IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOLDERS FOR CONTAINING LIQUID OR AIR AND OTHER AERIFORM FLUIDS, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN REFRIGERATORS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Davison. of London Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF HOLDERS FOR CONTAINING LIQUID OR AIR AND OTHER AERIFORM
FLUIDS, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN REFRIGERATORS."
Sealed the 16th March 1860, and dated the 21st September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Davison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
September 1859.
I, ROBERT DAVISON, of London Street, in the City of London, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOLDERS FOR CONTAINING LIQUID OR AIR AND OTHER AERIFORM
FLUIDS, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN REFRIGERATORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming holders by corrugating sheets of copper or
other metal, between rollers or otherwise, and in rivetting or fixing two of
such corrugated plates with the concave or hollow parts opposite each other,
so that each pair of corrugations throughout the breadth of the plate shall
form so many pipes, tubes, or holders as there are corrugations.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Davison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
DAVISON, of London Street, in the City of London, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Robert Davison, Her special licence that I, the said Robert
Davison. my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the
said Robert Davison, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOLDERS FOR CONTAINING LIQUID OR AIR AND OTHER ARRIFORM
FLUIDS, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN REFRIGERATORS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Robert Davison, my executors or adminis-
trators. by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Davison, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say :-
My Invention consists in forming holders by corrugating sheets of copper or
other metal between rollers, or otherwise, and in rivetting or fixing two of
such corrugated plates with the concave or hollow parts opposite each other,
so that each pair of corrugations throughout the breadth of the plate shall form
so many pipes, tubes, or holders, as there are corrugations; in other words, to
form a large number of hollow spaces or surfaces in a connected form (instead
of separate pipes or tubes) which for some purposes will be found more useful.
The plates when required of considerable thickness may be moulded and cast

page_text: In the usual way. The corrugations in thin plates are best formed by first
placing the metal sheets between a top and bottom die, and at every stroke or
fall of the upper die, to form one corrugation, and so on, until the whole sheet
is corrugated. Where it is required to bring the edges of the corrugations to
a square corner, it will be necessary to pass the sheets through a pair of con-
cave and convex rollers. When it is required to bend the corrugated plates
into semicircular or other curves, the said plates are passed through a series
of rolls in a manner which is well understood.
Having described the manner in which the said double corrugated plates
are made, I will now show how the same can be applied.
First, their application to the construction of refrigerators for cooling hot
worts. Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings, shows two corrugated plates
connected together according to my Invention; although only three corruga-
tions are shewn, yet any number can be made to face each other in a similar
manner. The plates are made, say in 8 or 10 feet, or any other lengths, and
are rivetted or soldered at the top and bottom edges with an occasional rivet
in the intervening spaces between the corrugations. The tubes at both ends
are fitted with a metal flange box with an india-rubber ring or other packing
inside, and are united by screws or bolts to a similar box, as shewn at Figures
2 and 3, which boxes are fitted on the semicircular bends, and the whole is so
placed as to cause a constant and continuous flow of cold water through the
tubes while the hot liquid is passing in a contrary direction outside. Figures
4,5, and 6, show in vertical section, longitudinal section, and plan respectively
a refrigerator, with the pipes made, arranged, and connected together in the
manner before described. The arrows shew the course of the water and
wort; the supply of these fluids is regulated by means well understood.
According to this arrangement it is quite optional which of the fluids (the hot
or cold) is made to pass through the tubes, but as the external surface of the
tubes is accessible at every part, it is preferred, for the sake of cleanliness, to
cause the hot worts to flow outside. The Figures shew the form of refrigerator
I prefer to employ, but the tubes may be jointed togetherin continuous straight
lengths, or in any other form best suited to the position in which the cooling is
required to take place. a is the wort supply pipe; 6, the exit pipe; c, c, are
the pipes through which the cold water circulates; d is the inlet; and e, the
exit for the water. The sides of mash tuns and other vessels may be formed
entirely of the double corrugated plates, and have either hot or cold fluids
passed through them for attemperating puposes.
Figures 7, 8, and 9, shew different views of a refrigerator or attemperator
for cooling beers in a fermenting state. It consists of two lengths of the

page_text: double corrugated plates bent to a semicircular form, and united by metal
boxes, as before described. The cooling medium in this instance passes through
the tubes, and by means of a stop in one of the boxes, it is caused to travel
twice round the circumference of the refrigerator before it makes its exit.
The arrows shew the course of the cold fluid. I prefer to form the refrigerators
of copper, and owing to the rigidity whichis given to this metal by corrugating
it, the weight need not exceed 16 ounces per foot. in many cases 12 ounces
are sufficient. The plates may be either tinned or electro-plated.
Second, Figures 10, 11, and 12, shrew in sectional views the application of
the double corrugated plates to roofing, in contradistinction to single plated
roofing, which is known to be very oppressive in warm weather. The air
contained between the double plates forms a good non-conductor of heat, be-
sides the roofing is rendered much more rigid and more suitable to large
spans, without a corresponding demand for ties or braces than when single
plated roofing is employed. The holders formed by the corrugations may
be made to contain hot or cold air, as required.
Again, for superheating steam, holders formed of my double corrugated
plates will be found of great value. Sets of the holders may be placed in the
flues in the chimney, or in any other passages for waste heat from furnaces.
I do not confine myself to any particular form of tube or plate, or to any
limited number of nses to which such double corrugated plates can be applied,
as those examples which are given are merely intended to illustrate the
applicability of holders formed of my double corrugated plates to various
useful purposes.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the forming of
pipes, tubes, or holders, by placing two corrugated plates with the concave or
hollow parts opposite each other, in such manner that each pair of corruga-
tions throughout the breadth of the plate shall form so many pipes, tubes, or
holders as there are corrugations, in manner herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Davison, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Twenty-first day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.
ROBT. DAVISON. (L.s.)