IMPROVED COMPOSITION AND COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING OR COVERING SURFACES, PARTICULARLY THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Calley, of Brixham, in the County of Devon,
Shipowner, for the Invention of "IMPROVED COMPOSITION AND COMPOSITIONS
FOR COATING OR COVERING SURFACES, PARTICULARLY THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS
AND VESSELS."
Sealed the 3rd March 1857, and dated the 25th September 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Calley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
September 1856.
I, SAMUEL CALLEY, of Brixham, in the County of Devon, Shipowner, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED COMPOSITION
AND COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING OR COVERING SURFACES, PARTICULARLY THE BOTTOMS
OF SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
For the above I use some or all of the following materials:-Ferruginous
substances (iron ore washings, for instance,) and bitumenous or tarry sub-
stances (coal tar, for instance,) mixed with a paint vehicle (volatile spirit, as
turpentine, for instance). These mixed together form a semi-fluid mass, with
which the bottoms and sides of ships and vessels (and other surfaces) can be
payed or painted over, so as to protect them from the adhesion of seaweed,
barnacles, &c.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Calley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th
March 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
CALLEY, of Brixham, in the County of Devon, Shipowner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand-eight hundred-and fifty-six, in-the-twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Samuel Calley, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel Calley,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Samuel Calley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVED COMPOSITION
AND COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING OR COVERING SURFACES, PARTICULARLY THE
BOTTOMS OF SHIPS AND VESSELS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Samuel Calley, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said. Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Calley, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
г
"(I.) * The nature of this Invention, as hath been before described in the
Provisional Specification left and recorded on application 'for the said Letters
Patent, consists in the improved composition and compositions for the above
purposes, composed of some or all of the following materials, viz. Ferru-
ginous substances 'mixed with a paint 'vehicle, or volatile spirit, and bitu-
minous or tarry substances, which being properly mixed together form a mass
of sufficient fluidity that the bottoms and sides of ships and vessels (and other
surfaces) can be payed or painted over so as to protect them from the adhesion
of weed, barnacles, and so forth.
(II.) Having thus described -the-nature-of--the-said Invention, I will now

page_text: describe in what manner the same is to be performed, as I consider preferable,
as follows-I take ferruginous substances, such as ferruginous ochres or
.oxides of iron, for instance, ochres from iron ore washings, dried, powdered,
and sifted fine, and to this I add coal tar. The above-named substances I mix
with a paint. vehicle; or volatile spirit, or both, as turpentine.and.naphtha,.or
turpentine or naphtha by preference, and form a paste, the consistence of
which paste is afterwards further reduced by the addition of more.turpentine,
(&c.,) so as to give the mass the same degree of fluidity as ordinary oil paints,
and I then pay over the surfaces to be treated with brushes, as in ordinary
house painting. The proportions which I have found to answer to form
the paste above mentioned are, 7 lbs. weight avoirdupois of turpentine, or
naphtha, to 2 lbs. weight avoirdupois of coal tar, and about 15 lbs. weight
avoirdupois of ochre from iron ore washings, or similarly ferruginous ochres,
and by using every additional 4 lbs. weiglit of coal tar to the 7 lbs. weight
of turpentine, &c., about 5 lbs. extra weight of ochre from iron ore washings,
or similarly ferruginous ochres are required, as thus :-
Turpentine :or-naphtha"
-
or turpentine and
naphtha
7 lbs.
7 lbs.
7 lbs.
7 lbs.
7 lbs.
Coal tar
2 ditto
6
10
14
18
"
دو
"
Ochres from iron ore
washings,or ochres of
similarly ferruginous
qualities
15 ditto 20
25
30
35
"
"
"
"
and so on.
5 These are about the proportions for hand grinding, but for power grinding
more ochre could be used, as the substances could be ground drier.
As I find that the different parts of the globe and different climates that
vessels trade in render it necessary to vary the character of the compositions,
I purpose, when it is required, to use still more effectual means to prevent
0 the adhesion of seaweed, barnacles, and so forth; to make such a chemical
mixture of creosote and coal tar as that it shall have considerably more
effective strength (say two-thirds more) as a bituminous or tarry substance
than the proportion of coal tar above mentioned, for which I substitute it in
making the above composition.
5 Also, in order to render the composition more effective for the objects
proposed, ammonia (such as is produced in the manufacture of coal tar) might
be introduced to such an extent as to insure the composition maintaining its
properties.
Sulphur, or sulphuric or sulphurous acid may likewise be added (with or

page_text: without ammonia) to the turpentine or coal tar, or both, with the view to
ensure the composition maintaining its its properties in hot climates, &c.
(III.) Having now particularly described the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I do
not claim the use of the matters or things herein-before mentioned except as
constituent portions of the composition and compositions, the nature and
character whereof is set forth in the outset (marked I.) of this my Specification
thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Calley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
Signed and sealed in my presence,
F. W. CAMPIN,
Patent Agent, 156, Strand.
SAM. CALLEY. (L.S.)