Improvements in Turbines for Propulsive Purposes, suitable also for Centrifugal Pumps for Raising or Foroing Water.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th May, 1892-Accepted, 9th July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Turbines for Propulsive Purposes, suitable also for
Centrifugal Pumps for Raising or Foroing Water.
I, GEORGE MARIE CAPELL, of Passenham Rectory, in the County of
Northampton, Clerk in Holy Orders, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in turbines for propulsive purposes suitable
also for centrifugal pumps for raising or forcing water, and in carrying it into
effect I make my turbines with an outer and inner set of blades curved or straight
and set at a tangent angle to the circle of the inlet. The inlet may be of the semi
diameter of the turbine, but can be larger or smaller.
The inner and outer blades meet or are connected by a junction piece which is
curved to form segments of a cylinder. The blades can be cast in one piece or
rivetted together. They are secured to one or both side discs. One disc will have
an inlet opening in a single turbine. In a double turbine there may be a central
disc and the discs on each side will have inlets or I may dispense with the central
disc and only have two side discs with openings. In large turbines the blades,
inner and outer, may be cast separately and secured to a pair of discs.
baffle rings to my inlets. I use a boss for the axle coned in shape to guide the
water to the inner blades and to avoid shocks. The junction of the outer blades
to the connecting segments is curved to avoid eddies. The junctions of the inner
wings is also curved inside and out for like reasons.
I use
In some cases, I set my inner blades at an angle to the axis, and also bend the
advance edge to grip the water like a propeller blade.
When place my inner blade at an angle to the axis I prefer to keep the
outer blades parallel to counteract the tendency to greater discharge on the inlet
side.
I use an expanding spiral casing which may have one or more outlets.
I place
my turbine centrally to the ship leading water from forward. Or I use a pair, one
on each quarter taking in water on one or both sides and discharging in a fine with
the keel.
The turbine shafts are driven by suitable motors. The same construction of
turbine wheel is equally suitable for a centrifugal pump as is also the casing.
In some cases I use a disc with port-holes cut in it wide at the periphery side
and narrower towards the axis. Their depth is about two-thirds of the radius.
Over these I place curved scoops which come a little below the lower edge of the
port-holes. The ports are equally spaced round the disc. On the opposite side of
the disc I use in some cases curved or straight centrifugal blades which are secured
on one side to the scoop disc and on the other to another disc. The discs have
driving bosses which hold the axle. The centrifugal blades are placed at a suitable
angle.
In other cases I may employ a scoop disc having scoops set at opposite sides of
the port-holes so that one set of scoops catch the water and force it through the
port-holes while the scoops on the opposite side of the disc cause a suction to help
the water through and by their curved blades when rotating force the water
forward in the line of the axis like a screw propeller. This form can work in a
concentric casing taking in the water in the same line as the discharge. These
turbine wheels with scoops are equally serviceable as pumps to force or raise
water.
Dated this 24th dox of July 1801
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicant,

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Turbines for Propulsive Purposes, suitable also for
Centrifugal Pumps for Raising or Forcing Water.
1, GEORGE MARIE CAPELL, of Passenham Rectory, in the County of
Northampton, Clerk in Holy Orders, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in turbines for propulsive purposes, as well
as in centrifugal pumps for raising or forcing water.
In order that it may be thoroughly understood, I will proceed to describe it in
detail, referring in so doing to the accompanying drawings which are to be taken as
part of this Specification and read therewith.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation illustrating the construction according to my invention
of a double propulsive turbine. The left hand half of the figure is in section.
Fig. 2 is a sectional front elevation taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional front elevation illustrating the construction of my invention.
as a centrifugal pump.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the wheel of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a front elevation of the wheel of a propulsive turbine, or of a centrifugal
pump, and represents combination of a disc, its ports, scoops and centrifugal
blades.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the same.
Fig. 7 is a sectional front elevation of a propulsive turbine illustrating the
combination of a central disc, its ports and scoops.
Fig. 8 is a sectional side elevation taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7.
It is to be borne in mind that any of the constructions of wheel described or
illustrated herein is equally suitable for either a propulsive turbine or for a centri-
fugal pump.
The directions of rotation and of the currents are indicated by arrows.
Referring to Fig. 1, a is the eccentric spiral casing. b, are the inlet boxes one
to each side. c is the outlet. is the shaft. It is driven by any suitable motor
and revolves in bearings d¹ formed upon the inlet boxes. e is the boss of the
turbine wheel and is of a proper contour for guiding the water to the inner blades,
and also to avoid shocks.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the turbine wheel is constructed as follows and fixed
on the driving shaft in any convenient way.
are the two sides, and is the central disc. is a baffle ring surrounding
cách inlet opening. Each ring is fixed to its respective disc f, and works in a
recess g which is formed for that purpose in the top of the inlet box.
i is an outer, and, an inner blade. is a junction piece connecting the two.
This junction piece is curved on both sides to form the segment of a cylinder. The
junction. of an outer blade to its junction-piece, and that of an inner blade to
the same junction-piece, are curved on both sides to avoid eddies and to suit the
flow of the water.
The curves which I have found to be the most suitable for both faces of the
junctions and² are obtained as follows. The circle of the turbine wheel is first
divided according to the number of pairs of blades. Assuming its diameter to
be 10, the radius of an outer blade i is 5. The diameter of the circle of the inlet
opening is also 5. The radius of an inner blade is the same as the radius of
the circle of the inlet opening. The arc of a junction piece is part of the said
circle. The junctions k¹ and k² are both struck with the same radius, riz.:-2 of
the radius of the said circle. As a consequence, the blades are at tangent angles
with this same circle.
The above relative proportions may be regarded as typical; but they are not
absolute, inasmuch as they may be varied without departing from the scope of my

page_text: invention. Moreover, I do not confine myself to using curved blades in any
turbine or pump described in this Specification, inasmuch as straight ones may be.
employed.
Both blades and their junction-piece may be cast in one piece, or apart, and be
rivetted together afterwards. They are secured to the discs as may be required.
In respect of position, any turbine constructed according to the present invention
is placed centrally of the ship. The water is led to it from forward, and the dis-
charge is always in a line with the keel.
A single turbine wheel constructed according to my invention as the same is
illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 and described therewith, consists of a baffle ring g, its
side disc, the outer blades i, the inner blades j and the junction pieces k, as well
as the opposite side disc which is as a matter of course without an inlet opening.
The casing has only one inlet box b.
Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, the differences in construction of the wheel therein
illustrated and that described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2, are as follows:-
(a.) Outer blades parallel with the axis and combined with inner blades set.
at an angle with the axis. The object of this combination is to counteract
the tendency to a greater discharge on the inlet side.
(.) Inner blades set at an angle with the axis and having combined with
them leading edges or prolongations bent forward in the direction of the
rotation of the wheel. are the said leading edges. They are shewn as
prolongations projecting into the baffle rings g. The object in adding them
to the inner blades is that the water may be gripped by them as it is by a
propeller-blade. The baffle rings g are prolonged also.
Referring to Figs. 5 and 6, m is a disc closed as to its centre instead of having
an inlet opening h. n, n are a series of ports formed at equal distances in the disc,
and near to its periphery. A port decreases, in respect of width, from the edge of
it nearest the periphery of the disc, in the direction of the axis of the latter. The
depth or radial length of a port is about two thirds of the radius of the wheel.
o, o are a series of scoops, one over cach port n. They are rivetted or otherwise
secured to the disc m. Of each scoop, o is the leading edge and o², a flange.
The latter is formed out of, or in one piece with, the scoop, and by it the latter is
rivetted to the disc. is the end of the scoop. This end is, it will be noticed,
continued beyond the port in the direction of the axis of the wheel. In curving a
scoop, I make the peripheral portion which joins the baffle ring g on the radius of
a larger circle than the portion nearer the axis of the wheel. In some cases,
make the last mentioned portion as follows. It starts from the disc at a right
angle therewith and is continued so for a short distance before the curvature
commences. The battle ring is of a suitable width to close up the backs of the
series of scoops (i.e., their sides next the periphery of the disc).
I
P; P are a series of centrifugal blades. They are shewn as curved, but, as
explained already, they may be straight. However, the form which I prefer to
use in the wheel now under specification is one curved in two portions, one of them
dipping into or towards the centre of the wheel from the inlet opening-the baffle
ring g, and struck on the same radius, and the other of them meeting the former at
an angle of from 70° to 85° and extending outwards to the periphery of the disc.
m is a second disc, and between the two the blades are secured in any suitable
manner. 9. y are driving bosses by means of which the wheel can be held to the
shaft d.
The centrifugal blades and consequently, the second disc, may be dispensed
with.
Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, s is the turbine case. It is concentric with the
wheel next described, and t, u, are respectively, the inlet and outlet, according as
whether the turbine, is going ahead or has been reversed. The arrows indicate the
direction of the water when the turbine is going ahead. 2 is the driving shaft.
Its bearings are conveniently-formed upon and supported by the case in the way
illustrated.

page_text: The plane in which the wheel now under specification is rotated is at right
angles with the direction of the current.
This wheel is constructed as follows and is held to the shaft d² by any efficient
means. is a central disc. It is held to the shaft by being bolted to a boss e of
the same contour as described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
n, n are a series of
ports, and o, o, a series of scoops of the same description as described with reference
to Figs. 5 and 6.
o, o are a second series of scoops of the same construction as those already
described. They are fixed to the opposite side of the disc and over the ports
respectively, but the other way on, so that the series of Scoops.o, o, catches the
water and forces it through the ports, and, the series of creates a suction adapted to
draw the water through, the curvatures of the scoops of as they rotate forcing. the
water forward in the line of the axis of the turbine after the manner of a screw
propeller.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my, said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In turbines for propulsive purposes or in centrifugal pumps, the combination
of curved or straight outer and inner blades set at tangent angles to the circle of
the inlet opening, and a curved junction piece connecting each outer to its respective
inner blade, the angles made by the junctions of the said junction pieces with their
respective blades being curved on both sides, as set forthi.
2. In turbines for propulsive purposes or in centrifugal pumps, the combination
of curved or straight outer and inner blades, the outer blades parallel and the inner
blades at an angle with the axis, and a curved junction piece connecting each outer:
to its respective inner blade, the angles made by the junctions of the said junction
pieces with their respective blades being curved on both sides, as set forth."
3. In turbines for propulsive purposes or in centrifugal pumps, the combination
of a central disc, a set of curved or straight outer and inner blades ou each side
of it set at a tangent angle to the circle of the inlet opening, a curved junction
piece connecting each outer to its respective inner blade, the angles made by the
junctions of the said junction pieces with their respective blades being curved on
both sides, and two inlet boxes, baffle rings, inlet openings and side discs, as set
forth.
4. In turbines for propulsive purposes or in centrifugal pumps, the combination
of a central disc, a set of curved or straight outer and inner blades on each side of
it, the outer blades parallel and the inner blades at an angle with the axis, a curved
junction piece connecting each outer to its respective inner blade, the angles made
by the junctions of the said junction pieces with their respective blades being
curved on both sides, and two inlet boxes, baffle rings, inlet openings and side discs,
as set forth.
5. In a turbine for propulsive purposes or in a centrifugal pump, the combination
of a disc, a series of ports therein and a series of scoops over the said ports, as set
forth.
6. In a turbine for propulsive purposes or in a centrifugal pump, the combination
of a disc, a series of ports therein, a series of scoops over the said ports, and a set
of centrifugal blades, as set forth.
i
7. In a turbine for propulsive purposes or in a centrifugal pump, the combination
of a central disc, a series of ports therein, and a series of scoops upon cach side of
the said disc over the said ports, as set forth.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
No. 22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.