IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING MALT AND OTHER AMY- Communicated LACEOUS SUBSTANCES FOR BREWING OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the
"
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Invention of " 'IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING MALT AND OTHER AMY-
Communicated
LACEOUS SUBSTANCES FOR BREWING OR OTHER PURPOSES
to him from Edward Kokosinski and Edouard Bernet persons resident at
Paris in the Republic of France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1883.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman " IMPROVEMENTS IN AND THE PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR
PREPARING MALT AND OTHER AMYLACEOUS SUBSTANCES FOR BREWING OR OTHER
PURPOSES a communication to me from Edward Kokosinski and Edouard Bernet
persons resident at Paris in the Republic of France
This Invention relates to an improved process and apparatus for preparing malt
and other amylaceous materials for the operation of extracting the saccharine
principles thereof and more efficient manner than heretofore.
The ordinary method of extracting the constituent principles of malt by working
the bruised grain in the mash tun with a rake fails to accomplish the desired result
in a satisfactory manner-The yield obtained from the best qualities of malt even
when treated with the best appliances shows a difference of as much as from twelve
to fifteen per cent between the theoretical yield as ascertained by analysis and the
yield actually obtained in practice.
This deficient yield results from the fact that in order not to impede the filtration
of the wort it is necessary to break up the malt into coarse flour in order to avoid
pulverising the pellicle of the grain which in the subsequent operation has to
serve as a filter and if pulverised would choke up the holes in the false bottom.
On the other hand it is well known that the solubility of malt or other
amylaceous substance employed for saccharification augments in direct ratio to
the fineness of the state of division to which it is reduced the more completely
nll.מ

page_text: the cells are disintegrated the greater is their solubility whilst the sacharifying
action of the dinstase is increased and the yield in extract is proportionately
greater
According to this Invention the malt or amylaceous matter is disentegrated in
a moist condition by mechanical treatment as hereinafter described and the
amylaceous portion of the grain is thoroughly disintegrated without destroying
the pellicle.
The malt after having been very coarsely broken or cracked in the ordinary
manner is introduced into a hopper provided with a valve at its lower part which
valve serves to regulate the supply. From this hopper the malt passes through
a passage in which it is exposed to a spray of cold water delivered through holes
in the sides of the passage the quantity of water being regulated by a cock. The
malt then falls into a passage provided with a rotating screw or creeper which
mixes the grain and water and delivers them into a chute leading to a conical
revolving crusher which thoroughly disintegrates the amylaceous portions of the
hydrated malt without destroying the pellicle.
This crusher or mill consists of a truneated cone provided with teeth diminishing
or tapering from the upper to the lower extremity so as to present a wide opening
for the entrance of the malt or other material and cause it to be subjected to a
triturating action which gradually increases as it approaches the exit. The teeth
are preferably inclined or ratchet shaped and provided on one side with supple-
mentary teeth or serrations. The toothed cone rotates in a case which is provided
with teeth on its interior.
The shape of the teeth may vary but both sets of teeth must always incline in
the same direction-The effect of this improved arrangement is that the pellicle
is simply separated from the amylaceous matter which thus reduced to such a fine
state of division as to fit it to be exposed under the most favorable conditions to
the dissolving action of the hot water and to the saccharifying action of the diastase
in the subsequent treatment in the mash tun.
The fluid matter issues from this apparatus through a suitable outlet or chute
and falls or is otherwise conveyed to the mash tun where it undergoes treatment
in the usual manner.
Fifty pounds of malt treated according to the improved process yield a wort
as rich in sugar as sixty pounds of malt treated in the ordinary manner and the
pellicle not being pulverized is not liable to choke up the holes in the false bottoms
of the tuns.
This process and apparatus are applicable to brewing and distilling purposes
for the preparation of wort with either green or soaked or dried malt or grain
as well as in the manufacture of starch whenever it is necessary to disintegrato
the amylaceous matter without pulverising the pellicle of the malt or other
amylaceous substance.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th August 1883.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING
MALT AND OTHER AMYLACEOUS SUBSTANCES FOR BREWING OR OTHER PURPOSES
"
a communication to me from Edward Kokosinski and Edouard Bernet persons
resident at Paris in the Republic of France
This Invention relates to an improved process and apparatus for preparing malt
and other amylaceous materials for the operation of extracting the saccharine
principles thereof in a more efficient manner than heretofore.
The ordinary method of extracting the constituent principles of malt by working
the bruised grain in the mash tun with a rake fails to accomplish the desired result
in a satisfactory manner. The yield obtained from the best qualities of malt even
when treated with the best appliances shows a difference of as much as from twelve
to fifteen per cent between the theoretical yield as ascertained by analysis and the
yield actually obtained in practice.
It is proved by chemical analysis that malt contains from sixty to sixty five
per cent of extractable matter which should be present in the wort used for the
manufacture of beer and the distillation of alcohol-For example, from the sixty
pounds or thereabouts of malt put into the mash tun there should be obtained
a wort of a richness corresponding to about eighteen or nineteen and a half degrees
of the saccharometer but in practice the richness of the wort obtained from this
quantity of malt is equivalent to about thirteen or fifteen degrees only.
This deficient yield results from the fact that in order not to impede the filtration
of the wort it is necessary to break up the malt into coarse flour in order to
avoid pulverizing the pellicle of the grain which in the subsequent operation has
to serve as a filter and if pulverized would choke up the holes in the false
bottom.
On the other hand it is well known that the solubility of malt or other
amylaceous substance employed for saccharification augments in direct ratio to
the fineness of the state of division to which it is reduced the more completely
the cells are disintegrated the greater is their solubility whilst the saccharifying
action of the diastase is increased and the yield in extract is proportionately
greater.
According to this Invention the malt or amylaceous matter is disintegrated in
a moist condition by mechanical treatment as hereinafter described and the
disadvantages attending the ordinary process are obviated as the amylaceous
portion of the grain is thoroughly, disintegrated without destroying the pellicle
thus ensuring a superior yield and at the same time facilitating the filtration.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now.
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference-
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section of the improved
apparatus and figure 2 is a half plan drawn to a larger scale showing the form
and arrangement of the triturating or disintegrating teeth hereinafter described.
The malt after having been coarsely broken or cracked in the ordinary manner

page_text: is introduced into a hopper A provided with a valve B at its lower part which
valve serves to regulate the supply. From this hopper the malt passes through
a passage C in which it is exposed to a spray of cold water supplied by a pipe D
and injected through holes c in the sides of the passage C the quantity of water
being regulated by a cock D¹. The malt then falls into a horizontal passage F
provided with a rotating screw or creeper F2 driven by pulleys G which mixes the
grain and water and delivers them into a chute or tube which conducts the
hydrated malt to a mill consisting of a conical revolving crusher H which
thoroughly disentegrates the amylaceous portions of the hydrated malt without
destroying the pellicle.
This truncated cone or crusher H is provided with teeth I figure 2 diminishing
from the upper to the lower extremity so as to present a wide space for the
entrance of the malt or other material at a figure 1 and cause it to be subjected
to a triturating action which gradually increases as it approaches the exit at y.
The teeth I are preferably inclined or ratchet shaped and provided on one side
with supplementary teeth or serrations & The toothed cone H is driven by
pulleys K and friction cones L as shown and rotates in a case J which is similarly
provided with teeth M on its interior.
Figure-2-illustrates the relative position and form of the teeth I i and M The
teeth I on the cone H may be made in other forms such for example as that of the
teeth M on the case J but both sets of teeth must always incline in the same
direction as shown in figure 2 in which figure the direction of rotation of the
cone H is indicated by an arrow
The effect of this improved arrangement is that the pellicle is simply separated
from the amylaceous matter which is reduced to such a fine state of division as
to fit it to be exposed under the most favourable conditions to the dissolving action
of the hot water and to the saccharifying action of the diastase in the subsequent
treatment in the mash tun.
The disintegrated matter issues from this apparatus through a suitable outlet or
chute at K and falls into or is otherwise conveyed to the mash tun where it
undergoes the usual treatment for the purposes of saccharification and extraction.
By this invention an increase according to the quality of the malt of from twelve
to fifteen per cent in the saccharine richness of the wort is obtained This is
equivalent to a saving of about one sixth of the quantity of malt employed that
is to say fifty pounds of malt treated according to the improved process yield a
wort as rich as sixty pounds of malt treated in the ordinary manner. Facility of
filtration is also obtained for the pellicle not being pulverised is not liable to choke
up the holes in the false bottoms of the tuns.
The Invention is applicable to brewing and distilling purposes for the preparation
of wort with either green boiled soaked or kiln dried malt or grain as well as in
the manufacture of starch and fecula whenever it is necessary to disintegrate
amylaceous matter without pulverizing the pellicle in which it is enveloped.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in
part recited Letters Patent is.
First. The improved process for preparing malt and other amylaceous substances
for brewing and other purposes by mechanically disintegrating the said substances
in a moist condition substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Secondly The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the apparatus
for preparing or moistening mixing and triturating malt or other amylaceous
substance substantially as and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly In apparatus for preparing malt or other amylaceous substances for

page_text: brewing or other purposes the employment of a toothed conical crusher combined
with a toothed case arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said John Henry Johnson have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal the ninth day of August One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
J. HENRY JOHNSON (L.S.)