New or Improved Apparatus for Illuminating and Heating by Means of Petroleum.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left. 1st June. 1891-Accepted, 11th July, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Apparatus for Illuminating and Heating by Means
of Petroleum.
We, JOHN LEEMANN and Loris BAUMGARTNER both of St. Gallen,
Switzerland, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
Petroleum butners have long been known designed to cause vaporization of
ordinary petroleum, and in which the petroleum has been heated and converted
into vapor by flames issuing from the burner nozzles. These burners as heretofore
constructed have the disadvantage that the arrangement is not suitable for
promoting complete combustion and that the many and in part long passages
are liable to become choked up owing to the combustion not being sufficiently
intense.
Now our apparatus hereinafter described is based upon the principle of providing
by a suitable arrangement of devices on the one hand for the taking up of an
adequate proportion of air or oxygen by the petroleum, and on the other hand for
the symmetrical supply from both sides of petroleum to the flame orifice or
orifices of the burner, for the purpose of obtaining an uniform intense flame.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section of a small portable apparatus.
Fig. 2 is an elevation partly in section of a larger apparatus provided with
separate pumping and air mixing arrangements.
Fig. 3 is a part plan of the arrangement of pipes shown in side elevation in
Fig. 2 for supplying the several burners.
Fig. 4 illustrates an arrangement of burner for illuminating with a steady flame.
The petroleum reservoir or vessel a is so arranged that there is introduced
into the petroleum air of which part is absorbed by the petroleum, and part rises
through the petroleum to the space above it and there exerts pressure on the
petroleum.
In Fig. 1, the air is simply introduced by the ordinary indiarubber ball through
the pipe b which extends nearly to the bottom of the reservoir as indicated. The
petroleum is in this case introduced through an ordinary funnel i that is capable of
being closed hermetically.
A conduit d starting from the neighbourhood of the bottom of the vessel conveys
the petroleum to the burner proper, through a sieve e.
Between the vessel a and the sieve e there is shown the cock d', also a joint dº dº
which is independent of the invention and serves to allow the burner to be
adjusted to any point in an arc of a circle. The passage for the supply of the
petroleum is thus through the pipe d, the cock d, the joint do, into the sieve
container g.
The sieve e is located quite close to the walls of its container g, and is shown
attached to a screw by means of which it is connected with the container.
The sieve container g is furnished with two junction pieces f° with which the
legs of the burner are connected.
The burner proper is symmetrical and at top is of a spiral form the flame
orifice opening into the space bounded by the coil (sec u Fig. 2).
A very small orifice (the diameter of a needle) will be sufficient to serve as an
efficient flame orifice as indicated in the lower middle cross section of the spiral
tubular part of the burner. It is preferable that the arrangement of the flame
orifice or nozzle (or in the case of very large apparatus the orifices or nozzles)
should be as symmetrical as possible with regard to the burner or to its middle.
The larger apparatus illustrated in Fig. is capable for instance of being used

page_text: for heating boilers, having several burners, the supply pipes d to which branch off
from a main or collecting pipe or chamber D.
It is obvious that the burners may be grouped as desired; thus one burner is
shown to the right in Fig. 2 in front elevation, and another burner is shown in
sido elevation.
There is also in this arrangement, on the reservoir, a charging funnel i for
petroleum; the air supply tube b constitutes the cylinder of a purup in which the
valved piston can be moved up and down. The foot of the inbe & contains the
outlet valve, and the conduit 60 enters the tube above the piston k.
This is not the usual arrangement, for air or for liquid, but is an arrangement
such that the liquid petroleum, on the downstroke of the piston, is sucked in
through the relatively small tube and is conducted into the relatively largo
space of the tube constituting the piston cylinder which space is filled with air.
On a quick upstroke of the piston k, the petroleum that is above the piston
will not only escape past the piston valve downwards, but will at the same time
or before, by the spirting or splashing of the petroleum, he brought into contact
with the air that is above the piston or above the petroleum which has been
drawn in.
For this purpose, that is to say, in order that the petroleum shall not pass at
once under the piston, the piston valve is provided with a comparatively small
area of passage, or there may be a certain resistance to the passage through, so
as to retard it and thereby produce a spirting or splashing of the petroleum.
This is also the ease with the exit valve at the foot 1, this exit valve being
under spring pressure, and the petroleum being forced through it on the down-
stroke of the piston.
The burner hereinbefore described will produce a uniformly intense thin flame.
Now in order to adapt such a burner to produce a steady flame, chiefly for
illuminating purposes, the said burner or its spiral is surrounded in a suitable
manner with a case or vessel p, whose wall is provided with a large number of
small holes at which steady flames are produced.
Fig. 4 illustrates the approximate position of such an enclosing case or vessel
with relation to the spiral portion of the burner as also by way of example a
manner in which the two parts may be connected.
For the purpose of heating the burner proper, there is appropriately arranged
under it any suitable heating dish such as Figs. 1-1.
In order to start the apparatus it is filled more or less with petroleum.
A small apparatus with a flexible ball pump, Fig. 1, is filled up to a higher
level (comparatively) than is a larger apparatus (such as shewn in Fig. 2) in which
petroleum is continually being supplied during working.
Spirit or the like is poured into the heating dish and is ignited; this heats up
the spiral.
After the requisite conduit cocks (d' or D' and ') have been opened, pressure is
produced above the level of the petroleum in the reservoir, and at the same time
the petroleum is impregnated with air as much as possible, the two being brought
into the most intimate contact.
This is effected in a small apparatus such for instance as illustrated in Fig. 1 by
simply forcing the air through the petroleum, but is effected in the larger apparatus
(Fig. 2) by the petroleum, pumped out of B, falling through the tube or hollow
cylinder (which is partly filled with air) and being spirted up by rapid recipro-
cations of the piston k and being finally forced through the valve in piston k and
the foot valve at l.
In both arrangements the pump employed will produce and maintain above the
level of the petroleum the pressure necessary to force the petroleum into the
burner.
On its way to the flame orifice or nozzle a, the petroleum passes through the
piped to the sieve container g, and through the sieve e by which any impurities
there may be are arrested.

page_text: The petroleum vapor present during ordinary working in the upper burner
space, and in particular in the spiral, is transmitted through the whole conduit from
the vessel a, and the sieve container g with sieve e has a considerable share in
causing uniform distribution of pressure in the conduit.
From the sieve container g, the petroleum, which has already been heated up,
passes into the legs of the burner spiral; and in the spiral itself the petroleum
which is already being converted into vapor or has been converted into vapor,
receives heat through the wall of the spiral directly from the flame resulting from
the stream of gas which flows without violence from the very fine orifice u, the
flame breaking up against the upper parts of the coils and appearing between them
and laterally.
The heating dish is only used until the burner flame is produced then the high
temperature of that flame causes intense heating of the petroleum vapor.
The perfect symmetry of the pipe f, f,, is highly conducive to uniform
intense burning, and to this end also, the unions fo are arranged symmetrically
with respect to the inlet pipe d to the sieve container.
It is to be noted that the pumping arrangements might be modified without
departure from the nature of our invention hereinbefore described; the air and
petroleum might be forced into the reservoir simultaneously or otherwise in any
convenient or suitable manner.
Dated this 20th do of Awe 1800
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Apparatus for Illuminating and Heating by Means
of Petroleum.
We, JOHN LEEMANN and LOUIS BAUMGARTNER, both of St. Gallen,
Switzeriand, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Petroleum burners have long been known designed to cause vaporization of
ordinary petroleum, and in which the petroleum has been heated and converted
into vapor by flames issuing from the burner nozzles. These burners as heretofore
constructed have the disadvantage that the arrangements are not suitable for
promoting combustion and that the many and in part long passages are liable to
become choked up owing to the combustion not being sufficiently intense.
Now our apparatus hereinafter described is based upon the principle of providing
by a suitable arrangement of devices on the one hand for the taking up of an
adequate proportion of air or oxygen by the petroleum, and on the other hand for
the symmetrical supply from both sides of petroleum to the flame orifice or orifices
of the burner, for the purpose of obtaining a uniform intense flame.
:-
In the accompanying drawings:-
Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section of an apparatus provided with pumping
and air mixing arrangements, according to this invention.
Fig. 1 shows in section a detail hereinafter described.
Fig. 2 is a part plan of the arrangement of pipes shown in side elevation in
Fig. 1 for supplying several burners.
Fig. 3 illustrates an arrangement of a silent burner.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section to an enlarged scale of the lower part of the pumping

page_text: Fig. 5 is a horizontal section one half on the line A B, and the other half on the
line CD of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 a horizontal section on the line E F of Fig. 4.
The petroleum reservoir or vessel a is so arrange that there is introduced into
the petroleum, air of which part is absorbed by the petroleum and part rises
through the petroleum to the space above it and there exerts pressure on the
petroleum.
The illustrated apparatus having several burners, the supply pipes d to which
branch off from a main or collecting pipe or chamber D, is capable for instance of
being used for heating boilers.
It is obvious that the burners may be grouped as desired; thus one burner is
shown to the right in Fig. 1 in front elevation, and another burner is shown in
side elevation. The arrangement might also have only one supply pipe if
desired.
The air is introduced through the pipe or cylinder which extends nearly to the
bottom of the reservoir as indicated. A pipe or conduit d, or rather the
cocks D, chamber D and pipe d, leading from the lower part of the vessel
convey the petroleum to the burner proper or burners, through a sieve or sieves e
in a container or containers g. The sieve e is located quite close to the walls of its
container and is shown attached to a screw by means of which it is connected
with the container. The sieve container g is furnished with two junction pieces ƒ¨º
with which the tubular legs of the burner are connected.
The burner pruper is of symmetrical form and at the top is of a spiral form, the
flame orifice opening into the space bounded by the coil (see Fig. 1).
u
An orifice of very small diameter (say for example one third of a millimetre)
will be sufficient to serve as an efficient flame orifice, as indicated in the lower
middle cross section of the spiral tubular part of the burner. It is preferable
that the arrangement of the flame orifices or nozzles (or in the case of very small
apparatus the orifice or nozzle) should be as symmetrical as possible with regard to
the burners or to the centre thereof.
On the reservoir « in the arrangement shown, there is a charging funnel i for
petroleum.
contains the
The air supply tube 6 constitutes the cylinder of a pump in which the valved
piston can be moved up and down. The foot of the tube
outlet valve, and the conduit " enters the tube above the piston k.
This is not a usual arrangement for air or for liquid, but is an arrangement such
that the liquid petroleum, on the downstroke of the piston, is sucked in through the
relatively small tube and is conducted into the relatively large space of the
tube 6 containing air and constituting the piston cylinder.
On a quick upstroke of the piston k, the petroleum that is above the piston
will not only escape past the piston valve downwards, but will at the same time or
before, by the spirting or splashing of the petroleum, be brought into contact
with the air that is above the piston or above the petroleum which has been
drawn in.
In order that the petroleum shall not pass too readily into the space below the
piston, the piston valve has a comparatively small area of passage, or otherwise
offers a certain resistance to the passage of fluid through the same so as to retard
it and thereby produce a spirting or splashing of the petroleum.
This is also the case with the exit valve at the foot 1, this exit valve being under
spring pressure, and the petroleum being forced through it on the downstroke of
the piston.
On the piston rod k as shown in Fig. 4, is mounted the piston & comprising the
piston body carrying the piston cap 7, and having an upper and a lower disc
and ², and connecting conc. When the piston moves down, the cap bears
against the disc, and the piston draws petrolaum through the pipe, the petroleum
falling through the air contained in the pipe bon to the piston, the cap y which then

page_text: bears against r, preventing the further descent of the petroleum. When the piston
rises again, the piston cap y moves upward, similarly to a piston valve, and the
petroleum aided by the closing of the valves and the forming of a vacuum below
the piston can pass through the grooves or channels in the parts downward and
over the valves. The drawing up of the piston will cause a spirting up of the
petroleum and a further intimate mixing of the air and petroleum, but, saturation
of the petroleum with air is effected more particularly in consequence of the passage
of the mixture through the narrow channels of the piston body. For the same
reason, also the arrangement of the valve s is such that the lift of the valve is small
and consequently also the opening thereof is very narrow. The spring, mounted
on a bolt supported on a cross-bar between the extensions of the foot 1, presses
the valve s upon its scat.
The burner herein before described will produce a uniformly intense thin flame.
Now in order to adapt such a burner to produce a silent flame, the said burner
or its spiral is surrounded in a suitable manner with a casing or vessel whose
wall is perforated by a large number of small holes at which steady flames are
produced.
starting, there is appropriately
Figs. 1-3.
Fig. 3 illustrates the approximate position of such an enclosing case or vessel
with relation to the spiral portion of the burner as also, by way of example, a
manner in which the two parts may be connected.
For the purpose of heating the burner proper at
arranged under it any suitable heating dish such as
In order to start the apparatus, the reservoir or vessel a is filled more or less
with petroleum. Spirit or the like is poured into the heating dish and is ignited;
this heats up the spiral.
Pressure is produced above the level of the petroleum in the reservoir by pumping
either before or after opening the cocks Di and d and at the same time the
petroleum is impregnated as much as possible with air, the two being brought into
very intimate contact. This is effected by the petroleum pumped out of falling
through the tube or hollow cylinder (which is partly filled with air) and being
spirted up by rapid strokes of the piston and being finally forced through the
valve in the piston k and the foot valve at l.
The pump employed will produce and maintain above the level of the petroleum
the pressure necessary to force the petroleum into the burner.
On its way to the flame orifice or nozzle u, the petroleum passes through the
pipe d to the sieve container g, and through the sieve e by which any impurities
there may be in the petroleum, are arrested.
The pressure caused by the petroleum vapor present during working in the upper
burner space, and in particular in the spiral, is transmitted through the whole
conduit to the vessel a, the sieve container g (under f° fo) with sieve e greatly
assisting in causing uniformity in the distribution of pressure and in the supply of
petroleum in the conduit.
From the sieve container g, the petroleum, which will already have become
heated by conduction, passes into the legs of the burner spiral; and in the spiral
itself the petroleum, which is already being converted into vapor or has been
converted into vapor, receives heat through the wall of the spiral tube directly
from the flame resulting from the stream of gas which flows evenly and smoothly
from the very fine orifice u, the flame breaking up against the upper parts of the
coils and escaping between them vertically and laterally.
The heating dish is only used until the burner flame is produced; the high
temperature of that flame then causes intense heating of the spiral and the
petroleum vapor flowing therethrough.
The perfect symmetry of the pipe of constituting the burner is highly
conducive to uniform and intense combustion, and to this end also, the unions fo
are arranged symmetrically with respect to the inlet pipe d through the sieve
container.

page_text: claim is :-
In apparatus for burning petroleum :—
1. A device for simultaneously saturating petroleum with air and introducing the
mixture into a vessel a, comprising a pump having a relatively large cylinder, a
very small petroleum-supply pipe, and a pump-piston & provided with a valve
comprising the parts formed at their peripheries with very narrow channels
or passages, the arrangement being such that on the upstroke of the piston,
petroleum lying upon the piston, will be thrown upward and be thereby intermingled
with or diffused through the air in the pump cylinder substantially as described and
shown.
2. The combination with a pumping device of the kind referred to in the
preceding claim, of an exit valves arranged above the bolt t and provided with a
spring s
so that on the downstroke of the piston the valve will open only to a slight
extent, but the valve can be opened to a somewhat greater extent when the pressure
is increased.
3. The receiver arranged between the supply conduit d and the symmetrically
arranged feet of the burner, and containing a sieve e secured to a screw
threaded plug screwed into the said receiver, substantially as described and shown
for the purposes specified.
i
4. The receiver with sieve e arranged above the supply pipe d, and carrying
the burner " which is mounted symmetrically with reference to the said supply
pipe, the head of the said burner being constructed in the form of a horizontal
spiral having one or more burner apertures or nozzles located at its lower inner
periphery in the middle of the spiral or symmetrically to the middle as set forth,
substantially as described and shown.
5. The combination with the burner, of the hollow casing p, Fig. 3,
enclosing the buruer head, and having fine openings a, the said casing serving to
make the burner silent when the same is in use, substantially as described.
6. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the new or improved
apparatus for illuminating and heating by means of petrolcum as hereinbefore
described with reference to and shown in the drawings annexed.
Dated this 1st day of June 1891.
זזזז