Improved Process of Manufacturing Fire Proof Stones, applicable also in the Manufacture of Blocks from Plastic Compositions of Coal, . Tar, and Clay, or the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1899
Complete Specification Left. 19th Mar.. 1900—Accepted. 19th May. 1900
Date of Application, 20th June, 1899
Complete Specification Left. 19th Mar.. 1900—Accepted. 19th Mav. 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Process of Manufacturing Fire Proof Stones, applicable also
in the Manufacture of Blocks from Plastic Compositions of Coal, .
Tar, and Clay, or the like.
CONRAD SCHNEIDER No. 9, Sudely Street, Islington, London, N., Commission
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It is of great importance in the manufacture of fire proof stones to apply the
highest possible pressure to the half dried raw material especially if the raw
material is to be formed when rather dry, by which pressure a very tight and
after the burning a very strong and durable stone is obtained, the shrinking by
burning is limited to a minimum the stones getting free from air, pores and
chasms to the utmost.
Hence the pressure is not done by one single operation, but the material is
exposed several times to a gradually increasing pressure, whereby the air, being
in the pores of the material is extracted.
There is
A complete abstraction of the air is not possible in the old manner.
always some air in form of bubbles remaining, being pressed into the material
by the one single pressure, and the air extending again, causes innumerable
chasms and pores in the stones.
I have now invented. a medium for the most possible abstraction of the air from
the raw material, thus obtaining quite a homogeneous stone, being utmost free
of pores and cracks. This medium consists in pressing the raw material with
quite a different apparatus to that of the ordinary press, namely with a "rolling
apparatus."
By several pressures first with low, then continually rising pressures, it is
possible to abstract a great part of the air from the stones. But according to
practical reasons these pressing operations cannot be repeated so often as to give
every following operation a considerably higher pressure to the previous one.
That is different by rolling. For instance: Is the mass to be pressed put on a
table, into a special form which is surrounded by spring-frames, and let the roller,
which is to be lowered every time passing, go to and fro over the mass, so gives
this a gradually raising pressure, and the air in the pores, which is only pressed
into the mass in the ordinary way, is hereby forced out of it by the sweeping
movements of the roller passing from one end to the other. Thus it is possible to
get the stones almost free from air by continually rolling for a length of time,
which renders the mass to a smaller volume, as well as giving it a higher tightness
inside..
Stones prepared in this manner, turn out to be much harder and tighter after
the burning, than those pressed in the old way, and are contrary to these almost
free from pores.
The construction of the roller can be different. Either one or several rollers
may be passed over a fixed table, or the roller may be fixed and the table movable,
or the mass may be drawn through two or several rollers.

page_text: This process is especially adapted for all sorts of stones, by which the highest
tightness is essential, and which have to be free of air to the utmost, as well as for
ordinary fire-proof stones, dina stones, magnesia stones and the like.
Further it is adaptable for the manufacture of carbon stones, stones to wall up
smelting furnaces, electric light carbons, such as used for electric lighting
apparatusses anodes, and the like, by which a suitable coal of different kind is
more or less worked with tar, clay, or other binding material, and which stand
the better against chemicals, the less pores they have.
I may mention that coals of the latter sort, as being used for electrolytical
purposes, may thus be rendered totally nonporous and resist "exceptionally well
against chemicals, and after coming out of the furnace, being soaked with hot
tar, while still in hottest condition, 'all and the last remaining pores will be entirely
closed.
Dated London this 20th day of June 1800
Improved Process of Manufacturing Fire Proof Stones, applicable also
in the Manufacture of Blocks from Plastic Compositions of Coal,
Tar, and Clay, or the like.
CONRAD SCHNEIDER, 9. Sudely Street, Islington, London, N., Commission
Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement: —
It is of great importance in the manufacture of artificial and fire-proof stones to
apply the highest possible pressure to the half dried raw material, especially if
the raw material is to be formed when rather dry, by which pressure a very tight,
and after the burning a very strong and durable stone is obtained, and at the
same time the shrinking of the stones by burning is limited to a minimum.
A complete abstraction of the air is not possible in the usual way of pressing
the raw material, there is always some air in form of bubbles remaining, being
pressed into the material by the one ordinary pressure and the air extending
again causes innumerable cracks and pores in the stones.
I have now invented a medium for the most possible abstraction of the air and
thus obtaining a harder and a more tight and durable stone, being utmost free of
pores and cracks. This medium consists in pressing the raw material with quite
a different apparatus to that of the ordinary press, namely with a rolling
apparatus."
For instance: Is the mass to be pressed put on a table into a special form
which is surrounded by spring. frames, and let a roller, which is to be lowered
every time passing, go to and fro over the mass, gives that a gradually increasing
pressure, and the air is hereby forced out by the sweeping movement of the
roller, passing from one end to the other. Thus it is possible to get the stones
free from air and pores to the utmost by continually rolling for a length of time.
which reduces the mass to a smaller volume, as well as giving it the highest
tightness inside.
The construction of the roller may be different. Either one or several rollers
may be passed over a fixed table, or the roller may be fixed and the table movable,
or the mass may be drawn through 2 or several rollers.
This process is especially adapted for all sorts of stones by which the highest
tightness is essential, such as ordinary fire-proof stones, dinard and magnesia

page_text: stones, stones to wall up smelting furnaces, carbon stones, electric light carbons,
and the like, by which a suitable coal of different kind is more or less worked
with tar, clay or other binding material and which stand the better against
chemicals the less pores they have.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
The process of manufacturing all different sorts of artificial stones is greatly
improved by rolling the raw material with any rolling apparatus instead of
pressing the raw material with an ordinary pressing apparatus.
Dated this 10th day of March 1000
CONRAD SCHNEIDER.