Improvements in Typewriting Machines
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 27th June, 1896-Accepted, 10th Oct., 1896
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
A communication from abroad by THE AMERICAN TYPEWRITER COMPANY, a
corporation organized under the laws of the State of New York, having its
place of business at 265 Broa lway, New York City, New York, in the United
States of America.
1, REGINALD WILLIAM JAMES of the Firm of Fell & James, of 1 Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Heretofore it has been attempted to make typewriting machines with simple
mechanisin that could be sold at a low price, but such machines have been found in
practice to be so slow of operation as to seriously impair their value. The main
object of my invention is to produce such a simple and cheap machine that can be
operated at a speed approximate to that of the more expensive machines.
My invention consists in the combination of two independently movable type.
carriers, each provided with a handle, so that the operator can use both hands in
writing; and in providing means for causing any type upon either carrier to be
impressed at a common impression point, means for printing either lower case or
capital letters, and in further features and details of construction all of which
will be hereinafter more fully described and particularly pointed out in the
appended claims.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 is a plan view of a typewriting machine embodying my improvements
in one form or construction.
Figure 2 is a right hand end view of the same.
Figure 3 is a substantially central vertical longitudinal section.
Figure 4 is an enlarged central vertical section, to illustrate more particularly
the shifting and impression mechanisms.
Figure 5 are froit elevations of the type carriers.
Figure 6 is a plan view of a machine embodying my invention in another
form.
Figure 7 is a like view of still another embodiment of my invention.
Figure 8 is a front elevation of the same.
Figure 9 is a plan view of still another embodiment of my invention.
Figure 10 is a transverse vertical section through the type-carriers.
Figure 11 is a plan view of a machine embracing my invention in still another
form, and one which I at present prefer to any of those heretofore referred
to; and
Figure 12 is a detail view of one of the key levers and of a portion of the
universal bar or spacing mechanism.
Referring now particularly to Figures 1 to 5 inclusive, the numeral 1 designates
the base of the machine, which, of course, may be of any desired form, design or
construction. Mounted on the base is a bed-plate 2 for a paper carriage 3, which
likewise may be of any desired design, form or construction.
The said paper
carriage comprises a feed roller 4, mounted to turn in end plates or arms 5. A
pressure plate 6 is attached to the bottom bar of the carriage and bent or curved
to extend in front of the said feed roller, and a platen in the form of a flat bar 7 is

page_text: arranged immediately above the feed roller and pressure plate and occupies a
vertical position. The said platen is formed integral with a horizontal top plate 8
secured to the side or end arms 5. The bottom bar of the carriage is formed at
its front or inner edge with a series of teeth and notches to constitute a feed rack 9.
The feed roller may be provided with a knurled button 10, and a notched or
ratchet-wheel 11, adapted to a holding pawl or finger 12. This construction of
paper carriage is substantially that which is shown and described in the British
Patent to I. C. Fell No. 20242, dated October 26th, 1893.
Engaging with the feed rack is a push pawl 13, pivoted at the outer or rear end
of a link 14, the shorter arm of said push pawl being connected to said link by a
spring 15, which tends to hold the point of said pawl always inserted in one of the
notches of said feed rack. In conjunction with said pawl is employed a checking-
dog 16, which is pivoted at 17, and loosely connected also to the pivot by which
the push pawl is attached to the link, all substantially in the manner set forth in
the aforesaid patent to I. C. Fell.
The inner or forward end of said link 14 is pivoted to the upright arm 18 of a
bell-crank lever 19, which is pivoted at 20 to an arm or bracket 21, or to a part
of the framework. The other substantially horizontal and longer arm 22 of said
bell-crank extends forward to beneath the keyboard or index plate 23, which in
this machine is arc-shaped and made in one piece.
The said keyboard is mounted upon or attached to the free outer ends of two
levers 24, one at each side of the machine, which are attached at their rear ends to
a transverse rock-shaft 25, mounted in upright arms 26, and provided with one or
more coiled or returning springs 27. A stop 28 limits the upward movement of
the frame comprising the levers 24 and rock-shaft 25, to which the keyboard 23 is
attached.
By this construction and arrangement when the keyboard is depressed the
vertically-arranged bell-crank 19 is actuated, the link 14 drawn forward, and the
push pawl 13 withdrawn from one notch of the feed rack and caused to enter
the next notch thereof, by reason of the pressure of the small spring 15; and upon
the return of the keyboard, which is effected by the coiled spring or springs 27, the
carriage is moved a letter space distance.
Preferably the outer end of the bell crank is not attached to the keyboard, and
for this reason it is provided with an independent spring 29 at its pivot for
returning said bell-crank and its connected parts and holding the outer arm thereof
always up and in contact with the underside of the keyboard 23. The said bell-
crank may be used as a spacing lever for feeding the carriage between words;
and to facilitate this action the arm 22 of said bell-crank is provided with a space
key 30.
When the keyboard is caused to descend it simultaneously throws into action
the printing mechanism, in a manner which will now be described.
Pivoted at 31 is a lever or arm 32, which is adapted to be vibrated by means of
an arm 33 attached at one end to the rock-shaft 25, and connected at its other rear
end to said lever by a pin and slot connection, the pin 34 being on the arm and the
slot in the lever.
The said vertically-arranged lever 32 is provided at its uppermost end with a
horizontally-arranged pin 35, which is pivotally or loosely connected thereto at its
inner end, and which is adapted to slide in a hole or bearing 36 in a standard 37; and
the said lever is also provided at about its middle with another pivotal or loosely
attached pin 38, the free end of which likewise slides in a perforation or bearing 39
in the standard 37. Between these two pins the lever 32 is formed or provided
with an impression device 40, which is adapted to pass through a guide slot 41ª and
press the types against the paper on the platen.
From the foregoing it will be understood that when the keyboard is depressed
the lever 32 is vibrated rearwardly and the pins 35 and 38 slide rearwardly through
their holes or perforations, and the impression device 40 moves through its slot or
guideway.

page_text: I will now describe the type-carriers and the actions thereupon of the said pins
and impression device, and also the novel means for selecting the types to be
printed.
There are two type carriers 41 and 42, one arranged immediately above the
other, and both of segmental shape. Each type carrier is inade substantially like
the other, that is to say, each consists of an arc-shaped plate, provided with a series
of holes 43, arranged closely together, with a longitudinal slot 44 next the row of
boles, and with a soft rubber strip 45 attached to the plate at one edge, and
provided at its free edge with a series of types or characters 45° also of soft rubber.
Radial arms 46 at the ends of the arc-shaped plate connect the latter to a central
plate-like portion 47, which is mounted to turn freely about a vertical pivot, which
will presently be more fully explained. The edges of the type carriers which bear
the type characters are arranged adjacent to each other, and, as will be seen at
Figure 5, each carrier bears both upper case characters and lower case characters,
while both also bear punctuation marks and numerals.
The upper type carrier central plate 47 is formed with a hub 48, which may be
elongated as at 49, to secure a long bearing for said plate upon a vertically-
arranged fixed round rod or post 50, secured to the base and extending up
considerably above the plane of the type carriers. This rod or post also forms a
pivot for both type carriers. In other words, said type carriers both slide up
and down upon said post, and swing or rotate thereabout as a center of motion.
Upon the upper side of the upper type carrier 41 are two ears 51, arranged
forward of the post 50, and which serve as bearings for a horizontal pivot or
rock-shaft 52, to which is attached, by a set screw 53 or other means, a nearly
vertical arm 54, and a substantially horizontal arm 55.
The arm 54 is provided at its upper end with a lever or plate 56, which is
pivoted at 57, and which is provided with a spring 58, that tends to keep one
arm 59 of said lever or plate against a pin stop 60 on the arm 54. The said lever
or plate 56 is notched or bifurcated at its front edge, and bears against a curved or
arc-shaped wire or frame 61, having arms 62, which are bent towards each other
and secured to a bracket 63, fixed firmly to the upper end of the post 50 by means
of a set screw 64.
The arm 55 is secured to the said pivot or rock-shaft 52, and is extended
forward towards the keyboard; this arm is preferably made tubular, to receive
and support a rod or long stem 65, which at its outer end is formed with a
ring or finger piece 66. The said rod or stem 65 is adapted to slide in and out
of said tubular arm, and the finger ring 66 is preferably provided with an anti-
friction or anti-binding device for the finger, in this instance made in the form of
a coil of wire 67 and of a length slightly less than the circumference of the ring,
so that it may have a sliding movement around said ring with the finger, during
the twisting or turning action of the finger in the swinging movements of the
stem and its supporting arm. This device prevents the finger from binding or
wedging in the ring. The arm 55 constitutes a handle for rotating the type
carrier about its pivot and bringing the several types thereon to the printing
position.
The central plate of the lower type carrier 42 is separate from that of the
upper type carrier, but it is mounted upon the same post 50, and is formed with a
hub 68 on its upper side, which contacts with a like hub on the under side of the
upper plate 47, and supports the latter in its normal position. On the under side
of the central plate of the lower type carrier is another elongated hub 69,
surrounding the post and supported by a coiled spring 70, likewise surrounding
sad pust. The hub 69 does not bear directly upon said spring 70, owing to the
interposition of the hub 71 of the arm 72, which bears two inking disks 73 and 74;
but the said spring acts to support the type carriers and restore them to their
normal positions, as will be presently explained.
Each type carrier is rotatable independently of the other, and the lower type
carrier is arranged to print all its characters without shifting the said carrier or

page_text: changing its horizontal plane or position. The upper type carrier, however, must
be shifted, and in this case depressed, in order to bring its type characters to the
impression point; and this shifting or depression of said type carrier is effected by
a downward movement of the tubular arm 55, by which the arm 54 is rocked
forwardly, and as the plate-like lever at the upper end thereof bears against the
fulcrum or frame 61, by a toggle-like action, the central plate 47 and its adjuncts
(including the upper type carrier) are caused to descend a short distance and
thereby bring the types of the upper carrier to the impression plane, as indicated
by the dotted lines at Figure 4.
At about the time the shift has been made, the keyboard is depressed by a
continued down movement of the hand and the printing and locking lever 32 is
vibrated, the type carrier is caused to be locked, and the type which is opposite
the printing point is caused to press against the paper. At the same time the feed
mechanism is actuated, as before described. The type-impressing device 40 acts
upon the types of both carriers, but each carrier is provided with a separate
locking pin. When the lower type carrier is being worked, the lower pin 38
enters one of the holes 43 in said type carrier, and locks or retains the same
firmly in position, while the impressing device forces the type against the paper.
During this action of the lower pin, the upper pin 35, while it is simultaneously
operated, does not pass into one of the holes of the upper carrier, but passes
inactively through the longitudinal slot 44 of said carrier. Again, when the upper
type carrier is. being worked, the lower locking pin 38 passes idly through the
slot 44 in the lower carrier, and the upper locking pin passes into one of the holes
in the upper carrier, to maintain it in a steady condition while the type-impressing
device pushes a type of the.upper carrier against the paper.
It. will be understood, of course, that when the downward movement upon the
arm 55:is released, the spring. 70 operates. to restore the two type carriers and
their connected parts. to. their normal positions, while at the same time the
toggle. or cam-plate.56 returns to its normal position, assisted by its individual
spring.
The arm 54 being attached to the upper type carrier is adapted to turn there-
with, and hence the toggle plate or lever 56 is caused to bear at different points
upon the curved: frame or wire. 61, according to the swing or movement of the
type carrier, and which of course is governed by the arm or handle 55 and the
finger-piece attached thereto.
The lower. type carrier is. adapted to be swung. or vibrated, by means of a
separate.tubular arm or handle .75, and a finger-piece comprising a ring 76, having
an anti-binding.device 77: and :a.stem,78, movable in said tubular arm-75.
By referring to Figure 1, it will be observed that the keyboard is provided with
three concentric rows of keys 79, which keys, as shown at Figure 2, are preferably
elevated above the surface of the board or support. 23. The said keys are made
round or button-like, in imitation of the keys. of one of the standard machines,
and are provided with letters, numerals, and other characters, corresponding with
the type characters.ou the segments, both in kind and relative position or arrange-
ment. As will be seen at Figure 1, certain of the keys are adapted for two
characters, one of which may be said to be in the lower case and the other in the
upper case. These keys all bear the numerals. and punctuation marks. The
alphabetical keys.bear each only. a. single character, but they are adapted for use
to print both the upper case and the lower case of that character.
Owing to the arrangement of. the keys in several rows, the handles or finger-
pieces must be capable of movement backward and forward, and it is for this
reason that the said finger-pieces are made separate from the arms 55 and 75,
and by. means of their stems are adapted to slide in and out thereof.
As illustrated at Figures 1 and 2, it is designed that the first or. index
finger of each hand shall be passed through the ring. of its finger-piece and
act as a stylus. to control the movement of the type carrier, so as to bring
any desired type.on either carrier. to the impression point, and thereafter effect

page_text: the printing of such character and the proper feed movement of the paper
carriage.
If it be desired, for instance, to print the word "Spring," beginning with a
capital "S," the finger piece of the arm 55 is moved over until the finger in the
ring arrives at the letter "S" on the keyboard, which the finger touches. This
movement brings the capital letter "S" on the upper type carrier to the
printing point, and by the slight downward movement of the finger necessary to
touch the key, the upper type carrier is shifted or depressed (which depression
forces down the lower type carrier also) and then, with the finger still upon the
letter "S," enough pressure is brought to bear to cause the entire keyboard to
descend, whereupon the printing and locking lever is vibrated to cause the upper
type carrier to be locked, and the selected type pressed back against the paper.
At the same time the feed mechanism of the carriage is actuated, so that when
the finger pressure is relieved the carriage feeds a letter space, and all of the
parts affected by the depression of the keyboard are restored to their normal
positions. The said finger piece is then swung over towards the right and moved
inwardly in its tube or support, so that the finger may bear upon the letter "P,"
in the first or inner row. The bringing down of the finger upon the letter "P"
causes the upper type carrier to descend as before, and then by the continued
depression of the keyboard the small letter "p" is caused to be printed. To print
the letter "r," the left-hand arm 75 is swung over to the key "R," which brings
the small letter "r" on the lower type carrier to the printing point, and then the
keyboard is depressed as before, to cause the said letter to print. The letter "i"
is impressed by moving the right-hand arm 55 in the proper direction or directions,
so that the finger on the right hand may descend upon the key "I" and cause the
letter "i" on the upper carrier to be printed when the keyboard is depressed.
This same finger is then moved to the key "N," to bring the type 6 n on the
upper carrier to the printing point and effect its impression in the manner before
explained. The final letter of the word is selected and printed by moving the
left-hand index finger over to the key "G," and causing the letter "g" on the
lower carrier to come to the printing point and be impressed on the paper when
the keyboard is forced down.
It will be observed from the foregoing description of the manner of writing the
word "Spring" that every time the right-hand finger-piece is actuated the upper
type-carrier is shifted or caused to descend, and also that when the said right-hand
finger-piece is manipulated over the right-hand half of the keyboard only lower
case letters or characters are printed, while when said right-hand finger-piece is
swung over on the left-hand half or portion of the keyboard only upper case letters
are printed thereby; and it will be understood from the drawings and the general
description that while the left-hand finger-piece is at work upon the left-hand half
of the keyboard lower case characters only will be printed, but when said finger-
piece is carried over to work upon the right-hand half of the keyboard apper case
characters will be printed thereby. I have used a heavy broken line 80 on the
keyboard to indicate the line of division between what I have designated as the
right-hand half and the left-hand half of the keyboard. This mark will serve to
enable operators to distinguish between the upper case and lower case characters,
that is to say, they will thereby be informed that the right-hand finger-piece will
print all lower case characters as long as it is manipulated in the right-hand field,
but that when it is swung over past the dividing line upper case characters will be
obtained; and similarly that as long as the left-hand finger-piece is kept working
on the left-hand side of the line 80 lower case characters will be printed, but when
moved over on the right of said line the printing of upper case characters will be
effected.
The types may be supplied with ink in any desired manner, but I prefer the flat
inking disks 73 and 74 for the upper and lower case segments respectively, which
disks are adapted to shift with the upper type carrier.
Referring now to Figure 6, it will be observed that essentially the same principle

page_text: of construction is again illustrated, but in this form of my invention I have divided
the keyboard into two parts, in order to avoid the depression of the entire key-
board for the printing of individual characters. Owing to this division of the
keyboard, the lever frame carrying the same is slightly modified in construction;
that is to say, there is a lever frame provided for each independent half of the
keyboard. To obtain this construction, the rock-shaft 25 is divided or made in two
separate parts, each having a spring and provided at its outer end with a lover 21,
whose outer end is attached to the keyboard. At the inner end of each rock-shaft
is provided another lever 24, which at its outer end is also connected to its
associated portion of the keyboard. The bell-crank 19, to which the link 14 is
attached, is provided with a space key 30, as before, but there is provided an extra
arm 22, for the said space key, which arm is attached at its inner end to the pivot
of the bell-crank. In all other respects the construction is substantially the same
as that described with reference to the previous views, and the operation of the
mechanism is likewise substantially the same, the only difference being that
one-half of the keyboard is depressed at a time.
Referring now to Figures 7 and 8, the construction again is substantially the
same as that shown at Figures 1 to 5 inclusive, with the exception of the key-
board. In this case the keys are arranged in three concentric rows and radially of
the center of oscillation of the type carriers, as before. These keys are, however,
independently movable, while the frame in which they are mounted is fixed. Each
key-head or button is provided with a stem or shank 81, which slides in slots or
bearings in two parallel horizontal plates 82 and 83 suitably supported from the
base of the machine.
The lower ends of the shanks of these individual keys all rest normally upon a
universal bar or plate 84, sufficiently wide and long to embrace all of said keys.
This universal bar or plate is attached to and supported by levers 24 extending
forward from a transverse rock-shaft 25, bearing returning springs 27. The
construction and operation of the selecting mechanism and the feeding mechanism
are substantially the same as in the constructions hereinbefore described. In the
printing operation the fingers act to depress the keys individually or separately,
instead of depressing either the whole keyboard or one-half thereof, and it will he
understood that when any key is thus depressed the universal bar or plate is caused
to descend and the printing and locking lever is vibrated to impress a type against
the paper and to simultaneously lock the particular type carrier which may be in
action; and at the same time such depression of the universal bar or plate effects
the carriage feed movement, by reason of the extension of the bell-crank to a point
beneath said universal bar or plate.
Referring now to Figures 9 and 10, the keyboard is of that type which is
illustrated at Figure 1, but the type carriers and their actuating devices are
somewhat different. In this instance the type carriers, instead of being segmental
or are-shaped, are made straight, and are provided with racks, which are movable
endwise by means of toothed sectors, which in turn are operated by the finger-
pieces or handles before described. 85 designates a frame which is adapted to
support the upper and; lower type carriers and to guide them in their longitudinal
movements. The upper type carrier consists of the bar 86, to which is attached
the soft rubber type plate, and on the back of said bar is formed or provided a
rack 87, with which is adapted to engage the toothed rack on the upper sector 88,
which swings about a vertical post as 50. The lower type carrier consists of a
similar bar 89, a rubber type plate, and a longitudinally-arranged rack 90, alapted
to be engaged by the teeth of the lower sector 91. To each sector is connected
an arm and finger-piece in the manner hereinbefore described, whereby the sector
is enabled to be oscillated as the finger-piece is carried over the keyboard, and by
such oscillation to transmit movement by means of the gearing to one or er of
the type carriers, to bring the desired type to the printing point. The fame 83,
being attached to or supported upon the vertical post 50, is adapted to move up
and down thereupon, to enable the upper type carrier to be shifted to ani from the

page_text: impression plane. This shifting action of the type carriers may be effected by the
same means as shown at Figures 1, 4, etc., and which means have been omitted
from Figures 9 and 10 in order to simplify the drawings, the purpose of this
modification of the invention being principally to illustrate that the improvements.
made by me may be carried out in machines in which the type carriers vary in
shape and construction; and it will of course be understood, in all cases, that
almost any of the known forms or constructions of type carriers composed of or
provided with rubber types or metal types may be used without departing from.
the spirit of my invention.
Referring now to Figures 11 and 12, it will be seen that I have shown my
improvements still further developed, and in the form to which I now give
preference over those forms herein before described, and illustrated in the remaining-
views.
In this machine the main difference is to be found in the construction and
arrangement of the keyboard and in the employment of a universal bar.
.
To the free ends of the side levers 24° is attached a universal bar 92, which.
underlies a series of key levers 93, arranged radially of the post 50, and having-.
bends at their outer ends, which are provided with keys or buttons likewise
arranged radially of said posts. Each key lever, excepting the extreme ones,. is:
provided with three keys or buttons, which are adapted to be depressed by the
fingers inserted in the rings of the finger-pieces or handles, as hereinbefore >
described. The rear ends of the said key levers are pivoted at 94 upon brackets 95,
on a transverse supporting plate 96, and each said lever is provided with a
returning spring 97. In this construction it will be observed that only three keys.
are depressed at the same time; that is to say, when any one of the keys on any
one of the levers is actuated, only the two other keys on said levers move with the.
selected key, which I deem a better arrangement than either that shown at.
Figure 1 or that shown at Figure 6, because only a small portion of the entire
keyboard is moved at a time, and hence not only is the touch of the machine made
lighter but the work is less tiresome to the eyes of the operator. While the form.
shown at Figures 7 and 8 of course reduces the movements of the parts to a single,
key at a time the construction nevertheless is more complex and costly. The
operation of the construction shown at Figures 11 and 12 is substantially the same.
as that hereinbefore described of the other views, and apparently needs no further..
detailed description.
It will be understood from the foregoing description that in all instances both
handles may be simultaneously operated to select their respective types, that is,
the desired types on each carrier may be brought simultaneously to the printing
center or plane, namely, to the vertical plane passing through the impression..
device, so that both types will be in position to be impressed upon the paper,
although of course only one type can be printed at a time."
. As the operator is enabled to use both hands in operating the machine, and as
one hand may be employed in selecting a key or type while the other is engaged in.;
depressing a previously selected type, the advantage of the natural alternate
motion of the hands is secured, the operation of the machine very much facilitated,
and a speed may be reached approximate to that attainable on the more complicated..
and costly machines in general use. By my invention the work is divided about
equally between the two hands, and each hand (except when printing capital
letters) remains at its own side of the keyboard, whereas in former machines of the..
index class only one hand could be employed, and it was necessary to manipulate
and travel over the entire keyboard with the single index.
:
Heretofore index plates or keyboards have been provided with small and
compactly arranged letters, in consequence of which it was difficult to distinguish.
the letters readily from one another, thus hindering the rapid manipulation of the
machines. An important feature of my invention is the adaptation of a set of
finger keys to be used in connection with a selecting means, the finger keys being..
easily distinguishable and easily manipulated.

page_text: Heretofore where a single keyboard alphabet has been employed in connection
with both lower case and capital types, it has not been possible to print capital
letters without previously manipulating an independent shift-key, but by my
invention this is not necessary, each of the indexes or handles being capable of
printing either lower case letters or capitals at the will of the operator, without the
use of any independent shift-key, the keyboard being provided with only one
alphabet.
It will thus be seen that I have produced a practicable machine of few parts,
which can be manufactured and sold at a low price, and which will approximate
in speed the complicated and costly machines now in general use.
So far as some features of my invention are concerned, lower case types need not
be employed, but two complete sets of capitals can be used, without departing from
the spirit of my invention, or only one set of capital letters may be employed, half
on each carrier, without lower case types. So far as other features of my invention
are concerned, the usual index plate can be employed instead of finger keys; rods
and tubes may be reversed, metal types may be used, the paper may be pressed
against the types, the finger-pieces may be of other than ring form; and as the
machine can be modified in various other ways without departing from my
invention, I do not desire to be considered as limiting myself to the precise
constructions herein set forth, unless they are specifically referred to in the
claims.
Different type carrier locking and type impressing devices, and a different paper
carriage and feeding mechanism therefor may be employed without avoiding my
main improvements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two independently movable
type carriers, with means for adjusting them simultaneously at the printing
center.
2. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a movable type carrier, a handle
or finger-piece connected thereto, and an independently movable type carrier to
which is also connected a handle or finger-piece.
3. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a movable type carrier, an
independently movable type carrier, a keyboard or set of keys, and means
independent of the keyboard for moving the type carriers.
4. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two independently movable
type carriers, handles therefor, and an index plate or keyboard."
5. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle
therefor, and a set of finger keys corresponding with the types on the carrier.
6. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a rotatory type carrier, a handle,
and a set of finger keys.
7. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a rotatory type carrier, a handle
therefor provided with a pivot, and a series of finger keys arranged in concentric
rows about said pivot.
8. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, an index plate or
keyboard, and means for employing the finger of the operator as a stylus to control
the motion of the type carrier and select the types to be printed.
9. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier with a handle
and a finger ring.
10. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle
therefor, a finger ring, and a series of finger keys.
11. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, an index plate
or keyboard bearing letters or keys arranged in two or more rows, and a sliding
finger-piece connected to said type carrier.
12. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a rotatory type carrier, a series

page_text: of finger keys arranged in rows; and a handle for the carrier provided with a
sliding finger-piece.
13. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle, and a
finger ring provided with an anti-friction device.
14. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two independently movable
carriers arranged next to each other, and each provided with a row of types at
its inner edge, so that the rows are parallel and in immediate proximity to each
other.
15. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two independently movable
carriers, each bearing a row of types and said rows being parallel with each other,
and means for working both type rows at a common printing plane.
16. In a
typewriting machine, the combination of two independently movable
type carriers arranged in parallel planes and adapted to make impressions at a
common printing point, and means for holding either of said carriers in an
inoperative position while the other of said carriers is making an impression.
17. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two type carriers, means for
holding one in an inoperative position while the other is in an operative position,
and a handle connected to said carrier and to said holding means.
18. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two independent concentric
rotatory and depressible type carriers one arranged above the other, and means
for impressing the types of either carrier upon the paper.
19. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two independently movable
concentric rotatory type carriers, one arranged above the other, with means for
holding either carrier in an inoperative position while any type of the other carrier
is being impressed upon the paper.
20. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a rotatory type carrier located
out of the printing plane, an operating handle pivoted to the carrier, a depressible
index plate or finger-key, and means connected to the handle for bringing the type
carrier bodily into the impression plane prior to the depression of the index plate
or key.
21. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carrier bearing a series of
types, said types standing normally out of line with the impression point, an
impression device, means for operating the impression device, and means for
automatically bringing said types into line with the impression point during the
operation of said impression device.
22. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier normally in
line with the impression point, an independent type carrier normally out of line
with the impression point, and means for moving the former out of line and
simultaneously moving the latter into line with the impression point.
23. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle 55
pivoted thereto, an arm 54 fixed to said handle, a frame 61, a lever 56 connecting
said arm to said frame, and a spring.
24. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two handle-actuated carriers,
each bearing a series of independently movable types, with a common impression
device for impressing any type of either carrier upon the paper.
25. In a typewriting machine, the combination with two handle-actuated type
carriers, of a common pivoted impression device adapted to co-act with either of
the carriers.
26. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two type carriers, a common
impression device adapted to be actuated by the depression of a finger key or
index plate, and handle for each type carrier.
27. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle
therefor, a finger key, and a type-impressing device actuated by the finger key.
28. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, an impression
device actuated by a finger key, and means whereby the finger of the operator can.
be employed as a stylus to both control the movements of the type carrier and
depress the finger key.

page_text: 29. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two type carriers, each
provided with a series of perforations, with an impression device carrying two
locking pins, one for each series of perforations.
30. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two type carriers, each
provided with a series of perforations and a slot, with two locking pins, one for
each carrier.
31. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a type carrier, of a locking
pin, the carrier being provided with a series of holes for receiving the pin when
the carrier is in operative position, and with a slot for the pin to pass through
when the carrier is in an inoperative position and the locking pin is operated.
32. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a fixed post with two type
carriers, one above the other and both arranged to rotate about and slide upon
said post.
33. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier provided with
part of an alphabet, another type carrier provided with the remainder of the
alphabet, a keyboard or set of keys, and means independent of the keyboard for
moving said type carriers.
34. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier having
a bandle and provided with part of an alphabet of lower case letters and part of
an alphabet of capital letters, and a superposed type carrier having a handle and
provided with the remainder of the alphabet of lower case letters and the remainder
of the alphabet of capital letters.
35. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier having
a handle and provided with an alphabet, part of which are lower case letters and
part of which are capital letters, with another superposed type carrier likewise
having a handle and provided with an alphabet, part of which are likewise small
letters and the remainder capital letters, and means for bringing all of said
characters on both carriers to a common impression point.
36. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two type carriers, having
handles and cach provided with an alphabet, part of which are lower case letters
and the remainder capital letters, the lower case letters on one carrier corresponding
with the capital letters on the other carrier, and means for bringing all of said
characters on both carriers to a common impression point.
37. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two type carriers, each
provided with a single row of types, and each row comprising a series of small or
lower case letters placed next to a series of capital or upper case letters.
38. In a typewriting machine, the combination with an index plate or keyboard
bearing a single alphabet, of two independent movable handles for controlling two
sets of types.
39. In a typewriting machine, the combination with an index plate or keyboard
bearing a single alphabet, of two handles for controlling two sets of types, each
handle being adapted for manipulation at any portion of the entire keyboard to be
printed on the paper.
40. In a typewriting machine, the combination with an index plate or keyboard
bearing a single alphabet, of two independently movable handles, one of which
controls part of an alphabet of lower case letters and part of an alphabet of capital
letters, and the other of which controls the remainder of the alphabet of lower case
letters and the remainder of the alphabet of capitals.
41. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a series of types controlled
by a handle, and an index plate or keyboard provided with a single alphabet, of
means for causing lower case letters to be printed when the handle is mnauipulated
at one portion of said keyboard and incans for causing capital letters to be printed
when the handle is manipulated at another portion of said keyboard.
42. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two independently movable
type carriers, each provided with a manipulating handle, and an index plate or
keyboard, the said handles being arranged in different horizontal planes, so that

page_text: emay be manipulated at any portion of the keyboard without clashing with
the other.
43. In a typewriting machine, the combination with an index plate or keyboard
bearing an alphabet, of a carrier provided with a series of types corresponding
with said keyboard in their relative arrangement, a portion of said types being
lower case and a portion being capitals, and a handle connected to said carrier and
extending to the keyboard.
44. In a typewriting machine, the combination with an index plate or keyboard
bearing a single alphabet, of two independently movable handles, each connected
to a type carrier, one of the carriers bearing an alphabet corresponding to the-
keyboard but having a portion of its types lower case and a portion capitals, and
the other of the carriers bearing an alphabet likewise corresponding to the key-
board and having the remainder of the lower case letters and the remainder of the
capitals.
45. In a typewriting machine, the combination with an index plate or keyboard,
of two independently movable type carrier controlling haudles, one arranged at the
right hand of the keyboard and one at the left, and both adapted to cause lower.
case letters to be printed on the paper, and means for causing capital letters to be
printed when the right-hand handle is manipulated at the left-hand side of the
keyboard or when the left-hand handle is manipulated at the right-hand side of
the keyboard.
46. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a key and two type-controlling
handles, with means for causing a lower case letter to be printed on the paper when
the key is manipulated in connection with one of said handles, and means for
causing a capital letter to be printed when the key is manipulated in connection
with the other of said handles.
47. In a typewriting machine, the combination with an index plate or keyboard
bearing a single alphabet, of two handles for controlling two sets of types, each
handle being adapted for manipulation at all portions of the keyboard, and each.
handle being adapted to produce capital letters where the other handle produces.
lower case letters on the paper.
48. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle, and
a series of independent movable finger keys.
49. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle, and:
a lever bearing a series of finger keys.
50. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle, a
series of levers each bearing a plurality of finger keys, and a universal bar.
51. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a type carrier, of a con-
trolling device therefor, and a series of levers each bearing a plurality of finger
keys.
52. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle, and
a series of pivoted key levers.
53. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, an impression
device, a handle, and a series of independently movable keys for actuating the
impression device.
54. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle, a.
series of independently depressible finger keys, a universal bar, and an impression
device.
55. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle, an
impression device, means for actuating the impression device including a universal
bar, and a series of key levers for actuating the universal bar.
56. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a paper carriage, spacing
mechanism therefor connected to a depressible finger key, a type carrier, and a
handle therefor extending to said finger key.
57. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a paper
carriage, feeding mechanism therefor, a series of independent mhle keys.

page_text: for actuating the feeding mechanism, and a handle for controlling the type
carrier.
58. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a handle, a
paper carriage, a feeding mechanism therefor including a universal bar, and a series
of independent movable keys for actuating the universal bar.
59. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a letter space feeding
mechanism, an actuating lever therefor, a space key attached to said lever, a
universal bar arranged to actuate said lever, a series of independently depressible
keys for actuating said universal bar, a type carrier, and a handle for controlling
the carrier.
60. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a type carrier, a pivoted
impression device provided with a slot, a pivoted universal bar provided with a
più arranged to work in said slot, and a series of independently depressible keys
for actuating said universal bar.
61. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two type carriers arranged to
move up and down to bring their respective types into line with the impression point,
and an inking device for said types arranged to move up and down simultaneously
with said carriers.
62. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two type carriers arranged to
rotate and slide upon a fixed standard, and an inking device also arranged upon
said standard and adapted to slide with said type carriers..
63. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two carriers, each provided
with a set of movable types, with means for simultaneously selecting a type of
each carrier.
64. In a typewriting machine, the combination with an index plate or keyboard
bearing a single alphabet, of two independent movable handles, a set of lower case
types and a set of capital types connected to said handles, and means controlled by
said handles for impressing either a lower case or capital type upon the paper at
the will of the operator.
65. In a typewriting machine, the combination with an index plate or key-
board bearing a single alphabet, of two independently movable handles, an
alphabet of lower case types, an alphabet of capital types, and means controlled
by the handles for bringing either lower case or capital types into the printing
field.
66. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a set of types, a controlling
andle, and a set of finger keys.
67. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two independently movable
pe carriers, each provided with a handle, with means for bringing any type upon
ber carrier to a common impression point.
18. In a typewriting machine, two independent type carriers each having a
arate handle or actuator adapted for movement over a keyboard connected to
printing mechanism, whereby both of the hands of the operator may be
oyed in the selection and printing of the type characters.
Dated this 27th day of June 1896.
FELL & JAMES,
Agents for the Applicant.