Improvements in Horse Shoes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 13th Jan., 1894
Improvements in Horse Shoes.
I, MYRON LEVI CHAMBERLAIN of 19, Exeter Street, Boston in the State of
Massachusetts United States of America, Physician do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a compound horseshoe, having its wearing surface
composed of india rubber or its compounds, or like elastic substances vulcanized
onto a metal frame or shoe, which may be of any ordinary construction or which
may preferably be of a novel construction as will be described.
The metal frame or portion of the shoe may be cast, rolled or otherwise formed
into the general shape of a horseshoe, and preferably may be constructed, as will
be described, to obtain a maximum strength with a minimum amount of metal, and
also to obtain increased adhering surface for the rubber or like elastic material.
The metal frame or portion of the compound shoe is copperized or prepared for
the rubber wearing surface, by covering the metal frame or shoe with a film of
metal different from that of which the shoe is composed and preferably copper,
which may and preferably will be effected' by dipping the metal frame or shoe into
a weak solution of copper sulphate prior to placing the metal shoe in a suitable
mold in which the rubber or like elastic material is vulcanized onto the treated
metal frame to obtain a rubber wearing surface, firmly attached to the said metal
frame and of any desired thickness.
The compound shoe may and preferably will be provided with a metal guard for
the rubber, preferably made separate from the main metal portion of the shoe, but
which is locked thereto and is embedded in the rubber vulcanized onto the metal
frame of the compound shoe, the said guard being, for the best results, cushioned
by the rubber, as will be described. The inner edge or surface of the rubber
portion may be bevelled to avoid balling of the shoe from snow or mud, and to
lessen the friction when used on clayey roads.
These and other features of my invention will be pointed out in the claim at the
end of this Specification.
Fig. 1 is an underside view of a compound horseshoe embodying my invention.
Fig. 2, an underside view of the metal frame or portion of the shoe preferred
by me with the rubber wearing surface removed.
Fig. 3, a sectional detail on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1, the rubber being shown
black in this figure and not so shown in Fig. 1, to enable the invention to be more
clearly illustrated.
Fig. 4, a sectional detail on the line 4-4, Fig. 2.
Fig. 5, a detail in plan of the central or toe portion of the metal frame of the
shoe preferred by me, with the metal guard shown in Fig. 2 removed.
Fig. 6, a sectional detail on the line 6-6, Fig. 5, looking in the 'direction of the
arrow thereon.
•
.
Fig. 7, a detail in perspective of the guard shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 8, an underside view of a modified form of compound shoe to be referred to.
Fig. 9, a sectional detail on the line 9-9, Fig. 1, to be referred to.
Fig. 10, a perspective view of a compound horseshoe embodying this invention,
n which the metal portion or frame is of ordinary construction.
[+
Fig. 11, a cross-section of one side of the shoe shown in Fig. 10, the section
eing taken on the line 11—11.

page_text: Fig. 12, a cross-section on the lineil2-12, Fig. 110, and
Fig. 13, a cross-section of one sider of the shoesshown in Fig. 10 with a modified
mode of arranging the rubber wearing surface.
The metal frame or portion of the shoe as shown in Fig. 2, consists of a web or
plate a, provided on its inner and outer edges with rims.or flanges a' a' substantially
at right angles to the said web, and between the said flanges, the web or plate a
has secured to or forming part of it one or more ribs a³, which extend to near the
heel portions of the plate or web a, and as shown in Fig. 2, a single rib ais
extended about the shoe and has secured to or forming part of its ends, ribs a
extended from the heel portion backward for a portion of the length of the web
or plate a. The metal web or plate a may be provided on each half of the shoe
with suitable nail receiving holes as, there being three such holes herein shown
in Fig. 2 on each half of the shoe. The web or plate a may and preferably will
be provided with a series of holes or apertures, which co-operate with and
preferably extend across the ribs as a to form locking apertures b for the rubber
or other elastic wearing surface 6, as will be described, the said locking apertures
being preferably made as countersunk holes having their greater area on the upper
surface of the web, as indicated by dotted lines, that is, on the surface of the web,
which is next to the hoof when the shoe is applied. The metal web or plate a may
preferably be provided at the extreme end or heel of the shoe with a single
countersunk hole or opening 6 for the reception of the wearing surface.
The
metal portion or frame of the shoe for superior results may be provided with a
guard for the rubber, which is shown in Fig. 1 as located at the toe of the shoe
and which is preferably of a construction, such as shown in Fig. 7, it consisting of
a plate. provided on its underside with curved locking flanges * 6, adapted to
engage flanges 867 projecting inward from the outer and inner edges a' af of the
metal frame to lock the guard to the said metal frame, the body or central portion
of the frame below the flanges being made deeper, as represented by 68 in
Fig. 6, than the remaining portions of the metal web a, to obtain a substantially
wide space between the flanges of the guard and the portion of the web or
plate a, as represented in Fig. 3, for a purpose as will be described. The guard
may be provided on its outer surface with wearing portions or projections c, herein
shown as substantially triangular in shape and separated from each other, each
wearing portion being provided at its outer face substantially flush with the
flange a', with a rounded surface or corner ci to prevent the horse tripping.
The metal portion or frame of the shoe with its guard is copperized or treated
with a film of metal other than that of which the said frame or metal portion of
the shoe is composed, and preferably copper, which is preferably. effected by
dipping the metal shoe into a weak solution of copper sulphate and allowing it to
remain a substantially short time, after which the copperized metal frame is then
placed in a suitable mold, and the guard, shown in Fig. 7, having been affixed to
the metal frame, is forced away from the metal web a into the position shown in
Fig. 3, by suitable pins, not herein shown, but which may be extended through the
holes or openings in the web a (see Fig. 5) and the mold is then filled with the
rubber to cover the whole or any desired part of the treated metal frame, preferably
to the depth of about one-half inch, or until the rubber is flush with the upper
surface of the projections c of the guard, after which the said rubber is vulcanized
onto the copperized metal frame or portion by any of the methods well known in
the art of vulcanization. The rubber enters the interlocking apertures b, b' and
also the space between the flanges of the guard and the metal web a.. The
rubber is, for the best results, prevented from filling the nail receiving holes a' by
means of suitable cores, plugs or pins, not herein shown, but which are inserted
into the said holes and which are removed after the rubber has been vulcanized
onto the metal frame or portion of the shoe, the pins inserted into the nail holes
nearest the toe acting to keep the guard herein shown in its proper position during
the vulcanizing process. The guard is provided, as herein shown with holes or
ducts co, through which the rubber may pass to the under side of the guard and

page_text: hereby the rubber assists in holding the guard in position. The nal notes, as
epresented in Fig. 1, do not extend through the rubber portion 6' of the shoe,
nd by means of the cores or plugs inserted into the said holes, the rubber wearing
urface may be shaped to leave apertures about the said nail receiving holes to
ermit the easy dislodgment of dirt, etc.
The mold is preferably so constructed as to form a bevel d extended around the
nner edge of the rubber wearing surface, as represented in Figs. 1 to 3, the said
evel being made of any desired or required length, but for the best results, I
prefer the said bevel should extend back from the inner edge of the metal frame,
about one-eighth of an inch. The rubber wearing portion of the shoe fills the
locking apertures b, and as represented in Figs. 2 and 9, the rubber will be locked
under the ribs or bars a' a' in the construction of metal frame or portion shown. in
Figs. to 9 inclusive, and the said apertures co-operating with the said locking
bars or ribs serve to assist in firmly holding the rubber wearing surface to the metal
portion of the shoe.
These locking apertures may be especially advantageous near the heel portion of
the metal frame of the shoe, for, experience has taught me, that the rubber wearing
surface at the heel of the shoe is more likely to separate from the metal than at the
front of the shoe. The holding action of the locking apertures is increased by
making the said apertures wider on the rear or upper face of the metal portion of
the shoe, as represented by dotted lines in Fig. 2.
It will be noticed that the metal guard is entirely embedded in the rubber
wearing surface, with the exception of the wearing portions c, and by referring to
Fig. 3, it will be noticed that a layer 2 of rubber of considerable thickness is
interposed between the flanges 66 of the guard and the metal web a, which, in
practice, acts as a cushion to receive the force of the blow as the horse puts his
foot down, and the layer 2 of rubber increases the efficiency of the rubber wearing
surface in resisting or avoiding concussion.
Furthermore, the layer 2 of rubber acts to electrically separate or insulate the
metal guard from the metal frame, when the foot of the horse is resting on the
ground, as the weight of the foot forces the flanges 66 against the layer 2, which
yields sufficiently to permit the flanges to be removed from contact with the
flanges, so that, when the foot of the horse is on the ground, it is electrically
separated or insulated therefrom, and as a result, the liability of the horse receiving
shocks by stepping on the rails of electric street railways, and other sources of
electricity, is avoided.
I may prefer to employ the guard herein shown having the protecting surfaces or
projections c made in one casting or piece and separated from each other by the
rubber, as represented in Fig. 1, but I do not desire to limit my invention in this
0 respect as the protecting surfaces or guards c may be made independent of one
another and secured in any suitable manner to the metal frame or portion of the
shoe, as for instance, in Fig. 8, the wearing portions c constitute the toe-guard and
are integral with or firmly secured to the metal frame of the shoe, but are separated
from one another to permit the rubber to fill in the space between adjacent wearing
5 portions c. So also, the wearing portions c may be made removable and screwed or
otherwise fastened to the metal frame of the shoe.
Furthermore, I do not desire to limit my present invention to a rubber wearing
surface covering the entire surface of the metal frame, as the rubber may be
vulcanized onto the metal frame, so as to cover only portions of the said frame, as
0 for instance, the toe and heel portions might be covered with rubber and the
portions of the frame between the heel and toe, from about the dotted lines 10-12,
may be left uncovered. In this latter case, the portion of the web a, thus left
uncovered, may be left plain and solid, with the exception of the nail holes as
described, or the above. wearing surfaces of rubber may be connected by a thin
55 layer of rubber. like an inverted arch.
The rubber wearing surface may and preferably will be made of considerable
thickness, preferably about one-half inch and preferably extends below the said

page_text: flanges as represented in Fig. 9, and if desired, the said rubber wearing surface may
be made thicker in some parts than others, as for instance, the heel portions may be
made thicker than the toe.
As represented in Fig. 2, the rib a extends entirely around the web a, but I do
not desire to limit my invention in this respect, as the rib or ribs a³ may extend but
partially around the web a as represented in Fig. 8, wherein is shown a compound
shoe particularly well adapted to be used as the hind shoe of the horse, but which
may be used as a forward shoe.
The shoe represented in Fig. 8, may and preferably will be provided at the heel
portions with guards or metal wearing portions f, herein shown as triangular in
shape, but which may be of any other desired form, the said wearing portions being
made of sufficient thickness or height to lie substantially flush with the rubber.
The toe portion of the shoe shown in Fig. 8, may be provided, in addition to the
wearing portions c, with one or more wearing portions f¹ projecting from at or near
the inner edge of the web a.
The metal plate or web a is of substantially the same width as the ordinary
metal horseshoe and forms a substantially wide, solid backing for the elastic wearing
surface.
These heel guards may also be cushioned and interlocked to the metal frame in
a manner similar to the toe guard; if it is so desired.
-
I prefer to make the metal portion of the compound shoe substantially as above
described, but I do not desire to limit my invention to any particular construction
of the said metal portion, as it may be of the ordinary construction of horseshoe
now commonly used, as illustrated in Figs. 10 to 13, inclusive. The metal shoe
shown in Fig. 10, is provided with holes as for the reception of the nails g' with
which to attach it to the hoof of the horse, and the said metal shoe is copperized
or treated as heretofore described and has vulcanized thereon the rubber wearing
surface b, which is firmly united to the treated metal shoe g. By means of
suitable cores, not herein shown, holes 9* may be formed in the rubber wearing
surface to permit the nails g' to be driven. The rubber wearing surface b' may be
wholly on the lower surface of the metal part g as shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 12,
or it may be extended to cover the edges of the metal part, as shown in Fig. 13,
and if desired, the metal part 9 may have its lower surface provided with
corrugations, or indentations, or it may be roughened to afford additional surface
to promote the adhesion between the rubber wearing surface and the treated metal
1. A compound horseshoe comprising a metal portion provided with a copperized
surface, and a wearing portion composed of india rubber or its compounds attached
to the metal portion by a union of the rubber and the copperized surface.
2. A compound horseshoe comprising a metal frame or shoe, an elastic wearing
surface, and a cushioned guard locked to the metal frame or shoe and having its
wearing surface substantially flush with the elastic wearing surface.
3. A compound horseshoe comprising a metal frame composed of a web or plate
having side or edge flanges, one or more ribs secured to or forming part of the said
web or plate between the said edge flanges, and a wearing surface of elastic
material secured to the said plate or web between the said flanges.
4. A compound horseshoe comprising a metal frame composed of a web or plate
having side or edge flanges and provided with locking apertures, a wearing surface
of rubber or like elastic material vulcanized onto the said frame and extended
below the side flanges, and one or more metal surfaces embedded in the elastic
wearing material and substantially flush with the same, to protect the elastic
material from wear.
..
5. A compound horseshoe comprising a copperized metal frame composed of a
plate or web, one or more ribs secured to or forming part of the web or plate

page_text: 105 10
& portion OL
between its edges and extended for the whole or
described, and a wearing surface of rubber or like elastic material vulcanized
onto the said copperized plate or web.
6. A compound horseshoe comprising a copperized metal frame or shoe, a
wearing surface of rubber or like elastic substance vulcanized onto the said
copperized metal frame or shoe, and one or more metal wearing surfaces locked to
the metal frame or shoe and etabedded in the elastic wearing substance and
substantially flush with the same.
7. A compound horseshoe comprising a metal frame composed of a plate or web
having one or more ribs and provided with locking apertures, and a wearing
surface composed of an elastic substance vulcanized onto the said web or plate
and enveloping the said rib, the said plate forming a substantially wide, solid
backing for the elastic wearing surface.
8. A compound horseshoe comprising a metal frame composed of a plate or web
provided with a plurality of countersunk holes or 'openings, forming locking
apertures, one or more ribs attached to the lower surface of the plate between its
sides, and a rubber wearing surface secured to the lower surface of the plate and
extended into the countersunk holes and enveloping the said rib.
9. A compound horseshoe comprising a copperized metal frame composed of a
plate or web provided with a plurality of countersunk holes, and having one or
more ribs attached to the lower surface of the plate or web and extended across
the said countersunk holes, and a rubber wearing surface vulcanized onto the
lower surface of the copperized plate or web, filling the countersunk holes and
enveloping the said rib.
10. A compound horseshoe comprising a copperized metal frame composed of a
plate or web having locking apertures and one or more ribs attached to the lower
surface of the said plate and extended across the said locking apertures, and a
wearing surface composed of rubber vulcanized onto the copperized lower surface
of the plate or web.
Dated this 12th day of December 1893.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.