IMPROVE. MENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Shaw, Manufacturer, and John Cook, Taper,
of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN LOOMS."
Sealed the 11th October 1860, and dated the 18th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Shaw and John
Cook at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th April 1860.
We, JOHN SHAW, Manufacturer, and JoшN Сook, Taper, of Accrington, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
Instead of the ordinary method of lifting the treddles,, we work them by a-
pulley and strap, and thus take off the weight of the treddles from the healds;_
and instead of the usual letting-off motion we place a rod across the yarn sup-
ported by two brackets; the centre of the said rod is. connected with the crank.
shaft by means of an eccentric, a second rod being attached to the aforesaid..
rod by which it is worked, pulling the yarn off the beam, and easing the strain.
on the yarn at the same time.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Shaw and John Cook in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 18th October 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
SHAW, Manufacturer, and JOHN Cook, Taper, of Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Shaw and John Cook, Her special licence that we, the
said John Shaw and John Cook, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said John Shaw and John Cook, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Looмs," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said John Shaw and John Cook, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Shaw and John Cook, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):-
Instead of the ordinary method of lifting the two under treddles of looms,
wo connect them together by a strap and pulley when the fulcrum is at the
front, and by two straps and two pulleys when the fulcrum is at the back, by
which means the treddles balance each other and prevent any weight upon the
healds, which are thus enabled to work with ease and steadiness. Or, we cause
the treddles to balance each other by connecting each by a rod or rods to a
double arm or lever; and also, instead of the usual letting-off' motion, we
place across the yarn a bar or rod supported by two brackets. The rod has a

page_text: to-and-fro motion imparted to it by connecting it by one or more rods to one.
or more eccentrics fixed on the crank shaft, so that as the first rod moves
forward, the yarn
is pulled forward and the yarn beam turned without any
undue strain.
These improvements will be clearly understood by referring to the figures
and letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Figs. 1 and 2
are front and end elevations, and Fig. 3 a plan of the framing and some of the
working parts of a loom having our improvements attached; and Figs. 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, and 10 are views of detached parts.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the treddles are shewn at a; they work upon the
fulcrum b at the front of the loom, and are put in operation by tappets in the
usual manner. To each treddle is connected the strap c, passing over a pulley
working on a stud or pin attached to the standard e, which is fixed to the
cross bar f, so that when one treddle is pressed down the other moves up,
thereby causing the weight to be taken off the healds.
Fig. 4 is a front, and Fig. 5 an end view of the treddles which work upon a
fulcrum at the back of the loom. A greater throw is usually given to one
treddle than the other, in order to give the required lift of the shed at the back,
and therefore, when the treddles are connected together, we use two straps g
and h, and two pulleys i and j, the pulley j being as much larger than the
other as the difference of throw.
Fig. 6 shews a front view of the pulleys only; they work upon a pin fixed
to a standard, similar to that shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 8.
For both descriptions of treddles we may dispense with the straps and
pulleys, and connect them by rods to a double arm or lever, as seen in Fig. 7,
in which represents the treddles, the rods, and m the double arm or lover,
and as the arms of the lever are of equal length, the treddles are perfectly
balanced and their weight is taken off the healds.
Our improved method of letting the yarn off the yarn beam consists in
giving a to-and-fro motion to a rod or bar placed across the yarn. The rod is
shown at n, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, and 10; it works in slotted bearings o, fixed to
the end frames of the loom. Over the rod n is a bearing p, composed of
leather, or other suitable material, which bearing is held by the turned up
end of the rod g, which passes between the yarn, and has its other end placed
over the eccentric r, formed in halves and fixed to the crank shaft a. Tho
yarn is shewn at t; it passes from the yarn beam u under the rod n, and over
the fixed bar or back rest v to the lease rods and healds. Thus, when the
eccentric revolves, it pulls the rod 7 and also the rod n, which brings forward

page_text: the entire width of yarn, and causes the beam to turn to a corresponding
extent; the length of the pull and let off being determined by the length of
throw of the eccentric.
Although only one eccentric and connecting rod are shewn, two or more
may be employed, according to the width of the loom.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be distinctly
understood that we do not claim the modes of balancing the treddles of fancy
looms; but what we claim is,-
Firstly, the employment of pulleys or levers in connection with straps or
rods for balancing the treddles of the ordinary loom for the purpose of taking
their weight off the healds.
And, secondly, the employment of a bar or rod placed on the yarn between
the yarn beam and back rest, and giving the rod a to-and-fro motion for the
purpose of pulling the yarn off the yarn beam without undue strain, as all such
improvements are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Shaw, for and on behalf of myself
and the said John Cook, have hereunto set my hand and scal, this
Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
Sigued, scaled, and delivered by the within-
named John Shaw, in the presence of
JOHN SHAW. (L.S.)
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.