Improvements in the Method of and Means for Warming the Cylinders of Steam-engines.
Year: 1885

page_text: POTICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Means for Warming the
Cylinders of Steam-engines.
I, WILHELM SCHMIDT, of Braunschweig in the Empire of Germany, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the method of and means for warming
the cylinders of steam-engines and has for its object to prevent the condensation
of the steam in the cylinder, and consequent loss of power by conducting super-
heated steam or gases through the cylinder jacket.
Such highly heated gases are of more effect in bringing the cylinder jacket to a
temperature which prevents condensation in the cylinder, than by the exhaust or
boiler steam.
The boiler vapour heretofore employed for warming the cylinder, being always
at the temperature of the steam employed in the cylinder, caused during the
expansion and condensation periods, through the cylinder steam, a cooling of
the cylinder jacket, which could not be substituted perfectly by the boiler steam
possessing the same temperature.
By this invention the cylinder jacket is warmed by highly heated gases of a
higher temperature than the steam in the cylinder at the commencement, which
partly increases the possibility of the delivery of warmth and partly enables a
secure maintainance of the temperature of the steam jacket equal to the tempe-
rature of the steam at the commencement, that is to say, the temperature of the
cylinder jacket can be brought to and retained at the temperature of the steam in
the cylinder thus preventing any cooling of the same by the cylinder and a
consequent condensation.
In place of highly heated gases, highly boiling liquids, such as oil, etc, may be
employed and in all cases where the exhaust steam of the engine can be utilized
for motive power, such may be used to heat the highly boiling liquid or to draw
the fire gases through the cylinder jacket.
For such purpose therefore a steam injector may be particularly recommended
by which a quick circulation of the drawn gases (fire-gases), around the cylinder
jacket is obtained, in particular by locomotives, marine engines etc, where the jet
pipe already employed for the increase of the draft of the fire can be used for
drawing the fire gases through the cylinder jacket.

page_text: To facilitate an easy delivery of the highly heated gases drawn through, the
inner cylinder jacket, steam ports & cylinder covers are suitably provided with
rings.
The same may be constructed as follows:-The double jacketted cylinder is
constructed in such a manner that the inner jacket is as thin as possible in order to
conduct the warmth easily to the contents of the cylinder, and this thin jacket
which effectually permits the heating of the same, is still strong enough to resist
the pressure of the steam by forming flanges thereon.
A modification of this invention consists in supporting the thin inner cylinder
casing by means of rings formed on the outer jacket of the same, thus also resisting
the pressure of the steam in the cylinder.
The present invention has also for its object the better heating of the cylinder
which can only be obtained when the body of steam acting in the cylinder is
surrounded by a thin jacket permitting the warmth to penetrate easily. The
strong cylinder jackets heretofore used were not suitable for the delivery of
warmth to the steam cylinder, or not efficient to the extent required, by the
unavoidable cooling of the steam in the cylinder, caused by the expansion, if a
condensation of steam in the cylinder is desired to be obviated.
1
D

page_text: Cylinders of Steam Engines.
I, WILHELM SCHMIDT, of Braunschweig in the Empire of Germany, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the method of and means for warming
the cylinders of steam engines, and has for its object to prevent the condensation of
the steam in the cylinder and consequent loss of power by conducting superheated
steam, or gases, through the cylinder jacket.
Such highly heated gases are of more effect in bringing the cylinder jacket to a
temperature which prevents condensation in the cylinder, than by the exhaust or
boiler steam.
The boiler vapour heretofore employed for warming the cylinder being always
at the temperature of the steam employed in the cylinder, caused during the
expansion and condensation periods, through the cylinder steam, a cooling of the
cylinder jacket, which could not be substituted perfectly by the boiler steam
possessing the same temperature.
By this invention the cylinder jacket is warmed by highly heated gases of a
higher temperature than the steam in the cylinder at the commencement, which.
partly increases the possibility of the delivery of warmth, and partly enables a
secure maintainance of the temperature of the steam jacket equal to the tem-
perature of the steam at the commencement, that is to say, the temperature of the
cylinder jacket can be brought to and retained at the temperature of the steam
in the cylinder thus preventing any cooling of the same by the cylinder, and a
consequent condensation.
In place of highly heated gases, highly boiling liquids such as oil, etc, may be
employed, and in all cases where the exhaust steam of the engine can be utilized
for motive power, such may be used to heat the highly boiling liquid..or to draw
the fire gases through the cylinder jacket.
For such purpose therefore a steam injector may be particularly recommended
by which a quick circulation of the drawn gases (fire gases) around the cylinder is
obtained, in particular by locomotives, marine engines, etc, where the jet pipe
already employed for the increase of the draft of the fire can be used for drawing
the fire gases through the cylinder jacket.
And in order that my invention may be better understood I have caused to be
appended hereunto a sheet of drawings marked with letters of reference indicating
like parts throughout the various figures.
In carrying out my invention and to facilitate an easy delivery of the highly
heated gases drawn through the inner cylinder jacket, steam ports and cylinder
covers are suitably provided with rings flanges or ribs.
The same may be constructed as follows:-The double jacketted cylinder is
constructed in such a manner that the inner jacket c, see Fig. 1, is as thin as

page_text: possible in order to conduct the warmth easily to the contents of the cylinder, and
this thin jacket c, which effectually permits the heating of the same, is still strong
enough to resist the pressure of the steam, by forming flanges thereon, which fit
against the interior of the outer jacket m and form a rigid system of ribs, between
which, vapour or liquor is conducted for the aforesaid purpose.
Fig. 2 shows how the cylinder covers and steam ports may be provided with
ribs in a similar manner & for the purpose already described.
A modification of this invention consists in supporting the thin inner cylinder
casing c by means of rings 71, formed on the outer jacket m, of the saine, see
Fig. 3, thus also resisting the pressure of the steam in the cylinder.
The present invention has also for its object the better heating of the cylinder
which can only be obtained when the body of steam acting in the cylinder is
surrounded by a thin jacket permitting the warmth to penetrate easily.
The strong cylinder jackets heretofore used were not suitable for the delivery of
warmth to the steam cylinder or not efficient to the extent required, by the
unavoidable cooling of the steam in the cylinder, caused by the expansion, if a
condensation of steam in the cylinder is desired to be obviated.
The object of having a rapid and effective circulation of steam around the
cylinder may also be attained by forming annular compartments k by means of
rings between the two inner and outer jackets, the communication between these
same being arranged opposite to each other by means of openings o.
This causes a distribution of the steam around the cylinder c, in two semi-
circles, and subsequent entrance into the adjoining compartments.
-
These compartments may also be arranged longitudinally around the cylinder, as
shown in Fig. 4, in order that the steam passes along the ribs r, which latter do
not extend along the whole length of the cylinder, and cause the steam to return,
and pass around, and deliver beat to the cylinder in a zig-zag or tortuous manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
In stationary or locomotive steam-engines.
1st. The method of heating the cylinder and ports by means of superheated
steam and heavy boiling oil, for the purpose of preventing a cooling of the
cylinder substantially as set forth.
2nd. In the method specified in the preceding claim the employment of a steam
jet drawing the hot gases through the cylinder jacket as set forth.
3rd. The employment of a jacketted cylinder, the inner jacket of which is
strengthened through ribs formed externally thereon, or through ribs formed
internally on outer jacket, for the purpose of forming a thin and effectually
heatable, as well as strong, steam jacket, substantially as set forth.
Dated 2nd day of September 1886.
WILHELM SCHMIDT.
By Bosshardt & Grant,
Agents,
Manchester.