Improvements in and Connected with Heating, Drying, and Circulating Air, Applicable for Heating and Drying Articles and Objects in Closed Chambers, Rooms, or Closets.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1887
Complete Left, 12th Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 18th, May. 1888
Improvements in and Connected with Heating, Drying, and
Circulating Air, Applicable for Heating and Drying Articles
and Objects in Closed Chambers, Rooms, or Closets.
I, JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of Emlyn Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer do, hereby declare the nature of my said invention to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to use the hot air produced in connection with
drying closets, Turkish baths, timber drying chambers and the like over and over
again and at the same time to effect an automatic deposition and collection of a
by such air,
the closed closet, room, or chamber; also to obtain an automatic circulation of
the air.
certain quantity of water, or vapour of water, or other liquid taken heat within
such vapour being given off from the articles, or objects subjected to
According to this Invention an automatic circulation of the air and an automatic
disposition of the vapour absorbed by the air used in drying closets, chambers and
rooms, Turkish baths and equivalent purposes is effected as follows:
I will take the case of a linen drying closet as a suitable instance of the applica-
bility thereto of my Invention and describe it with reference to it. The air used is
heated by coming in contact with surfaces heated by gas at the lower portion of the
closet for instance the bottom of the closet may be directly heated. The heated air
ascends to the upper part of the closet and passes out at that part by a suitable pipe,
or duct. It is then led round and redelivered into the lower portion of the closet but
this circulation is automatic and is rendered possible by causing the hot air coming
from the closet to become partially cooled, this being effected by automatic means,
namely exposure of a certain quantity of the pipe through which the air is led to the
cooler outside air, or by a water cooled pipe. In the cooling a certain quantity of
vapour of water-being the vapour of the water taken up by the hot air from the wet,
or damp clothes within the closet-is automatically deposited upon the internal and
cooler surface of the pipes. The pipes, or ducts are so constructed and arranged that
the condensed vapour gravitates to a point of collection whence it
be led away
may

page_text: by a trap syphon, or tap, or any suitable means.
The air is cooled to as small an
extent as possible and consistent with the necessary automatic circulation of air and
economy of fuel. That is the air is cooled only to such an extent as will cause it to
deposit as much vapour as will keep it in a condition that will absorb readily fresh
vapour given off from the clothes at each rotation of the air. If this amount of
deposition be obtained the automatic circulation of the air is indirectly assured.
To secure this circulation the entrance of the partially cooled air must take place
at the lower portion of the closet (as above stated) and in such a manner that it will
not become reheated to any extent before actual entry into the closet, or free from the
pipe, or main. The effect desired and thus obtained being an absence of back pressure
in such re entry pipe. Such a back pressure would take place were the air introduced
and distributed by a pipe, or system of pipes within the closet and subjected to
any considerable heat.
A simple form of water depositor may consist of a certain length of pipes, or a
chamber having an internal lining having a capillary attractive nature, such as cloth
by which the water is absorbed and gravitates to the bottom of it. The air reentry
pipe may be fixed to this chamber some distance above the bottom of it. The water
collected in the chamber, or pipes may be drawn off in any suitable way.
It will be observed that for effecting the circulation of the air and the deposition of
the vapour from it no power is required, or moving parts necessary, at the same time
the air with a great portion of the heat given it is used over and over again and does
not require the introduction of any fresh air for its effective working, but it may be
desirable on other grounds to change the air to a certain extent and gradually.
When applying this Invention to drying wood and for heating Turkish baths and
equivalent uses, the essential features above described are in like manner employed
and carried out, the objects, or articles from which the vapour exudes, or is driven
being immaterial.
ותנית
17 1
T
1007

page_text: Improvements in and Connected with Heating, Drying, and
Circulating Air, Applicable for Heating and Drying Articles
and Objects in Closed Chambers, Rooms, or Closets.
I, JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of Emlyn Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This Invention has for its object, amongst other things to use the hot air produced
in connection with drying closets, Turkish baths, timber drying chambers, and the
like, over and over again, and at the same time to effect an automatic deposition and
collection of a certain quantity of water, or vapour of water, or other liquid taken up
by such air, such vapour being given off from the articles, or objects subjected to heat
within the closed closet, room, or chamber; and also to obtain an automatic circulation
of the air.
According to this Invention an automatic circulation of the air, and an automatic
deposition of the vapour absorbed by the air used in drying closets, chambers and
rooms, Turkish baths, and equivalent purposes is effected as follows:-
I will take the case of a linen drying closet as a suitable instance of the applicability
thereto of my Invention, and describe it with reference to it. The air used is heated
by coming in contact with surfaces heated by gas at the lower portion of the closet;
for instance the bottom of the closet may be directly heated. The heated air ascends
to the upper part of the closet and passes out at that part by a suitable pipe or duct.
It is then led round and re-delivered into the lower portion of the closet, but this
circulation is automatic, and is rendered possible by causing the hot air coming from
the closet to become partially cooled, this being effected by automatic means, namely
exposure of a certain quantity of the pipe through which the air is led to the cooler
outside air, or by a water cooled pipe. In the cooling a certain quantity of vapour of
water-being the vapour of the water taken up by the hot air from the wet or damp
clothes within the closet-is automatically deposited upon the internal and cooler
surfaces of the pipes. The pipes or ducts are so constructed and arranged that the
condensed vapour gravitates to a point of collection, whence it may be led away by a
trap, syphon, or tap, or any suitable means. The air is cooled to as small an extent
as possible and consistent with the necessary automatic circulation of air and economy
of fuel. That is the air is cooled only to such an extent as will cause it to deposit as
much vapour, as will keep it in a condition, that will absorb readily fresh vapour
given off from the clothes at each rotation of the air. If this amount of deposition
be obtained, the automatic circulation of the air is indirectly assured.

page_text: .
To secure this circulation the entrance of the partially cooled air must take place at
the lower portion of the closet, (as above stated) and in such a manner that it will
not become reheated to any extent before actual entry into the closet, or free from the
pipo or main. The effect desired and thus obtained being an absence of back pressure
in such re-entry pipe. Such a back pressure would take place were the air introduced
and distributed by a pipe, or system of pipes, within the closet, and subjected to any
considerable heat..
A simple form of water depositor may consist of a certain length of pipes, or a
chamber having an internal lining having, a capillary attractive nature, such as cloth,
by which the water is absorbed and gravitates to the bottom of it. The air re-entry
pipe may be fixed to this chamber some distance above the bottom of it. The water
collected in the chamber, or pipes may be drawn off in any suitable way.
In the accompanying Drawings Figures 1. 2 and 3 represent in section, plan, and
end elevation, respectively, of a simple arrangement of drying closet, particularly
applicable for drying clothes and textile articles, embodying my Invention, and con-
structed substantially in the manner just above described. In the drawings A designates
the walls of the closet. B is the door mounted on rollers 6¹ and having affixed to it a
horse 2. C is the floor of the closet, D is a gas "Bunsen" burner, and E the outlet
pipe for burnt gases. F is the air circulating outlet pipe, G is the portion of this
pipe cooled-in this instance by water circulated through. the casing or jacket H-
where the disposition of water takes place, and I is the return air inlet. The positions
of the air outlet and inlet shown on the drawings are those I have found most effective
in respect of the vigour of the circulation of the air.
The walls A are composed of a sheet metal lining a¹, of a type not readily oxidized,
such as galvanised or tinned sheet iron, or steel on the inside, and a wood sheeting or
case a on the exterior, and between these I introduce non conducting substance such
as paper, or sawdust which is designated a³.
The door when closed makes a joint of sufficient tightness with the edges of the
walls A by bevelling the edges of the door and walls as shown, and abutting them
against each other.
To prevent injury to articles that may fall off the horse, I provide a false bottom c¹
raised slightly above and out of contact with the bottom floor C and the flames or hot
gases of the burner D. The false bottom is by preference made of perforated metal,
or wire gauze. It will be evident that, if in case the articles did fall upon the false
bottom c¹, they would not be injured by heat, as would be the case were this provision
not made.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-As the heat of the gas jets of the
burner D, plays upon the floor C, it, and the air within the closet, becomes heated and
rises towards the upper part of the closet, passing on its way the moist or wet articles.
The moisture of the wet articles is absorbed by the air and is carried up by it to the
top of the closet, leaving it by the pipe F. It passes through this pipe, becoming
somewhat cooled, until it arrives in the cooled portion G. Here it comes under the
influence of the cooling jacket H, and the chill the air receives, causes a portion of the
vapour it contains, to be deposited upon the surface of the pipe. After this, the air
passes on by the pipe I and reenters the closet near the bottom. Here it is again heated
by the hot floor of the closet, and reascends, when the cycle is again and again
repeated as often as required, until the articles are sufficiently dried, when the door
is opened and the horse drawn out, and the articles removed.
It is to be observed, the degree to which the air is cooled, will necessarily depend
upon the rapidity of drying users of the apparatus may require, and the amount of
gas they may be disposed to use for removing a given quantity of moisture from
articles. The volume of gas used, will increase proportionately with the increase in
the rapidity of cooling, and deposition of water in the pipe G.
The jacket H is supplied with water through the inlet pipe h¹ and outlet pipe /², and
these pipes may be connected to a tank (not shown) in the manner usually adopted in
connection with gas engines, whereby the same water may be circulated and repeatedly
used.

page_text: The vapour condensed in the pipe G, from the air, falls to the bottom of that pipe
and is led from thence by a pipe g.
It will be observed that for effecting the circulation of the air and the deposition of
the vapour from it, no power is required, or moving parts necessary, at the same time
the air with a great portion of the heat given off is used over and over again, and
does not require the introduction of any fresh air for its effective working; but it
may be desirable on other grounds to change the air to a certain extent, and
gradually.
A simple modification of the arrangement of the closet above set forth with
reference to Figures 1 to 3, whereby this gradual change of air may be effected is
illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6, which represent elevation, plan, and end view,
respectively, of the apparatus. In this case the fresh air is introduced through the
apertures in the floor C, and the air from the cool pipe G, instead of being re intro-
duced into the closet, is led into the atmosphere. It will be observed the air is led
out at about the same level as the fresh air is introduced into the closet. I have found
that by this particular arrangement, 1 am enabled to obtain a more rapid drying of
articles than with the arrangement set forth with reference to Figures 1. 2 and 3, but
with a somewhat greater consumption of gas. In this instance the burner Dis
enclosed in a shield d¹ and the renewal air, before entering by the apertures k, enters
through the front apertures d², and then travels along over the lower surface of the
floor C and the shield d², thereby becoming partially heated before entering the closet.
This form of apparatus is more particularly applicable for small drying closets, where
rapidity of action is more important than a very small consumption of gas. It will
be observed that beyond the points of difference just named, to the apparatus set forth
with reference to Figures 1. 2 and 3, the remaining parts are similar, and operate in
the same way.
When applying this Invention to drying wood, and for heating Turkish baths, and
equivalent uses, the essential features above described are in like manner employed
and carried out, the objects or articles from which the vapour exudes, or is driven off
being immaterial.
I would state in conclusion that the example of apparatus I have particularly set
forth, merely constitutes one arrangement involving my Invention, and that for the
various arrangements and construction of chambers, rooms, or closets, heating
appliances, and sorts of fuel, will necessarily have to be employed to suit the particular
requirements of the application.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
First. The method herein described for the purposes specified, by which air is
heated, the moisture taken up by it is deposited, and said air is circulated.
Second. The method of drying articles or objects in closed chambers rooms, or
closets herein described, which consists in heating the air within a chamber, room, or
closet by contact with heated surfaces, passing the air so heated over, or about the
articles, then cooling the air, and then re-introducing said air to the chamber, room,
or closet substantially as set forth.
Third. The method of drying articles or objects in closed chambers, rooms, or
closets herein described which consists in supplying air at the lower part of the said
chamber, room, or closet, heating the air within the said chamber, room, or closet by
contact with heated surfaces passing the air so heated over or about the articles, then
leading the air out of the chamber, room, or closet, and cooling it, and then expelling
it substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The method herein described of heating, drying and circulating air for the
purposes set forth, which consists in, (1) heating the air by contact with a heated
surface within a closed chamber, (2) leading such heated air from the upper part of
such chamber and cooling it, and (3) re introducing such cooled air, substantially as
set forth.

page_text: Fifth. In apparatus of the type herein described the combination with a chamber
in which the articles are heated and dried, of a cooling pipe, device, or appliance,
communicating with the upper and lower portion of the chamber, or the atmosphere,
operating as and for the purposes set forth.
Sixth. The drying closet or chamber arranged, constructed and operating as, or 5
substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 1. 2 and 3 of the Drawings.
Seventh. The drying closet or chamber arranged, constructed and operating as, or
substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the Drawings.
1121
Γ
C A
1 1000
OHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
15, Water Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents.
OHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
15, Water Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents.