Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 31st Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 29th Mar., 1888
'
I. EMANUEL STEVENS, Engineer, in care of Messrs. Bede & Co. of 29 Rue-Philippe-
le-Bon, Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, to be as follows
This invention consists in certain improvements in motors applicable to locomotive
engines, for carriages, tramway vehicles and other purposes.
The improvements consist in the combination of a gas or hydrocarbon engine with
a compressed air engine in such a manner that the cylinders of each engine are
covered with water jackets communicating with each other, so that a circulation of
the water may be produced in the said jackets by means of a pump or otherwise for
the purpose of cooling the gas cylinder and heating the air cylinder. The water
heated by the gas cylinder being cooled by the air cylinder and reservoir and returned
to the gas cylinder.
The gas motor is supplied with explosive mixture and compresses the air into a
reservoir from which air enters into the air cylinder and drives the vehicle. The gas
motor also actuates the above mentioned pump, where one is employed. The exhaust
gases pass round the entering explosive mixture and through a silent exhaust to the
funnel. The exhaust air may pass to a reservoir from which it is fed to the cylinder
of the gas engine acting as the compressor.
The air compressed by the action of the gas engine may be used for forming an
explosive mixture of air and hydrocarbon vapour which may be employed in the
motive cylinder so that the mixture need not be compressed in the cylinder.
may also utilize some of the power of the gas engine to drive a small dynamo
for inflaming said explosive mixture for supplying electricity for the illumination of
the car.
Dated this 31st day of March 1887
HERBERT & Co.,
67, Strand, W.C.,
Agents to Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Combined Gas and Compressed Air Engines.
I, EMANUEL STEVENS, Engineer in care of Messrs. Bede & Co. 37 Rue Philippe-
le-Bon Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in certain improvements in motors applicable to locomotive
engines, for carriages, tramway vehicles and other purposes.
The improvements consist essentially:
1) In the combination of a motor actuated by hydrocarbonic vapours or gases and
of a second motor actuated by compressed air, the cylinders of said motors and the
receptacle for the compressed air being provided with double walls, between which water
is caused to circulate so as to cool the cylinder of the gas motor, the receptacle for
compressed air and warm the cylinders of the air motor returning to the jacket of the
gas motor after having passed through a cooling apparatus.
2) In a peculiar carburetting apparatus in which a mixture consisting of air
compressed or otherwise and naphta, petroleum or other hydrocarbon vapour is pro-
duced for actuating the gas motor.
3) In the combination of the gas motor with an apparatus, by which a noiseless
exhaust of the gases is attained.
Referring to the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 shows a locomotive for trams which is provided with the above mentioned
apparatus.
Figs. 2 and 3 are respectively longitudinal and cross sections of the carburetting
apparatus.
Fig. 4 illustrates a modification of the same.
Fig. 5 is a device for preliminary heating the carburetting liquid.
Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate two modifications of the silent exhaust for the burned
gases.
Fig. 8 is a cross section of the apparatus for cooling the circulating water.
The gas motor A Fig. 1 serves firstly to actuate the air compressing pump B and
secondly to drive the pump P for setting the water in circulation. The pump B
compresses air into the receptacle C whence it passes into the air motor D from which
it escapes into the receptacle O. The gas motor may be of any suitable construction
the latter can however be simplified by employing a mixture of gas and compressed
air instead of a mixture of gas and non-compressed air, the compressed air being
taken from the receptacle so that the compression of the air does not take place in
the motor itself.
The gas mixture serving to actuate the gas motor may be produced from compressed
air and the vapour of naphta, petroleum or other hydrocarbons by one of the two
carburetting apparatus represented in Figs. 2, 3 and 4. The apparatus shown in
Figs. 2 and 3 is suitable for such cases where less volatilo and less inflammable
carburetting liquids are used. This apparatus consists of a tubular boiler Ẹ with

page_text: double ends. The carburetting liquid flows about the tubes F through which pass the
exploded gases escaping from the gas motor A. These gases enter at A Fig. 2 into
one of the double ends and pass off at the other end through B. The vapours arising
from the heated carburetting liquid accumulate in the chest H where they are mixed
with atmospheric air, which is supplied through the tube D.
The carburetting liquid enters the steam generator through the cock I. When
first setting the apparatus in motion the evaporation of the carburetting liquid must
be commenced by supplying heat from a special source. This can be effected by steam
produced by means of a petroleum boiler and entering through the cock L. As shown
in Fig. 5 a furnace O for wood or coal may also be combined with the boiler E the
burning gases being introduced into the heating tubes by opening a throttle
valve M into the extremity of the tube A which latter is likewise provided with a
throttle-valve.
For very volatile and inflammable carburetting liquids preferably an evaporating
boiler is employed arranged in the manner shown in Fig. 4. The ends P and Q are
double and through the tubes F which extend only to the inner end plate are passed
other pipes extending to the outer end plates of the double bottoms and through
which the exploded gases pass. The interstices e between the end plates and
the interstices between the pipes F and are filled with water, so that the
exhaust gases arriving from the
cylinder at. A and passing through the
pipes impart their heat first to the water and not direct to the carburetting
liquid about the tubes F. It is obvious that by drawing off the hot water
and admission of cold water the temperature in the boiler E can be so regulated
that the degree of heating, desirable for the respective carburetting liquid is never
exceeded, thus preventing ignition or explosion of the vapours. The latter may be
led to a particular mixing receptacle and there mixed with air or with compressed air
from the receptacle C. In this case the compression of the mixture actuating the gas
motor may be dispensed with within the cylinder of the motor.
The exhaust gases leaving the heating spaces of the boiler E pass through tube B
into the silent exhaust Fig. 6, the object of which is to neutralize the "cough" or
puffing noise usually attendant on the expulsion of the exhaust gases. This apparatus
consists of a pipe or receptacle M into which is introduced a cylinder or inner wall M'
of sieve-like perforated sheet metal. The space between M and M is filled with some
incombustible sound-damping material for instance asbestos, so that the noise produced
by the expulsion of the exhaust gases is damped thereby.
In some cases where a horizontal position of the said sound-damping apparatus
appears advisable, it is preferably given the arrangement shown in Fig. 7. The
exhaust gases proceeding from the carburettor E enter through B flow horizontally
through the sieve-like perforated receptacle M' and pass through the flue B' into the
atmosphere. Any vapour which may be condensed on the passage flows off through
the pipe B.
To allow the quantity of the combustion gases entering into the carburetting
apparatus to be regulated, a throttle valve is suitably arranged in the pipe A and before
this valve a pipe branches off leading direct to the silent exhaust M.
The air motor D is provided with double-walled cylinder-jacket in the same manner
as the gas motor A. A tube t t connects the two hollow jackets of A and D. The
latter is connected through the pipe with the pump P, the pressure-tube t* of
which is led to the cooling apparatus O in which the water sucked from the two
mantle spaces is cooled by the exhaust air escaping from out the air-motor.
The cooling apparatus Ois separately represented in Fig. 8. It resembles in its arrange-
ment essentially a tubular boiler the outer mantle of which may be provided with ribs
for assistance to radiation. The air leaving the cylinders of the air motor expanding
and thereby capable of absorbing considerable amount of heat enters below through
the tube T passes the vertical pipes about which lies the warm water, and escapes
through T The water sucked by the pump P through pipe t t from the cylinder
jackets enters through the pipe tv into the space surrounding the pipes in O, is cooled,
and flows off above through the pipe t▾ to the jacket of the gas motor.

page_text: The water therefore performs a continual circuit cooling the cylinder of the gas
motor and warming the cylinder of the air motor by partly transmitting thereto the
heat received from the gas motor.
The receptacle for the compressed air may likewise be jacketted with double walls
the circuit of the water is then led also through this jacket.
To compensate for gradual loss of cooling water and the allow the cooling effect of
the apparatus O to be supplemented if required a small cold-water reservoir R is
arranged from which cold water can be let direct into the pipe " I through the
pipo u by opening the cock V.
a
In some cases it will be possible to dispense with the pump P and to produce
sufficient circulation by the different densities of the water in the different parts of
the circuit.
To prevent the resistance of the compressed air from being exercised when the gas
motor is set in action, a cock is preferably provided at the air pump and opened, so
that the air pump runs free at first or the pump may be at first entirely disengaged
and afterwards set in action.
The improved motor may also be employed for any other suitable purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The combination of an air motor having a double walled cylinder D a gas motor
likewise provided with a double walled cylinder A and adapted to produce compressed
air for actuating the air motor and a refrigerator O in which cold is produced by
expansion of exhaust air from the air motor, the hollow jacketa of the cylinders afore-
said and the refrigerator being in connection whereby a current of water may be
caused to flow through the same as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In combination with the motor comprising the apparatus A D and O as set forth,
a carburettor consisting of a tubular heater E in which the evaporation of the
carburetting liquid may be effected by the exhaust gases from the gas motor A and
comprising single or double walled pipes T F ƒ as and for the purpose set forth.
3. The combination with the apparatus set forth, of a silent exhaust apparatus com-
prising a cylinder or receptacle M with an inner wall M of perforated sheet metal
and a filling of fire-proof and sound-damping material between said walls as and for
the purpose set forth.
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