IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, LATCHES, AND BOLTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Galloway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1881.
THOMAS GALLOWAY, of Gateshead on Tyne, in the County of Durham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, LATCHES, AND BOLTS."
My Invention relates to the actuating of the snicking bolt of locks or latches in
such a manner that not only can the snicking bolt be snecked from either side of
the door to which such lock or latch is attached, but also from one determinate
side; the said snecking bolt may be further shot out so as to form a locking bolt,
and when thus thrown out is securely held in its position and incapable of being
moved back from the other side of the door.
As applied to bolts the Invention consists in so actuating the bolt that the same
movement which serves to shoot out the bolt also prevents it from being with-
drawn or thrown back without a reversal of the original motion, such motion or
motions being entirely positive in their action and independent of any springs or
catches, and in so constructing and arranging the parts of the said bolt that the
necessary movements may be imparted to them conveniently when the bolt itself
is beyond actual manual reach.
In constructing the improved locks and latches, instead of using for the moving of
the snecking bolt one spindle only passing through the case, as in locks and latches of
ordinary construction, I use two distinct spindles which are inserted into the case
from opposite sides, but which do not pass beyond the side of the case opposite to
that from which they are inserted. One of these spindles having attached to it a
knob or other suitable handle passes through and moves a follower, which follower
imparts inotion to a rocking lever having attached to it a projecting round pin, which
pin fits into a hole in the plate portion of the snecking bolt. This hole is a longi-
tudinal slot of the width of the diameter of the pin, but of a length dependent
[Price Gd1

page_text: upon the amount of extra throw it is desired to impart to the snecking bolt for
the purpose of rendering it a locking bolt; the rocking lever and other ordinary
attachments are controlled in one direction by a spring in the usual way; the
spindle is thus able to sneck and unsneck the bolt in the ordinary manner.
Another similar short spindle is inserted into the case between the one just
described and the sneck end of the bolt, which spindle works another one armed
follower or rocking lever having attached to its arm by a round pin a link, the
other end of which link is attached to the snecking bolt, the attachment being
formed between the centre of the rocking shaft and the sneck end of the bolt. It
will be seen that when the handle of this second spindle is moved round in the
direction of the sneck end of the bolt that the small rocking lever will be carried
with it, and through the intervention of the link the snecking bolt itself, which as
the pin on the main rocking lever actuated by the other handle and fixed spring
works in a long slot, may thus be thrown out beyond the distance at which it
ordinarily stands. On continuing to turn the aforesaid second knob and spindle
the small rocking lever and link will have their centres brought into the same
line, and ultimately out of it again on the opposite side. As soon as the line of
centres has been passed further movement is arrested by the lever or link coming
against a suitably placed fixed stop. This line of centres having once been passed
and the further motion of the rocking lever or link arrested by the fixed stop, any
backward motion of the snecking bolt is impossible without first passing back the
rocking lever and link to the other or original side of their line of centres, which
can only be done by reversing the motion of the knob and spindle to which they
-are-directly-attached,-and-so-the other knob and spindle are rendered inoperative.
The snecking bolt may thus be thrown out beyond the ordinary snecking limit by
merely turning round the knob until further motion is arrested, when the knob on
the other side of the door will be useless for reopening it, and once in this position
the snecking bolt is automatically locked in its position.
In order to prevent the impetus of the bolt in the ordinary snecking motion
carrying it, and with it the small rocking lever and link into their blocked position,
I use a suitably placed spring sufficient in strength to arrest any forward move-
ment of the snecking bolt due to its own impetus, but insufficient to arrest any
desired forward movement of the bolt when communicated by turning by hand the
second knot and spindle.
It will be seen that the aforesaid improvements do not in any way prevent a
second or locking bolt being used actuated by a key from either side as usual, but
when such key moved bolt is also required I use a suitably placed screen to
prevent the small rocking lever and attachments to the snecking bolt being
interfered with by means of any instrument introduced through the key hole.
In constructing the improved bolt I use a bolt of round or other convenient
section moving in the line of its axis in a suitably formed guide or guides fixed to
or forming part of the bolt plate. The back of the bolt plate is turned over 80 as
to form another side parallel to it, or a separate side is attached to it by means of
distance and connecting pieces as in forming an ordinary lock case.
Between these
two sides a follower is introduced in the same manner as in ordinary locks, which
follower has a single arm. To this arm is attached by means of a round pin a link
the other end of which is similarly attached to the rear end of the bolt. These
attachments are so arranged that when the end of the bolt is flush with the bolt
plate the end of the arm of the follower is to one side or another of the line of
centres of it and the link. Upon moving round the follower in the direction of
the front end of the bolt, the arm of the follower and the attached link will be
moved forward and with them the bolt, which will thus be shot out into a suitably
formed independent cap or cavity. As soon as the motion of the follower has been
carried to a sufficient extent to cause its arin and the link to arrive at and pass their
line of centres of attachment, further motion is arrested by a fixed stop fastened to
or forming part of the bolt plate. When brought to this position the bolt is
unable to move back without the link and arm of the follower being moved back

page_text: in the opposite direction, any backward motion of the bolt tending only to press
the link or arm of the follower more firmly against the stop, which arrests their
further motion in the direction in which they were originally turned.
The bolt is moved back by turning the follower back to its original position.
In order to move the follower, I either make it altogether solid and attach in
a suitable way a knob or other conveniently shaped handle, or make it with a
square hole in the centre into which a spindle may be inserted, as in locks, such
spindle having attached to it suitably formed knobs or handles. By preference,
I make the follower solid with a square end to receive the handle, which handle
is of form like a fly nut having a hole at either end. Into these holes rope, cord,
wire, chain, or other suitable connection may be fastened so as to impart motion to
the handle in either direction. Motion in either direction being thus imparted to
the handle the bolt may be shot out or drawn back when the bolt itself is out of
manual reach, and when shot out is automatically blocked in its position.
The details of construction of the locks and latches may be varied, provided that
the snecking bolt is controlled only by two separate knobs or handles on opposite
sides of the case, either of which may be used for opening or closing the sneck
action of the bolt, but one of which is also capable of shooting out the bolt
beyond the sneck limit, and at the same time rendering the other knob inoperative,
the sneck bolt when so further shot out serving the purpose of a locking bolt by
being securely held in its place until withdrawn by turning back the knob or
handle with which it is capable of being shot forward into such position, it being
evident at the same time that should it be desired to work the lock, as is some-
times the case, from one side only, a lock may be constructed on part of the
foregoing improved principles by omitting the handle spindle and follower, which,
as before described, control only the snecking action of the bolt, leaving the other
handle and spindle before described to sneck or lock the sneck-bolt at pleasure.
The arrangement of parts in the construction of bolt herein before described may
also be modified whilst still retaining its essential feature, by which a sliding bolt
is rendered capable of being shot out into its receiving cup or cavity and securely
held there by merely turning a handle, whilst at the same time the bolt may be
withdrawn by reversing the handle, such withdrawal being dependent not upon
any spring or springs liable to be overcome in their action by the friction of the
bolt in its receiving cup or cavity or in its own guides or case, but effected as the
shooting out of the bolt by the direct action of the connecting link and arm of the
follower, the working of such improved bolt being if desired capable of being
effected from a distance through the intervention of suitably arranged connections,
such as cord, wire, chain, or the like.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said Thomas Galloway in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th May 1882.
THOMAS GALLOWAY, of Gateshead on Tyne, in the County of Durham. "IMPROVE
MENTS IN LOCKS, LATCHES, AND BOLTS."
My Invention relates to the actuating of the snecking bolt of locks or latches in
such a manner that not only can the snecking bolt be snecked from either side
of the door to which such lock or latch is attached but also from one determinate
side the said snecking bolt may be further shot out so as to form a locking bolt,
and when thus thrown out is securely held in its position and incapable of being
moved back from the other side of the door.
As applied to bolts the Invention consists in so nctuating the bolt that the same
movement which serves to shoot out the bolt also prevents it from being with-
drawn or thrown back without a reversal of the original motion, such motion or
motions being entirely positive in their action and independent of any springs or
catches. And also in so constructing and arranging the parts of the said bolts that
the necessary movements may be imparted to then conveniently when the bolt
itself is beyond actual manual reach.
-And-in-order-that-the-said-Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 represent a latch or lock constructed in accordance with my
Invention, Figure 1 being a side view with one plate of the case or box A removed,
and Figure 2 being a section on the line 1, 2, Figure 1. The said lock or latch,
instead of being provided with one spindle only for moving the snecking or latch
bolt, the said spindle passing through the case as in locks and latches of ordinary
construction, is provided with two distinct spindles b and c which are inserted into
the case from opposite sides but which do not pass beyond the side of the case
opposite to that from which they are inserted. The spindle has attached to it a
knob b (or other suitable handle) and passes through and moves a follower d,
which follower imparts motion to a rocking lever e, having attached to it a
projecting pin f, which pin fits into a hole g in the plate portion of the snecking
bolt G. This hole g is n longitudinal slot of the width of the diameter of the pin f
but of a length dependent upon the amount of extra throw it is desired to impart
to the snecking bolt G for the purpose of rendering it a locking bolt according to
my Invention.
C
The rocking lever c and other ordinary attachments are controlled in one direction
by a spring e² in the usual way. By means of the spindle b the snecking bolt G
may be operated in the ordinary manner. The other spindle c is inserted
into the case A between the spindle band the sneck end of the bolt G, which
spindle c works another one-armed follower or rocking lever i, having attached to
its arm by a round pin a link j, the other end of which link jis attached to the
snecking bolt G, the attachment being formed by the pin at h, between the centre
of the rocking lever i and the sneck end of the bolt G. It will be seen that when
the handle c of this second spindle c is moved round in the direction of the sneck
end of the bolt that the rocking lever i will be turned on its centre, and through
the intervention of the link j the snecking bolt G is thrown further out to beyond
the distance at which it ordinarily stands, the slot g allowing of this movement.
On continuing to turn the aforesaid knob c² and spindle c the rocking lever i and
༡

page_text: link will have their centres brought into the same lines and ultimately out of it
again on the opposite side. As soon as the line of centres has been passed, further
movement is arrested by the lever and link coming against a fixed stop k, as
indicated by the dot-and-pick lines in Figure 1.
This line of centres having once been passed, and the further motion of the
rocking lever and link arrested by the fixed stop k, any backward motion of the
snecking bolt G is impossible without first passing back the rocking lever i and
link to the other or original side of their line of centres, which can only be done
by reversing the motion of the knob c² and spindle c to which they are directly
attached, and so the other knob b² and spindle b cannot be used for this purpose.
The snecking bolt G may thus be thrown out beyond the ordinary snecking
limit by merely turning the knob c² until further motion is arrested, when the
knob on the other side of the door will be useless for reopening it, and the
snecking bolt G is automatically locked in its position.
In order to prevent the impetus of the bolt G in the ordinary snecking motion
carrying it and with it the rocking lever i and link j into their blocked or fully
locked position, I use a spring, as at 1, of sufficient strength to arrest any forward
movement of the snecking bolt G due to its own impetus, but insufficient to arrest
any desired forward movement of the said bolt when communicated to it by
turning the second knot c² and spindle c.
It will be seen that the aforesaid improvements do not in any way prevent a
second or locking bolt being used actuated by a key from either side as usual,
but when such key-moved bolt is also required I use a suitably placed guard or
screen, as at m, to prevent the rocking lever i and the attachments to the snecking
bolt G from being interfered with by means of any instrument introduced through
the key hole.
Figure 3 represents in side view with one side of the case removed, and Figure 4
in section, on the line 3, 4, Figure 3, a bolt constructed according to my Invention.
The bolt proper N is of round or other convenient section moving in the line of
its axis in a suitably formed guide or guides p fixed to or forming part of the bolt
plate P. The back of the bolt plate P is turned over so as to form another sido
parallel to it, or a separate side P is attached to it by means of distance and con-
necting pieces, as in forming an ordinary lock case. Between these two sides a
follower is introduced, which follower has a single arm q. To this arm is attached,
by means of a round pin q² a link 7, the other end of which is similarly attached
to the rear end of the bolt N by the pin r². These attachments are so arranged that
when the end of the bolt N in flush with the bolt plate P, the end of the arm q
of the follower is to one side of the line of centres of it and the link r. Upon
moving round the follower in the direction of the front end of the bolt N the arm
of the follower and the attached link r will be moved forward, and with them the
bolt N, which will thus be shot out into a suitably formed independent cap or
cavity on the jamb of the door or other place where the bolt is used. As soon as
the motion of the follower has been carried to a sufficient extent to cause its arm q
and the link to arrive at and pass their line of centres of attachment, further
motion is arrested by a fixed stop s fastened to or forming part of the bolt plate.
When brought to this position (which is indicated in dot and pick lines in Figure 3)
the bolt N is unable to move back unless the link and arm g of the follower
be moved back in the opposite direction, any backward pressure on the bolt
itself tending only to press the link r and arm 2 of the follower more firmly against
the stop 8, which arrests their further motion in the direction in which they were
originally turned.
The bolt N is moved back by turning the follower back to its original
position.
In order to move the follower I either make it altogether solid, and attach in
a suitable way a knob or other conveniently shaped handle, or I make it with a
square hole in the centre, into which a spindle may be inserted, as in locks, such
spindle having attached to it suitably formed knobs or handles. By preference I

page_text: make the follower solid, as shewn in the Drawing, with a square end q³ to receive
the handle t, which handle or lever is of a form somewhat like a fly nut, having a
hole at either end. Into these holes t2 rope, cord, wire chain, or other suitable
connexion may be fastened so as to impart motion to the handle in either direction
from a distance. Motion in either direction being thus imparted to the handle, the
bolt N may be shot out or drawn back when the bolt itself is out of manual reach,
and when shot out is blocked in its position, so that it can only be withdrawn by
moving the handle in the reverse direction.
In cases in which bolts are required to be locked when the bolt is shot out
I have two holes cut in the back of the case, through which may be introduced
the bow of an ordinary padlock, and I have the single armed lever or follower
which actuates the bolt recessed out at x, so that the bow of the padlock may fit
up against it, the recess being made in such position as to admit of this passing of
the loop of the padlock into the said recess being done only when the bolt is in
its shot position, shewn in dot-and-pick lines, when it is evident that the follower
itself will be blocked in its movement by the bow of the padlock, the locking of
which will virtually lock the bolt. This arrangement being placed at the back of
the bolt admits of a padlock being used with the bolt in any position.
In Figure 3 1 have indicated this recess in the follower, the holes in the case,
and this padlock in dot-and-pick lines.
The details of construction of the locks and latches may be varied, provided
that the snecking action of the bolt is controlled only by two separato knobs or
-handles.on opposite sides of the case or box, either of which may be rotated for
opening or closing the sneck action of the bolt, but one of which is, also capable of
shooting out the bolt beyond the sneck limit, and at-the-same time rendering the
other knob inoperative for withdrawing the sneck bolt, which when so farther
shot out serves the purpose of or locking bolt by being securely held in its place
until withdrawn by turning back the knob or handle by which it was shot forward
into such position, it being evident that should it be desired to work the lock, as
it sometimes the case, from one side only, a lock may be constructed by omitting
the handle, spindle, and follower, which, as before described, control over the
snecking action of the bolt, leaving the other handle and spindle before described
to sneck or lock the sneck bolt at pleasure.
The arrangement of parts in the construction of bolt hereinbefore described
may also be modified whilst still retaining its essential feature, by which a sliding
bolt is rendered capable of being shot out into its receiving cup or cavity, and
securely held there by merely turning a handle, whilst at the same time the bolt
may be withdrawn by reversing the handle, such withdrawal being dependent not
upon any spring or springs liable to be overcome in their action by the friction of
the bolt in its receiving cup or cavity, or in its guides or case, but effected by the
direct action of the connecting link and arm of the follower, the working of such
improved bolt being, if desired, capable of being effected from a distance through
the intervention of suitably arranged connections, such as a cord, wire chain, or
the like.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The herein before described improvements in locks or latches, consisting in
providing the same with means for operating the latch or snecking boit from one
side as a locking bolt, substantially as herein before described with reference to
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The combination with locks or latches constructed as claimed in the
preceding claiming clause of the guard or screen m for the purpose described.
Third. The combination with a bolt of the follower q and connecting link r, and

page_text: stop s, substantially as and for the purpose described with reference to Figures 3
and 4 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The combination with a bolt arranged as claimed in the last preceding
claiming clause of the handle or lever and attachments for shooting and with-
drawing the said bolt from a distance.
Fifth. The means of locking the bolt in its shot out position by means of a
pad-lock, as shown in Figure 3 of the Drawing, which means admit of the pad-lock
being used with the bolt in any ordinary position thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Galloway, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, this Twenty fifth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty two.
THOMAS GALLOWAY. (L.S.)