Process and Apparatus for making Coke and saving By-products.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Process and Apparatus for making Coke and saving By-products.
PAUL NAEF, Doctor of Philosophy, Chemical Engineer, 15, 3rd Avenue,
New Brighton, S.T., New York, U.S.A., do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
-:
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the manufacture of coke,
gas, tar, ammonia and allied products, and the object of the invention is to
provide a process and apparatus to produce coke or to coke coal, in a single
furnace in much larger quantities than has been done heretofore, and on a scale
commensurate with the requirements of a blast furnace, and to utilize the by-
products.
Further objects of the invention are to provide a process and apparatus to
produce coke and by-products of coal, without waste of heat, so that the heat
units required for the distillation only, are consumed; the remaining heat units
being contained in the coke and gas; to increase the production of ammonia by
the action of superheated steam on the coke in an incandescent state; to utilize
most of the volatile matters for the production of tar and gaseous hydrocarbons;
to utilize the heat of the incandescent coke for producing steam and superheating
the same; to make the coking of coal and the cooling and loading of the coke
wholly automatic; to manufacture fuel and illuminating gases, as well as tar,
ammonia and coke; to reduce the cost of plant investment and repairs per ton
of coke; and to effect great economies in the cost of production, and in the
utilization of the by-products.
Further objects of the invention are, to utilize, the nitrogenous compounds,
which are with ordinary coking processes left in the coke, (and which usually
represent more than fifty per cent of the nitrogen contents of the coal,) for the
production of ammonia; also to produce a coke containing a low percentage of ash.
The coke ovens heretofore used for coking coal to recover or to utilize the by-
products, bave the disadvantage in that they are very costly, requiring considerable
repair, and producing a very limited amount of coke per oven.

page_text: My process and apparatus is designed to obviate all these disadvantages and
objections, and to obtain the results hereinbefore stated, by a new method of
supplying all or part of the heat necessary for the distillation of the coal, by
passing incandescent gases through the material to be coked. These gases are
produced by the combustion of fuel in the coking apparatus itself, by injecting
hot or cold air with or without steam into the same.
If a smaller volume and consequently a richer gas containing a low percentage
of nitrogen is desired, or in cases where there is limited use for the gas, it is
preferable to force air, previously heated in a heating stove, through the coking
material; part of the heat necessary for the coking is thus supplied by the pre-
heated air, the rest by the combustion of a small percentage of the coke. The
volume of gas can still further be reduced by supplying part of the heat required
for distillation, through firebrick tiles as shown, in the Fig. 5, and more specially
described and claimed by me in another application of even date.
The incandescent gases pass through a column of coking material of consider-
able height. They escape from the top of the apparatus, carrying tar and
ammonia, and at a temperature not much higher than is necessary to prevent
condensation of tar.
As the coke is subjected to considerable pressure during its formation, this
process is adapted for the manufacture of metallurgical coke.
The invention also relates to the apparatus for carrying out the process, as the
hot gases arc forced into the coking column under pressure, it is an important
feature to have an apparatus from which the coke can be withdrawn without
escape of gas or steam. This is achieved by injecting the air at such a height
into the column of coking material, that the resistance offered to the passage of
the gas is nearly the same in the downward as in the upward direction as
especially described in another application of even date.
If air previously heated is injected into the coking apparatus, and also in cases
where the height of the cooling chamber has to be decreased, the escape of gas
from the bottom of the apparatus is prevented by using iron doors between the
upper part of the apparatus (coking chamber) and the lower part (cooling chamber).
Other important features of the apparatus are, that the coke is automatically
discharged, crushed, screened and loaded into railway cars without manual labour.
It is an important feature that by applying my process, blast furnaces already
built, can be utilized for the production of coke, tar, gas and ammonia. The
changes which are necessary for such utilization are to introduce the blast at a
higher level, and to rebuild the bottom part of the furnace, similar to that shown
in drawings.
The process is intended for a production of up to 200 tons or more of coke
per day in a single apparatus, while the coke ovens now in use furnish only
from 3 to 5 tons per day.
In the accompanying drawings forming part of this application:-Fig. 1 iš
a vertical section illustrating the coking apparatus having water-cooled doors,
between the coking and cooling chambers.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section of Fig. 1 at right angles thereto. The section
of the upper part is taken through one of the cooling-door's shaft: in the lower
part it is taken through the apex of the cone of the cooling chamber, also
showing a view of the discharging arrangement.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section view through the cooling doors' shafts and
cooling ring.
Fig. 4 is a cross section on the lines C C Figs. 1 & 2.
Fig. 5 is in part a sectional view showing a complete plant, consisting of
heating stoves, coking apparatus, washing apparatus, the necessary pipe con-
nections and air pump. Fig. 6 is a cross section view of Fig. 5. The same
numerals and letters of reference denote the same parts throughout the several
figures of the drawings.
°
In Figs. 5 and 6 the coking apparatus is composed of a coking chamber, 1,

page_text: having a suitable mechanical feed, 2, at the top, which may be connected with
an elevator, and a bottom cooling chamber, 3, in communication with the
coking chamber. At the juncture of the coking and cooling chambers the cross
section of the apparatus is contracted, and the wall of the apparatus forms an
incline, 4, for the passage of the material into the cooling chamber, 3. A cir-
cular chamber, 5, surrounds the contracted portion of the apparatus, and is
connected with the coking chamber by a radial series of ducts, 6.
Air is sup-
plied to the chamber or channel, 5, and thence to the coking chamber by pipe, 7.
The hot air blasts entering through the ducts, 6, under considerable pressure,
are driven well in towards the centre of the charge of coke and then pass up
through the column of coking material in the coking chamber, and discharge,
along with all the volatile products of the coal, through pipe, 8, at a tempera-
ture not much higher than is necessary to prevent condensation of tar. Pipe 8,
conducts its contents to a suitable washing apparatus, 9, to remove the tar, and
thence to a similar apparatus, 10, to remove the ammonia, the said washers
being connected with a pipe, 11, and the pipe 12 conducts the gas to a gas-
holder not shown. Under ordinary conditions the air is injected into the coking
apparatus at such a height, that no gas escapes, when coke is withdrawn from
the bottom, no doors being used between the coking and cooling chambers.
As mentioned before it is preferable to use doors, 13, between the coking and
cooling chambers, when hot air is injected into the apparatus. In the cooling
chamber ammonia is produced from the nitrogenous compounds of the coke, and
if such ammonia would pass through the high temperature zone, near the entrance
of the hot air, as in the case of the apparatus without doors, such ammonia
would be destroyed by the high temperature. By using the doors, 13, one is
enabled to draw off the steam containing ammonia, which is produced in the
cooling chamber, 3, for the recovery of the said ammonia, or for the purpose of
conducting it into the upper part of the coking chamber.
sup-
I will now describe the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to 4, having iron doors
between the coking and cooling chambers, and special mechanical discharging
arrangements for the coke. The coking chamber, 1, of this apparatus
ported on iron columns, 14, and the cooling chamber has discharging doors, B,
with a rack bar, C, operated by toothed wheels 1), for raising them. The coke
falls onto a double sloping floor E, along the ridge of which is a perforated
pipe F, for injecting steam or spraying water. At the bottom of the slopes or
part way down them, there are shafts G, having secured thereto sleeves H,
provided with fingers I, which feed the coke or force it down the slopes and
out through the discharge doors B on to the inclined screens K. The shafts G,
are operated simultaneously from the outside by a worm gear mechanism L. A
number of radially arranged steam pipes, 15, supply steam to the cooling chamber.
As in this case, the coking chamber is supported by iron columns, the cooling
chamber can be constructed of an iron casing having a thin lining of bricks.
Between the coking and cooling chambers is interposed a hollow iron ring, 16,
which can if necessary be cooled by circulating water through it. This ring is
made in sections with tight joints; it surrounds the doors, 13, so as to render
the latter accessible. The ring sections are connected together for water circula-
tion by short pipes, 17. A water induction pipe, 18, leads in from a water
tank, 19, to a branch pipe, 20, the ends of which have turning joint connec-
tions, with the ends, respectively of the hollow shafts 21, the other ends of the
said shafts having like rotary joint connections, 22, with branches, 23, of a
discharge pipe, 24, leading to the water tank, 19. Midway in each of the hollow
shafts, 21, there is a partition, 25, and upon each side of the said partitions
there are openings, 26 and 27, in the hollow shafts which register with like
openings 28, and 29 in the bottom of the hollow doors, 13. This construction
allows water to circulate from the tank through the pipes 18 and 20, through
one end of the hollow shafts, 21, and the openings, 20 and 28, into the hollow
doors; back through the openings, 27 and 29, into the hollow shafts beyond the

page_text: partitions, 25, and out by the pipes, 23, and 24. Water is likewise caused to
circulate through the sections of the water ring, 16, and the pipe connections
there between, 17, by an induction pipe, 30, and a discharge pipe, 31, connecting
with the pipe, 24. There is thus provided a double cooling apparatus for the
doors with their shafts and the ring, therefore accumulation of steam in the
doors, is wholly avoided.
The doors are operated as before stated, by the shafts, 21, mounted in bear-
ings, 32, and turned by worm gearing, 33, operated by a hand wheel, 34, carried
by the worm shaft, 35. By manipulating the hand-wheel the two shafts with
their respective doors are turned simultaneously.
Hot or cold air is forced into the general blast main, 36, surrounding 'the
apparatus, and enters the coking chamber, through numerous branch pipes, 37,
and ducts at a high velocity.
If heated air is used, the general blast main, 36, and branch pipes, 37, are
lined with brick or some other non-conducting material.
In Figures 5 and 6, the coking chamber is lined with hollow tiles, 38, form-
ing a series of vertical flues, 39, which open at the bottom on the outside of the
chamber wall; at the top they open into an annular flue, 40, which has a
chimney, 41, for carrying off the products of combustion. A gas pipe, 42,
encircles the exterior of the coking chamber, and is provided with a number of
branch gas pipes, 43, the ends of which extend into the said open ends of the
heating flues.
For heating the air blast to a high temperature there is shown in Figs. 5
and 6, a pair of heating stoves, 44, and 45, with the induction pipes, 46, and 47,
leading from the air pump, 48, and the delivery pipes, 49, and 50, connected
with the hot air flue, 5, of the apparatus. The punip, 48, sucks from under the
hood, 51, above the coke discharging doors, 52, so as to remove and dispose of
any gases escaping during the drawing of the coke. l'ipe connections for gas
for heating the stoves are shown at 53, and the chimney flue therefor, 54.
Suitable valves, 55, allow for the alternate use of the heating stoves, one heat-
ing up with gas, while air for the hot blast is being forced through the heated
stove.
-
The operation of the apparatus as depicted in the figures, by which it is intended
to manufacture gas containing but a small percentage of nitrogen, is as follows:-
Coal elevated into the feed hopper of the coking chamber is discharged there-
into, and, as the charge works downwards, reaching a higher and higher temper-
ature in its descent through heat from the gas-heated flues in the furnace or
chamber walls, if such are used, and through the hot air blasts, until it finally
reaches the maximum temperature at a point just above the doors, and within
the zone of the converging air blasts, at which points all traces of volatile matter
are removed. As the doors are at intervals partially opened, the incandescent
coke drops down into the cooling chamber, where it meets the jets of steam,
and is cooled by the sprays of water; the steam being superheated and decom-
posed in its passage through the hot coke, setting free ammonia and cooling
the coke. The coke is from time to time discharged through the doors at the
"bottom of the cooling chamber, gravitating down over the sloping floor thereof.
Gas and all volatile products pass out through the pipe, 8, and are conducted to
the washers for removing the tar and ammonia.
It will be observed that my process furnishes an amount of fuel gas which
can be regulated by the temperature of the blast, and by supplying more or
less heat from the flues in the chamber walls. The fuel gas can be carburetted,
and some of the oils and tars produced by my process can be employed for this
purpose.
The quality of the gas can be still further improved by mixing steam with
the air before blowing it into the heating stoves. If the quality of the gas is
no object cold air with or without steam is blown into the coking apparatus.
It is obvious, as the case may require, that the general construction of the

page_text: apparatus can be varied to effect the best results in the process, without depart-
ing from the spirit of my invention.
PAUL NAEF,
Applicant.
PAUL NAEF, Ph. D., Chemical Engineer, 15,-3rd Avenue, New Brighton, S.T.,
New York, U.S.A., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the manufacture. of coke,
gas, tar and ammonia. One object of the invention is to provide a process and
apparatus to produce coke, or to coke coal, in a single furnace in much larger
quantities than has been done heretofore, and on a scale commensurate with the
requirements of a blast furnace, and to utilize the by-products. ;
Further objects of the invention are, to provide a process and apparatus to
produce coke and by-products from coal without waste of heat, so that the heat
units required for the distillation only, are consumed, the remaining heat units
being contained in the coke and gas; to increase the production of ammonia
by the action of steam on nitrogenous constituents of the coke; to utilize most
of the volatile matter of the fuel for the production of tar and gaseous hydro-
carbons to utilize the heat of the incandescent coke for producing steam and
superheating the same; to make the coking of coal, and the cooling and loading
of the coke wholly automatic; to manufacture fuel and illuminating gases as
well as tar, ammonia, and coke to reduce the cost of plant investment and
repairs per ton of coke, and to effect great economies in the cost of production
and in the utilization of the by-products.
Further objects of the invention are to utilize the nitrogenous compounds,
which are with ordinary coking processes left in the coke (and which usually
represent more than fifty per cent of the nitrogen contents of the coal) for the
production of ammonia; also to produce a coke containing only a small amount
of ash.
The coke ovens heretofore used, for coking coal, to recover or utilize the by-
products, have the disadvantage in that they are very costly, requiring con-
siderable repair and producing a very limited amount of coke per oven.
My process and apparatus is designed to obviate these disadvantages and objec-
tions, and to obtain the results hereinbefore stated, by an improved method of
supplying all or part of the heat necessary for the distillation of the coal, aby
passing incandescent gases through the material to be coked. These gases, are
produced by the combustion of fuel in the coking apparatus itself by injecting
hot or cold air, with or without steam into the same.
If a smaller volume and consequently a richer gas, containing a low percentage
of nitrogen is desired, or in cases where there is a limited use for the gas, it is
preferable to force air, previously heated in a hot air stove through the coking
material, part of the heat necessary for the coking is thus supplied by the pre-
heated air, the rest by the combustion of a small percentage of the .coke. The
volume of gas can still further be reduced by supplying part of the heat required
for distillation through fire brick tiles as shown in the Figure V, and more
especially described and claimed by me in another application of even..date.

page_text: The incandescent gases pass through a column of coking material of consider-
able height. They escape from the top of the apparatus, carrying tar and
ammonia and at a temperature, not much higher than is necessary to prevent
condensation of tar.
The coke is subjected to considerable pressure, caused by the height of the
coking column, during its formation. The process is adapted for the manufac-
ture of metallurgical coke.
This invention also relates to the apparatus for carrying out the process. As
the hot gases are forced into the coking column under pressure, it is an important
feature to have an apparatus from which the coke can be withdrawn without
escape of steam or gas. This is achieved by injecting the air at such a height
into the column of coking material, that the resistance offered to the passage
of the gas is nearly the same in the downward as in the upward direction, as
especially described in another application of even date.
If air previously heated is injected into the coking apparatus, and also in
cases where the height of the cooling chamber has to be decreased, the escape
of gas from the bottom of the apparatus is prevented by using iron doors between
the upper part of the apparatus (coking chamber) and the lower part (cooling
chamber).
Other important features of the apparatus are, that the coke is automatically
discharged crushed and screened, and loaded into railway cars without manual
labour.
It is an important feature that by applying my process, blast furnaces already
built can be utilized for the production of coke, tar, gas, and ammonia. The
changes which are necessary for such utilization are to introduce the blast at
a higher level, and to rebuild the bottom part of the furnace as shown in the
drawings.
The process is intended for a production of up to 200 tons of coke or more
per day in a single apparatus, while the coke ovens now in use furnish only
from 3 to 5 tons per day.
In the drawings filed with the Provisional Specification, forming part of the
application:-
Fig. 1 is a vertical section illustrating the coking apparatus having water-
cooled doors between the coking and cooling chambers.
Figure II is a vertical section of Fig. I, at right angles thereto.
Figure III is a horizontal section view through the gates, shaft and cooling
ring.
Figure IV is a cross section view on the lines C C Figures I and II.
Figure Vis a in part sectional view showing a complete plant consisting of
air-stoves, coking apparatus, washing apparatus, the necessary pipe connections
and air pump.
Figure VI is a cross section view of Figure V.
The same numerals and letters of reference denote the same parts throughout
the several figures of the drawings.
In the Figures V and VI the coking apparatus is composed of a coking
chamber 1, having a suitable mechanical feed 2, at the top, which may be con-
nected with an elevator and a bottom cooling chamber 3, in communication
with the coking chamber. At the juncture of the coking and cooling chambers,
the cross-section of the apparatus is contracted and the wall of the apparatus
forms an incline 4, for the passage of the material into the cooling chamber.
A circular channel 5, surrounds the contracted portion of the apparatus and
is connected with the coking chamber by a radial series of ducts 6.
Air is supplied to the chamber or channel 5; and thence to the coking
chamber by pipe 7.
The air blasts entering through the ducts 6, under considerable pressure, are
driven well in towards the centre of the charge of coke and then pass up through
the column of coking material in the coking chamber and discharge along with

page_text: all the volatile products of the coal, through pipe 8 at a temperature not: much
higher than is necessary to prevent condensation of tar.
Pipe 8 conducts its contents to a suitable washing apparatus 9, to remove the
tar, and thence to a similar apparatus 10 to remove the ammonia, said: washers:
being connected with a pipe 11, and the pipe 12 conducts the gas to a gas' holder,.
not shown.
Under ordinary conditions the air is injected into the coking apparatus at:
such a height, that no gas escapes, when coke is withdrawn, from the bottom,
no doors being used between the coking and cooling chambers.
As mentioned before, it is preferable to use doors 13, between the cooling and
coking chambers, when hot air is injected into the apparatus. In the cooling
chamber, ammonia is produced from the nitrogenous compounds of the coke, and
if such ammonia would pass through the high temperature zone near the entrance
of the hot air, as in the case with the apparatus without doors, such ammonia.
would be destroyed' by the high temperature.
By using the doors 13, one is enabled to draw off the steam containing ammonia,
which is produced in the cooling chamber 3, for the recovery of said ammonia.
or for the purpose of conducting it into the upper part of coking chamber 1.
I will now describe the apparatus shown in Figures I to II having iron doors
between cooling and coking chambers and special mechanical discharging
arrangements for the coke.
The coking chamber 1, of this apparatus is supported on iron columns 14,
and the cooling chamber has discharging doors B, with a rack bar C operated
by toothed wheels D for raising them.
The coke falls on a double sloping floor E along the ridge of which there is
a perforated pipe F for injecting steam or spraying water. At the bottom of
the slopes or part way down the slopes, there are shafts G, having secured
thereto a sleeve H, provided with fingers I, which feed the coke or force it
down the slopes out through the discharge doors B, at the same time partly
crushing it; and it slides down over the inclined screens K. The shafts G are
operated simultaneously from the outside by a worm gear mechanism L. A
number of radially arranged steam pipes 15, supply steam to the cooling chamber.
As in this case the coking chamber is supported by iron columns, the cooling
chamber can be constructed of an iron casing having a thin lining of bricks.
Between the coking and cooling chambers is interposed a hollow iron ring 16,
which can, if necessary
be cooled by circulating water through it. This ring
is made in sections with tight joints, and it surrounds the doors 13, so as to
render the latter accessible, the ring sections are connected together for water-
circulation, by short pipes 17. A water induction pipe 18, leads in from a
water tank 19, to a branch pipe 20, the ends of which have turning joint con-
nections with the ends respectively of the hollow shafts 21, the other ends of
the said shaft having like rotary joint connections 22, with branches 23, of a
discharge pipe 24, leading to the water tank 19. Midway in each of the hollow
shafts 21, there is a partition 25, and upon each side of said partitions there
are openings 26, and 27, in the hollow shafts, which register with like openings 28
and 29, in the bottom of the hollow doors 13. This construction allows water
to circulate from the tank 19, through the pipes 18 and 20, through one end
of the hollow shafts 21, and the openings 26 and 27 into the hollow doors; back
through the openings 28 and 29 into the hollow shafts beyond the partitions 25,
and out by the ripes 23, and 24. Water is likewise caused to circulate through
the sections of the water ring 16, and the pipe connections there between 17, by
an induction pipe 30, and a discharge pipe 31, connecting with the pipe 24.
There is thus provided a double cooling apparatus for the doors and their shafts
and the ring therefore accumulation of steam in the doors is wholly avoided.
The doors are operated as before stated, by the shafts 21, mounted in the
bearings 32, and turned by worm-gearing 33, operated by a hand wheel 34,
carried by the worm shaft 35.

page_text: By manipulating the hand wheel, the two shafts and their respective doors;
are turned simultaneously.
Hot or cold air is forced into the general blast main 36, surrounding the
apparatus and enters the coking chamber through numerous branch pipes 37,
and ducts, at a high velocity.
If heated air is used the general blast main 36, and branch pipe 37, are lined
with brick or other non-conducting material.
In Figures V and VI the coking chamber is lined with hollow tiles 38; forming
a series of vertical flues 39, which open at the bottom on the outside of chamber:
wall; at the top they open into an annular flue 40, which has a chimney 41,
for carrying off the products of combustion.
A gas pipe 42 encircles the exterior of the coking chamber and is provided
with a number of branch gas pipes 43, the ends of which extend into the said
open ends of the heating flues 39.
For heating the air blast to a higher temperature, there is shown in Figures V
and VI a pair of heating stoves 44 and 45, with the induction pipes 46 and 47,
leading from the air pump 48, and the delivery pipes 49 and 50 connected with
the hot air flue 5, of the apparatus. The pump 48, sucks from under the hood 51,
above the coke discharging doors 52, so as to remove and dispose of any gases
escaping during the drawing of the coke. Pipe connections for gas, for heating
the stoves are shown at 53, and the chimney flue therefor 54. Suitable valves 55,
allow for the alternate use of the heating stoves, one warming up with gas,
while air for the hot blast is being forced through the heated stove.
The operation of the apparatus as depicted in the figures, by which it is
intended to manufacture gas containing but a small percentage of nitrogen is
as follows:-
Coal elevated into the feed hopper of the coking chamber is discharged there-
into, and as the charge works downwards, reaching a higher and higher
temperature in its descent, through heat from the gas heated flues in the furnace
walls, if such are used and through the hot air blasts until it finally reaches
the maximum temperature at a point just above the doors and within the zone
of the converging air blasts, at which point all traces of volatile matter are
removed. As the doors are at intervals partially opened the incandescent coke
drops down into the cooling chamber, where it meets the jets of steam and is
cooled by the sprays of water the steam being superheated and decomposed in
its passage through the hot coke, setting free ammonia and cooling the coke.
The coke is discharged through the doors at the bottom of the cooling chamber
gravitating down through the sloping floor thereof.
Gas and all volatile products pass out through the pipe 8, and are conducted
to the washers for removing the tar and ammonia.
It will be observed, that my process furnishes an amount of fuel gas, which
can be regulated by the temperature of the blast, and by supplying more or
less heat from the flues in the chamber walls.
The fuel gas can be carburetted and some of the oils and tars produced by
my process, can be used for this purpose.
The quality of the gas can be still further improved by mixing steam with
the air, before blowing it into the air heating stoves. If the quality of the
gas is no object, cold air with or without steam, is blown into the coking apparatus.
It is obvious as the case may require, that the general construction of the
apparatus can be varied to effect the best results in the process, without departing
from the spirit of my invention.
For the purpose of improving the gas and reducing the volume of air necessary
for the coking process, steam can be mixed with the air and the mixture passed
through air heaters, and afterwards into the coking apparatus.
The steam necessary for the production of ammonia from nitrogenous con-
stituents of the coke can be superheated in heaters before it is injected into the

page_text: lower part for the purpose of increasing the production of ammonia. In such
cases no water or only a small amount of water is injected.
In cases where only a limited amount of gas can be utilized, part of the gas
from the coking apparatus is, after recovery of ammonia and tar therefrom,
burnt in air superheaters. Part of the heat is thus derived from the gas and
supplied in the hot air, therefore, only a small amount has to be furnished by
combustion of fuel in the apparatus.
As before mentioned the process can be carried out in the coking apparatus
described in another application of the same date 7951, 1898, dated under Inter-
national Convention 7th Sept. 1897, which shows no doors between the upper
and lower parts of the apparatus, and which I wish to claim also for this purpose.
The difficulty, of destroying ammonia by passing the same upwards, is avoided
by drawing the gas off from the lower part separately without using doors.
which improvement forms part of a new application.
I am aware, that it has been proposed to inject air into coke ovens, and also
to inject steam into coke. I therefore do not claim such operations broadly,
but the particular methods of carrying them out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The process of producing coke, gas and by-products, which consists in
charging carbonaceous fuel into a shaft, withdrawing coke from the same,"
injecting air into the upper part of the said shaft and conducting the hot gases,
produced by combustion, through the said upper part, simultaneously treating,
the resultant coke with steam, by injecting the same at various points in the
lower part of the shaft, for the production of ammonia.
2. The process of producing coke, gas and by-products, which consists in
charging carbonaceous fuel into a shaft, withdrawing coke from the same,
injecting hot air into the upper part of the said shaft and conducting the hot
gases produced by combustion through the said upper part, simultaneously
treating the resultant coke with steam, by injecting the same at various points
in the lower part of the shaft for the production of ammonia.
3. The process of producing coke, gas and by-products, which consists in
charging carbonaceous fuel into a shaft, withdrawing coke from the same,
injecting a heated mixture of air and steam into the upper part of the said
shaft and conducting the hot gases produced by combustion, through the said
upper part, simultaneously treating the resultant coke with steam, by injecting
the same at various points in the lower part of the shaft, for the production of
ammonia.
4. The process for the continuous production of coke, gas and by-products,
which consists in injecting air into a body of fuel to supply sufficient heat for
the coking by combustion, in such a way that the gases leave the apparatus
continuously, at a temperature not much higher than is necessary to prevent
the condensation of tar.
5. The method of producing coke, by-products and gas containing
a small
percentage of nitrogen and comparatively rich in hydrocarbons, which consists
in heating air in separate air-heating stoves, and continuously forcing the hot
air into a descending column of fuel and conducting the hot gases, produced
by combustion, through the same for the purpose of coking the coal.
6. The method of producing coke, gas and by-products, which consists in
forcing heated air into a body of fuel, conducting the hot gas thus produced by
combustion through the fuel, for the purpose of coking the same, treating the
resultant gases for recovery of by-products, burning some of the washed gas in
air-heating stoves, conducting the air through the heated stoves before it is
injected into the coking apparatus.
7. The process for producing coke, by-products and a gas containing a small

page_text: percentage of nitrogen and comparatively rich in hydrocarbons, which consists
in heating a mixture of air and steam in a heating apparatus and forcing the
said mixture, after heating, through a body of coking material.
8. The process for producing coke, gas and by-products, which consists in
charging coking material into a shaft withdrawing coke from the bottom of
said shaft, injecting air into said shaft at such a height, that the hot gases
produced, by combustion, pass through the fine coking material upwards, so
that coke can be withdrawn, without loss of gas or steam from the bottom.
9. The process of producing coke, which consists in continuously charging
carbonaceous fuel into a shaft, withdrawing coke from the same, injecting hot
air into the upper part of the said shaft and conducting the hot gases produced
by combustion, through the said upper part, simultaneously treating the resul-
tant coke with steam, by injecting the same at various points in the lower
part of the shaft for the production of ammonia.
10. The process of producing coke, by-products and a gas containing a small
percentage of nitrogen and comparatively rich in hydrocarbons, which consists
in supplying part of the heat required for coking, by means of heated flues in
the sides of the apparatus, another part being supplied by air, or a mixture
of air and steam, previously heated, forced through the coking material, and
only the remainder by the combustion of fuel in the coking chamber.
11. The process of producing coke, gas and ammonia, which consists in injecting
air into the upper part of a shaft containing coking material and passing the
hot gases produced by combustion through the said material for the purpose of
coking the same, injecting steam into the resultant coke on a lower level for
the purpose of producing ammonia and finally water at a still lower level for
the purpose of cooling the coke.
12. A coking apparatus consisting of a vertical shaft having means for
charging fuel on top, and discharging coke at the bottom, means for injecting
hot or cold air, and conducting the hot gases produced by combustion, through
the upper part, for the purpose of coking, and means for treating the coke with
steam and water in the lower part for the purpose of producing ammonia and
for cooling.
13. A coking apparatus consisting of an upper part having means for feeding
fuel on top, means for injecting hot or cold air into, and conducting the hot
gases produced by combustion through the upper part for the purpose of coking,
a lower part having means for treating the coke with steam and water for the
purpose of producing ammonia and revolvable doors at the juncture of said
upper and lower parts.
14. A coking apparatus consisting of an upper chamber independently sup-
ported for coking the fuel, a lower chamber for treating the resultant coke with
steam and water, a ring between said chambers, and doors within said ring.
15. The combination with a coking apparatus, of the doors having water
channels, the hollow revolvable shafts carrying the doors, said doors and shafts
having communicating water passages.
16. The combination with the hollow doors adapted to contain water, and
having water openings, of the revolvable hollow shafts to which the doors are
secured, and adapted to contain water; said shafts having water openings for
the circulation of water through the shafts and doors.
17. The combination with the hollow doors and the revolvable hollow shafts
to which the doors are secured, of the water ring surrounding the doors, and
the pipes for water circulation through the ring, doors and shafts.
18. The combination with hollow doors having a partition and the hollow
revolvable shafts to which the doors are secured having a partition and a cooling
ring formed in sections and surrounding the doors, and with the shafts extended
therethrough, of means for circulating water from a water supply, through the
shafts, doors, and ring, comprising an induction pipe having branches joined
to one end of the shafts so that the latter can be revolved, an induction pipe

page_text: from said branch to the ring, a discharge pipe connected to said water supply
and having branch pipes with rotary joints at the other end of the shafts, and
a discharge pipe from the said ring to the said discharge branch.
Dated this 97th day of May 1808
PAUL NAEF,
Applicant.