IM- PROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO AIR AND CIRCULATING OR OTHER PUMPS, AND IN VALVES FOR THE SAME, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO BLOWING AND AIR-COMPRESSING ENGINES."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John George Kinghorn and William John Coe, both of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO AIR AND CIRCULATING OR OTHER
PUMPS, AND IN VALVES FOR THE SAME, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO
BLOWING AND AIR-COMPRESSING ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John George Kinghorn and
William John Coe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd
March 1878.
JOHN GEORGE KINGHORN and WILLIAM JOHN COE, both of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO AIR
AND CIRCULATING OR OTHER PUMPS, AND IN VALVES FOR THE SAME, PARTS OF
WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO BLOWING AND AIR-COMPRESSING ENGINES."
The object of this Invention is to provide a simple, cheap, and effective valve
apparatus for air or circulating pumps, which shall not be liable to get out of order.
It consists,-
1st. In a bucket or piston attached to the pump rod of considerably lesser
diameter than the pump cylinder. This bucket may be formed hollow or
solid, as found desirable. We prefer however a hollow bucket. In shape we make
it bevelled on either face from the edge to the piston or bucket rod. Near the
edge of the upper face we construct an annular groove, in which we place rubber
plugs standing vertically (or spiral springs) at equidistant points in the circum-
ference of the groove.
2. In a ring or annular piston working tightly in the pump cylinder, and packed
in any convenient manner. The inner face of this ring is grooved or hollowed
deeply.
The way we prefer to construct the ring is as follows:-We employ an annular
inverted T section ring, the vertical flange pointing upward, the webs being at the
bottom, and one of which works against the face of the cylinder, the space above

page_text: and between the vertical flange 'and the cylinder serving to contain the packing,
whatever description be used. On top of the vertical flange we bolt an annular
ring, one edge of which abuts against the interior of the cylinder and compresses
the packing, the other encircles the edge of the bucket, which works between the
lower flange of the T ring and the above-mentioned flange. On this lower flange
we place snugs at equidistant points in the circumference for the lower edge of the
bucket to abut against when it moves downward. It will thus be seen that the
bucket is free to move vertically within the packing ring or piston, as well as to
carry the latter up and down the cylinder, according as the edges of its upper or
lower face abut against the corresponding flanges in the loose ring or piston.
The action is as follows:-The bucket rising with the rod, the edge of its upper
face, or rather the springs or india-rubber plugs or springs upon it abut against
the upper ring of the loose piston, carrying it up with it. The rising of the
piston of course opens the foot valve, and the air and water rush into the cylinder
and accumulate in the space between the bucket and foot valve, the upper edges
of the bucket and ring abutting against each other, closing the opening; but on the
downward stroke the lower edge of the bucket strikes against the snugs on the
lower flange of the packing ring, thereby allowing the air and water accumulated
below the bucket and ring to be expelled through the open space at the top now
left between them; on the next stroke the water and air above the bucket is
driven through the delivery valve at the top of the cylinder, and so on. The
action of the pump, whether for air forcing or for circulating water, is the same.
This bucket is also applicable for blowing cylinders and air-compressing engines.
3. In air and circulating pumps, blowing and air-compressing engines, it is
desirable to dispense with the usual india-rubber valves, which soon wear out, and
when hot expand considerably and interfere with each other, and are apt to stick
on the seats. One form of valve we find useful for this purpose is of a circular
form, arranged to cover a grid or perforated seat of similar shape. The face of the
valve springs from a central boss in a deeply dished form, the outer flange of which
enters an annular groove in the seating when the valve is closed. The boss and
the valve are free to rise and fall on a central spindle.
We construct a deep annular groove, preferably of conical section, in the upper
and lower face of the boss, and which grooves serve to cushion the valve in the
following manner :-In the upward stroke the water entering the upper groove is
compressed against a nut or head on the valve spindle. On the down stroke the
cushioning occurs in the same way between the lower face of the valve and the
seat. We construct this valve of phosphor bronze or similar wear-resisting and
incorrodible metal.
4. A variation of our Invention consists of a thin plate (or several plates) of
phosphor bronze or other similar resilient incorrodible metal bolted in the centre
or at one edge over the perforated seat or opening. A guard, slightly inclining
upwards or downwards, as the case may be, is placed above the valve.
Instead of directly screwing the spring plate down we sometimes coil one end.
of it round a square rod or bar carried by a boss, and insert a cotter on its
mechanical equivalent to prevent the rod turning.
Sometimes, especially in the case of bucket valves, or when the area is cylindrical
or annular, we construct the spring plates of segmental form, each segment arranged
to cover a certain area of ports. These valves are of course opened and closed by
suction or pressure, as in the case of ordinary valves, the elastic valve returning to
its seat or face directly the pressure is removed.
The details are of course modified to suit the purpose for which the valve is
required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John George Kinghorn and William John Coe in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd September 1878.
JOHN GEORGE KINGHORN and WILLIAM JOHN COE, both of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO AIR
CIRCULATING AND OTHER PUMPS, AND IN VALVES FOR THE SAME, PARTS OF WHICH
ARE APPLICABLE TO BLOWING AND AIR-COMPRESSING ENGINES."
This Invention consists in so constructing air-circulating and other pumps, in
which leather, india-rubber, and metal valves have hitherto been used, that the
valves are practically incorrodible, and are not liable to stick on their seats, as is
frequently the case with the india-rubber valves when in contact with oil, or
grease.
The valves are also extremely suitable for use in blowing or air-compressing
engines.
Our Invention relates chiefly to valves, and we purpose to make no claim for any
kind of pump unless said pump be fitted with our valves.
This valve consists of a thin plate (or several plates of phosphor bronze or other
similar resilient incorrodible metal bolted in the centre, or at one edge over a
perforated seat or opening. A guard slightly inclining upwards or downwards, as
the case may be, is placed above the valve.
Instead of directly screwing the spring plate down we sometimes coil one end of
it round a square rod or bar carried by a boss, and insert a cotter or its mechanical
equivalent to prevent the rod turning.
Sometimes, especially in the case of bucket valves, or when the area is cylindrical
or annular, we construct the spring plates of segmental form, each segment arranged
to cover a certain area of ports. These valves are of course opened and closed by
suction or pressure, as in the case of ordinary valves, the elastic valve returning to
its seat or face directly the pressure is removed.
Referring to the Drawings hereunto annexed,―
Sheet I. delineates a foot valve and a delivery valve.
Sheet II. represents a section of an air pump with valves attached; also plan of
valve and seat.
In Sheet I., Fig. 1 is a section of a circular valve as constructed according to our
Invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan of same with half of valve and guard removed to shew the
grid.
Fig. 3, section of rectangular delivery valve.
Fig. 4, plan of same.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, A is the seat or grid perforated with holes in the
usual manner, and fitted with lugs to attach it in position. In the centre is bolted
the valve B, composed of one or more thin sheets of phosphor bronze, manganese
bronze, or other similar resilient hard incorrodible metal. The valve is shewn
bolted in two places at C, C. The bolts serve also to support the ordinary
guard D.
In Figs. 3 and 4 like letters refer to like parts. The valve in this case being
rectangular is bolted at the edge instead of in the centre, though it may be other-
wise bolted or secured.
Referring to Sheet 2, in which Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of an air pump;
Fig. 6, plan of foot valve; and Fig. 7, plan of grating of same, the valves B are
arranged to cover nearly the whole surface of the bucket E, and foot (A¹), and
delivery (A) valve seats or grids, as shown.
Like letters refer to like parts, as in Figs. 1 to 4.
A separate valve may be used to each group of perforations in the grid if desired
instead of the arrangement shewn.

page_text: There are several other matters contained in the Provisional Specification which
we believe to be both new and useful, but we have not had time to work them
out, and so offer them freely to the public, and make no claim for them.
Having now described our Invention, and the best mode known to us of carrying
it into effect, we wish it to be understood that what we believe to be new and
desire to claim under the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The manufacture of pumps for raising or forcing fluids, compressing air, or
like purposes, with the valves admitting or expelling the fluid to and from the
pump, constructed of sheet phosphor bronze, manganese bronze, or other similar
hard, resilient, and practically incorrodible metal for the purposes described.
2. The manufacture of valves as described, suitable for use in pumps or apparatus
for raising, forcing, exhausting, or compressing air, water, and other fluids, of sheet
phosphor bronze, manganese bronze, or similar comparatively incorrodible, hard,
resilient metal or alloy not liable to take a permanent set for the purposes described,
no claim being made for iron, steel, or other similar materials (liable to speedy
corrosion) when not nickel-plated or otherwise protected.
In witness whereof, we, the said John George Kinghorn and William John
Coe, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-ninth day of
August, in the year of our Lord 1878.
Witness,
WILLIAM P. THOMPSON,
British & International Patent Agent,
6, Lord Street,
Liverpool.
H. J. KINGHORN. (L.B.)
W. J. COE.
(LS.)