CERTAIN MEANS, PROCESSES, AND APPA- RATUSES FOR PREVENTING IN MANY CASES THE ESCAPE OF HEAT THROUGH BOILERS AND APPARATUSES, AND FOR SAVING AND APPLYING THE LOST HEAT IN GENERAL, AND SOMETIMES DIRECT HEAT, TO MANY USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1848

page_text: DOUCHE'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FELIX
DOUCHE, of No. 3 Ruc d'Ecosse, at Rouen, in the Republic of France,
Merchant, sond greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Tenth day of February,
in the eleventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Felix Douche, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said Felix, Douche, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Felix Douche, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term of years therein mentioned, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick upon Tweed, and also in the Islands of Guernsey,
Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, the Invention of "CERTAIN MEANS, PROCESSES, AND APPA-
RATUSES FOR PREVENTING IN MANY CASES THE ESCAPE OF HEAT THROUGH BOILERS AND
APPARATUSES, AND FOR SAVING AND APPLYING THE LOST HEAT IN GENERAL, AND
SOMETIMES DIRECT HEAT, TO MANY USEFUL PURPOSES," communicated to me from
abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said
Felix Douche, shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Felix Douche, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention com-
municated to me, and the manner of performing and carrying out the same,
are particularly describe and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in the means, processes, and
apparatus for combining apparatus-and machinery for preventing the loss of
heat, and for applying the lost heat in general, and sometimes direct heat, either
alone or combined, to the heating of apparatus, and thereby in economising
fuel; and for the better understanding of the Invention communicated to me I
will successively describe the different means of carrying it into operation.
Feeding apparatus represented by Figure 1, and which also can be applied to
non-condensing high pressure steam engines, and to high, middle, and low
pressure condensing steam engines. Firstly, application of the apparatus
represented by Figure 1 to non-condensing high pressure steam engines :-
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING, FIGURE 1.
the steam.
H, H', are
egress of the
Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of the apparatus in which the
alimentating or feeding water passes into the reservoir and the steam into the
pipes. Figure V. is a bird's eye view, according to the line A, B, of the same
apparatus. A, A¹, A", A¹¹¹, are cast iron girdles for joining the reservoir
B, B¹, B", B¹¹, with the upper dome D, D, and the lower domo D', D¹.
F, F, F, F, are the brass or cast iron plates to which the pipes 9, 9, 9", 9¹¹¹,
are adjusted. E, E¹, E", E, are the boxes giving passage to
They are fixed to the plates F, F, F", F, K, K', stuffing boxes.
the bolts of the stuffing boxes. M is the eduction pipe for the
feeding water; the course of the water is shown by the arrow.
for the ingress of the steam into the pipes for the condensation.
the steam is shown by the arrow. The same N is the pipe for the egress of
the steam from the apparatus for the non-condensing high pressure steam
engines. O is the pipe for the egress of the steam from the pipes for con-
densing engines. The same O is also the pipe for the ingress of the steam
into the pipes for non-condensing high pressure steam engines. P is the
N is the pipe
The course of

page_text: induction pipe to the water into the reservoir B, B¹, B", B. L, L, is an
iron platform, on which the casing B, B¹, as well as the plates F, F, support-
ing the pipes, are placed. In all high pressure engines the water drawn by
the feed pump is sent directly to the boiler, and the steam is exhausted. When
my feeding apparatus, Figure 1, is employed, the alimentating water, according
to my process, passes into the reservoir B, B, B", B, or any suitable receiver
capable of resisting so strong a pressure as that of the boiler, and the steam
passes into the pipes 9, 9, 9, 91, gl, whence it escapes or is applied to some
use; for that purpose the feed water, either cold or already partly warmed by
the simultaneous aspiration of the common water, and of the water of con-
densation of the apparatus, and which said feed water is driven into the
reservoir by a feed pump, reaches the reservoir B, B¹, B", B, through the
connecting tube P, and egresses from it through the tube M, and thence
serves to feed the boiler; these two tubes being in connection with the feed
pipes, as they enter into the reservoir by its lower, and come out by its upper
part, the water becomes heated by the contact of the pipes through which
passes the waste steam, which is introduced into them by the tube O, and leave
them by the tube N, forming a junction with the continuation of the waste
pipes. The pipes for this purpose fit at their extremities with boxes, which
are jointed, viz., that at the bottom with the pipe O for the ingress of the
steam, and that at the top with the pipe N for its egress. The pipe M is sunk
for a short distance into the upper part of the apparatus, in order that the air
reserved between the upper part of the reservoir and the water may lessen, by
its compression, the violent effect of the action of the piston of the feed pump;
a stuffing box K, K', is necessary at the point of junction of the pipes with the
apparatus, to obviate in my processes any inconvenience from the expansion of
the metal. To render the Figure more easily understood I have not repre-
sented in the Drawing five pieces, which are pointed out in my Specification
only, and which I describe as follows:-Firstly, a cock in the proportion of
about one inch and three eights in diameter for ten-horse power, and which is
placed at the bottom of the box E, E¹, E", E, to draw from the apparatus
the condensed water. Secondly, another cock of the same proportional diameter,
which is placed down as low as possible on the reservoir B, B¹, B¹¹, B¹¹¹, to
cleanse it of the sediment of the water when necessary. Thirdly, a pump valve,
That valve gives passage to the
which is generally adapted to the tube M.
water going to the boiler, when it egresses from the apparatus on account of the
motion given to the feed pump. The pump valve closes when the feed pump
no longer acts. It is closed up in an air-tight metal box, which may be opened
when it requires cleaning. The said pump valve is jointed on one side to the

page_text: tube M, and on the other side to the pipe which conducts the heated water to
the boiler. It also presents the great advantage of preventing the water of the
boiler from being drawn back into the apparatus, and consequently against the
feed pump. Fourthly, a third cock, which is set on the said reservoir
B, B, B", B, allows the water to be drawn from it to make use of it when
required, or to ascertain the degree of heat. Fifthly and lastly, a safety valve,
which may be applied on the dome D, D; this safety valve is to work in the
place of the herein-before mentioned pump valve, in case the latter should not
act. The above-described pump and safety valves may be very well fitted on a
pipe with two branches adapted to the tube M; the safety valve, in order to
act efficiently, should be placed between the tube M and the pump valve, in
order to rise in case the latter should not work. Secondly, application of the
same apparatus, as shown in Figure 1, to high, middle, or low pressure con-
densing steam engines. In this case the apparatus is the same as that herein-
before described; it includes the five pieces above mentioned, and works in the
same manner; it is, however, placed preferably between the escapement of the
slide valve of the steam engine and the condenser. By that contrivance the
steam, after having worked under the piston, is introduced not through the
tubo O, as I have herein-before described when speaking of high pressure non-
condensing engines, but the steam is made to progress through the tube N,
and after having passed through the pipes 9, 9', 91, 91, 91, to egress through
the tube O whenever the same steam goes into the condensor with the water
of condensation which it draws along with it. In the application of the
herein-before described apparatus the operation of the alimentating water is
similar to that already described when speaking of high pressure non-condensing
engines.
Feeding apparatus represented by Figure 2, and equally applicable to high
pressure non-condensing steam engines, and to middle and low pressure con-
densing steam engines. Firstly, application to high pressure non-condensing
steam engines:-
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING, FIGURE 2.
Figure 2 represents a sectional elevation, & Fig. V., a bird's eye view of
the apparatus in which the alimentating water passes into the pipes, and the
steam into the reservoir. A, A¹, A", A", cast iron braces or girdles to join the
reservoir B, B', B", B, with the upper dome D, D, and lower dome D', D'
B, B¹,B,B, the reservoir; F, F, F, F, casti ron or brass plates to which
are fitted the pipes 9, 9, 9, 9g; E, E, E", E", boxes giving passage to the

page_text: bolts of the stuffing boxes; M, educt pipe for the egress of the alimentating
water; 0, pipe for the ingress of the steam into the reservoir B, B', B, B¹¹¹,
for non-condensing high pressure engines; N, educt pipe for the egress of the
steam from the reservoir for non-condensing high pressure engines. The same
N also an induct pipe for the ingress of the steam into the reservoir for con-
densing engines of medium pressure. The same O, also an eduction pipe to
the steam from the reservoir for condensing engines of medium pressure. L, L',
iron platform on which the reservoir B, B¹, B, B¹¹, as well as the
plates F, F, F, F, bearing the pipes, are fixed. It is sufficient to give to
the tubes O & N, herein-before described in Figure 1, the diameter of the
tubes P and M of the same Figure, and consequently to have the tubes P and
M of the same diameter as that of the tubes O and N; and lastly, by following
the means represented by Figure 2, the tube O, which as herein-before stated
serves for the ingress of the steam, will be placed on the side of the reser-
voir. B, B', B, B, and as low down as possible. According to the same
Figure 2, the feeding water sent by the feed-pump into the pipes 9, 9, 9,9¹³¸g¹¹¹¹,
by means of the connecting tube P, egresses through the tube M, and gets
afterwards into the boiler, these two tubes forming a junction with the feeding
pipe. In thus entering by the lower, and going out by the upper parts, the
water becomes heated by the contact of the pipes with the escape steam which
passes into the reservoir B, B¹, B", B, by the tube O, and egresses through
the tube N, to be either lost or else to be fully employed if required. These
tubes O and N form a junction with the escape pipes. The purging cock to
let off the condensed water formed by the steam is placed in the lowest part of
the reservoir B, B, B", B. The purging cock to carry off tho deposit which
may be formed by the alimentating water is placed at the lowest part of the
box E, E. I adapt to the tube M, by which the heated alimentating water
egresses and goes into the boiler the pipe with a double branch herein-before
mentioned; one of the branches serves to support the safety valve, and the
other the pump valve. These two valves work as I have before stated, when
speaking of the apparatus represented by Figure 1. The cock serving to draw
off the hot water contained in the apparatus may be fitted on the pipe with
two branches before the two valves, as I have above described. Secondly,
application of the same apparatus (according to the Figure 2) to the feeding of
boilers of condensing engines of medium and low pressure. In this case the
apparatus is the same as Fig. 2, and works in the same manner, except that it
is placed as much as possible between the escapement of the slide and the
condenser, so that the steam after having worked under tho piston may be
introduced not by the tube O, as for non-condensing engines, but by the tube

page_text: N to come out after having passed into the reservoir B, B¹, B", B¹¹¹, by the
tube O, whence it goes to the condenser with the water of condensation which
it carries with it. If, for want of any other place, this apparatus is placed
higher up than the steam engine, and it is necessary to make the steam rise
into the apparatus to fall into the condenser, a cock has to be fitted to the
bottom part of the steam pipe of the apparatus, by means of which the
condensed water in this pipe may be carried into the condenser. If the
apparatus is thus constructed the water always enters through the connecting
tube P, and egresses through the tube M, to arrive into the generators after
being heated in its passage through the pipes 9, 9, 9", g¹¹¹, g.
Thirdly, application of the feeding apparatus to marine engines and to
locomotive engines. The feeding apparatus, as described and represented by
Figures 1 and 2, can be applied to high, middle, and low pressure marine steam
engines, and also to locomotive engines of high pressure. If I cannot dispose
of all the escape steam, I must use some part which I obtain from the main
pipe, and cause it to arrive into the apparatus and replace the lost draught in
the chimney, by covering the said chimney with one of the apparatus, which I
call heat preservers, and which I will herein-after described. In the application
of the apparatus herein-before described to steam vessels and to locomotive
engines, I heat also the feeding water by causing to pass into the reser-
voir B, B¹, B", B, (either conjointly with the escape steam or alone,) the
excess steam produced from the generators of the engines as well as the steam
lost during the stoppages. I apply for marine steam engines more particularly
the dispositions, as herein-before described and represented by Figure 2, in order
to heat the alimentating water of the middle and low pressure engines, and for
that purpose I employ the salt water which is frequently or continually
extracted from the boilers in order to diminish or to avoid the incrustation:
In that instance I employ two or more apparatus, which I place one by the
side of another, and instead of steam, I cause, by means of the tube N of the
first apparatus, (which is put in communication with the eduction pipe of the
boiler) the extracted water to arrive into the reservoir B, B, B", B, and it is
from this said first apparatus, from the bottom of which the water is driven back
each time, that water is extracted from the generator. The extracted water is
conducted by means of a communicating pipe fixed between the tube O of the
first apparatus and the tube N of the second, to the upper part of the reservoir
of that herein-before mentioned second apparatus, and thus passes into the other
apparatus, with which it would be connected until that said water should be
definitively exhausted through the tube 0 of the last apparatus, after having
progressively yielded the greater part of its caloric to the feeding water drawn

page_text: as usual from the condenser. That feeding water driven into the connecting
tube P passes through the pipes of the last apparatus, and egresses from them
by means of the tube M, and through the connecting pipe is made to arrive
into the pipe of the apparatus which precedes it, entering into this last by the
connecting tube P, and so on as far as the first apparatus, following an inverse
course to that of the water extracted, which by this process, and before falling
into the sea, has lost almost the whole of its caloric. The waste water from
the generators when they are emptied may thus be also brought into these
apparatus. I can also cause to arrive into the reservoir B, B', B", B, of the
first apparatus, the escape steam, the steam in excess in the generators them-
selves, that of the engines, or even the steam of other apparatus. By the
means herein-before described, I can also make use for the same purpose of
the steam lost by stoppages, and the purge water of the cylinders, either
conjointly with the extracted water, or alone, if I think necessary to make use
of the condensed water. In many cases the apparatus herein-before described
may bo replaced by boxes of any form or material whatever, fitted on the inside
with a serpentine or groups of pipes adjusted to some boxes; each of these two
dispositions will be provided with stuffing boxes, or with any other convenient
means for obviating the inconvenience of the expansion of the metals. The
purging cocks, set at the lower part of every reservoir, permit of cleaning them
with facility. It will be easily understood that in case I should make use of
several apparatus jointed together, a single pump valve only will be required.
That pump valve is adjusted to the pipe conducting the heated water into the
boiler, and one single safety valve is quite sufficient, whatever be the number
of apparatus working together. I apply this process of preserving heat as
herein-before described to dyers' baths exhausted of their dyeing matter, and to
other baths, out of which I remove the lost heat, which I then apply to the
heating of other clean water for all useful purposes. Finally, I apply usefully
the process so mentioned whereever there is hot water, steam, and lost heat. I
also make use of the same means to produce heated air at discretion; for that
purpose I cause to pass, as is shewn in the herein-before described Figure 1, a
current of air through the connecting tube P, and to egress by the tube M;
after having been heated by means of the steam which passes through the.
tubes 9, 9¹, g¹¹, g, that hot air can be employed for any useful purpose. By
means of the several herein-after described modifications which I apply to the
herein-before described apparatus represented by Figure 1, I obtain also hot
air, which I can usefully employ.

page_text: FIGURE 3.
A, represents the induction pipe for the ingress of the steam. C is the
eduction pipe for the egress of the steam. G, G¹, G", G¹¹¹, G¹¹¹, represents
the pipes through which the steam passes. This apparatus is provided with a
safety valve and of a pump valve; the safety valve serves to avoid too great a
pressure, and the pump valve serves to remedy the defects of too rapid a con-
densation, and which could produce the vacuum internally. B is an eduction
cock for the condensed water. If I suppose the herein-before described
apparatus, as represented in Figure 1, without being provided with the reser-
voir B, B¹, B", B¹¹, it becomes a separate apparatus, which I call aerifer caloridor
or hot-air apparatus, and which allows a certain quantity of heated air to be
produced on account of the large heating surface obtained within the same area
by means of the series of pipes contained within the said apparatus, and by
causing to pass through those pipes the escape, excess, purge, and stoppage steam,
and sometimes also the steam taken directly from the boilers or from any other
apparatus. Thus, according the herein-before described Figure 3, the steam
arrives by means of the induction pipe A, passes through the pipes G, G³, G¹¹,
G¹¹¹, G, and egresses through the eduction pipe C. I could as easily cause
the steam to arrive through the eduction pipe C & to egress through the in-
duction pipe A, but in that case the purge cock B would have to be employed
to relieve the apparatus of its condensed water, which would not be necessary
if I used the above apparatus as described in the first instance, as the condensed
water is carried off with the steam when egressing with it. The apparatus is
represented in the Drawing with a small number of pipes, but in all cases their
number can be increased ad libitum if a greater heat be required. These pipes
being set closer to each other, and adjusted to smaller boxes, are united in groups
and form small distinct hot-air apparatus, which can be applied in numbers
proportionated to the use to be made of them. They may be placed either longi-
tudinally or transversally, and are applicable to warm rollers, perrotine looms,
drying apparatus, to heat apartments, workshops, and many other useful purposes.
They are, by way of precaution, provided with stuffing boxes in order to avoid
the inconvenience arising from the expansion of the metals composing them.
As all the groups formed by the pipes are communicating with each other, as
herein-before described, one safety valve and one suifier (renifleur) are quite
sufficient for the whole of them. The first valve will be to avoid too great a
pressure of steam, and the second for preventing the dangers consequent upon

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING, FIGURE 4.
A, A¹, represent rollers provided with needles. B is a moveable support.
C is the groove of the moveable support. D is a screw serving to fix at will
the groove. F, F, represent the elastic spiral springs. G, G¹, are permanent
A¹ is a
supports. E, E¹, represent moveable supports. H, H¹, are screws.
separate roller provided with needles. I facilitate still more the dessication,
and consequently I effect a saving in the combustion of fuel by means of the
small apparatus represented by Figure 4, which I call a stretching machine, and
over the
by which I stretch the width of tissues when they are made to pass
machinery to which the said stretching machine is applied. This small apparatus
is composed of a board set on the front of the frame of the machine on which
the pieces of goods are made to pass; on the board are placed two rollers A, A¹,
provided with points and needles of a spiral form, having a continual tendency
in their progress to separate from the central points of support of the said rollers.
A, A', the two selvages of the piece of tissue, which in passing communicate
the movement to them. These two rollers rest in the centre against a bearer B,
and they are provided on each side with a small recess into which the small
pointed axes are made to bear and to be kept whilst turning at the central
extremity of the rollers A, A'. The bearer B is moveable; it advances or recedes
by means of the grooves C into which the screw bolt D can move freely to fix
the said bearer B, so that by making the said bearer advance more or less on
the board, I am enabled to give a form more or less extended to the herein-before
described rollers A, A'. Each of these two rollers is supported at one end against
the moveable bearer B, and at the other against the moveable supports E, E¹,
in order to stretch more or less the tissues. One of the extremitics of the
moveable bearer E, E', is attached to the board by means of the slightly
tightened screw H, which leaves to the end E an alternate motion, which is
regulated or governed by the pressure of the rollers at the point B, and in this
case the axes are always maintained in the small recesses made in these
bearers E, E, and are supported at the other extremities on the spiral
springs F, F, which are themselves supported by the fixed supports G, G¹;
the springs F, F, on account of their clasticity, maintain the pressure of the
moveable bearers E, E, against the rollers A, A¹.

page_text: HYDROEXTRACTING APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING WATER.-DESCRIPTION OF
DRAWING, FIGURE 5.
A, a pipe-serving to conduct the steam and water coming from the steam.
apparatus. B is a receiver. C, the cock on the discharge pipe of the
apparatus. D, discharging pipe for the condensed water.
C is a pump
valve. F is a discharging pipe connected with the pipe D. G is the
safety valve. I obtain also a very material saving in the combustion of fuel
by means of a small apparatus which I call hydroextractor, the operation of
which is to extract, without scarcely any loss of steam, the condensed water
from the steam apparatus, under which I place the herein-before described
apparatus. It is composed of a small receiver B, into which the steam and
water, which are generally lost, arrive together in the upper part of the appa-
ratus, by means of the conduct pipe A applied to the discharge pipe of the
generator on its operator. The steam immediately occupies the upper part, and
the condensed water the lower part. The condensed water is drawn off from
the lower part of the apparatus by means of the curved discharging pipe D
provided with the cock C, by which the egress of the said condensed water is
regulated at will. To avoid the effect of too great a pressure or of too great
an accumulation of water in the receiver B, I place above the discharge pipe D
another pipe with double branches, on one of which I place the pump valve Es
to afford a passage to the condensed water through the pipe F, and on the other
branch I set the safety valve G in case the pump valve E should not work. I obtain
also the same result if I only make use of the reservoir B and the tube A
which conducts the water and steam. In that case I apply to the bottom of the
reservoir B a valve attached to an internal float, which raises the valve and gives:
an egress to the condensed water when the level of the said condensed water
exceeds a given point. In this instance a safety valve is set on the reservoir B;
however I prefer using the bydroextractor as herein-before described. I apply
the herein-before described apparatus represented by Figure 3, which I call
aerifer caloridor, with the modifications herein-after described, to collect lost
steam from useless waters of every kind whatever be the matters they contain.
When these waters are or can be placed in vessels large enough for receiving
the said herein-before described apparatus represented by Figure 3 (pro-
vided with a greater or less number of very thin brass pipes), the said apparatus
is lowered down by a crutch or any other convenient means into the vessel
containing the hot dirty water. A pipe having its opening or mouth level with
the most elevated part of the said herein-before mentioned apparatus, Figure 3,

page_text: is put in communication with the lower box of the said apparatus, into which
lower box the above-mentioned pipe conducts the cold water coming either from
a reservoir placed in a more elevated position than the said apparatus or from
a pump. This cold water is progressingly heated while ascending through the
pipes into the upper box, where it egresses after having taken back possession
of the greatest quantity of heat which the bath of dirty water was containing,
and in consequence of the more elevated level of the point where the water of
the said apparatus is introduced the same water is carried back into the vessel
which has to be filled after having been heated by the process herein-before
described. Envelopes or wrappers to prevent the escape of heat, which I call
heat preserving envelopes.-They are represented in Figure 1 by a red line
which shews a plastic wrapper; the blue line represents a tissue wrapper.
They can be equally applied to all the other herein-before described appa-
ratus. These wrappers or envelopes prevent the heat from radiating; they
therefore permit the heated air, hot water, and steam to be conducted at
a great distance at will without being scarcely subjected to cooling. These
envelopes, which vary in their nature according to the intensity of the heat
of the object to be wrapped up, can be applied to cylinders, boilers, hot-
water pipes, reservoirs, funnels for locomotives, land and marine steam engines,
either at low, middle, or high pressure furnace plates, hearths, and furnaces,
and to every kind of apparatus whatever may bo their form and the circum-
stances in which they are placed. The application of these wrappers to
apparatus, in addition to the great saving of fuel, renders a very great service
to stokers in general, especially in steam boats, where the cold air they may
receive has the effect of cooling the engines also. I prepare the heat preserving
envelopes with woven or felted substances, and as much as possible I make use
preferably of animal and hairy matters; I double them with or without seams,
and I introduce in the inside of the folds some saw-dust mixed with pounded
charcoal, or I use for the same purpose every kind of textile substances or their
refuse, or all kind of bodies, either alone or mixed, which are bad conductors of
caloric which I employ alone or separately. These heat preserving envelopes
are maintained as much as possible in a state of equal thickness by being
quilted at intervals in the inside, they do not turn round but cloth either in one
single or in several pieces the objects to which I apply them, and to which,
according to my process, they are attached by means of buckles, clasps, cords or
straps which allow them to be taken off and put on with the greatest facility.
In the herein-before described apparatus represented by Figure 1. These
wrappers are shewn by the blue line drawn round the reservoir B, B¹, Bч, B¹¹¹,
of the said described apparatus. In some cases before the application of the

page_text: heat preserving envelopes, I set at certain distances upon the articles to be
covered, a jutting-out body such as animal hair, cane, or other similar
substances made into cords, twisted materials, or small long bags of any suitable
fabric filled with charcoal, clay, or any other similar substance which is a bad
conductor of caloric; and which is still better, I form a first wrapper of the
same shape as the article to be covered by means of willow work, which I
attach with iron wire. But when the heat is very great, instead of a first or
internal herein-before described wrapper, I prefer applying immediately on the
objects to be covered, the plastic envelope exhibited by a red mark on the hèrein-
before described apparatus, as per Fig. 1, and which I prepare as follows:-
I mix together, so as to form a plastic paste, a convenient quantity of greasy
clay, animal hair, with or without the addition of some horse-dung; I mix
together these substances by means of rape flour, pounded oil-cake, or some
other greasy or oleaginous seeds. I add to the above-stated mixture a small
quantity of glue or of any other suitable mucilagineous matter by which that said
composition may acquire more density and adhering qualities. I apply equally
well that cement to the hearths of furnaces or chimnies in order to concentrato
the heat more effectually; but if the caloric is too intense, it is necessary to
apply previously on the objects a layer or coat of clay to protect the hercin-
before described plastic wrapper, which, as I have already stated, is represented
by a red line on the reservoir of the apparatus, Figure 1. The advantages
resulting from the use of the heat preserving envelopes are to prevent, firstly, the
radiating of the heat; secondly, the condensation of the steam after its egress
from the boiler; thirdly, to increase the draught in the chimneys; fourthly, to
prevent oxidation; fifthly, to protect all apparatus and conduct pipes of heated
air and steam from the action of cold and damp, and for protecting stockers
from intense heat.
And having now fully described the Invention communicated to me, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be under-
stood that I do not claim as the Invention aforesaid all the different parts
of the means, processes, apparatus, or machinery herein-before mentioned
taken separately and singly, nor the materials therein employed for the con-
struction of the several apparatus, or their component parts, nor do I confine
myself to the precise details, materials, and proportions of the several means,
processes, and apparatus I have represented by the Drawing hereunto annexed
and herein-before spoken of in the description, nor to the precise modi operandi
of the different means, processes, and apparatus herein-before described for
carrying the aforesaid Invention into exccution, provided the general features
be smilar to those herein-before given. But what I do claim as the Invention

page_text: communicated to me and intended to be protected by the said Letters Patent
is, firstly, the arranging and combining of apparatus conjointly with the several
accessory parts, and whether the application be made of one of several or of the
whole of them, as herein-before described in reference to the different Figures in
the Drawing. Secondly, the means and process for causing the alimentating or
feeding water driven by the feed pump to pass direct into my feeding apparatus
and thence direct into the boiler, and also the effects or results produced by
this process, as herein-before described in reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the
Drawing. Thirdly, the safety valve employed in the apparatus either alone or
conjointly with the pump valve, to supply the action of the latter in case of need,
as herein-before described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 5, of the Drawing.
Fourthly, the process for removing the sediments of the feeding water heated in
the apparatus, as herein-before described in reference to Figure 3 of the Drawing.
Fifthly, the means of causing the action of the air purposely reserved in the
apparatus, and preventing by its compression the inconvenience of the blow of
the piston of the feed pump, as herein-before described in reference to Figures 1
and 2 of the Drawing. Sixthly, the stuffing boxes, and their application to my
apparatus for obviating the expansion of the metals, as herein-before described
in reference to the Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the Drawing. Seventhly, the form
and application of a double dome to the feeding apparatus, as herein-before
described in reference to the Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing. Eighthly, the
process of cleaning the inside of the pipes by the arrangement of the boxes with
which they are adjusted, as herein-before described in reference to Figures
1, 2, and 3, of the Drawing. Ninthly, the means of retaking the water of con-
densation of the apparatus, and causing it to pass de novo conjointly with the
common feeding water direct into the apparatus themselves, effecting thereby
a saving of water and fuel, at the same time decreasing the causes of incrusta-
tion, as hercin-before described in reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing.
Tenthly, the means and process for collecting the heat lost in baths and other
apparatus containing heat both on sea and land, whether isolated or grouped
together, as herein-before described in reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the
Drawing. Eleventhly, the hot-air apparatus called caloridor aerifer, composed
of groups of pipes furnished with stuffing boxes to prevent the expansion of
the metals; the production from the said apparatus of hot air and the applica-
tion of the same to drying apparatus, and to all kinds of heating whatsoever, as
herein-before described in reference to Figure 3 of the Drawing. Twelfthly, the
apparatus I call stretcher, and the application of the same, as herein-before
described in reference to Figures 4 of the Drawing. Thirteenthly, the appa-
ratus hydroextractor, and the application of the same, as herein-before described

page_text: in reference to Figures 5 of the Drawing. Fourteenthly, the means and process of
constructing heat preserving wrappers, and the mode of applying and fastening
the same for protecting them against the excessive heat, also for the preparing,
using, and applying the plastic and composition herein-before described in
reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing. Fifteenthly, the means and
process of protecting stokers from the heat of furnaces without cooling the
engines, as herein-before described in reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the
Drawing. Sixteenthly, the saving of fuel and water obtained, as herein-before
described in reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, of the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Felix Douche, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-eight
FELIX (L.B.) DOUCHE.
Taken and declared by Felix Douche (party hereto)
at Rue de la Vicomte (N° 47), at Rouen, in the
Republic of France, this 7th day of August,
1848, before me, the British Vice Consul, for the
Chancellor, delegated,
P. A. BRÉARD,
Her Britannic Majesty's Vice Consul at Rouen.
William Armand Moreau Gilbee, of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, maketh oath and saith, that he is acquainted
with the manner and character of the handwriting of Prosper Auguste Bréard,
Her Britannic Majesty's Vice Consul at Rouen, in the Republic of France, and
this Deponent further saith that the signature "P. A. Bréard" set, subscribed,
or written in the margin of the Specification hereunto annexed, marked A, and
dated the Seventh day of August instant, and purporting to be executed by
Felix Douche, of 3, Rue d'Ecosse, at Rouen, whereby it is stated that the
Specification was acknowledged by him, the said Felix Douche, before the said
Prosper Auguste Bréard, on the said Seventh day of August, at Rouen afore-
said, is of the proper handwriting of the said Prosper Auguste Bréard.
Sworn at the Inrollment Office, Southampton Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
this 10th day of August, 1848, before me,
. A. M. GILBER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the affidavit of William Armand
Moreau Gilbee, the Instrument aforesaid was inrolled word for word as above
written. And also the Instrument aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth of the reign of His late Majesty
King George the Third.