AN APPARATUS OR MACHINE TO BE WORN BY PERSONS ENTERING ROOMS OR OTHER PLACES FILLED WITH SMOKE OR OTHER VAPOUR, FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTINGUISHING FIRE OR EXTRICATING PERSONS OR PROPERTY THEREIN
Year: 1823

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
ANTHONY DEANE, of Charles Street, Deptford, in the County of Kent, Ship
Caulker, send grecting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twentieth day of November, in the fourth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Anthony Deane, His especial licence that I, the said Charles
Anthony Deane, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of
then, by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies,
servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Charles Anthony Deane,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also
in all His said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, in such manner
as to me, the said Charles Anthony Deane, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, or any of them, should in my or their discretion seem meet, my
Invention of "AN APPARATUS OR MACHINE TO BE WORN BY PERSONS ENTERING
ROOMS OR OTHER PLACES FILLED WITH SMOKE OR OTHER VAPOUR, FOR THE PURPOSE
OF EXTINGUISHING FIRE OR EXTRICATING PERSONS OR PROPERTY THEREIN ;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if I, the said
Charles Anthony Deane, should not particularly describe and ascertain the

page_text: nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and to cause
the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, then the said recited Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages
whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void,
as in and by the same Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Anthony Deane, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particu-
larly described and ascertained in manner following (that is to say):
The Invention consists of a machine or apparatus composed of a helmet
or headpiece constructed of thin sheet copper tinned on the inside, or of any
other suitable metal or material, which said helmet is attached by rivetting or
otherwise to a kind of jacket or veste made of leather, canvass, or other sufficiently
pliable material. This veste is adapted to be worn by a person, being strapped
or buttoned on to the upper part of the body in such a manner that the helmet
may enclose or surround the head, and thus enable the person so equipped to
enter a room or other place filled with smoke or other vapour, for the purpose
of extinguishing fire or extricating persons or property therefrom as aforesaid.
The front part of the said helmet (at about the level of the operator's eyes) is
provided with glazed windows or eliptical apertures, which are fitted with
strong glasses, being protected from accident by bars of metal which cross the
said glasses on the outside thereof. The said helmet is also constructed with
two apertures at the back or hind part thereof, to which apertures flexible
pipes or tubes (made of leather or other suitable material) are attached by
screw or union joints, or other suitable joints or modes of junction: one of the
said flexible pipes is intended to proceed to a considerable distance, having
as many union joints in it as may be required to unite the various lengths of
pipe. This long pipe is for the purpose of supplying a continual current of
fresh air, to enable the operator within the helmet to breath without difficulty,
for which purpose the extremity of the said pipe proceeds from and is united
to the exit or nose pipe of a pair of double bellows, which may be placed at
any convenient distance from the part where the smoke or vapour is collected,
so that the person who works the bellows may be clear of the smoke, and,
consequently, the bellows will draw in a current of fresh or uncontaminated
air, and will force the same through the long flexible pipe, for the supply of
the operator who wears the helmet. The other flexible pipe which proceeds

page_text: from the helmet is about four or five feet in length, and is for the purpose of
allowing the air to escape from the interior of the helmet as fast as the same
is replenished with fresh air from the bellows.
In order to explain clearly the nature of my said Invention, and to enable
persons conversant with works of a similar nature to put it in practice,
I have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings or Plans, wherein Fig. 1.
represents the whole machine or apparatus as it would appear when in use.
The helmet or headpiece A being worn by the person or operator, who is sup-
posed to enter the place filled with smoke or other vapour; he is furnished
with a lanthorn strapped on in front of his veste, as seen at B; he is also pro-
vided with a few small tools, which are contained in a kind of pouch or bag
suspended in front, as seen at C. The operator is represented in the Figure 1
as carrying in his right hand a small hatchet or cutting hammer, constructed
with an iron handle for the purpose of forcing open any doors or chests which
may conceal or enclose the property desired to be rescued. At the same time.
he is provided with some small wooden wedges, in order to fasten or keep
open such doors as the flexible air-pipe may require to pass through. D, D,
represents the flexible pipe for supplying a current of fresh air as aforesaid;
its further extremity is screwed on at d to the nose pipe, which proceeds from
the bellows contained within the box or chest E, only a small part of which
bellows can be seen in the Fig. 1, but the handle by which they are intended
to be worked may be seen at H in the same Figure. The bellows are of
such dimensions as to occupy about one half of the chest E, the other half
being adapted to contain the helmet, with all its appendages of flexible
pipes, &c.; by which means, when the lid of the chest is closed, the whole
apparatus may be carried about with great ease from place to place by means
of handles which project from the sides of the chest. Thus the whole appa-
ratus may be found ready to operate at any time, without the danger of its
parts being mislaid. The dimensions of the chest E to contain the whole'
need not be more than about two feet long, one foot six inches wide, and two-
feet deep, and the lid is fixed on to the chest with hinges that will admit of
its being turned down flat against the side of the chest, so as to be out of
the way of the bellows when the apparatus is in use. F, G, shew the exit
pipe, which is adapted to convey the contaminated air from the interior of
the helmet; its lower orifice is strapped near to the ankle of the operator, as
seen at G, by which means there is very little danger of smoke or vapour
entering through the said pipe, in consequence of its orifice being so near the
floor where the air is generally the coolest. The dotted lines H* shew the
manner in which a brake or lever may be applied (if desired) to work the
bellows, the whole being constructed so as to be easily detached for the pur-

page_text: pose of stowing away within the chest E. The flexible pipes D, D, and F, G,
have a small cord or strand inserted through their whole length, for the
purpose of preventing the passage of the said pipes from being stopped by
accidental pressure, such as a person treading upon it, or by its accidentally
becoming shut in by the closing of a door.
Fig. 2 upon the annexed Drawing, shows a section of the chest E and
bellows, the middle board K is fixed firmly across the inside of the chest by
screws or otherwise, and has a valve & in its opening upwards into the upper
compartment or regulator of the bellows. L shews the lower or working
board of the bellows, having a valve in its opening upwards; this lower
board is connected by side rods h, with cross handle H, the side rods h being
guided and steadied by a bar i fixed across the inside of the chest. M shews
the upper or regulating board of the bellows, it is either furnished with springs
or is loaded with weights, in the manner of ordinary double bellows, for the
purpose of expelling the air in a constant stream through the nose pipe d, at
which part the end of the flexible pipe D, D, is screwed on by a union or
other proper joint, as herein-before mentioned.
Fig. 3 upon the annexed Drawing shews a section of the helmet or head-
piece A, and also part of the jacket or veste; and Figure 4 shews a front
view of the same, as it would appear externally. a, b, c, represent the win-
dows or glazed openings for the operator to see through; they are fixed into
the helmet by small screw bolts, and the glasses are protected on the outside
by bars of metal, as shewn in the Figures. The upper part of the helmet is
joined to the breastpiece e, e, by a flange or screw joint n, n, for the conve-
nience of separating them to repair the parts within the helmet, and the
lower edge of the breastpicce is rivetted or otherwise fixed to the jacket or
veste, which is furnished with sleeves adapted to button or buckle at the
wrists, so as to exclude the smoke or foul air. The lower part of the jacket.
or veste is also secured by a strap passing round the body for the like pur-
posc. m, m, shew a roll of elastic padding or stuffing, which is adapted to
the form of the upper part of the shoulders, and also to the breast and back,
so as to bear equally thereupon and support the weight of the helmet; and
also to make a secure joint all round, and thereby prevent the. entrance of
smoke or foul air.. B shews the lanthorn, which is buckled on to the front
of the veste, as herein-before mentioned, its glass is protected by small bars
of metal crossing it as seen in the Figure 4. P represents a small turning
plate, having openings cut through it in the manner of the regulators used in.
cominion air-stoves. This plate is situated in the helmet opposite the mouth
of the operator, and the inside terminates with a kind of mouthpiece, as seen
at pin Fig. 3. By this contrivance (when the turning plate P is set by its.

page_text: small knob or button 7, so that the holes through it correspond with the holes
in the plate beneath) the operator is enabled to speak and breathe without
the necessity of being supplied with air from the bellows; but as soon as he
enters the part where the smoke or vapour becomes troublesome, he turns
the plate P round by its button y, so as effectually to exclude the surrounding
atmosphere, and he then depends upon the bellows for a supply of air.
D, Figure 3, represents the flexible pipe proceeding from the bellows; its
opening does not enter directly into the helmict, but communicates with a
flat or oblong pipe of metal, leather, or other suitable material r, s, which is
curved to the shape of the helmet, so as to remain clear of the operator's
head. This pipe divides itself into three branches, which terminate in narrow
openings or mouths situated immediately above the glasses or windows a, b, c,
as seen at t, v, Figure 3. By this arrangement the fresh and cool air which is
thrown in by the bellows, rushes with considerable force across the said
glasses, and thereby prevents their becoming obscured by the condensation
of moisture upon them, which would otherwise occur from the breath of the
operator. F shews the other flexible pipe, which serves to convey off the
contaminated air; its orifice enters directly at the back part of the helmet, as
seen at f, in Fig. 3.
I have now fully described the nature of the machine, and the manner of
using the same, by reference to the annexed Drawing; and I do hereby
declare, that I consider my claim of Invention to consist in a machine, or a
helmet or apparatus as aforesaid, which is adapted to be worn by persons
entering rooms or other places filled with smoke or other vapour, for the
purpose of extinguishing fire, or extricating persons or property therein.
the said helmet or apparatus being continually supplied through a flexible
pipe or tube with fresh air, such supply of air being impelled by the aid of
a pair of bellows, or other convenient means. At the same time I must
observe, that the form and the particular mode of constructing or putting
together the said apparatus or helmet, as also the construction of the bellows
or apparatus for supplying air may be varied according to the discretion of
the workman employed in making the same. The materials of which the
whole may be made may also be varied according to the nature of the case
without departing from the object of the Invention as herein-before described
and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Anthony Deane, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-four.
CHARLES ANTHONY (L.S.) DEANE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same First day of April, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Charles Anthony Deane came, before
our Lord the King in His Chancery; and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also. the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same First day of April, in the year above written.