IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS :1 FOR PREPARING JUTE
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Morrison, of Perth, in the County of Perth, North
Britain, Mill Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS
:1 FOR PREPARING JUTE." :
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1
Sealed the 28th February 1879, and dated the 9th September 1878.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Morrison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1878.
JOHN MORRISON, of Perth, in the County of Perth, North Britain, Mill Manager.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS FOR PREPARING JUTE."
This Invention relates to compounds, comprising oleaginous and other substances,
to be used as improved and economical substitutes for the simple oil ordinarily
employed in preparing jute by what is known as the "batching" process.
In making an improved jute-preparing compound by this Invention according to
one modification three cisterns are used, and in No. 1 cistern 90 gallons of water
are put, and heated to the boiling point. To the water 16 pounds soda crystals
(carbonate of soda) and 6 pounds fresh lime are added, and boiling is continued for
an hour, and the mixture is. then allowed to settle..
An equivalent quantity of caustic soda or potash may be used instead of the soda
crystals and lime. In No. 2 cistern 70 gallons of water are put, and 40 pounds of
caragheen or Irish moss, which is allowed to steep for a few hours.
Instead of the Irish moss, or of part of it, any other seeweed having a similar
composition and action may be used. The clear liquor from No. 1 cistern is then
run into No. 2 cistern, and the mixture is heated to the boiling point, on attaining
which 18 pounds soda crystals are added, and thereafter the boiling is continued for
about 6 hours, more water being added, so as to bring the whole quantity up to
240 gallons. This produces one making of what is herein-after termed the primary
compound.
The primary compound, after straining or settling, is let down into No. 3 cistern,
and therein mixed with 50 gallons of a suitable and inexpensive fish oil, such as

page_text: seal oil or whale oil, and with 10 gallons of a non-volatile mineral oil, such as what
is known as "lubricating" mineral oil. The whole is well mixed and incorporated,
and it is of advantage to add a little oleic or analogous acid, which tends to render
the union of the ingredients more permanent.
According to a second modification the same primary compound is mixed with
100 pounds tallow and 15 gallons mineral oil, to which a little oleic or analogous
acid may also be added.
According to a third modification the same primary compound is mixed with
10 gallons, fish oil, 12 gallons mineral oil, and 90 pounds tallow, to which a little
oleic or analogous acid may also be added.
When tallow is used, as in the second and third modifications, it must first be
melted, and the primary compound must be hot when the mixture is being
effected.
.
According to a fourth modification 50 gallons water and 12 pounds linseed are
put into a fourth cistern, and the linseed is allowed to steep for about 10 hours, a
little bicarbonate of soda being added. Half the clear liquor from No. 1 cistern is
afterwards run into No. 4 cistern, and the mixture is boiled for 2 hours, after which
it is transferred to No. 3 cistern, along with half the quantity of the primary com-
pound used in the other modifications, and the mixture thus formed is to be boiled
for two hours. To the compound thus formed some fish oil may be added, and it is
advisable in all cases to add some mineral oil.
The proportion of ingredients and the times of steeping and boiling herein-before
stated are believed to be such as to yield the best results, but they need not be
strictly adhered to, as moderate variations from them will not materially alter the
.compounds.
:
"
When jute is prepared with any of the improved compounds herein-before
described it does not require to lie in batches or heaps as in the ordinary "batching'
process.
The improved compounds may be applied to the jute as it is entering the me-
chanical softener, being allowed to drop thereon in any convenient way; and when
thus applying it there is at the same time, by preference, also supplied a small
quantity of a suitable anti-mildew solution, such as that known as Townsend's.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Morrison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th March
1879.
JOHN MORRISON, of Perth, in the County of Perth, North Britain, Mill Manager.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS FOR PREPARING JUTE."
My said Invention relates to compounds, comprising oleaginous and other sub-
stances, to be used as improved and economical substitutes for the simple oil
ordinarily employed in preparing jute by what is known as the "batching" process,
or by any other process having the same object.
In making an improved jute-preparing compound by my said Invention, according
to one modification, three cisterns are used, and in No. 1 cistern 90 gallons of water
are put and heated to the boiling point. To the water 16 pounds soda crystals (car-
bonate of soda) and 5 pounds fresh lime are added, and boiling is continued for an
hour, and the mixture is then allowed to settle.
Instead of the soda crystals and lime there may be used an equivalent quantity
of soda ash and lime, or of pearl ash and lime, or of carbonate of potash and lime,
or of caustic soda, or of caustic potash. In No. 2 cistern 70 gallons of water are
put, and 40 pounds of caragheen or Irish moss, which is allowed to steep for a few
hours.
Instead of the caragheen, or of part of it, any other seaweed having a similar
composition and action may be used. The clear liquor from No. 1 cistern is then
run into No. 2 cistern, and the mixture is heated to the boiling point, on attaining
which 18 pounds soda crystals are added, and thereafter the boiling is continued for
about 6 hours, more water being added if necessary to bring the whole quantity up
to 240 gallons. This produces one making of what is herein-after termed the primary
compound.
•
It is convenient to heat up the mixture by means of steain introduced through a
perforated pipe, and when this is done the water due to condensation of the steam
goes so far to make up the desired total quantity. Any other convenient mode of
heating may however be adopted.
The primary compound after straining or settling is let down or transferred into
No. 3 cistern, and therein mixed with 50 gallons of a suitable and inexpensive fish
oil, such as seal oil or whale oil, and with 10 gallons of a non-volatile mineral, oil,
such as that known as "lubricating" mineral oil. The whole is well mixed and
incorporated, and it is of advantage to add a small quantity (say, 14 gallons) of
oleic or analogous acid, which tends to render the union of the ingredients more
permanent.
According to a second modification the same primary compound is mixed with
100 pounds tallow and 15 gallons non-volatile mineral oil, to which a small quantity
of oleic or analogous acid may also be added.
According to a third modification the same primary compound is mixed with*
18 gallons whale, seal, or other fish oil, with 10 to 20 gallons non-volatile mineral
oil, and with 90 pounds tallow, to which a small quantity of oleic or analogous acid
may also be added.
When tallow is used, as in the second and third modifications, it must first
be melted, and the primary compound must be hot when the mixture is being
effected.
According to a fourth modification 50 gallons water and 12 pounds linseed are
put into a cistern, which for distinction may be termed No. 4 cistern, and the
linseed is allowed to steep for about 10 hours, a small quantity, say, pound, bi-
carbonate of soda or of potash being added. Half the clear liquor from No. 1
cistern is afterwards run into No. cistern, and the mixture is boiled for 2 hours,
after which it is transferred to No. 3 cistern, along with half as much as the primary
compound as is herein-before directed to be used in the first modification (such half
quantity being conveniently made with the second half of the clear liquor from

page_text: No. 1 cistern). The mixture thus formed is boiled for two hours, the total quantity
being made up to 240 gallons either wholly or partly by. the condensation of steam
injected into it, or by the addition of water otherwise. To the compound thus
formed some fish oil may be added; and it is advisable in all cases to add from 10
to 20 gallons non-volatile mineral oil.
The proportions of the ingredients and the times of steeping and boiling herein-
before stated are to the best of my knowledge and present belief such as to yield
the best results, but they need not be strictly adhered to, as moderate variations
'from them will not materially alter the compounds.
In the first and third modifications considerable variation may be made, provided
that caragheen or other seaweed and fish oil, or seaweed and mineral oil, are retained
as essential ingredients.
'
"
When jute is prepared with any of my improved compounds herein-before
described, it does not require to lie in batches or heaps as in the ordinary "batching
*process..
Any of my improved compounds may be applied to the jute as it is entering the
mechanical softener, being allowed to drop thereon in any convenient way, some
water being also sprinkled or dropped on at the same time, as is usually done when
using simple oil.
"
If found necessary any suitable anti-mildew solution, such as that known as
Townsend's, may be added with the water; such addition has not however been
found necessary in the practical use of my compounds up to the present time.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner of per
forming the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise details
herein-before described, and that I do not claim the use of any of the ingredients
separately, but that what I believe to be novel and original, and claim as the In-
vention secured to me by and in terms of the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
1. The improved compound for preparing jute-made of the ingredients, and sub-
stantially in the manner herein-before described, as constituting the first modifi--
cation.
2. The improved compound for preparing jute made of the ingredients, and
substantially in the manner herein-before described, as constituting the second
modification.
3. The improved compound for preparing jute made of the ingredients, and
substantially in the manner herein-before described, as constituting the third
modification.
4. The improved compound for preparing jute made of the ingredients, and
substantially in the manner herein-before described, as constituting the fourth
modification.
5. The employment of seaweed and fish oil together in compounds for preparing
jute as herein-before described.
6. The employment of seaweed and mineral oil together in compounds for
paring jute, as herein-before described.
pre
In witness whereof, I, the said John Morrison, have hereunto set my hand.
and seal, this Sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.
JOHN MORRISON. (L.S.) .