Improvements in or connected with the Joints of Earthenware or other Pipes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 13th May, 1896-Accepted, 13th June, 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Joints of Earthenware or
other Pipes.
1, JAMES FARLEY, of St. Andrews' Street, Hertford, in the County of
Hertford, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the, uature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in or connected with the joints of
earthenware or other pipes and has for its object to obtain a simple, inexpensive,
and reliable means. of making, a perfect joint between adjacent sections or lengths.
of pipes or tubes or between lengths of pipes or tubes, and unions, sockets or
the like.
For this purpose, according to one arrangement, a tube of canvas or oiled canvas
or other suitable material is employed which tube is laid around the joint to be
closed, which is for example a butt joint and encircling this, canvas tube, is arranged,
an internally recessed or grooved abutment ring.
I
The ends of the canvas tube pass. out through a suitable opening formed in the '
and the
abutment ring, which opening, is adapted to be.covered by a cap or cover.
ends of the canvas bag are connected with any suitable apparatus by the; aid of.
which Portland cement or other suitable.cementing or jointing material in a semi-
fluid or plastic state is forced into the canvas tube until it is sufficiently distended!
and by taking an abutment against the interior of the abutment ring more or less.
enters into, or at any rate covers and closes, the joint between the pipes.
The cementing or jointing material by this operation is to some extent forced
through the pores or interstices of the fabric constituting the tube and adheres to
the abutment ring and the adjacent surfaces of the lengths of pipe or tube thereby
forming a joint perfectly tight against internal or external pressure.
The ends of the canvas tube are now disconnected from the forcing apparatus
and forced into the abutment ring over the joint, the opening in the abutment ring
is then filled with cementing material and the cap or cover placed in position upon
the abutment.ring....
The tubes are preferably provided pear to the joint with projecting rings or
flanges to prevent the shifting of the canvas tube and these rings or flanges may
when applying the device.to existing tubes or pipes,be formed in two or more parts
bolted together and clamped.around the pipes or tubes.
When,employing a loose. abutment ring.as bereinbefore, described it is, in somer
cases, desirable to form it in two parts bolted together so that it may be readily
placed in position, upon tubes, or pipes already fixed in position...
In some cases, .the. canvas bag which has been, previously filled may, be placed
around the joint and the loose abutment ring slidden or forced on to or fixed around
the same..
'
When the invention is to be applied to tubes or pipes in course of construction
the abutment ring is formed upon one length of pipe so as to overlap the other
length thereby forming a kind of socketed end to the pipe a suitable opening being,
left for the ends of the canvas tube as hereinbefore.described.
Or, in some cases, the abutment ring, may be formed, partly upon one section of
pipe or tube and, partly upon, the other, section, so that these parts combined will
form a complete abutment. ring...

page_text: In lieu of filling the canvas tube from both ends, the cementing or jointing
material may be forced therein from one end only, or, the jointing material may be
simply encased in canvas in the form of a tube.
In applying the invention to an ordinary socket joint, the packing tube is
formed into a flattened annular bag or ring of canvas or oiled canvas or other suitable
flexible or waterproof material which is filled with the cementing or other jointing
material in a plastic state.
The spigot end of the pipe is placed in position in the socket with the packing
ring between its outer surface and the interior surface of the socket; the
packing ring is then rammed hard between the parts and the cement or other
material allowed to set when an air and water tight joint will be formed.
In some cases, the spigot end of the pipe is formed around its exterior
with an annular flange or groove and the socket end is formed around its interior
with a corresponding part or the flange or groove might be formed on or in one
part only.
According to a further modification in the application of the invention to an
ordinary socket joint, the packing tube is, annular in form and provided with a
cord threaded therethrough and the ends of the cord are passed out through an
eyeletted or other opening therein.
The annular canvas or other packing tube thus formed is by its exterior cemented
by the aid of any suitable cement to the interior of 'the socket end of a pipe, the
ends of the cord being passed through an aperture provided in the socket for that
purpose and when the spigot end of the next pipe has been inserted the cord is
drawn tightly around the same.
The tube is thus distended in readiness to receive the filling material which is
introduced through the aperture in the socket and; opening in the tube thus
efficiently packing the joint between the spigot and socket.
By the means hereinbefore described, the necessity for the expensive systems
heretofere employed for forming air or liquid tight joints is avoided and an equally
sound joint is obtained at a much lower expenditure of time and money.
Dated this 13th day of August 1895.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or connected with the Joints of Earthenware or
other Pipes.
I, JAMES FARLEY, of St. Andrews' Street, Hertford, in the County of Hertford,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My said invention relates to improvements in or, connected with the joints of
earthenware or other pipes and has for its object to obtain a simple, inexpensive
and reliable means of making a perfect joint between adjacent sections or lengths
of pipes or tubes or between lengths of pipes or tubes and unions, sockets 'or
the like.
For this purpose, according to one arrangement, a tube of canvas or oiled canvas.
or other suitable material is employed which tube is laid around the joint to be
closed which is for example a butt joint and encircling this canvas tube is arranged
an internally recessed or grooved abutment ring.
:
The ends of the canvas tube pass out through a suitable opening formed in the
abutment ring, which opening is adapted to be covered by a cap or cover; and the
ends of the canvas bag are connected with any suitable apparatus by the aid of

page_text: which Portland cement or other suitable cementing or jointing material in a semi-
fluid or plastic state is forced into the canvas tube until it is sufficiently distended
and by taking an abutment against the interior of the abutment ring more or less
enters into or at any rate covers and closes the joint between the pipes.
The cementing or jointing material by this operation is to some extent forced
through the pores or interstices of the fabric constituting the tube and adheres to
the abutment ring and the adjacent surfaces of the lengths of pipe or tube thereby
forming a joint perfectly tight against internal or external pressure.
The ends of the canvas tube are now disconnected from the forcing apparatus
and forced into the abutment ring over the joint, the opening in the abutment ring
is then filled with cementing material and the cap or cover placed in position upon
the abutment ring.
The tubes are preferably provided near to the joint with projecting rings or
flanges to prevent the shifting of the canvas tube and these rings or flanges may,
when applying the device to existing tubes or pipes, be formed in two or more
parts bolted together and clamped around the pipes or tubes.
When employing a loose abutment ring as herein before described it is, in some
cases, desirable to form it in two parts bolted together so that it may be readily
placed in position upon tubes or pipes already fixed in position.
In some cases, the canvas bag which has been previously filled may be placed
around the joint and the loose abutment ring slidden or forced on to or fixed
around the same.
When the invention is to be applied to tubes or pipes in course of construction,
the abutment ring is formed upon one length of pipe so as to overlap the other
length thereby forming a kind of socketed end to the pipe a suitable opening being
left for the ends of the canvas tube, as hereinbefore described.
Or, in some cases, the abutment ring may be formed partly upon one section of
pipe or tube and partly upon the other section so that these parts combined will
form a complete abutment ring.
In lieu of filling the canvas tube from both ends, the cementing or jointing
material may be forced therein from one end only, or, the jointing material may be
simply encased in canvas in the form of a tube.
In applying the invention to an ordinary socket joint, the packing tube is formed
into a flattened annular bag or ring of canvas cr oiled canvas or other suitable
flexible or waterproof material which is filled with the cementing or other jointing
material in a plastic state.
The spigot end of the pipe is placed in position in the socket with the packing
ring between its outer surface and the interior surface of the socket; the packing
ring is then rammed hard between the parts and the cement or other material
allowed to set when an air and watertight joint will be formed.
In some cases, the spigot end of the pipe is formed around its exterior with an
annular flange or groove and the sochet end is formed around its interior with a
corresponding part or the flange or groove might be formed on or in one part
only.
And, in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying drawings,
more fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1. is a longitudinal view partly in section representing a pipe Joint having
the present improvements applied thereto.
Figure 2, is a transverse section thereof taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 1.
Figure 3. is a side view of the abutment ring separately.
Figure 4. is a similar view of the canvas bag separately.
Figure 5. represents a portion of Figure 1, but with the canvas bag filled and
the cap in place.

page_text: Figure 6. is a sectional view with the canvas bag filled and the cap in place and
representing a slight modification.
Figure 7. is a part transverse section taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 6.
Figure 8. is a side view of a modified form of the canvas bag.
Figure 9. is a transverse section of part thereof.
Figure 10. is a longitudinal section of part of a joint representing a further
modification.
Figure 11. is a similar view to Figure 6. representing a further slight
modification.
Figure 12. is a side or end view thereof.
Figures 13. and 14. are longitudinal sections of parts of a joint representing
further slight modifications, and,
Figures 15. to 18. are longitudinal sections of joints representing various
modifications.
In the several figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
Referring to Figures 1. to 5., a. represents two sections or lengths of pipe
jointed together and which at their ends meet to form a butt joint, and
c. represents the tube or bag of oiled canvas or other suitable material which
is laid around the joint to be closed, whilst b. is the abutment ring which
is internally recessed to receive the bag or tube c. and which latter it completely
encircles.
The ends of the canvas bag c. pass out through a suitable opening 61 formed
in the abutment ring b, and around the opening is formed an apertured boss
formed with a screw thread to receive a cap or cover 62 shown more particularly
at Figure 5, and the ends c' of the canvas bag c. are connected with any suitable
apparatus by the aid of which Portland cement or other suitable cementing or
jointing material in a semi-fluid or plastic state is forced into the canvas bag c.
until it is sufficiently distended, and by taking an abutment against the interior of
the abutment ring b. more or less enters into or at any rate covers and closes the
joint between the pipes a, as shown at Figure 5.
The cementing or jointing material, by this operation, is to some extent forced
through the pores or interstices of the fabric constituting the tube or bag c. and
adheres to the abutment ring b. and the adjacent surface of the length of pipe or
tube a. thereby forming a joint perfectly tight against external or internal
pressure.
The ends of the canvas tube or bag c are now disconnected from the forcing
apparatus, and forced into the abutment ring b. over the joint, the opening b' in
the abutment ring is then filled with cementing material, and the cap or cover b³
placed in position upon the abutment ring b., all as represented at Figure 5.
In lieu of filling the canvas tube or bag c. from both ends, the cementing or
jointing material may be forced therein from one end only the other end being
previously closed down, or, the cementing or jointing material may be simply
enclosed in an annular ring, bag or tube of canvas in the manner hereinafter
described.
In the example given at Figures 6. to 9., and this is the preferred form, the
pipes or tubes a. are provided near to the joints that is to say near to their
njeeting ends with projecting annular rings or Hanges a¹ to prevent the shifting of
the canvas tube or bag c. and in this case the recess in the inner side of the
abutment ring b. shown and described with respect to Figures 1. to 5. is unnecessary,
and is dispensed with, as will be readily understood.
The canvas bag c., in this example, is formed as a complete ring provided with
a single short filling tube as represented more particularly at Figure 8, and
rectangular in transverse section, such shape being preferably obtained. by sewing
together four separate pieces of canvas, three of the joints being made
upon the inside of the bag, and the fourth upon the exterior thereof as shown at
Figure 9.
When employing a loose abutment ring b. as herein before described, it is some-

page_text: times desirable to form it in two parts flanged as at 3 and connected together by
bolts as represented at Figures 6. and 7. so that the abutment ring b. may be
readily placed upon tubes or pipes a. already fixed in position.
In the example given at Figure 10, the canvas bag c. is filled with cement and
afterwards placed around the joint and the loose abutment ring b. is slidden or
forced into position over or around the same, or a divided abutment ring b. such
as that represented at Figure 9. might be employed in this connection.
In the example given at Figures 11, and 12., the annular rings or flanges a¹ are
separate from the pipes or tubes a. and are formed in two parts flanged at a¹ and
fastened together by bolts in order to facilitate the application of the device to
existing tubes or pipes, but in other respects the arrangement of parts is similar to
that represented at Figures 6. and 7.
In the example given at Figure 13., which represents the application of the
invention to specially formed pipes or tubes, the abutment ring b. is formed upon
one length of tube or pipe a, so as to overlap the other and form a kind of socketed
end of the pipe or tube, but the diameter of the abutment ring or socket b. is such
as to leave a space between the parts into which the canvas bag or tube c. is
placed but in lieu of the end c¹ passing out through the opening formed in the
abutment ring b. as previously described the short tube or end c¹ is dispensed
with and the opening in the abutment ring is lined with a metal eyelet c² which.
at its lower part holds the canvas bag in position and facilitates the filling of the
game.
In the example given at Figure 14., which may represent an ordinary socket
joint, the packing tube or bag c. is formed into a flattened annular bag or ring of.
canvas or oiled canvas or other suitable flexible or waterproof material which is
filled with the cementing or other jointing material in a plastic state; the spigot
end of the pipe a. is then placed in position in the socket or abutment ring b..
with the packing ring c. between its outer surface and the interior surface of the
ring b.
The packing ring c. is then rammed hard between the parts and the cement or
other packing material allowed to set when an air and water-tight joint will be
formed.
.
In the example given at Figure 15., the parts are substantially the same as.
those represented at Figure 13, but in this case the canvas ring or bag c. is
provided with a filling tube c' as described with respect to some of the earlier-
figures, which projects from the end of the socket or abutment ring b. so that the
packing ring or bag c. may be filled with cement by the aid of any suitable
appliance after placing together the parts.
In the example given at Figure 16., the abutment ring or socket b. is formed
with an opening as previously described, and the interior of the socket or
abutment ring b. is provided with an annular groove b³ communicating with the
opening, and the spigot end of the pipe a. is formed with a corresponding
projection a and in this case the bag or packing ring c. is filled in a similar-
manner to that described with respect to Figure 15., whilst the groove 63 is filled
with cement run in through the opening 6' that, and the projection a², assisting to
fix the packing ring or bag c. in position and at the same time form a tight joint.
between the parts.
In the example given at Figure 17., the parts of the device are substantially the
same as those described with respect to Figure 16, except that in this case the
annular projecting rib a' upon the spigot end of the pipe is dispensed with, and.
the annular groove only is retained.
In the example given at Figure 18., the abutment ring b. is formed partly upon
one section or length of pipe or tube a. and partly upon the other section so that
these parts combined form a complete abutment ring to enclose the tubular bag or
packing ring c., which is filled through the opening as previously described.
By the means hereinbefore described, the necessity for the expensive systems.

page_text: herein before referred to for forming air and liquid-tight joints is avoided and an
equally sound joint is obtained at a much lower expenditure of time and money.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a pipe joint, the combination of a ring, bag or tube of canvas or other
fabric filled with cementing material closing the joint and means for holding the
ring, bag or tube up to its work, substantially as herein shown and described.
2. In a pipe joint, the combination of a bag or tube of canvas or other fabric
arranged around the meeting ends of two lengths of pipe, an internally grooved or
recessed abutment ring surrounding the bag or tube and provided with an aperture
through which the end or ends of the bag pass and means for closing such aperture
after the filling of the bag or tube and a filling of cementing material forced into
the bag or tube, substantially as herein shown and described.
3. In a pipe joint, the combination of a bag or tube of canvas or other fabric
filled with cementing material and arranged around the meeting ends of two
lengths of pipe and a loose abutment ring surrounding the bag or tube and holding
it up to its work, substantially as herein shown and described.
4. In a pipe joint, the combination of a bag or tube of canvas or other fabric
filled with cementing material and arranged around the meeting ends of two
lengths of pipe, annular rings or flanges formed or fixed upon the pipes to prevent
the shifting of the bag or tube and a divided or other loose abutment ring
encircling the bag and holding it up to its work, substantially as herein shown and
described.
5. In a pipe joint, the combination of a socket upon one length of tube, a plain
or spigot end to the other length, a bag or tube of canvas or other fabric filled
with cementing material and arranged around the spigot end within the socket, an
aperture in the socket, an annular groove around the interior of the socket com-
municating with the aperture, if desired, a corresponding annular projection upon
the exterior of the spigot and a filling of cement run into the groove through the
aperture, substantially as herein shown and described.
6. In a pipe joint, the combination of a bag or tube of canvas or other fabric
filled with cementing material and arranged around the meeting ends of two
lengths of pipe and an abutment ring formed partly on each length encircling the
bag and holding it up to its work, substantially as herein shown and described.
Dated this 13th day of May 1896.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicant..