IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF UTILIZING THE EXHAUST IN STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Mudge Marchant, of Kirby Street, Hatton
Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF UTILIZING THE EXHAUST IN STEAM
AND OTHER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
Sealed the 27th October 1871, and dated the 25th July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Mudge Marchant
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th July 1871.
I, ROBERT MUDGE MARCHANT, of Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF UTILIZING THE
EXHAUST IN STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of continuing the use of any manu-
factured or heated steam, air, or other gaseous body instead of discharging

page_text: it into space after that expression of its direct pressure and elastic power
which is represented by the power obtainable from any steam "white
cloud," or other engine in which any gaseous body or mixture thereof is
made to provide the motive power. Generally, it consists in the pro-
vision of an exhaust chamber to receive the exhausted steam, air, or
other gaseous body, which exhaust chamber is retained at pressures
below that of the gaseous body, which is so expanded during the
expression of its power, by pumping such expanded gaseous body
forwards to the pressure required for its repeated use. By such process,
instead of condensing the steam manufactured with great loss of the
heat expended for its manufacture, it is again compressed with the
heat in it to the required pressure for its repeated use, and the exhaust
chamber is retained at an inferior pressure to that expanded pressure
which is represented by the full use of the steam, air, or other gas or
combination of gas with or without steam, which is again compressed
(with all the heat remaining in it) to the required expression of power
for use. Therefore, instead of one use of the heat applied, and its escape
after such use into space, or its condensation into water, to be again
manufactured into steam, the whole of the expenditure of fuel repre-
sented by heat is retained within the engine itself, and the only waste of
such heat is by radiation and by escape from the safety valves, which
latter escape
is acted on and stopped by lowering the fire. The required
balance is so obtained for the expression of any determined power, which
is so provided by a continual circulation under such circumstances of all
that has been obtained by the total expenditure of fuel, the whole being
stored up in the manner stated instead of being allowed to escape into
space.
The white cloud engine is more specially applicable for such intro-
duction, the requirements from such a chamber for it being simply the
connection of the exhaust pipe with such chamber, and the connection
of the steam pipe from such chamber with any pump storing an inferior
pressure to that retained in the exhaust chamber, such pump not being
the first of the series.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Mudge Marchant in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
MUDGE MARCHANT, of Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engincer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, Her special
licence that I, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Mudge
Marchant, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF UTILIZING THE EXHAUST IN
STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention provides the means of using in continuous circuit
any existing or manufactured or heated gas, such gas consisting of
either steam, air, or other gaseous fluid or combination thereof, and
being used in such manner that instead of being discharged into space
or condensed into water after a single use thereof, it is repumped to

page_text: any determined working pressure in its already heated gaseous state
for continuous use in any established circuit thereof. For this purpose
I provide an exhaust chamber or regulator which is intended to store
up and regulate that proportion of such circuit which from its ex-
cessive volume may not be repumped to the working pressure with
every revolution of the engine, so that any determined exhaust or back
pressure may be contained in such chamber or regulator. Such deter-
mined pressure represents the back pressure on the piston, as also that
of the heated atmosphere supplied to the pumps; the power exercised
by the engine being the expression due to the expansion of the gaseous
fluid between the working pressure supplied to the cylinder or other
application and such regulated exhaust pressure. The exhaust chamber
or regulator only receives and regulates that surplus in volume of the
exhaust, which the inferior capacity of the pump renders it incapable
of continuing in circuit.
As the stage process of pumping used in the "white cloud engine,"
and described in the Specification of my Patents, dated respectively
28th January 1869 (No. 264); 13th April 1870, (No. 1086), and
1st March 1871 (No. 546), provides the means of attaining any desired
proportionate size of pump. This regulator although always necessary,
to provide for the varying circumstances under which the engine may
be working, is called less into action as those perfected proportions are
attained which provide for the passage by the pumps of the whole of the
exhaust supply. So to regulate the back pressure due to the accumu-
lation of any surplus of the exhaust supply over and above that pumped
forward in continuous circuit the exhaust chamber or regulator is
provided with a safety valve, by the regulation of which the back
pressure is confined within any determined limit; it is also provided
with a steam-tight pipe, or with pipes which pass water from any
exterior supply through this exhaust regulator in the same manner
that the products of combustion are passed by tubular pipes through
an ordinary locomotive boiler. In such manner the accumulated storage
of the surplus may be acted on by condensation to any extent required,
and by the regulation of such water circuit through the pipe or pipes
traversing the regulator or chamber, any required pressure can be main-
tained in it. To effect such action the exhaust pipe from any engine is
taken direct to the suction valve of the pump, which continues the
circuit, and a branch pipe from such exhaust is continued to the chamber

page_text: The gauges, pipes, and other appliances for ascertaining and limiting
the condensation effected in the accumulated surplus of the exhaust
supply, or for cleaning out the regulator or chamber are of the ordinary
character, and may be varied at will, as may also the material and con-
struction of the chamber or regulator, provided only that it be supplied
with means of regulating the pressure of such accumulated surplus, and
with the other evident and necessary and well-known appliances.
By such means engines can be constructed without other outlet than
the high-pressure safety valve for the working pressure, and the low-
pressure safety valve to the exhaust chamber or regulator. The con-
tinuation of the circuit of all within the engine itself being limited
and regulated by the action of these safety valves, so that when the
high-pressure safety valve blows off, the fire should be checked, and
when the low-pressure blows off, the condensing circuit should be given,
or both valves further weighted so as to apply the expansion of the
gas between higher pressures.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of January
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.