IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE MIXING OR COMBINING OF AIR AND COMBUSTIBLE VAPOUR IN ORDER TO RENDER THE SAME SUITABLE FOR LIGHTING PURPOSES AND IN BURNERS FOR SAME TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustave Adolphe Schoth of Euston Road in the County
of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR
APPLIANCES FOR THE MIXING OR COMBINING OF AIR AND COMBUSTIBLE
VAPOUR IN ORDER TO RENDER THE SAME SUITABLE FOR LIGHTING PURPOSES
AND IN BURNERS FOR SAME TO BE USED THEREWITH
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustave Adolphe Schoth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1882.
GUSTAVE ADOLPHE SCHOTH of Euston Road in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE MIXING OR COMBINING
OF AIR AND COMBUSTIBLE VAPOUR IN ORDER TO RENDER THE SAME SUITABLE
FOR LIGHTING PURPOSES AND IN BURNERS FOR SAME TO BE USED THEREWITH
"
According to my Invention the apparatus for producing the combustible mixture
consists of a metal vessel preferably of a bottle shape in the neck of which a
stopper may be secured by screwing or otherwise, through this stopper and close to
one another are passed two metal tubes, the ends projecting at upper part of the
stopper are to be connected respectively one with an air pump or bellows and the
other with a tube conveying the air and vapours to the burner or burners of the
lamp or lamps: the tubes descend to about one third of the vessel's depth; over
these tubes is fitted another tube of such diameter and shape as to enclose them
and made of the same length as the others and free to slide up and down so that
when the slide tube is pulled up it leaves the orifices of the two tubes free and
when pushed down it makes like a single orifice prolongation of the said tubes;
the slide tube is connected by a rod or screw preferably passing through the
stopper to a knob outside the vessel for the purpose of moving the slide tube up or
down at the will of the operator. To use this apparatus about one third of the
vessel is filled with hydrocarbon as for instance benzoline the supply of which
may be regulated by any suitable means: then if the air pump or bellows is
worked a current of air will be sent through the corresponding tube and blow on

page_text: the surface of the liquid thus evaporating some of it and the air so mixed with the
combustible vapour will flow into the other tube and be conveyed to the lamp or
lamps. Now if the slide tube is lowered a down and up current of air will be
formed in it the upper current of which will partly neutralise the down one so
that a part of the air will be carried away before reaching the surface of the liquid
thus evaporating a less quantity, so the more the slide tube is lowered less is the
quantity of vapour mixed with the air; the reverse will take place by pulling
it up.
The next part of my invention refers to the mode of arranging and making
burners for producing light by the combustion of the mixture of air and com-
Lustible vapours before described. For this purpose to make the burner I take a
short piece of metal tube and fix at one end preferably at the inner edge a small
cap or chamber of woven platinum wires or other suitable metal or substances,
thus forming a combustion chamber for the said mixture; this small chamber may
be preferably in the shape of an elongated cone or like a thimble, but I do not
limit myself to the shape; over this first cap or chamber I place a second and over
the second a third about similar in shape to the first, but of larger size so as to
leave a small space between each other, the second and third chambers are
preferably fixed to the outside of the tube. The working of the burner is as
follows: Having previously fixed the burner on a holder or bracket having a tap,
this tap is at first slightly turned on so as to allow a small quantity of the.com-
bustible mixture-to-pass through the burner, then on the application of a light to
the burner the combustion of the mixture takes placo and directly the chambers_
-become-red-hot or incandescent.;. now if the tap is turned more on the chambers
will come to a white heat the result of-which-is a brilliant light without flame-
emitted by the incandescence-of-the-metal chambers and a perfect combustion of
the vapours. Instead of using woven wire cloth finely perforated surfaces may bo
used, nor do I confine myself to any particular shape and size of burner or
apparatus.
This system of lighting is applicable for houses, factories, museums, libraries,
streets, towns; for ships, submarine operations lighthouses, for trains, mines, for
military land and naval operations; for signalling, for medical and surgical
purposes and for any other purpose for which light is applicable.
The combustion of the mixture of air and bydrocarbon vapour according to my
invention produces a very intense heat so raising the temperature of the platinum
burners to very near the fusing point thus producing the maximum possible light
and at much less cost than that produced from ordinary coal gas. There is an
absence of flame: it produces a very powerful and steady light and gives very
little heat, is not affected by wind, does not blacken the ceilings of rooms or other
places does not require any alteration in fittings.
The burners need never be wholly extinguished, the consumption of air and
vapour would at the same time be very small.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patont filed
by the said Gustave Adolpho Schoth in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th May 1883.
GUSTAVE ADOLPHE SCHOTи of Euston Road in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE MIXING OR COMBINING
OF AIR AND COMBUSTIBLE VAPOUR IN ORDER TO RENDER THE SAME SUITABLE FOR
LIGHTING PURPOSES AND IN BURNERS FOR SAME TO BE USED THEREWITH
"
My Invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
drawings.
Figure 1 is a view in plan. Figure 2 in side elevation and Figure 3 in longitudinal
vertical section of one form of apparatus for mixing air and combustible vapour
according to my invention.
a is the vessel in which the combustible mixture is contained, this vessel may be
made of any convenient dimensions and form according to the purposes to which
it is to be applied whether for example it is to be used for the production of a
sufficiently large supply of the mixture to supply many burners or only for a few
or even one. The longitudinal vertical section Figure 3 shows a chamber e in the
interior of the vessol a of an inverted conical shapo to receive the air and gas
mixing tubes, the construction and combination of which will be hereafter more
clearly described; in some cases heat may be applied to the chamber e for the
vaporisation or for assisting in vaporizing the hydrocarbon; bb are the partitions
therein which form the conical chamber e; c the receptacle or space for the hydro-
carbon benzoline for example; d Figures 1 and 2 is the stoppered aperture by
which the hydrocarbon is introduced to the receptacle c Figure 3; f is a bont
tube leading from the upper part or chamber c to the lower part or chamber e of
the vessel a and forming communication between the hydrocarbon receptacle c and
the chamber e; g is a second tube communicating with the lower end of the
receptacle c and the bottom of the chamber e and so that the hydrocarbon can by
this tube pass from the receptacle c to the chamber c; tho lower end of the tubo f
regulates the height of the hydrocarbon liquid in the chamber c and the short
tube g keeps up the supply of hydrocarbon and maintains it at a uniform level in
the chamber e so long as thero is any liquid in the receptacle c; hh are taps to
the tubes ƒ and g respectively for opening the supply or for cutting off same; ii
are the gas mixing tubes which with the necessary plug or cap i forin a stopper to
the receptacle and may be secured to the rim by screwing or otherwise; through
this stopper and close to one another are passed the two metal tubes i i¹; the ends
projecting at upper part of stopper are to be connected respectively one to pipe or
tube & communicating with an air pump or bellows and the other with a tube 7
conveying the mixed air and vapours to the burner or burners of the lamp or
lamps; the tubes i descend to about one third or moro of the receptacle
vessels e depth; over these tubes is fitted another tube m of such diameter and
shape as to enclose the tubes i and made of the same length as the latter and
free to slide up and down over the tubes i, i', so that when the slido tube m is
pulled
up
it leaves the orifices of the two tubes i free and when pushed down it
makes like a single orifice prolongation of the said tubes. The slide tube mis
connected and actuated by a rod or screw o preferably passing through the
stopper to a knob outside the vessel a for the purpose of moving the slide
tube m up or down at the will of the operator. The action or operation is as
follows: Hydrocarbon as for instance benzoline is admitted in the chamber e the
supply of which and the level thereof may be regulated by any suitable means, as
for example by the pipes ƒ and g communicating with the reservoir c then if the

page_text: air pump or bellows is worked a current of air will pass by the tube k and through
the tube i and blow on the surface of the liquid in the chamber e thus evaporating
some of it, and the air so mixed with the combustible vapour will flow into and
pass away by the tube and be conveyed to the lamp or lamps by the tube l.
Now if the slido tube m is lowered, a down and up current of air will be formed in
it the upper current of which will partly neutralize the down one so that a part of
the air will be carried away before reaching the surface of the liquid, thus
evaporating a less quantity so the more the slide tube m is lowered, less is the
quantity of vapour mixed with the air the reverse will take place by pulling it up.
Figure 4 is a view of an apparatus a similar to that before described, with
lamp a, the apparatus being constructed and arranged to be used for microscopical
or medical purposes showing flexible tubes connected to the apparatus, one tube k
for supplying the air the other for conveying the mixture to the burner or
lamp a; n is a flexible bag for pumping in the air by the pressure of the hand as
is well known.
Figure 5 shows a modified form of lamp for medical or microscopical purposes to
that shown at Figure 4. The lamp or burner a' in this case being fitted directly
onto the pipe the equivalent to that pipe so marked in the previous figures. In
the case of these medical or hand lamps shown at Figures 4, 5, and 6 the
reservoir a is not divided into two chambers, but otherwise the arrangement and
apparatus is similar to Figures 1, 2 and 3.-
Figure 6-shows the gas producing and regulating apparatus arranged according
to my invention as applied to a surgical instrument for cauterizing purposes
wherein a platinum. tube is used instead of the burner before described.
The next part of my Invention-refers to the mode of arranging and making
burners for producing-light-by the combustion of the mixture of air and combustible-
vapours before described. For this purpose to make the burner-I-tako_a_short_
piece of metal tube and fix at one end preferably at the inner edge a small cap or
chamber of woven platinum wires or other suitable metals or substances thus
forming a combustion chamber for the said mixture this small chamber may be
preferably in the shape of an elongated cone or like a thimble.
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 show four such varieties of burners. Figure 7 showing a
burner with single wire or wiro gauze chamber. Figure 8 with two chambers
Figure 9 with three chambers and Figure 10 of a double combination, but I do not
limit myself to the shape or size. Over the first cap or chamber I preferably place
a second and over the second a third, about similar in shape to the first, but of
larger sizes so as to leave a small space between each other for the purpose of
obtaining as perfect as may be combustion of the gas; the second and third
chambers are preferably fixed to the outside of the tube. The working of the
burner is as follows. Having previously fixed the burner on a holder or bracket
baving a tap, this tap is at first slightly turned on so as to allow a small quantity
of the combustible mixture to pass through the burner then on the application of
a light to the burner the combustion of the mixture takes place and directly the
chambers become red hot or incandescent now if the tap is turned more on the
chambers will come to a white heat the result of which is a brilliant light without
flame emitted by the incandescence of the metal chambers and a perfect combustion
of the vapours. Instead of using woven wire cloth, finely perforated surfaces may
be used.
This system of lighting is applicable for houses, factories, museums libraries,
streets, towns, for ships, submarine operations, lighthouses, for trains, mines, for
military land and naval operations, for signalling, for medical and surgical purposes
and for any other purpose for which light is applicable. The combustion of the
mixture of air and hydrocarbon vapour according to my invention produces a very
intense heat so raising the temperature of the platinum burners to very near the
fusing point thus producing the maximum possible light and at much less cost
than that produced from oruinary coal gas.
There is an absence of flame; I may call it The Airo-carbon incandescent light.

page_text: It produces a very powerful and steady light; gives very little heat, is not
affected by wind; does not blacken the ceilings of rooms or other places; does not
require any alteration in fittings.
The burners need never be wholly extinguished the consumption of air and
vapour would at the same time be very small.
Figure 11 shows a burner A such as in Figures 7, 8 or 9 applied to an ordinary
gas fitting with porcelain shade.
When the gas is to be produced on a large scale and to be conveyed to a distance
I dry the air to be used in the manufacture of the gas by passing it over lime or
other moisture absorbent.
In order to regulate the pressure of the gas it is convenient to apply automatic
means I may thus as shown at Figure 12 regulate the speed of the engine A which
drives the air supply pump B from the gas holder; for this purpose the bell C of
the latter is provided with a rack D which as the bell C rises or falls impels the
tooth wheel E one way or the other. The spindle of the wheel E has a pinion F
which gears into a wheel G on the spindle of which is fixed a lever H which by
connecting rod I actuates the throttle valve lever K of the driving engine A. in
such manner that as the bell C rises the throttle valve is proportionally closed and
thus the speed of the engine A and pump B becomes reduced; if on the other
hand the bell C drops the throttle valve will be opened more fully and the speed
of engine and pump be increased. The lever H has a sector slot as shown for
adjusting the position of the connecting rod I relatively thereto in accordance with
the elevation of bell C which it is desired to work with. L is the gas producing
apparatus which is constructed with the same leading features as described with
referenco to Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed I declare that I claim.
First-In an apparatus for mixing and combining of air and combustible vapour
the construction arrangement and combination of vessel for containing hydro-
carbon liquid and the employment of tubes ii and slide tube m operated by rod o
for mixing and regulating the combination of air and vapour all substantially as
and for the purposes set forth and particularly with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4
and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Second-The construction and employment of burners to be used in combination
with the apparatus before described for the production of the combined air and
vapour substantially as described with reference to Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 of the
accompanying drawings.
Third-In surgical cauterising apparatus the employment therewith of regulators
for the vessels substantially as set forth and particularly with reference to
Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth-The combined apparatus for the production and regulation of air gas
substantially as described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 12.
In witness whereof I the said Gustave Adolphe Schoth have hereunto set my
hand and seal this seventh day of May in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
A SCHOTU Gol