Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Feb., 1396
Complete Specification Left, 16th Oct., 1896--Accepted, 9th Jan., 1897
We, GASTON EMMANUEL SAUTTER, and HENRI HARLÉ both of 26 Avenue de
Suffren Paris, in the Republic of France, Builders, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
The arrangements hitherto employed for the electrical operation from a distance
by means of electric motors of machines of any kind requiring to be driven such
for example as apparatus for raising or hauling weights, casting ladles, and other
like metallurgical apparatus, guns, armour plated turrets, and other apparatus
placed on board ships, such as search light projectors, do not permit of their
practical use from a distance and a repetition or indication of the movements at
the operating station.
With the systems of relays hitherto en ployed, although small movements may
readily be obtained it has not been possible to properly control them, moreover
there is nothing to indicate if the point to be reached has been passed.
These objections are especially noticeable when it is required to cause the
apparatus which is being operated to occupy a certain determined position the
said apparatus being invisible from the position occupied by the operator.
Firing guns and working projectors are examples of this method of operation.
Hitherto the operator has had to be within view of the gun or other apparatus he
is manipulating and when working a projector from a distance if the apparatus
itself is not visible there is the beam of light proceeding from it to guide him.
The manipulation of the apparatus we have sought to effect may be defined as
the working of a gun (for example) from a distance in a safe position or one out
of the line of fire both the object aimed at and the gun being invisible, or, as the
illumination of an object by means of a search light projector although both the
projector and the object may be concealed from the operator.
To enable this to be done it is necessary :-
1. That a receiving apparatus accurately executes the movements imparted to it
by a manipulator.
2. That these movements are under control i.e., that the equilibrium between the
manipulator, and receiver corresponding to the cessation of movement can only be
obtained when the receiver exactly returns to the same position as that indicated
on the dial of the manipulator.
3. That the exact positions of the manipulator and of the receiver are at once
visible on their respective dials each separate division of which corresponds to the
smallest amount of movement which the gun or other machine under operation can
be caused to make.
4. That the number of connecting wires between the manipulator and the
When
receiver be independent of the number of positions desired to be obtained.
the various positions which the apparatus should occupy are uumerous the
conditions which we have just stated cannot be realized by any one of the
electrical service systems hitherto proposed, save with the help of rheostats, and
commutators, with multiple contacts or keys which are too complicated for
practical use. Moreover the number of connecting wires between the manipulator
and the receiver increases with the number of positions to be occupied.
Apparatus according to this invention is provided with two dials the one for the

page_text: manipulator A, and the other for the receiver B, and each dial is provided with a
double concentric graduation or seale over which pass two different needles. The
two needles a a' on the dial A and the needles aa on the dial B, are connected
to each other by a gearing of cog-wheels, analogous to the watch or counter-
mechanism in such a manner that for each complete revolution of the large needle
a corresponding movement through one division is made by the small needle.
The divisions of each scale are also connected to the contacts of a sectional
rheostat the rheostats for the manipulator A are lettered in the drawing,
and those for the receiver B, 2 and
The manipulator is connected to the receiver by a circuit of two wires only in
which are inserted the rheostats as well as the driving apparatus properly
so called. These last named apparatus are lettered C and D in the drawing and
are formed by electro magnets of a particular form set in equilibrium.
We have chosen, for greater facility, two dynamo armatures N, N' which are
identical and placed between pole pieces of soft iron provided with exciting coils.
When equilibrium has been established and in a state of repose currents of equal
strength pass through the two coils of the armatures. Their rotating elements
being of the same strength but turning in a contrary direction mutnally bring about
a state of equilibrium.
If the needle of the manipulator be advanced in one direction or the other the
variation introduced by the working of the rheostat changes the value or strength
of the current of one of the armatures; the state of equilibrium is broken, the
arrangement of the two armatures turns on its axis making contact and
causing the current from the source of electricity to pass into a relay which
opens or cleses the main circuit of the independently driven electric motor M.
This is now set in motion engaging the engine which is to be operated at the same
time causing the needles of the dial B to which it is connected mechanically
to move forward. The movement continues so long as the equilibrium
is broken in the apparatus C and D, and it is only when the needles on the dial B
return to the position exactly corresponding to those on the dial A that the currents
passing through the armatures again become equal and the whole system returns
to a state of equilibrium. The operation of the needles on the dial B of the
receiver rheostat may be effected either by the electric motor directly by means
of any mechanical transmission gear or by the apparatus itself whose movement
may also be transmitted by any suitable transmission gear. The receiver is
connected to register accurately the movements of the apparatus which is being
operated. If the engine turns to left the needle of the receiver rheostat is also
displaced to the left and if to the right the needle likewise turns to the right.
This is also the case for vertical movements with its corresponding receiver.
The following arrangement may also be employed. Referring to Figure 1,
C and C represent two like poles of the apparatus, for example, two north poles,
CC two south poles. The current passing through the armatures N N then
mounted in series is of a certain constant strength, the rheostats A and B are
inserted the one in the circuit of the electro magnet C C on the left and the
other in the circuit of the electro magnet C C on the right. When the resistance
of the first of these electro magnets is changed by working the manipulator A the
corresponding field is changed and the arrangement of two armatures being
subjected to unsymmetrical actions is put in motion, only returning to its place
when the motor brings the rheostat 3 to a position parallel to that of the
manipulator A. The result obtained is thus identical with that obtained by the
first described arrangement.
This system realizes the conditions already stated, only two connecting wires
being employed between the manipulator and receiver.
For the sake of clearness we will suppose that the small needles of the dials a u³
each correspond to a rheostat divided into twenty equal parts and that this is
also the case with the large needles a' a³. The small and large needle of each
apparatus are so connected that when the large needle has made a complete

page_text: revolution over its lial the small needle is moved through one division in the same
direction. This movement does not take place continuously as in a watch, the
large needle only engaging with the small needle at the exact moment when it has
made a complete revolution and is leaving the end of its rheostat ie. the last
contact on its way to the first. Each of the needles small or large for one complete
revolution pass over the twenty sections or the twenty corresponding contacts of
the rheostat When therefor the large needle has made a complete revolution it
passes over the twenty divisions of its rheostat displacing the small needle for one
division of its rheostat a'. When the small needle has made a complete revolution
over its dial the large needle has made twenty complete revolutions and the values
of the current have been modified, four hundred times. This arrangement gives in a
simple manuer the same result obtainable with a rheostat divided into four hundred
equal parts. Thus the possible displacement, horizontally for example of an
engine can be divided up into four hundred equal parts, each displacement of the
large needle through a division corresponding to the displacement of the gun or
other machine through a part of a turn, i.e. of less than a degree in amount.
The current from the positive pole of the source of electricity passes by the
conductors 1.1 into the manipulator; here it is divided into two; one part of the
current passes through the rheostat of the large needle a', the needle itself,
the circle of contact and goes by the wire of the line 2, 2, to the arm iture N of
the first electro magnet C corresponding to the large neodle of the receiver and
leaves the same on its return to the negative pole of electricity by the conductor 4.
The other part of the current passes through the rheostat r the small needle a
and its contact circle and by the line 3, 3, 5 to the armature N' of the second
electro magnet D, corresponding to the small needle returning to the negative pole
of the source of electricity by the line 6, 6, 4. The second armature N' of the
electro magnet C is fed by the current passing through the receiver rheostat of the
large needle. This current passes from the source of electricity by the lines 24
and 7, 7, to the rheostat of the large needle a³, passes through the said needle by
the circle of contact and the conductor 8 to the armature N', returning to the
negative pole by the line 9, 4, 4, 4, 23. The second armature N' of the electro
magnet D' is fed by a eurent from the positive pole passing through the line 24, 7,7
the rheostat 2, the small needle a the circle of contact and conduetor 10, 10,
returning by the line 11, 11, 4, 23 to the negative pole.
The system of relays for operating the motor M consists of a relay H for going
to the right and of a relay G when going to the left. When the electro magnets
of these relays have been excited they attract their armatures and close the
contacts e, f, g, f, and gh, the exciting currents for the electro magnets of
these relays is taken derivatively at the terminals of the source of electricity and
passes through the contact levers, keyed on the armatures of the electro
magnets C and D in the following manner :-
The current starts from the positive pole by the line 24, 12, 12 first reaching the
lever. Figure 2 shews the manner in which this lever is constructed and the two
contacts 13, 17, between which it is kept in equilibrium by antagonistic springs t
and t. When the armatures N and N are no longer in equilibrium, the lever l
closes with the contact 13, and the current then passes by the line 13 to the double
contact 14, 15, carried by the lever shewn in Figures 3 and 4. If the lever l'is in
equilibrium the current passes from 14 to 15 by the rod S Figure 4 and by the
line 15 to the electro magnet H on leaving which it returns by the line 22, 22, 23, 23,
to the negative pole of the source of electricity.
If the lever is no longer in a state of equilibrium but occupies the position
shewn in Figure 3 the current still passes from the contact 14 to the contact 15
and thence to the electro magnet H. There is also a second derived current
coming by the line 12 and passing through the lever and contact 16. This is
also the case when the lever closes with the contact 17 and the lever l' el ses with
the contact 16. It is then the derived current through 12, 1, 16 and 15 which
alone excites the electro magnet H for going to the right. The same positions are

page_text: symmetrically reproduced for exciting the relay G when going to the left by means
of the contact 17 of the lever and the contacts 18, 19 and 20 of the lever .
When the system is in equilibrium the needles of the manipulator and of the
receiver are in identical positions and no current passes through the armature of
the motor M. If the large lever af the manipulator he turned in the direction of the
bands of a watch through a certain space the equilibrium of the electro magnet C
is broken, since currents of different strengths pass through the armatures N and N.
The lever will close with the contact 13, and the current will pass by the contact 13
to the contacts 14 and 15 which will give a passage for it, the armatares N N
being in equilibrium. The electro magnet H for effecting movement to the right
will then be excited and will attract its armature as shewn in the drawing. The
main current from the source of electricity will pass through the motor M in the
direction shown by the arrows along the lines 24, e, f, 25, making it turn to the
right. The current will return by the lines 26, g, h, 23, 23. The motor when in
motion will move the needle a of the receiver until equilibrium be re-established
and the two needles occupy identical positions. For working to the left the
needle a must be moved in the opposite direction to that of the hands of a watch,
and the current will pass by the contact 17, 18 and 19 to the electro magnet G.
The closing of this relay will feed the armature of the motor by the
circuit 24, e, f, 26, the current passing in an opposite direction to the arrows
shewn in the drawing. The current returns to the source of electricity by the
cireuit 25, g, h, 23.
Hitherto we bave su posed that the snall needles retained their initial position
and that the armatures N2 and N3 of the electro magnet D remained in equilibrium.
This is the case, until the large needle a' of the manipulator has made the complete
round of the dial. When however the needle a' moring in the direction of the
hands of a watch has passed beyond the end of the rheostat, at the moment when it
leaves the last contact the directions of the currents in the armatures N and N¹ would
be found to be reversed. For at this moment the current which had hitherto
constantly decreased since the resistance of the rheostat kept continually increasing,
retakes its maximum value while the rheostat is sharply cut out of circuit. The
needle a on the other hand not having reached the limit of its rheostat is retarded
and consequently the current transmitted by the receiver rheostat moved by the
movement of the gun or other machine itself goes on decreasing this current which
was just now greater than that coming from the manipulator suddenly becomes
less. The lever I breaks with the contact 13 and forms contact with 17 and if no
change was to occur in the system of the electro magnet D the current would then
pass from the lever I by the contact 17, 18 and 19 and the line 20 into the relay G,
and the motor would turn to the left, which however it should not do. This change
of direction of working does not take place, the complete revolution of the large
needle a causing the small needle a to advance through one division. The equi-
librium in the system D is broken, and the armatures N2 and N3 bring the lever
into the position shewn in Figure 3. The contacts 18 and 19 are opened and the
current fren the line 12 passes through the lever l' by the contact 16 and the line 15
to the relay II which continues to be excited. The motor then koeps on working
to the right engaging the needles u and then a of the receiver until they have
assumed the positions of those of the manipulator and the equilibrium be
re-established. For working the sinall needle to the left the symmetry of the
system allows of the identical reproduction of the same movements. In this case
the contact 20 of the electro magnet D is used instead of the contact 16 the current
passing in a similar manner to the exciting electro maguet G.
Since the arrangement for operating can move in both directions it will be readily
understood that if the motor does not stop sufficiently quickly or engages the
receiver beyond the corresponding point on the manipulator the currents could be
reversed and the movement produced in the opposite direction until the position of
equilibrium has been obtained. The proper service of the electrical system is thus
entirely realized.

page_text: In the system just described and shewn diagrammatically in Figure 1 we have
supposed the manipulator and receiver to have been formed with two rheostats with
two needles each of which corresponds to one of the electro naguets C and D
placed in equilibrium. A larger number of needles rheostats and electro magnets
inay be used when desired for example when a considerable number of different
positions have to be occupied. Thus with three needles, three rheostats, and three
electro-magnets, and dividing each rheostat into twenty equal parts 8000 divisions
of the circumference would be obtained, each displacement being less than
three minutes.
Figures 5 and 6 shew two modifications of electro magnets C, D in equilibrium.
Instead of employing two dynamo armatures with their coils wound thereon an
electro-magnet may be employed pivotted on its centre and whose ends are
attracted by those of a horse-shoe electro-magnet. When the currents which pass
through the coils of the horse-shoe magnet are unequal the state of equilibrium is
broken and contact is formed with either 16 or 20.
In the arrangement shewn in Figure 6 the electro-magnet is mounted on a pivot
and is kept in position by antagonistic springs. It is attracted by two separate
electro magnets which tend to keep it balanced in a position of equilibrium. Any
other analogous arrangement may be employed by varying the form and arrange-
ments of the electro magnetic system. There are obviously a number of such
different forms which will yield the same result.
Dated this 1st day of February 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
We GASTON EMMANUEL SAUTTER and HENRI HARLÉ both of 26 Avenue de
Suffren Paris, in the Republic of France, Builders, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The arrangements hitherto employed for the electrical operation from a distance
by means of electric motors of machines of any kind requiring to be driven such
for example as apparatus for raising or hauling weights, casting ladles, and other
like metallurgical apparatus, guns, armour plated turrets, and other apparatus
placed on board ships such as search light projectors, do not permit of their
practical use from a distance and the repetition or indication of the movements at
the operating station.
With the systems of relays hitherto employed, although small movements may
readily be obtained it has not been possible to properly control then, moreover
there is nothing to indicate if the point to be reached has been passed.
These objections are especially noticeable when it is required to cause the
apparatus which is being operated to occupy a certain determined position the said
apparatus being invisible from the position occupied by the operator.
Firing guns and working projectors are examples of this method of operation.
Hitherto the operator has had to be within view of the gun or other apparatus be
is manipulating and when working a projector from a distance if the apparatus
itself is not visible there is the beam of light proceeding from it to guide him.
The manipulation of the apparatus which we have endeavoured to obtain may
be defined as the working of a gun (for example) from a distance in a safe position
or out of the line of fire both the object aimed at and the gun being invisible, or,

page_text: as the illumination of an object by means of a search light projector although both
the projector and the object may be concealed from the operator.
To enable this to be done it is necessary
1. That a receiving apparatus accurately execute the movements impartel to it
by a manipulater.
2. That these movements are under control ie. that the equilibrium between the
manipulater and receiver corresponding to the cessation of movement can only be
obtained when the receiver returns exactly to the same position as that indicated
on the lial of the manipulater.
3. That the exact positions of the manipulator and of the receiver are at once
visible on their respective dials, each separate division of which corresponds to the
smallest amount of movement which a gun or other machine under operation can
be caused to make.
4. That the number of connecting wires between the manipulater and the
receiver are indej endent of the number of positions desired to be obtained. When
the various positions which the apparatus should occupy are numerous the
conditions which we have stated cannot be realized by any one of the electrical
service systems hitherto proposed save with the help of rheostats and commutators
with multiple contacts or keys which are too complicated for practical use.
Moreover the number of connecting wires between the manipulater and the
receiver increases with the number of positions to be occupied.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure shews dingramatically an arrangement of apparatus according to this
invention,
Figures 2, 3 and 4 are details hereinafter referred to and
Figures 5 and 6 are modified forms of electro magnets.
Referring to Figure 1 the apparatus is provided with two dials the one for the
manipulater A, and the other for the receiver B and each dial is provided with a
double concentric graduation or scale over which pass two different needles or
handles. The two needles a a' on the dial A and the needles a² a³ on the dial B
are connected to each other by a gearing of cog-wheels, analogous to the watch or
counter mechanism in such a manner that for each complete revolution of the large
needle a corresponding movement through one division is made by the small neelle.
The divisions of each scale are also connected to the contacts of a sectional
rheostat the rheostats for the manipulater A are lettered in the drawing and
those for the receiver Band. The manipulater is connected to the receiver
by a circuit of two wires only in which are inserted the rheostats r² 23 as well
as the driving apparatus properly so called. These last named apparatus are
lettered C and D in the drawing and are formed by electro magnets of a particular
form set in equilibrium.
We have chosen for greater facility two dynamo armatures N N which are
identical and placed between pole pieces of soft iron provided with exciting coils.
When equilibrium has been established and in a state of repose, currents of equal
strength pass through the two coils of the armatures. Their rotating elements
being of the same strength, but turning in a contrary direction, mutually bring
about a state of equilibrium.
If the ucedle of the manipulater be advanced in one direction or the other the
variation introduced by the working of the rheostat changes the value or strength
of the current of one of the armatures: the state of equilibrium is broken, the
arrangement of the two armatures turns on its axis making contact and causing
the current from the source of clectricity to pass into a relay which opens or closes
the main circuit of the independently driven electric motor M. This is now set
in motion engaging the apparatus which is to be operated at the same time causing
the needles of the dial B to which it is connected mechanically to move forward.
The movement continues so long as the equibrium is broken in the apparatus C
and D, and it is only when the needles on the dial B return to the position exactly
corresponding to those on the dial A that the currents passing through the

page_text: armatures again become equal and the whole system returns to a state of
equilibrium. The operation of the needles on the dial B of the receiver rheostat
may be effected either by the electric motor directly by means of any mechanical
transmission gear or simply by the apparatus itself whose movement may also be
transmitted by suitable mechanical transmission gear. The receiver is connected
to register accurately the movements of the apparatus which is being operated.
If the apparatus turns to the left the needle of the receiver rheostat is also
displaced to the left and if to the right the needle likewise turns to the right.
This is also the ense for vertical movements with its corresponding receiver.
The following arrangement may also be employel. Referring to Figure 1,
cand e represent two like poles of the apparatus for example two north poles,
cc two south poles. The current passing through the arinatures N N then
mounted in series is of a certain constant strength: the rheostats A and B are
inserted, the one in the circuit of the electro magnet e c' on the left and the other
in the circuit of the electro magnet e e' on the right. When by working the
manipulater A the resistance of the first of these electro magnets is altered the
corresponding field is also changed and the arrangement of two armatures being
subjected to unsymmetrical actions is put in motion only returning to its place
when the motor brings the rheostat B to a position parallel to that of tho
manipulater A. The result obtained is thus identical with that obtained by
the first described arrangement. This system realizes the conditions already
stated, only two connecting wires being employed between the manipulater and
receiver. For the sake of clearness we will suppose that the small needles a a' of
the two dials each correspond to a rheostat divided into twenty equal parts and
that this is also the case with the large needles a' a'. The small and large needle
of each apparatus are so connected that when the large needle has made a complete
revolution over its dial the small needle is moved through one division in the same
direction. This movement does not take place continuously as in a watch, the
large needle only engaging with the small needle at the exact moment when it has
made a complete revolution and is leaving the end of its rheostat i.e. the last
contact on its way to the first. Each of the needles, small or large, for one
complete revolution, passes over the twenty sections or the twenty corresponding
contacts of the rheostat. When therefore the large needle has made a complete
revolution it passes over the twenty divisions of its rheostat displacing the small
needle for one division of its rheostat a'. When the small needle has made a
complete revolution over its dial the large needle has made twenty complete
revolutions and the values of the current have been modified four hundred times.
This arrangement gives in a simple manner the same result obtainable with a
rheostat divided into four hundred equal parts. Thus the possible displaceinent,
borizontally for example, of a machine can be divided up into four hundred equal
parts, each displacement of the large needle through a division corresponding to
the displacement of the gun or other machine through part of a turn, i.e of less
than a degree in amount.
The current from the positive pole of the source of electricity passes by the
conductors 1, 1 into the manipulater; here it is divided into two, one part of the
current passes through the rhecstat of the large needle a', the needle itself,
the circle of contact band goes by the wire of the line 2, 2, to the armature N of
the first electro magnet C corresponding to the large needle of the receiver
and leaves the same on its return to the negative pole of electricity by the
conductor 4.
The other part of the current passes through the rheostat the small needle a
and its contact circle band by the line 3, 3, 5 to the armature N of the second
electro magnet D, corresponding to the small needle returning to the negative
pule of the source of electricity by the line 6, 6, 4. The second arinature N of
the electro magnet C is fed by the current passing through the receiver rheustat
of the large needle. This current passes from the source of electricity by the
lines 24 and 7, 7, to the rheustat of the large needle a, passes through the said

page_text: needle by the circle of contact 62 and the conductor 8 to the armature N', returning
to the negative pole by the line 9, 4, 4, 4, 23. The second armature N3 of the
electro magnet D is fed by a current from the positive pole passing through the
line 24, 7, 7, the rheostat , the small needle a the circle of contnet and
conductor 10, 10, returning by the line 11, 11, 4, 23 to the negative pole.
The system of relays for operating the motor M consists of a relay H for going
to the right and of a relay G when going to the left. When the electro-magnets
of these relays have been excited they attract their armatures and close the
contacts e, f, g, h, e, f, and g 4, the exciting currents for the electro-magnets of
these relays is taken derivatively at the terminals of the source of electricity and
passes through the contact levers 7 keyed on the armatures of the electro magnets C
and D in the following manner :-
The current starts from the positive pole by the line 24, 12, 12 first reaching
the lever . Figure 2 shews the manner in which this lever is constructed and the
two contacts 13, 17, between which it is kept in equilibrium by antagonistic
springs t& . When the armatures N and N are no longer in equilibrium, the
lever closes with the contact 13, and the current then passes by the line 13 to the
double contact 14, 15, carried by the lever shown in Figures 3 and 4. If
the lever is in equilibrium the current passes from 14 to 15 by the rod S¹
Figure and by the line 15 to the electro magnet H on leaving which
it returns by the line 22, 22, 23, 23 to the negative pole of the source of
electricity.
If the lever is no longer in a state of equilibrium but occupies the position
shewn in Figure 3 the current still passes from the contact 14 to the contact 15
and thence to the electro magnet H. There is also a second derived current
coming by the line 12 and passing through the lever and contact 16. This is
also the case when the lever closes with the contact 17 and the lever closes
with the contact 16. It is then the derived current through 12, 1, 16 and 15 which
alone excites the electro magnet H for going to the right. The same positions are
symmetrically reproduced for exciting the relay G when going to the left by
means of the contact 17 of the lever and the contacts 18, 19, and 20 of the
lever
When the system is in equilibrium the needles of the manipulater and of the
receiver are in identical positions and no current passes through the armature of
the motor M. If the large lever a' of the manipulater be turned in the direction
of the hands of a watch through a certain space the equilibrium of the electro
magnet C is broken, since currents of different strengths pass through the
armatures N and N'. The lever will close with the contact 13 and the current
will pass by the contact 13 to the contacts 14 and 15 which will give a passage
for it, the armatures N2 N3 being in equilibrium. The electro magnet H for
effecting movement to the right will then be excited and will attract its armature
as shewn in the drawing. The main current from the source of electricity will
pass through the motor M in the direction shewn by the arrows along the
lines 24, e,, 25, making it turn to the right. The current will return by the
lines 26, g, h, 23. The motor when in motion will move the needle a³ of
the receiver until equilibrium be re-established and the two needles occupy
identical positions. For working to the left the needle a' must he moved in the
opposite direction to that of the hands of a watch, and the current will pass by
the contact 17, 18 and 19 to the electro magnet G. The closing of this relay will
feed the armature of the motor by the circuit 24, e, f, 26, the current passing in
an opposite direction to the arrows shewn in the drawing, and the current returns
to the source of electricity by the circuit 25, g, h, 23.
Hitherto we have supposed that the small needles retained their initial position
and that the armatures N' aud N of the electro magnet D remained in equilibrium.
This is the case, until the large needle a' of the manipulater has made the complete
round of the dial. When however the needle a' moving in the direction of the
bands of a watch has passed beyond the end of the rheostat r', at the moment

page_text: when it leaves the last contact the directions of the currents in the armatures N
and N would be found to be reversed. For at this moment the current which had
hitherto constantly decreased since the resistance of the rheostat kept continually
increasing, retakes its maximum value while the rheostat is sharply cut out of
circuit.
The needle a on the other hand not having reached the limit of its rheostat is
retarded and consequently the current transmitted by the receiver rheostat moved
by the movement of the gun or other machine itself goes on decreasing, this
current which was just now greater than that coming from the manipulater suddenly
becoming less. The lever breaks with the contact 13 and forms contact with 17
and if no change was to occur in the system of the electro magnet D the current
would then pass from the lever / by the contact 17, 18 and 19 and the line 20 into
the relay G, and the motor would turn to the left, which however it should not
do. This change of direction of working does not take place, the complete
revolution of the large needle a' causing the small needle a to advance through
one division. The equilibrium in the system D is broken and the armatures N'
and N bring the lever into the position shewn in Figure 3.
The contacts 18 and 19 are opened and the current from the line 12 passes
through the lever by the contact 16 and the line 15 to the relay H which
continues to be excited. The motor then keeps on working to the right engaging
the needles a and then a of the receiver until they have assumed the positions of
those of the manipulater and the equilibrium be re-established. For working the
small needle to the left the symmetry of the system allows of the identical
reproduction of the same movements. In this case the contact 20 of the electro
magnet D is used instead of the contact 16 the current passing in a similar manner
to the exciting electro magnet G.
Since the arrangement for operating can move in both directions it will be
readily understood that if the motor does not stop sufficiently quickly or engages
the receiver beyond the corresponding point on the manipulater the currents could
be reversed and the movement produced in the opposite direction until the position
of equilibrium has been obtained.
In the system just described and shewn diagrammatically in Figure 1 we have
Eupposed the manipulater and receiver to have been formed with two rheostats with
two needles each of which corresponds to one of the electro-magnets C and D
placed in equilibrium. A larger number of needles rheostats and electromagnets
may be used when desired for example when a considerable number of different
positions have to be occupied. Thus with three needles, three rheostats and three
electro-magnets, and dividing each rheostat into twenty equal parts 6000 divisions
of the circumference would be obtained, each displacement being less than
3 minutes.
Figures 5 and 6 shew two modifications of the electro magnets C, D in
equilibrium. Instead of employing two dynamo armatures with their coils wound
thereon an electro-magnet may be employed pivotted on its centre with its ends
attracted by those of a horse-shoe electro-magnet. When the currents which pass
through the coils of the horse-shoe magnet are unequal the state of equilibrium is
broken and contact is formed with either 16 or 20.
In the arrangement shewn in Figure 6 the electro-magnet is mounted on a pivot
and is kept in position by antagonistic springs. It is attracted by two separate
electro-magnets which tend to keep it balanced in a position of equilibrium.
Any other analogous arrangement may be employed by varying the form and
arrangements of the electro-magnetic system. There are obviously a number of
such different forms which will yield the same result.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
The improved mones fax ananaoing and controllin

page_text: distance with repetition or indication of the movements consisting of apparatus in
which an electro-magnet is combined with two armatures in equilibrium through
which pass like currents and two sectional rheostats, the one a manipulater and the
other a receiver each being connected in series with the coil of one of the armatures
and so arranged that variation of resistauce in circuit in the manipulater destroys
the equilibrium of the arinatures, causes them to turn on thei: axe and establishes
a contact closing the exciting circuit of a relay which itself operates the main
circuit of the electric motor which carries out the operation to be effected, the
action of the said motor bringing back the receiver rheostat into a position of
equilibrium substantially as described.
2. The combination of the apparatus described in the preceding claim with one
or more like apparatus, the handles or needles of the different rheostats of the
manipulater and receiver heing mechanically connected together so that a complete
rotation of one needle or handle corresponds to the displacement of the needle or
handle of the adjacent rheostat through one division, the different electro-magnets
with double armatures in equilibrium being arranged to open and close double
contacts, only allowing passage for the current exciting the relays corresponding
to the direction which it is desired to impart to the electric motor, the motor in its
operation bringing the needles or handles of the receiver rheostats into a position
corresponding to those of the manipulater rheostats, the manipulater and the
receiver being connected by a shunt line consisting of as many conductors as the
system of superposed rheostats comprises, as for example two conductors in
the arrangement described.
3. The combination with the apparatus claimed in Claim 1 of a system of relays
for opening or closing the main circuit of the motor, these relays comprising
arrangements already known, notably placing the motor in short circuit for
stopping it, substantially as described.
4. The combination of apparatus for operating as described with the substitution
of ordinary electro magnets in equilibrium (Figures 5 and 6) for the electro
magnets in equilibrium with double armour of dynamo form, substantially as set
forth.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, Loudon, W.C., Agents.