THE MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPROVED VEGETABLE COLOURING SUBSTANCE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michel Edmond Savigny, Chemist, and Alfred Charles
Collineau, Doctor in Medecine, both of Boulevard Saint Denis, 1, at Paris,
for an Invention of "THE MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPROVED VEGETABLE
COLOURING SUBSTANCE."
Alfred Charles Collineau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
13th May 1880.
MICHEL EDMOND SAVIGNY, Chemist, and ALFRED CHARLES COLLINEAU, Doctor
in Medecine, both of Boulevard Saint Denis, 1, at Paris, "THE MANUFACTURE OF
AN IMPROVED VEGETABLE COLOURING SUBSTANCE."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of an improved vegetable colouring
substance.
In treating with alum and with the heated wood,―
1. Of the common heather.
2. Of different varieties of poplar, there is obtained a liquid of a fine clear yellow
which thickens on cooling and leaves deposited a greenish yellow resin. The liquid
separated from the resin by means of filtering is not long in oxydising by contact
with the air and light, and should be at the end of some days of a fine golden
yellow.
In this state it is especially fit for the various operations of dyeing, and furnishes
also as a precipitate a very rich golden yellow rivalling the analogous substances
prepared in France by means of the dyer's weed or seed from Avignon, or again
those of England.
We treat with a dissolution of alum, either the common heather (the wood) or
the poplar (the new branches and twigs split, cut, crushed, or pulverised) in the
following proportions:-Alum, 100 grammes; wood, (heath or poplar) 1000
grammes; water, 3000 grammes. We maintain the mass at the boiling temperature
for about 20 to 30 minutes. At the end of this time, which generally suffices for
obtaining a sufficient colouring, we throw the liquid, still heated, on to a cloth
sufficiently close knit to prevent the passage of any impurity.
The liquid thus gathered thickens by cooling and leaves deposited a plentiful
quantity of greenish yellow resin. When the liquid is sufficiently deprived of this
resin we filter it again, and then leave it several consecutive days (three, four,
sometimes five, according to time and season) to the double influence of the light
and air, whereby it acquires a fine golden yellow colour, and this is what, after it

page_text: has undergone the last action, is found particularly fit for furnishing either the
extract suitable for dyeing yellow textile fabrics of all kinds, or the precipitates or
yellow lackers. For obtaining the extract we operate as usually done by bringing
the liquid either to the syrupy or solid state, according to the requirements of the
work. It is to be observed that our extract possesses all the properties of the
yellow extracts furnished by commerce, and its brightness surpasses that of most
of the extracts hitherto known. These reactions are fully equal in power and
richness to the reactions of other analogous substances obtained by means of
the quercitron and other plants connected by tinctorial chemistry with the
quercitron series. The yellow extract is easily recognisable, not only by its
exceptionable aspect, but again and especially by the chemical analysis, which
reveals immediately its nature and origin. It affects a peculiar brown coloration
in the presence of alkalies, and especially of ammonia. On the other hand the
alum which it contains gives place to the reactions which every chemist recognises
à priori
1. "Orange Coloured Yellow."-Direct and without any mixture we obtain with
the yellow extract an orange coloured yellow by operating in the following
manner:-
We mordant the stuff which we purpose dyeing either with the acetate of lead or
manganate of potash, the salt of tartar, or by any basic salt, or, and much
better still, by the perchloride of tin. We afterwards plunge the stuff into the
dyer's bath, which we raise to the boiling temperature.
2. Clear Yellow.-For obtaining the clear yellow on silk, wool, cotton, thread,
and others it suffices to plunge the stuff simply fulled or boiled in a bath prepared
by means of our extract.
3. Golden Yellow or Lacker.-The solid golden yellow or lacker is obtained in
the following manner :-)
-The liquid sufficiently oxydised by the atmospheric
influence is treated by the perchloride of tin. This salt precipitates the colouring
matter which we have previously collected by filtering, and which is dried for the
the purposes of commerce.
It is to be observed that our solid yellow is indifferently applicable by its
colouring to the manufacture of stained papers, artificial flowers, and to all
industries in which the solid yellows are used, as well as to the printing on
stuffs.
Lastly. This solid yellow is united with Prussian blue and indigo for forming
greens, and with the red extracts of the sandal or other source for giving the
oranges.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Michel Edmond Savigny and Alfred Charles Collineau in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 11th November 1880.
"
MICHEL EDMOND SAVIGNY, Chemist, and ALFRED CHARLES COLLINEAU, Doctor
in Medicine, both of Boulevard Saint Denis, 1, Paris. THE MANUFACTURE OF
AN IMPROVED VEGETABLE COLOURING SUBSTANCE."
The name of this new coloring matter, which is extracted from the common heath,
and abounds in France, is derived from the botanical term Erica vulgario, which has
given its name to the heath tribe, or Ericaceal. The process of manufacture is as
follows -We treat the wood of the heath or of various kinds of poplar trees with
a hot solution of alum, whereby a liquid of a light and bright yellow color is
obtained, which becomes duller when cooling down and deposits a greenish resin.
The liquid, after having been separated from the resin by filtration, gets soon
oxidized by its contact with air, and after a few days it obtains a fine gold
color.
In this state it is eminently fit for various dyeing processes, and it supplies by
precipitation various yellow gums, such as light yellow, orange coloured, old gold
color, which guns are capable of competing with all analogous vegetable substances
used as yellow dyes.
The wood of the coinmon heath or of the poplar tree (preferably new branches
or chips reduced to small pieces or dust) is treated by an alum solution in the
following proportions, or near thereto :-
Alum, 1 part in weight
Wood, 10 parts, and water, 30 parts.
This mixture is maintained at the boiling temperature for 20 to 30 minutes, and
subsequently filtered (when yet hot) through a cloth sufficiently fine to prevent the
passage of any impurities. The liquid which has passed through the filter deposits
while cooling a large quantity of resin having a greenish yellow color.
The liquid is separated from the resin by filtration, and after having been filtered
a second time it is exposed to the influence of light and the atmosphere. The time
of exposure varies according to the seasons of the year, but four or five consecutive
days are generally sufficient. The liquid becomes soon oxidized, thereby assuming
a very fine colour.
As a rule extract or yellow lack is only obtained after the liquid has been subjected
to this operation.
By uniting ericine with indigo, Prussian blue, either liquid or in pastil shape,
may be obtained; united with cauline it gives a variety of green tints on wool,
silk, linen, cotton, jute, &c. Hazelnut or chamois tints may be obtained by uniting
cricine with the bark of the alder or of the oak.
Green or bronze tints may be obtained by the combination of ericine with the
majority of the salts of iron, especially with the sulphates.
In combination with red dye wood, such as red sanders, Brazilwood, or with
cochineal, curcuma, or extract of cauline, ericine gives aventurine or orange tints.
The pure extracts, when dissolved in a dye bath, produces a light yellow color on
wool, silk, cotton, linen, phormium, and other textile materials.
Directly, and without the admixture of any coloring substance, the yellow extract
of ericine gives a yellow orange tint by the application of a mordant, such as
acetate of lead, manganate of potash, any basic salts, or, better, protochloride
of tin.
Solid gold lack may be obtained by treating the oxidized liquid with proto-
chloride of tin, which precipitates the coloring substance; the latter can be brought
into the market.

page_text: This solid yellow lack, which stands comparison with the finest vegetable lacks,
may be used for illuminating, or for the manufacture of paper hangings, of artificial
flowers, for printing on cloth, or for any other industry where solid yellow colors
are applied
CLAIM.
The process of manufacturing cricine, and the applications of the latter,
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Michel Edmond Savigny and Alfred
Charles Collineau, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of
November 1880
CLAIM.
The process of manufacturing cricine, and the applications of the latter,
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Michel Edmond Savigny and Alfred
Charles Collineau, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of
November 1880
M. E. SAVIGNY.
(L.S.)
A. CH. COLLINEAU. (L.S.)