IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Marie Augustin Léon Chalory, of No. 6, Rue Thérèse,
Paris, in the Republic of France, at present residing at the Cannon Street
Hotel, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 5th December 1879, and dated the 15th September 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Marie Augustin Léon
Chalory at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September
1879.
MARIE AUGUSTIN LÉON CHALORY, of No. 6, Rue Thérèse, Paris, in the Republic
of France, at present residing at the Cannon Street Hotel, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS FOR LIGHTING
AND HEATING PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for making gas
for lighting and heating purposes, and the improvements relate to apparatus for
carburetting atmospheric air to produce an inflammable mixture to replace the coal
gas now ordinarily used.
The apparatus consists of a system of wheel work driven by a cord and weight
or by a spring; the wheel work gives a rocking motion to a lever. The opposite
ends of this lever compress alternately two half spheres of india rubber or other
form of blowers, and thereby force air into a bellows like reservoir acted upon by
a spring which serves to maintain a constant and uniform pressure of air. The
air passes from this reservoir to a carburettor formed with tortuous passages to
keep the air for a sufficient length of time in contact with the liquid to effect the
required carburetting; the lower part of the passages are kept filled to a constant
level with naptha or petroleum oil or other like liquid. The air carburetted to the
required degree passes from the carburettor into a gasometer or flexible gas reservoir
in which the required pressure is maintained by weights or springs.
Preferably the wheel work and air pumps are placed at the bottom of the
apparatus. Above this is placed the air reservoir; above this the carburetter, and
also the cistern or reservoir in which the supply of carburetting liquid is stored,
and at the top of the apparatus the gasometer.

page_text: The level of liquid in the carburettor is maintained constant by the carburettor
being in connection with a small chamber into which the liquid is admitted from
a cistern or reservoir by a cock opened and closed by a floating ball in the
chamber.
The air forced by the pumps to the air reservoir, and so to the carburettor,
escapes into the carburettor through what I call a diffuser placed within the car-
burettor and partially immersed in the liquid therein, the diffuser is a hemispherical
vessel, within which is a second vessel closed at bottom with a porous cloth. The
air entering escapes through the cloth and forces the liquid as a fine rain into the
hemispherical vessel.
By keeping the level of the liquid always the same in the carburettor the
carburetting of the air will always be the same. The carburettor is completely
enveloped with wire gauze to avoid all chance of accidental explosion.
The carburetting of the air only takes place as it is consumed, for when the taps
of the burners are all closed the air pumps or blowers cease to work.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed, by
the said Marie Augustin Léon Chalory in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th March 1880.
MARIÉ AUGUSTIN LÉON CHALORY, of No. 6, Rue Thérèse, Paris, in the Republic
of France, at present residing at the Cannon Street Hotel, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS FOR LIGHTING
AND HEATING PURPOSES."
The object of the mechanism represented in the annexed Drawings is to carburise
atmospheric air so as to produce with it a mixture to replace gas for lighting and
heating.
The apparatus (see Figures 1, 2, and 3) is composed of a clock movement a,
worked by means of a weight or of a spring, and which compresses two india
rubber spheres or bottles b and 6' blowing air into the reservoir c. This reservoir
serves to equalise the pressure. The air passing out of the reservoir enters the
carburetter d, and traverses all the internal passages of the carburetter, which is
charged with a carburising essential oil. The air issues completely carburetted,
and in this state passes into the regulating reservoir e, from whence the gas is
distributed by ordinary gas pipes.
Description of the different organs of which the combined apparatus is
composed.
The clock work a (moved either by a weight or by a spring) actuates by means
of a pin wheel 3, two compressing arms 9 and g' acting on them alternately
through two curved levers f, and these operate the compressors, obliging them to
compress the two india rubber spheres or bottles b and b¹, which are furnished with
double valves h and h¹ controlling the inlet and outlet passages.
The reservoir c, upon which the spring i presses, should be completely air tight,
and is rendered impermeable.
The carburetter d represented by the Figures 4, 5, and 6 is composed of a
diffuser j, which is intended to commence the carburizing of the atmospheric air;
the air entering the diffuser raises by its pressure the carburising essential oil con-
tained in the apparatus up to the line k, and forcing it through a cloth / transforms
it into a rain or spray, and so facilitates the saturation of the air. The air so
charged enters into the carburetter properly so called in the chamber m, which is
furnished with a number of cotton wicks dipping into the liquid. These wicks are
intended to increase the evaporating surface to effect a rapid saturation of the air.
The carburetter is connected with the reservoir n containing the essential oils
by a pipe, in which is the inlet cock p, controlled by a float o on a lever arm. In
this manner the quantity of liquid in the carburetter is kept always the same, and
the air is equally carburetted.
The regulating gas supply reservoir e (see Figures 7, 8, and 9) is composed of a
metallic chamber in communication with a cap of caoutchouc, which is so covered
as to keep it from contact with the gas. A metal plate provided with a hollow
cone is attached to the cap, and it moves in the hole by which the reservoir com-
municates with the cap, and by which the gas passes to the burners.
The carburetter is constructed in such a manner as to maintain the air in
contact with the carburettive oil for the time necessary for it to become entirely
carburetted, and when burning it gives a light superior to that produced by the gas
generally supplied by gas lighting companies. I so arrange also that if the gas is
not sufficiently good, or if of too good a quality, the internal galleries can be
lengthened or shortened according as the air may be too little or too much
carburetted.
I reserve the right to use either the blowing machine shown or other equivalent
apparatus, also to make the bellows and air reservoir of such form and dimensions

page_text: as may seem necessary to me. In case of the apparatus being used in cold
latitudes I reserve to myself to use a termo-syphon which would enable me to give
the necessary temperature to the carburettive oil, also to use a metallic covering
for the carburetter, the use of this metallic covering being to prevent any accident
which might happen from an escape.
I claim as my Invention the carburetter in which the oil is maintained
automatically at a constant level.
I claim further as my Invention the blowing machine with compressing arm,
the position and number of wheels, and the operation of the two blowing half
spheres.
The advantages of this method other than the cost, which, considering its lighting
power is much less than the price of gas ordinarily supplied by the companies, is to
enable private consumers to have gasometers in their houses without the slightest
danger from explosion, the gas not being explosive.
It is to be remarked that this apparatus produces carburetted air only as it is
consumed, for the burners being closed the carburetted air not finding an outlet,
the blowing apparatus being no longer able to operate, stops the moving power a,
which is ready to work again as soon as the carburetted air finds an outlet.
In witness whereof, I, the said Marié Augustin Léon Chalory, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
L. CHALORY. (L.S.)