AN IMPROVED MODE OF GENERATING STEAM OR HEATING WATER OR LIQUIDS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leopold Wiart, of Cambrai, in the Empire of France,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF GENERATING
STEAM OR HEATING WATER OR LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 25th February 1859, and dated the 80th August 1858.
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by the said Leopold Wiart at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1858.
I, LEOPOLD WIART, of Cambrai, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE
-OF GENERATING STEAM OR HEATING WATER OR LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of an improved mode of generating steam or heating water
or liquids relates to the application to steam boilers or generators, or
other apparatus for heating or evaporating liquids, of a contrivanco for
increasing the transmission of heat to the liquids contained in vessels in which
they are intended to be heated or evaporated, and consists in the introduction
into such vessels of metal conductors made in the form of thin bands or straps,.
arranged in spiral, convolute, serpentine, or other forms, whereby a largely
increased heating surface can be obtained by the conduction of the heat from
the sides, bottom, or other part of the vessel which is in contact with or is acted
unon-hy the fire
ISH

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Leopold Wiart in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEOPOLD
WIART, of Cambrai, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Horself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Leopold Wiart, Her special license that I, the said Leopold Wiart,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Leopold
Wiart, ny excentors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF GENERATING
STEAM, OR HEATING WATER OR LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Leopold Wiart, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,-
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Leopold Wiart, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to bo particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the. Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
:
My Invention of "An. Improved Mode of Generating Steam or Heating
Water or Liquids" is based upon the following physical principle, viz, that
on bringing a metal and water simultaneously in contact with a heated surface
in any manner, the mictal will absorb the caloric from the heated surface more
readily than the surrounding water, and will thereby itself become a heating
surface; and if the metal be placed in the boiler or generator in the form of
strips or bands, one part of which is in contact with the boiler, and the other
is immersed in the body of the water, heat will be transmitted by means of this
conductor to the middle of the body of water, by, which means the heat
generated by combustion will be better utilized, and, the quantity of steam
produced from a given expenditure of fuel increased...
dis

page_text: The metal employed for this purpose should be inexpensive, as little
oxidizable as possible, a good conductor of heat, malleable, and tenacious.. As
all these conditions are fulfilled by the employment of copper, I prefer to
employ that metal in carrying out my Invention.
For this purpose I first cut into strips (about one-third of an inch wide)
any old copper that may be available, and straighten and anneal them if
necessary. If it be requisito to reduce the thickness of the strips of metal,
this may be effected by rolling them down to the required gauge; their
thickness should be from one-sixtieth to one-thirtieth of an inch. With these
bands or strips of metal frames or gratings are made in the manner hereafter'
described.
These frames should be of such a width as to be readily introduced into the
boilers; they may, for example, be from ten to twelve inches wide, and their
length is determined by the extent of surface to be covered with the metal
framing. For example, suppose it be required to fit an ordinary boiler about
twenty-seven feet long by three in diameter, having tubes also about twenty-
seven feet in length and twenty inches in diameter, in this case the metal
frames are to be placed side by side; their length being perpendicular to the
axis of the boiler; this length will be equal to half the circumference of the
boiler, say about five feet, for the tubes this length will be about three feet.
The method which I have found the most simple for manufacturing this
metal, framing will be understood from the following description, referenco
being also had to the accompanying Drawing.
i.
From the bands or strips of metal prepared as above mentioned, five of the
required length (say five feet) are united at their extremities by two transverse
strips or bands about ten inches in length in such a manner as to be parallel
to and at equal distances from each other, the principal bands being consoli-
dated by means of two or three intermediate strips set at equal distances apart
(see Fig. 1), and rivetted together by means of copper rivets. This species
of grating having been. made, bands of copper are passed between them'
transversely to their length, in the same manner as in making straw matting.
Some of these bands are about twenty inches or more in length, and these are
adjusted so as to pass under the two end bands, and are turned up vertically
(see Fig. 2). The other bands, which are placed between the preceding ones,
are between ten and twelve inches in length, and their ends are bent under
the end bands (sec Fig. 3). Any pieces which have proved unserviceable in
making the grating, on account of their shortness, are made use of in the
following manner :-They are passed under the main bands and turned up
and twisted as shewn in Figure 2. When the framing is thus finished it will

page_text: be furnished wi umber of strips of metal which servo * conductors for
the caloric, the lower and flat surface of the framo resting upon the heated.
surface of the boiler. These gratings are then placed side by side over the.
whole surface of the boiler, which is covered with the water to be converted,
into steam.
The dimensions of these gratings will necessarily vary according to those of
the boilers to which they are to be applied. The quantity of copper employed
will not in general exceed twenty pounds per horse power. These frames may.
be easily removed from the boiler when the boiler requires to be cleaned. It
will be advisable to place in the boiler a suitable quantity of carbonate of soda
or other substance proper for preventing incrustation, or the copper will bo.
liable to become covered with a non-conducting calcareous crust, which would
provent it from acting as a good conductor of boat.. Moreover, with this
precaution, the boiler may be cleaned without displacing the gratings. It will
only be necessary for this purpose to open the cock for letting out the water
as soon as the fires aro distinguished, the water will continue to boil for some
time, and the sediment will be held in suspension and driven off with the
water. It will therefore be possible to continue working for some time
without perfectly cleaning out the boiler.
Having now described my Invention of "An Improved Mode of Generating.
Steam or Heating Water or Liquids," and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent as aforesaid the introduction into boilers, steam generators, or
evaporating vessels of strips, bands, or frames made of thin copper or other
suitable metal which is a good conductor of heat, and which strips, bands, or
frames, when suitably adapted and arranged as herein set forth, will conduct
and transmit the heat to the water or other liquid, and will thereby greatly
facilitate the generation of steam or heating of the water or liquid.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leopold Wiart have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Seventeenth day of February, in the year. of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
5