A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
TAYLOR, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of May (One thousand
eight hundred and forty-seven), in the tenth year of Her reign, did, for Her-
self, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Taylor,
my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Joseph Taylor, my exors, adñors, and assigns,
and such others as I, the said Joseph Taylor, my exors, admors, or assigns,
should at. any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR RAILWAY
AND OTHER CARRIAGES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Joseph Taylor, should cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's. High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear...

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Taylor, do hereby. declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
Figure 1 represents a section of one half of one of my improved wheels.
Figure 2 represents a side elevation of the same. The axis of the wheel is
represented in Figure 1 by the line a. 6 is the nave of the wheel, and c the
tire. d, d', are two corrugated or indented plates, which connect the tire and
nave together, in place of the ordinary spokes or radii. The form of these
plates is seen in the said Figure. The said plates are connected to the nave
by three bolts e, e¹, e¹¹, Figure 2; one only of these bolts e is seen in the
section, Figure 1. The said corrugated plates d, d³, are connected to the tire c
by bolts g, g, g, Figure 2; one of these bolts g is seen in the section, Figure 1.1
The plates d, d', are connected to the nave 6 by being rivetted to flanges 61, 6¹¹,
on the said nave, and the said plates d, d', are connected to the tire c by being
rivetted to the flanges c, c, on the interior of the said tire. Instead of form-
ing the flanges c³, cl, on the interior of the tires, I sometimes form thereon, in
place of the said flanges, a series of "snugs," as shewn by the dotted lines lll,
Figure 8. The plates d, d, are rivetted to the said snugs. h is a ring of
wood introduced between the plates d, d, at the point at which the said plates
nearest approach each other; and i, i, Figure 2, are a series of bolts by which
the said plates and ring of wood are secured together; one only of the bolts i
is shewn in Figure 1. Instead of a ring of wood I sometimes insert a series a
of blocks of wood between the said plates at equidistant points, and secure the
same in their places by bolts or rivets. 2, 1, are rings which are "shrunk" on
the ends of the nave 6 after the plates d, d, have been rivetted to the said
nave, that is to say, the said rings i", ", which have an internal diameter some-
what less than the diameter of that part of the nave on which they are s
"shrunk," are heated, so as to expand the same and allow them to pass on
the end of the nave; on the cooling of the said rings they contract and grasp the
nave tightly. The tire c is also "shrunk on the plates d, d, in a similar
manner.
"
The order in which the several parts of the wheel are put together is as s
follows: One of the plates d, d, is placed upon the nave and the tire o is
shrunk thereon; the other plate is placed on the nave while the tire is still hot,
and the said tire, in shrinking, fits tightly on both of the said plates. The said
plates d, d, fit on the nave tightly, and are forced thereon by placing a rod

page_text: through the said nave, and by means of keys or wedges passing through the
said rod, and forcing caps or washers against the said plates, so as to force
them into their places (the ring or blocks of wood being placed between
them). The method of forcing the plates on the nave is represented in Fig. 4.
The tire c is next shrunk upon the plates d, d, and the partially-formed wheel
is next subjected to the action of the drilling machine, herein-after described, by
which holes are drilled in the nave and tire for the passage of the several bolts.
The said bolts are next rivetted, and finally the rings, ¹¹, are shrunk on the
nave. Instead of connecting the plates d, d, directly with the tire, I some-
times connect the said plates with a ring of wood, to which ring of wood the
tire is affixed by bolts and nuts.
Figure 4' represents a section of one half of a wheel constructed according
to the method last described. a is the ring of wood, 6 is the tire, and c one of
the bolts by which the tire is attached to the said ring of wood.
Figures 5 and 6 represent my method of constructing a crank upon one of
my improved wheels; Figure 5 representing a front elevation of the said
crank, and Figure 6 a side view of the same. The said crank consists of an
extension of the nave of the wheel, the said crank and nave being formed of
one piece of metal. The plates d, d', Figures 1, 2, and 3, are properly cut
away so as to admit of the passage of the said crank through the said plates;
the said plates are rivetted to the said crank at x, x, œ.
Figure 7 represents an elevation, full size, of my improved punch for punch-
ing the holes in the plates d, d', Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Figure 8 represents a plan of the face of the same. This punch differs from
the ordinary punch in the face not being plain, but formed as shewn in the
Drawing. When this punch is drawn down upon a sheet of metal in which it is
wished to cut a hole, the points a, b, of the punch first enter the metal, and as
the punch descends the parts a², 6, act on the metal, and thus cut out progres-
sively a circular disc of metal, instead of cutting out every part of the said disc
at the same time, as is the case with the common punch.
Figure 9 represents an elevation of my machine for drilling the holes in the
nave and flanges of the tire of the wheel herein-before described. a, b, are
uprights to which the three plates c, d, e, are affixed. f is a moveable bed or
table on which the wheel to be drilled is fixed; this bed is guided in its motion
by the clips g, g', which slide on the rods a, b. h is a screw on which the
moveable bed or table f is fixed; the screw is raised or lowered by the rotation
of the screw box i, through which the said screw passes. The said screw
box is formed into a worm wheel in which an endless screw on the axis j
engages. By turning the axis ; the screw box is made to rotate, and the

page_text: table is thereby raised and lowered. The drills which drill the holes in the
flange on the tire of the wheel are situated near the circumferences of the two
lower plates, and the drills which drill the holes in the nave of the said wheel
"are situated near the centres of the plates. I prefer sixteen drills for drilling
holes in the flange on the tire of the wheel, and three drills for drilling holes in
the nave of the said wheel.
Figure 10 represents a plan of the top plate c, Fig. 9, in which said
Figure 10 the manner of adjusting the collars or bearings in which the drills
work is represented. In order to avoid confusion, in the elevation Figure 9 I
have only represented one of the drills for drilling the holes in the flanges
on the tire of the wheel, and one of the drills for drilling the holes in the nave
of the said wheel. The way in which these drills are worked is as follows:-k
is a shaft which is driven by steam or other power. A band 7 working on the
pulley m on the said shaft, and also on the pulleyn on the shaft o, commu-
nicates motion to the said shaft o.
p is a
pulley on the shaft o; this pulley
drives a band 9, which à passes round the upper halves of the pulleys r of the
middle drills, and a similar pulley on the shaft k drives a band which passes
round the lower halves of the pullies of the said middle drills. The lower
drills, or those which drill the holes in the flanges on the tire of the wheels, are
driven in a similar manner, that is to say, a band driven by the pulleys, on the
axis o, passes round the upper halves of the pullies of the said lower drills, and
a band driven by a pulley t, on the shaft k, passes round the lower halves of the
said pullies.
The manner in which the bands pass round the pullies is represented in the
sketch Figure 11, in which Figure the course of one of the bands is repre-
sented by a black line, and the course of the other band by a blue line.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim,—
First, the method of constructing wheels herein-before described, and repre-
sented in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say,
constructing inclined flanges or snugs on the interior of the tire of the said
wheels, to which the inclined edges of the plates constituting the sides of the
said wheels are attached; also, constructing the sides of wheels of concave
plates, supported by rings or blocks of wood.
Secondly, I claim the method of constructing wheels, herein-before described,
and represented in Figure 4 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say,
wheels in which the plates constituting the sides of the wheels are connected
to a ring of wood, to which ring of wood the tire of the said wheel is
connected.

page_text: Thirdly, the method of constructing punches for cutting holes in plates for
railway wheels, herein-before described, and represented in Figures 7 and
8 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, punches in which two or
more points only of the punches act on the plate to be cut at the same time,
so as to cut the said holes progressively.
Fourthly, the method of constructing a drilling machine to be used in the
manufacture of wheels herein-before described, and represented in Figures 9,
10, and 11 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, by combining
together a number of drills, so as to drill the required number of holes at the
same timo. Also the use of double bands for driving the said drills.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Taylor, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.