Improvements in the Cooling of Engine Cylinders and Pistons and in means therefor.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 20th July, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 19th Apr., 1900-Accepted, 20th July, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Cooling of Engine Cylinders and Pistons and
in means therefor.
We, ALFRED DEBRY, of 36, Rue du Général Brunet, and AUGUSTE PIIILIBERT,
of 29, Rue Jouye-Rouve, both in Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the complete and permanent cooling of the cylinders
and pistons of engines particularly explosion engines gas engines, petroleum
engines and the like.
The invention consists in cooling the cylinder, the cylinder cover and the
piston of the engine, by a current of air passing into the said parts, and in pro-
ducing the circulation of the air directly by means of the motor piston. This
process can be put into practice concurrently with the application of cooling
wings, ribs and water-circulating jackets, such as are now employed.
In carrying out our invention as applied for example to a single acting engine
the piston is prolonged on the side opposite to the piston rod by a tube open at
both ends and sliding in a tube fixed to the cylinder cover of the engine or in a
tubular extension of the said cover.
Tightness between the said fixed and sliding tubes is obtained by means of
stuffing boxes or flexible segments of packing rings similar to those on the pistons.
Or the cylinder cover of the engine may be provided along the axis of the
cylinder with a tubular interior extension open at both ends and on which
slides the piston which is preferably recessed or hollowed out. Tightness is
ensured by the means already described.
In these two arrangements a rapid current of air is produced in the interior
of the cylinder in consequence of the backward and forward movement of the
piston and eventually under the influence of the draught due to the heating of
the air; the speed of this current can be increased as required by providing
oppositely acting valves, one on the air inlet of a jacket surrounding the
engine and the other in the discharge tube for the air fixed either to the piston
or to the cylinder cover, the whole then acting like an air pump, through the
body and piston of which the displaced air would pass.
We can also accelerate the circulation by means of a pipe conducting the
exhaust gases of the engine to the centre of the air discharge tube.
On the outer walls of the cylinder and its cover we can arrange either wings,
or water-circulating jackets in order to increase the cooling effect.

page_text: The same arrangements are applicable to motors with two or more cylinders
having their cylinders joined together parallelwise, or tandem fashion or united
in pairs in any suitable manner.
Dated his 2041
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in the Cooling of Engine Cylinders and Pistons and
in means therefor.
We, ALFRED DEBRY, of 36, Rue du Général Brunet, and AUGUSTE PHILIBERT,
of 29, Rue Jouye-Rouve, both in Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to means for effecting the complete and permanent
cooling of the cylinders and pistons of engines, particularly explosion engines,
such as gas engines, petroleum engines and the like.
The means hitherto employed for this purpose have consisted in cooling the
outer surface of the engine cylinders but this is inadvisable because the source of
heat is always in the interior and the objections to which are well known.
We cool the cylinder, its cover and the motor piston by means of a current
of air passing into the interior of these parts and effect the circulation of the
air directly by means of the motor piston. This process can, moreover, be put
in practice in conjunction with the application of cooling wings and ribs such
as have heretofore been employed.
According to our invention therefore, the cooling takes place in a proper
manner through the walls which themselves receive the action of the heat; it
is consequently very much more effective than when it takes place through more
or less thick masses of metal. This result is obtained without complicating
the engine in any other way than by making through the piston and the
cylinder cover a tight passage for the circulation of the air set in motion by
the piston.
We also utilise, when it is possible the difference of density due
to the heating of the air in the cylinder for assisting the air circulation caused
by the movement of the piston.
Our invention can be carried out in two different ways:
In the first, the piston is provided with a tube sliding in a fixed tube forming
an outward extension of the cylinder cover.
In the second the piston slides over a tube fixed to the cylinder cover, or formed
on the said cover, and extending into the interior of the cylinder.
These two arrangements which are based directly upon the cooling process that
we claim are illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 shews the first arrangement in section through the axis as applied
to an explosion engine cylinder:
Figure 2 is a horizontal section on the line 1-2 of Figure 1:
Figure 3 is a similar view of the second arrangement applied to a similar
cylinder.
In Figures 1 and 2 a is the cylinder, b its cover, c the piston and d the piston
rod adapted to turn upon a pin e fixed to the piston.

page_text: The cover carries the inlet, exhaust and ignition devices arranged in any
suitable manner according to the kind of engine to which our arrangement is
applied; it is provided with a central aperture surmounted by a tube f; the
piston c is also provided with a central aperture and carries a tube y which fits in
the tube f. Elastic segments h embedded in grooves made in either of the tubes
renders the joint between these two parts perfectly tight; similarly, the seg-
ments ensure the necessary tightness between the piston c and the cylinder .
In the second arrangement (Figure 3) the above described tube fixed to the
cylinder cover is replaced by a central tube fl extending into the interior of the
cylinder; also, the above described tube fixed to the piston is dispensed with,
and the piston is formed tubular as shewn at g' and slides over the tube f; the
joint between these parts is effected by means of segments h³ let into either the
piston or the tube. The connection of the piston rod d to the piston. is, in
this case effected by means of a forked end &, d' and two pins e¹, el fixed on
either side of the tubular passage g¹.
In both cases the tubes can be fitted to the cover and piston or they may be
formed integral therewith.
It will be readily understood that if either of the engines thus arranged is
mounted in the usual manner upon the casing enclosing the gear of a motor
carriage for example and if a suitable air inlet be provided in the said casing a
direction of the arrows on the drawing in consequence of the backward and
rapid current of air will be produced in the interior of the cylinder in the
forward movement of the piston and also under the influence of the differences
of density due to the heating in the cylinder.
We would observe that by reason of the movement of the piston at the moment
when it is driven downwards by the explosion, the passage of the air will be
quickest and consequently best for the cooling of the parts precisely at the
moment when the temperature will be highest.
In order to render this current of air more rapid we propose to employ two
oppositely acting valves, one in the air inlet in the casing and the other in
the air outlet tube fixed either to the piston (Figure 1) or to the cylinder cover
(Figure 3), the whole then working like an air pump.
We can still further accelerate the passage of air through the cylinder by
extending a pipe into the centre of the discharge passage for the air which
would bring therein the burnt gases escaping from the engine so as to increase.
the effect of the piston by the depression due to the speed of the said gases.
Besides the means for cooling which form the basis of our invention we reserve
to ourselves the right to employ, in combination with the said means, any other
known means, particularly wings arranged upon the external wall of the
cylinder as well as on the external portion of the cylinder cover and on the
internal walls of the piston and of the tube serving for the passage of the air,
whether it be movable (Figure 1) or fixed (Figure 3). We can also, and
especially in the case of powerful stationary engines, employ water-circulation
jackets over the walls of the cylinder and cover as well as over the fixed part of
the air passages which may be the tube f, Figure 1, or the tube f¹, Figure 2.
Although in this description we have only referred to single cylinder engines,
it is obvious that our invention is applicable with equal advantages to multiple
cylinder engines, whether their cylinders be placed parallelwise, tandem fashion,
or united in pairs in any suitable manner, and we reserve to ourselves all con-
structive modifications which it may be found suitable to apply to our arrange-
ments according to the form of the engines in order to effect the cooling by
circulation of air in the interior of the parts according to our principle as herein-
before specified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:-
1. An engine comprising a cylinder, a hollow piston moving in the said

page_text: cylinder, a piston rod, a cylinder cover fixed to one end of the cylinder, a fixed
tube forming an extension of the cylinder cover outside the cylinder and a tube
fixed to the piston and sliding within the tube on the cylinder cover, the whole
for the purpose of allowing the external air to circulate through the cylinder,
the piston and the tubes, substantially as set forth.
2. An engine comprising a cylinder, a hollow piston moving in the said
cylinder, a piston rod, a cover fixed to one end of the cylinder, a fixed tube
forming an extension of the cylinder cover within the cylinder and a tubular
passage in the piston sliding over the said tube, the whole for the purpose of
allowing the external air to circulate through the cylinder, the piston, the tube
and the tubular passage, substantially as set forth.
3. An engine of the kind claimed in the preceding claiming clauses in com-
bination with a closed casing surrounding the gear of the engine a suction valve
placed upon the said jacket and an outlet valve in the passage through which the
circulating air egresses, so that the air is drawn in and ejected as in an air
pump substantially as set forth.
4. An engine of the kind described in the preceding claiming clauses in com-
bination with wings or ribs arranged upon the whole or part of the external
walls of the cylinder and of the cylinder cover and of the internal walls of the
piston and circulating tube, substantially as set forth.
5. An engine of the kind described in the preceding claiming clauses in
combination with jackets for the circulation of water arranged over the whole
or a portion of the walls of the cylinder, of the cylinder cover, and of the tube
and tubular passage for the circulation of air, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 19th day 01 Apr 100.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.