IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
PARKER, late of Argyle Place, but now of N° 170 Piccadilly, in the County of
Middlesex, Lamp Maker, &c., send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twentieth day of December, in the second year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Samuel
Parker, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Samuel Parker, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Samuel Parker, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon
Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Samuel Parker, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner.
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date.
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Parker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
(that is to say) —
My Invention relates to that description of stoves the temperature of which
is regulated by the quantity of air admitted to support the combustion of the
fuel. And my Invention relates, first, to improvements in the construction of
close stoves, and in regulating the supply of air to such stoves by means of the
water which is used as the means, or partly the means, of transmitting the heat
of the fuel to the apartments or buildings in which the stove is used. And my
Invention relates, secondly, to applying a mode of regulating the supply of air
to closed stoves, which are now commonly known as Arnott's Stoves, such
regulation being performed by means of water or air, as hereafter explained.
And in order to give the best information in my power I will proceed to describe
the Drawing hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents the section of a stove constructed according to my Inven-
tion. a, a, is a cylinder, within which the fire grate is situated, the outer
circumference of the cylinder a, a, being double, to contain water, and the water
space is closed at top and bottom, opening, however, to the atmosphere by
means of the pipe c, at which point the water space a, a, is filled from time to
time with water to make up for the slight 'evaporation which goes on. d, d,
are what I call circulating pipes, connected at their upper and lower ends
with the vessel a, a; the object of this arrangement is to obtain a constant
circulation of the water in the vessel a, a. It will be seen that the fire-place
or grate e, is capable of being raised higher or lower, according to the desire
of the parties using the same, and will be found a means of aiding the regula-
tion of the temperature of the surrounding water; the higher the grate is
raised the less effectual circulation will be obtained, and, consequently, less
temperature to the stove in general. f is the flue, passing to a chimney or
other proper outlet for the products of combustion; 9 is an open vessel contain-
ing water placed at the upper part of the stove, there being a projecting ring
which descends from the bottom of the vessel g, and enters a groove contain-
ing sand, as shown at h, the nature of which is clearly shewn in the Drawing;
and it will be seen that there is a tube through the vessel g, which I prefer to
cover with glass, or have a hole in the cover covered with glass or talk, as it
enables me to see the state of the fire at all times without removing the cover;
i is the air supply pipe, which I prefer to be so arranged as to receive air from

page_text: But
a point as near the ceiling of the room as possible, in order to withdraw the air
therefrom, which will thereby withdraw the most impure air in the room to
supply the quantity required for combustion; and I also apply in conjunction
(or separate) with the other regulating means, apparatus to regulate the supply
of air to operate by the temperature of the room in which the stove is placed.
is a continuation of the air supply pipe, and 3 is a surrounding vessel to that
pipe; the vessel is to contain air, and the upper part of the tube 2 has a
cover or valve inverted over it, and the upper part of the vessel is covered with
fluid, such as oil, or water, or suitable fluid, being a pipe which descends to
the lower part of the vessel 23, consequently, the quantity of fluid on the
upper surface of the vessel will depend on the expansion of the air produced
by the heat of the room, and thus will the quantity of air which can pass into
the air pipe be regulated. I would remark that it will be evident that various
modifications of apparatus may be resorted to for employing the expansion of
air by the heat of a room to open and close the air passage of a stove.
whatever be the arrangements, they will necessarily be modifications of this
part of my Invention, which consists of the application of such means of
expanding air to the regulating the supply of air to stoves. The pipe i enters
below the fire grate, and the quantity of air allowed to enter will be regulated
in the following manner: ¹ is an enlarged tube, into which the tube or pipe i
enters, and I am thereby enabled to surround the upper part of the pipe i with
water, as is indicated by the Drawing; the water in the tube i communicating
with the water in the vessel a, by means of the small tube j, and k is a cock for
drawing off the water from the vessel a. l is a hood or cover to the pipe i, and it will
be evident that according as the water is nearer to or farther from the inverted
cover l, so will be the space open for the air to pass between the upper surface
of the water in , and cover l, and pass into the pipe i; thus supposing things
to be in the condition indicated by the Drawing, and the temperature of the
water in the vessel a be considerably encreased, the effect would be that the
water by expanding in the vessel a would cause the water in the pipe or
tube to stand at a higher level than at present shewn in the Drawing, which
would contract the opening between the upper surface of the water and the
inverted cover to the pipe or tube i¹, by which means the quantity of air passing
to the fire in a given time would be reduced and the temperature lessened.
In the vessel or tube i, I insert a plate of glass m, by which I can observe the
level of the water, and by observing the temperature produced after having
filled the vessel ¹ to any particular height, and observing what is the tempera-
ture to which the quantity of air supplied under such circumstances I can make
such glass plate, and by such means I can obtain a gauge to indicate to what

page_text: extent to fill the vessel ¹, in ordain to obtain the degree of temperature of the
stove I require, and the desired level of such water can at all times be obtained
by supplying water to the vessel a, as above explained, or by withdrawing
water from that vessel by the cock below. n is a pan at the bottom of the
stove; this pan contains water, and, consequently, makes a water-tight joint to
close the stove, as is shown.
0, 0, are perforated plates to filter the water in its
passage, and prevent any dirt passing; and this arrangement will be found to
be an advantageous plan of making the stove air-tight, except at the air supply
pipe ; or, if preferred, other means may be resorted to for making the lower
part of the stove air-tight. The pan containing the water can be raised or
lowered with facility, as is indicated in the Drawing by dotted lines. P is an
external case which opens at bottom and top, consequently, there will be a
constant circulation of air from below upwards, which will become heated, and
passes into the room where the stove is being used. Figure 2 shows the
pipe i, i, separately; Figure 3, a plan and section of the water vessel placed
at the upper part of the stove; Figure 4 is a plan of the stove; Figure 5, a
section of the stove. In each of these Figures the same parts are indicated
by the same letters of reference.
I will now proceed to describe another arrangement, by which the expansion
of the water regulates the quantity of air admitted to the fire to support com-
bustion. In Figures 6, 7, and 8, a, a, shows part of the stove, similar to that
of Figure 1; and i is the air supply pipe, which in this case is worked by a
valve g, suspended by wires r, which are connected to the float of cork or
other suitable material, as is shown in the Drawing. The object of this arrange-
ment is to compensate for the loss of water by evaporation, and at the same
time keep a more accurate and certain level of water in the vessel . The
water in the vessel being connected with the vessel a by means of the pipe
or openings, and t is a vessel having a tube which enters and closely fits the
pipe j, which enters at the lower part of the vessel a, and v is an opening acting
on the principle of the bird glass. It will be evident that as water evaporates
air will pass in at v, and enter the globe or vessel t, and allow of a quantity of
water to pass out therefrom, which will thus keep the level of the water to the
point above v, whilst water in ¹ will be at a somewhat higher level, owing to
the expansion, and any increase or decrease of expansion of the water in the
vessel a will immediately act on the valve and regulate the size of the opening
through which air (to support combustion) can pass.
I will now proceed to explain the nature of the apparatus for regulating the
supply of air by a water apparatus. Figure 9 shows a vessel w, which is con-
veniently placed or attached in such manner that the heat of the stove will heat

page_text: the water in the vessel w. The air to the stove is supplied thro' the tube i,
and the quantity of air supplied will depend on the space between the cap *;
and this cap can be raised or lowered by hand, the object being to obtain a
constant level to the surface of the water in the pipe j, and thus regulate the
supply of air between the surface of the water in the vessel w and the bottom
of the cap x, in order to regulate the temperature of the stove, which is per-
formed by similar apparatus to that last described, and is marked by the same
letters of reference. Figure 10 shews a mode of accomplishing the same object
by the use of water or air confined in tubes or vessels having a flexible valve <,
and is applied to stoves, as above described.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would remark that I
lay no claim to any of the parts separately. But what I claim as my Inven-
tion is,
First, the mode of constructing the stove shown at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5, and the modes of regulating the supply of air by means of the expansion of
water, as above described, in respect to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Secondly, I claim the application of the apparatus described at Figures 9
and 10 for regulating the supply of air to the fire-place of a close stove.
"Thirdly, I claim the mode of making a close stove by means of a water joint
as described in Figure 1; and,
Fourthly, I claim the mode of regulating the supply of air to close stoves by
means of the temperature of the room in which the stove is used, as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Parker, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-nine