IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRANKED AXLES AND SHAPTS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,.
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRANKED AXLES AND SHAPTS."-A com-
munication from C. Russery.
Scaled the 7th April 1857, and dated the 6th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th November 1856.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRANKED AXLES AND SHAPTS" (com-
municated to me by C. Russery, a foreigner residing abroad), to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a method of manufacturing cranked axles and
shafts in which the iron is neither twisted nor cut. The iron is prepared
in suitable bundles or faggots. Additional iron pieces are welded on to
form each crank, and the cranks are shaped or stamped out by means of
stamps or plungers worked by a forge or steam hammer, and driven down into
counter moulds or matrices. The bars to compose the shaft may be either all
arranged longitudinally, or alternately longitudinally and transversely, and after
having been welded together are reheated and hammered into a cylindrical

page_text: shape, but in such manner as to leave bulging or projecting parts which are
scarfed or thinned, and on these parts are laid additional iron pieces or masses
to form the crank. The whole is then heated, welded, and united together,
and the cranks are formed by the stamps and moulds above mentioned.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her inost Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her. Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, IIer special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman my executors, administrators, and assigus, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRANKED AXLES
AND SHAFTS," (communicated to me by C. Russery, a foreigner residing
abroad,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar mouths next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in a method of manufacturing cranked axles and

page_text: shafts in which the iron is neither twisted nor cut. The iron is prepared in
suitable bundles or faggots, and additional pieces are welded on to form each
crank, and the cranks are shaped or stamped out by means of stamps or
plungers, worked by a forge or steam hammer, and driven down into counter
moulds or matrices. The bars to compose the shaft may be either all arranged
longitudinally, or alternately longitudinally and transversely, and after having
been welded together are reheated and hammered or rolled into a cylindrical
shape in such manner as to leave bulging or projecting parts which are scarfed
or thinned, and on these parts are laid additional pieces or masses of iron to
form the crank. The whole is then heated, welded, and united together, and
the cranks are formed by the stamps and moulds above mentioned.
The manner in which the Invention is carried into effect is represented in
the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 represents a bundle of bars (all of which are arranged longi.
tudinally, ready to be heated and welded; Figure 2 represents the same after
it has been welded, or welded and rolled, and shews also the projecting piece
which has been left on and shaped to the form shewn at C in Figure 3, which
is an end view of the shaft which is in course of formation, the rounded or
cylindrical portion being shewn in section. The dotted lines on the projecting
piece in Figure 2 are intended to indicate the directions of the fibres of the
iron. D (Figure 3) is a piece of iron which is subsequently welded upon the
part C to form the crank.
:
Figure 4 represents a plan view or face view of the stamp which is attached
to the hammer, and the form of which corresponds to that intended to be given
to the crank and to the axles near to the crank; or a number of such stamps
may be successively employed in forming a crank, and formed so that each
successive stamp approaches more and more nearly to the form to be ulti-
mately given to the crank, in order that the forging may be gradually brought
to its finished form. In every case the anvil has fitted into it a die, mould, or
matrix of the same form as the stamp employed in the hammer, or nearly so.
Figure 5 is a vertical section taken through the centre of one these dies or
matrices, shewing also a part of the stamp above it. H (Figures 4 and 5) re-
presents that portion of the stamp and die or matrix which shapes the space
into which the connecting rod passes. Figure 6 represents the axle finished. A
section through the line A, B, of this Figure would pass through the spaco just
mentioned, into which the connecting rod passes, and also through the cylin-
drical part G, to which the connecting rod is connected. E, E, are the exterior
parts of the crank; and F, F, the parts of the axle formed by the stamps and
dies

page_text: Figure 7 represents, in elevation, a steam hammer to which one of the
stamps above mentioned is fitted, and an anvil furnished with a corresponding
die. The stamp and die are represented in this Figure by dotted lines.
If it is desired to obtain a cranked axle or shaft still better than the one
the manufacture of which has been above described, the bars may be arranged
in the bundle as represented in Figure 8, in which the bars a, a, are laid
longitudinally, and the bars b, b, transversely; Figure 9 represents a transverse
section, shewing this arrangement. Stamps and dies like those shown in
Figures 10 and 11 may also be employed in forging cranked axles or shafts,
these stamps and dies being placed in the hammer and anvil respectively, and
used to form axles or shafts resembling that represented in plan view at
Figure 12.
The addition of a second piece of metal to form the crank is not essential,
as the necessary projection may be obtained by so working the welded bundle
beneath a hammer that that portion of the mass which has to be removed to
admit the connecting rod between the crank arms shall be beaten out to form
or to assist in forming the crank itself. By these means no portion of the metal
would be cut away, and the arrangement of the fibres of that portion which
formed the crank would not be seriously injured; and these are the chief objects
of this Invention.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the method of manufacturing cranked axles and shafts, by welding an
additional piece upon a projecting portion of an axle or shaft, and subsequently
shaping the crank and the parts of the axle adjacent to the crank by means of
stamps and dies, as herein-before described.
Second, the method of manufacturing cranked axles and shafts from masses
of metal which either have or have not additional pieces welded thereto by
means of stamps and dies, as herein-before described.
Third, the several methods of manufacturing cranked axles and shafts
herein-before described, and represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.