matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLL TOBACCO, AND IN APPARATUS, THEREFOR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James McEwen at the. Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1867.
I, JAMES MCEWEN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Tobacco Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLL TOBACCO, AND IN APPARATUS,
THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements whereby roll tobacco is manu-
factured more expeditiously, more economically, and in a better condition than
heretofore.
Ordinarily when the tobacco is spun or twisted it is first wound on a reel,
from which it is rewound into the "roll" form.
One improvement consists in at once winding the tobacco so as not to
require rewinding to form the roll! It is wound between two plates on a flat
spindle or centre which is afterwards withdrawn, and with this arrangement
the ordinary injurious pegging and binding can be dispensed with; whilst the
central parts are better conditioned than with the ordinary method. Or the
tobacco may be rewound, the flat spindle or centre being used with plates or
with skewers instead of the plates to keep together the coils as the tobacco is
being rolled. Ordinarily the rolled tobacco is bound with cords, and subjected
to pressure between plates in a press, after which it is heated in a stove.
is also pressed a second time after being heated.
It

page_text: By a second improvement any number of the rolls are put into a cylinder
or round box of metal or other suitable material, with plates between the
rolls, and they are then subjected to the requisite pressure, the cylinder pre-
venting lateral expansion much better than the ordinary cord binding, and
also preventing the unequal drying and hardening of the outer coils that
ordinarily occur in the subsequent stoving. When the rolls are sufficiently
compressed retaining bars with screws, wedges, or the like are applied to the
top plates before relieving the press, and the rolls are thus fixed in the
compressed state, and the cylinders can be at once removed from the press to
lie for any time or to be at once put into the stove. The stove may be of the
simplest possible construction, or the tobacco may be heated in any convenient
way in consequence of the rolls being encased in and protected by the
cylinders. The rolls finally attain a very superior and uniform condition
owing to the cylinders retaining the compression and preventing the unequal
escape of juice & vapors. To facilitate the removal of the rolls from the
cylinder it is made to open or expand, being held close except when removing
the rolls by means of screw bolts, keys, or catches:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brunton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
1867. A communication from abroad by Robert Brunton, residing at
Kurrachee, in the East Indies.
I, JOHN BRUNTON, of 37, Kensington Park Gardens, Notting Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for raising
On an axis mounted horizontally in suitable bearings and driven by
a bullock mill or in other convenient manner are two discs at a distance apart
and connected the one with the other by bars parallel to the axis and equi-
distant from it and from each other. It is preferred to employ eight such
bars, which with the discs form a skeleton drum of an octagon form. Over
this drum two endless chains pass; they are made with links of iron plate
corresponding in length to the sides of the octagon drum and jointed the one
to the other. The chains carry between them buckets which are rivetted to
them, every alternate link of each chain being thus rivetted to the end of a
bucket. The buckets are rectangular, of a depth about equal to the length of
the links from centre to centre and somewhat less in width, they are rivetted
to the chains in an inclined position, so that as each bucket ascends with the
water which it has taken from the source its inner side is bigher than the

page_text: A trough is placed beneath the drum outside the chains on their
descending side and the buckets as they come round discharge the water into
it. The apparatus should be driven at a speed which is just sufficient to
cause each bucket as it comes round to discharge its water into the trough,
throwing it outwards clear of the bucket beneath..
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR PROCESS FOR REMOVING SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS, AND OTHER IMPURITIES FROM IRON, STEEL, AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
August 1867. A communication from abroad by Johu Francis Bennett,
of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR PROCESS FOR
REMOVING SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS, AND OTHER IMPURITIES FROM IRON, STEEL, AND
OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in removing the sulphur, phosphorus, and other
impurities from iron and steel during their manufacture by what is known as
the "Bessemer" or "pneumatic" process, by introducing into the converting
vessel carbonic acid gas either subsequent to the introduction of the air blast
or in combination therewith. By this process a chemical union is formed
between the oxygen of the carbonic acid and the sulphur or phosphorus
present in the iron, forming sulphurous or phosphoric acid, which passes off as
gas while the carbon set free by this combination is deposited. This carbon
may either be left in the iron when steel is to be produced, or it may be burnt
out by a subsequent introduction of the atmospheric blast for a short time.
The requisite carbonic acid gas for this process may be produced either by the
action of muriatic acid or limestone, or in a less pure state by the perfect
combustion-of-carbonaceous matter with air; and the gas being stored up in a
gasholder may be forced into the converting vessel by the same pump by which
the air blast is introduced, the pump being for this purpose provided with

page_text: suitable connections and valves for cutting off and changing the air and
carbonic acid gas supply. The carbonic acid gas may also be employed with
advantage in removing sulphur and other impurities from the sulphurets of
copper, zinc, nickel, and other metals by passing it as a blast or current through
the metals when in a molten state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HURDLES, LIFTS, AND FENCING FOR AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sainty at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1867.
I, JOHN SAINTY, of Burnham, Westgate, in the County of Norfolk, Agri-1
cultural Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HURDLES, LIFTS, AND FENCING FOR AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in hurdles, lifts, and fencing for agri-
cultural and other purposes, which consists of wood and iron made in different
lengths, to suit the convenience of all purposes each length is constructed of
two heads and two or more longitudinal bars of wood; the heads are morticed
to receive the end of each bar which is tennoed down to a shoulder to fit each
mortice in the head; the wood bars are secured into the heads by means of
iron rods passing through each head, forming of themselves additional bars,
and by means of machinery the wood bars are forced into each mortice of the
head, and secured by the iron rods or wire being coiled round each head of
the lift or fencing, and secured with a twisted joint. Each lift or length of
fencing is provided with struts or braces nailed unto the wood bars at
different spaces, and each iron rod is secured to each strut or brace by iron
staples.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ENAMEL FOR ENAMELLING METALS AND STONES TO PREVENT RUST, CORROSION, AND INCRUSTATION
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Rev. Joseph Oakden and
Joseph Pickin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th April 1867.
We, the Revd. JOSEPH OAKDEN, of St. Stephen's Parsonage, Congleton, and
JOSEPH PICKIN, of Dane Row, Buglawton, Congleton, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ENAMEL FOR ENAMELLING
METALS AND STONES TO PREVENT RUST, CORROSION, AND INCRUSTATION," to be as
follows:-
We take red marl, which is found on the banks of the river Daven at
Congleton, and fuse it in a carbonaceous flame; we then grind it together
with a certain proportion of oxide of lead, and make it soluble; we then
dip the metal or stone cold into the solution, and subject it to heat until it
adheres.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING SELVEDGE LINES OR BORDERS ON WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THRREWITH
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Frank and Richard Gooddy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 2nd March 1867.
We, SAMUEL FRANK and RICHARD GOODDY, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING SELVEDGE
LINES OR BORDERS ON WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THRREWITH,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of producing upon the selvedges.
of woven fabrics an imitation of the lines or border marks which have
been hitherto woven, and is more especially applicable to the selvedges of
piece dyed silks, "velvets," "velveteens," satteens," "jeans," and other
similar fabrics, which from well-known peculiarities in the process of
manufacture are now dyed without any border or mark on the selvedge:
The Improvements consist in applying by mechanical means a line or mark
of color, "mordant discharge," acid, or imitation gold or silver to each side or
selvedge of the fabric according to the color of the piece and the color of line
or mark required; for instance, if the piece be dyed black, and a line of acid
be'applied, a red border line would be produced, and if a line of "discharge "
be applied before dyeing, the line would remain white whatever color be applied
in dyeing the piece.

page_text: The mechanism we employ consists of a bed or table over which the
fabrio is stretched and terminates in a felt covered roller, which is turned
by gearing and causes the fabric which passes over it to travel, and beneath
this roller two adjustable discs are secured on a shaft which revolves and causes
the discs to imprint a line of color, acid, or "discharge," or other material with
which they may be supplied on each side of the piece, by which means the
appearance of the selvedges of lower class goods are improved and made to
resemble those of better quality.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND IN FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Seaton, of Glanton Villa, Sydenham Rise, in
the County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND IN FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME."
Sealed the 24th September 1867, and dated the 26th March 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Seaton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th March 1867.
I, WILLIAM SEATON, of Glanton Villa, Sydenham Rise, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND IN FASTENINGS FOR
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the permanent way of
railways whereby the rails and chairs may be more effectually secured to the
sleepers, and the inconvenience of the bolts becoming loosened by the action
of the passing trains is obviated.
According to my Invention I propose to dispense entirely with loose nuts
in the fastenings for the rails and chairs of the permanent way of railways, and
to substitute therefor wrought-iron nuts, which are securely fixed or held in

page_text: their places by being cast into the metal itself of the sleeper or chair as the
case may be the bolt is then used simply as a screw, and is tightened up
as required by merely turning the head of the same, the nut requiring no
;
further adjustment.
In practically carrying out my Invention with a view to securing saddle
rails and flat bottomed rails or chairs to metal sleepers, I cast upon the under
side of the sleeper an extra thickness or rib of metal at those parts where the
bolts are intended to be placed, and when making such casting I take ordinary
or slightly bevelled wrought-iron nuts and introduce them into the required
places in the mould, into which the metal is to be run so that they will be
entirely surrounded and embedded in the cast metal. In order to prevent the
metal from running into the tapped hole of the nut I insert therein a wooden
or other core or plug, which I remove after the metal has set, the bolt
having an ordinary head formed thereon is then passed through the chair
or rail as the case may be, and is screwed into the fixed nut below by simply
turning the head of the bolt.
According to another mode of applying my Invention I propose to cast my
nuts in the fixed jaw of a chair or in a single fixed jaw of a metal sleeper,
and to pass the bolt through an opposite loose jaw and through the rail, and
to screw it into the fixed nut cast in the fixed jaw. The loose jaws have a
bearing on the under side of the rail head, and are slid into their places after
the rail has been adjusted; these jaws with the rail and fixed jaws are then
firmly held together by passing a bolt through them and screwing it into the
fixed nut, a wooden key or other suitable packing piece being inserted to bolt
up to.
If wooden sleepers are employed the nuts may be fixed or secured
therein by screws or otherwise, and the bolts inserted from above into the
fixed nut below, as before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIME KILNS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1867.
I, WILLIAM LEE, of Holborough, in the County of Kent, Lime Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIME
KILNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lime kilns. In constructing
the fire-places of lime kilns they are each usually formed with fire-bars which
extend from end to end of a projecting conical arch, and to a greater or less
extent into the bottom of the kiln, by which in practice it is found that the
conical arches of such kilns often require repair, and the fuel is not
advantageously burned.
Now according to the present Invention in place of the fire-bars extending
from end to end of such projecting conical arch, and also into the bottom
of the kiln beyond the inner end of such arch, a dead plate is employed
below the front or smaller end of the arch to such extent as may be desired,
whilst the front ends of the fire-bars only extend to the back edge of such
dead plate, by which arrangement the draft of air from the ash-pit is prevented
getting to the fuel above the ash-pit till such air has passed below the
dead plate and ascended between the fire-bars to the fuel thereon, any fuel
on the dead plate becoming very highly heated by the combustion of the fuel
on the fire-bars.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Richard John Denton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th June 1867.
I, HENRY RICHARD JOHN DENTON, of Wolverhampton, Agricultural Imple-
ment Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-MAKING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, 1st, in substituting the trailing hay turners
berein-after described for the ordinary rotating fork turners; and, 2ndly,
in so arranging the trailing hay turner that it can be adjusted according
as the weight of the crop to be turned may require. The travelling hay
turner is formed by connecting longitudinally and transversely or diagonally a
number of large augular links of iron of a square or other shape; this flexible
framework is suspended by a number of chains from a rotating bar fitted with
a handle or lever for turning it, and with a toothed wheel and pawl for fixing
it. This bar is fitted at the rear of a suitable frame and shaft mounted
upon travelling wheels; the linked angular frames having their angles vertical.
can by means of the suspending chains and bar above described be adjusted
so as to clear the ground or trail more or less upon it according as the chains
are let out, and thus when drawn across the cut crop will turn it over. A
machine thus formed may be used either as a hay-making or tedding
machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PARAFFIN AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Amos Kirby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
1867.
I, SAMUEL AMOS KIRBY, of Bedford, in the County of Bedford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PARAFFIN AND
OTHER LAMPS," to be as follows:-
These improvements are applicable more especially to paraffin and other
similar lamps now used for burning volatile or mineral oils.
In paraffin and other similar lamps as now generally constructed the oil over-
flows or escapes from the neck of the reservoir, thereby causing an unpleasant
smell, and being disagreeable both in appearance and handling.
Now the object of this Invention is to prevent this overflow or leakage,
and I accomplish this purpose by attaching the wick holder and other
part of the lamp to the reservoir in such a way that any drops of oil
which escape during the burning of the lamp are carried back into the
reservoir. This is done either by constructing the wick holder and cap so
that they shall not extend beyond and overhang the neck of the reservoir,
or by forming the reservoir with a lip so constructed as to catch the said
drops of oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sagar, and Thomas
Richmond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th. August 1867.
We, THOMAS SAGAR, Machine Maker, and THOMAS RICHMOND, Manu-
facturer, both of-Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention relates to improvements upon the letting off
motion for which Letters Patent were granted to us on the Fourth July, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, No. 1775. Our present improvements
consist in dispensing with the catches and ratchet wheels described in our
former Patent, and in using in lieu thereof the following parts :-To the axle
of the usual vibrator we fix a toothed segment or lever with a stud or studs,
the teeth of this segment or the studs of the lever take into the teeth of a
wheel, on the boss of which is a pinion gearing into a wheel on the axle of the
warp beam. When the tension of the warp depresses the vibrator the tooth
of the segment or the stud of the lever is raised, and allows one tooth of the
wheel in which it ears to slip, thereby letting off a portion of the warp; the
parts remain in these positions until the tension of the warp depressing the
vibrator again allows another tooth to slip; and thus the warp-is-let off as

page_text: Our improved letting off motion may be modified in the following manner :-
An eccentric is fixed to the axle of the vibrator, and on this, eccentric is fitted
a toothed pinion gearing into the wheel on the boss of which is a pinion
gearing into the wheel on the warp beam. Above or near the eccentric is a
stop piece to limit the range of the pinion. By this arrangement when the
vibrator is depressed by the yarn the eccentric releases the pinion and allows
a portion of the warp to be drawn off the warp beam. We wish to observe
that the eccentric and stop may be applied to any part of the letting off
motion, and may be combined in various ways to govern the quantity of warp
unwound off the warp beam. The teeth of the segment, or the studs of the
lever, or the teeth of the pinion, and the teeth of the wheel in which they
work are or may be case hardened or made of bardened steel.
The second part of our Invention consists in tightening the warp when the
reed is beating up the weft by an eccentric on the crank shaft acting on a
lever to which the vibrator is connected, or by connecting the lay sword or
the lay to a lever loose on the axle of the vibrator, in the upper arm of which
lever is a set screw against which the vibrator presses when the reed beats up;
or the same result may be obtained by connecting the lay or the crank shaft
or other equivalents to the vibrator.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELLS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hargrove and Samuel
Hargrove at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd December 1867.
We, CHARLES HARGROVE and SAMUEL HARGROVE, junior, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELLS," to be
as follows:-
Our said Invention relates to all kinds of cast bells.
Our Invention consists in the more economical production of the said cast
bells. We effect this by the use of carburet of iron and sulphur, the pro-
portions being one hundred parts of Staffordshire or such other make of iron
containing combined or uncombined carbon, and from one-half to five parts
of sulphur, varying the amount of sulphur according to the size and tone of
the bell to be cast.
In carrying out this Invention we make the top piece of the bell, or that
part from which it is usually suspended, of soft iron, and attach it after the
bell is cast, or to facilitate the manufacture we place it in the mould and cast
the bell on to it. They can be coated by electro-metallurgy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING HIDES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Collins and James Smethurst
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 22nd May 1867.
We, JAMES COLLINS, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, and JAMES SMETHURST, of the same Place, Brass Founder, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR DRESSING HIDES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the dressing of hides of leather, and is designed
principally to facilitate the operations of "staking," "shaving," and "buffing,"
and is as follows, namely:-At or about the centre of the machine an upright
frame is fitted to slide in standards or in the framing of the machine, and to
the upper part of the said frame a suitably formed knife is attached, over
which the hide is to be drawn. The edges of the hide are temporarily fixed
by means of jaws or in any other suitable manner to the upper part of two
"rocking" levers, one of which is situated on each side of the knife, the lower
ends of the levers being jointed to the opposite ends of a lever, which may be
situated under the bed of the machine, and which also has a rocking motion
on a bearing at or near its centre to allow the side levers to rise and fall; the
said vertical side levers are connected to one another at a point between their
"fulcrums" and the points of attachment to the hide by means of rods or
bars sliding one upon another, or by other suitable means, to admit of the
upper ends of the vertical levers being separated less or more to suit the
varying widths of the hides. The knife can be raised or lowered as required,

page_text: and can be changed to suit the different operations, the form of knife we
prefer to use when "shaving" being as follows, namely:-The cutting edge is
inclined at a suitable angle to the surface of the hide, and is furnished with a
guard on one or both sides to regulate the depth of the cut, which guard is
capable of being adjusted, the edge of it being a short distance from the edge
of the knife. The edges of the hide are held by the jaws or other holding
arrangements on the tops of the vertical levers, and a to-and-fro motion is
communicated to the levers, by which means the hide is drawn over the edge
of the "knife."
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Lancaster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
January 1867.
J, CHARLES WILLIAM LANCASTER, of New Bond Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gun Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to breech-loading arms in which a breech bolt or
other closing appliance is withdrawn or drawn back when the empty cartridge
case is to be removed and a fresh charge inserted.
My Invention consists in apparatus for extracting the empty case and
forcibly ejecting it from the gun. Under the shoe of the action I fit a lever,
the fore end of which is attached by a screw or otherwise, while the rear end
has an undercut or curved projection or toe which passes through an aperture
in the shoe; this lever acts, as hereafter explained, in combination with an
extractor composed of a semicircular plate and of a bar which is drawn back
When the
by the bolt so as to extract the empty case from the barrel.
extractor has been drawn back a certain distance the rear end of the bar
strikes against the toe of the lever, so that the fore end of the extractor with
the empty case is forced up and the case thrown out of the gun. The bar of
the extractor may be allowed to run in a groove in the action of the gun, or
may be fitted in a groove in the bolt, or the groove may be partly in the
action and partly in the bolt. My lever is, by preference, a spring lever, or

page_text: instead of a lever the projecting toe may be a fixture, a corresponding groove
being cut in the bolt or closing appliance.
My Invention further consists in forming the exploding pin in central
fire-arms independent from the hammer actuated by the spiral spring. Near
the rear end of the pin there is a shoulder to prevent it being driven back by
the discharge beyond the face of the bolt or closing appliance, and a small
spiral spring may be fitted between the shoulder and a perforated screw in the
face of the closing appliance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF STOPPING OR CLOSING BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS OF CAPACITY
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August
1867.
I, DANIEL TAYLOR, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Chaser, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OF STOPPING OR CLOSING BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS OF CAPACITY," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide effectual means of stopping or
closing bottles and other vessels of capacity principally with a view to protect
or preserve their contents from atmospheric influences or from being wasted
or caused to evaporate.
The Invention consists in the following arrangement :-A cap of metal or
other rigid substance is provided to close the bottle or vessel at the neck, and
this cap is filled, plugged, or fitted internally with cork or similar elastic
material made by preference on its lower surface with a part of its material
projecting slightly downwards and concentric with the circumference. Slots,
nicks, notches, or small openings are cut in the cap at the lower edge thereof,
and studs, projections, ribs, or nibs are formed on the outside of the neck of
the bottle or other vessel. When the bottle or vessel is to be closed the
cap is placed on the neck so that these openings come over these projections, and
the
cap
is turned partially round on the neck so as to bring the openings away
from the projections, the elasticity of the cork or plug allowing a passage for

page_text: the projections between it and the inner side of the cap. The cork plug or
fitting enters the mouth of the bottle or vessel and a tight stanch closure is
thus effected. To open the vessel the cap is turned round into such position
as to bring the notches again over the projections so that the cap may be
disengaged from the neck.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE CLIPPING OF LACE AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Marshall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1867.
I, WILLIAM MARSHALL, of Old Basford, in the County of Nottingham,
Clipper of Lace and other Fabrics, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
CLIPPING OF LACE AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore machinery used in clipping lace and other fabrics consisted of
two or at most three cutting blades lying flatwise on each side of a two-edged
central blade, such blades being adjustable towards or from each other. Now
in my Invention I employ two, three, or more blades, each blade being capable
of adjustment separately, and moreover I employ several sets of these blades;
each set of blades will perform cutting operations at one and the same time;
for instance, if I wish to employ a series extending to six sets of blades or
more, each set consisting of three blades, 1 construct the centre blade in each
set with a stem having two holes through the vertical portion, through
which pass two screw rods; a nut is locked on the screw at each side of the
vertical part of the stem to hold the said centre blade on any part of the
length of the screw rod. The screw rods are held in a frame having a handle;
the lower part of this frame has slots in which a horizontal rod is free to rise
and fall, being passed through a hole in the vertical part of the stem of each
of the other two blades, which blades work on an axle and guide pin on each
side of the centre blade. The horizontal rod is pressed down by a spring at
each end; these springs are secured to the framing near the handle of the

page_text: instrument; the horizontal rod has a link at either end, the upper ends of
these links are adjustable in the ends of two levers secured to a rocking axle
having a stop-piece and also a thumb-piece to depress the two outer blades in
each set of blades on the frame. The width of this frame depends on the
number of sets of blades required to operate at the same time. The horizontal
rod passed through the single hole in the two outer blade stems in each set
may be screwed and provided with nuts, by which the stems are set to cause
the blades to press upon the blade immediately adjoining.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING THE SAW BLADE CUTTERS OF REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hugh Stewart, of Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING THE
SAW BLADE CUTTERS OF REAPING MACHINES."
Sealed the 26th November 1867, and dated the 12th September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hugh Stewart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1867.
I, HUGH STEWART, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRIVING THE SAW BLADE CUTTERS OF REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
This Invention consists in the application of a drum or pulley to the wheels
or axle of a reaping machine. The drum or pulley having a zig-zag groove
recessed into its periphery, a sliding block, stud, or roller attached to a lever
works in the zig-zag groove, and causes the lever to vibrate upon a fixed
centre. The outer end of the lever is attached by a connecting rod to the
saw blade cutter, to which it imparts a reciprocating motion. The grooved
pulley or drum may be fitted upon a countershaft if required, and the counter-

page_text: shaft receive motion through suitable gearing from the main wheels or axle.
In place of a recessed groove a zig-zag projection may be formed upon the
periphery of the pulley or drum, the lever being actuated by a suitable forked
connection. To throw the vibrating lever out of gear I raise or depress the
lever working in the groove by means of suitable rods attached to levers
provided for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOVEABLE FIRE-BARS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lewis, William Huntington,
and William Anyon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th September 1867.
We, JOHN LEWIS, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
WILLIAM HUNTINGTON, of the same Place, Cotton Manufacturer, and
WILLIAM ANYON, junior, of the same Place, Commission Agent, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOVEABLE
FIRE-BARS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing furnaces with moveable fire-bars in
the following manner:-We construct a frame consisting of a dead plate,
two side bars, and a bridge plate, which we bolt together, the whole of which
is secured to the furnace front by bolts; on the inside of each side bar we
screw or cast on three pedestals to carry three rocking shafts, one in the centre
and one at each end; on the centre rocking shaft every alternate bar is fixed,
which bars extend the whole length of the furnace, the other bars are made
in two lengths, one of which is secured to each end rocking shaft, the other
ends meet in the centre and rest when level on the centre rocking shaft. On
the under side of each long bar is cast or fixed a stud half way between the
centre and end rocking shafts; the centre rocking shaft is moved by a lever
underneath to the front of the furnace, and when moved the aforesaid studs
projecting from the side of long bars and underneath the short bars, lift the
ends of the short bars, thus giving an alternate motion at each end to all the
bars, enableing the fireman by a motion of the aforesaid lever to shake the

page_text: consumed dust from the bars before it has time to clinker, or if clinkered to
break such clinker up, giving a free admission to the oxygen between the bars,
which having to pass through the fire becomes candent, a state so necessary
to a free and perfect combustion, thereby consuming the smoke and saving a
considerable per-centage of fuel and a great amount of labour.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR UNITING CORK OR LEATHER, EITHER SEPARATELY OR COM- BINED
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Toussaint at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1867.
I, JOSEPH TOUSSAINT, of Barnsbury Road, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR UNITING CORK OR LEATHER, EITHER SEPARATELY OR COM-
BINED," to be as follows:-
I employ pure gutta percha reduced to powder or in a solid state, and
reduced by heat in a bath of water or by other suitable means to render it
plastic, and when dissolved I put a thin coating upon the surface of one of
two pieces of cork or leather, or both, and place the other uncoated piece or
pieces quickly upon the coated pieces whilst the coating is warm, so that
when it is cold the pieces of material will be firmly and inseparably united, or
I employ india-rubber in lieu of gutta percha, or mixed therewith, and in
some cases I mix with one or other or both of the above matters or substances.
vegetable and resinous oils.
An important feature in the above Invention consists in conducting the
above process with dry heat of from seventy to ninety-six degrees of
Fahrenheit's thermometer.

page_text: Another mode of conducting the above process is by placing pure gutta
percha in powder upon the surfaces of the two pieces of cork or leather to be
united, then place them in a stove, and when the powder begins to inflate or
expand and give off vapour the coated surfaces of the pieces of material should
be quickly pressed together.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRAWING LIQUIDS PROM CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Albert Davis and Samuel
John Salkeld at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th February 1867.
We, HENRY ALBERT DAVIS, of No. 3, Goswell Terrace, in the County of
Middlesex, and SAMUEL JOHN SALKELD, of No. 45, Little Britain, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRAWING LIQUIDS PROM CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS,"
to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to the employment of a flexible tube, one end of
which is provided with a perforated cover and is attached to a float to keep it
to the surface of the liquid in a cask or other vessel in which the said appa-
ratus is inserted. The said tube is passed through a plug or collar which takes
the place of the bung in the said cask, and its outer end may be connected
to a beer engine or other pumping or drawing apparatus. The tube may be
formed of india-rubber or other flexible material, and of any suitable length
and size. The float preferably employed is a hollow india-rubber ball which
is formed or fixed on the end of the tube. The aperture in the same end of
the said tube is covered with perforated zinc, wire gauze, or other material
which will allow the liquid to pass freely in through the said aperture but will
prevent the entrance therein of hops or other floating solid substances. The
tube is drawn through a hollow plug or collar of wood or other suitable material
which is bored or perforated to fit the said tube properly and allow the same
to be easily adjusted therein. When the apparatus is to be employed for

page_text: drawing ale or beer from a cask the plug is adjusted on the tube to leave the
proper length of the same inside the said cask; the bung of the latter is then
removed and the end of the tube carrying the float is passed through the bung
hole, the wooden plug of the apparatus being inserted in the place of the said
bung; the other end of the tube which is outside the cask may then be con-
nected with a beer engine or pipe leading to the same. The float always
keeps the end of the tube to the surface of the ale or other liquid, and as the
same is drawn out of the cask the float and tube descend with it; by this
means all the liquid is drawn from the surface of the same at whatever level
it may stand in the cask, and the necessity of tilting the latter and the employ-
ment of a tap therein is avoided. The apparatus may also be formed of
metal tubes jointed or hinged together with india-rubber or other flexible
tubing. One of the pieces of metal tube is fixed in the wood plug, while the
other is provided with an india-rubber or other float which keeps its end
properly to the surface of the liquid. The said apparatus may be also
employed in connection with a syphon for drawing liquid from the surface in
casks or other vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sagar and Thomas
Richmond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th October 1867.
We, THOMAS SAGAR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, and THOMAS RICHMOND, of the same Place, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in looms relate to the taking-up motion with a single
positive taking-up roller.
The novelty consists in an improvement in the method of driving the ratchet
wheel or other wheel used for the like purpose. The ordinary plan has been
to use a number of clicks or catches to hold and drive the ratchet wheel;
these catches require a great amount of care to keep them to their proper
lengths. The catches have also had their axles parallel to the ratchet wheel.
Now we propose to use instead of the ordinary catches or clicks a number
of thin metallic plates which will require no adjustment whatever for length,
the thickness of the plates determines the motion of the ratchet wheel. The
motion of the plates which work the ratchet wheel is governed by the varying
diameter of the cloth on the cloth beam by connecting rods, levers, or
eccentrics, or other means. We also regulate the letting-off motion on the
yarn beam in a similar manner.

page_text: Our Invention relates also to the "weft fork" and grid. We propose to
substitute for the ordinary weft fork (which has heretofore been made with
the prongs open at the ends) one of a similar kind, with the exception that
instead of the prongs being open at the end they are closed like a grid.
We also propose to make the grid in the slay project so as to allow the
weft fork to work through it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bell and Thomas Lesslie
Gregson Bell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th April 1867.
We, THOMAS BELL and THOMAS LESSLIE GREGSON BELL, of the Vitriol
Works, near Victoria Docks, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURES," to be as.
follows:-
We propose to overcome the difficulty which has hitherto existed in the
manufacture of commercial superphosphate of lime and artificial manures
from mineral phosphates, such as Sombrero and Navassa phosphates, apatite,
the so called German phosphate, and any other phosphates of lime which
contain little or no carbonate of lime, by the addition of carbonate of lime
such as chalk or limestone, or carbonates of magnesia and lime such as
magnesia limestone or dolomite. We prefer to grind the proper proportion
of the carbonate with the phosphate material. The proportion necessary we
find will vary from 5% up to 20%. The addition of this carbonate produces
a mixture resembling Cambridge coprolites. The compound may be used for
the manufacture of manures in the ordinary way, either alone or mixed with
any proportion of coprolites, bones, bone ash, or other material, the evolution
of the carbonic acid or the addition of the sulphuric or other acid gives

page_text: lightness and porosity to the mass, so that it soon becomes dry and in good
friable condition.
In place of employing chalk or limestone in this process it will sometimes
be advantageous to employ phosphatic materials containing an excess of
carbonate of lime.
AN IMPROVED YIELDING FISHPLATE EMPLOYED UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Dicken at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1867.
J, JOSEPH DICKEN, of Llanddulas, in the County of Denbigh, Plate layer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED YIELDING
FISHPLATE EMPLOYED UPON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of metal plates employed for securing
the ends of rails on the permanent way of railways termed " fishplates,"
and more particularly to those fishplates which are employed for joining
the ends of the rails which form the points. These rails being actuated
for the purpose of diverting the course of trains from one line to the
other have necessarily a slight lateral motion at their tapered extremity
for the purpose of being brought into or forced out of contact with the
main or permanent line of rail. The opposite end of the rails having this
lateral motion as now employed are fixed or joined up to the main or per-
manent line of rail with which they are in connection by means of ordinary
rigid "fishplates," thereby causing one of two evils (viz.) the rigid connection
of the rails having the lateral motion with the main or permanent line of rail
causes an uncertainty in their answering to the pointsman's handle, or in
order that there may be no such uncertainty the bolts by which the "fish-
plates' are attached to the rails are allowed to remain imperfectly screwed,
so that they are with each passing train liable to become more and more
loosened until the nuts or heads of these bolts protrude so as to be carried off
by the flanges on the wheels of a
wheels of a passing train, the consequence of which is
"

page_text: that such rails leave their seating, thus presenting a fruitful opportunity for
accidents both to life and property. These imperfectly screwed up bolts also
necessitate the constant supervision of the platelayers.
The present improvements are designed for the purpose of remedying this
rigidity of the plate by substituting a novel construction and arrangement of
yielding plate attached to the rails by bolts screwed perfectly tight in contra-
distinction to an ordinary rigid or immoveable "fishplate" as now employed.
For this purpose I construct a plate in two halves joined vertically down its
centre by means of a strong hinge or other equivalent; this joint is placed
just at the point where the two ends of the rails to be joined meet, each half
being firmly secured to its respective rail by means of bolts, which by pre-
ference I form with a conical hollow head provided with a split or opening
which will allow when tightened up a greater latitude for expansion before
becoming loose or ineffectual; the jointed plate when thus secured will allow
the points to move with the greatest freedom, and at the same time obviate
the constant attention of the platelayer, the moveable rail "fishplates" and
bolts by this means becoming more durable and lasting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING REFUSE ANIMAL MATTERS AND PRODUCING SKINS AND SHEETS THEREPROM
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Harcourt Brown, of Abbey Mills, Romsey, in
the County of Hants, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN UTILIZING REFUSE ANIMAL MATTERS AND PRODUCING SKINS AND SHEETS
THEREPROM."
Sealed the 4th April 1868, and dated the 7th October 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Harcourt Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th October 1867.
I, JOHN HARCOURT BROWN, of Abbey Mills, Romsey, in the County of
Hants, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING REFUSE ANIMAL MATTERS AND PRODUCING SKINS
AND SHEETS THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the production of skins or sheets for the
purposes of writing, drawing, tracing, book binding, box and case covering,
and other purposes for which vellum, parchment, cotton cloth, and the various
sorts of leather are employed. For these purposes I take the refuse skins or
parts of skins, fleshings, roundings, tendons, and all other suitable animal
matters possessing a fibral character, and having cleansed them of all dirt and
impurities by submitting them to a caustic bath composed of quicklime and

page_text: alkuli and water, in which they are to remain until they are quite soft and
flexible; they are then removed, and by means of a rotary knife or other
suitable machinery are cut into stivers and beaten into a plastic mass; in this
condition I add sulphurous, sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitric, acetic, or other
suitable acids in the proportion of 1 or 2 per cent. of the water required to
bring the mass into a partially fluid state. It now undergoes a thorough
disintegration by beating in a rag engine used by paper makers until it assumes
the character of what is called by paper makers "half stuff." It is now
submitted to the bleaching process in the same manner as rags are, and freed
from the lime and acid obtained during the bleaching process by means of
washing and the usual processes as employed in the production of paper
from rags.