IMPROVEMENTS IN נו ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thomas Whiteman of No. 7 Staple Inn in the
County of Middlesex Patent Agent, for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
נו
ELECTRIC LAMPS ▲ communication from abroad by Messieurs M. Bauer and
Company of Paris France Civil Engineers
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thomas Whiteman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1882.
"
WILLIAM THOMAS WHITEMAN of No. 7 Staple Inn in the County of Middlesex
Patent Agent
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS" [A communication from
abroad by Messieurs M. Bauer and Company of Paris France Civil Engineers.]
This invention consists partly of Improvements on an invention for which,
Letters Patent No. 2038 dated 10th May 1881 were granted to Herbert John'
Haddan and the said improvements consist first in using a horseshoe electro
magnet for actuating and controlling the motion of the carbons in electric arc
lamps the said magnet being so mounted in the lamp as to be capable of vibrating
or turning on pivots or axes formed at the ends of the bar by which the two limbs
of the magnet are connected. The said two limbs of the magnet are of unequal
length and the pole of the longer limb is curved with a radial curve the centre of
which is the axis on which the magnet turns. The said magnet is so mounted in
the lamp that the pole of its shorter limb bears against the iron rod carrying the
upper carbon
The said Improvements consist further in forming the pole of the shorter limb
of the magnet which bears against the rod carrying the upper carbon as hereinafter
described
Portions of the end of the core of the magnet are cut away both above and
below its horizontal diameter so as to produce a pole having somewhat the form of
a knife edge and the cut away parts of the core are filled in with brass or other
non magnetic metal so that the only portion of the pole exposed is its horizontal
diameter. The face of the said non magnetic metal is curved with a radial curve
the centre of which is the axis on which the magnet turns.
The effect of this arrangement is that when the magnet is in a horizontal position
the exposed part of the pole is in actual contact with the iron rod carrying the
upper carbon but when the magnet is in an inclined position whether its free end
be raised or lowered its pole is separated from the iron rod by the non magnetic
metal which covers the other parts of the pole and the attraction between them is
consequently weakened.

page_text: The said Improvements consist further in arranging the block or bar of iron
towards which the free end of the magnet is attracted when a current passes
through its coils slightly out of the path of motion of the magnet by which means
the attraction between the said block and magnet is softened and equalized and a
greater range of motion for the magnet is obtained. The said block is mounted in
proximity to the pole of the longer limb of the said magnet.
The said Improvements consist further of the arrangement hereinafter described
of the magnetic brake by which the motion of the vibrating magnet is controlled.
The said arrangement consists of a strip of brass or other non magnetic metal
affixed at one end to some suitable part of the lamp and touching near its free end
the pole of the longer limb of the electro magnet and carrying at its upper part a
screw-pin or rod of non magnetic metal on which a block of iron and a lock nut
are screwed. The said screw pin or rod projects from the face of the strip of brass
opposite to that which touches the magnet and the block of iron is capable of
being adjusted to and fixed at any required distance from the said strip. When a
current of electricity passes through the magnet the attraction between the pole of
its longer limb and the block of iron mounted on the pin affixed to the strip of brass
causes the said strip to be pressed against the said pole and the friction between
the said strip-and-pole-prevents the too free motion of the magnet.
The action of the electric lamp to which the improvements herein before described-
are applied is as follows. When no current is passing the carbons are in contact.
When the current passes through the lamp the magnet turns on its pivots its free
end rising owing to the attraction between the pole of its longer limb and the
fixed iron block. The attraction between the pole of the shorter limb and the iron
bar carrying the upper carbon causes the-said-bar to rise with the magnet and the
electric arc is formed. When from consumption of the carbons the space between
them is increased the current is weakened the electro magnet then descends by its
own weight-until-it-is-in-such_a_position that the attraction between the magnet
and the iron rod carrying the carbon is so much reduced that the said rod-descends-
and the strength of the current is thereby again increased. The increase of strength
of the current increases the attraction between the magnet and the fixed iron block
and the magnet rises until it is in position again to hold the rod.
The magnetic brake described prevents any sudden or violent motion of the
magnet and consequently of the upper carbon and the force with which the said
brake acts may be regulated according to the intensity of the current by screwing
the iron block nearer to or farther froin the brass strip.
Instead of applying the adjusting apparatus herein before described to the rod
carrying the upper carbon the said apparatus may be applied to the rod carrying
the lower carbon. This arrangement is very advantageous in lamps where long
carbons are required to be used.
This Invention consists further of the means hereinafter described for connecting
a glass globe to an electric lamp. According to this part of the said Invention a
tube or socket is secured to the base of the lamp in which tube or socket other
tubes slide concentrically after the manner of the tubes of a telescope the said
tubes having flanges at their ends by which they are prevented from separating.
To the lower part of the innermost of these concentric tubes a flange and handle
are secured and on the said flange clips are formed which engage with a flange on
the lower part of the tube affixed to the lamp base the arrangement being similar
to a bayonet joint fastening. On the flange carrying the clips the mount at the
lower part of the globe rests and the said globe is supported thereby. This
arrangement admits of access being obtained to the lamp without detaching the
globe therefrom the said globe being lowered by turning the handle sufficiently to
clear the clips from the flange with which they are engaged and then drawing out
the telescopic tubes which are of sufficient length to allow the globe to descend
clear of the lamp.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Thomas Whiteman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st October 1882.
Et
WILLIAM THOMAS WHITEMAN of No 7 Staple Inn in the County of Middlesex
Patent Agent
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS" A communication from
abroad by Messieurs M. Bauer and Company of Paris France Civil Engineers.
This invention consists partly of improvements on an invention for which
Letters Patent No. 2038 dated 10th May 1881 were granted to Herbert John
Haddan and the said improvements consist first in using a horseshoe electro
magnet for actuating and controlling the notion of the carbons in electric are
lamps the said magnet being so mounted in the lamp as to be capable of vibrating
or turning on pivots or axes formed at the ends of the bar by which the two limbs
of the magnet are connected. The said two limbs of the magnet are of unequal
length and the pole of the longer limb is curved with a radial curve the centre of
which is the axis on which the magnet turns. The said magnet is so mounted in
the lamp that the pole of its shorter limb bears against the iron rod carrying the
upper carbon,
The said improvements consist further in forming the pole of the shorter limb
of the magnet which bears against the rod carrying the upper carbon as hereinafter
described.
Portions of the end of the core of the magnet are cut away both above and
below its horizontal diameter so as to produce a pole having somewhat the form of
a knife edge and the cut away parts of the core are filled in with brass or other
non magnetic metal so that the only portion of the pole exposed is its horizontal
diameter. The face of the said non magnetic metal is curved with a radial curve the
centre of which is the axis on which the magnet turns.
The effect of this arrangement is that when the magnet is in a horizontal
position the exposed part of the pole is in actual contact with the iron rod carrying
the upper carbon but when the magnet is in an inclined position (whether its free
end be raised or lowered) its pole is separated from the iron rod by the non
magnetic metal which covers the other parts of the pole and the attraction between
them is consequently weakened.
The said improvements consist further in arranging the block or bar of iron
towards which the free end of the magnet is attracted when a current passes
through its coils slightly out of the path of motion of the magnet by which means
the attraction between the said block and nugnet is softened and equalized and a
greater range of motion for the magnet is obtained. The said block is mounted
in proximity to the pole of the longer limb of the said magnet. The said improve-
ments consist further of the arrangement hereinafter described of the magnetic
brako by which the motion of the vibrating inagnet is controlled.
The said
arrangement consists of a strip of brass or other non magnetic metal affixed at one
end to some suitable part of tho lamp and touching near its free end the pole of
the longer limb of the electro magnet and carrying at its upper part a screw pin or.
rod of non magnetic metal on which a block of iron and a lock nut are screwed.
The said screw pin or rod projects from the face of the strip of brass opposite to
that which touches the magnet and the block of irou is capable of being adjusted
to and fixed at any required distance from the said strip. When a current of
electricity passes through the magnet the attraction between the pole of its longer
limb and the block of iron mounted on the pin affixed to the strip of brass causes
the said strip to be pressed against the said pole and the friction between the said.
strip and pole prevents the too free motion of the magnet.

page_text: Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings are elevations taken at right
angles to each other and partly in section of an electric are lamp to which the
improvements hereinbefore described are applied Figures 3 and 4 are details
hereinafter referred to.
A is the case containing the regulating apparatus B is the upper carbon which is
secured to an iron rod by means of a clamp b and C is the lower carbon secured
in the lower part of a frame or holder c'. The said rod b¹ is suspended by a cord ³
which is attached thereto at one end and passes over a pulley a' mounted in a
bracket a² affixed to the upper part of the case A and under a pulley on the upper
part of the franc c' and is attached at the other end to the said bracket a². This
connection of the two carbons insures the simultaneous movement in the required
ratio, D is the horse shoc electro magnet. d¹ d' are the pivots on which the said
magnet turns which pivots work in standards d' d' affixed to the base of the case A.
The said magnet is shown separately drawn of the full size in plan in Figure 3 and
in elevation partly in section in Figure 4. The pole d³ of the longer limb of the
magnet D is extended at de and is curved with a radial curve the centre of which is
the axis of the pivots d' d'. The formation of the polo of the shorter limb d³ of
the said magnet which pole is in contact with the rod b¹ may be clearly seen by
reference-to-Figure 4-in-which Figure the said pole is shown in section d* ‹ being
the coverings of brass or other non magnetic metal with which-the-cut-away-parts
of the core are filled in so that the only portion of the pole exposed is its horizontal
diameter. The rod b' is held against the said pole or the non magnetic covering
thereof by magnetic attraction when the lamp is in circuit. The faces of the
covering pieces d' d' are also curved with a radial curve struck from the axis of the
pivots d¹ d'.
By thus forming and covering the said pole the rod b' is held with greatest force
when the magnet is in a horizontal position and with gradually decreasing force as
--the-soid-maguet is turned on its pivots whether its free end be raised or lowered.
E is the block or bar of iron towards which-the-free-end-of-the_magnet_is
attracted when the lamp is in circuit which block is set slightly out of the path of
motion of the pole and is secured to a standard e¹ by means of a screw e which
passes through a slot e³ in the said standard which arrangement admits of the
vertical adjustment of the said block
Ffffs are the parts of the magnetic brake F being the strip of non magnetic
metal screwed to the case A of the lamp the screw pin secured to the said strip f*
the block of iron mounted on the said pin and f³ the lock nut by which the
block f is secured on the pin f¹ at the required distance from the strip F. By
screwing the said block of iron nearer to or farther from the strip of metal F the
force with which the said block is attracted towards the pole d³ and the consequent
pressure or friction of the said strip on it may be regulated according to the
intensity of the current passing through the lamp.
Instead of securing the strip of non-magnetic metal to the case of the lamp as
herein before described in order to form a support for the block f the said non-
magnetic metal may be supported by the said block which may be mounted in any
way which will admit of its free motion only towards or from the magnet in the
direction or line in which the attraction of the magnet acts.
G is an adjustable spring by which the tendency of the magnet D to rise when
the current is passing may be regulated and H is a screw stop for limiting the
downward motion of the said magnet.
The current passes through the lamp as follows:-From the insulated clamp I to
which the positive pole of the generator is connected the current passes by a
suitable conductor to one coil of the magnet D near its pivotted end and from the
said magnet by the other coil to a conductor also attached near the pivotted end of
the magnet thence to the iron rod b' carrying the upper carbon B through which
the current passes to the lower carbon C and its holder c' and thence by a suitable
conductor to the clamp J which is connected with the negative pole of the
generator.

page_text: The action of the arrangement herein before described is as follows When no
current is passing the carbons are in contact. When the current passes through the
lamp the magnet D turns on its pivots its free end rising owing to the attraction
between the pole d' of its longer limb and the fixed block E the attraction between
the pole of the shorter limb d³ and the iron rod b' carrying the upper carbon B
causes the said rod to rise with the magnet D and the electric are is formed. When
from consumption of the carbons the space between them is increased the current
is weakened the electro magnet D then gradually descends by its own weight or by
the action of the spring G until its pole d³ rests on the stop H in which position
the magnet remains until by the further consumption of the carbons the current is
so weakened that the rod bi slips downward. During the downward motion of the
rod b' the strength of the current increases and simultaneously with the said
downward movement the magnet D rises being attracted by the iron block E until
the said magnet is in position again to hold the said rod b. These motions being
but slight cause no perceptible variation of the light.
Instead of applying the adjusting apparatus hereinbefore described to the rod
carrying the upper carbon the said apparatus may be applied to the rod carrying
the lower carbon. This arrangement which is very advantageous in lamps where
long carbons are required to be used is illustrated in Figure 6 of the accompanying
drawings. The parts of the regulating apparatus (which are necessarily inverted
in this arrangement it being required to govern the upward motion of the said
lower carbon) are marked with the same letters and Figures of reference as in
Figures 1. 2. 3 and 4 and need no further description.
The carbon holders are connected by cords and wires K K which are each
secured at one end to the upper carbon holder and pass over pulleys ' ' carried
by the top plate L of the lamp and under pulleys on the lower carbon holder
and are secured at their other ends to the plate carrying the regulating mechanism.
In this arrangement the glass globe of the lamp is suspended as shown in
Figure 7 by cords or chains m m and counterbalanced by weights m' m'.
This invention consists further of the incans herein after described for connecting
a glass globe to an electric lamp. According to this part of the said invention a
tube or socket is secured to the base of the lamp in which tube or socket other
tubes slide concentrically after the manner of the tubes of a telescope the said
tubes having flanges at their ends by which they are prevented from separating.
To the lower part of the innerinost of these concentric tubes a flange and handle
are secured and on the said flange clips are formed which engage with a flange on
the lower part of the tube affixed to the lamp base the arrangement being
somewhat similar to a bayonet joint fastening On the flange carrying the clips
the mount at the lower part of the globe rests and the said globe is supported
thereby.
This arrangement is illustrated in combination with the lanp shown in
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings hereinbefore referred to and is
shown separately in secton and in plan in Figures 8 and 9 respectively of the
said drawings and is hereinafter described. N is a tube or socket secured to the
base of the lamp in which tube or socket other tubes n' n³ ³ slide concentrically
after the manner of the tubes of a telescope. The said tubes n¹ n² n³ have rings
or flanges n' n' formed on or secured to their ends by which they are prevented
from separating.
The innermost tube n³ is closed at the lower part and to the closed end a
plate O is secured which supports the mount of the glass globe P and has a ring
handle o' and lugs o² o formed on it which lugs engage with other lugs no no on
the tube or socket N. This arrangement admits of access being obtained to the
lamp without detaching the globe P therefrom the said globe being lowered by
turning the handle o' sufficiently to clear the lugs o³ o from the lugs on the tube
or socket N with which they are engaged and then drawing out the telescopic
tubes as shown in Figure 8. The globe P is thus lowered clear of the lamp. In
order to prevent the accidental disengagement of the lugs os o² from the lugs n³ n³

page_text: depressions may be formed in the latter in which depressions the said lugs o² o²
rest when the glass globe is in its raised position. In this arrangement the glass
globe requires to be raised slightly before the concentric tubes can be unlocked to
lower the said globe.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed I wish it to be understood that I claim as the said
invention of "Improvements in electric lamps."
First The combination and arrangement of parts of the apparatus herein before
described with reference to and illustrated in Figures 1. 2 and 6 of the
accompanying drawings for adjusting the relative positions of and regulating or
controlling the motion of the carbons in electric arc lamps the said arrangement
consisting of an oscillatory horse shoe electro magnet one pole of which is in
juxtaposition to or in contact with an iron rod carrying one of the carbons and
the other pole of which is in contact with a magnetic brake and in proximity to a
fixed block of iron the attraction between which block and the magnet tends to
separate the carbons or to oppose their approach towards each other when the
lamp is in circuit substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
-Secondly-Forming and covering the pole of an oscillatory electro magnet used
for actuating and controlling the motion of the carbons in electric arc lamps-as-
herein before described and illustrated in Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly The use in electric arc lamps of a magnetic brake of the kind herein-
before described and illustrated in Figures 1. 2. 4 and 6 of the accompanying
drawings the said arrangement consisting essentially of a block of iron and a piece
of non-magnetic metal adjustably-secured together the said block being so
mounted in proximity to one of the poles of an electro magnet as to be capable of
being attracted towards the said pole and to have free motion only in the direction
-in-which_the_attraction_of_the magnet acts and the said brake being so arranged
that the part consisting of non-magnetic metal shall be nearest to the said-magnet-
the motion of the carbons or of the mechanism by which they are actuated being
controlled by friction caused by the said attraction.
Fourthly The arrangement for connecting glass globes to electric lamps herein-
before described with reference to and illustrated in Figures 1. 2. 8 and 9 of the
accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said William Thomas Whiteman have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twentieth day of October in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty two