IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURED OR ORNAMENTAL PAPER AND CARDBOARD FOR PAPER HANGINGS, TICKETS, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURED OR ORNAMENTAL PAPER AND CARDBOARD
FOR PAPER HANGINGS, TICKETS, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication from abroad by Moriz Weinrich,
of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Manufacturer.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1880.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURED OR ORNAMENTAL
PAPER AND CARDBOARD FOR PAPER HANGINGS, TICKETS, AND OTHER PURPOSES,
AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication from abroad by
Moriz Weinrich, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Manufacturer.
This Invention relates to the manufacture of coloured paper or card, and it
consists in applying a solution of coloring matter to one side of the paper during
the process of manufacturing the same, as hereinafter described. The colouring
matter employed should be perfectly soluble, and all mineral colours should be
rejected as unsuitable. The colouring matter in solution in proportions corre-
sponding to the depth of colour required is placed in a suitable vessel, and
maintained in continual motion by mechanical stirrers. The proportion of colour
in the solution varies according to the shade of colour which it is desired to impart
to the product.
When good aniline colours are employed, which are the best adapted for the
process, about one part by weight colouring matter to one thousand parts of water
is sufficient in order to obtain a deep shade of colour. The solution of colour may
be mixed with gun or size before being applied to the paper or card.
The solution of colour flows out of the vessel through a pipe provided with a
regulating valve into a shoot or gutter situate over one of the pressing rollers of
the paper machine, whence the liquid overflows onto the upper pressing roller,

page_text: and thence on to the wet paper, being equally distributed by the upper roller, so
as to colour the paper as it passes through the machine.
The colouring liquid may be supplied to the press roller and paper at the centre
of the gutter or through a slit extending the whole length of the latter, or through
holes suitably arranged. The superfluous colouring liquid flows away on either
side over the lower roller, where it is received in side gutters provided for this
purpose, and is collected in a small shoot for re-use.
By means of this process coloured patterns or designs may also be formed upon
the paper by marking out or impressing the pattern upon the wet paper by means
of a suitable roller in such a manner that the colouring liquid is deposited in
greater quantities in the depressed portions of the surface, thereby producing
different shades of colour on the paper corresponding to the design or pattern ou
the roller.
By employing a number of reservoirs in juxtaposition containing different
colours, a variety of colours may be imparted to the paper by causing the different
colours to flow into the gutter alternately with a short interval between them.
The paper so manufactured may then be disposed of as stained or coloured
paper, or be made up in rolls for hangings.
The paper coloured on one side only, according to this Invention, also constitutes
a very economical substitute for paper and card formed by two sheets adhering
together, and for material for railway tickets, packing paper for sugar, candles, and
the like.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
November 1880.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
3 Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORED OR ORNAMENTAL
PAPER AND CARDBOARD FOR PAPER HANGINGS, TICKETS, AND OTHER PURPOSES,
AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication from abroad by
Moriz Weinrich, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Manufacturer.
This Invention relates to the coloring of paper on one side only as it passes
through the ordinary pressing rollers of the paper making machine by causing a
diluted solution of coloring matter to flow into the angle formed between the
pressing roller and the wet web of paper, so as to accumulate to a certain extent
in front of the roller, and be spread uniformly over the upper surface of the paper,
as hereinafter described.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the several
Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 is a diagram, side elevation, shewing the general arrangement of the
apparatus.
Figure 2 is a corresponding front elevation, and Figure 3 is a plan of the
apparatus.
In these Figures fis the web of paper to be colored, g is the upper pressing
roller, and g¹ is the lower pressing roller of a paper making machine. A trough b
for the reception of the solution of coloring matter is arranged above the roller g
over the centre of the web of paper, and is provided with a central opening c,
which allows the coloring solution to overflow into a gutter or conduit c¹ of
copper or brass (for example), whereby the solution is conducted exactly into the
angle formed between the roller g and the surface of the paper fin such a manner
that the stream of color issuing from the mouth of the conduit c¹ does not impinge
either against the surface of the roller g or on the paper f, the extremity of the
conduit c¹ being immersed in the body of liquid which collects in front of the
roller g between the points d and e.
The thin solution of color from a vessel provided with an agitator prepared of
the desired shade is supplied to the trough 6 through a cock a, and in consequence of
the level adjustment of the paper machine the color is spread uniformly over the
whole breadth of the web of paper, which is carried on an ordinary felt apron h,
the amount of color supplied being regulated at the same time by means of the
cock a in such a manner as to allow a slight overflow of color to take place at d
and e over the edges of the web of paper and felt apron h, thereby ensuring the
uniform distribution of color over the entire surface of the paper.
The excess of color overflowing at the edge of the web at d and e flows away
over the lower roller g³, and is collected at both sides of the web in gutters k, l,
arranged above a gutter i provided for the reception of the water that is pressed
out by the rollers. The color collected in the gutters k flows through a conduit
into a vessel m, where it is retained, and may then be employed again, as herein-
after described. The vessel m is provided with a fine sieve n at its upper part,
through which the color is caused to pass for the purpose of clearing it from any
minute fibres that it may have carried away from the surface of the paper.
two gutters k are moveable, and may be shifted according to the width of the
paper, so as to allow the overflowing color alone to be collected in these gutters,
The

page_text: whilst the water pressed out by the rollers is collected in the usual manner in the
gutter i, whence it flows away through a conduit ¿¹.
When it is desired to color card or thick paper it is preferable to perform the
operation as the paper passes through the couching or No. 1 press, whilst the
thinner descriptions of paper are more conveniently treated in the No. 2 or No. 3
press.
In order to obtain a uniform distribution and deposition of the colour upon the
surface of the paper, from about one to two per cent. of super sulphate of alumina
is added to the pulp when aniline colours are employed. When other than aniline
colors are used other mordants corresponding to the nature of the colors employed
are introduced into the pulp in order to ensure the adhesion of the solution of colors
to the paper. The addition of such chemicals contributes to the fixing of the color,
and also generally prevents the color from soaking through the body of the paper
even when thin paper is operated on The paper thus colored as it travels along
passes through the whole of the paper making machine in the usual manner.
When it is desired to produce paper presenting different colors on the opposite
sides one of the desired colors is introduced into the pulp, the colored paper
manufactured therefrom being subsequently colored on one side only with a
different color as it passes through the pressing rollers of the paper making
machine.
By means of the said Invention the paper is caused to leave the paper making
machine in a condition to be employed as colored or tinted paper, or made up in
rolls for paper hangings and other similar purposes.
The paper when colored on one side only, as herein before described, may also be
advantageously employed as an extremely cheap substitute for the paper and card
heretofore formed in sheets cemented together, and may also be used for railway
tickets, shop paper, or packing paper for sugar, candles, and the like, in lieu of the
white paper usually employed for this purpose.
P
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
Colouring paper and card on one side in ordinary paper making machines
simultaneously with the manufacture of the paper by conducting a thin solution
of color to one of the rollers of a paper making machine, substantially as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Twenty fourth day of November,
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)