IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING SUGAR CANES:
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Buchanan, of 25, Bucklersbury, London,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING SUGAR
CANES:"
.
Sealed the 21st August 1874, and dated the 12th March 1874.

page_text: And the second part of my said Invention relates to improvements in
that class of sugar cane crushing machinery, wherein a steam engine is
combined with a sugar mill on the same iron foundation plate.
The first part of my said Invention is as follows:-1. The standards
or side frames for carrying the sugar mill rollers I make of a novel con-
struction consisting of a combination and adaption of the iron tie bar,
(at sides and through which the adjusting screws pass) to and with side
frames or standards made either wholly of cast iron, or but partially
plated with wrought-iron plates, the said tie bars & pins for securing
same being also suitably modified to properly effect the above purpose.
Hitherto I have used tie bars only with side frames with wrought-iron
plates at the sides, but by my new arrrangement I use them with
standards or side frames above described. By this new plan the cost and
difficulty of manufacture are greatly decreased, and the price pro-
portionately lessened.
The second head of the first part of my said Invention relates to the
mode of constructing the side frames or standards and sole plates of
sugar mills.
By my new arrangement I cast the side frames or
standards on to the sole or foundation plate with which they form one
picce instead of bolting them together as heretoforç. By this means I
secure the following advantages, viz. :-A, increased strength; B,
reduced weight; C, greater facility of and less cost of manufacture; D,
greater facility of erection.
The second part of my said Invention relates to the construction and
arrangement of the machinery wherein a sugar mill and steam engine arc
combined on the same base plate, and in which I have invented the
following improvements :-
1. I adopt a peculiar method of toothed gearing consisting of pinions
of wrought iron or other equally strong material without flanges working
into cast-iron spur wheels, the rims of the latter being flanged for the
purpose of strengthening the tecth, by which improvements the size of
the wheels & pinions composing the gearing is reduced, the centre of
gravity is brought lower down, and the machine reduced in weight and
cöst, while it becomes easier to adjust the gearing owing to the pinions
haine without flanges
1

page_text: .
And 2. Instead of the ordinary mode of working the cylinder slide
valves in machines of the kind alluded to I work the said slide valves in
a peculiar method by means of a projection from the crank pin, and I
make the connecting rod of the steam engine with a one sided forked
lever to allow of the before-mentioned arrangement for working the
valve being properly carried out. By this arrangement the machinery is
simplified, the number of working parts is reduced in comparison with
the ordinary arrangement of working the slide valve by an eccentric and
the parts become easier of access.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Buchanan in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st September 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
BUCHANAN, of 25, Bucklersbury, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Buchanan, Her special licence
that I, the said George Buchanan, my exccutors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Buchanan, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING SUGAR CANES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Buchanan, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Buchanan, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereto annexed,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
one nature of my salt invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereto annexed,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery used in
crushing sugar canes.
The first part of my Invention has reference to the sugar mill proper,
apart from any machinery or motive power which may be employed for
driving the same.
The second part of my Invention relates to improvements in that class
of sugar cane crushing machinery wherein a steam engine is combined
with a sugar
mill on the same iron foundation plate. Tie bars to allow
of easily removing the lower rollers according to Buchanan's system
have only hitherto been used with side frames with wrought-iron plates
at the sides.
According to the first part of my Invention I combine iron tie bars at
sides, and through which the adjusting screws pass with side frames or
standards made wholly of cast iron or but partially plated with wrought-
iron plates, and I effect the aforesaid combination by a novel shape of
iron tie bar, and by leaving a hollow space in the cast-iron standard
behind the lower part of the said tie bar. By this arrangement the cost
and difficulty of manufacture are greatly reduced. I also (without
rendering difficult the transport of the pieces) cast the said side frames or
standards in one piece with the sole or foundation plate or component
parts of same, instead of bolting them together by fastening the side
frames on to the top of the sole plate with bolts as heretofore. By this
improvement I obtain increased strength, a reduction in the weight of
material, greater facility, and lessened cost of manufacture, and greater
facility of erection.
According to the second part of my Invention where a sugar mill is
combined with a steam engine on the same foundation plate I pre-
ferably employ gearing consisting of pinions without flanges of wrought
iron or other equally strong material, such pinions working into cast-
iron spur wheels the rims of which are flanged for the purpose of

page_text: strengthening the teeth. By this means the size of 'the wheels and
pinions composing the gearing may be reduced so as to bring the centrè
of gravity lower down, thereby reducing the weight and cost of the
machinery, and whereby the adjustment of the gearing is rendered easier
owing to the pinions being without flanges. I prefer to work the slide.
valve of the cylinder by means of a projection from the crank pin, and
to allow of this arrangement being carried out I make the connecting
rod of the steam engine with a one sided forked lever. By this means
the machinery is simplified, the number of working parts is reduced in
comparison with that by the ordinary method of working the slide valve
by an eccentric, and the parts are rendered easier of access.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention I will now proceed
to more particularly describe the same, and the means for carrying the
same into effect by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which
Figure 1 is a plan of a sugar mill combined with a steam engine on the
same foundation plate and shewing the whole of my improvements;
Figure 2, side elevation, and Figure 3, end elevation of same.
letters in all the Figures represent similar parts.
Similar
a, a, are the tie bars, and b, b, the side frames or standards formed of
cast iron cast in one piece with the component parts of the foundation
plate c; x, x, are the joints for bolting the parts of the foundation plate
together; d, d, are the pins for securing the tie bars a to the side frames
or standards ; e, e, are the adjusting screws of the lower rollers ƒ, f, of
the mill, upper roller; his the wrought-iron pinion of the gearing
working into the spur wheel i having a flanged rim to increase the
strength of the teeth, j, fly wheel of the steam engine; k is the one
sided forked lever on the connecting rod / to allow of the slide valve m
being worked by the projection n on the crank pin.
In the drawing I have shewn a sugar mill combined with a steam
engine as herein-before described, but it will be understood that a sugar
mill may be constructed separately with the improvements described
under the first part of my Invention, and such mill can be driven by
water power or otherwise as required.

page_text: improvements in machinery for crushing sugar canes as herein-before
described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
. In witness whereof, I, the said George Buchanan, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four..
Witness,
W. A. GILBEE,
4, South St.,
Finsbury,
E.C.
GEORGE BUCHANAN. (L.S.)