matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOISTING GooDs
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Nathaniel Pengelly and
William Byron at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th May 1862.
We, THOMAS NATHANIEL PENGELLY and WILLIAM BYRON, both of Charlotte
Street, Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOISTING
GooDs," to be as follows:-
We mount a traversing nut on a long screw fitted to rotate in suitable
bearings; this screw has rather a rapid pitch and traverses the nut when
rotated, the nut being fitted in a suitable bar or piece which traverses on
guides. To this traversing bar we attach a rope or chain, the other end of
which is wound on a barrel, on the same axis of which is fixed a larger barrel
or drum on which the hoisting rope or chain is wound and the end fixed. The
one rope or chain winds in the opposite direction to that of the other, so
that when tractive force is applied to unwind the one it winds up the other
and so hoists the goods. Motion is communicated to the screw by means of
steam or any other power transmitted through suitable toothed gearing and
catches, whereby the screw may be thrown in or out of gear at pleasure. In
hoisting by this apparatus the travelling nut and its carrying bar, on com-
pleting the necessary lift of the goods, strike against a lever, which operates a
clutch fork mounted on the same axis, and so withdraws the gearing driving
the screw, leaving it free. At the same time that the traversing bar disen-

page_text: gages the gear by the clutch it throws a weighted brake on to the drum
winding up the hoisting rope, which holds the goods hoisted in the elevated
position until the attendant relieves the weighted brake by treading on a board
or other contrivance, which raises the weight and relieves the brake, when the
goods are free to descend. When the goods are liberated from the lifting
rope or emptied from a basket hanging thereto, the weight of the basket or
other suspended weight causes the apparatus to overhaul or run back, the
screw and traversing nut and bar retrograding in the operation. When it is
desired to effect the next lift the attendant pulls a cord, which causes the
catch holding the clutch fork to release it and so throw the driving gear again
into operation, when the operation is repeated.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF AND INSTRUMENTS POR OBTAINING DISTANCES AND HEIGHTS, AND DISTANCES BETWEEN DISTANT OBJECTS, WITHOUT COMPUTATION
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James List at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August 1862.
I, JAMES LIST, of Carisbrooke, in the Isle of Wight, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF AND INSTRUMENTS
POR OBTAINING DISTANCES AND HEIGHTS, AND DISTANCES BETWEEN DISTANT OBJECTS,
WITHOUT COMPUTATION," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of, first, an instrument made of wood and brass, with
hinges to fold into a suitable size for carrying in the pocket. When in use it is
opened out in the form of a square. It is provided with two small fore sights,
and a back sight hinged to a moveable slide; a small stand with a socket
connects it to a rifle while piled, or to a common tripod. For taking the
quantity of an angle, a line of tangent divisions (the radius being twenty
inches) are marked on the sliding part, and also above it on the fixed part; on
the other or lower part there are proportional divisions with numbers to indi-
cate at sight the distance of an object. There is also a table of figures for
giving the height or distance between two objects at a distance, according to
the number of degrees and minutes subtended in the observation. An extended
scale is also provided to shew more accurately the long distance. Secondly,
the instrument in the form of a drawing board or table top is applicable for
the use of ships of war, and made to ship and unship for putting away when
not required, and provided with bearing for a telescope in additions to the other
sights, so that the common sights or the telescope can be used at pleasure.

page_text: What I therefore claim as my Invention, and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,―
First, the structure of the instruments as above set forth, and which will
be more fully explained in my Complete Specification.
And, secondly, the principle of calculating angles as shewn upon such 5
instruments for the purpose of solving trigonometrical problems or angles taken
by other instruments.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ZINC
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Healey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1862.
I, SAMUEL HEALEY, of Elizabeth Street, Hackney Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ZINC," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing the furnaces employed in the
melting and the annealing of zinc in close proximity to each other, 'so that
the process of annealing may be effected by means of the waste heat escaping
from the melting furnace. The melting furnace is constructed on the
reverberatory principle, and is so arranged that the contents, when melted,
may be tapped or drawn off into moulds, which moulds are carried along under
the tap-hole to receive the desired quantity of metal, and then they travel on
to what are known as the breaking-down rollers. The moulds are so con-
structed that so soon as they have received the required quantity of metal
from the furnace they will tilt or balance, and thereby indicate that the
requisite or desired amount of metal has been received. The breaking-down,
moulding, and finishing are performed by rolling both ways, and gradually
creasing the space in such a manner as not to harden or split the metal.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING SCREW BOLTS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Titus Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1862.
I, TITUS SMITH, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist and
Bolt Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING SCREW BOLTS AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My improved machinery is particularly applicable for shaping screw bolts,
but it may be employed for other purposes. The cutting tool for shaping the
body of the bolt and squaring the bolt head consists of a steel die with a hole
through it of the diameter of the screw bolt, and one end is furnished with
cutting edges. The head of the bolt to be operated upon is held in a chuck
attached to a spindle, to which motion is given by steam or other power, and
the cutting tool is pressed against the screw bolt by a rod acted upon by
levers and weight. When the cutting tool is being pressed against the screw
bolt the inner cutting edges reduce the body of the bolt to its proper diameter, .
and when the cutting edges come against the bolt head they square it up. As
soon as the operation is completed, the attendant, by acting ou a lever,
draws the cutting tool away from the screw bolt, which is then taken out of
the chuck and another one put in its place to be operated upon in the same
The point of the screw bolt is then operated upon by a countersunk
cutter, somewhat like the tool known as a rosebit, and a similar instrumient

page_text: is employed for rounding up or polishing the heads of the bolts. These
instruments are successively pressed against the point and head of the screw
bolt, which is held in a revolving chuck, or the cutting instrument may
revolve, and the bolt or other article may be stationary. The shape of the
cutting instrument may be made to suit the article to be operated upon;
and I wish it to be understood that studs, rivets, and various other articles
may be shaped by similar machinery. .
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF BUTTONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eliza Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 14th July
1862.
I, ELIZA TAYLOR, of No. 167, Regent Street, London, W., do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BUTTONS," to be as follows:-
The manner of fastening on buttons without sewing. The shank of the button
to be separate from the face of the button, and to be passed through a hole
in the centre of the button, it having a head or other projection to prevent its
passing through entirely; such moveable shank to be of hollow tubing or solid
metal, or other material, such shank to pass through the stuff to which the
button is to be attached, and having a small metal or other plate put over it,
to be pressed or rivetted or screwed so as to prevent its drawing through; also
a raised shoulder or collar to attach or hold a second plate to press the
material holding the button. This principle is also applicable to shanks fixed
to the button, and not moveable. Also the arrangement of a press punch or die
for fixing on such buttons. In the case of some buttons having a back the
shank would only pass through a hole in the centre of the back of the button
the front being covered with solid metal, bone, wood, silk, cloth, or other
material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DETECTOR. SEASON OR NON- TRANSFERABLE TICKETS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Harris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
May 1862.
I, CHARLES JAMES HARRIS, of 20, King William Street, Charing Cross, in
the County of Middlesex, Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DETECTOR. SEASON OR NON-
TRANSFERABLE TICKETS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the prevention of the fraudulent use of
non-transferable tickets by persons other than those entitled to use them, and
consists in the application to or combination with each of such tickets of a
photograph portrait of the holder thereof, instead of the usual. signature, for.
the purpose of identifying such holder.
The season or non-transferable ticket under my. Invention will' thus consist
of an ordinary "carte de visite" or photographic portrait of the holder of the
ticket, combined with an impression of an official seal or other indication of*
authority adopted by the society or individual granting the ticket. The mode-
of combining the "carte de visite" with the said official indication may be
varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ebenezer Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th September 1862.
I, JOSEPH EBENEZER WALKER, of King Street, Old Ford Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in or has reference to signalling from a station or
other place on the line of railway by sounding a whistle or alarum (or a bell)
attached to the engine or other point of the train if desired, and for which I
now prefer to use the following arrangements:-I have a post or standard at
the side of the railway, and sufficiently near to the rail for the purpose here-
after mentioned; the said post being provided with a moveable bar, arm,
lever, or projecting piece attached thereto, to which is connected a wire, chain,
or cord passing over pulleys, and carried to station or point where a railway
attendant can, by actuating the same, move the said moveable bar, arm, lever,
or projecting piece, when required to signal, and whereby the same may be
brought back again against the post or standard, when the position "at rest"
is required simply by the attendant adopting a reverse movement. The said
bar, arm, lever, or projecting piece is to be so much elevated above the
height of the rail that it shall be in a position to lift or act upon a moving
bar, arm, lever, catch, or projecting piece attached to the front of the
engine, or to other point in the train of carriages, and by such lifting or

page_text: acting upon the said bar, arm, lever, catch, or projecting piece will thus act
upon arrangements consisting of a chain, wire, or cord passing over pulleys
and connected at its other end to the handle or top of the steam whistle; or
these arrangements would set agoing the alarum or bell, and sound the same
when connected with such arrangements. If found desirable this Invention
might be placed in connexion and worked in conjunction with the ordinary
signal post; and further, I should recommend that posts be placed at
intervals along the line, each having a projecting arm attached similar to that
first herein described, or to which one might be applied so as to act on the
aforesaid moving arm on the engine, and after an accident the guard or train
attendant might put or set in position the arm on the post preceding the
point of danger or emergency ready to signal to the next train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Culling at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August
1862.
I, CHARLES CULLING, of Downham Market, in the County of Norfolk, Gun
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
First, to render fire-arms less liable to be discharged by accident, apparatus
is applied to a fire-arm in such manner as to hold or retain the hammer or
trigger or parts interposed between them, so that the fire-arm shall not be
discharged till the cheek of the person using the fire-arm is pressed on to the
stock in the act of looking along the barrel or barrels in taking aim; with this
object, a cheek rest or cushion is applied to that part of a stock of a fire-arm,
against which the cheek of the person when aiming is pressed; the rest or
cushion is constantly pressed outwards by the action of a spring, and is in con-
nection with a bolt, catch, or detent, which acts on and retains the hammer or
trigger or other parts of the lock from movement until the rest or cushion is
depressed by the cheek pressing upon it, and then the motion of the rest or
cushion is communicated to the bolt, catch, or detent, which moves so as to
leave the lock free to act. The rest or cushion is fixed to a rod or to the end
of a lever, which passes into the interior of the stock, and such rod or lever is
connected with the bolt, catch, or detent by suitable connecting rods or parts.
Or the same action may be carried to the butt plate, so that instead of

page_text: pressing the cheek upon the spring or cushion as above, the pressure comes
from the shoulder in the ordinary position for aiming, and the cushion for the
cheek is dispensed with. Upon the butt plate or other parts of the work is
fixed one or more bolts, balls, or catches, so that in a loading position tho
action is made void until brought into a "horizontal" aiming position, when
the bolt, ball, or catch will fall and allow the gun to be discharged by the
pressure from the shoulder and pulling the trigger; when applied to rifles the
cheek rest or cushion may be made adjustable, so as to be easily raised and
adapted to the height of the sight, according to the range which may be
required, and in this case the rest is made of wood or metal connected by a
steel or metal slide to the raising sight on the barrels, so when shooting at a
short distance the rest is let in flush with the stock, the sight is also flat upon
the barrel.
By raising the sight for any distance the action causes the rest to rise in the
same proportion from the stock, so that the cheek rests upon it as upon the
stock shooting at short distances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES POR STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Calow and John William
Hirst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th February 1862.
We, CHARLES CALOW, of Newton Heath, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Pattern Maker, and JOHN WILLIAM HIRST, of the City of Manchester,
aforesaid, Machinist, do hereby declare the. nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES POR STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improved modes of equalizing the pressure of the
steam or fluid on the valve, so that it may be moved to and fro with ease, and
at the same time be perfectly tight. In the inside of the valve box, and at
the top of the slide, there is a plate equal to the surface of the valve, and at
the top of this plate there is another plate acted upon by adjusting screws,
eccentrics, or cams, so as to keep the valve tight, but exert no pressure. In
the second plate, opposite the induction ports, there are recesses or spaces
which allow the steam or fluid to pass to the top of the slide to an extent equal
to the area of the port, and in the valve there are holes for enabling the
steam or fluid to pass back again into the exhaust, which arrangement causes
an equilibrium of pressure during the entire stroke, and enables the valve to
be worked with ease.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORED INKS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1862. A communication from abroad by Mr. Annet Jacques Nadaud,
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Merchant.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORED INKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of red, blue,
green, or violet inks from fuschine or aniline. For this purpose I dissolve a
certain quantity of aniline or fuschine, according to the color of the ink
desired to be obtained, in a suitable volume of water; I then brighten the
solution by means of alcohol, and thicken it with sugar or gum. The ink is
then ready for use. The same bases derived from tar may be transformed by
known processes into blue and green colors; and I employ such colors resulting
from the transformation of aniline for the manufacture of blue or green
inks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING AND BEAMING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howard and John Bullough
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 18th March 1862.
We, JOHN HOWARD and JOHN BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Iron Founders and Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING AND BEAMING MACHINES,'
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a self-acting stopping motion (that is to say), a
means of stopping the warping or beaming machine when one or more of the
warp threads break, by means of a current of electricity. The electric spark
or current acts upon a magnet which is in connection with a catch or knocker-
off piece. Each thread of the warp supports a pin, which, when so supported,
can only touch one of two conducting surfaces connected respectively by wires
to the negative and positive poles of the battery. The moment a thread
breaks, its pin falls on the other conducting surface, and thus forms a con-
necting link betwixt the two poles. The electric current thus established
charges a magnet, which by attracting a catch or other suitable agent brings
the knocking-off piece into action. The thread being pieced again, supports
its pin above one of the conducting surfaces, thereby breaking the connection
betwixt the two poles, so that the magnet having lost its power cannot attract
the agent which brings the knocker-off into action, and so the machine
continues working till another thread breaks and allows a pin to fall, which
acts in the manner above described, and stops the machine.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND THE LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tolhausen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April
1862. A communication from Victor Duprat, residing at Canéjan, in
the Department de la Gironde, France.
I, FREDERICK TOLHAUSEN, Patent Agent, 17, Faubourg Montmartre, Paris,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND THE LIKE ARTICLES,"
a communication from Victor Duprat, a person resident at Canéjan, in the
Department de la Gironde, France, to be as follows:-
This machine consists of a strong metallic disc turning on a central pivot,
and supported in its rotary motion by casters or spherical balls that are
arranged around the circumference like in a railway turntable. There is a
suitable number of moulds fixed all round on the disc, and said moulds having
been filled with the ceramic material in the ordinary way, the disc is made to
turn so as to bring the moulds successively under the action of one or several
shaping or pressing plates that are arranged around and above the rim of the
disc; said pressing and shaping plates are acted upon by a screw and fly
wheel in the manner of a fly press. The disc may be moved by one or more
fly wheels set tangentially in a vertical position, and acting either by friction
or bevel gear; said fly wheels, by means of cams, also act on plates for lifting.
the brick or other article out of the mould in which it has been compressed
and shaped by the plates, as above described.
IMPROVEMEMTS IN HARMONIUMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Alexander Kemp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the 3rd
June 1862.
I, ROBERT ALEXANDER KEMP, of 30, Dudley Grove, Harrow Road, in the
5 County of Middlesex, Musical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMEMTS IN HARMONIUMS," to be as
follows. These improvements are as follows:-
The application of pneumatic levers to swell shutters or Venetian blinds
operated or acted upon by the feeders and reservoirs according to the pressure
or rapidity of motion employed by the performer in acting on the foot-boards
or pedals of harmoniums, and by this means producing with greater facility
a crescendo or diminuendo. Also the application of coupler stops between
the key-boards of harmoniums having two or more rows of keys, so that the
performer may couple the keys without removing his hands from the key-
boards of harmoniums. As also in the application of a swell worked by the
heel of the performer when applied to harmoniums having four or more sets
of vibrators, and by means of which a crescendo and diminuendo can be
obtained without the use of an expression stop, and irrespective of the
quantity of wind in the reservoir, the connection between the pedal and the
lever of the shutters or Venetian blinds being a crank with a cord, wire, or
rod, and the tone is made to pass from the chamber or space above the front
set of vibrators to the chamber or space of the second set of vibrators, and

page_text: from thence through the shutters or Venetian blinds. And instead of con-
structing the balance rail of the full-depth, reaching down to the central bed-
piece, by which the first and second set of vibrators are longitudinally divided,
I make it of about half the usual depth, leaving a space or clear passage-way
for the sound, by which the tone of the first and second set of vibrators is
improved, it having no other outlet than the passage-way under the balance
rail; and I am enabled to dispense with double-sound boards, and other
appliances necessitated by the ordinary construction of harmoniums having
two sets of vibrators.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORMING THE PERMANENT WAYS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1862.-A communication from abroad by Eugène Smits,
residing at Couilles, near Charleroi, Belgium.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FORMING THE PERMANENT WAYS OF RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in forming the permanent
ways of railways. For these purposes double T or H angle iron is used as
sleepers or transverse bearers in place of those heretofore employed, and also
when continuous bearers are used. These forms of sleepers or bearers are
employed whether chairs or other means of fixing the rails to the sleepers
or bearers are resorted to.
In forming a permanent way according to this Invention the sleepers or
bearers are usually placed transversely across the railway, and the rails are
fixed in chairs, which are fixed by bolts and nuts to the transverse sleepers or
bearers. The chairs may be either fixed directly to the sleepers or bearers of
wood or other suitable packing may be interposed between the under surfaces
of the chairs and the upper surface of the webs, which comes between the
flanges of the double T or H angle iron of the bearers or sleepers, which are
laid in a horizontal position on the earth. In some cases the use of chairs

page_text: may be dispensed with, and the rails be laid on and fixed directly to the
sleepers or bearers of double T or H angle iron, and they may be fixed thereto
by screws, bolts, and nuts or otherwise, and for this purpose the flanges of the
transverse angle iron bearers above mentioned may be cut away or turned
down at intervals, or the spaces between the rails and the webs of the sleepers
or bearers may be filled with wood or other packing, so that the rails may
come above the flanges of the bearers or sleepers.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING COFFERDAMS AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES FOR EXCLUDING OR KEEPING BACK THE FLOW OF WATER AND PREVENTING INUNDA- TIONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Heinrich Roeckner, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd June 1862.
I, CARL HEINRICH ROECKNER, of Marsh Street, Bristol, in the City of
Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING COFFERDAMS AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES FOR
EXCLUDING OR KEEPING BACK THE FLOW OF WATER AND PREVENTING INUNDA-
TIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in driving piles across the bed of a river or other
watercourse at some distance from each other, say, two, three, or four feet
asunder according to circumstances, instead of driving said piles close together
in two or more rows and ramming clay between as heretofore practised. To
obviate the use of clay, I propose to employ a strong woven material or fabric,
such as sail cloth rendered water-proof by any known means, this fabric I
stretch across the entire line of piles and fix the top edge thereof to the top
of said piles, and I propose that the depth of said fabric be considerably more
than the depth of the river or other watercourse from the top of said piles,
in order that a part of said fabric shall lie on the bed of the river or other
watercourse.
The effect of the above arrangement is as follows:-Take, for example, a
tidal river and suppose the fabric before mentioned to be placed on that side
of the row of piles aforesaid against which the water would flow and press as

page_text: the tide rises, the pressure of the water will force the aforesaid fabric
against the piles, and the pressure of the superincumbent body of water will
also press said fabric upon the bed of the river or other watercourse, and
thus prevent the passage of water past said piles as the tide ebbs; the pressure
being removed the water at the other side of said fabric will be free to pass
out should the level thereof be higher than that of the tide, and by these means
large tracts of land may be drained in a speedy, simple, and efficient manner
and at a comparatively small cost, and in like manner cofferdams and other
like structures may be formed and rendered water-tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonardo Galli at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August 1862.
I, LEONARDO GALLI, of Lucca, Tuscany, in the Kingdom of Italy, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The propeller consists of two paddles which are placed below the water
line, and by preference near the stern of a ship, and which are moved to and
fro in the direction of the length of the vessel; they are jointed to a metal
frame which is moved to and fro in guides in a slot or rectangular opening in
what is called the "deadwood;" this movement is given to the frame, and so
to the paddles, by a hollow rod or shaft reciprocating in the direction of the
length of the keel. The stroke of the shaft, when in motion, is proportioned
to the size of the ship, and is effected by means of a crank and connecting
rod, which are adapted to the engine. The paddles are open, so as to project
from the sides of the keel when they are going in the direction opposite to
the intended movement of the vessel, and shut so as to lie within the opening
in the keel in the return movement. The shutting and
The shutting and opening of the
paddles is effected a few moments before the change of the direction of their
movements by two rods which pass through the hollow shaft, each paddle
being connected to one of the rods. When it is desired to reverse the direction
in which the vessel is propelled the paddles are (by the rods which pass
through the hollow shaft) caused to be open when the shaft is moving in the
direction in which it was moving when they were before shut, and to be shut
when they were before open.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PARATION OF PULP FOR PAPER-MAKING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Gapper Southby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1862.
I, ANTHONY GAPPER SOUTHBY, of Bulford, in the County of Wilts, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PARATION OF PULP FOR PAPER-MAKING," to be as follows:-
An improved method of washing the soluble matter from paper stuff, to
prepare the same for bleaching or for the manufacture of brown paper, such
improvement consisting chiefly in the slow and continuous percolation of
water or other liquids though the paper stuff when packed into a dense mass.
An improved method of applying bleach liquor in the preparation of pulp
for paper-making, such method consisting partly in the slow and continuous
percolation of bleach liquor through the paper stuff when packed into a dense
mass, and partly in the use of partially exhausted bleach liquor in commencing
the process of bleaching. And an improved method of washing out of paper
stuff, after it has undergone the process of bleaching, the bleach liquor, and
the coloring matters which have been rendered (by the application of the same)
soluble, in water or in solutions of alkalies or acids; such method consisting
chiefly in the slow and continuous percolation of water or solutions of alkalies
or acids through the paper stuff, when packed in a dense mass, and after it bas
undergone my improved method of bleaching above described, or any other
method of bleaching. The apparatus I prefer to use for each of the above

page_text: processes consists of a vat or series of vats with false or strainer bottoms,
through which a liquid can drain, and be collected or thrown away at pleasure,
without carrying any of the fibre of the paper stuff with it. But I do not
claim any particular apparatus as part of my Invention, which may be worked
with any apparatus that is so constructed as to allow of a stream of fluid 5
slowly and continuously percolating through a densely packed mass of fibrous
material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING CLOTHES AND FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Welburn Wilks Williamson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1862.
I, WELBURN WILKS WILLIAMSON, of High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING CLOTHES AND FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in apparatus for drying clothes and fabrics,
relates to a novel mode of constructing hot closets in which clothes or other
textile articles of domestic use are dried after being washed. The appa-
ratus consists of an oblong box or chamber of suitable dimensions, and is
constructed by preference of wrought-iron, the framing being formed of T
or angle iron, and the panels of two pieces of sheet-iron, between which are
secured a sheet of felt or other non-conducting substance. The panels thus
made are secured to the wrought-iron framing by screws, bolts, rivets, or
otherwise, and the several parts of the apparatus are secured together in such
a manner by temporary fastening, as will admit of their being taken to pieces
when required. The apparatus may be heated by a fire made in a separate
fire-place, but communicating with flues made in or adapted to the lower part
of the closet, and so arranged that the heated gases will pass to & fro or in
a serpentine direction, so as to give off their heat to a stream of atmospheric
air, that is allowed to enter the apparatus from below, and pass over the

page_text: heated surfaces of the flue pipes. These heated flue pipes may be covered
over by gratings to prevent any of the clothes or fabrics from falling on to the
pipes accidently. If preferred the fire-place may be attached to and form
a permanent part of the casing or closet, but on board ship I propose to
adapt the apparatus to the galley or cooking stove, so that the waste heat
therefrom may be conducted into the flues of the drying apparatus, and used
for drying clothes, instead of being allowed to pass away uselessly. This
is an important feature of the Invention, and by this arrangement the
clothes will be dried by heat that would be otherwise utterly wasted, and
therefore the operation will be performed without the expenditure of
any fuel.
Another great advantage of the improved drying apparatus is that being
constructed of iron and fixed ready for use, without the use of brickwork, and
the parts being secured or connected together by temporary fastenings, the
apparatus may be taken to pieces and removed with facility, and re-erected in
another place with very little trouble.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Fenton and William Stubbs
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 11th August 1862.
We, HUGH FENTON, of Queen's Ferry, in the County of Flint, and Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Wire Drawer and Wire Rope Manufacturer,
and WILLIAM STUBBS, of Liverpool, aforesaid, Civil Engineer, do. hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH
WIRES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object improvements applicable to telegraph
wires, whereby their conductivity and partial or total insulation and protection
from atmospheric influences are obtained, and without the necessity of
galvanising the wires as now commonly practised.
These improvements consist in first covering the wires with a thin coating
of copper by immersing them in a bath containing a solution of copper, or in
any other convenient way, and afterwards applying a coating or coatings of
asphalt, black varnish, or of any other like suitable non-conductive substance
or substances; and in most cases it is preferred to introduce into the asphalt
or other outer coating a short fibrous substance to insure its tenacity. The
external coating may be applied to the wire by immersing it in asphalt or
other substance when in a heated state, and drawing it through a drawplate, or
in any other convenient way.
IMPROVED MEANS OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES BY THE USE OF SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO SO APPLIED
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Maltby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1862.
I, WILLIAM MALTBY, of De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES BY THE USE OF SUBSTANCES NOT
HITHERTO SO APPLIED," to be as follows:-
I dissolve bisulphate of ammonia in about seven times its own weight of
water. This solution I sprinkle or discharge in small jets over any burning
mass, which has the effect of immediately arresting the flames and quickly
stopping the combustion. Although I prefer and claim the use of this
solution of bisulphate of ammonia alone for this purpose, yet in some cases I
find it advantageous to use any soluble silicate, either combined with the
latter or free.
A NEW COMPOSITE FLUID TO BE USED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th June 1862.-A communication from abroad by Benjamin Hebard,
of Dorchester, in the State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW COMPOSITE FLUID TO BE USED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES," a
munication from abroad by Benjamin Hebard, of Dorchester, in the State of
Massachusetts, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the production of a new illuminating fluid con-
sisting of a combination of fusel oil, petroleum, paraffine, or coal oil, and
alcohol, or of such alcohol as is known as methylated spirit. The proportions,
as at present found suitable, are four quarts of fusel oil, one quart of refined
petroleum, paraffine, or coal oil, and about a pint of alcohol, or of methylated
spirit. The fusel oil, before being mixed with the other oils, is purified or
cleansed by being washed with water. After the water which has been used
for this washing process is drawn off, the petroleum, paraffine, or coal oil is
added to it, and the alcohol being then added, produces a chemical combination
and a fluid fit for burning purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reeves Harris at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1862.
I, JOHN REEVES HARRIS, of Goldington Crescent, Saint Pancras Road, in
the County of Middlesex, House Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
The improvements relate to giving motion to vessels by means of propellers
enclosed within the body of the vessel, except at the parts of such propellers
for the time acting on the water for the purpose of propulsion.
I form the propellers with radial or other suitably formed floats or boards
and enclosed sides, so that the space between adjoining floats or boards may
form chambers open only at the periphery for action upon the water; and
I enclose these propellers, except where they act directly upon the water,
within boxes or compartments formed for them in the hull of the vessel. By
these means only the part of the propeller for the time acting projects from the
vessel, and at the same time the back action of the water is avoided.
Propellers thus arranged are particularly applicable to vessels of war.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August
1862.
I, JOHN MACINTOSH, of North Bank, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended when required to dispense with the time
occupied in first generating steam of sufficient pressure to put machinery in
motion, and to give increased power and velocity to steam vessels; also
instantly to obtain power to work fire-engines, and consists in the rapid
generation of power by the aid of oxygenous fuel, composed either of coke,
coal, and nitrate of soda, or coke and nitrate of potash. In some cases
sulphur may be used, or the chloride of potash; and, if desired, put into forni
with adhesive substances, such as mineral or vegetable pitch, resins, paraffine,
gutta percha, caoutchouc, or glue.
The prepared fuel is put into closed tubes or furnaces, with valves for the
escape of the gaseous products of the combustion, which may be used alone
or in combination with steam, air, or other fluids in giving motion to
machinery. This oxygenous fuel may be put into ordinary steam boilers,
which fuel when ignited instantly produces power to give motion to engines,
or it may be used for other purposes where power is required as an auxiliary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mapple and Daniel Mapple
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 23rd September 1862.
We, JAMES MAPPLE, of 2, Newmans' Place, Kentish Town, and DANIEL
MAPPLE, of 8, Queen's Road, Homerton New Town, in the County of Middle-
sex, Telegraph and Clock Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a flat endless chain rotated by a train of clock-
work, and in its rotation it is made to rub against an inking roller supplied
with printing ink, and so forming a tracer; a strip of paper is likewise carried
forward by the said clockwork, and the said strip of paper is made to rub
continuously against the tracer, and the contact of the tracer with the paper is
broken or the paper is pushed away from the tracer as may be desired, to give
the signals by the attractive force of an electro-magnet, which magnet pulls an
arm down and presses the paper away from the tracer, in contradistinction to
William Spence's Patent (communicated to him by Digney, Freres), No. 279,
of 1858, in which the arm moved by the electro-magnet presses the strip. of
paper against the tracer. We purpose reading the telegrams by the white spaces
instead of the inked lines of other tracing instruments, as by our arrangement
the instrument is capable of being worked with a smaller amount of power than
any other tracing instrument.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AXLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clarke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1862.
I, JOHN CLARKE, of Shiffnal, in the County of Salop, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AXLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to carriage axles of the kind known in commerce as
Collinge axles, and consists in the arrangement or arrangements herein-after
described for fixing upon the end of the arm of the axle the collet or washer
against which the end of the axle box works. In the ordinary Collinge axle
the collet or washer fits upon a part of the arm near its end, the said part
being of smaller diameter than that on which the box works. The said
collet is secured in its place by a screw nut working on a screw, and the said
screw nut is maintained in its place by a second screw nut, the said second
screw nut being prevented from unscrewing by a pin passed through a hole
at the end of the arm. The several parts of the arm described are of pro-
gressively smaller diameter in the order in which they have been described.
In my improvement or improvements I-make but one screw on the end of
the arm, on which said screw a screw nut engages to hold the collet or washer
up to its bearing against the end of the axle box, and the said screw nut is
fixed in its place in the following manner :-A hole is drilled in the end of the
arm, and in the axis thereof, which said hole is tapped or made into a concave
screw, and in the said screwed hole a screwed pin having a fixed nut or

page_text: .
hexagonal or other shaped head engages. By screwing the said screwed pin
into the said screwed hole the head of the said pin is made to bear against the
screw nut, and prevent it from unscrewing. I make the screw on the pin
left handed, that on the outside of the end of the arm being right handed, or
the pin may have a right-handed screw, and the outside of the arm may have
a left-handed screw. I make the said screwed pin by preference of steel,
but I do not limit myself to the use of any particular material.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS, BOLTS, RIVETS, SCREWS, EYES, AND SPLIT KEYS OR PINS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dudley Charles Le Souëf at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1862. A communication from abroad by John Schuberth, of
Vienna, in Austria.
I, DUDLEY CHARLES LE SOUEF, of Twickenham, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, England, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS, BOLTS, RIVETS, SCREWS,
EYES, AND SPLIT KEYS OR PINS," (communicated to me from abroad by John
Schuberth, of Vienna, in Austria,) to be as follows:-
The head of the nail, bolt, rivet, screw, eye, and split key or pin is made
of porcelain or any other kind of earthenware, and, when partially dried, a
hole is made in such head to admit the shank or other part of the nail, bolt,
rivet, screw, eye, or split key, or pin, which is further fixed to the head by
means of a cement composed of quick lime, white of egg, and slack lime.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garnett, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1862.
I, JOHN GARNETT, of Windermere, in the County of Westmorland,
Printer and Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of apparatus for washing
photographic pictures, and consists in the employment for that purpose of a
shallow box perforated on its upper and under side, into which box the prints
or pictures requiring to be rinsed or washed are deposited, suitable divisions
being placed in the box to separate the different sizes of prints, which divisions
or partitions are made moveable to suit different sizes. The box with the
photographs therein is placed inside a convenient reservoir of water, and. a
vertical motion is imparted to the box whilst submerged by means of a handle
or other suitable device so as to cause the water to flush alternately through
the top and bottom perforations in the box and thereby effectually rinse the
pictures on both sides.