IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING OILS AND FATTY MATTERS, AND FOR FORMING AND MARKING THE CAKE PRODUCED IN THE MANUFACTURE
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Harker, of Great Driffield, in the County of
York, Engineer of the Driffield and East Riding Pure Linseed Cake
Company, Limited, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR EXPRESSING OILS AND FATTY MATTERS, AND FOR FORMING AND MARKING
THE CAKE PRODUCED IN THE MANUFACTURE."
Sealed the 5th July 1867, and dated the 1st April 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Harker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st April 1867.
I, JOHN HARKER, of Great Driffield, in the County of York, Engineer
of the Driffield and East Riding Pure Linseed Cake Company, Limited, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING OILS AND FATTY MATTERS, AND FOR FORMING AND
MARKING THE CAKE PRODUCED IN THE MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for expressing oils and
fatty matters from the seeds and substances in which those matters are con-
tained, and for forming and marking the cake produced. The bags in which
the oil-producing substances are contained are pressed between two metal
plates which have their interior surfaces corrugated, the plates are connected

page_text: together and held relatively in their proper position by a stiff hinge of leather
which is firmly rivetted to their inner ends. Attempts have been before made
to employ corrugated metallic plates, but such attempts have not been suc-
cessful, and I have discovered that such plates require to be specially formed
of such a shape as will prevent the bags containing the said oil-producing
substances being cut by the pressure to which they are subjected in the process
of extracting oil. The sides, therefore, of my metal plates are not bevelled or
inclined inwards in the manner in which they have been previously tried to be
used, as such sides are found to be destructive to the bags. I form on each side
of each of my metal plates a longitudinal rib which has no abrupt or sharp
edge, but forms a rounded ledge which is hollowed or channelled on the out-
side to allow free exit for the expressed oil; and in order to assist still further
this free exit vertical channels are formed in the sides of the pressing plates, and
corresponding channels are formed in the interior sides of the pressing boxes
in which the pressing plates are held. The outer ends of my plates are not
confined by a raised side with an abrupt or sharp edge, but are sloped off so
that a free opening is left to allow of the longitudinal elongation of the bag
containing the oil-producing substances.
By employing my improved form of plate and hinge all danger of the bags
being split open is obviated, the oil is more effectually expressed, a free exit
is provided for the oil, and at the same time a cake of superior form and con-
sistency is produced from the residuum without there being any necessity for
pairing its sides to bring it into the required shape.
Hitherto it has been usual to mark the cakes by stitching or otherwise
attaching to the bags in which the oil-producing materials are compressed
the marks or brands which are required to be impressed upon the cake, I
dispense with the employment of such means of marking, and I employ the
pressing plates as marking instruments by carving or forming in relief or
otherwise on their interior surfaces the marks or brands which are required
to be impressed 'upon the cake, by which means a much clearer and improved
mark or brand can be produced and much more economically than by the old
methods. In some cases instead of making corrugations or indentations in'the
pressing plates in one transverse direction only I make them diagonally and
chequerwise, but such form of indentation or corrugation may be varied in
any way that may be preferred.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Harker in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th July
1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HARKER, of Great Driffield, in the County of York, Engineer of the Driffield
and East Riding Pure Linseed Cake Company, Limited, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Harker, Her special licence that I, the said John Harker, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Harker, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING
OILS AND FATTY MATTERS, AND FOR FORMING AND MARKING THE CAKE PRODUCED
IN THE MANUFACTURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Harker, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar mouths next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Harker, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:--
My Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for expressing oils and
fatty matters from the seeds and substances in which those matters are con-
tained, and for forming and marking the cake produced. It will be fully
understood from the following description and the Drawings hereunto annexed.
The bags in which the oil-producing substances are contained are pressed
between two metal plates which have their interior surfaces corrugated. The
plates are connected together and held relatively in their proper position by a
metallic or leather hinge, as shown in the Drawings in Fig. I., n, n, and in
Fig. IV. The hinge is firmly rivetted to the ends of the plates, and is let in

page_text: level with the surface of the said plates. Attempts have been before made to
employ corrugated metallic plates, but such attempts have not been successful,
and I have discovered that such plates require to be specially formed of such
a shape as will prevent the bags containing the said oil-producing substances
being cut by the pressure to which they are subject in the process of extracting
oil. The sides therefore of my metal plates are not bevelled or inclined
inwards in the manner in which they have been previously tried to be used, as
such sides are found to be destructive to the bags. I form on each side of
each of my metal plates a longitudinal rib which has no abrupt or sharp edge,
but forms a rounded ledge terminated by a flat or slightly hollow surface
inclining outwards which is hollowed or channelled on the outside to allow
free exit for the expressed oil; and in order to assist still further this free exit
vertical channels are formed in the sides and ends of the pressing plates, see
Figs. I. and II., and corresponding channels are formed in the interior sides
and ends of the pressing boxes and side and end plates in which the pressing
plates are held. The outer ends of my plates are not confined by a raised or
curved projection with an abrupt or sharp edge, but are sloped or bevilled off,
so that a free opening is left to allow of the longitudinal elongation of the
bag containing the oil-producing substances, as shown in the Drawings in
Figs. I. and II.
By employing my improved form of plate and hinge all danger of the bags
being split open is obviated, the oil is more effectually expressed, a free
exit is provided for the oil, and at the same time a cake of superior form and
consistency is produced from the residuum, and when requisite the edges may
be made straight without there being any necessity for paring its sides to
bring it into the required shape.
Hitherto it has been usual to mark the cakes made by expressing oil from
seeds or other materials by stitching or otherwise attaching to the bags in
which the oil producing materials are compressed the marks or brands which
are required to be impressed upon the cake; I dispense with the employ-
ment of such means of marking, and I employ the pressing plates as marking
instruments by carving or forming in relief, or otherwise, on their interior
surfaces the marks or brands which are required to be impressed upon the
cake, see e, e, e, Fig. II., by which means a much clearer and improved
mark or brand can be produced, and much more economically than by the old
method. In some cases, instead of making corrugations or indentations in
the pressing plates in one transverse direction only, I make them diagonally
and chequerwise, but such form of indentation or corrugation may be varied
in any way that may be preferred.

page_text: My improvements are shown in detail in the Drawings annexed, where
Fig. I. is a side view in section; Fig. 2 is a plan of the metal plates as
used by me; Fig. III. is a view in section of one of the metal plates; Fig. IV.
is an end view of the metal plates and binge combined. The part colored
blue shows the metal, and the part colored drab is the hinge made of leather
or other suitable material. The same letters indicate corresponding parts in
all the Figures.
a, a, a, are the raised ribs or corrugations; c, c, c, are hollows; n, n,
is the hinge; b, b, b, are the side corrugations terminating in a flat or
slightly hollow surface sloping outwards. These sides should be raised to
about the same height as the ribs or corrugations, crossing the plates trans-
versely, and instead of being perfectly flat the surface should be extended
from the top of the longitudinal rib, so as to be very slightly bevelled outwards,
as shown in the Drawings at k, k, and in section in Fig. III. d, d, d, are
passages or gutters made in the sides of the metal plates, by which the oil
passes freely into the tanks when they are placed in pressing boxes. The
metal plates should be accurately fitted to the pressing boxes, and the side
passages are necessary to prevent the oil from being forced out at the open
end in front by pressure; if this were not effectually done great loss and
waste would ensue, so as to render the plates worthless for practical uses.
e, e, e, in Fig. II., are marking letters, and represent the means employed for
rendering the pressing plates branding or marking instruments. The cakes
may be branded or marked by letters or figures, or other marks, which are
carved or moulded in the plate itself, or are raised in relief upon the plate.
Having now described my Invention I would have it understood that I do
not claim generally the use of metal pressing plates having corrugated surfaces;
but what I claim is, the use of metal plates having their ledges and channels
and hinge constructed and applied, as described and shewn in the Drawings
annexed, and the employment of such plates having letters or marks formed
on their surfaces for expressing oil from seeds and other substances, and at the
same time marking the cake formed by the residuum.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Harker, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven.
JNO. HARKER. (L.S.)