IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS. AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.”
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julius Frederick Moore Pollock, of Leeds, in the
County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS. AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.”
:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julius Frederick Moore
Pollock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 16th September 1875.
I, JULIUS FREDERICK MOORE POLLOCK, of Leeds, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery or appa-
ratus for making bricks, and for other purposes, and is more especially
designed to produce an improved brick-making machine of the semi-
plastic type, said machine embodying an improved pug mill and
improved apparatus for compressing the moulded bricks after they have
left the pug mill or mould filling appliance,

page_text: the delivery of the pressed brick, which is received on to a delivery
table or belt.
I prefer to drive the whole by a large pulley on the eccentric shaft,
but gearing may be used.
The pug mill shaft is arranged to approach the table by means of its
reciprocating motion when the table is at rest, and a mould is presented
for filling, and to recede from the table when this latter is in motion, so
as to relieve it whilst rotating or moving from the pressure of the clay,
and thus to reduce the force necessary for rotating the table.
It will be understood that in receding from the table space is left for
the clay to enter between the end knife and the face of the table, and
when the shaft again approaches the table it acts both as a rammer and
as a screw propeller, thus ensuring more perfect filling of the mould.
It will be evident that the arrangement of the machine may bo
modified to suit circumstances without departing from the distinctive
character of my Invention.
It will also be obvious that pug mills and compressing apparatus
according to my Invention may be respectively constructed to operate as
integral machines, in lieu of being arranged and used in combination, as
above set forth.
My improved pug mill may be used for pugging clay, peat, and other
substances; and all machines constructed according to my Invention
may be arranged for the manufacture of tiles
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Julius Frederick Moore Pollock in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 16th March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIUS
FREDERICK MOORE POLLOCK, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in

page_text: the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Julius Frederick Moore
Pollock, Her special license that I, the said Julius Frederick Moore
Pollock, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Julius Frederick Moore Pollock, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
-and-Isle of Man, an-Invention-for-"IMPROVEMENTS-IN-MACHINERY-OR-APPA-.
BATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon
the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Julius Frederick Moore Pollock, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julius Frederick Moore Pollock,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof and the Drawings
therein referred to (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery or appa-
ratus for making bricks, and for other purposes, and is more especially
designed to produce an improved brick-making machine of the semi-
plastic type, said machine embodying an improved pug mill and
improved apparatus for compressing the moulded bricks after they have
left the pug mill or mould filling appliance.
In the improved pug mill, forming part of my Invention, I give to
-the-shaft-a-compound motion, viz., a reciprocating motion in the direction
of the axis of the shaft in addition to and in conjunction with the usual
.
Another feature of my Invention relates to the compressing of the
moulded blocks after they have left the pug mill or other apparatus
whereby the moulds are filled. I cause. the said blocks to be simul-
taneously compressed from two directions, corresponding to two opposite.

page_text: sides of the brick or other article to be compressed, which is itself pre-
sented to the compressing plates, the mould table or plate having the
openings made entirely through it, and not being provided with either
top or bottom plates.
In constructing a machine according to my Invention a circular
mould table is arranged with its axis horizontal, the spaces for clay or
material to be moulded (preferably four in number) running quite
through the table horizontally. To facilitate explanation I will now
assume two of the moulds to be in the vertical linc and two in the hori-
zontal. Concentric (or thereabouts) with the upper mould in the vertical
line is the horizontal pug mill (which may be made shorter than is
usual). The table and pug mill thus placed are carried on two vertical
end frames, suitably stayed together. At the outer or driving end of the
pug mill shaft is a mitre wheel, carried in a bearing in the end frame,
and having a (preferably) square hole through it, through which the
shaft of similar form may pass freely to and fro, but must rotate with
the mitre wheel; this mitre wheel receives motion from another, tho
shaft of which crosses it horizontally at right angles and carries an
eccentric, which gives the reciprocating motion to the pug mill shaft
while it is rotating. Another eccentric on the same shaft operates one
long arm of a triangular lever, the short arm of which works one com-
pressing plate, while another long arm, through the medium of a
connecting rod and another lever on the other side of the mould table,
works the opposite plate, the two approaching cach other when the
mould containing the brick is in line between them. The pressure being
given, the table is made. to rotate by a pin and star wheel motion, the
pin of which is carried on a disc formed on the back of the mitre wheel
driving the pug mill shaft. The lower end of the triangular lever is
extended to give motion to a rocking shaft, which actuates a slide for
the delivery of the pressed brick, which is received on to a delivery
table or belt.
I prefer to drive the whole by a large pulley on the eccentric shaft,
but gearing may be used.
The pug mill shaft is arranged to approach the table by means of its
reciprocating motion when the table is at rest and a mould is presented
for filling, and to recede from the table when this latter is in motion, so
as to relieve it whilst rotating or moving from the pressure of the clay,
and thus to reduce the force necessary for rotating the table.

page_text: It will be understood that in receding from the table space is left for
the clay to enter between the end knife and the face of the table, and
when the shaft again approaches the table it acts both as a rammer and
as a screw propeller, thus ensuring more perfect filling of the mould.
It will be evident that the arrangement of the machine may be
modified to suit circumstances without departing from the distinctive
character of my Invention.

page_text: imparted to the triangular lever 9; this lever 9 is connected at the upper
end by the connecting rod g¹ to a second lever h, and at its lower end by
another connecting rod g² direct to the pressing plate i; the second
lever his connected at or about its centre by a connecting link h¹ to the
5 second pressing plate j. The lever 9 has its fulcrum at g³, and the
lever has its fulcrum at h³.
k is a hopper by which the clay is fed into the pug mill 2, l, through
which it is forced by means of the combined rotary and reciprocating
motions of the pug mill shaft ƒ into one of the dies or moulds in the
mould table or plate m; this table has preferably four moulds, as shewn,
which are formed entirely through it, and receives intermittent motion
by means of a star wheel m² at the end of its shaft m² and a pin m³ at
the back of the mitre wheel e', as is fully shewn in the Drawing at
Fig. 4, the arrangement being such as to fix and determine the position
of the mould table or plate between each motion.
The mould table or plate works between the two pressing plates i
and j, which in approaching each other by means of the levers already
described, enter into each mould in turn, and compress the material con-
tained in the mould from both sides simultaneously and equally.
The triangular lever g carries at its lower portion an arm gʻ which
through the medium of the links n and o, the rocking shaft p, and the
lovers p¹ and p³, imparts reciprocating motion to the slide 2, which,
passing through the lowest mould, causes the brick which has been pro-
viously formed therein to be delivered on the shelf ready for removal
by the attendant.
A delivery belt for removing the bricks to a distance, driven from any
convenient portion of the machine, may be substituted for the shelf ".
The slide q may be arranged to lubricate the sides of the moulds in its
1

page_text: Figs. 9 and 10 (Sheet 2) shew in front and side elevation respectively
another arrangement of brick-making machine, embodying that part of
my Invention having reference to pug mills. The preceding machine
having been fully described, it is unnecessary to enter fully into all the
details of the one now under consideration, since it is simply intended to
shew the application of my improved pug mill to a vertical machine and
a mould table of ordinary construction, which may be arranged as a
drum, as shewn, or as a flat table, as in the machine forming the subject
of Letters Patent granted to me in 1869 (No. 2911).
a, a, is the pug mill; b, the pug mill shaft receiving rotary motion
through mitre wheels c, c', and reciprocating motion from the eccentric d¹
on the shaft d, which is driven by gearing and pulleys, as shewn; e is
the mould table or drum, receiving intermittent motion through a
ratchet arrangement at f, or other convenient means, and the crank
ping, and connecting rod g¹; a second rocking lever gives the pressure
through an arm and sliding plate h³, being actuated by the eccentric h³,
or other convenient means. The bricks are delivered at the bottom
mould e¹ on to a travelling belt or other convenient receptacle, not
shewn in the Drawing, but which will be readily understood. i, i, are
frames carrying the machinery and gearing; and j, j¹, are the driving
pulleys.
It will be evident that the mould table or plate m, as described with
reference to the machine illustrated in Figs. 1 to 8 of the accompanying
Drawings, together with its pressing plates i and j, and the combination
of levers and connecting links g, g', g³, h and h³, as described, or their
equivalents, may be used in a machine of which a pug mill forms no
part, or in which the receiving die is fed by means of a sliding feeder or
charger in any of the various ways which are well known among makers
and users of brick-making machinery.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode of
carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark that I do not
confine myself to the precise arrangements shewn in the Drawings, as
some of the details may be modified to suit circumstances without
departing from the distinctive features of my Invention. I desire to
have it understood that I do not claim generally as of my Invention the
compressing of blocks of clay or other similar material by plates in a
mould table; nor, save and except as herein-after mentioned, do I

page_text: intend to claim any of the mechanical parts of the apparatus herein-
before shewn and described when taken separately and apart from the
combination or application thereof in manner and for the purposes
herein described; but what I consider to be novel and original and
therefore claim as secured to me by the berein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. My combined machine, substantially as shewn in Figs. 1 to 8,
its essential points being the eccentric shaft, pug mill arrangement,
mould table or plate with star and pin wheel motion, compressing appa-
ratus with combination of levers as described, and delivery slide.
Secondly. My improved pug mill, with its combined reciprocating
and rotary motions, by which the mould table, or plate, or drum is
relieved of pressure while in motion, and filling is rendered more
secure, and driving power and wear and tear reduced.
Thirdly. My improved arrangement of mould table and pressing
plates, the mould table carrying no plates with it, but presenting the
block of material to be compressed simultaneously and with equal effect
from both sides, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julius Frederick Moore Pollock,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of
March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-six.
JULIUS F. M. POLLOCK. (L.S.)