IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED THEREFOR;
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Erskine Brown, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED
THEREFOR;"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Erskine Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th November 1866.
I, JOHN ERSKINE BROWN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
'IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say: -
This Invention has reference to improvements in the construction of finishing
machines and parts thereof for the purpose of giving the softening and
elastic" finish to woven fabrics (produced by giving them a longitudinal and
transverse oscillatory or "jigging" motion while being "tentered," stretched,
and dried in passing through the machine) which render such machines much
shorter, more compact and convenient, and also more efficient and economical

page_text: in their action and use than heretofore; and essentially consists in shortening
the whole length of this class of machines to about one half, or less, than they
have usually been constructed, and causing the cloth to pass along with the
actuating chains tangentially along the upper and under side or periphery of
one, two, or more pairs of chain pulleys, placed at the front and back ends of!
the machines, and alternately round the outer semicircumference of these
chain pulleys in a long, open, looped, or zig-zag manner for one, three, five, or
other odd number of turns extending the whole length of the machine (in.
place of only passing once through or over the top of one such pair of chain
pulleys in one very long straight line, as heretofore constructed and used in
this class of finishing machines), and so as to expose as great a length of the
fabric for as long a time to the finishing (or "breaking," "tentering," and
drying), action as heretofore, before being removed from the chains, by making
the whole number of tiers or loops of cloth to oscillate to and fro longitudinally
in reverse directions at the two selvages, along with the endless chains (to
which the selvages are attached by "tenter" pins or "holding clips,"
essentially as usual, which at the same time carry the cloth at a uniform rate
through the machine while it is being dried by ranges of steam heated
chambers or pipes. This oscillatory or."breaking" motion for imparting.to
the cloth the "elastic finish," is given to two open ridged. side frames
'composed of rails and brackets carrying the journals of the chain pulleys for
guiding, carrying, and actuating the drawing and "tentering" chains to which
the cloth is attached.
Another important improvement in this Invention consists in making the
leading on and returning parts of the chains diverge to and from the first and
last chain pulleys of the rocking frames by a long loose part at right angles to
..the line of. motion of the frames, and then pass round guide pulleys to the
feeding roller, so that the chains have only a regular progressive motion at
this front part where the cloth is fed on, while the long. loose parts of the
chains vibrate to and fro with the frames without lengthening or shortening
them to any injurious extent; or these leading on and returning parts of the
chain may be simply left in slack loops with moveable weighted rollers
depressing them, which would compensate for the lengthening and shortening
of the chains and leave them with a steady progressive motion over the feeding
'roller for the better feeding. on of the cloth.
Another improvement has reference to the " holding clips or pincers,
when such are employed in place of the "tenter" pins, or in conjunction with
them, and consists in giving motion to the free end or arm of the moving
lever or nipping jaw of the pincers, in the direct transverse line of strain upon

page_text: the chain in stretching and "jigging" the cloth by a spiral spring and a pin
or stem working in a recess formed in the lateral arm of each link of the
chain carrying the fixed and moveable jaw of the pincers. The springs press.
out the free ends of the bell-crank levers, passed down through slöts in the:
side of the recesses for the 'purpose, and also, the reactionary pins on the
opposite side of the levers, so as to cause the nippers to grasp or hold the
selvages of the cloth; while the reverse action is produced by the outer end
of the pins which pass out through the chain coming in contact with a laterally
projecting reactionary or cam surface, formed on the chain or other guides at
the proper places required so as to press in the free end of the levers and so
release the cloth, the absence of this projecting cam surface allowing the.
springs to close and hold the cloth with a force' equal to the strength of.
the spring multiplied by the ratio of the length of the arms of the moving.
levers.
"
The general construction of the parts preferred for carrying out these
improvements under this Invention as applied to a horizontal finishing.
machine of this class, and the action or operation of the same are as
follows:-The fabric or cloth to be finished is fed by the selvages loosely
on to or into "tenter" pins or holding "clips" or nippers respectively' as-
desired (attached to the two endless chains in the ordinary manner, or when
":
holding clips are used they are by preference made of the improved
construction herein-before described). The cloth so fed on is carried
horizontally and longitudinally along with the chains, first over the feeding
roller revolving in stationary bearings at the front end of the machine, and
then under a guide roller, and up 'vertically or at right angles to the line of
motion of the rocking frame, by a considerable length or pendant chain,
tangentially over the first or top pair of chain pulleys carried in bearings at
the first end of the two rocking side frames, and from thence along two top
horizontal chain guides formed in the upper rails of the rocking frame, to the
back end of the machine, where they pass down round a second pair of chain
pulleys carried in bearings formed in bracket pieces at the upper back end of
the rocking frames, and then brought forward to the front end of the machine
through or along a second pair of chain guides formed in intermediate rails
placed tangentially to the under périphery of the four top chain pulleys where
they are passed down round a third pair of chain pulleys below the first pair
at the front end, and carried back through a third pair of chain guide rails,
and down round a fourth pair of chain pulleys below the second pair at the
back end of the machine, from which they are again brought forward along
the lowest pair of chain guides forming the lower longitudinal rails of the

page_text: rocking side frames, where at the front end the chains are taken by
preference away also at right angles, as they were led on up from the
direction of the line of motion of the last pair of rocking chain pulleys, over'
a guide roller and along over the front feeding roller, and so completing the
circuit of the endless chains. The cloth which was loosely fed on to the
chains (at the part where they pass over the feeding 'roller, and have' no'
rocking motion) is partially stretched by the expanding of the chains as they:
extend up from the feeding and guide rollers or chain pulleys to the first pair'
of rocking chain pulleys of the frame, and also along the top length of chains,"
which are expanded by the top guide rails; set at an angle for that purpose, to 1
the full width necessary for the cloth just before reaching the back driving:
chain pulleys, and the cloth is then carried through the machine in this fully
stretched manner until it reaches the point where it is to be withdrawn from
the chains, where it may in some cases be narrowed a little to assist its
removal from the machine, and the cloth may be taken away at the lower
front or back chain pulleys in the usual manner by a pair of nipping and
withdrawing rollers, and then discharged in bundles by the usual folding
lever mechanism. The two main side frames are by preference caused to
oscillate upon four transverse horizontal round steel bars near each end of the'
frame, two above and two below, keyed to the upper and lower ends of two
short shafts carried vertically over each other in the centre width of the
machine, so as to oscillate in deep bearings formed in the centre of two strong'
four-armed horizontal cross frames, bolted to and supported by four strong.
columns placed outside the range of the rocking frames at each end of the
machine, and secured to a suitable foundation of masonry or cast iron sole
plate. The arms of these cross frames pass through between the two upper
and two lower pairs of longitudinal chain guide rails, between which rails and
arms is pivoted a vertical cross head or bar, made to work in eyes or bearings
formed in large snugs upon the sides of these rails, one for each pair of the
lateral round arms of the steel rods which pass through eyes bored out in the
swivel cross heads or bars of the said frames. These rocking frames are
drawn out and in upon the parallel steel bars, and fixed at pleasure by an
arrangement of four or other number of transverse spindles having right and
left-banded. screws formed on them, working into swivelling screw nuts
attached to the side frames, these spindles by preference being actuated by
one or more transverse and longitudinal shafts connected by spur and bevel
gearing, or by worms and worm wheels, finally actuated by one hand wheel or
pulley. by manual or motive power as desired, so as to make the chains and
pulleys suit any desired width of cloth to be finished. In some cases the

page_text: weight of the frames, chains, and pulleys may be supported and steadied in
their rocking action by four small antifriction rollers revolving on, bearings or
studs fixed in feet projecting down from the lowest rails of the frame, and
having their peripheries rolling on flat plates for the purpose, supported on
5 the foundation or upon small carriages free to move laterally on rails, but
having no motion longitudinally. The frames so arranged are made to
oscillate.to and fro longitudinally upon the vertical axles of the transverse
rocking steel arms working in the cruciformed transverse cast-iron frames by
a duplex-jointed connecting rod and disc or crank mechanical motion at one
Oor both sides of the machine connected to one of the rocking shafts, which
gives the regular progressive motion to the chains and chain wheels, and to a
horizontal shaft or shafts actuated by bevel gearing from one of the prime
moving shafts of the machine, which mechanical motion is a mere modifi-
.cation of the mode heretofore in use for giving the rocking motion to this
5 class of machines, which actuating crank and crank shaft may be made
:capable of adjustment to various lengths of "throw." and.speeds in relation
to the rate of the forward motion of the chains or not as desired. The
vibratory action alternately angles the weft threads by the two selvages to
teach side of the right angled line across the warp which "breaks" or softens
O both, and imparts the "elastic finish" to the cloth while stretched without
straining it as it is being regularly dried and drawn in a continuous length or
"chain" at a uniform rate through the machine. The drying is.effected by
horizontal steam chests placed below each tier of cloth; by preference having
their upper surface corrugated so as to increase the radiating. surface, and
5.assist the ingress of the air to be heated, and they may in some cases be
made in two widths with a space between them for the admission of air,
while that portion of the moist current of air which does not escape up
through or from above the cloth is allowed to escape at the edges, and when
these double steam chests are employed, or when the drying is effected in the
usual manner by tiers of open ranges or frames of steam pipes it is preferred
to have division plates or boards placed above the cloth to carry off the moist
air from the top surface of the lower tiers at the edge, and prevent it from
rising to the upper tiers of heating pipes and cloth, and it is preferred. to use
superheated steam in these vessels or sets of pipes supplied to them from an
ordinary steam boiler by a pipe passing through a flue or furnace for the
purpose of superheating the steam. The drying steam chests or pipes are
supported between the tiers of running and vibrating cloth nearly close up to
their under surface, either by rails stretched longitudinally between the-fixed
cross frames supported by the four main columns at each end of the machine

page_text: or by light supports or columns of their own ranged along each side clear of
the rocking frames.
The regular progressive motion is given to the chains by a modification of
the mechanism heretofore in use for the like purpose adapted to this new
arrangement and construction of mechanism, and it consists in driving. the
two pair of chain pulleys carried by the projecting brackets at the back of
the rocking frames so as to draw the chains towards them on their upper side
by two horizontal transverse shafts, one to each pair of chain pulleys, having
curved or barrel pinions on each end gearing into corresponding large spur
wheels made fast to the side of each chain wheel. Each shaft revolves.in
bearings formed in the two arms of a bow or saddle bracket, and oscillating
in. the same horizontal plane with the axis of the chain pulleys, and steadied
at their ends by working through bearings in the ends of the bracket carrying
the chain pulleys, their outer ends being supported and guided by bearing
bushes working on segmental fixed guides, and oscillating on the vertical axis
of a short shaft for giving it motion by a pair of bevel wheels working
within the bow of the bracket; this short vertical shaft being driven by a
pair of spur pinions from a long vertical shaft, driven from a prime moving
horizontal shaft below by a pair of bevel wheels, the vertical axes of the
vertical shafts being in the same longitudinal plane as the axes on which the
whole frame oscillate.
Although the improvements under this Invention have been described as
applied to a horizontal traversing and oscillating machine they are equally
applicable or adapted. with slight modifications (which would at once occur
to the practical engineer and makers of such machines) to traverse and
vibrate the fabric in either vertical or angular. planes. In which cases the
fixed framing or columns supporting the oscillating frames would require to
be much higher and stronger and stiffened by diagonal stays, and in some
cases made to carry narrow horizontal or angular division plates or boards
between the long undulated lengths or loops of cloth to regulate the heat and
currents of air acting thereon, at the different heights. Ducts or pipes may
be employed to conduct the dry fresh air to the surfaces of the steam heating
vessels or pipes at the proper heights, either from the surrounding air of the
finishing room .or from an inclosed fan blast, in which case the air may be
heated by passing through ranges of heating pipes in a steam vessel or flue,
furnace, or oven. Or, by another arrangement, open fans on light longitudinal
shafts may be ranged along the sides of the spaces between the tiers of cloth,
driven by motive power so as to cause a constant gentle current or circulation
of air to the heating surfaces, and to the cloth to be dried from the outward

page_text: dry air of the chamber. The prime moving "horizontal shaft for actuating all
the movements of the machine by the long vertical driving shaft is preferred;'
to be driven direct as the crank shaft of a small portable-steam engine, for
the purpose, supported on the sole plate carrying the framing or bearing.
standards of the actuating shafts of the machine; and in some cases it is
preferred to use rollers for reversing the long loops of chain and cloth over
at the ends of the machine in place of pairs of chain pulleys as herein
described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Erskine Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th May 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ERSKINE BROWN, of Glasgow," in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, 'send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Erskine Brown, Her special licence that I, the said John
Erskine Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Erskine Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should.at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Erskine Brown, my executors. or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Erskine Brown, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the

page_text: following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying. three.
Sheets of Drawings, and to the several illustrative figures, letters, and
numerals marked thereon, the same reference letters and. numerals indicating
the same or corresponding parts in all the Figures, and.which I have hereunto
appended for the purpose of showing the best modifications and means I am
at present aware of for practically performing, or putting my said Invention
into practice ;-
:
My said Invention has reference to improvements in the construction of.
finishing machines and parts thereof for the purpose of giving the softening
and "elastic" finish to the woven fabrics (produced by giving them a longi-
tudinal and transverse oscillatory or "jigging" motion while being "tentered,"
stretched, and dried in passing through the machine) which render such
machines much shorter, more compact and convenient, and also more efficient
and economical in their action and use than heretofore.
Figures 1 to 7 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings are elevational
diagrams of various general arrangements, or modifications of "jigging" or
breaking elastic finishing machines illustrative of several of the essential
features of the first part of my said Invention, which consists in shortening
the whole length of this class of machines from one-half as a maximum say
to one-sixth as a minimum of that which they have been usually constructed
and causing the cloth a indicated by blue lines to pass along with the usual
two "jigging" and actuating endless chains 6 (attached to them by "tenter"
pins or clips at the selvages of the cloth to be finished), indicated by double
red lines in all the general arrangements shown at Figures 1 to 14 tangentially
along the upper and under side or periphery of one, two, or more pairs of
chain pulleys c, d, c, d, c, d, or more placed at the front and back ends of
the machines respectively, and alternately round the outer semi-circumference
of these chain pulleys c and d in a long open looped or zig-zag manner for one,
three, five, seven, (or other odd number) of reverse turns. or open loops
extending the whole length of the machine, as indicated in Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4 respectively (in place of the cloth a only passing once through or over
the top of one pair of chain pulleys in one very long straight line, as
indicated at aº, a, in Figure 8, as heretofore constructed and used in this
class of chain "jigging" and elastic finishing machines) and so as by the
improved undulating and reversed looped arrangement of the chains 6 to
expose as great a length of the fabric a carried with them for as long a time
to the finishing (or "breaking," "tentering," and drying) action as in the
long chain finishing machine heretofore in use before being removed from the
chains 6 by making the whole number of tiers or loops of cloth a, a, a, a', a³,
b

page_text: a³, or a,.a¹, a³, a³; a, a, as the case may be (Figures 1. to 3), to oscillate to
and fro longitudinally in reverse directions at the two selvages along with and
throughout the whole length and number of the loops of the two endless
side chains b, to which the selvages of the cloth are attached by "stenter" or
"tenter" pins or "holding clips" essentially as usual; or according to my
improved forms of clip, the construction, and action of which will be herein-
after more fully described, and which at the same time carry the cloth at an
uniform rate through the machine while it is being also dried by ranges of
steam-heated chambers or pipes to be herein-after more fully described. '
Another important improvement in connection with, the shortening of the
machines and the undulating of their "jigging" chains comprised in my said
Invention, and consists in making the leading on and returning parts of the
endless chains 6 to approach or be led on to the first chain pulley c, and to be
led off or diverge to and from either of the last chain pulleys c¹ to c* as the
case may be (as seen in Figures 1 to 4) of the rocking frames carrying the
chains and chain pulleys to be herein-after more fully described by long loose or
vertically hanging parts 6º, 6¹, at right angles to the horizontal line of motion
of the moving frames and chain pulleys c, and then pass round guide
pulleys e, e, to the first or feeding roller or chain pulleys e, so that the
chains have only a regular progressive motion at this front part, where the
cloth a is fed on to the "tenter" pins or clips of the chains, while the long
loose hanging parts 6º, 61, of the chains 6 vibrate to and fro with the moving
frames and pulleys c, without lengthening or shortening them to any injurious
extent. These leading on and returning parts 60, 61, of the chains b'may be
simply left in slack curved parts or loops 6", with moveable weighted rollers f³,
as indicated in the elevational diagram Figure 5, depressing or raising these
loops at these leading and returning parts 6", which would take up or slack
off the chains so as to compensate for the lengthening and shortening of the
chains while " jigging," and leave the chains and cloth with a steady
progressive motion in front towards the feeding roller e, without the "jigging."
action in passing over the feeding roller e, as in the former modification described
in reference to Figures 1 to 4, for the better feeding on or removal of the
cloth a from the "jigging" chains 6, than by any of the manners heretofore
or at present in use for feeding and removing the cloth on to or from the
chains while "jigging." This improved mode of leading the two side chain
pulleys of the "jigging" or moving frames for the purpose of feeding on
and removing the cloth, is also applicable to the elastic finishing machines
heretofore or at present in use.
:
Figure 12, on Sheet 2, is a side elevation with. one of the main columns

page_text: in front removed, of a horizontal chain "jigging" finishing machine, for
producing the elastic finish to the cloth or woven fabric passed through it;
constructed in accordance with and illustrative of one modification of my
said Invention; and Figures 13 and 14 are respectively an end elevation
and plan of the same machine corresponding to Figure 12, while Figures
15 to 21 are detached detailed views of parts of the same machine shown in
Figures 12 to 14, or modifications of the parts.
:
: .
The essential breaking or "jigging" motion for imparting the elastic
finish to the cloth is given to the two open rigid side frames A, composed of
or having bolted thereto the guide rails B, for the two-side endless "jigging"
chains 6 to pass through the brackets C and D for supporting the studs or
journal bearings of thé chain pulleys 'c and d, which guide, carry, and actuate
the said drawing and tentering chains 6 to which the cloth a is attached, in
the manner herein-before and herein-after to be described.
The improvements of my said Invention which have reference to the
holding clips or pincers attached to the drawing and "tentering" chains;
when such are employed in place of or in conjunction with the "
tenter"
pins, for retaining the selvages of the cloth a while passing through the
machine, two modifications of which are shown in the enlarged detached
views Figures 32 to 38 on Sheet 3. The modification of which shown in
Figures 32. to. 35 consists essentially in giving motion to the free end or
arm A¹ of the moving lever or nipping jaw of the clip or pincers h, i, in
the direct transverse and lateral line of strain upon and through the centre of
the chain 6, in stretching and "jigging" the cloth a by the spiral spring j and
pin or stem working in a recess formed in the lateral arm j¹ of each link
of the chain 6 carrying the fixed and moveable jaws i and h of the clip or
pincers. The spring of each link 6 and clip h, i, presses out the free end h¹
of the bell crank lever or upper movable jaw h, passed over through a slot
in the side of the recesses for the purpose, and also the releasing pins k on
the opposite side of the lever h¹, so as to cause the nipping jaws h to grasp
or hold the selvages of the cloth a, while on the other hand the reverse
action is produced by the outer end of the pink which passes out through
the chain b coming in contact with the laterally projecting reactionary or cam
surface k, formed on or in the guiding groove of the chain rail or guide B
at the proper places required, so as to press in the free end h' of the lever
or upper moving jaw h so as to raise it off the lower jaw i, and so release
the cloth a. The absence of the projecting cam surface ¹ behind the
releasing pin k, allowing the spring j to close the upper jaw hand hold the
cloth with a force equal to the strength of the spring j, multiplied by the ratio

page_text: of the length of the arms h and h of the moving lever h, h¹, that is multiplied
by the long arm h¹. and divided by the short arm h. This form. and arrange-
ment of. clip is, more particularly applicable for use in machines of this
class, as usually heretofore constructed, in which the cloth is taken nearly
straight through the machine without undulating round with the chains. -
Figures: 86. to 38 show another arrangement of this improved clip or nipper
of. a slightly modified form from that shown in Figures 32 to 35, being that
which I prefer to be worked in connection with the improved machine herein
in part so far and to be herein-after more fully, specified under my said
Invention, and.consists in lowering the gripping surfaces of: the upper. and.
under jaws h and i to a line or plane nearly parallel with that of the plane
passing through the axes of the joints of the links of the chain b,.and making
the releasing pin k to work in an angular direction through a recess j¹ in
each link 6 of the chain. In this arrangement a simple blade spring j is
employed (instead of the spiral spring.in the former modification) for pressing
out the lower arm h¹ of the moving clip h so. as to hold the..cloth when the
pink is not pressed out by the cam.surface ¹ in the recess of the chain guide
rail B, shown in transverse section in Figure.39,; and thus in this arrange-
ment the strain upon the chain 6 and its clip h, i, in stretching and "jigging"
the cloth, and the pressure on the back end of the pin k on the cam sur-
face k, are all very nearly in the same plane as that through the axes of the
joints of the links of the chain, which has the effect of making the chains b
and clips h, i, work steadily in all their positions and motions consequent on
jigging" and stretebing the cloth in such machines, particularly of those
constructed in accordance with this my said. Invention.
Referring again to Figures 12 to 21 on Sheet 2, the general construction
of the parts preferred for carrying out these improvements under this Inven-
tion as applied to a horizontal finishing machine.of this class, and the action
or operation of the same, are as follows:-The fabric or cloth to be finished
is fed by the selvages loosely on to or into "tenter" pins or otherwise into
holding clips or nippers h, i, respectively, as desired, attached to the two
endless side chains 6 in the ordinary manner, or when "holding clips" are
used they are by preference made of the improved construction herein-before
described in reference to the full size. views, Figures 36 to 88; and when
these said improved clips are employed the fabric is fed over the front rail.g¹
on to the segmental guides attached to the curved part. B" which pass
round the feeding chain pulleys e, having the cam surfaces at this part
formed on them for pushing in the stem k and raising the upper jaw h of the
clips to allow of the cloth being fed on to the brass face i¹ of the lower jaw i

page_text: of the clip h, i, as the chains pass over the feeding chain pulleys e (Figure 16,
-Sheet 2), Figures 40 and 41 being a transverse section and plan respectively
of a portion of the front part of. the chain and clips, chain pulleys and guide
rails (corresponding to the modifications at Figures 12 and 13, Sheet 2)
showing the cloth so fed on and stretched. The cloth so fed on is carried
horizontally and longitudinally along with the chains first over the feeding
roller or chain pulleys e fast on the shaft revolving in fixed bearings in the
:stationary frame g at the front end of the machine, and then under the guide
roller or chain pulleys e', and up vertically or at right angles to the line of
.motion of the rocking frames A by a considerable length of slack or pendent
part 6º of the chain, tangentially over the first or top pair of chain pulleys c,
carried in the bearing brackets C at the front end of the two rocking side
frames A, and from these along. the two top horizontal chain guide rails B
bolted to the upper rails of: the rocking frame A to the back end of the
machine, where they pass: down round a second pair of chain pulleys d carried
in bearings formed in the bracket D at the upper back end of the rocking
frames A, and are then brought forward to the front end of the machine
through or along a second pair of chain guides B' bolted to the intermediate
rails placed tangentially to the under periphery of the four top chain pulleys c
.and d, where they are passed down round a third pair of chain pulleys c¹ below
the first pair at the front end, and carried back through. a third pair of
chain guide rails B³, and down round a fourth pair of chain pulleys d³ below
¡the second pair d at the back end of the machine, from which they are again
brought forward along the fourth pair of chain guides B³, and down round the
chain pulleys c³, and back along the fifth pair of chain guide rails B', and
down.round the third or last pair of driving chain pulleys & at the back end,
and forward along the last pair of chain guides B' bolted to the lower longi-
tudinal rails of the rocking side frames A, where at the front end the chains b
are taken, by preference, away also. at right angles at 61 (as they were led
on to the first rocking chain pulleys) up from the direction of the line of
motion of the last pair of rocking chain pulleys c', over a guide roller or chain
pulleys c³, and along and up over the front feeding roller or chain pulleys e,
.and, so completing the circuit of the endless chains b.. The cloth, which is
loosely fed on. to the "tenter". or "stenter" pins or clips of the chains b, as
before referred to (at the part where they pass over the feeding pulleys e and
have no rocking motion) is partially stretched by the expanding of the chains,
as they extend back..from the pulleys to the pulleys e', and also as they
extend up from the guide pulleys e' to the first pair of rocking chain pulleys c
of the frame A, and also along the top length of chains 6, which are expanded

page_text: by the top guide rails B, set at an angle for that purpose, to the full width:
necessary for the cloth some distance before reaching the back driving chain,
pulleys d; and for this purpose these rails B may be jointed as indicated;
at Bo, where from this point the cloth is then carried through the machine. in,
this fully stretched manner, until it reaches the point where it is desired to be
withdrawn from the chains, which may in some cases be narrowed a little by.
jointing and angling the guide rails B³, as described in reference to the top:
rails B at B, wlien the cloth is to be removed from any of the "jigging":
parts of the chains after any number of undulations or turns through the
machine to assist its removal without injury, as by preference in this case
at the lower moving rails B³ in front of the back chain, pulleys d, by any of
the usual arrangements of withdrawing and delivery rollers, and then dis->
charged in bundles by the usual folding lever mechanism. But instead of:
withdrawing the cloth a as just described from the lower. "jigging" part:
of the chains. I prefer to withdraw it at the front part, where the chains are:
contracted as they are drawn towards the feeding roller e where the chains:
have no "jigging" motion, by an arrangement of the usual guide and nipping.
or delivery rollers, as indicated at z and 2. The feeding and guiding chain!
pulleyse, e, and e, are shifted and set to the proper width and lateral angle
to suit the particular width of cloth a to be finished, by the two moveable:
frames m shown in detached side elevation in Figure 15, which embrace!
annular grooves on the eyes of these chain pulleyse by the swivel collars n;'
and are screwed towards or apart from each other at the front or back end by:
right and left handed threads formed on. the two screw spindles o and o¹
respectively, working through swivel nuts o³ on the frames 'm; these spindles'o
being furnished with hand wheels at their outer ends for actuating them at:
pleasure. The two main rocking side frames A are caused to oscillate longi-,
tudinally,.either by the arrangement shown detached in Figures 17 and 18,
herein-after to be more particularly described, or by the four arrangements of
transverse horizontal steel bars p near each end of the frame, two above or at
the upper part of the frame A, and two below, shown detached in side and,
end elevation and plan respectively in Figures 19, 20, and 21, on Sheet '2,
one bar of each pair or set being keyed to the upper, and one to the lower
end of the two short shafts or stout spindles q carried vertically over each
other in the centre width of the machine, so as to oscillate in the deep.
bearings formed in the centre of the. upper and lower strong horizontal
cross frames r at each end of the machine, bolted to and supported by the:
four strong columns placed outside the range of the rocking frames A at
each end and side of the machine, all well secured to a strong cast-iron sole

page_text: plates, bolted down to a suitable foundation of masonry or strong floor. The
outer ends or arms of these four cross or transverse frames r, which in this
arrangement of oscillating steel bars may if desired support the whole weight
of the frames A, chains and pulleys carried by them, pass through the two
upper and two lower pairs of longitudinal rails B and B', also B and B³ of the
frames A (to which the chains and guide rails B, B', and B and B are bolted)
between which rails B of the frames A and the cross frames r are pivotted
the vertical cross heads or bow pieces p' made to work by the journal pivots p³,
formed on them into eyes or bearings formed in the large snugs upon the side
frames A or rails B; one bow p¹ for each pair of lateral round arms on each
side of the steel rods p which pass through eyes, bored out in the swivel cross.
heads or bows p¹, of the frames A. These rocking frames A are drawn out
and in upon the parallel steel bars p and retained at pleasure by an arrange-
ment of four or other number of transverse screw spindles t having right
and left-handed screws formed on them, working into the swivelling screw
nuts t, attached to and working in journal bearings in the bracket t
screwed to the side frames A, these spindles t, by preference being actuated
by a transverse spindle u, revolving in fixed bearings for each screw spindle t,
by the spur pinion and wheel v¹ on their respective spindles u and t, near.
the centre of oscillation where there is little motion laterally; the pinion v
being made to shift with the wheel, to compensate for the slight motion.
The longitudinal shafts w connected by the bevel gearing w¹, (or otherwise
when desired, by skew spur wheels, or by worms and worm wheels) may be
made to actuate the transverse shafts u when these are employed by hand
wheels and manual power, or when desired by the bevel gearing w³ and
motive power shaft w³, so as to screw in or out the frames A and chains 6 and
chain pulleys to suit any desired width of cloth to be finished. In some
cases the weight of the frames A, chains and pulleys c and 'd, may be
supported and steadied in their rocking action by the four small antifriction
rollers revolving on bearing journals or studs fixed in foot brackets' projecting
down from. the lowest rails of the frames A, and having their peripheries
either rolling on flat plates for the purpose supported on the foundation or
upon the small carriages a¹ which are free to move laterally on the rail plates
so that the carriages have no motion longitudinally, which is the direction
of motion of the frames A. Instead of the weight of the frames A being
carried by the radiating bars p and their centre spindles q in the cross frame r,
as described in relation to Figures 19, 20, and 21, I prefer to make these
frames A so as to vibrate from the same axes r, by the arrangenient shown
in Figures 12, 13, and 14, and in the detached side elevation and plan

page_text: respectively in Figures 17 and 18, (on Sheet 2) by the single: strong right
and left threaded screw spindle t, made so as to revolve in the two.arms. of
the bow or saddle bracket, q", fast on the top of each axis q, the four
screws at each side working through the screw. nuts t¹ swivelling in each
side frame A, the two upper and two lower radiating screw. spindles t¹¹ are
worked by the two longitudinal shafts u³, one to each pair, of screws, by the
small skew bowl spur wheels " near the centre of. oscillation where there is.
little motion. These two stationary longitudinal shafts are each actuated by:
preference at each end of the two transverse shafts. u through the: bevil
wheels u, u, at their inner end, and the: transverse shafts u are worked by:
bevil wheels w at their outer ends by the two longitudinal shafts w ranged
on the outside of the frame A, these being actuated in turn .simultaneously,
by the bevil wheels w³ and vertical shaft w², which derives its motion from
the first vertical motion shaft 1 of the machine by the angled shafty through.
the bevil wheel X¹ and the loose revolving and reversing and actuating
coupling y¹, so as to turn all the screws simultaneously at pleasure in either
direction, and screw the frames and chains A and 6 to suit the proper width:
of cloth to be finished. The frames A so arranged to swivel and be contracted
or widened equally from the longitudinal centre line through the vertical axes q
of the transverse rocking steel arms p, or the oscillating screws p", whichever
arrangement is employed, are caused to work or. oscillate to and fro in the pivot
bearings q formed in the centre of the transverse cast-iron. frames 1, by the
reciprocatory action of the duplex jointed: connecting rod K and disc L, or
crank mechanical motion at one side of the machine by preference only, but
when desired it may by a duplicate arrangement of the gearing be driven on
both sides of the machine. One end of the connecting rod K is coupled to
the extreme, end or. arm of the. lower rocking. shaft F, which gives the
regular progressive motion to the chains 6, by the spur and chain: wheels
E, E, and d, and the other end. of the connecting rod is coupled to the
crank pin K of the crank disc L fast on. the top of the short vertical
shaft L working in footstep and journal. bearings in. the strong pedestal
frame M bolted to the foundation plates, the vertical shaft L'.being actuated
from the first motion vertical shaft. 1 of the machine, by the horizontal angled
shaft N by a pair of bevel wheels at. O. and. P gearing therewith, the
respective shafts L' and 1, so as to give. the necessary breaking or "jigging"
action to the frames, A and their attachments. The first moving vertical shaft 1
of the machine is preferred to be worked. by, the horizontal shaft. 2 and bevél
wheels and coupling arrangement 3, so as to start or stop the machine at
pleasure, and which shaft 2 is preferred to be driven direct as the crank.shaft

page_text: of a small portable engine provided for the purpose, supported on the sole'
plates of the finishing machine, but it may also be driven by gearing or a
belt and pulley arrangement from any adjacent prime moving shaft when
preferred. The actuating crank pin K' for giving the reciprocatory motion
to the lower shaft F¹ and frames A, is made capable of adjustment to various
lengths of "throw," and the speed also in some cases may be regulated when
désired by varying the size of the actuating wheels at O and P, so as thus
to produce any desired vélocity and length of the reciprocatory breaking
action to suit the particular cloth under treatment; which mechanical motion
for giving the vibratory action is a mere modification of the mode heretofore
in use for giving the breaking motion to the herein-before named long single-
looped chain finishing machines of this class. The said vibratory action of
the chains alternately angles the weft threads of the two selvages to each
side of the right angled line across the warp, which "breaks" or "softens
both the weft and warp, and imparts the well-known elastic finish thereto
while stretched, without straining it, as it is being regularly dried and drawn
in a continuous length, "chain," or web at a uniform rate through the
machine, and entered or fed on to the breaking chains and removed therefrom
by the use of the curved or right angular diverging parts of the chains from
the breaking chain wheels, so as to remove the "jigging" action from a
portion of the chains and cloth being fed on and removed at these parts.
The drying of the fabric is effected as it is passed in this improved undulating
or looped manner through the machine by any of the usual arrangements of
steam heating pipes or by the horizontal steam chests R placed below
each tier of cloth, by preference having their upper surface corrugated so as
to increase the radiating surface and assist the ingress of the air to be heated
along the lower parts of the corrugations, and they may be made into widths
or pieces, as shown at R, Figure 10, with the spaces R¹ between them
for the admission of air, whilst that portion of the moist current of air which
does not escape up through or from above the cloth a is allowed to
escape at the edges, and when these double corrugated steam chests R with
the divisions R¹ up the centre and sides are employed, or when the heating of
the air and drying is effected in the usual manner by tiers of open ranges
or frames of steam pipes Q, I in some cases prefer to have division plates or
boards placed above the cloth to carry off the moist air from the top surface
of the lower tiers of cloth at the edges and prevent it from rising to the upper
tiers of heating pipes and cloth, and I prefer to use superheated steam in
these vessels R or sets of pipes Q supplied to them from an ordinary steam
boiler by a pipe passing through a flue or furnace for the purpose of super

page_text: heating the steam led into one or more longitudinal main steam pipes S, from
which all the vessels or ranges of pipes placed below the different tiers of
cloth a are supplied by the small branch pipe T by preference each fitted with
cocks to regulate the supply of steam. The drying steam chests or pipes are
supported between the tiers of running and vibrating, cloth a nearly close up
to their under surface through the open recesses A³, A³, and others in the
frames A for the purpose either by longitudinal rails or light frames supported
from and between the fixed cross frames r supported by the four main
columns r¹ at each end of the machine; or by light rails bolted to the
columns or to other light columns of their own ranged along each side
clear of the rocking frames A. The regular progressive motion is given
to the two endless chains 6 by a modification of the mechanism heretofore
in use for the like purpose of driving such chains while "breaking" and
"jigging" adapted to this new arrangement and construction of mechanism,
and it consists in driving the two pairs of chain pulleys d and carried
on their inner end of the short shafts of the pair of spur wheels E
and E¹ revolving in bearings formed in the projecting brackets D, D³,
at the back of the rocking frame A so as to draw the chains 6 towards the
upper side of their chain pulleys d, d³, by the two horizontal transverse shafts
F and F¹, one to each pair of chain pulleys d and d³, having curved bowl or
barreled pinions E³ on each end gearing into the corresponding large spur
wheels E and E¹ made fast to the spindle of each chain wheel d, d. These
shafts F and F revolve in bearings formed in the two arms of the bow or
saddle brackets G and G₁ respectively, and oscillate in the same horizontal
plane with the axis of the chain pulleys d and d³, steadied at their ends by
working through the swivel bearing blocks D³ pivotted in the ends of the
brackets D, D³, and when desired these actuating shafts F and F¹ may be
still further supported and guided by bearing bushes working in segmental
fixed guides at their outer ends as they oscillate on the vertical axes of the
short shaft Hand H for giving them motion, while the shaft H is carried
and revolves in a deep bearing formed in the transverse stay I, supported from
the sole plates by the two columns I, and the other H¹ is supported and
revolves in a footstep and journal bearing in the saddle bracket J', both.
secured to the sole plate s. These short vertical shafts H and H' actuate
the horizontal rocking shafts F and F1 by the pairs of bevel wheels H*
working within the bow of the brackets G and G¹ so as to give motion to the
bowl pinions E by the keys or feathers in them sliding in slotted grooves in 'the
arms of the shafts F, F, while the short vertical shafts H and H' are driven
by the spur wheels J gearing into the pinions J¹ fast on the long vertical first

page_text: motion shaft I of the machine, driven by the fast and loose. bevil wheels and
coupling box 3, engaged or disengaged at pleasure on the inner end of the
prime moving horizontal crank shaft 2 of a small steam engine or..other
motive power:shaft for the purpose as before. described. The vertical axes of
the vertical shafts Hand H. being in the same longitudinal plane. as the
axes q on which the whole longitudinal frames A oscillate, and all: the axes
of the swivel bearings .p and swivel screw nuts t¹ being in the nearly. true
centre line of the frames A, parallel to the centre .line.of the machine, causes
the whole to be balanced, and the transverse bars p and screws t.or.t!! and
actuating shafts. F and F², all to oscillate parallel to each other in a perfectly
smooth-and steady manner. In some cases I prefer to actuate or draw the
chains 6 towards the front. of the machine by driving the shafts fand-ft of
the feeding and guide chain. wheels e and e; and when this is found advisable,
as in the larger class of such finishing machines,. I. prefer to do so by the
arrangement of shafts and wheels, indicated in red lines in Figures 12. and 1:3,
the motion being taken from the lowest spur wheel J (which drives: the
shaft F for actuating the lowest driving chain wheels d' at the back) by the
pinion 4, and bevil, wheels 5, and longitudinal. shaft 6, on short bearing
standards near the floor about the centre of the machine, giving motion to
the two short transverse shafts 7 and short longitudinal shaft 8 on. each side
of the machine by their respectivė pairs of bevil wheels 61, 71, the shafts 8
giving motion to the four vertical shafts 9. by their respective pairs of .bevil
wheels 91, the shafts 9 actuating the spindles f and f' of the feeding and
guiding rollers e and by the bevil wheels 10 on their upper and outer ends
as already stated.. The two endless chains 6 are tightened up or slackened at
pleasure by the two chain pulleys d', round which the centre loops at the
back end of the machine pass, supported in strong brackets D¹ bolted to and
projecting back from the rear end of the frames A furnished with long slides,
into which the strong butt end of the studs carrying the pulleys & slide to and
fro, actuated by screws passing through them so as to screw the studs carrying
the pulleys & from or towards the frame, which tightens or slackens respec-
tively the loops of the chain passing over them.. In some cases I prefer to
use rollers for reversing the long loops of chain and cloth over at the ends of
the machine, in place of pairs of chain, pulleys c. and d, as herein described,
in. which case the shafts of the rollers. would require to work and. slide in
bearing blocks made to swivel in the side frames A.
Although the improvements under this my Invention have been described
as applied to a horizontal traversing and oscillating machine. they are equally
applicable or adaptable, with slight modifications (which would at once occur

page_text: to the practical engineer and to the makers of such machines), to traverse and
vibrate the fabric in either vertical or angular planes, as indicated in the
diagram elevations (Figures 6 and 7 respectively), showing the general
arrangement of chain pulleys c and d and chains 6 of vertical and angular
machines, being modifications of this my Invention, which might also be put
in practice; in which cases the fixed framing or columns + supporting the
oscillating frames would require to be much higher and stronger and stiffened
by diagonal stays, and in some cases made to carry narrow horizontal or
angular division plates or boards between the long undulated lengths or loops
of cloth to regulate the heat and currents of air acting thereon at the different
heights to prevent the hot currents from ascending too quickly to the top of
the machine before acting on the fabric under treatment. Conduits or pipes
may be employed to conduct the dry fresh air to the surfaces of the steam-
heating vessels or pipes at the proper heights, either from the surrounding air
of the finishing room or from an enclosed fan blast, in which case the air may
be heated by passing through ranges of heating pipes in a steam vessel or
flue, furnace, or oven. In these improved arrangements of finishing machines
I prefer to enclose them all round by boarding them within a close chamber
as small as convenient, as shown at U, U, all except the front part of the
stationary frame g and steady working part 61 of the chains b, where the
cloth or fabric is to be fed on to or removed from the "stenter" pins ¹¹ or
clips of the chains b, into which chamber U I prefer to admit the fresh dry
air by conduits at the lower part conveniently below the heating steam pipes Q
controlled by valves for regulating the quantity of air admitted. The egress
of the bamid air is by preference led off by the conduits U¹, the area or
opening of which may also when desired be regulated by an outlet valve or
vane at the upper longitudinal side of the enclosed chamber U opposite to the
open fans V on light longitudinal shafts V, which I prefer to be ranged along
the one side of the machine, one, two, or other number, as desired, between
or opposite the spaces A', A', of the frames A or tiers of cloth, and driven by
the bevil wheel V2 at the ends of the shafts V¹ geared into corresponding
wheels V on the vertical shaft W, which is driven through the bevil
wheels W¹ and angled shaft X, actuated from the first motion shaft 1 of the
machine by the bevil wheels X¹ so as to cause constant circulation or gentle
currents of the external air (admitted as before stated) to impinge on the
heating surfaces of the heating pipe or vessels, and be conducted to the cloth
to be dried, and to pass. out at the escape duct U¹ of the enclosed
chamber U.
4.
Figures 8 and 9 on. Sheet 1 are a side elevation and partial transverse

page_text: elevation respectively of the general construction of a "jigging" and elastic
finishing machine of the ordinary long form heretofore in use with the two
chains 6 passing over one pair of chain pulleys a in front, and one pair d at
the rear of the machine, each chain forming one endless loop at each side
of the machine, the whole of which is kept "jigging" and turning at the
same time by the revolving and reciprocatory action of the shaft F carrying
the two pinions E* driving the spur wheels E of the chain pulley d (which
mechanical arrangements for giving the "jigging" and forward motions
to the chains, and the mode of actuating the same, are of nearly the usual.
construction, and somewhat analogous to that adapted for producing the same
well known motions in my improved arrangement of finishing machine shown
and described in reference to Figures 12, 13, and 14 on Sheet 2, and which
so far is not new), showing sufficient of the present construction of finishing
machines to illustrate the application or adaptations of the improved loose
parts of the chains 6" converging to or diverging from the "jigging" chain
pulleys in a curvilinear or tangential manner approximating less or more
towards a right angle to the line of motion, or receding from the straight line
of "jigging" motion.
One mode of applying this improved steady progressive motion to parts of the
chain for the feeding on and removal of the fabric to such a machine as shown
by sharp red lines in Figures 8 and 9, consists in adding a new feed roller or
shaft with the two chain feeding pulleys e, and carrying the chains round them
in the loose curved form shown at 6", instead of round their front "jigging"
chain pulleys c arranged with the two tightening weighted rollers or pulleys e¹
and, for each chain furnished with the duplex weighted lever and transverse
short spindle or axle, one at each side of the machine which depresses the roller
or pulley e on the upper slack curve or loop of each chain b, and raises the
roller or pulley on the under side of the loose part of the chain, both
between the chain pulleys c and feeding pulleys e, which compensates for the
slacking of the chains on the alternate sides of the machine as the frames A
are oscillated to and fro, so as to leave the chains to pass in a steady progressive
manner in front of the compensating rollers or pulleys e, e, for the feeding
on and removal of the fabric from the chains, in a better and easier manner
than heretofore. This arrangement of compensating weighted rollers or
pulleys and levers is also most applicable for converting such long finishing
machines into compound "jigging" and stationary finishing machines in
which the cloth is required to be fed on to a steady stretching or "tentering "
and drying frame before being "jigged" and softened by the elastic finishing
frames or machines, and afterwards finished by passing through the steady

page_text: progressive "tentering," drying and finishing machines, which is best done at
one operation. For this purpose the long "jigging" frames A are cut, and
a part 6 taking away, leaving the fore part of the machine as a steady
"tentering" and finishing frame, and the back part as an elastic finishing
machine, by introducing the arrangement of weighted rollers or pulleys and
levers at the loose parts of the chains between the stationary and moving
parts of the frame in the centre, dotted in red lines in Figure 8, similar in
construction and action to that described as applied in front for feeding on
and removing the fabric, and which in this case leads on the cloth and
delivers it smoothly and steadily, without injury to the chains or cloth
between the stationary and moving part of the compound machine, when so
arranged, four small chain pulleys es being placed at the ends of the guide
rails B for the better guiding of the chains into the slots or grooves of the rails.
In Figure 9 is shown a simple application of the right and left threaded*
oscillating screw spindles t", swivelling saddle brackets q", and long central
longitudinal shaft u¹ for actuating all the screw spindles by the skew bowl
wheels v and bevil wheels u¹¹, and transverse stationary shafts u, so as to
screw out or in simultaneously, both the moveable and stationary parts of the
frame A to suit the particular width of cloth to be finished.
Figures 10 and 11 on Sheet 1 show a side and end elevation respectively
of another arrangement or modification of converting the present long elastic
finishing machine into, or of constructing a new machine for the purpose of
compound, steady, progressive, tentering, and drying "jigging" elastic finishing
machines somewhat different from that shown in Figures 8 and 9, and consists
in the introduction of the two shafts f and f¹, each carrying the pair of
guide chain pulleys e and e', sliding laterally on the shafts, ranged and
carried in journal bearings in the centre, some distance above and below the
straight line of motion of the chains 6 and their guide rails B, between the
stationary and "jigging" parts of the frames A and A', all respectively seen
in Figure 10, over and under which chain pulleys the two chains 6 are
passed from the four guide rollers or pulleys at the end of the guide rails,
so as to form the two loose loops 6 on each side, diverging up and down
respectively at right angles to the line of motion of the frame A¹ and the
chains 6, and allow the loose parts 6" to vibrate with and compensate for
the motion of the "jigging" action of the chains without lengthening or
shortening them, and so allow the chains and cloth to move steadily from the
chain pulleys e, where the cloth is in this case fed on down below and round.
the top front guide roller of the "jigging" frame A', and along the top
rails B round the back driving chain pulleys d, and back along a pair of

page_text: "
under rails, and down over the lower front guide roller under and round
the chain guide pulleys ³, and up and along the lower guide rail of the
stationary frame A, and finally up round the front chain pulleys c in front of
and along the top chain guide rails, and under and up from the last guide
roller e³, where the fabric is removed from the chains by the withdrawing
roller, all fed in and carried through this compound finishing machine with
the chains, either by the "stenter pins or clips in the usual manner,, or
particularly as described in relation to Figures 12, 18, and 14, on Sheet 2.
In this case I take advantage of the full double length of the elastic finishing
part of the frame upon the fabric before it reaches the stretching and drying
and stiff finishing part of the machine, the double length and action of which
is also taken advantage of for stretching, drying, and finishing the fabric
just before leaving the machine. The arrangements of screw spindles t
gearing and mechanism for widening and contracting frames A, A¹, and
the action thereof in this compound machine correspond with and is effected
simultaneously, substantially as described in reference to the last modification
(Figures 8 and 9), and that of Figures 12, 13, and 14 on Sheet 2; the
shafts fand f¹ in this arrangement either being driven by gearing as described
in relation to the shafts for the feeding and guiding chain pulleys e and e³ in
front, as shown and described in relation to Figures 12 and 13 or not, as
desired. The chain pulleys e and e¹ as shown are drawn in and out along
with the frames A by the long brackets f³; when so driven they are fitted
with keys sliding in long slots formed in the shafts fand ƒ'.
Figures 22 to 29 on Sheet 3 are views of various arrangements of
mechanism for supporting the two side frames A and A¹ of horizontal elastic
finishing machines while being "jigged" or oscillated, in the manner and by
the means described in reference to Figures 12, 13, and 14. Figure 22 is a
side elevation of the front part of two side frames A and A³, shown as
suspended by a set of four vibrating transverse open rectangular frames, two
near each end of the frames A, A¹, each formed of two transverse spindles,
one passing over and one under the frames A and A¹, connected by long
pendent links Y and Y¹ outside, so as to encompass the frames A and A¹,
which they suspend and vibrate with in reverse directions, one to each frame
at each end, oscillating by their upper bars P and P¹ as an axle in bearing
brackets on the top of the columus r¹ or other fixed framing for the purpose
respectively, carrying the frames A and A' by the lower bars q and q', which
pass respectively through an eye formed on the lower rail of the frames
A and A¹. The length of the suspending links Y and Y' allows the frames to
vibrate to and fro with but a very slight radial rise or fall out of the horizontal

page_text: plane in their "jigging" action, while the screw spindles t, worked as
described in relation to Figures 12, 18, and 14, working in the swivel nuts t¹,
screw the frames out or in to any desired width along the bars q and q¹ on
which they slide, to suit the width of the fabric to be finished, and also to
expand and contract from the swivelling action of the frames in reverse
directions, simultaneously with their oscillatory action on the pendant links
and frames p, Y,'q, and p¹, Y, q¹. Figures 23 and 24 are a side and end view
respectively of the back part of a "jigging" frame A, A', with the screw
spindles t shown in position in their screw nuts t, retaining the two sides A
and A' of the frame at their proper regulated distance apart of another
modification of the oscillating, transverse, vertically rocking frames p, q, Y,
in which there are two lower bars 9, 9, and q, q', to each frame below
carrying the side "jigging ;" frames A and A' respectively within the open
frame by the antifriction pulleys 93, revolving in brackets projecting down
from the lower rail of the frames A and A', which in this case rolls on the
supporting bars 9, 9', while being shifted to any width (by the four screw
spindles t, two at each end of the frames A, A', which work also in this case as
described in reference to Figures 12, 18, and 14), and also while contracting
and widening by the horizontal radiating action of the parallel swivelling. screw
spindle t. Figures 25, 26, and 27, are respectively a side and end view and
plan of the back end of one side A of a "jigging" frame (corresponding in all
respects to that shown in Figures 12, 13, and 14, except that instead of being
supported on travelling carriages and rollers upon the sole plate of the
machine); each side frame A in this modification is suspended by a bracket
at each end, bolted to the top-rail carrying the two end friction rollers or
wheels, free to move longitudinally in grooves in the small four-wheeled
carriages a³, as the frames are swung to and fro by the " "jigging" action,
while the small carriages are free to move transversely on the double
transverse rails ³, stretched and supported over each end of the frames A by
fixed columns, as r³, (Figure 14, Sheet 2,) or other stationary framing, so as
to compensate for the lateral motion of the frames A, as they approach to or
recede from each other by the radiating action of the parallel screw spindles t
and their swivel nuts t, fitted and worked essentially as described in relation
to Figures 12, 13, and 14; and also to allow of the frames being set at any
width apart to suit the particular fabric to be finished.
In all these modifications herein-before described of "jigging "frames for
the purposes of stretching, drying, and finishing woven fabrics, they are all
swivelled by means of radial and parallel acting connecting bars or screw-rods
so as to maintain the cloth at the same parallel width and stretching strain in

page_text: the direction of its weft, throughout the greater part of the machine at every
point or part of its radial "jigging" action so as to maintain a nearly uniform
stretching action and finish to the cloth while passing through the machine.
Figures 28 and 29 are a side and end view respectively of the back part of
the two side frames A and A¹ of a modification of elastic finishing machine
in which its two side frames simply traverse to and fro in a straight line
longitudinally in reverse directions to each other (in contradistinction to the
radial action of all the former modifications berein described) which has the
effect of putting an extra tensional strain upon the cloth, and releasing it
transversely in the direction of the length of the weft or width of the fabric,
at the extreme ends of each stroke or vibrating action of the frames, and
releasing it again gradually towards the central position of the same, which is
a desideratum in the treatment and finishing of some kinds of cloth or woven
fabric. This straight reciprocatory action is effected by traversing the frames
longitudinally at the top and bottom thereof by an arrangement of antifriction
wheels & rolling in grooves in the four wheeled carriages ¹ fitted and erected
over and under the upper and lower ends of each frame A, A¹, so as to guide
the frames in a true longitudinal vertical plane during the short reciprocatory
motion, while the carriages a³, with the grooves in them for the wheels & rolling
in, are retained in the true vertical position over each other and set to suit the
particular width of cloth required to be finished by the four right and left
threaded screw spindles a working in screw nuts or snugs on the under side
of the carriages and revolving in collar bearings in the transverse rails 2³
on which the carriages x¹ are traversed and set by the screws t. The
transverse rails x³ are secured and supported on columns 7¹ or other fixed
framing outside the traversing frame A, A¹, and the lower ones are bolted to
the sole plate of the machine.
Figures 30 and 31 are respectively a side and end view of an arrangement
and construction of elastic finishing machine suitable for carrying out most
of the essential features of my said Invention, shown as applied to a sta-
tionary (instead of a jigging) frame composed of two open rectangular side
standards or frames A shown as placed or secured down to a suitable sole
plate so as to slide transversely towards each other on the scle plate, but
stationary in all other respects in a longitudinal and horizontal position,
arranged to receive, carry, and work an endless chain 6 with clips or "stenter"
pins attached over and through guide pulleys and rails in an undulated or
looped manner on each side of the machine close up to the inside of the two
frames A³ in a very much similar manner to that described in reference to
Figures 12, 13, and 14. In this arrangement it is the two chains 6 which

page_text: receive the breaking motion direct (equivalent to the reciprocatory motion
given to the "jigging" frames carrying the chains and chain pulleys) as well
as the constant progressive motion given to them through the four pairs of
eccentric wheels Z, Z, two pairs for driving each chain. The two eccentric
wheels Z on the shaft F gear into and actuate those on the short shafts
of the two chain pulleys d, and the two wheels Z on the shaft F actuate the
two on the spindle of the lower actuating chain pulleys d³, so that the
simultaneous driving of the shafts F and F, which pass right across the
machine by the first motion shaft thereof in a constant and regular manner
by ordinary bevil gearing, would through the action of the eccentric wheels
alone give the differential breaking motion to the chains 6 on the opposite
sides of the machine at opposite times by the eccentric wheels I and I¹ being
set or keyed on the shaft in exactly opposite directions, as indicated by the
red and dotted circles in Figure 30. The four right and left handed screw
spindles t in this case simply work in screw nuts in the side frames A³, the two
upper and two lower being actuated simultaneously by the two longitudinal
shafts w, w, on each side of the machine through the screw spur pinions w³,
so as to screw out or in the frames to any required width of cloth to be
finished, the two longitudinal shafts won each side of the machine being
actuated by the vertical shaft w³ and bevil wheels w³, and the shaft w³ may
be driven at a uniform rate as described in relation to Figures 12, 18, and
14 from the first motion shaft to allow of altering the width of the frames
when desired. In this simple form the machine would finish cloth in the
same manner as described in reference to the last modification shown at
Figures 28 and 29, in which a differential strain is put upon the cloth by
drawing the same at different rates at the selvages by the chains in straight
longitudinal parallel lines; but when it is desired to compensate for this
lengthening of the points of attachment of the cloth at the selvages to the
chains the vibrating cranks 11, are keyed on each end of the screw spindles t
connected by the long connecting rods 12, and these in turn are connected by
the short rods 13 to the crank pin 14 in the discs 15 on the end of the shafts
of the eccentric wheels and chain pulleys Z', d, and Z, d³, respectively, the
crank pins 14 being so set in the discs 15 in a relative position to the
eccentric centre of "throw" of the eccentric wheels Z' as to screw the
frames A³ close together, while or as the chains 6 on the opposite sides of the
machine approach their extreme differential action in reverse directions, and
screw them apart again while they approach the mean position of their throw,
at which time and position the weft line of the cloth would be at its longest
and at right angles across the machine, which mechanical compensation

page_text: 66
mechanism when so worked or applied would make this modification or
adaptation of my said Invention 'work in an equivalent manner to that of the
jigging" frame machines so as to maintain the strain or tension upon the
cloth at a nearly uniform rate while passing through the machine. Although
in this modification the frame A' has been described as placed horizontally it
is also particularly adapted for working as an angular or vertical machine
when so placed to suit the arrangements indicated in the elevational diagrams,
Figures 6 and 7 on Sheet 1.
In some cases I prefer to use rollers for reversing the long loops, chain,
and cloth over at the ends and other parts of the machines in place of pairs
of chain pulleys c, d, and e, as herein described, in which case the rollers
would require to expand and contract, and the shafts when required to jig
would require to work and slide in bearing block made to swivel in the said
frames A.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe
and delineate, as many variations may be made therefrom without departing
from the main or essential features thereof; neither, on the other hand, do I
claim the having invented many of the details of mechanical constructions
and motions which I have had occasion to describe, for the purpose of making
my Invention properly understood by themselves, as many of these have
heretofore been used in various forms in cloth finishing and other machines,
nor do I claim the principle of or the carrying or conducting the cloth through
shortened "jigging" machines, with belts and bands with tenter pins in an
undulating or zig-zag manner from end to end of such machines for the
purpose of giving the elastic finish to such cloths, as I am aware that such has
been tried at various times with imperfect or only very partial success, excepting
in so far as any of these have been combined with or form part of the several
improvements or features of and for the purposes of my said Invention; but
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the general construction and use of machines for the purposes of
finishing woven fabrics, substantially in the improved manner herein described
and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification
thereof.
.
Second, the shortening of the whole frame or machine, and yet increasing
the length of the two metallic chains, and causing them to wind or undulate

page_text: for as long a distance and time as has heretofore been accomplished in such
cloth finishing machines with the fabric carried on them by their tenter pins
or clips through the machine before removal with the loose parts of the
chains for the feeding on and removal of the fabric to and from the chains,
of such elastic or constantly progressing and reciprocating chain finishing
machines or modifications of them, substantially in the improved manner and
for the purposes herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawing or
any mere modification thereof.
Third, the general construction and use of clips or holders attached to the
metallic chains of cloth finishing machines used for the purpose of holding
and stretching the woven fabrics by their selvages between two such chains
while being heated and finished in passing through such machines, and in the
mode of actuating the clips for holding and releasing the fabric by springs and
cam surfaces in the lateral centre line of tensional strain upon their chains
through their joints, for the purpose of preventing all lateral vibration of
the clips and chains, substantially in the improved manner herein described
and shown in the accompanying Drawing or any mere modification thereof.
Fourth, the general construction and use of steam heating vessels with
corrugated surfaces for the heating of air and drying of woven fabrics in
stretching or other cloth finishing machines, substantially in the improved
manner herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawing, or any
mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Erskine Brown, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
JOHN ERSKINE BROWN. (L.S.)
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,.
20, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.