An Improved Machine for the Manufacture of Paper Bags, Paper Shells, or Cases with Flat Bottoms.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Jan., 1889
Soecification Accepted, 23rd Mar., 1889
An Improved Machine for the Manufacture of Paper Bags, Paper
Shells, or Cases with Flat Bottoms.,
I, FRIEDRICH HESSER of Cannstait, in the Kingdom of Wurtemberg, German
Empire, Engineer, do, hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention has for its object an improved machine for the manufacture of paper
bags with flat bottoms, such as are sometimes used to hold, tobacco, tea, cocoa and the
like. The said invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Fig. 1. represents a stamped out piece of paper intended to make the paper bag,
shewing the places where the pasting medium is laid on.
Fig. 2. represents a half finished shell.
Fig. 3. represents the finished paper shell.
Figs. 4, 5, & 6. shew the bottom of the shell in three different stages of its manu-
facture.
Fig. 7. is a side view of the machine.
Fig. 8. is a front view of the machine.
Fig. 9. is a ground plan of the machine.
Figs. 10 to 30. are sundry detail drawings, representing the more important parts
of the machine.
The manufacture of the shells according to my invention proceeds as follows:-
A piece of stamped out paper as represented in Fig. 1. is placed on the transport
platform A. Figs. 7 & 9. against the catch a, which helps to convey the paper to a
position directly underneath the stampers c, c¹, & c². Above the stampers is placed
the glueing, apparatus, more fully described below which furnishes, the stampers with
the glue to be transferred to the paper.
The paper having been provided with glue as shewn in Fig: 1 it is conveyed
along the transport platform A. to the mandrel. C. Fig. 9. by which it is caught. and
rolled un

page_text: The combined mechanisın B. Fig. 7. straightens the paper. closely round the
mandrel C. so that it obtains the shape of the mandrel and becomes fastened
lengthways as represented by Fig. 2. By means of the combined gear D.
Figs. 7, 8, 9 & 14, the flaps 1, 2, 3 & 4, Fig. 1. of the paper shells are folded one
after another against the fore end of the mandrel C. as shewn in Figs. 4, 5 & 6, the
pasting material causing the flaps to stick. The shell having thus been finished it is
pushed away from the mandrel in the manner explained below and drops through the
opening E. to the sliding board F. whence it drops into a receiver, Figs. 8, 9, & 15.
The stampers c, c¹, & c² Fig. 7. are fed with pasting material from the glue
reservoir H, (sometimes with an extra reservoir H¹ Fig. 12) Figs. 10 & 12. placed
above or upon a steam box G. with extensions G¹ & G2, Fig. 13. serving to keep the
glue fluid and also to keep the stampers and the roller moderately warm, so that they
may the better answer their purpose.
The stampers c, are fastened to the bearer Q, connected by the shaft P. with
eccentric or cam N. Figs. 11 & 12. The shaft P. passes through a sliding carriage T.
moveable upwards and downwards sliding between two upright supporters, and
actuated by means of the lever mechanism U. deriving its motion from an eccentric
or otherwise. When the slide T. is moved upwards the eccentric N. pushes against
knobs O & O¹, whereby the shaft P. is turned in such a manner that the stampers turn
faco upwards, in which position they are provided with the requisite pasting matter,
which done, the slide T. moves downwards again, the knobs O & O¹, again acting on
the eccentric in such a way that the stampers turn face downwards.
The stampers having been brought into the aforesaid position face upwards they
aro either brought into contact with an endless sheet, moving over two rollers, and
being constantly kept damped with glue by means of a third roller moving partly in
the glue reservoir, the whole mechanism being actuated by a pulley d³, altogether as
shewn in Fig. 10 or a roller charged with glue is run over their faces as hereinafter
explained.
The stampers e baving been brought into the position face upwards (shewn in
Fig. 12 by dotted lines) then roller d', (which has become charged with glue by
running face to face with roller d which partly runs in the melted glue) is moved
forward over the face of the stampers, thus feeding them with glue.
The roller is provided with a cog-wheel, and a rack № is placed in such a
manner that as the roller travels forward and backward the cog-wheel grips into the
rack thereby steadying the motion.
The roller d is actuated by pulley ds Fig. 10 and is at one end provided with a
cogwheel, which by gripping into the like cog-wheel of roller di keeps that in
rotation.
The roller d is fixed between the arms of a sliding frame f which is caused to
travel forward by means of a counter weight, while it is pulled back by means of
the rod which is actuated from the main shaft by means of an eccentric and
arranged in such a manner that it does not hinder the forward movement by the said
means of a counter weight.
As the stampers c move proportionately.quickly they are apt to vibrate, while it
is necessary that they should be steady when the roller d moves over their faces,
to bring about this condition a set screw a³ Fig. 12 is fixed in such a manner that
the slide T becomes steadied when up, with which end in view the parts of the
machinery which regulate the movements of the slide must be springy. The set
screw a² Fig. 12° serves likewise to steady the slide T when down.
It may occur for some reason or other that the Attendant fails momentarily to
keep the machine supplied with papers, and in order to obviate the inconvenience
arising from the stampers in that case greasing the platform itself, the following
further mechanisms have been contrived.
To supporter T Fig. 12 is attached a lever mechanism 6 connected with rod
with the treadle A³. The axis a to which the lever mechanism is attached is
connected at the inner side of supporter T with the lifter A¹ Fig. 12 which by
working the treadle, may be brought into the positions shewn in Fig. 12° that is to

page_text: say, when the attendant weighs down the treadle, then the lifter is brought into the
position shewn by dotted lines in which position it does not interfere with the
downward movement of the slide T. but as soon as the weight is removed from
the treadle, the counter-weight A3, causes the treadle and lever to be moved upwards
thereby bringing the lifter A' into the horizontal position shown in Fig. 12" so that
the slide T. cannot reach the platform, in consequence whereof the stampers c, are
prevented from touching and greasing the platform.
The contrivance just explained does not otherwise interfere with the up and down
movement of the slide and the stampers, nor with the movements of the glueing
rollers, but as it would be inconvenient that the stampers were continually glued
without an opportunity of wearing any glue off the following further mechanisms
have also been contrived.
The rod Fig. 12. is connected with lover which moves in point 6³, and conse-
quently when the treadle is worked downwards the rod 3, is moved upwards, thus
raising, through the lever mechanism, the hook b. When the pressure on the
treadle A2 is released then the rod ³ goes down, causing, the hook to fall and grasp
the sliding frame, thereby preventing it and the roller d' moving forward. A little
play is allowed for the hook so that the frame may move forward just sufficiently to
separate the faces of the two rollers d. & d'. In Fig. 13 is shewn the play that may
be given, represented by the space a.
The consistency of the glue at the time the flaps are pasted together must neither
be too thin nor too thick. In the former case its pasting quality would be too poor,
and in the latter other disadvantages would arise. It is however equally necessary
that the glue be moderately thin at the time when it is transferred by means of the
stampers to the papers, and in order therefore to give the glue time to somewhat
stiffen before the actual pasting takes place a proportionally long journey is afforded
the papers from their leaving the stampers until reaching the mandrel C.
For this purpose a transport mechanism is provided, consisting of the moveable
transporters with catches Fig. 9. This transport mechanism acts in conjunction
with the stoppers L, striking pegs ² knockers K and lifting arms K³.
The knockers Kare fixed loose on the shaft g' Fig. 9 and are moved up and down
by means of the lifting arms K' which are fixed fast on the said shaft and are
actuated from the main shaft by means of an eccentric and a lever gear. The arms K¹
may be regulated in their action on the knocker K by means of the screw g³ Fig. 23.
The transporter i is kept in regular forward and backward motion by means of
the lever gear Fig. 7 actuated from one of the machine's main shafts. The entire
transport mechanism acts as follows:-
is
The paper to be made into a bag is placed against the first pair of catches a Fig. 9
and as the transporters i move forward, the stopper L with its striking pegs
lowered thereby preventing the paper being pushed too far onward. The knocker K.
now comes down resting on the paper with its own weight thus keeping it steady and
allowing the transporter i to move backwards again without pulling the paper with it.
The catches are all shaped like the first catch a Fig. 7 that is to say pointed or
edged backwards so that when the transporter i to which they are fixed is moved
backwards they pass underneath the ends of the piece of paper which they are
required in the subsequent forward movement to push forward.
The first catch a conveys the paper to the position where the stampers come down
glueing it, and the paper is now conveyed forward in stages, the transporter i with
catches i conveying it the distance travelled by them where it is stopped by stoppers L
and held firmly by knockers K while the transporter moves backward, the catches
passing underneath the paper. It is requisite that the catches travel a little further
backward than is actually necessary as it may happen that the paper it is going to
push forward is not quite accurately placed.
When the paper reaches the last stage, nearest the mandrel
into the slit v of the mandrel by means of feeding mechanism V
The feeding lever mechanism V consists of the guide-piece
then it is conveyed
Fig. 14.
lever adjusting

page_text: screw and spring ³. The pin fixed on transporter i causes in its forward
movement the lowering of the guide piece and lever, as shewn in Figs. 9 & 14. The
mandrel is moveable in bearing M Figs. 9 & 15 and consists of parts & & k².
Rotating movements of the mandrel Care caused by the cog-wheel segment v³ and
cog-wheel which latter is connected with part of the mandrel in the manner
shewn in Figs. 15 & 17. The proportions of the parts k & k¹, as well as their
respective positions when the mandrel rotates are shewn in Figs. 17 to 22. The
ring a Figs. 15 & 16 serves as rotation bed and guide for the parts & and also as
adjuster for the paper which has been introduced.
When the paper has been assisted by the feeding mechanism V into the slit v and
been adjusted by the striking peg and the ring a Fig. 15 then the cog-wheel v²
moves in the direction of the arrow Fig. 16 and brings (as the brake spring X
Fig. 15 holds the part back) the parts & ¹ into the positions shewn in Fig. 19.
The brake spring is provided with a set screw 9 Fig. 16. The madrel (grasps the
paper just with the force that the brake exercises on the part k¹ and rolls it up,
producing the shell shewn in Fig. 2.
It is requisite that the shell be caught firmly round the mandrel C for which
purpose a straightening mechanism B Fig. 14 is provided, consisting of the lever o
and a head piece which is covered with leather n and moveable at the two points
n&n Fig. 14. This lever is actuated from the main shaft by an eccentric B¹ Fig. 7
and rack and pinion jack o¹, so that it is moved alternately towards and away from the
mandrel. As soon as the mandrel has caught hold of the paper, the head of lever o
places itself against the mandrel, so that the paper in being rolled up passes between
the mandrel and the leather n Fig. 20, and as soon as the glued end of the paper gets
into position under the straightner the mandrel with the paper rolled round it, comes
to a bandstill through the straightner B receiving and communicating by means of an
elevation on the eccentric momentary increased effect of force which also serves to
more completely secure the fastening.
When in this manner the paper has been well stretched and fastened lengthways,
then the contrivance D for fastening and closing the bottom comes into action
Figs. 14 & 15. It consists of four fasteners with the slides & ³, the angle
levers s¹² &, and the guide shoes t t¹ t2 & 3, each provided with a slide roller.
The guide shoes t t 12 & 13 are fastened in an adjustable manner to the sliding
plate U which is moveable by means of an eccentric with lever mechanism from
the main shaft. The closing movement of the slides is brought about by a move-
ment of the plate u (Figs. 9 & 15). Guided by the pin u' & boss u², whereby the
angle levers s, s', s, & s³, get into the positions shewn by dotted lines and causes
the closing of the slides. The lengths of the guide shoes are unequal and therefore the
slides do not close altogether. The arrangement is made in such a manner that firstly
slide ?", then, then, and lastly 3, close. In Fig. 15 is shewn the proportionate
lengths of the sliding rollers, I belonging to guide shoe t, II to t², III to t², and IV
to 13.
.
In Fig. 4 is shewn how flap 1 and then flap 2 are joined, and in Fig. 5, how flap 3
and then flap 4, are joined, and in Fig. 6. is shewn how the bottom of the case is
constructed i.e. the manner in which the flaps are laid one above the other.
The flaps are more securely fastened by the pin Z. the head of which is upholstered
or covered with some soft material, and moves forward pressing the flaps against the
mandrel C. the slides having previously moved back to their original position. The
forward movement of the pin or stamper Z. Fig. 15. is caused by an eccentric and
lever Z, from the main shaft Fig. 8.
The detaching of the finished shells from the conically shaped mandrel C. now takes
place and is brought about by means of the pusher y. shewn in Figs. 8 & 15. which
is placed inside the mandrel and is provided with the head piece y', pushing the shell
as well as the pin Z. away from the mandrel.
The mandrel C. receives, just previous to the detaching of the paper shell a short
backward push, whereby the slit v. opens (see the movements of the mandrel or the

page_text: parts, and ¹, respectively described above) and the mandrel comes into the position
shewn in Fig. 21. At the same time the straightening mechanism b. moves back and
the shell is set free so that it may readily be pushed off the mandrel and brought into
the position shewn by the dotted lines Fig. 15.
The pressure of the pin Z. on the head y', and the bottom of the shell respectively
is caused by means of click and ratchet wheel Y. Figs. 8 & ", in connection with the
rlever mechanism Z', the eccentric not actuating the backward movement of the pin Z.
When the shell has been brought into the position shewn by the dotted line in
Fig. 15. then the rod y goes back, to its original position in the mandrel C. the shell
being prevented from following by means of the siopper X, which has in the mean-
time been lowered somewhat obtaining its movement from the main shaft by means of
an eccentric. The shell or case is now free and drops as above explained, on to the
sliding-board F. and thence into the collecting basket or receiver, Fig. 8. In order
to make sure that the shell does not fail to drop away, especially from the pin Z. the
striker W. Figs. 9 & 15 is provided and obtains its movement from the main shaft by
means of an eccentric.
The whole machine is actuated from the main pulley A' which sets in motion the
shafts, on which the various eccentrics necessary for the movement of the machine aro
fixed.
The mandrel C. may be otherwise shaped than round, such as square, triangular,
hexagonal and so on, in consequence whereof the shells would be made either square,
triangular, hexagonal and so on, some of which various shapes are shewn in Figs. 24
to 30.
Although glue has been the only pasting material mentioned above, and although
glue is in fact most frequently used, it being the most economical, there is nothing to
prevent any other of the common pasting materials being used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is
In a machine for the manufacture of paper bags with flat bottoms :
1. A steam box and glue reservoir, in which moves a feeding roller d³.
2. A mechanism for glueing the papers consisting of stampers c, cl, & c³, which by
means of the eccentric N. and knobs O & O¹ can be turned alternately face upwards
and downwards.
3. The set screws a' & a³ Fig. 13. for steadying the stampers.
4. Preventing the stampers from reaching the platform by means of a lifter a¹
Fig. 13. actuated by lever inechanisms.
5. Throwing the feeding roller d out of action by means of the hook grasping
the sliding frame f2 in which the said roller is fixed.
6. The composite transporting mechanism, consisting of the transporter, the
striking pegs, the stoppers L with pegs the loose fixed knockers K moveable up
and down by means of the arms K¹.
7. The mandrel C. consisting of the two parts & ¹, which are constructed as
shewn in section Figs. 17 to 21. in such a manner that they open or close the slit v
according to their position and movement.
8. The mechanism for opening and closing the slit v. consisting of cog-wheel v³,
controlling the movement of part k, and the brake contrivance X, controlling the
movement of part 1, Fig. 16.
9. The feeding lever mechanism V, pressed down by the pin in its forward
movement, and consisting of the main lever h¹, guide-bridge h, adjusting screw h³,
and spring ³.
10. The ring, and striking peg a³, in the mandrel.
11. The straightening mechanism B. with the moveable arm o¹, which presses
against the paper during the time it is being rolled round the mandrel, and when
the glued place on the paper is reached an increased pressure takes place, causing
the mandrel to stop its revolving motion.

page_text: 12. The combined bottom closing mechanism D. consisting of the moveable plate u,
with guide shoes t, t; t², & t³, and the slides r, 1, ², & d
13. The pusher y, with head y', serving in conjunction with piston Z. alternately
for the purpose of fastening the bottom of paper shell bag in course of manufacture,
and pushing such finished bag away from the mandrel.
14. The piston Z. combined with click-wheel Y. and lever Z¹.
15. The arrangement of the stopper ✗³, and the striker W. All substantially in
the manner as and for the purposes described.