matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHRONOMETERS, WATCHES, AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
March 1867. A communication from abroad by Jean Aimé Jacob, of
Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHRONOMETERS, WATCHES,
AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of compensating balance
for chronometers, watches, and other timekeepers. In ordinary compensation
balances it has been found difficult to retain the compensation within the
necessary limits required to keep correct time, there being in varying tem-
peratures either an insufficiency or an excess of compensation.
The object of the present Invention is to obtain perfect compensation under
all changes of temperature; this result is obtained by the adaptation to com-
pensating balances constructed in the ordinary manner of an additional bar
which is capable of turning freely on the centre pin of the balance to which
it may be adapted, and is secured in its proper position by set screws which
pass through segmental slots in the central plate of the balance. The ends
ef the additional bar are hollowed out to receive the ends of the "bi-metallic"
blades of the ordinary balance, and are furnished with set screws in order to

page_text: admit of the distance between the blades and the retaining arm being adjustable.
The additional bar or arm on being set at any suitable angle with the main
bar of the balance will in increased temperatures transfer the point of oscil-
lation of the "bi-metallic" or compound blades from the point of attachment
with the main bar to the extremity of the auxiliary or additional retaining bar.
AN IMPROVED GAS ENGINE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1867.-A communication from abroad by Jean Mazières and
Jules Trottier, Engineers, both of No. 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris,
France,
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GAS
ENGINE," a communication to me from abroad by Jean Mazières and Jules
Trottier, Engineers, both of No. 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France,
to be as follows:-
The principle upon which this engine is based consists in the condensation
or cooling of the burnt gases after their action on the driving piston. The
object of this condensation is to produce the vacuum behind the piston by the
contraction of the burnt gases. This condensation takes place in a condenser,
either by means of an injection of cold water, by surfaces cooled by a current
of water, or by any other agent capable of producing cold. This engine may
be of single or double action with two or more cylinders, according to the
work to be done; it is single acting when the introduction of the gaseous
mixture takes place only on one side of the piston, in this case the atmo-
spheric pressure reacts on the other side of the piston; the engine is double.
acting when the introduction of the gaseous mixture takes place alternately
on each side of the piston. The distributing vessels are placed vertically at

page_text: the extremity of each cylinder, they are set in movement by levers in con-
nection with the horizontal shaft of the engine; they comprise a mixed gas
chamber, an air reception chamber, a firing chamber, and an escape chamber,
all provided with two orifices, each communicating at the proper time with
the cylinder of the engine. A pipe communicating with the escape chamber
conducts the gases issuing from the cylinder to the condenser, where the
contraction of these gases takes place. The condenser is provided with an
air pump exhausting the gases contained in the condenser, and by means of a
valve forcing them into the atmosphere.
To sum up: This Invention consists in a condensing double or single
action gas engine with one or more cylinders, according to the power
required.
The shape and arrangement of the engine may be varied according to its
destined use; slide valves, discs, clack valves, or any other arrangement may
be used for the distribution; all kinds of condensers and cold-producing agents
may be used for the condensation of the burnt gases, and the firing arrange-
ment will vary with the method of distribution employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thom and Alexander
Maclure at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th October 1867.
We, JAMES THOM and ALEXANDER MACLURE, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL
FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a class of ornamental fabrics
of a novel and rich appearance, such appearance being due to the combination
of certain weaving and printing processes not hitherto combined for such a
purpose.
The Invention is applicable with any convenient textile materials, and
consists in producing ornamental devices in the weaving process by heddles,
harness, or other known means, and in producing other ornamental devices or
parti-colorings, either by printing the warps or by printing the weft, or by
printing the warps and weft before they are woven. In general the devices
produced by the weaving action will be comparatively small and regularly
distributed, forming a kind of ornamental ground or texture, and which may
be produced by well-known heddle mountings, harness or other pattern

page_text: weaving mechanism may however be used to produce these or more com-
plicated ornamental textures. The kind of printing preferred is such as
produces what are known as "chene" effects, which effects are much modified
and improved by their combination with the ornamental texture as effected
under the present Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING SOAP
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Campbell Morfit at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1867
I, CAMPBELL MORFIT, of New York, in the United States of America, but
at present residing at Sudbrook Park, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR CUTTING SOAP," to be as follows :-
Hitherto in cutting soap iron or brass wires have been usually employed,
but by these means considerable inconvenience is caused from the breaking or
stretching of the wires which occasions considerable loss of time in replacing
or tightening them up. Now according to my Invention I employ properly
tempered thin blades of steel or other suitable metal or alloy in substitution
for the wires before referred to. These blades I fix at suitable distances apart
in a cutting frame, and in some cases I arrange them with capability of ready
adjustment to different widths of bars desired to be cut, in which case I arrange
the blades or knives so as to be moveable at will, and capable of being fixed to.
any desired width, in suitable slots or grooves formed in the cutting frame..
And in order to obtain uniformity in the spacing of the blades or knives I
employ washers or distance pieces of different sizes placed under the nuts
by which the blades or knives are fixed in the cutting frame.
AN IMPROVED STEAM DRIVING WHEEL FOR IMPARTING ROTARY MOTION TO SHAFTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stobbs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1867.
I, WILLIAM STOBBS, of Leeds, in the County of York, Coach Proprietor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STEAM
DRIVING WHEEL FOR IMPARTING ROTARY MOTION TO SHAFTS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the intermediate parts
between the motive-power steam and the shaft that is actuated thereby, and
to cause the motive power to bear directly upon the shaft by an arrangement
which I will now describe. Upon the shaft which it is desired to drive I place
a wheel furnished on its periphery with one or more projections at right
angles to the rim, and of the same width, the depth and breadth of the pro-
jections being regulated by the power required; this wheel I envelope in a
cylinder, through the centre of which the shaft passes, the apertures being
rendered steam-tight. Such portions of the sides of the cylinder as adjoin the
sides of the projections on the wheel are faced, and one or more steel rings
furnished with springs (such as are used in ordinary pistons) are let into the
sides of the projections, and thus form a steam-tight chamber. The inner
circumference of the cylinder is bored out to meet the diameter of the wheel
plus the projections. At any convenient point of the periphery of the cylinder
I admit steam through a suitable valve, and this coming in contact with the
projections on the wheel imparts rotary motion to it, and consequently to the
shaft to which it is secured. An exhaust port is provided to carry off

page_text: the steam used in each revolution, and the steam on admission to the cylinder
is caused to pass in one direction, that is, in the direction which the wheel is
required to rotate in by means of a flap valve within the cylinder placed on
one side of the admission port, and opened at each stroke by levers to admit
the passage of the projections on the wheel, that surface of such projections
upon which the steam acts being, in fact, the equivalent of piston surface in
ordinary steam engines. By the above arrangement I am therefore enabled
to bring the motive power direct to the shaft to be actuated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCH BOXES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
October 1867. A communication from abroad by Régis de Monti, of
No. 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MATCH BOXES," a communication to me from abroad by Régis de Monti, of
No. 89, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The boxes bitherto made for enclosing all kinds of lucifer matches offer
many disadvantages, amongst others that by their shape and arrangement they
must be opened with a certain degree of precaution in order not to spill their
contents, which is very objectionable when it is often necessary to open them
in darkness. Further, they are generally provided with a piece of sand or
emery paper in order to obtain the friction necessary to lighting, which paper
wears rapidly, being often badly applied, and hence the necessity of seeking a
hard substance to obtain a light.
Without entering further into a criticism of the boxes in actual use I will
content myself by developing the merits of the boxes the subject of this
Invention, which possess over their forerunners advantages all the more marked
that they may be delivered to consumption without increase of price.
This improved box has the advantage of remedying all tho defects above
described, and the further advantage of delivering the match alight without

page_text: any further action on the part of the consumer than its withdrawal from the
box. Its outer appearance is in every respect similar to that of other boxes,
but an inside arrangement isolates all the matches and holds them in such a
way that they cannot fall out. This arrangement is obtained by means of two
sheets of sand or emery paper previously undulated or corrugated; in bringing
these two sheets together they form quite naturally a series of tubes which
each lodge a match, these latter being placed in them with the phosphorated.
part downwards in such a way that to withdraw them from their cells a
certain amount of traction must be exercised; it will be readily understood
that this traction will cause friction, and that the match will issue from its caso
alight.
On the Sheet of Drawing hereunto annexed and forming part of this my
Provisional Specification Fig. 1 represents a complete box of this Invention
containing matches on one side only; Fig. 2, a box shewing matches arranged
on both sides; and Fig. 3, a box sectionized and shewing the interior
arrangement.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CASTING OF HOLLOW AND OTHER FIRE-BARS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Nelson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 12th July
1867.
I, JAMES NELSON, of Bonner's Field, Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CASTING OF HOLLOW AND OTHER FIRE-BARS," to be as follows:-
In my Invention, the principle I claim is the casting of hollow and other
fire-bars in chills, and more especially for the casting of the bars used in
"Jukes' revolving furnace," by casting fire-bars in "chills" or moulds of
cast iron or other metal made in two or more pieces; the metal when poured
into the said moulds receives a sudden chill, which makes the casting harder
and more durable. Where holes are required to be cast in the bar (as in the
case of "Jukes' revolving furnace") I insert through the chills pieces, of iron
or steel of the proper size and shape, which as soon as the casting is "set"
are knocked out, leaving the required holes in the bar; the chills are then
detached from one another and the bar drops out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND METHOD OF PREPARING PRINTED WARPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Bernheim, George William
Wilson, and Edwin Longworth at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th September 1867.
We, EDWARD BERNHEIM, of Bradford, in the County of York, GEORGE
WILLIAM WILSON, of the same Place, and EDWIN LONGWORTH, of Levenshulme,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND METHOD OF PREPARING PRINTED
WARPS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of imparting to warps termed
printed warps an intermixed or "chene" appearance by a novel and improved
method, such effect having been hitherto produced by printing the yarn when
in the state called "hank yarn," which is afterwards wound and warped.
The improvements consist in treating the warps so as to produce a "chene"
or intermixed effect when in the extended or "warp" state and not in "hanks,"
and the method of preparing such printed warps is as follows:-The warps
either plain. or dyed are first "leased" ás usual, that is, divided into sections
widthwise, such sections being kept separate by transverse rods or battens,
and the warp in this divided and extended state is printed upon by any
ordinary suitable method, and after such printing every other divided section
alternately, or such of them as may be desired, is "drawn up" a greater or
less distance (the rods allowing the sections to slip) so as to displace the

page_text: regularity of the printing, in which state it is afterwards used in weaving.
By such intermixing of the colors an irregular or "chene" effect is produced,
which is more diversified than when the effect is produced by printing
irregularly or in the bank.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLI- TO METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND MATRASSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Doyne Dwyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1867.
I, ROBERT DOYNE DWYER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLI-
TO METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND MATRASSES," to bo as follows (that is
to say):-
A bedstead constructed according to this Invention consists of four metallic
posts, which may be plain or ornamental and resemble the ordinary bed post;
on each post, a little below the point where the horizontal supports are to be
placed, there is shrunk or cast on or therewith or otherwise fastened a collar
encompassing the post, constructed with two lateral projections at or about a
right angle to each other; these projections are perforated vertically for each
to receive a metallic rod or gudgeon which forms the axis of a metallic bracket,
the back of which is hollowed out to fit the post. On the post above the
brackets there is a loose collar resembling the last one described, which is
capable of sliding up and down the post a given distance, and into the lugs of
which take the upper pivot rods or gudgeons of the brackets, so that when
the brackets require to be connected to the post by lifting up the sliding
collar the joint rod or gudgeon on the lower end of the brackets may be
inserted into their places on the fixed collar, and by simply drawing down the
sliding collar on to the upper pivot or gudgeons they are securely attached to
the post. It is preferred to make these brackets of cast metal, with a spindle
of wrought metal passing vertically therethrough to form the joint or gudgeon

page_text: pieces. To these brackets are attached the horizontal frame of the bed, which
consists of light angle iron or other metal, which is attached by screw bolts
or otherwise to the sides of the brackets described, one flange of which is
vertical and the other horizontal, the horizontal flange being below and
within the frame. Across the horizontal frame is fitted a number of wooden
bed laths resembling those of the ordinary kind, which rest on the lower flange
of the angle iron forming the frame. On these laths are arranged and
attached thereto a number of helical or other shaped springs, over which is
spread a net resembling an ordinary fisherman's net, which is held in position
by hooks in the interior of the springs formed by the end of the wire of which
the springs themselves are made.
When it is desired to construct this improved matrass so that the top or
bottom of the same may be elevated, or the whole thereof, it is proposed to
construct the laths with a suitably jointed frame, fitting the same with crutch
or other supports.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hooper Trask at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on, the 10th May
1867. A communication from abroad by Daniel F. Mosman, of Cam-
bridge, in the State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, CHARLES HOOPER TRASK, of Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States
of America, but at present residing in Jeffrey's Square, St. Mary Axe, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
In this apparatus are two revolving shafts, one is run directly from the
engine at speed derived from its motor, and the other shaft is also run by the
engine, but its rate is determined by a pendulum or balance wheel or clock work
and is maintained at a steady rate thereby. These two shafts, which may be
called A and B, are connected by gearing hereafter described which does not
effectively operate on the valve gear while the motions of the two shafts are in
unison, but such gearing receives a longitudinal motion on its shaft when the
motions are not coincident; this longitudinal motion is made effective in
moving the valve of the engine or machine to be controlled. Upon the inner
end of the shaft B is an arm upon which are three pius, the middle pin of
which engages with the spiral slot in the periphery of a scroll cam on the
other shaft. When the cam and the shaft A run slower than the shaft B
the cam will be drawn by the pin in one direction longitudinally, and when

page_text: the shaft A runs faster than the shaft B the cam will be drawn in the other
direction. The cam occupies a groove in a sleeve which is attached by a
feather to the shaft A, so as to move freely longitudinally thereon as impelled
by the discrepancy in the rates of motion as has been described, but the sleeve
itself has no rotary motion on the shaft A. The sleeve consists of the two ratchet
wheels, between which is the groove of the scroll cam and a collar which is
engaged by an arm of a rocking frame which has two plungers that slide in
guides and are connected by a beam which makes their motion reciprocal.
A bar arranged to slide transversely of the machine is connected in any suitable
-nanner-to-the-valve-rod-so_as_to_govern_the_area_of_ steam opening and the
water gate. In this bar are two spring pins which are actuated longitudinally
by a helical cam, the periphery of whose spiral flange by lateral pressure upon
one or the other of the spring pins actuates the bar. The helical cam and the
band pulley by which it is driven run loosely upon the shaft A, their motions
not being dependent thereupon but being derived from a band from the engine
to the pulley. The helical cam is weighted so that it will run for a considerable
time even if the shaft A cease revolving by. the stoppage of the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTS FOR DRESSES AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hesketh Hughes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th October
1867.
I, HESKETH HUGHES, of Homerten, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTS FOR DRESSES AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in making ornaments as follows:-I take an
openwork piece of metal or a metal frame representing the skeleton or outline
of the desired design. This skeleton frame may be gilt, painted, covered with
silk, or otherwise ornamented; it has depending edges and pins or points, and
I place inside it a piece of silk, velvet, or other desired fabric or material of
corresponding shape, the edges being held within the depending edges of the
skeleton frame; the ornament thus made is then attached to a dress ribbon,
trimming, or other article to be ornamented by passing the metal pins or points
through the article and then turning them down or inwards to prevent their
being withdrawn. The pins or points may be at the edges of the skeleton
frame only, or both at the edges and elsewhere, according to the form of the
design. I am aware that dome-shaped metal studs or ornaments have before
been made with depending pins to enable them to be attached to a trimming
or other article; also that buttons with ordinary shanks have been made with
metal rims and with centres of velvet or other fabric; but my Invention consists
essentially in combining with a skeleton frame, having depending edges and

page_text: pins or points, a piece of velvet or other desired material, the edges of this
material being held within the edges of the frame, and the metal pins serving
to secure the whole to a dress or other article. The shape of my frames, and
therefore the ornaments, may be varied as desired, and the frames or the
material held therein, or both may be embossed in high or low relief, as
desired.
In the case of leaves, flowers, or other like ornaments the pins or points are
simply turned in to hold the velvet or material forming the body of the
ornament.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ROLLING OP HOOP OB STRIP IRON FOR BREWERS' OR OTHER Hoops
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Butler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1867.
I, WILLIAM BUTLER, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Whole-
sale Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE ROLLING OP HOOP OB STRIP IRON FOR BREWERS' OR OTHER
Hoops," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
It is a common defect in the use of ordinary iron barrel hoops that they
have a tendency to slip from the grip or bite being more in the middle than
at the edges of the hoop. This I thoroughly obviate by rolling hoop or strip
iron thinner in the middle, which may be done by a regular curve, or flattening
the middle portion, and raising the edges so as to show a slight fillet or pro-
jection of the desired width on each side. Iron of a given weight per yard
thus treated will be increased in thickness on the edges in proportion to the
metal displaced from the middle or intermediate part, and from the extra
thickness on the edge will be more handy and convenient for use when
hooping casks made from iron rolled in its section according to my Invention,
which section is readily produced by shaping one of the rolls to the reverse form.
I require the unequal side of the hoop or strip to be, whilst the other roll may
be regular and straight on its surface as now commonly used.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WINDING BANDS OR TAPES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cash and Joseph Cash at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
27th June 1867.
We, JOHN CASH and JOSEPH CASH, junior, both of the City of Coventry,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WINDING BANDS OR TAPES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention applies more particularly to an apparatus for the winding of
surgical and other bandages, and is carried into effect as follows:-A
cylindrical or other conveniently shaped block of wood or other material has
a slit of sufficient width to admit of the insertion of a doubled part of the
bandage or tape carried along its entire length, and inside and parallel to
this slit a circular or other shaped hole is formed having a greater diameter
than the slit, which hole is also carried through the entire length of the
block. The band or tape to be wound is inserted double through the slot into
the circular or other shaped aperture; a peg or pin is then inserted inside the
doubled band or tape, thus holding the band or tape and enabling it to be
wound easily upon the block. We preferably make the peg or pin hollow with
a threaded button at its upper end, so that it may serve to hold pins, needles,
or other required appliances.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPADES AND SHOVELS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Parkes and George Parkes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 19th August 1867.
We, FRANCIS PARKES and, GEORGE PARKES, both of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Spade, Shovel, and General Edge Tool Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPADES AND SHOVELS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
For convenience we will describe our improvements,-
First. In the manufacture of an ordinary shovel where langets are required,
which improvements consist not in forming the langets out of the two pieces of
steel or iron combined, composing the blade of the shovel, but in raising both
thicknesses into a ridge down the middle, which we purpose contracting simply
to the part raised, and welding the two thicknesses of metal right up to the
raised or corrugated part, by which means a large amount of additional strength
is given to the lengthway of the blade of the shovel, as also to the langets
which form a continuation of the raised or corrugated part. Thus we have a
large amount of additional strength with decrease of weight, and although
we have used the term "shovel," nevertheless the same improvements are
also applicable to spades in their various kinds or denominations.
Secondly. Our improvements apply to screening shovels or like implements,
in which case-the-langet-is-formed with the back or main part of the shovel,

page_text: and by preference we use steel, more particularly the part of the langet
denominated the " coffering," where it unites and forms a part of the back
for the sake of obtaining additional strength and lightness, which is so desirable
in the use of such implements; and in like manner we also purpose corrugating
or raising a swell on the back to obtain stiffness and rigidity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UNIONS OR APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER PIPES OR TUBES, AND FOR STOPPING THE ENDS THEREOF
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nathan Thompson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th June 1867.
I, NATHAN THOMPSON, of No. 15, Abbey Gardens, St. John's Wood, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UNIONS OR APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER PIPES OR
TUBES, AND FOR STOPPING THE ENDS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in unions, or apparatus for
connecting together pipes or tubes, and for stopping the ends thereof. For
this purpose I employ a socket open at each end, and containing within it a
packing consisting of a short length of india-rubber tube or other suitable
material. The ends of the two pipes or tubes to be connected are butted
together at or near the centre of the socket and within the packing, into which
the ends of the pipes or tubes are just able to enter loosely; the packing is
then compressed so as to make it fit closely both to the pipes or tubes and.
also to the socket, and so a tight joint is made.
For compressing the packing the following arrangement is adopted :-Screw:
threads are cut in the ends of the socket, and into them are screwed metal rings,,
the internal diameter of which is somewhat larger than the external diameter.
of the pipes or tubes to be connected, and these pipes or tubes pass through.
the rings; the rings are furnished with suitable hexagonal heads to enable:
them to be turned freely by a spanner, and when they are screwed inwards.
from the opposite ends of the socket they compress the packing between them.

page_text: and make a tight joint as already mentioned. The screw rings do not bear
directly on the packing, but metal washers are interposed to prevent the injury
of the packing by friction. The rings may be prevented screwing entirely
out of the socket by stops. For pipes of large size the rings may be drawn
inwards to compress the packing by external bolts in place of by screw threads
cut upon them. It is not essential that there should be a screw ring at each
end of the socket, at one end there may be only a fixed interior ring or flange
on the socket for the packing to rest upon. In order to stop the end of a
pipe or tube the apparatus is similarly constructed, except that the socket is
fitted with but one screw ring, and is closed at the other end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING BENZOLE AND OTHER HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS, AND IN MAKING SUCH LIQUIDS NON-EXPLOSIVE, AND OF GENERATING AN ILLUMINATING GAS THEREFROM
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Hand at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January
1867. A communication from abroad by John Johnson, of Wilmington,
Illinois, in the United States of America.
I, LEWIS HAND, of No. 22, Coleman Street, in the City of London,
Attorney-at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING BENZOLE AND OTHER HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS, AND IN
MAKING SUCH LIQUIDS NON-EXPLOSIVE, AND OF GENERATING AN ILLUMINATING GAS
THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
To each forty gallons or thereabouts of benzole or other hydrocarbon liquids
of the specific gravity of sixty-five degrees, more or less, is incorporated in the
following ingredients :-
Alcohol
-
-
Two ounces,
Alum
Potash
Salt
Manganese
Water
And of sal soda
-
One and a half pounds,
-
One and a half pounds,
- One and a half pounds,
-
Two ounces,
. Two ounces,
-
One half pound,
or their several equivalents in greater or less proportions which forms a non-
explosive burning fluid, and will generate an illuminating gas that can be
used in an ordinary lamp having a close fitting cap or burner. The gas
ascends through the tube containing the saturated wick, and is consumed in
the flame from the liquid burning from the wick. The consumption of the

page_text: burning fluid compounded in this manner will be about one-half that of
petroleum of the usual density for illuminating purposes from a wick of equal
size; and as the market value of the light hydrocarbon liquid is less than
petroleum, and its illuminating power is greater and non-explosive, for
cheapness, brilliancy of flame, and safety, it supercedes that article for
illuminating purposes.
What is claimed as the discovery herein is the composition of alcohol, alum,
potash, salt, manganese, sal soda, and water with benzole or other hydro-
carbon liquids, or their several equivalents, in greater or less proportions, or
one or more of them for the purpose of forming a non-explosive burning fluid,
refining benzole or other hydrocarbon liquids, and generating an illuminating
gas, which in combination with a wick saturated with the liquid will feed
a flame when used in an ordinary lamp or burner.
AN IMPROVED ROTARY STEAM OR GAS ENGINE, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PUMPING AND MEASURING LIQUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Hubner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1867.
I, EMILE HUBNER, Engineer, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ROTARY STEAM OR GAS ENGINE, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PUMPING AND MEASURING
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
I make use of a wheel of a large diameter, in the circumference of which I
make a rectangular hollow groove turned on each face, within which I place
a heavy semicircular metallic ring adjusted to slide easily within the groove;
this semicircular ring acts both as a piston and a cylinder bottom, and its
object is to counterbalance by its weight the pressure of the steam introduced
in the hollow groove. A certain number of sluices are adapted so as to
intersect transversely the hollow part of the groove, they are put in motion by
an excentric loose on the shaft of the wheel and maintained in the requisite
position by a worm. The rods which unite the sluices to the eccentric are
each provided with a piston working in a cylinder. The object of these
pistons is to regulate the introduction of the steam, its expansion, and its
escapement. The descending motion of these pistons is obtained from the
inlet steam itself, and it is regulated by one of the extremities of the semi-
circular ring within the groove. The steam is introduced through the centre
of the shaft of the wheel, it passes through the distributing plunger, and enters
between one of the sluices closing the groove, and the semicircular ring

page_text: which acts as a piston and is pushed back to a certain height by the steam.
Under these circumstances the steam has taken the place of the semicircular
metallic ring, the entire weight of which occupies the space in the side of the
groove directly opposite to the closed sluice. The effort of the wheel is
naturally to regain its equilibrium, and as the steam introduced prevents the
semicircle redescending it acts with all its weight on the closed sluice (with
the steam as an intermediate), and it is in this position that the wheel is
forced to rotate, and during its rotation the sluice is raised, whereby the
orifice of the plunger is opened and the expanded steam either escapes into
the open air or is conducted into a condenser.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HYDROCARBON OILS USED FOR SAFETY AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Septimus Macrae at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
March 1867.
I, ALEXANDER SEPTIMUS MACRAE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Oil Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDROCARBON OILS USED FOR SAFETY AND OTHER LAMPS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the admixture of camphor with the hydrocarbon
oils for the purpose of enabling them to be consumed without giving off
offensive odour. The admixture of camphor with the oil is in such proportion
as the condition and purpose of the oil may require. For example, to one
portion of oil of a specific gravity of, say, 800 degrees, add about one-sixteenth
part of camphor, but to an oil of a heavier gravity, say, 820 degrees, add about
one-fourteenth. The improved oils are preeminently adapted for miners'
safety lamps, but the lamps must be enlarged, and lamps with the improved
oils can be used with advantage instead of candles in copper and other mines,
and for lamps in general.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jowett at the Office of
the Commissioners' of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1867.
I, JOHN JOWETT, of Parkhead, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement or construction of
furnaces, and it may be applied to puddling and reheating furnaces. It
consists in forming that part of the roof above the fire-bars into an elevated
hollow chamber or receptacle, with the front part sloping downwards towards
the bridge, the space between the bridge and roof being contracted to smaller
dimensions than usual. Fire-bars of the ordinary or other construction are
employed, and the gases escaping from the fuel ascend into the chamber or
receptacle in place of passing directly over the bridge to be reverberated by
the roof on to the hearth in the ordinary manner, the angular or inclined
position of the front part of the chamber causes the incandescent gases to be
directed immediately on to the charge, thus causing the charge to be melted
and finished in a much shorter time than hitherto. The fire-bars on which
the fuel rests may be placed horizontally or sloped at any convenient angle.
One or more openings may be formed at the summit or other suitable part of
the chamber for the purpose of admitting air to burn the gases, and these
openings may or may not be provided with valves for regulating the supply.
IMPROVED MEANS OF PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS AND OTHER VESSELS IN WHICH WATER IS HEATED
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weightman Harrison at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1867.
I, CHARLES WEIGHTMAN HARRISON, of 21, Oberstein Road, Clapham
Junction, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN
BOILERS AND OTHER VESSELS IN WHICH WATER IS HEATED," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in combining or connecting by any suitable means
the shell of the boiler or vessel with another body which in their electrical
relations shall be of a differing or opposite polarity or condition the one to the
other, or capable of being rendered so.
One method by which I effect this object in a very simple manner is by
suspending or supporting in the water contained in the boiler or vessel a plate
or body of metal or other suitable electrical conductor, and attatching it to the
shell of the boiler or vessel so that the two shall constitute a galvanic com-
bination, the shell of the boiler or vessel forming one electrode and the
suspended or supported body the other electrode. I so proportion the size
between the two that the electro-chemical action upon the interior surface of
the shell of the boiler or vessel shall be nascent or nearly so, as I find it merely
necessary under ordinary circumstances to impart a positive polarity to the
shell of the boiler or vessel in order to prevent the coherence thereto of
precipitated matters.

page_text: In some cases I vary the method of carrying out my improvements by
means of an additional electrical source so arranged as to transmit alternately
positive & negative currents to the shell of the boiler or vessel & to the
suspended or supported body. This arrangement I have found greatly facilitates
the production of steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING STEAM AND VAPORIZING LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Christopher Rees Weguelin, of Croydon, in the
County of Surrey, Esquire, and Benjamin Hirst, of Leeds, in the County
York, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING
STEAM AND VAPORIZING LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 23rd August 1867, and dated the 25th February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Christopher Rees-Weguelin
and Benjamin Hirst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th February 1867.
We, JOHN CHRISTOPHER REES WEGUELIN, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey,
Esquire, and BENJAMIN HIRST, of Leeds, in the County of York, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GENERATING STEAM AND VAPORIZING LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in generating steam or vaporizing liquids by means
of paraffin or petroleum or other suitable oil or liquid, which is first highly
heated by passing through a metal bath, and is then caused to pass through
tubes in a boiler or vessel containing the water or liquid to be evaporated, the

page_text: bigbly heated, oil gives off its heat in passing through the boiler and thereby
evaporates the liquid,
Our apparatus for carrying out this mode of vaparizing liquids is constructed
as follows: A donkey engine draws the oil from a tank and, forces it into
and through a coil in an iron trough, or tray, in, which zinc or other metal is
kept in a liquid state by means of a small furnace helow. The opposite end,
of the coil is connected to the top tube. of a series of tubes in a boiler, containing
the liquid to be vaporized; the boiler tubes are preferably placed, longitudinally
one below another, each being depressed, say, 2 inches more or less so as to
cause a natural flow; the ends of these tubes are connected together by bends
or elbow pipes outside the boiler so as to form one. continuous zig-zag tube,
the bends can easily be removed for cleaning or repairs; or instead of the.
bends outside the boiler, they may be fitted so that they may be got at inside.
for cleaning or otherwise. The end of the lowest tube is connected by a pipe.
with the tank, so that there is a continuous travel for the oil from the tank
to, the coil in the metal bath, thence through the boiler tubes and back
again to the tank. The number of the boiler tubes will be regulated according
to the heating surface required, the boiler will require no setting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TWISTING YARNS OF TWO OR MORE COLORS AND KINDS, COMMONLY CALLED FRENCH TWIST,' OR KNOTTED YARN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Varley Thornton and Charles
Abercrombie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th November 1867.
We, JOHN VARLEY THORNTON and CHARLES ABERCROMBIE, of Brighouse,
in the County of York, Worsted Spinners and Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR TWISTING YARNS OF TWO OR MORE COLORS AND KINDS, COMMONLY CALLED
FRENCH TWIST,' OR KNOTTED YARN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery for twisting together two or more yarns
or threads of different colours or kinds of material and not in a regular
manner, but irregular, so as to produce knots or spots at intervals on the said
twisted yarn. To effect this we produce an intermittent motion to either the
back or front rollers of spinning or twisting frames by the application of a
cog wheel having blank spaces or parts of its circumference without cogs, or
by the employment of the well-known star-wheel motion, or other mechanical
equivalent means of imparting an intermittent motion to one of the ordinary
pairs of rollers, so that one thread may pass betwixt one pair, and the other
thread betwixt the other pair of rollers, the one thread having continuous
and the other intermittent motion. Both yarns pass thence over, through, or
by guides placed betwixt the front rollers and the ordinary guide board, and
meeting are twisted together, the stoppage at intervals of one thread giving
time for the other thread to be wound thereon in a knot or spot.
IMPROVED PROPORTIONAL COMPASSES AND DIVIDERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alexander Hubbard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
19th December 1867.
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER HUBBARD, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said-Invention for "IMPROVED
PROPORTIONAL COMPASSES AND DIVIDERS," to be as follows:-
The instrument to which this Invention relates affords a ready and improved
means for setting off' distances proportionally, and for dividing lines into equal
parts, besides serving many other useful purposes. It consists of a series of
levers of equal length crossing one another in pairs in the centre of their
length, thus X, where they are connected by a rivet, screw, pin, or other
suitable pivot. A sufficient number of these levers in pairs, varying according
to the particular purpose for which the instrument may be required, are
connected at their ends by pivots after the manner of the letter X, repeated
thus XXX. The pivots which now form three rows are all perpendicular to the
plane of the instrument, and allow of the series of levers being closed together,
thus XXXX, or pulled out thus
at pleasure. By this
arrangement whatever may be the distance at which two neighbouring pivots
may be set all the other pivots will stand at that distance from those next to
them in the same row. The pivots in one or more row or rows terminate in
or have attached to them points, pencils, pens, dotting wheels, or other like
apparatus for measuring and marking off distances and tracing lines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO- DUCEING OPALLINE PICTURES INTO CHINA, GLASS, PORCELAIN, OR ANY OTHER ENAMELLED SURFACE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Higginson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1867.
I, GEORGE HIGGINSON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Artist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO-
DUCEING OPALLINE PICTURES INTO CHINA, GLASS, PORCELAIN, OR ANY OTHER
ENAMELLED SURFACE," to be as follows:-
I take any surface of the above description, and by applying the following
chemicals in various proportions, determined by the nature of the article,
produce photographic pictures struck into the surface of any of the above
without film (so objectionable), and in so permanent a manner that they
cannot be removed without scouring with emery or some such cutting agent,
and these impressions are so permanent that they are not in the least degree
injured by any light or atmosphere as in other cases.
The chemicals I use and apply in various proportions as required are salts
of uranium, pyrogalic, galic, nitric, and citric acids, cyanide, silver, iron, and
zine; the application is made and the usual photographic operations are gone
through.