Improvements in Stopping Apparatus for Motor-driven and other Road Carriages.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 14th May, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 13th Feb., 1897-Accepted, 14th May, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stopping Apparatus for Motor-driven and other
Road Carriages.
WALTER WOOLIDGE Strand Southampton Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
On a road motor car is provided a stopping apparatus arranged so that the
movement of the carriage and consequent revolving of the wheel or wheels or axle
will cause the stopping apparatus to come into action & stop the carriage after it
has run any distance to which it may be set with means for controlling or avoiding
the action of the stopping apparatus at the will of the controller.
This may be done as follows:-
On one or more of the wheels of the carriage is provided one or more projections
or recesses of a shape suitable to actuate a pump. This may take the form of an
eccentric or cam or sinuous groove or even of a crank pin. A rod or lever actuated
by this communicates motion to the brake moving it a little towards its work (or
storing energy in a spring or other contrivance until the proper time for it to act).
A clutch or check which is provided then bolds the brake while the rod or lever
performs the return stroke. At the next stroke the brake is drawn or otherwise
advanced a little nearer still, or a little more energy is stored, the check or clutch
again holding the brake or energy at its advanced position while the rod or lever
makes its second return stroke and so on until the brake is forced right home to its
work and stops the carriage. The connection between the brake and the rod or
lever being of such a kind as to allow-say by clutch or check-the return stroke
of the rod or lever to be made without drawing the brake off again.
If a pump is so placed that the aforenamed projections or recesses may work it
as the carriage moves along the pump being connected up by a suitable channel
to a ram cylinder or expanding chamber placed in a convenient position and
connected directly or otherwise thereto for applying the brake.
Now when the wheel revolves the pump will cause liquid-say oil-or gas to
enter the ram cylinder or expanding chamber & thus apply the brake more or less
rapidly according to the quantity of liquid or gas allowed to enter or be retained
in the ram cylinder or expanding chamber which may be regulated by suitable
valves under the control of the controller. These valves to be so arranged that
they will not stay in the position for releasing the brake unless held so by manual
power or by a regulator. So that should the controller by any means get thrown
off the carriage or disabled in any way from controlling the carriage, the carriage
will stop itself before it has gone far enough to do any damage.
A hand brake lever may also be provided acting on brakes in the usual way or
hastening and aiding the automatic arrangement and also for releasing the
aforenamed clutches or checks.
It will be seen from the foregoing that when the carriage has travelled a certain
distance or the wheels have made a certain amount of revolution, the brake is
certain to be applied and the carriage stopped unless the controller himself
prevent it

page_text: Suitable means are provided for preventing this with little or no exertion by
releasing the clutches or checks beforementioned the brake will be free to return
to its original position and if a spring or other elastic power be suitably attached
to the brake in such a manner as to oppose the motion caused by the rotation of
the wheel as herein before described directly the aforenamed clutches or checks are
released by the controller the brake will return to its original position ready to he
operated on as before by the continued revolution of the wheels.
In the case of a brake applied by liquid or gas pressure the controller may
release the same by the aforenamed valves or regulate the same by partially
opening them or by a screw regulator.
Suitable means may be provided for throwing the movement in or out of gear
such as a friction wheel carrying the aforenamed projection or recesses-which in
this case may act as a crank pin-with the usual means for throwing the same in
or out of action or other convenient means.
It is evident that this stopping apparatus is also applicable to other carriages
including even those actuated by animal power and velocipedes & also as a speed
regulator.
Means are also provided for cutting off the supply of energy-used in driving-
automatically so that should the wheels continue to revolve after the brakes have
been applied with their proper force the surplus energy produced thereby is diverted
through a suitable channel to a proper throttleing device.
This may be accomplished in the case of a direct mechanical action brake by
introducing an elastic material or body between the face of the brake block and
the actuating power thereof so that the difference in the relative positions of two
points on either side of the elastic body caused by compression of the same
consequent on a higher pressure being exerted on the brake face shall actuate
through suitable means a throttling device and thus throttle the driving energy.
In the case of a brake actuated by liquid or gas-after the brake has been
applied with the proper pressure, should the wheels continue to revolve the surplus
energy produced by the pump still acting is diverted by reason of the increased
pressure to operate a throttling device through a piston or expanding chamber
which is in direct mechanical connection therewith & which is opposed by an elastic
power to keep it in place.
Dated this 11th
1806
WALTER WOOLIDGE.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stopping Apparatus for Motor-driven and other
Road Carriages.
WALTER WOOLIDGE 5 Strand Southampton Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
On a road motor carriage is provided a stopping apparatus arranged so that the
movement of the car and consequent revolving of the wheel or wheels will cause
the stopping apparatus to come into action and stop the carriage after it has run
any distance to which it may be set with means for controling or avoiding the
action of the stopping apparatus at the will of the controllor.
This may be done as follows.
On one or more of the wheel or wheels of the carriage is provided one or more
projections or recesses of a shape suitable to actuate a pump; this may take the
form of a cam or eccentric or if duplicated a sinuous groove or path. A rod or
lever actuated by this communicates inotion to the brake moving it a little towards

page_text: its work or storing energy in a spring or other contrivance until the proper time
A clutch or check which is provided then holds the brake while the
rod or lever performs the return stroke. At the next stroke the brake is drawn or
otherwise advanced a little more still or a little more energy is stored the clutch or
check again holding the brake or energy at its advanced position while the rod or lever
makes its second return stroke and so on until the brake is forced right home to
its work and stops the carriage; the connection between the brake and rod or lever
being of such a kind as to allow-say by a clutch or check-the return stroke to
be made without drawing the brake off again.
If a pump is so placed that the aforenamed projections or recesses may work it
as the carriage moves along, the pump being connected up by a suitable channel to
a ram cylinder or expanding chamber placed in a convenient position to apply the
brake and connected directly or otherwise thereto,-
Now when the wheel revolves the pump will cause liquid or fluid say oil or gas
to enter the ram cylinder or expanding chamber and thus apply the brake more or
less rapidly according to the quantity of liquid or fluid allowed to enter or be
retained in the ram cylinder or expanding chamber which may be regulated by
suitable valves under the control of the controllor. These valves to be so arranged
that they will not stay in the position for releasing the brake unless held so by
manual power or by a regulator so that should the controllor by any means get
shaken or thrown off the carriage or disabled in any way from controling the
carriage, the carriage will stop itself before it has gone far enough to do any
damage.
A hand brake lever may also be provided acting on the brakes in the usual way
or hastening and aiding the automatic arrangement and also for releasing the
aforenamed clutches or checks.
It will be seen from the foregoing that when the car has travelled a certain
distance or the wheels have made a certain ammount of revolution the brake is
certain to be applied and the car stopped unless the controllor himself prevent it.
Suitable means are provided for preventing the brake from being applied, with
little or no exertion by releasing the clutches or checks beforementioned when the
brake will be free to return to its original position; and if a spring or other elastic
power be suitably attached to the brake in such a manner as to oppose the motion
caused by the rotation of the wheel as hereinbefore described, directly the afore-
named clutches or checks are released by the controllor the brake will return to its
original position ready to be operated on as before by the continued revolution of
the wheels. In the case of a brake applied by liquid, fluid, or gas pressure the
controllor may release the same by the aforenamed valves or regulate the same by
partially opening them or by a screw regulator; suitable means may be provided
for throwing the movement in or out of gear such as a friction wheel carrying the
aforenamed projections or recesses which in this case may act as a crank pin with
the usual means for throwing in or out of action or other suitable means.
It is evident that this stopping apparatus is also applicable to other carriages
including even those actuated by animal power and velocipedes and also as a speed
regulator. Thus to regulate the speed where the liquid or fluid pressure brake is
adopted the valves of the pump or an outlet valve from the ram cylinder may be
set partially open or so as to admit of more or less liquid or fluid to pass through
as the speed of the carriage is required to be faster or slower.
A screwed spindle passing through the valve box against which the valve can
strike when it opens can be used for this purpose and also to regulate the distance
the car shall run before stopping.
Means are also provided for automatically cutting off the supply of energy
used in driving so that should the wheels continue to revolve after the brakes
have been applied with their proper force the surplus energy produced thereby
is diverted through a suitable channel to a proper throttling device such as
the throttle valve of a steam motor or the switch of an electro motor or the oil
supply of an oil engine and the like. This may be accomplished in the case

page_text: of a direct mechanical action brake by introducing an elastic material or body
between the face of the brake block and the actuating power thereof so that the
difference in the relative positions of two points on either side of the elastic body
caused by the compression of the same consequent on a higher pressure being
exerted on the brake face shall actuate through suitable means a throttling device
and thus throttle the driving energy. In the case of a brake actuated by liquid
fluid or gas, after the brake has been applied with the proper pressure, should the
wheels still continue to revolve the surplus energy produced by the pump still
acting is diverted by reason of the increased pressure to operate a throttling
device through a piston or expanding chamber which is in direct mechanical
connexion therewith and which is opposed by an elastic power to keep it in
place.
The distance the car will travel before stopping if left to itself will depend upon
the ammount of energy allowed to be stored or bypassed before the brake is forced
on to the wheel. It may also be regulated by the quantity of liquid or fluid
allowed to enter or be retained in the pump or ram cylinder.
For instance if the suction valve of the pump be kept partially closed so that
less than a pumpful enters it the wheel will make more revolutions before the
brake is applied than it would if fully open. Again if it is kept partially open
part only of the contents of the pump will enter the ram cylinder and
the same result obtained, or again if the springs S or Q be more or less
compressed in relation to each other say by the hand wheel or screw regulator J
screwed along the rod L a similar result may be produced.
The advantage of using a sinuous groove or path (to actuate the stopping
apparatus) formed in or upon some moving part of the vehicle such as the wheel
or a drum or disc attached thereto or revolved thereby is that a positive motion is
imparted to the rod or lever both backwards and forward, and it can be made of
the shape best suited for the purpose whilst it can be readily thrown out of gear by
some such means as withdrawing the rod "L" from groove "R."
The brake or brakes may be applied to one or both sides of one or more of the
wheels of the carriage and be operated by one or more of the car wheels inde-
pendently; or, from one such stopping apparatus centrally situated and arranged
so as to be operated by rods or pump delivery pipes from each or any number of
the wheels and connected by suitable means to the brake blocks of any number of
wheels after the fashion of a steam or air brake on a railway carriage or any other
suitable way.
Fig. 1 is one method of carrying out the invention Fig. 2 is another. Parts
having an equivalent office in each arrangement bear the same letters with dots
added in the different arrangement.
In the drawing W is the wheel which may be one of the road wheels of the
vehicle or a seperate wheel for the purpose.
R is one of the projections formed thereon or recesses formed therein which must
be made of such a shape as to form a sinuous path for the end of a rod or lever or
an abutment therefrom to travel in so that when the wheel is revolved the end of
the lever or rod L or an abutment therefrom which rests upon or in the projection
or recess shall have a reciprocating motion imparted to it.
P is a pump so constructed and arranged that the reciprocating motion just
mentioned will cause it to pump liquid or fluid supplied to it in the usual way into
a ram cylinder or expanding chamber.
L' is a lever or rod so constructed and pivoted as to be capable of traversing the
sinuous path formed by the said projectious and recesses and transmitting motion so
obtained to a rod or clutch attached thereto or to the brake.
L is a pump rod or plunger sometimes used instead of the lever previously
mentioned, so made that one end or an abutment therefrom can traverse the sinuous
path, kept in position by suitable guides.
Li is a connecting rod from lever to brake.

page_text: 19 is the отаке от
taure patteru.
S is a spring for storing the energy received from the pump rod or lever Lit
may be of any suitable kind say a coil spring surrounding the end of the rod L
one end acting upon the brake and the other attached to the rod.
Cl is a non return clutch or check of a suitable kind for clutching or holding
the brake or rod in its advanced positions.
D is a similar non return clutch or check or connection for gripping the rod or
brake for advancing the same and permitting the return stroke to be made without
drawing the brake off again.
These may be of the usual rack and pawl type with means for holding the
pawls when required-to release or prevent the action of the brake by the
controllor.
H is a hand or manual power brake lever fitted and worked in any suitable way
pivoted at J and connected so that the brake may be applied therewith in the usual
or any convenient fashion. Short arms H projecting from this lever in the
direction of and engaging with the checks or clutches beforementioned, are
arranged so that when the manual brake lever is moved in the direction for
releasing the brakes the said clutches or checks shall be released and allow the
brakes to be withdrawn.
If preferred it may be arranged to disengage the lever or rod from the sinuous
path. Or the clutches may be released by the lever locking handle on the brake
lever connected thereto by rods or other suitable means.
In the case of a liquid or fluid pressure brake these means would be arranged to
more or less open or close the non return checks or valves of the pump or similar
valves in the suction or delivery of the pump or ram or expanding chamber by
engaging with spindles passing through the valve box to the valves as shewn.
at JCD.
Ju is a screw regulator for regulating the opening or closing of the said valves.,
Qis a spring for withdrawing the brake when released.
V are the valves of any suitable type non return.
T is a rod leading to a throttling device.
M is a piece of india rubber or other elastic body for which an air cushion is.
sometimes substituted.
U is a detent of any suitable sort for detaining the brake until the requisite-
energy is stored in spring S.
Bi is the ram and B' cylinder.
K is the rod from a brake block on the opposite side of the wheel (shewn in
dotted lines on Figure 2).
A friction wheel in contact with the road wheels of the vehicle is sometimes
used to operate the reciprocating lever or rod, it carries a crank pin projection for
the purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
CLAIMS.
1. The combination with a road carriage or road motor car of a stopping
apparatus or mechanism that will automatically stop the vehicle at stated periods
unless prevented from doing so by the person in charge; with means for varying
the periods substantially as or for the purpose herein set forth.
2. The combination with a road carriage or road motor car of a stopping
apparatus periodically operated through a sinuous groove or path forced against
an abutment from a movable rod or lever by the movement of the car substantially
as or for the purpose herein set forth.
3. The combination with such a stopping apparatus of an elastic body or a
means for storing the power for actuating the said apparatus until the proper time
for discharging the power and means for supplying the power thereto.

page_text: 4. In a stopping mechanism such as described, the combination of a pump, a
ram, or expanding chamber, non return checks or valves, and means for governing
the opening of said checks or valves substantially as herein described and set
forth.
5. The combination with such a stopping apparatus of a friction wheel carrying
a crank pin substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
6. The combination with such a stopping apparatus or mechanism of means for
automatically cutting off the supply of power used in moving the carriage
substantially as herein set forth.
7. On a road carriage or road motor carriage the combination of a stopping
apparatus and speed regulator capable of being used as either substantially as and
for the purpose herein described.
8. In a mechanism for stopping road carriages or road motor carriages the
combination of a pump and sinuous groove or path for operating the pump
substantially as herein set forth.
9. On a road carriage or road motor carriage a brake or brakes adapted to be
operated by hand or by a mechanism actuated by the movement of the vehicle,
alternatively or together.
10. A stopping apparatus or mechanism for road carriages or road motor
carriages, consisting of one or more projections or recesses formed on or in or
attached to one or more of the wheels of the vehicle or some revolving part
contiguous thereto; of a shape suitable to impart a reciprocating motion to a
pump, rod, or lever, engaging therewith; a brake or brakes operated thereby ; a
lever or rod or levers or rods operated by the said projections or recesses for
forcing the brake into action, and provided with non return checks or clutches,
means for releasing said clutches by, manual power; arranged so that unless held
out of action by the person in charge, the vehicle is certain to be stopped after
travelling the distance to which it may be set and means for setting to stop at any
desired distance substantially as or for the purpose herein set forth and described.
Dated this Twelfth day of February 1897.
WALTER WOOLIDGE.