matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING-OFF AND DELIVERING THE SHEETS WHEN PRINTED, AND WHICH SAID APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO PRINTING MACHINES NOW IN USE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Sharp at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1861.
I, STEPHEN SHARP, Engineer, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRINTING MACHINES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING-OFF AND DELIVERING THE
SHEETS WHEN PRINTED, AND WHICH SAID APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO PRINTING
MACHINES NOW IN USE," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My improvements apply to printing machines where rapidity of action or
despatch is required, and consist in what 1 term "a fast machine," constructed
of a number of small cylinders deriving their motion from a large cylinder,
each small cylinder having its own laying-on board, so that the process is con-
tinuous, namely, that of laying on the paper, and its accompanying roller
taking it around over the form, and delivering it; and I purpose increasing
my number of small cylinders according to the amount of work required to be
printed.
Secondly, my improvements consist (also in connection with a flat form)
of printing either on one or both sides of a continuous roll of paper,
that as it is unrolled it is passed under a cylinder and over a form, and
taken
away by being passed between rollers, and cut off into lengths as
required according to the size of form; but when the said continuous roll of
paper is required to be printed on both sides, it is brought back through a

page_text: pair of rolls, and again passed under a roll and over the second form, and
delivered, as before stated, by being drawn out between rolls to be cut off.
Thirdly, my improvements refer to inking apparatus for printing machines,
and consists in a self-acting screw, which gives to the roller a lateral as well
as a revolving motion, by which means the ink is more uniformly distributed
over its surface from inking the form.
And, lastly, my improvements relate to a particular construction of taking-
off apparatus applicable to machines now in use, as well as to my improved
machines before described, and consists of flat or circular brushes working
with or without tapes around the cylinder to take and pass the sheets between
rollers and tapes or cords, which tapes or cords carry the sheets to any con-
venient part of the machine, or to any convenient place or position in or
about such machines, and deliver the sheets with the printed side upwards, or
otherwise, as desired. The method I prefer adopting in a general way will
be to deliver the sheet the printing side upwards within sight of the layer-on,
thus requiring only one person to work or manage. a. machine. The sheet is
delivered out of the tapes by means of intermittent striking bars or whips
deriving their motion by cams or other suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1861. A communication from abroad by Edward Delcambre, of
Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS
AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," a communication to me from abroad by Edward
Delcambre, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of employing gutta percha rolled into fine sheets or
strips in the manufacture of artificial flowers, leaves, plants, fruit, and similar
articles, the durability of which is very great. For the stalks or stems wire
covered with gutta percha is used, so as to be easily combined with the body
of the leaf or plant having the appearance of an uninterrupted body or
solution not leaving any trace or mark of junction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cedric Rivett, John Vickers,
and Samuel Hayes, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th August 1861.
We, JOSEPH CEDRIC RIVETT, Cotton Spinner, JOHN VICKERS, Manager, and
SAMUEL HAYES, Overlooker, all of the Prestole New Mills, Farnworth, near
the City of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in applying to the flyers or spindles of
spinning and doubling machines a peculiarly-shaped boss or head, furnished
with one or more diagonal slots, which are enlarged or otherwise shaped within
the boss or head to allow the yarn or thread to pass with ease to the leg of
the flyer, by which it is wound on the bobbin in the usual manner. By means
of these improvements the guides between the rollers and the flyers are dis-
pensed with.
Another part of our Invention consists in substituting cork for the usual
flannel or cloth washers or strips, which are placed between the bottom of the
bobbins and the bolster rail for giving the requisite drag or friction to the
bobbins.
AN IMPROVED HORSE RAKE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Waller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1861.
I, HENRY WALLER, of Lickhill, near Calne, in the County of Wilts, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HORSE
RAKE," to be as follows:-
The principal novelty in this Invention consists in mounting the teeth or
tines upon a detached bar placed behind the axle (the axle running through
from wheel to wheel), so that the tines are thrown further back, and the
weeds, hay, or other materials collected thereby are not so liable to entangle-
ment with the wheels as when the tines are mounted in the usual manner.
The tines are raised from the ground when required by means of a cranked
lever with the handle projecting forwards, so that only one person is necessary
to attend to the same and lead the horse. When it is desired to keep the
tines raised altogether, the handle may be depressed and fixed in that position
by means of a pin or screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward Boyd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1861.
I, JAMES EDWARD BOYD, of Hither Green, Lewisham, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER FOR SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object I have in view is to supersede partly or in whole the labour
attendant upon using the treadle or turning a crank, now generally necessary
to set in motion or operation these machines, and this I claim to accomplish
by other motive-power, as follows:-
I claim to attach to or connect with all sewing machines a self-acting
apparatus set in motion by means of clockwork or other self-acting mechanical
motive-power, the motion to be obtained, imparted, or maintained by springs,
levers, weights, or otherwise, so that upon connecting the crank or some other
portion of any sewing machine or machines, whatever their construction or
manufacture, and setting the self-acting machinery in motion, it will impart
the necessary movement to any one, or any combination of machines, and
continue working it or them at the pleasure of the party using the same.. The
apparatus will be provided with machinery for winding or otherwise keeping
up the motion and for regulating the speed, and for arresting the working of
the sewing machine or machines where necessary, and can be so arranged and
constructed as to be capable of working singly, or several machines in unison

page_text: or combination, and can be used in conjunction with the present arrangement
for working sewing machines if necessary.
I also claim the right to silence the motion in this and all sewing machines,
whatever their construction or working motion; this I accomplish by apply-
ing to any or all the noisy parts of the machine, insulators, or paddings of
india-rubber, or any other non-sonorous material.
I claim the right of applying self-acting or other motive-power machinery
to all sewing machines, whatever their make or construction, more detailed
particulars of which I will furnish in my Final Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDREN'S NURSERY CHAIRS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN COMBINATION WITH THE SAME
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Bartholf at the
Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
June 1861. A communication from abroad by George Boss Hartson, of
New York, in the United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY BARTHOLF, of New Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDREN'S NURSERY CHAIRS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN
COMBINATION WITH THE SAME," a communication to me from abroad by George
Boss Hartson, of New York, in the United States of America, to be as
follows:-
Children's nursery chairs made according to this Invention consist of a
framing with four upright posts or standards supporting a cover or table,.
round the sides of which are arranged hanging curtains, the whole forming an.
ornamental canopy.
The said chair is fitted with low sides, its back is hinged and adjustable, and
can be set to any angle or lowered to a horizontal position, and it is fitted in
front with a foot board, which is also adjustable. The seat, back, and sides
of the said chair are stuffed in the ordinary manner.
By using the following apparatus in combination with the said chair, the
same may be conveniently used as a baby jumper. It consists of a circular-
shaped base on castors, to the side of which is fitted an upright post or standard
for supporting the fulcrum of an oscillating lever, the end of which over-
hanging the base of the said apparatus is to support the said chair hanging in

page_text: suspension. The said lever is held in a horizontal position, and the weight
thereon is counterbalanced by means of a tension spring connected at one end
to a bar projecting from the base of the apparatus, and at the other end to a
strap hanging from the said lever. From the outer or unloaded end of the
said lever hangs a cord connected to a foot pedal, by means of which the
attendant can keep the apparatus in action.
Another part of this Invention consists of a low-sided carriage made of a
shape to contain the said chair, which can be set therein and held by straps or
otherwise, so as to form in combination with the said carriage a child's
perambulator suitable for outdoor use.
The said chair is provided with a moveable play table, and with the figure
of a horse's head for attaching in front of the chair.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING CYLINDER IRONS OR HEATERS TO BE USED FOR PRESSING THE SEAMS OF GARMENTS, FINISHING OF HATS, OR OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH HEATED IRONS ARE ORDINARILY USED, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir John Hare and Barnabas Russ
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on.
the 17th July 1861.
We, Sir JOHN HARE, (Knight) of Hardelot Castle, Pas de Calais, in the
Empire of France, and BARNABAS Russ, of Russ Buildings, Frogmore Street,
Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HEATING CYLINDER IRONS OR HEATERS TO BE USED FOR PRESSING THE SEAMS OF
GARMENTS, FINISHING OF HATS, OR OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH HEATED IRONS ARE
ORDINARILY USED, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the heating of irons of a cylindrical form by gas
in such a manner that no escape or waste of the gas can possibly take place,
at the same time heating the irons without the necessity of cleansing them
before being used. We propose employing a metal chamber of suitable form,
through the end of which the gas pipe passes; the iron which is made hollow
or cylindrical passes in at the end of the chamber through a hinged door
or flap, which door is closed when the iron is in its place, the gas is now
turned on by a tap close to the chamber until the iron is sufficiently hot,.
when by withdrawing it through the door or flap a lever is caused to fall
by the door coming in contact with it, which turns the gas almost out, leaving
but a very small flame until the iron is returned to the chamber, when the
gas is again turned on full, passing through a sheet of wire gauze so as to

page_text: prevent any smoke or soot getting to the iron, all smoke being consumed in
a chimney at the further end of the chamber; thus several of these apparatus
may be placed by the side of each other, and the pipes so arranged that the
gas may be turned from one to another as desired.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING THE HOP PLANT TO OBTAIN A MATERIAL RESEMBLING WOOL
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd August 1861.-A communication from abroad by Barthélemy
Picard, of Nancy, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING THE HOP PLANT TO OBTAIN A MATERIAL
RESEMBLING WOOL," (communicated to me from abroad by Barthélemy Picard,
of Nancy, France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce from the hop plant a vegetable
wool, or a material resembling wool. To accomplish this the plants are
dried, put in trusses, and laid in sheds or barns, which must be dry and well
ventilated. The plants are then sorted (for the branches and different parts
produce different qualities of wool), and are passed through a crushing machine
to break them up, and to crush the knots, which are somewhat harder than
the stalks, and contain a resinous gum more tenacious than that in the inter-
mediate parts. The crushed plants are next submitted to the action of stamps
or hammers, which beat out the resinous or gummy matter.
The vegetable wool, with the waste still adhering to it, is submitted to the
action of beaters, which free it from all foreign matters, and prepare it to be
combed and carded previous to being spun, or otherwise used in the arts and
manufactures; or, it may be used without being combed or carded.
Among other uses, it forms a valuable material for the manufacture of pulp
for paper and other purposes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FORMING OR SHAPING THE TOPS OR UPPER PARTS OF BOOTS FROM WOOLLEN OR MIXED FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Curtis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1861.
I, FREDERICK CURTIS, of Bilston, in the County of Stafford, Shoe Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FORMING OR SHAPING THE TOPS OR UPPER PARTS OF BOOTS FROM WOOLLEN
OR MIXED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the shaping of the tops or upper parts of certain
boots. The said tops or uppers consist mainly of two pieces, back and front,
which said two pieces are cut to a pattern for each; one of the pieces is then
folded down the middle, damped, and placed upon a flat block, a hot smoothing
iron is then drawn and pressed from the edges of the fabric to the fold whilst
the material is pulled into form; the damping, pulling, and ironing is repeated,
the iron being worked from the plain parts gradually towards and over the
creases until they are removed; during the process the piece should be turned
over several times, and each side operated upon alternately. The front and
back being formed, they are fastened at the waist by two short seams about
three-quarters of an inch each, and form (with the lining and elastic) a boot
top, seamless both back and front, and of a superior fit and appearance. The
materials for forming the said tops or uppers are woollen cloth, or doeskin,
kerseymere, cashmere, and union, or mixed cloth, being a combination of
wool and cotton.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR BOXES AND CASES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Foveaux Weiss at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1861.
I, FREDERIC FOVEAUX WEISS, of the Strand, Surgical Instrument Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
FASTENING FOR BOXES AND CASES," to be as follows:-
My improved fastening applies to all cases and boxes having lids or covers.
It consists of one or more under-cut studs fixed to the lid, with button slots
fixed to the, case, or the studs may be fixed to the case, and the slots to the
lid; and of one or more sliding hinges applied to the case and lid. The hinges.
may be made without stops, so that the lid may be entirely removed from the
case, or they may be made with stops, when the lid, will turn upon them as
upon ordinary hinges.
Among other applications, this fastening will be particularly suitable for
the razor cases I have invented, in which four razors answer instead of the
seven generally sold, one for each day in the week, for I mark three with two
different days, and one with one day only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS FASTENINGS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER FASTENING PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hannah Emes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 26th March
1861.
I, HANNAH EMES, of St. John's Villas, Adelaide Road, Hampstead, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS FASTENINGS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
FASTENING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to fastenings adapted to take the place of hooks and
eyes as ordinarily made, and of buttons, inasmuch as although I use buttons
therewith, they are not actually for fastening by buttoning as usual.
According to my Invention I use buttons having shanks 'as in ordinary.
These shanks I pass through holes in the part of the dress to be fastened, and
secure them thereto by a cord run through the eyes of the shanks very much
in the ordinary way. Instead of buttoning this part of the dress to the other
as usual, I hook it thereto by means of hooks sewn or otherwise fixed to the
other part of the dress, which hooks I hook into the eyes of the several
button shanks, therefore the part of the dress having the buttons attached is
lapped on the part having the hooks, being the reverse of the manner of
fastening by buttons & button holes. These hooks I make somewhat of a
circular form suitable for hooking into the button shanks; such hooks having
each a stem & loop or part for sewing to the dress, the hook being pushed
through the edge of the garment, & the other part sewn underneath. This

page_text: part is somewhat of a T-form, so that it shall keep in position and afford a
ready means of taking hold to effect the hooking. The button may be other-
wise fastened to the dress, provided there is an hook or eye wherewith to offer
the hold for the opposite hook. The button, it will be observed, being prin-
cipally for ornament, may be of any design; they also afford a hold in fastening
the parts together. I also make buttons with hooks to the shanks in addition
to the eye. Such hook parts, being somewhat of the form of an ordinary dress
hook. These hooked buttons are inserted and fastened to one edge of the
garment as before, and the hooks inserted into the opposite edge of the
garment into suitable eyes formed therein, or in eyes sewn to it.
IMPROVED FEET FOR LEVELING CLOCKS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ponsonby Arthur Moore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd January 1861.
I, PONSONBY ARTHUR MOORE, of Penge, in the County of Surrey, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED FEET
FOR LEVELING CLOCKS AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is intended to facilitate the leveling of clocks and other
articles that require to be very accurately adjusted, for which purpose I insert
a screw in the feet on which such articles usually stand. The heads of the
said screws are let into the bottom of the case or stand at the corners, and the
said feet are free to turn on the said screws, so that by simply turning the
same with the finger and thumb the clock case or stand can be at once
elevated or depressed at each of the corners, and the clock adjusted to a true
level.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING, CALLED SLUBBING FRAMES AND ROVING FRAMES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wild at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1861.
I, WILLIAM WILD, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING, CALLED SLUBBING FRAMES AND
ROVING FRAMES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that portion of slubbing and roving frames known
as the spindle and flyer, and is designed for the purpose of steadying the
spindle during its rapid rotation. The Invention consists in the novel use of
a long tube or "bush" extending upwards from a rail beneath the "copping
rail" to that part of the spindle close beneath the "flyer;" the spindle passing
through the tube is thereby steadied. Secondly, the bobbin is furnished with
an interior tube or "bush," and instead of revolving upon the spindle, it
revolves upon the long exterior tube or steadying bush of the spindle. The
improvements consists in the use of this peculiar elongated form of bush in
contradistinction to any of a shorter description which do not afford support
to the spindle closely beneath the flyer, such being a material advantage.
AN IMPROVED GREASE FOR LUBRICATING FRICTIONAL SURFACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gregory Bird at the Office of
the Commissioners' of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1861.
I, GREGORY BIRD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare. the nature of the said Invention
of "AN IMPROVED GREASE FOR LUBRICATING FRICTIONAL SURFACES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for object the production of an improved grease for
lubricating purposes in a novel "and economical manner,' and it consists in
taking tar oil, or oil such as is obtained in the process of distilling tar, and
first removing from it the more volatile parts by distillation. The beavy oil
thus obtained may be used for lubricating, or there may be mixed with it a
quantity of gelatinous matter, such as size, for the purpose of giving a body,
and for a similar purpose cream of lime may also be used.
According to another modification, an alkali, such as soda, is substituted for
the gelatinous ingredient, or both these ingredients may be included in the
compound. The compound thus obtained is in itself well suited for lubricating
frictional surfaces when a very fine lubricant is not required, and in some cases
it may be modified and improved by the admixture therewith in equal
quantities or other proportions of other known lubricating materials.. The
essential features, however, of the Invention being the obtaining of the heavy
oil, and the imparting of a greasy consistency thereto by adding a gelatinous
or alkaline substance.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PLATES FOR THE TABLE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1861.-A communication from abroad by Victor Antoine
Marcelin, of Paris, France."
J, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PLATES FOR THE TABLE," (communicated to me from
abroad by Victor Antoine Marcelin, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
Hitherto plates for the table have been formed with one single compartment,
without any means of separating the various eatables.
Now this Invention consists in making the plates with partitions, forming
two or more separate compartments in each plate, whereby the sauces, for
instance, may be kept from the vegetables, and these, again, from the meat.
For easy piling, parts are cut away from the ring on the bottom of the plate,
which allows of the partition on the plate entering the space left in the ring of
the next plate piled over it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR RETARDING AND STOPPING RAILWAY ENGINES AND CARRIAGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Walduck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st August 1861.
I, HERBERT JOHN WALDUCK, of the City of Manchester, Metal Broker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR RETARDING AND STOPPING RAILWAY ENGINES AND
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in applying the break or the power by
which the momentum of the railway engine and carriages is to be overcome
to a distinct intermediate rail or plate placed between the ordinary rails of the
railway. This intermediate rail or plate may be connected to the side rails
by cross sleepers or otherwise, or it may be fixed independently of them. The
object of applying the breaking power to a separate rail or plate is to relieve
the rails on which the wheels run of the wear and tear caused by applying skid
breaks on the rails, or by breaking the wheels.
The breaks may be applied on to the top of the intermediate rail, or the
rail may be made with a groove or channel, into which an expanding or other
block fits, this block being connected to the engine or carriages. When the
engines and carriages are to be retarded or stopped, the block is acted upon
by wedges, screws, or other equivalents put into operation by hand or power.

page_text: The connection between the break rail or plate and the ordinary rails is
effected by broad tie beams, the flanges of which answer the purpose of
chairs or fish plates for the side rails, thereby strengthening the permanent
way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Demerit Bishop at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
October 1861.
I, ALBERT DEMERIT BISHOP, of 13, King Street, Cheapside, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in diminishing the power requisite for pumping
liquids, which I propose to do by means of a vacuum chamber; and also in
filtering or purifying the liquid raised; and also in a method of separating the
sediment from the liquid previous to its entering the pump, which improve-
ments can be worked separately or together. I place a vacuum chamber of
any convenient shape or size and at any convenient place, and into that vacuum
chamber I pass a pipe which leads down into the well. I also either place a
pipe down into the vacuum chamber or lead a pipe from the chamber to the
pump, and with the pump I remove the liquid from the vacuum chamber,
thereby producing a vacuum in the chamber, which causes the liquid to rise
from the well into the vacuum chamber; and in order to filter the liquid I
form a separate compartment in the vacuum chamber, and from that chamber
I pass the liquid through the pump, having been filtered through the compart-
ment in the vacuum chamber; and I pass the mud or sediment down into a
receiver below the vacuum chamber, and by means of cocks or valves I
discharge the mud or sediment from the mud vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING AND ATTACHING ARMOUR PLATES WHEN APPLIED TO SHIPS, FORTS, BATTERIES, AND SUCH LIKE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Cox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1861.
I, NATHANIEL Cox, of the City of Chester, Iron Ship Builder, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF
CONNECTING AND ATTACHING ARMOUR PLATES WHEN APPLIED TO SHIPS, FORTS,
BATTERIES, AND SUCH LIKE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Instead of bolting the armour plates directly to the side of the vessel, I
fasten T or angularly shaped pieces to the sides, skin, or sheathing, in a vertical
position by means of flanges in the usual manner; in the armour plates I
cut corresponding grooves coinciding in outline with the T or angularly shaped
pieces before mentioned, and then slip or slide the plates on to them. I also
rabbet or groove the sides, or tops, or bottoms of the plates, if required, to
give greater firmness and stability to the whole. By this means I avoid the
holes which weaken the sheathing and plates, and facilitate the changing or
removal of the plates when damaged.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BEARINGS AND OTHER RUBBING SURFACES OF MACHINERY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Louis Jullion at the Office,
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1861. A communication from abroad by S. M. Saunders, of New
York.
ง
I, JOHN LOUIS JULLION, of Tynemouth, in the County of Northumberland,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BEARINGS AND OTHER RUBBING SURFACES OF
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of the bearings and other
rubbing surfaces of machinery consists in constructing these rubbing surfaces
of a composition made from a mixture of paper pulp or reduced vegetable
fibre, sulphate of lime, silicate of magnesia or steatite, fuller's earth, and other
earthy matters of a soft and unctuous nature, to which is added pulverized
plumbago. These substances, or some of them, are intimately mixed together
in suitable proportions, and the bearing box or block, which is to be provided
with the antifriction compound, is lined therewith in such a manner that the
composition above described may form the rubbing or wearing surface.
AN IM- PROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING METAL AND WOOD TO PRESERVE THEM FROM DECAY, APPLICABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COPPER AND OTHER SHEATHING, OR OTHER COM- POSITIONS NOW IN USE FOR COATING SHIPS' BOTTOMS TO PROTECT THEM FROM THE INJURIOUS ACTION OF WATER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Davis at the Office of
Petition, on the 5th December
the Commissioners. of Patents, with his
1861.
F
I, CHARLES DAVIS, of Bancroft Place, Mile End, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING METAL AND WOOD TO PRESERVE THEM FROM DECAY,
APPLICABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COPPER AND OTHER SHEATHING, OR OTHER COM-
POSITIONS NOW IN USE FOR COATING SHIPS' BOTTOMS TO PROTECT THEM FROM THE
INJURIOUS ACTION OF WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making an improved composition by mixing or
compounding together the following ingredients, matters, or substances, namely,
coarse brown soap, pitch, spirits of turpentine, and elastic glue, such as is now
used for waterproofing materials, in the proportions of about one quarter of a
pound of soap to six pounds of pitch, one pint of spirits of turpentine, and one
quarter of a pound of elastic glue aforesaid. These ingredients I place in a
suitable vessel, and subject them to heat sufficient to dissolve them, stirring
them together so as to thoroughly mix and incorporate them; and whilst hot
I apply same with a trowel to the part intended to be coated or covered
therewith; the composition setting when cold, and hardening when immersed
in water, 'consequently well adapted for lining metal tanks, and coating same
outside; as also other vessels employed to hold liquids, and especially adapted
for coating ships' bottoms and other navigable vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Richardson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1861.
I, THOMAS RICHARDSON, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in reducing the impure oxide of iron, which is
a waste product, when sulphur ores are used for the manufacture of sulphuric
acid by means of hydrogen, carbonic oxide, or other deoxidizing gases, and in
employing the resulting material in purifying coal gas. Or, in exposing the
above material so obtained, moistened with water, or with water containing
small quantities of muriatic or sulphuric acid, and in employing the resulting
material in purifying coal gas. Or, in mixing any of the above materials with
slaked lime, ground gypsum, or rough Epsoms, with or without sawdust or
other porous materials, and in the employment of such materials in purifying
coal gas. Or, in mixing the impure waste oxide of iron or the material
obtained by its reduction, as above explained, with sawdust or other porous
substances saturated with a solution of muriate of manganese, iron, lime,
or magnesia, and in employing such mixtures in purifying coal gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING FABRICS DURING THE PROCESSES OF FINISHING FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lunn, George Hiley, and
John Lisle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th April 1861.
We, JOHN LUNN and GEORGE HILEY, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Cloth Finishers, and JOHN LISLE, of the same Place, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING FABRICS DURING THE PROCESSES OF FINISHING
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying to the raising gig, cutting, brushing, or
other finishing machine a roller, the surface of which is spirally grooved,
forming spiral projections in opposite directions from the middle, or formed
like a screw with right and left hand threads, which diverge each way from
the middle thereof. The fabrics to be finished are drawn over this roller,
and motion is given to it in a contrary direction to the travel of the fabrics,
whereby the spiral projections or screw threads operate upon the fabrics to
spread them out, or stretch them during their passage. Such rollers may be
made of wood, metal, or other suitable material, and of any desirable size or
diameter and pitch of thread, or of a variable pitch.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT APPLICABLE TO TIMEKEEPERS FOR PRESENTING TO VIEW NUMERALS TO INDICATE TIME
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Dowling at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1861.
I, JOHN THOMAS DOWLING, of No. 21, Frampton Park Road, Hackney, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT APPLICABLE TO TIMEKEEPERS FOR PRESENTING TO
VIEW NUMERALS TO INDICATE TIME," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a case in which are arranged or disposed a series
of short rollers placed loosely on an axis placed parallel to the face of a time-
keeper; said rollers have a series of numerals on their peripheries denoting
hours, minutes, and seconds, an opening being formed in the case to expose
to view one horizontal row or line of numerals; the aforesaid rollers have
teeth formed on their edges corresponding with the numerals thereon. The
said rollers are propelled by the intermittent motion of clicks arranged one to
each roller, and operating in such a manner as that when the series of numerals
on the first or "seconds" roller has completed one entire revolution, a notch
or recess on its opposite edge allows the click of the next and adjoining roller
to fall down and thus to act on one tooth of the second or "minutes" roller,
and so on throughout the series of rollers, or the rollers may be placed on
separate axes, or at any angle to the face of the timekeeper, and the minutes
marked on the sides of the rollers or discs of metal or glass, or plates of metal
moved similarly to either of the ways before mentioned may be employed, or

page_text: the seconds may be represented by numerals fixed in any suitable way to the
'scape wheel of the timekeeper. The minutes and hours to be represented as
before described. In all cases it is the outer face of the timekeeper that
conceals all the numerals except those which are required to show the time,
namely, the hour and parts of an hour at one view and in one line.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sylvanus Padley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1861.
I, SYLVANUS PADLEY, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PADDLE WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel mode of forming, mounting, and giving
direction to the floats of paddle wheels during their rotation, so that the angles
of entry, passage, and exit may be readily regulated and changed so as to
ensure the most economical application of the motive power to the varying con-
ditions of the ship.
Instead of securely bolting or immovably attaching the floats of paddle
wheel propellers to the extremity of arms radiating from the paddle-wheel
shaft or axis, or to the rims of paddle wheels, and instead of that construction
of propeller known as the "Morgan" wheel, or other description of reefing or
feathering paddle wheel ordinarily employed, I proceed as follows:-The
floats are disposed in any suitable manner independently around and between
the concentric rims of the paddle wheels, which are keyed fast, on the paddle
shaft in the usual manner. Each float has an axis, or shaft which passes
through and is free to vibrate in the rims of the wheels; the axis of each of
the floats is on-the exterior face of the inner rim of the wheels, formed as a

page_text: crank, or has a half crank fixed thereon, the pin of which is received by and
rotates in a corresponding hole or bush formed in the rim or periphery of a
disc placed parallel with the wheels, but eccentric to the axis thereof, and
capable of adjustment thereon, which eccentric movement is employed in
causing the floats to enter and leave the water without the complication of
mechanism involved in the various contrivances at present in use for producing
the reefing or feathering motion in floats which have not a vibratory action,
such as is due to their being mounted upon a horizontal shaft or axis according
to my present Invention.
Although I prefer that the axle or shaft by which each float is mounted or
supported freely in its bearings shall be in the centre of the depth of such float,
yet such shaft or axis may be more or less out of the centre..
I prefer that the floats should be constructed of iron or steel of only
sufficient thickness to resist the maximum shock of contact with the water,
and that by taper ribs projecting from the back of the axis, or extending
vertically behind each float, the necessary amount of rigidity may be given to
the thin plates, and at the same time such ribs from their taper form offering
the, minimum resistance on their entering and leaving the water.
IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION ON RAILWAYS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crozier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1861.
I, WILLIAM CROZIER, of Findon Cottage, in the Parish of Witton Gilbert,
in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION ON RAILWAYS FOR THE PREVENTION
OF ACCIDENTS," to be as follows:-
Each locomotive engine, station, guard's van, signalman's house, and other
carriages and places is or may be provided with an insulated electric battery
or batteries, with such bells, wires, dials, and other appliances as may be found
necessary for transmitting and communicating signals. A communication or
connexion, travelling or stationary, is made to either or any of the lines of rails
or existing telegraph wires, or wires, rods, bars, or other electric conductors,
continuous or broken, to be laid for the purpose alongside, near, or over any
line of rails.
By those means an electrical communication is made between one engine
and another, or between engine driver and signalman, station master, or other
person having charge of any fixed or travelling battery or signal, or between
the engine driver and guard of the same or any other train.
Signals will be communicated from any of the above-named persons or
places to any other by means of bells, dials, or other contrivances, which
will be hereafter fully described in the Complete Specification of the said
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL, AND IN THE HARDENING OF METALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd September
1861. A communication from abroad by Joseph Théophile Luce
Rousselot, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, of 31, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL, AND IN THE HARDENING OF
METALS," & that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Joseph
Théophile Luce Rousselot, of Paris, in the Empire of France," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of improvements in the manufacture of cast steel,
which improvements are also applicable to hardening other metals. The mode
of proceeding is as follows:-The iron to be converted into steel is immersed
in a solution composed of thirty parts of boric acid in crystals to one thou-
sand parts of water at a temperature of 10° centigrade, the iron is allowed to
remain a sufficient time for the liquid to completely penetrate the oxide of
iron, it is then removed wet from the bath, and at once placed in a crucible
or furnace for melting, it is covered as usual with slack or with a plug; a
slight layer of damped coal dust can also be placed first on the iron; heat is
applied as usual.
In my process I make use of the ordinary furnaces or forges, according to
the quantity of iron to be operated on, and the crucibles are also those
generally employed; they are closed or covered more or less, according to

page_text: the rapidity with which it is desired to effect the fusion; the amount of heat
to which the iron is subjected must be beyond that of the melting point of
iron, but less than the melting point of steel. The steel thus obtained neither
requires rebaking or refining, and is applicable to a variety of uses, and often
does not require tempering to receive an edge, which it retains longer than
other steel. The steel can be cast into bars, care being taken to keep it
at a dull red heat before red heat, after which it can be worked or refined in
the ordinary manner.
Instead of employing the solution herein-before described, like results may
be obtained by casting the iron with borate of soda in the following propor-
tions, 0,008 parts of borate of soda to 1000 parts of iron, which, when placed
in the crucible, must be covered with damp coal; or instead of the borate of
soda a smaller quantity of borium can be employed. Other metals are treated
in a similar manner, more or less borium being employed according to their
nature and quality. The proportions above mentioned must vary according
to the quality of the metal. Instead of borium, borate of soda, or boric
acid, the various compounds of borium can be used, as also its chemical
equivalents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING GAS PRODUCED BY BLAST FURNACES IN ITS PASSAGE PROM THE BLAST FURNACES TO OTHER FURNACES, STOVES, BOILERS, OR OTHER HEATING APPARATUS WHERE GAS MAY BE EMPLOYED
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Vaughan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1861.
I, JOHN VAUGHAN, of Middlesbrough, in the County of York, Ironmaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING GAS PRODUCED BY BLAST FURNACES IN ITS PASSAGE PROM THE BLAST
FURNACES TO OTHER FURNACES, STOVES, BOILERS, OR OTHER HEATING APPARATUS
WHERE GAS MAY BE EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
The principal feature in this Invention consists in the employment of a jet
or jets of steam in connection with a regular supply of water.
I propose
that jets of steam shall be so situated as to increase the draft and accelerate
the passage of the gas through tubes conveying it, thereby relieving the furnace
to a considerable extent from forcing the gas into the purifier. When the
gas comes under the action of the jets of steam, the coarser particles of the
dust and other matter with which the gas is mechanically mixed are propelled
under water; the gas also is forced under water partly, but immediately rises,
and leaves all impurities behind. The water is to be constantly kept in
circulation through a reservoir which receives the deposit from the gas,
and carries it away. The water contained in this reservoir also condenses the
steam from the jets, and prevents it from rising with the purified gas.
In order to completely condense the steam from the jet or jets before the
purified gas reaches its ultimate destination, the gas is caused to pass through a

page_text: stratum of coke, open brickwork, or other porous material, through which a
stream of cold water is constantly kept running; this stream of water also
supplies the reservoir, and if it is desired to purify the gas still further, this
stream may hold in solution lime or other purifying materials. The steam, in
condensing, carries off all the finer particles of dust from the gas as well as
other deleterious matter blown with it from the furnace.