Combined Draught-regulator and Spark Arrester for Locomotive- engines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Mar., 1896-Accepted, 30th May. 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Combined Draught-regulator and Spark Arrester for Locomotive-
engines.
I, ROBERT DEISSLER, of 2, Elsenstrasse of Treptow, near Berlin, in the
Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The ejection of sparks from the chimney of a locomotive engine is generally
greatest when the cylinders are charged with somewhat great quantities of live-
steam at each stroke of their respective pistons. The enormous quantities of
expanded steam then ejected by the blast-nozzle cause, first, the air to pass with
very great velocity through the grate into the fire-box, and cause, second, the
fire-gases to stream with a still greater velocity from the fire-box through the small
fire-tubes into the chimney. There are thus particles of coal carried from the grate,
and ejected from the chimney, in a burning state; said particles represent not only
a danger to the woods and forests, but a direct loss of coal because this latter has
not been fully consumed.
The objects of my invention are, first, to cause a better combustion of the coal,
so as to reduce the arising of sparks as much as possible, and second, to hinder
even the few sparks arising from leaving the chimney. I attain said objects by
arranging an inclined wing or wings near to the blast-nozzle, in such a manner,
and in such a position, that said wing or wings may be regarded as a part or
parts of the blade of a screw, and is or are normally situated below the plane
of the opening of the nozzle. Said wings may be either stationary (with regard
to the nozzle) or movable, but if stationary I combine them, or the blast-nozzle,
or a casing surrounding said nozzle and carrying the said wing or wings, with
a slide that also surrounds said nozzle, and may be moved in a vertical direction.
The wing or wings may, if desired, be secured to said slide, so as also to be
movable in a vertical direction, but I may make said wing or wings movable in
such a way, by attaching them to a suitable frame, that may, or may not be
combined with a special slide. In fact, if employing a movable wing or wings,
I need not make use of a special slide, although I prefer to do so; but I make
use of such a slide in all cases in which perfectly stationary wings are employed.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying drawing,
in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the different views, and in
which :-
Figure 1 is a front view of the first form of construction of my novel draught
regulating and spark arresting device, the chimney being shown in vertical section.
Figure 2 is a plan of said device, the chimney being left away,
Figure 3 is a front view similar to Figure 1, the wing being shown in another
position,
Figure 4 is a front view of a modified form of construction,
Figure 5 is a similar view, the wings being in another position,
Figure 6 is a plan of the modification shown in Figs. 4 & 5, the chimney being
removed,
Figure 7 is a front view of a second modification, and
Figure 8 is a similar view showing the slide in another position.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2 & 3 a designates the blast-nozzle, b the tubes leading the

page_text: waste steam from the cylinders to said nozzle, and c the chimney. The lower
portion of the blast nozzle is surrounded by a casing d that takes around the tubes b,
and is provided with a somewhat conical bottom d. Said casing d holds or supports
pivots e (Fig. 2) that are arranged radially with regard to the nozzle a, and serve
each as a bearing for a wing f that is firmly connected with a lever g. Said levers
extend upwards, and are each connected by chains h h with any desired means for
operating the wings f.
The wings are thus arranged directly below the chimney c, or within the way
of the waste-gases of the furnace respectively. Said gases (or a certain portion
thereof) when flowing from the fire-tubes into the chimney are thus compelled to
push upon said wings, which are inclined, and are arranged in such a manner as to
represent parts of the blade of a screw. The degree of inclination of the said
wings may be altered by means of the levers g and the chains h h¹ (or their
equivalents) according to any requirement, or according to the quantity of the
live-steam with which the cylinders are charged at each stroke of their pistons
respectively. As long as said charge is a normally low one the position of the
wings is about that shown in Fig. 3, in which the resistance offered to the rising
furnace-gases by said wings is but small. The gases pushing upon the wings are
deflected by the same, and the few small particles of unburnt coal that are carried
forth by said gases are deflected to the walls of the chimney, so that their further
motion is stopped by said walls, and they are caused to fall down upon the bottom
of the smoke-box. If, however, greater charges of live-steam are requisite for
the cylinders, and if thus the draught caused by the escaping waste steam is
increased, the inclination of the wings (with regard to a horizontal plane) is
correspondingly decreased (compare Fig. 1). The pitch of the deflected fire-gases
becomes then a considerably less one, and owing to the resistance offered by the
wings to said gases, the action of the blast steam upon the latter is greatly reduced
so that the air cannot flow with undue force into the fire-box, and cannot therefore
tear particles of coal away from the grate in a greater measure than was the case
up to then. The few sparks still arising are again thrown against the walls of
the chimney, and are thus caused to fall down as afore described.
I wish it to be understood that I do not lay in this Specification any claim upon
the casing d d afore mentioned. The wings f need not be arranged at the side
or mantle of such a casing but may be situated as near as possible to the nozzle a,
and I prefer to arrange the inclined wings in such a manner with regard to said
nozzle, that they do not project beyond the plane of the opening of the said nozzle.
Instead of arranging the movable wings in the manner shown in Figs. 1, 2 & 3
I may arrange them in the manner shown in Figs. 4, 5 & 6 in which the wings
may be moved in a vertical direction without undergoing an alteration in their
degree of inclination. In the form of construction shown the wings are secured
to an annular slide i that normally takes about the casing d. This latter
surrounds the nozzle a as well as the adjacent portions of the exhaust tubes b
and is reduced towards its lower end, or closed at said end by a bottom d
respectively that terminates in an edge or point. A double-armed or three-armed
bow k connects the slide i with a chain, by means of which the slide and the
wings may be raised, as shown as an example in Fig. 5. The fire-gases are thus
in this form of construction throttled not by a greater inclination of the wings with
regard to the direction of the fire-gases but by the higher position of the slide i
The annular space remaining between the upper edge of said slide and the opposite
portion of the chimney c is more and more diminished with the increasing higher
position of the slide i, and the fire-gases that are compelled to pass through said
annular space are thus throttled in a corresponding degree.
The slide with the wings f¹ is raised when the cylinders are to be fed with
greater charges of live-steam than are normally requisite, i.e. when the draught
produced by the large quantities of the waste-steam streaming forth from the
nozzle into the chimney becomes as great as to hinder the coal from being fully
exhausted. The fire-gases are then not only throttled but are again caused to

page_text: make a screw-like way, as already described with regard to Figs. 1-3. The few
sparks still arising are thrown against the lower portion of the chimney, and are
thus caused to fall down into the smoke-box, as afore described.
The throttling of the fire-gases is, however, due not entirely to the higher
position of the slide i but also, to the higher position of the wings, and
I may in some cases attach said wings not to a true slide, such as i (Figs. 4,
but I may secure them to a frame of any desired description, provided,
the wings can be raised and lowered by the mediation of said frame. On
the other hand, I may make use of a slide, such as i, without attaching the
wings to said slide. The latter are then preferably arranged below the
slide, as shown in Figs. 7 & 8. In this mode of construction the wings f2 are
secured to the lower portion of the easing d d. The upper portion of said casing
serves again as a guide for the slide i. I do not confine myself, however, to guiding
the slide by a casing, such as d, or merely by such a casing, but I may employ
other means, may be together with the casing d. In the form of construction
shown in Figs. 7 & 8, I have secured frames m to the lower portion of the
chimney c, but I wish it strictly to be understood, that I do not confine myself to
guides of this description, as it will be clear to every expert that the slide i may
be guided in a great variety of ways.
Another example therefor is shown in Figs. 4 & 5, in which three vertical rods m²
secured with their lower ends to the upper portion of the casing d serve as a guide
or guides for the slide i. The upper ends of said rods are rigidly connected by a
ring m 2.
The manner of the co-operation of the slide i and the wings 2 is very similar to
that before described, and I have therefore dispensed with giving the same
explanations a second time,
If employing other means than a casing, such as d, for guiding the slide i I may
attach the wings f2 directly to the exhaust pipes b, or to suitable projections
thereof respectively. This applies also to the form of construction first described
(Figs. 1, 2 & 3), and also the means for operating the movable wings of said first
form of construction may be greatly varied as will be also clear to every expert
without a further explanation. Also the chains (Figs. 1, 2 & 3) and the
chain 2 (Figs. 4, 5, 7 & 8) may be replaced by other means, for instance by a rope
or rod; but instead of operating the wings or the slide from above (through the
chimney) I may operate them from below, or from one or the other side as best
suited for the particular type of locomotive engine, which my novel device is to be
attached to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a locomotive engine, the combination with the blast-nozzle, of an inclined
wing or wings situated near to said nozzle, and arranged similar to a part or parts
of the blade of a screw; said wing or wings being adapted to be turned around
an axis or axes situated radially with regard to said nozzle, for the purpose as
described.
2. In a locomotive engine, the combination with the blast-nozzle, of an inclined
wing or wings situated near to said nozzle, and arranged similar to a part or parts
of the blade of a screw; said wing or wings being adapted to be moved in a vertical
direction, for the purpose as described.
3. In a locomotive engine, the combination with the blast-nozzle, of a movable
inclined wing or wings, situated near to said nozzle below the plane of the opening
of the same, and arranged similar to a part or parts of the blade of a screw, for the
purpose as described..
4. In a locomotive engine, the combination with the blast-nozzle, of a slide
surrounding said nozzle, and adapted to be moved in a vertical direction; an
inclined wing or wings situated near to said slide, and arranged similar to a part

page_text: or parts of the blade of a screw; and a guide or guides for the said slide, for the
purpose as described.
5. In a locomotive engine, the combination with the blast-nozzle, of a slide
surrounding said nozzle, and adapted to be moved in a vertical direction; an
inclined wing or wings attached to said slide and arranged similar to a part or
parts of the blade of a screw; and a guide or guides for the said slide, for the
purpose as described.
6. In a locomotive engine, the combination with the blast-nozzle, of a slide
surrounding said nozzle, and adapted to be moved in a vertical direction; an
inclined wing or wings attached to the mantle-surface of said slide and arranged
similar to a part or parts of the blade of a screw; and a guide or guides for the
said slide; the latter when in its lowest position having its upper edge laying in
or below the plane of the opening of the said nozzle, for the purpose as described.
Dated this 24th day of March 1896.
ROBERT DEISSLER,
By Geo. H. Rayner,
Agent for the Applicant.