Improvements in Breakers
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 16th July, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 15th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 7th May, 1898
Improvements in Breakers
CHARLES EDWARD HALL, of 22, High Street, Sheffield, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention is for improvements connected with stone breakers and ore crushers
principally of the gyrating type; and consists of improved means of renewing the
wearing parts thereof; and of removing and replacing the same, of an improved shape
of head or cone and concave and of dividing the same into two or more parts upon
the horizontal line; of an improved construction of cone or cones and concaves
whereby a more cubical shape of road metal is obtained than heretofore, and lastly,
of an improved means of suspending the crusher head, and of or means of adjustment
for coarser or finer crushing and to relieve the toe piece from excessive wear and tear,
through the pressure exerted thereon by the crushing head as in the ordinary
gyratory breakers.
In carrying out my said invention according to the first part, I construct the cone
and concave in two parts, forming an upper breaking and a lower cubing part, and
they may be circular or of octagon shape in plan upon their working faces, and
circular where they fit the gyrating spindle and casing. The crushing faces may be
of hard steel or of chilled iron and turned or ground true to fit onto the turned
spindle, or into the bored circular outer casing; or the renewable faces may be
embeddled in zinc or composition to get a solid back as heretofore. To remove any
worn face or section of same; oblong holes are cast through the periphery of the
main body casing opposite to the horizontal joint of the two circular chilled sections,
the lower side of which is chamfered off at the outside all round. By the insertion
and driving home of 3 or more hardened steel wedges the upper section is lifted
and forced upwards. The same operation is carried out with wedges operating under
the bottom sections in like manner; pinching screws and lock nuts may be used for
lifting the said sections as applied to lifting millstones.
. My invention further relates to the construction of the said cones and concaves by
casting them of different diameters; so that the upper sections hang over the lower
sections, by the depth of the teeth cast thereon; and so form a throat or swallow
for succeeding sections; and the corrugations or teeth upon the lower sections are
preferably cast so as to alternate with those upon the upper sections. This neutral
part or drop causes the broken stone to turn over and readjust itself for further
reduction towards the bottom of the cone, and hence producing a more cubical sample
of road material with less waste of stone than heretofore in machines of this type.
My invention consists further of a better means of suspending the crusher head
and shaft and of providing a better means of raising and lowering same to alter the
gauge of broken stone for road purposes. This is effected by forging the head of the
vertical shaft of spherical shape and supporting the same in
which
cup,
has an external screw thread formed
thereon working through the threaded centre eye of the spider or top bracket and
held by lock nut and screwed cap enclosing the said spherical bearing.
a
spherical bearing or

page_text: A centre stud with a cap rests upon the ball to prevent it from lifting when at
work.
The spherical cup like bearing also takes off the excessive pressure from the
bottom toe or setting up step. In some of the larger sizes of crushers a cast iron
sleeve may be cast upon the centre shaft to reduce the first cost, and this may be
turned truly so as to centre the crushing cone thereon which is held down by cap
and bolts.
CHARLES EDWARD HALL, of 22, High Street, Sheffield, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention for improvements in stonebreakers and ore crushers refers to the
gyratory type and consists :-
Firstly of improved means of renewing the cone and concave and for removing them
when worn or broken and of an improved method of securing the same to the main
shaft and to the body or casing of the machine.
Secondly, of an improved shape of head and cone and concave by dividing the two
latter horizontally into two or more parts.
Thirdly. In the construction of the crusher head and cone whereby a better cubing
or cutting action is obtained, than in machines as heretofore constructed; such parts
I prefer to make in upper and lower sections, and forming a break in the line of the
face, or with cones of different diameters, so as to cause the stone to turn over in
its descent and present a fresh side to the action of the corrugated jaw
faces.
Fourthly, of improved means for supporting the crusher head and shaft; and for
adjusting the same for finer or coarser crushing, and to relieve the toe of the shaft from
excessive pressure.
In carrying out my said invention, I construct the cone and concave, each in two
parts, forming an upper breaking and lower cubing or crushing section; and the
working faces may be circular or octagon on plan. The said faces may be made of
hard steel or of chilled iron; and such faces may be ground on their seatings or they
may be bedded with spelter.
To remove any section of the concave when worn; oblong holes are cast in the
periphery of the main circular body casting, opposite to the joints of the two circular
crusher faces and at the bottom of the lower section.
A tapered recess is cast upon the said circular faces which when in position
corresponds with the oblong holes in the body; into each hole a taper wedge is
driven which forces upwards the top concave; after the tripod and hopper have been
removed. This operation is repeated with regard to the lower section when it is
desired to remove it.
To renew the cone sections forming the crusher head, I make the upright shaft
taper at that part and octagon shape on its plan, the chilled cones have also eight
sides but there is a clearance space at each corner, so that the castings fit upon the
flat sides of the shaft only.

page_text: A screw thread is cut upon the said shaft and two nuts are tightly screwed upon
the cone and locked together when the cones have been fixed in position.
I further construct the cone and concave in two or more parts of 'different
dianeters, so that the upper overlaps the lower section by the depth of the corru-
gations. The lower corrugations may be in a true vertical line with the upper, or
they may be spirally arranged; or the lower cone may have pyramidal teeth, or it
be plain if fine crushing is desired.
may
I further arrange the upper and lower sections with teeth or corrugations of
different pitches so as to produce a more cubical form of road material, and also I
form a throat or swallow about the centre of the crushing chamber, to allow the
broken stone to turn over and present a fresh face to the action of the lower set of
teeth.
I further construct the footstep of the shaft with an adjustable screwed toe shaft V,
operated from the side by gearing W, so arranged as to allow of a vertical adjustment
of the crusher head and shaft for finer or coarser crushing and for relieving the toe
piece from excessive pressure, by suspending the shaft from a cup-like bearing
having screwed nuts at the top, and which can be raised or lowered at will by means
of the said threaded bearing and lock nuts.
In order that my said invention may be more fully understood I have appended a
sheet of drawing in which Fig. 1 represents a vertical section of the machine.
Fig. 2 is a plan in section through the eccentric bush at the bottom of the shaft
and Fig. 3 is a half plan taken at the top of the feed hopper. The same letters refer
to the same parts in all the figures. Fig. 4 shews the rectangular boles.
Fig. 1.
A is the main body of the crusher.
B is the upper circular corrugated concave face.
C the lower circular corrugated or plain face.
D the upper circular cone forming the crusher head.
i
E the lower circular cone forming the crusher head, and making an enlarged
part or swallow.
F the main shaft with eight taper sides and with the clearance spaces at each
angle in the conical head.
G top bearing.
H top ball bearing capable of vertical adjustment by means of screwed collars.
I collar and pin at top of vertical shaft.
J ball joint.
K setting up screws with lock nuts.
L circular feed hopper and cover with tripod or spider bracket holding the
faces down.
M lock nuts for securing the crusher head to the main shaft.
N rectangular openings in the middle and lower portion of main body for
inserting wedges to displace the said concaves when worn or broken.
O collecting hopper and shoot for receiving and discharging crushed material.
Peccentric boss and bush for shaft.
Q brass bush in footstep bearing.
R bevel wheel.
S bevel pinion.
T countershaft and bearing.
U fly wheel and driving pulley.
V adjustable tail peice.
W spur wheel for raising crusher head.
X spur pinion operating said wheel.
Y vertical shaft.
Z mitre gear, bracket and hand wheel.
Fig. 2 is a cross section taken through the footstep bearing shewing the eccentric.
Fig. 3 is a half plan shewing feed hopper.
Fig. 4 shews the rectangular openings in main body for wedges to be inserted for
lifting the concave faces.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim-
Firstly. The construction of the concaves and cones in circular sections, with recesses
to be fixed opposite the rectangular openings cast in the body, about its middle and
lower part, for the insertion of lifting and forcing wedges, to remove the concave
faces; and with regard to the cones, of making recesses at the angles for clearance
spaces to enable the cones to fit tight down upon the octagonal sides of the said
vertical shaft, substantially as described.
Secondly. The construction of the concave and cone in two or more parts
overlapping each other and forming a throat or swallow, and with teeth arranged
vertically or spirally or both, or with the lower concave and cone, plain for fine
crushing substantially as described.
Thirdly. Of arranging the concave and cone with teeth of different pitches, and
having a throat or swallow to better perform the action of cubing the stone for
producing macadam.
Fourthly. In arranging the footstep in conjunction with a cup and ball for
vertical adjustment, in order to divide the pressure, between the top and bottom'
bearings, but not to suspend the weight of the crusher shaft from the top bearing,
substantially as described.
D