Iм- PROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOLING FLUIDS, ESPECIALLY USEFUL IN DRY, DESTRUCTIVE, OR OTHER DISTILLATIONS, EVAPORATION, REFRIGERATION, AND THE GENERATION OF STEAM
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ambrose Coffey, of 32, Great Saint Helen's,
in the City of London, Consulting Engineer, for the Irvention of "Iм-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOLING FLUIDS, ESPECIALLY USEFUL IN
DRY, DESTRUCTIVE, OR OTHER DISTILLATIONS, EVAPORATION, REFRIGERATION,
AND THE GENERATION OF STEAM."
Sealed the 31st May 1867, and dated the 3rd December 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ambrose Coffey at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1866.
I, JOHN AMBROSE COFFEY, of 32, Great Saint Helen's, in the City of
London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOLING FLUIDS, ESPECIALLY
USEFUL IN DRY, DESTRUCTIVE, OR OTHER DISTILLATIONS, EVAPORATION, RE-
FRIGERATION, AND THE GENERATION OF STEAM," to be as follows:-
The improved apparatus consists of a bath or vessel supplied with zinc or
other metal capable of being melted by heat, or containing any other sub-
stance, such as sand, oils, superheated steam, or air, or mercury, which are
available as receivers and maintainers of heat; in this bath or vessel is
placed a coil or nest of pipes or arrangement of passages or tubes containing
oil, quicksilver, or hot air, or other mobile substance; from this a pipe or
duct proceeds to a nest or coil. of pipes or arrangement of passages or tubes,
or to a vessel or calorifier which is to be placed in a boiler or vessel con-

page_text: taining water, oil, or other thing to be heated, by which means the water, oil,
or other substance to be heated will be quickly and effectually raised in
temperature by reason of the even and thorough distribution of heat through
the whole mass to be heated. The bath and arrangements may be readily
made to raise and lower as occasion may require, and be heated by means of
a furnace or fire or other source of heat applied thereto; but when the
apparatus is to be used for cooling, the furnace or fire will not be needed, as
cold water, or cold liquid, or ice, or air will supply the place of the heating
medium. In lieu of the bath or vessel above mentioned a nest or coil or
arrangement of passages or tubes containing any of the heat receiving and
maintaining substances above referred may be placed in a chimney stack or
other heated place."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Ambrose Coffey in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd June 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
AMBROSE COFFEY, of 32, Great Saint Helen's, in the City of London, Consulting
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the
year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Ambrose Coffey, Her special licence that I; the said John Ambrose
Coffey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the, said
John Ambrose Coffey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might. make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS POE HEATING AND COOLING FLUIDS, ESPECIALLY USEFUL IN DRY,
DESTRUCTIVE, OR OTHER DISTILLATIONS, EVAPORATIONS, REFRIGERATION, AND THE
GENERATION OF STEAM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Ambrose Coffey, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same. to be

page_text: filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Ambrose Coffey, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement:-
The improved apparatus above mentioned consists of a bath or vessel supplied
with zinc or other metal capable of being melted by heat or supplied with any
other substance, such as sand, oils, superheated steam, or air, or mercury,
which are available as receivers and maintainers of heat; in this bath or
vessel is placed a coil or nest of pipes or arrangement of passages or tubes.
containing oil, quicksilver, or hot air, or other mobile substance; from this
a pipe or duct proceeds to a nest of pipes or concentric cells or passages, or
arrangement of passages or tubes or vessel or calorifier, which is to be placed
in a boiler or vessel containing water, oil, or other thing to be heated; or for
evaporation in a boiler or vessel with the head removed. By this means the
water, oil, or other substance to be heated will be quickly and effectually raised
in temperature by reason of the even and thorough distribution of the heat
through the whole mass to be heated. The bath and the arrangements referred
to may be raised or lowered in relative position as required, and be heated by
means of a furnace or fire or other source of heat applied thereto; but when
the apparatus is to be used for cooling, the furnace or fire will not be needed,
as cold water, or cold liquid, or ice, or air will supply the place of the heating
agent. In lieu of the bath or vessel above mentioned a nest or coil or
arrangement of passages or tubes containing any of the heat receiving and
maintaining substances above referred to may be placed in a chimney stack or
other heated place,
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

page_text: or passages D with the descending pipe F, which proceeds to and com-
municates with the aforesaid nest of pipes (B) in the furnace at the bottom
of such nest of pipes; G is a cistern or receptacle for oil, quicksilver,.or
other mobile substance useful in the generation of heat, this cistern or
receptacle being connected and communicating with the ascending pipe C
at ; the above arrangement being for supplying oil or quicksilver and so
forth to the concentric cells or passages (D), and the nest or coil of pipes B.
I and K are cocks for discharging (or stopping off as may be necessary) the
pipes H and F respectively, the last-mentioned cock (K) being sometimes
used in connection with a pump or other means of charging the apparatus
with oil, quicksilver, or other heating agent; and when it is desired that
the circulation of the heating agent should be increased in velocity and effect
beyond what will be effected by the arrangements herein-before described,
pumping action may be resorted to, and this should be applied by means of a
pipe from the pump connected to the pipe F immediately below the stop-
cock K, a cistern being placed at *, *, from which the pump draws its supply,
such cistern having another pipe proceeding from the same and connected to
the pipe F at x', another stop-cock being added to the pipe F at x2. When
the pumping action is to be resorted to the stop-cock K must be opened
and the stop-cock at x shut, and then the resulting action will be that the
heating agent is propelled with a greater velocity and power through and
from the nest or coil in the furnace, and through the concentric cells or
passages D into the part of the pipe F which is on that side of the stock-cock
at that is nearest to the boiler or heat distributor returning into the
cistern *,*; and by the recurrence of this action a complete circulation
will be continuously kept up. Whenever this pumping circulating action is
adopted the stop-cock (I) should be a three-way cock, so as to shut off the
communication with the cistern G and to let the air out of the apparatus.
It is obvious that when the pumping circulating system is resorted to that
the boiler or heat distributor may be raised or lowered in position as regards
the furnace, or placed in accordance with convenience whether in steam
vessels or on land. For evaporations it will simply be necessary to remove
the head of the vessel D*. For refrigeration the furnace may be dispensed
with, and a cistern with water, ice, or other matter substituted, and a pump
or fan used to drive water or air at the lowest convenient temperature into
the pipe C, and thence through the concentric cells or passages, and the
pipe F, where provision should be made for its discharge entirely away from
the suction of the force pump.
For sublimation or dry distillation, such as the distillation of pyrogallic acid,

page_text: the same arrangements are to be adopted as regards the furnace and nest or
coil of pipes (B), which, however, will in this case communicate by means
of the pipe L (shewn partly by dotted lines), which pipe enters the heat
chamber M and communicates with the concentric cells or passages N, from
which the oil, quicksilver, or heating agent will pass by the pipe O which
returns to the nest or coil of pipes B in similar manner to the pipe marked (F)
herein-before described, with which it corresponds; P is the receptacle for the
nut galls or other substance for sublimation, and Q denotes the usual trays
for containing the products of sublimation. For sublimation or dry distillation
the other arrangements herein-before described and shewn by the Drawing as
far as they are not referred to for the purpose of sublimation are not used when
carrying on that process.
.
For the destructive distillation of wood, coal, or other substances, I place
the concentric cells or passages in the furnace immediately above the fire
with moveable still heads or arms, one from the top of each of the concentric
cells or passages communicating in the ordinary way with a worm or con-
denser, a pipe or duct being provided at the bottom of each of the concentric cells
or passages for discharging the residuum from the distillation of the substances
employed, which substances are placed in the concentric cells or passages.
A pipe proceeding from the top of the vessel D* shews how the steam or heat
can be conveyed to the steam engine or for other requirements.
Having now particularly described the nature of the said Invention, and
ascertained in what manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare
that I claim the Invention of " Improved Apparatus for Heating and
Cooling Fluids, especially Useful in Dry, Destructive, or other Distillations,
Evaporations, Refrigeration, and the Generation of Steam," the nature and
character whereof is set forth in the outset of this Specification in and by the
words preceding the words "Description of the Drawings."
In witness whereof, I, the said John Ambrose Coffey, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER.
JOHN AMBROSE COFFEY. (L.S.)