AN IMPROVED ASPHALTE PAVEMENT AND METHOD OF FORM- ING THE SURFACE OF SUCH PAVEMENTS TO PREVENT THE SLIPPING OF HORSES THEREON.
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Wedderburn Granville, late of Mansfield
Chambers, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, but now of Arundel
Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED ASPHALTE PAVEMENT AND METHOD OF FORM-
ING THE SURFACE OF SUCH PAVEMENTS TO PREVENT THE SLIPPING OF HORSES
THEREON.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Wedderburn
. Granville at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 23rd October 1871.
I, CHARLES WEDDERBURN GRANVILLE, late of Mansfield Chambers,
St. Ann's Square, Manchester, but now of Arundel Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ASPHALTE PAVEMENT AND METHOD OF

page_text: FORMING THE SURFACE OF SUCH PAVEMENTS TO PREVENT THE SLIPPING OF HORSES
THEREON," to be as follows:-
:-
My said Invention relates first to an improved asphalte compound for
forming roads and other ways or thoroughfares, which is manufactured
and put down in the manner herein described. The said Invention also
relates to an improved method of forming the surface of asphalte
pavements.
The object of the said Invention is the production of a pavement
possessing all the advantages of a good asphalte pavement, but free
from the disadvantages arising from the slippery nature of the surfaces
of such pavements as heretofore made and the injury occasioned to
horses by their falling upon the same.
To make my improved compound I take ton parts by weight of
coal tar and add thereto forty-five parts of pulverized bitumen. These
substances are placed in a caldron, which is heated in any convenient 1
manner to about 300 degrees Fahrenheit, and the said substances are
left therein till they are thoroughly fused. I then add to tliem fifteen
parts of blue lias lime and thirty parts of pulverized iron ore. The
compound thus formed is continually stirred in the caldron by suitable
agitators, and in from one to two hours will be ready for use.
In laying down this improved compound I proceed as follows:-The
ground is first dug out to a depth of about five or six inches and
levelled; it is then covered to a depth of about three inches with a
cement composed of the following substances, viz.: sulphate of lime,
one part;. blue lias lime, three parts; sand and crushed stone, six parts; 2
and a sufficient quantity of water to slake the ingredients and bind the
mass together. This layer of cement must then- be levelled and well
rolled before it becomes hard. When hard a thickness of about one
inch of the aforesaid asphalte compound is spread over the cement and
compressed by rolling. When this layer of the compound is thoroughly
cooled another layer of about the same thickness is laid upon it, and
when about half cool the same is rolled with an apparatus which is
constructed as follows:-
The said apparatus is provided with a heavy roller heated and driven
by stcam. The periphery of this roller is formed with a series of
parallel grooves and ridges extending from end to end of the same.
As

page_text: the roller passes over the compound in the direction of the length of
the road or way these ridges and grooves leave their impressions thereon;
the surface of the pavement is thereby formed with a series of parallel
transverse grooves and ridges, which when the compound has cooled
will permanently set and harden, and will then form a sure foothold for
the horses, which will prevent them slipping as upon an ordinary
asphalte pavement, and which if a horse should fall thereon allows him
to quickly raise himself.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Wedderburn Granville in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23rd April 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
WEDDERBURN GRANVILLE, late of Mansfield Chambers, St. Ann's
Square, Manchester, but now of Arundel Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Merchant, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in
the thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Wedderburn Granville,
Her special licence that I, the said Charles Wedderburn Granville, my
exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles Wedderburn Granville, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED ASPHALTE Pavement
AND METHOD OF FORMING THE SURFACE OF SUCH PAVEMENTS TO PREVENT THE
SLIPPING OF HORSES THEREON," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Wedderburn Granville, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands

page_text: and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Wedderburn. Granville,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawing forming a part of this Specification.
My said Invention relates first to an improved asphalte compound for
forming roads and other ways or thoroughfares, which is manufactured
and put down in the manner herein described. The said Invention also
relates to an improved method of forming the surface of asphalte
pavements.
The object of the said Invention is the production of a pavement
possessing all the advantages of a good asphalte pavement, but free
from the disadvantages arising from the slippery nature of the surfaces
of such pavements as heretofore made and the injury occasioned to the
horses by their falling upon the same.
To make my improved compound I tako ten parts by weight of
coal tar and add thereto forty-five parts of pulverized bitumen. These
substances are placed in a caldron, which is heated in any convenient
manner to about 300 degrees Fahrenheit, and the said substances are
left therein till they are thoroughly fused. I then add to them fifteen
parts of blue lias lime and thirty parts of pulverized iron ore. The
compound thus formed is continually stirred in the caldron by suitable
agitators, and in from one to two hours will be ready for use.
I will now proceed to describe the manner of laying my improved
asphalte pavement and the formation of the surfaces of this and other
asphalta navamente according to my Invention
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a plan of a pavement made according to my Invention.
Figure 2 is a section of the same on the line x, x; Figure 1. Like
letters indicate the same parts in both of the Figures.
3

page_text: In constructing my pavement I proceed as follows:-The ground is
first dug out and levelled; it is then covered to a depth of about three
inches with a cement composed of the following substances, viz. :-
sulphate of lime, one part; blue lias lime,, three parts; sand and
crushed stone, six parts; and a sufficient quantity of water to slake the
ingredients and bind the mass together. This layer of cement must
then be levelled and well rolled before it becomes hard. When hard a
thickness of about one inch of the aforesaid asphalte compound is
spread over the cement and compressed by rolling. When this layer of
the compound' is thoroughly cooled another layer of about the same
thickness is laid upon, it, and when about half cool the same is rolled
or otherwise operated upon to produce the corrugated or grooved surface.
a is the cement and 6 the asphalte.
The apparatus I use for forming the grooves in the surface of the
pavement is provided with a heavy roller heated and driven by steam.
The periphery of this roller is formed with a series of parallel ribs
extending from end to end of the same. As the roller passes over the
compound in the direction of the length of the road or way these ribs
leave their impressions thereon; the surface of the pavement is thereby
formed with a series of parallel transverse grooves c, and when the
compound has cooled it will permanently set and harden with these
grooves in it, and they will form a sure foothold for the horses which
will prevent their slipping as upon an ordinary asphalte pavement, and
which if a horse should fall thereon allow him to quickly raise himself.
The grooves can be kept clear of dust and other matter by means of
suitable scrapers, and when the pavement wears down the grooves can
readily be renowed by re-passing the roller over the pavement.
Although I prefer to use the improved compound as above described
for forming my improved ridged or ribbed pavement, yet I wish it
understood that I do not limit myself thereto, but may use any other
similar compound which when in a semi-hard condition may be rolled in
the manner above described, and which will then harden and remain in
permanent ridges and grooves.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. A pavement consisting of the aforesaid compound and cement
laid in the manner specified.

page_text: Second. A pavement formed of the aforesaid compound or of a similar
compound or material with a grooved surface, as herein set forth for
the purpose specified.
Third. The method of forming the grooved surface of the said pave-
ment by passing over the same a ribbed roller, as herein set forth.
"
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Wedderburn Granville,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day
of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
savantuition
Witness,
W. J. LOWE.
CHARLES W. GRANVILLE. (L.S.)