aucing Pictures on Glass.
Year: 1885

page_text: aucing Pictures on Glass.
I THOMAS JOHN GULLICK of N° 103 New Bond Street in the County of Middlesex
Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR USE IN PAINTING ON GLASS AND IN THE
METHOD OR PROCESS OF PRODUCING PICTURES ON GLASS" to be as follows :—
The production of pictures on glass has heretofore been effected chiefly by the
use of pot metal colours and enamel colours. Occasionally ordinary pigments mixed
with oil or other medium or vehicle of the kind used for painting on the surfaces
of opaque materials have been used for painting such pictures. When pot metal
colours are used leaded joinings are required and when enamel colours are used it
is necessary to "fire" them on the glass to which they are applied which process
produces changes of the colours used and involves-risk of breakage and only sheets
of glass of moderate dimensions can be fired. When ordinary oil colours and
ordinary mediums and vehicles are used they are liable to change both the colours
and the mediums or vehicles becoming oxidised by the action of the atmosphere
whereby the transparency of the paintings is destroyed or impaired.
The objects of my Invention are to obviate these objections and to facilitate the
production of pictures of higher artistic character than have heretofore been pro-
duced on glass and to produce effects in painting on glass which the ordinary
processes do not admit of.
In preparing the materials according to my Invention I proceed as follows:-
I take the palest aimber and after reducing it somewhat in a mortar I dissolve so
much of it as will dissolve in fresh twice rectified spirits of turpentine by the aid of
long continued heat allowing several weeks or months for the action of the solvents.
The amber remaining undissolved I fuse and mix with linseed oil. The products of
these two operations I unite and add to them copal varnish in moderate quantity
and bring the mixture to the consistence for painting by the addition of a volatile
oil such as spirits of turpentine or oil of turpentine or spike oil or by the addition
of benzole or other diluents which evaporate readily and leave little or no residuum
and I further add to the mixture as a drier calcined white copperas or other drier
not derived from lead. The usual lead driers render the colours opaque and are

page_text: therefore not suitable. Should the mixture be acid I neutralize and remove the
acid by means of an alkali preferably calcined magnesia. The mixture prepared as
hereinbefore described is hereinafter termed "the medium."
The pigments which I use are those which are known to possess the greatest
permanency and transparency. In selecting such pigments I test them in order to
ascertain that they are chemically pure and I roject all which are prepared from
lead pigments or colours prepared from lead being unsuitable for my purpose.
Having selected suitable pigment I carefully levigate them and grind them finally
with the medium herein before described by means of which the particles of the
pigments are clothed and "locked up' or preserved from contact with the atmo-
sphere and with each other more perfectly than they could be by mixture on the
palette in the usual way and are rendered more transparent.
In producing paintings on glass according to my Invention I wash the surface of
the glass to be painted on with a solution of an alkali in water and rub the said
surface dry and immediately cover it with a thin coat of the medium in order to
prevent any deposit of matter from the atmosphere on the glass and to keep the
pigments afterwards to be applied from contact with the glass and to prevent
thereby any possible chemical action of the said pigments or the glass upon each
other. The effects produced by the application of the colours with the medium
may be varied as may be required by varying the consistence of the medium and
by applying the medium charged with the colours by means of brushes or imple-
ments of different kinds and forms and by varying the method of handling or using
the brushes or implements with which the medium charged with the colours is
applied. If the painting is to be much exposed I varnish its surface with a coating
of the medium. Or if I wish to obtain a very thin transparent effect I varnish the
completed painting with a coating of lac varnish which I make by freeing the lac
from impurities chemically using chloroform as a solvent. I do not depend upon
simply calcining the lac in the usual manner.
When great transparency is not needed and especially when the glass is to be
rendered more or less opaque in order to obstruct the view through it I produce
the high lights in my paintings not in the usual way by leaving the glass bare or
merely by a flat transparent tint but by an effect of dead semi transparent white.
This effect I produce by mixing with the medium according to the requirements
powdered white glass or marble or white made from the waste of pearls and mother
of pearl or the compound known as sacram or other white and semi transparent
substance which when on the glass does not appear yellow or brown viewed by
transmitted light.
"
Paintings on glass executed according to my invention are free from the objec-
tions attendant on those executed according to the ordinary processes and are
practically unchangeable and may be washed and cleaned as glass is usually cleaned
and my method of painting is especially suited for the decoration of glass in
windows and screens and in all positions which admit of paintings thereon being
viewed by light transmitted through the glass.

page_text: Painting on Glass, and in the Method or Process of Pro-
ducing Pictures on Glass.
J. THOMAS JOHN GULLICK of N° 103 New Bond Street in the County of Middlesex
Artist do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR USE IN PAINTING ON GLASS AND IN THE
"
METHOD OR PROCESS OF PRODUCING PICTURES ON GLASS' and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The production of pictures in or on glass has heretofore been effected chiefly by
the use of pot metal colours and enamel colours. Occasionally ordinary pigments
mixed with oil or other medium or vehicle of tho kind used for painting on the
surfaces of opaque materials have been used for painting such pictures. When pot
metal colours are used leaded joinings are required and when enamel colours are
used it is necessary to "fire" them on the glass to which they are applied which
process produces changes of the colours used and involves risk of breakage and
only sheets of glass of moderate dimensions can be fired. Whon ordinary oil
colours and ordinary mediums and vehicles are used they are liable to be changed
by the action of the atmosphere and other causes whereby the truth of colouring
or the clearness and transparency of the painting is destroyed or impaired.
The objects of my Invention are to obviate these objections and to facilitate the
production of pictures of higher artistic character than have heretofore been
produced on glass and to produce effects in painting on glass which the ordinary
processes do not admit of.
In preparing the materials according to my Invention I proceed as follows:-
I take the palest amber and after reducing it somewhat in a mortar I dissolve so
much of it as will dissolve in fresh twice rectified spirits of turpentine by the aid
of long continued heat allowing several weeks or months for the action of the
solvent. The amber remaining undissolved I fuse and mix with linseed oil. The
products of these two operations I unite and add to them copal varnish in the pro-
portion of about one part by bulk of copal varnish to two parts by bulk of the
said mixture and I bring the mixture so produced to the consistence for painting
by the addition of linseed oil and a volatile oil such as spirits of turpentine or oil
of turpentine or spike oil or by the addition of benzolo or other diluents which
evaporate readily and leave little or no residuum and I further add to the mixture
as a drier calcined white copperas or other drier not derived from lead. The usual
lead driers render the colours opaque and are therefore not suitable. Should the
mixture be acid I neutralize and remove the acid by means of an alkali preferably
calcined magnesia. The mixture prepared as herein before described is hereinafter
termed "the medium."
In order to the successful preparation of the medium it is important that the
turpentine be fresh as the resin produced by oxidation of turpentine weakens the
hardening power of the other resins. It is also important that the amber be sub-
jected to the action of the turpentine for a long period in order that it may be.

page_text: thoroughly dissolved and that the linseed oil be used as sparingly as possible as
the presence of the said oil in the preparation tends to prevent it hardening.
The proportions required of the several ingredients vary according to the
circumstances and conditions under which the preparation is to be used such as
the temperature of the atmosphere at the time of use and according to the effect
required and the kind of work in which the medium is to be used. Therefore no
definite proportions can be stated which will be applicable in all cases and it is not
necessary that they should be stated as painters and varnish makers accustomed to
the use and manufacture of analogous preparations will be able to judge what
proportions are required by the exercise of the general knowledge which they
possess of such matters.
The pigments which I use are those which are known to possess the greatest
permanency and transparency. In selecting such pigments I test them by the
ordinary means in order to ascertain that they are chemically pure and I reject all
which are prepared from lead pigments or colours prepared from lead being
unsuitable for my purpose. Having selected suitable pigments I carefully levigate
them and grind them finally with the medium herein before described by means of
which the particles of the pigments are clothed and "locked up" or preserved from
contact with the atmosphere and with each other more perfectly than they could
be by mixture on the palette in the usual way and are rendered more transparent.
In producing paintings on glass according to my Invention I wash the surface of
the glass to be painted on with a solution of an alkali in water and rub the said
surface dry and immediately cover it with a thin coat of the medium in order to
prevent any deposit of matter from the atmosphere on the glass and to keep the
pigments afterwards to be applied from contact with the glass and to prevent
thereby any possible chemical action of the said pigments or the glass upon each
other. The effects produced by the application of the colours with the medium
may be varied as may be required by varying the consistence of the medium and
by applying the medium charged with the colours by means of brushes or imple-
ments of different kinds and forms and by varying the method of handling or
using the brushes or implements with which the medium charged with the colours.
is applied. I reduce the consistence of the medium when required by the addition
of turpentine. If the painting is to be much exposed I varnish its surface with a
coating of the medium. Or if I wish to obtain a very thin transparent effect
1 varnish the completed painting with a coating of lac varnish which I make by
freeing the lac from impurities chemically using chloroforin as a solvent. I do not
depend upon simply calcining the lac in the usual manner..
When (as in the case of window paintings) great transparency is not needed and
especially when the glass is to be rendered more or less opaque in order to obstruct
the view through it I produce the high lights in my paintings not in the usual way
by leaving the glass bare or merely by a flat transparent tint but by and effect of
dead transparent white. This effect I produce in cases where a low tone is required
by mixing with the medium powdered white glass or narble or white made from
the waste of pearls and mother of pearl and in cases where a light tone is required
by mixing with the medium the coinpound known as "sacram or other white and
semi transparent substance which is not of an extremely unctuous or oleaginous
nature and which will harden when mixed with the medium and which when on
the glass appears least yellow or brown viewed by transmitted light. I also in
some cases qualify and tone the colours generally by the use of such semi
transparent substances in admixture with the medium.
"
Paintings on glass executed according to my invention are free from the objections
attendant on those executed according to the ordinary processes and are practically
unchangeable and may be washed and cleaned as glass is usually cleaned and my
inethod of painting is especially suited for the decoration of glass in windows and
silvered looking glass and in all positions which admit of paintings on glass being.
viewed either by light transmitted through the glass or simply by light falling on
the paintings.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that
what I claim is
First. The preparation of an improved medium for use in painting on glass
substantially as herein before described.
Secondly. The use of the improved medium herein before described in the
production of pictures on glass.
Thirdly. The preparation of pigments for use in the production of pictures on
glass by grinding them with the medium herein before described.
Fourthly. The use in the production of pictures on glass of pigments ground in
the medium herein before described.
Fifthly. A preparation for use in painting on glass consisting of powdered
white glass or other suitable white and semi transparent substance in admixture
with the medium hereinbefore described.
Sixthly. The use in the production of pictures on glass of a preparation con-
sisting of powdered white glass or other suitable white and seni transparent
substance in admixture with the medium hereinbefore described.
..