Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres aud Rims, and Apparatus connected therewith.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres aud Rims, and Apparatus
connected therewith.
JOHN ADAIR, Baker, Waterford, Co. Waterford, Irelan 1, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The following illustrates this invention―
Fig. 1. R is rim. E are cavities at cach side of rim B. are india rubber bands
extending around the rim seated in cavities E. but removable. C. is cover with
wired edges. To put on cover remove B. enter edge of cover into E. at one side
of rim and the other side of cover will slip over rim. Push back the edge of cover
until it is seated on the inside plate X of rim. Replace india rubber band B. into
cavity E. Like operation on other side of cover or if prefered both sides of
cover could be entered at one side of rim. When cover is inflated the edges move
outwards over their india rubber seats as shewn in Fig. 1. which seats may be
round so as to contain a circle of india rubber as shewn in Fig. 2.
To take off cover the edge is pressed inwards on the plate X. band B removed―
cover edge entered in cavity E at one side, and the other side of cover will slip
over rim.
If considered more convenient a portion of india rubber band B. need only be
removed, to allow cover to be put on or off.
Dated this 2nd day of 8th month 1895.
Improvements in Pneumatio Tyres and Rims, and Apparatus
connected therewith.
JOHN ADAIR Baker Waterford Co. Waterford Ireland, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The following illustrates this invention---
Fig. 1. R is rim. E are cavities at each side of rim. B. are india rubber
bands extending round the rim seated in cavities E. but removable. C. is cover
with wired edges. To put on cover, remove B. enter edge of cover into E at one
side of rim and the other side of cover will slip over rim.
Push back the edge of cover until it is seated on the inside plate X. of rim.
Replace india rubber band B. into cavity E. Like operation ou the other side of
cover, or if preferred both sides of cover could be entered at the one side of rim.
When cover is inflated-the edges move outwards-over their india rubber seats as
shewn in Fig. 1.—which seats may be round-so as to contain a circle of india-
rubber-as shewn in Fig. 2.
To take off cover, the edge is pressed inward on the plate X.
Band B.

page_text: removed-
d-cover edge entered into cavity E at one side, and the other side of cover
will slip over rim. If considered more convenient a portion of india rubber band B.
need only be removed to allow cover to be put on or off.
Fig. 3 shews this india rubber band enlarged to give a more perfect seat for edge
of cover-like letters represent like parts. Z is lip on cover.
Fig. 4. illustrates rim with a timber filling Y. the dark line B' being steel.
X. cover guide for edges of cover into its seat in band.
.
As the cover guide X. holds the cover in true position previous to and during
inflation, the cover must enter mechanically correct into its sent in band B. and
as band B. by its softness yields an easy entrance to wired edges of cover, also to
the projecting lip Z on cover, it follows that by this arrangement cover is correctly
& firmly seated in rim.
Considering that the action at each end of the Hat of a cover-by flat I mean,
the part in contact with the ground-is at one side passing from the circular to the
flat, and at the other side from the flit to the circular-and this taking place in
every part of the cover, should the revolution of the wheel be two to the second, it
follows that every part of the sides of the cover is under this action four times in a
second and as the shape of the flat differs from the shape of the circular, the
canvas which lies between the two shapes must be more or less strained out of its
natural position, and hence some strain must come upon the wire holding it, and
should this wire not be firmly seated it must yield, consequently vibration in the
edges of the cover-and therefore friction with the rim will ensue.
Thus the important advantages are apparent of having the wired edges correctly
and firmly seated, also of having the cover which is continually altering shape in
contact with a soft body-of its own nature, instead of in contact with a hard rim
which is dead to all movement and consequently out of harmony with a continually
active body.
But there are further important advantages the, band B having a deep seat in
rim into which it is forced by its own elasticity, also by the pressure of the wired
edges of cover, keeping it tight to the edges of rim and consequently swelling the
part of india rubber underneath it, which rests in cavity of rim-there is a perfect
joint made--which excludes damp, and thus preserves the inside of cover.
As it is evident that this band will preserve the edges of the cover from wear
not-only by yielding to all vibrations but also by coming between the rim and the
cover during the flattening of cover-which is at times extreme-owing to the
neglect of the rider to inflate.
The power to renew this band is practically the power of renewing the edges of
the cover, the band being in such perfect harmony with the edges of the cover in
its workings, that it is really to all intents and purposes a continuation of the edges
of the cover.
Also a further exceedingly important advantage is the simple method of
repairing air-tube-thus-one side of the cover remaining firmly on the cover
guide X. the india rubber. band B. at the other side is removed and the cover
entering into the cavity E. of rim is drawn over other side of rim, and thus freed.
cover will rise sufficiently to permit access to air-tube.
As the edges of cover are fairly tight on cover-guide X no nipping of air tube
is possible.
"As both sides of the cover can come off at the same side, one india rubber ring.
can always remain seated-it is evident that as the cover guide X. keeps edges of
over correct for seating truly in india rubber band and elasticity of india rubber
band holds it firmly into its seat on rim-no errors of fit can take place, and also
as the removal of india rubber band is through its own elasticity and the placing
the cover on the cover guide X, is by a cavity at edge of rim-therefore readily
entered-being most convenient to the eye and fingers-the operation can, be
performed with the greatest ease and simplicity, especially as there is no danger of
nipping air tube.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. In a tyre for the wheels of velocipedes and other vehicles the combination with
the rim of flexible rings or bands substantially as described and for the purposes
specified.
2nd. A wheel rim having circumferential grooves or cavities E. and an inter-
mediate portion X. substantially as described and for the purposes specified.
3rd. In a tyre for use with a band herein before set forth, the lip or beading Z
with which the outer cover is provided in proximity to each of the wired edges for
the purposes specified.
4th. My improvements in pneumatic tyres and the rims of wheels for velocipedes
and other vehicles-substantially as described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
JOHN ADAIR.