Improvements in Mandrils for Drying Purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mandrils for Drying Purposes.
I, WILLIAM RIGHTER COMINGS, Mechanical Engineer, of Wandlemere, Riverside
Road, Summers Town, London, S.W. in the County of Surrey do hereby declare
of this invention to be as follows:-
My improvements are specially adapted to drying woven work conical tubes or
mantles and are particularly useful for the drying of incandescent gas light mantles.
Formerly such articles have been dried upon hexagonal glass mandrils, but it was.
found that on account of the non-conductivity of the glass, the drying took place
very slowly and the irregularities and roughness in the material of the glass itself
often caused the mantles to score or cut when being drawn off. This very seriously
weakened them and impaired their durability. Moreover, the glass mandrils were
exceedingly heavy and cumbersome in use and very easily broken..
My improvements consist
1st. In making a drying mandril of celluloid or other similar tubing, which will
not be affected by the action of the water or chemicals used in preparing the cones
or mantles to be dried.
2nd. To increase the rapidity of drying the celluloid tubes are perforated on the
sides so as to admit free circulation of air between the mandril and the material to
be dried.
3rd. I provide a base for the mandril, of wood, porcelain, or other suitable material,
the top of said base being provided with a shoulder which just fits into the lower
end of the mandril. This shoulder has in it a deep groove. The two the mandril
and its base are then rigidly secured together by slipping the mandril over the
grooved shoulder. The lower end of the celluloid mandril is then caused to contract
or shrink into the grooved shoulder of the base by the action of heat or shrinking
fluids. The two are thus firmly secured together without employing metal fastenings,
cement or other material which could be dissolved in use, or which could be affected.
by the chemicals used in the mantles.
The complete drying mandril, as thus constructed, is very much lighter than the
old form, causes the mantle to dry much more rapidly, and is not liable to score the
mantles.
Instead of celluloid, it is evident that hard rubber, vulcanite, or any other similar
material unaffected by the chemicals could be used, but I prefer to employ celluloid
on account of its lightness and the facility with which it receives a high finish.
London June 19th 1896.

page_text: .
I, WILLIAM RIGHTER COMINGS, Mechanical Engineer, of Wandlemere, Riverside
Road, Summers Town, London, S.W., in the County of Surrey do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the saine is to be performed, to be.
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My improvements are specially adapted to drying woven work conical tubes or
mantles, and are particularly useful for the drying of incandescent gas light mantles.
Formerly such articles have been dried upon hexagonal glass mandrils, but it was
found that on account of the non-conductivity of the glass, the drying took place very
slowly and the irregularities and roughness in the material of the glass itself often
caused the mantles to score or cut when being drawn off. This very seriously,
weakened them and impaired their durability. Moreover, the glass mandrils were
exceedingly heavy and cumbersome in use and very easily broken.
My improvements consist (as shown in the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 shows an elevation
Fig. 2 shows a section on the line A-B and
Fig. 3 shows a plan of my improved mandril).
1st. In making a drying mandril (a) of celluloid or other similar tubing, which'
will not be affected by the action of the water or chemicals used in preparing the
cones or mantles to be dried.
2nd. To increase the rapidity of drying, the celluloid tubes are perforated on the
sides as at (b) so as to admit free circulation of air between the mandril and the
material to be dried.
3rd. I provide
a base (c) for the mandril, of wood, porcelain, or other suitable
material, the top of said base being provided with a shoulder (d) which just fits into
the lower end of the mandril. This shoulder has in it a groove (e). The two, the
mandril and its base, are then rigidly secured together by slipping the mandril over
the grooved shoulder. The lower end of the celluloid mandril is then caused to
contract or shrink into the grooved shoulder of the base by the action of heat or
shrinking fluids. The two are thus firmly secured together without employing metal
fastenings, cement, or other material which could be dissolved in use or which could
be affected by the chemicals used in the mantles.
The complete drying. mandril, as thus constructed, is very much lighter than the
old form, causes the mantle to dry much more rapidly, and is not liable to score
the mantles.
Instead of celluloid, it is evident that
similar material unaffected by the chemicals
celluloid on account of its lightness and the
finish.
hard rubber, vulcanite, or any other
could be. used, but I prefer to employ
facility with which it receives a high
The perforations in the sides of the mandril are made coarse or fine according to
the rapidity of drying required. The materials (as used for incandescent mantles and
similar articles) dry upon my improved mandril more rapidly and thoroughly opposite
the perforations and consequently leave the finished mantle with a sort of water
mark corresponding to the perforations. I can therefore dry the articles and at the
same time impart to them trade marks and ornamental or other designs.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
For drying and marking purposes, mandrils or frames constructed substantially
as described.