AN IMPROVED PAPER SUITABLE FOR THE FILTRATION OF LIQUIDS. THE DRESSING OF WOUNDS, AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES. BAGS, BANDS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Davies, of the Office for Patents, 1, Serle
Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PAPER SUITABLE FOR THE FILTRATION OF
LIQUIDS. THE DRESSING OF WOUNDS, AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES.
BAGS, BANDS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."-A communication from
Jean Alphonse Pichot and Pierre Prosper Malapert, both of Poitiers, in
the Empire of France.
Sealed the 28th April 1857, and dated the 15th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1856.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of the Office for Patents, 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PAPER SUITABLE FOR THE FILTRATION OF
LIQUIDS, THE DRESSING OF WOUNDS. AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES
BAGS, BANDS, AND FOR OTHER IMILAR PURPOSES," (a communication from Jean
Alphonse Pichot and Pierre Prosper Malapert, both of Poitiers, in the Empire
of France.) to be as follows:-

page_text: This improved paper possesses, amongst other properties, great solidity and
strength, and may be made either by hand or machine, and of any required
size.
A layer of pulp, of any color, having been "laid" on the wire cloth to form
one face of the paper, a piece of tissue, either of flax, cotton, silk, or wool, or
other woven or felted fabric, is laid thereon, and is then covered with a second
layer of pulp to form the other face of the paper. This second pulp contains
a mixture of powdered vegetable or animal charcoal, added thereto at the
time of fabrication, and previously carefully washed with acids, in order to
render it perfectly pure, that is, to remove therefrom any foreign matter, more
especially sulphurets.
The pulp employed for this purpose may be made either of hemp, flax, or
other material, but for filtering purposes wool is preferred.
The charcoal, which may be introduced into the pulp either in the vat or
engine, as above mentioned, or powdered on to the sheets, and then covered
with size, possesses in a high degree the properties of absorbing, disinfecting,
and decolorizing. It is therefore evident that on account of these qualities
this paper is eminently adapted for "compresses" for dressing issues and
running sores, and also for making filters for chemical or domestic purposes.
In this latter case the woven fabric in the interior of the paper may either be
made of the same size as the sheet, or smaller, according to the purposes for
which it may be intended, the strength of the filter being in the latter case
diminished in proportion. The fabric also (whether ganze or other open
material) may either be inserted between the two layers of pulp, or fixed upon
the surface of the sheet, in which case the first layer of ordinary pulp may be
dispensed with.
In order to prevent the loss of pulp in the manufacture of filters, they may
be made at first of an octagonal, polygonal, or circular form.
When the paper is employed for "compresses," a conting of ointment or
other medicament may be applied to one side thereof during the process of
fabrication. The quantity of charcoal also in the pulp may be varied accord-
ing to the nature of the wound or issue to which it is to be applied.
When the paper is to be used for filters employed for the filtration of liquids
more or less charged with fetid or solid matters, instead of the layer of charcoal
pulp, discs or blocks of the same may be employed, of different thicknesses
and dimensions, according to the form of the vessel and the purposes for which
it may be employed.
In order to incroase the clarifying properties of the filters, sand, clay, or

page_text: minerals may be introduced therein. This additional mixture improves their
chemical properties, and renders them eminently useful.
In the making of these charcoal paper" compresses" or filters, when sawing
or otherwise cutting them,sawdust cuttings or shavings are obtained therefrom
very suitable as a substitute for lint. Being highly charged with charcoal,
this kind o lint may be employed with success in dressing very bad sores,
such as gangrenes, &c.
By dispensing with the layer of charcoal pulp and substituting a layer of
ordinary pulp, this paper, with woven fabric in the interior, when made of the
proper thickness, size, and quality, may also be employed with advantage in
the fabrication of paper bags, envelopes of all descriptions, bands, letter-
checks, and for other purposes where strength is required.
This paper, when made of transparent vegetable pulp, is also applicable for
tracing plans and drawings, and when of fine pulp, wove or laid, for printing
of all kinds, and may be made either sized or unsized according to circum-
stances. In some instances it is proposed to dispense with the intermediate
woven fabric, and substitute a layer of flax or wool pulp, lightly beaten, or in
the state termed half stuff."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
DAVIES, of the Office for Patents, No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Davies, Her special licence that I, the said George Davies, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Mau, au Invention for "AN IMPROVED PAPER SUITABLE FOR

page_text: THE FILTRATION OF LIQUIDS, THE DRESSING OF WOUNDS. AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF ENVELOPES, BAGS, BANDS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," being a com
munication from Jean Alphonse Pichot and Pierre Prospor Malapert, both of
Poitiers, in the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said George Davies, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Davies, do hereby declare the
nature of iny said Invention, and in what manner thesame is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment in writing, that is to say :-
This improved paper possesses, amongst other properties, great solidity and
strength, and may be made either by hand or machine, and of any required
size.
A layer of pulp, of any color, having being "laid "on the wire cloth to form
one face of the paper, a piece of tissue, either of flax, cotton, silk, or wool, or
other woven or felted fabric, is laid thereon, and is then covered with a second
layer of pulp to form the other face of the paper. This second pulp contains
a mixture of powdered vegetable or animal charcoal, added thereto at the
time of fabrication, and previously carefully washed with acids, in order to
render it perfectly pure, that is, to remove therefrom any foreign matter,
inore especially sulphurets.
The pulp employed for this purpose may be made either of hemp, flax, or
other material, but for filtering purposes wool is preferred.
The charcoal, which may be introduced into the pulp either in the vat or
engine, as above mentioned, or powdered on to the sheets, and then covered
with size, possesses in a high degree the properties of absorbing, disinfecting,
and decolorizing. It is therefore eviden: that on account of these qualities
this paper is eminently adapted for "compresses" for dressing issues and
running sores, and also for making filters for chemical or domestic
In this latter case the woven fabric in the interior of the paper may either be
made of the same size as the sheet, or smaller, according to the purposes for
which it may be intended, the strength of the filter being in the latter case
diminished in proportion. The fabric also (whether gauze or other open
material) may either be inserted between the two layers of pulp, or fixed upon
purposes.

page_text: the surface of the sheet, in which case the first layer of ordinary pulp may be
dispensed with.
In order to prevent the loss of pulp in the manufacture of filters, they may
be made at first of an octagonal, polygonal, or circular form.
When the paper is employed for "compresses," a coating of ointinent or.
other medicament may be applied to one side thereof during the process of
fabrication. The quantity of charcoal also in the pulp may be varied accord-
ing to the nature of the wound or issue to which it is to be applied.
When the paper is to be used for filters employed for the filtration of liquids
more or less charged with fetid or solid matters, instead of the layer of charcoal
pulp, discs or blocks of the same may be employed, of different thicknesses
and dimensions, according to the form of the vessel and the purposes for which
it may be employed.
In order to increase the clarifying properties of the filters, sand, clay, or
minerals may be introduced therein. This additional mixture completes their
chemical properties, and renders them eminently useful.
In the making of these charcoal paper "compresses" or filters, when sawing
orotherwise cutting them,sawdust cuttings or shavings are obtained therefrom
very suitable as a substitute for lint. Being highly charged with charcoal,
this kind of lint may be employed with success in dressing very bad sores,
such as gangrenes, &c.
By dispensing with the layer of charcoal pulp, and substituting a layer of
ordinary pulp, this paper, with woven fabric in the interior, when made of the
proper thickness, size, and quality, may also be employed with advantage in
the fabrication of paper bags, envelopes of all descriptions, bands, letter-
checks, aud for other purposes where strength is required.
This paper, when made of transparent vegetable pulp, is also applicable
for tracing plans and drawings, and when of fine pulp, wove or laid, for
printing of all kinds, and may be made either sized or unsized according to
circumstances.
In some instances it is proposed to dispense with the intermediate woven
fabric, and substitute a layer of flax or wool pulp, lightly beaten, or in the
state termed "half stuff."
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention, of "An
Improved Paper suitable for the Filtration of Liquids, the Dressing of Wounds,
and for the Manufacture of Envelopes, Bags, Bands, and for other similar
Purposes," together with the manner of carrying the same into practical effect,
I would remark; in conclusion, that I claim as the Invention communicated

page_text: to me by the aforesaid Jean Alphonse Pichot and Pierre Prosper Malapert,
the combination of woven or felted fabric, paper pulp, and charcoal, to be
applied for the above-mentioned and other similar or analogous purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the Baid George Davies, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
GEORGE DAVIES. (L.s.)
Witness,
BRISTOW HUNT,
Sol & Patent Agent,
1. Serle St., Lincoln's Inn.