Improvements in Machines for Opening Out or Combing Curled Hair.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Machines for Opening Out or Combing Curled Hair.
I, WILLIAM SAMUEL LAYCOCK, Victoria Street Works, City of Sheffield, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the construction of machinery for opening out or comb-
ing curled horse hair from the twist, in a more expeditious and effective manner
than heretofore, and without breaking the long hairs and thereby reducing the
value.
I construct a suitable framework to carry the various working parts of the
machine such as the various shafts and wheels of the driving gear and like parts,
and there are standards rising from the framework at the front and the back of
the machine, each carrying a pair of fluted rolls. A feed table upon which the
twists of hair are laid by the attendant and fed into the first or back rolls is fixed
level with the mouth of the rolls, and an inclined table formed by an endless
travelling belt receives the combed hair from the front rolls and delivers it into
n receiver.
Between the front and the back rolls is the comb, which consists of a number
of articulated strips of metal provided with rows of vertical pins forming a travel-
ling table covered with vertical pins or teeth, reaching from the back pair of
feed rolls, to the front delivery rolls.
The comb travels at twice the speed or thereabouts of the feed rolls, and the
delivery rolls at about twice the speed of the comb.
As each articulation or strip of the comb reaches the delivery rolls it is moved
downwards and travels under the upper strips rising to its position again at the
back of the others, this action being repeated by each strip in turn.
The hair which is in what is known as a soft twist is fed to the back rolls in
as many lengths as the width of the rolls will permit, and as it emerges from
the other side it is caught by the uprising comb before described and by the rest
in succession as it is carried forward.
The pull of the comb (owing to its quicker speed) opens out the twisted hair
until it is seized by the front rolls, and these in turn pull it from the comb without
any of the jerking inseparable from hand combing.
Over the bottom roll of the front pair, and over a similar roll fixed at the
bottom of the incline before mentioned I stretch an endless broad belt of rubber
or the like which is caused to travel by the action of the rolls, and down this
incline the combed hair is carried and drops into a receiver.
Doted the lot der of liebruary 1897
ROBT. F. DRURY, C.P.A.,
Agent for Applicant,
Bank Buildings, George Street, Sheffield.

page_text: SPORTS IN MAchines for opening out or Combing Curled Hair.
1, WILLIAM SAMUEL LAYTOCK, Victoria Street Works, City of Sheffield, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
sume has to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention relates to the construction of machine for opening out or combing
curled horse hair from the twist in a more expeditious and effective manner than
heretofore, and also without breaking the long hairs and thereby reducing the
value of same.
The annexed drawings represent a right and left hand elevation of the machine.
Fig. 1, is a right hand elevation.
Fig. 2, is a left hand elevation.
I construct a suitable framework A, to carry the various working parts or
mechanism of the machine, such as the shafts and wheels of the driving gear and
like parts.
Band B are roll standards rising from each side of the frame, each pair of
standards carrying a pair of rolls C, and C3, which are fluted or grooved longi-
tudinally. They are adjusted by means of screws and springs S, and the machine
can be started and stopped at either end by means of the connected hand levers L.
D, is a table upon which the twists of hair are laid by the attendant when feed-
ing them into the machine it has a free roller at the front end and a short portion
at the mouth of the rolls C is caused to travel, being made like a short endless belt
and passed round the lower roller of the pair C, and another D³ in front of same,
seen in the Fig. 1.
Between the two sets of rolls C, and C, is a travelling comb, or table of vertical
pins consisting of a set or number of strips or gill bars of ordinary construction
continuously moving from the rolls C, towards the rolls C.
This comb travels at twice the speed (or thereabouts) of the rolls C, and at about
half the speed of the delivery rolls C². The construction of the comb may be
varied, but the one I prefer is constructed exactly as in wool combing machines and I
therefore lay no claim to such.
The machine is driven by the pulley P, Fig. 2, and the various motions are
obtained through the wheels W, on the opposite side of machine Fig. 1.
The first rolls C, are driven by worm gear F, Fig. 2 and the delivery rolls by
the wheels W, gearing into wheel G, on the roll axle Fig. 1.
},
A "dabber" brush H, of the same width as the comb and used to press down
the hair into the pins of the comb, is carried by an arm I, to which an up and
down motion is imparted by an eccentric upon the shaft of the wheel J.
The part K, with screw is to adjust the pulley C, and inclined belt E, and M, is
a side board on each side of the comb to prevent the escape of hair as it passes
from one roll to the other.
The hair which is in the condition known as "soft twist," is placed
table 1), and fed by the attendant into the rolls C, as many twists being used as
on the
the width of the rolls will permit, and as it emerges from the opposite side of
the rolls, it is caught upon the pins of the comb and stretched out by reason of
its more rapid movement.
While travelling forward the hair is dabbed down amongst the pins of the
comb by the repeated strokes of the brush H, and is seized by the rolls C, which
running at a higher speed than the comb stretches or draws out the hair from
the comb and delivers it upon the travelling incline E, which in its turn deposits
it upon the floor, or into a receptacle.

page_text: By this mechanical arrangement the operation of combing curled hair is per-
formed with a minimum of damage to the hair, which is unavoidable with the
jerking action used in hand combing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim, is:
1. A machine for opening out or combing curled hair, constructed as herein-
before described and set forth in the drawings.
2. A machine for opening out or combing curled hair, having two pairs of
rolls, C, and C, with an intermediate endless travelling comb of ordinary gill bars
or fallers the said comb travelling at twice the speed or thereabouts as the first
pair of rolls C, and the second pair of rolls running at twice the speed of the comb
or thereabouts, substantially as hereinbefore described and shown.
Hated the 1st at Vivomo
1907
ROBT. F. DRURY.
Agent for Applicant.