IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING MACHINES WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Knight Kilbourn of Brixton in the County of
Surrey Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING
MACHINES WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
15
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Knight Kilbourn
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1882.
JOSEPH KNIGHT KILBOURN of Brixton in the County of Surrey Engineer :-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING MACHINES WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER
PURPOSES:
"
This Invention relates primarily to appliances needful in all cooling or Ice
making machines, but these improvements may also have useful application
to other purposes, In all Ice making and cooling machines where the cooling is
effected, by the vaporization of the condensible gases, the retention of the gas
has been one of the greatest difficulties, and the object of this invention is to
prevent or.miminize the escape of the gas from the joints and cocks connected with
the apparatus
My invention consists of
1st An improved method of setting tubes or pipes in a substantial and durable
manner Where the ends of tho tubes are not accessible to use an expander as
for instance the condenser and refrigerater tubes where it is desirable to terminate
a series of them in a cylindrical or closed chamber, 2nd Of an improved method
of forming a perfectly tight joint with all pipes and connections. 3rd Of an
improved method of constructing cocks. According to one mode of carrying out
one part of my invention I secure the ends of tubes or pipes forming the condensers
and refrigerators by having the ends of said tubes or pipes threaded on which is
fitted a collar threaded inside and outside the inside of this collar is screwed on
to the tube while the outside is screwed into one of the threaded openings prepared
in the wall of the terminal chamber for the series of tubes The tube is threaded for
twice the length of the collar consequently if the collar is first screwed on to the
tube or pipe to the extent of the thread and when in this position if the end of the
tube is inserted in one of the threaded openings of the terminal chamber unscrewing
the collar from the pipe will screw it into the opening before described and when
screwed into the length of the collar the end of the collar will be fair with the
end of the pipe. Previous to connecting the pipes as before described the collar
AN

page_text: tube ends and threaded openings in the chamber should all be well tinned and
when the entire series are in position they are all thoroughly sweated together.
By another method of carrying out this part of my invention especially
applicable where thin tubes are desirable, in place of threading the end of the
tube and inside of the collar as before described the collar is bored to fit the
external diametër of the tube and after being placed in position the tube is enlarged
so as to forin a slight flange. The openings in the terminal chamber are bored for
a part of the distance to the external diameter of the flange formed on the tube
and threaded, the remainder of the distance is bored to the internal diameter of the
tube. The tube is inserted into the threaded opening so that the flange rests on
the shoulder at the bottom and while in this position the collar is screwed down
firmly on the flange of the tube and afterwards the entire series are thoroughly
sweated in. By the method before described tubes may be set in a thoroughly
substantial manner and midė perfectly tight against extreme pressures
carrying out my invention as applied to the joints in pipes and their connections
I use threaded fittings of the ordinary construction such as sockets, tees, elbows,
cocks &, The ends of these fittings are chamferred from the outer diameter
inwards forming one angle of a triangle the base. being on the axial line of the
pipe, that is to be screwed into the chamferred fitting.
In
At the end of the fitting and extending over it is placed a cap, one end of which
is bored to fit the outer diameter of the fitting, the other end bored to the external
diameter of the pipe that is to be screwed into the fitting, the shoulder between
the two diameters forms the other angle of the triangle before mentioned. Back
of the "cap" is a back nut threaded to fit the pipe that is to be jointed. In
making the joint the "back-nut" is first screwed on the pipe to the extent of the
thread then the cap is placed over the pipe and afterwards the projecting end of
the pipe is screwed a suitable distance into the fitting if it be a socket say half
way through at the end of the chamferred fitting and around the pipo I form
n piece of gutta-percha, rubber, asbestos, or any yielding material-suitable for the
purpose. The cap is then moved over this piece of jointing and the end of the cap
over the fitting this is followed up by the back-nut with such force that the
jointing is compressed into every interstice however minute of the "cap," pipe, and
fitting, and a joint is formed that will stand against almost unlimited pressure
In carrying out my invention as applied to the cocks, I construct the cocks with
a casing closed at the bottom and with a cone of the ordinary. outline. The casing
at the top is extended beyond the cone and bored to a diameter slightly exceeding
that of the largest part of the cone and, threaded-Over the stem or cylindrical
part of the cone is fitted a sleeve or collar with an external thread that will fit
the threading in the casing This sleeve or collar is provided with convenient
means for turning it. The outer end of the cylindrical part of the cone but under
the square is also threaded and on this a collar is screwed and when in tho required
position is further secured by a pin or otherwise. The operation of this part of
my invention is as follows:
The bottom end of the threaded sleeve is fitted to and rests upon the shoulder
of the cone, the screwed collar is turned until it rests upon the outer end of the
sleeve and is there secured. It will be seen that by turning the sleove in one
direction the cone will be forced into the casing until it is metal to metal, so tight
in fact it it would be impossible to turn the cone. By turning the sleeve in
the opposite direction it acts against the collar secured to the cone and thereby
lifts the cone from its seating when it can be easily turned to any desired position
and then again be firmly fixed in its seating by screwing down the sleeve. By this
arrangement of forcing the cone into and lifting it from its seating all danger of
breaking the stem is avoided and when adjusted to the desired position the cone
can be forced to its seating to any degree of tightness.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Joseph Knight Kilbourn in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th April 1883.
JOSEPH KNIGHT KILBOURN of Brixton in the County of Surrey Engineer
"-IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING MACHINES WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER
PURPOSES:
"
My Invention relates to improved appliances needful in all cooling or Ice
making machines but they may also have useful application to other purposes
This invention consists :-
1* In an improved method of fixing tubes or pipes in a substantial and durable
manner in places where the ends of the tubes or pipes are not accessible to use an
expander As for instance where it is desirable to terminate a series of condensing
or refrigerating pipes in a closed chamber
2nd In an improved method of forming a perfectly tight joint with all pipes and
connections.
3rd In an improved method of constructing cocks.
In all ice making or cooling machines where the cooling is effected by the
Vaporization of the condensible gases the retention of the gas has been one of the
chief difficulties and the primary object of this invention is to prevent or miminise
the escape of gas from the joints or cocks connected with the apparatus and
this object is effected in the manner hereinafter described reference being had to
the accompanying drawings and to the Letters of reference marked thereon.
Figs: 1, and 2, are plan and elevation partially in section showing two methods
of fixing tubes or pipes in a closed chamber
Fig: 3 is an elevation, partially in section of that part of my said invention
relating to joints in pipes and connections.
Figs 4 and 5 are plan and elevation partially in section representing my method
of constructing cocks.
One part of my invention has for its object a better method than heretofore
known of fixing or setting tubes in a durable and substantial manner in places
where their ends are not accessible to use an expander this object is effected in
the following manner.
In the accompanying drawings A (Figs 1 and 2) represent a section of a closed
tube or chamber in which the ends of a series of small tubes or pipes are fixed.
B is a thin tube but, one of the series its lower end terminating with a slight
flange. B¹ is a thick pipe but, also one of the series with an external screw thread
formed on one end, C is a collar bored to the diameter of the tube B with an
external screw thread, C¹ is also a collar screw threaded inside and out, D D are
light rings formed on the top of the chamber A to hold soldering metal. E E
are enlarged threaded openings in the top of chamber A of suitable diameter
to receive the collars C and C¹, F F are spanner slots in one end. of collars
C and C; B, C, D, and E, together represent the method specially applicable for
fixing thin tubes. While B', C, D and E is the method designed for tubes of
such thickness that they may be threaded without impairing their strength. The
drawings are sufficiently plain to show the manner of fixing the tubes. The
Hanged end of the thin tube B (which with the collar has been previously tinned)
is inserted in one of the enlarged screwed openings in the chamber A, the collar C is
screwed down firmly on to the flange afterwards the heat is applied until pipe collar
and threaded opening are thoroughly sweated together and at the same time the
cavity formed by the ring D is filled with melted tin or other fused metal. In this

page_text: manner a perfectly tight joint is formed and one that cannot be easily shifted by
any strain or motion to which the tubes are liable.
The thick tube is fixed in the same manner as the thin one excepting that in
lieu of the flange on B, B¹is threaded for twice the length of the collar, the collar C
is screwed inside as well as out and is first turned on to the tube the entire length
of the thread and when in this position the tube is inserted into one of the threaded
openings and by unscrewing the collar from the tube the external thread is caused
to engage with the threaded opening E and then turned down to the shoulder of
the opening the tube is held thoroughly secure. By both methods the collars C
and C¹ holds the tubes more securely than is possible with soldering alone or even
with expanding and soldering but the great advantage of this is in its applicability
in places where an expander cannot be used.
In carrying out that part of my invention relating to the joints in pipes and
their connections I use strong threaded fittings of the ordinary construction such as
Bockets tees elbows cocks &°. Referring to the Drawings (Fig 3) G is a pipe
with ends screwed externally H is a socket screwed internally with outside made
true and ends chamferred as shown in section, H¹ is a tee piece with outside made
true and ends chamferred same as the socket. J is a cap, one end of which is
bored to the external diameter of socket or fitting the other end bored to the
external diameter of the pipe to be jointed, the internal shoulder between the two
is.formed to the same angle as the chamfer in the fitting the two forming an angle
having a base parallel to the axial line of the pipe. K is a hexagonal back nut
screwed to fit the pipe. In making this joint the back nut is first screwed onto
the pipe to the extent of the thread the cap is then put on to the pipe with the
small bore against the back nut. The projecting end of the pipe is screwed a
suitable distance into the fitting (if a socket say half way through) at the end of
the chamferred fitting and around the pipe I form a ring or piece of gutta percha,
rubber, asbestos, or any yielding material suitable for the purpose, the cap is then
moved over the ring or piece of jointing and the end of the cap over-the-trued end.
of the fitting, this is followed up by the back nut with such force that the jointing
(or yielding material) is compressed into every interstics however minute both in
cap pipes and fittings and a joint is formed that will stand against almost unlimited
pressure.
Another part of my invention relates to the construction of cocks and has for its
object such an arrangement of parts that the cone or plug may be forced into its
scating to that degree that leakage is well nigh impossible and yot can be
instantly loosened from its scating when necessary to open or close the passage
through the cone. This object is effected in the manner hereinafter described
reference being had to the accompanying drawing (Figs 4 and 5) The same letters
in both Figs: refer to the same parts.
M is the cock casing or body closed at the bottom, the top is extended above the
cone seating and bored to a diameter a little in excess of the largest diameter of
the cone and threaded inside. N is the cone or plug having a cylindrical stem
ending in a square N₁ to take on a spanner; the stem is threaded for a short
distance under the square. O is a gland nut or sleeve threaded on the outside and
provided with convenient means for turning it. P is a collar threaded inside and
fitted to the threaded portion of the cone stem. Qis a washer which may be
formed on the bottom of the collar P, or a loose washer as shown. R is a pin to
keep the collar from turning except with the cone
The
The operation of this part of my invention is as follows. The bottom end of the
gland nut or sleeve O is fitted to and rests upon the shoulder of the cone.
collar P is screwed onto the cone stem until it rests upon the upper end of the
gland nut or sleeve or upon the loose washer between the collar and nut and when
in this position the collar is secured to the stem by the piu R. The thread on the
outside of the gland nut is now caused to engage with the inside thread in the
casing and is turned until the cone is forced firmly into its seating and a perfectly
tight joint is formed. So tight in fact: that it would be nearly impossible to turn

page_text: the cone without breaking the stem. If however when necessary to turn the cone
the gland nut is slightly turned in the opposito direction it then acts against the
collar P and thereby starts the cone from its seating and enables it to be casily
turned without danger of breaking the stem.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is or may be used and carried into effect, I
would observe in conclusion that what I consider to bo novel and original and
therefore claim as the invention secured to me by the herein before in part recited
Lotters Patent is :-
1 In setting tubes or pipes in places where an expander cannot be used, or
whero sweating or soldering is requisite to make a perfectly gas tight joint against
high pressures the methods of first securing the tubes or pipes to the tube plate or
its equivalent in such a firm and rigid manner that the solder will retain its hold
against all ordinary or usual, contingencies; substantially as describod and illus-
trated and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
2nd In setting thin tubes the combination of the flanged tubes with the externally
screwed, collar, substantially as described and shown.
3rd In forming joints in pipes and their connections with the ordinary screw
threaded pipes and fittings, the combination of the chamfer in the ends of the
fittings with a cap that is bored at one end to move over the pipe and at the other
end to move over the fitting having an internal chamferred shoulder, with a back
nut to compress the jointing material confined between fitting and cap in such a
manner as to make a joint that will remain perfectly tight against very high
pressures substantially as described and illustrated.
4th In constructing cocks the combination of cone gland nut or sleeve and collar
in such a manner that by turning the gland nut in one direction the cone is forced
into and held in its seating, while by turning it in the other direction the cono is
started from its seating, substantially as described and illustrated and for tho
purposes hereinbofore set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Joseph Knight Kilbourn have hereunto set my
hand and seal this thirtieth day of April in the year of Our Lord ono
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
TANDA
TRATTATH