CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING WOOLLEN CLOTHS, ALSO IN PREPARING AND USING WIRE CARDS AS APPLICABLE TO THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1819

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
CLISILD DANIELL, of Frome, in the County of Somerset, Clothier, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventeenth day of
July, in the fifty-ninth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Clisild
Daniell, my exors, adíñors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the
term of years herein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING WOOLLEN CLOTHS, ALSO IN PREPARING AND
USING WIRE CARDS AS APPLICABLE TO THAT PURPOSE;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso that if I, the said Joseph Clissild Daniell
shall not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and
immediately, after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and privileges thereby granted, shall utterly
cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same, relation being
thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: 1
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings, hereunto annexed, and
the following description thereof (that is to say) :-
These improvements consist of three principles.
The first principle is the grinding or reducing the extremities or ends of the
wires or teeth of cards (being implements of trade composed of wire set in
leather) used for the purpose of dressing or raising the piles on woollen cloths
to a picked point, or reducing them as tending or inclining to a picked point,
which I perform by means of a roller fixed on an axletree (see Drawing
Fig. 1, letter A,) made smooth and true on its surface, about eighteen inches
diameter, and about six inches longer than the longest card required to be
pointed or ground. The said roller to be covered with wire card,, or, what is
by card makers called filletting, such as is used on engines for seribling wool,
which filletting, when fastened by nailing round the said roller so as to cover
the surface thereof, I stuff so as nearly to fill the interstices or spaces between
the wires or teeth of the said filletting with a mixture of grease and fine
gravel, emery, or any other fine sharp gravel. The said roller I set in motion
or turn from one hundred to two hundred and fifty revolutions per minute by
means of a pulley (see Fig. 1, letter B.) fixed to the axletree of the said
roller, and a strap, acting on it in the usual manner of driving machinery, or
by any other fit mechanical means. The card to be ground or pointed I nail
to a board made plain and smooth with a handle fixed to the back part of it
to hold it by while grinding, and the extremities of the teeth of the card, so
nailed I apply (see Fig. 1, C, also Fig. 2) to the filletting which covers the
said roller while in motion, exactly in a similar manner as in grinding cards
(used for dressing woollen cloth) on a strickle roller, that is, a roller covered
on its surface with gravel emery and glue, which is commonly practised by
card makers and others. Excepting while grinding I traverse the card a little
from side to side. It is necessary, while grinding, to strew a little fine gravel
emery over the said filletting every two or three minutes, by which means the
teeth of the card will be brought up to a point in less time. Also care must
be taken to keep the stuffing or grease and emery in the said filletting soft,
so as the extremities of the teeth of the card might easily impress it by apply
ing a little oil or soft grease to it, otherwise the extremities of the teeth of
the card will be ground flat or chissel-like, similar to what is produced by
grinding on a strickle roller.
The second principle is the applying or using, for the purpose of dressing

page_text: or raising the pile on woollen cloths in machines called giggs (used in the
cloathing manufacture), pointed wire cards or cards with the extremities or
ends of their teeth or wires made picked; and the applying or using for the
said purpose of dressing or raising the pile on woollen cloths, cards with their
extremities or ends of their teeth reduced or made smaller, or tending or
inclining to a picked point otherwise than what is produced by grinding cards
on à strickle roller or on a steel roller cut on its surface like a file, or on
or with a stone, by either of which means the ends or extremities of the teeth
of the card would be ground flat, not tending or inclining to a picked point)
as is commonly practised. Also, for applying or using for dressing or raising
the pile on woollen cloths by hand (commonly called hand dressing) -such
pointed wire cards, or cards with the ends or extremities of their teeth reduced
as before described, or using pointed wire set or fixed in any other substance
instead of leather, as applicable to dressing or raising the pile on woollen
cloths by hand.. Likewise applying or using wire cards for the purpose of
dressing or raising the pile on woollen cloths, with their teeth or wires made
of greater length than the teeth or wires of cards hitherto used for the said
purpose of dressing woollen cloths, which gives them greater elasticity; and
will be found necessary when the ends of the teeth or wires of cards are
pointed' or reduced. In dressing or raising the pile on woollen cloths by the
gig I find it best to use the pointed wire card in small pieces about one inch
wide, and one and a half inch long, with an allowance of leather for nailing,
each piece to contain about one hundred and ten teeth or staples, and each
staple or tooth to be made about seven eighths of an inch long, and the
leather in which they are to be set of a moderate thickness: The said
pieces of cards I nail on boards (see Drawing Fig. 3, Letters a, a, a, a);
leaving a space between each piece of card equal to its length, the said boards
to be made as long as the cylinder of the gig in which they are to be used,
and to be fastened to it by screws, or in the usual manner practised by those
who make use of long boards in dressing by the gig; and the parts of the said
boards on which the said pieces of card are to be fixed.to be made rounding,
or of a circular form (see Drawing Fig. 4; b, b, b, b); so that when the said
pieces of cards are nailed to it the points of. their teeth will, form a curve
(see Drawing Fig. 4, c, c, c, c), by which means the card will operáté móre
equal on the surface of the cloth. The card may be used in larger pieces; and
may be fixed so as to leave less space between each piece, but too great a
quantity of card in operation will distress the cloth, and endanger the ground
thereof; or if used without any space between the pieces of card so as to form
a continuation of card along the board, and without the circular parts on the

page_text: board, but the board made plain, it would not raise the pile or wool so even on
wrinkley cloths. I use about twelve of the said boards on the cylinder at one
time, and care must be taken to place or dispose them on the surface of the
cylinder of the gig so as for the said pieces of card to operate on the cloth from
list to list as equally as possible, otherwise the cloth will appear streaky on the
face when finished; if the cloth has too much bresting or clip on the cylinder
of the gig, or if the cloth is pressed or strained too tight on the card while in
work, it will injure the card and endanger the ground of the cloth. In using
or applying pointed wire cards or cards with the extremities of their teeth or
wires reduced or made picked for the purpose of raising the pile on woollen
cloth by hand, I find it best to have my cards made about eight inches long,
and from two to three inches wide, with an allowance of leather for nailing,
the teeth or staples of which to be made about seven eights of an inch long,
and not set so thick or close together in the leather as the teeth are set
in cards commonly made use of in dressing by hand; and the leather
in which the teeth are set to be of a moderate thickness. The said cards
to be nailed to boards similar to those made use of for dressing by hand,
and applied to the cloth in the usual way or manner which cards are now
used in dressing or raising the pile on woollen cloths by hand, excepting they
are to be applied to the cloth more gently, otherwise they will be liable to
damage the cloth.
⚫ The third principle is the heating woollen cloths after the wool or pile is
raised by dressing, and before the cloth is racked or dried, for the purpose
of producing a fine and more durable lustre, closing the texture of the cloth,
and giving it a soft handle, which I perform by winding the cloth smooth and
tight on a roller while it is quite wet after it is finished raising, and the wool-
smoothly laid on the face; I then put it into a furnace (made of a sufficient
length to admit the roller with a cloth on it) and completely cover it with
water, which water is to be heated by means of a fire under the furnace in the
usual manner. The cloth is to remain in the furnace until it is hot in every
part; I then take it out of the furnace and let it get cold before I take it off
the roller, when it will be fit to be dried. Care must be taken that the wool
on the face of the cloth is not ruffled or disordered in winding on the roller.
before it is heated.
The following is an explanation of the Drawing to which the above
description refers..
Fig. 1, Letter A, the roller on which the filletting is fixed for pointing or.
grinding the teeth of the cards; B, the pulley fixed on the axletree of roller
A, by which it is turned or driven; C, the card fixed to the board, and applied

page_text: to the filletting on roller A for the purpose of grinding the ends of the teeth
to a picked point; D, the frame on which the roller A is placed, and on which
it is turned or driven.
Fig. 2 a side section of roller (A, Fig. 1) and the card (c, Fig. 1) shewing
the way or direction the roller (A, Fig. 1) turns on its axletree and the
direction or inclination of the teeth of the filletting on the said roller, and the
direction or inclination of the teeth of the said card while grinding.
Fig. 3 the board on which the pieces of card are nailed, and which is to be
fixed to the cylinder of the gig; a, a, a, a, the pieces of card nailed to the
board, leaving a space between each piece.
Fig. 4 a section of the board Fig. 3, representing the circular parts b, b, b, b,
on which the picces of card are nailed, and shewing the teeth of the
card c, c, c, c.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and nineteen.
J. C. (L.s.) DANIELL.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of September, in the
year of our Lord 1819, the aforesaid Joseph Clisild Daniell came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eleventh day of September, in the year of our Lord