matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COVERING TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brooks, Adam Brooks,
Thomas Bestwick, and William Bestwick at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th February
1870.
We, HENRY BROOKS and ADAM BROOKS, Machine Makers, and
THOMAS BESTWICK and WILLIAM BESTWICK, Small Ware Manufacturers,
all of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COVERING
TELEGRAPH WIRES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to cover telegraph wires with one or
more layers of hemp or other strands, and to coat the same with tar
or other substance.
In performing our Invention the wire is taken between one or more
pairs of feeding rollers, which deliver it to a hollow spindle mounted in
a headstock; to this spindle is fixed a face plate containing any
convenient number of bobbins, on which the hemp or other strands are
wound as the spindle rotates. The strands are wound spirally over the
wire, which is then taken through a vessel containing tar or other

page_text: substance to saturate the strands wound on the wire; the wire is then
taken through another hollow spindle similar to the one above described,
but revolving in the contrary direction, to lay the strands in the opposite
direction; the wire is then taken through another vessel containing tar
or other substance to saturate the second covering of strands. Other 5
spindles and vessels may be used to lay any convenient number of
coverings in succession over the wire, and in some cases metal wires
may be wound on over the other coverings by a similar spindle and
bobbins:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS AND SIDES OF HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Jeffrey Hopkins, of Sansome Lodge,
in the City of Worcester, Architect, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS AND SIDES OF HOUSES AND OTHER
STRUCTURES."
Sealed the 2nd August 1870, and dated the 15th June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Jeffrey Hopkins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th June 1870..
I, WILLIAM Jeffrey Hopkins, of Sansome Lodge, in the City of
Worcester, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOPS AND SIDES OF HOUSES AND.
OTHER STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of the roofs and sides:
of greenhouses, plant frames, photographic operating rooms, and other

page_text: similar buildings or structures which are generally covered with glass,
the object being to ensure a wind and water-tight roof or covering
without the use of putty or other cement to fasten the glass in place,
and also to allow of the rain water leaving the roof with more freedom
than with the present construction.
glass (preferably
The Invention consists in making the styles and sash bars, or some of
them, of U, V, or some similarly shaped plates or bars of wood, metal,
or analogous substance, which are held in position and secured to the
top and bottom rails by rivetting or otherwise. These plates form the
gutter or channel to receive the rain water from the glass and lead it to
the eaves, gutter, or pipe as found most convenient. At various places
in the length I attach cross pieces, studs, or other contrivances for
holding a clip or other fastener which presses upon the
at the meeting ends or overlaps) to keep it in place. The edges of the
plates may be covered with prepared rubber, cork, or other material for
the glass to rest upon, thus allowing the latter to cover the joint instead
of the joint abutting as in ordinary frames against the edge of the glass,
and the clips or fasteners may also bear upon or against similar yielding
material to prevent breakage. The fasteners may be in the form of
screws of any desirable shape which can be easily removed to allow of,
say, a broken pane of glass being removed and another inserted in its
place. It is not necessary to fix the plates permanently in place, as in
many cases, such as for portable houses, the plates may be dropped into
position, so that after removing the glass they can be removed and
packed with facility.
I do not desire to confine my Invention to glass roofs and sides only
as it is annlicable to slate tile, and other kinds of material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLAITING OR FOLDING TAPES AND OTHER NARROW FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marcus Brown Westhead and
Robert Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd April 1870.
We, MARCUS BROWN WESTHEAD, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, and ROBERT SMITH, of the same Place, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR PLAITING OR FOLDING TAPES AND OTHER NARROW FABRICS," to
be as follows:
Our Invention has for its object the plaiting or folding of tapes and
other narrow fabrics into a form suitable for sale, and is particularly
applicable to such making up as is described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to us bearing date April 29th 1867, No. 1212.
In the arrangement of machinery we propose there are two sets of
fingers placed in pairs on each side of the space through which the
fabric passes to be plaited, but in such positions as to constitute holding
apparatus for successive plaits, by preference, of different lengths. Theso
fingers are thrust forward to take the folds or plaits, and are withdrawn
therefrom by cams, weights, or other suitable apparatus, the said motions
being timed to allow a holding by two fingers at the same time.
In

page_text: retireing they run up inclines to assist their liberation. The fabric is
folded or plaited upon a table which is forced upward by a weight or
spring, and as the material accumulates the table is forced downward,
by which means the folds or plaits are kept together.
In making up narrow fabrics according to our former Patent aforesaid t
the elastic for binding the plaits together is placed upon the table and
is subsequently tied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th May 1870.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Piat, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel mode of constructing the harness
of looms, and to certain mechanism connected therewith, whereby the
action of the loom may be stopped whenever a warp thread breaks:
The improved harness is composed of one or more parallel series of
metallic needles suspended from rods fixed at the upper part of the
apparatus. These needles are provided towards their middle part with
an eye or opening to receive the warp threads, and are free or loose at
their lower end so that they may be easily pushed on one side when it
is required to pass the warp thread into the eye which is intended to
support it, or to mend a thread when it is broken. As the needles are
simply strung loosely on their supporting bar or rod any number of

page_text: them may be pushed on one side or put out of use during the working
without removing the threads already upon the loom. Moreover as the
threads pass through a polished metallic substance the dressing of the
warp is not liable to be worn or rubbed off by the friction of the threads
in the eyes of the harness.
In combination with the metallic needles above mentioned it is
proposed to employ a device for stopping the loom should a warp thread
break. To this end the eyes of the needles whereby they are suspended
from their supporting rods are made oblong so that they may have an
independent vertical movement. Their lower ends rest in slots in the
lower bar of the heddle but are loose thercin. The needles are in some
sort suspended on the warp threads, and so long as the warp threads
remain unbroken the needles will be held up in the slots, but should
a warp thread break its needle will drop in the slot and its lower end
will project below the lower bar of the heddle. A vibrating bar with a
limited motion is made to oscillate immediately below each heddle bar,
and, therefore, if a thread breaks and lets down a needle the vibrating
bar will strike against it, and by being thus prevented from continuing
its motion will come against the stopping device and will throw the
loom out of work by shifting the driving band on to the loose pulley.
It is preferred to use the two improvements in combination, but if
desired the metallic harness may be used without the stopping device.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ATTACHING HANDLES TO SCOOPS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Courtis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
1870. A communication from abroad by Henry Courtis, of Victoria,
Australia.
I, JOHN COURTIS, of Edward Terrace, Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorgan, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MEANS OF ATTACHING HANDLES TO SCOOPS AND OTHER ARTICLES," a
communication to me from abroad by Henry Courtis, of Victoria,
Australia, to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object an improved means of attaching
handles to scoops and other articles. For this purpose the handle,
which is preferably of wood, has a screw thread formed thereon, and
the back of the scoop or other article, which it is preferred to be also
of wood, has formed therein a suitably screwed recess or socket; into
this recess or socket the handle is tightly screwed, the ordinary pins,
pegs, nails, or rivets used for such purpose being dispensed with, and
a thoroughly secure attachment of the handle to the scoop or other
article obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING IRON AND OTHER METALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James. Clark, of Blaina, in the County of
Monmouth, Ironmaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROLLING IRON AND OTHER METALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH.”
Sealed the 11th April 1871, and dated the 12th October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1870.
I, JAMES CLARK, of Blaina, in the County of Monmouth, Iron-
master, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN ROLLING IRON AND OTHER METALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers, firstly, to machinery for rolling in which the
metal passes between "rolls" which act upon it at different angles. The
.

page_text: " rolls I propose to employ are provided with axes placed alternately
in horizontal and vertical positions in any required number to the series,
and upon each of these I form two or more grooves gradually differing
in shape or dimensions according to the character of the article to be
produced, and two or more "piles," "billets," or other such preparations
of metal may therefore be passed through the machine at the same
time, the said "rolls" being driven at varying speeds in proportion to
the attenuation. The metal may be heated in any ordinary manner and
may be drawn from the furnace by the action as is now practised in
some instances.
Secondly. My Invention refers to the use of a series of "rolls” witli
their axes in the same plane and through which the heated metal is con-
secutively drawn. These "rolls" are provided with grooves which
gradually bring the metal to the required finished form, and they are
geared with suitable wheels or friction surfaces for causing their speeds to
vary in proportion to the drawing out of the metal. I also propose, as in
the former instance, to adapt, if desired; two or more grooves to each
"roll." Also I propose to cause the rolled articles to be delivered into
a sheath which prevents it from curving.
Another part of my Invention relates to the rolling of cast steel, and
consists in performing that operation direct with the melted metal. For
this purpose I cast an ingot as usual, but while it is in a heated state
I present it to the "rolls" which draw it forward, and I propose to cast
the said ingot in a form approaching more or less that of the intended
finished article. For carrying forward the heated metal I propose to
use a travelling surface constituting a portion of the mould, and upon
this the metal may be cast continuously or at intervals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEALTHILY EXERCISING THE HUMAN FRAME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION -left by Frank Milnes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1870.
I, FRANK MILNES, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR HEALTHILY EXERCISING THE HUMAN FRAME," to be as
follows:-
This apparatus consists of a platform to correspond with the bottom
of a boat with rowlocks attached to a cross head fixed on a spindle
fitted in and actuating a grooved frame beneath the platform containing
curves of unequal radii, round which the impulse of a spring passes, so
that after passing the centre the resistance diminishes so as to correspond
to the exit of the scull or oar from the water in a real boat. The scull
or oar is represented by a bar or handle placed between the rowlocks
and attached to the cross head by short straps. The outer end of such
scull or oar being attached by an india-rubber spring to the spindle,
and thus the weight of the oar or scull in the water is in effect obtained.
The use of this apparatus supplies a perfect counterpart to the

page_text: invigorating exercise of rowing and produces a healthy development
of the organs of respiration and of the whole muscular system. I can
produce the above rowing action by eccentrics acting on levers as well
as by the segmental grooved frame, and I can regulate the strength of
the impulse of the india-rubber springs by a screw at the end of the
frame.
AN Improvement APPLICABLE TO THE 'WEFT FORKS' USED IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Grimshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
February 1870.
I, THOMAS GRIMSHAW, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN Improvement
APPLICABLE TO THE 'WEFT FORKS' USED IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to protect the weft fork from injury
from being struck by the shuttle or otherwise as frequently happens in
weaving, and the improvement consists chiefly in providing the fork on
each side with a guard of sheet iron or other metal, the said guards
forming part of the frame which carries the fork; by these means the
fork is efficiently protected from injury, and the liability of the fork to
be broken by the shuttle flying out of the shed is obviated, and at the
same time a much lighter fork can be employed with safety when
desirable, and it may be made with only one grain or prong, or with two
or more as thought preferable.
IMPROVED MEANS OF DYEING OR COLORING ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gaudente Sparagnapané at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd July 1870.
I, GAUDENTE SPARAGNAPANÉ, of Bishopsgate Street Without, in the
City of London, Wholesale Confectioner, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF DYEING OR COLORING ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:-
It has heretofore been the practice in colouring artificial flowers, fire-
place ornaments, confectionary embellishments, and other articles of a
smilar nature, to dip or immerse the leaves, rucheings, and other
trimmings into a bath of colouring fluid, so that they should receive
the requisite tints. By this means the colouring produced was regular
and more stiff than in natural flowers, and in other such ornaments it
was often desirable to produce a sprinkling or admixture of colour.
Now the object of this Invention is to produce a sprinkling or dropping
of colour in a complete and ever different manner upon the leaves of
artificial flowers and the rucheings and embellishments of other articles..
This is accomplished by causing powdered crystals of any aniline that
may be selected to settle upon the flowers or other ornaments which
have previously been manufactured in the form in which they are after-

page_text: wards to be used. These powdered crystals of aniline rest inactive upon
the flower or ornament until dissolved by sprinkling a very fine spray
of some suitable solvent such as a spirit upon the article. This solvent
dissolving the aniline renders it active, and the latter produces a
peculiar colouring effect upon the article exactly proportional in
intensity to the amount of powder which has settled upon the particular
spot or part of the article. In causing the powdered crystals of aniline
to settle upon the flower or other articles I place them face downwards
on a wire-worked top of a case or box in which the crystals are. The
powder is agitated, and the finer particles rising by their lightness to the
top of the case, there settle upon the leaves or rucheings of the flowers
or other articles.
AN IMPROVED INSTRU MENT ADAPTED FOR TAKING BEARINGS AND FOR MAKING RAPID SURVEYS WITH APPROXIMATE ACCURACY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Edward Barker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th August 1870..
I, ROBERT EDWARD BARKER, of Nelson Villa, Cliftonwood, Bristol, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED INSTRU
MENT ADAPTED FOR TAKING BEARINGS AND FOR MAKING RAPID SURVEYS WITH
APPROXIMATE ACCURACY," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object an improved instrument adapted for
taking bearings and for making rapid surveys with approximate accuracy..
For this purpose I combine with a binocular field glass a small compass
made like a mariner's compass, with a moving card. This compass.is.
fixed to, the field glass with the "lubber's point" directly in front of the
pivot in a line parallel with the axial lines of the glasses. The compass
card is marked with the points, and is also graduated to degrees of
angular measurement.
A convenient way of fixing the compass to the field glass is by a
screw passing through the front plate of the glass into the side of the
compass box. The compass may be provided with a detent, which on

page_text: being depressed by the finger locks the compass card in the position in
which it stands when the pressure is applied.
In using the instrument, the object of which the bearing is required is
brought into the centre of the field of the instrument, the compass card
is locked by means of the detent, the glass is lowered and the bearing
read off. If the angle between two objects be required the two. bearings
are read off in degrees, and the one is subtracted from the other. The
detent may be dispensed with as with practise good reading may be
obtained without its use. In a similar way also I construct an instru-
ment for taking bearings and angles by combining a compass in the
manner described with a single field glass or telescope.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING METALLIC SURFACES AND METALLIC ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Lowe and William
Peddie Harper at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th October 1870.
We, CHARLES LOWE and WILLIAM PEDDIE HARPER, both of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING METALLIC SURFACES
AND METALLIC ARTICLES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Hitherto it has been the practice when printing surfaces of metal,
such for example as tin plate or sheet iron, to employ a lithographic
stone as the medium from or by which designs or impressions are
transferred to the said metallic surfaces, the impression being made by
passing the surface or surfaces to be printed through a lithographic
press. This process is in comparison to our present Invention costly,
as by means of it we avoid the employment of lithographic stones, as
well as the processes or operations for transferring designs to the said
stones and preparing them for giving off impressions.
Our present Invention then consists in printing metallic surfaces
direct from woodcuts, metallic blocks with the design engraved or cut
thereon, or from electrotype blocks. This we effect by placing the block-

page_text: or blocks from which the design or designs are to be imparted to the
metallic surfaces in an ordinary hand or mechanically operated printing
press, and passing through the press the metallic surface or surfaces to
which the design or designs are then transferred by pressure, the wood-
cut, metallic engraving, or cut, or electrotype being charged with printing
material of the requisite shade or colour, which is subsequently affixed
to the metallic surface by a dryer, or varnish, or by heat in a stove.
Besides employing woodcuts, metallic engravings, or electrotypes as
herein-before set forth the impression may be made from stereotype,
and the present Invention also includes printing letter-press on metallic
surfaces, and any of the said impressions may be made either on a clean
metallic surface or upon surfaces coated with enamel, varnish, lacquer,
or paints.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SKIMMING CAST IRON DURING THE PROCESS OP CASTING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Robinson at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
April 1870.
the 7th
I, THOMAS ROBINSON, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Iron-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SKIMMING CAST IRON DURING THE PROCESS
OP CASTING," to be as follows:-
The skimming of molten cast iron during the process of casting has
been performed heretofore by rude tools held in the hands of the work-
men. Notwithstanding the skill acquired by the workmen it frequently
happens that scorial and other solidified matter which has collected on
the surface, escapes past the tools, into the moulds and renders the
castings imperfect.
Now the object of my Invention is to provide means for skimming
automatically during the process of casting or, in other words, during the
operation of pouring from ladles and other vessels. For that purpose
I fit one or more straight or bent intercepting pieces of metal or other
rigid material, coated with fire-clay or other refractory substance, if
necessary, within and near the top edge of each said ladle or other

page_text: vessel, in such position that during the operation of pouring the liquid
metal must pass underneath the said intercepting piece or pieces.
Sockets or recesses of any convenient form are attached to or formed
on the said ladle or vessel near the top edge thereof to receive the
intercepting piece or pieces, and screws, wedges, or other fasteners are
provided to secure them in position if required. In practice I prefer
to employ one flat plate-like intercepting piece in a ladle specially
constructed with a straight pouring lip..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN GETTING COAL
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Bartholomew, of Doncaster, in the County
of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE
USED IN GETTING COAL."
Scaled the 26th April 1870, and dated the 18th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Bartholomew
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th February 1870.
I, CHARLES BARTHOLOMEW, of Doncaster, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN GETTING COAL," to be as follows:-
:-
In the Specifications of former Patents granted to me on the 12th
January 1864, No. 90, and the 11th January 1866, No. 94, were
described arrangements of apparatus for separating and drawing forward
an wrenching off pieces or blocks of coal from the face of the coal that
is being worked. In further aid of such apparatus I have now invented

page_text: a coal saw consisting of two or more parallel saw blades rivitted or fixed
together with a space or spaces between in such a manner as to allow
the coal dust or sawdust to pass readily away between these blades, and
the teeth of the saw blades are gated in such a manner as to remove a
sufficient breadth of coal to harbour the entire thickness of the coal
saw. I first drill a hole into the coal the requisite depth that the
proposed saw gate or groove is intended to be made, making this at an
angle with the face rather than to a perpendicular, I then insert the coal
-saw. The-saw-is-worked-to-and-fro_either_by_hand_labour or _by_power.
And in order that the saw may be made to bear with a sufficient
pressure against the coal at the inner end of the saw gate or cut a
fulcrum is employed, which is fixed in the saw gate or cut behind
the saw, and which is advanced as the work proceeds. The handles of
the saw may be attached either in a line with or perpendicular to
the saw.
By this apparatus or instrument a saw gate can be cut in the coal in
any direction either by manual power or mechanical action, and when
blocks of coal have been so sufficiently cut round they will either be
forced off by the ordinary means or by the use of the apparatus described
in my previous Patents. A provision at the far end of the saw is
made by additional teeth gated into the space between the saw blades
so as to clear out more completely the far end of the saw gate
or cut.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CUPOLA FURNACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Newland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
October 1870.
I, PETER NEWLAND, of Audenshaw, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CUPOLA FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of cupola furnaces used in
the manufacture of iron, and is designed for the purpose of economizing
the amount of fuel employed to melt the iron under operation and at
the same time to improve the quality of the metal produced.
In carrying out my Invention I take a cupola furnace of the ordinary
construction, and at a convenient distance above the sole of the furnace
and just below the "tuyeres" and "boshes" I build an arch of fire-
brick, forming a kind of false bottom to the furnace. Above this arch or
false bottom I build up the sides with fire-clay or sand, so as to cause
the false bottom to be dished or concave towards the centre, and at the
centre I form an opening through the same for the molten metal and the
flame to pass through. In the side of the furnace, in the space between

page_text: the false bottom and the sole, I have an opening, and from this I
construct a passage or flue leading again into the furnace above the
" boshes."
In using this furnace I place only a very small portion of coke on the
false bottom (say about two hundredweight) then about ten hundred-
weight of pig iron, and so on alternately, using much less fuel and much
more iron than ordinarily. When the blast is turned on and the metal
commences to run (which it does in about half an hour) the metal and a
portion of the blast passes downwards through the hole in the centre of
the false bottom into the space beneath above the sole of the furnace;
the blast then passes upwards through the passage or flue before
named into the furnace above the "boshes" and acts as a hot. blast.
By this improved arrangement the metal runs clear away from the
coke at once, thus escaping a great amount of sulphuration, and hence
pure metal results at the same time that the quantity of fuel requisite to
melt a charge is reduced by about one-half, and time also is greatly
economized.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PUTTING DRIVING STRAPS UPON DRUMS OR PULLIES WHEN IN MOTION
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Proven at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1870.
I, JOHN PROVEN, of Halifax, in the County of York, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR PUTTING DRIVING STRAPS UPON DRUMS OR PULLIES WHEN IN
MOTION," to be as follows:-
:-
The object of my Invention is to enable a workman without danger to
himself to put a strap on to a driving pulley whilst the latter is in
motion.
For this purpose I employ apparatus consisting of a frame having near
its upper end a boss or disc so formed as to be capable of striding or
passing over and thus receiving support from the driving shaft carrying
the pulley upon which it is desired a driving strap should be placed. A
lever or arm is constructed or provided with means to enable it to turn
freely around the boss or disc to the extent of somewhat more than half
a revolution. A stud carrying a supporting plate for the driving strap is
fixed to the outer end of this lever or arm, and to this stud is also

page_text: attached a connecting rod, by which, aided by suitable guides thereto,
motion is communicated to the lever or arm around the boss or disc as
required.
When it is desired to place a strap upon a driving pulley from the
under side the lever or arm is brought to its lowest position; the driving
strap is then placed upon the supporting plate immediately underneath
the driving pulley, the frame and disc at this time resting on and being
partly supported by the driving shaft. The workman then holding the
frame with one hand lifts the connecting rod with the other hand,
thereby causing the lever or arm and supporting plate with the strap
thereon to pass partly around and into contact with the pulley when the
latter by its rotation and by means of the friction of the supporting
plate carries both plate and strap with it round to the other side where
the supporting plate is of course released, leaving the strap on the driving
drum or pulley. A small roller carried by the frame rests against the
edge or rim of the driving drum or pulley during the operation of putting
on the strap and thereby assists to steady the apparatus. The position of
the supporting plate is adjustable to suit various sizes of drums or pulleys
and a rod or other suitable means may be provided to enable the workman
to obtain a firm grasp of the apparatus.
The apparatus can be arranged to put on a strap from the under side
or from the top side of a driving pulley or drum.
In- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOWERING AND DISENGAGING BOATS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Montague Alex at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
November 1870.
I, MONTAGUE ALEX, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester,
Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOWERING AND DISENGAGING BOATS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improved apparatus for lowering and
disengaging boats in such manner as to carry them sufficiently clear
from the ship's side. A double block and fall are attached to a ring
bolt on deck, connected with the capstan, mast, boat, or other con-
venient part, and by these appliances the davits are lowered. The davits
are fitted with universal joints bolted to the ship's side, stops preventing
them from descending beyond a desired angle. They are prevented from
being driven out of place by the wind by means of guides working in
bearings fitted with rollers. Guys or stays fixed to the ring round the
head of each davit make it secure and prevent it from being displaced.
The davits are stayed to each other and made to work parallel by a bar

page_text: passing from their heads and working through a swivel eye. A chain
or sling with rings and hooks attaches the main block and fall to the
davits for lowering and hoisting them.
The tackle for attaching the boat consists of a block attached to the
head of the davits with rings to carry the same with single fall, which
passes through the stretcher to a winch. On the end of the fall is a
ring, thimble, or running block or roller, which passes under the billets
or stretcher and through the hawser holes in the fore and aft deck of
the boat, the end being carried under the thwarts and under friction
rollers to the winch. The billets or stretchers run across the fore and ]
aft deck of the boat, to prevent the tackle from running through the
block and being lost; it also keeps it afloat ready for the return of
the boat. This tackle and billet would save a man who had fallen
overboard.
•
The winch may be of simple construction consisting of bevel or crown 1
...
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PLAIN AND ELASTIC TERRY FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Turner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1870.
I, HENRY TURNER, the younger, of Leicester, in the County of
Leicester, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PLAIN AND ELASTIC TERRY FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore in weaving fabrics having strands or threads of india-rubber
in the centre, that is to say, strands or threads lying between the two
faces of the fabric, it has been usual to weave them cither with one
shed and a single shuttle thread or with two sheds and two shuttle.
threads.
Now my improvements consist in having two sheds with the india-
rubber standing intermediately of them, and using one shuttle. thread
with a rising and falling batten and with rising and falling binding
threads, which arrangement opens the depth of both sheds,, so that as..
soon as the shuttle has passed through the shed the shed changes, which
gives it a double portion of time, thus enabling the shuttle to work

page_text: much more quickly, and a far less number of threads are together at the
opening of the sheds, hence they do not clog together as in the method
heretofore employed, and less breakage of threads will occur, and a
better face is obtained on each side of the fabric produced.
The main novelty consists in having two sheds worked by one shuttle
with a rising and falling batten, the sheds to have two blows from the
batten.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES AND IN THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR BUILDING AND FETTLING THE SAME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Francis Jones. at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th November 1870.
I, FREDERICK FRANCIS JONES, of Middlesborough-on-Tees, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES AND IN THE PREPARATION
AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR BUILDING AND FETTLING THE SAME,"
to be as follows:-
Firstly. My Invention consists in building the whole or certain parts
of of puddling furnaces of bricks formed of materials herein-after specified
instead of those made of materials such as fire-clay, which as they melt
away have a deleterious effect upon the quality of the iron under
treatment, whereas any admixture of the materials applied by me tends.
to improve the quality of the iron in the furnace at the time.
Secondly. My Invention consists in utilizing all puddlers' tap cinder,
hammer slag, forge scale, and like materials by melting them in a
suitable cupola furnace alone or with other substances, such as wrought
iron, iron ore, clay, &c., and running the produce as hot as possible into

page_text: suitably shaped vessels or bogies where it is allowed to settle and cool
gradually, so that the lighter scoria will have a tendency to float and
remain separate. The upper and impure portions of the contents of
the vessel I prefer to reject, leaving the remains or purified portion
to be applied as fettling for puddling furnaces instead of the materials
in common use for that purpose.
Thirdly. My Invention relates to a mode of making bricks for
building puddling furnaces, and consists in running the cinder (obtained
as above explained) from the bogies or direct from the cupola into
warm moulds of the form of bricks, which are then annealed in a
suitable kiln, or by being covered while hot with sand or other suitable
material.
My Invention also consists in grinding the above described cinder, or
any other suitable cinder, such as mill tap cinder, puddlers' tap, hammer
slag, or roll scales of all kinds in any suitable mill into a paste, which
is then moulded into bricks either alone or mixed with suitable clay
or red ore, and then dried or baked by the application of heat.
By the use of bricks made as above explained, being mainly composed
off oxide of iron, a good yeild of iron is ensured in the puddling furnace
with less fuel and more certainty as to quality than is possible in
puddling furnaces built of ordirary fire-bricks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARDENING, PRESERVING, AND FACING STONE, CHALK, BRICK, AND OTHER BUILDING MATERIALS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Cockburn Milne Ximenes, of Wargrave,
in the County of Berks, Esquire, and Edward Betincourt, of
Boulogne-sur-Mer, in the Empire of France, Artist, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARDENING, PRESERVING, AND FACING
STONE, CHALK, BRICK, AND OTHER BUILDING MATERIALS."
Sealed the 22nd November 1870, and dated the 24th May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Cockburn Milne
Ximenes and Edward Betincourt at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th May 1870.
We, HENRY COCKBURN MILNE XIMENES, of Wargrave, in the
County of Berks, Esquire, and EDWARD BETINCOURT, of Boulogne-sur-
Mer, in the Empire of France, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARDENING, PRESERVING, AND
FACING STONE, CHALK, BRICK, AND OTHER BUILDING MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-

page_text: This Invention has for its object improvements in hardening, pre-
serving, or facing stone, chalk, brick, and other building materials.
Our improvements consist in applying to the stone, chalk, brick, or
other materials to be treated a solution of sulphate of iron (green vitriol)
or sulphate of alumina, or sulphate of copper, or sulphate of zinc, or
other metallic salt (in preference, sulphate of iron or sulphate of
alumina). Mixtures of two or more of the foregoing are sometimes
used in the process. The metallic salt to be used is dissolved in water
and then applied to the surface of the building material until that
material has absorbed as much as it will. The strength of the solution
will vary according to the nature of the material to which it is to be
applied; generally two pounds of the metallic salt or salts in a gallon of
water will suffice.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACCUMULATING HYDRO- STATIC PRESSURE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Sterne and Peter
Brotherhood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th August 1870.
We, LOUIS STERNE, of Great Queen Street, in the City of West-
minster, Engineer, and PETER BROTHERHOOD, of Notting Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACCUMULATING HYDRO-
STATIC PRESSURE," to be as follows: -
The object of our Invention is to dispense with the use of a dead
weight as now generally employed in apparatus for accumulating
hydrostatic pressure, and the Invention relates to the employment of
pneumatic or junction rubber springs, as about to be described.
In carrying out our Invention we take a cylinder provided with a
piston, and in communication at one end with the hydraulic apparatus.
Between the piston and the opposite end of the cylinder we place any
required number of pneumatic or junction rubber springs. When the
water under pressure is admitted to the cylinder the springs become
compressed and therefore store up or accumulate power, which may

page_text: be brought into use as required. Any desired number of cylinders pro-
vided with the springs and communicating with the same hydraulic
apparatus may be employed according to the amount of power to be
obtained or accumulated.
The springs we employ are, by preference, those described in the
Specification of Louis Sterne's Patent of 30th January 1866, No. 294.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Denny Ruck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th December 1870.
I, WILLIAM DENNY RUCK, of East Greenwich, in the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adaping to the wickholder of a lamp
short tubes of metal to improve combustion.
For example, suppose a lamp to be constructed with a flat wick-
holder, I fix to each side and at the outside of such said holder a
flattened tube of metal, the top thereof is flush or nearly so with the
top of the said holder, the bottom of each of the aforesaid tubes
extending downwards to the bottom of the wick holder which should
be screwed tightly on to the top of the reservoir of the lamp, by these
means combustion of the oil or spirit employed is improved, the power
of the light increased, and unpleasant smell and also smoke pre-
vented or materially lessened, and whereas without the aforesaid tubes

page_text: explosion would take place, by the use of the said tubes explosion is
prevented.
For lamps with circular wickholders, the aforesaid tubes have simply
to be fixed in any suitable number to the outside of the said wickholder
after the manner above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Wedlake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1870.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM WEDLAKE, of Hornchurch Ironworks, near
Romford, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS," to be as
follows:
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam engines and
boilers.
In order to obtain an inexpensive engine, easy to move from place to
place and to crect, I form by preference in a single casting a chamber
with a cylinder at either extremity of it. These cylinders are fitted with
covers at their outer ends, and a piston is adapted to each cylinder. The
pistons are connected together so that they may move simultaneously,
and by a connecting rod or rods they give motion to a cranked axle, the
bearings of which are carried by the sides of the chamber, and the crank
is contained within the chamber. The outer end of each cylinder has
steam alternately admitted to and exhausted from it by valves worked
by an eccentric, which is also enclosed in the chamber. The steam is

page_text: exhausted from the cylinders into the chamber, from whence it may be
allowed to escape either into the air or to a condenser. The feed pump
cylinder is fixed to the bottom of the chamber, and the eccentric and
rod to work the pump are contained therein.
In vertical steam boilers it is common to connect the top of the fire-
box with the funnel by means of a number of vertical tubes through
which the heated products of combustion pass. These tubes for the
greater part of their length traverse the steam space. According to my
Invention I surround these tubes with a light casing within the boiler
extending nearly to the crown. I supply the feed water into this
casing and allow it to overflow at the top, the tubes. are thus almost
entirely surrounded by water, in place of, as heretofore, for the most part
by steam.
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hunter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
December 1870.
I, JAMES HUNTER, of Coltness Iron Works, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES,” to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to improvements in blast furnaces,
has for its object the rendering of such furnaces more efficient by
raising the materials in the upper part of the furnace to a higher
temperature than obtains in existing arrangements of blast furnaces,
thereby enabling a greater amount of material to be melted in any given
furnace.
In carrying the Invention into practice the upper part of the furnace
is provided with twyers or blast pipes through which a hot or cold blast
is forced, this as it impinges upon the newly charged materials ignites
them, drives off the waste component parts, and by elevating their
temperature prepares them to be more rapidly reduced in the lower parts
of the furnace. In order to give greater support to the materials in the
upper parts of the furnace, namely, at the part where the blast is

page_text: forced in, a transverse arch with openings at the sides to allow the
materials to descend through is provided, and it is preferred to make
the arms or buttresses of the arch hollow, and with perforations at the
sides in order to enable the blast to be forced therethrough into the very
centre of the charge; or in place of making these arms or buttresses
hollow perforated tubes of a refractory material may be employed either
above or below, or as forming part of the said arch.
The arrangements referred to may be applied to either open or closed
topped furnaces, and openings with ducts are provided either below and
above or below or above the part where the blast is injected, through
which the unburnt gases are taken off to heat the blast stoves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING THE BURSTING OF WATER PIPES BY THE ACTION OF FROST
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clement Heaton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1870.
I, CLEMENT HEATON, of Garrick Street, Covent Garden, in the County
of Middlesex, Glass Painter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING THE BURSTING
OF WATER PIPES BY THE ACTION OF FROST," to be as follows :-
My Invention has for its object the adaptation and application to
water pipes of an air chamber or air chambers of suitable strength
and capacity to receive the increased bulk of the freezing and frozen
water.
It is matter of obscrvation that water confined in a pipe begins to
freeze and expand at the lowest part (the temperature of the pipe being
equal throughout), the heat evolved during the process of freezing causes
comparatively warm water to rise to the top, hence the first pressure at
the top of the pipe is hydraulic. The said comparatively warm water
afterwards gradually freezes and produces the increased bulk known to
be due to frozen water. The force exerted by this increase is irresistible,
and if means of allowing for the expansion be not provided the pipe

page_text: must give way, although the same pipe may be able to withstand the
pressure of several atmospheres.
Now my Invention with reference to the object stated above consists
in the application of suitable air chambers in communication with the
interior of water pipes for the purpose of allowing adequate space for the 5
increased bulk of frozen water, such air chambers being fixed by
preference to the highest part of the pipes.
In cases wherein the pipes exceed about six feet in length they are by
preference arranged in united portions with an air chamber applied to
the highest part of each portion.
When a water pipe runs across an area I prefer either to curve or to
incline the pipe and fix the chamber at the highest part of the curve or
the incline.
Also where a water pipe extends for a considerable distance along the
ground in a position liable to frost I prefer to form it with a succession
of curves or oblique lines and fixing the air chambers in the highest
parts of such lines or curves respectively.