IMPROVEMENTS IN in the, for the Invention of I DAGASY AND LIND
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Wrigley, of 8, Arundel Street, Strand,
" IMPROVEMENTS IN
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
I
DAGASY AND LIND"
Sealed the 1st November 1872, and dated the 22nd June 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Wrigley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd June 1872.
I, BENJAMIN WRIGLEY, of 8, Arundel Street, Strand, in the County
5 of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, POTTERY, AND LIME," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements upon the kilns for
turning bricks, pottery, and lime, for which former Letters Patent were
granted to me on the 22nd day of April 1871, No. 1069:
In the Specification of the said Letters Patent I described how my
improved kiln was constructed of a series of arched chambers, and

page_text: the floor of the kiln rested entirely upon arched flues passing under-
neath the kiln floor to the chimney, and communicating with the
chambers above by openings provided with dampers.
Now my present Invention consists in making one main chimney flue
underneath the floor of the kiln or outside as the case may be, and
extending from end to end of the kiln and passing direct into the
chimney, arc in cach chamber are cross flues placed underneath the
floor and leading direct into the main chimney flue, and which cross
flues are provided with suitable dampers to open or close the communi-
cation with the main chimney flue.
Another part of my Invention consists in making a number of steamı
flues inside the chambers of the kiln, extending upwards in the cross
and side walls of the kiln and communicating with the chimney flue by
the cross flues placed underneath the chamber floor, and which steam
lues are perforated with openings to allow the "steam to escape more
readily from all parts of the chamber into the chimney flue, thereby
producing a better quality of goods and effecting considerable economy
in fuel.
This Invention further relates to the construction of two short flues
connecting the first chamber of the kiln and the main chimney flue,
for the purpose of returning the heat for the last chamber or any other
in the series back again into the first chamber, and which by a peculiar
arrangement of dampers a continuous system of working is given to my
improved kiln and a great economy in fuel.
SPECIFICATION in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said Benjamin Wrigley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st December 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
WRIGLEY, of 8, Arundel Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-

page_text: sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Benjamin Wrigley, Her special liceuse
that I, the said Benjamin Wrigley, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING
BRICKS, POTTERY, AND LIME," upon the condition, amongst others, that I,
the said Benjamin Wrigley, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar monthis next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Wrigley, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to
say:
My Invention consists of improvements in kilns for burning bricks,
earthenware, or pottery, and lime, and relates more particularly to a
former Invention, for which Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent bearing
date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-one have been granted unto me.
In the said former Invention a range of chambers was built over a
series of underground longitudinal flues, and in the Specification of the
said Invention the said chambers were described as resting entirely upon
the said flues.
By my present Invention I am enabled to dispense with the said
flues, and to employ in lieu thereof but one main longitudinal flue,
which communicates at one end with the chimney and at intervals
with the said chambers by means of cross flues.
According to another part of my Invention I construct steam flues
in the partition or division walls and side walls of the kiln, such flues
communicating with the said cross flues and also through a number

page_text: of openings with the interiors of the said chambers, the said steam
flues permitting the vapour to escape more freely from the chambers
than the arrangement employed for the purpose in my said former
Invention.
A remaining part of my Invention consists in connecting the first
chamber in the series with the main flue by means of short flues, and
in causing the heated gases from the last or any other than the first
chamber in the series to flow through the said first chamber, and through
the said "short flues" into the main flue when it is requisite to dry or
heat a fresh charge in the said first chamber.
And in order that my said Invention may be well understood I will
now refer to the accompanying Drawings, which are marked with letters
of reference, corresponding marks indicating the same parts in the
various Figs.
In the said Drawings Fig. 1 represents a vertical cross section of one
of the chambers of my improved kiln; and Fig. 2, a vertical longitudinal
section of the whole of the said chambers; Fig. 3 represents a hori-
zontal section, the portion to the right hand in the Drawing being taken
on the line B, C, and the portion to the left hand on the line D, E, in
Fig. 1.
In the said Figs. A, A, are 'the said chambers in the example illus-
trated eight in number, but this number may be increased or decreased
as preferred or found to be suitable. The said chambers are "arched
over" and are separated by division walls as in my said former Invention.
Passages a, a, formed in the said division walls and fitted with dampers
serve to connect any one chamber with the next chamber in the series.
The said main flue is shown at 6 and the said cross flues at c, c. Each
cross fluc communicates with the said main flue by means of an
opening d which is fitted with a damper e, cach damper being worked
from the outside of the kiln by means of a rod, so that any of the
openings & may be readily opened or closed whenever required.,
d
An important feature of this arrangement is that the said dampers
are not so much exposed to the heat as the dampers which answer a
similar purpose in my said former Invention. The aforesaid steam flues
are shewn at g, g, to the left hand in Fig. 3. These flues are vertical
passages formed in the division walls h, h, and in the side walls i, i,
and communicate by means of openings or perforations h, k, with the

page_text: interior of the said chambers, the lower ends of the said flues opening
into the cross flues c, c. The openings k, k, being more numerous than
the openings serving a similar purpose in my said former Invention,
and being distributed over a larger area furnish better means for the
escape of vapour, and also promote a more uniform distribution of heat
amongst the charges in the chambers. I do not however confine
myself to the use of a number of small openings communicating with
each of the flues g, as larger openings may be used as shown in the
three chambers to the extreme left in Fig. 2. The afarosaid short flues
are shewn at 1, 1, in Fig. 3. The said flues communicate with the
first chamber through openings or passages m, m, and also with the
main fluc b. When the main flue 6 is closed by a damper fitted at n,
and the dampers to the cross flues c, c, which communicate with the
first chamber and the dampers to the passages m, m, are opened, the
heated gases from any of the other chambers become diverted from
the said main flue at arriving at or near the first chamber, and passing
through the said cross flues flow through the steam flues g, g, into the
said first chamber, and from the said first chamber through the passages
m, m, into the short flues 1, 1, from whence they reenter the main
flue and flow to the chimney as indicated by the dotted arrows. By
opening the dampers to the cross flues of the second chamber, the dampers
to the cross flues of the first chamber being closed, the heated gasės may
be caused to flow through the two first chambers.
The method of working the improved kiln is somewhat as follows:-
Supposing two or more of the chambers at the commencement of the
serics to have been charged, and the first chamber to have been fired
as in my former Invention, the dampers to the passages a, a, are open
and the heated gases from the first chamber flow through the second
chamber, and through the openings g, g, into the cross flucs c, c, and
thence into the main flue band pass to the chimney in the direction
indicated by the full drawn arrows. The charge in the second chamber
is thus dried, and when sufficiently heated fuel is introduced through
the stoke holes o, o, as in my former Invention. The heated gases from
any one chamber may be caused to flow through two or more charged
chambers before passing into the cross flues c, c, by suitably regulating
the dampers. The heated gases from the last chamber or chambers
are caused to flow through the first chamber or through two or more
of the first chambers in the manner already described. It will thus be
seen that the kiln may be maintained in continuous operation.

page_text: Having now fully described and indicated the nature of my said
Invention, and means for carrying the same into practical effect, I would
in conclusion have it to be understood that I claim,-
First. The arrangements whereby I am enabled to work the kiln
continuously with but one main longitudinal flue, substantially as
herein-before set forth and indicated.
Secondly. The construction and arrangement of the steam flues, and
of the cross flues in connexion therewith, and the arrangement of the
dampers in the said cross flues, substantially as herein-before set forth
and indicated.
Thirdly. The arrangement for diverting the heated gases from the
main flue and for causing them to flow through the first chamber or
chambers, substantially as herein-before set forth and indicated.
And lastly. The general arrangement and combination of parts
forming a complete kiln, substantially as and for the purposes herein- 1
before described and indicated and as illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Wrigley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 21st day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.