IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SAWING Wood
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Wilson, of Springfield Saw Mills, Manningham,
near Bradford, in the County of York, Builder, for the Invention of
Sealed the 23rd July 1861, and dated the 28th February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
February 1861.
I, JOSEPH WILSON, of Springfield Saw Mills, Manningham, near Bradford,
in the County of York, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SAWING
Wood," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to a combination of means when endless band
saws are employed, and are especially adapted to the purpose of cutting
timber and other large pieces of wood.
For this purpose the wood to be cut is supported upon a table or carriage
formed in two parts so that the saw may pass between them whilst the wood
is supported partly on one and partly on the other, each part of the table.
is provided on its under side with a V rail resting on suitable corresponding V
pulleys whilst they are also supported on other plain pulleys. By these means
the parts of the table are guided correctly during motion given to one part

page_text: by rack and pinion. The other portion of the table will be moved simply
by friction produced by the weight of part of the timber being cut resting
thereon, and thus admit of the table passing the saw, at each end, by which
and the continuous support given, the necessity for transoms or moveable
cross bearers is avoided, or the two parts of the table may be temporarily
united at one end. The table has three motions given to it, one to carry
the timber against the teeth of the saw for cutting, and which may be varied.
in speed as desired; a second in the reverse direction and at a similar speed,
principally useful when the back motion is required only for a short distance;
a third, also a back motion, but at a considerably increased speed, adapted to
carry the table back quickly after the completion of one cut for the beginning
of another. The band saw passes over a pair of pulleys coated with leather
as is usual when such description of saws are used, and I support the shafts
of these pulleys on upright standards, and the bearings of the upper of these
shafts are capable of simultaneous motion for adjustment by means of screws
moved together by a cross shaft whilst. by set screws these bearings may bet
firmly fixed after adjustment. To facilitate this I form the uprights slotted
for the passage of the set screws, and to reduce the friction on these bearings
of this upper shaft I apply to such shaft, a counterbalance weight; I some-
times employ an adjustable fénce with a spring fence to adjust the distance
of cut. I apply a continuous guide to the saw just above the cut, and
another just below it to aid in keeping it to its work, with a friction pulley
to aid in resisting the back thrust.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Wilson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the.
28th August 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH.
WILSON, of Springfield Saw Mills, Manningham, near Bradford, in the. County
of York, Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her.
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Wilson, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Wilson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Wilson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.

page_text: with, and no others; from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
venil, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS-EMPLOYED IN SAWING WOOD," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Joseph Wilson, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Wilson, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
The improvements relate to a combination of means when endless band.
saws are employed, and are especially adapted to the purpose of cutting
timber and other large pieces of wood.
}
For this purpose the wood to be cut is supported upon a. table or carriage
formed in two parts so that the saw may pass between them whilst the wood
is supported partly on one and partly on the other. Each part of the table
is provided on its under side with a V rail resting on suitable corresponding V.
pulleys whilst they are also supported on other plain pulleys. By these
means the parts of the table are guided correctly during motion given to
one part by rack and pinion. The other portion of the table will be moved
simply by friction produced by the weight of part of the timber being cut
resting thereon and thus admit of the table passing the saw at each end, by
which, and the continuous support given, the necessity for transoms or moveable.
cross bearers is avoided, or the two parts of the table may be temporarily
united at one end. The table has three motions given to it, one to carry;
the timber against the teeth of the saw for cutting, and which may be varied
in speed as desired, a second in the reverse direction, and at a similar speed,,
principally useful when the back motion is required only for a short distance;,
a third, also a back motion, but at a considerably increased speed, adapted:
to carry the table back quickly after the completion of one cut for the beginning,
of another. The band saw passes over a pair of pulleys coated with leather, as
is usual when such description of saws are used, and I support the shafts of these
pulleys on upright standards, and the bearings of the upper of these shafts are
capable of simultaneous motion for. adjustment by means of screws moved,

page_text: together by a cross shaft, whilst by set screws these bearings may be firmly
fixed after adjustment. To facilitate this I form the uprights slotted for
the passage of the set screws, and to reduce the friction on these bearings
of this upper shaft I apply to such shaft a counterbalance weight. I some-
times employ an adjustable fence with a spring fence to adjust the distance
of cut. I apply a continuous guide to the saw just above the cut and another
just below it to aid in keeping it to its work with a friction pulley to aid
in resisting the back thrust.
:
But that the improvements may be better understood, I will proceed, aided
by the accompanying Drawings, to describe an arrangement of machinery.
according to my Invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a front view, partly in section, and Figure 2 a side view
of sawing apparatus, and Figure 3 a plan of portions of the table showing
some other of the parts arranged according to my Invention.
g
a, a, is the endless band saw which is sustained by the pair of pulleys b, c ;.
d is the table upon which the wood is supported and carried forward to be
cut by the saw a. The dotted lines e (Figure 1) represent a log of wood
in position to be cut; f, f, is the main framing which should be securely
bolted down or otherwise fixed to suitable masonry or other foundation;
is the main or driving shaft supported in bearings carried by the main.
framing f, and having motion given to it from a steam engine or other suitable
power acting by a strap or belt on the fixed drum or pulley g'; 92 is a loose:
pulley on this shaft g. To this shaft 9 is also affixed the lower pulley 6 by:
which in its rotation motion will be given to the saw a whilst the upper: 2
pulley c, giving support to the band saw is affixed to the shaft c', which.
is supported so as to turn freely in bearings c², c², formed on the plate 3.
which is fixed with a capability of adjustment on. the main framing f, ƒ, so:
as to obtain facility for giving tension to the saw blade as well as for the
use of band saws of varying dimensions. The adjustment of the position. 3
of the plate is obtained by means of the two screws c¹, c¹, which pass:
through female screws or nuts c,c, projecting from the plate 3 whilst
they are at their upper ends supported so as to turn freely in bearings c³, c³,
carried by the main framing.. And in order to these two screws c, c, being.
turned simultaneously in either direction so as to raise or lower the plate 3,3
each has affixed to its upper end a bevilled pinion c, c', and these pinions c
are each taken into by a pinion c affixed upon a shaft c° carried by bearings
c, and having a handle wheel c" affixed: to it to facilitate the movement

page_text: of these parts; c¹ is a counterbalance weight attached to one end of a
chain c¹³, which passes over a pulley c, and at its other end is connected
to the plate c³. The table d for supporting and giving motion to the wood to be
cut may be of any desired length, but for the convenience of the Drawing
it is shown broken. It is formed in two parts (1), (2), and leaving a space
between them sufficient for the free operation of the part of the saw in
action. Each part of this table is similarly formed by a longitudinal and
transverse framework d³, d³, and is supported upon plain and V rollers d³, d*,
there being a V guide affixed to the under side of each portion of the
table d resting in the V rollers d' whilst there are plates de to rest on the
surface of the plain rollers d³. By the aid of these V guides resting in the
V grooves of the rollers d', the table d is controlled in its motion. The
part (1) of the table d is formed with a rack d' on its under side; the teeth
of which are by preference diagonal, and they are taken into by corresponding.
teeth in the pinion d³ affixed to the axis do, carried by standards from the main
framing. This axis d carries two toothed wheels do, d, which rotate
freely thereon except when either is for a time connected by the clutch dso
that as is well understood when rotary motion is given to either of them
rotary motion will be given to the shaft or axis d. The object of either of
the wheels do, du, being connected to turn the shaft d is that varying speed
may be given to the shaft d' by motion obtained from the worm wheel h
acting through the medium of the toothed wheel do, or by the worm wheel i
acting through the medium of the toothed wheel d". And these wheels do,
d, are capable of being thus alternately clutched with the axis do by means
of the handle d¹ of the bar d¹³, which is connected by pin joint d to the upper.
end of the lever d¹s which turns upon an axis do, and at its lower end is forked to,
embrace the neck of the clutch d so as to connect either the wheel d¹0 or;
d therewith, and cause it to give motion to the axis d. The worm wheel h
is affixed upon an axis h¹ supported so as to revolve freely in bearings carried
by the main framing, and it has motion given to it in the following manner:
Upon the main shaft g is affixed the drum or pulley h2, which by means
of the strap or band.h³ is capable of giving rotary motion to the shaft or
axis by acting on tlie fixed drum or pulley h affixed to that axis h' upon.
which is also affixed the series of pulleys he to receive a band or strap hi
by which to act on one of the series of pulleys h³ affixed on the shaft or axis h².
By which means forward motion or motion towards the cutting edge, of,
the saw will be given to the table d. A slow return motion may also be
given to the. table d from the axis h by means of the strap acting from
the drum or pulley h₁o on the main shaft acting on the fixed drum or pulley

page_text: h", affixed on the axis h; h1, h2, h¹³, are loose pulleys, and these straps h³
and ho are shifted from the fast to the loose pulleys simultaneously by means
of forks carried by the sliding bar which slides in suitable bearings,
carried by the main framing, and is operated by the handle lever affixed
to the shaft or axis upon which is affixed the arm ', which means of
the link operates one end of the L lever 7 which turns upon an axis F, and
at the other end is connected by pin joint to the sliding bar . In order
to obtain a quicker back motion to the table d there is applied on the main
shaft or axis g a drum or pulley 22, which by means of the cross strap or
band is capable of giving motion to a pulley affixed upon the shaft or
axis upon which is also affixed a drum or pulley 2, which by means of a
strap or band gives motion to the pulley 28 upon the axis carrying the
worm wheel i. The band or strap is capable of being shifted to and
from the fast pulley to the loose pulley. by means of the lever handle. m
affixed to the shaft m¹ upon which is affixed the arm m²; which by means
of the link m³ is connected to one end of the L lever' m' turning on an
axis m³, and at its other end carrying the fork m; n is a fork carried by:
the bar n¹ and operated by the lever handle n², upon the axis n³, upon which
is affixed the arm n³, connected by pin joint to the bar n¹. The saw a is
guided in passing to the cut by passing between the two plates o, o, which
are adjustable as shown on the plate o affixed to the arm o², and this
plate o also carries a friction pulley 03, against which the back of the saw.
bears and is thereby kept to its work. The axis o* of this pulley o³ is
formed with a screw thread thereon, by which it is capable of adjustment
to move forward the endless saw when required. The arm o² is held with
capability of adjustment by means of set screws o³ to the main framing, and
any movement is facilitated by means of the screw 0%; p is a similar but
stationary guide to the saw below the cut; q is an adjustable fence adapted
with the spring fence r to adjust the distance of cut. The fence q is connected
by pin joint to the spindle q', which is formed with a screw thread,
and passes into the nut q² carried by the end of the tube q³, and by turning
this nut 9 delicate endway adjustment may be effected. The tube q³ is also
capable of sliding endways in the socket q' and of being fixed as required:
by a set screw q. The socket 9' is formed with a plate qe affixed to the
plate 97, with capability of adjustment thereon in the direction of the length
of the tabled by means of the set screw 98. The spring fencer is formed
by a roller, the axis of which turns in the bearings r¹ affixed to one end
of the spring, the other end of which is affixed to the plate affixed to
the screw which passes into the tube and is capable of adjustment
Չ

page_text: therein by means of the nut 6, whilst the tube is capable of sliding in
the socket and of being set therein as required by means of the set
screw. The socket 7 is supported as, shown from the main framing; s, s,
are pulleys one on the axis c', and the other on the axis g to receive friction
bands s¹ connected together by the chain s, and capable of simultaneous
operation by means of the lever s³. The lever s³ turns upon the axis s* and is
weighted at 5 as may be required.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the means
which I adopt in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood
that I do not claim the various mechanical parts separately considered, nor
do I confine myself to the precise details as shown and described, but what
I do claim is the adaptation or combination of means for sawing wood
substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Wilson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
JAMES WHITWORTH WILSON,
Manningham.
JOSEPH WILSON. (L.S.)