AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR TREATING MADDER FOR OBTAINING AND SEPARATING ALIZARINE AND PURPURINE THEREFROM
Year: 1874

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Hector Auguste Dufrené, of No. 10, Rue de la
Fidélité, Paris, in the Republic of France, and 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR TREATING MADDER FOR
OBTAINING AND SEPARATING ALIZARINE AND PURPURINE THEREFROM."-A
communication from Monsieur Jules Pernod, residing at Avignon,.
in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hector Auguste Dufrené
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th March 1874.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris,
in the Republic of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil.
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature. of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR TREATING MADDER FOR OBTAINING
AND SEPARATING ALIZARINE AND PURPURINE THEREFROM," to be as follows, that
is to say :-

page_text: madder reduced to powder with a solution of sulphate of alumina,
boiling at about six to seven degrees Beaumé, in the proportions of about
one hundred pounds of madder to three thousand pounds of sulphate of
alumina. The whole is boiled during about a quarter of an hour, and
the solution is then filtered; and to the filtered liquid containing the
purpurine I add sulphuric acid which precipitates the purpurine after
cooling. This precipitate is washed and drained to a pasty consistence
and is then ready for commerce.
The sulphate of alumina solution may be used over again if care bo
taken to neutralize its sulphuric acid by carbonate of lime.
The ligneous residue of the madder from which the purpurine has
been thus separated is treated with about one-fifth of its weight of
sulphuric acid at sixty-six degrees Beaumé; water is added and the
temperature is raised to about two hundred and twelve degrees
Fahrenheit. After about an hour's time the mass is washed over a filter
and as soon as the sulphuric acid has been removed the product which
remains after draining and washing is alizarine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Hector Auguste Dufrené in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd September 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HECTOR
AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the
Republic of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Hector Auguste Dufrené,
Her special licence that I, the said Hector Auguste Dufrené, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Hector Auguste Dufrené, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and

page_text: a com-
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR TREATING MADDER FOR
OBTAINING AND SEPARATING ALIZARINE AND PURPURINE THEREFROM,"
munication from Monsieur Jules Pernod, a person resident at Avignon,
in the Republic of France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Hector Auguste Dufrené my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hector Auguste Dufrené, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:-
To carry out the improved process of the Invention communicated
to me for the separation of the two principal colouring matters contained
in madder, I treat madder, flowers of madder, garancine, and other
derivatives from madder, previously reduced to powder with a boiling
solution of sulphate of alumina marking about six or seven degrees
Beaumé, in the proportions of two hundred and twenty pounds of
madder or its equivalent of madder flower or garancine to six hundred
and sixty gallons of aluminous solution. After about a quarter of an
hour's ebullition the solution is filtered to separate the liquid part con-
taining the purpurine from the powdered madder left on the filter. To
the filtered liquid is added a quantity of sulphuric acid, sufficient to
precipitate the colouring matter after the cooling of the liquor. The
orange red precipitate thus obtained is then submitted to repeated wash-
ings for the purpose of freeing it from the whole of the sulphate of
alumina. It is then drained on a filter to a pasty consistence, and in
that state it is ready for use and will print textile fabrics by direct
application with orange reds possessing great brilliancy.
The sulphate of alumina employed for this operation may be re-
employed for treating madder. For this purpose it is merely necessary
after separating the purpurine to add to it a quantity of carbonate of

page_text: lime, sufficient to saturate the whole of the acid employed for the pre-
cipitation of the colouring matter. The supernatant liquid is allowed to
deposit and is decanted, and may thus be employed over and over again
for fresh operations.
To the ligneous residuum from the treatment of madder by sulphate
of alumina and which contains alizarine, is added from thirty-three to
forty-four pounds of sulphuric acid at sixty-six degrees per two hundred
and twenty pounds of madder first employed. After that operation
sufficient water is added to obtain a fluid paste, and the whole mass is
carried to a temperature of one hundred degrees centigrade. At the 1
end of one hour's ebullition the matter is thrown on to a filter to free it
by washing with spring water from sulphuric acid. The completion of
this operation is ascertained by the rose colour which the wash water
contracts. It is then only necessary to allow the product to drain and
to dry and reduce it to powder; in this state it is ready for use to obtain 1
on textile fabrics violets of great purity; and in dyeing Turkey red,
reds of great brilliancy.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hector Auguste Dufrené, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy- 2
four.