Year: 1861

page_text: jacket, which is kept full of water, or it may be other fluid. The inlet and
outlet valves are placed overpassages formed in the end covers of the cylinder.
The valves are balanced on their seats by their spindles or stems being con-
nected to levers, the other ends of which have weights screwed thereon,
which are capable of adjustment, so that the pressure of the valves or their
seats may be adjusted. Above the upper valves and below the lower valves
there is another cover with covered man-holes to facilitate getting at the valves
and their adjusting weights. The ends of the pump cylinder are immersed in
water contained in suitable cisterns or vessels at the ends of the pump
cylinders, so that all the joints as well as the stuffing box, through which the
piston rod works, are covered with water. The piston rod is hollow, in order
to conduct lubricating fluid to the piston.
The evaporating apparatus is constructed with an upper and lower chamber,
which are combined by numerous upright parallel tubes of small diameter,
leaving spaces between them, in order that a suitable fluid, not subject to
freeze or form ice at temperatures suitable for freezing water, (salt and water
being preferred for the purpose,) may flow freely between the upright tubes.
This apparatus is placed in a cistern so as to be immersed in such fluid.
The outlet passages at the two ends of the cylinder of the pump aré, by a
suitable pipe, connected with one chamber of a like construction of tubular
apparatus used as a condenser. This second tubular apparatus, in place of
being upright in its cistern, as is the case with the evaporator, is horizontal,
and the cistern is kept supplied with cold water. It is found desirable to have
a much larger area of surface for the condenser than the evaporator, and it is
preferred to employ twice as many tubes in the condenser as are used in con-
structing the evaporator. From the other chamber a branch pipe descends,
which by a smaller pipe is connected to the lower chamber of the evaporator,
such smaller pipe having a long upright bend formed near the evaporator, and
it is the lower end of the leg of this bend which is connected to the lower
chamber, hence the readily-vaporizing fluid used in the evaporator (ether
being preferred for this purpose) in passing from the condenser not only
passes along the horizontal part of the smaller pipe, but it has to ascend and
descend the long bend of that pipe before it enters the lower chamber of the
evaporator. The upper and lower chambers of the evaporator are connected
by a tube external of the cistern of the evaporator, and a portion of the length
of this tube is of glass to indicate the height at which the ether or other fluid
is in the evaporator. At the lower part of the evaporator provision is made
for drawing off the ether or. other fluid therefrom, and such is the case with
other parts of the apparatus, in order that all the fluid may, when desired, be

page_text: withdrawn therefrom. The smaller pipe which conveys the ether or other
fluid back from the condenser to the evaporator, has, intermediate of its length,
a small chamber or close vessel, having therein a float and a valve so arranged
that no liquid passes beyond the vessel through the part of the smaller pipe to
the evaporator, excepting such as is admitted to pass the valve when the float
is supported on the ether or other fluid in the small vessel. At the lower
part of the cistern of the evaporator there is a pipe which connects it with a
vessel or covered chamber, in which the ice is produced or the freezing is
carried on, so that the chilled salt water or other proper fluid may pass freely
from the lower part of the cistern of the evaporator into such vessel or covered
chamber, and surrounds the vessels or compartments in which the water or
other fluids are contained, according as it is desired to produce slabs or blocks
of ice, or to freeze or cool water.or other fluid-in bottles or other vessels, or to
freeze suitable preparations for the production of ices. From the vessel or
covered chamber another pipe leads to a pump suitable for continually pumping
-back the salt water to the upper part of the cistern of the evaporator.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jules d'Adhémar de Labaume in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th May 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULES
D'ADHŔMAR DE LABAUME, of 9, Dorset Terrace, Clapham Road, in the County
of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Jules d'Adhemar de Labaume, Her special licence that I, the
said Jules d'Adhemar de Labaume, my executors,administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Jules d'Adhemar de Labaume, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter.during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention r "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COOLING
AND. FREEZING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS," a communication to me from abroad
by Edouard Blée, resident at 3, Rue d'Amboise, Paris, in the Empire of

page_text: France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jules
d'Adhemar de Labaume, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme
diately after. the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jules d'Adhemar de Labaume, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cooling and
freezing water and other fluids. For these purposes a pump is used of con-
siderable internal capacity, as compared with the interior capacity of the
tubular evaporating apparatus employed therewith. This pumpisactuated by
a steam engine or other suitable power. The two ends of the pump are
connected by a suitable pipe with the upper chamber or compartment of the
evaporating apparatus. The construction of this pump is peculiar, and is
shewn clearly at Sheet 1 of the Drawings. In order that no ether may escape
at the joints, the cylinder a is surrounded by a jacket b, which is kept full of
water, or it may be other fluid. The inlet and outlet valves c, c, are placed
over passages formed in the end covers of the cylinder. The valves are
balanced on their seats by their spindles or stemis being connected to levers d,
the other ends of which have weights e screwed thereon, which are capable of
adjustment, so that the pressure of the valves on their seats may be adjusted.
Above the upper valves, and below the lower valves, there is another cover f
with covered man-holes to facilitate getting at the valves and their adjusting
weights: The ends of the pump cylinder are immersed in water contained in
suitable cisterns or vessels y at the ends of the pump cylinder, so that all the
joints as well as the stuffing box through which the piston rod works are
covered with water. The piston rod is hollow, in order to conduct lubricating
fluid to the piston. The lubricating fluid is contained in the cup h, but ordi-
narily it is prevented from passing through the hollow passage in the piston.by
the screw i,the end of which stops the passage through the piston; when,how-
ever, it is desired to allow lubricating fluid to pass to the piston the screw i is
partly unscrewed, thus opening the passage. In order that the piston of thepump
may fit closely to the ends of the cylinder at the end of each stroke, the cross
head k, to which the piston rod is attached, has a longer stroke than the length

page_text: of stroke which can be given to the piston; the piston is thus brought against
the cover at the end of each stroke, and in order to prevent any of the parts
breaking, elastic pieces 7, 1, are introduced into the connection between the
piston rod and cross, head.
The evaporating apparatus, shewn at Sheet 3 of the Drawings, is constructed
with an upper and lower chamber, which are combined by numerous upright
parallel tubes m of small diameter, leaving spaces between them, in order that
a suitable fluid, not subject to freeze or form ice at temperatures suitable for
freezing water (salt and water being preferred for the purpose) may flow freely
between the upright tubes; this apparatus is placed in a cistern n, so as to be
immersed in such fluid. The outlet passages at the two ends of the cylinder
of the pump are by a suitable pipe o, as seen in Sheet 2, connected with one
chamber p', of a like construction of tubular apparatus, used as a condenser.
This second tubular apparatus p, shewn at Sheet 2 of the Drawings, in place
of being upright in its cistern, as is the case with the evaporator, is horizontal,
and the cistern is kept supplied with cold water. It is found desirable to have
a much larger area of surface for the condenser than the evaporator, and it is
preferred to employ twice as many tubes in the condenser as are used in con-
structing the evaporator. From the other chamber p2 of the condenser a
branch pipe descends, which by a smaller pipe q is connected to the lower.
chamber of the evaporator. The upper and lower chambers of the evaporator
are connected by a tuber external of the cistern n of the evaporator, and a
portion of the length of this tube is of glass, to in-licate the height at which
the ether or other fluid is in the evaporator. At the lower part of the eva-
porator provision is made for drawing off the ether or other fluid therefrom;
this is accomplished, as herein-after described, through the tap z; this tap.is
always covered with water, as shewn at Figure 2, Sheet. 1. At the lower part of
the cistern of the evaporator is a pipes, which is shewn to be connected with a
the freezing
vessel or covered chamber t, in which the ice is to be produced, or
carried
80 that the chilled salt water or other proper fluid may pass freely
from the lower part of the cistern of the evaporator into such vessel or covered
chamber, and surround the vessels or compartments in which the water or
other fluids are contained. The apparatus is suitable for producing slabs or
blocks of ice; but when it is desired to freeze or cool water or other fluid in
bottles or other vessels, orto freeze suitable preparations for the production of
ices, it is introduced into the top of an apparatus such as is shewn at u, u,
and it flows from the top compartment to the other compartments by suitable
pipes. From the vessel or covered chamber-t, or from the lower.compartment
of the apparatus u, another pipe v leads to a pump w suitable for con-
on,

page_text: tinually pumping back the salt water to the upper part of the cistern of the
evaporator.
When the apparatus is to commence working, the pneumatic pump, above
described, is employed to pump out the air contained in the apparatus, to
obtain as much of a vacuum as is necessary in the different parts of the appa-
ratus, the air being able to escape by the orifice y, which is made for the
purpose. The tap z of the evaporator is then put in communication with a
vessel z¹, see Sheet 1, containing the ether, and a suitable quantity of this
liquid is forced into the machine by the atmospheric pressure. All commu-
nication with the exterior is then stopped, and theapparatus is worked without.
any loss of ether, as there is always in each part of the apparatus a pressure
lower than the atmospheric pressure. The having the pressure in the
interior less than the atmospheric pressure is very important, as by this means
the amount of power required for working the machine is much diminished.
When the apparatus is to be stopped working for so long a time that air might
possibly enter into the apparatus the ether is drawn, out of the apparatus
through the cock z, at the same time opening the tap y.
When the apparatus
is again to be set to work the operation is conducted as before described.
When the apparatus is arranged as above described, it is in most cases useless
to place a float acting on a valve between the condenser and evaporator ; the
liquid will return by its own weight into the lower part of the apparatus as
soon as it has been condensed, and the circulation will be carried on freely and
continuously without any obstacle, with the exception of the pump valves.
: Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
combination of machinery herein described, for cooling and freezing water and
other fluids.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules d'Adhemar de Labaume, have
hereunto-set-my-hand-and-seal,this-Twenty-eighth-day-of-May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
J. D'ADHEMAR DE LABAUME. (L.S.)