IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OILS, BY USING A MATERIAL NOT HERETOFORE EMPLOYED, AND IN OBTAINING STEARINE THEREFROM APPLICABLE IN THE MAKING OF CANDLES, AND ALSO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE FROM THE RESIDIUUM OF SUCH OILS WITH OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1844

page_text: FOULES
UN.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES POOLE,
of the Patent Office, Serle Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Tenth day of July, in the eighth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Moses
Poole, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Moses Poolc, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Moses Poole, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Isles
of Jersey, Gurnsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Ma-
jesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF OILS, BY USING A MATERIAL NOT HERETOFORE EMPLOYED, AND IN
OBTAINING STEARINE THEREFROM APPLICABLE IN THE MAKING OF CANDLES, AND ALSO
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE FROM THE RESIDIUUM OF SUCH OILS WITH OTHER
MATTERS," communicated to me by a certain foreigner residing abroad; in which
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Moses Poole, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
The shell of oysters is proper to improve, first, the quality of certain oils,
principally those made with beech or oak tree flowers, with poppy seek and
flower, and with grape seed; secondly, to improve the quality of candles, and
at once to introduce a great saving in their fabrication; and, thirdly, to im-
prove the quality of manure, also with a notable economy in its fabrication.
Hence the improvements in the quality and fabrication of these three different
goods will be the three divisions or heads of the present instruction.
First, as to the manufacture of oils, get the oyster shells well brushed with a
hard brush, and throw them into a tank of water. Charge that water until it
goes out as clear as it has come in. Get the shells dry, and ground until
reduced into a white and fine flower. After the usual preparations of the
olegineous substances, either separately or jointly employed, and previous to
their being put into the hair or lawn bags, powder them with oyster shell
flower in the proportion of one fifth or about in the quantity, and let the bags
afterwards go to the press. This, of course, must be hydraulic, and of the
pressure of at least one million pounds in weight.. Its pump is to be moved
by steam. The pipes must be disposed in such a manner as to give the proper
heat to the ground cakes, out of which the second oil is drawn by means of a
proper setting in the press of bags stand or ease. The first oil. is always
worked cold. Do not forget that you must have different sets of bags, as those
which are used for the first or best oil (salad oil) must never be employed in
the making of the second or lamp oil. After the whole of this latter has
dropped into the vats, throw into each vat two pints sulphuric acid, and
move with one or more sticks. When well foamy, throw distilled water, nearly
as much as there is oil, and go on moving until the vat be covered with white
lather; then leave it rest for ten hours; on the top will be the oil, in the
centre the stearinc, and at the bottom the water and dregs. Neither of these
are to be lost, as I shall say in the third part of the Invention.
In the above fabrication the mixture of the faine to the aillette, in the propor-
tion of two fifths of the former to three fifths of the latter, is already an improve-
ment, but a greater one is the mixture of each of these two substances with the
grape seed in the proportion of one half. The three substances can be mixed toge-
ther, and the oyster shell powder will in each case be added in the proportion
before mentioned. Do not forget that previous to the said addition the oleagi-
neous substance prepared for the extraction of oil is to be watered with
distilled water in the proportion of half a gallon per two
matter, and reduced into paste by means of a cylinder.
of the oleaginous
Eight hundred weight

page_text: of this must produce twenty-five gallons of the best oil, four gallons of lamp
oil, and fifty pounds of stearine.
Second, as to the manufacture of candles. After the oyster shells, washed
as aforesaid, and broken into small pieces, or one passed under the grinding
machine, cover them with hydrochloric or muriatic acid, and leave them under
it in the tanks until reduced into a white paste. Get this paste warmed by
steam, and introduce it by degrees into your boiling tallow or stearine, or sper-
maceti or wax, in the proportion of forty per cent., and during the mixture
move constantly with one or more sticks. Make afterwards your candles as
usual. The tallow candles will become imitation wax, and the more so by the
addition of stearine or wax in a small proportion. The paste of oyster shell
gives to the candles the metallic or dry sound of wax, and considerably im-
proves the hardness of the candle and the color of the light.
Third, as to the manufacture of manure. The oil cakes proceeding from
the second or lamp oil must be broken in small pieces, or ground, according to
their state of dryness. Throw a reasonable quantity of soot into the water
and dregs spoken of towards the end of the process described for the manufac
ture of oils; move it hard; throw afterwards in it the broken or ground
cakes, and the water and dregs proceeding from the lees of soap manufactories,
and all the residiuums from tallow melting and soap making; the more oyster
shell powder added to it the better; move always all together with one or
more sticks; let the whole ferment and dry, and afterwards get it ground,
and you shall have produced a manure equal to the best guano.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Tenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand ight hundred and forty five