AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING SECRET MESSAGES BY ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING SECRET
MESSAGES BY ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH." A communication from
abroad by Albert Francis Johnson and Frank Benjamin Johnson, both of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1881.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING SECRET MESSAGES BY ELECTRO MAGNETIC
TELEGRAPH." [A communication from abroad by Albert Francis Johnson and
Frank Benjamin Johnson, both of Brooklyn, New York, United States of
America, Gentlemen.]
-
This Invention relates to an improved method of and apparatus for transmitting
secret messages by electro-magnetic telegraph instruments over ordinary telegraph
wires.
When this method is adopted the contents or purport of a message
cannot be ascertained by a third party who may be in charge of the receiving
instrument, or who may be watching its operations, but is disclosed only to the
person to whom it is sent, the message being received by the latter printed on a
strip of paper in transverse lines sealed and addressed; therefore I provide the
means for transmitting postal matter by electric telegraph with the same speed
that ordinary telegraphic dispatches are sent, and with the same privacy and
secrecy as though it were sent through the post in the ordinary manner of sending
written communications. And by this improved method and apparatus two
persons, although strangers to each other and hundreds of miles apart, can carry
on and in a few minutes complete a correspondence which would require days or
even weeks to accomplish by mail, while the persons in charge of the transmitting
Price 1071

page_text: and receiving instruments remain as completely in ignorance of the contents or
purport of the message as post office employees are ignorant of the contents of the
letters which pass through their hands. Furthermore, by this method the necessity
for cypher telegraphing, which is very expensive, is entirely obviated for the reasons
above stated, namely, that the messages are not disclosed to the operators in charge
of the instruments.
In the practice of this method of telegraphing three special instruments are
ordinarily used. By the first of these instruments the person who wishes to send
a message himself prepares it for transmission by means of indentations or bosses
made by the said machine on a strip of paper by the second instrument. This
indented strip when passed through the same causes the third or relieving instru-
ment, with which it is connected by ordinary telegraph line wires, to operate
automatically to receive and print the message; and by the last named instrument
the message is received printed in ordinary alphabetical characters while concealed
from view, enclosed, or sealed up and addressed ready for delivery. Each of these
instruments or machines can be operated by any person of ordinary intelligence,
although totally unacquainted with the management of ordinary telegraph
instruments.
The instrument for preparing the message has a disc-wheel, on the periphery of
which are marked in regular order the letters of the alphabet, together with
numerals up to 10, and the usual punctuation characters. Connected and moving
therewith on the same shaft is a toothed wheel having teeth equal in number to
the said characters and coinciding therewith, which wheels are rotated by hand.
There is a series of punching rods for making four lines of indentations on the
strip of paper, and there is also a feeding device by means of which the said strip
is fed longitudinally through the instrument, and over a plate or rigid surface
immediately under said rods from a suitable spool or reel as the said indentations
are made. Three of these punching rods are pivoted at their upper ends to a
series of three reciprocating arms actuated by three levers. One of these levers is
provided at its other end with a pallet or click by means of which the rod connected
therewith is depressed, and makes an indentation as each tooth on the said wheel
passes the said pallet when turning the wheels to bring the required letter into
position under an index fixed on the disc wheel. The second lever is depressed by
hand whenever the required letter is brought into position, and thereby causes the
second of these rods to make an indentation on the second line of indentations,
and whenever this lever is depressed-it-also-depresses-the-third-lever,-which-causes
the third rod to make an indentation on the third line of indentations; but this
third lever has also an independent movement, and is separately depressed once at
the end of each word by hand. The first named line of indentations when passed
through the transmitting machine brings into circuit the electro magnet on the
receiving machine, to the armature of which is connected mechanism that causes
the rotation of the printing wheel in the latter machine. The second line of
indentations brings into circuit the magnet on the latter machine or instrument,
the armature of which brings the impressing roll against the printing wheel; and
the third line of indentations brings into circuit the magnet on said instrument, the
armature of which operates mechanism to effect the transverse movement of the
printing wheel on the same. The indentations on the fourth line are made by
the fourth rod, and when passed through the transmitting instrument bring into
circuit the magnet whose armature operates the longitudinal feed of the strip upon
which the message is printed. This rod is pivoted to a reciprocating arm that is
actuated by two separate sets of mechanism, one of which operates automatically
to make indentations; and when the printing wheel has been moved transversely a
sufficient number of times to complete a line of printing, causes the printed strip
to move longitudinally the space between lines of printing and the other set of
mechanism is moved by hand at the end of the message, making indentations
which cause the longitudinal movement of the strip for a sufficient space between
the message and the address; and after the address has been printed the last.

page_text: named manipulation is repeated to move forward the strip to receive the next
messages, as hereinafter set forth.
The second or transmitting instrument has a drum or cylinder over which the
indented strip is passed from some suitable device for holding the same, that
surface of said strip which was uppermost in the preparing instrument is placed
on the periphery of the drum, so that the indentations form bosses which project
upward from the surface, and four levers are pivoted to swing vertically, their
upper ends resting upon the paper each directly over one of the lines of bosses,
and the lower ends, when one of said bosses passes underneath them, making
contact each with a pair of a double series of posts. Both series of these posts
are insulated from the platform upon which they are secured, and in one sense the
posts insulated from each other are each connected with the positive pole of an
ordinary battery, and with one of the magnets on the receiving instrument by
means of ordinary telegraph line wires; and those of the other series are con-
nected with each other and the negative pole of said battery, and by line wires
with the receiving instruments. When the upper end of such lever is raised its
lower end makes contact with one of each series of posts. These levers are there-
fore circuit breakers, and whenever one of the bosses passes underneath one of
them it brings into circuit one of the magnets on the receiving instrument.
In the third or receiving instrument suitable mechanism is connected with the
armatures of the several magnets, and operated thereby to produce the required
effects whenever the said magnets are severally brought into circuit. The printing
or type wheel is provided on its periphery with characters corresponding in kind
and order with those on the preparing instrument, and is arranged to print in
transverse lines across the strip of paper which is fed longitudinally forward. The
longitudinal movement of the strip is effected by a pair of feed rollers, which are
rotated by mechanisin attached to the armature of one of the magnets, as above
specified. One of the said rollers has bearings in the frame of the machine, and
the other or upper roller has bearings in a pair of spring arms secured to the frame.
Rivetted to the said arms is a plate or shield which conceals the printing on the
strip from view. This shield cannot be removed without stopping the feed. The
strip as it is printed is rolled upon a quill or short cylinder rotated through the
medium of suitable mechanism by the lower feed roller, and when the message is
completed is sealed by means of a gun or mucilage cup suspended at the end of a
vibrating frame. The said cup is brought in contact with the paper by means of
a rod and lever, and a knife is secured to the said frame for cutting the strip.
Suitable devices are provided for guiding the quills into position and removing the
same; and by the conjoint action of the several parts the message is printed in
transverse lines upon the strip as the latter is fed longitudinally through the
instrument while concealed from view, and is rolled upon the said quill and sealed
before being removed.
By a slight modification of the said apparatus the intended strip may be
dispensed with, and in this case the greater part of the mechanism of the
transmitting instrument is also dispensed with, and the remainder added to the
preparing instrument, and parts of the latter are dispensed with, so that it may be
used as a transmitting instrument. This modification consists in omitting the
punching rods and feeding mechanism of the preparing instrument, and using in
connection with the latter the double series of the aforesaid posts forming part of
the transmitting instrument, a set of rods operated by the levers of the preparing
instrument being employed to make contact with these posts for the purpose of
bringing the several magnets of the receiving instrument into circuit, so that the
message is transmitted by manipulating the preparing instrument, as above
described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Williain Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd March 1882.
-
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING SECRET MESSAGES BY ELECTRO MAGNETIC
TELEGRAPH." A communication from abroad by Albert Francis Johnson and
Frank Benjamin Johnson, both of Brooklyn, New York, United States of
America, Gentlemen.
This Invention relates to an improved method of and apparatus for transmitting
secret messages by electro-magnetic telegraph instruments over ordinary telegraph
wires. When this method is adopted the contents or purport of a message cannot
be ascertained by a third party, who may be in charge of the receiving instrument
or who may be watching its operations, but is disclosed only to the person to whom
it is sent, the message being received by the latter printed on a strip of paper
in transverse lines, sealed and addressed; thus I provide means for transmitting
postal matter by electric telegraph at the same speed at which ordinary telegraphic
despatches are sent, and with the same privacy and secrecy as though it were sent
through the post in the ordinary manner of sending written communications; and
by this improved method and apparatus two persons, although strangers to each
other and hundreds of miles apart, can carry on and in a few minutes complete a
correspondence which would require days or even weeks to accomplish by mail,
while the persons in charge of the transmitting and receiving instruments remain
as completely in ignorance of the contents or purport of the message as post office
employees are ignorant of the contents of the letters which pass through their
hands. Furthermore, by this method the necessity for cypher telegraphing, which is
very expensive, is entirely obviated for the reasons above stated, namely, that the
messages are not disclosed to the operators in charge of the instruments.
In the practice of this method of telegraphing three special instruments are
ordinarily used. By-the-first-of-these-instruments the person who wishes to send
a message himself prepares it for transmission by means of indentations or bosses
made by the said machine on a strip of paper; by the second instrument this
indented instrument when passed through the same causes the third or receiving
instrument, with which it is connected by ordinary telegraph line wires, to operate
automatically to receive and print the message; and by the last named instrument
the message is received printed in ordinary alphabetical characters while concealed
from view enclosed or sealed up and addressed ready for delivery. Each of these
instruments or machines can be operated by any person of ordinary intelligence,
although totally unacquainted with the management of ordinary telegraph
instruments.
The instrument for preparing the message has a disc-wheel, on the periphery of
which are marked in regular order the letters of the alphabet, together with
numerals up to 10, and the usual punctuation characters. Connected and moving
therewith on the same shaft is a toothed wheel, having teeth equal in number to
the said characters and coinciding therewith; these wheels are rotated by hand.
The instrument is also provided with a series of punching rods for making four
lines of indentations on the strip of paper; and a feeding device by means of
which the said strip is fed longitudinally through the said instrument, over a plate
or rigid surface immediately under the said rods from a suitable spool or reel as
the said indentations are made. Three of these punching rods are pivotted at their
upper ends to a series of three reciprocating arms actuated by three levers. One

page_text: of these levers is provided at its other end with a pallet or click, by means of
which the rod connected therewith is depressed and makes an indentation at each
tooth on the said wheel, passes the said pallet when turning the wheels to bring
the required letter into position under an index fixed on the disc wheel. The
second lever is depressed by hand whenever the required letter is brought into
position, and thereby causes the second of these rods to make an indentation on
the second line of indentations, and whenever this lever is depressed it also
depresses the third lever, which causes the third rod to make an indentation on
the third line of indentations; but this third lever has also an independent move-
ment, and is separately depressed, once at the end of each word, by hand. The first
named line of indentations when the strip is passed through the transmitting
machine brings into circuit the electro magnet on the receiving machine, to the
armature of which is connected mechanism that causes the rotation of the printing
wheel in the latter machine; the second line of indentations brings into circuit the
magnet on the latter machine or instrument, the armature of which brings the
impressing roll against the printing wheel; and the third line of indentations
brings into circuit the magnet on the said instrument, the armature of which
operates mechanism to effect the transverse moment of the printing wheel on the
same. The indentations on the fourth line are made by the fourth rod, and when
passed through the transmitting instrument bring into circuit the magnet, whose
arinature operates the longitudinal feed of the strip upon which the message is
printed. This rod is pivotted to a reciprocating arm that is actuated by two
separate sets of mechanism, one of which operates automatically to make inden-
tations, and when the printing wheel has been moved transversely a sufficient
number of times to complete a line of printing causes the printed strip to move
longitudinally the space between the lines of printing; and the other set of
mechanism is moved by hand at the end of the subject matter of the message.
making indentations which cause the longitudinal movement of the strip for a
sufficient space between the message and the address, and after the address has
been printed the last named manipulation is repeated to move forward the strip to
receive the next message, as hereinafter set forth.
The second or transmitting instrument has a drum or cylinder, over which the
indented strip is passed from a suitable device for holding the same, that surface of
the said strip which was uppermost in the preparing instrument being placed on
the periphery of the drum, so that the indentations form bosses, which project
upward from the surface and four levers are pivoted to oscillate vertically, their
upper ends resting upon the paper each directly over one of the lines of bosses, and
their lower ends when the said bosses passes underneath them making contact,
each with one pair of a double series of posts. Both series of these posts are
insulated from the platform upon which they stand, and the posts of one of the
said series are insulated from each other, and are each connected with one of the
magnets on the receiving instrument by means of ordinary telegraph line wires.
The posts of the other series are connected with each other and with the negative
pole of a battery and by line wire with the receiving instrument. When the upper
end of each lever is raised its lower end makes contact with one of each series of
posts. These levers are therefore circuit breakers, and whenever one of the bosses
passes underneath one of them it brings into circuit one of the maguets on the
receiving instrument.
In the third or receiving instrument suitable mechanism is connected with the
armatures of the several magnets and is operated thereby to produce the required
effects whenever the said magnets are severally brought into circuit. The printing
or type wheel is provided on its periphery with characters corresponding in kind
and order with those on the preparing instrument, and is arranged and operated to
print in transverse lines across the strip of paper, which is fed longitudinally
forward. The longitudinal movement of the strip is effected by a pair of feed
rollers, which are rotated by mechanism attached to the armature of one of the
said magnets; one of these rollers has bearings in the frame of the machine and

page_text: the other or upper roller has bearings in a pair of spring arms secured to the frame.
Rivetted to the said arms is a plate or shield, which conceals the printing on the
strip from view. This shield cannot be removed without stopping the feed. The
strip as it is printed is rolled upon a quill or short cylinder rotated through the
medium of suitable mechanism by the lower feed roller, and when the message is
completed it is sealed by means of a gum or mucillage cup suspended at the end
of a vibrating frame; the said cup is brought in contact with the paper by means
of a rod and lever, and a knife is secured to the said frame for cutting the strip.
Suitable devices are provided for guiding the quills into position and removing the
same, and by the conjoint action of the several parts the message is printed in
transverse lines on the strip as the latter is fed longitudinally through the
instrument while concealed from view and is rolled upon the said quill and sealed
before being removed.
By a slight modification of the said apparatus the indented strip may be
dispensed with, and in that case the greater part of the mechanism of the
transmitting instruinent is also dispensed with and the remainder added to the
preparing instrument, and parts of the latter are dispensed with, so that it may be
used as a transmitting instrument. This modification consists in omitting the
punching rods and feeding mechanism of the preparing instrument and using in
connection with the latter the double series of posts, herein before described as
forming part of the transmitting instrument, a set of rods operated by the levers
of the preparing instrument being employed to make contact with the said posts
for the purpose of bringing the several magnets of the receiving instrument into
circuit, so that the message is transmitted by manipulating the preparing instru-
ment, as above described.
In the accompanying Drawings,
Figure 1 is a plan view of the "preparing machine," which also comprises the
mechanism for sending a message direct.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 3, an elevation of the opposite side of the same with parts omitted.
Figure 4, an elevation of the rear end of the same.
Figure 5, a transverse section on the line x, x, in Figure 3, and
Figure 6, a plan view of the plate over which the paper is passed to be
indented.
Figure 7 is a plan view of the "transmitting machine," and
Figure-8,-a-side elevation-of-the-same.-
Figure 9 is a plan view of the "receiving machine."
Figure 10, a side elevation.
Figure 11, an elevation of the opposite side.
Figure 12, a partial end view, and
Figure 13, a central transverse section of the same.
Figure 14 is a central longitudinal section of the "receiving machine'
modified form.
"
in a
Figures 15 and 16 respectively represent a portion of a message strip and the
devices for concealing the same while the message is being printed.
Figure 17 represents a diagram of electric circuits illustrating the connections
between the "transmitting machine" and the "receiving machine."
Figure 18 is a diagram shewing the electric circuits formed in the practical
working of the said Invention, and
Figure 19 shews a portion of a message strip covered by a second strip of
paper.
According to the said Invention the message is received by the person to whom
it is sent printed in the ordinary characters of the alphabet upon a strip of paper,
which before being taken from the "receiving machine" is sealed up and addressed.
Ordinarily the message is printed on a single strip of paper placed in the "receiving
machine," suitable mechanism and devices being provided therein for rolling the
said strip as it is printed upon a short tube or quill, to which it is gummed before

page_text: receiving the message, the other end of the strip being gummed upon the roll after
the message is printed and before the roll is taken from the machine.
But as a modification of this method devices are employed to gum a second strip
of paper over the one which has been printed (as shown in Figure 19), thereby
dispensing with the use of the quill.
In preparing a message for transmission by putting it into a form which is
unintelligible upon inspection the "preparing machine" is employed, which is so
constructed that it can be used by any person of ordinary intelligence, whether
skilled in operating telegraph instruments or ignorant of the art. P represents
the frame of the machine, and P₁ the case or cover in which it is enclosed, and
which is shewn in section in the Drawings; G represents a strip of paper upon
which the message is indented or impressed and which is held upon a reel H, and
is passed from thence over a plate e where it receives the impressions, and from
thence between a pair of feed rollers u*, and out of the machine at any convenient
point as at y; a is a disc wheel fixed upon a shaft I, upon the periphery of which
are marked the letters of the alphabet together with the ordinary punctuation,
characters, and numerals up to 10, if desired. Fixed upon the said shaft I and
rotating with the wheel a is a ratchet wheel f, having teeth equal in number to
the characters on the wheel a, each tooth being co-incident with one of the said
characters. The characters correspond in kind and number with those on the
printing wheel of the "receiving machine" and are placed in the same order; the
ratchet wheelf and wheel a are rotated by means of a pawl a pivotted on the
lever d, as hereinafter described; b, b', b, b³, are four upright rods for making the
impressions upon the strip G which pass through the box J', their upper ends
being immediately under the front ends of the pivotted levers c, c¹, c², c³, and their
lower ends when depressed forming indentations or impressions upon the strip G
which is fed over the plate e underneath them, each of them forming one of the
lines or series g, g¹, g², g³; and when the strip G is passed through the "trans-
initting machine," each of these indentations operates to bring into circuit one or
other of the electro-magnets on the "receiving machine," as hereinafter described;
d, d', d², are levers, having for their common fulcrum the transverse bar K, and
pivoted to the rear ends of the levers c³, c', and c², respectively for the purpose of
depressing the rods b³, b1, b2; f¹ is a ratchet wheel fitted loosely upon the shaft K,
which is rotated the space of one tooth at a time by means of a pawl i pivoted
upon the front end of an arm i, the latter being pivoted at its rear end upon the
shaft I; the said pawl i is operated by the lever d' through the medium of a pin i³
fixed upon the latter which works in a slot on the arm . A pin f is fixed upon
the hub or sleeve of the wheel f', which when the latter has made a complete
revolution strikes against a projection on the rear end of the arm c, thereby
lifting the rear end of the latter and depressing its front end, and also depressing
the rod b. This rod b is also depressed by the lever c, which like the levers c¹, c²,
cc, is pivoted on the bar J so that the said rod b is operated by both the levers c
and c, the object of which will be hereinafter explained. L. is an oscillating frame
pivoted on the bar J, having two downwardly projecting arms u³, one at each
end, at the lower ends of which are pivoted pawls us which rotate ratchet wheels u
fixed on each end of the lower feed roller u whenever the frame L is raised.
This frame is raised each time any one of the levers d, d', d³, d, is struck by means
of pins or set screws ; which pass through the top of the said frame, the lower end
of each resting upon the rear end of one of the levers c, c¹, c², c³, c, so that whenever
the rear end of any of the said levers is raised the lower ends of the arms u³ are
thrown back, which rotates the feed roller and feeds forward the strip G.
23
The message is printed by the "receiving machine" in consecutive lines trans-
versely across the message strip in page form, and the indentations made by the
rods b, b', 62, 63, when the strip is passed through the "transmitting machine
operate respectively through the medium of electric impulses to feed forward the
said message strip, to move the printing wheel transversely, to rotate the printing

page_text: wheel and cause it to repeat the movements of the letter wheel a, and to bring up
the platen or impressing roller.
The operation of the mechanism already described to prepare a message is as
follows, that is to say -The letter wheel a is first set with the last of the series of
characters marked thereon immediately under an index a located above an opening
in the top of the cover P, through which each character is seen as it comes under
the said index, and a pointer a³ fixed upon the shaft K which carries the hand
wheel is brought directly underneath another opening in the top of the case P¹,
the object of which will be hereinafter explained. An index 8 is also brought into
the position shewn in Figure 3 for the purpose of ensuring regularity in the move-
ments of the printing wheel transversely so that it shall be in position to commence
the message at the beginning of a line, the said index s being pivoted so that it
is raised into the required position at each revolution of the wheel f¹ which
operates the rod b automatically to make indentations for the purpose of moving
forward the message strip at the end of each line of printing. These adjustments
having been made the machine in position to indent the message, and the
manipulations are as follows, that is to say:-The wheel a is turned until the
'first letter of the message is brought under the index a², which is done by depressing
the lever a sufficient number of times to bring the said letter under the index.
Each stroke of the said lever raises the rear end of the lever c² (to which it is
pivoted) thereby depressing the front end of the latter and causing the rod 62 to
make one of the indentations g on the strip G, and these indentations g², when the
strip is passed through the "transmitting machine," each bring into circuit the
electro-magnet on the "receiving machine," the armature of which rotates the
printing wheel t in the latter machine, and thereby the said printing wheel is made
to rotate correspondingly with the wheel a, and repent the movements made by
the latter while the said indentations were being made. The characters or types
on the printing wheel t, as before stated, correspond in kind and in the order in
which they are placed to those on the wheel a; and when a message is to be
⚫ received the last of the series of characters on the wheel t is set immediately over
the impressing roller u (see Figure 13), and consequently these indentations by
operating the magnet which rotates the wheel t bring into position over the
impressing roller u the same letter that had been brought under the index, as
above described,
trans-
When the required letter has been brought under the index as the outer or rear
-ond-of-the lever d is depressed once, and the front end of the said lever being
pivoted to the rear end of the lever c³ and rod is thereby depressed-and-makes-
one of the indentations g³, which when the strip is passed through the
mitting machine" each bring into circuit the magnet on the "receiving machine,"
the arinature of which raises the impressing roller u against the printing wheel t,
and thereby prints that letter on the message strip G¹. A pin is fixed on the
lever immediately under a similar pin h¹ on the lever d, by which means the
lever d' is depressed at every depression of the lever d, and the lever being
pivoted at its front end to the rear end of the lever c' whenever it is depressed the
rod b' is caused to make one of the indentations g', which when the strip is passed
through the "transmitting machine" each bring into circuit the magnet on the
"receiving machine," the armature of which causes the transverse movement of
the printing wheel t through the space of one letter at each pulsation, so that
whenever the lever d is depressed one of the indentations g' is made simultaneously
with one of the indentations g³ the former for the purpose of moving the printing
wheel transversely a letter space, and the latter for the purpose of bringing up the
roller to print the letter.
After the first letter has thus been brought under the index a², and the rods b'
and 63 have each made an indentation as above described, the letter wheel a is
again turned by depressing the lever d a sufficient number of times to bring the
next letter in the message under the index.a?, and the lever d is then again

page_text: depressed as before, thus making two other indentations g₁ and g³, and a number
of the indentations g, equal to the number of letter spaces on the wheel a, between
the said two letters, and so on until the end of the first word is reached.
At the end of each word the lever d' (which moves independently of the lever d
as well as being moved by it) is depressed once by hand, whereby an additional
indentation g is made by the rod b' for the purpose of moving the printing
wheel transversely so as to leave a vacant space between words in the message
when printed.
The rod b makes indentations g, which when passed through the "transmitting
machine" bring into circuit the magnet on the "receiving machine," the armature
of which effects the longitudinal movement of the message strip G₁ to receive the
printing.
This rod b is operated by two separate sets of mechanism, one of which operates
automatically to make indentations for the purpose of moving the message strip
longitudinally whenever a line of printing thereon is completed, and bring it into
position to receive the next line of printing, and the other set of mechanism is
operated by hand to make indentations g for the purpose of moving the said strip
forward a sufficient distance to leave a space between the message and the address,
and also between the latter and the next message. The first set of mechanism
consists of the wheel f', pawl i on the arm i¹, and pin f³ above described.
The ratchet wheel f' has teeth equal in number to the letter spaces on each
transverse line of printing on the message strip G', and is rotated the space of one
tooth by each stroke of the lever d' through the medium of the pawl 2, which is
operated as above described, and at each revolution of the said wheel f¹ the pin ƒ³
strikes the projection on the end of the lever c', thereby lifting the rear end and
depressing the front end of the latter, and causing the rod b to make one of the
indentations g. The rod or pin 83 (see Figure 3) fixed in the hub or sleeve of the
wheel is arranged in such relation to the pins that it will bring the index 8
into the position shewn in Figure 3 the moment the said pin f³ has passed the
projection on the rear end of c, and the said index s being in this position when
commencing to indent a message, the wheel f¹ will make a complete revolution
before the pin f' again lifts the lever c*. By this means the regularity of the
printing upon the message strip G' is ensured; it being understood that the printing
wheel is always set in position to commence a line when a message is to be
received and printed; and thus whenever a line of printing is completed the strip G¹
is moved forward to receive another line.
The second set of mechanism consists of the following parts, that is to say:-
f is a toothed wheel rigidly fixed upon the shaft K and turned by means of a
crank or hand wheel, one complete revolution between the end of the message
and the address, and again another revolution after the address has been printed;
d is a lever rigidly secured to the rear end of the arm or lever c, and provided
with a click or pallet which falls between the teeth of the wheel f, so that as each
tooth of the said wheel passes the said click the rear end of the lever c is lifted
and its front end depressed, thereby causing the rod b to make an indentation g.
The rod b is provided with a cap on its upper end, which extends under both c and
ct, and is therefore depressed by the descent of the front end of either of the said
levers.
Whenever an indentation is made by any of the rods the strip G is moved
forward by means of the mechanism connected with the frame L and above
described. The wheel a may be turned by a crank instead of by the lever d², but
the latter method is preferable.
Before proceeding to describe the remaining parts of the "Preparing Machine,"
I will describe the method of transmitting and printing at the receiving station
the message prepared as above described, and the mechanism employed for these
purposes.
It will be readily apparent from the foregoing description that any person of
ordinary intelligence can prepare his own message, and thereby put it into a form

page_text: which is unintelligible to any other person; and the message thus prepared can be
sent at convenience by passing it through the transmitting machine.
The transmitting machine is shewn in Figures 7 and 8. k represents a drum or
cylinder having bearings in suitable supports F, and being provided with a
roughened or frictional surface on its periphery over which the prepared strip G is
passed. The latter is passed through the machine with that surface which was
uppermost while it was in the "Preparing Machine," resting upon the said drum
so that the indentations form bosses which project upward from the surface of the
paper. 1, 1, 12, 13, are a series of four levers pivoted on a transverse bar H¹ to
oscillate vertically, the upper ends of which are engaged so that one of the lines or
series of indentations g, g¹, g², g³, shall pass under each, and are provided with pins
or projections on their under surfaces which rest upon strip G as it is passing over
the drum, and the lever ends when depressed each make contact with one pair
of a double series of posts m, m³, m², m³, and n, n¹, n², n³, the ends of the said
levers making contact directly with the last named posts, and being provided with
wires which connect with the posts of the first mentioned series. The posts m,
m¹, m², m³, m¹, are insulated from the platform upon which they stand and from each
other, and the posts n, n¹, n³, n³, are also insulated from the platform, but are con-
nected with each other by suitable means. The levers are also insulated. The
posts n, n, n², m³, are connected with the negative pole of the battery S, and the
posts m, m³, m², m³, are connected by line wires 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively with the
electro-magnets o, 01, 02, 0³, in the "Receiving Machine," the said line wires
extending from the sending station to the receiving station. As shewn in Figure 17
a line wire 5 connects the positive pole of the battery S with a binding screw W
on the "Receiving Machine," and thence connects with each magnet on the latter
as shewn by the dotted lines.
The strip G is held upon a reel E³ and from thence is passed over the drum k,
that surface of the same which was uppermost in the " Preparing Machine" being
next the surface of the said drum, so that the indentations form bosses g, I',
g2, g, which project upward from the surface of the paper and pass under the pins
on the levers 7, 11, 12, 18, thereby causing the upper ends of the said levers to rise
and their lower ends to make contact with posts n, n¹, n², n³, respectively.
Attached to the end of each lever is a thin copper wire which is connected with
one of the posts m, m³, m², m³, the lever being thus connected with m, lever l¹
with m', lever with m², and lever 13 with m³, thus closing the respective circuits
whenever any of the said levers make contact with their respective posts n, n¹,
n2, n. The post m is connected-by-line-wire-1-with-the-magnet.o_which effects.
the longitudinal movement of the message strip G¹; m¹, is connected by wire 2
with the magnet o¹ that effects the transverse movement of the printing wheel t;
m² is connected by wire 3 with the magnet o³ that effects the rotary movement of
the printing wheel, and m³ is connected by wire 4 with the magnet o³ which
operates the impressing roller u. These several levers 1, 11, 12, 13, therefore form
circuit closers, and whenever they make contact with their respective posts n, n',.
n², n³, they bring into circuit the several magnets with which they are respectively
connected, and thus by passing the indented strip G through the " transmitting
machine" the "receiving machine" is automatically operated to receive and print
the message indented upon the said strip in the "preparing machine"; 2 is a
curved plate for guiding the strip G over the drum k, a portion of the said plate,
as seen at m', is turned down so as to press against the surface of the drum and
thereby keep the strip G in contact with the latter; m³ is a plate or slide for
guiding the strip G from the said drum through an opening in the base T, and m³ is
a wire guide for conducting the said strip out of the machine; ³ are springs
attached to the lower ends of the levers to keep them from contact with the posts,
except when they are brought in contact with the same by means of the bosses on
the strip G.
The wire connections above described and shewn in Figure 17 are inserted to
shew the relative operations of the transmitting and receiving instruments, and are

page_text: applicable when the instruments are not far apart and when ground wires are not
used.
"
The "receiving machine is shewn in Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13, as adapted
to wind the printed message on a quill or cylinder, and in Figure 14 as adapted to
seal or gum a second strip of paper over the printed strip.
t is the printing wheel having characters or printing types corresponding to
those on the letter wheel a, as before stated, it is fixed upon a shaft t¹, and has
both a rotary movement and a transverse movement. Its rotary movement is
effected by the pulsations of the armature of the electro-magnet o which operates a
pallet pivoted to the said armature, the said pallet rotating a toothed wheel t
fixed upon the shaft t¹; this wheel has teeth corresponding in number to the
characters on the printing wheel t, and on the letter wheel a it is moved trans-
versely a letter space each time a letter is printed, and a similar space in addition
at the end of each word by means of a pallet which is pivoted to the armature of
the magnet o', and rotates a toothed wheel p one tooth at each stroke of the said
armature, the wheel p being fixed upon the same shaft as the pulley p' to which
one end of the cord p² is attached, the other end of the said cord being attached to
to the end of the shaft t. To the other end of the shaft t' a cord is attached
which passes over a pulley t, and is then attached to a spring t³, which
retracts the shaft t¹ whenever the printing wheel has reached the end of a line.
The shaft t slides in its bearings, carrying the printing wheel to and fro across the
frame of the frame of the machine, and at each of its ends is provided with a
swivel so that the shaft can rotate without twisting the cords attached thereto.
This transverse movement of the printing wheel is for the purpose of forming
proper spaces between the letters in each word, and between the words in the lines
of printing on the message strip G', as shewn in Figures 15 and 19, and suitable
devices are employed to release the pulley p¹ whenever the printing wheel has
reached the end of each line of printing, so that it can be run back by the action
of the spring t³ to commence another line. Any suitable devices may be employed
for this purpose, and in Figures 9, 10, and 12 is shewn one method in which it.
may be effected, which is as follows, that is to say, upon the same shaft with the
pulley p¹ and wheel p is secured a toothed wheel p7, a lever p³ (which is pivoted
near its rear end to an upright post p') is provided at its front end with a pawl.
that engages with the teeth of the wheel p, and holds the said wheel as well as
the wheel p and pulley pl while the pawl (which is pivoted to the armature of the .
magnet o¹) rotates the wheel p. These wheels p and p and the pulley p' make.
only about half revolutions, the wheel p having about twice the number of teeth.
that there are letter spaces in each line of printing; and whenever the printing
wheel has been moved transversely to the extreme end of a line, as above described,
a pin fixed upon the pulley p¹ or upon the wheel p strikes a pin ps secured upon the
lever p³, and releases both the wheels p and p' and permits the spring p³ to draw
back the shaft t¹, and the printing wheel is thus drawn back across the frame
into position to commence another line of printing. The strip G¹ upon which the
message is to be printed is wound upon a reel R³ journalled at the upper part of
the frame R, and its end is then passed over a bar w³ and between the printing
wheel t and the impression roller u, thence between a pair of feed rollers q¹ and q
to a quill or short tube to which it is gummed, and upon which it is wound as
the printing of the message proceeds. The feed rollers q¹ and q are rotated by
the armature of the magnet o through the medium of a lever 13 which is pivoted
at one end to the said armature, and provided at its other end with a pawl 14;
this pawl engages with the teeth of a wheel 12 fixed upon the end of the lower
roller q, and rotates the said wheel one tooth at each stroke of the said armature.
The upper roller q' is journalled at each end to a pair of spring arms 15, one of
which is secured to each side of the frame R, and which produce a sufficient.
degree of friction between the said rollers to ensure the strip being fed forward
with regularity the space between the lines of printing at each stroke of the said
armature. The quill q is inserted between the two inner ends of a divided shaft G.

page_text: having bearings in arms 7, and is held by the pressure of flanges 8, 8, provided at
the ends of the said shaft so that it rotates with them. This pressure is effected
by means of a pair of curved arms 9 pivoted to the frame, as shewn in Figures
9, 10, and 13, the inner ends of which are pressed toward each other by the force
of a spring 10 inserted between their outer ends, and are each provided with a
small longitudinal ridge or rib which fits under a shallow transverse groove formed
in each portion of the shaft 6, as shewn at z, so that the inner ends of the arms 9
are pressed toward each other, and the inner ends of the shafts 6 are corre-
spondingly pressed against the ends of the quill q, and thereby sufficient friction is
produced to ensure the quill q being rotated with regularity. The shaft 6 is rotated
by means of a pulley 11 secured upon one portion thereof, the said pulley being
driven by a corresponding pulley on the end of the lower roller q' by means of a
band which is sufficiently slack to slip on the pulley as the bulk of the roll on the
quill increases, so that the action of the feed rollers is not affected by its increasing
bulk. The impressing roller u is secured to the end of a pivoted frame 16, the
other end of which is attached to the armature of the magnet o³; this frame is
pivoted on the bar w, so that it is raised at its front end by each stroke of the said
armature, and presses the strip G' against the printing wheel t.
g
That portion of the strip G₁ that extends between the printing wheel t and quill
is entirely hidden from view by means of a plate or shield q' (shewn most plainly
in Figures 13 and 16) which extends across the frame R and between the printing
wheel and the quill above the strip G¹, and which is rivetted at its sides to the
spring arms 15, so that a person watching the movements of the instrument
cannot see the characters that have been printed on the strip; and this shield qº
cannot be removed without also removing the upper feed roller 22 (being rivetted
to it) consequently the instrument will not operate to print a message unless the
said shield is in its place. A second plate 29 is secured to the frame underneath
the shield q, over which plate the strip travels; 17 is a pivoted frame to the outer
end of which is secured a cup containing mucillage directly over the quill q.
Before printing a message this cup 18 is made to deposit a line of mucillage upon
the quill to seal or gum the end of the strip to the quill when it is fed forward;
the said cup being brought in contact with the quill by means of a hand lever 19
and rod 20, the latter being attached at one end to the frame 17 and at its other
end to the lever, as shewn by the dotted lines in Figure 10. After the subject
matter of the message has been printed the cup 18 is brought down by the lever
and deposits a line of mucillage upon the roll on the quill between the message and
the address. The address is then printed after the strip has been fed forward a
sufficient space, and then a third and longer stroke of the lever 19 is made which
brings the cutting edge of a knife 21, secured in the frame 17, down upon the
strip Gas it lies upon the plate 29 and cuts off the portion containing the despatch.
The printed message thus rolled upon the quill and sealed may then be taken from
the instrument, to do which the inner ends of the arms 9 are spread apart to
remove the pressure of the flanges 8, 8, from the quill and the latter then drops
therefrom. The arms 9 are thus spread apart by means of cords 23, 23, attached
one to each arin, which after being carried over pulleys 24, 24, pivoted to arms
secured to and extending from the frame R may be connected and carried to any
convenient point and the requisite force applied thereto by suitable means to
overcome the force of the spring 10, whenever the dispatch or roll is to be removed.
Pivoted to the arms 9 and operated thereby are two other pairs of arms 25 and
26, one pair located immediately above the other, the inner ends of each of which
extend underneath the quill q. The upper pair 25 are pivoted to move in the
same direction as the arms 9 simultaneously therewith, and are for the purpose of
supporting the quill q while it is being clamped by the arms 9 and they also press
against the underside of the roll and assist in securing its being wound smoothly
upon the quill. The lower pair 26 move simultaneously with the former but in..
the opposite direction and catch the quill as it falls and hold the same so that it
forms a support for the succeeding quill until it is clamped by the flanges 8, 8.
T

page_text: quills successively fall into position from a rack or hopper 30 (see Figuro 13)
secured to the frame R. From the above description it will be understood that
the message is printed in ordinary alphabetical characters in consecutive lines
running transversely across the message strip G', while the latter is being fed
longitudinally through the instrument; that the said strip after receiving the
impressions of the printing wheel is entirely hidden from view until it is rolled
upon the quill; and also that the dispatch is sealed up before it is taken from the
instrument.
The several armatures of the magnets are arranged in relation thereto in the
ordinary manner and are provided with the usual check screws and retracting
springs which do not demand special description. These subsidiary parts are
omitted in several of the Figures in order to avoid crowding the Drawings, but the
proper positions of the same will be readily apparent to any one skilled in the art ;
with the same end in view parts of the mechanism in most of the Figures are
omitted, but a reference to the Figures in which they are shewn will readily
suggest their proper locations and respective positions.
The general construction of the "Receiving Machine" when adapted to seal a
second strip of paper over the strip upon which the message is printed is similar to
the above; but in this case the quill and the mechanism for operating it are dispensed
with and the following described devices are used in their stead.
Figure 14 represents a longitudinal section of the "Receiving Machine" thus
modified. q and q² represent the feed rollers which are placed in the same
position and rotated in the same manner as before described to feed the message
strip G through the machine. H is a reel upon which a second strip of paper G³
is placed; the latter is carried over the upper feed roller, and then between the
upper and lower feed rollers as shewn, where it joins the strip G¹. In this case the
message strip G' is previously gummed at its edges, as shewn by the dotted lines in
Figure 19. A cup or fountain Y containing water is located above the frame of
the machine, and arranged to dampen the edges of the strip G as it passes over
the upper feed roller, so that the gummed edges of the strip G₁ and the dampened
edges of G³ come together and adhere as the two strips pass between the feed
rollers; the printing is thus hidden and sealed between the two strips, and passes
from the instrument sealed, as shewn at the right hand of Figure 14. A plate q
is secured at one end to the frame 16, its other end extending under the printing
wheel, and above the strip G to the feed rollers, thereby hiding the printing on
the said strip while it is travelling from the printing wheel to the said rollers.
that part of the plate q7 which is immediately under the printing wheel t, and over
the impressing roller u is an opening on the same to permit the strip to come in
contact with the printing wheel; and the edges of this opening are turned down,
as shewn at 98, so as to press upon the strip as it passes over the impressing roller,-
and keep it snugly upon the same. In this modification the quill and the devices
for operating it are omitted, but in other respects it is operated substantially in the
same manner as when the quill and the said devices are used, and as hereinbefore
described.
At
I prefer to print the message on the strip G' in transverse lines, as above
described, and as shewn in Figures 15 and 19, but if preferred, it may be printed
in one straight line, in which case the devices and mechanism for operating the
transverse movements of the printing wheel will not be used, but all the remaining
parts will be used as before described.
A modification of the mechanism for operating the transverse feed of the printing
wheel, so as to give it a positive motion, comprises a rod pivoted at one end to the
shaft t, and at its other end to a pin on a crank wheel which is fixed on a
shaft rotated by a ratchet wheel through the medium of a pawl attached to the
armature of the magnet o¹. By these means the printing wheel is moved back and
forth across the frame R by each revolution of the said crank wheel, thus printing
and disposing the letters on the message strip in the manner and direction shewn
in Figures 15 and 19.

page_text: may here state that the purpose of the pointer a³ before referred to is to shew
when the hand wheel f* has made a complete revolution, so as to leave proper
spaces between the message and the address, and between the latter and the com-
mencement of the next message.
For this
I shall now proceed to describe the process by which a person can transmit his
message directly without previously impressing it upon a strip of paper.
purpose all the parts hereinbefore described of the mechanism shewn in Figures 1
and 2 are used, except the mechanism for feeding the strip G through the machine.
The rods b, 61, 62, 63, remain in the same position as before, but do not operate to
make indentations, as the strip G is not used, and the pawls us are thrown out of
contact with the ratchets us by means of the rod u³, and excentrics u³.
"1
"
The posts m, m², m², m³, m³, and n, n¹, n², n³, n', and rods 1, 11, 1, 13, 14, operate
conjointly substantially in the same manner as the posts and levers of the
transmitting machine" previously described. The said "transmitting machine
is not used in this case. The said rods are respectively fixed in the front ends of
the levers c, c¹, c², c³, c, and are provided with metal knobs at their ends, which
make contact with the posts n, n¹, n², n³, n, and each carries a thin wire y² which
is attached at its other end to one of the posts m, m³, m³, m³, m; all of the said
posts are insulated from the base or platform upon which they stand, and the
posts of the series m to m' are insulated from each other, while the posts n, n¹, n³,
n³, n, are connected with each other. The said knobs are insulated from the rods
by a packing of non-conducting material, as shewn at y' in Figure 2. A wire y¹
connects the posts n, n¹, n², n³, n, with one section of a switch 7, and a wire
connects the post m³ with the other section of the said switch, and whenever the
instrument is to be used for sending a message direct, a metallic plug is inserted
into a hole formed partly in each section, so as to connect the two sections thereof.
A wire 5 connects the post m³ with one pole of an ordinary battery (as shewn in
Figure 18), the opposite pole of the said battery being connected with the ground,
and the posts m and m, m', m³, m³, are connected by line wires with the magnets
on the "receiving instruments" m and m (which are connected together) are
connected by wire 1 with the magnet o; m' by wire 2 with the magnet o¹; m² by
wire 3 with the magnet o; and m³ by wire 4 with the magnet o³; and the several
magnets are each connected with the battery S¹ at the receiving station, having a
ground wire from the pole opposite to the pole of the battery at the sending
station that is connected with the ground. It will therefore be seen that whenever
one of said rods makes contact-with-one-of-the-posts nit closes the circuit, and
the post to which its wire is attached brings into circuit the magnet with which
the said post is connected by its line wire, and consequently by depressing the
levers c, c', c², c³, c, the several magnets are brought into circuit, and automatically
operate the "Receiving Machine;" and in order to send a message direct, the
instrument is manipulated in precisely the same manner as it is manipulated to
indent a message. It is therefore not deemed to be necessary to repeat the descrip-
tion of the said manipulations.
In Figure 18 is shewn a diagram of the arrangements of circuits which may be
employed in the practical working of this method. In this diagram only the front
end of the "Preparing Machine," having the posts and circuits closers, and parts of
the "Receiving Machine" are shewn. S is the battery at the sending station;
S represents an ordinary switch, which is put into operation when the message is
to be received and printed at some other or more distance station. As the circuits
may be readily traced upon the diagram, a further description thereof is not deemed
to be necessary.
If desired a copy of the message may be made while it is being transmitted
directly. For this purpose both sets of mechanism of the "preparing machine"
are used simultaneously. This is done by throwing the ratchet wheels us into gear
by means of the rod u³ and excentrics u³, so that the strip G is fed through the
instrument while the message is being sent direct, and receives the indentations in

page_text: the manner before described. A copy in the form of an indented strip is thus
obtained which can be kept for future use.
I may state that I do not confine myself to indentations of any particular form,
nor to indentations exclusively as a means either of preparing a message or making
a copy thereof, as other marks or characters may be used for that purpose, the
object being to put the message into a form that shall be unintelligible on inspection,
but that will operate the receiving instrument automatically when passed through
a properly constructed transmitter connected with such receiving instrument by
properly arranged electric circuits. And it will also be readily apparent that the
purport of the message is not known or ascertained by any one except the author
of the same and the person to whom it is sent, whether sent by the use of the
prepared strip or sent direct, as above set forth.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I do not claim any special devices for changing the directions of the currents,
but employ any well known means suitable for the purpose, together with the
necessary relays and other appliances which are well known and in common use,
but I claim,
First. The method of transmitting messages over telegraphic line wires and
printing the same in alphabetical or typographical characters at the receiving
station, that is to say, by first putting the message into a form on which it is
unintelligible on inspection; second, using at the sending station the said unin-
telligible message to automatically transmit electric impulses along the line wires to
the receiving station; and, third, automatically printing the message in ordinary
alphabetical or typographical characters at the receiving station directly through
the medium of the said clectric impulses, as herein before described.
Second. The mechanism for transmitting and receiving telegraphic dispatches in
such a manner that the contents or import of a dispatch cannot be ascertained by
any person other than the one to whom it is sent, the said mechanism consisting of,
firstly, devices operated as described in connection with a letter wheel having letters
and characters thereon corresponding in kind and in the order in which they are
placed with the letters and characters on the printing wheel of the receiving
instrument, for the purpose of forming indentations g, g', g', g, by means of which
the movements of the said receiving instrument are determined; secondly, a
transmitting instrument, constructed as described, to operate a series of line wires
and batteries connecting the receiving station with the sending station, and forming.
properly arranged electric circuits with the electro-magnets on the receiving machine;
and, thirdly, a receiving instrument automatically operated by mechanism connected
with the said magnets through the medium of the said electric circuits, and provided
with mechanism, as described, for printing and sealing the message on a strip of
paper, which is fed longitudinally through the instrument, and concealed from view
while the message is being printed, the whole being constructed, arranged, and
operated as herein before described.
Third. Electro-telegraphic mechanism consisting essentially of the following parts,
namely: A preparing machine, constructed as described, for indenting or impressing
a message upon a strip of paper or other suitable material in a form that is unin-
telligible upon inspection; a transmitting machine operated automatically by the
said prepared message to open and close a series of electric circuits connecting the
said transmitting machine and the machine on which the message is received and
printed, and a receiving machine provided with mechanism as described for
receiving and printing the message in ordinary alphabetical or typographical
characters on a strip of paper fed longitudinally through the machine (the said
mechanism. being operated directly by means of electric circuits), all as herein
shewn and described.
Fourth. In a telegraphic receiving instrument provided with mechanism as
described for feeding a strip of paper through the same, the combination of a shield
or plate arranged in such a manner as to conceal the said strip from view while it

page_text: is being passed through the machine; a quill or, cylinder upon which the said strip
is received and wound as the message is printed thereon, and mechanism as described
for rotating the said quill and winding the message thereon, substantially as herein-
before set forth.
7.
Fifth. In a telegraphic receiving instrument the following elements in combination,
namely -Mechanism as described for feeding a strip of paper. longitudinally through
the machine, a printing wheel arranged and operated to print a message upon the
said strip in transverse lines, a shield or plate for concealing the printed strip from
view, a quill or cylinder upon which the said strip is received, wound, and sealed,
and mechanism as described for rotating the said. quill and winding the message
thereon, substantially as herein set forth and described.
Sixth. The general, construction of the "preparing machine" herein before
described, consisting of the letter wheel a and ratchet wheel f, levers d, d', d², d',
and pivoted arms c, c1, c2, c³, c, punching rods.b, b', 62, 63, and toothed wheels f', f',
constructed to operate as described for the purpose of making on the paper strip G
indentations or bosses which indicate the subject and import of the message.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
ww