IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NETS AND NETTING
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County.
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Thirtieth day of September, in the eleventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Edward Newton, Her especial license, full power, sole pri-
vilege and authority, that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands
of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NETS AND NETTING," being
a communication from a Foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said William Edward Newton,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
а

page_text: after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Edward Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
The Invention which has been communicated to me by my Foreign Cor-
respondent, and for which I have obtained Letters Patent as aforesaid, relates
to a novel arrangement of mechanism for weaving nets and netting, and is
applicable not only to the manufacture of fishermen's nets of the larger and
smaller kinds, but likewise to articles of a finer texture, such as fly nets and
nets for other purposes.
The meshes formed by the machine hereafter described and represented are
rectangular, and they may be either square or oblong, their sides running
vertically, and the ends being horizontal. The machine may, however, be so
varied as to reverse the angles of the meshes without departing from the
general principle of its action. The knots at the angles of the meshes are not
of the flat or looped kind, but are the true fisherman's knot, or what is
sometimes called the weaver's knot.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the machine;
Fig. 2 is a top or horizontal view; and Figs. 3 and 4 are end views
thereof. Fig. 5 is a view of the under side of the machine. Fig. 6
represents the cam shaft separated from the other parts of the machine; and
Fig. 7 is a vertical section from front to back in the line ✗..... X of
Figs. 1 and 2; and Fig. 8 is another sectional view of the machine, but taken
in the line, of the same Figures. In each of these Figures, as well as in
those additional thereto, where like parts are represented, they are designated
by the same letters of reference. A is the frame of the machine, which may
be made of either wood or iron. B is the cloth beam on which the work is
wound as the operation of weaving the netting proceeds, the said beam being
made to turn by means of a ratchet wheel and its appendages as in other
looms. C is the yarn beam, from which the thread or yarn is to be supplied
to the thread conductors, or the said threads may be supplied directly
from bobbins without beaming. D (Figs. 1, 2, and 3) is a shaft or spindle
to which the motive power is to be applied. It is represented in the
Drawings as furnished with a winch a, by which the machine may be
driven when actuated by hand. The pinion 6 on the shaft D gears into the

page_text: A
intermediate cog wheel M, and this takes into the cog wheel H on the main
cam shaft D', shewn in Figs. I and 2, and separately in Fig. 6. E is the
breast beam, over which the work passes on its way from the knotting appa-
ratus to the cloth beam. This breast beam is usually covered with cloth.
concave block of wood or metal may be allowed to press on the work as it
passes over the breast beam, and this may be borne down with any desired
degree of force by means of weights or springs. This tends to keep the work
taut between the breast beam and the cloth beam, and to leave it slack.
between the breast beam and the knotting apparatus. Instead of the concave
block above spoken of there may be a pressing roller similar to the breast
beam, which, by pressing on the work, will produce a like effect; and, should
it be desired, the breast beam may be furnished with a ratchet wheel in the
same manner with the cloth beam, which ratchet wheel may be moved by a feed
hand on what I have called the reed, to be presently described, and which, in
the operation of the machine, is made to move backward and forward. The
machine has, however, been used without such ratchet; but as it may in some
cases be desirable, I have thought it best to mention it. It being, however, a
common device, understood by every machinist acquainted with looms, it is
altogether unnecessary to describe it more minutely. F, F, in Figs. 1 and 2,
are two shuttle boxes, which in their general construction are like those in ordi-
nary use. c, c, are buttons or pickers, that keep their fronts closed. G, G, are
vibrating rods or bars, the outer ends of which enter openings in the rear sides
of the shuttle boxes. The parts which enter the shuttle boxes are connected
with the apparatus for throwing the loom out of gear, and are acted on by the
shuttle in a manner similar to that well known in the power loom, the non-
entrance of the shuttle into the shuttle box producing an action of the parts
by which the apparatus is thrown out of gear. The shaft I, seen most distinctly
in the plan view Fig. 5, which is taken on the under side of the machine, is that
which carries the two cams t, t, that operate on the picker staves or shuttle
drivers J, J. The shaft I may receive its motion from the principal cam shaft D,
by means of cogged gearing, as shewn in the end view, Fig. 4, where d is a
toothed wheel on the end of the shaft D', and which toothed wheel gears into an
intermediate wheel e, and this again into the wheel f, on the end of the shaft I.
The threads or wings t, t, that surround the shaft I spirally, as seen in Fig. 5,
and form the cam for driving the picker staves, are not spiral at their outer
ends t, as they are not intended to act on the shuttle thrower during one half.
of the revolution of the shaft; but when this has revolved to that extent, the
spiral portion of the thread then acts upon the said drivers J, J, by forcing out
the connecting rod a', a', that are attached to the said drivers.
In Figs. 5,

page_text: 6', 6', are two levers or pieces of metal connected to the under sides of the
frame by joint pins at c¹, c', and these on their upper sides carry pins a', a",
against which the spirals t, t, operate. e, e¹, is a spiral spring connecting the
two pieces b¹, 6¹; and when the shaft has turned so far round as to free the
pins d', d, from the action of the threads t¹, t¹, the spring e¹ will forcibly
draw in one of the drivers J, J, and the shuttle will be thrown; each of the
drivers or picker shaft J, J, being alternately thus acted upon. The difference
of this arrangement for throwing the shuttle from those adopted for producing
a like result in the power loom will be evident to those conversant with that
machinery, and is specially adapted to the action required in this machine.
Instead of the spiral spring e', el, a separate spring may be employed for each
of the levers b¹, 61, or springs of other forms may be used, this not being a
point of any importance. The warp through which the filling or weft is to be
thrown by the shuttle is to be taken from the yarn beam c, and disposed of
around suitable teeth by what I denominate the thread conductor, which I
will now proceed to describe. R, R, Figs. 2 and 7, is a plate of metal,
forming a part of the thread conductor; this is attached by arms to a rocking
bar or shaft F¹, the pivots of which are seen at f¹, f, Figs. 3 and 4. The
shaft which is represented as a flat bar is shewn by the dotted lines in
Figs. 3 and 4, and 9, 9, are the arms that rise from it and connect it, as seen
in Figs. 7 and 8, with the thread conductors, and operate in the manner to be
presently described. L is a ratchet wheel and pulley on the axle of the yarn
beam, as seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 4; this ratchet wheel is thrown out of gear
with the shaft by the revolving of the main cam wheel, as will presently
appear. 0,0 (Figs. 8 and 12), are two metallic bars or bearers which
extend from end to end of the machine; these are hinged together at
their lower ends, and each of them carries a row of forked teeth, which
approach each other when the loops are being formed by the thread
conductor, and which subsequently rise and open out the warp for the
passage of the shuttle. The bearers O, O, are opened at the proper time
by means of two arms or straps O¹, O¹, attached to each end of and descending
from the bearer O', the foremost of the hinged bearers, the lower ends of
the said arms or straps resting against friction rollers e", el, affixed to the
frame, the arms being so curved as to cause the opening of the bearers as
they are made to rise. One of the straps or arms 0¹, attached to the bearer O,
and the forked teeth r, r, that both the bearers carry, are shewn distinctly in
Figs. 7 and 8, where they are shewn as opened out. N (Figs. 2, 7, and 8)
is a plate of metal extending from end to end of the loom, and which carries
a set of hooked teeth h¹, h', the inner ends of which curve downwards, and

page_text: serve to draw the filling or shoot forward when supplied by the shuttle, and
thereby to aid in the formation of the knots. The manner of forming the
hook is seen at h" in Figs. 7 and 8. This apparatus I denominate the reed.
The hooked teeth on the reed serve to prevent any entangling of the warp at
the time the knots are being run up by drawing the weft thread or shoot
against the front teeth on which the said knots are fornied. The reed has to
vibrate up and down, and backwards and forwards, in the performance of its
office; and these motions are given to it by means of the cam T on the main
cam shaft, and by the pin j, on the cam C¹ (Fig. 6). The manner in which
this effected is represented distinctly in Fig. 8, which is a transverse vertical
section of the machine in the line S, C, of Figs. 1 and 2. S is a rocking shaft
from which descends an arm U, Figs. 1 and 8, against which the cam T
operates. From the lower end of the arm U the jointed rod V extends
forward, and is connected at its fore end by a joint pin to the arm W, that is
made fast to a flat shaft X. Y, Figs. 1 and 4, is a spring that bears against
the lower side of the shaft X; this shaft is bent up at right angles at each
of its ends, and rocks on joint pins f", f, Figs. 3 and 4. The reed N
with its hooked teeth is hung by joint pins c', c¹ (Figs. 3 and 4), to the turned-
up ends X of the shaft X; it is therefore capable of vibrating up and down
on these pins, and of being moved in and out with the vibration of the
shaft X on its joint pins f", both of which motions are requisite to its proper
action.
A¹, Figs. 1, 3, 7, and 8, is a lever working on a fulcrum d', which lever is
connected by a link g' with the reed plate N, which it is intended to lift by the
action of the pin j' projecting out from the cam C', on the shaft D'; when not so
lifted, it is drawn down by a spring h, Figs. 7 and 8, attached to the shaft X,
and connected to the plate N by the link i, its gravity not being sufficient to
insure its descent. The lever A¹ is connected to the bell crank B, and has its
fulcrum at i; the pin that acts at the lower end of this crank is, as above
noticed, shewn at j, Fig. 6, projecting out from the cam C¹; the same pin is
seen dotted at j, in Fig. 7, it is of course so situated as to lift the reed N at
the proper time. The yarn beam C has the yarn wound on in the ordinary
manner; from this beam the threads pass through the holes j',j', Figs. 2, 7,
and 8, in the thread conductor R, a section of which is shewn at R, Figs. 7
and 8.
The red line k shews the threads passing from the yarn beam to the
thread conductor, and down through an eye in the lower end of the wire k³,
attached to the under side of the plate R, which wire is bent at right angles
and drilled for that purpose, there being one such wire to each hole, performing,
in fact, the same office as a tube descending from the plate R. The thread

page_text: conductor has a complex motion forward and backward, and endwise. The arms
g,g, that rise from each end of the flat rocking shaft F, before mentioned,
communicate to it its backward and forward motion. These arms are made
fast to the rocking shaft F, but not to the thread conductor R, as on the upper
ends of the said arms there are cylindrical pins or pivots l, l, that pass freely
through holes in the side straps E', E', seen distinctly in Figs. 2, 7, and 8, the
form in which the straps are bent being seen in the two latter Figures, as well
as also their attachment to R at 1, where they may be rivetted together. The
outer ends E", of the slide straps pass through staples m, m, attached to the ends
of the framing of the machine; and the staples, as well as the cylindrical pins 1, 1,
are of such length as to allow the necessary lateral motion to the thread
conductor R. It will be seen that by means of the pins and the staples m,
the thread conductor is supported, and left free to move backward and
forward as well as laterally. Its motion backward and forward is not
(under the arrangement represented) perfectly horizontal, its fore end being
curved, as represented at E", Figs. 7 and 8, by which it is made to lift and
depress the threads, so as to perform its office in the formation of the knots;
I have, however, sometimes made these straps straight. The vibration of the
rocking bar or shaft FI of the thread conductor R, and consequently the
backward and forward motion of the latter, is caused by the cams G¹ and H¹ on
the cam shaft D¹, as seen in Fig. 6. These cams are made to operate
alternately upon two arms l' and J', which are connected to the rocking shaft
or bar F, as seen in the detached sectional view, Fig. 9,, which represents
a section taken through the main cam shaft, and through the rocking bar or
shaft F', in the line &, &, of Fig. 2. This Figure 9 represents the cams G¹
and H', and the arms I¹ and J¹, on which they operate. K is a spring
by which the rocking bar or shaft F¹ is drawn back when the arms I¹ and J'
are not acted on by the cams G¹ and H¹. The parts above described give the
backward and forward motions to the thread conductor R; but, in order to wind
the threads around the respective teeth, there must be a lateral motion also
given to it in combination with the backward and forward motions. This
lateral motion is given by means of the cam Z on the shaft D¹, Fig. 6.
This
cam consists of a circular plate of metal, the outer edge of which is concentric
with the shaft D', and the face of which is in part curved out, as shewn at Z.
The edge of this plate works in a notched stud descending from a plate Y¹,
Fig. 2, which is thereby made to vibrate laterally on a joint pin z.
Figure 14 is a top view of this plate Y¹, and of the cam Z that actuates it
by means of its lateral swell Z. The stud that the cam operates upon is
shewn at ¹ in the Figure. This stud turus in the plate Y', and a notch on.

page_text: its lower side embraces the edge of the cam, to the curvature of which it
adapts itself, and thereby moves the thread conductor R laterally, it being
guided in the motion by the pins 1, 1, and the staples m, m, Figs. 1 and 2.
To enable the conductor R to move backward and forward whilst the lateral
motion is communicated to it, a part of this plate Y' is extended forward, as
seen at Y", and its front end is bent up at right angles; in this bent-up part
a notch is made that receives a flat plate attached to the end of the thread
conductor, so as to allow the latter to slide therein.
Figure 15 is a side view of the plate Y₁, shewing also the plate Y, which
is connected to and makes a part of the thread conductor, and which enters
the notch in Y, and thereby actuates the thread conductor to which the part
Y is connected. This last place is seen also in Fig. 4, and its upper edge
in Fig. 2; it is attached to the end of the conductor, standing at right angles
to it, and extends backwards and forwards sufficiently far to allow the sliding
motion in that direction.
In the sectional Figures 7 and 8 is shewn a flat bar or plate of iron K, which
vibrates upon joint pins at its back edge; at each end of the frame it has (rising
from its face) a double row of wire teeth n¹, n', Figs. 7 and 8, and detached
at Figs. 10 and 11, which represent plan and front views of a part of this
plate. It has two teeth for each thread of the thread conductor, around which
pairs of teeth the respective threads are wound by the backward and forward
and lateral motions of the conductor. The form and arrangement of these
teeth are such as to place and keep the thread in a position suited to the
action of the other parts of the machine to be presently described. When the
loops are to be liberated from the teeth n, n¹, the front of the plate K
(Figs. 7 and 8) falls, and they are thereby freed therefrom. The plate K is
made to drop at the proper time by the action of a cam on the cam shaft,
which operates on the under side of a hinged plate L", Fig. 2, which bears
at its fore end against the under side of the said plate K. L', L', Figs. 1, 7,
and 8, is a stationary plate, extending from end to end of the machine, and
having on its upper edge a row of teeth o, o, o, the form of one of which is
shewn distinctly in Figs. 7 and 8. The thread conductors as they advance
pass on. one side of the pairs of teeth n, n, on the plate K, advance so far as
to carry the thread round one of the teeth o, and returning back carry the
thread on the opposite side of the pairs of teeth n, n, which causes the thread.
to leave an opening in the rear part of the loop which it forms; equal to the,
distance of the teeth n, n³, from each other; the hinged bearers O, O¹, before
referred to and seen opened out in Figs. 7, 8, and 12, with the forked
teeth r, r, which they carry, are now ready to be brought into action.

page_text: The bearers are hinged together at m', Figs. 7, 8, and 12, and from them
rise the rows of forked teeth r, rl, Figs. 1, 7, and 8. In Fig. 1, the
whole of the rear row r¹ of the forked teeth is hidden by the fore row,
with the exception of the long prong r¹ on the rear row, which is allowed
to project up for the purpose of aiding in preventing the entangling of the
threads, in other respects the forked teeth are precisely alike; the length-
ening of one prong is not absolutely necessary, but is very useful in its effective
operation. Whilst the thread conductor is winding the threads round the
teeth n, n¹, and o of the bars K and L, the forked teeth r are depressed, as in
Figures 1 and 2, so that their upper ends are below the level of the teeth n, n¹,
and o, and the upper ends of the two rows of forked teeth are in contact with
each other; they are drawn together by the action of the spring 6" attached
to the arms of the levers M", M, Figs. 8 and 12, and from the lower end of
the spring 6 a cord or c¹¹ proceeds, and by passing through an opening in the
bearer O, and attached to O', of course always tends to close the forked teeth,
but as they rise the strength of the spring 6 is overcome, and they are forced
open by the straps or arms o, o¹, bearing against the friction roller e¹¹, Figs. 7
and 8, as already described. When the arms O, O, and the forked teeth
are raised and opened out, the shuttle carrying the weft or shoot is to be
thrown. The manner of raising the arms O, O, and forked teeth is as
follows:-M", M", Figs. 2 and 12, are two arms or levers, hinged at
their rear ends m", as seen in Figs. 2 and 12, to the back part of the
framing, and are acted upon simultaneously by the cams P¹ and P" on the
shaft D¹; the inner ends of the arms M", M", extend forwards and down-
wards, as shewn at M, and carry the arms O, O¹, which are connected
thereto at the hinged part m of the said arms, and as the cams P, P, revolve,
the arms M, and consequently the arms O, 0¹, and the forked teeth are
raised at the proper time. The arrangement, construction, and action of
these parts will be best understood by reference to Fig. 12, which is a trans-
verse vertical section of the machine near one of the cams P₁ or O¹; they are
also in part shewn in Fig. 8. The reed N, with its hooked teeth h¹, h¹¹, is
brought into action immediately after the throwing of the shoot or weft by the
passing of the shuttle, the manner of actuating which has been already
described. The hooked teeth are raised to the proper height for taking hold
on the shoot or weft, and the whole reed is moved back by the action of the
cam T in a manner and under an arrangement of parts which are fully set
forth in the description already given of that instrument. The hooked
teeth lay hold of the thread of weft or shoot, and draw it forward into
contact with the teeth o, o, on the edge of the permanent plate L', L', when

page_text: the knots are to be formed; simultaneously with the drawing forward of the
thread of weft or shoot the forked teeth r¹, r, with their arms o, o, and
levers M, M", descend.
The manner in which the yarn beam C is made to operate in taking
up the slack warp which is liberated in the tyeing of the knots, constitutes
a very important feature of the Invention, and I will now therefore proceed
to describe the arrangement of the parts by which the said yarn beam
is connected with the machine, so as to accomplish that object. L is a
ratchet wheel and pulley on the axle of the yarn beam, which ratchet wheel
and pulley are to be thrown out of and into gear on the formation of each
row of meshes. The pulley, which is in one piece with the ratchet wheel, has
two cords attached to it, p¹ and 9; the outer end of p¹ is attached to the
lever M', Fig. 2, which has its fulcrum at 9', and is operated on by the spiral
cam N₁ on the shaft D¹. The cord 7, which is also attached to the pulley L,
is made fast by its outer end to a grooved pulley Q, Fig. 4, from which hangs
the weight P, suspended by a cord ", attached to the said pulley. The cord p¹,
which is attached to the pulley L, descends from it, and passing through a
guide loop w¹, has its outer end made fast to the lever M, Fig. 2, as before
mentioned. The ratchet and pulley L on the axis of the yarn beam C, are
kept out of gear with the said beam by means of a spiral or other spring
between the two, so as to allow the pulley to turn freely on the axis of the
beam when not forced up against it. 1, Fig. 2, is a tooth attached to the beam,
which takes into the ratchet wheel when the two are in gear. The ratchet wheel
is forced into gear in the following manner :-Q', Fig. 4, is a hinged plate,
that rests when the ratchet and pulley L are out of gear upon the face of the
wheel d, on the cam shaft D¹. On the face of the wheel d there is a bevil-faced
pin S, that in its revolution passes under the end of the plate Q. From the
upper end of this plate proceed an arm S', which, by bearing on the pulley L,
forces the ratchet into gear during the action of the pin S, on the plate Q¹.
The arrangement of this part is also shewn in Fig. 2. From the lever M'
there passes a cord. to the pulley Q, this is shewn by the dotted lines u, Fig. 2,
and the cord is also seen on the pulley at u, Fig. 4. On the cam N¹, con-
stituting the spiral cam before named, there is a spiral thread u', u', by which
the lever M¹ is carried back, and the weight P on the pulley Q is raised by
means of the cord u. At the inner end of the lever M¹, see Fig. 2, there is
a pin v, projecting down from the lever, against which pin the spiral thread
operates as the shaft D' revolves, and when this pin arrives at the end u¹¹ of
the spiral thread, it escapes therefrom, and the weight P then suddenly falls,
pulling with it the lever M', which reassumes its original position, as shewn

page_text: in the Drawing. At the end of the yarn beam C, opposite to that where the
pulley L is situated, there is another pulley R', round which passes a cord v¹.
The manner of connecting this cord is distinctly shewn in Figs. 7 and 8. One
end of it is made fast to a lever S¹, having its fulcrum at w. The other end
is made fast to a spring at wl, which serves to keep the cord taut. The
intention of this part of the apparatus is to produce a slight counteraction on
the yarn beam, immediately after the thread conductor has wound the thread
round the pins, as above described. When this winding is completed, there
will be a slight slackness of the yarn, which must be taken up in order to
render the work perfect, and make the knot tight. The inner end of the
lever S¹ is acted on by a cam T', on the cam shaft. This cam and the end of
the lever S¹ on which it operates, are in Fig. 7 shewn in red lines, as they
are obscured by other parts. When the cam T¹ raises the end of the lever S,
it depresses that end to which the cord v¹ is attached, and causes it to give
the required reverse motion to the yarn beam.
I will now describe the purpose answered by the spiral cam N', the
lever M, the pulley and ratchet wheel L', the pulley Q', and their appendages.
After the thread conductor has wound the thread around the teeth, and the
shuttle has thrown the shoot or weft, and the reed has drawn the said shoot or
weft forward into contact with the teeth o¹, o¹, there will have been a con-
This
siderable surplus quantity of warp taken off from the yarn beam.
quantity was however necessary for the formation of the loops, but part of it
must be again taken up in order to tie the knots against the teeth o¹, o. This
is effected in the following manner :-The first operation is throwing the
ratchet wheel L' into gear with the yarn beam C¹; while this is being
effected, the spiral cam N, which has been operating in raising the weight P,
will arrive at that point which allows the pin v¹ to escape at the end u of
the spiral thread on N₁, and the lever M' is consequently drawn forward by
the descent of the weight P¹; the cord q, which passes round both the
pullies L' and Q', will then cause the yarn beam C¹ to retrograde, and thereby
to take up the portion of yarn which is to be given back to it in the for-
mation of the knots. The use of the cord p', which passes around the
pulley L, in a direction the reverse of that of the cord q', is to keep the
latter taut as the weight P is being raised. Another and less complex
mode of taking up the slack warp which is liberated in the drawing up or
tyeing of the knots may be employed (namely), by means of a roller or
other similar device situated above or below the warp, between the yarn
beam and the thread conductors, which may be made to raise or depress
the warp as it is given back, such roller being regulated in its action by

page_text: weights passing over pullies, or in any other convenient manner. The
knots having been completely tied in the manner above set forth, the
next operation is the lifting them from the teeth o¹, o¹, preparatory to the
winding of a corresponding portion of the netting on to the cloth beam. In
front of the stationary plate L', Figs. 1*, 7 and 8, which sustains the teeth
o', o', there is a vertical sliding plate U', U', having forked teeth a¹, x³, on its
upper edge. The plate U¹ is raised, whilst the hooked teeth h of the reed N
still hold the shoot or weft against the teeth o¹, o'. The notches a¹ between
the forked teeth r¹ admit the teeth h¹ of the reed to pass into them. The
forked teeth.x, x¹, when the plate U', U¹, is raised, rise sufficiently high to
lift the knots clear of the teeth o', o¹; the reed is then again drawn forward, and
the knots rest on the back of the forked teeth a¹; the plate U₁ then sinks and
leaves the knots free, and the work ready to be taken up by the cloth beam.
The manner of actuating the plate U is as follows:-V, Figs. 7 and 8, is a
lever, having its fulcrum at y (there being a like lever at the opposite end of
the machine). This lever is connected by a joint at y¹ with the plate U¹.
The opposite ends of these levers are operated upon by the cam C', C" on the
ends of the shaft D', see Fig. 6, so as to raise the plate U at the proper time.
The plate U is drawn down by the spiral spring W', Fig. 1.
The cloth or work beam B* is moved by a cam X on the cam shaft D¹,
Figs. 6 and 7, but its operation and the arrangement of its parts being sin:ilar
to that of the cloth beam of the ordinary power loom, no further description
thereof is necessary.
OPERATION OF THE MACHINE..
In putting the machine into operation the warp is first wound upon the yarn
beam in the usual manner, the respective threads of the warp are then passed
through the holes j',', in the thread conductor, and passing between the teeth n, n¹,
on the plate K, and over the respective forked teeth 7, 2, is conducted down to
the cloth beam by the breast beam, as shewn by the red lines k, k, Fig. 7. This
having been done, and the machine being set in motion by any adequate power,
the thread conductor performs the first operation by passing the respective threads
that are to form the meshes around the teeth n, n', on the plate K and the teeth
o', o, on the plate L. A view of one thread so wound is given at a" in Fig. 13,
the other parts of the apparatus being omitted. When the threads are in this
position the forked teeth r, r, Fig. 12, are in contact with each other, the
arms or bearers o', o', being in their lowest position, and closed, and the forked
teeth standing also directly under the part c" of the wound thread; the
fork teeth then rise and carry the part c¹¹ of the thread. up with them, and

page_text: as they rise they open out as seen in Figs. 7 and 8, and the thread which
they have lifted is of course stretched out between them. A pick of the
shuttle is then made, and a thread of shoot or weft is thrown in between the
parts of the warp raised by the forked teeth and the portions around the
teeth n¹, n', and o. To one of the arms or bearers o¹, o', of the forked teeth
1., is attached a series of wires or rods o¹¹¹, Figs. 7, 8, and 12, that stand in
a horizontal position, and serve as supports to the shuttle in its passage back-
wards and forwards. The hooked teeth of the reed are then advanced, so
as to enable them to lay hold on the thread of shoot or weft, and as they are
again drawn forward they bring up this thread against the teeth o, o.
During this operation the forked teeth r, r¹, are depressed and closed ready
for another operation. The remainder of the action of the machine in com-
pleting the tyeing of the knots by the counter motion of the yarn beam, and
the manner of removing them from the teeth o¹, o¹, preparatory to the taking
up of the finished article by the cloth beam, has been already fully made
known in describing the manner in which the yarn beam C is made to
operate in taking up the slack of the warp, and of the moving parts connected
therewith, and need not be repeated. When the netting is taken up on the
cloth beam the knots are not fully tightened, and a subsequent stretching,
lengthwise of the warp, is necessary to render them firm. This is sometimes
effected by winding the netting upon the yarn beam, and holding the cloth beam
back to give the necessary tension. I, however, prefer to use a second beam,
similar to the cloth beam on which to wind it from the said cloth beam.
Having thus fully described the nature of the Invention, which has been
communicated to me by my Foreign Correspondent, as aforesaid, and also
shewn the manner in which the same is carried into operation, I would
observe, in conclusion, that what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,—
First, the forming of a true knot in netting woven in a loom, by beaming
a regular warp from the yarn to the cloth beam, and forming loops therein of
the nature of those herein described, through which loops a thread or threads
of shoot or weft is or may be thrown by a shuttle; these operations being
effected under an arrangement of parts, such as those herein set forth and
described, or any mere modification thereof.
Second, I claim the combination of parts, or any modification thereof, as
herein set forth, for giving motion to the thread conductors, so as to wind the
threads of warp around the teeth n, n¹, and o, in such manner as to con-
stitute a loop, leaving a middle thread c¹¹ to be carried up by the forked teeth.
I do not claim the exclusive use of thread conductors for winding threads

page_text: around teeth, except for the purposes above shewn and described, they having
been used for other purposes. I claim, in reference to this particular, the
arrangement and combination of parts by which I am enabled to form
simultaneously a series of loops for producing knots.
I claim the employment of the bearers or arms O, O', and the forked
teeth r, r, which are made to raise the thread c", and then open out so as
to leave spaces between the threads a" and c", through which a thread of
weft or shoot is to be thrown by a shuttle.
I claim the employment of the reed N, as herein described, with its hooked
teeth h³, for drawing up the thread of weft or shoot against the teeth o, to
aid, by its respective movements, in the regular formation of the knots.
I claim the taking up of the slack or that portion of the warp that is
liberated in the drawing up or tyeing of the knots, whether the same be effected
by the action of the weight P operating on a pulley Q, and the other parts
concerned, in giving the reversed motion to the yarn beam at the proper time,
or by the aid of a roller or other analogous device made to raise or depress
the warp between the yarn beam and the thread conductor, or in any other way
that is substantially the same, producing a like effect by analogous means.
And I do hereby declare that I do not intend by the foregoing claims to
limit myself to the particular form of the respective parts herein described,
or to the particular portion of the angles of the meshes, but to vary these as
I may think expedient, whilst I do not depart from the general principle upon
which the machine is made to operate, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and font night
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Thirtieth day of March,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Edward Newton came
before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.