IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Robson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1883.
JAMES ROBSON of 247 Icknield Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
"
My improvements relate to motive power engines worked by the. internal
explosion of gas or vapour and air, and consist mainly as follows:-
A cylinder, piston and rod is connected to a crank shaft and fly wheel-In the
vertical kind, the cylinder is closed at top end and open at the bottom end, and has
an annular channel holding oil, into which the lower edge of the piston partly dips
at each bottom stroke for oiling the cylinder. The rod of this main piston is
hollow, with a packing box at bottom end, through which works a rod fixed into a
secondary or displacing piston working in same cylinder-On the outer end of
main piston rod is a smaller cylinder, closed at bottom, having a piston working in it,
and fixed to the bottom end of displacer piston rod. When the main piston nearly
completes its down stroke, it uncovers first an exhaust port in cylinder side, leading
into a closed chamber, and then a second exhaust port leading to the atmosphere,
when part of the exhaust in the closed chamber returns to the cylinder and out
of the second exhaust port, and assists in drawing in a charge-When the main
piston is at about the end of its bottom stroke, the displacing piston is released
from a vice-like gripper at the top of main cylinder, worked by levers and
eccentric on main shaft and is quickly drawn down by the pressure of the
atmosphere on the top side of the piston working in the bottom small cylinder, and
thus expels the exhaust, and recharges the main cylinder by way of an inlet
valve opening and closing air and gas entrances.-The main piston rising expels a
large part of the remaining exhaust until it passes the exhaust ports, when it
compresses the gaseous mixture into end chamber of cylinder and portways, and at
ID 1071

page_text: the same time raises the displacing piston, which has selfacting valves on it, to
allow the charge to get through it and remain between it and the main piston.-
When the main piston is at the top of its stroke, the gases are exploded and propel
it down and its rod with small cylinder attached.-The small cylinder now creates
a vacuum between its bottom end and small piston on secondary piston rod end,
for drawing secondary piston down when released from the vice gripper at top of
main cylinder, when main piston is near the bottom of its stroke. A slide valve
with small part of cylinder gases passed through it a little before exploding, and
regulated by a screw valve, and a thimble or cavity filled with glass metallic or
other beads, and outside standing flame lights this part of gas coming through slide,
and while burning, it is carried by slide into the cylinder and explodes the gases
therein. The secondary piston might be worked by a lever pulled down by a
similar vacuum cylinder and piston or springs, and lifted up again by an eccentric on
the crank pin, which would give the secondary piston the full travel of the cylinder
and expel nearly all the exhaust Or when main piston is at half its stroke, it
would uncover exhaust ports in cylinder's side, a nut or stop on the displacer piston
rod end working half way along in main piston rod would draw the secondary
piston to half stroke when the main piston had finished its outstroke, expelling
part of the exhaust, and drawing in a fresh charge-On the return of the main
piston from the end of its outstroke to the middle of the cylinder, it will expel
nearly all the exhaust, and then propel the secondary piston to end of cylinder, and
at same time compress the gases to be exploded on next outstroke.
Or
Further, my Invention relates to improvements on my gas motors, which use one
end of a cylinder and piston to compress a charge into a reservoir, and using the
compressed charge to expel and replace the exhaust at the other end of the cylinder
and piston. In this new arrangement, I draw into one end of the cylinder a
mixture of gas and air scarcely explodable, or air alone, and compress it into a
reservoir; on the advance of the piston, it uncovers the exhaust ports in side of
cylinder, which ports may be controlled by a valve worked by cam or eccentric;
the pressure in cylinder is now relieved and permits the compressed fluid in the
reservoir to lift a valve and expel and replace the exhaust contained in the other
end of cylinder; the compressed fluid on entering the cylinder from the reservoir
passes through one or more coned nozzles, placed inside another coned injector
formed passage or passages, and creates a partial vacuum in this passage, and draws
into it, a further supply of air and gas or gas alone by way of an inward
self-acting valve covering gas supply ports and air ports from atmosphere-The
combined gases now rush into and expel and replace the exhaust by a fresh charge
-On the back or return stroke of the piston the charge is compressed into end
chamber of cylinder and portways, and then exploded for the next ontstroke.
in modifications using a separate charging pump worked from the crank for putting
the fluids under compression, I prefer using separate pumps for the air and gas, and
delivering their compressed contents direct to the back end of cylinder, through
the lift valve, closing air and gas entrances by its motion--The governor may act
by cutting off the gas supply or it may keep open the air inlet valve at front end
of cylinder, and breathe air in and out without compressing into reservoir-In
starting these engines I keep open the front air inlet valve on front end of cylinder
and turn the engine round to half stroke, so as to draw in an explosive mixture by
way of the gas and air inlet valve at back end of cylinder and then explode thei
through a small hole in the portway by means of a small outside burning flame
moved to or from the hole, or by a shield plate moved from between the flame and
hole so as to let the flame enter the hole and cause explosion.-This propels the
piston to end of outstroke; on the piston passing the exhaust port, it reduces the
pressure in the cylinder; a secondary exhaust valve on the end of cylinder now
opens by its weight or a spring, and permits the now low pressure exhaust to pass
out of it until the piston ends its exhausting stroke, and then commences its next
outstroke, drawing in a fresh charge of gas and air to be exploded at half stroke
again. During the drawing in of charge, the secondary exhaust valve drops, but

page_text: closes the entrance of any back exhaust by another valve on its stem on the outside
of the cylinder.-When the engine has attained a good speed, I release the first
front air entrance valve, and allow it to act, and close up the small exploding hole
and secondary exhaust, when the engine will run on the compressing system.
I sometimes inject a little water into the cylinder just after explosion has taken
place by means of a double ram pump, one ram, the largest, being held back by a
spring overcoming the compressing pressure in main cylinder, this ram may be in
constant communication with the cylinder; the spring al-o draws into the smaller
ram cylinder through a suction valve a charge of water, and on explosion taking
place, it drives the gas pressure ram out, and attached to its outer end the smaller
water ram, and delivers its charge of water through a delivery valve into the main
cylinder, or an ordinary injector may be used for this purpose.
In gas motors wherein a charge of gas and air or air only and gas by a separate
pump or injector is compressed into alternate reservoirs by front end of a cylinder
and piston, and then exploded in the reservoir when put in communication with
the back end of cylinder and piston, I use circular disc valves opening into each
reservoir from front end of cylinder, and held to their faces by springs, overcoming
the compressing pressure unless relieved by an eccentric and lever motion, and
circular disc valves held on their faces by springs and opening from reservoir into
back end of cylinder-These valves are moved by an eccentric working a rocking
lever, but can only move the valves when a block piece is inserted by the motion
of a pawl wheel with a number of teeth, and fixed to and moving a cam with half
the number of teeth, which inserts or withdraws the block piece for moving the
valves alternately, according as it is on or off a can tooth In motor engines for
giving rotary motion to a shaft by the explosion driving a piston quickly along a
cylinder, and storing its energy up in springs or vacuum cylinders attached to the
piston; and then gripping a disc on the main shaft and revolving it in the back
stroke. I use a lever pivotted on the shaft at each side of the disc; these levers
are drawn together by a left and right hand screw working in each lever.-There
is a short lever on the screw jointed on to the piston rod, so that when the piston
moves one way, it turns the screw, and opens the levers from the disc sides, and
leaves the levers free to turn round the disc, but on the piston rod reversing its
motion, it turns the screw the other way and tightens the levers, and grips the
disc, and compels it to turn with the piston rod motion.-When this engine is used
for working lifts, elevators, or cranes by an endless worm and wheel, I use two
sets of levers on opposite diameters of the disc, with two connecting rods to piston
rod, and hold the gripping screws by a catch on either one side of the disc or the
other, according as motion is wanted right or left.
The gas cut off valve may be moved open or shut by its spindle being attached
to a flexible diaphragm, so that when the engine draws on the gas, the pressure of
the atmosphere outside the diaphragm opens the gas valve, which is closed again
by a spring; a centrifugal governor inserts a stop, and prevents the diaphragm
opening the gas valve when the speed is too great; or instead of a centrifugal
governor, another diaphragm or small air cataract cylinder may by its piston and
rod stop the action of the gas valve and its diaphragmn. This piston is moved one
way every revolution of the engine, and draws in air freely by a valve, and then
moved the opposite way by a spring, and its speed regulated by a screw valve
holding the confined air more or less in, so that if the engine speed be too high
this cataract has not time to move back and release the gas valve and diaphragin,
and thus stop the gas supply.
I sometimes use a turbine or small engine worked by any water pressure for
starting gas motors, by having a friction pulley on the turbine shaft, and pressing
the pulley by a lever or screw against the fly wheel rim to put the motor in
motion So as only to necessitate a small water service pipe, I let the water
slowly charge an air vessel or accumulator, and then deliver this water to the
starting engine through a large pipe, so as to keep up a high speed for a short
time Or an electrical dynamo may be used, first when the engine is running to

page_text: run the dynamo by a friction pulley on its shaft being pressed against the rim of
engine fly wheel, and store the electrical energy in an electrical secondary battery
and then start the engine by the battery and dynamo friction pulley being pressed
against rim of engine wheel.
I can also use steam derived from the cylinder water jacket of gas motors, and
waste heat of the exhaust to inject the fresh charge into the cylinder, or draw the
exhaust out and fresh charge in by being placed in exhaust ports.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Robson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
August 1883.
"
JAMES ROBSON of 247 Icknield Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick
'IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
"
My improvements relate to motive power engines worked by the internal
explosion of gas or vapour and air and consist First-Of a cylinder piston and rod
connected to a crank shaft and fly wheel. In the vertical kind the cylinder is
closed at top end and open at the bottom end and has an annular channel holding
oil into which the lower edge of the piston partly dips at each. bottom stroke for
oiling the cylinder. The rod of this main piston is hollow with a packing box at
bottom end through which works a rod fixed into a secondary or displacing piston
working in same cylinder. On the outer end of main piston rod is a smaller
cylinder closed at bottom having a piston working in it and fixed to the bottom
end of displacer piston rod. When the main piston nearly completes its down
stroke it uncovers first an exhaust port in cylinder side leading into a closed
chamber, and then a second exhaust port leading to the atmosphere when part of
the exhaust in the closed chamber returns to the cylinder and out of the second
exhaust port and assists in drawing in a charge. When the main piston is at about
the end of its bottom stroke the displacing piston is released from a vice like
gripper at the top of main cylinder worked by levers and eccentric on main shaft
and is quickly drawn down by the pressure of the atmosphere on the top side of
the piston working in the bottom small cylinder and thus expels the exhaust and
recharges the main cylinder by way of an inlet valve opening and closing air and
gas entrances The main piston rising expels a large part of the remaining exhaust
until it passes the exhaust ports when it compresses the gaseous mixture into end
chamber of cylinder and portways and at the same time raises the displacing
piston which has self acting valves on it to allow the charge to get through it and
remain between it and the main piston. When the main piston is at the top of its
stroke the gases are exploded and propel it down, and its rod with small cylinder
attached. The small cylinder now creates a vacuum between its bottom end and
small pistou on secondary piston rod end, for drawing secondary piston down when
released from the vice gripper at top of main cylinder when main piston is near

page_text: the bottom of its stroke. A slide valve with small part of cylinder gases passed
through it a little before exploding and regulated by a screw valve and a thimble
or cavity filled with glass metallic or other beads, an outside standing flame, lights
this part of gas coming through slide and while burning it is carried by slide into
the cylinder and explodes the gases therein. The secondary piston might be
worked by a lever pulled down by a similar vacuum cylinder and piston or springs,
and lifted up again by an excentric on the crank pin, which would give the
secondary piston the full travel of the cylinder and expel nearly all the exhaust.
Or when main piston is at half its stroke it would uncover exhaust ports in
cylinders side, a nut or stop on the displacer piston rod end working half
way along in main piston rod would draw the secondary piston to half stroke
when the main piston had finished its outstroke, expelling part of the exhaust and
drawing in a fresh charge, on the return of the main piston from the end of its
out-stroke to the middle of the cylinder it will expel nearly all the exhaust and
then propel the secondary piston to end of cylinder and at same time compress the
gases to be exploded on next outstroke. Second. My invention relates to improve-
inents on my gas motors which use one end of a cylinder and piston to compress a
charge into a reservoir and using the compressed charge to expel and replace the
exhaust at the other end of the cylinder and piston, in this new arrangement I
draw into one end of the cylinder a mixture of gas and air scarcely explodable, or
air alone, and compress it into a reservoir, on the advance of the piston it uncovers
the exhaust ports in side of cylinder, which ports may be controlled by a valve
worked by cam or excentric the pressure in cylinder is now relieved, and permits
the compressed fluid in the reservoir to lift a valve and expel and replace the
exhaust contained in the other end of cylinder, the compressed fluid on entering
the cylinder from the reservoir passes through one or more coned nozzles placed
inside another coned injector formed passage or passages and creates a partial
vacuum in this passage and draws into it a further supply of air and gas, or gas
alone, by way of an inward self acting valve covering gas supply ports and air
ports from atmosphere, the combined gases now rush into and expel and replace
the exhaust by a fresh charge, on the back or return stroke of the piston the charge
is compressed into end chamber of cylinder and portways and then exploded for
the next outstroke-Or in modifications using a separate charging pump worked
from the crank for putting the fluids under compression I prefer using separate
pumps for the air and gas, and delivering their compressed contents direct to the
back end of cylinder, through the lift valve, closing air and gas entrances by its
motion. The governor may act by cutting off the gas supply, or it may keep open
the air inlet valve at front end of cylinder, and breathe air in and out without
compressing into reservoir.
In starting these engines I keep open the first air inlet valve on front end of
cylinder and turn the engine round to half stroke, so as to draw in an explosive
mixture by way of the gas and air inlet valve at back end of cylinder and then
explode them through a small hole in the portway by means of a small outside
burning flame moved to or from the hole, or by a shield plate moved from between
the flame and hole so as to let the flame enter the hole and cause explosion, this
propels the piston to end of outstroke on the piston passing the exhaust port it
reduces the pressure in the cylinder, a secondary exhaust valve on the end of
cylinder now opens by its weight or a spring, and permits the now low pressure
exhaust to pass out of it until the piston ends its exhausting stroke, and then
commences its next outstroke drawing in a fresh charge of gas and air to be
exploded at half stroke again, during the drawing in of charge the secondary
exhaust valve drops but closes the entrance of any back exhaust by another valve
on its stem on the outside of the cylinder. When the Engine has attained a
good speed I release the first front air entrance valve and allow it to act, and close
up the small exploding hole and secondary exhaust, when the engine will run on
the compressing system.
I sometimes inject a little water into the cylinder just after explosion has

page_text: taken place by means of a double ram pump, one ram the largest being held back
by a spring overcoming the compressing pressure in main cylinder, this ram may
be in constant communication with the cylinder, the spring also draws into the
smaller ram cylinder through a suction valve a charge of water, and on explosion
taking place it drives the gas pressure ram out and attached to its outer end the
smaller water ram, and delivers its change of water through a delivery valve into
the main cylinder, or an ordinary injector may be used for this purpose.
In gas motors wherein a charge of gas and air, or air only and gas by a separate
pump or injector, is compressed into alternative reservoirs by front end of a
cylinder and piston and then exploded in the reservoir when put into commu-
nication with the back end of cylinder and piston. I use circular disc valves opening
into each reservoir from front end of cylinder and held to their faces by springs
overcoming the compressing pressure unless relieved by an essentric and lever
motion and circular disc valves held on their faces by springs and opening from
reservoir into back end of cylinder, these valves are moved by an essentric
working a rocking lever but can only move the valves when a block piece is
inserted by the motion of a pawl wheel with a number of teeth and fixed to and
moving a cam with half the number of teeth which inserts or withdraws the block
piece for moving the valves alternately according as it is on or off a cam tooth.
In motor engines for giving rotary motion to a shaft by the explosion driving a
piston quickly along a cylinder and storing its energy up in springs or vacuum
cylinders attached to the piston and then gripping a disc on the main shaft, and
revolving it in the back stroke. I use a lever pivoted on the shaft at each side
of the disc, these levers are drawn together by a left and right hand screw
working in each lever, there is a short lever on the screw jointed on to the piston
rod so that when the piston moves one way it turns the screw and opens the
levers from the disc sides, and leaves the levers free to turn round the disc, but on
the piston rod reversing its motion it turns the screw the other way and tightens
the levers and grips the disc and compels it to turn with the piston rod motion.
When this engine is used for working lifts elevators or cranes by an endless worm
and wheel I use two sets of levers ou opposite diameters of the disc with two
connecting rods to piston rod, and hold the gripping screws for a catch on either
one side of the disc or the other according as motion is wanted right or left.
The gas cut off valve may be moved open or shut by its spindle being attached
to a flexible diaphram so that when the engine draws on the gas, the pressure of
the atmosphere outside the diaphram opens the gas valve, which is closed again
by a spring, a centrifugal governor inserts a stop and prevents the diaphram
opening the gas valve when the speed is too great, or instead of a centrifugal
governor another diaphram or small air cataract cylinder may by its piston and
rod stop the action of the gas valve and its diaphram this piston is moved one
way every revolution of the engine and draws in air freely by a valve and then
moved the opposite way by a spring and its speed regulated by a screw valve
holding the confined air more or less in, so that if the engine speed be too high,
this cataract has not time to move back and release the gas valve and diaphram
and thus stop the gas supply
Or
I sometimes use a turbine or small engine worked by any water pressure for
starting gas motors by having a friction pulley on the turbine shaft and pressing
the pulley by a lever or screw against the fly wheel rim to put the motor in
motion, so as only to necessitate a small water service pipe I let the water slowly
charge an air vessel or accumulator and then deliver this water to the starting
engine through a large pipe so as to keep up a high speed for a short time.
an electrical dynamo may be used, first when the engine is running, to run the
dynamo by a friction pulley on its shaft being pressed against the rim of engine
fly wheel, and store the electrical energy in an electrical secondary battery, and
then start the engine by the battery and dynamo friction pulley being pressed
against rim of engine wheel
I can also use steam derived from the cylinder water jacket of gas motors and

page_text: exhaust out and fresh charge in by being placed in exhaust ports.
aw the
The accompanying Drawings are for the purpose of more fully shewing the mode
of carrying into practice my Invention with its various details
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig A B C and D shew my first arrangement:-1 is the cylinder with main
piston 2, with its rod 3 with connecting rod to crank and shaft 4. 5 is the secondary
piston and 6 its rod working through a stuffing box 7, on the main piston rod the
secondary rod has a piston 8 on its outer end and working in the vacuum cylinder
9, attached to end of main piston rod 10 an outward air snifting valve to permit
any leakage air to pass out when the piston 8 cushions at the bottom of its cylinder
11 is a valve for feeding gas and air into the cylinder by way of tube and port 12
whenever there is any suction in the cylinder but closes both gas and air ports
shown larger in Fig D whenever there is a pressure in the cylinder, 13 is the
exhaust ports which I prefer to make of a V shape, an eccentric on the shaft works
the igniting slide 14 and is connected by a link 15 to a lever 16, which has a cam
wedge shaped piece on it 17 for moving the piece 18 and grips the upper end of
the secondary piston rod in the box 19 on cylinder end. The action is thus: when
the main piston is near the bottom of its stroke the eccentric and gripper releases
the secondary piston rod which is draws down by the vacuum in the cylinder 9,
and expels the exhaust and draws in a charge of gas and air, the main piston now
rising lifts the secondary piston up by its piston 8 cushioning on the confined air
under its surface in vacuum cylinder 9 to the top of the main cylinder where it is
retained by the gripper, the slide or other means explodes the compressed charge
and propels the main piston down, first passing the port 20 part of the fluid rushes
into the chamber 21 and then main piston opens port 13 and exhauts to atmosphere
a portion of the fluid in 21. now rushes back into the Cylinder and out the exhaust
port 13 and keeps up the momentum of the fluid and assists in drawing in the
fresh charge these gases being cooled in the Chamber 21 on reentering the Cylinder
extinguishes any existing flame, oil for the piston is contained in the annular
ring 22 The secondary piston has small valves 23 on it to allow the charge to
pass threw it in its upward stroke The Engine may be started by drawing the
main piston down and drawing in a charge when at half stroke a plate 24 is moved
froin between a standing flame 25 and a small hole in the Port tube 12 and fires
the cylinder gases and propels the main piston when this piston opens the exhaust
the pressure is reduced and the self acting valve 26 drops down and allows the
exhaust to pass out until the piston begins its down stroke again when it closes by
ts top valve and on explosion it closes with its under valve when the Engine has
got enough speed by closing light 25 it will run on the compressing principle.
The top valve may be screwed as a nut on its spindle to close it when working on
he compressing principle.
Fig E. shews another modification 1 is the Cylinder the main piston 2 has on it
hollow rod 3 in which slides the secondary piston rod 4 with a nut or stop on
t 5, the exhaust is at 6, the chargo is fed in and fired at 7, thus when the inain
iston is at half stroke it opens the exhaust port and catches the secondary piston
od stop and draws this piston to half stroke and behind it a fresh charge in, the
hain piston now returns and expels nearly all the exhaust to half stroke and then
o the end of its stroke compressing the charge which passes through the valves 8
n secondary piston the charge is exploded on next outstroke of main piston short
trong springs may be used in the hollow rod to soften the shook at the second rod
op
Figs F. G and H, show my improvements on my gas motors using one end of the
ylinder to compress a charge into a Reservoir and then using the compressed
urge to expel and replace the exhaust at the other end of the Cylinder 1, is the

page_text: cylinder 2 the piston which as a matter of detail I prefer to form with the projec-
tion on it as shown at 3 of a conical form having holes through it 4 an admission
valve 5 for air or air and gas outlet valve 6 to portway and reservoir 7, exhaust
valve 8, igniting slide 9 back pressure admission valve 10, with its equalising
piston 11, inject or nozzle 12 supplementary gas and air supply valve 13 passage 5
14 from reservoir lever 15 moved by slide 9. or an eccentric for opening valve 10.
lever spring 16, this lever may also open valve 13. The Action of the Engine is
thus a charge of air being drawn into the front end of the cylinder and forced
through the valve 6 into the reservoir 7, is held there until the piston on its forward
stroke passes the exhaust port 8 which reduces the pressure to near the atmosphere 1
the slide moved by an eccentric on engine shaft moves the lever 15 which opens
the valve 10 and allows the reservoir contents to rush up and through the injector
nozzle 12 and expel the exhaust by way of the Port 8 this action also forms a
slight vacuum in 16. and draws in gas alone or air and gas through the inward
opening valve 13 the piston returning the charge is compressed and exploded for
Or in modifications using separate pumps
the next and every outward stroke
worked by the Crank Shaft as Example Fig: I. 1 is the cylinder, 2 air pump, 3
reservoir, 4 gas pump and piston 5, 6 gas supply, 7 valve closing air passage 8 and
gas port, 9 exhaust port, 10 igniting port of any kind, the gas pump piston may be
worked by any motion from the shaft but I prefer to work it by the partial vacuum
and pressure which takes place in the reservoir and pump thus when there is a
partial vacuum in the Reservoir 3 it draws the piston 5 along and a charge of gas
in by feed 6. and on a pressure taking place in the reservoir it compresses the gas
on other side of gas pump piston so that when the main cylinder piston passes the
exhaust port both gas and air rush up through the valve 7 into the Cylinder 1. or
the injector arrangement may be used instead of a separate gas pump
Fig J. is a small water pump for injecting a little water into the cylinders of
gas motors just after each explosion, 1 is a ram, working in a cylinder 2 connected
to a smaller water ram 3 and cylinder 4 a spring 5 forces the gas ram 1 back
into its case and charges the pump 4 with water through suction valve 5 when the
cylinder gases explode their high pressure communicating through the port 6 with
upper part of ram 1 propels it out against the spring 5 and the water in the pump 4
through valve and port 7 into main cylinder and is there flashed into steam which
has a beneficial effect in gas motors
Fig K. shews ny arrangement of disc valves used in operating gas motors which
charge a Reservoir by the front end of the Cylinder which charge is ignited in the
reservoir when in communication with the back end of the Cylinder, 1 cylinder,
2 piston, 3 reservoir 4 exhaust 5 inlet valve to reservoir 6 valve from reservoir to
opposite end of cylinder, 7 rod from eccentric on shaft working a rocking lever 8
ou which is pivoted a ratchet wheel with six teeth and revolving a cam 10 with
three projections which lifts or drops a block piece 11 also pivoted on the rocking
lever 8 a fixed pawl 12 moves the ratchet wheel round one tooth at each backward
movement of the rocking lever and ratchet wheel and with it the cam half a
projection, so as to give the spindle of valve 6 a movement every alternate forward
movement of the rocking shaft a volute spring 13 keeps the valve 6 to its place
and packing rings are used on the spindle 14 to keep it gas tight
Fig L. is an enlarged slide shewing the arrangement for igniting the charge in
gas motors 1. is the cylinder port, 2 the slide valve and its back 3 when the hol
4 opens on to the Port 1. the compressed Cylinder gases rush through it and
through glass or metal beads into flame cavity 6 and are lighted by the standing
outside flame 7 the movement of the slide over the port 1 brings the flame an
cavity 6 into communication with the Cylinder gases and ignites them a regulating
screw 8 is used for checking the too rapid flow of the gases
Fig M. shows my improved Governor for gas motors for opening or closin
the gas supply 1 is the gas supply valve and spindle on which is a stop
attached to the spindle is a leather or rubber diaphram 3 and held close at it
edge 4 the valve 1 is lifted from its seat by a spring 5. 6 gas way to Engin

page_text: Cylinder 7 is a cataract cylinder 8 its piston 9 outlet valve 10 inlet regulated by
screw valve 11 the piston rod 8 has on it a stop 12 a spring 13 draws the piston 8
out 14 a block on any of the eccentric rods or other motions of the Engine which
moves the lever 15 now when this lever moves the Cataract piston rod in and
5 expels the fluid out by valve 9, the block 14 moves away the spring 13 now draws
the piston out with more or less speed according as the valve 11 is open or closed
the Engine now drawing in the Gas diaphram shuts the Valve 1 if the Engines
speed is too great or before the stop 12 can get under the stop 2 to keep the Gas
valve open 16 shows how a centrifugal Governor may be used instead of Cataract
Cylinder when balls are too far out from the high speed they push the rod 17 down
and move a bell cranked lever 18 with stop 19 from under the gas valve spindle
stop 2 and allow the gas valve to close
Fig N, and, O. represent my improvements on gas motors used for lifts and
hoists in which the piston is driven quickly along the cylinder and storing its
energy in springs attached to the piston and gripping a disc on the main shaft and
revolving it in the back stroke 1 is the piston rod to which are connected two
connecting rods 2 working two short levers to which is fixed the two right and left
hand screws for drawing together the side levers 5 and gripping the disc 6 on the
backstroke of the piston but open the levers 5 on the forward stroke 7 are levers
or pawls moved in or out from ends of screw levers 3 by catches and hand rod 8
fixed on framing thus the disc shaft and worm 9 are turned right or left according
to position of the stops 7 which hold or release one or other of the screw
levers 3.
Figs P and Q show the arrangement for starting a gas motor by a water turbine
or other motor. 1, is the turbine supplied from water accumulator 2. 3 regulating
valve 4 small Towns or other water supply pipe 5 Gas Motor fly wheel, 6 friction
pulley pressed against the fly wheel 5 by hand lever 7 the friction wheel 7 in this
example is run by two toothed wheels-8, one fixed to itself and the other on the
turbine shaft or the friction wheel might be fixed on the turbine shaft itself
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I hereby declare that I claim
1. Operating a Gas Motor as shewn in Figs A. B. C. D wherein the charge is
drawn in and the exhaust expelled by a secondary piston worked by a vacuum
cylinder attached to main piston with gripping and releasing motion or modification
shewn in fig E or any mere modification thereof
2 Using a preliminary exhaust Port and Chamber so that when main exhaust
Port is opened the fluid from this Chamber reenters the Cylinder and then passes
out by Main Exhaust Port as shewn in Fig A. substantially as described
3 Using the stored energy of the compressed fluid from a reservoir charged from
the front end of a Cylinder or separate pump and Injector nozzle to supply gas and
air for a charge at the opposite end of a Gas Motor Cylinder which uses such
compressed charge to expel and replace the previous exhaust at each revolution of
the Motor as shewn at Figs F. G. H. or any mere modification thereof
4 The use of disc valves as shewn at Fig K in Gas motors compressing the
charge at one end of the Cylinder into a Reservoir at every alternate stroke where
the charge is exploded when in communication with the opposite end of the
Cylinder or any mere modification thereof
5 Using the exploded gases in a gas motor cylinder to propel a piston operating
small pump for injecting water into the Cylinder as shewn at Fig J. or any mere
nodification thereof
6. The application as shewn at Figs N. O. for giving right or left hand motion to
disc and worm in gas motors for operating hoists &°. or any mere modification
hereof
7 Operating the gas supply valve by a flexible diaphragm moved by the atmo-
phere on one side and the Engine suction on the other and fluid cataract or
entrifugal governor for governing gas motors as shewn at Fig M or any mere
nodification thereof

page_text: 8. The use of a self acting supplementary exhaust valve for aiding in starting
my gas motors on the non compressing principle which can be charged to the
compressing principle as shewn at 26 Fig R or any mere modification thereof
9 Using a Water turbine to start gas motors in conjunction with accumulator
supplied by town or other water as and for the purposes described
In witness whereof I the said James Robson have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Second. day of August One thousand eight hundred and eighty three
JAMES ROBSON (L.S.)