IM- PROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: :
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Tuddenham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, our the
3rd June 1874.
I, STEPHEN TUDDENHAM, of Lambeth, in the. County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to improvements in cabs, broughams,
and other similar vehicles, with a view to more effectually ventilating
the same when the windows are closed, and consists of a peculiar
arrangement of valves, openings, or passages for the admission of fresh
air to the interior of the vehicle, in combination with one or more
apertures in the roof for the escape of foul or heated air.
$
In carrying out this part of my Invention in Hansom cabs (for
example), I fit at each side of the front or entrance to the cab, or in the
upper sash of the window thereof, a ventilator consisting of two panes
or strips of glass, metal, wood, or other material, so arranged one above
the other as that the upper one shall overlap or partly cover the lower

page_text: one in such a manner as to leave a space between them for the admission
of fresh air from the outside, and at the same time prevent the entrance
of rain. Or in lieu of causing one pane to overlap the other the upper
pane may have a chimney or horn blown or formed on its inner side so
as to project or extend inwards and admit air to the interior of the cab
and direct it towards the roof, whereby an effectual ventilation is
maintained whilst draughts are at the same time prevented. Or the
ventilators may consist of louvres, butterfly, or hit-and-miss valve, or
valves of any other suitable construction, arranged at the sides of the
entrance or in any other suitable position in the front or back of the
vehicle.
In order to allow the foul or heated air to escape from the interior of
the vehicle I form a rim or projection round the ordinary opening in the
roof, and cover the same with a hinged lid or cover provided with a lip
or turned-down edge, so arranged as that when the cover is shut down
a space of about ½ an inch is left between it and the rim formed round
the opening. Pieces or blocks of india-rubber or other suitable material
are placed at suitable intervals round the opening in the roof, against
which blocks the lid or cover sluts, thereby leaving a space between the
cover and the rim formed round the opening for the exit of the air from
the interior of the vehicle.
It is obvious that the above described system of ventilation is applicable
to all kinds of closed common road carriages, and is equally applicable
to railway carriages, in which latter case the valves or passages for the
admission of fresh air will be arranged at both ends of the carriage,
whilst the openings for the reception of the lamps may be utilized for
the escape of the foul or heated air by providing them with covers, con-
structed and arranged as above described; or, if desired, special openings
may be made in the roof of the carriage for that purpose.
I propose to arrange the windows of Hansom cabs and other vehicles
so as to slide in a horizontal dircction between a double frame, and
capable of being opened and closed both from the inside and outside of
the vehicle.
My Invention relates, secondly, to a peculiar construction and mode.
of connecting the shafts to the bodies of common road vehicles.
In carrying out this part of my Invention I construct the bow or
breeching picce, or that part of the shafts to which the body or the fore

page_text: carriage of the vehicle is attached, of two bars of wrought iron, arranged
one within the other in such a manner as to leave a space between them
for the reception of spring boxes or sockets, herein-after described. The
outer ends of these bars are connected to wood tips or picces of wood
which form the front ends of the shafts, the outer bar extending the
entire length of the said wood tips, thereby greatly increasing their
strength. These shafts are connected to the body or to the fore carriage
of the vehicle by means of boxes or sockets fitted at suitable intervals
between the bars which form the bow obstruction or hind part of the
shafts, as before described. Within these boxes are inserted journals
formed on the fore carriage or on brackets fixed to the body of the
vehicle, which journals are provided with a collar or shoulder of such a
diameter as to slide freely within the box or socket. Against this collar
or shoulder one end of a helical spring bears, which spring is contained
within the box or socket, the opposite end of such spring having its
bearing against an internal lip or flange formed on one end of the said
box. The outer ends of the journals are provided with screw threads
for the reception of nuts, by means of which the shafts are held securely
to the brackets or to the fore carriage, as the case may be, whilst the
springs admit of an easy motion of the journals in their boxes.
I also propose to interpose springs between the driver's seat and the
frame to which it is connected for the purpose of increasing the comfort
of the driver.