New or Improved Tools and Apparatus for Abrading, Cutting, and Dressing or Polishing Stone, Metal, Wood, and other like Substances or Materials, and for Use in Tunnelling, Quarrying, Coal Getting, and similar Operations.
Year: 1888

page_text: New or Improved Tools and Apparatus for Abrading, Cutting, and
Dressing or Polishing Stone, Metal, Wood, and other like
Substances or Materials, and for Use in Tunnelling, Quarrying,
Coal Getting, and similar Operations.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention which has been communi-
cated to me from abroad by Emile Fabre and Auguste Tronche, both of Paris in the
Republic of France, Engineers, to be as follows:
-
This Invention relates to new or improved tools and apparatus hereinafter described
the said tools and apparatus being applicable to abrading cutting and channelling stone
or other minerals in mines, quarries, tunnels or other excavations or to abrading cutting
dressing or polishing blocks of granite, marble or other stones, metal, wood or other
substances or materials.
To produce an abrading action whereby a cut or channel may be made in any
hard material such as granite for example an abrading or cutting tool is formed
according to this invention by combining or agglomerating emery, sand, pounded glass
or other similar gritty material with a silicate of magnesia, metallic cements, clays or
other suitable binding agent. This compound is perforated with what my foreign
correspondent describes as micro-tubular perforations being oblique angled longitu-
dinal and transversal holes formed in the body of the tool to promote the abrading
action thereof and is moulded in suitable forms and baked in a kiln or otherwise. The
tools prepared with the abrading composition presenting perforations as herein before
described may be employed with advantage in any operations where an abrading or
similar action is required such as dressing and polishing marble, granite, metals,
glass or wood or for grinding or rasping wood in order to produce wood pulp for
use in the manufacture of paper, for example.
These abrading tools when employed for cutting hard rock in tunnelling for
example are carried by endless chains working on pulleys carried by a travelling
support which can be moved towards the face of the rock as the work progresses-

page_text: This travelling support is provided with two or more arms composed of thin plates
which carry the guide pulleys employed to hold the chains of cutting or abrading
tools up to the work. These pulleys are constructed with two steel discs centred on
the square ends of a steel pivot being secured in position on the pivots by countersunk
screws screwed into the latter. This pivot or centre is supported in a steel ring
arranged between the two discs composing the pulley and grooved on its periphery
so as to engage with a corresponding ridge in an eye or opening in the supporting
plates attached to the travelling support. This eye or opening is made slightly
elliptical in shape to admit of the introduction of the ring which is retained in
position by a set screw.
The chain is composed of links formed by single plates alternating with double
plates. The single plates are provided on one side with projections which enter the
space between the discs of the pulley and are connected to the links formed by two
plates by pins provided with square ends engaging with corresponding holes in the
plates being fixed by screws to the double plates but capable of turning freely in holes
in the ends of the single plates.
Cutting or abrading tools prepared as hereinbefore described or otherwise are fixed
between the double plates of the chain being secured in position by screws or other
suitable means. In cutting or tunnelling chalk, coal or other relatively soft substances
the cutting tools may be made of ordinary material such as steel but in tunnelling
cutting or polishing granite or other like hard substances the tools are preferably
composed of abrading material prepared as herein before described.
The machine being brought up to the face of the rock the chains carrying the
cutting or abrading tools are caused to travel over the guide pulleys by means of
motor pulleys on a shaft carried by the travelling support and the tools are thereby
caused to abrade or scrape away the rock and form grooves or channels therein being
moved into the cut as the work progresses by the supporting arms which together
with the guide pulleys being composed of thin steel plates as hereinbefore described
are enabled to enter the cut or channel behind the tools and hold the latter up to their
work.
111
0
T
1000

page_text: New or Improved Tools and Apparatus for Abrading, Cutting, and
Dressing or Polishing Stone, Metal, Wood, and other like
Substances or Materials, and for Use in Tunnelling, Quarrying,
Coal Getting, and similar Operations.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention which has been communi-
cated to me from abroad by Emile Fabre and Auguste Tronche both of Paris in
the Republic of France, Engineers and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to new or improved tools and apparatus hereinafter described
the said tools and apparatus being applicable to abrading, cutting and channelling
stone or other minerals in mines, quarries, tunnels or other excavations or to abrading
cutting and dressing or polishing blocks of granite, marble or other stones, metals,
wood or other substances or materials.
To produce an abrading action whereby a cut or channel may be made in any
hard material such as granite for example an abrading or cutting tool is formed-
According to this invention by combining or agglomerating emery, sand, pounded
glass or other similar gritty material such as corundum for example with a silicate of
magnesia, metallic cements, clays, or other suitable binding agent. This compound is
perforated with micro-tubular perforations, being obiique, angled longitudinal and
transversal holes or cells formed in the body of the tool as hereinafter described to
promote the abrading action thereof and is moulded in suitable forms and hardened by
being baked in a kiln or otherwise. These abrading tools when employed for cutting hard
rock in tunnelling for example are carried by endless chains as hereinafter described
the said chains working on pulleys carried by a travelling support which can be
moved towards the face of the rock as the work progresses.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the several
figures on the annexed sheet of drawings the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings represent respectively a side eleva-
tion and a plan of a machine or apparatus constructed according to this invention
the mechanism for operating the cutting tools being supported by two steel cheeks
or side plates B attached to a carriage A mounted on wheels R travelling on rails.
The steel plates B are made as thin as possible to enable them to enter the cut or
channel formed by the cutters and are firmly rivetted to the front end of the
carriage A at a a. The forward ends of these plates B carry discs C of peculiar
construction hereinafter more fully described with reference to Figure 3.
discs act as guide pulleys for two endless chains D which are also carried round
driving discs E fixed on a shaft F working in bearings supported by the carriage A and
These

page_text: receiving rotary motion by means of a grooved or other pulley G. This shaft F
works in brasses H sliding in guides in the side frames of the carriage A being
acted on by screws V in order to regulate the tension of the endless chains.
The mechanism for imparting motion to the apparatus may be of any ordinary or
suitable construction and may if found convenient be arranged on the binder part of
the frame of the carriage A so as to counterbalance the weight of the working or
cutting mechanism and other parts at the front of the apparatus which may be
provided with any desired number of cutters operating together or separately.
Figure 3 drawn to a larger scale represents the central part of one of the guide
pulleys C and a portion of the corresponding side plate B in horizontal section. This
guide pulley is composed of two circular steel plates b b centred on squares formed
on a central steel boss or pivot c being secured in position by countersunk screws v.
This central boss c is embraced by a steel ring d situated between the plates or
discs bb and presenting at its periphery an angular groove engaging with a corre-
sponding ridge or projection in an eye or opening in the plate B. This eye or opening
is made slightly elliptical in shape as indicated by the dotted lines in figure 1 to admit
of the introduction of the ring and boss which when placed in position are fixed by
means of a screw u. The central boss rotates in the ring d which acts as a bush or
bearing.
The chain D is composed of single and double links arranged alternately. The
construction of this chain is illustrated in elevation and transverse section in figures 4
and 5 drawn to a larger scale. The single links are formed by plates e which project
into the space between the plates bb figure 3 of the guide pulleys C and into the
groove of the driving pulleys E. The double links are formed by two plates ff¹
which are united on one each side of the single link upon squares on a ping being
secured by countersunk screws x. These pins are thus rigidly connected to the
plates forming the double links and turn in the plates forming the single links.
1
Between the plates f¹ of the double links are fixed cutting or abrading tools h
which act upon the material operated on. This tool is made of steel being sharpened
when required in operating on chalky rocks coal and other comparatively soft sub-
stances but for acting on granite or other hard materials the tool is preferably com-
posed of the composition or preparation herein-before referred to which is moulded to
the proper shape and perforated with the micro-tubular perforations. In any case the
tool is let into or supported by suitable recesses in the links and is fixed in position
by screws y. The action of this machine for forming vertical cuts or channels in the
face of the rock or other material will be readily understood by referring to the
drawing without further description.
The material employed to form the abrading tool or filing composition is composed
of a gritty substance such as corundum or emery, quartz, sand and the like mixed with
any suitable binding material such as silicate of magnesium or chloride of zinc for
example. The gritty substance may also consist of readily fusible glass mixed with a
hard strong glass or of fusible lava mixed with quartz or of hard ceramic or porcelain
paste or materials for example. Certain cements of great cohesive power or metallic
cements may be employed as the binding material especially when prepared without
heat.
The micro tubular form comprises a longitudinal and transverse oblique angled
perforation producing a rapid wearing action in the rubbing surface which is thus
prevented from becoming smooth and slippery and a maximum of useful abrading
action is secured. These perforations are produced in the material by means of wires
or pins of brass iron steel or other suitable material preferably of cylindro conical or
taper form and of from say about 3 to of an inch in thickness being arranged on
a suitable support so as to form a species of comb. When the material is in soft
or plastic condition the teeth of the comb being lubricated by dipping in linseed oil
for example are caused to penetrate the material in different directions or different
planes in such a manner as to cause the perforations to run in different directions and
form angles with or cross one another. This method is employed for making the per-
forations when the materials are subjected to a baking process but when the materials

page_text: and a binding material such as silicate of magnesium, metallic cements and the like
the said composition being provided with microtubular perforations and moulded to
the desired form and hardened by a compressing or baking process substantially as
hereinbefore described.
2. The arrangement of apparatus consisting of the endless chain D composed of
single and double links connected by pins and carrying cutting tools made of steel
or of the composition referred to in the preceding claiming clause the said apparatus
being employed for cutting grooves or channels in any desired planes or directions
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to figures 4 and 5 of the
accompanying drawings.
3. The general arrangement and construction of the tunnelling or quarrying
inachine comprising one or more frames composed of a thin plate B and an endless
chain D working on a guide pulley C and a driving pulley E all carried by a
support A mounted on wheels R and operating in the manner and for the purpose
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to figures 1, 2, and 3 of the
accompanying drawings.