IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CAUSTIC BARIUM AND CAUSTIC STRONTIUM FROM THE SULPHATES.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue of the firm of Tongue and
Birkbeck of 34 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Patent Agents and Engineers, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CAUSTIC BARIUM AND
CAUSTIC STRONTIUM FROM THE SULPHATES.'
."-A communication from abroad
by Romual Ziomezynski Chemist of Snore Meuselwitz Germany
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1882.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the firm of Tongue and Birkbeck of 34 Southampton
Buildings Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Patent Agents and
Engineers, " IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING
CAUSTIC BARIUM AND CAUSTIC STRONTIUM FROM THE SULPHATES." (A communi-
cation from abroad by Romuall Ziomezynski, Chemist of Spora Meuselwitz
Germany).
This invention relates to improved processes and apparatus for producing caustic
barium or caustic strontium from sulphate by mixing the sulphate with reducing
material by calcining and then by dissolving it by means of superheated steam.
According to these improvements the sulphate is ground fine and mixed with
some suitable reducing material (such as coal or coke dust or saw dust) made red
hot or calcined.
This heating process can be conducted either in a separate stove (such as is used
for calcining soda or other substances) with constant stirring or in combination
with the further process for decomposition.
For this purpose red hot coal is employed which has the effect of decomposing
the sulphate into sulphur barium and sulphur strontium with the simultaneous
formation of carbonic oxide gas. The still glowing sulphate is then exposed to a
penetrating stream of superheated steam for which purpose the arrangements of
apparatus shown in Figure 1 of the Drawing hereto annexed in the vertical section
...'

page_text: following the line M N and in Figure II of the horizontal section O P employed in
carrying out this invention.
A is the calcining stove the arrangement of which is in accordance with well
known methods. B is a pit stove which at C can be hermetically closed by means
of a lined cover. By the passages K and the circulation passages K' the bottom
and shell or wall of the stove Bare heated by means of heated gas which is either
specially generated-for it on a grate or obtained from some other source and passing
off to the chimney at L.
By means of the pipes E and F the steam heated up to 500° or 600° Celcius is
conducted to the stove. From the pipe E the steam enters a circular passage E¹
and from there by openings through the entire circumference reaches the inside of
the stove. Perforated pipes F' are arranged in connection with the conduit
pipe F which pass through the stove diagonally and cause the superheated steam
to enter the stove in small quantities. These pipes are protected by two bridges D
of brick work on arches. The holes in the pipes F¹ are made downward and
turned towards the side. G is the cover G' is the inclined wall or bottom of the
stove which can be heated. H is a drawing off opening which may be hermetically
closed. J is a discharge channel or passage.
Before the commencement of the work the air which fills the stove is expelled
by the introduction of steam then the cover is opened and the material to be
operated upon is thrown in.
+
During the filling a small quantity of steam can be admitted through F when
the vessel is full and the cover C closed the steam is turned full on first by F F¹
then by E E¹.
By the operation of the superheated steam the sulphur is separated as hydro-
sulphuric acid gas and water and carried off by the waste pipe J and the sulphate
is changed into caustic strontium and caustic barium and melted by the heat
caused not only by the heated steam but also by the furnace.
This production falls down in a glutinous liquid condition on the heated
bottom G' of the stove and can be carried off at H. To prevent the entrance of
air and also to give additional impetus to the exit of the glutinous mass a small
quantity of super heated steam is admitted during the drawing off.
The hydro sulphuric acid gas and water drawn off at J are either turned to a
useful purpose or rendered harmless by burning in the usual manner
If it is convenient to impart to the stove B a heat which surpasses that of the
glowing coal by some other means of heating the calcining stove A can be dispensed
with, and the first operation can be effected in the upper part of the pit stove
by throwing the sulphate (mixed with the reducing material) direct in at C

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st September 1882.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the firm of Tongue and Birkbeck of 34 Southampton
Buildings Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Patent Agents and
Engineers "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING.
A Communi-
CAUSTIC BARIUM AND CAUSTIC STRONTIUM FROM THE SULPHATES,"
cation from abroad by Romuall Ziomezynski Chemist of Spora Meuselwitz
Germany.
This invention relates to improved processes and apparatus for producing caustic
barium or caustic strontium from sulphate by mixing the sulphate with reducing.
material by calcining and then by dissolving it by means of superheated steam.
According to these improvements the sulphate is ground fine and mixed with
some suitable reducing material (such as coal or coke dust or saw dust) made red
hot or calcined.
This heating process can be conducted either in a separate stove (such as is used.
for calcining soda or other substances) with constant stirring or in combination
with the further process for decomposition.
For this purpose a strong red heat is employed which has the effect of
decomposing the sulphate into sulphur barium and sulphur strontium with the
pimultaneous formation of carbonic oxide gas. The still glowing sulphate is then
exposed to a penetrating stream of superheated steam for which purpose the
arrangements of apparatus shown in Figure 1 of the Drawing hereto annexed in
the vertical section following the line M N and in Figure II of the horizontal
section OP are employed in carrying out this invention.
A is the calcining stove the arrangement of which is in accordance with well
known methods. B is a pit stove which at C can be hermetically closed by means
of a lined cover. By the passages K and the circulation passage K¹ the bottom
and shell or wall of the stove B are heated by means of heated gas which is either
specially generated for it on a grate or obtained from some other source and passing
off to the chimney at L.
By means of the pipes E and F the steam heated up to 500° or 600° Celsius is
conducted to the stove. From the pipe E the steam enters a circular passage E¹
and from there by openings through the entire circumference reaches the inside of
the stove. Perforated pipes F¹ are arranged in connection with the conduit pipe F
which pass through the stove diagonally and cause the superheated steam to enter
the stove in small quantities. These pipes are 'protected by two bridges D of
brickwork on arches. The holes in the pipes F¹ are made downward and turned
towards the side. G is the cover G1 is the inclined wall of the stove which can be
heated. His a drawing off opening which may be hermetically closed. J is a
discharge channel or passage.
Before the commencement of the work the air which fills the stove is expelled
by the introduction of steam then the cover is opened and the material to be
operated upon is thrown in.
During the filling a small quantity of steam can be admitted through F when
the vessel is full and the cover G closed, the steam is turned full on first by F F¹
then by E E¹.
By the operation of the superheated steam the sulphur is separated as hydro-
sulphuric acid gas and water and carried off by the waste pipe J and the sulphate
is changed into caustic strontium and caustic barium and melted by the heat
caused not only by the heated steam but also by the furnace.
This production falls down in a glutinous liquid condition on the heated bottom G¹
of the stove and can be carried off at H. To prevent the entrance of air and also to

page_text: •
give additional impetus to the exit of the glutinous mass a small quantity of
superheated steam is admitted during the drawing off.
The hydro sulphuric acid gas and water drawn off at J are either turned to a
useful purpose or rendered harmless by burning in the usual manner.
If it is possible to impart to the stove B a heat which surpasses that of the
glowing coal by some other means of heating, the calcining stove A can be
dispensed with and the first operation can be effected in a somewhat differently
shaped stove.
The stove serving for this simplified process is arranged and constructed as shown
in Figures 3, 4 and 5 sheet 2 of the drawings. It consists of a shaft or a chamber S,
which is closed by an arch above. The bottom of the stove is replaced by a grating
or screen formed by arches a and b.
The material is wet moulded in bricks and then dried. It is put into the stove
by the doors T and T¹ which are open during this process but are closed air-tight
after it.
Burning gases are produced on a covered grate R and stand in the form of a
smoky flame in the gas-passage G. A part of this flame flickers also in the space k
heating thereby the floor c of the stove by means of the rapid movement of the air
which enters through the grate.
The heated air enters through the holes h, h, the mantle of the stove circulates
between the mantle and the lining by means of the draughts i i and enters the gas
passage in a heated condition by means of the holes l. By a very sharp draught
only ordinary slides are necessary for h, h, but if the air entrance is not sufficient,
the air can be pressed in by a blast engine (or a steam jet blower).
The heated steam is conveyed through the conductor pipe K. The width is
adjusted according to necessity but it must not be under two inches and a half, to
three inches Next the pipe m which conveys the steam to the circular pipe n is
separated therefrom. This circular pipe n has a number of (on the drawing
4×4=16) short pipes o through which the steam enters the space of the stove S
over the floor grating.
The pipes p conduct another part of the steam under the bridges a where it
passes out through holes.
The gas forming products of the moulding are carried away through holes d in
the vault enter the space e between the fire brick and the roof of the vault and by
means of the passage e¹ to the chimney or to an exhauster E.
Having thus described the nature of the invention communicated to me from
abroad I would remark that I make no claim to any of the parts separately which
are well known and in common use but what I claim on behalf of the said
R. Ziomezynski is:—
First. For the expulsion of sulphur out of the sulphate of strontium and
barium the application of a pit or chamber stove heated by burning gases into
which super heated steam of such a temperature is conducted that thereby in
union with the heating the alkaline earths are melted to a thick liquid mass.
Second. The introduction of the super heated steam into two different levels
and indeed in the upper level by blast pipes brought into the stove wall, in the
lower level by cross pipes provided with holes and protected by masonry.
Third. The floor heated from without fit for drawing out the melted mass.
In witness whereof I the said John Garrett Tongue have hereunto set my
hand and seal this thirty first day of August in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.