IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING PARAFFIN SOLUTIONS OR OTHER SOLIDIFIABLE OR PARTIALLY SOLIDIFIABLE LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Norman McFarlane Henderson, Manager of the
Oakbank Oil Works, Mid Calder, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR COOLING PARAFFIN SOLUTIONS OR OTHER SOLIDIFIABLE OR PARTIALLY
SOLIDIFIABLE LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 13th June 1871, and dated the 19th. December 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Norman McFarlane
Henderson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th December 1870.
I, NORMAN MCFARLANE HENDERSON, Manager of the Oakbank Oil
Works, Mid Calder, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR COOLING PARAFFIN SOLUTIONS OR OTHER SOLIDIFIABLE OR PAR-
TIALLY SOLIDIFIABLE LIQUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to obtain increased efficiency in
apparatus for cooling paraffin solutions or other solidifiable or partially

page_text: solidifiable liquids, and it consists principally in arranging a rotating
metallic surface cooled by enclosed streams of water, so as at one part
to pass under and take up a film of the liquid, which film is cooled and
solidified or partially solidified in passing round on the surface, and is
finally removed therefrom by means of a scraper.
With these arrange-
ments the solidifying portions of the substances are separated from the
liquid as the process proceeds, and whatever is once solidified neither
remains mixed nor is again mixed with the unsolidified portion as in
existing apparatus for the same purpose.
In a preferable modification of the improved apparatus the rotating
surface is the internal one of a metal cylinder placed horizontally, and
supported by means of a hollow trunnion at one end and upon anti-
friction wheels at the other end. On a stationery internal shaft there is
fixed a radial plate, having its outer edge bearing upon the cylindrical
surface at a line which is by preference a little to one side of the bottom.
This radial plate has end plates formed on or fixed to it, and in combination
with a portion of the cylinder forms a pocket or trough into which the
hot liquid to be cooled is led by a pipe having a stop-cock for regulating
its flow. The cylinder moves upwards at the side at which the trough
is, and carries up and round a film of the liquid, which becomes solidified
or partially solidified in passing round. A scraper is fitted to the bottom
of the radial plate to work in contact with the cylinder, and removes the
cooled substance as the cylinder comes round, whilst a revolving screw
arranged upon the bottom of the cylinder carries the substance along
and discharges it at one end. If preferred the pocket or trough for the
liquid may be arranged externally, the external surface of a cylinder
being used for the cooling operation; or the inside and outside arrange-
ments may be combined in one machine. Also a disc or a cone may be
used instead of a cylinder. When the inside of a cylinder is used the
arrangements herein-before described may be transposed, that is to say,
the liquid may lie in the bottom of the cylinder, whilst a trough is
arranged at one side to receive the solidified substance, and is furnished
with a screw for discharging it at one end.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Norman M°Farlane Henderson in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 17th June 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NORMAN
MCFARLANE HENDERSON, Manager of the Oakbank Oil Works, Mid
Calder, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Norman McFarlane Henderson,
Her special licence that I, the said Norman McFarlane Henderson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Norman McFarlane Henderson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
COOLING PARAFFIN SOLUTIONS OR OTHER SOLIDIFIABLE OR PARTIALLY SOLIDIFIABLE
LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Norman
McFarlane Henderson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Norman McFarlane Henderson, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object to obtain increased efficiency in
apparatus for cooling paraffin solutions or other solidifiable or partially
solidifiable liquids, and it consists principally in arranging a rotating
metallic surface cooled by enclosed streams of cold water, so as at one
part to pass under and take up a film of the liquid, which film is cooled

page_text: and solidified or partially solidified in passing round on the surface, and
is finally removed therefrom by means of a scraper. With these arrange-
ments the solidifying portions of the substances are separated from the
liquid as the process proceeds, and whatever is once cooled and solidified
neither remains mixed nor is again mixed with the unsolidified portion
as in existing apparatus for the same purpose.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to, and representing
various modifications of my improved apparatus. In these Drawings
the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or like parts
wherever they are repeated.
The modification which I prefer is shown in Figures 1 and 2, Figure 1.
being a sectional side elevation, and Figure 2 an end elevation. In this
case the rotating surface is the internal one of a metal cylinder 1 placed
horizontally, and supported by means of a hollow trunnion 2 at one
end, and upon antifriction wheels 3 at the other end. On a stationary
internal shaft 4 there is fixed a radial plate 5, having its outer edge
bearing upon the cylindrical surface at a line which is by preference a
little to one side of the bottom. This radial plate 5 has end plates 6
formed on or fixed to it, and in combination with a portion of the
cylinder forms a pocket or trough into which the hot liquid to be cooled
is led from a tank 7 by a pipe 8, having a stop-cock 9 for regulating its
flow. The pipe 8 is also enclosed in a larger pipe 10, through which
warm water is passed to keep the paraffin passing through the inner
pipe 8 liquid so that it may not choke the pipe. The cylinder 1 moves
upwards at the side at which the trough (5, 6,) is, and carries up and
round a film of the liquid, which becomes solidified or partially solidified
in passing round. A scraper 11 is fitted to the bottom of the radial
plate 5 to work in contact with the cylinder, and removes the cooled
substance as the cylinder comes round, whilst a revolving screw 12
arranged upon the bottom of the cylinder carries the substance along
and discharges it at one end, whence it falls down a shoot 13 into a
tank or receptacle 14. The cylinder 1 is made to revolve by means of a
worm wheel 15 fixed on its trunnion, and driven by a screw 16 on a shaft
driven by any convenient motive power. The screw 12 for discharging
the solidified paraffin or other substance is driven by means of spur
wheels 17 from the spindle of one of the antifriction carrying wheels 3,

page_text: which receives its motion from the cylinder 1. In the case of paraffin
solutions the screw 12 has an advantageous action apart from its deli-
vering the solidified substance, this action consisting in its breaking up
the paraffin, and so preventing the crystals from being massed together
in large lumps until they reach the tank 14. The cylinder 1 may be
cooled by the application of a stream of cold water in any convenient
way; but in the modification shown in Figure 1 it has fixed round it an
external jacket 18 of wood, and into the space between this jacket and
the cylinder water is led by a pipe 19, whilst another pipe 20 leads the
water away again. These pipes 19, 20, communicate with separate
chambers in a box 21 turning with the cylinder trunnion, and working
on a turned part of the fixed shaft 4, being made tight by stuffing boxes.
The shaft 4 is made tubular, but with a stop between the chambers in
the box 21, and the water entering at one end passes by ports from the
shaft into the chamber communicating with the inlet pipe 19, whilst
the other chamber communicates by ports with the part of the shaft on
the other side of the stop, and thereby gives egress to the water from the
outlet pipe 20. If preferred the pocket or trough (5, 6,) for the liquid
may be arranged externally, as shown in transverse vertical section in
Figure 3, the external surface of a horizontal cylinder 1 being used for
the cooling operation, or the inside and outside arrangements may be
combined in one machine. The cylinder 1 in Figure 3 is in fact shown
as made suitable for such double arrangement, being formed with two
metal shells between which the stream of cooling water is to pass, but
the internal arrangements being the same as those of the modification
shown in Figures 1 and 2 have not been completely shown in Figure 3.
When the inside of a cylinder is used the arrangements herein-before
described may be transposed, as shown in transverse vertical section in
Figure 4, that is to say, the liquid may lie in the bottom of the cylinder 1,
whilst a trough 5, 6, is arranged at one side with a scraper or scraping
edge 11 to receive the solidified substance, and is furnished with a
screw 12 for discharging it at one end.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I have to state that I do not
restrict myself to the precise details herein described or delineated, but
that what I believe to be novel and original and claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1. The arranging of a rotating metallic surface cooled by enclosed
streams of water, so as at one part to pass under and take up a film of

page_text: the liquid, which film is cooled and solidified or partially solidified in
passing round on the surface, and is finally removed therefrom by means
of a scraper, substantially as herein-before described.
2. The applying of the screw 12 in combination with the scraper 11,
and in the manner herein-before described, so as to deliver and at the
same time break up the solidified substance.
In witness whereof, I, the said Norman McFarlane Henderson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
NORMAN M. HENDERSON. (L.S.)