SOME REDUCING FLUXES FOR THE PURIFICATION OF MINERAL AND METALLIC BODIES WITH COMBUSTIVE AND PHLOGISTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM THEIR PRIMITAVE ORES TO PURIFY METALS IN CONJUNCTION WITH OR WITHOUT COMPRESSED AIR
Year: 1802

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
HATELY, of Cradley, in the County of Worcester, Assayer of Metals, have
obtained His Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for "SOME REDUCING FLUXES FOR
THE PURIFICATION OF MINERAL AND METALLIC BODIES WITH COMBUSTIVE AND
PHLOGISTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM THEIR PRIMITAVE ORES TO PURIFY METALS IN
CONJUNCTION WITH OR WITHOUT COMPRESSED AIR," for the term of fourteen years
from and after the Thirty-first day of August, 1802, with usual grants and
proviso that he, the said Joseph Hately, truly and faithfully describe, explain,
and enrole a full and true description of his said Invention within six calendar
months from and after the aforesaid date of the Letters Patent mentioned and
contained therein, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be effected and performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in the following Specification or manner herein-after
mentioned (that is to say) :-
The purification of mineral and metallic bodies extracted from their
primitive ores either in a crude or metallic state, are refined and purified by
the addition and application of the fluxes hereafter expressed, or any of them,
seperately by themselves, or any mixture of them, together with or without
absorbent substances of lime, gypsum, chalk, and whiteing mixed therewith,
consisting of the residue adhering to salt pans and boilers, in which the sea
water, brine from brine pits, and salt rock are boiled, which is commonly
called pancrach, common salt, rock salt, sal ammoniac, alum, glassgail
called sandiver, nitre, tartar, vegetable, mineral, and animal salts, salts of any

page_text: denomination in a humid or dry state. In some cases I use salt water, brine
from brine pits, or water strongly impregnated with any of the recited salts in
manner herein-after described, viz, to refine copper, lead, tin, zinck, bismuth, and
antimony; the ores are first cleaned and pulverized for melting in the usual
manner, either in the great or small way, the fluxes may be used in a crude or
prepared state; the latter I prefer, which is done by melting the sats in melting
pots or furnaces, and mixing them, or any of them, or all of them, in equal
parts with two parts of the recited absorbent substances, seperately or together,
in a calcined state. Of that composition I use two pound weight to every
hundred weight of crude ore before expressed, and four pounds weight of the
unprepared to the same quantity of ore aforesaid, more or less thereof, as the
ores and metals may require for rendering them ultimately pure. To refine iron
ores or iron mine, and pig metal made therefrom, the ores or mine thereof are
to be pulverized and calcined in ovens or kilns with vegetable fuel, and the
carbonated pit coal, commonly called coaks, are washed in water strongly
impregnated with common salt, or any of the recited salts before expressed, or
sea water, or brine from brine pits. The pig metal made therefrom, or the pig
iron extracted by the usual process or common principles, I refine and purify
with combustive and phlogistive substances, mineral or vegetable, prepared or
unprepared as aforesaid, with addition of prepared or unprepared fluxes afore-
said, in proportion of three pounds thereof to one hundredweight of pig metal,
more or less, as the foulness of the metal and fuel may require, when melting
in a finery or in a run-out fire, or in any other fire or furnace applicable thereto,
with or without compressed air. The metal so refined, as before expressed, or
pig mettal unrefined, is purifyed by the addition of the aforesaid fluxes in the
following proportions, viz', to the refined metal as aforesaid, while it is in the
puddling furnace or finery in a fluid state, I add thereto half a pound of the
prepared flux, and to the unrefined pig metal in the puddling furnace is added
four pounds of the said flux more or less, if required, to dispell the hetero-
geneous matter. But the former process I prefer when the iron is intended
for the finest and best purposes, and for making steel, as the fluxes has the
best effect when the metal is in contact with the fuel that possess the least
quantity of sulphur and other pernicious substances that oppose malleability,
ductility, and stability of metals.
As witness my hand and seal, this Seventh day of February, in the forty-
third year of the reign of King George the Third, and in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and three.
JOS HATELY. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Seventh day of February,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Joseph Hately came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Seventeenth day of February, in the year above written.