IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION AND SEPARATION OF SALT OR OTHER CRYSTALS FROM FLUIDS AND TV THE TEG HUDLOVED nrrabind
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Maynes of 19 Anderton Street Harpurhey
Manchester in the County of Lancaster Machinist for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION AND SEPARATION OF SALT OR OTHER
CRYSTALS FROM FLUIDS AND TV THE TEG HUDLOVED
nrrabind "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Maynes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1882.
"
JOHN MAYNES of 19 Anderton Street Harpurhey Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Machinist "
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION AND SEPARATION OF
SALT OR OTHER CRYSTALS FROM FLUIDS AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
The primary object of this Invention is the extraction or separation of Salt from
Brine in an economical and expeditious manner by a novel arrangement of
apparatus which may be thus described.
The Brine is received on the works into a reservoir from which the surface
Condensor of a Steam Engine is supplied, on passing through its temperature is
raised from about Forty degrees (40°) to about One hundred degrees (100°)
The necessary quantity of Brine at this superior temperature is taken to supply
the Salt pans hereinafter described the excess is diverted in its course by means of
a shallow trough back again to the reservoir to cool from whence the first supply
was taken. In the heated state at which the Brine leaves the Condensor it readily
yields vapour the loss of which causes its concentration to about the full point of
saturation, thus economically reducing the work of the pans to the minimum
amount for the production of Salt.
The novel arrangement of Salt pan proper is an enclosed receptacle surrounded
by a hot air Chamber heated by the gases of combustion passing from a furnace to
the chimney, this furnace and flue is employed for heating a portion of the under
surface of the pan an extension of the said flue forming the hot air Chamber by
this means the minimum loss of heat is attained. The salt pan is constructed as
follows
The interior of the said pan is divided by a horizontal plate which I term

page_text: the Salt floor the ends of which are shaped so as to facilitate circulation by
convection.
The lower division of the said pan underneath the Salt floor is occupied with a
number of steam boxes or pipes so placed that they are entirely surrounded by the
Brine in the pan, these boxes or pipes are supplied with steam at a higher
temperature (from a source hereinafter described) than the temperature of the
Brine in the pan, the difference of temperature between the two causes transmission
of heat to the Brine and condensation of Steam in the boxes, the condensed water
thus formed has the temperature of the steam in the boxes in which state it flows
through an economizer and transfers its heat to the Brine supplying or feeding the
Salt pan as herein before described, thus causing the said Brine to enter the pan at
a very high temperature approaching Two hundred and twenty degrees (220°)
which is the boiling point of Brine when at its full strength. Brine at this
temperature only requires the Vapour heat which it receives from the before
mentioned source videlicet the furnace and steam boxes.
As the Salt pan is enclosed the vapour as generated is conveyed by a pipe to a
Cylinder in which it is compressed by the action of a piston receiving Motion
from an Engine. By this compression the steam is raised in temperature and
tension in which state it is supplied to the Steam boxes or their Equivalent in the
Salt pan a portion however of this Steam before entering the said Boxes is
diverted to supply power for actuating the compressor through the medium of a
condensing Steam Engine the Condenser of which as herein before described
transfers its heat to the Brine passing to it from the Reservoir. I would here
remark that the amount of that portion of Steam which passes to the Engine will
equal that which is vapourized by the fuel consumed in the furnace as the
remaining vapour heat extracted from the pan is returned thereto by means of the
enclosed Steam boxes.
As the boiling portion of the Brine in the pans is raised in accordance with the
increase of pressure or head the brine will be so regulated to flow past the heating
surfaces as not to exceed the boiling point which is due to its depth underneath
the Salt floor thus preventing the possibility of vapour arising therefrom and as
no salt can be produced until vapour is generated which it is allowed to do as
Brine by convection rises by the end passage above the Salt floor its bead and
pressure being thereby reduced it is as a consequence vapourized with a result that
Salt is then deposited on the salt tuor, the loss of vapour heat necessarily cooling
the brine increases its specific gravity and causes it to descend by the passage or
opening at the opposite end of the salt floor to the under portion of the Salt pan,
thus maintaining constant circulation of the Brine.
The Salt pan is provided with a suitable opening or aperture for the purpose of
enabling the Salt deposited on the Salt floor being removed from time to time.
The process of separating Salt from fluids as herein described is equally
applicable with slight modification to other like and similar purposes such as
separating the Crystals of Sugar from Syrup, the Crystals of Ammonia from Urine
and the like.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said John Maynes in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 18th May 1883.
JOHN MAYNES of 19 Anderton Street Harpurhey Manchester in the County of
Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION AND SEPARATION OF SALT OR
OTHER CRYSTALS FROM FLUIDS AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR"
The primary object of this Invention is the extraction or separation of Salt
from Brine in an economical and expeditious manner by a novel arrangement of
apparatus which consists of a Salt pan of peculiar and novel construction in com-
bination with evaporating reservoir, surface condenser, heating box, Steam Engine
and steam compressor, together with parts in connection therewith, the whole
forming a compact apparatus for economically extracting Salt from Brine, and with
slight alterations the same or similar apparatus will be equally servicable as a
process for extracting the crystals of Aminonia from Urine, or Sugar from juice or
for other similar and like purposes.
In order that the Invention shall be well understood and explained in detail I
have hereunto annexed Two Sheets of Drawings upon which letters of reference
are marked on corresponding parts on all the Figures alike.
Sheet 1 Fig: 1 represents a plau view in part section of the apparatus as a
whole comprising the general arrangement and disposition of the cooling reservoir,
Salt pan, Engines and Heater.
Fig 2 represents in longitudinal section a general view of the interior of the
Salt pau furnace and flue.
Fig. 3 represents also in section a detached transverse view of Fig: 2 taken
through the line xx.
Sheet 2 Fig 4 represents in Front Elevation the arrangement of parts
comprising the Engine Compressor and Condenser.
Fig 5. represents a front elevation of the reservoir containing the Brine,
shallow trough and heater the front cover being taken off to shew the internal
arrangement.
:
Fig 6 represents a front elevation of one of the divisional plates in the lower
part of the Salt pan, similar plates being also adapted to the heater, and Condenser,
and.
Fig 7 represents a Plan view of the same shewing how the divisional plates
are connected by pipes.
In these Figs: Sheet 1. Fig: 1. a is a pipe by which the fresh Brine is
received and directed into the pipe b. through which it flows to the condenser d
where it is heated, and from whence it is again discharged through the pipes &
and e¹ which diverts its course so that a portion flows into the reservoir i through
the trough h and the remainder by the pipe e¹ into the heater g In the heated
state at which the Brine leaves the Condenser, and is exposed to the atmosphere in
the reservoir it evaporates, and so concentrates to about the full point of
saturation thus economically reducing the work of the Salt pans to the minimum
amount for the production of Salt. The brine diverted by the pipe c' and flowing
into the heater g is after having its temperature raised in such heater finally passed
through the pipe into the Salt pan l. That portion of the brine diverted in its

page_text: course into the reservoir i as it cools therein sinks to the bottom and is there
drawn off by the pipe c to the condenser where it forms a supply for feeding such
condenser with the necessary quantity of brine for assisting in the process of
condensation.
The novel arrangement of Salt pan which I use is constructed of an enclosed
receptacle the outer surface of which is protected by a coating of fire clay m³ or
other like substance which will prevent the deleterious gases evolved from the
furnace m acting upon the metal plates m' of the Salt-pan.-Outside the fire clay
coating a flue m³ from m is formed the whole being enclosed by the outer walls or
covering m In some cases I prefer to construct a chamber between the fire clay
coating and the metal plate of the Salt pan, the air circulating between such fire
clay coating and the said plates of the Salt pan being heated by the outer flue m².
The furnace m and flue m³ are employed for heating a portion of the under surface
of the Salt-pan and also for maintaining the enclosed coating and surface of the
pan in a highly heated state by which means the minimum loss of heat is attained.
The arrangement and construction of the Salt pan may be described as
follows:-
-The interior of the said pan is divided by a horizontal plate n which I term the
salt floor the ends n of which are shaped so as to facilitate circulation by
convection.
The lower division of the Salt pan underneath the salt floor is provided with a
number of Steam boxes or pipes o so placed that they are entirely surrounded by
the brine in the pan, these boxes are supplied through the pipe p with Steam of a
higher temperature (from a source hereinafter described) than the temperature of
the Brine in the pan, the difference of temperature between the two, causes trans-
mission of heat to the Brine and condensation of Steam in the boxes o, the
condensed water thus formed has the temperature of the Steam in the boxes o in
which state it flows through the pipe to the heater g and from thence by the
pipe to the drain t whilst the hot condensed water is passing through the
heater g it transfers its heat to the Brine in such heater which supply or feed the
Salt pan as herein before described and thus causes the said Brine to enter the pan
at a very high temperature approaching Two hundred and twenty degrees (220°)
which is the boiling point of Brine when at its full strength. Brine at this
temperature only requires the vapour heat which it receives from the before
mentioned sources videlicet, the furnace m and steam boxes v.
As the Salt pan is enclosed as described the vapour as generated is conveyed by
a pipe u to the Cylinders v, v. when it is compressed by the action of a piston in
such Cylinders, by this compression the Steam is raised in temperature and tension
in which state one portion of it is supplied by and through the pipe w¹ to the
steam boxes o and by the pipes p or their equivalent in the salt pan and the
remaining portion of the pipe w is diverted to supply power to the Cylinder w of
a Condensing Engine actuating the Compresser, the Steam being conveyed to the
condenser by the pipe w³ the heat of which is transferred as herein before described
to the brine passing to it from the reservoir i I would here remark that the
amount of that portion of Steain which passes to the Engine will about equal
that which is vapourized by the fuel consumed in the furnace as the remaining
vapour heat extracted from the pan is returned thereto by means of the enclosed
steam boxes o.
As the boiling temperature of the Brine in the pans is raised in accordance with
the increase of pressure or heat, the brine will be so regulated to flow past the
heating surfaces as not to exceed the boiling point which is due to its depth
underneath the sult floor n thus preventing the possibility of vapour arising
therefrom, and as no Salt can be produced until vapour is generated which it is
allowed to do as brine by convection rises by the end passage above the Salt floor m
its head and pressure being thereby reduced it is as a consequence vapourized with
a result that Salt is then deposited on the salt floor n the loss of vapour heat
necessarily cooling the brine increases its specific gravity and causes it to descend

page_text: by the passage or opening at the opposite end of the Salt floor to the under
portion of the Salt pan thus maintaining constant circulation of the brine.
The Salt pan is provided with a suitable opening or aperture y for the
purpose of enabling the Salt deposited on the Salt floor n being removed from
time to time.
The process of separating Salt from Fluids as herein described is equally
applicable with slight modification to other like and similar purposes such as
the manufacture of Sugar from juice, or crystals of ammonia from Urine and
the like.
Finally I would wish it to be understood that the process herein described for
separating Salt from Brine can with slight modification be employed with advantage
on board Ship or elsewhere as a process for readily obtaining condensed water for
drinking or other purposes.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention together with the
manner of performing the same I would have it understood that what I claim as
new and as of my Invention is.
Firstly. the employment and use of a Steam Engine and compressor for raising
the temperature of the steam abstracted from the Brine for economising
the use of fuel whilst extracting or separating the Salt from such Brine in
the manner as herein substantially shewn and described.
:
Secondly the novel arrangement of parts whereby the Brine is made serviceable
for assisting in the condensation of the steam in the Engine condenser,
and utilizing the heat so abstracted for the purpose of driving off
vapour when exposed to the atmosphere in the manner as herein substan-
tially described.
Thirdly the novel employment of the Steam generated and thrown off from the
Brine to be used as a force for compressing vapour and raising the
temperature in the manner and for the purpose as herein substantially
described and set forth.
:
Fourthly the novel adaptation to the outer casing of the Salt pan of protecting
material and air chamber which is kept heated by the outer chamber m³,
which forms a portion of the furnace flue to be employed in the manner
and for the purpose as herein substantially described, and.
Finally the novel adaptation to the Salt pan of an intermediate Salt floor so
placed that it will prevent the formation of Salt below such floor whilst
receiving the whole deposit of the Salt separated from the Brine upon its
upper surface in the manner as herein substantially described set forth and
fully illustrated in the drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I the said John Maynes have hereunto set my hand and
seal this the seventeenth day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
Witness:
THOMAS WRIGLEY
75 Chancery Lane
London W.C.
JOHN MAYNES (L.S.)