IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATER TUYERES to be as follows:
Year: 1885

page_text: We BENJAMIN FENTON of Charles Street West Bromwich in the County of
Stafford Manufacturer and CHARLES FENTON of Trafalgar Road Handsworth in the
County of Stafford Moulder and WALTER BENJAMIN FENTON of Charles Street
West Bromwich aforesaid Manager of Works do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATER TUYERES
to be as follows:-
"
The said invention has reference to water tuyeres which are employed in blast
furnaces used in the manufacture of iron for forges and smith's hearths and for
other like purposes and consists mainly in manufacturing the said tuyeres by the
process of casting conducted essentially in the manner hereinafter described. Our
invention is applicable to the manufacture of water tuyeres of cast iron cast steel
or of the kind of cast iron commonly called malleable iron.
We take a metallic ring of larger diameter than the large end of the tuyere to
be made and to three equi distant radial arms within the said ring we fix nearly
at right angles to the plane of the ring three perforated pipes of a length nearly
equal to the length of the tuyere to be manufactured and inclined at the same
angle as the sides of the tuyere This ring and pipes are supported in a core box
expanded at top and having an axial plug and sand is rammed between the core
box and plug until the sand has nearly reached the ring carrying the perforated
pipes. Three curved or sector like plates forming portions of a flat broad ring are
now placed upon the rammed sand the upper parts of the perforated pipes occupying
the spaces between the opposed ends of the curved plates. Sand is again rammed
in the core box until it is filled up and the ring carrying the perforated pipes
embedded in it. Before the perforated pipes are put in the core box a short
screwed tubular nozzle is slipped on each perforated pipe and during the ramming
of the sand is supported immediately under the ring. These nozzles are cast into
the tuyere in the casting process and form the water connections of the tuyere.
The central plug having been drawn out the core box is inverted and lifted
from the core which contains besides the perforated pipes aud ring and screwed
nozzles the curved plates. The core is dried in the usual way and the curved
plates are drawn out by a horizontal motion the core and flange being held together
by the pipes. The core thus made has the configuration of the hollow water space
of the tuyere. The perforated pipes support and strengthen the core formed upon
them and permit the escape of air.

page_text: Another core is made in the ordinary way having the figure of the inner part of
the tuyere.
In the lower half or part of the mould box used in casting the tuyere a mould
is made having the configuration of the exterior of the tuyere to be made
surmounted by an annular shoulder.
The first described core is introduced into the mould the flange at its top formed
in the expanded top of the mould box resting on the annular shoulder in the
mould. The last described core is now placed in the axis of the mould and the
upper part of the mould box containing rammed sand having in it a concave
impression is inverted on the lower part of the mould and the two parts connected
in the ordinary way.
By casting cast iron steel or malleable cast iron in the mould thus made there is
formed a tuyere consisting of a hollow cone the wall or thickness of metal of
which is hollow. By the casting process the three screwed tubular nozzles are
fixed in the base or rear end of the tuyere. The ring and perforated pipes are
withdrawn and the sand of the core in the hollow wall of the tuyere is removed
through the screwed nozzles. The tuyere is finished by attaching the required
water pipes to the screwed nozzles.

page_text: proche manufacture of water Tuyeres.
We BENJAMIN FENTON of Charles Street West Bromwich in the County of
Stafford Manufacturer and CHARLES FENTON of Trafalgar Road, Handsworth in
the County of Stafford, Moulder, and WALTER BENJAMIN FENTON of Charles
Street, West Bromwich aforesaid, Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The said invention has reference to water tuyeres which are employed in blast
furnaces used in the manufacture of iron, for forges and smiths' hearths and for
other like purposes; and consists mainly in manufacturing the said tuyeres by the
process of casting conducted essentially in the inanner hereinafter described. Our
invention is applicable to the manufacture of water tuyeres of cast iron cast steel
or of the kind of cast iron commonly called malleable iron.
We take a metallic ring of larger diameter than the large end of the tuyere to
be made and to three equidistant radial arms within the said ring we fix nearly at
right angles to the plane of the ring three perforated pipes of a length nearly
equal to the length of the tuyere to be manufactured and inclined at the same
angle as the sides of the tuyere. This ring and pipes are supported in a core box
expanded at top and having an axial plug and sand is rammed between the core
box and plug until the sand has nearly reach the ring.carrying the perforated
pipes. Three curved or sector like plates forming portions of a flat broad ring are
now placed upon the rammed sand the upper parts of the perforated pipes
occupying the spaces between the opposed ends of the curved plates. Sand is again
rammed in the core box until it is filled up and the ring carrying the perforated
pipes embedded in it. Before the perforated pipes are put in the core box a short
screwed tubular nozzle is slipped on each perforated pipe and during the ramming
of the sand is supported immediately under the ring. These nozzles are cast into
the tuyere in the casting process and form the water connections of the tuyere.
The central plug having been drawn out the core box is inverted and lifted from
the core which contains besides the perforated pipes and ring and screwed nozzles
the curved plates. The core is dried in the usual way and the curved plates are
drawn out by a horizontal motion, the core and flange being held together by the
pipes. The core thus made has the configuration of the hollow water space of the
tuyere. The perforated pipes support and strengthen the core formed upon them
and permit the escape of air.
Another core is made in the ordinary way having the figure of the inner part of
the tuyere.
In the lower half or part of the mould box used in casting the tuyere a mould is
made having the configuration of the exterior of the tuyere to be made surmounted
by an annular shoulder,

page_text: The first described core is introduced into the mould the flange at its top formed
in the expanded top of the mould box resting on the annular shoulder in the
mould.
The last described core is now placed in the axis of the mould and the upper
part of the mould box containing rammed sand having in it a concave impression
is inverted on the lower part of the mould and the two parts connected in the
ordinary way.
By casting cast iron steel or malleable cast iron in the mould thus made, there is
formed a tuyere consisting of a hollow cone the wall or thickness of metal of which
is hollow. By the casting process the three screwed tubular nozzles are fixed in
the base or rear end of the tuyere. The ring and perforated pipes are withdrawn
and the sand of the core in the hollow wall of the tuyere is removed through the
screwed nozzles. The tuyere is finished by attaching the required water pipes to
the screwed nozzles.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing
the manner in which the said invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section and Figure 2 in plan a mould and
appliances constructed according to this invention ready for the casting of a water
tuyere and Figure 3 represents in elevation and Figure 4 in plan a water tuyere
cast in a mould of the kind represented in Figures 1 and 2; Figure 5 represents in
elevation and Figure 6 in plan the pattern which we use for making in the mould
box, a mould or impression having the configuration of the exterior of the tuyere
to be made surmounted by an annular shoulder; Figure 7 represents in vertical
section and Figure 8 in plan the core box used for forming the outer core of the
mould together with the core pipes, their carrying ring and the nozzles; Figure 9
represents in vertical section and Figure 10 in plan the core box used for forming
the central core of the mould.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of
the Drawing.
In the said Figures 1 and 2, a is the half mould box filled with rammed sand;
b is the outer sand core and c is the inner or axial sand core; d is the metallic
ring carrying the perforated core pipes e, e and f,f are the metallic screwed nozzles;
h is the annular shoulder at the top of the half mould a for supporting the flange
or circular head i of the outer sand core b: k is the conical space between the
mould and the outer and central cores, the said space having the figure of the
hollow tuyere to be cast.
In making the mould and cores and in arranging the parts in the mould
Figures 1 and 2 ready for the casting of a water tuyere we proceed as follows:-
In making the outer core 6 we take the core box m represented in Figures 7
and 8 having an expanded head m³ and we also take the metallic ring & (made by
preference of wrought iron) the said ring having within it equi-distant radial arms
or projections d², d³ (see Figure 2), to each of which a perforated pipe e is con-
nected, the said pipes e, e having nearly the length of and the same inclination as
the sides of the tuyere to be made The tops of the perforated pipes e, e are
screwed and the said pipes are fixed to the ring d by means of the screw nuts l,
one below and the other above the radial arms or projections d', d³ on the said
ring d. Upon each of the perforated pipes e, e a screwed nozzle or short tube f is
placed. The ring d and pipes e, e are next placed in the wooden or iron core box m
in the positions shown in Figures 7 and 8, that is, the perforated pipes e, e are
placed in the conical part of the core box m and the ring d in the upper expanded
part m of the said core box, the said ring d pipes c, e and nozzles f being
supported in the core box in the positions represented. The axial plug p is now
placed in the core box m and sand is rammed into the conical space between the
said plug and core box until the core box is filled with rammed sand up to the
nozzles or short tubes f,f. We next place upon the rammed sand the three sector
like plates q, q, q (see Figure 8) the upper parts of the perforated pipes e, e

page_text: occupying the spaces between the opposed ends of the said plates q, q, q. Sand is
again rammed in the core box until it is filled up and the ring d carrying the
perforated pipes e, e embedded in it. The central plug p is next drawn out of the
core box m and the said core box is inverted and lifted froin the core which has
a flanged top the said core containing besides the perforated pipes e, e ring & and
screwed nozzles f.f, the curved plates q, q, q. The core is next dried in the usual
way and the curved plates q, q, q are drawn out by a horizontal motion the core
and its flanged top being held together by the pipes e, e and ring d. An outer
core b is thus made having the configuration of the hollow water space of the
tuyere. By means of the perforated pipes e, e in the outer core bit is supported
and strengthened the said perforated pipes permitting of the ready escape of air
from the mould during the casting process.
In making the inner or central sand core c of the mould we take the core box
represented in Figures 9 and 10 and make the said core by ramming sand therein
in the ordinary way.
In making the mould with which the cores b and c are to be used we take the
lower half mould box a represented in Figures 1 and 2 and fix in its axis the
moulding pattern represented in Figures 5 and 6 and ram sand in the said mould
box in the usual manner. Having removed the pattern Figures 5 and 6, the half
mould box is ready for the insertion of the cores b and c, the impression in the said
half mould box having the configuration of the exterior of the tuyere to be made
surmounted by an annular shoulder h formed by the head h* of the pattern
Figures 5 and 6. The outer core b is now placed in the mould box a as repre-
sented in Figures 1 and 2, the flange i at the top of the outer core b resting on the
annular shoulder h in the mould a. The inner or central core c is next placed in
the axis of the mould as represented in Figures 1 and 2 and the upper part of the
mould box having in it a concave depression is inverted on the lower part a of
the mould and the two parts of the mould connected in the ordinary way and the
mould is ready for the casting operation. Gets r, r are made in the sand in the
lower half mould a which gets communicate with the depression or large get in
the upper half mould into which the molten metal is poured the said molten metal
passing by the gets 1, r to the space k between the two cores and mould as will be
understood by an examination of Figure 1 By the casting process the three
screwed tubular nozzles f. f are fixed in the base or rear end of the tuyere. After
the casting process the ring d and perforated pipes e, e are withdrawn and the
sand of the core b in the hollow wall of the cast tuyere is removed through the said
screwed nozzles. Water pipes being attached to the screwed nozzles the tuyere is
completed.
Instead of making the nozzles f.f form a permanent part of the tuyere they
may be removed after the casting process. In this case the exteriors of the said
nozzles are screwed and are coated with a solution of tar before they are placed
in the outer core. After the nozzles f, f have been removed from the cast tuyere
the water pipes or connections are screwed into the holes left in the base or rear
end of the cast tuyere.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we claim
as the said invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of water tuyeres
"
First Making the outer sand core of the mould used for casting the tuyere in
the manner described and illustrated and supporting and strengthening the said
outer core and permitting of the escape of air from the mould during the casting
operation by means of the ring and perforated pipes described and represented in
the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly The use in the outer sand core of the screwed tubular nozzles which
are either cast into the tuyere in the casting process and form the water con-
nections of the tuyere, or are removed from the tuyere after casting and leave

page_text: holes in the base of the tuyere into which holes the water connections can be.
screwed as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Thirdly-Making the mould and supporting and arranging the outer sand core
and inner or central sand core in the mould ready for the casting process
substantially in the manner herein before described and illustrated in the 5
accompanying Drawing.