Improvements in Auto-motor Carriages or Vehicles.”
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 7th Apr., 1898-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1898
66
'Improvements in Auto-motor Carriages or Vehicles.”
We, WILLIAM JOHN BREWER, of 15 Denbigh Place, Belgrave road, Pimlico, London,
Civil Engineer, and JOHN EDWARD COOPER, of 1 Gladstone Villas, Princes Avenue,
Withernsea, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to auto-motor carriages or vehicles adapted to run on
ordinary roads, tramways, or railways, and effects improvements in the action and con-
struction of such auto-motor carriages comprising various combinations of attach-
ments to the vehicle proper, each combination being especially adapted for a certain
purpose but all designed and arranged to be operated together in effecting the
purposes of our said invention by the use of which these several advantages are
attained; all heavy working parts are entirely below and clear of the main body or
passenger compartiment of the car or vehicle which is free from vibration and runs
easily enabling heavier loads to be drawn with a less expenditure of power, is readily
adapted to either road or rail and is easy to steer. Furthermore the parts arranged
for the relief of friction on the axles of the car are available for facilitating the use of
an electric motor as the driving power.
2
Having now set forth the main objects and utility of our invention we will proceed
to further explain the same so that the nature thereof can be fully understood.
We provide an anti-friction axle mounted in the same horn plates and directly
above each main axle so that the wheels or discs on the anti-friction axles are in
rolling contact with the inain axles, the boxes of both axles being split to make them
adjustable for this purpose, which arrangement also enables the anti-friction axles
to be readily removable without disturbing the main axles which will then carry the
vehicle in the ordinary way. We fit or fix unto the main axles a collar under each
anti-friction wheel. This collar which is held together by bolts is preferably fitted
so that the periphery of the anti-friction wheel travels over a diagonal connection ;
insulating or other material such as rubber (or soft metal) being used to prevent
vibration to the inain axle and to reduce noise in travelling.
When the wheels are provided with pneumatic tyres we protect them by an outer
sheath of metal such as steel, and attach such sheath to the felloe of the wheel by a
series of spring devices or laces preferably of india-rubber. To adapt the wheels of
the car to run on a railway or tram track as well as on the ordinary road we provide
a guard lip or wheel at the inner side cf the road wheel which is adjustable so that
it can be drawn within the periphery of the road wheel or be extended to project
beyond as a guard lip running with the usual amount of clearance along the train or
D
077

page_text: railway rail, provision being made to support the said guard lip in position either by
attachment to the road wheels or by cross framing extending between the two guard
lips of each axle. The road wheels inay run free upon each axle until locked by a
sliding friction cone or other suitable device, the double cone on each axle being so
arranged that either or both of the wheels may be locked with the axle or be loose at
will to facilitate the steering and turning of the motor cars round a corner.
The combination of an anti-friction axle with a main axle affords a double point of
support for a frame for carrying a motor free of any other connection with the main
body of the car. The anti-friction axle can also be used as the shaft of the motor,
or the motor carriage frame can be supported from any two adjacent pairs of axles.
We furnish the motor car with a fore carriage pivotted in front of the said axles and
provided with suitable gearing to control or lock the said carriage.
Dated thin 24th day of tuanat 1005
"Improvements in Auto-motor Carriages or Vehicles".
We, WILLIAM JOHN BREWER of 15, Denbigh Place, Belgrave Road, Pimlico,
London, Civil Engineer and JOHN EDWARD COOPER, of 1, Gladstone Villas, Prince's
Avenue, Withernsea, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to auto-motor carriages or vehicles adapted to run on
ordinary roads, tramways or railways, and effects improvements in the action and
construction of such auto-motor carriages comprising various combinations of attach-
ments to the vehicle proper, each combination being specially adapted for a certain
purpose but all designed and arranged to be operated together in effecting the
purpose of our said invention by the use of which these several advantages are
attained; all heavy working parts are entirely below and clear of the main body or
passenger compartiment of the car or vehicle which is free from vibration in con-
sequence and the auto-car is furnished with anti-friction rollers thereby enabling
heavier loads to be drawn with a less expenditure of power. The auto-car is readily
adapted to either road or rail and is easy to steer. Furthermore the parts arranged
for the relief of triction on the axles of the car are available for facilitating the use
of an electric motor as the driving power.
Having now set forth the main objects and utility of our invention we will proceed
to further explain the same by referring to the accompanying drawings in which the
car or passenger compartment is entirely omitted as being unnecessary for the
purpose of explaining the invention. Fig. 1 is a side elevation and Fig. 2 a
corresponding transverse view of those parts of an auto-motor carriage which are con-
structed in accordance with our invention; Figs. 3 and 4 are end and side views
respectively of a horn plate and illustrate in detail the method of fixing the axle
boxes therein for adjustment. Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are detail views of the collar on the
main axle and drawn to a larger scale. Fig. 8 is a transverse view like Fig. 2 but
showing an electric motor mounted in position for driving the car. Figs.-0 to 19
inelusive-illustrate-in-detail-some-of-the--improvements-comprised-in-our-invention
hereinafter-deseribed:
Referring more especially to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive we provide an anti-friction axle a
mounted in the same horn plates band directly above each main axle c so that the

page_text: wheels or discs d which preferably run loose on the anti-friction axles are in rolling"
contact with collars e on the main axles, the boxes a¹ and c¹ of the axles and c
respectively being split to make then adjustable for the purpose of taking up the
wear, which arrangement also enables the anti-friction axles to be readily reinovable
without disturbing the main axles which will then carry the vehicle in the ordinary
way.
In connection with these split axle boxes a special construction is shown in detail
in Figs. 3 and 4 in which is an adjusting and guide box accurately fitting into the
horn plate b so as to have a vertical movement only. The axle boxes are secured to
this adjusting and guide box by which they are kept to the exact distance apart and
are also accurately guided to share the samne vertical movement in exact line with
each other. Upon this arrangement depends the proper rolling contact between the
disc or wheel d'on the anti-friction axle a and the collar e on the main axle c which
latter may have either a concave or convex form on its working side the periphery of
the disc conforming thereto. Referring to Figs. 5, 6 and 7 e' is a lining of insulating
or other material such as rubber or soft metal used to prevent the current from an
electric motor (when one is used) passing through the collar to the anti-friction
wheels and other parts and the outer covering e2 is used to prevent vibration to the
main axle and to reduce noise in travelling. The collar is preferably jointed across a
centre line in the flanges as shown in Fig. 7. and on the diagonal in the reel or barrel
as shown in Fig. 5 so that the wheels & meet a joint which is less abrupt by being set
to an angle which saves wear in the surfaces in rolling contact.
Referring to Fig. 8 which illustrates in transverse view in what manner the anti-
friction axle can be used in conjunction with the main axle as a means for mounting
and operating a motor free of any other connection with the main body of the car:
it will be observed that the anti-friction axle a can also be used as the driving shaft
of the electric motor g enclosed in the casing h, supports for which are conveniently
provided in the form of cross bars i extending between the journal boxes or other fixed
parts clear of the gearing wheels jj. These gearing wheels are preferably designed
for quick driving on one side and slow driving on the other, the arrangement for
which together with the in and out of gear mechanism being omitted from the
drawing as not being part of our present invention but only to be regarded as a useful
accessory designed in the usual way.
If-the-anti-friction-axle--is-made-up-in--seetions--as--shown--in--Fig--0-the--said
seetions-being-united-together-by flanged joints-us-at--k--the-arrangement-admits-of
the-eleerrie-motor-and-the-intermediate-section-of-the-anti-frictional-axle-on-which
it is-mounted-being-bodity-remored--or-where-an-auxiliary--horn--plate--b'--is--pre-
vided-as-shown-in-Fig.-9-an-axle-journaled-into-each-of-the-horn-plates-b-b-may be
provided-one-for-each-anti-frictional-roller-d-in-which-ease-the-intervening-section of
shaft-a-may-be-altogether-dispensed-with.--Where-the-intermediate-section-of-shaft
a-is-dispensed-with-a-fixed-shaft-a-may-be-attached-to-the--axle-box-as-shown--in
plan-in-i-10-to-serve-as-a-fixture-for-carrying-the-motor-or-oil-or-other-engine.
Fig-H-is-n-detail-view-looking-from-inside-illustrating-an-alternative-device-for
reducing friction-on-the-anti-friction-axle-a-and-the-main--axle-c-by-prolonging-the
axle-box-a¹-se-as-to-form-further-axle-boxes-to-support-the-axles-of-the-side-rollers
1- This-prolongation-of-the-axle-box-is-between-the-side-rollers-b-b-and-the-anti-
friction-wheel-d. This prolongation-of-the-anti-friction-axle--box--may--be-used--to
support-an-axle-or-axles-without-the-use-of-side-rollers-/-/-
To-adapt-the-wheels-of-the-ear-to-ran-on-a-railway-or-trem-track--as--well--as--on
the-ordinary-road-we-provide-a-guard-lip-or-rail--guard-wheel--plaeed--beyond--the
periphery-of-the-road-wheel-Suitable-mechanism-for-this--purpose--is--shown--in
igs-12,13,11-and-15.-Referring-to-Figs. 12 and-13,-a-guard-lip-m-suspended
from-the-main-axle-c-in-the-1-osition-shown;-serves-the-purpose-of-the-usual--wheel
Aunge-and-in-order-to-effect-its-purpose,-must-retain-n--constant-position-relatively
to-the-wheel-so-as-to-be-earried-along-the-rail-side.-At-the-same-time-the-guard
lip-must-be-so-séeured-to-the-wheel-rim-that-it-serves-the-purpose-of-a-rigid-flange,
To-comply-with-these-conditions-an-underent-reeess-m'-is-provided-at-the--back--of

page_text: the wheel-near-to-the-periphery-for-the-accomodation-of-n-roller sach--as--m²-which
is-bolted-to-the-guard-lip-bar-m³.-The-guard-lip-m-with-its-hanger-bar-m³-eau-be
Hifted-up-clear-of-the-roll-of-the-wheel--but-is-kept-rigidly-in-the-position-shown-in
Figs. 1-and-13;-when-used-as-a-lip-guard. In-order-to-retain-the-guard-lip-in-the
eaustant-position-relatively-to-the-wheels-or-to-be-drawn-up-out-of--the-way--of-the
rail,-it-is-connected-to-a-wire-rope-13-trained-over-pulleys-n¹-n²-to--n--position-to-be
controlled-by-the-driver,-or-otherwise-adjusted.-As-the-car-travels-in-the-direction
indiented-by-the-arrow,-the-tendeney-of-the-guard-lip-to-las-or--swing-back,-is-pre-
vented-by-the-wire-rope-which-holds-it-in-the-working-or-vertical--position. When
not-required,-it-is-drawn-up-ont-of-the-way-of-the-rail--by-means-of-the-
wire-rope
Fig-14-is-a-modification of-this-arrangement-in-which-a-block-o-elesely-fits-into-the
ehunnel-o'-of-a-hanger-bar-The-extension-of-is--construeted--to--hold--the--rod--03
supporting-the-rail-guard-wheel-p-which-in Fig-14,-takes-the-place-of-the-guard-lip
-in-Figs. 12-and-13.-The-same-attachment-of-the-rod-o³,-as-in-Figs:-12-and-13;
will-be-required-to-the-main-axle,-or-the-anti-friction-axle-may-be-used-for-the-same
purpose,-in-both-modifications-illustrated-in-Figs. 12,-13-and-14.-The-eross-rod-p
is-connected-to-the-opposite-rail-guard-wheel-so-as-to-prevent-too-great-n-strain-on
the-channel-o'-When-this-gange-guard-is-lowered for-ase,-it-is-kept-in-position-by
either-two-opposite-tension-rods;-or-one-rigid-rod-may-be-used, or suitable-wire-rope
may-be-adjusted-for-that-purpose.-Fig.-15, is a further modification of this-arrange-
ment-in-which-the-extension-o'-of-the-hanger-bar-03-elosely-fits-into-the-channel-o':
This-extension-o'-of-the-hanger-bar-supports-the-rail-guard--wheel--p² When--the
wheels-are-provided-with-rubber-or-pneumatic-tyres-q-as-shown-in-Figs.-16-and-17,
which-are-elevation-and-sectional-views-respectively,-we-protect-them-by-an--outer
shenth-q'-et-metal, such-as-steel,-and-attach-such-sheath-to-the-felloe-of-the-wheel
by-a-series-of-spring-devices-or-laees-preferably-of-india-rubber-In-order-to-effeet
pitehed-anglewise,-through-which-the-laees-q-are-threaded-under-and-over-from-one
hole-to-another-at-either-side-of--the-wheel,-or-the-laees-may-be-simply-passed-over
the-studs-q3-The-spring-devices-consist-of-rubber-rings-q-slipped-over-two-adjacent
this--we-furnish-the-outer sheath-and-felloe-of--the--wheel--with--holes,--preferably
studs-fixed-on-the-outer-sheath-and-felloe-of the-wheel.-The-resilience-of-the-said
rubber-rings-allows-for-any-vibration-and-at-the-same-time-securely-fixes-the-outer
sheath-in-position. Fig.-IS-illustrates-in-plan-view, and Fig.-19-in-front-elevation
the-under-frame-of-a-motor-eur. fitted-with-a-fore-earriage-constructed--necording-to
our-invention-for-facilitating-steering-in-these-views-the-fore--earriage-is--pivoted
at-r-in-front-of-the-vehicle-and-runs-upon-the-steering-wheels-s-and-is-operated-and
controlled-by-the-segmental-spur-wheel-t-into-which-geurs-the-pinion-u-operated-by
the-driver-The-wheels-v-v-above-the-steering-wheel-s-aat-as-anti-friction-wheels-to
the-steering-axle-in-like-manner-to-the-wheels-d-on-the--main--axle--c--as--already
described-with-reference-to-Figs-+-and-2-Where-an-eleetne-motor-is--used-in-this
ense;-it-is-mounted-on-the-rear-anti-friction-axle,-or-it-may-be-mounted-on-the-steer-
ing-anti-friction-axles;-gearing-into-main-steering-axle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim
is:-
1. In auto-motor cars the construction of parts in which a main axle and anti-
friction axle are journalled into cach horn plate and adjustably secured together so
that a disc on the anti-frictional axle is kept in rolling contact with a collar on the
main axle substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated
more especially in Figs. 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
2. The use of insulating and cushioning collars e on the main shaft c, adapted to
intercept electric currents between the motor and other parts of the apparatus and
diagonally jointed in the barrel substantially as hereinbefore described with reference
to Figs. 5, 5 and 7.
3. În auto-motor cars, the means of supporting a motor from the axle boxes of the

page_text: anti-friction shaft or shafts, substantially as described with reference to Fig. 8 of the
accompanying drawings.
4:--The-use-and-construction-of-anti-friction-shafts-in-combination-with-inner-horn
plate-and-journals;-so-that-the-eentre-part-ean-be-detached-without-disturbing--the
working-of-the-anti-friction-dises-d-substantially-as-described-with-reference-to-Figs.
9-and-10:
3. The arrangement-and-combination-of-parts-in-which anti-friction-axle-boxes-are
extended-horizontally-and-other-anti-friction-shafts-and-wheels-l-l-are-provided-for
relieving-the-side-thrust-friction-from-the-primary-anti-friction-shafts-a-substantially
as-deseribed-with-reference-to-Fi-H
6. In-mater-ears-the-means-for-adapting-an-ordinary-rond-wheel--for--running-on
rails-or-the-like-in-which-a-gaard-lip-is-attached-to-the-wheel-in-the-manner-shown
in Figs. 12-and-13,-and-adapted-to-be-let-down-below-the-line-of-rail-contact-of-the
wheel-or-be-drawn-up-out-of-the-way-as-required-substantially-as-described.
7.-In-motor-ears-the-means-for-adapting-an-ordinary-road-wheel-for-running-on
rails-or-the-hke-in-which-a-rail-guard-wheel-is-attached-to-the-wheel-in-the-manner
shown-in-igs.-14-and-15-and-adapted-to-be-let-down-below-the-line-of--rail-eontaet
of-the-wheel-or-drawn-up-oat-of-the-way-as-required; substantially-as-deseribed.
8.-The-method-of-protecting-pneumatic-tyred-wheels-of--motor-ears-with-an-onter
sheath-of-steel-seenred-thereto-by-lacing-or-rubber-rings-as-deseribed-with-reference
to-Figs.-16-and-17.
9.-In-motor-eurs-the-means-for-steering-the-ear-in-which-a--fore--earringe--is--eon-
structed-to-run-upon-a-steering-wheel;-such-as-8,-and-is-operated-and-controlled-by-a
pinion-and-segmental-gear-wheel-arrangement worked-from-a-handle, substantially-as
deseribed-with-reference-to-Figs.-18-and-19.
10.-An-improved-auto-motor-ear-provided-wish-a-combinatien-of-devices-substan-
tially-as-hereinbefore-described-and-illustrated-in-the-accompanying-drawings,
Davou say of prov
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent,
Stockton-on-Tees and Hull.
Agent for the Applicants.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent.
Stockton-on-Tees and Hull.
Agent for the Applicants.