IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR SAWING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustus Bryant Childs, of 481, New Oxford Street,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CIRCULAR SAWING MACHINES."-A communication from abroad by David
Monro Childs, of Rochester, New York, United States of America.
led the 8th September 1864, and dated the 21st March 186
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Augustus Bryant Childs at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Decla-
ration, on the 21st March 1864, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTUS
BRYANT CHILDS, of 481, New Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CIRCULAR SAWING MACHINES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto
me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and have made solemn declaration that the same is a communication
to me from abroad by David Monro Childs, of Rochester, New York,
United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Augustus Bryant Childs, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement and accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say:-

page_text: The object of my improvement is more particularly to construct circular
sawing machines for sawing wood and other materials, capable of being worked
by manual in the absence of other power. In so doing, the whole machine is
constructed and worked so as to give the least possible friction, that the power
applied shall be effective as possible.
In using the ordinary constructed circular saw the wood is placed in front
of it, so that the teeth will strike on the top of the wood when fed to the
saw.
My improvement is, constructing, arranging, and working the saw and its
machinery in such manner that the material sawed is placed to the back of
the saw; by so doing, the teeth is made to cut upward in place of down,
which if not prevented would lift the material from the saw table. This is
done by placing a shaft across the top of the table at the back of the saw,
which shaft serves the double purpose of holding the wood down on the table
or against a friction roller suspended across the table bed, and feeds the work
to the saw at the same time; the feed motion is made self-acting. This
method of placing the material to the back of the saw, as described, has the
advantage of preventing it from being forced down on the table by the action
of the saw, which would cause considerable friction, and consequently require
additional power to work the machine. This would be very objectionable in a
machine to be worked by manual power, properly described; the material
being sawed is suspended between the upward action of the saw teeth and
downward pressure and action of the feed motion, with sufficient extra pressure
in the feed motion to keep the material pressed to the saw table and friction
roller. The feed and holding down shaft is worked by a system of pullies,
cord, and chain belt. The pullies are constructed in cones for increasing and
diminishing the feed motion to suit the work. The feed shaft is combined
with a frame capable of being raised or lowered to suit the thickness of the
material sawed. The saw is placed on the same shaft to which the power is
applied. The spindle or saw shaft is furnished with a fly wheel for giving
regularity of motion to the saw.
Sawing machines with these improvements may be constructed to be
worked by steam or other power; in such cases they will be furnished with
intermediate gear for increasing the motion of the saw, and also pullies for
receiving the power to work the machine.
For a full understanding of the structure of the improvements reference is
here made to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters of reference
marked thereon. Similar letters refer to the same parts of the machine.
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of the machine; Fig. 2 is a plan or top

page_text: view of it; Fig. 3 is an end elevation of it; and Fig. 4 is a sectional view of
parts of the machine, shewing the action or motion of the saw feed and
friction roller when in motion.
A, A, represents the main frame of the machine constructed of wood for
economy, and held together at its joints by screw bolts to facilitate taking it
apart and re-erecting.. If. desired the frame can be made of iron; (B) is a
circular saw, and the spindle on which it is mounted revolves in suitable
bearings let into the top of the frame under the table board, as represented in
Fig. 2 by dotted lines; the spindle is also furnished with a fly wheel (C) to
serve as. a crank and produce regularity of motion to the saw; (D).is a
grooved conical pulley attached to the saw spindle, from which motion is
obtained for working the feed gear (G). through the cone pulley (E), chain
wheels (F), and cord and chain belt (S); one of the chain wheels (F) is
united to the cone pulley (E) and the other to the end of the feed shaft (G),
as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. H, H, are iron quadrant frame pieces, one
attached to each side of the machine, and joined or framed together by the tie
piece (R). The duty of this frame is to carry the feed shaft (G). The
frame or quadrant pieces are made to raise or lower to suit the dimensions of
the material sawed; the frame is held to any point within the range of its
motion by means of screw bolts (Q, Q,) passing through the framing (P, P,)
and slots (a) in the quadrants. The frame or quadrants (H, H,) have a
vibratory motion, the centre of which motion is in line with the centre of the
saw spindle. The feed shaft (G) can likewise be shifted up and down where
it is attached to the fronts of quadrants (H, H,) by means of screw bolts
passing through the slots (T, T). This is done in order to give the feed shaft
a greater range of motion than it would otherwise have by only moving the
quadrant frame. The cone pulley (E) and chain wheels (F, F,) are so united
to the quadrant piece (H) next to the fly wheel, that when the feed shaft is
raised or lowered it does not alter the relative distances between the centres
of the saw spindle, pulley, and chain wheels. The feed shaft is provided with
teeth opposite the edge of the saw for penetrating and feeding the material to
the saw. (M) is a slide for guiding and guaging the thickness of the work
sawed, and is made moveable to and from the side of the saw, and held at any
desired point by means of screw bolts passing up through the slots (N) and
slide (M), as shown in Fig. 2.) (J) is a friction roller projecting slightly
above the top of table, and suspended on springs (K, K,) under the table
board. These springs are forced down and held in a resisting state by the
pins (i, i,) for the purpose of giving the friction roller a strong upward
resistance. This is done to prevent the feed shaft (G) from forcing the

page_text: material sawed down on the table surface; in the meantime, should the
material sawed be unequally thick, the springs are not so strong but what they
would permit the friction roller to yield sufficient to prevent damage to the
feeding apparatus.
In Fig. 4 the direction of the motion of the saw, feed shaft, friction roller,
and material sawed is indicated by dots marked thereon. This view shews, as
before stated, that the saw is made to cut upwards in place of downwards.
What I claim as part of my improvement is working the saw, as before
described, to cut upward in place of downward, and arranging the feed motion
or shaft (G) with the saw, all for purposes mentioned in the foregoing
Specifications.
I also claim the arrangements of the parts combined with the feed motion
for elevating and lowering the feed shaft (G), and imparting motion thereto;
as represented in the accompanying Drawings and specified in the foregoing
Specifications.
I further claim the friction roller (J) mounted on springs for purposes
mentioned in the foregoing Specifications.
In witness whereof, I, the said Augustus Bryant Childs, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
A. B. CHILDS. (L.B.)