IMPROVEMENTS IN ARGAND BURNERS FOR BURNING COAL GAS OR OTHER ILLUMINATING GAS, AND ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL OILS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edward Hearson, of No. 30, Millman
Street, Bedford Row, in the County of Middlesex, Ironmonger, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARGAND BURNERS FOR BURNING
COAL GAS OR OTHER ILLUMINATING GAS, AND ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND
MINERAL OILS."
Sealed the 24th March 1874, and dated the 13th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Edward Hearson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th January 1874.
I, CHARLES EDWARD HEARSON, of No. 30, Millman Street, Bedford
Row, in the County of Middlesex, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARGAND BURNERS FOR
BURNING COAL GAS OR OTHER ILLUMINATING GAS, AND ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND
MINERAL OILS," to be as follows:-

page_text: The use of circular or argand burners of the ordinary construction is
attended by the disadvantages that the flame has a jumping or
vibratory motion, and that a portion of the gas passing through such
burners is not consumed, and it has been found in practice that such
burners, when made larger than seven-eighths of an inch in diameter,
cannot be used with advantage.
Now the objects of my Invention are to remedy these defects, to effect
a more perfect combustion of the oil or gas used, and to obtain a steadier
and larger flame than heretofore from a given quantity of such oil or
gas. My Invention also admits of argand burners considerably larger
than those ordinarily made, being used with beneficial results.
For these purposes I divide the interior of the inner tube of the
burner by means of vertical diaphragms or partitions into vertical air
shafts or passages, the lower ends of which communicate with the
external atmosphere, and I fix upon the burner a dome or cap of the
form ordinarily used with argand burners. These arrangements prevent
the lateral motion to which the air which ascends through ordinary
argand burners is liable.
The diaphragms or partitions are so arranged as to meet or intersect
one another at various angles, or to project radially from the inner
circumference of the inner tube toward the centre thereof. Or the said
diaphragms or partitions (which may be either flat or curved in transverse
section) may be so arranged as to form vertical air shafts or tubes having
polygonal or curved forms in transverse section, and the said diaphragms
may be either of the same length as or slightly longer or shorter than
the said inner tube, their shape, size, and arrangement being susceptible
of various modifications, the essence of my Invention consisting in the
vertical division of the inner tube by diaphragms as above described.
j

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord'
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Charles Edward Hearson, Her special license, that I, the
said Charles Edward Hearson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Charles Edward Hearson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARGAND Burners
FOR BURNING COAL GAS OR OTHER ILLUMINATING GAS, AND ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND
MINERAL OILS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Charles Edward Hearson, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Edward Hearson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
My Invention relates to circular or argand burners for burning coal
gas or other illuminating gas, or animal, vegetable, or mineral oils.
The use of circular or argand burners of the ordinary construction is
attended by the disadvantages that the flame has a flickering or
vibratory motion, and that a portion of the gas passing through such
burners is not advantageously consumed, and it has been found in
practice that such burners, when made larger than seven-eighths of an
inch in diameter, cannot be used with advantage.
Now the objects of my Invention are to remedy these defects, to effect
a more perfect combustion of the oil or gas used, and to obtain a steadier
and larger flame than heretofore from a given quantity of such oil or
gas. My Invention also admits of argand burners considerably larger
than those ordinarily made being used with beneficial results.

page_text: For these purposes I divide the interior of the inner tube of the
burner by means of vertical diaphragms, ribs, or partitions, into vertical
air shafts or passages, the lower ends of which communicate with the
external atmosphere, and I sometimes fix upon the burner a dome or
cap of the form ordinarily used with argand burners. These arrange-
ments prevent the lateral motion to which the air which ascends through
ordinary argand burners is liable.
The diaphragms or partitions are so arranged as to meet or intersect
one another at various angles, or to project radially from the inner
circumference of the inner tube toward the centre thereof. Or the said
diaphragms or partitions (which may be either flat or curved in transverse
section) may be so arranged as to form vertical air shafts or tubes having
polygonal or curved forms in transverse section, and the said diaphragms
may be either of the same length as or slightly longer or shorter than
the said inner tube, their shape, size, and arrangement being susceptible
of various modifications.
In addition to the diaphragms arranged as above described I sometimes
divide the annular space between the outer tube of the burner and the
dome or cap by means of vertical ribs or diaphragms, and in cases where
several burners are arranged concentrically I also divide the annular
spaces between the said burners by means of vertical ribs or diaphragms.
The essence of my Invention consists in the vertical division of the air
tube or air space of the burner by diaphragms as described.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner in which the same is to be performed, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures
marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a gas burner furnished with vertical
diaphragms and a dome or cap according to my Invention. Figure 2 is
a transverse section of the same taken on the line 1, 1, Figure 1. The
same letters of reference indicate the same parts in both Figures. A is
the burner, a¹, a³, are the vertical diaphragms formed on or affixed to the
inner tube of the said burner. B is the dome or cap for deflecting air
on to the exterior of the flame.. The said dome or cap is supported on a
ring c¹ carried by the gallery C, in which ring and gallery holes are
formed as is usual for the passage of air to the flame. The arrows show
the direction in which the air passes up between the diaphragms.

page_text: burners of oil lamps.
Figure 3 is a vertical section, and Figure 4 a transverse section (taken
on the line 2, 2, Figure 3) of a German burner."
$6
Figure 5 is a vertical section (in perspective) of a burner for burning
volatile hydrocarbons, the gallery and cap of which are not shown in
the Drawing. Figure 5ª is a plan of the upper part of the tube of the
said burner.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of the burner of a moderator lamp,
and Figure 7 is a plan of the said burner without the dome and cap.
The description of Figures 1 and 2 applies also to the said Figures 3, 4,
5, 5, 6, and 7, corresponding parts in all the said Figures being marked
with the same letters of reference.
Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 show in plan different arrangements
of the aforesaid vertical diaphragms, ribs, or partitions. In each of the
said Figures the burner is marked A and the diaphragms or partitions a¹.
In these Figures I have shown burners in which the diaphragms are
variously arranged, but I do not limit myself to the arrangements shown,
as the same effect may be produced by other arrangements of vertical
diaphragms or partitions, the rule to be observed being that the said
diaphragms or partitions should be so arranged as to form vertical air
shafts or passages, the mean diameters of which shall be in about the
proportion of one-fourth of their length. By this means the air for
supporting combustion is caused to pass in vertical currents free from
lateral motion, and flickering or unsteadiness of the flame and smoke are
thereby prevented.
Figure 14 is a transverse section of a burner A furnished with a cap
or dome B, in which, in addition to the diaphragms a¹, a¹, dividing the
space enclosed by the inner tube of the burner A, the annular space
between the outer tube of the said burner and the cap or dome B is
divided by vertical diaphragms or partitions b, b.
Figure 15 is a transverse section showing my Invention applied to an
arrangement of burners, such as is used in lighthouse lamps. In this
arrangement the space enclosed by the inner tube of the central burner
A is divided by diaphragms a¹, a¹, the annular space enclosed between
the central burner and that surrounding it is divided by the diaphragms

page_text: a², a², and so on, the space between the outer burner and the dome or
cap B being divided by the diaphragms b, b.
I would here observe that although I have described and represented
my improved burners as surmounted by a dome or cap it may be dis-
pensed with when German "cut in" chimneys are used with the
burners.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would observe that I am aware
that the space enclosed by the inner tube of argand burners has been
divided by concentric tubes so as to leave annular spaces or passages for 1
air to pass to the flame, and I wish it to be understood that I do not
claim such an arrangement, but I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly. Dividing the interior of the inner tube of argand burners by
means of vertical diaphragms, ribs, or partitions formed in, affixed to, or
arranged in contact with the said inner tube, essentially as herein-before 1
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. Dividing the annular spaces between argand burners when
several of the said burners are arranged concentrically by means of
vertical diaphragms or partitions essentially as herein-before described
and illustrated in Figure 15 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Edward Hearson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
2
Witness,
W. T. WHITEMAN.
CHAS. E. HEARSON. (L.S.)