AN. IMPROVED ECONOMIC BOILER FOR HOT-WATER APPARATUS FOR THE HEATING. AND ARE PERLIC BUILDINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Knight, of Burton-upon-Trent, in the
County of Stafford, Hot-water Engineer, for the Invention of "AN.
IMPROVED ECONOMIC BOILER FOR HOT-WATER APPARATUS FOR THE HEATING.
AND ARE PERLIC BUILDINGS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Knight at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
June 1865.
I, FREDERICK KNIGHT, of Burton-upon-Trent, in the County of Stafford,.
Hot-water Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ECONOMIC BOILER FOR HOT-WATER APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR THE.
HEATING OF HOTHOUSES, CHURCHES, AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS,"
follows (that is to say): -
My improvements consist of a rectangular grate or furnace composed of
tubes attached to a front which may be parallel at its base or curved, the said >
front being also hollow, and connected at its top end to a hollow cylinder, the
outer surface of which I prefer to be corrugated from end to end for the
purpose of increasing its surface, whilst the inside or concentric surface may
be plain or corrugated as preferred; and such corrugation may be opposite-
the exterior line of such corrugation or intermediate, and may be longitudinally.
or transversely. This annular or hollow cylinder is closed at its front end in.
that portion of it that fills up the space between the external corrugated surface
and the concentric surface within.. At the back end of this.cylinder and
rectangular grate a chamber is attached, formed by preference of boiler plate.

page_text: with an ingress waterway on its bottom and an egress waterway on the top;
this chamber I make of the combined form of my annular cylinder and the
grate before referred to, but shallow, that is not to extend far from the influence
of the fire, which has a flueway extending back from the grate, and rises up
to come forward through the cylinder before referred to; and from thence to
be conveyed around and back by flues in the brickwork to the stack or
chimney. The rectangular hollow front frame of the grate I connect by a
hollow pipe, tube, or casting to the hollow annular opening in the cylinder, thus
in action the tubes that surround the fire and the hollow corrugated annular
cylinder above as well as the flueway at the back of the grate are filled and
surrounded with water, so that the whole action of whatever combustibles may
be used is brought in immediate contact with the parts containing the water to.
be heated, and which according to the fire is speedily brought to a boiling point,
and maintained with a relative small proportion of coal or fuel. This heating
apparatus or boiler may be fitted up with metallic fittings in the front with a
door for supplying the fuel, as also a close fitting lid concentrically in front of
the cylinder to facilitate. its general cleaning in any convenient way according
to its position. And instead of the heat being carried back after coming
from the back to the front through the cylinder through flues formed around
or over the surface, it may return through an annular row of tubes occupying
a part of the space formed by the annular corrugated outside and intside lining
of the cylinder, thus the heating power may still be increased. And instead
of using a cylinder as described, that is parallel, it may be made with great
advantage smaller towards the front or closed end, as the heat will be more
confined while passing through its interior. In addition to the ingress and
egress ways herein-before mentioned, I purpose applying a tap to the front for
hot-water purposes, not that it forms any part of my improvements.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
.
by the said Frederick Knight in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
December. 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I; FREDERICK
KNIGHT, of Burton-upon-Trent, in the County of Stafford, Hot-water Engi-
neer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of June, in the year of. our Lord One-s
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her-

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Frederick Knight, Her special license that I, the said Frederick
Knight, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Frederick Knight, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ECONOMIC BOILER FOR HOT-WATER APPARATUS FOR THE HEATING OF HOTHOUSES,
CHURCHES, AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Frederick Knight, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Knight, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement (that is to say):-
My improvements consist of a rectangular grate or furnace composed of
tubes attached to a front which may be parallel at its base or curved, the
said front being also hollow, and connected at its top end to a hollow
cylinder, the outer surface of which I prefer to be corrugated from end to
end for the purpose of increasing its surface, whilst the inside or concentric
surface may be plain or also corrugated if preferred; and such corrugations
may be opposite the exterior line of such corrugation or intermediate, and may.
be longitudinally or transversely. This annular or hollow cylinder is closed
at its front end in that portion of it that fills up the space between the external
corrugated surface and the concentric surface within. At the back end of
the cylinder and rectangular grate a chamber is attached, formed either of
cast iron or of boiler plate, with an ingress waterway on its bottom, and an
egress waterway on the top; this chamber I make of the combined form of
my annular cylinder and the grate before referred to, but shallow, that is, not
to extend far from the influence of the fire, which has a flueway extending
back from the grate, and rises up to come forward through the cylinder before
referred to, and from thence to be conveyed around and back by flues in the
brickwork to the stack or chimney. The rectangular, hollow front frame of:
the
grate I connect by a hollow pipe, tube, or casting to the hollow annular
opening in the cylinder, thus in action the tubes that surround the fire and the.

page_text: hollow corrugated annular cylinder above, as well as the flueway at the back
of the grate, are filled and surrounded with water, so that the whole action
of whatever combustibles may be used is brought into immediate contact with
the parts containing the water to be heated, and which according to the fire is
speedily brought to a boiling point, and maintained with a relative small pro
portion of coal or fuel. This heating apparatus or boiler may be made with
metallic fittings in the front, and with a door for supplying the fuel, as also
a close fitting lid concentrically in front of the cylinder to facilitate its general
cleaning in any convenient way according to its position. And instead of the
heat being carried back (after coming from the back to the front through the
cylinder), it may pass through flues formed around or over the surface, and
may return through an annular row of tubes occupying a part of the space-
formed by the annular corrugated outside and inside lining of the cylinder.
Thus the heating power may still be increased, and instead of using a cylinder-
as described, viz., parallel, it may be made with great advantage smaller.
towards the front or closed end, as the heat will be more confined while passing
through its interior. In addition to the ingress and egress ways herein-before
mentioned I purpose applying a tap to the front for the purpose of drawing:
off hot water, not that it forms any part of my improvements, as will be:
understood from the following description of the Drawings hereunto annexed
(that is to coule

page_text: of Figure 1 marked with the same letter; and I will observe that not only, is
the tube G connected to the part D, but also the other tubes as exhibited in
Figure 1, and by the upper ends of the part D with the connecting. pipes
A and B to the annular chamber C in the front end; and by their open and
free ways to the back chamber H, H, which chamber is formed partly by the
plate I, I, terminating with a flange at J, J, for receiving a plate or cover,
here shown also in. section marked K, K, which has a corresponding flange
and holes for receiving the nuts and screws by which it is secured in position,
while the outer case F, F, F, (as before observed) is secured to the flange E,
as exhibited in Figure 1. Thus I obtain an open and direct flow or free way
through the tubes (which I call bar tubes, as they in reality form, as will be
hereafter seen, fire-bars for keeping the fuel together when in work,) and
annular chamber marked C, C, with the back chamber H, preserving it
all perfectly water-tight, and yet capable of separation for removal and con-
venient erection. The outside of the annular chamber I have represented
corrugated, while the inner one is plain, but by preference I recommend both
to be corrugated, as it not only increases the heating surface, but is calcu
lated with suitable arrangements in the draught way of holding the heat. In
the section, Figure 3, I have also represented the ingress pipe L and.egress
pipe M with flanges for connection to the pipes that may be carried around
the church, public hall, hothouse, or other building or erection required to be
heated with hot water, in preference to the dangerous, dusty, and objectionable
practice of heating such places with stoves or open grates. Figure 4 is &
transverse section taken through the dotted line c, d, of Figure 3, which
shows the general form of the back and flange plate E, with the seven hollow
bars on the bottom, and four tubes or fire-bars placed on each side. The
opening in the plate E at the bottom is made circular, as it is from that shape
better calculated for holding the fuel between the bars or tubes. Figure 5 repre-
sents a back view of my apparatus with not only the back recessed part F, F,
removed, but also the inner plate K, for the purpose of exhibiting the general
interior, in which view it will be seen that the lower portion of the annular
chamber C, C, C, is closed at this part, the necessity for which will be under-
stood by referring again to Figure 3, and for illustration we will
that
suppose
the apparatus has been set on a suitable foundation, such as brickwork, and
that the front has been fitted with a plate and fire-door, or fire-door and frame
only, and with the necessary setting or construction of flueway or ways. I will
further add that the apparatus being filled with water, and a fire made, the
free access of air between such fire-bars will soon actively increase the heat
by generally igniting the coals or other fuel, the flames of which will pass

page_text: away in the direction of the arrows into the back recess, to come forward
through the parallel or by preference slightly conical annular chamber to
enter a flue-way or ways carried over the top and down at the back, and if
necessary brought forward on the one side and returning on the other, and
repeated if space and convenience permit, so that all the heating qualities of
the coal may be applied or exhausted in and about the apparatus before
passing to the stack or chimney. I have not thought it necessary to show.
such brickwork setting, or the front plate or fire-door, as these appliances
may be varied and carried into effect in various ways according to the position
of the apparatus or taste of the setter, and in like manner the apparatus may
be manufactured of boiler plate in connected with welded wrought-iron tubes,
or partly of wrought iron and partly of cast, but I have found the latter to be
convenient both for cost and production.
Having thus given a general description of my Invention, and the best
manner I am in possession of for manufacturing or realizing the same, I wish
it understood that I do not limit myself to any particular size or form, as, for
instance, the tubular bars which I have represented are angularly arranged,
but they may be placed on a curve, and the annular chamber above may be
made square, octagonal, or other shape, without departing from the spirit of
my Invention; but what I claim, and wish to protect by these my in part
recited Letters. Patent is, "the manufacture of apparatus for the heating of
water for the purposes herein-before named by the construction of such appa-
ratus in the manner herein described and exhibited, or in other like equivalent
form or forms.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Knight, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
:
Witness,
WILLIAM LOACH,
Clerk to James S. Cockings,
Patent Agent,
Birmingham.
FREDERICK KNIGHT. (L.s.)