Improvements in connection with Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 6th June, 1894-Accepted, 4th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in connection with Pneumatic Tyres.
I, HARRY LAND, of Great Eastern House, Bishopsgate Street Within,
London, E.C. Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:--
My invention relates to improvements in connection with pneumatic tyres, and
has for object to provide a means whereby such tyres may be rendered absolutely
puncture proof.
Notwithstanding the advantages undoubtedly possessed by pneumatic tyres over
the ordinary cushion or solid rubber tyres much inconvenience and annoyance
are experienced by the pneumatic tyre becoming split or punctured when running
over a rough or uneven surface. To remedy this evil inany devices have been
introduced for the more quickly and readily repairing a puncture when it occurs,
but these under the most favorable circumstances entail trouble, expense, waste
of time, and loss of temper. To obviate these drawbacks I, as aforesaid, render
a pneumatic tyre absolutely puncture proof, and to accomplish this, in accordance
with this invention, I insert between the outer covering and the inner tube a
thin sheet or strip of steel or other suitable metal or material through which,
even after the outer covering has been pierced, it will be impossible for the
obstacle being ridden over (whether a piece of glass or jagged metal, or other
substance or material) to penetrate; whereby the inner or air tube is effectually
guarded against puncture.
This sheet or strip of steel or other metal which I insert as aforesaid between
the outer covering and the inner tube I make so as to cover the sides and top of
the latter thus practically enveloping the same, and effecting a guard even when,
as in the case of bicycles when turning corners or riding upon a circular track, the
wheel is greatly inclined.
The protective sheet or strip of steel or other metal inserted in the manner above
described attach at its sides in any suitable manner to the rim of the wheel, and
from the nature of the same the resiliency of the tyre will in no way be effected;
whilst no increase of weight will be incurred as the strength and resistance of the
protective slip aforesaid will allow of the outer covering being reduced in
thickness thereby compensating for the insertion of the protective strip herein
referred to.
Dated this 4th day of September 1893.
JAMES STEVENSON,
20, High Holborn, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I, HARRY LAND, of Great Eastern House Bishopsgate Street, London, E.C.
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in connection with pneumatic tyres, and
has for object to provide a means whereby such tyres may be rendered absolutely
puncture proof.
Notwithstanding the advantages undoubtedly possessed by pneumatic tyres over
the ordinary cushion or solid rubber tyres much inconvenience and annoyance are
experienced by the pneumatic tyre becoming split or punctured when running over
rough or uneven surfaces. To remedy this evil many devices have been introduced
for the more quickly and readily repairing a puncture when it occurs, but these
under the most favorable circumstances entail trouble, expense, waste of time and
loss of temper. To obviate these drawbacks I, as aforesaid, render a pneumatic
tyre absolutely puncture proof and to accomplish this, in accordance with this
invention, insert between the outer covering and the inner tube, a continuous
band or hoop made preferably of thin flexible steel either flat or curvel through
which even after the outer covering has been pierced, it will be impossible for the
obstacle being ridden over (whether a piece of glass or jagged metal, or other
substance or material), to penetrate, whereby the inner or air tube is effectually
guarded against punctures.
Said continuous flat or curved band or hoop may be of any desirable width
according to the breadth required on tread of the tyre and I so make such
continuous band or hoop when curved as to allow of its covering the sides and top
of the inner tube, thus partly enveloping the same, and effecting a guard even
when, as in the case of cycles when turning corners or being ridden upon a circular
track, the wheel is greatly inclined.
The continuous protective band or hoop inserted in the manner above described,
I can attach at its sides in any suitable manner to the rim of the wheel, and from
the nature of the same the resiliency of the tyre will in no way be affected; whilst
no increase of weight will be incurred as the strength and resistance of the
continuous protective band or hoop aforesaid will allow of the outer covering
being reduced in thickness thereby compensating for the insertion of the protective
strip herein referred to.
I also incorporate with the continuous band or hoop above referred to, a canvas
jacket or envelope or cover which, if desired, can be fastened to the rim of the
wheel in any suitable manner for the purpose of securing the band or hoop and also
to prevent the air tube from expanding beyond the limit allowed to it, or the
canvas envelope or jacket may be left loose as the outer cover of the tyre when
secured to the wheel rim keeps this in position.
And, in order that my said invention may be more fully understood, I have
appended the accompanying sheet of drawings in which
Figure 1 represents a sectional view of the continuous protective band or hoop A
having its ends beaded or turned over so as to prevent any chafing or cutting of
either the air tube or the outer cover or jacket of the tyre.
Figure 2 shews a section of the continuous protective band or hoop A not
beaded on edges, but bound with canvas or the like B, ready for affixing same
to the rim or outer cover.
Figure 3 shows a part sectional view of an ordinary detachable pneumatic tyre
in which A represents the outer cover or jacket, B the continuous protective band
or hoop fixed between the inner tube C and the outer cover A

page_text: Figure 3 represents an inside view of an ordinary detachable tyre shewing the
continuous protective band or hoop A in position, B is the outer cover or jacket of
the tyre, C the rim and D the spokes.
Figure 4 is a sectional view of a detachable tyre having a flat continuous
protective band or hoop inserted between the outer cover and the inner or air tube.
A represents the outer cover of the tyre, B rim of wheel, C inner or air tube,
D the flat continuous protective band or hoop, E canvas for securing the protective
strip D to the outer cover A, or to the rim of the wheel if desired, and F wire
attachment for securing tyre to rim.
Figure 5 is a perspective view shewing a flat band or continuous protective hoop
enclosed in a canvas (or other suitable material) sheath or envelope to prevent the
hoop or band from chafing or cutting either the air tube or outer cover of the tyre.
A represents the canvas or like material sheath or casing, B the continuous
protective band or hoop, and C shews the protruding edge of the latter.
Figure 6 is a side view shewing the flat continuous protective band or hoop A
lying over the air tube C, the band having canvas or like material B attached
thereto for either-fixing same securely to the inside of the outer cover of the tyre
or to the rim of the wheel or the ends may be left loose as may be desired.
Figure 7 shews a method of securing the ends of the continuous protective band
or hoop A when curved by means of rivets C formed on the strengthening piece D
being inserted into slots B cut in the protective band or strip A. But where
I adopt this method of fastening to a flat band or hoop I may dispense with the
strengthening piece D-if desired.
Continuing the description of my invention and in further reference to the
several figures of the accompanying sheet of drawings, I as herein before stated
make the continuous protective band or hoop aforesaid, in shape, either fully
curved to partly encircle the air tube and be affixed to the rim of the wheel or
outer cover by means of canvas, leather, rubber or the like; slightly curved as
shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 34 4 and 7, or flat, as shewn in Figures 4, 5 and 6, said
continuous protective band or hoop when in position, being, as hereinbefore stated
inserted between the air or inner tube and the outer cover of a pneumatic tyre.
propose
The ends of the strip or band when brought together round the air tube I
to fasten in any suitable manner; say for instance by the means shewn in Figure 7
or by affixing or joining same together by the use of "swansdown," canvas or
other suitable substance or material (solutionized or cemented) or where the strip
or band is required to be instantly detachable I propose instead of using solution or
the like to adopt either of the methods of fastening described in the Specification
of my Patent No. 14694%. The edges of the strip or band I propose beading as
shewn in Figure 1 to prevent chafing or cutting the air tube, when the tyre is
ridden upon, but whether beaded or not, I may use on the edges of the flat or
curved bands, segments or strips of any suitable material such as india rubber,
leather &c. for the purpose of more effectually protecting the air tube from being
chafed by the continuous protective band or hoop, or the latter may be entirely
covered as stated.
Now, where I secure the continuous band or hoop to the rim of the wheel, one of
the methods I propose to adopt is by cementing or solutionizing swansdown or
canvas or the like thereto as shewn in Figs. 2, 5 and 6 which could then be affixed
to the rim by solutionizing, cementing, wiring, hooking, cording or otherwise.
The above described means for rendering pneumatic tyres puncture proof can
with equal facility be used in connection with tyres for cabs, carriages or the like,
as well as cycles. Further, it is important to note that amongst the many
advantages derivable from the use of my continuous protective band or hoop
hereinbefore referred to, may be stated the following, namely:-That the com-
pression of air in the air tube or chamber, imparts increased speed to the tyre.
Said band or hoop also serving to prevent the air tube from bulging, so that, it not
merely serves as a preventative against the puncturing of the air tube, at present a
cause of so much annoyance and indeed fear and danger, to cyclists; but it takes

page_text: all the pressure of the air tube when the latter is inflated and thus possessing or
embodying the great advantage of locating the air pressure and consequently
taking all strain off the outer cover or jacket, thereby imparting a greater amount
of resiliency to the whole of the wheel.
Although I have hereinbefore mentioned that my continuous protective band or
hoop would preferably be of thin steel; I do not confine myself solely to the use of
such or any metal, as any other material or substance may be employed; provided
same possesses the necessary resiliency, and also has sufficient hardness to resist
puncturing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood
that I am well aware of the employment heretofore of metallic bands for preventing
punctures in pneumatic tyres. I therefore do not claim broadly the use of metallic
bands for said purpose. I am also aware of the Specification of Patent No. 11062"1
in which is described the use of a number of overlapping steel or other bands
which may be placed between the air tube and the cover; I make no claim in
respect of such arrangement and use of overlapping steel or other bands, but what
I claim is :-
Rendering pneumatic tyres puncture proof by the employment of a continuous
protective band or hoop of steel or other suitable metal or material placed between
the air tube and the outer cover, either singly or in combination with canvas or
the like in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth and shown in the
drawings.
Thin Wint day of Tune 1901
JAMES STEVENSON,
1, Furnival Street, Holborn, E.C., Agent for Applicant.