Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 15th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 15th Nov., 1887
We, JAMES BROAD JAMES WALTER BROAD, GEORGE PETER BROAD and HENRY
JOHN BROAD trading as James Broad and Sons of Market Street, Candle
Manufacturers and GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER of Southdown Villas St. Anne's
Gentleman both of Lewes in the County of Sussex do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The present Invention consists essentially in the employment in the manufacture of
night lights of a plaited wick in combination with a composition consisting mainly of
paraffin wax or other equivalent material.
The fibre employed in the manufacture of the plaited wick is by preference cotton
but flax or other vegetable fibre may be employed for such purpose and cocoa nut oil
and stearine or other equivalent material are mixed in small proportions with the
paraffin wax or other equivalent material to form the composition.
The plaited wick is pickled and then coated with stearine and bleached bees wax or
other suitable wax either combined or separately.
A plaited wick of usual or moderate dimensions if used with the night light
composition hitherto employed would not be capable of consuming sufficient material
to give the required light whilst an unplaited wick of usual dimensions, if used with
the composition consisting mainly of paraffin wax or other equivalent material would
consume too much material give too much light and consequently cause the night
light to burn out too quickly, but if made small enough to consume only the required
quantity of material and give the proper amount of light it would through weakness
be liable to fall out of its proper position whilst burning.
A plaited wick may be used in a night light that is first moulded and then placed

page_text: and burned in a glass or other holder or case, or it may be used in a night light in
which the holder or case is filled with the composition by pouring the latter therein.
When the composition is moulded in a machine and the completed night light is to
be placed in a holder the plaited wick, according to one method is passed through the
hole in the moulded material and in the tin "sustainer" and it is then fixed in position
by spreading the projecting bottom end against the "sustainer or by cementing the
same, the upper end being bent over as usual. It is then ready to be placed in the
glass or other case or holder.
22
According to another method the plaited wick may be first fixed in position in the
holder or case with the tin "sustainer" as is usual with other wicks, and the moulded
composition is afterwards slipped over the wick and into the case.
"
When using a glass caso or holder the same may be made with a central recess in
the bottom to receive and support tho plaited wick in which case the tin " sustainer
will not be required.
Date : EIL J 1007

page_text: We, JAMES BROAD, JAMES WALTER BROAD, GEORGE PETER BROAD and HENRY
JOHN BROAD trading as James Broad and Sons, of Market Street, Candle
Manufacturers and GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER of Southdown Villas, St. Annes,
Gentleman all of Lewes in the County of Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to night lights in which a plaited wick is used in
combination with a composition consisting mainly of paraffin wax or other equivalent
material.
The fibre employed in the manufacture of the plaited wick is by preference cotton
but flax or other vegetable fibre may be employed for such purpose. The wick we
have found to answer best is made of 12 cotton threads, by preference, of No. 70
three cord soft plaited.
The said plaited wick may be pickled or not as is well understood and then coated
with stearine and bleached bees wax or other suitable wax either combined or
separately.
A plaited wick of usual or moderate dimensions if used with the night light
composition hitherto employed would not be capable of consuming sufficient material
to give the required light whilst an unplaited wick of usual dimensions, if used with a
composition consisting mainly of paraffin wax or other equivalent material, would
consume too much material, which would result in giving too much light and in
causing the night light to burn out too quickly, but if made small enough to consume
only the required quantity of material and give the proper amount of light, it would
through weakness be liable to fall out of its proper position whilst burning.
The composition which we have found to answer best for use with a plaited wick of
the character hereinbefore described consists mainly of paraffin wax combined with
small quantities of cocoa nut oil and stearine. The following are the proportions we
prefer to employ of such materials, but which may be slightly varied.
Paraffin wax or other equivalent material
Per cent.
80
By the employment of paraffin wax or other equivalent material as the main
ingredient in the production of the night light composition we obtain great
35 illuminating power and brilliancy of flame combined with freedom from smell.
Our object in combining cocoa nut oil or other equivalent material with the paraffin

page_text: wax is to secure a lower melting point in the composition and whiteness of flame
combined with freedom from smoke.
Our object in mixing stearine or other equivalent material with the paraffin wax and
cocoa nut oil is primarily to secure the proper combination of the said materials and
thereby to obtain a thoroughly homogeneous composition whilst said stearine also
improves the light and renders the composition less liable to smoke.
A night light made with a plaited wick and with the composition above described
may be first moulded and then placed and burned in a glass or other holder or caso or
it may be made by filling the holder or case with the composition by pouring the
latter therein, around the wick which is previously fixed in position.
When the composition is moulded in a machine, and the completed night light is to
be placed in a holder, the plaited wick, according to one method, is passed through
the hole formed in the moulded material and through the hole in the tin "sustainer"
and it is then fixed in position by spreading the projecting bottom end against the
"sustainer" or by cementing the same to the tin sustainer the upper end of the wick
being bent over as usual.
The night light is then ready to be placed in the glass or other case or holdor.
According to another method the plaited wick may be first fixed in position in the
holder or case with tin sustainer, as is usual with other wicks, and the moulded
composition is afterwards slipped over the wick and into the case.
When using a glass case or holder the same may be made with a central recess in
the bottom to receive and support the plaited wick in which case the tin sustainer
will not be required.
Wo would have it understood that we make no claim to the method employed
in the manufacture of our improved night light nor to the use of a plaited wick
separately considered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
1. A night light made of the composition substantially as herein described in
combination with a plaited wick.
2. The employment in the manufacture of night lights of a composition consisting
of paraffin wax, cocoa nut oil and stearine or their several equivalents substantially as
herein described.
Tal thin 15th dot of October 1907
JAMES BROAD.
JAMES WALTER BROAD.
GEORGE PETER BROAD.
HENRY JOHN BROAD.
GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.