Improvements relating to-Electric Lamps.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Jan.. 1895
Complete Specification Left, 19th Oct., 1895-Accepted, 14th Dec., 1895
Improvements relating to-Electric Lamps.
We, ROBERT HACKING, of 77. Kirkewhite Street, Joiner,., and GEORGE
BRAND, of 152 Queen's Walk, Engineer, both 'in the Town and County of the
Town of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as
follows :-
Our invention relates to the construction and arrangement of a combined
protector and reflector for electric lamps, whether incandescent, or arc, such
protector comprising a casing or cover formed partly of a tough transparent or
translucent material, and the reflector being so adapted as to enable the light of
the lamp to be thrown in any desired direction. The combined protector and "
reflector may, moreover, be capable of swivelling relatively to the lamp.
1.
Our invention is more particularly applicable to incandescent or glow lamps:
for domestic, mining, and other purposes; also to lamps for use on board ships;
or to railway hand lamps, stage foot lights, cycle lamps, as well as to lamps for
use by weavers and others working textile. and lace machinery, and generally to all
cases where the lamps are liable to rough or careless usage.
.
In carrying out our invention, we enclose an incandescent or glow lamp
(or lamps) in the casing or cover above mentioned and "glaze" the latter at front,
or both at front and at the sides, with mica, toughened glass, celluloid, xyolinite.
born, or other suitable transparent or translucent inaterial, while the portion
behind, or at the sides of the lamp is made of metal, or other material, whose
inner surface is polished, or treated, to form the reflector. The transparent: or
translucent material may be plain or coloured, according as the lamp is intended for
general illumination, for signalling, or for ornamental purposes.
According to one arrangement, the transparent or translucent material is held ‹t
between the approximately semicircular edges of a U or other suitably shaped
reflector, mounted upon and arranged to swivel on the battery casing, the incan-
descent or glow lamp (or lamps) "being situated centrally of the reflector, and
suitable means being, if desired, provided to relieve the strain or pull upon the
platinum terminals.
"
:
In some cases, the globe or bulb, and its casing, may be secured to a handle..
and be connected to the battery, or other source of electricity, by means of a
flexible conductor (or conductors) thereby greatly facilitating its use with textile,
or lace, machinery, and in confided spaces generally. This flexible conductor is
preferably a double stranded one, and is provided at its free end with a two pole
contact plug adapted to complete the circuit: when inserted into a corresponding..
socket in the battery casing. In this instance, the base of the reflector is preferably.
of square or rectangular shape, and from two of its opposite sides extend semi-
circular plates or cheeks against whose edges the transparent or translucent material
is held by a light metal frame.
It will be understood that the beam of light thrown by the first mentioned..
arrangement of combined protector and reflector will be wider in one direction
than in the other, by reason of the shape of the reflector, and that the distribution.
of the light can be varied by swivelling, or turning, the reflector so as to bring
the widest part of the beam borizontal, or vertical, or otherwise, as desired.

page_text: Furthermore, as the lamp is protected from injury, it may be placed in any
required position, and be provided with a tube on which the casing or protector
above mentioned may be mounted.
Dated this 10th don of Law 100
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78 Fleet Street, London, and 6, Victoria Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicants.
improvements relating to Electric Lamps.
now of
We, ROBERT HACKING, formerly of 77 Kirkewhite Street, but
44 Crocus Street, Joiner, and GEORGE BRAND, of 152 Queen's Walk, Engineer,
both in the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our invention relates to the construction and arrangement of a combined
protector and reflector for electric lamps, whether incandescent or arc, such
protector comprising a casing or cover formed partly of a tough transparent
or translucent material, and the reflector being so adapted as to enable the
light of the lamp to be thrown in any desired direction. The combined protector
and reflector may, moreover, in some cases, be capable of swivelling relatively to
the lamp.
Our invention is more particularly applicable to incandescent or glow lamps for
domestic, mining, and other purposes; also to lamps for use on board ships, and in
powder magazines, malt mills, and other places where there is liability to
explosion; to railway hand lamps, stage foot lights, cycle lamps, as well as to
lamps for use by weavers and others working textile and lace machinery, and
generally to all cases where the lamps are liable to rough or careless usage.
In carrying out our invention, we enclose an incandescent or glow lamp (or lamps)
in the casing or cover before mentioned, and "glaze" the latter at front, or both at
front and at the sides, with mica, toughened glass, celluloid, xylonite, hern, or other
suitable transparent or translucent material, while the portion behind, or at the
sides of the lamp is made of metal, or other material, and has its inner surface
polished, or treated, to form the reflector. The transparent or translucent material
may be plain or coloured according as the lamp is intended for general illumination,
for signalling, or for ornamental purposes.
According to one arrangement, the transparent or translucent material is held
between the approximately semicircular edges of a U or other like suitably shaped
reflector, mounted upon and arranged to swivel on the battery casing, the
incandescent or glow lamp (or lamps) being situated centrally of the reflector, and
suitable means being, if desired, provided to relieve the strain or pull upon the
platinum terminals.
In some cases, the globe or bulb and its casing may be secured to a handle and
be connected to the battery, or other source of electricity, by means of a flexible
conductor (or conductors) thereby greatly facilitating its use with textile or lace
machinery, and in confined spaces generally. Furthermore, as the lamp is
protected from injury, it may be placed in any required position, and be
provided with a tube on which the casing or protector herein before mentioned
may be mounted.

page_text: And in order that our invention may be readily understood, we will describe the
same fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a hand lamp and battery complete, embodying
our improvements, and suitable for use as a domestic lamp, or as a miners' lamp.
Fig. 2 is a detail perspective view, to a larger scale, showing our protector-
reflector.
Fig. 3 is a cross section, and Fig. 4 a sectional elevation corresponding to
Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a part sectional plan and Fig. 6 a side elevation of a modification in
which a handle is provided together with a flexible conductor, so that the lamp can
be moved about independently of the battery, or other source of electricity, as for
instance when picking up threads in lace machines; it may however be used as an
adjunct to the hand lamp.
The
Referring to Figs. to 4 of the drawings, a is the incandescent or glow lamp,
and 6 is the casing in which is the battery for working the same. c is the tough
transparent or translucent protective material with which the casing or cover of
the protector is provided, and d the U-shaped metal reflector forming the body of
such protector. This reflector is provided with a beaded edge d¹ to hold and retain
the sheet, or the like, of mica c, and it has a socket 2 capable of swivelling upon
a tubular portion e, formed upon a mounting el secured to the battery case.
socket d is retained in place on e by the turned over rim e2 of the mounting e¹.
Through the centre of this mounting, pass the wires 61 from the battery to the
lamp; and in order to take the strain or weight of the lamp off the platinum
terminals, a third wire a¹ is fused centrally into, or otherwise secured to, the lamp
and hooks onto a central wire a² secured in the battery case. If this third wire be
not of platinum, care should be taken that it does not pass right through the
"beetle" a* of the lamp, so avoiding risk of the difference in contraction injuring
the lamp aud destroying the vacuum. Thus it will be seen that the protector-
reflector can be turned or swivelled about the tubular portion e which serves as an
axis to bring it into any desired position between the vertical and the horizontal
without, in any wise, disturbing the lamp, or its connections. It will also be seen
that the beam of light thrown by this arrangement of combined protector and
reflector will be wider in one direction than in the other by reason of the U shape
of the reflector, and that the distribution of the light can be varied by swivelling
the reflector d upon the tubular portion e so as to bring the widest part of the
beam horizontal, or vertical, or otherwise, as desired.
In the modification shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and which is designed for use in
connection with lace machinery, or in confined spaces generally, similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts to those previously described. In this
modification, the casing or cover of the protector is of semi-cylindrical form, and
the reflector d, which is of dished or concave form, and is situated behind the
lamp, is provided with a handle d³ through which passes a double-strand flexible
conductor 62, leading from the battery to the lamp, and provided at its free end
with a two pole contact plug 63, adapted to complete the circuit when inserted into
a corresponding socket (Fig. 1) in the battery casing. The base of this reflector
is of square or rectangular shape, and from two of its opposite sides extend semi-
circular plates or cheeks d, against whose edges the transparent or translucent
material c, is held by a light metal frained secured to these edges by screws de
In this instance, the lamp itself is held in position by a wire support f, which is
soldered at one end to the handle, and at the other end is coiled round the neck of
the lamp, in which a shallow groove or recess is formed for its reception. In using
the lamp just described, as an adjunct to the hand lamp shown in Figs. 1 to 4, it is
preferably carried by the miner or other person employing the hand lamp, and is
only intended to be connected with the battery in the event of the lamp of the
latter becoming damaged, so that the user can, at once, insert the plug of the
flexible conductor 2 into the socket 6* and thereby obtain a light to enable him to.
continue his work.

page_text: Although various materials have been mentioned to serve as the transparent or
translucent material, yet we wish it to be understood that we prefer to use mica or
toughened glass, for this purpose, especially with lamps of considerable power and
high tension; as celluloid and xylonite are only applicable to lamps of small power,
such for instance as those known as "fairy lamps."
"
It will be obvious that although we have described and shown our invention as
applied to an incandescent or glow lamp, it can be applied to arc lamps. Also
that the headed edge d' for holding the transparent or translucent material c may
be hinged to the reflector; as in Fig. 4, and that the said reflector may be secured
to the casing by a bayonet joint, or other suitable' device; to permit of its ready'
removal when required:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner. the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim.is:-
1. A combined protector and reflector for electric lamps comprising a glazed
casing or cover (whose interior surface serves as a reflector) formed with flattened
sides so that the beam of light emitted is wider in one direction than in the other,
substantially as described.
2. A combined protector and reflector for electric lamps,. comprising a U or like
shaped metal reflector having flattened sides, and glazed with mica, or other tough
transparent or translucent material, the reflector being arranged to swivel to bring
the widest part of the beam horizontal, vertical, or otherwise, substantially as
described.
3. The combination of a portable battery, an electric lamp, and a casing to
protect said lamp, this casing being formed with flattened sides so as to throw a
beam of light wider in one direction than in the other, substantially as described.
4. The modified arrangement of combined protector and reflector for electric
lamps, in which the casing or holder carrying the mica, or other transparent or
translucent material, has its base formed to serve as a reflector, and is provided
with a handle through which the conductors pass, substantially as described with
reference to Fig. 5 of the drawings.
5. Our improvements in or relating to electric lamps, substantially as hereinbefore
described and as shown in the annexed drawings.
Dated this 19th day of October 1895.
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 5ª Market Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicants.