improvements in Combined Cooking and Heating Stoves.
Year: 1886

page_text: improvements in Combined Cooking and Heating Stoves.
I, QUIMBY SILAS BACKUS, residing at 1734, North, 16th Street, Philadelphia,
in the County of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the United States of
America, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
ibanner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a combined heating and cooking-device, the object
being to provide a device, whereby the apartments of houses may be rapidly and
cheaply heated in as thorough a manner as is now attainable by any of the most
expensive forms of heating apparatus, and that this device shall not be merely a
heater, but that it shall perform the additional services of a cooking stove and a
water-boiler, whereby food may be cooked equally as well and as expeditiously as
it can be by any of the most intricately contrived culinary arrangements, and
water be warmed or boiled for all desirable purposes; and also that the said
device may alone be an ornamental piece of furniture when not used in the
carrying out of its several functions, which ornamentation is due to the disposition
of the many parts whereby those best calculated to assist each other are brought
into juxtaposition.
:
In a word, the object of the invention is to provide a household article which
will be valuable as a heating stove, a cooking stove, a boiler and an ornament for
the room, the whole being neatly compacted together.
To this end my invention therefore consists essentially of a stove compartment
of an oil stove or other equivalent heating device, a front guard, a surrounding
bottom rest or rail, a reflecting fire shield, a water boiler, & a steam receiver, and
further in certain peculiarities in the construction, arrangement and combination
of the various parts as will hereinafter fully described.
In, the annexed drawings illustrating my invention,-.
Figure, 1, is a perspective view of the entire device.
Figure, 2, is a plan view of the stove provided with the surrounding foot rail or
rest in front.
Figure, 3, is a top plan view below the chimneys of the improved oil stove
which is preferably used in my combined heater and cooker.
Figure, 4, is a front view of the stove and the open work guard.
Figure, 5, is a front elevation of the device showing the steam radiator mounted
upon the fire place compartment, and an oil stove within said compartment which
:

page_text: is used to generate steam in the radiator. Figure, 6, is a front elevation of my
improved oil stove. Figure, 7, is a longitudinal section of the same, on line, 22,
of figure, 9. Figure, 8, is a vertical cross section of the device as shown in figure, 1,
excepting the stove, and including the water boiler in the rear.
Figure, 9, is a cross section on line, xx, of figure, 6.
Figure, 10, is a cross section on the line, y-y, of figure, 5, and shows that form
of the device without a boiler, the pipe coil within the compartment communicating
directly with the radiator above.
Figure, 11, is a horizontal section on the line, w-w, of fig. 8.
Similar letters of reference denote corresponding parts throughout the several
figures.
A, represents a stove. compartment or frame constructed ornamentally with an
encircling rail, a, having knobs or else plain faced without the rail, but patterned
after some design if so desired. This compartment is provided with a reflecting
shield B, of burnished copper or other metal. This reflector is curved through its
upper portion as shown in the drawings, partly in order to add to the beauty and
finish of the article as a piece of furniture, but principally to focalize the rays of
heat from the stove in such manner that they will be driven out into the room,
and also be concentrated upon the pipe coil located in advance of the shield.
Upon the compartment is mounted a casting, O, which serves as a receptacle for
steam & as a radiator.
This casting may be made in any form consistent with its purpose. As shown
in the drawings it consists of a series of vertical tubes connected by an upper and
lower horizontal tube, the end vertical tubes being made larger than the others,
both for the purpose of containing more steam and also to give. the device an
ornamental appearance. In some forms of my apparatus a water boiler, D, is used
in addition to the steam radiator, in other forms it is dispensed with. When it is
employed it is situated in the rear of the reflecting fire-shield, see figures, 1, and; 8,
and water may be heated therein and conveyed thence for use in the same or
different rooms.
The heating of the water is effected by allowing it to pass out of the boiler into
a pipe coil directly over the stove within the fire-place compartment and then
return through another pipe to the boiler, D. This will be clearly seen by
reference to figure, 8, where a pipe starts out from near the bottom of the boiler,
proceeds to near the top of the stove where it coils directly over it and under the
immediate influence of its heat and then reenters the boiler near the top.
This pipe enables a continuous circulation to be kept up.
The steam formed in the boiler will pass up into the receiver C, & may be
carried from the receiver to any desired point by means of pipes as shown. In
cases where the water boiler is dispensed with, figures, 5, and, 10, will best show
the construction that may be adopted. The casting, C, is preferably provided near
each end with a tube, b, which extends downward through the top of the com-
partment, & connects with a lengthened pipe coil, E¹, consisting of several turns of
pipe placed directly over the stove or other heat supply. In using this arrange-
ment which serves all the purposes of a steam heater I first pour an amount of
water into the radiator or receptacle through its top as at, c.
This water passes
down through the tubes until the pipe coil over the flame is filled and also the
horizontal lower tube of the radiator and the water level is somewhere near the
line marked, "water line," in figure, 5. If now heat be applied to the pipe-coil,
the steam generated will rise upward through the vertical tubes and fill the
radiator. One filling of water will last a long time, since there is no waste of the
steam by exit from the receptacle. And by this constant formation of the steam
I am enabled to raise the heat of the receptacle or radiator to a very high degree.
In practice it is found that as high a pressure as 85, pounds may be attained
without danger. It is obvious therefore that the heating qualities of the device
are superior to the ordinary coal stove, in addition to the cheapness of the fuel
& the ease with which the apparatus can be taken care of. A further advantage

page_text: consists in the ability to use the apparatus in rooms without any chimney or other
appliance for carrying off the waste products of combustion, since in the well.
constructed hydrocarbon burner no noxious gases or smoke are generated in'
sufficient quantity to render the apparatus offensive in the closest rooms while the
amount of heat thrown off will be greatly in excess of that produced by the same
stove without the steam radiator attachment. I will now proceed to describe the
construction and operation of the improved oil stove which I preferably use in my
device, although it is evident that other stoves different in pattern and operation
from the one now to be described may be used in connection with the other parts
of my invention without departing from the spirit of the same.
However the improved oil stove herein portrayed is probably calculated to
produce the best results. F, represents the base or oil reservoir of the stove,
which may be of rectangular or any other desirable form, and this reservoir may
be made with a tubular projection, d, for convenience in filling the same.
Upon the oil reservoir is situated a water pan, G, of greater or less depth which
is calculated to afford a layer of water between the flame and oil, in order that the
latter may be kept cool. This pan is provided with a cover, H, whose lower or
under side is furnished with a layer of asbestos, e, which being an excellent non-
conductor of heat serves as an additional preventive of the oils becoming heated.
It is also keeps the water cool. The asbestos being nearly impermeable by heat
does not allow the heat from the flame to reach the water in the pan below, but
should a small amount chance to pass through, or should the asbestos itself become
heated, the heat is effectually prevented from warming the oil by reason of the
interposed water layer, and the current of air, which is continually passing between
the surface of the water and the asbestos.
In order to retain the asbestos layer in place upon the under side of the cover of
the pan I prefer to use a metal plate, f, which is supported on cleats or lugs at the
end and sides of the cover, sufficient space being left between said plate and the
cover for the layer of asbestos.
Reference to the drawings, and particularly to figures, 6, and, 7, will show the
manner in which I propose to arrange the burners or wick tubes, I.
They are placed lengthwise of the stove and as regards each other are situated
end to end, so that there may be a continuous line of flame from one end of the
stove to the other without any intervening space unheated.
The wick tubes, I, are fastened upon the oil tank and extend up through the
water and asbestos layers and into the chimneys, J. These chimneys are attached
together in any convenient manner, and a frame work or plate, K, is placed upon
their upper ends to serve as a top to the stove. The chimneys, J-J, may be
constructed as desired but I prefer the style shown in figure, 6, in which it will be
observed that sheets of mica are inserted in one or both sides of the flattened
metal tube. These mica lights serve a double purpose in giving light, and allowing
the attendant to observe the height and intensity of the flame.
In an oil stove thus constructed inflammable vapor is less liable to be generated
or accumulated, for the wick tubes are kept thoroughly cooled by passing through
the water.
Consequently these tubes cannot generate vapor nor conduct heat to the oil
tank. Further the water is itself always kept cool by having the layer of asbestos
between it & the flame.
.
Thus my improved arrangement ensures a cool oil receptacle, by the double safe
guard of the asbestos and the water layer, and it ensures that the water be kept
cool, by providing the asbestos layer, and it prevents inflammable vapor from
forming in the oil tank by having its wick tubes surrounded by this thoroughly
cooled water.
In order to use the stove as well as the entire device to the best advantage
I have provided it with a bottom guard or rail, L, and a front guard or screen, M.
Figure, 2, is a plan view of the stove showing the bottom guard, L', placed in
position.

page_text: This bottom guard is adapted to be attached to the stove by means of lugs, n,
which engage the lugs or projections, m, upon the stove thus enabling the bottom
guard and stove to be moved out together from within the compartment. The
guard serves also as a protector for the oil reservoir keeping it from injury, and as
a rest for dishes and utensils of various kinds which are used by the stove.
Such articles as china-ware &c. which it may be desirable to warm before use, can
be placed upon this bottom guard, and heated as well there as they could in a
stove oven. The guard is made in any suitable form, and is preferably of an
ornamental character so as to embellish the appearance of the entire device.
In figure, 4, we have the front guard, M, shown in position in front of the
stove. Figure, 1, also shows its mode of arrangement. It is hinged to the
compartment at about the height of the lamp chimneys, so that it may be lifted
up in order to allow the stove to be withdrawn from the compartment, and if so
desired, its outer edge may rest upon the stove when so withdrawn, and thus
afford a support for the dishes &c. This guard is fashioned after some suitable
pattern, such as the diamond work of the drawing or any other design.
It will thus be seen that my improved device may be used in the double
capacity of a cooker and heater.
When employed as the former, we have only to withdraw it from the compart-
ment by laying hold of the surrounding front guard which is connected therewith.
And when used as a heater we have a collocation of parts eminently adapted to
generate a high degree of heat. For we have a pipe, coiled in advance of the fire
shield, and directly over the stove, so that the line or lines of flame from the stove
may act directly upon the coil and heat the water contained therein. And in
addition to this heat directly given to the pipe coil there will also be the reflected
heat thrown upon it from the reflecting shield.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and, in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st. In a heating and cooking device the combination of a removable lamp
stove, a compartment for the same provided with a reflecting fire-shield, a water
boiler situated in the rear of said fire-shield, and a pipe connecting with the water
boiler, and coiled in advance of the fire-shield above the lamp wick, substantially
as and for the purpose shown & described.
2nd. In a heating and cooking device the combination of a stove compartment
having a reflecting fire-shield, a lamp stove contained within the same, a water
boiler, a pipe connecting with the water boiler and coiled in advance of the fire-
shield above the lamp wicks, and a steam receiver, substantially as shown and
described.
3rd. The combination with a compartment, open at one side, and having an
open work front guard extending across the open side of the same, of a lamp stove
situated within the compartment and having a series of flat wick tubes, arranged
in different lines, overlapping each other, and extending entirely across the
compartment, substantially as described.
4th. The combination of a removable lamp stove, a compartment for the same
and an open work front guard hinged in line with its upper edge to the compart-
ment at about the height of the lamp chimneys, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
5th. The combination with the stove compartment of a lamp stove and a front
guard connected with the said stove, so that they may be removable together from
the compartment, substantially as described.
6th. In an oil stove the combination of an oil tank, the wick tubes, the water
reservoir situated directly above the tank, the cover for said reservoir, which is
provided on the underside with an asbestos lining, and furnished with apertures
for the admission of currents of air to the water tank, substantially as shown and
for the purpose set forth.

page_text: 7th. The combination with a fire place compartment, of a steam radiator
mounted thereon, a lengthened pipe coil in said compartment communicating
therewith, and a series of burners placed in line or lines beneath said pipe coil, and
extending the entire length of the same, substantially as described.
8th. The combination with a fire place compartment of a steam radiator mounted
thereon, a lengthened pipe coil in said compartment communicating therewith, and
an oil stove, having lengthened wick tubes placed end to end beneath said pipe
coil, parallel with the pipes of said coil, and extending the entire length of the
same, substantially as described.
9th. The combination with a casing open at front, of a radiator mounted
thereon, a coil located within the casing and communicating with said radiator,
and burners situated below the coil, substantially as described.
Dh: 04
T
3000
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents.