Improvements in Cylinder Locks.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 8th Sept., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylinder Locks.
I, EMERICH DE MARSOVSZKY, of Felsö erdösör uteza 25, Budapest, Kingdom of
Hungary, Empire of Austria, Chief-engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The present invention relates to a simplified form of cylinder lock having a
compound key, and consists of a lock housing containing only two rotary cylinders
the key bit having an immoveable and a moveable bit section. The device
consists of the details of construction herein after set forth and particularly
pointed out in the claims:-
In order to render the present specification easily intelligible reference is had
to the accompanying drawing in which similar letters of reference denote similar
parts throughout the several views:―
Fig. 1 is a rear elevation of the lock with the back cover removed showing the
parts locked, and indicating the unlocked position of the same in dotted lines,
the said lock being applied for use in connection with railway vans or trucks,
Fig. 2 a plan of the locking disc, Fig. 3 a front elevation of the same, Fig. 4 a
section on line D-D of Figure 2, Fig. 5 a plan of the bolt disc, Fig. 6 a front
elevation of the same, Fig. 7 a section on line E-E of Figure 5, Fig. 8 a plan
of the base plate Fig. 9 a section on line F-F of Figure 8, Fig. 10 a section
on line G-G of Figure 8, Fig. 11 an elevation of the key, Fig. 12 a vertical
section through the bit, Fig. 13 a horizontal section through the bit on the
line H-H of Figure 11, Fig. 14 a section on line J-J of Figure 12,
Fig. 15 a section on line K-k of Figure 12, Fig. 16 a plan showing the opera-
tion of the parts when the key is inserted into the keyhole, Fig. 17 a similar
view showing the position of the parts at the unlocking of the sections of the
bit, Fig. 18 a similar view showing the bit about to operate the bolt cylinder
and Fig. 19 a similar view showing the bolt cylinder turned and unlocked.
Fig. 20 is a horizontal section showing the arrangement of the cylinders.
In order to render the present specification as brief and explicit as possible
the key will first be described, then the various cylinders in the order of their
arrangement and finally the operation of the parts with reference to Figures 16
to 20 inclusive.
Referring to Figures 11 to 15, the key consists of the shaft 22 having thereon
a stationary bit 23, with a downward projection overlapping the moveable bit
scetion 25 and adapted to be locked to the latter by means of a series of hori-
zontally disposed spring pressed bolts 26, 27. These bolts are of various lengths
as is usual with keys of this description, so that when a certain set of operating
pins are inserted at the front end of the stationary bit so as to press the bolts 26
back, the one bit section may be separated from the other as soon as the lines
of juncture of the sets of bolts 26, 27 coincide with the line of juncture of the
bits as will be evident. The stationary bit section 23 contains the vertical
recesses adapted, as herein after set forth, to operate the bolt disc releasing pins
or bolts after the sections have been separated in the lock.

page_text: The base plate of the lock is illustrated in Figs. S to 10 and is provided with
a cam surface 4, adapted to operate a series of spring pins mounted on the locking
disc to disengage the bit sections as herein after set forth. The said base plate 5
further contains the bolts 34 having springs 56 to press them into recesses of
the locking disc and to retain the said latter disc in the locked position. The
position and arrangement of these bolts 34 correspond with that of the bolts
or pins 33 of the bolt disc 6 (Figs. 5 to 7) and also to the location of the re-
cesses 28 in the stationary or rigid bit section 23. The said base plate has
further a suitable recess 56, to allow of the proper movement of the rigid bit
section, and a central boring O for the shaft of the key. Next to the base plate
is mounted the bolt discs 6 having the bolt 35 to lock the door or for other pur-
poses. This disc is illustrated in Figures 5 to 7. It contains a suitable recess 6¹
to allow of the proper movement of the means for unlocking the bit sections
described herein after, it further contains the bolts 33 to coact with bolts 34
by means of the key bit and release the said bolt disc to allow the bolt to turn,
the said bolts 33 being located in recess 48 to allow of the movement of the key
bit to operate the bolts, in a direction parallel to the axis of the key shaft and
a spring catch 32 to retain the moveable bit whilst the rigid -bit is being turned
further and the bolt 35 serving to secure the door or other part. Superposed on
the bolt disc or cylinder 6 is the locking disc illustrated in Figures 2 to 4,
said disc having the keyhole 30 and a downward extension 2 carrying horizontally
disposed flat springs 31 having radially arranged pins 1, the backs of which
engage the cam surfaces 4 by means of which as the key is turned the said pins
are forced into the orifices at the end of the rigid bit and push back the bolts
26 and 27 to allow the bit sections to part.
A
In the bolt disc 6 is further mounted close to the periphery thereof a spring
pressed pin 7 extending through the thickness of the disc and projected out at
the side of the same adjacent to the disc 3 by means of a spring. When the
lock is closed the depression 49 having slanting surfaces leading down to it
stands over the pin 7 which thus lies in the said depression and not in the
corresponding depression 491 of the base plate 5. When the key is inserted into
the lock and the disc 3 turned, which takes place first of all, the slanting surfaces
of the depression 49 depress the pin 7 into the orifice 491, of the base plate 5
and this couples the said base plate 5 and disc 6 so that the latter cannot as yet
turn. As the disc 3 continues to turn, at a certain point in its rotation, the
orifice 50 having one sided cam surface leading to its bottom (Fig. 2) comes over
the pin 7 allowing the said pin to rise out of the orifice of the base plate and
thus releases the bolt disc 6, which will thereupon be coupled to the disc
be capable of turning with this latter, to unlock the door.
The device operates in the following manner:-
and
Referring to Figures 16 to 20:-The key is inserted and the bit engages the
cylinder 3 turning it and with it the spring pressed pins 1, the backs of which
are brought into contact with the cam surfaces 4 of the base plate, which sur-
faces extend up into the path of movement of the lug 2 carrying the said spring
pins 1. The action of the cam 4 causes the bit sections to be unlocked, the
moveable section 25 engaging under the catch 32 whereby it is coupled to the
disc 6, which carries said catch. On continuing to turn the key the disc 3
continues to rotate with the rigid bit until the orifice 50 comes over or in align-
ment with the spring pressed pin 7, which latter then immediately enters the
orifice 50 and couples the disc 6 to the moving disc 3 simultaneously uncoupling
the same from the base plate 5
Thus the disc 6 will turn with 3 and the bolt 35
will be operated to unlock the door. Before however the disc 6 is free to turn,
the key shaft and with it the rigid bit must first be forced further into the lock so
that the recesses 28 of the bit section which have now been brought into align-
ment with the bolts 33 and 34, may operate to depress these bolts and thus
further uncouple and free the disc 6 from the retaining base plate.

page_text: the lock has been closed, the said disc is provided with an annular groove 9
are the disc 3 being always arrested in the proper position when
at its rim, having a spring pressed laterally extending bolt 10 mounted therein
(Fig. 2) and a nut 8 revoluble on a spindle 52 (Fig. 20) operable from the
5 exterior of the housing is provided with a recess into which the said bolt 10
must engage before the discs are in proper position to receive the key. Thus
if the nut 8 is turned so that the orifice is not in a position to receive the bolt 10,
then the discs 3 will stand slightly askew and the key can neither be inserted
into nor removed from the lock until the handle bar 52 has been turned to bring
the orifice of the nut 8 into position to receive the spring pin 10. The latter
is merely spring mounted to allow sufficient play but the spring is not thin
enough to allow the bolt to be depressed entirely into its housing and thus
enable the lock.to be operated when the nut is not in the proper position.
As will be seen from Figure 8 a second orifice 51 is provided in the base
plate 5 its object being to allow the bolt of the lock to be locked in its open
position if so desired, without however withdrawing the key from the lock. Thus
when the bolt has been turned into its unlocked position, the bolt 7 will be
opposite the orifice 51 but cannot enter the same because the disc 3 is coupled
to the disc 6 and the end of said bolt is lying in the recess or orifice 50 of the
said disc 3. If however the key
as to release the bolts 33 and 34, it will be evident that the discs 3 and 6 will
partially withdrawn, which may be done, so
be uncoupled and the former may be slightly turned, so that the inclined surface
of the orifice 50 will on this slight turn, bear on the pin 7 and force the same
into the orifice 51, tnus locking the bolt of the bolt disc 6 in its unlocked
position. As soon as the key has been turned back and the bolts 33 and 34
again operated to couple the disc 6 and the key bit, the pin 7 will again re-enter
the orifice 50 and the lock may be locked again and the key withdrawn. In
Figure 1 the lock is shown in connection with the door fastening hook of railway
van. The bolt 35 is provided with a spring mounted ratchet cam 42 guided by
slots on pins 40 and 41 and normally pressed forward by means of its spring 40°,
A fork 44' to receive the end 39 of the pivotally supported hook 38 is pivotally
mounted at 43 and carries an arm 44 extending towards the cam 42 and adapted
to engage with the teeth of the said cam, by means of which latter the hook is
held locked in the fastened position shown in full lines in Figure 1. When the
olt 35 is turned by means of the key into the position shown in dotted lines
n Fig. 1, the arm 44 is released and the hook of the van door may be unfastened.
On relocking the van the arm 44 will pass under the retaining teeth of the cam 42
wing to the yielding of the spring 40 of the same.
arts are enclosed in an upper auxiliary housing indicated at 36.
All the above described
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
ention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
claim is:
1: In a cylinder lock, the combination of a base plate a superposed bolt
linder and a superposed locking cylinder, a key having a compound bit con-
ting of two sections, horizontal spring pressed bolts to lock said sections
gether, the ends of said bolts being flush with the end of the bit, a series of
esser pins, mounted on the locking disc and a cam on the base plate mounted
the path of movement of said presser pins and adapted to actuate the same
ainst the bit bolt ends, and means for locking the bolt cylinder to the base
te until the key bit is uncoupled, and for locking the bolt cylinder to the
king cylinder as soon as the detent bolts of the said bolt cylinder have been
engaged from the same by the stationary bit section substantially as described.
In a cylinder lock the combination of superposed base plate, bolt and lock-
cylinders, a key having a compound bit with two sections, one being rigidly
nected to the key shaft and the other pivotally mounted and longitudinally

page_text: moveable thereon, a series of spring pressed bolts at right angles to the key
shaft to retain the two bit sections locked together, said bolt ends being accessible
from the ends of the bit, a series of spring pressed pins to engage with and
operate said bit bolts, said pins being mounted on the locking cylinder, a station-
ary cam mounted in the path of movement of the said pins to operate the same
when the locking cylinder is turned and means for disengaging the bolt cylinder
from the base plate when the bit sections have been parted, in the manner for
the purpose substantially as described.
3: In a cylinder lock, the combination of superposed base plate, bolt and
locking cylinders and a key having two bit sections as specified, means for locking
the said sections together and means in connection with the locking cylinder
and the base plate to disengage said bit sections when the locking cylinder is
turned, means for releasing the bolt cylinder from the base plate and locking
the same to the locking cylinder after the bit sections have been separated and
nicans for retaining the bolt cylinder in the unlocked position when the key
is partially withdrawn from the lock substantially as described.
4: In a cylinder lock having superposed base plate bolt cylinder and locking
cylinder and a key having two bit sections as specified, means in connection with
the locking cylinder and base plate to disengage said bit sections when the lock-
ng cylinder is turned and to disengage the bolt cylinder from the base plate
when the key is further turned after the bit sections have been separated, an
annular groove in the locking cylinder having mounted therein a spring pressed
pin and a nut projecting into the groove and having an orifice to receive the
said pin and means for turning the nut on its pivot from the outside of the
lock in the manner and for the purpose substantially as described.
5: In a cylinder lock having superposed base plate and bolt and locking
cylinders, a key having a compound bit consisting of two sections and a set of
spring pressed bolts mounted as specified to retain said bit sections locked to-
gether, means in connection with the locking cylinder and base plate to dis-
engage said bit sections when the locking cylinder is turned, and to disengage
the bolt cylinder after the sections have been separated and when the key is
further turned, a ratchet-like catch or claw on the bolt of the bolt disc, a tumbler
pivoted in proximity thereto and adapted to engage and retain in the closed
position a door hook, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as described
Dated this 8th day of September 1899.
REGINALD W. BARKER,
Applicant's Agent, 56, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.