Improvements in Lathes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 30th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 11th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 13th Apr., 1895
--
Improvements in Lathes.
I, JOSEPH HAMPTON, of King's Hill Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford
Tool Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention consists of the improvements in lathes hereinafter described which
improvements have for their object to facilitate the gripping and releasing of
articles to be operated upon in the said lathes.
I will first describe my invention in connection with the gripping and releasing
in a lathe of articles having an angular figure in cross section such for example as
hexagonal rods from which screw nuts are to be made.
I make the chuck of the lathe hollow or tubular, the body of the said hollow or
tubular chuck being cylindrical externally and having internally a figure the
counterpart of the figure in cross section of the article to be held in the chuck.
The said hollow or tubular chuck has on its rear end a disc by which it is secured
to the face plate of the lathe. In the cylindrical body of the hollow or tubes-
chuck is a longitudinal wedge shaped slot or opening passing into the interior of
the said chuck and making preferably a right angle with one of the flat interna!
surfaces of the said chuck. In the said slot a loose key is fitted the upper edge of
which is inclined from the front towards the face-plate. On the cylindrical body
of the chuck a grooved collar is situated the said collar rotating with the chuck
but being capable of a sliding motion thereon. A keyway in the said collar
takes upon the loose key herein before described. When the sliding collar is
pressed towards the face plate in the manner hereinafter described the keyway in
the said collar travelling on the inclined loose key forces the said key inwards
against the article in the chuck and thereby binds or secures the article in the
chuck.
When the article to be operated upon in the lathe is cylindrical the chuck may
be modified in the following manner. The body of the chuck is externally of a
slightly conical figure but cylindrical internally. The hollow or tubular body is
slit or divided throughout the greater part of its length so as to constitute spring
jaws. When the sliding collar is forced on the conical body of the chuck the
spring jaws are closed upon and made to hold the article situated within them with
great firmness.
The sliding collar is moved backward and forward in the following manner.
Over the chuck described a hollow upright carried by the bed of the lathe is
arranged. In the said hollow upright a cylindrical rod surmounted by a cross
handle is situated the lower end of the said rod having an eccentric termination.
The eccentric termination or end engages in the groove in the sliding collar of the
chuck and when the cylindrical rod in the upright is turned by means of its handle
in one or other direction the said collar is moved upon the body of the chuck in
one or other direction for the purposes herein before described.
By the arrangement of parts described the workman can by operating the handle
on the rod in the upright described fix or liberate with great rapidity the article
being operated upon in the lathe.
Dated this 30th day of June 1894.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I JOSEPH HAMPTON, of King's Hill, Wednesbury in the County of Stafford,
Tool Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention cousists of the improvements in lathes hereinafter described which
improvements have for their object to facilitate the gripping and releasing of
articles to be operated upon in the said lathes.
I will first describe my invention in connection with the gripping and releasing
in a lathe of articles having an angular figure in cross section such for example as
hexagonal rods from which screw nuts are to be made.
I make the chuck of the lathe hollow or tubular, the body of the said hollow or
tubular chuck being cylindrical externally and having internally a figure the
counter-part of the figure in cross section of the article to be held in the chuck.
The said hollow or tubular chuck has on its rear end a disc by which it is secured
to the face plate of the lathe. In the cylindrical body of the hollow or tubular
chuck is a longitudinal slot or opening passing into the interior of the said chuck
preferably at one of the angles formed by two of the flat internal surfaces of the
said chuck. In the said slot a loose key is fitted the upper edge of which is
inclined from the front towards the face plate. On the cylindrical body of the
chuck a grooved collar is situated the said collar rotating with the chuck but being
capable of a sliding motion thereon. A keyway in the said collar takes upon the
loose key hereinbefore described. When the sliding collar is pressed towards the
face plate in the manner hereinafter described the keyway in the said collar
travelling on the inclined loose key forces the said key inwards against the article
in the chuck and thereby binds or secures the article in the chuck. When the
article to be operated upon in the lathe is cylindrical the chuck may be modified in
the following manner. The body of the chuck is externally of a slightly conical
figure but cylindrical internally. The hollow or tubular body is slit or divided
throughout the greater part of its length so as to constitute spring jaws. When
the sliding collar is forced on the conical body of the chuck the spring jaws are
closed upon and made to hold the article situated within them with great
firmness.
The sliding collar is moved backward and forward in the following manner.
Over the chuck described a hollow upright carried by the headstock of the lathe
is arranged. In the said hollow upright a cylindrical rod surmounted by a cross
handle is situated the lower end of the said rod having an eccentric termination.
The eccentric termination or end engages in the groove in the sliding collar of the
chuck and when the cylindrical red in the upright is turned by means of its handle
in one or other direction, the said collar is moved up on the body of the chuck in
one or other direction for the purposes herein before described.
By the arrangement of parts described, the workman can by operating the handle
on the rod in the upright described fix or liberate with great rapidity the article
being operated upon in the lathe.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in front elevation the
headstock of a lathe provided with my improvements, and Figures 2 and 3
represent a portion of the same partly in section drawn to a larger scale;
Figure 4 represents a portion of Figure 1 partly in end elevation and partly in
cross section:

page_text: Rare represent
chuck.
види тирси под
Figures 6 and 7 represent the improved headstock in connection with a modified
chuck hereinafter described the said modified chuck being principally useful for
holding cylindrical articles.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the
drawings.
a is the headstock of a lathe and the face plate of the same. To the said face
plate b, either of the chucks constituting part of my invention and hereinafter
described is bolted.
.
In Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 I have represented a chuck e for gripping a hexagonal
rod from which screw nuts are to be made the said rod d passing through the
hollow spindle of the lathe to the said chuck c. The cylindrical body part of the
chuck e has a longitudinal slot or opening in which the loose wedge shaped key e
(shown separately in Figure 5) fits. On the cylindrical exterior of the chuck c and
over the loose key e is the grooved collar f, a keyway in the said collar taking upon
the said loose key e (see Figure 4). The said grooved collar f is capable of a
sliding motion on the chuck e and when moved towards the face plate the said
collar forces the said key e inwards and thereby grips the rod d in the chuck cas
represented in Figure 2. When the collar fis moved in the opposite direction,
that is, away from the face plate b, the collar f passing from off the higher part of
the loose key e no longer presses it on the rod in the chuck and the said rod is
free to be moved or taken out of the chuck.
'
It will be seen by reference to Figures 4 and 5 that the acting part of the key e
is V shaped and that the opening 2 is so arranged with respect to the interior of
the chuck that the said acting part of the key e bears upon two adjacent sides of the
angular rod d.
The sliding collar of the chuck is operated in the following manner.
At the front of the headstock a is the projecting part a² in a vertical slot 'in
which the hollow upright or sleeve g is fixed. In the said hollow sleeve ga
cylindrical rod h surmounted by a handle 2 rotates, the lower end of the said rod /
terminating in an eccentric end or pin h³. The said pin ³ carries an anti-friction
roller i which occupies the groove of the collar f. By turning the handle 2 from
the position represented in Figure 3 into that represented in Figures 1 and 2 the
motion of the eccentric pin h³ causes the collar f to travel towards the face plate b
and grip the rod d as hereinbefore described. On the reverse motion of the
handle 2, that is, when the said handle moves into the position represented in
Figure 3 the collar f slides away from the face plate and the rod d is ungripped
or free.
Three slots at equi-distant points may be formed in the chuck and three loose
keys employed a self centring chuck being thereby made, but for holding angular
or cylindrical articles for ordinary purposes I have found a single slot and key to
answer well.
When the article to be gripped in the chuck is cylindrical I prefer to modify the
chuck in the way illustrated in Figures 6 and 7.
In this arrangement the chuck c is cylindrical internally and conical externally
the interior of the collar f being in the form of a hollow cone for taking upon the
conical exterior of the chuck. The said chuck c is divided lengthwise by two, three
or more longitudinal slits or divisions the divided parts constituting spring or
elastic jaws. On the motion of the collar f towards the face plate in the manner
hereinbefore described the spring jaws of the chuck c are slightly contracted or
brought together and are thereby made to grip the article within them with great
firmness. This form of chuck may be used for holding articles angular in cross
section as well as cylindrical articles, the opening in the spring jaws having a
figure corresponding to that of the cross sectional figure of the article to
be held.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as my
invention of "Improvements in lathes ";-
First. The construction and arrangement or combination of the parts of a lathe
chuck bereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the
accompanying drawings, that is to say, a lathe chuck in the cylindrical body part
of which a longitudinal slot or opening or slots or openings is or are made for
receiving a loose wedge shaped key or keys, the said chuck being provided with a
grooved sliding collar for forcing when moved in one direction the said loose wedge
shaped key or keys inwards and thereby causing it or them to grip the article to be
held in the chuck, and for liberating the said key or keys and the article in the
chuck on the reverse motion of the sliding collar substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated.
Secondly. The construction and arrangement or combination of the parts of a
lathe chuck herein before described and illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 of the
accompanying drawing; that is to say, a lathe chuck the tubular body part of
which is conical externally and divided into spring or elastic jaws by longitudinal
slits or divisions the spring jaws being closed upon and released from the article to
be gripped by a grooved sliding collar conical internally substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated.
Thirdly. The construction and arrangement or combination of parts hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings for operating or giving a
sliding motion to collars of the chucks claimed in Claims 1 and 2, the said
combination consisting of a rotating rod having at top the operating handle and at
bottom the eccentric pin, an anti-friction roller on which occupies the groove in the
sliding collar of the chuck, the said cylindrical rod rotating in a hollow upright or
sleeve carried by the projecting part of the headstock substantially as herein before
described and illustrated.
Dated the Twenty-eighth day of February 1895.