IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING AND MOVING FLUID AND OTHER BODIES,"AND' IN APPA- RATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ROBINSON, of Stepney, in the County Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
'WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent under the "Great Seal of the United Kingdom of 'Great'
Britain and Ireland, bearing "date at Westminster, the Seventh day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the fourteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant" unto
me, the said John Robinson, my exors, adññors, and assigns, 'Her especial
license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John
Robinson, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such other's as 'I, the said John
Robinson, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all' times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise; and 'vend," within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed; my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING AND MOVING FLUID AND OTHER BODIES," 'AND' IN APPA-
RATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso that I, the said John Robinson, shall cause' a par-
ticular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said 'in' part

page_text: recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Robinson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and 5
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists, first, of improvements in lifting and moving fluids.
Secondly, my Invention. consists of improvements in machinery. for lifting 1
and moving bodies.
And, thirdly, my Invention consists of improvements in machinery for
steering ships and other vessels.
:
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood, and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A.
1
Figure 1 shows a vertical section of a pump for lifting and moving fluids ;
Figure 2 is a plan thereof, with driving gear removed.; and Figures 3 and, 4
are two sections taken respectively at the dotted lines (1), 1),. and (2), 2),
in Figure 1. In this arrangement the axis a, and the barrel b, are to be a
caused to rotate in opposite directions by any suitable means. The axis a is
stepped into a suitable bearing at a', and it is supported in an upright position
by a bearing at a², at the lower part of the barrel b; and the axis 6' of the
barrel is stepped into a suitable bearing at b². On the axis a are fixed portions
of screws c, c, which revolve with the axis a in a direction suitable for lifting a
or moving the fluid upwards; and on the interior of the barrel 6 there are
portions of screws d, d, fixed, there being also a disc or partition e, e, with
valves and openings therein, for the passage of fluid. f is a fixed or stationary
head or trough, into which the fluid, as it is lifted or moved upwards, flows;
and the fluid so raised flows out of the cover at g.. Motion is shown to be
communicated to the axis a and barrel. 6, in opposite directions, by means of
the axis h, and bevelled toothed wheel i fixed. therein, which takes into and
gives motion to the axis a, by the bevelled toothed wheel j fixed on that axis,
and by the bevelled toothed wheel k, which is fixed on the upper part or neck
of the barrel b...
Figure 5 shows a section of apparatus for draining, and such like purposes,
where the water requires to be lifted from one level to. another. 1 is a pipe
descending into the water at the lower level, and rising so as to deliver water

page_text: at the next level. At the lower end the pipe is enlarged, so as to admit of
the valves offering an opening equal to the section of the pipe 1. The water
is moved or lifted by means of the axis m, having fixed thereon blades.or:
portions of screws c, c; and motion is to be communicated to the: axis m by
any suitable power.
Figure 6 shows a side elevation of machinery for giving motion to a crank axis
for working pump rods; Figure 7 shows a vertical section thereof;. Figure 8:
shows a plan thereof; and Figure 9 shows some of the details of the nipping
levers used in giving motion to the crank axis. The crank axis n is shown to
be for working two pump rods, there being two cranks at right angles, as shown;
but this may be varied. The nipping levers or apparatus are similar to those:
described by me in the Specification of a former- Patent. for giving motion to
windlass barrels. I do not therefore make any claim thereto separately, this
part of my Invention consisting of combining them with suitable machinery
or apparatus for lifting or moving fluids, as herein explained. On the crank
shaft or axis n are fixed two flanched discs o, and on either side of each such.
discs are placed the two parts of the, nipping apparatus p, p, which are secured
together as shewn; "and the nipping. lever q has its axis passing through them..
Hence, as the nipping apparatus at the two discs o are alternately moved UP
and down by suitable means, a continuous rotatory motion will be obtained to
the crank axis n; and I prefer to give the requisite up and down motion to the
nipping apparatus p, q, by means of a beam r, on the axis s, to which I com
municate motion by means of handspikes or bars inserted into the sockets t...
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention.
:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS B.
Figure 1. shows a front view; Figure 2, a back view; Figure 3; a 'plan;.
Figure 4, an end view; and Figure 5, a transverse section, of a windlass for
lifting and moving bodies. The barrel of this windlass is driven by means of
two apparatus A, A, each consisting of two parts joined together,.and carrying
several palls, and which are put in motion by means of a lever B. The
parts A, with the palls, are similar to what have before been used for like
purposes; but the means of giving motion thereto by a lever B is what con-
stitutes part of my improvements in such descriptions of machinery. The
parts A, with their palls, in each driving apparatus, is connected the bent
lever B by a pin joint at B'; and the lever B at one end moves on a wheel.
or roller B, the other end being made with holes to admit of the quantity of
motion given thereto being varied, although the driving handles C may be at..
all times moved to the same extent. By the levers B it will be found that

page_text: motion, will be given to the driving apparatus A with more advantage than the
means heretofore resorted to... In order to admit of a .cable being allowed to;
run out, and the barrel of the windlass to turn in the opposite, when the cable
is moving in that direction, I have applied a nipping apparatus-in- such.
manner that it will allow the windlass barrel to turn back when running-out a
cable, and yet stop it when desired, so that the pall or other driving apparatus
may be for the time: being put out of action. I cause the pall-driving appa-,
ratus shewn in the Drawings to be put out of action by the axis of the lower
pall passing through its bearing, so as to liave a handle..fixed..thereon, by
which, that, pall, being lifted out of, the way of the. teeth, the other, palls. will
also be lifted or moved out of the way. Dis a flanched, disc or wheel fixed
on the barrel of the windlass. E is a nipping apparatus, such as has here-
tofore been employed for giving motion to, a windlass ;; but in the present,
arrangement it is applied in such manner that. the: barral of the windlass.may
turn: freely in the lordinary direction when worked by the pall or other driving
apparatus used, but such nipping, apparatus will retain the barrel from.moving
when the pall.or 'other, driving apparatus is put out of action; and, by means
of such nipping apparatus, the barrel,may be allowed, to turn back..when
running out cable, or be stopped by the nipping apparatus, as may be required.
Eis a lever, moving on a fulcrum or, axis at F. This lever, when the nipping
apparatus is in action, is supported in; the position, shewn in the section. by.
means of the part F. and at the lower, end of..the part F2 there is an eye Fs,
through which.a,bar may be placed when it is desired to move the. end on to
or off the step G. So long as the part F2 is on the step, the nipping lever will
be in action; but on moving the same from the step the nipping lever will
allow the barrel of the windlass to turn back, and admit of the cable running
out: The nipping apparatus consists of the parts E, the nipping lever E,
which by a link E is connected to the link E³, which at the one end is con-
nected: to the lever F, and at the other end to the projection: E; and there
is a projection Ei, which, when the nipping apparatus is out of use, rests on
the step E, all which will readily be understood, on examining these
Drawings.
"
Another of my improvements consists of the application of the bearing H
for the cable when it is being given out, in order to cause the cable to pass
on and round the windlass barrel without, the incoming cable riding on the.
previous parts,coiled on to the barrel, the friction offered to the cable by riding
ower the part H causing the incoming parts of the cable to force the previous
coils, away from the incoming coil. The bearing H is fixed to the metal
strap H',.which is placed as shewn; and it should be understood, that when

page_text: the cable is to be given out by the barrel running back, the cable is to be
lifted on to the bearing H, over which it will slide, and descend and coil round
the barrel.
I-will now. describe. the third part of my Invention, part of which consists
of improvements in the construction of rudders, and the other parts consist of
improvements in the apparatus for moving the rudder when steering:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS C..
Figure....shows part of the stern of a ship or vessel, partly in section,
shewing my improvements in the construction in the rudder, which is shewn
to be made of two parts; one being hung in a similar manner to ordinary,
rudders, the other part being arranged to be raised or lowered, as occasion
may require. A is. the part of the rudder which is hung in the ordinary
manner of.a rudder, and, consists of a hollow metal case A,, within which the
part B can be raised or lowered. It is shewn by the-Drawing in its lowest
position. In place of.
part A being a hollow case for receiving the part B, it
may simply consist of one plate having a slot in it, and a strong pin passing.
through.the slot; such pin having a head which will not pass through the slot';
and-the-pin is fixed in. the part B, so that the parts A and B will be retained
together, and yet allow of the part B being raised or lowered.
Figure. 1 also shows a side elevation of a steering apparatus according to
my improvements; Figure. 2 shows a front view thereof; and: Figure. 3, a
plan. The upper part of the rudder has a hole through it, through which-the
screw C is passed, there being plates D fixed on either side of the head of the
rudder, which have female screws therein. At the end of the shaft of the
screw the socket at the end of the link E is placed, and retained therein by a
pin or cotter: The link E is connected to the nut F, which moves to and fro
on the screw shaft G, when that screw shaft is caused to rotate.
of causing the link E to act on the rudder may be resorted to.
if its end pass through and slide in an eye or opening formed
the rudder, it will have a similar effect.
Other means
For instance>>
at the head of
Figure 4 shows an elevation; Figure 5, a plan; and Figure 6; a back view,
of another arrangement of steering apparatus according to my Invention. On
the tiller wheel axis H is fixed a pinion, which takes into and moves the
rack I, which is attached to the lever J by a pin joint. The 'rack-I moves in
guides K,, carried by the axis H, and within which
means the rack and pinion are kept.to their work.
axis at J', carried by the projecting bearings K'.
is a socket J, which has an axis, as shown; and such socket J² is capable of
sliding to and fro on the axis H of the tiller wheel. The bearing or socket L
it revolves. By this
The lever J moves on-an
At one end of the lever J

page_text: of the axis H is carried by the cap M fixed on the rudder head; and such
socket turns freely with its pin or axis L'. At the lower end of the axis J' is
fixed an arm J³, there being a sliding pin or axis J', which slides to and fro in
guides, or is otherwise controlled to move so as to approach and recede from
the rudder head as the rudder is put over on to the one side or the other.
By this arrangement a very convenient. steering apparatus is produced.
Figure 7 shews a side elevation; Figure 8, a plan; and Figure 9, a front
view, of another arrangement of steering apparatus, similar in several respects
to the one last described. But in this arrangement, in place of using a rack
and pinion, there is a sliding bar, with a rope or chain, which is wound on to
and off a barrel fixed on the axis H. The Drawing shews the ends of the
rope or chain as being fixed to the plates N, within which the axis: H can
revolve, and the cord or chain; in passing to the barrel O, pass through blocks;
by which means the power of the steering apparatus is increased; but when
less power is required, and greater speed of action, then the ends of the rope
or chain may be made fast to the ends of the sliding bar, and the blocks
shewn be for the time being dispensed with.
Figure 10 shews a side elevation, and Figure 11 a plan, of another arrangement
of steaming apparatus, according to my Invention. On the rudder head is fixed
a cap P, in which there is a groove forming a guide for the sliding piece-Q, the
axis of which turns.in. a plate which is fixed to the under side of the pulley W'.
The axis S of the tiller wheel T turns in bearings S¹, as shown: On the axis S is
a barrel V, with a spiral groove. This barrel is capable of sliding on the axis,
but turns with it by reason of a feather, as is well understood. W is a chain
or cord which at its ends are fixed to the pulley W; the chain or cord being
guided by the guide pulleys X. The chain or cord takes some turns in the
groove of the barrel V; as shewn; and, to ensure the barrel moving correctly,
the fixed pin V passes into the groove, so that the barrel V will move to and
fro on its axis a distance depending on the extent the axis is turned. If it is
desired that the apparatus should be made more powerful in case of bad:
weather, then, in place of the ends of the chain or cord W being made fast to
the pulley W, there are to be. blocks affixed thereto," and "the ends of the
chain or cord are to be lengthened; and passed through the same, and made
fast to any fixed points, by which the speed of movement will be decreased;
and the power of the steersman encreased in proportion.
Figure 12 shows a side view, and Figure 13 is a plan, of another
arrangement of steering apparatus. On the head of the rudder is fixed a
cap having two projections or lugs U, to which two: connecting rods U¹ are
attached by pin joints, and the other ends of these. rods are attached by
pin joints to the cross head. Ye, which moves on the fixed axis Y, on the

page_text: upper part of which is a socket or bearing for the axis of the tiller wheel
The cross head is cast with the toothed sector Us, and therefore the sector
and cross head move together. On the axis of the tiller wheel is fixed a
pinion Z, which takes into and drives the toothed sector U³; and, in order to
prevent any springing out of the teeth thereof, the apparatus Z' is used, which
retain the pinion and the toothed sector constantly in gear, as will be seen on
examining the Drawing.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the details here given, so long as the peculiar character of any part of my
Invention be retained. But what I claim is,―
First, the mode of combining apparatus for lifting and moving fluids
described by reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the Drawings A.
I also claim the mode of arranging or combining apparatus described by
reference to Figure 5 in the Drawings A.
And I also claim the combining of nipping apparatus with apparatus for
working pump rods described by reference to Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 in the
Drawings A.
Secondly, I claim the improvements in windlasses for lifting and moving
bodies described in respect to the Drawings B.
And, thirdly, I claim the improvements in steering apparatus or machinery
described in respect to the Drawings C.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Robinson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.