RELATING TO DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES "B LETTERS PAT
Year: 1883

page_text: RELATING
TO DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
"B
LETTERS PATENT to Henry Harris Lake, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake,
and Co, Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
communicated to him from abroad by Charles H. Palmer, Mechanical
Engineer, and Abram M Loryea Doctor of Medicine, both of the City and
State of New York, United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Harris Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1883.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co, Patent Agents,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING .TO
Southampton Buildings, London.
DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES" [a communication to him from abroad by Charles
H. Palmer, Mechanical Engineer, and Abram M Loryea Doctor of Medicine, both
of the City and State of New York, United States of America]
This invention relates to dynamo-electric machines and has for its object to
simplify and cheapen the construction as well as to increase the efficiency of such
machines.
According to the said invention the core or framework of the induction system
or field-magnets consists of only two similar pieces of cast iron bolted together at
the neutral parts of the system and forming at these junctions the bearings for the
journals of the armature shaft; the armature secured on its shaft is placed between
the two castings before they are bolted together, and polar projections on the
central parts of the castings surround the armature to concentrate the lines of force
of the magnetic field towards the armature as usual. By this construction and
arrangement the armature shaft bearings are always in line and the armature kept
in proper relation to the fixed magnetic field, and to compensate for the side wear
of the bearings due to the tension of the driving belt on the pulley fixed to the
armature shaft, the field-magnets are adapted to be turned on an axis coincident
with the armature-shaft by being supported in standard bearings by means of

page_text: journa's formed on their ends concentric with the armature-shaft bearings; the
said field magnet system being rigidly held in position, when properly set by
means of tightening caps on the standard bearings. This adjustability of the field
magnet system permits of the collecting brushes of the commutator being rigidly
secured to one of the standard bearings, thus simplifying the construction of this
part of the machine as the correct relative position of said collecting brushes to
the neutral line of the field magnet system may be obtained by rotating the
field-magnets on the central axis, instead of moving the collecting brushes as
heretofore.
The present improvements in the armature consists in building up the same of
a number of thin flat rings thoroughly insulated from one another by means of
duplex washers formed of paper board and felt, through which pass the rods for
holding the rings together, said rods being surrounded by tubes of non-conducting
material.
This invention also relates to a certain improved method of connecting the
armature wire to the commutator consisting in dividing the wire into two or more
series of bobbins or sections and joining each series to a separate commutator ring
in such a manner that the currents are collected from the series of bobbins partly
in multiple series and partly in single series, by which means steady uniformn
currents are obtained by dividing the armature into comparatively few sections.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Henry Harris Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th November
1883.
AND RELATING TO
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
IN
" IMPROVEMENTS
Southampton Buildings, London,
DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES"-A communication to me from abroad by Charles
H, Palmer, Mechanical Engineer, and Abram M, Loryea, Doctor of Medicine, both
of the City and State of New York, United States of America,
This invention relates to dynamo-electric machines and comprises improvements
in the construction of the inducing or field magnets, the armatures and commu-
tators of the said machines.
The said invention has for its object to simplify and cheapen the construction as
well as to increase the efficiency of such machines.
The inducing or field magnets are made of two similar pieces of cast iron bolted
together at the neutral parts of the system. At these junctions, or in brackets
projecting therefrom, the bearings for the journals of the armature shaft are
formed. The armature secured to its shaft is placed between the two castings
before they are bolted together, and polar projections on the central parts of the
castings surround the armature. This construction and arrangement ensures perfect
rigidity of the bearings of the armature shaft.
To compensate for the side wear of the hearings due to the driving belt on the pulley
secured to the end of the armature shaft, I provide means by which the different
parts of the bearings may from time to time be brought opposite such strain, so
that all the surface of the bearings shall be equally worn. To this end, journals
are formed projecting from the joined ends of the two field magnet castings, or
from brackets attached thereto, concentric with the bearings of the armature shaft.
These journals are fitted in fixed standard bearings to support the machine, and
allow the field magnets to be rotated on the said journals to set them in any
desired position. This movement of rotation to be applied to the field magnet
system of a dynamo-electric machine may also be utilized to permit of the proper
adjustment of the magnets and collecting brushes of the commutator relatively to
each other; the brushes in this case being permanently secured to one of the
standard bearings.
The improvements in the armature consists in building up the same of a number
of thin Hat iron rings thoroughly insulated from one another by means of duplex
washers formed of paper-board and felt, through which pass the rods for holding
the rings together, said rods being surrounded by tubes of non-conducting
material,
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine constructed according to this
invention.
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section.
Figure 4 is a transverse section on the line x, x Figures 1 and 3.
Figure 5 is a view of a portion of the armature, detached, and drawn to an
enlarged scale, and
Figure 6 is a section of the commutator on the line y, y, Figures 1 and 3.
a, a¹ indicate two pieces of cast iron similar in size and shape, each having polar
projections a, a' at their central parts and lugs a³ at their ends, through which
are passed the bolts b, b for securing the two pieces a and a¹ together. Insulated
:
•

page_text: conductors c, c are placed on the said pieces between the polar projections and their
ends and connected together in the ordinary manner.
The armature shaft d is fitted to rotate in spherical bush bearings d', d², the
bearing d' being fitted in the bearing formed at the junction of the two similar
castings a, a¹, and the other d³ in the bracket ds projecting from the casting a¹.
One of the projecting ends of the shaft d, is provided with the pulley e. The
spherical bush bearings d', d2 have pins e¹, which fit into holes in the bearings of
the castings a¹ and d³ to prevent them moving longitudinally and from turning
with the shaft d. The bearing d³ has a cap e screwed on its end to retain the oil
therein. Secured to the shaft d, close to the inside ends of the spherical bush
bearings d', d, are the collars e³ having two flanges to prevent any oil creeping
along from the bearings. The oil from the flanges (the second one throwing off
what oil may pass the first one) is caught in the boxes ff from which it may be
taken by removing the screw plugs f', f.
The projecting bosses on the castings a, a¹ and the bracket d³ forming the
armature shaft bearings. are turned on the outside true and concentric with the
shaft, thereby permitting the whole field magnet system to be rotated on the said
bosses as they are supported in the standard bearings g and gl. These standard
bearings may be secured on any foundation in any desired manner as they merely
support the machine and do not control or govern any of the working parts.
By this arrangement it will be seen that the bearings of the armature are very
rigid, so that the armature is maintained in constant position in the magnetic field,
and so that the said bearings may be turned around to present any new surface to
the side of the shaft under most pressure due to the tension of the driving belt on
the pulley e.
The construction of the armature is more clearly shown in Figure 5, in which
and the other views, the thin flat iron rings h, h are separated by means of the
washers composed of paper-board or other similar material i and felt i'.
apply
the felt in this manner to prevent the conduction of heat from one plate to another,
it being particularly well adapted for this purpose, and the paper-board parts of
the washers give stability to the same and at the same time they ensure perfect
electrical insulation between the rings. The binding rods j which clamp and hold
the rings and washers together, are placed inside the tubes k of paper or other
insulating material, so that they in nowise interfere with the perfect insulation of
the rings h, h.
The cylindrical armature composed of the rings and washers is secured to the
shaft & by means of the spider arms k', k'. It may be wound with wire as shewn,
on the Gramme' principle, or on any other known principle.
The commutator is composed of two series of plates and arranged to break
joints, and secured to a cylinder of insulating material m by means of screws
passing through them into two sets of rods n and n' which are placed in holes
longitudinally formed in the cylinder m. To enable a large number of plates to be
comprised in the commutator without making the same excessively large, the rods.
naud n are arranged alternately in two circles, as shown in Figures 3 and 6.
The series of plates are secured to the outer circle of rods n, and the series of
plates to the inner circle of rods n¹. These rods n and n¹ project beyond the
inner end of the cylinder m, to permit of the easy connection thereto of the different
ends of the bobbins of wire o, wound around the body of the armature.
The collecting brushes p and pl are connected to the ring q adjustably secured
to the spherical bush bearing d³. There are four of these brushes p; p' two
bearing on each of the series of plates and land they may be connected up
so as to take the current from the plates and 7', in single series, multiple series,
or separately as desired and according to the manner in which the bobbins of the
induced conductor o are connected to the rods n and n'.
The relative position of the brushes p and pl to the poles a³, a² of the field
magnets may be regulated by turning the magnets in the supporting standards.
and g', the brushes in this case being then connected to the standard g¹..

page_text: If it is desired to construct a dynamo-electric machine according to this invention,
leaving out the feature of rotating the whole field magnet system, then the piece a¹
may be provided with feet for the purpose of securing the machine in place, and
the other piece a be secured thereto as before described.
Having thus fully described the said invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim :--
First. The field magnets of a dynamo-electric machine composed of only two
pieces of metal secured together at the neutral parts of the system, in combination
with an armature whose shaft rotates in bearings formed at the junctions of the
said two pieces or in brackets projecting therefrom, as set forth.
Second. In a dynamo-electric machine, field magnets provided with journals at
the neutral parts concentric with the bearings in which the armature shaft rotates,
in combination with fixed standard bearings, as set forth.
Third. In a dynamo-electric machine, field magnets provided with journals at
the neutral points concentric with the bearings in which the armature shaft
rotates, in combination with fixed standard bearings, and commutator brushes
secured to one of the standard bearings, and adapted to bear on the commutator
on the armature shaft, as set forth.
Fourth. A ring armature composed of thin iron rings, in combination with
separating duplex washers, composed of paper-board and felt, as set forth.
Fifth. In a ring armature, in combination, the thin iron rings h, h, the washers
i and i, the insulating tubes k, and the binding rods j, as set forth.
Sixth. A commutator for a dynamo-electric machine composed of two series of
plates 1,, a cylinder of insulating material m, two sets of rods n, n', arranged
alternately in two circles and connected to the plates 1, l, in combination with
the collecting brushes p, p¹ and the bobbins of the induced conductor o, as set.
forth.
In witness whereof I the said Henry Harris Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eighth day of November in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
HENRY H. LAKE (L.S.)