Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Bicycles, Tricycles, and other Vehicles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 2nd June, 1894-Accepted, 7th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Bicycles,
Tricycles, and other Vehicles.
FRANK CECIL ARMSTRONG 22 St. John's Buildings Kensal Green in the County
of Middlesex Mechanic do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
My invention relates to an improved mode of using wire in the attaching of tyres
to the rims.
I use a rim, inner air tube, & outer jacket as described in Welch's Patent 14563,
1890.
The wire however which I use is an endless one forming two coils on each side
of the outer cover or jacket one half of the second coil on each side being
uncovered, by this means I reduce the play of the tyre upon the rim and the tyre
can be detached without injury and more readily.
Dated this 5th day of October-1893.
FRANK CECIL ARMSTRONG.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatio Tyres for Bicycles,
Tricycles, and other Vehicles.
I, FRANK CECIL ARMSTRONG, of 22 St. John's Buildings, Kilburn Lane,
Kensal Green, London do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved mode of using wire in the attaching of
tyres to the rims of bicycle, tricycle and other vehicle wheels, and will be best
understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a cross section of a complete tyre and rim.
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Figure 2 is an elevation of a rim and tyre showing the latter and the wire
removed and
Figure 3 is a similar view to Figure 2 but shows the cover and the wires, the
latter being almost in position upon the rim or just ready for removal, and a
portion of the cover at D being removed so as to exhibit the interior.
Like letters represent like parts throughout the drawings.
In carrying this invention into effect I use a rim, inner or air tube, and outer
jacket of well known construction, say for example such as are described in Welch's
Patent No. 14563 of 1890, and now in general use. The wire which I use is an
endless one forming two circles or coils on each side of the outer cover or jacket
one half or thereabouts of the second coil being left uncovered.
Referring to the drawings, A represents a channelled rim and B the cover which
may be of the usual canvas and rubber construction. In Figure 3 this cover is
shown in full with the wires in position in the edges, but in Figure 2 the cover for
the sake of clearness is merely indicated in dotted lines, one of the double wire
hoops being shown in full upon the near or left-hand side of the drawing. The
double wire hoop or coil C is inserted into a pipe B' at the edge of the cover Ba
portion C of the wire being left exposed as shown in Figure 3. The ends of the

page_text: wire are permanently joined together as at C' and the portion C¹ which is not
enclosed in the pipe Bi passes outside by two openings B' in the pipe the other coil
of the wire passing round inside the pipe while the exposed portion C¹ passes
round outside the pipe. The working of this arrangement is as follows:-
The object of having the two coils is to enable one of the coils to be enlarged
by reducing the other so as to pass over the edge or flange of the rim ; after one
coil has been passed over that coil can be reduced in diameter and the second coil
enlarged by reducing the first and is then passed over the flange. When both coils
are over the one is reduced and the other enlarged till they are both of the same
size and are then both too small to pass over the flange of the rim and consequently
the edge of the cover in which they are placed cannot be removed from the rim.
To effect this, suppose that as in Figure 3 the first edge of the cover has been
placed upon the rim and the second is about to be placed upon the rim the first
coil C has been enlarged by reducing the second coil C by forcing the latter into
the pipe B in consequence of which the first coil C can be readily passed over the
flange A¹ of the rim A; to do this one portion of the circle is placed over the
flange and pushed down to the smallest diameter A of the rim so that a very little
enlargement is sufficient to enable the remaining portion to be pushed over the
flange as shown at C in Figure 3. After this has been effected the coil C will be
reduced in diameter and the coil C₁ increased in diameter by drawing the wire C¹
out of the pipe B when the coil C will be drawn into the rim and the coil C¹ can
easily be slipped over the flange after which by pushing it back sufficiently into the
pipe B the coil C¹ is reduced in diameter and the coil C increased until both are
the same size and neither can be drawn over the flange of the rim. To remove
the cover and obtain access to the air tube this process is reversed, the coil C¹
being first enlarged and slipped over the flange of the wheel then reduced in
diameter so as to enlarge the coil C and the latter also slipped over the flange.
The cover then takes the position indicated in dotted lines in Figure 2 and the air
tube is accessible for removal or repair. It will be particularly noted that with this
arrangement it is not necessary for the ends of the wire where joined-preferably as
at C in the coil C₁-ever to be separated; on the contrary, it is quite unnecessary
and distinctly undesirable to separate them and I therefore make a permanent
joint preferably by brazing at C.
By the term "wire" in this Specification and Claims I mean a flexible non-
stretchable material such as a wire, wire cable, cord or the like.
I am aware that prior to the date of my application for Patent it had been
proposed to secure the cover of a pneumatic tyre to the rim by means of a wire of
several coils, but in this prior arrangement both edges of the cover were secured
by the same wire which formed altogether three coils or circles, two of these being
enclosed one in each edge of the cover and the other circle extending partly around
each edge of the rim and partly across it from side to side; further, the ends of
the wire were not connected but attached in holes in the rim or in the alternative
to the wire itself. It will therefore be understood that I make no claim to any
arrangement in which both edges of the cover are secured by the same wire, nor
to a wire connecting both edges of the cover and extending across the rim.
· Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
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1. A fastening device for a pneumatic tyre consisting of a double coil of wire
with the ends joined the whole of one coil and a portion of the other being carried 5
in the edge of the cover substantially as described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
2. In a fastening device for a pneumatic tyre the combination with the cover
having one pipe in each edge of two independent double coils of wire one circle and
a portion of the other circle of each double coil being enclosed in each edge of the 5
cover substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 3. Attaching to or releasing from the rim the cover of a pneumatic tyre by
employing a double coil of wire one circle of which can be enlarged by reducing
the other substantially as described.
4. Detaching the cover of a pneumatic tyre from a wheel rim by first enlarging.
one circle of a double coil of wire then slipping it over the flange or rim of the
wheel then enlarging the second coil by reducing the first and slipping the second
coil over the rim substantially as described.
5. The complete fastening device for a pneumatic tyre substantially as described.
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated thie let dor of June 1994
FRANK CECIL
ARMSTRONG.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant..