A TWICE-TRANSVERSAL KNEADING TROUGH
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules César Pruvost Bauchard, of Nouvion en
Thiérache (Aisne), in the Empire of France, Miller and Baker, for the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules César Pruvost
Bauchard. at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th September 1862.
I, JULES CÉSAR PRUVOST BAUCHARD, of Nouvion en Thiérache (Aisne), in
the Empire of France, Miller and Baker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A TWICE-TRANSVERSAL KNEADING TROUGH," to be as
follows:-
My improved kneader is a horizontal machine formed of two rectangles
carrying a certain number of blades curving in opposite directions, that is to
say, crossing in the centre and at the ends, so that no part of the dough may
escape kneading. Two cranks fitted to two fly wheels command two pinions,
which by another on the framing and intermediate gearing toothing into a
wheel, the axle of which carries the rectangles transmit motion to the kneader.
An archimedean screw, fixed above the kneader, receives from a hopper the
flour to be kneaded and transmits it to the kneader; this screw receives
motion from the fly wheels by bands and pullies. The openings or traps from
the hopper to the screw are united by a rod, as also those through which the

page_text: flour falls into the kneader, in order to regulate the supply. After an operation
the rectangles carrying the blades are raised by a rack placed on a horizontal
shaft beneath the trough, having a pinion at each end, and set in motion by a
cross-handled crank.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jules César Pruvost Bauchard. in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th March 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULES
CÉSAR PRUVOST BAUCHARD, of Nouvion en Thiérache (Aisne), in the Empire
of France, Miller and Baker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our
Lord 'One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Jules César Pruvost Bauchard, Her special licence that I, the said
Jules César Pruvost Bauchard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Jules César Pruvost Bauchard, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should in any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "A TWICE-TRANSVERSAL KNEADING TROUGH,"
upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jules César Pruvost Bauchard,
iny executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jules César Pruvost Bauchard, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Figures of the accompanying Drawings
and to the letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to an improved construction of kneading machinery
as represented by the annexed Drawings, in which Figure 1 is a projection of

page_text: the apparatus with its supports a and rack gear C, D; Figure 2 is an end.
view of the same, shewing in connexion with Figure 12 the curve of the
oblique blades with which its frame is provided; Figure 3 represents the three:
principal sections of the mechanism composing the kneader; S is the section:
of the blades; T, the longitudinal bars forming the frame of the apparatus.
with the two cross pieces, one of which is shewn in Figure 2. Figures 4 and;
4' represent the arrangement of a hook support adapted to the rack gear, by.
which the apparatus is raised and lowered. Figures 8, 4, and 41, are drawn:
to enlarged scales. Figures 5, 6, represent in front and end views a modifi-,
cation of the kneading apparatus shewn in the previous Figures. Figures 7, 8,:
represent in front and end views a second modification of the same. Figures 9,:
10, represent in front and end views a third modification of the apparatus..
Figure 11 is an end view of a fourth modification, the front view being the:
same as in Figure 9. The sections of the mechanism comprised in these:
modifications of the apparatus are the same as shewn in Figure 3.
In these Figures, a, a, are the trunnions supporting the kneader; b, b, the.
blades; c, c, the bars; d, d, the cross pieces; D, the main rack gear; 9, 9, the
book support forming part of the rack gear; i, the maintaining pivot by which
the kneader is kept from displacement from the hook supports; C, rack-gear-
of the kneader; U (Fig. 8) is section of one of the branches of the
kneader.
As will be understood from the Drawings, my Invention reposes in principle
on the inclination of the blades, so calculated as to effect the cross cutting of the.
dough, and on the arrangement by means of which the due surface penetration:
of the kneading mechanism is obtained. It is, however, obvious that the form,.
proportions, and general details of construction may be almost indefinitely
varied; as, for instance, 1stly, the diameter, length, and resistance of the
different parts of the combination, which are determined by the quantity of
dough to be operated upon; 2dly, the degree of inclination, curve, and spacing
of the blades; 8dly, the material of which the apparatus is composed; 4thly,
the number and nature of its faces, which may, according to circumstances, be
plane, convex, concave, or helical. In short, the mode of construction may, as
above stated, be varied at will, so long as the inclination giving rise to the:
cross working of the dough is maintained. At each extremity of the kneading
trough are set the two hook racks, maintained in notched guide boxes, and
descending to the ground. The kneader placed in the kneading trough reposes
on its trunnions, set in bearings fixed to or forming part of the latter, and at
the same time rests in the hooks of the racks, the necessary position being
maintained by the check pivots. On one of the trunnions is mounted a rack

page_text: gear of any suitable description to slacken the speed, and at one end of the
kneading trough is fitted the gearings required to produce a speed of fifteen
revolutions per minute at the commencement of the operation, and a second
speed of six revolutions at the finish. These two motions are independent of
each other, and may be separately suspended at will. The operation being
terminated, the kneader is raised vertically from the trough to such a height
as may be necessary to avoid interference with the further manipulations of
the workmen. This lifting movement is effected by the rack above mentioned,
worked by a hand bar set on a longitudinal shaft, which runs below the trough
from end to end. On this shaft are mounted two pinions, each working
through intermediate gear with one of the racks. By this arrangement the
working point of the racks is carried to a height of about three and a half feet,
so that the kneader may be raised to about three feet without forcing the racks
into the ground. If so desired, the intermediate gear may be dispensed with,
the racks being in this case sunk in the ground to a certain depth. The
kneader is maintained at the required elevation by means of a stop piece
catching in the racks.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
carrying it into effect, I would repeat in conclusion, that I do not confine
myself to the general details of construction and arrangement above laid down
as these may, as before said, be modified in many respects without deviating
from the principles or main features of the system; but what I claim and
desire to protect by Letters Patent, is, the novel combination of kneading
machinery, substantially as above described and shewn in the Figures of the
annexed Drawings, in which the kneading blades are set at such an angle of
inclination as to exercise on the dough an oblique cross cutting action in each
direction.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules César Pruvost Bauchard, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of March, in the
year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
DRUIVOST DAIICHARD
11
J. C. PRUVOST BAUCHARD. (S.)