady the clay or other plastic material in its passage, either directly from
a pug mill through the moulds, or from a chamber beneath or connected
'with a pug mill. And our Invention further consists in facilitating the exit
of the clay or other plastic material by the introduction of steam into or
among or in contact with the plastic material at or near its exit from the
moulds." And we further alter the said Specification by introducing in
line 31, page 3, after the words "dies or moulds," the words following,
videlicit, "but we do not claim as forming any part of our said Invention the
use of the guide rods 9, 9, or the admitting of steam into and among the clay
prior to its exit from the dies or moulds;" and we strike out the words
"First," in line 86, page 3, and substitute a capital "T" for the small "t"
in the word " the," and we strike out the whole of the second and third
claims. And in order that it may be clearly understood what is the Inven-
tion which we now consider to be secured to us by the herein-before in

page_text: part recited Letters Patent; we shall now proceed to repeat (omitting the
preamble and testing clause) the said Specification as proposed to be amended
by this present. Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration, as follows:-
NOW. KNOW YE, that we, the said William Bulmer and Isaac Sharp,
do hereby declare the nature of. our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed (that is to say):-
Our Invention consists in the employment of a revolving arm or arms of
any suitable shape working in a chamber beneath or connected with a pug mill,
for the purpose of pressing the clay or other plastic material from such
chamber after its passage from the pug mill.
The Drawings hereunto annexed show the manner in which we carry our
Invention into effect.
Figure 1 is a section of a pug mill; Figure 2, a plan through the
line a, b, shewing also the rollers for conveying the bricks from the moulds;
and Figure 3; a section through the line c, d, of Figure.1.
A, A, is the frame bolted or otherwise fixed to the base B; C is the top or
headstock secured to the frame A, A, by screws and nuts e, e, in a bearing;
about the centre of this headstock C the vertical shaft D works; this
shaft D passes through a hole in the floor A¹ stepped at bottom in the socket f
on the base B, and is caused to revolve by means of the bevil wheel and
pinion E and F, the wheel E being fixed to the upright shaft D of the pug
mill and the pinion F keyed or otherwise fixed on the shaft G', which
receives motion from a steam engine or any other prime mover. To the
shaft D we fix arms G, G, for working or pugging the clay or other plastic
material prior to its being forced into the moulds by the arm or propeller H,
working in the chamber H³. g, g, are a series of guide rods for the purpose
of steadying the clay in its passage to the moulds; I, I, pipes for admitting
steam into and among the clay prior to its exit from the dies or moulds.
But we do not claim, as forming any part of our said Invention, the use of
the guide rods g, g, or the admitting of steam into and among the clay prior
to its exit from the dies or moulds. h, h, are rollers for conveying the bricks,
tiles, &c., to the cutting apparatus (not shewn in the Drawings); K is a
hopper for receiving the clay to be operated upon.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim the employ-
ment of a revolving arm or arms working in a chamber beneath or connected

page_text: with a pug mill-for the purpose of pressing the clay or other plastic material
into dies or moulds, as herein-before described.
"In-witness whereof, we, the said William Bulmer and Isaac Sharp,
have hereunto set our hands and seals; this Sixth day of June, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
L'incoln's Inn,
June 19th, 1865.
ROUNDELL PALMER,"
Attorney-General.