IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCREWING BOLTS AND NUTS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Harvey and Alexander Harvey, junior, of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCREWING BOLTS AND NUTS."
Sealed the 6th February 1866, and dated the 9th August 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Harvey and
Alexander Harvey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th August 1865.
We, GEORGE HARVEY and ALEXANDER HARVEY, junior, of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCREWING
BOLTS AND NUTS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the constructing of machinery for screwing
bolts and nuts in a simplified and efficient manner. In machinery embodying
the improvements there is a single tubular shaft or main spindle into which
the bolt enters when being screwed, and this tubular shaft has fast on its
outer end a spur wheel in gear with a pinion on the first-motion or pulley
shaft. On the inner end of the tubular shaft there is fixed or formed a
circular box containing the screwing. dies which are set in radial or nearly
radial grooves or sockets, and which are moved inwards or outwards by radial
or nearly radial screw spindles. These radial screw spindles have bevil
pinions on their outer ends, and in gear with these bevil pinions there are two
bevil-toothed rings fitted to turn on the die box one on each side of the bevil
pinions. Enclosing the pinions and rings there is a hollow ring which does
not revolve, but is carried by two rods working in sockets in the framing, and

page_text: capable of being moved horizontally by a lever. The inner vertical faces of
the hollow ring are made to act as clutches upon the bevil toothed rings, and
when the lever is moved over to either side it makes the hollow clutch ring
bear on one of the bevil toothed rings, and prevent it from being carried
round. The holding of one ring in this way causes the screw spindles to turn
in one direction and screw the die inwards; and the holding of the other
ring causes the screw spindles to turn in the other direction and screw the dies
outwards. The hollow clutch ring and the inner rings may be made with
counterpart grooved, conical, or roughened surfaces to obtain a frictional hold
upon each other, or the inner rings may be dispensed with, and the outer
hollow ring may be made to act directly on grooved or toothed bevil pinions
on the radial screw spindles.
To render the machinery suitable for tapping or screwing nuts, there are
substituted for the dies holding pieces having their inner ends shaped to fit
the shank of the tap, and the tap being inserted they are made to grip it
firmly by means of the radial screw spindles.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Harvey and Alexander Harvey in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th February 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
HARVEY and ALEXANDER HARVEY, junior, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said George Harvey and Alexander Harvey, junior, Her special licence that
we, the said George Harvey and Alexander Harvey, junior, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Harvey and
Alexander Harvey, junior, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCREWING BOLTS AND NUTS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said George Harvey and Alexander
Harvey, junior, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed; and cause the same to be filed in the. Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and. immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said. George Harvey and Alexander
Harvey, junior, do. hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had.
to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our said Invention has for its. object the constructing of machinery for
screwing bolts and nuts in a simplified. and efficient manner..
And in order that our said Invention, and. the manner of performing the
same may be properly understood, we have hereunto appended a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing modi-
fications of screwing machinery embodying our improvements. The same.
reference numerals mark the same or like parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 on the Sheet of Drawings is a plan; Figure 2 is a side elevation ;,
Figure 3. is a longitudinal. vertical section, and Figure 4 is a sectional end.
elevation of the machine...
Figures 5, 6, and 7. are enlarged, sectional views of the principal part.of the
machine, namely, that in which the screwing dies are held. The framing of
the machine comprises a trough-shaped casting or body 1 mounted upon end.
standards 2. The trough-shaped body 1 is cast with a long horizontal
tubular bearing 3. at one end,, in which turns a tubular shaft or hollow main
spindle 4, into which the bolt enters when being screwed. The tubular shaft 4
has fast on its outer end a spur wheel 5 in gear with a pinion 6 on the first-
motion or pulley shaft. 7 carried at one side of the machine by brackets 8.
cast on the body-1. The pulley shaft 7 is driven. in the ordinary_way_by, a
belt from an overhead shaft, which is provided with reversing appliances. On.
the inner end of the tubular shaft 4 there is fixed or. forined a circular box. or
face plate 9, containing the screwing dies 10, which are set., in radial or
nearly. radial grooves or sockets, and which are moved inwards or outwards
by radial or nearly radial screw spindles 11. The screw spindles are entered
into internally screwed blocks 12 formed with deep grooves or sockets to hold.
the dies 10, which are kept in their places by a cover plate 13. The enlarged'
view, Figure 5, is a sectional face view with one half of this cover plate 13.
removed. The radial screw spindles 11 are entered through eyes in the rimr
of the face plate 9, and they have bevil pinions 14 fixed on their outer ends,..

page_text: in gear with which there are (according to one modification). two bevil tooth
rings 15, 16, fitted to turn on the face plate or die box 9, one on each
side of the bevil pinions 14. Enclosing the pinions 14 and rings 15, 16, there
is a hollow ring 17 formed in two halves bolted together by flanges,, which does
not revolve, but is carried or held by two horizontal rods 18 working in eyes
or sockets 19 formed in the body casting 1, and capable of being moved
horizontally by a bowed lever 20 centred upon the tubular bearing 3. The
inside vertical faces of the hollow ring 17 are made to act as clutches úpon
the bevil toothed rings 15, 16, and when the lever 20 is moved over to either
side it makes the hollow clutch ring 17 bear on one of the bevil toothed
rings 15 or 16, and prevent it from being carried round. The holding of one
ring 15 or 16 in this way causes the screw spindles 11 to turn in one
direction in consequence of their being made to as it were roll upon the
stationary toothed ring as they are carried round by the tubular shaft 4. The
dies 10 are screwed inwards by holding one ring 15, and outwards by holding
the other ring 16. The hollow clutch ring 17 and the inner rings 15, 16,
may be made with counterpart grooved surfaces, as shown, or with conical or
roughened surfaces to obtain a frictional hold upon each other, or the bevil-
toothed rings 15, 16, may be made with smooth, grooved, or roughened
cylindrical surfaces to be acted on by friction straps or blocks. To facilitate
the adjustment of the dies 10 to cut a bolt of a determined size a projection 3.1
is formed on the back or outside of the bevil toothed ring 15, and an annular
graduated plate 32 formed with a stop or stops is fixed to the back of the
die box 9 by screw bolts 33, which when loosened can be shifted round with
the plate 32 in a groove made for them. These details are best seen in the
An index or pointer 34, fitted
section, Figure 6, and back view, Figure 7.
to the die box 9 serves for setting the graduated plate by, and when the dies
are screwed inwards the projection 31 on the bevil toothed ring 15 comes
against the stop on the graduated plate 32, and has its movement limited
thereby.
The machine may be simplified by omitting one 16 (or it might be 15) of
the bevil toothed rings, as shown in the enlarged section of the face plate or
die box 9, Figure 6, and with this arrangement the reversed motion of the
screw spindles 11 is obtained by simply reversing the main spindle 4 whilst
the frictional connection is in gear.
The appliances shown for holding the bolt or nut to be screwed do not
possess any material points of novelty, and they may be briefly described as
comprising a following headstock 21 fitted to slide on horizontal rails 22 fixed
inside the top edges of the trough-shaped body 1 of the machine, and along

page_text: which it can be moved by means of a pair of pinions 23 gearing with inverted
rack teeth formed on the under side of the rails 22. The pinions 23 are upon
a spindle 24 carried by brackets on the headstock 21, and there is a spur
wheel 25 on this spindle actuated by a pinion 26 on a short spindle
above fitted with a hand wheel 27. The headstock 21 is formed with sockets
for holding jaws which are adjusted centrally by two screw spindles 28 geared
together by spur wheels 29, and having a hand wheel 30 fitted on one of
them. Each screw spindle 28 is partly right-handed and partly left-handed
so as to act oppositely on the upper and lower holding jaws.
In order to arrange the machinery for tapping or screwing nuts, there are
substituted for the dies 10 holding pieces having their inner ends shaped to
fit upon the shank of the tap, and the tap being inserted they are made to
grip it firmly by means of the radial screw spindles 11, or the tap is inserted
in a block formed with faces, against which the blocks 12 are screwed.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be effectively performed, we have to state that we
do not restrict ourselves to the precise details herein described or delineated ;
but that what we believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention
secure to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the
arranging or combining together of the parts of machinery for screwing
bolts and nuts in the improved manner herein-before described, and more par-
ticularly the obtaining of the radial movement of the dies by contrivances
combined and acting substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Harvey and Alexander
Harvey, junior, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh
day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-six.
20 Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
(L.B.)
GEORGE HARVEY.
ALEX. HARVEY, JUN. (L.S..)