IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
KNIGHT, of the City of Chichester, in the County of Sussex, Ironmonger, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Seventh day of July, in the second year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Knight, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said William Knight, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Knight, ny exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER
AND OTHER FLUIDS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said William Knight, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Knight, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, is fully described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing

page_text: hercunto annexed, and to the ngures and letters marked nercon
to say
The frictionless pump consists of two distinct pumps, connected by the
nozzles. The following is a description as shewn in Figure 1:-The A
pump
consists of service pipe a, connected with a cylinder and valve b; this cylinder
has two other cylinders working freely and without friction, one within and
the other without, but connected together at the top; the inner cylinder has a
valve c at the bottom, so as to form a perfect bucket. These are enclosed in
an outer cylinder of larger dimensions, which form the body of the pump, and
which is filled with water, and which prevents the air from insinuating itself
between the cylinders from the outside. The advantage of having a double
cylinder, one working inside and the other outside of the one fixed, is this:-
The air which is contained between the two cylinders when placed in a working
position becomes compressed as the cylinders descend; it cannot escape on the
outside because it is surrounded by the water contained in the body of the
pump, and it effectually prevents the water, which is between the two valves
b and c from escaping between the cylinders, but obliges it to pass through
the valve c as they (the cylinders) descend. By this it will be seen that the
compression of air between the cylinders has the same effect as stuffing in
the common pumps; and it is by that means these pumps are made effective.
These double cylinders are suspended by a chain from a lever with circular
ends, so as to balance each other. One, two, or more of these cylinders
might be attached to the lever, which is worked by a handle fixed to it. The
valve b used in these pumps is merely a short cylinder of brass, with a ground
top fitted to it, which is lifted up by the water, acted on by the pressure of the
atmosphere; being without any joint, it is impossible for it to get out of order;
the construction of pump B is precisely similar. The manner of working is
thus: The cylinders in pump A are now descending, the valve 6 is closed, and
the water which is now between the two valves forces open the valve c; the
water which was in the cylinder previous to the descent is thrust over the top
into the large or outer cylinder; the cylinders in pump B are at the same
time ascending; the valve e is closed by the pressure of the water which rushed
in at the last descent. The valve d is now opened by the water forced up by
the pressure of the atmosphere, and which follows the cylinders as they are
drawn up; at their return the valve d will be shut; e is forced up by the water
contained in the space between the two valves, and the water which they
contained in their ascent is now forced over the top into the body of the pump
as the cylinders again descend. It will be seen by this that the period of
discharge is when the cylinders are descending, so that the water falls by its
ان

page_text: own gravity into the pump to be discharged; in the common pump it is when
the piston is raised that the discharge takes place.
The balance force pump, as shewn in Figure 2, like the lift or sucking
pump, consists of two distinct pumps, connected together by a discharge pipe.
The following is description:-The pump A consists of a service pipe a, con-
nected with a cylinder and valve 6; the cylinder has a solid plunger working
within, to which is attached another cylinder connected on the top, which
works on the outside; and the compressed air, which is between these cylinders
and plunger, has the same effect as the stuffing generally used in the common
force pump.
These cylinders are inclosed in an outer cylinder of larger
dimension, which is filled with water, and which confines the air that is
between the cylinders and the plunger; the manner of working these plungers
is by a lever with quadrant ends and double chain. The manner of working is
as follows:-The plunger in pump A is now descending, the valve 6 is closed,
and the water which is between the valve and the plunger is now driven
through the valve c; for, as the plunger descends, the air which was between
the working cylinder and the plunger when first put in a working position
becomes more and more compressed, which prevents the water from escaping
between that and the cylinder, but obliges it to pass through the valve c, which
is now driven up by the water passing; the plunger in pump B is at the same
time ascending; the valve d is now open, and the water rises in the cylinder as
the plunger is raised.
The great superiority of the balance.pump over others now in use must be
evident, for, by combining one, two, or more of these pumps at each end of the
lever, a full and continuous stream is kept up with little more power than
would be required to work a single pump; and from their simplicity, there
being neither stuffing to the cylinders nor joints to the valves, must always be
fit for service, as there is nothing but compressed air and water required to
keep them in working trim, and which will neither wear out nor be out of
order; whereas, for all others now in use they are compelled to use stuffing
leathers, &c., which will wear out, frequently preventing the pump from
working properly, and always occasioning an expense and inconvenience.
The principal advantage in this pump is the creation of a vacuum without
the necessity of the sucker used in the common pump. This is effected by
means of two sliding telescope tubes, the outer one of which (a*) in the plan)
is double, and receives the inner tube (6) within its inner and outer case.
The two tubes (a and b) work in a cylinder (*), which is filled with water
before the pump is put into action. The outer double tube (a*) is worked
from above, and when raised elongates a tube, of which, with (6*), it forms a

page_text: part; and as it is surrounded with water where it unites with (6*), a vacuum
is of course created. A common valve is attached 'to the end of the double
tube (a*), and a similar valve at a given distance beneath in tube (b*). The
effect will be, that when the double tube (a*) is raised, a vacuum is created,
and the water rises through the lower valve (d*), when the tube (a*), re-
descending, forces the water through the valve (e") and out of the tube (a*)
at (*). The water falls in the outer cylinder (c) and increases the quantity
of water therein, and the surplus finds an outlet at (f*); this outlet of course
always being above the valve (e*). The advantage of the double pump
appears to be, the greater facility it affords in working, one side in some
degree counterbalancing the other; but this does not appear in the Patent,
and is no part of the Invention.
And such my Invention being, to the best of my knowledge, and belief, entirely
new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her said Dominion
of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my
Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe that this my said
Specification doth comply, fully and without reserve or disguise, with the
proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained;
wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said
Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Knight, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of January, in the year of our Lord One
themed sight hundred and thirts ning