matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MENTS IN PAVING BRICKS OR QUARRIES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Israel Morris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1876.
ISRAEL MORRIS, of Bloxwich, in the County of Stafford, Engineer.
MENTS IN PAVING BRICKS OR QUARRIES."
"IMPROVE-
Hitherto paving bricks or quarries have been made either smooth on their surface
or surfaces or else they have been so formed as to have indentations on the upper
or wearing side; and it is found that in some cases when the indented brick used
that the projections formed upon it become worn away whilst the brick remains
whole and sound, and thus from loss of the indentations in the brick the foothold
is rendered slippery and unsafe.
The object of this Invention is to produce bricks or quarries which shall have
suitable impressions indented upon two or more sides thereof, so that when the
upper surface of the brick or quarry becomes worn and slippery the said brick or
quarry may be taken up and relaid, and one of its other indented sides placed
upwards, and thus it may so possess all the advantages that would be obtained by
the pavement being relaid with new bricks.
The suitable impressions which are herein-before described as indented upon two
or more sides of my improved brick or quarry are produced by so forming the
mould in which the said brick or quarry is made that two or more of the inner
sides of the said mould have projections corresponding in size and shape to the
indentations required to be produced on the brick or quarry,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO COTTON MACHINERY FOR COLLECTING THE DIRT & EXTRANEOUS MATTERS THEREFROM
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Crossley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1876.
SAMUEL CROSSLEY, of Todmorden, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO COTTON MACHINERY FOR
COLLECTING THE DIRT & EXTRANEOUS MATTERS THEREFROM."
33
This Invention relates to the construction of the grates or grids used in machinery
for preparing cotton, such as "openers," "scutchers," "intermediates," and "finishers
for collecting the dirt and other extraneous matter which is extracted and falls
from the cotton as it passes through the machine.
The Invention consists mainly of a box (the width of the machinery), across which
runs transversely a series of plates or bars set a short distance apart and supported
at their ends by notched racks attached to or formed with the sides of the box.
The upper surface of these plates or bars forms an inclined grating or grid, and as
the cotton passes over it the dirt and other extraneous matter falls through the
spaces between the plates or bars into the box beneath. The depth of the box
being greater than that of the bars, and the box being inclined, the tendency of the
dirt or other extraneous matter would be to gravitate towards the lower end of the
box, and if not frequently removed it would choke the lower part of the grate. To
obviate this, I make about every fifth or sixth plate or bar of the full depth of the
box so as to divide the box transversely into a number of compartments, by which
means it is prevented from becoming choked and does not require cleaning out for
a much longer period. There is a door in the lower side of the box, upon opening
which the dirt or other matter falls out.
The upper edge of the plates or bars is bevilled, and they can be so arranged as
to present the sharp or obtuse edge to the cotton as may be desired. I prefer for
short staple cotton to present the obtuse edge of the first few plates and the acute
edges of the upper ones. Any or all of the plates or bars may also be placed
obliquely instead of transversely, if desired.
ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1876. A communication
from abroad by Bruno Brauer, of Bremerhaven, in the Empire of Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
ROTARY ENGINES." A communication from abroad by Bruno Brauer, of Bremer-
haven, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in arranging the shaft and piston concentric with the
cylinder, furnishing the piston with elastic packing plates and triangular or other
shaped segments for the purposes of rendering the piston steam-tight independently
of wear and tear of the plates, or segments, or the cylinder itself.
The engine furnished as above may be fitted with reversing and variable expansion
gear, and when so treated the use of the steam-tight piston, as above described,
together with the introduction of condensation and expansion, will ensure the least
consumption of steam for the power required.
The various parts may be made of metal, and the packing plates and segments
may be fitted by bolt & nut attachments or other equivalents.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH CIGAR AND FUZEE CASES, PURSES, POCKET BOOKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Dee at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 19th February 1876.
LOUIS DEE, of the Firm H. W. & L. Dee, of Sherwood Street, Golden Square, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH CIGAR AND FUZEE
CASES, PURSES, POCKET BOOKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to improvements connected with cigar and fuzee cases,
purses, pocket books, and other similar articles, and consists in moulding or shaping
pure or cured rubber in a soft state to serve as gussets or expansible sides or edges
that are required to expand by the insertion of articles within the case.
I
In fitting my moulded or shaped rubber gussets or tucks to, say, a cigar case,
cement or otherwise secure the back portion to the sides proper, and so that the
gusset or expansible portion is left exposed. I secure the edges or flap part of
the gusset to the metal or other frame by cement, pins, or other convenient
means.
The advantages of my Invention are,―
Firstly. The article is less bulky without interfering with the capacity of the
interior.
Secondly. The edges are less liable to split open from articles being crammed in.
Thirdly. The silk, leather, or other lining can be dispensed with in most cases,
consequently the article can be manufactured at a cheaper rate.
Fourthly. The facility of moulding rubber to given shapes enables the gussets to
be without creases or folds.
APPARATUS FOR SEALING THE CORKS OF BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter James Dix at the Office of
"AN IMPROVED
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1876.
WALTER JAMES DIX, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth.
APPARATUS FOR SEALING THE CORKS OF BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES,
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus for sealing
bottles, jars, or other like articles containing wines, spirits, and other liquors after
corking, whereby several seals or stamps are so combined that by a simple motion
of the apparatus any required seal may be brought into position for use.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a wheel or drum of any suitable metal,
the periphery of which is provided with any required even number of cylindrical,
square, or other shaped projections, each being cut with a different word or
inscription for indicating the contents of the bottles, such for instance as "port,"
"sherry," and so on. The wheel or drum is provided with a central pin or axis
placed in a slot formed in a tubular handle, also provided with openings to allow of
the rotation of the wheel or drum. The top of the tubular handle is of a circular
or other suitable form, and has a central opening corresponding in size and shape
with the said projections or seals on the periphery of the wheel or drum. Any
required inscription, such for instance as a name or an address or both, is engraved
or cut in the said top of the handle surrounding the central seal. The wheel or
drum is kept firmly in position by means of a spiral spring acting on a piston or
plunger in the lower part of the tubular handle of the apparatus. By this arrange-
ment it will be understood that when it is desired to alter the seal by changing the
centre of the same, the piston or plunger is drawn down by the hand, when the
pin or axis of the wheel or drum will fall to the bottom of the slot in which it
turns, thereby withdrawing the central part of the seal which is to be changed;
the wheel or drum can then be rotated until the projection or seal having the
desired inscription comes under the central hole at the top of the handle, when the
spring being released the piston or plunger will carry the wheel or drum to its
acting position, the required central seal passing into the said hole where it is kept
firmly in its place.
The improved apparatus may also be employed for stamping or embossing
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Barnett and John William
Nelson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March
1876.
EDMUND BARNETT and JOHN WILLIAM NELSON, both of Greenwich, in the County
of Kent, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention relates to improvements in roller skates and consists in fitting to
the under side of a footboard a couple of plates one at the toe and one at the heel.
These plates have lugs for holding the lugs of a frame to it by a pin. The frame is
composed of a bowed strip of metal preferably of spring steel, and has the ends
connected to socket pieces through which the axles of the travelling rollers pass.
The socket pieces have hollow projections looking towards each other, in which
hollows the outer ends of rods are free to slide, the inner ends of the rods being
lipped over a pin or stud attached to a kind of bridge piece which is fastened to the
under side of the footboard and moves with it when the footboard is depressed on
either side.
By this Invention the curvilinear movements are accomplished in an easy manner
by the rollers being attached to a frame not directly connected with the footboard.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR AËRATED OR EFFERVESCENT LIQUIDS AND IN STOPPERS THEREfor
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Williams at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1876.
JOHN WILLIAMS, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford, Mineral Water Manu
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR AËRATED OR EFFERVESCENT LIQUIDS
AND IN STOPPERS THEREfor."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of bottles for
containing aërated or effervescont liquids, and in stoppers peculiarly adapted to be
used therein.
In carrying the first part of my Invention into practice I form or make within
the mouth or neck of the bottle and projecting downwards or towards the interior
of the bottle a solid or thickened projection for the purpose of holding the stopper
more securely in the neck of the bottle.
The stopper I make or form of an elongated cylindrical shape of earthenware or
glass, or of other suitable material, having a valve-shaped projection on the central
part of the stopper, and on each side of the projection I make an encircling groove
somewhat triangular in cross section. The ends of the stopper I make of a rounded
or button or stud form, or of a flat form, surrounding and enveloping every part of
the stopper but the ends I place an india-rubber or elastic tube or washer, which
in its normal state is of a less diameter internally than the external diameter of the
plug or stopper. The elastic tube or washer has thus to be stretched either before
or after being placed in position in the bottle, and it is then distended centrally by
the full diameter of the middle portion of the plug; but its elasticity causes its end
parts to contract into the circular grooves of the plug, and they thus fall flush with
the outer periphery of the stopper; the stopper then assumes a valve-shaped form,
or somewhat approaching the shape of an ellipse. When the bottle is filled the
pressure of the gas will force the stopper against the projection in the neck of the
bottle, and so form a complete air and water-tight joint. Stoppers as thus made
are double-acting, that is, each end will act as a stopper, and it is therefore quite
immaterial which end thereof is placed in the bottle first, or which end comes
upward, so that they need be made only of about an inch in length, more or less,
and they need not be made of a length exceeding the greatest internal diameter of
the bottle, as is required in all stoppers which act only at one end.
These stoppers can also be used for ordinary aërated water bottles.
IMPROVED BRAKE FOR PERAMBULATORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Parker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1876.
WILLIAM JOHN PARKER, of Curtain Road, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED BRAKE FOR PERAMBULATORS."
"AN
My Invention relates to an improved brake for perambulators designed to prevent
accidents, such as frequently happen by the starting of the carriage when left
Accidents from this cause are of
standing unattended upon sloping ground.
common occurrence and are often attended with serious injury to the occupant of
the perambulator, which if allowed to run far soon attains considerable speed, and
is liable to be overturned. By my improved brake such accidents will be entirely
prevented, as it is self-applying, and effectually prevents any further movement of
the vehicle directly the handle is released. The brake shoe is carried at the forward
extremity of a lever mounted on an axis beneath the footboard of the perambulator,
and the break is applied to the front wheel by the action of a spring connected to
said lever. The rear end of this lever is connected by chains or other connections
with the end of a bar, just in front of the handle of the perambulator, and parallel
therewith. This bar is fitted to slide on guides, and the bar may be readily drawn
up against the handle by grasping both together in order to take off the break.
The break shoe embraces the rim of the wheel, in the sides of which pins are fixed
at equal distances apart in such a position as to abut against the break shoc and
lock the wheel entirely.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSIERY MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Webster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1876.
GEORGE EDWARD WEBSTER, of Central Chambers, Market Street, in the Town and
County of Nottingham, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSIERY MACHINES."
My Invention has for its object the production of striped goods on either ribbed
or plain hose, the stripes being composed of two or more colours, and the machine
only having a single feeder.
For the purpose of accomplishing my Invention, I employ the usual machine used
for making hose, and in addition a presser bar, which by its friction on the thread
on which it is at a certain time pressing tends and ultimately breaks the thread,
thus stopping that particular thread from running, while at the same time no
interference is offered to the others.
The action of my improved addition is as follows:-A camb or catch being placed
upon a wheel it acts on the bottom of a lever having a forked end; in the end of
each fork is made an eye or guide, through which passes the thread; in connection
with this lever is placed the presser bar working between a holder, which consists
of a piece of mechanism constructed so that the end of the presser bar may alter-
nately work upon it or press the thread to it.
When the camb comes into play it throws the forked lever to one side, and with
it moves the presser bar into one of its acting positions corresponding to the
situation of the guiding fork, and thus stops the continuation of a particular bar or
row of colour in the hose.
In order that the feed to the hose should be more secure I sometimes employ a
revolving feed tube, which being driven by a quick speed pulley revolves at a
considerable velocity, and by the friction in its interior more completely secures the
threads, giving an action which is found to beneficial.
MENTS IN SCREWS, BOLTS, HOOKS, AND PULLIES in screws, screw bolts, and in cases in pullies and hooks
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Whitcombe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1876.
ARTHUR WHITCOMBE, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester.
MENTS IN SCREWS, BOLTS, HOOKS, AND PULLIES."
"IMPROVE
The improvements in screws, screw bolts, and in some cases in pullies and hooks,
is the introduction of a system combining the use of screw and tube more extensively
than at present. The object to be gained is the maintenance of the same degrees of
strength and tenacity with a much less consumption of material, and for purposes
where lightness is of importance, consequently a great decrease of weight. The
tubular screws and bolts would be applicable to buildings, carriages, slups, and
machinery, and most purposes where screws and bolts are now used; the system also
is applicable to axletrees and spindles. Scrows and screw bolts would be made in
lapped or other iron tube according to size and strength required, and would be
secured by nuts, might be made in sizes suitable for passing a tube wire or cord or
to be used as shanks or shafts of pullies for communication between floors or decks.
Tubular screws for general purposes where screws of moderate size are used might
also be used as communicators in bell hanging and similar purposes. Double or
mortice screws for bracing timber or iron together would supply the place of bolts
with nuts for many purposes. These screws would consist of two parts (male and
female) so called, meeting in the middle or as otherwise convenient, and would
possess great power of hold.
Mortice screws for iron bars in bracing walls of buildings might supersede the
use of outside nuts. Tubular screws and bolts would also be made in wood, ivory,
bone, or any metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOCKING FACING POINTS UPON LINES OF RAILWAY
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cousins and James Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1876.
CHARLES COUSINS, of the City Iron and Wire Works, Lincoln, and JAMES BROWN,
of Boston, in the County of Lincolni. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOCKING
FACING POINTS UPON LINES OF RAILWAY."
This Invention has for its object to prevent the shifting of the moveable point
rails of facing points, and to secure that the points shall not be partly open during
the passage of a train over them. For this purpose we employ two wedges or clips
carried by arms on a rocking shaft mounted transversely of the rails. When the
points have been shifted over to one or other position the wedges or clips are
brought downward into and fill in the hollows in the chairs which support the
tongues or points of the moving rails, and so prevent the tongues from shifting.
The rocking shaft has also an arm upon it, which by a link we couple to one end of
a sliding bar placed alongside one of the stop or main rails in front of the points.
The opposite end of this bar we connect by a link to an arm capable of turning on
a fixed centre. When the wedges or clips before mentioned are not in position to
lock the tongues of the point rails this arm inclines upwards, and is in a position to
be acted upon and depressed by the flanges of the wheels of an approaching train.
The depressing of the arm will shift the bar endwise, and cause the wedges or clips
to be turned down into position to lock the points.
The under side of the sliding bar is hollowed away at those places where the bar
is then resting upon its supporting chairs, so that the bar cannot move back
without rising, and this it will be prevented from doing by the flanges of the wheels
of the passing train.
To change the position of the points the lock bar is drawn up, and the wedges or
clips lifted from their position in the chairs by one movement of a lever handle;
the moveable point rails may then be shifted by lever apparatus in the ordinary
manner, and the lock bar lever pulled back again to lock the switches in their
altored position. Or supposing the pointsman to neglect his duty and not to lock
the points, the wedges or clips will be forced into their proper position by the wheels
of an approaching train before the train comes on to the points.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING OXYDE AND CHLORIDE OF ZINC
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hartley Kenyon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1876.
HARTLEY KENTON, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING OXYDE AND CHLORIDE OF ZINC."
I grind galvanisers' flux, lixivating the soluble salts from the oxyde of zinc and
other impurities where color in the oxyde is no object, or I remove the coke if white
oxyde of zinc is required, in any convenient manner. The oxyde of zinc so obtained
I furnace or dry in any convenient manner. I then remove the ammoniacal salts in
the usual way from the soluble liquors so obtained, and then precipitate the iron in
such liquor or in any other chloride of zinc liquor in which chloride of iron is present
by chlorate of magnesia, or by means of sulphate of magnesia or kiserate I remove
the lime from chloride of zinc when chlorate of lime has been used to oxidise the
iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TILE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS USED WRINGING MACHINES, WHICH SPRINGS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Firth and Thomas Wolstencroft
at the Office of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1876.
EDWIN FIRTH and THOMAS WOLSTENCROFT, both of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TILE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS USED
WRINGING MACHINES, WHICH SPRINGS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER USEFUL
PURPOSES."
IN
This Invention relates principally to the springs used in wringing and mangling
machines for the purpose of pressing the upper roller firmly down on to the lower
roller so as to give the pressure required for wringing or mangling, but it will be
evident that the improved springs either in the same form or slightly modified are
also applicable for a variety of other useful purposes where a strong and economical
spring is required. The spring is made from a flat strip or bar of steel bent into
a volute form at each and properly tempered. This spring is so arranged that
when the power to be resisted is applied it has a tendency to uncoil or unlap these
two volutes.
In the case of a wringing or mangling machine we apply this spring as
follows: The spring is attached to the side frame by means of two bolts, one
passing through the innermost coil of each volute which is free to turn partially on
the bolt. The central portion of the spring is bent upwards and carried over the
axle of the upper roller. A screw passes through the centre of this part and pressos
upon the brass or bearing of the upper roller, and hence the face of the spring is
brought to bear upon the axle, and can be increased or diminished by turning the
screw.
In some cases the upper part of the spring may be curved downwards in the
centre, and act beneath the bottom roller instead of above the top roller, and where
four rollers are used the spring may-be, doubled, having four volutes.
In another modification the volutes may be reversed, the spring being somewhat
in the form of an S, the axis of each roller being carried in the central coil of one of
the volutes, and the act of separating the two rollers having a tendency to uncoil
the top volutes as in the previously described modification.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE WHEELS OF CARBIAGES, PERAMBULATORS, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Harper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1876.
ALFRED HARPER, of the City of Manchester, Perambulator Manufacturer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE WHEELS OF CARBIAGES, PERAMBULATORS,
AND OTHER VEHICLES."
The object of this Invention is a novel application of india-rubber to the tires
and felloes of wheels of carriages, perambulators, and other vehicles, whereby such
wheels are rendered noisless and easier in running, and at the same time to impart
to them a degree of elasticity.
Now this Invention consists of an india-rubber tire of any suitable cross section
of the width of the felloes, and which tire is peculiar in being made with sheet
india-rubber edges of sufficient width to wrap completely round the felloes, and to
overlap a sufficient distance, by preference inside such felloes, and to be secured in
position by the ordinary solution used for joining india-rubber.
The advantage of this system of applying india-rubber to wheels is that it has
no tendency to lengthen, and so to become detached from the felloes.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Harper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1876.
ALFRED HARPER, of the City of Manchester, Perambulator Manufacturer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES, PERAMBULATORS,
AND OTHER VEHICLES."
The object of this Invention is a novel application of india-rubber to the tires
and felloes of wheels of carriages, perambulators, and other vehicles, whereby such
wheels are rendered noisless and easier in running, and at the same time to impart
to them a degree of elasticity.
Now this Invention consists of an india-rubber tire of any suitable cross section
of the width of the felloes, and which tire is peculiar in being made with sheet
india-rubber edges of sufficient width to wrap completely round the felloes, and to
overlap a sufficient distance, by preference inside such felloes, and to be secured in
position by the ordinary solution used for joining india-rubber.
The advantage of this system of applying india-rubber to wheels is that it has
no tendency to lengthen, and so to become detached from the felloes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Larard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th October 1876.
FREDERICK LARARD, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HINGES."
The object of my improvements is to so construct spring hinges so that the spring
is wholly contained within the ordinary dimensions of the hinge, which presents a
neat appearance, and requires no special means for securing the spring in fixing the
hinge to the door, this being done by the usual number of screws, so that no ad-
ditional labor is required in fixing.
According to my improvements I employ a spiral spring, made preferably of brass
wire and of round rectangular or U form in cross section. If of rectangular form
the wire may receive a slight spiral twist before being coiled into the spiral form,
whereby it is considerably improved in strength and appearance. If of U form the
wire would receive no such twist, but would be coiled into the spiral form with
the grooved side outwards.
With wire drawn of the U form section the strength of the spring is increased
and the weight of the metal reduced.
The spiral spring lies in a recess provided for it between the hinge knuckles, and
it is retained therein by the hinge pin which passes through the spring. The ends
of the wire are bent at an angle so as to engage with the plates of the hinge, or it
may be otherwise secured so as to apply the power in the direction required. The
spring acts by torsion, and when fitted to the hinge it has sufficient extra twist given
it to impart the required strength and elasticity. Several springs may be similarly
applied to each hinge if desired.
My Invention also comprises a new form of hinge which may or may not be pro-
vided with springs, as above described, according to the situation in which it is used.
It is a double hinge especially adapted for show cases and other doors, the same
hinges serving for two doors hinged to the same stile and opening opposite ways.
These double hinges consist of a central plate, to either side of which other plates
are knuckle-jointed and provided or not with springs as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Armstrong Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1876.
RICHARD ARMSTRONG ROBERTS of Kensington Gore, in the County of Middle-
sex, Colonel in the Royal Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
The first improvement consists in procuring a curved course for roller skates, the
axles of which shall in contradistinction to those of the Plimpton skate, neither
radiate nor approach nor recede to or from the footplate, but with respect to which
footplate the angle of the axle as also its position, shall be under all circumstances
invariable.
The mechanism for obtaining the curved course is contained in the wheels, and
consists of an elastic bush, which under pressure permits of the axle assuming a
position other than centrical with respect to the wheels or rollers, and producing
thereby an effect somewhat similar to the use of coned wheels; or the bush may
be made of non-elastic materials, and coned or otherwise shaped to produce a similar
effect.
The second improvement consists in the arrangement of such wheels, or in lieu
thereof the rollers or wheels of four-wheeled skates generally, on separate axles,
that is to say, one axle to each wheel, the wheels nevertheless being arranged in
pairs though not quite opposite to each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR DECOM- POSING CHLORIDE OF SODIUM OR OF POTASSIUM
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mactear at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1876.
JAMES MACTEAR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Chemist
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR DECOM-
POSING CHLORIDE OF SODIUM OR OF POTASSIUM."
This Invention comprises improvements applicable to and in connection with the
ordinary decomposing furnaces used in the manufactures of soda and potash for
treating the chlorides with sulphuric acid.
In carrying out the Invention the sulphuric acid is added to the chloride in a
pan or vessel heated by a fire below, and fitted with stirring apparatus. The pan
or vessel is made of sufficient size to retain a quantity of material over and above
each charge so as to protect the bottom, and is fitted with two or more sluices or
slides at the sides giving passage when open into two or more closed or inuffle
furnaces in which the drying or calcining of the sulphate formed is completed.
The second or drying part of the process occupies about twice as long as the
first part, which is conducted in the pan and by connecting two drying furnaces
with one pan an arrangement is made admitting of all the parts being constantly
employed, the charges of the pan being transferred alternately to the two drying
furnaces.
The drying furnaces are circular in plan and are fitted with stirring apparatus,
whilst branch flues lead the acid vapors from them into the flue from the pan or
vessel, the total acid vapors being by the improved arrangement rendered less
variable in quantity and strength than under the ordinary system so that the means
for condensing them can be more easily and conveniently regulated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Malcolmson, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
Sealed the 21st October 1876, and dated the 24th April 1876.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Umice of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1876.
HENRY MALCOLMSON, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex.
ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention consists in constructing roller skates in the following manner :-
To the under side of the foot stock or stand of the skate, and near the toe and heel
parts thereof, I hinge a bracket shaped piece of metal for the aforesaid foot stock to
rock upon.
At the bottom of each of the aforesaid bracket shaped pieces, and at
right angles to the sides of the said bracket, I form a long hole to receive the axle
which carries the rollers of the skate, which are of the ordinary kind. The ends of
the axle are supported by a fork shaped piece of metal or hanger, the cross bar of
which swivels on a pin fixed vertically in the centre of the aforesaid bracket shaped
piece and into a boss formed on one side of that part of the bracket which carries
the axle, as before described, and in a line with the centre of the said bracket I
screw a long pin, the opposite end whereof passes through a hole in a broad flat
piece of tempered steel constituting a spring, to which the aforesaid pin is connected
by screw nuts, and I securely affix the upper end of the said spring by screws to
the under side of the foot stock or stand of the skate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Johnson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1876.
ALBERT JOHNSON, of 22, Constitution Hill, in the Borough of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Furniture Dealer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF ROLLER SKATES."
1st. I divide the stock or foot stand of the skate either transversely, and hinge the
same, or by a V shaped cut hinged, leaving space for the movement to one side or
the other of the fore and after parts of the stock or foot stand (with indin-rubber
packing), thus giving flexibility to the stock or foot stand, and conducing to the free
play of the foot in directing the position of the axles of the wheels.
2nd. I construct the axles on which the wheels revolve with an elliptic shaft
brought through the stock or foot stand (through a ring of india-rubber lined with
metal), and then secured to a metallic plate which is so fastened to the foot
of the wearer as to respond to the movement of the foot, provided also with
means for lubricating the same and permitting the free revolution of the shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NUMBERING, STAMPING, AND EMBOSSING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gowans at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1876.
JAMES GOWANS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Bookbinder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN NUMBERING, STAMPING, AND EMBOSSING MACHINES."
This Invention has for its object to provide numbering, stamping, and embossing
machines with improved appliances, by means of which the setting of the paper or
other material to be operated on can, under certain circunstances, be effected more
accurately, conveniently, and rapidly than heretofore.
The appliances commonly in use for setting the sheets or pieces of paper or
material are only available when the point to be operated on is always at a precise
distance from an edge or corner of the paper; but in many cases, amongst which
the numbering of cheques may be instanced, the numbering, stamping, or embos-
sing operation is required to be effected at points determined by some previously
printed or other letters or marks which are not at a uniform distance from an edgo
or corner, and in such cases the proper setting has hitherto been approximated to by
moving the numbering or other stamp or die nearly down to the paper or material,
next moving the paper by hand, and then effecting the stamping operation, thus
involving two distinct movements of the stamp or die, and even then only imper-
fectly effecting what is wanted.
By the present Invention an adjustable pointer is attached to the machine, so that
its point projects over the paper or material to be operated on, and is situated as
near as possible to the position at which the stamp is to operate without interfering
with the stamping mechanism, and the operator slips the paper or material under
this pointer so as to bring directly beneath the point the mark by which the position
of the number or other stamped or embossed device is determined. In one modifi-
cation the pointer is a bent wire or light rod fitted to slide in a socket on a
second rod at right angles to itself, and this second rod is similarly fitted to slide
in-a socket on a third rod, which last is fixed to the framing of the machine, or is
attached to it by means of a screw clamp or other holder admitting of its being fixed
in different positions. The rods are fixed in their sockets by pinching screws.
parts of the pointer may be made adjustable in any convenient way, as for example
by pivot joints provided with tightening screws; and each pointer may be made
with two or more points, which may be separately adjustable or not.
The
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE SPEED OF ENGINES AND THEIR SHAFTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Herbert Grave Hobson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1876.
ARTHUR HERBERT GRAVE HOBSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"AN IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE SPEED OF
ENGINES AND THEIR SHAFTS."
The object of this Invention is to provide a simple, efficient, and cheap apparatus
for indicating the speed of engines and their shafts so that such indications of speed
can be readily ascertained by the engineer in charge, or any other person.
Firstly. In carrying my Invention into practice I attach to the ordinary speed
governor of, for instance, a steam engine a bracket or bar having a graduated edge,
being an index bar; and to the lever connecting the governor to the valve rod I
attach a pointer which may be a continuation of said lever. This pointer comes
over the face of the index bar, and is so arranged that when the governor is at rest
the pointer stands at zero, and as the governor rises the pointer indicates on the
graduated index bar the number of revolutions the engine is making.
Secondly. I attach to the column carrying the governor a graduated index bar,
and to the sliding sleeve of the governor I attach a bar which carries a pointer, and
as the sliding sleeve rises and falls by the action of the governor the pointer
indicates the speed of the engines on the index bar.
Thirdly. I attach to the column carrying the governor a quadrant dial marked
with different degrees of speed. The dial is provided with a pointer or finger
having a quadrant pinion, and to the sliding sleeve of the governor I attach a rack
which takes into and works the pinion on the pointer or finger. As the sliding
sleeve rises and falls the speed of the engines is indicated on the dial by the pointer
or finger.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE SHEDDING MECHANISM OF LOOMS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Muir at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1876.
WILLIAM MUIR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE SHEDDING MECHANISM OF LOOMS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the shedding mechanism of
looms, has for its object to diminish the strain on the "dobbie," jacquard, or other
mechanism at the time when the shed is opened to its widest extent, that is to say,
when the strain on the warp is greatest.
The Invention consists in connecting the levers or other mechanism by which,
when acted upon by the "dobbic," jacquard, or other mechanism, the shed is
effected, to levers provided with a curved extremity, and the curve of which pre-
ferably corresponds to the radius or distance of the centre upon which the lever
moves. The lower part of the curved member of each lever is connected to a spiral
spring, which when at its maximum of tension is situated horizontally or nearly so,
and so that when the lever is lifted, the lower part of the curved member on rising
up to a horizontal position corresponding to the shed of the warp stretches the
spring during the first portion of its movement to the full extent, but ceases, or
practically ceases, to stretch it during the last portion of its upward movement by
virtue of the point of its attachment to the curved lever having reached a hori-
zontal or nearly horizontal position. In other words, the first portion of the lift of
cach lever is that during which the work of stretching the spring is performed, and
when the strain on the warp is least, whilst the latter portion of the lift of each
lever performs little or no additional work of stretching it, but merely sustains its
tension during the time of the greatest strain upon the yarn. The curved members
of the levers may be dispensed with and a straight arm inclined downwards from the
fulcrum substituted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Hanna at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1876.
DANIEL HANNA, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Civil Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES."
First. The simplyfying the machinery for producing certain sewed work and
stitching, commonly called the French vein or hem stitch, herring bone, cross stitch,
button hole work, and other like work done by the needle upon linen, cloth, or any
other suitable fabrics.
The machines more particularly alluded to and upon which these improvements
are proposed to be made are "Hanna's Patent Sewing Machines," A.D. 1870, No.
2593, and A.D. 1872, No. 637, but may be so arranged and adjusted to be attached
to the machines upon the "Thomas" or "Howe" principles.
"
On Hanna's machine, No. 637, above mentioned, I propose to do away with the
bevil gearing and head cams and to substitute instead levers which being acted upon
by cams, and put in motion by the spur and pinion wheels driven by external
appliances as usual.
These levers and cams are connected with or derive their motions entirely from
the spur wheel affixed to the countershaft, and hence equality of time and motion to
each particular part is obtained. The levers which act upon the rocking limb,
carrying the shuttle box being similarly in contact with the cam affixed to the
above-mentioned spur wheel will necessarily perform their motions in unison.
or lever at that end
Secondly. I also propose improving the "needle arm
which is in direct contact with the "needle slide" by the insertion of a swivel
notion to the "small limb" through which the needle slide pin passes.
دو
In the aforesaid improvements I do include all the necessary springs, either fore or
back, which are required to cause the levers, limbs, or other parts in motion to resume
their positions or otherwise as may be required.
And, lastly, I also propose another method of adjusting the motions of the needle,
and with it the "slide," by proportional levers attached to the body of the machine,
and working therein, operating upon the "slide bar" and hinged at head and limb in
which the needle slide is fitted; this arangement is acted upon and motioned by the
ordinary cam upon the countershaft for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Abraham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1876.
BENJAMIN ABRAHAM, of Poplar, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RAILWAY SIGNALS."
My Invention relates to railway signals for use more especially when the
ordinary visible signals are liable to be obscured by fog or snow.
My improvements in railway signals comprise an arrangement of mechanism for
sounding a bell upon the engine when the ordinary semaphore or other visible
signal is set at danger, the said mechanisin being operated by an arm pendent from
the engine striking 'other arms located in the permanent way, and raised into
position by connections with the same lever that works the ordinary semaphore, or
by an independent lever if preferred. There are two arms on the permanent way,
one at either side of the metals fixed on the same cross shaft and operated by the
same connections, there being two arms in order to actuate the bell at the side of
the engine whichever way the latter may be travelling. These arms which are
retained by springs are placed a sufficient distance in advance of the ordinary
semaphore signal with whose connections it is coupled by rods, chains, or otherwise,
so as to be set and unset simultaneously with the seinaphore.
The mechanism on the engine consists of a pendent rod or lever, hung so as to
be free to swing in a fore and aft direction, and whose upper end comes between
two levers jointed by slotted connections to the tail ends of two spring hammers
striking in opposite directions on a bell between them so as to be operated, the one
when the engine is travelling in one direction, and the other in the opposite
direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO BELTING, BANDS, AND ROPES FOR DRIVING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Lowndes and Edward
Wilkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February
1876.
RICHARD LOWNDES, Cotton Spinner, and EDWARD WILKINSON, Leather Dealer,
both of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster., "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO BELTING, BANDS, AND ROPES FOR DRIVING AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is the construction of belting, bands, and ropes for
driving, lifting, and other purposes, whereby such belting, bands, and ropes are
rendered stronger, lighter, and more durable than heretofore. Now this Invention
(which is particularly applicable to large main driving belts) consists in applying
one, two, or more strips of metal to the back of the belt or band in the direction of
its length. We prefer to construct the belt or band of leather, and the strips of
metal of finely tempered steel, and fastened thereto by rivets.
Instead of leather the belt or band may be formed of india-rubber or of a woven
fabric, or india-rubber and woven fabric combined. These metallic strips may also
be applied to flat hemp ropes for a similar purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jolin Wright Saunders at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May.1876.
JOHN WRIGHT SAUNDERS, of Hereford, in the County, of Hereford, Upholsterer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
My Invention consists in using improved spherical ball action for the rollers,
having spindles or axes passing in a horizontal direction through their centres, the
ball rollers being free upon the spindles or axes, which are suitably secured by
screwed ends into brackets fastened to the foot stock or plate, the use of springs or
sockets for the ball rollers being dispensed with. In cases where a pair of ball
rollers are arranged side by side, 1 keep them from contact with each other by
means of a loose button or collar upon the spindle or axis; I also prefer to use
lever buckles for the straps employed to fasten the skates. The ball rollers may be
fixed, a pair under the ball of the foot and a single one at the heel, or in the reverse
order to this, or three in a line with the long axis of the foot stock or plate, or four
ball rollers may be used if required.