AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH BAR IRON AS IS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF ROD IRON
Year: 1848

page_text: RUSSELL'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
RUSSELL, of Lydbrook, in the County of Gloucester, Ironmaster, send
greeting.
'WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day
year
of January, One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the elventh
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
ne, the said William Russell, my. exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William
Russell, ny exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Willian Russell, iny exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH BAR IRON
AS IS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF ROD IRON;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said William Russell,
should cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is. to be performed, by an instrument in writing.
under my hand aud seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Russell, have ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, in and by the following description

page_text: thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto uncaus
figures and letters marked thereon :-
may
My Invention applies to the manufacture of the kind of bar iron. known as
charcoal bar iron, and which is used for billets in the manufacture of wire rod
irou and horse-nail rod iron, and the improvement consists in subjecting such bar
iron during its passage through the rolls to the operation of a kind of die or
draw-plate, (which I denominate a "cleanser "), whereby the spill and scale are
removed from the surface, which spill and scale, if left on, has to be burnt off
when the billets are heated in the billet furnace, thereby greatly injuring the billet
iron. The cleanser is composed of two plates, one or both of which are move-
on.the under elge of the upper
able up and down in a vertical slide, and having
plate, and on the upper edge of the lower plate, one or more grooves, corre
sponding in form to the section of those in the rolls, which for this kind of bar
iron are generally rectangular, and of a V-form, and the grooves in the upper
plate stand immediately over the grooves in the lower plate, so that when the
two plates are brought together the junction of the grooves form apertures
corresponding to the sectional form of the bar iron as it comes from the
have any
rolls. The cleanser is placed in front of the grooved rolls, and
required number of V-grooves in it, which grooves should stand in a right
line with a corresponding number of grooves at the finishing end of the rolls.
Figure 1 represents a transverse section of the cleanser, and Figure 2 a
front elevation, a is the bed plate, which is secured to the bed plate of the
d is the upper
rolls. b, b, is a vertical frame, bolted at c to the bed plate a.
plate of the cleanser, having two grooves 1, 2. e is the lower plate of the
cleanser, having also two grooves 1, 2. g is a shaft, carrying an arm or lifte
h, acting upon the moveable plate e of the cleanser, whereby the moveable
plate is raised or lowered, according to the direction in which the shaft i
turned by the handle or lever ... m, m, are the rolls of the ordinary con
struction. I conduct. the process as follows:- The iron is first converted i
the usual way with charcoal in a refinery out of refined iron, called "
iron," and made into lumps of about one hundredweight one quarter. It i
thence taken to the hamnier, and hammered into a bar of five or six inche
square, and is then passed through the rolls until it is reduced to about on
and a half inches square, when it will have arrived at the last two grooves
the rolls, and in front of which is situated the cleanser, as above mentione
The piece e being lowered to the position shewn by the dotted lines, the iron
passed through the cleansing tool; and entered in the last groove but one
the rolls, and the piece e being then raised so as to grip the iron tightly in th
left-hand groove of the upper and lower piece of the tool, the iron is draw
through the tool by the operation of the rolls, and the scale or spill is there
"mett

page_text: emoved from its surface.
back over the rolls, and is
When the iron has cleared the rolls it is passed
then in like manner passed through the last groove
of the roll, and through the right-hand groove of the cleanser, by which any
remaining scale is removed, and the iron may then be cut into "billets," to bo
afterwards rolled down into rods, in the usual manner.
Having thus set forth the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I hereby claim as my Invention the
employment of a "cleanser" or scraper in combination with the ordinary rolls
in the manufacture of charcoal bar iron to be used for billets in the manufac-
ture of wire rod iron and horse-nail rod iron, in order to free the said bar iron
so to be used as aforesaid, and at that part of the process of manufacture
from the spil and scale which, if not then removed, would have, as heretofore
to be burnt off when the billets are heated in the billet furnace, to tho
great detriment of the billet iron. And such my Invention being, to the best
of my knowledge and belief, entirely new, and never before used within that
part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, Her said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my Specification of the same, and that
I do verily believe this my said Specification doth comply in all respects, fully
and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before
in part recited Letters. Patent. contained, whereby I do hereby claim to
maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Russell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this
day of July, in the year of our Lord One
-
od and forty-eight
LLIAM
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of July, in the
year of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid William Russell can:e before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specifici, in form
above written. And also the 'Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that-purpose. -
Enrolled the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord Ond
thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
RUSSELL, of Lydbrook, in the County of Gloucester, Ironmaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day
of January, One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the elventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Russell, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William
Russell, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Russell, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH BAR IRON
AS IS USED, IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF ROD IRON;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said William Russell,
should cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Russell, have ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, in and by the following description

page_text: thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon:-
My Invention applies to the manufacture of the kind of bar iron known as
charcoal bar iron, and which is used for billets in the manufacture of wire rod
iron and horse-nail rod iron, and the improvement consists in subjecting such bar
iron during its passage through the rolls to the operation of a kind of die or
draw-plate, (which I denominate a "cleanser "), whereby the spill and scale are
removed from the surface, which spill and scale, if left on, has to be burnt off
when the billets are heated in the billet furnace, thereby greatly injuring the billet
iron. The cleanser is composed of two plates, one or both of which are move-
able up and down in a vertical slide, and having on the under edge of the upper
plate, and on the upper edge of the lower plate, one or more grooves, corre-
sponding in form to the section of those in the rolls, which for this kind of bar
iron are generally rectangular, and of a V-form, and the grooves in the upper
plate stand immediately over the grooves in the lower plate, so that when the
two plates are brought together the junction of the grooves form apertures
corresponding to the sectional form of the bar iron as it comes from the
rolls. The cleanser is placed in front of the grooved rolls, and may have any
required number of V-grooves in it, which grooves should stand in a right
line with a corresponding nuniber of grooves at the finishing end of the rolls.
Figure 1 represents a transverse section of the cleanser, and Figure 2 a
front elevation.. a is the bed plate, which is secured to the bed plate of the
rolls. b, b, is a vertical frame, bolted at c to the bed plate a. d is the upper
plate of the cleanser, having two grooves 1, 2. e is the lower plate of the
cleanser, having also two grooves 1, 2. g is a shaft, carrying an arm or lifter
h, acting upon the moveable plate of the cleanser, whereby the moveable
plate is raised or lowered, according to the direction in which the shaft is
turned by the handle or lever k. m, m, are the rolls of the ordinary con-
.struction. I conduct the process as follows:-The iron is first converted in
the usual way with charcoal in a refinery out of refined iron, called "mettle
iron," and made into lumps of about one hundredweight one quarter. It is
.thence taken to the hammer, and hammered into a bar of five or six inches
square, and is then passed through the rolls until it is reduced to about one
and a half inches square, when it will have arrived at the last two grooves of
.the rolls, and in front of which is situated the cleanser, as above mentioned.
The piece e being lowered to the position shewn by the dotted lines, the iron is
passed: through the cleausing tool, and entered in the last groove but one of
the rolls,, and the piece e being then raised so as to grip the iron tightly in the
left-hand groove of the upper and lower picce of the tool, the iron is drawn
through the tool by the operation of the rolls, and the scale or spill is thereby

page_text: removed from its surface.
back over the rolls, and is
When the iron has cleared the rolls it is passed
then in like manner passed through the last groove
of the roll, and through the right-hand groove of the cleanser, by which any
remaining scale is removed, and the iron may then be cut into "billets," to be
afterwards rolled down into rods, in the usual manner.
Having thus set forth the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I hereby claim as my Invention the
employment of a "cleanser" or scraper in combination with the ordinary rolls
in the manufacture of charcoal bar iron to be used for billets in the manufac-
ture of wire rod iron and horse-nail rod iron, in order to free the said bar iron
so to be used as aforesaid, and at that part of the process of manufacture
from the spill and scale which, if not then removed, would have, as heretofore
to be burnt off when the billets are heated in the billet furnace, to the
great detriment of the billet iron. And such my Invention being. to the best
of my knowledge and belief, entirely new, and never before used within that
part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, Her said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my Specification of the same, and that
I do verily believe this my said Specification doth comply in all respects, fully
and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent contained, whereby I do hereby claim to
maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Russell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this
day of July, in the year of our Lord One
-
thousand night hundred and forts-aight