New Adhesive Substance or Gum, and Process for the Manufacture thereof.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New Adhesive Substance or Gum, and Process for the Manufacture
thereof.
I, JOHN EVERSHED, of Kenley, in the County of Surrey, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of a new adhesive material or gum
applicable to most of the purposes for which various gums and adhesive sub-
stances are used, and possessing advantages inasmuch as it is capable of being
made particularly clear and bright, is odourless, not liable to spontaneous fer-
mentation and is non hygroscopic. It is therefore greatly superior to the ordi-
nary solutions of dextrine and the like.
Hitherto the different varieties of dextrine and other allied products have been
used, as, and in the manufacture of, substitutes for natural gums but until now
the class of carbohydrates known as the sugars have not been available for the
purpose.
I have found that a viscous compound resembling dextrine is formed when a
sugar or allied carbohydrate is acted upon by boracic acid and an alkali or
alkaline earth which compound has not previously been known or used in the
arts.
According to my invention I employ one of the well known carbohydrates,
more particularly saccharine substances or sugars, such for instance as glucose,
maltose, sucrose, lævulose, dextrose, invert sugar, treacle, molasses, beet sugar,
cane sugar, dextrine, starch, or the like, and add water thereto and heat until the
whole is dissolved or has become fluid and then add boracic acid preferably in
the form of powder and stir thoroughly and allow to cool. I then add an alkali
or one of the alkaline earths or other oxide hydrate or carbonate such as soda,
potash, ammonia, lime, baryta, strontia, magnesia or the like or a mixture of
two or more of them and stir in after which I warm the compound again and
allow it to cool. The product is a substance of adhesive nature its properties
and qualities varying to some extent according to the particular articles employed
in its manufacture.
11 011 1
1000
NEWNHAM BROWNE,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New Adhesive Substance or Gum, and Process for the Manufacture
thereof.
I, JOHN EVERSHED, of Kenley, in the County of Surrey, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
Price 11

page_text: same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
-
My invention relates to the manufacture of a new adhesive material or gum
applicable to most of the purposes for which various gums and adhesive sub-
stances are used, and possessing advantages inasmuch as it is odourless, not liable
to spontaneous fermentation and is non-hygroscopic. It is also capable of being
made particularly clear and bright. For these reasons it is greatly superior to
the ordinary solutions of dextrine and the like.
Hitherto the different varieties of dextrine and other allied products have been
used as, and in the manufacture of, substitutes for natural gums, but until now
the class of carbohydrates known as the sugars have not been available for this
purpose.
I have found that a viscous compound is formed when one of the said carbo-
hydrates is acted upon by boracic acid and an alkaline earth, which compound
or product has not previously been manufactured for use in the arts.
According to my invention I employ one of the well known carbohydrates of
the sugar group, such as glucose, maltose, sucrose, levulose, invert sugar, treacle,
beet-sugar or cane-sugar. In actual practice I find it most advantageous to use
glucose, adding water thereto and heating until the whole is dissolved. I then
add boracic acid preferably in the form of powder and stir throroughly and
allow the mixture to cool. I then add, also in the form of powder,
an alkaline earth, such as lime, baryta, strontia, magnesia, or a
mixture of two or more of them, but I prefer to use calcined magnesia and
have obtained the best results therewith.
A modification of the process is to add the boracic acid and the alkaline earth
in small quantities alternately, beginning with the boracic acid.
.
The product is a substance of an adhesive nature, its properties and qualities
varying to some extent according to the nature and quality of the articles
employed in its manufacture.
The following proportions have been found to give good results, and the modified
method of conducting the operation is that which I find most advantageous in
actual practice.
Glucose
Boracic acid
Calcined magnesia
112. lbs.
40 to 50 lbs.
25 to 35 lbs.
I dissolve the glucose in four gallons of water, in a steam jacketed vessel
heating it until solution is complete. I then run the hot solution into a wooden
mixing vat, and, starting with the liquid at a temperature of 60 degrees Centi-
grade, I add the boracic acid and the calcined magnesia (both in the state of
powder) in small quantities alternately, so that there may not at any time be
too great an excess of either of them, stirring all the time until they are
thoroughly incorporated.
During the operation the temperature rises and care must be exercised not
to allow it to rise above 80 degrees Centigrade as any increase of temperature
above this would tend to damage the colour of the product. To prevent such
undue rise of temperature I find it convenient, and generally sufficient, to add
the materials slowly. In case of necessity however cold water or ice may be
added. The use of metallic vessels and implements is to be avoided on account
of the chemical action between a metallic surface and the mixture. The above
formula is intended for the production of gum for ordinary purposes, and I use
glucose in preference to any of the other saccharine substances mentioned prin-
cipally on account of its low price, and also because it yields very satisfactory
results.
If is is desired to make a gum of special clearness and brightness, larger pro-
portions of boracic acid and magnesia must be used, varying according to the
particular circumstances, up to as much as 84 lbs of boracic acid, and up to

page_text: 70 lbs. of calcined_magnesia, adding sufficient water to reduce the density to
about 60 degrees Twaddle.
The proportions may be varied within wide limits, according to the nature
and quality of the material used, and according to the qualities desired in the
product.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The new product or article of manufacture being an adhesive substance or
artificial gum made by the action on one of the carbohydrates known as sugars,
of boracic acid and an alkaline earth, substantially as herein before described.
2. The new adhesive substance or artificial gum made from the materials and
in the manner substantially as herein before described.
3. The manufacture of an adhesive substance or chemical gum substantially
as hereinbefore described.
4. Manufacturing an adhesive substance or artificial gum by submitting one
of the carbohydrates known as sugars to the action of boracic acid and an alka-
line earth substantially as described.