matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING FIBRES, AND IN FIBRE WASTE MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. John Thornton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1878.
JOHN THORNTON, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Machine and Tool
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING FIBRES, AND IN FIBRE
WASTE MACHINES."
This Invention relates,-.
Firstly. To improved means of securing the metallic teeth used on
lickers-in, "swifts," and "workers."
"burr rollers,"
"
or
Secondly. The Invention relates to improvements for operating the burr roller
and the licker-in rollers, in such manner as to release or separate the "burrs'
impurities from the wool, or other fibre being operated upon.
According to this Invention, in securing the metallic teeth I employ one groove
cut or formed in the periphery of the roller of such width as to contain two lines
or strips of metallic teeth, the teeth of each strip being spaced by means of a rib
formed on the side of each strip. Other grooves and other strips being so employed
admits of the use of more teeth within a given length of roller than heretofore.
$T
For the purpose of separating the burrs," knots, and dirt from the wool or
fibre being operated upon, I impart to the burr roller and to the licker-in a lateral
motion, in addition to its rotary notion, so as to rub out the burrs and refuse. Or
in lieu of such lateral motion I apply the cards or teeth to such rollers spirally, or
otherwise so arranged on the periphery as to give a " to-and-fro or rubbing
motion for purpose aforesaid.
#
IMPROVEMENTS IN TWISTING AND DOUBLING FRAMES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Broadbent and Elon Crowther
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1878.
THOMAS BROADBENT, Engineer, and ELON CROWTHER, Manufacturer, both of
Huddersfield, in 'the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN TWISTING AND DOUBLING
FRAMES."
"
The object of this Invention is to prevent waste in that class of machinery known
as twisting or doubling frames.
We accomplish the above object in the following manner :-To each side of the
top roller of any ordinary twisting or doubling frame we attach a cam plate centred
on the axis of the roller; these cam plates are extended past the circumference of
the roller and are connected together by means of a cross bar; one end of the cams
is extended in the opposite direction, in which is fixed a pin projecting parallel to
the axis of the roller; over this projecting pin the thread passes from the roller to
the spindle, and in the event of the thread breaking, the end of the cam which
contains the projecting pin rises and brings the cams on to the circumference of the
bottom rollers, the bottom roller causes the cams to lift the top roller clear of the
bottom roller, thus stopping the travel of the thread and preventing the same passing
through the rollers and running to waste.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LAMPING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brockelbank at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1878.
GEORGE BROCKELBANK, of 37, Thornsett Road, South Penge Park, Anerley.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LAMPING RAILWAY CARRIAGES."
This Invention has for its object an apparatus for lamping railway carriages and
other purposes, and consists of a column or stanchion of a suitable length placed in
a convenient part of a lamp truck or carriage. Close to the top of this column or
stanchion is a collar or shoulder (which forms the side bearing to a wheel); the
column or stanchion is bent at an angle and forms an axle. On this axle is placed
a wheel (made as light as possible for the purpose, and of sufficient diameter to
reach the top of the railway carriage) at the circumference of which are placed
hooks or pins at equal distances on which the objects to be raised and lowered are to
be hung.
In lamping railway carriages the hooks or pins are placed for freshly trimmed
lamps nearer to the centre or axle than those on which the burnt out lamps are
hung, by which I obtain an automatic means of raising the freshly trimmed and
consequently the heavier lamps by the lighter lamps' weight with the leverage to
the highest side of the wheel; that is to say, so soon as the untrimmed lamps are
placed on the outer hooks or pins on the wheel top, their weight by their extra
leverage turns the wheel, and brings the trimmed lainps up to the top of the railway
carriage. Where space is limited the object may be obtained by fixing on the side
of the lamp truck or carriage a frame with an endless band running over pullies
fixed at ends of frame, pins or hooks being placed at intervals on the band, the
untrimmed lamps coming down while the trimmed lamps are being raised. On
the axle of the lower pully a handle can be placed to facilitate the operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF RAILWAY AND OTHER BREAKS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Holden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1878.
JAMES HOLDEN, of Marlow House, New Swindon, in the County of Wilts,
Mechanical Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF
RAILWAY AND OTHER BREAKS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.'
"
My Invention relates to improved methods of suspending and applying breaks
to railway carriages, engines, tenders, and other vehicles running upon railways or
tramways, and fitted with breaks, continuous or otherwise; and my present im-
provements have for object to simplify the construction and render the action of
portions of the said breaks more effective.
For this purpose, according to my present improvements, I arrange a spring or
springs in such manner that when the break blocks are applied to the wheels the
strain delivered from the wheel to the break block may be transferred from the
break block to the under frame or body of the vehicle through the elastic medium
of a metallic spring. This spring is so formed that one end can be fastened rigidly
to the under frame or to the body of the carriage, and the other end attached to
the break block hanger, the intermediate portion being so formed as to allow of
sufficient flexibility to counteract any undue strain being transmitted from the
break block to the carriage.
In some cases it is advantageous to attach the spring directly and rigidly to the
break block, in which case the spring also assumes the following functions, namely:
-A hanger for the break block, an elastic medium between the break block and
the carriage, and a spring or power to keep the break block away from the wheel
when the break is not in action. This latter function may be made capable of
adjustment by a set screw or wedge, or by other means.
The spring may be made of one or more plates, and it may be made of flat,
round, or other section of steel. It may also be made of corrugated or other
forms,
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS OF SECURING THE HANDLES OF TABLE CUTLERY AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Harrison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1878.
ALBERT HARRISON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manager. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF SECURING THE HANDLES OF TABLE CUTLERY AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES."
My Invention relates to certain improvements in securing the handles of tablo
cutlery, forks, fish carvers, daggers, bread knives, and other similar or somewhat
similar articles to their respective blades or tangs, the object being to attach the
two parts more securely together and to prevent any twisting round of the blade,
thereby obtaining additional strength.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to table knives for example, I proceed
in the following manner, viz.:-Between the bolster proper and the handle I intro-
duce a washer, false bolster, or intermediate piece, which may correspond to the
shape of the bolster, and which is provided with a centre hole through which the
tang of the blade is passed; it is also provided with a recess on its under side which
may be of an oval, oblong, or other suitable shape.
The end of the handle is reduced to correspond in depth and shape, and made to
fit tightly into the recess above described.
A portion of the tang is provided with a screw thread, and a corresponding thread
is formed in the hole provided in the handle of the tang.
The washer or intermediate part being placed on the end of the handle with the
short projection of the handle fitting into the recess before described, the tang is
passed through the centre hole and screwed into the handle until the parts are firmly
gripped together; the intermediate piece is then adjusted and secured to the boister
by soft solder, pins, studs, or other suitable means, according to the shape or pattern
of the bolster or handle.
In some cases the part which I term the washer or intermediate piece may form
half of the finished bolster, so that when put together there shall be no difference in

page_text: appearance from the bolsters of ordinary table cutlery, and in other cases the inter-
mediate part may form a considerable portion of the handle.
It is evident that various modifications may be made in the proportions of the
parts, and in the means of securing the washer or intermediate piece to the bolster
or tang without departing from the principle of the Invention.
MENTS IN PREPARING CANE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Charles Nutter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1878.
FREDERICK CHARLES NUTTER, of the City of London, Manufacturer.
MENTS IN PREPARING CANE,"
"IMPROVE-
This Invention consists in an improved process for treating or preparing cane,
whereby the dye is fixed so as not to be affected by heat or moisture, and the.
quality and appearance of the cane greatly improved, so as closely to resemble
whalebone or horn, as a substitute for which it may now be used in the manufac-
ture of the better kinds of stays and corsets.
Further, baskets and other articles made from cane prepared according to my
Invention may be washed, as my improved process renders the cane impermeable
to water.
In carrying out my Invention I first dye the cane (previously cut into strips of
the required dimensions), preferably by saturating it with a solution of nitrate of
iron, logwood, and copperas. I then saturate the cane thus dyed in a solution
of albumen, preferably under pressure, until the cane is more or less thoroughly
impregnated with the solution, according to the quality required, after which the
albumen is coagulated.
Cane thus treated or prepared may be polished, and will have all the appearance
of bone, of which, in fact, it now possesses many of the qualities, and the dye, as
herein-before described, is fixed, and will not be affected by heat or moisture, which
has not hitherto been the case.
A NEW OR IM- PROVED BURNER FOR HYDROCARBON AND SPIRIT LAMPS, AND IN THE BURNING FLUID TO BE EMPLOYED THERE WITH
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Newton Wilson and Charles Frederick
Hengst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December
1878.
NEWTON WILSON, of 144, High Holborn, and CHARLES FREDERICK HENGST, of
Kentish Town, both in the County of Middlesex, Engineers. "A NEW OR IM-
PROVED BURNER FOR HYDROCARBON AND SPIRIT LAMPS, AND IN THE BURNING
FLUID TO BE EMPLOYED THERE WITH."
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of burner for
hydrocarbon and spirit lamps, and to a peculiar burning fluid to be used therewith,
and consists essentially of a metal tube or chamber containing cotton, sponge, or
other absorbent material, which tube is closed at the top, but communicates by a
small lateral passage with a second small chamber disposed at right angles to the
first mentioned tube or chamber, and above the top thereof. In this second
chamber there is screwed a hollow closed metal plug, having a minute aperture of
any desired shape made in one side thereof. Immediately opposite to the said
aperture and behind the said plug rises a metal plate, which may be fan shaped or
widened towards its upper edge. The upper edge of this plate is slightly curved
forward over the burner, for the purpose hereinafter explained.
In using this burner, we prefer to employ a mixture of any cheap burning spirit
or light hydrocarbon oil and petroleum or other heavier hydrocarbon oil in or
about the proportions of, say, 70 per cent. of spirit or light hydrocarbon oil to
30 per cent. of petroleum or heavier hydrocarbon oil, whereby a whiter light is
obtained; but if preferred spirit alone or light hydrocarbon oil may be used. The
spirit or mixture is supplied from a reservoir and rises up the burner, its flow being
checked by the absorbent material. The spirit or oil escapes to a limited extent
through the minute aperture in the burner, and is there ignited. The flame thus
produced by heating the metal plate and surrounding parts causes the liquid to be
vaporised, the result being a species of gas flame, which by the peculiar shape of
מ.
.

page_text: the metal plate is diverted into a horizontal or nearly horizontal direction, allowing
a free access of air thereto, and producing a brilliant and inexpensive light, An
extinguisher or cap is provided for fitting over the hollow plug or burner, and
instantly extinguishing the light, the supply of liquid being also shut off by
a tap.
ELECTRIC LIGHTING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Forbes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1878.
GEORGE FORBES, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark.
ELECTRIC LIGHTING."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object improvements in electric lighting. At the
present time a great obstacle to the progress of electric lighting is the difficulty in
establishing any considerable number of lights in connection with one electric
circuit. Also the difficulty there is in reducing the intensity of the light, and the
amount of electric energy expended at each "burner."
To overcome these difficulties, I so arrange the apparatus that the light is
exhibited in flashes of extremely short duration, and bearing also but a small
proportion (which proportion however I am able to vary at pleasure) to the
intervals of darkness between the flashes. The interval between the flashes is in
no case allowed to exceed a small fraction of a second, and the optical effect which
the flashes produce does not differ from that of a continuous light of smaller
intensity, which intensity increases and diminishes with the number of flashes per
second. I employ carbon points, to which I impart movement mechanically, and
thus cause a sufficiently rapid make and break of contact. The flash of light occurs
only at the instant of breaking contact, and then only is the electrical energy
expended or withdrawn from the circuit by which other burners are supplied with
clectricity.
A convenient way of giving a sufficiently rapid motion to the carbon points is
by mounting them upon a revolving wheel.
APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WINDOW SASHES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Turner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1878.
WILLIAM TURNER, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster.
APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WINDOW SASHES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for raising and lowering
window sashes. It is well known that the operation of opening and closing the
sashes of ordinary windows is frequently difficult and troublesome owing to the
liability of the frame to become locked in the slides through not having been lifted
or lowered perpendicularly. To obviate the difficulty referred to, I provide each
side of the sash with two anti-friction rollers placed one as near to the top and the
other as near to the bottom of the side framing as practicable; the rollers and the
frames supporting them being let into the frame so as to leave the periphery of the
roller projecting somewhat therefrom, thereby substituting a rolling for a sliding
movement, and rendering "locking" as above referred to impossible.
To the upper framing of the sash I attach a cord by which the sash may be pulled
down, and another cord, also attached to the upper framing, passing over a pulley
and working in a suitable frame secured to the upper part of the window framing
is employed for raising the sash.
The arrangement of anti-friction rollers and cords as above described affords
facilities for opening the sashes of windows at any altitude, thus dispensing with
the use of ladders, poles, and other devices commonly employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF JUTE, JUTE-ROOTS, AND CUTTINGS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Julius Sachs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1878.
JOSEPH JULIUS SACHS, of Barrow in Furness, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF JUTE, JUTE-ROOTS, AND CUTTINGS IN ORDER
TO OBTAIN FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to the treatment of jute, jute-roots, and jute-cuttings, after
such matters have been boiled, steeped, or otherwise treated in an ordinary manner.
Previously to my Invention great difficulty has been experienced in effectually
separating the useful fibres from the outer skin or woody part, and in getting
rid of the dark specks, and as a consequence the fibres could not be perfectly
bleached, and white paper could not be produced therefrom without an admixture
of other fibrous material to counteract to some extent the loss of strength arising
from the overbleaching of the jute fibre. According to my Invention I subject
the said jute, jute-cuttings, or roots to the action of squeezing rollers, beatles,
softening rollers, fluted rollers, or other apparatus which will subject the said
substances to a squeezing, kneading, hammering, beatling, or pressing process, or to
a combination of such effects, so that the fibres are softened, opened out, and
separated from the outer skin, woody particles, and dark colored specks. The fibres
are subsequently washed or steeped until the foreign matters are entirely or
sufficiently separated and discharged. The fibres are then in condition to be sub-
jected to the bleaching process, and may thereby be rendered sufficiently white
without any great loss in strength, the process of bleaching being rendered easier,
more expeditious, and more economical. The fibres so obtained may be employed
in the manufacture of paper, either alone or mixed with other fibrous matters, or
may be spun into yarn or be otherwise employed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE DISCHARGE OF WATER RESULTING FROM CON- DENSATION IN STEAM PIPES AND OTHER RECEIVERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles de Nottbeck at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1878.
CHARLES DE NOTTBECK, of Petersburgh (Russia), Civil Engineer.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE DISCHARGE OF WATER RESULTING FROM CON-
DENSATION IN STEAM PIPES AND OTHER RECEIVERS."
This Invention has for its object to ensure the discharge of water resulting from
condensation in pipes for the circulation of steam, or in receivers containing aeriform
fluids more or less charged with moisture.
All apparatus at present in use for this object has the inconvenience of allowing
the escape of steam together with the water resulting from condensation, and the
construction gives no guarantee for regularity of action.
The apparatus now proposed consists of a cylindrical box, in the centre of which
at one end there is an entrance passage formed through a boss, upon which a screw
thread is cut, so that the apparatus may be readily fixed to the pipe or receiver in
any position in which it may be convenient to draw off the water. The bottom of
the box is penetrated by a tube which rises up within the box, with the interior of
which however it communicates only by small perforations in the side of the tube
immediately above the bottom of the box. The water entering the box can only
escape by these holes.
Upon the tube another cylindrical box is able to alide; it is closed hermetically,
and is sufficiently light in its construction to float upon the water which accumu-
lates in the lower part of the outer box. It works easily upon the tube which
passes through the middle of it, but it fits it sufficiently well to prevent the passage
of steam by the holes in the side of the tube when it covers them.
The condensed water accumulating in the lower part of the box thus raises the
float, which sliding upon the tube can rise, uncovering the holes and letting the
water run out but without allowing the steam to pass; then when the water has
escaped the float falls again, covering the outlets, and its lower part dipping into
the water makes a tight joint to prevent the escape of steam.

page_text: Upon the closed upper end of the central tube there is arranged (upon a small
support) a thin metal disc forming a guard to direct the water coming in by, the
entrance passage towards the sides of the box. Two or more small holes pierced in
the upper part of the guard give free passage to the air to enter or escape, according
as the box is filling or emptying.
5
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PRODUCING DESIGNS IN RELIEF FOR OBTAININg Moulds theREFROM, FROM WHICH ORNAMENTAL AND OTHER ARTICLES, DESIGNS, AND PATTERNS CAN BE PRODUCED
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stripp at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1878.
WILLIAM STRIPP, of Saint Austell, in the County of Cornwall. "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS OF PRODUCING DESIGNS IN RELIEF FOR OBTAININg Moulds theREFROM,
FROM WHICH ORNAMENTAL AND OTHER ARTICLES, DESIGNS, AND PATTERNS CAN BE
PRODUCED."
My Invention relates to an improved method of producing designs in relief for
obtaining therefrom moulds by which ornamental or other designs, patterns, or
articles may be reproduced in any desired number.
In practising my Invention 1 proceed as follows:-On a porous material, such as
paper, silk, linen, wood, leather, or unglazed earthenware, with a solution of chloride
of calcium mixed with glue or gum or other suitable adhesive material, and with
powdered chalk or any material containing carbonic acid gas (or any other pre-
paration capable of generating a gas on the application of an acid), I draw with a
pen or brush the design it is desired to reproduce.
To render the drawing more visible and so facilitate the work of the artist, a
small proportion of lampblack or any suitable pigment may be added. This design
is then dried and the surface of the paper or other material on which the design
has been drawn is coated with a varnish, and when the varnish is nearly dry, the
paper or other material is moistened with an acid capable of disengaging the carbonic
acid or other gas, such as a weak solution of sulphuric acid, the paper or other
material being for this purpose moistened on the back and immediately laid smoothly
and without wrinkles on a smooth surface, also wetted with dilute acid, such as
a glass plate, to prevent the escape of the gas.
When the expansion of the gas beneath the film of varnish has raised the latter
in relief wherever it covers the lines of the design, a plaster cast inay be taken
therefrom, which may either be used as a mould for the reproduction of the design
or from which a mould may be produced in any suitable way, according to the pur-
pose for which it is to be used. Or instead of a plaster cast, an electrotype can be
obtained from the design produced in relief, as above described, in the ordinary way.

page_text: If however it is desired to obtain a second and still higher relief of parts of the
design produced as above described, these parts are drawn upon with a solution of
carbonate of ammonia, and gum, or similar adhesive material, and the whole again
brushed over or covered with the varnish, to which, when nearly dry, a gentle heat
is applied, and when the design is sufficiently raised, a cast or clectrotype can be 5
obtained therefrom.
If desired, the latter process may be substituted for the first above described.
AN IMPROVED KNIFE CLEANING MACHINE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ellis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1878.
GEORGE HENRY ELLIS, of Stevenage, in the County of Herts, Engineer. "AN
IMPROVED KNIFE CLEANING MACHINE."
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved knife cleaning
machine where the parts are fewer and are arranged in a simpler manner than
heretofore. It affords the utmost facility for an unskilled person to operate it, and
is little liable to get out of order. It also provides for feeding the cleaning
surfaces with knife powder automatically.
The improved machine is constructed of two raised discs or plates, preferably
stamped out of sheet metal with a hole in the centre fitting over a vertical pin or
spindle, and when placed together the discs are held firmly by a top nut, so that
they become temporarily fixed to the pin or spindle and revolve therewith. The
discs are fitted with a strip of felt or other suitable material placed round the outer
part of the surface of the discs in the form of a washer or flat rim, the outer edge
of the felt being so fitted round the outer portions of the discs as to leave no raw
edge.
On the working surfaces of the felt washers or rims I form a number of radial
or other grooves, such grooves affording channels for the polishing or cleaning
powder, which, by the centrifugal action of the discs when in motion, is brought
from the centre of the discs, thus automatically keeping the powder where it is
required for cleaning or polishing the knives, videlicet, between the surfaces of the
felt washers or rims.
In cases where it is not wanted to feed with knife powder automatically I put
a series of holes all over the cleaning surfaces, which have the effect of retaining
the powder after being filled therewith.

page_text: I provide a suitable stand or pedestal having a socket or hollow tube in the
centre, and the spindle carrying the discs is fitted loosely therein. The upper disc
is provided with a handle for turning the same. I also provide and fit to the stand
or pedestal a suitable arm rest for the knife whilst being cleaned.
To prevent injury to the end of the knife a small tubular washer or sleeve of 5
suitable soft material is placed on the spindle between the discs.
SIGNALLING AT ANY DESIRED REGISTERED NUMBER."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Moon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1878.
HENRY MOON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
SIGNALLING AT ANY DESIRED REGISTERED NUMBER."
"AN INDICATOR FOR
I construct a bracket of any form suitable to any requirement, and this has two
supports or bearings carrying an archimedian screw, ratchet wheel, and lever; this
said lever actuates the ratchet wheel turning the archimedian screw geared into a
disc wheel, to which a register plate is connected by means of a spring pawl; the
loose disc by the raising of the said pawl may be instantly set at any desired
number; when reaching this number the alarm is instantly discharged by means of
a lever falling into a slot, the alarm being produced with a bell or gong.
The essential feature of the Invention is the application of the register or index
plate actuated by a toothed wheel in connection with the pawl, as an indicator for
signalling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPING BOTTLES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Warne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1878.
JOHN WARNE, of 113, 114, and 115, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey,
Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPING BOTTLES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in stopping bottles, and applies
more particularly to bottles for containing aerated liquids. For this purpose I
form at the upper part and outside of the neck of the bottle lugs, the under sides
of which are inclined. Over these lugs and the mouth of the bottle I place a cap
or stopper. This cap or stopper I form with a flange projecting inwards, having
slots cut in it to allow it to pass over the lugs on the neck of the bottle. In the
base of the cap I place a disc of cork.
In closing a bottle with a stopper thus constructed it is first placed over the lugs,
the slots in the flange allowing it to pass; to the cap or stopper is then given a
partial turn. The inner surface of the flange impinging on the inclined surfaces of
the lugs causes the cap or stopper to be drawn down tightly against the mouth of
the bottle, thus securely closing it with the disc of cork contained in the base of the
cap or stopper.
To open the bottle it is only necessary to turn the cap or stopper in the opposite
direction and remove it, when the contents of the bottle may be poured out.
These stoppers may be constructed of glass, metal, or any other suitable material.
By this Invention the use of wire or string to secure the stoppers of bottles
containing aerated liquids is entirely avoided.
This Invention is applicable to stopping bottles other than those for containing
aerated liquids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gardner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1878. A communication
from abroad by Georges Pellerin, of Paris, France, Merchant.
HENRY GARDNER, of No. 40, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent.
A communication
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES."
from abroad by Georges Pellerin, of Paris, France, Merchant.
Several methods have been proposed to improve the usual mode of closing.
umbrellas and like articles. For example, to effect this operation by the same hand
which holds the handle, and thereby avoid the necessity of using the other hand
to press in the upper spring.
The system proposed by the present Invention has this advantage, it changes
nothing in the ordinary mountings of umbrellas, parasols, and the like, to which can
be adapted additional pieces of great simplicity.
The details of the Invention are a V or double legged lever fitted within the
upper groove of the stick or cane, one leg being within reach of a claw or bent end
of the usual retaining spring, and the other leg in proximity with a claw on the
upper end of a sliding bar or rod which is fitted in a groove of the stick or cane
and retained in position by pins riding in slots formed in the rod.
The groove in which the usual lower spring works has also a V or double ended
lever, one end to act upon a claw or bent end of the spring itself, and the other within
reach of another claw upon the sliding rod at that part. The lower end of the
sliding rod or bar is provided with a button or knob which is within reach of the
fingers of the hand by which umbrella is held, in order that it can be acted
upon by them, and by this means draw down the rod to cause its claw to pull in the
upper spring to release the runner, when the tension of the covering and the springy
action of the ribs and stretchers will cause a self closing movement of the umbrella
to take place.

page_text: In opening the umbrella, the button or knob can be drawn downwards to cause
the double ended lever of the lower groove to draw the usual spring inwards and
thus release the runner.
The essential feature of this Invention is, having command of the usual catch
springs of umbrellas, parasols, and like articles by V shaped levers and a clawed rod
whose lower end is near the handle in order that the releasing of the runner for
closing purposes may be effected by the same hand which holds the article.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN WORKING HIDES, SKINS, AND LEATHER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Turner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th January 1878.
CHARLES TURNER, of Lenton, in the County of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN WORKING HIDES, SKINS, AND
LEATHER."
I employ two modifications of machinery and apparatus; the first consists of two
standards connected together by suitable framing, the standards carry bearings to
receive the axle of a cylinder covered with india-rubber or other suitable material;
the cylinder is caused to revolve by means of a belt, which is passed round a pulley
secured on one end of the axle, and also round a drum or pulley on a main driving
shaft above the machine. There are also one or more other cylinders or shafts,
which revolve in bearings which may form part of a frame capable of adjustment
upon or between the standards; these cylinders or shafts are provided with pulleys,
round which belts are passed from the main driving shaft; each cylinder or shaft
carries two series of reversely inclined helically coiled brushes and spring blades or
scrapers, the pressure of the brushes and blades or scrapers upon the india-rubber
covered cylinder may be adjusted by weighted levers or set screws, but are capable
of being lifted clear of the cylinder by a hand lever operated by the attendant
workman; the hide, skin, or leather to be operated upon is placed upon the india-
rubber covered cylinder, and the brushes and blades being lowered upon it perform
the work required as the cylinder revolves.
The second modification consists of two standards connected by framing, and
carrying bearings for a shaft upon which two toothed wheels are secured, the teeth of
which successively take into sectional lengths of teeth secured to the under side of
a number of lags, the ends of each of which project endways beyond the teeth, and
slide at each end in two adjustable cam grooves; the top side of the lags form a level
surface upon which the hide, skin, or leather to be worked is placed. The shaft
carrying the toothed wheels may be revolved by a worm and wheel, or by a belt or
belts from a main shaft, above the lags is a frame hinged at each end to the standards,
or to an axle supported by them; this frame is capable of adjustment to or from the
lags by set screws and inclined surfaces, the frame is grooved on the inside near the

page_text: upper and lower edges to receive the ends of brushes and spring blades or scrapers,
each of which are secured to and carried by two or more endless belts revolving in
reverse directions, the belts pass round pulleys actuated by independent driving
belts or toothed gearing; behind the frame are bearings for the axle of a roller
which presses upon the goods assists to keep them flat while the brushes and
blades or scrapers are working them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE MACHINE BELTING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1878. A communication from
Gustav Adolf Pickhardt and Carl Wilhelm Sturmberg, trading under the
Firm of Pickhardt & Sturmberg, of Elberfeld, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE
MACHINE BELTING." [A communication from Gustav Adolf Pickhardt and Carl
Wilhelm Sturmberg, trading under the Firm of Pickhardt & Sturmberg, of Elberfeld,
in the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention consists in the manufacture of driving belts of wire by placing a
series of flat spirals side by side, which are either hung directly into each other or
are passed round pieces of straight wire placed in the same direction as the spirals.
The wire may be of any suitable material.
If the belts are to work unlined it is preferable that the belt wheels should
be covered with leather or any other suitable material; the belts may however be
lined with leather or any other suitable material, and the lining is attached in such a
manner that the same has to carry no strain, but only serves to increase the friction
between the belt and wheel.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ROAD PLAINER OR IMPLEMENT FOR REPAIRING COUNTRY ROADS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Guy Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1878. A communication from
abroad by Gustav Weber, of Radeck, near Lueben, Silesia, in the Empire of
Germany.
JOHN GUY WILSON, of 71, Market St., in the City of Manchester, and 8, Quality
Court, Chancery Lane, in the City of London, Mechanical Engineer and Patent
Agent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED ROAD PLAINER OR IMPLEMENT FOR REPAIRING
COUNTRY ROADS." [A communication from abroad by Gustav Weber, of Radeck,
near Lueben, Silesia, in the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of an implement for
levelling, plaining, and curving or rounding the surface of country roads which have
become damaged or cut up by the wheels of passing vehicles, and this Invention is
calculated to dispence to a large extent with the manuel labor hitherto employed in
making such repairs.
The implement consists essentially of a rectangular wooden beam, along one side
of which is an O G or other suitable moulded wrought-iron plate; the bottom of
this beam is armed along its whole length with a wrought-iron or steel plate having
a sharpened edge which projects beyond the moulded plate herein-before mentioned,
and so forms the share and sole of the implement.
This implement is furnished with a pair of handles after the manner of a plough,
and is drawn by one or more horses secured by draw chains to suitable rings, and
in such a manner that the implement is drawn along the road at an angle of, say,
about 120 degrees with the line of the road.
The action of this implement is to cut off the projecting or uneven surface of the
road formed by the cart ruts, and to push the loose ground so cut off towards the
middle of the road, and in so doing to fill up the ruts and at the same time give to
the road the required round or curve.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS for CLEANING COTTON SEED."
Year: 1878

page_text: 86
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marshall Arthur Wier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1878.
MARSHALL ARTHUR WIER, of Shepherd's Bush, in the County of Middlesex.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS for CLEANING COTTON SEED."
The object of the Invention is to detach from cotton seeds the fibres of cotton
which remain attached thereto after the process of ginning, and specially refers
to the treatment of those cotton seeds from which it is intended to extract the
oil, and to convert the residue into oil cake.
Heretofore, it has been found difficult or impossible to accomplish this com-
mercially, especially in the case of United States seed, whilst it is well known
that the presence of the cotton fibres on the seed acts injuriously upon cattle
eating the oil cake made from such seed.
The apparatus forming the subject of this Invention consists of a cylinder which
may be of woven wire or perforated sheet metal, or otherwise adapted with a
number of ribs or projections on its inner curved surface, and with openings or
perforations through it between the said ribs or projections. In this cylinder a
shaft is adapted to revolve, carrying upon it flaps or blades of any suitable material,
but preferably of perforated material or woven wirework; these flaps or blades may
or may not be provided with hinged segmental wings at their outer edges.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The seed being introduced into the
cylinder, and the shaft with its flaps or blades being caused to revolve at a more
or less rapid rate, the seed is carried round and thrown about on the interior
surface of the cylinder, so that every side of the seed is rubbed against the wire
or other ribs or projections composing it, and the cotton fibres are removed from
the seed.
When the hinged flaps or blades are employed they adjust themselves as to
position according to the quantity of seed between them and the cylinder, the
centrifugal force generated by the motion of the flaps or blades causing the seed to
be rubbed with a force proportionate to the speed. The said centrifugal force also
sets up a current of air similar to that of a centrifugal blower, whereby the cotton
Dmine 911
.C.

page_text: fibres are blown through the meshes or perforations in the cylinder as fast as they
are detached from the seed.
The apparatus is by preference adapted with self-feeding and discharging
apparatus operated by worm gearing or other suitable means from the revolving
shaft, whereby the seed may be introduced into and withdrawn from the cylinder
without stopping the motion of the shaft.
The whole apparatus may be enclosed in a case, and the detached cotton fibres
blown or drawn away therefrom as may be convenient.
AN IMPROVED DOOR FASTENING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Symonds Foster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1878.
JOSEPH SYMONDS FOSTER, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman.
"AN IMPROVED DOOR FASTENING."
This Invention relates to an improved door fastening which answers the purpose
both of a check and a bolt.
The improved fastening consists of a rod or bar formed of straight wire having its
ends bent in the form of hooks (or it may be of a link form). One end of the bar
hooks into a staple or hook on the door jainb, and the other end lies and plays in a
loop hung by its ends to suitable staples on the door.
By this improved fastening the door can be opened and held in any desired
position for the purposes of ventilation or otherwise, or for communication between
anyone on the outside and anyone on the inside other than the passing of the
person from the outside to the inside. The desired opening of the door in the
use and for the purposes of this Invention is regulated by the length of the rod, or
bar, or link.
To open the door wider close the door, pull the hinged loop forward, and slide the
rod or bar to the right or left (as the case may be), until its end has passed the edge
of the door, when the door can be further opened. The rod can then be removed or
left hanging on the staple. To prevent it being misplaced or lost its end might
have a closed eye, or one end may be enlarged.
The hinged loop is secured by closed eyes to the staples, but if desired to detach
and attach it readily to and from the door, or when used in connection with a link,
the eyes may be open.
When the rod or bar is of a link form the loop must have one or both of its eyes
left open, so that if desired to open the door farther the loop can be withdrawn from
the link.
The arrangement of the several parts with a suitable length of rod, or bar, or link
renders it impossible for any person from the outside to open the door any farther.

page_text: than the length of the rod, or bar, or link will permit except by cutting or breaking
the several parts and their connection to the door.
If the rod or bar is attached to the staple by a closed eye then the hinged loop
must be of such a length and hung at such a distance from the staple when the door
is closed that when the loop is turned over the end of the rod or bar can be swung
forward free and clear from the loop, when the door can be opened as desired.
When the door is closed the rod or bar can serve for a bolt by moving it a sufficient
distance to the right.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cowburn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1878.
THOMAS COWBURN, of the City and County of Bristol.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
My Invention relates to the channelling or cutting the grooves in soles of boots
or shoes for attaching by sewing, and consists of an arrangement of apparatus
whereby that operation is performed automatically. The same apparatus can also
be used for paring the edges of the soles and heels, or for pricking the holes round
the edge of the soles and heels when they are to be rivetted on.
In carrying out my Invention I place the sole on a block or rest, and hold it in
position by a presser or holder. On the block is a guide ring of the same form as
the groove or edge of the sole. The cutting knives are held in a sliding piece
which slides freely in a radial arm fixed on an axis nearly concentric with the
centre of the sole. The sliding piece is connected to the guide ring by friction
rollers or other equivalents, so that as the arm rotates the knives follow the con-
formation of the guide.
For paring the edges a knife of suitable shape is fixed in the sliding piece to
pare round the edge at the same time as when channelling, or the paring may be
effected by a separate operation.
For pricking the rivet holes the punch is carried on one end of a lever with a
fulcrum in the sliding piece on the radial arm. The other end of the lever is held
down by a spring and forced up by the guide ring, or it may be a separate ring
notched or serrated on the edge so that as the arm rotates the end of the lever
rises up the inclined face of the notch and presses the punch at the other end of the
lever into the sole; and as the lever passes over the notch it is drawn quickly back

page_text: by the spring. Or the spring may be made to drive the punch into the sole, and
be drawn back by the inclined face of the notch on the guide ring.
For maintaining the cutting knives at the same relative angle with the edge of
the sole I use the means described by me for a similar purpose in the Specification
to Letters Patent granted to me, dated the 8th November 1877, No. 4169.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PATTERNS FOR AND IN PRODUCING DEVICES BY THE SAND BLAST PROCESS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Max Sombart at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1878. A communi-
cation from Hermann Würz, of Elberfeld, in the Empire of Germany.
CHARLES MAX SOMBART, of the Firm of Buss, Sombart, and Company, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of Magdeburg and Berlin, both in the Empire of Germany.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PATTERNS FOR AND IN PRODUCING
DEVICES BY THE SAND BLAST PROCESS." A communication from Hermann Würz,
of Elberfeld, in the Empire of Germany.
The aim of this Invention is to produce pictures on glass or other bodies in any
number, and in the simplest and most practical manner possible by means of the
sand blowing process, and for this purpose the Invention consists in constructing
and using a pattern to be printed on or otherwise made of silk, paper, or a similar
material, and covered with composition. A composition suitable for this purpose
may be obtained, for instance, by well mixing 100 parts of wax, 50 parts of
Venetian turpentine, and 12 parts of glue with as much glycerine as is necessary
for dissolving the glue, and as much cinnabar as suffices to give an effective colour
to the mixture. An equal quantity of gelatine or dextrine may be substituted for
the glue, and any colouring matter may be used. The printing upon the pattern is
most conveniently made by a printing machine (copper printing machine) by means
of a printing plate, on which the design to be produced has been engraved. Any
design made in this manner and by means of the colour composition mentioned
above, or any other suitable colour composition, represents a convenient pattern for
the sand blower. In order to connect this pattern with the object to be onamented
the latter is first to be cleaned and moderately warmed, then slightly wetted with

page_text: turpentine-oil. After this has dried so that the surface remains still a little
glutinous, which will be the case in a few seconds, the pattern is laid upon it with
the coloured side exposed, and is pressed down either with the hand, or with a soft
body, or by other convenient means. If the surface with the pattern fixed thus
upon it is exposed to the sand blower the particles thrown against the pattern will
take off the thin paper but not the colour.