AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXECUTING ORNAMENTS, DEVICES, COLOURS, OR STAINS ON GLASS
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
COOPER, of Picardy Place, in the City of Edinburgh, in Scotland, Glass
Merchant and Stained Glass Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Tenth day of
January last (Eighteen hundred and thirty-seven), in the seventh year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Cooper, my exors, admors, and assigns, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Cooper, my
exors, admors, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or
by my or their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I or
they should at any time agree with, and no others, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of His said Majesty's
Dominions called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and also in all His Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Inven-
tion of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXECUTING ORNAMENTS, DEVICES, COLOURS, OR
STAINS ON GLASS," during the term of fourteen years from the date of the said
Letters Patent in such manner as to me, my exors, admors, and assigns shall
seem meet, and that I or they shall enjoy the whole profit, benefit, and advan-
tage arising by reason of the said Invention during the said term of fourteen
years, and for that end His said Majesty, for Himself, His heirs and successors,
requires and strictly commands all and every person or persons, bodies

page_text: politic and corporate, and all others His subjects whatsoever within that part
of His United Kingdom called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Colonies and Plantations abroad,
that they shall not, neither directly nor indirectly, make, use, or put in practice
my said Invention or any part thereof, nor in anywise counterfeit, imitate, or
resemble the same, nor make any addition thereto or subtraction therefrom
whereby to pretend himself or themselves to be the inventor or inventors
thereof; and whereas the said Letters Patent contain a proviso obliging me,
the said William Cooper, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as
in and by the same (reference being thereunto had) will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Cooper, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described and
ascertained in manner following, that is to say:-
My said improved method of executing ornaments, devices, colours, or
stains on glass consists in the process herein-after fully described for expe-
ditiously and accurately transferring the intended ornaments, devices, colours,
or stains to the surface of glass which has been previously covered or prepared
according to a usual and known process, with a thin and semi-transparent
ground or coating of suitable silicious or vitreous substance reduced to
impalpable powder, and mixed to such a consistence with some slightly
adhesive liquid as to be capable of being washed, floated, or spread evenly
over the surface of the glass, which may be either transparent and colourless
glass or it may have been uniformly coloured in its previous fabrication, and
then by drying the glass so washed and evaporating all the moisture of the
said adhesive liquid away from the said powder of silicious or vitreous
substance, that substance will become stuck on in a thin continuous coating
over the surface of the glass, but so slightly adhering thereto that it can be
easily scraped off or rubbed away from the glass in order to remove the
coating from all such outlines and other places as may be required for exhi-
biting any intended ornamental device or pattern by leaving the glass in its
original state (or uncoated) at all such lines and places as the pattern
requires, but the general surface of the glass retaining the coating so as to
form a semi-transparent ground on which the intended design is to be exhi-
bited, and which ground may be white or uniformly coloured according to

page_text: the composition and nature or previous preparation of the said impalpable
powder; and, if required, the said intended design may be represented in
colours spread partially over the said coating according to the intended
design, so as to mix with the vitreous matter of the coating, such colouring
being usually applied by pencilling in the manner of painting; and, finally,
the glass so prepared with its said coating or partial coating, or partially
coloured coating of slightly adhering vitreous matter, is subjected to a suitably
strong heat in a proper furnace, oven, or kiln, so as to soften the glass and
to fuse or partially fuse the said coating, in order to fasten the same securely
upon the surface of the glass by so much mutual fusion and consequent
incorporation of the substances of the glass and of the coating as will render
the ornamental design indelible. And whereas the aforesaid known process
was the subject of a Patent granted the Fourth day of July, Eighteen hundred
and six, by King George the Third to Mr. John Davenport for his method of
ornamenting all kinds of glass in imitation of etching or engraving, and
whereas the same is fully described in his Specification, and further as his
method (with the occasional addition of colouring the coating, as aforesaid,)
has become generally known and practised, it is not necessary to enter into
particulars beyond those herein-before stated for the purpose of explaining
my said improved method of executing ornaments, devices, colours, or
stains on glass, which has been previously covered with such a dried
coating, as aforesaid, of slightly adhering vitreous substance. And, first, for
executing such ornaments, or devices, or parts of devices, on coated glass
as consist of mere lines only, I employ the well known drawing instrument
commonly called pentagraph or pantographer to trace and obtain a copy
(from any original pattern, or drawing, or print, or paper, or other suitable
surface, and etch the lines thereof upon the coated surface of the glass by
removing or scraping away (by action of a pointed tool of wood, bone, steel,
agate, or any other suitable substance, which tool is guided or conducted by
the pantograph) the coating from the glass according to such lines, so as to
exhibit those lines in transparent glass upon the undisturbed coating as a
semi-transparent ground; or instead of the pantograph, which is only adapted
to copy from or trace lines according to some previously formed design or
drawing, I employ the well-known instrument called Suardi's geometrical pen,
which by its own organization, without discretional guidance, is qualified to
trace and etch ornamental curved lines on the coated surface of such glass
by removing the coating therefrom with a pointed tool of the aforesaid
description, which is suitably guided or conducted by the revolving wheelwork
and mechanism of the said instrument in a complication of convolving curved

page_text: 'lines intersecting each other excentrically in various ways, according as the
instrument is previously arranged, so as to produce ornamental patterns in
lines on the glass by bracing and etching the intended lines by removing the
coating therefrom, as aforesaid; or otherwise, when suitable for the purpose,
I employ the instrument used by copper plate engravers, and called a ruling
machine, for ruling or tracing parallel lines or converging lines, and I use in
such machine a pointed tool of the description aforesaid to etch and remove
the coating from the glass, according to the lines intended to be rules thereon,
precisely in the same manner as is done by engravers in tracing lines through
the varnish or ground of waxy substance with which the surfaces of their
copper plates are covered in preparation for what is called by them etching.
And note: So much of my said improved method of executing devices on
glass as consists in tracing and etching lines on the coated surface of glass by
means of the instruments and machines herein-before mentioned is closely
analagous to the operations whereby engravers on copper plate perform (or
may perform), by aid of like instruments, their etchings of lines on the waxy
ground of their copper plates, and hence a reference to their habitual practices
in such respect will render a detailed description of such instruments, and the
mode of using them for my purpose, unnecessary. For operating with the
pantographer in manner aforesaid, the coated glass is to be laid flat upon a
table, and fastened securely thereto with plastic wax at the four corners, or
otherwise secured from moving; the original design which is to be copied and
transferred to the glass may be printed or drawn on paper, cloth, canvas, or
other suitable substance, which being fastened in due position on the same flat
table, and the base or fixed fulcrum of the instrument being also steadily
'placed or fastened in due position upon the table, then the operator, tracing
with one tracing point of the pantograph accurately over all the lines of the
original design with a correct discretionary guidance of the said tracer by his
eye and hand to carry it over the lines exactly, will cause the other opposite
tracer of the instrument (which should rest on the coated surface of the glass
with a suitable point of wood, bone, steel, agate, or other suitable substance,)
to trace and etch corresponding lines on the coating of the glass; (and the
design so traced and etched on the glass may, if required, be a reduced copy
of the original engraving or drawing, according to the well-known property of
the pantographer, or it may be the same size, or it may be larger than the
said original if desired. A pantographer composed of four bars, jointed
together in a parallelogram, which is the well-known construction of the
pantographer, may be used, and will answer well for ordinary purposes, but
I prefer to use the more modern and improved pantographer invented in

page_text: Eighteen hundred and twenty-one, by Professor Wallace, of Edinburgh, and
which operates by a main lever poised on a fixed centre pin or vertical axis of
motion, and with lever arms jointed to each end of that main lever, and
having circular pulley wheels and an endless band to cause both those lever
arms to move with corresponding angular motions about their respective joints
at the ends of the main lever, and the two tracing points are applied at the
ends of the said two lever arms; this instrument is described in the Supple-
ment to the Encyclopædia Britannica, volume, sixth, and is well known, and is
in common use. By means of the pantographer, devices in line work of any
kind, however varied, may be easily transferred from any original drawing or
engraving and etched on coated glass with great accuracy and tolerable
expedition. The outlines of maps may be etched with advantage, together
with all the writing thereon, by the same mode of pantographic tracing, and if
the original is larger than the etching on the glass is required to be, the
accuracy and neatness of the line work and writing on the glass will be
greater. The same may be said of etching inscriptions and writings of any
kind, or of etching the outlines of portraits, prints, and pictures. Suardi's
geometrical pen is a well known instrument, having an upright vertical axis
to sustain a lever arm, so that the said arm can revolve about that axis and
carry round another upright axis with a slow motion in a circular orbit, and
that second axis, which is so sustained and carried slowly round by the said
lever arm, has fixed to it another lever arm, which carries round the tracing
pen or point with a quick motion in a second orbit, whereof the centre is
continually progressing with a slow revolution in the first-mentioned orbit,
and by means of suitable toothed wheelwork the rotation of the said
two lever arms is regulated one in respect to the other, as may be requisite
for carrying the said tracing point round in such a complicated convolu-
tion of curved lines as will form an ornamental pattern by etching such
lines on the coated glass. Note. A description of Suardi's geometrical pen,
and also of the common parallelogram pantographer before mentioned
is contained in George Adams' geometrical and graphical essays. All
the instrumental means herein-before enumerated may be used in turn for
etching different descriptions of line work on coated glass, whether that work
be collected on the same piece of glass or on separate pieces, as occasion may
require. For instance, a pantographer may be used for etching the outlines of
a design, and then an engraver's ruling machine may be used for etching such
parts of the same design as are to consist of parallel, or converging, or other
lines, and for ornamental bordering work to such a design. And a geometrical
pen may be used for etching small circular rosettes of excentric convolved line

page_text: work, for filling up such bordering; or in other cases, according to the style of
ornament that is required, a geometrical pen may be used to etch lines con-
volved in complicated devices of convolutions of curved lines. And a ruling
machine may be employed to etch border line work of parallel, or converging,
or other lines. And, secondly, for executing such ornaments or devices, or
parts of devices, on coated glass as consist of broad lines of varying breadth,
or surfaces of more extent than mere lines and of varying breadths, I employ
leaves of paper, vellum, horn, or thin metal with apertures cut through them,
to make openings therein according to the intended pattern, the leaves so cut
out being of the same nature as are in other arts termed stencils, but which
have not hitherto been used, for facilitating Mr. Davenport's aforesaid Patent
method of etching patterns or devices on coated glass. And I place and hold
such a stencil firm upon the coated surface of the glass, so that the openings
which are cut out through the said stencil will match to those parts of the
design where the coating is required to be removed from the glass and leave
those parts exposed, whilst the stencil covers up and conceals the adjacent
parts of the coating which are not intended to be removed or disturbed. Then
after breathing on the stencil, in order by communicating a slight moisture to
the coating to diminish its adhesion at the places which are exposed through
the stencil (should such moisture be necessary), I apply a bristle brush or
other suitable instrument to brush or rub over the surface of the stencil, and
therewith brush or rub off and remove the coating from the glass at all
parts thereof which are exposed to view through the openings in the stencil,
but the borders to those openings will limit the action of the brush or
other instrument aforesaid upon the coating, and will preserve so much of
the coating as is not intended to be removed or disturbed; wherefore, on
removing the stencil from the glass, and blowing away or brushing off with a
camel hair or soft duster, or otherwise, the dust of the coating which has been
rubbed off, the required etching will be found completed by this very expe-
ditious and accurate help to Mr. Davenport's process, which was to trace an
outline on the coating, and then etch and scrape the same away by a tool of
bone or wood, held in the hand and guided by the eye, according to an outline
previously drawn or traced on the coating, and the same tedious mode is that
which is commonly practised. The stencils which I employ require no par-
ticular description, being merely openings cut out through the thin foliated
substance of which the stencil is composed, and which may be thin brass plate
called latten brass, or other thin metal, or vellum, paper, or horn, or thin
foliated leaves of any other suitable substance. Such stencils are well known
and commonly used for forming directions on parcels, and for coarse shop

page_text: cards and marks, as a mode of expeditiously inscribing with ink, applied by a
brush through the openings of the stencil marks corresponding thereto, on a
surface of wood or paper, on which it is required to inscribe such writing as
the stencil is cut out for; and they are often cut out to inscribe ornamental
devices as well as writing, wherefore the art of cutting out the same in thin
metal plate is well known; and it is still easier to cut out the like stencils in
vellum, paper, or thin horn; or such stencils may be formed of thin foliated
leaves of any other suitable substance. And the patterns which are so cut out
in stencils may be made to produce the whole of the ornaments or devices which
are required to be executed on the coated glass in cases when very delicate ra-
mifications are not required; or else, according to the nature of the ornamental
subject which is to be represented, suitable portions thereof may be executed
in line work, by suitable application of the instrumental means herein before
described; and then stencils properly cut out may be applied upon the coated
glass over such line work with the openings which are cut through the stencil
in true correspondence with such parts of the coating as, according to the
particular pattern, are required to be wholly removed from the glass, those
parts will in general be the broad surfaces constituting the bright lights of the
intended transparent ornament or device, whilst the slender ramifications of
those lights will be line work. But note.-Inasmuch as any part of such instru-
mental etching of line work may require finishing touches thereto, or as the
stencil work may require to be finished up with etching work, which must be
executed by the hand unguided by stencils, or by any of the instruments
herein-before explained, such unguided band work will form no part of my
said improved method, but such finishing by hand (if required to be used in
concert with my improved method) will be a recurrence to Mr. Davenport's
method, which I propose to use as heretofore for particular and suitable parts
of the ornamental devices, and in combination with my improved method of
executing ornaments in instrumental line work and in stencil work, as above
described, that is to say, on the same plate or piece of coated glass there may be
at certain parts thereof ornamental devices of instrumental line work, wholly
executed by some or all or any of the instruments herein-before first described;
and on other parts of the same plate of coated glass there may be other suitable
and appropriate ornamental devices wholly executed by aid of stencils, as herein-
before secondly described; and again, in other parts suitable stencils may be used
to complete or further the execution of the broad and coarse parts of ornamental
devices, whereof the fine parts have been commenced and executed in instru-
mental line work, or, on the contrary, in some cases the stencilling work may
be executed, first, for the broader and coarse parts of the ornamental device,

page_text: and instrumental line work for the fine parts thereof may be afterwards
executed, as convenience may dictate; all that is requisite in either case being
to ensure that the stencil work and the instrumental line work, when com-
bined together in the same ornamental devices, shall correspond and fit
accurately one to the other; and again, on other parts of the same aforesaid
plate of coated glass, other appropriate ornamental devices may be etched out
in the coating by hand, according to Mr. Davenport's plan, without the
guidance of any of the instruments herein-before mentioned, or the aid of
stencils; but to all such etching by hand I make no claim. And also, as
already mentioned, it may in some cases be advisable to give finishing touches
to the instrumental line work or the stencil work, which has been executed
according to my improved method, by etching out such touches by the hand
unguided, which latter is not according to my improved method. And further,
as part of my said improved method, I employ suitable stencils of the same
kind, as aforesaid, for expediting and facilitating the application of ornamental
devices in colours or stains on glass; such stencils being cut out with suitable
openings for exposing those parts of the glass or coating of the glass on which
colours or stains are to be applied; and the stencils so cut out being applied
and held fast on the glass or on the coating of the glass, so as to cover over
and conceal such adjacent parts of the glass as are not intended to have the
colour applied upon them, then the intended colouring matter being lightly
brushed over the stencil will become applied to the glass through the openings
of the stencil, but not beyond the boundaries of those openings. This being
the same means as are used by the makers of playing cards for applying their
colours to playing cards, requires but little explanation; and I make no claim
thereto, except as part of my improved method of executing ornamental
devices, colours, or stains on glass, either coated or uncoated. The colours or
stains may be thus applied upon the plain uncoated surface of the glass or
upon the coating of the glass, when it is desirable to colour or stain that coating,
or else the coating may be first removed by means of a brush or other suitable
instrument, as herein-before explained, from the places which are exposed
through the openings of the stencil, and then colour may be applied through
the same openings in the stencil on the plain glass in place of the coating so
removed, the colouring matter being prepared in each respective case suitably
for becoming incorporated with the coating, or for becoming fixed on the
surface of the glass itself, as the case may be, and what will be a requisite
preparation in each case is well known to artists conversant with the staining
of glass and coated glass, which is to be rendered indelibly coloured or stained
by subsequent burning or firing; and my improved method requires no other

page_text: change in their accustomed mode of executing colouring, excepting inasmuch
as that, according to my improved method, the application of the colours is faci-
litated and aided by the use of suitable stencils to confine the application of
colour to the boundaries of the openings, which have been cut out through the
stencils, instead of the accustomed mode of pencilling the colours up to their
intended outlines without any other guidance in so doing than by the observ-
ance of the intended outlines by the eye, and following the same with care by
the hand. It is only requisite to remark, that the colouring matter should
not be very liquid or of too thin a consistency, so as to render the same liable
to soak or flow beneath the said boundaries of the openings through the
stencils. The ordinary practice of the playing-card makers, in respect to the
requisite consistency of colours which are applied by them by aid of stencils,
will afford the requisite information to glass stainers on that head; and when
the colouring matter would, according to the usual course of their previous
practice in staining glass, be more liquid than would be suitable for applying
the same by aid of stencils according to my improved method, then the con-
sistency of such colours may be increased by mixing the same with any trans-
parent gum water or with syrup of very white loaf sugar or any suitable muci-
laginous matter which will corporate in the subsequent drying and firing or
burning of the glass without injury to the intended effect of the colour-
ing so mixed and rendered consistent. And note. Colours may be applied
by aid of stencils, or of a series of stencils, according to my improved
method, on either or both sides of the glass, whether the same is coated or
uncoated, as is usual in staining glass, and as as may be most suitable
for the effect which is intended to be produced; that is to say, parts of the
colouring may be applied by aid of suitable stencils, or of a series of suitable
stencils, as aforesaid, on the coated side or surface of the glass, either on
the coating, or part on the coating and part on places from which the coating
has been previously removed, as aforesaid, but other parts of the colouring
for the same plate or piece of glass may be applied in like manner, by aid
of suitable stencils, on the opposite side of the thickness of the glass to that
on which the coating is, or in cases when neither side of the glass has any
coating; or else, in case suitable coating has been applied on both sides of the
glass, if such should be done, then colouring may be applied on the glass or
on the coating, at either or both sides, by aid of suitable stencils, according
to my improved method. And note.-Although the requisite colouring of
devices which have no very delicate ramifications of their outlines or boundaries
may be wholly executed by aid of stencils, or a series of stencils, according to
my improved method as aforesaid; nevertheless, for colouring more intricate

page_text: subjects, it may be requisite or advisable to complete and give finishing touches
of colouring to that colouring which has been mainly executed by stencils;
such finishing touches will, of course, be added according to the usual mode
of pencilling by hand, and will not form part of my improved method,
although used as a sequel thereto. And note.-The aforesaid application of
colours by aid of suitable stencils, according to my improved method, may be
made to coated glass whereon outlines or other line work has been previously
etched by any of the instrumental means herein-before described as part of
my improved method, such stencils being cut out, and being applied and held
on the coating of the glass in exact conformity (or in such relative conformity
as may be desirable) with the previous etching of instrumental line work, or
with such of the various lines thereof as are intended to form the boundaries
(or parts of the boundaries) of the colouring which is to be applied by aid
of such stencils; and the coating may be first removed by action of a brush,
or otherwise, through the openings of the stencil, as herein-before described
to be part of my improved method, and then the colouring may be applied
through the same openings in place of the coating so removed, or the colouring
may be applied through the openings of the stencil upon the coating, as before
stated, and over the instrumental line work which has been or may be
executed thereon. And in order to make the said openings in the stencils
exactly conformable with the said instrumental line work, the outlines for
cutting out the said openings in the several stencils may be traced or drawn
on the leaves of card paper, vellum, horn, thin metal, or other suitable thin
foliated substance of which the stencils are to be formed by operation of the
same pantograph or geometrical pen as the instrumental line work has been
or is to be etched by upon the coated glass; that is to say, after having, by
aid of the pantograph, for instance, etched the outlines of a map, for instance,
on the coating of the glass, then removing the glass from its place on the
table where it lay whilst the etching was executed by the pantograph, but
without disturbing the pantograph, a suitable thin leaf for making the stencil
may be laid and fastened on the table in the place which the glass plate
occupied, so that by aid of the pantograph as many outlines may be drawn
on the said leaves, in exact repetition of such of those lines which have been
already etched on the coated glass as are to become the outlines of the intended
colouring on the map, and then, according to such outlines so drawn, the
openings are to be cut through the said leaves in order to form stencils; and
whereof there may be a series of several for applying colours to the same
map, some adapted to some parts and others adapted to other parts, as occasion
and the design require; but by thus deriving the outline for all the openings

page_text: in all the several stencils from an exact repetition of the same instrumental
operation as that by which the lines of the etching were executed, the
openings in the stencils (if carefully cut out according to the outlines so
traced) will truly correspond to the line work, as they are intended to do;
and the same may be said of making stencils or a series of stencils for
applying colours, if desired, to an ornamental device of convolved curved
lines which may have been etched in lines on the coating of the glass by
operation of a geometrical pen, as before explained. The outlines for cutting
out the openings in such stencils must be drawn by an exact repetition of
the operation of the same instrument as that whereby the lines were etched
on the coating of the glass; or, according to convenience, the said outlines
requisite for cutting out the stencils may be drawn by the said instruments
in manner aforesaid, and then the etching of the glass may be executed by
a like operation of the same instrument. Stout paper, prepared by soaking
in drying linseed oil, and then strongly compressed by rolling it between
glazing rollers, such as are used for glazing card paper, will be a very suitable
material for the leaves for making stencils for executing etchings or for
applying colours, according to my improved method as aforesaid, or a tissue
of varnished silk or linen cloth, such as is used for making waterproof covers
to hats may be used, being the same material as is employed by calico printers
and silk handkerchief printers for occasionally covering up such portions of
their calico or silk as they wish to preserve from being printed at the time
when they print an impression on other adjacent parts thereof which are left
uncovered by such varnished silk or linen cloth, and which is in their trades
technically termed a cut; that material is not affected by moisture, and openings
are very easily cut through it with the point of a sharp penknife. The stencils
which are to be used as aforesaid according to my said improved method,
whether for facilitating the removal of the coating, or for facilitating the
application of colours to coated glass or to uncoated glass, may be either made
in leaves or sheets as large (or nearly as large) as the piece or plate of glass,
and with several openings cut out in the same leaf at different parts of the
surface thereof, or else the stencils may be in small leaves, having only one
or only a few openings in each leaf, in which latter case several such small
stencils may be applied one after another over different parts of the plate
of glass, so as in the whole to operate upon all the parts of its surface which
are required to be operated upon, or, in cases where the same devices
or parts of devices or colouring for the same require to be repeated several
times over by aid of stencils on different parts of the same plate of
glass, the stencils for the same may be most conveniently made in small

page_text: leaves, which are applied to all the different parts of the same glass in
succession where such repetition may be required. And note. Stencil
work of etching or of colouring may be executed according to my said
improved method in manner aforesaid, on glass coated or uncoated whereof
the surface is curved, as well as on flat plates of glass coated or uncoated.
And, thirdly, for executing such ornaments or devices or parts of devices on
coated glass, as can be represented by opaque lines or opaque dots disposed
in the manner or style of engravings or prints which are printed with ink
from engraved copper plates, or engraved wood blocks, or from stereotyped
plates, or from stones suitably prepared for what is called lithographic printing,
I employ engraved copper or steel plates to print, in black or other suitable
opaque coloured ink, upon thin tissue paper or other suitable substance, which
paper or other suitable substance so printed I apply upon the coated surface
of the glass in such manner as to transfer the printed impression from the
paper to the coating, and then by removing the paper or other substance the
ink of the impression will remain upon the coating, so as to form ornaments
or devices or parts of devices thereon; and these being the same means as are
commonly used for executing printed ornaments upon earthenware requires
but little explanation, and I make no claim thereto except as part of my
improved method of executing ornaments or devices on coated glass. The
tissue paper on which the impressions are printed should be of the same thin,
soft, absorbent kind as is now commonly used for transferring impressions to
earthenware, and the engraving of the copper plates or steel plates may be
such as is usual for that purpose, and the colour or ink which is to be used
for printing therewith may be any of the colours which are used for printing
for earthenware, and which are suitable for burning in upon glass with
advantage, and may be black, or deep blue, brown or purple, or other deep
and opaque colours, and the engraving may be a mere outline of the intended
device, or else it may be filled up with lines, hatching, or dots, to form
shadowing in the manner of engraved prints or pictures; and if required,
different colours may be applied to different parts of the same engraved copper
or steel plates, so as to obtain a party-coloured impression therefrom on the
tissue paper or other suitable substance aforesaid, provided that such different
colours are applied at different places on the same engraved plate or paper
and do not join one to another. And the paper or other suitable substance being
so printed with one or more colours, as the case may be, is to be spread out
evenly with the printed side in contact with the surface of the coating on the
glass, which coating may be previously prepared so as to be only slightly
adherent to the glass, according to Mr. Davenport's method suitably for

page_text: etching thereon; or the coating may be baked hard thereon, or it may be
half burned on the glass before the printed impression is so transferred to it.
The said impression covering over so much of the coating as is to be orna-
mented with the impression, and the paper or other substance being pressed in
very close contact with the said coating by a soft cloth or cotten dabber,
carefully applied by hand on the back of the paper, the ink or colour will
adhere slightly to the coating, so as to keep the paper in contact with the
coating, and it may be left slightly adhering thereto for several hours until
the colour has had time to dry into the coating, or that drying may be aided
by artificial warmth, and then the paper or other suitable substanice may be
stripped off (first damping the back of the paper if requisite), leaving the
intended impression on the coating of the glass, and which transferred
impression will become fully incorporated therewith, and with the glass when
the same is afterwards subjected to the burning or firing by which the orna-
ments, devices, colours, or stains are to be rendered indelible on the glass.
And after a printed impression is thus become transferred to the coating on
the glass the same may be further ornamented, as may be requisite or
desirable, either by ruling parallel or converging lines by aid of the engravers'
ruling machine, as herein-before mentioned, or else by tracing lines with a
pantographer, according to any device or part of a device which may be
suitable to be combined on the same plate or piece of glass with the said
transferred printed impression, or else by adding any convolutions of curved
line work by means of the instrument called a geometrical pen, as herein-
before explained, all or any of which line work may be introduced by way of
bordering to the printed part, or may be incorporated with the printed part
in any other way which will be most desirable and expedient. And also or
otherwise the said transferred printed impression may be further ornamented
as may be desired, by aid of stencils suitably cut out with openings correspond-
ing to particular portions of the said impression, from which portions it is
either required to remove the coating from the glass by application of a brush
or other instrument aforesaid to act through the openings of the stencils, as
herein-before explained, or else to apply colouring matter through the
openings of the stencils, as herein-before explained, either to the coating
on the glass or to the surface of the glass at places where the coating has
by aid of the stencil been removed therefrom. And instead of the said
impressions on paper being printed from engraved copper or steel plates,
as before stated, the same may be printed, though with less perfection,
from engraved wood blocks or from stereotype plates or types, or may be
printed from stone by what is called lithographic printing. And in order to
--

page_text: make the outlines of the openings which are to be cut out in the stencils
correspond to the transferred impression, or part of that impression, upon the
coating, and on which impression the stencils are to be used, either for
removing parts of the coating from the glass, or else for applying colours on
the coating or on the gloss, as before mentioned, an impression may be
printed from the same plate, block, stereotype, or stone upon the leaf or leaves
of thin foliated substance of which the stencil is to be formed, in order to
give the true outlines by which the openings in the stencil are to be cut.
And note. All the three different kinds of means herein-before described
whereby the intended ornaments, devices, colours, or stains are to be executed
on glass, may be all three used in conjunction on the same plates or pieces of
glass, viz, the lights and brilliant parts of the devices may be obtained by
removing or etching away the coating from the glass, to leave it transparent
at all such parts; the minute and delicate ramifications of such brilliant parts
being executed in instrumental line work, either by a pantograph or a geome-
trical pen, or by a ruling machine, in manner herein-before firstly described;
and also the coarser lines and broad surfaces of light parts being executed by
brushing away and removing the coating through the openings of suitable
stencils; and also colours or stains being applied by aid of suitable stencils, that
is to say, the transparent and delicate colours upon the glass itself at places
from which the coating has been removed, and which said transparent colours
will in general be best applied on the opposite side of the glass to that on which
the coating is, and the deeper tints and more opaque colours being applied by
aid of suitable stencils, in manner herein-before secondly described, upon or
over the coating; and also the opaque line work, or dotted work for opaque
outlines and for shadowing, being executed by transferring printed impressions
from paper or other suitable substance to the coating on the glass, in the
manner herein-before thirdly described; nevertheless, simple ornamental de-
vices, colours, or stains, may be executed on glass by any one of the aforesaid
different means or different kind of means, and will in such simple as well as
in their compounded character, be according to my said improved method.
And although it may be often necessary and very frequently expedient to add
finishing touches by the hand without instrumental guidance or the aid of
stencils, or of printing on paper or other suitable substance to the ornaments,
devices, colours, or stains, which may be executed in manner aforesaid on glass
by my improved method, I make no claim to any such finishing by hand
work as forming any part of my improved method.
Having now described my said improved method of executing ornaments,
devices, colours, and stains on glass, I, the said William Cooper, do hereby

page_text: declare that what I claim as new Invention, whereof the exclusive use is
granted to me by the said Letters Patent, consists in the mode herein-before
described of executing etchings of instrumental line work on coated glass by
means of any of the instruments commonly called a pantographer, or a geome-
trical pen, or an engravers' ruling machine; also in the mode of executing
etchings on coated glass by aid of stencils, as herein-before described, or of
applying colours (on glass coated or uncoated) by aid of stencils, in manner
herein-before described; and also in the mode of applying or transferring
printed impressions from paper or other suitable substance to coated glass for
the opaque outlines and shadows of the ornaments, devices, colours, or stains
thereon, as herein-before described.
In witness whoreetT
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of July, in the
year of our Lord 1837, the aforesaid William Cooper came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and