An Improved Woven Multiple-ply Fabric.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 18th Sept., 1897
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An Improved Woven Multiple-ply Fabric.
I, JAMES BUCKLER, of No. 1227 West Somerset Street, Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania, United States of America, Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to woven multiple-ply fabrics, having reference more
especially to two-ply ingrain carpet, my object being to produce a thoroughly
bound fabric, free from pockets or unbound portions between the plies, and in
which the threads of one ply shall not appear on the face of the other
excepting when such threads are thrown thereto in the formation of a figure.
This result is attained by the crossing, in the interior of the fabric, of the warp-
threads of the respective plies; as will hereinafter appear.
In the accompanying drawing illustrating my improved woven two-ply fabric:-
Figure 1 is a diagram showing the binding by means of a single warp of each.
opposite ply or face.
Figure 2 is a like view in which the binding is effected by means of both warps
in each ply crossing each other in alternate succession.
Figure 3 shows another modification in which a supplemental weft-thread is
employed.
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the four warp-threads, whereby
the disposition of these threads in the fabric illustrated in the other figures may
be more readily understood.
In the ordinary mode of weaving two-ply fabrics, such as carpets, the pair of
figure-wefts are mated with the opposite pair of ground-wefts, and owing to the
manner in which the warps are usually operated, a figure-weft always appears
upon one face of the fabric while its ground-weft-mate always appears upon the
opposite face, and thus the fabric is usually woven with the mate-wefts opposite
each other, or in other words with a pair of figure-wefts side by side on one face
or ply of the fabric and the ground-wefts side by side on the other ply or back
of the fabric; the only variation possible being an alternation of this order due
to what is well known as a shot-about effect. In this usual mode of weaving
two-ply fabrics, and in all other modes as far as I know, each figure-weft is
always bound by a warp-thread of its own color, the four warps and the four wefts
being usually of the same colours, and the warp-threads are so operated that they
directly bind together opposite weft-threads, figure-wefts to figure-wefts and
ground-wefts to ground-wefts, by warp-threads corresponding thereto in ground
or figure colors; and this binding is not opposite each pair or each alternate pair
of weft-mates, but usually at long intervals, thereby forming "pockets," or spaces
between the faces of the fabric not bound or united together.
In carrying out my invention in one form thereof, the four warp-threads are
so disposed in the weaving that the pair of warp-threads of each ply or face binds
only its own pair of weft-threads on each face, one of the binding or warp threads
of one ply crossing the corresponding thread of the other ply in the interior of
the fabric at points directly intermediate opposite wefts of the respective plies;

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thereby effecting a uniform binding together of the two plies throughout the
length and breadth of the fabric. A fabric thus constructed is not only free from
pockets or unbound portions between the plies, but the threads of one ply
do not appear on the face of the opposite ply. Such a fabric is represented in
Figure 1 of the drawing, wherein A, B represents the respective plies, a, a¹ being
the warp-threads, and a², a³ the weft-threads of the upper ply, and b, b¹ being the
warp-threads and 62, 63 the weft-threads of 'the lower ply. It will be observed
that the warp-threads a and 6 of the respective plies are crossed upon each other
in the interior of the fabric with the effect above stated. This is attained by
moving the threads a and b laterally in opposite directions, during the weaving
of the fabric, one set of threads a being up and the other 6 down. The threads a
are then let down below the threads 6 whereupon the threads b are lifted, which
latter threads thus pass under the threads a and in consequence the warp-threads
are crossed. The weft-threads are shot into the succeeding sheds in the usual
manner. My improved fabric can be produced on multiple-ply ingrain carpet
looms by effecting a crossing of the warps as above described by any suitable
mechanical means heretofore known and used for analogous purposes.
In Figure 2 is represented a fabric in which the binding is effected by the
crossing of both pairs of opposite warp-threads, one thread of one pair with one
thread of the opposite pair, in alternate succession. This is attained by moving
both pairs a, b, and a¹, b¹ similarly to the single pair a, b in the above-described
method of manufacture.
If it is desired to use an additional weft-thread, that is to say, a thread differing
in color from the other wefts in the fabric, the same may be run or floated between
the crossing or tying points of the opposite warp-threads as indicated at c, and
may be thrown to either face of the fabric at any desired point or points thereon.
The invention above described is particularly applicable to plain or unfigured
two-ply fabrics with different coloured faces, say, one red and the other green,
in view of the fact that the warp of one ply will not appear on the face of the
opposite ply, which result, so far as I am aware, has never heretofore been
attained.
In the weaving of a figured fabric wherein the warp-threads of the respective
plies are crossed and bound together in the manner described, the figuring warp
of one ply is thrown onto the face of the opposite ply so as to effect the weaving
of the desired pattern, but such figuring warp at no other time appears upon the
opposite face of the fabric.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A woven multiple-ply fabric wherein the weft-threads of each ply are bound
into the fabric by its own warp-threads, the warp-threads of one ply being crossed
with those of another ply at points directly intermediate opposite wefts of the
respective plies, substantially as described.
2. A multiple-ply fabric wherein the weft-threads of each ply are bound into
the fabric by its own warp-threads, each one of the pair of warp-threads of one
ply being tied or bound into the fabric by the crossing thereon of one of the
warp-threads of the opposite ply in alternate succession and at points directly
intermediate opposite wefts of the respective plies, substantially as described.
3. A woven multiple-ply fabric wherein the weft-threads of each ply are bound
into the fabric by its own warp-threads, the warp-threads of one ply being crossed
with those of another ply at points directly intermediate opposite wefts of the
respective plies, and a supplemental weft-thread is run into the fabric, substan-
tially as described.
4. A two-ply fabric in which the weft-threads of each ply are bound into the
fabric by its own warp-threads, each one of the pair of warp-threads of one ply 5
being tied or bound into the fabric by the crossing thereon of one of the warp-
2

page_text: threads of the opposite ply or face in alternate succession and at points directly
intermediate opposite wefts of the respective plies, and a supplemental weft-thread
is run into the fabric between the faces thereof, substantially as described.
Dated the 5th dore of Tan 1897
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 and 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.