Improvements in Axle Arms.
Year: 1896

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 11 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883), as required
by the decision of the Comptroller General of the 31st day of July 1897.
Date of Application, 17th Mar., 1896
Improvements in Axle Arms.
I, FRANCIS ROBERT RICHARD DAY of No. 52 Akerman Road, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, General Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in axle arms.
In carrying it into effect, I provide that side or sides of the arm which are
subjected to the load, with an antifriction rolling surface. This latter may be
provided by one, or a row of rollers, axially parallel with the arm.
The arm is suitably recessed to receive the roller or rollers, as many as there
may be. It is further reduced by the removal of a segment along the side of the
arm where the latter is recessed, in order that when the antifriction rolling surface
and the box are in their operative positions, respectively, the former shall project
beyond the reduced surface of the arm without passing the circle of it. A further
advantage of the removal above mentioned is that it provides a space for lubricant.
Dated this 17th day of February 1896.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicant.
provement
Axle Arms.
I, FRANCIS ROBERT RICHARD DAY of No. 52 Akerman Road, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, General Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in those axle arms with which are
combined antifriction or roller surfaces interposed between the axle arm and the
axle box.
It has already been proposed to combine the antifriction surface of one, or of
a row of, rollers with the axle arm, the axis of the antifriction surface being, as
a matter of course, parallel with that of the axle arm.
The combination above referred to is characterised by the projection of the anti-
friction surface beyond the periphery of the axle. This projection (being, of course,

page_text: either from the top side or from the bottom side of the arm) makes the practical
vertical diameter of the arm so much longer than the horizontal one. The axle
box must, of course, be circular and have a diameter not less than the vertical one
above mentioned. The consequence is that when the axle arm is in its working
position, there is a crescent shaped space between it and the axle box, through the
thickest part of which space the projecting portion above mentioned reaches the
inner surfaces of the said box. Under such circumstances, there are not, neither
can there be, any true surfaces of contact between the arm and the box, but only
two lines of contact, each at an end of the vertical diameter. The consequence is
that the wheel shakes upon the arm-has a capacity for transverse motion in
either direction at right angles with the axis of the arm-and that is enough to
prevent any wheel running truly.
The object of the present invention is to retain all the advantages derivable
from roller contact and at the same time to secure a surface contact between the
box and the arm almost all the way round the latter. This is acomplished by the
following means.
The arm is suitably recessed to receive the roller or rollers, as many as there
may be. It is further reduced by the removal of a segment along the side of the
arm where the latter is recessed, in order that when the antifriction rolling surface
and the box are in their operative positions, respectively, the former shall project
beyond the reduced surface of the arm without passing the circle of it.
The accompanying figures illustrate the invention applied to the arm of an axle
which takes the load directly upon it, and which, for that reason, presses upon
the bottom surface of the box. They are to be taken as part of this specification
and read therewith. It is obvious that if the load bore directly upon the axle box,
the invention would be applied to the top surface of the axle arm.
Figure 1 is a section taken along the line 1-1 of Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a section taken along the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a detail vertical section, on an enlarged seale, of an axle arm and
a roller surface.
Figure 4 is a detail vertical section on the same enlarged scale, of an axle arme
only.
a is the axle arm and b is the box. c, c, c are three rollers of an equal diameter
and mounted on a horizontal rod d. c, c, c, are recesses in the arm a to receive the
rollers e. The rod d may be threaded through the rollers and the portions of the
arm a intermediate of the respective recesses e, till its nose enters the socket d', in
which position it is held by a set screw . So far the combination just described
is as heretofore.
I have shown the roller surface as distributed amongst three rollers but this
number is not a feature of the invention. It, as well as the total length of the
said surface in proportion to the length of the box b, may be varied as may be
desired.
Instead of the rod d being threaded through the rollers and the intermediate
portions above mentioned, the rollers may be threaded on to the rod, one end of it
into their
may be inserted in the socket d', and both rod and rollers he swung up
working position, the rod end and the socket being coned to produce a suitable
pivot.
I now come to deal with the subject matter of the present invention. f is the
space formed by the removal of the segment above mentioned. The dotted line g
in Figure 3 and the full lines for the internal face of the box b in Figures 1 and 2.
indicate the length of the versed sine, or, in other words, the amount of the
projection of the roller surface. The said dotted line further indicates where
would be the periphery of the arm a had there not been a removal of a segmental
portion equal to the space f. The projection of the roller surface is, according to
the present invention, beyond the reduced surface above mentioned and indicated
by the chord : it always stops at the dotted line y and may not, under any
circumstances, pass beyond it in the direction of the axle box b. In other words

page_text: a continuation of the circular surface of the axle arm a from one side of the reduced
surface to the other, will coincide with the projecting periphery of the roller
surface but will not intersect it.
The invention further includes the combination of the above described reduced
and roller surfaces with either or both the front and rear sides of the axle arm.
The object of such combination with the sides of the arm is to diminish the friction
between it and the box when the vehicle is being either pulled forward or backed.
Which roller surface is operative during such pulling forward or such backing
depends, of course, upon whether the load is borne by the axle or by the wheel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I am aware of the
prior patent granted to Francis Day, dated September 10th 1895, No. 16947, and
I do not claim anything described or claimed in the specification of that patent,
and I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The hereinbefore described combination of axle arm, reduced surface
thereon, and antifriction or roller surface projecting beyond the latter as far as a
continuation of the circular surface of the said arm.
2. The hereinbefore described combination with either side of an axle arm, of
a reduced surface thereon and an antifriction or roller surface projecting beyond
the said reduced surface as far as a continuation of the circular surface of the
said arm.
3. The hereinbefore described combination with each side of an axle arm, of
a reduced surface thereon and an antifriction or roller surface projecting beyond
the said reduced surface as far as a continuation of the circular surface of the
said arm.
4. The hereinbefore described combination with the top or bottom and with
either or both sides of an axle arm, of a reduced surface or surfaces, as the case
may be, thereon and an antifriction or roller surface projecting beyond each of the
said reduced surfaces as far as a continuation of the circular surface of the
said arm.
Dated this 18th day of Tanna 1907
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
No. 22 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.