Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Aug., 1887.
Complete Left, 24th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 27th Sept., 1887.
I EUGÈNE TURPIN, of 18 Avenue Menelotte, Colombes (Seine) France Chemist do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the utilization of the explosive properties of chloro-bromo-
iodo-nitrated organic derivatives without the aid of oxydizing agents for military and
other purposes.
I have in former patents and works demonstrated that whenever the combustible is
in excess in an explosive compound, the result obtained has been in all cases greater
strength and less sensitiveness to shocks.
The maximum sensitiveness to shocks always coincides with the theoretical pro-
portions which give complete combustion. Starting from this principle, I have for
many years studied the action of detonators more or less powerful, upon simple
nitrated compounds or upon chloro-bromo-iodo nitrated compounds either separately
or combined without using oxydizing agents which can only lessen their strength,
considerably increase their sensitiveness, and injure their keeping qualities especially
if hygrometric and deliquescent nitrates are employed such as those of ainmonia
and soda.
I have found that the iso-purpurates the diazo-compounds other than diazo benzol
nitrate, the picrates, the nitrates of certain alcohols such as nitrate of methyl of iso-
propyl etc., may be exploded under the influence of a sufficiently powerful detonator.
I have been thus led to discover that (contrary to what has been supposed and even
asserted recently) the chloro-bromo-iodo-nitrated compounds are explosive by them-
selves and lose their power when mixed with oxidizing agents. Their violent
explosion can be produced by the ignition in said substances of a sufficiently powerful
priming or detonator composed of fulminate of mercury alone, or a violent explosive
such as dynamite or gun cotton etc. primed with fulminate of mercury.
This
detonator may vary from 1.5 grammes to 50 grammes according to the sensitiveness
of the compound and the closeness with which it is tamped. The compounds unay

page_text: also be exploded by simply igniting a certain quantity of powder upon the explosive
when it is placed in a blast hole and is sufficiently tamped. The quantity of powder
which is to bring, by its combustion, the explosive to an exploding heat, would vary,
according to such degree of heat and the quantity of explosive to be primed, from
20 to 500 gramines.
The following among other explosives, may be more especially mentioned as capable
of producing a good explosion;-
Chloro-picrin.
Chloride of picryl.
Tetranitro-chloro-naphthalin.
Iodo-nitro-phenol.
Dinitro-chloro-phenols.
Bromo-binitro-benzene.
Bromo-dinitro-phenol.
These nitrated compounds and those of the class to which they belong are applicable
as explosives for civil and military uses, by employing the means hereinbefore
indicated for producing their explosion.

page_text: I EUGÈNE TURPIN, of 18 Avenue Menelotte, Colombes (Seine) France, Chemist do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This Invention relates to the utilization of the explosive properties of chloro-bromo-
iodo-nitrated organic derivatives without the aid of oxidizing agents, for military and
other purposes.
I have in former patents and works, demonstrated that whenever the combustible
is in excess in an explosive compound, the result obtained has been in all cases
greater strength and less sensitiveness to shocks.
The maximum sensitiveness to shocks always coincides with the theoretical propor-
tions which give complete combustion. Starting from this principle, I have for many
years studied the action of detonators more or less powerful, upon simple nitrated
compounds or upon chloro-bromo-iodo-nitrated compounds, either separately or
combined, without using oxidizing agents which can only lessen their strength,
considerably increase their sensitiveness, and impair their keeping qualities especially
if hygro-metric and deliquescent nitrates are employed, such as those of ammonia
and soda.
I have found that the iso-purpurates, the diazo compounds other than diazo benzol
nitrate, the picrates, the nitrates of certain alcohols, such as nitrate of methyl, of iso-
propyl, etc.; may be exploded under the influence of a sufficiently powerful detonator.
I have been thus led to discover that (contrary to what has been supposed and even
asserted recently) the chloro-bromo-iodo-nitrated compounds are explosive by them-
selves, and lose part of their power when mixed with oxidizing agents. Their violent
explosion can be produced by the ignition in contact with them, of a sufficiently
powerful priming or detonator composed of fulminate of mercury alone, or some
violent explosive such as dynamite or gun cotton etc., primed with fulminate of
mercury. This detonator may vary from 1.5 grammes to 50 grammes, according to
the sensitiveness of the compound and the closeness with which it is tamped. The
compounds may also be exploded by simply igniting a certain quantity of powder
upon the explosive when it is placed in a blast hole and is sufficiently tamped.
The quantity of powder which is required to raise, by its combustion, the explosive
to an exploding heat, would vary, according to the facility of explosion and the
quantity of explosive to be primed, from 20 to 500 grainmes.

page_text: The following, among other explosives alone or mixed or combined, may be more
especially mentioned as capable of producing a good explosion ;-
Chloro-pierin.
Chloride of picryl.
Tetranitro-chloro-naphthalin.
Iodo-di-nitro-phenol.
Dinitro-chloro-phenols.
Bromo-binitro-benzene.
Bromo-dinitro-phenol.
These nitrated compounds and those of the class to which they belong, are applicable
as explosives for civil and military uses, by employing the means herein before
indicated for producing their explosion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I claim is ;—
The employment as explosives for civil and military purposes, of chloro-bromo-iodo-
nitrated compounds derived from tar products etc., without an oxidizing agent and
with the aid of the detonators or primings herein specified.
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