Carburettor for Supplying Hydrocarbon Motors and other Purposes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Carburettor for Supplying Hydrocarbon Motors and other Purposes.
We, LA SOCIÉTÉ JAPY FRERES ET CLE., of Beaucourt, Haut Rhin Français,
French Republic, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
--
This invention has for object a carburettor intended to effect the vaporisation
of petroleum essences and other hydrocarbons used for forming the gaseous
mixture used in explosion engines, and also, in certain cases, as lighting and
heating gas.
Hitherto all carburettors have been capable of being classified under two
principal categories;-
"
1. Those on the bubbling" principle ("barbottage").
2. Those on the "projection or injection" principle ("jaillissement ")
through a small orifice or by capillary means.
The first characterised by the air licking the liquid to be vaporized either in
the liquid state or on dividing bodies or surfaces, present the inconvenience of
being bulky, cumbersome, and necessitating a constant regulation of the admis-
sion or air which varies according to its temperature, its hygrometric state, and
the rate of its passage in contact with the liquid.
Besides, these carburettors must, especially in cold weather, be maintained
at a certain temperature; for this purpose, the escape gases, the cooling water
of the motor, etc., etc., are made use of.
'
In carburettors of the second category which work by means of, or on the
principle of, injection or projection, the only ones really otherwise employed,
the liquid is brought in by aspiration or suction and passes out through an
extremely small opening or orifice liable to be easily choked and consequently
necessitating a filtration of the essence.
In order that the discharge or output through this orifice may be constantly
suitable, one is obliged with apparatus of this class, to proceed for a long time
by a series of trials, by lessening this orifice by narrowing it, or by enlarging
it to increase it, and besides one must ascertain what is the size of the orifice of
the air entrance affording a desired aspiration or feed of the essence, that is to
say, one must proceed by various trials to arrive at the exact area necessary.
Since the value of this aspiration would vary with the height of the pressure
of the liquid contained in the reservoir, it is necessary, so as to have a. uniform
lischarge or supply for each aspiration, to employ an intermediary apparatus
ensuring a constant level. This intermediary apparatus comprising practically

page_text: a float-controlled valve, consists;-of a float placed in a small intermediate reser-
voir, this float being secured to or solid with a spigot or pointer which obstructs
or blocks the admission opening of the liquid into this reservoir as soon as such
liquid reaches a predetermined level.
The construction of these floats is costly and delicate, and in the case of auto-
cars or motor-cars their working leaves much to be desired by reason of the
jerks or jolts imparted to the vehicle; very often the carburettors become choked,
vaporisation is badly effected, from which results a bad working, and also a great
difficulty in starting.
The carburettor which is the subject of the present invention, avoids these
inconveniences; it is small, very inexpensive, simple, substantial, and absolutely
certain in working; its automatic working ensures a mathematically precise
output or delivery of essence, which enables a single apparatus to be applied to
motors of various powers, whilst regulating it according to the importance of
the motor but without having to change any of its working parts; it allows of
feeding a motor with several cylinders and of regulating the delivery of the
liquid even when working, which advantage does not exist with any of the car-
burettors hitherto constructed.
With this carburettor we can;-Introduce a predetermined quantity of liquid
for the purpose, in a motor, for example, of producing an explosion of maximum
intensity; mathematically and instantaneously regulate the delivery of the liquid
to be vaporized even in the course of working of the motor to which it is applied,
a very important point because regulation of the delivery is always necessary
when essences of various densities are employed, as is generally the case; spray
in an absolute and immediate manner the liquid employed even with cold air,
forced in or drawn in, either by a pump or the motor itself, this air sweeping
along the sprayed liquid which escapes from the distributer by way of an annular
surface.
The improved carburettor consists of an upper box or chamber provided later-
ally at its upper part with a main entrance or pipe through which passes the
liquid feeding the carburettor. This liquid passes through a small or narrowed
channel which is a prolongation of the entrance or pipe and delivers above an
upper valve mounted on a central rod. This latter carries a second lower valve
by which the chamber communicates with a lower receiver or chamber. Into
the upper chamber there delivers or passes an air-admission tube and into the
lower receiver there open the one or more pipes by which the carburetted mixture
passes to the motor or to the apparatus for making use thereof.
The central rod terminates at the end of the upper chamber in a threaded
portion on which is screwed a socket, sleeve or tube; this tube acording to tho
position which is occupies when being screwed or unscrewed allows the size of a
space or throat formed between and above the valve and the aforesaid socket or
sleeve to be exactly regulated and which according to its dimension
determines the quantity of liquid which enters the carburettor at the time of
ench aspiration.
or size
A suitable pin maintains or locks the tube, socket or sleeve in the position
which has been given to it and prevents its disturbance or being put out of
position.
At its opposite lower end the central rod passes through the wall of the lower
chamber by way of a bush in which it slides with slight friction, and it is
furnished exteriorly with a small handle or cross-piece by which it may be held
to be moved by hand.
A spiral spring which bears on one side against the underneath of the lower
valve and on the other side against a washer seated upon and maintained against
the aforesaid bush, tends to thrust the central rod in the proper direction for
pressing or supporting the upper and lower valves in or against their seats.
Several metallic gauzes are placed within the lower chamber in such a manner
as to be arranged across the passage of the gaseous mixture between the lower

page_text: valve and the outlet pipes for the gaseous mixture towards the base of the lower
chamber.
The working of this carburettor is as follows;-When the aspiration effected
by the motor takes place at the one or more outlet pipes, the lower valve is
lowered, the central rod following therewith, and determines the simultaneous
opening of the upper valve.
The throat or annular space above the upper valve is then put in communi-
cation with the upper chamber and the liquid which fills it passing in the annular
space between the upper valve and its seat, enters this upper chamber and is
swept along by the air coming from the air-inlet pipe.
When the central rod is lowered, the tube or socket above the upper valve
closes the opening of the channel leading from the annular space to the main
supply-pipe, which causes the quantity of liquid sent into the upper chamber to
be that corresponding to the volume of the aforesaid throat or annular space.
There is thus formed a mixture of air and of liquid in the state of spray;
this mixture enters on the opening of the lower valve, into the lower chamber,
passes across the transverse metallic gauzes, the action of which renders it quite
homogeneous and proceeds to the explosion chamber of the motor by the afore-
said outlet pipes.
When the valves leave their seats and when the central rod descends, there
is formed a vacuum in the space of the cap at the top of the carburettor in which
is located the end of the central rod; now, this space communicates by means
of the small channel or passage aforesaid, with the liquid admission-pipe; con-
sequently at the time of aspiration a certain quantity of liquid passes by this
channel and fills the topmost space. When the central rod is recalled by its
spring, the liquid contained in the cap is driven back into the main admission
pipe; that, at high speeds, facilitates the filling of the aforesaid throat or annular
space above the upper valve.
When the motor is started, the rod is manipulated by hand, so as to give a
certain quantity of liquid with a view to facilitating the carburetting at its
commencement.
This very small carburettor has the great advantage of dispensing with splash
reservoirs, constant-level floats, small-diameter openings serving for the entrance
of the essence and continually becoming choked, whilst having greater carburet-
ting power than any other apparatus. It is understood that the carburettor
which is the subject of the present invention, may be made of all sizes and
dimensions and that it can be employed for either hydrocarbons motors or for
the preparation of lighting and heating gas.
Dated this 24th day of March 1899.
Carburettor for supplying Hydrocarbon Motors and other Purposes.
We, LA SOCIÉTÉ JAPY FRERES ET CIE., of Beaucourt, Haut Rhin Français,
French Republic, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement; -
This invention has for object a carburettor intended to effect the vaporisation
of petroleum essences and other hydro-carbons used for forming the gaseous

page_text: mixture in explosion engines, and also used, in certain cases, as lighting and
heating gas.
Hitherto all carburettors have been capable of being classified under two
principal categories:-
1. Those on the "bubbling" principle (barbottage").
2. Those on the "projection, 01'
injection" principle ("jaillissement")
through a small orifice or by capillary means.
The former characterised by the air licking the liquid to be vaporized either in
the liquid state or on dividing bodies or surfaces, are inconvenient inasmuch as
they are bulky, cumbersome, and necessitate a constant regulation of the admis- 1
sion of air which varies according to its temperature, its hygrometric state, and
the rate of its passage in contact with the liquid.
Besides, such carburettors must, especially in cold weather, be maintained
at a certain temperature; for this purpose, the escape gases, the cooling water
of the motor, etc., etc., are generally made use of.
In carburettors of the second category which work by means of, or on the
principle of, injection or projection, the only ones.really otherwise employed,
the liquid is brought in by aspiration or suction and passes out through an
extremely small opening or orifice liable to be easily choked and consequently
necessitating a filtration of the essence.
In order that the discharge or output through this orifice may be constantly
suitable, it is necessary to experiment as to the exact size of such orifice in order
to arrive at a satisfactory result.
Since the value of this aspiration would vary with the height of the pressure
of the liquid contained in the reservoir it is necessary in order to have a uniform
discharge or supply for cach aspiration, to employ an intermediary apparatus
ensuring a constant level. This intermediary apparatus comprising practically
a float-controlled valve, consists;-of a float placed in a small intermediate reser-
voir, this float being secured to or integral with a spigot or peg which obstructs
or blocks the admission opening of the liquid into this reservoir as soon as such
liquid reaches a predetermined level.
The construction of these floats is costly and delicate, and in the case of auto-
cars or motor-cars their working leaves much to be desired by reason of the
jerks or jolts imparted to the vehicle; very often the carburettors become choked,
vaporisation is badly effected, from which results bad working, and also a great
difficulty in starting.
The carburettor which is the subject of the present invention, avoids these
inconveniences; it is small, very inexpensive, simple, substantial, and absolutely
certain in working; its automatic working ensures a mathematically precise
feed or delivery of essence, which enables a single apparatus to be applied to
motors of various powers, whilst regulating it according to the importance of
the motor but without having to change any of its working parts. In particular
it allows of feeding a motor with several cylinders and of regulating the feed
of the liquid even when working, which advantage does not exist with any of
the carburettors hitherto constructed.
Our apparatus is characterised by the following points; 10. Introduction of a
predetermined quantity of liquid for the purpose of producing, in a motor, for
example, an explosion of maximum intensity: 20. Precise and immediate regu-
lation of the feed of the liquid to be vaporised even in the course of working of
the motor to which it is applied, a very important point because regulation of
the feed is always necessary when essences of various densities are employed, as
is generally the case; 3°. Spraying in an absolute and immediate manner the
liquid used, with even cold air, forced or drawn in, either by a pump or the
motor itself, this air carrying along the sprayed liquid which escapes from the
distributer by way of an annular surface.
We have shown an example of our apparatus on the annexed drawing, upon
which:
7

page_text: Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional elevation.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is an outer view in side elevation.
The improved carburettor consists of an upper box or chamber A provided
laterally at its upper part with a main entrance or pipe B through which passes
the liquid feeding the carburettor. This liquid passes through a small or
narrowed channel b which is a prolongation of the entrance or wipe B and
delivers above valve C mounted on a central rod D. This latter carries a second
valve E by which the chamber A communicates with a lower receiver or chamber F.
Into the upper chamber A there delivers or passes an air-admission tube a and
into the lower receiver F there open the one or more pipes ff by which the
carburetted mixture passes to the motor or to the apparatus for making uso
thereof.
The central rod D terminates at the end of the upper chamber A in a threaded
portion d on which is screwed a socket, sleeve or tube B; this tube according to
the position which it occupies when being screwed or unscrewed allows the size
of a space or throat b¹ formed above the valve G to be exactly regulated and
which according to its dimensions or size determines the quantity of liquid which
enters the carburettor at the time of each aspiration.
A suitable pin g maintains or locks the tube, socket or sleeve G in the position
which has been given to it and prevents its disturbance or being out of position.
At its opposite lower end the central rod D passes through the wall of the
lower chamber F through a bush in which it slides with slight friction, and it
is furnished exteriorly with a small handle or cross piece by which it may be
moved by hand.
A spiral spring H which bears on one side against the valve E and on the
other side against a washer maintained against the aforesaid bush f tends to
thrust the central rod 1 in the proper direction for pressing or supporting the
valves and E in or against their seats.
Several metallic gauzes I are placed within the lower chamber F in such a
manner as to be arranged across the passage of the gaseous mixture between the
lower valve E and the outlet pipes fi for the gaseous mixture.
The working of this carburettor is as follows:-
When the aspiration effected by the motor takes place at the one or more out-
let pipes the lower valve E is lowered, the central rod D following therewith,
and determines the simultaneous opening of the upper valve C.
The throat or annular space above the upper valve is then put in com-
munication with the upper chamber A and the liquid which fills it passing in
the annular space between the upper valve Cand its seat, enters this upper
chamber A and is swept along by the air coming from the air-inlet pipe a.
When the central rod D is lowered, the tube or socket G above the upper valve
closes the opening of the channel which causes the quantity of liquid sent into
the upper chamber A to be that corresponding to the volume of the aforesaid throat
or annular space b¹.
There is thus formed a mixture of air and of liquid in the state of spray; this
mixture enters by the opening of the valve E, into the chamber 1, passes across
the transverse metallic gauzes I, the action of which renders it quite homogeneous
and proceeds to the explosion chamber of the motor by the aforesaid outlet
pipes f
It is to be noted that when the valves leave their seats and the central rod D
descends, there is formed a vacuum in the space of the cap J at the top of the
carburettor in which is located the end of the central rod: now, this space com-
municates by a small pipe or passage j with the liquid admission-pipe B: conse-
quently at the time of aspiration a certain quantity of liquid passes by this
channel and fills the topmost space J. When the central rod D is recalled by
its spring. the liquid contained in the cap is driven back into the main admis-
sion pipe B this at high speeds facilitates the filling of the aforesaid throat 1

page_text: When the motor is started, the rod D is manipulated by hand, so as to give
a certain quantity of liquid with a view to facilitating the carburetting at its
commencement.
This very small carburettor has the great advantage of dispensing with splash
reservoirs, constant-level floats, small-diameter openings serving for the entrance
of the essence and continually becoming choked, whilst having greater carburet-
ting power size for size than any other apparatus whatever.
It is to be understood that our carburettor may be constructed in all sizes and
dimensions and that it can be employed for either hydrocarbon-motors or for the
preparation of a lighting or heating gas.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
(1). A carburettor for supplying hydrocarbon-motors or other similar purposes,
comprising a valve which at the time of aspiration of the gaseous mixture puts
in communication the chamber where the air arrives and wherein the gaseous
mixture is formed, with a chamber to which the liquid to be vapourized is
supplied, this chamber being of a variable capacity so as to correspond with the
exact quantity of liquid necessary to the formation of a proper mixture, the said
capacity being in permanent communication with the liquid admission-pipe when
the valve is in its seat, so as to fill it, and being cut off from this pipe when
aspiration takes place.
(2). In a carburettor for supplying hydrocarbon-motors and other similar
purposes, a valve (causing a chamber A into which air is led by one or more
tubes a to communicate with the chamber which is formed above it, and the
capacity of which is variable by the movement of the tube G mounted on the
rod D integral with the valve, this chamber communicating by a passage h with
the liquid admission pipe B, and being cut off from this latter when the valve
opens, by reason of the closing of the orifice of the passage b by means of the
wall of the tube Ġ, substantially as above described and set forth with regard
to the annexed drawings.
(3). In carburettors for supplying hydrocarbon-motors and other similar
purposes, an arrangement ensuring the driving back of the liquid into throat bl
especially at high speeds of the motor, characterised by a chamber J wherein is
lodged the end of the rod 1) of the valve, the said chamber communicating by a
passage with the liquid main-entrance B, in such a manner that at the time of
aspiration, the rod 1) descending, the liquid enters into the chamber J and when
this rod re-ascends this liquid is driven back into the chamber above the valve,
substantially as above described and set forth with regard to the annexed drawings.
(4). In a carburettor for supplying hydrocarbon-motors and other similar
purposes, the rod 1 supporting, besides the valve C', a valve E which causes the
chamber A wherein the mixture is formed to communicate at the time of aspir-
ation, with a chamber wherein this mixture passes across metallic gauze before
passing to the motor by the one or more tubes f', substantially as described with
eference to the accompanying drawings.
+
Dated this Eleventh day of December 1899.