IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING FABRICS
Year: 1842

page_text: MORAND'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
MORAND, of Manchester, Merchant, send greeting
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Morand, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Samuel Morand, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Samuel Morand, my exors, admors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
up-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
STRETCHING FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
that I, the said Samuel Morand, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Morand, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had:

page_text: •
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to that class of machinery used for stretching fabrics
wherein two endless chains with points are used, such chains diverging from
each other when stretching a fabric, and then proceed parallel to each other, &
whereby and by means of heat the fabric not only becomes uniformly
stretched, but also set or retained in the stretched state; such descriptions of
machinery and the means. for applying heat to the fabric under process being
fully described in the Specifications of my former Patents, dated respectively
the 14th April 1881, the 12th April 1834, and the 2nd of November 1839.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the description of the present
Invention hereafter given, I have not thought it necessary to shew or describe
the means of applying heat to fabrics when stretching them, my present
improvements not relating to such process, and sufficient information will be
found in my former Specifications for enabling the workman to apply heat i
in conjunction with the Invention constituting the subject of the present
Patent, or he may apply such other means as he may think fit. The
Invention secured by the present Letters Patent relating, first, to improve-
ments in constructing the endless chains and applying stretching points
thereto; secondly, my Invention relates to a mode of cleansing the stretching {
points by applying rotatory. brushes; and, thirdly, my Invention relates to
improvements in the means of causing the fabric as it is introduced into the
machine to be pressed on to the stretching points.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into affect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed,
first remarking that the same letters and, figures of. reference.are used to
indicate similar parts.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
-
Figure 1 represents parts of a side elevation of a machine constructed
according to my Invention, taken at the end where the fabrics to be stretched
are first introduced into the machine, the other end being similar in all
respects, excepting that the rollers used for conducting the fabric up to the
machine aro not necessary, the fabric being progressively lifted off the
that and ea

page_text: under process when in the act of being stretched. Figure 2 is a longitudinal
section of the parts shewn in Figure 1, by which the positions of the parts
will be more readily traned. Figure 3 shews a plan of the parts shewn in
Figure 1; and Figure 4 shews an end view, taken at that part where the
fabric is first introduced into the machine. The other detail Figures shew
various parts separately, and they are marked with the same letters and figures
of reference as in the previous Figures, some of such parts being shewn full
size, in order to their construction being more readily understood. The chains
A, A, are composed of a series of similar links (1), each consisting of a forked
part and a stem, the stem part of one link entering between the forked part of
the next link, and the links (1) are combined together by means of pins (2),
which are each slightly coned at one end, entering into a countersunk hole in
the forked part of each link, such countersunk hole in each link coming
against the inner guiding service, hereafter explained, thus preventing the
pins (2), which connect the links (1), from coming out when the chains are at
work; in this manner are two complete endless chains formed; but it should
be stated that the hole through the stem part of each link is made slightly
conical from each side inwards, meeting at the centre, thereby allowing of the
chain A bending sideways, whereby the chains for a time can move parallel to
each other, then diverge, so as gradually to widen the distance the chains A are
apart, and then they can again proceed parallel, as will be hereafter more fully
described. It will be seen that each of the links of the chains A has a hole
to receive the steel pin (3); this pin is used for securing the apparatus for
carrying the stretching pins to the chain; the pins (3) also support the chains
in their movement, and they act for that purpose as so many wheels or rollers,
and the pins (8) being acted on by wheels, hereafter described, cause the
chains A to move, and owing to the pins (8) being slided outwards when the
stretching pins (they carry) are in action, and stretching the fabric (they have
on them), the pins (3) will better resist the drag or strain of the fabric, and at
the same time, by this arrangement, the stretching pins may take the fabric
close up to the selvages without requiring the metal in which the stretching
pins are set to protrude far under the selvages of the fabric under process.
(4) is the apparatus for carrying the stretching pins, the construction of which,
and the manner in which each part is attached to the chain A by means of
the pins (3), being clearly shewn in the Drawing, the same will not require
further description here. This apparatus (4), in addition to carrying the
stretching pins, also acts as a means of driving certain wheels, hereafter
described, for cleansing the stretching pins, and for forcing the fabric on to the
stretching points, they acting as a chain of cogs or teeth, which take into and

page_text: drive certain cog wheels, for the purposes just mentioned: The plates of
stretching pins are affixed to the apparatus (4) by means of screws, as is
shewn. The endless chains are, as above stated, supported in their movement
by the pins (3), such pins (3) moving on upper and under guides B and C,
which are shewn separately in section at Figures 5 and 6, full si, B being the
upper guide, and C the under guiding surface. In Figure 5, the pins (3), it
will be seen, are slided outwards, and in Figure 6 they protrude equally on
either side of the chain. The section of the two bars being given, as well
as other views thereof being shewn in the Drawings, no further description
will be required. The chains A are supported at each end by plates D, D¹,
and D, D'; these plates, it will be seen, are so arranged as to offer a
curved surface to support the chains, and allow of the pins (3) entering the
recesses of the chain wheels E, E, one such wheel to each chain A being
applied at each end of the machine, and the axis of the wheels E, E, at the
end of the machine, which is not shewn in the Drawings, receives motion from
a steam engine or other power, which giving motion to the chains A, A, at
that end of the machine, the chains A give motion to the parts shewn in the
Drawings. The plates D, D', when fixed together at their lower parts, form
curved guides, corresponding with the lower guides C; but at the upper part,
where the curved guide terminates, there is an inclined plane (6), which forces
the pins (3) outwards, that they may enter the upper guides B, and at the
other end of the chain where the pins (3) leave the upper guides B, the
inclined plane (6) of the plates D, D', are formed to guide the pins (3) into
the recesses of the wheels E at that end of the chain A. The plates D, D¹;
are carried by the screw shafts F, F, which have each a right and left hand
screw formed thereon, by which the two sets of plates D, D¹, at each end of
the machine can be caused to approach or recede to and from each other, in
order to adjust the machine for stretching varied widths of fabrics, as circum-
stances may require, there being screw sockets (7) (8) affixed to the plates
D, D', as is shewn, and it will be seen, that so far as the chains A, A, move
between the end plates D, D¹, they remain parallel to each other, and such is
the case at the other end of the machine, which is not shewn; but in setting
the machine to work, the end of the machine which is shewn in the Drawing is
set to the width of the fabric before it is stretched, but the other end of the
machine is set to the width to which the fabric is to be stretched. The upper
guides B are connected with the end plates D; D', by hinge joints at (9), so
that they can be set at an angle to the sides of the plates D, D¹, by which
arrangement, the fabric to be stretched being progressively introduced into the
machine, it will be moved onwards for a short distance by the rows of stretching

page_text: pins in a parallel position, but having arrived at the points (9), the chains A
will be caused to diverge from each other gradually, as is indicated in the plan
view shewn in the Drawings, and then again the chains A will move parallel
up to the end of the machine. And in order to adjust the guides B to produce
this effect, I introduce one or more hinge joints in each of the guides B, and
apply screw sockets and screw shafts with right and left hand screws, such
hinge joints and screw sockets being shewn at Figures 7, 8, and 9; but the
lower guides C do not require such hinge joints and screw sockets, and they
are simply hinged at their ends to the plates D, D¹, so as to allow of a little
lateral movement horizontally. G, G, are bars which connect the upper and
lower guides B, C, and they also carry the exes of the cleansing, brushes, here-
after explained, at the end of the machine, which is shewn in the Drawings,
but such brushes are not necessary at the other end of the machine. H is
the axis of the chain wheels E, in which is formed a slot, by which the wheels
E can be applied on that shaft, so as to turn with it, and yet allow of the chain
wheels E moving to and from each other with their plates D, D', in order to
adjust the machine for a wider or narrower fabric. The screw shafts and
axes H are carried by means of the side framings I, I, as is shewn in the
Drawings, and such framings are respectively carried by the rollers J, J, on
the upper part of the side framings K, K, of the machine, thus allowing for any
longitudinal expansion of the machine. In order to turn the screw shafts at
either end of the machine to adjust the parts for receiving a wider or narrower
fabric, on one of the screw shafts is affixed the bevilled tooth wheel (10),
which is driven by the bevilled wheel (11) affixed on the upright shaft (12),
which is turned by the hand wheel (13); and on the other end of the screw
shaft is affixed a cog wheel (14), which takes into and drives the intermediate
cog wheel (15), which turns freely on the axis H, the intermediate cog wheel
(15) taking into, drives the cog wheel (16) affixed on the other screw shaft,
thus will the two screw wheels and the plates D, D', be moved to or from
each other simultaneously. The rollers over which the fabric passes in entering
the machine are capable of an endway motion communicated to them in order
to regulate the entrance of the fabric. (17) is an upright axis, moving in
bearings at (18); on this axis is affixed the bevilled toothed wheel (19), which
takes into and drives the cog wheel (20), the axis of which moves in the
bearings (21), and the axis has a screw formed thereon, which works in the
screw socket (22), which is affixed to the upright bars (28), such bars being
placed between two collars (24) on each of the rollers; by this means the
rollers can be moved to or fro by turning the axis (17), whereby the fabric
may be guided correctly in entering the machine,

page_text: I will now describe how the stretching, pins are brushed or cleansed. L, L
are descending bearings, which carry the axes M; M; they also have the necks
or axes N, N, for the brushes O; O, as is shewn;, the axés M, M, each has a
cog wheel P affixed thereon, the teeth. of which: receive the apparatus (4)
between them, by which motion is communicated to them; and consequently
to their axes M, which have each a bevilled toothed. wheel Q affixed thereto,
which takes into the bevilled toothed wheels R affixed to the revolving brushes
0, 0, thus causing the brushes O, O, to revolve in opposite directions, and
cleanse the stretching points. The fabric to be stretched is caused to be forced
on to the stretching pins in one of the following ways:-In the parts of the
Drawings already referred to, as well as in some detached views of parts not
yet mentioned, there is shewn a revolving apparatus for pressing the fabric on
to the stretching pins. R¹ are revolving wheels, having a brush formed on
each of their peripheries; these brushes Rare driven by the parts (4) of
the chains A coming between the teeth of the wheels S, S, affixed to the
wheels R', the wheels R', S, being joined together and affixed to the same
axis, and such axis is carried by the sliding frame T, which slides on the
uprights V; the weight of the wheels pressing on the fabric forces the fabric
on to the stretching points, the sliding frame T moving up and down with the
wheels R, S, to accommodate them to the movement of the chain. There
are two of the wheels R' and S to each chain A; or, in place of having the
wheels R' with a smooth brush on each of their peripheries, they may have
holes formed in them to correspond with the stretching pins, as is shewn in
Figures 10 and 11; or, in place of having the rotatory apparatus for the pur-
pose of forcing the fabric on to the stretching points, I can employ the mode
shewn at Figures 12, 18, and 14. On the nave of the wheel E is affixed the
ratchet. wheel U, one to each chain A, which, revolving with that wheel E,
gives motion to the lever W, such lever W by means of the connecting rod
giving motion to the pressing surface X, which slides up and down, guided by
the uprights Y, as is shewn, the pressing surface being covered with a smooth
closely-formed brush, as is shewn; thus, by an up and down motion given to
the surface X is the fabric pressed on to the stretching points, the brush
of the surface X allowing of movement of the stretching points without
injury.
Having thus described the nature of my improvements, I would remark
that I do not claim any of the separate parts of which those improvements
are composed, nor do I confine myself to the precise details, provided the
peculiar character of either part of my Invention be retained; and although I
have shewn and described parts of the machinery which are similar to what

page_text: (L.B.) SAMUEL M
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1842, the aforesaid Samuel Morand came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-two.