Improvements in Mitreing Machines.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 11th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 26th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mitreing Machines.
:-
I, THOMAS SMITH of 16 Commercial Road, Southampton, in the County of Hants,
Carver and Gilder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This machine is designed for cutting the mitres or joints of picture framing and
other rods or pieces chiefly wood where they have to be brought together generally
at a right or other angle. Various machines have hitherto been devised for this
purpose but I find that excepting in the case of the ordinary hand plane which is of
course very slow in operation, the mouldings are very liable to be destroyed or spoilt.
In my machine I provide a disc or face plate which may be revolved or oscillated by
hand, foot or other power and which carries one or more cutting blades which may
either be fixed in position or arranged so that their distance from the centre of the
face plate may be varied for cutting extra widths. The angle and set of the blade or
blades may be varied as is commonly done with an ordinary plane bit; I prefer
however to arrange two levers in the face plate or the frame which carries the blade
one of which levers by a suitable pin engaging with a slot in the blade turns it so as
to present the edge fair with the face of the disc and the other preferably by means
of a cam slot or pin moves the blade up or down so as to give it the correct amount
of cut. The blade can be fixed by a screw in the ordinary manner. This disc
revolves against the face of a vertical back plate which can rest upon an ordinary
bench or be permanently fixed thereto or may be a part of a separate standard. In
the back plate are one, two or more openings according to circumstances through
which can be passed the mouldings or other articles to be cut and against the back of
this plate can be secured where noeded horizontal ledges or plates upon which work
and to which can be secured pivotted guides adapted to swing in a horizontal plane.
These guides can be fixed in any convenient manner as by set screws at any suitable
angle so as to cut the end of the moulding at any angle that may be required.
Suitable supports may also preferably be provided upon which the moulding to be cut
may rest; this is desirable in the case of long mouldings as they are apt to spring
with the result that the face produced may not be perfectly flat.
The variation in the position of the blades upon the face plate may be effected by
hand and the blades fixed with a screw; or a cam groove may be formed in the back
plate into which takes a roller or pin connected with the carriage which holds the tool
so that the cutting tool moves to or from the centre as the disc revolves.
Dated this 13th day of November 1888.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mitreing Machines.
I, THOMAS SMITH of 16 Commercial Road, Southampton in the county of Hants,
Carver and Gilder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This machine is designed for cutting the mitres or joints of picture framing and
other rods or pieces chiefly wood where they have to be brought together generally
at a right or other angle. Various machines have hitherto been devised for this
purpose but I find that excepting in the case of the ordinary hand plane which is of
course very slow in operation, the mouldings are very liable to he destroyed or spoilt.

page_text: In my machine I provide a disc or face plate which may be revolved or oscillated by
hand, foot or other power and which carries one or more cutting blades which may
either be fixed in position or arranged so that their distance from the centre of the
face plate may be varied for cutting extra widths. The angle and set of the blade or
blades may be varied as is commonly done with an ordinary plane bit; I prefer how-
ever to arrange two levers in the face plate or the frame which carries the blade one
of which levers by a suitable pin engaging with a slot in the blade turns it so as to
present the edge fair. with the face of the disc and the other preferably by means of
a cam slot or pin moves the blade up or down so as to give it the correct amount of
cut. The blade can be fixed by a screw in the ordinary manner. This disc revolves 1
against the face of a vertical back plate which can rest upon an ordinary bench or be
permanently fixed thereto or may be a part of a separate standard. In the back plate
are one, two or more openings according to circumstances through which can be
passed the mouldings or other articles to be cut and against the back of this plate can
be secured where needed horizontal ledges or plates upon which work and to which
can be secured pivotted guides adapted to swing in a horizontal plane. These guides
can be fixed in any convenient manner as by set screws at any suitable angle so ns to
cut the end of the moulding at any angle that may be required. Suitable supports
may also preferably be provided upon which the moulding to be cut may rest; this is
desirable in the case of long mouldings as they are apt to spring with the result that
the face produced may not be perfectly flat.
The variation in the position of the blades upon the face plate may be effected by
hand and the blades fixed with a screw; or a cam groove may be formed in the back
plate into which takes a roller or pin connected with the carriage which holds the tool
so that the cutting tool moves to or from the centre as the disc revolves.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is an end elevation and Fig. 2 is a plan partly broken away of a mitreing
machine constructed according to this invention, Fig. 3 is an elevation of the vertical
back plate showing the cam groove therein; Fig. 4 is a detached view of the tool
carriage and bar and fig. 5 is a section through the same ou the line ab of fig. 4
showing also a portion of the revolving face and stationary back plates.
Like letters indicate like parts through the drawings.
A is the disc or face plate which is capable of being rotated or oscillated on the
stud A¹ by means of the handle A' or a foot lever or the equivalent thereof or if
desired by steam or other power. The stud A' is rigidly secured in the vertical back
plate B which forms part of or is fixed to the platform C or if desired the said back
plate B may be fixed directly to a work bench by means of suitable feet O' or in
other convenient manner. D is the cutting blade which is adjustably secured in a
carriage E which is preferably formed in part with the guide bar E' capable of being
moved longitudinally in a dove-tailed groove A³ formed in the face plate A. B¹ is
the cam groove formed in the back plate B and E2 is an anti-friction roller mounted
on the end of the pin Es which may be adjusted in the block E so that the said roller
may be engaged with or disengaged from the cam groove B', E being a clamping
screw for retaining the pin E and roller E2 in either of these two positions. The
cam groove B¹ instead of being of elliptic form as shown in the accompanying
drawings may be of other form which will impart to the plane from a suitable
sliding motion.
B³ are the openings in the back plate B through which can be passed the mouldings
or other articles to be cut and B is one ledge or plate the platform C constituting
another ledge or plate upon which work the pivotted guides B which are hinged to
the vertical back plate B so that they can be swung in a horizontal plane over the
said ledges. To the under edge of each of these guides B is secured a screwed
stud B which projects through a segmental slot F in the plate B³ or C beneath
which it is provided with a milled or equivalent nut B" as represented in dotted lines
in Fig. 2. The provision of these studs B³ nuts Be and slots F admits of the
guides B being adjusted to and secured in any desired position relatively to the
back plate B.so as to modify according to requirements the angle at which the ends

page_text: of the mouldings are to be cut. B' are facing plates or strips secured one on each
guide B by a screwed stud and winged nut B the former of which passes through
a slot formed in each of the guides B and by means of which stud and nut the
strip B can be adjusted so that its end bears against the face plate A for the
purpose of supporting the extreme angle or end of the moulding being cut against
the action of the tool to prevent the said moulding being split or chipped.
The beforementioned tool carriage E as shown more particularly in figures 4 and 5
is recessed so as to receive a frame e which is pivotted at e to such carriage. In this
frame is mounted a milled-headed screw which can be rotated but not moved longi-
tudinally in such frame. On this screw e is threaded a block which is prevented
from rotating but can be moved longitudinally on the said screw from end to end of
the frame e. This block e carries a pin or stude which is adapted to engage with
any of the holes d of the plane iron D the three holes d being furnished to provide
for different positions due to the wearing away of the said plane iron. is a fulcrum
bar securely fixed in the tool-carriage E and e is a lever plate provided with a milled
headed screw e and at its underside with a spring eª all these parts eª eª e³ and eª
being similar to the corresponding parts as ordinarily constructed.
When it is desired to adjust the plane iron D in position it is placed in the carriage
so that one of the holes d passes over the stud e and the lever plate e is slipped
between the said blade and the fulcrum bar e into the position shown most clearly in
Figure 5. The screw e³ is then rotated until the cutting edge of the tool D projects
to the required extent beyond the face of the disc A and then the said tool is adjusted
so that its cutting edge will not project beyond the face of the disc more at one than
another part which is effected by moving the frame e on its pivot e¹ this by means of
the stud canting the tool D to the left or right until the desired result is attained.
The screw e is then tightened down upon the tool D which is thus securely held
between the cheeks e of the carriage E on one side and the point of the screw and
toe e¹ of the lever plate e on the other side.
The end of the moulding or other material to be cut in the before described machine
is placed upon the ledge or platform B or C (according to the direction of the angle
to be cut) and pushed towards the disc A which is rapidly rotated or oscillated by
hand, steam or other power.
The tool D will thus repeatedly shave off the end until the whole joint face of the
moulding is truely cut.
If large or heavy mouldings are being worked up it is desirable to impart a sliding
motion to the tool to prevent the chipping off of the very brittle composition or orna-
mental surface which has hitherto proved a difficulty against which frame makers
have had to contend. It is for this purpose that the tool D is mounted in the
carriage E which when rotated while the roller E is engaged with the cam groove B¹
is caused to move in and out from the centre of the disc A and thus cause a sliding
cut to be given to the end of the moulding. Smaller or lighter mouldings may be
similarly operated on by the sliding cut, or the tool D may be used as a fixture in the
disc A by releasing the screw E and withdrawing the roller E by means of the
pin E from the cam groove B¹ and then tightening the screw G down upon
the guide bar E¹.
Instead of the means hereinbefore described for adjusting and securing the plane
iron in the carriage E other means may be employed.
If desired two pieces of moulding may simultaneously be operated upon so that at
one operation the abutting faces at one angle of a picture frame may be prepared
and the mouldings for this purpose being introduced one into the upper and the other
into the lower opening B².
In some machines more than two openings B' and more than one plane iron may
be provided.
The lodges or platforms B and C may be marked with scales to indicate the
positions to which the guides B are to be moved in order to cut the ends of the
mouldings to certain angles and the said ledges may also be pivotted so that they may
be swung in a vertical plane and thus admit of the joint face being cut at an angle to

page_text: the face of the moulding and when used in conjunction with the guides B* to admit
of the cutting of the joint face at an angle both to the face and edge of the
moulding.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a mitreing machine the combination with a revolving or oscillating disc or
face plate of a tool carriage fitted in or upon and capable of being moved nearer to
or farther from the centre of said face plate substantially as herein described.
2. In a mitreing machine a frame such as e pivotted to a tool carriage such as E
a screw such as e² on which is threaded a block such as e carrying a pin or projection
such as e which is adapted to engage with holes or recesses in the plane iron sub-
stantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. In a mitreing machine the combination with a back plate such as B having two
or more openings such as B² of two or more shelves or platforms and two or more
adjustable guides such as B for enabling the angle at which the cut is to be made
to be varied substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
4. In a mitreing machine the combination with a face plate carrying a tool
carriage capable of being moved nearer to and farther from the centre of the said
face plate of a back plate such as B containing a cam groove for effecting such
movement automatically substantially as herein described.
5. In a mitreing machine the combination with a tool carriage capable of being
moved nearer to and farther from the centre of the revolving or oscillating disc in
which it is carried of a cam groove and a projection capable of being engaged with
or disengaged from the said cam groove substantially as and for the purpose herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. The construction and arrangement of the complete mitreing machines sub-
stantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 9th day of September 1889.
THOMAS SMITH.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.