matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WAX OR OTHER CANDLES AND TORCHES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marie François Alexandre
Courtois at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 27th December 1862.
I, MARIE FRANÇOIS ALEXANDRE COURTOIS, of Paris, France, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WAX OR OTHER CANDLES AND TORCHES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in providing wax, stearine, spermaciti, tallow,
or other candles, instead of with the solid wick hitherto made use of in such
luminaries, with a tubular wick or wicks for the purpose of procuring a suitable
admission of air to the interior of the flame, and thus insure a better combus-
tion in this latter; each candle may be provided with one or more of the said
tubular wicks. In the interior of torches I also provide one or more air
holes for giving a better admission of the air to the interior of the flame.
A NEW KIND 02 FLYING TOP
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by André Alexandre Beaumont and
Joseph Augustin Escalier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th March 1862.
We, ANDRE ALEXANDRE BEAUMONT and JOSEPH AUGUSTIN ESCALIER, of
2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "A NEW KIND 02
FLYING TOP," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in the construction of a hollow top forming the
centre of a helix, to which it is fixed; the lower part of the top is reduced in
size to allow of its being adjusted to a handle made to receive it. The handle
is hollowed out cylindrically at its upper part in order to contain a bobbin,
on which a small cord or piece of string is wound for giving a to-and-fro
motion to the bobbin, which is provided at its upper part with a cup of a
concave form to receive with facility the top. A hole is made in the handle
for the passage of the cord or string. This toy is used by holding the handle
in one hand, and imparting a rotatory motion to the bobbin to wind up the
string. The top is then placed in the cup, and it is only necessary to pull
the string to cause the top to fly off and turn in a vertical direction. If care
be taken to hold the handle vertically when the top descends, it may be caught
in the cup at the upper part of the handle.
For two to play with the top, the handle should be kept in a somewhat
inclined position, then the top may be made to describe a curve, which allows

page_text: of another player, provided with a similar handle, similar to that before
described, to receive the top and throw it off in his turn. Two players may
thus receive and throw off the flying top alternately. The new plaything may
be constructed of various materials, forms, and dimensions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIREGUARDS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Macaulay and Alphonso
Florencio Notley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th February 1862.
We, HENRY MACAULAY and ALPHONSO FLORENCIO NOTLEY, both of
Rotherham, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIREGUARDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fire guards. For these
purposes a fire-place, or the stove set therein, is arranged to admit of a guard
passing into and out from one or both sides, and such guards may be made
of wirework, sheet metal, or other suitable material; and when intended
simply to prevent dresses coming to the fire, or the flying out of cinders from
the fire, the guard may be of open wirework, or otherwise of a reticulate
character, but when it is intended to be for a shade or other covering of the
fire or front of the grate, then the guard may be close or unperforated, or
perforated or reticulated to a less extent. It is preferred that each guard
for a fire-place or stove should be formed into two parts, one arranged to slide
in and out on one side of the fire-place or stove, and the other to slide in and
out on the other side of the stove or fire-place, in which case it will be
desirable that the two parts of the guard should be of a curved form, though
other shapes may be employed. Or the guard may be arranged to work or
slide into and from one side only of a stove or fire-place, in which case also it
will be found most convenient that the guard should be of a curved form,
though other forms of guards may be employed, so long as they are arranged
to slide out from and into the side or sides of a fire-place or stove.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPHONS FOR DISCHARGING OR DRAWING OFF LARGE BODIES OF WATER, AND IN THE MODE OF CHARGING, FIXING, AND CONSTRUCTING SAME, WHEREBY THEY ARE RENDERED PERMANENTLY SELF-ACTING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Heinrich Roeckner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
August 1862.
I, CARL HEINRICH ROECKNER, of Marsh Street, in the City of Bristol, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPHONS
FOR DISCHARGING OR DRAWING OFF LARGE BODIES OF WATER, AND IN THE MODE
OF CHARGING, FIXING, AND CONSTRUCTING SAME, WHEREBY THEY ARE RENDERED
PERMANENTLY SELF-ACTING," to be as follows:-
According to the methods heretofore practised of discharging large bodies of
water into tidal water-courses by the use of syphons, it has been found neces-
sary to charge said syphons periodically, requiring for such purpose expensive
machinery worked by steam power, and consequently personal attendance.
Now the object and intention of this Invention is to dispense with machinery,
and simply to employ a steam boiler (which may be portable) or a reservoir,
containing water for charging said syphon, and further in adapting one or more
valves to the legs of said syphon; if two valves, then one of said valves (namely
that by which the water passes out of the syphon into the tidal water-course) is so
adjusted as to lift outwards, and the other or induction valve lifting inwards. To
the extreme upper part or bend of the syphon, a pipe is connected fitted with a
cock, for establishing a communication between the interior of said syphon and
an ordinary steam boiler, or it may be a reservoir of water. Now suppose a
syphon thus constructed to be fixed over a coffer-dam, for example, one leg

page_text: thereof being on one side thereof, and the other leg on the opposite side, the
former leg being immersed in the water therein, and the outer leg also in
water, I proceed to charge the said syphon by admitting steam thereinto
from the boiler, or water from a reservoir, thus forming a vacuum in the
syphon; I then shut off the communication between the syphon and the
boiler or reservoir, and disconnect same if desirable. The water now flows
out of the syphon by the outlet valve, and continues to do so until the
water in the tidal water-course reaches the level of the water within the dam,
and as the tide rises the valve prevents the entrance of water into the
syphon.
In order to avoid the necessity for recharging the syphon periodically as
heretofore practised, I propose either to form a shallow reservoir beneath
and around each leg of the syphon, or to form the ends of the legs turned
up, so as to contain water, and thus to preserve the vacuum in the syphon.
By these means the syphon when once charged will continue to work for
an indefinite,period, and is thus rendered permanently self-acting; moreover a
syphon thus constructed will be found an excellent substitute for a sluice, and
infinitely less costly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF PRODUCING RAISED CHASING ON COPPER, SILVER, AND BRITANNIA METAL. BY THE APPLICATION OF PRESSURE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carpendale and Thomas
Middleton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th March 1862.
We, JOHN CARPENDALE, Britannia Metal Smith, and THOMAS MIDDLETON,
Table Blade Grinder, both of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF
PRODUCING RAISED CHASING ON COPPER, SILVER, AND BRITANNIA METAL. BY THE
APPLICATION OF PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
At present "raised chasing" is produced by manual pressure, which is
necessarily limited in its application. Our Invention admits of the pressure
being determined and applied on an extended scale by the adjustment of the
machine. A steel plate, in which the design to be impressed on the metal is
indented, cut, or engraved, is affixed in the usual manner to a disc or bed,
which revolves on an axis to which motion is imparted; the metal to be
operated upon is placed with its face to this steel plate, and secured thereto..
Against the metal a steadying plate attached to an opposing centre is fixed in
this plate, which does not revolve; a groove or channel is formed which
admits of a tool or blunt instrument moving therein and pressing upon the
metal. Behind the disc or bed plate to the framework in which the axis
revolves we attach a cross plate or frame with arms which run parallel with
the axis, extending therefrom in front of the bed plate on either side; in these
arms holes are formed for cotters or pins; on the arms in front of the bed plate

page_text: we place a movable forked frame for the single end, of which one arm forms
an axis, the double or pronged end resting on the other arm. This frame can
be fixed parallel to the face of the metal, and its distance therefrom regulated
by the pins being placed in equidistant holes in the arms. Between the
prongs of the forked frame we place a slide block, and through this block a
horizontal screw, also parallel to the face of the metal which works through a
connecting piece at the end of the prongs; by turning a handle attached to
this screw the slide block can be moved any required distance or speed between
the prongs of the forked frame to or from the centre of the plate. In the
slide block we place a screw which acts upon the head of the tool or instru-
ment which passes through the groove in the front steadying plate to the
metal; the pressure on the metal is regulated by turning this screw. When
the instrument is adjusted and the engraved plate with the metal set in motion
the slide block containing the tool which presses on the metal is moved in the
forked frame, so that the pressure of the tool gradually acts upon all parts of
the surface of the metal, and forces it into the indentations in the steel plate.
When the metal is removed ornaments corresponding with the design on
the steel plate are "raised" on the surface which had been in contact
therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF CUTTERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1862. A communication from abroad by Auguste Bernard Albaret, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Mechanician.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF CUTTERS," a communication from abroad by Auguste
Bernard Albaret, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Mechanician, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in chaff cutters whereby the
chaff may be cut to any desired length by suitable adjustments, and the
choking of the machine prevented. The variation in the length of the chaff
is effected by having a moveable pinion fitted on to the end of the driving
shaft, which is changed for a larger or smaller one according to the size of
chaff required. This pinion gears into an intermediate wheel, which drives a
third-spur wheel.
wheel. On the axis of the last-mentioned wheel is a bevel pinion,
which drives a transverse shaft, from which the motion is transmitted to the
two feed rollers. The upper roller is capable of adjustment to or from the
surface of the lower one, and both rollers are driven by means of bevel pinions
carried by a vertical shaft, which derives its motion from the transverse shaft
before referred to. In order to allow of the adjustment of the upper roller,

page_text: the pinion which drives it is capable of sliding along the vertical shaft, which
may be made of a square section. With a view to prevent the choking of the
machine, and to regulate the supply of straw, it is proposed to employ a cover
or hood placed over the upper roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND ORNAMENTING KAMPTULICON WHEN APPLIED TO FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Paine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1862.
I, JAMES PAINE, of the Firm of Paine and Hough, of the City of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Woollen Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND ORNAMENTING
KAMPTULICON WHEN APPLIED TO FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in printing and ornamenting kamptulicon with
waterproof colors after it has been allied to a fabric, and thereby form a
material or fabric suitable for floorcloths, table covers, shoe stuffs, wearing
apparel, and other similar purposes. I also print or ornament kamptulicon
with non-waterproof colors, and thereby adapt the material to a variety of
purposes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MILITARY CARTOUCHES, PORTMONALES, COURIER BAGS, LETTER BAGS, KNAPSACKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A LIKE NATURE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Holmes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1862.
I, THOMAS HOLMES, of No. 15, Princess Terrace, Saint Mark's, Regent's
Park, in the County of Middlesex, and of No. 22, John Street, Edgeware
Road, in the same County, Bootmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MILITARY CARTOUCHES,
PORTMONALES, COURIER BAGS, LETTER BAGS, KNAPSACKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A
LIKE NATURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the insertion of a steel wire spring at the bottom
of the cartouch, portmonaie, courier bag, letter bag, knapsack, and other
articles of a like nature, with arms extending up the front and back of the
cartouch, portmonaie, courier bag, letter bag, knapsack, and other articles
of a like nature respectively, which act in such a manner as to insure
the perfect safety and compactness of the contents of such several articles
above-mentioned, and other articles of a like nature respectively, in whatever
position they may be placed.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING TOBACCO FOR SMOKING, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baddeley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1862. A communication from abroad by Charles Hoppe, of Cologne, in
Germany.
I, WILLIAM BADDELEY, of Angell Terrace, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING TOBACCO FOR
SMOKING, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as
follows:-
Instead of cutting the tobacco into shreds as heretofore done, the tobacco
leaf is formed into rolls of various sizes. The tobacco leaves being moistened'
are formed into rolls by hand, which rolls are passed between graduated
grooved rollers, which compress them, giving the required form and solidity;
the roll thus formed is passed through a tube, in which it receives a glutinous
coating, after which it is bound round with a thread or band, and then dried.
When sufficiently dry the solid roll of tobacco thus formed is cut up into
lengths for smoking in pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING FABRICS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th April
1862. A communication from abroad by Messrs. Eugène Siess, Calico.
Printer, and Charles Prosper Coindreau, Merchant, both of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesexs-
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING FABRICS AND OTHER SURFACES," to be:
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a method of applying gold or silver leaf, or
imitations thereof, to fabrics or other suitable surfaces by pressure or other-
wise, whereby I am enabled to obtain a saving of fifty per cent.. in the
material beyond that obtained by the ordinary processes.
The improvement consists in using the same sheet of metal several times-
at different parts of the fabric to be ornamented. For this purpose I employ:
plates of zinc, copper, tin, or other material, in which I cut out the design to be.
produced with a counterpart, which adapts itself like a matrix to the spaces.
in the engraved plates. Two of these plates are placed together with the-
gold or silver leaf between them; this being done, the double plates are
placed on the fabric or other surface to be treated, I then take the coun-
terpart and apply it to the spaces in the engraved plate by means of pressure
applied by a lever similar to that used by paper-stainers, the counterpart. at

page_text: same time stamps and causes the gold or silver leaf to adhere to the fabric
or other surface. I may adopt any method of coating the fabric or the leaf
metal with a suitable mordant for securing adhesion of the parts, as also I
may apply by means of said processes gilt, silvered, or colored papers, alone or
in combination, for producing a spangled or other effect. The Invention thus
comprises the application of white or colored surfaces, gold, silver, or other
imitation metals on paper and gold or other metal leaf, whereby to obtain
an economy of fifty per cent. over the ordinary processes, which economy is
produced not only in the material, but also in the rapidity with which the
processes of stamping and applying the metal, or imitations thereof, are
effected in a single operation on any suitable surface.
AN IMPROVED WATCH PENDANT
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Francis Reynolds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
July 1862.
I, WILLIAM FRANCIS REYNOLDS, of the Commercial Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED WATCH PENDANT," to be as follows (that is to say) :
My Invention has reference to an improved watch pendant for enabling
watches or other timekeepers to be worn more safely than hitherto, by pre-
venting the chain or guard from being suddenly wrenched off or otherwise
disengaged; and consists in passing the ends of the bow through the ball of
the pendant, and securing the same by riveting or otherwise, so as to prevent
their return, the said ball being formed in two parts for that purpose, and
employed in connexion with the fixed pendant, or with a swivel movement and
solid bows; the object being to strengthen the bow fastening, and prevent
its being forcibly disengaged from the watch; a spring movement being also
employed for enabling the bow to maintain its relative position to the watch.
A MECHANICAL HORSE-BREAK
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Golding Bunting at the
Offico of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1862.
I, JOHN GOLDING BUNTING, of the Office for Patents, 4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A MECHANICAL HORSE-BREAK," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved construction of mechanical carriage
or break for the purpose of rendering ungovernable horses tractable in a short
space of time comparatively with respect to the means at present and ordi-
narily adopted.
I
propose to construct a horizontal framing, somewhat in the form of a pair
of cart shafts, the hinder extremities of which are left open for the entrance of
the horse; these shafts are connected by means of an arched axle, the arch
extending over and across the haunches of the horse, ordinary carriage or cart
wheels being attached to the arms of the axle. The foro parts of the shaft
rest on a fore carriage and wheels, to which is attached a pole or shafts for the
purpose of harnessing either a single horse or pair.
The object of this Invention is that an ungovernable horse may be harnessed
within the frame or carriage and be retained therein by means of bands and
straps passing over his back and under his belly, and attached to each side of
the frame or carriage, by which means he can neither lie down nor rise from
the ground, hames being attached to the fore part of the framing, and also a

page_text: collar strap, whereby the horse is securely held in position and compelled to
follow the leader or leaders in the pole or shafts. A "dickey" seat may be
placed on either or both sides of the axle for the use of the driver, whereby
the leaders may be driven and controlled as well as the horse to be broken.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hatherton Hall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd June 1862.
I, WILLIAM HATHERTON HALL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Miner's Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the manufacture of the Davy or safety lamp
with a spring lock and superior wire gauze. The spring lock contains a bolt
which shoots into a hole in the body of the lamp, the lock being on the bottom
or base of the lamp; the bolt has upon it a coil spring to shoot it into the
body of the lamp, and requires a key to withdraw it, which key consists simply
of a socket or tube with handle at one end and internal thread at the other,
the bolt having at the outer end a thread or screw (to match or) of the same
pitch as the key; the other end of the bolt is square, or of such a form as to
prevent it turning round; the inner extreme end is sloped as a sliding latch;
the base of the lamp has a passage in which the bolt fits loosely and slides, and
the bolt having a collar (near its middle, but towards the latch end) is pre-
vented falling or springing out of the lamp by a nozzle, which also serves as a
guide to the key and a guard to hinder the lock being picked. The coil spring
presses against the inside of the nozzle (outwardly) and against the collar of
the bolt (inwardly), so that when the base of the lamp is screwed on to the
body the latch slides over the thread until the point arrives at the hole or

page_text: -recess made to receive it, when it snaps in and cannot be withdrawn without
the key or injury to the lock. The nozzle has a flat upon it which when the
lamp is screwed together fits tight against the body of the lamp, so that it
cannot be unscrewed without first withdrawing the bolt and removing the base
from the lamp body. The "superior" wire gauze is made by forming the
woven wirework into the usual or suitable shapes and then tinning or
galvanizing them. This process solders the seam and strengthens them
entirely...
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAPS OR BANDS FOR SECURING ARTICLES, PARCELS, OR LUGGAGE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Astley Paston Price at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1869.
I, ASTLEY PASTON PRICE, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAPS OR BANDS FOR SECURING ARTICLES, PARCELS, OR
LUGGAGE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the ordinary leather or other
straps or bands employed in securing articles, parcels, or luggage, and
consists in imparting a certain amount of elasticity to such straps or bands, by
introducing therein a length or lengths, a ring or rings, or other suitable
arrangement of vulcanized india-rubber, or other similar elastic material,
whereby the force necessary for the tightening and securing of the strap round
any articles, parcels, or luggage is considerably reduced, whilst the elasticity of
the vulcanized india-rubber or other similar elastic material employed tends
to contract the strap firmly over the article or articles after the buckle or
fastening has been secured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND CAPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Melton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1862.
I, HENRY MELTON, of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, Hatter
to the Royal Family, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND CAPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in hats and caps, the object
of which is to enable them to present two different surfaces to the weather,
or, in other words, to make their surfaces reversible, in order that in fine
weather a cloth or woven surface may be exposed, and a waterproof material
or enamelled leather surface in wet weather. I propose to form the hat or
cap with a double crown and rim, one of which is to be of cloth or other
woven fabric, the other to be of a waterproof material or of enamelled leather.
Each of these crowns and rims are to be sewn at opposite ends of the body
of the hat or cap to the extent of half the circumference, and then the two
remaining halves of the crowns are to be sewn together, so as to form one
piece, presenting a cloth surface on one side and a waterproof surface on the
other, which may be drawn over either of the halves of the crown and rim
which are sewn, so as to expose an entire cloth surface or an entire water-
proof surface, as desired. To facilitate the movement of the reversible portion
of the cap a gusset is made on each side thereof, and an elastic cord keeps
the gusset closed. Through the fixed cloth surface of the crown two or more
holes may be cut for the purpose of ventilation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR GIVING THE PITCH OR TONE REQUIRED IN TUNING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, AND ALSO THE KEY-NOTE OF VOCAL MUSIC
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Chesterton Burden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1862.
I, WILLIAM CHESTERTON BURDEN, of Leicester, Musical Instrument Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MECHANISM FOR GIVING THE PITCH OR TONE REQUIRED IN TUNING MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS, AND ALSO THE KEY-NOTE OF VOCAL MUSIC," to be as follows:-
This Invention is for the purpose of enabling any person to tune musical
instruments without the necessity of laying what are termed the "bearings"
thereby simplifying the operation and lessening the time necessary for per-
forming it. By this Invention also the key note of any vocal music can be
obtained.
I construct a framework or box of suitable size and dimensions of wood or
other material, in which I place an opening in any suitable place or position,
over which stretch leather, or other flexible material, so as entirely to close
the said opening. In the interior of this framework or box I fix vibrators, and
on the exterior and immediately over these vibrators are valves or keys sliding
in grooves for the purpose of producing the tones and half tones of the
chromatic scale. A small aperture is made in the framework or box in
which is inserted a mouth-piece or tube made of flexible or other material.
When wind is forced into the interior of the framework or box through the

page_text: mouth-piece or tube, and the valve or key of the tone or note required to be
produced, having previously been opened, the vibrators will produce the tone
or note desired. When a single note or tone only is required I construct
a box or framework as above described but without the valve or key.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPITTOONS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Colin Mather, of Willow Bank, Broughton, near
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPITTOONS."
Sealed the 18th July 1862, and dated the 9th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Colin Mather at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
April 1862.
I, COLIN MATHER, of Willow Bank, Broughton, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPITTOONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object "Improvements in Spittoons." For these
purposes a rectangular or other suitable form of box or case on feet or other-
wise is used, having a cover hinged to one side or end. On the interior of
this box is a lining with a bottom to it, but open at top, which can be removed.
The cover of the case or box is constantly drawn downwards by a spring, and
by preference a spring of vulcanized india-rubber, so that ordinarily the cover
is closed. The cover is lifted by means of a lever which has its axis below
the bottom of the case or box. The front end of the lever projects in front

page_text: of the box or case, and is spread out to form a treddle; at the back end of the
lever, a rod is attached by a pin joint which rises through the bottom of the
case or box, and its upper end, which carries a friction roller, comes under a
projection on the under side of the cover, so that as the rod rises the cover is
caused to open and the spring brings back the cover when the toe of the
person is moved from the front end of the lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE AMOUNT OF WATER DISCHARGED BY A PUMP, CHIEPLY APPLICABLE FOR REGULATING THE AMOUNT OF WATER THROWN BY A STEAM FIRE-ENGINE, OR FOR REGULATING THE AMOUNT OF WATER FED TO A STEAM BOILER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Roberts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd September
1862.
I, WILLIAM ROBERTS, of Millwall, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
REGULATING THE AMOUNT OF WATER DISCHARGED BY A PUMP, CHIEPLY APPLICABLE
FOR REGULATING THE AMOUNT OF WATER THROWN BY A STEAM FIRE-ENGINE, OR
FOR REGULATING THE AMOUNT OF WATER FED TO A STEAM BOILER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for regulating
the amount of water discharged by a pump, chiefly applicable for regulating
the amount of water thrown by a steam fire-engine, or for regulating the
amount of water fed to a steam boiler.
Steam fire-engines as at present constructed are only capable of throwing a
jet of considerable diameter, and are unable to throw a jet of small dimensions,
as if a small jet be used the speed of the engine is so much reduced that it
cannot work properly, and stops on its centres. Now, according to my Inven-
tion, I (in the case of double-acting pumps) make a passage between the two
extremities of the pump cylinder, in this passage a valve is placed, by which
the
passage can be entirely closed. When the pump is required to throw as
large a jet as possible the valve is closed, but when a small jet is required the
valve is partly opened, a portion only of the water forced by the piston from

page_text: one end of the cylinder will then pass away through the jet, the remainder
passing through the passage, and entering the cylinder at its opposite end, so
that a less quantity of water will be drawn into the cylinder through the
suction pipe. In place of employing a pipe to connect the two ends of the
cylinder together, the same object may be attained 'by employing a pipe or
passage to connect the suction and delivery pipes or chambers of the pump,
the pipe or passage being furnished with a valve by which the passage through
it may be closed as before; this arrangement I adopt when the pumps are
single-acting.
Apparatus such as above described may be applied to the feed pumps of
steam boilers to regulate the amount of water fed to them. It may also be
applied to pumps of all descriptions where it is desired to regulate the
quantity of water discharged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- BATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS, AND FOR ENABLING THEM TO WORK OFF LEE SHORES DURING STORMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1862.
I, WILLIAM BARTER, of Brixham, in the County of Devon, Master Mariner,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
BATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS, AND FOR ENABLING THEM TO WORK OFF LEE SHORES
DURING STORMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for propelling
vessels, and for enabling them to work off lee shores during storms. For
these purposes I employ apparatus, by means of which the rising and falling
motion given to the vessel by the waves is made available to give to the vessel
a forward impulse. I prefer to arrange the apparatus in the following
manner: A spar or boom is suspended from the stern or other convenient
part of the vessel; this spar or boom exceeds in length the distance from the
point of suspension to the water, and near its lower end other pieces are firmly
secured to it, so as to form a flat frame of some width, and to each side of
this frame a flap or paddle is hinged or jointed at right angles to the length
of the spar or boom, or a greater number of flaps or paddles may be employed.
When the vessel to which the apparatus is attached is in motion the spar or
boom will assume a position inclined to the surface of the water, the frame
and paddles jointed thereto being towed through the water. This being the
arrangement, and the vessel being tossed. by the waves, as the stern or other
part of the vessel descends, the paddles will open out from the frame, and will

page_text: check the descent of the apparatus through the water, chains or other suitable
instruments being employed to stop the paddles when they come into such a
position as to offer the greatest amount of resistance to the water. The
descent of the frame being thus resisted an impulse will be given by the spar
or boom on which it is constructed to the stern or other part of the vessel,
which will thus be propelled as the stern or other part of the vessel rises. The
paddles shut up close against the frame and offer but slight resistance to the
water. This apparatus, as it acts the more efficiently the greater the amount
of motion given to the vessel by the waves, will be very useful in enabling
vessels to work off lee shores during stormis.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Humphrys at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March,
1862.
I, EDWARD HUMPHRYS, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam engines, and relates
to that description of steam engines in which two cylinders, a small one, into
which the steam first enters, and a larger one in which it is subsequently
allowed to expand, are employed, and in which the pistons of the cylinders are
connected together by a piston rod passing through the cover or partition
which separates the small from the large cylinder.
The improvements consist in applying a trunk to the large piston and a
suitable connecting rod, as in ordinary trunk engines, to transmit the power
from the two pistons to a crank on a shaft or axis.
A CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENT IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Sutton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1862.
I, ELLIS SUTTON, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENT IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that description of machinery used in the pre-
paration of cotton and other fibrous substances, called the "scutcher" or opener,
and is designed for the purpose of extracting dirt and dust therefrom. The
improvement consists in the application and use of a perforated door or
partition behind the beaters (that is, between the beaters, and the exhausting
fan), such door extending in a division across the width of the chamber or
body of the "scutcher;" by this means the lighter dirt and dust is abstracted
from the cotton through the perforations of the door, by the exhausting action
of the fan, without allowing the filamentous substance to pass. This per-
forated door or division is employed in a somewhat similar position, but in
contradistinction to the solid and unperforated partition now in use, and may
be placed vertically or at an angle, and may be hinged or fixed permanently,
and as many of them may be employed as the kind of machine requires.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TURNING UP AND PULVERIZING THE SOIL OF LAND FOR CULTIVATION
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Waller Gill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1862.
I, JAMES WALLER GILL, of Woolfardisworthy, Crediton, in the County of
Devon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR TURNING UP AND PULVERIZING THE SOIL OF LAND FOR CULTIVATION,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention (which I propose to call a "rotary steam pulverizer,")
consists principally of a cylinder with plates, tines, or other suitable imple-
ments projecting therefrom, which cylinder is connected to a traction engine,
and is thereby drawn slowly over the land, at the same time that it is caused
to revolve rapidly on a horizontal axis by means of bands or suitable gearing
driven by the engine, and thus to turn up and pulverize the soil. The
cylinder is mounted in a frame provided with a rack and pinion, or other
suitable apparatus, by means of which it may be lowered, so as to turn up
and pulverize the soil to any required depth, or raised entirely off the surface
of the ground when desired. The plates or tines may either be fixed on the
circumference of the cylinder, or they may be connected to excentrics placed
inside the cylinder, and so arranged that the plates or tines shall project
through slots or openings in the cylinder at the lower part of the revolution,
but shall be withdrawn as the cylinder revolves, so as not to project beyond the
surface as they reach the upper side of the same. By these means the tines
or plates act upon the soil during the lower part of their revolution, but when

page_text: clear of the soil withdraw themselves into the cylinder, and thus clean them-
selves. The upper part of the cylinder is cleaned by a fixed scraper. Behind
the revolving cylinder is fixed a screen of perforated metal or wirework, which
as the pulverizer revolves, causes the coarse particles of the soil to fall down
first, whilst the finer particles pass through and lie upon the surface. For
some purposes where the soil is required to be more solid than this apparatus
would leave it, a series of rammers (also worked by the engine) may be
placed to follow the pulverizer. In some instances also where it is not con-
venient or desirable to have a traction engine pass over the land, the rotary
pulverizer may be attached to the back of a wheeled carriage (which is drawn
over the land by ropes from a fixed engine, or otherwise,) and driven by bands
from the wheels of the carriage, the said carriage being weighted and the
wheels spiked if found necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Walter Swinburne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1862.
I, ROBERT WALTER SWINBURNE, of South Shields, in the County of
Durham, Soda Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing soda from chloride of sodium, fused
under heat, by injecting into the fused mass at the bottom by preference, or
below the surface thereof, superheated steam or other suitable gaseous fluid.
The agent so introduced is brought into contact with every particle of the fused
mass, the chloride of sodium is decomposed, hydrochloric acid is formed, and
may be secured in any suitable holder, while soda or carbonate of soda remains
in the vessel in which the operation has been performed. Instead of acting
on the chloride of sodium in a state of fusion, my Invention also consists in
vaporizing it, and in injecting superheated steam, or other suitable gaseous
fluid into and amongst such vapor while contained in a heated retort or
vessel.
THE REPRODUCTION OF THE VARIOUS COLOURS AND TINTS OF CHROMO-LITHOGRAPHIC IMPRESSIONS ON GLASS, EARTHENWARE, CHINA, AND OTHER BODIES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wagstaff Yapp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
June 1862. A communication from Victor Mangin, of Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, GEORGE WAGSTAFF YAPP, of Elm Cottage, Old Brompton Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE REPRODUCTION OF THE VARIOUS COLOURS AND TINTS OF CHROMO-LITHOGRAPHIC
IMPRESSIONS ON GLASS, EARTHENWARE, CHINA, AND OTHER BODIES," to be as
follows:-
1st, the placing of the colours in such a manner as to produce harmonious
and brilliant tints, the addition or suppression of certain colours, and the
arrangement of such colours according to their degree of fusibility.
2ly, the employment of a peculiar varnish which possesses the property of
preventing the blistering of the superposed colours, and of facilitating the
operation of the work.
3ly, the employment of outline impressions in varnish in such a manner as
to produce perfect transfers.
4ly, the employment of an alloy mixed with gold so as to produce a great
saving in the precious metal, without in any way detracting from its solidity
or brilliancy. -
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BACON
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Andrew Boyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1862.
I, ROBERT ANDREW BOYD, of 11, Duke Street, Southwark, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BACON," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of bacon.
Heretofore in preparing the slaughtered carcases of pigs for making them into
bacon it has been customary to burn off the hair, bristles, and other matters
by flame or heat in a stove, or otherwise, or in the case of the smaller sized
pigs used for bacon, they have been scalded to remove the bristles and other
matters, and although this process saves the bristles, yet it does not secure
that tenderness of skin and the other advantages attained by passing them
through the fire. Now, according to my Invention, I prepare the carcases of
pigs for making them into bacon by first removing the bristles, by preference
by passing them through heated water or steam, (thus removing the hair,
bristles, and impurities,) and afterwards scorching or browning the skin by the
action of flame or heat in a stove or otherwise. By this means the bristles
are saved, and the advantages of scorching or browning are also attained.
A NEW PORTABLE CIRCULAR SAW
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Germain Alexandre Dallot,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th June 1862.
I, JULES GERMAIN ALEXANDRE DALLOT, of L'Isle Adam, in the Depart-
ment of Seine et Oise, in the Empire of France, Joiner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW PORTABLE CIRCULAR SAW,"
to be as follows:-
This saw is mounted on points, as also the shaft of the saw and the fly
wheel, and by this means less power is required than if mounted on bearings.
The points may be made either on the shaft or on the screws on which turns
the shaft of the saw. Motion is communicated by a crank to a toothed wheel,
thence to a second wheel which communicates it to a fly wheel placed on the
saw shaft. This is the method I prefer, but the fly wheel might be placed on
the driving shaft and the driving gear be more or less complicated. This
description of saw is set on a frame or table the toothed gearing on the side at
one end, and the fly wheel on the side in the centre and commanding the saw
which is in the centre of the table and placed so as to present nearly half its
diameter above the level of the table. On the top of the table is an iron or
wooden regulator for directing the wood so as to give the size desired. The
top of the table is moveable and is raised either at one end by a screw or
horizontally by screws with rag chain or by any other method. The lifting of
the table top or board gives the facility of making rebates, grooves, tenons and
similar work. Saws may also be constructed on my method with two cranks,
rag wheel and chain, driving band or toothed gearing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITING DESKS AND CASES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sanderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1862.
I, JAMES SANDERSON, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Dress-
ing Case and Desk Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITING DESKS AND CASES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to those desks known as tourists' and students' and
other like portable desks and cases.
My Invention consists in constructing these desks with two uprights to form
the sides of the desk. I place between these uprights compartments for
holding paper, envelopes, and instruments, and I provide one or more drawers
at the lower part or bottom of the compartments. I provide a pocket flap
or not, as may be required, at the back of the case, and the folding flap,
which is now formed of a single solid piece, I make double and hollow
to contain papers, letters, and the like. I also form spaces in the back
of the flap for containing ink and light holders. When closed, the folding
flap fits against the compartments and between the uprights, and a flap is
brought over the top and secured in a lock or catch on the outside of the
folding flap.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SMELTING FURNACES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Sheldon and James
Sheldon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd March 1862.
We, ABRAHAM SHELDON, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, Furnace
Builder, and JAMES SHELDON, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
Furnace Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SMELTING FURNACES," to be as
follows:-
The main object of this Invention is to prevent the loss of spelter which
takes place when the same in a state of fusion is sought to be amalgamated
with copper, in order to produce "yellow metal," such as is used for sheathing
ships. To accomplish this purpose we have constructed a smelting furnace,
in which there are two flues passing from the body of the furnace into the
chimney or stack; in one of the said flues, being that contiguous to tho
smelting chamber, there is a damper conveniently situated, which can be lowered
or transposed preparatory, to or during the smelting process, which more
effectually confines the spelter to the smelting bed or chamber until the yellow.
metal is in a condition to be removed therefrom. Near the centre of the
furnace and inside it there is another 'damper contiguous to the other flue
above mentioned, by means of which the smoke is released and regulated.