IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO METALLIO MAQUINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME:
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Browning, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO METALLIO
MAQUINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME:'
و"
Sealed the Sth April 1864, and dated the 12th October 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Browning at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1863.
THOMAS BROWNING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature for the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. APPLICABLE TO
METALLIC CASES AND THE MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME," to be
as follows (that is to say):
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in metallic casks;,
and in the apparatus to facilitate the manufacture of the same, and consists in
making. the casks in two parts for the purpose of facilitating the securing of
the ends against leakage from the inside, and connecting the two parts together:
by an internal dowel, ring; or hoop, on to which the two open. ends of the
cask are slipped where they are secured by soldering and wrought-iron hoops>
on the exterior of the body of the cask immediately above the internal hoop;
and the body of this improved cask is formed of metal corrugated: between
the centre hoops and the ends of the cask for the purpose of strength. Each
end of the cask is fitted with a chine hoop for the purpose of strength, and the
ends are corrugated or embossed with a pattern for the purpose of giving
Prim 81

page_text: rigidity thereto. The centre joint for attaching the two portions of the cask
may be constructed by rolling the same to the required shape to form a
socket joint, so that one portion of the edge of the sheet of which the cask
is formed will take into the open end of the counterpart, in rear of which
socket it is preferred to form an annular recess into which the overhanging
edge may be turned, and into which the solder is run, by which means a
perfect joint is insured, and the recess may be partially filled previous to
soldering by a ring of metallic wire, or an india-rubber or other elastic
packing may be used in place of soldering, and which joint may be covered
by an external hoop, if deemed advisable.
The portion of the apparatus used for cutting the sheets of iron or other
metal of which the casks are to be formed consists of a table with a knife
secured to the edge thereof, and fitted with a revolving circular cutter
traversing horizontally upon the stationary knife. This table is also fitted
with guages to enable the metallic sheets being cut with accuracy of any
required length or width.
The edges of the metallic sheets are turned up for seaming by means of
an iron frame with a steel top plate fitted with a guage and a metal jaw on
pivots worked by a lever, which grasps the sheet, and by means of a roller
which rises turning the sheet upon the top plate, and thus making the
required edge any length or width desired.
The corrugation or embossing of the sheets of which the casks are formed
is performed by means of a pair of fluted or other suitably formed rollers
mounted in framework, and fitted with adjusting screws for regulating the
pressure to be exerted on the sheets operated upon.
The grooving or sinking down the edge of the body of the cask is performed
by the aid of a pair of rollers turned up to the required form mounted in
suitable framework, and fitted with adjustable pressure screws or weighted
levers.
The painting of the casks externally and internally before the two partsare
jointed together is accomplished by means of brushes, which have a reciprocating
motion given thereto by crank or cam motions, or their mechanical equivalent,
the casks or parts thereof being rotated in contact with the brushes; or the
cask or parts thereof may be held stationary, and the brushes caused to have
a rotating motion round the internal and external surfaces of the vessel as
well as the reciprocating motion in the direction of the axis of the cask.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.
filed by the said Thomas Browning in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BROWNING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of October,in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Browning, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Browning,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Browning, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO METALLIC CASKS AND THE MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE
BAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas
Browning, my executors or administrators by an instrument in writing under
my or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Browning, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, (that is to say):-
This my said Invention has for its object certain improvements in
metallic casks, and in the apparatus to facilitate the manufacture of the
same, and consists in making the casks in two parts for the purpose of
facilitating the securing of the ends against leakage from the inside, and
connecting the two parts together by an internal dowel, ring, or hoop, on
to which the two open ends of the casks are shipped, where they are
secured by soldering and wrought iron hoops on the exterior of the body of
the cask, immediately above the internal hoops; and the body of this my
improved cask I form of metal corrugated between the centre hoops and
the end of the cask for the purpose of strength. Each end of the cask I

page_text: fit with a chine hoop for the purpose of strength, and the ends I corrugated
or embossed with a pattern for the purpose of giving rigidity thereto. The
centre joint for attaching the two portions of the cask may be contracted
by rolling the same to the required shape to form a socket joint, so that
one portion of the edge of the sheet of which the cask is formed will take into
the open end of the counterpart, in rear of which socket I prefer to form an
annular recess into which theoverhanging edge may be turned, and into which
the solder is run, by which means a perfect joint is insured, and the recess
may be partially filled previous to soldering by a ring of metallic wire, or
india-rubber or other elastic packing may be used in place of soldering,
which joint may be covered by an external hoop, if deemed advisable.
The portion of the apparatus used for cutting the sheets of iron or other
metal of which the casks are to be formed consists of a table with a knife
secured to the edge thereof, and fitted with a revolving circular cutter
traversing horizontally upon the stationary knife. The table is also fitted
with guages to enable the metallic sheets being cut with accuracy of any
required length or width. The cutting table may be so arranged as to cut
segments as herein-after described.
The edges of the metallic sheets are turned up for seaming by means of
an iron frame with a steel top plate fitted with a guage and a metal jaw on
pivots worked by a lever which grasps the sheet and by means of a roller
which rises turning the sheet upon the top plate, and thus making the
required edge any length or width desired.
The corrugation or embossing of the sheets from which the casks are
formed I perform by means of a pair of fluted or other suitably formed
rollers mounted in framework, and fitted with adjusting screws for
regulating the pressure to be exerted on the sheets operated upon.
The grooving or sinking of the body of the cask I perform by the aid of
a pair of rollers turned up to the required form mounted in suitable
framework, and fitted with adjustable pressure screws or weighted levers.
The painting of the casks externally and internally before the two parts
are jointed together I accomplish by means of brushes, which have a
reciprocating motion given thereto by crank or cam motion, or their
mechanical equivalents, the cask or parts thereof being rotated in contact with
the brushes, or the casks or parts thereof may be held stationary; and the brushes
caused to have a rotatory motion round the internal and external surfaces of the
vessel as well as the reciprocating motion in the direction of the axis of the cask.
That this my said Invention may be more readily seen and understood
have hereunto annexed Drawings in illustration of my improved metallic

page_text: casks and the machinery I use in the manufacture of the same. Like letters
and figures marked on the Drawings are used to denote similar parts.
Figure 1 (Sheet One) is a side elevation of one of my improved metallic cask
having the annular corrugations of equal diameter. Figure 2 (Sheet One) is
a side elevation and end view of one of my improved metallic casks of increased
diameter of bilge. Figure 3 (Sheet One) is a side elevation and a vertical
section, taken from a to b, of a parallel-sided cask with longitudinal flutes.
Figure 4 (Sheet Ono) is a partial longitudinal section of one end of one of my
metallic casks shewing the mode of inserting the head from the inside, and the
application of the external hoop and the internal ring for strengthening the
chine. Figure 5 (Sheet One) represents one mode of joining the two ends of
the casks together by means of a double-hooked joint. Figure 6 (Sheet One)
illustrates another system for connecting the two ends of the casks together
by means of a cylindrical annular groove containing a packing of soft metal,
india-rubber, or other suitable material. Figure 7 (Sheet One) exhibits a
system of gutter joint for attaching the ends of the two portions of the casks
together. Figure 8 (Sheet One) shews a system of bayonet and gutter
joint for the like purpoɛe. Figure 9 (Sheet One) exhibits another system
for jointing the two ends of the casks together.
A, the body of the casks, which is first formed in two pieces and jointed
together at the centre by any of the jointings illustrated by Figures 5, 6, 7, S
or 9; B, the head of the casks, which consists of a disk of metal having an
annular flange projecting outwards and curved slightly inwards, and which is
inserted from the inside previous to jointing the two portions of the body of
the casks together; C is an internal annular strengthening hoop or ring of
metal, and D an external protecting hoop. The heads of the casks are secured
in position by soldering from the inside and by E rivets, which pass through
the internal metal ring and the external flanch on the head of the cask the
chine of the cask, and the external protecting hoop D. F, short pipe,
through the orifice of which the cask is filled and discharged, and which
may be closed by a screwed cap, cork, or in any other convenient manner.
In constructing the hooked joint represented by Figure 5, the edge of one
half of the body of the cask is rolled or otherwise formed so as to resemble the
section G, and the counterhalf represents G¹ which is bedded in H an
internal metal ring or hoop, the edge G then turned up into the position
shewn by the dotted line and forced on the internal ring H; the hooked edge
of G is then haminered, rolled, or otherwise forced in the hook of G¹; the joint
is then covered by the external metallics hoop I, which is heated for the pur-

page_text: pose of enlargement, and allow it to shrink in cooling to fill the recess
formed by the cranks of the two ends of the casks G and G'.
The joint illustrated by Figure 6 is made by rolling or working a'round
on one half and a hollow on the other half of the casks, and inserting a
ring of soft metal, india-rubber, or other suitable material, 'turning of the
edge of the half of the cask containing the round, then turning it down
over the packing, the two parts are securely soldered together. When
additional strength is required I use J an internal annular ring, which is
grooved to receive the hollow, and K is an external ring grooved internally
to receive the round, which I heat and shrink on.
The double hollow joint represented by Figure 7 resembles the foregoing,
except it is formed with two hollows in place of a hollow and round, and
which may be hooped in a similar manner as that shewn at Figure 6.
In forming the joint represented by Figure S'the right-hand half of the
cask marked G' is formed with an annular groove similar to those illustrated
in Figure 6 and 7, but is provided with a m, 'row of short-headed studs, and the
the other half of the casks G is formed with n, a number of slits, which turn
at the bottom at a right angle, and correspond to the number of the studs (m).
In this case the two parts of the casks are attached together by forcing the
halt (G), on the edge of which are formed the slits (2), on the half G¹.until
the studs arrive at the bottom of the slits, when it is turned round until the
studs arrive at the end of the angle, when the outer edge of (G) is turned
into a groove formed in G¹, where it is secured by means of soldering.
The joint illustrated by Figure 9 consists of a double row of studs on
one half of the casks, and corresponding angular slits on the other, and
when locked is held in position by an internal and external ring which
cover the joint, and may be further secured by soldering.
I will now proceed to describe the apparatus I use for producing the
various parts required in the manufacture and painting of my improved
metallic casks by aid of the Drawings on Sheet 2.
Figure 10 (Sheet 2) represents side, end elevation, and plan of a machine
for cutting the metallic sheets for forming my improved casks.
a is the table and franie; b, arms on each side of the table, between which
extends c a stationary bar, on the front of which is formed a nut, through
which works k a screw, the lower end of which carries j, a long pressing
jaw, which extends across the table for holding securedly thereon the metal
plate to be cut; d, a stationary cutter secured to the edge of the top of the
table; e, travelling cutting wheel, which is mounted in f, travelling carriage,

page_text: which has a reciprocating motion imparted thereto by means of g, a horizontal
rack bar, which has motion imparted thereto by means of a crank handle
through ha toothed wheel; i, guage plates secured to the table top by
means of set screws passed through the slots in the table top and frame.
In using this machine the guage plates are set to the required distance from
the cutting edge, the long jaw () is raised by the screw (k), one end of
the sheet of metal is then shipped under the jaw, and then brought up to the
guage bar, the jaw is then screwed down on to the plate, the cutting wheel is
then caused to travel along the edge of the stationary cutter by means of
the rack motion by which the superfluous portions of the sheet are cut off.
Figure 11 is side elevation of a machine which I use for cutting
segments or curves.
p, a standard frame, which carries q, an arm, which moves in the horizontal
plain, and is capable of being expanded and contracted by means of grips; r, a
set screw and nut, and which s, the sheet of metal to be cut by means oft, jaw
and set screws on the outer end of the fore arm; u and u are a pair of bevel
cutting wheels, which are mounted on horizontal shafts one above the other,
which have their bearings supported by v, and which have motion imparted
to them through w the handle, and a, a, driving wheels; y, a set screw for
regulating the pressure on the cutting wheels.
It is proposed to mount this apparatus on the table illustrated in Figure 10,
and affix the standards by means of set screws in the centre slot of the
table, so that the same may be adjusted to give the required radius.
Figure 12 is a front view and a side elevation of a machine for facilitating
the bending of the edge of the plates for forming the body of the casks.
A is the stationary frame, the top of which carries B, a stationary plate,
round which the sheets are bent; C, a jaw, which moves on D its axle, and
which causes the edge of the sheet of metal to be bent to be gripped between
its upper point and the under side of the stationary plate (B) by means of
E, an expanding screw; F, a guage bar, which is regulated by G, a set screw;
H, a transverse pressing roller, the axis of which revolves in slots formed in a
link rod placed at each end, turning on the same axis as the pressing jaw (C.)
The action of this machine is as follows:-The edge of the sheet of metal
is introduced between the moving jaw (C) and the under side of the stationary
plate (B), and brought in contact with the guage bar (F), the moving jaw is
forced upwards by means of the expanding screw (E), the metallic sheet is
then turned over the stationary plate (B) by hand, then the pressing roller (H)
is elevated, and caused to travel over the sheet to give the required set to
the bent sheet of metal, the pressing roller is then returned to its normal

page_text: position, the sheet is relieved from the pressing jaw by the action of the
screw E, and the sheet withdrawn.
Figure 13 represents a partial end and side elevation of the machine I use
for corrugating the sheets of metal for forming the bodies of the casks, which
consists of three corrugating rollers keyed on the ends of three parallel shafts,
of which two are placed one above the other, the third shaft being placed
midway between the two others. The roller shafts receive motion through a
driving wheel keyed on a short driving shaft, which receives motion from
a crank handle.
Figure 14 is a front and side elevation of a set of rollers which I use for
turning the metallic sheets for. the body of the cask so as to form the bilge
thereof, and which consists of three rollers revolving on fixed axles mounted.
on suitable framework.
This modification of this part of my apparatus is shewn consisting of three
rollers, two of which are formed with concave and one with a convex surface,
and which are actuated through a crank handle and suitable driving wheels,
and through which rollers I pass the sheets of metal which I use for forming
my bilged casks.
Figure 15 is a front end sidė elevation of a chuck machine which I use
for holding and rotating the half casks previous to joining them together
for the purpose of facilitating the cleaning and painting of the same.
A, a fixed frame, on which is mounted B, a revolving horizontal spindle, on
the outer end of which are secured C, three radial arms fitted with D,
sliding clutches, which are adjustable by means of E, set screws on the back
thereof, and also F, a sliding clutch, which is actuated by G, a set screw-
The axle on which the chuck arms are attached is actuated through a
crank handle and bevel gear.
In using this apparatus, the half or whole casks are held by means of
sliding clutches and screw clutch.
Figure 16 consists of a partial end and side elevation and partial plan of a
revolving brush apparatus for facilitating the cleaning and painting of the
casks, which consists of a cylindrical brush mounted on a horizontal spindle,
and is driven through a crank handle on a parallel driving shaft, which is
geared thereto by driving wheels on the reverse end of the shafts, and
which driving shaft and brush shaft are mounted on bearings in such a
way as to enable the driving shaft and brush shaft to be brought down so
as to immerse the brush in a vessel containing paint or other liquids.
The apparatus illustrated by Figures 15 and 16 are used as follows:-The
cask or half cask is placed in the chuck. machine, and is brought up to the

page_text: revolving brush in any convenient manner, the brush being charged with
cleaning liquid when the cask is to be cleaned, and with paint when to be
coated therewith. The apparatus being set in motion through the crank
handles the operation of cleaning and painting is thereby greatly facilitated.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and how I believe the same may be best carried into practical
effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise
details, relative dimensions, or proportions, as it will be readily seen that
the same may be considerably varied without departing from the Invention;
but what I claim is,―
First, the making and using of metallic casks, constructed substantially
in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth.
And, lastly, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of the
various parts of the apparatus used for the manufacture of metallic casks,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described
and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Browning, have hereunto set
my hand and affixed my seal, this Eleventh day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
THOMAS (L.S.) BROWNING.