IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHURNING MILK AND MIXING LIQUID COMPOUNDS
Year: 1855

page_text: : LETTERS PATENT to William Pollitt, of Clayton-le-Dale, in the County
of Lancaster, Farmer, and James Eastwood, of Blackburn, in the said
County, File Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
T
Sealed the 18th March 1856, and dated the 22nd September 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Pollitt and James
Eastwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd September 1855.
We, WILLIAM POLLITT, of Clayton-le-Dale, in the County of Lancaster,
Farmer, and JAMES EASTWOOD, of Blackburn, in the said County, File
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHURNING MILK AND MIXING LIQUID COMPOUNDS
to be as follows:-
We use a vessel of any convenient shape, and fix a shaft across the top of
it to revolve in suitable bearings; on this shaft we fix two or more bevil
wheels to work into other wheels fixed on the top of vertical shafts inside the
vessel; on these vertical shafts we fix projecting beaters, so that as the said
horizontal shaft is turned by a handle or other means, the vertical shafts and

page_text: beaters are turned in opposite directions by means of the wheels aforesaid,
thus giving an agitated motion to the milk or liquid. Instead of working the
said shafts from the top of the vessel, we can fix them at the side, if desirable,
and obtain the same results.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Pollitt and James Eastwood in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd March 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
POLLITT, of Clayton-le-Dale, in the County of Lancaster, Farmer, and JAMES
EASTWOOD, of Blackburn, in the said County, File Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nine-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said William Pollitt and James Eastwood, Her special
licence that we, the said William Pollitt and James Eastwood, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as wc, the said William Pollitt and
James Eastwood, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CHURNING MILK AND MIXING LIQUID COMPOUNDS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said William Pollitt and James Eastwood,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Eastwood, for and on behalf of
myself and the said William Pollitt, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
We use a vessel of any convenient shape, and on it place a driving shaft in
any desired position, supported by suitable bearings in which it can revolve; on

page_text: the shaft we fix one or more bevil or spur wheels, which work in one or more
bevil or spur wheels fixed outside the vessel, but at the extremity of shafts or
spindles placed inside the vessel. On each of these shafts we fix frames with
beaters composed of wood or metal, so that as the said driving shaft is turned
by a handle or other means, the shafts and beaters inside the vessel revolve in
opposite directions by means of the bevil or spur wheels aforesaid, thus giving
a compound action to the beaters and an agitated motion to the milk or liquid.
The rods or beaters can either be placed parallel to or at right angles to the
shafts or spindles inside the vessel. These improvements will be clearly under-
stood by referring to the figures and letters of reference on the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a machine,
having two beaters, in which the rods are parallel to the shafts or spindles
inside the vessel; Fig. 2 is an outside view; and Fig. 3, a plan of the same;
Fig. 4 is a view of the beaters detached; Fig. 5 is a vertical section of a
machine, having two beaters, in which the arms or rods are at right angles to
the shafts or spindles inside the vessel; Fig. 6 is an end view of the same.
In Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, a represents the vessel which holds the milk or
other liquid to be acted upon; the bars of the beaters are shewn at b, having
their ends fast to the frames c, which are fixed to the vertical shafts d, supported
in the bearings e and f. On the top of the said vertical shafts are the bevil
wheels y, working into other bevil wheels h, placed in opposite directions on
the horizontal or driving shaft i, which is supported in bearings k, and furnished
with a handle 7. It is evident that when the horizontal shaft is turned by the
handle, the bevil wheels cause the vertical shafts and beaters to revolve in
opposite directions.
In Figs. 5 and 6, m represents the vessel which holds the liquid to be acted
upon. The bars of the beaters are shewn at n, and so placed, that they pass
between each other; the shafts to which the arms are attached are shewn at o,
having at their ends the spur wheels p, which are driven in opposite directions
by the spur wheel q and handle r. Both of these examples shew the action of
beaters in the most limited space, thereby producing a powerful effect upon the
liquid acted upon. Although only two beaters of each description are shewn,
any required number may be used and made to revolve by pulleys or gearing
acted upon by any motive power.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we desire it to be
distinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact details
herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the
principle thereof; but we claim as our Invention, and which to the best of our

page_text: knowledge and belief has not been hitherto used within this realm, the use of
one or more beaters of each description, revolving on their axes in opposite
directions when more than one are used, for the purpose of churning milk and
mixing liquid compounds, as herein described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Eastwood, for and on behalf of
myself and the said William Pollitt, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Nineteenth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-six
JAMES EASTWOOD. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-named
James Eastwood, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.