IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Webster Hayden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1858.
I, DANIEL WEBSTER HAYDEN, of No. 4, Coleman Street, Arlington Square,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING
WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
I have a boiler or reservoir of iron or other suitable material large enough
to contain the greater part of the liquid to be heated, communicating by two
pipes of suitable material with a fire-grate or furnace of iron or other suitable
material, having a hollow casing, and properly fitted with fire bars, chimney,
and door or hopper. I have in the furnace a helical coil of tubing of copper
or other suitable material, and the ends of such tubing open into the hollow
case at points immediately opposite or nearly so to the two pipes above
mentioned. On the outside of the hollow casing which surrounds the fire-
grate are two taps or stop-cocks, opening respectively into the top and bottom
of the said hollow case or nearly so.
When water or other liquid to be heated is introduced into the boiler or
reservoir, the stop-cock at the bottom is closed and the stop-cock at the top is
opened, and the liquid which is poured into the boiler or reservoir passes down
the lower of such two pipes into the hollow casing and coil, and the air con-
tained in such casing escapes by the upper stop-cock, which is open. When
the two pipes, the hollow case and the coil, are filled with the liquid, which

page_text: will be known by its escaping by the open stop-cock, that stop-cock is closed.
The heat from the fire in the furnace is transmitted through the coil to the
liquid contained therein, and also to the liquid in the hollow case which
surrounds the fire-grate. The heated liquid in the hollow case and coil being
lighter than the colder liquid in the reservoir, descends through the lower pipe
and intermixes with or displaces the heated liquid in the hollow case and coil,
and a circulation of the liquid through the coil and hollow case is thus induced
or kept up until the whole of the liquid in the reservoir coil and case has
attained the boiling point or temperature required.
The heating of liquids by my Invention is effected rapidly and with little
expenditure of fuel. The lower stop-cock serves for emptying the coil and
hollow case when necessary.
My Invention is also applicable to the heating of food for cattle and other
purposes where large quantities of heated water or other liquid are required,
and it is also applicable to the heating of water for baths and hothouses, and
for washing and cleansing articles of dress and other materials, the circulating
motion of the water very much facilitating the cleansing or washing of such
articles and materials. The hollow case may be used without the coil, and
the coil may be used with a furnace with a solid casing or shell, but I prefer
the combination described.
My Invention may necessarily be varied in its details without departing
from the nature thereof.