IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Wilde, of the City of Manchester, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, AND
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Scaled the 11th March 1862, and dated the 28th November 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Wilde at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th.
November 1861.
I, HENRY WILDE, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby
declare, the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in certain improvements in the magneto-
electric machine described under the head of the third improvement of the
Provisional Specification of Letters Patent applied for by me on the Tenth
of August, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, No. 1994.
In the present improvement a number of rectilinear permanent magnets
with soft iron cores placed on their extremities, and enveloped with coils of.
insulated, wire, are fixed upon a suitable frame in the circumference of a
circle, and at right angles to its plane. Several of such circles of magnets.
may be fixed in the same frame concentric with each other. Through the
centre of the circle or circles of permanent magnets a shaft is made to
revolve upon suitable bearings by means of a steam engine or other motor,

page_text: On this shaft a number of radial bars of soft iron are secured, and made to
revolve before the polar extremities of the permanent magnets and stationary
coils, the wires of which are so coupled up that the electric currents generated
in each are propagated simultaneously through the same conducting wire.
A number of these machines may be used in conjunction by fixing to the
same shaft several sets of radial arms, and causing them to revolve before
corresponding circles of permanent magnets and stationarycoils. The momen-
tary currents of electricity generated simultaneously from a number of these
machines, may be employed for the purpose of telegraphing through un-
insulated submarine metalliccables, in which case one terminal of the machine
is connected with the uninsulated metallic conductor, and the other terminal
is either connected with an earth plate of large dimensions,orjoined to another
uninsulated metallic cable extending to some other distant station at which
telegraphic communication is required. These uninsulated metallic cables
should have a very large sectional area, and may be constructed of copper on
account of its being a much better conductor of electricity than iron,and less
oxidizable. The electric currents transmitted through these cables from the
magneto-electric machines before described, are made available for the purpose
of giving signals by short circuiting, breaking contact, or other means as is
well understood.
My Invention consists, secondly, in certain improvements in the method of
submerging such uninsulated metallic cables, which greatly diminish the risk
and loss when by any accident such cables break in deep water, and cannot
be recovered, and which method also renders the cable less liable to injury
after being submerged.
In this improvement the uninsulated cable to be submerged is divided
throughout its entire length into a suitable number of longitudinal sections,
which form separate cables, each section is then separately submerged, and
the extremities of all the sections are collected together at each shore end,.and
joined so as to form one conducting-cable.
It will, therefore, be evident that if by any accident one of the sections break
and cannot be recovered, the loss will be confined to that section only, also
the distance intervening between the separate sections throughout the greater
portion of their length after being submerged, renders them less liable to be
permanently injured by the same cause which might make any single cable
useless.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Wilde in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th May 1862.
TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
WILDE, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Henry Wilde, Her special license that I, the said Henry
Wilde, my executors, adininistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Henry Wilde, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed,should andlawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," upon the condition (amongst others), that I, the said Henry Wilde,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their or one of their hands and seals,should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Wilde, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say)
My Invention consists, firstly, in certain improvements in the magneto-
electric machines described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
me on the Tenth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one,
No. 1994.
A number of rectilinear or horse-shoe permanent magnets, with soft iron
cores placed on their extremities, and enveloped with coils of insulated wire,
are fixed upon a suitable frame in the circumference of a circle, and at right
angles to its plane.
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1, is an elevation, and Fig. 2 a side view of a compound

page_text: magneto-electric machine constructed according to this improvement, in
which are shewn several circles of magnets concentric with each other.
Through the centre of the circle or circles of magnets a, a, a shaft b is made
to revolve upon suitable bearings e, c, by means of a steam engine or other
motor. On this shaft a number of radial bars d,d, are secured, and made to
revolve before the polar extremities of the permanent magnets a, a, and
stationary coils e. c, the wires of which are so coupled up that the electric
currents generated in each are propagated simultaneously through the same
conducting wire.
A number of these machines may be used in conjunction either by fixing to
the same shaft ó several sets of radial bars d, d, and causing them to revolve
before corresponding circles of rectilinear or horse-shoe permanent magnets,
and stationary coils as before described, or by gearing them together by means
of suitable wheels. The alternate strong and weak currents generated by the
approach and the recession of the armatures may be equalised either by gearing
them in such a manner that when one set of armatures are approaching, the
others shall be receding from their respective magnets, or by changing the
relative positions of the armatures on the same axis as described in the Speci-
fication of the Letters Patent above referred to.
On Sheet 2, Fig. 3 is an elevation, and Fig. 4 a side view, representing a
modification of acompound inagneto-electric machine to which these methods
of equalizing the currents are applicable. In these views the magnets a, a,
with the coils e, e, are fixed to a framing of wood f,; the soft iron bars d, d
extending the whole length of the series of magnets, are fixed to arms
attached to the revolving shaft b. The relative positions of the armatures is
changed as shewn by the dotted lines in Fig. 3, to equalise the succession of
inverted currents produced.
On Sheet 3, Figs. 5 and 6 represent two views of another magneto-electric
machine The magnets a, a, and coils e, e, arestationary, and the armatures d,
fixed on the shaft, revolve-between-the-ends of the coils e, e. The relative
positions of armatures are changed to equalise the currents asabove described.
The momentary currents of electricity generated simultaneously from a
number of the machines above described, may be employed for the purpose of
telegraphing through uninsulated submarine metallic cables, in which case
one terminal of the machine is connected with the uninsulated metallic con-
ductor, and the other terminal is either connected with an earth plate of large
dimensions, or joined to another uninsulated metallic cable extending to some
other distant station at which telegraphic communication is required."

page_text: These uninsulated metallic cables should have a very large sectional area,
and may be constructed of copper ou account of its being a much better con-
ductor of electricity than iron and less oxidizable. The electric currents trans-
mitted through these cables from the magneto-electric machines, are made
available for the purpose ofgiving signals by short circuiting, breaking contact,
or other means, as is well understood.
My Invention consists, secondly, in certain improvements in the method of
submerging such uninsulated metallic cables, which greatly diminishes the risk
and loss when by any accident such cables break in deep water and cannot be
recovered, and which method also renders the cables less liable to injury after
being submerged.
In this improvement the uninsulated cable to be submerged is divided
throughout its entire length into a suitable number of longitudinal sections,
which forms separate cables, each section is then separately submerged, and
the extremities of all the sections are collected together at each shore end, and
joined so as to form one conducting cable.
It will, therefore, be evident that if by any accidentone of the sections break
and cannot be recovered, the loss will be confined to that section only, also the
lateral distance intervening between the separate sections throughout the
greater portion of the length of the cable after being submerged, renders them
less liable to be permanently injured by the same cause which might make
any single cable useless.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the improved magueto-electric machines with stationary coils, as
shewn and described in reference to Sheets 1, 2, and 3.
Secondly, the use and application of an additional uninsulated metallic cable
in lieu of an earth plate, as described.
Thirdly, the submerging of uninsulated metallic cables in separatesections,
in the manner and for the purposes described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Wilde, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
H. WILDE (L.S.)