IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
PRICE SIMCOX, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Carpet and
Rug Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, this Sixteenth day of November, in the eleventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Price Simcox, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said George Price Simcox, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said George Price Simcox, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES ;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
George Price Simcox, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
párticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled
in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next.
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Price Simcox, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon (that is to say):
My Invention of Improvements in the Manufacture of Carpets, and other
similar Articles, consists of various improved modes of producing these fabrics,
whereby they may be made more durable and at the same time much cheaper
than by the process now in ordinary use. My improvements may be divided
into two general heads or parts, the first of which refers to the production of
fabrics of great durability, and some of which fabrics are similar in appearance
to ordinary Brussels carpet and the second relates to the manufacture of
fabrics with a cut pile, such as Wilton or Axminster carpets. In the manu-
facture of all the different-kinds of fabrics.according to my improvements,
I dispense with the use of Jacquard apparatus in my looms, and also
with the employment of the iron wires or tags which are ordinarily em-
ployed to produce terry fabrics, such as Brussels. carpets and coach lace:
By the suppression of these parts of ordinary carpet looms my machinery is
rendered much more simple, and can consequently be worked at greater speed,
and the fabric produced at much less expense than by the usual process::
The first part of my. Invention consists in making a ribbed fabric greatly
resembling the ordinary Brussels. carpet fabric by a combination of wollen and
linen, warp and weft arranged in such a manner that the woollen warp, in. the
form of a ribbed surface, may constitute the face of the fabric, while the linen
warp forms the ground or back of the fabric. Now many plans may be
devised for effecting this object; and of the various modes of producing the
fabric I will shew and describe several...
:
In, Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings, I have shewn Diagrams of, four
different plans for producing these various fabrics. The letters a, b, c, d, e, and
f, denote the woollen and linen warp threads, the letters. W. and L. the woollen
and linen weft threads, and the numbers, 1st; 2d, 3d, 4th, &c; denote the
stages of the operation of weaving, shewing: the number, arrangement,. and.
mode, of working the healds, and throwing in; the linen or woollen shoots or
wefts. The plan which produces a fabric; most closely resembling, Brussels.
carpet, and which I shall call No. 1, consists in weaving the fabric as nearly as,
possible in the ordinary way; 'except that instead of inserting a. tag, or wire to.
form the rib, or terry, as, is usually the case, I, in place thereof, throw in.a.
thick shoot or weft of woollen or cotton, over which the woollen warp is drawn,

page_text: and forms a rib, the woollen warp being afterwards bound down with a linen
:shoot or weft in the ordinary way. The mode of producing this fabric will
perhaps be best understood by referring to the sectional Diagram A, which
shews the arrangement of woollen and linen warps and wefts. It will be
understood that the woollen warp employed is all of one color, and conse-
quently the fabric, when produced, will be a plain or unornamented fabric, with
a looped or terry pile. Upon this fabric any design may be printed by blocks
or otherwise, according to any of the well-known processes; and as these
processes form no part of my improvements they need not be further alluded to
or more particularly described. A fabric somewhat different in appearance and
character from that above described, but answering the same purposes, may be
produced in a loom of similar construction by altering the arrangement and
operation of the healds-or-headles which work the warps. In the former case
only four healds were required, but as the fabric now alluded to, and which I
shall call No. 2, is a species of twilled fabric, six healds must be employed.
Instead of all the woollen warp being made to rise and fall together, only one
third of the woollen warp goes down at one time (viz., at every third shoot);
each warp thread, therefore, in regular succession, extends over threo weft
threads, so as to produce the appearance which is called twill. A sectional
Diagram of the mode of producing this fabric is seen at B. In the two fabrics
above described the woollen warp threads alone, although somewhat differently
arranged, constitute the face of the fabric; and as the weft threads are scarcely
seen these threads may be made to consist of linen or cotton in place of wool;
but a very good appearance may be produced by employing a much less
quantity of woollen warp, and allowing the woollen weft threads to appear on
the surface of the fabric; linen and woollen shoots must be employed in this
as in the former instances; and various means may be suggested for effecting
the intended object. I will, however, for the present confine myself to two
only, Nos. 3 and 4, in both of which four healds only are employed (namely),
two for the woollen warp and two for the linen. In No. 3 each alternate
woollen warp thread is made to pass over and under each weft thread, and is
also bound in by the linen weft below, as seen in sectional Diagram C; but in
No. 4 each alternate warp thread is made to pass over and hold two woollen
weft threads, and is itself held down by the linen weft (as seen in the sectional
Diagram D), but never passes under the woollen weft, which, as in the former
case, forms part of the face of the fabric. The looms in which these are made
do not differ very widely in construction from those usually employed for
producing various other fabrics, the principal difference consisting in the

page_text: employment of two separate shuttles, one for the woollen weft and one for the
linen weft. These shuttles are both thrown by the same pickers and picking
sticks; and consequently the shuttle boxes must be moved up or down, as may
.be required, in order to allow the picker to throw the proper shuttle: It will
also be necessary to work the healds in a suitable manner to form the proper
sheds, in order that the woollen face may be properly bound to the linen
ground.
Sheets II., III., and IV., represent different views of a power loom suitable for
making the fabrics above mentioned. Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the loom.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of one end of the loom, and Fig. 3 a similar view of the
opposite end. A, A, A, A, is the framing which supports the lathe or slay;
B, B, B, B, is the framework of the loom, made of wood, iron,' or other
.suitable material; C, C, are the jacks, to the inner ends of which the healds
or headles L, L, L, are connected; D, D, are the triangles or vibrating arms,
which, by means of the straps E, E, the picker sticks F, F; and the pickers
.G, G, work the shuttles. H; H, are the shuttle boxes, which are made double,
so as to hold the woollen and linen shuttles, and are moved up and down; as may
be required, by means of levers a, a (sco Figs. 2 and 3), which are connected
to the double shuttle boxes II, II, by means of the long rods b, b. The levers a, a,
.and consequently the shuttle boxes, are worked by a cam or tappet wheel S
(see Fig. 3), which acts against the under side of a lever z; and by means of
.the connecting rods y raises up the levers a, a. The rotation of the cam or
tappet wheel S, and also the form of the wheel, can be regulated so as to raise
the shuttle boxes at the proper time, and bring either the upper or lower one
level with the shuttle race. The weight of the boxes is itself sufficient to keep
them down when not raised up by the cam wheel S. I (Fig. 1) is the cap of
the lathe K, K; M is the cloth or work roller; N, the linen warp roller;
O, the stuffing warp roller; X, worsted warp roller, and W the dead roller,
over which the worsted warp passes before passing through the healds; P, P,
.are the driving pullies, and T, T. (Fig. 2), the weaving tappet levers for
working the jacks C, C. U is a driving wheel, on the axle of which is a
wheel for actuating the weaving tappets; and V (Fig. 3) is the tappet and
star wheel for working the picker leg by means of rods and levers in the
ordinary manner; and Z, Z, are the rods or straps which connect the lathe
with the crank of the driving shaft, and whereby it is actuated.
The tappet
.wheel g is constructed in such a manner as to cause the tappet levers, and
through them the jacks, and consequently the healds, to rise and fall in
any given oriler of succession.
The arrangement required for the production

page_text: of each of the above-mentioned fabrics will be more minutely described hero-
after. The linen and woollen warp rollers are each of them furnished with
weighted levers h, h, to regulate the tension of the warps.
Fig. 4, in the Drawing, represents a perspective view of the working parts..
of the loom divested of the framing; and as the same letters of reference denote
corresponding parts in all the Figures, it will be unnecessary to give any.
further description of this Figure. I will therefore proceed to describe the .
operations of the headles and shuttles, reference being had to the Diagrams in
Sheet I., as, by an attentive examination of these Diagrams and the accompany-
ing explanation any practical weaver will be able with facility to arrange the
loom for producing any of the before-mentioned fabrics.
.
:
.
Diagram No. 1 represents the mode of working the healds and shuttles for ..
producing the fabric in imitation of Brussels carpet, a Diagram section of which
is seen at A. To make this fabric only four healds are required. The line a..
represents the worsted warp, the line 6 the linen or cotton stuffing warp, and
the lines c and d the linen warp or ground chain. The warps are supposed to..
be in the position ready to begin work, that is, with the woollen warp a up, as.
marked at first operation with a small circle in Diagram, and the shuttle must..
be so arranged as to throw the woollen shoot or weft first, as marked W, in
the Diagram, and when this is beaten up (which operation of course takes
place every time either shuttle is thrown); second, the headle, with part of the
linen warp, and marked c in the Diagram, is drawn up, a having been taken.
down; then the linen shoot L is thrown in in the direction of the arrows;.
third, headle c then goes down, and, a, b, and d come up, and the linen.
shoot L is thrown back. Fourth, then headle a is drawn up, and b, c, and d
taken down, and the woollen shoot W returns.. Fifth, then linen warp d.
is drawn up, a, b, and c. being down; the linen shoot L is again thrown, and, .
sixth, a, b, and c.are raised, d being taken down, and the linen shoot, L is.
thrown in the opposite direction, and the course is completed, and the opera-
tions continue in the same order. .
In Diagram. No. 2 there, are six healds, as shewn in the perspective view.
Fig 4. As, this fabric, which is shewn in the sectional Diagram B, requires six.
healds to produce it, in this case there are three woollen healds a, b, and c,
and three linen ones, d, e, and f. The healds are represented both in the
Diagram at operation first, and in the perspective view as ready to commence
work, that is, with the three woollen healds up and the three linen ones down,.
thereby separating the two .materials comprising the fabric from one another..
The woollen shoot is first thrown in and beaten up; second, then healds a, b,.
and fare drawn up, c, d, and e being down, and a linen shoot L is thrown..

page_text: Third, then healds a, b, c, d, and e, are drawn up, f being down, and
the linen shoot L is thrown back again in the opposite direction, as shewn.:
by the arrow. Fourth, then a, b, c, are drawn up, and d, e, f, taken down, and
the woollen shoot thrown a second time. Fifth, healds b, c, d, are drawn up,
and a, e, f, taken down, and the linen shoot L thrown. Sixth, headles a, b, c, 5
e, f, are up, and d is down, and the linen shoot L is thrown back again."
Seventh, then, as at the commencement, a, b, c, are up, and d, e, f, down, and":
another woollen shoot is thrown in. Eighth, á, c, e, are up, and b, d, f, down, and
the woollen shuttle is thrown. Ninth, a, b, c, d, f, are up, e down, and the
linen shoot is thrown back again, which completes the course,
Fifth, draw up a c, b d'
1
In order to produce fabric No. 3 the shuttles are arranged in the same.
manner as in the former instance, but only four healds are required, (viz.,) two
worsted or woollen a, b, and two linen c, d. The first operation is to draw up:
half the woollen warp as a and throw in the wollen weft or shoot. Second,
bring up the other half 6 of the woollen' warp and d of the linen warp, and -1
throw the linen shoot L. Third, draw up healds a, b, c, the other one, d, being:
down, and, throw the linen shoot L back again. Fourth, draw up b, a.c d'
being down, and throw the woollen weft W again.
being 'down, and throw the linen weft L. Sixth, then raise a, b, and. d, and .
carry down c; then throw the linen weft 'back again, and the fabric is 2
completed, as shewn in the sectional Diagram C. The fabric shewn in the
sectional Diagram D is somewhat similar in appearance to the one just
described. It is made by a similar arrangement of shuttles and the same
number of healds. The explanation. of the Diagram No. 4 is as follows:-:
First, the worsted or woollen warp a, b, is drawn up, the linen warp c, d, 2
carried down, and the woollen shoot W thrown. Second, healds b and d are:
drawn up, and a and c taken down; the linen shoot is then thrown. Third,
a, b, c, healds are raised, and d lowered, and the linen weft or shoot returned. :
Fourth, the woollen warp a, b, as at first, is drawn up, and the linen one c, d,:
carried down; the woollen shoot is again thrown. Fifth, then a and c are 8
raised, and band d taken down, and the linen shoot thrown. Sixth, a, b, and d
are raised, c being down, and the linen shoot thrown back again, and the course
is completed.
I would héré remark that these fabrics may be made either in a hand or
power loom; and although I have shewn in the Drawings all the necessary: 8
appendages of a power loom, yet it will be evident, by referring to the per-
spective view, in which all the principal parts are shewn, that all the operations
can, be easily effected by the ordinary treadles in place of the tappets of the
.power loom.

page_text: The second part of my Invention relates to the production. of fabrics with.a
cut pile, or such as are known as Wilton or Axminster carpets or rugs.
The
ordinary mode of making some of these fabrics is to weave the pattern in by:
means of a Jacquard apparatus, and pass the woollen warp over a rod or tag,:
which is afterwards cut out by passing a suitable knife. along it, thereby pro-
ducing the cut pile. In manufacturing rugs the process is still more tedious:
and costly, as the pattern threads are put in by hand. This. mode of making.
cut pile and other carpets, or similar fabrics has, however, been much simplified:
by the employment of a printed warp, which when woven over wires, and the".
surface afterwards cut, produces a fabric with an ornamental design scarcely if:at,
all inferior in appearance to that produced by the old but more tedious process..>
The object of the present Invention is to produce a similar fabric, but in a
different, improved, and, as I believe, a more economical manner,. as a loom,
constructed according to my improvements can be driven by power, as. I
altogether dispense with the use not only of the Jacquard apparatus, but also:
with the employment of wires or tags to form the pile. By my improved plan
the pattern or design and surface of the fabric is produced from the weft in
place of the warp as heretofore. For this purpose the weft is made to consist
of thick woollen shoot, which must be printed or stained with suitable colors,:
precisely as the woollen warps have been heretofore, done. The woollen shoot;:
when thrown in is, by means of suitably-formed hooks, pulled up and formed:
into loops, which, when they are properly secured to the foundation or ground:
of the fabric, are afterwards cut by means of knives or cutting instruments.
with which the hooks are furnished for the purpose of releasing them from, the:
loops and producing .the.cut pile.
In Sheet V. of the accompanying Drawings I have shewn various views.
of the machinery or apparatus which I employ to produce this.fabric.
Fig. 5 represents a front view of that part.of a loom with which my improve-.
ments are connected; Fig. 6 is a vertical section of the same. a, a, is the
framework of the loom; b, b; the bottom lathe or slay; c, c, the double shuttle:
boxes; d,d, the shuttles, one of which is furnished with a woollen weft of.
shoot to form the pile, and the other with a linen one to form the ground;:
e is the main or driving, shaft, the cranks of which are connected to the batten
or lathe by means of connecting rods or straps f.f.. Upon the idriving shaft.e:
is mounted a small toothed wheel 9, which gears into and drives, another
toothed wheel h, mounted on the shaft i, and twice the .size. of the smaller,
wheel.g. On the shaft i (see Figs. 5 and 6) are ialso -mounted two other:
wheels j,*, with teeth round a portion only of their circumference. The teeth:
of these wheels are intended, at proper intervals, to take.into the teeth of the

page_text: small wheels, k, k*, mounted on the horizontal shaft l. It will be seen by
referring to Fig. 6 that the wheels k, k*, like those marked j, j*, are only,
furnished with teeth round a portion of their circumference; on the shaft / are
also mounted large pullies m, m. These pullies are connected by cords p, q,
to a roller o, which I have. denominated the lifting roller; the cords or
ropes p, q, are guided and kept in the proper positions by the loose pullies r, r, r, r..
A horizontal bar or rail s extends across the front of the machine for the lifting.
roller o to run upon, and t is a round rod or. bar, also extending across the
front of the loom, for the purpose of guiding the lifting roller o in its proper
course, and preventing it from running off the rail s.. u, u, u, u, are a series
of hooks, also shewn detached and upon an enlarged scale at Figs. 7, 8, and 9.:
These hooks are furnished with knives or cutting blades u*, and placed in front
of the batten b, as shewn in the Drawings at Figs. 5 and 6. The lower ends.
of these hooks u are passed down between the warp threads v, just in front of.
the work, and enter notches cut in the lower horizontal beam of the batten b.
The upper ends of these hooks are slotted and are suspended from a rod w,
which is passed through the slots for the purpose. This rod w rests upon the:
horizontal bar w*, which, as well as another horizontal bar w' below, is notched
so as form comb bars, and serve to guide the hooks u as they rise and fall, and
thus to keep them in their proper positions.. In order that the construction of
the hooks u, u, and their appendages may be clearly understood, they
are shewn detached and upon an enlarged scale at Figs. 7, 8, and 9..
The operation of the loom is as follows:-Having formed the shed in
the ordinary way by means of the healds, and thrown the shuttle containing,
the linen weft, and the cranked shaft e being made to revolve in the direction
of the arrow, the batten or lathe will beat up the linen shoot that has just
been thrown, and another shed of the warps must be formed, and the shuttle
containing the worsted shoot thrown. The hooks u, which during the last
beat up of the linen shoot were resting upon the bar w', as shewn in Figs. 8
and 9, are now caused to drop down between the warp threads and the positions
shewn in Figs. 5 and 6, and a short beat up of the batten takes place, which
must be just sufficient to place the worsted shoot on the lower end or toothed
part of the hooks u, u; then the hooks are to be drawn up one after another by
means of the lifting roller o, in the manner hereafter described, and the woollen
weft will, by this operation, be pulled up into loops, as shewn in the enlarged
detached views Figs. 7 and 8. The hooks u, u, are raised as before stated by
the lifting roller o, and this is made to travel across the machine by commu-
nicating motion to the large wheels j, j, upon the shaft i by means of the
toothed wheels 9 and h; and as the wheels j, *, take alternately into the teeth.

page_text: of the small wheels k, k*, on the shaft l, immediately after every throw of the
worsted shoot, thereby causing them, with the pullies m'or n, to revolve rapidly,
the lifting roller ó will, by means of the cords p or q, be made to fly along the
bars in front of the loom, and act against the under sides of the horizontal pro-
jections 1 of the upper parts of the hooks u, u, and raise them up; and as the
hooks are raised they are forced forward by the springs a, and made to catch or
lodge upon the bar w', where they remain suspended until they are removed by
the latho in the manner to be described. It should be understood that the
shaft is fixed and does not revolve, and that the wheels and pullies k and m, and
and n, are mounted on hollow shafts, which revolve loosely upon the shaft I,
and consequently independent of each other; so that when the teeth of the
wheel j, for instance, have worked out of gear or passed the teeth of the small
wheel, and brought the lifting roller o' across the loom, as in Fig. 5, the cord
attached to the other pulley n will cause that pulley to revolve, and bring the
teeth of the wheel into a position to be acted upon by the wheel * as it
comes round, which will be the case immediately after the next woollen shoot
is thrown, and laid upon the hooks u, u, ready to be raised and formed into
lcops. While the hooks a, u, have hold of the loops of the woollen weft,
and the hooks are suspended from the bar w', the shed is again changed,
and a shoot of linen is thrown, which, when closely beaten up, will bind and
secure the woollen or worsted weft in its looped position, leaving it ready to be
cut or opened by the knives or cutting instruments of the hooks u, u.. This
cutting or opening of the loops is effected in the following manner :-To the
swords of the batten bis affixed a horizontal cross piece y, the under side of
which is bevilleil, and this piece y (when the batten 6 beats up) will come
into contact with and press down a lever z connected to the knife of the
hooks u, u, as seen in Fig. 9, thereby causing the blades or knives u*, u*, to
rise and cut through the weft, and open the loops to form the face of the fabric;
when, as the batten 6 recedes, the edge of the piece y catches in a notch in the
ends of the lever of the hooks u, and draws them forward off the bar w¹,
when they will fall down by their own weight into the position. shewn at
Figs. 5 and 6 ready to receive the next shoot of worsted as before. It has
been stated that when the worsted shoot is thrown a short beat up of the
batten is necessary for the purpose of placing it on the hooks, so that it
be drawn up by them to form the loops. This I effect by the following con-
trivance: Upon the shaft i (see Figs. 5 and 6) are placed two cams 2, 3;
these cams (as the shafts i revolve) depress the levers 4 and 5, which, by means
of the rods 6 and 7, lower the pins of the connecting rods f. f, and cause them
to slide down the curved slots in the lower ends of the swords of the batten,
may

page_text: and by that means: shorten the beat up of the batten. It will be evident to
.any intelligent mechanic.that the above arrangment may be variously modified,
and a like result obtained. For instance, the hooks may be constructed and
-worked in a very different manner to that shewn. In Figures 10 and 11
I have shewn a modification of the above described arrangement. In this case
it will be seen that the knife or moveable blade of the hook u is dispensed with,
and instead thereof the lower end or hooked part of the hook u is made
with a knife edge, and is intended to cut the looop. The hooks are kept in their
proper positions by a comb bar w¹ and the bar w, which latter bar is not fixed,
.but is pressed against the upper ends of the hooks by springs, as shewn in the
Drawing. Instead of the small lifting roller o, which is made to run along the
bars, for the purpose of raising the hooks as in the former instance, I here
employ a large cam wheel in, mounted on the shaft n, which wheel is actuated
by the chain o*, which chain is driven by a small pulley on the end of the
driving shaft e, and as the cam wheel revolves the cams p of the wheel.m,
*which is shewn detached in elevation at Fig. 11; come successively in contact
<with the short ends of the horizontal levers q, q, and by depressing these lévers
..thereby raise the hooks u, u. to which they are connected a sufficient height
to form the loops and hold them in that position while the linen or binding
shoot is being thrown in and beaten up, by which time a second cam or pro-
jection r, on the cam wheel m, comes round and further depressos the short
arms of the horizontal levers 7, 9, and thereby suddenly raises the hooks u, u,
a further distance to cut open the loops and release the hooks.
As the other
"
parts of the loom are the same as those in the loom above described, no further
description will be necessary, except to say, that after the fabric is removed
'from the loom it will be advisable to shear the surface in order to render
it perfectly even. This operation may be effected in any ordinary shearing
machine.
:
Having now described my Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I would have it understood that, although in order that my
improvements may be more clearly understood I have in the foregoing
description considered it necessary to describe and explain the construction
and operation of various parts of looms which have been employed for similar
purposes, yet I do not by any means, intend to claim such parts as of my
Invention; I would also observe, that although I have generally described
woollen and linen warp and weft or shoot as the materials to be used in the
production of the above described fabrics, I do not intend to confine myself
exclusively to these materials, as cotton and other cheap materials may be
employed with great advantage in the production of some of the fabrics; nor

page_text: do I intend to confine myself rigidly to the precise arrangement of the threads
of which these fabrics are composed, as various arrangements or patterns may
be devised by any practical weaver, and made to produce similar fabrics,
having a woollen or cotton face and a linen ground; neither do I intend to
confine myself rigidly to the peculiar construction of parts herein set forth and
described, as all these points may doubtless be varied without departing from
the nature and object of my Invention. But that which I consider to be new,
and therefore wish to claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the production of a fabric in imitation of Brussels carpet, such as
that described at Diagrams Nos. 1 and A, in Sheet I., with a linen or cotton
ground and a ribbed surface, consisting of woollen or cotton warp, with a
woollen or cotton stuffing shoot to form the rib.
Second, the various fabrics described in reference to Diagrams Nos. 2, 3,
and 4, and B, C, and D, Sheet I., or any mere modifications thereof, in which
there is a strong linen or other ground combined with a woollen or cotton.
surface, which may be ornamented by printing or otherwise.
Third, I claim making a cut pile fabric by drawing up the weft or shoot,
either plain or printed, by means of hooks or other similar instruments, which
are afterwards made to cut the loops thus formed, and produce a cut pile.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Price Simccx, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE-
PRICE SIMCOX, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Carpet and
Rug Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, this Sixteenth day of November, in the eleventh year of Her-
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Price Simcox, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said George Price Simcox, my.executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said George Price Simcox, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention, of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES ;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said.
George Price Simcox, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in-
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled
in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and.at.
large appear.

page_text: .:
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Price Simcox, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of Improvements in the Manufacture of Carpets, and other
similar Articles, consists of. various improved modes of producing these fabrics,
whereby they may be made more durable and at the same time much cheaper
than by the process now in ordinary use. My improvements may be divided
into two general heads or parts, the first of which refers to the production of
fabrics of great durability, and-some of which fabrics are similar in appearance
to ordinary Brussels carpet and the second relates to the manufacture of
fabrics with a cut pile, such as Wilton or Axminster carpets. In the manu-
facture of all the different kinds of fabrics according to my improvements,
I dispense with the use of Jacquard apparatus in my looms, and also
with the employment of the iron wires or tags which are ordinarily em-
ployed to produce terry fabrics, such as Brussels, carpets, and coach lace.
By the suppression of these parts of ordinary carpet: looms my machinery is
rendered much more simple, and can consequently be worked at greater speed,
and the fabric produced at much less expense than by the usual process.
The first part of my Invention consists in making a ribbed fabric greatly
resembling the ordinary Brussels carpet fabric by a combination of wollen and
linen warp and weft arranged in such a manner that the woollen warp, in the
form of a ribbed surface, may constitute the face of the fabric, while the linen
warp forms the ground or back of the fabric. Now many plans may be
devised for effecting this object, and of the various modes of producing the
fabric I will shew and describe several.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings I have shewn Diagrams of four
different plans for producing these various fabrics. The letters a, b, c, d, e, and
f, denote the woollen and linen warp threads, the letters W and L the woollen,
and linen weft threads, and the numbers 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, &c. denote the
stages of the operation of weaving, shewing the number, arrangement, and
mode of working the healds, and throwing in the linen or woollen shoots or
wefts. The plan which produces a fabric most closely resembling Brussels
carpet, and which I shall call No. 1, consists in weaving the fabric as nearly as
possible in the ordinary way, except that instead of inserting a tag or wire to
form the rib or terry, as is usually the case, I, in place thereof, throw in a
thick shoot or weft of woollen or cotton, over which the woollen warp is drawn,

page_text: and forms a rib, the woollen warp being afterwards bound down with a linen
shoot or weft in the ordinary way. The mode of producing this fabric will
perhaps be best understood by referring to the sectional Diagram A; which
shews the arrangement of woollen and linen warps and wefts. It will be
understood that the woollen warp employed is all of one color, and conse-
quently the fabric, when produced, will be a plain or unornamented fabric, with
a looped or terry pile. Upon this fabric any design may be printed by blocks
or otherwise, according to any of the well-known processes; and as these
processes form no part of my improvements they need not be further alluded to
or more particularly described.. A fabric somewhat different in appearance and
character from that above described, but answering the same purposes, may be
produced in a loom of similar construction by altering the arrangement and
operation of the 'healds or headles which work the warps. In the former case
only four healds were required, but as the fabric now alluded to, and which I'
shall call No. 2, is a species of twilled fabric, six healds must be employed:
Instead of all the woollen warp being made to rise and fall together, only one
third of the woollen warp goes down at one time (viz.; at every third shoot);
each warp thread, therefore, in regular succession, extends over threo weft
threads, so as to produce the appearance which is called twill. A sectional
Diagram of the mode of producing this fabric is seen at B. In the two fabrics
above described the woollen warp threads alone, although somewhat differently
arranged, constitute the face of the fabric; and as the weft threads are scarcely
seen these threads may be made to consist of linen or cotton in place of woo! ;
but a very good appearance may be produced by employing a much less
quantity of woollen warp and allowing the woollen weft threads to appear on
the surface of the fabric; linen and woollen shoots must be employed in this
as: in the former instances; and various means may be suggested for effecting
the intended object. I will, however, for the present confine myself to two
only, Nos. 3 and 4, in both of which four healds only are employed (namely),
two for the woollen warp and two for the linen. In No. 3 each alternate
woollen warp thread is made to pass over and under each weft thread, and is
also bound in by the linen weft below, as seen in sectional Diagram C; but in
No. 4 each alternate warp thread is made to pass over and hold two woollen
weft threads, and is itself held down by the linen weft (as seen in the 'sectional
Diagram D), but never passes under the woollen weft, which, as in the former
case, forms part of the face of the fabric. The looms in which these are made
do not differ very widely in construction from those usually employed: .for
producing various other fabrics, the principal difference consisting in the

page_text: employment of two separate shuttles, one for the woollen weft and one for the
linen weft. These shuttles are both thrown by the same pickers and picking
sticks, and consequently the shuttle boxes must be moved up or down, as may
be required, in order to allow the picker to throw the proper shuttle.. It will
also be necessary to work the healds in a suitable manner to form the proper
sheds, in order that the woollen face may be properly bound to the linen
ground.
Sheets II., III., and IV., represent different views of a power loom suitable for
making the fabrics above mentioned. Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the loom.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of one end of the loom, and Fig. 3 a similar view of the
opposite end.. A, A, A, A, is the framing which supports the lathe or slay;
B, B, B, B, is the framework of the loom, made of wood, iron, or other
suitable material; C, C, are the jacks, to the inner ends of which the healds
or headles L, L, L, are connected; D, D, are the triangles or vibrating arms,
which, by means of the straps E, E, the picker sticks F, F, and the pickers
G, G, work the shuttles. H, H, are the shuttle boxes, which are made double,
so as to hold the woollen and linen shuttles, and are moved up and down, as may
be required, by means of levers a, a (see Figs. 2 and 3), which are connected
to the double shuttle boxes H, HI, by means of the long rods b, b. The levers a, a,
and consequently the shuttle boxes, are worked by a cam or tappet wheel S
(see Fig. 3), which acts against the under side of a lever, and by means of
the connecting rods y raises up the levers a, a. The rotation of the cam or
tappet wheel S, and also the form of the wheel, can be regulated so as to raise
the shuttle boxes at the proper time, and bring either the upper or lower one
level with the shuttle race. The weight of the boxes is itself sufficient to keep
them down when not raised up by the cam wheel S. I (Fig. 1) is the cap of
the lathe K, K; M is the cloth or work roller; N, the linen warp roller;
O, the stuffing warp roller; ✗, worsted warp roller, and W the dead roller,
over which the worsted warp passes before passing through the healds; P, P,
are the driving pullies, and T, T (Fig. 2), the weaving tappet levers for
working the jacks C, C. U is a driving wheel, on the axle of which is a
wheel g for actuating the weaving tappets; and V (Fig. 3) is the tappet and
star, wheel, for working the picker leg by means of rods and levers in the
ordinary manner; and Z, Z, are the rods or straps which connect the lathe
with the crank of the driving shaft, and whereby it is actuated. The tappet
wheel g is constructed in such a manner as to cause the tappet levers, and
through them the jacks, and consequently the healds, to rise and fall in
any given order of succession.
The arrangement required for the production

page_text: of each of the above-mentioned fabrics will be more minutely described here-
after. The linen and woollen warp rollers are each of them furnished with
weighted levers h, h, to regulate the tension of the warps.
Fig. 4, in the Drawing, represents a perspective view of the working parts
of the loom divested of the framing; and as the same letters of reference denote
corresponding parts in all the Figures, it will be unnecessary to give any
further description of this Figure. I will therefore proceed to. describe the
operations of the headles and shuttles, reference being had to the Diagrams.in
Sheet I., as, by an attentive examination of these Diagrams and the accompany-
ing explanation any practical weaver will be able with facility to arrange the
loom for producing any of the before-mentioned fabrics.
Diagram No. 1 represents the mode of working the healds and shuttles for
producing the fabric in imitation of Brussels carpet, a Diagram section of which
is seen at A. To make this fabric only four healds are required. The line a
represents the worsted warp, the line 6 the linen or cotton stuffing warp, and
the lines c and d the linen warp or ground chain. The warps are supposed to
be in the position ready to begin work, that is, with the woollen warp a up, as
marked at first operation with a small circle in Diagram, and the shuttle must
be so arranged as to throw the woollen shoot or weft first; as marked W in
the Diagram, and when this is beaten up (which operation of course takes.
place every time either shuttle is thrown); second, the headle, with part of the
linen warp, and marked c in the Diagram, is drawn up, a having been taken
down; then the linen shoot L is thrown in in the direction of the arrows >
third, headle c'then goes down, and a, b, and d come up, and the linen.
shoot L is thrown back. Fourth, then headle a is drawn up, and b, c, and, d
taken down, and the woollen shoot W returns. Fifth, then linen warp d
is drawn up, a, b, and c being down; the linen shoot L is again thrown, and,
sixth, a, b, and c are raised, d being taken down, and the linen shoot. L. is
thrown in the opposite direction, and the course is completed, and the opera-
tions continue in the same order.
In Diagram No. 2 there are six healds, as shewn in the perspective view
Fig 4. As this fabric, which is shown in the sectional Diagram B, requires six
healds to produce it, in this case there are three woollen healds a, b, and c,
and three linen ones, d, e, and f. The healds are represented both in the
Diagram at operation first, and in the perspective view as ready to commence
work, that is, with the three woollen healds up and the three linen ones down,
thereby separating the two materials comprising the fabric from one another.
The woollen shoot is first thrown in and beaten up; second, then healds a, b;
and fare drawn up, c, d, and e being down, and a linen shoot L is thrown.

page_text: Third, then healds a, b, c, d, and e, are drawn up, f being down; and
the linen shoot L is thrown back again in the opposite direction, as shewn
by the arrow. Fourth, then a, b, c, are drawn up, and d, e, f, taken down, and
the woollen shoot thrown a second time. Fifth, healds b, c, d, are drawn up,
and a, e, f, taken down, and the linen shoot L thrown. Sixth, headles a, b, c,
e, f, are np, and d is down, and the linen shoot L is thrown back again.
Seventh, then, as at the commencement, a, b, c, are up, and d, e, f, down, and
another woollen shoot is thrown in. Eighth, a, c, e, are up, and b, d, f, down, and
the woollen shuttle is thrown. Ninth, a, b, c, d, f, are up,'e down, and the
linen shoot is thrown back again, which completes the course..
Fifth, draw up a c, bd
In order to produce fabric No. 3 the shuttles are arranged in the same
manner as in the former instance, but only four healds are required, (viz.,) two
worsted or woollen a, b, and two linen d. The first operation' is to draw up
half the woollen warp as a and throw in the wollen weft or shoot. Second,
bring up the other half 6 of the woollen warp and d of the linen warp, and
throw the linen-shoot L. Third, draw up healds a, b, c, the other one, d, being
down, and throw. the linen shoot. L back again. Fourth, draw up b, a'c'd
being down, and throw the woollen weft W again.
boing down, and throw the linen weft L. Sixth, then raise a, b, and d,and
carry down ; then throw the linen weft back again, and the fabric is
completed, as shewn in the sectional Diagram C. The fabric shewn in the
sectional Diagram D is somewhat similar in appearance to the one just
described. It is made by a similar arrangement of shuttles and the same
number of healds. The explanation of the Diagram No. 4 is as follows:
First, the worsted or woollen warp a, b, is drawn up, the linen warp c, d,
carried down, and the woollen shoot W thrown. Second, healds b and d are
drawn up, and a and c taken down; the linen shoot is then thrown. Third,
a, b, c, healds are raised, and d lowered, and the linen weft or shoot returned.
Fourth, the woollen warp a, b, as at first, is drawn up, and the linen onc c, d,
carried down; the woollen shoot is again thrown. Fifth, then a and c are
raised, and b. and d taken down, and the linen shoot thrown. Sixth, a, b, and d
are raised, c being down, and the linen shoot thrown back again, and the course
is completed.
I would here remark that these fabrics may be made either in a hand or
power loom; and "although I have shewii in the Drawings all the necessary
appendages of a power loom, yet it will be evident, by referring to the per-
spective view, in which all the principal parts are shewn, that all the operations
can be easily effected by the ordinary treadles in place of the tappets of the
power loom.

page_text: The second part of my Invention relates to the production of fabrics with a
cut pile, or such as are known as Wilton or Axminster carpets or rugs.. The
ordinary mode of making some of these fabrics is to weave the pattern in by
means of a Jacquard apparatus, and pass the woollen warp over a rod or tag;
which is afterwards cut out by passing a suitable knife along. it, thereby pro-
ducing the cut pile. In manufacturing rugs the process is still more tedious
and costly, as the pattern-threads are put in by hand. This mode of making
cut pile and other carpets, or similar fabrics has, however, been much simplified
by the employment of a printed warp, which when woven over wires, and the.
surface afterwards cut, produces a fabric with an ornamental design scarcely if at
all inferior in appearance to that produced by the old but more tedious process.
The object of the present-Invention is to produce a similar fabric, but in a
different, improved, and, as I believe, a more economical manner;: as a loom
constructed according to my improvements can be driven by power, as I
altogether dispense with the use not only of the. Jacquard apparatus, but also
with the employment of wires or tags to form the pile. By my improved plan
the pattern or design and surface of the fabric is produced from the weft in
place of the warp as heretofore. For this purpose the weft is made to consist
of thick woollen shoot, which must be printed or stained with suitable:colors;
precisely as the 'woollen warps' have been heretofore done.. The woollen.shoot;
when thrown in is, by means of suitably-formed hooks, pulled up and formed
into loops, which, when they are properly secured to the foundation or ground
of the fabric, are afterwards cut by means of knives or cutting instruments
with which the hooks are furnished for the purpose of releasing them from the
loops and producing the cut pile.
..;
In Sheet V. of the accompanying Drawings 'I have shewn various views
of the machinery or apparatus which I'employ to produce this fabric.
Fig. 5 represents a front view of that part of a loom with which my improve-
ments are 'connected; Fig. 6 is a vertical section of the same. a, a, is: the
framework of the loom; b, b, the bottom lathe or slay; c, c, the double: shuttle
boxes'; d, d, the shuttles, one of which is furnished with a woollen weft.or
shoot to form the pile, and the other with a linen one to form the ground:;
e is the main or driving shaft; the cranks of whichtare connected to the batten
or lathe by means of connecting rods or straps f. f. Upon the driving shaft:
is mounted a small toothed wheel g, which gears into and drives 1.another
toothed wheel h, mounted on the shaft i, and twice the size tofothe smaller
wheel g. On the shaft i (see Figs. 5 and 6) are also mounted two other
wheels j,*, with teeth round a portion only of their.circumference. The teeth
of these wheels are intended, at proper intervals, to take into the teeth of the

page_text: small wheels k, k*, mounted on the horizontal shaft . It will be seen by
referring to Fig. 6 that the wheels k, k*, like those marked j, j*, are only
furnished with teeth round a portion of their circumference; on the shaft / are
also mounted large pullies m, m. These pullies are connected by cords p, q,
to a roller o, which I have denominated the lifting roller; the cords' or
ropes p, q, are guided and kept in the proper positions by the loose pullies r, r, r, r.
A horizontal bar or rail s extends across the front of the machine for the lifting
roller o to run upon, and t is a round rod or bar, also extending across the
front of the loom, for the purpose of guiding the lifting roller o in its proper
course, and preventing it from running off the rail s. u, u, u, u, are a series
of hooks, also shewn detached and upon an enlarged scale at Figs. 7, 8, and 9.
These hooks are furnished with knives or cutting blades u*, and placed in front
of the batten b, as shewn in the Drawings at Figs. 5 and 6. The lower ends
of these hooks u are passed down between the warp threads v, just in front of
the work, and enter notches cut in the lower horizontal beam of the batten b.
The upper ends of these hooks are slotted and are suspended from a rod w,
which is passed through the slots for the purpose. This rod w rests upon the
horizontal bar w*, which, as well as another horizontal bar w below, is notched
so as form comb bars, and serve to guide the hooks u as they rise and fall, and
thus to keep them in their proper positions. In order that the construction of
the hooks u, u, and their appendages may be clearly understood, they
are shewn detached and upon an enlarged scale at Figs. 7, 8, and 9.
The operation of the loom is as follows:-Having formed the shed in
the ordinary way by means of the healds, and thrown the shuttle containing
the linen weft, and the cranked shaft e being made to revolve in the direction
of the arrow, the batten or lathe will beat up the linen shoot that has just
been thrown, and another shed of the warps must be formed, and the shuttle
containing the worsted shoot thrown. The hooks u, which during the last
beat up of the linen shoot were resting upon the bar w³, as shewn in Figs. 8
and 9, are now caused to drop down between the warp threads and the positions
shewn in Figs. 5 and 6, and a short beat up of the batten takes place, which
must be just sufficient to place the worsted shoot on the lower end or toothed
part of the hooks u, u; then the hooks are to be drawn up one after another by
means of the lifting roller o, in the manner hereafter described, and the woollen
weft will, by this operation, be pulled up into loops, as shewn in the enlarged
detached views Figs. 7 and 8. The hooks u, u, are raised as before stated by
the lifting roller o, and this is made to travel across the machine by commu-
nicating motion to the large wheels j, *; upon the shaft i by means of the
toothed wheels g and h; and as the wheels j, *, take alternately into the teeth

page_text: of the small wheels k, k*, on the shaft I, immediately after every throw of the
worsted shoot, thereby causing them, with the pullies m or n, to revolve rapidly,
the lifting roller o will, by means of the cords p or q,. be made to fly along the
bar s in front of the loom, and act against the under sides of the horizontal pro-._
jections 1 of the upper parts of the hooks u, u, and raise them up; and as the
hooks are raised they are forced forward by the springs a, and made to catch or..
lodge upon the bar w', where they remain suspended until they are removed by
the lathe in the manner to be described. It should be understood that the
shaft is fixed and does not revolve, and that the wheels and pullies k and m, and
kand n, are mounted on hollow shafts, which revolve loosely upon the shaft /,
and consequently independent of each other; so that when the teeth of the.
wheel j, for instance, have worked out of gear or passed the teeth of the small
wheel k, and brought the lifting roller o across the loom, as in Fig. 5, the cord
attached to the other pulley n will cause that pulley to revolve, and bring the.
teeth of the wheel into a position to be acted upon by the wheel,* as it
comes round, which will be the case immediately after the next woollen shoot
is thrown, and laid upon the hooks u, u, ready to be raised and formed into
loops. While the hooks a, u, have hold of the loops of the woollen weft,
and the hooks are suspended from the bar w', the shed is again changed,
and a shoot of linen is thrown, which, when closely beaten up, will bind and.
secure the woollen or worsted weft in its looped position, leaving it ready to be
cut or opened by the knives or cutting instruments of the hooks u, u.
This
cutting or opening of the loops is effected in the following manner: - To the.
swords of the batten 6 is affixed a. horizontal. cross piece y, the under side of
which is bevillel, and this piece y (when the batten 6 beats up) will come
into contact with and press down a lever z connected to the knife of the
hooks u, u, as seen in Fig. 9, thereby causing the blades or knives u*, u*, to
rise and cut through the weft, and open the loops to form the face of the fabric;.
when, as the batten 6 recedes, the edge of the piece y catches in a notch in the
ends of the lever z of the hooks u, and draws them forward off the bar w³,
when they will fall down by their own weight into the position shewn at
Figs. 5 and 6 ready to receive the next shoot of worsted as before. It has.
been stated that when the worsted shoot is thrown a short beat up of the.
batten is necessary for the purpose of placing it on the hooks, so that it may
be drawn.up by them to form the loops. This I effect by the following con-
trivance:-Upon the shaft i (see Figs. 5- and 6) are placed two cams 2, 3;
these cams (as the shafts i revolve) depress the levers 4 and 5, which, by means
of the rods 6 and 7, lower the pins of the connecting rods f, f, and cause them
to slide down the curved slots in the lower ends of the swords of the batten,

page_text: and by that means shorten the beat up of the batten: It will be evident to
any, intelligent mechanic, that the above arrangment may be variously modified,
and a like result obtained. For instance, the hooks may be constructed' and
worked in a very different manner to that shewn. In Figures 10 and 11:
I have shewn a modification of the above-described arrangement. In this case
it will be seen that the knife or moveable blade of the hook u is dispensed with,
and instead thereof the lower end or booked part of the hook u is made
with a knife edge, and is intended to cut the looop. The hooks are kept in their
proper positions by, a comb bar w' and the bar'w, which latter bar is not fixed,
but is pressed against the upper ends of the hooks by springs, as shewn in thio
Drawing. Instead of the small lifting roller o, which is made to run along the
bar s, for the purpose of raising the hooks as in the former instance, I hero
employ a large cam wheel.m,.mounted on the shaft n, which wheel is actuated
by the chain o, which chain is driven by a small pulley on the end of the
driving shaft.e, and as the cam wheel revolves the cams p of the wheel'm;
which is 'shewn detached in clevation at Fig. 11, come successively in contact
with the short ends of the horizontal levers q, q, and by.depressing these levers
thereby raise the hooks u, u.. to which they are connected a sufficient height
to form the loops and hold them in that position while the linen or binding
shoot is being thrown in and beaten up; by which time a second cam or pro-.
jection r, on the cam wheel m, comes round and further depresses tho short.
arms of the horizontal levers 7,.q, and thereby suddenly raises the hooks u, u,
a further distance to cut open the loops and release the hooks. As the other
parts of the loom are the same as those in the loom above described, no further
description will be necessary, except to say, that after the fabric is removed
from the loom it will be advisable to shear the surface in. order to render
it perfectly even. This operation may be effected in any ordinary shearing
machine.
.
Having now described my Invention, and the manner of carrying the sume
into effect, I would have it understood that, although in order that my
improvements may be more clearly understood I have in the foregoing
description considered it necessary to describe and explain the construction
and operation of various parts of looms which have been employed for similar
purposes, yet I do, not by any means intend to claim such parts as of my
Invention; I would also observe, that although I have. generally. described
woollen and linen warp and weft or shoot as the materials to be used in the
production of the above described fabrics, I do not intend to confine myself
exclusively to these materials, as cotton and other cheap materials may be
employed with great advantage in the production of some of the fabrics; nor

page_text: do I intend to confine myself rigidly to the precise arrangement of the threads
of which these fabrics are composed, as various arrangements or patterns may
be devised by any practical weaver, and made to produce similar fabrics,
having a woollen or cotton face and a linen ground; neither do I intend to
confine myself rigidly to the peculiar construction of parts herein set forth and
described, as all these points may doubtless be varied without departing from
the nature and object of my Invention. But that which I consider to be new,
and therefore wish to claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the production of a fabric in imitation of Brussels carpet, such as
that described at Diagrams Nos. 1 and A, in Sheet I., with a linen or cotton :
ground and a ribbed surface, consisting of woollen or cotton warp, with a
woollen or cotton stuffing shoot to form the rib.
Second, the various fabrics described in reference to Diagrams Nos. 2, 3, .
and 4, and B, C, and D, Sheet I., or any mere modifications thereof, in which
there is a strong linen or other ground combined with a woollen or cotton
surface, which may be ornamented by printing or otherwise.
Third, I claim making a cut pile fabric by drawing up the weft or shoot,
either plain or printed, by. means of hooks or other similar instruments, which
are afterwards made to cut the loops thus formed, and produce a cut pile.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Price Simcox, have hereunto
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.
GEORGE PRICE (L.s.) SIMCOX.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of May, in
the eleventh year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said
George Price Simcox came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery,
and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written.. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Sixteenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-eight.