Improvements in or applicable to Filters or Filtering Arrangements to be used more especially for the Feed Water supplied to Locomotive and other Steam Boilers or Generators.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 27th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 10th Dec., 1898
Improvements in or applicable to Filters or Filtering Arrangements
to be used more especially for the Feed Water supplied to
Locomotive and other Steam Boilers or Generators.
I, JAMES METCALFE, of 32, North Parade, Aberystwyth, in the County of Cardigan,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as follows:-
1. My invention relates to filters or filtering arrangements more especially
intended for filtering water at a temperature of over 2120 Fah., which I prefer to
combine and construct as follows:-There is a casing which may be cylindrical,
closed at one end, and provided with suitable branches for conveying the liquid
to be filtered to and from the casing and with an outlet which may be closed
by a cock or other means for removing and clearing out sediment deposited in
the casing. This casing at one end is opened but it is closed by a lid or cover
fluid tight by flanges and bolts or in any other convenient manner.
Inside the said casing hereinafter termed the outer casing there is an inner
cylindrical casing of metal, hereinafter termed the filtering casing, which can be
inserted within the outer casing leaving a space all round between it and the inside
of the outer casing.
The sides of the filtering casing at both ends are perforated but a part between the
two ends of the filtering casing is not perforated but has a flange round it nearly
fitting the interior of the outer casing when the filtering casing is in its place, at
which time the said flange round the latter rests against an inner flange within the
In some
outer casing and fits fluid tight when one is pressed against the other.
cases there may be an elastic packing ring between the flanges.
The filtering casing is closed at one end, the other end being closed when the
filtering material has been placed within it by a cap or cover secured by screws hook
bolts or otherwise.
The outer end of this cover can be acted upon by the end of a screw passing
through the cover or lid of the outer casing or otherwise arranged, so that by its
pressure the flange on the filtering casing can be pressed fluid tight against the
flange in the interior of the outer casing.
The water or fluid admitted at one end of the outer casing surrounds the inner
part of the filtering casing up to the flanges and passes through the perforations
to the interior of the filtering casing through the filtering material therein
to the other end thereof and then passes from the filtering casing through
the perforations above the flanges, which separate the interior of the outer casing
into two chambers one for the water or fluid to be filtered, the other for the water
or fluid that has passed through the filtering casing to pass out at the branch from
the outer casing. Should the filter get clogged with material retained from the
water so as to obstruct the passage of the water or liquid, the slackening of the
screw keeping the flange on the filtering casing against that in the interior of the
outer basing will allow more or less liquid to pass temporarily until the filtering
casing can be removed and replaced by another filtering casing having fresh material

page_text: as two or more of these are preferred, so that one with fresh filtering material may
be readily changed at any time for one too much clogged, which clogging or degree
of obstruction may be ascertained by a pressure guage on the inlet branch of the
outer casing if desired..
In some cases I prefer to surround the outer casing with a jacket so as to keep it
heated by hot steam circulating through the jacket and to cover this jacket by a
non-conductor of heat.
The mode of constructing and combining the filter may be modified and varied
from that above described, without departing from its main features.
2. My invention consists in combining with a filtering arrangement such as that
above described under head one, or with an equivalent arrangement, an injector or
exhaust injector or more especially an exhaust and supplementary live steam
injector, or other injector, which delivers water therefrom at a high temperature, the
combination being intended for filtering hot water to be fed to high pressure steam
boilers or generators, the above named injectors or some of them being capable of
supplying such hot feed water and forcing it through the filtering arrangements.
3. When using the filter above described or its equivalent in combination with an
injector not giving sufficient heat to the water, passing through it, the filter is or
may be jacketted and heated by steam as above described, and the steam to supply
the injector is passed through the jacket so that there is no accumulation of condensed
steam in the jacket, or the steam after passing the jacket may be used for super-
heating the feed water after it has passed the injector and before it enters the filter
in some cases.
Dated the 28th day of January 1900
Improvements in or applicable to Filters or Filtering Arrangements
to be used more especially for the Feed Water supplied to
Locomotive and other Steam Boilers or Generators.
I, JAMES METCALFE, of 32, North Parade, Aberystwyth, in the County of Cardigan,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
1. My invention relates to filters or filtering arrangements more especially intended
for filtering water at a temperature of over 212° Fah., which I prefer to combine and
construct as follows:-There is a casing which may be cylindrical, closed at one
end, and provided with suitable branches for conveying the liquid to be filtered to
and from the casing and with an outlet which may be closed by a cock or other
means for removing and clearing out sediment deposited in the casing. This casing
at one end is opened but it is closed by a lid or cover fluid tight by flanges and
bolts or in any other convenient manner.
Inside the said casing hereinafter termed the outer casing there is an inner
cylindrical casing of metal, hereinafter termed the filtering casing, which can be
inserted within the outer casing leaving a space all round between it and the inside
of the outer casing.
The sides of the filtering casing at both ends are perforated but a part between
the two ends of the filtering casing is not perforated but has a flange round it nearly
fitting the interior of the outer casing when the filtering casing is in its place, at

page_text: which time the said flange round the latter rests against an inner flange within the
outer casing and fits fluid tight when one is pressed against the other. In some
cases there may be an elastic packing ring between the flanges.
The filtering casing is closed at one end, the other end being closed when the
filtering material has been placed within it by a cap or cover secured by screws,
hook bolts or otherwise. The outer end of this cover can be acted upon by the end
of a screw passing through the cover or lid of the outer casing or otherwise arranged,
so that by its pressure the flange on the filtering casing can be pressed fluid tight
against the flange in the interior of the outer casing.
The water or fluid admitted at one end of the outer casing surrounds the inner
part of the filtering casing up to the flanges and passes through the perforations to
the interior of the filtering casing through the filtering material therein to the other
end thereof and then passes from the filtering casing through the perforations above
the flanges, which separate the interior of the outer casing into two chambers one for
the water or fluid to be filtered, the other for the water or fluid that has passed
through the filtering casing to pass out at the branch from the outer casing.
Should the filter get clogged with material retained from the water so as to
obstruct the passage of the water or liquid, the slackening of the screw keeping the
flange on the filtering casing against that in the interior of the outer casing will
allow more or less liquid to pass temporarily until the filtering casing can be
removed and replaced by another filtering casing having fresh material as two or
more of these are preferred, so that one with fresh filtering material may be readily
changed at any time for one too much clogged, which clogging or degree of
obstruction may be ascertained by a pressure gauge on the inlet branch of the
outer casing if desired.
In some cases I prefer to surround the outer casing with a jacket so as to keep it
heated by hot steam circulating through the jacket and to cover this jacket by a
non-conductor of heat.
The mode of constructing and combining the filter may be modified and varied
from that above described, without departing from its main features.
2. My invention consists in combining with a filtering arrangement such as that
above described under head one, or with an equivalent arrangement, an injector
or exhaust injector or more especially an exhaust and supplementary live steam
injector, or other injector, which delivers water therefrom at a high temperature, the
coinbination being intended for filtering hot water to be fed to high pressure steam
boilers or generators, the above named injectors or some of them being capable of
supplying such hot feed water and forcing it through the filtering arrangements.
3. When using the filter above described or its equivalent in combination with an
injector not giving sufficient heat to the water, passing through it, the filter is or
may be jacketted and heated by steam as above described, and the steam to supply
the injector is passed through the jacket so that there is no accumulation of
condensed steam in the jacket, or the steam after passing the jacket may be used for
superheating the feed water after it has passed the injector and before it enters the
filter in some cases.
Fig. 1, is an elevation or longitudinal section of a simple form of a filter according
to the first part of my invention.
Fig. 2, is
casing.
a
similar view having arrangements for heating the exterior.
Fig. 3, is also a similar view in which the liquid to be filtered I superheated by a
coil of pipe supplied by steam, and
Fig. 4, is a plan cross section thereof.
Fig. 5, is a longitudinal section, and
Fig. 6, is a cross section of the same showing another arrangement of simple
filter.
Fig. 7, is a detached view on a larger scale of a detail.
Fig. 8, is a section illustrating a substitute for a stuffing box for the screw holling
down the filter material casing.

page_text: :
Fig. 9, is an alternative arrangement of lid for the filter material casing.
Fig. 10, is a sectional elevation, and
:
Fig. 11, a plan view of an alternative arrangement of lid for the outer casing.
In the simple filter illustrated by Fig. 1-a, is the outer casing having two
branches with flanges to couple up with pipes. One branch a', is the inlet for fluid
to be filtered, and the other a², the outlet from the filter.
.
The casing a, is open at one end but can be closed fluid tight by a lid a³, and bolts,
and at the lower end of the casing, a cock b, is screwed for draining and cleaning out
the casing a, when required. Inside the casing a, there is an inner flange a, all
round.'
The filtering material c¹, say coke, is placed in a thin metal cylindrical casing c,
one end of which is closed, the other end can be closed by a lid c², secured by bolts
when the filtering material is placed therein. There are or may be loops or handles
(not shown) at the lid end of the casing c, to take hold of by the hands, to remove
the filter casing c.
The filter casing has a flange c³, round it secured thereto fluid tight and when this
flange comes tightly against that a, in the interior of the outer casing a-there is a
fluid tight joint. There is or may also be a packing ring between the two flanges c³
and at, formed of elastic material if required.
These flanges at and c³, separate the interior of the casing a, into two chambers,
one of which will be occupied by the liquid to be filtered and the other by the liquid
that has passed through the filter.
The lower and upper ends and sides near the ends of the filter casing are perforated
with small holes, and those at the lower end allow the liquid in the lower part of the
chamber to enter into the filter casing c, and pass through its filtering material and
then pass out through the perforations at its upper end and sides into the chamber at
the upper end for filtered liquid.
In the centre of the lid a³, closing the end of the outer casing a, there is a set
screw d, that screws through the lid and the end of this set screw within the casing (,
comes against the end of the lid c², of the filter casing, and acts to press the flange c³,
upon it in tight contact with that a', within the outer casing a.
There is a screw nut on the exterior of the set screw d, by which the set screw
may be locked when adjusted and by which the set screw may be made fluid tight
with the lid.
Should it be ascertained at any time that the filtering material is choked with
accumulated material from the liquid so as to prevent its passage with sufficient free-
dom through the filter and at the time the filter casing c, cannot be readily
changed or cleaned out, then the set screw d, is slackened, so that the pressure of
fluid acting to pass through the filter casing will move the filter casing c, so much as
to allow the liquid to pass the exterior of the filter casing between the flanges at
and c³, from the chamber for unfiltered liquid to that for filtered liquid.
If desired the outer casing a, of this filter may be covered with a material which
is a non-conductor of heat to keep the heated liquid to be filtered as hot as
possible.
Fig. 2, shows a modification of the apparatus illustrated by Fig. 1, with the
exceptions hereinafter named, so that it will be readily understood from the descrip-
tion of Fig. 1.
The outer casing, in this case is of thin metal with branches a¹ and a², secured
to it for inlet and outlet of the fluid. It has a cock b, at its lower end for cleaning
out, and a lid a³, secured by bolts, but the lid has a stuffing box for the screw d, the
inner end of which acts on the end cover c², of the filter casing a.
The thin outer metal casing a, is enclosed as much as possible by a casing e,
forming a jacket for steam, the jacket casing having a branch e¹, for steam to enter
from a supply pipe to the space forming the jacket, another branch e, for the steam
to pass out froin the jacket space, and it has also a cock e³, for draining when required
the jacket space.

page_text: The steam used for heating may be that which is to supply the injector for feeling
the water to be filtered.
In
Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate another modification similar to that shown by Fig. 1.
this case the outer casing is a cylinder a of thin metal with branches a¹ and a², for
the inlet and outlet of the fluid to be filtered.
The
The lid a, is secured by bolts to a flange secured fluid tight to the end of the
cylinder a, and it has a screw d, to act upon the inner filter casing c, arranged same
as in Fig. 2. The end of the outer cylinder a, is closed by a disc connected by a
flange with the end of the outer cylinder fluid tight. The filter casing c, has a broad
flange c³, round it to come against the flange at, in the interior of the casing a.
filter casing c, passes into a coil of pipe et, within the chamber a, for fluid to be
filtered, and one end of this coil et, makes a fluid tight joint with a nozzle e³, in the
side of the outer casing (see Fig. 4) and the other end of the coil forms a joint with
the fixed end cover of the outer casing as shown in Fig. 3. Steam may be passed
through this coil either way, and after it has circulated through the coil may pass to
supply the injector.
The outer casing is or may be covered with material which is a non-conductor of
heat. There is or may also be a cock (not shown) at one side of the centre of the
fixed end of the outer casing for draining and cleaning out the chamber for liquid
before it is filtered.
Figs. 5 and 6, show a modification in which the filter casing c, is inserted and
removed from one side. a, is the casing in this case with an inlet branch a¹, at one
end and an outlet branch a², at the other end-there is an opening at its side covered
by a lid a.
The filter casing c, is made coned at one end and has a flange c³, round it
which when the casing c, is in position comes against a flange a, inside the
casing a.
The casing c, rests against projections us, at one end.
The inside of the lid ³, has a bell crank lever c, jointed to it at c³, one arm of
which when the lid is in position, comes opposite the centre of the lid c², of the
casing c, and forces the flange c³, upon it tightly against the flange a', in the casing a,
when the screw connected with the other arm is rotated. This screw d, has a collar
upon it inside the lid a³, and a stem above that passes through a hole in the lid which
stem is screwed for a screw nut on the exterior of the lid to make the stem fluid tight,
but allow it to be rotated by a key acting on squares on the outer end of the stem of
the screw.
The inner end is screwed to screw through a nut c", having trunnions on opposite
sides fitting a fork in the end of the L lever c4, as shown in Figs. 5 and 7.
Fig. 8 illustrates an arrangement of screw d, without stuffing box. There is a
boss 7, on the lid a³, which is bored out to receive the outer plain end of a screw
which passes through a hole in it to its exterior, its projecting end having squares
upon it by which it can be rotated. Inside there is a collar on the screw and above
the collar a thin washer of metal and above the latter and between it and the top of
the recess there is an elastic washer of any suitable material.
The thin metal washer has a tongue or projection from its circumference to enter a
key groove in the interior of the boss part which prevents the thin washer from
scrubbing against the elastic washer when the screw is rotated.
Below the collar on the screw d, is the screw thread that screws into a circular nut
fitting a hole in the interior of the boss and this screw nut d, is prevented from
revolving when the screw is rotated by a key ², that is secured in the said key
groove, which key fits partly into the groove on one side and partly into a key groove
in the lengthway of the screw nut on the other side.
The upper end of this key, coming against the underside of the collar on the
screw d, holds the screw in position, and permits the screw nut to rise and fall as the
screw rotates so that its inner end comes against the lid c², or is withdrawn from it
as required.
Fig. 9, illustrates the mode of applying a lid c, to the end of the filter material

page_text: casing c, and removing the same quickly. The casing c, has a ring c, secured to its
end inside, except that there are notches in this ring to allow hook projections cs,
from the underside of the lid c², to pass through, which when the lid is turned partly
away from the notches, then catch upon the underside of the ring c', which may be
slightly inclined from each notch to tighten the lid against the end of the casing
when partly rotated.
The lid is or may be made with two handles ca, on its upper side by which it may
be placed and removed.
To be certain that the lid c², will not move when placed in position there may be
a bolt c, to slide in bearings at the upper side of the lid, drawn in one direction
to secure the lid by a helical spring cb, round the bolt abutting against one
bearing at one end and against a collar secured on the bolt at the other end.
The outer end of the bolt is of hook form so that its hook end is drawn into a
hole in the edge of the casing c, when the lid is in position, and when the lid
is to be removed, the bolt is pushed endways by the handle c.
In place of the bolt ca, there may be a latch e, as shown on the right side of
Fig. 9, which is jointed to the lid at ce. Its free end passes through a hole in
the lid and this end is pawl shaped, the incline being on one side of the end of
the pawl to come upon ratchet teeth formed in the upper edge of the ring c.
A flat spring c', secured to the lid and acting on a projection from the latch forces
it downwards against the teeth when free.
The taking hold of the handle to lift or move the lid will lift the latch cd.
Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate a mode of closing the end of the casing a, so that the
pressure inside will tend to keep the lid tight.
There is a recessed flange aº, at one end of the casing a, which has a rectangular
hole in it as much longer one way than the other, as will be equal to a little more
than double the lap or size which the lid is to be larger than the hole, this allows the
narrow way of the lid to be passed through the hole in the disc face of the flange
and to be then turned round so that the long way of the lid will be in the long way of
the hole. The lid a³, is secured by a two or more armed frame a³, (four are shown)
which arms come from a central ring that fits over the boss a', on the cover plate.
Each arm has a hole in it for a set screw aº, to pass through and screw into a tapped
hole in a boss formed upon the upper side of the lid, one for each set
screw.
When these set screws a³, are tightened, the lid is drawn outwards firmly against
the underside of the flange a, as shown in Fig. 10.
The central boss a", represents one similar to that shown by Fig. 8, for a central
screw without stuffing box to act upon the end of the lid 2, upon the casing c, which
action will also press the lid a³, outwards and help to keep it firmly against the
recessed flange aº.
If desired either the screw d, shown in Fig. 1, or those with stuffing box shown in
Figs. 2 and 3, may be substituted for that illustrated by Fig. 8.
By slackening the screws, without entirely removing them the lid a³, may be
readily removed and replaced.
Secondly. My invention also consists in combining with a filtering arrangement
such as that above described under head one, or with equivalent arrangements, an
injector or exhaust injector or more especially an exhaust and supplementary live
steam injector or other injector, which delivers water therefrom at a high temperature,
the combination being intended for filtering hot water to be fed to high pressure
steam boilers or generators, the above named injectors or some of them being
capable of supplying such hot feed water and forcing it through the filtering
arrangements.
Thirdly. When using the filters above described or their equivalents in combination
with an injector not giving sufficient heat to the water, passing through it, the
filter is or may be jacketted and heated by steam as above described, and the steam
to supply the injector is passed through the jacket so that there is no accumulation
of condensed steam in the jacket, or the steam after passing the jacket is or may be

page_text: ised for superheating the feed water after it has passed the injector and before it
enters the filter in some cases, by passing it to a suitable nozzle surrounding the
assing jet.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven
tion and in what manner the same
claim is:-
is to be performed, I declare that what I
1. The combination and construction of filters for filtering hot water more
especially for feeding steam generators, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, and 5, 6 and 7 also when such arrangements are
modified as described in reference to Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the drawings.
2. In filtering heated water, the combining of the filtering apparatus above
described or its equivalent with live steam injectors, or exhaust steam injectors, or
combined exhaust and supplementary live steam injectors for propelling the water
to be filtered (which passes through the injectors) through the filtering arrangements,
so that such water will arrive at such filtering apparatus as hot as possible
substantially as herein before described.
3. When using the combination referred to under Claim 2, the use of steam for
super-heating the water in the filter substantially as hereinbefore described after
passing the jackets or coils for superheating, to supply the injectors, thus preventing
the accumulation of condensed steam in the super-heaters. Or if live steam be used
coils conveyed
for heating the superheaters, the use of the steam from the jackets or
by suitable pipes or passages so as to pass to and combine with the water delivered
by the injector before it enters the filtering arrangements.
Dated this Twenty-sixth day of October 1898.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.