IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR FORGING FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hallam, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR FORGING FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 31st January 1878, and dated the 25th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hallam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th November 1872.
I, SAMUEL HALLAM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS: IN„APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR FORCING FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to the apparatus for raising or forcing
fluids and liquids known as injectors and ejectors, and it consists in
various improved arrangements of the chambers, nozzles, spindles, and
valves composing the same.
One of my improved injectors for feeding boilers consists of a casing
to which the steam and water pipes are connected as usual; within the

page_text: casing is a tube, the lower end of which forms the steam nozzle, around
which is the annular space for the water called the combination cone.
Within this tube is a hollow spindle, but space is left between the spindle
and the inside of the tube for the steam. The upper end of the spindle
forms the seating of the valve, which is opened and closed by a screw
and hand wheel, and the valve to admit steam to the tube. On starting
the apparatus the valve at the bottom of the screw is slightly raised to
admit steam to the hollow spindle. This steam gradually induces a
current in the water, which escapes at the overflow. On continuing to
raise the screw the main valve is raised, by which the full supply of
steam is admitted, and then the overflow ceases and the check valve
closes. If it should be found desirable to avoid the moving of the
hollow spindle it is connected to the valve in such wise that the valve
may move without the spindle.
According to a modification of my Invention the passage to the boiler
is closed by a back pressure cylindrical valve. The lower end fits on its
seating and the upper end forms a piston, which when the valve is raised
closes the overflow.
Another modification of my Invention which is particularly adapted
for raising and ejecting fluids consists in the use of a double nozzle, the
inner one being hollow to allow the passage of the fluid to be ejected,
the space between the two nozzles being for the passage of the fluid that
causes the current.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Hallam in the Great Seal Patent Office 2
on the 23rd May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HALLAM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 8
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Hallam, Her special licence

page_text: that I, the said Samuel Hallam, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Samuel Hallam, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR RAISING OR FORCING FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Samuel Hallam, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Hallam, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention is applicable to the apparatus for raising or forcing
fluids and liquids known as injectors and ejectors, and it consists in
various improved arrangements of the chambers, nozzles, spindles, and
valves composing the same.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
Fig. 1 is a section of one of my improved injectors, which is particu-
larly adapted for feeding boilers, and which consists of the casing a, to
which the steam pipe 6 and water pipe c are connected as usual. Within
the casing a is the tube d, the lower end of which forms the steam
nozzle d', around which is the annular space e for the water, called the
combination cone. Within the tube d is a hollow spindle f, but space is
left between the spindle ƒ and the inside of the tube d for the steam.
The upper end of the spindle f is screwed into the body of the main
valve f*, which also forms the seating of the small valve f¹. This valve
is opened and closed by the screw g and hand wheel g³, and the valveƒ³;

page_text: which admits steam to the tube d is provided with three or other con-
venient number of wings fitting in the tube d. On starting the apparatus
the valve f¹ at the bottom of the screw g is slightly raised by turning the
hand wheel g¹ to admit steam to the hollow spindle f. This steam
gradually induces a current in the water, which escapes at the overflow h.
On continuing to raise the screw g the shoulder below acting on the top
of the recess, in which it fits, lifts the main valve f" off its seating, by
which means the full supply of steam is admitted to the tube d, and then
the overflow ceases and the check valve h¹ is closed by a light spring
acting on its back.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 represent a modification of the injector shewn in
Fig. 1. In these views the hollow spindle f is connected to the valve f*
in such wise that the valve may move without the spindle. As most of
the parts are similar to those shewn in Fig. 1 they are marked with
corresponding letters of reference.
In Fig. 2 the hollow spindle f is cast or fixed to the seating of the
main valve ƒ³, the part under the seating being cored out as shewn in
Fig. 3 for the passage of the steam to the tube d. The main valve ƒ³ is
provided with a short tube fitting in a recess in the upper part of the
hollow spindle f, whereby the valve may be raised or lowered without
imparting a corresponding motion to the hollow spindle.
.
Fig. 4 represents another of my improved injectors in which the
passage to the boiler is closed by a back pressure cylindrical valve, the
lower end of which fits on the seating and the upper end forms a piston,
which when the valve is raised closes the overflow. In this view a is
the casing; b, the water inlet; c, the steam inlet; d, the steam tube; d³, the
steam cone; e, the combination cone; h, the overflow; h³, the valve for
regulating the overflow; the valve h¹ is regulated or closed by the
screw g and hand wheel g¹; and i is the passage to the boiler. The back
pressure valvej fits on a seating in the casing a, and to it is connected the
piston valve j¹, the valves j and j³, and the spindle by which they are con-
nected are hollow for the passage of the water to the overflow, which
escapes through side passages in the cylindrical chamber of the piston valve.
The water which must be supplied from a certain elevation, being turned
on passes through the combination cone e, then through the centre
portion of the injector and through the valves j and ¹ into the overflow h,
the valve h' being opened to allow it to escape. As soon as the steam is
turned on sufficiently the valve; is raised off its seating and through a

page_text: space slightly greater than the cylindrical portion above it. The rising
of the valve j causes the piston valve j¹ to close the side passages to the
overflow, and the current of water then enters the boiler through the
pipe i.
The steam tube and cone d, d', shewn in Fig. 4, may be applied to the
injectors shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, so as to work the said injectors where
there is a slight head of water.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent another modification of my Invention, which
is particularly adapted for raising and ejecting fluids or liquids. In these
views a is the casing, 6 the inlet for the steam or other propelling fluid
or liquid, and c the inlet for the water or other fluid or liquid to bo
raised or exhausted, which passes through the inner nozzle kand through
the passages k outside the outer nozzle 7, the space between the two
nozzles being for the passage of the steam or other propelling fluid or
liquid, which escapes through the conical pipe m.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention and described the
manner of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First. The general combinations and arrangements of the parts
forming the injectors and ejectors shewn and described.
Secondly. The arrangement of the valves marked ƒ¹ and ƒ in Figs. 1
and 2, and lifting them in succession for the purposes described.
And lastly. The compound valve marked j and j³, and the mode of
regulating and closing the overflow, as shown and described in reference
to Fig 4.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hallam, have hereto set my