AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING OR OBTAINING BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY SURFACES IN RELIEVO' AND 'INTAGLIO UPON ALUMINOUS, VITREOUS, METALLIC, OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to: Walter Bentley Woodbury, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Photographer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF PRODUCING OR OBTAINING BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY SURFACES
IN RELIEVO' AND 'INTAGLIO UPON ALUMINOUS, VITREOUS, METALLIC, OR
OTHER SUITABLE MATERIALS."
Sealed the 14th March 1865, and dated the 23rd September 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Bentley Woodbury
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1864.
I, WALTER- BENTLEY WOODBURY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING OR OBTAINING BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY,
SURFACES IN RELIEVO' AND 'INTAGLIO UPON ALUMINOUS, VITREOUS, METALLIC,
OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of producing surfaces in
"relievo" and "intaglio" (relief and depression) upon aluminous materials;
such as porcelain or other semi-transparent materials, so that when viewed as
a transparency, the varying thicknesses in the material will shew the picture
or design, or for the purpose of producing the "relievo" or "intaglio" in
any plastic or fusible material, so as to have the appearance of a "bas-relief"
or" intaglio," and the Invention is particularly useful in producing copies of
such articles.

page_text: The improvements consist in producing a first "mould," consisting
graduated thicknesses of material which are obtained or rendered from an
are a transcript of the lights and shadows in a photographic "negative;" th
first "mould" when procured is to be electrotyped (covered with a metalli
deposit) by the ordinary means, and from such metallic mould or "pattern" s
produced castings may be obtained in any fusible or plastic material. I woul
remark that the principle of producing a first "mould," having varyin
thicknesses obtained from and rendered by the lights and shadows of a pho
graphic "negative," constitutes the chief feature of the Invention, which being
accomplished, the formation of copies or reverses therefrom in any materia
becomes simple. I will therefore proceed to describe one method of obtaining
such first mould.
A solution of gelatine and sugar in proportion of about one part of sugar.to
eight parts of gelatine is to be dissolved and clarified with albumen (white of
egg), and then filtered. When required, add to the above a solution of
10 grains of bichromate of ammonia dissolved in one ounce of water, and
when these two solutions have combined and are nearly cool, spread them on
a sheet of clean glass to the thickness of th of an inch, and place away for 5
or 6 hours to cool and solidify, in which state cut the film or coating in pieces
and strip the pieces from the glass. The polished side which has been in
contact with the glass must now be laid on the negative, excluding all air
bubbles; the negative with the gelatine attached must then be placed in the
focus of the condenser of a solar camera or other condenser of the rays, by the
use of which the lines in the negative are produced as clearly at the back of
the gelatine as the front, the yellow color of the bichromatized gelatine not
allowing the rays to penetrate too far. When sufficiently exposed, which may
be known by the back of the gelatine being slightly depressed in the high
lights of the negative, the gelatine must be lifted from the negative and
fastened by india-rubber cement to a piece of stout card, coated with lac
varnish, and held under a stream of hot water until the not acted upon parts
are washed away. An image is thus produced, in which the lights are
depressed and the shadows raised. It must be allowed. to get the surface dry
and then brushed over with a soft brush with bronze powder to give it a
metallic coating, and then the subsequent, process-of-electrotyping and casting
is-to be performed by any ordinary method.
To reproduce a "bas-relief" or "intaglio," I make a solution of any
transparent color in water of such a strength that at 3 or 4 inches deep it
may be opaque, and let the "bas-relief" lie in this, so that by photographing
this a negative is obtained, in which the prominent parts are the lightest, and

page_text: the furthest parts the darkest; by printing from this negative a mould in
gelatine will be the result, from which a cast taken in plaster will be a copy
of the original.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
.
:
by the said Walter Bentley Woodbury in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd March 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WALTER
BENTLEY WOODBURY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Photo-
grapher, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors; give and grant unto
me, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, Her special license that I, the said
Walter Bentley Woodbury, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed; should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend; within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING OR OBTAINING BY THE
AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY SURFACES IN RELIEVO' AND 'INTAGLIO UPON ALUMINOUS,
VITREOUS, METALLIC, OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their; or
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed;
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
.
one of
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of producing surfaces in
"relievo" and "intaglio" (relief and depression) upon aluminous materials,

page_text: such as porcelain or other semi-transparent materials, so that when viewed as
a transparency, the varying thicknesses in the material will shew the picture
or design, or for the purpose of producing "relievo" or "intaglio." in any
plastic or fusible material, so as to have the appearance of a "bas-relief" or
"intaglio," and the Invention is particularly useful in producing copies of such
articles.
The improvements consist in producing first a "mould," consisting of
graduated thicknesses of material, which are obtained or rendered from and
are a transcript of the light and shadows in a photographic "negative;" this
"first mould" when procured is to be electrotyped (i.e., covered by a metallic
deposit) by ordinary means, and from such metallic "mould" or "pattern so
produced castings may be obtained in any fusible or plastic material. I
would remark that the principle of producing a "first mould," having varying
thicknesses obtained from or rendered by the lights and shadows of a photo-
graphic "negative," constitutes the chief feature of this part of the Invention,
which being accomplished, the formation of copies or reverses therefrom in
any material becomes simple. I will therefore proceed to describe one method
of obtaining such "first mould."
A solution of gelatine and sugar in proportion of about one part of sugar to
eight parts of gelatine is to be dissolved and clarified with albumen- (white of
egg), and then filtered. When required for use, add to every ounce of the
above a solution in water of ten grains of bichromate of ammonia, and when
these two solutions have combined and are nearly cool, spread them on a
sheet of clean glass to the thickness of about one-eighth of an inch; and place
away for five or six hours to cool and solidify, in which state cut the film or
coating into pieces, and strip the pieces from the glass. The polished side of
the solidified film or coating. which has been in contact with the glass must
now be laid on the negative (excluding all air bubbles). The negative with
the gelatine attached must then be placed in the focus of the condenser of a
solar camera or other condenser of the rays, by the use of which the lines in
the negative are produced as clearly at the back of the gelatine as the front,
the yellow color of the bichromatized gelatine not allowing the rays to
penetrate too far. Or another mode of operating upon the mixture of gelatine
and bichromate may be adopted, and in some cases will be found preferable.
The mixture may be spread to the depth of a sixteenth or an eighth of an inch a
on pieces of. tale lightly secured on to a plate of glass, and when the gelatine
is sufficiently "set," the talc and gelatine may best ripped from the glass, and
the talc side placed in contact with the photographic negative, through which
negative sunlight is caused to pass in nearly parallel rays by means of a

page_text: condensing lens, the negative being placed at a distance of from eighteen to
twenty-four inches beyond the focus of the said lens. Or the solution of
gelatine and bichromate may be thoroughly dried in a dessicating box, and
used in a dried state without the tale. When the solidified gelatine shall
have been sufficiently exposed (say in from half an hour to an hour), which
may be known by the back of the gelatine being slightly depressed in the high
lights of the negative, the gelatine should be lifted from the negative and
fastened by, india-rubber cement to a piece of stout card coated with lac
varnish, and held under a stream of hot water until the parts not acted upon
are washed away; or when talc is used, the talc holding the gelatinous coating
must be placed in warm water to dissolve the soluble portions, an image is
thus produced in which the lights are depressed and the shadows raised.
The gelatine must then be allowed to get "surface dry," and in cases where
talc is employed as above described, the talc to which it is attached should be
secured to a plate of glass of somewhat larger dimensions, and retained in its
position by strips of copper passing around the wedges, to one of which strips
a copper wire is to be attached. The surface of the gelatine is then to be
brushed over or otherwise coated with bronze powder, plumbago, or silver
precipitated in metallic form, it may then be subjected to the process of
electrotyping by placing it in a solution of sulphate of copper, the wire then
being connected to an ordinary electrotyping battery, where it is allowed to,
remain until it becomes coated with copper to the thickness of about the
sixteenth of an inch or more. When the copper coating is removed from the
gelatine the mould is obtained, which may then be mounted in lead or gutta
percha (which latter I prefer), and used to produce repetitions or copies in any
semi-transparent material; for example, transparencies may be made there-
from by forcing semi-transparent porcelain into the mould, which when
removed must be kilned or hardened; or a semi-transparent mixture or
solution of gelatine and color may be forced into the mould and transferred to
paper, linen, talc, glass, or porcelain; for a foundation; or colored glass in a
state of fusion may be poured into the mould and allowed to harden, but the
substances in which the copies or repetitions may be formed are immaterial,
so that they are semi-transparent and capable of rendering a transcript of the
lights and shadows of a photographic negative by the "relievo" and "intaglio "
or varying thicknesses of the said semi-transparent materials. To produce a
"bas-relief" or "intaglio," I take a solution of any transparent color in water
of such a strength that at three or four inches deep it may be opaque, and let
the "bas-relief" lie in this, so that by photographing this a negative is
obtained, in which the prominent parts are the lightest, and the furthest parts

page_text: the darkest; by printing from this negative a mould in gelatine will be the
result, from which a cast taken in plaster or fusible material will be a copy of
the original.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion
that I am aware that the production of a "first mould" having a raised and
depressed surface in gelatine as a transcript of a photographic negative has
'been previously made, but the result has not hitherto been practically
successful, I therefore do not claim the general principle of producing the
transcript of the negative in bichromatized gelatine, but I claim its appli-
cation in the manner herein-before described, to effect the objects-herein
before mentioned.
.In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, have liereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five..."
WALTER BENTLEY WOODBURY. (L.S.)
Witnessed by.
JOHN L. DAVIES,
Office for Patents,
Manchester,
Agent to the Patentee.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Bentley Woodbury, of Manchester, in the
County of: Lancaster, Photographer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF PRODUCING OR OBTAINING BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY SURFACES
IN RELIEVO AND. 'INTAGLIO' UPON ALUMINOUS, VITREOUS, METALLIC, OR
OTHER SUITABLE MATERIALS."
Sealed the 14th March 1865, and dated the 23rd September 1864,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Bentley Woodbury
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1864.
I, WALTER BENTLEY WOODBURY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING OR OBTAINING BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY,
SURPACES IN RELIEVO" AND "INTAGLIO UPON ALUMINOUS, VITREOUS, METALLIC,
OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of producing surfaces in
"relievo "and" intaglio" (relief and depression) upon aluminous materials;
such as porcelain or other semi-transparent materials, so that when viewed as
a transparency, the varying thicknesses in the material will shew the picture
or design, or for the purpose of producing the "rélievo" or "intaglio"" in
any plastic or fusible material, so as to have the appearance of a bas-relief"
or intaglio," and the Invention is particularly useful in producing copies of
such articles.

page_text: The improvements consist in producing a first "mould," consisting of
graduated thicknesses of material which are obtained or rendered from and
are a transcript of the lights and shadows in a photographic "negative;" this
first "mould" when procured is to be electrotyped (covered with a metallic
deposit) by the ordinary means, and from such metallic mould or "pattern" so
produced castings may be obtained in any fusible or plastic material. I would
remark that the principle of producing a first "mould," having varying
thicknesses obtained from and rendered by the lights and shadows of a pho-
graphic "negative," constitutes the chief feature of the Invention, which being
accomplished, the formation of copies or reverses therefrom in any material
becomes simple. I will therefore proceed to describe-one-method of obtaining
such first mould.
A solution of gelatine and sugar in proportion of about one part of sugar to
eight parts of gelatine is to be dissolved and clarified with albumen (white of
egg), and then filtered. When required, add to the above a solution of
10 grains of bichromate of ammonia dissolved in one ounce of water, and
when these two solutions have combined and are nearly cool, spread them on
a sheet of clean glass to the thickness of th of an incl, and place away for 5
or 6 hours to cool and solidify, in which state "cut the film or coating in pieces
and strip the pieces from the glass. The polished side which has been in
contact with the glass must now be laid on the negative, excluding all air
bubbles; the negative with the gelatine attached must then be placed in the
focus of the condenser of a solar camera or other condenser of the rays, by the
use of which the lines in the negative are produced as clearly at the back of
the gelatine as the front, the yellow color of the bichromatized gelatine not
allowing the rays to penetrate too far. When sufficiently exposed, which may
be known by the back of the gelatine being slightly depressed in the high
lights of the negative, the gelatine must be lifted from the negative and
fastened by india-rubber cement to a piece of stout card, coated with lac
varnish, and held under a stream of hot water until the not acted upon parts
are washed away. An image is thus produced, in which the lights are
depressed and the shadows, raised. It must be allowed to get the surface dry
and then, brushed over with a soft, brush with bronze powder to give it. a
metallic coating, and then the subsequent process of electrotyping and casting
is to be performed by any ordinary method.
To reproduce a, "bas-relief" or "intaglio," I make a solution of any
transparent color in water of such a strength that at 3 or 4 inches deep it
may be opaque; and let the "bas-relief" lie in this, so that by photographing
this a negative is obtained, in which the prominent parts are the lightest, and

page_text: the furthest parts the darkest; by printing from this negative a mould in
gelatine will be the result, from which a cast taken in plaster will be a copy
of the original.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Walter Bentley Woodbury in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd March 1865.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, .I, WALTER
BENTLEY WOODBURY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Photo-
grapher, send greeting.
:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight-hundred and sixty-four, in-the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, Her special license that I, the said
Walter Bentley Woodbury, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Walter Bentley: Woodbury, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter. during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING OR OBTAINING BY THE
AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY SURFACES IN RELIEVO' AND 'INTAGLIO' UPON ALUMINOUS,
VITREOUS, METALLIC, OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly. described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
.
The Invention is designed for the purpose of producing surfaces in
"relievo" and "intaglio" (relief and depression) upon aluminous materials,

page_text: .
such as porcelain or other semi-transparent materials, so that when viewed as
a transparency, the varying thicknesses in the material will shew the picture
or design, or for the purpose of producing "relievo" or "intaglio " in any
plastic or fusible material, so as to have the appearance of a "bas-relief" or
"intaglio," and the Invention is particularly useful in producing copies of such
articles.
The improvements consist in producing first a "mould," consisting of
graduated thicknesses of material, which are obtained or rendered from and
are a transcript of the light and shadows in a photographic "negative;" this
"first mould" when procured is to be electrotyped (i.e., covered by a metallic
deposit) by ordinary means, and from such metallic" mould" or pattern so
produced castings may be obtained in any fusible or plastic material. I
would remark that the principle of producing a "first mould," having varying
thicknesses obtained from or rendered by the lights and shadows of a photo-
graphic "negative," constitutes the chief feature of this part of the Invention,
which being accomplished, the formation. of copies or reverses therefrom in
any material becomes simple. I will therefore proceed to describe one method
of obtaining such "first mould."
A solution of gelatine and 'sugar in proportion of about one part of sugar to
eight parts of gelatine is to be dissolved and clarified with albumen (white of
egg), and then filtered. When required for use, add to every ounce of the
above a solution in water of ten grains of bichromate of ammonia, and when
these two 'solutions have combined and are nearly cool, spread them on a
sheet of clean glass to the thickness of about one-eighth of an inch, and place
away for five or six hours to cool and solidify, in which state cut the film or
coating into pieces, and strip the pieces from the glass: The polished side of
the solidified film or coating which has been in contact with the glass must
now be laid on the negative (excluding all air bubbles). The negative with
the gelatine attached must then be placed in the focus of the condenser of a
solar camera or other condenser of the rays, by the use of which the lines in
the negative are produced as clearly at the back of the gelatine as the front,
the yellow color of the bichromatized gelatine not allowing the rays to
penetrate too far. Or another mode of operating upon the mixture of gelatine
and bichromate may be adopted, and-in some cases will be found preferable.
The mixture may be spread to the depth of a sixteenth or an eighth of an inch
on pieces of talc lightly secured on to a plate of glass, and when the gelatine
is sufficiently "set," the tale and gelatine may best ripped from the glass, and
the talc side placed' in contact with the photographic negative, through which
negative sunlight is caused to pass in nearly parallel rays by means of a

page_text: condensing lens, the negative being placed at a distance of from eighteen to
twenty-four inches beyond the focus of the said lens. Or the solution of
gelatine and bichromate may be thoroughly dried in a dessicating box, and
used in a dried state without the tale. When the solidified gelatine shall
have been sufficiently exposed (say in from half an hour to an hour), which
may be known by the back of the gelatine being slightly depressed in the bigh
lights of the negative, the gelatine should be lifted from the negative and
fastened by india-rubber cement to a piece of stout card coated with lac
varnish, and held under a stream of hot water until the parts not acted upon
are washed away; or when tale is used, the talc holding the gelatinous coating
must be placed in warm water to dissolve the soluble portions, an image is
thus produced in which the lights are depressed and the shadows raised.
The gelatine must then be allowed to get." surface dry," and in cases where
tale is employed as above described, the talc to which it is attached should be
secured to a plate of glass of somewhat larger dimensions; and retained in its
position by strips of copper passing around the wedges, to one of which strips
a copper wire is to be attached. The surface of the gelatine is then to be
brushed over or otherwise coated with bronze powder, plumbago, or silver
precipitated in metallic form, it may then be subjected to the process of
electrotyping by placing it in a solution of sulphate of copper, the wire then
being connected to an ordinary electrotyping battery, where it is allowed to
remain until it becomes coated with copper to the thickness of about the
sixteenth of an inch or more. When the copper coating is removed from the
gelatine the mould is obtained, which may then be mounted in lead or gutta
percha (which latter I prefer), and used to produce repetitions or copies in any
semi-transparent material; for example, transparencies may be made there-
from by forcing semi-transparent porcelain into the mould, which when
removed must be kilned or hardened; or a semi-transparent mixture or
solution of gelatine and color may be forced into the mould and transferred to
paper, linen, talc, glass, or porcelain, for a foundation; or colored glass in a
state of fusion may be poured into the mould and allowed to harden, but the
substances in which the copies or repetitions may be formed are immaterial,
so that they are semi-transparent and capable of rendering a transcript of the
lights and shadows of a photographic negative by the "relievo" and "intaglio
or varying thicknesses of the said semi-transparent materials. To produce a
"bas-relief" or "intaglio," I take a solution of any transparent color in water
of such a strength that at three or four inches deep it may be opaque, and let
the "bas-relief" lie in this, so that by photographing this a negative is
obtained, in which the prominent parts are the lightest, and the furthest parts

page_text: the darkest; by printing from this negative a mould in gelatine will be the
result, from which a cast taken in plaster or fusible material will be a copy of
the original.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion
that I am aware that the production of a "first mould" having a raised and
depressed surface in gelatine as a transcript of a photographic negative has
been previously made, but the result has not hitherto been practically
'successful, I therefore do not claim the general principle of producing the
transcript of the negative in bichromatized gelatine, but I claim-its-appli-
cation in the manner herein-before described,-to-effect the objects herein-
before mentioned.
_In-witness whereof, I, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five."
WALTER BENTLEY WOODBURY.
BURY. (L.S.)
Witnessed by
JOHN L. DAVIES,
Office for Patents,
Manchester,
Agent to the Patentee.

page_text: $
BURY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Photographer, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING OR OBTAINING
BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY SURFACES IN RELIEVO' AND 'INTAGLIO'
UPON ALUMINOUS, VITREOUS, METALLIC, OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIALS,"
bearing date the Twenty-third day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
filed by the Patentec, Walter Bentley Woodbury, in. the Great Seal
Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same relates, according
to the Statutes in that case made and provided.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, the said
WALTER BENTLEY WOODBURY, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, and in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did grant unto me, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, the sole privilege to make, use, exercise,
and vend my Invention for an "IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING OR OBTAINING
BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY SURFACES IN 'RELIEVO' AND 'INTAGLIO' UPON
ALUMINOUS, VITREOUS, METALLIC, OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIALS," within the
[Price Sd.]

page_text: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the
Isle of Man, during the term of fourteen years thence next ensuing: And
whereas, in pursuance of a condition in the said Letters Patent contained. I
caused a Specification in writing under my hand and seal, particularly describing
and ascertaining my said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within the-time and in
the manner prescribed in the said condition: And whereas after the date of my
application for the said Letters Patent, I discovered that a "first mould." of
bichromatized gelatine having various thicknesses obtained from and rendered by
the lights and shadows of a photographic-negative had before the date of my
said Letters Patent been used experimentally, but not for the purposes of my
Invention, and after such discovery I intended to alter the Specification
which I had prepared to be filed, in pursuance of the said condition, so as to
disclaim or not to import any separate claim to the producing of a "first
mould" of bichromatized gelatine, and I accordingly inserted a statement
near the end of my said Specification that I did not claim the general
principle of producing the transcript of the negative in bichromatized gelatine,
but by inadvertence and contrary to my intention words were allowed to
remain in another part of my said Specification which import a claim to the
principle of producing a "first mould" in bichromatized gelatine as con-
stituting part of my Invention. comprised in the said Letters Patent: And
whereas I, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, have been advised that the
words inadvertently allowed to remain in my said Specification as above
mentioned may be deemed to render my claim of Invention contradictory
and ambiguous, and I have also discovered that some clerical errors have
been committed in preparing the engrossment of my said Specification: And
whereas I am desirous of correcting the mistakes contained in my said
Specification by disclaiming the said words so inadvertently allowed to remain
therein, and altering the said Specification and the description therein con-
tained, in manner herein-after expressed.
$6
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter Bentley Woodbury, for the
reasons aforesaid, and by and with the leave of Her Majesty's Solicitor General,
do hereby disclaim the following_words, "constitutes the chief feature of this
part of the Invention." contained in my said Specification, and occurring in
the fifteenth line of page four thereof as printed by Her Majesty's Printers;
and I alter the said Specification in the manner following, that is to say,
after the words "plastic material" occurring in the twelfth line of page four of my
Specification printed as aforesaid, I insert the words "since I applied for my
*said Letters Patent:" and -in-line thirteen of the said page I crase the words

page_text: So erase the word
theretore Occurring
in the seventeenth line of the same page in the said printed Specification,
and in the eighteenth line of the said page I insert the word "the" in
lieu of the word "such." and at the end of the said eighteenth line
I add the words "suitable for producing castings in fusible or plastic
materials."
And further alter and amend the clerical errors contained in the said
Specification as follows, that is to say, I alter the said Specification by intro-
ducing the word "sun's" by accident omitted before the word "rays," as
occurring in the thirtieth line of page 4 of the said printed copy of my said
Specification; and by inserting the word "desiccating" in lieu of the word
"dessicating" appearing in the third line of page five of the said copy
Specification, and at the end of the ninth line of the said page I add the
words by the light" accidently omitted from the said Specification and in
the sixteenth line of the same page I erase the word "wedges," and insert
in lieu thereof the word "edges:" and in the twenty-ninth line of the said
page 1 insert the word "poured" in lieu of the word "forced;" and in the
thirty-fifth line of the said page I insert the word "reproduce" in lieu of the
word produce:" and in the first line of page 6 of the .said Specification so
printed insert after the word "negative" the words "in a solar camera."
And in the sixth line of page 6 of the said Specification as printed by Her
Majesty's Printers I erase the words "the production of;" and in the eighth
line of the said page 6 I insert the words "for other purposes immediately
after the word "made."
And with the leave aforesaid, and for the reasons aforesaid, and in order to
make the effect of this present Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
more easily understood. I do hereby declare that my said Specification shall
be and the same is hereby altered, so that the same shall describe and
ascertain my said Invention in the words following. that is to say:-
The invention is designed for the purpose of producing surfaces in
"relievo" and "intaglio" (relief and depression) upon aluminous materials,

page_text: such as porcelain or other semi-transparent materials, so that when viewed as
a transparency the varying thicknesses in the material will show the picture
or "intaglio" in any
or design, or for the purpose of producing "relievo "
plastic or fusible material, so as to have the appearance of a "bas-relief"
or "intaglio," and the Invention is particularly useful in producing copies of
such articles.
The improvements consist in producing, first, a "mould" consisting of
graduated thicknesses of material which are obtained or rendered from and
are a transcript of the light and shadows in a photographic "negative." This
"first mould" when procured is to be electrotyped (i.e. covered by a
metallic deposit) by ordinary means, and from such metallic mould" or
or plastic
pattern so produced castings may be obtained in any fusible
material. Since I applied for my said Letters Patent I have discovered that
the principle of producing a "first mould" of bichromatized gelatine having
varying thicknesses obtained from or rendered by the lights and shadows of a
photographic "negative" had before the date of my said Letters Patent been
used experimentally, but not for the purposes of my Invention. I do not.
"first
therefore, intend to make any separate claim to the production of a
mould" in bichromatized gelatine. The production of the mould being
accomplished, the formation of copies or reverses therefrom in any material
becomes simple. I will proceed to describe one method of obtaining the
"first mould" suitable for producing castings in fusible or plastic materials.
A solution of gelatine and sugar, in proportion of about one part of sugar to
eight parts of gelatine, is to be dissolved and clarified with albumen (white of
egg) and then filtered. When required for use add to every ounce of the
above solution in water of ten grains of bichromate of ammonia, and when
these two solutions have combined and are nearly cool spread them on a
sheet of clean glass to the thickness of about one-eighth of an inch, and place
away for five or six hours to cool and solidify, in which state, cut the film or
The polished side of
coating into pieces, and strip the pieces from the glass.
the solidified film or coating which has been in contact with the glass must-
now be laid on the negative (excluding all air bubbles). The negative, with
the gelatine attached, must then be placed in the focus of the condenser of a
solar camera, or other condenser of the sun's rays. by use of which the
lines in the negative are produced as clearly at the back of the gelatine as
the-front, the yellow color of the bichromatized gelatine not allowing the rays
to penetrate too far. Or another mode of operating upon the mixture of
gelatine and bichromate may be adopted, and in some cases will be found
preferable. The mixture may be spread to the depth of a sixteenth or an
i

page_text: eighth of an inch on pieces of talc lightly secured on to a plate of glass, and
when the gelatine is sufficiently set the tale and gelatine may be stripped
from the glass and the talc side placed in contact with the photographic
negative, through which negative sunlight is caused to pass in nearly parallel
rays by means of a condensing lens; the negative being placed at a distance
of from eighteen to twenty-four inches beyond the focus of the said lens; or
the solution of gelatine and bichromate may be thoroughly dried in a
desiccating box, and used in a dried state without the tale. When the
solidified gelatine shall have been sufficiently exposed (say, in from half an
hour to an hour), which may be known by the back of the gelatine being
slightly depressed in the high lights of the negative, the gelatine should be
lifted from the negative and fastened by india-rubber cement to a piece of
stout card coated with lac varnish, and held under a stream of hot water until
the parts not acted upon by the light arc washed away; or when talc is used
the talc holding the gelatinous coating must be placed in warm water to
dissolve the soluble portions; an image is thus produced in which the lights
are depressed and the shadows raised. The gelatine must then be allowed to
get surface dry." and in cases where talc is employed, as above described,
the talc to which it is attached should be secured to a plate of glass of some-
what larger dimensions, and retained in its position by strips of copper passing
around the edges, to one of which strips a copper wire is to be attached. The
surface of the gelatine is then to be brushed over, or otherwise coated with
bronze powder, plumbago, or silver precipitated in metallic form; it may
then be subjected to the process of electrotyping by placing it in a solution of
sulphate of copper, the wire then being connected to an ordinary electro-
typing battery, where it is allowed to remain until it becomes coated with
copper io the thickness of about the sixteenth of an inch or more. When
the copper coating is removed from the gelatine the mould is obtained, which
may then be mounted in lead or gutta percha (which latter I prefer) and
used to produce repetitions or copies in any semi-transparent material; for
example, transparencies may be made therefrom by forcing semi-transparent
porcelain into the mould, which when removed must be kilned or hardened,
or a semi-transparent mixture or solution of gelatine and color may be poured
into the mould and transferred to paper, linen, talc, glass, or porcelain for a
foundation, or colored glass in a state of fusion may be poured into the mould
and allowed to harden; but the substances in which the copies or repetitions
may be formed are immaterial, so that they are semi-transparent and capable
of rendering a transcript of the lights and shadows of a photographic negative
by the "relievo" and "intaglio," or varying thicknesses of the said semi-

page_text: transparent materials. To reproduce a "bas-relief" or intaglio" I take a
solution of any transparent color in water of such a strength that at three or
four inches deep it may be opaque, and let the bas-relief" lie in this, so
that by photographing this a negative is obtained in which the prominent parts
are the lightest, and the furthest parts the darkest by printing from this
negative in a solar camera a mould in gelatine will be the result, from which
a cast, taken in plaster or fusible material will be a copy of the original.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark in con-
clusion that I am aware that a first mould having a raised and depressed
surface in gelatine as a transcript of a photographic negative has been pre-
viously made for other purposes, but the result has not hitherto been
practically successful; therefore do not claim the general principle of
producing the first mould" or transcript of the negative in bichromatized
gelatine, but I claim its application in the manner herein-before described to
effect the objects herein-before mentioned.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Bentley. Woodbury, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the within-named Walter Bentley
Woodbury to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification
to which the same relates, the above-written Amended Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration.