IMPROVEMENTS IN NIPPERS FOR CUTTING WIRE AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1884

page_text: I SEYMOUR LEE of Odiham in the County of Hants, Com³ Traveller, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NIPPERS FOR
CUTTING WIRE AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES." (A communication to me from
abroad by George W. Hubbard of Windsor in the County of Windsor and State
of Vermont, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to nippers for cutting off wire, rivets and for similar
purposes.
This Invention consists in constructing one lever of the nipper of a pair of
counterpart longitudinal sections or halves of such shape as to admit of the other
lever working between them and having a cylindrical boss on the inner face of
each section or half, the said bosses entering a hole in the other lever at opposite
sides and forming the pivot or fulcrum upon which the levers work. When the
parts are thus put together they are firmly united by rivets, of which one passes
through a central hole drilled through the said bosses. The one lever being thus
made in two separate parts may be readily finished about the fulcrum or pivot
before the putting together of the parts. The pivot being forged solid with the
parts of the lever, ensures additional strength and durability of the joint.
The Invention also consists in the position and shape of the grooves in the
lever jaws for the reception of the removable and reversible cutters; also in the
peculiar transverse sectional shape of said cutters by which two cutting edges
are formed on each cutter; also in the longitudinal shape of said cutters which
in connection with the grooves in the lever jaws, ensures the cutters being securely
held in their proper places whilst permitting of their easy insertion and removal.
The grooves in the lever jaws are slightly wider than the thickness of the cutters
and are at such an inclination that the inner faces of the cutters will be at the
proper angle. The two long edges of each cutter are similarly bevelled on the

page_text: outer face to form cutting edges. Before hardening and tempering the cutters
they are slightly bent or bowed longitudinally so that when driven endwise into
their places they will become nearly straightened and will by their constant
tendency to resume their bowed shape be sufficiently bound to prevent their
becoming loose or w working out of place.
In case of a cutting edge becoming damaged or dulled, the cutter can be readily
taken out and reversed in its position, bringing its opposite and similar edge into
use. In the same manner new cutters may be put in place of old, a sufficient fit
for their security being ensured by the bowed shape given to the cutters.

page_text: "
I SEYMOUR LEE of Odiham in the County of Hants, Commercial Traveller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NIPPERS
FOR CUTTING WIRE AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES (a communication to me
from abroad by George W. Hubbard of Windsor in the County of Windsor and
State of Vermont, United States of America,) and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in nippers for cutting wire, rivets, and
other kindred uses. Heretofore such nippers have generally consisted of two
wrought iron levers fulcrumed upon a rivet extending through and uniting them.
Nippers so constructed are, however, objectionable on account of the expense and.
difficulty attending their manufacture, the forging of their joint or fulcrum portions
being especially difficult. The steel cutters of the nippers have been attached to
the levers in several different ways, all of which involve objections. Most com-
monly they have been secured in place by welding; but this method is objectionable
not only on account of the danger it involves of overheating and burning them,
but also on account of the difficulty of removing and replacing them when worn
out. The cutters have also been attached to the levers by screws, this mode being
objectionable on account of the liability of the screws to break and wear loose, and
on account of the expense involved in manufacturing the cutters, with sufficient
exactness to be interchangeable. Another method of securing the cutters in place
consists in inserting them in dovetail grooves formed in the levers of the nippers,
tbis method being objectionable on account of the expense involved in adapting the
levers to receive the cutters, on account of the expense of manufacturing the
cutters so that they can be duplicated when worn out, and on account of their
liability to work loose. This invention has for its object to obviate the objections
above recited and produce an article combining simplicity and cheapness of con-
struction with durability and efficiency in use. This invention consists in cutting-
nippers, one lever of which is composed of two longitudinal sections secured
together, and each provided with a boss adapted to fit in the opposite ends of a
hole in the other lever and form the fulcrum of the nippers.
The invention further consists in the combination, with the lever jaws provided
with recesses, of removable bowed cutters slightly narrower than the width of the
said recesses, and held in place therein by the effort which they exert to resume
their bowed shape.
The invention further consists in certain details of construction and combinations
of parts as will be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
specification wherein Figure 1 is a side view of a nipper embodying the invention.
Figure 2 is an edge view thereof. Figure 3 is a section through the line 1-1 of
Figure 1. Figures 4 and 5 are respectively longitudinal and end views of one of
the cutters, and Figure 6 is a transverse section of the handles through the
line 2-2 of Figure 1.
ab are the two levers, the former being composed of two counter-part longitu-
dinal sections of such shape as to admit of the other lever b working between them
as shown and having each a cylindrical boss c formed on the inner face, the said
bosses entering the opposite ends of a hole d made in the other lever b and thus
constituting the pivot or fulcrum upon which the levers work, When the parts

page_text: are thus put together, they are firmly united by rivets e of which one passes
through a central hole drilled through the said bosses. The lever a being thus
made in two separate parts may easily be finished about the fulcrum before putting
together the parts, while by forming the fulcrum solid with the lever, additional
strength and durability are ensured. The recesses f, for the reception of the
removable cutters g are slightly wider than the same, and have appropriate relative
inclination to form the desired angle between the cutting edges, and of these it is
to be said that both longitudinal edges of the cutters are beveled, to form cutting
edges, whereby they are rendered reversible, edge for edge.
Previous to the operation of hardening and tempering the cutters, they are
bowed longitudinally, as shown in Figure 4 of the drawings. When, however,
they are inserted in the recesses aforesaid, they are very nearly straightened, the
constant effort exerted by them to resume their bowed shape effectually operating
to retain them in place. In virtue of this construction the cutters may be readily
reversed, edge for edge, and replaced. When employed in cutting an object, the
pressure thrown upon the cutters will tend to force them more firmly and exactly
into the recesses.
I would have it understood that I do not limit myself to the exact construction
shown and described, but hold myself at liberty to make such slight changes, and
alterations as fairly fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. Cutting-nippers having one lever composed of two longitudinal sections
secured together, each section being provided with a boss fitting in the opposite
ends of a hole in the other lever and forming the fulcrum of the nippers, substan-
tially as set forth.
2. Cutting-nippers having one lever composed of two longitudinal counterpart
sections secured together, each section being provided with a perforated boss fitting
in the opposite ends of a hole in the other lever and forming the fulcrum of the
nippers, and a rivet passed through the perforation of both bosses, substantially as
set forth.
3. In cutting-nippers, the combination, with the levers thereof, provided with
the described recesses, of removable bowed cutters slightly narrower than the
width of the said recesses, and held in place therein by the effort which they exert
to resume their bowed shape, substantially as set forth.
4. In cutting-nippers, the combination, with the levers thereof, provided with
the described recesses, of reversible cutters bowed longitudinally and slightly
narrower than the said recesses, and held in place therein by the effort which they
exert to resume their bowed shape, substantially as set forth.
Dated thin 5th Tanum 1005