Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Watson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1881.
WILLIAM WATSON, of Leeds, in the County of York.
GAS ENGINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
On suitable standards or framework I mount a cylinder provided with piston
and piston rod; in connection with this is a chamber for the reception of the
explosive gases. And in order to admit the gas and air into this chamber I
provide an arrangement which consists of a central tube surrounded by another
tube or chamber, the former being for conveying the gas and the latter the air.
The air is admitted simultaneously with the gas, and in order to thoroughly mix
the gas and air I pass the air by preference through small perforations in the upper
part of the external tube or small chamber. A valve is employed over the perfo-
rations, and the outlet for gas admitting the gas and air simultaneously, and
properly mixed into the chamber. This valve may be of a couical or other con-
venient form. The valve is lifted by atmospheric pressure arising from the partial
The valve is so
vacuum in the cylinder following the explosion of the gases.
constructed as to stop the flow of gas and air simultaneously. I provide small
cock or valve for admission of gas.
At a convenient position in the side of the upper portion of the cylinder is
provided an outlet for the escape of the products of combustion; this may be
covered by a valve which closes immediately after the escape of the products of
combustion, and shuts off all communication with the outer air.
In order to explode the gases I employ any of the arrangements described in the
Specification of Lette, Patent granted to me the 20th day of April 1881, No. 1723,
and in the Provisional Specification dated the 4th July 1881, No. 2919.
When preferred I dispense with the hereinbefore mentioned chamber for the
reception of the explosive gases, and pass the gas and air through the admission

page_text: valve arrangement above described direct into the cylinder. The products of
combustion form a cushion for the piston at each ends of its stroke. I arrange in
some cases a passage or passages forming a communication between the upper and
lower portion of the cylinder through which the products of combustion pass from
the lower portion into the upper during a portion of the upward and downward
movement of the piston; these gases pass off through an exhaust pipe provided
with a valve, being forced out by the explosion in the cylinder and the upward
movement of the piston.
The flywheel, crank, and shafts are of ordinary construction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Watson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st April
1882.
WILLIAM WATSON, of Leeds, in the County of York. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
GAS ENGINES."
On suitable standards or framework I mount a cylinder provided with piston
and connecting rod; in connection with this is a chamber for the reception of the
explosive gases. And in order to admit the gas and air into the chamber I provide
an arrangement which consists of a central tube surrounded by another tube, the
former being for conveying the gas and the latter the air. The air is admitted
simultaneously with the gas, and in order to thoroughly mix the gas and air I pass
the air or the gas, or both of them, through small perforations in the upper part of
one or both of the tubes. A valve is employed over the perforations, and the
inlet for the gas (or the air) admitting the gas and air simultaneously and properly
mixed into the chamber. This valve may be of a conical or other convenient
form. The valve is lifted by atmospheric pressure arising from the partial vacuum
in the cylinder following the explosion of the gases. The valve is so constructed
as to stop the flow of gas and air simultaneously. I provide a small cock or valve
for the admission of the gas.
At a convenient position on the side of the upper portion of the cylinder is
provided an outlet for the escape of the products of combustion; this may be
covered by a valve, which closes immediately after the escape of the products of
combustion, and shuts of all communication with the outer air.
In order to explode the gases I employ any of the arrangements described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me the Twentieth day of April 1881,
No. 1723, and in the Provisional Specification dated the Fourth day of July 1881,
No. 2919.
When preferred I dispense with the hereinbefore mentioned chamber for the
reception of the explosive gases, and pass the gas and air through the admission
valve arrangement above described direct into the cylinder.
The fly wheel, crank, and shafts are of ordinary construction.

page_text: ou may
is given to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and marks thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation; Fig. 2 a cross section through A, B, Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is
an enlarged section, shewing arrangement of admission valve and exploder; Fig. 4
shews a modification in the construction of the admission valve.
The standards are shewn at a and are mounted on and secured to a foundation
plate b; c is the cylinder having a water jacket d. Between this jacket d and the
cylinder c water is caused to circulate in connection with an elevated tank or
reservoir in order to keep down the heat of the cylinder c and piston e; f is a table
which is secured to the standards and used as a support for the cylinder c.
the cylinder is provided an explosion chamber g, into which the gases are admitted
prior to explosion; such explosion chamber g may be formed within the table f, as
shewn, or independant thereof and attached to the cylinder c.
Below
The gas and air are admitted into the explosion chamber through an arrange-
ment which consists of a central tube h within another tube i, and although in
some cases I convey the gas through the inner or central tube h, and the air through
the outer tube i, I may reverse the arrangement and pass the gas through the outer
tube i, and the air through the inner tube h. The air is admitted simultaneously
with the gas, and in order to thoroughly mix them I pass one or both of them
through small perforations at k, and so divide or split up the currents at the place
of contact, thereby causing them to be more thoroughly blended. A valve is
employed over the perforations k, which may be of a conical or other convenient
shape. This valve is lifted or opened by the pressure of the atmosphere, caused
partly by the partial vacuum which takes place after the explosion of the mixture
of gas and air, and partly by the movement of the piston e.
The valve may be
arranged to work in a vertical or other position, and constructed as shewn for
instances at Figs. 2 and 3; or a hinged valve may be employed when the apparatus
is placed horizontally, as shewn in Fig. 4. The valve is enclosed in a chamber m,
into which the air and gas are admitted prior to passing into the explosion
chamber g, with which it is connected by means of the tube n. To this chamber m
I have shewn attached or coupled one of my patented arrangements shown at k',
used in gas engines for igniting the explosive mixture of gas and air, and I use
this chamber m as the igniting or firing chamber. On the gases being ignited therein
the ignition travels along the tube n, and is communicated to the chamber g,
causing the explosion of the gases contained therein. The supply of gas is adjusted
by the regulator r, the hand wheel o of which may be used as a dial plate, and a
pointer p may be attached to the body of the regulator 1. The gas is admitted
into the admission valve through the tube 8, and the regulation is effected by the
screwed spindle t, actuated through the hand wheel o. The lift of the admission
valve may be regulated through the rod u, which is caused to move up and down
by the action of the governor v. By this arrangement the supply of gas and air
may be shut off partially or altogether so as to lessen at times the number of
explosions, and to reduce the speed of the engine or the consumption of gas. I
may also provide a valve arrangement at w which is actuated simultaneously with
the closing of the admission valve l, through the tappet arrangement x. This valve
arrangement is for the purpose of admitting air to the cylinder c when the valve
has been closed by the action of the governor v.
When preferred I dispense with the herein before mentioned explosion chamber
g, and pass the gas and air through the apparatus above described, Fig. 3, direct
into the cylinder c; and in that case I increase the length of the cylinder in order
to provide sufficient space for the compressed gases.
At a suitable position in the side of the cylinder c is provided an outlet y for the
escape of the products of combustion. This outlet may be covered by a valve z
opening outwards, and is enclosed in a chamber a¹, to which may be attached the

page_text: pipe b for carrying away the products of combustion. The position of this outlet
in the side of the cylinder may be varied when the valve arrangement is applied.
only to one end of the cylinder, but the position I prefer and which answers in
practice is at or near the centre, when the valve arrangement is attached to both
ends of the cylinder, to which it is equally applicable; its best position is in the
centre.
The fly wheel c', crank a', and connecting rod e¹ are all of ordinary construction;
m¹ and n¹ are the fast and loose pulleys; 1 is the pulley for transmitting motion
to the governor pulley g¹ through the belt h¹.
The action of the engine constructed in the manner described is as follows:-The
explosion of the gases being directed immediately against the piston sets the engine
in motion. The products of combustion escape through the outlet in the side of
the cylinder made for that purpose; when the products have escaped the valve on
the outlet closes, and the piston continuing its movement draws into the cylinder
simultaneously with the partial vacuum following the explosion a fresh charge of
gas and air, the return of the piston compresses the gas and air into the exploding
chamber or end of the cylinder, and also into the firing chamber and igniter, when
the gases are again exploded, in the manner hereinbefore described.
By the arrangement of engine and succession of operations herein described I
accomplish a suitable mixture and supply of gas and air, compression and explosion
of the same, also the expulsion from the cylinder of the products of combustion at
every stroke of the engine.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and shewn by Drawings
how the same may be carried into practice, I would have it understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details or configuration of the parts I have described
and shewn, as the same may be varied or modified without departing from the
nature of my said Invention; what I do claim is,―
Firstly. The arrangement, construction, and application of the inner tube hand
the outer tube i, and the various parts connected therewith forming the valve
arrangement for the admission of air and gas simultaneously, substantially as and
for the purpose herein set forth.
Secondly. The general arrangement and combination of the various parts and
mere modifications of the same, forming my improvements in gas engines, sub-
stantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Watson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.