IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING NUTS, BOLTS, AND RIVETS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Parsons, of Butlers Buildings, Cam-
bridge Heath Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING NUTS, BOLTS, AND RIVETS."
Sealed the 24th October 1861, and dated the 27th April 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Parsons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th April 1861.
I, WILLIAM HENRY PARSONS, of Butlers Buildings, Cambridge Heath
Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING NUTS, BOLTS, AND
RIVETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for making
nuts, bolts, and rivets. Nut blanks, according to the first part of my
Invention, are manufactured from bars or rods of metal of a circular section,
and of a diameter corresponding, or nearly so, with the diameter of the holes
nade through the nuts. In constructing machinery to carry out the above-
mentioned part of my Invention, the mechanism may be greatly varied, but
I prefer to construct a machine in the following manner, which is suitable,
when proper dies and punches are used therein, to be employed in the manų-

page_text: facture either of nuts, bolts, or rivets according to the nature of the dies and
punches used therein for the time being. When making bolts or rivets a
cam is applied on a shaft or axis suitable for acting on the moveable part of
the die (which is in two parts) so as to cause it to cut off the end of a rod or
bar of metal, and to grasp and hold it whilst having a head or enlarged end
formed thereon. On the same shaft or axis there is a face cam, which is
arranged with inclines to force up the punch so as to form the desired heads
or enlargement to the bolts or rivets, and there is also a cam on the same
shaft or axis, with inclines arranged to move back the punch after the head or
enlargement has been formed. The shaft or axis above mentioned may receive
rotatory motion in any convenient manner, but it is preferred to have a
parallel shaft or axis driven by a steam engine or other power, and to drive
the cam, axis, or shaft by a pinion on the parallel shaft taking into a cog
wheel on the cam, shaft, or axis.
When making nut blanks according to the first part of the Invention, it is
preferred to uso dies and punches formed and arranged in the following.
manner A punch of a section corresponding with the hexagonal or other
form of the intended nuts is used, by which the end of a metal bar or rod is
Within this
upset, and pressed into a hollow die of a corresponding section.
punch there is a cylindrical punch which, when the hexagonal or other formed
punch has acted, is caused to be protruded so as to punch a hole through the
metal which is within the die, and, by so doing, the bar or rod to which the
enlargement has been previously made will be severed from the enlargement,
which is then a perforated blank suitable for being formed into a screw nut.
The two punches receive their motion by suitable inclines formed on the face
cam above mentioned, or by other suitable means. In drawing back the
punches from the interior of the die, the nut blank comes out from the die
with the punches, but when the interior punch is drawn within the exterior
punch, the nut blank will fall off. The die is formed of two parts, one of
which is moveable, and is acted on by a cam in such manner as to close the
two parts of the die, when the end of the bar or rod has been passed into
the die a proper distance, and the metal will be held securely from being
pushed back by one end of the die, whilst the punches come forward and
upset the end of the bar or rod into the die, but such holding will be slightly
released when the inner punch commences its movement beyond the outer
punch, so that the bar or rod can move back as the end thereof is punched
out from the metal in the die to form the hole in the nut blank.
making nut blanks of iron or steel it is preferred that the metal should be
When

page_text: at a heat suitable for its being forged with the greatest facility; when making
nut blanks of other metals, they may be made hot or cold, depending on
whether the metals work best when hot or cold. In some cases, in place of
using cams to move the punches employed for making bolts and rivets, I act
on the punches by water or other fluid, forced by pistons or rams in such
manner that the water goes back with the rams of the punches, and is
again and again used in place of being run off each time from the cylinders
within which the rams of the punches work, which amongst other advantages
will admit of bolts and rivets of varied lengths being made in the same.
machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Henry Parsons in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th October 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY PARSONS, of Butlers Buildings, Cambridge Heath Road, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Henry Parsons, Her special licence that I, the said
William Henry Parsons, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Henry Parsons, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING NUTS, BOLTS, AND
RIVETS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I; the said William
Henry Parsons, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William. Henry Parsons, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for making
nuts, bolts, and rivets. Nut blanks, according to the first part of my Inven-
tion, are manufactured from bars or rods of metal of a circular section, and of
a diameter corresponding or nearly so with the diameter of the holes made
through the nuts. In constructing machinery to carry out the above-men-
tioned part of my Invention, the mechanism may be be greatly varied, but I
prefer to construct a machine in the following manner, which is suitable when
proper dies and punches are used therein to be employed in the manufacture
either of nuts, bolts, or rivets, according to the nature of the dies and punches
used therein for the time being. When making bolts or rivets a cam is
applied on a shaft or axis, suitable for acting on the moveable part of the die
(which is in two parts), so as to cause it to cut off the end of a rod or bar of
metal, and to grasp and hold it whilst having a head or enlarged end formed
thereon. On the same shaft or axis there is a face cam, which is arranged
with inclines to force up the punch, so as to form the desired heads or en-
largements to the bolts or rivets, and there is also a cam on the same shaft or
axis, with inclines arranged to move back the punch after the head or enlarge-
ment has been formed. The shaft or axis above mentioned may receive rota-
tory motion in any convenient manner, but it is preferred to have a parallel
shaft or axis driven by a steam engine or other power, and to drive the cam,
axis, or shaft by a pinion on the parallel shaft, taking into a cog wheel on the
cam, shaft, or axis.
When making nut blanks according to the first part of the Invention, it is
preferred to use dies and punches formed and arranged in the following
manner A punch of a section corresponding with the hexagonal or other
form of the intended nuts is used, by which the end of a metal bar or rod is
upset. and pressed into a hollow die of a corresponding section; within this
punch there is a cylindrical punch, which, when the hexagonal or other formed
punch has acted, is caused to be protruded so as to punch a hole through the
metal which is within the die, and by so doing the bar or rod to which the
enlargement has been previously made will be severed from the enlargement,
which is then a perforated blank, suitable for being formed into a screw nut.
The two punches receive their motion by suitable inclines formed on the face
cam above mentioned, or by other suitable means. In drawing back the

page_text: punches from the interior of the die, the nut blank comes out from the die with
the punches, but when the interior punch is drawn within the exterior punch
the nut blank will fall off. The die is formed of two parts, one of which is
moveable and is acted on by a cam, in such manner as to close the two parts
of the die when the end of the bar or rod has been passed into the die a
proper distance, and the metal will be held securely from being pushed back
by one end of the lie, whilst the punches come forward and upset the end of
the bar or rod into the die; but such holding will be slightly released when the
inner punch commences its movement beyond the outer punch, so that the bar
or rod can move back as the end thereof is punched out from the metal in the
die to form the hole in the nut blank. When making nut .blanks of iron or
steel, it is preferred that the metal should be at a heat suitable for its being
forged with the greatest facility. When making nut blanks of other metals
they may be made hot or cold, depending on whether the metals work best
when hot or cold. In some cases, in place of using cams to move the punches
employed for making bolts and rivits, I act on the punches by water or other
fluid forced by pistons or rams, in such manner that the water goes back with
the rams of the punches, and is again and again used in place of being run off
each time from the cylinders within which the rams of the punches work,
which, amongst other, advantages, will admit of bolts and rivits of varied
lengths being made in the same machine.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation of a machine combined according to the
Invention; Figure 2 is a plan thereof; Figure 3, a side, elevation with the
side framing removed; and Figure 4 shews a transverse section taken through.
the cam, shaft, or axis. In these views, as well as in those hereafter men-
tioned, the same letters of reference are employed to indicate the same
parts.
a, a, is the framing, the nature of which will readily be ascertained on
examining the Drawings; c is a shaft which receives motion from the shaft
or axis b, which is driven by a steam engine or other power. On the shaft b
On the face of
is a pinion d, which gears into the cog wheel e on the shaft c.
this wheel is formed or applied a series of cam surfaces f,f¹, which in the
arrangement shown, is suitably arranged for acting four times each revolution
of the wheel e on the compound punches used in making screw nut blanks.

page_text: Each cam consists of two parts, one of which is a broad incline f, wide enough
to act on the two parts of which the compound punches are constructed, and
the other incline f' is of a width only suitable for acting on the head of the
interior punch, which punches the hole in the blank, the cam surface f¹ pass-
ing between the forked end of the outer punch. The back ends or heads of
the punches have projections formed thereon, so as to be brought back by
opposite inclined cam surfaces g.
The combined punches consist, as before stated, of two parts, one sliding
within the other, but capable of acting as one punch when forcing up the end
of a rod of metal into the die, and then the inner punch is capable of being
acted on separately, so as to punch the central portion of the metal out from
the blank whilst it is in the die and between it and the outer punch; this will
be more readily understood by reference to Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, where
sections of the compound punches and part of the die are shewn together with
the cam surfaces f, f'.
In Figure 5, the cam surface f is just commencing to act on the end heads
of the combined punches h, h', the punching ends of which, whilst pressed on
by the cam surface f, act as a solid punch and force up the end of the rod of
metal into the die j, which is formed with a hexagonal or other chamber,
according to the form of blank which is to be produced therein; and the ex-
ternal punching end of the outer punch h is made to correspond with the
interior of the die j, which is of two parts and is actuated as bereafter
explained. Whilst the blank is being formed by forcing or upsetting the end
of the rod i into the die j, the rod i is retained from moving back, as will be
hereafter explained. The movement of the cam surfaces f,f', in the direction
of the arrow in Figure 5, will (when the cam surface f has ceased to act) have
brought the parts into the positions shown in Figure 6, when the cam surface
f¹ will commence acting and will force forward the inner punch ', the head of
which can move freely between the forked ends of the outer punch h, and this
time the rod i will no longer be retained from moving back; hence the further
movement of the cam surface f¹ will punch out the central metal of the blank,
which will then form the forward end of the rod i, which will be the part next
used, when the rod i is again introduced into and held within the die j.
Figure 7 shews the positions of the parts at the time the cam surface f¹ has
completed its action on the inner punch, and a shews the screw nut blank
which has been formed by first upsetting the end of the rod i in the die j, by
means of the joint action of the compound punches h, '; and secondly, by
punching out the central portion of the metal by the inner punch h¹.

page_text: Figure 8 shows the positions of the parts after the combined punches have
been withdrawn from the die, the blank being on the end of the inner
punch h¹, from which it will be removed when the inner punch has been drawn
into the outer punch. The die j is in two parts, one of which is fixed near
the upper end of the Jeyer k, which is constantly pressed towards the cam sur-
face l'by a weight at the other end of the cranked lever k. The cam surface 1,
when it is required that the die should be closed, will press against the truck
or roller k¹ on the lever k; but when the die is required to be open, the hollows
in the cam surface will admit of the roller or truck passing back into such
hollows. The die j is provided at its back end with nippers ³, one of which
is fixed at the end of the fixed part of the die, whilst the other part is move-
able and is constantly pressed towards the die surface m, which is so arranged
to press the moveable nipper ² towards the fixed one immediately the end of
the rod i has been fed forward, and the nippers securely hold the rod till the
conjoined action of the combined punches has completed their combined move-
ment and has formed the blank within the die; then a recess in the cam m²
allows the moveable part of the nippers to release their hold of the rod, so as
to allow it to be forced back by the inner punch as it comes forward and
punches out the central portion of the metal of the blank.
as
I would remark, in regard to this the first part of my Invention, that the
peculiarity consists in causing the end of a rod of metal to be upset and formed
into a blank, combined with the punching out of the central portion of the
metal to which the rod is attached, so that there is no waste; and although I
prefer the arrangement of mechanism shewn and described, the details thereof
may be varied.
The second part of my Invention consists in constructing a ram and punch
suitable for forming the heads or enlarged ends of bolts and rivits, in order to
admit of greater facility in producing, in the same machine and by the same
punch and ram, rivits and bolts with different lengths of stems, by simply
introducing water or it might be other fluid into the ram, so that the punch
and ram may at different times present different lengths between the cam or
excentric and the die.
Figure 9 shows a section of so much of a machine as will enable a mechanic,
aided by the description here given, readily to carry out this part of my Inven-
tion. n is one half of a die, similar to what has before been used; it is to be
formed and worked in such manner that when a rod of metal has been fed into
it, the proper length of the rod shall be cut off and gripped securely between
the two parts of which the die is composed, all which is well understood, and

page_text: forms no part of my Invention.
is the punch, the end of which is to be
formed as heretofore according to the shape desired to be given to the head of
the bolt or rivit. The punch o is mounted in a suitable inner ram o', which is
capable of sliding within the hollow outer rani 0%, against the outer end of
which the cam or excentric acts, when the proper quantity of water or other fluid
has been introduced into the outer ram to adjust the position of the punch, the
supply is to be shut off by a screw or other plug, and then the ram and punch
will act as if solid and of one piece, the water or other fluid being prevented
escaping between the inner and outer rams by a suitable cupped leather or
other packing.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Parsons, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
WILLIAM HENRY PARSONS. (L.s.)