CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AND IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HORIZONTAL FIN-EXPANDING CANOPY FOR CARRIAGES, BOATS, AND PLACES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Layzell Scowen, of Allen Road, Stoke
Newington, in the County of Middlesex, Canopy Maker, for the Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AND IN VARIOUS PARTS
OF THE HORIZONTAL FIN-EXPANDING CANOPY FOR CARRIAGES, BOATS, AND
PLACES.""
'Sealed the 7th October 1864, and dated the 15th April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Layzell Scowen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the..
15th April 1864.
I, THOMAS LAYZELL SCOWEN, of Allen Road, Stoke Newington, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AND IN VARIOUS PARTS OF:
THE HORIZONTAL FIN-EXPANDING CANOPY FOR CARRIAGES, BOATS, AND PLACES,'
be as follows:-
The stem or standard supporting the canopy for small carriages made in
one piece in lieu of jointed standards, as described in my Patent dated the:
16th April, 1857, No. 1078, and other stems to be made telescopick with
set screws. The head or centre of action where the ribs hinge. in to be made
in one piece with hole in the centre for the purpose of receiving the end of
stem in lieu of plates attached. A socket to attach to the carriage with.
the hole for the stem of canopy to pass through, and a set screw to socket to
fasten or hold the stem of canopy at any height required. Also a socket with
set screws having an action partially similar in effect to the universal joint to

page_text: admit of the canopy leaning forward or on either side, and a socket and ferrule
for jointed stem having corresponding clutches to prevent the stem turning
round, each part of stem being made fast, the one part to the socket the other
to the ferrule. The use of tubular or grooved ribs. The centre line or seam
of the two halves of the canopy cut slightly sloping. from the centre, so as to
cause the edges to bow down, with a cord in the edge to keep it firm and in
shape, in lieu of cutting angular slips out around the edges and seaming them
up, as described in the aforesaid Patent. The cover made in one piece with
a' slit from the centre to allow of the canopy folding. A canopy made in the
shape of a leaf.
T
ndomised that Lalaim the norts herein described only when
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Layzell Scowen in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th October 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
LAYZELL SCOWEN, of Allen Road, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex,
Canopy Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Thomas Layzell Scowen, Her special licence that I, the
said Thomas Layzell Scowen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Thomas Layzell Scowen, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AND
IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HORIZONTAL FIN-EXPANDING CANOPY FOR CARRIAGES,
BOATS, AND PLACES,' " upon the condition (amongst others) that I,, the said
Thomas Layzell Scowen, my executors or administrators, by an instrument.in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should, par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in

page_text: what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed.
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Layzell Scowen, do hereby.
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the-
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
7
The stem or standard supporting the canopy for small carriages made in.
one piece in lieu of jointed standards, as described in the above Patent,
and other stems to be made telescopick with set screws. The head or centre of,
action where the ribs hinge. in to be made in one piece with hole in the centre
for the purpose of receiving the end of stem in lieu of plates attached. A socket,
to attach to the carriage with the hole for the stem of canopy to pass through,
and a set screw to socket to fasten or hold the stem of canopy at any height
required. Also a socket with set screws, having an action partially similar in.
effect to the universal joint, to admit of the canopy leaning forward or on
either side. And a socket and ferrule for jointed stem, having corresponding
clutches to prevent the stem turning round, each part of stem being made fast,
the one part to the socket the other to the ferrule. The use of tubular or
grooved ribs. The centre line or scam of the two halves of the canopy cut
slightly sloping from the centre, so as to cause the edges to bow down, with
a cord in the edge to keep it firm and in shape, in lieu of cutting angular slips
out round' the edges and seaming them up, as described in the aforesaid Patent.
The cover made in one piece with a slit from the centre to edge to allow of
the canopy folding. A canopy made in the shape of a leaf.
And in order that the Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1 is a stem for small canopies in one piece; Fig. 2, telescopic stems;
Fig. 3, the head or centre of action where the ribs hinge in, cast in one piece.
with hole A to receive the end of stem; c, the rivet; the hole B to receive the
stem when such stem is required in the centre; Fig 4 is a vertical section of
socket with hole through for the stem to slide up or down, with set screws
to hold the stem at any required height; the inside of socket marked D, D, is
countersunk to allow the end of screw being made broad to prevent the
possibility of the screw coming entirely out; c, c, two of the four screws used
to fasten it on to the article it is intended for.
Fig. 5 a vertical section of socket for attaching to carriage or other article.
A, the stem; B, the set screw to hold the stem where required; c, the ball of
socket, having two pins in it p, p, working in two grooves e, e, placed for the

page_text: purpose of allowing the stem or ball-socket to lean at right angles only; s, s,
screw holes to fasten the two halves together.
Fig. 6, socket and ferrule for jointed stems, when such stems are made of
round material, having corresponding clutches or a sort of dovetail to prevent
the stem turning round in socket, each part of stem being made fast, the
bottom part to the socket by the rivet R, the top part to the ferrule by the
rivet S; P, a hole to receive a pin having an elastic band to prevent the top-
part of stem coming out of socket.
Fig. 7 shows two halves of a canopy cut sloping from the centre, so as to
cause the edge to bow down when made up with cord round the edge. The
dotted line shows a piece left on one half to form a lap when the two edges.
of the opening are hooked together; Fig. 8 shows the shape of cover when:
cut in one piece.
I would have it understood that I claim the parts herein described only.
when used in combination with "the horizontal fin-expanding canopy."
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Layzell Scowen, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
THOMAS LAYZELL SCOWEN. (L.S.)