IMPROVEMENTS IN HOES,
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Goss, of Clenchwarton, and Frederick
Savage, of Saint Nicholas Iron Works, Kings' Lynn, both in
the County of Norfolk, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOES,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Goss and
Frederick Savage at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 7th April 1874.
We, JOHN Goss, of Clenchwarton, and FREDERICK SAVAGE, of Saint
Nicholas Iron Works, King's Lynn, both in the County of Norfolk,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HOES APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY FOR HOEING WHEAT AND SUCH LIKE CROPS," to be
as follows:-
.
At the present time the several hoes in a horse hoe for hoeing wheat
are each commonly formed of a triangular blade carried at the lower
end of a vertical stem, and one hoc or blade only is used to pass along
each space between the adjacent rows. When the land is at all hard

page_text: it is desirable to set the points of the hoes inclining slightly downward
to cause them to enter, and in this case the back portion of the blade
of the hoc does not enter so deeply into the land as the point, and
frequently only skims over it at its two sides, and thus only a narrow
width of land is hocd in the centre between the two rows of wheat whilst
the weeds near to the wheat frequently pass below the cutting blade and
escape from being cut.
In order to prevent the weeds nearest to the rows of wheat from
remaining uncut, we employ two other smaller cutting blades in rear
of each hoe, and the stems of these additional blades are carried by
arms from the same stem or lever (or connected to both arm and lever)
which carries the leading triangular blade, and they are set to cut the
weeds nearest to the rows of wheat which escape being cut by the
leading blade. The arms which project from the vertical stems to carry
the additional blades are jointed to a socket made capable of sliding
upwards or downwards upon the stems, and horizontally on the levers,
and of being fixed in any desired position by a set screw or clasp or
socket, so that not only can the additional blades be raised or lowered
but they can also be brought into a horizontal position or nearly so
whatever downward set may be given to the point of the leading hoe.
In order also that the combined hoes may be adjusted for hoeing
between rows of wheat at different distances apart from one another,
there is at the top of the stem by which each additional blade is carried
a horizontal bar to pass through a socket or clasp in or upon the bar
which is jointed to the stem of the leading blade, or to the lever.
The two horizontal bars carrying the two side blades may lie one over
the other in the socket or clasp, and be retained therein by a set screw
or otherwise. The two side blades can thus if desired be set to project
sidewise beyond the leading blade to any extent, and adapted for hoeing
between rows placed, say, cither 6, 7, 8, or 9 inches apart.
Methods of fixing the two after hoes behind the one now in general
use may also be adopted, and the two after hoes may either work abrcast
or one after the other, and they may be at any desired distance from
the front hoe.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Goss and Frederick Savage in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 7th October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
Goss, of Clenchwarton, and FREDERICK SAVAGE, of Saint Nicholas Iron
Works, King's Lynn, both in the County of Norfolk, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Seventh day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said John Goss and Frederick
Savage, Her special license that we, the said John Goss and Frederick
Savage, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said John Goss and Frederick Savage, our executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOES
APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY FOR HOEING WHEAT AND SUCH LIKE CROPS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Goss and
Frederick Savage, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediatly after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
was to
: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Savage, on behalf of
myself and the said John Goss, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
At the present time the several hoes in a horse hoe for hoeing wheat
are each commonly formed of a triangular blade carried at the lower
end of a vertical stem, and one hoe or blade only is used to pass along.
cach space
between the adjacent rows. When the land is at all hard

page_text: "
it is desirable to set the points of the hoes inclining slightly downward
to cause them to enter, and in this case the back portion of the blade
of the hoe does not enter so deeply into the land as the point, and
frequently only skims over it at its two sides, and thus only a narrow
width of land is hocd in the centre between the two rows of wheat, whilst
the weeds near to the wheat frequently pass below the cutting blade and
escape from being cut.
In order to prevent the weeds nearest to the rows of wheat from
remaining uncut, we employ two or more smaller cutting blades in rear
of each hoe, and the stems of these additional blades are carried by
arms from the same stem (or it might be from the lever, or from both
stem and lever) which carries the leading triangular blade, and they are
set to cut the weeds nearest to the rows of wheat which escape being
cut by the leading blade. The arms are jointed to a socket made capable
of sliding upwards or downwards upon the stems of the leading blades,
and of being fixed in any desired position by a set screw, or clamp, or
socket, so that not only can the additional blades be raised or lowered
but they can also be brought into a horizontal position, or nearly so,
whatever downward set may be given to the point of the leading hoe.
In order also that the combined hoes may be adjusted for hoeing
between rows of wheat at different distances apart from one another,
there is at the top of the stem by which each additional blade is carried
a horizontal bar to pass through a socket or clamp in or upon the arm
which is jointed to the stem of the leading blade (or upon the lever, as
before explained).
The two horizontal bars carrying the two side blades may lie one over
the other in the socket or clamp, and be retained therein by a set screw
or otherwise; the two side blades can thus if desired be set to project
sidewise beyond the leading blade to any extent, and adapted for hoeing
between rows placed, say, either 6, 7, 8, or 9 inches apart.
.
Other methods of fixing the two after hoes behind the one now in
general use may also be adopted, and the two after hoes may either work
abreast or one after the other, and they may be at any desired distance
from the front hoe.
In order that our Invention may be fully understood we have shewn
in the Drawings hereunto annexed the manner in which we prefer to
carry the additional hoes which are to work in rear of the leading hoe.

page_text: Figure 1 shews a side view, and Figure 2, a plan of the two additional
hoes, and of the arm by which they are carried. In these Figures a is
a clamp or socket to embrace the stem of the leading hoe a*; b is an
arm capable of turning upon the bolt c of the clamp; d, d, are the two
additional hoe blades, the stems of which are each formed with a hori-
zontal bar e standing out from them. These bars both pass through a
clamp fat the extremity of the arm b, and lic one over the other within
the clamp; the hose d can thus be set at any desired distance apart;
g is a projection standing up from the arm 6; in this projection is a slot
through which passes the bolt h of a clamp k which is to embrace the
end of the lever which carries the stem of the leading hoe. The slot
in the projection g allows of the hoes d, d, being raised or lowered and
fixed at any desired height. The clamp a can also be raised or lowered
upon the stem of the leading hoe; the hoes d can thus be set to cut
to any desired depth, and can also be held in a horizontal position,
or nearly so, whatever downward set may be given to the leading hoe.
As before stated the hoes d in place of being carried by an arm b
standing out from the stem of the leading hoe might be carried from the
lever to which the stem of the leading hoe is fixed, or other suitable pro-
vision might be made for carrying the hoes d, we however prefer to
carry them in the manner above explained.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, we would have it understood that we claim as
our improvements in hoes applicable specially for hoeing wheat and such
like crops,
1. The employment of additional hoes or blades d to act in rear of a
leading triangular hoc, substantially in the manner above described.
2. The combined arrangement of hoes, substantially as above described
and shewn in the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Savage, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
FREDERICK SAVAGE. (L.S.)