Improvements in the Manufacture of Soap.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 5th May, 1896-Accepted, 6th June, 1896
Improvements in the Manufacture of Soap.
I ROBERT ELLIS GREEN, of 93 Neate Street, Camberwell, in the County of
London Soap Maker do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
I first make an insoluble soap of the oil or other oleaginous matter which I may
wish to convert into marketable soap. I make this insoluble soap by the ordinary
method, this is to say I combine the oleaginous matter with an alkaline earth, such
as baryta (hydrate of the oxide of barium), the hydrate of the oxide of aluminium,
the bydrate of the oxide of magnesium, the oxide of lead, or lime (the hydrate
of the oxide of calcium). The formation of the insoluble soap of course liberates
the glycerine which is a component of the original oleaginous matter & enables me
to separate & collect it which I do by pressure or centrifugal force in any ordinary
way of separating fluid from solid matter. The insoluble soap I put back into the
soap pan to convert it into soluble soap. For that purpose I add to it either silicate
of soda or phosphate of soda. The choice of the use of these depends upon the
kind of soap into which I may desire to convert the insoluble soap. If my object
be to obtain a hard laundry soap I use silicate of soda. If I should desire to
make a neutral soap such as is used by dyers I select phosphate of soda as the
decomposing agent. In either case I then subject the whole mass to a boiling.
temperature, taking care to keep the contents of the pan well agitated until the
decomposition of the insoluble soap is completed and a soluble soda soap has taken
its place. Salt (chloride of sodium) may now be added to facilitate the separation
of the newly formed soluble soap from the phosphate of lime or silicate of lime
resulting from the decomposition of the insoluble soap, & after a short period of
rest the under stratum may be drawn from the pan as usual, the soap being then
ready for a final melting before being run into the "coolers."
This description of my process is based on the case of an insoluble soap of lime
being used, the process is the same whether I use an insoluble soap of baryta, or
alumina, or magnesia, or lead, or lime; the only difference consists in the residual
products being the silicate or phosphate of baryta, alumina, magnesia, lead, or
lime.
: Dated this 28th day of September 1895.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Soap.
I, ROBERT ELLIS GREEN, of 93 Neate Street, Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey, Soap Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
•
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of soap.
In carrying my invention into practice I first make an insoluble soap of the oil
or tallow or other oleaginous matter which it is desired to convert into marketable
ID O7

page_text: soluble soap and which is done in any ordinary manner by combining the fat acids
which are contained in the oleaginous matter with oxide of calcium, or oxide of
lead.
The formation of the insoluble soap, of course liberates the glycerine, which is
a component part of the original oleaginous matter and enables it to be separated
and collected as is done in the preparation of stearic acid.
Having thus obtained the insoluble soap of lime or oxide of lead I proceed to
convert it into a soluble soap of soda or potash; not as hitherto by first decomposing
the insoluble soap by acids, recovering the fatty acids and then saponifying with
soda or potash, but by the direct reaction (double decomposition) of silicate of
soda or potash; or phosphate of soda or potash; or carbonate of soda or potash ;
or sulphate of soda or potash; and as an object of my process is to effect an
economy in making soap by obtaining residuals suitable for use in the making of
paint use when dealing with an insoluble soap of lime either the silicate or
phosphate of soda or potash, obtaining as residuals either the silicate or phosphate
of lime; when dealing with an insoluble soap of oxide of lead I use either the
silicate of soda or potash; the carbonate of soda or potash; or the sulphate of
soda or potash; obtaining as residuals, either, silicate, carbonate, phosphate or
sulphate of oxide of lead in an impalpable state of division and each is well
adapted as a basis for making paint.
If I wish to convert the insoluble soap of lime made with 34 lbs. lime to 100 lbs.
of oleaginous matter into a soluble soap of soda with a silicate of lime residual,
for each ton of oil or fat made into lime soap I add to it in the converting pan
(which may be any ordinary soap pan provided with means for agitation) 1158 lbs.
Bilicate of soda of 140° degrees strength according to Twaddle's hydrometer and
450 gallons of water. If I wish to convert the same quantity of lime soap into a
soluble soap of soda with a phosphate of lime residual I substitute for the silicate
of soda in the converting pan 311 lbs. of crystalized phosphate of soda (rhombic).
to which I add 309 lbs. caustic soda liquor of seventy degrees strength, Twaddle,
and 450 gallons of water.
If I desire to convert the same quantity of lime soap into a soluble soap of
potash with silicate of lime residual I add to it in the converting pan 1806 lbs.
silicate of potash of 100° strength, Twaddle, and 108 lbs. oleic acid and 450 gallons
water. If I desire to convert an insoluble soap of oxide of lead made with 8 oz.
oxide of lead per pound of oil or fat, into a soluble soap of soda with silicate of
lead as a residual, for each ton of oil or fat of such dead soap I add to it in the
converting pan 1400 lbs. silicate of soda at 140° Twaddle and 537 lbs. oleic acid
and 450 gallons water. If I desire to convert a similar quantity of insoluble soap
of lead into a soluble soap of soda with carbonate of lead as a residual I add to it
in the converting pan 1350 lbs. crystalized carbonate of soda and 655 lbs. oleic acid
and 450 gallons water. If I desire to convert the same quantity of insoluble soap
of lead into soluble soap of soda with a residual of sulphate of lead I. add to it in
the converting pan 1558 lbs. crystalized sulphate of soda and 536 lbs. oleic acid
and 450 gallons of water.
Or I use proportionate quantities of each of the above named reagents when it
may have been found necessary to alter the composition of the insoluble soap.
In each case of the above examples steam is turned into the soap pan and the
contents kept well mixed until the decomposition and recombinations are effected
after which the steam being shut off, the precipitates formed are allowed to settle
to the bottom of the pan and the soap may then be run off into another pan for
concentration before being put into the "coolers."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The process of making soap in the manner substantially as described in the
above Specification

page_text: 2. In the process of making soap, the production of residuals to be used as a
basis in the manufacture of paint, substantially as described in the above
Specification.
3. In the process of making soap, the production of glycerine free from soda or
potash, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 5th day of May 1896.
J. P. BAYLY,
18 Fulham Place, London, W., Agent for the Applicant.