Electrical Currents.
Year: 1887

page_text: Electrical Currents.
I CHARLES ZIPERNOWSKI of Budapest in the Kingdom of Hungary, Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to improvements in machines for the production of alternating
electrical currents, whereby the manufacture fitting up, and taking to pieces of such
machines are greatly facilitated while at the same time the improvements tend to
increase the useful effect of such machines.
The improvements are as follows. The cores of the electro-magnets, which induce
currents in the armature, and round which the direct or continuous current flows, are
divided many times in a direction parallel with the lines of force; they may for this
purpose be composed of iron wire or of thin iron plates, which as far as possible
are continuous in the direction of the lines of force and are insulated from one another
by layers between each plate or wire, of shellac, paper-leaves, natural or artificial
layers of iron oxide or the like.
Figures 1 and 2 sheet I of the drawings shew a longitudinal and transverse section
of a machine in which the field magnets E revolve inside the armature and are built
up of thin iron plates insulated from one another in a suitable manner and are tied
together by means of two naves or flanged bosses N and pressure plates or strong
outside plates P so as to form a compact whole. The bobbins S are slid over the
cores and are held inwards against centrifugal force by transverse pieces T 1 which
are fixed to the naves by screws S 1.
The armature coils J in which the current is induced have likewise laminated iron
cores, the laminae of which are electrically insulated from one another, and when put
together form a cylindrical or polygonal drum, which is divided into several parts by
radial or nearly radial slots, these slots M are either inside the armature bobbins as
Figs. 12 and 3 sheet 1, in which case they run parallel or nearly parallel with the
direction of the lines of force, or they cut through the bridge or yoke, as at Fig. 4
sheet I, which connects the armature cores, in a plane at an angle to the direction of
the lines of force.

page_text: •
The last arrangement offers this special advantage, that it is much easier to test or
change the bobbins, as each bobbin with its core can be made to form a complete and
independent piece of construction.
In the construction shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet I, the cores of the induction
bobbins or armature coils are fixed to the two shields or side cheeks of the machine by
means of traversing bolts while the bobbins are held in place by means of transverse
piccs T2 bolted to two metal flanges or thick washers F, the latter serving also to
compress the iron laminae of the induction bobbins.
In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet II a suitable number of thin iron
plates B of shape are firmly pressed together by means of a bolt passing through
them and two strong side plates. Some metal plates N which are perforated with
many holes for the prevention of eddy or Foucault currents, are placed at intervals
between the thin iron plates or laminac, partly to hold fast the bobbins by means of
clamps projecting sideways screwed up from inside the armature, and again partly to
secure the whole consisting of bobbin and core to a transverse piece or part of the
frame T, which lies insulated upon the shields or side cheeks of the machine.
In order that with the first described arrangement it may be possible for the
purpose of testing or changing a bobbin to remove the same without requiring to
draw out the entire wheel or drum the cores and coils can be formed in the mannor
shewn at Fig. 4 sheet II so that, for instance the core K can be drawn out of its
bobbin.
The electromagnet can be constructed in a like manner, the laminated drum E
being divided radially or nearly so, either inside the coils as at Fig. 3 Sheet I or
outside the coils as at Fig. 4 Sheet II; in this case the laminae are held together by bolts
insulated from the laminae.
With the cores of the armature as well as with the cores of the electro-magnets a
combination of the above described two methods of division can also be carried out,
the two different forms of laminae being used together so that the alternate thin iron
plates or laminae of the cores are of different forms.
The principle of construction under these conditions also allows the breadth of the
cores of the magnets to be made either greater or less than or of the same as those of
the cores of the armature coils.
From this it follows that a different character can be given to the curve according
to which the induced current changes its intensity and direction.
The cores of the electro-magnets as well as those of the armature can also be made
broader or narrower at the ends of the poles, that is, the ends at the air space, than at
the opposite ends, which are at the ends of the bobbins fathest from the air space.
The electro-magnets can also be furnished with pole pieces as at Fig. 3 sheet II.
Such divided electro-magnet cores as before described can also be combined with
an armature core which is not divided by slots as at and Fig. 3 sheet II.
Lastly the electromagnets and the induction bobbins may be arranged sideways
next one another as at Fig. 5 and 6 Sheet II, and either so that the electro-magnets
rotate between fixed armature coils on both sides, or, so that the electro-magnets are
fixed and the armature rotates.
The form in which the iron cores project into the bobbins is shewn in Fig. 6 a
Sheet II.
The magnetisation of the electro-magnets is either effected from outside the machine,
by means of a continuous or directed current, or by means of a current commutated
into a continuous current in the machine itself i.e. self-exciting.
Should it be desired that a machine should give a continuous current instead of an
alternating one, the current coming immediately from the armature must be first
changed into a continuous current by means of a commutator.
D1007
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the.Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Machines for the Production of Alternating
Electrical Currents.
I CHARLES ZIPERNOWSKI of Budapest in the Kingdom of Hungary Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to improvements in machines for the production of alternating
electrical currents, whereby the manufacture, fitting up, and taking to pieces of such
machines are greatly facilitated, while at the same time the improvements tend to
increase the useful effect of such machines.
The improvements are as follows:-
The cores of the electro magnets, which induce currents in the armature, and round
which the direct or continuous current flows, are divided many times in a direction
parallel with the lines of force; they may for this purpose be composed of iron wire
or of thin iron plates, which as far as possible are continuous in the direction of the
lines of force, and are insulated from one another by layers between the plates or
wires of shellac, paper leaves, natural or artificial layers of iron oxide or the like.
Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification shew a
longitudinal and transverse section of a machine in which the field magnets E revolve
inside the armature, and are built up of thin iron plates which are insulated from one
another in a suitable manner and are tied together by means of two naves or flanged
bosses N and pressure plates or strong outside plates P so as to form a compact whole.
The bobbins S are slid over the cores and are held inwards against centrifugal force
by transverse pieces T, which are fixed to the naves by screws S. The armature coils J
in which the current is induced have likewise laminated iron cores, the laminae of
which are electrically insulated from one another and when put together form a
cylindrical or polygonal drum, which is divided into several parts by radial or nearly
radial slots; these slots M are either inside the armature bobbins as Figs. 1. 2 and 3
Sheet I, in which case they run parallel with the direction of the lines of force, or
they cut through the bridge or yoke which connects the armature cores in a plane at.
an angle to the direction of the lines of force as at Fig. 4 sheet I.
The last arrangement offers this special advantage, that it is much easier to test or
change the bobbins, as each bobbin with its core can be made to form a complete and
independent piece of construction.
In the construction shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 sheet I, the cores of the induction
bobbins or armature coils are fixed to the two shields or side cheeks of the machine
by means of traversing bolts while the bobbins are held in place by means of transverse
piece I bolted to two metal flanges or thick washers F the latter serving also to
compress the iron laminae of the induction bobbins.
In the construction shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 sheet II a suitable number of thin iron
plates B of T shape are firmly pressed together by means of a bolt passing through
them and two strong side plates. Some metal plates, N which are perforated with
many holes for the prevention of eddy or Foucault currents, are placed at intervals
between the thin iron plates or laminae, partly to hold fast the bobbins by means of

page_text: clamps projecting sideways screwed up from inside the armature, and also partly to
secure the whole, consisting of bobbin and core to a transverse piece or part of the
frame T, which lies insulated upon the shields or side cheeks of the machine.
In order that with the first described arrangement, it may be possible for the
purpose of testing or changing a bobbin, to remove the same without requiring to
draw out the entire wheel or drum, the cores and coils can be formed in the manner
shewn at Fig. 4 sheet II, so that for instance the core K can be drawn out of its
bobbin.
The electromagnet can be constructed in a like manner, the laminated drum E
being divided radially or nearly so either inside the coils as, at Fig. 3 Sheet I, or out-
side the coils as at Fig. 4 Sheet II; in this case the laminae are held together by
bolts insulated from the laminae.
Instead of dividing the laminae of the electro-magnet cores F shewn in Fig. 4
between each pair of coils, they may be divided only between several pairs of coils
each lamina being in that case made as a sector with two or more radial extensions.
In this case I prefer to put the successive laminae together so as to break joint.
With the cores of the armature as well as with the cores of the electro magnets, a
combination of the above described two methods of division can also be carried out,
the two different forms of laminae being used together, so that the alternate thin iron
plates or laminae of the cores are of different forins.
The principle of construction under these conditions also allows the breadth of the
cores of the magnets to be made either greater or less than, or the same as those of
the cores of the armature coils.
From this it follows that a different character can be given to the curve according
to which the induced current changes its intensity and direction.
The cores of the electro magnets as well as those of the armature can also be made
broader or narrower at the ends of the poles, that is, the ends at the air space, than at
the opposite ends, which are at the ends of the bobbins farthest from the air space.
The electro magnets can also be furnished with pole pieces as at Fig. 3 Sheet II.
Such divided electro magnet cores as before described, can also be combined with
an armature core which is not divided by slots Fig. 3 sheet II.
Lastly, the electro magnets and the induction bobbins may be arranged sideways
next one another as at Figs. 5 and 6 Sheet II; and either so that the electro magnets
rotate between fixed armature coils on both sides, or, so that the electro magnets are
fixed, and the armature rotates.
The form in which the iron cores project into the bobbins is shewn in Fig. 6 a
sheet II.
The magnetisation of the electro magnets is either effected from outside the machine,
by means of a continuous or direct current, or by means of a current commutated
into a continuous current in the machine itself i.e. self exciting.
Should it be desired that a machine should give a continuous current instead of an
alternating one, the current coming immediately from the armature must be first
changed into a continuous current by means of a commutator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
In machines for producing alternating electrical currents, constructing the cores of
the armatures or the cores of the electro magnets as a number of segmental iron
laminae lying in the plane of rotation substantially as described.
Dated this 18th day of September 1888.