CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING OR ROVING COTTON, SILK, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1828

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SHARPE, of Manchester, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth
did, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of August, in the ninth year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said William Sharpc, His especial licence
that I, the said William Sharpe, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said William Sharpe, my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING
OR ROVING COTTON, SILK, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Willian Sharpc, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Sharpe, do hereby describe the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, that is to say :-
My Invention doth consist of certain additions to and modifications in the
construction of the frames or machines commonly called the bobbin and fly
frames. I shall, in the first place, set forth and describe an entire bobbin and
fly frame or machine, many parts of which have been heretofore used and
applied in the said frames for the like purposes as herein described, and there-
fore do not claim such parts as before used or applied as any part of my
improvement, but they are herein set forth and described in connection with
those parts which I do claim, in order the more clearly to set forth and explain
the nature of my said Invention. In the Drawings hereunto annexed, Fig. 1,
2, 3, and 4th, are delineated and shewn the several parts of the machine;
Fig. 1 being a back elevation, and Figs. 2 and 3 cross sections of the elevation
of the ends thereof; Figure 4 is a more extensive modification of the machine
as formerly used and applied, but all the parts new, and claimed by me as
belonging to my said improvement, will hereafter be specifically pointed out
and distinguished from the parts which are now in common use. These
Drawings are to a scale of two and a half inches to the foot, and adapted to a
cotton roving with a six-inch tube or bobbin, but which of course may be
varied in size to suit any other description of work. The same letters of
reference are used in all the Figures of the following verbal description.
B, B, represents the ends of the frame; D, D, the roller beam; C, C, the
connecting rails or framing; and E, E, the copping rails. A is the driving
pulley, having the fly wheel A cast along with the fast pulleys; B is the main
shaft, and on the end of this said shaft the driving pulleys A are made fast;
and on the other end is secured by a key or otherwise the twist pully C;
under this pully is placed a pair of leading or guide pulleys, represented by
the letter D, the band is conducted over the various grooves of the twist
pulleys to the warve E, by which the spindles are set in motion. F is a pinion
of twenty teeth, also made fast on the aforesaid shaft B near to the driving
pulleys; this pinion works into and gives motion to the intermediate or carrier
wheel Gr, of one hundred and twenty teeth, which gives motion to II, a
wheel of fifty teeth, made fast on the end of the front rollers, and by which
they are put into motion; immediately behind this wheel H, and secured
to it by being either cast or rivetted, as in one peice, is the wheel L, of
forty-five teeth, and so connected that the one cannot be changed without
the other; both these are screwed fast on the end of the front roller. The

page_text: wheel L turns by means of the train of intermediate wheels M, N, O,
P, and the pinion Q, of twenty teeth, the tube R; the wheel o is rivetted
on end of a shaft, which passes throngh the cannon bearing No. 14, and
has the wheel P, of the same number of teeth as the wheel o, screwed to its
other end; P works into Q, which is firmly secured to and made part of the
tube R, which turns loosely on the shaft B as an arbour, and kept from shifting
endways by the small hoop and set screw No. 15. S is a cone of any convenient
length and diameter; this cone is mounted on the tube It, and prevented from
turning round on it by means of a parallel bar that is inserted in the tube, and
passing thro' a groove in the body of the cone, which allows it to slide endways,
but prevents it from turning round on it. No. 16 is two eyes fixed on any
convenient place to prevent the strap shifting along with the conc. S is a
strap which passes over the cone S and through the two eyes 16, then turns over
the tension pulleys No. 17, and communicates motion to the drum T, keyed
or otherwise fastened to the bottom of shaft No. 18. On the upper end of
this shaft is also fixed the drum U; from this drum passes a band or cord to the
bobbin warve V, and gives motion to the bobbins. X is a pinion of thirty-two
teeth, also fixed on the front roller, working into and giving motion to the
wheel Y of seventy-two teeth, which is rivetted on the end of a shaft that
passes through the cannon bearing No. 27, and has the change pinion Z
screwed on the other end of the aforesaid shaft; the pinion Z has twenty-four
teeth, works into the wheel a, of fifty-six teeth, made fast on the end of
the back rollers; the motion given to these rollers, by the means aforesaid, is
communicated by the pinion I, of thirty-two teeth, on the further end of these
aforesaid rollers, to the carrier or intermediate wheel J; this carrier works into
a pinion K, of twenty-two teeth, fixed on the end of the middle rollers, and
communicates a simultaneous motion to them; also the wheel a, of fifty-six
teeth, works also into b, an intermediate pinion of forty teeth, and communi-
cates motion to c, a wheel of seventy-two teeth, made fast on the end of the
shaft d, which passes along the back of the frame, and has the pinion e, of six
teeth, fixed to its extremity, giving motion to the mangle wheel f, of sixty teeth.
is a tube, of which the mangle wheel forms a part, and turns on the shaft B
as an arbour, and is kept in its proper situation by the hoop e, which is
fastened to the main shaft by a set screw; upon this aforesaid tube is mounted
the cone h, which is permited to travel lengthways, but is prevented from
turning round upon the tube by a parallel key or bar, which is let into the
tube, and passes through a slot or groove in the body of the cone. i is a strap
which passes over the cone h, through the eyes y and, and communicates
motion to the lower cone j, mounted on the shaft k; this cone, like the former,
y

page_text: is prevented from turning round on the shaft, but allowed to slide in a
longitudinal direction by the same means as that above specified, so that when
the cone is put in motion it will carry the shaft along with it; the one end of
the shaft k is supported by the bearing w, the other bearing is concealed in the
Drawing by the framing B, B; on this end of the shaft k is fastened the
pinion, of thirty-three feet, giving motion to the wheel m, of eighty teeth,
made fast on the end of the shaft n; this same shaft n has fixed on it the
pinion o (of twenty-two feet) that works into the rack P, which is securely
connected with the copping rail E, E, and raises or depresses the bobbins when
the cones are put in motion. r, q, are two collars on the end of the connecting
rod t, that fit into flat grooves prepared for them on one end of each of the
cones, and are connected by the rod s to the rack bar s, s; but this method of
giving motion to the copping rail is in cases where a cop-formed roving is
wanted;
in making a straight bobbin, the mangle wheel is placed at the end of
the frame, and turned in the same manner as the common frames now in use.
c, c, is a case, into which is accurately fitted, for the purpose of sliding in it,
No. 1, 1, a rack, with teeth diminishing in regular progression; and to it the
aforesaid No. 1, 1, is secured by screws or otherwise otherwise another rack
of sixty teeth, marked on the Drawing No. 2; this rack works into a wheel
of forty-five teeth, marked No. 8; on the boss or pap of this wheel is the
pinion No. 4, of twenty teeth; this same pinion works into another rack,
distinguished on the Drawing by No. 5, which is rivetted to the bar s, s, which
connects the cones together, and slides horizontally in two flat grooves fixed to
the roller beam; the rack No. 1, 1, has its teeth, of whatever number they
may be, cut in the same length that is occupied by the same number of teeth
in the wheel No. 8, which in the present case should be forty-five, that is to
say, the teeth in No. 1, 1, must just occupy as much length as forty-five teeth
of the rack No. 2, so that when No. 1, 1, has travelled its length, No. 2 will
have turned the wheel No. 3 once round, and No. 4 will have impelled the
cone forward from the first to the last working point and their distances
asunder will determine the size of the pinion No. 4. No. 6, 6, 6, is a small
and passes over a pully
rope or band, which is fastened to the rack No. 1, 1,
behind and on the same stud as the wheel No. 3, from whence it returns, and
has the weight No. 7 attached to the other end, to give motion to the rack
when the catches are lifted out of gear. No. 8 is the contrivance for working
the catches; in the interior of the mangle wheel is fastened a finger, which is
concealed in the Drawing by the teeth of the said wheel; this finger comes in
contact every revolution with the leaver 8, 8, the end of which also enters the
inside of the mangle wheel; this finger alternately raises and depresses this

page_text: lever and sets the catches at liberty. No. 9 is the under catch; No. 10, the
upper catch; No. 11 is a small guard, which is fastened in a slott in the body
of the rack No. 1, 1, and covers whatever number of the teeth of the rack
that is not wanted to be in action; No. 13 is a section of the warve and the
tube for building the roving upon; No. 12, 12, is a part of the rollers. Fig. 2,
a cross section of Fig. 1 at the gearing end, and in which the same figures of
references are employed; Fig. 3, a cross section of the other end, distinguished
by the same letters of reference. Fig. 4 is a view of the machine in another
form. A is the driving pulleys, placed on one end of the tin drum B; on the
other end of this tin roller or drum is made fast the bevil wheel C, which gives
motion to D, fixed on the bottom end of the upright shaft; on the upper end
of the same shaft is fastened the bevil wheel E, which works into F, fixed on
the end of the front rollers, and by that means communicates to them their
motion to F; the wheel G is either rivetted or otherwise securely attached
and made fast as one wheel G gives motion to the cone shaft by means of the
train H, I; in this case the tin roller gives motion to the spindles, the rollers,
and the cone shaft, while the strap descends from the cone and gives motion to
the bobbins, as usual, and the two wheels rivetted together for the twist and
and taking up are always to each other as the speed of the spindle is to that
of the bobbin; these wheels and diameters may be determined by the kind of
work that is wanted by the machine. When the machine, Figure 1, is moved,
the shaft B, along with pulley C, and the pinion F, are turned; the pulley C
gives motion to the spindles, and the pinion F to the rollers, at the same timo
that L communicates motion to the tube and cone S, and that by means of the
strap and band to the bobbins; the mangle wheel is also set in motion at the
same time by the rollers, and when it has made one revolution it raises the
copping rail by means of the rack and pinion O, P, then lifts the upper catch
out of gear, and allows the weight No. 7 to drag forward the racks, and with
them the cones, so far as is necessary, for taking up the second lay, and so on
of the others, by this means affording a simultaneous movement to all its
parts. Thus, the more clearly to set forth and explain the nature of my said
Invention, I have set forth and described an entire machine or frame; many
parts thereof have been heretofore used and applied in the aforesaid frames or
machines for like purposes, and for which parts I do not claim an exclusive
privilege. I shall now proceed to point out and distinguish the parts which I
do claim, and which parts so applied are, to the best of my knowledge, entirely
new, and has never been before used in this Kingdom.
In the first place, I do claim, as a part of my improvement and Invention,
the contrivance for giving to the taking-up motion of the machine or frame a

page_text: distinct and separate movement from the twist, and which motion will always
alter in the same ratio as the twist is increased or diminished, and this I effect
by means of the double wheel H, L. The difference in the number of teeth
of these wheels are equal to the difference that ought to exist at the com-
mencement of the bobbin between the speed of it and that of the spindle,
and the same difference is always maintained in the various changes to which
the machine is subjected, that is to say, that if II, which governs the speed of
the roller, and of course the twist, is enlarged five teeth to shorten the product
of the rollers and increase the twist, L, which governs the take up, is also
enlarged five teeth, to lessen the taking up, by increasing the speed of the
bobbin, for L bears the same proportion to the velocity of the bobbin as II
does to the velocity of the spindle; hence it follows that an equal number of
teeth will produce an equal effect upon either.
In the second place, I do also claim, as part of my Invention and improve-
ment, that property, quality, or contrivance whereby the rack is never required
to be changed, and the cone, at all kinds of work, will present to the strap a
diameter just suited to the take up of every coil or lay of the bobbins, from
the begining to the finishing of the same; it will be seen, by a reference to
the Drawing, Fig. 1, that these effects are obtained by the apparatus attached
to the rack. The cone in the frame or machine herein specified always begins
at one point, and is never shifted by means of rod and screw, as in the frames
in common use, and this point at all times secures the proper degree of take
up for the empty bobbin; but as the thread or roving is increased in twist, in
the same proportion should the relative diameter of the two ends of the cone
be diminished, and this is effected by the wheel No. 3, Fig. 1; this wheel has
the same number of teeth as the wheel L which governs the take up, and every
time the double wheel-is changed, this wheel No. 3 is changed also in the same
number of teeth, and as the twist is increased the march or journey of the
comb is shortened, and lengthened as the twist is diminished; as, for example,
we change the double wheel fifteen teeth, that is to say, to 65, 60, and No. 3
fifteen teeth, viz., 60, then we have given more twist, less taking up, and
less travel of the cone, which will be equal to of the increase of its diameter,
which will be found to be the diameters suited to the finishing of a bobbin at
that twist; thus, by a combination of these two movements, a just or suitable
diameter of the cone is presented to every lay or coil round the bobbin, and a
just equilibro always maintained between the delivery of the rollers and the
take up of the bobbin; it likewise offers the facility of changing the twist to
any extent without at all affecting the other movements. This principle has
also the advantage, that it can be applied to the common throstle, or any other

page_text: machine whose spindles are stationery, but if the drag of the bobbin which
causes the thread to break is taken off, and whatever pull is intended to be
given, the bobbin is rendred equal and uniform; and, that the vibrating motion
of the bobbin, occasioned by the centrifugal force thereof, and which causes the
thread to snarl, is totally destroyed.
Thus, having, for the clear elucidation of my improvements, set forth and
described an entire machine, and the various parts to which I claim an exclusive
priviledge, I do, nevertheless, at the same time declare that the same effects
may be produced and regulated by a variety of well-known other methods
now in use, and that the relative situations and dimensions may be variously
altered, according to the work wanted, or according to the circumstances of
local or other circumstances; as also, by the several improvements now in use,
the various parts of this machine, herein specified and described, may be made
in any material the most suitable for the purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Sharpe, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine.
5
WILLIAM (L.S.) SHARPE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirteenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord 1829, the aforesaid William Sharpe came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand oigh hundred and twenty-nine