IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEGGED BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes
and Son, Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEGGED BOOTS AND
SHOES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.”—A com-
munication from abroad by Henry Kuhlmann, of Glueckstadt,
Germany.
Sealed the 24th May 1872, and dated the 28th November 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th November 1871.
66
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEGGED
BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
a communication to me from abroad by Henry Kuhlmann, of
Glueckstadt, Germany, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of pegged boots and shoes,
and to improved machinery or apparatus connected therewith, which

page_text: machinery or apparatus not only inserts and hammers in the pegs but
also shapes or produces them.
The whole apparatus is fitted upon an iron table in an upright frame
containing the bearings of the working mechanism. The shoe or boot,
sole upwards, and containing the last, is fastened on a slide which can
be moved horizontally to and fro. It is then brought under the point
of an awl, which after making a hole in the sole is immediately raised
up. A gutter with a vertical channel contains the peg and leads it just
over the hole made by the awl, and a hammer coming from above passes
the channel and drives the peg into the sole, whereupon the hammer is
again raised up. The boot or shoe is then advanced the distance of a
peg, the channel again returns, the awl makes another hole and gives
way to the gutter with a new peg, which is driven in as before, and
so on.
A bar of flat iron with a groove made in the whole length of it, of
the same breadth as the length of the pegs to be cut, traverses from
right to left in a dovetailing guide moving up and down in a dovetail.
The horizontal motion of the bar is produced by a slide when it pulls
a pin (catching in the slit of it) to and fro. The vertical motion is
produced when the bar is moved up and down with the dovetailing
guide. On the under side of the bar is a box of plate iron, in which
are placed thin strips of hard wood of the same thickness as the pegs
required to be made and as broad as the latter are to be long. In these
strips of wood the grain runs lengthwise, so that they can be easily cut
into the size of the required pegs. Each strip is planed or sharpened at
the sides, so that the pegs have a flat edged point.
The strips of wood are forced into a curved position by a screw working
in a groove and pressed against the groove in the bar by a spring and
punch. They are then conveyed one by one between two wheels, one
strip taking the place of another directly that other has been passed a
through the groove by the wheels. The curved position of the strips
and their elasticity make them enter between the wheels one after
another. The larger of the two wheels is turned by a lever, ratchet
wheel, and spring, so that it passes the strip to the left until it comes in
contact with the holder.
The whole transnorting mechaniam in mounted
3

page_text: bends a spring. As soon as a piece or splinter is cut from the strip it
is moved forward to fill the hole made by the awl, and the motion of the
lever being repeated at each motion of the bar to the right hand the
spring is always bent and ready to push the strip of wood forward.
Near to the end of the bar, and at the distance of a peg's thickness from
the holder, is a knife moved by a small lever, which knife at each stroke
cuts off a piece of wood of the required breadth. This splinter or peg
being now in the channel before mentioned is pushed by the hammer
pin through the said channel and driven into the hole made by the
awl.
the holder, is a knife moved by a small lever, which knife at each stroke
cuts off a piece of wood of the required breadth. This splinter or peg
being now in the channel before mentioned is pushed by the hammer
pin through the said channel and driven into the hole made by the
awl.
The guiding rod of the awl supports a lever and has on its upper end
a button seizing on the lower end of the spring, whilst the upper end
bears against a catch, which if screwed down increases the power of the
spring.
The motion of the hammer is effected in the same way as that of the
awl, videlicet, by cam and spring guiding and lever rods and catch to
bend the spring.
The sliding support for the boot or shoe has two horizontal motions
rectangular to each other; the one parallel to the main shaft is effected
by a hand lever, which presses the sole edge against the roller. A
mandril with a self-acting ratchet wheel and crank regulates the distance
of the pegs in the sole from each other. The motion of the crank is
transmitted by a connecting rod to a lever and shaft. The pin of the
shorter arm of another lever catches in a wheel and imparts motion by
means of this lever and its parts to the spindle. The latter has a
hand crank to regulate the position of the support with the boot or shoe
upon it.
0
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th May 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Edward
THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents, 123,
Chancery Lane, London, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Thomas
Hughes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEGGED BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," a communication to me
from abroad by Henry Kuhlmann, of Glueckstadt, Germany, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say:—
This Invention has for its object the fixing of the soles of shoes and
boots to the uppers by means of pegs mechanically. The principle on
which the machine is constructed is as follows :-
The shoe or boot with the last is fastened to a slide A, the sole
upwards, the slide can be moved horizontally to and fro, as well in the
direction of the length as the breadth.
The shoe is brought under the point of an awl B, which makes a hole
in the sole and is then immediately raised up. A gutter C with a
vertical channel D containing the peg E leads it just over the hole made
by the awl. The hammer F coming from above turns with the pin G,
so that the latter passes directly down the channel D and drives the peg
into the sole, whereupon the pin is again raised up. The boot advances.

page_text: spring P¹ and the punch P³ push it immediately into the groove left by
the first band. The curved position of the chips and their elasticity
make them enter in the wheels as soon as the other band has left them.
The greater of the two transporting wheels P³ is turned by the lever P,
the ratchet wheel P³, and the spring P2, so that it pushes the chip to
the left hand till it touches the holder P°. The whole transporting
mechanism is mounted on the bar and follows its motion. At each
motion to the left hand the lever P* touches the pin P and bends the
spring P. As soon as a piece of the chip is out of and removed from
its place the chip moves immediately in the place left by the peg. The
touching of the lever Pe at the pin P being repeated at each motion
of the bar to the right hand, the spring is always bent and ready to
push the band of wood forward. Near to the end of the bar and in the
distance of a peg's thickness from the joint P is the knife P", moved by
the small lever P12, which cuts off at each stroke a piece of the chip of
the breadth of a peg. The latter being now in the channel D (Figs.
1, 2, 4), is pushed by the hammer pin G through the channel and driven
into the hole made by the awl. The knife is moved by the levers
P¹³, P¹, the small pole P¼ catching in the slit of the lever P". The
peculiar form of the levers P¹³, P¼, is caused by the motion of the
lever P¹ on the bar, which is directed to the sides upwards and down-
wards, and does not allow a fast joint with the knife. The slit of the
knife in the pole P" moves therefore as well to the side as upwards, but
nevertheless follows its motion in the direction of the arrow.
The knife cuts in an oblique direction, as shewn in Fig. 4; it advances
in an adjustable dovetailed guide, and can be regulated according to the
thickness of the peg to be cut off by means of the screw P". The
joint P can be removed if the wood should draw out; it slides in
a dovetail and is retained at its place by the pin and spring (Fig. 4).
The transporting wheel P³ can be brought nearer to the wood by a 3
screw P¹ and be removed in the same way. The small transport wheel
is pressed against the wood chip by means of the small springs P1,
and
in such way the two wheels are always sure to be taken at the right
time. The bending of the spring can be regulated by moving the
spring on the small arc and the pin P¹º.
The other parts of the wood guide not specially indicated, as well as
the neo's manufacture
ha
Th

page_text: Motion of the Awl B.-This is effected in the upward direction by
the cam R on the main shaft S, and downwards by means of the spring.
The guiding rod B₁ of the awl supports the lever B2, and has on its
upper end a button seizing on the arm of the spring B³ where the other
bears up against the catch B*. If this latter is screwed down the
bending of the spring is augmented (see Figs. 2 and 3).
Motion of the Hammer F.-This is effected in the same way as that
of the awl, by cam and spring. T is the cam, T" the guiding rod, T
the lever rod, Ts the spring, and T* the catch to bend the spring. The
hammer pin lying in the same plane as the awl the hammer must make
a small turn around its guide rod, which causes the pin G to be some-
what removed to the side, allowing the awl to pass and go down. This
small turn of one-eighth is effected by a groove in the guiding rod and
a pin taking into it, or a groove in the sliding face of the lever rod T*.
The guide is arranged so that the hammer pin must reach the channel
D at the right time.
The motion of the gutter or the chip guide C is a double one, as
already shewn, the two motions being effected at the same time. The
motion of the chip guide horizontally is strictly prescribed and limited
by the mechanism. The vertical motion is also a double one; first, an
arbitrary one between certain limits, and then a limited and prescribed
one of " or = 10ª.
The arbitrary motion in the vertical direction is
effected by means of the lever V (Figs. 2, 3, 4). The lever V takes the
tappet V¹ fastened to the rod W, this the catch V on the rod M, and
with it the whole chip guide. That motion has for the purpose that the
workman may follow all elevations and cavities of the sole with the
pin U of the wood guide. On each point of the stroke the limited
vertical motion of 3" or 10" is acting on it to overcome all uneven
places and irregularities.
The vertical motion of 10mm is effected by the following mechanism :—
On the main shaft S is mounted a disc around S* (curve motion), in the
groove of which catches the tenon of the lever St. If the shaft turns
the tenon follows all deviations of the curve or groove in a to-and-fro
motion, and its end repeats this motion and transfers it to the slide Se.
The upper end of the angle lever M² takes into the long slit of the slide.
If the slide Se goes to and fro the shorter arm of the angle lever makes
a limited vertical motion of 10mm. In the end of this shorter arm is

page_text: a pin on the rod M, by which this and the whole wood guide C receives
their vertical motion of 10mm. As said before the rod M makes an
vertical motion by means of the hand lever V. The angle lever can
follow that motion without turning the rod M³, moving freely up and
down in the guide, which bears also the centre of motion of the angle
lever, and because the end of its longer arm can also move in the long
slit of the slide S*.
If the angle lever turns at each height its centre of motion must be
fixed from time to time, and that is effected by the rod M³, which is
taken at right time by a pincer and held fast (s, Table IV., Fig. 2).
The disc S¹ on the shaft S in combination with the lever work S², S³, (see
Table 2, Fig. 1, and 4, Fig. 2), causes the pincer to be opened and
closed at the right time. If for instance the angle lever by means of
S4, S5, S6, has effected its turn and raised the rod M to 10mm, when the
rod M was held fast, the pincer X opens, and the lever M², the rod M³,
and the rod M with the wood guide C fall down. This opening of the
pincer is effected at the same moment that the peg's channel of the
wood guide is vertically above over the hole made just before by the
awl into the sole. The wood guide falls therefore with its pin U on the
sole, and that is the result wished, and the moment represented by
Fig. 1, Table II. The rod W is moved up and down by hand lever V,
and this movement is transmitted by means of the catches V¹ and V
upon
the rod M. The rod W bears on its support W₁ the roller W², to
which the edge of the sole must be close up when working. The
workman directs the hand lever V in his right hand in such way that
the roller W can follow all vertical irregularities of the edge of the
sole, and by this the pin of the guide preserves its position vertically to
the roller, being raised also by the catch V¹ and the nose V*. In order
that the edge of the sole shall be always close to the roller, notwith-
standing its curves, the workman moves on his slide A¹ with his 'left
hand on the lever Y (Tab. II., III., IV.), the support A, on which is
fixed the boot nearer, and presses it against the roller. That manipu-
lation brings us to the motion of the support A.
Motion of the Support A.-The support A has two horizontal motions
rectangular to each other, the one parallel to the main shaft is effected
by hand by the lever Y by the slide A' being moved upon its plane A².
The workman presses with his left hand by means of the lever the sole's
edge against the roller. The slide A¹ with the support A moves

page_text: rectangularly to the shaft S upon the plane A³, and that movement
is effected by a mandril with a self-acting ratchet wheel acting tem-
porarilyy and regulating the distance of the points and pegs in the sole
from each other. As may be seen from the Drawings the movement
of the ratchet wheel is effected by a crank. The mechanism belonging
to that part are the following:-The motion of the cranks is transmitted
by the connecting rod Z to the lever Z' and the shaft Z. The pin of
the shorter arm of the lever Z* catches in the wheel Z³ and transfers the
motion by means of this lever Z and its parts Z³ to the spindle Z®.
The support A turns around the inclined upright shaft of the cam A³
to work the sole on both sides. The adjusting of the support is effected
by displacing the parts the one against the other, according to the size
of the boot, and the fastening is made by means of the adjusting
screws A, which can easily be seen from the Drawings, and can be
understood without further description.
Hitherto I have supposed the roller W³ to remain invariably in a
horizontal direction to the pin U, and that is the case if the workman
nail only by one row, because then all pegs stand in one row parallel to
the sole edge; but if the workman nail by two rows the roller then
is displaced horizontally to the distance of the two pegs' lines and
sole touching it also. The roller making that motion to and fro once,
the awl stitching in the same time twice, the stitches and holes are
made in a zig-zag line, because the sole moves at the same time forwards
by a means of the ratchet wheel of the spindle, and therefore two
rows of parallel stitches is made. The mechanism by which that is
effected is the following:-On the main shaft S is mounted the small
wheel We catching in the wheel W. With the latter is combined a
disc working a lever W³ which moves the slide W' to and fro. The part
Ws with its long slit takes the pin on the cylinder bearing the roller
and moving in the support W¹. By this means a limited displacing of
the roller is obtained. A spring wound around the connecting rod W'
causes the junction of the levers' pin to the disc upon the small
wheels W'.
If it is desired to nail by one row the mechanism is simply stopped
in its motion by turning the small excentric W, thereby removing the
levers' pin W³ from touching the disc W*. The screw W1 is intended to
fix entirely the roller W. The disc W³ receives its rotation from the same
wheel driving the small wheel W*, and by means of the levers P¹s and

page_text: P cuts the pegs of the chips with the knife P". The disc Ks on the
shaft S causes the horizontal motion of the wood guide C, E, by the
lever K, the slide K, and the slot K.
The whole mechanism is fitted upon an iron table on an upright
frame containing the bearings of the working mechanisms. The support
of the boot which is under operation is fitted upon the table, and the
ratchet wheel of the mandril on the table and under it. The machine
is worked by a treddle, and motion is transmitted by a cord from below
to the shaft S above.
The workman stands before the machine; he has in the right hand
the lever V, in the left hand the lever Y, setting the fly wheel in motion
with his foot in the direction of the arrow, he pushes the boot by means
of the lever Y with its edge against the roller and makes the roller
press against the edge of the sole by means of the lever V. At this
moment the machine is in the following position:-The awl is about to
descend, the hammers' pin giving room to it is turned a little to the side.
The wood chip guide is raised to 10mm by the aforesaid angle lever and is
now in its most outward position to the right hand. The peg is cut
off and is already in the channel D. The awl descends, makes the hole
into the sole, and is again raised. The wood guide moves to the left
hand, and arrived above the hole it lets fall the pincer H and the rod M³,
and the wood chip guide with its pin falls exactly upon the hole made
before. At that moment the hammer goes down and its pin penetrates
the channel D, driving the peg contained in the channel into the hole.
This done the hammer with the pin goes back, the sole advances by
means of the spindle, and the whole manipulation begins again.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of May in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.