matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND ENGINES AND IN APPARATUS CON- NECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Addy Hopkinson, and Alfred
Ridings at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th March 1860.
We, JOHN ADDY, HOPKINSON, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Engineer, and ALFRED RIDINGS, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, Boiler Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND ENGINES AND IN APPARATUS CON-
NECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in steam boilers relate, firstly, to that description or form
of boiler in which pressure on the flues is external, and consists in the appli-
cation of an elastic part to such flues, so that when the unequal expansion of
the flue and shell take place, the said elastic part will be pressed outward or
inward according to the construction, without straining the ends or outward
shell, and to accomplish this we employ an expansion flange or flanges placed
on any portion of the flue or at the outward end.
Secondly, our Invention refers to. staying the flues of boilers when the
pressure is external. This we accomplish by means of hoops or rings which
may be formed in segments or in one piece and combined with bolts and nuts
or rivets, which draw the flue outward so as to prevent collapse.
Thirdly, our Invention relates to a method of strengthening the ends of
boilers generally. To effect which we tie the said ends to the sides by means of

page_text: cross bars and bolts.
tuting abutments for
Thus to the side shell we affix a plate or plates consti-
cross bars between which bolts attached to the boiler
ends are passed, and these bolts being drawn. by nuts effect the required
staying.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLDERING IRONS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th January 1860.-A communication from abroad by Maria Louise
Burbank, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York and United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLDERING
IRONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of an improvement in the construction of soldering irons
consists in constructing the soldering iron in such a way that gas may be
introduced into the implement and burnt at the exterior of the same, so that
the implement may be heated more economically, and even with greater
facility than by the usual charcoal fire. To this end a tube, which forms the
handle, is adapted to the inner end of the soldering instrument, which is
surrounded by a perforated case, so that when gas is allowed to pass down
the hollow handle and out of holes made therein, it will issue from the per-
forations of the case, and, when ignited, will heat the soldering instrument. A
A flexible tube is adapted to the other end of the tubular handle for the purpose
of conveying gas to the perforated outer case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS POR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dean, James Knowles, and
Thomas Knowles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th February 1860.
We, THOMAS DEAN, JAMES KNOWLES, and THOMAS KNOWLES, of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
POR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
Instead of the ordinary cylinder and piston for giving motion to the first
moving power by means of steam or other agent, we use or employ a double
tube or slide tube with a cross resisting plate in or about the centre thereof, on
which the steam or other motive agent acts above and below it, thereby giving
the necessary up-and-down motions in vertical engines, but the same principle
will apply to horizontal or diagonal engines.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PAYING-OUT SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sinnock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1860.
I, WILLIAM SINNOCK, of Brompton, in the County of Kent, Ropery Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR PAYING-OUT SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to render the operation of submerging
telegraph cables perfectly practicable and safe in any weather, and to ensure a
certain and uniform amount of tension upon the cable in paying-out, however
uncertain and irregular the rate of speed or motion of the vessel may bo. It
is proposed to accomplish theso objects by means of a self-acting speed
regulator (being a mechanical arrangement, as herein-after described,)
attached to the delivery drum of the cable on board the vessel, so that the
speed of delivery will be determined and accelerated or diminished by and
according to the motion of the hull, and made exactly equal to the speed
thereof through all its undulatory movements, the cable being consequently
payed out with one uniform degree of tension thereon under all the varied
impulses and circumstances. The mechanical mode of determining and
regulating the speed of delivery is to gear or connect the cable delivery drum
shaft with the engine driving shaft by a pair of inverse action expanding
riggers, regulated for driving in either direction by a spur pinion, which is
impelled by a wormed cross shaft, which is motioned by a pair of immersed

page_text: water wheels so made and placed upon or under the hull of the vessel that
alternating motion of the spur pinion is imparted thereto by and according to
the rise and fall only of the hull of the vessel, thus constituting in its whole a
complete self-acting speed regulator, especially adapted for paying-out sub-
marine telegraph cables.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS AND LOCOMOTIVE CARRIAGES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. William Griffith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th January
1860.
J, WILLIAM GRIFFITH, of Hitchin, in the County of Herts, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING
VESSELS AND LOCOMOTIVE CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in propelling vessels consists in the appli-
cation and employment of a chamber or cylinder and piston below the water
line for the indraught and expulsion of water, in combination with a vacuum
more or less perfect acting on the one sido of the piston while the other side
is in the act of expelling the water, whereby greater power of resistance is
offered to the piston, consequently a better fulcrum or abutment against which
to press for the propulsion of the vessel. For this purpose, and according to
my Invention, I employ a horizontal cylinder placed parallel with the keel of
the vessel, and by preference at a depth of not less than ten feet below the
water line. I place this cylinder near the stern, and fit it at each end with
inlet and outlet valves to regulate the inflow and escape of the external water
in which the vessel is immersed. These valves are actuated and controlled by
the motions of the piston rod or other parts of the driving machinery. The
water cylinder or chamber is fitted with a suitable piston working water-tight
therein, and connected directly by a rod to the piston of a steam cylinder of
equal stroke. The water and steam cylinders are double-acting during the
one stroke, the water being expelled from the cylinder directly aft while during

page_text: the opposite stroke, although leaving the cylinder in the opposite direction,
it is conducted by suitable channels into the same direction and outlet. In
working, the induction valves are closed during the time the piston is receding
from either one, and this during a greater or lesser part of the stroke. If this
is the case during the whole or greater part of the stroke, the piston should
remain stationary at the ends of its course for some short period, in order to
afford time for the influx of the water to fill the cylinder after the induction
valves open.
The reverse action of the piston then takes place with the
pressure of water against it on the one side, and the vacuum on the other,
and so on. The induction valves may draw the water from the bottom sides,
or with greater advantage from the bows of the vessel. The escape of the
water from the cylinder can be diverted by suitable channels, so as either to
back, turn round, or steer the vessel, as well understood.
In the application of my Invention to carriages on railways and other
locomotive purposes on land, I employ the same description of apparatus; but
instead of water I employ the air for the propulsion of carriages, in like
manner to the water for the propulsion of vessels.
AN IMPROVED RIPLE BALL
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Dunkley Reynolds at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd February 1860.-A communication from abroad by William Stow,
of Utica, Oneida Co., State of N. Y., North America.
I, EDWARD DUNKLEY REYNOLDS, of Southville, Bedminster, in the City and
County of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED RIPLE BALL," communicated to me from abroad by William
Stow, of Utica, Oneida Co., State of N. Y., North America, to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to so form a rifle ball as that it shall effect
the cleaning of the barrel at each discharge of the ball therefrom, and also to
throw the principal part of the weight of the material of which the ball is
formed to the fore part of the said ball. To effect these objects, I propose to
form the body of the ball cylindrical, with a flat base, and the fore part of a
conical form, as ordinarily practised, the present Invention and improvement
consisting in forming a broad cylindrical groove or recess around the body of
the ball nearest to the base thereof, say about half the length of the body of
the said ball; the aforesaid groove I propose to fill or bind round with an
elastic fibrous substance, or flexible yielding material, for example, twine or
hemp, same fitting and adapting itself closely to the bore of the barrel when
forced through the same, thereby lightening the weight of the ball at the base
thereof, and serving to cleanse the barrel as it passes through the same, as
above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN CARRIAGES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1860.
I, JOSIAH JONES, junior, of Liverpool, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in gun carriages. Here-
tofore gun carriages have been constructed with reference to the guns carried
thereby, being moved on trunnions as centres or axes of motion, in order to
obtain the requisite elevation of the guns. Now, according to my Invention.
a gun carriage is constructed in such manner that the fore part of the gun
may be supported in a suitable bearing, and so that the fore part of the gun,
when in a position to be fired, may remain constant, or as nearly so as may be,
whilst the elevation is obtained by moving the after part of the gun upwards
and downwards. The centre or axis of motion of the gun according to my
Invention is at or near its fore end, in place of being, as it now is, on
trunnions near to the breech or after end of the gun. By these means the
openings or port holes through which guns are fired may be greatly reduced in
size. In carrying out my Invention when using guns of the ordinary con-
struction, in place of the bearings for the trunnions being fixed to the carriages
as heretofore, the bearings are arranged to rise and fall, so that the after parts
of the guns may be raised and lowered, whilst the fore ends of the guns are
supported in bearings connected with the front ends of the carriages; such
bearings for the fore ends of the guns may, however, be separate from the

page_text: carriages. In constructing new guns and carriages for the same, it will be
evident that the trunnions now used may be dispensed with, and provision
made in the carriages for holding and for raising and lowering the after parts
of the guns by other means.
A HYDRO-DYNAMICAL RE-ACTING ROTARY STEAM ENGINE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at. the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
March 1860. A communication from abroad. by William Henry
Christian Voss, Civil Engineer, of Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of
Wurtemberg.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, 123, Chancery
Lane, London, Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A HYDRO-DYNAMICAL RE-ACTING ROTARY STEAM ENGINE," a commu-
nication from abroad by William Henry Christian Voss, Civil Engineer, of
Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Wurtemberg, to be as follows:-
The steam from the boiler is admitted: alternately upon the surfaces of
heated water in two vertical reservoirs, connected at the bottom to a horizontal
reservoir having a vertical partition in the middle, through which passes
hollow shafting, mounted with re-acting wheels,. the passages of which, in con-
nection with the interior of the shafts, form a communication with the two.
vertical reservoirs, the latter being furnished with covers, stuffing boxes, and.
also communications with the boiler and cold water supply. The steam
pressing upon the water in one of the reservoirs, and being condensed in the
other by the injection of cold water, will cause the water to rise into the second.
reservoir on account of the partial vacuum, and in its passage to the highest.
part of the reservoir it passes through an internal re-acting disc with curved
rectangular openings, arranged so that the disc may acquire a motion. of 90

page_text: which is employed for acting on the levers and passages for regulating the
supply of steam and water, by which means, when injection water is supplied
to the first reservoir and steam to the second, the water rises up in the first
reservoir, and when arrived at the top, by acting on a similar re-acting disc to
that before described, causes the same change.
Thus by the alternate ingress of steam in one reservoir and the condensation
in the other, the water is moved up and down in the two communicating reser-
voirs with great violence, passing at the same time through the aforesaid
re-acting wheels and hollow shafting which forms the communication between
the two reservoirs, and turning them round with a speed and power proportional
to the action of the water, the passages of the re-acting wheels being arranged
so that the shafting shall have rotary motion in one direction from the alternate
motion of the bulk of water.
The steam is generated in a boiler of any suitable construction, which with
the reservoirs and parts connected with them are attached to framework of
wood or metal, as may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, TRUCKS, ENGINES, AND OTHER VEHICLES, SO FAR AS THE BALANCING POWER, SPRINGS, AND BUFFERS ARE CONCERNED
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Wheeler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th December
1860.
I, ARTHUR WHEELER, of Banner Cross, Sheffield, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, TRUCKS, ENGINES, AND OTHER VEHICLES, SO
FAR AS THE BALANCING POWER, SPRINGS, AND BUFFERS ARE CONCERNED," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the substitution for the springs now employed in
railway carriages of a series of levers working in connection with one central
spring, by which means the carriage and the couplings are balanced, and the
great expence of separate springs for the wheels, buffers, and couplings
of railway carriages is avoided. In some instances the arrangement of
levers may be employed working without the addition of the central spring;
the levers being so arranged as to adjust the weight as required. By con-
necting the brake to a series of levers, the carriage may be almost instan-
taneously stopped when required.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING FENCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Louis Jullion at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1860. A communication from abroad by Archibald Kelly, of Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania, in the United States of America, a foreigner residing
abroad.
I, JOHN LOUIS JULLION, of Tynemouth, in the County of Northumberland,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR MAKING FENCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improved machinery for making fences consists of a novel
arrangement of machinery, whereby fences may be made of any length by a
combination of wire strands and wooden or metal vertical bars, posts, or
palings.
In carrying out the Invention the wire which is to form the strands, and of
which the horizontal bars of the fence are composed, is wound on pairs of
bobbins attached to a rotating spindle, and arranged in such a manner that the
wires may be twisted together to form a strand. Two or more of these hori-
zontal strands may be employed to form a fence, and the vertical posts, bars,
or palings are placed between the wires which form the strands, and are by
means of a reciprocating carriage pushed firmly up into the angle formed by
the junction of the two wires, and are held there while the wires are being
twisted for the purpose of securing the vertical palings or bars in their proper
place. As the fencing is thus produced it is drawn forward, and either wound
upon a work reel or roller, or it may be drawn out of the machine and cut up
into convenient and suitable lengths for use.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO OR CONNECTED WITH STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MOTIVE MECHANISM, WITH THE VIEW TO ECONOMISE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ambrose Coffey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1860.
I, JOHN AMBROSE COFFEY, of Providence Row, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO OR CONNECTED WITH STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER
MOTIVE MECHANISM, WITH THE VIEW TO ECONOMISE POWER," to be as follows:--
This Invention has for its object the economising the quantity of fuel or power
required to effect a given purpose by arranging the mechanism so as to apply
the power, not as hitherto practised, near to the axis of the driving shaft or
centro of motion of the thing to be set in motion, or at such a distance from
the centre of motion of the thing to be set in motion as shall afford the
greatest force of leverage that may be compatible with the other requirements
of the object to be effected, and so that such leverage shall obtain the greatest
available effect in overcoming the resistance to be dealt with. As one illustra-
tion of what I purpose to effect, take the case of a steam engine applied to
move large paddle wheels; in this case, instead of employing, as is usual, a
crank connected to the paddle shaft, the extreme radius of which crank is very
considerably less than any radii of the paddle wheel, I employ a large toothed
wheel, which should be of the same or nearly the same, or of greater diameter
than the paddle, and this wheel is keyed upon or secured to the paddle shaft,
and is acted upon by another toothed wheel or otherwise, so as to receive power
from a small steam engine (instead of a large one, as ordinarily required) or

page_text: from other suitable prime mover employed; or, instead of the toothed or spur
wheel, I could have an annuli of teeth affixed to the paddle wheel, which could
be acted upon by any suitable mechanical arrangements; or, instead of a single
wheel, I could have, a system of multiplying wheels, the last of which wheels
may be set up on the paddle shaft, by which last-mentioned arrangement-it-
will not be necessary to have any one wheel of the system of so great a radius
as the paddle wheel. In some cases, a system of large levers or large cranks
may be employed, or an arrangement of screw or other shafting, and toothed
or other wheels.
Although I have given a paddle wheel which, as an illustration of my In-
vention, it is obvious that it may either in the described or in a modified
manner be applied to screw propellers, and to other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE- PARING FOR AND IN WARPING AND SIZING WOOLLEN AND WORSTED AND OTHER YARNS AND THREADS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marland, at the Office of
the Commisioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1860.
I, JOHN MARLAND, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-
PARING FOR AND IN WARPING AND SIZING WOOLLEN AND WORSTED AND OTHER YARNS
AND THREADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing for and in
warping and sizing woollen and worsted and other yarns and threads. In the
first place the yarn or thread as it comes from the spinner, either on bobbins
or cops, is rewound upon long conical bobbins or tubes, which are made to
hold as much yarn or thread as is practicable for the purpose. These bobbins or
tubes are then placed in a creel or frame where a friction is applied to each
independent yarn or thread. The means of obtaining this friction consists in
passing the thread or yarn through an eye, and afterwards, in nearly parallel
lines, partly round upright pins, gaining the necessary friction from the group
of pins used; the yarn or thread is then unwound from the creel or frame, and
is placed upon a reel in sections of any number of threads that may be required
to form the warp. When small quantities are required the yarn or thread is
sized and dried in this operation alone, but when large quantities are required
the warp is placed in a dry state upon the reel, and the yarn or thread is then
sized, dressed, dried, and beamed upon the loom beam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARKERS FOR BILLIARDS, CRICKET, WHIST, OR OTHER GAMES OF SKILL OR CHANCE, A MODIFICATION OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR INDICATING YEARS, MONTHS, DAYS, AND DATES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th September
1860.
I, JOSEPH HINE, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Fancy
Cabinet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARKERS FOR BILLIARDS, CRICKET, WHIST, OR OTHER GAMES
OF SKILL OR CHANCE, A MODIFICATION OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR INDICATING
YEARS, MONTHS, DAYS, AND DATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of one or more discs or surfaces of metal, ivory,
card, or other suitable material, so arranged that they shall show or register
the required number whether the number be that of each point, or number
of the game, the number of games or the resulting rubbers (if such be played),
as won or lost by each party. These discs or surfaces are so arranged that
no alteration in the indicated number can be made without striking an alarm
which intimates to the players and bystanders that an alteration has been
made in the numbers, and these discs or surfaces registering the numbers
cannot be reversed so as to show a lower number than that indicated when the
last alarm or stroke in moving the marker has been sounded. These markers
are made to register either each point or number of the game alone, the
number of games played, the number of rubbers won or lost, or any desired or
requisite combination of the above.

page_text: The disc has figures or numbers marked thereon, and is placed behind a
dial having a hole in the face, and is turned by hand by means of a knob on
the outside so as to expose one or more figures to view as required. At the
back of the disc is a ratchet wheel furnished with as many teeth as there are
numbers on the disc, and a spring acts against the said teeth so as to prevent
the disc from being turned in the wrong direction, and the sound of this
spring overrunning the teeth indicates that the score is being altered, and by
counting the sounds or "clicks" thus caused, the number of points scored can
be ascertained. When only one set of figures is required for the marking,
no further mechanism is employed, but where more than one disc is required so
as to register points, games, rubbers, and so forth, the additional discs must
be connected to the main disc by suitable toothed gearing (the dial having
corresponding holes also), or if preferred, each disc is furnished with a sepa-
rate knob, ratchet wheel, and spring.
A modification of the same may be used as a marker for years, months, and
days, and will at the same time serve the purpose of a paper weight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rolfe Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1860.
I, JOHN ROLFE HUNT of Chichester Place, Wandsworth Road, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES," to be as follows:―
This Invention is designed to obviate the objection attending the use of
tobacco pipes as at present constructed, namely, the rising of the oil from the
tobacco into the mouth of the smoker during the burning of the tobacco in
the act of smoking the same; I propose to effect these improvements by con-
structing the bowls, and stems of tobacco pipes in the following manner :-
Take for example a meerschaum pipe, the tube thereof is usually fitted at one
end with a piece of cork, which fits into the bowl of the pipe, and the other end
is fitted with a mouthpiece, and it is in these parts that I make my improve-
ments; first, as regards the part that fits into the bowl of the pipe, I form that
part that screws into the tube conical or tapering upwards, and about one inch
and a half in length, more or less, so as to leave a space around it and the
bore of the tube in which it is screwed, so that in the act of smoking, the oil
as it passes through the bore of the said taper piece falls by its gravity down the
outside of said piece and is deposited in the space around it at the bottom of the
tube, and thus almost entirely prevents the oil from rising up the tube to the
mouthpiece and dropping back into the pipe; I also form the lower part of the

page_text: mouthpiece in a similar manner to the foregoing, that is to say, tapering, so as to
leave a space around it and the bore of the tube as aforesaid, so that any oil
which may have risen shall be prevented as near as may be from passing up
the bore of said mouthpiece.
For "cutty pipes," or pipes with short clay or china or wood bowls
intended to fit into tubes I form that part of the bowl thereof, which is to fit
into the tube tapering as aforesaid, so as to leave space around such part
when inserted in the bore of the tube; I also form the mouthpiece in a similar
manner; the tubes of pipes thus constructed may be more easily cleansed than
ordinary pipe tubes and require cleaning less often, it being simply neces-
sary whilst smoking to occasionally unscrew the cork end of the tube, or to
remove this end of the tube from the bowl, as the case may be, by which any
oil that may have accumulated in the tube may be readily discharged
therefrom.
This Invention applies to all kinds of tobacco pipes without regard to the
materials of which they may be made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDLASSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1860.
I, EDMUND WALKER, of London Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WINDLASSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the combined employment in windlasses of a
purchase or lifter, constructed according to the Invention patented by Jonathan
Wardill, the 8th November 1858, No. 2495, or of any purchase constructed
and acting similarly thereto, with a break in the form of a band or strap
carried round any suitable part of the windlass for the purpose of gradually
stopping the cable during the paying out thereof, similar to that patented by
John Avery, the 6th August 1855, No. 1777, and with the ordinary purchase
ratchet wheel and ratchet. My claim will be for the combination of three
parts, none of which, separately considered, is new, viz., the Wardill or other
similar purchase, the Avery or other similar break, and the ordinary ratchet
purchase.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bashley Britten at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1860.
I, BASHLEY BRITTEN, of Sydenham Hill, Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES," to be
as follows:
The object of this Invention is to prepare the ordinary spherical shot and
shells in such a manner as to enable them to be fired with advantage from
rifled guns.
guns. My plan will be understood by reference to the Drawing given
below, shewing a section of a spherical shot or shell prepared according to this
Invention.
A is the spherical iron shot or shell; B is a ring or band of lead round the
shot, formed as shewn; C is a wooden disc or bottom fitted into the cavity

page_text: formed by the angle of the lead attached to the shot. This wooden bottom is
screwed to the lead with common screws, and though useful is not indis-
pensable.
The lead is attached to the shot or shells in the following manner :-The
iron having been first cleansed from impurities by immersion in the common
acid pickle, generally used for such purposes, is coated over with zinc or tin
solder, in a similar manner to that usually employed for tinning iron plates.
While the zinc or solder is in a heated state, the shot is placed in a mould of
suitable form containing molten lead; on cooling, the lead becomes firmly
attached to the shot by the coating of zinc or solder. The shot is then removed
from the mould.
The shot or shells so prepared are placed in the gun with the lead (with or
without the wood bottom) towards the powder. On the explosion of the charge
the lead is pressed forward and thus made to expand laterally, so as to fill the
bore of the gun and also the rifling. The action of the rifling on the lead
causes the necessary axial rotation of the projectile during flight. !
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE DIES OR DRAW- PLATES USED IN DRAWING WIRE AND TUBES, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Moore and Paul Moore, the
younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th January 1860.
We, PAUL MOORE and PAUL MOORE, the younger, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE DIES OR DRAW-
PLATES USED IN DRAWING WIRE AND TUBES, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in chill-casting dies or draw-plates of iron or steel,
with plugs or mandrils of the requisite guages to form the holes inserted in
the ingot or mould; the die or draw-plate is then chill-cast round these plugs,
and thus, by withdrawing the plugs after the casting is made the holes are
formed; by this process the inner surfaces of the holes are chilled. The
holes being formed whilst the die is in a heated state, the plugs, whether of
iron or steel, are accurately turned in a lathe before being used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF CERTAIN FLUID BODIES, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Ernst Friedrich. Lüdeke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1860.
I, JOHANN ERNST FRIEDRICH LUDEKE, of Hanover, but now residing at
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER BY MEANS OF CERTAIN FLUID BODIES, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to certain mechanical arrangements acting in con-
junction with fluid bodies of great specific gravity for obtaining motive power.
The fluid I employ is mercury placed in suitable cisterns or chambers, acted
upon by a number of thin sheets or plates of metal placed vertically side by
side. Between two open fluid cisterns I place on an axis, equally balanced, a
beam or lever free to oscillate on its centre in a vertical direction; to each end
of this beam is connected a series of thin sheets or plates of metal, placed
parallel, side by side, in a vertical position, with an intervening space between
each plate; each series of plates is covered on the top by a shallow cap, the
purpose of which is to keep the top of the plates surrounded and enclosed by
a body of air; each plate above mentioned is so formed or arranged by known
means, that when required its surface can be greatly extended or diminished,
as desired; this is necessary for accomplishing the object of my Invention,
which is based upon the following discovery, viz., that the resistances offered
to the immersion of a thin plate in a body of mercury is proportionate to the.

page_text: superficial area of the plate. To retain, therefore, a series of plates, the areas
of which are the greater beneath the surface of the mercury, requires more
power than is required for the submersion of a series the areas of which are
the less. The beam, as before mentioned, is provided at each end with a
series of plates, which are plunged beneath the surface of mercury in the
cisterns, and so long as the superficial area of each series of plates remain
equal (the other part of the machine being equally balanced on the axis), the
whole remains in equalibrium; but on extending the surface of the plates in
one series, the end of the beam to which such series is attached will be lifted
by the rising of the plates towards the surface of the mercury, and by
alternately extending and diminishing the surface of the plates in each of the
series, a reciprocating motion will be imparted to the beam, which motion may
be applied by known means to a variety of useful purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR RETARDING AND STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Southam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1860.
I, EDWARD SOUTHAM, of the City of Manchester, Officer of Taxes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR RETARDING AND STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in making the breaks of railway wheels
of such a shape that when drawn into contact with the wheels of the engine,
tender, or carriages they act also upon the rails of the permanent way. The
lower part of the break is so shaped that when drawn against the wheel
it acts as a wedge, or the said lower part of the break may be shaped in
such a manner as to raise the wheel entirely off the rail, and thereby to
throw the weight of the carriage on to that part of the break which acts
on the rails of the permanent way. By this means the momentum and the
gravity of the engine, tender, or carriages are brought to bear on the breaks
for the purpose of rapidly retarding and stopping the train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS. AND WINCHES FOR HOISTING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE STEERING OF SHIPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Telfer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June-
1860.
I, JOHN TELFER, of 2, Argyle Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS.
AND WINCHES FOR HOISTING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
STEERING OF SHIPS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to raise heavy goods to any part of a
building or other place required, without the necessity of moving the hoisting
apparatus from one spot to another, and is effected in the following manner ::
-I propose placing the barrel or cylinder in a horizontal position instead of
vertically as heretofore, and attaching it to a revolving pillar so as to swing it-
round to any required angle. At the end of the barrel or cylinder nearest the-
pillar is an inner toothed wheel, into which takes a spur wheel for quick or
ordinary motion, but where much power is required a pinion is placed near
the spur wheel, which can be thrown into or out of gear as required, both.
wheels being actuated by a loose winch handle. When required to alter the
position of the cylinder it can be swung round with the pillar on a turntable,
said table having slots cut at intervals, into which falls a tongue to keep it in
the position required. When required for steering purposes the pillar and
cylinder are to be detached from the table and bolted to the ship's deck, the
tiller ropes or chains made fast on to the barrel, and the apparatus is then
ready for use.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ROUGHING HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Threlfall and John Austen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
3rd December 1860.
We, JOSEPH THRELFALL CARTER, of Sydenham, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, and JOHN AUSTEN, also of Sydenham, Job Master, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
ROUGHING HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in fixing to the fore part of horse-shoes a plate
carrying spikes or other projections. The inside of the plate carries a bar,
which bar is inserted between the inside of the shoe and the foot of the horse.
The front of the plate is turned up, and has fixed to it by means of a pin joint
a bar or lever, which lies down over the toe and on the front of the hoof. The
top of the bar or lever is fixed to a stirrup of metal or other suitable material,
which is passed round the heel and brought up over the top and front of
the hoof.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DRAW-BARS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hickman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1860.
I, JOHN HICKMAN, of Brampton Ash, in the County of Northampton, Iron-
stone Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DRAW-BARS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in giving elasticity to draw-bars for railway carriages
and trucks in the direction of their length. Draw-bars, as ordinarily constructed,
are rigid or inelastic in the direction of their length, although they are some-
times connected with carriages or trucks through elastic media, such as india-
rubber discs or conical steel springs.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I prefer to take an ordinary draw-bar,
that is, a draw-bar divided transversely, and join the divided parts by means of
two bow springs, the ends of the said bow springs being joined to the ends of
the divided draw-bar respectively. The two parts of the draw-bar are thus
rejoined by the said bow springs, and when the draw-bar is in use the sudden
snatch of the locomotive at starting is in part counteracted by the said bow
springs, which lengthen and become less curved. I make the said bow springs,
by preference, of tempered steel, and I join them to the draw-bar by pins, or
cottars, or otherwise. The force of the bow springs may be increased by a
spring placed between them so as to assist to maintaining their bow form.
The divided draw-bar may be joined by chains instead of bow springs, the
said chains being separated widely at the middle of their length by a spring or

page_text: springs placed between them; or, jointed bars or plates may be employed
instead of chains; or, instead of two or more bow springs a strip or plate of
steel having an undulating or wave-like figure may be employed; or, a single
plate of steel may be bent into an ellipse-like form and used instead of bow
springs
The essence of my Invention consists in giving elasticity to draw-bars in the
direction of their length.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COOLING BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clovis Wateau at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1860.
I, CLOVIS WATEAU, Merchant, of Marle, Aisné, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR COOLING BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The refrigeratory power of my improved cooler is based upon a quantity of
cold water in the interior of the apparatus, and an exterior surface for the
beer. The refrigerator is composed of two copper cylinders, and in its centre
is placed a pressure pipe, by which cold water is raised within the apparatus.
The warm beer or other liquid to be cooled is then passed through a funnel
into a pipe pierced with holes, which distributes it in an upper chamber or
gutter, from whence it descends along the outer sides of the apparatus
containing the cold water, until it reaches a lower gutter, from whence it
passes to a double bottom, and thence to the fermenting vats. As the cold
water becomes warmed by the passage of the beer over the exterior surfaces
of the apparatus containing it, it passes out without effort through an opening:
intended for that purpose, and the cold water is constantly renewed by the
action of the pressure pipe. The warm water may be used for the purposes of
the brewery. By passing the beer more or less rapidly through the apparatus,
it is brought to different degrees of coolness approaching the degree of
temperature of the cold water. The cylinders may be corrugated to obtain
greater surface, and their number increased if it be desired to cool more than

page_text: one quality of beer at the same time. To cleanse the apparatus, substitute an
iron rod for the pressure pipe, and placing the apparatus on trestles of unequal
height, introduce warm water and shot at the upper end, and give it a rotary
motion. The warm water and shot passing along and out at the lower end
will thoroughly cleanse the cylinders.
The accompanying Drawing is a sectional elevation of my apparatus,
shewing the entrance and exit of the warm and cooled beer, and of the cold
and warm water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES CALLED SHIVES, TITS, BUNGS, AND CORKS, OR OTHER CONICAL BODIES, WHETHER MADE OUT OF WOOD, CORK, OR ANY OTHER SUBSTANCE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Price at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1860.
I, WILLIAM PRICE, of No. 4, Wood Street, in the Parish of Lambeth, in
the County of Surrey, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES CALLED SHIVES,
TITS, BUNGS, AND CORKS, OR OTHER CONICAL BODIES, WHETHER MADE OUT OF WOOD,
CORK, OR ANY OTHER SUBSTANCE," to be as follows:-
The cutting out by means of a machine to which a rotary motion is given,
and by one process or operation, shives, tits, bungs, corks, or other conical
bodies out of pieces of wood, cork, or any other suitable substance, the
circumference or surface cut by the machine being made at the same time
both circular and conical. The machine consists of a series of saws or cutters
either formed with or else attached or fitted to a mandril or body composed of
iron or other suitable substance, which saws or cutters are so constructed and
arranged as, when made to revolve, to give a slope, inclination, or varying
diameter to the body acted upon, and to produce shives, tits, bungs, corks, or
other conical bodies of a shape at once both circular and conical. The
machine, which may be made of various dimensions according to the size of
the articles required to be cut out, has attached to or fitted into it a spring
rod or weight for throwing out such articles when cut or made.
The mode of operation which I adopt is to take a block or piece of wood
known by the name of shive turner's end, or any other description of wood, or

page_text: a piece of cork, or any other suitable substance, and cut the same with a
circular or other saw into lengths of the width and thickness required. I then
put these pieces of wood, cork, or other substance under the machine so
formed or fitted with such saws or cutters as aforesaid, which, from their pecu-
liar construction and the rotary motion communicated thereto, when brought
into contact with the material to be acted upon, cuts out or forms by one
process or operation the shives, tits, bangs, corks, or other bodies, into a shape
both circular and conical.
I claim the cutting them out and coning them by one and the same
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING FROM ONE PART OF A RAILWAY TRAIN TO ANOTHER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1860. A communication from abroad by M. André Louis Hyacinthe
de Goy, of 29, Boulevard St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING FROM ONE PART OF A RAILWAY TRAIN TO
ANOTHER," to be as follows:-
Railway trains at the present time possess no communication between the
occupants of the carriages and the guard or driver, so that should an accident
happen either to a carriage or to a passenger, it would be impossible to attract
attention or obtain the necessary assistance.
This Invention relates to a method by which each passenger is placed in
direct communication with an attendant by means of an electric bell placed in
each carriage of a train in connection with an indicating system placed in
a compartment occupied by an attendant, whose special duty is to attend to the
signals. On the first alarm the attendant instantly proceeds to the compart-
ment which has been signalled, ascertains the danger, and stops the train if
necessary. As regards applying this safety apparatus it should be adopted by
railway companies as well for their own interest as for that of their pas-
sengers.
The methods of application of the apparatus are various; the electric cur-
rents may be supplied either by galvanic piles or electro-magnetic apparatus.

page_text: The conducting wires are attached to each carriage, and hooked together at
each end by metal hooks, which may be solid with, or fixed to the draw bars
& couplings or hooks, and drag chains, whereby to effect automatically the
junction and disjunction of the wires.
The attendant reaches the various compartments either by means of longi-
tudinal footboards adapted for the purpose, or by a way over the roofs of the
carriages, the compartments of which may communicate with each other
by windows or other openings. This Invention thus consists of placing an
electric signal apparatus in each compartment of a railway train in con-
nection with an indicating system in the box of an attendant exclusively
charged with such duty.