IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thomas Emmott, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES." A communication
from abroad by Eugene Appenzeller, of Mulhouse, in the German. Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thomas Emmott
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1881.
WILLIAM THOMAS EMMOTT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER
FIBRES." (A communication from abroad by Engene Appenzeller, of Mulhouse, in
the German Empire.)
These improvements relate to the apparatus to be employed in spinning wool
and other fibres, for which Letters Patent were granted to Maurice Bauer,
dated the Twenty fourth of January, One thousand eight hundred and eighty,
Number 319, and have for their object the regulation of the motion of the
apparatus and of its alternating action upon the sliver.
To accomplish the first of these objects a differential motion is employed between
the first motion shaft and the apparatus, consisting of a group of bevil wheels
actuated by trains of change wheels. Upon the first motion shaft is keyed a
change wheel, which through an intermediate wheel drives another wheel fixed
upon the end of the differential motion shaft. At the other end of this shaft is
keyed a similar wheel which also by a train of wheels drives the shaft from which
the motion of the lower pulley of the apparatus is derived. The driver and driven
wheels of this train have each the same number of teeth, so that the shafts will
have equal numbers of revolutions in equal periods.
The differential motion consists of four bevil or mitre wheels geared together,
two of which are carried on the shaft before referred to, while the other two are
mounted within and at right angles to a spur wheel carried on the same shaft.
This spur wheel is driven by a compound train of wheels also from the same shaft.
The first wheel of this train has 40 teeth, and drives another [with 240 teeth
ID 31

page_text: on the same stud; with this wheel is another having 110 teeth driving one with
100 teeth, and on the stud with this wheel is another having 35 teeth driving the
spur wheel of the differential motion. The numbers of the teeth may be varied
at will.
The outer bevil wheel of the differential motion is keyed upon its shaft, while 5
the other members of the group aro free to rotate upon their axes.
Secured to the
boss of the inner bevil wheel is the driving wheel of another simple train of wheels,
the driven being keyed upon the shaft from which the motion of the upper pulley
is derived. The sizes of the driver and of the driven in this train are equal.
The apparatus may be driven by means of pulleys, a positive being imparted to
the lower pulley through the two trains of wheels described, but I prefer to drive
it directly by means of toothed wheels so as to avoid the risk of the belts slipping
on the pulleys.
In spinning carded wool with the apparatus described in the Specification before
mentioned, it sometimes happens that the pressure exerted on the rollers is too
strong or too weak; in the former case the sliver is cut, and in the latter case it is
not properly caught and irregularities ensue. In order to obviate these defects the
pressure roller of the apparatus may be covered with cloth and leather so as to
form a cushion hetween the grooves of the fluted roller and the metallic surface of
the pressure roller.
In order to more readily regulate the pressure between the two rollers of the
apparatus, its body or ring has formed upon it two paps which are bored and
screwed. Two spindles with "cheese" heads are placed in the paps with their
heads in contact with the moveable presser roller bearings; spiral spring are then
pressed over the spindles and bear against their heads, and a short screw bored so
that the spindle may pass through it axially is screwed into each pap until it
comes in contact with and compresses the spiral spring.
The pressure between the rollers may then be increased by screwing the short
hollow screws further into the paps, or reduced by unscrewing them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Thomas Emmott in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th May 1882.
26
WILLIAM THOMAS EMMOTT, of the City of Manchester. IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES." A communication from
abroad by Eugene Appenzeller, of Mulhouse, in the German Empire.
These improvements relate to the apparatus to be employed in spinning wool
and other fibres, for which Letters Patent were granted to Maurice Bauer, dated
the Twenty fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty, No. 319, and have for their object the regulation of the
motion of the apparatus and of its alternating action upon the sliver.
In order that the said Invention may be the more readily understood and
carried into practical effect, I have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings illus-
trative of the improvements, and will now proceed to describe the same, reference
being had to such Drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon.
To accomplish the first of the objects above set forth a differential motion is
employed between the first motion shaft and the apparatus, consisting of a group
of bevil wheels B, C, Y, Z, Fig. 1, actuated by trains of change wheels. Upon the
first motion shaft is keyed the change wheel M, which through an intermediate
wheel drives another wheel K fixed upon the end of the differential motion shaft.
At the other end of this shaft is fixed a similar wheel A, which also by a train of.
wheels drives the shaft g from which the motion of the lower wheel of the
apparatus is derived. At the same end of the shaft and close to the wheel A is
keyed another similar wheel R which by a train of other wheels drives the shaft d,
from which the motion of the body of the apparatus is derived; this motion is
transmitted by means of the two pairs of bevel wheels W, A', and P, B'. This
arrangement is shewn in detail in Fig. 3. One of the pinions is fixed on the
shaft b, while the other is loose on the shaft b. The loose pinion shaft also
carries a spur wheel N¹ which gears with the loose wheel O' of the frame. At the
extremity of the shaft b' is fixed another spur wheel which gears into the
wheel S; the relations of these wheels to each other are such that for one revolution
of the shaft g and d the wheels of the apparatus and the apparatus itself shall
make a number of revolutions as nearly as possible equal to the number of
revolutions made by the original arrangement, but these relations may be varied
at will in accordance with the requirements of construction and working.
The differential motion before referred to consists of four bevil or mitre wheels
B, C, Y, Z, Fig. 1 geared together. The wheels B, C, are carried upon the shaft
which carries the wheels K, A, R, while the other two Y, Z, are mounted within
and at right angles to a spur wheel carried on the same shaft. This spur wheel is
driven by a compound train of wheels I, H, X, F, from the second motion shaft, or
shaft carrying the differential motion. The outer bevel wheel C is keyed upon its
shaft, while the other members of the group are free to rotate upon their shafts or
studs.
The apparatus may be driven by pulleys and belts, but I prefer the positive
motion hereinbefore described as obviating the great expense of bands, and securing
a superior quality of yarn with an increased production.
In spinning carded wool with the apparatus described in the Specification before
referred to, it sometimes happens that the pressure exerted on the rollers is too
strong or too weak; in the former case the sliver is cut, and in the latter case it is
not properly caught and irregularities ensue. In order to obviate these defects the

page_text: pressure roller 1, Fig. 2, of the apparatus may be covered with cloth and leather so
as to form a cushion between the grooves of the fluted roller 2, and the metallic
surface of the roller 1.
The more readily to regulate the pressure between the rollers 1 and 2 of the
apparatus, its body or ring 4 has formed upon it the pap 3 which is bored and
screwed. A spindle 5 with a cheese head is placed within the pap having its hoad
in contact with the movable presser roller bearing, a spiral spring then passed
over the spindle and bears against its head; a short screw 6 bored so that the
spindle may pass through it axially is then screwed into the pap until it comes in
contact with and compresses the spiral spring; the pressure between the rollers
may then be increased by screwing the short hollow screw further into the pap, or
be reduced by unscrewing them.
The numbers of teeth in the various wheels employed may be as under, but they
may be varied, as already set forth, without departing from the Invention. A. 40,
E 35, F 100, H 240, I 40, K 40, M 100, N 40, R 40, V 40, X 110, 115, m 60,
n 44, o 30, p 80, q, x, r 50, 8 30, t 15, u 110, C, B, Y, Z, 20 each; N 1, M 1,
48 each; A 1, B1, 25 each; P, W, 49 cach; and O 1, S 1, 36 each.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be performed, as communicated to me from abroad, I desire
it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details hereinbefore
described and illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, as the same
may be varied without departing from the Invention; but what I claim is,-
First. The method of driving the apparatus by means of toothed wheels without
the interposition of belts, substantially as herein set forth and described and illus-
trated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Second. The use of the differential gearing, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth and described and illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings.
Third. Covering one of the rollers with an elastic cushion of cloth and leather or
their substitutes.
Fourth. The method of regulating the pressure between the rollers by means of
the spindle, spiral spring, and screw, substantially as hereinbefore set forth and
described and illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
3
In witness whereof, I, the said William Thomas Emmott, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty day of May, in the year of our 3
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
117 m