AN IMPROVED ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENGINE, FOR DRIVING TRAM CARS OR MACHINERY
Year: 1884

page_text: I, SAMUEL WILLiam Maquay 22 Redburn St Tedworth Square London S.W.
County of Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for AN IMPROVED ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENGINE, FOR DRIVING TRAM CARS OR
MACHINERY to be as follows:-
It consists of lever arms like capstain bars of soft iron suitably made with heads
so shaped that the greatest magnetic attraction, will be in a direct line with their
axis, and said armis, fixed by screwing or springs or bolts, into a centre hub, which
may be a casting of soft iron, this hub is insulated from the central shaft by hard
wood or other insulator, the number of arius is regulated by the power required,
and the space convenient in which they can revolve, each arm is wound with
covered copper wire, in such a manner that each pair, situated in a direct line
on each side of the hub, the hoad of one will be Ñ and tho head of the other
will be S.
The heads of all the lever arms aro let into and bolted to a rim of wood or other
substance, or it may be a metal rim, from which the arms can be insulated, by
which means, the central or moving power would be a fly-wheel.
I place a soft iron magnet properly wound with covered copper wire, in such a
position, that its N pole will be opposite S pole of lever arin and its S pulo in a
direct line opposite the N pole of lever arm, the faces of the magnets being as close
together as possible without touching, I also place another magnet of the same
size and construction, beside it, which with a screw or lever, can be moved a short
distance on its centre, to set it to a particular attractive power when stronger or
weaker electric currents are used.
On the shaft, or spindle of the fly-wheel, I fix a casing of wood or other insulator,
at any suitable position and in it I insert and fix pieces of metal, each piece in a
line with an arm of the wheel, and to each piece of metal I attach the end of tho
coil on the lever arm directly in a line with it.
In a position on the shaft, or spindle, near the terminals of coils aforesaid,
I place a disc of wood or other insulating material, free to move round the shaft or
spindle, and disconnected with it, which can be actuated by a lever or screw or
other device, so that it can be moved freely in any direction; and fixed in the
position to which it is moved, on this disc I fix three. brushes, one brush being
attached by a suitable terminal to one pole of the battery or other source of power

page_text: which may be used, and having a contact piece equal in length to the distance,
through which the lever arin will require to move, from its first attraction to the
position in which, the current is cut off; the other two brushes are placed on exactly
the opposite side of the disc, but their fields of contact, will be only half the size,
so that the length of the two will only equal the one opposite; one of the brushes
on this side of the disc I attach to one end of the coil of the fixed magnet, the
other to the movable one, the other ends of. their coils I attach to the opposite pole
of the battery &, so that each magnet will be formed or the current cut off, as
their brushes to which they are attached, produce the direct contact with the
terminal plates on the revolving shaft, and by which means the central or revolving
magnets will be formed or the current cut off as required; by the movement of
this disc I regulate the speed of the engine, or stop it, or reverse it in the same
manner, a steam engine is regulated by the link motion.
Two brushes or any number of brushes may be used in the same way, their
numbers depending on the number of fixed or movable magnets required, or where
a constant current is used, where the movable magnet is dispensed with.
As to the calculation for the length of levers in the fly-wheel where small
power is used, it is simple, as the speed of the wheel when actuated by electricity
is only limited by the rapidity with which contact is made and broken, and by the
resistance in the length of the coils, it will be practically the same at the centre
should the lever arms be one foot or five feet, but the power produced will be
relatively greater the longer the lever, viz a fixed magnet and a movable one
actuated by a battery current, which will give a power or pull of one pound to
move a wheel (to which the movable magnet is attached) six inches, the lever arm
from centre of wheel being one foot long; if same lever arm be extended five feet,
the battery power will still have the same pull, but will only move the centre of
the wheel ono fifth the distance, with the condensed power of the other four parts,
inasmuch as the arc is now five times greater, there will be room to insert five
other magnets in the same space, and we will have the accumulated power with the
additional lever action in the same space of time, as it is at the centre the current
is made and broken, and I can so increase until I reach the limits of the rapidity
of the electric current and the convenience of space for machinery.
To more fully explain my meaning I give the accompanying diagrams.
No 1 is a section of the fly-wheel showing the fixed magnet, and various
connections with battery.
A the Fly-wheel-B the lever arm magnets, C the insulated boss for the
terminals of lever magnets, D the insulated disc, E fixed magnet, F movable one
G brush for attaching to battery H double brushes for attaching to the fixed and
movable magnets (E & F) K the battery.'
No 2 is a plan of the fly-wheel with same letters but showing the lever and
movable disc.
-
J is the lever arm or other device for moving the disc with brushes (D).
In the position in which the disc is now placed with the brushes, the attraction will
be from the magnet arms marked x to the movable magnet marked
and passed
from it by the second or divided brush to the fixed magnet, so that the wheel will
revolve from right to left, if the lover arm J be now moved one sixth to the right,
the attraction is given first to the fixed magnet and passed by the divided brush
, to the movable one, so that the wheel will revolvo from left to right, and by moving
the lever to any intermediate position between the two points the wheel will go
slow, or fast, or stop when the lever is directly in the centre.

page_text: SAMUEL WILLIAM MAQUAY "Engineer 22 Redburn St London, S.W. do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVED ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENGINE, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved electro magnetic engine, by which small
currents of electricity, either from a primery battery, or any other source, will do
an increased amount of work; suitable for running tram cars, or for working small
power in workshops, or for lifts or hoists in warehouses, or for fans for ventalating
purposes, or for driving sowing machines, &. &.
It consists of lever arms of soft iron, suitably made with heads so shaped, that
the greatest magnetic attraction will be in a direct line with their axis, and said
arms fixed by screwing, or springs or bolts into a centre hub which may be a
casting of soft iron, this hub is insulated from the central shaft, by hard wood or
any other suitable insulator; the number of arms is regulated by the power
required and the space convenient in which they can revolve, each arm is wound
with covered copper wire, in such a manner that each pair situated in a direct
line on each side of the hub, the head of the one will be N and the head of the
other will bo S.
The heads of all the lever arms are let into and bolted to a rim of wood or other
substance, or it may be a metal rim from which the arms could be insulated, by
which means, the central or moving power, would be a fly wheel.
I place a soft iron magnet properly wound with covered copper wire, in such a
position that its N polo will be opposite the S pole of lever arm, and its S polo in a
direct line opposite the N pole of lever arm, the-faces of the magnets being as close
together as possible without touching, I also place another magnet of the same
size and construction beside it, which with a screw or lever, can be moved a short
distance either from or towards the former, or stationary magnet, so as to set it to a
particular attractive power, when stronger or weaker currents are used.
L
On the shaft or spindle which passes through the centre of the hub of the fly.
wheel, I fix a small pully of wood or other insulator, at any suitable position, and
in it, I insert and fix pieces of metal, each piece in a line with an arm of tho.
wheel, and to each piece of metal I attach one end of the coil on the lever arm
directly in a line with it.
In a position on the shaft or spindle and near the terminals of the coils aforesaid
I place a disc of wood, or other insulating material, free to move round the shaft or
spindle and disconnected with it, which can be actuated by a lever or screw, or
other device, so that it can be moved freely in any direction and fixed in the
position to which it is moved; on this disc I fix three brushes, one brush being
attached by a suitable terminal to one pole of the battery, or other source of
electric power, which may be used, and having a contact piece equal in length to
the distance through which the lever arm will require to move, from its first
attraction to the position at which the current is cut off, the other two brushes are
placed on exactly the opposite side of the disc, but their fields of contact will be
only half the size, so that the length of the two will only equal the one opposite ;

page_text: One of the brushes on this side of disc, I attach to one end of the coil of the fixed
magnet, the other to the movable one, the other ends of their coils I attach to the
opposite pole of the battery &c, so that each magnet will be formed' or the current
cut off, as the brushes to which they are attached produce the direct contact with
the terminal plates on the revolving shaft or spindle, and by which means the
central or revolving magnets will be formed or the current cut off as required; by
the movement of this disc I regulate the speed of the engine, or stop it or reverse
it, in the same manner, as a steam engine is regulated by a link motion.
Two brushes or any number of brushes may be used in the same way, their
number depending on the number of fixed or movable magnets required for the
engine, or where a constant current is used, the movable magnet may be dispensed
with.
Or I may on the central shaft fix two or more systems of levers so as to increase
the power by always having one pair of lovers in perfect work.
To more fully explain my meaning, I give the accompanying diagrams.
No 1 is a section of the fly wheel, showing, the positions of both fixed and
movable magnets, and the manner in which the connections with the battery are´|
S. W. MAQUAY.