Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Aug., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1900-Accepted, 4th Aug., 1900
We, FRIEDRICH KELLER, Grand Ducal Surveyor and Architect, and ANDREAS
KEIL, Master Smith, both of Lampertheim, near Worms, in the Empire of
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
-
The present invention has for its object a plough with a rotary mould-board,
which is set in rotation during the progress of the plough through the rising
mass of earth.
•
It is known that the share and coulter in a plough have for their object the
cutting up or turning over and loosening of the rising earth in a horizontal
and vertical direction.
According to the present invention a newly arranged rotary multi-blade screw
body performs the, same work in place of the fixed immovable mould-board, only
with the essential difference that it also simultaneously effects a mixing and
cleansing of the ground to be cultivated which before had to be especially
performed by other field implements, such as the harrow and scarifier.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in various modes
of application. Figures 1, 2 and 3 showing its application in side elevation,
front view and plan to a left turning over steel plough. Figures 4 and 5 eleva-
tion and plan of a right turning-over double, furrow plough and Figure 6 a deep
cultivating plough for motor power.
Figures 7 and 8 show the new screw body separately in front and side elevations.,
As will be seen from the drawings, the new construction is distinguished from
all the known plough contrivances by the arrangement, shape and mode of action.
of the plough body proper.
This consists of the shareholder carrying the steel share proper a and of the
rotary multi-blade screw body c, which takes the place of the rigid mould-board.
The axle d of the screw body c has an inclination of about 30° to the horizontal
and is fixed underneath in a step e and above in an eye f of a bracket g.
The screw body proper consists of an upper and lower 5 pointed star h.
formed of a tempered casting or the like and attached to the shaft d, upon the
points of which star piece the concavo-convex helical blades i, etcetera which
are stamped out of sheet steel are riveted, and in such manner that they form
in .connection with one another a spiral rotary body widening from below towards
the top, which in the following specification will be designated the screw-
cultivator." This so-called screw-cultivator in an ordinary plough has a central
diameter of 30-40 centimetres. and a height of 45-50 centimetres, while it is
self-evident that these dimensions must be correspondingly increased for deep
cultivating ploughs. The fastening edge of the single blades etcetera
forms a helical line whose end relative to the beginning is displaced about a
quarter turn.
The inclined position of the screw-cultivator c is shown in Figure 2 and corre
sponds pretty nearly with the inclination of the furrow crest which is produced
by the improved cultivator in a surprising manner.

page_text: The right turning double furrowed-plough, represented in Figures 4 and 5 is
furnished with two of the plough bodies just described, which are relatively
displaced about the breadth of a furrow and arranged one behind the other on the
iron frame. The arrangement is such that two furrow combs, each from 25-27
centimetres in breadth and about 30 centimetres in depth can be turned up in
ploughing.
The whole iron frame, together with the plough bodies can be raised or lowered
as required, with the help of a lever k.
In order when ploughing to reduce the existing rubbing up to an unavoidable
mass during the cutting off proper of the earth crust, the whole plough is placed
on wheels. The remaining parts of this plough such as coulter, wheels, lever,
handles, etcetera, are taken for granted as known and therefore need not be
described in the specification.
The application of the screw-cultivators to a deep cultivating plough for motor
power, represented in Figure 6, which is provided on both ends with three screw
cultivators of the kind described, allows of the use of the steam plough tackle
mostly adopted in the double machine system of Fowler, Heucke, etc.
The single screw cultivators are for the purpose of this application made
correspondingly larger. They have a middle diameter of 90 centimetres and a
total height of 110 centimetres. The quicker the forward movement of the
plough, the more rapid is the rotation of the screw cultivators.
The deposition of the mass of earth during the working of a plough provided
with screw cultivators appears as if it had been worked with the spade.
Whole earth clods (as was formerly the case) are completely excluded.
A better structure is thus given to the ground and the growth of plants essen-
tially promoted, which of course leads to an increase of the harvest produce.
The new plough body can be adapted without any appreciable cost also to any
older or modern field plough, so that every farmer for correspondingly little
money can enjoy the advantages of the new construction. In the construction of
the screw cultivators it is to be noted that right turn ploughs require right-
threaded screw cultivators and left turn ploughs, left threaded screw cultivators.
In reference to other similar existing constructions, as for example the German
Patent No. 85252 and the American Patent No. 396,397, the present improved
arrangement is essentially different in that the rotary, multi-bladed, screw body c
of the present invention by means of the separate screw shaped helical blades i¹³
etc. which are set in rotation, effects a complete disintegration of the earth slices
cut off by the share and coulter, whilst in the two arrangements previously
mentioned only an entire rough broken furrow is made.
The new plough body is designed to take the place of the usual fixed mould
board so that this can be done away with. In the known constructions however
with rotary spiral knife or rotary arm a fixed mould board must be used for
setting up the furrow slices, which during the forward movement of the plough
are first roughly broken but not completely disintegrated and mixed.
In the new plough, by its forward movement the earth stream produced strikes
continually upon the concave surfaces of the screw cultivator blades, thus setting
the latter in rotation. During this rotation the convex forward motion of the
winged surfaces then effect a perfect shattering or disintegration and turning
over of the cut off furrow slices."
By entirely doing away with the mould board any stopping or sticking fast of
the rotating plough body, as is the case with the well-known similar constructions,
is completely avoided, as here the stream of earth can flow continuously and
regularly through the screw movement of the plough body and strikes directly
on the latter while in the old constructions the plough body was fixed too far
to the back and the stream of earth was only cut up by the helical knives or
pointed instruments and prongs.
None of the existing ploughs bring about such a working of the earth and
they therefore require the assistance of other field implements, such as the

page_text: harrow and scarifier, which are not required with the present improved plough,
as in consequence of the peculiar construction and mode of action of the screw
cultivator during the ploughing, the soil is simultaneously mixed and purified.
Dated this 3rd day of August 1899.
Improvements in Ploughs.
We, FRIEDRICH KELLER, Grand Ducal Surveyor and Architect, and ANDREAS,
KEIL, Master Smith, both of Lampertheim, near Worms, in the Empire of
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner.
the same
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The present invention has for its object a plough with a rotary mould-board,
which is set in rotation during the progress of the plough through the rising
mass of earth.
It is known that the share and coulter in a plough have for their object the
cutting up or turning over and loosening of the rising earth in a horizontal
and vertical direction.
According to the present invention a newly arranged rotary multi-blade screw
body performs the same work in place of the fixed immovable mould-board, only
with the essential difference that it also simultaneously effects a mixing and
cleansing of the ground to be cultivated which before had to be especially
performed by other field implements, such as the harrow and scarifier.
The invention is illustrated in the drawings accompanying the Provisional
Specification in various modes of application. Figures 1, 2 and 3 showing its
application in side elevation, front view and plan to a left turning over steel
plough. Figures 4 and 5 elevation and plan of a right turning-over double furrow
plough and Figure 6 a deep cultivating plough for motor power.
Figures 7 and 8 show the new screw body separately in front and side elevations..
As will be seen from the drawings, the new construction is distinguished from
all the known plough contrivances by the arrangement, shape and mode of action
of the plough body proper.
This consists of the shareholder 6 carrying the steel share proper a and of the
rotary multi-blade screw body c, which takes the place of the rigid mould-board.
The axle d of the screw body has an inclination of about 30° to the horizontal
and is fixed underneath in a step e and above in an eye f of a bracket g.
C
The screw body proper c consists of an upper and lower 5 pointed star h
formed of a tempered casting or the like and attached to the shaft d, upon the
points of which star piece the concavo-convex helical blades i, etcetera which
are stamped out of sheet steel are riveted, and in such a manner that they form
in connection with one another a spiral rotary body widening from below towards
the top, which in the following specification will be designated the screw-
cultivator." This so-called screw-cultivator in an ordinary plough has a central
diameter of 30-40 centimetres, and a height of 45-50 centimetres, while it is
self-evident that these dimensions must be correspondingly increased for deep
cultivating ploughs. The fastening edge of the single blades etcetera
forms a helical line whose end relative to the beginning is displaced about a
quarter turn.

page_text: The inclined position of the screw-cultivator c is shown in Figure 2 and corre-
sponds pretty nearly with the inclination of the furrow crest which is produced
by the improved cultivator in a surprising manner.
The right turning double furrowed-plough, represented in Figures 4 and 5 is
furnished with two of the plough bodies just described, which are relatively
displaced about the breadth of a furrow and arranged one behind the other on the
iron frame. The arrangement is such that two furrow combs, each from 25-27
centimetres in breadth and about 30 centimetres in depth can be turned up in
ploughing.
The whole iron frame, together with the plough bodies can be raised or lowered
as required, with the help of a lever k.
In order when ploughing to reduce the existing friction to an unavoidable
amount during the actual cutting off of the earth crust, the whole plough is
placed on wheels. The remaining parts of this plough such as coulter, wheels,
lever, handles, etcetera, are taken for granted as known and therefore need not
be described in the specification.
The application of the screw-cultivators to a deep cultivating plough for motor
power, represented in Figure 6, which is provided on both ends with three screw
cultivators of the kind described, allows of the use of the steam plough tackle
mostly adopted in the double machine system of Fowler, Heucke, etc.
The single screw cultivators are for the purpose of this application made corre-
spondingly larger. They have an average diameter of 90 centimetres and a total
height of 110 centimetres. The quicker the forward movement of the plough,
the more rapid is the rotation of the screw cultivators.
The deposition of the mass of earth during the working of a plough provided
with screw cultivators appears as if it had been worked with a spade.
Whole earth clods (as was formerly the case) are completely excluded.
The ground is thus put into better condition and the growth of plants essen-
tially promoted, which of course leads to an increase of the harvest produce.
The new plough body can be adapted without any appreciable cost also to
any old fashioned or modern field plough, so that every farmer for comparatively
little money can enjoy the advantages of the new construction. In the con-
struction of the screw cultivators it is to be noted that right turn ploughs
require right-threaded screw cultivators and left turn ploughs, left threaded screw
cultivators.
In reference to other similar existing constructions, as for example the German
Patent No. 85252 and the American Patent No. 396,397, the present improved
arrangement is essentially different in that the rotary, multi-bladed, screw body e
of the present invention by means of the separate screw shaped helical
blades etc., which are set in rotation, effects a complete disintegration of
the slices of earth cut off by the share and coulter, whilst in the two arrange-
ments previously mentioned only a very rough broken furrow is made.
The new plough body is designed to take the place of the usual fixed mould
board so that this can be done away with. In the known constructions on the
contrary with rotary spiral knives or rotary arms a fixed mould board must be
used for setting up the furrow slices, which during the forward movement of the
plough are first roughly broken but not completely disintegrated and mixed.
In the new plough the earth stream produced by its forward movement strikes
continually upon the concave surfaces of the screw cultivator blades, thus setting
the latter in rotation. During this rotation the convex projecting shape of the
winged surfaces then effect a perfect shattering or disintegration and turning
over of the cut off furrow slices.
By entirely doing away with the mould board any stopping or sticking fast
of the rotating plough body, as is the case with the well-known similar con-
structions, is completely avoided, as here the stream of earth can flow continuously
and regularly through the screw movement of the plough body and strikes directly
on the latter, while in the old constructions the plough body was fixed too far

page_text: to the back and the stream of earth was only cut up by the helical knives or
pointed instruments and prongs.
None of the existing ploughs bring about such a working of the earth and
they therefore require the assistance of other field implements, such as the harrow
and scarifier, which are not required with the present improved plough, as in
consequence of the peculiar construction and mode of action of the screw cultivator
during the ploughing, the soil is simultaneously mixed and purified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In a plough, a rotary mould board consisting of a multiblade screw body
placed immediately behind the fixed share in place of the usual mould board,
said screw body having an inclination of about 30 to the horizontal, and being
adapted to be set in rotation by the masses of earth uplifted during the forward
movement of the plough with the object of disintegrating and at the same time
mixing, loosening and cleaning the ground during the ploughing, substantially
as herein before set forth.
2. The improved plough with rotary mould board constructed and operating as
a whole substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated respectively in
the different figures of the accompanying drawings.
this 19th day of May 1
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicants.