matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRATING AND CRUSHING SALT AND SUGAR
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Draper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1856.
I, JONN DRAPER, of Chiswell Street, Finsbury, do hereby declare the naturo
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRATING AND CRUSHING
SALT AND SUGAR," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for grating
and crushing salt and sugar. For these purposes a suitable box or case is
constructed, of wood or other suitable material, one end of which is formed
into a hopper or compartment, into which is to be placed the piece or pieces
of salt or sugar to be grated and crushed. At the lower part of the hopper
is applied a rotating grater, which it is preferred should be cylindrical and
made of perforated sheet metal, although the grater may be otherwise made.
The rotating grater is mounted on necks or axes, and receives motion by
means of a crank handle exterior of the box or case. Below the rotating
grater are a pair of crushing rollers, which are caused to revolve by suitable
gearing in connection with the axes of the revolving grater. The salt or
sugar as it is grated and crushed is received into a drawer or receiver
below.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE BATH
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Etienne Trottier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
September 1856.
I, HENRI ETIENNE TROTTIER, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the
Empire of France, and of No. 4, South St., Finsbury, London, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE
BATH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in the adaptation of a reservoir of hot water con-
taining a chamber for heating linen to the back or any other suitable part
of an ordinary bath. The reservoir, composed of metal or other material, is
fixed at a small distance from the bath by brackets or stays, and contains a
heating chamber, made of the same material as the bath, and is termed a
"linen warmer," in which the bather places the linen to be warmed before
getting into the bath. At the top of the reservoir is an opening closed by a
screw stopper, in which opening about two pails full of water, at a temperature
of 176° Fahrenheit, is poured, for heating the linen, and at the bottom of the
same is a tube communicating with the bottom of the bath. To the tube is
fixed a stop-cock, which allows the reservoir to be emptied.
also supplied with a stop-cock, is placed in the middle of the
Another tube,
reservoir, and

page_text: then turns to the right of the bath, for the purpose of conveying nearly to
the top of the latter hot water from the reservoir. On the opposite side of
the bath is placed a thermometer, for ascertaining the temperature of the
water.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Moore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1856.
I, WILLIAM HENRY MOORE, of Wenlock Place, City Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of forming the candle moulds with grooves on the
interior near the outer ends, and in making candles with ribs or projections
at their lower ends. By this improvement candles will (at their lower ends)
be made, in respect to those projecting parts or ribs, of greater radius than the
upper part of the candle, and will therefore fit the sockets of candlesticks
made suitable to receive candles of larger diameter, which will present a great
convenience.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Armour at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April
1856.
I, JOHN ARMOUR, of Kirkton Bleach Works, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS, to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the employment and use of the following chemical
ingredients, all or any of them in the process of bleaching textile fabrics and
materials, more especially what are technically known as "sewed goods," or
embroidered muslins: oil of turpentine, coal, or mineral naptha, rosin, oil,
benzone, benzele or benzole, sulphide of carbon, and chloroform. Such sub-
stances are used for bleaching, under this Invention, either singly, or mixed
one or more of them together, and with any other ingredient which may be
suitable for dilution; or for cheapening the process, such as methylated spirit.
The substance herein-before named may be applied in various ways, but the
simplest mode of application is the dipping of the goods to be bleached into
either or any of the ingredients, the goods being afterwards wrung out or dried
by the agency of a hydro-extractor or centrifugal apparatas. In this condition
the goods are ready either for boiling, posting, or washing.

page_text: Another, and, perhaps, a preferable mode of carrying out this Invention
involves the use of two chambers or boxes, one considerably larger than the
other; these two chambers or cylinders are connected together by a pipe at
the bottom, governed by a valve. The goods to be treated are first placed in
the larger chamber, and the bleaching ingredient is then poured upon them,
and the lid of the chamber is then finally put on. After this treatment the
bleaching agent may be drawn off into the smaller cylinder by a pump; or
the air in the smaller cylinder may be exhausted, and the communication
between the two chambers being then opened up, the superfluous matter will
flow into the smaller chamber. It will be obvious to the practical bleacher
that this application may be made in many ways, always securing a speedy
bleaching result.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE ZINC
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Titterton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1856.
I, CHARLES TITTERTON, of Roehampton, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF WHITE ZINC," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
white zinc. For this purpose, in place of employing manufactured zinc or
the ore of zinc, I employ refuse products containing zinc, and which result in
various branches of manufactures where zinc is made and used, such refuse
consisting of ashes, dross, and skimmings containing zinc, and I combine these
matters with broken coke or carbon, and place the mixtures in suitable muffles
or retorts, and distil off the vapours of zinc, and conduct such vapours into
suitable chambers with atmospheric air,. and thereby produce white zinc from
such refuse.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF BLAST FURNACES FOR THE SMELTING OR MAKING OF IRON
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Levick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st September
1856.
I, FREDERICK LEVICK, junior, of Cwm Celyn and Blaina Iron Works, in
the County of Monmouth, Iron Master, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF BLAST
FURNACES FOR THE SMELTING OR MAKING OF IRON," to be as follows:-
In constructing blast furnaces according to this Invention, I enlarge the
proportions of the furnace so as considerably to increase its internal capacity,
and the hearth I form of such a figure as will admit of the insertion of a
greater number of tuyères than have heretofore been employed; these I set
radially around the hearth, and I also shape the hearth so as to increase the
surface of the fused metal to the greatest available extent. The tuyères I pro-
pose to arrange in two tiers, the lower line being intended to inject air into the
fluid metal and assist or effect its decarbonization, while the upper tuyères are
employed for the smelting operation, which is proceeding at a higher level in
the furnace. I also propose to supply air to blast furnaces at a much greater
pressure than heretofore, and in some cases to use two different pressures for
the two tiers of tuyères.

page_text: By these means the smelting and making of iron will be expedited, and a
great economy of fuel will at the same time be effected. When using two
pressures of air, the two sets of tuyères may be arranged on the same level if
thought desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN GIVING MOTION TO ROTATING SHUTTLE BOXES OF POWER LOOMS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1856.
I, WILLIAM HARKER, of Victoria Mill, Bowley, Bradford, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN GIVING MOTION TO ROTATING SHUTTLE BOXES OF POWER LOOMS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in giving motion to rotating
shuttle boxes of power looms, and consists of arranging the jacquard apparatus
in such manner that the same cards used for governing and acting to produce
the pattern by the warps shall act on instruments and apparatus interposed
between the two levers which give motion to the rotating shuttle box and the
jacquard apparatus, by which means the one or other lever, so used to rotate
the shuttle box, will be brought into action according to the manner in which
the perforated cards act on the interposed apparatus consisting of levers and
connecting rods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PASTE OR SIZE FOR SIZING, STIFFENING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING COTTON AND LINEN YARNS AND WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Garnett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1856.
I, THOMAS GARNETT, of Low Moor, Clitheroe, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PASTE OR SIZE FOR
SIZING, STIFFENING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING COTTON AND LINEN YARNS AND
WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of using compounds or preparations of soda and
magnesia, together or separate, combined with paste made of flour or starch,
or animal size, or glue, or gum, or of flour and starch with or without gum,
and with or without animal size or glue, for the purpose of dressing cotton,
or linen warps, or cotton and linen warps, that they may be the better enabled
to bear the friction of the reed in weaving; and also for the purpose of making
the cloth of the proper weight; and also for the purpose of dressing, filling,
and finishing bleached fabrics of cotton, or linen, or cotton and linen. Under
the general name of flour I include wheaten flour, rice flour, rye flour, barley
flour, bean flour, and pea flour; and under the general name of starch I
include the starch of wheat, the starch of rice, the starch of potatoes, com-
monly called farina, the starch of the sago palm, commonly called sago flour,
and the starch usually called arrowroot. I include also those peculiar pre-

page_text: parations of starch by calcination or otherwise heating them, which are usually
called sago, otherwise pearl sago and British gum. And under the name of
gum I include the gum usually called gum arabic; but I do not limit myself
to tho peculiar sorts of flour and starch enumerated. I do not claim the
exclusive use of starch, or gum, or flour, or animal size, or glue, for the
purpose of making paste or size, except when they, or one or more of them
is or are also combined with some or one of the preparations of soda or
magnesia, hereafter specified. The preparation of soda I recommend for
this purpose is the sulphate of soda, usually or often called Glauber's salt; and
the preparations of magnesia, are those of the sulphate of magnesia, other-
wise called Epsom salts; and the subcarbonate of magnesia, usually called
magnesia alba.
ANI MPROVED FACING' OR COVERING TO BE ATTACHED TO THE OUTSIDE OF LADIES' DRESSES, MANTLES, OR OTHER ARTICLES OF ATTIRE, PECULIARLY ADAPTED FOR THE WARMTH AND PROTECTION OF THE CHEST
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Jay and George Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 26th August 1856.
We, SAMUEL JAY and GEORGE SMITH, both of No. 246, Regent Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "ANI MPROVED FACING' OR COVERING TO BE ATTACHED TO THE OUTSIDE OF LADIES'
DRESSES, MANTLES, OR OTHER ARTICLES OF ATTIRE, PECULIARLY ADAPTED FOR THE
WARMTH AND PROTECTION OF THE CHEST," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention consists in the adaptation to the outside of
ladies' dresses, mantles, or other articles of attire of a "facing," which
may be made ornamental or otherwise, in any material, for the warmth and
protection of the chest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAINS FOR. COLLIERIES, CABLES, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: vwv
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bayliss at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1856.
I, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the Firm of W. and M. Bayliss, Flat and Round
Chain Manufacturers, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAINS FOR.
COLLIERIES, CABLES, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My improvements in the manufacture of the description of chain named in
the title consist in composing the chain of double or treble links, the links
being welded together during the process of making, by which means the wear
upon the links is more evenly divided, and the chance of breaking from defects.
or flaws in the iron greatly diminished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR PREPARING COLOURS FOR PRINTING
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Nicolas Denis Bardot at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st December 1856.
I, HENRI NICOLAS DENIS BARDOT, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING OR PREPARING COLOURS FOR PRINTING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to certain improvements in treating or preparing
colours for printing fabrics and papers. It consists in the use of new com-
pounds or preparations of substances intended to thicken the colours in lieu of
the materials hitherto used for that purpose. Starch, fecula, gluten, gums,
gommelines, astérine, lacs, decoction of linseed, and other similar matters have
till now been employed for thickening the colours used in printing fabrics and
papers, in combination with alums, silicates, and borates.
My Invention consists in substituting for the above matters decoctions of
lichen, pearly moss, alga-fucus, seaweed, and generally of all mucous plants.
These decoctions being made, I add to them either alums, silicates, or borates,
etc., together or separately, in certain and suitable proportions, according to the
colours required, so as to prevent their return to the liquid state.
After this operation I reduce them into cakes or jellies by means of heat,
and I use the cakes or jellies thus obtained for thickening the colours required.
CERTAIN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO BOATS TO INCREASE THEIR BUOYANCY AND STABILITY
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Duncan Preston Cunningham
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd May 1856.
I, HENRY DUNCAN PRESTON CUNNINGHAM, of Gosport, in the County of
Hants, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO BOATS TO INCREASE THEIR BUOYANCY AND
STABILITY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in increasing the safety and buoyancy of ordinary boats,
so as to enable them to carry heavy cargoes and encounter rough seas, without
changing their construction, by adapting thereto certain buoyant agents, which
will at the same time convert an ordinary boat into a life boat, and serve as
fenders to prevent damage to the boat in going alongside of ships or vessels,
quays, or other bodies. I prepare a piece of canvas, or other strong material
of suitable length, with an edging of rope, and suitable holes worked in the
canvas to receive ropes. Upon this canvas, or other material, I affix tubes or
cylinders of cork, covered with canvas, hollow tubes, or other suitable buoyant
agents, so fixed to the canvas as to allow it to be flexible, or capable of
conforming itself to the shape of the sides and bottom of the boat. propose
that these pieces of canvas shall be in pairs, that is, one or more for each side
of the boat. I connect the pieces of canvas together underneath the boat by

page_text: means of rope or chain passed through the holes in the canvas, and I secure
the canvas to the boat's side at the upper part by suitable rope lanyards, &c.
I intend also to apply my buoyant apparatus or modifications thereof at the
bow and stern of boats.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING OR COOKING BY GAS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grant at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1856.
I, JOHN GRANT, of Hyde Park Street, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HEATING OR COOKING BY GAS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME," to be
as follows:
My Invention consists in heating or cooking by gas in such manner that
the matters cooked or heated are not exposed to or liable to be affected by the
products from the combustion thereof.
My Invention also consists in a means of ventilating the oven or chamber
heated by the introduction at the lower part thereof of heated air, and by
providing one or more outlets at the top or upper part of the oven or
chamber.
My apparatus for carrying my Invention into effect consists of a chamber
into which a hot air pipe, as hereafter described, enters at the lower part
thereof, and from which an aperture in the top thereof communicates with a
flue. The chamber is provided with a door at front. Round the sides, back,
and top is a hollow space or flue, which opens into a flue leading to a chimney
or shaft; the before-mentioned aperture in the top of the chamber opens into
this last-named fluc. Outside of the hollow space or flue is a lining or casing
of nonconducting material for preventing, as far as possible, loss of heat from

page_text: radiation; or, instead of a lining or casing, a water space forming a boiler
may be used. Round the bottom plate, and at the back and two sides of the
chamber, near the hollow" spaces before named, is a perforated gas pipe or
burner. The gas being lighted, heats the bottom, sides, back, and top of the
oven or chamber, assisted by the products of combustion or heated air in their
passage to the flue through the said hollow space left for that purpose. In
order to ventilate the interior of the chamber, I carry a pipe, open at one end
to the atmosphere, and at the other to the interior of the chamber, under
and across the bottom thereof, and heat the air in the pipe by gas jets from a
burner carried under it. The products from this burner also pass up the
hollow space or fluc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING AND DYING LEATHER, LINEN, COTTON, WOOL, HAIR, AND SILK, AND FABRICS COMPOSED OF ANY OF THESE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Francis and James Hooper
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 18th November 1856.
We, WILLIAM FRANCIS and JAMES HOOPER, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING AND DYING LEATHER,
LINEN, COTTON, WOOL, HAIR, AND SILK, AND FABRICS COMPOSED OF ANY OF THESE
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Hides, skins, or other substances to be tanned or dyed are to be placed in
an exhausting vessel or chamber and the air exhausted therein; and after
exhaustion, the tanning or dying liquor is to be forced in by hydraulic or
other pressure, whereby tanning and dying may be performed in an expeditious
and complete manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Joseph Marie Edouard Silvy
and Amedée Anne Henry Plagniol at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th September 1856.
We, HENRY JOSEPH MARIE EDOUARD SILVŸ and AMEDÉE ANNE HENRY
PLAGNIOL, Mechanician, of Paris, (France,) do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS," to be as follows:-
These improvements in harness have for their object of permitting to the
driver of a carriage to liberate the same if required at once from the horses.
If the harness is intended for a two-horse carriage with pole, a forked metal
piece is fixed to the saddle, and another flat metal piece is attached to the foro
end of the traces, which latter metal piece fits into the fork, where it is kept
fixed by a small bolt passing through both of them. If required, the driver
from his seat may, by means of a strap or cord fixed to this bolt, draw out
this latter, and thereby unlooses the trace, when the horses will advance, and
as the front end of the pole is provided with a moveable cap, kept fixed thereto
by a spring, the horses on advancing act on this spring, unlooses the cap from
the pole, thereby liberating themselves entirely from the carriage. For shaft
horses' harness, a flat metal piece is fixed to the inner side of the shafts, which
part fits into the forked metal piece attached to the saddle, and is secured to
this fork by a bolt, which, in the same manner as above described, may be
drawn out by the driver from his seat. In this case no traces are required.

page_text: As it may be necessary to liberate the horses from the carriage while this latter
is on a steep declivity, we have fixed to the springs of the carriage certain
breaks, for the wheels to be acted upon by the driver from his seat, and by
which consequently the carriage may be stopped at once.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AFFORDING EXERCISE TO THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Parker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
February 1856.
I, FREDERICK PARKER, of the Halve, Trowbridge, in the County of Wilts,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR AFFORDING EXERCISE TO THE HUMAN BODY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in connecting together certain levers, treddles,
wheels, springs, and weights, and combining them with a seat into an
apparatus, by the use of which persons sitting thereon may avail themselves
of similar exercise in a room to that obtained on horseback out of doors.
Another form of construction of apparatus, according to this Invention, consists
in so constructing and arranging the several parts as that they have to be
operated upon by persons, either in a standing or sitting posture, with the feet
and hands, so as to bring as much as possible of the muscular system into
action at one time; and further, by applying the power_thus exerted to the
turning of a wheel, with vanes or fans fixed around the same, the air may be
disturbed, and the salubrity of the atmosphere in the room improved. The
above apparatus may either be fixed in a room, or it may be used out of doors
as a locomotive vehicle, in which last case it would require to be mounted
upon wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell and Nicholas
Harvey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 24th September 1856.
We, JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL. of Sheffield, Steel Manufacturer, and
NICHOLAS HARVEY, of 12, Haymarket, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature.
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in making steam and other boilers with plates of
cast steel in place of plates of iron, which have frequently or usually been
employed hitherto in constructing such articles, and the plates of cast steel are
rivetted together to the form required with steel rivets, & angle or T steel is
used for supporting and stiffening the shell of cast steel plates.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Clarke Ash at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th November
1856.
I, HENRY CLARKE ASH, of 11, Park Place, South Chelsea, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a method of applying electricity to act on railway
signals placed at a distance from the person by whom the signal is to be
operated on, such signals being of such a nature as to come in contact with
instruments in connection with the passing train, and so give an alarm thereon.
For this purpose, at a distance, say, of two miles from each signal man, a
signal apparatus is placed by the side of the line of rails, or in other con-
venient position, and from the signal man to the apparatus at a distance a
telegraphic wire passes, and within the signal box the telegraphic wire is in
connection with an electro-magnet or other suitable instrument, which, when
brought into action by the electric current, withdraws a detent, or otherwise
liberates the signal, and brings it into such a position that it comes in contact
with a trigger in connection with the passing train, and, by preference, with
the engine of the same, and thus an alarm on the train is brought into action,
and timely notice is given to the engine driver of the danger before him.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN INSTRUMENTS FOR FASTENING DOORS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Augustus Bullard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th February 1856.-Partly a communication.
I, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BULLARD, of Dedham, Massachusetts, United States
of America, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN INSTRUMENTS FOR FASTENING DOORS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the construction of
instruments for fastening doors. For this purpose, a short plate is turned up
at right angles and formed into a point or points, the other end of the plate is
attached by an axis to a button. By this construction, when the plate is intro-
duced between the door and its post, the point or points will enter the door post,
and the button on being turned will retain the door from being opened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING OR REDUCING SUGAR
Year: 1856

page_text: out
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Eaborn and Matthew
Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th May 1856.
We, EDMUND EABORN and MATTHEW ROBINSON, Engineers, trading as Co-
5 partners in Clement Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for certain "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR GRINDING OR REDUCING SUGAR," to be as follows (that is to
say)-
We mount in a suitable frame an iron roller, cut or formed on its periphery
somewhat after the manner in which millstones are faced. This wheel or roll
we propose to mount vertically, and to be from six inches to a foot across the
face, and of a suitable diameter, and about parallel with the axis of the roll.
We hang upon a centre a piece of iron of the same area as the periphery of
the roll, about one-fourth of its circumference (more or less). This counter-
plate is held against the face of the roll by a set screw at the bottom, and just
above where this counterplate is fixed a small auxiliary roll is also fixed, and
above this is placed a hopper.
The use of this machine is for reducing lump or crystallised sugar to a fine
powder for confectionary purposes, and the way in which it is done will be
understood from the following description:--

page_text: The sugar, if in lumps, is broken up and placed in the hopper, from which
it is drawn down and pulverised by the action of the auxiliary roller, and again
descending, is drawn in between the grinding roll and the counterplate, which
being also cut or grooved on its face like the grinding roll, the sugar is thereby
reduced to a fine powder; but if not fine enough for particular purposes, the
counterplate may be set closer and the sugar again put into the hopper, when
the process may be repeated until it is sufficiently fine.-
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: CHE
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mellodew and John
Duxbury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th April 1856.
We, the said THOMAS MELLODEW, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, and JOHN DUXBURY, of the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR
WEAVING, to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to effect a delivery of the yarn from the
shuttle with greater equality of friction; to accomplish which we cause the cop,
as it becomes reduced, to advance along the peg. An arrangement, we employ,
and which will illustrate our Invention, consists in the application of a spiral
spring, placed around the peg, and which is compressed by the adaptation
of the cop; as the yarn becomes unwound the resistance is lessened, and the
remaining part of the cop is forced forward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE BREAKS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Sinclair Robson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th June 1856.
I, SAMUEL SINCLAIR ROBSON, of 45, West Street, Gateshead, in the County
of Durham, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE BREAKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of conical friction surfaces in combination
with suitable mechanism for actuating them. One of the cones is attached to
the wheel of the carriage. The other cone is hollow, and is upon the axle
of the carriage, having a spring or other mechanism to press it upon the first
mentioned conc. When the break is out of gear, or not in contact, the
hollow cone is kept back by a catch, which catch may be released by the
guard or engine driver turning a longitudinal bar or other arrangement of
mechanism the entire length of the train. If a screw or lever is used, the
cone will only need to be drawn back half an inch or so; if a spring is
applied, it may require more, say, three or four inches, to help the spring with
the impetus. The cones coming together, the friction stops the wheels. The
cones may be made of any suitable substance. It is intended to have a break
on both ends of the axle, and the same movement of the screws acts at once
on both breaks in putting them in and out of;
gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAMP PRESSES, AND STAMPS USED THEREWITH
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexis Eugène Duchateau at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th September 1856.
I, ALEXIS EUGÈNE DUCHATEAU, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of
45, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STAMP PRESSES, AND STAMPS USED THEREWITH,"
to be as follows, and consists, firstly, in making presses in such a manner that
the stamp containing the figures or letters is inked by the elevation of the
lever of the press, which has attached to it and the inking roller other small
levers, so that the roller is caused to pass under the stamp, and by depressing
the said lever the roller is withdrawn, and the stamp forced upon the
&c. to be impressed, by the lever coming in contact with the
works in a suitable cylinder attached to the frame of the press.
contains a spring, which causes the stamp to assume a proper position for
inking.
paper,
stamp, which
This cylinder
And, secondly, in making the stamp in such a manner that the figures or
letters therein can be altered by a self-acting motion, or at will, at every inking
of the stamp. This is accomplished by having four circles of figures or
letters (more or less may be used), which may be called the unit, tens,
hundreds, and thousands circles, having inscribed on each figures from 0 to 9.
These circles are placed on a small spindle in the stamp, & are held by a catch
or otherwise.

page_text: The self-acting is accomplished by fixing to the inking roller a catch, which
when it moves to and fro under the stamp operates a lever working a ratchet
wheel, which is attached to the unit circle, causing it to revolve, and every
revolution of the said unit circle causes in a similar manner the tens circle to
move one figure, and every revolution of the tens circle causes the hundreds
circle to move a figure, and every revolution of the hundreds circle causes the
thousands circle to move a figure, & so on, according to the number of circles
employed.
Besides the circle of figures mentioned, letters may be engraved on the flat
part of the stamp, and there will be always 4 figures, (if 4 circles are used,)
level with the said flat part.
These said alterations may be acomplished at will, by ungearing the catch
on the roller and operating the lever by hand.
This stamp can be attached to a small handle, similar to letter-stamp
handles, & operated in all its movements by hand.
A SAPETY SOUNDING APPARATUS OR ALARUM FOR SAILING SHIPS AND STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McIntyre at the Office of the
Commissioners of l'atents, with his Petition, on the 26th December
1856.
I, JCHN MCINTYRE, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SAPETY SOUNDING
APPARATUS OR ALARUM FOR SAILING SHIPS AND STEAM VESSELS," to be -as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of safety alarum apparatus
to be applied to sailing and steam vessels for the purpose of giving notice of
the approach of sand banks, rocks, reefs, or other dangerous obstructions; and
consists in the employment of rods of any suitable material, which are let
down through the ship's bottom, the openings being rendered water-tight by
enclosing the rods in a small maleable metal tube suitably packed. These
rods project some distance below the keel of the vessel, and are jointed at
their lower ends, to which jointed part is connected a wire or any suitable
material. This wire passes water-tight through the ship's bottom, and is con-
nected to an alarum apparatus of any convenient construction, placed in the
captain's cabin, or in any other desirable part of the ship. The entire appa-
ratus, which is of very simple construction, is so arranged as to be capable of
being taken upon deck at pleasure, so as to leave no projection beyond the
ship's bottom.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING COMMUNICATIONS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weightman Harrison at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1856.
I, CHARLES WEIGHTMAN HARRISON, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING COMMUNICATIONS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in conveying or facilitating the passage of sound within
or through speaking tubes or pipes, by the admission therein of a current of air,
vapour, or gas, produced or impelled by any suitable arrangement or mechanical
contrivance; in regulating or cutting off the passage of sound, or currents of
air, in speaking tubes or pipes, by means of taps or other suitable mechanical
in the employment of cylinders, of any suitable form, in connection
with speaking tubes or pipes, for the purpose of receiving or collecting sound;
in constructing speaking tubes or pipes with flexible apertures or mouths; and
in varnishing or glazing the interior of speaking tubes or pipes to render them
smooth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CON- STRUCTING AND ARRANGING FLUES FOR THE PASSAGE OF AIR OR SMOKE
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Ogilvy Boyd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1856.
I, DAVID OGILVY BOYD, of 78, Welbeck Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CON-
STRUCTING AND ARRANGING FLUES FOR THE PASSAGE OF AIR OR SMOKE," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved method of arranging air flues to
supply fresh air to or withdraw vitiated air from each of the rooms of a house,
and the Invention consists in constructing the partition between two smoke
flues of bricks of clay, iron, or other material, having passages through them,
in such a manner, that when laid one on another, in building the partition, the
passages in the bricks range, so as to form an air flue between the two smoke
flues. The Invention also consists in the use of iron bricks having passages
through them for forming, as above described, air or smoke flues or passages.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CARVING FORKS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cave Wilkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1856.
I, CHARLES CAVE WILKINSON, of 14, Hermes Street, Pentonville, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CARVING
FORKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in carving forks, and con-
sists of applying to the stems of such forks, and in recesses or slots therein
formed, sharpening discs or plates, intersecting each other, so as to form suitablo
angles between them to receive the edges of carving or other knives. The
most convenient arrangement for carrying out my Invention is to form a recess
or hollow in the stem of a carving fork at or near where the guard is
attached to such stem, and to place in such recess or hollow series of circular
steel discs so arranged on axes as to intersect each other, and suitably formed
to produce a knife sharpener, as is well understood, and to which separately
no claim is made; or, in place of discs, other forms of intersecting sharpening
plates may be used, and the parts may be so arranged that the knife sharpener
may be covered by the guard when it is shut, and when open the guard may
form a support and guide for the back of the knife, as its edge is drawn
through the angle formed between the parts of the knife sharpener. The
position of the knife sharpener, with respect to the folding guard of a carving
fork, may however be varied.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PENHOLDERS, HANDLES, KNOBS, FINGER PLATES, AND UMBRELLA AND PARASOL FURNITURE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barnet Solomon Cohen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th March 1856.
I, BARNET SOLOMON COHEN, of 9, Magdalen Row, Great Prescot Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PENHOLDERS, HANDLES, KNOBS, FINGER
PLATES, AND UMBRELLA AND PARASOL FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the application of fuller's earth in the
manufacture of penholders, handles, knobs, finger plates, and umbrella and
parasol furniture; for which purpose the fuller's earth is ground with water,
and rendered into a plastic state, and when desired is mixed with coloring or
other matters to produce different effects, and the same is then moulded or
formed by pressure in or by moulds or dies. The articles are then fired
or burned in kilns or ovens.
IMPROVEшLIENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHILDREN'S CHAIRS
Year: 1856

page_text: received
rotectio
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Dwyer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December 1856.
I, EDMUND DWYER, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Accountant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEшLIENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CHILDREN'S CHAIRS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in constructing chairs for the use of children, in
such a manner as to serve several purposes. One chair being made of the
usual form, or with a suitably arranged seat having a flap shutting down with
a spring, I arrange a second chair to combine with it, the legs of which are
set on and fixed to a board, the right and left hand sides being boxed, or
may be flanged with single wood slabs, so that when raised on the arms of the
first chair they may clip and hold the raised chair secure; and it may also be
secured to the back by a spring or a screw; the top part of the back of the
second chair is made to spring down on its arms, and is held there by elastic
or other suitable fastenings; the seat is also flapped. This construction enables
it to be turned upside down, and when brought in front of the first chair it
forms a table, and is fastened thereto by elastic bands or other means, the
flapped seat leaving room for the feet. Or, the second chair, by means of
castors fastened to the bottom board, can be used as a go-cart or invalid chair,
and when so used, a rail in front, moving on a pin, connects the ends of the
two arms, and is there secured.
AN IMPROVED INK FOR MARKING LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE CASE OR HOLDER FOR CONTAINING THE SAME, AND THE IMPLEMENTS TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Bufton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1856.
I, EDWARD BUFTON, of No. 122, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Pharmaceutical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "AN IMPROVED INK FOR MARKING LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE
CASE OR HOLDER FOR CONTAINING THE SAME, AND THE IMPLEMENTS TO BE USED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
As regards the first part of this Invention, of an improved ink, it consists in
combining a salt of platinum with silver metal, in the manufacture of an
indelible marking ink for marking linen and other fabrics; I also add a por-
tion of bichloride of platinum, which I obtain in the usual chemical way. And
as regards the case or holder for containing the same, the improvement
consists in so constructing the same, as that the part which contains the ink,
as also the bone or quill, nibs, or other marking implements, and the holder,
slides within an outer case or cover, open at both ends.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN RANGES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Jones, William Broad
Rowe, and William Perrins at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th February 1856.
We, MOSES JONES, WILLIAM BROAD ROWE, and WILLIAM PERRINS, all
of Broad Street, in the City of Worcester, Manufacturing Ironmongers, and
Copartners, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN RANGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in ranges, and is
applicable, where two ovens are constructed to a range, one above the other.
The improvement consists in causing the heat and products from the fire
of the range to pass over the upper oven, then to descend and to pass under
the lower oven, then to ascend and pass between the two ovens, and away by
a suitable flue into the chimney; or, in place of passing under the lower oven,
before passing between the two ovens, they may pass between the two ovens
before passing under the lower one.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CASTING IRON AND OTHER METAL
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Adcock at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January 1856.
I, HENRY ADCOCK, of the City Road, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CASTING IRON AND OTHER METAL" to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in casting iron and other
metals; and consists in employing highly heated moulds, and in causing such
moulds to be heated in the following manner :-Sand moulds are to be made
in the ordinary manner, and then placed in an oven or muffle, but at some
inches above the bottom of such oven or muffle, so that the drying may be by
the moulds being heated on all sides and at the bottom by the heated air in
the oven or muffle. After the drying process has been carried on sufficiently
long for the moulds to be gradually dried, and the moisture dispersed from
them, the fire is to be increased, until the moulds are brought to a very high
degree of heat; the iron or other metal is run into the moulds, and then the
oven or muffle, together with the moulds and castings therein, are to be allowed
to cool down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS OR SHOES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January 1856.
-A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS OR SHOES," com-
municated to me by H. M. Gillon, junior, of Sezanne, in France, to be as
follows:-
I propose to form boots or shoes (the boots termed half boots are those
principally.to be made by this Invention) without seam, by cutting cloth into
pieces, whipping these pieces together, and then placing them on a camber of
the usual form; they are then flattened down, and a light coating of paste or
size, to give consistence, is spread over; this done, another piece of cloth or
other stuff is added; the sides are then sewn together, which will give the
whole the form of a half boot. The outer stuff (leather or other) is then
stretched over all and nailed to the last; the whole is then sewn (with a
tailor's needle) together, in the manner cloth clothes are sewn. This done,"
the boot is taken from the last; the sides remaining unsewn form the eyelet
parts, into which the eyelets for lacing are placed; it is afterwards treated in
the ordinary manner, and forms a boot without a seam.