Improvements in the Manufacture of Harrows.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 6th July, 1891-Accepted, 8th Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Harrows.
We, JoHN HOWARD 'HOWARD and EDWARD TENNEY BOUSFIELD, both of
Bedford, in the County of Bedford, Engineers, "do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
'Our invention relates to chain-harrows of the kind described in the Specification
of Letters Patent granted to James Howard and Edward Tenney Bousfield dated
3rd of April A.D. 1876, No. 1429, and illustrated in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the
drawings, the object of our invention being to increase the durability of such
harrows and to simplify their construction.
According to our invention instead of forming each tripod piece or link from a
single rod of steel, of a complex shape somewhat difficult to produce, we combine
three nearly straight rods, which are firmly united to form the tripod frame, by
casting the tines or teeth upon them. The steel rods when laid in the mould, for
the purpose of having the teeth cast upon them, cross each other, and at the points
of intersection one or both of the rods is or are indented or curved in order that
the rods may lie in the same plane when united.
The tripod pieces are linked to each other upon collars or bearings which are
advantageously cast in one piece with the tines, and in order to give the requisite
strength to the collars or bearings, a steel rod, which forms one side of the tripod
frame, passes through the tines and the collars or bearings.
The collars or bearings are preferably "chilled" on the wearing surface so as to
render them extremely hard thereby increasing the durability of the harrow; and
the said collars or bearings and the eyes or loops which link upon them are
advantageously so shaped that they can be linked together when held in one
position, and be prevented from uncoupling when in the working position.
In some cases we make renewable collars or bearings, and renewable linings for
the eyes or loops which work upon the said bearings.
Dated the 7th day of October 1890.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Harrows.
We, JOHN HOWARD HOWARD & EDWARD TENNEY BOUSFIELD, both of
Bedford, in the County of Bedford, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to chain-harrows of the kind described in the Specification
of Letters Patent granted to James Howard & Edward Tenney Bousfield, dated
3rd of April A.D. 1876, No. 1429, and illustrated in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the
drawings, the object of the said invention being to increase the durability of such
harrows and to simplify their construction.
In the accompanying drawings,-
Figure 1 is a plan view of a harrow link or tripod piece constructed according
to our invention; and,
Figure 2 is a side view of the same:
Figure 3 represents several of such links connected together:
Figure 4 is a plan view of a modified form of link; and,

page_text: Figure 5 is a side view of the same :
Figures 6 and 7 are a plan and partial side view illustrating another
modification.
In the arrangement of our invention shewn in Figures 1 and 2, each link comprises
three rods a, a, a', preferably of steel, which are firmly united to form the tripod
by casting the tines or teeth b,, upon them, the said rods, in order that they
may all lie in substantially the same plane, being preferably bent or curved at the
points of intersection, as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 2.
Each of the tines or teeth, has cast integral therewith a bearing C₁ the
rod a', which forms one side of the tripod, being of sufficient length to pass
through the said bearings. These collars or bearings are preferably chilled, as
also are the tines or teeth, so as to make them extremely hard, and thereby
render the harrow more durable than harrows of the kind described in the
Specification before referred to. The durability of the harrows, as compared
with those formerly constructed, is further increased by reason of the fact that
the bearing c being of greater diameter than a rod only, afford a larger bearing
surface.
In some cases we make renewable bearings and renewable linings for the eyes or
loops which work upon the said bearings: such an arrangement is shewn in
Figures 4 and 5, where the bearings c, care represented as being bent or clipped
around the portion integral with the tines ',, as indicated most clearly in
Figure 5, where c¹ indicates the gap between the two ends. d, d indicate the
renewable linings which are placed within the eyes. In this modification it will be
noticed that the tripod frame has only a single rod.
In the modification of our invention shown in Figures 6 and 7, the construction
is substantially the same as that shewn in Figure 1, except that, instead of the
rod a passing through the bearings c, c, the ends of the rods a, a pass through the
said bearings, their extremities being bent round and enclosed within the tines or
teeth when the latter are cast upon the rods.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :
1. A harrow, the links or tripod pieces of which are each composed of a series of
short rods united by casting tines or teeth upon them, substantially as described.
2. A harrow composed of a number of links, each of which is provided with
bearings cast integral with the teeth or tines, substantially as described.
3. In a harrow provided with bearings as referred to in the preceding claiming
clause, making such bearings renewable, substantially as described.
4. In a harrow the links of which are provided with bearings and with eyes to
engage with the said bearings, providing the said eyes with linings, substantially as
set forth.
5. The manufacture and use of a chain-harrow, substantially in the manner
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 6th day of July 1801
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4. South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.