CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINERY, ALREADY KNOWN, FOR MAKING BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
SMITH the younger, and FRANCIS SMITH, both of Radford, in the County of
Nottingham, Mechanics, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighth day of November, in the seventh year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said James
Smith and Francis Smith, His especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said James Smith and Francis Smith, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Smith and
Francis Smith, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also
in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINERY, ALREADY KNOWN, FOR MAKING
BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso, that we, the said James Smith and Francis Smith, or one of us, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
James Smith and Francis Smith, do hereby declare the nature of our
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and lotters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
Our Invention relates, first, to that description of bobbin net or twist lace
machinery known as double-tier circular comb or circular bolt machinery, and
wherein the carriages are actuated by means of driving bars placed above the
combs or bolts, and by locker blades which are below the combs or bolts; and
we prefer our improvements to be applied to such machines as are worked by
the rotatory motion of a shaft, as is well understood and very generally practised.
And our first improvements consist of a mode of actuating the carriages by
means of four locker blades, each having independent movement about its
axis; two of such independant locker blades actuating the carriages in the
front combs or bolts, and two of such independent locker blades actuating the
carriages in the back combs or bolts. And our Invention relates, secondly, to
a. mode of actuating the carriages of single-tier machinery, that is, that
ilescription of machines wherein the carriages are capable of being received
into the front and back combs in one row side by side, by means of two locker
blades, one locker blade actuating the carriages in the front combs or bolts, and
one locker blade actuating the carriages in the back combs or bolts, and in
such manner that the carriages (which have a double set of nebs, or the
carriages may have single nebs at each side, the blades or lockers having cach
a forked upper surface to take against oach side of a single neb) arc at all
times held by one or other of the two locker blades, such locker blades at all
times performing or acting through the same are, and they successively enter
between and leave the nebs of the carriages simply by moving with their axes
as centres. of motion, and without being raised into or out of the nebs of the
carriages, as heretofore practised in respect to catch bars.
that these our second improvements should be applied to a machine worked
by the rotatory motion of an axis."
"
And we prefer.
And in order that our Invention may be most fully described and readily.
understood,. we will proceed to describe tlie Drawings hereunto annexed,
which represents so much of ordinary bobbin net or twist lace machinery as
will enable a workman readily to understand the nature of our Invention,
and the mode of applying our improvements to such machinery, as they are
respectively applicable.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS MARKED A.
Figure 1 represents the section of an ordinary double-tier circular comb
or bolt machinery, and of that kind, which is worked by the aid of a
winch handle turned with a rotatory motion by the workman, and known
as Morley's rotatory machines, by which Figure the position and mode
of applying the first part of our Invention will readily be traced. Figures
2, 3, 4, and 5 shew various parts full size, by which the action of the
improvements will be more readily understood. Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9
shews parts of transverse sections of the machine, by which the means of
obtaining the requisite movements to the various locker blades may be
examined separately. In each of these Figures the same letters indicate
similar parts; and we would remark, that as the nature and action of this
description of machinery is well understood, it will not be necessary for us to
enter into a particular explanation of the various movements of the old parts
of the machine, but confine ourselves to the nature and action of the parts
applied thereto for the purpose of working such machinery according to our
improvements. A and B being the two locker, blades which actuate the
carriages in the front combs or bolts; C and D being the locker blades which
actuate the carriages in the back combs or bolts; the locker blades B and C
being affixed to the locker bars E and F, they move therewith. The locker
blade A is carried by the bar E as an axis, but moves freely thereon, and is
capable of independent movement, there being cylindrical surfaces turned on
the bar E at intervals, which form bearings or axes for straps affixed on the
blade and bar A, which straps are bent around such cylindrical surfaces and
embrace the bar E. The locker blade D is in like manner carried by the bar
F, but has independent movement thereto. The object of thus giving
independent movement to each of the locker blades will be better understood
when their modes of action in working the carriages is fully explained. Figure
6 represents so much of a transverse section of the machine as will serve to
explain the action of the locker blades B and C; this Figure 6 being drawn to
the same scale as Figure 1. G is a lever moving on a fulcrum at the back of
the machine, there being a truck or roller moving on an axis affixed to the
lever G, such truck or roller being at all times borne against the cam H,
affixed on the main shaft, the lever, G will therefore be caused to rise and fall
by the rotation of the cam H, and by means of the connecting rod I, which at
one end is attached by a pin joint to the lever G, and at the other end by a
pin joint to a crank bar arm of the bar Ẹ, motion is communicated to the
locker blade B, by which it is caused to actuate the carriages in the proper

page_text: o der. J is a lever which moves on a fulcrum at the front of the machine
it has a truck or roller moving on an axis, which is constantly borne against the
cam K, which is affixed on the main shaft or axis of the machine; L is a con-
necting rod attached at one end by a pin joint to the lever J, and at the other
end by a pin joint to a crank bar arm of the bar F, and thus is suitable
motion communicated to the locker blade C by the rotation of the main shaft
or axis of the machine. Figure 7 shews so much of a transverse section of the
machine as will enable us to point out the action of the locker blades A and D
which, as before described, move on the bars E and F but independently,
of those bars. M is a lever moving on a fulcrum at the back of the machine;
this lever has a truck or roller moving on an axis, such truck being worked by
the cam N; and O is a connecting rod, by which movement from the cam N
is communicated to the locker blade A, such connecting rod being attached
by a pin joint at one end to the lever M, and at the other end to a
crank bar arm affixed to the bar of the locker blade A, as is clearly shown in
the Drawing. P is a lever which moves on a fulcrum at the front of the
machine, there being a truck or roller on an axis affixed to the lever P, such
truck or roller being actuated by the cam Q, affixed on the main shaft or axis;
and the requisite motion to the locker blade D is obtained by the connecting
rod R, attached at one end by a pin joint to the lever P, and at the other end
by a pin joint to a crank bar arm affixed to the bar of the locker blade D, as
is clearly shewn.
Having thus explained the nature of the locker blades A, B, C, and D, and
the means of obtaining motion thereto, we will describe their action in such
manner as to obtain a sheet of plain bobbin net or twist lace from end to end
of the machine, and in doing so we particularly call attention to the Figures
2, 3, 4, and 5, where the parts are shewn full size, and we will suppose that
the machine has been at work, and is stopped in such a position that the two
rows of carriages are in the back combs (as is shewn in Figures 1 and 2), at
which time the lockers will also be in the position shown in the locker blade C,
having locked the whole of the carriages in the back combs. On motion
being communicated by the winch handle, the locker blade C turns inwards
towards the warp threads, and permits the back driving bar to drive forward
the carriages, the front row through the warp threads; and when the front
nets of the back row of carriages have passed over the locker blade D, that
blade D turns inwards towards the warp threads, in order to intercept the
back row of carriages by the inside of the back nebs of the back row of
carriages coming against the locker blade D; and as the front row of carriages
comes through the warp threads the locker blade A turns outwards from tho

page_text: warp threads, and comes against the inside of the front nebs of the front row
of carriages and carries the front row of carriages into the front combs,
when the two rows of carriages will be locked in the front and back
combs, the front row of carriages being locked in the front combs by the
locker blade A, and the back row of carriages is locked in the back row
of combs by the locker blade D, as is shewn in Figure 3. By con-
tinuing the motion of the winch handles, the locker blade D turns in
towards the warp threads, thereby permitting the back driving bar to drive
forward the back row of carriages into the front combs; and so soon as
the front nebs of the back row of carriages come through the warp threads,
the locker blade B turns outwards from the warp threads, and comes against
the inside of the front nebs of the back row of carriages, carries them
forward, and locks the two rows of carriages in the front combs, the locker
blado A moving a short distance outwards to permit of the back row of
carriages coming sufficiently into the front row of combs, and the various parts
will be in the position shewn at Figure 4. The workman continuing the motion
of the winch handle, will cause the locker blade B to turn inwards towards tho
warp threads, and the front driving bar will drive back the carriages, the back
row into the back combs; at the same time the locker blade A will turn a short
distance inwards towards the warp threads, in order to intercept the front row
of carriages by the inside of their front nebs coming against the locker blade
A; so soon as the back nebs of the back row of carriages pass through the
warp threads, the locker blade D moves outwards, acting against the inside
of the back nebs of the back row of carriages, and locks them in the back
combs, which will bring the various parts of the position shewn at Figure 5,
that is to say, the front row of carriages will be locked in the front combs by
the locker blade A, and the back row of carriages will be locked in the back
combs by the locker blade D. The workman continuing motion by the winch
handle to the machine, will cause the locker blade A to turn inwards towards
the warp threads, and permit the front driving bar to drive back the front row
of carringes between the warp threads, and the locker blade C will torn
outwards, and take against the inside of the back nebs of the front row of
carriages, and lock the whole of the carriages in the back combs, the locker
blade D turning outwards a short distance to allow of the back row of
5 carriages going sufficiently far into the back combs for that purpose, which
will bring the various parts again into the position shewn at Figures 1 and 2.
It will therefore be seen that each row of carriages, when in the front combs,
have their separate locker blades, and such is the case with respect to the
carriages when they are in the back combs. Thus far we have treated of a

page_text: machine having our first improvements applied as capable of working to
produce a broad sheet of plain bobbin net from end to end of the machine
but it is desirable that a machine having our improvements applied thereto
should also be capable of producing what are called "breadths "laced together
by suitable lacing threads, as is well understood; we have, therefore, in the
Drawings shewn apparatus applied in conjunction with our improvements that
the machine, when worked, will produce a broad sheet of bobbin net or
twist lace made up of a series of breadths laced together. Figure 8 shews so
much of a transverse section of the machine as will enable us to point out the
action of the instruments which select the carriages opposite those places
where the broad sheet of lace is to be divided into "breadths," by causing the
.carriages to perform "turn-again," as is well understood in working various
arrangements of double-tier machinery, and which need not, therefore, be
particularly described in this our Specification, further than to explain how
such movements of the carriages may be obtained in conjunction with our
, improvements. S is a lever moving on a fulcrum at the front of the machine,
there being a tooth or projecting stud affixed to the lever S, which is constantly
borne against the cam T, which is affixed on the point bar axis, and motion is
communicated from the cam T to the front pricker bar U by means of the
connecting rod V, which is attached at one end by a pin joint to the lever S,
and at the other end by a pin joint to a crank bar arm affixed to the front
picker bar U, thero being a picker of a suitable width for taking against one
carriage in the front combs at each place where the bobbin net or twist lace is
divided into breadths. W is a lover moving on a fulcrum at the back of the
machine, it having a tooth or projecting surface, which is constantly borne
against the can X, affixed on the point bar axis, and motion is communicated
to the back picker bar Y from the cam X by means of the connecting rod Z,
which is attached at one end by means of a pin joint to the lever W, and at
the other end by means of a pin joint to a crank bar arm affixed to the back
picker bar Y. Figures 1, 2, and 8 represent the parts in the position they
are in when the carriages opposite where breadths are to be made are required
to be held back in the back combs, and to be missed by the back driving bar,
there being suitable openings cut in the back driving bar, which when
uncovered, as is well understood, leave spaces to receive the back carriages
(which are the whipping or lacing carriages), consequently in the first part of
the movement or swing of the back driving bar those carriages which are in
the back combs are not actuated. Note. The picker bars have necks
or pivots formed at their ends, and move in suitable bearings at the end of the
machine. And also note, that the parts marked d are narrow plates affixed to

page_text: he locker bar D to act as stops to the carriages remaining in the ack combs,
s shewn at Figure 4.
It will be seen in Figures 1 and 8, that the projection
rise of the cam X
s acting against the tooth or projection of the lever W, and has in some
legree depressed that lever, hence, in Figures. 1 and 2, the back pickers have
moved up, and have selected the carriages in the back combs which are
opposite those places where breadths are to be made, and connected together
by lacing threads, and the continued revolution of the cam X will still further
lepress the lever W, and consequently cause the picker bar Y to move round
further in its bearings, by which the back pickers will drive the carriages
which aro opposite them further into the back combs, to be out of the way of
the working of the locker blades. The front pickers come into action at the
The working of the
time the carriages are in the position shewn at Figure 4.
locker blades A, B, C, and D, are the same as above described for making
plain net; and as the various cams are shewn, and their relative positions, in
separate views of the Drawings, and also the relative position of the carriages
and lockers in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, a workman, bearing in mind the move-
ments which are to take place to the carriages, will readily set up his machine,
and apply our improvements thereto; and wo would remark, that we are aware
that breadths of bobbin net have been made in what are called double-headed
bladed locker machines, one blade of each locker being capable of folding
near to the other, in order to be out of the way of the nebs of the turn-again
carriages, as is described in the Specification of a Patent granted to William
Crofts, of Radford, in the County of Nottingham, bearing date at Westminster,
the Eighteenth day of December, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-two,
but such double-bladed lockers so having the capability of folding one blade of
cach for the purpose therein set forth, yet in other respects the lockers acted
as double-bladed lockers; and we would have it understood that we lay no
claim to any of the parts separately of which our improvements are composed
or combined, nor do we claim any of the old combinations of double-tier
circular comb or bolt machine to which our improvements are shewn and
described to be applied, nor do we confine ourselves to the arrangement
tl ereof as shown, though we believe the arrangement to be the best for carry-
ing out our improvements.
We will now proceed to describe the second part of our Invention, which
relates to a mode of applying two single-bladed lockers to work single-tier
carriages, one such single-bladed locker drawing the carriages into and driving
them out of the front combs or bolts, and one such single-bladed locker to

page_text: work the carriages into and out of the back combs or bolts, and such locker
act in some degree like catch bars, the carriages being at all times retaine
either by one or other of the locker blades, but the locker blades are used by
us to take hold and leave the nebs of the carriages by merely performing in
the arc of a circle by moving or turning on their respective axes, but do no
require any lifting movement, as catch bars do, for lifting them into and out of
the nebs of the carriages. And our mode of applying single locker blades to
the working of single-tier carriages differs from the ordinary modes of apply
ing single locker blades in double-tier machinery, for in such cases the locker
blades are principally useful for locking the rows of carriages in the bolts or
combs, and the carriages are driven by front and back driving bars by the aid
of swing jacks, as is well understood; but according to our mode of applying
single-bladed lockers to single-tier machinery, the locker blades perform the
whole of the driving and locking motions required in the revolutions of the
carriages. In speaking of single-tier machinery, we mean such machines as
have the combs capable of receiving all the carriages in one row sido by side;
and although the Drawings for the most part represent a novel arrangement
of parts for a single-tier machine, yet the same in most respects is similar in
detached combinations to other descriptions of bobbin net or twist lace machi-
nery, and the same, as well as our improvements claimed under the second
head of our Invention, will readily be understood by an examination of the
Drawings marked B, and the following description thereof:-Figure 1 repre-
sents a transverse section of a machine having our improvements applied
thereto. a being the main shaft or axis, which receives motion from a winch
handle and suitable gearing. On to this main shaft are affixed the cams for
working the locker bars, and there is a bevel pinion at one end (the right-
hand end) of the machine, which takes into a bevel toothed wheel affixed to an
upright shaft which turns in suitable bearings at that end of the machine. On
the upright shaft are affixed the wheels for working the taking-up points, and
also the guide bar wheels, as will be hereafter described, the upright shaft
being driven round once for every six revolutions of the main shaft a. We
have not thought it necessary to shew such upright shaft in the Drawing, but
the same will readily be applied from the above description, and in order to
facilitate the workman we have given a cut of wheels for the working the guide
bars, and also have shewn in the section, Figure 1, the whole of the parts
relating to our improvements in their proper places; we have also given
Drawings full size of the cams for working the same, which, together with the
detached views, Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, will readily enable a workman to set up

page_text: a machine with our improvements applied thereto. On the main shaft or
axis a are affixed the cams b and c, the nature of which will readily be under-
stood on an examination of the Drawings. They work the front locker bladed
to-and-fro by the aid of crank bar arms e and f, which have respectively
trucks or rollers moving on axes affixed to such crank bar arms, the crank
bar arms being affixed to the front locker bar, as is clearly shewn; and the
front locker bar moves on bearings 9, the bearings g being affixed to an axis ki,
which is capable of movement when it is desired to take out the carriages,
there being suitable bearings along the front framing of the machine for the
shaft or axis h; but such axis or shaft h is held stationary when the machine is
at work by means of the lever i, which is affixed to the axis or shaft h, and is
held between a slide bolt ; and set screw k, as is shewn at Figure 1; hence,
when it is desired to remove the carriages, the lever i is lifted, which depresses
the front locker blade below the nebs of the carriages, so that when they are
brought into the front combs they may readily be removed, as they will not be
held by the front locker blade. On the main shaft or axis a are affixed tho
cams and m, which actuate the front locker blade n, by means of the crank
bar arms o, p, which are affixed to the back locker bar, as is clearly shewn at
Figure 2, at which Figure the action of the back locker blade may be traced
separately; and it will be seen that on axes affixed to the crank bar arms o, p,
there are trucks or rollers, which move on the surfaces of the cams land m,
by which the back locker blade is caused to move to-and-fro on its axis or bar,
which turns in suitable bearings at each end of the machine, and also at
suitable intervals in the length of the machine. The machine, as shewn, is
intended to make quillings of blond without traversing of the carriages, and
in such manner that the carriages work at all times in the same spaces of the
combs, as is well understood in making what are called straight down nets or
twist lace. q, q, are the main guide bars, and r is a guide bar for lacing
threads for lacing the breadths or quillings into one broad sheet as the
twist lace is produced, such guide bars being worked by their respective wheels,
there being springs applied for bearing up the guide bars to their wheels. The
machine at Figure 1 and Figure 3 is shewn in the position the parts would be
in when all the carriages are in the back combs, and the continued motion of the
winch handle by the workman will cause the carriages in one row to be brought
forward by the back locker to the position Figure 4, when by its continued
movement on its axis it will pass from between the notch formed between the
two back nebs of each carriage, the front locker blade by turning on its axis will
enter between the notches formed by the nebs at the front of the carriages as

page_text: .
the back locker leaves go of the carriages, and the continued motion outwards
of the front locker blade will draw the row of carriages into the front combs,
and lock them in during the racking of the guido bars; the front locker
blade will then drive back the carriages through the threads, when the back
locker will turn outwards and take between the notches at the back of the
carriages, and drive the carriages into the back combs, and lock them in
whilst the guide bars are racking, when the back locker blade will again drive
the carriages partly through the warp threads, in order to their being taken by
the front locker blade, and such is the continued action of the machine.
The machine is, as beforo stated, arranged with a cut of wheels for making
blond quillings, but our. Invention does not relate to the class of twist lace or
net that the machine is capable of making, but only to the mode of driving
and working the carriages of single-tier bobbin net or twist lace machinery;
-but in order to facilitate the workman as much as possible, we will describe
the working of a course. The section, Figure 1, is in the position the parts
would assume .on having racked No. 1; the front guides have racked two
spaces to the left hand, the back guides have gone one space to the left hand,
the lacing guides remain as they were; rack No. 2; the front guides go one
space to the right hand, and the back guides one to the right hand, the lacing
guides go two spaces to the right hand; rack No. 3; the front guides go one
space to the left hand, and the back guides go one space to the left band, the
lacing guides go three spaces to the left hand; rack No. 4; the front guides
go two spaces to the right hand, the back guides remain as they were, the
lacing guides go one space to the right hand; rack No. 5; the front guides
go one space to the left hand, the back guides go ono space to the left, the
lacing guides remain as they were; rack No. 6; the front guides go one space
to the right hand, the back guides go one space to the right hand, the lacing
guides go two spaces to the right hand; rack No. 7; the front guides remain
as they were, the back guides go two to the left hand, the lacing guides go
one space to the left hand; rack No. 8; the front guides go one space to the
right hand, the back guides go one space to the right hand, the lacing guides
remain as-they were; rack No. 9; the front guides go one space to the left
hand, the back guides go on space to the left hand, the lacing guides go two
spaces to the left hand; rack No. 10; the front guides go one space to the
right hand, the back guides go two spaces to the right hand, the lacing guides
go two spaces to the right hand; rack No. 11; the front guides, go έννο spaces
to the left hand, the back guides go one space to the left hand, the lacing
guides go one space to the left hand; rack No. 12; the front guides go one

page_text: space to the right hand, the back guides go two spaces to the right hand, the
lacing guides remain as they were, rack No. 1. We will now describe the
movements of the front and back points in taking up; and it should be stated
that both back and front points come down nearly to the tops of the carriages.
On racking No. 1, the back points are coming out of the work or lace, and
when out they go one space to the left hand; beforo racking. No. 2, they
descend and enter the threads of the warp and of the bobbins between racking
Nos. 2 and 3, they get up about half way between racking Nos. 3 and 4, and
when up are equally spaced between the front points. The front points begin
to draw out just before racking No. 4; they get out of the lace between
Fracking Nos. 4 and 5; they descend, and by their wheel move one space to
the left hand, and by a projecting surface on the face of the plate (as is well
understood), they are moved half a space further to the left hand, in order to
enter the warp threads correctly; and when through the warp thread they go
half a space to the right by the point bar falling off the projection on the
plate, then enter the bobbin threads and go up, and they get up about half
way between racking Nos. 5 and 6, and come directly under the back points.
The back points again take up on racking Nos. 7, 8, 9, and 10, they going a
space to the right hand when they are out of the lace, and go up between the
front points, and are equally spaced between those points. The front points.
again take up at racking Nos. 10, 11, 12, and 1, they moving one space to
the right hand by the wheel, and by the projecting surface of the plate go
half a space to the left to go into the warp threads, and when in they go half
a spaco to the right hand, and enter the bobbin threads and go directly under
the back points. It should be stated that the points are only half the guage
of the carriages; and in speaking of the spaces moved by the points in the
above description, we refer to the spaces in the combs. Notė.-It will bo
seen that the combs have projecting tangs at their inner ends, which being
cast into leads give strength and steadiness to the same.
Having thus described the second part of our Invention so far as the making
of straight down nets, it will be desirable to give such information to the
workman that he may apply the improved mode of working single-tier
carriages when making traverse twist net or lace, that is to say, where one
part of the carriages proceed diagonally from the right-hand selvage to the
left-hand selvage, and the other part of the carriages proceed diagonally from
the left-hand selvage to the right-hand selvage, and by such traversing or
crossing of one part of the bobbin threads over another part of the bobbin
thread in opposite directions, the tops and bottoms of the meshes are formed,

page_text: as is well understood; and in order to perform these operations, it is necessary
that the back lockers should be capable of working sometimes as an unbroken
continuous blade, and when in movement to actuate all the carriages in the
back combs precisely as above described, and at other times such back locker
blades should be capable of taking only one-half (or every other carriage)
from the back combs towards the front combs, that they may be taken into and
locked in the front combs by the front locker, which, when making plain
bobbin net from end to end of the machine in one broad sheet, will only be
an unbroken blade; but when the machine is to make breadths, then it has
slits or openings cut opposite each breadth for the passage of the nebs of two
carriages (the lacing and turn-again carriage), by which means the carriages
will be divided. For this purpose the back locker is composed of two blades
having independent action, and worked by like cams, in order to produce at
proper intervals the working of the carriages, either as an unbroken blade
moving all the carriages or taking every alternate carriage. Figure 5 and
Figure 6 show sections of the combs and lockers arranged for the purpose of
making broadths of bobbin net or twist lace, the carriages traversing from
selvage to selvage, as is well understood in various classes of machinery.
As these locker blades, so far as being independent of each other, resemble
those described in our first improvements, we will mark them with the same
letters of reference, and also with the same letters as those described in
working straight down net; but it will be seen that in working a course
according to this part of the Invention, the action of the lockers differs
from both, but they only differ from those for inaking straight down net,
inasmuch as provision is made for dividing the carriages, their action on the
carriages, and the mode of turning into and out of the nebs, being precisely
the same as in making straight down net. The warp threads are all threaded
through one row of guides, as shewn in Figures 6 and 7. The same arrange-
ment of cams as shown in working for straight down net are employed, but
they are capable of sliding on the main axis or shaft, in order to get out of the
way of the crank bar arm of the locker blade D (the blades C and D having
separate crank bar arms, though worked by the samo cam), when that blade is
to remain stationary; and a catch or bolt in any convenient position retains such
blade stationary when the blade C is taking forward and bringing back the
other carriages; and a like provision is made for the blade A, when "breadths"
are being produced in the machine. The mode of constructing the blades C
and D, so that their upper ends will go together and form an unbroken blado,
is clearly shown in the Drawing, it being by means of bent pushers cast in

page_text: leads, which being affixed to the blades C, D, cach pusher of each blade is
capable of entering between and filling up the space formed by two pushers
on the other blade, and hence produce, when desired, an unbroken blade for
actuating all the carriages; and when opened from each other, the blade C'is
capable of actuating every other carriage during the time the other carriages
are locked in the back combs by the blade D; and it should be stated that in
making breadths, the front locker blade A, B, is to be racked equally with the
front comb bar, in order that the openings formed in the blade B, and covered
by the blade A, should at all times stand correct for the carriages which are
detained in the front combs at the proper intervals. The wheels for working
the comb bar and the guide bars being shown in the Drawing, no further
description of the parts will be necessary, further than to add, that the front
and back points, when making plain bobbin net, are to be so worked as to
take up in a similar manner to Lever's machinery. We will now proceed.to
work a course of movements of the machinery which will be alike, whether
producing the bobbin net in one broad sheet from end to end of the machine,
or proceeding breadths sewed or laced together, the only difference, as above
described, is that in making breadths the blade B is cut out, and has
covering pieces A, and when only one broad sheet is produced, the blade A, B,
is a single unbroken blade, and at all times actuates the whole of the carriages
which may be in the front combs or bolts. The workman from the foregoing
description, aided by the Drawings, will readily set up his machine correctly,
and further to aid him, we will give an explanation of the working of the
course; first stating that the workman must bear in mind that he is setting
up his machine for making plain bobbin net with the ordinary twists in the
pillars and traversings for forming of the tops and bottoms of the meshes,
by which he will readily correct any error which he may find in working.
The Drawing represents the parts as intended for making breadths.
racking No. 1 of the wheels on the upright shaft, which makes one revolution
for each five of the main shaft or axis a, the whole of the carriages will be in
the back combs, and retained by the locker blades C, D, and the continued
rotation of the winch handle will commence the dividing of the carriages. by
means of the locker blade C, which will take every other carriage towards the
front combs, and the locker blades A, B, will take the carriages into and lock
them in the front combs, the front points taking up as the carriages are going
from the back into the front combs; rack No. 2; the front comb bar moves
two spaces to the right hand, the main and selvedge guides remain as they
were, the locker blade B takes back all the carriages except two opposite
On

page_text: each selvedge, which are retained locked in the front combs by the locker blade
A, the locker blade C taking those carriages which come through the warp
threads, and lock them in the back combs; rack No. 3; the front comb bar
moves one space to the left hand, all the guides remain as they were, the
locker blades C, D, will bring forward the carriages into the warp threads,
and the locker blade B will take the carriages and lock them in the front
combs, bence all the carriages will now be in the front combs; rack No. 4;
the front comb bár remains as it was, the main guide bar goes two spaces to tho
right hand, the left-hand selvage guides go two spaces to the right hand, and
the right-hand selvedge guides go one space to the right hand, the lockers A, B,
drive the whole of the carriages into the warp threads, and they are taken and
locked in the back combs by the lockers C, D; rack No. 5; the front comb.
bars moves one space to the left hand, the main guide bar moves one
space to the left hand, and the right and left-hand selvedge guide bars go
one space to the left hand, the whole of the carriages are driven forward
by the lockers C and D, and are taken and locked in the front combs by
the lockers A, B; rack No. 6; the front comb bar remains as it was, the
main guide bar moves one space to the right hand, the right-hand selvedge.
guide bar goes two spaces to the right hand, the left-hand selvedge guide bar
moves, one space to the right hand, the lockers A, B, drive back the whole of
the carriages, and as they are going into the back combs, the back points take
up the lockers C, D, take the carriages and lock them in the back combs ;
rack No. 7; the front comb bar remains as it was, the main guide bar goes
one space to the left, the right-hand selvedge guide bar goes one space to the
left hand, the left-hand selvedge guide bar remains as it was, the locker C
divides the carriages and drives one-half into the warp threads, the lockers
A, B, take the carriages as they come through the warp threads, and lock
them into the front combs; rack No. 8; the front comb bar moves two spaces
to the right hand, the main guide bar goes two spaces to the right hand, the
right and left-hand selvedge guide bars remain as they were, the locker B
drives back all the carriages but two carriages opposite each division for
making breadths, the locker C takes the carriages as they come through the
warp threads, and locks them in the back combs; rack No. 9; front comb bar
moves one space to the left hand, the main guide bar moves one space to the
left hand, the right and left-hand selvedge guides remain as they were, the
lockers C, D, drive forward the carriages through the warp threads, and the
locker B takes and locks them in the front combs; rack No. 10; the front
comb bar moves two spaces to the left hand, the main guide bar moves one

page_text: space to the left hand, the right and left selvedge guide bars remain as they
were, the lockers A, B, drive the whole of the carriages to the back combs,
and they are taken and locked in the back combs by the lockers C and D;.
rack No. 1; front comb bar moves one space to the right hand, the main guide
bar moves one space to the left hand, the right-hand selvedge guide bar moves
one space to the left hand, and the left-hand selvedge guide bars move two.
spaces to the left hand, which brings the parts to the positions at starting.
Having thus described the Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into effect, we would remark that we lay no claim to any of the parts sepa-
rately, nor in combination, other than is herein particularly pointed out as of
our Invention; and we would further remark, that variations may be made,
provided the principle of our improvements are retained. And we would
have it understood, that what we claim as our Invention, is,-
First, the mode, herein described, of applying four single locker blades (each
having independent movement), to double-tier circular comb or circular bolt
machinery, whereby cach row of carriages, when in the front combs, is operated
on by its particular locker blade, and each row of carriages, when in the back
combs, is operatod on by its particular locker blade. And further, we claim the
combining pickers (for selecting carriages, and moving them out of the way of
the locker blades) with four single independent bladed lockers for making
"breadths;" but we do not claim such pickers separately, nor when combined
for like purposes with double or single-bladed lockers, as heretofore practised.
Secondly, we claim the mode, herein described, for working single-tier
carriages by means of two lockers, whereby such lockers, by simply turning or
moving on their axes, take into and leave the nebs or notches of the carriages,
and whereby the carriages are at all times either acted on by one or other of.
the locker blades, as above described.
-,In witness whereof, we, the said James Smith the younger, and Francis
Smith, have hereunto set our hands and scals, this Fourth day of
May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of May, in the
seventli year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth, the said
James Smith the younger, and Francis Smith came before our said Lord the
King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all
and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And
also the instrument aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King
George the Third