IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE PARTS OF MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Leckie Graham Wright, Engineer,
William Broom, Coalmaster, and George Cadell Bruce, Civil
Engineer, all of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE PARTS OF MOTIVE POWER ENGINES,
"
Sealed the 30th July 1872, and dated the 2nd March 1872.
5
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Leckie Graham
Wright, William Broom, and George Cadell Bruce at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd March
1872.
We, WILLIAM LECKIE GRAHAM WRIGHT, Engineer, WILLIAM BROOM,
Coalmaster, and GEORGE CADELL BRUCE, Civil Engineer, all of the City
of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE PARTS OF MOTIVE POWER ENGINES,
A

page_text: PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
The first part of our said Invention has reference to certain improve-
ments in the construction and arrangement of parts of the well-
known class of rotatory steam or other pressure fluid motive power
engines, in which the high-pressed steam or other fluid is admitted and
exhausted on the opposite sides of one, two, or more rotating or circum-
ferentially acting or reacting initial fixed block pistons, and similar
secondary, converse, reacting, or acting, radiating, sliding, and dividing
stop slides or pistons, both within one, two, three, or more annular or
eccentric (cylindrical) spaces; within and across which these acting and
reacting pistons slide, so as to divide them into segmental cavities in
which the fluid acts, and gives rotatory motion to the central cylinder
or drum, or to the outer hollow cylinder and its close ends respectively,
according as the former or the latter is made loose to revolve on the
other with one set of acting or reacting slides in it; whilst the other
(with its pistons) is made a fixture to its supporting framing, and in
which the steam or acting fluid is admitted to and exhausted from the
annular acting spaces or cylinders through the hollow shaft, whether
stationary or revolving, in which latter case the ends of the conducting
pipes are connected and coupled by spigot and faucet gland stuffing
boxes, by preference with tapered ground ends, so as to work metal to
metal, in addition to the packing glands, which may be made to hold the
pipes from being blown out by the pressure of the acting fluid, which
might also be entered and discharged through branches, ports, and pipes
in and attached to one or both end covers of the outer casing, especially
when this was stationary or did not revolve.
And the improvements connected with this first part of our said
Invention consist in making these engines act on the compound expan-
sive principle; first, for a single annular (acting spaced or) cylinder
engine by making, in addition to the one inlet and exhaust port on
opposite sides of the initial acting or reacting piston or slide, an extra
opposite acting or reacting radial piston or slide (either on the internal
drum or on the outer hollow cylinder) with one, two, or three extra
converse reacting or acting radial slides (on the said outer or inner
cylinder all respectively), so as to divide the annular acting fluid space
into two and three or four fluid-acting divisions or compartments,
according to the amount of expansion desired (three slides giving the

page_text: full admission and action of the high-pressure steam for about a third
of the revolution, and for four slides about a fourth of the revolution);
and after acting for a third or fourth of the revolution within the initial
steam space the steam then enters a new exhaust port and duct leading
into the segmental space opening, and enlarging between the reacting
side of the advance piston and the opposite or reverse side of the new
extra acting radial piston (which was added without an initial steam
inlet or exhaust) by the advance radial pistons passing its ports, and
after the steam port has been shut off to that space by the radial piston
behind it, when the steam which had done its work in the said first
space is thus expanded and made to act within the said latter low-
pressure segmental acting space; also for the remaining third or fourth
of the revolution of the said advance radial piston according to the space
taken up by the bearing pistons and ports, when it finally exhausts
through the main outlet exhaust port, either into any ordinary arrange-
ment of condenser heretofore applied to condensing engines, or to an
improved arrangement of condensing pump forming part of the
improvements of our said Invention, and which will be herein-after
more fully described; or the last part of the acting space between the
outlet exhaust port and its nearest advancing piston may be made a
condensing chamber and discharge pump itself by admitting a jet of
condensing cold water thereto, either constantly or intermittently after
the advancing piston passes the expanding port, which water would be
forced out by each advancing piston through the outlet port, which
would be fitted with a discharge valve to prevent the water returning
into the low-pressure cylinder space again when once discharged.
By another improvement in these single annular or eccentric cylindrical
rotatory engines, two or more of the internal barrels or cylinders with
their acting pistons may be keyed on one shaft, as say three, fitted with
division webs or discs and close packing rings between them, and within
their long internally bored outer hollow cylinder or casing, made in one
or more pieces with closing ends, bolted as in the single one to flanges
on the outer cylinder, grooves being formed in the inside faces of the
covers opposite the bearing edges of the drum and inner edge of the
outer cylinder to receive these with a loose packing ring in the bottom of
each
groove, either pressed up from behind by springs or pinching screws,
or both, against the said edges of the inner and outer cylinders direct,
or with soft metal, india-rubber, or other packing as may be preferred,

page_text: behind or between the rings, and these stationary or working edges all
also as in the single cylinder engines having the shaft or outer cylinder
or the cylinders of this compound arrangement revolving in long bearings
in the end covers, with stuffing boxes and glands outside as in all the
other modifications. The first cylinder at one end may be wholly made
to work with high pressed initial steam expanding and exhausting
through a single exhaust port, through a division web or disc, or through
ports and ducts in the outer cylinder into the second or middle cylinder,
which in turn would exhaust in, like manner into the third or low
pressure condensing cylinder at the other end of the set, which (as
explained in reference to the last compartment of the single cylinder
arrangement) could either form a condenser and pump itself to discharge
its own condensed steam and water, or exhaust into any ordinary
arrangement of separate condenser or condensing apparatus, or have our
improved arrangement of condensing pump applied thereto, which will
be herein-after described. This improved arrangement (as explained
having one initial steam, and exhaust port and piston and two opposite
secondary pistons in the first cylinder, would give a double expansive
action and power, first into the second and then into the third cylinders,
(similarly arranged as to ports and pistons,) and the power of the vacuum
in the back or exhaust side of the piston of the latter would give a
double power in the last cylinder, and consequently four different powers
and actions from the same steam while passing through the engine is
obtained; and this power can be doubled in this arrangement of engine
by doubling the number of the inlet and exhaust ports and corresponding
pistons, and adding them on the opposite sides or positions (which would
thus use nearly twice the steam, but give double the power in each
revolution), each exhaust port conducting the steam to corresponding
duplicate inlet ports and acting chambers in the second and third
cylinders respectively and successively.
Another improvement connected with these improved rotatory engines
when they have more annular acting spaces than one in the same
cylinder outside the other (of increased radii and circumference), consists
in exhausting and expanding the steam from the said final exhaust port
or ports referred to in each compartment of the first annular high-pressed
steam space nearest the axle into a lateral port and side duct through
and in or on the outside of one or both of the end covers into the inlet
port of the corresponding chambers of a second annular expansion steam

page_text: acting space, formed in the main enclosed central cylinder by broad
annular webs and central disc sustaining feathers some little distance
out from the first initial steam space, to allow of the radial slides
working radially up and down into recesses made for them in their web
space, all so that the high-pressed steam after having done its work in
the two compartments on opposite sides of the first annular duplex
high-pressure space would escape through the exhaust or outlet ports
and ducts into the corresponding inlet ports and segmental acting spaces
of the second. expansion annular space or cylinder, and further and
similarly be conducted and expanded from the acting compartment of
the second annular cylinder into a third and low-pressed or condensing
outer annular space or cylinder, from the exhaust ports of which the
steam or condensed steam or water therefrom could be discharged by its
own action as a condenser and discharge pump, or exhausted or discharged
as before stated into any ordinary condenser, or into our said improved
condensing pump, herein-before referred to. Thus the internal cylinder
or drum is made with the division web in the centre, dividing the inner
annular high-pressure motive space or cylinder into two parts, as well as
that of the second annular expansive motive power space, with connecting
inlet and exhaust ports through their webs when required. The annular
web or rib between these annular cylinders is wide enough radially to
allow the sliding pistons to work in radial slots made longitudinally
right across the central web, and the whole drum and duplex high-
pressure and expansion spaces so formed for that purpose the one set
sliding inwards towards the centre and the other set outwards into the
expansion cylinder or annular space, the whole drum by preference
being cast in one, and either cast or keyed fast on its hollow shaft, or it
may be cast in two parts and bolted together at the central web, the
whole being turned cylindrically on its outer surface, leaving the
O condensing cylinder or annular space between it and the internal bored
surface of the circumferential outer casing, which by preference has the
secondary sliding pistons of this space working through and within
radial longitudinal slots in it. Each piston is worked by preference by
duplicate rods passed out through stuffing boxes in their recessed
5 chambers, and attached and worked by cross heads or other equivalents
from their cam motions, and the working surfaces or parts of these
pistons and their recesses are fitted with thin movable plates and knee
corner metallic packing pieces, pressed out by springs inserted in and

page_text: removable from recesses made for them. In some cases these loose
bearing and packing plates are bevelled at their ends and pressed out
from their grooves and fixed or sliding pistons by springs and regulating
pinching screws, so as to make them fluid and pressure tight in passing
each other and compensate for their wearing in working; or by another
improvement these pistons may be made to oscillate on a fluid tight
eccentric spindle or sliding bush, fulcrum, or hinge so as to raise or lower
the working surface of the piston towards its working cylinder, and thus
oscillate and act fluid and pressure tight by the force of the steam in
whichever direction the acting cylinder was turning; and in some cases
the sliding pistons are made with the inlet and exhaust ports and ducts
in them instead of in the central drum, or outer casing, or end covers,
or these ports in the slides may be used in conjunction with the said
inlet and exhaust ducts before referred to, and act more as valves to
admit or exhaust the steam at the proper time into these, or cut off the
steam at any point, in either case at the first or last part of their radial
motion, according as the ports are formed in the face of the slides near
to or back from the front or closing edges, which would lead into the
ducts formed on each side of the face of the slide with a central web
between them, and so as either to open out through the working face on
the same side, or the opposite, or the diagonal side as for expanding into
the advanced recess of the outer expanding annular cylinder. And
these ports and ducts may be open on the faces of the slides with guiding
ribs flush therewith, or they may have steel or other plates fitted closely
into recesses between these guiding ribs, and the ports formed through
them with springs behind to press them out fluid pressure tight against
the working faces of their recesses, or in some cases the pressure of the
steam within the ports and ducts would effect the same purpose; the
ends of the sliding pistons may also be made steam tight by making
their recesses wider than the annular steam spaces, and fitting packing
plates in them with bevelled or checked edges coinciding with the end.
edges of the annular spaces so as to bear against the corresponding
bearing edges and packing rings of the end covers. By this means we
obtain all the advantages of valves (without the complication of these)
in preventing the escape or loss of steam in passing the fixed piston and
in obtaining accuracy in the time and action of its cut-off and expansion
in the same chamber or segment of cylinder, as well as into other
chambers and cylinders, as herein-before specified.

page_text: radially shifting pistons are fitted in the form of sliding plates, so as to
close and open the inner high-pressure annular space to change the
action of the steam on them in passing the fixed normal pistons, by
working out and into their slots in the annular metal space or web
between the first and second acting spaces, and those closing and
opening the latter in like manner work radially inwards in slots
formed intermediately between the slots of the former in the said
web, and the radial pistons of the outer acting spaces work outwards
into recesses formed in the outer shell or cylinder, and they are all
made to work freely in recesses or checks fluid pressure tight, so as to
close the passage without reaching to the bottom or causing concussion.
While the initial acting or reacting pistons (which are by preference
made with angled or curved surfaces at each side or end for the moving
piston to glide over) are fixed to the opposite working surface of the
recesses to that into which the radially sliding ones recede or lift to
glide over or be clear off them, but these pistons which work within the
duplex annular spaces on each side of the central drum are fixed to the
inner surface of the end covers by pins and sunk checks, and corre-
sponding bolts, and pinching screws, and jam nuts, to be tightened up
at pleasure. The closing ends of the sliding pistons may either glide up
and down on the curved or bevelled surfaces of the radial fixed pistons
fluid pressure tight by the pressure of the steam or springs, or the
sliding pistons may be lifted so as to pass the fixed ones by fixed or
revolving cams or cam grooves close to and outside the revolving
cylinder of the engine by rods or by spindles sliding or turning on their
axes working through stuffing boxes in the outer main cylinder or its
end covers, or otherwise cam grooves could be made in an annular part
of the inner surface of the end discs or covers of the cylinder (by
preference not opposite the annular acting hollow spaces, but opposite
the solid drum), into which cam groove antifriction pulleys or pins
in short levers work, being keyed on transverse spindles passed through
holes in the corresponding annular spaces in the inside main cylinder
or piston, which spindles could have ground collars and washers with
spiral springs, and nuts to make them fluid pressure tight in their
working bearings, and have the eyes of either one or two short levers or
segmental toothed wheels keyed or otherwise fixed on them, so that
their free ends work into corresponding slots or teeth in the sliding
pistons, and raise and lower them in their radial transverse slots formed
within the annular body part of the central piston.

page_text: An improved form of the cam groove and pulley arrangement consists
in making two pulleys in the width having one rolling on the outer
and the other on the inner surface of the cam groove, so that they
would both roll in different directions and jointly fill the space on the
acting surface without play or shake, but be individually clear of the
groove on their opposite surfaces by having the groove wider on that
side, or the axes of the pins on which the pulleys work made stepped or
eccentric to each other in the radial line of their motion and action in
the cam, and a stiff spring could be made with a pinching screw behind
their spindle for sustaining it at right angles to the said radial line, or
parallel to the revolving axes of the cam or engine, or an india-rubber
washer may be put in between the bushes of the rollers and the eye of
the rollers, which arrangements of rollers and the cam groove whether
formed in the ends of the cylinder or in cams outside would make them
work most steady and with little concussion or noise. The steam or
other motive pressure fluid in these improved engines may be admitted
and exhausted through the said ports or ducts in the improved slide
piston valves through stuffing box branch pipes at the opposite ends of
the main central shaft made hollow for that purpose with a division or
solid part in the centre between the two hollow ends, whether the shaft
(and inner cylinder or drum fixed on it) revolves or is fixed and
stationary, but when the outer hollow cylinder is fixed and stationary, as
is preferable for many applications and cases, and for stationary and
marine engines, the steam could be admitted and exhausted through
branch pipes on one or both ends of the outer cylinder and from one
cylinder or acting segment of same to another through ports in the webs
of the internal drum or port in the slide pistons leading to these, or
through branches leading to and from opposite sides of chambers and
recesses of the sliding pistons in the outer cylinder.
When the outer casing is thus made stationary it has a strong sole or
flanges cast on one side of the outer case or on the end covers, having
long bearings and stuffing boxes outside with glands combined for the
ends of the shaft to work out through for transmitting the motive power
produced by the power of the fluid acting on the fixed radially sliding
pistons carried on the central driving cylinder keyed on the central
transmitting shaft; which, when it is made fixed and stationary, the
outer cylinder is made the transmitting motor, and revolves by the long
bearings and stuffing boxes in end covers on the shaft, which may be

page_text: secured by squares or flanges cast on it to suit pillow blocks or plates
secured to the foundation or frame where the engine is to work.
When any of these improved forms of engines are applied to portable
engines for running on wheels as for locomotives and other traction
engines for running on railways, tramways, and common roads, or for
agricultural purposes, or for fire engines, the cylinders are made to
move in slides as well as the main shaft in its sliding or bearing block,
(and to which it is rigidly attached) caused by the motion of the carriage
and wheels on their various kinds of springs, except with elastic tyres,
and this sliding is effected by making the fixing flanges of the cylinder
or other guides on it to slide on fixed or oscillating guides in the vertical
and transverse parallel plane of the slides in which the shaft or carriage
frame moves with its springs; which improvement is also applicable to
reciprocating cylinders of such motive power carriage engines by con-
necting the cylinder rigidly by one or two strong bars with bushed eyes
to their motive crank shaft, or it might be to their bushes, and which
would revolve in them and keep the cylinder always at the same distance
from and in a true centre line at right angles through the axis of the
shaft, allowing the cylinder (when a vertical one) to slide as stated in
the vertical transverse plane of the motion of the shaft, or carriage
carrying the engine and boiler on the springs in a usual manner, or for
angled or oscillating engines, the cylinders would be put on the usual
trunnions in bushes which could slide for a short distance in guides, or
the bushes of the shaft could slide in segmental slots or guides, having
their centre in the oscillating axis of the cylinder; and the inlet and
exhaust branches could be connected to these trunnions, made hollow
for the purpose by stuffing boxes and glands, or other equivalent
universal or compensating stuffing box joints, which would allow the
connecting pipes to traverse or oscillate as frequently used for moving
cylinders. The reversing of these engines is effected much in the usual
manner for such rotatory engines by either connecting the main inlet
and exhaust pipes, and fitting and controlling their entrances or ports
by a single large three or four-way cock or valve, or otherwise by fitting
one such valve to each pipe, and controlling them by one hand lever
and connecting mechanism, which is also made to start or stop the
engine as well as reverse it by opening or shutting off the inlet steam or
other pressure fluid thereto from the boiler or source or chamber of
sunnly

page_text: Another improvement in these compound high pressure expansive
condensing rotatory engines consists in a simple construction and
arrangement of four-way cocks suitable for reversing and controlling
the inlet and discharge passages of these compound expansive rotatory
engines suitable for making them act as single, double, or triple ex-
pansive or condensing engines by a set of cocks ranged as a through or
straight pipe or duct, having their axes all in a transverse plane through
the centre of the said pipe or range of cocks, each cock having an inlet
and outlet branch on opposite sides, and at right angles to the said axial
plane of the long pipe and cocks, and having one cock for every inlet of
high-pressure steam required in the compound engine, that is, one for
each annular cylinder reversing from the exhaust of the same engine
into the opposite cross branch of the same inlet cock to the correspond-
ing inlet of the succeeding and several motive compartments, so as to be
able to reverse the inlet from either side of the long pipe common to
them all, and reverse the action in the sequence in the right or left
direction desired for the reverse motion of the engine by turning the
three cocks for a three cylinder engine one quarter turn simultaneously,
and having an intermediate high-pressure extra cock with a passage
through it in a line with the range when the centre expansive cylinder
or compartments were desired to work high pressure also, which when
the cocks connected with their ducts (having additional ports through
them in a line with the long pipe) were turned to nearly forty-five
degrees as the other reversing cocks were, would let in high pressed
steam to the central cylinder and acting compartments and exhaust, the
steam from the first engine into the condenser and expand the steam
let into the second engine into the third engine, or turn the second
additional cock, which would admit high-pressure steam to it also,
according as the two extra cocks were turned to admit the steam from
either the left or right side for the direction the engine was wished to
turn, thus making these engines work single acting, or double or triple
acting expansive and condensing as desired by the controlling cocks.
This arrangement of inlet and discharge cocks for each acting chamber
would also be most suitable when these improved rotatory engines are
used as pumps, blowers, exhausters, or as meters, when their shafts were
driven either by some of their own cylinders as motors, or when driven
by other motive power, one or more of the chambers being worked so as
to discharge either singly or jointly into and through the same discharge
pipe. These improved rotatory engines when applied to portable

page_text: traction engines on wheels (for railways, tramways, common roads, or
for portable fire engines and agricultural engines) may either have the
outer or inner motive cylinders formed in or attached to one or more of
the driving or traction wheels so as to give them their primary motion,
or these wheels may be made fast to the central shaft of rotatory engines
when it revolves, or the wheels may revolve loose on this shaft and be
each coupled to it or the rotating case by friction or other clutches and
brakes controlled by ordinary hand gearing or levers, and when the
outer casings were so formed in or attached to the large wheels and
made to revolve these wheels for stationary engines and purposes
might be made the driving transmitting wheels by toothed or friction
gearing, or by belts. These wheels may be connected and give motion
to the other wheels by crank pins and connecting rods at opposite angles
on their outer faces as the wheels of locomotives are coupled at present,
but with the power of driving the wheels on either side, or on both
sides simultaneously as desired when going or steering round quick
turns, or otherwise for driving the wheels on one side faster than the
other, when different engines were fitted to the opposite side motive
discs or wheels, and the first motive shaft, or the revolving discs or
wheels of the rotatory engines whichever were used to drive the other
traction wheels; or their shafts might be coupled and actuated through a
train of toothed or frictional grooved gearing wheels; or pitch chain
wheels (instead of cranks and connecting rods as stated); or by a set at
each side, when the wheels were loose and were desired to be driven
independently, or at different times and speeds from those on the other
side, either with or without side coupling frames or plates on the ends
of their shafts to keep on the wheels, and all firm and in gear, especially
where the engine is a fixture, and the driving shaft or shafts have a
vertical motion as in portable engines or carriages with wheel shaft
journal bushes mounted with springs carrying the carriage frame. Thus
arranged and having the motive fluid pipes connected by stuffing boxes
and sliding oscillating or universal joints, the rotatory engine may be
fitted in and to the steering wheel and axle, or to the two of them when
two wheels are used, swivelling on the fore steering and locking carriage
or frame below the carriage frame or the steam boiler, or when other
two or four extra wheels are used on their respective shafts, either
individually driven by separate rotatory engines or coupled as described,
the three wheels and their axles may turn on a swivel steering or
rocking carriage or bogie; and for slow going engines on common roads,

page_text: or for stationary engines, the motive shafts or dises may have toothed or
chain wheels or pinions on them for transmitting their motion to other
wheels or shafts, and to other corresponding toothed or chain wheels on
them and pitched chains, as will be evident to engineers. Which
improvements for coupling and uncoupling these traction wheels, discs,
or transmitting toothed or chain wheels by friction clutches would be
very useful for fire engines carrying pumps to be worked by the same
engine after having taken the engine on the road to the place where
they were required, or it might be for forcing or raising water, or for
other motive-power purposes, as for farm engines, when the same clutch
and hand gearing could be made to throw the traction wheels and
gearing out of gear with the motive engine or engines, and into gear
with the pump or other motive gearing for which the portable engine
was designed or required to perform.
Our said improved rotatory engines and modes of connecting the
motive cylinders to the crank shafts of traction engines for roads,
tramways, and railways, will enable the motive engines and cylinders to
be swivelled with their shafts or bogies or other swivelling frames, so
that the carriages of such engines may thus be made of much greater
length than heretofore. Scrapers and brushes may be attached to the
swivelling or other part of the frames of the carriage to clear the running
grooves and surfaces of the rails when desired.
Another improvement of our said Invention consists in making the
running and traction wheels of these improved and other portable engines
named with large segmental blocks of wood the width of the rim
between the strong spokes to rest on a spring or block of india-rubber,
down near the eye, and to nearly fill the space there circumferentially,
but to have some sliding or rocking action, and space at the large circum-
ferential part with springs of india-rubber, as also a radial motion and
action at the centre of the wood blocks by slots and cotters, or feathers
to guide and secure them between the sides of the wheel, which may be
solid with the hollow segmental spaces cast in them, or have one or both
or a part bolted on to keep them, and an outer ring or running tyre;
when such is used with bearing surface and guiding flange on it all in
5 proper position, the outer segmental bearing part of the blocks being
made either with or without pieces, or a band of india-rubber over them
resting or bearing on the inner surface of the running bearing tyre, or
otherwise the outer parts of the movable blocks may be shod or covered

page_text: with segmental plates of iron to form the bearing and griping surface of
the wheel; when used for common roads or agricultural purposes, may
have clutching and holding feathers on their outer surfaces, which
improvements would give a better rolling and traction action with greater
durability of the india-rubber than heretofore in such motive engines,
and dispense with springs, so that these shafts could be firmly secured to
the carriage frame; these improvements in wheels may also be applied
to wheels of other forms of carriages whether driven by motive power
or not, and the traction wheels may have thick india-rubber tyres when
the rotatory engines are fixed to them.
Our improved condensing (steam or air) pump, suitable for these
improved rotatory steam engines, or for other ordinary reciprocating or
oscillating steam engines, consists of a double-acting pump with solid
plunger reciprocated by a crank, crank disc, or eccentric as other double-
acting pumps are worked, from the engine shaft or other shaft worked
from it, by preference simultaneously with the reciprocating action, and
exhaust of the steam from the engine to which it is to be fitted. The
entrance of the said exhaust or spent steam (to each end of the pump) is
controlled by a valve or cock so as to follow or drive the piston from the
entering end until it reaches the other end, when the valve and inlet of
the steam are reversed to shut the steam in the filled space of the barrel,
and a jet of cold condensing water is let in by the action of the same
valve, or by another valve or cock (connected with the injection water
inlet and port) worked simultaneously with the shutting off of the steam
valve on each side alternately and respectively as the plunger of the
pump reaches each end of its stroke, which produces a vacuum on the
side of the cylinder to which the plunger has to move, while the steam
admitted at the end from which the plunger is moving will draw and
push the plunger, and force out the water through a discharge valve, as
it reaches each end, thus making the spent steam from the engine to
work its own air and condensing pump, and even assist as a motive
power to turn its crank shaft after the engine and it are once fairly
started. When these pumps are made to oscillate on hollow trunnions
or centres (as oscillating engines are) they may be made to open and
shut off the steam and injection and discharge water, by having the ports
formed in the oscillating fluid tight surface, so as to dispense with other
valves or cocks, either by having conducting ports on the outside of the
working barrel, or in the plunger itself when made to oscillate near the

page_text: '
centre; and these pumps may be made to lift and force water also and
have air vessels fitted on their discharge pipe beyond the discharge
valves, all otherwise as other ordinary pumps are, to suit the various
purposes to which they are to be applied, as for fire engines, all in
addition to using and condensing the spent and exhaust steam of the
engine to which they are affixed.
Another improvement has reference to the construction and use of a
close vessel or magazine for producing and supplying a constant and
regular pressure current of either air or water therefrom, for actuating
motive power engines, or for forcing and raising water, as for a fire
engine, or for the forcing of air as a blowing engine, or for other fluids
and purposes, and consists (under one application and arrangement) in
forcing in the water or other liquid by a jet of steam or air, or a com-
bination of these, as by a "Giffard's" injector or other equivalent jet
apparatus, into the lower part of the close vessel, having an air dome or
space filled with air above the inlet pipes for the supply of the air and
water, and having the pipe, through which the water is to be forced,
taken off from the lower part of the water space, below the level of the
water forced in through the supply pipe and injector and its check valve.
The discharge pipe would be fitted with and controlled by a cock, and
when used as a fire engine with hose and directing jet nozzle. When this
magazine for producing fluid pressure currents is used for the discharge
of the air (and not for the liquid) the vessel would require to be large
and filled at considerable intervals, while the forcing liquid was let off
from below by automatic or hand working cocks or valves; and the air
discharged through a pipe at the highest part of the vessel, which pipe.
however might be close and dip down inside the liquid, and pass out
laterally below the water level through a knee pipe, which outlet would
(as in the case of the water) be controlled by a cock or valve, worked
automatically or by hand for closing before the liquid reached the level
of its discharge mouth, so as to refill the air space and let off the water,
which could be used over and over again each time the magazine or
vessel was refilled with the air to be forced therefrom. When air was
used to force in the liquid it would keep up the supply of the air to the
upper part of the vessel.
To prevent the loss of time and pressure when refilling the vessel
with air, two vessels could be used, one to be set on as the other was
shut off, and when desired a locking piston could be used on the top

page_text: surface of the water to retain the pressure of the air in the upper space
until the water-was quite run off from below it; or otherwise the air
could be forced in with the steam above the surface of the water or
piston, in which case the water might have a connecting pressure
column at the lower part, and so rise in it as pressed down in the close
vessel, and vice versa rise in the vessel from the pressure column; thus
maintaining the regular pressure although the fluid was not always.
injected into the magazine at the rate of discharge or withdrawal there-
from, all without requiring to stop to let off the water or fill the vessel
with air; or otherwise this magazine may be used as a store of pressure
fluid for air or other elastic fluid or gas forced into it by stationary
engines and air pumps or other forcing apparatus at certain stations for
the filling and charging of close pressure receivers, carried in convenient
and suitable parts of tramway and common road traction carriages for
acting as a pressure forcing fluid for driving the motive engines of these
carriages from station to station until recharged there from such store
magazines of pressure fluid, either with or without the assistance of
steam from a boiler or generator, also carried on the carriage when

page_text: ss
tooth or friction wheels, or chain or belt pulleys, consisting of a simple
mechanical arrangement and use of the well-known double lever or
'togle" joint, having one end of the two arms hinged to a strong fixed
. stationary fulcrum or pillow block, and the opposite free end of the
other lever jointed to the crank pin of the shaft to be driven, or to the
forcing reciprocating rods or force to be actuated, all in a true
straight line in their normal position or line of force; while the free end
of the connecting rod or rods from the crank pins of the rotatory engine
are-connected or jointed to the middle joint of the two levers in such a
manner as to reciprocate them to the extent of one-half of the stroke on
(or to) opposite sides of the said straight line of force between the
fulcrum and centre of the driven shaft or point of plunger or force to
be so driven; it will be seen this gives a revolving or double stroke of
the free end of the "togle" joint for every half turn or single stroke of
the engine, or as stated, two revolutions or double strokes of the former
for one of the latter.
.
When it is a secondary shaft that is to be so driven it would require
a fly wheel to assist in equalising the motion and carrying it over the
two dead points or centres of each revolution, or two engines coupled to
crank pins at different angles or points of force, and it will be evident
that this construction and arrangement of increasing speed and power
transmitting mechanism is also equally applicable to all other classes of
rotatory and reciprocatory motive power engines in use, by coupling
their connecting rods to the centre joint of the said arrangement of
"togle” or double joints and levers for the said purposes of transmitting
increased speed and power to the said shafts and reciprocating plungers
or "forces."
1
It is to be understood that our said improved engines and their acting
cylinders and other parts where required are to be fitted with the usual
governors, admitting steam valves and condensed water "snifter" safety
valves, grease and “ pet" cocks, and that the magazines and generators
of pressure fluids are to be fitted with safety valves and pressure
indicators as in ordinary use in steam boilers.
These improved rotatory engines and improvements connected with
other engines herein specified as forming our said Invention will make
such improved motive machines fitted with them more suited for portable
engines or carriage engines, for running on railways, tramways, common

page_text: roads, or on rough ground than the engines heretofore used for such
purposes, and also capable of being used for portable fire engines, farm
and other motive power engines, for driving machinery for all kinds of
industrial purposes with greater saving of fuel, steam, heat, and power
than heretofore.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
LECKIE GRAHAM WRIGHT, Engineer, WILLIAM BROOM, Coalmaster, and
GEORGE CADELL BRUCE, Civil Engineer, all of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said William Leckie Graham Wright,
William Broom, and George Cadell Bruce, Her special licence that we,
the said William Leckie Graham Wright, William Broom, and George
Cadell Bruce, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said William Leckie Graham Wright, William Broom, and
George Cadell Bruce, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE
PARTS OF MOTIVE POWER ENGINES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
William Leckie Graham Wright, William Broom, and George Cadell
Bruce, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of their bands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
R 2

page_text: same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Leckie Graham Wright,
William Broom, and George Cadell Bruce, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, and by the explanatory figures,
reference letters, and numerals on the six Sheets of Drawings, which
we have hereunto appended for the purpose of slowing the nature of
our said Invention, and best modes and means we are at present aware
of for carrying it into effect or practice, the same reference letters and
numerals indicating the same, equivalent, or like parts in all the
Figures, that is to say:
The first part of our said Invention has reference to certain improve-
ments in the construction and arrangement of the parts of the well-
known rotatory class of steam or other pressure fluid motive power
engines, several modifications of which are more particularly shown
in and described in reference to the several Figures 1 to 25, on Sheets
1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings. Each of these rotatory engines
is formed with an internal piston, drum, or cylinder A, (or it may be
more than one cylinder, as A, A¹, A",) with a solid or hollow shaft A³,.
and an outer close hollow cylinder B (or it may be cylinders B, B',
B¹¹,)
enclosing the former with close ends and stuffing boxes B³; the first A
either revolving within the latter B, or the latter B revolving upon the
former A, leaving between their adjacent outer and inner acting
perimeters one or more hollow, annular, eccentric, segmental or crescent
shaped spaces C, C¹, C", within which the steam or other pressure fluid
acts on fixed and sliding pistons, or acting and abutting stop slides a, a¹,
and b, b, respectively attached to the said main inner and outer
cylinders A and B, so as to intersect and subdivide the said main
hollow acting spaces into smaller sectional or segmental acting spaces
c, c¹, c¹¹, e, and pass over each other while actuating the inner or the
outer cylinder A or B as stated, according as one or the other is held
stationary by its fixing bolts and glands or flanges A³, B³, or made
to revolve in their bearings A* or B* respectively, by the admission
and exhaustion of the high pressed steam or other pressure fluid from
a steam boiler or other generator, to and from the said acting spaces

page_text: (as C) on the opposite sides of one, two, or more of these rotating
circumferentially acting or reacting pistons or stop slides a, a¹, on the
inner cylinder A, and similar secondary, converse, or respectively re-
acting and acting radially sliding and dividing stop slides or pistons b, b₁,
in the outer cylinder B (Figures 4 to 10, Sheet 1). Or otherwise these
acting slides or pistons a, a, b, b', may be made to act within one,
two, three, or more hollow annular eccentric or other equivalent
cylinders or acting spaces (as C, C¹, Figures 11 to 14, Sheet 1, and
19 to 25, Sheet 2), by passing radially and longitudinally across these
spaces, the one set sliding radially over the other set as they revolve,
and dividing these spaces into the smaller segmental spaces or cavities
(as C¹, C, C, Figures 1 and 2, on Sheet 1, and 1A, 1B, and 19
and 24, on Sheet 2,) in which the pressure fluid acts, and gives rotatory
motion respectively either to the central cylinder or drum A, or to
the outer hollow cylinder B, closed in by the ends and stuffing boxes B²,
according as the former A or the latter B is made loose to revolve
within or on the other, with a set of the said acting or reacting slides
or pistons a, a', or b, b, in it, whilst the other (with its pistons b, b',
or a, a¹), is made a fixture to its supporting framing, as by the glands A³
or flanges B³, Figures 8 and 11 to 15 respectively. The steam or other
acting fluid from the boiler or other generator is by one means admitted
to and then exhausted from these internal annular or segmental acting
spaces or cylinders (as C, C', c, c'), through the opposite ends D, D',
of the hollow axle or shaft A whether stationary or revolving, with
a division A* in its centre, by or through conducting pipes D, D¹, (as
at Figures 1 to 25, Sheets 1 and 2) leading to corresponding ducts E, E',
and ports F, F, in the cylinder A, but in the latter case in which the
shaft revolves the ends of these pipes D, D', would be connected by
ordinary spigot or faucet ends, stuffing boxes, and glands, as at D³,
Figure 8 A, by preference with tapered ground ends so as to work metal
to metal, in lieu of or in addition to the ordinary packing and glands,
and which may be made to hold the said pipes D, D', from being blown
out by the pressure of the acting steam or other pressure fluid employed,
other like or ordinary packed stuffing boxes and glands being formed
on the end covers at B², to make a tight joint between them and the
main shaft A² passing through them, either inside the actual running
bearings B' or made long enough to form these bearings themselves,
as at Figures 2 and 8 respectively. The steam or other acting fluid
may be entered and discharged through equivalent pipes D, D', and

page_text: in casings H, f, attached to or cast on the outside periphery or body of
the cylinder B or on one or both of its end covers B³, especially when
these are made stationary or do not revolve, as shown in Figures 9 to 15,
and 19 to 25, on Sheets 1 and 2.
Referring to Sheet 1 of the Drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are respec-
tively a vertical section and a plan partly in section of a rotatory
engine constructed in accordance with and illustrative of one modifica-
tion of the improvements under the first part of our said Invention, for
making such rotatory engines act on the compound expansive principle
(in this first modification, Figures 1 and 2), shown as applied to a single
annular acting space C, formed between an inner stationary drum A,
with hollow shaft A² and an outer cylinder B formed within the centre
or eye of a revolving wheel B*, suitable either for the traction wheel of
a tramway or road engine, or for other driving or motive power pur-
poses. In this arrangement there are two stationary abutting pistons a
with metallic packing plates e (herein-after more particularly described
in reference to the enlarged detailed views of these pistons a, Figures
a, a²), for making a fluid pressure tight joint with the inner surface
of the revolving cylinder B across and on exactly opposite sides of
the space C at 1, 2, dividing that space into two equal compartments
or divisions C, C', while the outer cylinder has four stop pistons
b¹, 61, 61, 61, sliding into recesses or chambers f formed for them
in the casing of the outer cylinder B, dividing the said acting space C
into four equal divisions or compartments c, c¹, c, c, longitudinally
and radially. Each piston b' is connected to two spindles f¹, passing
out through stuffing boxes in the casing f, and attached to a cross
head f", which has two sliding rods f³ linked to its outer ends, with
small compensating pulleys 9, 9', on their lower ends, working in a duplex
grooved cam G, in this case stationary, and each keyed on the hollow
shaft A³ close to the end stuffing boxes B², and shown in detached end
view in Figure 3, all made so as to cause each of the four stop slides b¹
as they come round to rise and fall and pass over the two fixed stop
pistons a, as the outer cylinder B, B*, revolves by the action of the
steam. As indicated by the red arrows the high-pressure steam or
other acting fluid enters by the one end D of the hollow shaft A2
through the duct and port E, F, on one side of the stop or abutting
piston a 1; in this case for four slides & the full advantage and action

page_text: of the high-pressure steam is given for about one-fourth of the revolution
on each piston b₁ as it passes the abutting piston a 1, and port F (but
for three slides b¹ and divisions c, as shown in Figures 1 A and 1 B,
about a full third of the revolution is obtained for this initial effective
action of the steam on each piston ¹ as it comes round), and after thus
acting for about the fourth of the revolution within the initial or high-
pressure steam space c behind the first piston 61, the steam then enters
a new exhaust port and duct F", E", leading into the segmental
space C¹ and expanding into this enlarging space C¹ between the re-
acting side of the opposite or reverse side of the new extra acting radial
piston a² (which was added without an initial steam inlet or exhaust
port) by the advance radial pistons, as 6, Figure 1, passing its ports F³,
and after the steam port F has been shut off to the space C by the
radial piston 6 behind it. When the steam which had done its work
in the said first space C is thus expanded and made to act within the
said latter low pressure segmental acting space C³, also for the other said
fourth of the revolution of the advance radial piston 6, minus the space
taken up by the bearing pistons and ports, when it finally exhausts
through the main outlet exhaust port F and duct E' at the other end
of the piston A, so as to lead into the opposite exhaust end D¹ of the
hollow shaft A, either into any ordinary arrangement of condenser
heretofore applied to condensing engines, or to an improved arrange-
ment of condensing pump, forming part of the improvements of our
said Invention, and which will be herein-after more fully described; or
the last part of the acting space C¹, c¹¹¹, between the outlet exhaust port
and its nearest advancing piston, as 6, may be made a condensing
chamber or discharge pump itself, by admitting a jet of condensing cold
water thereto, either constantly or intermittently, after the advancing
piston passes the expanding port F, which water would be forced out
O by each advancing piston 6, through the outlet port and duct F¹, E',
which would be fitted with a discharge valve to prevent the water
returning into the final low-pressure cylinder or acting space C again
when once discharged. For the reversing of the engine a duct E² with
its ports F, F, is formed through the opposite exhaust side of the
5 cylinder A, corresponding and at right angles to the former duct and
ports E, F, F, and which also allows the steam left in the space C¹ in
front of the advance piston 6' after it passes the port F" to escape into
the advance space c".

page_text: Different arrangements of these internal exhaust expansion ports,
with duplex automatic reversible valves for regulating and giving a
more perfect action of the steam for the engine running in both
directions (than those described in reference to these Figures 1 and 2),
are shown in transverse section of corresponding modifications of single-
acting chambered rotatory engines, Figures 1 A, 1 B, on Sheet 2. Thus
referring to these Figures 1 A, 1 B, on Sheet 2, which are very similar
to Figures 1 and 5, the former having four stop slides and the latter
three stop slides b¹ and two abutting pistons a in their cylinders B and A
respectively, but the enlarged parts in these arrangements, with the two
working pistons a in them, are shown as fitted and secured on the
central cylinder A, so that it may be turned on the outer circumference
for the ends of the slides b' to work on; and in the former Figure there
are a duplex piston and a lid valve 1, 2, working in a chamber 3, within
each end of the central wheel A and across the expansion duct E", with
the lid valve 2 opening into each end of the hollow shaft A², all fitted
so that in whatever direction the wheel B is running the vacuum in the
final exhaust duct E¹ and discharge end of the hollow shaft A² opens the
valve 2, and causes the piston valve 1 to close the expansive duct E",
and allows the steam which has done its work in the second and last
acting spaces c¹, c¹¹, to finally escape through the exhaust ports F³, F¹,
close to the stop pistons a, a, to the air or a condenser as desired and
before described, as indicated by the blue arrows, and also so that the
initial steam, which has done its work in the first acting chamber c,
escapes into the expansion port and duct F", E", at the other side of the
engine, which is opened by the pressure of the steam on its piston and
lid valve 1, 2, against the power of a spring in the expansion chamber 3,
so as to expand and act in the opposite or third acting chamber c¹, all
as indicated by the red arrows, and the port F may be made so near
the entrance port F as to give initial steam for a short distance into the
chamber c¹¹ also before each piston 6¹ cuts off the entrance steam to the
chamber c, and substantially the same effect is accomplished in the
arrangement shown in the transverse section, Figure 1 B, with only
three pistons 6, 6, 6, by a duplex arrangement of lid valve, and bell
crank lever 1, 2, working in the expansion chamber 3 and entrance a
duct E, so that the pressure of the steam closes the latter 1 and opens
the former 2, so as to give initial steam and expansion for a greater
proportion of the revolution of the wheel B than in the former arrange-
ment A 1. The power of the combined engine in the modification 1 A

page_text: gives the force of the high pressed steam for nearly one-fourth of the
revolution, and expansion for another fourth of the revolution, with the
power of the vacuum for the last fourth of the revolution on each of
the four pistons & for every revolution of the cylinder B. And the
action in the arrangement shown in Figure 1 B is that the high pressed
steam acts for nearly one-third of the revolution, first on one piston b
and then by expansion for nearly another third, and finally by the
vacuum or exhaust for nearly the last third of each revolution of the
piston ', showing a slight advantage due to this arrangement.
.
.
Although in these Figures 1 and 2 and 1 A, 1B, we have described
the inner cylinder A and its pistons a, a, as stationary, it will be evident
that these might be made to revolve by making the outer cylinder B a
fixture by flanges B³, or other equivalent means, as shown in some of
the other modifications on Sheets 1 and 2, to a suitable fixed framing
of tramway or other portable or stationary engines, and making the
hollow shaft transmit the motion and power through wheels keyed on it,
or otherwise in a usual manner, either having the stop slides working
in the outer or inner cylinders B or A, and to prevent knocking,, and
give a smooth action at the abrupt parts G* of the cam G, while the
stop slides b' which they work (Figures 1 to 3), or it may be the slides a
(Figures 5 to 7, 11 to 15, 19 and 24), when these are worked by
cams G, G¹, the main rod f2 carrying the lateral studs of small
pulleys g, g¹, or other equivalents which actuate the said slides, is made
so that the one pulley g bears and revolves on the inner working
perimeter of the outer rim G¹ of the part G of the main cam, while the
other g¹ is made to work on the outer perimeter of the body part G. of
the cam by its pin and moving slide part g², set and secured to the main
rod f by a nut and screw g", by preference with a strong spiral or other
equivalent spring g³, to give the soft and steady motion of the cams, and
to the slides or other parts actuated through them; and it will also be
evident that the pulleys g, g³, might be carried on bushes in the rod f³,
or in a movable slide g³, secured to it with pinching screws g™" for fixing
them, so that the pulleys g, g', might be set set to work on opposite sides
of a single cam rim G¹ (instead of the duplex cam G, G³, herein shown),
all as indicated in the modification of rotatory engine shown in Figures 24
and 25, and the detailed views Figures 27 and 28, which latter Figure
shows a section and an end view of the pulleys g, g', with an improved
india-rubber spring g' in the eye between the bush g³ and the pulley, so

page_text: as to give the soft and compensating action to prevent knocking, as
described in reference to Figures 2 and 3, and these pulleys may be used
for the actuating of other valves and purposes in connection with engines
and pumps where this soft action is required.
Referring to Figure 4, on Sheet 1, which is an end section of a simple
high-pressure rotatory engine with one annular-acting steam space
formed between the inner and outer cylinders A, B, respectively divided
into two equal segmental-acting chambers C; C', by the opposite abutting
pistons a, a, in the internal cylinder A, and into three equal segmental-
acting chambers c, c¹, c¹¹, in the cylinder B by the sliding pistons b¹, b', b',
working into recesses of within the outer cylinder B, somewhat analogous
to that shown and described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, except
that it does not work expansively through internal ducts and ports F", E",
but has the steam entering by one end of the hollow shaft A through
two ducts and ports E, E, F, F, on opposite sides of the abutting
slides a, a, exhausting from two analogous ports and ducts F¹, F¹, E', E¹,
at the other end of the cylinder A leading into and out through the
exhaust end of the hollow shaft A². This arrangement is fitted with
our improved construction and arrangement of stop slides a, shown and
described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, and the enlarged views,
Figures a 1, a 2, and a 3, and with the sliding piston 6¹, actuated by the
improved arrangements of piston rods f¹, cross head f", and correspond-
ing spindles f and pulleys 9, g¹, and cams G, G', shown and described
in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, either having the internal cylinder A
or external cylinder B made to revolve; but when the outer cylinder is
so made to revolve it might be fitted to the sliding pistons B¹ of the
improved construction shown in the sectional detailed views Figures 10
and 10 A and 10 B.
Figure 5 shows another construction and arrangement of a simple
high-pressure rotatory engine, with a segmental-acting space or
cylinder C formed between an inner round cylinder or drum A, and an
outer cylinder B, B', formed in two large segments, the one fitting the
internal cylinder A on the one side, and the other of a larger diameter
leaving the said space C, the two being jointed and secured together by
two flanged curvilinear pieces B³ on each side, gradually and tangentially
gliding into the large and small segments, so that four stop slides a¹
working into recesses a* in the internal drum A act as pistons while
passing through the segmental-acting space C as the internal drum A

page_text: revolves. The high-pressure steam is admitted through the four-way
reversing cock I into the inlet ducts and ports E, F, on the outside of
the bearing segment B¹, and exhausted through the other by the port
and duct E, F, as indicated by the arrows in this Figure for running
in the one direction, Figure 5 A showing a horizontal section of the
reversing cock I, corresponding to Figure 6; and Figure 5B is a similar
section showing the cock set for turning the engine in the reverse
direction. The outer cylinder B, B', in this case is stationary, and may
be secured to its framing by the bolts and flanges of the pieces B³, B³,.
securing the two segmental parts of the cylinder, which can be bored or
turned in the lathe before being put together, and all made so that the
opposite pistons a¹ and a", and a, a, may be joined by piston rods f¹
sliding through holes made for them through their end chambers a* and
the solid shaft A² in different planes, so as to press each other and fill
the acting space as one differentially acting piston of equal length
shortening on the one side of the piece B³, as they lengthen on the
other;
and these pistons a¹ may be made of the improved construction
shown in enlarged view Figures 61, 62, 63, and 11 A, 11 A', and instead
of being joined by piston rods f¹ to those opposite might have two or ▸
more spiral springs f* between each and the bottom of their recesses a*,
as shown in the transverse sectional diagram of a simple eccentric
rotatory engine, Figure 6, with improved packing a¹, b, as herein-after
described, or with springs f* at the ends of the rods f¹, Figures 11 A

page_text: through a port F₁ at the other side and end to and from three acting
spaces C, C¹, C, formed of a crescent shape in the interior of the outer
cylinder B, so that when the opposite slides or pistons as a¹, a¹¹, and
,
all, al are connected by rigid rods f¹ of equal length or with
springs at their ends (inserted or tightened up through plug holes d
in the outer casing B at the recesses C) they fit and close the said
spaces C, C¹, C", by descending the one inclined side as they rise on the
other, with a piston of the same length or'diameter equal to that of the
internal piston A, and the maximum or greatest depth of each recess C;
but these pistons might also be actuated by duplex rods f³, f¹¹¹, with
springs between them, or springs f* below them and within the
recesses a*, all as described in reference to Figures 5 and 6; and the
rods f', Figure 11, may work through tightening bushes or stuffing
boxes f³ in the eyes or webs of the cylinder A through which they pass;
or these pistons a' might be connected by rods at their ends inside the
internal cylinder B and stuffing boxes B³, as shown at the lower side,
Figure 9 A. In this arrangement, Figures 7 and 8, three fixed stop or
abutting pistons 6 are inserted in the cylinder B between each acting
chamber C, C, C", tightened up by pinching screws 6* from the outside
of the cylinder B, and the joints at the ends of these acting spaces C
and a formed with the under piston A are tightened up by an annular
ring with radial pieces du tightened up by pinching screws d³ through
the end covers B³, the outer edge of the outer ring being bevelled to
suit a similarly formed lip or edge on the outer cylinder B, Figure 7 A.
.A somewhat similar modification of rotatory engine to that just
described in reference to Figures 7 and 8, is shown in end elevation,
Figure 9, with the end cover removed and partly in section, and in large
section of one end, Figure 9 A, to show two different modes and means
of actuating the four slides b, connecting the opposite ones 61, 6¹¹¹, and b",
6, by rigid rod or rods f³, f, with springs in them crossing the axial
shaft (in this case shown solid and keyed to the internal drum A) by a
long elliptical eye in the rods working either inside the cylinder ends
and stuffing box B³, or outside through stuffing boxes fe, in the chamber
f of the stop slides b, formed and working in the outer cylinder B,
which in this case is made cylindrical in the inside with the inner
cylinder or drum A of a cam shape with the three hollow acting recesses
C, C¹, C¹¹, formed in its perimeter with stop pistons a between them in
the apex of the cam parts. These rods f¹¹, f³, are adjusted and tightened

page_text: 66
"
The steam is admitted by one arrangement as shown at the lower part
of Figure 9 to the chamber f of the slides b', by the pipe D on the one
side, and exhausted from a corresponding pipe D' on the other, the
steam entering and passing through recesses h in the sides of the slides
b', which thus form their own valves for the admission and exhaust of
the steam to and from the acting chambers C, as indicated in reference
to the slides a, in Figures 7 and 8, and the arrows in these Figures 8 and
9 indicate the direction and action of the steam and motion of the
external and internal cylinders B and A respectively. The acting slides
and pistons a¹ and b' may be made with broad faces or cover at 1, so
as to cut off the steam at any point of their sliding motion or not as
desired, and as shown in enlarged end sections and side view in Figures
61 and 6 2 respectively, and the rubbing ends of the slides b' or a¹ may be
formed with antifriction rollers / longitudinally across their centre, as
shown in the enlarged transverse section 63 and the recesses ; in these
slides may be formed with brass plates h" in them, to form their
rubbing surfaces in their chamber as shown in large transverse section,
Figures 10 and 10 A, and at the side elevation of the slide valve b³, with
it's brass facing h", shown in Figure 10 B, corresponding to Figure 10 A.
The working surfaces or parts of these pistons a, a¹, b, b', or their recesses
h may be fitted with thin movable plates and knee corner metallic
packing pieces e pressed out by springs inserted in and removable from
recesses e³ made for them as shown in Figures a 1, a 2, a 3, the first being
a horizontal face view of the plates, showing the mode of overlapping or
checking them at their ends e" in the centre, and the second (a²) is a
longitudinal section of the recess e¹ in the internal cylinder A, showing
the springs e², e³, for pressing out the packing plates e, which springs
may be curvilinear blade springs or spiral springs with a plate e¹¹¹,
between the longitudinal spring e² and the packing plate e, while
Figure a 3 is a transverse section of the recess e¹ in the internal cylinder
A; showing small steam-tight brass pistons e³ below the said plate e¹¹¹,
for pressing out the rubbing packing plates e, by the pressure of steam
instead of the springs e², the steam being admitted by a duct e' to back
of piston from the acting space or cylinder C.

page_text: In some cases these loose bearing or packing plates may be bevelled
or slotted and tongued at their ends, so as to overlap each other at the
joint e", and pressed out from their grooves e¹, and fixed' or sliding
pistons a, a, b, b₁, when fitted into these by the springs e², e³, or by
regulating pinching screws, all substantially as shown in these and the
other Figures on Sheets 1 and 2, so as to make them fluid and pressure
tight on the surfaces of the cylinders A or B, and in passing the other
slides or stop pistons a¹ or 6', as the case may be, and compensate for
their wearing in working.
Referring generally to Figures 11 to 18, on Sheet 1. By another
improvement in or as applied to these constructions of single annular,
eccentric, or segmental cylinders, and rotatory engines (as shown in
Figures 1, 4, 5, 7, and 9,) two or more of the internal barrels or
cylinders as A, A, A", with their acting pistons a, b, may be keyed
on one shaft A³, say two or three as shown in Figures 11, 12, 13,
and 14, 15, respectively, having division webs or discs, as indicated at Bº,
B', closely fitted with sufficient packing rings between them, and within
their long internally bored outer hollow cylinder or casing B, B³, B",
(which may be made in one or more pieces) with closing ends B², bolted
(as shown in the single rotatory engines described in reference to
Figures 1, 2, or 7, 8,) to flanges at B³, on the outer cylinder B, grooves
i,, being formed in the inside faces of the end cover B³ opposite the
bearing edges of the inner cylinder or drum A, and those of the outer
cylinder B to receive those with a loose tightening ring ", in the
bottom of each groove, either pressed up from behind by springs or
pinching screws d³, or both against the said edges of the inner and outer
cylinders direct, or with soft metal, india-rubber, or other packing as
may be preferred between the rings ", and these stationary or working
edges, or as shown at ", o, in the annular cylinder engines herein-after
described and shown in reference to Figures 19 to 25, on Sheet 2, and
having the shaft A³ and inner cylinder or cylinders A of this compound
arrangement revolving in long bearings B2 in the end covers with
stuffing boxes and glands outside as in the other modifications. The
first inner cylinder A at one end may be wholly made to work with high
pressed initial steam admitted to its acting space C, expanding and
exhausting through an exhaust port or ports, either formed through the
division web or disc (as B*,) or through ports and ducts F", F, Fun,
formed through the outer cylinder B or within a casing E*, formed or

page_text: attached thereto, and through and into the acting space O¹ of the second
or the middle cylinder A³, B¹, when there are three cylinders as in
Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14, 15, which in turn would exhaust in like
manner into the acting space C" of the third or low pressure condensing
cylinder A", B", Figures 14 and 15, at the other end of the set which
(as explained in reference to the last acting compartment c" of the
single cylinder arrangement, Figures 1, 2, and 1A, 1B,) could either
form a condenser and pump itself to discharge its own condensed steam
and water, or exhaust into any ordinary arrangement of separate
condenser or condensing apparatus, or have our improved arrangement
of condensing pump applied thereto, and which will be herein-after
described in reference to the Figures on Sheet 4.
Thus then, referring to Figures 11, 12, and 13, on Sheet 1, which are
respectively a plan and an end view partly in section through the first
or high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders A, B, and A³, B', respectively,
and a side elevation, all corresponding to each other of a rotatory engine,
constructed on the compound expansive principle in accordance with
one modification of the improvements under the first part of our said
Invention, having two eccentric acting spaces C, C³, one for the high
pressed steam and one for the expanded or low pressed steam, formed
between two inner revolving cylinders A, A', (keyed on the same hollow
shaft A, shown detached to an enlarged scale in side elevation at
Figures 11 A and 11 A') and the interior of the outer hollow cylinder B,B',
both constructed as shown in the section of the low-pressure cylinder
(Figure 12), except that the fixed stop pistons 6 or dead point of the high-
pressure cylinder is on the opposite side between its ports F, F¹, each
internal cylinder A. has two opposite sliding pistons a¹ connected by
rods f¹, working through bushed holes or recesses formed through the
web of the wheel A and its shaft A³, all much as shown and described
in reference to Figures 5, 6, and 7, the rods fi and springs f*, when
these are used, being inserted through plugged holes at f*, by the
port F or other apertures with screw covers for the purpose in the
body of the cylinder B, B', as shown particularly in the enlarged views
of the pistons A, A', in Figures 11 A and 11 A² respectively. The stop
pistons in this case, Figure 11, are shown fitted with duplex long
wedges at d, the lower one of which is tightened up from the outside of
end covers B2 by the screw pins d*. The shaft A² of the inner
cylinder A, A¹, revolves in long stuffing box bearings, formed eccen-

page_text: trically in the end covers B², which are fitted to the turned edges of the
cylinder B by grooves i and jointing rings, tightened up by screw
pins d³ from the outside of the end covers, which are themselves secured
and tightened up by the screw bolts B³ to flanges on the outer cylinder B,
so as to make a tight joint between them and the ends of the cylinder A,
all substantially as shown and described in reference to Figures 1 and 2;
in this case, however, the outer cylinder does not revolve, but is secured
to a suitable fixed framing by the flanges B³ near the top on each side,
and above the steam casings H and H at each side with ordinary hollow
reversing slide valves H and H for admitting and exhausting the steam
through end ports F, F, and out through the central port F" and
exhaust pipes D¹ and D", all respectively of the high-pressure and low-
pressure cylinders A, B, and A, B, and their acting spaces C and C³,
the high-pressure steam or other acting fluid from the boiler or other
generator or magazine entering the casing H by the pipe D. The stopping,
and starting, and reversing valves H₁ and H' are actuated by the same
double-armed hand lever K, set and fulcrummed at an angle by a central
pin to snugs K¹ on the top of the cylinder B. The high-pressure steam
after doing its work in the first half of the acting chamber C and
cylinder B passes out either at a central port F", exactly opposite the
dead point or stop piston b, or through one or other of the two ports Fu
or F, placed some inches or a little distance on each side of the
port Fui, all three leading into separate chambers E", E™, and E, and
by the three ducts E³, E³, E, into three branches of the four branch
cock I, with a one-ported hollow key I'leading by its inner open end
into the valve casing H" of the low-pressure expansion cylinder B', C',
the fourth branch Es being for the admission of high-pressure steam
from the boiler, when the port in the side of the key I¹ is opened by the
hand lever K to it, which would shut the other three ducts E², E³, E*,
so that both cylinders B and B¹ would then work high-pressure, receiving
steam by their respective inlet pipes D and D³, and exhausting by their
exhaust pipes D¹ and D". But as the valves and other parts are set
and the direction of the motion of the steam and cylinders A, A¹, are
indicated by the black arrows in Figures 11 and 12, the steam is shown
expanding from the high pressed cylinder through the central port F",
and ducts E", E, through the key I', into the low-pressure cylinder B',
from which it may finally exhaust through the pipe D" some few inches
before closing the admission of the high-pressure steam and port to the
first cylinder. By making the hollow key I open the near port and

page_text: duct F, E, this would give six inches or so of the high-pressure
steam from the boiler to the low-pressure cylinder before shutting off
the inlet steam by the rear piston a', and after expanding through half
the revolution of both engines, while the steam left in the high-pressure
cylinder after passing its exhaust port escapes through exhaust pipe D¹.
When these engines were working high-pressure or expansive, as de-,
scribed, the waste steam from both engines and pipes D¹, D", might be
conducted to any ordinary condenser, or to our improved condensing
pump to be herein-after described; or when working expansively (or
otherwise) a jet of water may be admitted to the cylinder B¹ by either
of the injection water taps J, J', (according to the direction the engine.
is running), shown in Figure 12, and the piston a¹ would form a pump
to discharge the water and air through the exhaust D", which in this
case, or the central exhaust port F*, may be fitted a discharge:clack
or other valve which would prevent the return of the water into the
cylinder B¹.
Figures 14 and 15 are respectively an end elevation, partly in section,
and a side elevation of another form of these compound high pressure,
expansive, and condensing rotatory steam engines, with three eccentric
or crescent shaped acting steam spaces formed within a single hollow.
cylinder B, B', B", by two internal division discs or rings B, B', between
them, and three inner cylinders or drums keyed on a single solid
shaft A, both revolving eccentrically in long stuffing boxes in the two
end covers B² of the outer cylinder B, all much as described in reference
to Figures 11 to 13 of our improvements, except that the admission of
the steam for making the whole of the internal chambers and
cylinders C, A, act on the high pressure or on the compound
principle is regulated by two different arrangements of four-way
cocks I, as shown in horizontal detached sections in Figures 16 and 17.
Referring to Figures 14 and 15, this improved arrangement of com-
pound engine with three internal cylinders A, A¹, A", and acting
spaces c, c¹, c¹¹, as explained, having one initial steam and exhaust.
port F, F, and one abutting stop piston b to each acting chamber C,
with two opposite secondary or sliding pistons a¹, a¹, in the first cylinder
or drum A would give a double expansive action and power, first into
the second cylinder B¹ or its acting space C¹, and then into the third
cylinder B" (similarly arranged as to ports and pistons), and the power
of the vacuum in the back or exhaust side of the piston of the latter
C

page_text: would give a double power in the last cylinder, and consequently four
different powers
and actions from the same steam while passing through
this engine on the compound high-pressure and condensing expansive
principle are obtained; and this power can be doubled in this arrange-
ment of engine by doubling the number of inlet and exhaust ports and
corresponding slides or pistons a, and adding them on the opposite sides
or pistons, when the engine is made annular instead of eccentric as
shown (which would thus use nearly twice the steam, but give double
the power in each revolution), each exhaust. port. F¹ and duct E¹ con-
ducting the steam to corresponding duplicate inlet ports F, E, and acting
chambers C¹ in the second and third cylinders B¹, B", respectively and
successively through the four-way cocks, as shown in the horizontal
section, Figure 16, the high-pressure steam from the boiler entering by the
pipe D into and through the first cock I so as to enter the induction
duct and port E, F, of the first engine B, and exhaust out through the
exhaust duct E¹, through the same cock straight on through the second
cock I 2, which has a hollow duct through it leading the steam so as to
expand into the second cylinder through the third cock I into the
entrance duct E of the second cylinder B¹, and exhaust out through the
discharge duct E¹ thereof through the same cock I 3, on straight through
the central duct of the fourth cock to the fifth cock, which directs the
steam into the fourth cylinder B3 by its entering duct E, from which
cylinder it is finally exhausted through its discharge duct E¹, and this
last cock I 5, into the final discharge pipe D¹ to any ordinary condenser
for steam engines, or to our improved condensing pump to be herein-
after described; or a jet of water may be introduced into the lower part
of this last cylinder B³ through the pipe and tap or valve J, shown in
Figure 14, for the condensation of the steam, which water would be
discharged by the slides a³, a¹, out through the final exhaust duct E¹ and
pipe D', which, when the last cylinder is thus made a condenser, is
preferred to be fitted with a flap or other valve and valve chest, as shown
at J in Figures 17 and 18, all as indicated by the red arrows in
Figure 16, while the simple turning of the first, third, and fifth cocks
one quarter of a revolution will actuate the cylinders in the reverse or
back direction from that shown and indicated by the arrows in Figures 14
and 16. While the simple turning of the cocks 12 and 14 one-fourth
of a revolution as indicated by the dotted lines 2---2 and 4- -4 in
Figure 16 will admit high-pressure steam to the second and fourth
cylinders B¹, B³, from the pipe D³, and allow the first and second

page_text: cylinders B, B³, to exhaust into and through the exhaust pipe D" into
the final exhaust pipe D¹, thus making all the three cylinders and
chambers of this arrangement work as high pressure and condensing
engines without compound expansion; and referring to Figure 17 this
shows an arrangement of the cocks and pipes for giving the high-
pressure steam through the pipes D, D³, to the first and second cylin-
ders B, B', and making them exhaust and expand through the pipe D"
into the third cylinder, which thus acts as a condenser or condensing
cylinder, discharging through the valve and valve chest J" with four
cocks I.
Referring generally to Figures 19 to 29, on Sheet 2 of the Drawings,
another improvement of our said rotatory engines (when they have
more annular acting spaces than one in the same cylinder, but in this
case outside each other of said radii and circumference) consists in ex-
hausting and expanding the steam from the final exhaust port or
ports F herein-before referred to in each compartment c (when there is
more than one of these) in the first main annular high pressed steam
spaces C nearest the axle into a lateral port or ports F, and side duct or
ducts E, through and in or on the outside of one or both of the end
covers B² into the inlet port F of the corresponding chambers c of a
second annular expansion steam acting space C" formed in the main
enclosed central cylinder A. by broad annular webs c* on a central disc
or sustaining feather A* some little distance out from the first initial
steam space
C to allow of the radial acting stop slides a¹ working radially
up and down into recesses a* made for them in their web spaces c*, all
so that the high pressed steam after having done its work in the two
compartments on opposite sides of the first annular duplex high-pressure
space C would escape through the exhaust or outlet ports and ducts F¹, E',
into the corresponding inlet ducts and ports E, F, and segmental acting
spaces c¹ of the second expansion annular space or cylinder C¹, and
further and similarly be conducted and expanded from the acting com-
partments c of this second annular cylinder into a third and low-pressed
or condensing outer annular acting space or cylinder C" from the
exhaust ports F of which the steam or condensed steam or water there-
from could be discharged by its own action as a condenser and discharge
pump, or exhausted or discharged as before stated into any ordinary
condenser, or into our said improved condensing pump herein-before
referred to and to be herein-after described in reference to Figures 16
to 22 on Sheet 4. Thus the internal cylinder or drum A is made with
0

page_text: the division web A* in the centre, dividing the inner annular high
pressure acting space or cylinder C into two parts, as well as that of the
second annular expansive motive power space C³ with connecting inlet
and exhaust ports Fx through their webs or feathers A* when required,
Figures 19 and 24. The annular web or rim c* between these annular
cylinders is wide enough radially to allow the sliding pistons a¹ to work
in the radial slots a* made longitudinally right across the central webs A*,
and the whole drum and duplex high-pressure and expansion spaces C, C¹,
so formed for that purpose, the first set a¹ sliding inwards towards the
centre into their annular space c, and the other set a² sliding outwards
into the expansion cylinder or annular space C¹ to close these spaces;
the whole drum being cast in one, as shown in Figure 20, or it might be
in two, jointed and bolted as shown in Figure 25, through the central
web A*, and either cast or keyed fast on its solid shaft A³, or it might
be a hollow shaft, the whole being turned cylindrically on its outer
surface c³, having the condensing cylinders or annular spaces C¹³, C",
formed between it and the internal bored surface of the circumferential
outer casing B, which by preference has the secondary sliding pistons a¹, a',
of these spaces working through and within radial longitudinal slots or
chambers a* in the inner cylinder A and chambers f in the outer
cylinder B respectively, in Figures 19, 20, and 24, 25.
And referring particularly to the several Figures and modifications of
the improvements under the first part of our said Invention shown on
Sheet 2, Figures 19 and 20 are respectively a transverse and a longi-
tudinal section taken on irregular lines through the axis, so as to show
the particular and improved construction and general arrangement and
action of the important working pistons or slides and other parts, with
two internal annular acting cylinders or spaces C and C¹. The first
cylinder C is turned in the form of two annular grooves from each side
within the annular rims C* of the internal cylinder A, in this case formed
with a solid central web A* between them, extending out from the large
boss or eye keyed on a solid revolving shaft A² which passes out through
stuffing boxes in the end covers B2 of the outer cylinder B, as shown and
described in reference to the former Figures and modifications on
Sheet 1, the inner annular space C being divided into two segmental
acting spaces c, c¹, by the abutting pistons a fixed in slots m in the
outer covers B with entrance and exhaust ports F, F¹, close to and on
each side of these fixed stop pistons a, this acting space C being sub-

page_text: divided at right angles to these abutting pistons a by the two sliding
pistons a', and the outer annular space C¹ has also two abutting pistons
fixed in the same straight axial line as the others within block z attached
to the inside of the outer cylinder B, and chamber C¹ is subdivided by
13

page_text: of both engines and chamber spaces C, C', being shown in the plan 22 A,
as passing through the centre of the cock I¹. The outer acting
cylindrical space C¹ is formed between the outer periphery c³ of the
internal cylinder A, and the internal surface of the outer cylinder B,
both truly turned as the former spaces C for the action of their respective
fixed and sliding pistons a, a, and b¹, to maintain a fluid pressure tight
joint while working on them. In this case the outer cylinder B does
not revolve, but is secured to a suitable framing by the flanges B³ cast
on each side of its outer web and between the flanges B³, to which the
end covers B² are secured, either by short screw bolts as shewn at B³, or
by long screw bolts passed right across the whole as shown at B6, both in
Figure 20; the working edges c of the central revolving cylinder A are
made angular at c', and the turned edges of the outer cylinder B are made
square to enter corresponding grooves i formed for them in the covers B³,
all made capable of being tightened up to suit the wear on those parts,
by the said screw bolts B³ or B, a metallic ring with soft metal or
other packing being inserted into the outer grooves so as to be tightened
up by pinching screws d³ all round the edges of the outer cylinder B, to
maintain a tight joint therewith. The annular space C" between the
outer hollow cylinder B and inner cylinder or drum A may be formed
right across the whole, from the one end cover B² to the other, which
are made as so far described as discs held by edge flanges, and bolts to
flanges B on the outer cylinder B, and are smoothly turned with
grooves and bearing surfaces ¹³, on the inner face to fit the fixed or
stationary pistons band working edges of the plain or bevelled movable
pistons 6' (as seen particularly in the section Figures 20 and 25),
and edges of the annular webs cx, forming the annular fluid acting
spaces C; which when formed in the enclosed drum or piston A, and
opening on each side with the central web A* between them, may be
bevelled or narrowed inside to fit the end and side bearing plates e¹, e, of
the stationary pistons a, when pressed in as they wear. The radially
sliding pistons a¹ are fitted in the form of sliding plates so as to close
and open the inner high-pressure annular space C to change the action
of the steam on them in passing the fixed normal pistons a, by working
out or into these slots a* in the annular metal space or web c¹, between
the first and second acting spaces C, C¹, and those a¹, closing and
opening the latter C₁ in like manner, working radially inwards in
slots a* formed intermediately between the slots of the former in the said
webs c, c; but, referring to Figures 24 and 25, the radial pistons b¹ of

page_text: the outer acting spaces C" work outwards into recesses f, formed in the
outer shell or cylinder B, and they are respectively preferred to be made
to work freely in recesses or checks, fluid pressure tight in the bottoms
and edges of their recesses a*, f, so as to close the passage without
reaching to the bottom or causing concussion, but the side checks are.
preferred to be slotted and tongued, so that the steam cannot pass at the
parts where these slides a¹ or b¹ are passing the abutting stop slides a or b.
While the initial acting or reacting pistons a, b, or the blocks in which
they are fitted, are by preference made with angled or curved surfaces Z
at each side or end for the moving piston to glide over, and are fitted
and screwed to the opposite working surface of the recesses to that into
which the radially sliding ones recede, or lift, or glide over, or be clear
off them, as shown at Z, Figures 19 and 24, so that the working
peripheries of the drum A and cylinder B may be turned as described in
reference to Figures 1A and 1 B. But these stationary pistons a, which
work within the duplex annular spaces C, C', on each side of the central
drum A, are fixed in deep checks or recesses m in and through the end
covers B³, Figures 20 and 25, and fixed by outer covers m¹ and by screw
pins from the outside of the end covers B. These pistons a and their
packing plates e, e¹, are tightened up by spiral or other spring e², e³,
with suitable pinching screws m¹ and jam nuts, all as seen particularly
in Figure 20. The closing ends ³ of the sliding pistons b', Figure 26 A,
may be rounded and glide up and down on the curved or bevelled
surfaces of the radial fixed pistons Z, a, fluid pressure tight, by the
pressure of the steam or the springs, or the sliding pistons may be lifted
so as to pass the fixed ones by fixed or revolving cams G, or cam
grooves G, G¹, close to the end covers B³ of the engine or cylinders B
by rods as described in reference to Figures 2, 9, and 9 A.
For working the inner slides or pistons a¹ in these modifications,
Figures 19 and 20, and 24 and 25, cam grooves M, M', are cut or
formed one in each of the inner surfaces of the end discs or covers B
of the cylinder B, for each set of the slides closing the chambers C, C',
respectively, and having bevelled rings O sunk in grooves in the covers
to maintain a tight joint on the edges c* of the annular spaces C, C³,
the cam grooves M, by preference, being made opposite the spaces
between the annular acting hollow spaces C, C', into which cam
grooves, antifriction pulleys g, or pins in short levers N¹ work, being
keyed on transverse spindles N (shown in detached plan view Figure 23).

page_text: passed through holes N* in the corresponding and intermediate
annular spaces and divisions between the slides a¹ to be actuated
inside the main cylinder or piston A, which spindles N are made
with ground collars and washers N², with spiral spring and nuts N³
to make them fluid pressure tight in their working bearings N*, and
have the eyes of either one or two short levers or segmental toothed
wheels N" keyed or otherwise fixed on them, shown in Figures 23
and 23 A, so that their free ends work into corresponding slots or
teeth N in the sliding pistons a¹, and raise and lower them in their
radial transverse slots a* formed within the annular body part of the
central piston c*, all by the action of the said cam groove M.
An improved form of the cam groove or rim and pulley arrange-
ment consists in making two pulleys in the width having one rolling
on the outer and the other on the inner surface of the cam groove or
rim so that they would both roll in different directions, and jointly
fill the space on the acting surface without play or shake, but be
individually clear of the groove on their opposite surfaces, by having
the grooves wider on that side, or the axes of the pins on which the
pulleys work made stepped or eccentric to each other in the radial
line of their motion and action in the cam, and a stiff spring could
be made with a pinching screw behind their spindle for sustaining it
at right angles to the said radial line, or parallel to the revolving axes
of the cam or engine, or an india-rubber washer may be put in between
the bushes of the rollers and the eye of the rollers, which arrangements
of rollers and the cam groove M whether formed in the ends of the
cylinder or in cams G outside, would make them work most steadily
and with little concussion or noise, all substantially as herein-before
described and shown in reference to Figures 2 and 3, and 24, 25, 27,
and 28.
By another arrangement the outer slides b', Figures 24, 25, and 26,
may be constructed with working side plates e, and a corresponding
blade spring n and screw link N, Figure 26, or as shown at Figure 25,
with a brass bearing casing e, e¹, all round, and enclosed spring n having
springs or tightening screws for maintaining a tight joint and making
up for the wear in working, these being actuated by a lever N" as in
the former case on the inner end of a spindle N working through screw
stuffing boxes N³ in the chamber f of the wheel B, the free end N" of
which is linked to the spring at N, and the outer end of the spindle N

page_text: them out fluid pressure tight against the working faces of their
recesses f, or, in some cases, the pressure of the steam within the ports
and ducts would effect the same purpose; the ends of the sliding
pistons may also be made steam-tight by making their recesses wider
than the annular steam spaces and work in grooves in the sides of their
chambers with grooved and tongued recesses to prevent the escape of
steam at these edges, all substantially as shown in reference to
Figures 10, 10 A, and 10 B, and 24 and 25. By this means we obtain
all the advantages of valves (without the complication of these) in
preventing the escape or loss of steam in passing the fixed piston a or b,
and-in obtaining accuracy in the time of action and a cut off and
expansion in the same chamber or segment of cylinder as well as into
other chambers and cylinders, as herein-before specified. Small re-
movable plugs d or cover pieces & are formed and closely fitted into
the outer casings B, A, c*, or covers B³, attached by screw pins or
bolts opposite the motive annular spaces C, and fixed or sliding
pistons a, a', or b, b', as may be required, or their working spindles f", N,
so as to be able to remove and replace any of these parts without taking
the whole engine to pieces.. These fluid-acting hollow cylindrical
spaces C, C¹, although described and referred to as annular, may, (as
is well known in this class of rotatory engines with acting and reacting
sliding and stop pistons) be made when preferred with eccentric hollow
cylindrical acting spaces C formed by the axis of the inner cylinder
being placed as much eccentric to the outer casing as to work or revolve
close or nearly close up to its inner surface at one of the initial bearing
and closing pistons a or b, where the inlet and exhaust ports F, F', are,
and the action of the steam changes from exhaust to pressure, especially
in the single or in the outer annular steam acting spaces formed between
the inner drum and outer cylinder; or otherwise the annular space C
might be made eccentric or elliptical by fixing or forming crescent or
cam shaped pieces Z, as shown in Figures 1 A, 1 B, 7, 9, 19, and 24, to
either the internal or external revolving or fixed cylinders A or B, and
act in an equivalent manner to the arrangement of eccentric annular
space or chamber described in reference to Figures 11 to 14.
By these improvements this class of rotatory engines is thus made
compound expansive engines, either single high-pressure and compound
expansive and condensing in the same annular cylinder and engine, or
single or double acting high pressure in one annular cylinder, and

page_text: compound expansive from the first high-pressed annular cylinder into
a second or a third annular chamber or cylinder in the same axial line
longitudinally, or radial and concentric, as different forms or modifications
of the same principle of rotatory engines, thus giving the high
expansion power herein-before explained. The steam or other motive
pressure fluid in these improved engines may be admitted and exhausted
through the said ports or ducts in the improved slide piston valves
through stuffing box branch pipes at the opposite ends of the main
central shaft made hollow for that purpose with a division or solid part
in the centre between the two hollow ends, whether the shaft (and inner
cylinder or drum fixed on it) revolves or is fixed and stationary, but
when the outer hollow cylinder is fixed and stationary, as is preferable
for many applications and cases, and for stationary and marine engines,
as shown in these modifications, Figures 19 and 20, and 24 and 25, the
steam could be admitted and exhausted through branch pipes and
ports E, F, on one or both ends of the outer cylinder, and from one
cylinder or acting segment of same to another through ports in the
webs A of the internal drum A or port in the side piston leading to these,
or through branches leading to and from opposite sides of chambers
and recesses of the sliding pistons a¹ or 6¹, in the outer cylinder B,
substantially as herein-before described in reference to Figures 9, 9 A,
and 10 A. When the outer casing B is thus made stationary it has
a strong sole or flanges B³ cast in the sides of the outer case or on
the end covers having bearings and stuffing boxes outside with glands
for the ends of the shaft A³ to work out through for transmitting the
motive power produced by the power of the fluid acting on the revolving
pistons a, a, carried on the central revolving cylinder A, keyed on the
central transmitting shaft A², all substantially as herein-before described
in reference to Figures 11 to 15 on Sheet 1. The reversing of these
engines is effected much in the usual manner for such rotatory engines
by either connecting the main inlet and exhaust pipes E, E¹, or D, D',
and fitting and controlling their entrances or ports by a single large
three or four-way cock I or valve H¹, and hand lever K, as described in
reference to Figures 5, 5 A, and 5 B, on Sheet 1, and to be herein-after
shown and described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, and 1 A, on
Sheet 3. The reversing of the engine and the currents of inlet and
exhaust steam to set on the engine in either direction in these improved
rotatory engines may be effected by fitting one such cock or valve to each

page_text: pipe, and controlling them by one hand lever and connecting mechanism,
which is also made to stop the engine in central position.
When the engines are compound expansive engines with their annular
or eccentric acting cylinder either on the same shaft or radially outwards
in the same cylinder, as described in reference to the several Figures on
Sheets 1 and 2 respectively, the inlet and exhaust ducts of each annular
or segmental acting spaces may be controlled and reversed by such
single valves or cocks, as shown at Figures 16 and 17 on Sheet 1, con-
nected as one valve by rods or other equivalents, so as to be actuated by
- a single hand lever brought to a convenient position for the engineer or
driver to control the action of the engine. This arrangement of inlet
and discharge cocks for each acting chamber would also be most suitable
when these improved rotatory engines are used as pumps, blowers,
exhausters, or as meters, when their shafts are driven either by some of
their own cylinders as motors, or when driven by other motive power,
one or more of the chambers being worked so as to discharge either
singly or jointly into and through the same discharge pipe.
Figures 30 and 31 on Sheet 2 of our Drawings are respectively a
transverse and edge section of a part of a rotatory engine or wheel of
the annular rim class, with segmental gravitating piston, sufficient to
show the application of our improvements as applied thereto and to
this class of rotatory engines. The ordinary segmental gravitating
piston is shown at A revolving by antifriction pulleys near its ends on
the outer surface of the rectangular and annular acting steam chamber C
turned out of the rim of the solid wheel B, cast by preference in one
with the arms and hollow axis A³, for the steam to enter by the end D
and exhausting through the end D¹. An annular end cover B* in
one or more pieces is bolted to the flanges and bolts B³ of the cylinder
B, C, and either having radial covers B³ formed on the solid covers B²
or separate ones bolted by the bolts and flanges at B' over the planed
recesses ƒ in which the slides b¹, ", work, and for the removal and
insertion of these and the loaded piston A. doors and lids d, d¹, being
also made in these covers B³, B³, or in the body or sides of the wheel
and acting chamber B, C, for the insertion of the rollers or packings of
the piston A or other small working parts, or the tightening up of these
without requiring to take off the large covers B² or B³. Near the said
rollers are the abutting close metallic packing plates of the piston A tight-

page_text: ened on all sides by a single screw wedge arrangement, and the extreme
ends have improved curvilinear wedge-shaped plates Z, Z', fitted on their
inner ends, which give it a crescent shape (Figure 30), and act on the
extreme rounded ends b* and antifriction rollers ¹ of the two opposite
stop slides b, b, reciprocating radially out from narrow rectangular
chambers ff, on exactly opposite sides of the wheel, all so that as the
wheel B comes round by the pressure of the steam between the lower
stop slide 6 and end Z of the piston A, a close joint is maintained
between them while the former is gliding down the latter until the
check and roller enter the close check at the bottom of its recess, while
the top plate Z³ presses down the slide b' against the power of the
pressure of the steam on a small piston 9 attached by a rod to the inner
end of each slide b, b', and working in the cylinder g³, secured in the
centre of the wheel and between the chambers fand ƒ¹, which steam is
admitted to the centre of the cylinder g¹ through a self-acting valve g¹¹
opening a port at the inner close end of the steam side of the hollow
shaft A closing that on the exhaust side D¹, thus always pressing the
slides out to insure the contact and steam-tight joint at the ends 6*,
whether gliding over the wedge end Z, Z, or pressed home into the
check at the bottom of their recess while passing round the acting
part of the wheel B opposite the loaded piston A, but instead of the
steam between these pistons g a long spiral spring or other equivalent
might be placed between them or their rods which might work through
stuffing boxes, or the inner ends of these rods might be connected direct
or through spring links to fixed levers on the wheel, and have these
levers worked by a rod, each worked by the back part of the plates Z, Z³,
through a stuffing box as a cam to prevent the point of their wedge
part knocking on the outer end b* of the slides b.
These stop slides b¹, 6", are made hollow, with a central rib j¹ and
brass working faces h", all of the improved construction shown and
described in reference to Figures 10, 10 A, and 10 B, on Sheet 1, for the
admission and exhaust of the steam to and from the acting cylinder C,
on opposite sides through the ports and ducts F, E, F¹, E', and F², E³,
F", E", both leading from and to the inner inlet and outlet ends of the
hollow shaft, all as indicated by the red and the blue arrows respectively in
the Figures. Small self-acting lid valves 1 are fitted inside the extreme
outer end of these steam and exhaust ducts E, E², and E¹, E", which
close by the pressure of the steam in the former and open by the

page_text: exhaust on the fatter, or by the escape or the steam leit and connned in
the space each time the slides b₁ have to pass the upper dead point and
end of the weighted piston A, and for which these improved self
acting valves were described also in Figure 1 A and 1 B; and it will be
observed that these valves 1 on the exhaust side (as seen at the lower
slide b¹, Figure 30, will have the effect of enlarging the exhaust port F
and thus enable the inner edges of the plates or their slides to be made
broad, and so cut off the steam to some extent.
Referring generally to the application of these improved constructions
of rotatory engines (herein-before described in reference to the several
Figures on Sheets 1 and 2) for the purpose of actuating portable engines
for running on railways and common roads, or for fire engines and agri-
cultural engines, and other motive power purposes, and to the several
Figures illustrative of these improvements, shown on Sheet 3 and the
following Sheets of the Drawings, the outer or inner motive cylinders
B or A respectively of the rotatory engines are formed or attached to
one or more of the traction wheels, substantially as described in reference
to Figures 1 and 2, on Sheet 1, so as to give them their primary motion
direct; or through driving toothed wheels B³, C³, on their axis
gearing into each other, and either attached to the traction wheels G
or their shaft C in a fixed or loose manner, so as to revolve loose and be
each coupled by friction or other clutches G³, as shown in Figures 1
and 2, Sheet 3, controlled by ordinary hand gearing or levers, either with
or without brakes; and when the outer casings B are so formed in or
attached to the large traction wheels B*, Figure 1, Sheet 1, and made
to revolve with them, these wheels B* for stationary engines and pur-
poses might be made the driving and transmitting wheels, by toothed or
friction gearing or by belts; and these motive wheels or other wheels or
discs attached by them may be connected and give motion to the other
wheels by crank pins and connecting rods at opposite angles on their
outer faces, as the wheels of locomotives are coupled at present, with
the power of driving the wheels on both sides simultaneously, as desired
when going or steering round quick turns; or otherwise, for driving the
wheels on one side faster than the other, when different engines are
fitted to the opposite side motive discs or wheels they might be coupled
by gearing or chain wheels; thus the first motive shaft or the said
revolving discs or wheels of the rotatory engines, whichever were used
to drive the other traction wheels G; or their shafts C² might be coupled

page_text: running and traction wheels of these improved and other portable
engines claimed, with large segmental blocks of wood the width of
the rim between the strong spokes to rest on a spring or block of
india-rubber down near the eye, and to nearly fill the space there
circumferentially, but to have some sliding or rocking action and space
at the large circumferential part with springs of india-rubber, as also
a radial motion and action at the centre of the wood blocks by slots
and cotters or feathers to guide and secure them between the slides
of the wheel which may be solid with the hollow segmental spaces cut
in them, or have one or both or a part bolted on to keep them and an
outer ring or running tyre, when such is used with bearing surface and
guiding flange on it all in proper position, the outer segmental bearing
part of the blocks being made either with or without pieces, or a band
of india-rubber over them resting or bearing on the inner surface of
the running bearing tyre or otherwise, the outer parts of the movable
blocks may be shod or covered with segmental plates of iron, to form
the bearing and griping surface of the wheel, when used for common
roads or agricultural purposes, which outer bearing periphery may have
clutching and holding feathers on their outer surfaces, all which
improvements would give a better holding and traction action with
greater elasticity and durability of the india-rubber and whole wheel
than heretofore in such wheels and motive engines and vehicles fitted
with them, and thus be able to dispense with springs, so that these
shafts could be firmly secured to the carriage frame. These improve-
ments in the construction of carriage wheels, one modification and mode
of constructing which is shown in detail at Figures 14 to 18, on Sheet 3,
and will be herein-after described, may also be applied to wheels of
other forms of carriages whether driven by motive power or not, and the
traction wheels may have thick india-rubber tyres when the rotatory
engines are fixed to them.
Referring generally to the improved construction of our steam, or
steam and air gencrator 1 carried on this traction engine and pump,
shown at Figures 1 to 4, on Sheet 3, for supplying the motive power
steam or steam and air for the working of the rotatory motive engine B;
this consists of a vertical cylindrical boiler 1 fitted with vertical tubes c
expanded and riveted into the ordinary upper or smoke box tube
plate d and the lower fire box tube plates d', with another new tube
plate fitted and fixed to angle iron some distance (as, say, from

page_text: five to eight inches) below the upper tube plate & so as to form a
shallow water space e between them, into which the feed water is
forced through the pipe e' dipping into the said space, this water space
being by preference directly connected at the very top to a close pipe f
leading and opening into the enclosed steam and water space close above
the lower tube plate d' at f', so as to allow of a few inches of water
being always over the lower tube plate close to the fire, as seen more
particularly in O, Figure 7. An annular water space being formed by
the inner shell of the fire-box, and that of the main boiler riveted
thereto all round below the fire-grate, or to angle iron at the lower part
of the shell of the boiler, this water space being either directly connected
with the space above the fire tube plate or it may be by a pipe or
otherwise; both the upper and lower water spaces being fitted with
guages and cocks to show and insure the safety of the boiler, by the
constant presence and supply of water close to those hot tube plates,
and ends of the tubes in them. The tubes c passing through concentric
holes in the new tube plates b slightly larger than their outside diameter,
leaving a narrow space a for the water to trickle down the outer surface
of the ordinary tubes c, so as to be quickly evaporated or generated into
steam by the heated flames and products of combustion passing up the
inside of the tubes. The tube plates and outer shell of the boiler
are riveted in the usual manner by knee flanges or angle iron, the
heated products passing up through the tubes and the whole of the
enclosed internal space surrounding them between the lower tube plate
and the upper water space thus forms the steam generator raised from
the small body of water contained and supplied to the said spaces e, ƒ¹,
thus giving a greater heating, surface, power, and steam space, in pro-
portion to the quantity of water supplied to and contained in the
generator. The steam is or may be drawn off by a supply pipe and
stop or regulating valve to the motive engine from the upper part
of the said steam space. When. this boiler is used in conjunction with
the air pressure supply vessel's the steam may be regulated by its valve
to enter the engine along with the pressure fluid from the said vessels
to supplement it as stated and maintain the pressure required, or
otherwise to effect the same purpose, the air from the receivers may
be admitted in the proportion desired by a pipe and valve or cock into
the boiler, so as to maintain the supply and keep up the pressure against
reduction caused by the use and drawing off of air from the receivers,
and thus made the boiler is either applicable as a steam generator, or as

page_text: the shell 1', and tube plate d, and fire-box with the angle irons is pre-
ferred to be such that the outer shell 1' can be removed for repairs or
cleaning without disturbing the ordinary tubes or tube plates; and
Figures 8 and 9, 10 and 11, and 12 and 13, respectively show sections
of different arrangements of the upper and lower angle irons, and their
connection by bolts and rivets for the better removal of the inner or
outer shells than that shown in any of the other Figures or modifications
3 to 7.
Figure 14 is a side elevation, with one half of the outer binding disc
plate removed, of one modification of our improved traction wheel for
these improved tramway and other carriages; and Figures 15 and 16 are
horizontal sections of the same wheel, the former for running on common.
roads and the latter, shown with annular feathers on the outer surface
of the tyre, suitable for running on tramways and railways; while
Figures 17 and 18 are a vertical and a transverse section respectively of
another form of metallic eye or boss, with radial feathers for the
individual and better holding of the india-rubber and inner ends of the
wood segments, than that shown in Figures 14 and 16.
In this arrangement of traction engines, Figures 1, 2, and 3, 1 is the
steam generator shown of the vertical tubular class with the ordinary
tubes c fitted in the upper and lower fire-box tube plates in the usual
manner, and having two large horizontal and angular water heating and
circulating tubes 3 across the top of fire-box from the back to the front
of water space on each side of fire-door.
A new or improved annular steam chest or receiver 4 is formed round
the upper part of the main shell of the generator 1, and into which the
steam enters through sets or rows of small holes 4¹ at intervals round
the upper part of the said shell 1 of the boiler above the water level,
from which it passes down the open dip pipe 5 through the screw stop
plug valve 5¹ fitted to it outside of casing 4, from which it conducts to
the top of the steam valve chest 6 fitted with an ordinary D or hollow
slide valve 6', worked by the reversing spindle and hand lever 6" over
the three ports F, F¹, F", and ducts E, E¹, respectively leading to the
inlet and exhaust ends D, D³, of the hollow shaft A² of the rotatory
engine and cylinder B, and to the final exhaust pipe D" through the
central port F", as shown in longitudinal detached section of the steam
chest and plan of face of ports to an enlarged scale in Figure 1A of this
D

page_text: Sheet, being also substantially of the construction shown and described
in reference to Figures 11 and 12 on. Sheet 1, all as indicated by the red
and blue arrows in Figures 1 to 4, and 1A on Sheet 3. The strong
hollow shaft A2 (with its inner cylinder or drum A formed or keyed on
it) is carried and fixed from revolving by the end pillow blocks A³ with
feathers or keys bolted up to the under side of the strong main frame C
of a T shape in cross section, carrying the whole engine and carriage by
two blade springs 8 above the bushes of the main shaft of the new or
improved traction wheels G, and four conical coil springs 8¹ between the
steering bogie frame H of the two small carrying and steering wheels G¹,
the improved construction of which wheels G, G', will be herein-after
described in reference to Figures 14 to 18 of Sheet 3. A heating feed-
water tank 12 is formed below the steam chest 4 close round the lower
part of the shell of the steam generator 1, or it might be removed out
from it with an air space between them as at the dotted line 12',
Figure 3, and the exhaust steam pipe D", and steam is led up from the
front of the valve chest 6 into the lower part and spirally round and up
to above the water level in the hot water chamber 12, while the pipe 13
carried round the top of this water space, also with an open end, is carried
up the front of the boiler and steam chamber 4 and into the centre of
the conical smoke box and chimney 14, 14', where it opens into a
vertical nozzle, so as to carry up all steam which is not condensed in the
hot water chamber, in the form of a jet to assist the draught through
the tubes and chimney, all as indicated by the arrows in Figure 3,
Sheet 3. An annular tube 15 perforated with holes on the inside is
carried all round some little distance above the tubes at the lower part
of the smoke box, through which it passes for the admission of air,
which may be forced in by an air pump, or fan, or other equivalent
means to ignite the unconsumed gases, and regulated by a cock 15'
outside; and a "baffle" plate perforated all over is supported above this
air pipe by a truncated conical chamber perforated with larger holes on
the sides and bolted to the neck of the chimney, as scen at 16, Figure 3,
to ensure the complete consuming of the gases and prevent the escape
of hot cinders or ashes, the whole short chimney, carrying the air pipe
and baffle chamber, being hinged at the one side at 16¹ and fixed by
a swivel screw at the other 17. A cock is shown at 18 connecting
the bottom of the steam chamber 4 with the top of the feed water
chamber 12 for occasionally letting off any water which may collect in
the former, and two or more bent pipes g, g, connected to two apertures

page_text: at the top of the steam chamber 4 and new water space e to equalize
the pressure therein, and allow the steam generated in the latter to
escape into the chamber 4. The feed water is drawn from the hot water
cistern 12 by an injector or feed pump, and forced in through the small
p pipe e¹ into the upper water spaces e, from which it trickles down the
sides of the ordinary tubes c through the small annular aperture
between them and the holes in the plate 6 of the new water space e,
so as to be generated into steam by the flames and heated gases or
products of combustion passing through the tube c, all substantially as
herein-before described in the general reference to this improved con-
struction of steam generator..
Another modification of these improvements is shown at the right-
hand side of Figure 5 and at Figure 6, in which the tubes a¹ are inserted
in the apertures a, and fixed in the bottom plate 6 of the water space e
by any of the well-known expanding mandrils, so as to be carried by it
some little distance above the plate 6 in the water space e, and down-
wards for a considerable distance as to h upon the ordinary tubes c,
leaving a small annular space a between these tubes for the water to
flow over and down through them and be generated into steam, which
annular space may be partially closed at the points h, the water being
generated into steam in this narrow annular space.
A slightly different modification is shown to the right-hand side of
Figure 5, in which the lower plate 6 of the water chamber is made
portable with sides i and side screws for raising and lowering it, with
the new tubes a¹ lengthened so as to reach to the bottom of the fire-box
tube plate for general use and capable of being raised therefrom when
desired for the removal of any sediment or dirt which may accumulate
there or between the annular tubes c, a, a', the arrows indicating the
direction of the heated currents and steam currents in their various
ducts. The boiler 1 is carried and firmly secured to the fore end of the
main frame C by the lower side of the feed water tank 12, allowing the
lower fire-box end of the boiler to dip down through the main frame C,
which as well as the bogie frame H is made annular and of the angle
iron form in cross section at the front and sides C¹ for that purpose,
these gliding into the longitudinal slides forming the rectangular rear
part carrying the axle boxes C of the main traction shaft C² below,
which is driven by the spur pinions B³, B³, keyed on the elongated ends

page_text: of the covers B2 of the rotatory cylinder and engine B, revolving by
long bearing stuffing box bearings and glands BS outside the pinions on
the fixed hollow shaft A³ and upon a strong bearing at C* in a bush-
bearing pillow block on the under side of the rail C of the main
frame C. The pinions B gearing into the corresponding toothed
wheels C³, C³, keyed on the traction second motion shaft C³ so as to
actuate it at a slower speed than the rotatory engine B, one of the
wheels C³ having a belt pulley C³ secured to it for driving machinery as
. for portable motive engines for agricultural or other purposes. These
wheels G, G, are made to turn loose on their shaft and coupled by
ordinary friction or other clutches or discs at G³, either put into gear by
levers or other equivalent engaging and disengaging hand gearing;
.Z, Z, are the two barrels of the pumps, secured to under side of back
rails of frame C, being of the hollow trunk plunger class, with suction
and discharge valves and valve chest, having a suction and a discharge
pipe Z, Z, for securing the coupling ends of the hose or other pipes to,
and an air vessel Z³ on discharge vessel common to both pumps,
which are worked by the two eccentrics Y and their rods Y', the
.eccentric being loose on their shafts and coupled by ordinary clutch
couplings Y", Y³, and suitable hand lever. The improved constructions
of these wheels G and G¹ respectively for working on common roads
and tramway rails, as shown at Figures 14 to 18, consist of a solid
circular iron eye J, bushed in the centre when preferred, with recessed
flanges for receiving and securing the inner edges of two strong
malleable iron discs J', forming the main outside supports of the
wheel, either by rivets or screw bolts at J², and this eye may have
feathers or arms J³ between the flanges J, Figures 17 and 18. The
body of the wheel is formed in this case first of an inner large broad
ring of india-rubber j, shrunk on to the said metallic boss or eye J,
having the outer portion between the said disc J¹ made up of close
jointed segmental blocks of wood K, with large holes through each in
the centre, having large round blocks of india-rubber inserted tightly in
them, with metallic ferrules or eyes in their centre, through which bolts
or rivets J are passed by preference tight through their holes, as also
those J³, so as to secure the whole to and through the said outer discs J¹
all round their annular disc hoops k being sunk into the wood
segments K at their inner ends and part of the segments, where the
outer edges of the discs J¹ bear, and secured to these by wood screws, the
outer tyres G³, G", being shrunk on the outer periphery of the segments,

page_text: the former made plain on their outer surface, or with transverse ribs for
running on common roads, as shown on the one side of Figure 2, and
indicated by the dotted lines G² at Figure 15, and the latter shown with
strong tyres and a central guiding flange on the upper side of Figure 2
and at Figure 16, for running in the grooves of the tramway rails, but
for running on the ordinary rails of railways this flange would be formed
as an inside guiding flange in the usual manner. The two small front
running and steering wheels G₁ are of the same construction as the
large traction ones G, just described in reference to Figures 14 to 18,
and revolve loose on short stud axles H* fixed by strong curved flanges
to the annular angle iron bogie frame H, as also the steering arm frame
or lever H', all so as to support the fore end of the main frame C at
the sides C¹ on antifriction rollers 7 between it and the brackets and
bearing plates H" containing the conoidal springs within them, the
extreme back end of the steering lever H³ being connected to a chain
stretched transversely in both directions, having the two ends brought
up at each side over the outside of the guide pulleys H², and vertically
up on the inside of the guide pulleys H³, to the winding and steering
barrel I, on which these ends are wound in reverse directions, having
their ends fixed to the end flanges of the barrel I, carried by its spindle
in bush bearings at the top of the stand brackets I', I', and having the
steering wheel I² keyed on its overhanging end. It will be evident that
this construction of rotatory engine and carriage would also be suitable
for being formed in one with a passenger carriage on the same main
framing elongated for that purpose, or attached to such passenger
carriages separately for tramways, railways, and common roads.
. Referring particularly to the several Figures on Sheet 4 of the Draw-
ings, illustrative of the nature and mode of carrying out several of our
said improvements, Figures 1, 2 and 3 are a vertical end, side elevation,
and a half plan, respectively, of a design of vertical reciprocating steam
engine of an improved construction, adapted to and having several of
our improvements applied thereto. Figure 4 is a section through the
slide valve chest B, and improved cam action for actuating the valve B',
and cut off expansion slides B³, B", behind it; and Figure 5 is a half
elevation of the face B³ of the ports on which the valve works, Figure 6
being a partial inside elevation of one part G of the cam for working the
slide valve B¹; and Figure 7 is a corresponding inside face view of the
part G" of the cam for working the expansion link motion C, which

page_text: latter is shown in detached plan in Figure 8; and Figures 9 and 10 are
respectively a side and a transverse section of an antifriction rolling
pulley a, for working on the crank or disc pin A of this engine, within
its transverse slide or guide frame A³ actuated by two piston rods D',
passing out through stuffing boxes in the cover of the cylinder D close
to the parallel guide rods D², on which this slide frame A, A³, works
through blocks D" secured between the guides Aª, with nuts above and
below the top of the piston rods D, and which guides D2 and steadied
and secured at top by the open iron plate E and nuts to the top of the
columns and pillow block standard E secured at one side to cylinder
bottom or sole plate E², to which the cylinder D is secured. The inner
end of the disc or crank shaft F is carried in the pillow block F¹ on the
cross rail E' between them, having the new or improved cam formed in
three parts G, G³, G², and secured together by three bolts near the eye
and keyed on the shaft F close up to the said column frame E¹, E³, so
as to work the upper ends of the rod of the slide valve B¹ and the link C
by a central arm direct through or by rollers 9, g³, on each side of them,
working into the adjacent grooves formed in the inner surfaces of these
cams G, G¹, and G³, G", respectively, and substantially as described in
reference to Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1. The link being carried at one
end by a rocking rod C¹, and having the bush e of the link C attached
by a pin through the upper open end of the rocking link C, which
actuates the rod of the cut-off valve, all so that its motion can be
regulated to give a greater or less cut off and expansion by the separating
or drawing of the tops c¹, c", of the links C, C³, from or to each other
through the rods C³, Cu, respectively connected to any duplex two-
armed lever, which would push and pull them in reverse directions by a
hand lever. The improved crank pin pulley a, shown in detailed views,
Figures 9 and 10, is lubricated by one or more holes, or an oil cup on
the top rail of the guide of the parallel slides A, A', within which the
roller works, rolling on the upper guide 1 in the descending action of
the pistons, and on the under side A' in the ascending action, so as to
cause very little friction, and send the oil down through the holes a¹,
bored in different planes through the body of the bush, so as to lubricate
the crank thoroughly, although running at the highest speed without
stopping the engine. The steam is admitted to the casing B on the one
side, and exhausted through the exhaust port and duct D, D¹, on the
other, the latter only of which can be seen in the Drawings. The
advantages in this reciprocating engine and the application of such

page_text: velocity than heretofore.
Figures 11 and 12 are, respectively, an elevation and a plan of a
direct-acting reciprocating steam engine and pump combined, con-
structed in accordance with and embodying or having several of our
improvements in the construction and arrangement of reversible four-
way cocks, and their mode of actuating the same simultaneously by the
pistons themselves for the admission and exhaustion of the steam to
rotatory engines, and to our improved condensing air pumps, to be
herein-after described, as applied to these or such reciprocating engines,
while Figures 13 and 13 A are transverse and horizontal sections taken
through one of the valve chests of the pump, and Figures 14 and 15 are
horizontal and vertical sections respectively to an enlarged scale, the
latter taken on the irregular line 1 -1, in the former, both of the
improved reversing steam cocks I, I', to show their improved con-
struction and action, more clearly than shown in the complete views
Figures 11 and 12, for showing the general arrangement. A is the
steam cylinder, the piston rod of which is directly connected to the
piston rod and double-acting piston B³ of the pump barrel B, fitted with
its inlet and discharge water valve chest and india-rubber disc valves
Figures 13 and 13 A, on front side leading to common inlet and
discharge ducts and outer branches 6 and in the centre, respectively
bolted to one horizontal sole plate C, and all, as so far described, much
of a usual construction. I, I', are the two new or improved hollow
four-way reversing steam and exhaust cocks, placed so as to work
transversely and horizontally in their properly bored and ground
chambers ff, on each side of the centrally disposed inlet and discharge
steam branches, and their chests D and D', separated by the division d,
and having each a single steam and exhaust port and duct a and a',
leading from their respective ends A, A', of the cylinder A, the inlet
steam branch D being fitted as usual with a stop or regulating valve,
though not shown on the Drawings. Each hollow cock I having a
division i in it, dividing it into an inner and outer chamber i¹, ¹, the
former opening by two ports on the opposite sides from the steam

page_text: .
chamber D into the duct a¹ leading to its respective end of the cylinder,
and the other opening by similarly disposed ports at right angles to the
other from the same duct A into the exhaust chamber D', as indicated
by the red and blue arrows on opposite sides in Figure 14, so that the
keys of these cocks I can be connected by two spanners I", I", and a
duplex jointed connecting rod I¹, so as to be reciprocated and oscillated
by the outer lever I³ of a short wiper shaft J, carried in a bearing
bracket bolted to the sole plate C, and worked by a stud or bush in
a slotted lever in the inner end I³, with screw and hand wheel for regu-
lating the length of traverse and action of the shaft and the cocks I by
the said screw and hand wheel I", the pin or bush traversing in an
open arm attached by screws on each side to a tappet spindle j¹ work-
ing through stuffing boxes in the covers of the cylinder and pump
barrel A, B; all so that the steam piston A² or the water plunger or
piston B as they reach the near ends A' and B' of their stroke re-
spectively strike the inner ends of the tappet j¹ so as to reverse the
cocks I, I', and the acting steam and exhaust at the opposite ends and
at the proper times necessary to give a constant reciprocating action to
the piston A³ or engine and pump, all as indicated by the red and blue
arrows in these Figures 14 and 15, and the direction in which the
piston A is moving to suit the position of the valves as shown by
the black arrow in Figure 15, and this improved design of engine
and valve, though shown as a pump, is also applicable for blowing

page_text: engine admitted to the back of the piston at the same time as the
vacuum was acting on the other would be taken advantage of and
assist in pushing the piston of the pump. The entrance of the exhaust
or spent steam (to each end of the pump) is controlled by a valve or
cock, so as to follow or drive the piston from the entering end until it
reaches the other end, when the valve and inlet of the steam are
reversed to shut the steam in the filled space of the barrel, and a jet
of cold water is let in by the action of the same valve, or by another
valve or cock (connected with the injection water inlet and port)
worked simultaneously or sequentially with the shutting-off of the exhaust
steam valve on each side alternately and respectively as the plunger
of the pump reaches each end of its stroke, which produces a vacuum
on the side of the cylinder to which the plunger has to move, while the
steam admitted at the end from which the plunger is moving will draw
and push the plunger and force out the water through a discharge valve
as it reaches each end, thus making the spent steam from the engine to
work its own air and condensing pump, and even assist as a motive power
to turn its crank shaft after the engine and it are once fairly started.
When these pumps are made to oscillate on hollow trunnions or centres
(as oscillating engines are), they may be made to open and shut off the
steam and injection and discharge water, by having the ports formed in
the oscillating fluid tight surface so as to dispense with other valves or
cocks, either by having conducting ports on the outside of the working
barrel, or in the plunger itself when made to oscillate near the centre;
and these pumps may be made to lift and force water also and have air
vessels fitted on the discharge valves, all otherwise as ordinary pumps
are to suit the various purposes to which they are to be applied, as for
fire-engines, all in addition to using and condensing the spent and
exhaust steam of the engine to which they are affixed.
And referring particularly to these Figures 16 to 22, on Sheet 4,
Figures 16 and 17 are respectively a longitudinal vertical section and
an end elevation of one modification or construction and arrangement
of the parts of the new or improved condensing pump, constructed in
accordance with our said Invention and for the said purposes; and
Figures 18 and 19 are vertical and horizontal sections taken on the
line 1. 1, through the water and air discharge ducts and valves and
on the line 2-2, through the steam inlet duct and valve at the upper
1 of the said
numn
all actively
де
in Figure 16 and 90

page_text: cations of this new or improved condensing pump from that shown
in Figures 16 to 19, and Figure 22 is a side elevation partly in section
of a modification of our new or improved condensing pump adapted to
an oscillating barrel or cylinder.
Referring to Figures 16 to 19 this modification of our said new or
improved condensing steam or steam and air pump consists all as
follows-Of a double-acting pump 1 with solid piston or plunger 2
reciprocated as other acting pumps are worked from the engine or other
shaft of the rotatory or other engine, to which it is to be attached as A³,
Figure 16, as by a crank or disc A" with eccentric pin A keyed on the
said shaft A2, having our improved antifriction pulley a on it working
in a parallel motion guide frame A¹, reciprocating on vertical slide
guides D by antifriction pulleys a² at the ends of the frame A¹, which
as well as the pulley a might be of the improved construction shown in
Figures 9 and 10, very much in the manner shown in the reciprocating
engine Figures 1 to 3 of this Sheet 3. The pump plunger rod 3 is in
this case directly attached to the reciprocating frame A', so that its
plunger is actuated as a double-acting pump within the close-ended
pump barrel 1, so far much in the usual manner of other pumps. But
instead of actuating the plunger and pump rod 2, 3, as described, it
will be evident that they might be reciprocated by a crank disc pin or
eccentric and rod as other double-acting pumps are, either on the crank
shaft or other shaft, or directly connected to the piston rod of the engine
to which the pump is to be attached, much as described in reference
to the arrangement of direct-acting engine and pump described in
reference to Figures 11 to 15 of this Sheet 3, so as to reciprocate by
preference simultaneously with or in the same times, stroke for stroke,
with the action and exhaust of the steam from the engine to which the
pump is to be fitted when applied to reciprocating or oscillating engines.
The exhaust or spent steam after having done its work in the rotatory
engine or cylinder or cylinders of the reciprocating engine to which it
is to be attached, and from the exhaust pipes thereof, is led into the
pump by the branch and pipe D¹ leading to the two controlling cocks
I, I', in their chests f, f¹, connected by their levers or spanners I", I¹¹,
and duplex rods I, I, the latter sliding in a guide, and having the
tappets I¹¹¹, I¹¹¹, so as to be actuated by the cross-head guide A¹, or other
equivalent moving part of the engine or pump to suit the action of the

page_text: pump and the ingress thereto of the exhaust steam, and the upper and
lower ends of the exhaust pipe D, D', lead through the cocks I, I', into
the inlet and outlet ducts and pockets Du, D³, D", entering the barrel by
the ports 4 and 4' respectively at the bottom and top, and the condensed
steam and water products within the barrel pass out through the said
ports 4, 4, and pockets D", D2, through discharge valves E, E', respec-
tively into the final discharge pipe and duct F, F', all as indicated by
the black arrows in Figure 18. The injection water is supplied at the
branch a at the lower part of the air vessel a by the force of any
modification of our improved water forcing magazine, or it may be other
force pump or water injector, from which it flows by the branch a" in
through the hollow cock i to the pipe d', directly connected to an upper
two-way cock i¹, leading by branches d", d², at the outer ends of these
cocks,, respectively to the lower and upper ends A, A', of the
pump barrel through a perforated rose or diaphragm d", d. The two
cocks being coupled and connected by parallel acting spanners i", and
rods and links ², ³, ³, directly connected by the long free ends of small
beams or duplex levers j oscillating on brackets attached to the pump,
and coupled to and working at the other end small spindles ³, j¹¹,
through stuffing boxes 7, the bottom and cover of the barrel 1 with
spiral springs interposed between the glands and head of these rods
so as to maintain the cocks i and shut, and their connecting rods and
levers in the position shown in Figure 16, all so that as the piston 2.
descends as indicated by the black arrows in the barrel it will strike the
inner end of the spindle j', which will open the lower cocks i, i¹, (against
the power of the spring ) to the pipes d¹, d", so that the water flows.
through them, and the grating or rose du into the upper end of the
barrel 1 above the piston 2, and thus condense the exhaust steam which
had been let into the same end A' of the barrel from the pipes D', D",
during its downward stroke through the cock I', opened at the proper
time just before the piston reaches the water-cock tappet as will be
presently described. The cocks I, I', are constructed and set or fixed
by their spanners and rods and tappets I", I", so that as the pump
piston nears the end A of the barrel 1 on its down stroke indicated by
the black arrow, the tappet I" is moved downwards so as to shut the
upper valve I', and open the lower valve I, which in the position shown
in Figure 16 is just about to take place, so that the exhaust steam will
pass through the cock I, duct D², and port 4, into and fill the barrel
below the piston 2, which will then strike the end of the spindle j pro-

page_text: jecting in through the bottom of the barrel, and cause the jet of water
to enter through the rose d¹¹, and condense the steam (all as herein-
before described by the action of the injection valves and gearing) just
as the piston 2 and crank A" reach the lowest point of their stroke, and
as soon as the latter turns the lower dead centre a little, the piston will
relieve the spindle j' so that the springs j³ will shut off the water, and
the vacuum will be instantaneously formed and act on the upper side of
the pump piston 2, pulling it towards the top, when the water will flow
over the top of the port 4' into the pocket D, and at the end of the
stroke be forced out through the discharge valve E' and ducts F, F¹, as
indicated by the arrows in Figure 18, when the converse or correspond-
ing action will take place at the top of the barrel 1 by the action of the
cross head A¹ on the tappet I", opening the upper valve I', and closing
the lower one I, when the tappet j" will be struck by the piston at the
end of the upper part of the stroke, and admit the injection water
through the lower cock i and duct d², through the rose d³ into the lower
end A of the barrel 1, and thus produce the vacuum below the piston 2,
so as to act on or draw the piston 2 down, all as indicated in reference
to the up stroke, and shown in this position of the parts in Figure 16,
with the valve I open to the cylinder and pump pistons. But when
double cylinder engines are coupled to such pumps the exhaust steam
from the one cylinder could be let in through a branch at D³, as indicated
in dotted lines, through the pipe D' into the opposite side of the barrel 1
to that on which the vacuum was acting, so as to assist its downward
traverse with whatever energy was in the exhaust steam, so that valves
were put on the inlet branches of the other cylinder, and the discharge
valves E, E¹, to prevent the steam when at its strongest from putting a
back pressure on the low-pressed cylinder, or, escaping at these valves
before being condensed to act according as the piston was traversing
from the end A or A respectively and alternately.
Referring to the modifications of our said improved combined con-
denser and pump, or steam and air pump for steam engines, shown in
Figures 20 and 21, on Sheet 4, the exhaust steam may be entered by the
branch and pipe D', D', D¹, Figure 21, to the duplicate arrangement of
inlet valves I, I', as shown and described in reference to Figure 16, or
simply into one or two chambers f, f, to the entrance ports 4¹, 4,
controlled by two slide valve plates f¹, worked by one rod I, I³, and
tappet I³, I, as herein-before described, or other equivalent, such as

page_text: reference to Figures 16 to 19 of Sheet 3, while the second duct F
conducts the discharge water and air from the upper and lower discharge
valves E, E; out through at port F" in the trunnion B', through the
final discharge pipe F; the fluid-tight joint between these inlet and
discharge water ducts d', F, and their branches a", F¹, at the working
joint of the trunnion B', is effected by these being formed on a hollow
chamber formed in two halves, with flanges y¹ so as to be bolted quite
over and fit a boss on the end of the trunnion B¹, both being bored and
turned to fit each other accurately, all as shown in sectioned part of the
barrel 1, Figure 22, and the transverse section of this chest g², shown
detached at Figure 22 A. A few applications of these condensing pumps
to marine and other engines are also shown in Figures 10 A and 10 to 15,
on Sheet 6, which will be herein-after described.
-
Referring to another and further improvement of our said Invention,
which consists of a new construction and arrangement of the parts of a
close vessel or magazine, for producing and supplying a constant and
regular pressure current of either air or water therefrom, for acuating
our said new rotatory or other motive power engines, or for forcing or
raising water, as for a fire engine, or for the forcing of air as a blowing
engine, or for other fluids and purposes where a steady powerful action
of these fluids is required, several modifications and adaptations of which
are shown in Figures 1 to 13, on Sheet 5 of the accompanying Drawings;
and referring generally and particularly to these Figures, the nature and
mode of carrying out this part of our said Invention consists all as fol-
lows Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section of one modification of
our said new or improved water and air pressure fluid producing apparatus
for stationary purposes, with two of these large strong producing and
containing magazines A, A³, erected or set vertically side by side on any
suitable foundation not shown; each worked or pressed up alternately
and respectively, while the other is giving off its pressure fluid of water
or air from the bottom, as 1 or top 2, which indicates the extreme
working levels of water within the magazines as shown in the one A¹ in
section; and when working more particularly for producing air pressure
fluids (for motive power or other purposes), these magazines A and A¹
would require to be long to give a greater range of working level 1—2, or
(as preferred and shown in this modification) one large separate air
pressure reservoir A" (much similar in construction to the former A, A'),
may be used for receiving the compressed air from both of the pressure

page_text: producing and giving off magazines A, A', by pipes a from top through
the connecting pipes a, a³, a", and three-way cock and check valve a³, a³,
to prevent the air getting back into either vessel, within which air
reservoir A" an air pump B" may be placed analogous to the con-
struction of double-acting air forcing pump B, shown in section in
Figure 2, which is a plan partly in section of the two magazines A, A¹,
in Figure 1, for forcing the air into these through the branch B' and three-
way cock b, and pipes &¹ or ", with back pressure check valves &¹¹¹ on each.
The water is forced into the pressure fluid generators or magazines
A, A', by the steam injector c, shown as of the "Giffard" construction,
although this might be of any of the other equivalent injectors or steam
jet water forcing apparatus in use, through the pipes c¹, c", or c¹, c³,
controlled by the four-way cock C and stop-cock C³, so as to inject the
water into either magazine A or A', after the air has been admitted or
forced into it by the pump B, or while the air is being forced into it
or the latter magazine when two are used, and as shown in this position of
the cocks b, C, and indicated by the arrows in Figure 2, the air there being
forced into the magazine A, and the water into the magazine A', while
the water can be drawn off by the cock and discharge pipe C, C¹, or at
the supply hose pipe and cock D, D¹, for use; and a similar coupling
branch and cock D, D', is fitted to each magazine A, A', A", for the
attachment of hose or other conducting pipes 16 or 16¹. For the raising
and forcing of water or other liquid the magazine A, or magazines A, A',
simply require to be filled with air and the water forced in by the
injector c, to and from which the water or other liquid to be forced is
supplied through the pipe d, and the steam by the pipe e, while d' is the
overflow, and when the water is thus forced through the pipe c¹ into the
vessel A, so as to compress the air above it to the pressure desired, as
to the high-water level indicated at 1, then the water may be drawn
off or forced through the branches E or D, and cock E' or D', through or
up the pipe E" (fitted with a foot or check valve and chest E²) for the
purposes desired, as for fire engines or the raising of water or other
liquids to a great height in a constant stream. But for this purpose
the magazine does not require to be so large, and may be made portable
or located at the part where the water requires to be raised from, as at
the bottom of a mine. A simple form of this construction is shown in
sectional elevation at Figure 8, (Sheet 5), where the magazine A is small,
surrounding the lower end of the pipe E through which the water has to
be forced and raised, by preference with a foot valve of the india-rubber

page_text: disc class, as shown in the chamber at E'; the injector or water lifter e
being secured horizontally to a sole plate with inlet water pipe d in the
axial line of the jet barrel c, curving up by the bent pipe c into the
bottom of the air vessel A, the steam being conducted by covered pipes e
to the inlet cock or valve e¹, controlled by a long spindle and screw
wheel eat top, and for the letting off of condensed water from the
bottom of the steam pipe e a small tap and weighted lever e³ is provided,
worked by a wire or cord e³ from the top.
Referring again to Figures 1 and 2, when the magazine A is to be
used for producing compressed air for motive power or other purposes, it
is preferred first to force the air in to a considerable pressure before
setting on the injector c, by or through an air pump of the improved
construction shown at B, Figure 2, but it is to be understood that other
ordinary constructions of air pumps may be used.
This pump B
consists of an inner working barrel 5 open and bored from end to end,
inserted and secured by flanges at the open ends within the outer large
barrel B, leaving a close discharge casing 6 all round closed in by an
end stuffing-box cover 7, 8, through which the reciprocating rod 9 of the
piston or plunger 9¹ works, and which forms the inlet valve chest 8
between ports formed in it and a face plate at the end of the working
barrel with valve 8¹ of a disc form sliding on the piston rod 9, while in
the solid or other end B³ of the casing B, 6, formed as a perforated seat,
another disc valve 8" works within the working barrel 5 on a short
spring spindle 10, the discharge taking place through four sets 11 of
small round holes circumferentially bored through the working barrel 5,
covered by two short lengths of vulcanized india-rubber piping 12, each
sprung over and secured by a band or wire cord 13 in the centre
between the two sets of holes outside the working barrel and inside the
discharge chamber 6, leading to the discharge branch B' in the centre,
all as indicated by the arrows in the section B at Figure 2. The
cock C³ in the discharge pipe being shut, the pump B is worked by its
rod 9 from any direct-acting engine or crank motion as usual, so as to
force the air as described through the pipe 6' leading up to near the top
of the magazine, until the pressure within the magazine has reach the
maximum pressure desired, as say from sixty to one hundred pounds to
the square inch; when the cocks b and c are reversed to about the angle
of forty-five degrees (45°) to set on the injector c, so as to similarly
force the air into the second magazine 4 and the water into the

page_text: magazine A by the injector c as before described; which being worked
by very high-pressure steam (or it might be air, or steam and air,)
would be more powerful than the large air pump B, and thus compress
the air within the magazine to a much higher pressure than previously
done by the air pump up into the upper end or dome part, as indicated
say by the dotted line 1 or 3, according to the pressure of the steam
used; when it may then be drawn off by the pipe a, a, as before
described, into the receiving vessel A", which could previously have
been filled to a considerable pressure by the pump B" of the con-
struction described, with reference to Figure 2, except that the inlet and
discharge valves 81, 81, may be of the flap or disc india-rubber class
shown at 14 and 15, from which receiver A" the air may be drawn off
from the branch D, D¹, by hose or other pipes 16, 16', into portable
vessels as A secured on tramway or railway carriages, as indicated at
Figure 3, or magazines in ferry boats, or through public works, into the
supporting columns 17 of the buildings, as receivers or reservoirs A³ of
air pressure fluid for the working of small motors at different parts of
the work, as indicated at Figure 10, the pipes 16¹ leading into the
hollow column A³ at 17. When these magazines are used as air
pressure generators for any of the useful purposes herein-before stated,
or to which they may be applied where water is plentiful as for blowing
purposes, such as the ventilation of mines and buildings, the blowing of
furnaces and smiths' fires, the promotion of draught in steam boiler
fires, especially in ships where they would serve the double purpose of
ventilating the ship and acting as ship pumps to draw off the water from
the "main" and "bilge," and as a fire engine to extinguish fires when
that was desired. In many such circumstances the simple form of
apparatus (as A) without an air pump might be used, placed high
enough for the water to run off (as to the sea on board ships) by the
discharge cock C" or D¹ to its lowest water level 2---2; that is, after the
air had been drawn off and used down to its minimum useful pressure,
when the four-way cock C would be reversed and the injector set on to
force in the water again from the "main," the "bilge," or the sea as
desired) to produce the high pressed air, as described, to be used when
that produced in the other was exhausted; and for the purpose of
knowing the pressure and level of water within the magazine A, A¹,
or A", while at work, they would be fitted with proper pressure and
water guages f,f¹; and for the purposes of repairing and cleaning a
man-hole door fi would be formed at the bottom or other convenient
E 2

page_text: place; and for very high pressures the whole would be made of best
malleable iron plates with domed ends double riveted at the joints, and
of such a diameter and thickness as to stand much more than the
maximum working pressure it was designed for.
When used as a fire engine the hose or other conducting pipes would
be attached to the coupling branch D, and have their usual direction
water jet nozzles or nozzles coupled there to the end or other points
desired along the conducting pipe; and the reversing of the cocks C
and 6 might be made automatically by a float or a piston and cylinder
for the purpose, with a regulating pressure valve which would let on the
pressure fluid within the magazine to the piston at the desired pressure
and reverse the cocks.
When only one vessel A is desired to be used, and for small magazines,
to keep up the working pressure while running off the water and getting
up the pressure again above it, a locking piston could be used on top
surface of the water, thus retaining the pressure of the air in the upper
space of the magazine; or otherwise the air could be forced in with the
steam above the surface of the water or piston in the magazine, in which
case the water below might have a pressure column vessel connected at
the bottom of the magazine, so as to rise in it or the column vessel as the
quantity of air in the magazine decreased or increased, yet still maintain
the regular pressure although the fluid was not always injected into the
magazine at the rate required or withdrawn therefrom, all without
requiring to stop to let off the water or fill the vessel with air; or other-
wise this magazine may be used as a store of pressure fluid for air or
other elastic fluid or gas, forced into it by stationary engines and air
pumps or other forcing apparatus at certain stations for the filling and
charging of close pressure receivers as A*, Figure 3, carried in convenient
and suitable parts of tramway and common road traction carriages for
acting as a pressure forcing fluid for driving the motive engines from
station to station until recharged there from such store magazines of
pressure fluid, either with or without the assistance of steam from a
boiler or generator, also carried on the carriage when used, substantially
as shown in one modification and adaptation in the side elevation of a
small four-wheeled tank locomotive suitable for railway and tramway
traction purposes in Figure 3 of this Sheet 5. The general construction
and arrangement of this locomotive engine (Figure 3) and its boiler 20
carried on the framing 21 by springs over the two axle boxes, but with
four wheels G of our improved construction (Figures 14 to 18 on

page_text: Sheet 3), with the hot water feed tank 22 between them below the
boiler 20, which is fed by the "Giffard" injector c, e, e¹, drawing its
water from the tank 22 by the pipe d, and forcing it into the boiler by
the pipe c¹, cx, and by the three-way cock C, so constructed that it can
either be turned to inject the water into either of the two portable high-
pressure receivers A² by the pipes c" or c², and thus compress the air
previously filled into them, so as to assist in keeping up the pressure in
these reservoirs to be fed into the steam boiler as desired by the pipes
and cocks a and a¹ respectively, as explained in reference to the
magazines (A, A¹, Figures 1 and 2) as the pressure falls in the boiler by
use; the injector being especially made to thus inject the water into the
reservoirs while the engine is standing, and when the steam might other-
wise blow off to waste; the water thus forced into the reservoirs can be
let into the boiler back through the pipes c" or c² and c*, or by special;
pipes for the purpose when desired.
Figure 4 shows a plan of another arrangement of magazine A suitable
for stationary purposes, instead of the large domed ones shown in
Figures 1 and 2. The construction of this form of the magazine A
consists of two rows of cast or malleable iron pipes 1 arranged horizontally
in a vertical stack of three or so in each vertical row, with a longitudinal
stay 2 in the centre of or between every three pipes or so in each of the
two, or it may be more vertical rows of pipes 1 and stays 2, as indicated
in the sectional end Diagram at Figure 4 A. The ends of the tubes 1 are
turned conically all to one length and inserted and secured in similarly
bored bevel or conical holes in their end plates 4 and 5 by the long
stays 2, which have large collars at the ends 3 of the tubes 1, which open
into the vertical D-shaped casing or channel 6, bolted by angle iron
flanges to the vertical edges of the iron tube plate 4, further stayed by
the short screw stems 2' at the head of the inner stays 2, with nuts
outside the screws at the other end of the long stays passing through the
tube plate 5 against the outer plate 7, securing and closing up all the
outer ends of the tubes 1 except to the chamber 6, so that this and the
tubes 1 form a very strong construction of magazine A for our improved
air and water pressure fluid generator or magazine, of which c¹ is the
inlet forcing pipe at bottom, and a¹ the drawing-off and forcing air
pipe leading up to near the top, and D, D¹, are the coupling branch and
cock for attaching the discharge hose or pipes 16 or 16' to.
་་
lon and
on
elaxation respectively of another

page_text: construction and arrangement of the shell of our improved magazine A,
consisting of a stack of four vertical and horizontal rows of duplex
bodied pipes 1, laid longitudinally or horizontally over each other with
single branches and flanges 1' at their ends of equal length, so that the
two middle vertical rows bolted to four corresponding branches in the
one side of four large vertical main pipes 2, 2, 2, 2¹, at the ends, joining|
the whole by four knee branches 3 at each corner to corresponding
transverse branches 4 on the former vertical pipes 2, 2¹, all of which
are close at the ends except the latter 2, which has the inlet water
branch c¹ and outlet air branch a¹ formed at bottom and top respectively,
all formed suitable for being made of cast-iron pipes with faced flanges
to be secured strongly by screw bolts at the flanges metal to metal, or
with rings of thin soft metal or wire between them, so as to make a
strong high-pressure fluid-tight vessel suitable for our new magazine A,
as described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 5, being described;
and Figure 7 is an end elevation of magazine, substantially the same or
nearly so as that described in reference to Figures 5 and 6, showing the
flanges 5 at bottom of the four main connecting pipes 2, 2¹, making it
one vessel, which is shown fitted at D with discharge water branch, and
at with pressure guage; and it is to be understood that these, or the
parts of the magazine where high expansion and refrigeration would
take place, may be heated by close chambers (to keep the moisture.
in the air or gases used from freezing) and ducts or pipes from the
furnace or other equivalent means.
Figure 9 is a side elevation of a fan B, of substantially the same new
or improved construction as that described, for forcing the air in our
new or improved arrangement of fluid pressure producing magazines,
shown at B, in Figure 2, except that the two inlet valves 8¹ and 8" work
within close liquid chests with inlet branches and pipe, shown as attached
at 8 and 10 respectively.
Figure 10 is a sectional elevation of part of two floors 4, 4', of a
building, with three hollow cast-iron columns A³ supporting the beam of
the upper one 4¹, all showing convenient forms of making them hollow,
the first to the left hand by bored and turned ends and covers jointed
and bolted, the other two with domed or square solid ends, having
screw coupling pipes at 17, connecting them to the conducting air
pressure supply tube 16', which have screw branch couplings at 171
where required for connecting conducting pipes, all as a simple example

page_text: 66
and means of conducting, storing, and using the air pressure fluids so
produced through factories and manufacturing works, as for driving
the small cylinders or engines 24, (seen in elevational Diagram, Figures
16 to 19) of simple forms of improved reciprocating machines respec-
tively, all as in Figure 16, for riveting iron plates 25; Figure 17, for
working a pump 26; Figure 18, for working general smithy hammers
27, for swageing, punching, shearing, shaping, and forging machines for
boiler makers', ship builders', and iron and copper smiths' work; 28 shows
the shearing tools, 29 the swages, and 30 the punches; Figure 19, for
making rivets, spikes, and bolts; all to be actuated by the said air from
the local columns or other reservoirs or magazines A³ (A, or A¹, A²,
Figures 1 to 7,) and by a simple arrangement and application of the
togle" joint lever to these machines and purposes, for giving a
powerful double stroke or reciprocating action for every single stroke of
the engine or its piston rod a, attached to the centre joining of the two
links b, b¹, of the togle joint, the free end of the first 6 being attached to
a fixed centre c in the true axial line to the cylinder, and the free end of
the other 6¹ is attached direct to the end of the main reciprocated rod d
of the actual tool, all in accordance with another part or improvement of
our said Invention, which will be herein-after described in reference to
the more complete application or example, Figures 14, 15, of the
Sheet 6, for giving two strokes of the tool for one of the engine. And
referring to this class of smithy tools, Figures 16, 18, and 19, it is some-
times advisable to interpose a strong spring, either below the fixed
centre block c, of the spiral, conoidal, or blade coach spring class, as
indicated at e, e¹, e², Figure 18A, respectively, or these springs might be
interposed below the eye or cross head of the reciprocating rod d and its
framing above the long guide d' of the rod d, and get back a part of the
power exerted as a recoil to assist in raising the weight of the tools.
quickly off the work and give an elastic blow, preferable for many light
tools and work, or this might be effected by making the valves of the.
engine to cushion a certain amount of air at the ends of the stroke in
both directions, to do instead of having a crank shaft or fly wheel on.
these simple engines and tools.
Figures 11 and 12 (Sheet 5) are a side elevation partly in section and
a plan respectively of a screw gun boat, capable of and arranged also
fan driving itcalf no a
Quin
on treation
on
comman
Bonds Can it

page_text: illustrative of one application and mode of carrying out many of our
said improvements. In this arrangement or application 1 is the hull or
shell and framing of the combined gun boat and carriage with rudder
and screw, 2, 3, for propulsion in water. G, g, are steering wheels,
the former being of the improved construction shown at Figures 14 to
18 on Sheet 3, cottered to the crank or traction shaft 11 on outside for
ease of removal and shipment when launched and landed; the latter g
is mounted on a bow frame and spindle 4, 5, working up through a
strong domed metal case 6 and hollow or tubular pipe, with bush or
stuffing box bearing and a pressure piston 7 to receive the strain of the
wheels g above, so as to be capable of lowering down to steer the vessel
as a carriage on land by the long vertical spindle 5 and hand steering
wheel 8. The screw shaft 3 is actuated by one of our improved rotatory
engines a, substantially constructed as described in reference to Figures
11 to 13 on Sheet 1, and placed directly over it, so as to do so by a pair
of spur wheels q, q', the former q being cast or secured in one with the
bevel wheel 10, shown in gear with the bevel wheel 10' on the crank
shaft 11 of the traction wheels G, which by the two cranks actuates the
water and air pumps 12 and 12¹ (shown of the ordinary trunk class, but
they might be of the improved construction shown at B in Figures 2
and 9, Sheet 5,) for working our new or improved magazine A, A',
placed close to the steam boiler or generator b, both respectively of our
new or improved construction shown and described in reference to
Figures 1, 2, on Sheet 5, and Figures 1 to 13 on Sheet 3, all so as to
actuate the rotatory engine a by the combined pressure fluid of steam
and air from our said steam boiler b and generating air pressure
magazine A, A', combined in the improved manner described in refer-
ence to these special improvements of our said Invention, by allowing
a portion of the air from the magazine to enter the boiler and be used
with the steam, the water pump 12 acting as a ship pump and a portion
of the air when desired acting to ventilate the vessel or blow the fire of
the boiler, a suitable clutch and lever arrangement being employed to
shift the two wheels 9 and 10 into gear with the screw shaft 3 or traction
wheel shaft 11, as required for propulsion on water or land.
Another improvement of this arrangement or application of our said
magazine A, A', consists in connecting water pipes to each led into
main pipes h¹ by controlling three-way cocks h₁ along each side of the
boat to nozzles i at the port and starboard bow and quarter below the

page_text: cylinder B" is shown working out through a stuffing box at the top
with a strong cross head & with eyes at or over the sides of the ship to
hook or attach the ends of the chains m to, the driver x being shown on
the deck of wrecked ship as in the act of passing up the last end of the
stern chain m¹¹ or sling for this purpose, which when done would be ready
for raising the vessel z and rods quite up to the keel 1' of the salvage
ship 1 by their rams B, B¹, B", by turning on the cocks D¹ and high
pressed water from the high pressed magazines within the mast A, A¹,
and when thus raised the salvage ship 1 would steam away by its pro-
pelling boiler, engine, and screw 6*, a, 3, and land the wreck on safe
ground or a proper harbour or dock.
Referring generally and particularly to Figures 14 to 21 on Sheet 5,
and Figure 18 on Sheet 6, so far described in reference to Figures
16 to 19, Sheet 5, another of our improvements consists in a new or
improved use of the well-known "togle" joint for making our said
improved rotatory engines or other motive engines drive their secondary
or transmitting shafts (as Z), or the reciprocating connecting rods.
(as b, d,) attached to crank pins 2, 2¹, on the revolving cranks, discs, or
wheels of these (as Z', Z",) or direct to the rod or the bar to be recipro-
cated (as d, Figures 16 to 19) at double the speed at which the engines
themselves revolve, and as shown in the Diagram elevation 14 A, and
for reciprocating engines or cylinders as 24, Figures 16 to 19, as so far
described, such as for the useful purposes of driving the shafts Z or
plungers (26, Figure 17,) of quick-going water or air forcing pumps B,
and 26, Figures 1, 2, and 17, Sheet 5, for filling our improved maga-
zine A, A¹, A", of power for engines; or for driving the screw propeller
shaft on board of ships, or other motive machinery, as the revolving
shafts, or reciprocating forcers or blocks (as d, Figures 16 to 19, Sheet 5,)
of rivet and bolt making machines, brick and tile pressing machines,
printing and embossing and coining pressing machines, and other presses
where both quick speed and great power are required; all effectually
by this improvement of our said Invention, which gives two complete
revolutions of the shafts Z when these are used, or double strokes to the
reciprocating rod or presser d of these machines for one of the motive
engines, whether rotatory or reciprocatory, without the use of ordinary
connecting and transmitting toothed or friction wheels, or chains or belts
and their pulleys, and which consists of a simple arrangement and
adaptation to these machines and purposes of the double lever, elbow,

page_text: ---
or "togle" joint b, b, made to work backwards and forwards on each
side 1, 1, of the straight line of action or work 2, 2; and referring to
Figures 14 and 15, the dotted line 1 1 represents the line of motion
given by the rod a of the motive cylinder 1 (or 24, Figures 16 to 19),
and 2- 2 the line of motion given to the crank pin z of the second
motion shaft or the rod d to be actuated or reciprocated at double speed.
The free end of one arm 6 (of the togle levers b, b¹,) is attached to a
strong fixed stationary fulcrum or pillow block c, and the opposite free
end of the other lever b¹ is jointed to the crank pin z¹ of the shaft Z to
be driven, or to the forcing reciprocating rods or forcer d to be actuated,
all in a true straight line in their normal position or line of force 2 - - - 2,
while the free end of the connecting rod or rods a from the crank pin A
of the rotatory or other engine (as 24, Figures 16 to 19, or cylinders 1, 2,
Figures 14 and 15) are connected or jointed to the middle joint a¹, or a
joint near it a", of the two levers b, b', all so that the rod a in its one
stroke up or down reciprocates the joint a¹ and links b, b¹, through one
half of their stroke on the upper and lower sides of the said straight line
of force 2 2 between the fulcrum c and centre of the driven shaft or
point of the plunger or forcer d to be so driven. This it will be seen
gives a double stroke or revolving of the free end 2¹ of the "togle" joint
for every
half turn or single stroke of the engine, or as stated two revolu-
tions or double strokes of the former for one of the latter. When it is a
secondary shaft (as Z) that is to be so driven it would require or be the
better of a fly wheel, or the crank discs Z', Z, may be made to act as
such to assist in equalizing the motion and carrying crank pin
over the two dead points or centres of each revolution; or for two engines
the cylinders may be coupled to crank pins z, z, Figures 14 and 15, at
different angles or points of force; and it will be evident that this con-
struction and arrangement of increasing speed and power transmitting
mechanism is also equally applicable to all other classes of rotatory and
reciprocatory motive power engines in use by coupling their usual or
other connecting rods a to the centre joints a', a", of the said arrange-
ment of "togle" or double joints or levers b, b', for the said purposes
of transmitting increased speed and power to the said shafts and recipro-
---
cating plungers or "forcers
"

page_text: Sheet 4, and lettered accordingly,) combined to a modification of our
improved condensing pump, as a low-pressure cylinder 2, substantially
as described in reference to Figures 16 to 19 of the same Sheet 4, except
that slide valve B¹ of the engine has two exhaust ports and ducts D¹, D",
leading into the upper and lower ends D³, D³, of a casing, with two
slides and ports I, I', admitting the steam from the top and bottom of
the high-pressure cylinder 1 into that of the low-pressure condenser or
condensing pump 2 respectively, both valve chests being formed in the
space between the cylinder 1 and 2, Figure 15 A at B*, where the steam
is admitted to the casing of the high-pressure cylinder, which as well as
the low-pressure condensing cylinder and pump 2 is worked and guided
by crank pins A in discs A", A², on the crank shaft F, each giving
motion through a connecting rod a to the "togle" joint and second motion
shaft Z, in the improved manner described, at double the speed of the
engine; and the valves both of the engine and condensing pump
cylinders 1, 2, are worked by eccentrics G, G, but they might be
worked by our improved cams G, G¹, G², G", the injection water entering
the latter 2 near the middle at d³, all as shown and described in reference
to Figures 1 to 3, and 16 and 21, on Sheet 4, all being lettered and
figured accordingly.
Figure 14 B is a side elevation of an improved construction of water
wheel, formed by a chain of buckets 1, 2, three on each link, but there
might be more or less; the loop of chains 1 being as long as the height
of all will allow, is passed over an upper or lower six-sided chain barrel
or drum 3, 3', the former 3 of which being the power transmitting one,
has a spur wheel 4 keyed on it, giving motion to a pinion and crank
shaft 6, the crank 7 of which is coupled to the lower end of a connecting
rod 8, which works a walking beam 9 above, preferably with a long free
end 91, all so as to work the centre joint a" of a "togle" joint arrange-
ment (by a link connecting rod not shown), in the improved manner
shown and described in reference to Figures 14 to 19:
Figures 20 and 21 are a sectional elevation and a plan of an improved
arrangement of the "togle" joint applied to a press suitable for em-
bossing or for pressing paper, goods, or tiles, and a number of other
purposes, in which there are two sets of links b, b', placed vertically, and
having a swivel nut 1 linked between their central joints a¹, so as to be
worked by the strong horizontal screw 2, carried in suitable journal
bearing brackets 3, all on a strong duplex pillar frame 4; this.screw 2

page_text: gear
being worked by the powerful screw wheel 5, and screw or worm 6, and
spindle with handle 7 to give the maximum pressures, and by the hand
wheel 8 for light pressures and purposes, or being quickly screwed back
as desired, the worm wheel and spindle 6 being thrown out of when
the screw 2 is worked by the hand wheel 8. And this improved arrange-
ment of "togle" joint may give a down and up stroke of the press 9
at each reversing of the action of the screw in one direction, which
would be a convenience in such presses.
any
Referring generally and particularly to the modifications of our
improvements, and the several Figures illustrating the same on Sheet 6
of the accompanying Drawings, which consist all as follows:- When
of our improved constructions of rotatory engines are applied to the
actuating of portable engines or their traction wheels and shafts, and
shown and described in reference to the several Figures on Sheets 1
and 2, as for locomotives and other traction engines for running on
railways, tramways, and common roads, or for agricultural purposes, or
for fire engines; by another improvement of our said Invention the
cylinders B are made to move in slides 1, as well as the main shaft A³,
or the axis of the outer cylinder B when it revolves in its sliding or
bearing A or B' respectively, to which it is rigidly attached in a new or
improved manner to accommodate itself to the usual sliding motion of
these bearings caused by the motion of the carriage and wheels on their
various kinds of springs, except when the rotatory engines are applied
to elastic wheels and tyres, as herein-before described in reference to
Figures 14 to 18 on Sheet 3 of our Drawings. Thus then referring to
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 6, which are a side elevation and a plan
respectively of a reciprocating cylinder B attached and guided in this
improved manner, this said sliding motion is effected by making the
fixing flanges B³ of the cylinder B or other guides as the grooves 2 on
it to slide on fixed or oscillating guides 1 in the vertical and it might
be transverse parallel plane of the guides 3, in which the shaft 4 (of the
traction wheels G) or carriage frame 5 moves by its springs 6. This
improvement is also applicable to reciprocating cylinders B when
these are used for actuating such motive power portable engines and
carriages, or their wheels and axles, either direct through cranks and
connecting rods or gearing, as shown at Figures 1 to 8, Sheet 6, and in
this case is shown as effected by connecting the cylinder B rigidly
through two, but it might be one strong bar 7 to the bushes 8 of their

page_text: motive crank shaft 4, or it might be by bushed eyes to the shafts them-
selves, which would revolve in them, and thus keep the cylinder B
always at the same distance from and in true centre line at right angles
through the axis of the shaft, allowing the cylinder (when a vertical
one) to slide, as stated, in the vertical transverse plane of the motion of
the shaft or carriage carrying the engine and boiler on the springs 6 in
any usual manner, or for angled or oscillating engines, the cylinders
would be put on the usual trunnions in bushes, which could slide for a
short distance in guides (as 1), or the bushes 8 of the shaft 4 could
slide in segmental slots or guides 3' in bush plates, heaving the centre of
the radius of this guide 3' in the oscillating axis of the cylinder; and.
the inlet and exhaust branches of the steam pipes could be connected to
these trunnions, made hollow for that purpose by stuffing boxes and
glands, or other equivalent universal or compensating stuffing box
joints as frequently used for moving cylinders, which would allow the
connecting pipes to traverse or oscillate with their cylinders, as
.

page_text: bolts 8", the cylinder B sliding by a feather 9 in slot 1 through the plate
framing 5, and by guides 10 bolted thereto.
Figure 7, on Sheet 6, is an end section of the two inside horizontal
cylinders, or it might be vertical cylinders of a locomotive engine sliding
in guides 1 between the two slide frames 5 and guide plates 12 bolted
thereto with long tie bolts 7', one at each side, either directly attached
to the axle box, as in Figures 1 and 2, or by jointed links 7, according
as the cylinders are placed vertically or horizontally.
Figure 8, on Sheet 6, is an elevational Diagram of a traction wheel G
and axle 4, as driven by three frictional or toothed wheels A, A', A",
the first A being keyed on the axle A³ of the rotatory cylinder B, and
the last A on the axle 4, both axles being retained and secured to
each other at a fixed distance apart, to suit and maintain the wheels
always in proper working gear by the two strong rigid links or bars 7,
one on each side of the transmitting wheels A, A', A", whatever may
be the jolting or rising or falling motion of the carriage frame, or the
axle bearings carrying the motive engine, or that of the shaft 4, whether
the bars 7 were set vertically, horizontally, or angularly, to suit the
position of the rotatory engine B on the carriage frame; the spindle of
the intermediate wheel A³ is also retained in bushed bearings in the
rods 7, and for lightening up the shafts the bearing bushes are set
in a slide eye at the one end of the rods 7, actuated by a screw and
hand wheel 13, the bushed eye at the attachment with the traction wheel
axle being made in two halves and tightened up by gland flanges and
screw bolts.
Figure 9, Sheet 6, is a plan view of a combined locomotive engine
and passenger carriage, suitable for turning on short curves, with the
engine proper carried on the main central carriage or frame 1, on two
pair or four traction wheels 2¹, 3, and their axles 2, 3, the ends a, a²,
of this main central part or engine being linked and jointed to swivelling
end bogie passenger and steering carriages 4, 4', one being shown with
two wheels and the other with four, the axles of which are swivelled
on their centres 5³ in the frames by their segmentally toothed frames 5,
actuated by pinions 6 on the lower ends of the vertical steering spindles
at the extreme rounded ends of the complete carriage so coupled at b.
The ends a, a¹, of the frame of the central locomotive part are rounded
so as to allow the corresponding hollow segmental adjacent ends of the

page_text: bogie carriage 4, 41, to swivel on or around them, the end a nearest the
one 4 with the single axle and pair of wheels supporting it by an under
segmental flange at a". The carriage, shown in end view at Figure 9 A,
has two boilers and vertical magazines 7, 7, 8, 8, erected at the sides
over the axles 2, 3, with flues 7' from their smokes box 7" leading to
one common chimney 72 over a passage or space 1' left between the
boilers 7, through from the one bogie carriage to the other, these boilers
being substantially of the improved construction shown and described
in Figures 1 to 3, on Sheet 3. The boilers 7 have the steam cylinders B
fitted, secured, and arranged to them over outside crank pins in the
wheels 2', substantially as shown and described in reference to Figures 1
and 2, on Sheet 3; these crank pins being connected by the outside
connecting rods 9 to corresponding crank pins in the wheels 3' of the
axle 3 below the magazine 8, that is, when these wheels 2 and 3' are
keyed on their shafts 2 and 3 respectively; but these traction wheels
might be loose on their shafts and have friction or other clutches
actuated by levers or otherwise, so as to couple any of them to their
shafts at pleasure for the more secure turning of quick curves, the
actuating crank pins in this case being fixed in outside discs or cranks
secured on the shafts 2. The spaces 10 between the boilers form the
coal tenders or bunkers and the spaces at the outer corners are occupied
by the tank 11, which improved construction of tramway passenger
locomotive carriage may also form a traction engine for other passenger
carriages and their frames, constructed substantially in this improved
manner, with the central carriage all seated and formed for passengers
without the boilers and engines.
Figure 10, on Sheet 6, is a sectional elevation of an improved construc-
tion and arrangement of the parts of a combined high-pressure
cylinder 1, and condensing pump or low-pressure cylinder 2, sub-
stantially as described in reference to Figures 14 and 15, on Sheet 5, but
shown as detached from the framing and transmitting shaft and
connections, except that their pistons are shown as each worked by a
single piston rod 1', 21, with separate valve chests B, D, and ports for
admitting and exhausting the steam to and from the high-pressure
cylinder 1 with simple plate slides B¹, D¹, covering the single ports at
top and bottom. The exhaust casing is placed between the high-pressure
cylinder 1 and the condensing pump 2, so that the exhaust steam gets
right through into the top and bottom respectively of the pump 2, and

page_text: does not require to return through the high-pressure valve B', or admis-
sion ports, as shown and described in reference to Figures 15 and 15 A,
on Sheet 5; and the discharge of the water and air from the condensing.
pump or cylinder is effected through ports and valve casing d, with
slide valve plates d¹ between the pump 2, and the discharge clack
valves E, E¹, and discharge chamber and branch F, F, the latter by
preference being fitted with discharge foot or check valve E", also all at
the opposite side of the pump to that at which the exhaust steam enters,
it from the high-pressure cylinder; the rods B", D", d", of these valve.
plates by preference being worked by our improved cams, so that the
steam is allowed to exhaust freely from the high-pressure cylinder into
the condensing pump throughout the entire length of the strokes in
opposite directions, the discharge plate d¹ of the pump allowing the free
exit of the water and air through the clack valve E at either end, only
after the exhaust steam has been condensed and the vacuum formed, and
the piston reached the near end of its stroke where the water and pro-
ducts of condensensation have to be discharged, while the exhaust plate D¹
at that end is then shut for the prevention of the high pressed steam at
that time admitted to the cylinder 1 from entering the pump 2, small
blow through ports f being fitted at the top and bottom of the pump to
assist the discharge of the confined water, and the formation of the
vacuum at starting. In this arrangement two injection ports are formed
through the side of the pump a little above and below the centre, as
shown at e, e, to insure condensation on either side of the piston after
such blow through of live steam by one of the ports f; and spring safety
water valves are shown at g, fitted on the cover and bottom of the
pump 2, leading into the discharge chamber F, behind the lid and
discharge valves D¹. E. E¹.
DECCO
a SCOT
CICY QUIOIL
cylinder 1 and improved condensing pump or low-pressure cylinder 2
combined, substantially as described in reference to the last Figure 10,
and 14 and 15 on Sheet 5, but of the inverted class with their rods 1', 21,
working down to actuate the crank shaft Z below, preferably, as indi-
cated in the more complete and improved general arrangement or
modification shown in elevational and horizontal section respectively in
Figures 11 and 12, by two coupled side beams 3 oscillating and carried
on a main centre 3' in a bearing 4 in the central supporting framing 4
of the engine, or by two such grasshopper beams 3 vibrating on an end

page_text: centre 3¹ in a bracket 4' standing out from one of the main standards 4
between the said side beams 3, as seen particularly in the modification
of this class of improved compound engine shown in elevation and
horizontal section in Figures 13 and 14 respectively on Sheet 6, and
designed more particularly for the application of these improved con-
densing pumps and engines fitted with them to engines of this tilt-
hammer or inverted class of reciprocating engines for marine propulsion
on board ships. In this arrangement the inlet and exhaust ducts B
and D and steam passing through them at the top and bottom of the
high pressed cylinder 1 and leading to the condensing pump 2, are
controlled by the cocks B¹, D¹, instead of plate valves, as shown in the
former modification, Figure 10; the levers B and D" of the upper cocks
B₁, D, are linked and worked by the rod B², those of the under set B,
D", by a corresponding rod B³, both connected by the vertical rod B';
all so as to be worked by tappets or cams, as before described, from a
revolving or reciprocating part of the engine, to admit the steam into
the high pressed cylinder at the end of its stroke in one direction, and
shut off the exhaust steam at the same time and end of the pump barrel
or cylinder 2, and, vice versa, shut off the steam at the other end of
the cylinder 1, and open the exhaust to the pump 2 from that end, all
nearly simultaneously, but so that no live steam is exhausted or wasted
until it bas done its work in the first cylinder 1. The arrows and ports and
valves in Figures 10 and 10 A indicate the direction of motion and
position of these at or near the end of the up stroke in the high-pressure
cylinder and corresponding down stroke of the condensing pump 2 just
before reversing the valves, and in both the steam and water pass right
on and never return through the same ducts or ports, as in some of the
former modifications, the valves and ports in these being on opposite
sides of the respective cylinders. In the arrangement shown in
Figure 10 the injection cock e is controlled by a tappet or other rod e³,
so as to give an injection at each end or single stroke of the pump 2
above or below its piston or plunger, and in this case instead of having
the plate valves and chest d³, d, between the discharge pump ports and
flap valves E, E¹, as in Figure 10, for preventing the escape of the
steam in the pump, and until it is condensed and the vacuum formed,
a small locking rod his worked through a stuffing box at the back of
each discharge valve E, E¹, so as to hold the lids of these valves shut
until the vacuum is formed and release them by the arrangement of
double armed levers i, i, fulcrummed on the brackets at 2, for the top

page_text: working the injection and discharge pump P direct, placed below it for
that purpose.
Figure 15 on Sheet 6 is a side elevation of a horizontal construction
and arrangement or modification of our improved condensing pump or
cylinder 2 applied to a horizontal high-pressure cylinder 1, both worked
direct in axial line by the same rod 3 passed right through the whole,
so as to work the sliding cross head 4 and connecting rod 5 of a crank
shaft Z, all substantially as a horizontal condensing engine secured on a
strong bed plate 6, the steam chest, and valves, or cocks of the bigh-
pressure cylinder 1, being all substantially constructed and actuated as
shown and described in reference to Figures 11 and 12 on Sheet 4 (and
lettered and figured accordingly), except that the rod I" (instead of
being worked by a tappet spindle j), is worked by one of our improved
cams G, keyed on the end or body of the crank shaft Z, another cam G¹
in front of which actuates the valve rods I², I³, of the cocks I, I', through
the gab link or rod J, J', and wiper shaft and levers J", J², arranged
with hand screw wheel and slide bushes I of both the high-pressure
engine and pump cylinder 2. The exhaust steam from the high-
pressure cylinder 1 enters through the branch and pipe D, D¹, to the
inlet cock valves I, I', to the opposite end of the condensing cylinder 2,
actuated by the levers I¹¹ and rods I³, I³, all substantially in the manner
described in reference to Figure 16 on Sheet 4, and lettered and figured
accordingly; the outlet or foot valves E, E', for the discharge of the
products of condensation from both ends of the pump 2, are shown
dotted within a chamber F, from which they are led off by the final
discharge branch E', the injection being led into the centre of the
cylinder beyond the chamber F by the injection pipe and regulating
cock e.
Figures 16 and 17 on Sheet 6 are a side elevation and a horizontal
section respectively of the application of one of our improved rotatory
engines, as Figure 5, on Sheet 1, and lettered and figured accordingly,
but applied with its central axis or drum A², A, as revolving vertically
in a foot step bearing A³, in the centre of a large circular sole or bed
plate 1. The cylinder B is supported and secured by a strong flange B',
on its lower solid end, to three short pillars 2, projecting up from the
sole plate 1, all so as to actuate a set of six, or other number of ordinary
single-acting plunger pumps 3, or it may be double-acting pumps,
secured by flanges to the said sole plate by a single eccentric 4, keyed on

page_text: shaft A, in the horizontal plane or axes of the pumps between the
cylinder B and sole plate 1, so as to actuate their plungers 3, by the
eccentric strap 5, with a connecting rod 6, directly attached to the
plunger 3 of each pump; but it is to be understood that these pumps
may be of our improved double-acting construction of pumps, suitable
for the forcing of air or water, or both, into our improved magazines
A, A', all as shown and described at B, and reference numerals 5 to 10
inclusive in Figure 1 and 2 on Sheet 5.
Figure 18 is a side elevation of an improved mineral boring machine,
constructed in accordance with and embodying several of our said
improvements as applied thereto, especially the adaptation of the "togle"
joint for giving a double jumping action of the boring tool, or its
actuating spindle as d, in accordance with our improvements for each
revolution of the crank shaft F and crank pin A, all substantially as shown
and described in reference to Figures 14 and 14 A to Figures 19 on
Sheet 5.
The general arrangement of the machine consists of a strong horizontal
and vertical frame 3 carried on four wheels 2, so as to traverse freely on
beams or rails below it where the boring is required. The cylinder 3
and crank shaft F are substantially of the same construction as shown
and described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3 on Sheet 4, and
Figure 14 on Sheet 5, except that in this case they are laid horizontally
so as to reciprocate the "togle" joint horizontally, and the spindle d
vertically; the boiler 4, which is of the improved construction shown
and described in reference to Figures 1 to 3 on Sheet 3, is carried on the
extreme back end of the frame 1, opposite to that carrying the boring
tools, and actuating and lifting mechanism in the strong frame 5 by a
screw and screw wheel 6, attached to a cross head 7, with a spring e
interposed between it and the fixed centre block c, to which the " togle"
joint arrangement is attached, all lettered and indicated as in the said
former modifications 14 to 19 on Sheet 5; the cross head and centre
block c are coupled together by strong links or straps 7', and slide in
the open vertical frame 5, by the action of the said screw and hand
wheel 6, 6. The turning of the lower boss or socket 18 carrying the
tool is effected through the wheel and pinion 9, 9¹, by the reciprocating
action of the spindle d, through the arm 10 and ratchet pall 11, working
in a ratchet wheel 12, formed or attached to the pinion 9¹ or its spindle 12',
working in the lower vertical part of the frame 1. A swing jib crane 13 is

page_text: erected over the vertical frame 1, having its top swivel centre stayed by
two diagonal stays 14 to the sides of the steam boiler 4 at top, well
secured also to the framing 1 of the engine at 4', all for the purpose of
raising and lowering the boring bars by the hook 15 and chain 16,
led over the pulley 17, 17, down to a winding barrel on the crank
shaft F, behind the crank disc F, and it might be also the raising and
lowering of the wire rope of the cleaning pump with a separate barrel
for the purpose, and when so used the socket H would be uncoupled
from the rod Z, and the frame 1 and carriage 2 run back on its rails or
beams until the hook 15 comes over the boring tool z.
It will be understood that our said improved rotatory engines and
their acting cylinders, described in reference to the several modifications
thereof, shown in the several Figures on Sheets 1 and 2, besides being
applicable for the driving of locomotive or portable engines for running
on rails or tramways and common roads, as shown in reference to
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 3, to the special marine vessels shown in
Figures 1 to 13 on Sheet 5, are also applicable for the driving of other
ordinary screw and paddle steam ships, and also for nearly all purposes
for which stationary reciprocating engines are used, whether worked
high pressed or condensing, or both, or compound and expansive, all as
herein-before described; and that further these rotatory engines are
also applicable as pumps for drawing and forcing water or air, and for
meters for measuring water or other fluids, as engineers will understand,
especially the simple construction of these rotatory engines without the
expansion arrangement of chambers, valves, and ducts; and that other
parts where required are to be fitted with the usual governors, admitting
steam valves, and condensed water "snifter" safety valves, grease and
pet cocks; and that the new or improved steam boiler or generator, and
the magazines and generators of pressure fluid, herein specified, are also
applicable to other ordinary reciprocating engines, and would be fitted.
with safety valves, and pressure and water indicators, as in ordinary use
in steam boilers; and further that these improved rotatory engines and
the improvements for connecting them to their transmitting shafts and
wheels, and improved elastic traction wheels, will make these engines
and other engines to which they are applicable (all as particularly
described) more applicable for portable engines or carriage engines for
running on railways, tramways, common roads, or on rough ground, than
the engines heretofore in use for such purposes, and also capable of being

page_text: used for portable fire engines, farm and other motive power engines for
driving machinery for all kinds of industrial purposes, with greater saving
of fuel, steam heat, and power than heretofore.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine or
restrict ourselves to the precise details or arrangements which we have
had occasion to describe and delineate, as many variations may be made
therefrom without departing from the main or essential features thereof;
neither on the other hand do we claim the having invented many of the
details of mechanical constructions and motions which we have had
occasion to describe for the purpose of making our Invention properly
understood by themselves, as many of these have heretofore been used
in various forms in rotatory and other engines and machines; neither
do we claim the use of mere revolving and sliding pistons passing each
other in rotatory engines, or the reversing of the steam in them for
giving the forward and backward motion, as we believe this has here-
tofore been done, except in so far as these are combined with or form
part of the several improvements of and for the purpose of our said
Invention; but what we consider novel and original, and therefore claim
as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
First. The construction and arrangement of the parts of rotatory engines
or machines specially distinguished for working on the high pressure,
or combined high and low pressure, or high pressure expansive and low
pressure or condensing principle, all substantially in the new or improved
'manner, and for the purposes herein described and shown in reference to
the several Figures on Sheets 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings,
or any mere modification thereof.
Second. The construction and arrangement of ducts and valves for
making the initial high-pressure steam expand from one compartment of
a single annular rotatory engine, substantially in the new or improved
manner herein described, and shown in reference to Figures 1 and 2 on
Sheet 1, and Figures 1 A and 1 B on Sheet 2 of the accompanying
Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Third. The construction and arrangement of the parts of rotatory
engines with two or more annular or eccentric acting spaces in the same

page_text: axial line, with their ports and ducts and arrangement of valves and
cocks for making them act on the high pressure, or combined high and
low pressure, or high pressure expansive and low pressure or condensing
principle, all substantially in the new or improved manner herein
described and shown in reference to Figures 11 to 18 on Sheet 1 of the
accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Fourth. The construction and arrangement of the parts of rotatory
engines, having two or more annular acting spaces radially outwards
within the same cylinder or transverse plane, with their ducts, valves,
and cocks for making them act on the high pressure or combined high
and low pressure, or high pressure expansive and low pressure or con-
densing principle, substantially in the new or improved manner herein
described, and shown in reference to Figures 19 to 25 on Sheet 2 of the
accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Fifth. The modes and means of tightening up the annular wearing or
stationary surfaces or joints of the inner and outer main drums or
cylinders with their end covers of rotatory engines, all substantially in
the new or improved manner herein described and shown in the several
Figures on Sheets 1 and 2 of the accompanying. Drawings.
Sixth. The new or improved mode and means of connecting the
opposite radially acting stop slides or pistons of rotatory engines,
whether in the internal cylinder or external cylinder by rods and springs,
substantially in the new or improved manner herein described and
shown in the several Figures on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings,
or any mere modification thereof.
Seventh. The construction and arrangement of the stop pistons and
slides of rotatory engines with their packing plates and antifriction
rollers, and modes and means of pressing the working faces of these out
by plates and springs, and the pressure of the acting steam itself, so as
to make their wearing faces fluid pressure tight, all substantially in the
new or improved manner herein described and shown in the several
Figures on Sheets 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings, or any mere
modification thereof.
Eighth. The construction and arrangement of stop pistons and slides
(or acting and reacting pistons) made to form their own acting fluid,
inlet and exhaust valves, combined for rotatory engines, all substantially
in the new or improved manner herein described and shown in

page_text: reference to the several Figures on sheets I and ♫m the accompany-
ing Drawings.
Ninth. The construction and arrangement of four-way cocks for the
admission and exhaustion of the steam to duplex or compound cylinder
rotatory engines, also applicable to other engines, all substantially in
the new or improved manner herein described and shown in reference to
Figures 14 to 18 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Tenth. The construction and use of plug holes and doorways with
covers and plugs through the outer and inner casings, and their end
covers for the removal and insertion of the working pistons and stop
slides, and fixing and tightening up these working parts of rotatory
engines, all substantially in the new or improved manner herein
described and shown in the several Figures on Sheets 1 and 2 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Eleventh. The construction and arrangement of cams and anti friction
rollers for actuating the stop pistons or slides of rotatory engines,
whether used inside or outside of these cylinders and their connections,
or for the valves of other motive power engines, all substantially in the
new or improved manner herein described and shown in the several
Figures on Sheets 1 and 2, and Figures 1 to 8 on Sheet 4 respectively
of the accompanying Drawings.
Twelfth. The construction and arrangement of the parts of locomotive
traction engines constructed in accordance with and illustrative of the
application of our improved rotatory engines and reciprocating engines,
and several of our other improvements for the actuating of such portable
engines, all substantially in the new or improved manner herein
described and shown in reference to Figures 1 to 4 on Sheet 3, and
Figures 9 and 9A on Sheet 6 of the accompanying Drawings, or any mere
modification thereof.
Thirteenth. The construction and arrangement of parts of locomotive
engines and their actuating gearing and loose traction wheels, with their
bogie carriages and steering mechanism for turning sharp curves, all
substantially in the new or improved manner herein described and
shown in reference to Figures 9 and 9A on Sheet 6 of the accompanying
Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Fourteenth. The modes and means of actuating the traction wheels of

page_text: portable roadway or railway engines or their shafts, by these rotatory
engines, either direct or by toothed or frictional gearing, and with or
without the new or improved rigid bars or connections between the
cylinders and the axis of the shaft to be driven, which construction and
arrangement of bars are also applicable to this application of ordinary
reciprocating engines, all substantially in the new or improved manner
herein described and shown in reference to the said Figures 1 to 3
and 14 to 18 on Sheet 3, and Figures 1 to 9 and 9A on Sheet 6, in the
accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Fifteenth. The new or improved mode of rigidly connecting the
motive cylinder or cylinders of locomotive engines to their motive
shafts, so that they slide with the latter, all substantially in the new or
improved manner herein described and shown in reference to the said
Figures 1 to 3 on Sheet 3, and 1 to 9 and 9A on Sheet 6 of the accom-
panying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Sixteenth. The construction and arrangement of elastic wheels for
such portable engines or carriages either for running on common roads,
tramways, or railways, substantially in the new or improved manner
herein described and shown in reference to Figures 1 to 3 and 14
to 18 on Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modi-
fication thereof.
Seventeenth. The construction and arrangement of the parts of a new
or improved steam boiler or generator for motive power engines, all
substantially in the new or improved manner herein particularly
described and shown in reference to Figures 1 to 13 on Sheet 3 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Eighteenth. The construction and arrangement of the parts of a
reciprocating engine adapted to and illustrative of the application of the
new or improved cams and antifriction pulleys and their connecting
links for working the valves of this class of engines, all substantially in
the new or improved manner herein described and shown in reference to
Figures 1 to 10 on Sheet 4 of the accompanying Drawings, or any mere
modification thereof.
Ninteenth. The construction and arrangement of the parts of a new
or improved condensing pump for motive power steam engines, all
substantially in the new or improved manner herein described and shown
particularly in reference to Figures 16 to 22 on Sheet 4, and Figures 10

page_text: and 10 A on Sheet 6, whether worked by our new duplex steam cocks,
slide plate valves, or piston valves, and as applied to different modifi-
cations of engines in Figures 14 and 15 on Sheet 5, and Figures 11 to
15 on Sheet 6 of the accompanying Drawings.
Twentieth. The construction and arrangement of the parts of a direct-
acting engine and pump, all substantially in the new or improved
manner herein described and shown in reference to Figures 11 to 15, on
Sheet 4 of the accompanying Drawings.
Twenty-first. The construction and arrangement of a new or improved
close vessel or magazine and injector for generating and supplying fluid
pressure currents for motive-power engines, all substantially in the new
or improved manner and for the purposes herein described and shown
in reference to Figures 1 to 13 on Sheet 5 of the accompanying
Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Twenty-second. The construction and arrangement of the parts of
pumps for the forcing of the air into the new or improved magazines, all
substantially in the new or improved manner herein described and
shown in reference to B, Figure 2, and numerals 5 to 10 on Sheet 5, and
Figures 16 and 17 on Sheet 6, of the accompanying Drawings.
Twenty-third. The construction and arrangement of engines and tools
and the adaptation of the "togle" joint thereto, all substantially in the
new or improved manner herein described and shown in reference to
Figures 14 to 21 on Sheet 5, and Figure 18 on Sheet 6, of the accom-
panying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Leckie Graham Wright,
on behalf of the said William Broom, George Cadell Bruce, and
myself, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-two.
15TATS
W. L. G. WRIGHT. (L.8.)