AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS FOR DRAWING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATE- RIALS; A PART OR THE WHOLE OF WHICH IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO SHAPING METALS FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonas Marland, of Sun Vale Iron Works, Walsden,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS FOR DRAWING, SPINNING,
DOUBLING, AND PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATE-
RIALS; A PART OR THE WHOLE OF WHICH IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO SHAPING METALS FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 10th September 1855, and dated the 14th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonas Marland at the
Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th March 1855.
I, JONAS MARLAND, of Sun Vale Iron Works, Walsden, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS FOR DRAWING, SPINNING,
DOUBLING, AND PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS; A
PART OR THE WHOLE OF WHICH IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO
SHAPING METALS FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
It consists in a new and improved mode of producing the squares which
form the couplings of rollers used for drawing, spinning, doubling, and
preparing cotton, wool, flax, and other fibrous materials. The square is first
roughly forged in the usual manner. The roller (or the bar which is to form

page_text: the roller) is then placed in the machine, by which the square is to be com-
pleted or perfected. This machine is furnished with a slide, which is actuated
by a cam or eccentric on a shaft which receives motion from a steam engine
or other first mover. On the slide are fixed two adjustable cutting or shaping
tools, which, when the machine is at work, operate simultaneously on two
opposite sides of the square. The machine is also furnished with appliances
or mechanism, by which the roller or bar on which the square is to be com-
pleted is held and moved forward during the process. When the pair of
opposite. sides of the square are completed, the roller is withdrawn to the same
position as at first by means of the appliances or mechanism. The roller is
now turned round one-fourth of a revolution, which brings the other two sides
into a position to be operated upon by the tools. The operation is now
repeated as before, which being done the square is complete, and has its
opposite sides flat and parallel, and properly calculated to fit the socket of the
roller to which it is to be coupled.
I do not, however, confine myself to operating upon the square of a single
roller only at the same time, but construct the machine so as to admit of a
considerable number of rollers or bars being acted upon simultaneously, there
being as many pairs of cutting or shaping tools in operation as there are
rollers or bars, and a corresponding extension of the mechanism by which the
rollers or bars are held and moved during the process. Neither do I confine
my Invention to producing the squares on rollers as described, but use it for
shaping metals for other purposes, as, for instance, the nuts for screw bolts,
whether square or hexagonal, and also in any case where the piece of metal
admits of being acted upon by two cutting or shaping tools which play
upon two of its opposite sides at one and the same time. By these means
I am enabled to produce the couplings of rollers, and likewise other articles,
with great economy of cost, and at the same time of superior workmanship.
to what is produced by the common and usual process.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jonas Marland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONAS
MARLAND, of Sun Vale Iron Works, Walsden, in the County of Lancaster,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Jonas Marland, Her special license that I, the said Jonas
Marland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Jonas Marland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS FOR DRAWING,
SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS; A PART OR THE WHOLE OF WHICH IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE TO SHAPING METALS FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Jonas Marland, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jonas Marland, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawing (that is to say):-
It consists in a new and improved mode of producing the squares which
forin the couplings of rollers used for drawing, spinning, doubling, and pre-
paring cotton, wool, flax, and other fibrous materials. The square is first
roughly forged in the usual manner. The roller (or the bar which is to form
the roller) is then placed in the machine by which the square is to be com-
pleted or perfected. This machine is furnished with a slide, which is actuated
by a cam or excentric on a shaft which receives motion from a steam engine
or other first mover. On the slide are fixed two adjustable cutting or shaping
tools, which when the machine is at work operate simultaneously on two
opposite sides of the square. The machine is also furnished with appliances or
mechanism, by which the roller or bar on which the square is to be completed.
is held and moved forward during the process. When the pair of opposite.
sides of the square are completed, the roller or bar is withdrawn to the same
position as at first by means of the appliances or mechanism; the roller or

page_text: bar is now turned round one-fourth of a revolution, which brings the other two
sides. into a position to be operated upon by the tools. The operation is now
repeated as before, which being done the square is complete, and has its
opposite sides flat and parallel, and properly calculated to fit the socket of
the roller to which it is to be coupled.
In order to make my Invention more clearly understood, I have hereunto
annexed a Sheet. of Drawings, to which and to the letters and Figures of
reference-marked thereon the following description relates; it being. noted,
that in all cases where the same letters of reference or letters and figures
conjoined are found, they indicate the same parts of the machinery or
apparatus:-
Fig. 1 a side elevation, and Fig. 2 a front elevation of a machine to which
my improvements are applied. A, A, A, &c., bed or frame of the machine
supported by the standards A 1, A 1, &c.; A 2, A 2, two other standards, fixed
upon the. bed A, A, which support the first motion shaft B, B; B1, B1, fast
and loose pulleys, to which the motion is communicated from the steam engine
or other moving power. by: means of the strap. or belt B2; on the shaft B, B,
is fixed the grooved disk B 3, on which is the adjustable pin or stud B 4,
which actuates the rod B 5, which gives motion to the bell-crank lever C, on
which is the catch or pall C 1, which acts upon the ratchet wheel C 2, to which
is attached the pinion C3, which by means of the wheel C4 and pinion C 5
imparts an advancing motion to the rack D 1 on the sliding table D, D; on the
table D, D, are the two moveable lathe heads D2, D 2, in the centres of
which is placed the roller or bar to be acted upon, D 3, D 3. On the table D,D,
is also fixed the dividing head D 4, D 4; through this dividing head proceeds a
hollow axis, (through the centre of which passes the roller or bar D 3,) at one
end of which is the roller carrier D 5, and at the other end the adjusting
plate D 6, which is clamped to the dividing plate D 7 by the pinching screw
D 8, and which is held in position by the spring D 9, and its tooth, which
takes into the dividing plate D 7, which is divided into a number of notches
in proportion to the number of parallel sides to be produced on the roller or
bar. D 10, the end of the roller or bar D 3, D.3, on which is to be formed the
parallel sides or square; B 6, a cam or eccentric on the first motion shaft
B, B, which imparts.a reciprocating motion to the connecting rod E, E, which
is attached to the slide. E 1, E1, which moves in V grooves on the cross
slide A.3, which is attached to the standards A 2, A 2. This slide E 1, E1,
carries the two cutting tools E 2, E 2, which, when the machine is at work,
operate simultaneously on both sides of. the end D 10 of the roller or bar
D3, D 3. These cutting-tools E 2, E2, pass through a novel tool holder, which

page_text: forms parts of the slide E 1, E 1, their relative distance being adjusted and
secured by the moveable wedge or double inclined plane E 3, and the retain
ing set screws E4, E 4, E 4, &c., This mode of adjusting and holding the
tools will be better understood by reference to Figs. 3 and 4, where, they
are represented on a larger scale, as adapted to a heavier description of
work. E 2, E 2, the tools; D 10, the bar of metal to be operated upon;
E8, the wedge or double inclined plane on which is formed the two parallel
tongues or guides. e, e, which take into the grooves e 1, e1;;.e 2, screw acting
upon the wedge E 3, after the usual manner of a slide. By turning the
screw e2 backwards or forwards the wedge E3 is raised. or depressed,
E4, E 4, E 4, E 4, the set screws which press upon the tools E 2, E 2, through
the intervention of the gibs E 5, E.5. The tools are thus pressed against the
wedge or double. inclined plane E 3,, and consequently, their, distance with
respect to each other is thus made to vary with the position of the wedge
E 3, (which is regulated as before described by the screw e2;) and of the
retaining screws E4, E 4, E 4, E4. The cutting edges of the tools E 2, E2,
being previously levelled, and their distance from each other adjusted,..they
are finally secured by the clamping screws. e 3, e 3. The wedge or double
inclined plane E 3 is shewn separately in front view in Fig. 5; and as seen
from above in Fig. 6, where it will be observed that it forms a portion of
an isosceles triangle, the angles at the base (which is uppermost in the
Figures) being equal. It must, however, be understood, that I do not confine
myself to the use of the wedge or double inclined plane E 3, as other mechanism
may be substituted for it to answer the same purpose; as, for instance, I
sometimes make use of a double screw, consisting of a right-hand and left-hand
thread, meeting each other at the middle. These act upon separate pieces of
metal, which, by turning the screw, are made simultaneously to advance to or
recede from each other, and thus act as a substitute for the wedge or double
inclined plane. Upon the sliding table D, D, and immediately under the
end of the roller or bar D 10 to be operated upon, is fixed the box F, (shewn
in section, Fig. 2,) containing the adjustable bearer F.1, whose use, is to
support and give solidity to the roller or bar. during the process of cutting,
which object is effected in manner following, viz. :-Through the centre of
the box F passes the screw and shaft F2 carrying the cone F 3, upon which
rests the sliding stud or bearer F 1, when the roller or bar is brought into
position by the dividing head D 4, D 4, to be acted upon by the tools; the screw
and cone are turned by means of the hand wheels F 4, F 4, which moves the
coue in the direction of the length of the screw, and thereby imparts a
lifting motion to the sliding stud or bearer, until it is brought into contact

page_text: with the bar or roller, and thus forms an effectual and solid support to the end
of the bar or roller whilst being acted upon. Immediately upon the two
parallel sides being finished by the tools the hand wheels are turned round in
the contrary direction, which withdraws the cone and allows the sliding stud or
bearer to fall down and liberate the roller or bar; which being done, the
roller or bar is brought into a fresh position by the dividing head for forming
another pair of parallel sides, when the operation of staying is repeated, and
the operation continued as before. C6, fly wheel and handle by which, the
sliding table D, D, is returned to its first position, after a pair of opposite
sides of the square have been completed. When the sliding table D, D, has
advanced to a certain length for the formation of some description of roller
squares, it is necessary to finish the cut to a determinate projection or
shoulder, (which object is attained in the following manner :-Upon the bed
A, A, is fixed the fulcrum G 1 of the horizontal lever G, to one arm of which
is attached the spiral spring G 2, which is kept in a state of tension by the
latch G 3. On one side of the sliding table D, D, is fixed the adjustable
projection G 4, which, when the table has advanced to a certain point, comes
into contact with the under side of the inclined head of the latch G 3, and
lifts it off the lever, when the action of the spring brings the lever into
contact with and throws back the pall C1, and thus brings the sliding table
to a state of rest.
I do not, however, confine myself to operating upon the square of single
roller or bar only at the same time, but occasionally construct the machine so
as to admit of a considerable number of rollers or bars being acted upon
simultaneously; there being as many pairs of cutting or shaping tools in
operation as there are rollers or bars, and a corresponding extension of the
mechanism by which the rollers or bars are held and moved during the
process. Neither do I confine myself to the use of a single slide to hold
the pair of cutting tools, as I sometimes use a separate slide to hold cach tool,
the other conditions of my Invention being observed. Neither do I confine
my Invention to producing the squares on rollers as described, but use it
for shaping metals for other purposes, as, for instance, the nuts for screw
bolts, whether square or hexagonal; also for the parallel sides of the connecting
rods of steam engines, as also for the key beds on shafts; and also in any
cases where the piece of metal admits of being acted upon by two cutting or
shaping tools, which play on two of its opposite sides at one and the same
time. By these means I am enabled to produce the couplings of rollers, and
likewise other articles, with great economy of cost and at the same time of
superior workmanship to what is produced by the common and usual process.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details and arrangement of my improved machine
as herein-before shewn, (as these may be varied,) but that what I do claim as
new and of my Invention is as follows:-
First, I claim the application and adaptation of the wedge or double inclined
plane E 3, or the substitute or substitutes for the same, to the purpose of
forming or producing the squares on rollers or bars, or forming parallel sides
on pieces of metal, as set forth and described.
Second, I claim the application, adaptation, and use of the two cutting
tools E 2, E 2, to be used in pairs on the same slide, or on two separate slides
operating simultaneously, to the purpose of producing the squares which form
the couplings of rollers used for drawing, spinning, doubling, and preparing
cotton, wool, flax, and other fibrous materials, as set forth and described.
Third, I claim the application, adaptation, and use of the two cutting tools
E2, E 2, which are used in pairs and secured to the same slide, to the
purpose of forming and producing the squares on rollers or bars, or forming
parallel sides on pieces of metal, as set forth and described.
Fourth, I claim the application, adaptation, and use of the cone F 3, to
the purpose of adjusting and supporting the bearer F 1, the use of which is
to support and give solidity to the roller or bar during the process of cutting,
as set forth and described.
Fifth, I claim the general arrangement, adaptation, construction, and com-
bination of the several parts constituting the machine set forth in Figs. 1
and 2, and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonas Marland, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Signed by the within-named Jonas Marland
in the presence of
JOHN POTTER, C.E.,
9, Corporation Street,
Manchester.
JONAS MARLAND. (L.S.)