matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRIDLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Huckvale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
October 1870..
I, THOMAS HUCKVALE, of No. 5, Noel Street, Islington, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRIDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in bridles. I attach
the curb and snaffle reins to a handle, which is grasped in the hand in
place of the reins being held between the fingers as heretofore. The
handle has at each end a cross head, to the extremities of which the two
reins are attached by buckles or other fastenings, so that by simply
turning the handle partly round the pull may be thrown either upon the
curb or snaffle rein as may be desired, or it may be divided between
them. A similar handle but without the cross heads may be used with
a single rein either curb or snaffle. In place of a curb bit I employ in
some cases a stiff bridge piece of metal passing over the horse's nose, and
jointed on either side to side bars at points intermediate of their length,
a strap passing under the horse's jaw connects the upper ends of the side
bars, and the rein is connected to their lower ends nearer to or further

page_text: from the joints of the bridge piece according as more or less power is
required. The pull of the rein tightens the bridge piece and the under
straps upon the horse. The bridge piece may be covered with leather or
other material. These bridles are applicable both for riding or driving.
To connect rapidly the ends of broken reins I employ a metal loop with
a screw passing through it. The screw is pointed at one end, and one of
the holes formed in the loop to receive it is tapped with a corresponding
screw thread. The ends of the rein to be connected are placed through
the loop, and the screw is put in, its pointed end passing readily through
the leather.
AN IMPROVED STANDING BENCH FOR BOOT AND SHOE MAKERS, LOCKSMITHS, AND OTHER ARTIZANS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Glew and Samuel
Henry Lewis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th September 1870.
WC, JOHN HENRY GLEW, of City Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, and SAMUEL HENRY LEWIS, of Newington Causeway, in
the County of Surrey, Bootmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STANDING BENCH FOR BOOT AND SHOE
MAKERS, LOCKSMITHS, AND OTHER ARTIZANS," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists in an improved arrangement of parts and
movements for forming a standing bench adapted for work of different
sizes, and for giving great facility for shifting the work to any required
position.
On any ordinary stationary bench or table I fix a bed plate having at
the top a vertical flange on which is placed a band or ring, which can
revolve easily and steadily, and be prevented from rising by a cover
fixed by screws to the flange. On the outside of the band there is a lug
or bracket to which is hinged a plate which can be vertical, angular,
or resting horizontally on the top of the cover, and turned with the band

page_text: to and fro as required. To this plate is fixed a second plate carrying at
one part, when used for boot or shoe makers, a block holding a reversible
toe bearing for the last, and at another part a bracket to which is jointed
a lever having a round pin or flat holder for the heel end of the last,
the lever being capable of being adjusted to all sizes of lasts by a screw
and nut in a milled wheel; and on the screw there is a tube and spring
for preventing too great rigidity, the elastic force of the spring being
regulated by a nut. The hinged plate has at the bottom a shallow
angular boss, which fits a recess in the cover to keep the parts steady
when the plate is horizontal; and between the plate and cover there is
an india-rubber or leather washer to prevent jarring-when-the-work-is-
hammered. The holders on the plate and lever are varied according to
the work to be performed to enable various articles of different shape
to be held from by means of the lever with its screw and nut, and as
each apparatus occupies but little space as large numbers can be placed
side by side if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FEED MOTION OF SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
January 1870.
I, JOHN WATSON, of Oldham; in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
FEED MOTION OF SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the feed motion of sewing machines which
regulates the intermittent motion of the material and consequently the
length of the stitch, and applies more particularly to what is known as
the "silent feed."
The Invention consists principally in imparting a constant motion
always to the "feed bar," whilst the rising of the finger attached thereto
(which acts upon the material) may be varied either sooner or later so as
to increase or diminish the length of the stitch. By this means the
driver of the "feed bar" is always in contact with its cam, and hence no
sound is produced by the striking of the cam against the driver. The
cam for actuating the "feed bar" is fixed on the end of the cam spindle
outside the frame, and the driver is formed at, the outer end of the

page_text: feed bar instead of near the inner end. The finger is raised for giving
the feed by means of a cam of a peculiar form, which acts upon the
finger through the medium of a peg or pin of lancewood, ivory, bone, or
other suitable material passing through a lever placed between the cam
and the finger. When this lever is in its first position the rising of the
finger and the forward movement of the feed bar are simultaneous, and
therefore the stitch is longest, but if the lever is advanced more or less
the position of the peg on the cam is varied, and hence the finger does
not rise till the feed bar has made a portion of its stroke, and hence the
stitch is made shorter. A great advantage of this arrangement being that
whether the stitch is long or short there is no noise and the finger always
feeds up to the end of the notch or close to the needle, the difference
being made at the beginning instead of the end of the feed.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PREVENTING FLOATS IN WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roger Charnley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1870.
I, ROGER CHARNLEY, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Over-
look, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR PREVENTING FLOATS IN WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Between the front edge of the cloth and the healds across the loom I
fix a bearer consisting of two boards or sheets of metal or other material
with a flange on the bottom to carry metal hooks and springs. These
boards or sheets of metal or other material are secured together at each
end slightly appart, between such boards or sheets I place a series of loop-
ended wires or cast metal feelers, the top ends of which fit close together
but work freely from each other, thus forming one continuous line
under the yarn while at work. These seperate feelers where they join
side by side are fitted at an angle where they meet, so that the yarn
cannot get between them while at work. Under the bottom ends of
each of these feelers I fix a small spring or other equvalent, to which I
attach a metal hook, which hook comes inside of the flange before

page_text: mentioned across the loom. In front of the before-mentioned boards or
other material I carry a shaft or spindle, to which I attach a plate of
metal or hard wood. To one end of this shaft or spindle I fix a cranked
lever, which is acted upon by two tappets on the crank or tappet shaft;
to the other end I fix a bell cranked or other shaped lever, the outer end
of which at every motion of the loom (should any one or more feelers be
up by reason of breakage of yarn, thus begining to make a float) it lifts
up another lever end which strikes the spring lever, thus throwing off
the strap, stops the loom. There is another lever attached to this last
lever, one end of which is acted upon by two tappets on the outer end of
tappet or crank shaft.
The above feelers I make from one-eighth of an inch wide upwards.
This frame of feelers come imediately under the shed across the warp,
such warp pressing down these feelers at every pick. Instantly a float
is formed one or more of these feelers remaining up stops the loom. I 1
can effect the same by a similar applience in the sley or lathe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREENS, MORE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR SCREENING MINERAL PHOSPHATES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Toynbee at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1870.
I, EDWARD TOYNBEE, of Lincoln, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby
déclare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREENS,
MORE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR SCREENING MINERAL PHOSPHATES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in screens, more
especially applicable for screening mineral phosphates to render them so.
fine that the whole may subsequently be acted on by acid. For this
purpose I employ an ordinary cylindrical or rectangular screen set at a
slight inclination downwards from the feeding end. To distribute the
phosphate over the screen I prefer to employ brushes carried by a
revolving central axis which is driven continuously so that the brushes
are carried around the screen. The screen on its under side rests on two
or more springs, and on its upper side it is struck quickly repeated blows
with light hammers, the action of which is enhanced by spiral springs,
and thus a quick vibratory motion is given to the sieve. When the
screen is being used for screening mineral phosphates this concussive

page_text: or vibratory motion will cause the material to pass through the screen
when without such action it would not pass through at all or only in
very small quantity. The finer wires forming the screen are by preference
protected by an outer screen or casing of coarse strong iron wire, the
whole being bound together on strong ribs. If the screen is caused to
revolve the springs upon which the screen is to be supported are then
placed under the bearings in which the axis of the screen-are received,
and the hammer or hammers are caused constantly to strike in different
places on one or more of the ribs of the screen which has been previously
strengthened.
IMPROVED MEANS OF PROTECTING SHOP FRONTS, WINDOWS, DOORS, AND OTHER PARTS OF BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Schäfer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
June 1870.
I, FREDERICK SCHÄFER, of the Firm of P. and F. Schäfer, of 6, Golden
Square, and 27, Piccadilly, both in the County of Middlesex, Dressing
Case and Travelling Bag Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF PROTECTING SHOP FRONTS,
WINDOWS, DOORS, AND OTHER PARTS OF BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the employment of an articulated open-
worked screen or shutter for the protection of shop fronts, windows,
safes, doors, and other parts of buildings where great security is required.
The screen is composed of a number of narrow plates or short lengths of
steel or other hard metal articulated together by links or otherwise in a
loose manner, so that on pressure being applied by a cutting or a
punching instrument the screen will yield and frustrate the attempt.
The plates or pieces may be arranged in a diagonal, in a vertical, and
horizontal direction, or in any other way as found requisite. They may
be hooked or otherwise fastened in position in order that they can be

page_text: removed with freedom when the outside shutter, with which I prefer
they shall be used, has been removed; or they may be arranged on a
roller, so that they can be wound up out of the way. The Invention is
applicable to strong rooms of bankers, safes, and other receptacles which
are generally below ground, as well as to those above ground.
The screen can be used in combination with other screens or open-
worked doors or division doors of buildings, or alone, as deemed
advisable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Guest Rainforth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1870.
I, RICHARD GUEST RAINFORTH, of the Town of Kingston-upon-Hull,
in the County of the same Town, Steam Tug Owner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND
APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the means of
consuming smoke and in the apparatus for such purpose, the object of
the Invention being to economise fuel in steam boiler furnaces by
causing the products of combustion to be consumed, thus affording
increased heating power from a given quantity of fuel and preventing
the escape of smoke from the fire.
In order to effect these objects I propose to apply to the fire door
an air spout or straight flat tube which is inserted in an aperture made
in the door of the fire-box, and placed in a slanting position so that its
internal portion shall point upwards and above the level of the fuel;
the tube or spout may be made nearly equal to the width of the fire door
so that the air ascending from the outside of the furnace passes in a

page_text: current of such width directly into the fire-place and instantly becoming
heated mingles with the smoke and other gascous products and enables
the fire to consume them. This appliance increases the draught of air
at all conditions of the fuel and maintains a very powerful heat;
regulating slides or flaps on hinges may be arranged on the tube to
decrease the supply of air when the fuel is reduced to an incandescent
state. In cases where the level of the burning fuel is considerably
beneath the stoke hole the air spout may be inserted below the fire
door, but just above the level of the fire, as in the former example.
AN IMPROVED LAMP FOR BURNING MINERAL OILS AND ESSENCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre André Blondel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th July 1870.
I, PIERRE ANDRÉ BLONDEL, of the Firm of Blondel et Fils, of
Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, Paris, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LAMP FOR BURNING MINERAL OILS
AND ESSENCES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is an arrangement of lamp for burning
mineral oils and essences, which essentially differs from the other
arrangements of lamps with a sponge, inasmuch as the sponge is replaced
by a reservoir of air, which while giving the same security is without its
inconveniences. This reservoir of air is obtained in the lamp by means
of a tube descending from the top of the body of the lamp where the wick
socket is screwed downwards in the lamp, so that the liquid can spread
around this tube if the lamp should be inclined. In this manner the
liquid can never escape through the wick socket whatever may be the
inclination of the lamp. The latter can therefore burn in all positions with-
out fear of any jet of flame or liquid round the wick, for nothing but the

page_text: capillary attraction of the latter can cause the oil to pass to the exterior.
The flame regulator is also screwed upon the threaded socket, so that it
is sufficient to turn the regulator by the finger to regulate the intensity
of the flame. The body of the lamp is preferably made of metal, and
wick socket of copper, which give great strength. In order to avoid
the irregular evaporation through the wick in consequence of the excess
or variation of the interior pressure one or more little escape orifices are
made in the wick socket. The gas produced by the evaporation can
thus proceed through these orifices or chimnies without having to pass
by the wick, upon which however it will always be burned without
sensibly adding to the intensity of the flame..
The points of novelty in this Invention are:- -The air reservoir, which
prevents the escape of the liquid and enables the lamp to be burned in
any position; the screw regulator; and the little central escape orifices
or chimneys for the evaporation during the combustion..
AN IMPROVED WASHING MACHINE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Atkinson Ellis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th August 1870.
I, THOMAS ATKINSON ELLIS, of No. 20, High Holborn, London,
Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED WASHING MACHINE," to be as follows: :-
My Invention relates to the class of washing machines which are used
by hand, and has for its object to construct. the same in a more efficient
and economical manner than at present.
My improved washer consists of a roller and rubber mounted in a
suitable hand framing.
In similar apparatus it has been the custom to employ two or more
rollers, but according to my Invention I use only a single roller, and
by this means I obtain a greater effective pressure upon linen under
treatment. The roller may be plain or otherwise. At the side of this
roller I dispose in the same framing a rubber to act upon the linen in a
similar manner to the knuckles of a hand. By preference this rubber is
turned in the form of a beaded roller, and so arranged in the frame that

page_text: as it is worn a fresh portion can be brought round to the working
position.
The mode of working is to spread the linen upon a board on the side
of a wash tub or machine, and draw the "washer" to and fro over or
upon it, by which means a squeezing and rubbing action is produced
nearly resembling the hand method. of washing, and most efficient in
performing the operation rapidly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hamilton Robinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th January 1869.-A communication from abroad.by Augustus
Robinson Hall, Assistant Surgeon, Royal Artillery, Calcutta.
I, JAMES HAMILTON ROBINSON, of 17, Gracechurch Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS," (a communication), to be as
follows:-
In this Invention the ship consists of the hull made in such a form
that a section at right angles to her length nearly up to the water line
at any part is a semicircle. About the best proportions.would be five
times the length of her breadth. The diameters of the semicircles to
increase gradually from a point to ths of her length, and to decrease
for the remaining ths to her stern. There is no centre keel or kelson,
but two keels are put on at an angle of about 33° from the perpendicular,
extending nearly her whole length, and a rudder is fixed at the stern
end of each keel. The keels to project from the vessel about 10th of
her greatest breadth. The stern posts of the rudders cross each other,
one slightly behind the other, so that the port wheel works the star-

page_text: board rudder, and vice versa. The keels would have to be made very
strong, perhaps of pieces of iron, extending inside the vessel, say, for
double the distance they do outside, and very securely fastened with iron
cross bars and nuts. The rudders also would have to be very strong.
The objects sought to be gained by this mode of construction are:-
1. A less draught of water for the freight carrying powers of the vessel.
There is no keel nor kelson in the usual position, and she rests on three
points formed by her bottom and the edges of her two keels.
2. Prevention of the ship making leeway. The more she is forced over
by the wind on either side according to the tack she is making the more
perpendicular the lee keel becomes, and the greater resistance she offers in
being driven to leeward; she is very stiff in the water and the two keels
prevent her rolling; she also sails very close to the wind; when on
the starboard tack the port wheel (working the starboard rubber) would
be used, and the steersman, standing on the weather side of the wheel,
would be able to see how the sails were and keep her full-and-bye by
simply looking aloft and steering accordingly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN DYEING YARNS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Fisher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
May 1870.
I, ANDREW FISHER, junior, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN DYEING YARNS," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the contriving of improved apparatus
to be used in dyeing yarns, when, as in dyeing Turkey red, for example,
it is necessary for the yarns to be moved continuously through the
dyeing liquor for a longer or shorter time.
For carrying and moving the yarn hanks a series of polygonal reels
are fixed in pairs on the ends of horizontal spindles supported near their
middles on the two side pieces of a movable frame. Worm wheels are
fixed on the middles of the spindles, and gear with worms on a shaft
lying below at right angles to the spindles, and driven by gearing at one
end in any convenient way. The movable frame is connected to counter-
balancing weights by chains or levers, and can be raised clear out of

page_text: the dyeing vat for putting the yarn hanks on or off the reels, or be
lowered down to the vat to immerse the hanks in the dyeing liquor.
The worm shaft is carried in bearings at the ends of the vat, and a
semicircular shell is fixed under it to protect it from the steam, and to
prevent anything from falling from it into the dyeing liquor. The 5
worm wheels of the reel spindle go into gear with the worms of the
fixed shaft below when the movable frame is lowered. Instead of worm
wheels and a worm shaft pitch wheels may be fixed on the reel spindles,
and they may be actuated by an endless pitch chain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Mason Richardson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th January 1870.
I, HENRY MASON RICHARDSON, of Barnsley, in the County of York,
Linen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a glass or globe and chimney attached to
any lamp or apparatus by which light may be produced, but instead of
a glass chimney near to the flame generally used in lamps the chimney
in this Invention rises from the top of the glass globe and either forms
part of the globe or fits into the same at the top thereof.
This Invention is based upon the principle that a lamp will burn by
dispensing with an inner glass chimney, the flame being regulated by
an outside chimney, by which means a greater body of flame and a purer
and more steady light is produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCH AND FUSEE BOXES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Petre and Charles Petre
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition
on the 24th December 1870.
We, LOUIS PETRE and CHARLES PETRE, both of Charles Street,
Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCH AND FUSEE
BOXES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved construction of box or receptacle
for matches or fusees, by which it is rendered unnecessary to open said
box to obtain a match or fusee, whereby the danger of spilling the
matches from the box and the trouble of extracting one match from a
number is avoided.
According to our Invention we make the box of a tube or casing,
within which we dispose a smaller and rather shorter tube. This inner
tube is soldered or connected at one end to the bottom of the box, which
we make in the form of a cap capable of rotating on the end of
the box. The other end of the inner tube has an outer flange which
encloses the annular space between the box and tube. This flange is

page_text: perforated with a number of holes to receive the matches or fusees
which are pendent by the heads around the inner tube. The outer
casing or box is slotted and furnished with a pusher similar to that of a
pencil case, over which the matches are brought successively as required
by rotating the bottom of the box and with it the inner tube, each
match being raised by the pusher through a corresponding hole in the
cover of the box. The rotating tube is afterwards returned to the
starting point where it comes into contact with a fixed stop provided
within the box. This stop is placed near the hole in the cover, and
the head of the next match or fusee comes into contact therewith, when
brought opposite the hole the stop serving to hold the match against
the pusher and in position to be raised thereby. The hole in the cover
being only large enough to pass one match at a time, and the cover
which is removable for replenishing the supply of matches, being securely
attached to the box by a bayonet or other joint, the matches cannot
accidentally fall out when carried in the pocket. A store of loose.
matches may be carried in the inner rotating tube to refill the holes
when exhausted. The box or casing may for convenience of carrying
in the pocket be made of small diameter and disposed eccentrically
within an outer casing of oval form, a supply of matches or fusees being
contained in the other part of the oval casing.
IMPROVED METHODS OF PREPARING PURE CARBONATE AND BICARBONATE OF SODA, AND ALSO SODA IN ITS CRYSTALLIZED STATE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
-
13th June 1870. A communication from abroad by Moritz
Konigmann, of Achen, Prussia.
I, EDWARD THomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for " IMPROVED METHODS OF PREPARING PURE CARBONATE
AND BICARBONATE OF SODA, AND ALSO SODA IN ITS CRYSTALLIZED STATE," a com>
munication to me from abroad by Moritz Konigmann, of Achen, Prussia,
to be as follows :---
Instead of the impure soda obtained by the common process my
method produces pure carbonate of soda from the bicarbonate. I obtain
the bicarbonate from the carbonate of soda by the introduction of
carbonic acid gas resulting from the burning of coke or similar matters
into the lie, by which, on account of the difficult solubility of the bi-
carbonate formed, 80 per cent. of it is precipitated and can easily be
separated, and the monocarbonate is obtained by heating the bicarbonate.
In the first part of my process, videlicet. the transformation of caustic

page_text: soda into carbonate of soda, I change the sulphide of sodium of the
lie into hydrate of soda and sulpho-metal by the addition of powdered
oxide of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, or other suitable metal, and
from the solution thus prepared the crystallized soda is obtained by
crystallization.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY TOPS AND VENTILATORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL· SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Murray Gladstone at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
6th September 1870.
I, THOMAS MURRAY GLADSTONE, of York Buildings, in the City of
Westminster, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the.
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY TOPS AND VENTILATORS," to be.
as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in chimney tops and
ventilators.
In order that the wind may aid the draft of a chimney or other flue I^
employ a wheel above the top of the chimney or flue and so constructed.
and arranged as to be set in motion by the wind. On the axis of this
wheel and contained within the chimney or flue I mount a screw or fan
like that of a smoke jack, which when driven by the wheel above pumps
or draws up the air in the chimney or flue.
I make my draft regulator of a circular tube form or many sided or
columniar. I make the lower part without any side openings, and
beyond and above I have alternate supports and openings for the free
passage of air and smoke. At or near the top I place a cover or plate,

page_text: the tendency of which is to obstruct any down draft or direct down
current. In the centre I leave a suitable hole within which a spindle
may pass and rotate freely. Within the lower part and below the side
openings I place a cross bar in the centre of which such spindle may
centre on its point, and a little above such point I place upon the spindle.
a screw or fan having two or more arms, which arms are set at an angle
so that when revolving they will pump or draw up any air within the
flue or chamber beneath. Upon the said spindle and above the before-
named cover or plate I place a fan with several wings of larger diameter
than the screw, the wings of which are placed so that the fan rotates in
the desired direction-by-the-pressure-of-the-wind-when directed against
it. By this means whenever any draft or wind impinges against it it
will freely revolve or rotate, when at the same time and speed the
lower screw or fan will move in the corresponding direction. It will be
seen therefore that if the arms of the screw below are laid at such angle
as will draw upwards the air from beneath the action in intensity will be
as the speed, so that in case of any sudden blast of wind tending to beat
down the smoke an equivalent upward action will be exerted by the
screw. The form of the upper fan may be varied into any of the known
forms in use, but the lower screw shall be similar to and upon the
principle of the screw propeller as is used for acting upon air or water.
The Invention is not only applicable to prevent the possibility of puffs
of wind driving down a chimney, but also it will be of great benefit if
applied to the top or roof of any large room or building wherein it is
It would be very
necessary or desirable to withdraw the foul air.
beneficial (instead of the cowl) to all hop-drying floors, as it would cause
an increased draft of air through the screen or floor on which the hops
rest for the abstraction of the moisture therein and bagging them for
market.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FURNACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ramsden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1870.
I, ROBERT RAMSDEN, of 177, Kingsland Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The fire-grate or furnace bars being so constructed that some are
stationary while others are moveable in the direction of their length, and
that an iron plate shall be made to move with the moveable bars at
pleasure, the bars or plate to be at liberty to be moved the one without
the other. A receiver for fuel to be constructed above the moveable plate
with slide to regulate the supply of fuel. The fire to be viewed by means
of a door or doors or by raising the receiver for fuel. The bars and plates
to be moved by hand or machinery, then fuel being placed in the receiver
and the fire alight, by motion being given to the bars & plate fuel will
be carried into the furnace, this fuel going into the furnace under or
among bright fire the smoke will be consumed.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR FASTENING AND SECURING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER DOORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION left by Robert Frederick Muller
Harcourt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 25th March 1870.
I, ROBERT FREDERICK MULLER HARCOURT, of 9, Essex Street,
Forest Gate, Essex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR FASTENING AND SECURING THE DOORS OF
RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER DOORS," to be as follows:-
A part of the spindle of the door handle imbedded in the door is a
cylinder of metal or of other material, in the surface of the periphery of
which there is a spiral groove, making in its passage from edge to edge
by preference one quarter revolution. The cylinder is provided at or
near its end with a latch bar (fixed thereto), the whole taking its bearings
in the door, and turned by an ordinary handle; working parallel to the
axis of the cylinder is a toothed slide bar in socket, the tooth running
in the spiral groove, its inner end projecting inside the carriage door when
open. In closing the door the projecting end of the slide bar is driven
outwards or into its socket by the ledge of the door jamb, and its tooth
running in the spiral groove depresses the latter, giving the cylinder ono

page_text: quarter revolution. The latch bar turning with the cylinder and catching
a slot in the door jamb latches the door.
The advantages I claim for this over every other form of latch
arc,-
1. That it is automatic, the act of pushing the door to latching it.
2. That it is impossible to close the door without latching it, the
projecting end of the slide bar preventing this, and thus accidents such as
have occurred by the opening of carriage doors of a train when in motion
which appeared to be latched are avoided.
3. That from its simple construction it is able to bear the wear and
tear incidental to railway machinery.
This Invention is applicable to all other doors other than those of rail-
way carriages.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR STOPPING OR REGULATING THE FLOW OF FLUIDS, GASES, OR STEAM
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martyn John Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th October 1870.
I, MARTYN JOHN ROBERTS, of Pendarren, near Crickhowell, in the
County of Brecon, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR STOPPING OR REGULATING
THE FLOW OF FLUIDS, GASES, OR STEAM," to be as follows:-
My improved means or apparatus for stopping or regulating the flow
of fluids, gases, or steam consists in the employment of pads or yielding
appliances composed of a number of layers of metal or other suitable
material in the state of foil or very thin leaf.
In carrying out my Invention I employ two of such pads facing each
other; one of them has one or more holes for the passage of the fluid,
gas, or steam, while the other is secured at the back to a movable plate
which can be made to approach towards or to recede from the first pad
by means of a screw or otherwise so as to bring together or to separate
the two pads. When the pads are allowed to separate from each other
the fluid, steam, or gas is free to flow through the hole or holes of the
first pad from any ordinary pipe communicating therewith; but when,

page_text: on the other hand, the faces of the two pads are forced together the
passage for the fluid, steam, or gas is hermetically closed owing to the
elasticity obtained from the two pads.
If desired only one pad may be employed, the opposing face being in
that case of any ordinary rigid or yielding material, but the joint thus 5
obtained will not be so perfect as when two of my pads are employed..
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ADVERTIZING, WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE IN COMMUNICATING INFORMATION FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nunn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1870.
I, WILLIAM NUNN, of Oak Lodge, Bushey Hill, Peckham Road, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ADVERTIZING, WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE
IN COMMUNICATING INFORMATION FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
:-
The object of the Invention is to present to the eye a succession of
objects which may be constantly changing and when space is of im-
portance the same space may progressively be occupied by many distinct
objects. For this purpose the objects to be exhibited are arranged to
succeed each other upon a continuous fabric the ends of which are
connected to rollers so that whilst a winding on to one is effected a
corresponding unwinding will take place in relation to the other. And
this winding or unwinding of the rollers is effected by clockwork or
other moving power which is provided with a change motion so that
when a winding to the extent desired has been effected in one direction
on one roller the winding back may be effected on to the other and so

page_text: on. Stop motion is also applied to retain any subject or portion of the
succession in view when desired, or motion may be applied to produce
a back or other motion when desired. In some cases, particularly, as in
the exhibition of music, the time of motion may be varied by varying
the time of beat of the regulator. This may be effected by motion to
the weight of the pendulum or balance or other regulator employed or
by change gear. Stops or intervals may also be employed by the action
of clockwork employed as in barrel organs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES TO BE USED AS Food
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1870.
I, RICHARD JONES, of Botolph Lane, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES TO BE USED AS
Food," to be as follows:-
:―
The Invention relates to means for effecting the removal of atmospheric
air and gases from the receivers or cases containing the matters to be
preserved and also from the tissues or parts of such matters.
In carrying out my improvements the matters to be preserved are
placed in suitable cases, usually of tin, which are closed after being filled,
except that a small aperture is left in each for the escape of the air and
gases to be removed. These cases thus filled with the matters to be
preserved are placed in liquid in a suitable open chamber, the liquid
being heated to a cooking temperature, or they are otherwise heated.
When the cooking has been sufficiently effected, supposing liquid to
have been employed for this heating, either the liquid is removed and
the chamber closed air-tight, or the cases are placed in another
chamber made air-tight. In either event by suitable exhaust eppe.rates

page_text: air and gases are withdrawn from the chamber, and from the interior of
the cases and from the contained matters. When this exhaustion has
been allowed to proceed to the extent desired the passage to the exhaust
apparatus is closed and liquid, gravy, or other suitable juice, liquid, or
fluid is allowed to flow into the chamber, and thence by the apertures
in the cases and their interior so as to occupy any space therein un-
occupied by the contained matters to be preserved. When sufficient
liquid or fluid has been allowed to flow into the cases, either the liquid
or fluid just used is withdrawn from this chamber, or the cases are
removed to another chamber or bath in order that heat may be applied
to the cases to create steam therein, and thereby drive off any remaining:
air or gases from them and from the contained matters. When this has.
been fully effected the apertures are sealed, completing the operation..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIFE FROM FIRE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
March 1870.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN, of 4, John's Place, Mitcham, in the County of
Surrey, Japanner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIFE FROM FIRE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the rescue of those within buildings
on fire in danger of perishing. Near to the coping, and if possible above
the highest windows in a series of buildings or street is fixed by brackets
at a convenient distance from the wall a continuous tramway which
may be carried across a street by means of girders if necessary, which
tramway is suitably constructed for the reception of a wheeled carriage
capable of easily running upon it and bearing a bell. Dependent from
this carriage and hung by an ordinary block and tackle is a cage suited
to contain one or more persons, the running tackle connecting it with
the carriage above being worked by those inside it. To the underneath
of this cage a line is attached, by means of which those in the street can
readily move the carriage and cage from house to house, and if requisite
from street to strect. The cage and tackle to be kept in a locked recep-

page_text: tacle in or on a wall at a convenient height from the ground, the police
having the keys in their charge. Should the street be on an incline the
apparatus would of course be kept at the top of such incline.
The Invention is eminently adapted for facilitating the external
painting or cleaning the windows of a dwelling or other building.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REEFING AND STOWING THE SAILS OF SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rowden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 2nd April
1870.
I, WILLIAM ROWDEN, of Whitstable, in the County of Kent, Master
Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REEFING AND STOWING THE SAILS OF SHIPS OR
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved means or apparatus for recfing and stowing
the sails of ships or vessels is intended to apply to top sails and other
square sails above them.
In carrying out my Invention and applying it to the top sail, this
sail is divided as is now frequently the case, the lower half of the top
sail being secured to a fixed yard and the upper half to a moveable yard
As regards
which is capable of being moved up and down the masts.
top-gallant sails, royals, and sky sails, there is no necessity for dividing
them, and therefore they are only secured in the usual manner to their
yards. If preferred the small square sails above the top sail may be
reefed and stowed in the ordinary manner, and my improvement only
applied to the top sails and top-gallant sail. In order to reef or stow

page_text: Round each of
rotated from the
reef, furl, or stow
any of these sails they are rolled up on a foot rope or a light boom
secured to their bottom edge. In order to effect this rolling up of the
sails from the bottom this part of the sail, or the foot rope, or light
boom to which it is attached is provided at each end with a roller,
which turns in bearings fixed on the yard below it.
these rollers is wound a rope, whereby they may be
deck without going aloft. When it is required to
the sail, the yard is lowered so as to loosen the sail, which may then
be rolled up on the foot rope or lower boom by pulling on the ropes on
the rollers. To set the sail it will only be necessary to haul on the
haulyard (from which the yard of the sail is suspended), and thereby
haul up the yard and unroll the sail from the foot rope or lower boom.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hadfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1870.
I, WILLIAM HADFIELD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows :-
-
The Invention relates to a novel arrangement of apparatus to bo
employed for governing the fall and compensating for the increasing
weight of the cloth beam of looms as the cloth accumulates thereupon,
in lieu of levers and weights hitherto employed for the same purpose,
the Invention being designed for the purpose of facilitating and
expediting the process of displacing and replacing the cloth roller in its
position under the said or other roller, first receiving the cloth after its
passing over the breast beam. And the improvements-consist-in-causing
the ends of the roller entering the slots formed in the loom frame to rest
or bear upon the upper plane or surface forming the line of diameter of a
segmental or half circle wheel supported on a stud, the ends of the cloth
roller when empty bearing upon the surface furthermost from the centre

page_text: upon which such segmental wheel turns, the opposite end of the centre
forming a counterbalance; the teeth of this wheel gear into a pinion
fixed upon a boss, on one end of which a break pulley or wheel is
secured, and both are supported by a bracket screwed to the stretcher
or framing of the loom. Around this second wheel a metal clip or
other strap is passed, one, end of which is permanently secured to
the frame, and the other end, after passing around the pulley or wheel,
is attached to a spring and screw passing through a fixing underneath,
whilst a tightening nut is placed for the purpose of regulating the
clip or trap upon the wheel; thus as the cloth roller increases in 1
diameter with the accumulation of cloth thercupon it presses upon
and causes the segmental wheel slightly to revolve. The amount of
pressure exerted by the cloth roller for this purpose being compensated
for and regulated through the medium of friction exerted by the friction
clip or strap on the periphery of the pulley on the pinion shaft gearing
on the segmental wheel. When it is desired to remove the cloth roller
out and from contact with the upper roller the pinion is drawn out of
gear from the segmental wheel, at which time the cloth roller is relieved
from its compensating support, enabling it thereby to be readily removed
for unwinding or other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING AND HEATING ROOMS AND OTHER PLACES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bailey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1870.
I, RICHARD BAILEY, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster,
Schoolmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING AND HEATING ROOMS AND OTHER PLACES AND
APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists,―
First. Of hollow backs or back and sides fitted to register and other
grates into which the pure air is admitted by means of a pipe or pipes,
one end of the same being connected with the hollow back, and the
other end with the street, lane, or other part from which pure air can be
obtained. After the air has been heated in the hollow back it is carried
to the room by means of a pipe or pipes, which have at the end furthest
from the hollow back a sliding grating or similar means for regulating
the amount of air to be admitted to the apartment. The hollow back
may consist of iron or other material, and may be of any shape or
design.

page_text: The next part of my Invention is the enamelling of the inside of the
hollow backs by any suitable well known method to prevent any chemical
action taking place by the heated iron or other metals coming in contact
with the air passing through, and so vitiating the air to be breathed in
the apartment.
The next part of my Invention consists of partitions crossing the
hollow back so as to divide it into triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons,
or any other regular or irregular figures, so as to have as much heated
surface exposed to the air as possible.
In some cases where desirable these hollow backs will have connected
with them hollow bars to the grate through which the air passes to be
heated. These bars may be placed in front of the fire, or in the middle,
or at the back,
This Invention may be applied to heating greenhouses and other
buildings. There may also be a hollow bottom to the fire-place, or part
of the bottom may be hollow.