IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS TO BE EMPLOYED IN DIVING OPERATIONS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of Barnes, in the
County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS TO
BE EMPLOYED IN DIVING OPERATIONS."-A communication from abroad
by Charles Marschalk, of Neufahrwasser, Prussia.
Sealed the 20th July 1875, and dated the 13th May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th May 1875.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of Barnes, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS TO BE EMPLOYED IN DIVING OPERATIONS," a communication to me from
abroad by Charles Marschalk, of Neufahrwasser, Prussia, to be as
follows

page_text: The apparatus is constructed of brass or other non-corrodable metal,
and consists of an air and water-tight casing, into the front of which is
screwed a metal ring fitted with a large light glass, and below the casing
is fitted an upward curved pipe adapted to the form of the apparatus and
fixed by a nut, and from the pipe an india-rubber tube leads to the air
pump of the diving apparatus, or directly to the air reservoir or knapsack
of the diver. By these means the feeding of the lamp with atmospheric
air is effected, and the supply of air, that is to say, the aperture of
admission is regulated by a tap. The air conducting pipe serves at the
same time as a handle, and can be turned in any desired position,
according to the use and convenience of the diver. In the lower bend
of this air pipe a weight is applied to make the apparatus sink.
On the upper part of the brass box is fixed a spirally curved funnel,
by which through an opening at its extremity the products of combustion
can escape, so that the escaping gases are dismissed through this little
opening in an uninterrupted chain of little bubbles, and do not occasion
any change of density inside, and thereby cause a disturbance of the
flame. This opening may be shut by a valve, although this is unnecessary
so long as there is pressure in the apparatus, as the water cannot enter
the upward curved part of the spirally curved funnel, and therefore
cannot pass inside of the lamp. The inner pressure will always over-
whelm this water shutting, and the products of combustion escape in
form of air bubbles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
THOMAS HUGHES, of Barnes, in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-

page_text: "
same time as a handle, arid can be turned in any desired position,
according to the use and convenience of the diver. In the lower bend of
this air pipe a weight is applied to make the apparatus sink.
On the upper part of the casing is fixed a spirally curved funnel, by
which through an opening at its extremity the products of combustion
can escape, so that the escaping gases are dismissed through this opening
in an uninterrupted chain of bubbles, and do not occasion any change
of density inside, and thereby cause a disturbance of the flame. This
opening may be shut by a valve, although this is unnecessary so long
as there is pressure in the apperatus, as the water cannot enter the
upward curved part of the spirally curved funnel, and therefore cannot
pass inside of the lamp. The inner pressure will always counteract any
tendency of the water to enter, thus effectually closing the lamp, and
providing means for the escape of the products of combustion in the
form of air bubbles.
The lamp itself is a simple coal oil lamp with the ordinary burner, and
to concentrate the light a reflector is employed.
In the Drawing A is the air and water-tight casing; B, metal ring
fitted with light glass C; D, upward curved pipe fixed by the nut E,
said pipe D leading to the air pump by an india-rubber or other flexible
tube; F is a weight applied in the bend of the pipe D to sink the
apparatus; G is a spirally curved funnel; H, the opening by which the
products of combustion escape; I, reflector; and K, burner of ordinary
construction.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention
as communicated to me, I claim, the improvements in lamps to be
employed for diving operations, substantially as herein described and
shown on the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
fiste