IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR, AND METHOD OF, COLD DRAWING AND COMPRESSING RODS, BARS AND SHAFTING.
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Raphael Hunter Brandon, of 1 Rue Laffitte, Paris, in
the Republic of France, Engineer and Patent Agent for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR, AND METHOD OF, COLD DRAWING AND
COMPRESSING RODS, BARS AND SHAFTING. communicated to him by Charles
Carroll Billings, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Raphael Hunter Brandon at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1883.
RAPHAEL HUNTER BRANDON of 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR AND
METHOD OF COLD DRAWING AND COMPRESSING RODS, BARS, AND SHAFTING
a communication to me by Charles Carroll Billings of Boston, Massachussetts,
United States of America
"
The invention relates to improvements in mechanism for cold drawing rods and
shafting; and in a method to be described whereby the rods or shafts are drawn
in such manner, as to overcome crooks and leave them substantially straight.
This invention in machines for drawing rods and shafting consists of the
combination of a clutch or equivalent device to grasp and draw a rod or shaft, a
die, a die-seat, and bearing points or rolls to sustain the said seat, with means
substantially as described or their mechanical equivalents to adjust the said die-
seat and die relatively to the line of movement of the clutch, as and for the
purposes hereinafter set forth.
Also, in a movable clutch, a die, a die-seat and seat-holder, and center screws
and bearings or points for the said seat and holder combined with means sub-
stantially as described to adjust the die-seat and seat holder with relation to the
frame of the machine and the line of movement of the clutch.
Also, in the method of drawing rods bars or shafts, to make them straight,
which consists in drawing the same through a die made adjustable with relation
to the line of draft of the clutch and rod bar or shaft, to overcome crooks in
the same
Also in the method of drawing, compressing and treating rods and shafting to
produce the same free from bends or crooks, which consists in drawing the rod or

page_text: shaft through an adjustable die, and thereafter subjecting the said drawn rod or
shaft to the action of a straightening machine opposite the points which are out
of straight line, and tending the said rod or bar in the direction opposite the crook
until sufficient set has been produced to overcome the crook.
Figure 1, is a longitudinal section of a sufficient portion of a machine embodying
the invention herein contained to enable the same to be understood, the way and
piston being broken out and part of the cylinder being broken off or omitted to
save room on the drawing.
The cylinder A, for water, steam, or other fluid, and in practice a little longer
than the rod to be drawn, is provided with a piston B having a piston-rod C which,
at its outer end, is provided with a clutch composed as herein shown of a metal
block or head D open at one side and at one end, and chambered centrally for the
reception of the toothed jaws a, a shown as wedge shaped at their backs to bear
against wedge shaped or inclined seats in the said head. Instead of this clutch
any other well known clutch may be employed.
The die e, preferably a block of steel having a central opening in cross section
of the same shape as the rod which it is desired to produce, and cone shaped
externally, is fitted into the conical interior of the die-seat f
The flanged or outer end of the die-seat is acted upon at preferably four points
ninety degrees apart by adjusting screws or equivalent devices m which may be
turned in or out each one more or less and thereby turn the die-seat upon the
holder, and the holder on the frame F, the said adjusting screws enabling the
operator of the machine to adjust or tip the die-seat and fix the die e in exactly
the position necessary with relation to the line of draft on the rod and of the
movement of the clutch and piston rod, as to enable a rod, bar or shaft R, more or
less crooked before being drawn, to be drawn substantially straight or free from
crooks, which could not be done if the die were made spherical externally and was
free to move in a seat of proper shape to receive it.
To apply the rod, bar or shaft R to the machine to be drawn, its end will be
reduced for a sufficient distance to pass through the somewhat tapering opening of
the die e far enough to enter between the serrated jaws a of the clutch, the latter
being at such time forced closely up against the die-seat, and the jaws will be
pushed or driven forward far enough into the clutch head D to enable the teeth of
the jaws to bite into and grasp the reduced end of the rod or bar and thereafter, as
the clutch is drawn by the piston-rod in the direction of the arrow thereon, the
said jaws, by the action of their inclined backs against the inclines of the clutch,
will cause the jaws to grasp the rod or bar R so tightly as to enable the clutch to
draw the same through the die e and shape the rod or bar to correspond with the
shape of the opening in the said die.
Should the rod or shaft drawn through the die be found to contain a bend or 4
crook, the rod or bar will be passed through a machine consisting essentially of
three rollers, provided with annular grooves, two of these rollers being rotated in
the same direction in unison by gearing, the machine having two fast and one
loose pulley to receive an open and a crossed belt in suitable manner to enable the
said rollers to be rotated first in one and then in the other direction, while the third 4
roller is pressed by suitable screws upon the rod or bar, the latter at such time
resting upon the two former rollers.
Rotation of the main shaft in one and then in the other direction causes the rod,
placed between the said rollers, to be carried backward and forward through the
machine.
5

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Raphael Hunter Brandon in the Patent Office on the 21st May
1884.
RAPHAEL HUNTER BRANDON of N° 1 rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer and Patent Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR, AND
"
METHOD OF COLD DRAWING, AND COMPRESSING RODS, BARS AND SHAFTING
a communication to me by Charles Carroll Billings of Boston Massachusetts, United
States of America
The invention herein contained relates to improvements in mechanism for cold
drawing rods and shafting; and in a method to be described whereby the rods or
shafts are drawn in such manner as to overcome crooks and leave them substantially
straight.
This invention in machines for drawing rods and shafting consists of the
combination of a clutch or equivalent device to grasp and draw a rod or shaft, a
die-seat, and bearing points or rolls to sustain the said seat, with means
substantially as described or their mechanical equivalents to adjust the said die-seat
and die relatively to the line of movement of the clutch, as and for the purposes
hereinafter set forth.
Also, in a movable clutch, a die, a die-seat and seat holder, and center screws
and bearings or points, for the said seat and holder, combined with means
substantially as described to adjust the die-seat and seat holder with relation
to the frame of the machine and the line of movement of the clutch, as will be
described.
Also in the herein described method of drawing rods, bars or shafts to make them
straight, which consists in drawing the same through a die made adjustable with
relation to the line of draft of the clutch and rod, bar or shaft, to overcome crooks
in the same as will be described.
Also in the herein described method of drawing, compressing and treating rods
and shafting to produce the same free from bends or crooks, which consists in
drawing the rod or shaft through an adjustable die, and thereafter subjecting the
said drawn rod or shaft to the action of a straightening machine opposite the points
which are out of straight line, and bending the said rod or bar in the direction
opposite the crook until sufficient set has been produced to overcome the crook, as'
will be described.
Fig: 1 is a longitudinal section of a sufficient portion of a machine embodying
the invention herein contained to enable the same to be understood, the way and
piston being broken out and part of the cylinder being broken off or omitted to
save room on the drawing.
Figure 2 is a section of figure 1, on the dotted line x, x.
Figure 3, is a section of figure 2 on the dotted line x².
Figure 4, represents the knife edge bearings removed.
Figure 5, is a section of figure 1, on the dotted line x³.
Figures 6 & 7, are modifications to be referred to.
Figures 8 and 9, are respectively side and front elevations of a straightening
machine more suitable for removing long crooks.
Figure 10, is a side elevation of the final straightening machine to be described
adapted to straighten rods or shafts requiring to be particularly straight; and,
Figure 11, is a section of figure 10, on the dotted line y, y.
The cylinder A, for water, steam, or other fluid, and in practice a little longer
than the rod to be drawn, is provided with a piston B having a piston-rod C

page_text: which, at its outer end, is provided with a clutch composed as herein shown of a
metal block or head D open at one side and at one end, and chambered centrally
for the reception of the toothed jaws a, a, shown as wedge shaped at their backs to
bear against wedge shaped or inclined seats in the said head. Instead of this
clutch, any other well known clutch may be employed.
The piston rod C and piston B are operated by water or other suitable fluid.
The clutch-head in practice will be provided with grooves. to run on ways F of
the frame as does the cross head of an engine, the said ways in practice being as
long as the rod or shaft to be drawn.
The die e, preferably a block of steel having a central opening in cross section, of
the same shape as the rod, which it is desired to produce, and cone shaped externally,
is fitted into the conical interior of the die-seat f.
This die-seat f, shown in figures 1 to 3, has an outer rim f¹, which is pivoted by
center screws f extended through the seat-holder g, which latter is pivoted to the
frame F by center screws g¹ located at right angles to the center screws f³, of the
die seat, so that the seat-holder g and die-seat f form a universally pivoted bed
or support for the die e.
The frame-work F, figures 1 to 3, has steel knife-edge bearings i about or on
which the seat-holder g rests and is made movable.
The die-seat fis provided with steel knife-edge bearings which rest against the
front side of the seat-holder g constituting points on or about which the said seat f
turns with relation to the said holder.
The flanged or outer end of the die-seat is acted upon at preferably four points,
ninety degrees apart, by adjusting screws or equivalent devices m which may be
turned in or out each one, more or less, and thereby turn the die-seat upon the
holder about the points h, and the holder on the frame F, about the points i, the
said adjusting screws enabling the operator of the machine to adjust or tip the
die-seat, and fix the die e in exactly the position necessary with relation to the line
of draft on the rod and of the movement of the clutch and piston-rod, as to
enable a rod, bar or shaft R, more or less crooked, before being drawn, to be drawn
substantially straight or free from crooks, which could not be done if the die were
made spherical externally and was free to move in a seat of proper shape to
receive it.
The provision herein made for adjusting the position of the die and its seat with
relation to the line of movement or draft of the clutch, and of fixing the same in
adjusted position, is very important.
The bearings or points h, i are exactly in line with the supporting center
screws f, g, before referred to.
To apply the rod, bar or shaft R to the machine to be drawn, its end will be
reduced for a sufficient distance to pass through the somewhat tapering opening of
the die e far enough to enter between the serrated jaws a, of the clutch, the latter
being at such time forced closely up against the die-seat, and the jaws will be
pushed or driven forward far enough into the clutch head D to enable the teeth of
the jaws to bite into and grasp the reduced end of the rod or bar, and thereafter, as
the clutch is drawn by the piston-rod in the direction of the arrow thereon, the said
jaws, by the action of their inclined backs against the inclines of the clutch, will
cause the jaws to grasp the rod or bar R so tightly as to enable the clutch to draw
the same through the die e and shape the rod or bar to correspond with the shape
of the opening in the said die.
In the modification shown in figures 6 and 7, the die-seat f, bevelled externally
more than in figures 1 and 3, is mounted upon or placed against anti-friction
rollers held in a holder o fixed with relation to the frame F.
The adjusting screws m in figure 6, are employed to adjust the position of the
die-seat and fix the same and its contained die e with relation to the draft or line
of movement of the clutch as described with relation to similar screws shown in
figure 1.

page_text: The machine herein described provided with a die having an opening of proper
shape may be employed to cold draw and compress solid or hollow rods or articles
of metal either round, square, or of other desired shape in cross section.
The rod, shaft or other article properly greased when being drawn will issue from
the die with a smooth finished surface ready for use in most cases without further
polishing, but if desired, the same may be chucked and rotated in a lathe and be
polished with emery and oil, clamped upon the rod, and moved by hand.
If desired, a rod or bar to be drawn through the die and compressed or reduced
in diameter may be coated with copper, tin or zinc or be nickel plated, so that the
rod will have a drawn metal coating.
Should the rod or shaft drawn through the die e, be found to contain a bend or
crook, the rod or bar will be passed through a machine consisting essentially of
three rollers m, m³, m², provided with annular grooves, two of these rollers m, m³
being rotated in the same direction in unison by gearing, as shown in figures 8.
and 9, the machine having two fast and one loose pulley to receive an open and a
crossed belt in suitable manner to enable the said rollers to be rotated first in one,
and then in the other direction, while the third roller m² is pressed by suitable
screws n upon the rod or bar, the latter, at such time, resting upon the two former
rollers m, m².
Rotation of the main shaft n' in one, and then in the other direction, causes the
rod, placed between the said rollers, to be carried backward and forward through
the machine.
Preparatory to passing the drawn rod or bar through the machine, represented in
figures 8, and 9, the operator will balance the rod upon a so called " "horse or rest,
to determine the direction of the crook or bend in the bar or rod, and the same
having been ascertained, he passes the said bar or rod through, between the
rollers m, m2, on one side, and the roller m¹ on the other side, the convex portion
of the bar, in the direction of its length, being uppermost, or in contact with
roller m²; the roller m' will occupy a higher or lower position with relation to the
surface of the rollers m, m2, according to the extent of the crook or bend to
be overcome, the aim being to bend the rod for a sufficient distance in the opposite
direction to make the bar straight.
This action may be repeated from time to time, as needed and upon such rods or
bars as happen to contain crooks or bends occasioned by not having properly
adjusted the die-seat.
Such rods and shafts, as require extreme straighteness, are placed in the final
straightening machine, represented in figures 10 and 11, such machine containing
two sets of wheels p, having smooth surfaces, and upon which the rod or shaft is
placed, to be rotated frictionnally.
This final straightening machine contains a series of adjustable rests r, guided in
a movable carriage C² having a pressing block 7, made movable by a screw m³.
These rests are made vertically movable by wedges, preferably serrated at their
upper sides, to engage corresponding serrations at the lower ends of the said restar,
see figure 11.
While the rod or shaft is being rotated by the wheels p, the attendant will
move the carriage C² along the bar, the pressing block being elevated, and the
rests being lowered, and will hold a piece of chalk at one of the rests >', in such
proximity to the rotating rod, as to cause any portion of the same not straight, to
strike the chalk, thus indicating to the attendant, the crooked portions.
The crook a, having been thus ascertained, the rod will be engaged by hand, and
stopped, and the portion marked by the chalk will be placed uppermost, under the
pressing-block, and two of the rests r, according to the length of the crook, will
be elevated against the underside of the rod, and then the pressing block r² will be
forced down, to overcome the crook.
This will be repeated from time to time, and place to place, until the rod or shaft
is straight.

page_text: that it is the aim of this invention, to produce, at a very much less cost, than
turned shafting.
The compression given to the rods or bars by the operation of the die e, greatly
increases. the rigidity and tensile strength of the metal; the greater the reduction
of the rod or bar, when drawing it through the die e, the greater the rigidity and
the tensile strength of the bar, while the elastic limit, is at the same time, elevated
to about one hundred per cent.
The rods or bars which will be drawn and compressed in this machine, may be
of any of the metals, as for instance, wrought iron, steel, ingot-iron, copper, brass,
zinc, etc;
CLAIMS.
1. In a machine, for drawing and compressing rods or bars, the combination of
a clutch or equivalent device, to grasp and draw a rod or bar, a die, a die-seat, and
bearing points or rolls, to sustain the said seat, with means, substantially as
described, or their mechanical equivalents to adjust the said die-seat and die,
relatively to the line of movement of the clutch, as, and for the purposes set forth.
2. In a machine, for drawing and compressing rods or bars, a movable clutch or
equivalent device, a die, a die-seat and seat holder, and center screws, and bearings
or points, for the said seat and holder, combined with means, substantially as
described, to adjust the die-seat and seat holder, with relation to the frame of the
machine, and the line of movement of the clutch, as described.
3. The herein described method of drawing rods, bars or shafts, to make them
straight, which consists in drawing the same through a die, made adjustable, with
relation to the line of draft, of the clutch and rod, bar or shaft, to overcome crooks
in the same, as described.
4. The herein described method of drawing, compressing and treating rods and
shafting, to produce the same, free from bends or crooks, which consists in drawing
the rod or shaft through an adjustable die, and thereafter subjecting the said drawn
rod or shaft to the action of a straightening machine, opposite the points, which
are out of straight line, and bending the said rod or bar in the direction, opposite
the crook, until sufficient set has been produced, to overcome the crook, substantially
as described.
In Witness whereof, I, the said, Raphael Hunter Brandon have hereunto set
my hand and seal this 11th day of March in the year of our Lord 1881