MACHINE WHICH PERFORMS ITS OPERATIONS EITHER BY FIRE OR FALL OF WATER, OR BOTH, AND THE FRICTION IS THEREBY REDUCED SO AS TO HAVE NO SOLID BODIES TO BOB BUT THE INJECTING VAPOUR AND WATER COCKS OR SLUICES, WHEREBY THERE WILL BE A SAVING OF ABOUT ONE THIRD OF FORCE; THAT MY SAID INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED TO ALL SORTS OF MILLS SUCH AS GRINDING CORN, ROLLING, WINDING UP MATERIALS FOR MINES, RAISING WATER WITH CRANKS, AND MANY OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1766

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BLAKEY, of the Parish of Saint Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
the Tenth day of June, in the sixth year of His reign, and now last past,
did give and grant unto me, the said William Blakey, His especial license,
full power, sole priviledge and authority, that I, the said William Blackey, my
exors, adiñors, and assigns, should and might, during the term of years therein
expressed, make, use, exercise, and vend, throughout that part of His Majesty's
Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in His Colonies and Plantations in America,
my new Invented "MACHINE WHICH PERFORMS ITS OPERATIONS EITHER BY FIRE OR
FALL OF WATER, OR BOTH, AND THE FRICTION IS THEREBY REDUCED SO AS TO HAVE NO
SOLID BODIES TO BOB BUT THE INJECTING VAPOUR AND WATER COCKS OR SLUICES,
WHEREBY THERE WILL BE A SAVING OF ABOUT ONE THIRD OF FORCE; THAT MY SAID
INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED TO ALL SORTS OF MILLS, SUCH AS GRINDING CORN, ROLLING,
WINDING UP MATERIALS FOR MINES, RAISING WATER WITH CRANKS, AND MANY OTHER
USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said recited Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said William Blakey, by writing under my hand and seal,
to cause a description of my said Invention to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within four calendar months from the date of the

page_text: said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto
had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Blakey, do hereby declare that my said Invention is made and
performed in manner following (that is to say) :-
The machine operated by fire is made and performed in the manner and
according to the draft hereunder drawn and delineated marked No. 1, and
herein-after particularly described and explained (that is to say) :-A, a vessell
into which the sucktion pipe comes from the well; M, a pipe that has a valve
to hinder the water from returning back. This vessel is filled by the funnel G,
which has a cock to be shut as soon as the water is in; then the fire must be
put under the boiler D, which forces the vapour through the cock F into the
cylander B, and drives the air into the vessell C, which has a valve, and goes
out at the cock H. The air being out, H to be shut, by which time the
cylander is hot with vapour from the boiler, after which the injecting cock E
is turned, and lets cold water into the cylander upon the culander O, to chil it,
which condensation causes the water to rise in the pipe M into the vessel A,
and through the pipe L into the cylander B, which, being full, G and H to be
opened, G to give air, and H to let out the comprest air which is in C, and
which hinders the water in the cylander from descending into the vessel C,
then the cocks G and H to be shut, and F opened, to let the vapour out of
the boiler D into the cylander B, whereby the pressure of the air in B forces
the water up the pipe N to any height that shall be thought fit.
This Invention not only consists in the different modes (which may be as
shall be thought fit or required) of applying the cylanders and vessells, but in
the principle of compressibility of air and oil floating over the water in the
vessels which contain it, to serve as a disk between the cold water and the
hot vapour, the want whereof always converts the steam into water as soon as
it touches the cold fluid, and this may be done either with or without the
boiler, and injected from the bottom or top of the cylander, according to the
situation of the place where the machine is, and worked by hand and by
machinery. The machine without a boiler is also applied in the following
manner the cylander is air-tight, and has a pipe near half the diameter
thereof, also air-tight, and fastned to the bottom; at the under end of the pipe
is a flanch, to which is screwed a bottom, with a hole in its middle, to let in the
injecting pipe six or more inches; a few inches lower than the orifice of the
injecting cap or spout is placed a small air pipe, fastened to the side of the
great pipe which comes from the cylander, and fastened to the top of a vertical
receiver, which has a valve in its bottom to hinder the water then risen from

page_text: returning. The receiver has an air cock and pipes at the bottom, which turn
up to throw the water to any height required, and have one or more valves to
hinder the water so forced up from returning. This machine is set at work,
first, by injecting some water into the cylander, and then putting the fire under
it, which presently heats, from having the fire surrounding it, to the top, whereby
the steam is dilated to a greater degree than by a boiler. The steam or vapour
forced through the air pipe expels the air in the receiver through the air cock
which is then shut, and the injecting one turned to let in a jet of cold water
into the cylander. The jet causes a vacuum immediately, and so raises the
water in the receiver. When the water is up, the air cock is opened to let in a
quantity of air which is intercepted by shutting the air and injecting cocks,
whereby the vapour rises in the cylander, and so forces through the air pipe
upon the oil floating upon the water in the receiver, which forces the water up
the pipes to the place desired, and is worked hand or machinery as a fire
engine. The steam to press upon the oil to push the water is applied in
various ways, so as not to condense the hot vapour immediately, according to
various circumstances, all consisting in the proper adapting the use of their
condensation, dilatation, or explosion, oil and air jointly or seperately, as shall
be required or found necessary. The machine to act as a mill by fall of water
as aforesaid has a cylander with an arber, to which is fastened round its cir-
cumference a horizontal square trough of a foot, more or less, broad. The
cylander is of a given diameter and length in proportion the fall of water, and
the trough divided into as many divisions, and distant as far from each other
as shall be necessary from each division. Round the cylander runs down on an
oblique plan a square worm open at the top, which receives all the water that
has struck each division, and acts again by its weight, so that as long as the
water runs the arber turns, to which can be applied any machinery and all
kinds of mills as shall be thought fit. The machine acting by compressibility
of air and fall of water, or from the tide, to raise water to any heighth, is made
and performed in manner and according to the draft hereunder drawn and
delineated, marked No. 2, and herein-after particularly described and explained
(that is to say): A and B, vessels, air-tight, one above the other; C and D,
pipes affixed thereto; A is first filled with water, which falls down C, and fills
the vessell, B, whereby the air in it is forced into the vessel A by the pipe D,
which air, by pressing upon the surface of the water in A, forces it up the
pipe E, and so it is poured into another vessel, also air-tight, which repeats the
same operations as the first. By this manner of raising water by steps or
cascades it can be carried to make fountains or jets of any height, with a fall
of water of a moderate height; but if the first fall be great, the repititions are

page_text: less, accordingly. This machine is worked by letting the water by valves or
cocks into the upper vessels, and turning the cocks to let out the water from
the under vessel, which is done by hand or machinery.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Blakey, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and sixty-six.
Inrolled the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand seven hundred and sixty-six.