Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
A communication from abroad by the AMERICAN WRITING MACHINE COMPANY, of
No. 237, Broadway, New York City, New York, United States of America,
a Corporation organized under the laws of the State of New York.
I, JOHN CORRY FELL, of the Firm of Fell & James, of 1, Queen Victoria Street,
in the City of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
These improvements in typewriting machines relate to the type bar action;
the escapement mechanism; the line locking mechanism or means for preventing
the printing of one character upon another at the end of a predetermined line; the
mode of connecting the platen carrier to the carriage; means for varying the
height of the platen for manifolding work; means for releasing the platen so as
to rotate it independently of its ratchet wheel; the ribbon mechanism; and other
minor features which will be hereinafter referred to.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 is a partial plan view of the machine with certain parts broken away
to show other parts below.
Figure 2 is a detail front elevation illustrating the mode of pivoting and mount-
ing the type bars.
Figure 3 is a vertical, longitudinal section through the center of the machine,
some of the parts being broken away or disconnected.
Figure 4 is a vertical cross section taken at the line z, z, of Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a side view to show more particularly the mode of hanging and
releasing the rear feed or pressure roll.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of one of the paper guides and its means of
attachment.
Figure is a rear view of the machine showing the escapement mechanism and
its connection with the universal bar, the carriage mounting and a portion of the
bell mechanism, etc.
Figure 8 is a plan view of the carriage and the escapement mechanism, various
parts being broken away and others omitted for the sake of clearness.
Figure 9 is an end view, partly in section, of the same.
Figure 10 is a plan view, various parts being removed, for the purpose of show-
ing more particularly the line locking and releasing devices.
Figure 11 is a side elevation thereof partly in section and with the top plate
added.
Figure 12 is a front view of the machine above the top plate.
Figure 13 is a vertical cross section through the line y, y, of Figure 1, some of
the parts being broken away for the sake of clearness.
Figure 14 is a perspective view of the margin stop devices, the slide or collar
being broken away to show the spring.

page_text: Figure 15 is a vertical section showing more particularly the ribbon mechanism
in front elevation.
Figure 16 is a front view of part of the ribbon driving mechanism.
Figure 17 is a plan view of the ribbon mechanism.
Figure 18 is a vertical cross section taken at the line x, x, of Figure 17 to show
more particularly the ribbon spool mounting.
Figure 19 is a central vertical section through the ribbon and ribbon plate, the
latter being broken away in Figure 17.
Figure 20 is an enlarged vertical section on the line w, w, of Figure 15, with
the base of the side frame partly broken away.
Figure 21 is a side view of the ribbon mechanism from the right-hand side, the
frame being partly broken away.
Figure 22 is a front view showing in central vertical section means for releas-
ing the platen from the line spacing devices, so that the platen may be turned
freely and independently in either direction, and showing also means for raising
the platen when it may be desired to do manifold work or write upon a number
of sheets of paper at one time.
Figure 22 is a vertical section on the line v, v, of Figure 22.
Figure 23 is a plan view of a part of the platen release and also a part of the
line spacing mechanism.
Figure 24 is a detail perspective view to show the mode of attachment and
detachment of the platen carrier frame from the truck or main carriage, the lock-
ing collar which holds the platen frame normally in non-detachable condition
being turned back to permit of detachment.
Figure 25 is a view similar to Figure 24, but showing the locking collar in
normal position and the platen frame as locked against detachment.
Figure 26 is a longitudinal vertical central section of the parts in the condition
shown at Figure 25.
In the various views the same part will be found designated by the same
numeral of reference.
.
1 designates the general frame-work of the machine. At the base of the machine
and near the rear end thereof is a rod 2 which extends across from one side frame
to the other and is secured therein. Upon this rod is pivotally mounted the
entire set of key levers 3 used in the machine, the said key levers occupying
vertical planes alongside of and close to one another and there being one key
lever for each type bar 4. The key lever and its associated type bar are not
directly connected together by means of a rod or link as usual heretofore, but in
the following manner, namely: -Secured to each key lever is a strap or loop 5 to
the upper end of which is pivoted at 6 the lower end of a short link 7 whose upper
end is pivoted at S to a horizontally-arranged bar 9 which is pivotally connected
at its forward end at 10 to the forward end of an obliquely-arranged short link 11,
pivoted at its rear and lower end on a rod 12 which extends across the machine
and serves as a pivotal support for the entire series of forward links, and the
rear end of said bar 9 is pivoted at 13 to the forward end of a rear obliquely-
arranged link 14, whose opposite and lower end is pivotally mounted on a cross-
rod 15 which likewise serves as a pivotal support for the entire series of rear links.
Pivotally secured at 16 at a suitable point on the length of the bar 9 is a strap
or loop 17, to which, through an adjusting turn buckle 18, is connected the lower
end of a type bar actuating rod 19 whose upper end is pivotally connected to the
short arm of the type bar 4, which is pivoted at 20 in a U-shaped hanger or clip 21.
The rear end of each bar 9 is cut to form a hook 22 to receive one end of a coiled
spring 23, whose opposite end is attached to a hook 24 projecting forwardly from
a plate 25 attached by a screw 26 to the rear end of the frame or casting. The
said spring serves to return the entire type movement from key lever to type bar
to its normal position. When a key lever is depressed it turns about its fulcrum
rod 2 and through the link 7 the bar 9 is drawn down, the links 11 and 14 swing-
ing downwardly as illustrated at Figure 3 and maintaining the bar 9 always in a

page_text: horizontal position. The pulling down of the bar 9 effects also a downward move-
ment of the connecting rod 19 and thus causes an upward swinging movement of the
type bar about its pivot 20, the type striking the paper on the platen in this move-
ment in the usual way. During the downward movement of the bar 9 it also has
a slight forward movement which operates to stretch the spring 23 and impart to
it sufficient tension to restore the parts to their first positions when the pressure
on the key lever is released. The drawing down of the bar 9 also effects the
carriage escapement mechanism as will hereinafter be more fully explained. The
key levers 3 in normal position all lie in substantially the same horizontal plane,
and when the draw-bars 9 are in normal position they stand in vertical planes
side by side across the machine with each bar practically in line over its associated
key lever, and when at rest in their normal positions the tops of all of said bars 9
lie in substantially the same horizontal plane.
While the bars are all of equal length, the key levers vary in length owing to
the fact that their key heads or stems 27 are arranged in seven transverse rows or
banks as shown more particularly at Figure 3, the key levers of the foremost row
being longest and those of the rearmost row shortest. The finger piece 27 is con-
nected to the extremity of its key lever; preferably the finger pieces or key stems
of the last or rearmost four rows pass loosely through guide-bars 28.
Extending across the key bar is a reed-bar or comb 29 separating the levers
laterally and guiding them in their vibratory movements, and for the purpose of
separating and guiding the draw bars 9 there is likewise provided a transverse
comb or reed-bar 30 which may extend down far enough to likewise separate and
guide the rear ends of the key levers as shown at Figure 3.
By combining the draw bars with the key levers through the intermediate
links 7 the connecting rods 19 may be strung or hung in substantially vertical
positions, thus reducing to the minimum the wear of the type bar journals; the
key levers for the entire series of banks may have practically the same amount
of dip or depression and the leverage for all of the key levers and type bars may
be substantially alike, thus conducing to perfection of touch and action. The
actuating rods 19 are connected to the draw bars at different points of their lengths,
according to the positions of the actuating rods relatively to the circle in which
they are arranged, and the links 7 are connected to the draw bars at different
points according to the lengths of the key levers with which they are also con-
nected. The key levers which extend out to the foremost and lowest transverse
row or bank are connected to the foremost transverse series of links 7, and the
key levers which extend out to the rearmost bank or row are connected to the
rearmost series of links 7, there being seven transverse rows of links as well as
seven transverse rows of key stems or buttons.
The type bar brackets or hangers 21 are supported upon the top plate or type
ring 31, and for the purpose of reducing the size of the top plate or type ring to
the smallest possible dimensions its brackets or hangers are arranged in pairs and
mounted one directly over the other, yet the brackets or hangers of each pair of
bars are entirely separate and independent of each other, and hence each hanger
may be independently moved both radially and laterally, in order to adjust the type
bar, so that its type will strike exactly at the printing center. Each pair of
bangers is securely fastened upon the top plate or type ring by means of a single
screw 32 only, the threaded end of the screw passing into a tapped hole in the
top plate and the head of the screw bearing upon a segmental washer 33 laid upon
the upper edge of the topmost hanger. In practice this washer is made long
enough to overlie three pairs of hangers, but for each pair of hangers there is a
separate screw 32. Between the hangers of each pair is another segmental
washer 34 which likewise is preferably made long enough to include three pairs
of hangers, and this washer like the washer 33 is perforated for the passage of
This mode of mounting the type bar hangers is not only extremely
simple and effective, but it enables either hanger of a pair to be adjusted without
disturbance of its fellow. For example if it be desired to adjust the upper hanger
the screws.

page_text: of the pair shown in Figure 3, it is simply necessary to loosen the screw and move
the hanger to the desired position without giving concern about the disturbance
of the hanger below, for this will remain precisely where it is on account of the
clamping effect thereupon of the washer 34, which is still held firmly in position
by the other two screws of the remaining two pairs of hangers (not shown) in the
group or series of three referred to; and similarly during the adjustment of the
topmost hanger as described the uppermost washer 33 will for the same reason
remain undisturbed. When the said hanger has thus been properly adjusted the
screw may be retightened to hold it in its new position. And again if for example
it should be desired to adjust the lowermost hanger after loosening the screw this
may be readily accomplished without affecting the uppermost hanger which
remains tightly clamped between the two washers by means of the two other screws
of the series. By making the superposed hangers separate or as individuals, not
only it easier to make the adjustinents which are required from time to time,
but the type bars may be pivotally mounted in the hangers in the first instance
before assemblage in the machine much more conveniently and readily; each
hanger is, as shown at Figure 1, preferably made in U-form in plan view and the
inwardly projecting arms thereof are preferably provided with an adjusting
screw 35 for holding said arms in parallelism and for adjusting their free ends
relatively to the type bar pivot or journal, and which is preferably formed conical
at each end and seated in a like depression in each arm of the hanger.
⋅
Owing to the mounting of the hangers one over the other in couples, provision
must be made for preventing the two type bars thus associated from coming in
contact when hanging against the type rest 36, and from clashing when moving
to or from the platen in their printing and returning movements. This is accom-
plished by attaching the eyes or hubs of the type bars to their respective journals
or pivots in different vertical planes; in the example shown at Figure 1, the hub
of the uppermost type bar being attached to the right of the center of its journal
and that of the lower type bar to the left of the center of its journal. But owing
to this arrangement of the type bar hubs in different vertical planes some means
must be provided to enable them to strike at the same printing center and this
is accomplished by mounting the pivots or journals in slightly oblique positions
relatively to a horizontal plane, and as illustrated at Figure 2, the upper pivot
or journal being inclined downwardly from the left-hand side and the lower
journal or pivot upwardly from the left-hand side. By thus mounting the pivots
and the type bars not only may the type bars be made of the same length and be
vibrated to strike at the same printing point or center, but also by the peculiar
arrangement of the pivots the free or type ends of the bars are maintained at an
increased distance apart, and thus there is no liability of the bars clashing in
moving to and from the paper or of touching each other while at rest in the basket
or support 36. The pivot of the upper type bar is preferably set slightly farther
back than the pivot of the lower type bar, and for this reason the upper type bar
is cut away or formed with a loop 37 which embraces the lower pivot when the
upper type bar is down in normal position, thus permitting both the upper and
lower type bars to rest side by side against the ring or basket 36.
The type actions (which comprise the series of type bars, the series of connect-
ing rods, the series of draw bars, the series of key levers, and the series of inter-
mediate links) connect with the carriage escapement mechanism and will now be
described in detail. Located between the series of key levers and the series of
draw bars and preferably close to the under sides of the latter is a roller 38 which
is supported at its ends by pivots 39 (Figure 7) projecting laterally from in-
wardly extending arms 40, one at each side of the machine and each formed
integral with or attached to a collar 41 which is secured to a rock shaft 42 sup-
ported at its ends by conical pivots 43 projecting inwardly from the side frames,
the ends of the shaft 42 being preferably provided with ball bearings 44 as indi- 5
cated at the right-hand side of Figure 7. The roller 38 corresponds in function
to the universal bar of other machines and will be designated as such hereinafter.
:

page_text: About the middle of the rock shaft 42 is secured by a collar an arm 45 which is
provided with a spring 46 and which projects forwardly to engage with the lower
end of an escapement rod designated in its entirety by the numeral 46" but which
is preferably composed of several sections. The lower section 47 is made from a
piece of sheet metal and is formed with a slot 48 at its lower end to receive a
pin 49 at the free end of the arm 45. Below the slot 48 the section 47 of the rod
is provided with a screw 50 upon which is mounted a flanged nut 51, with which
co-operates the spacing bar to be presently referred to. Above the slot 48 the
section 47 is bent or shaped to extend rearwardly and then upwardly, and at its
uppermost end said section is attached to a threaded rod or section 52 which by
means of a turn buckle or threaded sleeve 53 is connected to the lower threaded
end of another rod 54 which at its upper end is securely riveted to a plate 55, the
turn buckle and oppositely threaded rods providing the means for adjusting the
length of the escapement rod as a whole.
To the upper end of the plate 55 at the right-hand edge or corner thereof
(viewed from the back of the machine) is pivoted at 56 the escapement or feeding
dog 57, which dog has a square or straight face and curved or rounded back, and
formed integral with the dog is a lateral extension 58 projecting leftward and
adapted to contact with a pin 59 fixed above the same in the upper left-hand
corner of the plate 55. On the under side of the lateral extension 58 is a short
downwardly projecting lug 58° to receive the upper end of a small coiled spring 60,
whose lower end is fitted over an upwardly projecting screw 61, which has a
bearing in a forwardly extending lug 62 on the plate 55. (See Figures 3 and 7).
Pivoted at 63 about centrally of the plate 55 is the shorter arm 64 of a bent
lever which is pivoted at 65 upon a bracket or stand 66 secured to the top plate,
the longer arm 67 of said bent lever extending vertically upward and provided
at its free end with a forwardly bent portion or finger 68 which constitutes the
holding dog of the escapement mechanism. The feeding dog 57 and the holding
dog 68 both co-operate with a toothed escapement wheel 69 which is sleeved or
mounted loosely on a driving shaft 70, which at its rear end is formed or provided
with a ratchet wheel 71 with which engage three spring-pressed pawls 72 pivoted
in a circular box or casing 73 formed integral with the toothed escapement wheel 69
and on the rear side thereof. By this construction the escapement wheel is
caused always to turn with the shaft when the said shaft turns in the direction of
the arrow at Figure 7 (and which is the direction in which said shaft turns when
the carriage is moved from right to left in the writing operation), but when said
shaft turns in the opposite direction the pawls 72 bob or slide idly over the teeth
of the ratchet wheel and the toothed escapement wheel remains at rest; or in
other words, during the retraction of the carriage for the beginning of
a new line of print while the shaft rotates the escapement wheel remains
stationary.
The shaft is mounted in suitable bearings 74 at the free edge of a plate or
bracket 75 which is pivoted at 76 to the upper portion of the aforesaid stand or
bracket 66. (See Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10).
Beneath the swinging bracket or stand 75 is arranged a flat spring 77 which
tends normally to keep the said plate in an elevated position and with its rear
edge against the head of the stop screw 78..
On the forward end of the shaft 70 is a small pinion 79 which normally runs
in gear or mesh with a straight toothed rack 80 secured to a bar-like carriage 81
adapted to run on ball and roller bearings, and to said bar or carriage 81 is attached
through a downwardly projecting stud 82 one end of the driving cord, strap or
chain 83, the other end of which is attached to the usual spring drum 84, by
which the carriage is propelled from right to left in the usual manner.
In the construction shown fixed guide rails or bearings 85 and 86 for the bar
r carriage 81 are supported one over the other in uprights 87 secured upon the
top plate. (See Figures 7, 8, 9 and 13). The platen carrier is attached to this bar

page_text: or carriage and will be referred to after a description of the mode of operation of
the escapement mechanism.
goes
When a character key lever is depressed and its associated draw bar 9
downward and forward, it operates upon the universal bar 38 and its arms 40 and
the descent of these devices causes an oscillation of the rock shaft 42 and a
depression of the arm 45, whose pin lies normally at the lower end of the slot 48
of the escapement rod, and in consequence the said rod is caused to descend with
the arm 45. The pulling down of the escapement rod serves to disengage the
pivoted dog 57 from the escapement wheel 69 and to engage the holding dog with
said wheel, the holding dog vibrating into the path of rotation of said wheel so
as to arrest the same previous to the disengagement of the feed dog. At this
time the type prints but there is no feed of the carriage. When the feeding dog
is thus disengaged from the escapement wheel its spring 60 causes it to turn on
the pivot 56 and to vibrate a short distance upwardly and towards the right and
into the position shown at Figure 7, where it is in place to catch the next tooth
of the escapement wheel as soon as the latter is released and to limit the same
to a one tooth rotative movement. The downwardly projecting lug 58" on the
bottom of the feeding dog, contacts, on the return movement of the latter with
the top of the screw 61, thus positively arresting the escapement wheel step-by-
step as it is released from the holding dog. The holding dog being connected to
the plate 55 through the bent lever and the feeding dog being also connected to
the said plate, they are in consequence moved in unison and so that when the
holding dog goes into engagement the feeding dog goes down out of engagement,
and so that when the holding dog vibrates out of engagement the feeding dog
moves upwardly into engagement. At Figure 7 one of the draw bars is shown
down in working position and the escapement mechanism in the condition in
which it exists when the finger key is held down and the type is against the paper
on the platen. When the pressure on the key lever is released the draw bar
ascends and leaves the escapement mechanism as a whole to be restored to normal
position under the influence of the spring 46, and which may be assisted by a
separate spring 89 attached to the bracket 66 and connected to the long arm 67
of the bent lever by a loop or yoke 90. In the restoration of the escapement
mechanism to normal position the escapement wheel rotates a distance of one
tooth space as before described by means of the spring driving drum 84 through
the strap, carriage, rack and pinion and shaft, and thus the carriage is fed or
spaced step-by-step letter space distances as it travels from right to left. In order
to avoid any possibility of the escapement wheel rotating backwardly by friction
during the retraction of the carriage a small pivoted spring-pressed and notched
arm 91 is provided, which, as seen at Figure 7, acts as a positive stop to any
reverse rotation of said escapement wheel, but the said arm does not in any wise
prevent the forward or proper rotation of said escapement wheel, the point of each
tooth of the escapement wheel striking on the upper edge of the said arm and
depressing it as it passes by the free end of the same, the spring 92 of said arm
acting to immediately restore it to its normal position after such depression.
In connection with the escapement mechanism is employed a space key for
effecting the requisite spacing between words, etc. This space key is shown at
Figure 3 and comprises two lever frames connected together and extending from
the front edge of the machine back to the escapement rod. The foremost lever
frame consists of two arms 93 one pivoted at each side of the machine as indicated
at 94, and the front ends of these arms are connected together by a space key 95
which extends transversely across the keyboard. The rear ends of the lever
arms 93 are bifurcated as at 96 to receive pins 97 on the forward ends of the
arms 98 of the rearmost lever frame, which arms 98 are pivoted each at 99 to one
of the side frames of the machine and are connected at their rearmost ends by a
cross-bar 100 which has a ledge or flange 101 that overlies the flange or head of
the nut 51 at the lower end of the escapement rod, the entire construction being
such that when the space key 95 is depressed the flange 101 is also depressed and

page_text: striking upon the flange of the nut 51 causes the escapement rod to descend and
the escapement mechanism to operate in the same manner as if the type action
operated it; but in operating the escapement mechanism through the medium
of the space key the arm 45 remains at rest and hence the escapement mechanism
is restored to normal position by the spring 89 alone, while separate springs (not
shown) under the spacing frames are provided to restore these frames to their
normal positions.
On the rock shaft 42 and preferably made integral with the arm 45 is an
arm 102 which is adapted to strike against a screw stop 103 for the purpose of
limiting the upward movement of the escapement rod. The position of this
screw determines or regulates the extent of the engagement of both dogs with
the escapement wheel.
The purpose of mounting the escapement shaft in the swinging or vibratory
plate 75 will now appear in connection with the following description of the
mechanism for releasing the carriage from the escapement mechanism to permit
of the carriage being moved rapidly in either direction independently of the said
escapement mechanism.
104 is a plate or arm which is pivoted under the plate 75 and at right angles to
the pivots of the latter. The rear end of the arm 104 is forked to provide two
journals 105 for the pivot pin 106 of said plate, the pin passing through the eyes or
journals 105 and resting at its ends in bearings in the casting or bracket 66
below the plane of the pivot 76 of the swinging bracket 75. The arm 104 extends
forwardly from its pivot and at about midway of its length is connected to the
swinging plate 75 by means of a rod or bolt 107, and at the foremost end of said
arm is an anti-friction roll 108 with which is adapted to engage the horizontal
flange or lip 109 at the bottom edge of a vertically-arranged release rod or
blade 110 which is pivotally supported from above at two points in its length by
means of obliquely-arranged links 111, the lower ends of said links being pivoted
to the bar or carriage 81 and their upper ends to ears formed on said release bar.
The left-hand end of said release bar is formed with a finger piece 112 and is also
preferably furnished with an inclined guiding slot 113 surrounding a fixed
screw 114 on the carriage 81. When the said release bar is pressed inwardly or
towards the right it simultaneously swings downwardly and the flange or lip 109
bearing upon the anti-friction roll 108 causes the arm 104 to swing down about
its pivot 106 against the stress of a returning spring 115 surrounding the pivot 106,
and in this movement of the said arm the swinging plate 75 is caused also to
descend by reason of the connecting rod 107, and thus the shaft is vibrated down-
wardly and its pinion carried out of engagement with the feed rack 80, thereby
releasing the carriage from its connection with the spacing mechanism and
enabling it either to travel swiftly towards the left under the force of the carriage
driving spring or else to be pushed towards the right regardless of the escapement
mechanism, as may be desired. When the pressure upon the release key or bar
is removed the spring 115 operates to restore the pinion into mesh with the feed
rack and also to bring the arm 104 back to its first position. The release bar is
returned to its first position by means of a separate spring 116, (see Figure 13).
It will be understood, of course, that when the escapement shaft is thus swung
downwardly to release the carriage that the holding dog stands back out of engage-
ment with the escapement wheel, and hence affords no obstruction to the down-
ward movement of the shaft and its wheel, and inasmuch as the pivoted dog stands
in engagement with a tooth of said wheel at near its point or tip, the said pivoted
dog likewise permits of the requisite amount of downward movement of the escape-
ment wheel to effect the disengagement of the rack and pinion.
While the escapement mechanism may be disengaged from the main carriage
or that carrying the feed rack by direct manipulation of the release bar 110, it
may also be released by a supplemental key acting through said release bar and
which key is mounted upon the platen frame or carrier 117 which is hinged or
pivotally connected to the main carriage in a manner to be presently described.

page_text: In bearings on the left-hand end bar of the platen carrier is mounted a rock
shaft 118 which at its rearmost end is provided with a crank arm 119 bearing an
anti-friction roller 120, which is adapted to contact with the flange or lip 109 on
the release bar, and at the foremost end of said rock shaft is a finger piece or
key 121 by which the rock shaft may be conveniently oscillated and the crank
arm roller caused to depress the release bar, and by such depression effect the
swinging down of the escapement pinion out of engagement with the feed rack
in substantially the manner hereinbefore described with reference to the separa-
tion of the parts by direct action upon the release bar. The rock shaft may have
a separate returning spring 122 if desired. (See Figure 1). When the platen
carrier is down in working position the disengagement between the rack and
pinion may be more conveniently effected by manipulating the supplemental or
rock shaft key, but when the platen carrier is in an upturned or non-working
position, where the work may be inspected and corrected, the crank arm is out
of operative relation to the release bar and hence if at this time it be desired to
throw off the escapement mechanism this may only be accomplished by direct
action upon the release bar as at first explained.
The means for defining the amount of travel of the carriage in both directions,
or what is designated as the margin stop and the line stop, the bell mechanism,
and the means for locking the printing and escapement mechanism against action
when the carriage has arrived at a predetermined point in the course of its travel
leftward will now be described.
On the front side of the carriage or bar 81 is mounted a bar 123 which is pre-
ferably graduated or marked on its front face and for substantially its whole
length to correspond with the letter spacing or amount of step-by-step travel of
the carriage, and in connection with said graduated bar or scale is employed a
stop block 124 which may be used as a pointer or indicator and which is preferably
secured to the front end of the vibratory arm 104 and serves in connection with
the said scale bar to enable the operator to conveniently adjust the carriages for
the purpose of making corrections, etc.
The upper edge of the bar 123 is toothed as at 125 forming between said teeth
a series of notches or depressions equal in number and in distance apart to the
graduations on the scale. Upon this bar is fitted to slide a margin stop 126 which
limits the returning movement of the carriage, and hence defines the width of
the left-hand margin on the sheet being written. Also mounted to slide on said
bar is a line stop 127 which determines the amount of carriage travel towards the
left. These stop devices are practically of the same construction, although the
line stop performs a function in the locking of the printing and escapement
mechanisms as will presently appear, and for the purpose of sounding an alarm
just before the end of the carriage travel the said line stop is provided with a
pin 128 which is adapted to strike a pivoted bell trip 129 at the free end of a
lever 130 pivoted at 131 and provided at its right-hand end with a bell hammer 132,
which is adapted to strike against a gong 133 fixed on the frame-work. The bell
mechanism is of the ordinary character and need not therefore be further described.
Referring now to the detail construction of the stop devices, (Figures 3, 11,
13, 14), 134 is a three-sided slide with upper and lower rear flanges or lips form-
ing a rectangular box-like structure with a rear slot from end to end, so that while
the slide or stop is properly supported upon said bar it may pass by the several
studs or washers 135 (Fig. 3) intervening between the carriage and the scale bar,
and which are provided for the purpose of maintaining the latter far enough away
from the carriage to enable the employment and convenient manipulation or
adjustment of said stop devices. The box or slide portion 134 is formed at its
front side with an ear or lug 136 (Fig. 14) which is cut through or slotted vertically
to receive the body portion of a lever 137, and which is supported upon a trans-
verse pivot 138 passing through the ear portions and through a hole in the lever.
The inner and upper end of the lever is provided with a finger 139 which is
adapted to engage with the notches in the upper edge of the scale bar and thus

page_text: securely hold the device in any position to which it may be adjusted. The forward
end of the said lever is formed with a finger piece 140 which when depressed causes
an oscillation of said lever and a removal of the finger 139 from the notch with which
it is engaged, and thus leaves the device free to be moved to a new position. In
a housing formed in the lug 136 is placed a small spiral spring 141 whose front
end is seated in a notch 142 in said fever and the force of said spring acts on the
said lever, on that side of its pivot opposite the side on which is located the said
finger, so that said spring tends always to keep said finger in engagement with its
selected notch. When it may be desired to readjust the stop devices, it is simply
necessary press down upon the finger piece 140 thus pressing the spring and
raising the finger 139 from its notch, and then by a sidewise force upon the lever
push or pull the slide along the bar 123 to the desired position for resetting, where-
upon the finger will automatically engage the notch upon releasement of the lever.
This device has been found in practice to be exceedingly simple in construction
and most convenient of manipulation.
to
.
While the left-hand stop 126 shown at Figure 13 normally contacts with the
device 124 which serves as a stop as well as a pointer as before explained and thus
normally defines the extent of retraction of the carriage and the width of left-
hand margin on the paper, nevertheless the construction is such that if it be
desired to write within the margin the stop 126 may be caused to pass over the
stop 124 for this purpose, and this may be accomplished by means of the release
bar or release key which when actuated causes the stop 124 to descend whereby the
stop 126 and the carriage may be pushed farther towards the right and beyond
the relatively fixed stop 124. The writing may then be done within the margin,
the carriage moving the while step-by-step towards the leand the construction
is such that when the stop 126 reaches the stop 124 in this movement it is not
arrested thereby, but passes it, thus permitting continuous or uninterrupted
writing of the entire line. The stop 126 is adapted to pass by the stop 124 auto-
matically when moving from right to left by reason of the fact that the stop 126
has a slight bevel or curve on its left-hand lower edge and the stop block 124 has
a similar formation on its upper right-hand edge and when these edges engage
they operate to depress the arm carrying the stop 124, and then the underside of
the stop 126 thereafter keeps the said arm depressed until the stop 126 has fully
passed by the stop 124, whereupon it automatically rises to its normal position
where it will serve to arrest the stop 126 and the carriage when they are again
retracted or moved back towards the right.
The stop 127 which defines the step-by-step travel of the carriage towards the
left co-operates with a lever 143, (see Figures 10 and 11) which forms a part of
the means for locking the printing mechanism when the carriage has arrived at a
predetermined point in the line and which locking means prevents the printing
of one character over or upon another after the carriage has come to a halt.
The said lever 143 is supported by a vertical pivot 144 on a small bracket 145
which itself is supported by a horizontal pivot 146 on the bracket or stand 66.
The front end of said lever 143 is bent upwardly to terminate in the path of travel
of the line stop 127 and so as to be influenced thereby when the carriage comes
down and is at or near the end of its predetermined travel. The rear end of said
lever enters the upper forked end of a vertically-arranged lever 147 having a
horizontal pivot 148 and connected at its lower end to a horizontally-arranged
link 149, which at its right-hand end is pivotally attached to one arm of a bell
crank 150, pivoted vertically at 151 on the frame of the machine. The longer
arm of said bell crank is forked and connected to the upright arm 152 of a slide
rod 153 supported in suitable bearings in the frame-work, and whose forward
end is connected to a locking blade or bar 154 which extends across the machine
and is mounted upon a pivot rod 155, whose ends are supported in bearings in the
side frames. A coiled spring 161 surrounding the slide rod 153 and held between
the fixed collar 161 and the rear bearing of the slide operates to cause the
blade 154 to be held upright. But when through the action of the line stop 127
D

page_text: the lever 143 is vibrated and through the levers 147, 149 and the bell crank 150
the rod 153 is slid endwise, the blade or bar 154 is pulled to the dotted line position
shown at Figure 11, where it will be observed its free upper edge stands under
the series of horizontally-arranged draw bars 9, and it will be understood that
when the locking blade 154 is in this dotted line position it is impossible for any
of the key levers to be operated, and hence for the escapement mechanism to be
acted upon or the type bars to ascend far enough to effect printing, for these
operations can only be produced through the descending action of the draw bar.
When the locking blade is in its normal position represented in full lines at
Figure 11, the draw bars may be successfully pulled down as represented by one
of the bars thereat, and hence there is no interference by said locking blade with
the proper manipulation of the printing mechanism and escapement mechanism.
The following means are provided to release the locking devices so that one or
more letters may be added to the line after the carriage has once come to a stop
and the printing and escapement mechanisms have once been locked as explained.
Pivoted at 157 in a lug depending from the top plate is a lever 158 to whose rear
arm is connected a vertically-arranged sliding pin 159 and to whose front arm is
attached a finger key 160 which projects above the top plate and slides therein.
The upper end of the pin 159 terminates at the under side of the rear arm of the
lever 143 and is adapted to rock said lever about the pivot 146 of the bracket 145
when the finger key 160 is depressed, thereby causing the forward arm of the
lever 143 to descend below the path of travel of the line stop 127, thus permitting
the carriage to advance farther, and at the same time, owing to the removal of
the side. pressure of the line stop 127 against the lever 143, the said
lever, under the influence of a returning spring 161, flies back to
its normal position in a vertical plane, and at the same time spring 161 causes
a movement of the slide rod 153 and the levers 150, 149 and 147 in the opposite
direction, and this movement of the slide rod causes the blade 154, with which
it is connected, to swing back to its upright position out of the way of the draw
bars. Thus at one depression of the key 160, the locking mechanism is released
and the arm 143, which acts normally in conjunction with the stop 127 to arrest
the carriage, is moved down away out of the path of the stop 127, so that the
latter may pass over the arm in the further movement of the carriage, during
which additional letters may be printed upon the line.
The actuating lever 143 rises to its normal position in a horizontal plane when
released from the influence of the stop 127 by means of the retracting spring 156
riveted on its top and bearing at its free end against a pin 156" on the bracket 66.
By reason of a pin 162 extending from arm 104 to lever 143 the hinged arm 104
and the lever 143 are connected together so that when the arm is depressed against
the tension of its spring 115, the lever 143 is also depressed against the tension
of its spring, and hence when these parts are released the said springs
operate to restore or vibrate the lever 143 and the arm 104 upwardly simul-
taneously to their normal positions, the arm 104 swinging about its horizontal
pivot 106 and the lever about its horizontal pivot 146. But the pin allows of the
depression of lever 143 alone without affecting the arm 104, which latter is
depressed, as the stop 127 moves toward the left by the action of the stop 127 on
the cammed or rounded upper edge of stop 124. On the return movement of the
carriage, owing to a beveled or rounded lower edge on the right-hand side of the
ear 136 of the stop 127, both the arm 104 and the lever 143 are depressed auto-
matically, so that the stop 127 may pass by the same.
It will be understood that when the margin stop 126 has been moved over on
the right-hand side of the lever 143 and the stop 124 for the purpose of writing with-
in the margin, the said stop 126 passes automatically over both the said devices with- .
out arresting the leftward travel of the carriage, there being a beveled or rounded
lower corner on the left-hand side of the ear of the stop 126, which acts first on
the lever 143 to depress it, and then on the stop 124 to depress it, and when the
stop 126 has fully passed by the stop 124, the lever 143 and the arm 104 auto-

page_text: matically return to their first positions and the stop 124 is brought to a normal
position to arrest the return movement of the carriage the next time when the
contact stop 126 thereon is moved to the right with the carriage.
When writing is done beyond either the margin stop or the line stop the carriage
is limited in its travel by means of a lug 165 adapted to contact with either of
two fixed stop pins 166 on the guide rail 85. (See Figure 13). These devices may
be said to constitute permanent stops for the carriage. They also prevent the
carriage from detachment from its ways or rail both when the belt or strap 83
is attached and when it is removed. Of course if it be desired to detach the
carriage this may be accomplished by removing the lug 165 or the pins 166.
The bar or carriage 81 has a V-shaped groove on its upper edge and also a
V-shaped groove on its lower edge and the guide rails 85 and 86 have V-shaped
grooves facing those in the carriage. Between the lower pair of grooves are
arranged two anti-friction balls 167 and in the space between the upper pair of
grooves are two loose anti-friction rolls 168 one arranged crosswise of the other.
For the purpose of holding the set of balls and the set of rolls in proper working
relation and to prevent their escape from the grooves or ways, there is provided
a vertical holder 169 which is formed with perforated horizontal ears at its lower
end to embrace the two anti-friction balls and with a horizontal frame 170 which
surrounds the pair of anti-friction rolls. (See Figures 1, 3 and 7).
The platen frame or carrier with its various appurtenances will now be described.
The platen carrier consists of a rectangular frame composed of two end bars 171
and 172, a front bar 173 and a back bar or rod 174, which at its ends is hinged
or pivotally connected to the carriage bar 81, the latter being provided near each
end with an open hook 175, the throat of which preferably extends or opens up-
wardly, and owing to the construction of these hooks the platen carriage may be
attached and detached with facility; but for the purpose of preventing accidental
detachment of the platen carrier there is provided at each hook preferably a lock-
ing contrivance which consists of a head or collar-like device 176 provided with
an integral inwardly extending flange or wing 177 which is circular in form and
fits a circular seat or depression in the hook 175. The head or collar and the
circular wing or extension are slotted vertically to register with the slot or throat
of the hook, so that the back rod 174 of the platen carrier may be inserted and
removed from the said hook bearing. The collar is provided with a small finger
piece 178 by which it and its integral wing seated within the hook may be con-
veniently rotated and when the said device is turned forward a portion of the said
collar and of the said wing are brought over the back rod of the platen carrier
and hence effect a closure of the bearing and prevent any accidental detachment
of the platen carrier. Preferably the collar is provided with a pin 179 which
travels in a slot or cut-away 180 at the side of the hook, and the ends of said slot
or cut-away form stops for said pin to limit the rotative movement of the locking
device.
The front bar of the platen carrier is provided centrally with an anti-friction
roller 181 which travels upon an adjustably-supported track 182 formed at each
end and in the center with an oblique slot 183, through which slot passes support-
ing and guiding screws 184 whose threaded ends engage tapped holes in a fixed
bar or rail 185 secured by screws 186 to posts 187 rising from the top plate 31.
By this construction the track may be adjusted vertically so as to bring its upper
edge upon which the wheel travels in different vertical planes according to the
nature of the work in hand. As is well-known, if the types all strike in proper
alignment when a single sheet of paper is on the platen they will not strike in
alignment when a large number of sheets of paper are on the platen, as in mani-
folding work, the enlargement of the platen, so to speak, by the additional thick-
nesses of paper depressing or lowering the normal printing center to a point
which cannot be reached by all of the type bars, and hence some of the type bars
will print on either side of a vertical plane passing through the depressed or
lowered printing center, and in consequence the types will be irregularly im-

page_text: pressed or staggered upon the paper. The object therefore of the vertically adjust-
able track is to provide some means for raising the platen proportionately to the
increase of diameter thereof by the application of a number of sheets of paper to
be manifolded, so as to maintain the printing center or the exact point at which
all of the type bars will converge or meet practically coincident with or in the
horizontal plane of the lowermost or outside sheet of the pile of paper on the
platen, and thereby preserve the alignment of the printing for this class of work.
When it may be desired to print upon single sheets of paper the track is lowered
so as to bring the under side of the platen or the sheet of paper thereon in a hori-
zontal plane of convergence of the type bars.
For the purpose of conveniently adjusting the height of the track there is a
screw 188 which enters a threaded hole in the fixed bar 185, and which screw is
provided with a cylindrical collar 189 which engages with a vertical slot or
groove 190 at the right-hand end of the adjustable rail 182, whereby when the
milled head or finger piece or button of the screw is turned the adjustable rail is
moved endwise and at the same time in consequence of the presence of the inclined
slots and the guiding screws the said rail is also caused to ascend or descend
according to the direction in which the screw 188 is turned. A suitable scale or
indicator may be provided to assist in determining the elevation of the rail for
given number of sheets of paper.
The platen 191 is supported by a shaft or axle 192 in the end bars of the platen
frame or carrier and is of the usual construction excepting for the releasing
mechanism now to be described. The platen is provided with a line spacing
mechanism which will presently be referred to and by which the platen may be
turned or rotated step-by-step as the various lines are printed on the under side
of the platen. This line spacing mechanism permits the platen to be turned
independently in either direction by means of knobs or wheels 193 on the platen
axle, but these rotative movements of the platen are limited to given distances or
spaces, owing to the presence on the platen of the line spacing ratchet wheel 194
and its spring-actuated hold-fast or dog 195. On account of this construction it
is not possible to turn the platen through variable distances or arcs so that writing
may be done on the lines of ruled paper which do not happen to correspond with
the distance apart of the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and so that writing may be
done upon partially printed blanks where irregular spaces are to be filled in with
the typewriter. For the purpose of providing means whereby these classes of
work may be done devices are employed by which the platen proper may be
turned separately free or independently of its ratchet head 194 through arcs or
distances either very minute or very large as may be desired and to bring any
desired line or space on the paper to be printed to the striking center of the types.
The platen comprises a hollow wooden core 196 and a rubber sheath or cover 197;
and at the right-hand end of the platen is loosely connected the line space ratchet
wheel 194 which has an inwardly projecting hub 198 and is cylindrical on the
outside and forms a support and bearing for the right-hand end of the hollow
core 196; the interior of said hub is made tapering or conical as shown at 199
to match the tapering surface of a cone 200 which is splined or feathered upon the
shaft 192, so that it may move longitudinally of said shaft slightly and yet
rotate with the same. Bearing against the inner end of said cone is a coiled
spring 201 which surrounds said shaft and is sustained at its opposite end against
a collar or abutment 202. The tendency of said spring is to drive the cone towards
the right and into frictional engagement with the tapering interior of the hub 198.
Surrounding the shaft on the right-hand side of the cone is a short sleeve 203 and
upon said sleeve is mounted a hub or bearing 204 formed integral with the ratchet
wheel and extending outwardly towards the right against an abutting collar 205,
which is pinned to the shaft between the end of the hub or bearing and the end
bar of the platen frame. The said hub or bearing 204 is slotted longitudinally 5
on diametrically opposite sides as at 206 and upon the same is mounted a flanged
collar 207 provided on diametrically opposite sides with fixed pins 208 which enter

page_text: the slots 206 in the hub or bearing. 209 is a lever pivoted vertically at 210 on a
stand extending upwardly from the end bar and the platen carrier, and at the
inner or rear end of said lever is attached a pin 211 that has a depending head
or shoulder 212 which is accommodated in the groove formed between the flanges
of the collar 207, and the said lever at its forward end is fashioned into a finger
piece 213. When said lever is pressed rearward or in the direction of the arrow
at Figure 23, the shouldered or headed pin 211 moves inwardly and causes the
collar 207 to slide upon the hub or bearing 204, and the pins 208 on the said
collar acting against the end of the short sleeve 203, cause the said sleeve to push
the cone 200 inwardly against its spring and to break the frictional contact thereof
with the hub of the ratchet wheel, and when this has been done the shaft may be
turned independently of said ratchet wheel. The opposite or left-hand end of
the shaft is rigidly attached to a head 214 which in turn is firmly secured to the
platen core and hence when the shaft is turned, while the cone is held out of engage-
ment with the hub, the said platen is caused to thereby turn independently upon
the cylindrical portion of the hub and this rotative movement of the platen may
be affected to any desired degree or extent, since at this time it will be observed
it is entirely free of the line spacing mechanism and its ratchet wheel. When the
pressure upon the lever 209 is released the spring 201 causes the cone to return
into frictional engagement with the ratchet wheel and the sleeve 203, collar 207
and actuating lever 209 all to return to their normal positions in which the platen
and the ratchet wheel are adapted to turn together in unison either by means of
the line space lever or by means of the hand wheels on the platen shaft.
The line spacing mechanism is of ordinary construction and may be briefly
described as in consisting of a rock shaft or lever 215 having a handle at its for-
ward end and a spring actuated driving pawl 216 at its rear end adapted when the
rock shaft is turned to engage with the teeth on the side of the ratchet wheel, and
thereby turn the platen step by step regular distances, the driving pawl going out
of engagement when the line spacing lever or rock shaft is released, but the platen
being held against accidental rotation by means of the spring-pressed hold-fast
or plunger 195 as usual. On the back rod 174 of the platen carrier is firmly
secured opposite near each end of the platen a depending hanger 217, and at the
lower end of these hangers is mounted a rod 218 which also takes a bearing in the
left-hand end bar of the platen frame, and at its extremity said end bar is provided
with a crank or hand piece 219 by which said rod may be rocked slightly for a
purpose which will presently appear. Behind each hanger 217 is a thin flexible
arm or hanger 220 which is connected to said hanger 217 by means of a screw 221
which supports said arm, and the latter is caused to bear against the lower or free
end of the hanger 217 and against the back rod 174 of the platen carrier by means
of a bowed or curved plate spring 222 supported upon said screw 221, and by
which it is caused to press against said arm 220 at the points mentioned. At the
lowermost or free end of said arms 220 are hooks to receive the journals 223 of
the rear feed roll 224, which extends for nearly the whole length of the plater and
is normally pressed up against the same or against any intervening paper by means
of the pressure springs 222. The rod 218 is provided at points opposite the flexible
arm 220 with pins or blades 224" for the purpose of moving said arms rearwardly
when the said rod is rocked by means of its crank handle 219 and thus forcing the
feed roll 224 away from the platen as indicated by the dotted lines at Figure 5,
and thereby facilitating the introduction and removal of the sheets of paper.
Upon release of the crank handle the spring 222, of course, restores these parts
to their normal positions. The desired pressure of the springs may be readily
obtained by adjusting the screw 221.
On the outer side of each hanger 217 and loosely supported upon the rocking
rod 218 is a clip 225 to which is attached the upper end of an arm 226 whose
lower end is formed integral with or attached to a sheet metal scale bar 227 graduated
to correspond with the scale on the margin stop bar, and also to correspond with
the front scale 228 for which is a hinged pointer 229 on the supporting bar 185:

page_text: The scale 228 shows the progress and position of the platen carriage when it is
down and the scale 227 its position when the platen carrier is turned up.
On the front bar of the platen carrier are two paper guides each constructed
and supported like the other and shown more clearly in Figures 1, 4 and 6. The
front bar of the platen carrier is T-shaped in cross section and on to this bar is
secured a U-shaped sheet metal clip 230 which firmly grips the said bar by means
of clamping screws 231. The said clip is provided with an integral downwardly
extending portion 232 which at its free end it is bent around into the form of an
eye, and through this eye and through coinciding eyes in a small roll hanger 233
is passed a hinge pin 234. At the lower end of the hinged roll hanger is a small
feed roll 235 which projects through an opening in a curved paper guide 236
whose shank or supporting portion 237 is riveted to the downwardly projecting
portion 232 of the clip. On the front side of said downwardly projecting
portion 232 is attached one end of a spring 238 whose lower end bears against a
tongue 239 on the hinged roller bracket 233, and the said spring operates to hold
said feed roller 235 pressed against the platen or against the paper thereon when
it may be desired to have said roller operate. But when it may be desired to
throw the roller into disuse its hinged frame or holder is swung forwardly to the
dotted line position shown at Figure 4, and then the tongue 239 engages with a
notch or bend in the spring 238 and the roll holder is thereby locked out of
operative relation to the platen. The roll holder may be conveniently thrown
into and out of working position by means of a small handle 240 which may form
an extension of the pivot of the roll.
Fixedly mounted at about the middle of the front bar of the platen frame is an
additional guide 241 for the central portion of the sheet of paper, which guide is
pivoted at 242 in a small bracket 243 screwed upon said front bar. The pivot 242
passes through a block 244 soldered on the back of the guide and the said block
is formed with two beveled faces which are acted upon by a spring-pressed pin 245
which is adapted to hold said guide in either of the two positions to which it may
be adjusted, the pin being mounted to slide transversely in the front rod of the
frame, which at this locality is widened and slotted vertically and supports at its
lower portion the wheel 181. (See Figure 3).
For the purpose of guiding the paper properly in between the platen and the
feed roller 224 there are a number of strips of metal 246 attached each at one end
to the platen carrier back bar 174 and at its other lower end to the rock shaft 218.
(See Figures 1 and 3). In addition to this guiding means the platen carrier in
practice is provided with the usual paper table, not shown.
The ribbon mechanism will now be described, reference being had more par-
ticularly to Figures 3 and 15 to 21 inclusive.
Means are provided for moving the ribbon step-by-step in the direction of its
length from one spool to another, also for moving it step-by-step in the direction
of its width and also for automatically reversing the longitudinal travel of the
ribbon at or near the end of the unwinding of either spool.
247 is a fixed shaft or axis upon which the carriage spring drum 84 rotates and
the forward end of this axis is reduced in diameter to receive the hub of a verti-
cally-arranged disk or wheel 248 having a circular flange 249 whose periphery is
formed with a series of fine teeth 250 with which engage a driving pawl 251 pivoted
upon the face of the spring drum and provided with a hand piece 252 and a hold
ing spring 253, the spring operating normally to keep the pawl in engagement
with the ratchet teeth so as to drive the wheel with and during the rotation of the
spring drum in the direction of the arrow at Figure 16, the drum turning in this
direction during the travel of the carriage from right to left in the printing of a
line. During the retraction of the carriage and the rotation of the drum in the
opposite direction the pawl 251 slides idly over the teeth of the wheel 248, and
hence the wheel remains stationary at this time, a pivoted gravity pawl 254 extend
ing from the framework and engaging with said wheel to positively prevent i
from turning backward at this time under any excessive friction. The pawl 25

page_text: may be thrown out of engagement with the ratchet wheel by swinging the finger
piece 252 towards said wheel and the free end of the spring is hook shaped so as
to catch a small lateral pin on the finger piece and hold the pawl out of such
engagement. When this is effected the ratchet wheel remains always at rest
and since it controls the entire ribbon moving mechanism the latter is rendered
inoperative although the machine may be otherwise operated, which is sometimes
desired, namely, when it may be desired to use the machine for what is known as
mimeograph work wherein the ribbon is entirely dispensed with. In other machines
it is necessary to remove the ribbon from the machine when this class of work
is to be performed, but in the present machine it is only essential to throw the
pawl 251 out of relation with the ratchet wheel and then to move the ribbon out of
the field of action of the type bars.
Fast on the hub of the ratchet wheel 248 or otherwise secured thereto is a heart-
shaped cam 255 which operates a connecting rod or strap 256 provided with two
pins 257 having small anti-friction rolls which embrace the cam on diametrically
opposite sides of its center of rotation, the rod or strap being formed with a longi-
tudinal slot 258 embracing the hub of the ratchet wheel, so that the strap may be
reciprocated vertically by the said cam and pins. The lower end of the strap is
pivoted at 259 to the extremity of the rear arm of an inverted T-shaped lever 260
secured upon a rock shaft 261 extending across the machine and to the opposite
or right hand end of said rock shaft is secured a bent lever 262. To the extremity
of the forward arm of the lever 260 is pivoted at 263 the lower end of a connecting
rod 264 which is formed with a quarter twist within its length and with a lateral
outward bend 265 and with an upwardly extending portion 266 that is provided
with teeth to constitute a rack 267 to engage with a pinion or toothed wheel 268,
to be presently referred to again.
The shorter or substantially horizontal arm of the bent lever 262 is likewise
pivotally connected at 269 to the lower end of a similar rod 270 arranged at the
right-hand side of the machine and likewise provided with a vertical toothed
rack 271 to engage with a similar pinion or toothed wheel 272.
The upright or vertical arm of the T-shaped lever 260 is forked at its upper
end to embrace a pin 273 on a ribbon spool frame or carrier 274, and the opposite
vertical arm 262 is likewise forked at its upper end to embrace a similar pin 273
on a like ribbon spool frame or carrier 274 on the right-hand side of the machine
and in a manner such that both said ribbon spool frames are connected together
and caused to move in unison and within or surrounded. or embraced by each
ribbon spool frame so as to be carried thereby is a ribbon spool. Since each ribbon
spool is constructed and mounted alike a description of one will suffice for both.
Referring now more particularly to the left-hand side of the machine and
especially to Figure 20 where the parts are shown in section, 275 is a ribbon spool
shaft which is preferably made in two parts to facilitate construction and assem-
blage. The inner or rear end of the shaft as a whole is formed with a depression
into which projects a pin 276 on the inner end of the axis 247 of the spring drum
and ratchet wheel, the said pin serving as a journal for this end of the shaft. The
outermost end of the two-part shaft is supported and turns in a bushing or
bearing 277 fitted in a socket formed in the framework. This portion 275" of the
shaft is plain or cylindrical for substantially its whole length and at its inner end
is provided with a small pin 278 which enters a depression at the outer end of
the main section of the shaft and serves to hold the two sections centrally together
or in alignment, and the inner end of the section 275" is formed with a tongue 279
which enters a groove at the extremity of the main section of the shaft, so that by
the said tongue and groove connection both sections of the shaft are adapted to
turn together. The main or inner section of the shaft is formed longitudinally
with three grooves 280 in each of which grooves is arranged a pair of anti-friction
balls 281. Surrounding the said several pairs of anti-friction balls is a sleeve 282
which is slotted longitudinally in three lines as at 283 coincident with the grooves
in the shaft, so that the several pairs of anti-friction balls protrude through said
.

page_text: slots as shown at Figures 18 and 20 and are thereby guided and maintained in
proper position relatively to the said shaft, and at the same time the shaft is so
connected to the sleeve as that when the shaft is turned the sleeve turns with it
through the medium of the several sets of balls. At about the middle of the
sleeve 282 is a circular band 284 formed by the uncut portion of the sleeve and
surrounding this band and like bands at the ends of the sleeve is a second but
plain sleeve or tube 285 which bridges over or covers the slots formed in the
interior tube; or in other words, the tube 285 completely surrounds or encases
the slotted tube 282 and is secured thereto and to the tubular core 286 of the
ribbon spool by means of screws 287, these several devices being so attached
together as that when the inner tube is turned through the medium of the balls
the outer tube and the ribbon spool are turned in unison therewith. The ribbon.
spool comprises in addition to the said hollow core flanges or heads 288 and 289
between which heads and the sides of the ribbon spool frame 274 are located
washers 290.
The ribbon 291 is attached to one of the ribbon spools from which it is passed by
over an anti-friction roller 292 mounted in the ribbon frame; thence over another
similar roller 293 at the top of said frame; thence across the type ring and down
over similar rollers at the other side of the machine where the opposite end of the
ribbon is then attached to the ribbon spool thereat.
Each ribbon spool or frame is preferably provided with a vertically-disposed
anti-friction roll 294 which travels against the inner edge of a slot 295 in the top
plate so as to reduce the friction of the ribbon spool frame as much as possible
in its transverse movements, this reduction of the friction however, taking place
more particularly at the ribbon spool shaft where the ball bearings are arranged.
The shaft section 275" is preferably provided with a handle 296 by which the
shaft and the spool may be turned by hand if desired so as to wind the ribbon
rapidly from one spool to another and to facilitate the exchange of ribbons. Just
back of the crank handle 296 is a pivoted hook 297 which may engage a shouldered
neck on the outer end of the shaft section 275ª so as to keep said section normally
in engagement with the main grooved section of the shaft, but when it may be.
desired to separate these parts the hook may be swung aside and the section 275"
withdrawn from its bearings, thus freeing the grooved section of the shaft and
permitting it to be removed from the machine and the spool to be detached there-
from. Preferably at each end of each groove in the shaft is a pin 298 which pre-
vents accidental separation of the shaft and the spool in assembling and dis-
assembling the parts and hence prevents the escape and loss of the several pairs
of anti-friction balls which might otherwise ensue in careless handling of the
parts.
Turning now to the rack and pinion 267-268 and rack and pinion 271-272,
the pinions are mounted loosely on the bushing 277 and are both adapted to be
turned constantly during the up and down movements of their respective racks.
These rotative movements of the pinion communicate rotatory movement to their
ribbon spool shafts by the means now to be described; the said means being
identically alike at each side of the machine, a description of one will suffice for
both.
299 is a long pin depending from the top plate upon which is pivotally mounted
a lever-like frame comprising a vertical member 300, a forwardly-projecting
arm 301 at the upper end thereof and a laterally-projecting arm 302 at the lower
end thereof and terminating in a direction practically at right angles to the ribbon
spool shaft. (See Figure 17). Also projecting laterally from the arm 300
of said frame is a fork 303 which engages with a flanged collar
sleeve 304 mounted on the grooved section of the ribbon spool
shaft. Pivoted in an ear on said collar is a pawl 305 projecting in
the direction of a set of ratchet teeth 306 formed on the inner side or face of the
pinion and when said pawl is in engagement with said set of ratchet teeth or crown
ratchet wheel the shaft upon which said pawl is mounted is caused to rotate. The
or

page_text: said pawl carrying collar is connected to said shaft by means of a slot and feather
or tongue and groove construction in a manner such that while the shaft and
collar are obliged to turn always together the collar may nevertheless be slid
lengthwise on said shaft for the purpose of effecting the engagement and dis-
engagement of this pawl, as will presently more fully appear, the feather or
tongue 307 (Figure 20) being preferably driven into the shaft and a slight pro-
truding portion thereof engaging a groove formed longitudinally in the collar.
The teeth of the ratchet wheel 306 are so cut or shaped in the machine as
shown as that when the rack moves upwardly and turns its pinion and hence the
ratchet wheel, the pawl in engagement therewith will be carried around thereby
and the pawl being on the collar and the collar being splined to the shaft, the
shaft will therefore also turn and cause its ribbon spool to turn with these parts,
and at this time the ribbon will be wound upon its spool, the opposite spool at
this moment being out of engagement with its driving mechanism and rotating
freely to pay off the ribbon therefrom. But the form or construction of the
ratchet teeth is such that when the rack descends the ratchet wheel slides idly over
the pawl which remains at rest, and hence at this time there is no rotative move-
ment of either the shaft or the ribbon spool. As the rack is in constant mesh with
its pinion and the pinion and ratchet wheel are formed integral or connected
together, the said pinion and ratchet wheel are caused to turn first in one direction
and then in the other as the rack reciprocates, the mesh between the rack and
pinion being maintained constantly by means of. a guide roll 308 mounted on a
small bracket 309 attached to the said plate.
Owing to the fact that when the rack descends there is no rotative movement
of the shaft and spool, the ribbon in consequence is not at this time wound upon
either spool, but the ribbon does not remain stationary during this downward
movement, of the rack bar for at this time the rocker arms 260 and 202 are vibrat-
ing and causing the ribbon carriers, ribbon spools and ribbon to move transversely
or laterally towards the front of the machine, and hence a new portion or field of
the ribbon is thus always brought over the impression point and the surface of
the ribbon is being utilized in a line substantially at right angles to the edges
of the ribbon. Inasmuch as the rocker arms 260 and 262 are always vibrating during
the downward travel of the carriage at all stages of operation of the keys, the ribbon
is consequently always moving at such times in the direction of its width, but
when the ribbon is moving backwardly the surface thereof is being used in lines
oblique to the edges of the ribbon owing to the fact that during such backward
movement of the ribbon the rack is ascending, and hence at the same time the
ribbon spool is being rotated and the ribbon therefore moving in the direction
of its length as well as in the direction of its width. Thus it will be understood
that the ribbon surface is used alternately in transverse and oblique lines and a
fresh surface is always brought to the printing point. It may be remarked hero
that owing to the mode of connection between the spring drum and the ratchet-
wheel 250 there is no movement of the said ratchet wheel or its cam and hence
none of the crosswise ribbon moving mechanism during the retractive movements
of the paper carriage or return movements of the latter towards the right as for
the beginning of a new line, and hence the ribbon remains absolutely stationary
at this time, thus providing for its use in continuous lines without substantial
interruption or waste of surface.
The pawls which are acted upon by the ratchet wheels 306 are connected
together in such a manner that when one pawl is in engagement with its associated
ratchet wheel the other pawl is out of engagement with its wheel, and thus alternate
engagement and disengagement of the said pawls and ratchet wheels may be
effected either by hand or by the automatic means to be presently described.
The pawls are connected together by means of a switch rod or shifter 3.10 which
extends across the machine and is pivotally connected at its ends to the forwardiy
extending arms 301, the arrangement being such that when either of the laterally
projecting arms 302 is moving towards its associated ratchet wheel and through
C

page_text: the fork and collar, its pawl is moved into engagement with said wheel, the
associated arm 301 is vibrated inwardly and causes the shifter rod to slide endwise
and move the opposite arm 301 outwardly and thereby cause a vibration of the
iever frame of which it is a part and a movement of its associated pawl rearward
or away from its associated ratchet wheel to correspond with the movement of
the lateral arm 302, thus putting one ribbon spool into gear for winding up the
ribbon and the other one out of gear for paying off the ribbon. For the purpose
of holding the shifting bar or switch 310 and the pawls in and out of engagement
as desired, there is a spring mounted roller 311 which engages with a double
acting cam or incline 312 on said bar and which construction also tends to com-
plete the shifting action, it being only necessary to move the point of the double
incline slightly past the center of the roll whereupon the spring arm 313 carrying
said roll will effect the remainder of the movement.
While this shifting in and out of the pawls may be effected by hand means
are nevertheless provided for performing this operation automatically. The said
means are shown best at Figures 20 and 21, whereat 314 is a lever or arm pivoted
at 315 within the core or hollow axle of the ribbon spool and one head 289 of said
spool is slotted at 316 for the protrusion of the free end of said lever, and the
core of said spool is also slotted lengthwise as at 317 to permit the said lever to
drop or fall when the spool has become empty, the lever being held up normally
within the core or body of the spool by the wrapping or folds of the ribbon but
when the ribbon has been entirely unwound and the lever has come around to
the under side of the shaft it will fall by gravity and its protruding end will then
come in line with the laterally extending arm 302 and will strike against said
arm as soon as the ribbon carrier moves the arm 314 far enough forward for this
purpose. When the arm 302 is thus struck the lever or bell crank frame, of
which the arm 302 forms a part, will be vibrated and its associated collar will be
carried forward by its fork and the pawl mounted thereon will be caused to engage
its ratchet wheel, and simultaneously through the arms 301 and shifter bar 310
and the lever frame at the opposite side of the machine, the other pawl will be
automatically disengaged from its ratchet wheel and the longitudinal travel of
the ribbon will thus be reversed. As long as the pivoted arm or lever 314 is
held up by the folds or coils of the ribbon its free operating end is held above the
plane of the arm 302, and hence is incapable of actuating said arm 302, during
the back and forth movements of the ribbon spool carrier.
The ribbon may be further guided and supported by a ribbon plate 318 extend-
ing across the top plate and supported at its ends upon the axes of the rollers 293,
the said ribbon plate being preferably hinged at its left-hand end and hooked at
its right-hand end so that it may be conveniently swung up with the ribbon to
enable the types to be cleaned and for purposes of repair, etc.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:―
1. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a key lever, a draw bar
arranged thereover, a link connecting said key lever and said draw bar, a pair of 4
obliquely-arranged links pivotally mounted above said key lever and supporting
at their free ends the said draw bar, a type bar, and a connecting rod between said
type bar and said draw bar.
2. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a key lever pivoted at the
rear of the machine and extending to the front, a draw bar arranged thereover, a 5
link connected at one end to said draw bar between its ends and connected at its
other end to said key lever between its ends, a pair of obliquely-arranged links
for supporting said draw bar, a connecting rod and a type bar.
3. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a series of key levers of
different lengths and all having a common axis of vibration at the rear of the 5
machine, a series of draw bars of uniform length arranged over the series of key

page_text: levers, a series of links 7 connecting said draw bars and key levers substantially
as shown and described, and a series of obliquely-arranged links 11 having a
common pivot or fulcrum bar 12 for supporting the front ends of said draw bars,
a series of obliquely-arranged links 14 having a common pivot or fulcrum bar 15
for supporting the rear ends of said draw bars, a series of connecting rods attached
at varying points to the said series of draw bars, and a series of circularly-arranged
type bars.
4. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a series of key levers, a series
of draw bars mounted thereover and pivotally supported upon obliquely-arranged
links, connections between said draw bars and said key levers, a series of type
bars connected to said draw bars, a universal bar arranged transversely under the
series of draw bars so as to be directly actuated thereby and provided with arms
attached to a transverse rock shaft, an escapement mechanism, a vertically-arranged
escapement rod, and an arm extending from said transverse rock shaft to said
escapement rod.
5. In a typewriting machine and in a type movement substantially as described,
the combination with the draw bars, of a universal bar arranged thereunder and
connected to a transverse rock shaft, an arm extending from said rock shaft, an
upright escapement rod connected to said arm, an escapement mechanism, an
arm 102 on said rock shaft, and an adjustable stop for determining the upward
movement of said escapement rod and the extent of engagement of the escapement
dogs.
6. In a typewriting machine, the combination of an escapement mechanism, a
vertically-arranged escapement rod having a head or flange at its lower end and
a spacing device comprising two connected independently pivoted lever frames,
the rearmost frame having a lip for engaging said head or flange on the escape-
ment rod.
7. In a typewriting machine, the combination of an escapement mechanism, a
vertically-arranged escapement rod having a head or flange at its lower end, a
transverse rock shaft, a rocker arm extending forwardly therefrom and connected
to a vertical slot at the lower end of said escapement rod, a universal bar attached
by arms to said transverse rock shaft, draw bars acting on said universal bar, key
levers connected to said draw bars, connecting rods, and type bars, and a spacing
device comprising two independently pivoted lever frames, the rearmost frame
having a lip for engaging said head or flange on the escapement rod, the con-
struction being such that the escapement rod may be actuated either through the
universal bar when the character key levers are depressed and independently when
the space key is depressed.
8. In a typewriting machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination
with an escapement wheel, of a movable dog so mounted and arranged that when
released from one tooth of the wheel it immediately takes a position in the path
of the next tooth of the wheel before the wheel escapes.
9. In a typewriting machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combina-
tion with an escapement wheel, of a dog pivoted to move in the arc of a circle and
so arranged that when released from one tooth of the wheel it immediately takes
a position in the path of the next tooth of the wheel before the wheel escapes,
and a holding dog to hold said wheel when the movable dog is released.
10. In a typewriting machine, the combination in an escapement mechanism,
of an escapement wheel, a vertically operating escapement rod carrying at its
upper end a pivoted dog which normally engages said wheel and arrests its rota-
tion, a back stop for said dog while it is in engagement with the escapement
wheel,
throw
a spring to
said dog forward when pulled down
out
of engagement with said escapement wheel for moving the point of
said dog into a position where it will engage with the next tooth
5 of said escapement wheel, a front stop for limiting the forward throw
of said dog, a holding dog for engaging said escapement wheel when the
first mentioned or feeding dog is pulled down, a bell crank or bent lever pivoted

page_text: on the frame-work and carrying said holding dog and having one of its arms
pivotally connected to the said escapement rod.
11. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the escapement wheel, of
a bell crank or bent lever pivoted on the frame-work and carrying on one arm a
holding dog and an escapement rod connected to the other arm of said bell crank
or bent lever and carrying a feeding dog.
12. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the escapement wheel, of
a bell crank pivoted on the frame-work, a holding dog carried by one arm thereof,
an escapement rod connected to the other arm of said bell crank, a feeding dog
pivoted upon said escapement rod and having a lateral extension 58 and a pro-
jection 58, the pin 59 and also the stop 61 on said rod and the intervening
spring 60.
13. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the escapement wheel, of
a bell crank pivoted to the frame and carrying on one arm a holding dog, an
escapement rod connected to the other arm of said bell crank and carrying a
feeding dog, the spring 89 and the link 90 connected to the holding dog arm of
said bell crank.
14. In a typewriting machine, the combination in an escapement mechanism,
with an escapement wheel connected to a pinion shaft by a pawl and ratchet
mechanism so as to turn always in one direction, of the spring-pressed arm 91 for
positively preventing any reverse rotative movement of said escapement wheel.
15. In a typewriting machine, a pair of independent hangers mounted one over
the other with an intervening washer and also with a washer upon the topmost
hanger, a single screw passing through said hangers and washers and clamping
the same upon the top plate, each hanger having at its inner end a pivoted type
bar.
16. In a typewriting machine, a plurality of pairs of adjacent hangers, elongated
washers extending over the series and resting upon the lower hanger of each pair,
a second washer extending over the series and resting upon the upper hanger of
each pair, a single screw for each pair of hangers and washers and engaging the top
plate or support, the inner end of each hanger being provided with a pivoted
type bar.
17. In a typewriting machine, a pair of independent type bar hangers, one
hanger arranged above the other, type bars pivotally mounted in the hangers with
their pivots in different vertical planes and at an angle to each other and the
pivots of said type bars being also inclined or oblique relatively to a horizontal
plane.
18. In a typewriting machine, a pair of hangers, one hanger arranged above the
other, a pivot at the inner end of each hanger arranged at an angle to a horizontal
plane, the pivot of the upper hanger being arranged farther back than the pivot
of the lower hanger and the vertical planes of the pivots being at angles to each
other, a type bar attached to each pivot and in a different vertical plane, and the
upper type bar having a bend to embrace the pivot of the lower type bar.
19. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having a feed
rack, a swinging bracket having a pivot arranged at right angles to said rack, a
shaft parallel with the said pivot carried by the free end of said bracket, a pinion
on the inner end of said shaft to engage with said rack, an escapement wheel at
the outer end of said shaft to co-operate with the escapement dogs, a release key,
and connections therefrom to the said bracket whereby the said shaft is carried
bodily downward, substantially at right angles to the rack, to effect a disengage-
ment between said rack and its pinion.
20. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having a feed
rack, a swinging bracket having a pivot arranged at right angles to said bracket
and carrying at its free end a shaft parallel with said pivot, a pinion on one end
of said shaft to engage the said rack, and an escapement wheel on the other end of
said shaft to co-operate with the escapement dogs, a swinging arm whose pivot
is arranged at right angles to that of the said bracket, a connection between said

page_text: arm and said bracket, and a release key mechanism acting first upon said arm
through the said connection and then upon said bracket.
21. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having a feed rack,
a swinging bracket whose pivot is arranged at right angles to said feed rack, a
shaft mounted to rotate in the free end of said bracket, a pinion on one end of said
shaft and an escapement wheel on the other end, an arm whose pivot is arranged
at right angles to said shaft and to the pivot of said bracket, a connection between
said arm and said bracket, and a release bar supported upon the carriage and
adapted to depress said arm and bracket.
22. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having a feed rack,
a swinging bracket whose pivot is arranged at right angles to said feed rack, a
shaft mounted to rotate in the free end of said bracket, a pinion on one end of
said shaft and an escapement wheel on the other end, an arm whose pivot is
arranged at right angles to said shaft and to the pivot of said bracket, a connec-
tion between said arm and said bracket, a release bar hung by obliquely-arranged
links to the said carriage and provided with guiding means, and a finger piece.
23. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having a feed rack,
a swinging bracket whose pivot is arranged at right angles to said feed rack, a
shaft mounted to rotate in the free end of said bracket, a pinion on one end of
said shaft and an escapement wheel on the other end, an arm whose pivot is
arranged at right angles to said shaft and to the pivot of said bracket, a connec-
tion between said arm and said bracket, a release bar hung on said carriage and
having a flange, and a release key having a crank arm for acting upon said flange
to depress the bar the arm and the swinging bracket.
24. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having a feed rack,
a swinging bracket whose pivot is arranged at right angles to said feed rack, a
shaft mounted to rotate in the free end of said bracket, a pinion on one end of
said shaft and an escapement wheel on the other end, an arm whose pivot is
arranged at right angles to said shaft and to the pivot of said bracket, a connec-
tion between said arm and said bracket, a release bar hung by obliquely-arranged
links in said carriage and having a horizontal flange, a rock shaft mounted in the
platen carrier and having at one end a finger key and at its opposite end a crank
arm adapted to act upon said flange.
25. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, a feed rack, a
pinion and an escapement mechanism, of means for separating said rack and
pinion comprising a release bar having a horizontal flange and mounted so as to
be depressed, and a rock shaft mounted in a hinged platen carrier and having at
one end a key and at the other end a crank arm adapted to act on the flange of
the release bar when the platen carrier is in its normal or working position.
26. In a typewriting machine, the combination of the pivoted arm 104 on the
frame-work carrying the stop block 124, a release key therefor, the toothed bar 123
on the carriage, the margin stop 126 adjustably mounted on said toothed bar and
having the projecting ear 136 constructed at its right-hand side to strike against
the block 124 and arrest the carriage on its return movement and also constructed
on its left-hand side at its lower edge with a rounded or inclined portion adapted
to force down the said block when after depression of the said block by means of
the release key said margin stop has been caused to step over the said block for
the purpose of enabling writing to be done within the margin.
27. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the toothed bar 123 on
the carriage, of a margin stop comprising the rectangular box-like structure
formed at its front side with an ear 136 having a vertical slot and a lever 137
pivoted in said slot and provided at its inner end with a finger 139 and at its outer
end with a finger piece140 and the said ear having also a housing for accommodat-
ing an internal spring 141.
28. In a typewriting machine and in a line locking mechanism, the combination
with the draw bars of the type bar mechanism, of the locking plate or blade for
preventing movement of said draw bars and means for holding said blade in the

page_text: path of movement of said draw bars when the carriage has arrived at a prede-
termined point in the line.
29. In a typewriting machine and in a line locking mechanism, the combination
with the draw bars of the type bar mechanism, of the locking blade, mechanism
for holding said blade against the said draw bars so as to block their movements,
and a device on the carriage for actuating said mechanism when the carriage has
arrived at a predetermined point in the line.
30. In a typewriting machine and in a line locking mechanism, the combina-
tion of a carriage, a contact device thereon as 127, a lever 143 in the path of said
stop having a vertical pivot, a lever 147, a link 149, a bell crank 150, a spring
actuated sliding rod 153, a locking blade 154 and the type bar mechanism.
31. In a typewriting machine, the combination in a line locking mechanism,
of a carriage having a contact, a lever pivoted horizontally and vertically, the
draw bars of the type bar mechanism, the locking blade, connections between said
blade and said lever, and a release key connected to said lever for vibrating it
about its horizontal pivot when it may be desired to release the type bar mechanism
and carriage for additional printing.
32. In a typewriting machine and in a line locking mechanism, the combina-
tion of a carriage, a contact thereon, the lever 143 having a vertical pivot and a
horizontal pivot, the lever 147, the link 149, the bell crank 150, the sliding rod 153,
the locking blade, the draw bars of the type movement, and the release key, the
whole operating substantially as described.
33. In a typewriting machine and in a line locking mechanism, the combination
of a carriage, an actuating stop or contact thereon, a lever as 143 having a vertical
pivot and a horizontal pivot, the type movements, a locking blade therefor con-
nected to said lever, a release key, and a pin extending from said release key to
said lever 143 and vibrating the same out of the path of the actuating stop to un-
lock the line and permit further printing thereon.
34. In a typewriting machine the combination in a line locking mechanism, of
the type movements, the locking blade, the lever 143, having a vertical pivot and
a horizontal pivot, and connected to said locking blade, the arm 104 having the
stop 124 and pin 162, the carriage having a stop as 127, and a release key.
35. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having open or
slotted fixed hooks and open or slotted movable hooks, a platen carrier frame
having a hinge bar adapted to be seated in the slots of both the fixed hooks and
the movable hooks and to be locked therein by rotative movement of the movable
hooks.
36. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having fixed, open
or slotted hooks and movable open or slotted hooks supported axially of or con-
centric with the fixed hooks, and a platen carrier having its hinge rod supported
in said hooks and adapted to be locked therein against detachment therefrom by
a rotative movement of said movable hooks.
37. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having fixed, open
or slotted hooks and movable, open or slotted hooks, a platen carrier having a
hinge rod adapted to be attached to and detached from said hooks when their slots
are arranged in alignment and adapted to be locked against detachment, when
the slots in the movable hooks are turned out of alignment with those in the fixed
hooks.
38. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having one or more
fixed slotted hooks or bearings and one or more movable slotted hooks or bearings,
and a platen carrier having a hinge bar adapted to said hooks.
39. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having one or more
fixed slotted hooks and one or more movable slotted hooks having their bearings
in the fixed slotted hooks, and a platen carrier having a hinge bar adapted to said
hooks.
40. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having one or more
fixed slotted hooks formed with a circular depression and having one or more

page_text: movable slotted hooks formed with a circular wing, and a platen carrier having
a hinge bar adapted to said hooks.
41. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having one or more
fixed slotted hooks and one or more movable slotted hooks having their bearings
therein, the fixed hooks having end slots and the movable hooks pins, and a platen
carrier having a hinge bar adapted to said hooks.
42. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage having a fixed
slotted hook and a movable slotted hook, a hinge bar adapted thereto, and means
for limiting the rotative movement of the movable hook.
43. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a platen carrier, of a front
rail comprising a fixed section and a vertically movable section for varying the
height of the platen.
44. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the platen carrier, of a front
rail comprising a fixed section and a vertically movable section, and a screw engag-
ing the fixed section and having a collar which works in a slot in the movable
section.
45. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the platen carrier, of a
vertically adjustable front carriage rail, a support therefor, and means for raising
and lowering said rail consisting of pins and slots and an actuating screw.
46. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a fixed rail, a vertically
movable rail connected thereto by oblique slots and pins and a screw engaging both
rails and adapted to raise and lower the movable rail.
47. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a fixed rail, a movable rail
connected thereto by inclined slots and pins, a screw entering a tapped hole in
the fixed rail and having a collar which engages a vertical slot in the movable rail.
48. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen having a line space
ratchet wheel and mechanism for rotating the same, the ratchet wheel being
loosely connected to the platen and the said ratchet wheel having a hub which is
cylindrical on the outside and tapering on the inside, a platen shaft rigidly con-
nected to the platen at the opposite end, a cone on said shaft and a spring for
pressing said cone normally in contact with said conical hub whereby the platen
and its ratchet wheel and the shaft are all caused to turn together normally when
the line spacing mechanism is operated, and means for separating the contact
between said cone and said hub for releasing the ratchet wheel and enabling the
platen to be turned independently thereof and of its actuating mechanism.
49. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen having a hollow
core, a ratchet wheel loosely connected thereto and having a hub upon which said
core is mounted, the said hub being tapered interiorly, means for driving said
ratchet wheel, a shaft passing through said core and rigidly connected to the platen
at one end, a cone on said shaft, a spring for normally holding said cone in
frictional contact with the hub of the ratchet wheel, a sleeve on said shaft, and
a lever acting on said sleeve to move the cone endwise on said shaft and thus
release the ratchet wheel from the platen whereby the shaft and the platen may
be turned independently of said ratchet wheel.
50. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen having a hollow
core, a ratchet wheel having a hub that enters said core at one end, a shaft which
passes through said ratchet wheel and core and is rigidly connected at its opposite
end to said platen, a cone slidably mounted on said shaft for engaging the taper-
ing interior of said hub, a spring for effecting such engagement, a sleeve on said
shaft, a slotted hub or bearing projecting outwardly from said ratchet wheel and
surrounding said sleeve, a flanged collar surrounding said hub or bearing and
provided with means to engage said sleeve, and an actuating lever connected to
said flanged collar.
51. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen having a hollow
core, a ratchet wheel loosely connected to one end thereof and having an inwardly
projecting hub that is tapered interiorly, the shaft, the cone thereon for frictionally

page_text: engaging said hub, and a lever for breaking such engagement whereby the platen
may be turned independently of its ratchet wheel.
52. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of pinions connected thereto, and a pair of reciprocating racks, for
revolving said pinions and causing the ribbon spools to rotate.
53. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pair of pinions for rotating the same and
a pair of reciprocating racks.
54. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pair of pinions, a pair of reciprocating
racks for rotating said pinions, and means for communicating the motions of said
pinions to the said shafts and spools.
55. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pair of pinions, a pair of reciprocating racks
and pawl and ratchet mechanism between said pinions and said shafts for trans-
mitting the motions of said pinions to said shafts and spools.
56. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pair of pinions, a pair of reciprocating
racks, a ratchet wheel connected to each pinion, and 'a pawl connected to each
shaft.
57. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, racks and pinions, and pawls and ratchets for
turning said shafts and spools, a spring drum, and intermediate means for recipro-
cating said racks.
58. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pinion, a ratchet wheel and a pawl for each
shaft, a rack co-operating with each pinion, a rock shaft, levers thereon for recipro-
cating said racks, a spring drum, and means connected to said drum and to said
rock shaft for reciprocating said racks.
59. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pinion, a ratchet wheel and a pawl for each
shaft, a rack for rotating each pinion, a rock shaft, levers or arms secured thereto
and connected to said rack, a spring drum, a cam, a connecting rod actuated
thereby, and an arm on said rock shaft attached to said connecting rod.
60. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a ribbon spool, a
ribbon spool shaft, a pawl connected thereto to rotate therewith, a ratchet wheel
to engage said pawl and turn said shaft when the said ratchet wheel rotates in
one direction, but to slip idly over the said pawl without rotating the shaft when
it turns in the opposite direction, and means for turning said ratchet wheel first
in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
61. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a ribbon spool
a ribbon spool shaft, a pawl connected thereto to rotate therewith, a ratchet wheel
to engage said pawl and turn said shaft when the said ratchet wheel rotates in one
direction, but to slip idly over the said pawl without rotating the shaft when it
turns in the opposite direction, a pinion connected to said ratchet wheel, and a
reciprocating rack always in engagement with said pinion and operating to turn
it first in one direction and then in the reverse direction.
62. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a ribbon spool, a ribbon
spool shaft, a pawl connected thereto to rotate therewith, a ratchet wheel to engage
said pawl and turn said shaft when the said ratchet wheel rotates in one direction,
but to slip idly over the said pawl without rotating the shaft when it turns in the
opposite direction, a pinion connected to said ratchet wheel, a reciprocating rack,
means for keeping said rack always in engagement with said pinion, and means
for reciprocating said rack.
63. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a ribbon, a ribbon spool, a
ribbon spool shaft, a pawl connected thereto to rotate therewith, a ratchet wheel
to engage said pawl and turn said shaft when the said ratchet wheel rotates in

page_text: one direction; but to slip idly over the said pawl without rotating the shaft when it
turns in the opposite direction, a pinion connected to said ratchet wheel, a reciprocat-
ing rack means for keeping said rack always in engagement with said pinion, a
lever connected to said rack, a connecting rod attached to said lever, a cam for
operating said connecting rod, and means for rotating said cam connected to the
carriage driving drum.
64. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a ribbon spool, a
ribbon spool shaft, a pawl connected to said shaft, a. ratchet wheel for engaging
said pawl and turning said shaft, means for rotating said ratchet wheel first in one
direction and then in the opposite direction, and means for disengaging said pawl
and ratchet wheel.
65. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pawl connected to each ribbon. spool shaft
to turn the same, a ratchet wheel for each pawl, means for connecting said pawls
together so that when one pawl, is in engagement with its ratchet wheel the other
pawl is out of engagement with its ratchet wheel, a pinion connected with each
ratchet wheel, a pair of connected racks operating to rotate said pinions and ratchet
wheels first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
T
66. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, each carrying,a, rotatory pawl a ratchet wheel
adapted to engage and drive each pawl, means for rotating said ratchet wheels, a
lever frame connected to each pawl for engaging it with and disengaging it from
its associated ratchet wheel, and a connecting .bar, attached to each lever frame
whereby when one pawl is put into engagement, with its associated ratchet wheel
the other pawl is put out of engagement with its associated ratchet wheel.
67. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon,, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pawl connected to each ribbon spool shaft,
a ratchet wheel for driving each pawl, a rack and pinion for driving each ratchet
wheel, means for connecting said racks together and to the spring drum, a lever
frame connected to each pawl for moving it into and out of engagement with its
ratchet wheel, and means for connecting together said lever frames whereby when
one pawl is put into engagement the other is put out of engagement.
68. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a collar splined on each shaft and carrying a
pawl, a ratchet wheel for engaging each pawl, a rack and pinion for driving the
same, and a switch mechanism connected to said collars for alternately engaging
said pawls with their ratchet wheels.
69. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a collar splined on each shaft and carrying a
pawl, a ratchet wheel for engaging each pawl, a. rack and pinion for driving the
same, and a switch mechanism comprising the two, vertically pivoted lever frames 300
having forks connected to said collars, the connecting bar 310, the cams 312,
and the spring arm 313.
70. In a typewriting machine, the, combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts,, means for moving the ribbon spools endwise,
a device arranged within each spool and held in normally by the folds of the ribbon,
means for rotating the spools, a,switch mechanism for controlling the spool rotating
means and adapted to be actuated automatically, by either of the devices within the
spools when either of the spools becomes empty, and its associated device is per-
mitted to move outwardly and into the plane of the switch,mechanism.
71. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, each containing an arm or lever held in normally by the folds of the rib-
bon but adapted to move outwardly when the spool becomes empty, a pair of ribbon
spool shafts means for moving the, spools endwise on their shafts, means for rotating
said shafts, a switch mechanism for controlling the rotating means and adapted to
he actuated alternately by the arms or levers in the spools when said arms are
released by the ribbon and are carried over into contact with said switch mechanism

page_text: by the endwise movements of the spool, whereby the direction of rotation of the
spools is automatically reversed and the longitudinal movement of the ribbon is
likewise reversed.
72. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools each containing an arm or lever held in normally by the folds of the ribbon
and adapted to move outwardly when the spool becomes empty, means for rotating
the spool, a switch mechanism for controlling the spool rotating means and com-
prising a pair of connected lever frames having each an arm, and means for moving
the spools endwise, whereby when either of the levers or arms within the spools is
released and is carried over into contact with either of the arms on the connected
switch frames, said frames are actuated and the spool rotating means is reversed and
the ribbon caused to travel longitudinally in the reverse or opposite direction.
73. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pair of ribbon spool carriers, a pair of con-
nected levers operated from the spring drum for moving the ribbon carriers and
spools endwise, an arm or lever 314 in each spool, means for rotating the spools,
and a pair of connected lever frames having each an arm 302 adapted to be acted
upon by its associated arm or lever 314.
74. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pair of ribbon spool carriers, a pair of
connected levers actuated from the spring drum for moving said ribbon carriers
and spools endwise, a lever 314 in each ribbon spool, a pawl on each ribbon spool
shaft, a ratchet wheel for driving each pawl, a rack and pinion for rotating each
ratchet wheel, and a pair of connected lever frames for moving said pawls in oppo-
site directions, and having each an arm 302 to co-operate with its associated
lever 314.
75. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pair of ribbon spool carriers, a pair of con-
nected levers actuated by a spring drum for moving said carriers and ribbon
spools end-wise, a pawl and ratchet mechanism for driving each shaft, and a rack
and pinion mechanism for driving the pawl and ratchet mechanism and con-
nected to the levers which move the spools and carriers endwise.
76. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pair of ribbon 'spool carriers a pair of con-
nected levers actuated by a spring drum for moving said carriers and ribbon spools
end-wise, a pawl and ratchet mechanism for driving each shaft, and a rack and
pinion mechanism for driving the pawl and ratchet mechanism and connected to
the levers which move the spools and carriers endwise, a switch mechanism, and
a lever in each ribbon spool controlled by the folds of the ribbon for actuating
said switch mechanism.
77. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a pair of ribbon
spools, a pair of ribbon spool shafts, a pair of ribbon spool carriers, a rock shaft 261,
a pair of levers connected thereto and to the ribbon spool carriers, a spring drum,
a cam connected thereto, a rod actuated by said cam and connected to said rock
shaft, a pair of racks also connected to said rock shaft, a pair of pinions adapted to
be rotated by said racks, a ratchet wheel connected to each pinion, a pawl on each
ribbon spool shaft adapted to be driven by its ratchet wheel when turned in one
direction but to remain unaffected when said ratchet wheel turns in the opposite
direction, a pair of attached lever frames connected to said pawls, and a lever in
each ribbon spool adapted to strike said lever frame and shift the pawls when
either spool becomes empty, whereby the ribbon is adapted to move back and forth
widthwise and also move longitudinally from one spool to another and to be
automatically reversed as to its longitudinal travel when either spool becomes
empty.
78. In a typewriting machine, and in a ribbon mechanism, a pair of ribbon
spools moved endwise by arms attached to a rock shaft and caused to revolve axially

page_text: by racks attached to said rock shaft and meshing with pinions connected to the
ribbon spools.
79. In a typewriting machine and in a ribbon mechanism, a pair of ribbon
spools actuated endwise by arms attached to a rock shaft and caused to revolve
axially by racks attached to said rock shaft and meshing with pinions connected
through pawls and ratchets to the ribbon spool shafts.
80. In a typewriting machine and in a ribbon mechanism, a pair of ribbon spools
a pair of ribbon spool shafts, and racks and pinions and pawls and ratchet wheels
for rotating said spools.
81. In a typewriting machine and in a ribbon mechanism, the combination of
a ribbon spool shaft having a longitudinal groove containing one or more anti-
friction balls, and a slotted sleeve surrounding said shaft and attached to the ribbon
spool.
82. In a typewriting machine and in a ribbon mechanism, the combination of
a ribbon spool shaft having a longitudinal groove containing one or more anti-
friction balls, a slotted sleeve surrounding said shaft, a second sleeve surrounding
the slotted sleeve, and means for fastening together the ribbon spool and the said
sleeves.
83. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon spool shaft having a
longitudinal sleeve containing one or more anti-friction balls therein, a slotted
sleeve surrounding said shaft, a second plain sleeve surrounding the slotted sleeve,
and a screw connecting together the tubular core of the ribbon spool and the said
sleeves.
84. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon spool shaft having
a longitudinal groove, one or more anti-friction balls therein, the slotted sleeve 282
having the central band 284 and end bands, the plain sleeve 285, the ribbon spool
having the tubular core 286 and the connecting screw 287.
85. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon spool shaft having
a plurality of longitudinal grooves each having a plurality of anti-friction balls
surrounding the slotted sleeve, a second exteriorly-arranged plain sleeve, and means
for connecting the said two sleeves and the ribbon spool.
86. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a ribbon spool shaft,
a ribbon spool mounted on ball bearings thereon, means for moving the ribbon
spool endwise on said shaft and means for simultaneously rotating said shaft.
87. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon, a ribbon spool shaft,
a ribbon spool connected to said shaft by anti-friction ball bearings, means for
rotating said shaft, and means connected to said shaft-rotating means for moving
the spools endwise and acting simultaneously therewith so that a rotation of the
shaft will cause a rotation of the spool through the ball bearings, the ball bearings
also serving to permit the said spool to move endwise on its shaft while it is at
the same time rotating therewith.