IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING, FINISHING AND DRYING OF FIRE CLAY OR STONEWARE SANITARY SOCKETTED TUBES OR PIPES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Laurens Noel, 16 Stacey Road, Roath, Cardiff in
the County of Glamorgan, South Wales for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MAKING, FINISHING AND DRYING OF FIRE CLAY OR STONEWARE
SANITARY SOCKETTED TUBES OR PIPES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Laurens Noel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1882.
PHILIP LAURENS NOEL 16 Stacey Rad, Roath, Cardiff in the County of
Glamorgan, South Wales IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING, FINISHING AND DRYING
OF FIRE CLAY OR STONEWARE SANITARY SOCKETTED TUBES OR PIPES
The object of this Invention is improvements in the making finishing and drying
of fire clay or stoneware sanitary socketted tubes or pipes.
For the purposes of my Invention I place the ordinary socketting ring locked
in position say 3/ths of an inch lower than its position at end of process, then fill
the socket as usual by the machine power and almost simultaneously rise the ring.
to its finished position thereby compressing the socket clay quite solid; it is
afterwards released and the required length of pipe cut off as usual and carried on
to a wheeling barrow in which position the pipe is trimmed and cut to its finished
length and afterwards deposited on a bed of sand, which sand gradually gives away
as the pipe contracts.
A circular groove is formed by the end of the drum that is used for depositing.
the nine

page_text: •
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Philip Laurens Noel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th January 1883.
PHILIP LAURENS NOEL of 16 Stacey Road, Roath Cardiff in the County of
Glamorgan South Wales IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING FINISHING AND DRYING
OF FIRE CLAY OR STONEWARE SANITARY SOCKETTED TUBES OR PIPES
Heretofore the formation of the sockets or enlarged ends of stoneware or clay
sanitary pipes made by machines for producing such goods, has been effected by
simply filling and forming such enlarged portions or sockets by the same means
that are used for expressing the remaining portion of such pipes, the rings for
forming such sockets being secured in position whilst such is being formed, by
means of a key at the following rod as shown at Figures 1 and 2 Drawing N° 2
and or the slides of the dies as shown at Figures 3 and 4 Drawing No 2; that is
to say the most usual machines are fitted with either rolls, rams, screws or
angularly placed knives or blades for the purpose of expressing the material of
which the pipes are made; these machines being driven either by hand or power.
In some cases auxiliary pressure at the sockets has been obtained by the use of
socket rings having flats formed on them to serve as a cam, such rings after having
been secured in position being caused to revolve or partially revolve at the same
time as the pressure by the rolls, rams or screws are expressing the material to
fill such sockets; this latter method is only applicable to sockets of a truly
circular form.
The above described machines are also used for producing plain unsocketted
tubes of various sections of fireclay material, and after each approximate length of
either socketted or unsocketted pipe or tube has been expressed from the machine,
the common method has been to roughly cut same off with a wire or wires either
mounted on a frame or held by the machine attendant. Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8 and 9 Drawing No 2 clearly shew elevations and plans of the most usually used
types of machines for producing socketted and or plain clay tubes and pipes, but
in some cases the dies or deliveries are placed at the sides or top and thus delivering
the articles in a manner different to that shown on my plans.
The usual remaining process for finishing socketted and or plain tubes after
leaving the machines where they are made, has been to cut, trim and score them
at their sockets or ends by mounting them on a revolving spindle or lathe and
effecting such cutting, scoring and trimming whilst so revolving, (or this is done
by hand whilst the pipes are at rest), this process being carried out immediately
the pipes leave the expressing machine or more usually after allowing them to
partially dry on the floor, but with the cominon kinds of clay plain drain pipes
they are after being roughly cut at the machine at once placed on the floor to dry;
in some cases also the grooving or scoring of the sockets of socketted pipes has been
effected by means of socketting rings having a series of circular grooves formed on
them and between and around which the clay is forced whilst forming the sockets
in the usual way.
The usual means resorted to for drying either plain or socketted tubes or pipes
is either by the application of heat either at the tops or bottoms of such goods or
by simply allowing the passage of air to effect such drying without the aid of
induced temperature; in some cases they are also dried by the same above
described means but placed upon rings of the same undried materials of which they
are made.
Now by my Invention which is applicable to all such usual machines for
expressing clay socketted pipes and or plain tubes. I use the same means for

page_text: expressing the clay and filling the sockets, but for the purpose of more solidly
forming the sockets of any form I only claim the application of extra pressure or
power derived from either hydraulic, gas, steam or air power applied to the
socketting ring to force same to its work in a direction directly opposite to the
direction of delivery and compress the clay; or the same results may be obtained
by forcing the ring in the aforesaid manner by lever B worked by the attendant
as shown Figures 1 and 2 Drawing No 1. Where the delivery dies are placed
differently to that shown, the apparatus would be arranged to suit such position.
To effect the scoring of circular sockets and release of air I only claim the uso
of socket rings provided with a series of holes placed in the ordinarily used socket
rings, as shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5 Drawing N° 1 these holes also being used
for the purpose of admitting a comb shown at Figure 6 drawing No 1 which
enables the attendant to score and also draw the socket ring from the socket of
the pipe.
To rapidly effect the cutting off truly to length and scoring or grooving the plain
end of a socketted pipe or both ends of a plain pipe or tube of usual circular, oval
square D or similar shaped section, and in the case of the commoner kinds of
drain pipes to avoid the rough end due to being cut with a wire or wires I only
claim the use of dods or cores extending below or beyond the dies and also the
cutting device and apparatus as shown on Figures 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13
Drawing No 1 applied to an ordinary usual machine.
To safely and rapidly effect the drying of either plain or socketted tubes or pipes
I use the same ordinary and before described means of drying same, but for
protecting and delaying the drying of the bottoms in advance of the body parts of
such pipe.or pipes I only claim the application of grease, oil, soap, or tar applied
to the bottoms of such goods internally and or externally as shown at Figure 16
Drawing No 1 or the use of damp or dry clay and or sand (preferably sea sand)
or cloths placed at the bottoms of such pipes as shewn at Figures 14, 15, and 16
Drawing No 1 and for the same purpose and also for assisting the drag on the
floor due to the contraction in drying of heavy and large sized tubes or pipes
I also claim the use of metal or elastic material spring bands placed externally as
shown at Figure 17 Drawing N° 1 and also the use of a sand bedded floor formed
with a recess or groove shewn on Figure 18 Drawing N° 1 this recess or groove
being formed by means of a mandril or drum formed as shewn on Figure 19.
Drawing No 1. The whole of the foregoing means to prevent the bottoms from
drying too quickly, may be used separately or in combination.
To further make my claim and invention clear I will describe my process. By
reference to Drawing N° 1 which shews my cutting off, scoring, and socket
compressing arrangements as applied to an ordinary socket pipe making machine.
Upon the same plan I show at Figures 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 a series of pipes
or tubes in position on the floor for drying with the applications of protection
before described, (each portion may be used separately or jointly in the manufacture
of the goods before described.)
To form the sockets of socketted pipes the attendant places the socketting ring
and or rings C Figure 1 upon the following table D Figure 1 in the usual way,
releases and secures it by means of the roller E Figure 1 and foot F Figure 1 of
the following rod G Figure 1 some little distance less than its proper position
relative to the die and starts the machine. Upon the clay filling the socket he
causes the socket rings.to advance towards the die either by the lever B Figures 1
and 2 or by application of either air, hydraulic, gas or steam power applied in any
way but not shown in my plans, after the socket is filled and compressed the socket
ring is released and the remaining portion of the pipe formed. The catch rod H
Figure 1 of my cutting apparatus being formed and adjusted as shown to suit any
desired length of pipe it will be seen that should the machine not finish expressing
at exactly the necessary length of pipe this rod H Figure 1 will engage with a
stop I Figure 1 and 7 placed on the following rod G Figure 1 and 7 cross bar J
Figure 1 and 7 or table D and thus compress the spring K and draw the cutting
°

page_text: gear L Figures 1 and 2 towards it in the same proportion that the expression has
occurred over and beyond the required length, the moment the attendant sees
that the stop engages with the rod H Figure 1 he may at once commence to move
or actuate the pendulum ball lever M Figures 1 and 2 and so draw the cutter
knife or knives L Figure 1 and 2 home to the prolonged core or dod N Figure 1
in the case of one pipe being made at one time, or the cores or dods in the case
where more than one is made at once, and thus sever the pipe or pipes at the
desired length or he may await the stopping of the machine before so doing; after
the cutting and or scoring has been effected the attendant disengages the rod H
Figure 1 and at the same time the apparatus is brought back into position by
means of the spring and weighted pendulum K and M ready for another pipe. If
it is desired to score or groove the ends, the cutter knife or knives are formed with
a scoring as shown at Figure 10 but actuated in precisely the same manner as
above described. In the case of producing plain pipes or tubes scored at both
ends the cutting apparatus would be devised and made as shown at Figure 10 but
with additional scoring placed at other side of knife so that a scoring would
be formed at each side of the cut instead of at one as in the case of socketted
pipes.
After the pipes or tubes are finished at the machine they are carried off in the
usual way or ways at the same time the socketting rings Figures 3, 4 and 5 are
twisted out from the socket by means of the comb Figure 6 thus allowing air to
enter and also combe groove or score the sockets.
After the pipes or tubes are deposited in position as at Figures 14, 15, 16, 17
and 18 for drying, grease, oil, soap or tar, damp or dry sand and or clay, or cloths
or spring bands is applied at the bottoms internally and or externally separately
or in combination for the purpose of delaying the drying of the parts so treated,
and in the case of spring bands and the forming of an annular groove in the sand
by means of the drum Figure 19 for the purpose of also assisting the drag on the
drying floor due to the weight and contraction of the goods.
By the foregoing described processes socket pipes and or plain tubes of clay
material can be more rapidly and economically produced.
In witness whereof I the said Philip Laurens Noel have hereunto set my
hand and seal this tenth day of January in the year of our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.