IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN CUTTING, STAMPING, AND PRESSING
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, .I, THOMAS
DEAKIN, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-first day of
January, in the tenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Deakin, my exors,
admors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Thomas Deakin, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Thomas Deakin, my exors, admiors, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the continuance of the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney,
Sark, and Man, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN CUTTING, STAMPING,
AND PRESSING;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said Thomas Deakin, to cause a particular description of my Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in

page_text: and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Deakin, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):-
My Invention of improvements in cutting, stamping, and pressing matals
and other materials, relates to the combination and arrangement of machinery
for effecting these several operations, when such metal or material is required
to be cut or formed into any particular shape or pattern, and also in the method
of feeding or supplying the material to be submitted to the combined operations
of the machine, and also the combination and-arrangement of parts for clearing
the refuse or waste of the strip of metal or other material (should there be
any) from the machine after the desired article has been cut therefrom, the
whole of which will be better understood and more readily carried into effect
by referring to the various Figures contained in the Drawings hereunto
annexed, which denote the different parts by the same letters where they
recur in all the Figures relating to each other.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, represent the machine with the different parts
arranged in the same position. Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my
improved machine for cutting and stamping or pressing; Figure 2, a longitu-
dinal vertical section thereof, taken through the centre; Figure 3 represents
an elevation of the end to which the driving pullies are attached; Figure 4
shews an elevation of the end to which the fly wheel is attached; and Figure 5,
a transverse vertical section through the line j, j.
Figure 1, Sheet A.
A, A, is a framework, which may be made of cast or
wrought iron; it is divided into two parts longitudinally, and is furnished with
outside resting flanges B, B, by which it may be secured to a bench or other
suitable framework according to locality. The semicircular sides of this frame
A, A, are furnished with ribs or internal projections C, C, C, C', in which are
mounted the cutting and stamping instruments, the female die a of the cutting
apparatus being fixed in the base or block D, which is secured to the frame by
screws b, b. From the block D a cylinder E is erected, which may be cast in
one solid piece with block D; this cylinder E, which must be correctly bored
in a position perpendicular with the face of the die a, is fitted with a plunger
or ram F, into the lower end of which the male or cutting punch c is secured.

page_text: This ram or plunger F has a reciprocating motion communicated to it as
follows:-The top the plunger or ram F is fitted with a cross head G, which
is connected to an eccentric block H by the side rods I, I; the rods I, I, are
furnished with adjusting nuts and screws K, K, so as to regulate and adjust
the punch c to the die, and allow for the wear thereof. The eccentric block H is
actuated by means of the eccentric L fixed on the shaft M, which may be
driven by a strap passing over the strap pullies, as represented, or by gearing
or by any other suitable means: if driven by the strap, it is necessary that it
should be furnished with a fly wheel L*, which will give the impetus required
at the moment the operation takes place. The stamping or pressing die & is
mounted on the projections C', C', in a similar way to the foregoing arrange-
ment, and is actuated by the sanic means; the arrangement of the plunger F',
side rods I', I', cross head G', and eccentrics L', being precisely similar to that
previously described. A strip of metal or other material from which the
articles are to be cut, and represented by the red line in Figure 2, is introduced
to a feeding apparatus, which feeding apparatus consists of a channel or spout e,
into which the strip of metal is held by a bent lever f from pressure exerted at
its opposite end by a bent steel spring g. The metal or other material on
leaving this channel e enters between the jaws h and i of a travelling frame
N, which will be seen separate at Figure 6. The jaw i being pivoted at k has
a tendency from its own weight to fall from the upper one, but is borne up on
the spring ; it allows the strip of metal or or other material to pass freely
between the jaws. The travelling frame N is supported on a dovetailed slide
m, which travels backwards and forwards; this slide m is actuated by the bell
crank n, motion being communicated thereto by a connecting rod o and
eccentric p, which is fixed on the driving shaft M. The arm q forms a
continuation of the moveable jaw i. In its motion from right to left it
under a fixed projection 7, which being inclined downwards towards the die a,
it depresses the arm q, and causes the jaw to pinch, or, in other words, bite the
the strip of metal or other material for the purpose of bringing it under the die;
and according to the distance which the arm 7 remains in contact with the
fixed projection 2, so will the material to be cut or stamped be advanced,
which motion is regulated to suit the article to be produced by making the
fixed projection longer or shorter, and thereby causing it to depress the arm q,
through a greater amount of space travelled over, which will move the material
to be cut or stamped a greater distance. The distance travelled through by the
frame N may also be varied by differing the proportion of the arms of the bell
crank, or by altering the throw of the eccentric. The arm q in moving from
passes

page_text: left to right passes over the fixed projection r, which effectually releases the
metal or other material; the pressure of the spring attached to the bent lever f
which is but slight, will be found sufficient to prevent the metal or other material
from being dragged backwards by the friction of the jaws and i. The metal
or other material is next conducted by the channel s below the cutting punch c,
which descends while the metal or other material is at rest, and pierces or cuts
therefrom a blank of the shape desired; this blank falls through the die a into
a spout or guide in dotted lines at Figure 2, by which means the blank is
conducted to the stamping or pressing die d, where it drops and rests into the
recess t until the motion of the machine brings down the stamping punch u,
and compresses or stamps the blank of the desired form, which form, as
produced by the dies represented in the Drawings, would be that shewn in
section at Figure 7 and in plan at Figure 8. In the cutting and stamping of
articles such as seen at Figures 7 and 8, the extreme diameter of the punch u
is rather less than the diameter of the article produced, so that as it adheres to
the punch during the upward stroke it projects slightly beyond it, and comes in
contact with the point of the pallet or strike v; this pallet v strikes it off the
punch, when it falls again on the die d. This pallet v is kept in close contact
with the punch u by a steel spring w, which admits of its being deflected to
the position indicated by the dotted lines seen at Fig. 2. The article thus
produced is thrown from the face of the die by an apparatus which I will
describe as follows:-1 is a plate secured to the bottom of the die d, to which
a broad steel spring 2 is secured at one end by a screw 3; a small pillar 4
projects below the plate 1, and has jointed at its lower end a lever 5, the long
end of which is kept continually depressed by a steel spring 6; the other end
of the lever 5 carries a click 7 pivoted thereto, the upper end of which forms
a hook which takes on to the end of the steel spring 2, and is retained in that
position by the pressure of another steel spring 8. The article having been struck
off the punch u, as before described, the long end of the lever 5 is at the
same moment raised by means of an arm 9 affixed to one of the side rods; this
action pulls the spring 2 to the position indicated by the dotted lines, the
inclination of which overcomes the force of the spring 8, and the hook of the
click 7 slips from the spring 2 and thereby releases it; this gives an impetus
to the small bolt or pin 10, which being projected upwards with con-
siderable force throws out the manufactured article, which impinges against
the pallet v when in the position shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3, and by that
means is deflected outwards; the arm 9 then recedes from the lever 5, and
the hook of the click 7 resumes its position on the steel spring 2. In all

page_text: cases the punch u is so constructed that the article manufactured shall project
beyond it, and catch the pallet v, and be thrown off as before described, and
should it remain in the die it will be rejected by the rod 10. The scrap or waste
plate as it leaves the cutting punch passes over a stationary cutting edge x,
and is severed by a reciprocating knife y, this knife being actuated by a
connecting rod from the cross head G, the knife y moving in vertical dovetail
slides z, z; the scrap or waste plate being thus reduced to small pieces is then
conducted away by the spout shown by dotted lines, Figure 5.
In the foregoing description I have confined myself to the action of one
cutting and one stamping punch and dic, but the principal feature of my
Invention is the combining a series of these cutting and stamping punches and
dies together in one machine, and which will be readily understood by referring.
to Figure 9, where a die is represented suitable for cutting out military
percussion caps; the red line shewing the boundary of the plate of metal,
& the dotted red lines the perforations as made by the series of punches; and it
will be seen that the arrangement is such as to admit of the die being made of
sufficient strength with the least possible waste of the material from which the
article is cut. It is obvious that articles cut in this way may be conducted by
suitable channels or spouts to the stamping die or dies, furnished with a
corresponding number of recesses, into which they are compressed, and in all
other respects they are treated as before described. In each article the
arrangement of the cutting punches or dics will depend on the configuration
thereof; the principle of this part of my Invention will therefore be sufficiently
exemplified by the Diagram Figure 9.
In Sheet C, I have shown another arrangement of machinery for cutting and
stamping, Figure 1 being a longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 2 a plan
of the same. It consists of a die A, which is secured to the bed plate B
by any suitable means; the cutting punch C moves in a guide D also fixed to
the bed plate B; the stamping punch E moves either eccentric or concentric
therewith according to the article to be produced, and is guided in its motion
by the interior of the cutting punch C; a horizontal motion is communicated
to these punches from the driving shaft, by means of the eccentrics F, F, F,
and connecting rods G, G, G. The plate or sheet of metal or other material
from which the articles are to be punched is placed against the face of the die,
the cutting punch is then brought up by the action of the machine, and the
blank produced by the passing of the cutting edges a, a, is forced into the
recess b, the stamping punch then follows and presses the blank into the
recess c, and by that means producing a rim thereon, according to the shape of

page_text: the stamping punch E. Should a hole be required in the centre of the
article so produced, it may be effected by means of a punch d in the centre
of the die A. This punch d enters the hollow in the punch E, piercing a
piece from the article during the process of stamping, which piece passes up
the hollow E, and drops out at e. The stamped article thus produced adhering
to the stamping punch is withdrawn from the die, but as the punch E enters
the cutting punch C, the stamped article is forced off the punch and drops
away, and the operation of cutting and stamping is repeated as before. This
machine is also intended to have a series of punches and dies, arranged as
described with reference to the machine represented in Sheets A and B, &
the Diagram Fig. 9, but which in this machine has also been omitted for
simplifying the same. The feeding apparatus therein shewn will also be
applicable to this machine for the same purpose when adapted to suit the
position of the punches and die or dies.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that
I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set forth, so long as the
peculiar character of either part of my said Invention be retained; and I am
perfectly aware that punches and dies have been before arranged in series for
punching rivet holes in boiler and tank plates, and in the perforation of zinc.
But what I claim is,-
First, the combining and arranging of cutting and stamping punches and
dies in one machine, so that the blanks produced by the cutting die or dies
shall pass from the cutting dies into the stamping die or dies, and to ejected
therefrom, the entire operation being performed by the combination of the
various parts of the machine as herein-before described, and shewn in the
Drawings. I also claim the apparatus for feeding or supplying the machine
with strips of metal or other material as herein-before described with reference
to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, in Sheets A and B. And I also claim the appa-
ratus for ejecting the manufactured article or articles from the stamping
die or dies as herein-before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4,
in Sheets A and B.
Secondly, I claim the arranging and combining a series of punches and dies
for the producing of articles from a sheet of metal or other materials, by the
combined processes of cutting and stamping in one machine, and as shewn with
reference to military percussion caps in the Diagram, Figure 9, the punches
for other articles being arranged according to their respective configurations
as above described.

page_text: Thirdly, I claim the processes of cutting and stamping in a horizontal
position when in combination with punches working one within the other,
either concentric or eccentric, according to the article to be produced, and as
herein-before described and represented in Sheet C of the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth
day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
forty-seven.