IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MADAME on Dun HARDICO
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Gadd, of Stratford Square, Nottingham, and
John Moore, of Manchester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MADAME on Dun HARDICO"
Sealed the 24th November 1865, and dated the 2nd June 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Gadd and John
Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd June 1865.
We, WILLIAM GADD, of Stratford Square, Nottingham, and JOHN MOORE,
of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Carpets and other pile fabrics are generally formed what are called single,
that is, one piece at a time and with the pile surface of the fabric towards the
operator. Such fabrics have also been formed double, that is, by two pieces
being produced simultaneously, and in this latter case during manufacture the
back of one of the fabrics is towards the operator, and the two fabrics are
connected together in the weaving by the pile threads, each of which alter-
nately forms part of one fabric, and then of the other, and the two fabrics are
separated by dividing the connecting pile. By these means a cut or velvet
pile of fabric is necessarily produced.
Now by our improvements we produce two distinct fabrics, which are simply..
held together face to face during the formation of rows of pile thereon, and in

page_text: carrying them into effect, in place of each of the pile threads forming alter-
nately part of one and then of the other fabric, there are two separate and
independent sets of pile threads, one of which sets of pile threads constantly
operates with one body or back, and the other set with the other body or back,
and the fabrics are held together in the weaving only at the parts where fresh
fabric is being produced by the pile of the respective fabrics being formed
as loops on the same set of pile wires, that is to say, a row, or parts of rows
of loops of each fabric is formed on every pile wire. For this purpose the
pile threads and the linen or other body threads for each fabric are actuated
by the heals or harness for the passage and tying in of their respective weft
threads, and the pile threads of the fabrics are opened into sheds for the
passage of pile wires, and then in the closing of them over such pile wires,
each set of pile threads forms a separate row of loops in the opposite direction,
but on the same or corresponding pile wire. As the loops are tied in and the
wires withdrawn the two fabrics become separate, and if the wires employed
are plain, terry or uncut pile fabric will be obtained, but by the use of cutting
edges to the wires each set of loops may be cut to form cut or velvet pile.
Guards may be employed to protect the body of one fabric from being cut in
cutting the loops of the other. For the support of the upper shuttle in its
traverse, we apply combs or grates passing between the warp threads to the
extent desired and supported by a cross bar from the front of the loom. By
these means economy of time and labor will be obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Gadd and John Moore in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st December 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GADD, of Stratford Square, Nottingham, and JOHN MOORE, of Manchester,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the second day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Gadd and John Moore, Her special licence that we, the said William
Gadd and John Moore, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the. said William Gadd and John Moore, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,

page_text: from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,; within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OP PILE FABRICS," upon. the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
William Gadd and John Moore, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be; per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next, and. immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Gadd and John Moore, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Carpets and other pile fabrics are generally woven "single," that is, one
piece or thickness of fabric is woven at a time in each loom, with the pile surface
of the fabric towards the operator or attendant upon such loom. Such fabrics
have also been formed by weaving "double," that is, by two pieces or thick-
nesses of fabric being produced in the weaving simultaneously in the same
loom, and in this latter case during manufacture the back of one of the fabrics
is towards the operator, and the two fabrics are connected together in the
weaving by the pile threads, each of which alternately forms part of one fabric
and then of the other, and the two fabrics are separated by dividing or cutting
through the connecting pile.
Now, by our improvements we produce together in the same loom at the
same time two distinct fabrics, which are simply held together face to face
during the formation of rows of pile on such two fabrics.
In carrying these improvements into effect in place of each of the pile
tbreads forming alternately part of one and then of the other of the fabrics
thus simultaneously produced, there are two separate and independent sets.
of pile threads, one of which sets of pile threads as operated by healds or
harness is tied or bound in during the weaving only, with one body or back
to form the face of one fabric, and the other set of pile threads is operated by
healds or harness only to be tied or bound in during the weaving with the/
other body or back to form the face of the fabric, and the two fabrics obtained.
are held together in the weaving only at the parts. where the fresh fabric is,
being produced by the pile of the respective fabrics being looped on the same;

page_text: set of wires, that is to say, a row or parts of rows of loops of each of the two
fabrics thus simultaneously produced is at the same time formed on every pile.
wire for the time in the fabric.
.t
In carrying our improvements into effect, the loom is arranged to throw the
required weft thread or threads for the two fabrics simultaneously into their
respective sheds, and the pile threads and the linen or other back or body
threads for each fabric thus simultaneously produced are actuated by healds
or barness for the passage and tying in of their respective weft threads. The
pile threads of the fabrics are opened into sheds for the passage of pile wires,
and then in the closing of them over such pile wires each set of pile threads
forms a separate row or part row of loops in the opposite direction, one for
ch fabric, but on the same or corresponding pile wire. The wires and the
otions for operating them to take them into the sheds opened for them, or
or drawing them out of the formed loops, may be such as are now generally
n use in weaving carpets and such like looped pile fabrics. As the loops are
tied in to the bodies or backs of the respective fabrics by the weft threads, and
the wires are withdrawn therefrom, the two fabrics separate one from the
other, each of them having a pile or nap face. And supposing the wires
employed to be what are called "plain" wires, that is, they are without any
cutting edges to them, then what is called "terry" or uncut or looped fabrics
will be produced. By the use of cutting edges to the wires, each set of loops
may be cut to form cut or velvet pile. These cutting edges will be formed at
the outer end of such wires, and on the opposite edges thereof, so as at the
same time to cut through the centre of a row of loops of each fabric. If
desired a guard may be applied to such cutting edges as indicated by Figure 1
to protect the back or body of the respective fabrics from such cutting edges.
A, A, are the two cutting edges to the end of a wire B, and C, C, the guard.
To aid in supporting the upper shuttle when the fabrics lie horizontally or one
over the other, and to prevent its passing down amongst the warps for the
time between the two sheds, we sometimes apply combs or grates, which pass
between the warp threads and between the sheds to the extent desired; such
combs or grates being supported by a bar in front of the batten, or towards the
weaver, and extending at their inner ends to within a short distance of the reeds
thereof. Looms for operating according to our Invention may have the fabrics
produced in a vertical or other direction face to face.
We do not confine ourselves to any particular character or order of wefting,
or of raising of the pile loops to the respective fabrics, but we have by the
diagram, Figure 2, shown one which we adopt. In this case the linen or other
threads forming the backs or bodies of the respective fabrics are represented

page_text: by the brown lines a, a, and b, b, whilst the pile threads of the one fabric a
are represented by the red and green lines c and d, and the pile threads of the
other fabric b are represented by the blue and yellow lines e and f; 9, 9, are
the weft threads, and h, h, pile wires, and it will be seen that in this illustration
the pile threads of each fabric are divided into two sets to be raised alternately;
thus, the threads c of the fabric a will be operated to form a row or part
row of loops to that fabric a, whilst the threads f of the fabric b are operated
simultaneously to form a corresponding row or part row of loops to the fabric b,
and the threads d and e will in like manner be operated together to form inter-
mediate rows of loops to the respective fabrics, and so on alternately, but the
order of operating the various threads may be varied.
Having thus described our improvements and means which we adopt in
carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the order or arrangement of working referred to, as such
may be varied without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention
as set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Gadd and John Moore, bave
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-seventh day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
WILLIAM GADD. (L.S.)
JOHN MOORE.
(L.S.)