IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING EXHAUST OR WASTE STEAM, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT, to William Black and Thomas Hawthorn, of Gateshead on
Tyne, in the County of Durham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONDENSING EXHAUST OR WASTE STEAM, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS
EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 3rd February 1880, and dated the 30th October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said William Black and Thomas
Hawthorn, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th
October 1879.
"
WILLIAM BLACK and THOMAS HAWTHORN, of Gateshead on Tyne, in the County..
of Durham. IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING EXHAUST OR WASTE STEAM, AND IN
THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Our Invention relates to improvements in atmospheric surface condensers, and in
the application of the same for condensing or partially condensing the exhaust or
waste steam from steam engines or steam boilers, either of the locomotive or
stationary kind. In carrying out our Invention we admit the exhaust or waste
steam into a vessel containing cold or heated water with which the steam becomes
mixed, and we so arrange that the whole inner surface of the vessel, or only that
part of it which is provided for the transmission of the heat to the atmosphere, will
have the mixed condensing water and condensed steam in direct contact with the
surface of the material composing the said vessel, instead of as heretofore allowing
the exhaust steam alone to impinge upon that surface.
We make the vessel of any material and shape, as may be most convenient for
giving the most effective radiating surface. We also provide means for the circula-
tion of the mixed condensing water and condensed steam in the vessel, either
directly by the entering waste or exhaust steam, or by a jet or any other suitable_
contrivance, with the object of causing as much as possible of the mixed condensing
water and condensed steam to be continually changing contact with the whole
radiating surface of the vessel. We are thus enabled to secure more rapid radiation.
of heat from the contents of the vessel to the surrounding atmosphere, and to
use the same condensing water and condensed steam over and over again for a long
time, thus entirely dispensing with the renewing of the condensing water, except to
compensate for any small losses from leakages of steam, or water. The interior
of the vessel may be either open to the atmosphere or be closed, so as to work
under pressure.
The above improved form of condenser, and method of working it, are
specially applicable to steam tramway locomotives of the type constructed
by us.
'
.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Black and Thomas Hawthorn in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th February 1880.
WILLIAM BLACK and THOMAS HAWTHORN, of Gateshead on Tyne, in the County
of Durham. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING EXHAUST OR WASTE STEAM, AND
IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN.”
Our said Invention relates to improvements in atmospheric surface condensers,
and in the application of the same for condensing the exhaust or waste steam from
steam engines or steam boilers, either of the locomotive or stationary kind.
In carrying out our said Invention we admit the exhaust or waste steam into a
vessel containing water with which the steam becomes mixed, and we so arrange
that the whole surface of the vessel exposed to the atmosphere shall have the mixed
condensing water and steam in direct contact with the surface of the material
composing the said vessel, instead of as heretofore allowing the exhaust or waste
steam alone to impinge upon that surface.
We make the vessel of any material and shape as may be convenient for giving
the most effective surface for radiating heat. We also provide means for the
circulation of the mixed condensing water and steam in the vessel, either directly
by the entering waste or exhaust steam, by a jet, or by any other suitable con-
trivance, with the object of causing the mixed condensing water and steam to be
continually changing contact with the whole radiating surface of the vessel. We
sometimes arrange to have the interior of the vessel open to the atmosphere, and
sometimes we prefer to have it closed and working under pressure.
We are enabled by these means to secure very rapid radiation of heat from the
contents of the vessel to the surrounding atmosphere, and which permits us to use
the same water for condensing the steam continuously, thus dispensing with the
renewing of that water, excepting that when working with the vessel open to the
atmosphere it is required to compensate for the small loss caused by escaping
vapour.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood, we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in both the Figures.
Figures 1 and 2, of the accompanying Drawing, are sections taken at right
angles to each other, illustrating an arrangement of condenser in accordance with
our said Invention.
A, A, are two rectangular cisterns connected together, side by side, by means of
a great number of small tubes B, B, B, and by a large pipe C at the bottom; one
end of the pipe C is enlarged, and terminates in a series of 'cones F. The exhaust
or waste steam pipe D enters the enlarged part of the pipe C. E is the waste
vapour pipe, for use when working with the condenser open to the atmosphere.
G is a cock for emptying the condenser. The condenser when in working order is
full of water up to a few inches above the small tubes B, B, B, as shewn, the space
above that being left for variation of water level. The whole outer surface of the
condenser is freely exposed to the atmosphere. The condenser operates in the
following manner:-The condenser being charged with water up to the required
height, the exhaust or waste steam to be condensed is admitted through the pipe D,
and mixing with the water is condensed, and at the same time passing through the
cones. F causes the water to circulate through the whole of the condenser in the
direction denoted by the arrows. The heat of the condensing water acquired from
the exhaust or waste steam is thereby rapidly radiated into the atmosphere
sufficiently to permit the same condensing water being continuously used as before
stated.

page_text: The form and arrangement of the condenser, as illustrated and described, may be
varied to suit our convenience..
Our said Invention is more particularly effective when applied to locomotive
engines on tramways or railways when the current of air produced by the motion
of the locomotive will more effectively keep cool the large surface exposed.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the hereinbefore in
part recited Letters Patent is,-
Condensing exhaust or waste steam in the manner and by the employment
of the apparatus or means substantially as and for the purposes herein before
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Black and Thomas Hawthorn
have to this our Specification set our hands and seals, this Fifth day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
WILLIAM BLACK.
(L.S.)
THOMAS HAWTHORN. (L.S.)

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