matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STANDS FOR SUPPORTING CROCHET REELS WHEN IN USE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Dean Aked at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1855.
I, ROBERT DEAN AKED, of No. 28, Matilda Street, Caledonian Road,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STANDS FOR SUPPORTING
CROCHET REELS WHEN IN USE" to be as follows:-
The novelty of these improvements consists in a new mode of supporting
the reel in the stand so as to reduce the friction of the parts upon which the
reel turns when in use, and by these means to enable the material to be drawn
therefrom freely at all times instead of by jerks, as heretofore.
The means by which these improvements may be effected are as follows:-
I employ a flat stand to which are affixed two uprights with screwed holes in
them through which screws pass, the ends whereof are pointed, and are
employed to support the axis or axes upon which the reel is placed and
revolves, the construction of said axis or axes being as follows:-I employ a
small tube of metal, or a piece of wire somewhat longer than the reel which
is to be placed thereon; this tube or wire has a screw or thread formed around
the ends thereof, upon which fit conical-shaped plugs, between which the reel
is tightened and securely held, and finally the points of the aforesaid screws
are advanced into the open ends of the tube, and the reel thereby supported;

page_text: or instead of the aforesaid plugs, solid plugs may be employed and used
independant of the above-mentioned tube of metal or piece of wire, and when
this is the case there should be a small hole made in the outer end of each
plug to receive the pointed ends of the screws employed for supporting the rail.
I would remark that the above-mentioned principle of construction applies
more particularly to stands when used horizontally. In constructing a vertical
stand, I employ either a piece of wire pointed at that end upon which it turns
with the reel placed thereon, or I employ a similar arrangement to that before
. described, excepting that I make one of the centres or screws fixed and the
other moveable. I also propose with the above-mentioned vertical stand to
employ guide rails, or a plate with a hole or slot in it, for guiding the material
off the reel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND REAPING CORN, GRASS, AND OTHER CROPS
Year: 1855

page_text: nvention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Crosskill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April 1855.
I, ALFRED CROSSKILL, of Beverley, in the County of York, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND REAPING CORN, GRASS, AND OTHER CROPS," to be as
follows:
Firstly, in applying to the axles of all reaping machines which have their
machinery driven by two wheels running upon the ground, excepting only to
suchi machines as 'cut the corn, grass, or other crops, by means of serrated.
zig-zag cutters having a reciprocating action, or by means of many pairs of
smooth-edged shears (one shear of each of which pairs turns upon a pivot), an
arrangement of ratchet wheels, which will enable the two driving wheels to
revolve independently of each other when they are both driving the working
parts of the machine. This is effected by constructing both driving wheels
in such manner that they can revolve freely round their axles, and each
wheel carries a paul or catch, which fits the teeth of a small ratchet wheel
fastened to the axle. The teeth of the ratchet wheels are constructed in
such manner that when the machine is going forward, the pauls or catches on
the driving wheels fall into them and cause the axles to revolve'; but when the
driving wheels revolve in the opposite direction, the catches or pauls pass over
the teeth of the ratchet wheels without communicating motion to the axles.

page_text: Secondly, in applying to all reaping machines which have the heighth of the
cutters adjusted by means of two front wheels placed one on each side of the
framework of the machine, an arrangement of levers by which they may easily
be regulated.
Thirdly, in connecting the poles or shafts to reaping machines which are
propelled by horses walking behind them, in such manner that the ends of the
pole or shafts which are attached to the framework of the machine can be
raised or lowered.
Fourthly, in suspending the fan or reel of reaping machines which can
deliver the cut corn on either side of them in such manner that it can be
raised or lowered by means of a lever.
Fifthly, in attaching a revolving fan or reel for facilitating the cutting and
gathering of the corn, to all reaping machines which cut by means of one
circular revolving cutter, or by means of a series of knives, teeth, blades, or
cutting edges attached to a revolving annulus or ring.
Sixthly, in applying to reaping machines which have cutters as described in
the last clause a new description of framework for holding fixed gaurds
against which the cutters act, which framework is arranged in such manner
that the machine shall be well balanced, and also that the powers of the horses
when they follow the machines shall be exercised towards the main axles
which carries them.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN ACCOUNT BOOKS AND OTHER LARGE BOOKS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given wunin the came
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Linsey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1855.
I, JOHN HENRY LINSEY, of 33, Coleman Street, City, Account Book Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ACCOUNT BOOKS AND OTHER LARGE BOOKS" to be as follows:-
The features of novelty of these improvements consist, first, in combining
metal springs with a thin metal back, to give the back elasticity and preserve
its shape.
Second, in combining millboard with the metal back, to prevent the edges
of the metal from cutting the leather or other material with which same is
covered.
Third, in the use of longitudinal springs binged to the covers, to assist in
throwing the book open, and thus to keep those leaves which are nearest the
beginning and end of the book flat when the book is opened.
Fourth, covering the outside of the metal back with linen or other suitable
material, and securely fastening the same between the millboards, of which the
cover is made, previous to placing the outer or finishing cover over the back
and covers of the book.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC GLASSES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July 1855.-
A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC GLASSES," communicated by Louis
Samson, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The "panes" or "plates" to be made are of two kinds, one vitrified and
the other not; the latter are composed of two transparent or translucid
glasses, colored or not. The proof is obtained on one of these glasses by
means of a very delicate preparation of albumine and collodien, permitting
it to retain great transparence, so as to enable it to support with facility
the subsequent operations. To obtain "positive" proofs on the above, I
arrange the types in a framing so as to form a group; this frame is placed
behind a second, furnished with drawings or designs corresponding to the
types aforesaid forming a whole, the parts of which may be varied at pleasure.
The transfer apparatus is furnished with powerful lenzes, and being placed in
position, receives the glass prepared as aforesaid with albumine and collodien,
on which the light will act in a direct manner, traversing the designs and types
aforesaid. The production is now "positive;" it may be taken of any size by

page_text: panes of
merely advancing or withdrawing the apparatus. The transfer will be found
complete, as from the facility of arrangement the area of the framing is always
parallel with that of the glass, and invariably in the same axis. The lenzes are
large, and possess a curve, which will prevent any mal-transfer. The
glass so ornamented should not be confounded with those of the stereoscopic,
as they may be exposed to the action of light, the sun, or frost, without the
least change taking place. To vitrify these panes, they may be submitted to a
high temperature, so as to volatilize the albumine or collodien; the silver
(reduced) will penetrate into the glass (liquified on its surface), leaving thereon
a scarcely visible design or image of a dirty yellow color. To turn this into
'bistre," it is necessary to combine therewith that which is obtained by the
vitrification of colcothar or oxide of iron, and for this purpose the employ-
ment of protosulphate of iron will be found most serviceable as a means of
developing the image or design, as the oxide of iron and silver and a small
quantity of sulphur of silver, which are formed during the vitrification, gives to
the proof a sufficient strength of color.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AN OIL AND PARAFFIN FROM A MATERIAL NOT HITHERTO USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February 1855.
I, EDWARD DAVIES, of Liverpool, Oil Refiner and Distiller, of the firm of
Davies, Syers, & Co., of Liverpool, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AN OIL AND PARAFFIN FROM
A MATERIAL NOT HITHERTO USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of subjecting the matter lately brought from the
Burmese empire, and may hereafter probably be found in and brought from
other countries, called "earth oil," to the process of distillation, and separating
the more fluid from the more solid products; the more fluid oil being very
suitable for machinery as well as other uses; the more solid being paraffin,
more or less pure. For this purpose the crude earth oil is first subjected to
concentrated sulphuric acid, and is then distilled by heat in a suitable still or
retort; the distilled products being condensed, as is well understood. The
first products are the more fluid, and the paraffin comes towards the end of the
process. The residue in the still or retort is of a pitch-like character.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1855

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Atherton and William Boyes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 16th August 1855.
We, JOHN ATHERTON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, & WILLIAM BOYES, of the same Place, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING" to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to certain improved systems or modes of locking the
reed of a loom at the time of beating up, and consists in the employment of a
transverse bar running along the entire back of the lathe and sliding vertically
in brackets or guides. This bar bears against a second bar, behind the lower
frame of the reed or against the reed itself, and is kept pushed up by springs
underneath it when the reed is to be locked.. Two or more inclined slides
work transversely through the lathe, their inclined edges bearing upon anti-
friction pulleys on the transverse locking bar, whilst their front ends project
out beyond the front of the lathe, being held out by springs. As the lathe
moves towards the cloth for the purpose of beating up, the ends of the inclined
slides strike against fixed buffers or stops attached to the front of the loom,
and the slides being thereby pushed back, the inclines receed from the anti-
friction pulleys on the locking bar, and allow it to rise by the action of the

page_text: springs underneath, thereby locking the reed effectually at the moment of
beating up. As the lathe receeds again, the slides are drawn out again by
their springs, and the inclines, by passing over the pulleys on the locking bar,
depress it, and release the reed.
Another arrangement consists in connecting the locking bar by links at each
end to two levers on the slay stop rod. The front ends of these levers are
inclined, and when the lathe moves forward to beat up, they slide under
stationary fingers attached to the back of the breast beam, thereby raising the
opposite ends of the levers, and allowing the locking bar to rise by the action
of springs, which force it upwards and cause it to lock the reed. When the
levers leave the fingers on the backward stroke of the lathe, the locking bar
releases the reed, it being drawn down by the action of two other springs
stronger than the first, which force up the inclined ends of the levers, and con-
sequently draw down the ends connected with the locking bar, which slides in
suitable guide brackets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS REFLECTORS FOR GAS AND OTHER ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Felton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July 1855.
I, THOMAS FELTON, of Edgbaston Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Glass Chandelier and Lustre Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS REFLECTORS FOR GAS
AND OTHER ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS" to be as follows:-
Fig. 1 of the Sheet of Drawings annexed represents a section, and Fig. 2
an external view, of my improved glass reflector. The part a, a, surrounds the
chimney of the burner; the part from a to b, which I make of the particular
configuration shown, .forms the reflecting surface, while from 6 to c is trans-
parent, and forms an ornamental edge to the reflector. In order to produce a
reflecting surface from 6 to c, which shall not entirely obstruct the passage of
the light, I grind that surface on the upper side, which has the effect of
reflecting the light downwards, and does not entirely obscure in an upward
direction. I also produce reflecting surfaces by applying oxide of zinc or
mercury on the upper surface; but in order that such coating shall not entirely
obscure the light upwards, I apply it in strips or ribs, radiating from the centre-
or otherwise, thus leaving spaces uncovered for the passage of light, which

page_text: have little or no reflecting power, while the covered strips or parts reflect the
light downwards. I also apply coatings of calcined native earths as reflecting
surfaces to glass reflectors, using and applying earths, according to the par-
ticular shade or colour of light required to be reflected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cecil Bisshopp at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1855.
I, EDWARD CECIL BISSHOPP, of Stonehouse, in the County of Devon, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to simplify the construction of breech-
loading fire-arms. For this purpose, the barrel at its breech end is made into
an open frame, suitable for receiving a moveable breech, in such manner that
the axis of the breech being below, the breech may move thereon to one side
out of the line of the barrel, and in that position be loaded, in a similar
manner to what the several breeches of "a revolver" are loaded; and when
loaded, the breech may be again moved into a line with the barrel, and is
retained in this position by a suitable bolt or catch. The frame at the back
or breech end of the barrel is connected at top and bottom with the barrel,
either forming one piece therewith, or is strongly fixed or secured thereto. The
back or hinder end of the frame consists of a recoil plate, against which the
hinder part of the moveable breech comes when in a position for the charge
to be fired. The fore end of the moveable breech fits smoothly and correctly

page_text: against the end of the barrel, and this end of the barrel is somewhat enlarged,
or rendered bell-mouthed. The moveable breech has the nipple affixed
thereto; hence the nipple is out of the way of the hammer, except when
the breech is in position for firing.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING STEW PANS AND OTHER SIMILAR CULINARY UTENSILS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Honoré le François at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th August
1855.
I, HONORÉ LE FRANÇOIS, of Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
CLEANING STEW PANS AND OTHER SIMILAR CULINARY UTENSILS" to be as follows
(that is to say)
My Invention, which has for its object the cleaning and polishing of stew
pans and other similar culinary utensils by a more suitable and expeditious
method than hitherto, consists of an upright frame or stand, furnished with a
vice or similar contrivance, between the jaws of which a stew pan or other
similar culinary utensil can be firmly held, so as to be acted upon by a series
of revolving brushes, which work upon pivot centres on the said frame or
stand in such manner as to be brought to bear upon the outer and inner
surfaces of the said pan at the same time. The apparatus, which is furnished
with the ordinary winch handle for giving motion to the same, has also a suit-
able arrangement for regulating and extending the range of the said brushes
to any extent required by the employment of a common rack and pinion, the
effect of which enables the brushes to be moved backwards or forwards, so as
to suit any sized pan.
THE APPLICATION OF CORK, IN ALL IT3 FORMS, IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEDS, MATTRASSES, CUSHIONS, AND SEATS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harvey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1855.
I, HENRY HARVEY, of No. 73, Denbigh Street, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE APPLICATION OF CORK, IN ALL IT3 FORMS, IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEDS,
MATTRASSES, CUSHIONS, AND SEATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the application of cork, either in bark, shavings,
or cuttings, to the stuffing, casing, und lining, manufacture of beds, mattresses,
pillows, cushions, and seats, with or without waterproof coverings, applicable
for military, naval, hospital, travelling, domestic, and other purposes, being non-
conductors of heat or cold, and perfectly impervious to damp or wet, and to be
used either alone or in conjunction with other materials at present in use, as
stuffing, casing, or lining; also applicable as life buoys, and may be constructed
into rafts and attachees to. boats or other vessels, or used as boats or other
vessels per se, or as the lining or casing of boats or other vessels, whereby
additional safety and buoyancy is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Edge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April 1855.
I, JONATHAN EDGE, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, En-
gineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES" to be as follows:
The nature of my Invention consists in forming a vacuum under or above
both the pistons of a compound engine. In constructing my improved engines,
I prefer to apply two cylinders to the same end of the beam. The first
cylinder, which is in connection with the end of the beam, is furnished with
a single piston in the ordinary manner; but the second cylinder, which is
connected about half way between the end and the centre of the beam, is
furnished with two pistons (attached to the same piston rod), and a partition
in the centre of the length thereof. The lower portion of the second cylinder
is in connection with the under side of the piston of the first cylinder, and the
upper portion of the second cylinder is in like manner connected with the upper
part of the first cylinder. The steam is admitted below the centre partition of
the second cylinder to act on the upper side of the lower piston, thereby press-
ing it down; at the same time a vacuum is formed in the ordinary manner
beneath it and beneath the piston of the first cylinder. The expanded steam
from below the upper piston in the second cylinder is during the same time

page_text: entering the upper part of the first cylinder. When the pistons are all down,
the steam is admitted under the upper piston in the second cylinder, and the
vacuum formed in the condensor aids the ascent thereof and of the piston in
the first cylinder; and during the ascent of the pistons, the expanded steam
from above the lower piston in the second cylinder is entering the first cylinder.
The cylinders may also be applied at opposite sides of the centre of the beam,
or a single cylinder with three pistons may be used. In each case, however,
a vacuum is formed under or above each of the pistons; whereas in other
compound engines it has been customary to form a vacuum under or above
only one of the pistons at a time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jehiel Forbes Norton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1855. A communication.
I, JEHIEL FORBES NORTON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS,
WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," (being a communica-
tion from a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
The nature of the said Invention will be understood by reference to the
accompanying outline Drawing, in which a represents a cylinder furnished with
a supply pipe 6 and delivery pipe c, and having in it a centre or shaft d, to
which is made fast a block or frame e, the outer extremities forming the centres
of flaps or valves f, so arranged as to touch the interior of the cylinder a near
the supply pipe, and to be free from it near the delivery pipe. The entrance
of the water forces the flaps and shaft, giving to them a rotary motion, the
number of revolutions being measured by any of the ordinary methods; g is
a spring or guide to lead the flaps under the abutment h. The sliding parts
have leather or other packing material connected to them, so as to make them
water-tight.
AN IMPROVED BUFFER FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fisher at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May 1855.
I, GEORGE FISHER, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BUFFER FOR
RAILWAY CARRIAGES" to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable chiefly to wagons, and consists of two rectangular
metal frames made to slide one over the other. One frame is fixed to the
sole of the wagon, and the other to the buffer head; cork shavings or other
suitable elastic materials are interposed between the two frames. The frames
are held together by a bolt which passes through them, and the play of the
buffer is provided for by slots cut in two sides of one of the rectangular
frames. The distance to which the slots can move is governed by the ends of
the bolt. The larger frame is free to slide over the smaller, and after pressure
has compressed the buffer, the elasticity of the cork shavings restores it to
its original position on pressure being removed.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING THE SINKING OF VESSELS AT SEA OR ON RIVERS, AND IN RAISING OF SUNKEN VESSELS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Abbott and Henry Holland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 19th January 1855.
We, JOSEPH ABBOTT, of 77, Smallbrooke Street, Manufacturer, & HENRY
HOLLAND, of 21, Steelhouse Lane, Manufacturer, both of Birmingham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREVENTING THE SINKING OF VESSELS AT SEA OR ON RIVERS, AND IN RAISING OF
SUNKEN VESSELS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in adapting and applying to vessels air-tight bags, of
india-rubber or other suitable material, and protected externally by strong net-
work, such bags being in communication with an air pump or machine, by
means of which they may be readily inflated, and being each provided with a
stop-cock or safety valve. The bags are distributed about the main deck, or in
other convenient parts of the vessel.
In order to prevent the sinking of a vessel, the bags, being proportionate
in size and number to the dimensions of the vessel, and being suitably dis-
tributed therein, are to be inflated when required, by having air pumped into
them by the air pump or machine.
For the raising of sunken vessels the same description of apparatus is
employed. A sufficient number of the bags are conveyed and secured to the
vessel by divers, and by means of diving apparatus. These bags are to be

page_text: inflated (when a sufficient number of them have been secured to the vessel)
by means of an air pump or machine for forcing in air, fixed above the
surface of the water, and communicating with the several bags by means of
suitable pipes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNDING PRINTERS' TYPE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Augustus Crosse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
October 1855.
I, ROBERT AUGUSTUS CROSSE, of Bartholomew Lane, Bank, in the City
of London, Gent", do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNDING PRINTERS' TYPE " to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in founding printers' type consists simply
instead of having the type cast as it is at present, with only one letter upon its
surface and but at one end, I purpose to have a series of letters or words or
only single letters upon each lead, and those same words or single letters to
be cast on each end of the leads, thereby lessening the amount of labor, and
effecting a greater quantity of work in a shorter space of time.
Fig. 1 represents my forms of single types; and Fig. 2 are views of double
or worded types. For the prevention of the matter being broken or disturbed
during the process of printing, I cast upon the leads the elbows or wedges
A, A, either on one or more sides, and a slot or slots upon the others, or upon
the same sides, and together with the elbows or wedges, so as to make each
lead fit into the other, and make the matter solid and tight, as shown at B, B.

page_text: Upon the printer's matter being composed there will be a double or duplicate
surface of printing matter, one being printed from the top and another from
the bottom. The only alteration in the printing machine that will be required
will be the different arrangements of the cylinders and guide tapes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINERY
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of, the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
3rd November 1855.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINERY," (communicated to me by a foreigner
residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in knitting machinery, the
distinguishing feature of which consists in weaving the web of various shapes
according to previously prepared designs. In the old knitting machines this
cannot be accomplished, for the web is all woven of one form and width; hence
there is a great waste of stuff consequent upon the cutting out of the pieces
necessary to produce the shape or pattern for the article required. In the
making of wearing apparel, as stockings, shirts, drawers, &c., a model is formed
which is attached to the knitting frame, by which certain movements are
accomplished, whereby the effect produced is to weave a web the counterpart
of the said model. Thus, the model or pattern suitable to form a pair of
drawers being prepared, the web will be woven of various widths suitable to
the formation of that garment; as, for instance, it will be wide in the body part
and narrower for the legs, ankles, &c., and in like manner for any other article,
so that a web will be a continued series of patterns or articles, connected
>

page_text: together, all that is necessary being to cut the web apart where the extremities
of such articles are joined to each other. This has also the additional advantage,
besides mere saving in materials, that it makes a finished edge all along the
goods, of loops which can be taken up by the sewer, and which cannot be the
case where they are cut out. The knitting part of the frame is constructed
substantially in the usual manner, that is to say, the formation and operation
of the needles, sinkers; &c. To this part is added a pattern cylinder, or its
equivalent, in combination with a traversing carriage or yarn carrier, shifting
clutches, also a stop rail, or an equivalent, for arresting the yarn carrier at the
proper instant to secure exactness in the shape of the web, according to the
design or pattern on the cylinder. I also use a cam wheel in combination
with the shifting bar and shifting lever and its connections, or other device
equivalent thereto, as well as the combinations for effecting the revolution of
the pattern cylinder; I also employ an arrangement of rollers upon a spindle
and inclined planes, and depressing bar, for the purpose of gradually throwing
down the sinkers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTION ON CANALS AND RIVERS
Year: 1855

page_text: 21C.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tell Claude François Lecour at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1855.
I, TELL CLAUDE FRANÇOIS LECOUR, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and
of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTION ON CANALS AND
RIVERS" to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in causing the fall of water in canals, produced by.
the difference of level, to set in motion a water wheel and windlass for.
propelling boats.
In the navigation on rivers, and when the fall of water in canals is too
feeble to work the windlass, I apply a steam engine together with pullies
stationed at intervals.
Figure 1, plan of part of a canal with lock gates, to which my method of
propulsion is adopted.
Figure 2, transverse section through the dotted line 1, 2, 3, Figure 1, of
lock gates to a larger scale, shewing the elevation of the gates, and the water
wheel setting in motion the windlasses.
The water of the upper level A flows through an aperture a into the
chamber F, formed in the stone work, where it works a water wheel G, the
axis of which is prolongated above to carry a bevil wheel g, which catches

page_text: with another bevil wheel n, placed on the same horizontal axis with the two
windlasses H, across the canal. The water, after setting in motion the wheel
G, passes into the canal 6 (shewn dotted in Figure 1). To propel the boat in
either direction, it is only necessary to attach the rope passing round one of
the wheels H, & to set in motion the wheel by opening either the vanes of the
wheel or the canal a.
The windlass barrels revolve, and the rope draws the boats to the basin C,
where it is disengaged in order to fasten it to the cords of the next gates.
One of the wheels II serves to draw forward the boat, the other to send it
back. The axis of the windlass may be stopped by the unlocking mechanism
K, Figure 2; instead of ropes an endless chain may be employed. For the
navigation of rivers, and when the canal winds, as shewn in Figure 3, it is
necessary to erect standards K at intervals, shewn also in front and side views
by Figures 4 and 5. These standards are formed of two projecting arms,
against which turns a vertical pulley or roller in', which may be covered with
caoutchouc to lessen friction. The rope passes against the roller m, which
serves as a pulley, being placed at a convenient height, the rope being held
in position above and below by the wheels m¹, m'.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCUTCHING AND HECKLING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER VEGETABLE FIBRES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hill Dickson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1855.
I, JAMES HILL DICKSON, of Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey, Flax
Manufacturer & Flax Machinist, do hereby declaro the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCUTCHING AND HECKLING
FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER VEGETABLE FIBRES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in constructing a scutching machine, in which the
fibres receive a greater amount of beating than now takes place in a scutching
machine as at present manufactured. The ordinary scutching machine consists
of a series of arms projecting from an axis or central drum. Each arm has
attached to it a beater, or the arm itself acts as a beater. These arms being
caused to rotate, scutch the fibres which are presented to them by hand. Now,
my improvements consist in mounting upon cach arm four or moro louvre
boards, the bottom edge of each of which is made to advance a little beyond
the top of the board next under it. And in order to present the fibre to the
action of the louvre scutchers, I mount a pair of rollers at the side of the
machine, which hold the fibre while being scutched. When a sufficient number
of revolutions have been given to the machine the rollers are reversed, and the
scutched fibre turned to present those parts not scutched to the operation,
the rollers being moved to feed and remove the fibres as required.
The improvements in heckling consist in mounting on the ends of the arms,

page_text: at the opposite side to that on which the louvres are fixed, a row of heckles or
combs, set in a direction contrary to that in which the arms are required to
rotate, whereby the fibres after being scutched are heckled in such manner
as to produce but little waste or tow. I do not recommend heckles to be
fitted to the machine which is first employed for scutching, but I think it
better at first to coarse scutch, and then remove the fibres to a finishing
combined scutching and heckling machine.
A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE TURPENTINE ORDINARILY EMPLOYED IN MIXING PAINTS AND COLORS
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rimell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March 1855.
-A communication.
I, JOHN RIMELL, of Covent Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire,
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE
TURPENTINE ORDINARILY EMPLOYED IN MIXING PAINTS AND COLORS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in forming a liquid which may be employed as a
substitute for turpentine ordinarily employed in mixing paints and colors, by
combining together the following ingredients, that is to say:-I take a
quantity of potatoes, and by mashing, bruising, or pressing them obtain there-
from an extract; I then add to the said extract of potatoes common salt,
alum, and litharge. Having well mixed or incorporated together these said
ingredients, I next add a sufficient quantity of water to the said mixture so
produced, to reduce it to the required state for mixing with the paint or color.
The proportions in which I employ these several ingredients so as to produce
the above-named liquid or substitute will depend in a great measure upon the
particular purposes for which the paint or color is required to be employed,
and may consequently be varied considerably without deteriorating the efficacy
of the said mixture or substitute.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLAZES FOR EARTHENWARE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George James Dalman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July
1855. A communication.
I, GEORGE JAMES DALMAN, of Alfred Villas, Enfield Road, Kingsland, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF GLAZES FOR EARTHENWARE " to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the application of native borate of lime
combined with carbonate of soda in the manufacture of glazes for earthen-
ware. For this purpose, native borate of lime & carbonate of soda in the
state of powder are used in place of borax, and are mixed and, by preference,
in such proportions, that the boracic acid in the one and the soda in the
other shall make up or be equivalent to borax.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF LEDGER HAND-REST
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Burgin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November 1855.
I, THOMAS BURGIN, of Great Winchester Street, in the City of London,
Upholsterer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF LEDGER HAND-REST" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a temporary rest or support for
the hand of the book-keeper when writing at the bottom of the leaf of a
ledger or other thick account book. For this purpose I attach to one end of
a piece of thin sheet metal or hard wood a rest-piece of any requisite thick-
ness, and I shape this sheet or piece of hard wood, so that it shall form a
support for the rest-piece when under the pressure of the hand of the writer.
The thin part I slip under some dozen or twenty leaves of the book to bring
the open page on a level with the rest-piece, and the weight of the overlying
leaves will then counterbalance the pressure of the writer's hand and form
the requisite support. The under side of this hand-rest I prefer to make
without any raised part, in order that this side may be placed uppermost when
the hand-rest is required to be used by a writer entering accounts at the end
of a ledger or other account book.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF APPLYING BREAKS TO RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES to be as follows:
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leadbetter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1855.
I, JAMES LEADBETTER, of Halifax, in the County of York, "Brazier,"
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OR METHOD OF APPLYING BREAKS TO RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
to be as follows:-
"
Instead of the usual method of applying break blocks to the periphery of the
wheels to stop or retard their progress, I propose to fix on each axle or cross
shaft a pully or a toothed wheel, on which shall act a spring connected to a
draw bar or continuous chain, which when acted upon will stop or retard the
revolution of the wheels. If pullies are used, I cause the spring to encircle
both of them, and make a hole or slot in it, so as to catch upon a pin or pro-
jection when the connecting rod or chain is drawn forward by the breaksman,
and thus stop the revolution of the wheels. If toothed wheels are used instead
of the pullies, I cause the springs, or, if desirable, two pieces of rigid metal
with the ends turned a little, to catch one of the teeth of each wheel when
the connecting bar is drawn forward, and thus stop the revolution of the
wheels. Instead of the connecting bar under each carriage which have to be
connected by chains, I can use one continuous chain to act upon the levers,
which cause the springs or rigid projections to act upon the pullies or toothed
wheels, and fix an additional pully or drum in any convenient position, so

page_text: that it may be turned by the person in charge of the breaks, by which he
will attach all the springs or rigid projections, and thus stop the revolution
of the wheels. Although I have here described my Invention as applicable
to railway carriages, it is obvious that it may be applied to carriages on
common roads.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Butterworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1855.
I, the said ELLIS BUTTERWORTH, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING
COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the bearings formed in the copping rails for the
spindles, and consists in so constructing the collar or bush constituting the
bearing that it is capable of being adjusted to compensate for wear, whereby a
more complete steadiness of motion is obtained. This end may be accomplished
by various means, but I will point out certain methods I have found to answer.
The collar or bush may be formed with one side of its thickness cut through,
and the other partially so, and thereby rendered elastic, so as to be caused to
fit the spindle by a set screw and lock nut in the copping rail. Again, it may
be made in halves, there being sufficient space between them when placed in
the copping rail to allow of the adjustment, as before mentioned; or it may be
made in a conical form, and being cut as aforesaid, drawn to fit the spindle by
means of a screw nut under or over the copping rail. When tubes or bushes
are not used, the boss formed on or bolted to the copping rail may be so
arranged that the result above described will be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEARING AND BRIGHTENING DYED AND PRINTED FABRICS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Higgin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th July 1855.
I, JAMES HIGGIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEARING AND BRIGHTENING DYED AND PRINTED FABRICS" to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a modification of the ordinary clearing process
applied to dyed or printed fabrics when certain dye stuffs are used. It is
usual to pass goods dyed guarancine, guaranceaux, or other preparations of
madder, either alone or mixed with other dye stuffs, through a solution of
chloride of lime in water, then dry or expose them to steam, rinse them in
water, and dry them. I propose to add to the chloride of lime solution a liquid
containing silicic acid in solution, and use this mixture instead of the chloride
of lime, as above, finding thereby a great improvement in the whites and colors
of printed goods, and consequently in the colors of self-color dyed goods.
AN IMPROVED ESCAPEMENT FOR CHRONOMETERS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Louis Racine Perrot at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1855.
I, HENRI LOUIS RACINE PERROT, do bereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED ESCAPEMENT FOR CHRONOMETERS" to be as follows:-
I propose instead of the escapement now ordinarily used in chronometers
to substitute a more simple one. The wheel will rest on a ruby roller larger
in size than the roller of a duplex escapement; this roller will be flattened on
one portion of its periphery. On the axis roller will be placed a small piece of
steel, indented up to about one-fourth of its superfice. On the same axis will
be fitted a small arm projecting on one side in the direction of the balance axis.
The principal novelty will be a spring carrying a head at the extremity of its
slight blade, which head projects laterally and sideways, and is split horizontally
to hold a ruby stone, which is made to turn on a pivot fixed in the centre of
the head aforesaid. The action of the escapement will be as follows:-The
balance axis will have (like the chronometer) the large impulse and small
detached levers. In moving the balance to the left the detached lever lifts
the arm of the rest; the wheel leaving the circular portion of the roller passes
over (without touching) the flat portion thereof, and falls on the impulse lever;

page_text: by the action of the spring the moveable ruby is made to rest in the indenta-
tion aforesaid, so that when the arm is moved either way it returns to its
centre. In moving the balance to the right the wheel takes more rest than
the roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thompson and James Mills
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
19th July 1855.
We, JAMES THOMPSON, of Pin Mill, in the City of Manchester, Manu-
facturer, and JAMES MILLS, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS" to be
as follows:-
The object of these improvements is to relieve the shuttle at the time of
"picking" from the pressure exerted upon it by the "swell," which is acted
upon by the stop rod lever. It consists in forming a finger on, or in attaching
a finger to, one of the rods, connecting the slay of the loom with the cranks,
which finger is made sufficiently long to reach under one of the "stop rod
fingers," the angular motion of the connecting rod causing it to lift the stop
rod finger during the time the slay is moving from the fell of the cloth, and
thus relieve the swell and shuttle from the pressure exerted upon them; or it
consists in attaching a lever to the slay of the loom, or in forming an arm on
the stop rod lever, so as to be acted upon by a stud or bowl fixed on one of the
rods connecting the slay and the cranks of the loom, which will depress
the arm or lever, and relieve the shuttle at the time and manner before
mentioned.
A MACHINE FOR MAKING CONFECTIONERS' PIPE,' AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oliver Rice Chase at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May
1855.
I, OLIVER RICE CHASE, of Boston, in the United States of America, but
now of No. 17, Cornhill, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A MACHINE FOR MAKING CONFECTIONERS' PIPE,' AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in an arrangement of endless aprons in conjunction
with a knife or cutter, by means of which any suitable paste is cut into strips
and rolled into cylinders of the required size & length. Such cylinders,
when made of sugar paste, are known to confectioners under the name of
pipe," and it is for the manufacture of this article that my machine is
mainly intended. It is applicable, however, to the making of cylindrical
pieces from flour paste or other plastic material.
The paste from which the "pipo" is to be made having been properly pre-
pared, is placed in strips of proper width upon an endless band or apron, which
conveys it under a revolving cutter or knife so adjusted as to cut off at each
stroke a sufficient quantity to make one roll or cylinder of "pipe." The picce

page_text: thus cut off falls on to an endless apron, which carries it under a second apron,
moving more slowly than itself, & in an opposite direction. Between the
two aprons the piece of paste is rolled into a cylindrical stick of "pipe," and,
being carried out by the lower apron, falls into any proper receptacle placed to
receive it.
The various moving parts are driven by well-known mechanical means,
which will be described in detail in my final Specification.