Improvements in Pipe Fittings.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 27th June, 1893-Accepted, 29th July, 1893
CODE DUID STEIFICATION.
Improvements in Pipe Fittings.
I, JOHN MCINTYRE, of 46, Ogden Avenue, Jersey City, in the County of
Hudson, and State of New Jersey, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a new and improved pipe fitting which
is simple and durable in construction and arranged to prevent leakage in screw
pipe joints.
The invention consists of a coupling, a follower having threaded connection with
the said coupling and provided with a second thread adapted to be engaged by the
pipe to be coupled and a packing ring having an interior and exterior screw thread
and arranged between the coupling and follower so that the latter, on being screwed
up, compresses the packing ring on the said coupling, and the pipe to be coupled.
The invention also consists of certain parts and details and combinations of
the same, as will be hereinafter described and then pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this
Specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in
all the figures.
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of the improvement as arranged on an
elbow coupling;
Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same on the line 2-2 of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a sectional side elevation of a modified form of the improvement, as
arranged on an elbow coupling;
Figure 4 is a transverse section of the same on the line 4-4 of Figure 3;
Figures 5 and 6 are sectional side elevations showing the construction for forming
the screw-thread packing ring.
Figure 7 is a sectional side elevation of another modified form of the improve-
ment illustrating a tangential compression of the packing ring; and
Figure 8 is a cross section of the same on the line 8-8 of Figure 7.
In the pipe fittings as heretofore constructed, considerable difficulty has been
experienced in forming a complete fluid tight joint, as the packing ring could not
be sufficiently and uniformly compressed to render all the parts of the joint tight
to prevent leakage. With the fitting presently to be described in detail, I am
enabled to securely connect the pipe with the coupling and to render leakage
through the joint impossible.
As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the pipe A is provided at its tapering end with
the usual thread A¹ adapted to engage at its forward end the interior thread B¹
formed in the elbow or other coupling B.
The rear part of the thread A' is engaged by a thread C₁ formed internally on
the recessed follower or nut C also provided with a second thread C engaging an
exterior second thread B2 on the coupling B. An annular space is formed around
the thread A' between the end of the coupling and the inner face of the follower C,
the said space and thread C¹ each occupying about one-quarter of the length
of the thread A', and the thread B' the remaining one-half.
The annular space is filled out by a packing ring D made of a compressible
material preferably lead, having an interior thread D'engaging the thread A' and
an exterior thread D' engaging the thread C2 of the follower C.
The several threads are of like pitch to fit and to tie the coupling B and the
pipe A.
.
In order to properly tap the coupling B, the follower C and the packing ring D

page_text: to fit the threaded end of the pipe A, I proceed as follows: The exterior screw
thread B is first cut on the coupling B, and the screw thread C' is formed
on the follower C and then I place between the end of the elbow coupling B and
the follower C, one or two hard metal disks E (see Figure 5) aggregating the
proposed thickness of the packing ring D, and then I screw the follower C on to
the elbow coupling B to clamp said disks in place as in said figure. I then tap as
usual by a suitable tool, so that screw threads C¹ and B' are cut on the follower C
and the elbow coupling B respectively. Now, in order to arrange the packing ring
in the pipe coupling the follower is unscrewed, the disks are removed and the
follower again screwed onto the coupling B. A mandrel F resembling the pipe A
is now temporarily and loosely screwed into the elbow coupling B and the
follower C (see Figure 6) after which about a quarter turn inward along the mandrel
is given to the follower C to slightly enlarge the annular space, and then the
molten metal for forming the packing ring D is poured through a pouring hole G
in the follower, into the previously mentioned annular space to fill the same.
When the metal has sufficiently cooled the pouring hole is plugged up. the mandrel
is then unscrewed and the thread D¹ is thus left standing in the packing ring,
and the coupling is ready to receive the tapered screw threaded end A' of the
pipe A.
The reason for pouring in the molten metal with the follower C screwed back a
trifle, is to cause the tapered and threaded end A¹ of the pipe A to tighten first in
the follower C and the packing ring D, and in screwing home the pipe the follower is
caused to travel along on its other screw thread C, and at the same time revolve
the threaded packing ring whereby, with a small amount of friction and a slight
exertion on the part of the operator, the packing ring is powerfully compressed
and packed into every pore and cavity of the surrounding parts of the pipe, elbow
coupling and follower.
As there are no unthreaded joints whatever the packing ring material cannot
escape when compressed.
It is understood that the follower can at any time be screwed up against the
packing ring by a wrench or other suitable tool.
As illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, the end of the elbow coupling is recessed
instead of the follower, but the above described mode of procedure and the result
are precisely the same.
The outer end of the follower in this case is provided with an octagon extension
for conveniently applying a wrench or other suitable tool to screw up the follower
to compress the packing ring whenever necessary, so as to render the joint very
tight. In addition to the compression by the screwing up of the coupling members,
as above described, I may employ a set of screws H shown in Figures 3 and 4,
which screws in one of the coupling members and presses on the packing ring, so
that when the set screw is screwed up, the packing ring is further compressed in
the fitting.
As illustrated in Figure 7, the compression of the cast ring on the straight taper
pipe may be accomplished by screws H only and in this case the metal packing
ring D is cast in an annular groove in the coupling B and the follower is omitted.
The inner diameter of the cast ring D is less than the largest diameter of the
coupling and not less however than the least diameter of the coupling so that the
pipe readily screws into the coupling and ring.
A tangential pressure may also be exerted exteriorly on the packing ring, as
illustrated in Figure 8. In order to exert this tangential pressure I may employ
various means, but prefer a screw I screwing in a socket J on one side of either
the follower or the elbow coupling, and leading tangentially to the annular space
to be occupied by the packing ring, so that when the metal is cast into the said
annular space it also extends into part of the socket J, thus forming a tangential
arm on the packing ring. This tangential arm is pressed on by the inner end of
the screw I when the latter is screwed up so that a tangential pressure is applied on
the packing ring and the latter is very firmly compressed throughout.

page_text: As illustrated in Figure 8, I may employ two or more such screws of which the
other screw I is arranged on the opposite side of the respective coupling member
and likewise screws in a socket J' against a second arm formed tangentially on the
packing ring. The two screws I and I' screw in the opposite directions to exert a
pressure on the ring in the same direction, but on points located about diagonally
opposite each other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. A pipe fitting comprising a coupler, a follower having a threaded connection
with the said coupling and provided with a second thread adapted to be engaged
by the pipe to be coupled, and a packing ring having an interior and exterior
screw-thread and arranged between the coupling and follower so that the latter on
being screwed up compresses the packing ring on the said coupling, and the pipe
to be coupled, substantially as shown and described.
2. A pipe fitting comprising a pipe having a threaded end, a coupling having
two threads of which one is engaged by part of the said pipe end, a recessed
follower screwing on part of the said pipe and engaging the other coupling
thread, and a packing ring screwing on the remaining intermediate part of the
pipe end and also screwing on the said recessed follower, substantially as shown
and described.
3. A pipe fitting comprising a coupling, a packing ring, a follower for the said
ring, the said coupling ring and follower having each two threads of different
diameter, and the connected follower and coupling presenting an internal thread to
the external thread of the said ring, substantially as shown and described.
4. A pipe fitting comprising a coupling, a packing ring arranged in the said
coupling and having an internal screw thread adapted to engage the pipe to be
coupled, and screws for exerting a pressure on the said packing ring, substantially
as shown and described.
5. A pipe fitting comprising a coupling, having an annular groove, a packing
ring cast therein and formed at its inner surface with threads having a diameter
less than the largest diameter of the coupling, and not than the least diameter
of the coupling, the said ring being adapted to engage the straight taper pipe, and
screws held in the said coupling for compressing the said packing ring, substantially
as shown and described.
6. A pipe fitting comprising a coupling, a packing ring arranged in the said
coupling and provided with tangential arms, and set screws exerting a pressure on
the said tangential arms to tangentially compress the said packing ring, substantially
as shown and described.
Dated this 27th day of June 1895.
Dated this 27th day of June 1895.
J. MINTIKE,
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.