Improvements in or connected with Gas and other Hydro-carbon Engines and the Pistons (or Rings) thereof.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Feb., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 30th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 9th Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Gas and other Hydro-carbon
Engines and the Pistons (or Rings) thereof.
1 FRANZ WERTENBRUCH, of 390 Berridge Road, Hyson Green, Nottingham,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention has for object certain improvements in gas and other hydro-
carbon engines and relates mainly to movable piston rings or valves having
automatic action to close passages leading to a hollow trunk or a chamber in which
the explosions take place for acting against a larger piston, the chamber or hollow
trunk serving also as the receiving and the compression chamber.
For the purpose of my invention I prefer to make the trunk connecting the two
pistons hollow and by passages at the upper part I make communication with the
space in the larger diameter cylinder. The bottom of the trunk is smaller in
diameter than that of the cylinder in which it works and is encircled by a ring
piston or valve which fits the cylinder. This has free play within certain limits to
open passages through which the mixture has to pass and become compressed and
also to close the passages for the ignition and working or power stroke.
The piston rings proper may be of wire coiled and faced up.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said F. Wertenbruch.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Gas and other Hydro-carbon
Engines and the Pistons (or Rings) thereof.
1, FRANZ WERTENBRUCH, of 390 Berridge Road, Hyson Green, Nottingham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention has for object, certain improvements in gas and other hydro-
carbon engines and relates mainly to moveable piston rings or valves having
automatic action to close passages leading to a hollow trunk, or a chamber in which
the explosions take place for acting against a larger piston, the chamber or hollow
trunk serving also as the receiving and the compression chamber.
For the purpose of my invention, I prefer to make the trunk connecting the two
pistons hollow, and by passages at the upper part, I make communication with the
space in the larger diameter cylinder. The hollow of the trunk is smaller in
diameter than that of the cylinder in which it works, and is encircled by a ring,
piston, or valve which fits the cylinder. This has free play within certain limits
to open passages, through which the mixture has to pass and become compressed,
and also to close the passages for the ignition, and working, or power stroke.
My invention will be understood by the annexed drawings.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a vertical engine with the smaller piston at
the bottom, the larger being at top.
Figure 2 is a similar sectional eleration of an engine with the smaller piston at
top and the larger piston at the bottom.
Figures 3 and 4 are side elevation and sectional plan of a horizontal engine.
ID 071

page_text: Figures 5 to 8 show detached sectional views of the double pistons on a large
scale and adopted by me for the purposes of my invention.
In the cylinders a, a, Figures 1, 2, and 4, which show my invention in vertical
aud horizontal sections, works the double piston bc, of which the larger piston >>
has rings fitting to the larger diameter of the cylinder.
The smaller piston is connected with the piston 6 by means of a connecting
piece d forming a prolongation of the pistone and works free, that is having a
surrounding air space in the smaller diameter of the cylinder. The piston ring e,
sec Sheet 2, of the piston e has room to move in its bed in the direction of the
piston's travel and forms also a valve between the compression and ignition
chamber (which is formed in the hollow bore of the piston e and its prolongation
or trunk) and the lower part of the sinaller diameter of the cylinder. Below this
ring, the diameter of the piston is reduced, so as to form communication when the
ring valve is open.
At the other end of the chamber and below the piston b, ports f, f, in the side of
the trunk open into the wider diameter of the cylinder. When the piston starts
upwards from its lowest position, the valve ring e closes the inlets to d, and gas and
air are aspired below into the smaller diameter of the cylinder.
On the return stroke of the piston the gas and air inlet into the cylinder is
closed, the valve ring lying on the upper edge of the groove in which it moves,
establishes communication between d and the smaller part of the cylinder from
which latter, the mixture of gas and air is pressed into d; whence it drives the
residues of the preceding combustion into the larger part of the cylinder from
which they are further expelled. These residues are sufficiently expelled when
the descending piston has travelled about a third of its stroke more or less
according to the proportions of the cylinder, and crank, and the composition of
the mixture. At this point which can be regulated as desired, the exhaust valve
is closed. The piston proceeding on its travel, the mixture contained in the space
below the larger piston in the space d, and in the space below the smaller piston is
compressed into the space d, which latter contains the whole of the mixture when
the piston has completed its down or in stroke. In this position, a small channel
just above the valve ring e communicates with the ignition port g, so that the
explosion now takes place.
The exploded and expanded mixture passes by means of the ports in the upper
sides of d under the larger piston and drives it upwards, the exhaust valve being
closed until the commencement of the return stroke which is effected in the manner
and with the results above described.
My invention may also be applied to a horizontal engine with suitable alterations
in detail without affecting the principle thereof. It may also be constructed as a
petroleum engine, the crank being at the base or lower end of the engine, as shown
in Figure 2, and may then be preferably constructed on the Beau de Rochos cycle
instead of having an explosion at every revolution as previously described.
In this case, the working of the engine will be as follows:-
The smaller and now upper piston e aspires or draws in air. On the return or
up stroke the residues of the previous combustion are expelled by the piston b
through the exhaust valve, which now is left open during the whole of the up
stroke. On the next down stroke, air mixed with petroleum vapour is aspired
compressed on the up stroke and exploded at the commencement of the following
down stroke in the manner above described relative to the vertical gas engine. By
exploding at every other revolution only, a complete expulsion of the residues of
combustion is obtainable, but where this is not required, the form first described
for gas may also be used for petroleum having an explosion once in every
revolution.
The space d need not necessarily be formed in the trunk of the piston c but the
two pistons may be connected, as shown in Figure 7 by means of a solid connecting
rod of suitable diameter, the space round which may be used as a compression
and explosion chamber.

page_text: The details of construction, especially of the valve on the smaller piston may
be varied in various ways, some of which are shown on Sheet 2. Figure 5 is a
moving circular valve furnished with two piston rings. Figure 6 shows the
arrangement chosen for Figures 1 and 2 on a larger scale. Figure 7 shows how
the two pistons may be connected by means of a solid connecting rod. Figure 8
shows an ordinary inlet valve.
Simple construction; possibility of obtaining any initial pressure desired;
utilization of the expansion to any degree desired by proportioning the dimensions
of the pistons. Even running.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of two pistons of different diameters and a connecting piece,
within or around which the compression and explosion take place, as described.
2. In gas engines with double (differential) piston, providing an internal axial
chamber with inlet valve in the smaller piston, and open outlet into the larger
diameter cylinder below the larger piston combined with an outlet for exhaust
gases situated in the larger diameter of cylinder, as shown, and controlled
mechanically to determine the amount of products of combustion to be left in the
internal axial chamber, as set forth.
1
CAT
11001
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Franz Wertenbruch.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Franz Wertenbruch.