CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS FOR DRAUGHT AND CARRIAGE HORSES, AND SADDLES FOR DRAUGHT, CARRIAGE, AND SADDLE HORSES
Year: 1827

page_text: TO ALL
WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LIONEL
LUKIN, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said Lionel Lukin, in consequence of communications
made to me by Foreigners abroad, and discoveries made by myself, am in
possession of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS FOR
DRAUGHT AND CARRIAGE HORSES, AND SADDLES FOR DRAUGHT, CARRIAGE, AND
SADDLE HORSES," and whereas His present most Excellent Majesty King
George the Fourth, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great
Britain, bearing date at Westminster, the First day of August, in the eighth
year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Lionel Lukin, His especial licence that I, the said Lionel
Lukin, my executors, adñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Lionel
Lukin, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein

page_text: expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all
His said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, the said Invention of
"Certain Improvements in the Manufacture of Collars for Draught and
Carriage Horses, and Saddles for Draught, Carriage, and Saddle Horses;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Lionel Lukin, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, par-
ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
enrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso; I, the said
Lionel Lukin, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention to consist,—
First, in an improved collar for draught and carriage horses so constructed
that the parts bearing against the shoulders of the horse move independently
of each other and of the hames by the action of the animal.
Secondly, in an improved pad or harness saddle so constructed that the
parts bearing upon the back move independently of each other and adjust
themselves to the shape of the animal. And,
Thirdly, in an improved riding saddle for military and other purposes so
constructed as to adjust itself to the back of the horse.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Lionel Lukin,
do hereby describe the manner in which the said Invention is to be performed
by the following description of the manner of constructing the three several
improvements herein-before mentioned, reference being had to the Drawing
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon; that is to say :—
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a perspective view of the outside of one of my improved
collars. A is what I call the bow, but is in fact that part which answers to
the hames of the old collar. B, B, are two pads worked on to and moving
backwards and forwards partly round the bow or hames. C, C, are the two
tug eyes, and these prevent the pads from moving round beyond a certain
point either way, their motion being in fact regulated by the length of the slot
through which the tug eyes protrude. D, D, are the tugs. E is a neck strap
fastened at each end to the rings on the bow or hames marked F, F. The

page_text: use of this neck strap is to prevent the top of the bow from dropping down on
the neck of the horse when going down hill or pulling up. G is a breast strap,
and answers to the ordinary hame chain, though it should be observed, that
the object of this breast strap is not so much to keep the bow or hames from
opening as to keep the collar from riding up, which, without it, it would be apt
to do. H, H, are the ordinary dees for the reins to pass through.
Figure 2 is a separate view of the bow or hames, to which the same letters
of reference are used as in the said last Figure, and it is only necessary
to observe with reference to this Figure, that the bow should be made
strongest, and indeed of considerable strength, at the two angles marked i, i.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 represent the wooden pieces on which the pad is made.
Fig. 5 is the inside half, and Figs. 3 and 4 the front and back of the outside
half. r is the long hole or slot through which the tug eyes protrude.
Figure 6 is a separate view of the neck strap E.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of the inside of one of my improved collars,
différing a little from Fig. 1, inasmuch as the neck strap is fixed, to two
studs S, S, instead of two rings as shewn in Fig. 1 at F, F, and the breast
strap is fastened to the end of the bow or hames by a chain instead of
.buckles.
Figure 8 and 9 are merely separate views of the rings F, F, and the
studs S, S, on a larger scale, the better to explain the difference between these
two modes of fastening the neck strap.
Figure 10 is merely another modification of my improved collar, where one
wood only is used inside in making up the pad, and the outside is leather only.
Figure 11 represents the wood used for such a collar, and another.mode of
fastening the ring for the neck strap instead of having it made on the bow
or hames.
Figure 12 is part of another modification of my improved collar, and
represents a bow or hames with the bow'd part downward.
Figure 13 is the pad used with this bow or hame, and consists of three
parts connected together by means of the rib or wale marked J, J, J. The
lowest of the three parts marked K is held to the upper parts of the pad at
the corner L, L, by means of small slots and buttons, as here shewn, or any
similar contrivance.
Figure 14 represents this modification of my improved collar complete and
ready for use with neck strap, hame strap, &c.
Figure 15 represents a perpective view of my improved pad or harness
saddle, the novelty here being in dividing the pad into two parts M and N,
and connecting them by means of the bar or bridge P, with a joint at each

page_text: end Q, Q, which allows the pad to assume any angle suited to the shape of the
horse's back, on which it is applied.
Figures 16 and 17 are merely separate views of the different parts of the
pad, and it will be seen that the hook for the bearing rein and the turrets are
on the bridge.
Figure 18 is merely a view of one of my improved pads or harness saddles
on an enlarged scale.
Figure 19 is a perspective view of one of my improved riding saddles, and
as the principle is the same in all riding saddles I have thought it sufficient
to describe my improvement with reference to a military saddle as affording
the most simple example. This Figure represents an ordinary dragoon saddle-
tree mounted on the two pieces of wood R, R, which I call back boards.
These boards have a hollow or groove cut in them to receive the sides
of the tree to which they are fastened by the straps t, t, t, t, in manner here
shown which constitutes a short of hinge, and thus the back boards can turn
and adjust themselves to the back of whatever horse they may be applied to.
Figure 20 is the old dragoon tree with the holes V, V, cut to receive the
hinge straps t, t.
Figure 21 is a separate view of the back board, shewing the groove in which
the edge of the saddle-tree rests and works.
Now whereas, I do not limit my claim, as regards the collars, to the parti-
cular modifications herein-before described, but whereas I do hereby claim as
the said Invention the three following improvements (that is to say:-
First, an improved collar for draught and carriage horses so constructed
that the parts bearing against the shoulders of the horse move independantly
of each other and of the hames by the action of the animal, as herein-before
described.
Secondly, an improved pad or harness saddle, such improvement consisting
in the joints marked Q, Q, and the bar P. And,
Thirdly, in an improved riding saddle for military and other purposes, such
improvements consisting in the moveable back boards marked R, R.
And such three several improvements being, to the best of my knowledge
and belief, entirely new, and never before used within that part of His said
Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, His
said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, nor in any of His
said Majesty's Colonies or Plantations abroad, I do hereby declare this to be
my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Speci-
fication doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise, with
the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained.

page_text: Wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to the
said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lionel Lukin, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this First day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named Lionel Lukin, in the
presence of
LIONEL (L.S.) LUKIN.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the First day of February, in
the year of our Lord 1828, the aforesaid Lionel Lukin came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.