IND IMPDELTAR PARASOLS AND SHESHADES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Raphael, of Alderney Road, Mile End,
in the County of Middlesex, Stick Manufacturer, for the Invention
of " INDRATT IMPDELTAR PARASOLS AND SHESHADES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Raphael at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th March 1870.
I, JAMES RAPHAEL, of Alderney Road, Mile End, in the County of
Middlesex, Stick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES,"
to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is an improved method of mounting the
ribs and stretchers of umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades, that is to say,
a mode of connecting or fitting the ribs with or to the top notch wheel
or notched piece, and of connecting or fitting the stretchers with or to
the runner in a neater, stronger, and more economical and effective
manner than heretofore.
Hitherto such connection has been effected by inserting the ribs and
stretchers into apertures on the outer side of the pieces in which they

page_text: work, and by retaining them in place by wires, screw caps, or like
supplementary appliances.
Whereas according to my Invention I insert the ends of the ribs into
the inner side of the top notch wheel or notched piece, apertures being
formed therein for the purpose. The inner side of the ends of the ribs
bears and works against the stick of the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade,
or against a tube or ring embracing the stick, and the ribs at that part
are retained in place (though free to work) by the stick and the top
notch "wheel or notched piece.
"
A similar arrangement is applied to the stretchers and runner.
The ends of the stretchers are inserted into the inner side of the
runner, being introduced into apertures formed in the said inner
side thereof. The inner sides of the ends of the stretchers bear and
work against a tube or ring embracing the stick or handle of the umbrella,
parasol, or sunshade. The ends of the runners and stretchers inserted
into the apertures may be made with what I call a butt catch or bolt-
end, that is to say, the thickness or diameter is reduced at the sides; or
recesses are formed therein near but not quite up to the end, which is
left projecting, and the apertures which receive them are in that case
made with a round end leading into a longitudinal or slot shaped part.
No eyelet holes are made in the top ends of the ribs or bottom ends of
the stretchers.
Also I propose to employ a ring or small tube on the stick instead of
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said James Raphael in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
RAPHAEL, of Alderney Road, Mile End, in the County of Middlesex,.
Stick Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
8

page_text: and grant unto me, the said James Raphael, Her special licence, that
I, the said James Raphael, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said James Raphael, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, uso, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS,
AND SUNSHADES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Raphael, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Raphael, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say :-
The object of this Invention is an improved method of mounting the
ribs and stretchers of umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades, that is to say,
a method of connecting or fitting the ribs with or to the top notch wheel
or notched piece, and of connecting or fitting the stretchers with or to
the runner in a neater, stronger, and more economical and effective
manner than heretofore.
Hitherto such connection has been usually effected by inserting the
ribs and stretchers into apertures on the outer side of the pieces (i.e. top
notch and runner) in which their ends work and by retaining them in
place by wires, screw caps, or like supplementary appliances.
Whereas according to my Invention I insert the ends of the ribs into
the inner side of the top notch wheel or notched piece, apertures being
formed therein for the purpose. The inner side of the ends of the ribs
bears and works against the stick of the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade,
or against a tube or ring embracing the stick, and the ribs at that part
are retained in place (though free to work) by the stick and the top
notch wheel or notched piece.

page_text: A similar arrangement is applied according to my Invention to the
stretchers and runner. The ends of the stretchers are inserted into the
inner side of the runner being introduced into apertures formed for the
purpose in the said inner side thereof. The inner sides of the ends of
the stretchers bear and work against a tube or ring embracing the stick
or handle of the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade. The ends of the ribs
and stretchers inserted into the aforesaid apertures may be, for example,
conveniently made with a butt catch or bolt end, that is to say, the
thickness or diameter may be reduced at the sides of the ribs and
stretchers near the end, or recesses may be formed therein near but not
quite up to the end which is left projecting, and the apertures which
receive them are of corresponding form and made with a round end into
which leads a longitudinal or slot shaped part.
No eyelet holes are required in the top ends of the ribs or bottom
ends of the stretchers.
Also I sometimes employ a ring or small tube on the stick a little
below the top notch (for the purpose of preventing the umbrella from
being turned inside out by the wind) instead of the wire projection now
employed.
The accompanying Drawings exemplify the mode of carrying the
Invention into practical effect.
Figure 1 is an elevation of part of an umbrella to which my improved
arrangements are applied sufficient of the umbrella is represented to
illustrate my improvements.
The Figure shows the stick and handle A with one rib B and one
stretcher O represented partly extended or opened (they are broken off
for convenience of Drawing), these parts are, apart from the application
of my Invention, of ordinary construction and arrangement. The
Figure also shows my improved top notch or wheel d, and my improved
runner G both constructed and arranged according to my Invention.
For convenience of description I suppose the umbrella open and in
use, that is to say, held up by the user, so that its ferrule end is upwards
and its handle end downwards, and the prepositions and other terms used
in explaining the description and position of the parts must be under-
stood and interpreted accordingly.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the top notch d; Figure 3, top plan
of same; Figure 4, bottom or under side plan of same (that is plan of

page_text: "
same shown bottom upwards); and Figure 5 vertical transverse section
of same. The expression " top notch or "wheel" is known to
umbrella manufacturers, and signifies the notched piece on the stick of
the umbrella into which the ribs are inserted at one end.
My improved top notch or wheel d is an annular piece thicker at the
lower part of its periphery than at the upper, that is to say, it consists
of a thick ring in which apertures e, e, are formed, and which has a
hollow shank neck or annular portion on its upper side, by which it is
fixed to the stick of the umbrella by a rivet passing through the same,
or by other ordinary fastening; e, e, are rounded apertures formed at
regular intervals of distance in the inner side or inner periphery of the
top notch to receive the ends of the ribs, their number corresponding
with that of the ribs. From each orifice e a long or narrow hole or slot e*
leads and is cut through the top notch to the outer periphery and
through the bottom thereof; the ribs work through these slots e* at this
end. The ends of the ribs work against the stick of the umbrella and
are held by it and by the top notch without requiring rivets, screw caps,
or other contrivances to retain them and yet they are free to work
without fear of their slipping out of place.
Figure 6 is an elevation of my improved runner G, shewn with an
inner tubular piece or bush i; Figure 7 is a plan; and Figure 8, vertical
section of the runner without the bushi; Figure 9 is a side elevation;
and Figure 10, perspective view of bush i. The runner G consists of
two portions usually soldered together or formed in one piece, one portion.
is a tubular piece which encircles the stick of the umbrella, and in which
is usually formed a slot for the ordinary wire spring or catch for holding
the runner to project through. The other portion is a ring flange or
collar called a barrel, which is a thick annular piece on and concentric
with the tube or tubular part of the runner, and it is connected or made
in a piece therewith. It is at the upper part of the tube of the runner
and is thicker than it; h, are apertures to receive the ends of the
stretchers C, they are formed in the thickness of the barrel part of
the runner at regular intervals in the inner side or inner periphery
thereof, their number corresponding with that of the stretchers. A
slot * leads from each aperture, and is cut through the barrel to tho
outside and through the top thereof for the stretchers to work through.
These apertures are made similarly to the apertures e, except that the
orifices h are downward with regard to the slots h, while the orifices e

page_text: are upward with regard to the slots e* ; i is a small tube or bush which
is connected with the runner. It is within and concentric with the
barrel which is slightly hollowed out on its internal periphery to receive
it, so that the under edge of this bush rests on the top edge of the tube
part of the runner which forms a seat for it, as shown at p, Figures 7
and 8. The bush embraces the stick of the umbrella and travels on
the stick with the runner with which it is connected in any convenient
manner. For instance in the Drawing it is formed with a spring
tongue j, forming a catch which takes into a groove s in the barrel,
terminating in a hole s* which passes through the tube part of the
The ends of the stretchers are fitted in the apertures / on the
inner periphery of the barrel of the runner, and the stretchers pass
outward through the slots *. They are thus held in place and work
between the barrel of the runner and the bush i freely, though hold
securely in place without rivet, wire, screw cap, or other fastening.
runner.
Figures 11, 12 and 13, refer to a modification of my runner G, in
which the barrel is screwed into the tube or tubular part g of the
runner, instead of being in a piece therewith, and the bush i is dispensed
with; Figure 11 is an elevation of the tube or tubular part 7 of the
runner; Figure 12 is an elevation; and Figure 13, section of the barrel
part thereof, here marked g*. Apertures h, 7*, are formed in the
barrel * of the runner, as described in reference to the barrel, shown
in Figures 6, 7, and 8, but the ends of the stretchers C are held by and
work between the inside of the barrel g* of the runner, and the outside
of the tube part of the runner.
I do not confine myself to any particular form of rib or stretcher end,
nor do I lay claim to any novel form of end as constituting part of my
Invention. Although I sometimes use on tho stick a ring instead of a
wire projection to prevent the umbrella from being turned inside out
by the wind, I lay no claim thereto as novel or original or as forming part
of my Invention.
In carrying out the Invention I fit or insert the ends of the
stretchers C into the orifices h, in the inside of the (barrel part of the)
runner, and then mount the runner in place on the stick of the umbrella;
and in like manner I fit or insert the ends of the ribs B into the
orifices e in the inside of the top notch d, and then fix or mount the
top notch in place; I then finish the umbrella as usual.

page_text: Although I have described my Invention as applied to an umbrella,
it may be applied in precisely similar manner to parasols and sun-
shades.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim as con-
stituting my said Invention of improvements in umbrellas, parasols and
sunshades,―
First. Constructing or forming the top notch wheel or notched picco
with apertures in the inner side or inner periphery thereof, and inserting
the ends of the ribs into such inner side or inner periphery (that is to
say, into the said apertures), as described.
Secondly. Constructing or forming the runner with apertures in the
inner side or inner periphery thereof, and fitting or inserting the ends
of the stretchers in the said inner side or inner periphery (that is to
say, into the said apertures), as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Raphael, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
o Witness,
E. DE PASS,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
JAMES RAPHAEL. (L.S.)