IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS
Year: 1855

page_text: Empire of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING PILE FABRICS."
Scaled the 28th August 1855, and dated the 8th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Emile Bataille at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th March 1855.
I, LOUIS EMILE BATAILLE, Civil Engineer, of Paris, Empire of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
POR WEAVING PILE FABRICS" to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to that description of looms called bar loonis, for
weaving pile fabrics, by employing metallic pile wires working by power, that
is to say, by the action of the loom itself. They consist in applying to the said
looms one or more horizontal rods or bars, serving either as bearers for the pile
wires, or to make these latter perform the necessary movements, which rod or
rods are placed in a direction parallel to the breast beam (banguine) of the
loom, and by means of suitable mechanical arrangements obtain a to & fro
movement, in a direction also parallel to the breast beam, and which rod or
rods cause the pile wires to be inserted in the open shed, and afterwards
withdrawn from the fabric in proper time. The said to & fro motion of the
rod or rods may be properly regulated, and the same is exactly idential for cach
stroke of the wires. In some instances I make the said rod or rods carry the
A

page_text: pile wires directly by means of suitable wire carriers, and in such a way as to
keep the wires in a horizontal position parallel to the rod or rods, and leave
them sufficient play for easy working; in other cases I have the pile wires
independant from the said rod or rods, which latter in such case takes hold of
them in proper time, by means of clasps or small tongs, and inserts them in the
open shed, or withdraws them from under the row of loops. When cut pile
fabrics are to be manufactured, I provide the pile wires with a cutting edge
for cutting the pile loops. A proper mechanical arrangement worked by the
jacquart makes the loom work if necessary with open shed, that is to say, that
the shoot is beaten up by the batten while the shed is not entirely closed,
which is obtained by a proper arrangement for abating during a part of the
fall the down movement of the descending warp threads. The pile warp
bobbins are acted upon by proper springs, in order to obtain a uniform winding
off of the pile warp threads, and give them a uniform strain.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Emile Bataille in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
EMILE BATAILLE, Civil Engineer, of Paris, Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Louis Emile Bataille, Her special licence that I, the said Louis Emile
Bataille, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the
said Louis Emile Bataille, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Louis Emile Bataille, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Emile Bataille, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say :-
This Invention relates to looms for weaving pile 'fabrics, and more particu-
larly in some parts to bar looms arranged for weaving coach lace and other
similar narrow fabrics, eitlier of silk, cotton, woollen, or other yarns.
One of the principal objects of my Invention consists in making the wires
over which the loops or terries are formed, work mechanically, that is to say,
cause them to introduce themselves in the shed, and be withdrawn from under
the loops in proper time by the action of the loom itself, and consequently
doing away with a very difficult part of the weaving of terry or pile fabrics,
viz., the introduction and withdrawing of these terry wires by the hand of the
workman, this part requiring much skill; the result of my improvements is
consequently to offer a great saving in labor for the workman, and also to
enable him to make with much less trouble aid greater preciseness tho
above-mentioned description of goods.
And in order to make the Invention better understood, I will in this
Specification refor to the annexed Drawings, and I will divide my description
in two parts, viz. :-The first part in which I will describe the modifications
and improvements of the parts of the loom improved or added by me; and in
the second part, that which relates to the arrangement and the working of the
wires over which the terries or loops are formed.
FIRST PART. JACQUARD APPARATUS.
Looped galloons and particularly requiring by their nature and by the
heavy weights of the warps particular arrangements, I have been led to
the following improvements in that jacquard apparatus:-
First, employing two or more jacquard apparatus for the same loom, working
independently of each other, and with a shed opened by means of the action of
cams with which the periphery of a drum is provided. For figured coach lace
I prefer the one jacquard to be a harness jacquard, and the other one with
series of side needles, or what is called in France jacquard à cordons. Thus,
for instance, for coach lace, the first being a harness jacquard, the other might
be a jacquard of two hundred needles and side needles, such as represented in
Figure 1 of the tracings, which Figure represents a front elevation of the
loom, of which Figure 2 is a side elevation, and Figure 3 a plan view of the
gearings for transmitting the motion to different parts of the loom. In these
2

page_text: three Figures the same letters refer to similar parts. In the loom represented
in Figures 1 and 2, four pieces of coach lace are worked simultaneously, and
the two jacquards may be observed more distinctly by Figure 2, the one
serving for actuating the tweel work or pique, and the second for the pile warps
and the borders, whereas the remainder of the warps work by headles. This
contrivance, which is applicable to all looms in which two or more jacquards
are employed of giving to each jacquard a motion entirely independent from
that of the other, offers a considerable saving in the jacquard cards, their
number being considerably reduced comparatively to looms with one or more
jacquards working simultaneously, because each of the apparatus does not act
but only at the moment it is required. This arrangement also permits to alter
at pleasure any part of the pattern without being obliged to alter the pattern
cards of the other apparatus, and offers consequently the greatest facility for
varying instantaneously, and without difficulty, with a small number of cards
the pattern or appearance of a fabric; on the other hand the motive power
required at each pick or throw of the shuttle is reduced to that required for
elevating those warp threads which had not been elevated at the preceding
pick; and besides, as the warp threads are not obliged to fall down again after
each pick, the faults which in the ordinary mode of jacquard weaving would
be very apparent if some of the jacquard wires did not act, will nearly entirely
disappear.
WEIGHTING OF THE HEADLES.
Figures 20 and 21 shew my improved mode of weighting the headles.
In Figure 20, a, b, represents a headle, the simple cords of which pass
over two pulleys c and d, and have their ends fastened to the periphery
of two excentric double grooved pulleys e and f, having their centres in
o, and shewn in side view in Figure 21. Weights k, k, are fixed to one
end of the cords 9 passed over the pulley in the other groove, as that in
which lays the headle cord, the other end of which cords g are also affixed to
the periphery of the pulleys. The position of the excentric pulleys in respect
to each other must be so that in the moment the one is acting with its
greatest force, the other acts with the least force; the consequence will be that
in the position indicated in Figure 20, the headles will tend to fall down, but
if now a certain power is applied for rising the headle, the pulley f will come in
the position the pulley e had before, and the weight will consequently offer
less resistance to the motion, whereas by the position which the pulley e
assumes, the effect of the weight & will increase in the same proportion; the
result of which will be to effect the rising of the headle with greater facility,
notwithstanding the resistance offered by the warp threads. The advantages

page_text: this arrangement offers are, first, to clear the interior of the loom from the
weights required for working the headles; and, second, to make the headles
work with facility, whatever may be the weight the article to be manufactured
might require. Tho pulleys e, f, may be situated at the back or on the sides of
the loom.
MOVEABLE WARP GUIDE.
In Figure 19 is shewn a contrivance to which I give the name of a
moveable warp guide; this apparatus takes the place of the silk bar in
ordinary bar looms, and serves for separating from each other the warps,
and also the threads of each warp, as is, for instance, the caso with the
ground warps for coach lace. A, A', is the part over which the weighted
warp threads are drawn in order to prevent their fatiguing by opening tho
shed, whereas B, B', serves for those warps which are required to be spared
more particularly. C, C, is the glass tube, over which pass the pile warps.
D, D, are two stops for preventing the moveable part A to slip out. E, E,
are pins for keeping the threads apart from each other. G, G, are two longi-
tudinal metal wires for preventing the threads entered between the pins E, E,
from leaving them during the rising of the warps. H, H, are metal plates
between which passes the part A, A, for leaving the necessary play to this latter.
THE BATTEN OR SLAY.
Coach lace requires not only to have strong borders or selvages, but
also to be heavily beaten up, and consequently in most looms the batten
recedes through the weight, and makes the working very fatiguing for the
workman. Generally also their shuttles do not make good borders, and some
of the warp threads being heavily weighted, the tissue varics much according
to whether it is the pick for the back or for the false back, which consequently
requires to increase the opening of the shed in order to offer sufficient passage
for the shuttles, all of which give rise to a very cumbersome loom. The
imperfections I have overcome in the following manner :-The jack levers are
allowed to take different ascending positions according to the pick, the rising
being calculated in such manner that the shuttle travels constantly in the
middle of the height of the shed; the rising of the jack levers is regulated by
cams of different height; second, the body of the batten is made from hollow
cast or wrought iron, in order to increase its resistance and weight with less
thickness. For certain articles the following construction will serve also:-The
.fore part or shuttle carrier of the batten is situated at a suitable distance from
the breast beam, for permitting the shuttles to pass through the opened sheds,
the shuttles being brought at the required height by the jack levers. This

page_text: shuttle-carrying part of the batten consequently is not actuated any more by
the levers of the hand rail; the other part of the batten carrying the reeds is
actuated either by the hand rail levers, and in that case works as an ordinary
batten, or the same beats up in the manner as in the common hand looms,
and forces the weft up by percussion instead of by pressure. In this case the
part which carries the reeds must be arranged in such manner as to make
these latter beat against the fabric without being prevented in this action by

page_text: periphery of the drum in such manner as to cause the treadles e, e, to move in
proper time their corresponding warp threads, and not to permit the falling of
the jacquard, of which the action is repeated. The discs N will make one
revolution for three of the drum G, or one revolution of these discs will
correspond with fifteen revolutions of the fly wheel E, and consequently the
same point of a dise will not find itself again opposite the corresponding point
of the fly wheel but at the fifteenth revolution. If two terry wires were
employed for each piece of fabric in the loom, then the gearings ought to be
arranged in such manner that the disc would make one revolution for two of
the drum. If the fabric is altered from an article of two shuttles to one with
one shuttle, that is to say, if the wires instead of entering in the fabric at each
fifth pick enter at each third pick, it will be required only to put instead of the
pinion I, another of forty teeth, and instead of having the division of the peri-
phery of the drum with three, to have it with five cams; or, to make any other
article, it will be required only to alter the pinion on the wheel and the drum.
SECOND PART.-OF THE TERRY OR PILE FABRIC.
Metal wires being required for manufacturing good terry fabrics, in order
now to make these terry wires act regularly, they must firstly be removed from
under the terries or loops, after these have been formed and fixed by a suffi-
cient number of binding picks; and, secondly, advance to the spot where the
angle of the shed is sufficiently large to admit of their entering into the shed;
thirdly, make them enter in the shed; and, fourthly, cause them to recede to
the back end of the shed. The wires have consequently to describe a rect-
angle, which is to be repeated at one side of each piece of fabric, if all the
wires enter and leave at the same side of the fabric, or which is to be repeated
at both sides if part of the wires work on the right-hand side, and the
remainder on the left-hand side. The rectangular motion of the wires may be
obtained consequently in two different ways. The first, which I prefer using,
consists in making the bar or rod carrying the wires describe an entire rect-
angle; and the second, by imparting to this bar only a rectilinear to and fro
motion, making the wires withdraw from under the terry loops, causing then
the arm carrying cach wire to glide at right angles on the bar, in order to
make the wires advance, after which, a motion towards the fabric (second part
of the to and fro motion) is imparted to the bar, by which motion the wires
are introduced in the shed, when the batten drives the wires up to the back
part of the shed. On this second plan, several attempts have already been.
made; the parts which herein I consider as my Invention, are the performing
of the rectangular motion by the bars carrying arms for the wires, and also the

page_text: Composition of one rectangular motio
by the parts hereafter described.
RECTANGULAR MOTION OF THE TERRY WIRE BARS WITHOUT THE AID OF
COUNTERWEIGHTS OR SPRINGS.
This motion of the wire bars for introducing the wires in the fabric an
withdrawing the same at proper time, I prefer performing by the followin
arrangement: If a disc a, b, Figure 22, is supposed to turn round its centrum
in the direction of the arrow, and this motion corresponds with that of the
loom, the point a of the periphery will move towards the point O, and the
point towards the point R; and if c, d, represents a lever arm turning in C
and in the points a and b are fixed pins to the disc, it will be evident that a
will tend to carry the lever c, d, towards the point 0; and if now the pin may
escape from under this lever before the point b arrives on its turn to bear against
the lever, then this point 6 will carry the lever back to its original position,
but with greater velocity than the lever was carried towards the point O by the
pin a; and if then again the pin 6 may escape from under the lever c, d, the
result will be that a to and fro motion will be imparted to this latter, but of
which the motion towards R is quicker than the return motion towards O, and
the differences in these speeds may be regulated by the diameter of the disc and
the distance between the centre A of this latter and the fulcrum c of the lever.
If consequently the motion of the lever, to which in my arrangement I affix the
wire bars, depends from the motion of the point d, the withdrawal of the wires
from under the loops, and their advancing laterally, may take place during the
time the pile warps open their shed, whereas the re-entering of the wires and
their receding in the direction of the opened shed, may take place with any
desired velocity, depending from the difference between the distances at which
the points a and b of the disc will act against the lever c, d, comparatively to
the position of the centrum of the disc; and the consequence will be that it
will only be required to make this disc revolve with a certain speed, and make
the two points a and b act on the lever c, d, at the proper moment and during
a certain time by means of proper escapements. This being so, it will be
required only to change the to and fro rectilinear motion, arranged according
to the time the wires have to act at each pick, the velocity with which they
have to act in different parts of their stroke, and the length of stroke required
for the fabric, into a rectangular motion. The wire bar glides in a guide piece
by which the to and fro motion is transformed in a rectangular one. This
guide picce is made from any suitable metal, and sustains and regulates the
notion of the wire bar; two of them are required for each loom; the same is

page_text: represented in elevation in Figure 14, and in plan view in Figure 15. f,f, aro
the wire bars, cach of them carrying two friction rollers g and h, the one at
the upper side gliding into an inclined groove c, c, whereas the roller h at the
underside acts against the sides of the rectangular piece b, b. a, a, a, a, are
other friction rollers for carrying the bar and keeping it in a horizontal
position. b, b, b, b, is a rectangular piece, the exterior of which corresponds
with the motion of the bar and the wires this latter carries have to perform.
c, c, inclined sliding piece, affixed to the rod of the rectilinear motion, and
guided by the sliding piece d, d. e, e, are stop springs, for preventing the
friction rollers h, h, to take in their returning motion another direction than
that indicated by the arrows. The entire being arranged in this manner, if a
to and fro motion be imparted to the rod n³, (Figures 2, 14, and 15,) will carry
with it the inclined sliding piece c, c, but the bar f, although being pushed by
the upper friction roller g to follow this motion, is prevented from doing so by
the lower friction roller h, which latter bears against the rectangle b, and the
bar is obliged consequently to follow the direction imparted by this rectangle,
which direction corresponds with the withdrawal of the wires from under the
loops. At the moment this withdrawal is finished, the lower roller h becomes
liberated from the rectangle, and the upper roller g arrives at the other end of
the sliding piece c, c; the bar, being no longer retained by the lower roller h,
advances to the distance required for entering again the wires in the shed, and
lowers the stop spring c, c, till the moment the lower roller h will have reached
the end of this stop spring e, c. The two first parts of the rectangular motion
are in this moment performed, the returning part of the to and fro motion now
taking place, and the bar, being prevented to return in its original position by
the same way it had just passed, is obliged to perform the two other parts of
the rectangular motion. Conscquently, at each time the to and fro motion
imparted to the rod n" will take place, the wire bar will perform a rectangular
motion; the same is applicable either to one or to several bars, as similar parts
require only to be superposed in such manner as to take the least possible
space. The bars f may vary in their forms; that is to say, they may be either
straight or have any suitable curved form, and I prefer making them from
iron; at certain distances they are carried by brackets i, i, and friction rollers
j, j. The Figures 14 and 15 show two such terry wire bars.
RECTANGULAR MOTION IMPARTED TO THE WIRE BARS BY MEANS OF
COUNTERWEIGHTS OR SPRINGS.
The difference between this motion and the preceding one consists therein,
that the rod n acts on the wire bar simply to make this latter perform the

page_text: according to the peculiar construction of the loom. In the same manner, as
any moveable part of the loom may be selected as the moving power for
obtaining the to and fro motion, it is possible to vary the means for making
the wire bar perform its motion round the rectangle; this, for instance, may
be done by employing, instead of the sliding piece c, c, Figures 14 and 15, a
moveable pulley e, e, Figures 10 and 11, provided with shoulders. Figure 10
is an clevation, and Figure 11 a plan view of this part, similar parts in both
Figures being indicated by the same letters. c, c, is the rectangle; c¹, c¹, stops
for retaining the bar in the position indicated in the Drawing at each time the
bar has not to work; c, c, spring stops for preventing the roller d from
travelling in any other direction than that indicated by the arrows, and at the
same time to keep the motion rectangular; e, e, pulley; the skewer of which
has at one end a screw and nut, and at the opposite end a square piece for
gliding in the groove of that part on which bears the pulley; e¹, e¹, is a double
shoulder piece with or without friction rollers e, e³, which piece holds the wire
bar; o, stop gudgeon situated in the interior of the flat grooved piece m; e³,
spring for actuating and keeping in position in the required moment the
gudgeon ; e, bell-crank lever, serving also for actuating the gudgeon e²; ff.
is another shouldered piece situated on the wire bar in such manner that the
distance between the shoulder and the grooved piece m be equal to the length
the wire has to withdraw. On the shoulder f is fixed a flexible wire, cord, or
leather strap ff, drawn over the pulley e, and the bar is connected by another
cord or strap ff, with a counterweight W, or with a spring acting in a similar
manner as the weight, the strap passing over a grooved pulley f'. If now the
motive power is applied to the strap f', as the pulley c is retained by the
gudgeon e, the bar a, a, a, guided by the roller b, b, and the friction roller d, will
travel in a direction parallel to the breast beam till the shoulder of f, meeting
with the projecting end of the lever e', forces this end to recede within the
grooved piece m, and by the action of the bell-crank lever e* makes the gud-
geon withdraw from the pulley e, which latter may then advance freely; but
as the shoulder e¹ of this pulley meets with the bar a, a, this bar will be pushed
by the pulley to the other extremity of the grooved piece m, in which moment,
if the power applied at the end of the strap f¹ ceases to act by the escapement,
then the weight W which has risen in the same proportion as the wire bar has
advanced, will carry back this latter to its primitive position with a quickness
depending on the weight. The bar guided by its friction roller d round the
rectangle c, c, will accomplish, consequently, the two last parts of its motion,
carrying back with it this time the moveable pulley e, e. In order to be sure
that the bar, and consequently the pulley e, return to their place, it will

page_text: be good to fix to the batten either springs or other contrivances offering
sufficient clasticity for making this bar recede without injuring any part of
the loom.
The rectangular motion might also be obtained by means of a pinion and
rack fixed to the wire bar, in order to make this latter advance till the
wires have been withdrawn from under the loops, in which point the batten
taking hold of the bar makes this latter recede, and at the same time frees
the rack from the pinion, which returns to its original position, and the
batten leaving the bar at the moment the wires have reached the point
where they are to enter in the fabric, the bar returning by means of weights
or springs to its original position, and brings the rack again in with
the pinion.
gear
I must add here that it would be possible to make several wires for cach
piece of fabric work with the same bar by the arrangements indicated in the
Figures 4, 5, and 6, in which Figure 4 represents a plan view shewing a piece
of fabric in the loom; Figure 5 is a side elevation; and Figure 6 a front
elevation; corresponding parts being indicated by the same letters in the three
Figures.
g, g, are the wire carriers; 9%, 9%, guiding pieces fixed to the breast beam
of the loom, and serving for retaining the wire carriers opposite the sockets
h, h, which latter correspond in number with the carriers and serve to hold
them. h, gliding piece for tightening the carriers in the sockets, and in order
to prevent the overturning of the wire carriers, the fastening shoulders of the
sockets lap over a little; h2, h², cylinder for actuating the part h¹ by means of
a screw; instead of this cylinder a lever or a wedge might be employed; his
a spiral spring for carrying back the cylinder in order to unfasten the carriers;
h', strap or cord to which the power is applied for making the cylinder act
at proper time; j, treadle turning in 1, where the same is fixed to the frame
of the loom; %, spring for elevating again the treadlo after the same has
been lowered; j, pulley over which passes the cord by which the treadle is
actuated; stop for keeping the treadle in proper position; 3, rod con-
necting the treadle with the wire carriers and the wire-carrier nippers.
These connecting rods are provided with a spring j, for permitting them to
elongate, if required, without breaking, and whilst all the other parts retain
their proper position.
In order that one bar may serve for actuating the wires at both sides of the
fabric, two instead of one rectangle must be placed side by side in a simetrical
position, in such manner that one friction roller may act alternately on each
of them.

page_text: PLYERS OR NIPPERS FOR THE WIRE CARRIERS.
This part of the Invention is indicated in the Figures 14, 15, and 16.
Figure 14 representing a front elevation; Figure 15, a plan view; and
Figure 16, a side view. These plyers or nippers serve for keeping the wire
carriers in suitable position on the bars leaving this latter sufficient play for
performing their motions. One of these nippers is required for each carrier.
The nipper is composed of a socket in which enters the carrier, of two
friction rollers for carrying the carriers, and two springs for keeping these
latter in position. This part is arranged in such manner that the bar being
a rigid body, a little horizontal motion is allowed to the wires in order to
allow their yielding to the shock imparted to the fabric by the beating up of
the weft, and a vertical motion in order to follow the rising of the fabric by
the rising of the warp threads; the wire carriers are obliged, consequently, to
follow these motions with facility.
A is the frame with the socket, in which is introduced the wire carrier; B
is the upper, and B' the lower wire carrier; C, C, are friction rollers on which
move the wire carriers B and B'; R is a spring for retaining slightly the
wire carriers in the wire-carrier nipper. The carriers are fixed to the bar f
by means of screws.
THE WIRE CARRIERS.
The length of the wire carriers depend on the distance which is to exist
between the reeds of the batten and the wire bar, in order that this latter
is not met by some parts whilst the wire is inserted in the fabric. Their
thickness depends of the difficulty with which the wires are withdrawn from
the fabric; they are straight or curved, and may be constructed with several
picces gliding in and out each other, if it is desired to have them perform
the advancing and receding motions in the decomposing of the rectangular
motion.
In Figures 4 and 5, 9, 9, 9, represent straight carriers, whereas in Fig. 16,
B and B show two curved carriers; they may be made from different metals.
THE Loor on TERRY WIRES.
The length and thickness of the wires depend of the breadth of the fabric,
and the height of the terries or loops. The wires are secured by screws, rivets,.
or in any other suitable manner to the head of the carriers; they may be round,
oval, square, serrated, or have any other suitable form for fabrics from which
the terries do not require to be cut to a pile. They may have an equal form

page_text: in their entire length for cut pile fabrics or plush velvet. The free end of the
wire is slightly curved upwards, and has a cutting edge 1, Figure 9, in order to
cut the loops by being withdrawn from under these latter. The shoulder i serves
for introducing with greater facility the wire in the shed, and for protecting the
warp threads from being injured by the edge during this introduction; the
wires are bent towards the carrier in order to keep the head of the carrier away
from the fabric. In order that the thickness of the carrier should not prevent
inserting simultaneously two wires in the fabric, viz., one in cach adjacent
shed, the end of the wire near the carrier is bent at right angles, and this
in opposite directions for two adjacent wires, as shewn in Figure 16.
VARIOUS PARTS.
The opening of the shed being a part of great importance, I have invented
the following arrangement for making the jacquard work with an opened
shed, in case I should not perform this by means of cams, and which,
without altering the lifting of the warp threads, keeps them in their descent
till the proper moment, and with the required opening for the shed. This
arrangement is represented in side elevation in Figure 12, and in front
elevation in Figure 13. To the axis of a pinion q', attached to the cross
bar g of the jacquard, are fixed two lever arms 9, at the upper part of
each of which is articulated another lever arm 1, which latter are con-
nected to the lever of the jacquard. The pinion q' gears in the rack 9',
gliding vertically in a guide piece q. The rack has a head or projecting
part q forming stop, and a rod q, gliding through a hole in the cross bar A.
A hook q' is pivoted in go to a screw bolt, affixed also to the cross bar A,
and is carried back in the vertical position by a spiral spring q", whereas
a cord or strap q serves for drawing the hook in the opposite direction.
If now the lever p of the jacquard is acting, the box q13 will rise, and the shed
will be opened till arriving at its highest opening point, when the lever p will
fall down. The projecting part 97 comes to bear against the hook 9; the rack
q', being prevented from falling down any further, forces the pinion q¹ to turn
in the direction of the arrow. This pinion q carries the arm q² with it, and
makes consequently the arms q' assume an inclined position. The box q¹³ will
thus remain in position, and is prevented from falling down till, by means of
the cord q, the hook is carried backwards, and the rack becoming liberated,
the entire arrangement will fall down by its own weight with a great velocity
till the cylinder of the jacquard beats against the ends of the jacquard wires.
In order to make this beating duly take place, the parts q, q', q', must in this
moment entirely be stretched, which is obtained by means of a small rod q¹,

page_text: giv
or indicator to a pecular mechanism which makes the various
parts of the arrangement come into action at the proper moment. This indi-
cator is to be employed each time certain parts of the loom will require a rapid
motion, and a certain stroke during a part only of the revolution of the main
driving shaft, and to remain afterwards stationary during the remainder of this
revolution. The indicator is affixed in the middle part of the loom on the
cross bar,. or on any suitable bracket; the same is shewn in side elevation in
Figure 7, and in plan view in Figure 8. is the main driving shaft of the
loom. On this shaft arc situated two discs ³, 1, part of which is cut flush
with the periphery of the shaft, or cut in lines proportionate to the quickness
with which the lever k, k, is to rise and fall. Each of these discs k² act against
the under side of a lever k, k, one end of which is pivoted in k', between two
standards k, fixed to any suitable part of the loom, whereas the other ends
of the two levers are united by a cross bar . This lever k receives conse-
quently at cach revolution of the shaft l, firstly, a rapid ascentional motion by
the straight part of the disc bearing against its under side; after which,
secondly, this lever remains stationary during the time the curved part of the
disc bears against it; and, thirdly, when again the straight part comes into
action the lever falls down rapidly; the speed of this ascending and descending
motion depending on the construction of the part a, b, c, of the disc; the same
succession of movements take place consequently at each revolution of the
driving shaft. The motion of the levers k, k, depend, therefore, of the form

page_text: given to the discs k², . In the jacquard cards are made additional holes,
corresponding in number with the actuating of the series of jacquard wires.
Two series will suffice in most cases, and in the Drawings two scrics only are
indicated. To these jacquard wires are connected the rods or cords ¹³ of the
cylinders, the length of which must be proportionate to the extent of motion
of the rods, these cylinders gliding in holes made in the guides k. k aro
arms, the upper end of which forms a hook, whereas the under end bears on a
fixed piece k, and has a hole through which is passed the cord " for actuating
those parts of the loom which require to act. Each of these hooked arms is
provided with a shoulder striking against the upper part of the corresponding
cylinder. A spiral spring ko pushes the hooked arm against the cylinder
k. If now the shaft revolves, the cross bar will rise and fall successively
at each revolution of the shaft, till one of the cylinders becomes a little raised,
will push the corresponding arm & forward, and the hook s will be taken by
the cross bar ³, and the cord " rise consequently, and the part corresponding
with this cord, till the moment the cross bar ³ being lowered again simul-
taneously with the lowering of the cylinder k, the hooked arm will resume
its former position, in order to be again lifted, when the cylinder will according
to the holes of the jacquard cards. The indicator might serve also by giving
to the lever k and the arms k a length and strength sufficient for actuating at
once the terry wire bars without the interference of the cams and levers. In
such sort of looms where a drum exists for rising the treadles the indicator
becomes useless; the cams of Figure 2 are situated on this drum, and the wire
bar is moved by means of treadles, in similar manner as those for the headles,
and the working of these bars will in that case depend from the gearing by
which this drum is actuated.
Having thus described the parts of the loom which form the subjects of my
improvements, I will now give a general description of the arrangement of
my improved bar loom. The ordinary bar looms being sufficiently known, I
shall not have to describe the different parts of them, or the general mode of
working such looms. I only wish to say that my improvements are applicable
to such looms whether they are worked by hand or by power. Figure 1 shows
a front elevation of the loom, of which Figure 2 represents a side elevation, and
Figure 3 a plan view of the gearings. In these three Figures similar parts
are indicated by the same letters. A is the jacquard apparatus for the harness,
and A¹ the jacquard of the other side. It is evident that the number of
needles of the jacquard varies according to the article to be manufactured. B
is the lever of the jacquard A and B', for the jacquard A'; c, c, are the levers
for the headles; d, d, the connecting rods for actuating the jacquards; and d', d',

page_text: those for the treadles; these rods d, d, d', d', are moved by the treadles e, e, e, e.
F is the hand rail or bar, by which in hand bar looms the workman imparts
motion to the loom. In power looms this part is altered, in so far that the
power is derived from any suitable prime mover, and acts directly on the fly
wheel shaft or main driving shaft; G, G, are the side levers connected by
suitable articulations to the fly wheel H, to which they transmit the revolving
motion of the hand bar F. The shaft of the fly wheel may be considered
consequently as the main driving shaft of the loom. I is a pinion affixed to
this driving shaft, gearing into the wheel J; J' is a drum fixed on the arbor
of the wheel J, the periphery of which drum is provided with suitable cams
for actuating in proper time on the treadles e by means of small friction
rollers e. If the pinion I has 24, and the wheel J 120 teeth, this latter
will make one revolution for every five of the pinions. This arrangement I
prefer for coach lace, but may be altered, of course, for other articles; K is a
wheel fixed on the arbor of J, and revolving consequently with this latter, and
K' is another wheel exactly similar to K, and gearing into this latter; L is a
pinion, to which, for coach lace, I prefer giving 20 teeth, fixed on the arbor
of K', whereas M is a wheel of sixty teeth, driven by the pinion L. N, N,
are discs fixed on the arbor of M, for imparting motion to the levers N', for
the terry wire bars, by means of these vertical levers N' turning at their under
end in proper bearings, whereas at their upper end they are articulated by a
small connecting arm n' to the vertical levers n², the under end of which latter
turns in brackets A', whereas at their upper ends are pivoted the rods n³, which
connecting the levers n' with the guiding slides n*, for the terry wire bars n³, to
which latter are fixed the wire nippers nº. o, o, are the levers of headles drawn
down in proper time by the cords o¹, o¹, passing over pulleys 02, 02, and fixed
to a suitable point of the periphery of the excentric pulleys o³, a counterweight
o being also fixed to this periphery, in the manner as has already been
described in Figure 20. 0, 0%, cords or straps connecting the headles o, o,
with the levers C, C; 0, 0, cords passed over the pulleys o10, and fixed to the
excentric pulleys o', in the same manner as has been described for o³, to which
pulley o' is also fixed the cords 08, with counterweight o° for facilitating the
rising of the leave of headles to which the cords 0° are connected. P is the
moveable warp guide described in Figure 19, and fixed in the middle part
of the loom, over the upper part of which warp guide are passed the not
weighted warp threads T, whereas the false bottom threads T over the move-
able under part of the same; T2 are the terry warp threads; Q is a frame,
on the upper part of which are fixed horizontal cumber boards (one for each
piece of fabric in the loom), through the holes of which are passed the cords
B

page_text: and weights, which by means of the mails impart the required tension to the
warp threads. The holes must admit of the passage of the cords, but not
of the mails; by which contrivances, whenever any of the threads break, it
may find at once which thread is broken, as the mail on falling remains on
the upper part of the cumber board. R, board for the terry warp bobbins ;
S, beam bearers; S is a board which is situated between each two beam
bearers, and on which the workman may stand when he wishes to enter
into the interior of the loom. The loom represented in Figure 1 has four
pieces of fabric V, V, V, V, at work. V¹ is the batten, which is a brocade
batten.
Having thus described the nature of my improvements and the manner in
which the same are to be put into effect, I declare that what I claim as
my Invention consists of,-
Firstly, the using in looms by which jacquard apparatus are employed, of
two or more jacquards, which are permitted to work separately or entirely,
or partly simultaneously, but in such manner that they work independently
of each other.
Secondly, the employing to all sorts of looms of the mode of weighting of
the headles, or of giving less weight to certain parts of the loom by means
of the double excentric pulleys, in the manner as has been described.
Thirdly, the application to all sorts of looms of the reduction of the opening
of the shed to the size only required for allowing the shuttles to pass, by
means of different ascensions of the jack levers according to the pick.
Fourthly, the application to looms of the mode of making all the warp
threads work with an opened shed.
Fifthly, the application to looms for weaving terry fabrics, on which several
pieces are to be woven simultaneously, of one or more bars carrying the terry
wires, or serving for actuating these wires, which bars are situated parallel to
the breast beam, under or over the fabric, and are actuated by the loom in the
manner described..
Sixthly, the mode of guiding the said terry wire bars in the loom, in the
manner as has been described.
Seventhly, the mode of adapting the wire carriers to the wire bars, and the
manner in which they act.
Eighthly, the mode of adapting the wires to the bars, and their arrange-
ment.
Ninthly, the arrangement and mode of working of the apparatus which I
call the indicator.
Tenthly, the described mode of making the loom work with an open shed.

page_text: Eleventhly, the particular arrangement and mode of weighting the pile
varp bobbins.
Twelfthly, the construction and application of the moveable warp guide.
Thirteenthly, the arrangement of the cumber board for the pile warp bobbins
s has been described.
Fourteenthly, the application of one or several of the arrangements described
o all sorts of looms by which tho same may be used.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Emile Bataille, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
LOUIS EMILE BATAILLE. (L.S.)