mitting instrument, and the receiving
Year: 1865

page_text: 2
mitting instrument, and the receiving instrument. The punching instrument
consists of a plain disc of metal or other suitable material mounted on a
horizontal shaft or spindle. This disc is perforated with twenty-eight holes at
equal distances apart, and all situated on a circle near its periphery; the
holes correspond to the twenty-six letters of the alphabet and to the sign "&,"
generally used for "and so forth," and one hole is left blank and forms the
starting point of the disc at the beginning of new words. The letters of the
alphabet and the sign "&" are marked on the face of the disc opposite the holes,
and a handle placed opposite the blank hole serves to turn the disc. The shaft on
which the disc is mounted has its bearing in a standard rising from the platform
which supports the instrument, and it is hollow to receive the end of screw
spindle, on which a cylinder is mounted. The screw spindle has its bearing
at one end in the hollow shaft, and at its opposite end in a pointed screw
secured in the standard. An arm is firmly connected to the inner end of the
shaft, and carries a horizontál rod, extending through a forked bracket which
is secured to the end of the cylinder. This arm transmits the rotary motion
imparted to the shaft and disc to the cylinder. This cylinder is made of wood
or any other soft material, and it screws on the spindle, so that when the
cylinder is rotated while the spindle remains stationary the screw thread
causes the said cylinder, to travel in a longitudinal direction, parallel to its
axis. A pin, which projects from the screw spindle at right angles to the
same, by coming in contact with a stud inserted in the standard retains
the screw spindle and prevents it from revolving with the cylinder. The
paper in which the message is to be punched is stretched on the cylinder,.
and the perforations are produced by the action of a punch, which is fastened
in a head secured to the loose end of a vertical spring or elastic standard, and
operated by a handle. A brake bearing against the periphery of the disc.
prevents the same from rotating spontaneously. The said disc is turned by a
pin inserted in one of the holes, and a stop rising from the platform limits
the motion of the said disc. At the beginning of the operation the cylinder
is brought in such a position that the end furthest from the disc is opposite
the punch, and the disc is brought in its starting position by placing: the pin
into the blank hole and turning from left to right until the same comes in
contact with the stop. In this position a hole is punched in the paper to
correspond to the starting point of the message: If it is desired, for
instance, to punch the word "Boyle "in the paper on the cylinder, the pin is
withdrawn from the blank hole opposite the letter B, and the disc is turned:
with one hand in the. one "direction until the pin comes in contact with the
stop.
A blow given with the other hand to the handle of the punch produces

page_text: the desired perforation. The pin is then inserted into the hole opposite the
letter "O," the disc is turned, and by striking the punch the second perforation
is produced in the paper, and so on until every letter is represented by it's
perforation in the paper. At the end of each word the disc must be brought
back to the starting point and a hole punched in the paper to correspond' to
the blank. When the entire message has thus been punched in the paper on
the cylinder, the said paper is removed and carried to the telegraph office,
where the operator applies it to the paper cylinder of the transmitting
instrument. This part of the instrument is mounted on a platform of wood
or any other bad conductor of electricity, and it is provided with a cylinder
of metal or other good conductor of electricity. The diameter of this cylinder
is precisely equal to the paper cylinder of the punching instrument, and the
said cylinder is provided with a suitable mark to enable the operator to bring
the perforated paper in the correct position by placing the first perforation in
the paper opposite to the said mark. The metal cylinder is mounted on a screw
spindle, the screw thread of which is precisely of the same pitch as that of the
first spindle, and which is made flat at one end to fit into the forked end of a
standard rising from the platform, so as to prevent it from turning round with
the cylinder. The other end of the said spindle is insulated by a piece of ivory
fitted to it, and it is supported by the inner pointed end of a shaft which bas
its bearing in an arm extending from the frame of a clock movement, whereas
the outer end of the said shaft is supported by a screw secured in a standard
that rises from the platform. On the inner end of the pointed shaft is mounted
a pinion, from which extends an arm carrying a horizontal rod that extends
through a forked bracket secured to the end of the metal cylinder. When the
pointed shaft revolves therefore a rotary motion is imparted to the metal
cylinder, and by the action of the screw spindle, which remains stationary, the
revolving cylinder is caused to traverse in a direction parallel to its axis for
the distance of one-thread for each revolution, precisely in the same manner as
the paper cylinder of the punching instrument. The revolving motion of the
pointed shaft is produced by the clock movement, which is driven by a weight
or spring, and the speed of which is regulated by a fan or in any other
suitable manner, and when the instrument is not used the motion of the said
shaft is stopped by a key, which passes through a standard and comes in
contact with an arm projecting from the said shaft. As soon as the key is
drawn out the motion of the shaft and paper cylinder cominences, provided
the clock movement is wound up. On the inner pointed shaft is mounted a
cog wheel and an oscillating pawl attached to the armature of an electro-
magnet, which is arranged in such a position-that when the said armature is

page_text: drawn back from the core of the electro-magnet by the action of its springs,
the said cog wheel and shaft are allowed to revolve without obstruction, but
as soon as the circuit through the said electro-magnet is closed and the
armature is attracted, the pawl engages with the teeth of the cog wheel and
the motion of the paper cylinder stops. The object is effected by the action
of a metallic spring or finger, the point of which bears down upon the surface
of the paper on the paper cylinder. Whenever one of the perforations in the
paper comes under the point of the said spring, causing the same to come in
contact with the metallic surface of the paper, cylinder, the circuit through the
helix of the electro-magnet is closed and the armature of the same is attracted,
The pawl engages with the teeth of the cog wheel, and the motion of the
paper cylinder stops, but it continues long enough to carry the point of the
spring beyond the perforation, so that the circuit is immediately opened, and
the stoppage of the motion of the pointed shaft is only momentary. The
object of this momentary stoppage is to obtain time for the printing of each
letter, as will be explained in describing the receiving instrument. In order
to bring the electro-magnet in the circuit, one end of its helix connects by a
wire and stud, which represents the earth, and the other end of the helix
connects by a wire with the standard from which the spring extends. A wire
also extends from the forked standard to a wire leading from the main line
stud to the springs, the object. of which will be presently explained. These
springs are in metallic connection with the poles of the main battery and
with a wire so that the circuit is open while the spring touches the paper, but
so soon as the point of the spring dropping into one of the perforations of the
paper comes in contact with the metal surface of the paper cylinder the
circuit is closed and the armature of the electro-magnet is attracted, as
previously described. The cog wheel is provided with twenty-eight cogs, and
the position of these cogs correspond to the twenty-eight letters on the disc
of the punching instrument and to the perforations produced thereby in the
paper. If the twenty-eight letters and the blank are punched out in con-
secutive order, and the transmitting instrument is set in motion, the cog wheel
will stop once for every letter or sign, giving time to print the same.. On the
pointed shaft is also mounted the division wheel, which is made of a cylindrical
body of hard gutta percha, india-rubber, or other good conductor of electricity.
inlaid with two toothed metal rings, each of which is provided..with fourteen,
teeth or divisions, thus dividing the circumference of the wheel in twenty-
eight spaces, one half of which presents a metallic surface and the other half a
surface of rubber or other non-conductor. Three sets of springs bear on the
surface of the division wheel, one set on one side and the, other two sets on

page_text: the opposite side. The springs which are situated between the division wheel
and the helix béar on the solid metallic rims of the same, and the springs
which are situated on the opposite side of the said wheel bear on the divisions,
and they are so arranged that when 'some of the springs bear on a metallic
division, others bear on an intermediate insulating division, and vice versa.
By this arrangement, and by the peculiar connection with the battery and
with the earth and main lines, an alternate positive and negative current is
passed from the transmitting to the receiving station. Each revolution of the
division wheel and of the paper cylinder produces fourteen positive and fourteen
Enegative currents; which control the mechanism of the receiving instrument.
This part of my Invention consists principally of' a set of four intensity
coils and a vibrating horse-shoe magnet, which controls the motion of a clock
movement, and through it that of the type wheel. The cores of the intensity
coils are not connected, and the connection of their helices with the 'main
line is such that their poles are reversed, bringing a positive pole opposite to
a negative, and vice versa. The horse-shoe magnet is secured to a standard,
which rises from the platform supporting the entire mechanism, and is so
arranged that it is allowed to vibrate between the poles of the intensity coils,
without being permitted, however, to come in contact with them. Every
Tchange in the nature of the current passing through the intensity coils
produces an oscillation of the horse-shoe magnet, and since the change of the
current depends upon the division wheel in 'the transmitting instrument as
previously described,' each revolution of the said division wheel produces
twenty-eight 'oscillations of the horse-shoe magnet. From the horse-shoe
magnet extends a horizontal arm, the forked end of which straddles an
escapement wheel with fourteen teeth. One prong of the fork is longer than
the other; and the said fork is so adjusted in relation to the escapement wheel
that for each oscillation of the horse-shoe magnet the escapement. wheel is
allowed to révolve half a tooth, ând consequently twenty-eight oscillations of
the magnet are required; to produce a complete revolution of the escapement
wheel. The said "escapement: wheel is mounted on a sleeve which. turns
loosely on the shaft of the alphabet wheel, being connected to it by means of
a hair spring, which extends from it to an arm which is rigidly attached to
the said 'shaft: As the shaft rotates by the action of the clock movement the
spring is wound up, and the 'escapément wheel turns whenever the fork releases
its teeth. In order to prevent the hair spring being" wound up any more than
necessary to impart notion to the escapement wheel and to "allow the type
wheel to catch up, if from sonie cause its motion should be retarded, a' toothed"
wheel is employed, which is mounted on a tubular shaft that has its bearing on a
3
3

page_text: pin extending from the alphabet wheel shaft ; secured to the outer end of the
said tubular shaft is a pinion which gears in a stationary toothed rim or crown
wheel firmly secured to the frame of the clock movement. As the alphabet
wheel shaft rotates the pinion is carried round on the toothed ring, and
a revolving motion is imparted to it and to the toothed wheel before
mentioned. The teeth of this wheel' come in contact with a stop: which
projects from the end of the escapement sleeve wheel. As long as the escape-
ment wheel is not permitted to revolve, the alphabet wheel shaft rotates until
one of the teeth of the said wheel strikes a stop, and by this motion the hair
spring is wound up sufficiently to impart motion to the escapement wheel. As
soon as the fork' releases the escapement wheel the sleeve last above mentioned
rotates and the stop advances, thus allowing the toothed wheel mounted on the
tubular shaft to make a quarter revolution. The resistance to be overcome by
the fork is only that of the hair spring, which is very weak, and at the same
time the full power of the clock movement is exerted to turn the type wheel shaft.
The teeth of this toothed wheel are so adjusted that for each motion of the
said wheel the type wheel advances one type or space, and the number of
types or characters being equal to that of the characters on the disc of the
punching machine, it will be readily understood how by the mechanism above
described the motion of the type wheel is made to conform to the motion
of the paper cylinder, the motion of the said type wheel being governed by
the division wheel and the oscillations of the horse-shoe magnet. The type
wheel revolves under a printing block, which is secured, between two arms
extending from a horizontal shaft, which has its bearings in two standards
rising from the platform which supports the receiving mechanism. In front
of the printing block are small rollers which serve to convey the paper, and
after the paper. has been printed it passes off to a take-up roller, on which
it is wound, together with a secondary strip; the main strip passes in from
above and the secondary strip from below. A small roller provided with a
series of fine points is mounted on the end of a spring and pressed against
the surface of the paper on the take-up roller, and as this roller revolves the
points. of the roller pierce the two strips of paper and cause them to adhere
together, so that the message printed on, the first strip is covered by the
secondary strip, and cannot be read until the two strips are separated. To
prevent the strips of paper becoming separated when they are taken off, I
connect the ends by a small quantity of paste. When this is done the strips
can be taken off from the roller endways in the form of a ring. Instead of
covering the strip of paper after printing, a strip may be covered with thin
muslin, or other; textile fabric on both sides, attached in such a manner that

page_text: it can be readily torn off. In this strip the perforations of the types cannot
be distinguished until the textile fabric is removed. The take-up roller is
mounted on a shaft which carries a drum from which a weight is suspended,
to, impart to the said roller the requisite rotary motion. This motion
regulated by a second escapement, wheel mounted on a shaft, and which is
provided with teeth of such a pitch that the paper is fed along the requisite
distance after every letter printed on it. A. forked arm, which extends from
the armature of an electro-magnet, engages with the teeth of the second
escape, wheel, and arrests the same until the armature of the electro-
magnet is attracted. In that case one prong of the fork relieves the tooth
with, which it has been in contact, and the said wheel revolves half a tooth, and
when the, armature is; drawn back again, this second escapement wheel is
set free to revolve half a tooth. If the armature of the electro-magnet is
not attracted the teeth of the second escapement wheel press on the dog
which is pivotted to one of the standards, and the back of this dog acts on
an arm which extends from the, horizontal shaft, and is, subjected to the
action of a spring. This spring has a tendency to draw the printing, block
down on the surface of the types, but its power is overcome by the action of
the dog, which raises the arm and throws, the printing block off from the
type wheel. The type wheel is, thus allowed to revolve freely until that
letter which is to be printed arrives under the printing block. At the
moment, the type wheel stops the armature of the electro-magnet is attracted
and the second escapement, wheel advances half a tooth. By this motion
the dog is released suddenly,, and the spring acting on the arm operated by
the dog causes, the printing block to come down with considerable force.
In order to hold the type wheel in the correct position while the printing
block descends, and to prevent the same from turning one way or the other
during the printing operation, a wheel is mounted on the shaft of the type
wheel... This, wheel is provided with triangular teeth, whereby an arm,
by, dropping between, the said teeth, retains the same together with the
type wheel in the desired position. This arm is secured to a rock shaft,
which has its bearings on the pointed ends of screws secured in the frame,
and a second dog extending from the said shaft engages with the
cogs.
second escapement wheel, being held in contact therewith by a spring. By
the action of the weight the second escape wheel has a tendency to revolve
in the one direction, but it is prevented doing, so by the fork; and when the
wheel is held by the fork the dog rests against one of the teeth of the said
wheel, and the rock shaft arm is clear of the teeth of the triangular toothed
wheel; but as soon as the fork of the electro-maguet armature releases the
از
of the

page_text: second escape wheel the dog is forced in the backward direction, and the
point of the rock shaft arm is thrown in gear with the triangular toothed
wheel, causing the same together with the type wheel to stop in the desired
position. The motion of the armature fork and of the printing apparatus
which is controlled by the electro-magnet, is effected in the following
manner One end of the helix of the said electro-magnet connects | by
wire with one say, the positive pole of a local battery, and it's other end
connects by a wire with the pivot on which the horse-shoe 'magnet of the
intensity coils oscillates, while another wire extends from the negative pole
of the local battery to the standard which forms the bearings for the pivot of
the horse-shoe magnet. The said pivot is insulated by lining the sockets
in which it is stepped with ivory or other suitable non-conductor and
the metallic connection between it and the frame is effected whenever the
horse-shoe magnet touches one of the screws which limit its oscillations:
It must be understood from this that the circuit through the helix of the
electro-magnet is closed whenever the horse-shoé magnet comes in contact
with one of the screws, and as this magnet oscillates continually by the
action of the alternate positive and negative currents passing from the
transmitting instruments through the intensity coils, the circuit through the
helix of the electro-magnet is continually closed and opened. The oscillations
of the horse-shoe magnet, however, are so rapid that the electro-magnet has
no time to attract the armature, which is retained by an adjustable spring!
The type wheel therefore continues to revolve from one type to the other
for every oscillation of the horse-shoe. magnet, and it is not arrested until
the spring of the transmitting instrument comes in metallic contact with the
paper cylinder. At that moment the circuit through the helix of the electro-
magnet of the transmitting instrument is closed and its armature is attracted;
'causing a pawl to catch in the teeth of a cog wheel of that instrument and
to arrest momentarily the revolving motion of the division wheel. The
current, be it negative or positive; transmitted at that moment through the
main line to the receiving instrument continues for a little longer than the
Diotion of the division wheel, and the horse-shoe magnet remains in contact
'with one of the screws long enough to allow the electro-magnet of the
receiving instrument to overcome the force of the opposing" spring and to
attract its armature. When this takes place the fork before mentioned
releases the second escape wheel, and the printing mechanism is caused to
operate, at the same time the motion of the type wheel is arrested by the
action of the fork on the escapement wheel of fourteen teeth long enough to
allow time for the printing. The types are made of a series of sharp points

page_text: so that they readily perforate the paper, which is thrust against them by the
action of the printing block. The said types are either made out of 'separate.
pieces of steel and secured to the rim of the type wheel by 'solder or other
suitable means; or the type wheel may be made entirely out of steel, and
the types produced by engraving. The connection between the intensity:
coils and the transmitting. instrument. is effected by two wires, the one wire'
being made to connect through a switch with the main line, and the other.
through the stud with the earth line. The transmitting instrument represents
the operator; but by a slight i change in the construction, the receiving
instrument can be so arranged that it will record a message transmitted by.
the action of the hand of an operator on a key or other suitable mechanism.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th March 1866.
i
- TO ALL: TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of :53, Chancery Lane, in the County of. Middlesex, Engineer' aud
Patent Agent, send.greeting..
..WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Hér Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Iler reign; did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me; the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William
Clark; my executors, cadministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Clark; my.executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein rexpressed, should. and lawfully) might make, use,
exercise; and: vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the: Channel. Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MAGNETIC TELEGRAPHS," a communication to me from abroad by Robert
Kirk Boyle and Guiseppe Tagliabue, both of the City of New York;
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should. particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said: Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, rand cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal

page_text: Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date.
of the said Letters Patent.
1. :
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the. said. William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said. Invention, and, in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, 'reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-...
...Fig. 1 represents a face-view of the punching instrument; Fig. 2 is a plan
or top view of the same; Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the transmitting part
of the instrument; Fig. 4 is a plan or top view of the same; Fig. 5 is an
end. view of the receiving part of the instrument; Fig. 6 is a plan or top.view
of the same; Fig. 7 is a detached sectional view of the printing mechanism,
the line x, x, Fig. 6, indicating the plane of section; Fig. 8 is a detached
sectional view of the escapement of the printing mechanism on a larger scale
than the previous Figures; Fig. 9 is a detached face view of the escapement
wheel; Fig. 10 is a detached sectional view of one of the types; Fig. 11 is
an elevation of a strip of paper covered previous to the printing. Similar
letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in electro-magnetic. tele-.
graphs, whereby any person.desiring to send a message is enabled to prepare
the same, send it to the telegraph office, and have it transmitted and delivered
without allowing any one to see. or understand the same until it reaches the
hands of the person to which the communication is to be made. The new
instrument is composed of three distinct parts, viz., the punching instrument,
the transmitting instrument, and the receiving, instrument. The punching
instrument, which is represented in Figs. 1 and 2, consists of a plain disc A,
.of, metal or other suitable material, mounted on a horizontal.shaft or spindle a,
this disc, is perforated, with twenty-eight holes b at equal distances apart, and
all situated on a circle near its periphery.. The holes 6 correspond to the
twenty-six letters, of the alphabet and to the sign "&," generally used for
"and, so forth," and one hole is left blank and forms the starting point of the
disc at the beginning of new words... The letters of the alphabet and the sign
"&are marked on the face of the disc opposite the holes, and a handle 6x,
The shaft a, on which
placed opposite the blank hole, serves to turn the disc.
the disc is; mounted, has its bearing in a standard B, rising from the platform
which supports the instrument, and it is hollow to receive the end of the, screw
spindle C, on which the cylinder D is mounted. The screw spindle: has its
bearing at one end in the hollow shaft a, and at its opposite end in a pointed
screw secured in the standard E, as clearly shown in the Drawing. An

page_text: arm d is firmly connected to the inner end of the shaft a, and carries a hóri-
zontal rod. e, extending through a forked bracket f, which is secured to the
end of the cylinder. This arm transmits the rotary motion imparted to the
shaft a and disc A to the cylinder D.This cylinder is made of wood or any
other soft material, and it screws on the spindle C, so that when the cylinder
is rotated while the spindle remains stationary, the screw thread' causes said:
cylinder to travel in a longitudinal direction, or in a direction parallel to.its)
axis: A pin 9, which projects from the screw spindle at right angles to the
same, by coming in contact with a stud inserted in the standard E retains the
serew spindle, and prevents it from revolving with the cylinder. The paper in
which the message is to be punched is stretched on the cylinder D, and the
perforations are produced by the action of the punch F, which is fastened in!
a head secured to the loose end of a vertical spring or elastic standard G, and
operated by a handle H. A brake h, bearing against the periphery of the
disc, prevents the same from rotating spontaneously; said disc is turned by a
pin inserted in one of the holes a, and a stop. rising from the platform
limits the motion of said disc. At the beginning of the operation the cylinder:
is brought in such a position that the end furthest from the disc: A is opposite
the-punch, and the disc is brought in its starting position by placing the pin
into the blank hole, and turning from left to right: until the same comes in:
contact with the stop. In this position a hole is: punched: in. the paper to
correspond to the starting point of the message. If it is desired, for instance,
to punch the word" Boyle "in the paper on the cylinder, the pin is withdrawn
from the blank hole and inserted in the hole opposite the letter B, and the
disc is turned with one hand in the direction of the arrow marked on it in
Fig. 1 until the pin comes in contact with the stop. A blow given with the
other hand to the handle of the punch produces the desired perforation. The
jin is then inserted into the hole opposite the letter "O," the disc is turned,
and by striking the punch the second perforation is produced in the paper, and
so on until every letter is represented by its perforation in the paper. At the
end of each word the disc must be brought back to the starting point, and a
liole punched in the paper to correspond to the blank. When the entire
message has thus been punched in the paper on the cylinder D; said paper is
removed and carried to the telegraph office, where the operator applies it to
the paper cylinder of the transmitting instrument. This part of the instru-
ment is mounted on a platform A¹ of wood or any other bad conductor :of
electricity, and it is provided with a paper cylinder B' of metal or other good.
conductor of electricity. The diameter of this cylinder is precisely equal to
the paper cylinder of the punching instrument; and said cylinder-is provided:

page_text: ;
with a suitable mark to enable the operator to bring the perforated paper in
the correct position by placing the first perforation, in the paper opposite to
said mark. The cylinder B¹ is mounted on a screw spindle C', the screw
thread of which is precisely of the same pitch as that of the spindle C, and
which is made flat at one end to fit into the forked end of a standard D¹,
rising from the platform A¹ so as to prevent it from turning round with the
cylinder. The other end of said spindle is insulated by a piece of ivory fitted
to it, and it is supported by the inner pointed 'end of a shaft a', which has its
bearing in an arm'extending from the frame D* of a clock movement, whereas
the outer end of said shaft is supported by a screw 6', secured in a standard c¹,
that rises from the platform A. On the inner end of shaft a' is mounted a
pinión d'; from which extends an arm el, carrying a horizontal rod that extends
through a forked bracket secured to the end of the cylinder B'... When the
shaft a revolves therefore a rotary motion is imparted to the cylinder B', and by
the action of the screw spindle, which remains, stationary, the revolving cylinder
is caused to traverse in a direction parallel, to its axis for the distance of one
thread for each revolution, 'precisely, in the same manner as the paper cylinder
of the punching instrument. The revolving motion of the shaft a¹ is produced
by the clock movement E; which is driven by, a weight or spring, and the
speed of which is regulated by a fan or in any other. suitable manner, and
when the instrument is not used the motion of said shaft is stopped by a key.
h', which passes through standard c³, and comes, in contact with an arm i¹,
projecting from said shaft, as shown in Fig. 4. As soon as the key is drawn
out the motion of the shaft and paper cylinder commences, provided the clock
movement is 'wound up. On the shaft a¹ is mounted a cog wheel ¹, and an
oscillating pawl, attached to the armature of an electro-magnet F¹ is.
arranged in such a position that when said armature is drawn back from the
core of the electro-magnet by the action of its springs the wheel and shaft a¹
are allowed to revolve without obstruction; but as soon as the circuit through
said electro-magnet is closed and the armature is attracted, the pawl engages
with the teeth of the wheel, and the motion, of the paper cylinder stops. This
object is effected by the action of a metallic spring or finger, the point of which
bears down upon the surface of the paper on the paper cylinder. Whenever one
of, the perforations in, the paper comes under the point of said spring, causing
the same to come in contact with the metallic surface of the paper cylinder,
the circuit through; the helix of the electro-magnet F₁ is closed, and the
armature of the same is attracted. The pawl engages with the teeth of
the cog, wheel, and the motion of the paper cylinder stops, but it, continues
long enough to carry the point of the spring t beyond the perforation, so that,

page_text: the circuit is immediately opened and the stoppage of the motion of the shaft a
is only, momentary. The object of this momentary stoppage is to obtain time
for the printing of each letter, as will be explained in describing the receiving.
instrument...
i
1
1
In order to bring the electro-magnet, F¹ in the circuit; one end of its helix
connects by a wire 15 with the stud S, which represents, the earth, and the
other end of; the helix connects by a wire 11 with the standard; p), from which,
extends the spring : A wire 12 also extends from the forked standard. D¹to
a wire 10, leading from the main line stud o' to the springs q, q*, the object.¡
of which will be presently explained.. These springs are in metallic connec
tion with the holes of the main battery and with the wire 15, and by referring,
to the several wires in Fig. 4, it will be readily seen that the circuit is open
while the spring touches the paper, but so, soon as the point of the spring.
dropping into one of the perforations of the paper comes in contact with the.!
metal surface of the paper cylinder the circuit is closed, and the armature of,
the electro-magnet is attracted, as previously described. The cog wheel is,
provided with twenty-eight cogs, and the positions of these cogs, correspond
to 'twenty-eight letters on the disc of the punching, instrument and to the.i
perforations produced, thereby in the paper.. If the twenty-eight, letters; and
the blank are punched out in consecutive order, and the transmitting instrument.<
is, set in motion, the wheel will stop once for every letter or sign, giving time
to print the same, as, will be presently explained. On the shaft a¹is also
mounted the division wheel G', which is made of a cylindrical body of hard,
gutta percha, india-rubber, or other good conductor of electricity inlaid with two
toothed metal rings, each of which is provided with fourteen teeth or divisions,.t
thus dividing the circumference of the wheel in; twenty-eight spaces, one half.
of which presents a metallic surface, and the other half a surface of india;
rubber. or other non-conductor... Three sets of springs 99; 99, 99,
bear on the surface of the division wheel, one set on one side and the other,
two sets on the opposite side. The springs q, q*, which are situated; between f
the division wheel, and the helix bear on the solid metallic rims of the same,' }
and the springs qqq; q*, which are situated on the opposite side of.
said wheel, bear on the divisions, and they are so arranged that when the.↓
springs 9, qx, bear on the metallic division, the springs q, q; bear on ann
intermediate insulating division, and vice versa. By this arrangement, and
by the peculiar connection with the battery and with the, earth and main lines.>
an alternate.positive and negative current is passed from the transmitting: to,
the receiving station. The connection of the springs 9 9*,9¹qq¹¹9¹¹‚'¦
with the main battery and with the earth and main line is as follows:A

page_text: wire 13 extends from one of the springs q* to the negative pole N¹ of the
main battery, and another wire 14 connects the other spring q* with the
switch-S', and through it with the positive pole P¹ of the main battery. The
springs q, q, connect by the wire 10 with the main line stud o¹, and a wire
15 connects the springs qx, qux, with the earth line studs. From this
explanation it will be seen when the springs q, q; are in metallic contact
with the division wheel G' a negative current 'will pass through: the wire 13;
spring g*, division wheel G, spring q*, wire 10; and main line stud o¹; and
back through the earth line stu 1 s, wire 15, spring q, division wheel G₁,
spring q, and wire 14, to the positive pole of the battery: If the springs
q, qare, in metallic contact with the division wheel, a positive current
passes from the pole P through the wire 14, spring q, división wheel G₁,
spring q³, wire 10, and stud o¹ to the main line, and back through the earth'
line, springs q, q, and wire 13 to the negative pole of the battery. The
duration of these currents depends upon the speed and diameter of the division
wheel and upon the-number of divisions, which, as previously stated, amounts
to twenty-eight, equal to the number of holes in the dise of the punching!
instrument. Each revolution of, the division wheel and of the paper cylinder
produces fourteen- positive and fourteen negative currents, which control the
mechanism of the receiving instrument: This part of the Invention is repre
sented in Figs. 5 and 6: It consists principally of a set of four intensity' coils A
and a vibrating horse-shoe magnet. B, which [controls the motion of a clock
movement, C, and through it that of the type wheel D", as will be presently!
explained. The cores of the intensity coils are not connected, and the con-
nections of their helices with the main line is such that their poles are reversed;
bringing a positive pole opposite to a negative, and vice versa: The horse-
shoe magnet is secured to a standard E3, which rises from the platform'
supporting the entire mechanism, and it is "so arranged that it is allowed to:
vibrate between the poles of the intensity coils As without being permitted,
however, to come in contact with them. If 1, 2, 3, 4 represents' the poles of
the intensity. coils, and n, p, the negative and positive poles of the horse-shoe
magnet, and the current passing through the coils is of such a nature that the:
poles 1 and 2 are negative, and the poles 3 and 4 positive, the poles n³, p³,
of the horse-shoe magnet-will be attracted by the opposite poles 4 and 2, and
repulsed by the corresponding poles 1 and 3, and if the current through the
coils is reversed; so as to make the poles 1 and 2 positive, and the poles 3 and 4
negative, the poles n, p, of the horse-shoe magnet will be attracted by the
poles 1 and 3, and repulsed by the poles 4 and 2. Every change in the nature
of the current passing through the coils A³ produces an oscillation of the horse-

page_text: shoe magnet, and since the change of the current depends upon the division
wheel G¹.in the transmitting instrument, as previously described; each
revolution of said division wheel produces twenty-eight oscillations of the
horse-shoe magnet: From the horse-shoe magnet extends a horizontal arm a³
the forked end of which straddles an escapement wheel b' with fourteen teeth!
One prong of the fork as is longer than the other, and said fork is so adjusted
in relation to the escapement wheel that for each oscillation of the horse-shoo
magnet the escapement. wheel is allowed 'to: revolve half a tooth, and con
sequently twenty-eight. oscillations of the magnet are required to produce a
complete revolution of the escapement wheel, Said escapementwheel >>is
mounted on a sleeve c', which: turns loosely on the shaft ft. of the alphabet
wheel D, being connected to it by means of a hair spring &, which extends
from it to an arme, which is rigidly attached, to the shaft f³ As the shaft
rotates by the action of the clock movement C the spring is wound up, and
the escapement: wheel turns whenever the fork a releases its teeth. In; order.
to prevent the hair. spring being wound up any more than necessary to impart
motion to the escapement wheel, and to allow the type wheel to catch up if
from some cause.its motion should be retarded, a toothed wheel g³ is employed;
which is mounted on a tubular shaft h, that has its bearing on a pin extending
from the shaft f, as shown in Fig. 6. Secured to the outer end of the
tubular shaft h³ is a pinion, which gears in atstationary toothed rim or crown!
wheel that is firmly secured to the frame of the clock movement
the shaft frotates the pinion is carried round on. the toothed ring
As
and
a revolving motion is imparted to it and to the wheel g: The teeth of this
wheel come in contact with a stop k, which projects from the end of the
sleeve c. As long as the escapement wheel b is not permitted to revolve
the shaft frotates, until one of the teeth of the wheel strikes the stop *;
and by this motion the hair spring is wound up sufficiently.to impart motion to
the escapement wheel. As soon as the fork a releases: the escapement wheel
the sleeve ³ rotates and the stop & advances, thus allowing the wheel g³ to make
a quarter revolution. The resistance to be overcome by the fork a³ is only
that of, the hair, spring, which is very weak, and at the same time the full
power of the clock movement is exerted to turn the type wheel shaft. The
teeth of the wheel are so adjusted that for each motion of said wheel
the type wheel advances one space, or type, and the number. of types
for:
characters being equal to that of the characters on the disc: A of the punching
machine, it will be, readily understood how by the mechanism above described
the motion of the type wheel is made to conform to the motion of the paper.
cylinder, the motion of said type wheel being governed by; the division wheel G¹

page_text: and the oscillations of the horse-shoe magnét B. The type wheel D
revolves under a block F, which is secured between two arms Gr, extending
from a horizontal shaft H, which has its bearings in two standards. I³,) rising.
from the platform which supports the receiving mechanism. In front of the
printing block are small rollers, which servetto convey the paper;tand
after the paper has been printed it passes off to a také-up roller, m³, on which
it is wound together with a secondary strip, as shown in Fig. 7. The course
of these two strips, is shown in red lines in said Figure; the main stripsbeing
passed in from above and the secondary strip from below. A small roller in
provided with a series of fine points; is: mounted on the end of a spring and
pressed against the surface tof the paper on the take-up roller, and as this
roller revolves, the points of the roller.npierce the two strips of paper and
cause them to adhere together, so that the message printed on the first paper
strip is covered by the secondary strip; and cannot be read until the two strips
are separated: To prevent the two strips of paper.becoming separated when
they are taken off, I connect the ends by a small quantity of paste. When this
is done the strips can be taken off from the roller endways in the form of a ring.
Instead of covering the strips of paper after iprinting, however, a strip may be
used such as shown in Fig. 11. This strip is covered with thin muslin Lor
other textile fabrics on both sides, attached in such a manner that it dan be
readily torn off. In this strip the perforations of the types i cannot be diss
tinguished, until the textile fabricis removed. The take-up roller m³ is
mounted on a shaft, p³, which carries a dramag, from which a weight i
suspended to impart to said roller the requisite rotary motion: This motion is:
regulated by an escapement wheel J, which is mounted on the ishaft p³ and
which is provided with teeth of such a pitch that the paper is fed along the
requisite distance after every letter printed on it "A forked arm, which
extends from the armatures of an electro-magnet K³, engages with the teeth
of the wheel J; and arrests the same until the armature of the electro-magnet
is attracted. In that case one prong of the fork relieves the tooth with which'
it has, been! in contact; and said wheel revolves half a tooth; and when the:
armature is drawn back again the wheel Jis set free to revolve half a tooth!!
If the armature of the electro-magnet Kisi not: attracted the teeth of thel
wheel. Je press on a dog t; which is pivotted to one of the standards I, as
shown in Fig. 7 of the Drawing, and the back of this dog acts on an arm u
which extends from the shaft Hand: is subjected to the action of a spring
This spring, has a tendency to draw the printing block down on the surface of
the types,, but its power is overcome by the action of the dog, which raises'
the armi uLand. throws the printing block off from the type wheel." The type

page_text: 4.
wheel is thus allowed to revolve freely until that letter which is to be printed
arrives under the printing block. At that moment the type wheel stops a
short time, the armature s of the electro-magnet K is attracted, and the
wheel J advances half a tooth. By this motion the dog, t is released suddenly,.
and the spring ; acting on the arm. u³, causes the printing. block to come:
down with considerable force. In order to hold the type wheel in the correct,
position while the printing block descends, and to prevent the same from.
turning one way or the other during the printing operation, a wheel w is
mounted on the shaft f of the type wheel. This wheel is provided with
triangular teeth, as shown in Fig. 9, 'and an arm y, by dropping between said,
teeth, retains the same together with the type wheel in the desired position..
The army is secured to a rock shaft z³, which has its bearings on the
pointed ends of screws a³, secured in the frame I, and a dog, 63, extending
from said shaft engages with the cogs of the escapement wheel J, being held.
in contact therewith by a spring ³, as clearly shown in. Fig. 7 of the
Drawing. By. the action of the weight the wheel J2 has a tenilency, to
revolve in the direction of the arrow marked on it in said Figure, but it is,
prevented doing so by the: fork, and when the wheel is held by the fork the
dog b³ rests against one of the teeth of said wheel, and the' arm y³ is clear of
the teeth of the wheel w²; but as soon as the fork releases the,wheel J² the
dog 63 is forced back in the direction of the arrow marked near it in Fig. 7,
and the point of the arm yis thrown in gear with the wheel w, causing the,
same, together with the type wheel, to stop in the desired position. The
motion of the fork and of the printing 'apparatus, which is controlled by the
electro-magnet K³, is effected in the following manner:-One end of the
helix of said, electro-magnet connects by a wire 16 with one, say the positive
pole P of a local battery, and the other end connects by a wire 17 with the
pivot d³, on which the horse-shoe magnet B" oscillates, and another wire 18
extends from the negative pole N2 of the local battery to the standard E,
which forms the bearings for the pivot ds; said pivot is insulated by lining.
the sockets in which it is stepped with ivory or other suitable non-conductor,
and the metallic connection between it and the frame is effected whenever the
horse-shoe magnet 'touches one of 'the screws' e³, which limit its oscillations,
these screws being inserted into an 'arm f³ extending from the frame E, as
clearly shown in Fig. 6. By following the wires 16, 17, and 18, it will be
seen that the circuit through the helix of the electro-magnet K³ is closed
whenever the horse-shoe magnet, comes in contact with one of the screws &³,
and as this magnet oscillates continually by the action of the alternate positive,
and negative currents, passing from the transmitting instruments through the
B

page_text: helices of the electro-magnets A³, the circuit through the helix of the electro-
magnet K is continually closed and opened. The oscillations of the horse-shoe
magnet, however, are so rapid that the electro-magnet K2 has no time to
attract its armature s³, which is retained by an adjustable spring g³. The
type wheel D therefore continues to revolve from one type to the other for
every oscillation of the horse-shoe magnet, and it is not arrested until: the
spring of the transmitting instrument comes in metallic contact with the
paper cylinder B. At that moment the circuit through the helix of the electro-
magnet F is closed, and its armature is attracted, causing the pawl k to
catch in the teeth of the cog wheel j', and to arrest momentarily the revolving:
motion of the division wheel G. The current, be it negative or positive,
transmitted at that moment through the main line to the receiving instrument
continues for a little longer than the motion of the division wheel, and the
horse-shoe magnet remains in contact with one of the screws e long enough"
to allow the electro-magnet K² to overcome the force of the spring and to
attract the armature s. When this takes place the fork releases. the
wheel J, and the printing mechanism..is caused. to operate. At the same:
time the motion of the type wheel is arrested by the action of the fork a on
the escapement wheel 62 long enough to allow time for the printing. The
types h³ are made of a series of sharp points, as shown in Fig. 10, so that they.
readily perforate the paper, which is thrust against them by the action of the
printing block F. Said types are either made out of separate pieces of steel:
and secured to the rim of the type wheel. by solder or other suitable means, or
the type wheel may be made entirely out of steel and the types produced by:
engraving. The connection between the helices of the electro-magnets A³
and the transmitting instrument is effected by wires 19 and 20, the wire 19
being made to connect through the switch S3 with the main line, and the
wire 20 through the stud L with the earth line. The transmitting instrument
represents the operator, but by a slight change in the construction the
receiving instrument can be so arranged that it will record a message trans-
mitted by the action of the hand of an operator on a key or other suitable:
mechanism.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of. per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be
protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
.
1st, the alphabet disc A in combination with the revolving traversing paper
cylinder D and punch F, constructed and operating substantially as and for
the purpose described..
2ndly, so arranging the perforations in the paper that each of them by its.
"

page_text: peculiar position in relation to the. perforation representing the starting point
of the message and to the preceding and succeeding perforations; which
position is governed by the revolving and traversing motion of the paper
cylinder, or by any other equivalent means, represents a specific letter or sign,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3rdly, the combination of the screw spindle o¹ and spring with the
revolving metallic cylinder B and perforated paper, containing the message
to be transmitted, substantially as.and for the purpose specified.
4thly, the electro-magnet: F¹ and stop-pawl; in combination with the
cylinder B, carrying the perforated paper, and with the spring, constructed
and operating substantially. as and for the purpose set forth....
5thly, the division wheel.G, constructed, as described, in combination with
springs 9.9, 99, 9, paper cylinder B', electro-magnets A2, and horse-
shoe magnet, B", constructed and operating substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
6thly, arranging the poles of the electro-magnets A2 in such relation to the
horse-shoe magnet B that each pole of the horse-shoe magnet is simul-
taneously attracted by one and repulsed by another of the poles of the electro-
magnets, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
7thly, the forked arm a² and escapement wheel 6 in combination with the
oscillating horse-shoe magnet B", type wheel D³, and clock movement C*,
constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
8thly, the sleeve c, carrying the escapement wheel 6%, and hair spring d², in
combination with type wheel shaft f, wheel g³, pinion crown wheel ³, and
oscillating fork a³, constructed and operating substantially as and for the
purpose described.
9thly, the method, substantially as herein described, of regulating the
motion of the type wheel by means of a clockwork and of an escapement
wheel, to which motion is imparted by a hair spring substantially as set forth.
10thly, making the types with sharp-pointed cutting edges, substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
11thly, the escapement wheel J2 and electro-magnet K' in combination with
the dog t, arm us, spring, and printing block F, constructed and operating
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
12thly, the combination of the oscillating horse-shoe magnet B", electro-
magnet K², escapement wheel J', type wheel D", and printing block F*,
constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose described.
13thly, covering up the strip of paper containing the message before

page_text: or immediately after printing the same, substantially as:and for the purpose
specified.
14thly, the roller n², carrying a series of points; and applied in com-
bination with the take-up roller m³, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
15thly, the oscillating shaft, carrying the dog and army in com-
bination with the wheel w³, escapement wheel J³, and type wheel. D²;
constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose:set forth..
16thly, the stop pawl k, electro-magnet F¹, and perforated. strip, of paper
containing the 'message, in combination with the oscillating horse-shoe
magnet B, electro-magnet K, and printing mechanism. constructed, and
operating substantially as and for the purpose specified..
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal; the Twelfth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
JAMES DAISH,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK. (LS.)
LONDON:,
རཱུ
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,"
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1866.
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