IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TUBES TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TUBES TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH
SPINNING MACHINERY."- A communication from Jacques Motsch, of
Cernay, in the Empire of France, Lithographer.
Sealed the 30th October 1855, and dated the 8th May 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th May 1855.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TUBES TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH
SPINNING MACHINERY," a communication from Jacques Motsch, of Cernay, in
the Empire of France, Lithographer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for manufacturing paper tubes, such tubes being
intended to have cops formed over them, so that a free passage may be left
through the cop when completed, whereby its subsequent adjustment on any

page_text: other spindle, should it require to be again unwound, will be greatly facilitated,
without injury to or derangement of the interior of the cop. In manufacturing
tubes according to this Invention, a long strip of paper, of a width equal to the
length of tube to be made, is wound on to a bobbin or other suitablo holder.
The free end of this strip is passed along a guiding table and under a gum-
ming roller, and thence passes between a pair of fluted or plain feeding rollers,
which supply the requisite length at a time to the paper-cutting and tube-rolling
mechanism. This is effected by having a certain portion of the periphery of
one of the feed rollers recessed, so that the two rollers will not be in contact at
that part. The length of that portion which is thus left raised or projecting is
equal to the length of strip necessary to roll into a tube. The gumming of the
paper as it passes along is effected by a suitable gumming roller, which receives
a supply of gum from a suitablo reservoir. The paper is pressed upwards
against the under side of the roller by a lever and eccentric or cam, and thus a
small portion may be gummed at any desired part of the strip or length to be
afterwards cut off. It is found preferrable to gum the two ends only of such
length, as those portions most require adhesive material when the tube is rolled.
The severing of the desired length from the strip is effected by a suitable shear
or blade, working through a transverse slot in the guiding table, and actuated
by a cam and spring. This cutter does not quite sever the piece, but leaves a
small portion at each side unsevered, so that when the paper is being rolled up
into a tube, these unsevered portions will be torn assunder, & leave a slight
jaggedness, which will greatly assist in the effectual securing of that portion by
the adhesive material. Before the cutting action takes place, the paper is held
firmly on the table by a small holder, which is brought down on to it for that
purpose by a lever and eccentric or cam. The free end of the strip rests upon
a hollow or grooved arm, which groove exactly fits the surface of the mandrill.
There are mandrills, carried in a vertical rotatory spur wheel, and these
mandrills have each a rotatory motion round their own axes, as well as round
the axis of the carrying wheel. They are made to rotate, however, round their
own axes at the requisite time only, that is, when rolling a tube; and this is
accomplished by having a small toothed pinion fitted on to the back of each
rime into a toothed wheel, having vacant spaces left
at intervals, so that on arriving at those spaces without teeth the mandri win
cease to rotate round its own axis. As the mandrills are carried round, they
adjust themselves successively into the trough or groove of the arm before
referred to, and press the end of the strip of paper therein; the grooved arm
then turns round over the surface of the mandril until it arrives at the upper
surface thereof; this movement being effected by the arm rotating round an

page_text: axis of its own in another part of the machine. The mandrill should commence
to rotate immediately before coming in contact with the paper, so that the
paper, being nipped between the surface of the revolving mandrill and the
grooved arm, will be rolled loosely therein in the form of a tube. As the mandril
is carried downwards by the rotation of its carrying wheel, the paper tube
already formed upon it is rubbed against a leather band, which is kept in a
state of tension by a spring and counterweight; by this means the coiling of the
paper is rendered tighter, & the tube is consequently strengthened on arriving
at the opposite side of the machine. The tube is pushed off the mandrill
into a suitable receptacle by means of a detacher, which consists of a piece of
metal having an inverted A groove formed in it, the sides of which groove are
roughened. The mandrill as it ascends brings the tube into the groove, and by
an advance movement of the detacher, which is effected by an eccentric or cam,
the finished tube is pushed off the mandril.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th November 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TUBES
TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH SPINNING MACHINERY," a communication from
Jacques Motsch, of Cernay, in the Empire of France, Lithographer, upon the
condition (amongst others) that me, the said John Henry Johnson, by an in-
strument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and

page_text: ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for manufacturing paper cop tubes for spinners. In
manufacturing cop tubes according to this Invention, a long strip of paper, of a
width equal to the length of tube to be made, is wound on to a bobbin or other
suitable holder. The free end of this strip is passed along a guiding table and
under a gumming roller, and thence passes between a pair of fluted or plain
feeding rollers, which supply the requisite length at a time to the paper-cutting
and tube-rolling mechanism. This is effected by having a certain portion
of the periphery of one of the feed rollers recessed, so that the two rollers will
not be in contact at that part; the length of that portion which is thus left
raised or projecting is equal to the length of strip necessary to roll into a tube.
The gumming of the paper as it passes along is effected by a suitable gumming
roller, which receives a supply of gum from a suitable reservoir. The paper is
pressed upwards against the under side of the roller by a lever and excentric or
cam, and thus a small portion may be gummed at any desired part of the strip
or length to be afterwards cut off. It is found preferable to gum the two ends
only of such length, as those portions most require adhesive material where
the tube is rolled. The severing of the desired length from the strip is effected
by a suitable shear or blade, working through a transverse slot in the guiding
table, and actuated by a cam and spring. This cutter does not quite sever the
piece, but leaves a small portion at each side unsevered, so that when the
paper is being rolled up into a tube, these unsevered portions will be torn
asunder, and leave a slight jaggedness, which will greatly assist in the effectual
securing of that portion by the adhesive material. Before the cutting action
takes place, tho paper is held firmly on the table by a small holder, which is
brought down on to it for that purpose by a lever and excentric or cam. The
free end of the strip rests upon a hollow or grooved arm, which groove exactly
fits the surface of the mandril. There are six mandrils, carried in a vertical
rotatory spur wheel, and theso mandrils have each a rotatory motion round
their own axes, as well as round the axis of the carrying wheel. They are made

page_text: to rotate, however, round their own axes at the requisite turn only, that is,
when rolling a tube; and this is accomplished by having a small toothed pinion
fitted on to the back of each mandril, such pinions gearing into a toothed
wheel, having vacant spaces left at intervals, so that on arriving at those
spaces without teeth the mandril will cease to rotate round its own axis.
As the mandrils are carried round, they adjust themselves successively into
the trough or groove of the arm before referred to, and press the end of the
strip of paper therein; the grooved arm then turns round over the surface of
the mandril until it arrives at the upper surface thereof; this movement being
effected by the arm rotating round an axis of its own in another part of the
machine. The mandril should commence to rotate immediately before coming
in contact with the paper, so that the paper, being uipped between the surface
of the revolving mandril and the grooved arm, will be rolled loosely thereon in
the form of a tube. As the mandril is carried downwards by the rotation of its
carrying wheel, the paper tube already formed upon it is rubbed against a
leather band, which is kept in a state of tension by a spring and counterweight;
by this means the coiling of the paper is rendered tighter, and the tube is con-
sequently strengthened. On arriving at the opposite side of the machine, the
tube is pushed off the mandril into a suitable receptacle by means of a
detacher, which consists of a piece of metal having an inverted A groove
formed in it, the sides of which groove are roughened. The mandril as it
ascends brings the tube into the groove, and by an advance movement of the
detacher, which is effected by an excentric or cam, the finished tube is pushed
off the mandril.
. And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed particularly to describe the same; and for that purpose I shall refer to
the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the same
letters of referenco indicating corresponding parts throughout all the Figures.
Fig. 1 of the Drawings represents a side elevation of the tube-making
machine complete, and Fig. 2 is a corresponding sectional plan of the same.
The rest of the Figures are details, which I shall herein-after more fully
describo and refer to.
.
The paper A, shewn by a yellow line, which is to be rolled into tubes, comes
from the winders along the guide B, and passes under the pasting roller C,
against which it is pressed by the spring D. The paper then passes along the
guide B, and between the two feeding rollers E and F, whence it is pushed
forwards, and is cut to the required length by the shears G; the front end of
the paper passes beyond the edge of the guide B, and rests upon the trough-
shaped finger H. The mandrils I in their rotatory movement press against

page_text: the paper resting in the hollow part of the finger, and by the pressure thus
produced, assisted by the fluted cylinder K, the paper which presses against
it is rolled, and is carried and rubbed by the mandrils against the stretched
leather band L, & finally on arriving at M, where the detacher N removes it
from the mandril. The paper, having been nipped between the feeding rollers
E and F, advances in the direction of the arrow O cach time the upper feed
roller E is in contact with the lower ono by means of the arc a, b, c, the rest
of the circumference being cut down. This arc a, b, c, is fluted, and its length
when developed is equal to the required length of paper for the tube.
The lower roller may be smooth, but prefer it fluted. It is pressed
upwards by the action of the spring P upon the end of the lever R turning
upon the centre S. When the paper arrives at the feeding rollers E and F,
it is already pasted, which has been effected in the following manner :-The
pasting cylinder C is partly immersed in a paste reservoir T, with which paste
its outer surface becomes covered, the screw apparatus U regulating its flow
according to the amount required.
The lever V, actuated by the roller X, presses the paper upwards against
the pasting roller C, which transfers the paste to the paper at intervals. By
varying the position of the pasting roller and of the small tablo Y, the
paste can be applied at the end of or at any desired portion of the paper
destined to form a tube. The paste may be applied either on the first end, the
last end, or on both ends of the picce of paper, care being taken in this case
to cut the strip of paper in the centre of the part where the paste is applied.
The latter method is preferable, as in this case the extreme ends of the
paper receive the paste, which is most important. The pasting cylinder C
receives an intermittant rotatory motion by means of the ratchet wheel Z and
the pall Z, actuated by an excentric on the axle d, so that the paper, when
pressed against this cylinder, always finds a surface freshly supplied with paste.
The endless band of paper, having been pushed forwards by the feeding
rollers E and F, passes over the slot e, through which works the knife G, ter-
minating in a triangular blade, which cuts the paper in the middle across its
length, without, however, entirely separating the sides. This knife is fixed to
a piece f. actuated by the eccentric y and the spring h. When the part icf
the eccentric passes over the dent k of the piece f, the spring forecs the
piece f to spring quickly up, which, as it carries the knife, operates as above
described. The part 1 of the eccentric g draws down again the piece f and the
knife C.
I
In order that the paper may be held during the operation of cutting, its
front end resting on the hollow finger II, the piece in descends, and holds it

page_text: fast for a moment before the knife acts. This piece receives its motion from
the levers n and the eccentric O, and is released at the right moment, that is,
just before the feeding rollers are made to act by the same eccentric O.
The first end of the paper which leaves the passage rests upon the finger H,
but is still united to the main strip of paper at the sides, as has been herein-
before described. The mandrils in their rotatory movement present themselves
one after the other to the finger H, causing the paper to remain there, and at
the same time to apply itself exactly against the surface of the mandril. The
mandrils turn upon their own axes, and are carried round also by the wheel p,
the diameter of which is shewn in red lines. This double movement, however,
is not sufficient to effect the rolling of the paper. It will be seen, on referring
to Fig. 3, that the paper is applied exactly to the surface of the mandril by the
hollow finger, which surface corresponds exactly with the cavity of the finger.
When the paper and the mandril are in this position, the finger turns round
the mandril (see Fig. 4), following at the same time the movement round the
centro of the wheel p. This double movement is effected in the following
manner:-
At the moment when the mandril is applied to the paper in the hollow of
the finger H, the arm 8, which turns at a uniform speed, at the rato of six
revolutions for one of the wheel carrying the six mandrils, strikes the tail v
on the socket a (Figs. 5 and 6) by the tapet t (Fig. 2), fixed by a nut u; but
as the tail y encounters the obstacle Z, the tail v can only yield to the action of
the tapet't without moving the finger and the apparatus connected with it
along the curved slot 1, 2, 3, 4, from the top to the bottom, thus giving to the
finger a motion something similar to the motion of the mandril; but before
the tapet t has escaped from the tail v, the tooth a' and the surface b, c, in
the arm s turn the pieco d (Fig. 5) on its centre, by gearing with the teeth
a², 6; and as the piece d' is connected to the prolongation of the finger, this
last turns also in this movement; the side f¹ (Figs. 3 and 4) of the finger forces-
the first end of the paper between the mandril and the remaining portion of
the paper, which is applied against the mandril by the action of the fluted
cylinder k, capable of turning on its own axis. The cylinder k is adjusted-upon
the prolongation of the spring g' (Fig. 1) in such a manner that the mandrills
I are obliged to move slightly to the right in order to pass, while at the same
time they are turning and receiving au elastic pressure. I have herein-before
stated that the paper is not entirely severed, but that it is united at the sides.
When, however, the process m is applied, the rolling of the paper tears these
parts asunder, thus having a slight irregularity at the extremities, which-is-of
great importance, as it insures a more secure holding of the parts.

page_text: The rolling having been completed, the mandrils, each furnished with a tube,
continue their rotatory movements, rubbing the tubes against the leather
strap L, which presses them against their mandrils and tightens the roll. This
band L is held at one end by the spring 9', and at the other by the counter-
weight i¹.
mandrills lodge in the angle
The mandrells raise the whole
on the centre 1, but offers a
Finally, in continuing their movement, the
k, l, m, of the tube remover N (Figs. 7 and 9).
of this apparatus, which is capable of turning
slight resistance by its weight and the spring n². The scroll o' then comes into
action upon the roller p', and causes the tube remover N to move forward,
thereby detaching the tube from the mandril, and allowing it to fall into a
receiver. The spiral spring 9' (Fig. 9) immediately returns the tube remover
N to its original position, and the remainder of the apparatus is replaced by
the spring N¹. The scroll o' turns six times round its centre during the time
that the wheel p, which carries the six mandrills, makes one revolution. Tho
driving shaft is furnished with a fixed and loose pully s¹ and t', as well as
with a fly wheel u, by which the speed of the machine can be regulated by
hand. This shaft r is furnished with a collar v. The driving pinion ¹
communicates motion to the wheel p, carrying the six mandrills. A wheel y' is
fixed to the wheel '. The advantage derived from the use of this last wheel z¹
is, that when the tubes are removed from the mandrills, their rotatory motion
upon their own axes is stopped. This is effected by leaving blanks in the
wheel y'; the pinions d² of the mandrils, no longer encountering the teeth of
the wheel y', will no longer turn on their own axes, but a moment before the
rolling of the tubes this movement should recommence, and to effect this the
pinions should again encounter the teeth of this wheel, which have been
interrupted for a part of its circumference. As the wheel Z', which is furnished
with a great number of teeth, is fixed to the wheel y', it is easy to regulate
and to fix by the stop e, which can be forced between two consecutive teeth in
the wheel Z', the position at the commencement of the rotatory movement of
pinions d. The fixed shaft f" carries the three wheels p, y', and . A pinion g'
receives the motion of the wheel p, and carries the different eccentrics herein-
before referred to. h² is an intermediate loose wheel. The wheel P, fixed upon
the central shaft ", carries at its extremity the cecentric o¹, which gives
motion to the tube-remover N. Upon the axis of the upper feed cylinder E
is fixed a pinion l, receiving motion from the intermediate wheel m², driven by
the wheel p. A pinion is placed upon the same axle as the pinion g³, and
communicates motion to the wheel h, which in its turn drives the pinion P,
placed upon the central axle K

page_text: Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of the said Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general construction and arrangement of machinery or apparatus
for making cop tubes, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of feeding the paper into the machine by an
intermittant motion, as herein-before described.
Third, the system or mode of pasting or cementing the paper over a whole
or a portion only of its surface, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the system or mode of sovering the required lengths of paper by
partially tearing them asunder, in place of cutting the paper entirely through.
Fifth, the peculiar system or mode of rolling the paper into tubes, as herein-
before described.
Sixth, the peculiar construction, arrangement, and mode of working the
trough-shaped finger, as herein-before described.
Seventh, the peculiar construction, arrangement, and mode of working the
mandrils, as herein-before described.
Eighth, the peculiar construction and arrangement of mechanism for
disengaging the tubes from the mandrils when completed, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eighth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.B.)