Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel and Iron and in Apparatus to be employed in such Manufacture.
Year: 1890

page_text: The decision of the Chief Examiner, acting on behalf of the Comptroller, of the
9th day of September 1892, allowed, under Section 18 of the Patents, &c.
Act, 1883, an Amendment of this Specification.
Date of Application, 7th May, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 26th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 21st Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel and Iron and in Apparatus
to be employed in such Manufacture.
We, JOHN HEATON of 41 Corporation Street Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Civil Engineer and GEORGE HENRY HOLDEN of the same place
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to that process for the manufacture of steel and iron in
which nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda and chlorate of potash are
employed, the said process above referred to being that which is described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to the above named John Heaton, dated
May 3rd 1867 and numbered 1295, and our present invention consists in improve-
ments and arrangements of machinery or apparatus to be employed in such
manufacture.
The first part of our invention consists in the use of a measuring receiver or vessel
into which the melted iron is run from the furnace in which it has been melted. The
said measuring receiver or vessel is formed so as to hold a certain quantity of metal.
The top of the measuring receiver or vessel is provided with a lid which is closed
after the molten metal has been run into such measuring receiver or vessel.
The interior of the measuring receiver or vessel communicates by means of a
passage with the interior of a "converter" such passage being capable of at times
being closed by means of a suitable plug or valve or plugs or valves, such plug or
valve or plugs or valves serving to allow the molten metal to flow from the measuring
receiver or vessel into the "converter" and to prevent the metal from flowing back
" into the
and also prevent sparks or flame from passing from the "converter
measuring receiver or vessel, while the converting operation is progressing.
At the commencement of each "shift" we heat the lower portion of the body of
the "converter" by a suitable arrangement, preferably a gas" arrangement, to a
low red heat in order to prevent undue lowering of the temperature of the melted
metal, during the process of "conversion," so that the required uniformity of
production may be secured.
<
"
A further part of our invention consists in arrangements of machinery or apparatus
whereby we are enabled to readily and conveniently place beneath the "
E
22
"
converter
"
the vessel or chamber employed to contain the charge of nitrate of soda, nitrate of
potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash to be employed in the process of
conversion and which vessel we shall hereinafter refer to as the lower portion
of the converter." In order to readily and conveniently place the lower portion
of the converter" in position beneath the "converter we place such part upon a
truck which by means of wheels and rails is conducted beneath the converter and
upon the table of a hydraulic ram or other suitable means such for instance as
screws or levers by which we cause the truck to be raised until the lower part of
the "converter" placed thereon arrives into contact with and into position beneath
23
the " converter to which it is firmly secured by clamps or other suitable appliances
so that should the hydraulic ram or other means employed from any cause cease to

page_text: support the lower portion of the "converter" such lower portion will not become
separated from the "converter."
A further part of our invention consists in securing the perforated plate placed
above the nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda or chlorale of potash,
in position in the lower portion of the "couverter" before the said lower portion of
the "converter" is placed in position below the " converter."
"
A further part of our invention consists in arrangements for transferring the
charge of metal coutained in the lower portion of the "converter" to an "open
hearth"
or reheating furnace, preferably a "gas" furnace, after the "conversion,'
so that the charge of metal may be heated so as to become sufficiently fluid to be
run into ingots.
According to this part of our invention we cause the lower portion of the
"converter" after being removed from the "converter" to be moved along suitable
rails or in any other suitable manner to suitable hydraulic or other appliances by
which the said lower portion of the "couverter" is tilted so that the charge of
metal contained therein will be caused to run or pass down a suitable spout, pipe or
channel into an "open hearth" or reheating furnace, preferably a
ᏞᎥ gas furnace."
According to a further part of our invention, when the above described process is
used to produce a metal to be used as "wrought" iron or as a
-soft "wellable
steel the metal after being removed from the "converter is transferred to a
reheating furnace such for instance as a "blooming furnace "after which it is passed
to a shingling hammer and then to the rolling mill to be rolled into billets or slabs
or other forms suitable for further use.
or
་་
"
A further part of our invention consists in forming the nitrate of soda, nitrate of
potash, chlorate of soda or chlorate of potash used for the "conversion” of “ 'pig'
"
"cast
iron into steel or "wrought" iron into blocks, cakes or regments which
blocks, cakes or segments, are so constructed that they may he secured in the lower
portion of the "converter" by means of wedges or other convenient means. By
forming the nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash.
into blocks, cokes or segments as above described we prevent the nitrate of soin,
nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda or chlorate of potash from being readily displaced
by the meial.
"
According to another method of subjecting the steel and other matters contained
in the lower portion of the converter" above mentioned to the action of heat we
transfer the lower portion of the "converter' near to an opening formed in a suitable
reverberatory furnace preferably of the "regenerative" class and we raise the
lower portion of the "converter" into contact with the opening so as to form a
"joint" therewith by means of a hydraulic ram or rams or by suitable mechanical
apparatus. The heat of the furnace "playing " upon the contents of the lower part
of the "converter" will by increasing their temperature allow the impurities to
separate from the steel. When the contents of the lower part of the "converter
have been subjected to the heat for the length of time necossary the steel may be
run" from the lower part of the "converter" into ingots or otherwise treated or
used.
"
"
A further part of our invention consists in arrangements of apparatus by which
we are enabled to recover certain useful "by products" which would otherwise
escape from the upper portion of the "convarter" during the time the "conversion"
is taking place.
In carrying this part of our invention into effect we provide the upper portion of
the "converter" with a pipe or flue which leads to a suitable condensing chamber,
vessel, tank, or apparatus which chamber, vessel, tank or apparatus may receive
and collect the products passing into it from the upper part of the "converter."
In some casos in order to assist the deposition of the "by products" we cool the
chamber, vessel, tank or apparatus in any suitable manner.
The pipe or flue above referred to, we provide with suitable doors or openings to
enable inatter deposited therein to be from time to time removed.
The pipe or flue above mentioned we in some cases form curved or with a series

page_text: of curves or we provide the said pipe or flue with partitions by means of which
the products passing along the said pipe or flue may be brought into contact with
water or other liquid or liquids and cooled.
23
The water or other liquid or liquids employed in cooling the "by products'
above referred to, which will dissolve a great part of such "by products" may be
collected in any suitable manner and afterwards treated in any suitable manner for
the recovery therefrom of the "by products" contained therein.
Dated th. I CM 1900
W. T. CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel and Iron and in Apparatus
to be employed in such Manufacture.
We Jonx HEATON of 41 Corporation Street, Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Civil Engineer and GEORGE HENRY HOLDEN of the same place Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Our invention relates to that process for the manufacture of steel and irou, in
which nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda and chlorate of potash are
employed, the said process above referred to being that which is described
respectively in the Specifications of Letters Patent respectively granted to the
above named John Heaton dated March 17th 1866 numbered 798 and May 3rd
1867 numbered 1295 and our present invention consists in improvements and
arrangements of machinery or apparatus to be employed in such manufacture.
In order that our invention may be fully understood and carried into effect we
have in the accompanying drawings illustrated arrangements of machinery or
apparatus constructed according to our invention.
Fig. 1 is a side view.
Fig. 2 is also a side view from which are omitted certain parts which are shown in
Fig. 1 and in which are shown certain parts which do not appear in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a side view of that which is shown in Fig. 1. when looking in the
direction from A to B of Fig. I with certain parts omitted.
Fig. 4 is a plan of a portion of that which is shown in Figs. 1. 2. 3.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation and Figs. 6. 7. and 8. are plans of portions of that
which is shown in Figs. 1. 2. 3. and 4, and Fig. 9 is a vertical section of a pɔrtion
of that which is shown in Figs. 1. 5. 6. and 7.
Figs. 5. 6. 7. 8. and 9 show parts upon a larger scale.
The same letters of reference are applied to corresponding parts in all the
figures.
The first part of our invention consists in the use of a measuring receiver or
vessel into which the molten iron is run from the furnace in which it has been
melted. The said measuring receiver or vessel is formed so as to hold a certain
quantity of metal. The top of the measuring receiver or vessel is provided with a
fid which is closed after the molten metal has been run into such measuring
receiver or vessel. The interior of the measuring receiver or vessel communicates
by means of a passage with the interior of a converter such passage being
capable of at times being closed by means of a suitable plug or valve or plugs
or valves such plug or valve or plugs or valves serving to allow the molten metal to
flow from the measuring receiver or vessel into the "converter
and to prevent
GC
29
"
the metal from flowing back and also prevent sparks or flame from passing from
the "converter into the measuring receiver or vessel while the "converting'
operation is progressing.
At the commencement of each "shift" we heat the lower portion of the body'

page_text: of the "converter" by a suitable arrangement, preferably a "gas" arrangement,
to a lowered heat in order to prevent undue lowering of the temperature of the
molten metal, during the process of “conversion" so that the required uniformity
of production may be secured.
In the accompanying drawings a is a cupola furnace in which is melted the
metal to be treated according to the process in which the machinery or apparatus
in which our invention partly consists is to be employed. is a measuring
receiver or vessel into which a desired quantity of metal is run from the cupola
furnace a by means of the spout or trough c. The measuring receiver or vessel b
is formed so as to hold a certain quantity of molten metal. The top of the
receiver or vessel is provided with a lid which is closed after the molten metal
has been run into such measuring receiver or vessel . The interior of the
measuring receiver or vessel & communicates by means of a passage with the interior
of a converter d, the passage being capable of being at times closed by means of
a suitable plug or valve or plugs or valves 6. The said plug or valve or plugs or
valves serves or serve to allow the molten metal to flow from the measuring
receiver or vessel into the "converter" d and to prevent the molten metal from
flowing back and also to prevent sparks or flume from passing from the "con-
verter d into the measuring receiver or vessel b while the “converting” operation
is progressing.
At the commencement of each "shift" we heat the lower portion of of the body
of the "convetter" d by a suitable arrangement preferably by a suitable “ gas
arrangement to a low red heat in order to prevent undue lowering of the tempera-
ture of the molten metal during the process of "conversion" so that the required
uniformity of production may be secured.
"
A further part of our invention consists in arrangements of machinery or
apparatus whereby we are enabled to readily and conveniently place beneath the
"converter" the vessel or chamber employed to contain the charge of nitrate of
soda, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash to be employed in the
process of "conversion " and which vessel we shall hereinafter refer to as the lower
portion of the "converter." In order to readily and conveniently place the lower
portion of the converter in position beneath the converter we place such part
upon a truck which by means of wheels and rails is conducted beneath the " con-
verter and upon the table of a hydraulic ram or other suitable means such for
instance as screws or levers by which we cause the truck to be raised until the
lower part of the converter" placed thereon arrives into contact with and into
position beneath the "converter to which it is firmly secured by clamps or other
suitable appliances so that should the hydraulic ram or other means employed from
any cause cease to support the lower portion of the "converter" such lower portion
will not become separated from the "converter."
"
g
"
The lower portion of the "converter" in which the charge of nitrate of soda,
nitrate of polash chlorate of soda or chlorate of potash to be employed in the
process of conversion" is placed is shown upon a larger scale in Figs. 5. 6. 7.
and 9. The lower portion of the converter is provided with trunnions ef by which
it is supported upon a truck/provided with wheels capable of running upon the
rails g. In order to readily and conveniently place the lower portion of the
"converter" in position beneath the " converter d we conduct the lower
portione by means of the rails y beneath the "converter" d and upon the tablo h
of a hydraulic ram or other suitable means such for instance as screws or levers
by which we cause the truck to be raised until the lower portion of the " con-
verter placed thereon arrives into contact with and into position beneath the
"converter" to which it is firmly secured by clamps d² or other suitable appliances
so that should the hydraulic ram or other means employed from any cause cease
to support the lower portion of the converter" such lower portion e of the
" converter" will not become separated from the "converter". The trunnions &¹
enable the lower portion e of the " converter to become readily adapted to the
"converter" d.
"

page_text: A further part of our invention consists in securing the perforated plate placed
above the nitrate of soda, uitrate of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash
in position in the lower portion of the "converter" before the said lower portion
of the "converter" is placed in position below the "converter." This part of our
invention is shown more particularly in Figs. 6. 7. and 8. Fig. 9. is a vertical
section of the lower portion e of the "converter" which lower portion e consists of
a vessel formed of an iron casing e open at the top. The iron casing e² is provided
with a lining of fire-clay, fire-brick or other suitable refractory material. The
upper flange of the casing e² we form with parts et projecting inwards and
shown more particularly in Figs. 6. 7. and 9. The perforated plate shown
more particularly in Fig. 8 placed above the nitrate of soda nitrate of potash,
chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash, we form with ears or lugs which ears or
lugs when the perforated plate i is in position in the lower portion e as shown in
Figs. 6 and 9 are placed beneath the projecting parts et formed on the casing e³.
The perforated plate i rests upon a ledge or recess e formed in the lining e³ of the
lower portion e of the "converter." The perforated plate i is secured in position
by a packing of "loam," sand or clay placed between the ears or lugs of the
perforated plate i and the projecting parts e of the casing e² of the lower portion e
of the "converter."
፡፡
"
A further part of our invention consists in arrangements for transferring the
charge of metal contained in the lower portion of the converter to an open-
hearth"
or re-heating furnace, preferably a "gas" furnace, after the "conversion,"
so that the charge of metal may be heated so as to become sufficiently fluid to be
run into ingots.
G
According to this part of our invention we cause the lower portion of the
converter" after being removed from the "converter" to be moved along suitable
rails or in any other suitable manner to suitable hydraulic or other appliances by
which the said lower portion of the "converter" is tilted so that the charge of
metal contained therein will be caused to run or pass down a suitable spout,
pipe or channel into an "open hearth" or re-heating furnace, preferably a "gas
furnace."
This part of our invention is shown more particularly in Fig. 2.
j is an open hearth"
"
or a re-heating furnace, preferably a "gas furnace."
9, 9 are rails extending from the edge of the table to above a suitable spout, pipe
or channel leading into the interior of the re-heating furnace j.
When it is desired to transfer the charge of metal contained in the lower
portion e of the "converter" after such charge of metal has been "converted" the
truck and the lower portion e of the "converter "are moved along the rails g
until the lower portion e of the "converter" is in position above the spout, pipe or
channel and by suitable hydraulic or other appliances the said lower portion & of
the "converter" is tilted so that the charge of metal contained in the lower portion e
of the "converter" will be caused to run or pass down the spout, pipe or channel j¹
into the open hearth or re-heating furnace j.
According to a further part of our invention when the above described process
is used to produce a metal to be used as "wrought " iron or as a soft " "weldable"
steel the metal after being removed from the "converter" is transferred to a
re-heating furnace such for instance as a "blooming furnace" after which it is
passed to a shingling hammer and then to the rolling mill to be rolled into billets
or slabs or other forms suitable for further use.
64
**
3:
A further part of our invention consists in forming the nitrate of soda, nitrate
of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash used for the "conversion" of
pig" or cast iron into steel or "wrought iron into circular blocks or segments,
which circular blocks or segments are so constructed that they may be secured in
the lower portion of the converter" by means of wedges or other convenient
means. By forming the nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda, or
chlorate of potash into circular blocks, or segments as above described we prevent

page_text: the nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash from
being readily displaced by the metal
One method of performing this portion of our invention is shown in Figs. 10
and 11. Fig. 10 heing a plan and Fig. 11 an elevation of a quantity of nitrate of
sola, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash formed by any
suitable means into a seginental block k. We place a suitable number of the blocks k
in the lower portion of the "converter" as shown in Fig. 12 and secure such
blocks in position in the lower portion e of the "converter" by means of
wedges.
In another method of performing this part of our invention we form the nitrate
of soda, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash into circular blocks
similar to the block illustrated in Figs. 13 and 14 Fig. 13 being a plan and
Fig. 14 an elevation. A block such as 2 of nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash,
chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash is placed and secured in the lower portion e
of the converter" before such lower portion of the "converter" is placed in
position beneath the "converter" prior to the "conversion" of each charge of
metal. By forming the nitrate of soun, nitrate of potash chlorate of soda, or
chlorate of potash into circular blocks or segments as above described we prevent the
nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash from being
readily displaced by the metal and when the nitrate of soda, or nitrate of potash, or
chlorate of soda or chlorate of potash is so formed into circular blocks or segments
we do not employ a perforated plate placed above the nitrate of soda, or nitrate of
potash, or chlorate of soda or chlorate of potash such perforated plate being then
unnecessary.
་་
According to another method of subjecting the steel and other matters contained
in the lower portion of the "converter" above mentioned to the action of heat we
transfer the lower portion of the “ converter near to an opening formed in a
suitable reverberatory furnace preferably of the "regenerative" class and we raise
the lower portion of the "converter" into contact with the opening so as to form a
"joint therewith by means of a hydraulic ram or rams or by suitable mechanical
apparatus. The heat of the furnace playing" upon the contents of the lower
part of the "converter" will by increasing their teinperature allow the impurities
to separate from the steel. When the contents of the lower part of the
"converter" have been subjected to the heat for the length of time necessary the
steel may be "run" from the lower part of the "converter" into ingots or
otherwise treated or used.
་་
The manner of performing this portion of our invention is shown in Fig. 15.
which shows a vertical section of a furnace for heating the lower portion e of the
"converter."
The lower portion of the "converter" is by means of the truck run upon
the table h² of the hydraulic ram 1ª by means of which the upper edge of the lower
portion of the converter' is placed against the mouth of the furnace so that the
hented gasos passing along the flues will act upon the metal contained in the lower
portion of the converter. After the metal in the lower portion of the
converter has been sufficiently heated the lower portion of the 'converter'
is removed from the furnace.
A further part of our invention consists in arrangements of apparatus by which
we are enabled to recover certain useful by-products' which would otherwise
escape
from the upper portion of the 'converter during the time the conversion
is taking place.
'
In carrying this part of our invention into effect we provide the upper portion of
the 'converter' with a pipe or flue which lends to a suitable condensing chamber,
vessel, tank, or apparatus which chamber, vessel, tank, or apparatus may receive
and collect the products passing into it from the upper part of the 'converter.'
'
Communicating with the interior of the upper part of the converter³ d is a ‹
horizontal flue or pipe which communicates with a horizontal flue or pipe m

page_text: extending downward from which is a flue or pipe n which leads to the lower
part of a suitable condensing chamber, vessel, tank, or apparatus o.
We provide
the flue or pipe m with a valve p and we also provide the upper part of the
'converter with a valve g. When the valve p is closed and the valve 7 is open
the products from the converter'd will escape from the upper part of the
'converter & into the atmosphere.
If the valve y be closed and the valve p opened the products from the
'converter'd will pass along the pipe or flue m down the pipe or flue n and
into the condensing chamber, vessel tank or apparatus o. In some cases in order to
assist the deposition of the by-products' we cool the chamber vessel tank or
apparatus o in any suitable manner. For instance we may employ a pipe o¹
furnishing a shower or spray of water.
The pipes or flues m above referred to, we provide with suitable doors or
openings to enable matter deposited therein to be from time to time removed, one
of such doors being shown at r and with suitable safety valves similar to those
employed in the flues and passages of blast furnaces in order to prevent excessive
pressure being produced in such pipes or flues.
The water or other liquid or liquids employed in cooling the 'by-products' above
referred to which will dissolve a great part of such by-products' may be collected
in any suitable manner and afterwards treated in any suitable manner for the
recovery therefrom of the 'by-products contained therein.
The above described arrangements of apparatus are employed in the manner
which we will now describe. The pig-iron to be converted into steel or wrought-
iron is placed in the cupola furnacea and melted. A portion of the melted iron
from the cupola furnace a is allowed to run along the spout or trough into the
measuring receiver or vessel b. When a sufficient quantity of pig-iron has been
run from the cupola furnace a into the measuring receiver or vessel the supply
of metal from the cupola furnace « is shut off. The lower portion e of the
converter having been charged with the requisite quantity of nitrate of soda,
nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda or chlorate of potash is by means of the truck f
and rails run upon the table which table is then raised until the upper
edge of the lower portione of the 'converter is brought into contact with the
lower end of the upper part of the 'converter' d and secured thereto by means
of the clamps d' which are employed to secure the lower part e of the 'converter
to the upper part of the 'converter' d.
The plug or valve is then raised and the molten iron contained in the
measuring receiver or vessel is allowed to flow into the converter' d. The
molten iron passing through the perforations in the plate i arrives in contact with
the nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash, by
the action of which the cast iron is converted into steel or wrought iron according
to the quantity of nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of
potash which is employed as described in the Specification of the Patent granted
to the above named John Heaton dated May 3rd, 1867 and numbered 1295.
The gases vapours or other products resulting from the conversion of cast iron
into wrought iron or steel may be allowed to escape from the top of the 'converter'
into the atmosphere or by the valve y being closed and the valve p being opened
such gases, vapours, or other products are caused to pass along the pipes or
flues m, n into the condenser o in which a portion of the said gases, vapours or
other products is condensed.
By means of subsequent treatment certain useful by-products' may be recovered.
When the charge of cast iron in the lower portion e of the converter' has been
converted the clamps are removed or loosened and the table and lower
portion e of the 'converter' are lowered and either the charge contained in the
lower portion e of the 'converter' is poured into the re-heating furnace or the
lower portion e of the converter is placed in position in the furnace, as illustrated
in Fig. 15. The charge of metal poured out of or contained in the lower portion e
of the converter is then re-heated until the gaseous and other impurities which

page_text: remain incorporated with it at the time the process of conversion is completed
have oscaped therefrom or have become or been separated therefrom in the form
of a slag. After the charge of metal has been so re-heated it may either be
poured into an ingot mould or other suitable receptacle to be subsequently treated
in any required manner or be treated in any other suitable manner.
The arrangements of apparatus hereinbefore described enable the process
described in the Specification of the above mentioned Letters Patent dated
May 3rd, 1867 and numbered 1295 to be very readily carried out and enable
the said process to be performed with the employment of comparatively little
manual labour.
In the preceding description where use is made of the words wrought iron'
such words are not intended to mean iron which has actually been hammered
rolled or wrought, but a metal having a composition character and properties
similar to those of the metal onlinarily designated wrought iron.
We would have it understood that although we have simply referred to nitrate of
soda, chlorate of soda, nitrate of potash or chlorate of potash being employed to
convert cast iron into steel or wrought iron it is not advisable in practice to employ
the nitrate of soda, chlorate of soda, nitrate of potash or chlorate of potash alone,
as if such material be employed alone the re-actions taking place are so violent and
rapid that the process of conversion is rendered comparatively less efficient.
Therefore in order to prevent the molten metal from acting too rapidly upon the
nitrate of soda, chlorate of sola, nitrate of potash or chlorate of potash we mix
with such nitrate of soda, chlorate of soda, nitrate of potashi or chlorate of potash
soma material or materials which will serve as a diluent or diluents but will have
no injurious effect upon the steel or wrought iron produced. As instances of
materials suitable for use as diluents we would mention carbonate of sodium and
chloride of sodium.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is ;-
1. The use in the manufacture of steel and iron by means of a process herein-
before referred to, of the hereinbefore described apparatus, which consists in the
combination of a furnace such as a, a converter such as d provided with a lower
portion such use and a re-heating furnace such as j, all arranged in conjunction with
each other and with suitable hydraulic or other devices for enabling the lower
portion of the converter to be moved as required, in the manner and for the
purposes hereinbefore described.
2. In apparatus for use in the manufacture of steel and iron by means of the
process hereinbefore referred to, the employment of a fixed measuring receiver or
vessel such as employed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described in
reference to and indicated in and by the accompanying drawings and for the
purpose of having 'run' into it from the furnaco in which such iron has been
melted a charge or certain quantity of molten iron and of allowing such charge
or certain quantity of molten iron to flow into the 'converter.'
3. In-apparatus for the in- the manufacture of steel and iron by means of the
process hereinbefore-referred to the employment of the lower portion of the
Leonverter mounted upon a track which by means of wheels and rails-en-be
conducted-and-placed beneath the upper part of the 'converter and upon the table
of a hydraulic ram or other suitable means so that such lower portion of the
Leonverter which at the commencement of the operation of conversion contains
the charge of nitrate of soda, nitrate-of-potash, chlorate of such or chlorate of
potash-to-be-employed-in-the-operation of conversion' may-be-readily-placed-and
secured in position beneath the upper part of the converter.
4. In-apparatus for use in the manufacture of steel and iron by means of the
process hereinbefore referred to, the employment of the hereinbefore described
arrangements for securing the perforated plate placed above the nitrate of sodu,

page_text: nitrate of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash in position in the lower
part of the "converter" before such lower part of the converter is placed in
position below the "couverter" which arrangements consist in cars or lugs formed
on the said perforated plate and cars or lugs formed on the upper flange of the
easing of the lower part of the "converter- and arranged and employed in
conjunction with each other substantially in the manner hereinbefore-described-in
reference to and indiented in and by the necompanying drawings.
66
"
23
may be
53. In apparatus for use in the manufacture of steel and iron by means of the
process herein before referred to, the employment of the hereinbefore described
arrangements for transferring the charge of metal contained in the lower portion
of the "converter" to a re-heating furnace in order that such metal may be made
sufficiently fluid to be run into ingots which arrangements consist in the
provision of suitable rails or other suitable means and suitable hydraulic or other
appliances by means of which the lower portion of the "converter
removed from beneath the "converter" and tilted so that the charge of metal
contained in it will be caused to run or pass down a suitable spout, pipe or channel
into an "open hearth" or re-heating furnace substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. The use in the manufacture of steel and iron by means of the process herein-
before referred to, of secured blocks or segments formed of nitrate of soda, nitrate
of potash, chlorate of soda, or chlorate of potash and arranged to be secured in the
lower portion of the "converter "substantially as hereinbefore-described.
In apparatus for use in the manufacture of steel and iron by means of the
process hereinbefore referred to, the employment of the hereinbefore-described
arrangements illustrated in Fig. 15 of the accompanying drawings according to
which arrangements the lower portion of the "converter" is placed near and
caused to form a joint with a suitable reverberatory furnace in order that the
charge of metal contained in such lower portion of the " converter " may be
re-heated.
S. In apparatus for use in the manufacture of steel and iron by means of the
process hereinbefore referred to, the employment of the hereinbefore described
arrangements of apparatus by menus of which the useful by products" which
would otherwise esente from the upper portion of the converter" during the
time the conversion" is taking place may be recovered which arrangements
consist us is indiented in Fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the necompanying drawings in pijes
or Aues communienting at one end with the interior of the upper portion of the
"converter" and at the other end with a suitable-condensing-chamber, vessel, tank
or uttaratus to receive and collect the products tussing into it from the upper
converter."
Hart of th
Dated this Twenty-fourth day of January 1891.
W. T. CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicants.