IMPROVE- MENTS IN KITCHENERS AND SUCH LIKE FIREPLACES OR COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1885

page_text: I JONATHAN PEARSON of 141 and 143 High Street Notting Hill in the County of
Middlesex Ironmonger do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KITCHENERS AND SUCH LIKE FIREPLACES OR COOKING APPARATUS to be
as follows:
The invention relates to that class of fireplaces or cooking apparatus particularly
of the kitchener type which are convertible from "open fire" into "closed" fire-
places or vice versa at will.
The object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of such apparatus by
improved construction or arrangement of the parts.
For this purpose I construct the fire hole according to my invention with the
bottom or base plate thereto hollow or double with the space formed thereby
divided into a channel or channels arranged so that air which enters thereto at the
front or other opening left for the purpose, is caused to pass to and fro or in other
direction, so to take a tortuous or extended course under the fuel and be the longer
exposed to the heat thereof, until finally such air escapes at the side or other
openings out of these air flues of the apparatus into the smoke flues and to mingle
with the gases to heat the oven, or ovens, boiler or boilers or other parts to be
heated, before escape is permitted to the flue to the chimney and such escape of the
hot air is checked and rendered more circuitous or spread over the oven bottom or
surface to be heated by one or more striking plates arranged to obstruct direct flow
for exit. The bottom plate of the fire hole is in some cases made corrugated or
ridged and in others more or less flat, inclined or curved.
The sides of fire hole which for distinction I call the cheeks hereafter are formed
with a number of channels or openings giving means of communication between
fire hole and the smoke flues to afford passage of the gases of combustion down-
wards and upwards to and around the ovens or other parts to be heated but in
most cases shielded from actual contact of heated gases thereto by shield plates and
these shield plates may by means of gills have heating contact with the ovens
surface divisions of the flues being attained permanently by parts of the cheeks
reaching across the flues from side to side in places whilst temporary divisions and
diversions of currents of the products of the combustion of fuel are obtained by
means of hinged flaps or doors adapted to cut off side escapes to smoke Blues at the
Price 077

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upper part of the fire hole and below the hot plate when an open tire" is desired
or open them for a close fire. A smoke flue passes under a boiler arranged
rearward of the fire bole and upward behind it to the stack or otherwise to the
exit flue or one of them, the passage being controlled if so desired by a valve. The
fire hole forward of the boiler or part boiler rearwards thereof is coverable and
uncoverable by means of a plate or folding plates which conveniently may fold
back over the boiler for an "open fire," and a door into a smoke escape flue be
swung or drawn open to give free upward and rearward flow to the gases of the
fire, the raising or opening of the door also causing the opening of a flue valve
communicating with the opening or recess over the hot plate. Side flaps completo
the "hood" thus made.
The closed parts of the side cheeks of the fire hole are formed hollow or double
with openings at their lower parts for intake of cool air which after passing there-
through is also delivered in a more or less highly heated state after a more or less
tortuous or extended exposure to the heated surfaces of those channels, into the
smoke flue to aid in heating the oven or other parts.
The improvements are applicable to most existing arrangements of kitcheners
with comparatively little trouble or outlay but with great advantage and economy
in the results.

page_text: Cooking Apparatus.
I JONATHAN PEARSON of 141 and 143 High Street Notting Hill in the County of
Middlesex Ironmonger do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KITCHENERS AND SUCH LIKE FIREPLACES OR COOKING APPARATUS, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to that class of fireplaces or cooking apparatus particularly
of the kitchener type which are convertible from "open fire" into "closed" fire-
places or vice versa at will.
The object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of such apparatus by
improved construction or arrangement of the parts.
For this purpose I construct substantially according to the arrangements indicated
by the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 shews a front sectional elevation taken on the line A B of Figure 2.
Figure 2 shews a transverse section on the line E. F. of Figure 1.
Figure 3 a like section taken on the line G H of the same and Figure 4 shews
a horizontal section taken on the line C D of figure 1.
Figures 5 and 6 shew separately by side and cross sectional views respectively
one of the cheeks and Figures 7 and 8 shew by similar views a modification in the
construction of such cheeks as to direction of the channels for air a. Figure 9
shews an inverted plan view of the fire hole bottom with its covering plate
removed to indicate better the arrangement of the tortuous channels for the air a².
Figure 10 shews a modification thereof in which the air channels a² are arranged
at right angles to those in the preceding figure.
The arrangement of air passages a shew by Figure 9 accords with that of
Figure 1 and that of Figure 10 with that of Figure 2.
The fire hole a with space between the bottom or base plate a¹ thereto and the
under plate as leaving a hollow or double floor with the space formed thereby
divided into a channel or channels a² arranged so that air which enters thereto at
the front at according to Figures 9 and 10 (or it may be other opening left for the
purpose) is caused to pass to and fro (or in other direction) so as to take a tortuous,
or extended, course under the fuel in the fire chamber a and be the longer exposed
to the heat thereof, until finally such air escapes at the side at a³ (or it may be
other openings) out of these air flues a² of the apparatus into the smoke flues b¹
and to mingle with the fuel gases to heat the oven, or ovens b boiler c or boilers or
other parts to be heated, before escape is permitted to the flue d leading to the
chimney and such escape of the hot air is checked and rendered more circuitous or
spread over the oven bottom or surface to be heated by one or more striking
plates e arranged to obstruct direct flow of the heated current to the opening for
exit. The bottom plate al of the fire hole is in some cases made corrugated as is
indicated in section in Figure 1 or ridged and in others it may be more or less flat
according to Figure 2 or it may be more or less inclined or curved,

page_text: The portion as of the bottom of the fire space rearward of the plate a¹ is formed
of fire clay.
The side pieces of the fire hole (which for distinction I call the cheeks ƒ here-
after) are formed with a number of channels or openings f¹ giving means of com-
munication between the fire hole a and the smoke flues b¹ to afford passage for the
gases of combustion in the directions indicated in the drawings by the dotted line
arrows to distinguish them from the full line arrows which indicate the directions
of flow of the air before mixture with the smoke downwards and upwards, to, and
around the ovens b or other parts to be heated but in most cases shielded from
actual contact of heated gases thereto by shield plates and these shield plates may
by means of gills have heating contact with the ovens surface divisions of the
flues being attained permanently by parts f³ of the cheeks f reaching across the
flues 6 from side to side in places whilst temporary divisions and diversions of
currents of the products of the combustion of fuel are obtained by means of hinged
flaps or doors fshewn open in Figure 1 by full lines and closed by dotted lines
adapted to cut off side escapes to smoke flues b¹ at the upper part of the fire holes
and below the hot plate h h when an "open fire" is desired or open them for a
"close" fire, is a handle attached to a rod for turning these flaps f. In
employing the form of side cheeks shewn by Figs. 6 and 7 the binged flaps f' are
not required: A smoke flue d¹ passes under the boiler c'arranged rearward of the
fire hole and upward behind it at d to the stack; (or this course may be varied
otherwise) to the exit flue dor one of them, the passage being controlled if' so
desired by a valve. The fire hole a forward of the boiler c or part boiler is cover-
able for a "close fire" and uncoverable for open fire by means of a plate or folding
plates g shewn in Figure 2 in its open and folded position rearward of the fire and
over the boiler hot plates for "open fire" which plate conveniently may be folded
back over the boiler for an "open fire" and the door i into the smoke escape flue j
be swung up or drawn open to give free upward and rearward flow to the gases of
the fire to the flue d³ the raising or opening of the. door i also by means of the
connecting arm causing the opening of a perforated plate or flue valve sliding
on a perforated part so that when the openings coincide means is afforded for
communicating with the opening or recess k over the hot plate to permit escape of
any smoke or foul air to the flue d³. Side flaps at the side of the flap there-
with complete the "hood ".thus made. The folding plate g when shut down follows
the line of the hot plate at g* g* and makes that hot plate continuous and the
flap jis shut as well as the valve the fuel gases passing off sidewise to the flues b¹..
I are the bars, the top front bars being hinged as usual.
The closed parts f³f of the side cheeks f of the fire hole a are formed hollow
or double with openings (1) at their lower parts for intake of cool air which after
passing therethrough is also delivered at (2) in a more or less highly heated state
after a more or less tortuous or extended exposure to the heated surfaces of those
channels, into the smoke flue to aid in heating the oven or other parts..
In practice the cheek on each side of fire and forming the sides of the fire place as
described may be made of cast iron and provided with three or other number of
outlets, the top one to be the flue when the kitchener is used as a close fire range only,
when the kitchener is used as an open fire range the middle outlet allows the fire to
pass over the top, down the sides, across the bottom, and up the back of oven; the
bottom outlet allows the fire to pass down the side of oven, across the bottom, and up
the back, the door f' provided at top outlet is opened (or down) when the kitchener
is used as a close fire range, and closed (or up) when used as an open fire range.
Either of the two patterns of cheeks indicated, or a modification of them, are
provided (in addition to the fire flues f¹ described) with internal hot air chambers
through which the atmospheric air passes becoming heated by contact with the hot
cheeks and passing round the ovens with the fire from the middle outlet as above
described.
The slow combustion corrugated bottom either of cast. iron or fire brick on which
the fire burns, being as described constructed. with a space in its thickness which

page_text: admits the atmospheric air at one part and expels it at another (when heated by
contact with the heated walls) through an aperture into the descending flue of oven
(as shown by the arrows in Figure 1 of drawings) gives great heating facility.
The ventilator valve 2 is only required when the kitchener is used as a close fire
range and which is automatically shut on raising the hood j to make the kitchener
into an open fire range by the sliding bar i connected to the ventilator and the
hood j, the raising of the hood opening the ventilator but this may be varied.
The improvements are applicable to most existing arrangements of kitcheners
with comparatively little trouble or outlay but with great advantage and economy
in the results.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim in the construction or arrangement of the parts of kitcheners and such like
fireplaces or cooking apparatus is
1. The forming of the bottom of the fuel space hollow and divided to form air
passages or channels and, with or without corrugations on its upper side, as and for
the purposes substantially as described.
2. The side cheeks or walls of the fuel space with openings and hollow spaces or
air passages therein either with or without closable flaps at their upper parts as
and for the purposes substantially as set forth.
3. The combination of the hollow bottom and cheeks for the fuel space forming
means for heating the air before mixture with the fuel products substantially as
set forth.
4. The combinations of parts for effecting the conversion of the kitchener from
a close fire to an open fire or vice versa as set forth.
5. The combinations of parts for effecting the heating of air and the distribution
of the fuel gases for heating the kitchener as set forth.
6. The general combinations and arrangements of parts as herein set forth.
Dated thio 23rd day of Tan78QR