IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Batt, of Waterhouse Mill, Milnthorpe, in
the County of Westmoreland, Paper Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY."
Sealed the 1st March 1864, and dated the 5th September 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Batt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on 'the 5th
September 1863.
I, RICHARD BATT, of Waterhouse Mill, Milnthorpe, in the County of
Westmoreland, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
The pulp is received from the vat upon an endless web of wire similar in
most respects to the endless web in the Fourdrinier machine. The cylinder at
the end farthest from the vat is according to my Invention of wirework or
openwork in order to allow the water from the pulp to pass through. Above
this cylinder a roll is placed, round which the felt (the only one used) runs,
conveying the pulp in an upward direction. The pulp is thus conveyed in
one endless web from the vat to the drying cylinder, the felt being carried on
to a convenient point of the framing, and provided with washer and squeeze
rolls to cleanse it after having delivered the pulp to the drying cylinder. The
drying cylinder is heated (with steam (for instance) introduced into its interior)
and does not require felting to be used. Couch jacketting is also dispense<
with, the ordinary couch rolls not being used.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Batt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th March 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
BATT, of Waterhouse Mill, Milnthorpe, in the County of Westmoreland,
Paper Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Richard Batt, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Batt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Richard Batt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Richard Batt, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Batt, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My improvements have for their object not only the prevention of loss of
stuff in making thin papers through breakages at the wire and press bowls,
but also greater economy in the use of felting, and in the general mole
of working, and likewise to facilitate the use of a much lower quality of
material than has heretofore been practicable in making certain classes of paper
with the ordinary machinery. These improvements, whilst simplifying the
general process, involve a ready and comparatively inexpensive adaptability
to existing machinery, and possess the advantage of obtaining an unbroker
passage of the web of pulp (how thin soever) from the vat to the drying

page_text: cylinder, the use of press bowls as well as of the ordinary couch rolls being
dispensed with. A machine constructed in accordance with my improvements
is capable of running when making "tissue" or "small-hand" at any required
speed according to the capacity of the drying cylinder or cylinders and the
driving power without that liability of breakage (whether at the wire or press
bowls) and consequent necessity of "piecing up" with which all makers
of thin paper who work on the usual English principle are more or less
familiar.
My said improvements comprise the use of the following particular arrange-
ments by virtue of which the Fourdrinier wire is made to work effectually
in connection with what is called the American cylinder. The pulp is
received from the vat upon the endless web of wire of the Fourdrinier
machine. At the end of this wire farthest from the vat is the moulding
cylinder, which is constructed partly of wood or of metal, and partly of wire-
work or openwork (whether grooved or perforated) in order to allow the water
from the pulp to pass away as the latter is here couched. To accomplish this
a roll softened by loose woollen lappings is placed above the cylinder, round
which and between it and the cylinder an endless felt (the only one used)
runs, and conveys the pulp upon its upper surface in an upward direction to
be pressed by passing between a metal or other bowl, and a heated cylinder
which subsequently dries it into paper. The pulp is thus conveyed in one
unbroken web from the vat to the drying cylinder, the felt being carried on
(as in ordinary machines) to a convenient point of the framing, and provided
with washers and squeeze rolls to cleanse it after having delivered the pulp to
the drying cylinder. The latter is heated with steam introduced into its
interior, and does not require the use of felting. The ordinary couch jacketting
is also dispensed with, as the ordinary couch rolls are not used. Thus I am
enabled to effect the couching of a web of pulp at a point where, leaving the
Fourdrinier wire, it passes between a cylinder, whose surface consists of
grooved or perforated wood or metal or wire or other openwork and the
softened roll heretofore described; the felt taking it on between two metal or
other surfaces to be pressed and subsequently dried as aforesaid.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING,
accompanying this Specification illustrating the nature and manner of per-
forming or putting in practice the said Invention by an elevational side view.
In the said Drawing a denotes the moulding cylinder with the wire (b) passing
over it; c, the roll with the felt (d) passing over it, and which impinges upon
the said cylinder. The course of the pulp and paper is shewn by the direction

page_text: of the arrow heads and that of the endless felt by the lines coloured blue, and
marked A. The other details will be at once understood by referring to the
explanatory notes accompanying the Drawing.
Having now particularly ascertained and described the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare
that I claim the improvements and arrangements herein-before described, and
as illustrated by the accompanying Drawing, whereby I practically realize that
economy in the use of the ordinary raw material, and that adaptability to the
working of the lower and less expensive classes of fibres (in the case of thin
papers more especially), which I have already indicated and set forth, and
which I declare to be the object and intention of my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Batt, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
PETER ALLEN,
Doctor of Medicine,
Yealand Conyers,
Lancaster.
RICHARD BATT. (L.S.)