Eccen
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1886
Complete Left, 18th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 18th Mar., 1887.
I JOHN SIMPSON of Cockermouth in the County of Cumberland Solicitor do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists in improvements upon the Mills known as "Bogardus'
Universal Eccentric Mills" in which the grinding plates revolve on centres eccentric
to each other, one plate being driven by power and communicating motion to the
other plate.
The first improvement is a wing or propellor, which is in the chamber containing
the grinding plates. The wing is a piece of sheet iron bent in the form of a propeller
fitting in the chamber and revolving with the plates. During the working of the
Mill one or two of these wings make a great wind and blow the ground material out
of the spout. If the material sticks to the side and under the cover of the Chamber,
the wing scrapes it off. If the material lodges in the top of the top plate or the ring
plate hereinafter mentioned the wing or wings carries or carry this material to the
outer edge of the plate; it then falls to the bottom of the chamber and by the use
of the scrapers on the bottom or shaft plato and by menus of the extra wind, it finds
its way out of the spout.
The second improvement relates to the step in which the lower end of the vertical
driving shaft works. This step or bearing is arranged centrally in the base of the
frame. It consists of a cast iron cup sliding vertically in the cylindrical aperture
provided for it in the base and resting on the lever of the adjusting apparatus. Inside
the cup is a steel lining, which is simply a cylindrical shell round the side, with no
bottom to it. In the shell and rosting upon the cast-iron cup, is placed a steel button
baving a convex top. The end of the shaft is also convex and rests on the top of the
button, so that the shaft only touches the button at a single point. Oil being supplied

page_text: to the step, the end of the shaft revolves in oil, with but little friction and without
heat.
The third improvement relates to the method of connecting the under part of the
chamber containing the grinding plates with the cover or upper part. Instead of
bolting these two parts together with ordinary bolts and nuts in the usual way, a
device is adopted which allows of great saving of time in taking the Mill apart.
The bolts swing upon pivots connected with the under chamber; they extend into
radial slots in the cover and may be secured therein by means of screw nuts.
The fourth improvement relates io a device for driving the Mill, to obviate the use
of a countershaft on the floor. Motion is communicated from a pulley on an over
hoad engine shaft to the vertical driving shaft of the machine by a strap which passes
over two adjustable guide pulleys. Each guide pulley is mounted in bearings in a
special franie. The pulley frames are arranged, side by side, upon a plate which is
bolted to one of the uprights of the machine frame. Each pulley frame may be
turned upon a pivot, so as to allow its pulley to rotate relatively to the plane of
rotation of the pulley on the driving shaft of the machine, in more or less angular
planes to properly direct a belt. When the pulleys have been adjusted to the desired
angles, the pulley frames may be locked, so as to maintain the pulleys in position, by
bolts extending through the frame plates and through circularly-shaped slots in the
backs of the pulley frames. The pulleys are also adjustable to and from each other.
A convenient way of driving the Mill from an overhead shaft, is to place a small
cast-iron bovil wheel on the vertical axis and to drive this from a counter-shaft, on the
same frame as the Mill or on the floor, carrying a bevil wheel with wooden teeth, the
teeth being fastened into the wheel by wooden wedges or otherwise. Other ways of
driving suited to the case may be used. A belt from a countershaft on the floor with
various sized pulleys may be used.
The fifth improvement consists of the following combination:-A plate or disc, at
the base of the hopper and in one piece with it, is combined with the cover of the
chamber containing the grinding plates and with a neutral ring." The top grinding
plate is rigidly secured to the under side of the above mentioned hopper plate or
disc; thus in diametral cross section, the hopper and hopper plate is L-shaped.
From the cover and concentric with the hopper, a cylindrical shell or apron extends
downwards. Between the apron and the hopper and hopper plate is placed the
"neutral ring" also L-shaped in diametral cross section. This ring is called the
neutral ring, because it is iminatorial whether it revolves or not; upon this ring the
wear and tear of the Mill are mainly thrown. The neutral ring is made of gun metal
or of a composite metal such as brass, and is protected from the ingress of ground
material by a curved circumferential apron, which springs from the hopper plate.
The axis of rotation of the hopper and upper grinding plate is eccentric to the
driving axis of the Mill. The chamber, containing the grinding plates, is made
deeper than usual, so as to be able to employ thicker grinding plates and to put larger
pieces in the Mill.
The sixth improvement is for the purpose of cleaning the Mill after grinding one
material and before grinding another. Heretofore it has been necessary to do this by
taking out the driving shaft and shaft plate, the pulley being drawn or taken off.
In the present improvement the shaft plate is loose on the shaft, instead of being
made fast to it, the bottom grinding plate being laid upon the shaft plate as formerly.
The shaft plate is put on the shaft so that it can be taken off. To do this the shaft is
made taper on the top and a corresponding taper hole is in the shaft plate, so as to
allow it only to go so far on the shaft as to get to its proper place, then a key is put
in so that it will turn with the shaft.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mills for Hulling, Cutting, and Grinding.
I JOHN SIMPSON of Cockermouth in the County of Cumberland Solicitor
(communicated by Messrs. James Scholes Simpson and George Frederick Simpson
both of Brooklyn New York in the United States of America Machinists) do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention consists in improvements upon the Mills known as Bogardus
Universal Eccentric Mills" in which the grinding plates revolve on centres eccentric
to each other, one plate being driven by power and communicating motion to the
other plate.
The first improvement is a wing or propeller which is in the chamber containing
the grinding plates. The wing is a piece of sheet iron, bent in the form of a propeller
fitting in the chamber and revolving with the plates. During the working of the
Mill, one or two of these wings make a great wind and blow the ground material
out of the spout. If the material sticks to the side and under the cover of the chamber
the wing scrapes it off. If the material lodges in the top of the top plate, or the ring
plate hereinafter mentioned, the wing or wings carries or carry this material to the
outer edge of the plate; it then falls to the bottom of the chamber and by the use of
the scrapers on the bottom or shaft plate and by means of the extra wind it finds its
way out of the spout.
The second improvement relates to the step in which the lower end of the vertical
driving shaft works. This step or bearing is arranged centrally in the base of the
frame. It consists of a cast iron cup, sliding vertically in the cylindrical aperture
provided for it in the base and resting on the lever of the adjusting apparatus. Inside
the cup is a steel lining which is simply a cylindrical shell round the side, with no
hottom to it. In the shell and resting upon the cast-iron cup, is placed a steel button
having a convex top. The end of the shaft is also convex and rests on the top of the
button, so that the shaft only touches the button at a single point. Oil being supplied
to the step, the end of the shaft revolves in oil, with but little friction and without
heat.
The third improvement relates to the method of connecting the under part of the
chamber containing the grinding plates with the cover or upper part. Instead of
bolting these two parts together with ordinary bolts and nuts, in the usual way, a device
is adopted which allows of great saving of time in taking the mill apart. The bolts
swing upon pivots connected with the under chamber; they extend into radial slots
in the cover and may be secured therein by means of screw nuts.

page_text: The fourth improvement relates to a device for driving the mill, to obviate the use
of a countershaft on the floor. Motion is communicated from a pulley on an overhead
engine shaft to the vertical driving shaft of the machine by a strap which passes over
two adjustable guide pulleys. Each guide pulley is mounted in bearings in a special
frame. The pulley frames are arranged, side by side, upon a plate which is bolted to one
of the uprights of the machine frame. Each pulley frame may be turned upon a pivot,
so as to allow its pulley to rotate relatively to the plane of rotation of the pulley on
the driving shaft of the machine, in more or less angular planes to properly direct a
belt. When the pulleys have been adjusted to the desired angles, the pulley frames
may be locked, so as to maintain the pulleys in position by bolts extending through
the frame plates and through circularly-shaped slots in the backs of the pulley frames.
The pulleys are also adjustable to and from each other.
A convenient way of driving the mill from an overhead shaft, is to place a small
cast iron bevil wheel on the vertical axis and to drive this from a countershaft, on the
same frame as the mill or on the floor, carrying a bevil wheel with wooden teeth the
teeth being fastened into the wheel by wooden wedges or otherwise. Other ways of
driving suited to the case may be used. A belt from a countershaft on the floor
with various sized pulleys may be used.
The fifth improvement consists of the following combination -A plate or disc, at
the base of the hopper and in one piece with it is combined with the cover of the
chamber containing the grinding plates and with a "neutral ring." The top grinding
plate is rigidly secured to the underside of the above mentioned hopper plate or
disc; thus in diametrul cross section, the hopper and hopper plate is L-shaped. From
the cover and concentric with the hopper, a cylindrical shell or apron extends
downwards. Between the apron and the hopper and hopper plate is placed the
"neutral ring" also L-shaped in diametral cross section-This ring is called the
"neutral ring" because it is immaterial whether it revolves or not; upon this ring,
the wear and tear of the mill are mainly thrown. The neutral ring is made of gun metal,
or of a composite metal, such as brass, and is protected from the ingress of ground
material by a curved circumferential apron, which springs from the hopper plate.
The axis of rotation of the hopper and upper grinding plate is eccentric to the
driving axis of the mill-The chamber containing the grinding plates is made deeper
than usual, so as to be able to employ thicker grinding plates and to put larger pieces
in the mill.
The sixth improvement is for the purpose of cleaning the mill after grinding one
material and before grinding another. Heretofore it has been necessary to do this by
taking out the driving shaft and shaft plate, the pulley being drawn or taken off.
In the present improvement, the shaft plate is loose on the shaft, instead of being
made fast to it, the bottom grinding plate being laid upon the shaft plate as formerly.
The shaft plate is put on the shaft so that it can be taken off. To do this the shaft
is made taper on the top and a corresponding taper hole is in the shaft plate, so as to
allow it only to go so far on the shaft as to get to its proper place; then a key is put
in, so that it will turn with the shaft.
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference is made to the
accompanying drawings, in which, in all the figures, similiar letters refer to corre-
sponding parts.
Fig. I is an elevation of the Mill partly in vertical section. It shows the action of
the mill as put to work. It shows the wing or propeller W in its place; the step for
the lower bearing of the vertical driving shaft U with the sliding cast iron cup G
containing the metal lining or cylindrical shell P and convex button Q hereinafter
referred to; the swing bolts S to facilitate taking the mill apart; the adjustable guide
pulleys pp for driving the mill from an overhead shafts; the separate hopper O with
the hopper or chute at the top of the mill receiving the material from the separate
hopper together with its flange or hopper plate, the latter hopper and hopper plate
being hereinafter called the "ring plate" DD which are in one piece; the cylindrical
shell T T extending downwards from the cover of the chamber containing the grinding

page_text: The Mill consists of a cast-iron base or bed plate and uprights rising therefrom.
The bed plate and uprights are cast in one piece. The uprights unite near their upper
ends forming a central portion upon which the chamber % of the mill is rigidly fixed.
The chamber Z is a pan, the bottom of which is dish shaped; the upright side of the
pan Z is cylindrical; the circular cover of the pan Z fits on to the cylindrical part of
the pan Z. To enable the cover to fit tightly, a rabbeted flange fits over the cylindrical
part of the pan Z.
The cover to the pan Z is secured by pivoted Bolts S extending into radial slots in
the circumference of the cover and are there held in position by means of screw nuts.
A cylindrical shell T T extends downwards from the cover. The general contour
of the interior of the cover is concave. The vertical driving shaft U of the machine
is placed centrally and is supported at its lower end by a step or cup G the boss of
which forms part of the bed plate. This step or cup G with its mountings, is able to
be raised or lowered by means of a lever M. fulcrumed in an aperture or cavity in the
bed plate, under the driving shaft U. The outer end of the lever M extends beyond
the bed plate and receives pressure through a link N and counterbalance lever A
(with its counter-balance weight B and centre of Motion K) as shown. A vertical
scrow E attached to one of the uprights bears on the outer end of the lower lever M ;
by adjusting the screw E the lever M is raised or lowered, thus raising or lowering
the driving shaft U and determining the distance between the grinding platos Y Y
and CC the bottom grinding plate CC being mounted on the top of the shaft
plate R R which rotates with the driving axis being fastened thereto by its conical
aperture (into which the conical upper end of the shaft enters) and by the feather
way which drops on to a feather V on the driving axis U. The lower grinding
plate CC is circular and has pins which drop into holes in the shaft plate RR.
Spiral ribs, npon the lower grinding plate Cat its centre, tend to distribute the
material to be ground over the grinding surface. Above the lower grinding plate CC
and eccentric to it is the upper grinding plate Y Y. The rotation of the lower
grinding plate C C causes the rotation of the upper grinding plate Y Y eccentrically
by means of the material being ground. The upper grinding plate Y Y is rigidly
secured to the ring plate D D. Between the ring plate D D and the cylindrical
shell T T extending downwards from the cover of the chamber Z is a neutral ring II
so called because it may revolve or not. The advantage given to the working of the
machine by the neutral ring II is that the friction of rotation has a choice of surfaces
to employ for that friction, thereby preventing the localization of heat from friction.
The neutral ring II is preferably made of a composition metal, such as brass; a

page_text: curved circumferential apron springing from the ring plate, protects the neutral ring
from the ingress of ground material and also forms a chamber which holds oil for the
neutral ring II to work in, the oil being put in this chamber through an opening
in the top of the cover. A leather washer fits tightly round the cylindrical shell T T
and extends over the circumferential apron; by this means a further security against
the access of ground material to the neutral ring I I is ensured. To the upper side
of the ring plate D D the propeller W is secured; it rotates with the ring plate D D
and keeps the side of the chamber Z free from ground material-Its extreme end
bears against the washer and maintains the latter in the proper position. Two or
more propellers W may be employed. Motion is imparted to the vertical shaft U of
the Mill by means of a belt which passes round two pulleys PP to the mill pulley
and thence over a pulley on the engine shaft s over head. Each pulley p is mounted
in bearings in its own frame, which is capable of adjustment round an axis and
longitudinally, so as to place them to properly direct a belt and so as to vary the
distance between the two pulleys for the more perfect accommodation of the circum-
stances of conveyance of power to the machine.
FIRST IMPROVEMENT.
A wing or propeller W is in the chamber Z containing the grinding plates Y Y and
CC. This wing W is for making a wind, by which means, it carries the material out
of the spout; it acts not only by means of the wind it creates, but also on account of
its shape and of the way in which it is fixed. This appliance is fixed on to the upper
side of the ring plate D D and in its revolution occupies nearly the whole of the space
between the upper grinding plate Y Y the ring plate D D the cover, and the sides of
the chamber Z so as to clear out the ground material which would otherwise gather
there. The propeller W is bolted or otherwise secured to the upper side of the ring
plate D D and extends well down below the ring plato D D.
The propeller W consists of a thin piece of metal, or other suitable substance,
extending upwardly from the ring plate D D and more or less at an angle to the radius
thereof; it is also leaned over sidewise propeller fashion, and is formed like the blade
of a ships propeller. It is shown in Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. and 5 and is marked W on
each figure.
Although the propeller W may be made of any suitable material it is preferred to
make it of sheet iron, cast iron or malleable iron.
SECOND IMPROVEMENT.
This part of the invention relates to the step in which the lower end of the vertical
driving shaft U works. This step consists of a boss forming part of the bed plate of
the machine and placed contrally In control dindi
L

page_text: or eyes in the ends of the bolts S. They extend upwards into radial slots in the
circumference of the cover and are held in position by screw nuts. By this part of
the invention great saving of time is effected in taking the mill apart. The eye
bolts or swing bolts S with their pivots and the slots in the cover of the pan Z
are shown in Figures 1. 2. and 7. This part of the invention is of great practical
use and convenience, especially in the working and adaptation of the same mill
to grind various substances for cleaning in an efficient way and for changing the
plates; it enables the mill to be taken apart with freedom and celerity.
FOURTH IMPROVEMENT.
This part of the invention relates to a device for driving the mill from an
overhead shaft s; this may be done by means of guide pulleys pp affixed to the
upright of the mill and adjustable in respect to the angle necessary for directing
the belt properly, as well as apart from one another in a straight line laterally.
The belt from the engine shafts on its way to the vertical driving shaft U of the
mill passes under one guide pulley p then round the vertical driving shaft U and
under the other guide pulley p to the engine shaft s. Each guide pulley p is mounted
on its own frame. The pulley frames are arranged side by side upon a foundation
plate which is bolted to one of the uprights of the frame of the mill. Each pulley
frame may be turned upon a pivot so that each pulley may be adjusted by turning its
frame upon its axis so as to suit its angular position to the situation and peculiarities
of the driving belt. The pulley frames are locked when they have been adjusted in
position by bolts, extending through the foundation plato and through circularly-
shaped slots in the pulley frames. The distance between the guide pulleys pp is also
adjustable by means of bolts and slots passing crosswise through the pulley frames.
It is preferred to make the guide pulley p for the part of the belt which enters the
pulley arrangement from the engine shafts with a flange, to keep the belt suitably
in place.
The guide pulley arrangement is shown in Figures 1. 2. and 6.
One particular way of driving this mill from an overhead shaft is of such great
importance as to make a difference equivalent to success with the driving arrangement,
or failure without; this plan lessens friction, occupies less space than any other way
and is far preferable to driving the mill with a quarter turn belt. This advantageous
way of driving consists in the use of bevil gearing in connection with a counter shaft
mounted on the same bed plate as the machine or on the floor. A small cast-iron
bevil gear wheel is fixed on the vertical driving axis of the mill and is driven by a
cast iron bevil gear wheel, or bevil gear wheel with wooden teoth when the noise of
two cast-iron gear wheels working together is objectionable. This bevil gear wheel.
is on the same horizontal shaft as the pulley that receives its motion from the belt of
the overhead shaft. This arrangement is often the only one which can be used under
the circumstances; it is clearly shown in the perspective view of the whole mill
marked Figure 7.
FIFTH IMPROVEMENT.
This improvement relates to the neutral ring I I between the ring plate D D and
the cylindrical shell TT extending downwards from the cover of the pan Z. The top
grinding plate Y Y is rigidly secured to the underside of the ring plate DD which in
diametral cross section is L-shaped. At the top of the ring plate D D is screwed a
hollow nut F F which receives the material to be ground from the separate hopper O
and agitates the shoe L of the separate hopper O by its revolution so as to aid in the
delivery of the material.
The wear and tear of the mill is principally thrown upon the neutral ring I I which
is made of gun metal or of a composite metal such as brass.
This arrangement is shown in Figure 1 and partly in Figure 2.

page_text: The sixth improvement is to allow the chamber Z of the mill to be cleaned after
grinding one material and before grinding another.
The shaft plate R R is loose on the shaft U instead of being made fast to it, the
bottom grinding plate CO being laid upon the shaft plate R R as formerly and held
in position by two projecting pins which fit in two corresponding holes in the shaft
plate R. R. The shaft plate R R has a taper central hole or aperture which fits some-
what loosely on to the taper top of the driving shaft U and is further connected with
it by means of a feather way eccentric to the hole which passes over a longitudinal
feather V on the shaft U and is thus enabled to rotate with the shaft U. The shaft
plate R R is only allowed to go so far on the shaft U as to get to its proper place.
This part of the invention is most important and gives a result hitherto unattained
namely the perfect cleaning of the mill, after a previous grinding of a material
different from that in hand.
The portions of the invention which are new are duly set forward in the claims
which follow. The points which are not claimed are the portions of the mill which
have been set forth in Crosskills Specification No. 13,214 of the year 1850 and filed
in Her Britannic Majestys Patent Office. Also the mill as described in Knights
Encyclopedia, article mill, and which is known as Bogardus' Mill. The precise
arrangements described and shown are not claimed only and alone but what is claimed
as constituting the present invention and including equivalent or self evident details
or substitutions, as well as such slight changes which although not set forward in the
drawings or described in detail are nevertheless the same in principle and practice is:―
1st. In a mill, the combination with a chamber Z containing upper and lower
grinding plates Y Y and CO of a wing W or wings also called the propeller which
acts to drive the ground material out of the spout, not only by the wind it creates but
also on account of its shape and the way in which it is fixed to the ring plate D D the
wing W being leaned over sidewise, propeller fashion and being formed and turned
like the blade of a ships propeller and fixed more or less at an angle to the radius of
the ring plate D D the wing W or wings being fixed to the ring plate D D so that a
part of the wing W extends downwards below the ring plate DD substantially as
specified and independent of the material used to construct the wing W.
2nd. In a mill the combination with the grinding and adjusting arrangements
herein set forth of a step consisting of the sliding cup G containing a lining or
cylindrical shell P resting upon the bottom of the cup G together with a button on
which the convex end of the driving shaft U rests, the shell P and button Q being
made of any suitable material substantially as set forth.
3rd. In combination with the grinding arrangements herein set forth, the method
of connecting the cover and the pan Z by eye bolts S and slots and nuts, in such a
manner as to greatly facilitate the cleaning and use of the mill, substantially as set
forth.
4th. In combination with the grinding arrangements herein set forth and with the
driving shaft U the device described in the fourth improvement and shown in Figs. 1.
2. and 6, consisting of the belt, the guide pulleys pp and pulley frames, the pulleys
being adjustable at an angle rolatively to the plane of rotation of the pulloy on the
engine shaft and also adjustable toward and from each other, substantially as set forth.
5th. In combination with this mill only, as set forward herein, and for the purpose
of driving this mill in places and under circumstances which would be difficult of
attainment and perhaps impossible otherwise, the use of bevil gear wheels_as_set
forward under the head of the fourth improvement and as figured in Fig. 7-This
gearing to be used in connection with a countershaft with overhead driving pulley and
in connection with the driving shaft of the mill substantially as described and shown.

page_text: Gib. The ring plate D D combined with the cylindrical shell TT and neutral
ring II substantially as set forth.
7th. The mounting of the shaft plate RR loose on the taper top of the shaft U
with feather way and feather V to enable it to rotate with the shaft plate R. K
removable from the shaft U for the purposes and substantially in the manner set forth.
8th. The combination of the grinding apparatus, including the eccentrically mounted
plates Y Y and CC the lower lever M link N counterbalance lever A and regulating
screwed vertical rod E, with the wing W step or cup G swing bolis S guide
pulleys bevil gear wheels, neutral ring 1 1. and loose shaft plate R R substantially
as set forth.
JOHN SIMPSON,
Applicant.