IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
BEART, of Godmanchester, in the County of Huntingdon, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Robert Beart, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Robert Beart, my
exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Beart, my
exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Beart,
my exors, adiiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Robert Beart, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at.large appear..

page_text: Robert Deart, do nereby declare that the nature of my
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a brick for building purposes, made by forcing brick
earth through a moulding orifice having a series of cores to form holes in the
brick, the object being to obtain a lighter brick, and one that will burn better.
In carrying out this part of my Invention I use the machine hereafter described,
or any other arrangement suitable for making bricks by passing brick earth
through moulding orifices. The nature of the holes x, x, of the brick may.
be varied, but I prefer that they should be as shewn. The brick earth is
forced through the die Z, which is to be placed in any suitable machine.
Another part of my Invention consists in making holes or recesses into the
ends of drain tiles or pipes, in order to receive wood or metal pegs to retain
the tiles or pipes to the same level with each other. When drain tiles or
pipes have been made, and before burning them, I make holes or recesses into
the ends, and then, when the same are dried and burned, they will, when used
and dowelled or pinned together, make a continuous tile or pipe, the one being
supported by also offers support to others, which will prevent one sinking
below the other, which heretofore has often been the case.
Figure 2 shews a side view of a machine, the parts being constructed and
combined according to my Invention for making tiles. Figure 3 is a plan
thereof, and Figure 4 a front view. The other Figures shew several details
in order that the nature of such parts may be more readily understood. In
each of the Figures the same letters of reference are used to indicate the same
parts. a, a, is the framing. 6 is the trunk into which the clay is placed, in
order that it may be forced out at moulding orifices c, c, fixed in front, as is
shewn; the shape and number of moulding orifices being varied according to
the nature of the tiles to be made by the machine as heretofore. d is the
piston which in going back passes beyond the point of the trunk b, thus
allowing an open space at the upper part of the trunk between the point and
the piston d to introduce fresh clay. The piston is made hollow in order that
any stones which may be in the clay may, when they come against the grating
e, be received into the hollow piston. The grating e is fixed across the trunk
b so as to intercept any stones which would, if allowed to pass to the moulding

page_text: orifices, injure the titles, either by passing through the orifices, or by filling up
parts of such moulding orifices. f is a.stay fixed across the plate containing
the orifices c, and aiding in supporting the bars of the grating e. And in
order to keep the surface of the bars e free from stones, a knife or scraper 9 is
used; this knife or scraper is lowered by means of the lever h. The lever h
bears on a pin on the bar k; this bar slides up and down, it being guided by
a suitable guide at k¹, such bar being attached to a frame, consisting of a
horizontal bar, and two upright bars, which upright bars pass thro' the
bottom of the trough, and at their upper end carry the knife or scraper g, and
this knife or scraper is fixed to the upright bar, as shewn. Motion is com-
municated to the piston by means of the handle m, which is at first placed
on the axis n, on which is affixed the cog wheel o, which takes into the pinion
p on the axis q, on which axis there is a cog wheel r fixed, which takes into
the pinion s affixed on the axis t, hence the axis t will be caused to revolve
quickly and thus move the clay up to the grating, when the handle m is to be
moved on to the axis n, on which the pinion is fixed, such pinion taking
into the rack w on the bar fixed to the piston, such bar being kept down by
the rollers a, as shewn. The tiles as they come out of the moulding orifices are
received on to endless belts or cloths y, y, and there are at intervals uprights z,
fixed to the frame or table on which the cloth moves, by which the boy is
guided in using the cutter frame (1) when the cloths have stopped. In
order that the piston may be run back quickly, the crank handle is moved
again on to the axis n, and air is let in between the clay and grating by means
of the plug (2) carried by the lever (3), such plug entering through the cover
of the trough b; and in order to retain the plug in its place when forcing the
clay through the moulding orifices, the handle (4) is used, which has a notch
at (5) resting on the top of the trough b, which prevents the plug being forced
back; this plug is removed immediately the cutter or scraper has passed
between the piston and the grating, by which air will be allowed to pass
between the space caused by the passage of the cutter or scraper.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
am acquainted with for performing the same, I would have it understood that
what I claim is,-
First, the making of bricks with holes through them by means of moulding
orifices (having a series of cores) thro' which clay is pressed, as above
explained.
Secondly, I claim the forming of holes or recesses at the ends of drain tiles
to receive dowells or pegs, as above described.

page_text: Thirdly, I claim the combining of a hollow piston with a knife or scraper g
for cutting the clay, as herein described.
And I also claim the applying a plug or valve to allow air to pass into a
space caused by a scraper or knife, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Beart, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.