AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR EXTRACTING THE DIRT, OR THE GUM, OR THE COLORING MATTER, OR THE PRINCIPLE, FROM VARIOUS VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jane Ann Herbert, of No. 5, Waterden Place,
Guildford, in the County of Surrey, Widow, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED METHOD FOR EXTRACTING THE DIRT, OR THE GUM, OR THE COLORING
MATTER, OR THE PRINCIPLE, FROM VARIOUS VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL SUBSTANCES
OR MATERIALS."-A communication.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jane Ann Herbert at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
10th January 1856.
I, JANE ANN HERBERT, of No. 5, Waterden Place, Guildford, Surry,
Widow, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD FOR EXTRACTING THE DIRT, OR THE GUM. OR THE COLORING
MATTER, OR THE PRINCIPLE, FROM VARIOUS VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL SUBSTANCES OR
MATERIALS, to be as follows; and consists in performing the said manipu-
lations in a permanent vacuum, with force, either with heat or otherwise,
as may be required from the nature of the said vegetable or animal sub-
stances or materials operated upon, and may be performed in a
permanent vacuum more expeditiously and effectually, for the reason
the pressure of the air being removed, the said animal or vegetable sub-
stances or materials expand and become readily impregnated with the
liquid or gas, and easily impart their soluble properties, either of dirt, or
gum, or the coloring matter, or the principle, to a fluid at low. tempera-
ture, suitable to the various colors and the different qualities of the said
vegetable or animal substances or materials, without overheating, or
continued wear and tear by rubbing, pounding, and wringing, and dis-
pensing with the use of sand, and the tedious and uncertain process of

page_text: maceration and percolation, until in a very short time, as the case may
be, either the dirt, or the gum, or the coloring matter, or a perfectly
saturated solution with a small quantity of fluid, is obtained, with the
saving of great expence in evaporating large quantities of liquid in the
vacuum pan, as in the old way. In fact, the whole of the dirt, or the
gum, or the coloring, or the whole strength of the principal, is extracted
from the said vegetable or animal substances or materials that may be
used.
In fact, when by my method a vacuum is used, it is permanent in all
the chambers and parts of the said apparatus through the entire opera-
tion, the absence of the air preventing any resistance to the passage of
the fluid or gas. The said fluid or gas is rotated continuously by a
double or single acting force pump, working in said permanent vacuum
without variation, or receiving any assistance of force from said vacuum,
and at a low temperature, suitable, from one hundred degrees to any
other degree of heat, more or less, as may be required, at great speed,
and saving in time and fuel, as herein-after detailed.
Many manipulations, such as already named, may be performed
expeditiously by the use of force by part of my method, and using my
apparatus, as hereafter described, or some similar machine, without the
use of a vacuum; to wit, the continued action of the force pump causes
the expansion of the air contained in the lower chamber of receiver A,
and produces condensation of the air contained in the upper chamber
of said receiver A; and by the operation of said pump, a continuous and
uniform action, and a continued stream of any fluid or gas or air, by
force, is obtained through the said substances or materials therein
contained:- --
The annexed Drawings, making a part of this Specification, repre-
senting one machine or apparatus for carrying out my method, in which
Figure 1 is an elevated perspective view; Figure 2 is a vertical sectional
view; the same letters having reference to the same parts in each view;
and can be made of any suitable materials, either of brass, copper, zinc,
iron, galvanized, or wood, or other equivalent, with any required sized
receiver A, with an air-tight cover B, screwed down air-tight by the set
screw C, or any other equivalent. The said receiver A is placed over the
furnace or lamp G, to be heated with coal, wood, spirits, steam, water,
or any other mode. In the receiver A is placed strainer D, and also the
interior detached receiver E has a similar strainer F; either the receiver
A or interior detached receiver E are for holding the aforesaid vegetable

page_text: or animal substances or materials, and the said receiver A is connected
by the pipes N, O, & P, or their equivalents, with force pump I. Also
the chamber T, with the glass cup or jar W, for holding the bleaching or
disinfecting liquid or gas, and the cover U screwed down air-tight, and
connected with the upper part of the force pump I by the pipe X, and
the stop-cock Y, or other equivalents, to the pipe P. Also the pipes
a, a, a, passing through, under, and between the receiver A, and the
furnace or lamp G, to admit air when heated or otherwise, as may be
required, or their equivalents, and delivered into and at the top of
receiver A at b, with a shut-off cock C, when not required. The
strainers D & F are made of perforated copper, brass, zinc, wire, woolen,
sponge, paper, or any other equivalent, with one or more receivers,
similar to A, and with one or more double or single acting force pumps;
and when extensive and large receivers or apparatus are required, having
one or more pumps for exhausting the air and forming a vacuum, and
one or more pumps for rotating and forcing the liquid or gas through and
through the various vegetable or animal substances or materials that
may be used; and the said apparatus can be driven either by hand or
steam power, or otherwise.
I will now proceed to explain the application of my method, and
operating the same in a permanent vacuum, by force, in the aforesaid
described machine or apparatus. Having placed any desired quantity
of the said vegetable or animal substances or materials in the upper part
of the receiver A, or the inner detached receiver E, and the liquid
necessary for the process, either cold or hot, in the lower part of said
receiver A, under the strainer D, at a degree of heat that will not injure
the said substances or materials that may be used, and closing the cover
B air-tight, and all the stop-cocks closed except R & J, the force pump
as described set in motion, the air will be drawn out of the said apparatus
and discharged at J; then, by closing J & R, a vacuum will be attained
through all parts of the said apparatus. A thermometer can be fixed
to the said receiver A, and any desired degree of heat can be obtained
by the use of said furnace or lamp G; then, by closing the stop-cocks
R&J, as before stated, and opening stop-cock Q and S, the motion of
the pump continued, the liquid is drawn out from the receiver A under
the strainer D by the pipe N and the valve L through the said pump I,
through the pipe P and the valve M, into the top of the receiver A,
through the said vegetable or animal substances or materials, and
rotated by the said force' pump in an equal temperature with great force

page_text: and velocity, over and over, through and through the said substances or
materials contained in said receiver A, or inner detached receiver E, until
in a very short time the dirt, or the gum, or the coloring matter, or the
whole strength of the principle, a perfectly saturated solution with a
small quantity of fluid. is obtained, and saving great expense in evaporat-
ing large quantities of liquid in the vacuum pan, as before described.
The operation of draining may be performed prior to taking out of
said receiver A or E any of the said contents. By opening the stop-
cock J, the equilibrium will be restored; then close the said stop-cock J,
and open the stop-cock R, and close S, the motion of the pump continued,
air will be drawn from the lower part of receiver A. causing expansion,
and forced into the upper part of said receiver A, producing condensa-
tion; and by the said operation a continuous and uniform action, and a
continued current of air, by force, will be obtained through and through
the said contents therein contained, the action of the air draining all the
liquid remaining in said contents into the bottom of said receiver A, and
the saturated fluid, or the dirt, or the gum, can then be removed or drawn
off by the discharge cock H. The contents or refuse, as the case may
be, removed. The apparatus cleansed for another operation.
There is attached to my said apparatus, as shown by letter T, a
chamber or vessel, with pipes connecting to the receiver A for the pur-
pose of generating and passing into said receiver A bleaching or dis-
infecting liquid or gas, and using in a permanent vacuum, as before
detailed. By closing the stop-cocks J & R & S, and opening Y, the
said liquids or gases will escape from the said chamber T by the pipe X,
then open the stop-cocks R & Q, rotate the pump, and the said bleach-
ing or disinfecting liquids or gases will be drawn from the chamber T,
and forced through and through, over and over, in a permanent vacuum,
by force, as before detailed, until in a short time the contents of said
receivers A or E will be perfectly bleached or disinfected; and by closing
the stop-cocks J, Q, R, & S, the said liquids or gases can be nearly all
forced back into the chamber T, and retained in the same by closing
the stop-cock Y until again required. The receiver A can then be
opened, and the contents removed.
The operation of drying can be performed upon any of the said
vegetable or animal substances or materials that the dirt, or the gum, or
the coloring matter, may have been extracted from, as before detailed,
before removal from receiver A. When cold air is used, close the stop-
cocks S, Y, Q, removing the cover B of receiver A, and rotating the

page_text: pump, a current or stream of air is drawn through the said contents of
said receiver A or E, and through the pipe O & P, and discharged at J,
and continued; the said contents will be dried. Or when hot or heated
air is used, by closing the stop-cocks S, Y, K, & Q, and opening the
stop-cock c, which admits hot or heated air through the pipes a, a, a,
from the said furnace or famp G by the pipe 6 into the top of the receiver
A, with cover B air-tight, and the stop-cocks R and J open; then rotate
the pump. a current or stream of heated air will be drawn continuously
through the contents of said receiver A or E, and discharged at J, until
in a short time the said contents will be dried sufficiently for use.
It is evident that my method is applicable to perform or extract the
dirt, gum, coloring matter, or the principle from the various vegetable
or animal substances or materials, and may be performed in a permanent
vacuum by force until the operation is completed, as before detailed, and
that machines or apparatus may be constructed and differently arranged,
keeping the main feature of my method and objects in view, and similar
to the apparatus herein described.
Having now fully described and set forth my Invention, and illus-
trated my way of carrying it out, what I claim as new, and desire to
secure by Letters Patent, is, the method of extracting dirt, gum, color-
ing matter, or the principle, from vegetable or animal substances or
materials, in a permanent vacuum in all chambers of said apparatus
through the entire operation, and the liquid or gas rotated by a force
pump continuously in said vacuum, without any assistance of force from
said vacuum during the said process, substantially as described, and for
the objects herein set forth
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jane Ann Herbert in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th July 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JANE
ANN HERBERT, of No. 5, Waterden Place, Guildford, Surrey, Widow,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Jane Ann Herbert, Her special licence that I, the said Jane

page_text: Ann Herbert, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Jane Ann Herbert, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR EXTRACTING THE DIRT,
OR THE GUM, OR THE COLOURING MATTER. OR THE PRINCIPLE, FROM VARIOUS
VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Jane Ann Herbert, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jane Ann Ilerbert, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, which consists in performing the said manipu-
lations in a permanent vacuum with force, either with heat or otherwise,
as may be required from the nature of the said vegetable or animal sub-
stances or materials operated upon, and may be performed in a per-
manent vacuum more expeditiously and effectually, for the reason that
the pressure of the air being removed, the said animal or vegetable sub-
stances or materials treated, expand and become readily impregnated
with the liquid or gas, and easily impart their soluble properties, either
of dirt, or gum, or the coloring matter, or the principle, to a fluid at low
temperature, suitable to the various colors and the different qualities of
the said substances or materials employed, without over-heating, or con-
tinned wear and tear by rubbing, pounding, and wringing, is prevented,
and dispensing with the use of sand and the tedious and uncertain
process of maceration and percolation, until, in a very short time, as the
case may be, either the dirt, or the gum, or the colouring matter, or a
perfectly saturated solution with a small quantity of fluid, is obtained,
with the saving of great expence in evaporating large quantities of
liquid in the vacuum pan, as in the old way; in fact the whole of the
dirt, or the gum, or the colouring matter, or the whole strength of the
principle, is extracted from the said vegetable or animal substances or
naterials treated. and the purpose of the operation performed,

page_text: When, by my method, a vacuum is used, it is permanent in all the
chambers and parts of the apparatus, herein-after described, through
the entire operation, the absence of the air preventing any resistance to
the passage of the fluid or gas. The said fluid or gas is rotated con-
tinuously by a double or single acting force pump, working in said
permanent vacuum without variation, or receiving any assistance of
force from said vacuum, and at low temperature, suitable to the sub-
stances or materials treated, with from one hundred degrees to any other
degree of heat, more or less, as may be required, at great speed and
saving in time and fuel, as herein-after detailed.
Many manipulations, such as herein-before named, may be performed
expeditiously by the use of force by part of my method, and useing my
apparatus, as herein-after described, or some similar machine, without
the use of a vacuum; to wit, the continued action of the force pump
causes the expansion of the air contained in the lower chamber of
receiver A, and produces condensation of the air contained in the upper
chamber of said receiver A; and by operating the said pump, a con-
tinuous and uniform action, and a continued stream of any fluid or gas
or air, by force, may be obtained through the said substances or materials.
The annexed Drawings, making a part of this Specification, represent
one machine or apparatus for carrying out of my method, in which
Figure 1 is an elevated perspective view; and Figure 2 is a vertical
sectional view; the same letters having reference to the same parts in
cach view. The apparatus may be made of any suitable materials, either
of brass, copper, zinc, iron, wood, or other equivalent, with any sized
receiver A, with an air-tight cover B, screwed down air-tight by the set
Screw C, or any other equivalent. The said receiver A is placed over
the furnace or lamp G, to be heated with coal or any equivalent. In
the receiver A is placed strainer D, and also the interior detached
receiver E has a similar strainer F; either the receiver A or interior
detached receiver E are for holding the aforesaid vegetable or animal
substances or materials, and the said receiver A is connected by the
pipes N, O, & P, or their equivalents, with the force pump I; also the
chamber T, with the glass cup or jar W, for holding the bleaching or
disinfecting liquid or gas, and the cover U, screwed down air-tight, and
connected with the upper part of the force pump I by the pipe X, and
the stop-cock Y, or their equivalents, to the pipe P. Also the pipes
a, a, a, passing through, under, and between the receiver A and the
furnace or lamp G, to admit air when heated or otherwise, as may be

page_text: required, or their equivalents, and delivered into and at the top of
receiver A at b, with a shut-off cock c when not required The strainers D
and F are made of perforated copper, brass, zinc, wire, woolen, sponge,
paper, or any other equivalent, with one or more receivers, similar to A.
and with one or more double or single acting force pumps; and when
extensive or large receivers or apparatus are required, having one or more
pumps for exhausting the air and forming a vacuum, and one or more
pumps for rotating or forcing the liquid or gas through and through the
various vegetable or animal substances or materials that may be treated;
and the said apparatus may be driven either by hand or steam power or
otherwise.
I will now proceed to explain the application of my method, and the
operating or performing the same in a permanent vacuum, by force, in
the aforesaid described machine or apparatus; to wit, having placed any
of the said vegetable or animal substances or materials in the upper part
of the receiver A, or the inner detached receiver E, and the liquid
necessary for the process, either cold or hot, in the lower part of receiver
A, under the strainer D, at a degree of heat that will not injure the said
substances or materials that may be treated, and closing the cover B
air-tight, and all the stop-cocks closed except R and J, the force pump
as described being set in motion, the air will be drawn out of the said
apparatus, and discharged at J; then by closing J & R, a vacuum will be
attained through all parts of said apparatus. A thermometer can be
fixed to said receiver A, and any desired degree of heat can be obtained
by the use of said furnace or lamp G; then by closing the stop-cocks R
&J, as before stated, and opening stop-cock Q and S, the motion of the
pump being continued, the liquid is drawn out from the receiver A under
the strainer D by the pipe N and the valve L through said pump I,
through the pipe P and the valve M, into the top of receiver A, through
said vegetable or animal substances or materials, and rotated by said
force pump
in an equal temperature with great force and velocity, over
and over, through and through the said substances or materials treated
and contained in said receiver A, or inner detached receiver E, until in
a very short time the dirt, or the gum, or the colouring matter, or the
whole strength of the principal, is extracted, and a perfectly saturated
solution with a small quantity of fluid, is obtained, and saving great
expence in evaporating large quantities of liquid in the vacuum pan, as
before described.
The operation of draining may be performed prior to taking out of said

page_text: receiver A or E any of said contents. By opening the stop-cock J, the
equilibrium will be restored; then close the said stop-cock J, and open
the stop-cock R, and close S, the motion of the pump being continued,
air will be drawn from the lower part of receiver A, causing expansion,
and forced into the upper part of said receiver A, producing conden-
sation; and by said operation a continuous and uniform action, and a
continued current of air, by force, will be obtained through and through
the said contents therein contained, the action of the air draining all the
liquid remaining in said contents into the bottom of receiver A, and the
saturated fluid or the dirt can then be drawn off by the discharge cock H;
the contents or refuse removed, and the apparatus cleansed for another
operation.
There is attached to my said apparatus, as shewn by letter T, a
chamber or vessel with pipes connecting with the receiver A, for the
purpose of generating and passing into said receiver A bleaching or
disinfecting liquid, or gas, and using either in a permanent vacuum, as
herein-before stated, which is performed by closing the stop-cocks J, R,
&S, and opening Y. The said liquids or gases will escape from the said
chamber T by the pipe X; then open the stop-cock R. & Q, rotate the
pump, and said bleaching or disinfecting liquids or gases will be drawn
from the chamber T and forced through and through, over and over, in
a permanent vacuum, by force, until in a short time the contents of said
receiver A or E will be perfectly bleached or disinfected; and by closing
the stop-cocks J, Q, & S, the said liquids or gases can be nearly all
forced back into the chamber T; this owing to the absence of the air, in
a comparatively pure state, where they may be retained by closing the
stop-cock Y, until again required.
The operation of drying may be performed upon any of the said sub-
stances or materials, that the dirt, or the gum, or the colouring matter
may have been extracted from, as before detailed, before removal from
receiver A. When cold air is used, close the stop-cocks S, Y, & Q,
remove the cover B of receiver A, and by rotating the pump, a current
or stream of air may be drawn through the contents of said receiver A
or E, and through the pipes O and P, and discharged at J, and con-
tinued until the said contents will be dried; or when hot or heated air is
used, by closing the stop-cocks S, Y, K, & Q, and opening stop-cock c,
which admits hot or heated air through the pipes a, a, a, from the furnace
or lamp G, by pipe 6 into the top of the receiver A, with the cover B
air-tight, and the stop-cocks R. & J open; then rotate the pump, a stream

page_text: of heated air will be drawn continuously through the contents of said
receiver A or E, and discharged at J, until in a short time the said con-
tents will be dried sufficiently for use.
It is evident that my method is applicable to perform or extract the
dirt, gum, colouring matter, or the principal, from various vegetable or
animal substances or materials, and may be performed in a permanent
vacuum by force, until the operation is completed, as heretofore detailed.
And that machines or apparatus may be constructed and differently
arranged, keeping the main feature of my method and objects in view,
and similar to the apparatus herein described..
Having now described and fully set forth my Invention, and illustrated
my way of carrying it out, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by
Letters Patent, is, the method of extracting the dirt, or the gum, or the
colouring matter, or the principal from vegetable or animal substances,
or materials, in a permanent vacuum in all the chambers of said
apparatus through the entire operation, and the liquid or gas rotated
by a force pump continuously in said vacuum, without any assistance of
force from said vacuum during the said process, and the apparatus or
machine to operate or perform the said method, substantially as
described, and for the objects herein set forth and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jane Ann Herbert, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of July, in the; year of our
Lord 1856.
JANE ANN HERBERT. (L.S.)