ins or
Year: 1897

page_text: 5) most coke in jumps or large pieces.
All these advantages united in one combustible is an exception and the object of
my invention is to procure a substance which, added to combustibles of whatever
nature will give them the above mentioned qualities.
Of course, the composition of the combustibles to be extracarbonized, will regulate
the dose of extracarbon to be used, as well as the quantity of the different products to
be introduced into the extracarbon which I composed after the following data.
My product contains oxyde of iron; the action which it determines, very*
perceptibly modifies the combustion and smell which the combustibles send forth,.
but this smell and smoke are more particularly destroyed by the presence of carbonate
of magnesium (this substance is to be met with largely in dolomite) which an alkali,
excites such as lime, potash, soda, ammoniac, or their salts, during the combustion of
the matters to be burned.
The combustible substances which send forth most smell and sulphur are for the
greater part anthracite, different coals, fossil coal, peat, herbs or vegetable waste, and.
the like. Their use is little known on account of their serious disadvantages.
In order to obtain most calories, most brilliant gas light and most coke in large
lumps, I add to the aforesaid substances, those which follow: the hydrocarbons fluid
or liquid rendered pasty or concrete and which chemists class among the superior
series of organic bodies such as: cerotic acids, margaric, stearic, and others the
hydrurets of octyle undecyle, or palmityle (mineral oils generally) or any of the same.
series; the bodies of the aromatic series and turpentine in a word, whether they be
raw or mixed, acid or alkaline.
With these different substances I proceed as follows to the fabrication of extra-.
carbon in the following proportions.
In an open boiler fitted upon a furnace or heated by steam I put by degrees until
the water is nearly boiling:
1) The liquid or solid bodies of the superior series 2 to 18%
2) The hydrocarbons and other series of high density 98 to 82%
The above substances being liquified and about to boil I add in lowering the fire
the protoxide of iron successively and the dolomite both being thoroughly dried and
finely powdered by a dose of
bride of t
0 of

page_text: 4) dolomite or carbonate of magnesia 2 to 6%
5) alkaline liquid lime, soda or other substances used by soap boilers 6 to 12%
I continue to stir with force and pour in the alkaline liquid by small quantities
the stirring being continued till it gets cold which may be effected by any means
one may dispose of. When coaled down the mixture forms one mass and may be
preserved as such. In case of immediate use the cooling down is not necessary.
Thus prepared, the extracarbon may be mixed by hand or by mechanical means
and otherwise to the burning matters, provided that these matters have been
previously freed from any water they may contain either by heat, evaporation,
distillation or otherwise. .
The wash of mentioned desiccation may be applied to the manufacture of
aminoniac as the case may be.
The combustible matters already mentioned, dried, crushed and warm should be
mingled with the extracarbon which they will take up in proportions varying from
4 to 20% according to the wants and analysis. They will then possess the elements
for producing and after having added the dose of extracarbon
:
1) either the complete combustion without either smoke or disagreeable smell, that
is to say the increase of calorific power.
2) either the increase of the bulk of gas transformed into a brilliant gas.
3) either the coke resisting by the distillation or the burning in the coke-furnaces.
It is to be noted that the close-burning coals and cokes in dust blended with extra-
carbon supply by the distillation, excepting coke which is usefully employed in trade,
also reducers, which coming into contact with the heated oxides whether in a closed
vessel or open according to what is to be produced reducing these oxides in metals
which is separated from the gangue made fusible by a certain heating appropriate to
this effect.
One may produce at will by the extracarbon, lumps or bricks of first rate com-
bustibles intended for heating either for manufactories or private use by compressing
under several hundreds of atmospheres the mixture of substances to be burnt and of
the extracarbon we just mentioned but to which is added at the moment of com-
pression and in proportions varying of from 5 to 10% of coaltar, petroleum or schist
for sale everywhere.
One may still have recourse to a coating of silicate of whatever kind such as for
instance silicate of soda.
Well prepared and placed in the fire the extracarbon disengages about fourteen
thousand calories and yields a very high temperature.
It may therefore be used by way of combustible, but it is preferable to join it to
other inferior combustibles as already referred to above, for by the power of its
calorific force it intensifies the calorific force of the combustibles to which it is added
in the proportion which has been incorporated into it.
The distillation and reducing to coke not requiring the mixture with extracarbon
to be compressed in lumps or bricks, so likewise in this case the desiccation of the
substances to be distilled is not imposed to hold extracarbon.
The extracarbon composed as above renders the bodies of the superior series, the
aromatic series and turpentine uninflammable and inexplosive to the ordinary
temperature in addition to which the disengagement of the volatile matters thus
restrained is void.
Thus it is offered as a mass without any danger of exploding and burning in the
fire without any sputtering.
It may safely be handled.

page_text: Improvements in the Production of a Combustible Substance
adapted for Use with Fuel.
I, The COUNT ALBERT DILLON DE MICHEROUX, of 11, Rue Malmousque (Corniche),
Marseilles, France, Landlord, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a process for enriching coal and other fuel, and has for its
object to provide a substance composed of several ingredients which shall contain the
properties to mix with the gases of the burning fuel and to combine therewith the
necessary gases fit to reduce in metals the oxides of iron, lead, copper, zinc and other
metals.
It has been found that the best combustible material for manufacturing or other
purpose is the one that contains and throws off the least sulphur, the least smoke,
the most heat, the most light in the condensation of the gases and the most coke in
large lump or pieces.
My object is to provide a combustible containing these advantages and the invention
consists in a mixture composed of different ingredients, each of which contain
properties, the gases of which mix with the gases from the burning fuel to form a
gas, which in combustion, meets the requirements above stated.
The composition of the combustibles to be treated regulating the amount of the
mixture to be used, as well as the quantity of the different parts to be introduced into
the mixture which I compose after the following data :-
The first ingredient of the mixture is oxyde of iron which absorbs the sulphur,
ammonia and cyanides, I use it for this purpose that it may act either by absorption
or combination therewith, while ironsalts which possess the same properties are too
expensive and contain an acid.
The action of the oxyde of iron very perceptibly modifies the combustion and sinell
which the combustibles send forth, but this smell and smoke are more particularly
destroyed by the presence of carbonate of magnesium (this substance is to be met
with largely in dolomite) mixed with an alkali such as lime, potash, soda, ammonia,
or their salts, during the combustion of the matters to be burned.
The combustible substances which seud forth most smell and sulphur are for the
greater part anthracite, different coals, fossil coal, peat herbs or vegetable waste etc.,
and consequently their use is little known.
In order to obtain most calories, most brilliant gaslight and most coke in large
lumps, I add to the aforesaid substances, those which follow; the carbon compounds
fluid or liquid rendered pasty or concrete and which chemists class among the superior
series of organic bodies such as cerotic acids, margaric, oleic, stearic and others, the
hydrurets of octyle, undecyle, or palmityle (mineral oils generally) or any of the same
series; the bodies of the aromatic series such as turpentine, whether they be raw or
mixed with an acid or an alkali.
With these different substances I proceed as follows to the uniting of the ingredients
in the following proportions.
In an open boiler fitted upon a furnace or heated by steam I put by degrees until
the liquid is nearly boiling.
The liquid or solid bodies of the superior series 2 to 18%.
The hydrurets and other series in advanced compactness 98 to 82%.
'The above substances being liquified and about to boil I add in lowering the fire

page_text: the protoxide of iron successively and the dolomite, both being thoroughly dried and
finely powdered, in the proportion of protoxide of iron 2 to 8%.
Dolomite or carbonate of magnesia 2 to 6% alkaline liquid, lime, soda or other
substances used by soap boilers 6 to 12%.
I continue to stir the mass and pour in the alkaline liquid by small quantities, the
stirring being continued until the mixture cools when it forms one mass and may be
preserved as such. In case of immediate use the cooling is not necessary.
Thus prepared, the mixture may be added by hand or by mechanical means and
otherwise to the burning matters, provided that these matters have been previously
freed either by heat, evaporation, distillation or otherwise from the water or moisture
they may contain.
The wash of mentioned desiccation may be applied to the manufacture of ammonia
as the case may be.
The combustible matters already mentioned, dried crushed and warm should be
mingled with the mixture which they will take up in proportions varying from
4 to 20% according to the wants and analysis. They will then possess the elements
for producing either, the complete combustion without either smoke or disagreeable
smell, that is to say the increase of caloric power, the increase of the bulk of gas,
transformed into a brilliant gas, or the coke resisting by the distillation or the burning
in the coke furnaces.
It is to be noted that the close-burning coals and coke-dust mixed with the
mixture, supply when burning, the necessary caloric power which coming into
contact with the heated oxides whether in a closed vessel or open, according to what
is to be produced, reducing these oxides in metals which are separated from the
gangue inade fusible by a certain heating appropriate to this effect.
One may produce at will by the mixture bricks of combustibles intended for heating
either for manufactories or private use by compressing under several hundreds of
atmospheres the mixture of substances to be burnt and of the mixture, but to which
is added at the moment of compression and in proportions varying of from 5 to 10%,
coaltar petroleum or schist.
One may still have recourse to a coating of silicate of whatever kind such as for
instance silicate of soda.
Well prepared and placed in the fire the mixture disengages about fourteen
thousand calories and yields a very high temperature.
It may therefore be used as a combustible, but it is preferable to join it to other
inferior combustibles as already referred to above, for by the power of its calorific
force it intensifies the caloric force of the combustibles to which it is added in the
proportion to which it has been incorporated into it.
The mixture composed as above renders the bodies of the superior series, the
aromatic series and turpentines inflammable and inexplosive to the ordinary tem-
perature in addition to which the volatile matters thus restained is void, thereby it
can be offered as a mass without any danger of exploding and will burn without
sputtering.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1) A new combustible substance to use with fuel composed substantially as
described.
2) The process of enriching fuel which consists of eliminating the sulphur there-
from and adding thereto a hydrocarbon liquid of the superior series of the organic
bodies, such as cerotic acids and kindred solution and of the aromatic series, such as
⚫ turpentine, substantially as described.
3) As a new article of manufacture, a raw fuel combined with a mixture of iron-
salts or its equivalent having the property to eliminate the sulphur from the fuel,
substantially as described.
4) As a new article of manufacture, a raw fuel combined with a mixture of

page_text: ironsalts or its equivalent having the property to eliminate the sulphur from the fuel,
a hydrocarbon liquid and an aromatic liquid such as turpentine, substantially as
described.
Dated this 16th day of December 1897.
L. DUVINAGE,
Patent Agent, 8, Rue des Princes, Brussels, Belgium.