IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKINGS AND IN BEARING SURFACES, AND IN THE OR TREATMENT OF MATERIALS COMPOSING THE SAME
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKINGS AND IN BEARING SURFACES, AND IN THE
OR TREATMENT OF MATERIALS COMPOSING THE SAME.”—A
communication from abroad by Eliza Dexter Murfey, of the City,
County. and State of New York, United States of America.
PREPARATION
Sealed the 13th December, 1870, and dated the 14th July 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th July 1870.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKINGS AND IN BEARING SURFACES,
AND IN THE PREPARATION OR TREATMENT OF MATERIALS COMPOSING THE SAME,"
a communication to me from abroad by Eliza Dexter Murfey, of the
City, County, and State of New York, United States of America, to be
as follows:-
'
fmann lonther

page_text: substance or composition, as fully described hereafter, so as to form a
material which may be employed in packing and stuffing boxes, slides,
bearings, and other frictional parts of machinery, in order to reduce
friction between the bearing surfaces or to prevent leakage round pistons
or spindles. The fibres on one or both sides of a sheet of paper or other
fabric, or the tissues on one or both sides of a strip of leather or skin,
are so raised by suitable pickers that the said surface assumes a flocky
or nappy character, so much only of the material being operated on
that this flocky surface shall have a backing composed of the undisturbed
portion of the paper or other material.
The pickers before referred to may consist of a series of circular
saws having teeth of such a shape as to penetrate but not pass through
the material, whereby the desired surface may be produced with great
rapidity. The material thus prepared is now in a suitable condition to
receive the lubricant which may be either a simple substance such as
plumbago or any suitable composition. The lubricant is first powdered
and then sifted over the flocked sheet, so that the fine powder will
penetrate the interstices of the flocked surface, after which the sheet is
passed between rolls and compressed, the lubricant being thus imbedded
in the body of the sheet forming practically a part of the same, so
that it can only be separated therefrom by the disintegration of the
material.
In some instances the sheet immediately after being flocked is
saturated with a solution of rubber in paraffine or other solvent, or with
melted tallow, or its equivalent, and then placed in a heated chamber
in which the sheet is so suspended that any excess of the solution not
absorbed by the material will drip from the sheet; the latter is then
perforated in a suitable machine, after which the powdered lubricant is
applied and secured as before described, the pressure of the rolls forcing
the lubricant into the perforations forming a hard, smooth, polished sheet.
This sheet or strip with a backing of felt, leather, or its equivalent will
be found efficient as either a packing or bearing material. In most
instances, however, it is advisable to place a series of sheets of paper or
other fabric or leather one above the other with one or more prepared
sheets on the top; compress the whole and fit the same to the packing
or journal box or blocks suitable for bearings, or steps for spindles may
be punched from the compressed mass. After the material is inserted
in the box the bearing surface of the same is rubbed with a suitable

page_text: polishing tool so as to produce a smooth polished surface, it having
been found that the bearing is thus rendered much more durable and
efficient.
Instead of ordinary paper parchment paper may be employed.
If a hard packing is not required, such for instance as is suitable for
packing or spindles, the sheet need not be compressed after applying the
lubricating material, but may be introduced directly into the packing
box with a backing of felt, or its equivalent, and the sheet in some
instances may be perforated immediately after being flocked.
•
Various substances and compositions may be employed in various
proportions for impregnating the flocked sheet, but it has been found
that burnt hair, burnt paper, asbestos, or rottenstone, either separately
or together, and mixed with plumbago, ivory dust, and sawdust may be
employed with advantage, and such compositions either alone or with
the addition of paper pulp or fibrous substances may be compressed on
the surface of the flocked sheet so as to form a hard mass capable of
receiving a high polish, and very efficient as a bearing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th January 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-.
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license
that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain

page_text: وو
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKINGS AND IN BEARING SURFACES, AND IN THE
PREPARATION OR TREATMENT OF MATERIALS COMPOSING THE SAME, a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Eliza Dexter Murfey, of the City, County,
and State of New York, United States of America, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :—
The said Invention consists in the employment of a sheet of paper,
leather, or equivalent material, prepared and impregnated with a suitable
substance or composition, as fully described hereafter, so as to form a
material which may be employed in packing and stuffing boxes, slides,
bearings, and other frictional parts of machinery in order to reduce
friction between the bearing surfaces or to prevent leakage round pistons
or spindles. The fibres on one side of a sheet of paper or other fabric,
or the tissues on one side of a strip of leather or skin, are so raised by
suitable pickers as herein-after described that the said surface assumes
a flocky or nappy character, so much only of the material being operated
on that this flocky surface shall have a backing composed of the undis-
turbed portion of the paper, leather, or other material.
This flocky
surface may be imparted by different operations, it has been found, how-
ever, that by subjecting the material to the action of a series of circular
saws having teeth of such a shape as to penetrate but not pass
through the material, the desired surface may be produced with great
rapidity. The material thus prepared is now in a suitable condition to
receive the lubricant which may be either a simple substance such as
plumbago or any suitable composition. The lubricant is first powdered
and then sifted over the flocked sheet so that the fine powder will
penetrate the interstices of the flocked surface, after which the sheet is
passed between rolls and compressed, the lubricant being thus imbedded

page_text: in the body of the sheet forming practically a part of the same, so that
it can only be separated therefrom by the disintegration of the
material.
In some instances the sheet immediately after being flocked is saturated
with a solution of rubber in paraffin or other solvent, or with melted
tallow, or its equivalent, and then placed in a heated chamber in which
the sheet is so suspended that any excess of the solution not absorbed by
the material will drip from the sheet, the latter is then perforated in a
suitable machine, after which the powdered lubricant is applied and
secured as before described, the pressure of the rolls forcing the lubricant
into the perforations forming a hard smooth polished sheet; this sheet
or strip with a backing of felt, leather, or its equivalent will be found
efficient as either a packing or bearing material, in most instances, how-
ever, it is advisable to place a series of sheets of paper or other fabric or
leather one above the other, with one or more prepared sheets on the top,
compress the whole, and fit the same to the packing or journal box, or
blocks suitable for bearings or steps for spindles may be punched from
the compressed mass. After the material is inserted in the box the
bearing surface of the same is rubbed with a suitable polishing.tool so as
to produce a smooth polished surface it having been found that the
bearing is thus rendered much more durable and efficient.
Instead of ordinary paper parchment paper may be employed and
the paper or other material may in some cases be flocked on both sides.
If a hard packing is not required, such for instance as is suitable for
packing pistons or spindles, the sheet need not be compressed after
applying the lubricating material, but may be introduced directly into
the packing box with a backing of felt or its equivalent, and the sheet
in some instances may be perforated immediately after being flocked.
Various substances and compositions may be employed in various
proportions for impregnating the flocked shect, but it has been found
that burnt hair, burnt paper, asbestos, or rottenstone, either separately
or together, and mixed with plumbago, ivory dust, and sawdust may be
employed with advantage, and such compositions either alone or with
the addition of paper pulp or fibrous substances may be compressed on
the surface of the flocked sheet so as to form a hard mass capable of
receiving a high polish and very efficient as a bearing.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used

page_text: or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The application and use of paper, leather, or other equivalent
substances having a flocked surface impregnated with lubricating material
for the purposes herein-before described.
Second. The system or mode of preparing the said paper or leather,
and the condensing of the same under pressure, as and for the purposes
herein-before described.
Third. The application and use of a packing or bearing consisting of a
sheet or strip, flocked as described, saturated with rubber or its equivalent,
and having a lubricating composition compressed on the surface of the
same, as herein-before described.
Fourth. The application and use of the said sheet when perforated and
prepared as and for the purposes herein-before described.
Fifth. The application of the said packing or bearing material to a
box or bearing and the polishing of the said material, as herein-before
described.
Sixth. The combination of the said packing or bearing with a layler of
felt or its equivalent arranged at the back of the same, as and for the
purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to
this my Specification set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day
of January One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
TARA