IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PUMPS, AND TO STEAM, HYDRAULIC, AND OTHER PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Henry Ward, of the Firm of Howl, Ward, and
Howl, Engineers, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PUMPS, AND TO STEAM, HYDRAULIC, AND OTHER
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Henry Ward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1881.
THOMAS HENRY WARD, of the Firm of Howl, Ward, and Howl, Engineers, of
Tipton, in the County of Stafford. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS, PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PUMPS, AND TO STEAM,
HYDRAULIC, AND OTHER OTHER ENGINES, AND TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to improvements in non rotary horizontal steam pumps,
single and compound, but parts of my Invention are applicable to hydraulic and
other engines and pumps, and to other similar purposes.
One part of my Invention has reference to improvements in internal valve gear
for steam cylinders, actuated directly by a piston at each end of its stroke in such
a manner that the action of pushing a slide bolt, lever, or tappet out of the path
of the piston at the one end of the cylinder, not only reverses the valve, but also
ensures the corresponding slide bolt, lever, or tappet at the other end being in the
path of the piston at the return stroke. This part of my Invention is applicable
both when a single valve is used commanding both the exhaust ports as well as the
steam port, and when its equivalents, videlicit, two minor valves are used.
The mode of carrying out the Invention is varied according to the type of engine
to which it is intended to be applied, viz.
1st. Single cylinder engines, in which one cylinder has one valve actuated by
one piston.
2nd. Compound cylinder engines, in which two cylinders have two valves.
actuated by one piston.

page_text: 3rd. Compound cylinder engines, in which two cylinders have one valve actuated
by one piston.
Compound cylinder engines, in which two cylinders have one valve actuated
by two pistons.
4th.
5th. Compound cylinder engines, in which two cylinders have two valves
actuated by two pistons. The valve gear is all contained within ports, recesses, or
chambers inside the cylinder, or between its covers, in such a manner that there is
no external moving part necessary.
In applying my Invention to engines of the first type hereinbefore referred to,
viz, single cylinder engines, in which one cylinder has one valve actuated by one
piston, I proceed in the following manner:-I employ an ordinary slide valve, at
both ends of which a slide bolt extends to the respective ends of the cylinder.
The extreme ends of these bolts are bevelled off on the one side. At both these
ends respectively a smaller shooting or slide bolt is situate at right angles to the
same and consequently to the piston path, the said shooting or sliding bolts having
corresponding bevels on both ends on that side of the bolts which faces the piston.
Each shooting bolt has a slot, hole, or recess into which a pin enters for the purpose
of preventing the bolt from dropping out altogether. The shooting bolt slides in a
corresponding pocket, which is cast open at the top end in order to file it out
square, and is plugged up again afterwards by means of a piece of metal of
corresponding form.
The gear operates in the following manner:-
Assuming the steam to be operating on one side of the piston, the latter is forced
to the other end of the cylinder; here it strikes the level of one of the corresponding
small bolts, and shoots back this bolt out of its path. This small bolt shoots back.
the larger one which carries the valve in a similar manner, and the operation at the
other end of the cylinder is vice versa, relative to the piston through such valve.
As a modification of this arrangement, a two armed or bell crank lever or
tappet may project into the cylinder near its end in place of a shooting or sliding
bed, or a lever or series of levers may be actuated round a fulcrum by means of a
shooting bolt or by means of a two armed or bell crank lever or tappet; this
modification being more particularly applicable when circular valves are employed
in lieu of slide valves. The two aruied or bell crank lever or tappet may be located
in a recess formed in the cylinder cover.
In applying my Invention to the second type of engine, viz., a compound
cylinder engine, in which two cylinders having two valves actuated by one piston
are used, the valve gear is arranged in a similar manner to that herein before
described, both valves being actuated by either of the pistons, and each cylinder
having separate valves which move as one valve; by this arrangement the exhaust
of the high pressure cylinder serves as steam to the low pressure cylinder, for
being simply conducted from the high pressure cylinder exhaust port to the low
pressure cylinder steam chest.
In applying my Invention to the third type of engine, viz., a compound cylinder
engine, in which two cylinders having one valve actuated by one piston are used,
I employ a double or twin valve covering a double set of ports and actuated by
one piston, the said ports and valves being common to the two cylinders. The
two outside ports serve for the high pressure cylinder, from either of which they
exhaust by means of the valves into corresponding exhaust ports; but instead of
the steam really exhausting here, these ports convey the steam into the low
pressure cylinder, and after serving in such cylinder it passes into the real exhaust
port through the valve as before. By this arrangement also the exhaust of the
high pressure cylinder serves as steam to the low pressure cylinder through the
same steam chest.
In applying my Invention to the fourth type of engine, viz., compound
cylinder engines in which two cylinders have one valve actuated by two pistons,
I employ arrangements of valve gear similar to those hereinbefore described with
reference to the first type of engine, with the exception that the shooting bolts

page_text: may
or two armed or bell crank levers or tappets are arranged one in one end of each of
the cylinders, and are actuated by one side of each piston, one twin valve being
employed, or its equivalent in two valves common to the two cylinders. Or I
arrange the steam chest directly in between two cylinders covers and actuate the
twin valve from one end of each piston, but without the intervention of the
shooting bolt, two armed or bell crank lever, or tappet, the sliding rod itself being
struck.
In applying my Invention to the fifth type of engine, viz., compound cylinder
engines in which two cylinders have two valves actuated by two pistons, I arrange
the valve gear in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to the first
type of engine, but in duplicate so as to actuate the valves of the two cylinders.
I do not confine myself to the use of an ordinary slide valve, since other valves,
such as circular, piston, bonnet, or beat valves, are applicable to one or more of these
orders of valve gears.
In the examples herein before given, I have assumed that the Invention is
applied to compound engines of the class known as "Tandem" compounds, in
which the pistons can only move. together, but it is obvious the whole of these
arrangements are applicable to those classes of compound engines in which the
cylinders are arranged side by side, so long as the pistons are made to move
together as one, either in the same or opposite directions.
Another part of my Invention relates to improvements in the piston stuffing
boxes where the two cylinder covers face each other, and where the glands serve
as fulcra for the tightening appliances.
According to this part of my Invention, in lieu of having separate bolts to screw
up each stuffing box gland where two stuffing boxes come opposite, I use each
gland as a fulcrum for tightening up the other. For example, I may employ a
central annular bolt through which the piston rod is threaded, thrusting on to one
gland, whilst its nut thrusts against the other in the action of being screwed up,
thereby enclosing and protecting the piston rod from damage; or I may employ as
an equivalent arrangement one or more such bolts arranged around the piston rods.
These bolts may be dovetailed into the glands to ensure their being drawn out.
Another part of my Invention relates to improvements in valves and valve
boxes in connection with the water cylinder. In carrying out this part of my
Invention, the valve box may be cast with the water cylinder or separate therefrom,
but I cast such box open from end to end or at one [end only. The box may be
circular in formn; four annular rings are cast inside, answering to the four seats of
the respective valves, namely, two suction and two delivery valves. A lid is
provided to each end of such valve box situate in a recess, placed by preference
on a leather rubber or other packing. A central bolt passes through the two lids
and holds them tight on their respective seats. The four valves are threaded along
the rod inside the box, all facing and opening towards the centre of the length of
the valve box, the two suction valves being outside the two delivery valves.
The centre bolt serves as a guide to the valves as a centre tie rod to the cover
or covers, and as a tension rod carrying the loads of the valve at the same time.
These circular valves fit inside the annular projections which are cast inside the
valve box, but instead of resting on these annular projections they take their seats
on collars or nuts fixed on to the central rod. The suction water is brought in
through its passage into the valve at either end, alternately passing through the
suction valve into the pump, out of the pump again, and through the delivery
valves, then through the delivery passage into the rising main. All the loaded
valves are resisted by the central bolt. By preference I introduce rubber or leather
cushions between the nut of the bolt and the outside of the lid at each end,
thereby cushioning the respective valves when closing. The annular rings p, being
the same diameter inside, insures that this central rod with all the valves threaded
thereon can be readily drawn out of the valve box at any time; and in order to
facilitate this operation, radiating feathers are cast flush with the inside of the
annular ring which are bored out at the same time.

page_text: The valves and centre rod may be modified, as for example, the valves may be
provided with packing rings where a more perfect water tight valve is required.
In this case the parts are so arranged that one or two valves can be drawn out
from the other end in order to pass the leathers through the seats.
I may employ similar arrangements of valves, with the addition of annular valve
seats which are fixed on to the centre bolt, and through which water can pass
when the valves are open. The valves rest upon these seats which are fixed to
the centre bolt.
As a modification of the preceding arrangements, two valve boxes are employed
alike in construction and precisely similar to the one herein before described, but
each containing two valves arranged for the water to flow from the centre of its
length into the suction box, through the one set of valves, down ports, into the
pump, out of the pump through the other set of valves into the delivery. The last
part of my Invention relates to an improved piston packing suitable for cylinders
with flat surfaces, such as rotary engines. This packing consists of a trangular
section of metal, an apex of which beds into a corresponding V formed in the edge
of the piston in which it is free to rotate slightly. The pressure inside the cylinder
keeps the cylinder apex up against the side of the cylinder; and since it cannot pass
it, seals the joint.
That part of my Invention which relates to the steam cylinder is applicable
to other nonrotary steam cylinders, both vertical and horizontal, whether used for
pumping, blowing, or other power. The arrangements relating to the water
cylinder are applicable to other classes of pumping engines, whether hydraulic or
steam. The arrangements relating to the piston packing are applicable to either
steam, water, or other cylinders. The arrangements relating to the stuffing box
are applicable to steam, water, or other cylinders also.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Henry Ward in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th October 1881.
66
THOMAS HENRY WARD, of the Firm of Howe, Ward, and Howe, of Tipton, in
the County of Stafford. * IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PUMPS, AND TO STEAM, HYDRAULIC,
AND OTHER ENGINES, AND TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
My said Invention relates to improvements in steam pumps, single and com-
pound, but parts of my Invention are applicable to other pumps, and to steam,
hydraulic, and other engines, and to other similar purposes.
One part of my said Invention has reference to improvements in internal valve
gear for steam cylinders actuated directly by the piston, and it is carried out in the
following manner, videlicet:-In the case of single cylinder engines, in which one
cylinder has the valve actuated by one piston, I employ an ordinary slide valve, at
both ends of which a slide bolt extends to the respective ends of the cylinder. The
extreme ends of these bolts are bevelled off, and at both these ends respectively a
smaller shooting or slide bolt is situate at right angles, or nearly so, to the same,
and consequently to the piston path, the said shooting or sliding bolts having
corresponding bevels at both ends. Each shooting bolt has a slot, hole, or recess,
into which a pin enters for the purpose of preventing the bolt from dropping out
altogether.
This gear operates in the following manner :-
Assuming the steam to be operating on one side of the piston, the latter is forced
to the other end of the cylinder. Here it strikes the bevel of one of the corre-
sponding small bolts, and shoots back this bolt out of its path. This small bolt
shoots back the larger one, which carries the valve in a similar manner, and the
operation at the other end of the cylinder is vice versa, relative to the piston through
such valve.
In the case of a double, or even a compound cylinder engines, in which two
cylinders have one valve or its equivalent actuated by two pistons, the shooting
bolts may be arranged one in one end of each of the cylinders, and may be actuated
by one side of each piston, one twin valve being employed, or its equivalent in two
valves common to the two cylinders.
In lieu of an ordinary slide valve I may employ any other description of valve
having or actuated by a reciprocating motion.
Another part of my said Invention relates to improvements in the piston stuffing
boxes where the two cylinder covers face each other, and where the glands serve as
fulcra for the tightening appliances.
According to this part of my said Invention, I use each gland as a fulcrum for
tightening up the other by the employment of two or more bolts arranged around
the piston, and operating by means of nuts, so as to act upon the opposite glands.
These bolts may be dovetailed into the glands to ensure the latter being drawn
out.
Another part of my said Invention relates to improvements in valves and valve
boxes in connection with the water cylinder. In carrying out this part of my said
Invention the valve box may be cast with the water cylinder or separate therefrom,
but I cast such box open from end to end. The box may or may not be circular in form.
Four annular rings are cast inside, answering to the four seats of the respective valves,
namely, two suction and two delivery valves. A lid is provided to each end of such
valve box, situate, by preference, in a recess placed, by preference, on a leather, rubber,
or other packing. A central bolt passes through the two lids, and holds them tight

page_text: on their respective seats. The four valves are threaded along the rod inside the
box, by preference, all facing and opening towards the centre of the length of this
valve box, in which case the two suction valves are situate outside of the two
delivery valves, but the converse arrangement may be adopted. The centre bolt
serves as a guide to the valves, as a central tie rod to the covers, and as a tension
rod, carrying the loads of all the valves at the same time.
These circular valves, by preference, fit inside the annular projections, which are
cast inside the valve box; but instead of resting on these annular projections they
take their seats on collars or nuts fixed onto the central rod. The suction water is
brought in through its passage into the valve box at either end alternately, passing
through one of the suction valves into the pump, out of the pump again, and
through one of the delivery valves into the rising main. By preference I introduce
rubber or leather cushions between the nut of the bolt and the outside of the lid at
each end, thereby cushioning the respective valves when closing. The annular
rings being the same diameter inside ensures that this central rod with all the
valves threaded thereon can be readily drawn out of the valve box at any time;
and in order to facilitate this operation, radiating feathers are cast flush with the
inside of the annular ring, which are bored out at the same time. If preferred
however the outer annular rings may be a little larger than the inner ones.
The valves and central rod may be modified, as, for example, the valves may be
provided with packing rings or packing where a more perfect water tight valve is
required.
In this case the parts are so arranged that one or two valves can be drawn out
from the other end, in order to pass the leathers through the seats more readily.
If desired the cylinders may be cast open at one end only, one be fitted with one
removeable lid.
I may employ somewhat similar arrangements of valves, with the addition of
annular valve seats, which are fixed on to the centre bolt, and through which water
can pass when the valves are open. The valves rest upon these seats, which are
fixed to the central bolt.
As a modification of the preceding arrangements two valves boxes are employed,
alike in construction and precisely similar to the one herein before described, but
each containing two valves arranged for the water to flow from the centre of its
length into the suction box through the one set of valves, down ports into the
pump, out of the pump through the other set of valves into the delivery.
The last part of my said Invention relates to an improved piston packing
suitable for cylinders with flat surfaces. This packing consists of a triangular
section of metal or other suitable substance, an apex of which beds into a corre-
sponding V formed in the edge of the piston, in which it is free to rotate slightly.
The pressure inside the cylinder keeps the inside apex up against the side of the
cylinder, and since it cannot pass it seals the joint.
It is obvious that parts of my Invention are also applicable to other pump, and
to steam, hydraulic, and other engines, and to other similar purposes.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a longitudinal section of a
steam pump constructed according to my said Invention; Figures 2 and 3 are
transverse sections taken respectively along the lines 1, 2, 3, 4, in Figure 1; and
Figures 4, 5, and 6 are transverse sections taken respectively along the lines 5, 6,
7, 8, and 9, 10 in Figure 1; Figure 7 is a longitudinal section illustrating
a modi-
fication of the arrangement of valve gear adapted for compound engines; Figure 8
is a detail longitudinal section illustrating my improvements in the method of
tightening the glands of stuffing boxes; and Figure 9 is a plan of a portion of the
same; Figure 10 is a detail longitudinal section, and Figure 11 a detail sectional
plan, illustrating respectively two modifications in the arrangements of the valvular

page_text: apparatus or valve box or boxes for the pump cylinder; Figure 12 is a section
illustrating my improvements in piston packing.
My improvements in steam valve gear are illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of
the Drawings.
A is an ordinary slide valve, which is actuated by the piston B at each end of its
stroke in the cylinder E in the following manner, videlicet:-From the slide valve A
extend slide bolts C, C, at opposite ends to the respective ends of the cylinder; the
extreme ends of these bolts are bevelled off on the inside, as shewn at a, a, and at.
each of these ends a small sliding bolt D is arranged at or about right angles to the
bolt C, and consequently to the path of the piston, the said bolts D having corre-
sponding bevels b, c, at their opposite ends, and also being provided on the side of
each bolt with a slot, into which enters a pin & for the purpose of preventing the
bolt from dropping out.
The valve gear operates in the following manner, videlicet:-
Assuming the piston to be travelling in the direction indicated by the arrows in
Figure 1, on its arrival at the opposite end of the cylinder it acts upon the bevel c
of the sliding bolt D at their end, and thus forces that bolt out of its path. The
bolt D by acting with its bevel b upon the bevel a of the bolt C forces back that
bolt, which carries the valve A with it, the valve in its turn impelling the other
bolt C, and forcing down the corresponding small bolt D at the other end ready for
its being acted on by the piston at the return stroke.
In the case of double cylinder or compound cylinders, whether these compounds
are arranged in the manner known as tandem compounds or otherwise, so long as
the pistons of both the high and low pressure cylinders can only move together
instead of each of these two cylinders having its own valve actuated by its own
sliding and shooting bolts at each end of each of the cylinders, as herein before
described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, they may have one valve common to
both of the cylinders actuated at each end of one cylinder, the said valve com-
manding five ports, videlicet, two high pressures, two low pressures, and one
exhaust communicating with the respective cylinders. We prefer however to
actuate this valve at one end of each of the cylinders only, and by the corresponding
side of each of the pistons only. This last mentioned arrangement, which forms
another feature of our said Invention, is illustrated in Figure 7 of the Drawings.
E is the high pressure cylinder, and E' in the low pressure cylinder of a compound
engine, and B, B', are their respective pistons. A is a twin valve, serving for the
two cylinders, the said valve having ports 1, 1, leading to the high pressure
cylinder ports 2, 2, leading from the high pressure cylinder to the low pressure
cylinder, and a port 3 leading from the low pressure cylinder to a condenser or into
the atmosphere.
The shooting bolts D, D, which actuate the valve as herein before described, and
acted upon respectively by one face of the corresponding piston, that is to say, the
bolt D of the high pressure cylinder is acted upon by the side 4 of the piston D,
and the bolt D of the low pressure cylinder is acted upon by the side 5 of the
piston B¹, or the bolts may be operated by the opposite sides of the respective
pistons if desired. It is obvious that two single valves operating together may be
substituted for the twin valve. Also that the valve or valves commanding the
ports can be actuated from one side of each piston through the intervention of other
mechanical devices, such, for example, as levers, as in the Specification to Letters
Patent granted to Stephen Holman, dated the Twenty seventh March, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty eight, No. 1046, or by means of steam, the admission of
which is governed by tappets, as, for example, in what is known as the " 'special
steam pump," the levers or tappets being actuated directly by the piston, and
enclosed in the manner herein before described.
By operating the valve or valves, serving two cylinders from one side of each
piston, the valve gear is greatly simplified, and considerable economy is effected in
the cost of construction.
Another part of my said Invention relates to improved arrangements of stuffing

page_text: boxes applicable only when cylinders are arranged opposite one another on the
same axis, as, for example, in direct acting steam pumps where the piston rod
passes out of one cylinder into another, and it consists of an improved arrangement
whereby each gland is caused to act as a fulcrum in adjusting the opposite
gland.
This part of my said Invention is illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, and also in the
general view, Figure 1, e is the piston rod, which in the example illustrated connects
the piston B of the steam cylinder E with (the piston F of the pump barrel G,
and f, f, are the two stuffing boxes. Around the rod e are arranged two
collars g, g', provided with dovetailed recesses for the reception of the ends h, h¹,
of the two sets of right and left hand screws i, i, which are operated by means of
nuts h, h, so as to tighten up the gland 1, 1, as required. It is obvious that if
required a greater number than two sets of these bolts and nuts may be employed
arranged around the piston rod.
At
Another part of my said Invention relates to improvements more especially
connected with the valve box or boxes and its or their contents belonging to pump
cylinders, and is illustrated in Figures 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, and 11 of the Drawings. I employ
a valve box F¹ (Figures 1, 4, 5, and 6, which by preference is circular, and contains
all the valves common to the pump, for example, two suction valves I, I, and two
delivery valves K, K, in a double action pump. This box is open at both ends.
The valves are of the type known as piston valves, allowing the water to flow
round their peripheries when open. Annular projections m are cast in this box
and bored out, so that when its valves are closed they fit inside the same.
both ends of this valve box a lid n is provided, by preference, situate and bedded
in a recess. These two lids are tied together by means of a central bolt o, which
bolt serves also as a guide to the several piston valves I, I, K, K. The collective
loads upon these valves are carried by nuts or collars p screwed or otherwise fixed
on the central bolt o, by preference, with a cushion 9, between, say, india rubber,
leather, or other suitable material, and the loads are thereby transferred to the
outer covers, where the loads may be again cushioned by indiarubber or other
suitable cushions 7. In the example illustrated in the Drawings tubes 6 are
employed for fixing the collars p on the central bolt o, and springs x, x, x, x, are
provided for returning the valves to their normal position.
Flaps s of leather, rubber, or other suitable material are secured if necessary to
the back of these valves in order to prevent excessive leakage, as shown in
Figure 1, the valve box is by preference cast together with the ports and cylinder
in one neat and symmetrical casting, as shewn in Figures 1, 4, 5, and 6, in which
case the distance between the outer casing or walls t and the walls u of the
cylinder G and ports serves as a suction chamber; through this chamber the water
is drawn from the passage v into the valve box F', passing through the suction
valves I, I, alternately into the cylinder, and at the return stroke out of the cylinder
again through the delivery valves K, K, alternately into the rising or delivery
main w.
The central bolt o may carry annular packed seats m, upon which the valves
bed themselves, as shewn in Figure 10. Like modifications of either of the above
arrangements may also be made by dividing the suction and delivery valves, and
placing them in separate boxes, as shewn in Figure 11. In this Figure the valve
seats are represented as carried upon the central bolts, but the valve seats may be
formed on the valve box, as shewn in Figure 1, whilst still retaining the divided
arrangements of the valves.
The valve boxes may be cast separate from the piston or plunger pumps, whether
single or double action, and may be cast open one end only instead of at both ends
if desired.
In lieu of one valve being employed for the whole area I may use multiple
valves, that is to say, a series of smaller valves may be arranged, say, for example,
beat valves on a multiple seat, which may or may not be fixed to the rod. When
the seats are not fixed to the rod these smaller or multiple valves each have a

page_text: separate bolt, and consequently there will be two or more rods or central bolts in
the valve box tieing the lids together.
By means of the arrangement hereinbefore described the central bolt serves as a
guide to the valves, as a tie rod to the cover or covers, and as a tension rod carrying
the loads of the valves.
Another part of my said Invention, which is illustrated in Figure 12 of the
Drawings, relates to an improved piston packing to be employed in these cases
where it is desired to have a flat sided steam or pump cylinder. B is the piston,
and E is the cylinder; F' is the packing, which according to my Invention is made
of a triangular section of material, and so arranged as to be free to vibrate slightly
round, one edge of which beds into the piston as a fulcrum.
The pressure on one side of the piston forces one side of the packing on to the
cylinder and seals the joint in a manner which will be readily understood from an
inspection of the Drawing. This packing is also applicable to rotary cylinders
having flat sides.
It will be obvious that parts of these improvements are applicable to other classes
of pumps, and to steam, hydraulic, and other engines, and to other similar
purposes.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
récited Letters Patent is,-
First. The mode of actuating a valve or valves commanding the ports by means
of shooting bolts operated directly by the piston at the end of its stroke, the
whole of the operating parts being contained inside the cylinder casting or covers,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Second. In compound engines in which the pistons move together the employ-
inent of a twin valve or its equivalent, as herein set forth, operated by one side of
each piston, the whole of the operating parts being enclosed, all substantially as
herein before described.
Third. The mode of applying a gland as a fulcrum for forcing home an opposite
gland into its stuffing box by the employment of a series of tightening and
retracting screw bolts arranged around the piston rod without encircling the same,
substantantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the Drawings.
Fourth. The employment in a pump valve box of longitudinal bolt or bolts,
serving as or carrying a guide or guides to the valves, as a tie rod or rods to the
valve box cover or covers, and a tension rod or rods bearing the resultant load of
the valves, the said bolt or bolts carrying or not the annular seats for the valves,
all substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Fifth. Carrying the resultant load of a set or sets of valves upon a longitudinal
bolt or bolts common to such set or sets of valves, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Sixth. The improved piston packing for cylinders with flat sides, substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Henry Ward, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of October, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
THOMAS HENRY WARD. (L.S.)