matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, IN APPARATUSES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND IN MANUFACTURING CERTAIN LIQUIDS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fordred at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1856. A communication.
I, JOHN FORDRED, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS, IN APPARATUSES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND IN MANUFACTURING CERTAIN
LIQUIDS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT," (partly communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to introduce into public use a peculiar
description of lamps and a compound fluid.
There are many inconveniences attending the use of oily and fatty bodies
in whatsoever form of lamp they are consumed, which are entirely obviated by
the adoption of the lamp and fluids about to be described.
I have found that, taking methylated spirit for a base, certain useful com-
binations, with other hydrocarbons, may be prepared and used for the pro-
duction of artificial light.
I construct lamps specially for burning the above with a reservoir for the
fluid, which I cause to rise to the desired height by wicks of the peculiar
construction hereafter described. When the spirit rises to the top of the wick,
it vaporizes, or gives off vapor, in the first instance, by heat conveyed to or
around the burner from a separate agent, but after the vapor has been ignited

page_text: the heat from the burner suffices to keep up the vaporization. The vapor
issues through orifices or apertures in the burner, the neck of which is so
arranged as to allow of the vapor being admitted to or cut off therefrom by
turning or moving a button or other like contrivance. The size and number
of apertures in the burner regulate the amount of light. The size of the
flame is also governed by checking the flow of spirit to the burner by pressure
on the wick or otherwise.
In or on the reservoirs I indicate the height to which they should be filled,
in order to guard against accidents from overfilling.
I prepare the combustible fluids which I employ by combining methylated
spirit with spirit of turpentine, or methylated spirit with rectified coal naphtha.
I also comibino inethylated spirit with the volatile hydrocarbons obtained in
tho distillation of schist, boghead coal, Trinidad pitch or tar, Rangoon tar, or
any other of the natural bitumens, solid or liquid. And for the purpose of
causing a combination of the above, I either add a small portion of camphor,
or I causo them to combine, by distillation, assisted by lime or potash.
The wicks for these lamps are prepared from cotton, asbestos, pumicestone,
spun glass, alone, or a combination of any two or more of them. I prepare
the wicks for uso in the lamp by previously encasing them in any thin metallic
or other suitable covering.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Slater, John Williams, and
Septimus Whitaker, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th August 1856.
We, GEORGE SLATER, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer,
and JOHN WILLIAMS, of the same Place, Overlooker, and SEPTIMUS WHITAKER,
of the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of our said Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as.
follows:-
Our Invention consists in a certain novel arrangement of apparatus, designed
for the purpose of preventing the concussion and shock of the working parts
of the loom, usually arising from the sudden stoppage of the loom, either when
the shuttle does not complete its course from one box to the other, or from
any other cause which may require the sudden stoppage of the loom. This
purpose is effected by means of a novel and peculiar formation of the
crank rod or arms, used as a connecting medium between the lathe or slay
and the main or crank shaft, and also by an arrangement of mechanism for
actuating these crank arms or rods at the time required. The crank rods or
arms are furnished at or near the middle of their length with a "knuckle" or
"rule "joint, and are keyed into a rod passing from side to side of the lathe
or slay in which the rod bears (thus forming the connection between the lathe
or.slay and crank shaft); the ends of this rod, projecting through the bearings,

page_text: are turned downwards or cranked, and are connected to two short levers or
fingers projecting forwards towards the cloth beam. They are retained by a
spring in such a position as to allow the crank or connecting rods or arms to
remain straight, with the "knuckle joint" unbent, whilst the loom is in
proper working order. But (for example) suppose the shuttle should not
complete its race, or any other obstruction should occur, the loom will be
suddenly stopped by the ordinary stopping motion, and the projecting lever or
finger will strike against a projection secured in a suitable position on the
framing of the loom, and force the cranked or turned down end of the rod
towards the back of the loom; this action will turn the rod slightly or partially
round, and give a lead to the "knuckle joints" of the crank armis or con-
necting rods, which will thus become bent upwards, and by releasing the
"knuckle," it will allow the crank-shaft and other parts of-the-loom-to-con-
tinue their revolutions and motions until they have dispersed and overcome by
their own friction the momentum which they had gained, and by thus
diminishing the concussion, necessarily consequent upon any accidental occur-
rence, will stop the loom gradually, and without the risk of breaking any part
of the machinery.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS, VELVET, SKINS, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adolphe Bonvallet, of No. 39, Rue de l'Echiquier,
Paris, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS,
VELVET, SKINS, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS."
Sealed the 21st November 1856, and dated the 31st May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adolphe Bonvallet at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st May 1856.
J, ADOLPHE BONVALLET, of No. 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, & 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS, VELVET,
SKINS, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My improvements consist in the employment of a very narrow border or rim.
made of a height proportionate to the effect to be obtained, made on the con-
tour of the vignette, which is cut out. The border is obtained either by the
galvano-plastic proces, by raising the contours of the vignette plate, or by
soldering, moulding, melting, or by pressure. The border may be of metal,
gutta percha, cardboard, plastic or other similar materials. By placing the

page_text: vignette on a long-napped woven fabric and applying a slight pressure, the
border is sunk into the thickness of the nap, by which divisions are made ou
different parts of the design, and the range of the liquid colour is limited.
The colour is placed on the fabrics with a brush, sponge, or by means of a
furnishing roller supplied with color.
For obtaining a variety of colors, several vignette plates are placed one after
the other on the fabric, and allow of applying the colours with precision and
clearness. In order that the impression may be satisfactory, the edges of the
plates are pierced with small holes, through which pass markers, fixed to the
table on which the impression is effected. The piece of fabric to be printed
should be thoroughly cleansed from impurities with which it may be charged
on leaving the weaver's loom. When properly prepared and dried it is stretched
on the printer's table by means of pegs. When a piece of the entire length
of the table is printed, the fabric is well stretched and passed through a heated
chamber.
The fabric when dry is submitted to the steaming process for fixing the
colors; it is then washed in the usual manner.
The above process, with slight modifications in certain cases, is equally
applicable for making impressions on velvets, skins, and other like materials.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING PAINTED CLOTHS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Burkin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th May
1856.
I, WILLIAM BURKIN, of Neate Street, Old Kent Road, Floorcloth Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING PAINTED CLOTHS, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain novel means whereby ground colors and
varnishes may be spread with great expedition upon cloths intended to be con-
verted into ornamental coverings for tables, floors, and other uses. The lengths
of cloth to be operated upon I form into endless webs or sheets by sewing,
or otherwise connecting their ends tegether. A sheet thus prepared I place
upon drums or rollers, which are mounted horizontally in a suitable frame.
One of these rollers I mount in adjustable bearings, in order to bring the cloth
to tension, and to permit of its being readily slackened when the cloth is
required to be removed from the machine. Rotary motion is communicated
to the cloth by driving the larger roller, over which it passes, and immediately
before this roller I mount a knife or scraper, which I adjust so that it shall
bear upon the upper face of the cloth and spread the color, varnish, or other
coating evenly over it. Below the cloth a bar is placed, provided with a

page_text: roughened surface, composed of two sets of parallel ribs, the one running in
one direction and the other in the opposite, for the purpose of putting friction
upon the cloth and drawing it taut in the direction of its width; or instead of
this, any other suitable arrangement may be employed to keep the cloth from
wrinkling. The paint or other substance is laid on the cloth with a trowel
in advance of the fixed scraper, and, rotary motion being given to the machine,
the cloth is drawn under the scraper and the paint is spread evenly on its
surface. To facilitate the removal of the cloth from the, machine the rollers
are set in open or loose bearings, and by lifting up the rollers at one end the
web of cloth is shifted off the rollers, and is then ready to be carried away to
the drying room.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PROPELLING VESSELS ON WATER
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Moses, of Cannon Street Road, East, in the
County of Middlesex, Brazier, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR PROPELLING VESSELS ON WATER."
Scaled the 20th February 1857, and dated the 23rd August 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Moses at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
August 1856.
I, ALEXANDER MOSES, of Cannon Street Road, East, in the County of
Middlesex, Brazier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PROPELLING VESSELS ON WATER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to transmit rotary motion to paddle-wheel or
other propeller shafts in barges and other floating vessels. On the propeller
shaft a pinion is keyed, and into this pinion gears a spur wheel, which is driven
by a ring of teeth of large diameter. This ring of teeth is attached to a
rotating disc or circular platform, mounted on an inclined shaft, which turns on
centre points carried by suitable framing in the barge or other vessel. Upon
this platform foothold is made for horses, which, on the principle of the tread-
wheel, will cause the rotation of the ring of teeth, and thus rotary motion will be

page_text: transmitted through the gearing to the propeller shaft. Instead of applying
horse power, I propose, where great speed is required, to employ a steam engine
for driving the ring of teeth, and thus to transmit motion to the propeller
shaft. It may be convenient, in some cases, to provide a double set of gearing
wheels for transmitting the motion from the central ring of teeth to the
propellers.
AN ANTI-PUTRIFACTIVE AND DISINFECTANT
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Francois Victor Larnaudès
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th September 1856.
I, JEAN FRANCOIS VICTOR LARNAUDES, of No. 2, Rue Gabrielle, Montmartre,
near Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN ANTI-PUTRIFACTIVE AND DISINFECTANT," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in combining in certain proportions sulphate of zinc,
sulphate of copper, and water. This mixture instantly absorbs poisonous and
deleterious gases, particularly sulphurretted hydrogen gas. It disinfects foul
water in the holds of ships, arrests the putrifaction of animal matter, and is
converted into and proposed to be used by me as a powerful manure, either by
itself or in combination with other substances.
A PHOTO-GAS, OR APPARATUS WITH AIR DRAUGHTS OF HOT OXYGEN WHEN APPLIED TO OIL LAMPS WITH WICKS, FOR LIGHTING & HEATING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Le Breton at the Office of
the. Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th Juno
1856. A communication from François Alfred Chatel Jeune, of Paris.
I, JULES LE BRETON, of No. 18, King's Arms Yard, Coleman Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A PHOTO-GAS, OR APPARATUS WITH AIR DRAUGHTS OF HOT OXYGEN WHEN APPLIED
TO OIL LAMPS WITH WICKS, FOR LIGHTING & HEATING," to be as follows:-
Photo-gas or metal apparatus with air draughts of hot oxygen when applied
to oil lamps with wicks, burning completely the carbured parts contained in
oils, giving a light comparatively finer & more powerful than that obtained
by any oil lamp at present known, consequently procuring an useful economy
in its application either for lighting or heating.
Vegetable, animal, or fish oils have not burnt satisfactorily in the lamps used
up to the present day, but by means of the aforesaid apparatus they are made
to do so perfectly well.
The apparatus, by its disposition, transforms all draughts of air existing in
lamps into draughts of hot air, thus causing all the carbured parts contained
in oils to be burnt to a state of gas. The absorption is complete. There
is no possibility of an escape of carbon, and the ignition is therefore without

page_text: odour. The result is, a whiter & brighter light, a greater lighting power, and
a saving in the expenditure of the matter consumed.
With regard to its heating properties, the apparatus, applied to an oil lamp,
will produce a strong heat, by which, at a small cost, rooms can be heated,
liquids warmed, and meat & vegetables cooked. The principle is the same
both for lighting and heating, only in the latter case the chimney of the
lamp must be of metal. The cleaning of the lampis not complicated by it.
The apparatus is simple and inexpensive in its manufacture; it can be
made of copper or any other metal. Its form is easily understood from the
designs & explanations annexed.
Design No. 1 shews the apparatus as seen in profile.
Design No. 2 shews the apparatus as seen "en coupe," that is to say, as
seen if cut in the middle from top to bottom, and shewing its hollow part.
The letter A on the design paper shews the lower part of the apparatus,
adapting itself to the "porte-verre" of the lamp.
The letter B shews the circle supporting the glass or chimney of the lamp.
The letter C shews the "manchon" of a conical shape, where the gas is
produced by the mixture of the hot air with the oil in combustion.

page_text: say the apparatus samas
it
in the middle from
Top To hollan and show-
ing its hollow part.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PIPES FOR SMOKING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephens at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August 1856.
I, JOHN STEPHENS, of Suffolk Place, in the City of Westminster, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
PIPES FOR SMOKING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to permit of fumes of tobacco being drawn
up into the mouth through ice, and to prevent the water, into which the ice
becomes gradually converted, from falling into the bowl of the pipe.
I fit into a pipe, tube, or stem, of sufficient capacity to hold a certain
quantity of ice, a removeable plug, having grooves round its outer edge, and
I introduce into the lower part of the tube a pipe of smaller diameter, leading
to the bowl, and resting at top against the plug, or fitting, but not tightly,
into a recess in the under part thereof. This pipe is tightly attached to the
larger stem or tube at the bottom of the latter by a cap fixed on the small
pipe, and screwing on to the tube, or by a joint, or otherwise. I use the pipe
for smoking as follows:-Having detached the small pipe and bowl from the
tube and taken out the plug, I put ice into the upper part of the tube,
replace the plug which comes against the bottom of the body of ice, introduce
the small pipe, the top of which comes against or into the bottom of the
plug, and screw or fix it at the bottom of the tube. The fumes of the tobacco

page_text: will be drawn from the bowl up the small pipe, between the outside of the
plug and the inside of the tube, through the ice, into the mouth of the smoker,
while the water into which the ice becomes converted, will drop down the
grooves in the plug outside the smaller pipe into the bottom of the tube,
whence it may be removed from time to time by unscrewing the small pipe
and cap, or by a valve, or through an orifice in the thread of the screw or the
cap or I form an orifice in the bottom of the tube, and pass a band or collar,
having also an orifice over the part where the small pipe and tube are con-
nected, so that by turning the band round, until the whole therein coincides
with that in the tube, the water may be removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aubin Emile Coullard Descos at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st January 1856.
I, AUBIN EMILE COULLARD DESCOs, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONSUMING SMOKE," to be as follows:-
The smoke-consuming hearth is composed of a chamber, having on its walls
three openings; the first for charging the fuel, the second one on the adjacent
wall for placing therein an horizontal twyer with a moveable inclination; this
twyer extends on the whole dimension of the wall where it is inserted. The
third one on the opposite wall of the twyer puts the chamber into communica-
tion with the flue by which the gaseous products escape. The chamber is
divided at about half its height into two compartments by an almost horizontal
grate. This grate does not take up the whole length of the chamber, & leaves
room for a passage, beneath which the twyer is blowing, the latter being
placed a little below the grate. A second vertically inclined grate, leaning on
the former, closes the opening of the escape flue. The fuel is put on the first
grate, kept back by the second one; it develops its smoke in the superior

page_text: chamber. This smoke is carried away by the current of air which escapes
from the twyer in the ash box; it mixes with the atmospheric air of the
same current, & passes again under the grate, where it is entirely consumed
by the contact of a distilled fuel in order to escape by the flues.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD
Year: 1856

page_text: cation
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Worssam and John Grist
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 31st October 1856.
We, SAMUEL WORSSAM, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
and JOHN GRIST, of Islington, in the same County, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD," to be as follows:-
In the forming or shaping of felloes for wheels and such like curved
surfaces we employ two band saws, set at such a distance apart as is necessary
for the depth of the article to be cut, and mount the blanks from which the
articles aro to be formed upon a revolving frame or platform, to which we
communicate motion by toothed or other suitable gear. The band saws are
carried over drums and work in the same plane. For cutting doublets,
tonguers, and other like curved articles, the frame which carries the wood
or blank is furnished at bottom or in any other suitable part with a pin or
stud, which is caused to follow a groove, corresponding with the form to be
given to the article to be cut, made in a bed or table upon which the frame
As in the previous case the band saw works in the same plane. In
the cutting of ships' timbers and others from curved or irregularly-shaped
wood, we employ band saws, as before, and cause the wood to advance to

page_text: the saws, and always in the direction of the grain, or as nearly so as may
be, by supporting guiding friction rollers, placed above, below, and, if need
be, at the sides of the wood. In the cutting of staves we employ band or
circular saws, or saw blades, mount the wood upon a carriage provided with
excentric toothed pinions, which are caused to travel along a toothed rack.
The saw, as in the previous cases, moves in the same plane. For cutting
spokes and other like curved articles we employ a lathe bed, in which the
blank to be cut is fixed, and cause the bed to oscillate in the direction of
its breadth, so as to offer different sides to a cutter made to travel in a line
parallel with the oscillating bed; or we employ a stationary bed and two
cutters, one to travel over and the other under the wood, and make the
cutters in such forms as will suit the curves to be given to the article to be
formed. In the last-named two cases, instead of the cutters travelling, the
wood may be made to travel to them.
In the sawing of ships' timbers, we sometimes employ two or more band
saws, connected together in such manner as to act as one saw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL ORGANS, BOTH SEDENTARY AND PORTABLE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Anciaume at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1856.
I, CHARLES ANCIAUME, Organ Maker, of No. 15, Quay Bourbon, in the
City of Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL ORGANS, BOTH SEDENTARY AND PORTABLE," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the new application of the pipes marked A
on the annexed Drawing, and which I call fifth-tone pipes (quinte à tons),
and which are placed outside and in the front of organs either portable or
fixed. By means of these pipes I obtain a perfect imitation of the flute and
flageolet.
The annexed Drawing represents the method of application of said pipes to
the front of a portable organ. These pipes derive their tone from the mouth
B, as well as from their shape and size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. MACHINERY FOR MOULDING AND PRESSING ARTIFICIAL FUEL AND PLASTIC SUBSTANCES, AND FOR DRIVING THE SAME FROM THE MOULDS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Dehaynin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December,
1856.
I, FELIX DEHAYNIN, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
MACHINERY FOR MOULDING AND PRESSING ARTIFICIAL FUEL AND PLASTIC SUBSTANCES,
AND FOR DRIVING THE SAME FROM THE MOULDS," to be as follows:-
My machinery consists of a pair of wheels set vertically, with recesses, which
form the moulds on the periphery of one wheel, and with projections which
One wheel
act as pistons or plungers upon the periphery of the other wheel.
is free to slide to and fro in its bearings, to which pressure is applied in order to
force the projections more or less into the moulds by weighted levers.
the back of each recess is a plate with a stem, which works through the back
of the recess. The wheels are made to revolve in contrary directions and
gear into one another.
At
The substance to be moulded or pressed is fed in over the top of the wheels,
fills the moulds, and becomes pressed and moulded by the projections on one
wheel entering the recesses in the other. After the pressure, the wheel with
the recesses brings the stems of the plates in the recesses in contact with a
cam or projecting surface on the frame of the apparatus, which drives forward
the plates, and consequently discharges the contents of the moulds.
A second projecting surface catches the stems, and restores the plates to
their original position at the back of the recesses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WHEELS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the ame prescrew
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Paton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1856.
I, WILLIAM PATON, of Springvale, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WHEELS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of railway
wheels composed of metal and wood combined, so as to be both durable and
pleasant in working.
In one modification of railway wheel, made according to this Invention, the
nave and arms or spokes are of wrought iron forged in one piece. The arms
are flat, and the rim portions which they carry for receiving the tyre are
formed with deep external flanges on one side; these edge flanges are on the
side on which the tyre flange is ultimately to be placed, and with the circum-
ferential rim portions they form a recess for a wooden rim or felloe portion
which encircles the rim portions of the spokes. This wooden felloe portion is
retained in position by transverse bolts, passed through the wood and through
the edge flange of the felloe rim portions. The wood being put on in pieces, is
clamped and bound up by an iron hoop, which is shrunk on outside the wood.
The actual running tire, which is formed with a short edge flange on its inner

page_text: plain edge, is then put on over the binding hoop, and this completes the
wheel. The inside edge flange on the tire protects the tire from the lateral
blows arising during running, and the whole forms a substantial and useful
wheel.
According to another modification, the nave and arms are of cast iron, but
the wood is interposed at the felloe portion in the general manner, herein-
before described..
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FURNACES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Homfray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1856.
I, GEORGE HOMFRAY, of Ruabon, in the County of Denbigh, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN FURNACES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the interposition of a lining of fire brick, or other
bad conductor of heat, between the fire and the boiler, so as to reverberate the
heat, raise the temperature of the grate or chamber where the process of
combustion is carried on, attain a more complete combustion, and prevent the
injurious action of the flame upon the plates and rivets of the boiler.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIXING OR FASTENING RAILS OR RAILWAYS IN THEIR CHAIRS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wharton Rye at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May 1856.
I, WHARTON RYE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIXING OR FASTENING RAILS OR RAILWAYS IN THEIR CHAIRS," to be as
follows:-
In one side of an ordinary cast iron railway chair is inserted a wrought
iron screwed nut (or nuts), in which works a screw bolt (or bolts), the head
of such bolt being screwed against an intermediate block or plate for holding
the rail, which block or plate is so constructed as to fit the outside or shape
of the rail, and dispenses with the use of wooden or other wedges. Between
the rail and the bottom, or that part of the chair upon which the rail usually
rests, a space is left so as to keep the rail suspended between the side of the
chair and the fitting block or plate. By this means the under side of the rail
is preserved from wear or injury, nor can the surface of such under side be in
any way rendered unavailable for further use, which is the case when the rail
is allowed to rest or bed upon the bottom of the chair, as in the ordinary
method of fixing or fastening rails; or, if preferred, the rail may rest or bed
in the chair in the ordinary way..
MANUFACTURING A SAFETY BOILING APPARATUS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Schneider and Frederick
Leiss at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 8th May 1856.
We, CHARLES SCHNEIDER and FREDERICK LEISS, of Hesse Darmstadt,
Germany, now residing at 110, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "MANUFACTURING A SAFETY BOILING
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is for manufacturing a safety boiling apparatus, made of tin
or any other metal, wood, glass, or any other suitable material.
The safety boiling apparatus is put into the vessel wherein the liquid is
boiling, and, owing to its peculiar construction, founded upon physical laws,
prevents the over going of the liquid substance, and consequently saves the
operation of boiling from any waste. By its safety, and other advantageous
qualities, it is peculiarly adapted for the use of boiling milk, oil, pitch, tar,
varnish, or any other liquid over boiling substance. The boiling fluid, when
reaching the highest degree, mounts the interior of the tube, and overflowing
at the top, is compelled, by a plate with a flat surface, of stopping a little
while, and thus, exposed to the atmosphere, getting cool, flows back into the
vessel wherein the apparatus is placed, and checks in that manner the boiling
liquid and prevents it from overflowing. By that means the liquid might be
always kept boiling without the least fear or danger. The safety and con-

page_text: spicuous advantages, combined with great cheapness, tends to make the
apparatus particularly suited for public use.
The manufacturing of the safety boiling apparatus consists in constructing
a conical tube of different size and different metals, wood, glass, &c. The
under part of the conical tube is cut out in a way that it leaves two or more
points whereon the apparatus stands in the vessel, and allows the liquid to
penetrate in the interior of the tube. On the top of the tube is a small
opening left in order to allow the boiling fluid to flow over. A flat or curved
plate, with or without little channels on the edge, is fixed on the top, from
which the liquid flows back into the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bertram at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th December
1856.
I, JAMES BERTRAM, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to bo as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the so arranging and constructing steam engines of
the condensing class, that the air pump ordinarily employed for preserving a
vacuum in the condenser during the working of such engines is dispensed
with. In accomplishing this end, one or more condensers are used for cach
engine; but when a single condenser is used in connection with a horizontal
engine, for which class the Invention is peculiarly well suited, the condenser is
situated directly beneath the longitudinal centro of the horizontal steam
cylinder.. This condenser is a vertical one, resembling an expanded pipe, and
its upper duct communicates with the exhaust port of the steam cylinder in
the usual manner. This condenser is fitted with a cold-water injection jet of
the ordinary kind, and it has also a lateral branch pipe with a species of
snifting valve upon it opening outwards. At the bottom of the condenser
there is a wide discharge duct, governed by a valve opening downwards, and
kept up to its face by a spring. This duct opens out into the external
atmosphere.
The action of the engine so fitted is this:-When the steam cylinder piston

page_text: arrives at the end of its stroke the exhaust port is opened in the usual
manner to allow the steam in the cylinder to escape into the condenser; here
it meets with the injection jet of cold water, and is hence more or less con-
densed as it enters the condensing chamber; the piston then beginning
to return, by the action of fresh steam from the boiler upon its opposite
end, whatever used steam remains in the cylinder from the previous stroke
is suddenly driven down into the condenser, and its shock opens the foot
valve of that chamber, allowing the water collected there to be driven
out whilst any air escapes by the small snifting valve. As the engine
proceeds in its action this system goes on, and whilst the injection water
partially condenses the exhausted steam, the shock or sudden pressure, at each
fresh steam action upon the piston, opens the bottom valve of the condenser
and discharges the contents thereof. Instead of relying upon this species of
self or automatic action of the condenser valve, provision may be made for the
proper and predetermined periodical opening of such valve by the motion of
the engine itself. Similarly, the injection valve for the cold water may be
opened and closed by the engine at proper intervals. When two condensers
are employed, one is put in communication with each end of the steam
cylinder, so that they work alternately, thus affording longer time for conden-
sation of the used steam. This arrangement is suitable for all classes of
engines, but especially for those with horizontal cylinders, to which air pumps
are somewhat difficult of adaptation.
A HEAT EXTRACTOR FOR EXTRACTING THE HEAT FROM THE SMOKE OR HEATED GASES IN ITS PASSAGE FROM BOILERS, STOVES, OR FURNACES TO THE CHIMNEY, AND RENDERING THE ECONOMISED HEAT AVAILABLE FOR DRYING AND WARMING PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: his invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hazard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1856.
I, ROBERT HAZARD, of No. 1, Thanett Place, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Warming and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for A HEAT EXTRACTOR FOR EXTRACTING THE HEAT FROM
THE SMOKE OR HEATED GASES IN ITS PASSAGE FROM BOILERS, STOVES, OR FURNACES
TO THE CHIMNEY, AND RENDERING THE ECONOMISED HEAT AVAILABLE FOR DRYING
AND WARMING PURPOSES, to be as follows:-
The heat extractor consistes of a number of pipes either of iron or any
other suitable material, the number and size deturmined in proportion to
the square of the furnace barrs and the space to be heated. These pipes are
secured at each end to iron plates, with sockets corisponding to the number of
pipes, allso furnished with cleansing soot door, convenianly placed for cleansing
the interior of the pipes. The extractor is placed in a brick chamber near the
boiler, stove, or furnace, and the smoke and heated gases are made to pass
through the pipes before entering the chimny. The fresh air is then brought
into the bottom of the chamber, becomes warmed by coming in contact with
the external surface of the pipes, and passes off into the room requiring artifical
heat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING AND BURNING BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CLAY
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Nourisson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July 1856.
I, ALFRED NOURISSON, of 10, Rue des Petites Ecuries, Paris, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING AND BURNING
BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CLAY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a peculiar arrangement of kiln for drying and
burning bricks and other articles of clay. The kiln consists of a furnace and
a series of chambers which are heated successively by the furnace. The bottom
of these chambers is formed in sections, which are moveable and can be
transferred from chamber to chamber. The bricks or other articles are, when
moulded, loaded on to a carriage, which moves through a drying stove, and
when the articles thereon are sufficiently dried, the carriage is transferred to
one of the moveable sections of the bottom in the first of the chambers heated
by the furnace, and from thence it moves onwards until it arrives in a chamber
formed like the body of a reverberatory furnace, where the articles which it
supports are exposed to the full heat of the furnace; afterwards this section of
the bottom descends to a cooling chamber, through which a current of air
passes, and it is this air which heats the drying stove previously mentioned.
In place of causing the section of the bottom to descend, with the bricks or
articles thereon, to a cooling chamber below, the cooling chamber may be

page_text: placed beyond the furnace, such furnace being mounted on a carriage, so that
it can be moved out of the way to allow the sections of the bottom to pass;
or two small furnaces, one on each side of the bed, may be employed. Some-
times, in place of heating the kiln by fuel burned on a grate, the fuel is
placed (with the articles to be dried and burned) on the moveable sections of
the bottom, and it becomes ignited as the articles pass through the kiln, and
the combustion is regulated by dampers, which increase or diminish the supply
of air.
AN IMPROVED HORSE HOE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May 1856.
I, JOSEPH CLARK, of Buckskin Farm, Basingstoke, Hants, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HORSE HOE," to
be as follows:-
The Figure 1 represents, in side elevation, my improved horse hoe. a is
the body of the instrument; b, the beam, supported at the foremost end by
two wheels, c, connected to a frame d, so as to admit of raising or lowering the
beam; e is a point, attached to the fore part of the body a; and f (shown in
plan in Figure 2) is a share, attached to the hinder part of the body; g is the
head gear, and h the handles.
AN IMPROVED COVER FOR GUNPOWDER AND OTHER CANISTERS AND VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Enthoven at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1856. A communication.
I, FREDERICK ENTHOVEN, of Moorgate Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COVER FOR GUNPOWDER AND OTHER CANISTERS AND VESSELS," (communicated to
me by C. Enthoven, of the Hague, a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as
follows:-
This improved cover is constructed as follows:-A rim, grooved or recessed
on its outer circumference, is rivetted, screwed, or otherwise fastened to the
inside of the case; this rim is formed with a vertical flange on its inner
circumference. Into this rim a lid or plate is fitted, the inner circumference
of the rim and the outer edge of the lid being turned true to fit each other
exactly. Two or more hooked pins are connected to the rim, one or more
opening to the right, and the other or others to the left; under these hooks fit
two or more arms diverging from the centre of the lid, and forming at their
centre or at the point where their inner ends converge a ring or collar screw,
threaded on the inside, through which passes a short screw, connected at bottom
to the lid, and having a thumb piece or handle at top. On turning the screw
in one direction, say to the right, the arms become engaged in the hooks, and

page_text: .
framing with those which correspond with catches at each side thereof. In
the screw forces down the lid tightly, and keeps the opening closed. On
turning the screw in an opposite direction, the arms cease to bear against the
hooks, and the lid is loosened 'from the rim. For some purposes a packing
may be used between the rim and cover.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF CLOCKS OR TIME- KEEPERS, ACTUATED BY ELECTRICITY, TO STREET AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1856

page_text: This invention received Irovisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Constantin Louis Detouche and
Jean Jacques Emile Robert Houdin, j', of Paris (Empire of France), at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
23rd July 1856.
We, CONSTANTIN LOUIS DETOUCHE and JEAN JACQUES EMILE ROBERT
HOUDIN, j', of Paris, (Empire of France,) do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF CLOCKS OR TIME-
KEEPERS, ACTUATED BY ELECTRICITY, TO STREET AND OTHER LAMPS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in electric clocks, and in their application
to street and other lamps, for the purpose of indicating time in streets and in
large establishments, consists, first, in placing an electro-magnet in the upper
framing of the lamp so as to be hid thereby; opposite to each end of the electro-
magnet I place a bell crank lever of soft iron, which vibrates on its axis at the
angle; a single connecting rod is jointed to one arm of each of these levers,
while the opposite ends of the levers are presented to the action of the magnet.
This connecting rod moves through guides and is furnished with a pall, which
engages with the teeth of a ratchet wheel, whose axis communicates through
the medium of a pinion with the wheel on the axis of the minute hand of the
clock, or with other suitable part of the train; conducting wires are placed
in communication with the lamp clocks so fitted, which transmit the electrio

page_text: currents, regulated by a standard clock, to produce the action at the proper
times. Every time the electro-magnet is excited by the action of the
current, it attracts the bell crank levers, the connecting rod from which
communicates an amount of rotary motion to the ratchet wheel and so to the
clock hands, whereby they are moved forward a distance equivalent to indicate
the time elapsed. Whatever may be the number of dials they are all placed
in communication with the standard clock by the circuit wires.
Another part of our improvements refers to the arrangement of the dial,
which is placed inside the exterior glass of the lamp; the minute wheels are
confined within another curved glass interior of the lamp, which is ground or
painted or stained, and so inclined and arranged as to allow a sufficient space
at the top of the lantern for lodging the electro-magnet and other parts, its
lower part nearly touching the dial. This form, and grinding or painting the
glass, prevents the mechanical fittings casting a shadow on the dial.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS AND CARRIAGES, AND IN SIGNALS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alfred Jowett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
February 1856.
I, HENRY ALFRED JOWETT, of Kentish Town, London, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS
AND CARRIAGES, AND IN SIGNALS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in producing nearly an instantaneous effect or
stoppage of the wheel of the break-van, or other wheels to which the novel
and improved apparatus may be applied, by a combination of two agents
operated upon by a power created or obtained by the rotatory motion of the
wheels of that carriage upon which the machinery is placed, as follows:-I
propose to secure to the timper of the break-van, underneath the bottom or
boarding, a wrought-iron vessel rivetted together, and capable of bearing a
pressure of 100 or 150 pounds to the square inch. To this vessel I should
attach a strongly made air-pump, with a plunger or piston and a connecting
rod attached to it and to the strap or band of a small eccentric upon the axle
of the wheels for pumping air into the aforesaid vessel, and thus I obtain an
unlimited power of compressed air. From the above air vessel I propose to
carry a strong iron or brass tube to the top of the carriage, and to the end of
said tube I attach a steam whistle, thereby enabling the guard to communicate
readily with the engine driver; and if requisite, I employ a metal tube placed

page_text: on the roof of each intermediate carriage between the last van or break and
the engine, and between each carriage-I place a flexible tube of india-rubber
or other suitable material and an elastic, socket or metal bayonet joint, that
when the train is put together a direct line of communication may be established
between the last carriage or break and the engine, by means of a whistle
placed within about three feet of the driver and a code of signals; I also
propose to carry a branch tube with a stop cock to a cylinder of about twelve
inches diameter, with a piston fitted water-tight, the rod of which is connected
to the lever of the axle, which is now acted upon by rack pinion wheel and
screw to press tightly the wooden blocks against the tyres of the wheels.
The cylinder, above mentioned, I propose to use cither with or without water,
as may be desired, and by opening the stop-cock a pressure of at least one
hundred pounds to the inch may be instantaneously brought into action upon
the piston and blocks and wheels connected therewith, by means of a stop-
cock formed with three ways, to shut which stops the communication with the
compressed air vessel, and opens a third way for a spring to return the piston,
and removing the pressure of the blocks from the wheels, and also to allow the
compressed air between the piston and stop-cock to escape.
"