IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS."-A com-
munication from abroad by Iverson Wilson Knapp, of the City of New
York, United States of America.
Sealed the 18th January 1861, and dated the 27th August 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1860.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the constructing of bakers' ovens with a series of
bread receivers or shelves swung or suspended between the ends of a reel
which is bung within the oven, so as to be capable of rotation, and arranged
in such relation with a discharging spout as to cause the loaves or other
articles occupying the shelves to be discharged automatically.
: The. Invention also relates to the arranging of a flue and damper relatively
with the fire chamber, oven, and hot air passages, so that all dust, smoke, and

page_text: gases from the fire chamber will be carried directly to the chimney, while the
pure beated air is allowed to ascend through the oven. From the back of the
fire chamber rises a vertical flue at the back of the oven. The bottom of the
oven forms the arch of the fire chamber. Across the oven a shaft runs, to
which are secured circular plates, which form the sides of the reel that carries
the swinging shelves. In the front of the oven is a shute leading from the
interior of the oven outward, and just above the inner end of the shute there are
placed guides, against which the edges of the shelves will come in contact as
the reel revolves. Above the shute is an opening closed by a sliding door, for
supplying bread or other material to be baked to the oven. At the sides and
back of the oven there are hot air flues or passages,, the lower parts of which
communicate with the fire chamber by side openings, and the upper parts with
the oven. At the upper part of the oven is a horizontal flue, which com-
municates at back with the vertical flue before mentioned, and is provided at
front with a damper contiguous to an opening in the top of the oven. At the
lower end of the vertical flue is a damper, which slides vertically therein, and
is operated at the front part of the oven by means of a chain, which passes up
through the vertical flue, extends over the horizontal flue, and projects down
in front of the masonry of the oven. The smoke, dust, and gases from the
fire chamber pass directly into the vertical flue, when its damper is raised,
while the heat as it radiates from the fire chamber will pass through the side
openings into the passages which communicate with the interior of the oven.
The heat having circulated through the oven will pass out at the opening in
the horizontal flue. By this arrangement the contents of the oven are pre-
vented from being vitiated by contact with gases, smoke, and dust, a contingency
which occurs to a greater or less extent in all bakers' ovens which admit of
the products of combustion passing directly through them.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the. Letters Patent, filed`
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 27th February 1861.
[ TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED.
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex,, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
8
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord 3
One thousand eight hundred and. sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign.

page_text: did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred Vincent
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might.
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention 'for
." IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS," being a communication from abroad,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said 'Alfred Vincent Newton,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to bo performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention, as communicated to me from abroad, relates to the con-
struction of bakers' ovens with a series of bread receivers or shelves swung or
suspended between the ends of a reel which is hung within the oven, so as to
be capable of rotation, and arranged in such relation with a discharging spout
as to cause the loaves or other articles occupying the shelves to be discharged
automatically, when sufficiently baked, from the oven.
The Invention further relates to the arranging of a flue and damper
relatively with the fire chamber, oven, and hot air passages, so that all dust,
smoke, and gases from the fire chamber will be carried directly to the chimney,
while the pure heated air is allowed to ascend through the oven. By this
arrangement the contents of the oven are prevented from being vitiated by
contact with gases, smoke, and dust, a contingency which occurs to a greater
or less extent in all bakers' ovens which admit of the products of combustion
passing directly through them.
'
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the improved
oven taken through the middle of the same, in a line parallel with the fire-
bars; Fig. 2 is a cross section, taken in the line y, y. of Fig. 1; and Fig. 8 is
a sectional plan, taken in the line 2, 3, of Fig. 2.
.
In these Figures A is the fire chamber, and B, the ash-pit. The fire

page_text: chamber is covered in with a brick arch a, and in the side and end lining
walls of this chamber openings b, b, are made for the passage upwards of the
heated gases
of combustion. At the back of this chamber is a large central
opening, which opens a communication with a vertical flue C leading off to the
chimney. D is the oven or baking chamber, formed by carrying up the lining
,walls at the back and sides, and by the main wall in front. The roof of the
oven is formed by a brick arch, which is not completed to the front wall, in
'order to provide an escape passage for the ventilation of the oven. In the
main side walls bearings are provided for a cross shaft D', to which (within the
oven) a pair of discs a' is keyed. These discs form the ends of a kind of
reel G, which carries the loaves or other articles intended to be baked.
Suspended from these discs by means of stud pins are four shelves or plat
forms g¹, which are free to swing, but as the reel is slowly rotated have a
tendency to maintain a horizontal position. One end of the shaft D¹ outside
the oven is fitted with a spur wheel for effecting the rotation of the reel. Near
the floor of the oven, and in the front wall, a shute E is fitted, down which it is
intended to discharge-the baked loaves. Immediately above the mouth of the
shute E¹ there are placed guides c, against, which the edges of the shelves or
platforms g¹ will come 'in contact cas "the reel revolves. Above the shute E¹
there is an opening F, for supplying.bread or other material to be baked to
the oven. This opening F is closed by a sliding door G¹. The shute E¹ will
also have a suitable door 'for closing it during the baking. The platforms g¹
are each in succession brought opposite the opening F by the rotation of the
shaft D', and a supply of dough or other material or substance to be baked
placed thereon. All doors are then closed, and the baking process commences,
and when finished the reel is revolved, and the front edges of the platforms g
are consecutively tilted, in consequence of coming in contact with the guides c¹,
the platforms being inclined to an angle of about 45°, or corresponding to that
of the shute E¹, so that the contents of the platforms will, by.gravity, be
discharged into and through the shute E. 'At the sides and back of the
oveň D there are hot air'flues' or passages E, the lower parts of which com-
municate with the 'fire chamber A by the openings b, and the upper parts of
these flues or passages communicate with 'the oven' D by openings c. At the
upper part of the oven D there is a horizontal flue F, which 'communicates at
back with the vertical flue C, and is provided at front with a damper d. This
end of the 'flue is contiguous to an opening e 'in the top of the oven, 'see
Figure 1. At the lower end of the flue C there is a damper f. This damper
slides vertically in the lower part of its flue, and it is operated at the front part
of the oven by means of a chain g, which is attached to the damper, and passes

page_text: up through the flue C, it thence extends over the horizontal flue F, and
projects down in front of the masonry of the oven, as shown in Figure 1..
From the above description it will be seen, that by raising the damper f, the
smoke, dust, and gases from the fire chamber will pass directly into the flue C,
while the heat as it radiates from the fire chamber will pass through the
openings 6 into the passages E, and from thence through the openings c into
the oven D; and out from the oven through the opening e into the horizontal
flue f, the damper d of which may be open, to create a draught when the
valve F is closed. When the fire is kindling the damper fis fully opened, in
order to obtain a strong draught to carry off the smoke, gases, &c., which are
eliminated in excess until perfect combustion ensues. As the fire progresses
or gets under way, the damper ƒ may be gradually lowered, and the products
of combustion which do not contain, under a perfect combustion of the fuel, any
appreciable amount of noxious gases or vapors are allowed to pass through
The ordinary bakers' ovens which admit all the products of com-
bustion through the oven at all times cause the articles under process of
baking to have a bad taste imparted to them, and many materials or sub-
stances are thereby frequently rendered utterly worthless.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of improvements in
bakers' ovens, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent,
I claim,-
1st, the application to bakers' ovens of the self-discharging reel.
2nd, the means above described, whereby the hot air from the fire chamber
is allowed to pass into and through the oven, while the smoke, dust, and
sulphurous gases when evolved are allowed to pass directly into the chimney.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of February in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON (L.S.)