IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lamb, of Kidderminster, in the County of
Worcester, Machinist, and Samuel Tovey, of the same Place,
Auctioneer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
CARPETS."
Sealed the 12th January 1864, and dated the 16th July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lamb and Samuel
Tovey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 16th July 1863.
We, JOHN LAMB, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Machinist,
and SAMUEL TOVEY, of the same Place, Auctioneer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
CARPETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that part of a loom for weaving Brussels and other
similar carpets which is known as the "creel" or bobbin frame, and also to the
weights used in giving tension to the yarn, whereby a simple and more
effectual mode of applying the desired tension to the yarn as it is drawn off.
the bobbins is obtained.
According to this Invention the axis of each of the several bobbins rests in
notches made in the longitudinal bars of the "creel," the front part or side of
such notches being considerably inclined from a vertical line in a direction
downwards from the front part of the "creel," the angle of this part of the
notch varying according to the angle at which the "creel" is placed. Imme-

page_text: diately behind each bobbin and extending across the entire width of the "creel
there is a transverse bar which we prefer to incline slightly in the same
direction as the inclined side of the notch, but not to so great an angle, or in
place of a transverse bar small side bars or ribs may be fitted to the sides of
the longitudinal bars. The axis of the bobbin rests upon the inclined side of
the notch, whilst the ends or flanges of the bobbin are pressed against the
transverse bar or the side bars or ribs behind by the tendency which the
bobbin has to descend by its own gravity, thereby producing friction, this friction
is however increased so soon as the. weight suspended to the yarn descends
below the bobbin, as in that case the strain on the yarn tends to draw the
bobbin downwards and force it by a wedge-like action against the friction bar
or bars behind. When the weight is raised by the drawing off of the yarn and
the
leaves the bobbin horizontally, or nearly so, then the friction is released,
the bobbin having a tendency to rise up the incline in the notch, and thereby
remove its ends from contact with the friction bar or bars. The inclined sides
of the notches may be covered by a metal plate to prevent wear and present a
smoother surface for the axis to work upon, and this plate may be made in one
piece with the partition which separates the end of the axis of one bobbin
from its neighbour. The improved weights which we prefer to employ are
made of a short length of wrought-iron rod bent double, somewhat like the
letter U, whereby they are more readily dropped on the yarn and are not so
liable to be accidently broken as the cast-iron weights hitherto employed.
yarn
All these improvements are equally applicable to hand looms and power
Looms
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Lamb and Samuel Tovey in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th January 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
LAMB, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Machinist, and SAMUEL
TovEY, of the same Place, Auctioneer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing 'date the Sixteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Lamb and Samuel Tovey, Her special license that we, the said
John Lamb and Samuel Tovey, our executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: or such others as we, the said John Lamb and Samuel Tovey, our executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time. and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR. WEAVING
CARPETS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Lamb
and Samuel Tovey, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of thein or us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office. within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Lamb and Samuel. Tovey,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying. Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon. (that is
to say):-
:
Our said Invention relates to that part of a loom for weaving Brussels and
other similar carpets which is known as the "creel" or bobbin frame, and
also to the weights used in giving tension to the yarn, whereby a simple and
more effectual mode of applying the desired tension to the yarn as it is drawn
off the bobbin is obtained.
:
According to this Invention the axis of each of the, several bobbins rests in
notches made in the longitudinal bars of the "creel," the front part or side of
such notches being considerably inclined from a vertical line in a direction down
wards from the front part of the "creel," the angle of this part of the notch varying.
according to the angle at which the "creel" is placed. Immediately behind
each bobbin and extending across the entire width of the "creel" there is a
transverse bar which we prefer to incline slightly in the same direction as the
inclined side of the notch, but not to so great an angle, or in place of a
transverse bar small side bars or ribs may be fitted to the sides of the
longitudinal bars. The axis of the bobbin rests upon the inclined side of
the notch, whilst the ends or flanges of the bobbin are .pressed against the
transverse bar or the side bars or ribs behind by the tendency which the
bobbin has to descend by its own gravity, thereby producing friction; this
friction is however increased so soon as the weight-suspended to the yarn
descends below the bobbin, as in that case the strain on the yarn tends to draw.

page_text: the bobbin downwards and force it by a wedge-like action against the friction
bar or bars behind. When the weight is raised by the drawing off of the
yarn, and the yarn leaves the bobbin horizontally, or nearly so, then the friction
is released, the bobbin having a tendency to rise up the incline in the notch,
and thereby remove its ends from contact with the friction bar or bars. The
inclined sides of the notches may be covered by a metal plate to prevent wear
and present a smoother surface for the axis to work upon, and this plate may
be made in one piece with the partition which separates the end of the axis
of one bobbin from its neighbour. The improved weights which we prefer
to employ are made of a short length of wrought-iron rod bent double, some-
what like the letter U, whereby they are more readily dropped on the yarn and
are not so liable to be accidentally broken as the cast-iron weights hitherto
employed.
All these improvements are equally applicable to hand looms and power
looms.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood we shal
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
we shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all
the Figures.
Figure 1 of our Drawings represents a longitudinal vertical section in two
different planes of a portion of our improved "creel" or bobbin frame;
Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the same. Figure 3 represents a full
sized side and edge view of our improved yarn weight, which is applicable to
the improved or to any existing "creel." Figure 4 represents a full side
elevation, plan, and transverse vertical section of oue of the metallic partitions
or division pieces which are interposed between the contiguous ends of the axes
of the bobbins ; and Figure 5 represents a full sized side elevation, plan,
and traverse vertical section of the metal covering for the notches at the
extreme sides of the "creel" or bobbin frame.
A represents one of the two sides of our improved "creel" or bobbin frame,
and B is the front end thereof; C, C, are the longitudinal bars of the "creel"
which separate one row of bobbins D, D, from the adjoining row or rows; E, E,
are the inclined transverse friction bars which extend from side to side of
the "creel" and separate each cross row of bobbins from the adjoining row
or rows, whilst at the same time they serve to brace the "creel" together. The
several longitudinal bars C, C, have notches cut in them of the form shewn
clearly in Figure 1 at F, F; G, G, are the axes or spindles of the bobbins D,
and H, H, are the ends or flanges of these bobbins. The yarn is shown by red

page_text: lines at I, I; it is weighted by the improved weights K, K, (shown also in
Figure 3). The bottom of the notch or that side towards the front of the
" creel" is inclined downwards as shown at a, so that the axes of the bobbins
may rest upon the inclined. portions a of the notches, as shown by the small
dotted circles in Figure 1, and these axes are prevented from descending to the
bottom of the inclines a by the contact of the peripheries of the bobbin flanges
H, H, with the transverse inclined bars E, E. . As the inclination from the
vertical is less in the bars E than in the inclined portion a of the notches, any
downward strain or pull upon the yarn when the weight. has descended, as shewn
in dotted lines in Figure 1, will tend to wedge in the axes and flange of the corre-
sponding bobbin between the two inclined surfaces a and.E, and consequently
the greater the downward strain or pull on the yarn the greater will be the
friction applied to the flange of the bobbin by its contact with the inclined bar.
It is obvious that the same effect would be produced, but to a more limited
extent, if the face of the transverse bar E were vertical in lieu of being at a
slight angle. When the weight rises by the gradual working up of the yarn
to the position. shewn by the full lines in Figure 1, then the strain or pull upon
the yarn being horizontal, or nearly so, the tendency of the yarn is to draw the
flanges of the bobbin away from the transverse bar E, and therefore the friction
is reduced, and a fresh length of yarn is drawn off by the descent of the weight
again until the friction produced by the downward strain again checks the
further rotation of the bobbin.
.
b
In order to prevent the inclined portions a of the notches from being worn
and to present a smooth surface for the axes of the bobbins to work upon we-
further propose to cover such inclined portions with a metal covering or shield,
shewn detached in Figures 4 and 5. This shield may be made from one
piece of metal beat into the desired form, as shewn in the Drawing, the part a²
fitting on to the inclined part a of the notch, and the part 6 forming a partition
for separating the contiguous ends of the axes of the bobbins, as shown in the
plan, Figure 2. c, c, are small flanges which fit over the edge of the inclined
part a of the notch, and assist in keeping the shield. or covering in its place.
The shield, shewn in Figure 5, is intended for the notches in the side bars A of
the "creel," and need only be half the width of those intended for the notches
in the intermediate longitudinal bars C, as the notches in the side bars are only
cut partly through the bar. These shields are fixed in their places by being
driven into the woodwork, as shewn in the Drawing. In Figure 4 the ends of
the partition 6 enter the wood, and the flanges c, c, lap over the edges of the
notch. In Figure 5 the deep flange d is driven into the wood, and the flange
claps over the edge of the notch.

page_text: By varying the inclination of the "creel" more or less friction may be
applied to the yarn, as the effect will be to vary the angles of the notches. For
greater convenience in using the yarn weights we propose to make them
sufficiently wide to fit over the bars of the "creel."
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is. or may be used. or carried
into effect, we would observe, in conclusion, that what we consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,
First, the general construction and arrangement of that part of a loom
for weaving Brussels and other similar carpets known as the "creel" as herein-
before described.
Second, the application and use of inclined notches in combination with
friction bars or projections in "creels" or bobbin frames of looms as herein-
before described.
.
Third, the application and use of metal plates or covers to prevent wear and
tear in the notches of "creels" as herein-before described and illustrated by
our Drawings.
Fourth, the combination of a partition piece for keeping separate the
contiguous ends of the several axes of the bobbins in "creels" in one piece with
a plate or covering for the notch as herein-before described.
Fifth, the peculiar form of wrought-iron yarn weight herein-before described
and illustrated by our Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Lamb, on behalf of myself and
the said Samuel Tovey, have hereunto set my hand and seal, the
Thirteenth day of January One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
TAN TAMD