Improvements in Lamps.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps.
I, JOHN ULRICH BAUCHELLE of Elizabeth, County of Union and State of New
Jersey, United States of America, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
This invention relates to an improved oil or fluid burning lamp in which the
burners are extended horizontally, or approximately so, from the oil receptacle,
the said burners being provided with globes having openings in their sides for the
admission of the burners and with openings at their tops preferably surmounted by
chimneys to create an upward draft which will draw the flame of the burners
outwardly and upwardly in a curved form in such a manner that the light will
shine downward so that the lamps will have no undershadows, the principal feature
of the invention comprising the application of horizontally arranged burners to the
St. Germain or
"Student" self-feeding oil fount or reservoir from which oil for
the burner or burners of the lamp is supplied. Another feature of the invention
relates to the use of a vertical hinge by which the globe is attached to the burner
in such a way that in lighting the burner the globe may be swung aside horizontally
and thereby any danger of tipping off or breaking the chimney by which the globe
is surmounted will be avoided. Another feature of the invention relates to the use,
in a horizontally arranged burner, of two foraminous plates or disks arranged
beneath or inside of the cone of the burner and separated from each other in such
a manner as to form an air chamber between them, thereby giving regularity to
the current of inflowing air to the flame so as to render the flame steady and avoid
flickering or smoking thereof when the lamp is subjected to sudden drafts or
currents of air.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of one form of the invention, and Figs. 2 and 3
are detail views illustrating the vertical hinge by which the globe support is attached
to the burner.
"
"
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a slightly modified form of the invention, and Fig. 5
is a side elevation of the same.
'
Figs. 6 and 7 also illustrate slight modifications of the invention, and
Fig. 8 is a sectional detail of the form of lamp shown in Fig. 7.
A denotes a supporting receptacle closed at its lower end and open at its top, said
receptacle, in the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1, being provided near its
upper end with a slotted hanging piece or bracket a, and near its lower end with a
steadying brace or bracket a¹ also preferably slightly slotted for the reception of
a steadying pin projecting from the wall or other vertical support to which this
form of lamp is to be attached. Fitting within the said receptacle 'A' is an oil fount
or. reservoir B provided at its lower end with a depending reduced portion or tube b,
the lower end of which may be closed in any suitable manner, as by the screw-cap b
shown in Fig. 1, or by a ball valve 6, as shown in Fig. 4, the said tube'b being in
either instance provided in its side near its lower end with an air inlet aperture 6³,
and at or near its bottom with an oil discharge orifice . In the form of the
invention shown in Fig. 1 the oil fount or reservoir B when removed' from 'the
receptacle A. and inverted may be filled by removing the screw cap b₁, and'in
the form of the invention' shown in Fig. 4 the said-fount or reservoir may be filled
simply by inverting the same, in which case the ball will occupy the position shown
in dotted lines, and the opening at the bottom of the receptacle will then be free so
that the spout of the oil can may be readily inserted therein. A small cross pièce b
prevents the ball shown in Fig. 4 from escaping from the tube when the

page_text: reservoir B is inverted for filling. It will be readily understood that with either
form of my invention when the lamp is in use the oil will flow from the fount or
reservoir B into the bottom of the receptacle A until it rises above the top of the
air aperture in the side of the tube b, and further discharge of the oil will then
be arrested until the level of the same again falls below the top of the said
aperture.
The receptacle A is provided with any desired number of horizontally extending
burners, C, these horizontally extending burners being preferably inclined upward
slightly, as shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7, so that there will be less tendency for the
oil to escape by capillary attraction when the lamps are not lighted, as will be
readily understood. In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1, which shows a
lamp designed to be attached to the wall or other vertical support, only a single
burner is used, but where the invention is applied to hanging or suspended lamps
two, three or four burners may be supplied from a single oil receptacle. Thus in
Figs. 4 and 5 the oil receptacle is shown as being supplied with two burners. In
Fig. 6 the hanging receptacle has three burners, while in Fig. 7 the hanging
receptacle is provided with four burners. In the form of lamp shown in the last-
named figure the burners, instead of communicating directly with the receptacle, are
supported at the ends of horizontal tubes which communicate with the wick
chambers hand with the receptacle A, as illustrated by the detail sectional view
Fig. 8.
The tubes c of the burners C may be soldered or otherwise directly and
permanently attached to the receptacles A, as shown in Fig. 4, or they may have
slip-joint connections with tubes a attached to the receptacles A, as shown in
Fig. 1. In employing the construction last described the burner tubes care
provided with slots c¹ to be entered by small plates or lugs a' attached to the
receptacles A to prevent the burners from twisting or turning when in place.
In order to make the lamp burn with a steady and even flame cach burner is
preferably provided, just beneath the cone d, into which the wick tube extends,
with two foraminous or perforated plates, or disks of wire gauze, e, preferably
curved in cross section and placed with their concave sides toward each other so as
to form an air chamber between them, this chamber insuring steadiness to the
inflowing air in such a manner that flickering of the flame is avoided and the flame
is comparatively uninfluenced by sudden drafts or currents of air that might other-
wise cause it to flicker or smoke. Instead, however, of employing the two
curved foraminous plates or disks arranged with their concave sides toward each
other to form the air chamber beneath or inside of the cone of the burner such air
chamber may be formed by employing two flat foraminous plates or disks slightly
separated from each other.
The wick tube is preferably extended inward so that its inner end is slightly
within the receptacle A, to avoid danger of oil getting into the burner except as it
is drawn in through the wick g by capillary attraction.
The globes D are provided with openings in their sides for the reception of the
burners and are attached to the base plate d' of the cones d in any suitable manner,
the cone base-plates being attached to the burners C by means of long vertical
hinges which permit the said base plates with the attached globes to be swung
outward horizontally, as shown in Fig. 3, when the lamps are to be lighted, this
horizontal movement of the globes with the cone base plates and cones avoiding
any danger of tipping off or breaking the chimneys E by which the globes D are
preferably surmounted. In other words the chimney or globe supports are arranged
to swing on hinges which are at right angles to the wick tubes, the longer axes of
which latter are in a horizontal plane.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. A self-feeding oil reservoir or fount provided with one or more burners

page_text: extending horizontally, or approximately so, therefrom, each burner being provided
with a globe surmounted by a chimney so that the flame of the burner will be
drawn outwardly and upwardly in a curved form in such a manner that the light
thereof will shine downward so that the lamp will cast no under-shadow, substan-
tially as set forth.
2nd. The combination with a receptacle closed at its bottom and open at its top,
of a self-feeding fount or reservoir closed at its top and arranged to discharge into
said receptacle, and one or more burners extending outward horizontally, or
approximately so, from said receptacle and communicating with the latter so as to
be supplied with the oil discharged from said self-feeding fount or reservoir,
substantially as set forth.
3rd. A lamp comprising a receptacle closed at its bottom and having attached
thereto near its lower part one or more outwardly extending horizontal burners
communicating with said receptacle, and an oil fount or reservoir closed at its top
and fitting in said receptacle, said fount or reservoir being provided at its lower
end with a reduced portion having oil outlet and air inlet passages, substantially, as
set forth.
4th. A lamp comprising an oil fount or reservoir provided with a burner extending
horizontally, or approximately so, therefrom, and a globe-support attached to said
burner by a vertical hinge, whereby the globe is adapted to be swung horizontally
when the lamp is to be lighted, and danger of tipping off or breaking the chimney
by which the globe is surmounted is avoided, substantially as set forth.
5th. A lamp burner provided beneath the cone thereof with two foraminous plates
or disks constructed and arranged to form an air chamber between them, whereby
the inflow of air to the flame is rendered more steady and flickering of the flame is
avoided, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 4th day of November 1893.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.