IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUC
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Brooks, of the Firm of Messieurs Butter-
worth and Brooks, of Sunnyside, near Rawtenstall, in the County of Lan-
caster, Calico Printers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING
Sealed the 7th May 1861, and dated the 20th March 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Brooks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
March 1861.
I, THOMAS BROOKS, of the Firm of Messieurs Butterworth, and Brooks, of
Sunnyside, near Rawtenstall, in the County of Lancaster, Calico Printers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRODUCING COMBINATIONS OF CERTAIN COLOURS ON COTTON FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
In printing for the various colours derived from aniline in combination with
colours derived from madder and garancine, it has heretofore been requisite
to perform the operations separately either by cylinder or block, or partly by
cylinder and partly by block. Now my Invention consists in applying the
mordants or other fixing substances for the aniline, and the madder or garan-
cine colours to the fabrics simultaneously, thereby rendering them capable of
receiving the aniline and madder, or garancine colours by the subsequent
operations of dyeing. By this means time and labour are economised, and
novel combinations of colours can be produced.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Brooks in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BROOKS, of the Firm of Messieurs Butterworth and Brooks, of Sunnyside,
near Rawtenstall, in the County of Lancaster, Calico Printers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Thomas Brooks, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Brooks,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I; the said
Thomas Brooks, my executors, administrators,. and-assigns, should at any time
agree with; and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use; exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRODUCING COMBINATIONS OF CERTAIN COLOURS ON COTTON FABRICS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that. I, the said Thomas Brooks, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
::.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Brooks, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
i
In printing for the various colours derived from aniline in combination with
colours derived from madder, it has heretofore been requisite. to apply the
mordants or fixing substances by two separate operations. Now my Invention
consists in applying the mordants or fixing substances for the aniline, and those
for the madder colours to the fabrics simultaneously, thereby rendering them
capable of receiving the aniline and madder colours, or any of the various
colours derived from aniline and madder in the subsequent operations of fixing:
and dyeing. By this means time and labour are economised.

page_text: The mordants used for the madder, garancine, alizarine, or colours derived
therefrom, are those which are generally employed by calico printers and dyers.
The mordants or fixing substances which I prefer to employ for the various
colours derived from aniline are as follows, namely, first, acetate of tin;
secondly, a preparation of tin combined with tannic acid; and, thirdly, a
preparation of tannic acid. :
A convenient process for performing: my Invention is as follows:-―The
madder, alizarine,, or garancine mordants and acetate of tin are respectively
thickened with gum senegal or other thickening substances usually employed,
and are applied to the respective rollers or blocks; and then impressed on
the fabric by one operation. After printing. the fabric is steamed or not
steamed, then aged or not aged, and fixed in the ordinary manner of fixing
madder colours, adding chalk and a solution of arsiniate of potash, or of phós-
phate, or silicate of soda or lime, at a temperature one hundred and sixty
degrees to one hundred and eighty degrees Fahrenheit. After washing in
water, this process is again repeated in the ordinary way of second fixing or
dunging for garancine, alizarine, or madder work. The fabric is now put into
a dye beck or other suitable vessel filled with cold water, to which is added
tannic acid, or substances containing tannin, the proportion of which varies
according to the pattern printed and strength of substance used. I have
found that of tannic acid about an ounce to a piece of twenty-six yards
succeeds; the liquid is then gradually heated for half an hour, so as to bring
it to one hundred and twenty degrees or one hundred and thirty degrees
Fahrenheit; to this is then added the madder, garancine, or alizarine together
with any accessory usually employed, and the whole is gradually heated to the
boiling point in the course of one hour and boiled for twenty minutes. The
fabric is next well washed several times in water, and afterwards soaped in the
usual manner and again well washed. The fabric is then placed in a dye beck
or other suitable vessel, and the colours derived from aniline are added, the
whole is then brought up to the boiling heat in about one hour. After this
the fabrics are well washed and soaped or not soaped, according to the shade
of colour required; they are then dried, cleared, aud finished in the usual
manner.
The above process may be employed when using a mixture of tin, oxide, or
of a salt of oxide of tin, with tannic acid or substances containing tannin
thickened with gum senegal or other thickening substances with the usual
mordant for madder, garancine, and alizarine colours, proceeding afterwards
in the manner as above described, with the exception of adding the tannin
substances and the half hour's heating.

page_text: When printing with tannic acid or substances containing tannin thick-
ened with gum senegal or other thickening substances, together with the
mordant for madder, garancine, or alizarine colours; the fabric is steamed,
aged or not aged, and fixed with salt of antimony and the usual dung sub-
stitutes, and then dyed with madder and aniline colours; as above described.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I wish to remark that I do not intend to limit my claim to
the particular process for printing with madder and aniline colours, nor to the
particular details, ingredients, or proportions above given; but what I do
claim is, the printing of mordants, or fixing substances for both madder and
aniline colours by one operation.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Brooks, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
(87) SOON SYMOHLI