IMPROVE. MENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Leeming, of North Holme Mill, Bradford,
in the County of York, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN LOOMS."
Sealed the 30th July 1861, and dated the 5th February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Leeming at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1861.
I, JOHN LEEMING, of North Holme Mill, Bradford, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms, and consists, first,
inmeans of giving motion to the lay or sword of a loom by applying a cam or
tappet motion, so constructed and arranged as to produce only one dwell or
pause in a complete revolution of the driving shaft. For this purpose a sliding
frame is used which is connected to the lay or sword, and this frame is moved
to and fro by means of a double tappet or cam, one part of the tappet or cam
acts on and is in contact with a bar at one side of the frame, and the other
part of the cam or tappet is constantly in contact with another bar which forms
the other side of the sliding frame. The two bars are parallel to each other,
but are in different planes corresponding with the two planes of the two parts
of the cam or tappet. The driving shaft on which the cam or tappet is fixed
works or rotates within the sliding frame. The cam or tappet consists of two
Paine d

page_text: parts, each of an eliptical or oval form; the longer axis of the one part cor-
responds in length with the shorter axis of the other part of the cam or tappet.
The two parts of the cam or tappet are fixed on the driving shaft with their
longer axes crossing each other at right angles. The smaller of the two parts
of the cam or tappet is fixed near one end of its longer axis; the larger of the
two parts of the cam or tappet is fixed near one end of its shorter axis. By
this arrangement the beat up is caused by the smaller of the two parts of the
cam or tappet and the bringing back of the frame, and consequently of the
lay or sword is caused by the larger of the two parts of the cam or tappet.
The Invention consists, secondly,in a brake apparatus for stopping the loom
quickly, and without strain on the driving shaft. For this purpose the brake
is formed of two levers, each of which is mounted on a stud or axis fixed to
the framing of the loom. Each lever is formed with a curved surface cor-
responding with the curvature of the periphery of the fly wheel, and such
curved surfaces of the lever are lined with leather or other suitable materials.
The two levers are applied at opposite points of the circumference of the fly
wheel, so that the fly wheel will simultaneously have friction applied to its
periphery at two oppo site points, which will prevent any strain on the driving
shaft. The end of each of two levers is connected with a disc in such manner
that it may be moved to or from the centre or axis on which the disc is
capable of turning; hence by causing the disc to revolve partly round on its
axis, the ends of both levers are brought simultaneously toward each other,
and their curved surfaces to press on two opposite parts of the fly wheel, and
suitable mechanism is interposed between the working parts of the loom and
the disc, in order to cause the disc to rotate partly round when there is no
weft introduced into the shed, or when the shuttle is trapped in the shed, or
when from other causes the loom requires to be suddenly stopped. In place
of using the disc other apparatus may be employed to bring the ends of the
two levers towards each other.
The Invention consists, thirdly, in means of supplying yarn to shuttles in
cases or cop holders where a continuous action is not obtained, which I accom-
plish by affixing a horizontal disc plate on a stud fixed to the frame of the
loom or other support; on the face of this disc I arrange parallel uprights at
suitable distances to hold the cases containing the weft. The disc I actuate or
cause to rotate upon its axis as desired, so as to bring a required case into
position to be inserted into the shuttle by mechanism, which I apply beneath
the disc plate, which enables me to weave in colors by the changing of the
case containing the weft, instead of the ordinary method of having to change
the shuttle when a change is required. By this arrangement when the weft

page_text: threads break the loom is stopped as in ordinary methods although a change
of case when the thread is not broken may be effected during the action of
the loom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Leeming in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd
August 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
LEEMING, of North Holme Mill, Bradford, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Leeming, Her special licence that I, the said John Leeming, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Leeming,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times theroafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Leeming, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Leeming, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in aud by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms, and consists,
irst, in means of giving motion to the lay or sword of a loom by applying a
cam or tappet motion so constructed and arranged as to produce only one
dwell or pause in a complete revolution of the driving shaft. For this
purpose a sliding frame is used which is connected to the lay or sword, and

page_text: this frame is moved to and fro by means of a double tappet or cam, one part
of the tappet or cam acts on and is in contact with a bar at one side of
the frame, and the other part of the cam or tappet is constantly in contact
with another bar which forms the other side of the sliding frame. The
two bars are parallel to each other, but are in different planes corresponding
with the two planes of the two parts of the cam or tappet. The driving
shaft on which the cam or tappet is fixed works or rotates within the sliding
frame. The can or tappet consists of two parts, each of an elliptical or
oval form the longer axis of the one part corresponds in length with the
shorter axis of the other part of the can or tappet. The two parts of the
cam or tappet are fixed on the driving shaft with their longer axes crossing
each other at right angles. The smaller of the two parts of the cam or
tappet is fixed near one end of the longer axis, the larger of the two parts
of the cam or tappet is fixed near one end of its shorter axis. By this
arrangement the beat up is caused by the smaller of the two parts of the
cam or tappet, and the bringing back of the frame and consequently of
the lay or sword is caused by the larger of the two parts of the cam or
tappet.
The Invention consists, secondly, in a break apparatus for stopping the
loom quickly and without strain on the driving shaft. For this purpose the
break is formed of two levers, each of which is mounted on a stud or axis
fixed to the framing of the loom. Each lever is formed with a curved surface
corresponding with the curvature of the poriphery of the fly wheel, and
such curved surfaces of the levers are lined with leather or other suitable
materials. The two levers are applied at opposite points of the circumference
of the fly wheel, so that the fly wheel will simultaneously have friction
applied to its periphery at two opposite points which will prevent any strain
on the driving shaft. The end of each of two levers is connected with a
disc in such manner that it may be moved to or from the centre or axis on
which the disc is capable of turning, hence by causing the disc to revolve
partly round on its axis, the ends of both levers are brought simultaneously
toward each other, and their curved surfaces to press on two opposite parts
of the fly wheel, and suitable mechanism is interposed between the working
parts of the loom and the disc in order to cause the disc to rotate partly
round when there is no weft introduced into the shed, or when the shuttle
is trapped into the shed, or when from other causes the loom requires to be
suddenly stopped. In place of using the disc other apparatus may be em-
ployed to bring the ends of the two levers towards each other.
The Invention consists, thirdly, in means of supplying yarn to shuttles in

page_text: cases or cop holders where a continuo us action is not obtained, which I
accomplish by affixing a horizontal disc plate on a stud fixed to the frame
of the loom or other support; on the face of this disc I arrange parallel
uprights at suitable distances to hold the cases containing the weft, the disc
I actuate or cause to rotate upon its axis as desired, so as to bring a required
case into position to be inserted into the shuttle by mechanism which I
apply beneath the disc plate, which enables me to weave in colors by the
changing of the case containing the weft instead of the ordinary method of
having to change the shuttle when a change is required; by this arrangement
when the weft threads break the loom is stopped as in ordinary methods,
although a change of case when the thread is not broken may be effected
during the action of the loom.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
".
Figure 1 is a view of the end framing of the interior of a loom, shewing the
position of the double cam or tappet, and the frame on which it works, and
attached to the sword, with the said tappet at its front centre, or in the act of
beating up; Figure 2 is another view of the double cam or tappet, and the
frame in which it works, and attached to the sword, with the said tappet at its
back centre (or in the act of dwelling or causing the pause in the beat up of
the lay); Figure 3 is another view of the double cam or tappet, and the
frame in which it works, and attached to the sword, with the said tappet at
quarter or top centre, shewing the position of the framing when the tappet
arrives at that particular point of its revolution; figures 4 and 5 are sectional
views of the double cam or tappet drawn through the dotted lines 1×, 1×,
Figure 1, and 2×, 2*, Figure 2.
In Figure 1, A is the framing of the loom; B, the driving shaft; C, the
double cam or tappet made fast thereto; D, the back bar of the frame, in
which the said cam or tappet works; E, the front bar of the frame, which is
connected to the sword F in the usual manner; G is a guide, in which the
part 1 slides, thus steadying and supporting the frame in which the cam or
tappet works or moves; Hand I are rods screwed at the ends, and provided
with nuts for adjusting when necessary the bars D and E, and their contact
with the cam or tappet C. The action of the double cam or tappet is as
follows:-That part of the frame marked D is in constant contact with the
cam or tappet marked D', while at the same time that part of the frame
marked E is in constant contact with the cam or tappet marked E'; Daud E

page_text: are parallel to each other, but in different planes, corresponding with the two
planes J and K of the two parts of the cam or tappet, as shewn in Figure 5.
The driving shaft B on which the cam or tappet C is fixed works or rotates
within the sli ling frame D, E, H, I. The cam or tappet C consists of two
parts D' and E, each being of an oval or elliptical form. The two parts of the
cam or tappet are fixed on the driving shaft with their longer axis crossing
each other at right angles. The beat up is caused by the smaller of the two
parts of the cam or tappet. The dwell or pause of the lay continues so so long
as the frame D is in contact with that portion of the tappet D', which is
equidistant from its own axis, consequently according to the formation in this
particular part a greater or a less pause may be obtained. I would state in
regard to this part or my Invention that I make no claim to any of the
mechanical parts separately; but what I claim is the combination herein
described.
Figure 6.-A is the end frame of a loom; B, the driving shaft; C, the
brake wheel or fly wheel; D, a plate on the frame, in which a stud E is made
fast, and on which is mounted two levers F and G, each formed with a curved
surface corresponding with the curvature of the periphery of the brake or fly
wheel, and such curved surface of the two levers are lined with leather or
other suitable material. The end of each of the two levers is connected with
a disc plata H by pin or stud made fast therein, and working within the
slots in the disc plate H, shewn by dotted lines 1× 1×; the disc plate H
is mounted upon a stud J, which is made fast to a stud plate K, attached to
the frame of the loom. L is a lever capable of adjustment by means of a
bolt M; to the end of this lever I apply a weight N; a connecting wire q is
passed through the lever Lat O, which is also capable of adjustment by the
collar Pand set screw. The wire is connected with the weft fork mechanism
in the ordinary and usual manner. The weight N may be dispensed with by
using in place thereof a spring, as shewn in dotted lines in Figure 10.
Figure 7 is an edge view of the disc plate H; Figure 8, another view of
the same plate, showing more particularly the slots which draw the ends of
the levers F and G simultaneously together when the lever Lis in the position
shewn in Figure 6; Figure 9 is the lever L when detached from the disc
plate H; Figure 10 shews the relative position of the various parts when the
brake is not in operation; whilst Figure 6 shews the parts when in operation.
It will readily be perceived that when the lever L is in the position shewn
(which is always the case when the break is not in operation) the pins or
studs in the ends of the levers F and G are simultaneously moved from the
axis J of the disc plate Halong the slots in the same, thus giving instantaneous

page_text: freedon to the brake wheel or fly wheel. I would remark that in place of the
disc other means of bringing the two levers towards each other simultaneously
may be employed; what I claim is the combined apparatus herein described.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in improvements in weaving, in which
I exchange weft,if desired, from time to time, to vary the pattern or character
of the weaving, which will be understood by reference to the following
Drawing.
;
Figure 11, A is the end framing of a loom,with suitable mechanism attached
for effecting from time to time a change of weft in the shuttle, according to
design or pattern; Figure 12 is a front elevation of the same; Figure 13, the
disc plate, detached and arranged for two colors; Figure 14, a view of the
stop piece; Figures 15 and 16 are full sized views of a shuttle, as adapted for
carrying out this Invention, which is made hollow to receive a case containing
a spool or cop of weft, which case is held temporarily therein by stop pieces,
acted on by springs shewn at Figure 18, and also in Figures 15 and 16;
Figure 17 is a case containing a spool or cop of weft placed in a frame or
betwixt two grooved plates forming hoppers B,B,shewn at Figures 11 and 12,
and holding a series of cop cases marked 1, 2, 3, 4. C is the lathe batten,
Figure 11, with one of the hollow shuttles D containing a cop case shewn in
cross section taken through the lines F, G, Figure 12. The action of the
loom is as follows:-In Figure 11, V is an upright shaft, carrying the disc
plate W at its upper end, and its lower end resting on a stud plate M, on
which it is capable of turning; O is a stop piece made fast on V for steadying
the disc plate in the position required; N, a spring working into notches or
indents in O, shewn more clearly at Figure 14; P is a stud plate, made fast
on V, and carrying two studs Q, Q, to which are connected the rods R, R
whose opposite extremities are hooked so as readily to be laid hold of by the
cross piece X, better seen in Figure 12 when required; K is a spring for
keeping the lever J,which is mounted on a shaft J,in contact with a cam I on
the tappet shaft H; R, and R', are strings, actuated by the jacquard or other
pattern surface for raising the rods R, R, into position to be operated upon by
the lever J when a change is required. To the lathe batten C is a finger T,
moving freely on a pin joint beneath the batten; U is a lever, mounted on a
stud Y, with a stud projecting from it beneath, and in contact with the
finger T; this lever U is operated upon when a change is required by the
same means as the rods R, R; A' is a spout at the back of the lathe, for
conducting the expelled cases or cup holders into a suitable receptacle; B' is
a lever mounted upon a stud B³, attached to the framing of the loom with a
projection C at its lower end, and its upper end crossing a pin d in the

page_text: propeller e. When a change from one color to another is required, the action
is as follows: The string R'islifted by the jacquard index or pattern surface
machine, which action causes it to be operated upon by the cross piece X in
the lever J, which will then cause the disc plate W to be turned partly round,
so as to bring another series of cop holders into position to be operated upon
by the propeller e, which is effected at the same time by the action of the
string attached to the lever U (indicated in the same manner as R, R,) by
its raising the finger T, which when the lathe beats up will come in contact
with the projection C on the lever B', and of necessity cause the upper end
of the said lever to thrust out the propeller e, and so insert a case or cop
holder into the shuttle D, when another change is required, the other of the
two strings R' being acted upon will cause the disc plate to revolve in the
reverse direction, which will bring the other tier of cases into position when
the change will be produced as before. If desired, a disc plate W or
apparatus carrying more than two classes or colors of weft in suitable cases or
instruments to fit into the shuttle may be used, and a mechanic, from the
above description, will readily apply suitable mechanism to a loom for acting
with more than two classes or colors of weft,and for changing the weft in the
shuttle from time to time, as above explained in respect to two classes of weft.
When applying this part of my Invention to a loom I employ the ordinary
apparatus for stopping the work thereof, when a weft breaks or is used up.
I wish it to be understood that I make no claim to any of the mechanical
parts separately, and in regard to this the third part of my Invention, I would
remark that I am aware that it is not new to employ shuttles in such manner
as to receive weft carried by suitable cases or instruments similar to what are
above described; and I am also aware that it is not new to change such cop
cases or instruments by the working of a loom when the weft is broken or
used up, I therefore make no claim thereto. The peculiarity of this part of
my Invention consists in so arranging the mechanism of a loom that the cases
or instruments employed to hold or carry the weft may be changed from time
to time according to a predetermined pattern or device.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Leeming, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.