Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture or Production of Bleaching Powder.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 4th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 9th Jan., 1892
Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture or Production
of Bleaching Powder.
I, CARL KELLNER, Director of the Kellner-Partington-Paper-Pulp-Company,
Limited, Vienna, Austria, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to an improved process for the manufacture or production
of chloride of lime or bleaching powder and to apparatus for carrying the same
into practice.
The process consists in passing chlorine into an apparatus through which it flows
upward between trays or other obstacles that cause it to flow in a more or less
zigzag manner, whilst dried hydrate of lime in the form of powder passes through
the apparatus in a downward direction and consequently in the opposite direction
to that of the current of gas. By this means the chlorine combines with the
hydrate of lime, and chloride of lime or bleaching powder ready for use passes out
at the bottom of the apparatus.
Suitable apparatus for carrying out this process is illustrated in the accompanying
drawings in which
and
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view shewing the general arrangement of the apparatus ;
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through that part of it in which the combination of
the chlorine with the hydrate of lime takes place.
The chlorine supplied from a chlorine generator A, is first led through a washing
vessel B, and is then purified from any trace of hydrochloric acid that might have
been carried over with it by passing it through a tower C filled with small pieces
of manganese. From this tower the chlorine passes upward into the absorption
tower D. This tower is composed of a number of superposed circular shallow
dishes or trays (hereinafter called trays) of acid proof material, the bottoms of
which are each provided with a slit that is out of line with the slit of the next
lower tray, so that the ascending chlorine is forced to flow across each tray in
order to pass into the next higher one.
Extending centrally through the column of superposed trays is a vertical
shaft which is covered with lead or is protected in any other suitable manner
from the action of the chlorine. This shaft carries a number of horizontal stirring
arms u, of which there is one for each tray. The shaft is caused to rotate slowly
by suitable means, so that the dry calcium hydrate entering through the charging
hopper and between the feed rolls w¹ and into the absorption tower, falls down
slowly from tray to tray through the slits l', whilst the chlorine produced in the
generator, and washed, cooled and free from bydrochloric acid, ascends in the
contrary direction to the downwardly moving powder and converts the same into
chloride of lime or bleaching powder which leaves the absorption tower at the
lowest point x.
The calcium hydrate to be used for absorbing the chlorine should be of such a
dryness that if heated it would not lose more than about 20 to 22 % of water.
Where there are difficulties in the way of erecting high absorption towers, a
number of similar towers but of small height may be arranged one behind the
other and connected together in such a manner that they shall be traversed in
succession by the current of chlorine until the whole of the chlorine is absorbed
and none of it escapes out of the gas outlet y of the last apparatus.
If the chlorine generator and the chlorine-combining apparatus are of suitable

page_text: dimensions, the chlorine gas which continually flows out of the generator, will at
once and in an uninterrupted manner combine with the lime.
Dated this 18th day of November 1891.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture or Production
of Bleaching Powder.
I, CARL KELLNER, Director of the Kellner-Partington-Paper-Pulp-Company,
Limited, of IX. Wasagasse No. 29, Vienna, Austria, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved process for the manufacture or production
of chloride of lime or bleaching powder and to apparatus for carrying the same into
practice.
The process consists in passing chlorine into an apparatus through which it flows
upward between trays or other obstacles that cause it to flow in a more or less
zigzag manner, whilst dried hydrate of lime in the form of powder passes through
the apparatus in a downward direction and consequently in the opposite direction
to that of the current of gas. By this means the chlorine combines with the
hydrate of lime, and chloride of lime or bleaching powder ready for use passes out
at the bottom of the apparatus.
Suitable apparatus for carrying out this process is illustrated in the drawings
left with my Provisional Specification and in which
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view shewing the general arrangement of the apparatus;
and
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through that part of it in which the combination of
the chlorine with the hydrate of lime takes place.
The chlorine supplied from a chlorine generator A, is first led through a washing
vessel B, and is then purified from any trace of hydrochloric acid that might have
been carried over with it, by passing it through a tower C filled with small pieces
of manganese. From this tower the chlorine passes upward into the absorption
tower D. This tower is composed of a number of superposed circular shallow
dishes or trays (hereinafter called trays) of acid proof material, the bottoms
of which are each provided with a slit that is out of line with the slit of the
next lower tray, so that the ascending chlorine is forced to flow across each tray
in order to pass into the next higher one.
Extending centrally through the column of superposed trays is a vertical
shaft which is covered with lead or is protected in any other suitable manner
from the action of the chlorine. This shaft carries a number of horizontal stirring
arms u, of which there is one for each tray. The shaft is caused to rotate slowly
by suitable means, so that the dry calcium hydrate entering through the charging
hopper and between the feed rolls w¹ and w³ into the absorption tower, falls
down slowly from tray to tray through the slits ", whilst the chlorine produced in
the generator, and washed, cooled and free from hydrochloric acid, ascends in the
contrary direction to the downwardly moving powder and converts the same into
chloride of line or bleaching powder which leaves the absorption tower at the
lowest point a.
The calcium hydrate to be used for absorbing the chlorine should be of such a
dryness that if heated it would not lose more than about 20 to 22 % of water.
Where there are difficulties in the way of erecting high absorption towers, a
number of similar towers but of small height may be arranged one behind the

page_text: other and connected together in such a manner that they shall be traversed in
succession by the current of chlorine until the whole of the chlorine is absorbed
and none of it escapes out of the gas outlet y of the last apparatus.
If the chlorine generator and the chlorine-combining apparatus are of suitable
dimensions, the chlorine gas which continually flows out of the generator, will at
once and in an uninterrupted manner combine with the lime.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is =
1. The herein described process for the manufacture or production of bleaching
powder by causing dry hydrate of lime to fall in an intermittent manner through
an absorption apparatus composed of superposed trays having perforated bottoms,
and simultaneously subjecting said hydrate of lime to the action of chlorine that
enters the apparatus from below and Hows upward therethrough as set forth.
2. For carrying out the process referred to in Claim 1, an apparatus comprising
a number of superposed trays the uppermost of which is designed to receive dry
hydrate of lime, whilst chlorine flows into the lower cne, and a stirring apparatus
consisting of a rotary vertical shaft (t) with horizontal arms (u), adapted, when
rotated, to move the hydrate of lime and cause it to fall through slits in the
bottoms of the trays so that it is brought into contact with the ascending current of
chlorine substantially as herein described.
Dated this 4th day of December 1891.
C. KELLNER,
By L. W., per F. B.