Improvements in Rivets for Joining Metal Plates and the like together.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1895-Accepted, 20th July, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rivets for Joining Metal Plates and the like
together.
I, RICHARD BOWDEN WATERS, of 28 Hanlon Street, Deptford, in the County
of London, England, Blacksmith, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The usual method of riveting metal plates and the like together, is by the use of
iron rivets, which are first made red hot, and after being inserted into holes formed
for their reception in the plate, are clenched and finally finished with a snapping
tool.
In many instances, where iron or soft steel plates, of between 10 and 18 gauge,
or thereabouts in thickness are used, say, in the construction of tanks, gas holders,
low-pressure boilers, water pipes, and the like, it frequently happens, that owing to
the weakness of the material the plates are caused to buckle or bulge through the
heat from the rivets, consequently an imperfect joint is made; moreover as it is
necessary to clench and finish the rivet whilst it is red hot in order to make a
perfect joint, it sometimes occurs, that through the difficulty in placing the rivet in
position, it gets nearly cold and therefore cannot be rigidly secured.
There are also many other well known disadvantages attending the use of these
rivets, more especially in connection with this class of work.
Now my invention is designed to overcome these disadvantages, and provide a
simple and inexpensive form of rivet, whereby metal plates and the like, can be
quickly and effectually joined together without the necessity of first making the
rivets red hot as hitherto.
But in order that the invention may be clearly understood I will refer to the
accompanying sheet of drawings.
In Figures 1 to 4, (A) is a short bolt or stem, (B) a flat or rose head formed
upon one end of said stem, and (C) is a loose washer head.
In carrying out the invention the bolt or sten: (A) is inserted in the hole or
perforation made in both pieces of metal to receive it, an iron dolley or other
similar tool is then held against the fixed head (B) whilst the washer bead (C) is
placed upon the projecting or stubb end of said bolt or stem which is finally
swaged, so as to firmly secure the washer head (C) to the stem (A) and thus form
a simple and at the same time rigid joint.
The construction of the rivet is such, that the under portion of the washer head
the plate
is slightly cupped or concaved so that the outer edge will bind firmly upon
in such a manner as to adapt itself to any irregularities on said plate, so as to
prevent leakage through the washer head.
Further the stubb end of the stem is slightly recessed or hollowed so that it will
more easily spread when swaged and rigidly secure the washer head in position.
A countersink is formed in the upper portion of said washer head to receive that
portion of the stem which has been spread out, so that when complete, said washer
head will resemble an ordinary snapped rivet.
The most convenient method of retaining the washer head upon the bolt or stem
during the process of swaging or cleuching is by the use of a tool similar to that
shewn in Figure 5, which is made to fit over the washer head so as to bind upon the
rim portion only.

page_text: It will thus be seen that by the use of coid iron or soft steel rivets which are
much less expensive and more convenient to manipulate than ordinary rivets which
require to be made red hot and the head formed solid with the stem, I can obtain
better results, more especially in the construction of that class of work where thin
gauge iron or soft steel is used, and to which my invention more particularly
relates.
As an alternative method in the use of my invention I may make the washer
head (C) red hot, and place it in position upon the stem (A) so that when cool it
will shrink and become firmly secured to said stem which can be afterwards swaged
or riveted if necessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
Firstly. The construction of an iron or soft steel rivet consisting of the stem (A),
head (B), and a cupped or solid washer head (C), all combined arranged and
secured substantially in the manner and for the purposes as herein fully explained
and as illustrated.
Secondly. In the construction of an iron or soft steel rivet, the flat or rose
shaped washer head (C), having a concave formed in the under portion, substantially
as and for the purposes herein described and as illustrated.
Thirdly. The combination and arrangement with the stem (A), and head (B), of
the cupped or concaved washer head (C), substantially as and for the purposes
herein described and illustrated.
Fourthly. In the construction of an iron or soft steel rivet, the stem (A), having
a recess formed in the stubb end, substantially as and for the purposes herein
described and as illustrated.
Fifthly. The combination and arrangement with the recessed stem (A), and
head (B), of the washer head (C), having in the upper portion a countersink,
substantially as and for the purposes herein described and as illustrated.
Dated this 19th day of June 1895.
W. D. ROWLINGSON,
172 Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.