Improvements in the Manufacture of Bricks and the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Bricks and the like.
I, FRANCIS AUGUSTUS REMINGTON NEILL, Engineer, Wolverhampton House.
Raven Street, St. Helens, Lancashire; do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists in improvements in the manufacture of bricks, blocks or
tiles and the like, suitable for building or other purposes. The object I have in
view being the utilization for this purpose of various waste products hereafter
enumerated--such for instance as-the sand or sludge resulting from the grinding
of plate glass, cinders and ashes from furnaces, kilns, gas producers, etc., waste
lime from chemical works or other sources.
I find the following proportions most suitable for my purpose:--
1. Sludge or sand from glass grinding
Powdered cinders or ashes
-
I part
1 part
These ingredients are thoroughly incorporated and when in a semi plastic or dry
state moulded into brick tiles, blocks or the like.
2. Sludge or sand from glass
China clay
Ball clay
-
3. Sludge or sand
Waste or ordinary lime
10 parts
-
2 parts
1 part
10 parts
-
1 part
The goods formed from the foregoing admixtures are fired in the ordinary
way, but they can be treated by any of the methods employed by potters for the
production of brindle red blue or enamel bricks.
I may in some instances replace the sludge with ordinary or sea sand.
The foregoing proportions suffice for bricks of ordinary type, if however, hard
bricks are required the proportion of sludge or sand may be increased or if softer
bricks are required the proportion of cinders, clay or lime is increased.
Dated this Sih day of February 1898.
FRANCIS M. ROGERS,
Agent for Applicant,
21, Finsbury Pavement, London, E.C.,

page_text: 1, FRANCIS
Raven Street, St. Helens, Lancashire, do hereby declare the nature of this in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statements;-
My invention consists in improvements in the manufacture of bricks, blocks, or
tiles, and the like, suitable for building or other purposes, the object I have in
view being the utilisation for this purpose of various waste products hereinafter
enumerated, such for instance as the sand or sludge resulting from the grinding
of plate glass, cinders and ashes from furnaces, kilns, gas producers, or the like;
waste lime from chemical works or other sources. I find the following propor-
tions most suitable for my purpose:--
(1.) Sludge or sand from glass grinding
Powdered cinders or ashes
1 part
-
1 part
These ingredients are thoroughly incorporated and when in a semi-plastic or
semi-dry state, moulded into bricks, tiles, blocks, or the like,
(2.) Sludge or sand
Waste or ordinary lime
10 parts
1 part
The goods formed from the foregoing admixtures are fired in the ordinary
way, but they can be treated by any of the methods employed by potters for the
production of brindle, red, blue, or enamel bricks. I may in some instances
replace the sludge with ordinary or sea sand.
The foregoing proportions suffice for bricks of ordinary type; if, however, hard
bricks are required, the proportion of sludge or sand may be increased; if softer
bricks are required, the proportion of cinders, or lime is increased.
I carry out my invention as follows:-
I take the waste sand or sludge as it occurs in the settling reservoirs or waste
heaps, and mix with it a proportion of finely pulverised ashes or cinders, or lime.
When thoroughly incorporated either in a plastic, semi-plastic, or semi-dry con-
dition (semi-dry by preference) These mixtures are moulded into bricks, blocks,
tiles, or the like, by hand or any suitable machinery and burnt in clamps or a
kiln.
Bricks, tiles, blocks or the like thus formed can be treated by any of the
methods employed by brick manufacturers to produce brindle, red, blue, or
enamel bricks, blocks, tiles, or the like.
Where waste sand or sludge from the grinding of plate glass cannot be obtained
cheaply, I may use or substitute sea or other sand and mix the same with ashes,
cinder or lime and water if needed to produce a plastic or semi-plastic condition, the
materials being then moulded into bricks, blocks, or the like and fired. The
waste sand or sludge from the grinding of plate glass may be used for the manu-
facture of bricks, blocks, tiles or the like by mixing it in the following propor-
tions:-
(1.) Waste sand or sludge from plate glass grinding
Powdered cinders or ashes
-
1 part
-
1 part
(2.) Waste sand or sludge from plate glass grinding
Waste lime
-
10 parts
1 part

page_text: dry condition (semi-dry by preference) is moulded into bricks, blocks, tiles or the
like, and may be treated by any of the methods employed by manufacturers to
produce brindle; red, blue, or enamel bricks. It will be understood that the
proportions of the ingredients specified may be slightly varied to suit the quality
of bricks, blocks, tiles, or the like required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be under-
stood that I am aware that it has been proposed to employ the sand or sludge
resulting from the grinding and polishing of glass, together with a suitable flux
or fluxing material, for the manufacture of bricks and the like, and that lime
or alkali waste has been proposed as a fluxing material, and I make no general
claim to the use of these materials for this purpose, but I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) In the manufacture of bricks, blocks, tiles and the like, the use and employ-
ment of sludge or waste sand from plate glass grinding incorporated with pow-
dered cinders or ashes in the proportions specified and for the purposes herein
set forth.
(2.) In the manufacture of bricks, blocks, tiles and the like, the use and employ-
ment of sludge or waste sand from plate glass grinding incorporated with
waste lime in the proportions specified and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 23rd day of Octol 1900.
FRANCIS M. ROGERS,
Agent for the Applicant,
21, Finsbury Pavement, London, E.C.