Engines or motors.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1886
Complete Left, 24th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 27th Sept., 1887.
Engines or motors.
We HERBERT AKROYD STUART of Bletchley Iron Works in the County of Bucks,
Mechanical Engineer and CHARLES RICHARD BINNEY of 5 Hackney Road in the
County of Middlesex Consulting Engineer_do hereby declare the nature of the
said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS, PETROLEUM, AND OTHER HYDRO CARBON
EXPLOSIVE ENGINES OR MOTORS to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to Engines or Motors driven by explosion within their
cylinder, and wherein the said explosive mixture is produced by combining Hydro
Carbons with a due proportion of atmospheric air; but it relates more particularly to
the novel means of mixing, within the cylinder of such engines or motors, Hydro
Carbons such as Coal Gas, with a due proportion of atmospheric air and also for
"vapourising and mixing" Hydro Carbons such as Petroleum, Benzine, Spirits of
Wine, or any other volatile liquid or spirit with their due proportion of atmo-
spheric air.
Means are also provided for automatically varying or altering the capacity of that
portion of the cylinder wherein the combustible mixture is compressed before being
fired or exploded and which is hereinafter termed the compression chamber. Means
are also provided for starting the said engines or motors.
In carrying this Invention into practice a bed plate is used to which is attached
the necessary mechanism, consisting of a cylinder having a suitable fitted piston therein
which is connected to the crank of the Engine.
Within the cylinder is arranged a mixer or vapouriser which may either be
stationary or arranged to have motion. The said mixer or vapouriser may be made
from gauze wire of any metal, or from asbestos, or from any suitable porous or
perforated substance, or from a combination of any of them, or from any suitable
material preferably constructed in the shape of a piston or disc or an archaemedian
screw, or may be made in any desired shape, as its chief object is to vapourise and
mix Hydro Carbons with air, but it is preferably made in the shape of a perforated

page_text: piston and attached to the piston of the engine. The Hydro Carbons and air are fed
through suitable passages in connection with the cylinder upon the said mixer or
vapouriser which mixes the Hydro Carbons with the air so thoroughly that a more
powerful explosive mixture is produced.
For automatically varying or regulating the capacity of the compression chamber, a
suitable projection on the main cylinder (or by preference a separate cylinder is
employed in conjunction with the main cylinder) having a suitable ram or piston
fitted therein, which is capable of moving laterally both in its own cylinder and the
compression chamber. This ram or piston is kept in its desired position by liquid
pressure to resist the force of each explosion. It will be seen that the travel of the
said ram regulates or varies the capacity of the compression chamber proportionally
to the varied supply of the combustible mixture; thus, various quantities of the said
mixture may be exploded in the one chamber under one equal compression. A
chamber or receptacle is formed for containing compressed air, pumped therein by the
engine during its usual working. To recommence working the compressed air is
allowed to act upon the piston of the Engine.
The capacity of the said air-chamber being sufficient to give motion to the engine
until the first explosion takes place.
Dated this 24th day of November 1886.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas, Petroleum, and other Hydro Carbon Explosive
Engines or Motors.
We HERBERT AKROYD STUART of Bletchley Iron Works, Bletchley, in the County
of Buckinghamshire, Mechanical Engineer and CHARLES RICHARD BINNEY of
5 Hackney-road London in the County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This Invention relates to engines or Motors driven by explosion within their
cylinder, and wherein the said explosive mixture is produced by combining Hydro
Carbons with a due proportion of atmospheric air; but it relates more particularly
to the novel means of mixing within the cylinder of such engines or Motors, Hydro
Carbons such as Coal Gas, with a due proportion of atmospheric air and also for
vapourising and mixing Hydro Carbons such as Petroleum, Benzine, Spirits of Wine
or any other volatile liquid or spirit with their due proportion of atmospheric air,

page_text: Means are also provided for automatically varying or altering the capacity of that
portion of the cylinder wherein the combustible mixture is compressed before being
fired or exploded and which is hereinafter termed the compression chamber. Means
are also provided for starting the said engines or Motors. In carrying this invention
into practice a bed-plate is used to which is attached the necessary mechanism,
consisting of a cylinder having a suitable fitted piston therein which is connected with
the crank of the engine.
Within the cylinder is arranged a mixer or vapouriser which may either be
stationary or arranged to have motion. The said mixer or vapouriser may be made
from gauze wire of any metal, or from asbestos or from any suitable porous or
perforated substance or from a combination of any of them or from any suitable
material preferably constructed in the shape of a piston or disc or an archimedian
screw or may be made in any desired shape as its chief object is to vapourise and mix
Hydro Carbons with air, but it is preferably made in the shape of a perforated piston
and attached to the piston of the engine. The Hydro Carbons and air are fed through
suitable passages in connection with the cylinder, upon the said mixer or vapouriser,
which mixes the Hydro Carbons with the air so thoroughly that a more powerful
explosive mixture is produced. For automatically varying or regulating the capacity
of the compression chamber, a suitable projection on the main cylinder, a separate
cylinder is employed, in conjunction with the main cylinder, having a suitable ram or
piston fitted therein, which is capable of moving both in its own cylinder and the
compression chamber. This ram or piston is kept in its desired position by liquid
pressure to resist the force of each explosion. It will be seen that the travel of the
said ram regulates or varies the capacity of the compression chamber proportionally
to the varied supply of the combustible mixture. Thus various quantities of the said
mixture may be exploded in one chamber under an equal amount of compression.
A chamber or receptacle is formed for containing compressed air pumped therein
by the engine during its usual working to restart the engine from rest the compressed
air is allowed to act upon the piston, the capacity of the said air chamber being
sufficient to give motion to the engine until the first explosion takes place.
In order that our said invention may be more fully understood annexed hereto is a
sheet of drawings in which Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 2 a plan of the
engine. Similar letters refer to similar parts in all the figures. Referring now
separately to the respective parts A. is the tank containing the combustible liquid
the supply of which is regulated by the tap B. C. is the air inlet, and D. the inlet
valve kept to its seat by a spiral spring. E. is the working cylinder fitted with the
piston or trunk F. attached to which is a vapouriser made of layers of gauze wire and
fitted into the frame or box G. shewn enlarged at Figs. 3 & 4. It will easily be
understood that the mixer or vapouriser travels in the cylinder at the same speed as
the piston. It may also have a rotating motion if desired.
In some instances the mixer or vapouriser may be fixed to the cylinder at the
compression chamber end; on the first outward piston stroke in each cycle, the
combustible mixture is drawn by the suction of the piston through the meshes of such
vapouriser and again forced through on its return or compression stroke by which
means the combustible mixture is thoroughly combined, mixed, and vapourised within
the cylinder. H. is a suitable projection on the cylinder fitted with the ram J. which
is employed to vary the capacity of the compression chamber K. it is actuated by
liquid pressure and is kept tight with the cup leather L. or other packing. M. is the
air pump employed to pump air up to the desired pressure in the chamber N. formed
in the engine-bed-plate and this air is used to restart the engine. O is the rod
for working the exhaust valve. The mixture in the cylinder is fired with an electric
spark.
One cycle of the engine is as follows:-
:-
The first outward piston stroke, which takes in the supply of combustible mixture :

page_text: Having now described this said invention and the manner in which the same may
be performed, we wish it to be understood that we claim as novel and original, viz. :—
1st. The application and combination of one or more stationary mixers or vapourisers
arranged within the cylinders of Hydro Carbon Engines, for "combining" mixing and
vapourising Hydro Carbons with air substantially as herein described and set forth.
2nd. The application and combination of one or more moveable mixers or vapourisers
arranged within the cylinders of Hydro Carbon Engines for "combining " mixing
and vapourising Hydro Carbons with air substantially as herein described and set
forth.
3rd. The arrangement and application of the mechanism for varying the capacity
of the compression chambers in Hydro Carbon Engines for the purposes and
substantially as herein described and set forth.
4th. The arrangement and combination of an air chamber in connection with the
cylinder to restart the engine from rest.
5th. The arrangement and combination of the various parts above mentioned for the
purposes and substantially as herein described and set forth.
HERBERT AKROYD STUART.
CHARLES RICHARD BINNEY.