Improvements in Bellows and Spreaders or Diffusers for Projecting a Cloud of Powdered Sulphur on to Plants and for other Analogous Purposes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 16th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 12th Oct., 1888
Improvements in Bellows and Spreaders or Diffusers for Projecting
a Cloud of Powdered Sulphur on to Plants and for other
Analogous Purposes.
I, ALFRED LANGLOIS, of 10 Place Bresson, Alger, Algeria, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists in improvements in bellows employed for applying sulphur
to vines, fruit trees, etc., and also in apparatus called spreaders or diffusers that are
applied to the end of the nozzle of the bellows, for the purpose of dividing the jet
of sulphur or other material, so as to cause it to issue in cloud-form and be deposited
on the plant as a fine mist, such improvements being equally applicable when these
apparatus serve to project any powdered material for any purpose.
In the class of bellows to which my improvements relate, a box containing the
powdered material is fixed on to one of the cheeks of the bellows, and communicates
on the one hand with the extensible space within the bellows, and on the other hand
with the nozzle or exit tube for the blast, so that the current of air in its passage
comes in contact with the powder and carries same along with it. The first part of
my invention consists, while still preserving the same general arrangement, in making
certain modifications in such arrangement and in the construction of the apparatus,
which will greatly improve its operation, and overcome several serious disadvantages
hitherto existing.
These improvements will be readily understood by the aid of the following description
and Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the bellows to which is attached the reservoir for
sulphur or other material in powder; this reservoir is shown in section taken on
line A, B, C, D, of Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the bellows with the sulphur reservoir.
In these Figs. a is the body of the bellows; the nozzle; which is in one piece of
about 0m 35 in length and communicates with the interior of the bellows by an
opening c; d is a washer soldered inside the tube or nozzle b, to prevent the wind

page_text: escaping through the space which may exist between the mount forming part of the
wood of the bellows, and such tube or nozzle b, which is connected thereto; e is the
receptacle for sulphur or other powder, formed of a metallic box (usually of tin);
f is a grating situated within the reservoir, and which when the bellows is in use, is
approximately horizontal. Its forward end extends upwards vertically and is secured
to the top wall of the box or reservoir. This grating serves to sift the sulphur or
other powdered material, so as to prevent the entrance of lumps into the nozzle b.
g is a metallic stopper closing the hole for filling the reservoir, and it is provided with
a movable ring which allows it to be secured to a small chain, to avoid same being
lost. 92, 92, are notches formed in the edge of the flange of the ring g', to allow
projections g³, g³, on the stopper, to enter the interior groove of this flange, in which
they are then turned so that they cannot come out through the slots or notches g².
is a washer of india rubber, leather or other suitable material, which ensures a tight
joint is a tube descending from the top wall of the reservoir e, and, with a conduit
or passage j, serving to establish direct communication between the upper part of the
reservoir and the interior of the bellows; k is a conduit connecting the exit nozzle b
for the wind, with the reservoir, in the front wall of which an oblong opening k¹, k²,
is formed for this purpose. 1, 1, are the handles of the bellows, the length of which
is increased to 0 15°, so as to facilitate the manipulation of the apparatus. m is the
flexible part of the bellows made of sheep skin or calf skin.
;
In the Figs. above referred to the arrows indicate the direction of the wind.
The arrangement of bellows shown possesses the following improvements over
ordinary bellows :-
Hitherto the conduit k, instead of being inclined as shown in Fig. 1, was in the
same plane as the nozzle 6 of the bellows, and terminated at about the level of the
lower wall of the reservoir e; it followed, that when the bellows was in action, and
the nozzle consequently was inclined downwards, the sulphur fell into the nozzle by
its own weight, and was lost on the ground.
I avoid this disadvantage by turning the front part of the grating vertically
upwards, so as to enable the orifice k¹, k², of the conduit k, to be arranged at the top
of the reservoir e; the sulphur now cannot enter this conduit except under the
carrying action exerted by the wind from the bellows, since the material must be
raised to the top of the box in order to escape.
Further, in known forms of bellows, the wind and the powdered sulphur were
partly wasted through the space which was left between the nozzle b and the wooden
mount to receive same at the end of the bellows; I overcome this disadvantage by
soldering the washer d to the interior of the tube, behind the orifice o by which the
blast enters same; by this means there is no longer any loss of sulphur, and further,
the whole pressure of the blast is utilized to project the material on the plants.
For the same purpose I make the nozzle in one piece, instead of forming same of.
two tubes placed one over the other, which caused further escapes.
The metallic stopper 9, with its packing of india rubber or other suitable
material, that I apply to the sulphur reservoir, hermetically closes the filling opening,
which was not the case with the simple cork stopper hitherto employed; its bayonet
connection, that is to say, the construction consisting in providing it with pro-
jections 93, 93, which can descend by the vertical openings g², g², of the fixed
ring g', to the level of the circular groove of such ring, and then be turned in
such groove so as to prevent it being raised-this form of fitting, I say, always
ensures a perfect joint or closing. Again, the fixing of the ring of the stopper to
a small chain, avoids the risk of its being lost.
Finally, by increasing the length of the handles 1, 1, as shown in the drawing,
and increasing the width of the strip of leather m forming the extensible part of
the bellows, to enable the cheeks thereof to separate about 0 22 (such distance
being measured from the base of the handles), instead of only opening about 0m 17º,
I render the use of the instrument more convenient, while at the sanie time I
outain a greater volume of wind at each pulsation.
The second part of my improvements relates to the apparatus called spreaders

page_text: or amusers, which is applied to the end of the nozzle of the bellows to divide
and diffuse in a fine dust the sulphur or other powdered material driven out by
the blast.
These improvements are shown in Figs. 3 to 17.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a diffuser having a single exit or escape
opening only.
Fig. 4 is a front elevation, Fig. 4° a side elevation, and Fig. 5 a horizontal section
of same.
Figs. 6 and 7 are horizontal sections of two modifications of the apparatus, which
have also only a single escape opening.
Figs. 8 and 9, 10 and 11, 12 and 13, 14 and 15, and 16 and 17, show respectively
part horizontal sections and front elevations of various arrangements of multiple
escape openings, which in certain cases are preferable to a single opening.
round box
a,
As will be seen in the drawings the general form of the instrument is that of a
with a tangential tube b to be applied to the end of the nozzle of the
bellows, and having one or several escape openings suitably arranged on one side at
or near the centre. It is by these openings that the powder issues with the blast
produced by the bellows; it is driven outwards with force in the form of dust
clouds of an uniform density, which thus deposits on the vines, fruit trees, or
other plants (or generally on the objects to which it is to be applied) a very
regular layer, with a marked economy of the material.
These advantages are obtained by the special constructions which constitute my
improvements, and of which I will now give a description.
It will be seen, in the first instance, that the box a, in which the division of
the powder and its intimate mixture with the blast are effected, after they enter
by the tube b, is rounded in every direction without presenting any angle where
the powder to be injected can accumulate or lodge. The box is for this purpose
formed of two rounded metallic caps, stamped to the desired form and soldered or
other wise secured together; further, the cap in which the exit orifice c is formed,
when there is only one exit, (see Figs. 3 to 7), is shaped so as to smoothly merge into
such orifice, whereby the powder is directed so that it escapes with the minimum amount
of friction and produces a cloud of the desired form. This shaping may be effected
by a simple curved line (Fig. 7); or by a straight line starting from the periphery of
the box and forming a conical surface (Fig. 6); or by an incurved line (Fig. 5),
according to the form to be given to the cloud. In all cases, without distinction, the
metal is turned over, forming a neck opening outwards, so as to constitute round the
single opening c, a round flange d, which ensures a continuation of smooth surfaces
with which the powder comes into contact from its entrance to the apparatus to its
exit therefrom.
Similar provisions are made in the case of multiple exit orifices, as I will now
explain.
In this case one of the caps of the box a is formed with a swelling or enlargement e,
which may only be slightly in projection, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, or may have
the form of a complete cone, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11, or finally, may form a cone
more or less truncated, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, 14 and 15, and 16 and 17. Round
the swelling the orifices fare arranged, and these may be four in number, as shown
in the drawings, or of a greater or less number, and which are preferably formed by
making a slit in the wall, and then raising the metal up as the drawing shows. The
powder is thus suitably directed up to its exit.
may also be formed, as shown in
If thought desirable a central orifice
Figs. 14, 15, 16 and 17.
Dated this 16th day of November 1887

page_text: Improvements in Bellows and Spreaders or Diffusers for Projecting
a Cloud of Powdered Sulphur on to Plants and for other
Analogous Purposes.
I, ALFRED LANGLOIS, of 10 Place Bresson, Alger, Algeria, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention consists in improvements in bellows employed for applying sulphur
to vines, fruit trees, etc., and also in apparatus called spreaders or diffusers that are
applied to the end of the nozzle of the bellows, for the purpose of dividing the jet of
sulphur or other material, so as to cause it to issue in cloud-form and be deposited on
the plant as a fine mist, such improvements being equally applicable when these
apparatus serve to project any powdered material for any purpose.
In the class of bellows to which my improvements relate, a box containing the
powdered material is fixed on to one of the cheeks of the bellows, and communicates
on the one hand with the extensible space within the bellows, and on the other hand
with the nozzle or exit tube for the blast, so that the current of air in its passage
comes in contact with the powder and carries same along with it. The first part of
my invention consists, while still preserving the same general arrangement, in making
certain modifications in such arrangement and in the construction of the apparatus,
which will greatly improve its operation, and overcome several serious disadvantages
hitherto existing.
I will now proceed to describe my invention by the aid of drawings, referring to
Sheets 1 and 2 accompanying my provisional specification and to Sheets 3, 4 and 5
accompanying the present complete specification.
The improvements above referred to will be readily understood by the aid of the
following description and Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the bellows to which is attached the reservoir for
sulphur or other material in powder; this reservoir is shown in section taken on
line A, B, C, D, of Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the bellows with the sulphur reservoir.
In these Figs. a is the body of the bellows; b the nozzle, which is in one piece of
about 0 35 in length and communicates with the interior of the bellows by an
opening c; d is a washer soldered inside the tube or nozzle b, to prevent the wind
escaping through the space which may exist between the mount forining part of the
wood of the bellows, and such tube or nozzle b, which is connected thereto; e is the
receptacle for sulphur or other powder, formed of a metallic box (usually of tin); fis
a grating situated within the reservoir, and which when the bellows is in use, is
approximately horizontal. Its forward end extends upwards vertically and is secured
to the top wall of the box or reservoir. This grating serves to sift the sulphur or

page_text: other powdered material, so as to prevent the entrance of lumps into the nozzle >>
g is a metallic stopper closing the hole for filling the reservoir, and it is provided with
a movable ring which allows it to be secured to a small chain, to avoid same being
lost. 92, 93, are notches formed in the edge of the flange of the ring g', to allow
projections g³, g³, on the stopper, to enter the interior groove of this flange, in which
they are then turned so that they cannot come out through the slots or notches g².
h is a washer of india rubber, leather or other suitable material, which ensures a tight
joint; i is a tube descending from the top wall of the reservoir e, and, with a conduit
or passage j, serving to establish direct communication between the upper part of the
reservoir and the interior of the bellows; k is a conduit connecting the exit nozzle b
for the wind, with the reservoir, in the front wall of which an oblong opening k¹, k²,
is formed for this purpose. 1, 1, are the handles of the bellows, the length of which
is increased to 15°, so as to facilitate the manipulation of the apparatus. m is the
flexible part of the bellows made of sheep skin or calf skin.
In the Figs. above referred the arrows indicate the direction of the wind.
The arrangement of bellows shown possesses the following improvements over
ordinary bellows :-
Hitherto the conduit k, instead of being inclined as shown in Fig. 1, was in the
same plane as the nozzle b of the bellows, and terminated at about the level of the
lower wall of the reservoir e; it followed, that when the bellows was in action, and
the nozzle was consequently inclined downwards, the sulphur fell into the nozzle by
its own weight, and was lost on the ground.
I avoid this disadvantage by turning the front part of the grating f vertically
upwards, so as to enable the orifice k¹, k², of the conduit k, to be arranged at the top
of the reservoir e; the sulphur now cannot enter this conduit except under the carrying
action exerted by the wind from the bellows, since the material must be raised to the
top of the box in order to escape.
Further in known forms of bellows, the wind and the powdered sulphur were partly
wasted through the space which was left between the nozzle and the wooden mount
to receive same at the end of the bellows; I overcome this disadvantage by soldering
the washer d to the interior of the tube, behind the orifice c by which the blast enters
same; by this means there is no longer any loss of sulphur, and further, the whole
pressure of the blast is utilized to project the material on the plants.
For the same purpose I make the nozzle in one piece, instead of forming same of
two tubes placed one over the other, which caused further escapes.
The metallic stopper g, with its packing h of india rubber or other suitable material,
that I apply to the sulphur reservoir, hermetically closes the filling opening, which
was not the case with the simple cork stopper hitherto employed; its bayonet connec-
tion, that
to say, the construction consisting in providing it with projections g³, g³,
which can descend by the vertical openings 92, 92, of the fixed ring g', to the level of
the circular groove of such ring, and then be turned in such groove so as to prevent
it being raised this form of fitting, I say, always ensures a perfect joint or closing.
Again, the fixing of the ring of the stopper to a small chain, avoids the risk of its
being lost.
Finally, by increasing the length of the handles 1, 11, as shown in the drawing, and
increasing the width of the strip of leather m forming the extensible part of the bellows,
to enable the cheeks thereof to separate about 0 22° (such distance being measured from
the base of the handles), instead of only opening about 0 17c, I render the use of the
instrument more convenient, while at the same time I obtain a greater volume of
wind at each pulsation.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 41, 5", and 6ª of the drawings show a modification of the bellows
above described and which is preferable in certain cases.
As shown more especially in Fig. 1* the conduit & which connects the receptable or
reservoir with the wind tube b is of syphon form, so that although it joins the reser-
voir at the bottom of reservoir e, and not at the top, thus dispensing with the necessity
of turning up the front end of the grating.f, it nevertheless prevents the accidental
escape of the sulphur.

page_text: 11 the bellows is pointed towards the ground the sifted sulphur contained in the
lower part of the reservoir can to a slight extent enter the conduit in question,
but it cannot rise to the top of the curve, and consequently it cannot pass into
the exit tube by the orifice c, when the conduit opens into such tube. It can only
pass out when driven by the blast of the bellows, that is when it is forced out
intentionally.
I therefore, by this means, as well as by the means previously described, but in a
better manner, ensure that the sulphur is not wasted on the ground, or at the very
least that it does not choke the diffusing apparatus, that is fitted to the end of the
nozzle of the bellows.
It is preferable to make the grating f of the sulphur receptable with meshes of a
rectangular form, instead of square. It is also advisable to curve forward the lower
end of the tube i, which conducts the blast to the bottom of the sulphur receptacle,
and to make it about 0m 17° in diameter.
I also prefer to form the stopper A as follows.
As will be seen in the drawing two strips of metal B are applied at diametrically
opposite points of its vertical surface, each one having a length equal to about 90°,
for example, of the circumference, and forming inclined planes on their upper
surface.
As the stopper is turned the two inclines engage to a greater and greater extent
two jaws fixed to the seat D to receive the stopper, and the india rubber or leather
washer E fixed to the bottom of the stopper is thereby very firmly forced against the
rim of the seat, and consequently a perfectly hermetically closed joint is formed.
The second part of my improvements relates to the apparatus called spreaders or
diffusers, which is applied to the end of the nozzle of the bellows to divide and
diffuse in a fine dust the sulphur or other powdered material driven out by
the blast.
These improvements are shown in Figs. 3 to 17.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a diffuser having a single exit or escape opening
only.
Fig. 4 is a front elevation, Fig. 4" a side elevation, and Fig. 5 a horizontal section
of same.
Figs. 6 and 7 are horizontal sections of two modifications of the apparatus, which
have also only a single escape opening.
Figs. 8 and 9, 10 and 11, 12 and 13, 14 and 15, and 16 and 17, show respectively
part horizontal sections and front elevations of various arrangements of multiple
escape openings, which in certain cases are preferable to a single opening.
As will be seen in the drawings the general form of the instrument is that of a
round box a, with a tangential tube to be applied to the end of the nozzle of the
bellows, and having one or several escape openings suitably arranged on one side at or
near the centre. It is by these openings that the powder issues with the blast produced
by the bellows; it is driven outwards with force in the form of dust clouds of an
uniform density, which thus deposits on the vines, fruit trees, or other plants (or
generally on the objects to which it is to be applied) a very regular layer, with marked
economy of the material.
These advantages are obtained by the special constructions which constitute my
improvements, and of which I will now give a description.
It will be seen, in the first instance, that the box a, in which the division of the
powder and its intimate mixture with the blast are effected, after they enter by the
tube b is rounded in every direction without presenting any angle where the powder
to be injected can accumulate or lodge. The box is for this purpose formed of two
rounded metallic caps, stamped to the desired form and soldered or otherwise secured
together; further, the cap in which the exit or orifice c is formed, when there is only
one exit, (see Figs. 3 to 7), is shaped so as to smoothly merge into such orifice,
whereby the powder is directed so that it escapes with the minimum amount of friction
and produces a cloud of the desired form. This shaping may be effected by a simple
curved line (Fig. 7); or by a straight line starting from the periphery of the box

page_text: and forming a conical surface (Fig. 5); or by an incurved line (Fig. 5), according to
the form to be given to the cloud. In all cases, without distinction, the metal is
turned over, forming a neck opening outwards, so as to constitute round the single
opening e, a round flange d, which ensures a continuation of smooth surfaces with
which the powder comes into contact from its entrance to the apparatus to its exit
therefrom.
Similar provisions are made in the case of multiple exit orifices, as I will now explain.
In this case one of the caps of the box a is formed with a swelling or enlargement e,
which may only be slightly in projection, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, or may have the
form of a complete cone, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11, or finally, may form a cone more or
less truncated, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, 14 and 15, and 16 and 17. Round the
swelling the orifices f are arranged, and these may be four in number, as shown in
the drawings, or of a greater or less number, and which are preferably formed by
making a slit in the wall, and then raising the metal up as the drawing shows. The
powder is thus suitably directed up to its exit.
If thought desirable a central orifice e' may also be formed, as shown in
Figs. 14, 15, 16 and 17.
In certain cases the form of the box may be simplified so as to give it the
appearance of a tube forming a continuation of the tube b which fits on to the nozzle
of the bellows, so that the whole has the appearance of a tube suitably bent and
narrowed at its exit orifice to guide the jet of air and powder, and produce the
intimate mixture of the two, and project the powder in a cloud of regular density. In
effect, instead of interposing on the tube of the apparatus a box having rounded walls,
bend the tube itself to a round form, and narrow or diminish its exit orifice to the
requisite extent. It will be understood that as in the preceding arrangement the
apparatus is to be applied to the end of the tube or nozzle of the bellows.
The Figures on sheets 4 and 5 of the drawings show several slightly varying forms
of this simplified construction of diffuser.
In Figs. 7, 71, and 7b, the type of diffuser shown consists of a tube of tin,
copper or other suitable material, bent to the form shown and terminating in a cone
at the end from which the jet issues. The other end which fits on to the nozzle of the
bellows serving to deliver the powder is strengthened by a ring.
In Figs. 8, 81, and 8 the curved tube instead of terminating in a cone remains
cylindrical to the end but it is closed by a plate having an, opening of reduced
diameter, so as to concentrate the jet that is to answer the same purpose as the cone
in the preceding form.
The type shown in Figs. 9ª, 9a1, and 9b still more resembles that shown in
Figs. 7ª, 7, and 7b, only differing therefrom in that the narrowed part is of curved
forin instead of straight.
In the type shown in Figs. 10ª, 101, and 10°, the tube which is round at the part to
fit on to the nozzle of the bellows, subsequently takes the form of a truncated quad-
rangular pyramid, and is curved to a quarter of a circle. The jet therefore issues
through a square orifice of reduced size after having been gradually concentrated.
The type shown in Figs. 11ª, 111 and 11b is exactly similar to the preceding one
except that it is formed from a tube of triangular section.
It will be readily understood that the section of the tube may be varied as desired;
and the same remark applies to the size of the exit orifice no matter whether the tube
is narrowed gradually or abruptly; the tube also, may be curved, either more or less
than 90° according to the special requirements of each application.
The type shown in Figs. 12ª, 121, and 12b consists in a curved tube terminating at
one end in a truncated cone which enters a tube forming a collar and serving to direct
the sulphur issuing from the cone. The collar is provided with a ring, as is also the
other end of the tube which fits on to the nozzle of the bellows.
In certain modifications the end of the tube is closed and the jet issues through a
lateral orifice provided or not with a small conical fitting; or the tube itself may be
bent laterally at right angles.

page_text: In the form shown in Figs. 13ª, 13ª¹, and 13 the tube is bent as indicated by the
broken lines; the opposite end to that which is fixed to the bellows, is closed and
slightly before the end is a lateral orifice to which a fitting of truncated cone form is
secured by its smaller end, the larger end being provided with a ring. The end of the
tube which is secured to the bellows is also provided with a ring, the same as in the
preceding types, as well as those to be subsequently referred to.
I also employ a type similar to that last described except that the tube is of the
form shown by the full lines in Figs. 13ª, 131, and 13b.
The type shown in Figs. 14, 141, and 14 consists in a bent tube (as shown by the
broken lines) closed at its end and having on its cylindrical wall a simple orifice
surrounded by a ring.
A type similar to the last may be employed, but with a straight tube as shown by
the full lines.
The type shown in Figs. 15, 151, and 15 only differs from that shown in
Figs. 13, 13, and 13b, inasmuch as the conical fitting applied to the lateral orifice
pierced near the closed end of the tube, has its smaller end directed outwards. This
fitting is also, as in the other, provided with a ring at its end. The tube may be either
bent as shown in broken lines or be left straight as shown by the full lines.
The type shown in Figs. 16ª, 161, and 16b, consists in a round tube diminishing in
diameter to the end, in other words, of truncated cone form, and which is bent several
times in opposite directions in such a way that the jet issues nearly perpendicularly to
the axis of the tube of the bellows; the issue orifice may be either round or oval.
The twists or bends of the tube are for the purpose of better diffusing the sulphur.
before it issues.
In the type shown in Figs. 17ª, 17, and 17° the tube narrows gradually, while
still remaining round as in the preceding type, but it is made straight for a part of its
length and then curves round in a similar way to an elephant's trunk. The end is
bent so that the jet does not issue in the place of the apparatus, but at right angles
thereto. The gradual changes of direction imparted to the sulphur by means of this
form of diffuser also effectually divides it before it issues therefrom.
The same may be said of the form shown in Figs. 18, 18, and 18, which only differs
from the last two preceding types inasmuch as the end of the tube is bent spirally and
then turns laterally as in the type shown in Figs. 17ª, 17ª¹, and 17b.
Finally the type shown in Figs. 19, 19, and 19 only differs from that shown in
Figs. 16, 161, & 16 in the section of the tube of which it is formed. The section
here shown is no longer circular, the tube being of rectangular pyramid form, which
is bent or twisted several times in opposite directions, and from which the sulphur
issues in a direction more or less perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle of the bellows.
Nevertheless the end to fit on to the nozzle is cylindrical and gradually merges into
the rectangular portion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a bellows for projecting sulphur or other material in powder the arrangement
of a grating f, and a conduit k connecting the powder reservoir to the nozzle of the
bellows, so as to prevent the powder from falling by its own weight when the bellows
is held downwards, such result being obtained either by placing the conduit obliquely
so that it is connected to the wall of the reservoir at the upper part thereof, in which
case the front end of the grating fis turned upwards, as shown in Fig. 1, or by making
the conduit of syphon form, in which case the grating f remains straight, as shown
in Fig. 1º, all substantially as specified.
2. In a bellows for projecting sulphur or other material in powder, the application
in the nozzle b thereof, of a washer d closing such nozzle behind the conduit k, by
which the wind and the powder arrive, so that the latter cannot escape and be lost
backwards, substantially as described and shown.

page_text: 3. In a bellows for projecting sulphur or other material in powder, the employment
for closing the charging opening of the powder reservoir, of a stopper having a
packing of india rubber or other suitable material, which presses upon a ring fixed to
the bellows, the stopper being provided either with projections 93 which enter vertical
slots in the fixed ring g', and which when the stopper is turned engage a groove or
circular recess in such ring to ensure the closing, as shown in Fig. 1; or such stopper
is provided with projecting inclined planes B, which engage jaws C fixed to the ring
or seat of the stopper, and ensure the stopper being forced thereto when it is turned,
as shown in Fig. 1a, all substantially as specified.
4. In a spreader or diffuser to be applied to the end of the nozzle of a bellows, and
serving to divide with regularity the jet or stream of powder, and to give it the form
of one or more clouds so shaping the box or body of the spreader or diffuser, that is
to say making it of such form in transverse section, that the powder encounters no
sharp angles from the entrance to its exit, such result being obtained either by means
of a box, properly so called, and having one or more lateral exit orifices, as shown in
Figs. 3 to 17 inclusive, Sheet 2 of the drawings; or by means of a simple tubular
case the form of which may vary, as shown in Figs. 78 to 19° inclusive Sheets 4 and 5
of the drawings, all substantially as specified.
5. A spreader or diffuser of box form, the box having a single exit orifice with
a rounded ring or edge, substantially as and for the purpose specified and as shown in
Figs. 4, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the drawings.
6. A spreader or diffuser of box form having a number of openings f formed in
the wall of a swelling or enlargement e, projecting to a smaller or greater extent, and
either with or without a central orifice e¹ substantially as and for the purpose specified,
and as shown in Figs. 8 to 16 inclusive of the drawings.
7. The various forms of tubular spreaders or diffusers shown in Figs. 7° to 19b
inclusive of the drawings.
Dated the 15th .. -Ր .
1000