Improvements in Apparatus and Process for Manufacturing Coke and Charcoal, and for Separating the Products Obtained in such Manufacture.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 1st Apr., 1895-Accepted, 11th May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus and Process for Manufacturing Coke
and Charcoal, and for Separating the Products Obtained in such
Manufacture.
A communication to me from THE INTERNATIONALE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR
TORFVERWERTHUNG, of 7, Neue Huntestrasse, Oldenburgh, in the Empire
of Germany.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents aud
Engineers, of 65 and 66 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates more especially to the manufacture of coke or charcoal
from peat or other carbonaceous material, and it has for its object more especially
a novel form of apparatus and treatment for carbonizing the peat or other material,
for obtaining the coke or charcoal in a solid form, and for effectually separating the
tar and other substances resulting from the carbonizing process.
In order to put my invention in operation, supposing that peat is the material to
be treated, it is supplied to the upper end of a vertical oven in which it is heated,
the tar and tar water produced being separated, conducted away and condensed, and
the gases being withdrawn and used for heating the oven by means of steam
exhausters.
The coke discharged from the oven is cooled and saturated with saltpetre in the
form of vapour.
By the improved process and apparatus the coke or charcoal from peat, wood, or
the like is obtained in large and strong pieces.
Whilst in ordinary ovens of this kind the upper end is closed by the upper layers
of material, in the improved apparatus the closing is effected by a suitable valve
so that the gases and vapours produced cannot escape.
The inner diameter of ordinary ovens for the purpose described is only about
10 centimetres, whilst that of the improved oven is about 25 centimetres. A valve
at the bottom of the lower conical part of the oven allows the discharge of the coke
or charcoal in large pieces, and by the impregnation of these pieces with steam
holding saltpetre in solution, they are made very strong and durable and the yield
of coke or charcoal is very considerable.
The pieces obtained in this way are superior to the briquettes sometimes used,
and they can be burned in portable fireplaces without any special air supply.
The separation of the tar from the tar liquor is effected by indirect heating by
steam, and both when separated can be further treated and utilized as may be
desired, peat oil, paraffin, oil of tar, gas oil, and creosote, being obtained from the
tar, and ammonia and acetic acid from the tar liquor.
The peat, dried in the air, is supplied to the upper end of a vertical cylindrical
oven, of which the lower two-thirds (about) are made of fireclay and the upper
third of cast iron rings, the inner diameter being, as already mentioned, about
250 millimetres, so that there is room for the peat to be supplied in pieces of
considerable size, and the coke or charcoal to be obtained in a strong and durable
form. The heating is effected by means of the gases produced, after the tar and
tar liquor have been removed from them in condensers.
In the centre of the oven is arranged a column consisting of a sufficient number
of suitable rings or discs superposed upon each other and closed by a conical top,
into the interior of which the gases and vapours pass and are conveyed away
through a pipe from the upper end, and a second pipe below the lower end.
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page_text: The lower end of the oven is conical or funnel shaped and is closed at the bottom
by a valve which when open allows the pieces of coke or charcoal to escape freely,
whilst when closed by its own weight it prevents the upper layers of the coking
material from passing out. The coke or charcoal passes through this valve into a
chamber or box below, the sides of which are double so that it can be cooled by
water admitted between them. The bottom of this chamber is closed by a sliding
door through which the coke or charcoal can be discharged into a waggon or
receptacle below. Into the chamber a pipe leads by which the contents can be
saturated with steam containing saltpetre in solution, and in this way the coke or
charcoal is rendered strong and durable.
An essential part of the apparatus consists of devices by which the steam and
vapour from the upper part of the oven and the tar in form of vapour from the
lower part, are withdrawn through separate pipes and are condensed in separate
suitable condensers, the inflammable gases being returned (as already described)
to heat the oven, and the condensed tar and tar liquors being utilized as already
described.
Dated this 14th day of August. 1894.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Apparatus and Process for Manufacturing Coke
and Charcoal, and for Separating the Products Obtained in such
Manufacture.
A communication to me from THE INTERNATIONALE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR
TORFVERWERTHUNG, of 7, Neue Huntestrasse Oldenburg, in the Empire
of Germany.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawing, that is to say :-
This invention relates more especially to the manufacture of coke or charcoal
from peat or other carbonaceous material, and it has for its object more especially a
novel form of apparatus and treatment, for carbonizing the peat or other material,
for obtaining the coke or charcoal in a solid form, and for effectually separating the
tar and other substances resulting from the carbonizing process.
The accompanying drawing, which is in illustration of the invention, shews a
vertical section through an improved oven.
In order to put the invention in operation, supposing that peat is the material to
be treated, it is supplied to the upper end of a vertical oven a in which it is heated,
the tar and tar water produced being separated, conducted away and condensed,
and the gases being withdrawn and used for heating the oven, by means of steam
exhausters.
The coke discharged from the oven is cooled and saturated with saltpetre in the
form of vapour.
By the improved process and apparatus the coke or charcoal from peat, wood,
or the like, is obtained in large ard strong pieces.
Whilst in ordinary ovens of this kind the upper end is closed by the upper
layers of material, in the improved apparatus, the closing of its bollow space a
is effected by a suitable valve n, so that the gases and vapours produced canuot
escape.
; .

page_text: The inner diameter of ordinary ovens for the purpose described is only about
10 centimetres whilst that of the improved oven is about 25 centimetres.
A valve i at the bottom of the lower conical part of the oven allows the discharge
of the coke or charcoal in large pieces, and by the impregnation of the pieces with
steam holding saltpetre in solution they are made very strong and durable, and the
yield of coke or charcoal is very considerable.
The pieces obtained in this way are superior to the briquettes sometimes used,
and they can be burned in portable fireplaces without any special air supply.
The separation of the tar from the tar liquor is effected by indirect heating by
steam, and both when separated can be further treated and utilized as may be
desired, peat oil, oil of tar, paraffin, gas oil, and creosote being obtained from the
tar, and ammonia and acetic acid from the tar liquor.
The peat, first dried in the air, is supplied to the upper end of a vertical
cylindrical oven, of which the lower two-thirds (about) are made of fireclay rings b,
and the upper third of cast iron rings c, the inner diameter being as already
mentioned, about 250 millimetres, so that there is room for the peat to be supplied
in pieces of considerable size, and the coke or charcoal to be obtained in a strong
and durable form.
The heating is effected by means of the gases produced after the tar and tar
liquor have been removed from them in condensers.
In the centre of the oven is arranged a column consisting of a sufficient number
of suitable rings or discs d, superposed upon each other and closed by a conical top,
into the interior of which the gases and vapours pass and are conveyed away through
a pipe f from the upper end, and a second pipe 9 below the lower end.
The lower end of the oven is conical or funnel-shaped, and is closed at the
bottom by a valve i, which when open allows the pieces of coke or charcoal to
escape freely, whilst when closed by its own weight it prevents the upper layers of
the coking material from passing out.
The coke or charcoal passes through this valve i into a chamber or box / below,
the sides of which are double so that it can be cooled by water admitted between
them. The bottom of this chamber / is closed by a sliding door k, through which
the coke or charcoal can be discharged into a waggon or receptacle m below.
Into the chamber a pipe o leads, by which the contents can be saturated with
steam containing saltpetre in solution, and in this way the coke or charcoal is
rendered strong and durable.
g are
An essential part of the apparatus consists of devices by which the steam and
vapour from the upper part of the oven, and the tar in form of vapour from the
lower part, are withdrawn through separate pipes f, g, and are condensed in separate
suitable condensers A and B, while in apparatus of this kind the pipes f and
supposed to be in communication with one another as shewn by dotted lines. In
the improved apparatus, the inflammable gases are returned (as already described)
to heat the oven and the condensed tar and tar liquors are utilized as already
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
An apparatus for manufacturing coke and charcoal from peat or other
carbonaceous material, in which the steam and vapour from the upper part of an
oven a are withdrawn through a pipe whilst the tar in form of vapour is withdrawn
from the lower part of the oven by means of a pipe 9, both pipes communicating
with separate condensers A, B, substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 7th day of March 1895
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.