IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR GIVING A SLOW ROTATORY MOTION TO THE BOTTOMS OF OVENS, TO FRAMES OR SUPPORTS FOR EXHIBITING ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES, AND IN FRAMES OR SUPPORTS TO BE ACTUATED BY THE SAID MECHANISM
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Bennett, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MECHANISM FOR GIVING A SLOW ROTATORY MOTION TO THE BOTTOMS OF OVENS,
TO FRAMES OR SUPPORTS FOR EXHIBITING ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS, AND
FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES, AND IN FRAMES OR SUPPORTS TO BE ACTUATED BY
THE SAID MECHANISM."
Sealed the 11th April 1871, and dated the 27th October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Bennett at:
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th October 1870.
I, ALFRED BENNETT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
5 Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR GIVING A SLOW ROTATORY MOTION TO THE
BOTTOMS OF OVENS, TO FRAMES OR SUPPORTS FOR EXHIBITING ARTICLES IN SHOP

page_text: WINDOWS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES, AND IN FRAMES OR SUPPORTS TO BE
ACTUATED BY THE SAID MECHANISM," to be as follows:-
In constructing the said mechanism according to my Invention I
connect with a coiled spring in a spring box a train of wheels terminating
in a flyer, which flyer by the resistance of the air prevents the rapid
running down of the spring. On the side of one of the spur wheels of
the train of wheels I form a crown wheel, the teeth of which crown
wheel take into a pinion fixed on a vertical axis. This vertical axis
terminates in a hardened steel point, and the bottom of the oven or
frame or support is supported upon this point, a horizontal arm con-
nected with the axis communicating the rotatory motion. In order to
preserve the horizontal position of the oven in cases where it is not
balanced by the articles placed upon it, a frame heavily loaded is
attached to the under side of the said bottom; or the said frame may
be dispensed with, and the bottom of the oven supported on rollers.
Where there is command of a draught the spring barrel may be dis-
pensed with, and the required motion be given to the train of wheels
by a fan placed in the said draught and geared to the said train of
wheels, the order of the train of wheels is in this case inverted. When
rotation has to be given to a frame or support situated principally below
the point of suspension, such as frames for exhibiting articles in shop
windows, I construct the said frames or supports in the following
manner: I make the frame or support of a series of annular shelves
or stages connected together by uprights or vertical bars, which are
self-binding, so that the frame can be put together and taken to pieces
for convenience of carriage or otherwise without the use of screws, nails,
or other fastenings. To effect this I make the bottom ends of the said
uprights or bars take into slots in the bottom shelf or stage, the extreme
lower end of each bar being so inclined that when the several bars are
made at their upper ends to approach each other their said bottom ends
are locked in the said slots. The upper ends of the bars take into slots
in a small circular disk, and the bars are locked in this position by
dropping the other anṇular shelves or stages upon them, steps on the
Instead
said bars supporting the several shelves at the required heights.
of a continuous rotatory motion an alternating rotatory motion may be
given to the ovens, frames, or other articles by the use of escapements
similar to those used in roasting jacks.
=

page_text: t
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Bennett in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
BENNETT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters. Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Alfred Bennett, Her special licence that I,
the said Alfred Bennett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Alfred Bennett,, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use,, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM. FOR
GIVING A SLOW ROTATORY MOTION TO THE BOTTOMS OF OVENS, TO FRAMES. OR
SUPPORTS FOR EXHIBITING ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE.
PURPOSES, AND IN FRAMES OR SUPPORTS TO BE ACTUATED BY THE SAID MECHANISM,"
upon the condition. (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Bennett, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Bennett, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to, be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
In constructing the said mechanism according to my Invention I
connect with a coiled spring in a spring box a train of wheels termi-
nating in a flyer, which flyer by the resistance of the air prevents the
rapid running down of the spring.
On the side of one of the spur
wheels of the train of wheels I form a crown wheel, the teeth of which

page_text: crown wheel take into a pinion fixed on a vertical axis. This vertical
axis terminates in a hardened steel point, and the bottom of the oven or
frame or support is supported upon this point, a horizontal arm con-
nected with the axis communicating the rotatory motion. In order to
preserve the horizontal position of the oven in cases where it is not
balanced by the articles placed upon it, a frame heavily loaded is
attached to the under side of the said bottom.. Or the said frame may
be dispensed with and the bottom of the oven supported on rollers.
Where there is a command of a draught the spring may be dispensed
with and the required motion be given to the train of wheels by a fan
placed in the said draught, the order of the train of wheels is in this
oase inverted. When rotation has to be given to a frame or support
situated principally below the point of suspension, such as frames for
exhibiting articles in shop windows, I construct the said frames or
supports in the following manner :-I make the frame or support of a
series of annular shelves or stages connected together by uprights or
vertical bars which are self binding, so that the frame can be readily
put together and taken to pieces for convenience of carriage or otherwise,
To effect this. I make the bottom ends of the said uprights or bars take
into slots in the bottom shelf or stage, and make the upper ends take
into slots in a small circular disk, and the bars are locked in this position
by dropping the other annular shelves or stages upon them, steps on the
said bars supporting the several shelves at the required heights. Instead
of a continuous rotatory motion an alternately rotatory motion may be
given to the ovens, frames, or other articles by the use of escapements
similar to those used in roasting jacks.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in front elevation, and Figure 2 in vertical section
a portion of an ordinary cooking range, to the oven of which one part
of my Invention is applied, Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, represent parts of
my Invention drawn to a larger scale as herein-after described. The
same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6.
a is the fire-grate of the range, and b is the oven; 62 is a compartment
or chamber below the oven, the said oven and compartment being
divided by the horizontal plates c, c, an air space d being left between

page_text: them. In the oven 6 is the rotating oven bottom e, upon which the
food or articles to be cooked or baked are placed. The said oven bottom. e.
is supported upon the antifriction rollers f bearing upon the fixed upper.
plate or division c of the oven. The oven bottom e is represented on a
larger scale in plan of under side and side elevation in Figure 3 and
plan of upper side and section in Figure 4. The compartment or
chamber 62 below the oven communicates by the box g and pipes h, i,
with the chimney of the range. The said compartment or chamber 62
is closed to the external air except by the small jointed door k at the
front of the range (see Figure 1.) By opening the said door k more or
less the draught through the chamber and box g may be regulated.
In the box g is the mechanism for giving a slow rotatory motion to the
oven bottom e.
Ρ
The said mechanism is shown separately on a larger scale in clevation
and plan in Figure 5. The said mechanism consists of a train of
toothed wheels driven by the fan l, the said fan being worked by the
draught passing through the chamber bª. The fan is shown separately
on a larger scale in plan and section in Figure 6. The said fan consists
of a ring or band of metal within which is a series of inclined blades or
vanes situated radially as represented. On the axis of the said fan / is
a pinion which gears with the spur wheel m, and a pinion on the axis
of the said wheel m gears with a spur wheel » on the vertical axis to
the top of which axis p the oven bottom e is connected, the top of the
said axis p taking into a bush p² in the middle of the said oven bottom
as best seen in Figure 4. By means of a socket p³ the upper part of
the axis p and oven bottom e can be removed without interfering with
the rotating mechanism in the box g. By raising the door k air passes
through the air chamber 6, box g, and pipes h, i, into the chimney, the
draught produced giving rotation to the fan l, and the latter through the
train of wheels m, n, and axis p, giving a slow rotatory motion to the
oven bottom e. Instead of giving rotation to the oven bottom by means
of a fan worked by a draught as described and represented, a spring
may give motion to the train of wheels.
In this case an arrangement of parts substantially the same as that
herein-after described for giving a slow rotatory motion to a suspended
frame or support may be employed.
Figure 7 represents in elevation mechanism constructed according to
my Invention for giving a slow rotatory motion to a frame or support

page_text: for exhibiting articles, in shop, windows and for other like purposes, the
said mechanism being represented in combination with a frame or
support constructed, according to my Invention..
Figure 8; represents in elevation and Figure 9. in plan the said
mechanism drawn of the full size. The said mechanism consists, of a
coiled spring in the spring box a giving motion to a train of toothed wheels.
The axis or arbor on which the spring is coiled carries the spur or toothed
wheel c,, motion from which is transmitted by the pinion d to the second
spur or toothed wheel e,, on the side of which wheel e is a crown wheel ƒ.
The rapid running down of the spring upon the axis.b is prevented by
the flyer g connected by the wheels.,. i, with the spur wheel e, a pinion
on the axis of the wheel & gearing with the said spur wheel e.. The
framing has fixed to it a screw box m in which the screwed end of the
vertical axis n is screwed.. The said vertical axis n,. (shown separately
' in Figure 10,) terminates in a hardened steel point marked n², upon
which point the frame or support p, p, 1², p³, is, suspended. Rotatory
motion is communicated from the crown wheelf to the suspended
frame or support by means of the horizontal arm, q, having at one end
a hollow pinion » which gears with the said crown wheel f. The said
horizontal arm and pinion q, %, are shown detached from the machine
of the full size in Figure 11. The said pinion turns upon the fixed
vertical axis n as a centre and the arm q of the said pinion is connected
to the frame or support p, p,p², p³, by being passed through the loop
or eyes fixed to the said frame or support..
The said frame or support is connected to the machine in the following:
manner: The vertical suspending axis n is first screwed into its screw
box m by the key, Figure 12. The hollow pinion of the horizontal
arm q is next placed upon the axis n and geared with the crown wheel f
The frame or support p, p', p², p³, is next placed over the machine and
the horizontal arm q, passed through the eye or loops of the frame and
the said frame is next depressed so as to make the hardened steel sus-
pending point n² take into a hole in or rest upon the hardened steel
plate p at the summit of the frame or support. The spring of the
machine being now wound upon its axis by the key, Figure 13, the
machine is set in motion and a slow rotatory motion is transmitted
through the crown wheel f, pinion », and arm q to the suspended frame
or support, the said frame or support turning on the point of suspension
at n². Where an alternating rotatory motion is to be given to the oven

page_text: or frame, escapements similar to those used in bottle or roasting jacks
are combined with the machine.
I construct and combine the parts of the frame or support Figure 7
in the manner represented in side elevation in Figure 14, plan of under
side in Figure 15, and plan of upper side in Figure 16. The said frame
or support consists of a series of annular shelves or stages p', p², p³,
and circular disk p', connected together by the uprights or inclined
bars p. To one of the bars p the eye or loop s is fixed, through which
the horizontal arm q passes. The outer sides of the uprights or bars p are
provided with steps p³, (see Figure 14) for supporting the shelves p², p²,
at the required heights. The parts of the frame or support are connected
together in the following manner:-The supports or bars p are first
connected to the bottom shelf p¹ by inserting the tenons or projecting
ends p into the slots or mortices in the said bottom shelf, the said ends
being fastened in their places by the hook fastenings t, t, as shown in
Figures 14 and 15. The circular disk p' is next fitted upon the tops of
the bars p, the top ends of the said bars being inclined and taking into
slots in the said disk. The shelves or stages p², p², in the order of their
size are next dropped in succession upon the steps p³ of the bars p. By
the fitting of the shelves or stages p³ upon the uprights or bars p the
said bars are pressed inwards and their inclined upper ends are made to
seat themselves firmly against the inclined ends of the slots in the
disk p'. The several shelves or stages are thus bound firmly together.
The frame or support is completed by fixing the top shelf p3 by means
of a screw pin to the disk p².
By constructing and combining the parts of frames or supports in the
manner described the frame or support can be put together and taken
to pieces for convenience of carriage with ease and with little loss of
time.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details herein-described and illus-
trated as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
my Invention; but I claim as my Invention, —
Firstly. Giving a slow rotatory motion to the bottoms of ovens by
means of a train of toothed wheels geared to and driven by a fan, the
said fan being worked by a draught, the parts being arranged and

page_text: combined substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 1 to 6 both inclusive of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. Giving a slow rotatory motion to the bottoms of ovens and
to frames or supports for exhibiting articles in shop windows, and for
other like purposes by means of a train of toothed wheels driven by a
spring, one of the spur wheels of the train having a crown wheel
formed on one face, with which crown wheel a pinion on a vertical.
axis gears, a rotatory motion being given to the oven or frame, or article,
suspended upon the pointed end of the said vertical axis by means of a
horizontal arm, the parts being arranged and worked substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, of.
the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. Constructing frames or supports to be actuated by the said
mechanism of a series of annular shelves or stages, and uprights or
vertical bars arranged, combined, and connected together substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 7, 14, 15, and 16,
of the accompanying Drawings..
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Bennett, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
ALFRED BENNETT. (L.S.)