Improvements in and relating to Crushing and Leaching Mills, especially applicable to the Treatment of Sugar Canes
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 13th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 31st Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Crushing and Leaching Mills,
especially applicable to the Treatment of Sugar Canes.
I, CHARLES WILLIAMS GUY, of Laurel Bank, Anerley, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the general arrangement of the rolls in
crushing and leaching mills, used for extracting the juice of sugar canes, also
certain improvements in the suspension of said rolls. Said invention is applicable
to the construction of new mills upon the lines thereof, or the alteration of existing
mills to conform thereto.
The objects of my invention are as follows, that is to say ;-
First, to procure the extraction of juice from sugar cane, by means of a number
of pressures between the rolls which are so placed as to equalise the strain thereof
upon the frame of the mill, and may also cause the cane to traverse to and fro
between the rolls, thus procuring extraction of the juice without increasing the
driving power, or adding to the space occupied, relatively to other mills as hitherto
employed for such purposes.
Secondly, the arrangement of the rolls, and the necessary fittings therefor, in
such a manner as to permit of adjustment and removal when necessary without
disturbing the side frames or cheeks, said arrangement also preventing any adverse
strains from being imposed upon said frames during the operation of crushing, and
preventing the possibility of the main or driving roll lifting through any excess of
pressure between it and the other rolls, thereby maintaining its true axis to and
with the driving shaft of the gearing.
In carrying my invention into effect, I employ a central or driving roll, with
other rolls arranged around its circumference, so as to be in contact, or approxi-
mately in contact therewith, and said rolls may or may not be unequally pitched
around the central or driving roll. I may employ three, four, five, six, seven, or
eight such rolls, and arrange them around the central or driving roll before
mentioned in such a manner that the axes of the opposite rolls may be in the same
plane, or otherwise, and in such arrangements I do not confine myself to an
arbitrary base line, but may assume said base line at any angle most suitable for
the feed and delivery of the cane in different cases of application. I may also add
guide rolls, feed or delivery rolls, or crushing rolls to any part of the systems
hereinbefore enumerated, for the purpose of diverting the feed, delivery, and course
of the canes, and also to provide additional crushing pressures where expedient or
desirable.
I may also extend the systems vertically or horizontally relatively to the base
line adopted in any case, by adding any number of such rolls within the limits of
practicability; and, in converting an existing mill of any type, I may add feed,
delivery, crushing or guide rolls to the original rolls in order to carry out my
invention, the conformation of the side frames or cheeks, and the requirements of
the particular mill regulating the number and disposition of the rolls so used.
I prefer to suspend the lower roll or rolls within an opening in the side frames,
where such an arrangement is practicable, so that said roll or rolls may be removed
with facility, or I may retain them in suspension, suitable passages being provided
for taking them out at the upper part, whereby the centre of gravity of the mill
may be kept lower than is the case when other methods of and means for suspension
are employed. In effecting this arrangement I make use of suitable bolts, links,

page_text: caps, and blocks, according to the conformation of the existing frames, or the
conditions or requirements relating to the construction of a new mill.
Suitable appliances are provided for feeding, guiding and leaching the canes in
their passage through the mill, and for conveying the refuse or "trash" from the
mill, also for collecting and leading off any juice or liquid obtained.
I may also compound any of these mills with others by connecting them with
one or more rolls, one of which may then be the driving roll.
Dated this 12th day of February 1890.
FREDK. WALKER & HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Crushing and Leaching Mills,
especially applicable to the Treatment of Sugar Canes.
1 CHARLES WILLIAMS GUY of Laurel Bank, Anerley in the County of Surrey
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in the general arrangement of the rolls in
crushing and leaching mills used for extracting the juice of sugar canes also certain
improvements in the suspension of said rolls. Said invention is applicable to the
construction of new mills upon the lines thereof or the alteration of existing mills to
conform thereto.
The objects of my invention are as follows, that is to say,
First. To procure the extraction of juice from sugar cane by means of a number
of lighter pressures between the rolls which are so placed as to equalise the strain
upon the frame of the mill, and may also cause the cane to traverse to and fro
between said rolls thereby procuring extraction of the juice without increasing the
driving power, or adding to the space occupied, relatively to other mills as hitherto
employed for such purposes.
Secondly. The arrangement of the rolls and the necessary fittings therefor, in
such a manner as to permit of adjustment and removal when necessary without
disturbing the side frames or cheeks, said arrangement also preventing any adverse
strains from being imposed upon said side frames during the operation of crushing,
and preventing the possibility of the main or driving roll lifting through any excess
of pressure between it and the other rolls, thereby maintaining its true axis to and
with the driving shaft of the gearing.
In order that my said invention may be better understood, I have appended
twenty three sheets of drawings and diagrams, to which reference is made in the
descriptive matter hereunto following.
In carrying my invention into effect I do not confine myself to subjecting the
cane or the like to a few heavy pressures according to the method of and means for
extracting the juice as hitherto adopted which tends to destroy or injure the fibre
and cellulose of the cane, and which does not completely extract said juice, but
instead thereof, I attain a better result by employing a succession of lighter
pressures, the various primals or modifications hereinafter described may be placed
in any suitable position for the feed and delivery of the canes in the process of
crushing.
In the practical development of my said invention I may add certain rolls to
existing mills, or may construct new mills embodying the same principles. I
employ a central or driving roll d Figure 14 Sheet 1 with three other rolls a b c
arranged around its circumference so as to be in contact or approximate contact
therewith and said rolls are unequally pitched around the periphery of said central
roll d so that the axis of one of the outer rolls is above the axis of the central roll d
aforesaid.

page_text: Figure 2 Sheet 2 represents an extension of the foregoing by the addition of a
roll x or y, and (as the case may be, depending upon which side of the mill the roll
is placed) which may be placed on either side of the axial line of c as indicated by.
the dotted lines u v or in line therewith as shewn.
Figure 3A Sheet 1 represents the same arrangement of rolls with the axial line
of a dc placed in another position.
Figure 4 Sheet 2 represents an extension of the foregoing combination by the
addition of another roll constituting the combination as shewn.
Figure 5 Sheet 3 shews a modification in which the primal arrangement shewn
by Figure 1 is extended by the addition of the roll e and guide rolls whereby the
canes are caused to travel to and fro between the rolls.
Figure 6 Sheet 4 represents a modification in which the axial line of ad c is
placed in another position, and is extended by the addition of the roll or y which
may be placed on either side of the mill according to the requirements of the feed
and delivery of the cane.
Figure 7 Sheet 3 is a further extension of the foregoing arrangement by the
addition of the rolls f and y.
Figure 8 Sheet 4 represents an extension of the arrangements shewn by Figure 5A
Sheet 3 by the addition of a roll, the conformation of the side frames or cheeks in
all cases being modified to snit.
Figure 94 Sheet 5 represents an elevation of a mill embodying the primal
arrangement of four rolls a b c e unequally pitched around the periphery of a central
roll d the axial line of any one of the outer rolls with the central roll passing between
any two of the opposite outer rolls.
Figure 10 Sheet 6 shews a modification in which the position of the rolls a b c
and e are differently disposed and the combination is extended by the addition of
other rolls fg and h whereby the canes are caused to travel to and fro between
the rolls.
Figure 11 Sheet 5 shews another arrangement of the primal Figure 94 Sheet 5
in which the axes of the rolls a and e are in the same plane with the central
roll d.
Figure 12 Sheet 6 represent an elevation of a mill embodying the primal
arrangement of fine rolls a beef unequally pitched around the periphery of a
central roll d in which the axial line of a e or 6f are in the same plane with the
roll d.
Figure 13 Sheet 7 represents an elevation of a mill in which the disposition of
the primal arrangement of rolls a b c e around the central roll d is the same as that
shewn by Figure 11ª Sheet 5 but in a different position and is extended by the
addition of rolls fg and whereby the canes are caused to travel to and fro between
the rolls.
Figure 14 Sheet 8 represents an elevation of a mill, the primal upon which the
construction thereof is based, is shewn by Figure 12 Sheet 6 being five rolls a b cef
unequally pitched around the periphery of a central roll d said primal arrangement
being hereby extended by the addition of other rolls g hij.
To some of the previously described modifications I may add crushing guide,
feed, or delivery rolls to any part in contact or approximate contact with any roll
or rolls for the purpose of facilitating the passage of the cane, or the like between
them or diverting the direction of either feed or delivery where such addition is
practicable. The position of the feed or delivery rolls may be altered as shewn by
the dotted lines un Figure 24 Sheets 2 and others for the purpose of facilitating
the feed or delivery and also flow of juice from the pressure between these rolls and
other rolls in contact or approximate contact therewith. In order to render the
description of the other modifications according to my invention more clearly I have
provided diagrams, which may be used as a reference key to the drawings of
complete mills, some of which are also hereunto appended.
Figure 27 Sheet No. 15 is a side elevation of a mill corresponding to Figure 1
Sheet 9 of the diagrams.

page_text: in
Figure 28 Sheet No. 16 is an elevation of the same mill the primal rolls being
a different position, with the crushing rolls e f g and the guide rolls added which
cause the canes to traverse to and fro between the rolls in their passage through the
mill and corresponding to Figure 4 Sheet No. 9 of the diagrams aforesaid.
Figure 29 Sheet No. 17 is an elevation of a mill corresponding to Figure 5
Sheet No. 9 of the diagrams aforesaid but with the rolls differently disposed.
Figure 30 Sheet No. 18 is an elevation of the same mill with the crushing
rolls ghi and the guide rolls added corresponding to Figure 10 Sheet No. 10 of
the diagrams aforesaid.
Figure 31 Sheet No. 19 is an elevation of a mill corresponding to Figure 13
Sheet No. 11 of the before mentioned diagrams..
Figure 32 Sheet No. 20 is an elevation of the same mill with the rolls i j k and
the guide roll added corresponding to Figure 16 Sheet No. 12 of the diagrams
aforesaid.
Figure 33 Sheet No. 21 is an elevation of a mill corresponding to Figure 19
Sheet No. 13 of the before mentioned diagrams with the guide roll z added.
Figure 34 Sheet No. 22 is an elevation of the same mill with the rolls j k l m
added corresponding to Figure 26 Sheet No. 14 of aforesaid diagrams.
I may also add other rolls to the foregoing combinations to act as guide, crushing,
feed, or delivery rolls in contact or approximate contact with roll
any
or rolls where
such addition is practicable.
From the foregoing description with reference to the drawings, I may construct
or reconstruct mills with or from the primals formed by 3. 4. 5. or 6 rolls in contact
or approximately so with a central roll (indicated by d in all the figures) by the
addition of other rolls which may be added to suit the requirements of each case of
adoption, so that one or more of said primals forms part of the system. I may also
add feed, delivery, or guide rolls where necessary for the purpose of diverting the
feed or delivery, or guiding the canes in any required path or direction which may
at the same time be used for crushing or pressing.
In the construction of a mill upon the first primal as shewn by Figures 1 Diagram
Sheet No. 9 and Figure 27 Drawing Sheet No. 15 the axes of the roll a with the
central roll d comes between the rolls b c and in the second primal Figures 5 Diagram
Sheet No. 9 and 29 Drawing Sheet No. 17 and other combinations where applicable
the axes and housings of any pair of rolls opposite to each other as cb or ae may be
in the same plane with the axes of the central roll d but may be otherwise disposed
when they are not radial with the central roll d.
In the primal arrangement shewn by Figures 11 Diagram Sheet No. 11 the axis
of one of the rolls as a, with the central roll d comes between the other rolls as ce
and in the primal arrangement shewn by Figure 17 Diagram Sheet No. 12 and in
other combinations where applicable the axes of any two opposite outer rolls such
as a e may be in the same plane with the central roll d when radial bolts and
housings are employed or the axes of said rolls may not be in the same plane with d
if the bolts and housings are not radial and the through bolts at other suitable
angles.
Said bolts may be of oblong, or other suitable cross section, and one end
thereof may be secured by a key or cottar as shewn by o Figure 28 Sheet No. 16
and the other end p, which is round, by means of a nut or nuts in the ordinary way.
In the mills according to my invention and as shewn by the drawings, the outer
rolls surrounding the central roll are held in contact or approximate contact there-
with by bearings closing caps, or covers and bolts.
Said bolts may pass through the framing in such a manner as to relieve it of any
adverse strain, and in order to equalize the pressure between the central roll d and
those rolls immediately surrounding it the bearing of said central roll may be
arranged so as to possess a certain degree of free movement in working and lateral
movement may be afforded by the arrangement of the bearings to the surrounding
rolls when in contact or approximately in contact with any other two or more rolls
either of the primal or added secondary rolls.

page_text: In order to attain one of the objects of my invention viz.:-the removal of the
lower roll or rolls without disturbing the frames I provide openings B in said
frames A or in some cases said rolls may be taken out from the upper part, suitable
passages being provided therefor, as shewn by c Figures 30 Sheet No. 18, Figure 32
Sheet No. 20, the rolls may be suspended in the openings B or otherwise, or may
be sustained in suspension by blocks d d between the sides of the frames and caps
as at D Figure 32 Sheet No. 20, said block d d may also pass through the sole plate
when the position of the rolls adopted, require such support.
Suitable appliances are provided for feeding, guiding, leaching the cane and
for conveying the refuse or trash from the mills, also for collecting and leading off
any juice or liquid obtained.
or
In order to convert an existing three roll mill of the ordinary type as hitherto
made and used, I may employ suitable bearings, housings, caps closing covers,
through bolts, link bolts, and the like to the existing frame equalizing the strain
however as much as is practicable by the adoption of the arrangement of bolts
hereinbefore described and the conversion of other mills may be carried out in a
similar manner where the conformation of the side frames permits of such conversion.
The diameters of the rolls relatively with each other may be varied according to
the requirements and consistent with the good working in each case of application.
'I wish it to be understood that I do not claim as my invention the combination of a
four roll mill in which three rolls are placed in contact or approximate contact with
a central driving roll, firstly when the axes of the two outer rolls a c Figure 35 Sheet 23
are in the same horizontal plane with the axis of d with the lower roll b placed under.
said roll d and in the same vertical plane therewith. The passage of the cane between
the rolls is indicated by arrows and therefore the feed is vertically downwards, this
being the most difficult position for feeding a mill. In order to render this
disclaiming clause more clearly I have shewn the combination of a four roll mill
adopted by me in which the canes enter said mill at a more favorable angle, in
contra-distinction to the before mentioned combination, by Figure 36, Sheet 23, in
which the axes of the rolls a d and c are in the same plane, the object being to
facilitate the feed of the cane, and said plane may be vertical or may be placed at
any suitable angle for facilitating said feed, and Figure 14 Sheet 1 may also be
referred to. According to which side of the mill it is desirable to feed, either a or c
may be placed above the axis of d.
Secondly. I do not claim a combination in which the axes of the central roll d
and the outer roll c are in the same horizontal plane and the axes of the two lowre
rolls a and b being below said horizontal plane as shewn by Figure 37 Sheet 23. I
adopt according to my invention, the arrangement of rolls shewn by Figure 38
Sheet 23 in which rolls x and y or a or y are added to the before mentioned com-
bination the object being to increase the number of pressures within the same space
as that occupied by the combination shewn by Figure 37 Sheet 23. My invention
comprises the combinations formed by a b c and d, or y a b c and d, or x a b c d y,
Figure 38 Sheet 23.
Thirdly. I do not claim the combination shewn by Figure 39 Sheet 23, in which
the axis of the central roll d is placed above the horizontal plane of the outer
rolls a bc, but my invention comprises the combination shewn by Figure 40, Sheet 23,
in which the rolls and y or or y are added for the object of increasing the number
of pressures in the same space, as in the mill formed by the rolls a bed, of the
above mentioned diagram, and the combination formed by a a b c d, a b c d y and
xabe dy are included in my said invention.
I also do not claim as my invention in a sugar cane crushing or leaching mill,
the employment of openings formed by gaps in the side frames or cheeks similar to
that shewn by E Figure 30 Sheet 18 for the purpose of removing the roll but
instead thereof I form openings similar to B in the said frames for the same purpose
which do not weaken them and thus decreases the risk of breakage during transport
which is great when gaps similar to E are used.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare what
I claim is :-
First. In a sugar cane crushing or leaching mill, the primal arrangement of three
rolls equally or unequally pitched around a central roll, so that the axes of one or
more of the outer rolls is or are above the axis of the central roll substantially as
described, and partly shewn by Figure 14, Sheet 1, Figure 1 Sheet 9, and
Figure 27 Sheet 15 of the appended drawings.
Second. In a sugar cane, crushing or leaching mill, the extension of the primal
arrangement of three rolls unequally pitched around a central roll referred to in
the preceding claim, and shewn by Figure 1, Sheet 1 by the addition of other rolls
substantially as herein described and shewn by Figures 34 Sheet 1, Figures 2ª
and 4 Sheet 2, Figures 5 and 74 Sheet 3, and Figures 6 and 8^ Sheet 4 of the
appended drawings.
Third. In a sugar cane crushing or leaching mill, the extension of the primal
arrangement of three rolls equally or approximately equally pitched around a
central roll, referred to in the first claim by the addition of other rolls, substantially
as herein described and shewn by Figures 2. 3. and 4 Sheet 9, and Figure 28,
Sheet 16 of the drawings hereunto appended.
Fourth. In a sugar cane crushing or leaching mill, the combination of three
rolls a be unequally pitched around the periphery of a central roll a with the
addition of other rolls x and or & or y, substantially as described with reference
to Figure 38 Sheet 23 of the appended drawings.
Fifth. In a sugar cane crushing or leaching mill, the combination of a three
rolls a b c unequally pitched around the periphery of a central roll d with the
addition of other rolls x and y or a or y, substantially as described with reference
to Figure 40 Sheet 23 of the appended drawings.
Sixth. In a sugar cane crushing or leaching mill, the primal arrangement of
four rolls unequally pitched around a central roll substantially as herein described
and shewn by Figures 94 and 11ª Sheet 5 of the appended drawings.
Seventh. In a sugar cane crushing or leaching mill, the extension of the primal
arrangement referred to in the preceding claim by the addition of other rolls,
substantially as herein described and shewn by Figures 10* Sheet 6 and 13ª Sheet 7
of the appended drawings.
Eighth. In a sugar cane crushing or leaching mill the primal arrangement of four
rolls, equally or approximately equally pitched around a central roll, so that the
axes of any pair of rolls oppositely placed may be in the same plane relatively to
the central roll, substantially as described and shewn by Figure 5 Sheet 9 and
Figure 29 Sheet 17 of the drawings hereunto appended.
Ninth. In a sugar cane crushing or leaching mill, the extension of the primal
arrangement referred to in the preceding claim, by the addition of other rolls
substantially as herein described and shewn by Figure 6, Sheet 9, Figures 7. 8. 9
and 10 Sheet 10, and Figure 30 Sheet 18, of the drawings hereunto appended.
Tenth. In a sugar cane crushing or leaching mill, the primal arrangement of five
rolls unequally pitched around a central roll so that the axes of opposite outer rolls
may be in the same plane relatively to the central roll, substantially as herein
described and shewn by Figure 124 Sheet 6 of the appended drawings.
Eleventh. In a sugar cane crushing or leaching mill, the extension of the primal
arrangement referred to in the preceding claim by the addition of other rolls
substantially as herein described, with reference to Figure 14ª Sheet 8 of the
appended drawings.
Twelfth. In a sugar cane, crushing or leaching mill, the primal arrangement of
five rolls, equally or approximately equally pitched around a central roll, so that
the axis of any one of said rolls is situate between the axes of two opposite rolls
relatively to the central roll, substantially as herein described and shewn by Figure 11
Sheet 11 of the drawings hereunto appended.

page_text: Thirteenth. In a sugar cane, crushing or leaching mill, the extension of the
primal arrangement referred to in the preceding claim by the addition of other rolls,
substantially as herein described and shewn by Figures 12. 13. and 14 Sheet 11,
Figures 15 and 16 Sheet 12, and Figure 31 and 32 Sheets 19 and 20 of the
drawings hereunto appended.
Fourteenth. In a sugar cane, crushing or leaching mill, the primal arrangement
of six rolls, equally or approximately equally pitched around a central roll so that
the axes of any two may be in the same plane relatively to the axis of the central
roll, substantially as herein described and shewn-by Figure 17 Sheet 12 of the
drawings hereunto appended.
Fifteenth. In a sugar cane, crushing or leaching mill, the extension of the primal
arrangement referred to in the preceding claim (but with the rolls equally or
unequally pitched) by the addition of other rolls substantially as herein described
and shewn by Figure 18 Sheet 12, Figures 19, 20, 21 and 22 Sheet 13 Figures 23,
24, 25, 26 Sheet 14 and Figures 33 and 34 Sheets 21 and 22 of the drawings
hereunto appended.
Sixteenth. In combination with sugar cane crushing or leaching mills as referred
to in the preceding claims, the employment of openings in the side frames or cheeks
which are surrounded by the metal forming said frames substantially as and for the
purposes herein described.
FREDK. WALKER,
11, Furnival Street, Holborn, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.