Improvements in Bakers' Ovens.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Aug., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 26th May, 1893-Accepted, 1st July, 1893
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bakers' Ovens.
We JOHN VICARS, THOMAS VICARS, and JOHN VICARS the Younger, all of
59 Seel Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention relates to both hand and mechanical ovens for baking bread,
biscuits, and the like, and the object is to so construct such ovens as to facilitate
working, secure more efficient baking, and prevent loss of heat.
As regards hand ovens we combine with such ovens a movable hearth preferably
in the form of an endless metallic web or chain and give motion to the said hearth
by worm wheels or other suitable gear.
As regards mechanical ovens. The pans or trays are carried through the oven
on plates pivotted between endless chains, and provided with balance weights.
The endless chains are supported by side rails.
As regards heating ovens generally, we make use of a fire place or fire places and
flues when the latter are so arranged and constructed as to conduct the products of
combustion and heated gases at the required speeds both under and over the space
to be heated. Dampers are employed for directing the products of combustion
and heating gases in the desired direction through the flues. Air flues and
dampers for regulating the temperature of parts of the space being heated are
combined with the products of combustion and heating gases flues, so as to take off
any required quantity of heat and return it to the fireplace or fireplaces.
Sliding doors for closing the mouths of ovens are made when closed to fit with
their lower edges in a recess, and are fitted at the top with screw or other binding
agents.
Dated the 25th day of August 1899
Per pro J. T. KING,
J. Johnson,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bakers' Ovens.
We JOHN VICARS, THOMAS VICARS, and JOHN VICARS the Younger, all of
59 Seel Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The invention relates to both hand and mechanical ovens for baking bread
biscuits and the like, and the object is to so construct such ovens as to facilitate
working, secure more efficient baking, and prevent loss of heat.
As regards hand ovens we combine with such ovens a movable hearth preferably
in the form of an endless metallic web or chain and give motion to the said hearth
by worm wheel or other suitable gear.
As regards mechanical ovens the pans or trays are carried through the oven on
plates pivotted between endless chains, and provided with balance weights. The
endless chains are supported by side rails.
As regards heating ovens generally we make use of a fire place or fire places and
flues when the latter are so arranged and constructed as to conduct the products of
combustion and heated gases at the required speeds both under and over the space

page_text: to be heated. Dampers are employed for directing the products of combustion
and heating gases in the desired direction through the flues. Air flues and
dampers for regulating the temperature of parts of the space being heated are
combined with the products of combustion and heating gases flues, so as to take off
any required quantity of heat, and return it to the fire place or fire places.
Sliding doors for closing the mouths of ovens, are made when closed to fit with
their lower edges in a recess, and are fitted at the top with screw or other binding
agents.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section, Figs. 2 and 3 are horizontal sections at
the lines A A and B B, and Figs. 4 and 5 are vertical transverse sections at the
lines C C and D D, all of a bakers oven under our invention.
a is the oven, bis the main structure of brickwork, c is the fireplace for supplying
bottom heat to the oven. The products of combustion from the said fire place
travel forward through a central flue d under the oven bottom e, then back
through side flues f beneath the said oven bottom and finally past the dampers g
through the cross flue to the uptake i. j are cleaning doors for the flues. By
means of the dampers g, the force of the draft and thereby the bottom heat is readily
regulated.
kis the fire place for supplying top heat. The products of combustion pass from
the fire place through a central flue into a crossflue m and thence by uptakes n and
elbow flues o into the space p over the top p¹ of the oven, g are dampers in the
uptakes n so that the amount of products of combustion passing up each uptake
may be adjusted, is a tongue for directing the flow of the products of combustion
through the space p as they leave the elbow flues o. From the space p the
products of combustion pass through dampers s into a cross flue t and thence into.
the uptake i. u are cleaning doors for the flues. The draft and amount of heat
in the space p over the oven is controlled by the dampers and q. v vare
openings from each end of the oven leading into flues w, w through which
moisture from the oven escapes into the atmosphere. a, a, dampers for regulating
the outflow of the moisture. y door in front of the oven through which the pans
or trays containing bread, cakes or biscuits are placed into and removed from the
oven. y door for obtaining access to the back of the oven. The doors y, y, are
raised and lowered by quadrant levers z¹.
.
When a sliding door such as y or y₁ is used we find it desirable in some cases
that the lower edge of such door should fit into a recess, and be firmly secured in
position when closed, by a screw wedge or like means as shown dotted at y¹.
The fireplaces c and k may be combined so as to form one fire place.
ovens.
For carrying the pans or trays through the oven there are endless chains 1
passing around sprocket wheels 2, and resting on rails 3 secured to the sides of the
The sprocket-wheels 2 are carried on shafts 4 and are driven in the usual
way. The chains 1 are provided at equal intervals with bearings 5 to which are
pivotted immediately above the centre thereof and between the chains, plates, 6
from which depend balance weights 7 eccentrically placed so as to cause the plates
to be suspended in an inclined position with their upturned edges 8 along the low
side. By the above means the plates for carrying the pans or trays are wholly
between the chains and may be placed quite close together without interfering
with one another by their oscillation, which is not the case when they are
suspended beneath the centres of the bearings. The pans or trays are slipped on
to the plates 6 through the door y and are removed therefrom through the same
door after travelling along the top of the oven to the back and along the bottom of
the oven again to the front.
As shown in Fig. 4 a drum 9 and metallic web 10 are used instead of the chains
and trays when hand power is used; the web forms a movable hearth. Motion is
given to the drum by means of gearing 11.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention; and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is
First. Ovens fitted with a movable hearth and driving gear substantially as set
forth.
Second. Ovens provided with endless chains carried on rails and having trays
pivotted thereto and balanced substantially as set forth.
Third. Ovens provided with endless chains carrying trays pivotted thereto and
balanced substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination of one or more fire places with flues and dampers
substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Fifth. Oven doors closed and secured substantially as set forth.
Per pro J. T. KING,
J. Johnson,
Agent.
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Per pro J. T. KING,
J. Johnson,
Agent.