Improvements in Hydrocarbon Burners, chiefly Designed for use in . Steam Generator Furnaces.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Hydrocarbon Burners, chiefly Designed for use in .
Steam Generator Furnaces.
I, CHARLES ROSIER, of 62, Rue Chevalier, Levallois-Perret, Departament of the
Seine, in the Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a burner for hydrocarbons adapted for burning petro-
leum, the heavy oils and all other hydrocarbons, and advantageously replacing
coal in steam generators and in the other various heating appliances used in
manufacture, in dwelling-houses, for domestic purposes, auto-cars and so forth.
My apparatus comprises essentially a gas-generating boiler, branches which
conduct the gases into the vertical chimneys, where they mingle with the air,
and incandescent refractory tubes, placed above these chimneys and against which
the gases generated strike in igniting and producing a spread flame for heating
purposes, either for steam generators or for other appropriate vessels. After once
being started the apparatus continues to work in an absolutely automatic manner.
According to one form or modification the apparatus comprises: a gas-generat-
ing boiler which is heated by the reverberation of the incandescent refractory
tubes, which form the fire-grate properly so-called of the burner and are arranged
upon each side of the said boiler.
This gas-generating boiler is divided into two longitudinal chambers by means
of a partition. The lower chamber constitutes the distillation chamber; it is
supplied with hydrocarbon through the tube c, which opens into the upper por-
tion of this chamber, whilst a drain pipe leads from the bottom for the discharge
of the substances not capable of distillation. The upper chamber constitutes the
gasification chamber; it communicates with the distillation chamber by means of
the aperture, formed in the middle of the partition, and, above it is provided with
the pipe for conducting away the gas. This pipe conducts to the grate properly
so-called the combustible gas generated which ignites on coming into contact with
the incandescent refractory walls, which directly heat the steam generator placed
above the grate and heat by simple reverberation the gas-generating boiler
arranged between the refractory walls.
The boiler is arranged in a concentric chamber, the walls of which are entirely
of refractory material. Beneath this boiler I arrange a slab which is also of refrac-
tory material, and provided with a longitudinal aperture for the direct heating
of the boiler by means of an alcohol or other flame when the apparatus is started.
The fresh gases generated in the chambers escape as before stated through the
pipe; they reach a distributing chest and are sent into the branches, horizontally
arranged at the base of the chimneys formed in the refractory slab. These gases
issue from the branches through the longitudinal slits rise in the chimneys carry-
TD

page_text: ing with them the air necessary for their combustion and impinge against cylin-
drical refractory tubes arranged above each chimney at a suitable distance. They
ignite instantaneously upon coming into contact with these tubes, which are
incandescent, and the resulting flames spread over the whole width of the appa-
ratus and directly heat the steam boiler arranged above these tubes.
The continuous combustion of the gases maintains the refractory tubes in a
state of incandescence, and these latter heat the gas-generating boiler by simple
reverberation.
The apparatus is started by igniting a certain quantity of alcohol suitable for
the purpose which is placed in a cup beneath the longitudinal aperture, that is to
say directly below the boiler. For this alcohol flame may be substituted a row of
gas jets.
Another form or modification of my burner differs from the construction above
described only in the arrangement of its constituent parts. The generating boiler
being, removed from the incandescent bars, is maintained in a heated condition
by means of a direct arrival of the gas generated by the apparatus. The appa-
ratus comprises the horizontal gas-generating boiler within which rests upon a
part of the same curvature forming a distillation chamber, a cylindrical boiler
into which the feed pipe leads. A pipe leaves the bottom of the distillation cham-
ber and carries off the substances not capable of distillation. The interior of the
cylindrical boiler communicates with the interior of the gas generating boiler by
means of the two pipes, and from this boiler lead two gas conducting pipes, one
of which conducts towards the bottom of the apparatus the gas intended to heat
the boiler, in order to ensure the automatic working of the apparatus after it
has once been started, and the other conducting the larger portion of the combus-
tible gas generated to the grate properly so called where this gas ignites upon
coming into contact with the incandescent refractory walls and directly heats
the steam generator placed above this grate.
The generating boiler is arranged within a concentric chamber, the walls of
which are entirely refractory. Beneath this boiler is a refractory slab having a
longitudinal aperture through which pass the gases issuing from the longitu-
dinal slit in the pipe. These gases, in rising in the aperture carry with them the
air necessary for their combustion and ignite within the chamber upon coming
into contact with the gas generating boiler. The heating of this boiler is regu-
lated by means of a cock which allows the passage of the gas into the pipe to be
progressively diminished. The products of combustion escape by way of the
large chimney situated above the heating chamber and mingle in the upper por-
tion with the fresh gases which burn in the grate.
These fresh gases, generated in the cylindrical boiler and the generating boiler
escape, as has been already stated, through the pipe, reaching a distributing chest
and being distributed into the branches which are provided with longitudinal
slits and are arranged in the chimneys formed in the refractory slab. Above.
each chimney and at a pre-determined distance therefrom, is placed a cylindrical
tube of refractory material against which spreads out and ignites a jet of gas and
air issuing from the chimney. The flame produced extends over the whole width
of the apparatus and heats directly the steam generator arranged upon the tubes.
This form of apparatus is started in the same manner as that already described.
In both cases a reservoir of petroleum or other hydrocarbon under air or steam
pressure suffices for feeding the apparatus.
I may also employ, according to the applications for which the apparatus is
intended, a variable number of refractory tubes serving to ignite the jets of gas
and to spread the flame.

page_text: Improvements in Hydrocarbon Burners, chiefly Designed for use in
Steam Generator Furnaces.
I, CHARLES ROSIER, of 62, Rue Chevalier, Levallois-Perret, Department of the
Seine, in the Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following, statement:
-
This invention relates to an improved hydrocarbon burner or heating apparatus
adapted for burning petroleum, heavy oils or any other hydrocarbons and being
especially suitable for the substitution of coal in steam generators and in various
kinds of industrial or domestic heating apparatus as for instance in the heating of
dwellings, motor vehicles or the like.
My apparatus essentially comprises a gas generating boiler, tubular conduits,
through which the gases are conveyed into the vertical flues where they are mixed
with air and refractory incandescent tubes, placed above these flues and against
which the generated gases impinge, become ignited and produce an extensive
flame for either heating steam generators or other apparatus. After the heating
has once been started the apparatus works in an absolutely automatic manner.
In the accompanying drawing I have represented two constructional forms of
our hydrocarbon burner or apparatus more especially arranged for heating small
boilers with instantaneous vapourization.
In the accompanying drawings.
Figure 5, is a side elevation of the whole apparatus,
Figure 6 a plan and,
Figure 7 a front elevation of another constructional form of the apparatus.
The apparatus represented in Figures 1 to 4, comprises a gas generating boiler A
which is heated by reverberation from the refractory incandescent tubes, which
constitute the furnace proper of the burner and are located at each side of the
said boiler A.
This gas generating boiler A is divided in two longitudinal chambers a and a¹
by a partition wall b. The lower chamber a constitutes the distilling chamber;
the same is supplied with a hydrocarbon by the tube c, which terminates in this
chamber toward its upper part, whilst a drain pipe d, starting from the bottom,
serves for discharging the non-distilled products. The upper chamber a¹ forms
the gasifying chamber; the same communicates with the distilling chamber a by
an opening el, provided in the centre of the partition b, while at the top it is pro-
vided with the gas discharge pipe e. This pipe e passes the combustible gas,
generated, to the furnace proper, where it is ignited in contact with refractory
incandescent walls, which directly heat the steam boiler, placed above the furnace
and, by simple reverberatory action, heat the gas generating boiler A placed be-
tween refractory walls.
The boiler A is located in a concentric chamber f, the walls of which are made
entirely of refractory material. Below this boiler is placed a base likewise of
refractory material provided with a longitudinal and vertical opening g, for the
direct heating of the boiler by a spirit or any other flame, when the apparatus is
being started. The gases freshly generated in the chamber a and the chamber a',
escape, as has already been stated, through the pipe; they arrive in a distributing

page_text: >
These
box or chamber and are conveyed into the conduits i and j arranged horizon-
tally to the base of the flues and k provided in the refractory base 7.
gases are discharged from the conduits by longitudinal slots ₁₁, rise in the air
flues and while carrying along with them the air required for their combus-
tion and impinge against refractory cylindrical tubes m and n arranged above
each flue at a suitable distance. They are instantly ignited in contact with these
tubes, which are raised to incandescence, and the flames, obtained, spread all over
the width of the apparatus and directly heat the steam boiler, placed above these
tubes.
By the continuous combustion of the gases. the incandescence of the refractory
tubes m and n is kept up and the latter, by a simple reverberatory action, heat the
gas generating boiler A.
:
The apparatus is started by igniting a certain quantity of spirit placed in a
cupel underneath the longitudinal opening g, that is to say, perpendicularly to
the boiler A.
The spirit flame may be substituted by a row of gas jets. The modification of
my burner, or heating apparatus represented in Figures 5 to 7 only differs from
the preceding construction by the arrangement of its constituent parts. The
generating boiler being farther distant from the incandescent tubes, is kept hot
by a direct supply of gas heated by the apparatus.
The apparatus comprises the horizontal gas generating boiler A¹, in the interior
of which rests, on a part 1 of the same curvature, forming a distilling chamber, a
cylindrical boiler tube p, in which terminates the feed tube q. A tuber starts
from the bottom of the distilling chamber and carries away the non-distillable
products. The interior of the boiler tube p communicates with the interior of
the boiler A¹ by the two tubes ss, and from this boiler A¹ two gas discharge pipes
are branched off, one of which t conveys toward the bottom of the apparatus that
portion of gas which serves for heating the boiler in order to ensure an automatic
working of the apparatus, after the same has once been started, whilst the other t¹
conveys the greater portion of the combustible gas, generated, to the furnace
proper, where this gas is ignited in contact with the refractory incandescent walls
and directly heats the steam boiler, placed above this furnace
The gas-generating boiler A¹ is arranged in a concentric chamber u, the walls
of which are entirely of refractory material. Below this boiler a base of refrac-
tory material is arranged, which presents a longitudinal and vertical opening ¹,
through which pass the gases which escape from the longitudinal slot of the
pipe t.
As these gases ascend in the opening 1, they carry along with them the
air, which is necessary for their combination and become ignited in the chamber u
in contact with the boiler A¹ The heating of this boiler is regulated by a feed
cock o by which the supply of gas to the pipe t can be gradually diminished. The
products of the combustion escape through the flue ¹, placed above the heating
chamber and mix at the upper part with the fresh gases, which are burnt in the
furnace F
These fresh gases, generated in the boiler tube and boiler A' escape, as
already stated, through the pipe t, arrive in a distributing box or chest Q and
are passed into the conduits and y, which are provided with longitudinal and
vertical slots x and y and are placed in flues z¹ provided in the refractory base z.
Above each flue 2, a cylindrical tube T of refractory material is arranged at a
suitable distance, against which a jet of gas and air, coming out of the flue ¹,
impinges, spreads out and is ignited thereon. The flame thus produced, extends
over the whole width of the apparatus and directly heats the steam boiler placed
upon the tubes T.
The apparatus is started in the same manner as in the first apparatus In both
cases a petroleum or hydrocarbon reservoir, placed under air or steam pressure,
suffices for feeding the apparatus. I may also employ-according to applications
-for which the apparatus is intended a variable number of refractory tubes, serv-
ing to ignite the jet of gas and to spread the flame.
1

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A heating apparatus for burning hydrocarbons petroleum, heavy oils and
the like capable of substituting coals as used in the heating steam boilers and in
all kinds of industrial and domestic apparatus: the said heating apparatus com-
prising a gas generating boiler which, after the starting has been effected, is
heated by the generated gases themselves; a distributing box or chamber, wherein
the vapours generated in the boiler, gather; conduits passing from the said box
or chamber, which convey the gases to the lower part of vertical flues wherein
they mix with atmospheric air, and refractory incandescent tubes placed above
each of the said flues, against which the current of air and vapour, impinges, is
ignited and keeps up the incandescence of the refractory tubes, whose radiation
of heat can be utilized for any kind of heating, substantially as described
2. In a heating apparatus for burning hydrocarbons, petroleum, heavy oils and
the like, a boiler for generating combustible vapours, comprising two longitudinal
superposed compartments, the lower compartment serving as distilling chamber
being after the starting of the apparatus-heated by the generated gases them-
selves and the upper compartment, serving as gasifying chamber, communicating
with the former by an orifice provided in the partition wall, substantially as
described and represented with regard to the first constructional form of the
burner or heating apparatus.
3. A heating apparatus for burning the hydrocarbons, comprising in combina-
tion a boiler for generating combustible vapours, arranged in a concentric cham-
ber having walls of refractory material; a distributing box or chamber; any
suitable number of conduits serving to convey the gases to the lower part of
draught flues arranged in refractory bases of the solid or mass surrounding the
boiler refractory reverberation tubes, arranged above the said flues in height of
the boiler, some of which incandescent tubes serve for heating the boiler itself
by radiation after the apparatus has been started; substantially as described and
represented with regard to the first constructional form of burner or heating
apparatus.
4. In heating apparatus for burning or heating with hydrocarbons, petroleum,
heavy oils or the like, a boiler for generating combustible vapours, comprising in
its interior a cylindrical boiler tube resting in said boiler by the intermediary of
a curved piece, forming the distilling chamber in which terminates the feed tube
this boiler being-after the apparatus is once started-heated by the generated
gases themselves, substantially as described and represented with regard to the
second constructional form of the burner or heating apparatus.
a
5. A hydrocarbon burner or heating apparatus comprising in combination:
boiler for generating combustible vapours, arranged in a concentric chamber with
walls of refractory material; a distributing box or chamber, placed above the
boiler; conduits, which convey the gases to the base of draught or air flues pro-
vided in a refractory flag stone or masonry above the solid mass or block surround-
ing the said boiler; refractory reverberation tubes, arranged above the said
draught flues and being comparatively far away from the boiler; the latter being
heated after the apparatus is once started-by means of a bent tube, provided with
a regulating feed cock, which derives from underneath this boiler a portion of the
combustible vapours, generated by said boiler, substantially as herein described
and represented with regard to the second constructional form of the burner or
heating device.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.