IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, LIME, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, Proprietor of the Firm
of J. Brandt & G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of
124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, LIME, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
A com-
munication from Erdmann Arnold, of Fürstenwalde, Prussia, German
Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November
1881.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt &
G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 12+, Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, LIME, AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES." [A communication from Erdmann Arnold, of Fürstenwalde,
Prussia, German Empire.]
This Invention relates to an improved construction of chamber kilns for burning
lime, bricks, and other materials, wherein two or more firing chambers are combined
with each other and with heating chambers or regenerators beneath them in the
following manner :-
Each firing chamber has firstly one or more firing grates, whose ash pits can be
closed by doors; secondly, an opening near the top leading both to a chimney stack
and to a flue or passage that leads to the lower part of the second or next chamber;
thirdly, it has an opening at or near the bottom, from which a flue or passage leads
into a heating chamber or regenerator beneath the second or next firing chamber,
which heating chamber is provided with extended surfaces for taking up heat from
one portion of the highly heated air passing through the same, and for imparting
the said heat to another portion of the air required for combustion, and which also
communicates with the inner end and underside of the fire grate of the said second
or next chamber. All the above mentioned communicating passages or flues being
provided with slides or valves for closing the communications, the action of the
kiln will be as follows:-

page_text: The first firing chamber being charged with goods to be fired through a charging
door, fire is kindled on the grate, and the slide establishing communication with the
chimney is opened, the other slides being closed.
The firing proceeds in this manner until the second or next chamber has been
charged with goods, whereupon the direct communication between the first chamber
and the chimney is closed, and the communication between the two chambers is
opened, as is also the communication between the second chamber and the chimney,
so that the hot gases from the first chamber pass through the second chamber,
heating and drying the goods therein before escaping to the chimney. The firing
of the contents of the first chamber being completed, the communication with the
second chamber is closed, and the communication with the heating chamber
beneath the latter is opened, as is also the charging door of the first chamber.
The outer air now entering the latter takes up heat from the fired goods, cooling
these, and passing thence into the chamber beneath the second firing chamber,
imparts a portion of its heat thereto before entering the fire grate of the second
firing chamber. When the first firing chamber has been discharged, and is being
charged with fresh goods, the air still passes through it on its way to the fire grate
of the second chamber, taking up the heat that was before deposited in the heating
chamber beneath the same. The firing of the goods in the second chamber being
completed, the above described cycle of operations is repeated in connection there-
with, the described communications being established either with the first chamber,
if there are only two chambers, or with the next following one, if there are three
or more grouped together. By preference a group of four such firing chambers are
arranged-round-a-central-chimney-shaft, with the various described-communications
established, so that they all operate in rotation. By means of the slides or valves
the communication of any one or more of the series can be cut off, and cach
chamber can also be fired as a single kiln if necessary. The firegrates are by
preference formed with an inner set of bars placed at a vertical angle with the
outer set, which are also placed at an incline, so that the heated air coming from
the air chamber will have better access to the fuel on such double inclmed grate,
and effect the more complete combustion thereof.
The brick arch over the front set of bars is also inclined or stepped in a
corresponding manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th April 1882.
"
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt &
G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 12+, Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, Germany. IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, LIME, AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES." A communication from Erdmann Arnold, of Fürstenwalde,
Prussia, German Empire.
This Invention relates to an improved construction of chamber kilns for burning
lime, bricks, and other materials, wherein two or more firing chambers are combined
with each other and with heating chambers or regenerators beneath them in the
following manner:-Each firing chamber has, firstly, one or more firing grates,
whose ash pits can be closed by doors; secondly, an opening near the top leading
both to a chimney stack and to a flue or passage that leads to the lower part of the
second or next chamber; thirdly, it has an opening at or near the bottom, from
which a flue or passage leads into a heating chamber or regenerator beneath the
second or next firing chamber, which heating chamber is provided with extended
surfaces for taking up heat from one portion of the highly heated air passing
through the same, and for imparting the said heat to another portion of the air
required for combustion, and which also communicates with the inner end and
underside of the firegrate of the said second or next chamber. All the above
mentioned communicating passages or flues being provided with slides or valves for
closing the communications, the action of the kiln will be as follows:-
The first firing chamber being charged with goods to be fired through a charging
door, fire is kindled on the grate, and the slide establishing communication with
the chimney is opened, the other slides being closed. The firing proceeds in this
manner until the second or next chamber has been charged with goods, whereupon
the direct communication between the first chamber and the chimney is closed,
and the communication between the two chambers is opened, as is also the com-
munication between the second chamber and the chimney, so that the hot gases
from the first chamber pass through the second chamber, heating and drying the
goods therein before escaping to the chimney. The firing of the contents of the
first chamber being completed, the communication with the second chamber is
closed, and the communication with the heating chamber beneath the latter is
opened, as is also the charging door of the first chamber. The outer air now
entering the latter takes up heat from the fired goods, cooling these, and passing
thence into the chamber beneath the second firing chamber imparts a portion of its
heat thereto before entering the firegrate of the second tiring chamber. When the
first firing chamber has been discharged, and is being charged with fresh goods,
the air still passes through it on its way to the fire grate of the second chamber,
taking up the heat that was before deposited in the heating chamber beneath the
same. The firing of the goods in the second chamber being completed, the above
described cycle of operations is repeated in connection therewith, the described
communications being established either with the first chamber, if there are only
two chambers, or with the next following one, if there are three or more grouped
together. By preference a group of four such firing chambers are arranged round
a central chimney shaft, with the various described communications established, 80
that they all operate in rotation. By means of the slides or valves the communi-
cation of any one or more with the series can be cut off, and each chamber can also
be fired as a single kiln if necessary. The fire grates are by preference formed with

page_text: an inner set of bars placed at a vertical angle with the other set, which are also
placed at an incline, so that the heated air coming from the air chamber will have
better access to the fuel on such double inclined grate, and effect the more complete
combustion thereof.
The brick arch over the front set of bars is also inclined or stepped in a
Fig. 1 of the Drawings shews a vertical section of the above described kiln;
Fig. 2 shews a sectional plan of the burning chambers; and Fig. 3, a sectional plan
of the flues beneath.
The four chambers A, B, C, and D are arranged symmetrically round the chimney.
Of the two outer walls of each chamber, one serves for the fire places a, while the
other has the charging door b. The other two walls contain the connecting
channels and dampers. The latter are precisely the same for each two consecutive
chambers, so that the following description of the chambers A and B will also apply
to the connection of the other chambers :-
From the chamber A passages d opening near the roof lead to a transverse flue,
which communicates by an opening provided with a slide f, with a flue H leading
to the chimney, and also with a flue m communicating with the chamber B, and
closed by a slide h. By this arrangement of flues and slides the products of com-
-bustion-can-be-made-to-pass-from-chamber Aeither into the chimney or into
chamber B. From the chamber A furthermore lead flues closed by slides p to the
heating chamber M beneath the chamber B, communicating with the ashpits of
the fireplaces, which are closed at the outside by doors i. The heating chamber M
is provided with partitions having openings, as shewn at Fig. 3, but can have a
filling similar to the Siemens regenerative furnaces. It serves to heat the air
required for combustion in the fireplaces a, and also to warm the bed of the firing
chamber, the air serving to cool the fired goods in chamber A after passing through
the passage O, being male to pass through the said heating chamber M, and to give
up a portion of its heat thereto before passing in a still heated condition to the fire-
place. The grate is formed with a double incline, as shewn, and the brick arch
above it is stepped so as to direct the incoming air downwards on to the grate.
The air coming from the chamber M passes through the part S of the grate, the air
supply being regulated by keeping more or less of this part of the grate uncovered.
When the contents of the chamber A have been discharged, the air is still allowed
to pass through it into the chamber M, whereby the heat previously absorbed by
the latter will be given out again to the colder air now passing through, thus
P is
insuring a constant supply of hot air to the fire grates. Access to the slides
gained through the passage r. The kiln operates as follows:-
The slides and p of chamber A being closed and slide f opened, as also the ash-
pit door, the fire is lit. The chamber B having been charged with fresh goods,
the slide f is closed and h is opened, and by opening and closing the corresponding
slides of the chamber B a cominunication is established between the latter and the
chimney. The products of combustion are thus made to pass from A through B
to the chimney, imparting a great portion of their heat to the charge of B. The
charge of A having been fired, his closed and p is opened, as also the charging
door of chamber A. Air now enters A, takes up heat from the goods therein,
In the same manner all the
and passes through o and M to the fireplaces of B.
four chambers are made to act consecutively in combination with each other, ench
being charged, fired, cooled, and discharged in rotation. By closing the respective
slides however the chambers may be fired independently of each other. Instead of
having a series of four chambers, only two can be used, in which case there would
be the same communications established from chamber B to chamber A as have
been described between A and B.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my correspondent,
I clain-
First. In a kiln for burning bricks, lime, and other materials, the arrangement of
the heating chambers M placed directly under the floor of the firing chamber, and
connected on the one hand with the fireplaces, and on the other hand with the
preceding firing chamber, substantially as herein described.
Second. The arrangement of the firing places with double incline, of which the
inner part serves for the passage of the heated air coming from the chamber M.
Third. In a kiln with two or four firing chambers, the herein described double
connection of two chambers with each other by means of passages and slides, in
combination with the heating chambers M, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, havo
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.